bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid intrusion detection models based on GWO optimized deep learning
Authors: Elsaid Shaimaa Ahmed , Shehab Esraa , Mattar Ahmed M. , Azar Ahmad Taher , Hameed Ibrahim A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the rapidly evolving landscape of network communication systems, the need for robust security measures has become paramount due to increased vulnerability to cyber threats. Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) face challenges in efficiently handling redundant features, leading to increased computational complexity. This research addresses these challenges by proposing two optimized IDSs leveraging Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) combined with deep learning (DL) models. The first system integrates Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) with GWO (GRU-GWO), while the second utilizes Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) with GWO (LSTM-GWO). These systems aim to enhance feature selection, reducing dimensionality and improving detection accuracy. The NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 datasets, representative of contemporary network environments, were employed to evaluate the proposed systems. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in intrusion detection accuracy and computational efficiency, underscoring the efficacy of the DL-GWO approach in enhancing network security. The first approach (GRU-GWO-FS) increased accuracy to 90% and 79% for anomaly and signature-based detection on the UNSW-NB15 dataset, compared to 80% and 77% with all features. The second approach (LSTM-GWO-FS) achieved 93% and 79%, compared to 82% and 77%. On the NSL-KDD dataset, GRU-GWO-FS improved accuracy to 94% and 92%, and LSTM-GWO-FS to 94% and 92% for anomaly and signature-based detection, respectively.
Tidal levels significantly change bacterial community composition in a tropical estuary during the dry season
Authors: Aguilar Pablo , Piyapong Chantima , Chamroensaksri Nitcha , Jintasaeranee Pachoenchoke , Sommaruga Ruben 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Estuaries are usually characterized by strong spatial and temporal variability in water physicochemical conditions and are often largely affected by human activities. One important source of variability is caused by tides that can swiftly alter not only physicochemical conditions but also the abundance and composition of the biota. The effect of the diurnal tidal cycle on microbial community composition during different seasons remains uncertain, although this knowledge underlies having effective monitoring programs for water quality and potential identification of health risk conditions. In this study, we assessed the bacterioplankton community composition and diversity across four tidal water levels in a tropical estuary characterized by a mixed semidiurnal tide regime (i.e., two high and two low tides of varying amplitudes) during both dry and wet seasons. The bacterial community composition varied significantly among the four tidal levels, but only during the dry season, when the influence of the seawater intrusion was largest. Bacterial indicators’ taxa identified using the Indicator Value Index were found within Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria. The indicator taxon Cyanobium sp. had a prominent presence across multiple tidal levels. The main predicted phenotypes of the bacterial communities were associated with potential pathogenicity, gram-negative, and biofilm formation traits. While there were no marked predicted phenotypic differences between seasons, pathogenic and gram-negative traits were more prevalent in the dry season, while biofilm formation traits dominated in the wet season. Overall, our findings underscore the intricate relationship between river hydrodynamics and bacterial composition variability and hint a significant human impact on the water quality of the Bangpakong River.
An asymptomatic geminivirus activates autophagy and enhances plant defenses against diverse pathogens
Authors: Wang Li , Yu Zijie , Jiang Mengge , Tian Mengyuan , Zhou Hongsheng , Zhao Wanying , Andika Ida Bagus , Shang Qiaoxia , Sun Liying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPlant viral diseases cause great losses in agricultural production. Virus cross-protection is a strategy in which a mild virus is employed to shield plants against subsequent infections by severe viral strains. However, this approach is restricted to protection against the same viruses. In this study, we observed that pre-inoculation with apple geminivirus (AGV) reduced the accumulation of secondarily infected heterologous viruses, such as cucumber mosaic virus, potato virus X, and tobacco mosaic virus in Nicotiana benthamiana, tomato, and pepper plants. Transcriptional expression analysis showed that autophagy-related genes were transcriptionally up-regulated upon AGV inoculation at an early stage of infection. Accordingly, autophagic activity was observed to be elevated following AGV infection. Interestingly, AGV accumulation was reduced in autophagy-deficient plants, suggesting that autophagy activation promotes AGV infection in the plant. Moreover, pre-inoculation with AGV provided cross-protection against infection with a phytopathogenic bacterium (Pseudomonas syringae) and fungus (Botrytis cinerea) in Nicotiana species. In summary, our study showed that AGV, an asymptomatic virus, could protect plants against severe viral, fungal, and bacterial diseases to some extent through the activation of autophagy pathways, highlighting its potential as a biocontrol agent for managing a wide range of plant crop diseases in the field.
