bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DESI 2024: reconstructing dark energy using crossing statistics with DESI DR1 BAO data
Authors: Calderon R. , Lodha K. , Shafieloo A. , Linder E. , Sohn W. , de Mattia A. , Cervantes-Cota J.L. , Crittenden R. , Davis T.M. , Ishak M. , Kim A.G. , Matthewson W. , Niz G. , Park S. , Aguilar J. , Ahlen S. , Allen S. , Brooks D. , Claybaugh T. , de la Macorra A. , Dey A. , Dey B. , Doel P. , Forero-Romero J.E. , Gaztañaga E. , Gontcho S.Gontcho A. , Honscheid K. , Howlett C. , Juneau S. , Kremin A. , Landriau M. , Le Guillou L. , Levi M.E. , Manera M. , Miquel R. , Moustakas J. , Newman J.A. , Palanque-Delabrouille N. , Percival W.J. , Poppett C. , Prada F. , Rezaie M. , Rossi G. , Ruhlmann-Kleider V. , Sanchez E. , Schlegel D. , Schubnell M. , Seo H. , Sprayberry D. , Tarlé G. , Taylor P. , Vargas-Magaña M. , Weaver B.A. , Zarrouk P. , Zou H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe implement Crossing Statistics to reconstruct in a model-agnostic manner the expansion history of the universe and properties of dark energy, using DESI Data Release 1 (DR1) BAO data in combination with one of three different supernova compilations (PantheonPlus, Union3, and DES-SN5YR) and Planck CMB observations. Our results hint towards an evolving and emergent dark energy behaviour, with negligible presence of dark energy atz≳ 1, at varying significance depending on data sets combined. In all these reconstructions, the cosmological constant lies outside the 95% confidence intervals for some redshift ranges. This dark energy behaviour, reconstructed using Crossing Statistics, is in agreement with results from the conventionalw0–wadark energy equation of state parametrization reported in the DESI Key cosmology paper. Our results add an extensive class of model-agnostic reconstructions with acceptable fits to the data, including models where cosmic acceleration slows down at low redshifts. We also report constraints onH0rdfrom our model-agnostic analysis, independent of the pre-recombination physics.
The CRILIN calorimeter: gamma radiation resistance of crystals and SiPMs
Authors: Cemmi A. , D'Orsi B. , Di Meco E. , Di Sarcina I. , Diociaiuti E. , Moulson M. , Paesani D. , Sarra I. , Scifo J. , Verna A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Crilin calorimeter is a semi-homogeneous calorimetric
system based on Lead Fluoride (PbF2) crystals with UV-extended
Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) proposed for the Muon
Collider. This study investigates the radiation resistance of
crystals and SiPMs, subjected to 10 kGy gamma irradiation,
equivalent to a 10-year service life in the Muon Collider.

Our findings indicate that while PbF2 crystals exhibit a decrease
in transmittance post-irradiation with partial recovery over time,
the alternative PbWO4-Ultra Fast (PWO-UF) demonstrates
exceptional radiation hardness, maintaining stable
transmittance. SiPMs showed an increase in dark current and
breakdown voltage post-irradiation, with less degradation observed
in the SiPM biased during the exposure to radiation compared to the
unbiased component.

