bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to violence and mental health of adolescents: South
African Health and Well-being Study
Authors: Stansfeld Stephen A. , Rothon Catherine , Das-Munshi Jayati , Mathews Cathy , Adams Arlene , Clark Charlotte , Lund Crick 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundMaterial and social environmental stressors affect mental health in
adolescence. Protective factors such as social support from family and
friends may help to buffer the effects of adversity.AimsThe association of violence exposure and emotional disorders was examined
in Cape Town adolescents.MethodA total of 1034 Grade 8 high school students participated from seven
government co-educational schools in Cape Town, South Africa. Exposure to
violence in the past 12 months and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
symptoms were measured by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, depressive
and anxiety symptoms by the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire and
the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.ResultsExposure to violence was associated with high scores on depressive (odds
ratio (OR)=6.23, 95% CI 4.2–9.2), anxiety (OR=5.40, 95% CI 2.4–12.4) and
PTSD symptoms (OR=8.93, 95% CI 2.9–27.2) and increased risk of self-harm
(OR=5.72, 95% CI 1.2–25.9) adjusting for gender and social support.ConclusionsWe found that high exposure to violence was associated with high levels
of emotional disorders in adolescents that was not buffered by social
support. There is an urgent need for interventions to reduce exposure to
violence in young people in this setting.
Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Clinical Trial of Anti–T-Lymphocyte Globulin to Assess Impact on Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease–Free Survival in Patients Undergoing HLA-Matched Unrelated Myeloablative Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Soiffer Robert J. , Kim Haesook T. , McGuirk Joseph , Horwitz Mitchell E. , Johnston Laura , Patnaik Mrinal M. , Rybka Witold , Artz Andrew , Porter David L. , Shea Thomas C. , Boyer Michael W. , Maziarz Richard T. , Shaughnessy Paul J. , Gergis Usama , Safah Hana , Reshef Ran , DiPersio John F. , Stiff Patrick J. , Vusirikala Madhuri , Szer Jeff , Holter Jennifer , Levine James D. , Martin Paul J. , Pidala Joseph A. , Lewis Ian D. , Ho Vincent T. , Alyea Edwin P. , Ritz Jerome , Glavin Frank , Westervelt Peter , Jagasia Madan H. , Chen Yi-Bin 
Published: October 2017

Purpose Several open-label randomized studies have suggested that in vivo T-cell depletion with anti–T-lymphocyte globulin (ATLG; formerly antithymocyte globulin-Fresenius) reduces chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) without compromising survival. We report a prospective, double-blind phase III trial to investigate the effect of ATLG (Neovii Biotech, Lexington, MA) on cGVHD-free survival. Patients and Methods Two hundred fifty-four patients 18 to 65 years of age with acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome who underwent myeloablative HLA-matched unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) were randomly assigned one to one to placebo (n =128 placebo) or ATLG (n = 126) treatment at 27 sites. Patients received either ATLG or placebo 20 mg/kg per day on days −3, −2, −1 in addition to tacrolimus and methotrexate as GVHD prophylaxis. The primary study end point was moderate-severe cGVHD-free survival. Results Despite a reduction in grade 2 to 4 acute GVHD (23% v 40%; P = .004) and moderate-severe cGVHD (12% v 33%; P < .001) in ATLG recipients, no difference in moderate-severe cGVHD-free survival between ATLG and placebo was found (2-year estimate: 48% v 44%, respectively; P = .47). Both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were lower with ATLG (2-year estimate: 47% v 65% [ P = .04] and 59% v 74% [ P = .034], respectively). Multivariable analysis confirmed that ATLG was associated with inferior PFS (hazard ratio, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.28; P = .026) and OS (hazard ratio, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.12 to 2.71; P = .01). Conclusion In this prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of ATLG in unrelated myeloablative HCT, the incorporation of ATLG did not improve moderate-severe cGVHD-free survival. Moderate-severe cGVHD was significantly lower with ATLG, but PFS and OS also were lower. Additional analyses are needed to understand the appropriate role for ATLG in HCT.
