bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
W phase source inversion using high‐rate regional GPS data for large earthquakes
Authors: Riquelme S. , Bravo F. , Melgar D. , Benavente R. , Geng J. , Barrientos S. , Campos J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractW phase moment tensor inversion has proven to be a reliable method for rapid characterization of large earthquakes. For global purposes it is used at the United States Geological Survey, Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, and Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg. These implementations provide moment tensors within 30–60 min after the origin time of moderate and large worldwide earthquakes. Currently, the method relies on broadband seismometers, which clip in the near field. To ameliorate this, we extend the algorithm to regional records from high‐rate GPS data and retrospectively apply it to six large earthquakes that occurred in the past 5 years in areas with relatively dense station coverage. These events show that the solutions could potentially be available 4–5 min from origin time. Continuously improving GPS station availability and real‐time positioning solutions will provide significant enhancements to the algorithm.
Potential impacts of assimilating all‐sky infrared satellite radiances from GOES‐R on convection‐permitting analysis and prediction of tropical cyclones
Authors: Zhang Fuqing , Minamide Masashi , Clothiaux Eugene E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe potential impacts of GOES‐R satellite radiances on tropical cyclone analysis and prediction were examined through ensemble correlations between simulated infrared brightness temperatures and various model state variables. The impacts of assimilating GOES‐R all‐sky infrared brightness temperatures on tropical cyclone analysis and prediction were further demonstrated through a series of convection‐permitting observing system simulation experiments using an ensemble Kalman filter under both perfect and imperfect model scenarios. Assimilation of the high temporal and spatial resolution infrared radiances not only constrained well the thermodynamic variables, including temperature, moisture, and hydrometeors, but also considerably reduced analysis and forecast errors in the wind fields. The potential of all‐sky radiances is further demonstrated through an additional proof‐of‐concept experiment assimilating real‐data infrared brightness temperatures from GOES 13 satellite which was operational in an enhanced scanning mode during Hurricane Karl (2010).
An EMHD soliton model for small‐scale magnetic holes in magnetospheric plasmas
Authors: Li Ze‐Yu , Sun Wei‐Jie , Wang Xiao‐Gang , Shi Quan‐Qi , Xiao Chi‐Jie , Pu Zu‐Yin , Ji Xiao‐Fei , Yao Shu‐Tao , Fu Sui‐Yan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSmall‐scale magnetic holes (SSMHs) in the magnetosphere plasma sheet are investigated in this paper. A developed electron magnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) soliton model is proposed as a new approach to SSMHs formation. The Biermann battery effect is taken into account in resolving the magnetic evolution equation with a slow‐mode solution in the weak nonlinear regime. Statistical investigation of SSMH observation data in the plasma sheet by Cluster is carried out in comparison with the theory. We apply multispacecraft data for distinguishing sheet‐like or cylindrical SSMHs observed and clarified by the solitary wave in the EMHD model. Furthermore, the major parameters, such as amplitude, width, maximum magnetic field perturbation, and perpendicular temperature variation of the SSMHs, are found consistent with the theoretical analysis.
Innovations in plasma sensors
Authors: Zurbuchen Thomas H. , Gershman Daniel J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDuring the history of space exploration, ever improving instruments have continued to enable new measurements and discoveries. Focusing on plasma sensors, we examine the processes by which such new instrument innovations have occurred over the past decades. Due to risk intolerance prevalent in many NASA space missions, innovations in plasma instrumentation occur primarily when heritage systems fail to meet science requirements, functional requirements as part of its space platform, or design constraints. We will review such innovation triggers in the context of the design literature and with the help of two case studies, the Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer on MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging and the Fast Plasma Investigation on Magnetosphere Multiscale. We will then discuss the anticipated needs for new plasma instrument innovations to enable the science program of the next decade.
