bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved union and bone strength in a mouse model of NF1 pseudarthrosis treated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and zoledronic acid
Authors: Deo Nikita , Cheng Tegan L. , Mikulec Kathy , Peacock Lauren , Little David G. , Schindeler Aaron 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTTibial pseudarthrosis associated with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an orthopedic condition with consistently poor clinical outcomes. Using a murine model that features localized double inactivation of the Nf1 gene in an experimental tibial fracture, we tested the effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) and/or the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA). Tibiae were harvested at 3 weeks for analysis, at which time there was negligible healing in un‐treated control fractures (7% union). In contrast, rhBMP‐2 and rhBMP‐2/ZA groups showed significantly greater union (87% and 93%, p < 0.01 for both). Treatment with rhBMP‐2 led to a 12‐fold increase in callus bone volume and this was further increased in the rhBMP‐2/ZA group. Mechanical testing of the healed rhBMP‐2 and rhBMP‐2/ZA fractures showed that the latter group had significantly higher mechanical strength and was restored to that of the un‐fractured contralateral leg. Co‐treatment with rhBMP‐2/ZA also reduced fibrous tissue infiltration at the fracture site compared to rhBMP alone (p = 0.068). These data support the future clinical investigation of this combination of anabolic and anti‐resorptive agents for the treatment of NF1 pseudarthrosis. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:930–936, 2018.
Viability of Raman microscopy to identify micro‐residues related to tool‐use and modern contaminants on prehistoric stone artefacts
Authors: Bordes Luc , Prinsloo Linda C. , Fullagar Richard , Sutikna Thomas , Hayes Elspeth , Jatmiko  , Wahyu Saptomo E. , Tocheri Matthew W. , Roberts Richard G. 
Published: August 2017

Analyses of ancient micro‐residues and usewear preserved on stone artefacts can potentially provide detailed information about how prehistoric humans used the artefacts to process materials such as food, pigments and/or adhesives. However, ancient micro‐residues are likely degraded, and there are multiple potential sources of contamination, such as contact with sediments, groundwater, recent handling, storage materials or laboratory conditions, any of which can inhibit reliable identification of micro‐residues and other traces of prehistoric use.In this pilot study, five stone tools from the archaeological site of Liang Bua (Flores, Indonesia) were used to evaluate the viability of Raman spectroscopy to identity ancient micro‐residues preserved on stone artefact surfaces that are due specifically to prehistoric use as opposed to some form of ancient or modern source of contamination.Inorganic and organic deposits that occur commonly in the cave environment, including iron oxide, manganese oxide and biofilms, were identified in both the sediment and on the artefacts. Protein and saturated fatty acid micro‐residues were identified on edges of all artefacts and may partially originate from modern handling. Proteins, plant fibres and other micro‐residues associated with calcium nitrate are possibly archaeologically significant. Detection of plant fibres and starch grains may indicate either modern contamination or prehistoric contact with plant material that was transferred incidentally or during tool manufacture and/or tool use.These results demonstrate the viability of Raman microscopy to screen, at an early stage of archaeological residue analysis, for modern contaminants and micro‐residues related to tool manufacture and/or tool use. This approach serves as a base for planning strategies and analytical protocols for future work that targets larger samples of artefacts, integrates Raman microscopy with GC–MS/LC–MS and includes more comprehensive studies of usewear. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Authentication of adulterated edible oil using coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy
Authors: Park Chang Woo , Lee Ingu , Kwon Seong‐Hoon , Lee Kyu‐Sup , Jo Cheol , Ko Do‐Kyeong 
Published: August 2017

A comparative analysis on five edible oils with the same chemical composition but different composition ratios was performed by using coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy in the wavenumber 2400–3200 cm−1 corresponding to C─H vibration band. Intensity ratio (I═C ─ H/IC ─ H) in C─H stretching region was obtained according to the mixing ratio of the two types of edible oil, and the fitting curves were obtained from the fact that the intensity ratio is proportional to the square of
where
is the expectation value of k bonds of the edible oil.
and
of the edible oils obtained from the fitting curves were well matched with the referred values. And finally, we showed that the coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy can be used as a method of authentication of adulterated edible oil by demonstrating a method to determine the type and the amount of unknown mixed oil.
Prognostic significance of tumor length in patients receiving esophagectomy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Hollis Alexander C. , Quinn Lauren M. , Hodson James , Evans Emily , Plowright James , Begum Ruksana , Mitchell Harriet , Hallissey Mike T. , Whiting John L. , Griffiths Ewen A. 
Published: August 2017

