bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of the current prevalence of screen-detected abdominal aortic aneurysm in women
Authors: Ulug P , Powell J T , Sweeting M J , Bown M J , Thompson S G , Thompson S G , Sweeting M J , Jones E , Powell J T , Ulug P , Bown M J , Glover M J 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background
Although women represent an increasing proportion of those presenting with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture, the current prevalence of AAA in women is unknown. The contemporary population prevalence of screen-detected AAA in women was investigated by both age and smoking status.

Methods
A systematic review was undertaken of studies screening for AAA, including over 1000 women, aged at least 60 years, done since the year 2000. Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL databases until 13 January 2016. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scoring system.

Results
Eight studies were identified, including only three based on population registers. The largest studies were based on self-purchase of screening. Altogether 1 537 633 women were screened. Overall AAA prevalence rates were very heterogeneous, ranging from 0·37 to 1·53 per cent: pooled prevalence 0·74 (95 per cent c.i. 0·53 to 1·03) per cent. The pooled prevalence increased with both age (more than 1 per cent for women aged over 70 years) and smoking (more than 1 per cent for ever smokers and over 2 per cent in current smokers).

Conclusion
The current population prevalence of screen-detected AAA in older women is subject to wide demographic variation. However, in ever smokers and those over 70 years of age, the prevalence is over 1 per cent.
Conjugated Dienyl Derivatives by Green Bisallylic Substitution: Synthetic and Mechanistic Insight
Authors: Cazorla Clément , Billamboz Muriel , Chevrin‐Villette Carole , Hapiot Frédéric , Monflier Eric , Len Christophe 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe first palladium‐catalyzed bisallylic substitution on biobased bisallylic derivatives was explored. The developed method, performed under green conditions with microwave irradiation, led to valuable conjugated dienes. The mechanism was studied by ESI‐MS and NMR spectroscopy, which highlighted the involvement of bis‐π‐allylpalladium complexes in the catalytic cycle.
Simulation of Radiant Syngas Coolers and Comparison with Various Arrangements of the Entrained‐Flow Gasifier
Authors: Li Xianbin , Gong Yan , Zhou Zhijie , Dai Zhenghua , Yu Guangsuo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA 3D numerical model was developed for studying the multiphase flow and heat transfer process in a radiant syngas cooler (RSC). Realizable k‐ϵ turbulent and discrete random walk models were adopted to simulate gas phase and particle phase flow fields, respectively. The surface temperature of the membrane wall was calculated by heat flux balance equations. The calculated temperature distribution was validated by comparing calculated values with measured data of an industrial RSC. Four different membrane wall arrangements of RSC, namely, ordinary membrane wall (OMW), partial division wall (PDW), annular division wall (ADW), and fin division wall (FDW), were designed for a specific condition.
SnFe2O4 Nanocrystals as Highly Efficient Catalysts for Hydrogen‐Peroxide Sensing
Authors: Lee Kuan‐Ting , Liu Dai‐Ming , Lu Shih‐Yuan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSnFe2O4 nanocrystals (NC), prepared with a simple one‐step carrier‐solvent‐assisted interfacial reaction process, were developed as highly efficient catalysts for hydrogen peroxide sensing. These NCs, with a size of around 7 nm, served as the sensing catalyst and were decorated onto the pore surfaces of a porous fluorine‐doped tin oxide (PFTO) host electrode, prepared from commercial FTO glass with a simple anodic treatment, to form the sensing electrode for hydrogen peroxide. The SnFe2O4 NCs‐loaded PFTO electrode exhibited an ultra‐high sensitivity of 1027 mA m−1 cm−2 toward hydrogen peroxide, outperforming Pt NCs‐loaded PFTO electrodes. The SnFe2O4 NCs‐loaded PFTO electrode proved a promising relatively low cost, high performance sensing electrode for hydrogen peroxide.
