bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of utilisation of traditional birth attendant services by pregnant women in Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Authors: T. Awotunde O. , T. A. Awotunde , F. O. Fehintola , Adesina S. A. Adesina , O. A. Oladeji , A. O. Fehintola , D. E. Ajala 
Published: June 2017

Background: This study was designed to assess the determinants of utilization of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) services by pregnant women in different communities in Ogbomoso, Nigeria.Methods: This was a community- based cross-sectional study. Fisher's formula was used to calculate the sample size and a total of 270 eligible pregnant women were enrolled for the study using multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using pretested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 and results were presented in frequencies and percentages.Results: Factors found to have a significant influence on the utilization of TBA services in this study include: low educational status (p <0.001), lower socioeconomic status (p <0.001), and compassionate care given by the TBAs (p=0.004). Other factors include service proximity and lower cost of TBA services.Conclusions: The impact of TBAs and their services cannot be overemphasized in the present state of maternal and child health in Nigeria. Lower educational status among others has been found to be a strong predictor of utilization of TBA services. There is, therefore, the need to improve the educational and socioeconomic status of women in order to allow them to access quality health care services that will safeguard their well-being. Inculcating compassionate care into orthodox healthcare delivery will go a long way to improve patronage and discourage TBA utilization.
Status of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in knee osteoarthritis among type 2-diabetic postmenopausal women
Authors: Shrivastava Reetika , Singh Neelima , Chandel Y. S. , Dhakad R. K. S. , Rathore Vedika , Shrivastava Swati 
Published: June 2017

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is the most common form of joint disorder and a leading cause of pain and functional disability among elderly female population. Type 2-diabetes is frequently reported comorbidity in elderly female patients with knee osteoarthritis. VCAM-1 is emerging as a strong and independent predictor for severe osteoarthritis. VCAM-1 is an inducible cell surface sialo glycoprotein and mediates heterotypic cellular aggregation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the role of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 at the onset of knee osteoarthritis among type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women.Methods: The present study includes 100 type 2-diabetic female subjects of age above 50 years as cases and 100 normal healthy female age matched individuals as controls. Osteoarthritis of knee was ascertained using the American college of rheumatology classification criteria. Serum soluble VCAM-1 concentration was measured by ELISA method in all 200 subjects. Biochemical parameters-Fasting blood sugar and lipid profile were measured using Mind ray BS-400 and HbA1c was measured by turbidimetric immunoassay method. Statistical analysis was made by student independent sample t-test. Correlation was determined by using spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.Results: Serum level of soluble VCAM-1 was found statistically highly significant (p<0.001) in type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women having early stage of knee osteoarthritis as compared to control healthy subjects. The mean levels of fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, total cholesterol, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C were also found significantly increased while HDL-C was found significantly decreased in cases as compared to controls.Conclusions: The increased level of soluble VCAM-1 in type 2 diabetic subjects shows active inflammation or cartilage damage. Therefore, it can be used as an early biomarker for osteoarthritis among type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women.
Self-assessment: how do third year medical students rate their performance during problem-based learning?
Authors: Vuma Sehlule , Sa Bidyadhar 
Published: June 2017

Background: Problem-based learning (PBL) emphasizes students’ self-directed learning. This requires students to monitor their own learning. When students enter medical school however, they do not seem to have self-monitoring skills and these need to be developed. Self-assessment exercises are useful in developing these skills. This paper emphasizes the importance of training in self-assessment during PBL. Objective was to describe third-year medical students’ self-assessment of their performance during PBL and correlate their scores with tutors’ scores, and their scores in a written progressive disclosure questions (PDQ) examinationMethods: Using the same rubric used for students’ evaluation by tutors, students scored their activities during PBL sessions. Their scores were compared with the tutor’s scores. Their scores for cognitive skills were further compared with their scores in a PDQ examination.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the tutor and students’ scores. Low-achieving students (in the PDQ) scored themselves higher than high-achieving students. Self-assessment scores did not predict performance in the PDQ.Conclusions: Perhaps the high-achievers are more critical of themselves which drives them to work harder. Low-achieving students could be awarding themselves scores they wish to obtain and not what they deserve. They may also not understand the assessment criteria. This paper emphasizes the importance of self-assessment exercises, and the need to guide students in learning to assess themselves accurately so they may be better able to monitor their learning.
Attitude towards mental illness among doctors and nurses in a tertiary care centre, Pondicherry, India
Authors: Sujaritha V. , Partheeban M. , Thiviya T. , Sowmiya M. 
Published: June 2017

