bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closed‐loop control of compression paddle motion to reduce blurring in mammograms
Authors: Ma Wang Kei , Howard David , Hogg Peter 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundSince the introduction of full field digital mammography (FFDM) a large number of UK breast cancer screening centers have reported blurred images, which can be caused by movement at the compression paddle during image acquisition.PurposeTo propose and investigate the use of position feedback from the breast side of the compression paddle to reduce the settling time of breast side motion.MethodMovement at the breast side of the paddle was measured using two calibrated linear potentiometers. A mathematical model for the compression paddle, machine drive, and breast was developed using the paddle movement data. Simulation software was used to optimize the position feedback controller parameters for different machine drive time constants and simulate the potential performance of the proposed system.ResultsThe results obtained are based on simulation alone and indicate that closed‐loop control of breast side paddle position dramatically reduced the settling time from over 90 s to less than 4 s. The effect of different machine drive time constants on the open‐loop response is insignificant. With closed‐loop control, the larger the time constant the longer the time required for the breast side motion to settle.ConclusionsPaddle motion induced blur could be significantly reduced by implementing the proposed closed‐loop control.
Harassment and Mental Distress Among Adolescent Female Students by Sexual Identity and BMI or Perceived Weight Status
Authors: Johns Michelle Marie , Lowry Richard , Demissie Zewditu , Robin Leah 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveSexual minority girls (lesbian/bisexual) and girls with overweight/obesity experience high rates of discrimination and mental distress. This study explored whether BMI or perceived weight status might compound sexual minority girls’ risk for harassment and mental distress.MethodsData on female students from the national 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 7,006) were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to examine differences in bullying, harassment, and mental distress across sexual identity/BMI groups: heterosexual/normal‐weight, heterosexual/overweight, sexual minority/normal‐weight, and sexual minority/overweight. Procedures were repeated with four analogous groups created from sexual identity and perceived weight.ResultsAcross sexual identity/BMI groups, being overweight increased heterosexual females’ odds of being bullied or experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Regardless of weight status, sexual minority females had greater odds for each outcome than heterosexual females. Sexual minority females who perceived themselves as overweight had greater odds of suicidality than all other sexual minority/perceived weight groups.ConclusionsDouble jeopardy may exist for sexual minority female students who perceive themselves as overweight. Professional development with school staff on how to create a positive climate for sexual minorities and those with overweight/obesity and addressing positive identity and body image within school‐based suicide prevention efforts may be important to the well‐being of adolescent girls.
Ring‐opening polymerization and copolymerization of cyclic esters catalyzed by amidinate aluminum complexes
Authors: Osorio Meléndez Danay , Castro‐Osma José A. , Lara‐Sánchez Agustín , Rojas René S. , Otero Antonio 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTA series of new alkyl mono‐ and bimetallic aluminum complexes supported by novel amidinate ligands has been prepared in very high yields. These complexes were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. Alkyl aluminum complexes 1–6 were investigated as catalysts for the ring‐opening polymerization and copolymerization of ε‐caprolactone and L‐lactide. Under the optimal reaction conditions, complex 5 acts as an efficient single‐component initiator for the ring‐opening polymerization and copolymerization of cyclic esters to yield biodegradable polyester materials with narrow polydispersities. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2397–2407
Identification of extracellular matrix protein 1 as a potential plasma biomarker of ESCC by proteomic analysis using iTRAQ and 2D‐LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Wang Xianghu , Peng Yuan , Xie Ming , Gao Zhikui , Yin Lihong , Pu Yuepu , Liu Ran 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThis study was aimed to conduct a proteomics profiling analysis on plasma obtained from ESCC patients with the goal of identifying appropriate plasma protein biomarkers in the progression of ESCC.Experimental designPlasma from 28 ESCC patients and 28 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed by iTRAQ combined with 2D‐LC‐MS/MS. ProteinPilot software was used to identify the differentially expressed plasma proteins in ESCC compared to HC. Western blot was performed to verify the expression of selected proteins in 37 independent ESCC patients and 37 HC. Transwell and MTT assays were used to detect the biological function of ECM1 protein in vitro.ResultsNineteen (four upregulated and fifteen downregulated) proteins were identified as differentially expressed between ESCC and HC (p <0.05). Biological functions of these proteins are involved in cell adhesion, cell apoptosis and metabolic processes, visual perception and immune response. Of these, extracellular matrix 1 (ECM1) and lumican (LUM) were selected further confirmation by Western blot (p <0.05), which were consistent with the iTRAQ results. Furthermore, the migration ability of EC9706 cell line after overexpressing ECM1 was increased significantly (p <0.05). The proliferation ability of HUVEC cell was enhanced when treated with the culture supernatants of EC9706 overexpressed ECM1(p <0.05).Conclusion and clinical relevanceThis proteome analysis indicate that ECM1 is a potential novel plasma protein biomarker for the detection of primary ESCC and evaluation of neoplasms progression.
