bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Diflubenzuron–Eup Experiment,1996
Authors: Way M.O. , Wallace R.G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was a non-replicated experimental use permit (EUP) study with 4 treatments. Plot size was 4.77 acres. One d before planting, plots were fertilized by air with 55 lb nitrogen and 40 lb phosphorus/acre. Fertilizer was incorporated with a “do-all” On 23 Mar plots were drill planted (7.5 inches between rows) at 90 lb seed/acre. Soil type was Labelle. Seed was treated with Apron-FI, Vitavax 200 Flowable, Zinc Starter, and Release LC. After planting, plots were “rolled” to help cover seed and to create a firm seedbed. Plots were flush irrigated (temporary flood for 24h then drain) 2 Apr. Rice emerged 11 Apr. Rice was flush irrigated as needed until application of the permanent flood on 5 May (24 d after rice emergence). On 24 Apr, Facet 75DF and Stam 4E at 0.5 lb and 2 qt/acre, respectively, were applied by air. Urea at 60 lb nitrogen/acre was applied by air on 3 May. All diflubenzuron treatments and Furadan 3G were applied by air. Final spray volume for the diflubenzuron treatments was 10 gpa. On 30 May urea was applied by air at 55 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen for the season was 170 lb/acre. All aerial applications were made by M&M Air Service of Beaumont. On each of 26 May and 13 Jun (21 d and 39 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood), twenty 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. On 7 Aug, plots were harvested with a John Deere 9400 combine. For yield data, 3 swaths (each swath 400 ft X 12 ft) in each plot were cut and total grain weight recorded. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed usingx + 0.5 and analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and LSD.
Evaluation of Microbial Insecticides for Management of Soybean Looper, 1996
Authors: Boyd M. L. , Boethel D. J. , Fitzpatrick B. J. , Mascarenhas R. N. , Mascarenhas V. J. , Clemens C. G. , Vidrine P. R. , Moore S. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of selected microbial insecticides for control of soybean looper in Louisiana was evaluated in two small-plot insecticide trials at the Dean Lee Research Station in Rapides Parish, LA. Tests 1 and 2 (‘Buckshot 723’) were both conducted on 15 Aug when soybeans were in the R5 growth stage. Treatments were applied using a hand-held CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 15 gpa at 35 psi through Teejet® 8002 flat fan nozzles. Plots in both tests were 4 rows wide (38 inches row spacing) by 50 ft and were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. At 3 and 7 DAT, one 25-sweep sample was taken from each plot with a 15-inch diam sweep net. Both tests received 0.57, 0.02, and 0.10 inches rainfall on 18, 21, and 22 Aug, respectively.
Bean Leaf Beetle and Soybean Looper Control on Soybean, 1996
Authors: Clemens C. G. , Fitzpatrick B. J. , Boyd M. L. , Mascarenhas R. N. , Boethel D. J. , Cook Don , Burris Genec 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seven compounds were selected to evaluate for control of BLB and SLB in a small plot insecticide trial at the Northeast Research Station near St. Joseph, LA (Tensas Parish). Treatments were applied on 4 Sep to ‘Hartz 5088’ soybean in the R5 growth stage using a high clearance, CO2-compressed air sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 50 psi through TXVS12 hollow cone nozzles. Plots were arranged in a RCB design (4 replications), each plot being 4-row wide (40-inch row spacing) by 50 ft long. At 2 and 7 DAT, larval SBL and adult BLB populations were evaluated by taking one 25-sweep sample per plot, using a standard 15-inch diam sweep net. On 10 Sep, the test received 1.33 inch rainfall. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and treatment means were separated using DMRT.
Control of Stink Bugs, Velvetbean Caterpillars, and Threecornered Alfalfa Hoppers on Soybeans, 1995
Authors: Crowe Bert D. , Taylor J. Delano , McPherson Robert M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of 5 selected insecticides for control of insect pests was evaluated at the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. Foliar applications of insecticides were made on 29 Aug on ‘Braxton’ and ‘Cobb’ soybeans planted on 24 May. Individual plots were 4 rows wide X 50 ft long with alleys 6 ft wide at each end and 2 border rows on each side arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Replicates 1 and 3 were planted with ‘Braxton’ soybeans. Replicates 2 and 4 were planted with ‘Cobb’ soybeans. Each spray concentrate was applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with 4, TX-12 nozzles on a 6-ft boom (2 nozzles per row) at 40 psi delivering 18.7 gpa. Each plot was sampled prior to treatment and on 7, 14 and 21 DAT, by taking a 20-s weep sample with a 15-inch diam net from a single row. Soybeans were in the R5 growth stage (pods filling with seeds) during the testing period. The data were subjected to ANOVA and DMRT (P = 0.05).
