bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the strip thickness in hot steel rolling mills using least‐squares support vector machines
Authors: Shardt Yuri A. W. , Mehrkanoon Siamak , Zhang Kai , Yang Xu , Suykens Johan , Ding Steven X. , Peng Kaixiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe development and implementation of better control strategies to improve the overall performance of a plant is often hampered by the lack of available measurements of key quality variables. One way to resolve this problem is to develop a soft sensor that is capable of providing process information as often as necessary for control. One potential area for implementation is in a hot steel rolling mill, where the final strip thickness is the most important variable to consider. Difficulties with this approach include the fact that the data may not be available when needed or that different conditions (operating points) will produce different process conditions. In this paper, a soft sensor is developed for the hot steel rolling mill process using least‐squares support vector machines and a properly designed bias update term. It is shown that the system can handle multiple different operating conditions (different strip thickness setpoints, and input conditions).
Spatial rearrangement of Purkinje cell subsets forms the transverse and longitudinal compartmentalization in the mouse embryonic cerebellum
Authors: Vibulyaseck Suteera , Fujita Hirofumi , Luo Yuanjun , Tran Anh Khoa , Oh‐Nishi Arata , Ono Yuichi , Hirano Shinji , Sugihara Izumi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTransversely oriented lobules and longitudinally arrayed stripes of Purkinje cell subsets subdivide the cerebellar cortex into multiple compartments that are involved in diverse functions. In the mammalian cerebellum, anterior, and posterior lobules, which are involved in somatosensorimotor function, show an alternation of aldolase C (zebrin II) ‐positive and ‐negative stripes, whereas the central lobules (lobules VIb–VII and crus I), which are implicated in nonmotor functions, show a laterally expanded arrangement solely of aldolase C‐positive stripes. To understand the developmental process of this compartmental pattern, we identified groups of Purkinje cell subsets in the entire mouse cerebellum at embryonic day (E) 14.5 by staining Purkinje cell subset markers. We then tracked four major domains of Protocadherin 10 (Pcdh10)‐positive Purkinje cell subsets (medial, dorsal, central, and mid‐lateral subsets), which were clearly demarcated during E14.5–17.5. These domains of Purkinje cell subsets shifted predominantly in the longitudinal direction to be positioned in the anterior and posterior lobules. However, a particular portion of the medial and mid‐lateral domains, and the whole of the central domain shift in the lateral direction to be positioned in the central lobules. The results indicate that while the longitudinal shift of domains of Purkinje cell subsets forms the longitudinally striped compartments in the anterior and posterior cerebellum, the lateral shift of particular domains of Purkinje cell subsets underlies the laterally expanded arrangement of stripes in central lobules. Thus, the rearrangement of Purkinje cell subsets in the embryonic cerebellum is critically related to the compartmental organization in the mammalian cerebellum.
Purification of Recombinant Human Tyrosinase from Insect Larvae Infected with the Baculovirus Vector
Authors: Dolinska Monika B. , Wingfield Paul T. , Sergeev Yuri V. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe purification of an enzyme from insect larvae infected with a baculovirus vector is described. The enzyme tyrosinase is of biomedical importance and catalyzes the first rate‐limiting steps in melanin production. Tyrosinase mutations can result in oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1), an inherited eye disease associated with decreased melanin pigment production and vision defects. To simplify expression and subsequent purification, the extracellular domain is expressed in insect cells, produced in Trichoplusia ni larvae, and purified using affinity and size‐exclusion chromatography. The purified recombinant human tyrosinase is a soluble monomeric glycoprotein with an activity that mirrors the tyrosinase in vivo function. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Selective Semihydrogenation of Alkynes Catalyzed by Pd Nanoparticles Immobilized on Heteroatom‐Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon Derived from Bamboo Shoots
Authors: Ji Guijie , Duan Yanan , Zhang Shaochun , Fei Benhua , Chen Xiufang , Yang Yong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHighly dispersed palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) immobilized on heteroatom‐doped hierarchical porous carbon supports (N,O‐carbon) with large specific surface areas are synthesized by a wet chemical reduction method. The N,O‐carbon derived from naturally abundant bamboo shoots is fabricated by a tandem hydrothermal–carbonization process without assistance of any templates, chemical activation reagents, or exogenous N or O sources in a simple and ecofriendly manner. The prepared Pd/N,O‐carbon catalyst shows extremely high activity and excellent chemoselectivity for semihydrogenation of a broad range of alkynes to versatile and valuable alkenes under ambient conditions. The catalyst can be readily recovered for successive reuse with negligible loss in activity and selectivity, and is also applicable for practical gram‐scale reactions.
