bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective, open‐label, rater‐blinded and self‐controlled pilot study of the treatment of proliferating superficial infantile hemangiomas with 0.5% topical timolol cream versus 595‐nm pulsed dye laser
Authors: Ying Hanru , Zou Yun , Yu Wenxin , Qiu Yajing , Ma Gang , Chang Lei , Gu Yifei , Lyu Dongze , Lin Xiaoxi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTopical timolol and 595‐nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) are both widely used in the treatment of superficial infantile hemangiomas (IH). However, to date, there is no reliable study comparing the therapeutic outcomes between the two treatment options. We designed the present study to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of timolol cream and PDL in the treatment of superficial proliferating IH. Twenty‐one patients with superficial IH were included in the study. Each lesion was divided into two regions; one part was treated with 0.5% topical timolol cream four times daily, and the other part was treated monthly with PDL. Both treatments were continued for 2–6 months. Five independent and blinded assessors were asked to judge the results in both the topical timolol‐treated and PDL‐treated parts by comparing photographs taken before and after treatment. Both treatments resulted in significant clinical improvements after 3.39 sessions in the 2‐month follow up. The average visual evaluation showed that PDL had significantly better results than topical timolol (6.55 ± 2.26 to 4.98 ± 2.92, P < 0.01). No patients experienced permanent side‐effects during the treatment. Our short‐term study revealed that PDL had better results compared with topical timolol cream application in the treatment of superficial proliferating IH. Further studies with longer follow‐up time and larger sample size are required to validate our findings.
LUMBAR syndrome: A case manifesting as cutaneous infantile hemangiomas of the lower extremity, perineum and gluteal region, and a review of published work
Authors: Yu Xia , Zhang Jia , Wu Zhouwei , Liu Ming , Chen Ruhong , Gu Yan , Li Ming , Yao Zhirong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe herein report a rare case of LUMBAR syndrome. A 1‐month‐old female infant presented with extensive segmental hemangiomas on the left lower extremity, left perineum and gluteal region with ulceration. Bilateral labia minoras were asymmetrical. Both legs were asymmetrical with left leg atrophy, and the intergluteal cleft was deviated. A dark red pustule and a sacrococcygeal dimple could be seen in the lumbosacral region. Lipomyelomeningocele, tethered cord and sacrum dysplasia were noted by magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was found to have an absent left kidney at 32 weeks of pregnancy. Eventually, we draw the diagnosis of LUMBAR syndrome. In addition, we discuss the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and pathogenesis by a review of published work.
To graze or gorge: consistency and flexibility of individual foraging tactics in tits
Authors: Milligan Nicole D. , Radersma Reinder , Cole Ella F. , Sheldon Ben C. 
Published: February 2017

Summary

An individual's foraging behaviour and time allocated to feeding have direct consequences for its fitness. Despite much research on population‐level foraging decisions, few studies have investigated individual differences in fine‐scale daily foraging patterns among wild animals.

Here, we explore the consistency and plasticity of feeding tactics of individual great tits (Parus major) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), using a grid of 65 automated feeding stations in a 385‐ha woodland, during three winters. We use a principal component analysis to describe individual variation in six feeding parameters and examine how these differences covary with dominance‐linked attributes (species, age and sex), the personality trait ‘exploration behaviour’, distance to territory and local competition intensity.

Analysis of 933 086 feeder visits by 3134 individuals revealed that the majority of variation in the timing of feeding was explained by two principal components. PC1 (‘binge‐eating’), accounting for 38% of variation, captured temporal clustering of feeding, with high repeatability both within and between years (r range: 0·42–0·55). PC2 (‘transience’), accounting for 27% of variance, described how much individuals used feeders and was also repeatable (r: 0·34–0·62). While exhibiting consistent individual differences, birds also showed flexibility in foraging patterns, binge‐eating less and using feeders more when they experienced greater local competition.

