bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Moist Frontogenesis and Tropopause Undulation on the Intensity, Size, and Structural Changes of Hurricane Sandy (2012)
Authors: Shin Jung Hoon , Zhang Da-Lin 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This study examines the relative roles of moist frontogenesis and tropopause undulation in determining the intensity, size, and structural changes of Hurricane Sandy using a high-resolution cloud-resolving model. A 138-h simulation reproduces Sandy’s four distinct development stages: (i) rapid intensification, (ii) weakening, (iii) steady maximum surface wind but with large continued sea level pressure (SLP) falls, and (iv) reintensification. Results show typical correlations between intensity changes, sea surface temperature, and vertical wind shear during the first two stages. The large SLP falls during the last two stages are mostly caused by Sandy’s northward movement into lower-tropopause regions associated with an eastward-propagating midlatitude trough, where the associated lower-stratospheric warm air wraps into the storm and its surrounding areas. The steady maximum surface wind occurs because of the widespread SLP falls with weak gradients lacking significant inward advection of absolute angular momentum (AAM). Meanwhile, three spiral frontogenetic zones and associated rainbands develop internally in the outer northeastern quadrant during the last three stages when Sandy’s southeasterly warm current converges with an easterly cold current associated with an eastern Canadian high. Cyclonic inward advection of AAM along each frontal rainband accounts for the continued expansion of the tropical storm–force wind and structural changes, while deep convection in the eyewall and merging of the final two surviving frontogenetic zones generate a spiraling jet in Sandy’s northwestern quadrant, leading to its reintensification prior to landfall. The authors conclude that a series of moist frontogenesis plays a more important role than the lower-stratospheric warmth in determining Sandy’s size, intensity, and structural changes.
Long-term outcome of acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with all-trans-retinoic acid, arsenic trioxide, and gemtuzumab
Authors: Abaza Yasmin , Kantarjian Hagop , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Estey Elihu , Borthakur Gautam , Jabbour Elias , Faderl Stefan , O’Brien Susan , Wierda William , Pierce Sherry , Brandt Mark , McCue Deborah , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Patel Keyur , Kornblau Steven , Kadia Tapan , Daver Naval , DiNardo Courtney , Jain Nitin , Verstovsek Srdan , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Andreeff Michael , Konopleva Marina , Estrov Zeev , Foudray Maria , McCue David , Cortes Jorge , Ravandi Farhad 
Published: December 2016

Key Points
The combination of ATRA and ATO, with or without GO, is effective and safe for newly diagnosed APL patients, including the high-risk subset. Long-term follow-up suggests the responses are durable, with very rare relapses.
Inflammasome biology taught by Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Mascarenhas Danielle P A , Zamboni Dario S 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Inflammasomes are multimeric protein complexes that assemble in the cytosol of many types of cells, including innate immune cells. The inflammasomes can be activated in response to infection or in response to stress signals that induce damage in the host cell membranes. These platforms trigger inflammatory processes, cell death, and the control of microbial replication. Many inflammasomes have been described so far, including NLRP3, NAIP/NLRC4, caspase-11, and AIM2. The ligand for NLRP3 is still unidentified, but the efflux of K+ is essential for NLRP3 activation. By contrast, inflammasomes, such as those composed of NAIP/NLRC4, caspase-11, and AIM2, can be activated by bacterial flagellin, LPS, and dsDNA. The knowledge of inflammasome biology has advanced tremendously in the last decade, fostered by the use of model organisms, such as Legionella pneumophila. This bacterium evolved, infecting unicellular protozoa in freshwater environments, and the human infection is accidental. Thus, L. pneumophila did not evolve sophisticated mechanisms to inhibit mammalian innate immunity. For this reason, it has emerged as a very appropriate model of a pathogenic microbe for the investigation of inflammasome biology. In this review, we highlight the current information regarding the biology of inflammasomes and emphasize the advances achieved using L. pneumophila. We also describe the inflammasomes activated in response to L. pneumophila infection and discuss the effector mechanisms that operate to clear the infection.
Haloperidol Versus Ondansetron for Treatment of Established Nausea and Vomiting Following General Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Yazbeck-Karam Vanda G. , Siddik-Sayyid Sahar M. , Barakat Hanane B. , Korjian Serge , Aouad Marie T. 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND:
Haloperidol is an antipsychotic. At low doses, it is a useful agent for the prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). However, its use for treating established PONV has not been well studied.

