bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical trial of L‐Carnitine and valproic acid in spinal muscular atrophy type I
Authors: Krosschell Kristin J. , Kissel John T. , Townsend Elise L. , Simeone Sarah D. , Zhang Ren Zhe , Reyna Sandra P. , Crawford Thomas O. , Schroth Mary K. , Acsadi Gyula , Kishnani Priya S. , Von Kleist‐Retzow Jürgen‐Christoph , Hero Barbara , D'Anjou Guy , Smith Edward C. , Elsheikh Bakri , Simard Louise R. , Prior Thomas W. , Scott Charles B. , Lasalle Bernard , Sakonju Ai , Wirth Brunhilde , Swoboda Kathryn J. ,   for the Project Cure SMA Investigator's Network
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of this study was to determine the safety and therapeutic potential of L‐carnitine and valproic acid (VPA) in infants with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Methods: Our investigation was an open‐label phase 2 multicenter trial of L‐carnitine and VPA in infants with SMA type I with retrospective comparison to an untreated, matched cohort. Primary outcomes were: safety and adverse events; secondary outcomes were survival, time to death/>16 hours/day of ventilator support; motor outcomes; and maximum ulnar compound motor action potential amplitude. Results: A total of 245 AEs were observed in 35 of the 37 treated subjects (95%). Respiratory events accounted for 49% of all adverse events, resulting in 14 deaths. Survival was not significantly different between treated and untreated cohorts. Discussion: This trial provides evidence that, in infants with SMA type I, L‐carnitine/VPA is ineffective at altering survival. The substantial proportion of infants reaching end‐points within 6 months of enrollment underscores the urgent need for pre‐symptomatic treatment in SMA type I. Muscle Nerve 57: 193–199, 2018
Successful treatment of metastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with MGMT gene promoter methylation by temozolomide‐based combination chemotherapy
Authors: Kinoshita Mariko , Yamada Ai , Sawa Daisuke , Kamimura Sachiyo , Miyachi Mitsuru , Moritake Hiroshi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA 3‐year‐old male presented with a large retroperitoneal mass and multiple metastases. Biopsy results suggested alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma bearing a methylated O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter. Serum microRNA‐206 levels were elevated and remained high after three cycles of vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide (VAC). Replacement of vincristine, irinotecan, and temozolomide (VIT) for VAC induced a marked tumor reduction and normalization of the miR‐206 levels. The patient completed 14 cycles of VIT with local radiotherapy and has been in remission for 31 months. Temozolomide could be effective for tumors with a methylated MGMT gene promoter. Individualized therapy is warranted for such patients.
Regioirregular ambipolar naphthalenediimide‐based alternating polymers: Synthesis, characterization, and application in field‐effect transistors
Authors: Lin Zuzhang , Liu Xiaotong , Zhang Weifeng , Wei Congyuan , Huang Jianyao , Chen Zhihui , Wang Liping , Yu Gui 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIn this work, we report the synthesis, characterization, and application of two regioirregular naphthalenediimide (NDI)‐based alternating conjugated polymers, namely P1 and P2, in which nitrile‐substituted moiety, 2,3‐bis(thiophen‐2‐yl)acrylonitrile and NDI moiety act as donor and acceptor unit, respectively. The two regioirregular polymers possess low‐lying LUMO energy levels of −3.92 eV for P1 and −3.96 eV for P2. Both polymers possess typical dual‐band UV−Vis−NIR absorption profiles of NDI‐based polymers, and show broadened and red‐shifted absorption spectra in the solid state compared with those in solutions. Field‐effect transistor devices with top‐gate bottom‐contact configuration were used to evaluate the polymers' semiconducting properties. The two polymers exhibited promising and air‐stable ambipolar charge transport characteristics. Thin film microstructure investigations (AFM and 2D‐GIXRD) suggest both polymers formed continuous and smooth thin films, and adopted predominantly face‐on molecular packing in the solid state. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3627–3635
Detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) at birth in a newborn with respiratory distress
Authors: Manti Sara , Cuppari Caterina , Lanzafame Angela , Salpietro Carmelo , Betta Pasqua , Leonardi Salvatore , Perez Miriam K. , Piedimonte Giovanni 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common respiratory pathogen in infants and young children. From the nasopharyngeal or conjunctival mucosa of infected individuals, RSV spreads to the lower respiratory tract causing acute bronchiolitis and pneumonia after an incubation period of 4‐6 days. In addition to its well‐documented tropism for the airway epithelium, it has been shown previously that RSV can also spread hematogenously and efficiently infect extrapulmonary tissues of human hosts. Furthermore, it has been shown in animal models that RSV can spread transplacentally from the respiratory tract of a pregnant mother to the lungs of the fetus. This report describes a documented case of neonatal RSV infection strongly suggestive of prenatal transmission of this infection in humans from an infected mother to her offspring.
