bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Government reports versus offenders’ experiences: toward the resolution of discrepancies in healthcare and healthcare delivery
Authors: Memarpour Pegah , Ricciardelli Rose , Maasarjian Pauline 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– Canadian literature on federal correctional institutions and prison living indicate a shortage inadequate and available healthcare services to meet the needs of the prison population, despite prisoners higher rates of health challenges (e.g. mental health, addictions, HIV/AIDS) in comparison to the general population. With fewer resources, concerns arise about the delivery, quantity, and quality of penal healthcare provision. Thus, the authors examines former prisoners’ experiences of, in comparison to government reports on, wait-times, and request processes for healthcare services, as well as issues of access, quality of interactions with healthcare professionals and the regulations and policies governing healthcare provision. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors compare data gathered from interviews with 56 former-federal prisoners with publicly available Correctional Services Canada reports on healthcare delivery, staff-prisoner interactions, programmes and services, and overall physical and mental health to identify consistencies and inconsistencies between the government’s and former prisoners’ understandings of penal healthcare.

Findings
– Discrepancies exist between prisoners reported experiences of healthcare provision and government reports. Prisoners are dissatisfied with healthcare provision in more secure facilities or when they feel their healthcare needs are not met yet become more satisfied in less secure institutions or when their needs are eventually met.

Originality/value
– Theories of administrative control frame the analyses, including discrepancies between parolee experiences and Correctional Service Canada reports. Policy recommendations to improve healthcare provision are highlighted.
Assessing sustainability of employee suggestion schemes: a framework
Authors: Lasrado Flevy 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to assess the employee suggestion scheme of three organizations based in the United Arab Emirates. A framework that consists of five sustainability factors identified based on an empirical study has been applied. The sustainability factors identified through this study include leadership and organizational environment, system capability, system effectiveness, organizational encouragement and system barrier. The paper draws conclusions about the key practices necessary to foster sustainability of the employee suggestion system. The paper then presents a final framework that the organizations can apply to assess their suggestion schemes and to develop potential change strategies. The study findings reveal the importance of five factors, and with more cases, future research can be conducted to identify further practices relevant to specific industry. More levels of maturity for sustainability suggestion system could also be defined with future research.

Design/methodology/approach
– The assessment framework was developed drawing on a thorough review of the literature and data collected and analyzed using various statistical tools. The developed assessment framework was validated using case study method. Semi-structured interviews were used to elicit relevant information during the case study.

Findings
– An assessment framework comprising five major factors for sustainability of suggestion scheme of has been presented. The five factors include: leadership and work environment, system capability, system effectiveness, organizational encouragement and system barriers. Sustainability of a suggestion system can be understood as a three-stage model comprising three stages: the initial stage, the developmental stage and the advanced stage. The key practices associated for each of these stages are discussed in detail.

Research limitations/implications
– The framework has taken into consideration the critical success factors, and critical success factors emerged from the literature review conducted for this study. The framework therefore could be further refined by conducting more case studies and can propose maturity levels.

Originality/value
– The paper has developed a framework that can be used to assess the sustainability of the suggestion scheme in an organization. This model has been applied to assess the individual schemes and draw upon potential change strategies.
Investigating the factors influencing continuance usage intention of Learning management systems by university instructors
Authors: Mouakket Samar , Bettayeb Anissa M. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– There is a growing demand worldwide for the adoption of Learning management systems (LMS) by academic institutions to support e-Learning platform. Yet limited research has been conducted to investigate the factors affecting its usage, particularly by university instructors. To fill this research void, the expectation-confirmation model (ECM) was used as the core framework for analysis, while additional critical independent factors related to organizational, technological and individual characteristics were added to find a better model to understand university instructors’ continuance intention to use Blackboard system as a popular LMS.

Design/methodology/approach
– Sample data were gathered from 158 university instructors at a university in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) who volunteered to participate in this study. Structural equation modeling technique was used to verify the causal relationships between the constructs.

Findings
– Perceived usefulness (PU) affected satisfaction of Blackboard system. Both PU and satisfaction affected instructors’ continuance intentions to use Blackboard system. User-interface design affected both PU and satisfaction. Technical support influenced perceived usefulness. Training influenced perceived usefulness, but it had no influence on satisfaction. Computer self-efficacy had no influence on perceived usefulness.