Competitive evolutionary algorithms for building performance database of a microwave transistor
Authors: Güneş Filiz , Belen Mehmet A. , Mahouti Peyman 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn this work, the simultaneous trade‐off relations among the noise figure F, gain GT, input Vin, and output Vout VSWRs of a microwave transistor operated at a certain (VDS, IDS, f) condition are obtained fast and as accurate as the corresponding analytical results using multiobjective optimization process without any need for expertise on the microwave device, circuit, and noise. Three powerful evolutionary algorithms, cuckoo search, firefly, and differential evolution, are implemented comparatively as a study case to obtain the trade‐off relations of a typical low‐noise amplifier transistor NE3511S02 for its operation between 9 and 17 GHz at VDS = 2 V and IDS = 10 mA. Finally, differential evolution is found as the most successful algorithm to demonstrate the typical trade‐off relations of NE3511S02. It can be concluded that these trade‐off relations being obtained by using a signal and noise model of the transistor enable performance database covering all the (F ≥ Fmin, GT, Vin ≥ 1, Vout ≥ 1) quadruples with their (ZS, ZL) termination pairs using solely an evolutionary optimization process. Thus, a small signal transistor can be identified by its performance database to be used in the design optimization of high‐performance low‐noise amplifiers with the full device capacity.
A pesticide paradox: fungicides indirectly increase fungal infections
Authors: Rohr Jason R. , Brown Jenise , Battaglin William A. , McMahon Taegan A. , Relyea Rick A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThere are many examples where the use of chemicals have had profound unintended consequences, such as fertilizers reducing crop yields (paradox of enrichment) and insecticides increasing insect pests (by reducing natural biocontrol). Recently, the application of agrochemicals, such as agricultural disinfectants and fungicides, has been explored as an approach to curb the pathogenic fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which is associated with worldwide amphibian declines. However, the long‐term, net effects of early‐life exposure to these chemicals on amphibian disease risk have not been thoroughly investigated. Using a combination of laboratory experiments and analysis of data from the literature, we explored the effects of fungicide exposure on Bd infections in two frog species. Extremely low concentrations of the fungicides azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, and mancozeb were directly toxic to Bd in culture. However, estimated environmental concentrations of the fungicides did not reduce Bd on Cuban tree frog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) tadpoles exposed simultaneously to any of these fungicides and Bd, and fungicide exposure actually increased Bd‐induced mortality. Additionally, exposure to any of these fungicides as tadpoles resulted in higher Bd abundance and greater Bd‐induced mortality when challenged with Bd post‐metamorphosis, an average of 71 d after their last fungicide exposure. Analysis of data from the literature revealed that previous exposure to the fungicide itraconazole, which is commonly used to clear Bd infections, made the critically endangered booroolong frog (Litoria booroolongensis) more susceptible to Bd. Finally, a field survey revealed that Bd prevalence was positively associated with concentrations of fungicides in ponds. Although fungicides show promise for controlling Bd, these results suggest that, if fungicides do not completely eliminate Bd or if Bd recolonizes, exposure to fungicides has the potential to do more harm than good. To ensure that fungicide applications have the intended consequence of curbing amphibian declines, researchers must identify which fungicides do not compromise the pathogen resistance mechanisms of amphibians.
