bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring is accurate in term and near‐term infants at risk of hypoglycaemia
Authors: Wackernagel Dirk , Dube Martina , Blennow Mats , Tindberg Ylva 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimPostnatal hypoglycaemia increases the risk of adverse neurological outcomes in newborn infants, and adequate glucose control requires repetitive and painful blood sampling. This study evaluated a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) that aims to improve glucose control and decrease the frequency of blood samples taken from neonates.MethodsCGMS sensors, which measure glucose values every five minutes and require calibration twice a day, were placed on 20 infants at risk of hypoglycaemia. The infants also underwent blood glucose sampling, and the blood glucose values were compared with CGMS values six times during the first 30 minutes after sampling.ResultsWe used 97/264 (37%) of the blood glucose values taken for the CGMS calibration. The highest accuracy, a mean of 0.22 (95% confidence interval 0.13–0.30 mmol/L), was found 15–19 minutes after sampling, due to the calibration process. No significant subcutaneous glucose time lag was detectable.ConclusionThe CGMS system was an accurate and feasible method for glucose control, provided earlier detection of hypoglycaemia in newborn infants and reduced their exposure to procedural pain. The delay in calibration in infants was a new finding and needs to be taken into account when comparing CGMS readings to blood glucose values.
Review article: long‐term safety of nucleoside and nucleotide analogues in HBV‐monoinfected patients
Authors: Lampertico P. , Chan H. L. Y. , Janssen H. L. A. , Strasser S. I. , Schindler R. , Berg T. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundNucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) for chronic hepatitis B treatment achieve high rates of viral suppression and are generally well tolerated. Entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are the currently preferred first‐line agents. The safety of these agents in clinical practice is particularly relevant since long‐term treatment is usually required.AimTo summarise and critically discuss recent real‐world evidence on the safety of treatment with ETV or TDF in hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐monoinfected patients.MethodsPubMed and conference proceedings up to 15th June 2015 were searched using the terms ((((Hepatitis_B) OR HBV) AND ((tenofovir) OR entecavir)) AND (((lactic_acidosis) OR bone) OR renal)).ResultsIn selected populations included in registration studies, both ETV and TDF were well tolerated with no clinically significant renal toxicity or lactic acidosis. Growing ‘real‐world’ clinical experience with these agents includes some reports of ETV‐associated lactic acidosis and TDF‐associated renal impairment; however, evidence from cohort studies appears to be conflicting. In the case of ETV‐related lactic acidosis, a small number of cases have been reported, all in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The degree of association between TDF treatment and changes in markers of renal function varies between studies: discrepancies may result from the use of different definitions and cut‐offs for reporting renal toxicities, and differences in patient populations.ConclusionsPre‐treatment and on‐treatment monitoring of eGFR and phosphorus, with prompt appropriate dose adjustment or treatment switch can minimise the impact of NUC renal toxicity. Standardisation of measures of renal impairment and identification of early molecular markers remain an unmet need.
Review article: treatment as prevention – targeting people who inject drugs as a pathway towards hepatitis C eradication
Authors: Leask J. D. , Dillon J. F. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. HCV predominates in people who inject drugs; a group in whom anti‐viral therapy has previously been withheld on the basis of chaotic lifestyles and associated risks of reinfection. New research has emerged which suggests that by specifically targeting HCV‐infected people who inject drugs for treatment, the pool of HCV would deplete, thus reducing overall transmission and eventually leading to HCV eradication.AimTo outline the requirements for HCV eradication and review the evidence that this is achievable.MethodsExpert review of the literature.ResultsThe achievement of HCV eradication using ‘treatment as prevention’ is supported by numerous epidemiological modelling studies employing a variety of models in several contexts including people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men and prisoners. More recent studies also incorporate the newer, more efficacious direct‐acting anti‐viral drugs. These drugs have been shown to be safe and effective in people who inject drugs in clinical trials. There is no empirical evidence of the impact of treatment as prevention strategies on population prevalence.ConclusionsThis review highlights the efforts to control HCV and evaluates the possibilities of achieving eradication of HCV. Currently, the technologies required to achieve HCV eradication exist, but the infrastructure to deliver them is not generally available or of insufficient scale outside of specific areas. Such areas are yet to demonstrate that elimination is possible, but results of studies in these areas are awaited. Such a demonstration would be proof of principle for eradication. Although we are aspiring towards HCV eradication, elimination is the more realistic prospect.
