bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of serum proteome in congenital scoliosis patients with TBX6 haploinsufficiency – a first report pointing to lipid metabolism
Authors: Zhu Qiankun , Wu Nan , Liu Gang , Zhou Yangzhong , Liu Sen , Chen Jun , Liu Jiaqi , Zuo Yuzhi , Liu Zhenlei , Chen Weisheng , Chen Yixin , Chen Jia , Lin Mao , Zhao Yanxue , Yang Yang , Wang Shensgru , Yang Xu , Ma Yufen , Wang Jian , Chen Xiaoli , Zhang Jianguo , Shen Jianxiong , Wu Zhihong , Qiu Guixing 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCongenital scoliosis (CS) is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine affecting quality of life. We have demonstrated TBX6 haploinsufficiency is the most important contributor to CS. However, the pathophysiology at the protein level remains unclear. Therefore, this study was to explore the differential proteome in serum of CS patients with TBX6 haploinsufficiency. Sera from nine CS patients with TBX6 haploinsufficiency and nine age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls were collected and analysed by isobaric tagged relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labelling coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). In total, 277 proteins were detected and 20 proteins were designated as differentially expressed proteins, which were submitted to subsequent bioinformatics analysis. Gene Ontology classification analysis showed the biological process was primarily related to ‘cellular process’, molecular function ‘structural molecule activity’ and cellular component ‘extracellular region’. IPA analysis revealed ‘LXR/RXR activation’ was the top pathway, which is a crucial pathway in lipid metabolism. Hierarchical clustering analysis generated two clusters. In summary, this study is the first proteomic research to delineate the total and differential serum proteins in TBX6 haploinsufficiency‐caused CS. The proteins discovered in this experiment may serve as potential biomarkers for CS, and lipid metabolism might play important roles in the pathogenesis of CS.
Concluding Early Agreements in the EU: A Double Principal‐Agent Analysis of Trilogue Negotiations
Authors: Delreux Tom , Laloux Thomas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractApplying a principal‐agent perspective on trilogue negotiations, this article examines how the rapporteur and the Presidency, as agents of respectively the European Parliament and the Council, are able to reach a deal with their fellow agent while avoiding an involuntary defection among their principals. Despite these intra‐ and inter‐institutional constraints, early agreements can be concluded because agents execute two parallel tasks on behalf of their principals: representing them inter‐institutionally and acting as the deal‐facilitator intra‐institutionally. We identify three ways in which the agents can combine these two acts of delegation and conclude an early agreement: (1) creating a tied‐hand situation for themselves; (2) affecting the intra‐institutional coalition formation by bringing in allies from the other institution; and (3) actively searching for signals from the principals and the fellow agent on the zone of possible agreement. We illustrate these dynamics through a case study of the policy‐making process on the 2015 Decision on the Market Stability Reserve.
Olfactory Dysfunction Predicts Subsequent Dementia in Older U.S. Adults
Authors: Adams Dara R. , Kern David W. , Wroblewski Kristen E. , McClintock Martha K. , Dale William , Pinto Jayant M. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between olfactory dysfunction and subsequent diagnosis of dementia.DesignLongitudinal study of a population representative of U.S. older adults.SettingHome interviews (National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project).ParticipantsMen and women aged 57 to 85 (N = 2,906).MeasurementsObjective odor identification ability was measured at baseline using a validated five‐item test. Five years later, the respondent, or a proxy if the respondent was too sick to interview or had died, reported physician diagnosis of dementia. The association between baseline olfactory dysfunction and an interval dementia diagnosis was tested using multivariate logistic regression, controlling for age, sex, race and ethnicity, education, comorbidities (modified Charlson Comorbidity Index), and cognition at baseline (Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire).ResultsOlder adults with olfactory dysfunction had more than twice the odds of having developed dementia 5 years later (odds ratio = 2.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.32–3.43), controlling for the above covariates. Having more odor identification errors was associated with greater probability of an interval dementia diagnosis (P = .04, 1‐degree of freedom linear‐trend test).ConclusionWe show for the first time in a nationally representative sample that home‐dwelling older adults with normal cognition and difficulty identifying odors face higher odds of being diagnosed with dementia 5 years later, independent of other significant risk factors. This validated five‐item odor identification test is an efficient, low‐cost component of the physical examination that can provide useful information while assessing individuals’ risk of dementia. Use of such testing may provide an opportunity for early interventions to reduce the attendant morbidity and public health burden of dementia.
Agency, Firm Growth, and Managerial Turnover
Authors: ANDERSON RONALD W. , BUSTAMANTE M. CECILIA , GUIBAUD STÉPHANE , ZERVOS MIHAIL 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTWe study managerial incentive provision under moral hazard when growth opportunities arrive stochastically and pursuing them requires a change in management. A trade‐off arises between the benefit of always having the “right” manager and the cost of incentive provision. The prospect of growth‐induced turnover limits the firm's ability to rely on deferred pay, resulting in more front‐loaded compensation. The optimal contract may insulate managers from the risk of growth‐induced dismissal after periods of good performance. The evidence for the United States broadly supports the model's predictions: Firms with better growth prospects experience higher CEO turnover and use more front‐loaded compensation.
