bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A correlação do desenvolvimento do campo com o desenvolvimento da cidade de Canguçu – RS
Authors: Bandeira Silvana De Matos 
Published: September 2016

Resumo: O trabalho visa pesquisar a causa do desenvolvimento do comércio da área central de Canguçu (RS) no período 2000-2010. Inicialmente foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os conceitos abordados. Utilizando-se do método progressivo-regressivo de Henri Lefèbvre, a história de Canguçu foi dividida em periodizações de acordo com as suas fases econômicas. Por fim, foram realizadas entrevistas com comerciantes e representantes de entidades, a fim de que estes pudessem se manifestar sobre a importância da fumicultura para o município. Partiu-se da hipótese que o crescimento significativo do comércio foi causado pelo aumento da fumicultura no município, o que gerou renda e, consequentemente, dinamizou o comércio. Esta hipótese se confirmou no decorrer do trabalho. Palavras-chave: Canguçu. Comércio. Fumicultura. Dependência econômica.
Educação ambiental no ensino fundamental II: o lugar que temos o lugar que queremos
Authors: Silva Claudionor Oliveira , Ximenes Lilian Carla de Lima , Oliveira Maria Helena Cardoso de 
Published: September 2016

Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar o Ensino da Educação Ambiental nas Séries do Fundamental II da Escola Joaquim Gomes de Araújo, na comunidade Várzea Grande em União dos Palmares. A metodologia usada foi baseada em pesquisas bibliográficas, documentais e de campo, assim como registros de imagem, entrevistas, observações, relato de experência e aplicação de questionários socioambientais aos alunos, professores e a comunidade local. Os resultados mostram a análise sobre o Projeto O Lugar que Temos: O Lugar que Queremos desenvolvido pela instituição, as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas pelos docentes e discentes em EA, e a participação da comunidade no projeto pedagógico e os problemas ambientais existentes no povoado.Palavras-chave: Educação Ambiental. Ambiente Escolar. Conscientização. Impactos Ambientais.
Aplicação de dados SRTM para a caracterização de microbacias hidrográficas urbanas
Authors: Bariani Cassiane Jrayj de Melo Victoria , Bariani Nelson Mario Victoria 
Published: September 2016

Dados SRTM foram utilizados para a análise comparativa de duas microbacias urbanas em Itaqui, RS, visando identificar fatores de impacto para fins de planejamento. Os limites das microbacias e os canais da rede de drenagem foram traçados combinando o uso de um algoritmo automático de detecção de fluxo e a edição vetorial de imagens de satélite (CBERS 2B/HRC) no SPRING. Os parâmetros morfométricos foram calculados com informações obtidas por “medidas de classe”. A microbacia do Olaria apresentou valores de fator de forma, coeficiente de compacidade, ordem e sinuosidade com características que favorecem o escoamento das águas. Há uma maior tendência a enchente na microbacia do Cambaí, verificado em imagens dos satélites Landsat 5 e 8 em épocas de enchente.
O ensino de Geografia em uma escola do campo e uma escola da cidade no município de Agudo-RS: características e diversidades
Authors: Schirmer Gerson Jonas , Cardoso Eduardo Schiavone , Dal' Ongaro Marisa 
Published: September 2016

A localização geográfica da escola, pode assumir um papel de destaque na formação escolar, sendo esta muitas vezes o elo entre o que o aluno vivencia no seu cotidiano e o que este aprende dentro da sala de aula. O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise da rede de ensino e do ensino de geografia no município de Agudo, localizado na Região Central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto fez-se uma caracterização geral da rede de ensino do Município, pesquisou-se as características específicas de uma escola do campo e de uma escola da cidade, bem como a sua contribuição na compreensão e valorização do lugar. Constatou-se que apesar dos esforços por parte de alguns professores, embasado nos procedimentos adotados, a escola segue formando sujeitos sociais que não estabelecem uma verdadeira identidade com o lugar.