These results underscore the viability of PbF2 for
radiation-tolerant calorimeters, though improvements in production
homogeneity are needed. The superior performance of PWO-UF crystals
suggests they are a promising alternative for high-radiation
applications, but their higher cost must be carefully considered.
The Orthodox Account of Mitigation
Authors: Summers Andy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter outlines the orthodox account of the law of mitigation. First, it sets mitigation in context as part of the conventional ‘loss-based’ understanding of the law of damages. Second, it briefly outlines the historical development of mitigation, tracing its evolution from the earliest authorities to the current orthodoxy. Third, it describes the orthodox account of mitigation in more detail, outlining its division into three rules: the avoidable loss rule; the reasonable attempts rule; and the avoided loss rule. The chapter argues that, applying the broader conventional understanding of the law of damages, the reasonable attempts rule and the ‘first limb’ of the avoided loss rule are both redundant. The orthodox account of mitigation can therefore be expressed more concisely as comprising just two rules: the avoidable loss rule and (the exception to) the avoided loss rule.
The Avoidable Loss Rule
Authors: Summers Andy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter critiques the orthodox account of the rule of mitigation known as the ‘avoidable loss rule’. First, it examines when the rule applies. The rule is conventionally thought to be triggered where the claimant failed to act ‘reasonably’ in response to the breach. However, the leading texts fail to specify how this reasonableness criterion applies; instead, they conclude that its application is a question of fact, effectively relying on a ‘case-by-case’ approach. Second, the chapter examines the effect on damages where the avoidable loss rule applies. The leading texts have sometimes described mitigation as an all-or-nothing rule, or they have adopted the ‘guillotine heuristic’, which assumes that mitigation simply chops off recovery for part of the harm actually suffered by the claimant. The chapter demonstrates that instead the avoidable loss rule results in a counterfactual assessment of the claimant’s conduct.
Bliss Against the World
Authors: Chepurin Kirill 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The concept of bliss, in its connotations of beatitude and salvation, may seem of little relevance to so-called secular modernity. This book argues otherwise by advancing a framework of the entanglement between modernity, Christianity, and bliss through the German idealist and Romantic philosopher Friedrich Schelling. In Schelling’s concept of bliss (Seligkeit), the idea of salvation from the world mutates into a burning concern with the negativity of the modern world and with the way modernity inherits the Christian promise of a non-alienated future that never arrives. The book rethinks Schelling’s philosophical trajectory from the 1790s to the 1840s, showing his metaphysics, philosophy of religion, and natural philosophy to be underwritten by the tension between bliss as world-annihilation and theodicy as world-legitimation—a tension located at the heart of modernity. Part I theorizes the apocalyptic dimension of bliss and reconstructs the Schellingian genealogy of modernity as intensifying what the book terms the general Christian contradiction. Part II focuses on Schelling’s anxiety about the possibility of universal history in the dark, decentered, and contingent universe, developing a critique of his Romantic construction of humanity and his geo-racial theodicy of history, a theodicy that refracts and legitimates the violent logics of post-1492 modernity, including European colonialism, racialization, and transatlantic slavery. This book thus thinks bliss not only with, but also against Schelling, who emerges from the book as a key thinker of modernity, and of the Christian-modern trajectory as a trajectory of salvation in the shadow of whose failure we continue to live.
Universal Ekstasis; or, Fallenness and Method
Authors: Chepurin Kirill 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter outlines the Schellingian method of philosophical construction as responding to the modern crisis of universal reality and human subjectivity. For Schelling, human self-assertion generates a fallen or inverted condition, plunging the human together with nature into an abyss of darkness and decenteredness. True philosophy, accordingly, aims at a universal recentering through a redemptive ekstasis as the resubmission of particular consciousness to the universal or divine. Conceived as a kind of spiritual exercise or even struggle, the Schellingian philosophical method entails the following operations: self-purification; kenosis, or the combination of self-emptying with self-sacrifice; polar (reflection-based) construction as a practice of wrestling with God; and anamnesis or recollection. Thanks to this method, the Schellingian philosopher becomes capable of constructing universal history as the progressive “proof” of the divine and as a providential system of times, pointing the way toward absolute bliss despite the darkness and contingency of universal reality.
Disseminated Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in a Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Fatal Case Report
Authors: Ka F , Salibindla D , Kendler A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Post-transplant immunosuppression predisposes patients to severe complications from opportunistic infections, including Toxoplasma gondii. Typically asymptomatic and self-limited in immunocompetent individuals, Toxoplasma gondii can cause life-threatening disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients like solid organ transplant recipients. The challenge in diagnosing Toxoplasmosis is further exacerbated in patients receiving prophylactic therapy with agents such as Atovaquone, which may mask clinical suspicion. This case report describes a fatal presentation of disseminated Toxoplasmosis in a kidney transplant recipient.

