bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS
Authors: Siebers Robert 
Published: July 2017

A recent article in this journal presented the knowledge and attitude towards caring for HIV/AIDS patients in Nigeria. The authors, in their discussion section, state that the majority of their respondents had a good knowledge of HIV/AIDS in contrast to the results of a South African study of nurses. In support of that statement the authors cite the study of Juan et al and hypothesise that this difference may be due to the fact that their study was done in urban areas of Nigeria while the study by Juan et al was done in a rural area of South Africa.
INCORPORAÇÃO DO LODO DE ESGOTO NA COMPOSIÇÃO DE SUBSTRATO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS NATIVAS
Authors: NOBREGA Michele Aparecida dos Santos , PONTES Montcharles Da Silva , SANTIAGO Etenaldo Felipe 
Published: July 2017

<p>A disposição final dos resíduos sólidos tem sido um agravante nas questões ambientais, pois seu despejo incorreto promove danos à saúde pública e ao meu ambiente. Baseado em suas características químicas, os biossólidos tem potencial para uso em substratos de plantas, demandando estudos de espécies que sejam tolerantes, passíveis de serem utilizadas em modelos de produção vegetal, bem como para recuperação de áreas degradadas. Neste sentido, esta revisão objetiva alertar e informar a população em geral e os profissionais da área de restauração ambiental quanto à atuação do lodo de esgoto como coajduvante na composição de substrato para produção de mudas de espécies florestais nativas. Tais informações podem contribuir para a elaboração de protocolos para a produção de substrato para mudas nativas, substrato este que seja de baixo custo de produção e que contribua para a melhoria ambiental. </p>
The electrochemical elimination of coliforms from water using BBD/Ti or graphite anodes: a comparative study
Authors: GilPavas Edison , Arbeláez Paula , Medina José David , Dobrosz-Gómez Izabela , Gómez-García Miguel Ángel 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The elimination of total and fecal coliforms, from raw surface water, was carried out by electrochemical oxidation using either boron doped diamond (BDD/Ti) or graphite (GP) anodes, in a chloride-free medium. The optimal values of the operation parameters, maximizing the coliform elimination percentage, were determined using statistical experimental design. The current density (j: 2–20 mA/cm2), the conductivity (σ: 500–900 μS/cm) and the anode materials (An) were considered as variables to perform the Box-Behnken experimental design together with the response surface methodology analysis for optimization. The statistical analysis indicated that, in the evaluated range, the disinfection efficiency increased with an increase in j and decreased with an increase in σ. The following optimal conditions for the elimination of total and fecal coliforms were found: j: 10 mA/cm2, σ: 500 μS/cm and BDD/Ti used as anode material. The BDD/Ti electrode let to achieve complete coliform elimination after ca. 20 min of reaction while the GP one needed ca. 27 min. In water treated with both BDD/Ti and GP anode, after 7 days, any coliforms growth was observed. As a result of the oxidation process, the total organic carbon and nitrite concentration decreased while nitrate concentration increased.
Climate change in Vietnam: Relations between the government and the media in the period 2000-2013
Authors: Pham Binh Duong , Nash Chris 
Published: July 2017

Vietnam is fifth in the hierarchy of countries likely to be severely impacted by climate change. Since 2007 there has been a major expansion of reporting and discussion of this issue in Vietnamese news media. This article reports on a research study of climate change coverage from 2000 to 2013 in four major news outlets: Vietnam Television (VTV), Tuoi Tre newspaper, Nhan Dan newspaper and VnExpress. It found considerable variation on the content and temporal spread of coverage, but also some interesting commonalities, in particular an unusually prominent role for NGOs as sources. There is currently a unity of purpose in the Vietnamese government’s approach to this issue at the moment. In other environmental issues, the major factor affecting government latitude for independent reporting has been the unity or conflict within government on the matter. Where there has been no conflict there has been considerable latitude for journalists to take initiatives in independent reporting, expand the field of media independence and in the process develop their own capital and professional capacities. Thus far in climate change reporting journalists have not taken advantage of this opportunity, but if the scientific predictions of catastrophic impacts are valid, the social, economic and political effects will be major, posing strong challenges to Vietnamese journalists.
Coal comfort: Pacific islands on collision course with Australia over emissions
Authors: Morgan Wesley 
Published: July 2017

