bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EST Reading Instructional Approaches at the Senior Secondary School Level in Yemen: A Case Study
Authors: Mohammed Lubna Ali , H.M Sidek , Saeed Murad Abdu 
Published: November 2016

Recently, within the increasing implementation of the communicative language teaching (CLT) approach to teaching English as a foreign language (EFL), the Yemeni EFL secondary school curriculum has adopted the CLT approach. This qualitative exploratory case study aimed at examining whether or not the Yemeni English for Science and Technology (EST) senior secondary reading instructional implementation is a communicative-based instruction in nature as it is labelled. The data were collected from reading classroom observations and analysed in terms of student-teacher interaction pattern as well as teacher and learner roles based on Richards’ and Rodgers’ Model (2001). The coding scheme used for coding the features of the Initiation-Response-Evaluation method (IRE) and the Communicative Reading Instructional method (CRI) was developed from previous studies. The findings showed that the traditional IRE and the teacher role as a director are extensively represented in the Yemeni EST senior secondary school reading instruction more than the CRI. This finding contradicts the communicative-label of the Yemeni English language curriculum. The findings are discussed in terms of the alignment of the curriculum communicative-label with regards to the EST senior secondary school reading classroom instructional implementation. Keywords: Communicative Language Teaching approach (CLT); Initiation-Response-Evaluation Approach (IREA); Communicative Reading Instructional Approach (CRIA).
Message from Editor
Authors: Soran Prof. Dr. Haluk 
Published: November 2016

Dear Readers,It is the great honor for us to publish sixth issue of World Journal of Environmental Research. World Journal of Environmental Research welcomes original empirical investigations and comprehensive literature review articles focusing on environmental issues. World Journal of Environmental Research is an international peer-refereed journal which publishes global research articles about all aspects of environmental areas with the aim of sharing the findings of different environmental issues to provide contributions to the scientific studies.The scope of World Journal of Environmental Research (WJER) includes major topics such as environmental agriculture, environmental biology, environmental biotechnology, environmental engineering, environmental health, environmental nanotechnology, environmental microbiology, environmental toxicology, environmental pollution and monitoring, environmental zoology, environmental ethics and biosciences, environmental informatics, environmental biochemistry, environmental genetics, environmental botany, environmental issues related to biosciences, environmental biophysics, environmental geology.Water extraction, wind turbines manufacturing, environmental problem perception among students, science education and historical evolution of the environment in North Cyprus topics have been included into this issue. The topics of the next issue will be different. You can make sure that we will be trying to serve you with our journal with a rich knowledge in which different kinds of topics are discussed in 2016 Volume.A total number of thirteen (13) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of five (5) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication.We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.Â Best regards,Prof. Dr. Haluk SoranÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Editor â€“ in ChiefÂ
Neuroprotection of the Preterm Infant
Authors: Kaspar Abby , Rubarth Lori Baas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNeuroprotection can be one of the most important aspects in the care provided to preterm infants and their families. If not done correctly, it can cause lifelong struggles to those involved. There are many simple strategies that providers and nurses can use to provide neuroprotection for the premature neonate.
Problems With Breastfeeding/Breast Milk Feeding Reported by Women Participating in a Workplace Lactation Program
Authors: Johnston Balkam Jane A. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study, which was part of a larger study, was to explore the problems with breastfeeding and/or breast milk expression experienced by women participating in a workplace lactation program at a large public sector employer.Methods: A cross-sectional mailed survey approach was used. The sample (n = 128) consisted of women who had used at least one component of the lactation program in the past 3 years and who were still employed at the same organization.Findings: Women who reported having a problem with breastfeeding during the first 2 weeks of their baby’s life or after they returned to work or if they had problems expressing milk all had a shorter mean duration of any breastfeeding/breast milk feeding. However, in this study, the mean duration of breastfeeding/breast milk feeding for all respondents was 10.4 months, and 57% of respondents were exclusively feeding breast milk for milk feedings at 6 months.Conclusions: It is common for women to experience problems in breastfeeding during the first 2 weeks after their baby’s birth and when they return to work. There is some evidence that participation in a workplace lactation program supported a longer duration of breastfeeding in spite of problems experienced by the women. More research is needed.
Mothers’ Perspectives on Effective Assistance With Breastfeeding Problems
Authors: Mahurin-Smith Jamie 
Published: November 2016

