bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maxillary sinus actinomycosis: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Authors: Cunha-Cabral Diogo , Gomes Pedro , Duarte Delfim , Peneda José 
Published: September 2024

The authors present a case of maxillary sinus actinomycosis in a young adult woman.This is a rare condition whose unspecific clinical presentation makes its diagnosis challenging. In this case, the diagnosis was given by the identification ofActinomycescolonies in samples of infected tissue.Treatment consisted of a combined medical and surgical approach. Endoscopic sinus surgery was performed to remove diseased mucosa and to aerate the involved sinuses, followed by long-term antibiotic therapy. No recurrence of the disease was observed during follow-up.
Sex and gender reporting in UK emergency medicine trials from 2010 to 2023: a systematic review
Authors: Astin-Chamberlain Raine , Pott Jason , Cole Elaine , Bloom Benjamin Michael 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundFemale participants are underrepresented in randomised control trials conducted in urgent care settings. Although sex and gender are frequently reported within demographic data, it is less common for primary outcomes to be disaggregated by sex or gender. The aim of this review is to report sex and gender of participants in the primary papers published on research listed on the National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Trauma and Emergency Care (TEC) portfolio and how these data are presented.MethodsThis is a systematic review of the published outputs of interventional trials conducted in UK EDs. Interventional trials were eligible to be included in the review if they were registered on the NIHR TEC research portfolio from January 2010, if the primary paper was published before 31 December 2023 and if the research was delivered primarily in the ED. Trials were identified through the NIHR open data platform and the primary papers were identified through specific searches using MedLine, EMBASE and PubMed. The primary objective of the review is to quantify the proportion of sex-disaggregated or gender-disaggregated primary outcomes in clinical trials within UK emergency medicine.ResultsThe initial search revealed 169 registered research projects on the NIHR TEC portfolio during the study period, of which 24 met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 76 719 participants were included, of which 31 374 (40%) were female. Only one trial (CRYOSTAT-2) reported a sex-disaggregated analysis of the effect of the intervention on either primary or secondary outcomes, and no sex-based difference in treatment effect was detected.ConclusionsFewer females than males were included in TEC trials from 2010 to 2023. One trial reported the primary outcome stratified by sex. There is significant scope to increase the scientific value of TEC trials to females by funders.
Subarachnoid haemorrhage in the emergency department (SHED): a prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study
Authors:   The Trainee Emergency Research Network (TERN)
Published: September 2024

