bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA palette code for time-series archival data storage
Authors: Yan Zihui , Zhang Haoran , Lu Boyuan , Han Tong , Tong Xiaoguang , Yuan Yingjin 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
The long-term preservation of large volumes of infrequently accessed cold data poses challenges to the storage community. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is considered a promising solution due to its inherent physical stability and significant storage density. The information density and decoding sequence coverage are two important metrics that influence the efficiency of DNA data storage. In this study, we propose a novel coding scheme called the DNA palette code, which is suitable for cold data, especially time-series archival datasets. These datasets are not frequently accessed, but require reliable long-term storage for retrospective research. The DNA palette code employs unordered combinations of index-free oligonucleotides to represent binary information. It can achieve high net information density encoding and lossless decoding with low sequencing coverage. When sequencing reads are corrupted, it can still effectively recover partial information, preventing the complete failure of file retrieval. The in vitro testing of clinical brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data storage, as well as simulation validations using large-scale public MRI datasets (10 GB), planetary science datasets and meteorological datasets, demonstrates the advantages of our coding scheme, including high net information density, low decoding sequence coverage and wide applicability.
Infections Following Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Sheth Radhika , Bhaskara Apoorva , Brown Haley , Varley Cara D , Streifel Amber , Maier Marissa , Sikka Monica K , Evans Christopher 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We describe the epidemiology and incidence of infections following gender-affirming vaginoplasty. Urinary tract and surgical site infections were the most common infections with incidences of 17.5% and 5.5%, respectively. We also identified a significant gap in human immunodeficiency virus screening and prescription of preexposure prophylaxis.
Ion-induced cloud modulation through new particle formation and runaway cloud condensation nuclei production
Authors: Chandrakar Kamal Kant , Cantrell Will , Shaw Raymond A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cloud formation in the Pi Convection–Cloud Chamber is achieved via ionization in humid conditions, without the injection of aerosol particles to serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Abundant ions, turbulence, and supersaturated water vapor combine to produce new particles, which grow to become CCN sized and eventually are activated to form clouds. Coupling between the new particle formation and cloud droplets causes predator-prey type oscillations in aerosol and droplet concentrations under turbulent conditions. Leading terms are identified in the budgets for Aitken and accumulation mode aerosols and for cloud droplets. The cloud coupling is proposed to be a result of cloud-induced runaway CCN production through aerosol scavenging. The experiments suggest potential applications to marine cloud brightening, in which ions rather than sea-salt aerosols are generated.
Low abundances of TiO and VO on the dayside of KELT-9 b: Insights from ground-based photometric observations
Authors: Hayashi Yuya , Narita Norio , Fukui Akihiko , Changeat Quentin , Kawauchi Kiyoe , Ikuta Kai , Palle Enric , Murgas Felipe , Parviainen Hannu , Esparza-Borges Emma , Peláez-Torres Alberto , Meni Gallardo Pedro Pablo , Morello Giuseppe , Fernández-Rodríguez Gareb , Abreu García Néstor , Muñoz Torres Sara , Calatayud Borrás Yéssica , Montañés Rodríguez Pilar , Livingston John H , Watanabe Noriharu , de Leon Jerome P , Kawai Yugo , Isogai Keisuke , Mori Mayuko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present ground-based photometric observations of secondary eclipses of the hottest known planet KELT-9 b using MuSCAT2 and Sinistro. We detect secondary eclipse signals in i and $z_{\rm s}$ with eclipse depths of $373^{+74}_{-75}$ and $638^{+199}_{-178}$ parts per million, respectively. We perform an atmospheric retrieval on the emission spectrum combined with the data from HST/WFC3, Spitzer, TESS, and CHEOPS to obtain the temperature profile and chemical abundances, including TiO and VO, which have been thought to produce temperature inversion structures in the dayside of ultra-hot Jupiters. While we confirm a strong temperature inversion structure, we find low abundances of TiO and VO with mixing ratios of $\rm {log(TiO)}=-7.80^{+0.15}_{-0.30}$ and $\rm {log(VO)}=-9.60^{+0.64}_{-0.57}$, respectively. The low abundances of TiO and VO are consistent with theoretical predictions for such an ultra-hot atmosphere. In such low abundances, TiO and VO have little effect on the temperature structure of the atmosphere. The abundance of ${\rm e}^{-}$, which serves as a proxy for ${\rm H}^{-}$ ions in this study, is found to be high, with $\rm {log(e^-)}=-4.89\pm {0.06}$. These results indicate that the temperature inversion in KELT-9 b’s dayside atmosphere is likely not caused by ${\rm TiO/VO}$, but rather by the significant abundance of ${\rm H}^{-}$ ions. The best-fitting model cannot fully explain the observed spectrum, and chemical species not included in the retrieval may introduce modeling biases. Future observations with broader wavelength coverage and higher spectral resolution are expected to provide more accurate diagnostics on the presence and abundances of ${\rm TiO/VO}$. These advanced observations will overcome the limitations of current data from HST and photometric facilities, which are constrained by narrow wavelength coverage and instrumental systematics.
