bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biologically active compounds released and extraction efficiency of cantaloupe juice treated with combination of Rapidase EX color and Accellerase
Authors: Naknaen Phisut 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of concentrations of mixed enzymes (Rapidase EX Color and Accellerase) and incubation times on the release of biologically active compounds and the extraction efficiency of cantaloupe juice.

Design/methodology/approach
Different concentrations of the mixed enzymes (0.25-1.0 per cent) and incubation times (1-5 h) were used. The yield, clarity, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities were investigated.

Findings
The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, β-carotene, ascorbic acid content and antioxidant capacities as evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power were approximately 6, 3.25, 3, 2.5, 3.5 and 3.0 times higher than the control samples after incubating with 0.5 per cent enzyme for 2 h (p < 0.05). This condition was recommended to promote the release of biologically active compounds and still provided a 32 per cent increase in the amount of the extracted juice.

Practical implications
Cantaloupe juice produced by enzymatic treatment could be claimed to be a source of health enhancing compounds. This work could be used as a guideline for the industry to develop high value-added functional drinks from cantaloupe.

Originality/value
This study evaluates for the first study on the application of Rapidase EX Color and Accellerase for improving the phytochemical compounds in cantaloupe juice. This technique could successfully extract the cantaloupe juice with biologically active nutrients containing beneficial health effects.
System leadership development in Children’s Centres in the UK
Authors: Stuart Kaz , Wilcox Megan 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This study aims to establish the complex nature of leadership in children’s centres in the UK and to demonstrate the value of system leadership as a vital concept for children’s centre leadership.

Design/methodology/approach
The study presents a case study of leadership development with 24 leaders of children’s centres across Hertfordshire.

Findings
The study considers the efficacy of system leadership, including distributed leadership, within this setting. Evaluation of the programme found that the concept of system leadership was appropriate, supportive and validating for leaders of children’s centres; however, the concept needed support with further practical tools and resources.

Research limitations/implications
The limitation of the study is its specificity to one local authority, and further research will be needed to see how generalisable the findings are.

Practical implications
The implication of the study is that leaders of children’s centres could be supported to work more effectively with system leadership.

Social implications
When leaders of children’s centres feel effective, they have enhanced well-being and achieve more outcomes, which in turn enhances the well-being of the children and families that they serve.

Originality/value
Leadership in children’s centres is an under-researched and under-supported area. This study makes a new contribution to this sector of leadership.
Molecular characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae, particularly serotype19A/ST320, which emerged in Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Authors: Protasova Irina N. , Wan Tsai‐Wen , Bakhareva Natalya V. , Hung Wei‐Chun , Higuchi Wataru , Iwao Yasuhisa , Yelistratova Tatyana A. , Ilyenkova Natalya A. , Sokolovskaya Yelena S. , Martynova Galina P. , Reva Ivan V. , Reva Galina V. , Sidorenko Sergey V. , Teng Lee‐Jene , Peryanova Olga V. , Salmina Alla B. , Yamamoto Tatsuo 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTStreptococcus pneumoniae, a common human pathogen, colonizes the nasopharynx and causes diseases including acute otitis media (AOM). Herein, pneumococcal serotype distributions in children before and after PCV7 vaccination and in patients with pneumococcal disease in Siberian Russia (Krasnoyarsk) are reported. Analyses included antimicrobial susceptibility testing, sequence typing (ST), pulsed field gel electrophoresis, virulence‐related surface protein gene (VSG) typing with novel primers and structural analysis by scanning electron microscopy. In healthy children (HC) prior to administration of PCV7, drug‐susceptible serotype23F/ST1500 was a major pneumococcal genotype. In the PCV7 trial, multidrug‐resistant serotype19A/ST320 emerged in vaccinees after PCV7, exhibiting a PCV7‐induced serotype replacement. Multidrug‐resistant serotype19A/ST320 was evident in patients with AOM. Community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) isolates showed genetic similarities to the AOM (ST320) genotype, constituting a common non‐invasive AOM–CAP group. In contrast, meningitis isolates were more divergent. Overall, 25 ST types were identified; five (20%) of which were Krasnoyarsk‐native. Regarding VSGs, PI‐1 (rlrA/rrgB), PI‐2 (pitA/B), psrP and cbpA were present at 54.3%, 38.6%, 48.6%, and 95.7%, respectively, with two major VSG content types, PI‐1−/PI‐2−/psrP+/cbpA+ and PI‐1+/PI‐2+/psrP‐/cbpA+, being found for HC and non‐invasive diseases, respectively. A major clone of serotype19A/ST320 (PI‐1+/PI‐2+) produced the longest pneumococcal wire (pilus) structures in colonies. ST1016 (PI‐1−/PI‐2−) in HC had HEp‐2 cell‐adherent pili. These results suggest that serotype19A/ST320 and related genotypes, with the VSG content type PI‐1+/PI‐2+/psrP−/cbpA+, emerged in vaccinees after PCV7 in Siberia, accompanying diseases in non‐vaccinated children, and that some genotypes (serotypes19A/ST320 and 18/ST1016) produced novel pneumococcal structures, predicting their roles in colony formation and adherence.
Realistic heat pulses protect frogs from disease under simulated rainforest frog thermal regimes
Authors: Greenspan Sasha E. , Bower Deborah S. , Webb Rebecca J. , Roznik Elizabeth A. , Stevenson Lisa A. , Berger Lee , Marantelli Gerry , Pike David A. , Schwarzkopf Lin , Alford Ross A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Recent emergences of fungal diseases have caused catastrophic global losses of biodiversity. Temperature is one of the most important factors influencing host–fungus associations but the effects of temperature variability on disease development are rarely examined.

