bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-varying beta during the 2008 financial crisis – evidence from North America and Western Europe
Authors: Ben Slimane Ikrame , Bellalah Makram , Rjiba Hatem 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the impact of the global financial crisis on the conditional beta in the region of North America and Western Europe and the effect on the behavior and decisions of the investor.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors model the variations of volatility in financial markets during crisis using the bivariate GARCH model of Engle and Kroner (1995).

Findings
The empirical investigation identifies an additional effect of the crisis over the period of the test. Results indicate a rise in the beta in some cases and a fall in others. This rise had a direct impact on the systematic beta risk, which increased for the majority of the companies during the crisis period. The increase in beta during the crisis period has an effect on the behavior of the investor and his decisions.

Research limitations/implications
The increase in the beta during the period of crisis due to a high volatility returns has an effect on the behavior and decisions of the investor.

Originality/value
This paper examines the effects of the “subprime crisis” on the risk premium of companies in several sectors of activity.
Development of wood structural elements for fire resistant buildings
Authors: Ohashi Hirokazu , Igarashi Shinya , Nagaoka Tsutomu 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
As forestry contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gases by CO2 fixation, in recent years, use of wood in buildings has attracted all over the world more attention. However, construction of large wood structures is almost inexistent within urban areas in Japan. This is due to the Japanese law on fire protection of wood buildings in cities, which is considered very strict with severe requirements. This paper aims to present a research work relative to the development of one-hour fire-resistant wood structural elements for buildings in cities. The developed elements are composed of three layers made of laminated timber.

Design/methodology/approach
These wood structural elements, made of glued laminated timber with self-charring-stop, have sufficient fire resistance during and after a fire and comply with the strict Japanese standard for wood structural elements, which stipulates that such elements have to withstand the whole dead-load of concerned buildings after fire. To comply with such requirements, new elements of glued laminated timber with self-charring-stop layer were developed, and their performance was confirmed. Several fire-resistant tests conducted on columns, beams, column-beam joints, connections between beams and walls and beams with holes were carried out.

Findings
All tests proved that the elements have sufficient fire resistance. No damage was found out at the load-bearing part of the elements after testing. As the developed elements have two layers protecting the load-bearing part, the temperature in the load-bearing part could be retained below 260°C (carbonization temperature) and provide the elements with a sufficient fire resistance for 1 h.

Practical implications
These wood structural elements have already been applied in six projects, where large-size wooden buildings were constructed in urban areas in Japan.

Originality/value
The proposed structural elements use a novel technique. Every wooden element is composed of three layers made of glued laminated timber. The elements have a typical performance of self-charring-stop after fire without need for water of firefighters. More technologies related to these elements, including column-beam joints and beams with holes and effect of crack, were also developed to design and construct safe wooden buildings.
Tapping the potential of sensemaking for performance management
Authors: Flumerfelt Shannon , Calvo-Amodio Javier , Porter J. David 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a framework, the CX Framework, for organizational sensemaking of systems-based performance management.

Design/methodology/approach
The design/methodology/approach of this paper is theoretical analysis and empirical testing.

Findings
The findings on the CX Framework were that organizational sensemaking was aligned with performance management theory and was enhanced with the use of the CX Framework.

Research limitations/implications
The research limitations are that empirical testing has been done on the CX Framework, and therefore, generalizations are not possible.

Practical implications
The practical implications of this paper are that it aids in providing visual management to system complexity as a source of better performance management.

Social implications
The social implications of this paper are that it informs management science about the importance of sensemaking as both a human and technical act.

Originality/value
The originality of this article is the visual and analytical presentation of enhanced organizational sensemaking as a source of informed performance management.
Measurement issues of shared decision making in mental health: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Perestelo-Perez Lilisbeth , Rivero-Santana Amado , Alvarez-Perez Yolanda , Zisman-Ilani Yaara , Kaminskiy Emma , Serrano Aguilar Pedro 
Published: July 2017