BackgroundPeople presenting to the ED with acute severe headache often undergo investigation to exclude subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). International guidelines propose that brain imaging within 6 hours of headache onset can exclude SAH, in isolation. The safety of this approach is debated. We sought to externally validate this strategy and evaluate the test characteristics of CT-brain beyond 6 hours.MethodsA prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study of consecutive adult patients with non-traumatic acute headache presenting to the ED within a UK National Health Service setting. Investigation, diagnosis and management of SAH were all performed within routine practice. All participants were followed up for 28 days using medical records and direct contact as necessary. Uncertain diagnoses were independently adjudicated.ResultsBetween March 2020 and February 2023, 3663 eligible patients were enrolled from 88 EDs (mean age 45.8 (SD 16.6), 64.1% female). 3268 patients (89.2%) underwent CT-brain imaging. There were 237 cases of confirmed SAH, a prevalence of 6.5%. CT within 6 hours of headache onset (n=772) had a sensitivity of 97% (95% CI 92.5% to 99.2%) for the diagnosis of SAH and a negative predictive value of 99.6% (95% CI 98.9% to 99.9%). The post-test probability after a negative CT within 6 hours was 0.5% (95% CI 0.2% to 1.3%). The negative likelihood ratio was 0.03 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.08). CT within 24 hours of headache onset (n=2008) had a sensitivity of 94.6% (95% CI 91.0% to 97.0%). Post-test probability for SAH was consistently less than 1%. ForaneurysmalSAH, post-test probability was 0.1% (95% CI 0.0% to 0.4%) if the CT was performed within 24 hours of headache onset.ConclusionOur data suggest a very low likelihood of SAH after a negative CT-brain scan performed early after headache onset. These results can inform shared decision-making on the risks and benefits of further investigation to exclude SAH in ED patients with acute headache.
Management strategies and outcomes in pregnancy-related acute aortic dissection: a multicentre cohort study in China
Authors: Liu Hong , Yang Liu , Chen Cui-ying , Qian Si-chong , Ma Lu-yao , Diao Yi-fei , Wu Xiao-yu , Wu Shu-yan , Dong Zhi-qiang , Shao Yong-feng , Zhang Hong-jia , Sun Li-Zhong , Zhu Jun-ming , Zhang Jia-rong , Li Haiyang 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundAcute aortic dissection (AD) in pregnancy poses a lethal risk to both mother and fetus. However, well-established therapeutic guidelines are lacking. This study aimed to investigate clinical features, outcomes and optimal management strategies for pregnancy-related AD.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective multicentre cohort study including 67 women with acute AD during pregnancy or within 12 weeks postpartum from three major cardiovascular centres in China between 2003 and 2021. Patient characteristics, management strategies and short-term outcomes were analysed.ResultsMedian age was 31 years, with AD onset at median 32 weeks gestation. Forty-six patients (68.7%) had type A AD, of which 41 underwent immediate surgery. Overall maternal mortality was 10.4% (7/67) and fetal mortality was 26.9% (18/67). Compared with immediate surgery, selective surgery was associated with higher risk of composite maternal and fetal death (adjusted RR: 12.47 (95% CI 3.26 to 47.73); p=0.0002) and fetal death (adjusted RR: 8.77 (95% CI 2.33 to 33.09); p=0.001).ConclusionsImmediate aortic surgery should be considered for type A AD at any stage of pregnancy or postpartum. For pregnant women with AD before fetal viability, surgical treatment with the fetus in utero should be considered. Management strategies should account for dissection type, gestational age, and fetal viability.Trial registration numberNCT05501145.
Regression of renal cell carcinoma by T cell receptor-engineered T cells targeting a human endogenous retrovirus
Authors: Barisic Stefan , Brahmbhatt Elizabeth M , Cherkasova Elena , Spear Timothy T , Savani Ujjawal , Pierre Stephanie , Scurti Gina M , Chen Long , Igboko Muna , Nadal Rosa , Zeng Gang , Parry Gordon , Stroncek David F , Highfill Steven , Dalheim Annika V , Reger Robert , Nishimura Michael I , Childs Richard W 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundWe discovered a novel human endogenous retrovirus (CT-RCC HERV-E) that was selectively expressed in most clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) and served as a source of antigens for T cell-mediated killing. Here, we described the cloning of a novel T cell receptor (TCR) targeting a CT-RCC HERV-E-derived antigen specific to ccRCC and characterized antitumor activity of HERV-E TCR-transduced T cells (HERV-E T cells).MethodsWe isolated a CD8+T cell clone from a patient with immune-mediated regression of ccRCC post-allogeneic stem cell transplant that recognized the CT-RCC-1 HERV-E-derived peptide in an HLA-A11-restricted manner. We used 5’Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) to clone the full length HERV-E TCR and generated retrovirus encoding this TCR for transduction of T cells. We characterized HERV-E T cells for phenotype and function in vitro and in a murine xenograft model. Lastly, we implemented a good manufacturing practice-compliant method for scalable production of HERV-E T cells.ResultsThe HLA-A11-restricted HERV-E-reactive TCR exhibited a CD8-dependent phenotype and demonstrated specific recognition of the CT-RCC-1 peptide. CD8+T cells modified to express HERV-E TCR displayed potent antitumor activity against HLA-A11+ccRCC cells expressing CT-RCC HERV-E compared with unmodified T cells. Killing by HERV-E T cells was lost when cocultured against HERV-E knockout ccRCC cells. HERV-E T cells induced regression of established ccRCC tumors in a murine model and improved survival of tumor-bearing mice. Large-scale production of HERV-E T cells under good manufacturing practice conditions generated from healthy donors retained specific antigen recognition and cytotoxicity against ccRCC.ConclusionsThis is the first report showing that human ccRCC cells can be selectively recognized and killed by TCR-engineered T cells targeting a HERV-derived antigen. These preclinical findings provided the foundation for evaluating HERV-E TCR-transduced T cell infusions in patients with metastatic ccRCC in a clinical trial (NCT03354390).
Circumventing resistance within the Ewing sarcoma microenvironment by combinatorial innate immunotherapy