Individuals in behaviourally dominant states (great tits, males and adults) binged more than subordinate birds (blue tits, females and juveniles) when their territories were distant from feeding stations. Moreover, great tits and males used feeders more than blue tits and females respectively, while birds feeding further from their territory used feeders less than those feeding closer. ‘Exploration behaviour’ was unrelated to both measures of daily foraging behaviour.

This study presents some of the first evidence that birds use consistent alternative foraging tactics at a fine temporal scale. Individuals are consistent in their tactics, and also adjust their foraging behaviour with changes in local competition. Hence, studies of foraging behaviour should consider the extent to which such individual‐level variability in foraging behaviour is under selection.
Complex inter‐Kingdom interactions: carnivorous plants affect growth of an aquatic vertebrate
Authors: Davenport Jon M. , Riley Alex W. 
Published: February 2017

Summary

Coexistence of organisms in nature is more likely when phenotypic similarities of individuals are reduced. Despite the lack of similarity, distantly related taxa still compete intensely for shared resources. No larger difference between organisms that share a common prey could exist than between carnivorous plants and animals. However, few studies have considered inter‐Kingdom competition among carnivorous plants and animals.

In order to evaluate interactions between a carnivorous plant (greater bladderwort, Utricularia vulgaris) and a vertebrate (bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus) on a shared prey (zooplankton), we conducted a mesocosm experiment. We deployed two levels of bladderwort presence (functional and crushed) and measured bluegill responses (survival and growth).

Zooplankton abundance was reduced the greatest in bluegill and functional bladderwort treatments. Bluegill survival did not differ among treatments, but growth was greatest with crushed bladderwort. Thus, bluegill growth was facilitated by reducing interference competition in the presence of crushed bladderwort. The facilitating effect was dampened, however, when functional bladderwort removed a shared prey.