Misperception of Chance, Conjunction, Framing Effects and Belief in the Paranormal: A Further Evaluation
Authors: Dagnall Neil , Drinkwater Kenneth , Denovan Andrew , Parker Andrew , Rowley Kevin 
Published: March 2016

SummaryStudies exploring relationships between belief in the paranormal and vulnerability to cognitive bias suggest that believers are liable to misperception of chance and conjunction fallacy. Research investigating misperception of chance has produced consistent findings, whilst work on conjunction fallacy is less compelling. Evidence indicates also that framing biases within a paranormal context can increase believers' susceptibility. The present study, using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling, examined the contribution of each bias to belief in the paranormal and assessed the merits of previous research. Alongside, the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale, participants completed standard and paranormal framed perception of randomness and conjunction problems. Perception of randomness was more strongly associated with belief in the paranormal than conjunction fallacy. Inherent methodological issues limited the usefulness of framing manipulations; presenting problems within a paranormal context weakened their predictive power.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictor‐based adaptive dynamic surface control for consensus of uncertain nonlinear systems in strict‐feedback form
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Dan , Peng Zhouhua 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis paper investigates the leader–follower consensus problem of uncertain nonlinear systems in strict‐feedback form. By parameterizations of unknown nonlinear dynamics of the agents, an adaptive dynamic surface control with the aid of predictors, tracking differentiators is proposed to realize output consensus of the multi‐agent systems. Unlike the existing adaptive consensus methods, the predictor errors are used to learn the unknown parameters, which can achieve fast learning without high‐frequency signals in control inputs. As a fast precise signal filter, the tracking differentiator is used in the control design instead of first‐order filters, which can further improve the control performance. Based on graph theory and Lyapunov stability theory, it is shown that the outputs of all followers ultimately synchronize to that of the leader with bounded tracking errors. Simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed consensus algorithm. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cost utility analysis of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Scangas George A. , Su Brooke M. , Remenschneider Aaron K. , Shrime Mark G. , Metson Ralph 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundThe purpose of this work was to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) compared to medical therapy for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).MethodsThe study design consisted of a microsimulation Markov decision‐tree economic model with a 31‐year time horizon. A cohort of 489 patients who underwent ESS for CRS were matched 1 to 1 with a cohort of 489 patients from the national Medical Expenditures Panel Survey database who underwent medical management for CRS. Utility scores were calculated from responses to the EuroQol 5‐Dimension instrument in both cohorts. Decision‐tree analysis and a subsequent 10‐state Markov model utilized published event probabilities as well as primary data from a large multisurgeon prospective outcomes study to calculate long‐term costs and utility. The primary outcome measure was incremental cost per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY). Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsThe incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) for ESS vs medical therapy alone was $13,851.26 per QALY. The cost effectiveness acceptability curve demonstrated 85.84% and 98.69% certainty that the ESS strategy was the most cost‐effective option at willingness‐to‐pay thresholds of $25,000 and $50,000 per QALY, respectively.ConclusionThis study shows ESS to be a cost‐effective intervention compared to medical therapy alone for the management of patients with CRS.
Magnetic resonance imaging in a large cohort of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy patients: Pattern refinement and implications for clinical trials
Authors: Tasca Giorgio , Monforte Mauro , Ottaviani Pierfrancesco , Pelliccioni Marco , Frusciante Roberto , Laschena Francesco , Ricci Enzo 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTherapeutic perspectives have brought attention to the development of instruments to accurately evaluate the degree of pathology in patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. We aimed to analyze the type and extent of muscle involvement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a large cohort of patients representative of the broad clinical spectrum of this disease.MethodsPelvic and lower limb muscle MRI scans of 269 symptomatic individuals and 19 nonpenetrant gene carriers were assessed. Comparative analysis of the upper girdle scan in 181 of these subjects was also performed.ResultsWe found a peculiar susceptibility and resistance of particular muscles. Combined involvement of abdominal and hamstring muscles with iliopsoas sparing is common in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (67% of the patients). Adductor longus and/or rectus femoris, whose involvement can go clinically undetected, are often typically affected in early disease (69% of patients younger than 45 years). The extent of lesions on lower limb MRI showed a high correlation with overall clinical severity. One‐fourth of the nonpenetrant gene carriers showed abnormalities on MRI. Hyperintensities on short‐tau inversion recovery sequences, markers of active disease, were found in muscles without signs of fatty replacement in 35% of patients, representing early lesions.InterpretationOur large‐scale cross‐sectional data provide preliminary evidence for the usefulness of MRI in clinical trials, and set the baseline for longitudinal studies. Muscle MRI can also be used for distinguishing facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy from other myopathies in selected cases. Finally, our results are consistent with a model that configures facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy as a “muscle‐by‐muscle” disease. Ann Neurol 2016;79:854–864
Peptide‐Decorated Dendrimers and Their Bioapplications
Authors: Wan Jingjing , Alewood Paul F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPeptide‐decorated dendrimers (PDDs) are a class of spherical, regular, branched polymers that are modified by peptides covalently attached to their surface. PDDs have been used as protein mimetics, novel biomaterials, and in a wide range of biomedical applications. Since their design and development in the late eighties, poly‐l‐lysine has been a preferred core structure for PDDs. However, numerous recent innovations in polymer synthesis and ligation chemistry have re‐energized the field and led to the emergence of well‐defined peptide dendrimers with more diverse core structures and functions. This Minireview highlights the development of PDDs driven by significantly improved ligation chemistry incorporating structurally well‐defined peptides and the emerging use of PDDs in imaging and drug development.
