bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-linear, non-monotonic effect of nano-scale roughness on particle deposition in absence of an energy barrier: Experiments and modeling
Authors: Jin Chao , Glawdel Tomasz , Ren Carolyn L. , Emelko Monica B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDeposition of colloidal- and nano-scale particles on surfaces is critical to numerous natural and engineered environmental, health and industrial applications ranging from drinking water treatment to semi-conductor manufacturing. Nano-scale surface roughness-induced hydrodynamic impacts on particle deposition were evaluated in the absence of an energy barrier to deposition in a parallel plate system. A non-linear, non-monotonic relationship between deposition surface roughness and particle deposition flux was observed and a critical roughness size associated with minimum deposition flux or “sag effect” was identified. This effect was more significant for nanoparticles (<1 μm) than for colloids and was numerically simulated using a Convective-Diffusion model and experimentally validated. Inclusion of flow field and hydrodynamic retardation effects explained particle deposition profiles better than when only the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) force was considered. This work provides 1) a first comprehensive framework for describing the hydrodynamic impacts of nano-scale surface roughness on particle deposition by unifying hydrodynamic forces (using the most current approaches for describing flow field profiles and hydrodynamic retardation effects) with appropriately modified expressions for DLVO interaction energies and gravity forces in one model and 2) a foundation for further describing the impacts of more complicated scales of deposition surface roughness on particle deposition.
Critical roles for murine Reck in the regulation of vascular patterning and stabilization
Authors: de Almeida Glícia Maria , Yamamoto Mako , Morioka Yoko , Ogawa Shuichiro , Matsuzaki Tomoko , Noda Makoto 
Published: December 2015

AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) is known to play several important roles in vascular development, although the molecular mechanisms behind these remain largely unknown. RECK, a tumor suppressor downregulated in a wide variety of cancers, encodes a membrane-anchored matrix-metalloproteinase-regulator. Mice lacking functional Reck die in utero, demonstrating its importance for mammalian embryogenesis; however, the underlying causes of mid-gestation lethality remain unclear. Using Reck conditional knockout mice, we have now demonstrated that the lack of Reck in vascular mural cells is largely responsible for mid-gestation lethality. Experiments using cultured aortic explants further revealed that Reck is essential for at least two events in sprouting angiogenesis; (1) correct association of mural and endothelial tip cells to the microvessels and (2) maintenance of fibronectin matrix surrounding the vessels. These findings demonstrate the importance of appropriate cell-cell interactions and ECM maintenance for angiogenesis and the involvement of Reck as a critical regulator of these events.
Genipin inhibits NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome activation via autophagy suppression
Authors: Yu Shui-Xing , Du Chong-Tao , Chen Wei , Lei Qian-Qian , Li Ning , Qi Shuai , Zhang Xiao-Jing , Hu Gui-Qiu , Deng Xu-Ming , Han Wen-Yu , Yang Yong-Jun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInflammasomes are cytoplasmic, multiprotein complexes that trigger caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation in response to diverse stimuli. Although inflammasomes play important roles in host defense against microbial infection, overactive inflammasomes are deleterious and lead to various autoinflammatory diseases. In the current study, we demonstrated that genipin inhibits the induction of IL-1β production and caspase-1 activation by NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasomes. Furthermore, genipin specifically prevented NLRP3-mediated, but not NLRC4-mediated, ASC oligomerization. Notably, genipin inhibited autophagy, leading to NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome inhibition. UCP2-ROS signaling may be involved in inflammasome suppression by genipin. In vivo, we showed that genipin inhibited NLRP3-dependent IL-1β production and neutrophil flux in LPS- and alum-induced murine peritonitis. Additionally, genipin provided protection against flagellin-induced lung inflammation by reducing IL-1β production and neutrophil recruitment. Collectively, our results revealed a novel role in inhibition of inflammatory diseases for genipin that has been used as therapeutics for centuries in herb medicine.
