bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charles I et la voix silencieuse de Eikon Basilike : le silence comme moyen d'expression
Authors: Chaise-Brun Vanessa 
Published: January 2017

La parole de Charles I, de son vivant, reste, malgré ses efforts, une parole vide et non entendue. Le bruit, qu’il s’agisse des cris de la foule ou bien les querelles engendrées par ses opposants, étouffe sa parole. Son discours est un cri face à la foule et à ses opposants, mais un cri impuissant. Pourtant, peut-on affirmer que la parole de Charles I est inexistante ? Eikon Basilike est une parole écrite, un silence qui crie l’innocence du roi. « Faire silence » ne signifie pas se taire mais trouver un autre moyen d’expression face au chaos et au bruit. Cela est paradoxalement, pour ce monarque, le meilleur moyen de se faire entendre, et de faire taire les « voix mensongères ». C’est dans ce silence expressif, au-delà de la mort– Eikon Basilike – que Charles Ier semble trouver sa voix.
Silent Meeting, A Wonder to the World : Les premiers quakers et le bruit du monde
Authors: Selzner Cyril 
Published: January 2017

Le quakerisme a développé une relation au silence qui était exceptionnelle dans le contexte du protestantisme anglais du xviie siècle – y compris chez les protestants radicaux. Les quakers ont très tôt adopté un recueillement collectif et méditatif connu sous le nom de « réunion silencieuse », qui s’écartait résolument des formes traditionnelles de la liturgie, mais aussi de la culture biblique réformée. Aussitôt accusés de ressusciter l’esprit monastique « en faisant reposer une si grande part de leur religion sur le silence », mais aussi de nourrir le fanatisme ou la léthargie spirituelle, et surtout de promouvoir une forme de religion trop éloignée de la tradition chrétienne, les quakers comme William Britten dans Silent Meeting, A Wonder to the World (1660) ont été contraints de défendre la pertinence théologique et la valeur spirituelle du silence, tentant aussi de communiquer aux Amis autant qu’à leurs adversaires la puissance régénératrice dont ils faisaient l’expérience au cours de leurs assemblées silencieuses.
The Potential Value of Evaluation as Budgeting Tool for South African Municipalities
Authors: Mofolo Malefetsane A. 
Published: January 2017

The paradox around performance in the South African municipalities is undoubtedly exposed by the released reports of the Auditor-General for 2012/13 and Statistics South Africa’s Non-Financial Census of Municipalities, 2013. On the analyses of these reports, it became clear that municipalities could achieve more if stringent measures could be put in place and implemented to ensure that resources are used efficiently and effectively. To that effect, this article argues that monitoring and evaluation (M&amp;E) policy framework should be fully implemented in South African municipalities. This argument emanates from the fact that exorbitant amounts are incurred on fruitless and wasteful expenditure in municipalities. This article then presents a compelling case through which maximisation of expenditure prioritisation in municipalities is warranted. To investigate the concept of expenditure prioritisation, as a principle that municipalities should espouse, the study embarks on literature review as a method deemed suitable to explore the value of evaluation as budgeting tool for South African municipalities. The findings to this investigation, recommended that on-going or process evaluation should be more useful to inform budget decision makers in the provincial and national governments about the required capacity interventions, which could assist to deal with financial weaknesses in municipalities.
Financing Development Through Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Botswana
Authors: Botlhale E. K. 
Published: January 2017

Largely due to chronic fiscal stress since the recent global economic crisis, there are calls for alternative ways of financing economic development. Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) have been identified as such alternatives. There is an increasing awareness that the private sector is not a competitor but a strategic partner in the drive for economic development. Therefore, governments are leveraging on the benefits of PPPs. Using the case study of Botswana, which is experiencing revenue challenges as diamonds have not been selling well since 2008, this theoretical paper explores the possibility of using more PPPs to finance economic development. Grounded in interpretivist research methodology, using the survey research strategy and using secondary data sources in the form of a desk survey, it concluded that there is a case for the increased use PPPs to finance economic development. It further concluded that while there is demonstrated appetite for PPPs, to date, only a few projects have been procured through PPPs. Hence, moving forward, and given the deteriorating revenue situation, there is a need to use more PPPs to deliver economic development. Finally, the paper argues that there is a need to reform the current PPP legal-institutional architecture and bench-mark and peer-learn from best PPP practices in Africa such as South Africa and Nigeria and beyond.
Atrophic Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Ghumman Surveen 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Atrophic vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina which develops when there is a significant decrease in estrogen levels after menopause. The initial and most common symptom is often lack of lubrication during intercourse. Eventually, persistent vaginal dryness may occur leading to dyspareunia. The onset of symptoms may not be immediate and may occur 3 to 4 years after menopause. Nonhormonal treatment includes vaginal moisturizers for atrophy symptoms, lubricants for dyspareunia, hyaluronic acid vaginal tablets and phtoestrogens. Estrogens are known to increase vascularity, secretions and thickness of vagina and decrease vaginal pH. They can be given both systemically or vaginally. Local therapy has been found to be more efficacious than systemic therapy and has the advantage of not having systemic adverse effects. They can be given as pessaries, creams or rings. Delivery system used should be convenient to patient so that therapy is consistent, as that is critical for effect. Improvement in vaginal atrophy symptoms starts within a few weeks of starting vaginal estrogen but, some may need to use it for 4 to 6 weeks before adequate improvement is observed. Selective estrogen receptor modulator bazedoxifene may be combined with estrogens. Postmenopausal vaginal atrophy is a common cause of easily treatable distressing symptoms which severely affect quality of life.

