bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Trends in Nonoperative Management of Rectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ellis Clayton Tyler , Samuel Cleo A. , Stitzenberg Karyn B. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose Neoadjuvant chemoradiation for stage II/III rectal cancer results in up to 49% of patients with a clinical complete response. As a result, many have questioned whether surgery can be omitted for this group of patients. Currently, there is insufficient evidence for chemoradiation only, or nonoperative management (NOM), to support its adoption. Despite this, anecdotal evidence suggests there is a trend toward increased use of NOM. Our objective was to examine the use of NOM for rectal cancer over time, as well as the patient- and facility-level factors associated with its use. Methods We included all incident cases of invasive, nonmetastatic rectal adenocarcinoma reported to the National Cancer Database from 1998 to 2010. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to assess for NOM use over time, as well as associated patient- and facility-level factors. Results A total of 146,135 patients met the inclusion criteria: 5,741 had NOM and 140,394 had surgery with or without additional therapy. From 1998 to 2010, NOM doubled, from 2.4% to 5% of all cases annually. Patients who were black (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.71; 95% CI, 1.57 to 1.86), uninsured (AOR, 2.35; 95% CI, 2.08 to 2.65) or enrolled in Medicaid (AOR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.90 to 2.33), or treated at low-volume facilities (AOR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.42 to 1.64) were more likely to receive NOM than were patients who were white, privately insured, and treated at a high-volume facility, respectively. Conclusion NOM demonstrates promise for the treatment of rectal cancer; currently, however, the most appropriate strategy is to pursue this approach with well-informed patients in the context of a clinical trial. We observed evidence of increasing NOM use, with this increase occurring more frequently in black and uninsured/Medicaid patients, raising concern that increased NOM use may actually represent increasing disparities in rectal cancer care rather than innovation. Further studies are needed to assess survival differences by treatment strategy.
Risk of Adverse Health and Social Outcomes Up to 50 Years After Wilms Tumor: The British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Wong Kwok F. , Reulen Raoul C. , Winter David L. , Guha Joyeeta , Fidler Miranda M. , Kelly Julie , Lancashire Emma R. , Pritchard-Jones Kathryn , Jenkinson Helen C. , Sugden Elaine , Levitt Gill , Frobisher Clare , Hawkins Michael M. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose Survivors of Wilms tumor (WT) are at risk for adverse health and social outcomes but risks beyond 30 years from diagnosis remain uncertain. We investigated the risks of adverse outcomes among 5-year survivors of WT, in particular, those between 30 and 50 years from diagnosis. Patients and Methods The British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study includes 1,441 5-year survivors of WT. We investigated cause-specific mortality, risk of subsequent primary neoplasms (SPNs), and, for those who completed a questionnaire, the extent of smoking and drinking, educational achievement, health status, and health service use compared with the general population. Results Cumulative risk of death from all causes, excluding recurrence, increased substantially from 5.4% to 22.7% at 30 years and 50 years, respectively, after WT diagnosis—75% of excess deaths beyond 30 years from diagnosis were attributable to SPNs (50%) and cardiac diseases (25%). Digestive cancer, most frequently bowel, accounted for 41% of excess cancers beyond 30 years. Conclusion Between 30 and 50 years from diagnosis, survivors of WT are at a substantially increased risk of premature mortality, and 75% of excess deaths were accounted for by SPNs and cardiac diseases. Radiotherapy exposure was a risk factor for both outcomes. The proportion of patients with WT who are exposed to radiotherapy has reduced substantially in recent decades because of initiatives such as the SIOP WT 2001 clinical trial, which sought to reduce late effects; however, the majority of current survivors, who are at least 30 years from diagnosis, received radiotherapy. Surveillance of this group should focus on SPNs, in particular, bowel and breast cancers, and cardiac conditions.