Commentary: During 2017, Fiji is president of negotiations under the United Nation’s Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It is the first time the talks have been headed by a small island developing country, and Fiji’s Prime Minister Voreqe Bainimarama plans to use the 23rd Conference of Parties to highlight the impacts of climate change on island states. Even as Pacific island leaders demand greater action to reduce emissions, the Australian government is supporting new coal mines at home and a dramatic increase in coal exports. This commentary focuses on Pacific leadership in the global fight to avoid catastrophic changes to the climate system. It suggests determined diplomacy by island states may help shift international opinion in favour of urgent action to reduce emissions. However, Pacific states must first shine a spotlight on their recalcitrant neighbour, and avoid being silenced by Australian ‘climate diplomacy’.
Asian journalism education and key challenges of climate change: A preliminary study
Authors: Maslog Crispin 
Published: July 2017

Commentary: The mass media in the Asia Pacific region are reporting the environmental disasters that are regularly hitting the planet religiously, and journalists learn as they go along. However, the reporting has focused mainly on the toll in human lives and property. This is disaster reporting and it stops short of contextualising. It does not adequately explain why the environmental disasters are happening more violently and more frequently. Not too many reporters have taken formal courses in environmental journalism. Only a very few schools are offering regular courses, or programmes in science and environmental reporting, as indicated by a mini-survey in July 2016. The vacuum in formal science and environmental education is being filled by non-government organisations offering non-formal training.
REVIEW: Noted: Powerful, unadulterated insight into West Papua
Authors: Hutt Kendall Louise 
Published: July 2017

The Earth Cries Out, by Bonnie Etherington. Auckland: Vintage, 2017, 285 pages. ISBN 978-0-14-377065-7BONNIE ETHERINGTON'S debut novel, The Earth Cries Out, may be fiction, but it tells the true, powerful, story of West Papua, a nation separated from its Pacific brothers and sisters by Indonesian repression. The novel also serves as a useful background tool for journalists and provides them with an opportunity to learn of the human rights violations in West Papua.
Citizen news podcasts and engaging journalism: The formation of a counter-public sphere in South Korea
Authors: Park Chang Sup 
Published: July 2017

This study examines what roles citizen news podcasts of South Korea play, based on two unique concepts—carnivalism and engaging journalism. To this end, the current study content analysed the content of 11 citizen news podcasts that are most popular in this country and conducted interviews with 10 professional journalists. The findings reveal that through the use of comedic techniques such as humour, parody, and satire, the discourse of citizen podcasts transgresses existing social and cultural hierarchies and subverts a range of authoritative discourses by mainstream media. The analysis also finds that the discourse in citizen news podcasts takes on the nature of engaging journalism, which motivates ordinary individuals who are left largely disillusioned from mainstream journalism to engage in elite-challenging political action. Professional journalists admitted that citizen news podcasts provide an opportunity to re-evaluate the journalism norms and practices of South Korea.
A New Constraint on Reionization from the Evolution of the Lyα Luminosity Function at z ∼ 6–7 Probed by a Deep Census of z = 7.0 Lyα Emitter Candidates to 0.3L*
†
Authors: Ota Kazuaki , Iye Masanori , Kashikawa Nobunari , Konno Akira , Nakata Fumiaki , Totani Tomonori , Kobayashi Masakazu A. R. , Fudamoto Yoshinobu , Seko Akifumi , Toshikawa Jun , Ichikawa Akie , Shibuya Takatoshi , Onoue Masafusa 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We detect 20 z = 7.0 Lyα emitter (LAE) candidates to L(Lyα) ∼ 2 × 1042 erg s−1 or 0.3

L

z
=
7

*

and in a volume of 6.1 × 105 Mpc3 in the Subaru Deep Field and the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey field by 82 hr and 37 hr of Subaru Suprime-Cam narrowband NB973 and reddest optical y-band imaging. We compare their Lyα and UV luminosity functions (LFs) and densities and Lyα equivalent widths (EWs) to those of z = 5.7, 6.6, and 7.3 LAEs from previous Suprime-Cam surveys. The Lyα LF (density) rapidly declines by a factor of ×1.5 (1.9) in L(Lyα) at z = 5.7–6.6 (160 Myr), ×1.5 (1.6) at z = 6.6–7.0 (60 Myr) at the faint end, and ×2.0 (3.8) at z = 7.0–7.3 (40 Myr). Also, in addition to the systematic decrease in EW at z = 5.7–6.6 previously found, two-thirds of the z = 7.0 LAEs detected in the UV continuum exhibit lower EWs than the z = 6.6 ones. Moreover, while the UV LF and density do not evolve at z = 5.7–6.6, they modestly decline at z = 6.6–7.0, implying galaxy evolution contributing to the decline of the Lyα LF. Comparison of the z = 7.0 Lyα LF to the one predicted by an LAE evolution model further reveals that galaxy evolution alone cannot explain all of the decline of the Lyα LF. If we attribute the discrepancy to Lyα attenuation by neutral hydrogen, the intergalactic medium transmission of Lyα photons at z = 7.0 would be