High proportion of PD‐1‐expressing CD4+ T cells in adipose tissue constitutes an immunomodulatory microenvironment that may support HIV persistence
Authors: Damouche Abderaouf , Pourcher Guillaume , Pourcher Valérie , Benoist Stéphane , Busson Elodie , Lataillade Jean‐Jacques , Le Van Mélanie , Lazure Thierry , Adam Julien , Favier Benoit , Vaslin Bruno , Müller‐Trutwin Michaela , Lambotte Olivier , Bourgeois Christine 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe and others have demonstrated that adipose tissue is a reservoir for HIV. Evaluation of the mechanisms responsible for viral persistence may lead to ways of reducing these reservoirs. Here, we evaluated the immune characteristics of adipose tissue in HIV‐infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and in non‐HIV‐infected patients. We notably sought to determine whether adipose tissue's intrinsic properties and/or HIV induced alteration of the tissue environment may favour viral persistence. ART‐controlled HIV infection was associated with a difference in the CD4/CD8 T‐cell ratio and an elevated proportion of Treg cells in subcutaneous adipose tissue. No changes in Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell proportions or activation markers expression on T cell (Ki‐67, HLA‐DR) could be detected, and the percentage of CD69‐expressing resident memory CD4+ T cells was not affected. Overall, our results indicate that adipose‐tissue‐resident CD4+ T cells are not extensively activated during HIV infection. PD‐1 was expressed by a high proportion of tissue‐resident memory CD4+ T cells in both HIV‐infected patients and non‐HIV‐infected patients. Our findings suggest that adipose tissue's intrinsic immunomodulatory properties may limit immune activation and thus may strongly contribute to viral persistence.
T cell‐dependent antigen adjuvanted with DOTAP‐CpG‐B but not DOTAP‐CpG‐A induces robust germinal center responses and high affinity antibodies in mice
Authors: Akkaya Munir , Akkaya Billur , Sheehan Patrick W. , Miozzo Pietro , Pena Mirna , Qi Chen‐Feng , Manzella‐Lapeira Javier , Bolland Silvia , Pierce Susan K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe development of vaccines for infectious diseases for which we currently have none, including HIV, will likely require the use of adjuvants that strongly promote germinal center responses and somatic hypermutation to produce broadly neutralizing antibodies. Here we compared the outcome of immunization with the T‐cell dependent antigen, NP‐conjugated to chicken gamma globulin (NP‐CGG) adjuvanted with the toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) ligands, CpG‐A or CpG‐B, alone or conjugated with the cationic lipid carrier, DOTAP. We provide evidence that only NP‐CGG adjuvanted with DOTAP‐CpG‐B was an effective vaccine in mice resulting in robust germinal center responses, isotype switching and high affinity NP‐specific antibodies. The effectiveness of DOTAP‐CpG‐B as an adjuvant was dependent on the expression of the TLR9 signaling adaptor MyD88 in immunized mice. These results indicate DOTAP‐CpG‐B but not DOTAP‐CpG‐A is an effective adjuvant for T cell‐dependent protein antigen‐based vaccines.
Design of Electrochemically Modified fMWCNT‐pencil Graphite Electrode Decorated with Cu and Ag Nanofilm and its Electrocatalytic Behavior Towards Imazethapyr
Authors: Khan Imran , Pandit Umar J. , Limaye Sudhir N. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHerein, a facile procedure was developed for designing an electrochemical sensor based on pencil graphite electrode modified with electrochemically synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles (AgNP and CuNP) supported on functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (fMWCNTs). The electrochemical and morphological characterization was carried out by cyclic voltammetry, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Powder X‐ray diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy. The designed sensor exhibited electrocatalytic behavior towards the reduction of Imazethapyr. Results indicates the combination of AgNPs, CuNPs and fMWCNTs on PGE produced remarkable enhancement in electrocatalytic and sensing properties. Various electro‐kinetic parameters like Rct, kapp, n, α, E0, k0, Γ, D and k have been evaluated by CV, impedance and Chronoamperometric studies. The electrochemical performance was improved by optimizing the effect of pH, scan rate, amount of fMWCNTs and deposition parameters of AgNP and CuNP. The sensor was efficaciously applied for determination of Imazethapyr and exhibited a linear correlation in the concentration range of 0.01–5.0 μg mL−1 with low detection limits, 0.159 ng mL−1 using AdSWV. The fabricated sensor exhibited good accuracy, acceptable stability and high efficacy for quantitative determination of Imazethapyr in real samples with notable recoveries ranging from 98 % to 100.2 %.