Amyloidogenesis of Tau protein
Authors: Nizynski Bartosz , Dzwolak Wojciech , Nieznanski Krzysztof 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe role of microtubule‐associated protein Tau in neurodegeneration has been extensively investigated since the discovery of Tau amyloid aggregates in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The process of formation of amyloid fibrils is known as amyloidogenesis and attracts much attention as a potential target in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative conditions linked to protein aggregation. Cerebral deposition of amyloid aggregates of Tau is observed not only in AD but also in numerous other tauopathies and prion diseases. Amyloidogenesis of intrinsically unstructured monomers of Tau can be triggered by mutations in the Tau gene, post‐translational modifications, or interactions with polyanionic molecules and aggregation‐prone proteins/peptides. The self‐assembly of amyloid fibrils of Tau shares a number of characteristic features with amyloidogenesis of other proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases. For example,in vitroexperiments have demonstrated that the nucleation phase, which is the rate‐limiting stage of Tau amyloidogenesis, is shortened in the presence of fragmented preformed Tau fibrils acting as aggregation templates (“seeds”). Accordingly, Tau aggregates released by tauopathy‐affected neurons can spread the neurodegenerative process in the brain through a prion‐like mechanism, originally described for the pathogenic form of prion protein. Moreover, Tau has been shown to form amyloid strains—structurally diverse self‐propagating aggregates of potentially various pathological effects, resembling in this respect prion strains. Here, we review the current literature on Tau aggregation and discuss mechanisms of propagation of Tau amyloid in the light of the prion‐like paradigm.
Imidacloprid‐susceptible Nilaparvata lugens individuals exceeded resistant individuals in a mixture population with density pressure
Authors: Yu Na , Tian Jiahua , Zhang Yixi , Li Zhong , Liu Zewen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDFitness costs associated with insecticide resistance in pest insects have mainly been studied under optimal laboratory conditions. However, resistant insects face more stressors than just insecticides in the field, and how the resistant population reacts to these stressors is of practical importance for the control of pest insects such as the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of population density on the competitiveness of resistant and susceptible individuals.RESULTSTwo isogenic N. lugens populations, a highly imidacloprid‐resistant population (HZ‐R) with a resistance ratio (RR) of 227.10 and a relatively susceptible population (HZ‐S) with an RR of 2.99, were created from a field‐resistant population (HZ; RR 62.51). The high resistance levels of HZ‐R and HZ were mainly attributable to the overexpression of multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes such as CYP6ER1, CYP6AY1, CYP6CW1 and CYP4CE1 compared with HZ‐S, this being supported by piperonyl butoxide synergism. HZ‐R was observed to be more resistant to thiacloprid and etofenprox compared with HZ and HZ‐S. Most interestingly, in high population density treatments, HZ‐S individuals were much more competitive than HZ‐R individuals.CONCLUSIONImidacloprid‐resistant individuals of N. lugens are less competitive than their susceptible counterparts under density pressure. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Evidence of exposure to chemicals and heavy metals during pregnancy in Japanese women
Authors: Maekawa Ryo , Ito Rie , Iwasaki Yusuke , Saito Koichi , Akutsu Kazuhiko , Takatori Satoshi , Ishii Rie , Kondo Fumio , Arai Yoshikazu , Ohgane Jun , Shiota Kunio , Makino Tsunehisa , Sugino Norihiro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposePrenatal exposure to environmental chemicals is a growing concern, because such exposures have been shown to be associated with various diseases. The levels of chemicals and heavy metals in maternal blood, cord blood, maternal urine and amniotic fluid in Japanese pregnant women were investigated.MethodsA total of 145 women, including 14 fetal growth restriction cases, were included in the present study. The levels of phthalates (di[2‐ethylhexyl]phthalate and mono[2‐ethylhexyl]phthalate), perfluorinated compounds (perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorononanoic acid), pesticides (dimethylphosphate, dimethylthiophosphate, diethylphosphate, diethylthiophosphate, 3‐phenoxybenzoic acid, and octachlorodipropyl ether), bisphenol A, nicotine (nicotine, nornicotine, cotinine, norcotinine, and trans‐3’‐hydroxycotinine), polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and heavy metals were measured. The relationship between fetal growth and the levels of chemicals and heavy metals were investigated.ResultsPhthalates, perfluorinated compounds, pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and heavy metals were detected in high frequency, whereas nicotine and bisphenol A were almost negative. Phthalates, perfluorinated compounds, and several heavy metals were transferred to the fetus. High perfluorononanoic acid levels in the maternal blood and cord blood, and low perfluorooctanoic acid level in the cord blood were significantly and negatively associated with fetal growth.ConclusionsThe present study showed that pregnant women in Japan and their fetuses are exposed to a variety of chemicals and heavy metals.
Investigating animal activity patterns and temporal niche partitioning using camera‐trap data: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Frey Sandra , Fisher Jason T. , Burton A. Cole , Volpe John P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTime‐stamped camera data are increasingly used to study temporal patterns in species and community ecology, including species’ activity patterns and niche partitioning. Given the importance of niche partitioning for facilitating coexistence between sympatric species, understanding how emerging environmental stressors – climate and landscape change, biodiversity loss and concomitant changes to community composition – affect temporal niche partitioning is of immediate importance for advancing ecological theory and informing management decisions. A large variety of analytical approaches have been applied to camera‐trap data to ask key questions about species activity patterns and temporal overlap among heterospecifics. Despite the many advances for describing and quantifying these temporal patterns, few studies have explicitly tested how interacting biotic and abiotic variables influence species’ activity and capacity to segregate along the temporal niche axis. To address this gap, we suggest coordinated distributed experiments to capture sufficient camera‐trap data across a range of anthropogenic stressors and community compositions. This will facilitate a standardized approach to assessing the impacts of multiple variables on species’ behaviours and interactions. Ultimately, further integration of spatial and temporal analyses of camera‐trap data is critical for improving our understanding of how anthropogenic activities and landscape changes are altering competitive interactions and the dynamics of animal communities.
Psychophysiological response to acute‐high‐stress combat situations in professional soldiers
Authors: Clemente‐Suarez Vicente Javier , Palomera Pablo Ruisoto , Robles‐Pérez José Juan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe study of psychophysiological responses of soldiers in combat situations remains a challenge, especially in melee combat—a close proximity unarmed fight—defined by high unpredictability. Gaining knowledge about psychophysiological changes in high‐stress situations is required to optimise training. This study aimed to analyse modifications in autonomic modulation, cortical arousal, heart rate, muscle strength, blood lactate concentration, and rating of perceived exertion of veteran soldiers in a melee combat simulation. Twenty veteran soldiers were analysed before and after a melee combat simulation in accordance with realistic situations that occur in actual operations areas. The simulation consisted of actions performed by a binomial unit in a security and protection mission in an operations area. The melee combat caused an increase in sympathetic modulation, blood lactate concentration, heart rate, muscle strength, a decreased tendency in cortical arousal, and a lower rating of perceived exertion than the organic response measured. An intense fight–flight response was observed in soldiers by the limbic system activation, causing a misinterpretation of perceived exertion. Finally, implications for the design of simulation environments for tactics training in high‐stress professions are discussed.