T

Ly
α

IGM

≤
0.6
–
0.7

. It is lower (higher) than the

T

Ly
α

IGM

at z = 6.6 (7.3) derived by previous studies, suggesting rapid increase in neutral fraction at z > 6.
GRB 081024B and GRB 140402A: Two Additional Short GRBs from Binary Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Aimuratov Y. , Ruffini R. , Muccino M. , Bianco C. L. , Penacchioni A. V. , Pisani G. B. , Primorac D. , Rueda J. A. , Wang Y. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Theoretical and observational evidences for a two-fold classification of short bursts have been recently obtained: (1) short gamma-ray flashes (S-GRFs), with isotropic energy

E

iso

<

10

52

erg and no black hole (BH) formation, and (2) authentic short gamma-ray bursts (S-GRBs), with isotropic energy

E

iso

>

10

52

erg showing evidence of BH formation in the binary neutron star merging process. The signature for BH formation is the onset of high-energy (0.1–100 GeV) emission, coeval to the prompt emission, in all S-GRBs. No GeV emission is expected nor observed in S-GRFs. In this paper, we present two S-GRBs, GRB 081024B and GRB 140402A, in addition to the already identified S-GRBs, GRB 090227B, GRB 090510, and GRB 140619B. We also return to the absence of GeV emission in the S-GRB 090227B, at an angle of

71
°

from the Fermi-LAT boresight. All of the correctly identified S-GRBs correlate with high-energy emission, implying no significant presence of beaming in GeV emission. The existence of a common power-law behavior in the GeV luminosities, following the BH formation, when measured in the source rest frame, points to a commonality in the mass and spin of the newly formed BHs in all S-GRBs.
Statistical Distributions of Optical Flares from Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Yi Shuang-Xi , Yu Hai , Wang F. Y. , Dai Zi-Gao 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We statistically study gamma-ray burst (GRB) optical flares from the Swift/UVOT catalog. We compile 119 optical flares, including 77 flares with redshift measurements. Some tight correlations among the timescales of optical flares are found. For example, the rise time is correlated with the decay time, and the duration time is correlated with the peak time of optical flares. These two tight correlations indicate that longer rise times are associated with longer decay times of optical flares and also suggest that broader optical flares peak at later times, which are consistent with the corresponding correlations of X-ray flares. We also study the frequency distributions of optical flare parameters, including the duration time, rise time, decay time, peak time, and waiting time. Similar power-law distributions for optical and X-ray flares are found. Our statistic results imply that GRB optical flares and X-ray flares may share the similar physical origin, and both of them are possibly related to central engine activities.
Lichen Simplex Chronicus as an Essential Part of the Dermatologic Masquerade
Authors: Voicu Cristiana , Tebeica Tiberiu , Zanardelli Matteo , Mangarov Hristo , Lotti Torello , Wollina Uwe , Lotti Jacopo , França Katlein , Batashki Atanas , Tchernev Georgi 
Published: July 2017

A 48 years old female patient had been suffering from the lesions presented for four years. They have started as small, pruritic patches which had been mechanically irritated and grew up in time. The patient had no associated comorbidities or allergies, and she was not under any medication. On physical examination, she presented one erythematous, exudative plaque, with dimensions of 2.5/4 cm, located on the proximal phalanx and interphalangeal articulation of the left thumb. All histopathological features were consistent with the diagnosis of lichen simplex chronicus. Some lesions of lichen simplex chronicus exhibit signs of pseudocarcinomatous, infundibular and sometimes eccrine ductal proliferation of keratinocytes. Although the pseudoinfiltrative aspect of the epithelial proliferation and its pronounced degree might mimic a well-differentiated lesion of squamous cell carcinoma, a lack of cellular atypia and atypical mitotic figures are features that do not support this diagnosis. On the other hand, long lasting lesions of lichen simplex chronicus may lead to alterations in the processes of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation and eventually give rise to malignant transformation. The best treatment management is a psychodermatological approach, a combination of skin care with psychotherapy, in order to prevent relapses.
Pérennité et transformations de la frontière syrienne
Authors: Vignal Leïla 
Published: July 2017

