bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intricate Estimation and Assessment of Surface Conditioning of Posts to improve Interfacial Adhesion in Post–core Restorations: An in vitro Study
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Sharma Amil , Pathak Vivek K , Mankeliya Saurabh , Bhardwaj Shivanshu , Dhanare Poorvasha 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Post and core restorations are routinely used for restoring grossly decayed tooth structures. Various chemical agents are known to affect the interfacial adhesions between the post and the core. Hence, we planned the present study to evaluate the effect of various post-surface treatments on the interfacial strength between the posts and composite materials that are used for building up the core portion.

Materials and methods
The present study included assessment of the effect of surface conditioning of posts on the interfacial adhesion in post–core restorations. A total of 80 clear post-tapers were included and were divided broadly into four study groups based on the type of chemical testing protocols used. Various chemical treatments included alkaline potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, and phosphoric acid. The fourth group was the control group. The composite core material was used for building up the core. Testing of the tensile load was done on a universal testing machine. All the results were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software.

Results
The highest bond strength was observed in the study group treated with alkaline potassium permanganate, while the lowest was observed in the control group followed by the hydrogen peroxide group. While comparing the mean bond strength in between various study groups, significant results were obtained.

Conclusion
Chemical treatment protocol significantly alters the mean bond strength of the post and core restoration.

Clinical significance
Potassium permanganate significantly increases the bond strength between the fiber post and core restoration.

How to cite this article
Gupta P, Sharma A, Pathak VK, Mankeliya S, Bhardwaj S, Dhanare P. Intricate Estimation and Assessment of Surface Conditioning of Posts to improve Interfacial Adhesion in Post–core Restorations: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1177-1180.
Mortality Prediction in Trauma Patients using Three Different Physiological Trauma Scoring Systems
Authors: Razente Danilo M , Alvarez Bruno D , Lacerda Daniel AM , Biscardi João MDS , Olandoski Marcia , Bahten Luiz CV 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Background
This study aims to compare mortality prediction capabilities of three different physiological trauma scoring systems (TSS): Revised Trauma Score (RTS) Glasgow Coma Scale, Age, and Systolic Blood Pressure (GAP) and Mechanism, Glasgow Coma Scale, Age, and Arterial Pressure (MGAP).

Study design
A descriptive, cross-sectional study of trauma victims admitted to the emergency service between December-2013 and February-2014. Clinical and epidemiological information were gathered at admission and three TSS were calculated: RTS, GAP, and MGAP. The follow-up period to assess length of hospitalization and mortality lasted until August-2014. Two groups were created — survivals (S) and deaths (D) — and compared. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 668 trauma victims were analyzed. The mean age was 37 ± 18 and 69.8% were males. Blunt trauma prevailed (90.6%). The mean scores of RTS, GAP, and MGAP for group S (n = 657; 98.4%) were 7.77 ± 0.33, 22.8 ± 1.7, and 27.4 ± 2.3 respectively (p < 0.001), whereas group D (n = 11, 1.6%) achieved mean scores of 4.57 ± 2.95, 13 ± 7, and 15.5 ± 7 (p < 0.001). Regarding the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis, the areas under the curve were 0.926 (RTS), 0.941 (GAP), and 0.981 (MGAP). The three TSS demonstrated significant mortality prediction capabilities (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the three ROC curves (p = 0.138). The MGAP achieved the highest sensitivity (100%), while GAP and RTS sensitivities were 81.8% (59—100%), and 90.9% (73.9—100%) respectively (p < 0.001). The observed specificities were 96.2% (94.77—97.7%) for GAP, 91.6% (89.5—93.7%) for MGAP, and 87.2% (84.7—89.8%) for RTS (p < 0.001). Age (p = 0.049), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (p < 0.001), and trauma mechanism (p < 0.001) were different between the two groups.

Conclusion
Most patients were young males and victims of blunt trauma. The three TSS demonstrated reliability regarding mortality prediction. The MGAP achieved the highest sensitivity and GAP was the most specific score, which may indicate a potential use of both as valuable alternatives to RTS.