Polyfunctional Lithium, Magnesium, and Zinc Alkenyl Reagents as Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Complex Heterocycles
Authors: Shen Zhi‐Liang , Dhayalan Vasudevan , Benischke Andreas D. , Greiner Robert , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Mayer Peter , Knochel Paul 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNew conjunctive β‐silylated organometallic reagents of Li, Mg, and Zn have been prepared and used for an expeditive construction of various polyfunctionalized 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐membered heterocycles, such as furans, pyrroles, quinolines, benzo[b]thieno‐[2,3‐b]pyridine, naphthyridines, fused pyrazoles, and 2,3‐dihydro‐benzo[c]azepines. The latent silyl group has been converted into various carbon–carbon bonds in most heterocycle types.
Synthesis, characterization, electropolymerization, and possible utilities of a new ruthenium–thiophene complex
Authors: González Beatriz , del Valle M. Angélica , Díaz Fernando R. , Espinosa‐Bustos Christian , Ramírez Andrés M. R. , Hernández Loreto A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT[RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 was reacted with silver triflate and thiophene to give the sandwich complex [Ru(η5‐C4H4S)(η6‐p‐cymene)](PF6)2, which was characterized with NMR spectroscopy (1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and 31P‐NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and cyclic voltammetry. The behavior of this new complex in dimethyl sulfoxide with regard to the amount of absorbed water was investigated by both NMR and cyclic voltammetry; the formation of other species that affected electropolymerization was demonstrated. However, under optimal working conditions (in an anhydrous medium), the complex was successfully immobilized on a platinum electrode via an electro‐oxidation pathway through the thiophene ligand. This generated a highly stable, electroactive polymer film. Its response to the doping–undoping (charge–discharge) and redox processes, added to its high stability, promises important applications for this novel material. Moreover, this opens up the possibility of testing other compounds, such as [Ru(η5‐thiophene)(η6‐arene)], that were previously synthesized and reported for their electropolymerization and use as sensors according to their redox properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43559.
Toughening mechanism of PPS/Sr ferrite composites by TPU elastomer
Authors: Qiao Liang , Dong Xin , Ying Yao , Zheng Jingwu , Li Wangchang , Che Shenglei 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIn order to improve the impact strength of PPS‐based strontium ferrite composite, the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer was added in the composite as a toughening agent. The composites were obtained by melt‐blending PPS, TPU and strontium ferrites in twin‐screw extruder. The crystalline state, thermal property, surface morphology and impact strength of the composites were investigated by using X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermoravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope and izod impact test. The addition of TPU improves impact strength of PPS‐based strontium ferrite composite. When the addition of TPU increases to 11wt %, the impact strength of Sr‐ferrite/PPS/TPU composite is enhanced by 51.44% compared with the sample without TPU addition, and reaches to 5.77 kJ/m2. The occurrence of bonding interaction between PPS and TPU, demonstrated by a series of experiments, changes the structure and impact properties of PPS. Based on the experimental results, a possible mechanism is proposed to explain the improvement of Sr‐ferrite/PPS/TPU composites, which is different from the conventional toughening mechanism by the conformation of elastomers and the suppression of microcracks propagation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43564.
Inkjet printing of polyvinyl alcohol multilayers for additive manufacturing applications
Authors: Salaoru Iulia , Zhou Zuoxin , Morris Peter , Gibbons Gregory J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTHere we demonstrate that inkjet printing technology is capable of producing polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) multilayer structures. PVOH water‐based inks were formulated with the addition of additives such as humectant and pigments. The intrinsic properties of the inks, such as surface tension, rheological behavior, pH, wetting, and time stability were investigated. The ink's surface tension was in the range 30–40 mN/m. All formulated inks displayed a pseudoplastic (non‐Newtonian shear thinning and thixotropic) behavior at low‐shear rates and a Newtonian behavior at high‐shear rates; were neutral solutions (pH7) and demonstrated a good time stability. A proprietary 3D inkjet printing system was utilized to print polymer multilayer structures. The morphology, surface profile, and the thickness uniformity of inkjet printed multilayers were evaluated by optical microscopy and FT‐IR microscopy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43572.
Surface modification of polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic chips by polyamidoamine dendrimers for amino acid separation
Authors: Lin Dong , Zhao Qin , Yan Miaomiao 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIn order to improve the hydrophilicity of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chips, a series of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers were grafted onto the PDMS pretreated by oxygen plasma and silanized with γ‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ‐GPS). Fourier transformed infrared absorption by total attenuated reflection (ATR‐FTIR) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) showed that PAMAM dendrimers had been grafted on the PDMS surface and a dense and uniform coating was generated. The contact angle decreased from 108.1° to 31.8° compared with the unmodified PDMS, which indicated that the hydrophilicity of PDMS improved markedly. In the modified PDMS microfluidic chips, the EOF reduced obviously and the nonspecific adsorption between the amino acids and the microchannel surface was prevented effectively. The separation efficiency of arginine and phenylalanine were as high as 7.34 × 104 plates/m and 8.61 × 104 plates/m, respectively, and the resolution (RS) was 4.41. Furthermore, the reproducibility of modified chips was also very excellent, which suggested they had good stability and long service life. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43580.