“We Are Not Expected”
Authors: Jourian T.J. , Simmons Symone L. , Devaney Kara C. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Despite slowly expanding literature on trans* students in higher education, there is virtually nothing examining the lived experiences, identity processes, and needs of trans* educators in higher education and student affairs. This awareness led to the inaugural T* Circle dialogue in March 2014 among nine diverse trans* educators, moderated by a cisgender facilitator, to make visible and begin to fill this gap. The manuscript describes the trans*formative participatory process of designing and implementing this unique program, key themes from the dialogue and postdialogue reflections, and an expressed intention to trans*form higher education through future collaborations and projects.
There's No T in Fair?
Authors: Romesburg Don 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The Committee on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender History's scholarly Making the Framework FAIR report (2014) recommends substantial revisions to California's K–12 History–Social Science Framework in order to bring it into compliance with the FAIR Education Act. The law, passed in 2011, mandates inclusion of the roles and contributions of LGBT Americans and people with disabilities in the state's primary and secondary school US history education. To date, efforts to get state agencies, school districts, and educators to fully implement the FAIR Education Act have been insufficient, particularly in relation to transgender history. As the state undergoes History–Social Science Framework revision, it should adopt the transgender-inclusive changes suggested by Making the Framework FAIR report for grades two, four, five, eight, and eleven. This represents a golden opportunity to create comprehensive and lasting change across elementary, middle, and high school, in California and beyond.
Queers and the Issue of “Priority”
Authors: Tanaka Ray 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article examines the issue of priority that is implicit in discussions of domestic violence in Japan. Inspired by the author's experience at a feminist symposium, this article discusses the implicit prioritization of heterosexual women that occurs in feminist discussions of domestic violence. Making use of their own experiences, the author argues that domestic violence is an issue that all individuals may face, including queer individuals. Heterosexuality as a social default must be questioned, and the author remains hopeful that feminists of all sexualities and genders may be able to work together and prevent social exclusion.
Increased Plasma Ferritin Concentration and Low-Grade Inflammation—A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Moen Ingrid W , Bergholdt Helle K M , Mandrup-Poulsen Thomas , Nordestgaard Børge G , Ellervik Christina 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
It is unknown why increased plasma ferritin concentration predicts all-cause mortality. As low-grade inflammation and increased plasma ferritin concentration are associated with all-cause mortality, we hypothesized that increased plasma ferritin concentration is genetically associated with low-grade inflammation.

METHODS
We investigated whether increased plasma ferritin concentration is associated with low-grade inflammation [i.e., increased concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and complement component 3 (C3)] in 62537 individuals from the Danish general population. We also applied a Mendelian randomization approach, using the hemochromatosis genotype C282Y/C282Y as an instrument for increased plasma ferritin concentration, to assess causality.

RESULTS
For a doubling in plasma ferritin concentration, the odds ratio (95% CI) for CRP ≥2 vs &lt;2 mg/L was 1.12 (1.09–1.16), with a corresponding genetic estimate for C282Y/C282Y of 1.03 (1.01–1.06). For a doubling in plasma ferritin concentration, odds ratio (95% CI) for complement C3 &gt;1.04 vs ≤1.04 g/L was 1.28 (1.21–1.35), and the corresponding genetic estimate for C282Y/C282Y was 1.06 (1.03–1.12). Mediation analyses showed that 74% (95% CI, 24–123) of the association of C282Y/C282Y with risk of increased CRP and 56% (17%–96%) of the association of C282Y/C282Y with risk of increased complement C3 were mediated through plasma ferritin concentration.

CONCLUSIONS
Increased plasma ferritin concentration as a marker of increased iron concentration is associated observationally and genetically with low-grade inflammation, possibly indicating a causal relationship from increased ferritin to inflammation. However, as HFE may also play an immunological role indicating pleiotropy and as incomplete penetrance of C282Y/C282Y indicates buffering mechanisms, these weaknesses in the study design could bias the genetic estimates.
