bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smartphone addiction and its correlation with academic performance in high school adolescents: An observational study
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Gupta Alpa , Jaiswal Ashvita 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
The widespread use of smartphones, particularly among youth, has raised concerns about smartphone addiction and its adverse effects on physical activity and academic performance. This study conducted in Uttarakhand investigates the frequency of smartphone addiction and its influence on academic performance in high school adolescents, with implications amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic’s increased smartphone reliance on education.

Objectives:
This research aims to (a) assess the prevalence of smartphone addiction, (b) correlate addiction levels with academic performance, and (c) scrutinize the influence of daily smartphone usage on scholastic outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional observational study involved 331 students aged 12–17 in Dehradun, India. Data collection employed self-administered questionnaires comprising demographic parameters, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and self-reported academic results. Statistical analysis utilized nonparametric tests, the Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and Spearman rank correlation. Statistical significance was set at a P < 0.05.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 14.60 ± 1.2 years and an equitable gender distribution. Most attended Classes 8 and 9, with parents typically well-educated and employed. Notably, most students 224 (67.7%) borrowed smartphones rather than owning them 97 (29.3%). Daily smartphone usage averaged 2.27 ± 1.34 h, with video watching 97 (29.3%), music listening 91 (27.5%), and social media engagement 84 (25.4%) as common activities. Sixty-eight (20.5%) of students showed smartphone addiction, but this addiction did not significantly correlate with academic performance. Nevertheless, a negative correlation was observed between time spent on smartphones and academic marks (r = −0.198, P < 0.000), underscoring the importance of interventions to manage smartphone usage.

Conclusions:
Although many school-going adolescents exhibit some level of smartphone addiction, this study did not find a substantial correlation between smartphone addiction and academic achievement. However, it emphasized the significance of addressing and moderating the time spent on smartphones to optimize academic outcomes.
Metabolic and Hormonal Parameters in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-sectional, Multicenter Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Shefin Sultana Marufa , Sobhan Rezwana , Qureshi Nazmul Kabir 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women globally, characterized by metabolic, hormonal, and reproductive disturbances. This study aims to elucidate the specific metabolic and hormonal intricacies of PCOS within the Bangladeshi demographic, addressing a noticeable dearth of comprehensive investigations in this population.Methodology:A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Endocrine Department of Ibn Sina Medical College Hospital and the National Healthcare Network Uttara Executive Center from January 2022 to March 2023. The study included 237 participants diagnosed with PCOS based on the modified Rotterdam criteria. Data collection encompassed demographic details, clinical parameters, and laboratory investigations recorded systematically through history taking, physical examinations, and laboratory analyses. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Analysis Software Studio Version.Results:The study revealed a mean age of 25.1 years among 237 participants, with 70.5% married and 33.5% having children. Hormonal assessments uncovered intriguing patterns, including elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and an increased LH: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio. Weight distribution highlighted a significant association between obesity and fatty liver. Despite an elevation in thyroid-stimulating hormone levels among obese PCOS individuals, FSH, LH, and testosterone levels showed no significant differences between obese and nonobese groups.Conclusion:In-depth analysis of metabolic and hormonal parameters in Bangladeshi PCOS patients contributes to the global understanding of PCOS, while offering insights specific to this demographic. The study has implications for tailored therapeutic interventions and refined diagnostic criteria, potentially improving clinical outcomes for individuals affected by PCOS in Bangladesh and beyond.
Binocular Vision Status in Coal Miners
Authors: Mondal Animesh , Karmakar Sourav , Khan Eram , Bhardwaj Gaurav K. , Ahuja Ayushi 
Published: September 2024

Context:
Low light in mines can cause ocular problems such as binocular vision impairment and poor hand–eye coordination. These eye diseases must be monitored.

Aims:
To evaluate the binocular vision status of coal mine workers.

Settings and Design:
This was a prospective cross-sectional study of the coal mining industry in Digwadih, Jharkhand.

Methods and Material:
In the present study, 134 coal miners underwent a thorough, comprehensive ocular examination and binocular vision evaluation; seventy were excluded because of ocular disorders. After discussing the goals of the study, the subjects provided signed informed consent. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The normality of the data was then verified using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.

Results:
All participants were male and aged between 25 and 35 years. Nonstrabismus binocular vision dysfunctions (NSBVDs) were observed in coal miners. Convergence insufficiency was the most prevalent factor. Apart from the NSBVD, many coal miners have a chalazion with the highest percentile of 11.2.