Nonlinear electrokinetic effects in insulator‐based dielectrophoretic systems
Authors: Wang Qianru , Dingari Naga Neehar , Buie Cullen R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInsulator‐based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) has emerged as a powerful tool for multiple biomicrofluidic operations, such as cell separation and concentration. The key feature for iDEP systems is the alteration of insulating microchannel geometries to create strong electric field gradients. Under AC electric fields, this strong electric field gradient can affect fluid flow by (at least) two nonlinear electrokinetic phenomena; (a) electrothermal flow due to Joule heating and (b) induced charge electroosmosis (ICEO) near the microchannel constrictions of small (but finite) permittivity and conductivity. This paper presents an experimental and theoretical study on the interplay of electrothermal and ICEO flows near microchannel constrictions with various geometries and fluid ionic strengths, which are crucial design factors for iDEP systems. Temperature rise and fluid velocities in 2D Gaussian‐shaped constrictions were studied experimentally with supporting analytical estimations and numerical simulations. Additionally, we show qualitatively distinct recirculating flow patterns in 2D and 3D microchannel constrictions used for iDEP systems. Approximate analytical expressions for electrothermal and ICEO velocity scales are provided as a function of constriction geometry, bulk electrolyte concentration, and the applied electric field. Insights from this study will be useful in designing microfluidic systems for electrokinetic particle manipulation.
Intercalation of CoO in S‐Doped Graphite as High‐Performance Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Xinlong , Song Xinyu , Tang Yushu , Qi Chuanlei , Ning Guoqing , Gao Jinsen , Li Yongfeng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe intercalation of CoO nanoparticles (NPs) in S‐graphite (labeled as CoO@S–graphite) composite is obtained by a one‐step doping reaction between graphite and CoSO4 in a fluidized bed reactor. CoO@S–graphite presents increased specific surface area and higher intensity ratio of the D to G band compared with the pristine graphite owing to the etching effect during the calcination treatment. As an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, the enhanced energy‐storage ability of the as‐synthesized compound is a result of the S doping and CoO NPs intercalation, which not only contributes to enhancing the rate capability, but also has no impact on the outputs of delithiation capacity and voltage plateau below 0.5 V. The configured CoO@S–graphite/LiFePO4 battery exhibits better rate capability than that based on graphite/LiFePO4 and affords a high reversible capacity of 160 mAh g−1 at 0.2C and excellent durability.
Quantifying the surface covering, binding and bonding effects of biological soil crusts on soil detachment by overland flow
Authors: Liu Fa , Zhang Guang‐Hui , Sun Fubao , Wang Hao , Sun Long 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBiological soil crusts (BSCs) have impacts on soil detachment process through surface covering, and binding and bonding (B&B) mechanisms, which might vary with successional stages of BSCs. This study was conducted to quantify the effects of surface covering, binding and bonding of BSCs on soil detachment capacity by overland flow in a 4 m long hydraulic flume with fixed bed. Two dominant BSC types, developed well in the Loess Plateau (the early successional cyanobacteria and the later successional moss), were tested using natural undisturbed soil samples collected from the abandoned farmlands. Two treatments of undisturbed crusts and one treatment of removing the above‐ground tissue of BSCs were designed for each BSC type. For comparison, bare loess soil was used as the baseline. The collected soil samples were subjected to flow scouring under six different shear stresses, ranging from 6.7 to 21.2 Pa. The results showed that soil detachment capacity (Dc) and rill erodibility (Kr) decrease with BSC succession, and the presence of BSCs obviously increased the critical shear stress, especially for the later successional moss crust. For the early successional cyanobacteria crust, Dc was reduced by 69.2% compared to the bare loess soil, where 37.7% and 31.5% are attributed to the surface covering and B&B, respectively. For the later successional moss crust, Dc decreased by 89.8% compared to the bare loess soil, where 68.9% and 20.9% contributed to the surface covering and B&B, respectively. These results are helpful in understanding the influencing mechanism of BSCs on soil erosion and in developing the process‐based erosion models for grassland and forestland. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical treatment of a discontinuous top surface in 2D shallow water mixed flow modeling