Identifying transcription start sites and active enhancer elements using BruUV-seq
Authors: Magnuson Brian , Veloso Artur , Kirkconnell Killeen S. , Lima Leonardo Carmo de Andrade , Paulsen Michelle T. , Ljungman Emily A. , Bedi Karan , Prasad Jayendra , Wilson Thomas E. , Ljungman Mats 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBruUV-seq utilizes UV light to introduce transcription-blocking DNA lesions randomly in the genome prior to bromouridine-labeling and deep sequencing of nascent RNA. By inhibiting transcription elongation, but not initiation, pre-treatment with UV light leads to a redistribution of transcription reads resulting in the enhancement of nascent RNA signal towards the 5′-end of genes promoting the identification of transcription start sites (TSSs). Furthermore, transcripts associated with arrested RNA polymerases are protected from 3′–5′ degradation and thus, unstable transcripts such as putative enhancer RNA (eRNA) are dramatically increased. Validation of BruUV-seq against GRO-cap that identifies capped run-on transcripts showed that most BruUV-seq peaks overlapped with GRO-cap signal over both TSSs and enhancer elements. Finally, BruUV-seq identified putative enhancer elements induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment concomitant with expression of nearby TNF-induced genes. Taken together, BruUV-seq is a powerful new approach for identifying TSSs and active enhancer elements genome-wide in intact cells.
Identification of climate factors related to human infection with avian influenza A H7N9 and H5N1 viruses in China
Authors: Li Jing , Rao Yuhan , Sun Qinglan , Wu Xiaoxu , Jin Jiao , Bi Yuhai , Chen Jin , Lei Fumin , Liu Qiyong , Duan Ziyuan , Ma Juncai , Gao George F. , Liu Di , Liu Wenjun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHuman influenza infections display a strongly seasonal pattern. However, whether H7N9 and H5N1 infections correlate with climate factors has not been examined. Here, we analyzed 350 cases of H7N9 infection and 47 cases of H5N1 infection. The spatial characteristics of these cases revealed that H5N1 infections mainly occurred in the South, Middle and Northwest of China, while the occurrence of H7N9 was concentrated in coastal areas of East and South of China. Aside from spatial-temporal characteristics, the most adaptive meteorological conditions for the occurrence of human infections by these two viral subtypes were different. We found that H7N9 infections correlate with climate factors, especially temperature (TEM) and relative humidity (RHU), while H5N1 infections correlate with TEM and atmospheric pressure (PRS). Hence, we propose a risky window (TEM 4–14 °C and RHU 65–95%) for H7N9 infection and (TEM 2–22 °C and PRS 980-1025 kPa) for H5N1 infection. Our results represent the first step in determining the effects of climate factors on two different virus infections in China and provide warning guidelines for the future when provinces fall into the risky windows. These findings revealed integrated predictive meteorological factors rooted in statistic data that enable the establishment of preventive actions and precautionary measures against future outbreaks.
Difference in left renal vein pressure: an indicator for free of reconstruction after ligation in retroperitoneal tumor patients
Authors: Miao Chengli , Xiao Mengmeng , Li Tengyan , Liu Gang , Liu Xing , Kong Yue , Luo Chenghua 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe hypothesized that the left renal vein pressure difference (ΔP) before and after the ligation can serve as an objective indicator for free of reconstruction after resection of a retroperitoneal tumor with renal segment of inferior vena cava and right kidney. After established a model of left renal vein compression, 45 miniature pigs were operated on experimental procedures including renal segment of inferior vena cava resection, right nephrectomy and left renal vein ligation. The ΔPs of left renal vein before and after the ligation were measured. Safe ΔP variation without causing acute kidney injury was calculated using regression analysis. In human the safety range of ΔP before and after ligation of the left renal vein was calculated by diuretic response test. The safety range of ΔP in animals or human was 0–11.9 or 0–17.5 cm H2O, respectively. The renal function changed dramatically (p < 0.01), characterized by a significant increase in the rate of acute kidney injury when the ΔP was beyond the upper limit of the safety range. In conclusion, ΔP can predict free of reconstruction after resection of a retroperitoneal tumor with the renal segment of the inferior vena cava and the right kidney.