Cooperative Veratryle and Nitroindoline Cages for Two‐Photon Uncaging in the NIR
Authors: Cueto Diaz Eduardo , Picard Sébastien , Klausen Maxime , Hugues Vincent , Pagano Paolo , Genin Emilie , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTandem uncaging systems in which a two‐photon absorbing module and a cage moiety, linked via a phosphorous clip, that act together by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) have been developed. A library of these compounds, using different linkers and cages (7‐nitroindolinyl or nitroveratryl) has been synthesized. The investigation of their uncaging and two‐photon absorption properties demonstrates the scope and versatility of the engineering strategy towards efficient two‐photon cages and reveals surprising cooperative and topological effects. The interactions between the 2PA module and the caging moiety are found to promote cooperative effects on the 2PA response while additional processes that enhance the uncaging efficiency are operative in well‐oriented nitroindoline‐derived dyads. These synergic effects combine to lead to record two‐photon uncaging cross‐section values (i.e., up to 20 GM) for uncaging of carboxylic acids.
Temperature Dual Enantioselective Control in a Rhodium‐Catalyzed Michael‐Type Friedel–Crafts Reaction: A Mechanistic Explanation
Authors: Méndez Isabel , Rodríguez Ricardo , Polo Víctor , Passarelli Vincenzo , Lahoz Fernando J. , García‐Orduña Pilar , Carmona Daniel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBy changing the temperature from 283 to 233 K, the S (99 % ee) or R (96 % ee) enantiomer of the Friedel–Crafts (FC) adduct of the reaction between N‐methyl‐2‐methylindole and trans‐β‐nitrostyrene can be obtained by using (SRh,RC)‐[(η5‐C5Me5)Rh{(R)‐Prophos}(H2O)][SbF6]2 as the catalyst precursor. This catalytic system presents two other uncommon features: 1) The ee changes with reaction time showing trends that depend on the reaction temperature and 2) an increase in the catalyst loading results in a decrease in the ee of the S enantiomer. Detection and characterization of the intermediate metal–nitroalkene and metal–aci‐nitro complexes, the free aci‐nitro compound, and the FC adduct‐complex, together with solution NMR measurements, theoretical calculations, and kinetic studies have allowed us to propose two plausible alternative catalytic cycles. On the basis of these cycles, all the above‐mentioned observations can be rationalized. In particular, the reversibility of one of the cycles together with the kinetic resolution of the intermediate aci‐nitro complexes account for the high ee values achieved in both antipodes. On the other hand, the results of kinetic measurements explain the unusual effect of the increment in catalyst loading.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Electron‐Rich s‐Tetrazine and Triazolo‐tetrazine Nitrate Esters
Authors: Myers Thomas W. , Snyder Christopher J. , Chavez David E. , Scharff R Jason , Veauthier Jacqueline M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe have prepared energetic nitrate ester derivatives of 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine and 1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐b]‐[1,2,4,5]‐tetrazine ring systems as model compounds to study the electrochemical behavior of tetrazines in the presence of explosive groups. The model compounds showed lower thermal stabilities relative to PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate), but slightly improved mechanical sensitivities. The presence of electron‐rich amine donors leads to a cathodic shift of the tetrazine redox potentials relative to those of previously reported tetrazine explosives. At these potentials, electron‐rich tetrazines with either covalently bound or co‐dissolved nitrate ester groups are irreversibly reduced. Effectively, changes in the electronic structure of tetrazines affect their electrochemical response to the presence of nitrate ester groups. Thus, it may be possible to develop tetrazine‐based electrochemical sensors for the detection of specific explosives and electrocatalysts for their disposal.
Unprecedented {Fe14}/{Fe10} Polyoxotungstate‐Based Nanoclusters with Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Evolution Activity: Synthesis, Structure, Magnetism, and Electrochemistry
Authors: Singh Vikram , Chen Zhiyuan , Ma Pengtao , Zhang Dongdi , Drew Michael G. B. , Niu Jingyang , Wang Jingping 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNovel Fe10 and Fe14 clusters [Rb9Cs4H37Fe10O34(A‐α‐PW9O31)3(OH)3]⋅36 H2O (1) and [H3Rb3Fe14(OH)12(PO4)6(B‐α‐PW9O34)2]⋅21 H2O (2) were synthesized and characterized in the solid state by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and magnetic studies, and in solution by electrochemistry. Cluster 1 is a decameric FeIII polyanionic cluster encapsulating a cesium atom in the center. Cluster 2 is a unique tetradecanuclear FeIII sandwich structure with phosphate‐linked units featuring two quasicubic Fe4O4 moieties. Apparently, 2 has the highest nuclearity of all known FeIII sandwich‐type polyoxometalate clusters. Clusters 1 and 2 also act as photocatalysts with platinum as cocatalyst for H2 evolution from light‐driven water splitting. Changes in the cyclovoltammetric patterns with variations in pH were observed for 1 and 2, most likely due to intermolecular interactions among the high‐nuclearity FeIII cluster cores and subsequent changes in the acid–base properties of the two reduced POMs. Magnetic studies provide evidence of antiferromagnetic interactions in 1 and 2. TGA showed that complexes 1 and 2 decompose between 580 and 590 °C.