How to cite this article
Razente DM, Alvarez BD, Lacerda DAM, Biscardi JMDS, Olandoski M, Bahten LCV. Mortality Prediction in Trauma Patients using Three Different Physiological Trauma Scoring Systems. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2017;6(3):160-168.
Multiple-point statistical simulation for hydrogeological models: 3-D training image development and conditioning strategies
Authors: Høyer Anne-Sophie , Vignoli Giulio , Hansen Thomas Mejer , Vu Le Thanh , Keefer Donald A. , Jørgensen Flemming 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Most studies on the application of geostatistical simulations based on multiple-point statistics (MPS) to hydrogeological modelling focus on relatively fine-scale models and concentrate on the estimation of facies-level structural uncertainty. Much less attention is paid to the use of input data and optimal construction of training images. For instance, even though the training image should capture a set of spatial geological characteristics to guide the simulations, the majority of the research still relies on 2-D or quasi-3-D training images. In the present study, we demonstrate a novel strategy for 3-D MPS modelling characterized by (i) realistic 3-D training images and (ii) an effective workflow for incorporating a diverse group of geological and geophysical data sets. The study covers an area of 2810 km2 in the southern part of Denmark. MPS simulations are performed on a subset of the geological succession (the lower to middle Miocene sediments) which is characterized by relatively uniform structures and dominated by sand and clay. The simulated domain is large and each of the geostatistical realizations contains approximately 45 million voxels with size 100 m  ×  100 m  ×  5 m. Data used for the modelling include water well logs, high-resolution seismic data, and a previously published 3-D geological model. We apply a series of different strategies for the simulations based on data quality, and develop a novel method to effectively create observed spatial trends. The training image is constructed as a relatively small 3-D voxel model covering an area of 90 km2. We use an iterative training image development strategy and find that even slight modifications in the training image create significant changes in simulations. Thus, this study shows how to include both the geological environment and the type and quality of input information in order to achieve optimal results from MPS modelling. We present a practical workflow to build the training image and effectively handle different types of input information to perform large-scale geostatistical modelling.
Using street view imagery for 3-D survey of rock slope failures
Authors: Voumard Jérémie , Abellán Antonio , Nicolet Pierrick , Penna Ivanna , Chanut Marie-Aurélie , Derron Marc-Henri , Jaboyedoff Michel 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. We discuss here different challenges and limitations of surveying rock slope failures using 3-D reconstruction from image sets acquired from street view imagery (SVI). We show how rock slope surveying can be performed using two or more image sets using online imagery with photographs from the same site but acquired at different instances. Three sites in the French alps were selected as pilot study areas: (1) a cliff beside a road where a protective wall collapsed, consisting of two image sets (60 and 50 images in each set) captured within a 6-year time frame; (2) a large-scale active landslide located on a slope at 250 m from the road, using seven image sets (50 to 80 images per set) from five different time periods with three image sets for one period; (3) a cliff over a tunnel which has collapsed, using two image sets captured in a 4-year time frame. The analysis include the use of different structure from motion (SfM) programs and a comparison between the extracted photogrammetric point clouds and a lidar-derived mesh that was used as a ground truth. Results show that both landslide deformation and estimation of fallen volumes were clearly identified in the different point clouds. Results are site- and software-dependent, as a function of the image set and number of images, with model accuracies ranging between 0.2 and 3.8 m in the best and worst scenario, respectively. Although some limitations derived from the generation of 3-D models from SVI were observed, this approach allowed us to obtain preliminary 3-D models of an area without on-field images, allowing extraction of the pre-failure topography that would not be available otherwise.
Special Edition: Corruption Downunder - Guest Editors’ Introduction
Authors: Poynting Scott , Whyte David 
Published: December 2017