To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to experimentally demonstrate interactions between a carnivorous plant and a fish. Our data suggest that carnivorous plants may actively promote or reduce animal co‐occurrence from some ecosystems via facilitation or competition.
A New Progressive Coalition? The European Left in a Time of Change
Authors: Gingrich Jane 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article examines changing patterns of voting for parties on the left in the UK and Europe. It shows that while combined support for social‐democratic, left and Green parties remains strong, the composition of the left's electorate has radically changed. Increasingly, left parties rely on a coalition of new middle‐class voters and traditional and new working‐class constituencies. This coalition is relatively cohesive on questions of economic redistribution, but divided on social and cultural issues. Recent instability in Labour's electoral coalition reflects broader structural trends facing left parties across Europe.
Effect of Vitamin D3 Fortification and Saskatoon Berry Syrup Addition on the Flavor Profile, Acceptability, and Antioxidant Properties of Rooibos Tea (Aspalathus linearis)
Authors: Grant Jennifer , Ryland Donna , Isaak Cara K. , Prashar Suvira , Siow Yaw L. , Taylor Carla G. , Aliani Michel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe unique characteristics and healthful reputation of caffeine‐free rooibos tea (RT) make it an ideal carrier for vitamin D3 supplementation, and a potential base for the addition of Saskatoon berry syrup (SBS), a natural flavor additive. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin D3 fortification and SBS addition on the flavor profile, consumer acceptability, and antioxidant properties of RT. Six formulations (RT, RT with SBS, RT with SBS and vitamin D3, RT with vitamin D3, green tea [GT], and GT with SBS) were evaluated by 12 trained panelists and 114 consumers. The formulations were also assessed for antioxidant capacity, physical characteristics, and untargeted phytochemical content. Sensory results revealed that the mean intensity values for berry and sweet attributes were significantly higher (P < 0.05) while bitter and astringent attributes were significantly lower when SBS was added to RT samples compared to those without syrup. Acceptability of flavor, aftertaste, and overall acceptability were also significantly higher for the RT with SBS. The addition of SBS to RT significantly increased the antioxidant capacities which may increase the related health benefits of RT. SBS contributed several polyphenols, particularly flavonoids, to the tea. Vitamin D3 added to RT formulations did not significantly affect the sensory attributes, acceptability, or antioxidant content. For the development of a functional vitamin D3 fortified iced‐tea beverage that can be consumed as part of the daily diet, SBS could be a favorable flavoring additive that may provide additional health benefits.
Identification of candidate pelagic marine protected areas through a seabird seasonal‐, multispecific‐ and extinction risk‐based approach
Authors: Krüger L. , Ramos J. A. , Xavier J. C. , Grémillet D. , González‐Solís J. , Kolbeinsson Y. , Militão T. , Navarro J. , Petry M. V. , Phillips R. A. , Ramírez I. , Reyes‐González J. M. , Ryan P. G. , Sigurðsson I. A. , Van Sebille E. , Wanless R. M. , Paiva V. H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWith increasing pressure on the oceans from environmental change, there has been a global call for improved protection of marine ecosystems through the implementation of marine protected areas (MPAs). Here, we used species distribution modelling (SDM) of tracking data from 14 seabird species to identify key marine areas in the southwest Atlantic Ocean, valuing areas based on seabird species occurrence, seasonality and extinction risk. We also compared overlaps between the outputs generated by the SDM and layers representing important human threats (fishing intensity, ship density, plastic and oil pollution, ocean acidification), and calculated loss in conservation value using fishing and ship density as cost layers. The key marine areas were located on the southern Patagonian Shelf, overlapping extensively with areas of high fishing activity, and did not change seasonally, while seasonal areas were located off south and southeast Brazil and overlapped with areas of high plastic pollution and ocean acidification. Non‐seasonal key areas were located off northeast Brazil on an area of high biodiversity, and with relatively low human impacts. We found support for the use of seasonal areas depending on the seabird assemblage used, because there was a loss in conservation value for the seasonal compared to the non‐seasonal approach when using ‘cost’ layers. Our approach, accounting for seasonal changes in seabird assemblages and their risk of extinction, identified additional candidate areas for incorporation in the network of pelagic MPAs.
Dominance of spotted stemborer Chilo partellusSwinhoe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) over indigenous stemborer species in Africa's changing climates: ecological and thermal biology perspectives
Authors: Mutamiswa Reyard , Chidawanyika Frank , Nyamukondiwa Casper 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Africa hosts several economically significant lepidopteran cereal stemborer species belonging to the Crambidae, Noctuidae and Pyralidae families. The invasive spotted stemborer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe), which is native to Asia, is one of the most damaging cereal stemborers in Africa. The impact of C. partellus on indigenous stemborer species remains unclear, although recent work demonstrates its increasing ecological influence and numerical advantage over Sesamia calamistis and Busseola fusca in African landscapes.
In the present study, we discuss C. partellus dominance under Africa's changing climates and highlight the ecological and thermal physiological factors that may contribute to its dominance over indigenous stemborer species. Chilo partellus is an efficient colonizer and competitor and may have an advantage under limited resources typical under climate change. Its invasion potential may also probably stem from its short generation time, overwintering physiology, temperature and relative humidity resilience, wide host preferences, and asynchrony with its biocontrol agents.
Using laboratory experiments, we show that C. partellus has a high basal temperature tolerance and related plasticity compared with S. calamistis and B. fusca. These results indicate that ecophysiology may determine invasion success and thus may explain the relative invasion advantage of C. partellus in African landscapes.
We recommend that future climate change work be directed towards more comprehensive stemborer total ecology research, stemborer thermal biology and implications on the efficacy of biocontrol. Specifically, knowledge of stemborer‐natural enemy evolutionary potential is vital for understanding how climate change and variability may shape host‐natural enemy interactions, with implications for pest forecasts, prediction models and pest management.
Caregiving‐related needs of family caregivers of older Singaporeans
Authors: Ajay Shweta , Østbye Truls , Malhotra Rahul 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo describe the extent and correlates of caregiving‐related needs among family caregivers of Singaporeans aged 75+ with ≥1 activity of daily living limitations (care‐recipients).MethodsNational survey data of 1181 care‐recipient/caregiver dyads were used. Caregiver's report (yes/no) of 16 needs was assessed. Care‐recipient and caregiver correlates of each need were determined through logistic regression analysis.ResultsCaregiving‐related needs were expressed by 42.3% caregivers. The most commonly reported need was keeping care‐recipient safe at home (24.5%). Needs concerned with caring for care‐recipients were more frequent than those concerned with the caregiver's own needs. The most frequent correlate was care‐recipient's extent of mood impairment (associated with 13 needs).ConclusionCaregivers should not neglect themselves when engaging in care provision. Families and service providers should explore whether reported lack of needs reflects limited awareness and/or under‐reporting.
The effect of co‐trimoxazole on serum potassium concentration: safety evaluation of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chan Wei Yee , Clark Allan B. , Wilson Andrew M. , Loke Yoon K. ,   on behalf of the TIPAC investigators
Published: February 2017

