bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RESPONSE OF LEMNA MINOR AND SALNINIA NATANS AS PHYROREMEDIATION AGENTS TOWARDS FE, CU AND ZN TOXICITIES VIA IN VIVO MODEL SYSTEM
Authors: Othman Rashidi , Ramya Razanah , Baharuddin Zainul Mukrim , Hashim Khairusy Syakirin Has-Yun , Yaman Maheran 
Published: December 2015

A lack of aquatic plants in aquatic ecosystem may suggest a reduced population of wildlife whereas the absence of aquatic plants may indicate problems in water quality. However an overabundance of aquatic plants may due to excessive nutrients, organic or heavy metals interference. Aquatic plants are well known as a good accumulator for heavy metals in phyto-technologies approach as a green friendly since the last decades. Therefore this study aimed to assess heavy metals remediation rate of Lemna minor and Salvinia natans at three different concentrations ranging from low, medium and high (1 mglˉ¹, 2 mglˉ¹ and 5 mglˉ¹) of three types of heavy metal (Cu, Fe and Zn) at four different period of time (week 1 until week 4) through in vivo model system. The results established that there were significant differences between the sequestration rate of both species.S. natans ability and resistance over 3 types of heavy metal toxicity were much more higher and stable compared to L. minor and the capability of both species were varied and depending on the plant tolerance or resistance mechanism itself. Thus, high relationship between metal removal in water and aquatic plant species indicates that those plants can effectively use for the removal of heavy metals from polluted or contaminated aquatic ecosystem of different concentrations.
THE ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION IN RIVER BANK SOIL UNDER THE EFFECT OF ELECTROKINETIC-ASSISTED PHYTOREMEDIATION USING XRF AND EDX ANALYSIS
Authors: Embong Zaidi , Jamari Suhailly , Mohamed Johar Saffuwan , Ahmad Tajudin Saiful Azhar 
Published: December 2015

River pollution may lead to the cause of death and diseases. The cause of its pollution could due to the mobility of the hazardous or toxic element from the human activities point sources through the groundwater system, and may resulting to aheavy metal migration into the river stream system. Therefore, an agro-based remediation methods known as Electrokinetic (EK)-assisted phytoremediation was implemented in this research. This technique is versatile and economical in decontaminating heavy metal at the river bank soil area. Hence, this research was focused on investigating the difference in trace elemental concentration in riverbank soil sample between pre- and post-phytoremediation under the electrokinetic influence. The riverbank soil sample was divided into two conditions which are: 1) control (as-received) and 2) EK-assisted phytoremediation by using a tropical plant species known as Dieffenbachia spp. In this study, two stainless steel electrodes were slot in at 5.0 cm depth on both side of this particular plant. A direct current (DC) voltage of 60 V was applied on both cathode and anode electrodes to form a uniform electric field with a magnitude of 6V/cm-1 around the plant root area. This electric field was applied consistently for 4 hours per day. Within a month, the reduction of trace element composition in the riverbank soil sample for pre and post experiment were determined using a non-destructive analytical technique, X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The analysis show a significant correlation of elemental concentration between pre and post experiment for the soil sample where the soil concentration tend to reduce due to the EK assisted phytoremediation effect.
ASSESSING EYE FIXATION BEHAVIOUR THROUGH DESIGN EVALUATION OF LAWI AYAM ARTEFACT
Authors: Md Ishak Siti Mastura , Sivaji Ashok , Tzuaan Soo Shi , Hussein Hazreena , Bujang Rahmah 
Published: December 2015

There is a need for Malay cultural product knowledge preservation with the convergence of human science to establish the product knowledge development in innovative culture environment in Malaysia. The study uses eye tracking test to understand the user’s cognition and eye behaviour towards the syntactic elements of the cultural artefact (Lawi Ayam – LA) using pre-existent experience. This study was conducted to evaluate the artefact effectiveness and usage efficiency through design preference. Findings from eye tracking were used to analyse the element in LA artefact that attracts the user attention using the time of first fixation and location of fixations. We concluded that the engrossed area of 3 syntactical components; 1) hilt, 2) blade, 3) sheath, revealed the factors of ergonomic rapport, anatomical, physical measurement and multi-material usage to obtain results on design preference and artefact effectiveness. We also found that pre-existent experience was recalled and manipulated effectively when defining the criteria of the syntactical component in dynamic accumulative cognition. Our findings could guide the on-going cognitive information processing on the cultural artefact to support the design-user knowledge preservation. This study recommends the future cultural and heritage product designer to use the user experience of the particular artefact in the designing process.
STARCH-BASED EDIBLE FILM AND COATING FROM LOCAL PACHYRHIZUS EROSUS
Authors: Khalid Syarajatul Erma , Wan Busu Wan Nazri 
Published: December 2015