CYP7B1 deficiency impairs myeloid cell activation in autoimmune disease of the central nervous system
Authors: Song Huanhuan , Lv Aowei , Zhu Zhibao , Li Runyun , Zhao Qiuping , Yu Xintong , Jiang Junyi , Lin Xiang , Zhang Cunjin , Li Rui , Yan Yaping , Chen Wanjin , Wang Ning , Fu Ying 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism underlies neurodegenerative disease and is increasingly implicated in neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1 (CYP7B1) is a key enzyme in alternative cholesterol metabolism. A recessive mutation in the gene CYP7B1 is known to cause a neurodegenerative disease, hereditary spastic paraplegia type 5 and oxysterol accumulation. However, the role of CYP7B1 in neuroinflammation has been little revealed. In this study, we induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), as a murine model of MS, using CYP7B1 homozygous knockout (KO) mice. We found that CYP7B1 deficiency can significantly attenuate EAE severity. CYP7B1 deficiency is sufficient to reduce leukocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, suppress proliferation of pathogenic CD4+ T cells, and decrease myeloid cell activation during EAE. Additionally, live-animal imaging targeting translocator protein expression, an outer mitochondrial membrane protein biomarker of neuroinflammation, showed that CYP7B1 deficiency results in suppressed neuroinflammation. Using human monocyte-derived microglia-like cellular disease model and primary microglia of CYP7B1 KO mice, we also found that activation of microglia of CYP7B1 deficiency was impaired. These cumulative results suggest that CYP7B1 can regulate neuroinflammation, thus providing potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Large language models reduce public knowledge sharing on online Q&A platforms
Authors: del Rio-Chanona R Maria , Laurentsyeva Nadzeya , Wachs Johannes 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) are a potential substitute for human-generated data and knowledge resources. This substitution, however, can present a significant problem for the training data needed to develop future models if it leads to a reduction of human-generated content. In this work, we document a reduction in activity on Stack Overflow coinciding with the release of ChatGPT, a popular LLM. To test whether this reduction in activity is specific to the introduction of this LLM, we use counterfactuals involving similar human-generated knowledge resources that should not be affected by the introduction of ChatGPT to such extent. Within 6 months of ChatGPT’s release, activity on Stack Overflow decreased by 25% relative to its Russian and Chinese counterparts, where access to ChatGPT is limited, and to similar forums for mathematics, where ChatGPT is less capable. We interpret this estimate as a lower bound of the true impact of ChatGPT on Stack Overflow. The decline is larger for posts related to the most widely used programming languages. We find no significant change in post quality, measured by peer feedback, and observe similar decreases in content creation by more and less experienced users alike. Thus, LLMs are not only displacing duplicate, low-quality, or beginner-level content. Our findings suggest that the rapid adoption of LLMs reduces the production of public data needed to train them, with significant consequences.
The 2024 British Society for Rheumatology guideline for management of systemic sclerosis—executive summary
Authors: Denton Christopher P , De Lorenzis Enrico , Roblin Elen , Goldman Nina , Alcacer-Pitarch Begonya , Blamont Emma , Buch Maya H , Carulli Maresa , Cotton Caroline , Del Galdo Francesco , Derrett-Smith Emma , Douglas Karen , Farrington Sue , Fligelstone Kim , Gompels Luke , Griffiths Bridget , Herrick Ariane , Hughes Michael , Pain Clare , Pantano Georgina , Pauling John D , Prabu Athiveeraramapandian , O’Donoghue Nuala , Renzoni Elisabetta A , Royle Jeremy , Samaranayaka Muditha , Spierings Julia , Tynan Aoife , Warburton Louise , Ong Voon H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This guideline was developed according to the British Society for Rheumatology Guidelines Protocol by a Guideline Development Group comprising healthcare professionals with expertise in SSc and people with lived experience, as well as patient organization representatives. It is an update of the previous 2015 SSc guideline. The recommendations were developed and agreed by the group and are underpinned by published evidence, assessed by systematic literature review and reinforced by collective expert opinion of the group. It considers all aspects of SSc including general management, treatment of organ-based complications, including cardiopulmonary, renal and gastrointestinal tract manifestations, as well as broader impact of disease. Whilst it is focused on adults with SSc we expect that the guideline will be relevant to people of all ages and expert input and review by paediatric rheumatologists and other relevant specialists considered where the guideline was, or may not be, applicable to young people with SSc and juvenile-onset disease. In addition to providing guidance on disease assessment and management the full guideline also considers service organization within the National Health Service and future approaches to audit of the guideline. The lay summary that accompanies this abstract can be found in Supplemental information 1.
Associations between loneliness, disease activity and disease impact in inflammatory arthritis: a nationwide cross-sectional study among more than 12 000 patients
Authors: Vestergaard Sofie Bech , Esbensen Bente Appel , Midtgaard Julie , Cromhout Pernille Fevejle , Aadahl Mette , Glintborg Bente , de Thurah Annette 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the prevalence of loneliness among patients with IA with a specific focus on the associations with disease activity and impact.