METHODS:
This randomized double-blinded trial tested whether haloperidol is noninferior to ondansetron for the early treatment of established PONV in adult patients undergoing general anesthesia. The primary outcome is whether patients were PONV free during the first 4 hours. The noninferiority margin was set at 15%. One hundred twenty patients with PONV received either haloperidol 1 mg intravenously (n = 60) or ondansetron 4 mg intravenously (n = 60).

RESULTS:
Data from 112 patients (59 in the haloperidol group and 53 in the ondansetron group) were analyzed. Thirty-five patients (52%) in the haloperidol group received 1 or 2 prophylactic antiemetics compared with 42 (79%) in the ondansetron group. Haloperidol was noninferior to ondansetron for the end point of complete response to treatment (defined as the rate of PONV-free patients) for the early (0–4 hour) and the 0- to 24-hour postoperative periods by both the per-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses. In the per-protocol analysis, complete responses in the early period were noted in 35 of 59 patients (59%) and 29 of 53 patients (55%) for the haloperidol and ondansetron groups, respectively (difference 5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −13% to 22 %), and in the 0- to 24-hour period in 31 of 59 patients (53%) and 26 of 53 patients (49%) for the haloperidol and ondansetron groups, respectively (difference 4%; 95% CI of the difference: −15% to 21%). In the intention-to-treat analysis, complete responses in the early period were noted in 35 of 60 patients (58%) and 29 of 60 patients (48%) for the haloperidol and ondansetron groups, respectively (difference 10%; 95% CI of difference: −8% to 27%) and in the 0- to 24-hour period in 31 of 60 patients (52%) and 26 of 60 patients (43%) for the haloperidol and ondansetron groups, respectively (difference 8%; 95% CI of the difference: −9% to 25%). All other PONV secondary outcomes were comparable. Twenty-five percent of patients in the haloperidol group were sedated versus 2% in the ondansetron group (P < .001; difference 23%; 95% CI of the difference: 11%–36%). Pain, satisfaction scores, need for analgesics, and changes in QTc intervals were not different between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Haloperidol is at worst 13% and 8% less effective than ondansetron by per-protocol analysis and by intention-to-treat analysis, respectively. Thus, it is noninferior to ondansetron for the early treatment of established PONV, but is associated with sedation.
The Analgesic Effects of (5R,6R)6-(3-Propylthio-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.1] Octane on a Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Wang Yong-Jie , Zuo Zhen-Xing , Zhang Mei , Feng Zhi-Hui , Yan Min , Li Xiang-Yao 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND:
Both pharmacologic and genetic approaches have been used to study the involvement of the muscarinic acetylcholine system in the regulation of chronic pain. Previous studies suggest that the M2 and M4 subtypes of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are important targets for the development of chronic pain. (5R,6R)6-(3-Propylthio-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.1] octane (PTAC) has agonist effects on muscarinic M2 and M4 receptors and antagonist effects on muscarinic M1, M3, and M5 receptors. However, its analgesic effects have been less studied.

METHODS:
Male C57B L/6 mice were anesthetized, and left common peroneal nerve (CPN) ligation was performed to induce neuropathic pain. Before and after the application of PTAC systemically or specifically to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimulation and static weight balance were measured, and the effects of PTAC on the conditioned place preference (CPP) were further evaluated. Western blotting was used to examine the expression of M1 and M2 in the striatum, ACC, and ventral tegmental area.

