bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustained release biodegradable solid lipid microparticles: Formulation, evaluation and statistical optimization by response surface methodology
Authors: Hanif Muhammad , Khan Hafeez Ullah , Afzal Samina , Mahmood Asif , Maheen Safirah , Afzal Khurram , Iqbal Nabila , Andleeb Mehwish , Abbas Nazar 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
For preparing nebivolol loaded solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) by the solvent evaporation microencapsulation process from carnauba wax and glyceryl monostearate, central composite design was used to study the impact of independent variables on yield (Y1), entrapment efficiency (Y2) and drug release (Y3). SLMs having a 10-40 μm size range, with good rheological behavior and spherical smooth surfaces, were produced. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry pointed to compatibility between formulation components and the zeta-potential study confirmed better stability due to the presence of negative charge (-20 to -40 mV). The obtained outcomes for Y1 (29-86 %), Y2 (45-83 %) and Y3 (49-86 %) were analyzed by polynomial equations and the suggested quadratic model were validated. Nebivolol release from SLMs at pH 1.2 and 6.8 was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by lipid concentration. The release mechanism followed Higuchi and zero order models, while n > 0.85 value (Korsmeyer- Peppas) suggested slow erosion along with diffusion. The optimized SLMs have the potential to improve nebivolol oral bioavailability.
Alkyl polyglucoside vs. ethoxylated surfactant-based microemulsions as vehicles for two poorly water-soluble drugs: physicochemical characterization and in vivo skin performance
Authors: Pajić Nataša Z. Bubić , Todosijević Marija N. , Vuleta Gordana M. , Cekić Nebojša D. , Dobričić Vladimir D. , Vučen Sonja R. , Čalija Bojan R. , Lukić Milica Ž. , Ilić Tanja M. , Savić Snežana D. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Two types of biocompatible surfactants were evaluated for their capability to formulate skin-friendly/non-irritant microemulsions as vehicles for two poorly water-soluble model drugs differing in properties and concentrations: alkyl polyglucosides (decyl glucoside and caprylyl/capryl glucoside) and ethoxylated surfactants (glycereth-7-caprylate/ caprate and polysorbate 80). Phase behavior, structural inversion and microemulsion solubilization potential for sertaconazole nitrate and adapalene were found to be highly dependent on the surfactants structure and HLB value. Performed characterization (polarized light microscopy, pH, electrical conductivity, rheological, FTIR and DSC measurements) indicated a formulation containing glycereth- 7-caprylate/caprate as suitable for incorporation of both drugs, whereas alkyl polyglucoside-based systems did not exhibit satisfying solubilization capacity for sertaconazole nitrate. Further, monitored parameters were strongly affected by sertaconazole nitrate incorporation, while they remained almost unchanged in adapalene-loaded vehicles. In addition, results of the in vivo skin performance study supported acceptable tolerability for all investigated formulations, suggesting selected microemulsions as promising carriers worth exploring further for effective skin delivery of model drugs.
Synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of thiazole derivatives obtained from 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene- 3-carbonitrile
Authors: Mohareb Rafat M. , Abdallah Amira E. M. , Ahmed Ebtsam A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractReactivity of 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3- carbonitrile towards thioglycolic acid resulted in thiazole derivative 1. The latter reacted with different chemical reagents to give thiazole, pyrano[2,3-d]thiazole and thiazolo[ 4,5-d]thiazole derivatives. Cytotoxicity effects of the newly synthesized products against six cancer cell lines, namely, human gastric cancer (NUGC), human colon cancer (DLD- 1), human liver cancer (HA22T and HEPG-2), human breast cancer (MCF) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (HONE-1) as well as against a normal fibroblast cell (WI-38) were evaluated. The study showed that the 4,5,6,7 tetrahydrobenzo[ b] thiophene derivatives 6a, 7, 8a,b, 9b and 10b,c w ere t he most active compounds. Their potencies were attributed to the presence of the electron withdrawing groups.
