bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maize endosperm-specific transcription factors O2 and PBF network the regulation of protein and starch synthesis
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Zheng Xixi , Yang Jun , Messing Joachim , Wu Yongrui 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Nutritional quality and yield are equally important considerations in crop breeding, although they sometimes appear at odds. In this work we made the discovery that these traits are linked through regulation by two transcription factors. Mutations that affect the expression of these transcription factors can improve the nutritional quality of the seed but also can reduce kernel yield and hardness. Therefore future corn-breeding programs should silence zein genes directly, not by blocking transcription factors.
Modelling the small punch tensile behaviour of an aerospace alloy
Authors: Lancaster R. J. , Illsley H. W. , Davies G. R. , Jeffs S. P. , Baxter G. J. 
Published: September 2016

The small punch (SP) test is a widely accepted methodology for obtaining mechanical property information from limited material quantities. Much research has presented the creep, tensile and fracture responses of numerous materials gathered from small-scale testing approaches. This is of particular interest for alloy down selection of next-generation materials and in situ mechanical assessments. However, to truly understand the evolution of deformation of the miniature disc specimen, an accurate and detailed understanding of the progressive damage is necessary. This paper will utilise the SP test to assess the tensile properties of several Ti–6Al–4V materials across different temperature regimes. Fractographic investigations will establish the contrasting damage mechanisms and finite element modelling through DEFORM software is employed to characterise specimen deformation. This paper is part of a thematic issue on the 9th International Charles Parsons Turbine and Generator Conference. All papers have been revised and extended before publication in Materials Science and Technology.
Scholarly Addiction:Doctor Faustusand the Drama of Devotion
Authors: Lemon Rebecca 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWhenThe English Faust Bookdescribes Faustus as addicted to study and Marlowe’sDoctor Faustusdepicts necromantic books as “ravishing,” these texts draw on classical and Renaissance notions of laudable addiction. Following its Latin origin in contract law,addictionappears in sixteenth-century writings as service, dedication, and devotion. Tracing invocations of addiction from Cicero to Perkins, this essay explores the influence of Calvin and Calvinist-minded Cambridge divines throughDoctor Faustus’spreoccupation with the challenge of addicted commitment. If Calvinists praise committed devotion, Marlowe challenges such views by staging the terror as well as the wonder of addictive release.
Mapping the Frontier between Islam and Christendom in a Diplomatic Age: al-Ghassânî in Spain
Authors: Zhiri Oumelbanine 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis essay analyzes the travel account authored by Moroccan ambassador Muhammad al-Ghassânî, who visited Spain in 1690–91. The account shows the evolution of the early modern frontier between Christian Europe and Islamic North Africa, from a militarized boundary to the development of diplomatic relations. Both an agent and witness of that history, al-Ghassânî describes a heterogeneous space: he surveys the border, explores the foreign land of modern Spain, and reimagines the memory of al-Andalus. His important account, based on sharp observation and serious research, helps nuance the prevailing view that Arab culture had ignored Europe before the nineteenth century.
Resistivity distribution from mid-crustal conductor to near-surface across the 1200 km long Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault System, southern Chile
Authors: Held Sebastian , Schill Eva , Pavez Maximiliano , Díaz Daniel , Muñoz Gerard , Morata Diego , Kohl Thomas 
Published: September 2016