Conclusions:
Poor mine lighting causes NSBVD, which affects miners’ vision. Binocular vision defects may reduce productivity if not detected or treated.
Late Onset of Renal Abscess Mimicking Malignancy in a Retransplant Female
Authors: Sundar Divya , Mathew Milly , Ramani Balaji , Abraham Georgi , Kumar Sunil 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA 67-year-old female, a retransplanted kidney recipient from her daughter in 2012 on triple immunosuppressants with chronic kidney disease Stage IIIb, presented with fever, loss of appetite, right iliac fossa pain, and tiredness for 2 weeks. Her first kidney transplant was done in 1998 with external iliac vessels being used for the anastomosis. She is a diabetic, hypertensive, hypothyroid, and post-COVID status who had previously recurrent urinary tract infections since 2022. She was found to have a right iliac fossa mass at the site of the first kidney transplant, which was tender. Imaging including ultrasound and positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed a metabolically active right iliac fossa mass infiltrating the anterior abdominal wall. Surgery revealed a mass and on histopathology revealed a renal abscess which grew Candida ciferrii and tissue culture grew Enterobacter cloacae. She was treated with injection levofloxacin and tablet posaconazole and she recovered. This patient was presented for the interesting finding of coinfection in the late posttransplant period.
Comparative Efficacy of Lorazepam and Risperidone in Hospitalized Cannabis-induced Psychotic Disorder
Authors: Jhalli Arshdeep , Sidana Ajeet , Arora Prinka 
Published: September 2024

Background:
There is a lack of a standardized treatment protocol for cannabis-induced psychotic disorder (CIPD). Current practice involves using antipsychotics and benzodiazepines concurrently for treating CIPD.

Aim:
The index study aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of lorazepam against risperidone in patients with CIPD.

Methods:
Hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of CIPD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition were randomized to receive either lorazepam or risperidone orally. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Cannabis Withdrawal Scale, and the Marijuana Craving Questionnaire were administered at baseline and daily to assess the improvement in psychopathology, withdrawal, and craving over a period of 10 days. Monitoring was also done for any adverse effects associated with treatment.

Results:
A total of 40 patients with a diagnosis of CIPD were included; 20 each in lorazepam and risperidone group. Both groups were comparable with respect to baseline PANSS (P = 0.13) and YMRS (P = 0.92) scores. The baseline withdrawal score was higher in the risperidone group (P = 0.03). There was a significant reduction in PANSS and YMRS scores in both groups by day 5 and day 10 (values of <0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The degree of improvement during the initial 5 days was significantly more (P ≤ 0.001) than that observed from day 5 to day 10 in both groups.

Conclusion:
There was no statistically significant difference between lorazepam and risperidone groups in terms of improvement in PANSS and YMRS scores. The use of antipsychotic did not have any additional benefit in CIPD and was rather associated with more adverse effects.
Insights from Autopsy: Unveiling the Pathological Landscape of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Bhatia Jasvinder Kaur , Singh Navdeep , Sharma Pragya , Mishra Prabha Shankar , Goyal Neeti , Singh Vikram , Singh Shamresh Kumar , Tripathi Preeti , Nagyal Deepti 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammation of the pancreas that can lead to mortality, with the risk increasing according to disease severity. It can also cause sudden unexpected death.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to examine the clinicopathological aspects of death from AP, focusing on common etiology and postmortem histomorphological patterns.

Materials and Methods:
The autopsy files and hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of all cases from January 2017 to August 2023 were studied.

Results:
AP was established as the cause of death in 23 (7.3%) of 315 autopsies conducted during the study period. Most deaths occurred in the age group of 30–39 years. Alcohol was identified as the cause in 9 (39.1%) patients, whereas biliary etiology was found in 3 (13%) patients. Hyperlipidemia was observed in 2 (8.7%) patients, and 5 (21.7%) cases had underlying diabetes mellitus. In 9 (39.1%) patients, no clearly defined etiologic association could be established, and they were considered “idiopathic.” Nineteen patients (82.61%) died in the early phase, primarily due to multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, whereas 4 (17.39%) patients died in the late phase, primarily due to sepsis. Hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis was present in all patients with equal frequency across all etiologic subgroups.

Conclusion:
This study is one of the few in India to examine 23 autopsy cases of AP, providing valuable insights into the diverse manifestations and implications of this condition.
Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cell injections for knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xinguang , Cui Cunbao , Lin Feng 
Published: September 2024

Background:
There have not been any clear studies on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to treat osteoarthritis (OA) in the knee.

Materials and Methods:
This study investigates the effects of different MSC dosages on pain alleviation in individuals with OA in the knee by conducting a meta-analysis of existing randomized controlled trials. Electronic resources such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up until June 2023. Treatment effect sizes were computed using the knee osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the Knee Society Score (KSS). Random or fixed effect models were applied to aggregate the data. We performed a subgroup analysis according to dosage level. The heterogeneity of the research was investigated using the Chi-square test and the I2 index.