Methods
We used data from a Danish cross-sectional survey comprising information on socio-demographics, mental health status, and social contacts among 12 713 patients with IA [rheumatoid arthritis (RA)/psoriatic arthritis (PsA)/axial spondylarthritis (axSpA)]. Data were linked to the DANBIO Rheumatology Registry and the National Patient Registry. Loneliness was measured by asking: ‘Are you ever alone, although you would prefer to be together with others?’. Association with disease activity and disease impact (Patient Global Assessment, pain, fatigue, physical function) was estimated using multivariable logistic regression [age, sex, cohabitation status, educational level, mental health status (depression, anxiety) and co-morbidity].

Results
: Approximately one-third reported loneliness. Prevalence was lowest for patients with RA [31.6% (95%CI: 30.5; 32.6)] compared with PsA and axSpA [36.0 (34.0; 38.0)] and [36.3 (34.1; 38.4), respectively]. It was highest among axSpA patients reporting high levels of depression [66.2% (60.0; 72.8)]. A positive association was observed between loneliness and disease activity. For disease impact, prevalence estimates were between 40% and 60% when patients experienced high levels of pain, fatigue, low levels of physical function, and high Patient Global Assessment.

Conclusions
Loneliness was highly prevalent in IA and associated with disease activity and impact. Therefore, loneliness is an important target for future mental health interventions in IA.
Clinical spectrum of and outcomes for Indian children with deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2): a multicentric study
Authors: Kumar Sathish , Chugh Akagri , Kumar Samantha Cheryl , Punnen Anu , Bhat Chandrika , Patra Pratap , Viswanathan Vijay , Gupta Aditya , Aggarwal Mukul , Nayak Amiya Ranjan , Lingappa Lokesh , Sharma Jyoti , Gupta Neerja , Naranje Priyanka , Jana Manisha , Bagri Narendra Kumar , Hari Pankaj , Ramanan Athimalaipet V 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Deficiency of adenosine deaminase-2 (DADA2) is a monogenic disorder closely resembling PAN and can present to physicians across various specialties. Through this case series, we aimed to study and describe the clinical spectrum of and outcomes for Indian children with DADA2.

Methods
The de-identified data from all participating centres were entered in an Excel spreadsheet, and the coordinating centre (All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi) screened the data for accuracy and completeness.

Results
We enrolled 16 children (11 females) in the study; the mean (s.d.) age at the time of onset of symptoms for males and females was 46.2 (47) and 73.6 (50.4) months, respectively. The most common clinical features in this cohort were fever and rash in 80% of patients. More than half of the children, n (%) [8, (53%)] had a CNS stroke. The other clinical features were hypertension [5(33%)], anaemia [3 (20%)] and arthralgia/arthritis in 4 (26%). These children were managed with various immunomodulators: steroids [13, (86%)], anti-TNF agents [12, (80%)], CYC [2 (13%)] and MMF [3 (20%)]. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] duration of follow-up for this cohort was 17 (10, 29) months. Fourteen children achieved remission, and none had recurrent strokes after the initiation of anti-TNF drugs.