Originality/value
– Based on the ECM, this study contributes significantly to the limited body of research on capturing the influence of organizational, technological and individual motivators to explain university instructors’ continuance intention to use LMS.
Forensic science as “risky business”: identifying key risk factors in the forensic process from crime scene to court
Authors: Julian Roberta , Kelty Sally F. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss key risk factors in the use of forensic science in the criminal justice system by adopting a holistic and systemic approach that examines the collection and use of forensic evidence from crime scene to court.Design/methodology/approach– The research on which the paper is based was a mixed-method five-year study of the effectiveness of forensic science in the criminal justice system in Australia using qualitative and quantitative methods. The paper draws on the in-depth analysis of qualitative data from 11 case studies of investigations of serious crime to identify key risk factors in the use of forensic science from crime scene to court.Findings– Six key risk factors in the forensic process from crime scene to court are identified: low level of forensic awareness among first responders; crime scene examiners (CSEs) as technicians rather than professionals; inefficient and/or ineffective laboratory processes; limited forensic literacy among key actors in the criminal justice system; poor communication between key actors in the criminal justice system; and, financial resources not directed at the front end of the forensic process. Overall the findings demonstrate that forensic science is not well embedded in the criminal justice system.Practical implications– The paper suggests that the risks inherent in the current practice of forensic science in the criminal justice system can be reduced dramatically through: forensic awareness training among first responders; the professionalisation of CSEs; continued improvements in efficiency and effectiveness at the laboratory with a focus on timeliness and quality; greater forensic literacy among actors in the criminal justice system; appropriate avenues of communication between agencies, practitioners and policymakers in the criminal justice system; and increased allocation of resources to the front end of the forensic process.Originality/value– By adopting a holistic, systemic approach to the analysis of forensic science in the criminal justice system, and identifying inherent risks in the system, this paper contributes to the emerging body of research on the social processes that impact on the effectiveness of forensic science.
People dependent of support in daily activities perceives reduced self-determination – a cross-sectional study with community-dwelling older people
Authors: Ottenvall Hammar Isabelle , Dahlin-Ivanoff Synneve , Wilhelmson Katarina , Eklund Kajsa 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship of self-determination with degree of dependence in daily activities among community-dwelling persons aged 80 years and older.Design/methodology/approach– This cross-sectional study focused on community-dwelling people 80 years or older with varied degree of dependence in daily activities. Self-determination in daily life was assessed with the statements from the Impact on Participation and Autonomy-Older persons (IPA-O), and degree of dependence in daily activities was assessed with the activities of daily living (ADL) staircase. Data were analysed using Fisher’s exact test, and the relative risk with a 95 per cent confidence interval was used to explore the risk of perceiving reduced self-determination in daily life.Findings– Compared to the independent persons, the perceived self-determination was significantly lower among persons dependent in instrumental activities of daily living (I-ADL), and persons dependent in personal activities of daily living (P-ADL). Reduced self-determination was most pronounced in persons requiring help with P-ADL.Practical implications– Following key features could be applied to strengthen the community-dwelling older people’s self-determination; incorporating a dialogue where self-determined questions are raised; adopting a person-centred approach between the persons involved; acknowledging older people’s capabilities – what they are able to do and to be, and what they value.Originality/value– This study highlights the need of integrating a self-determined dialogue into healthcare where the older person and the professional focus on self-determined questions.
Quality improvement through the paradigm of learning
Authors: Hafford-Letchfield Trish , Lavender Peter 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– Achieving meaningful participation and co-production for older people in care requires radical approaches. The purpose of this paper is to explore an innovation where learning interventions were introduced into care settings and older people matched to community-based learning mentors to develop partnerships. The authors explore how the concept of learning might be used as a paradigm to raise the quality of care in institutionalised settings using a co-productive and relationship-based approach to promote wellbeing.Design/methodology/approach– A structured evaluation drew on qualitative data captured from interviews with older people (n=25) and learning mentors (n=22) to reflect on the potential benefits and challenges involved when introducing learning interventions in care settings. This was contextualised alongside data captured from stakeholders (n=10) including a care home manager, social care and education commissioners, trustees and project staff to assess the interdisciplinary contribution of lifelong learning to quality improvement.Findings– Introducing learning interventions to older people within care settings promoted participation, advocacy and relationship-based care which in turn helped to create a positive culture. Given the current challenges to improve quality in care services, drawing on a paradigm of learning may encourage older people to retain their independence as care homes strive towards a person-centred approach. Promoting social activities and leisure using learning was found to foster closer working relationships between older people and the wider community. These had a levelling effect through reciprocity, using an asset based approach. There were benefits for the care provider as the partnerships formed enabled people to raise both individual and collective concerns about care and support.Originality/value– Raising and sustaining the quality of support for older people requires input from the wider public sector beyond health and social care. Purposeful engagement with other disciplines such as learning and leisure offers the potential to realise a more sustainable model of user choice, person-centred support and user involvement. Being engaged through learning can nourish membership in the community for marginalised populations such as older people living in care homes.
Innovation advantage: insourcing engineering
Authors: Chaudhury Reuben , Gerdemann Dieter , Kapoor Bharat 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The authors make the case that insourcing engineering is a strategic investment in developing a company’s core competence and innovative capacity needed to continually push the frontiers of its markets, which is essential to creating fresh marginal value under all scenarios.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors layout the risks of outsourcing engineering and explain why the benefits of insourcing engineering are great and likely to grow more critical in the near future.