Purpose: This qualitative study investigated maternal views on effective support strategies in the face of breastfeeding difficulties.Methods: In semistructured interviews, 15 women who had encountered breastfeeding problems reflected on their experiences.Results: Participants reported that managing breastfeeding problems was complex and that the level of provider competence in addressing these difficulties was variable. Social media emerged as a highly prevalent source of support among women facing breastfeeding problems.Discussion: Virtual and face-to-face support strategies are compared; implications for providers are reviewed.
Gótico tropical y surrealismo. La novela negra de Caliwood
Authors: Berdet Marc 
Published: November 2016

En los años 1980, los cineastas colombianos Carlos Mayolo y Luis Ospina, emblemáticos del grupo de “Caliwood”, realizan películas de género bajo la bandera del “gótico tropical”, una estética fantástica que les permite criticar las relaciones de dominación coloniales y postcoloniales del Cono Sur. Antítesis de las fantasmagorías urbanas del capitalismo importado de Estados Unidos, estas fantasmagorías negras retoman el potencial subversivo de la novela negra inglesa tal y como fue reconocida por los surrealistas. Este texto explora su origen como un especie de reto lanzado en 1970 por Luis Buñuel a Álvaro Mutis, así como parte de la estética vampírica que ronda, en esos años, las historias del cinéfilo Andrés Caicedo.
Studying the Relationship between Quality of Sleep and Addiction to Internet among Students
Authors: Abolghasem Purreza , Eftekhari Mostafa , Rezania Saeed , Jafarisani Moslem , Soleimani Rahim , Khalafi Ali 
Published: November 2016

Background: In recent years, Internet use has been of interest to different groups of people especially students and its charm has caused users to spend hours of their time at the computer. Studies show that growing demand for Internet technology caused significant mental health problems and reduced quality of life and unhealthy social relationships for many people. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between internet addictions and sleep quality as one of the components of quality of life among college students.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among students of Torbat Heydariyeh city in 2015. Data were collected by self-report. Data collection tools were internet addiction questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a demographic questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21. P <0.05 considered statically significant.Results: The average score of sleep disorders and addiction to the Internet was 4.690 ± 0.050 and 33.98 ± 12.05, which represents the average sleep disorders and internet addiction among students. 32.50% of students were suffering from sleep disorders and 23.9% of students had high dependence on the Internet and 2% had severe dependence. Between internet addiction and sleep disorders components, sleep quality and overall score of Pittsburgh questionnaire there was a significant positive correlation (P≤0/05).Conclusion: The results showed that excessive use of the internet is associated with reduced sleep quality and increased daytime sleepiness. Due to the increasing use of the Internet in Iran, especially among students, Familiarize users with the harms of excessive use of the Internet and promote the proper Correct culture is essential In order to promote the correct pattern of Internet use helped to reduce sleep problems in students.Keywords: addiction to Internet, sleep quality, Student.
The differences between historians of empire and other scholars in explaining the causes of imperial expansion
Authors: Pirdawood Hogir Hassan 
Published: November 2016

This study discussed and compared the explanations of historians of empires and other scholars for imperial expansion. It provided different interpretation about the factors which caused imperialism. I basically relied on qualitative methods to gain an understanding of complicated phenomenon. It should be said that most of historians had the same opinion and they said this phenomenon lasted from 1870 to 1914 and it was different with colonialism. I found that there was not the same opinion between historians of empire and scholars of non-empire, both sides were completely different in explaining the causes of the phenomenon. Historian of empire focused on economic, social and political factors of imperial countries in interpretation of this phenomenon, but scholars of non-empire focused on cultures, disunity, economic stagnation and underdevelopment of third world countries in explanation of imperial expansion. Keywords: Imperialism, Nationalism, Imperial Expansion, Historian, Scholars, Causes.
A study of lipid profile Levels of Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sabahelkhier Murwan Khalid , Awadllah Mohammed Ali , Mohammed Idrees Atif Saeed , Abel Rahheem Mohammed Ali Abdel-Ghaffar , Idris Mohammed Abdel Rahman 
Published: November 2016