RESULTS:
The application of PTAC ([i.p.] intraperitoneal injection) increased the paw withdraw threshold in both the early (0.05 mg/kg, mean difference [95% confidence interval, CI]: 0.19 [0.05–0.32]; 0.10 mg/kg: mean difference [95% CI]: 0.34 [0.22–0.46]) and the late phases (0.05 mg/kg: mean difference [95% CI]: 0.45 [0.39–0.50]; 0.1 mg/kg: mean difference [95% CI]: 0.44 [0.37–0.51]) after nerve injury and rebalanced the weight distribution on the hind paws of mice (L/R ratio: before, 0.56 ± 0.03. 0.05 mg/kg, 1.00 ± 0.04, 0.10 mg/kg, 0.99 ± 0.03); however, it failed to induce place preference in the CPP (0.05 mg/kg, 2-way analysis of variance, P > .05; 0.2 mg/kg, 2-way analysis of variance, P > .05,). At the same doses, the analgesic effects at D3–5 lasted longer than the effects at D14–16. This may be due to the down-regulation of the M2 and M1 in tested brain regions.

CONCLUSIONS:
These observations suggested that PTAC has analgesic effects on the neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury.
C–H Borylation by Platinum Catalysis
Authors: Furukawa Takayuki , Tobisu Mamoru , Chatani Naoto 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Herein, we describe the platinum-catalyzed borylation of aromatic C–H bonds. N-Heterocyclic carbene-ligated platinum catalysts are found to be efficient catalysts for the borylation of aromatic C(sp2)–H bonds when bis(pinacolato)diboron is used as the boron source. The most remarkable feature of these Pt catalysts is their lack of sensitivity towards the degree of steric hindrance around the C–H bonds undergoing the borylation reaction. These Pt catalysts allow for the synthesis of sterically congested 2,6-disubstituted phenylboronic esters, which are otherwise difficult to synthesize using existing C–H borylation methods. Furthermore, platinum catalysis allows for the site-selective borylation of the C–H bonds ortho to fluorine substituents in fluoroarene systems. Preliminary mechanistic studies and work towards the synthetic application of this platinum catalyzed C–H borylation process are described.
Organization of University Corporate Interaction with Employers in the Process of Realization of the Basic Educational Programs
Authors: Горлова  , Gorlova Olga , Кириллова  , Kirillova O. , Никулин  , Nikulin Vladimir 
Published: December 2016

The authors raise the issue of using the entrepreneurial approach in the implementation of major educational
programs in higher education, offering to organize the process of interaction with the focus on one of the
major groups of stakeholders of the educational organization – employers.
O Acolhimento de Mulheres Vítimas de Violência Doméstica
Authors: Macedo Camila Sousa , Almeida Maria Antonieta Pereira Tigre 
Published: December 2016