Edible films and coatings usage are constantly increasing in the food industry. It can be consumed, coated on food or placed as barrier between the food and the surrounding environment. It can also help extend food shelf-life and quality of the food. Pachyrhizus known by the locals as sengkuang was use in search of their novelty to be used as starch-based edible films and coatings products. Through this project research, significant findings were found in the starch-based edible films and coatings made. A compatible amount of plasticisers were used to help the product in flexibility. Apart from a nice clarity appearance, the physical testing results showed low values of 34.53% for solubility, 19% for swelling, 0.014 mm for thickness and 0.112 g cm/day m² for water vapor permeation. These indicated that the product has a high water resistance. The mechanical test also gave impressive results with 0.313 for coefficient of friction (COF) and 7.9 MPa for tensile strength value. Since their application is still underutilised, this research is carried out in search of cost efficient resources for the production of edible-films and coatings as well as to utilise this food crop in Malaysia.
IMPLEMENTATION LEARNING AND FORGETTING CURVE TO PREDICT NEEDS AND DECREASE OF LABORS PERFORMANCE AFTER BREAK
Authors: Feriyanto Nur , Saleh Chairul , Badri Huda Muhamad , Md Deros Baba , Pratama Yudi 
Published: December 2015

A company needs to implement production planning to minimize time and cost. Forecasting and scheduling are two methods which should be conducted in production planning. By implementing the learning and forgetting curve methods, the labor needs as well as the decrease of labors performance after break can be predicted. Firstly, various learning curve models are presented, then each model was analyzed one by one so that the model with the smallest error rate could be determined. A case study conducted in the learning curve model is presented with data derived from the production floor. The four main purposes of this study were to calculate the percentage of each station learning curve, learning and forgetting curves in the company, minimum initial cost, and predict the number of employees needed for the lowest in the number of the work station company. The results in the percentage achieved for the learning curve is 91.47%, the gluing station 78.46%, variation sewing station 98.10%, thumb sewing station 88.17%, omo connect sewing station 89.65%, machine sewing station 87.33%, omo folding sewing station 85.42, rubber tide sewing station 92.51%, sewing station tide studs 72.37%, omo tape sewing station 61.74%, and vilcro sewing station 75.89%, respectively. By analyzing the percentage of each station learning curve, a comparison between the highest and lowest percentage learning curve on the company was made. Thus, it is known that omo tape sewing station needs another operator as the additional labor. The percentage of the forgetting curve is 91.59%. Through a search conducted on the cumulative hours of the productive company, the initial cost of production can be minimized to 15.600 Indonesian rupiah.
Metabolic syndrome and health-related behaviours associated with pre-oral cancerous lesions among adults aged 20–80 years in Yunlin County, Taiwan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chang Chang-Cheng , Lin Ming-Shyan , Chen Yu-Tsung , Tu Liang-Tse , Jane Su-Whi , Chen Mei-Yen 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesTo explore the associations of health-related behaviours, metabolic syndrome and risk factors in adults with pre-oral cancerous (POC) lesions in rural, disadvantaged communities with a high prevalence of oral cancer.DesignA cross-sectional observational study.SettingCommunity-based health survey in the western coastal area of Yunlin County, Taiwan.Participants5161 adult residents participated in this study.Outcome measuresAssessed parameters included oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure and waist circumference. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, χ2tests and multivariate binary logistic regression.ResultsA high percentage of participants were found to have metabolic syndrome (40%) and POC lesions (7.3%). Participants with POC lesions tended to be male (p<0.001), betel nut chewers (p<0.001) and cigarette smokers (p<0.001); have a low level of education (p<0.001); seldom undergo dental check-ups (p<0.01); irregularly participate in physical activity (p<0.01) and have metabolic syndrome (p<0.01).ConclusionsAlthough male sex and disadvantaged socioeconomic status are non-modifiable factors associated with POC and metabolic syndrome in adults, several factors, notably health behaviours, are modifiable. Clinicians can reduce the incidence and consequences of POC by developing programmes for early detection, encouraging regular dental check-ups, and initiating individualised, health-promoting behaviour modification programmes for reducing risky behaviours associated with oral cancer.
Past and recent abuse is associated with early cessation of breast feeding: results from a large prospective cohort in Norway
Authors: Sørbø Marie Flem , Lukasse Mirjam , Brantsæter Anne-Lise , Grimstad Hilde 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveBreast feeding provides a wide range of health benefits for both infants and mothers. Few studies have examined the impact of past and recent abuse of women on breastfeeding behaviour. The aims of our study were to examine whether exposure to past and recent emotional, sexual or physical abuse was associated with early breastfeeding cessation, and to assess whether a potential association differed for known and unknown perpetrators.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingNorway, years 1999–2006.Participants53 934 mothers participated in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. We included mothers with singleton pregnancy who had responded to three questionnaires (weeks 18 and 30 in pregnancy, and 6 months postpartum) and had answered minimum one of the abuse questions in week 30.Main outcome measureORs were estimated by binary logistic regression with cessation of any (all) breast feeding before 4 months as the outcome, and abuse including subcategories of abuse, as the exposure.ResultsNearly all women initiated breast feeding, but 12.1% ceased any breast feeding before 4 months and 38.9% ceased full breast feeding before 4 months, but continued partial breast feeding. Overall, 19% of the women reported any adult abuse and 18% reported any child abuse. The highest risk of any breast feeding cessation before 4 months was seen in women exposed to three types of adult abuse (emotional, sexual or physical), with adjusted OR being 1.47 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.76) compared with no abuse. Recent abuse and exposure from known perpetrator resulted in nearly 40% and 30% increased risk, respectively. The OR of any breast feeding cessation for women exposed to any child abuse was 1.41 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.50) compared with no abuse in childhood.ConclusionsPast and recent abuse of women is strongly associated with early cessation of breast feeding. Abused mothers comprise a key group to target for extra support and breastfeeding assistance.