AimsWe investigated the prognostic value of tumor length measurements acquired both from pre‐operative imaging and post‐operative pathology in esophageal cancer.MethodsTumor lengths were examined retrospectively for 389 esophagectomy patients with respect to Endoscopy, EUS (Endoscopic Ultrasound), CT and PET‐CT, and pathology. Correlations between the measurements on the different approaches were assessed, and associations between tumor length and survival were analyzed.ResultsOnly the tumor lengths assessed on pathology were found to be significantly associated with overall (P = 0.001) and recurrence free (P < 0.001) survival on univariable analysis. The median overall survival was 47.1 months in those patients with tumor lengths <3.0 cm, falling to 19.6 and 18.0 months in those with 3.0‐4.4 and 4.5+ cm tumors, respectively, demonstrating a reduction in patient survival at a tumor length of around 3 cm. Tumor length on pathology was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation and both T‐ and N‐categories. After accounting for these factors, tumor length on pathology was a significant independent predictor of recurrence‐free (P = 0.016), but not overall (P = 0.128) survival.ConclusionsTumor lengths on pathology were found to be the most predictive of patient outcome. However, after accounting for other tumor‐related factors, tumor length only resulted in a marginal improvement in predictive accuracy.
Antitumor evaluation and multiple analysis on different extracted fractions of the root of Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight
Authors: Wang Xin‐jie , Li Zhen‐lin , Lv Xu‐hui , Zuo Qi‐yan , Zhao Yan‐min , Ding Yong‐fang , Pu She‐ban , Qian Shi‐hui , Peng Yun‐ru 
Published: August 2017