Mort et disparition durant la dernière dictature militaire argentine (1976-1983) : les « disparus » et les soldats tombés lors de la Guerre des Malouines
Authors: Panizo Laura Marina , Verstraeten Alice 
Published: September 2016

Dans cet article, je propose une synthèse des résultats de mes recherches sur la problématique de la mort violente et de l’absence de corps qui, dans le contexte de la dernière dictature militaire argentine, ne concerne pas seulement les victimes de la répression étatique mais touche également les soldats tombés pendant la Guerre des Malouines. Je tente de rendre compte de la façon dont deux groupes de proches se sont constitués à partir de la mort et de la disparition d’êtres chers, et ont élaboré des cadres d’interprétation pour donner du sens aux événements historiques survenus, afin de surmonter leurs pertes. Ces cadres d’interprétation, les pratiques quotidiennes et les croyances relatives à la mort se rétro-alimentent ; se construisent alors des liens spécifiques entre vivants et morts.
La disparition et l’affaire des quarante-trois étudiants de l’École Normale rurale d’Ayotzinapa
Authors: Gil Irene Ramos 
Published: September 2016

Cet article se propose d’analyser la manière dont la disparition de quarante-trois étudiants de l’École Normale rurale d’Ayotzinapa est devenue une affaire. Autrement dit, il s’agit de s’interroger sur la manière dont des revendications locales ont pu émerger et monter en généralité pour accéder à la sphère publique, comme celles des mobilisations collectives au Mexique et ailleurs. Nous essayerons de répondre en observant l’événement durant les jours qui ont suivi cette disparition. Deux sources principales sont consultées : les comptes rendus judicaires et les récits des victimes. L’analyse des descriptions et catégorisations élaborées par les personnes et institutions concernées s’avère donc nécessaire pour avoir accès aux différentes compréhensions internes à cette affaire.
Étalement urbain et dynamique des agglomérations à Alger : quel rôle pour la promotion administrative ?
Authors: Bakour Mohammed , Baouni Tahar 
Published: September 2016

Devant les disparités spatiales auxquelles étaient confrontées les villes algériennes après l’indépendance, l’État a tenté de faire face à la situation en reconsidérant le maillage territorial par quatre découpages administratifs successifs (1963, 1974, 1984 et 1997). Nous proposons, dans cet article, d’analyser les conséquences spatiales de ces politiques publiques sur le processus de développement de l’agglomération algéroise. Une réflexion profonde sur l’évolution des agglomérations à Alger (changement de statut, émergence de nouvelles agglomérations, fusion entre les agglomérations chefs-lieux et les agglomérations secondaires, etc.) nous semble une approche très intéressante. Cela, d’un côté, pour avoir une vision claire du processus d’étalement urbain et, d’un autre côté, pour mieux apprécier l’évolution morphologique à laquelle est confrontée la ville d’Alger. Dans l’article, nous analysons la dynamique des agglomérations qui a accompagné le découpage administratif à Alger. Il s’agit de donner un éclairage nouveau sur le rôle qu’ont joué l’évolution et le changement de statut des agglomérations ainsi que la promotion administrative,1 pour mieux apprécier l’évolution morphologique qu’a connue la ville d’Alger. À travers la mise en place d’une base de données sous SIG et par une approche historique et comparative, le résultat de ce travail nous a permis une meilleure lecture spatiotemporelle des mutations qu’ont subies les différentes agglomérations à Alger, de 1966 à ce jour. En effet, cette approche n’a jamais fait l’objet d’une analyse profonde dans le cadre des différentes recherches sur la ville d’Alger.
Interface acoustic waves at the interface between two semi-infinite phononic crystals
Authors: Tanaka Yukihiro , Okashiwa Nobuharu , Nishiguchi Norihiko 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We have investigated the band structures of interface acoustic waves (IAWs) in a system composed of two dissimilar semi-infinite two-dimensional (2D) phononic crystals (PCs), which is referred to as a dual 2D PC system. We suggest a method by which we can estimate roughly the constituent elements (for example, filling fraction and type of substance) of each PC in a dual 2D PC system. We find that, for a specific set of filling fractions of the constituent PCs, an IAW branch exists below the lowest bulk transverse-wave branch in dispersion relations, and is subject to Bragg reflection in the vicinity of the Brillouin-zone boundary, which reduces the group velocity of IAWs. The findings of this work suggest the possibility of new acoustic devices utilizing IAWs.