Background: Stigma can prevent care and treatment of mentally ill. About 54% of diagnosable mental disorders are seen in primary care settings. There is a gross underestimation of psychiatric morbidity among patients by substantial proportion of non-psychiatric clinicians. Hence there is a need to assess the attitude towards mental illness among doctors and staff nurses. The objectives of the study were to assess the attitude towards mental illness among doctors and nurses, to compare the attitude between doctors and nurses, to find if there is any correlation between duration of training or posting and attitude, to find if educational status had any influence on attitude, to find if there is any gender influence on attitude. Methods: It is a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in a private medical college, Pondicherry among doctors and nurses who had completed their under graduation with a sample size of 221 (Doctors-120, Nurses-101). The instruments used were a semi-structured demographic profile and 34 items of OMICC (Opinion About Mental Illness in Chinese Community). The data was entered in Microsoft Excel 2013 analyzed using descriptive statistics, unpaired t-test, pearson’s correlation coefficient.Results: Only 25% of doctors and 4.9% of nurses positive attitude when overall score was considered. Doctors group had higher positive attitudes compared to nurses in domains separatism, stereotyping, benevolence and stigmatisation.Conclusions: There was no correlation between duration of psychiatry posting and attitude.
Study of microalbuminuria as early risk marker of nephropathy in type 2 diabetic subjects
Authors: Verma Manish K. , Kumar Pradeep , Sharma Preeti , Singh V. K. , Singh Shashi Prabha 
Published: June 2017