Conclusion
DADA-2 closely resembles PAN; early age of onset and CNS stroke are striking differentiating features from classic PAN. Most children respond well to anti-TNF agents without serious adverse events being observed during short-term follow-up.
Perceived income inequality, perceived unfairness and subjective social status in Europe
Authors: Hajdu Gábor 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article examines the relationship between perceived income inequality, the perceived unfairness of income distribution (discrepancy between an individual’s perceived and preferred levels of income inequality) and subjective social status. Using four waves of the ‘Social Inequality’ module of the International Social Survey Programme (28 European countries, 70 000 individuals) and an empirical strategy that controls for a rich set of objective measures of social status and the objective level of income inequality, the results show that both perceived inequality and perceived unfairness are negatively associated with subjective social status. Moreover, perceived unfairness moderates the relationship between perceived inequality and subjective social status. Specifically, the negative effects are larger for individuals who perceive high levels of unfairness than for those with lower levels of perceived unfairness. The analysis also provides evidence that the association between perceived inequality and subjective social status is stronger for individuals with lower income, lower education, and those living in Eastern European countries.
Historical drivers of HCV Subtypes 1b and 3a in Thailand and 6f in Phetchabun, an HCV endemic area of the country
Authors: Wasitthankasem Rujipat , Aiewsakun Pakorn , Lapchai Sutthinee , Raksayot Maneerat , Keeratipusana Chantisa , Jarupund Pakawat , Nakhonsri Vorthunju , Pimsing Napaporn , Tongsima Sissades , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The World Health Organization has set a target to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public threat by 2030. In pursuit of this goal, Thailand initiated a hepatitis C virus (HCV) microelimination project targeting Phetchabun province, a well-recognized high-burden HCV endemic area. However, the historical transmission dynamics of HCV in Phetchabun, and in Thailand in general, remain unclear. This study investigates the epidemic histories of HCV in Phetchabun, focusing on Subtypes 1b, 3a, and 6f, and their relationship with HCV in other regions of Thailand, using molecular phylogenetic analyses. Our results reveal nationwide the presence of Subtypes 1b and 3a, while Subtype 6f is mainly confined to Phetchabun. The initial spread of Subtype 1b was inferred to coincide with World War II and the period of suboptimal medical and hygienic standards in Thai blood transfusion services, suggesting a correlation between the two. The early expansion of Subtype 3a was, on the other hand, found to correlate with the epidemic of intravenous drug use in Thailand during the time of Vietnam War. The early expansion of Subtype 6f, in contrast, appears to coincide with the period of severe regional political conflict and social and economic instability. All these findings suggest the complex interplay between social determinants of health and HCV transmission. Post the mid-1990s/early 2000s, all subtypes showed significantly reduced population growth rates, aligning with improvements in blood transfusion safety standards, the nationwide “War on Drugs” policy, and enhanced accessibility to public healthcare and HCV treatments. These combined efforts likely have contributed to curbing the spread of HCV in Thailand. Nevertheless, our analyses reveal that the prevalence of HCV in Thailand remains high overall, emphasizing the need for further research and a nationwide approach to more effectively reduce the HCV burden in Thailand.
PAs and NPs in liver transplantation
Authors: Nargiso Sarah , Lo Mary , Ramos Leyda , Bolaños Amarilis , Lee Evelyn , Sher Linda 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
This study assessed the use and perceptions of physician associates/assistants (PAs) and NPs at liver transplant centers and sought to determine their financial effect.

Methods:
Leaders of liver transplant programs performing 25 or more transplants in 2020 were contacted to complete an 11-question survey about the role and effect of PAs and NPs in liver transplant. A single-center retrospective analysis compared length of stay (LOS) and readmission rates for primary liver transplants and simultaneous liver-kidney transplants before and after a dedicated PA team was established. Chi-square and t-test analyses were performed.

Results:
The survey achieved a 77% response rate, and 98% of institutions reported using PAs and NPs. The single-center study found the mean LOS post-transplant was significantly shorter in the post-PA cohort (P = .0005). No significant difference was found in 30-day readmission rates.

Conclusions:
PAs and NPs are used broadly across the post-liver transplant care continuum. Using LOS as a surrogate financial marker suggests that a dedicated PA and NP team may contribute to cost savings.
Giving Your Preceptors What They Need
Authors: McMullan Susan P. , Woodfin Kaitlen O. , Richey Ryan , Yerdon Amy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Advanced practice registered nursing (APRN) educational programs require students to complete many hours of clinical education to prepare them for their role. This article outlines the process of developing a novel nurse anesthesia preceptor training program that could be implemented by any graduate APRN program. Preceptors’ requests for specific information about how to best educate students served as a catalyst to develop a customized preceptor training program tailored to the needs of the program, the preceptors, and students to optimize clinical education and improve quality of care.
Critical care innovations: navigating pain relief in intensive care: the role of regional anesthesia
Authors: Campbell Amber , Jacoby Mackenzie , Hernandez Nadia 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
The purpose of this article is to provide an update of regional anesthesia and its applications in the critical care patient population.

Recent findings
Regional anesthesia including blocks of the abdomen and thorax, head and neck, as well as upper and lower extremities can be used to alleviate pain and assist in managing life-threatening conditions such as cerebral vasospasm and ventricular storm in the ICU population. There have been many advances in these techniques including ultrasound-guidance with innovative approaches that allow for more superficial procedures that are safer for critically ill patients. Regional anesthesia can decrease hospital length of stay (LOS), prevent ICU admission, shorten ICU LOS, and increase ventilator free days and may have mortality benefits.

Summary
Pain management in the ICU is an important and sometimes challenging aspect of patient care. Regional anesthetic techniques have more indications and are safe, versatile tools that should be incorporated into care of critically ill patients.