The chytrid pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has had severe effects on populations of hundreds of rainforest‐endemic amphibian species but we know little about the effects of rainforest‐specific host body temperature cycles on infection patterns.

To address this challenge, we used body temperature regimes experienced in nature by frogs in the Australian Wet Tropics to guide a controlled experiment investigating the effects of body temperature fluctuations on infection patterns in a model host (Litoria spenceri), with emphasis on exposing frogs to realistic “heat pulses” that only marginally exceed the thermal optimum of the fungus. We then exposed cultured Bd to an expanded array of heat pulse treatments and measured parameters of population growth to help resolve the role of host immunity in our in vivo results.

Infections developed more slowly in frogs exposed to daily 4‐hr heat pulses of 26°C or 29°C than in frogs in constant temperature treatments without heat pulses (control). Frogs that experienced heat pulses were also less likely to exceed infection intensities at which morbidity and mortality become likely. Ten of 11 (91%) frogs from the daily 29°C heat pulse treatment even cleared their infections after approximately 9 weeks.

Cultured Bd also grew more slowly when exposed to heat pulses than in constant‐temperature control treatments, suggesting that mild heat pulses have direct negative effects on Bd growth in nature, but precluding us from determining whether there was a concurrent benefit of heat pulses to host immunity.

Our results suggest that even in habitats where average temperatures may be suitable for fungal growth and reproduction, infection risk or the outcome of existing infections may be heavily influenced by short but frequent exposures to temperatures that only slightly exceed the optimum for the fungus.

Our findings provide support for management interventions that promote warm microenvironments for hosts, such as small‐scale removal of branches overhanging critical habitat or provision of artificial heat sources.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Impact of Cost‐Sharing Increases on Continuity of Specialty Drug Use: A Quasi‐Experimental Study
Authors: Li Pengxiang , Hu Tianyan , Yu Xinyan , Chahin Salim , Dahodwala Nabila , Blum Marissa , Pettit Amy R. , Doshi Jalpa A. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of cost‐sharing increases on continuity of specialty drug use in Medicare beneficiaries with multiple sclerosis (MS) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Data Sources/Study SettingFive percent Medicare claims data (2007–2010).Study DesignQuasi‐experimental study examining changes in specialty drug use among a group of Medicare Part D beneficiaries without low‐income subsidies (non‐LIS) as they transitioned from a 5 percent cost‐sharing preperiod to a ≥25 percent cost‐sharing postperiod, as compared to changes among a disease‐matched contemporaneous control group of patients eligible for full low‐income subsidies (LIS), who faced minor cost sharing (≤$6.30 copayment) in both the pre‐ and postperiods.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsKey variables were extracted from Medicare data.Principal FindingsRelative to the LIS group, the non‐LIS group had a greater increase in incidence of 30‐day continuous gaps in any Part D treatment from the lower cost‐sharing period to the higher cost‐sharing period (MS, absolute increase = 10.1 percent, OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.19–2.17; RA, absolute increase = 21.9 percent, OR = 2.75, 95% CI 2.15–3.51). The increase in Part D treatment gaps was not offset by increased Part B specialty drug use.ConclusionsCost‐sharing increases due to specialty tier‐level cost sharing were associated with interruptions in MS and RA specialty drug treatments.
Evasin‐displaying lactic acid bacteria bind different chemokines and neutralize CXCL8 production in Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Škrlec Katja , Pucer Janež Anja , Rogelj Boris , Štrukelj Borut , Berlec Aleš 
Published: July 2017