Insight into the success of whitefly biological control using parasitoids: evidence from theEretmocerus warrae−Trialeurodes vaporariorumsystem
Authors: Hanan Abdul , He Xiong Z , Wang Qiao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDMechanisms behind the success and failure of whitefly biological control using parasitoids are largely unknown. Here we use theEretmocerus warrae−greenhouse whitefly system to investigate how the fluctuating density of the parasitoid and its host affects three key parasitoid fitness parameters, host searching, host feeding and parasitization, providing critical knowledge for evaluation and development of whitefly biological control programmes. This is the first such study in a parasitoid−whitefly system.RESULTSModels used and developed here show that (1) both host feeding and parasitism fit a type II functional response; (2) overall parasitoid‐caused whitefly mortality significantly increases with growing density of both organisms and the parasitoid density has a significantly more positive effect; (3) with a pro‐synovigenic nature,E. warraeallocate significantly more resources to parasitization than to host feeding activity in low whitefly density and high parasitoid density; and (4) low mutual interference among searching parasitoids encourages parasitoid aggregation on host patches of high density.CONCLUSIONRegardless of greenhouse whitefly density, the pest can be effectively controlled by release ofE. warrae.Our study provides insight into the success of whitefly biological control programmes using the parasitoid augmentation approach. Models used and developed here can also be employed to evaluate biological control programmes for other parasitoid−whitefly systems. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Incremental dynamic collapse analysis of RC core‐wall tall buildings considering spatial seismic response distributions
Authors: Emami Ali R. , Halabian Amir M. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryDespite wide‐ranging studies on fragility analysis and collapse safety assessment of short to medium‐rise reinforced concrete (RC) structures, a new interest in the topic is still valuable and even necessary for tall RC buildings. This study aims at establishing fragility relationships as well as collapse probability of high‐rise RC core‐wall buildings under maximum considered earthquake ground motions. This study is carried out in a probabilistic framework on a case study of a fully 3‐dimensional numerical model developed to simulate seismic behavior of a 42‐story building having a RC core‐wall system. Proposing planar and vertical distributions of ductility and damage indices, the incremental dynamic analysis, and the multi‐direction nonlinear static (pushover) analyses were employed to reach the research goal. Median collapse‐level capacities were defined in terms of seismic responses (e.g., ductility/damage indices) as well as several intensity measures by employing statistical analyses and cumulative density functions. Available and acceptable collapse margin ratios were next estimated to quantify collapse safety at maximum considered earthquake shaking level. On an average basis, the statistics indicated 9%–10% and 5%–6% collapse probability of the building subjected to near‐ and far‐field ground motions, respectively.
Cloud feedback mechanisms and their representation in global climate models
Authors: Ceppi Paulo , Brient Florent , Zelinka Mark D. , Hartmann Dennis L. 
Published: May 2017

Cloud feedback—the change in top‐of‐atmosphere radiative flux resulting from the cloud response to warming—constitutes by far the largest source of uncertainty in the climate response to CO2
forcing simulated by global climate models (GCMs). We review the main mechanisms for cloud feedbacks, and discuss their representation in climate models and the sources of intermodel spread. Global‐mean cloud feedback in GCMs results from three main effects: (1) rising free‐tropospheric clouds (a positive longwave effect); (2) decreasing tropical low cloud amount (a positive shortwave [SW] effect); (3) increasing high‐latitude low cloud optical depth (a negative SW effect). These cloud responses simulated by GCMs are qualitatively supported by theory, high‐resolution modeling, and observations. Rising high clouds are consistent with the fixed anvil temperature (FAT) hypothesis, whereby enhanced upper‐tropospheric radiative cooling causes anvil cloud tops to remain at a nearly fixed temperature as the atmosphere warms. Tropical low cloud amount decreases are driven by a delicate balance between the effects of vertical turbulent fluxes, radiative cooling, large‐scale subsidence, and lower‐tropospheric stability on the boundary‐layer moisture budget. High‐latitude low cloud optical depth increases are dominated by phase changes in mixed‐phase clouds. The causes of intermodel spread in cloud feedback are discussed, focusing particularly on the role of unresolved parameterized processes such as cloud microphysics, turbulence, and convection. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e465. doi: 10.1002/wcc.465This article is categorized under:

Climate Models and Modeling > Model Components
Diagnostic performance of 68Ga-PSMA-11 (HBED-CC) PET/CT in patients with recurrent prostate cancer: evaluation in 1007 patients
Authors: Afshar-Oromieh Ali , Holland-Letz Tim , Giesel Frederik L. , Kratochwil Clemens , Mier Walter , Haufe Sabine , Debus Nils , Eder Matthias , Eisenhut Michael , Schäfer Martin , Neels Oliver , Hohenfellner Markus , Kopka Klaus , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Debus Jürgen , Haberkorn Uwe 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Purpose
Since the clinical introduction of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, this imaging method has rapidly spread and is now regarded as a significant step forward in the diagnosis of recurrent prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of several variables with possible influence on PSMA ligand uptake in a large cohort.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of 1007 consecutive patients who were scanned with 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT (1 h after injection) from January 2014 to January 2017 to detect recurrent disease. Patients with untreated primary PCa or patients referred for PSMA radioligand therapy were excluded. The possible effects of different variables including PSA level and PSA doubling time (PSADT), PSA velocity (PSAVel), Gleason score (GSC, including separate analysis of GSC 7a and 7b), ongoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), patient age and amount of injected activity were evaluated.