Magnetically controlled planar hyperbolic metamaterials for subwavelength resolution
Authors: Cheng Bo Han , Chen Hong Wen , Chang Kai Jiun , Lan Yung-Chiang , Tsai Din Ping 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBreaking diffraction limitation is one of the most important issues and still remains to be solved for the demand of high-density optoelectronic components, especially for the photolithography industry. Since the scattered signals of fine feature (i.e. the size is smaller than half of the illuminating wavelength λ) are evanescent, these signals cannot be captured by using conventional glass- or plastic-based optical lens. Hence the corresponding fine feature is lost. In this work, we propose and analyze a magnetically controlled InSb-dielectric multi-layered structure with ability of subwavelength resolution at THz region. This layered structure can resolve subwavelength structures at different frequencies merely changing the magnitude of external magnetic field. Furthermore, the resolving power for a fixed incident frequency can be increased by only increasing the magnitude of applied external magnetic field. By using transfer matrix method and effective medium approach, the mechanism of achieving super resolution is elucidated. The electromagnetic numerical simulation results also prove the rationality and feasibility of the proposed design. Because the proposed device can be dynamically reconfigured by simply changing the magnitude of external magnetic field, it would provide a practical route for multi-functional material, real-time super-resolution imaging and photolithography.
Design of full-k-space flat bands in photonic crystals beyond the tight-binding picture
Authors: Xu Changqing , Wang Gang , Hang Zhi Hong , Luo Jie , Chan C. T. , Lai Yun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBased on a band engineering method, we propose a theoretical prescription to create a full-k-space flat band in dielectric photonic crystals covering the whole Brillouin Zone. With wave functions distributed in air instead of in the dielectrics, such a flat band represents a unique mechanism for achieving flat dispersions beyond the tight-binding picture, which can enormously reduce the requirement of permittivity contrast in the system. Finally, we propose and numerically demonstrate a unique application based on the full-k-space coverage of the flat band: ultra-sensitive detection of small scatterers.
Effects of probucol on cell proliferation in human ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Chuang Lea-Yea , Guh Jinn-Yuh , Ye Yi-Ling , Lee Ying-Ho , Huang Jau-Shyang 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Probucol is considered to be an important agent in promoting anti-oxidative action and protecting against tissue injury. However, little is known about the effects of probucol on the progression of ovarian carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probucol on cellular proliferation in human ovarian cancer cells (PA-1 and SKOV-3) and explore the anti-proliferative mechanism of probucol in these cells. We found that probucol decreased cell growth in PA-1 and SKOV-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with probucol had no effect on cytotoxicity, the percentages of Annexin V-FITC positive cells and caspase-3 activity when compared with the vehicle group. No significant differences in the protein expression of Bcl-2 and cytochrome c were observed, both of which were markers of cells undergoing apoptosis. The inhibition of cellular proliferation by probucol was caused by G1-phase arrest through regulating proteins associated with cell cycle progression, such as cyclin D1, p21Waf1/Cip1, and p27Kip1. A further study revealed that probucol strongly impaired the phosphorylation of IκBα and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65). It also suppressed the activation of ERK/JNK/p38 MAPK signaling. Moreover, the NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC), the ERK inhibitor (PD98059), the JNK inhibitor (SP600125), and the p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) markedly attenuated the growth of these cells. Our results indicate that probucol induces anti-proliferative effects via blocking of cell cycle progression and inactivation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways in human ovarian cancer cells.