Ethnodramatherapy applied in a project focusing on relationships in the lives of adults with developmental disabilities, especially romance, intimacy and sexuality
Authors: Snow Stephen , D’Amico Miranda , Mongerson Eric , Anthony Elizabeth , Rozenberg Mira , Opolko Christina , Anandampillai Shyam 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article reviews a six-month, collaborative, research project, sponsored by the Centre for the Arts in Human Development at Concordia University. The study investigated how ethnodramatherapy (EDT), a new method that integrates ethnodrama with drama therapy, could help adults with developmental disabilities (DD) to explore their lived experience of human relationships, including intimacy, romance and sexuality. EDT was used to create performance-based research on relationships, while also providing a supportive and therapeutic experience to group members. Results demonstrated the empowering effects of the participants expressing their authentic voice. Responses of the audience to a post-performance questionnaire were also analysed.
A Competitive Optimal Stopping Game
Authors: Whitmeyer Mark 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper explores a multi-player game of optimal stopping over a finite time horizon. A player wins by retaining a higher value than her competitors do, from a series of independent draws. In our game, a cutoff strategy is optimal, we derive its form, and we show that there is a unique Bayesian Nash Equilibrium in symmetric cutoff strategies. We establish results concerning the cutoff value in its limit and expose techniques, in particular, use of the Budan-Fourier Theorem, that may be useful in other similar problems.
Structure and function of the human parvulins Pin1 and Par14/17
Authors: Matena Anja , Rehic Edisa , Hönig Dana , Kamba Bianca , Bayer Peter 
Published: October 2017

AbstractParvulins belong to the family of peptidyl-prolylcis/transisomerases (PPIases) assisting in protein folding and in regulating the function of a broad variety of proteins in all branches of life. The human representatives Pin1 and Par14/17 are directly involved in processes influencing cellular maintenance and cell fate decisions such as cell-cycle progression, metabolic pathways and ribosome biogenesis. This review on human parvulins summarizes the current knowledge of these enzymes and intends to oppose the well-studied Pin1 to its less well-examined homolog human Par14/17 with respect to structure, catalytic and cellular function.
Evaluation of oral multi-herbal preparation of Dashmoolarishta on mice model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Shetty Yashashri C. , Godbharle Santosh , Brahma Smita , Salgaonkar Sweta , Rege Nirmala N. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic progressive disease commonly affecting the hip and knee joints. Although synthetic drugs are available and afford symptomatic relief, their side effects pose limitations to their continuous use. So, this research was focused on extracting drugs from indigenous medicinal plants that could have a beneficial effect on osteoarthritis. Dashmoolarishta is one such preparation whose effects have never been studied in comparison with recent drugs like hyaluronic acid (HA), hence this particular study was undertaken. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Dashmoolarishta compared with HA on joint pathology and pain behavior in monosodiumiodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA in experimental mice.

Methods:
The study was initiated after obtaining permission from the Animal Ethics Committee. This study was based on the MIA model of osteoarthritis, with mice being divided into five groups viz.: disease control (DC), Dasahmoolarishta high dose (HD) and low dose (LD), sham control (SC) and HA. The OA of the knee joint was induced in these mice using monosodiumiodoacetate. Seven days after induction, animals were subjected to weekly behavioral tests, daily oral Dashmoolarishta, and biweekly HA administration from weeks 2–4. At the end of the 4th week, histopathological examination of the knee joints was done.

Results:
DC showed significant osteoarthritic changes. At week 4, the behavioral tests and histopathology results of all groups were found to be significant. A significant difference (p<0.05) was found between DC vs. SC, HA, HD, LD for open field test, Rota rod test, knee joint diameter, and Cat walk test. Dashmoolarishta HD and LD showed significant improvement in pain, as assessed by behavioral tests (p<0.05) and pathology, as assessed by knee joint histopathology (p<0.05).

Conclusions:
Oral Dashmoolarishta showed reduction in pain and disease activity in MIA-induced osteoarthritis in mice model.