Findings
– As the Internet of Things opens vast new possibilities for differentiating nearly everything such companies might build, innovative engineering to achieve superior connectivity, functionality and invulnerability becomes critical to competitive advantage.

Practical implications
– Insourcing engineering not only resurrects the innovation and IP that distinguish sustainably successful market leaders, it also increases the ability to keep ideas secret until the production stage, thus allowing for full commercialization.

Originality/value
– A leading practitioner at General Electric describes his firm’s experience with outsourcing engineering and why it reversed course and began insourcing engineering again.
How to discover and assess opportunities for business model innovation
Authors: Hargadon Andrew 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The author explains that changing both the company’s offerings and its organization exponentially increases the complexity and uncertainty of any new undertaking, which is why business model innovation is both so difficult and, when successful, so hard for competitors to respond to.

Design/methodology/approach
– The example of how SolarCity introduced a new business model in 2008 designed around third-party ownership illustrates many of the steps Solar-City took to redesign their offering as well as the capabilities to deliver it.

Findings
– Design teams often build prototypes of new products and test their performance or test their appeal to users. It is much more difficult to design and test a novel financial model and more difficult still to sell that design to a company’s leadership and its investors or lenders.

Practical implications
– Rather than dive into details of the product development, organizational design or financials, the innovation team should rank order the largest sources of the project’s uncertainties and focus on identifying any fatal flaws before much time and money are spent.

Originality/value
– A new business model should not be the initial goal but the by-product of a process that focuses on maximizing the long-term value you provide to your customers.
Air humidity thresholds trigger active moss spore release to extend dispersal in space and time
Authors: Johansson Victor , Lönnell Niklas , Rannik Üllar , Sundberg Sebastian , Hylander Kristoffer 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Understanding the complete dispersal process is important for making realistic predictions of species distributions, but mechanisms for diaspore release in wind‐dispersed species are often unknown. However, diaspore release under conditions that increase the probability of longer dispersal distances and mechanisms that extend dispersal events in time may have evolutionary advantages.

We quantified air humidity thresholds regulating spore release in the moss Brachythecium rutabulum. We also investigated the prevailing micrometeorological conditions when these thresholds occur in nature and how they affect dispersal distances up to 100 m, using a mechanistic dispersal model.