Lateral growth of GaN by liquid phase electroepitaxy using mesa-shaped substrate
Authors: Kambayashi Daisuke , Takakura Hiroyuki , Tomita Masafumi , Iwakawa Muneki , Mizuno Yosuke , Maruyama Takahiro , Naritsuka Shigeya 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
GaN microchannel epitaxy (MCE) was performed using a mesa-shaped substrate and liquid phase electroepitaxy. A flat and wide MCE layer was successfully obtained with a rectangular shape, which is formed by ±c-planes on both the top and bottom surfaces. MCE growth proceeded mainly in the lateral direction by the formation of these planes. Cathodoluminescence measurements showed that the laterally grown layers were almost free of dislocations, and that the dislocations in the mesa areas were confined by the vertical sides of the mesas. In the case of inclined sides, the dislocations would be expected to bend and spread into the laterally grown areas.
Domain switching kinetics in vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer thin films
Authors: Nakagawa Yuuta , Hashizume Yoichiro , Nakajima Takashi , Gruverman Alexei , Okamura Soichiro 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The local domain switching of vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer thin films with different higher order structures was investigated by piezoresponse force microscopy. It was found that one-dimensionally grown domains were formed on highly crystallized needle-like crystals after local voltage pulse application. This is because each needle-like crystal consisted of parallel-stacked lamellae with chain folding along its major axis. In addition, it showed two-step domain growth processes, namely, inter lamella domain growth and the growth between lamellae. On the other hand, circular domains were formed on polycrystalline plate-like crystals and as-coated films.
Enhanced polarization properties of ferrielectric AgNbO3 single crystals grown by Czochralski method under high-pressure oxygen atmosphere
Authors: Kitanaka Yuuki , Egawa Takuya , Noguchi Yuji , Miyayama Masaru 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We report crystal growth under high oxygen pressure (P
O2) atmosphere that yields high-quality single crystals of AgNbO3. X-ray fluorescence analysis reveals that an increase in P
O2 during crystal growth effectively suppresses the deficiency of Ag and then leads to low leakage currents. Single crystals grown via the Czochralski method at a P
O2 of 0.9 MPa are demonstrated to show ferrielectric switching with enhanced polarization under electric fields along the [110] direction.
Scale‐dependent distribution of kinetic energy from surface drifters in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Balwada Dhruv , LaCasce Joseph H. , Speer Kevin G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe scale‐dependent distribution of kinetic energy is probed at the surface in the Gulf of Mexico using surface drifters from the Grand Lagrangian Deployment (GLAD) experiment. The second‐order velocity structure function and its decomposition into rotational and divergent components are examined. The results reveal that the divergent component, compared to the rotational component, dominates at scales below 5 km, and the pattern is reversed at larger scales. The divergent component has a slope near 2/3 below 5 km, similar to an energy cascade range (k−5/3). The third‐order velocity structure function at scales below 5 km is negative and implies a forward cascade of energy to smaller scales. The rotational component has a steeper slope, roughly 1.5, from scales of 5 km up to the deformation radius. This is similar to a 2‐D enstrophy cascade, although the slope is shallower than the predicted 2. There is a brief 2/3 range from the deformation radius to 200 km, suggestive of a 2‐D inverse cascade.
Diabatic heating and jet stream shifts: A case study of the 2010 negative North Atlantic Oscillation winter
Authors: Woollings Tim , Papritz Lukas , Mbengue Cheikh , Spengler Thomas 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe role of extratropical diabatic heating in the variability of storm tracks and jet streams remains an important open question. This paper analyzes the role of diabatic heating in observationally constrained analysis data for the 2010 winter, which was notable for an extreme southward shift of the North Atlantic eddy‐driven jet. An isentropic slope framework is employed by which the contribution of diabatic terms to the maintenance of seasonal mean baroclinicity can be quantified. This reveals a striking contrast between the eastern North Atlantic, where the latent heating shifted south along with the storm track in 2010, and the western North Atlantic, where the latent heating remained fixed over the Gulf Stream. This motivates the hypothesis that the latent heating may contribute to the anchoring of the storm track entrance over the Gulf Stream but provide a very different feedback on the jet variability downstream.