A literature review on the pharmacological sensitivity of human evoked hyperalgesia pain models
Authors: van Amerongen Guido , de Boer Matthijs W. , Groeneveld Geert Jan , Hay Justin L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsHuman evoked pain models can be used to determine the efficacy of new and existing analgesics and to aid in the identification of new targets. Aspects of neuropathic pain can be simulated by inducing hyperalgesia resulting from provoked sensitization. The present literature review aimed to provide insight into the sensitivity of different hyperalgesia and allodynia models of pharmacological treatment.MethodsA literature search was performed to identify randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies that included human hyperalgesia pain models and investigated the pharmacodynamic effects of different classes of drugs.ResultsThree hyperalgesia models [ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, capsaicin and thermode burn] have been used extensively. Assessment of hyperalgesia/allodynia and pharmacological effect are measured using challenge tests, which generally comprise thermal (heat/cold) or mechanical stimulation (pin‐prick, stroking or impact). The UVB model was sensitive to the antihyperalgesic effects of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids. The capsaicin model was partially sensitive to opioids. The burn model did not detect any antihyperalgesic effects when NSAIDs or local anaesthetics were administered but responded to the effects of N‐methyl D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists by moderately reducing mechanical hyperalgesia.ConclusionsBased on pharmacological sensitivity, the UVB model adequately reflects inflammatory pain and was sensitive to NSAIDs and opioids. Findings from the capsaicin and burn models raised questions about the translatability of these models to the treatment of neuropathic pain. There is a need for a reproducible and predictive model of neuropathic pain, either in healthy subjects or in patients.
Illegitimate RAG-mediated recombination events are involved inIKZF1Δ3–6 deletion inBCR-ABL1lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Dong Y , Liu F , Wu C , Li S , Zhao X , Zhang P , Jiao J , Yu X , Ji Y , Zhang M 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBreakpoint cluster region-Abelson murine leukaemia viral oncogene homologue 1 (BCR–ABL1), encoded by the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, is the characteristic of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and a subset of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). We demonstrated that expression of the Ik6 transcript, which lacked exons 3–6, was observed exclusively in BCR–ABL1+B ALL and lymphoid blast crisis CML (BC–CML) patients harbouring the IKZF1 Δ3–6 deletion. To confirm the hypothesis that illegitimate recombination activating gene protein (RAG)-mediated recombination events are involved in IKZF1 Δ3–6 deletion in BCR–ABL1 lymphoblastic leukaemia, we first demonstrated that the expression rates of RAG1 and RAG2, collectively called RAG, were higher in ALL and BC–CML (lymphoid). Notably, analysis of relationships among RAG, BCR–ABL1 and Ikaros 6 (Ik6) showed that Ik6 can be generated only if RAG and BCR–ABL1 are co-existing. The sequencing data showed that the deleted segments of introns 2 and 6 contained cryptic recombination signal sequences (cRSSs) and frequently had non-template nucleotides inserted between breakpoints. Furthermore, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) technology and demonstrated that the sequences directly flanking IKZF1 Δ3–6 deletion breakpoints have significantly higher levels of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) modifications. Overall, RAG expression, good-quality cRSS and a specific chromatin modification, H3K4me3, satisfy the conditions of RAG's off-target effects on IKZF1. Our work provides evidence for RAG-mediated IKZF1 Δ3–6 deletion. Our results raise the prospect that RAG is a valuable biomarker in disease surveillance. Dissecting the contribution of RAG should not only provide valuable mechanistic insights, but will also lead to a new therapeutic direction.
Muscle‐Based Control for Character Animation
Authors: Cruz Ruiz A.L. , Pontonnier C. , Pronost N. , Dumont G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMuscle‐based control is transforming the field of physics‐based character animation through the integration of knowledge from neuroscience, biomechanics and robotics, which enhance motion realism. Since any physics‐based animation system can be extended to a muscle‐actuated system, the possibilities of growth are tremendous. However, modelling muscles and their control remains a difficult challenge. We present an organized review of over a decade of research in muscle‐based control for character animation, its fundamental concepts and future directions for development. The core of this review contains a classification of control methods, tables summarizing their key aspects and popular neuromuscular functions used within these controllers, all with the purpose of providing the reader with an overview of the field.
