bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous Vascular Responses of the Hands and Feet to Cooling, Rewarming, and Hypoxia in Humans
Authors: Massey Heather C. , House James R. , Tipton Michael J. 
Published: January 2018

Introduction This study investigated skin vasomotor responses in the fingers and toes during cooling and rewarming with and without normobaric hypoxia. Methods Fourteen volunteers (8 males and 6 females) were exposed to gradual air cooling (mean±SD: −0.4±0.1oC·min−1) followed by rewarming (+0.5±0.1oC·min−1) while breathing normoxic air (FIO2 0.21 at 761±3 mm Hg) or hypoxic gas (FIO2 0.12, at 761±3 mm Hg, equivalent to ∼5000 m above sea level). Throughout the gradual cooling and rewarming phases, rectal temperature was measured, and skin temperatures and laser Doppler skin blood flow were measured on the thumb, little finger, and great and little toe pads. Results During gradual cooling, skin temperature but not deep body temperature decreased. No differences in cutaneous vascular conductance were found for the toes or thumb ( P=0.169 great toe; P=0.289 little toe; P=0.422 thumb). Cutaneous vascular conductance was reduced in the little finger to a greater extent at the same mean skin temperatures (34.5–33.5oC) in the hypoxic compared with normoxic conditions ( P=0.047). The onset of vasoconstriction and release of vasoconstriction in the thumb and little finger occurred at higher mean skin temperatures in hypoxia compared with normoxia ( P<0.05). The onset of vasoconstriction and release of vasoconstriction in the toes occurred at similar skin temperatures ( P=0.181 and P=0.132, respectively). Conclusion The earlier vasoconstrictor response and later release of vasoconstriction in the finger during hypoxic conditions may result in a greater dose of cold to that digit, taking longer to rewarm following the release of vasoconstriction.
THE HALPERN–LÄUCHLI THEOREM AT A MEASURABLE CARDINAL
Authors: DOBRINEN NATASHA , HATHAWAY DAN 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSeveral variants of the Halpern–Läuchli Theorem for trees of uncountable height are investigated. Forκweakly compact, we prove that the various statements are all equivalent, and hence, the strong tree version holds for one tree on any weakly compact cardinal. For any finited≥ 2, we prove the consistency of the Halpern–Läuchli Theorem ondmany normalκ-trees at a measurable cardinalκ, given the consistency of aκ+d-strong cardinal. This follows from a more general consistency result at measurableκ, which includes the possibility of infinitely many trees, assuming partition relations which hold in models of AD.
ON THE DECIDABILITY OF THE THEORIES OF THE ARITHMETIC AND HYPERARITHMETIC DEGREES AS UPPERSEMILATTICES
Authors: BARNES JAMES S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe establish the decidability of the${{\rm{\Sigma }}_2}$theory of both the arithmetic and hyperarithmetic degrees in the language of uppersemilattices, i.e., the language with ≤, 0 , and$\sqcup$. This is achieved by using Kumabe-Slaman forcing, along with other known results, to show given finite uppersemilattices${\cal M}$and${\cal N}$, where${\cal M}$is a subuppersemilattice of${\cal N}$, that every embedding of${\cal M}$into either degree structure extends to one of${\cal N}$iff${\cal N}$is an end-extension of${\cal M}$.
RETRACTIONS OF REVERSIBLE STRUCTURES
Authors: KURILIĆ MILOŠ S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA relational structure is called reversible iff each bijective endomorphism (condensation) of that structure is an automorphism. We show that reversibility is an invariant of some forms of L∞ω −bi-interpretability, implying that the condensation monoids of structures are topologically isomorphic. Applying these results, we prove that, in particular, all orbits of ultrahomogeneous tournaments and reversible ultrahomogeneous m-uniform hypergraphs are reversible relations and that the same holds for the orbits of reversible ultrahomogeneous digraphs definable by formulas which are not R-negative.