PurposeShared decision making (SDM) is a model of health care in which patients are involved in the decision-making process about their treatment, considering their preferences and concerns in a deliberative process with the health care provider. Many existing instruments assess the antecedents, process, or the outcomes of SDM. The purpose of this paper is to identify the SDM-related measures applied in a mental health context.Design/methodology/approachThe authors performed a systematic review in several electronic databases from 1990 to October 2016. Studies that assessed quantitatively one or more constructs related to SDM (antecedents, process, and outcomes) in the field of mental health were included.FindingsThe authors included 87 studies that applied 48 measures on distinct SDM constructs. A large majority of them have been developed in the field of physical diseases and adapted or directly applied in the mental health context. The most evaluated construct is the SDM process in consultation, mainly by patients’ self-report but also by external observer measures, followed by the patients’ preferences for involvement in decision making. The most applied instrument was the Autonomy Preference Index, followed by the Observing Patient Involvement in Decision Making (OPTION) and the Control Preferences Scale (CPS). The psychometric validation in mental health samples of the instruments identified is scarce.Research limitations/implicationsThe bibliographic search is comprehensive, but could not be completely exhaustive. Effort should be invested in the development of new SDM for mental health tools that will reflect the complexity and specific features of mental health care.Originality/valueThe authors highlight several limitations and challenges for the measurement of SDM in mental health care.
Agglomeration of fast food companies in Brazil
Authors: Beatriz Madeira Adriana , Giampaoli Viviana 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThis study aims to understand how the institutional and populational characteristics of a Brazilian city, that is, size, gross domestic product (GDP), life expectancy, education, violence and amount of workers benefiting from PAT (Workers’ Food Program) bias the agglomeration of fast-food companies.Design/methodology/approachThe research involved 7,653 units distributed among 270 brands of fast-food chains (9 foreign and 261 Brazilian) operating in 542 Brazilian cities in 2015 and institutional and populational characteristics information about them. It calculated the Herfindahl index and implemented mixed inflated beta models.FindingsThe study found out that the agglomeration of establishments is mainly associated with the city’s income per capita, education, GDP and with some differences regarding the origin of the company, Brazilian or foreign.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of the study are the availability of Brazilian cities' data and information about the fast-food companies, such as governance-related information and general infrastructure. The study was cross-sectional, which does not analyze the business installation speed.Practical implicationsThis work provides data collection and analyzes which factors may contribute to the knowledge of the Brazilian fast-food market. It stands out that foreign companies do not seem to contemplate city violence. The proposed models can serve as an investors’ foundation to start, expand business and predict the number of establishments in a city.Originality/valueThe study highlights the relation between the cities’ institutional and populational characteristics and the aggregation of fast-food chains in Brazilian cities, using index commonly applied in industrial agglomeration.
Shifts in hatch dates do not provide pied flycatchers with a rapid ontogenetic route to adjust offspring time schedules to climate change
Authors: Ouwehand Janne , Burger Claudia , Both Christiaan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Environments change rapidly, and it is unclear whether organisms with complex life‐styles, such as avian migrants, are able to adjust sufficiently. For understanding human impacts on ecosystem functioning, it is crucial to understand how well, and by which mechanisms species are able to adapt.

To improve the understanding of migrants’ ability to adjust their annual timing to climate change, we investigated ontogenetic hatch date effects on adult spring migration timing and female egg‐laying dates. We experimentally delayed hatch dates of pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca by 1 week in three breeding seasons by delaying incubation onset. We investigated if natural and experimental (shifts in) hatch date affected timing of recruiting individuals up to at least 3 years after the manipulation.

Spring arrival dates were positively correlated with natural variation in hatch dates in three of the 5 years considered, but no such effects were found in egg laying. Experiments showed that delayed hatching resulted in delayed arrival and laying only in 1‐year‐old and not in older birds. These effects were mostly observed during one of the study years.

The discrepancy between experimental and natural hatch date effects indicates that a causal hatch date effect is not generally responsible for the correlation between a birds’ birth date and timing during adulthood. Instead, we propose that natural hatch date effects on spring arrival arise from genetic variation in migration schedules, while delays in hatching induced carry‐over effects on arrival and laying dates in offspring (e.g. the experimental effect in 2010). Strong support for year‐specific expression of hatch date and delay effects on time schedules imply that trait‐variation can be easily obscured. The latter may explain the lack of hatch date effects on female egg laying.

Our results imply that plasticity in breeding phenology does not provide pied flycatchers with a non‐genetic inheritance route to rapidly advance annual cycles. Instead, plasticity may rather masks (genetic) trait‐variation for selection to act on, and thereby slow down micro‐evolutionary adaptation to changing environments.