Experimental conical‐head abutment screws on the microbial leakage through the implant‐abutment interface: an in vitro analysis using target‐specific DNA probes
Authors: Pita Murillo S. , do Nascimento Cássio , dos Santos Carla G. P. , Pires Isabela M. , Pedrazzi Vinícius 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this in vitro study was to identify and quantify up to 38 microbial species from human saliva penetrating through the implant‐abutment interface in two different implant connections, external hexagon and tri‐channel internal connection, both with conventional flat‐head or experimental conical‐head abutment screws.Material and methodsForty‐eight two‐part implants with external hexagon (EH; n = 24) or tri‐channel internal (TI; n = 24) connections were investigated. Abutments were attached to implants with conventional flat‐head or experimental conical‐head screws. After saliva incubation, Checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization was used to identify and quantify up to 38 bacterial colonizing the internal parts of the implants. Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Bonferroni's post‐tests for multiple comparisons was used for statistical analysis.ResultsTwenty‐four of thirty‐eight species, including putative periodontal pathogens, were found colonizing the inner surfaces of both EH and TI implants. Peptostreptococcus anaerobios (P = 0.003), Prevotella melaninogenica (P < 0.0001), and Candida dubliniensis (P < 0.0001) presented significant differences between different groups. Means of total microbial count (×104, ±SD) for each group were recorded as follows: G1 (0.27 ± 2.04), G2 (0 ± 0), G3 (1.81 ± 7.50), and G4 (0.35 ± 1.81).ConclusionsDifferences in the geometry of implant connections and abutment screws have impacted the microbial leakage through the implant‐abutment interface. Implants attached with experimental conical‐head abutment screws showed lower counts of microorganisms when compared with conventional flat‐head screws.
Using historical ecology to reassess the conservation status of coniferous forests in Central Europe
Authors: Szabó Péter , Kuneš Petr , Svobodová‐Svitavská Helena , Švarcová Markéta Gabriela , Křížová Lucie , Suchánková Silvie , Müllerová Jana , Hédl Radim 
Published: May 2016

AbstractForests cover approximately one‐third of Central Europe. Oak (Quercus) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) are considered the natural dominants at low and middle elevations, respectively. Many coniferous forests (especially of Picea abies) occur primarily at midelevations, but these are thought to have resulted from forestry plantations planted over the past 200 years. Nature conservation and forestry policy seek to promote broadleaved trees over conifers. However, there are discrepancies between conservation guidelines (included in Natura 2000) and historical and palaeoecological data with regard to the distribution of conifers. Our aim was to bring new evidence to the debate on the conservation of conifers versus broadleaved trees at midelevations in Central Europe. We created a vegetation and land‐cover model based on pollen data for a highland area of 11,300 km2 in the Czech Republic and assessed tree species composition in the forests before the onset of modern forestry based on 18th‐century archival sources. Conifers dominated the study region throughout the entire Holocene (approximately 40–60% of the area). Broadleaved trees were present in a much smaller area than envisaged by current ideas of natural vegetation. Rather than casting doubt on the principles of Central European nature conservation in general, our results highlight the necessity of detailed regional investigations and the importance of historical data in challenging established notions on the natural distribution of tree species.
Acetophenone azine: a new allergen responsible for severe contact dermatitis from shin pads
Authors: Raison‐Peyron Nadia , Bergendorff Ola , Bourrain Jean Luc , Bruze Magnus 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundContact dermatitis resulting from the use of shin pads is usually caused by rubber components, dyes, benzoyl peroxide, or formaldehyde resins.ObjectivesTo investigate and identify a new allergen in shin pads that was responsible for severe contact dermatitis in a young football player.MethodsHigh‐performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC) of samples of shin pads was performed. The boy was patch tested with pieces of shin pads and with acetophenone azine, a chemical substance identified by HPLC in the foam of the shin pads.ResultsHPLC identified acetophenone azine at concentrations of approximately 20 µg/g of shin pad samples. Patch tests gave strongly positive reactions to pieces of shin pads and to acetophenone azine down to 0.001% in acetone, whereas acetophenone and hydrazine sulfate were both negative. Twenty controls were negative for acetophenone azine 0.01% in acetone.ConclusionsAcetophenone azine is a new, strong allergen of shin pads, and more generally of other sport equipment based on ethylene vinyl acetate. It may be used as a biocide, but this has to be confirmed. Further investigations are needed to understand factors such as exposure, cross‐reaction patterns, metabolism, and the optimal patch test preparation.
ESSCA results with the baseline series, 2002–2012: p‐phenylenediamine
Authors: Schuttelaar Marie‐Louise A. , Vogel Tatiana A. , Rui Francesca , Kręcisz Beata , Chomiczewska‐Skora Dorota , Kieć‐Świerczyńska Marta , Uter Wolfgang , Larese Filon Francesca 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis caused by p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) is common among all age groups and both sexes. Monitoring of prevalence and intensity of sensitization is important.ObjectiveTo evaluate contact allergy to PPD in Europe, and to compare reaction intensities in different European regions.MethodsData collected by the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA) network between 2002 and 2012 from 12 European countries were analysed regarding prevalence, grading of positive reactions to PPD, and relevance.ResultsA total of 99 926 PPD‐positive patients from 63 departments were included for analysis. The overall (2002–2012) prevalence of PPD sensitization in Europe is ∼4%. Stratified for country, the highest overall standardized prevalence was found in Lithuania, and the lowest in Slovenia. The prevalence of PPD sensitization did not decline over the years. In the southern European countries, higher numbers of strong and extremely strong reactions were registered. The clinical relevance of PPD sensitization varied from half to three‐quarters.ConclusionThe prevalence of PPD sensitization has not changed over time. Strong and extremely strong patch test reactions are seen more often in the South, probably because of the higher number of PPD‐containing hair dye products.