Modified and Optimized Method for Segmenting Pulmonary Parenchyma in CT Lung Images, Based on Fractional Calculus and Natural Selection
Authors: Kumar S. Pramod , Latte Mrityunjaya V. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Computer-aided diagnosis of lung segmentation is the fundamental requirement to diagnose lung diseases. In this paper, a two-dimensional (2D) Otsu algorithm by Darwinian particle swarm optimization (DPSO) and fractional-order Darwinian particle swarm optimization (FODPSO) is proposed to segment the pulmonary parenchyma from the lung image obtained through computed tomography (CT) scans. The proposed method extracts pulmonary parenchyma from multi-sliced CT. This is a preprocessing step to identify pulmonary diseases such as emphysema, tumor, and lung cancer. Image segmentation plays a significant role in automated pulmonary disease diagnosis. In traditional 2D Otsu, exhaustive search plays an important role in image segmentation. However, the main disadvantage of the 2D Otsu method is its complex computation and processing time. In this paper, the 2D Otsu method optimized by DPSO and FODPSO is developed to reduce complex computations and time. The efficient segmentation is very important in object classification and detection. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is widely used to speed up the computation and maintain the same efficiency. In the proposed algorithm, the limitation of PSO of getting trapped in local optimum solutions is overcome. The segmentation technique is assessed and equated with the traditional 2D Otsu method. The test results demonstrate that the proposed strategy gives better results. The algorithm is tested on the Lung Image Database Consortium image collections.
Effects of 1-year growth hormone replacement therapy on thyroid volume and function of the children and adolescents with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Keskin Meliksah , Bayramoglu Elvan , Aycan Zehra 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground:There are different opinions about the effects of growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) on thyroid function and volume. This study aimed to assess the effects of GHRT on thyroid volume and function in the children and adolescents with growth hormone (GH) deficiency.Methods:A total of 29 patients diagnosed with GH deficiency were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 29 cases matched for age, gender and pubertal period with the patients. Thyroid function tests and insulin-like growth factor levels were measured, simultaneously thyroid volumes were assessed by ultrasonography at the initiation period and at the end of GHRT.Results:Thyroid volumes of the patient group was −0.55±1.1 standard deviations (SDs) initially; whereas at the end of 1 year it was found to be −0.29±1.29 SDs and both SDs of thyroid volumes did not differ significantly. The SDs of thyroid volume of the control group was −0.85±1.03 SDs initially and −0.72±0.85 SDs at the end of 1 year; and they did not differ significantly. On the other hand, after GHRT of 1 year, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4) levels decreased.Conclusions:It was observed that SDs of thyroid gland volumes did not change in GH deficient children and adolescents after GHRT.
Achieving pattern uniformity in plasmonic lithography by spatial frequency selection
Authors: Liang Gaofeng , Chen Xi , Zhao Qing , Guo L. Jay 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The effects of the surface roughness of thin films and defects on photomasks are investigated in two representative plasmonic lithography systems: thin silver film-based superlens and multilayer-based hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM). Superlens can replicate arbitrary patterns because of its broad evanescent wave passband, which also makes it inherently vulnerable to the roughness of the thin film and imperfections of the mask. On the other hand, the HMM system has spatial frequency filtering characteristics and its pattern formation is based on interference, producing uniform and stable periodic patterns. In this work, we show that the HMM system is more immune to such imperfections due to its function of spatial frequency selection. The analyses are further verified by an interference lithography system incorporating the photoresist layer as an optical waveguide to improve the aspect ratio of the pattern. It is concluded that a system capable of spatial frequency selection is a powerful method to produce deep-subwavelength periodic patterns with high degree of uniformity and fidelity.