The Versatility of the Taguchi Method: Optimizing Experiments Across Diverse Disciplines
Authors: Hisam Mohammed Wamique , Dar Amir Ahmad , Elrasheed Mohammed Osman , Khan Mohammad Shahfaraz , Gera Rajat , Azad Imran 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Taguchi method, a robust experimental design technique, establishes a strong connection between input and output variables. Known for its capacity to yield precise results with fewer trials and minimized errors, this method has gained widespread application in various fields such as engineering, physics, chemistry, economics, finance, and more. In this paper, the authors examine the importance of the Taguchi orthogonal array method, its step-by-step optimization procedure, and its potential for future applications. Through a thorough literature review, the authors investigate how the Taguchi method has been effectively employed to identify key factors influencing response variables. The versatility of the Taguchi method becomes apparent when considering its applications across diverse disciplines. Researchers in engineering have successfully utilized this technique to optimize processes and enhance product quality. Furthermore, in scientific fields like physics and chemistry, the Taguchi method has proven invaluable for conducting experiments efficiently, resulting in more accurate and reproducible outcomes. Researchers gain critical insights into the effects of factors on the response variable by employing statistical tools such as mean analysis, variance analysis, and signal-to-noise ratio. The Taguchi method remains a valuable and broadly applicable tool for optimizing experiments and identifying influential factors across multiple disciplines. This paper’s extensive literature review emphasizes its significance in various fields and outlines the step-by-step procedure to leverage its potential for optimization.
Flood vulnerability map of the Bagmati River basin, Nepal: a comparative approach of the analytical hierarchy process and frequency ratio model
Authors: Malla Sushmita , Ohgushi Koichiro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and frequency ratio model (FR), along with the integration of GIS, have proven to be successful approaches for assessing flood-prone areas. However, in Nepal flood vulnerability mapping based on GIS decision analysis is limited. Thus, this study focused on comparing the data-driven FR method and expert knowledge-based AHP technique in a GIS environment to prepare a flood vulnerability map for the Bagmati River basin, helping to explore the gap in flood vulnerability mapping methodologies and approaches. By combining all class-weighted contributing factors, like elevation, precipitation, flow accumulation, drainage density, soil, distance from the river, land use land cover, normalized difference vegetative index, slope and topographic wetness index, the study evaluated the efficiency of FR and AHP in assessing flood vulnerability maps. An inventory map of floods containing 107 flood points was created. Subsequently, the flood vulnerability maps generated using FR and AHP models revealed that 9.30% and 11.36% of regions were in highly vulnerable areas, respectively. Receiver operating characteristics validated the model outcomes, indicating that the FR model’s accuracy of 91% outperformed the AHP model’s 84% accuracy. The study findings will assist decision-makers in enacting sustainable management techniques to reduce future damage in the Bagmati basin.
Lanthanide detection by novel arylether based receptor with imine functional groups: synthetic, photophysical, electrochemical and computational elucidation
Authors: Sharma Rashmi , Mittal Susheel K. , Chhibber Manmohan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present research discloses a novel chemical sensor (TEI) [1-((E)-(2-(3-(2-((E)-(2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-yl)methyleneamino)phenoxy)phenoxy)phenylimino)methyl)naphthalene-2-ol] for the detection of rare earth element cerium (III) in which spectrophotometric and voltametric sensor techniques were used with a versatile combination of ether and imine group. Various lanthanide ions were checked for the binding in a solution of TEI under identical conditions, including Ce(III), Dy(III), Ho(III), La(III), Sm(III), Eu(III), Gd(III), Tb(III), Er(III), Yb(III), Tm(III), Pr(III) and Nd(III). As observed in absorption studies, the enhancement of spectral intensity at 310 nm caused by Ce(III) was expected over other lanthanide ions. Cyclic and differential pulse voltammograms were also drawn for TEI receptor with and without Ce3+ ions With incremental addition of Ce3+ ions the anodic peak at 0.68 V oxygen gets completely diminished. Another anodic peak at 0.75 V which was due to complete oxidation of ether group and re-oxidation of reduced imine group, got reduced. In case of cathodic peak (due to reduction of imine group) at 0.6 V, there was hardly any decrease in current. This leads to the confirmation that there was no involvement of imine group in binding in the complex. Detection limit obtained by this sensor is 5 × 10–7 M without any interference which makes it a potent sensor for cerium detection.