Occupation and risk of sudden death in a United States community: a case–control analysis
Authors: Zhang Lin , Narayanan Kumar , Suryadevara Vallabh , Teodorescu Carmen , Reinier Kyndaron , Uy-Evanado Audrey , Chugh Harpriya , Zheng Zhi-Jie , Gunson Karen , Jui Jonathan , Chugh Sumeet S 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveWork environment is said to influence cardiovascular risk. We assessed whether nature of occupation affects risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the general population.MethodsIn the ongoing, prospective Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study (catchment population 1 million), working-age SCD cases (18–65 years) were compared with controls who died from any cause. Usual occupation obtained from death certificates was classified using the US Census Bureau standard occupational classification descriptions and categorised as white collar, blue collar or homemaker. Odds ratio (OR) for SCD by occupation category was obtained and clinical profile of SCD cases was compared by occupation type.ResultsAmong SCD cases (n=646; 74% male) compared to controls (n=622; 73.6% male), the proportion of white collar workers was higher among male SCD cases (52.7% vs 43.7%; p=0.01); the difference in females was smaller (59.5% vs 55%; p=0.62). Adjusting for race and smoking status, male white collar workers had a higher risk of SCD compared to blue collar workers (OR=1.67, (1.26 to 2.23), p<0.001). A similar, non-significant trend was observed among females (OR 1.49 (0.81 to 2.75); p=0.20). White collar SCD cases werelesslikely to be current smokers (34.7% vs 45.3%, p=0.008), drug misusers (13.1% vs 18.5%) or have diabetes (21.4% vs 28.2%, both p=0.07) compared to blue collar workers. Other cardiac risk factors were similar.ConclusionsA white collar occupation was associated with increased risk of SCD, when compared to blue collar occupations. Since differences in conventional risk factors did not explain this elevated risk, work-related behavioural and psychosocial stressors warrant a closer evaluation.
Impact of a combined community and primary care prevention strategy on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a cohort analysis based on 1 million person-years of follow-up in Västerbotten County, Sweden, during 1990–2006
Authors: Blomstedt Yulia , Norberg Margareta , Stenlund Hans , Nyström Lennarth , Lönnberg Göran , Boman Kurt , Wall Stig , Weinehall Lars 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) by comparing all eligible individuals (target group impact) according to the intention-to-treat principle and VIP participants with the general Swedish population.DesignDynamic cohort study.Setting/participantsAll individuals aged 40, 50 or 60 years, residing in Västerbotten County, Sweden, between 1990 and 2006 (N=101 918) were followed from their first opportunity to participate in the VIP until age 75, study end point or prior death.InterventionThe VIP is a systematic, long-term, county-wide cardiovascular disease (CVD) intervention that is performed within the primary healthcare setting and combines individual and population approaches. The core component is a health dialogue based on a physical examination and a comprehensive questionnaire at the ages of 40, 50 and 60 years.Primary outcomesAll-cause and CVD mortality.ResultsFor the target group, there were 5646 deaths observed over 1 054 607 person-years. Compared to Sweden at large, the standardised all-cause mortality ratio was 90.6% (95% CI 88.2% to 93.0%): for women 87.9% (95% CI 84.1% to 91.7%) and for men 92.2% (95% CI 89.2% to 95.3%). For CVD, the ratio was 95.0% (95% CI 90.7% to 99.4%): for women 90.4% (95% CI 82.6% to 98.7%) and for men 96.8% (95% CI 91.7 to 102.0). For participants,subject to further impact as well as selection, when compared to Sweden at large, the standardised all-cause mortality ratio was 66.3% (95% CI 63.7% to 69.0%), whereas the CVD ratio was 68.9% (95% CI 64.2% to 73.9%). For the target group as well as for the participants, standardised mortality ratios for all-cause mortality were reduced within all educational strata.ConclusionsThe study suggests that the VIP model of CVD prevention is able to impact on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality when evaluated according to the intention-to-treat principle.
Epidemiological features of alcohol use in rural India: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Rathod Sujit D , Nadkarni Abhijit , Bhana Arvin , Shidhaye Rahul 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesWe sought to estimate the proportion of adults in Sehore District, India, who consumed alcohol, and the proportion who had behaviours consistent with alcohol use disorders (AUDs), using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Among men who drank, we identified individual-level, household-level and community-level factors associated with AUDIT scores. Men with AUDs (AUDIT score ≥8) reported on whether and where they had sought treatment, and about alcohol-related internal stigma.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingRural villages and urban wards in Sehore District, Madhya Pradesh, India.Participantsn=3220 adult (≥18 years of age) residents of Sehore District.Primary outcome measureScore on the AUDIT.ResultsNearly one in four men (23.8%) had consumed alcohol in the past 12 months, while few (0.6%) women were consumers. Among drinkers, 33.2% (95% CI 28.6% to 38.1%) had AUDIT scores consistent with hazardous drinking, 3.3% (95% CI 2.1% to 5.1%) with harmful drinking and 5.5% (95% CI 3.8% to 8.0%) with dependent drinking. We observed that AUDIT scores varied widely by village (intraclass correlation=0.052). Among men who had recently consumed alcohol, AUDIT scores were positively associated with depression, having at least one child, high-quality housing, urban residence, tobacco use and disability. AUDIT scores were negatively associated with land ownership, out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure and participation in the national employment programme. While 49.2% of men with AUDs felt embarrassed by their problems with alcohol, only 2.8% had sought treatment in the past 12 months.ConclusionsA need exists for effectively identifying and treating adults with AUDs. Health promotion services, informed by commonly-expressed stigmatised beliefs held among those affected by AUDs and which are targeted at the most affected communities, may be an effective step in closing the treatment gap.
One-step synthesis of type-I silicon clathrate Ba8Si46 under high pressure and high temperature
Authors: Sun Bing , Jia Xiaopeng , Huo Dexuan , Guo Xin , Sun Hairui , Zhang Yuewen , Liu Binwu , Ma Hongan 
Published: December 2015