Respectful Representations of Disability in Picture Books
Authors: Pennell Ashley E. , Wollak Barbara , Koppenhaver David A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article discusses the importance of making available in classrooms a range of children's literature offering authentic and meaningful representations of characters with disabilities. The focus is not only on reading inclusive literature with typically developing students but also on the importance of making inclusive literature available to students who could identify with characters with disabilities. An annotated selection of current books, along with a list of criteria for evaluating children's books for respectful portrayals of disability, is presented to help educators choose inclusive literature that celebrates diverse abilities.
Peer-led small groups: Are we on the right track?
Authors: Moore Fraser 
Published: August 2017

Introduction Peer tutor-led small group sessions are a valuable learning strategy but students may lack confidence in the absence of a content expert. This study examined whether faculty reinforcement of peer tutor-led small group content was beneficial.
Methods Two peer tutor-led small group sessions were compared with one faculty-led small group session using questionnaires sent to student participants and interviews with the peer tutors. One peer tutor-led session was followed by a lecture with revision of the small group content; after the second, students submitted a group report which was corrected and returned to them with comments.
Results Student participants and peer tutors identified increased discussion and opportunity for personal reflection as major benefits of the peer tutor-led small group sessions, but students did express uncertainty about gaps in their learning following these sessions. Both methods of subsequent faculty reinforcement were perceived as valuable by student participants and peer tutors. Knowing in advance that the group report would be corrected reduced discussion in some groups, potentially negating one of the major benefits of the peer tutor-led sessions.
Discussion Faculty reinforcement of peer-tutor led small group content benefits students but close attention should be paid to the method of reinforcement.
Gender Dimorphism in Central Adiposity May Explain Metabolic Dysfunction After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Gorgey Ashraf S. , Farkas Gary J. , Dolbow David R. , Khalil Refka E. , Gater David R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundIncrease in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is an independent risk for mortality and other health‐related comorbidities.ObjectiveTo examine the gender differences in VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) cross‐sectional areas (CSA) between men and women with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). The differences in the distribution of central adiposity were used to determine the association of VAT and SAT to metabolic dysfunction after SCI.DesignCross‐sectional design.SettingHospital‐based study.ParticipantsSixteen individuals (8 men and 8 women) with motor complete SCI were matched based on age, time since injury, and level of injury.MethodsAnthropometrics, dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), and magnetic resonance imaging were captured to measure lean mass, fat mass (FM), percentage FM, VAT, and SAT CSAs. Basal metabolic rate was measured, and intravenous glucose tolerance test and lipid panel were performed.Main Outcome MeasurementsVAT, SAT, and metabolic profile.ResultsSAT CSA was 1.6 ‐1.75 times greater in the upper and lower trunks in women compared to men with SCI (P < .05). VAT CSA was 1.8‐2.6 times greater in the upper and lower trunks in men compared to women with SCI (P < .05). VAT adjusted to body weight was greater in men compared to women with SCI. High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) was positively related to SAT and negatively related to VAT. Glucose effectiveness was negatively related to lower trunk SAT (r = −0.60, P = .02). HDL‐C ratio and triglycerides were positively related to upper VAT, lower VAT, and VAT:SAT ratio.ConclusionMagnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that there is a gender dimorphism in central adiposity in persons with chronic SCI. This gender dimorphism in central adipose tissue distribution may explain the higher prevalence of metabolic dysfunction in men with SCI, especially, the decrease in the HDL‐C profile.Level of EvidenceIV
Bivariate Pseudo-Spectral Local Linearisation Method for Mixed Convective Flow Over the Vertical Frustum of a Cone in a Nanofluid with Soret and Viscous Dissipation Effects