Evaluation of Soybean Looper and Stink Bug Control on Soybean, 1996
Authors: Fitzpatrick B. J. , Clemens C. G. , Boethel D. J. , Micinski S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of standard and experimental in secticides was evaluated in two small plot trials conducted at the Red River Research Station located near Bossier City, LA (Bossier Parish). Treatments were applied to ‘Hutcheson’ soybeans with a high clearance, CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 5.9 gpa at 40 psi through TXVS6 hollow cone nozzles (2/row). Plots were 50 ft X 4 rows (40 inch centers) and arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on 20 and 22 Aug in Tests 1 and 2, respectively. One 25-sweep sample/plot was taken with a standard 15-inch diam sweep net at 2, 5, and 9 DAT in Test 1 and 3 and 7 DAT in Test 2. On 27, 28, and 29 Aug both tests received 0.17,0.92, and 0.27 inches of rainfall, respectively. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and means sep arated by DNMRT.
Pyrethroid Insecticides at Standard and Reduced Rates for Management of Sunflower Beetle Larvae, 1996
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. , Braun R. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A grower-established sunflower field (planted on 25 May with a seeding rate of 23,300 per acre) was found to have sufficient SB larvae (5 per plant) to conduct our insecticide evaluations. This site in north-central South Dakota (Ipswich) was used to evaluate 3 pyrethroid insecticides at standard and reduced rates for management of SB larvae. Plots were 25 ft long by 8 rows (36 inch spacing) wide and the study was arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Treatment plots were buffered by 2 untreated rows to prevent cross-contamination between plots due to insecticide drift. Pre-application evaluations used whole-plant counts which were carried out on 20 plants per plot. Treatments were applied to plots on 2 Jul at V-8 stage of sunflower physiological development. Applications were made using a CO2-propelled backpack sprayer system equipped with a 6.7 ft long, 4-nozzle (TeeJet 8001 flat fan; spaced 20 inches apart) boom. The system was calibrated to deliver a spray volume of 15 gpa while traveling at 3 mph. Efficacy was evaluated at 7 and 24 DAT using the same counting technique and number of plants sampled as pre-application sampling. Data were analyzed with SAS’s General Linear Models procedure and means were compared using DMRT.
Control of Sunflower Moth, 1996
Authors: Seymour R. C. , Campbell J. B. , Wright R. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sunflowers were planted on 29 May with a ridge till planter. Insecticides were applied with a back-pack sprayer on 2 Aug when the plants were in the 5% bloom stage. The insecticide treatments were applied with water in a total volume of 3 gpa, at an application pressure of 20 psi. The treatments were replicated four times in 10 X 35 ft plots arranged in a RCB design. Sunflower moth larval damage was evaluated 13 Sep by estimating the surface area damaged on the heads of ten plants from the center of each plot.
Fall Mole Cricket Control on Golf Courses, 1995A
Authors: Harris Joseph P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted on fairways 11, 12, 13 and 18 at the Jackson County Golf Course in Jackson County on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi. Soil type was a sandy clay loam. Mole crickets were midinstar nymphs. Experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Each replication was 2,000 ft2. Treatments were applied on 6 Sep. Granular formulations were applied with a Scotts ProTurf, handpushed spreader. Rainfall and/or irrigation from 6 Sep through 3 Oct was a total of 9.03 inches during this study. All plots received 0.25 inch water within 1 hour after applications. Mole cricket damage was rated using a 1 m2 frame divided into nine equal, square-shaped sections. The frame was place on the ground at 10 locations/replicate. The presence of mounds and tunnels was determined visually and by touch. Damage ranged from zero (no damage in any of the nine sections) to nine (nine sections contained mounds and/or tunnels). Pretreatment counts were made on 6 Sep and post-treatment counts were made on 12, 19, 26 Sep and 3 Oct.