In this paper, the silicon clathrate [Formula: see text] was successfully synthesized using low-cost antioxidative azide [Formula: see text] and Si as precursors by means of high pressure and high temperature (HPHT). The clathrate phase was one-step synthesized by high pressure chemical method within a short time. The reaction temperature and pressure were optimized to achieve good-quality crystalline products with a composition of [Formula: see text] and its transition temperature [Formula: see text] is about 8.3 K. The new preparation route presented in this paper provides an alternative to the multistep HPHT synthesis applied so far. One-step synthesis of type-I silicon clathrate [Formula: see text] by high pressure chemical method can shorten the synthesis period of time greatly.
Endometrial Cancer Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R) Expression Increases with Body Mass Index and Is Associated with Pathologic Extent and Prognosis
Authors: Joehlin-Price Amy S. , Stephens Julie A. , Zhang Jianying , Backes Floor J. , Cohn David E. , Suarez Adrian A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground: Obesity is a main risk factor for endometrial carcinoma (EC). Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) expression may influence this association.Methods: IGF1R IHC was performed on a tissue microarray with 894 EC and scored according to the percentage and intensity of staining to create immunoreactivity scores, which were dichotomized into low and high IGF1R expression groups. Logistic regression modeling assessed associations with body mass index (BMI), age, histology, pathologic extent of disease (pT), and lymph node metastasis (pN). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between IGF1R expression groups using Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests.Results: The proportion of patients with high IGF1R expression increased as BMI (&lt;30, 30–39, and 40+ kg/m2) increased (P = 0.002). The adjusted odds of having high IGF1R expression was 1.49 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–2.10, P = 0.024] for patients with BMI 30 to 39 kg/m2 compared with &lt;30 kg/m2 and 1.62 (95% CI, 1.13–2.33, P = 0.009) for patients with BMI 40+ kg/m2 compared with &lt;30 kg/m2. High IGF1R expression was associated with pT and pN univariately and with pT after adjusting for BMI, pN, age, and histologic subtype. DFS and OS were better with high IGF1R expression, P = 0.020 and P = 0.002, respectively, but DFS was not significant after adjusting for pT, pN, and histologic subtype of the tumor.Conclusions: There is an association between BMI and EC IGF1R expression. Higher IGF1R expression is associated with lower pT and better DFS and OS.Impact: These findings suggest a link between IGF1R EC expression and obesity, as well as IGF1R expression and survival. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(3); 438–45. ©2015 AACR.
Long-Term Nationwide Follow-Up Study of Simple Congenital Heart Disease Diagnosed in Otherwise Healthy Children
Authors: Videbæk Jørgen , Laursen Henning Bækgaard , Olsen Morten , Høfsten Dan Eik , Johnsen Søren Paaske 
Published: December 2015