É imprescindível correlacionar a violência doméstica aos aspectos sociais envolvidos com a intervenção governamental buscando melhorar o desenvolvimento social e dar um melhor atendimento a sociedade pautada em um serviço de assistência de qualidade. Neste contexto, a violência doméstica contra a mulher entra como um dos grandes desafios dos profissionais da justiça, de saúde e de assistente social, pois há necessidade de um amparo maior para essas pessoas que são vítimas. Este trabalho traz uma demanda perceptível e visível na comunidade, onde demonstra que na violência doméstica é carente de serviço técnico assistencial e desprovido de acompanhamento adequado. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo identificar a atuação dos profissionais que fazem o acolhimento às vítimas de violência doméstica. No que diz respeito aos métodos esta é uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, em que será realizada entrevista em profundidade para identificar como é feito o atendimento as mulheres que sofrem de violência doméstica, a partir da averiguação do trato dos profissionais para com elas. Viu-se conforme resultados do estudo que: a violência doméstica é identificada logo que a vítima chega a DEAM (83,3%) e o atendimento a vítima de violência doméstica é diferenciado (91,6%), os atendentes não tem capacitação na área de violência doméstica (91,6%) e não existe local para acolhimento das vítimas (91,6%), e 91,6% destacam que a polícia pode autuar e prender o agressor. Havendo relatos de mulheres voltar a viver com os agressores (100%), 83,3% destacaram que as mulheres são encaminhadas para serviços de saúde, e 100% assinalaram que a mulher não pode levar a intimação para entregar ao agressor e que a lei Maria da Penha protege mulheres após fim do relacionamento (100%),, e 100% também destacaram que a violência doméstica atinge todas classes sociais. Sendo assim este estudo conclui que o preconceito contra a mulher e a ignorância são as bases da violência doméstica, estes demonstram a uma realidade nem um pouco satisfatória, que atinge os comportamentos, ações e atitudes de cada pessoa, e pautados nesta questão nota-se que qualquer esforço em delimitar as expressões relacionadas com as manifestações de violência torna-se muito importante como fator de estruturação para embasar programas na prevenção de tais atos.
Megaflora of the Australian Triassic–Jurassic: a taxonomic revision
Authors: Pattemore Gary A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract Umkomasiaceans are the most commonly recorded components of Gondwanan Triassic floras but they are not represented subsequently in that region. Their diversity appears to have substantially declined prior to the Rhaetian. Lower and Middle Jurassic floras in Australia and elsewhere in Gondwana are strikingly different from those of the Triassic, comprising ferns, lycopods, conifers, cycads, and bennettitaleans. The fern Cladophlebis Brongniart 1849 emend. Seward 1894 dominated coal-forming paludal environments during the Middle Jurassic in Queensland and it is one of the most commonly preserved plants in the Eastern Gondwanan Jurassic. Ginkgoaleans were present in Eastern Gondwana until near the end-Triassic but were absent below ca 60°S palaeolatitude during the Early and Middle Jurassic. The type specimen of Dicroidium superbum (Shirley 1898) Townrow 1957 emend. nov. has been inaccurately represented in the published record. Consequently, many specimens belonging to the species have been incorrectly assigned to other umkomasiacean species. Misidentifications and considerably enlarged circumscriptions of some species have resulted in an erroneous and simplistic morpho-continuum concept supposedly linking umkomasiacean fronds. Several commonly occurring umkomasiacean species are re-assessed with particular attention to their type specimens, two of which are accurately figured here for the first time. This re-assessment, together with evidence from allied fructifications and wood, supports the view that umkomasiacean fronds belong to several genera. Most umkomasiacean lineages probably terminated prior to the Rhaetian; however, Zuberia Frenguelli 1943 emend. Artabe 1990 persisted to near the close of the Triassic.
Miocene palynoflora from the KRAM-P 218 leaf assemblage from the Bełchatów Lignite Mine (Central Poland)
Authors: Worobiec Elżbieta , Worobiec Grzegorz 
Published: December 2016