Studies to optimize the process of biofuel production from castor stalk
Authors: Kotia Vasudha , Vijayaraghavan Rangananthan , Rangaswamy Vidhya , Aduri Pavankumar , Noronha Santosh B. , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Patti Antonio F. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a rich source of cellulose and one of the most promising raw materials for the production of biofuels and other value added chemicals. However, its high lignin content and complex cellular structure represent a significant processing challenge. In this work, the effect of pretreatment using [EMIM][Ac] was studied at various process parameters in order to develop a cost-effective process. In order to minimize the loss of sugars in this process bulk of the solids, comprising both regenerated cellulose and undissolved particles were subjected to the enzymatic hydrolysis. Up to 96% enzymatic digestibility was achieved, even with relatively coarse particle sizes (0.6–1.0 mm range), at 10% biomass loading. The enhanced digestibility of CS is attributed to reduction in lignin content, crystallinity of the cellulose coupled with an increase in surface area.
Three-dimensional viscoelastic numerical analysis of the effects of gas flow on L-profiled polymers in gas-assisted coextrusion
Authors: Deng Xiaozhen , Liu Hesheng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this study, polymer gas-assisted coextrusion experiments were performed. The influence of a traditional coextrusion flow zone on the gas groove and the relationship between the gas pressure and the melt flow rate were studied. To determine the effects of the gas flow on gas-assisted coextrusion, a three-dimensional simulation was developed in which the gas layer was considered as an independent flow zone. The influence of the gas pressure, gas layer thickness and melt flow rate on the melts’ profile and the deflection deformation degree (DDD) was studied, and the relationship between the gas pressure, gas layer thickness and melt flow rate was obtained. The numerical results indicated that a traditional coextrusion flow zone in front of a gas-assisted coextrusion flow zone could allow products to avoid a gas groove. The quality of the products could be improved by decreasing the gas pressure and gas layer thickness or increasing the melt flow rate. Additionally, the minimum gas pressure decreased as the gas layer thickness increased and increased as the melt flow rate increased. The numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental results, despite a slight quantitative error. Therefore, reasonably controlling the gas flow condition is key in practical applications of gas-assisted coextrusion, and the effects of the gas layer should be considered in gas-assisted coextrusion simulations.
Process control strategies for injection molding processes with changing raw material viscosity
Authors: Hopmann Christian , Heinisch Julian 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The ultimate goal of process control in injection molding is to achieve a reproducible part quality despite changing boundary conditions and disturbances. Especially, changing material viscosities have a considerable impact on part quality and are often inevitable. This study starts with a brief review of the state of the art in injection molding control strategies with regards to melt viscosity. The requirement for a process control strategy with a direct feedback to part quality adapting to the current process viscosity and using in-mold data is derived. In this paper, a fuzzy controller using a pressure loss measurement is implemented for a cycle-to-cycle control of injection velocity based on the current melt viscosity. Depending on the conditions, the controller enables to realize a set point jump in viscosity after approximately six injection molding cycles. To improve control performance and to realize an online closed-loop control in the injection phase, the system behavior of a mold using pressure sensors in the hot runner manifold to obtain a viscosity equivalent indicator is analyzed. The mold in combination with a fuzzy controller using injection velocity and hot runner temperature as actuating variables provide a sound basis for viscosity control in injection molding.
Structural, optical, and aging studies of biocompatible PVC-PVP blend films
Authors: Bhavsar Vaishali , Tripathi Deepti 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In the present communication, an attempt is made to prepare and study the structural, optical, and aging properties of polyvinylchloride (PVC)-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) blend films for their probable applications as biodegradable/biocompatible materials in biomedical and optoelectronics fields. The surface properties such as contact angles and surface free energies of films are measured to investigate the interaction of polymer films with water. These measurements reveal that on increasing the weight percentage concentration of PVP in PVC, the hydrophilicity of the films increases. The surface free energy was found to increase with increasing concentration of PVP in PVC, which indicates that these films tend to adsorb more moisture from the atmosphere and, thereby, will have a tendency to age faster. The Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of blend films indicate a significant change in the intermolecular/intramolecular interactions taking place. The UV-visible (VIS) absorption spectra clearly reveal that blend films absorb UV radiations appreciably compared to visible light. The optical band gap, Urbach energy, and the carbonaceous cluster size were estimated from the absorption spectra.