AimsCo‐trimoxazole maintains a well‐established role in the treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii and Toxoplasma gondii, as well as urinary tract infections. Observational studies report hyperkalaemia to be associated with co‐trimoxazole, which may stem from an amiloride‐like potassium‐sparing effect. The current study investigated changes in serum potassium in patients without acute infections, and the influence of concomitant antikaliuretic drugs on this effect.MethodsA post hoc analysis was carried out of a randomized controlled trial in patients with interstitial lung disease who were assigned to placebo or 960 mg co‐trimoxazole twice daily. Serum potassium and creatinine were measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 6, 9 and 12 months. The primary outcome was the difference in mean serum potassium concentrations between co‐trimoxazole and placebo at 6 weeks.ResultsMean serum potassium levels were similar at baseline: 4.24 (± 0.44) mmol l–1 in the 87 co‐trimoxazole group participants and 4.25 (± 0.39) mmol l–1 in the 83 control participants. Co‐trimoxazole significantly increased mean serum potassium levels at 6 weeks, with a difference between means compared with placebo of 0.21 mmol l–1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09, 0.34; P = 0.001). This significant increase in serum potassium was detectable even after exclusion of patients on antikaliuretic drugs, with a difference between means for co‐trimoxazole compared with placebo of 0.23 mmol l–1 (95% CI 0.09, 0.38; P = 0.002). There were 5/87 (5.7%) patients on co‐trimoxazole whose serum potassium concentrations reached ≥5.5 mmol l–1 during the study period.ConclusionsCo‐trimoxazole significantly increases serum potassium concentration, even in participants not using antikaliuretic drugs. While the magnitude of increase was often minor, a small proportion in our outpatient cohort developed hyperkalaemia of clinical importance.
Assessing the relative influence of hospital and surgeon volume on short‐term mortality after radical cystectomy
Authors: Waingankar Nikhil , Mallin Katherine , Smaldone Marc , Egleston Brian L. , Higgins Andrew , Winchester David P. , Uzzo Robert G. , Kutikov Alexander 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo assess the relationship between surgeon (SV) and hospital volume (HV) on mortality after radical cystectomy (RC).Patients and MethodsWe queried the National Cancer Database (NCDB) for adult patients undergoing RC between 2010 and 2013. We calculated average volume for each surgeon and hospital. Using propensity‐scored weights for combined volume groups with a proportional hazards regression model, we compared the associations between HV and SV with 90‐day survival after RC.ResultsA total of 19 346 RCs were performed at 927 hospitals by 2 927 surgeons in the period 2010–2013. The median (interquartile range) HV and SV were 12.3 (5.0–35.5) and 4.3 (1.3–12.3) cases, respectively. For HV, 90‐day unadjusted mortality was 8.5% in centres with <5 cases/year (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.7–9.3) and 5.6% in those with >30 cases/year (95% CI 5.0–6.2). For SV, 90‐day mortality was 8.1% for surgeons with <5 cases/year (95% CI 7.6–8.6) and 4.0% for those with >30 cases/year (95% CI 2.8–5.2; all P < 0.05). The 30‐day mortality rate was lowest for the combined HV–SV groups with HV >30, ranging from 1.6% to 2.1%.ConclusionsIn hospitals reporting to the NCDB, volume was associated with improved mortality after RC. These associations appear to be driven by hospital‐ rather than surgeon‐level effects. An elevated SV had a beneficial effect on mortality at the highest‐volume hospitals. These findings inform efforts to regionalize complex surgical care and improve quality at community and safety net hospitals.
Association of ORMDL3 with rhinovirus‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and type I Interferon responses in human leucocytes