Results
In 79.5% of patients at least one lesion with characteristics suggestive of recurrent PCa was detected. A pathological (positive) PET/CT scan was associated with PSA level and ADT. GSC, amount of injected activity, patient age, PSADT and PSAVel were not associated with a positive PET/CT scan in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT detects tumour lesions in a high percentage of patients with recurrent PCa. Tumour detection is clearly associated with PSA level and ADT. Only a tendency for an association without statistical significance was found between higher GSC and a higher probability of a pathological PET/CT scan. No associations were found between a pathological 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scan and patient age, amount of injected activity, PSADT or PSAVel.
Highly complex substrates lead to dynamic bacterial community for polyhydroxyalkanoates production
Authors: Queirós Diogo , Fonseca Alexandre , Rossetti Simona , Serafim Luísa S , Lemos Paulo C 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Mixed microbial cultures (MMC) and waste/surplus substrates, as hardwood spent sulfite liquor, are being used to decrease polyhydroxyalkanoates’ (PHA) production costs. The process involves two or three steps, being the selection step a crucial one. For the industrial implementation of this strategy, reactor stability in terms of both performance and microbial community presence has to be considered. A long-term operation of a sequencing batch reactor under feast/famine conditions was performed along with microbial community identification/quantification using FISH and DGGE. The community was found to be extremely dynamic, dominated by Alphaproteobacteria, with Paracoccus and Rhodobacter present, both PHA-storing microorganisms. 16S rRNA gene clone library further revealed that side populations’ non-PHA accumulators were able to strive (Agrobacterium, Flavobacteria, and Brachymonas). Nevertheless, reactor performance in terms of PHA storage was stable during operation time. The monitoring of the MMC population evolution provided information on the relation between community structure and process operation.
Estimation of additive and epistatic gene effects of doubled haploid lines of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Bocianowski Jan , Nowosad Kamila , Dobrzycka Agnieszka , Wolko Joanna 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this paper 60 doubled haploid lines of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) were studied. Genetic parameters as additive and epistasis effects were estimated for nine quantitative traits. The results indicate the importance of both additive and epistasis gene effects of number of branches per plant, number of siliques per plant, number of seeds per silique and silique length in this study.
Radiology Exposure in the Undergraduate Curriculum: A Medical Student Perspective on Quality and Opportunities for Positive Change
Authors: Visscher Kari L. , Faden Lisa , Nassrallah Georges , Speer Stacey , Wiseman Daniele 
Published: May 2017

Purpose This article is a continuation of a qualitative study designed to explore how radiology exposures can impact medical student opinions and perceptions of radiology and radiologists. We focused on: 1) conducting a radiology exposure inventory from the perspective of the medical student; 2) student evaluation of the quality of the radiology exposures and suggestions for positive change; and 3) development of a framework to address the needs of medical students as it relates to radiology education in the undergraduate medical curriculum. Methods Research methodology and design for this qualitative study were described in detail in a previous article by Visscher et al [1] . Results Participants included 28 medical students; 18 were in medical school years 1 and 2 (preclerkship), and 10 were in years 3 and 4 (clerkship). Specific to the focus of this article, the data revealed 3 major findings: 1) multiple exposures to radiology exist, and they are received and valued differently depending on the medical student's stage of professional development; 2) medical students value radiology education and want their radiology exposure to be comprehensive and high quality; 3) Medical students have constructive suggestions for improving the quality of both formal and informal radiology exposures. Conclusions Performing a radiology exposure inventory from a medical student perspective is a useful way to explore how students receive and value radiology instruction. Medical students want a more comprehensive radiology education that can be summarized using the 5 C's of Radiology Education framework. The 5 C's (curriculum, coaching, collaborating, career and commitment) reflect medical students' desires to learn content that will support them in clinical practice, be supported in their professional development, and have the necessary information to make informed career decisions.