How to cite this article
Ghumman S. Atrophic Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2013;1(1):4-12.
The dynamical impact of Rossby wave breaking upon UK PM10 concentration
Authors: Webber Christopher P. , Dacre Helen F. , Collins William J. , Masato Giacomo 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Coarse particulate matter (PM10) has long been understood to be hazardous to human health, with mortality rates increasing as a result of raised ground level concentrations. We explore the influence of synoptic-scale meteorology on daily mean observed PM10 concentration ([PM10]) using Rossby wave breaking (RWB). Meteorological reanalysis data for the winter months (DJF) between January 1999 and December 2008 and observed PM10 data for three urban background UK (Midland) sites were analysed. Three RWB diagnostics were used to identify RWB that had significant influence on UK Midland PM10. RWB events were classified according to whether the RWB was cyclonic or anticyclonic in its direction of breaking and whether the RWB event was influenced more by poleward or equatorial air masses. We find that there is a strong link between RWB events and UK [PM10]. Significant increases (p  <  0.01) in UK [PM10] were seen 1 day following RWB occurring in spatially constrained northeast Atlantic–European regions. Analysis into episodic PM10 exceedance events shows increased probability of [PM10] exceedance associated with all RWB subsets. The greatest probability of exceeding the UK [PM10] threshold was associated with cyclonic RWB preceded by anticyclonic RWB forming an Ω block synoptic pattern. This mechanism suggests an easterly advection of European PM10 followed by prolonged stagnant conditions within the UK and led to an almost threefold increase in the probability of the UK Midlands exceeding a hazardous [PM10] threshold (0.383), when compared to days where no RWB was detected (0.129).
Determination of the atmospheric lifetime and global warming potential of sulfur hexafluoride using a three-dimensional model
Authors: Kovács Tamás , Feng Wuhu , Totterdill Anna , Plane John M. C. , Dhomse Sandip , Gómez-Martín Juan Carlos , Stiller Gabriele P. , Haenel Florian J. , Smith Christopher , Forster Piers M. , García Rolando R. , Marsh Daniel R. , Chipperfield Martyn P. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. We have used the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), with an updated treatment of loss processes, to determine the atmospheric lifetime of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). The model includes the following SF6 removal processes: photolysis, electron attachment and reaction with mesospheric metal atoms. The Sodankylä Ion Chemistry (SIC) model is incorporated into the standard version of WACCM to produce a new version with a detailed D region ion chemistry with cluster ions and negative ions. This is used to determine a latitude- and altitude-dependent scaling factor for the electron density in the standard WACCM in order to carry out multi-year SF6 simulations. The model gives a mean SF6 lifetime over an 11-year solar cycle (τ) of 1278 years (with a range from 1120 to 1475 years), which is much shorter than the currently widely used value of 3200 years, due to the larger contribution (97.4 %) of the modelled electron density to the total atmospheric loss. The loss of SF6 by reaction with mesospheric metal atoms (Na and K) is far too slow to affect the lifetime. We investigate how this shorter atmospheric lifetime impacts the use of SF6 to derive stratospheric age of air. The age of air derived from this shorter lifetime SF6 tracer is longer by 9 % in polar latitudes at 20 km compared to a passive SF6 tracer. We also present laboratory measurements of the infrared spectrum of SF6 and find good agreement with previous studies. We calculate the resulting radiative forcings and efficiencies to be, on average, very similar to those reported previously. Our values for the 20-, 100- and 500-year global warming potentials are 18 000, 23 800 and 31 300, respectively.
Nocturnal low-level clouds over southern West Africa analysed using high-resolution simulations
Authors: Adler Bianca , Kalthoff Norbert , Gantner Leonhard 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. We performed a high-resolution numerical simulation to study the development of extensive low-level clouds that frequently form over southern West Africa during the monsoon season. This study was made in preparation for a field campaign in 2016 within the Dynamics-aerosol-chemistry-cloud interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) project and focuses on an area around the city of Savè in southern Benin. Nocturnal low-level clouds evolve a few hundred metres above the ground around the same level as a distinct low-level jet. Several processes are found to determine the spatio-temporal evolution of these clouds including (i) significant cooling of the nocturnal atmosphere caused by horizontal advection with the south-westerly monsoon flow during the first half of the night, (ii) vertical cold air advection due to gravity waves leading to clouds in the wave crests and (iii) enhanced convergence and upward motion upstream of existing clouds that trigger new clouds. The latter is caused by an upward shift of the low-level jet in cloudy areas leading to horizontal convergence in the lower part and to horizontal divergence in the upper part of the cloud layer. Although this single case study hardly allows for a generalisation of the processes found, the results added to the optimisation of the measurements strategy for the field campaign and the observations will be used to test the hypotheses for cloud formation resulting from this study.
Different approaches to model the nearshore circulation in the south shore of O'ahu, Hawaii
Authors: Azevedo Correia de Souza Joao Marcos , Powell Brian 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The dynamical interaction between currents, bathymetry, waves, and estuarine outflow has significant impacts on the surf zone. We investigate the impacts of two strategies to include the effect of surface gravity waves on an ocean circulation model of the south shore of O'ahu, Hawaii. This area provides an ideal laboratory for the development of nearshore circulation modeling systems for reef-protected coastlines. We use two numerical models for circulation and waves: Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model, respectively. The circulation model is nested within larger-scale models that capture the tidal, regional, and wind-forced circulation of the Hawaiian archipelago. Two strategies are explored for circulation modeling: forcing by the output of the wave model and online, two-way coupling of the circulation and wave models. In addition, the circulation model alone provides the reference for the circulation without the effect of the waves. These strategies are applied to two experiments: (1) typical trade-wind conditions that are frequent during summer months, and (2) the arrival of a large winter swell that wraps around the island. The results show the importance of considering the effect of the waves on the circulation and, particularly, the circulation–wave coupled processes. Both approaches show a similar nearshore circulation pattern, with the presence of an offshore current in the middle beaches of Waikiki. Although the pattern of the offshore circulation remains the same, the coupled waves and circulation produce larger significant wave heights ( ≈  10 %) and the formation of strong alongshore and cross-shore currents ( ≈  1 m s−1).
Comparison of 4 Techniques for Limbal-Conjunctival Autograft Fixation in Primary Pterygium Surgery
Authors: Mejía Luis F. , Santamaría Juan P. , Cuevas Miguel , Córdoba Andrea , Carvajal Sergio A. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose To compare 4 limbal-conjunctival autograft fixation techniques—conventional suture, commercial fibrin glue, autologous fibrin glue, and cautery—in primary nasal pterygium surgery. Methods This is a retrospective and descriptive study. The postoperative patient discomfort, graft edema, ocular inflammation, and other complications of 4 limbal-conjunctival autograft fixation techniques in primary nasal pterygium surgery were evaluated. Results Postoperative patient discomfort was significantly lower with the sutureless techniques (p<0.001), with fixation with cautery having the lowest rate of discomfort. Graft edema and ocular inflammation during the early postoperative period were significantly higher when fibrin glue techniques were used (p<0.001). The recurrence rate did not show a statistically significant difference (p = 0.682) among the 4 groups. Conclusion In primary nasal pterygium surgery, limbal-conjunctival autograft fixation using cautery is the technique with the lowest postoperative discomfort rate and without a statistically significant increase in recurrence rate when compared to conventional suture and fibrin glue techniques.
Expression of Long Non-Coding RNA PANDAR and its Prognostic Value in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Li Xiangke , Wang Feng , Sun Yan , Fan Qingxia , Cui Guangfei 
Published: January 2017

Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key molecules in human cancer. In the present study, we explored the role of the lncRNA PANDAR in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The relative expression level of lncRNA PANDAR in CRC tissues and cell lines was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The associations between PANDAR expression and clinicopathological features of CRC patients were further analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate the value of PANDAR in the prognosis of CRC patients. Furthermore, the biological function of PANDAR on CRC cell growth, apoptosis and mobility was investigated through MTT, flow cytometry, transwell migration and invasion assays in vitro. Results The expression level of PANDAR was higher in CRC tissues and cells compared with adjacent nontumor tissues and normal colonic cell line NCM460. PANDAR expression was significantly correlated with local invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high PANDAR expression had poorer overall survival than patients with low PANDAR expression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that PANDAR might be an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients. Furthermore, PANDAR knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, cycle progression, migration and invasion of CRC in vitro. Conclusions Our results suggest that high expression of PANDAR was involved in CRC progression and could act as an independent biomarker for prognosis of CRC patients.
Livy and Augustine as Negative Models in the Legend of Lucrece
Authors: Schwebel Leah 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This article considers the Legend of Lucrece alongside the sources Chaucer engages in dialogue, rather than those he appears to translate closely. It suggests that although Chaucer relies primarily on Ovid's Fasti for the language and structure of Lucretia's story, he builds into his legend a sustained response to Livy and Augustine's writings on Lucretia as well. He does so, however, not by translating their words but rather by rejecting their interpretations of Lucretia's tragedy as negative models for his own, enlisting both authors in a discussion of feminine virtue.
Beautiful Suffering and the Culpable Narrator in Chaucer's Legend of Good Women
Authors: Dumitrescu Irina 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The narrator of the Legend of Good Women is caught in a conundrum. Accused of wronging ladies with his poetry, he is assigned a penitential task: the praise of good, faithful women. Fulfilling this, however, means hurting women more. In describing their beautiful suffering, he becomes complicit in the aestheticization of female pain and makes women into objects of violent lust. Even in praising them he lies, thus resembling the silver-tongued men who deceive their wives and lovers. The narrator's solution is to present himself as an unskilled poet, a mere copier and translator who cannot be held responsible for the beauty and lies of his verse. He makes this show of ineptitude so as to conceal his participation in a long tradition of idealizing women who suffer and die.
Elements of a clinical trial protocol for medical devices
Authors: Briggs Raymond P. , Ramer Lois 
Published: January 2017