Antifungal drug itraconazole targets VDAC1 to modulate the AMPK/mTOR signaling axis in endothelial cells
Authors: Head Sarah A. , Shi Wei , Zhao Liang , Gorshkov Kirill , Pasunooti Kalyan , Chen Yue , Deng Zhiyou , Li Ruo-jing , Shim Joong Sup , Tan Wenzhi , Hartung Thomas , Zhang Jin , Zhao Yingming , Colombini Marco , Liu Jun O. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Tumors promote angiogenesis to facilitate their growth and metastasis; thus, inhibition of angiogenesis is a promising strategy for treating cancer. During angiogenesis, endothelial cells (EC) are stimulated by proangiogenic factors to proliferate and migrate, leading to the formation of new blood vessels. Understanding the mechanisms regulating EC function therefore is essential for the development of new antiangiogenic interventions. Here, we identify a novel mechanism of EC regulation by the recently discovered angiogenesis inhibitor itraconazole, mediated by direct binding to the mitochondrial protein voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1). VDAC1 inhibition perturbs mitochondrial ATP production, leading to activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway and subsequent inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin, a regulator of EC proliferation. This study suggests VDAC1 may serve as a new therapeutic target for angiogenesis inhibition.
5-hydroxymethylation of the EBV genome regulates the latent to lytic switch
Authors: Wille Coral K. , Nawandar Dhananjay M. , Henning Amanda N. , Ma Shidong , Oetting Kayla M. , Lee Dennis , Lambert Paul , Johannsen Eric C. , Kenney Shannon C. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) normally establishes a lytic infection in differentiated epithelial cells. However, in the abnormal context of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), EBV latently infects undifferentiated epithelial cells. Here we demonstrate that the EBV genome can become 5-hydroxymethylated and that this DNA modification affects EBV lytic reactivation. We find that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine accumulates during differentiation of normal epithelial cells but not in EBV+ NPCs. Furthermore, we show that ten–eleven translocation (TET) enzymes dysregulate lytic viral reactivation by altering the 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine state of lytic promoters. These data suggest that loss of TET activity may promote cellular hypermethylation and alter EBV gene regulation in NPC tumors.
Modular Development of Cortical Gray Matter Across Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Krongold Mark , Cooper Cassandra , Bray Signe 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Brain maturation across childhood and adolescence is characterized by cortical thickness (CT) and volume contraction, and early expansion of surface area (SA). These processes occur asynchronously across the cortical surface, with functional, topographic, and network-based organizing principles proposed to account for developmental patterns. Characterizing regions undergoing synchronized development can help determine whether “maturational networks” overlap with well-described functional networks, and whether they are targeted by neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. In the present study, we modeled changes with age in CT, SA, and volume from 335 typically developing subjects in the NIH MRI study of normal brain development, with 262 followed longitudinally for a total of 724 scans. Vertices showing similar maturation between 5 and 22 years were grouped together using data-driven clustering. Patterns of CT development distinguished sensory and motor regions from association regions, and were vastly different from SA patterns, which separated anterior from posterior regions. Developmental modules showed little similarity to networks derived from resting-state functional connectivity. Our findings present a novel perspective on maturational changes across the cortex, showing that several proposed organizing principles of cortical development co-exist, albeit in different structural parameters, and enable visualization of developmental trends occurring in parallel at remote cortical sites.
Long-term Outcomes of Military Service in Aging and the Life Course: A Positive Re-envisioning
Authors: Spiro Avron , Settersten Richard A. , Aldwin Carolyn M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMost research on military service focuses on its short-term negative consequences, especially the mental and physical injuries of those deployed in warzones. However, studies of long-term outcomes reveal surprisingly positive effects of military service—both those early in adulthood that grow over time and others that can emerge later in life. These multidomain effects have been found in veterans of World War II and the Korean War and are now being seen in veterans of the Vietnam War. Although some are directly attributable to public policies such as the GI Bill, which facilitate educational and economic gains, there are personal developmental gains as well, including autonomy, emotional maturity and resilience, mastery, and leadership skills, that lead to better health and well-being in later life. These long-term effects vary across persons, change over time within persons, and often reflect processes of cumulative advantage and disadvantage. We propose a life-span model of the effects of military service that provides a perspective for probing both long-term positive and negative outcomes for aging veterans. We further explicate the model by focusing on both sociocultural dynamics and individual processes. We identify public-use data that can be examined to evaluate this model, and offer a set of questions that can be used to assess military service. Finally, we outline an agenda for dedicated inquiry into such effects and consider policy implications for the health and well-being of aging veterans in later life.