Authors: Maranzoni A. , Mignosa P. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a numerical strategy based on shallow water equations (SWE) coupled with the 2D Preissmann slot model to handle a ceiling step discontinuity in finite volume schemes for mixed flow modeling. In practice, a typical situation would be a closed structure, such as a bridge or culvert, which induces a sudden vertical flow constriction and may even run partly or totally full in high flow conditions. In such case, both the inlet and outlet of the structure involve a discontinuity in the top elevation. This special singularity is topologically represented by inserting a fictitious cell between 2 adjacent computational cells characterized by sharply different ceiling elevation. The 2D SWE are solved by means of a well‐balanced quasi‐conservative Godunov‐type numerical scheme based on the Slope Limiter Centered (SLIC) scheme. The flow variables at each boundary of the fictitious cell are reconstructed by adopting the cross‐sectional shape of the adjoining cell. Accordingly, the dynamic effect of the structure deck on the flow is suitably modeled, and the C‐property for a stationary solution is rigorously satisfied, even when the closed structure is partially full. The capability of the numerical scheme is verified by comparison with both novel analytical solutions of 1D Riemann problems with a ceiling step discontinuity and experimental data of steady and unsteady mixed flows available in literature. Finally, a real‐scale application to a multiple arch bridge is presented. The results show that the method is robust and effective in predicting the 2D features induced by a crossing structure on the flow dynamics.
The new line crossing U2/U5 of the Vienna subway
Authors: Leitner Andreas , Herzfeld Thomas , Nebois Christian , Schreitl Bernhard , Wageneder Johannes 
Published: August 2017

AbstractVienna is not only a growing city but also one with a high quality of life. One reason for this is the availability of good public transport services, the heart of which is the subway system, which has been steadily extended for 40 years. In order to relieve Line U6 and provide better conditions for changing trains, an underground route will be constructed for Line 2 in the next few years through the densely built‐up 19th century part of the city starting from Rathaus station and running to Matzleinsdorfer Platz. Most of the running tunnels will be bored with an EPB machine while the station tunnels, crossovers and cross passages will be excavated conventionally using the New Austrian Tunnelling Method. Most of the tunnels pass through Miocene silt. In addition, a section with driverless operation and platform doors is planned for the construction of the U5 in order to gain experience for future extensions.
Young children's self‐benefiting lies and their relation to executive functioning and theory of mind
Authors: Fu Genyue , Sai Liyang , Yuan Fang , Lee Kang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIt is well established that children lie in different social contexts for various purposes from the age of 2 years. Surprisingly, little is known about whether very young children will spontaneously lie for personal gain, how self‐benefiting lies emerge, and what cognitive factors affect the emergence of self‐benefiting lies. To bridge this gap in the literature, we situated children between 2 and 4 years of age in a zero‐sum game where children must lie to their opponent if they wanted to win a desirable reward. We found that the majority of young children did not lie even when they experienced personal losses repeatedly. However, some children spontaneously lied during the game; as the game progressed, more children lied. Further, we found that children's theory of mind understanding and executive functioning in terms of a combination of inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility had significant positive and unique correlations with how frequently children lied for personal gain. The present results taken together with the existing findings regarding children's lies for self‐protection and politeness purposes suggest that the act of lying begins early in life. Further, its emergence and development are influenced by children's specific cognitive abilities in the domains of theory of mind understanding and executive functioning.Highlights

The study investigated whether very young children will spontaneously lie for personal gain.
This study used a zero‐sum game to elicit children's self‐benefiting lies. Results showed the majority of young children did not lie, and it is related to children's theory of mind understanding and executive functioning.
The act of lying begins early in life, and its emergence and development are influenced by children's specific cognitive abilities in the domains of theory of mind understanding and executive functioning.