Summary
Mid-crustal conductors are a common phenomenon in magnetotelluric studies. In the Andean Cordillera of southern Chile, they appear to concentrate along major fault zones. A high-resolution, broad-band magnetotelluric survey including 31 stations has been carried out along two profiles perpendicular to (1) the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Systems (LOFS) and (2) the Villarrica-Quetrupillán-Lanín volcanic lineament running parallel to the Mocha-Villarrica Fault Zone (MVFZ). The survey aimed at tracing one of the known conductors from mid-crustal depth to near-surface along these faults. Directionality and dimensionality were analysed using tensor decomposition. Phase tensors and induction arrows reveal two major geoelectric strike directions following the strike of LOFS and MVFZ. 2-D inversion shows low resistivity zones along both fault systems down to a depth of &gt;10 km, where the brittle-ductile transition is expected. Along the LOFS, the two anomalies are linked to (1) Lake Caburgua, where the LOFS broadens to about 2 km of lateral extension and seems to represent a pull-apart structure, and (2) the intersection with the Villarrica-Quetrupillán-Lanín volcanic lineament, where seismic activity was observed during the latest eruption in March 2015. A connection of the mid-crustal conductor to the ESE-WNW-striking fault zones is indicated from the presented data.
Precision prediction of the log power spectrum
Authors: Repp A. , Szapudi I. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
At translinear scales, the log power spectrum captures significantly more cosmological information than the standard power spectrum. At high wavenumbers k, the Fisher information in the standard power spectrum P(k) fails to increase in proportion to k, in part due to correlations between large- and small-scale modes. As a result, P(k) suffers from an information plateau on these translinear scales, so that analysis with the standard power spectrum cannot access the information contained in these small-scale modes. The log power spectrum PA(k), on the other hand, captures the majority of this otherwise lost information. Until now there has been no means of predicting the amplitude of the log power spectrum apart from cataloging the results of simulations. We here present a cosmology-independent prescription for the log power spectrum; this prescription displays accuracy comparable to that of Smith et al., over a range of redshifts and smoothing scales, and for wavenumbers up to 1.5 h Mpc−1.
Evidence for multiple populations in the intermediate-age cluster Lindsay 1 in the SMC
Authors: Hollyhead K. , Kacharov N. , Lardo C. , Bastian N. , Hilker M. , Rejkuba M. , Koch A. , Grebel E. K. , Georgiev I. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Lindsay 1 is an intermediate-age (≈8 Gyr) massive cluster in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Using VLT FORS2 spectra of 16 probable cluster members on the lower red giant branch of the cluster, we measure CN and CH band strengths (at ≃ 3883 and 4300 Å, respectively), along with carbon and nitrogen abundances and find that a sub-population of stars has significant nitrogen enrichment. A lack of spread in carbon abundances excludes evolutionary mixing as the source of this enrichment, so we conclude that this is evidence of multiple populations. Therefore, Lindsay 1 is the youngest cluster to show such variations, implying that the process triggering the onset of multiple populations must operate until at least redshift ∼1.
Peritoneal Lavage in Complicated Acute Diverticulitis
Authors: Escalante G Ricardo , Bustamante-Lopez Leonardo , Lizcano Ana , Acosta M Bernardo 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess laparoscopic lavage in patients with acute diverticulitis.

Background:
In recent times, laparoscopic peritoneal lavage has been considered a therapeutic alternative to standard resection procedures. In Hinchey III diverticulitis there is the possibility of avoiding ostomies or resection procedures.

Study:
This retrospective study was conducted in a single-care institution.

Results:
Patients requiring emergency surgery for perforated diverticulitis and generalized peritonitis between March 2011 and May 2014 were identified from a prospective database. Seventy-two patients underwent surgery for diverticulitis. Forty-three patients presented with generalized peritonitis (Hinchey III) and 29 with gross fecal contamination (Hinchey IV). From the Hinchey III group, 17 patients (39.5%), with a median age of 56.8 years, were selected to undergo peritoneal lavage.
Postoperative length of stay was 4.2 days, the rate of minor complications was 35%, that of major complications was 0%, and mortality rate was 0%. Over a median follow-up of 24.6 months none required reoperation.

Conclusions:
The number of patients selected for laparoscopic lavage in the management of perforated diverticulitis is increasing as it provides an alternative to Hartmann’s procedure in emergency cases. This approach should be considered suitable for patients without important comorbidities, and only in centers experienced in laparoscopic surgery. It reduces the length of hospital stay. Morbidity and mortality are lower than in those in whom resection was considered necessary. Longer follow-up and results of other trials will be necessary to draw an adequate conclusion.
Prevalence of Colonic Diverticulosis in Patients Affected by Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Cassieri Claudio , Pica Roberta , Avallone Eleonora V. , Zippi Maddalena , Crispino Pietro , De Nitto Daniela , Paoluzi Paolo , Brandimarte Giovanni , Lecca Piera Giuseppina , Elisei Walter , Picchio Marcello , Tursi Antonio 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Diverticulosis of the colon is an acquired condition that results from herniation of the mucosa and submucosa through defects in the muscular layer. The true prevalence of colonic diverticulosis is difficult to measure because most individuals are asymptomatic. In particularly, in literature, there are few studies about the prevalence of colonic diverticulosis in patients affected by ulcerative colitis (UC).

Goals:
To investigate the prevalence of colonic diverticulosis in UC and in adult patients referred in a single center.

Study:
Consecutive patients, referred to our institution to undergo a colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening and/or for UC assessment, between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014, were studied.

Results:
Six hundred five consecutive patients were studied: 438 (72.4%) due to colorectal cancer screening (group A) and 167 (27.6%) for UC assessment (group B). Prevalence of colonic diverticulosis was higher in group A than group B (27.8% vs. 10.8%, P<0.0001). Female gender in patients with colonic diverticulosis was higher in group A than group B (55.7% vs. 22.2%, P=0.0106). Sigma and left colon was mainly involved in group A than group B (97.6% vs. 66.7%, P=0.0001), whereas in group B the right colon was mainly involved in group B versus group A (22.2% vs. 0.8%, P=0.0009).