We show that moss spores were mainly released when the peristome teeth were opening, as relative air humidity (RH) decreased from high values to relatively low (mainly between 90% and 75% RH). This most often occurred in the morning, when wind speeds were relatively low. Surprisingly, the model predicted that an equally high proportion of the spores would travel distances beyond 100 m (horizontally) when released in the wind conditions prevailing during events of RH decrease in the morning, that lead to peristome opening, as in the highest wind speeds. Moreover, a higher proportion of the spores reached high altitudes when released at the lower wind speeds during the morning compared to the higher speeds later in the day, indicating a possibility for extended dispersal distances when released in the morning. Dispersal in the morning is enhanced by a combination of a more unstable atmospheric surface layer that promotes vertical dispersal, and a lower wind speed that decreases the spore deposition probability onto the ground, compared to later in the day.

Our study demonstrates an active spore release mechanism in response to diurnally changing air humidity. The mechanism may promote longer dispersal distances, because of enhanced vertical dispersal and because spores being released in the morning have more time to travel before the wind calms down at night. The mechanism also leads to a prolonged dispersal period over the season, which may be viewed as a risk spreading in time that ultimately also leads to a higher diversity of establishment conditions, dispersal distances and directions.
Experimental evidence that oxidative stress influences reproductive decisions
Authors: Costantini David , Casasole Giulia , AbdElgawad Hamada , Asard Han , Eens Marcel 
Published: November 2015

Summary

There is considerable interest of evolutionary ecologists in the proximate mechanisms that constrain life‐history variation. It is increasingly recognized that oxidative stress may be a prime physiological constraint on reproduction, but to the best of our knowledge, this has never been tested experimentally.

To fill in this gap, we examined whether a specific and short‐term experimental increase of pre‐reproductive oxidative stress in females of a songbird (canary, Serinus canaria) would influence reproductive decisions (i.e. when and how many eggs to lay), and reproductive success (hatching and fledging success, number of hatchlings and of fledglings produced by each female), as compared to females whose oxidative stress levels were not manipulated.

Our experimental reduction of glutathione, a key antioxidant, increased oxidative stress and affected reproductive decisions: treated females significantly delayed the start of egg laying and laid significantly smaller clutches. However, both hatching and fledging success and the number of hatchlings and of fledglings produced by each female were similar between control and treated females.

Our results support the hypothesis that oxidative stress may be one proximate mechanism modulating key life‐history traits (such as the timing of laying and clutch size in birds) and therefore may act as a link between prevailing environmental conditions and fitness traits.
Soil microbial community structure explains the resistance of respiration to a dry–rewet cycle, but not soil functioning under static conditions
Authors: Orwin Kate H. , Dickie Ian A. , Wood Jamie R. , Bonner Karen I. , Holdaway Robert J. 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Soil ecosystem functions underpin many ecosystem services. Understanding the drivers of these functions and their stability in response to disturbance is important given land‐use intensification and the predicted increase in disturbance frequency with climate change.

Changes in land use and soil abiotic conditions are likely to impact on soil ecosystem functions and their stability, but the effects of changes in soil microbial community structure (i.e. traits, diversity, composition and biomass) are poorly understood.

We measured soil abiotic properties, microbial community structure, ecosystem functions (carbon and nutrient cycling) and the stability of functions in response to a dry–rewet cycle, across a land‐use gradient consisting of natural forest, planted forest, high‐ and low‐producing grassland, and vineyards.

Results from additive modelling, where explanatory variables were added in a hierarchical manner and retained if significant (land use followed by abiotic variables followed by biotic variables), showed that measures of soil microbial community structure were the only variables able to explain variation in several measures of stability. In contrast, microbial community structure was rarely able to explain further variation in functions measured under static conditions once land use and abiotic factors were accounted for.

Consistent with current theory, correlation analysis indicated that fungal : bacterial ratios were negatively related to measures of carbon and nutrient cycling, whereas the Gram‐positive : Gram‐negative ratio was positively related to measures of nutrient cycling and stability. In contrast to current theory, the fungal : bacterial ratio was negatively related to the resistance of soil water‐soluble N contents to drying.

Our results show that measures of microbial community structure can be good indicators of a wide range of soil functions and their stability in response to a dry–rewet cycle. Further, they suggest that soil microbial community structure may have a far greater influence on process rates under disturbed, compared to static, conditions. The delivery of ecosystem services in the future may therefore be strongly dependent on the characteristics of the soil microbial community.