This special issue gathers and enlarges upon papers that were first presented at the interdisciplinary ‘Corruption Downunder’ symposium held at the University of Auckland in November 2015; most of the papers published here stem from the lively and collegial discussions at the symposium. At that time New Zealand was authoritatively measured (by Transparency International) to be Number 2 ‘least corrupt’ nation in the world; it is now tied at Number 1 with Denmark. What this rank, as measured by Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), actually counts for is something that we explore in this special issue. On the face of it, it would seem perverse to be focusing on corruption in such a place as New Zealand. With its larger northern neighbour Australia listed at a respectable 11th out of 175 that same year (2014 data), why would a bunch of academics want to engage in serious discussions about the problem of corruption ‘downunder’? New Zealand has never been ranked outside of the top four, and has been ranked Number 1 in a total of 12 out of 22 years since the survey began. Australia is generally ranked in the top ten and has never been out of the top 13 least corrupt countries since the survey began.
To access the full text of the introducton to this special issue on corruption downunder, download the accompanying PDF file.
Wear rate and medium-term survival of a cemented, moderately cross-linked polyethylene acetabular prosthesis
Authors: Barkatali Bilal M. , Alexander Dinesh P. , Gambhir Anil K. , Wynn Jones Henry , Board Tim N. 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: The moderately cross-linked Depuy Marathon® cemented acetabular component was introduced into the UK in 2007. The wear rate for the previously introduced Marathon® uncemented acetabular component has been reported to range from 0.06 to 0.01 mm/year. The aim of this study was to present the medium-term results and wear rate of the Marathon® cemented prosthesis used in primary total hip arthroplasty. Methods: 103 Marathon® cemented acetabular components were implanted between 2008 and 2009 in primary arthroplasty, who were eligible for this study. All patients received a metal 28-mm head. Mean age was 68 years (range 27-87). Mean clinical follow-up was 55 months (range 50-61). Mean radiological follow-up was 46 months (range 24-57). Wear was calculated on AP radiographs using computer-assisted uni-radiographic technique. Results: The mean wear was 0.37 mm (range 0.0-0.78 mm). The wear rate was calculated as 0.03 mm/year (95% confidence interval 0.02-0.06). Postoperative complications included deep vein thrombosis (2%) and dislocation (0.8%); there were no deep infections. There were no revisions for failure of the Marathon® cemented acetabular component. Conclusions: The Marathon® cemented acetabular component demonstrates satisfactory wear rates and survivorship at medium-term follow-up.
Systematic review: lack of evidence for the success of revision arthroplasty outcome in younger patients
Authors: Schmitz Marloes W.J.L. , Timmer Carla , Hannink Gerjon , Schreurs Berend W. 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Total hip arthroplasties (THAs) in younger patients are becoming increasingly popular. However, the outcome of subsequent revisions in younger patients is not well known and, therefore, their success (subsequent revision prosthesis survival) might be overestimated. We investigated available data on the outcome of primary- and subsequent revision THAs performed in the same cohort of patients who underwent primary THA under the age of 50. Methods: Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) were searched up until April 13, 2016 for studies that reported both the survival of primary and subsequent revisions THA of single cohorts of patients younger than 50. Eligible articles had to include Kaplan Meier analysis or competing risk analysis for survival of the primary THA at a mean follow-up of 10 years, as well as for the subsequent revision THA within the same cohort. Results: We found 4,799 unique records; 43 of which were potentially eligible. Only 1 paper met our inclusion criteria. It reported on the survival of 69 primary prostheses at a mean of more than 10 years follow-up and 13 subsequent revisions. Conclusions: There is a clear lack of evidence about the outcomes of the revision arthroplasty in younger patients. Only 1 study reported the survival-rate of subsequent revision arthroplasty with the minimum 10-year survival rate of the original THA cohort. In the future, this serious lack of knowledge could result in a large number of patients with no further reconstructive options after failed THA, and a large medical burden for society.
Experience and outcome data of the British non-arthroplasty hip registry
Authors: Humphrey Joel A. , George Marc D. , Bankes Marcus J.K. 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: The non-arthroplasty hip registry (NAHR) is a United Kingdom national register that monitors the efficacy of hip preservation surgery. We aim to highlight early experiences of incorporating the NAHR into our practice at a tertiary centre. Methods: Between December 2013 and February 2015, 381 patients were identified on the NAHR database that had undergone non-arthroplasty hip surgery. Patient-related outcome measures EuroQuol 5D-5L (EQ-5D) and the International Hip Outcome Tool 12 (iHOT-12) were recorded at baseline and 6 months. Results: The 289 arthroscopic surgeries showed a statistical significant difference (p<0.05) in iHOT-12 for both males (45.21-65.07) and females (34.57 to 55.53), and in EQ-5D for both males (0.59-0.75) and females (0.56-0.65). The 92 open procedures showed a statistical significant difference (p<0.05) in both iHOT-12 (31.71-62.42) and EQ-5D (0.54-0.68). Conclusions: Overall our results from the NAHR indicate hip preservation surgery is effective at relieving pain and improving quality of life in the short term.
The cardiotomy reservoir – a preliminary evaluation of a new cell source for cardiovascular tissue engineering
Authors: von Nathusius Sophie , König Fabian , Sodian Ralf , Born Frank , Hagl Christian , Thierfelder Nikolaus 
Published: December 2017