Authors: Luo Wen , Hoang Hai , Zhu Hongwen , Miller Katherine , Mo Xiaokui , Eguchi Shiori , Tian Meijuan , Liao Yanling , Ayello Janet , Rosenblum Jeremy M , Marcondes Mario , Currier Mark , Mardis Elaine , Cripe Timothy , Lee Dean , Cairo Mitchell S 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundPediatric patients with recurrent/metastatic Ewing sarcoma (ES) have a dismal 5-year survival. Novel therapeutic approaches are desperately needed. Natural killer (NK) cell number and function are low in ES patient tumors, in large part due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) is highly expressed on ES and associated with ES metastasis. NKTR-255 is a polymer-conjugated recombinant human interleukin-15 (IL-15) agonist improving NK cell activity and persistence. Magrolimab (MAG) is a CD47 blockade that reactivates the phagocytic activity of macrophages.MethodsTranscriptome profiling coupled with CIBERSORT analyses in both ES mouse xenografts and human patient tumors were performed to identify mechanisms of NK resistance in ES TME. A chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) NK cell targeting MCAM was engineered by CAR mRNA electroporation into ex vivo expanded NK cells. In vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed to investigate the efficacy of anti-MCAM-CAR-NK cell alone or combined with NKTR-255 against ES cells. Interferon-γ and perforin levels were measured by ELISA. The effect of MAG on macrophage phagocytosis of ES cells was evaluated by in vitro phagocytosis assays. Cell-based and patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-based xenograft mouse models of ES were used to investigate the antitumor efficacy of CAR-NK alone and combined with NKTR-255 and MAG in vivo.ResultsWe found that NK cell infiltration and activity were negatively regulated by tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in ES TME. Expression of anti-MCAM CAR significantly and specifically enhanced NK cytotoxic activity against MCAMhighbut not MCAM-knockout ES cells in vitro, and significantly reduced lung metastasis and extended animal survival in vivo. NKTR-255 and MAG significantly enhanced in vitro CAR-NK cytotoxicity and macrophage phagocytic activity against ES cells, respectively. By combining with NKTR-255 and MAG, the anti-MCAM-CAR-NK cell significantly decreased primary tumor growth and prolonged animal survival in both cell- and PDX-based ES xenograft mouse models.ConclusionsOur preclinical studies demonstrate that immunotherapy via the innate immune system by combining tumor-targeting CAR-NK cells with an IL-15 agonist and a CD47 blockade is a promising novel therapeutic approach to targeting MCAMhighmalignant metastatic ES.
Distinct plasma lipids predict axonal injury and multiple sclerosis activity
Authors: Schoeps Vinicius A , Bhargava Pavan , Virupakshaiah Akash , Ladakis Dimitrios Christos , Moseley Carson , Chong Janet , Aaen Gregory , Graves Jennifer S , Benson Leslie , Gorman Mark P , Rensel Mary , Abrams Aaron , Mar Soe , Lotze Timothy E , Chitnis Tanuja , Waldman Amy , Krupp Lauren , Rodriguez Moses , Tillema Jan-Mendelt , Rose John , Schreiner Teri , Qureshi Ferhan , Peterson Skyler , Barcellos Lisa F , Casper T Charles , Newman John , Borkowski Kamil , Waubant Emmanuelle 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundLipids are of particular interest for the study of neuroinjury and neuroinflammation as structural lipids are major components of myelin, and a variety of lipid species modulate inflammation. In this study, we performed an in-depth lipidomics analysis to identify lipids associated with injury and disease activity.MethodsPlasma samples were collected from paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) cases within 4 years of disease onset from 17 sites. The lipidome was measured using untargeted and targeted mass spectrometry. For cross-sectional analyses, the agreement between multiple machine learning models was used to predict neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels. In longitudinal analyses, the association between clinical (relapse count) and imaging (MRI count with ≥1 enhancing or new T2 lesion) outcomes with each metabolite was estimated using adjusted negative binomial regression.ResultsAt sample collection, 68% of the 435 included individuals were treatment-naive, with a median disease duration of 0.8 years (IQR 0.3–1.7). For longitudinal analyses, 381 and 335 subjects had at least 1 year of clinical and imaging follow-up, respectively. In cross-sectional analyses, NfL chain levels identified structural lipids (phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines) as the highest-performing predictors, including external validation. In contrast, longitudinal analyses found polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their derivatives to be protective from subsequent disease activity (q<0.001, multiple outcomes).ConclusionThere are two categories of lipids associated with MS processes. First, structural lipids strongly associated with NfL levels may result from cell lysis secondary to acute inflammation. In contrast, PUFAs, especially ω−3, had a protective effect on subsequent disease activity.
Distribution ofChlamydia trachomatis ompA-genotypes over three decades in Portugal
Authors: Lodhia Zohra , Cordeiro Dora , Correia Cristina , João Inês , Carreira Teresa , Vieira Luís , Nunes Alexandra , Ferreira Rita , Schäfer Sandra , Aliyeva Elzara , Portugal Clara , Monge Isabel , Pessanha Maria Ana , Toscano Cristina , Côrte-Real Rita , Antunes Marília , Gomes Joao Paulo , Borges Vítor , José Borrego Maria 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesChlamydia trachomatisis classified into 15 major genotypes, A to L3, based on the diversity ofompAgene. Here, we evaluated and characterised the distribution and diversity ofompA-genotypes over 32 years (1990–2021) in Portugal.MethodsThe collection of the Portuguese National Reference Laboratory for Sexually Transmitted Infections includes 5824C.trachomatis-positive samples that were successfullyompA-genotyped between 1990 and 2021. An in-depth analysis ofompA-genotypes distribution across the years, as well as by biological sex, age and anatomical site of infection was performed.ResultsompA-genotype E was consistently the most frequently detected across the years, with a median frequency of 34.6%, followed by D/Da (17.6%), F (14.3%) and G (10.7%). The prevalence of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) genotypes (mostly L2, 62.0%, followed by L2b, 32.1%) increased since 2016, reaching the highest value in 2019 (20.9%). LGV, G and Da genotypes were associated with biological sex, specifically with being male, and were the most frequent among anorectal specimens (37.7%, 19.4% and 17.7%, respectively). Notably, LGVompA-genotypes represented 38.9% of the male anorectal specimens since 2016, and were also detected among oropharynx and urogenital samples.ompA-genotype E was the most frequently detected at the oropharynx (28.6%) and urogenital (33.9%) sites during the study period, followed by D/Da (17.4%) and F (16.0%) in the urogenital specimens, and by G (26.1%) and D/Da (25.7%) in oropharynx specimens. Our data also highlight the emergence of the recombinant L2b/D-Da strain since 2017 (representing between 2.0% and 15.5% of LGV casesperyear) and the non-negligible detection ofompA-genotype B in urogenital and anorectal specimens.ConclusionsThis study provides a comprehensive landscape ofC. trachomatismolecular surveillance in Portugal, highlighting the continued relevance ofompA-genotyping as a complement to rapid LGV-specific detection tests. It also contributes to a deeper understanding ofC. trachomatisepidemiology, diversity and pathogenicity.
Impact of fungicide, IMI-herbicide, and cultivar on ascochyta blight severity and yield of chickpea in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Hubbard Michelle , Luan Limin , Tar'an Bunyamin , Gossen Bruce D. 
Published: September 2024

Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta rabiei, is a serious constraint to chickpea production, managed primarily via foliar fungicides and genetic resistance. Imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides, used for in-crop weed management, can injure susceptible chickpea cultivars and so increase ascochyta risk. The impact of IMI application on susceptible and tolerant cultivars was assessed in combination with blight management options (starting fungicide application prior to symptom development, two versus four fungicide applications, genetic resistance) in small plot trials in Saskatchewan in 2019, 2021, and 2022. Two kabuli-type chickpea cultivars (CDC Orion, CDC Orkney) and two desi-types (CDC Vanguard, CDC Cory) were grown with or without IMI herbicide. CDC Orion and CDC Vanguard were susceptible to IMI herbicides, CDC Orkney and CDC Cory were tolerant. The severity of ascochyta blight (0–9 scale) was very low in 2019 and 2021 (1.3 in 2019, 0.5 in 2021) and generally did not differ among treatments. In 2022, the desi cultivars had less disease at the end of the season than kabuli cultivars (mean 3.1 vs. 4.3). In 2022, two applications of fungicide (starting before or after symptoms appeared) reduced severity relative to the control (3.5 vs. 4.6). Four applications did not provide additional reduction. IMI herbicides resulted in <15% injury on IMI-susceptible and none on IMI-tolerant cultivars. Waiting for ascochyta symptoms, rated 1, to apply fungicide was just as effective as applying fungicide before symptom development. Fungicides provide yield and disease management benefits when disease is moderate, but not when weather is hot and dry.
Lifetimes of excited states in $$^{16}$$C as a benchmark for ab initio developments
Authors: Mathy M. , Petri M. , Roth R. , Wagner L. , Heil S. , Ayangeakaa A. D. , Bottoni S. , Carpenter M. P. , Crawford H. L. , Fallon P. , Elson J. , Kinnison J. , Lauritsen T. , Lee I.-Y. , Macchiavelli A. O. , Paschalis S. , Reviol W. , Sarantites D. G. , Syndikus I. , L. Tabor S. , Wiedeking M. , Zhu S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLifetimes of higher-lying states ($$2_2^+$$