Strategies for Empiric Management of Pediatric Fever and Neutropenia in Patients With Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation Recipients: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials
Authors: Robinson Paula D. , Lehrnbecher Thomas , Phillips Robert , Dupuis L. Lee , Sung Lillian 
Published: March 2016

Purpose To describe treatment failure and mortality rates with different antibiotic regimens and different management strategies for empirical treatment of fever and neutropenia (FN) in pediatric patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. Methods We conducted a systematic review and performed searches of MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Studies were included if pediatric patients had cancer or were HSCT recipients and the intervention was related to the management of FN. Strategies synthesized were monotherapy versus aminoglycoside-containing combination therapy; antipseudomonal penicillin monotherapy versus fourth-generation cephalosporin monotherapy; inpatient versus outpatient management; oral versus intravenous antibiotics; and addition of colony-stimulating factors. Results Of 11,469 citations screened, 68 studies randomly assigning 7,265 episodes were included. When compared with monotherapy, aminoglycoside-containing combination therapy did not decrease treatment failures (risk ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.38; P = 0.23), and no difference in mortality was observed. Antipseudomonal penicillin and fourth-generation cephalosporin monotherapy were associated with similar failure and mortality rates. Outpatient management and oral antibiotics were safe in low-risk FN with no infection-related mortality observed in any patient and no significant differences in outcomes compared with inpatient management and intravenous therapy. Therapeutic colony-stimulating factors were associated with a 1.42-day reduction in hospitalization (95% CI, 0.62 to 2.22 days; P < .001). Conclusion There were a moderate number of pediatric randomized trials of FN management. Monotherapy for high-risk FN and outpatient and oral management for low-risk FN are effective strategies. These findings will provide the basis for guideline recommendations in pediatric FN.
Managing Economic Calculations of a Company
Authors: Ровенский  , Rovenskiy Yu. , Наточеева  , Natocheeva N. , Белянчикова  , Belyanchikova T. 
Published: March 2016

The paper considers the issues of how to manage the accounts receivable and
accounts payable based on the findings of analysis of thereof. The authors
propose to sort out definite stages in debt management and suggest ways to
calculate the working capital amount to be allocated to accounts receivable; to
assess the company financial performance, subject to the provision of onemonth
and three-month discounts to debtors, and to evaluate the effect of the
increase in accounts receivable in the upcoming period. All the above help to
enhance efficiency of the company’s credit policy and of the accounts payables
management and also allow to reduce financial losses related to attracting
additional sources of capital.
Hip and knee arthroplasty implants contraindicated in obesity
Authors: Craik JD , Bircher MD , Rickman M 
Published: March 2016

Introduction High patient weight is a risk factor for mechanical implant failure and some manufacturers list obesity as a contraindication for implant use. We reviewed data from the 2012–2013 UK National Joint Registry to determine whether surgical practice reflects these manufacturer recommendations. Methods The product literature for the most commonly used hip and knee implants was reviewed for recommendations against use in obese patients (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30kg/m2). The total number of obese patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty was calculated, as was the proportion receiving implants against manufacturer recommendations. Results Out of 200,054 patient records, 147,691 (74%) had a recorded BMI. The mean BMI for patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty was 29kg/m2, compared with 31kg/m2 for total knee arthroplasty. Of the 25 components reviewed, 5 listed obesity as a contraindication or recommended against implant use in obese patients. A total of 10,745 patients (16% of all obese patients) received implants against manufacturer recommendations. Conclusions A high proportion of patients are receiving implants against manufacturer recommendations. However, there are limitations to using BMI for stratifying risk of implant fatigue failure and manufacturers should therefore provide more detailed guidelines on size specific implant load limits to facilitate surgical decisions.
Biological Variation of Plasma and Urinary Markers of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Carter Joanne L , Parker Christopher T , Stevens Paul E , Eaglestone Gillian , Knight Sarah , Farmer Christopher K T , Lamb Edmund J 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Identification of acute kidney injury (AKI) is predominantly based on changes in plasma creatinine concentration, an insensitive marker. Alternative biomarkers have been proposed. The reference change value (RCV), the point at which biomarker change can be inferred to have occurred with statistical certainty, provides an objective assessment of change in serial tests results in an individual.