Study of Distortion on the Example of the Rings from Ductile Iron and Cast Steel
Authors: Łukasik K. , Nawrocki P. , Misiak J. , Myszka D. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The paper attempts to analyze distortions of cast iron and cast steel rings, after heat treatment cycles. The factors influencing distortion are: chemical composition of material, sample geometry, manufacturing process, hardenability, temperature and heat treatment method. Standard distortion tests are performed on C-ring samples. We selected a ring-model, which approximate the actual part, so that findings apply to gear rings. Because distortion depends on so many variables, this study followed strictly defined procedures. The research was started by specifying the appropriate geometry of the samples. Then, the heat treatment was conducted and samples were measured again. The obtained results allow to determine the value of the resulting distortion and their admissibility. The research will be used to evaluate the possibility of using the material to produce parts of equipment operated under extreme load conditions.
The Impact of Microwave Penetration Depth on the Process of Heating the Moulding Sand with Sodium Silicate
Authors: Nowak D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper presents the impact of microwave penetration depth on the process of heating the moulding sand with sodium silicate. For each material it is affected by: the wavelength in vacuum and the real and imaginary components of the relative complex electrical permittivity εrfor a selected measurement frequency. Since the components are not constant values and they change depending on the electrical parameters of materials and the frequency of the electromagnetic wave, it is indispensable to carry out laboratory measurements to determine them. Moreover, the electrical parameters of materials are also affected by: temperature, packing degree, humidity and conductivity. The measurements of the dielectric properties of moulding sand with sodium silicate was carried out using the perturbation method on a stand of waveguide resonance cavity. The real and imaginary components of the relative complex electrical permittivity was determined for moulding sand at various contents of sodium silicate and at various packing degrees of the samples. On the basis of the results the microwave penetration depth of moulding sand with sodium silicate was established. Relative literature contains no such data that would be essential to predicting an effective process of microwave heating of moulding sand with sodium silicate. Both the packing degree and the amount of sodium silicate in moulding sand turned out to affect the penetration depth, which directly translates into microwave power density distribution in the process of microwave heating of moulding sand with sodium silicate.
Cavitation Erosion of Nodular Cast Iron − Microstructural Effects
Authors: Orłowicz A.W. , Mróz M. , Tupaj M. , Trytek A. , Jacek M. , Radoń M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The paper deals with susceptibility of nodular cast iron with ferritic-pearlitic matrix on cavitation erosion. Cavitation tests were carried out with the use of a cavitation erosion vibratory apparatus employing a vibration exciter operated at frequency of 20 kHz. The study allowed to determine the sequence of subsequent stages in which microstructure of cast iron in superficial regions is subject to degradation. The first features to be damaged are graphite precipitates. The ferritic matrix of the alloy turned out to be definitely less resistant to cavitation erosion compared to the pearlitic matrix component.
Simulation of Stress Distribution in a Thick- Walled Bushing Produced by Die-Casting
Authors: Pisarek B.P. , Kołakowski D. , Pacyniak T. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Metallographic investigations and a computer simulation of stresses in a gravity die-casting bushing were performed. Simulation of the casting process, solidification of the thick-walled bushing and calculations of the stress was performed using MAGMA5.3 software. The size variability of phases κII affecting the formation of phase stresses σf, depending on the location of the metallographic test area, was identified. The distribution of thermal σt and shrinkage stresses σs, depending on the location of the control point SC in the bushing's volume, was estimated. Probably the nature of these stresses will change slightly even after machining. This can cause variations in operating characteristics (friction coefficient, wear). Due to the strong inhomogeneity of the stress distribution in the bushing's casting, it is necessary to perform further tests of the possibility to conduct thermal treatment guaranteeing homogenization of the internal stresses in the casting, as well as to introduce changes in the bushing' s construction and the casting technology. The paper presents the continuation of the results of research aimed at identifying the causes of defects in the thick-walled bushing, die-casting made of CuAl10Fe5Ni5Cr aluminium bronze.