Effect of electric field on polymer/clay nanocomposites depending on the affinities between the polymer and clay
Authors: Ock Hyun Geun , Ahn Kyung Hyun , Lee Seung Jong 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTApplying an electric field is an efficient way to fabricate polymer/clay nanocomposites. It helps to achieve a good dispersion of nanoclays which improves the performance of the polymeric system. In this study, the effect of an alternating current (A.C.) electric field was investigated on clay exfoliation with various combinations of polymer/clay nanocomposites. Three different types of organoclays (Cloisite 10A, 20A, 30B) were introduced in polypropylene (PP) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrices. Their rheological properties showed that the A.C. electric field was effective in enhancing the dispersion of organoclays in both the PP/clay and PLA/clay composites. The efficiency of the A.C. field varied depending on the combination of polymer and clay nanoparticles. In the case of PP, the best combination was PP/C20A followed by PP/C10A and PP/C30B. In contrast, PLA/clay showed an opposite trend. This difference arises from the different affinities between the polymers and the functional groups of the clays. The Hansen solubility parameter was introduced to quantify the affinities between the polymer and clay. The electric field was more effective for polymer/clay combinations that had less difference in the Hansen solubility parameter. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43582.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Propindilactone G, Part 1: Initial Attempts towards the Synthesis of Schiartanes
Authors: Xu Ling‐Ming , You Lin , Shan Zhen‐Hua , Yu Ruo‐Cheng , Zhang Bo , Li Yuan‐He , Shi Ying , Chen Jia‐Hua , Yang Zhen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOur first‐generation synthetic study towards the total synthesis of propindilactone G (1) and its analogues is reported. The key synthetic steps were an intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction (PKR) and a vinylogous Mukaiyama reaction (VMAR). The stereoselective synthesis of the CDE ring moiety with an all‐carbon quaternary center through a PKR was difficult, whilst a VMAR afforded a product with the opposite stereochemistry at the C20 position on the side chain. These results led us to redesign our synthetic strategy for the total synthesis of compound 1.
Trimeric and Tetrameric Electron‐Deficient Porphyrin Tapes
Authors: Mori Hirotaka , Kim Taeyeon , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNew hybrid porphyrin tapes comprising meso‐3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl‐substituted ZnII‐porphyrins (D) and meso‐pentafluorophenyl‐substituted ZnII‐porphyrins (A) were synthesized via cross‐condensation of meso‐formyl porphyrins 1, 5, and 9 with oligopyrromethanes 2 and 6 as key steps. These hybrid tapes exhibit improved solubilities and enhanced chemical stability as compared with original Dn porphyrin tapes, and all display remarkably coplanar structures favorable for π‐conjugation. The absorption spectrum of ADDA displays Q‐like bands at 1400 and 1657 nm with a vibronic structure characteristic of porphyrinoids. The cyclic voltammograms exhibited positively shifted oxidation and reduction waves in the order of DDD<DAD<ADA<AAA. Tetrameric tape ADDA displays five reversible waves in a narrow range of 1.13 V. Two‐photon absorption (TPA) measurement confirmed that the π‐conjugation path is extended from 12 to ADDA and the molecular polarizability of ADA is larger than that of AAA.
Short‐term prediction of traffic parameters—performance comparison of a data‐driven and less‐data‐required approaches
Authors: Badhrudeen Mohamed , Raj Jithin , Vanajakshi Lelitha Devi 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe travel decisions made by road users are more affected by the traffic conditions when they travel than the current conditions. Thus, accurate prediction of traffic parameters for giving reliable information about the future state of traffic conditions is very important. Mainly, this is an essential component of many advanced traveller information systems coming under the intelligent transportation systems umbrella. In India, the automated traffic data collection is in the beginning stage, with many of the cities still struggling with database generation and processing, and hence, a less‐data‐demanding approach will be attractive for such applications, if it is not going to reduce the prediction accuracy to a great extent. The present study explores this area and tries to answer this question using automated data collected from field. A data‐driven technique, namely, artificial neural networks (ANN), which is shown to be a good tool for prediction problems, is taken as an example for data‐driven approach. Grey model, GM(1,1), which is also reported as a good prediction tool, is selected as the less‐data‐demanding approach. Volume, classified volume, average speed and classified speed at a particular location were selected for the prediction. The results showed comparable performance by both the methods. However, ANN required around seven times data compared with GM for comparable performance. Thus, considering the comparatively lesser input requirement of GM, it can be considered over ANN in situations where the historic database is limited. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.