METHODS
In 80 patients with chronic kidney disease, weekly measurements of blood and urinary biomarker concentrations were undertaken over 6 weeks. Variability was determined and compared before and after adjustment for urinary creatinine and across subgroups stratified by level of kidney function, proteinuria, and presence or absence of diabetes.

RESULTS
RCVs were determined for whole blood, plasma, and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (111%, 59%, and 693%, respectively), plasma cystatin C (14%), creatinine (17%), and urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (497%), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (454%), N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (361%), interleukin-18 (819%), albumin (430%), and α1-microglobulin (216%). Blood biomarkers exhibited lower variability than urinary biomarkers. Generally, adjusting urinary biomarker concentrations for creatinine reduced (P &lt; 0.05) within-subject biological variability (CVI). For some markers, variation differed (P &lt; 0.05) between subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS
These data can form a basis for application of these tests in clinical practice and research studies and are applicable across different levels of kidney function and proteinuria and in the presence or absence of diabetes. Most of the studied biomarkers have relatively high CVI (noise) but also have reported large concentration changes in response to renal insult (signal); thus progressive change should be detectable (high signal-to-noise ratio) when baseline data are available.
Duch sakramentalnej pokuty
Authors: Biskup Marian 
Published: March 2016

30. rocznica adhortacji Recontiliatio et paenitentia, ogłoszonej przez Ojca Świętego Jana Pawła II, jest dobrą okazją, aby skłonić do refleksji na temat znaczenia i sensu pokuty i nawrócenia. Adhortacja inspiruje nas do rozpoczęcia podróży odkrycia pokuty w duchu ewangelicznym, co z kolei pociąga za sobą zrozumienie ducha sakramentalnej pokuty. Cała Ewangelia jest przeniknięta Boską Miłością ku człowiekowi, objawioną przez Boga Syna - Jezusa Chrystusa. Pokuta i nawrócenie powinny być przepojone miłością i pragnieniem doświadczania miłości miłosiernej Boga przez człowieka. Stąd jest to wielowymiarowa radość, która stanowi owoc pokuty. Jesteśmy w stanie podkreślić potrójne potwierdzenie pokuty, wynikająca ze zrozumienia ewangelicznej wizji.
When variables align: A Bayesian multinomial mixed-effects model of English permissive constructions
Authors: Levshina Natalia 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper is a quantitative multifactorial study of the near-synonymous constructionslet+V,allow+toV andpermit+toV based on the British National Corpus. The study investigates the differences between these constructions with the help of 23 formal, semantic, social and collostructional variables. A Bayesian multinomial mixed-effects model reveals a remarkable alignment of the variables that represent different dimensions of variation, namely, the linguistic distance between the predicates, the conceptual distance between the events they represent, the distance between the speaker and the Permitter and Permittee on the animacy/entrenchment/empathy hierarchy, the social and communicative distance between the interlocutors, as well as the strength of collostructional attraction between the constructions and second verb slot fillers. The paper offers several possible explanations for this alignment from a cognitive, functional and historical perspective.
Metaphor in culture: LIFE IS A SHOW in Chinese
Authors: Yu Ning , Jia Dingding 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study analyzes the linguistic patterns via both qualitative and quantitative data that manifest the underlying conceptual metaphorlife is a showin Chinese. It starts with an analysis of theperforming artsframe as the source domain of theshowmetaphor. The frame comprises three major aspects:people, performance, andvenue, and each of them has a focal element, respectivelyrole, opera, andstage. It argues that the second one,opera, which refers to “Chinese opera”, a prominent form of performing arts in traditional Chinese culture, is the central element that dominates the whole frame. A systematic qualitative analysis of linguistic data shows that, because its source domain centers onChinese opera, thelife is a showmetaphor generates a large number of culture-specific linguistic instantiations in Chinese. A quantitative perspective supported by corpus data reinforces the argument that this metaphor plays a central role in the Chinese conceptualization of events and phenomena in various domains of life, constituting a core component of the Chinese cultural model of life. The study concludes that theshowmetaphor has a salient subversionlife is an operain Chinese, in contrast with its sisterlife is a playfound salient in English.