This study consists of two parts; the Part one is to evaluate the level of Blood glucose and lipid profile among diabetic patients(121 patients) which are compared with non-diabetic subjects (60 persons) and part two is to correlate lipid profile with cardiovascular abnormalities among type II diabetic patients. The diabetic patients were collected from Jabir Aboeleiz Center for Diabetes (51.9±11.22 years). Sixty healthy non-diabetic subjects were chosen as controls (52.44±10.76years). Blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were measured by enzymatic colorimetric methods in both groups, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) was calculated for each sample. Among diabetic patients, there is high glucose level, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol (p<0.5), while low level of HDL cholesterol was observed when compared to non-diabetic subjects. No statistically variation was found in the level of glucose and lipid profile between male and female diabetic patients. In our study, we have found that serum lipid - cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein - levels were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated to cardiovascular abnormalities, while HDL had shown a statistically non-significant correlation (p>0.05). The study concluded that higher level of cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic subjects with lower level of serum HDL-cholesterol in diabetic patient compared to non- diabetic subjects.Keywords: Diabetic, Insulin, Mellitus and lipid.
The role of blood pressures in patients with a headache
Authors: Mazdeh Mehrdokht , Khazaei Mojtaba , Sayad Arezou , Zebarjadi Bagherpour Javad , Taheri Mohammad 
Published: November 2016

Background: A headache is the most common cause of patients referred to the doctor. About 40 percent of people are suffering from a headache for at least once a year. Due to it's the high prevalence and its association with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension was considered as a health problem in industrialized and developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of blood pressure in patients with a headache referred to the neurological clinic during 2014-2015 in Hamadan.Method: This cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate patients with a headache referred to the neurological clinic. Exclusion criteria included: a headache with a specific cause (a migraine, stroke, chronic daily headache, kidney disease, Diabetes Mellitus, history of heart disease or use of cigarette. The data were entered into the list and then were analyzed by SPSS software through paired T-test and chi-square test.Results: In this study, the 100 patients with a headache (78% females and 22% males) were investigated. The average age of patients was 60.07±13.175 years. The prevalence of stage 1 & 2 hypertension was 85%, and prehypertension prevalence of 7% was reported. Most of the headaches were in the frontal (33 %). Furthermore, the most headaches occur in varied time (70%). There wasn’t a significant correlation between age (P-value=0.698), gender (P-value=0.952), headache and blood pressure.Conclusion: The results obtained from the present study indicated that there was not any significant correlation between a headache and blood pressure, and the prevalence of blood pressure in the patients with a headache was similar to those who do not have headaches.Keywords: Blood Pressure, Hypertension, Headache
Maternidade e trabalho: algumas reflexões sobre mulheres em ocupações de nível superior
Authors: Jr. Cláudio Santiago Dias , Verona Ana Paula 
Published: November 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é examinar como mulheres em ocupação de nível superior conciliam trabalho fora do ambiente doméstico e maternidade, ao longo de suas vidas e carreiras. A hipótese principal sugere que determinadas características das ocupações das mulheres podem demandar diferentes estratégias em relação ao momento e à quantidade de filhos. Foram realizadas entrevistas com mulheres de trinta anos e mais de idade, em ocupações de nível superior, residentes em Belo Horizonte (MG) em 2011. Os resultados apresentam diferentes trajetórias e estratégias encontradas pelas mulheres, apontam a dificuldade em conciliar trabalho e maternidade e revelam sonhos, desejos e angústias.
An Evaluation of the Antioxidant Status and Antimicrobial Activity of the Methanol Extract of Ocimum Gratissimum
Authors: Souda Sajini , Saramma George , Goercke Irene , Chabaesele Kelvin , Mannathoko Naledi 
Published: November 2016