Background—
Systematic follow-up is currently not recommended for patients with simple congenital heart disease; however, only a few data exist on the long-term prognosis of simple congenital heart disease.

Methods and Results—
We undertook a nationwide follow-up study of a cohort of 1241 simple congenital heart disease patients, diagnosed from 1963 through 1973, in otherwise healthy children and alive at 15 years of age. We identified 10 age- and sex-matched general population controls per patient. We followed the study population through Danish public registries from the age of 15 years up to January 1, 2013 with respect to mortality, cause of death, morbidity, and medical follow-up. The patients were followed for a total of 58 422 patient-years and had a median age at the end of follow-up of 47.4 years (interquartile range, 43.5–50.9). Mortality was increased compared with the general population, both overall (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR],1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5–2.4)] and for patients (79%) without medical follow-up (aHR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3–2.2). The most common cause of death (40%) was sudden unexpected death (aHR, 4.3; 95% CI, 2.9–6.5). The incidence of critical cardiac morbidity was 3.9 per 1000 patient-years with the most frequent events being an adult (re)operation and hospitalization for heart failure or ventricular tachyarrhythmia. This corresponded to an aHR of 5.7 (95% CI, 4.6–6.9) when compared with the general population.

Conclusions—
Patients diagnosed with simple congenital heart disease in the 1960s have substantially increased long-term mortality and cardiac morbidity compared with the general population. Further studies on the effectiveness of systematic medical follow-up programs appear warranted.