Spatial coherence of the seismic wavefield continuously recorded by the USArray
Authors: Seydoux L. , Shapiro N. M. , de Rosny J. , Landès M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe use a method based on the array covariance matrix eigenvalues to study the level of spatial coherence and of isotropy of the seismic wavefield continuously recorded during 2010 by the USArray. First, we observe that the raw data are often dominated by local sources. To remove their influence, we apply spectral and temporal normalizations to the input signals. We notice that this widely used preprocessing in ambient‐noise seismology does not fully homogenize the seismic wavefield and that some strongly coherent arrivals persist. Among these persistent signals generated by teleseismic sources we detect (1) seismic waves emitted by strong earthquakes, (2) a nearly continuous quasi‐monochromatic signal at 26 s period, and (3) multiday coherent wave trends in the spectral band of oceanic microseisms (0.07–0.2 Hz). For the latter, beamforming analysis shows that while most of the signals are composed of surface waves, some are dominated by body waves likely generated in the deep ocean.
An integral field spectrograph utilizing mirrorlet arrays
Authors: Chamberlin Phillip C. , Gong Qian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn integral field spectrograph (IFS) has been developed that utilizes a new and novel optical design to observe two spatial dimensions simultaneously with one spectral dimension. This design employs an optical 2‐D array of reflecting and focusing mirrorlets. This mirrorlet array is placed at the imaging plane of the front‐end telescope to generate a 2‐D array of tiny spots replacing what would be the slit in a traditional slit spectrometer design. After the mirrorlet in the optical path, a grating on a concave mirror surface will image the spot array and provide high‐resolution spectrum for each spatial element at the same time; therefore, the IFS simultaneously obtains the 3‐D data cube of two spatial and one spectral dimensions. The new mirrorlet technology is currently in‐house and undergoing laboratory testing at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Section 1 describes traditional classes of instruments that are used in Heliophysics missions and a quick introduction to the new IFS design. Section 2 discusses the details of the most generic mirrorlet IFS, while section 3 presents test results of a lab‐based instrument. An example application to a Heliophysics mission to study solar eruptive events in extreme ultraviolet wavelengths is presented in section 4 that has high spatial resolution (0.5 arc sec pixels) in the two spatial dimensions and high spectral resolution (66 mÅ) across a 15 Å spectral window. Section 4 also concludes with some other optical variations that could be employed on the more basic IFS for further capabilities of this type of instrument.
The parameterization of microchannel‐plate‐based detection systems
Authors: Gershman Daniel J. , Gliese Ulrik , Dorelli John C. , Avanov Levon A. , Barrie Alexander C. , Chornay Dennis J. , MacDonald Elizabeth A. , Holland Matthew P. , Giles Barbara L. , Pollock Craig J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe most common instrument for low‐energy plasmas consists of a top‐hat electrostatic analyzer (ESA) geometry coupled with a microchannel‐plate‐based (MCP‐based) detection system. While the electrostatic optics for such sensors are readily simulated and parameterized during the laboratory calibration process, the detection system is often less well characterized. Here we develop a comprehensive mathematical description of particle detection systems. As a function of instrument azimuthal angle, we parameterize (1) particle scattering within the ESA and at the surface of the MCP, (2) the probability distribution of MCP gain for an incident particle, (3) electron charge cloud spreading between the MCP and anode board, and (4) capacitive coupling between adjacent discrete anodes. Using the Dual Electron Spectrometers on the Fast Plasma Investigation on NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale mission as an example, we demonstrate a method for extracting these fundamental detection system parameters from laboratory calibration. We further show that parameters that will evolve in flight, namely, MCP gain, can be determined through application of this model to specifically tailored in‐flight calibration activities. This methodology provides a robust characterization of sensor suite performance throughout mission lifetime. The model developed in this work is not only applicable to existing sensors but also can be used as an analytical design tool for future particle instrumentation.