Fall Mole Cricket Control on Golf Courses, 1995C
Authors: Harris Joseph P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted on fairways 10, 12, 13, 15 and 18 at the Jackson County Golf Course in Jackson County on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi. Soil type was a sandy clay loam. Mole crickets were midinstar nymphs Experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Each replication was 2,000 ft2. Treatments were made on 24 Oct. Granular formulations were applied with a Scotts ProTurf, hand-pushed spreader. Liquid and wettable powder formulations were applied with a Solo Knapsack sprayer using a fan nozzle at 25 psi, and a spray volume of 2 gal per 2,000 ft2. Rainfall from 24 Oct to 11 Nov was a total of 16.41 inches during this study. All plots received 0.33 inch water within 1 hour after applications. Mole cricket damage was rated using a 1 m2 frame divided into nine equal, square-shaped sections. The frame was placed on the ground at 10 locations/replicate. The presence of mounds and tunnels was determined visually and by touch. Damage ranged from zero (no damage in any of the nine sections) to nine (nine sections contained mounds and/or tunnels). Pretreatment counts were made on 24 Oct and post-treatmem counts were made on 31 Oct and 6, 13 and 20 Nov.
Black Cutworm Control in Bentgrass, 1996
Authors: Gibb T. J. , Buhler W. G. , Gerber C. K. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Tests were conducted at the Purdue University Agronomy Research Center, W. Lafayette, Ind. All treatments were applied to a 4 ft2 area, replicated four times in a RCB design. Dispersible formulations were applied through a TeeJet® 11003 spray tip attached to a 60-ml plastic syringe at a volume of 2 gal water/1000 ft2. Granular formulations were applied using a homemade salt shaker. All treatments were watered in with one-third inch of water within 4 hours after application. Galvanized steel circular barriers (60 inch circumference) were buried 1 inch into the soil and projected 3 inches above the soil in the center of each plot. Five 5th-instar black cutworms were infested within each barrier 1 day prior to treatment, 10 Jul. Netting material was clipped to the top of each barrier to prevent bird predation. Plots were inspected immediately before treatment and any dead cutworms were replaced. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temp., 75°F; thatch depth (natural), &lt;0.2 inches; soil texture, silt loam; wind speed 1-5 mph. Efficacy was evaluated 4 DAT by applying 1 T of Joy dishwashing liquid/gal of water in each arena and recording the number of cutworms that emerged from the turf. The data from two untreated plots in each replicate were averaged to produce a mean for each replicate before statistical analysis.
Evaluation of Experimental Dowelanco Naf85 and Naf127 Formulations, and Dursban Pro for Man-Agement of Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass, 1996
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatment plots were 6 X 10 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times at University Park, PA. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on an 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 454 ml of water/60 ft2 or delivering 2.0 gal/1,000 ft2. Treatments were applied on 18 Jul following artificial infestation of the research area with 2nd and 3rd instar black cutworms. An average of 18/yd2 cutworm larvae was recorded on 16 Jul prior to treatment. At treatment time (18 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 74° F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 72°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 69°F; RH, 86%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 69.7% sand, 25.9% silt, 4/4% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 23.0%; organic matter, 3.1%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.5; time of application, early-morning; and clear skies. Post-treatment counts were recorded 2 DAT (20 Jul), 7 DAT (25 Jul), and 14 DAT (1 Aug) by counting the number of black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0 yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap irritant drench of 30 ml Lemon Joy™ dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of wa-ter.
Control of Annual Bluegrass Weevil with Merit and Tempo, 1996
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan , Carney Bryan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This trial was conducted at Wentworth-By-The-Sea Country Club, New Castle, NH. All treatments were applied on 3 May to 7 X 7 ft plots, 5 replicates per treatment, in an RCB design on a green. Treatments were applied with a 2-wheel bicycle-type CO2 boom sprayer equipped with 4 spray heads, fitted with a 50-mesh strainer and an 8004 fan-type nozzle. The volume of water and insecticide mix per plot was 2 gal/1000ft2 delivered at 40 psi. Adult weevils were active at the time of treatment. The turf was moist, and a light rain continued after applications. Other weather conditions were as follows: air temp, 66°F, wind, light breeze. Soil conditions were as follows: temp at 1-inch depth, 60°F; texture, sandy loam; sand, 67%; silt, 20%; clay, 13%; dry matter, 84%; moisture, 16%; soil pH, 7.4; organic matter, 3.9%; thatch depth, 1/2 inch. The trial was rated on 19 Jun by taking three 4 1/4-inch cup cutter plugs per plot, and counting the number of live larvae and pupae found within each plug.