<div><p><em>Herbal drug therapy is regarded as an important alternative for the treatment of chronic and infectious disease. Ocimum gratissimum has been used extensively in traditional medicine in many countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant status and antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum (MEOG) and to establish that the antimicrobial activity is due to its antioxidant potentials. The total antioxidant status was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays and the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method to determine total phenolic content of the MEOG. The antimicrobial effect was determined by agar diffusion and broth dilution method against different ATCC strains of pathogenic bacteria. Zones of inhibition, minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined. The results indicate that the antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of MEOG is mainly due to its total phenolic content and bioactive ingredients like tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, quinones and terpenoids. The MEOG was found microbicidal against all tested gram positive and negative organisms and against the fungus, Candida albicans. The MIC for gram positive organisms ranged between 0.117 – 7.5mg/ml and for gram negative organisms the range were between 0.469 – 3.75 mg/ml. The MBC for the gram positive bacteria ranged from 0.117mg/ml – 15 mg/ml and for gram negative bacteria from 3.75 mg/ml- 15 mg/ml. In conclusion, MEOG can be used in the treatment of skin infections due to bacteria and fungus and also in the respiratory and gastro intestinal infections due to its antioxidant properties.<strong></strong></em></p></div>
Characterization of the Syk-Dependent T Cell Signaling Response to an Altered Peptide
Authors: Park Jeoung-Eun , Rotondo Jeffrey A. , Cullins David L. , Brand David D. , Yi Ae-Kyung , Stuart John M. , Kang Andrew H. , Myers Linda K. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by T cell dysregulation. We have shown that an altered peptide ligand (A9) activates T cells to use an alternate signaling pathway that is dependent on FcRγ and spleen tyrosine kinase, resulting in downregulation of inflammation. In the experiments described in this study, we have attempted to determine the molecular basis of this paradox. Three major Src family kinases found in T cells (Lck, Fyn, and Lyn) were tested for activation following stimulation by A9/I-Aq. Unexpectedly we found they are not required for T cell functions induced by A9/I-Aq, nor are they required for APL stimulation of cytokines. On the other hand, the induction of the second messenger inositol trisphosphate and the mobilization of calcium are clearly triggered by the APL A9/I-Aq stimulation and are required for cytokine production, albeit the cytokines induced are different from those produced after activation of the canonical pathway. DBA/1 mice doubly deficient in IL-4 and IL-10 were used to confirm that these two cytokines are important for the APL-induced attenuation of arthritis. These studies provide a basis for exploring the effectiveness of analog peptides and the inhibitory T cells they induce as therapeutic tools for autoimmune arthritis.
Cutting Edge: T Regulatory Cell Depletion Reactivates Latent Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) in Controller Macaques While Boosting SIV-Specific T Lymphocytes
Authors: He Tianyu , Brocca-Cofano Egidio , Policicchio Benjamin B. , Sivanandham Ranjit , Gautam Rajeev , Raehtz Kevin D. , Xu Cuiling , Pandrea Ivona , Apetrei Cristian 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
T regulatory cells (Tregs) are critical in shaping the latent HIV/SIV reservoir, as they are preferentially infected, reverse CD4+ T cell activation status, and suppress CTL responses. To reactivate latent virus and boost cell-mediated immune responses, we performed in vivo Treg depletion with Ontak (denileukin diftitox) in two SIVsab-infected controller macaques. Ontak induced significant (&gt;75%) Treg depletion and major CD4+ T cell activation, and only minimally depleted CD8+ T cells. The overall ability of Tregs to control immune responses was significantly impaired despite their incomplete depletion, resulting in both reactivation of latent virus (virus rebound to 103 viral RNA copies/ml plasma in the absence of antiretroviral therapy) and a significant boost of SIV-specific CD8+ T cell frequency, with rapid clearance of reactivated virus. As none of the latency-reversing agents in development have such dual activity, our strategy holds great promise for cure research.
Sample Treatment in Pesticide Residue Determination in Food by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Are Generic Extraction Methods the End of the Road?
Authors: Romero-González Roberto , Liébanas Francisco Javier Arrebola , López-Ruiz Rosalía , Frenich Antonia Garrido 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The use of high-resolution MS (HRMS) is becoming popular in laboratories for the determination of pesticide residues in food commodities. The recent improvements in the instrumentation have helped to increase the number of active compounds and transformation products that can be monitored within a simple chromatographic run. However, prior to instrumental determination, it is necessary to perform a nonspecific, or generic, sample treatment that allows the efficient extraction of several compounds with very relevant differences in their physical and chemical properties. In this sense, the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method and its several modifications and the “dilute-and-shoot” extraction methodology have already revealed an enormous potential for their use together with chromatographic techniques coupled to HRMS. The potentiality and limitations of such a methodological combination have been evaluated in terms of sensitivity and selectivity when they are applied to the analysis of complex food matrixes. An evaluation of the scope of the methods, in terms of efficiency of the extraction and ionization steps, as well as the matrix effect, has also been carried out. Different solutions for the matrix effect have been considered, including improvement in clean-up steps, sample dilution, and matrix compensation by matrix-matched calibration or by the use of isotopically labeled standards.
Desenvolvimento, planejamento e governança: expressões do debate contemporâneo
Authors: Rodrigues Jondison , Hoshi Simone Shizue da Costa , Curcino Wanderson Dos Anjos , Amaral Vanessa Silva do 
Published: November 2016