Conclusions:
Prevalence of colonic diverticulosis was significantly lower in patients with UC than in control group. UC may, therefore, be a protective factor for colonic diverticulosis occurrence.
Rifaximin and midodrine improve clinical outcome in refractory ascites including renal function, weight loss, and short-term survival
Authors: Hanafy Amr S. , Hassaneen Ahmad M. 
Published: September 2016

Backgrounds and aims
The occurrence of refractory ascites in nearly 17% of patients with decompensated cirrhosis is an unresolved issue. Advanced liver disease, functional renal impairment, and vascular insensitivity to vasopressors are the main causes of its refractoriness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on diuresis, weight loss, and short-term survival if midodrine and rifaximin were added to the diuretic therapy (DT).

Materials and methods
The study evaluated the eligibility of 650 patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites who were selected during the period from November 2011 to May 2015. A total of 50 patients were excluded and finally 600 were selected and divided into the following groups: patients exposed to DT (n=200) as a control group, or DT with midodrine and rifaximin group (n=400). Body weight, mean arterial pressure, and glomerular filtration rate were determined. Plasma renin and aldosterone were also determined. Follow-up was performed after 2, 6, and 12 weeks, and then every 2 months for 24 months.

Results
The mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in the midodrine and rifaximin group (P=0.000), and there was a highly significant weight loss after 12 weeks (12.5 kg) (P=0.000), a highly significant increase in serum sodium, urine output, and urinary sodium excretion (P=0.000), and creatinine clearance was more reduced in the control group. With rifaximin and midodrine, a complete response occurred in 310 (78%) patients, a partial response in 72 (18%), and no response in 18 (4%) versus 30 (15%), 110 (55%), and 60 (30%) in the control group, respectively (P=0.000). Midodrine and rifaximin significantly reduced paracentesis needs when compared with the controls (18 study patients vs. 75 DT-only patients, P=0.000).

Conclusion
Adding rifaximin and midodrine to DT enhanced diuresis in refractory ascites with improved systemic, renal hemodynamics and short-term survival.
The Economic Burden of Prescription Opioid Overdose, Abuse, and Dependence in the United States, 2013
Authors: Florence Curtis S. , Zhou Chao , Luo Feijun , Xu Likang 
Published: September 2016

Importance:
It is important to understand the magnitude and distribution of the economic burden of prescription opioid overdose, abuse, and dependence to inform clinical practice, research, and other decision makers. Decision makers choosing approaches to address this epidemic need cost information to evaluate the cost effectiveness of their choices.

Objective:
To estimate the economic burden of prescription opioid overdose, abuse, and dependence from a societal perspective.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
Incidence of fatal prescription opioid overdose from the National Vital Statistics System, prevalence of abuse and dependence from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health. Fatal data are for the US population, nonfatal data are a nationally representative sample of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population ages 12 and older. Cost data are from various sources including health care claims data from the Truven Health MarketScan Research Databases, and cost of fatal cases from the WISQARS (Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System) cost module. Criminal justice costs were derived from the Justice Expenditure and Employment Extracts published by the Department of Justice. Estimates of lost productivity were based on a previously published study.

Exposure:
Calendar year 2013.

Main Outcomes and Measures:
Monetized burden of fatal overdose and abuse and dependence of prescription opioids.

Results:
The total economic burden is estimated to be $78.5 billion. Over one third of this amount is due to increased health care and substance abuse treatment costs ($28.9 billion). Approximately one quarter of the cost is borne by the public sector in health care, substance abuse treatment, and criminal justice costs.

Conclusions and Relevance:
These estimates can assist decision makers in understanding the magnitude of adverse health outcomes associated with prescription opioid use such as overdose, abuse, and dependence.
Condition-dependent sex: who does it, when and why?
Authors: Ram Yoav , Hadany Lilach 
Published: September 2016