Genetic heterogeneity of Atlantic bluefin tuna caught in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean south of Iceland
Authors: Carlsson Jens , McDowell Jan R. , Carlsson Jeanette E.L. , Ólafsdóttir Droplaug , Graves John E. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) are currently managed by the member nations of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) as distinct western and eastern stocks, separated by the 45°W meridian. Previous studies of Atlantic bluefin tuna caught in the northeast Atlantic south of Norway suggested mixing of putative stocks in the region, based on abrupt shifts in the size and condition of fish during the fishing season. By contrast, more recent studies south of Iceland reported only small differences in size of tuna caught at different times of the season in that area. To better understand the stock structure and composition of Atlantic bluefin tuna in the region, we surveyed genetic variation at eight microsatellite loci for 800 Atlantic bluefin tuna collected in experimental commercial fishing operations south of Iceland during 1999 and 2002. We tested for heterogeneity between years, between seasons within a year, between two fishing areas within the region, and between sexes. Analysis of molecular variation demonstrated slight, but significant, genetic divergence between collections of fish caught early and late in the season over the two years. These results are consistent with prior observations of Atlantic bluefin tuna of different conditions entering the fishery through the season, and suggest that the northeast Atlantic fishery represents a mixed-stock fishery including animals migrating from different areas and recruited from different spawning grounds.
Reproductive biology of catsharks (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) off the west coast of southern Africa
Authors: Ebert David A. , Compagno Leonard J.V. , Cowley Paul D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study presents information on the reproductive biology of five southern African catshark species: Apristurus microps, A. saldanha, Apristurus sp., Galeus polli, and Scyliorhinus capensis. They were caught between Walvis Bay, Namibia, and Cape Agulhas, South Africa, from 50 to 1016 m deep. The reproductive mode of four species was oviparous, whereas G. polli exhibited aplacental viviparity. Males of all species attained first maturity slightly larger than females, and males of the four oviparous species attained a larger LTmax than females. The length at 50% maturity was similar for males and females in most species. All species matured at an LT > 75% of LTmax except for male Apristurus spp. and female G. polli, which matured at 71.2% and 68.8%, respectively, of LTmax. The egg case of A. microps has minute tendrils, whereas those of S. capensis were quite long, suggesting different egg-laying habitats. Fecundity in G. polli ranged from 5 to 13, and litter size increased in relation to increased female length. Embryos of G. polli were large, each measuring approximately 30% of female LT. Neonates of G. polli were common and appear to have a demersal lifestyle; those of the four oviparous species were entirely absent from the study. Gravid A. microps were found in summer and winter, indicating a protracted breeding cycle, but reproductively active S. capensis were caught only in winter. Prior to this study, reproductive information on these catsharks was largely lacking.
Habitual exercise levels are associated with cerebral amyloid load in presymptomatic autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Brown Belinda M. , Sohrabi Hamid R. , Taddei Kevin , Gardener Samantha L. , Rainey‐Smith Stephanie R. , Peiffer Jeremiah J. , Xiong Chengjie , Fagan Anne M. , Benzinger Tammie , Buckles Virginia , Erickson Kirk I. , Clarnette Roger , Shah Tejal , Masters Colin L. , Weiner Michael , Cairns Nigel , Rossor Martin , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Salloway Stephen , Vöglein Jonathan , Laske Christoph , Noble James , Schofield Peter R. , Bateman Randall J. , Morris John C. , Martins Ralph N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between self‐reported exercise levels and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, in a cohort of autosomal dominant AD mutation carriers.MethodsIn 139 presymptomatic mutation carriers from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network, the relationship between self‐reported exercise levels and brain amyloid load, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ42, and CSF tau levels was evaluated using linear regression.ResultsNo differences in brain amyloid load, CSF Aβ42, or CSF tau were observed between low and high exercise groups. Nevertheless, when examining only those already accumulating AD pathology (i.e., amyloid positive), low exercisers had higher mean levels of brain amyloid than high exercisers. Furthermore, the interaction between exercise and estimated years from expected symptom onset was a significant predictor of brain amyloid levels.DiscussionOur findings indicate a relationship exists between self‐reported exercise levels and brain amyloid in autosomal dominant AD mutation carriers.