2
2
+

and $$4_1^+$$

4
1
+

) in $$^{16}$$

16

C have been measured, employing the Gammasphere and Microball detector arrays, as key observables to test and refine ab initio calculations based on interactions developed within chiral Effective Field Theory. The presented experimental constraints to these lifetimes of $$\tau ({2_2^+}) = [\,244, 446]\,~\textrm{fs}$$

τ

(

2
2
+

)

=

[

244
,
446
]

fs

and $$\tau ({4_1^+}) = [\,1.8, 4]\,~\textrm{ps}$$

τ

(

4
1
+

)

=

[

1.8
,
4
]

ps

, combined with previous results on the lifetime of the $$2_1^+$$

2
1
+

state of $$^{16}$$

16

C, provide a rather complete set of key observables to benchmark the theoretical developments. We present No-Core Shell-Model calculations using state-of-the-art chiral 2- (NN) and 3-nucleon (3N) interactions at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order for both the NN and the 3N contributions and a generalized natural-orbital basis (instead of the conventional harmonic-oscillator single-particle basis) which reproduce, for the first time, the experimental findings remarkably well. The level of agreement of the new calculations as compared to the CD-Bonn meson-exchange NN interaction is notable and presents a critical benchmark for theory.
Investigating μ±μ−→μ±μ− collisions under the effect of scalar and vector unparticles in Randall–Sundrum model
Authors: Dung Le Mai , Thuy Dao Thi Le , Thuc Le Nhu 
Published: September 2024

A theoretical attempt is made to present the unparticles contribution to the muon processes [Formula: see text], in Standard Model (SM), Randall–Sundrum (RS) model and RS model with unparticles (RS([Formula: see text])) including scalar and vector unparticles. We evaluated the cross-sections versus the scattering angle [Formula: see text], the kinetic energy [Formula: see text] of the outgoing muon beams, the collision energy [Formula: see text], the scaling dimension [Formula: see text] and the energy scale [Formula: see text]. The numerical results show that the cross-sections of two processes in RS([Formula: see text]) are much larger than in SM. The [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] beams can be accelerated and collided, producing the outgoing [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] beams as final states with large kinetic energy to probe new physics effects. The total cross-sections depend strongly on the polarization conditions of incoming muon and anti-muon beams, the scaling dimension [Formula: see text] and the energy scale [Formula: see text]. The final states of the muon collisions also depend on [Formula: see text] of colliders and unparticles parameter: ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) if unparticle physics included. The results subsequently lead to the unparticle contribution as propagator significantly larger than SM and Higgs–radion propagator. Hence, it would be worthwhile probing at the future colliders when the muons become the accelerating candidates in the collisions we restricted.
Optimization of polymer incorporation in MOF via solvent exchange activation
Authors: Hai Jianhang , Wei Shuli , Zou Jie , Wang Lele , Lu Yunqing , Wang Jin 
Published: September 2024

In this work, we activate metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) by applying the general vacuum heating (VH) method or the solvent exchange (SE) method, and encapsulate PSt into the MOF channels by the in-situ polymerization. For the SE method, methanol is optimal to exchange the DMF molecules inside MOF. The effectiveness of these two activation methods is compared. The results show that the MOF activated via the SE method has a higher specific surface area and a larger pore volume than the MOF activated via the general VH method. Also, the SE method is more efficient for the removal of DMF from the MOF channels, and leaves more open metal sites. Specifically, the amounts of loaded monomers inside the MOF activated via the SE method and the general VH method are 4.58 and 2.67 mmol/cm3. Furthermore, the MOF activated via the SE method has better retention of the channel structure and more free volume in the channels. This can increase the mobility of the monomers. As a consequence, the conversion rate of 47.57% from St to PSt is achieved in the MOF activated via the SE method, which is 50.21% higher than that obtained via the general VH method.