Based on a Class 2 limited risk hospital based clinical trial, and a subsequent project retrospective, Briggs and Ramer propose an expanded clinical trial protocol. Such an expanded protocol would be especially helpful for evaluating De Novo devices: new inventions which require new processes for full hospital integration. Since these new processes would often require training of nurses and supporting professionals, Briggs and Ramer suggest that nurse investigators could be very effective in carrying out such expanded protocol studies. We briefly describe the FDA approval process, the role of the nurse in evidence based medical device evaluation, the Ramer, et al. clinical trial, the proposed expanded clinical trial protocol, and candidate categories of devices that might employ the limited risk Class 2 Medical Device clinical trial protocol. The investigators look forward to carrying out such a medical device clinical trial in the near future.
Determination of Antimony in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Beverages Using High-Resolution Continuum-Source Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Mattiazzi Patricia , Bohrer Denise , Viana Carine , do Nascimento Paulo Cícero , Veiga Marlei , de Carvalho Leandro Machado 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A sensitive and accurate method, employing high-resolutioncontinuum source atomic absorption spectrometry, for the determination of antimony (Sb) was developed. Conditions such as pyrolysis and atomization temperatures, the use of chemical modifiers, and sample pretreatment were optimized for the determination of Sb in pharmaceutical preparations and beverages stored in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers. In addition to container analysis, the influence of time of contact, temperature, and content composition on the migration of Sbwas investigated. Twenty-six samples were periodically analyzed until finalize 1 year bottling. Eight mineral water samples were analyzed after storage at temperatures from 40 to 80°C for 48 h. Five different-colored PET samples were stored at 80°C for 20 days and periodically analyzed. Bottles, containing from 46.4 mg/kg Sb (amber PET) to 91.6 mg/kgSb (colorless PET), leached Sb depending on the content ingredients, time of contact, and temperature. Although drinking water itself did not promote Sb migration at room temperature,juices and medicines did. After 1 year of storage, the Sb level in the samples ranged from 5 to 50 μg/L. The rate of leaching depended on the temperature, which was slow below 60°C, but rapidly increased at 60–80°C. The higher the Sb content in the bottle, the higher the amount of migration. Because Sb is a possible carcinogen to humans, containers for pharmaceutical use should be better controlled, and factors that increase Sb leaching in products that are widely consumed should be avoided.
Apresentação do Dossiê.
Authors: Sell Carlos Eduardo , Mariano Ricardo , Maia Eduardo Lopes Cabral 
Published: January 2017

O fenômeno religioso, suas con gurações e seu lugar social são temas abordados por uma parte considerável das teorias sociais ao longo da história. Particularmente, no que se refere às sociedades ocidentais modernas, a temática em torno da religião conduz, em boa medida, à busca pela compreensão das articulações entre a religião e as demais esferas sociais diante das modificações produzidas pela modernidade. Nesse contexto, destacam-se, como recursos analíticos, as noções de secularização e laicidade. Sem perder de vista as divergências analíticas a respeito do conceito de secularização, a perspectiva segundo a qual o processo de racionalização ocidental produziu uma emancipação das esferas sociais em relação à esfera religiosa torna o conceito uma ferramenta preciosa na análise da relação entre religião e esfera pública. Por outro lado, considerando o caráter intrincado da noção de laicidade e suas diferentes configurações nos países ocidentais, faz-se necessário problematizar as diferentes articulações entre religião, Estado e esfera pública. Com base na necessidade de compreender o lugar atual da religião e suas relações com as demais esferas sociais, temos a satisfação de apresentar este número da Século XXI: Revista de Ciências Sociais com o Dossiê: secularização e laicidade: controvérsias públicas.