Iterated Local Search for Foundry Lotsizing and Scheduling Problem with Setup Costs
Authors: Stawowy A. , Duda J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The paper presents a novel Iterated Local Search (ILS) algorithm to solve multi-item multi-family capacitated lot-sizing problem with setup costs independent of the family sequence. The model has a direct application to real production planning in foundry industry, where the goal is to create the batches of manufactured castings and the sequence of the melted metal loads to prevent delays in delivery of goods to clients. We extended existing models by introducing minimal utilization of furnace capacity during preparing melted alloy. We developed simple and fast ILS algorithm with problem-specific operators that are responsible for the local search procedure. The computational experiments on ten instances of the problem showed that the presence of minimum furnace utilization constraint has great impact on economic and technological conditions of castings production. For all test instances the proposed heuristic is able to provide the results that are comparable to state-of-the art commercial solver.
Observation of Hot Tearing in Sr-B Modified A356 Alloy
Authors: Uludağ M. , Çetin R. , Dışpınar D. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this work, T-shaped mould design was used to generate hot spot and the effect of Sr and B on the hot tearing susceptibility of A356 was investigated. The die temperature was kept at 250°C and the pouring was carried out at 740°C. The amonut of Sr and B additions were 30 and 10 ppm, respectively. One of the most important defects that may exist in cast aluminium is the presence of bifilms. Bifilms can form by the surface turbulence of liquid metal. During such an action, two unbonded surfaces of oxides fold over each other which act as a crack. Therefore, this defect cause many problems in the cast part. In this work, it was found that bifilms have significant effect over the hot tearing of A356 alloy. When the alloy solidifies directionally, the structure consists of elongated dendritic structure. In the absence of equiaxed dendrites, the growing tips of the dendrites pushed the bifilms to open up and unravel. Thus, leading to enlarged surface of oxide to become more harmful. In this case, it was found that these bifilms initiate hot tearing.
Selected Tribological Properties of A390.0 Alloy
Authors: Wieszała R. , Piątkowski J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEmergence of new designs for internal combustion engines resulted in a necessity to search for new materials which will rise to excessive technological requirements under operating conditions of modern internal combustion engines of up to 150 kW. Focusing only on material properties, theoretically existing alloys should meet presents requirements. More importantly, existing materials are well fitted to the entire crank-piston system. Thus, there is a need for a more thorough examination of these materials. The paper presents studies on determination of coefficient of friction μ and wear for the A390.0 alloy modified with AlTi5B master alloy combined with EN GJL-350 cast iron. The characteristics of a T-11 tribological tester (pin on disc) used for the tests, as well as the methodology of the tribological tests, were described. Also, the analysis of the surface distribution of elements for the pin and the disc was presented. The studies were realized in order to find whether the analyzed alloy meets the excessive requirements for the materials intended for pistons of modern internal combustion engines. The results show that the A390.0 alloy can only be applied to a load of 1.4 MPa. Above this value was observed destructive wear, which results in the inability to use it in modern internal combustion engines.
Selected Technological Properties of Liquid Ceramic Slurries Used to Produce Moulds in the Replicast cs Technology
Authors: Kaczorowski R. , Just P. , Pacyniak T. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The study discusses the issues connected with the production of thin-walled ceramic slurry in the replicast cs technology. In the ceramic mould production process, a special role is played by the liquid ceramic slurry used to produce the first layer of the mould. The study examines selected technological properties of liquid ceramic slurries used to produce moulds in the replicas cs technology. The ceramic slurries for the tests were prepared based on the binders Ludox Px30 and Sizol 030, enriched with Refracourse flour. The wettability of the pattern's surface by the liquid ceramic slurry and the dependence of the apparent viscosity on the ceramic flour content in the mixture were determined. The wettability of the pattern surface by the liquid ceramic slurry was determined based on the measurement of the wetting angle. The angle was determined by means of an analysis of the computer image obtained with the use of a CDC camera.