Diet quality in patients with end‐stage kidney disease undergoing dialysis
Authors: Roach Lauren A. , Lambert Kelly , Holt Jane L. , Meyer Barbara J. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYBackgroundPeople on haemodialysis (HD) are at risk of consuming a poor quality diet. This includes inadequate intake of omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LCPUFA).ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate diet quality, with a particular focus on n‐3 LCPUFA intake, in a population of incentre HD patients.DesignDietary intake was measured using three 24 hour recalls; the Polyunsaturated food frequency questionnaire (PUFA FFQ) and the Total Diet Score (TDS). Dietary intake was also compared to evidence based practice guidelines (EBPG). Nutritional status was assessed using the Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG SGA).SubjectsA total of 32 dialysis patients were recruited, from two regional HD centres in New South Wales, Australia.Main Outcome MeasureDiet quality was the main outcome measure.ResultsDiet quality of study participants was poor, with the majority not meeting the EBPG for energy, protein and potassium. All participants exceeded the recommended amount of saturated fat. The mean TDS of the dialysis cohort was 10.2, which was significantly higher than the TDS of 9.3 of a healthy disease free cohort (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were found between TDS and LC omega‐3 intake (r = 0.392) and TDS and total omega‐6 intake (r = 0.363). Only 22% of participants met the suggested dietary target for n‐3 LCPUFA intake.ConclusionDialysis patients in this study had suboptimal diet quality. Improvements are required for better adherence to the EBPG. Increased consumption of n‐3 LCPUFA fatty acids may also be of benefit.
Effect of the use of earplugs and eye mask on the quality of sleep in intensive care patients: a systematic review
Authors: Locihová Hana , Axmann Karel , Padyšáková Hana , Fejfar Jakub 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYIntensive care unit (ICU) environment has a very strong and unavoidable negative impact on patients' sleep. Sleep deprivation in ICU patients has been already studied and negative effects on their outcome (prolonged ICU stay, decreased recovery) and complication rates (incidence of delirium, neuropsychological sequels of critical illness) discussed. Several interventions potentially improving the sleep disturbance in ICU (sleep‐promotion strategies) have been assumed and tested for clinical practice. We present a review of recent literature focused on chosen types of non‐pharmacological interventions (earplugs and eye mask) analysing their effect on sleep quality/quantity. From the total amount of 82 papers found in biomedical databases (CINAHL, PubMed and SCOPUS) we included the 19 most eligible studies meeting defined inclusion/exclusion criteria involving 1 379 participants. Both experimental and clinical trials, either ICU and non‐ICU patient populations were analysed in the review. Most of the reviewed studies showed a significant improvement of subjective sleep quality when using described non‐pharmacological interventions (objective parameters were not significantly validated). Measuring the sleep quality is a major concern limiting the objective comparison of the studies’ results since non‐standardised (and mainly individual) tools for sleep quality assessment were used. Despite the heterogeneity of analysed studies and some common methodological issues (sample size, design, outcome parameters choice and comparison) earplugs and eye mask showed potential positive effects on sleep quality and the incidence of delirium in ICU patients.
En Hommage: The Contributions of I. William Zartman
Authors: Crump Larry , Terrence Hopmann P. , Lyons Terrence , Spector Bertram 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this tribute to the 2001 International Association for Conflict Management Lifetime Achievement Award recipient, we recognize and celebrate the work of I. William (Bill) Zartman—a prolific scholar who has offered understanding and insight about conflict, negotiation, and peace throughout a remarkable career. We specifically highlight Zartman's substantial contribution to scholarship, knowledge, and understanding in four areas: international negotiation; negotiation and conflict in Africa; negotiation complexity and its analysis; and his work as a teacher and educator. The article closes by providing Bill Zartman with an opportunity to reflect and impart words of wisdom to negotiation and conflict management students and scholars.
Educating Negotiators: Using Theory, Practice, Case Studies, and Simulations in an Integrated Learning Experience
Authors: Fisher Joshua , Fisher‐Yoshida Beth 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn the past 40 years, negotiation studies have become increasingly available and sought after across college campuses. While there is widespread agreement on the prominent role negotiation plays in education, in the workplace, in public policy, and in other fields, there remains a lack of consensus on pedagogies and teaching models that effectively train students and practitioners in the various aspects of negotiation, ranging from pre‐intervention assessment, to effective bargaining, dialogue, and facilitation, to evaluating procedural and distributive outcomes. In order to synthesize distinct disciplinary approaches and skill/content areas into an integrated pedagogical model, this article describes a negotiation simulation designed to incorporate skill building, process management, conflict analysis, and conflict management tools. The model incorporates equal emphasis on theoretical frameworks and understanding, self‐awareness training for facilitators, social network and stakeholder analysis for negotiation preparation, participatory analytical and discursive process management, and developing metrics for monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment.