Evaluation of Merit for Preventative Control of Green June Beetle Grubs in Turf, 1995
Authors: Held D. , Potter D. A. , Williamson C. , Keathley C. , Kunkel B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test was con ducted in a mature, low-maintenance stand of Kentucky bluegrass and mixed weeds on the University of Kentucky intramural athletic fields, Lexington, KY. The turf was on a Maury silt loam (finesilty, mixed, mesic Typic Paleudalf) with pH = 6.4. There was no thatch. Plots (12 X 12 ft) were arranged in a RCB design with six replications. The turf was treated on 3 Aug, late in the flight of GJB. The site had a history of GJB infestation, and there was very heavy beetle flight for several weeks preceding the treatment. Conditions at the time of treatment were 86°F, with winds &lt; 10 mph. The liquid applications were given at 50 gpa using a low volume, CO2 sprayer equipped with four Spraying System 8004 Tee Jet nozzles that delivered 2109 g pressure per cm2. Granular formulations were mixed with dry sand and applied to the plots by gloved hand. Each plot was syringed with about 1/8” water within 5 minutes after application, and the whole site was irrigated with about 3/4” (2 cm) of water as soon as the last treatment had been applied. There was 1.78 inches of rainfall on 5 Aug, and another 0.5 inch over the next 3 days. Plots were sampled on 26 Sep using an insecticide flush method that takes advantage of the fact that GJB grubs die on the turf surface following applications of conventional insecticides. Triumph 4E (isazophos) was applied at the labeled rate (2 lb(AI)/acre) using a Solo backpack sprayer. The flush spray was immediately syringed with 0.25” of water as before. Grub populations were assessed at dawn of the following day. A 2 X 2 m frame made from PVC pipe was placed in the center of each plot, and dead GJB grubs within the sample area were counted. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance with means separated by Fisher’s protected LSD test.
Management of Annual Bluegrass Weevil on a Golf Course Fairway with Chlorpyrifos, Imidaclo-Prid, Cyfluthrin, Cyfluthrin in Combination with Imidacloprid, and Experimental Formulations 1996
Authors: Heller P.R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (70%) and Kentucky bluegrass (30%) in Bedford County, PA. Applications were made when flowering dogwood was in full bloom. Treatment plots were 6 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with four 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 272 ml of water/36 ft2 or delivering 2 gal water/1,000 ft2. At the treatment time (14 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: application time, mid-afternoon; air temperature, 57°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 64°F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 60°F; RH, 35%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.50 inch; soil textural class, loam; soil particle size analysis: 27.4% sand, 46.9% silt, 25.8% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 46.6%; organic matter, 6.8%; water pH, 7; soil pH, 5.9; and clear skies. The experimental area was irrigated with 0.1 inch of water 24 hr after treatment. Post-treatment counts were made on 14 Jun. Annual bluegrass weevil control was evaluated by removing three 4-inch cup cutter sod samples from each replicate and recording the total number of annual bluegrass weevil life stages (larva, pupa, adult) per sample. Totals were then converted to a ft2 count.
Preventive Treatments Applied for Control of an Induced Japanese Beetle Larval Population in Turfgrass, 1996
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted on the lawns of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center at Wooster, Ohio. Applications were made 26 Jun to plots 3 X 5 ft arranged in a RCB replicated four times. Treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer and Teejet™ XR8010VS nozzles at 60 psi pressure that delivered a volume of 2 gal/1000 ft2. Immediately after all treatments were applied the area received 1II inch of water. The site conditions were: 100% Kentucky bluegrass, 0-¼ inch loose thatch, level. Environmental conditions at time of treatment were as follows: JB larvae—none present; turf—dry, 2 inch ht; soil —moist, 73°F at 1 inch and 71°F at 3 inch; weather—sunny, 76°F, 0-5 mph wind. A caging technique was used to ensure IB oviposition into the plots. Three cylinders, 8 inch in diam by 6 inch ht, were inserted into the soil in each plot. Thirty JB adults were placed and confined in each cylinder two times, first on 9 Jul (52% ♀) and next on 17 Jul (44% ♀). Caged adults were fed fresh apple slices coated with brewers yeast every 2 days. Cylinders were removed after 15 days of caging. Evaluation on 1 Oct (96 DAT) involved counting the number of live larvae in each of three 8-inch diam areas where the cylinders were located in each plot. Analysis of variance was done on plot totals and means separated by LSD test at P = 0.05.