Hepatotoxicity associated with statins
Authors: Karahalil Bensu , Hare Emine , Koç Göksel , Uslu İrem , Şentürk Kerem , Özkan Yağmur 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTreatment with statins is known all over the world. They are generally considered safe at therapeutic doses. Nevertheless, clinical trials are not enough to assess their scarce adverse effects such as idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (DILI). Due to some conditions, such as concomitant usage (drug-drug interaction using an identical metabolising enzyme) and genetic polymorphisms, there is an increasing concern about their safety. Hepatotoxicity and rhabdomyolysis have begun to appear in published studies. Most of investigations have focused on both these adverse effects and mechanisms of drug induced toxicity. The present review has attempted to compile almost all of the existing studies on the hepatotoxicity of statins but not rhabdomyolysis. The aim of our study is to provide an overview of the studies on the statin-associated hepatotoxicity and to discuss the published studies. The researchers are of the opinion that the research on this topic is incomplete but extremely necessary.
Forgotten public health impacts of cancer – an overview
Authors: Viegas Susana , Ladeira Carina , Costa-Veiga Ana , Perelman Julian , Gajski Goran 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Cancer is one of the diseases of greatest concern in developed countries and much effort has been invested in discovering and developing therapeutics for curing cancer. Despite the improvements in antineoplastic therapeutics in the last decades, cancer is still one of the most harmful diseases worldwide. The global burden of cancer also implies financial costs: these can be direct costs, such as those related to treatment, care, and rehabilitation and indirect, which include the loss of economic output due to missed work (morbidity costs) and premature death (mortality costs). There are also hidden costs such as health insurance premiums and nonmedical expenses that are worth noting. This paper intends to present an overview of the generally forgotten impacts that the increasing number of cancer cases can have on the environment, workers who handle antineoplastic drugs, and health services. The knowledge available of each of the impacts will be addressed and discussed regarding the expected development. Overall, lessons learnt reflect on the impact of cancer through aspects not commonly evidenced in the literature or even considered in socio-economic analysis, in part due to the fact that these are difficult to contemplate in direct and indirect cancer costs already defined. Attention may be drawn to the need of continuous investment in prevention to reduce the negative impact on the environment, and in the health of workers who handle antineoplastic drugs for patients’ treatment.
A survey on Inverse mean curvature flow in ROSSes
Authors: Pipoli Giuseppe 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this survey we discuss the evolution by inverse mean curvature flow of star-shaped mean convex hypersurfaces in non-compact rank one symmetric spaces. We show similarities and differences between the case considered, with particular attention to how the geometry of the ambient manifolds influences the behaviour of the evolution. Moreover we try, when possible, to give an unified approach to the results present in literature.
Solving Rectangular Fuzzy Games through
Authors: Chaudhuri Arindam 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Fuzzy set theory has been applied in many fields such as operations research, control theory and decision sciences. In particular, an application of this theory in decision making problems has a remarkable significance. In this paper, we consider a solution of rectangular fuzzy game with pay-off as imprecise numbers instead of crisp numbers viz., interval and LR-type trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. The solution of such fuzzy games with pure strategies by minimax-maximin principle is discussed. The algebraic method to solve 2 × 2 fuzzy games without saddle point by using mixed strategies is also illustrated. Here m × n payoff matrix is reduced to 2 × 2 pay-off matrix by dominance method. This fact is illustrated by means of numerical example.