The root of Cynanchum auriculatum (C. auriculatum) Royle ex Wight has been shown to possess various pharmacological effects and has recently attracted much attention with respect to its potential role in antitumor activity. The C‐21 steroidal glycosides are commonly accepted as the major active ingredients of C. auriculatum. In this study, the antitumor abilities of different extracted fractions of the root bark and the root tuber of C. auriculatum were investigated by using a 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in human cancer cell lines HepG2 and SMMC‐7721. The results showed that the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of the root tuber suppressed tumor cell growth strongly. To identify and characterize the chemical constituents of different active fractions, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography with triple‐quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous quantitation of eight C‐21 steroidal glycosides. The analysis revealed that the C‐21 steroidal glycosides were concentrated in the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions, and the total contents of different fractions in the root tuber were significantly higher than those of corresponding ones in the root bark. Furthermore, the C‐21 steroidal glycosides based on different types of aglucones were prone in different medicinal parts of C. auriculatum.
Fish hydroacoustic survey standardization: A step forward based on comparisons of methods and systems from vertical surveys of a large deep lake
Authors: Draštík Vladislav , Godlewska Malgorzata , Balk Helge , Clabburn Peter , Kubečka Jan , Morrissey Emma , Hateley Jon , Winfield Ian J. , Mrkvička Tomáš , Guillard Jean 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHydroacoustic methods are routinely used for fish population assessment and monitoring in lakes and reservoirs around the world and are particularly embedded in European and North American lake management. However, the comparability of hydroacoustic results can be difficult to assess due to the large number of variables (sound frequency, sound pulse duration, system manufacturer, analysis method, etc.) that can influence acoustic estimates. This study investigates the effect of variations in analysis method and hydroacoustic system on commonly produced outputs. Volume backscattering strength (Sv), mean target strength (TS), fish abundance, and biomass were estimated using two analysis methods (echo integration and track‐counting) using data recorded from a large, deep lake (Windermere, UK) by four vertically oriented split‐beam systems operating at three sound frequencies (120 kHz, 200 kHz, and 400 kHz). The two analysis methods used produced similar estimates of fish abundance and fish biomass. We therefore concluded that echo integration and track‐counting can be robustly used and outputs justifiably compared under the conditions of the Windermere surveys. In addition, we compared mean Sv, mean TS, fish abundance, and biomass estimates across the four hydroacoustic systems. The only significant result was for abundance estimates, however, the system made a small contribution to the overall variability. All four systems provided similar results for the other metrics, demonstrating that independent hydroacoustic surveys operating within the European Standard can make a major contribution to the assessment and monitoring of fish populations in deep lakes and reservoirs.
Efficient Integrated Graphene Photonics in the Visible and Near‐IR
Authors: Chang PoHan , Lin Charles , Helmy Amr. S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGraphene photonics has emerged as a promising platform for providing desirable optical functionality. However, graphene's monolayer‐scale thickness fundamentally restricts the available light matter interaction, posing a critical design challenge for integrated devices, particularly in wavelength regimes where graphene plasmonics is untenable. While several plasmonic designs have been proposed to enhance graphene light interaction in these regimes, they suffer from substantial insertion loss due to metal absorption. Here we report a non‐resonant metamaterial‐based waveguide platform to overcome the design bottleneck associated with graphene device. Such metamaterial structure enables low insertion loss even though metal is being utilized. By examining waveguide dispersion characteristics via closed‐form analysis, it is demonstrated that the metamaterial approach can provide optimized optical field that overlaps with the graphene monolayer. This enables graphene‐based integrated components with superior optical performance. Specifically, the metamaterial‐assisted graphene modulator can provide 5‐fold improvement in extinction ratio compared to Si nanowire, while reducing insertion loss by one order magnitude compared to plasmonic structures. Such a waveguide configuration thus allows one to maximize the optical potential that graphene holds in the telecom and visible regimes.
Stereocomplex‐ and Homo‐Crystallization and Phase‐Transition Behavior of Relatively High‐Molecular‐Weight Linear One‐ and Two‐Armed and Star‐Shaped Four‐Armed Poly(l‐lactide)/Poly(d‐lactide) Blends
Authors: Tsuji Hideto , Sakamoto Yuzuru , Arakawa Yuki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRelatively high‐molecular‐weight linear one‐ and two‐armed and star‐shaped four‐armed poly(l‐lactide) and poly(d‐lactide) are synthesized and the multiplicate effects of arm‐number (branching architecture, coinitiator moiety), crystallization temperature (Tc), and number‐average molecular weight (Mn) on stereocomplex (SC)‐ and homo‐crystallization and phase‐transition behavior are investigated. For nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization, in addition to SC crystallites, homo‐crystallites are formed in the blends with higher Mn values, irrespective of arm number. For isothermal crystallization, the transition Tc ranges below which in addition to SC crystallites, homo‐crystallites are formed depended on Mn per one arm‐determining melting temperature or thickness of homo‐crystallites. The transition Mn ranges above which in addition to SC crystallites, homo‐crystallites are formed are not affected by arm number. The high molecular weight disturbs the change of crystalline growth mechanism of one‐ and two‐armed blends, whereas the branching architecture inhibits the change of crystalline growth mechanism of four‐armed blends.
Serotonin‐transporter promoter polymorphism modulates the ability to control food intake: Effect on total weight loss
Authors: Bonnet Gemma , Gómez‐Abellán Purificación , Vera Beatriz , Sánchez‐Romera Juan Francisco , Hernández‐Martínez Antonio M. , Sookoian Silvia , Pirola Carlos Jose , Garaulet Marta 
Published: August 2017