We review the phenomenon of condition-dependent sex—where individuals' condition affects the likelihood that they will reproduce sexually rather than asexually. In recent years, condition-dependent sex has been studied both theoretically and empirically. Empirical results in microbes, fungi and plants support the theoretical prediction that negative condition-dependent sex, in which individuals in poor condition are more likely to reproduce sexually, can be evolutionarily advantageous under a wide range of settings. Here, we review the evidence for condition-dependent sex and its potential implications for the long-term survival and adaptability of populations. We conclude by asking why condition-dependent sex is not more commonly observed, and by considering generalizations of condition-dependent sex that might apply even for obligate sexuals.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction’.
Directed Network Discovery with Dynamic Network Modeling
Authors: Anzellotti Stefano , Kliemann Dorit , Jacoby Nir , Saxe Rebecca 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCognitive tasks recruit multiple brain regions. Understanding how these regions influence each other (the network structure) is an important step to characterize the neural basis of cognitive processes. Often, limited evidence is available to restrict the range of hypotheses a priori, and techniques that sift efficiently through a large number of possible network structures are needed (network discovery). This article introduces a novel modeling technique for network discovery (Dynamic Network Modeling or DNM) that builds on ideas from Granger Causality and Dynamic Causal Modeling introducing three key changes: 1) regularization is exploited for efficient network discovery, 2) the magnitude and sign of each influence are tested with a random effects model across participants, and 3) variance explained in independent data is used as an absolute (rather than relative) measure of the quality of the network model. In this article, we outline the functioning of DNM and we report an example of its application to the investigation of influences between regions during emotion recognition. Across two experiments, DNM individuates a stable set of influences between face-selective regions during emotion recognition.New and NoteworthyIn this article we introduce a new analysis method (Dynamic Network Mod- elling or DNM) which exploitsℓ1regularization to perform efficient for network discovery. DNM provides information about the direction and sign (inhibitory vs excitatory) of influences between brain regions, and generates measures of variance explained in independent data to evaluate quality of fit. The method is applied to brain regions engaged in emotion recognition, individuating a similar network structure across two separate experiments.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis of fish immune cells provides insight into the evolution of vertebrate immunity
Authors: Carmona Santiago J. , Teichmann Sarah A. , Ferreira Lauren , Macaulay Iain C. , Stubbington Michael J.T. , Cvejic Ana , Gfeller David 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe immune system of vertebrate species consists of many different cell types that have distinct functional roles and are subject to different evolutionary pressures. Here, we first analysed gene conservation of all major immune cell types in human and mouse. Our results revealed higher gene turnover and faster evolution of trans-membrane proteins in NK cells compared to other immune cell populations, and especially T cells, but similar conservation of nuclear and cytoplasmic protein coding genes. To validate these findings in a distant vertebrate species, we used single-cell RNA-Sequencing oflck:GFPcells in zebrafish to obtain the first transcriptome of specific immune cell types in a non-mammalian species. Unsupervised clustering and single-cell TCR locus reconstruction identified three cell populations, T-cells, a novel type of NK-like cells and a smaller population of myeloid-like cells. Differential expression analysis uncovered new immune cell specific genes, including novel immunoglobulin-like receptors, and neofunctionalization of recently duplicated paralogs. Evolutionary analyses confirmed a higher gene turnover and lower conservation of trans-membrane proteins in NK cells compared to T cells in fish species, suggesting that this is a general property of immune cell types across all vertebrates.
A note on detecting statistical outliers in psychophysical data
Authors: Jones Pete R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper considers how best to identify statistical outliers in psychophysical datasets, where the underlying sampling distributions are unknown. Eight methods are described, and each is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations of a typical psychophysical experiment. The best method is shown to be one based on a measure of absolute-deviation known asSn. This method is shown to be more accurate than popular heuristics based on standard deviations from the mean, and more robust than non-parametric methods based on interquartile range. Matlab code for computingSnis included.
Universal attenuators and their interactions with feedback loops in gene regulatory networks
Authors: Liu Dianbo , Albergante Luca , Newman Timothy J 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUsing a combination of mathematical modelling, statistical simulation and large-scale data analysis we study the properties of linear regulatory chains (LRCs) within gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Our modelling indicates that downstream genes embedded within LRCs are highly insulated from the variation in expression of upstream genes, and thus LRCs act as attenuators. This observation implies a progressively weaker functionality of LRCs as their length increases. When analysing the preponderance of LRCs in the GRNs ofE. coliK12 and several other organisms, we find that very long LRCs are essentially absent. In bothE. coliandM. tuberculosiswe find that four-gene LRCs are intimately linked to identical feedback loops that are involved in potentially chaotic stress response, indicating that the dynamics of these potentially destabilising motifs are strongly restrained under homeostatic conditions. The same relationship is observed in a human cancer cell line (K562), and we postulate that four-gene LRCs act as “universal attenuators”. These findings suggest a role for long LRCs in dampening variation in gene expression, thereby protecting cell identity, and in controlling dramatic shifts in cell-wide gene expression through inhibiting chaos-generating motifs.In briefWe present a general principle that linear regulatory chains exponentially attenuate the range of expression in gene regulatory networks. The discovery of a universal interplay between linear regulatory chains and genetic feedback loops in microorganisms and a human cancer cell line is analysed and discussed.HighlightsWithin gene networks, linear regulatory chains act as exponentially strong attenuators of upstream variationBecause of their exponential behaviour, linear regulatory chains beyond a few genes provide no additional functionality and are rarely observed in gene networks across a range of different organismsNovel interactions between four-gene linear regulatory chains and feedback loops were discovered inE. coli, M. tuberculosisand human cancer cells, suggesting a universal mechanism of control.