Methods/Case Report
A 44-year-old male with a history of deceased donor kidney transplant presented to the emergency department two months post-transplant with symptoms of malaise, shortness of breath, hypoxemia, and hypotension. Despite medical interventions, the patient deteriorated rapidly, developing acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and septic shock requiring intubation. Subsequently, he succumbed to multisystem organ failure five days after admission. The autopsy revealed disseminated Toxoplasma gondii infection, with tachyzoites/bradyzoites identified in multiple organs, including the brain, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Positive Toxoplasma immunohistochemical staining and PCR confirmed the diagnosis.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA

Conclusion
Toxoplasma infection in post-transplant patients can manifest as a severe and potentially fatal complication. Dissemination can arise from the reactivation of latent infection, donor transmission, or new acquisition. In this case, the infection likely resulted from the reactivation of latent infection in the donor, compounded by immunosuppression in the recipient. Notably, the patient received Atovaquone prophylaxis due to a sulfa allergy.
Nonetheless, the case highlights the potential for delayed diagnosis due to atypical presentations in immunocompromised patients. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for Toxoplasma infection in post- transplant patients, particularly in those with unexplained clinical deterioration. This case emphasizes the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for T. gondii infection in post-transplant patients, even in those receiving prophylaxis.
Neonatal Hemochromatosis Secondary to an Inborn Error of Metabolism (Mitochondrial Disorder): Post- mortem Diagnosis in the Fetus of a Young Primipara
Authors: Shastri C , Manci E A , Campbell P , Shreshtha D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Neonatal hemochromatosis (NH), an extremely rare congenital phenotype of acute hepatic failure with hepatic and extrahepatic siderosis, is primarily (98%) caused by gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD) and, rarely (2%), by infection, metabolic disorders, bile acid defects, and mitochondrial hepatopathy. This report presents an extremely rare case of NH caused by an inborn error of metabolism (suspected mitochondrial dysfunction).
This low-birth-weight female was born with acute liver failure, metabolic acidosis, multisystem failure, and progressive lactate acidosis, and expired on day 7. On autopsy, liver was less than 50% of normal size and without nodularity.
Microscopic architecture was preserved with erythropoiesis, canalicular bile plugs, microvesicular steatosis (oil red O stain) and abundant coarsely granular siderosis (iron stain). GALD was unlikely because of the absence of the typical hepatocytic injury, fibrosis or biliary destruction, and the negative immunohistochemistry for MAC (C5b-C9).
Extrahepatic siderosis was demonstrated in thyroid follicles, thymic Hassall corpuscles, myocardium, and adenohypophysis. Sanger sequencing and deletion testing of mitochondrial genome on a maternal buccal biopsy identified a homoplasmic variant (m.15482 T&gt;C p.(S246P) in maternal MT-CYB gene but without molecular diagnosis of a mitochondrial DNA disorder. Infant plasma had increased C6DC, C5, C12-OH acylcarnitine, alanine, and proline. Urine contained elevated organic acids (lactate/pyruvate, 2-ketoacids, 3-methylglutarate, 3-methylglutaconate), concerning acute mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction.

Methods/Case Report: Case Study Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA

Conclusion
Diagnosis of NH warrants exclusion of the most common etiology, GALD. Mitochondrial genetic mutations are the most difficult to diagnosis because of heterogeneity and typically undiagnosed maternal defects. This is the first report of NH with a homoplasmic maternal variant of uncertain significance. Neonatal lactic acidosis is the strongest clinical clue for mitochondrial dysfunction and should trigger phenotyping, maternal mitochondrial genetic variants (mtDNA, nuDNA), functional, biochemical, and genetic studies.
A Rare Case with KMT2D: BCOR Fusion Alteration Sarcoma in A 14-Year-Old-Female
Authors: Ahmed A A , Amin S E , Aljumaili Z , Elsayad M , Thomas-Ogunniyi J O 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Tumors with BCL6-correpresor gene (BCOR) alteration are a heterogeneous group of undifferentiated sarcomas, occurring in various age groups and anatomic sites, characterized by spindle and round cell phenotype and diffuse immunoreactivity for BCOR. With widespread genomic testing, these alterations are now associated with different histologies. These sarcomas show a striking male predominance and occur in children/ adolescents.