ScopeThe biggest challenge for losing weight is the ability to control the amount of food eaten; the tendency to overeat is called disinhibition. Our aims were to determine whether (a) the SLC6A4‐promoter variant (5‐HTTLPR) relates to disinhibition; (b) this association could affect total weight‐loss during a behavioral/dietary treatment for obesity.Methods and resultsA total of 2961 subjects attended voluntarily five weight‐loss clinics; a subsample (n = 624) was recruited for SLC6A4 genotyping. Total weight‐loss, emotional‐eating‐score and disinhibition‐score were examined. We observed that: (a) the reduced ability to control food intake (disinhibition) is implicated in the impairment to lose weight; (b) SLC6A4‐promoter variant is implicated in disinhibition. S carriers (low‐expressing) of the SLC6A4‐promoter variant had a lower inhibition capacity and showed more failure (1.6 times) to control the amount of food eaten than LL (p < 0.05); other factors such as eating while bored, overeating after work at night, or craving for specific foods were associated to the SLC6A4 genotype (p < 0.05); (c) The combination of disinhibition (high disinhibition) and genetics (S carrier) had a higher impact on total weight loss than each factor separately.ConclusionsSLC6A4‐promoter variant is associated with the ability to control food intake and interacts with emotional eating to modulate total weight loss.
EKG‐based detection of deep brain stimulation in fMRI studies
Authors: Fiveland Eric , Madhavan Radhika , Prusik Julia , Linton Renee , Dimarzio Marisa , Ashe Jeffrey , Pilitsis Julie , Hancu Ileana 
Published: August 2017

PurposeTo assess the impact of synchronization errors between the assumed functional MRI paradigm timing and the deep brain stimulation (DBS) on/off cycling using a custom electrocardiogram‐based triggering systemMethodsA detector for measuring and predicting the on/off state of cycling deep brain stimulation was developed and tested in six patients in office visits. Three‐electrode electrocardiogram measurements, amplified by a commercial bio‐amplifier, were used as input for a custom electronics box (e‐box). The e‐box transformed the deep brain stimulation waveforms into transistor‐transistor logic pulses, recorded their timing, and propagated it in time. The e‐box was used to trigger task‐based deep brain stimulation functional MRI scans in 5 additional subjects; the impact of timing accuracy on t‐test values was investigated in a simulation study using the functional MRI data.ResultsFollowing locking to each patient's individual waveform, the e‐box was shown to predict stimulation onset with an average absolute error of 112 ± 148 ms, 30 min after disconnecting from the patients. The subsecond accuracy of the e‐box in predicting timing onset is more than adequate for our slow varying, 30‐/30‐s on/off stimulation paradigm. Conversely, the experimental deep brain stimulation onset prediction accuracy in the absence of the e‐box, which could be off by as much as 4 to 6 s, could significantly decrease activation strength.ConclusionsUsing this detector, stimulation can be accurately synchronized to functional MRI acquisitions, without adding any additional hardware in the MRI environment. Magn Reson Med 79:2432–2439, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Composite‐grid multigrid for diffusion on the sphere
Authors: Adler James H. , Lashuk Ilya , MacLachlan Scott P. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryRecently, there has been much interest in the solution of differential equations on surfaces and manifolds, driven by many applications whose dynamics take place on such domains. Although increasingly powerful algorithms have been developed in this field, many straightforward questions remain, particularly in the area of coupling advanced discretizations with efficient linear solvers. In this paper, we develop a structured refinement algorithm for octahedral triangulations of the surface of the sphere. We explain the composite‐grid finite‐element discretization of the Laplace–Beltrami operator on such triangulations and extend the fast adaptive composite‐grid scheme to provide an efficient solution of the resulting linear system. Supporting numerical examples are presented, including the recovery of second‐order accuracy in the case of a nonsmooth solution.
Synthesis and healing properties of poly(arylether sulfone)–poly(alkylthioether) multiblock copolymers containing disulfide bonds
Authors: Akiyama Takayoshi , Ushio Akira , Itoh Yoshitaka , Kawaguchi Yuya , Matsumoto Kazuya , Jikei Mitsutoshi 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThermoplastic elastomers composed of soft and hard segments are important elastic and processable synthetic polymers. The microphase‐separated soft domains show low glass transition temperature and possess sufficient chain mobility at room temperature. In this study, we report the synthesis and healing properties of multiblock copolymers containing disulfide bonds as dynamic covalent bonds. The multiblock copolymers composed of poly(arylether sulfone) and poly(alkylthioether) segments were synthesized by oxidative coupling polymerization of the corresponding thiol‐terminated oligomers. Atomic force microscopy phase images, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis curves indicated the microphase‐separated morphology of the multiblock copolymer. Self‐healing properties of the polymer were evaluated by changes in the elongation at break of the cut/adhered samples. The elongation recovery increased with UV irradiation time, and the multiblock copolymer showed a 93% recovery after UV irradiation for 5 h. The healing efficiency induced by UV irradiation, determined by subtracting the recovery without UV irradiation, was calculated to be 51%. According to the UV spectra and solubility changes after UV irradiation, the main healing factor in this study was the crosslinking reactions caused by thiyl radicals generated from UV irradiation instead of disulfide exchange reactions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3545–3553
Nanofibrous polysulfone/TiO2 nanocomposites: Surface properties and their relation with E. coli adhesion
Authors: Teno Jorge , González‐Gaitano Gustavo , González‐Benito Javier 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTSolution blow spinning, SBS, was used to prepare fibrous films of thermoplastic nanocomposites with potential antibacterial properties based on polysulfone, PSF, filled with well dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles. The PSF/TiO2 nanocomposites were produced with different nanoparticles content up to 10% by weight. A wide characterization was carried out focusing on the morphology at the nanoscale, roughness, contact angles, and surface free energy. Cell adhesion was studied by inspection by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A uniform dispersion of the nanofiller was achieved, with the nanoparticles evenly embedded in the polymer along the fibers when they were created during the blow spinning process. TiO2 content influenced the topography of the films, most likely due to a direct effect on the solvent evaporation rate. The results obtained pointed out that an increase of the surface hydrophobicity as a result of the increased roughness induced by the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles was the main contribution to the reduction of DH5α Escherichia coli cells adhesion. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1575–1584
Prevalence of posttraumatic arthritis and the association with outcome measures following distal radius fractures in non-osteoporotic patients: a systematic review
Authors: Lameijer C. M. , ten Duis H. J. , Dusseldorp I. van , Dijkstra P. U. , van der Sluis C. K. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Introduction
The objective of this systematic review was to analyze (1) prevalence of radiological posttraumatic arthritis (PA), (2) associations of PA with outcome measures and (3) predictors of PA following distal radius fractures in non-osteoporotic patients.