O livro Desenvolvimento, planejamento e governança: expressões do debate contemporâneo, lança o debate sobre o momento que o Brasil vive neste início de século XXI, a partir da dimensão econômica, politica, social e cultural. O livro também “nasce” de duas outras razões. A primeira razão da construção dessa coletânea/livro deveu-se ao resultado do XV Encontro Nacional da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Planejamento Urbano e Regional (ANPUR), realizado em maio de 2013, em Recife. A segunda razão deve-se a comemoração dos 30 anos da ANPUR. Essa obra busca contribuir para lançar ou mudar aquilo que Alain Corbin deixa implícito (com reflexão profunda), no livro Saberes e odores: o olfato e o imaginário social nos séculos dezoito e dezenove (CORBIN, 1987), ao pontuar sobre a relevância de redefinir o insuportável ou a mudança dos odores. “Cheiros” esses emitidos/produzidos do processo de desenvolvimento econômico europeu no século XVIII e XIX.
A relação entre renda e nível educacional e a experiência dos trabalhadores nos diferentes estratos de rendimentos no Norte do Brasil
Authors: Queiroz Luan Oliveira , Cassuce Francisco Carlos da Cunha , Cirino Jader Fernandes 
Published: November 2016

A ideia é analisar os efeitos da educação e da experiência dos indivíduos sobre seus ganhos salariais nos diferentes estratos de rendimento da região Norte do Brasil. A metodologia adotada para o estudo utiliza o Modelo Econométrico de Regressão Quantílica com base nas informações disponibilizadas da PNAD 2013, onde se retirou os dados sobre os rendimentos e as variáveis de caracterização socioeconômicas destes indivíduos. Os resultados indicaram que a experiência do trabalhador e a sua escolaridade relacionamse positivamente com o rendimento destes trabalhadores, com a ressalva da relação não linear entre a experiência e a renda. A análise dos impactos da educação e da experiência sobre a renda nos distintos estratos mostrou que os retornos são maiores à medida que os indivíduos apresentam maiores rendimentos. Enquanto que a análise dos efeitos marginais apontou que concluir o ensino médio tem maior impacto sobre o ganho daqueles que obtêm menores rendimentos.