Objectives: Cell sources for cardiovascular tissue engineering (TE) are scant. However, the need for an ideal TE cardiovascular implant persists. We investigated the cardiotomy reservoir (CR) as a potential cell source that is more accessible and less ethically problematic. Methods: CR (n = 10) were removed from the bypass system after surgery. Isolation was performed using different isolation methods: blood samples were taken from the cardiopulmonary bypass and centrifuged at low density. The venous filter screen was cut out and placed into petri dishes for cultivation. The spongelike filter was removed, washed and treated in the same way as the blood samples. After cultivation, cell lines of fibroblasts (FB) and endothelial cells (EC) were obtained for analysis. The cells were seeded on polyurethane patches and analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Life/Dead assay and immunohistochemistry. Results: No correlation between age, time of surgery and quality of cells was observed. The successful extraction of FB and was proven by positive staining results for TE-7, CD31 and vWF. Cell morphology, cytoskeleton staining and quantification of proliferation using WST-1 assay resembled the cells of the control group in all ways. The topography of a confluent and vital cell layer after cell seeding was displayed by SEM analysis, Life/Dead Assay and immunohistochemistry. The establishment of an extracellular matrix (ECM) was proven by positive staining for collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin and elastin. Conclusions: Viable FB and EC cell lines were extracted from the CR after surgery. Easy access and high availability make this cell source destined for widespread application in cardiovascular tissue engineering.
Radiation suppresses neointimal hyperplasia through affecting proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Yuan Liqin , Shu Chang , Zhou Xiao , Li Jiehua , Wang Lunchang , Li Xin , Xiong Xiang , Li Lun 
Published: December 2017