En 2017, le conflit syrien n’a pas bouleversé l’ordre politique et territorial au Moyen-Orient tel qu’incarné dans ses frontières internationales. La frontière de la Syrie n’a pas éclaté sous l’effet de la guerre qui déchire le pays, et elle continue de former une ligne inscrite dans l’ordre juridique international. A cette pérennité formelle et juridique se conjuguent pourtant des changements profonds de cette frontière, et qui sont sans doute durables : changements qui affectent à la fois sa nature, ses fonctions, sa gestion et ses pratiques, et qui se retrouvent depuis l’échelle locale jusqu’à l’échelle internationale.
Raqqa, capitale de la révolution puis de l’État islamique : les frontières contestées d’une ville syrienne
Authors: Ababsa Myriam 
Published: July 2017

Cinquième ville de Syrie, négligée par le régime et appauvrie, Raqqa a été la première ville à se libérer du régime syrien en mars 2013 avec l’aide de l’Armée syrienne libre et de forces salafistes. Les notables ont alors rappelé qu’ils avaient pu organiser en 1919 un Etat autonome à Raqqa. Mais dès, l’automne 2013, Raqqa tombe aux mains de l’État islamique. La proclamation du Califat dans cette ville s’explique pour des raisons tactiques (taille réduite, faiblesse militaire) mais aussi du fait de son importance historique, comme ancienne capitale de l’Empire abbasside.
L’Azawad comme enjeu des négociations de paix au Mali : quel statut pour un territoire contesté ?
Authors: Poupart Pauline 
Published: July 2017

Cet article 1 s’interroge sur le contenu idéologique et politique porté par l’idée d’Azawad pour qualifier le Nord du Mali. Cette appellation a été une des questions délicates à aborder dans le processus de paix pour mettre fin au conflit entre groupes armés et autorités maliennes, entre 2012 et 2015, et illustre les rapports complexes dans la définition du territoire entre le Nord et le Sud du pays.
Du local au national : une nouvelle approche des pertes de 1914-1918 par département
Authors: Beau Laurent 
Published: July 2017