MISSMARPLE: MIlan Small-SaMple Automated Radiocarbon Preparation LinE for atmospheric aerosol
Authors: Crova F , Salteri F , Barone S , Calzolai G , Forello A , Fedi M , Liccioli L , Valli G , Vecchi R , Bernardoni V 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRadiocarbon measurements on the carbonaceous aerosol fractions are an effective tool for aerosol source apportionment. For these measurements, a new sample preparation line (MISSMARPLE: MIlan Small-SaMple Automated Radiocarbon Preparation LinE for atmospheric aerosol) was built in Milan (Italy). MISSMARPLE can separate different carbon fractions (i.e. total carbon (TC), elemental carbon (EC)), automates the sample combustion processes and the CO2 isolation in the “combustion line”, and was designed to handle small samples, of about 50 μg carbon. The CO2 obtained in the combustion line is then reduced to graphite in the graphitization line for subsequent accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) analysis at the INFN-LABEC in Sesto Fiorentino (Italy). MISSMARPLE was tested for reproducibility of 14C/12C ratio in primary standard samples, for background contamination by the analysis of blank samples (graphite with zero percent Modern Carbon (pMC)), and for accuracy by the analysis of IAEA-C7 for pMC(TC) and NIST RM8785 for pMC(EC) used as secondary standards. Measurements were carried out in different AMS runs. Reproducibility of 14C/12C was within 1.2%; blank values were down to 2.2 ± 0.2 pMC in the latest AMS run, and both IAEA-C7 and NIST RM8785 measurements were within 1σ with the reference value (but for one IAEA-C7 sample within 2.3σ). These results point to MISSMARPLE as a new, valuable tool for aerosol sample preparation for radiocarbon measurements to be exploited not only on traditional 24-h samples but also when small carbon quantities are available (e.g. collected at remote sites or with high temporal resolution).
Aortic valve function and aortic dimensions in obese and overweight patients with bicuspid aortic valve
Authors: Reittinger Andrew M. , Dean Peter N. , McCulloch Michael A. , Vergales Jeffrey 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroduction:Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common CHD and commonly associated with activity restrictions that may lead to a sedentary lifestyle known to increase obesity risk. It is unknown whether obesity is associated with changes in aortic dimensions or aortic valve function in young people with bicuspid aortic valve. This study investigates whether overweight and obese children with bicuspid aortic valve have worse aortic valve function or increased aortic dimensions compared to healthy weight children with bicuspid aortic valve.Methods:This was a single centre retrospective cohort study comprised of patients 5 to 25 years old with a diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve between 1 January, 2019 and 31 December, 2020. Patients were classified as healthy weight or overweight/obese. Values for aortic dimensions as well as peak and mean aortic valve gradients were obtained from echocardiogram reports.Results:About 251 patients were analysed. Demographics were similar between groups. When indexed to height, the aortic valve annulus (1.28 ± 0.14 vs. 1.34 ± 0.15, p = 0.001) and sinotubular junctions (1.44 ± 0.21 vs. 1.49 ± 0.24, p = 0.038) were larger in the overweight/obese group, with no differences in aortic root or ascending aorta sizes. The obese/overweight group had a higher peak aortic valve gradient (23.03 ± 1.64 mmHg vs. 16.17 ± 1.55 mmHg, p = 0.003) compared to the healthy weight group.Conclusion:Healthy weight patients did not have larger aortic dimensions compared to the overweight/obese patients. There was evidence of worsening aortic valve stenosis in overweight/obese patients compared to those at a healthy weight.
Novel linkage of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons database and hospital electronic health records
Authors: Atkins Christopher A. , Nellis Joseph R. , Vekstein Andrew M. , D’Ottavio Alfred , DeLaRosa Jesse M. , Chiswell Karen , Turek Joseph W. , Beckerman Ziv , Raskind Hood Cheryl , Book Wendy M. , Hoffman Timothy M. , Hartman Robert J. , Walsh Michael , Li Jennifer S. , Welke Karl F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground:Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database is the largest congenital heart surgery database worldwide but does not provide information beyond primary episode of care. Linkage to hospital electronic health records would capture complications and comorbidities along with long-term outcomes for patients with CHD surgeries. The current study explores linkage success between Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database and electronic health record data in North Carolina and Georgia.Methods:The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database was linked to hospital electronic health records from four North Carolina congenital heart surgery using indirect identifiers like date of birth, sex, admission, and discharge dates, from 2008 to 2013. Indirect linkage was performed at the admissions level and compared to two other linkages using a “direct identifier,” medical record number: (1) linkage between Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database and electronic health records from a subset of patients from one North Carolina institution and (2) linkage between Society of Thoracic Surgeons data from two Georgia facilities and Georgia’s CHD repository, which also uses direct identifiers for linkage.Results:Indirect identifiers successfully linked 79% (3692/4685) of Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database admissions across four North Carolina hospitals. Direct linkage techniques successfully matched Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database to 90.2% of electronic health records from the North Carolina subsample. Linkage between Society of Thoracic Surgeons and Georgia’s CHD repository was 99.5% (7,544/7,585).Conclusions:Linkage methodology was successfully demonstrated between surgical data and hospital-based electronic health records in North Carolina and Georgia, uniting granular procedural details with clinical, developmental, and economic data. Indirect identifiers linked most patients, consistent with similar linkages in adult populations. Future directions include applying these linkage techniques with other data sources and exploring long-term outcomes in linked populations.