Results:
The meta-analysis included 26 studies with a total sample size of 739 patients. A significant reduction in pain was observed 1 year and 2 years following the injection of MSCs into the injured joint, as indicated by the Visual Analogue Scale, WOMAC, KOOS, and KSS indexes (P < 0.05). Patients on MSCs reported much reduced pain after 1 and 2 years compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses revealed no statistically significant variations in the effectiveness of MSC dosage (P < 0.05). The studies did not report any adverse effects.

Conclusion:
Different dosages of MSCs had the same pain-relieving effects on patients with OA in the knee. MSC injections were safe and beneficial in such cases.
Factors associated with progression and outcomes of primary biliary cholangitis: A cohort study, 2010-2019
Authors: Sajadi Sayed Mohammad Javad , Tamizifar Babak , Sanei Mohammad Hossein , Babak Anahita 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) can impact both the quality of life and the survival of patients. The study aimed to determine the survival rate and associated variables in patients with PBC.

Materials and Methods:
This cohort research comprised 65 patients diagnosed with PBC who were admitted to the pathology section between January 2010 and December 2019. Survival was determined by reviewing hospital medical data and following up with the patients. The impact of demographic factors, clinical, laboratory, and histopathological aspects on patient survival time was investigated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression.

Results:
The average period of follow-up was 6.25 years with a standard deviation of 3.2 years. In surviving patients, the baseline bilirubin level was 2.83, but in deceased or transplanted patients, it was 8.95 (P = 0.002). The baseline albumin level was 3.99 in surviving patients and 3.66 in deceased or transplanted patients (P = 0.024). The incidence of cirrhosis in those who survived was 1.8%, but in patients who died or underwent a transplant, it was 40%. Out of 65 cases, 3 patients (4.7%) died and 7 (10%) had liver transplants. Survival rates of patients vary based on factors such as jaundice (P = 0.002), weariness (P = 0.03), cirrhosis (P < 0.001), and vitiligo (P = 0.033). There were notable variations in the average Mayo score between the two groups of patients who had liver transplantation and survived, with scores of 7.21 and 5.61, respectively.

Conclusion:
The study found that aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, baseline and final bilirubin, albumin, antinuclear antibody, the presence of cirrhosis, and jaundice significantly influenced patient survival with PBC.
Prevalence of Sleep Deprivation and Cognitive Impairment in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Heda Sakshi , Kumar Sanjiv 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Sleep deprivation and cognitive impairment represent significant issues among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, significantly impacting their daily activities and treatment journeys. The side effects of chemotherapy frequently contribute to disturbances in sleep and cognitive functions in these individuals. Recognizing the scope of these difficulties is essential for developing tailored interventions that cater to the specific requirements of cancer patients, ultimately improving their quality of life and treatment results.

Materials and Methods:
The research took place at a tertiary cancer care hospital, where 83 eligible chemotherapy patients were enlisted and assessed for sleep quality using the PSQI questionnaire and cognition using MoCA. Each questionnaire was administered only once. A PSQI total score of ≤5 indicated good sleep quality, while a score exceeding 5 indicated poor sleep quality. Similarly, a MoCA score below 26 suggested impaired cognition.

Results:
Among the entire sample, sleep deprivation was observed in 80.7% of chemotherapy patients, while cognitive impairment was identified in 44.6% of chemotherapy patients.