The effect of imposed production measures on gas extraction induced seismic risk
Authors: Muntendam-Bos Annemarie G. , Roest Johannes P.A. , de Waal Hans A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractShaking and damage in the province of Groningen, the Netherlands, resulting from production-induced seismicity has caused increased public anxiety. Since 2014, production offtake has been reduced stepwise by over 50% in an attempt to minimise production-induced seismicity. The earthquake catalogue, combined with comprehensive data of the changes in production offtake, shows a clear response of seismic activity following the production measures taken. Associated temporal variations in the proportionality between smaller- and larger-magnitude events (theb-value of the Gutenberg–Richter relation) are observed. Since production measures were imposed, theb-value has tended to increase, thus lowering the probability of a larger-magnitude event. The analysis also shows increases in activity rate andb-value prior to larger-magnitude events. Subsequently, the probability of a larger-magnitude event seems to be decreasing prior to the events occurring. This implies that for short-term earthquake prediction of hydrocarbon-production-induced seismicity, these types of analysis could be misleading. However, regional analysis is necessary to explain the observations in terms of rupture initiation. At present, each event felt still draws the interest of both public and press. As some clustering of events in both time and space is still observed, managing both the seismicity and the public perception provides a continuing challenge.
Development of statistical geomechanical models for forecasting seismicity induced by gas production from the Groningen field
Authors: Bourne Stephen J. , Oates Stephen J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper reviews the evolution of a sequence of seismological models developed and implemented as part of a workflow for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment of the seismicity induced by gas production from the Groningen gas field. These are semi-empirical statistical geomechanical models derived from observations of production-induced seismicity, reservoir compaction and structure of the field itself. Initial versions of the seismological model were based on a characterisation of the seismicity in terms of its moment budget. Subsequent versions of the model were formulated in terms of seismic event rates, this change being driven in part by the reduction in variability of the model forecasts in this domain. Our approach makes use of the Epidemic Type After Shock model (ETAS) to characterise spatial and temporal clustering of earthquakes and has been extended to also incorporate the concentration of moment release on pre-existing faults and other reservoir topographic structures.
The Neotoma Paleoecology Database, a multiproxy, international, community-curated data resource
Authors: Williams John W. , Grimm Eric C. , Blois Jessica L. , Charles Donald F. , Davis Edward B. , Goring Simon J. , Graham Russell W. , Smith Alison J. , Anderson Michael , Arroyo-Cabrales Joaquin , Ashworth Allan C. , Betancourt Julio L. , Bills Brian W. , Booth Robert K. , Buckland Philip I. , Curry B. Brandon , Giesecke Thomas , Jackson Stephen T. , Latorre Claudio , Nichols Jonathan , Purdum Timshel , Roth Robert E. , Stryker Michael , Takahara Hikaru 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Neotoma Paleoecology Database is a community-curated data resource that supports interdisciplinary global change research by enabling broad-scale studies of taxon and community diversity, distributions, and dynamics during the large environmental changes of the past. By consolidating many kinds of data into a common repository, Neotoma lowers costs of paleodata management, makes paleoecological data openly available, and offers a high-quality, curated resource. Neotoma’s distributed scientific governance model is flexible and scalable, with many open pathways for participation by new members, data contributors, stewards, and research communities. The Neotoma data model supports, or can be extended to support, any kind of paleoecological or paleoenvironmental data from sedimentary archives. Data additions to Neotoma are growing and now include >3.8 million observations, >17,000 datasets, and >9200 sites. Dataset types currently include fossil pollen, vertebrates, diatoms, ostracodes, macroinvertebrates, plant macrofossils, insects, testate amoebae, geochronological data, and the recently added organic biomarkers, stable isotopes, and specimen-level data. Multiple avenues exist to obtain Neotoma data, including the Explorer map-based interface, an application programming interface, theneotomaR package, and digital object identifiers. As the volume and variety of scientific data grow, community-curated data resources such as Neotoma have become foundational infrastructure for big data science.