Machine Learning in Nutritional Follow-up Research
Authors: Reis Rita , Peixoto Hugo , Machado José , Abelha António 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Healthcare is one of the world’s fastest growing industries, having large volumes of data collected on a daily basis. It is generally perceived as being ‘information rich’ yet ‘knowledge poor’. Hidden relationships and valuable knowledge can be discovered in the collected data from the application of data mining techniques. These techniques are being increasingly implemented in healthcare organizations in order to respond to the needs of doctors in their daily decision-making activities. To help the decision-makers to take the best decision it is fundamental to develop a solution able to predict events before their occurrence. The aim of this project was to predict if a patient would need to be followed by a nutrition specialist, by combining a nutritional dataset with data mining classification techniques, using WEKA machine learning tools. The achieved results showed to be very promising, presenting accuracy around 91%, specificity around 97% and precision about 95%.
A Late Victorian Family Life: The Typically Untypical World of The Collingwoods of Lanehead
Authors: Connelly James 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This paper examines the Collingwood family of Lanehead, Coniston, in the UK’s Lake District. It shows that the family itself was a unity which allowed for the emergence of brilliance on the part of at least one of its members, R. G. Collingwood. It argues that his emergence was the outcome both of his education and of the family habits inculcated into him by his parents and shared with his siblings from an early age and operative throughout their lives. In particular, this included the sharing of detailed and minutely descriptive family letters written as, and designed to be read as, shared narratives. It makes the claim that the family was in many ways a bohemian family, but in its own particular way-its bohemianism being offset by a sturdy work ethic and middle-class sensibility.
Aβ42 oligomers impair the bioenergetic activity in hippocampal synaptosomes derived from APP-KO mice
Authors: Beckert Benedikt , Acker-Palmer Amparo , Volknandt Walter 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Employing hippocampal synaptosomes from amyloid precursor protein (APP)-deleted mice we analyzed the immediate effects of amyloid beta peptide 42 (Aβ42) peptide in its oligomeric or fibrillar assembly or of soluble amyloid precursor protein alpha (sAPPα) protein on their bioenergetic activity. Upon administration of oligomeric Aβ42 peptide for 30 min we observed a robust decrease both in mitochondrial activity and in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In contrast the respective fibrillary or scrambled peptides showed no effect, indicating that inhibition strictly depends on the oligomerization status of the peptide. Hippocampal synaptosomes from old APP-KO mice revealed a further reduction of their already impaired bioenergetic activity upon incubation with 10 μm Aβ42 peptide. In addition we evaluated the influence of the sAPPα protein on mitochondrial activity of hippocampal synaptosomes derived from young or old APP-KO animals. In neither case 20 nm nor 200 nm sAPPα protein had an effect on mitochondrial metabolic activity. Our findings demonstrate that hippocampal synaptosomes derived from APP-KO mice are a most suitable model system to evaluate the impact of Aβ42 peptide on its bioenergetic activity and to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the impairments by oligomeric Aβ42 on mitochondrial function. Our data demonstrate that extracellular Aβ42 peptide is taken up into synaptosomes where it immediately attenuates mitochondrial activity.
“English as corporate language” in the multilingual reality of multinational companies
Authors: Kankaanranta Anne , Karhunen Päivi , Louhiala-Salminen Leena 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis conceptual paper advances the notion of “English as corporate language” in the multilingual reality of multinational companies (MNC) with novel insights from the English as lingua franca (ELF) paradigm of sociolinguistics. Inspired by Goffman, Erving. 1959.The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Doubleday. dramaturgical metaphor of social life, we develop the notion of English as corporate language by making a distinction between the frontstage official language used in corporate communication and backstage working language used in interactions among MNC employees. We argue that the former approaches the notion of English as a native language and the latter represents ELF in the business domain (BELF); they are different in terms of understanding language competence, multilingualism and role of language in building legitimacy. Our conclusions imply first, that the frontstage English may not always be accessible to the backstage BELF users, due to which employees may feel disadvantaged or disempowered. Second, the use of formal language testing in recruitment and performance appraisal may transform into a gate-keeping mechanism that leads to power inequalities. In our recommendations, we call for an emancipatory language policy accepting different standards of English for different positions and adopting ideas of the Plain Language initiative to better reach all MNC employees.