Conclusion:
The study deduces that sleep deprivation and cognitive impairment are exceedingly prevalent among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Unveiling the crucial role of oxidative stress on steroid hormone receptors
Authors: Ghosh Suvendu , Singha Partha Sarathi , Das Sourav , Ghosh Debosree 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Oxidative stress is widely recognized as a major contributor to male infertility. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can interact with various cellular components, causing irreversible damage to the male reproductive system. This damage results in several adverse effects, including impaired sperm motility, abnormal spermatogenesis, sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, and altered steroidogenesis. Furthermore, oxidative damage to steroid hormone receptors contributes to their functional impairment. These factors, individually or collectively, lead to infertility or subfertility in men. ROS can damage proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, with oxidative DNA damage potentially causing mutations, particularly in germ cells, as studies have shown. Such damage is also observed in steroid hormones and their receptors in men. Understanding the relationship between oxidative stress and its impact on genes is crucial for the accurate diagnosis, recognition, and treatment of male infertility. High-dose antioxidant supplementation, a beacon of hope, may eliminate, scavenge, or neutralize ROS, thereby mitigating ROS-induced genomic damage and oxidative harm to steroid hormones. Consequently, this approach may be considered the primary remedy against oxidative stress-induced male infertility.
Impact of telerehabilitation on the physical, physiological, and psychological parameters in individuals with diabetes
Authors: Khan Huma , Ali Kamran , Singla Deepika , Nasir Ibtasham 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The primary objective of this critical review is to evaluate the effectiveness of telerehabilitation (TR) in managing physical, physiological, and psychological parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM has become a major global health concern, with complications that significantly impact the well-being and quality of life of affected individuals. The introduction of this review aims to elucidate the complexities of T2DM by discussing its prevalence, cardiovascular implications, and the crucial role of physical activity in its management. The study’s goal is clearly stated, focusing on a comprehensive assessment of electronically provided rehabilitation models to address the multifaceted aspects of T2DM. The methodology section details a systematic review covering reputable databases such as PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE, establishing a solid foundation for this review. Furthermore, recent empirical findings from a specific study provide valuable insights by demonstrating the positive effects of a 6-week TR program on individuals with T2DM. Including various modes of exercise supervision and their noticeable impact on HbA1c levels enhances the analytical depth of this review. In conclusion, this scholarly review acknowledges the evolving role of technology-based rehabilitation in healthcare and recognizes the promising findings from current studies. However, it emphasizes the need for further research, particularly larger, multi-centered randomized controlled trials, to refine the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and long-term interpretability of TR in the complex landscape of T2DM management. The primary aim of this review is to contribute to the academic discussion surrounding the integration of telehealth applications, particularly TR, as an essential component in the holistic care of individuals with T2DM.
An assessment of knowledge and use of family planning methods among married women of reproductive age in the urban field practice area of a medical college
Authors: Rathod Dilip S. , Naik Dhananjay B. , Shelke Ashok D. , Kesari Pallavi M. , Gore Harishchandra D. , Hosdodde Shashikant 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
The global population is projected to grow by 2.5 billion over the next 43 years, increasing from 6.7 billion to 9.2 billion by 2050. Unchecked population growth is recognized as a major barrier to national development.

Aim and Objective:
This study is intended to assess the knowledge and practice of family planning methods by women of reproductive age groups in an urban field practice area.

Materials and Methods:
The present cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 at a medical college’s urban field practice area. All married women of reproductive age (18–45 years) who attended the outpatient department were included.

Results:
The most widely used contraceptive method among the women studied was female sterilization, chosen by 92 women (79.31%). This was followed by oral contraceptive pills and Cu-T, each used by 61 women (52.58%), and condoms, used by 33 women (28.44%). However, only 67 out of 200 women (33.5%) were actively using contraception, with female sterilization being the most common method among them (35 women, 52.24%). Knowledge about emergency contraception was quite limited, with only 19 women (9.5%) being informed about it. The study found that awareness of contraception was significantly influenced by factors such as age, religion, lower educational background, lower monthly income, early age at marriage, early age at first childbirth, and more number of living children.

Conclusion:
The study shows that knowledge about contraception among the participants was inadequate. There is a critical need for enhanced advocacy and education regarding female reproductive health as well as family planning methods to improve awareness and utilization among reproductive-age women.
The range of endometrial pathologies in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding at a tertiary care center in central India
Authors: Siddiqui Rabia Parveen , Pandey Varsha , Chandrakar Sonal , Bhaskar Vanita 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Endometrial disorders are among the most common gynecological conditions globally. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) refers to any irregularity in the timing, volume, or pattern of menstrual blood flow. This study investigates the histopathological spectrum of endometrial changes across various age groups in patients presenting with AUB as their primary symptom.

Materials and Methods:
The study analyzed 226 endometrial biopsies/specimens collected over two years from patients with AUB as the main complaint. These specimens were processed, and slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were examined to determine the endometrial patterns. A chi-square test assessed the relationship between age and specific endometrial pathologies.

Observations and Results:
Most of the 226 cases were from perimenopausal women (40–49 years), representing 57% of the total, with proliferative endometrium being the most common pattern (40.9%). About 20% of the cases were in the reproductive age group (<40 years), where typical hyperplasia was the most prevalent pattern (45.7%). Additionally, 23% of the cases involved postmenopausal women (>49 years), with endometrioid carcinoma being the most frequent pattern observed. Other endometrial patterns included disordered proliferative endometrium, endometritis, endometrial polyps, Arias–Stella reaction, and progesterone effects.

Conclusion:
Patients with AUB present with a wide range of endometrial patterns, from normal cyclic endometrium to malignancies. Histopathological examination remains the gold standard for diagnosing AUB, showing a significant association between endometrial lesions and age.