Methods/Case Report
The Patient was a 14 years-old female presented after an accident with RLQ abdominal pain. Her pan-CT showed a 9.0 x 5.5 x 4.0 cm omental mass with free pelvic fluid in the anterior and upper pelvis.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
Microscopic examination showed lobulated spindle cell tumor with myxoid areas, extensive necrosis, focal calcifications, and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates The tumor composed of bundles of monotonous cells with bizarre nuclei. Mitoses were brisk (44 mitoses per 10HPF). The tumor appeared to infiltrate adipose tissue and it had peritheliomatous pattern of proliferation. Beta-catenin, inhibin, BCL2, and Pan-TRK were positive in the spindle cells. PAX8 showed patchy positivity. EMA, CAM5.2, DOG-1, CD117, ALK1, CD34, HMB45, STAT6, SMA, CD31, S100, CD99, p63, SALL-4, CD10 were negative. Trichrome highlighted the intervening fibrous septae. Molecular Next Generation Sequencing studies showed a structural genomic alteration between the KMT2D and BCOR genes [t(12;X)(12q13.11;Xp11.4)].

Conclusion
Tumors harboring rare fusion variants of BCOR, such as BCOR- KMT2D, were also positive for pan-TRK staining and NTRK3 overexpression. These rearrangements are so rare. And therefore, efficient diagnosis of BCOR rearranged sarcomas can be achieved by using a combination of FISH and RT-PCR assays. The therapeutic implication of this finding awaits further investigation.
Adult Primary Extramedullary Spindle Cell Neoplasms of the Spinal Cord: Algorithmic Approach to a Frozen Section Dilemma
Authors: Zeches B A , Maher M , Boyer P , Jo J , Lee S , Hoppenot R , Danison A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Spinal cord lesions can be designated as either (1) intramedullary, located within the spinal cord, or (2) extramedullary, located outside of the spinal cord, with further craterization as intradural and extradural. Neoplasms with a spindle cell phenotype can be challenging to optimally classify at the time of frozen section with immunohistochemistry necessary for optimal classification. This study looks at a spectrum of spinal cord tumors with a significant spindle cell component and offers an algorithmic approach for intraoperative consultation.

Methods/Case Report
A series of extramedullary spindle cell cases was compiled for comparison and contrast. A PubMed and Google literature search was undertaken.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
A total of 10 cases, age range 33-67, were compiled including meningioma with predominantly spindle cell features (WHO grade 1 and grade 2), solitary fibrous tumor, schwannoma lacking nuclear palisades and Verocay bodies, neurofibroma; malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, perineurioma, and spindle cell (tanycytic) ependymoma. During intraoperative consultation, touch preparations and frozen section features often overlapped. Radiologic localization of the neoplasm was essential to effective frozen section diagnosis as some lesions had a distinctly astrocytic phenotype. A general diagnosis was often employed, specifically spindle cell neoplasm with or without high-grade features. A differential diagnosis was provided when characteristic features were identified, including whorls, psammoma bodies, and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions favoring meningioma; abundant collagen between cells; nuclear palisades and Verocay bodies suggestive of Schwannoma; abundant extracellular matrix suggestive of neurofibroma; and perivascular pseudorosettes suggestive of extramedullary ependymoma variant.