SummaryChemokines are key signals in the immune system and play an important role as proinflammatory mediators in the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, making them an important target for therapy. Recombinant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were engineered to bind CC and CXC chemokines by displaying chemokine‐binding proteins evasin‐1, evasin‐3 and evasin‐4 on their surface. Evasin genes were cloned into lactococcal surface display vector and overexpressed in L. lactis NZ9000 and NZ9000ΔhtrA in fusion with secretion signal and surface anchor. Evasin‐displaying bacteria removed from 15% to 90% of 11 different chemokines from the solution as determined with ELISA and Luminex multiplexing assays, whereby L. lactis NZ9000ΔhtrA proved more efficient. Lactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 was coated with L. . lactis‐expressed evasin fusion protein, and its ability to bind chemokines was also confirmed. Evasin‐3‐displaying L. lactis removed 76.0% of IL‐1β‐induced CXCL8 from the supernatant of Caco‐2 epithelial cells. It also prevented secretion of CXCL8 from Caco‐2 cells in a time‐dependent manner when added before induction with IL‐1β. Evasin‐displaying LAB have the ability to bind multiple chemokines simultaneously and exert synergistic activity. This innovative treatment approach therefore has the potential for mucosal therapy of inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer.
Hydrologic Landscape Classification to Estimate Bristol Bay, Alaska Watershed Hydrology
Authors: Todd M. Jason , Wigington Parker J. , Sproles Eric A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHydrologic landscapes (HLs) have proven to be a useful tool for broad scale assessment and classification of landscapes across the United States as they help organize larger geographical areas into areas of similar hydrologic characteristics. We developed a HL classification for the Bristol Bay watershed of southwest Alaska that incorporates indices of annual climate and seasonality, terrain, geology, and the influences of large lakes and glaciers. A HL classification is particularly useful in this large watershed because of its hydrologic and landscape variability, important salmon fishery, variety of environmental and potential anthropogenic stressors, and lack of widespread hydrologic data. Following creation of Bristol Bay basin‐wide HL classes, we compared the HL distributions within watersheds grouped by two calculated runoff parameters derived from available long‐term streamflow records and found HL distributions within these groups provided predictive insight on hydrologic behavior. Using these developed runoff groups, we estimated expected hydrologic behavior in watersheds across the larger Bristol Bay watershed that lacked gauged streamflow records. The HL approach provides a scientific basis for estimating the first‐order hydrologic behavior of watersheds and landscapes that lack detailed hydrologic information.
Parasitoid assemblage associated with a North American pine weevil in South Africa
Authors: Wondafrash Mesfin , Slippers Bernard , Garnas Jeff , Hurley Brett P. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The weevil Pissodes sp. was first reported as an introduced pest on exotic Pinus spp. in South Africa in 1942. It is only recently that the native wasp Pycnetron pix Prinsloo was described from South Africa as a parasitoid of this weevil.
We estimated the frequency and distribution of the association between P. pix and Pissodes sp., as well as the occurrence of possible other natural enemies. Parasitoids were reared from Pissodes‐infested Pinus radiata D. Don and Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham logs collected from major Pinus‐growing regions.
The identity of parasitoids was confirmed using morphological and molecular techniques. Parasitism was confirmed by analyzing gut content sequences of parasitoids.
Pycnetron pix was found parasitizing Pissodes sp. throughout major Pinus‐growing provinces of the country. Another native parasitoid, Cratocnema sp., is reported for the first time as a parasitoid of Pissodes sp. Rhopalicus tutela (Walker), a known parasitoid of Pissodes spp. in their native range, was also detected and confirmed to be of European origin.
Although characterized by an erratic distribution and a low parasitism rate, an accruing suite of natural enemies was documented, suggesting that there is potential for augmentative biological control of Pissodes sp. in South Africa.
A single base deletion in the SLC45A2 gene in a Bullmastiff with oculocutaneous albinism
Authors: Caduff M. , Bauer A. , Jagannathan V. , Leeb T. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryOculocutaneous albinism type 4 (OCA4) in humans and similar phenotypes in many animal species are caused by variants in the SLC45A2 gene, encoding a putative sugar transporter. In dog, two independent SLC45A2 variants are known that cause oculocutaneous albinism in Doberman Pinschers and several small dog breeds respectively. For the present study, we investigated a Bullmastiff with oculocutaneous albinism. The affected dog was highly inbred and resulted from the mating of a sire to its own grandmother. We obtained whole genome sequence data from the affected dog and searched specifically for variants in candidate genes known to cause albinism. We detected a single base deletion in exon 6 of the SLC45A2 gene (NM_001037947.1:c.1287delC) that has not been reported thus far. This deletion is predicted to result in an early premature stop codon. It was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and perfectly co‐segregated with the phenotype in the available family members. We genotyped 174 unrelated dogs from diverse breeds, all of which were homozygous wildtype. We therefore suggest that SLC45A2:c.1287delC causes the observed oculocutaneous albinism in the affected Bullmastiff.
A genome‐wide association study for equine recurrent airway obstruction in European Warmblood horses reveals a suggestive new quantitative trait locus on chromosome 13
Authors: Schnider D. , Rieder S. , Leeb T. , Gerber V. , Neuditschko M. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryRecurrent airway obstruction (RAO), also known as heaves, is an asthma‐like respiratory disease. Its development is strongly influenced by environmental risk factors such as sensitization and exposure to moldy hay, straw bedding and stabling indoors. A hereditary component has been documented in previous studies; however, so far no causative genetic variant that influences the risk of developing RAO has been identified. In this study, we revised an existing dataset and selected 384 horses for genotyping on the Affymetrix high‐density equine SNP array. We performed an allelic case–control genome‐wide association study, which revealed a suggestively significant association on equine chromosome 13 at 32 843 309 bp. This SNP is located in the protein‐coding gene TXNDC11, which is possibly involved in the folding process of the multiprotein complexes DUOX1 and DUOX2. In humans, these proteins are known to take part in regulating the production of H2O2 in the respiratory tract epithelium as well as in MUC5AC mucin expression. Therefore, TXNDC11 may be considered a functional candidate gene, and further research is needed to explore its potential role in RAO‐affected horses.
Investigating the genetic regulation of the expression of 63 lipid metabolism genes in the pig skeletal muscle
Authors: González‐Prendes R. , Quintanilla R. , Amills M. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryA comprehensive and systematic view of the genetic regulation of lipid metabolism genes is still lacking in pigs. Herewith, we have investigated the genetic regulation of 63 porcine genes with crucial roles in the uptake, transport, synthesis and catabolism of lipids. With this aim, we have performed an expression QTL (eQTL) scan in 104 pigs with available genotypes for the Illumina Porcine SNP60 chip and microarray measurements of gene expression in the gluteus medius muscle. Analysis of the data with gemma software revealed 13 cis‐ and 18 trans‐eQTL modulating the expression of 19 loci. Genes regulated by eQTL participated in a wide array of lipid metabolism pathways such as the β‐oxidation of fatty acids, lipid biosynthesis and lipolysis, fatty acid activation and desaturation, lipoprotein uptake, apolipoprotein assembly and cholesterol trafficking. These data provide a first picture of the genetic regulation of loci involved in porcine lipid metabolism.
A network meta‐analysis of the clinical properties of various types of supraglottic airway device in children
Authors: Mihara T. , Asakura A. , Owada G. , Yokoi A. , Ka K. , Goto T. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryWe conducted both conventional pairwise and Bayesian network meta‐analyses to compare the clinical properties of supraglottic airway devices in children. We searched six databases for randomised clinical trials. Our primary end‐points were oropharyngeal leak pressure, risk of insertion failure at first attempt, and blood staining risk. The risk of device failure, defined as the abandonment of the supraglottic airway device and replacement with a tracheal tube or another device, was also analysed. Sixty‐five randomised clinical trials with 5823 participants were identified, involving 16 types of supraglottic airway device. Network meta‐analysis showed that the i‐gel™, Cobra perilaryngeal airway™ and Proseal laryngeal mask airway (LMA®‐Proseal) showed statistically significant differences in oropharyngeal leak pressure compared with the LMA®‐Classic, with mean differences (95% credible interval, CrI) of 3.6 (1.9–5.8), 4.6 (1.7–7.6) and 3.4 (2.0–4.8) cmH2O, respectively. The i‐gel was the only device that significantly reduced the risk of blood staining of the device compared with the LMA‐Classic, with an odds ratio (95%CrI) of 0.46 (0.22–0.90). The risk (95%CI) of device failure with the LMA‐Classic, LMA®‐Unique and LMA‐Proseal was 0.36% (0.14–0.92%), 0.49% (0.13–1.8%) and 0.50% (0.23–1.1%), respectively, whereas the risk (95%CI) of the i‐gel and PRO‐Breathe was higher, at 3.4% (2.5–4.7%) and 6.0% (2.8–12.5%), respectively. The risk, expressed as odds ratio (95%CrI), of insertion failure at first attempt, was higher in patients weighing < 10 kg at 5.1 (1.6–20.1). We conclude that the LMA‐Proseal may be the best supraglottic airway device for children as it has a high oropharyngeal leak pressure and a low risk of insertion. Although the i‐gel has a high oropharyngeal leak pressure and low risk of blood staining of the device, the risk of device failure should be evaluated before its routine use can be recommended.
Unrecognized viral infections and chromosome abnormalities as a cause of fetal death – examination with fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Opsjøn Bente Ediassen , Nordbø Svein Arne , Vogt Christina 
Published: July 2017