ICES meets marine historical ecology: placing the history of fish and fisheries in current policy context
Authors: Engelhard Georg H. , Thurstan Ruth H. , MacKenzie Brian R. , Alleway Heidi K. , Bannister R. Colin A. , Cardinale Massimiliano , Clarke Maurice W. , Currie Jock C. , Fortibuoni Tomaso , Holm Poul , Holt Sidney J. , Mazzoldi Carlotta , Pinnegar John K. , Raicevich Saša , Volckaert Filip A. M. , Klein Emily S. , Lescrauwaet Ann-Katrien ,   Handling editor: Emory Anderson
Published: December 2015

Abstract
As a discipline, marine historical ecology (MHE) has contributed significantly to our understanding of the past state of the marine environment when levels of human impact were often very different from those today. What is less widely known is that insights from MHE have made headway into being applied within the context of present-day and long-term management and policy. This study draws attention to the applied value of MHE. We demonstrate that a broad knowledge base exists with potential for management application and advice, including the development of baselines and reference levels. Using a number of case studies from around the world, we showcase the value of historical ecology in understanding change and emphasize how it either has already informed management or has the potential to do so soon. We discuss these case studies in a context of the science–policy interface around six themes that are frequently targeted by current marine and maritime policies: climate change, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem structure, habitat integrity, food security, and human governance. We encourage science–policy bodies to actively engage with contributions from MHE, as well-informed policy decisions need to be framed within the context of historical reference points and past resource or ecosystem changes.
The Feasibility of Two Screws Anterior Fixation for Type II Odontoid Fracture Among Arabs
Authors: Marwan Yousef , Kombar Osama Rabie , Al-Saeed Osama , Aleidan Aljarrah , Samir Ahmed , Esmaeel Ali 
Published: December 2015

Study Design.
Retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Objective.
To evaluate the feasibility of two screws anterior fixation of the odontoid process among Arab adults.

Summary of Background Data.
Anterior screw fixation is the treatment of choice for type II odontoid fractures. In order to perform the procedure safely, the diameter of the odontoid process should be wide enough to allow for the placement of one or two screws.

Methods.
A retrospective review of 156 computed tomography scans of the cervical spine was done. The included patients were Arabs, adults (at least 18 years old), and had no evidence of upper cervical spine trauma, deformity, infection, tumor, or surgery. The minimum external transverse diameter (METD), minimum internal transverse diameter (MITD), minimum external anteroposterior diameter (MEAD), and minimum internal anteroposterior diameter (MIAD) of the odontoid process were measured. A P value of ≤0.05 was considered as the cutoff level of statistical significance.

Results.
Our study included 94 (60.3%) males and 62 (39.7%) females. The mean age of the subjects was 37.8 ± 16.9 years (range 18–85). The mean values of the METD, MITD, MEAD, and MIAD were 8.7 ± 1.0 mm, 6.0 ± 1.1 mm, 10.3 ± 1.0 mm, and 7.4 ± 1.1 mm, respectively. Men had larger diameters compared to women. This was statistically significant for METD (P = 0.035) and MEAD (P < 0.001). The METD was <9.0 mm in 95 (60.9%) subjects, while the MITD was <8.0 mm in 153 (98.1%) subjects. These findings were not significantly different between males and females.

Conclusion.
Two screws anterior fixation of type II odontoid fracture is not feasible among the majority of Arabs.

Level of Evidence: 3