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that lead to end-stage of kidney disease (ESKD). Detection of early-stage can slow loss of kidney function and improve patient outcomes with use of diagnostic biomarker detection of DN. Aims and objectives of this study is to evaluate the possible association between glycated hemoglobin and urinary microalbumin as a predictor of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: Total 162 subjects were included in this study comprises uncontrolled diabetes 54 cases, controlled diabetes 54 cases and healthy controlled 54 controls. Micro albumin was measured by urinary microalbumin (turbidimetric immunoassay), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measured by ion exchange resin method and fasting blood glucose estimated by GOD-POD method. The inclusion of age group was between 35 to 74 years. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS, version 16.0. p values were calculated by ANOVA unpaired t-test. The p<0.05 was considered a statistically significant.Results: Urinary microalbumin levels were statistically significant increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus with nephropathy in comparison to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and controlled diabetes mellitus (138.9±13.7 mg/l vs 67.7±14.1 mg/l and p<0.005**). HbA1c, which acts as a biomarker of diabetes was significant higher diabetic nephropathy, in comparison to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, controlled diabetes mellitus and healthy control (8.0±1.1% vs 7.1±0.9% and 5.7±0.4%).Conclusions: The present study was demonstrated impaired glycaemic control is associated with elevations in urinary micro albumin levels and it may be considered as risk marker of diabetic nephropathy.
A CT and DNE study of osteomeatal complex variations and their correlation in chronic rhinosinusitis patients
Authors: Sachdeva Parul , Sachdeva Kuldeep S. , Singh Baldev , Singh Manjit , Kaur Manpreet , Goyal Isha , Kataria Gaurav 
Published: June 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">CRS is a global burden reducing the productivity at work. This study was done to evaluate the occurrence of anatomical variations of osteomeatal complex (OMC) and to assess its relation in causation of chronic rhinosinusitis in the study population. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A 100 patients diagnosed with CRS in the outdoor of Dept. Of ENT between November 2012 – November 2015 were subjected to CT Imaging and DNE and the frequency of anatomical variations and involvement of paranasal sinuses were evaluated. The correlation between them was established using chi-square test. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Agger nasi cells were the most common variant seen in 73 (73%) patients with 12% being unilateral and 61% bilateral. Other variants seen were: deviated nasal septum in 68%, uncinate process variations in 58%, concha bullosa in 30%, enlarged bulla ethmoidalis in 25%, paradoxical middle turbinate in 18%, haller’s cells in 6% and accessory maxillary ostia in 2%. <span lang="EN-IN">We could establish a correlation between a few of these variants and the affected sinuses. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The importance of CT and nasal endoscopy is emphasized in patients with persistent symptoms to identify the anatomical variations that may contribute to the development of chronic sinus mucosal disease.</span></p>
Clinical correlation between palpability of styloid process with its length on CT scan
Authors: Anchan Shibani V. , J. S. Arunkumar , Shanbag Raghunath , Garag Santosh S. 
Published: June 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The aim of the study is to correlate the clinical palpability of the styloid process with its length which is determined by CT scan. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A prospective study of 50 patients who presented to ENT OPD from January 2011 to January 2016 with cervicofacial pain and features of Eagle’s syndrome were clinically evaluated for elongated styloid process by palpating the tonsillar fossa. These patients were subjected to a detailed CT scan with coronal, axial and 3D cuts. The length of the styloid process in the CT scan was correlated with the clinical palpability of the styloid process. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">It was noticed that only styloid process of length greater than 28 mm was clinically palpable. Correlation between the clinical palpability and the minimum length required was established in this study. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Patients with cervicofacial pain should be evaluated for styalgia by imaging and clinically by palpating the tonsillar fossa.</span></p>
Vocal cord palsy and getting to know it better
Authors: Gee Varghese Irene , M. K. Goutham 
Published: June 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Vocal cord palsy is a challenging entity encountered by otolaryngologists in clinical practice. It is a sign of an underlying pathology. Vocal cord palsy requires thorough examination and needs to be investigated. We conducted a study to identify the various etiology of vocal cord palsy and the various modalities of treatment. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A prospective study was conducted to study the various etiologies and modalities of treatment of vocal cord palsy. A total of 55 patients with vocal cord palsy were included in our study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients diagnosed with vocal cord paralysis were followed up and the various modalities of treatment were studied. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Males outnumbered females. Among patients of unilateral vocal cord paralysis left vocal cord was paralyzed in majority of the cases (30 patients). Vocal cord paralysis has a variable etiology. Neoplastic causes accounted for the largest number of patients followed by iatrogenic causes. The modality of treatment depends on the etiology. Patients with unilateral vocal cord palsy speech therapy were our modality of treatment. No surgical intervention was done for unilateral vocal cord palsy. Five patients with bilateral vocal cord palsy underwent Kashima’s operation. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Vocal cord palsy is a symptom of an underlying disorder and not a disease. In our study malignancy is the commonest etiology for vocal cord palsy.</span></p>
Our experience of 200 cases of thyroid surgery under local anaesthesia versus general anaesthesia
Authors: Chintale Sambhaji G. , Kirdak Vilas R. , Jatale Sonali P. , Shaikh Kaleem 
Published: June 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Local Anaesthesia is now being accepted universally as a safe alternative to general anaesthesia for thyroid surgery. This study was carried out to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing thyroid surgery under local and general anaesthesia. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">200 patients who underwent thyroid surgery for benign and malignant diseases under local and general anaesthesia from March 2014 to march 2017 were analysed. Patient characteristics analysed were age, sex, pathology lesion size, operating time, length of stay, cost and post-operative complications. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Mean lesion sizes were 4.5 cms and 6.5 cms in local and general anaesthesia group respectively. Mean operating time was 50, 5 minutes and 75.5 minutes in local anaesthesia and general anaesthesia group respectively. Mean cost incurred was Rs. 2500 in local anaesthesia and Rs. 5500 in general anaesthesia group. Mean length of hospital stay was 40, 25 hours and 75.06 hours in local anaesthesia and general anaesthesia group respectively. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Local anaesthesia is a safe alternative to general anaesthesia for patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Use of local anaesthesiahas resulted in a decreased length of stay, cost and means operating time, hence useful in a setup with limited anaesthesia time and increased work load.</span></p>
Comparison of efficacy of myringoplasty in dry and wet ears in chronic otitis media of tubotympanic type
Authors: Chandrashekar Yogeshwar , Chandrashekar Ravishankar 
Published: June 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to compare the outcome of myringoplasty in dry and wet ears in tubotympanic type of chronic otitis media (COM) with respect to graft uptake and hearing improvement.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective study done in department of ENT Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute during the study period of November 2014 to May 2016, wherein a total of 60 patients of tubotympanic type COM with 30 cases each of dry and wet ears, aged 15-60 years were included. The hearing impairment was assessed and recorded by pure tone audiometry (PTA). After obtaining informed written consent the patients underwent myringoplasty (temporalis fascia graft, underlay technique). Microbiological examination of discharge in wet ears was done and histopathology of the excised remnant TM analyzed in both groups. Both groups of patients were followed up for 3 months and assessed for graft uptake and hearing improvement. PTA was repeated at 3 months postoperatively. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Our study included 60 patients of tubotympanic type of COM with 30 cases each with dry and wet ears who underwent myringoplasty. Majority of our patients were in second decade in both the groups. There was slight female preponderance in our study with male to female ratio of 0.93:1. Discharge from ears in wet ears was mucoid in consistency and were culture negative. Histopathology of excised remnant TM in wet ears revealed evidence of inflammatory cells and vascularization within stroma of fibroblasts while these were absent in dry ear cases. The overall successful graft uptake following myringoplasty was 88.3% with 86.7% for wet ears and 90% for dry ears with no statistical significance (p value of 0.688&gt;0.05) between the two groups. With respect to hearing improvement post-operatively there was significant hearing improvement in both the groups when compared to preoperative hearing with a mean hearing gain (dB) of 3.43±2.81 in wet ear cases to 3.85±3.05 in dry ear cases, but when compared between the two groups, there was no significant statistical difference (p value of 0.582&gt;0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The outcome is equally good for myringoplasty in dry and wet ears in tubotympanic type of chronic otitis media with respect to graft uptake and hearing improvement. </p>
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of sinuses and nasal cavity: case series of two
Authors: Dalmia Deepak , Behera Sanjaya Kumar , Bhatia Jas Simran Singh 
Published: June 2017