The role of DO-auxiliary in subject-auxiliary inversion: Developing Langacker’s notion of existential negotiation
Authors: Duffley Patrick 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper builds on Langacker’s (in press. How to build an English clause.Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics2(2)) analysis of subject-auxiliary inversion (SAI) as involving “existential negotiation”. Langacker’s account is completed by relating it to full verb inversion (FVI). In FVI, non-core elements are fronted, resulting in inversion without an auxiliary, as inInto the room walked Mary; however, non-core elements are also frontable in SAI, as inBitterly did we regret our decision.Dois treated as denoting full actualization and SAI is accounted for by focus on an exceptionally intense mode of actualization, whence the use ofdoto explicitly express what is focused on. The role ofinto the roomin the FVI example is to define a locus into which an entity is introduced. Since this does not involve focus on the fact or manner of the verbal event’s actualization,dois not used. This leads to a different division of inverted structures than that of Chen (2013. Subject auxiliary inversion and linguistic generalization: Evidence for functional/cognitive motivation in language.Cognitive Linguistics24. 1–32), who distinguishes those that merely reverse subject and auxiliary (argued to denote non-indicative mood) from those where the inverted auxiliary-subject order is accompanied by fronting of a non-subject element (treated as involving focus on the fronted item). It is argued here that frontingdo-auxiliary marks focus on the actualization of the verbal event itself.
Importance of perinatal care for pregnant women with severe fetal multiple limb abnormalities
Authors: Sawanobori Yukiko , Hasegawa Junichi , Nakamura Masamitsu , Hamada Shoko , Matsuoka Ryu , Sekizawa Akihiko 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Severe major limb abnormalities of the fetus found by antenatal ultrasound screening are often difficult to be accepted by pregnant women. We experienced two cases with fibular aplasia, tibial campomelia, and oligosyndactyly (FATCO) syndrome, and Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS). Appropriate perinatal care coordinated by obstetricians, pediatric specialists, genetic counselors, nurses, and social workers successfully ensured the better acceptance of the parents toward the severe anomalies complicated in the newborn. In this report, we described the two cases of patients with fetuses prenatally diagnosed with severe fetal limb anomalies.
Learning Cantonese as an additional language (CAL) or not: What the CAL learners say
Authors: Li David C. S. , Keung Shuet , Poon Hon Fong , Xu Zhichang 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Based on qualitative data obtained from 33 participants in four focus groups, two each in Putonghua (17) and English (16) respectively, this study shows that learners of Cantonese as an additional language (CAL) in Hong Kong experience a lot of difficulties. As a ‘dialect’, Cantonese has not been standardized and is not part of school literacy. A variety of romanization systems are used in commercially obtainable learning aid like Cantonese course books and bilingual dictionaries, which tend to diverge from romanized Cantonese in street signs and personal names. Independent learning is difficult while incidental learning is almost impossible. Cantonese tuition, often focusing on tones, is reportedly not so helpful. With six distinctive tonemes, the Cantonese tone system appears to be a major stumbling block. When spoken to in Cantonese, local speakers tend to switch to English or Putonghua. Inaccuracies in tone contours often trigger laughter, damaging CAL learners’ self-esteem and dampening their motivation to learn and speak Cantonese. Unlike sojourners, non-Chinese residents who see themselves as Hongkongers often get upset as their identity claims are questioned or even challenged by the mainstream Cantonese society.
A facile one-pot synthesis of aryl-substituted fused pyrimidinones
Authors: Lee Hyuck Joo , Song Yang-Heon 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The convenient synthesis of a series of 3-phenylpyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinones 4, 3-phenylpyrimido[1,2-c]quinazolinones 7 and 3-phenylpyrazino[1,2-a]pyrimidinones 10 with promising biological activity is presented.