Formal Total Synthesis of Diazonamide A by Indole Oxidative Rearrangement
Authors: David Nadège , Pasceri Raffaele , Kitson Russell R. A. , Pradal Alexandre , Moody Christopher J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA short formal total synthesis of the marine natural product diazonamide A is described. The route is based on indole oxidative rearrangement, and a number of options were investigated involving migration of tyrosine or oxazole fragments upon oxidation of open chain or macrocyclic precursors. The final route proceeds from 7‐bromoindole by sequential palladium‐catalysed couplings of an oxazole fragment at C‐2, followed by a tyrosine fragment at C‐3. With the key 2,3‐disubstituted indole readily in hand, formation of a macrocyclic lactam set the stage for the crucial oxidative rearrangement to a 3,3‐disubstituted oxindole. Notwithstanding the concomitant formation of the unwanted indoxyl isomer, the synthesis successfully delivered, after deprotection, the key oxindole intermediate, thereby completing a formal total synthesis of diazonamide A.
Regioselective Cleavage of Thioether Linkages in Microcystin Conjugates
Authors: Zemskov Ivan , Kropp Heike M. , Wittmann Valentin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMicrocystins are cyanobacterial toxins that can be found in fresh and coastal waters during algal blooms. Microcystin contamination of water can cause severe poisoning of animals and humans. Quantification of these toxins in biological samples is complicated because a major proportion of microcystins is covalently linked to proteins through thioether bonds formed through a Michael‐type addition of cysteine residues of proteins to an N‐methyldehydroalanine residue in the microcystins. We investigated chemical methods that can be used to cleave such thioether bonds by means of an elimination reaction that leaves the microcystin backbone intact for subsequent analysis. The known reagent O‐mesitylenesulfonylhydroxylamine (MSH) led to regioselective thioether cleavage, but a large excess of reagent was needed, thus making purification challenging. An unexpected side reaction observed during the investigation of the base‐induced elimination inspired us to develop a new thioether‐cleavage methodology based on the addition of propargylamine as a nucleophile that can trap the elimination product. This methodology could be successfully applied to the quantitative cleavage of a microcystin‐LF–glutathione conjugate. The alkyne moiety introduced by this procedure offers the possibility for further reactions with azides by using click chemistry, which might be useful for the derivatization or isolation of microcystins.
Two Different Pathways in the Reduction of [(S=)PCl(μ‐NtBu)]2 with Na
Authors: Bawari Deependra , Prashanth Billa , Ravi Satyam , Shamasundar K. R. , Singh Sanjay , Wright Dominic S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Sanjay Singh and Dominic S. Wright at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research in Mohali and at the Cambridge University. The image depicts a sulfur‐bridged hexameric inorganic macrocycle along with stable 2D and 3D polymeric arrangements of a singlet biradicaloid dianion. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201600839.