Influence of Application Date on the Efficacy of Insecticides Applied for Control of Japanese Beetle Larvae on a Golf Course Fairway, 1996
Authors: Power K. T. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. G. , Shetlar D. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted on a fairway at Twin Lakes Golf Course in Ontario, Ohio. Insecticides were applied 6 Jun, 16 Jul, and 13 Aug to plots 10 X10 ft arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Granular materials were applied with a shaker jar. Liquid treatments were applied using a CO2 sprayer and Teejet™ XR8006VS nozzles at 29 psi pressure that delivered a volume of 1 gal/1000 ft2. On each application date, the area received approximately 1/4 inch post-treatment irrigation. Site conditions were as follows: irrigated fairway, five year history of grub infestations, level, 60% Kentucky bluegrass and 40% annual bluegrass, no thatch. Environmental conditions at the 6 Jun treatment were as follows: JB — none present; turf—dry, 1 1/4 inch ht; soil — 31.8% moisture, 60°Fat 1 inch and 62°Fat 3 inch; weather—sun and clouds, 62°F, variable 0-15 mph wind. Environmental conditions at the 16 Jul treatment were as follows: JB—adults present; Turf—dry, ¼ inch ht; soil — 25.7% moisture, 68°F at 1 inch and 62°F at 3 inch; weather: cloudy, 72°F, 0-10 mph wind. Environmental conditions at the 13 Aug treatment were as follows: JB —first instars present; turf—dry, ¼ inch ht; soil—22.2% moisture, 70°F at 1 inch and 3 inch; weather—mostly sunny, 75DF, no wind. Evaluation on 1 Oct (116, 76, & 43 DAT) involved counting the number of live larvae in each of six 7 X 7 inch sampling areas per plot. Analysis of variance was done on plot totals and means separated by LSD test at P = 0.05.
Efficacy of Bacillus Thuringiensis Strain Buibui for Control of Japanese Beetle Larvae on a Golf Course Fairway, 1996
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted on a non-irrigated fairway at Pleasant Hill Golf Course in Perrysville, OH. Insecticides were ap-plied 19 Aug to plots 10 X 10 ft arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Liquid treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer and Teejet™ XR8008VS nozzles at 35 psi pressure that delivered a volume of 2 gal/1000 ft2. The granular treatments were applied with a shaker jar. Immediately af-ter all applications were made, the area was irrigated using sweep sprinklers with approximately ¼ inch of water. There was no further supplemental irri-gation. Environmental conditions at the time of treatment were as follows: JB larvae—approximately 20/ft2, 55% first & 45% second instars; turf: level, dry, ¼ inch ht, 60% Kentucky bluegrass and 40% fine fescue, no thatch; soil — moist, 66°F at 1 inch and 3 inch; weather—sunny, 65°F, 5-8 mph wind. Efficacy data taken 1 Aug (41 DAT) were based on the number of live larvae in six samples 7X7 inch from each plot. Analysis of variance was done on plot totals and means separated by LSD test at P = 0.05.
Twospotted Spider Mite Efficacy on Burning Bush, 1996
Authors: Smitley D.R. , Davis T.W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
On 5 Aug, twenty four 3 ft tall burning bush in 3 gal pots were sampled for twospotted spider mites. These container-grown plants were maintained in a nursery holding area at the Entomology Field House on the campus of Michigan State University. The plants were blocked by the precounts taken on 5 Aug. Applications were made on 8 Aug with a R&D CO2 powered single nozzle sprayer. Treatments were applied at 50 psi through an 8008 flat fan nozzle to each of 6 replications. Each replication consisted of an individual potted plant. Each plant received 333 mis of finished spray. In addition to the precounts on 5 Aug, counts were taken on 12 Aug, 22 Aug, 30 Aug, and 6 Sept by removing 10 leaves randomly from each plant and counting the number of mites on the underside of each leaf with a dissecting microscope.