Experimental and theoretical studies of the interactions of alanine onto surfaces of olivine and montmorillonite: relevance in astrobiology
Authors: Colín-García María , Lerin-Morales Karen Melissa , Sainz-Díaz C. Ignacio , Soriano-Correa Catalina , Martínez-Pabello Pável U. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Amino acids have been detected in some meteorites and are readily synthesized in prebiotic experiments. These molecules may have been precursors of oligomers and polymers in the early Earth. These reactions were likely to happen in the protected confined spaces on the porous surface of olivine and in the interlayer nanospace of montmorillonite. This study describes experimental and theoretical research on the sorption of l-alanine onto surfaces of silicate minerals, olivine and montmorillonite. Kinetics of the sorption of this amino acid at different pH media was performed. This sorption has been also studied at atomic scale by means of quantum mechanical calculations finding that this sorption is energetically favourable. These results strongly support the premise that minerals could have actively participated in prebiotic reactions.
Improvement of Source Spectrum Fall‐Off for Simulating Ground Motion Using Stochastic Green’s Function Method
Authors: Xie Xu , Hao Xu , Ji Longfei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe stochastic Green's function method (SGFM), which simulates the source spectra of small earthquakes based on the ω−2 model and follows the scaling law of earthquakes to synthesize into a large earthquake, is a practical ground motion simulation method in areas lacking suitable small earthquake records. However, one of the problems in the application of the SGFM is that the source spectrum synthesized from small earthquakes shows a fall‐off in the mid‐frequency band, as the number of fault divisions of the large earthquake increases. To solve this problem, this study proposes an improved method, which introduces a correction coefficient for the source spectrum according to the ω−2 model and considers the variation of subfault rise time with the rupture process. Taking the 1994 Northridge earthquake as an example, the ground motion simulation results of the improved method are compared with observed records. The results show that only introducing the correction coefficient causes larger amplitude of simulation results than observed records. Only considering the variation of subfault rise time can improve the fall‐off problem to some extent, but the accuracy of ground motion simulation at observation points has no significant improvement. By simultaneously introducing the correction coefficient and considering the variation of subfault rise time, the simulation results are in good agreement with observed records and are able to reproduce the directivity effect at the forward observation points. Therefore, the improved SGFM proposed in this study is an effective and reliable tool for ground motion simulation.
Unraveling the Distribution of Black Carbon in Chinese Forest Soils Using Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Zhao Chen , Tian Zhouyang , Zhang Qiang , Wang Yinghui , Zhang Peng , Sun Guodong , Yang Yuanxi , He Ding , Tu Shuxin , Wang Junjian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBlack carbon (BC) is a highly persistent yet poorly understood component of forest soil carbon reservoirs, while its inventory, distribution, and determining factors in forest soils on a large geographic scale remain unclear. Here, we characterized soil BC across 68 Chinese forest sites using benzene polycarboxylic acid method and developed machine learning (ML) models to predict and interpret potential impacts of soil organic matter (SOM) properties, soil physiochemical properties, meteorological conditions, wildfire history, and microbial diversity on BC. Results revealed that SOM properties were the most critical in predicting BC, complemented by the negative impact of mean annual temperature and alkaline mineral composition. The superior prediction accuracy for BC with higher condensed aromaticity (more benzene hexa‐ and penta‐carboxylic acid monomers) likely results from its simpler sources and greater resistance to transformation. This study introduces an effective ML model for predicting and interpreting soil BC inventory to better understand BC cycling.
Magnetite Survivability and Non‐Stoichiometric Magnetite Formation in Presence of Oxyhalogen Brines on Mars
Authors: Mitra Kaushik , Bahl Yatharth , Ledingham Greg J. , Hernandez‐Robles Andrei , Stevanovic Ana , Westover Gavin , Hurowitz Joel A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe mixed Fe(II)/Fe(III) mineral magnetite [Fe3O4] of various stoichiometric and non‐stoichiometric compositions have been reported in Martian soils and rocks by several rover missions. Magnetite is an important paleomagnetic indicator mineral and can serve as a ‘biogeobattery’ as a consequence of its magnetic properties and the mixed valence state of iron in its structure. Here, we assess the extent of oxidative weathering of magnetite in presence of chlorate and bromate containing solutions that are likely important oxidants on Mars. Oxyhalogen species, chlorate and bromate, produced non‐stoichiometric magnetite [Fe(II)/Fe(III) < 0.5] in Mars‐relevant, near‐neutral pH fluids; no other ferric minerals were produced. The same results were observed in highly acidic fluids with or without oxyhalogens. Owing to its resistance to extensive oxidation, magnetite can serve as an important archive of geochemical, paleomagnetic, and astrobiological information in samples that will be returned by the Mars Sample Return mission.