Abstract During a palynological analysis of four samples from the Bełchatów KRAM-P 218 collection of plant macroremains 95 fossil species of sporomorphs were identified. Among the non-pollen palynomorphs was the fossil species Desmidiaceaesporites cosmarioformis, previously not reported from fossil floras of Poland, most probably related to the zygospores of desmids. The pollen analysis indicates the presence of a freshwater body (probably an oxbow lake) and shows the dominant role of wetland, predominantly riparian vegetation, at the time of sedimentation. The riparian forests probably consisted of Carya, Pterocarya, Celtis, and Ulmus, accompanied by Alnus, Acer, Fraxinus, Juglans, Liquidambar, Vitis, Zelkova, and Salix. In mixed forests there probably were Fagus, Quercus, Carpinus, Eucommia, Corylus, Tilioideae, and conifers, as well as some thermophilous taxa (e.g. Castanea, Symplocos, Reevesia, Mastixiaceae, and plants producing pollen of the fossil species Tricolporopollenites pseudocingulum). Taxodium, Nyssa, and presumably Glyptostrobus and Alnus were components of swamp communities that might have overgrown the adjacent area with higher groundwater. Members of the families Ericaceae, Cyrillaceae, and Clethraceae, as well as Myrica and probably also Ilex, may have been components of swamp forests and bush swamps. Our analysis indicates that the climate was warm temperate and moderately wet. The palynoflora is most similar in composition to the spore-pollen spectra of the X climatic phase - the Nyssapollenites spore-pollen zone. Deposits bearing assemblages of the Nyssapollenites spore-pollen zone were deposited during the Sarmatian and early Pannonian. Our results are consistent with those from plant macroremains from the same collection.
Embedded Contracts and a Continuum of Sovereign Debt
Authors: Lienau Odette 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
What is the relationship of a government to its population as it pertains to sovereign debt? And how does this fit into the larger web of relationships and obligations that make up the international financial arena? These questions are incredibly difficult to think through – beyond the capacity of one author alone. I am therefore grateful to have the company of Yuri Biondi, Barry Herman, Tomoko Ishikawa, and Kunibert Raffer in beginning to consider them. In addressing their thoughtful and thought-provoking comments, I see this response less as an opportunity to answer every potential challenge or differential emphasis. Indeed, the comments by and large extend the analysis of the book in incredibly insightful ways. Instead, I take this brief essay as a chance to identify several themes uniting the responses, and to highlight how these themes raise additional questions for the sovereign debt regime going forward. In particular, the comments suggest the ways in which the issues and actions associated with questions of sovereign legitimacy in the debt market exist not as dichotomies but rather on a continuum. I fully agree with this implicit characterization, and contend that – given that this is the case – challenging the market narrative that supports the repayment of odious debt should help to undermine resistance to reforming the regime for restructuring sovereign debt more generally. In addition, the comments emphasize how sovereign debt can be thought of as embedded in two types of social contract, both of which should shape how we think of appropriate policy responses to the challenges of the contemporary moment.
Civic Engagement and Environmental Sustainability in Teaching and Learning at Higher Education Institution in South Africa
Authors: Nhokodi Tererai , Nqowana Thandiswa , Collings Dylan , Tandlich Roman , Köhly Nikki 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This article seeks to provide an outline the scope of professional teaching and learning activities and their connection to civic engagement and the achievement of environmental sustainability at Rhodes University and in Makana Local Municipality. Activities in the context of rainwater water harvesting and sanitation research are used as examples. The improved hydrogen-sulphide test kit was used as the tool for the assessment of microbial water quality between April and July 2016. An approach to the improvement in the design and modelling of the performance of ventillated improved pit latrines under laboratory conditions is also described. All activities described have been taking place in the context of undergraduate and postgraduate student research projects at Rhodes University. They have implications for teaching and learning, civic engagement and environmental sustainability. Teaching and learning of the concepts of sustainability can facilitate the development of the necessary connection between academia and the society at large. This can have a significant positive effect on societal conditions in South Africa. Further endeavours similar those described in this article should be stimulated in South and beyond.
Handling the Multiplicity of Solutions in a Moea Based PDA-THESEUS Framework for Multi-Criteria Sorting
Authors: Covantes Edgar , Fernández Eduardo , Navarro Jorge 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This paper proposes the combination of the THESEUS multi-criteria sorting method with an evolutionary optimization-based preference-disaggregation analysis. The main features of the combined method are studied by performing an extensive computer experiment that explores many models of preferences and sizes of problems as well as different degrees of decision-maker involvement. As a result of the experiment, the effectiveness of the combined framework and the importance of the decision-maker’s involvement are characterized.
Tools for Distributed Systems Monitoring
Authors: Kufel Łukasz 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The management of distributed systems infrastructure requires dedicated set of tools. The one tool that helps visualize current operational state of all systems and notify when failure occurs is available within monitoring solution. This paper provides an overview of monitoring approaches for gathering data from distributed systems and what are the major factors to consider when choosing a monitoring solution. Finally we discuss the tools currently available on the market.
‘Namakwa’ lachenalia’s response to flurprimidol and different planting dates
Authors: Kapczyńska Anna , Kidawska Agnieszka 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe genusLachenaliahas great potential as a floriculture crop used as a pot plant or cut flower. Flurprimidol preplant bulb soaks (from 15 to 30 mg dm−3) and foliar sprays (from 15 to 60 mg dm−3) were applied for the growth control of ‘Namakwa’Lachenalia. Bulbs were planted in November, December, January and February and cultivated in a greenhouse. With a delaying of planting time, more compact plants with shorter and wider leaves and with floriferous inflorescence stems were obtained. Floret length, stem diameter and leaf number remained unaffected by planting date and flurprimidol treatment. The most evident impact of flurprimidol on shortening leaf and inflorescence stem length was noted after soaking the bulbs in 30 mg dm−3. The later the planting date, the shorter the time to the beginning of flowering. Soaking the bulbs in flurprimidol at 15 and 30 mg dm−3and spraying with flurprimidol at 60 mg dm−3resulted in a delay of flowering by 3-6 days.