Materials and methods
Nineteen studies were included (10 open source data).

Results
In total, 733 patients were described with a weighted mean age of 37 years (range 25–54) at the time of the injury. Follow-up ranged from 13 months to 38 years. Overall prevalence of PA was 50% and 37% in the open source data. Radial deviation was significantly worse in patients with PA (N = 49, mean 14°, SD 6° versus N = 55, mean 17°, SD 6°, p = 0.037). No analysis could be performed regarding patient reported outcome measures, because of limited data. Articular incongruence was a significant predictor for PA.

Conclusions
A high prevalence of PA was found in non-osteoporotic patients following a distal radius fracture. PA following a distal radial fracture was associated with a limited radial deviation and flexion, but not with grip strength. Articular incongruence predicted PA. Patient reported outcome measures should be investigated more thoroughly to be able to understand the value of using these instruments in interpreting outcome in follow-up of non-osteoporotic patients following a distal radius fracture.

Level of evidence
Level of evidence 3 (Phillips et al. Levels of Evidence—Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine, 1)
Comprehensive Quantitation Using Two Stable Isotopically Labeled Species and Direct Detection of N‐Acyl Moiety of Sphingomyelin
Authors: Hama Kotaro , Fujiwara Yuko , Tabata Hidetsugu , Takahashi Hideyo , Yokoyama Kazuaki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSphingomyelin (ceramide‐phosphocholine, CerPCho) is a common sphingolipid in mammalian cells and is composed of phosphorylcholine and ceramide as polar and hydrophobic components, respectively. In this study, a qualitative liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS/MS) analysis is proposed in which CerPCho structures were assigned based on product ion spectra corresponding to sphingosylphosphorylcholine and N‐acyl moieties. From MS/MS/MS analysis of CerPCho, we observed product ion spectra of the N‐acyl fatty acids as [RCO2]− ions as well as sphingosylphosphorylcholine. A calibration curve for CerPCho was constructed using two stable isotopically labeled CerPCho species and then used to quantify the CerPCho species in HeLa cells as a proof‐of‐principle study. The present study proposes an accurate method for quantifying and assigning structures to each CerPCho species in crude biologic samples by LC–ESI–MS/MS/MS analysis.