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Acoustic changes in the speech of children with cerebral palsy following an intensive program of dysarthria therapy*
Authors: Pennington Lindsay , Lombardo Eftychia , Steen Nick , Miller Nick 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe speech intelligibility of children with dysarthria and cerebral palsy has been observed to increase following therapy focusing on respiration and phonation.AimsTo determine if speech intelligibility change following intervention is associated with change in acoustic measures of voice.Methods & ProceduresWe recorded 16 young people with cerebral palsy and dysarthria (nine girls; mean age 14 years, SD = 2; nine spastic type, two dyskinetic, four mixed; one Worster–Drought) producing speech in two conditions (single words, connected speech) twice before and twice after therapy focusing on respiration, phonation and rate. In both single‐word and connected speech we measured vocal intensity (root mean square—RMS), period‐to‐period variability (Shimmer APQ, Jitter RAP and PPQ) and harmonics‐to‐noise ratio (HNR). In connected speech we also measured mean fundamental frequency, utterance duration in seconds and speech and articulation rate (syllables/s with and without pauses respectively). All acoustic measures were made using Praat. Intelligibility was calculated in previous research.Outcomes & ResultsIn single words statistically significant but very small reductions were observed in period‐to‐period variability following therapy: Shimmer APQ –0.15 (95% CI = –0.21 to –0.09); Jitter RAP –0.08 (95% CI = –0.14 to –0.01); Jitter PPQ –0.08 (95% CI = –0.15 to –0.01). No changes in period‐to‐period perturbation across phrases in connected speech were detected. However, changes in connected speech were observed in phrase length, rate and intensity. Following therapy, mean utterance duration increased by 1.11 s (95% CI = 0.37–1.86) when measured with pauses and by 1.13 s (95% CI = 0.40–1.85) when measured without pauses. Articulation rate increased by 0.07 syllables/s (95% CI = 0.02–0.13); speech rate increased by 0.06 syllables/s (95% CI = < 0.01–0.12); and intensity increased by 0.03 Pascals (95% CI = 0.02–0.04). There was a gradual reduction in mean fundamental frequency across all time points (–11.85 Hz, 95% CI = –19.84 to –3.86). Only increases in the intensity of single words (0.37 Pascals, 95% CI = 0.10–0.65) and reductions in fundamental frequency (–0.11 Hz, 95% CI = –0.21 to –0.02) in connected speech were associated with gains in intelligibility.Conclusions & ImplicationsMean reductions in impairment in vocal function following therapy observed were small and most are unlikely to be clinically significant. Changes in vocal control did not explain improved intelligibility.
Immunological properties and protective efficacy of a single mycobacterial antigen displayed on polyhydroxybutyrate beads
Authors: Rubio‐Reyes Patricia , Parlane Natalie A. , Buddle Bryce M. , Wedlock D. Neil , Rehm Bernd H. A. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIn 2015, there were an estimated 10.4 million new tuberculosis (TB) cases and 1.4 million deaths worldwide. Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG), an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, is the vaccine available against TB, but it is insufficient for global TB control. This study evaluated the immunogenicity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen Rv1626 in mice while assessing the effect of co‐delivering either Cpe30 (immunostimulatory peptide), CS.T3378–395 (promiscuous T helper epitope) or flagellin (TLR5 agonist) or a combination of all three immunostimulatory agents. Rv1626 and the respective immunostimulatory proteins/peptides were co‐displayed on polyhydroxybutyrate beads assembled inside an engineered endotoxin‐free mutant of Escherichia coli. Mice vaccinated with these beads produced immune responses biased towards Th1‐/Th17‐type responses, but inclusion of Cpe30, CS.T3378–395 and flagellin did not enhance immunogenicity of the Rv1626 protein. This was confirmed in a M. bovis challenge experiment in mice, where Rv1626 beads reduced bacterial cell counts in the lungs by 0.48 log10 compared with the adjuvant alone control group. Co‐delivery of immunostimulatory peptides did not further enhance protective immunity.
Green biofuels and bioproducts: bases for sustainability analysis
Authors: Ramos Juan L. , García‐Lorente Francisco , Valdivia Miguel , Duque Estrella 
Published: July 2017