<p>Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of hematologic malignancy derived from lymphocytes, which varies significantly in their severity, from slow growing to very aggressive types. Incidence increases with age. Up to 45 years of age Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is more common among males than females. Various etiological factors includes infectious agents like Epstein-barr virus, Human T-cell leukemia virus, Helicobacter pylori, Human herpes virus-8, Hepatitis c virus, HIV etc. Exposure to chemical like polychlorinated biphenyls, phenoxy herbicides and medical treatments like radiation therapy and chemotherapy also act as etiological factors. Genetic diseases like Klinefelter’s syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia and autoimmune diseases like celiac sprue, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus can also act as causal factors. NHL in nose and nasal cavity is a rare finding. Ours is a case series of two rare case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma presented with a nasal mass with nasal obstruction. The first case is a sixty years old female patient who presented with a right nasal mass with nasal obstruction. The second case is a fifty years old male who presented with left side nasal mass with left proptosis. We diagnosed these cases by taking biopsy from the nasal masses. These cases highlighted the importance of good clinical history and examination along with management according to definite protocols in regarding to avoid missing a rare.</p>
A comparative study of three different methods of shoot meristem excision for induction of embryogenic calli in coconut
Authors: U Bhavyashree , K Lakshmi Jayaraj , TP Fayas , KS Muralikrishna , KK Sajini , MK RAJESH , Karun Anitha 
Published: June 2017

<p><strong>A protocol was standardized to maximize yields of embryogenic calli from shoot meristem culture of coconut. Three different shoot meristem excision methods were tested <em>viz</em>., excision of shoot meristem aseptically from <em>in vitro</em> germinated embryo after 10-12 days, excision of shoot meristem from <em>in vitro</em> germinated embryo subjected to GA3 treatment for five days and excision of shoot meristem from fresh embryo. The primary calli induction after 30 days of culture incubation for the three treatments were 21%, 27% and 79% respectively. Further, the primary calli formed from the shoot meristem excised from fresh embryo gave rise to 56% of embryogenic calli. The calli obtained from the shoot meristem which were excised from <em>in vitro</em> germinated embryo formed less percentage of embryogenic calli because of the presence of cotyledonary tissues which inhibited the multiplication of meristematic tissues. In the case of shoot meristem extracted from GA3-treated embryos, the percentage of non-embryogenic calli was more compared to the shoot meristem excised from fresh embryo. It was observed that the addition of GA3 in the initial stages of culture inhibited the formation of embryogenic calli and favored direct shoot development. Currently, the shoot meristem excised from fresh embryo is being employed for scaling up the planting material production from released varieties of coconut.</strong></p>
Effects of the bendazol fungicide on in vitro development of the nim (Azadirachta indica A. JUSS)
Authors: Dos Santos Elisabete Pacheco , De Souza Robson Antonio , Lacerda e Medeiros Maria Jaislanny , Alves Gilberto Dias , Houllou Laureen Michelle 
Published: June 2017

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate Bendazol fungicidal effects in neem micropropagation. In these experiments, the nodal segment explants from <em>in vitro</em> plants were used. In the first experiment, the explants remained in DKW culture medium for a period of 30 days containing different concentrations of Bendazol (M1 -50, M2 - 100, M3 - 200, and M4 - 400 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>). The control treatment (M0) was prepared with DKW medium + BAP (0.225 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>). In the second experiment, the explants were maintained for only one week in media supplemented with Bendazol or BAP, and then they were transferred and kept in free Bendazol/BAP media for three weeks. In each experiment, the design was completely randomized with five treatments, 10 replicates per treatment, and one explant/cultivation flask. The variables analyzed included the formation of calluses and roots, lateral bud development, shoot height, contamination and plant death. There was no significant difference in tree variables (shoot, callus formation and shoot height) between treatments in both experiments. There was no death, plant contamination and rooting during the experiment. The results indicate that Bendazol can be used at low doses for <em>in vitro</em> neem cloning thereby replacing BAP and ultimately reducing production costs.