Correlation structure selection for longitudinal data with diverging cluster size
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhou Jianhui , Qu Annie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCorrelation structure selection for non‐normal longitudinal data is very challenging for diverging cluster size because of the high‐dimensional correlation parameters involved and the complexity of the likelihood function for non‐normal longitudinal data. However identifying the correct correlation structure is important because it can improve estimation efficiency and testing power for longitudinal data. We propose to approximate the inverse of the empirical correlation matrix using a linear combination of candidate basis matrices, and select the correlation structure by identifying non‐zero coefficients of the basis matrices. This is carried out by minimizing penalized estimating functions, which balance the complexity and informativeness of modelling for the correlation matrix. The new approach does not require estimating each entry of the correlation matrix (except for an initial empirical estimate from the residuals), nor specifying the likelihood function, and can effectively handle non‐normal longitudinal data. The derivation of asymptotic theory for model selection consistency and oracle properties is challenging in the framework where the cluster size and the number of basis matrices are both diverging. Our numerical studies show that the proposed method performs satisfactorily for both normal and binary responses in this diverging framework.The Canadian Journal of Statistics44: 343–360; 2016 © 2016 Statistical Society of Canada
Human immunodeficiency virus‐associated lymphomas in the antiretroviral therapy era: Analysis of the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Olszewski Adam J. , Fallah Jaleh , Castillo Jorge J. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDAntiviral therapy has altered the prognosis of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐associated non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but patterns of lymphoma‐directed therapy in the community are unknown.METHODSThe authors analyzed the National Cancer Data Base records of 10,769 patients who were diagnosed with HIV‐associated lymphoma from 2004 through 2012. Changes in clinical characteristics and chemotherapy delivery over time were evaluated. Factors that were associated with not receiving chemotherapy were studied using multivariable logistic regression, reporting odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTSThe proportion of black or Hispanic patients with HIV‐associated NHL increased from 41% in 2004 to 55% in 2012 (P < .0001). Chemotherapy was received by 81% of patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, 90% of those with Burkitt lymphoma, 61% of those with primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and 35% of those with primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL). Between 2004 and 2012, this proportion increased only for patients with PCNSL (P < .00001). Chemotherapy was less likely to be received by patients who were older, black, or without private insurance. It was delivered more frequently in hospitals designated as academic (OR for nonreceipt, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51‐0.92) or in hospitals that had ≥3 HIV‐positive cases per year (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58‐0.86). Survival improved in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (P = .007), Burkitt lymphoma (P = .0002), and PCNSL (P = .019), but not in those with PEL (P = .94). Receipt of chemotherapy in patients with PEL was not associated with better survival.CONCLUSIONSDisparities in chemotherapy delivery need attention, because a majority of HIV‐positive patients with NHL in the United States are now black or Hispanic. Higher volume centers were associated with an increased likelihood of chemotherapy administration. Survival gains in patients with PCNSL parallel an increase in chemotherapy use, supporting its role in therapy. [See Editorial on pages 000‐000, this issue.] Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2689–2697. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Coupling schemes for the FSI forward prediction challenge: Comparative study and validation
Authors: Landajuela Mikel , Vidrascu Marina , Chapelle Dominique , Fernández Miguel A. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThis paper presents a numerical study in which several partitioned solution procedures for incompressible fluid‐structure interaction are compared and validated against the results of an experimental fluid‐structure interaction benchmark. The numerical methods discussed cover the three main families of coupling schemes: strongly coupled, semi‐implicit, and loosely coupled. Very good agreement is observed between the numerical and experimental results. The comparisons confirm that strong coupling can be efficiently avoided, via semi‐implicit and loosely coupled schemes, without compromising stability and accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Formation of N3H3 Isomers in Irradiated Ammonia Bearing Ices: Triazene (H2NNNH) or Triimide (HNHNNH)
Authors: Förstel Marko , Tsegaw Yetsedaw A. , Maksyutenko Pavlo , Mebel Alexander M. , Sander Wolfram , Kaiser Ralf I. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe remarkable versatility of triazenes in synthesis, polymer chemistry and pharmacology has led to numerous experimental and theoretical studies. Surprisingly, only very little is known about the most fundamental triazene: the parent molecule with the chemical formula N3H3. Here we observe molecular, isolated N3H3 in the gas phase after it sublimes from energetically processed ammonia and nitrogen films. Combining theoretical studies with our novel detection scheme of photoionization‐driven reflectron time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy we can obtain information on the isomers of triazene formed in the films. Using isotopically labeled starting material, we can additionally gain insight in the formation pathways of the isomers of N3H3 under investigation and identify the isomers formed as triazene (H2NNNH) and possibly triimide (HNHNNH).