Currently the chemical industry is largely petroleum based and although the number of ongoing large‐scale biocatalytic processes are relatively low, a trend in growth is expected and the Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) and other agencies aim to have 30% of the total chemical industry based on renewable sources by 2050 (Philp et al., 2013). At present a good number of bio‐based products (bioethanol, acids such as lactic, succinic, itaconic and others) are derived from corn syrup and other sugar sources (Geiser et al., 2016; Ramos et al., 2016a); however, because of the food v fuel controversy new trends have been directed towards the production of bioproducts/biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass—the most abundant and important renewable source for alternative petrol derivatives. We discuss here the bases for sustainable bioenergy production.
Mosquitoes can harbour yeasts of clinical significance and contribute to their environmental dissemination
Authors: Bozic Jovana , Capone Aida , Pediconi Dario , Mensah Priscilla , Cappelli Alessia , Valzano Matteo , Mancini Maria Vittoria , Scuppa Patrizia , Martin Elena , Epis Sara , Rossi Paolo , Favia Guido , Ricci Irene 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThere is still a lack of studies on fungal microbiota in mosquitoes, compared with the number available on bacterial microbiota. This study reports the identification of yeasts of clinical significance in laboratory mosquito species: Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. Among the yeasts isolated, they focused on the opportunistic pathogen Candida parapsilosis, since there is a need to better understand breakthrough candidaemia with resistance to the usual antifungals, which requires careful consideration in the broad‐spectrum therapy, as documented in many clinical reports. C. parapsilosis occurs widely and has been isolated from diverse sources, including insects, which may contribute to its dissemination. In this study, it was isolated from the gut of An. gambiae and its presence in developmental stages and organs of different mosquito species was studied. Our results indicated that there was a stable association between C. parapsilosis and reared mosquitoes during the entire life cycle, and in adult male and female gut and gonads. A wide occurrence of C. parapsilosis was also documented in several populations of wild mosquitoes. Based on these findings, it can be said that mosquitoes might participate in the spreading of this opportunistic pathogen, not only as a carrier.
Mesas Ejecutivas in Peru: Lessons for Productive Development Policies
Authors: Ghezzi Piero 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMiddle‐income countries are likely to face an uncertain path to development. Their strategy may need to mutate from a focus on manufacturing to a multipronged one. Unleashing the potential of those sectors requires cooperation between different private and public actors that need to coordinate. Productive development policies (PDPs) are all about solving these coordination failures. When I became Minister of Production of Peru, I had the opportunity to lead a team that designed and implemented a tool, Mesas Ejecutivas (MEs), that could be part of the toolkit of PDPs. A ME is a working group that includes private and public actors around a sector or a factor of production. They aim at identifying and removing the constraints affecting the productivity of the sector or factor, understanding that much will be learned during execution. The target audience for this article is policymakers facing similar challenges. The main message should be that there are three main prerequisites for a successful ME: (1) a private sector capable and interested in problem solving; (2) a public sector willing to participate and able to deliver; and (3) some convener very high‐up in government capable of inducing cooperation among the different stakeholders, resolving disputes, enacting regulation and allocating budget.
The utility of empirically assigning ancestry groups in cross‐population genetic studies of addiction
Authors: Peterson Roseann E. , Edwards Alexis C. , Bacanu Silviu‐Alin , Dick Danielle M. , Kendler Kenneth S. , Webb Bradley T. 
Published: July 2017

Background and ObjectivesGiven moderate heritability and significant heterogeneity among addiction phenotypes, successful genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) are expected to need very large samples. As sample sizes grow, so can genetic diversity leading to challenges in analyzing these data. Methods for empirically assigning individuals to genetically informed ancestry groups are needed.MethodsWe describe a strategy for empirically assigning ancestry groups in ethnically diverse GWAS data including extensions of principal component analysis (PCA) and population matching through minimum Mahalanobis distance. We apply these methods to data from Spit for Science (S4S): the University Student Survey, a study following college students longitudinally that includes genetic and environmental data on substance use and mental health (n = 7,603).ResultsThe genetic‐based population assignments for S4S were 48.7% European, 22.5% African, 10.4% Americas, 9.2% East Asian, and 9.2% South Asian descent. Self‐reported census categories “More than one race” and “Unknown”as well as “Hawaiian/Pacific Islander” and “American‐Indian/Native Alaskan” were empirically assigned representing a +9% sample retention over conventional methods. Although there was high concordance between self‐reported race and empirical population‐match (+.924), there was reduction in variance for most ancestry PCs for genetic‐based population assignments.ConclusionsWe were able to create more genetically homogenous groups and reduce sample and marker loss through cross‐ancestry meta‐analysis, potentially increasing power to detect etiologically relevant variation. Our approach provides a framework for empirically assigning genetic ancestry groups which can be applied to other ethnically diverse genetic studies.Scientific SignificanceGiven the important public health impact and demonstrable gains in statistical power from studying diverse populations, empirically sound practices for genetic studies are needed. (Am J Addict 2017;26:494–501)
Children born extremely preterm had different sleeping habits at 11 years of age and more childhood sleep problems than term‐born children
Authors: Stangenes Kristine Marie , Fevang Silje Kathrine , Grundt Jacob , Donkor Hilde Mjell , Markestad Trond , Hysing Mari , Elgen Irene Bircow , Bjorvatn Bjørn 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimThis study explored whether extremely preterm (EPT) children had different sleep characteristics in childhood than children born at term and how neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD) affected sleep in children born EPT.MethodsA Norwegian national cohort of 231 children born EPT from 1999 to 2000 and separate study data on 556 children born at term in 2001 were compared. Parental questionnaires mapped the children's current sleep habits at 11 years of age, namely the prevalence of sleep problems throughout childhood until this age and five categories of sleep problems. In addition, the EPT children were clinically assessed at five years of age.ResultsThe EPT children had different sleep habits than the controls, for example they went to bed earlier. EPT children had a higher prevalence of sleep problems than the controls throughout childhood (26% versus 14%, p < 0.001) and this was also higher for the 93 EPT children with no NDD (20%) than for the controls (14%) and increased with increasing NDD to 67% (p = 0.015) for the six children with severe NDD.ConclusionEPT children had different sleep habits to term‐born controls at 11 years of age, including those with no NDD. The prevalence of sleep problems increased with increasing NDD.