Authors: RamReddy Ch. , Venkata Rao Ch. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this investigation, we intend to present the influence of the prominent viscous dissipation and Soret effects on mixed convection heat and mass transfer over the vertical frustum of a cone in a nanofluid. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. In addition, the uniform wall nanoparticle condition at the surface is replaced with the zero nanoparticle mass flux condition to execute physically applicable results. The governing equations of a nanofluid flow in the dimensional form are reduced to a system of partial differential equations in the non-dimensional form by using suitable non-similarity variables and then solved by using a recently introduced spectral method named as Bivariate Pseudo-Spectral Local Linearisation Method (BPSLLM). The convergence and error analysis tests are conducted to examine the accuracy of the spectral method. To validate the method, the present numerical results are compared with the existing results in some special cases and the outcomes are observed to be in very good agreement. The effects of Brownian motion, thermophoresis, Eckert number, Soret number, nanoparticle and regular buoyancy parameters on the dimensionless surface drag, heat, nanoparticle mass and regular mass transfer rates over the vertical frustum of a cone are discussed and illustrated graphically.
A New Micro-Hydrodynamic Herringbone Bearing Using Slant Groove Depth Arrangements for Performance Enhancement
Authors: Lee Y. T. , Yang A. S. , Juan Y. H. , Liu C. S. , Chang Y. H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study presents a new groove profile using the slant groove depth arrangements to enhance the performance of micro-HGJBs. The computational analysis was based on the steady-state three-dimensional conservation equations of mass and momentum in conjunction with the cavitation model to examine the complex lubricated flow field. The simulated results of load capacity and circumferential pressure distribution of lubricant film are in good agreement with the measurement data and the predictions cited in the literature. Numerical experiments were extended to determine the pressure distribution, load capacity, radial stiffness and friction torque by varying the slant ratio of groove depth, eccentricity ratio, rotational speed and attitude angle. The cavitation extent of lubricant film was also studied for different slant groove patterns.
Effect of dietary protein intake on the body composition and metabolic parameters of neutered dogs
Authors: Kawauchi Iris Mayumi , Jeremias Juliana Toloi , Takeara Paula , de Souza Danilo Ferreira , Balieiro Júlio Cesar de Carvalho , Pfrimer Karina , Brunetto Marcio Antonio , Pontieri Cristiana Fonseca Ferreira 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNeutering is a common veterinary recommendation and is often associated with obesity development. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of two different amounts of protein intake by neutered dogs regarding maintenance energy requirement (MER), body composition, and biochemical and hormonal parameters. A total of fourteen healthy adult dogs were fed either a diet containing 59·7 g protein/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) (P60) or a diet with 94·0 g protein/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) (P94) for 26 weeks after neutering to maintain their body weight prior to neutering. A mixed model was fitted to verify diet, time and diet × time interaction effects on biochemical parameters, serum concentrations of insulin, glucagon, leptin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). MER and the body composition data were evaluated within diets (paired t test) and within times (unpaired t test). A time effect was found for fructosamine, TAG, total lipids and IGF-1 serum concentrations. The diet × time interaction was significant for glucagon (P < 0·05). No differences between diets in the MER within each time were found. However, there was a reduction in the MER of dogs fed the P60 diet 26 weeks after neutering (P = 0·042). The fat body mass of dogs fed the P60 diet increased (P < 0·05) after neutering, even without a body-weight change. Some of the biochemical parameters changed over time, but all remained within the normal range. For the period evaluated in the present study, a diet with 94·0 g of protein/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) metabolisable energy seems to be a beneficial nutritional strategy to maintain the MER and the body composition of dogs after neutering.