Authors: Liu Y.‐P. , Rajamanikham V. , Baron M. , Patel S. , Mathur S. K. , Schwantes E. A. , Ober C. , Jackson D. J. , Gern J. E. , Lemanske R. F. , Smith J. A. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundChildren with risk alleles at the 17q21 genetic locus who wheeze during rhinovirus illnesses have a greatly increased likelihood of developing childhood asthma. In mice, overexpression of the 17q21 gene ORMDL3 leads to airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness. However, the mechanisms by which ORMDL3 predisposes to asthma are unclear. Previous studies have suggested that ORMDL3 induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and production of the type I interferon (IFN)‐regulated chemokine CXCL10.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between ORMDL3 and rhinovirus‐induced ER stress and type I IFN in human leucocytes.MethodsER stress was monitored by measuring HSPA5, CHOP and spliced XBP1 gene expression, and type I IFN by measuring IFNB1 (IFN‐β) and CXCL10 expression in human cell lines and primary leucocytes following treatment with rhinovirus. Requirements for cell contact and specific cell type in ORMDL3 induction were examined by transwell assay and depletion experiments, respectively. Finally, the effects of 17q21 genotype on the expression of ORMDL3, IFNB1 and ER stress genes were assessed.ResultsTHP‐1 monocytes overexpressing ORMDL3 responded to rhinovirus with increased IFNB1 and HSPA5. Rhinovirus‐induced ORMDL3 expression in primary leucocytes required cell–cell contact, and induction was suppressed by plasmacytoid dendritic cell depletion. The degree of rhinovirus‐induced ORMDL3, HSPA5 and IFNB1 expression varied by leucocyte type and 17q21 genotype, with the highest expression of these genes in the asthma‐associated genotype.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceMultiple lines of evidence support an association between higher ORMDL3 and increased rhinovirus‐induced HSPA5 and type I IFN gene expression. These associations with ORMDL3 are cell type specific, with the most significant 17q21 genotype effects on ORMDL3 expression and HSPA5 induction evident in B cells. Together, these findings have implications for how the interaction of increased ORMDL3 and rhinovirus may predispose to asthma.
Mutations of MYH14 are associated to anorectal malformations with recto‐perineal fistulas in a small subset of Chinese population
Authors: Zhu Zhongxian , Peng Lei , Chen Guanglin , Jiang Weiwei , Shen Ziyang , Du Chunxia , Zang Rujin , Su Yang , Xie Hua , Li Hongxing , Xia Yankai , Tang Weibing 
Published: February 2017

Background: Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are among the most commonly congenital abnormalities of distal hindgut development, ranging from anal stenosis to anal atresia with or without fistulas and persistent cloaca. The etiology remains elusive for most ARM cases and the majority of genetic studies on ARMs were based on a candidate gene approach.Materials and Methods: In all eight family members of a non‐consanguineous Chinese family, we performed whole‐exome sequencing. Subsequently, exome sequencing of MYH14 in 72 unrelated probands with ARMs was performed. The accurate distribution of non‐muscle myosin II heavy chain (NMHC II) was investigated by immunohistochemistry in serial sagittal sections of E11.5–13.5 mouse cloacal regions.Results: A homozygous mutation in MYH14 was identified in the two siblings of family 1. Compound heterozygous MYH14 changes were identified in an unrelated individual. Immunohistochemical analysis suggest stronger NMHC IIC localization in the epithelium of the murine embryonic cloaca, urorectal septum and hindgut compared with another two NMHC II isoforms.Conclusion: This is the first identification of mutations in MYH14 as a cause of ARMs. The stronger localization of NMHC IIC in E11.5–13.5 mouse cloacal regions further supports the role of MYH14 in anorectal development.