Three AtCesA6‐like members enhance biomass production by distinctively promoting cell growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hu Huizhen , Zhang Ran , Feng Shengqiu , Wang Youmei , Wang Yanting , Fan Chunfen , Li Ying , Liu Zengyu , Schneider René , Xia Tao , Ding Shi‐You , Persson Staffan , Peng Liangcai 
Published: September 2017

SummaryCellulose is an abundant biopolymer and a prominent constituent of plant cell walls. Cellulose is also a central component to plant morphogenesis and contributes the bulk of a plant's biomass. While cellulose synthase (CesA) genes were identified over two decades ago, genetic manipulation of this family to enhance cellulose production has remained difficult. In this study, we show that increasing the expression levels of the three primary cell wall AtCesA6‐like genes (AtCesA2, AtCesA5, AtCesA6), but not AtCesA3, AtCesA9 or secondary cell wall AtCesA7, can promote the expression of major primary wall CesA genes to accelerate primary wall CesA complex (cellulose synthase complexes, CSCs) particle movement for acquiring long microfibrils and consequently increasing cellulose production in Arabidopsis transgenic lines, as compared with wild‐type. The overexpression transgenic lines displayed changes in expression of genes related to cell growth and proliferation, perhaps explaining the enhanced growth of the transgenic seedlings. Notably, overexpression of the three AtCesA6‐like genes also enhanced secondary cell wall deposition that led to improved mechanical strength and higher biomass production in transgenic mature plants. Hence, we propose that overexpression of certain AtCesA genes can provide a biotechnological approach to increase cellulose synthesis and biomass accumulation in transgenic plants.
MuMADS1 and MaOFP1 regulate fruit quality in a tomato ovate mutant
Authors: Liu Juhua , Zhang Jing , Wang Jingyi , Zhang Jianbin , Miao Hongxia , Jia Caihong , Wang Zhuo , Xu Biyu , Jin Zhiqiang 
Published: September 2017

SummaryFruit ripening and quality are common botanical phenomena that are closely linked and strictly regulated by transcription factors. It was previously discovered that a banana MADS‐box protein named MuMADS1 interacted with an ovate family protein named MaOFP1 to regulate banana fruit ripening. To further investigate the role of MuMADS1 and MaOFP1 in the regulation of fruit quality, a combination of genetic transformation and transcriptional characterization was used. The results indicated that the co‐expression of MuMADS1 and MaOFP1 in the ovate mutant could compensate for fruit shape and inferior qualities relating to fruit firmness, soluble solids and sugar content. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was 1395 in WT vs. ovate, with 883 up‐regulated and 512 down‐regulated genes, while the numbers of DEGs gradually decreased with the transformation of MuMADS1 and MaOFP1 into ovate. ‘Starch and sucrose metabolism’ constituted the primary metabolic pathway, and the gene numbers in this pathway were obviously different when MuMADS1 and MaOFP1 were integrated into ovate. A series of metabolic genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis were up‐regulated in the WT vs. ovate, which probably resulted in the firmer texture and lower sugar contents in the ovate fruit. These results demonstrate that MuMADS1 and MaOFP1 are coregulators of fruit quality, facilitating the dissection of the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit quality formation.
Uptake of nitrogen and production of kainic acid by laboratory culture of the red alga Digenea simplex
Authors: Jiang Shanshan , Kuwano Kazuyoshi , Nishihara Gregory N. , Urata Chisato , Shimoda Ryusuke , Takatani Tomohiro , Arakawa Osamu 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYThe red alga Digenea simplex was cultured with various culture media to clarify the nutritional conditions to produce kainic acid (KA). Unlike the domoic acid‐producing red alga Chondria armata, D. simplex was insensitive to excessive manganese, and grew best (mean growth rate approximately 800% for 25 days) in modified PES medium (mPES; seawater + nitrate, phosphate, iron, trace metals, vitamins, and 2‐[4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1‐piperazinyl]‐ ethanesulfonic acid) prepared with autoclaved seawater. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis of the algal extracts revealed that the KA content of the explants cultured with mPES or N·P·Fe medium (seawater + nitrate, phosphate, and iron) was somewhat higher than that of wild specimens (1748–2378 μg g−1 vs 1562 μg g−1). The 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the KA extracted and purified from pooled explants was indistinguishable from the previously reported KA spectrum. When D. simplex was cultured for 6 weeks with medium in which NaNO3 of mPES was replaced by Na15NO3, the ratio of 214KA to total measured KA (totalKA = 213KA + 214KA) in the cultured explants (0.1 at the beginning of culture) gradually increased to 2.5, indicating that D. simplex produces KA in proportion to its growth under the condition in which sufficient nitrogen source is available.