Fifteen to 50% of fetal deaths remain unexplained after post‐mortem examination depending on inclusion criteria and classification systems. Our aim was to examine a selection of unexplained fetal deaths in order to investigate whether any common chromosome aberrations or viral infections were present. Reports from 351 fetal autopsies performed at the Department of Pathology and Medical Genetics at St. Olavs University Hospital from 2001 through 2010 were reviewed. Of these, 105 fetal deaths were classified as unexplained. Tissue samples from 30 cases were further examined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect abnormalities in chromosomes 13, 18, and 21. The samples were also examined with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect infections with cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, enterovirus, and parechovirus. In two cases, a possible trisomy 13 mosaicism was found. No viruses were detected. In our selection of 30 unexplained cases, possible trisomy 13 mosaicism was found in two cases, and no viruses were detected. High degree of maceration and missing placental examination often complicate the investigation of fetal death, and extensive ancillary examinations do not necessarily contribute to a more specific diagnosis.
Haploidentical transplantation compared with matched sibling and unrelated donor transplantation for adults with standard‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in first complete remission
Authors: Han Li‐Jie , Wang Yu , Fan Zhi‐Ping , Huang Fen , Zhou Jian , Fu Yue‐Wen , Qu Hong , Xuan Li , Xu Na , Ye Jie‐Yu , Bian Zhi‐Lei , Song Yong‐Ping , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Liu Qi‐Fa 
Published: July 2017