Conclusion
This study provides a summary of extramedullary spinal region lesions that overlap with respect to imaging and frozen section characteristics. It emphasizes the need for clinical-radiologic-pathologic correlation on such lesions, the challenges in generating the differential diagnosis prior to histologic evaluation, and the pragmatism to rendering a diagnosis of spindle cell neoplasm with a differential diagnosis at frozen section.
Mammary Schistosomiasis: Malignancy Mimicker or More?
Authors: McGrath N G 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) which affects more than 200 million people worldwide, with approximately 85% of cases occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. It serves both as an important etiologic agent in the development of carcinomas of many organ systems, as well as a common incidental histological finding in various organs, including the prostate, lung, spine, and liver.
Detection of Schistosoma ova in the breast is rare. Here, we present a case of schistosomiasis of the breast in a patient concurrently diagnosed with breast carcinoma of the contralateral breast.

Methods/Case Report
A 48-year-old Mozambican female presented with a right breast mass, with suspicious microcalcifications detected in the contralateral breast on mammography. Biopsy confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (NST) in the right breast and identified Schistosoma ova in the left, notably lacking an associated inflammatory response.
A Ziehl-Neelsen special histochemical stain was negative, favoring schistosoma Hematobium species.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA

Conclusion
Our case marks the first in English literature where schistosomiasis was identified in the context of contralateral breast carcinoma, posing the question as to whether there is an association between schistosomiasis and breast carcinoma in our patient. One possible theory suggests hyperestrogenism secondary to Schistosoma infection in the liver.
Breast schistosomiasis presenting as microcalcifications poses a diagnostic challenge, as it may clinically and radiologically resemble malignant breast disease. Histopathological diagnosis is crucial to confirm the diagnosis and prevent unnecessary procedures.
Contrary to other organ systems, our case highlighted that schistosomiasis in the breast may not be accompanied by any inflammatory response. Definitive conclusions regarding the exact species of schistosomiasis cannot be drawn histologically based solely on H&E findings due to the plane of sectioning; therefore, performing a Ziehl-Neelsen stain is beneficial. As screening mammography increases in endemic areas, a high index of suspicion and further research is warranted.
ALK-Positive Histiocytosis and its Distinctive Manifestation in the Breast
Authors: Zahid H , Siddiqui H F , Khurram M S , Fatima F 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
ALK-positive histiocytosis (APH) is a rare histiocytic proliferation disease that harbors ALK rearrangements, often involving fusion with KIF5B. Primary cases in the unilateral breast are exceptionally uncommon, with only a few reported cases globally, characterizing it as a unique histiocytic proliferation disorder.

Methods/Case Report
In our study, we report a case of unilateral multifocal breast involvement of ALK-positive histiocytosis following bilateral breast core biopsies in a 56-year-old Hispanic woman who presented with bilateral breast masses. Right breast imaging demonstrated multiple nodular densities, further characterized on ultrasound as a hypoechoic region of 8 cm with increased vascularity. On right breast biopsy, prominent proliferation of histiocytes (lacking high-grade cytologic atypia) with chronic inflammation, few giant cells, and focal cholesterol clefts were identified. On immunohistochemical studies, the lesional cells were variably positive for histiocytic markers CD68, CD163, and PU.1 and were negative for S100 and pancytokeratin. ALK1 showed multifocal staining in the lesional cells as confirmed on repeat study; however, ALK (D5F3), GMS and acid fast studies were negative. The presence of focal cholesterol clefts, scattered giant cells, and chronic inflammation lead us to consider aberrant ALK expression in a reactive process. However, APH was definitively diagnosed through confirmation of clonal histiocyte proliferation, observed findings on morphology, immunophenotyping, and the presence of KIF5B-ALK gene fusion as detected by comprehensive solid tumor fusion panel testing.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA

Conclusion
It is noteworthy that ALK-positive histiocytosis can occasionally present alongside features of a reactive process in the breast. Therefore, considering any history of prior surgery or trauma at the lesion site is crucial.
However, we recommend a comprehensive approach in most cases, which includes morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis on all suspected histiocytosis cases. This approach aims to increase awareness and detection of this rarely described entity and to precisely distinguish it from other diseases for prognostic and therapeutic purposes.