Intergenerational land conflict in northern Uganda: children, customary law and return migration
Authors: Joireman Sandra F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNorthern Uganda is in transition after the conflict that ended in 2006. While its cities are thriving and economic opportunities abound, the social institutions governing land access are contested, the land administration system is changing, and the mechanisms available to address conflicts over resources have themselves become a venue for authority claims. This article examines the intergenerational nature of land conflicts in northern Uganda, focusing on the interplay of customary law, return migration and the development of a market in land. There are three contributions to existing literature: (1) a discussion of children's property rights under customary and statute law in Uganda; (2) the identification of the dual nature of children during complex emergencies as both victims and agents; and (3) an addition to knowledge on post-conflict return and community reconstruction. Evidence comes from several sources, the most important of which are a set of interviews conducted in Gulu and Kampala in May and June 2015. Secondary sources augment the field research, particularly survey research conducted in northern Uganda after the conflict.
‘The dead are just to drink from’: recycling ideas of revenge among the western Dinka, South Sudan
Authors: Pendle Naomi R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGovernments in South Sudan have long built their authority on their ability to fashion changing regimes of revenge and compensation, war and peace. Governments’ capture of these regimes has resulted in the secularization of compensation despite the ongoing spiritual consequences of lethal violence. This article explores these issues by focusing on the western Dinka of Greater Gogrial. In recent years, they have been closely linked to the highest levels of government through familial networks and comradeship. Violent revenge among the western Dinka is best understood not as revealing the absence of institutions of government, but as a consequence of the projection of government power over the details of local, normative codes and sanctions. In this age of post-state violence with automatic weapons, oil-wealthy elites and ambiguous rights, government authority and intention have often been erratic. As government authority now backs up these regimes of compensation and revenge, governments’ shifting nature has reshaped their meaning. In the last decade, the declining political space for peace and the disruption of the cattle economy has undermined the current value of compensation and its ability to appease the spiritual and moral demands for revenge. It has even distorted regimes to the extent that children become legitimate targets for revenge. The article is informed by archival sources and based on ethnographic research among the western Dinka (South Sudan) between 2010 and 2013, and further research in South Sudan until 2015.
Ceratomyxa gracillima n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) provides evidence of panmixia and ceratomyxid radiation in the Amazon basin
Authors: Zatti Suellen A. , Atkinson Stephen D. , Maia Antônio A. M. , Bartholomew Jerri L. , Adriano Edson A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe describe a new freshwater myxosporean species Ceratomyxa gracillima n. sp. from the gall bladder of the Amazonian catfish Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii; the first myxozoan recorded in this host. The new Ceratomyxa was described on the basis of its host, myxospore morphometry, ssrDNA and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-1) sequences. Infected fish were sampled from geographically distant localities: the Tapajós River, Pará State, the Amazon River, Amapá State and the Solimões River, Amazonas State. Immature and mature plasmodia were slender, tapered at both ends, and exhibited vermiform motility. The ribosomal sequences from parasite isolates from the three localities were identical, and distinct from all other Ceratomyxa sequences. No population-level genetic variation was observed, even in the typically more variable ITS-1 region. This absence of genetic variation in widely separated parasite samples suggests high gene flow as a result of panmixia in the parasite populations. Maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses placed C. gracillima n. sp. sister to Ceratomyxa vermiformis in a subclade together with Ceratomyxa brasiliensis and Ceratomyxa amazonensis, all of which have Amazonian hosts. This subclade, together with other Ceratomyxa from freshwater hosts, formed an apparently early diverging lineage. The Amazonian freshwater Ceratomyxa species may represent a radiation that originated during marine incursions into the Amazon basin that introduced an ancestral lineage in the late Oligocene or early Miocene.