Acid-base properties and keto-enol equilibrium of a 5-substituted derivative of 1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid
Authors: Lutoshkin Maxim Alexandrovich , Golovnev Nicolay Nicolaevich 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This article deals with spectrophotometric and ab initio studies of 1,3-diethyl-7-hydroxy-5,5,7-trimethyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-4Hpyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (HDEAC). Acid-base properties for I = 0.25 and in a strongly acidic solution of HCl (I → 0) were investigated. The obtained value of pKa (5.79±0.02) and -pKH (1.68±0.03) show that this compound is a weaker acid than thiobarbituric acid. For interpretation of the spectrophotometric data the ab initio methods with density functional theory at level PBE0/cc-pVDZ/SMD were used. The most energetically favorable structures for neutral and cationic forms of HDEAC were proposed.
Curing of wood treated with vinyl acetate-epoxidized linseed oil copolymer (VAc-ELO)
Authors: Cai Shengzhen , Jebrane Mohamed , Terziev Nasko 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Scots pine sapwood was treated with a new formulation consisting of vinyl acetate (VAc) and epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) catalyzed by potassium persulfate to impart protection to wood. The effects of various curing temperatures, durations, and solution uptakes on dimensional stability (DS) and leachability were studied. The new formulation provided good anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) ranging from 35% to 47% with negligible leaching of the treating agent after four cycles of water soaking and oven drying (2%–2.5%). The extent of polymerization in wood was observed by FTIR-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) by evaluation of the areas below typical IR bands as a function of curing temperature and time. Linear relationships were found with high R2 values. The FTIR data of extracted samples were interpreted that chemical reactions took place between the resulting copolymer and wood components.
Mixing Behaviors of Jets in Cross-Flow for Heat Recovery of Partial Oxidation Process
Authors: Yu Xinyu , Chen Tianwen , Zhang Qi , Wang Tiefeng 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In our previous work, a new technology has been proposed that the cooled synthetic gas (syngas) produced in the partial oxidation process can be used as quenching medium. The mixing of the hot product gas and cold syngas is critical to this new quenching approach. In this work, both experimental measurements and CFD simulations were conducted to study the mixing behavior of the jets in cross-flow (JICF). A mixing apparatus with four jets was set up. Methane was used as the tracing gas and the concentration distribution was measured using an FID detector. The realizable k-ε model was found to give better predictions of the experimental data among the three k-ε models. The effects of jet incident angle θ, jet velocity to mainstream velocity ratio VR and Reynolds number on the mixing behavior were investigated. The results showed that the optimum jet incident angle was 145°. For configuration with jet incident angle smaller than 130°, increasing the velocity ratio VR in the range of 1–3 improves the mixing. When the jet incident angle is larger than 130°, the optimized range of velocity ratio VR is 1.8–2.4. The Reynolds number has insignificant effect on the spatial distribution of mixedness, indicating that the optimum design parameters obtained at low Reynolds number can be used to guide the choosing of industry operating conditions with Reynolds number as high as 3.13×105–6.26×105.
UNGASS 2016 in Comparative Perspective: Improving the Prospects for Success
Authors: Felbab-Brown Vanda , Trinkunas Harold 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAs the international community prepares for the 2016 United Nations Special Session of the General Assembly on the World Drug Problem (UNGASS 2016), the global counternarcotics regime faces profound challenges. An increasing number of countries now find the regime’s emphasis on punitive approaches to illicit drugs to be problematic and are asking for reform. However, critical players such as Russia and China remain committed to the preservation of the existing approaches. At the global level, much has changed since 1998 that undermines the previous global consensus on punitive counternarcotics strategies: illicit markets and networks have shifted; the harms and costs of drugs are unevenly distributed; and states no longer agree on what drug policies work. This moment of global disagreement, which is reflected at UNGASS 2016, provides an important opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness and problematic side-effects of existing counternarcotics policies and to emphasize evidence-based strategies. This article argues that UNGASS 2016 should inject realism into the global discussion of drug policy objectives, instead of once again setting an unattainable goal of a drug-free world. The overall goal should be to strengthen states as they cope with the costs, harms, and threats posed by drug use and drug trade, and to do so in ways that increase, not erode, their legitimacy through policies that advance human rights and strengthen the bonds between the state and their citizens.