SummaryWe retrospectively investigated outcomes of haploidentical donor (HID) transplant for adults with standard‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in first complete remission (CR1) compared with human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched sibling donor (MSD) and HLA‐matched unrelated donor (MUD) transplants. A total of 348 adult patients were enrolled, including 127 HID, 144 MSD and 77 MUD recipients. The cumulative incidence of grade II–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) was 39·5%, 24·0% and 40·3% for HID, MSD and MUD, respectively (P = 0·020). However, there was no difference in grade III–IV aGVHD (11·4%, 7·7%, 13·5%, respectively, P = 0·468). The 5‐year cumulative transplant‐related mortality was 16·4%, 11·6% and 19·6% (P = 0·162), the 5‐year relapse rate post‐transplantation was 14·8%, 21·1% and 16·7% (P = 0·231), the 5‐year overall survival was 70·1%, 73·7% and 69·8% (P = 0·525), and the 5‐year disease‐free survival was 68·7%, 67·3% and 63·7%, respectively (P = 0·606). Furthermore, the 3‐year GVHD‐free, relapse‐free survival was not different (50·8%, 54·9% and 52·2%, respectively, P = 0·847). Our results indicate that the outcomes of HID transplants are equivalent to those of MSD and MUD, and that HID transplantation is a valid alternative for standard‐risk adults with ALL in CR1 who lack matched donors.