Cortical morphology development in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome at ultra-high risk of psychosis
Authors: Padula Maria Carmela , Schaer Marie , Armando Marco , Sandini Corrado , Zöller Daniela , Scariati Elisa , Schneider Maude , Eliez Stephan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) present a high risk of developing psychosis. While clinical and cognitive predictors for the conversion towards a full-blown psychotic disorder are well defined and largely used in practice, neural biomarkers do not yet exist. However, a number of investigations indicated an association between abnormalities in cortical morphology and higher symptoms severities in patients with 22q11DS. Nevertheless, few studies included homogeneous groups of patients differing in their psychotic symptoms profile.MethodsIn this study, we included 22 patients meeting the criteria for an ultra-high-risk (UHR) psychotic state and 22 age-, gender- and IQ-matched non-UHR patients. Measures of cortical morphology, including cortical thickness, volume, surface area and gyrification, were compared between the two groups using mass-univariate and multivariate comparisons. Furthermore, the development of these measures was tested in the two groups using a mixed-model approach.ResultsOur results showed differences in cortical volume and surface area in UHR patients compared with non-UHR. In particular, we found a positive association between surface area and the rate of change of global functioning, suggesting that higher surface area is predictive of improved functioning with age. We also observed accelerated cortical thinning during adolescence in UHR patients with 22q11DS.ConclusionsThese results, although preliminary, suggest that alterations in cortical volume and surface area as well as altered development of cortical thickness may be associated to a greater probability to develop psychosis in 22q11DS.
Generation, transport, and efficient extraction of a large cross-section electron beam into an air in an accelerator with a mesh plasma cathode
Authors: Vorobyov Maxim S. , Koval Tamara V. , Koval Nikolay N. , Hung Nguyen Bao 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe paper presents experimental and theoretical research data on the generation, transport, and extraction of a large cross-section (750 × 150 mm2) electron beam into the air through a thin metal foil in an accelerator with a mesh plasma cathode on the bases of a low-pressure arc and with a multi-aperture two-electrode electron-optical system. When the burning conditions of the arc discharge, responsible for the generation of the emission plasma, is changed, the characteristics of this plasma were investigated, including under the conditions of the selection of electrons from it. Our experiments show that at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV, current in the accelerating gap of up to 30 A, and full width at half maximum of up to 100 µm, the average extracted power is ≈4 kW and the extracted beam current is ≈85% from the common current into the accelerating gap. Our numerical estimates give a good correlation between the arc and emission plasma parameters depending on the electrode configuration in the discharge system and on the mechanism of electron beam generation. Analysis of the emission plasma parameters under different arc conditions and of the mechanisms responsible for the beam energy loss suggests that most of the energy in the accelerator is lost at the support grid and at the output foil due to defocusing of the beam and partial electron reflection from the foil. Other mechanisms that decrease the extracted beam energy are discussed.
HARNESSING HEURISTICS FOR ECONOMIC POLICY
Authors: Mabsout Ramzi , Mourad Jana G. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract:The effectiveness of heuristics has received contradicting interpretations in the behavioural sciences. We study the policy implications of two programmes that dispute the effectiveness of heuristics – the biases and heuristics and the fast and frugal heuristics programmes. While the first blames heuristics for most errors in judgement, the second posits heuristics as simple mental algorithms that work well in a range of environments. We argue that the fast and frugal programme is less paternalistic insofar as it models humans as effective decision-makers in a range of environments. However, in the rapidly changing environments of the 21st century, both are needed to inform evidence-based policies.