Enlisting the Public in Facilitating Election Administration: A Field Experiment
Authors: Menger Andrew , Stein Robert M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe proliferation of election reforms poses a challenge for local election officials (LEOs) charged with conducting elections. To meet this challenge, LEOs attempt to communicate, inform, and persuade voters how to cast their ballots in a manner that is efficient and effective for both the voter and the administrator. This article examines the effects of efforts by LEOs to persuade voters to return mailed ballots before Election Day and in person in order to facilitate the efficient administration of vote‐by‐mail elections in Colorado. Field experiments testing the efficacy of alternative messages find that many messages have no effect on the timing or method of ballot return. Messaging that focuses on LEOs' responsiveness to voters' demands is most effective at steering voters to return their mailed ballots in person but results in later ballot returns.
Social Equity and Evidence: Insights from Local Government
Authors: Gooden Susan T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article examines the role of evidence‐based decision making in social equity, with a particular focus on local government. It offers an assessment of the past, present, and future of such efforts by engaging themes from Matias Valenzuela's article based on King County, Washington. King County is one of more than 70 local governments that are members of the Government Alliance on Race and Equity, a growing national network of governments using an evidence‐based approach to achieve racial equity. In general, previous social equity measures have focused largely on measuring the extent to which disparities exist. More recently, tools and resources have become available to assist local governments in designing and evaluating their approach and performance in reducing social inequities. Future evidence should include more standardized measures to benchmark success, provide comparative analysis, and better support the identification of best practices.
Hepatitis E virus and related viruses in wild, domestic and zoo animals: A review
Authors: Spahr C. , Knauf‐Witzens T. , Vahlenkamp T. , Ulrich R. G. , Johne R. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryHepatitis E is a human disease mainly characterized by acute liver illness, which is caused by infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV). Large hepatitis E outbreaks have been described in developing countries; however, the disease is also increasingly recognized in industrialized countries. Mortality rates up to 25% have been described for pregnant women during outbreaks in developing countries. In addition, chronic disease courses could be observed in immunocompromised transplant patients. Whereas the HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are mainly confined to humans, genotypes 3 and 4 are also found in animals and can be zoonotically transmitted to humans. Domestic pig and wild boar represent the most important reservoirs for these genotypes. A distinct subtype of genotype 3 has been repeatedly detected in rabbits and a few human patients. Recently, HEV genotype 7 has been identified in dromedary camels and in an immunocompromised transplant patient. The reservoir animals get infected with HEV without showing any clinical symptoms. Besides these well‐known animal reservoirs, HEV‐specific antibodies and/or the genome of HEV or HEV‐related viruses have also been detected in many other animal species, including primates, other mammals and birds. In particular, genotypes 3 and 4 infections are documented in many domestic, wildlife and zoo animal species. In most cases, the presence of HEV in these animals can be explained by spillover infections, but a risk of virus transmission through contact with humans cannot be excluded. This review gives a general overview on the transmission pathways of HEV to humans. It particularly focuses on reported serological and molecular evidence of infections in wild, domestic and zoo animals with HEV or HEV‐related viruses. The role of these animals for transmission of HEV to humans and other animals is discussed.
Attitudes and Self-Efficacy of Arabic-speaking Physical Education Teachers in Israel toward Including Children with Disabilities
Authors: Hutzler Yeshayahu , Daniel-Shama Einas 
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes and self-efficacy (SE) of physical education (PE) teachers in the Arabic-speaking educational sector in Israel toward including children with disability in their classes, utilizing translated questionnaires. The specific goals were (a) to describe the structure and internal consistency of the responses to the Attitudes Toward Inclusion in Physical Education (ATIPE) and Situation Specific Self-Efficacy (SE-ASPE) questionnaires of an Arabic-speaking PE teachers' sample, (b) to assess the effect of selected background variables on attitudes and SE in the study population, (c) to determine the association between SE and attitudes toward including children with disabilities in PE in the study population, and (d) to describe the differences in PE teachers' SE toward including children with different disabilities. The results indicated a bi-dimensional factor structure of the ATIPE and an unidimensional structure of each of the SE-ASPE subscales: intellectual disability (ID), physical disability (PD), and visual impairment (VI), and confirmed an internal reliability. The impact of background variables on attitudes and SE indicated that females had more favorable attitudes and SE than males, age had a small significant impact, training, and experience in inclusion of children with disability had a significant impact. Finally, it was found that the SE toward including children with VI was lower than toward ID and PD. Based on our findings it can be recommended that the training processes be strengthened, and include continuous education workshops on inclusion with an emphasis on VI.