Coping power for preschool‐aged children: a pilot randomized control trial study
Authors: Muratori Pietro , Giuli Consuelo , Bertacchi Iacopo , Orsolini Lara , Ruglioni Laura , Lochman John E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimPreschoolers with behavioural difficulties, both at clinical and sub‐clinical levels, are at higher risk for several negative outcomes. The current paper reports the results from a randomized clinical trial evaluating an adaptation of the Coping Power for preschool‐aged children. In the present study, Coping Power is adapted as a universal prevention intervention, in which teachers deliver a curriculum that is designed to improve children's social competence and reduce problem behaviours.MethodsTen nursery school classes (164 children, mean age 54.40 months) from two Italian schools were randomly assigned to Coping Power or to the control group, which received the standard academic curriculum provided in Italian nursery schools. Teachers in the five intervention classes implemented weekly lessons and extension activities over a 6‐month period. Teacher and parent reports of child behaviour assessments were collected at the beginning and end of the school year. At each assessment period, teachers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.ResultsThe findings suggest that after exposure to Coping Power, intervention children showed lower levels of behavioural difficulties, rated both by parents and teachers.ConclusionsThe results of this study are promising and can be interpreted as providing initial support for the efficacy of the preschool version of Coping Power.
Activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase in B‐cell and plasma cell subsets of monoclonal gammopathy patients and healthy donors
Authors: Všianská Pavla , Bezděková Renata , Kryukov Fedor , Almáši Martina , Pour Luděk , Penka Miroslav , Hájek Roman , Říhová Lucie 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundAldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is highly active in physiological stem cells as well as in tumor‐initiating cells of some malignancies including multiple myeloma (MM). Finding higher activity of ALDH in some cell subsets in monoclonal gammopathies (MG) could identify potential source of myeloma‐initiating cells (MICs).MethodsBone marrow of 12 MM, 9 monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and 10 healthy donors (HD) were analyzed by flow cytometry. ALDH activity of B‐cells and plasma cells (PC) was analyzed using Aldefluor.ResultsSimilar changes of ALDH activity were found during B‐cell development in HD and MG. Decreasing of ALDH activity from immature to naïve B‐cells was found. In postgerminal stages, the activity started to increase, and in PCs, the ALDH activity was the same as in immature B‐cells. Increased ALDH activity of all PC subsets compared to naïve B‐cells was found in MM as well as in HD, while in MGUS, only CD19−PCs have higher ALDH activity. In HD, ALDH activity was higher in CD19+PCs compared with MG.ConclusionsOur results indicate that changes of ALDH activity are the natural phenomenon in B‐cell development; thus, high ALDH activity as a single marker is not appropriate for MICs identification.
Patient‐tailored analysis of minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Malmberg Erik B.R. , Ståhlman Sara , Rehammar Anna , Samuelsson Tore , Alm Sofie J. , Kristiansson Erik , Abrahamsson Jonas , Garelius Hege , Pettersson Louise , Ehinger Mats , Palmqvist Lars , Fogelstrand Linda 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing techniques have revealed that leukemic cells in acute myeloid leukemia often are characterized by a limited number of somatic mutations. These mutations can be the basis for the detection of leukemic cells in follow‐up samples. The aim of this study was to identify leukemia‐specific mutations in cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia and to use these mutations as markers for minimal residual disease. Leukemic cells and normal lymphocytes were simultaneously isolated at diagnosis from 17 patients with acute myeloid leukemia using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. Exome sequencing of these cells identified 240 leukemia‐specific single nucleotide variations and 22 small insertions and deletions. Based on estimated allele frequencies and their accuracies, 191 of these mutations qualified as candidates for minimal residual disease analysis. Targeted deep sequencing with a significance threshold of 0.027% for single nucleotide variations and 0.006% for NPM1 type A mutation was developed for quantification of minimal residual disease. When tested on follow‐up samples from a patient with acute myeloid leukemia, targeted deep sequencing of single nucleotide variations as well as NPM1 was more sensitive than minimal residual disease quantification with multiparameter flow cytometry. In conclusion, we here describe how exome sequencing can be used for identification of leukemia‐specific mutations in samples already at diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. We also show that targeted deep sequencing of such mutations, including single nucleotide variations, can be used for high‐sensitivity quantification of minimal residual disease in a patient‐tailored manner.