Association between Falls and Caregiving Tasks among Informal Caregivers: Canadian Community Health Survey Data
Authors: Vaughon Wendy , Lee Yeonjung , Gallo William , Kaufman Jennifer , Unuigbe Aig 
Published: January 2018

RÉSUMÉLes chutes constituent une cause de morbidité et de mortalité fréquente chez les personnes âgées. Bien que plusieurs études aient exploré les liens entre les chutes des bénéficiaires de soins plus âgés et la santé de leurs aidants, peu de recherches ont abordé les liens entre les tâches effectuées par les aidants âgés et leurs propres chutes. La présente étude a évalué les rapports entre, d’une part, les chutes des aidants et, d’autre part, la fréquence et le type de tâches assumées par des aidants naturels plus âgés. Les données, tirées de l’Enquête sur la santé des collectivités canadiennes - Vieillissement en santé (ESCC 2008-2009; N=2934), ont été examinées à l’aide d’analyses descriptives et de régressions logistiques. Les fréquences de prestation de soins plus élevées étaient positivement associées, chez les aidants, avec un plus grand nombre de chutes subies au cours de la dernière année, tandis que les aidants effectuant des tâches ménagères rapportaient moins de chutes. Ces résultats indiquent qu’il pourrait y avoir une relation entre des facteurs associés aux soins fournis et les chutes, chez les aidants plus âgés. De plus amples recherches, utilisant des données longitudinales et expérimentales, sont nécessaires pour mieux comprendre les liens entre les tâches assumées par l’aidant âgé et ses risques de chute.
Aphid–Buchnera–Ant symbiosis; or why are aphids rare in the tropics and very rare further south?
Authors: Perkovsky Evgeny , Wegierek Piotr 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTAt least since the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution, the geographical distribution of aphids, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, has been strongly affected by the low thermal tolerance of their obligatory bacterial symbiont,Buchnera aphidicola, which was why the aphids switched to obligate parthenogenesis in low latitudes. Hormaphidids and greenideids penetrated into the tropics only after the Oligocene strengthening of climate seasonality, and specialisations of the tropical representatives of these families did not allow them to spread further south (in the case of cerataphidines), or only allowed in few cases (in the case of greenideids).Aphids suffered from the Mesozoic–Cenozoic boundary extinction event much more strongly than other insects. The extinction was roughly coincidental with the establishment of the tight symbiosis of aphids with formicine and dolichoderine ants, which was accompanied by the flourishing of all three groups.In the Cretaceous, all of the representatives of extant and subfamilies occupied positions that were subordinate to Armaniinae and Sphecomyrminae. Prior to large ant colonies evolving their efficient ant–aphid mutualism, the aphids remained unprotected before the growing ant predation. The origin of the aphid trophobiosis with large colonies of Formicinae and Dolichoderinae has resulted in the steep decline of aphids left beyond that ant–aphid symbiotic network. By at least the basal Eocene (unlike the Late Cretaceous), ant proportions in the entomofauna increased sharply, and evident dominants emerged. Even now, aphid milkers from small colonies (hundreds of specimens) never protect their symbionts, and homopteran-tending ants are more likely to be dominant, with large colonies of 104–105workers.The mutualistic ant–aphid system failed to cross the tropical belt during the Cenozoic because ofBuchnera's low heat tolerance. As a result, the native southern temperate aphid fauna consists now of seven genera only, five of which are Late Cretaceous relicts. Some of them had relatives in Late Cretaceous amber of the Northern Hemisphere.
The fossil record of the planthopper family Achilidae, with particular reference to those in Baltic amber (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)
Authors: Brysz Alicja Magdalena , Szwedo Jacek 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe family Achilidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, commonly called planthoppers) is one of the least known and least understood groups, due to their cryptic lifestyle. They appear in the fossil record in the Lower Cretaceous, with a single genus and two species from the Crato Formation of Brazil. The oldest amber inclusion is reported from the earliest Late Cretaceous amber of Burma. Surprisingly, Achilidae are relatively common among the larger inclusions that can be found in Eocene Baltic amber. The first description of a fossil species was in the mid-19thCentury. Currently, there are 13 genera and 16 species known from fossils, of which nine genera and 11 species are from Baltic amber. However, many of them need reconsideration, revisionary studies and placement in the phylogenetic context of the family. Former studies on inclusions in this amber revealed several unique forms (extinct tribes Ptychoptilini and Waghildini), or taxa ascribable to the sparse Recent tribe Achilini. This paper provides an overview of the knowledge of fossil Achilidae, particularly those from Baltic amber. The Eocene appears to be the heyday of the family; however, this hypothesis should be tested with further detailed studies.