Dans la mémoire collective de la guerre de 1914-1918, les soldats paysans auraient bien plus versé leur sang que les habitants des villes et leur population d’ouvriers, notamment à Paris. Il a pourtant toujours été difficile d’établir un chiffrage précis des pertes de guerre par département. Ceux qui l’ont tenté se sont fondés sur la comparaison avec la population masculine du département recensée en 1911. En partant de l’analyse statistique des monuments aux morts d’un canton du Cantal, l’article change de base et prend en compte les mouvements de population intervenus dans les années précédant la guerre (exode rural, concentration dans les centres urbains industrialisés), ce qui invite à remettre en cause l’approche résidentielle généralement utilisée. En adoptant une approche démographique, basée sur la population active masculine selon le département de naissance des soldats morts pendant la guerre, les écarts se trouvent sensiblement réduits : on découvre une moindre saignée des départements ruraux et une augmentation sensible des pertes de certains départements fortement industrialisés. C’est une nouvelle carte des pertes en France qui se dessine, dont les écarts qui subsistent ouvrent la voie à des recherches ultérieures.
Cutting Edge: CD3 ITAM Diversity Is Required for Optimal TCR Signaling and Thymocyte Development
Authors: Bettini Matthew L. , Chou Po-Chein , Guy Clifford S. , Lee Thomas , Vignali Kate M. , Vignali Dario A. A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
For the αβ or γδTCR chains to integrate extracellular stimuli into the appropriate intracellular cellular response, they must use the 10 ITAMs found within the CD3 subunits (CD3γε, CD3δε, and ζζ) of the TCR signaling complex. However, it remains unclear whether each specific ITAM sequence of the individual subunit (γεδζ) is required for thymocyte development or whether any particular CD3 ITAM motif is sufficient. In this article, we show that mice utilizing a single ITAM sequence (γ, ε, δ, ζa, ζb, or ζc) at each of the 10 ITAM locations exhibit a substantial reduction in thymic cellularity and limited CD4−CD8− (double-negative) to CD4+CD8+ (double-positive) maturation because of low TCR expression and signaling. Together, the data suggest that ITAM sequence diversity is required for optimal TCR signal transduction and subsequent T cell maturation.
Deconstructing the Lectin Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Inflammatory Arthritis: Essential Role of the Lectin Ficolin B and Mannose-Binding Protein–Associated Serine Protease 2
Authors: Banda Nirmal K. , Acharya Sumitra , Scheinman Robert I. , Mehta Gaurav , Takahashi Minoru , Endo Yuichi , Zhou Wuding , Farrar Conrad A. , Sacks Steven H. , Fujita Teizo , Sekine Hideharu , Holers V. Michael 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Complement plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Although the alternative pathway (AP) is known to play a key pathogenic role in models of rheumatoid arthritis, the importance of the lectin pathway (LP) pattern recognition molecules such as ficolin (FCN) A, FCN B, and collectin (CL)-11, as well as the activating enzyme mannose-binding lectin–associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2), are less well understood. We show in this article that FCN A−/− and CL-11−/− mice are fully susceptible to collagen Ab–induced arthritis (CAIA). In contrast, FCN B−/− and MASP-2−/−/sMAp−/− mice are substantially protected, with clinical disease activity decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.05) by 47 and 70%, respectively. Histopathology scores, C3, factor D, FCN B deposition, and infiltration of synovial macrophages and neutrophils were similarly decreased in FCN B−/− and MASP-2−/−/sMAp−/− mice. Our data support that FCN B plays an important role in the development of CAIA, likely through ligand recognition in the joint and MASP activation, and that MASP-2 also contributes to the development of CAIA, likely in a C4-independent manner. Decreased AP activity in the sera from FCN B−/− and MASP-2−/−/sMAp−/− mice with arthritis on adherent anti-collagen Abs also support the hypothesis that pathogenic Abs, as well as additional inflammation-related ligands, are recognized by the LP and operate in vivo to activate complement. Finally, we also speculate that the residual disease seen in our studies is driven by the AP and/or the C2/C4 bypass pathway via the direct cleavage of C3 through an LP-dependent mechanism.
Zebrafish B Cell Development without a Pre–B Cell Stage, Revealed by CD79 Fluorescence Reporter Transgenes
Authors: Liu Xingjun , Li Yue-Sheng , Shinton Susan A. , Rhodes Jennifer , Tang Lingjuan , Feng Hui , Jette Cicely A. , Look A. Thomas , Hayakawa Kyoko , Hardy Richard R. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
CD79a and CD79b proteins associate with Ig receptors as integral signaling components of the B cell Ag receptor complex. To study B cell development in zebrafish, we isolated orthologs of these genes and performed in situ hybridization, finding that their expression colocalized with IgH-μ in the kidney, which is the site of B cell development. CD79 transgenic lines were made by linking the promoter and upstream regulatory segments of CD79a and CD79b to enhanced GFP to identify B cells, as demonstrated by PCR analysis of IgH-μ expression in sorted cells. We crossed these CD79-GFP lines to a recombination activating gene (Rag)2:mCherry transgenic line to identify B cell development stages in kidney marrow. Initiation of CD79:GFP expression in Rag2:mCherry+ cells and the timing of Ig H and L chain expression revealed simultaneous expression of both IgH-μ– and IgL-κ–chains, without progressing through the stage of IgH-μ–chain alone. Rag2:mCherry+ cells without CD79:GFP showed the highest Rag1 and Rag2 mRNAs compared with CD79a and CD79b:GFP+ B cells, which showed strongly reduced Rag mRNAs. Thus, B cell development in zebrafish does not go through a Raghi CD79+IgH-μ+ pre–B cell stage, different from mammals. After the generation of CD79:GFP+ B cells, decreased CD79 expression occurred upon differentiation to Ig secretion, as detected by alteration from membrane to secreted IgH-μ exon usage, similar to in mammals. This confirmed a conserved role for CD79 in B cell development and differentiation, without the requirement of a pre–B cell stage in zebrafish.
Empowerment and Responsiveness Effect on Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) Staffs in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Selvanathan Mahiswaran , Ain Zeni Noor , Jun Tan Pei , Apparavu Kantharow 
Published: July 2017

This study focuses on service quality in a public sector, Malaysia. This research is aimed at exploring the relationship between empowerment and responsiveness towards work quality, while reviewing customers’ satisfaction towards government services, particularly towards the Royal Malaysian Police agency. This paper describes how the Royal Malaysian Police can use their employee work quality through the effectiveness, efficiency and productivity systems as tools to help them reach the highest level of customer satisfaction. Multivariate multiple regression technique was used to measure the relationship between the empowerment and responsiveness towards work quality of the employee. This study concludes that empowerment factor does significantly affect the work quality of the government employees, but their work quality does not satisfy the customers.