Where does the plasmasphere begin? Revisit to topside ionospheric profiles in comparison with plasmaspheric TEC from Jason‐1
Authors: Lee Han‐Byul , Kim Yong Ha , Kim Eunsol , Hong Junseok , Kwak Young‐Sil 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTopside ionospheric profiles have been measured by Alouette 1 and ISIS 1/2 in the periods of 1962–1972 and 1972–1979, respectively. The profiles cover from the orbital altitude of 1000 km to the F2 peak and show large variations over local time, latitude, and seasons. We here analyze these variations in comparison with plasmaspheric total electron contents (pTECs) that were measured by Jason‐1 satellite from the altitude of 1336 km to 20,200 km (GPS orbit). The scale heights of the profiles are generally smaller in the daytime than nighttime but show large day‐to‐day variations, implying that the ionospheric profiles at 1000 km are changing dynamically, rather than being in diffusive equilibrium. We also derived transition heights between O+ and H+, which show a clear minimum at dawn for low‐latitude profiles due to decreasing O+ density at night. To compare with pTEC, we compute topside ionospheric total electron content (tiTEC) by integrating over 800–1336 km using the slope of the profiles. The tiTEC varies in a clear diurnal pattern from ~0.3 to ~1 and ~3 total electron content unit (TECU, 1 TECU = 1016 el m−2) for low and high solar activity, respectively, whereas Jason‐1 pTEC values are distributed over 2–6 TECU and 4–8 TECU for low and high solar activity, respectively, with no apparent diurnal modulation. Latitudinal variations of tiTEC show distinctive hemispheric asymmetry while that of Jason‐1 pTEC is closely symmetric about the magnetic equator. The local time and latitudinal variations of tiTEC basically resemble those of the ionosphere but are characteristically different from those of Jason‐1 pTEC. Based on the difference between tiTEC and pTEC variations, we propose that the region above ~1300 km should be considered as the plasmasphere. Lower altitudes for the base of “plasmaspheric TEC,” as used in some studies, would cause contamination of ionospheric influence.
Statistical characteristics of potentially chorus‐driven energetic electron precipitation from POES observations
Authors: Li Haimeng , Yuan Zhigang , Wang Dedong , Huang Shiyong , Qiao Zheng , Yu Xiongdong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper, using the Polar Orbiting Environment Satellites (POES) in the year 2011, we present global distributions of energetic electron precipitation (EEP) events that may be driven by lower band chorus waves. Since the footprint of plasmapause in the ionospheric height can basically be equal to midlatitude trough minimum, it can be identified through the global total electron content map. Then we distinguish events perhaps driven by chorus waves outside the plasmapause or those driven by hiss waves inside the plasmapause. Based on the simultaneous observations of EEP in the E1 0° (>30 keV) and E2 0° (>100 keV) channels from POES satellites, a total of 4455 potentially chorus‐driven events are identified. The potentially chorus‐driven events are mainly distributed from midnight to noon which is similar to the distribution of lower band chorus waves. As the level of geomagnetic substorm activity increases, the occurrence rate is higher, which could be due to excitation of chorus waves associated with substorm electron injection. During higher level of substorm, a large number of events occur in lower L shells. Besides, since the magnetosphere on the dayside is compressed and strong chorus waves are limited to the region where the ratio between the plasma frequency and electron gyrofrequency is less than 5, under the strong substorm, the events on the nightside are confined to lower L shells due to smaller electron gyrofrequencies relative to those on the dayside. The occurrence rate of the events on the dayside also increases with enhancement of solar wind dynamic pressure, which suggests that the solar wind dynamic pressure can contribute to the excitation of events on the dayside. The statistics of potentially chorus‐driven events are helpful to analyze the distribution of lower band chorus waves and their contributions to the loss of energetic electrons in the inner magnetosphere.