Combined Constant‐Force and Constant‐Velocity Single‐Molecule Force Spectroscopy of the Conrotatory Ring Opening Reaction of Benzocyclobutene
Authors: Kouznetsova Tatiana B. , Wang Junpeng , Craig Stephen L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSingle‐molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) of multi‐mechanophore polymers has been used to provide kinetic and mechanistic insights into mechanochemical reactions. Whereas biological systems have benefitted from force clamp spectroscopy, synthetic polymers have been studied primarily with constant‐velocity methods. Here, force clamp SMFS is applied to the mechanically accelerated conrotatory ring opening of benzocyclobutene, and a comparison with constant‐velocity SMFS extends the range of available rate‐versus‐force data and corroborates the use of constant‐velocity SMFS to extract force dependencies.
Raman Spectroscopic Study on Alkyl Chain Conformation in 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Ionic Liquids and their Aqueous Mixtures
Authors: Singh Dheeraj K. , Cha Seoncheol , Nam Dahyun , Cheong Hyeonsik , Joo Sang‐Woo , Kim Doseok 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIonic liquids of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ([BMIM]) cation with different anions (Cl−, Br−, I−, and BF4−), and their aqueous mixtures were investigated by using Raman spectroscopy and dispersion‐included density functional theory (DFT). The characteristic Raman bands at 600 and 624 cm−1 for two isomers of the butyl chain in the imidazolium cation showed significant changes in intensity for different anions as well as in aqueous solutions. The area ratio of these two bands followed the order I−>Br−>Cl−>BF4− (in terms of the anion X in [BMIM]X), indicating that the butyl chain of [BMIM]I tends to adopt the trans conformation. The butyl chain was found to adopt the gauche conformation upon dilution, irrespective of the anion type. The Raman bands in the butyl C−H stretch region for [BMIM]X (X=Cl−, Br−, and I−) blueshifted significantly with the increase in the water concentration, whereas that for [BMIM]BF4 changed very little upon dilution. The blueshift in the C−H stretch region upon dilution also followed the order: [BMIM]I>[BMIM]Br>[BMIM]Cl>[BMIM]BF4, the same order as the above trans conformation preference of the butyl chain in pure imidazolium ionic liquids, which suggested that the cation‐anion interaction plays a role in determining the conformation of the chain.
On the Origin of Steep and Localized Radial Electric Field in the Transport Barrier at Plasma Edge
Authors: Itoh K. , Itoh S.‐I. , Kobayashi T. , Kamiya K. , Ido T. , Tokuzawa T. , Inagaki S. , Kasuya N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTheories to understand the steep and localized radial electric field in the edge of toroidal plasma, which appears in conjunction with H‐mode, is revisited based on the electric field bifurcation model. Key elements in the models of the L‐H transition (including the toroidal effects on the dielectric constant and the effects of the curvature of radial electric field on turbulence suppression) are assessed. Results are applied to tokamak and helical plasmas, for which data with high‐resolution have been obtained recently. The status of quantitative tests on various mechanisms through comparison with experimental observations is also addressed. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flow cytometry analysis of receptor internalization/shedding
Authors: Rigo Antonella , Vinante Fabrizio 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundDifferentiation, proliferation, and chemotaxis responses stem from biological programs that recognize checkpoints at the level of membrane receptor internalization and shedding. Therefore, receptor trafficking represents a crucial regulator of cell functions.MethodsHere, we present a survey of analyses of receptor internalization vs. shedding based on simple flow cytometry‐based techniques. A relevant basic observation is that a fluorochrome‐bearing antibody bound to a specific receptor that is translocated from the membrane to the cytoplasm continues to emit light, i.e., the cell remains equally positive for that marker even if the receptor is strongly downregulated or no longer detectable on the membrane. In contrast, fluorescence is lost following receptor shedding.ResultsThe combined uses of standardized hyperosmolar sucrose, acidic treatment and flow cytometry staining at different times allows for fully informative studies of the internalization or shedding pattern of a given receptor. The procedure can be simplified into a straightforward, simple‐to‐use, and flexible flow cytometry method based on two sequential steps with in‐between receptor stimulation. This method obviates the need for time‐consuming fluorescence techniques and even confocal microscopy.ConclusionWe validate this procedure via comparisons of three receptors, i.e., CXCR4, CD30, and CD25, with membrane trafficking patterns that are involved in biological functions that are relevant to immunity and cancer. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society