Purpose: To study the effect of x-ray radiotherapy on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and elucidate the mechanisms in preventing neointimal hyperplasia of prosthetic vascular grafts. Materials and methods: In model I, twelve mongrel dogs underwent revascularization with prosthetic grafts and half the dogs underwent irradiation of the grafts at 28 Gy. In model II, human VSMCs (hVSMCs) were maintained and divided into six groups to which external radiation was applied at six different doses: 0 Gy, 2 Gy, 8 Gy, 16 Gy, 24 Gy and 30 Gy. In both models, specimens were harvested and examined by using morphological, immunological, cellular and molecular methods. Results: After irradiation, the neointima thickness was significantly lower in irradiated groups (p≤0.01). The radiotherapy could up-regulate p27kip1, and down-regulate proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and S phase kinase associated protein 2 (Skp2). X-ray irradiation inhibits the proliferation of hVSMCs via acting on G1/S phase of cell cycle. The apoptosis of hVSMCs increased significantly with dose and time. The expression of PCNA and Skp2 were decreased after a first increasing trend with dose, but had a significant negative correlation with time. The expression of p27kip1 had a significant positive correlation with dose and time. Conclusions: Postoperative external fractionated irradiation after prosthetic vessel replacement of the abdominal aorta suppressed the development of hyperplasia in the graft neointima in the short term. There was a prominent time- and dose-dependent inhibition of VSMC proliferation by radiation when it was administered.
The Post-Truth About Philosophy and Rhetoric
Authors: Fuller Steve 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
This fiftieth anniversary reflection begins by recalling a debate on its pages about the origins of rhetoric, which queried the relationship between Plato and the Sophists. I argue that contrary to the shared assumption of the scholars in this debate, Plato and the Sophists differed less over what counts as good philosophical/rhetorical practice than over whether its access should be free or restricted. An implication of this proposed shift in interpretation is that Plato and the Sophists are both reasonably seen as “post-truth” thinkers, concerned more with the mix of chance and skill in the construction of truth than with the truth as such. Focusing on Plato's hostility to playwrights, I argue that at stake is control over “modal power,” which is ultimately about defining the sphere of what is possible in society. I end with a brief discussion of the problematic of public relations as an ongoing contemporary version of much the same story.
Premieres Unpleasant: How the Infamous Debut of Shelley's The Cenci Helped Make Shaw a Playwright
Authors: Armstrong James 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Percy Bysshe Shelley's drama The Cenci premiered in 1886, with a young Bernard Shaw handling press relations. This production helped to shape Shaw as a playwright, firing him up with a new realization of the potential for serious drama. At the same time, the perceived failure of the play guided Shaw away from certain false paths, helping to steer him toward the creation of his first three “unpleasant plays”: Widowers Houses, The Philanderer, and Mrs. Warren's Profession. While composing these three plays, Shaw wrestled with Shelley, dealing with aesthetic issues as well as moral ones. Ultimately, Shaw was able to create a new type of drama in direct response to his early experience with The Cenci. Though Shaw himself recognized the influence The Cenci had on his work, the impact of Shelley's play has been underappreciated.
A Rendezvous in Beijing: Young Marshal Chang Hsiao Liang and Bernard Shaw
Authors: Li Kay 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
This article focuses on the meeting between Bernard Shaw and the famous “Young Marshal” (so-named) Chang Hsiao Liang in February 1933 in Beijing, and how that meeting was constructed into Chinese political and military history. In meeting Chang, Shaw became part of the Young Marshal's strategic move to advocate the need to fight Japanese aggression in China. Chang Hsiao Liang was the number two political and military leader in China at that time, and was advocating using Chinese military forces to fight Japanese aggression, while the number one leader, Chiang Kai-shek, wanted instead to encircle communist forces under Mao Zedong. In meeting Shaw, Chang could leverage on the Nobel Laureate's international stature to further his political agenda.
GBS and the USA: The Beginnings of the Beginning
Authors: Conolly L. W. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
The beginning of Shaw's serious engagement with America and Americans is normally associated with Richard Mansfield's production of Arms and the Man at New York's Herald Square Theatre on 17 September 1894. While it is true, as one of Mansfield's biographers put it, that prior to Mansfield's Arms and the Man Shaw was merely “a small speck on the horizon” for most Americans, a reexamination of several secondary sources and new evidence from previously unexplored manuscript sources reveal that Shaw's interest in America had started to take shape long before 1894. This article argues that Shaw's early encounters with American social and political values laid the foundation for his subsequent and frequent condemnations of American society.
A 2001 Letter from Thom Steinbeck to Stephen L. Hauk
Authors: Hauk Steve , Ray William 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Around the year 2000, Thomas and Gail Steinbeck consigned a painting by William Ward Beecher to Hauk Fine Arts, located in Pacific Grove, not far from Holman's, the department store made famous by John Steinbeck in Cannery Row. As Steve Hauk explains, it was a portrait of John Steinbeck's two sons, Thom and his younger brother John, painted outdoors, “the boys looking like characters out of Mark Twain.” Steve asked Thom for his memories of sitting for the painting, and Thom recalled the event vividly.