bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geological interpretation of volcanism and segmentation of the Mariana back‐arc spreading center between 12.7°N and 18.3°N
Authors: Anderson Melissa O. , Chadwick William W. , Hannington Mark D. , Merle Susan G. , Resing Joseph A. , Baker Edward T. , Butterfield David A. , Walker Sharon L. , Augustin Nico 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe relationships between tectonic processes, magmatism, and hydrothermal venting along ∼600 km of the slow‐spreading Mariana back‐arc between 12.7°N and 18.3°N reveal a number of similarities and differences compared to slow‐spreading mid‐ocean ridges. Analysis of the volcanic geomorphology and structure highlights the complexity of the back‐arc spreading center. Here, ridge segmentation is controlled by large‐scale basement structures that appear to predate back‐arc rifting. These structures also control the orientation of the chains of cross‐arc volcanoes that characterize this region. Segment‐scale faulting is oriented perpendicular to the spreading direction, allowing precise spreading directions to be determined. Four morphologically distinct segment types are identified: dominantly magmatic segments (Type I); magmatic segments currently undergoing tectonic extension (Type II); dominantly tectonic segments (Type III); and tectonic segments currently undergoing magmatic extension (Type IV). Variations in axial morphology (including eruption styles, neovolcanic eruption volumes, and faulting) reflect magma supply, which is locally enhanced by cross‐arc volcanism associated with N‐S compression along the 16.5°N and 17.0°N segments. In contrast, cross‐arc seismicity is associated with N‐S extension and increased faulting along the 14.5°N segment, with structures that are interpreted to be oceanic core complexes—the first with high‐resolution bathymetry described in an active back‐arc basin. Hydrothermal venting associated with recent magmatism has been discovered along all segment types.
Testing the sensitivity of past climates to the indirect effects of dust
Authors: Sagoo Navjit , Storelvmo Trude 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMineral dust particles are important ice nuclei (IN) and as such indirectly impact Earth's radiative balance via the properties of cold clouds. Using the Community Earth System Model version 1.0.6, and Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1, and a new empirical parameterization for ice nucleation on dust particles, we investigate the radiative forcing induced by dust IN for different dust loadings. Dust emissions are representative of global conditions for the Last Glacial Maximum and the mid‐Pliocene Warm Period. Increased dust leads to smaller and more numerous ice crystals in mixed phase clouds, impacting cloud opacity, lifetime, and precipitation. This increases the shortwave cloud radiative forcing, resulting in significant surface temperature cooling and polar amplification—which is underestimated in existing studies relative to paleoclimate archives. Large hydrological changes occur and are linked to an enhanced dynamical response. We conclude that dust indirect effects could potentially have a significant impact on the model‐data mismatch that exists for paleoclimates.
Non‐self‐similar source property for microforeshocks of the 2014 Mw 6.2 Northern Nagano, central Japan, earthquake
Authors: Imanishi Kazutoshi , Uchide Takahiko 
Published: May 2017

AbstractForeshocks are considered as part of the preparation process for large earthquakes and, as such, can provide important constraints on earthquake generation. We examine the characteristics of the 4 day long foreshock sequence of the 2014 Northern Nagano earthquake (Mw 6.2) using seismograms recorded by a dense seismic observation network including data from a deep borehole closest to the foreshock region. The improved earthquake catalog shows a slow‐speed migration of the sequence toward the main shock hypocenter, implying possible slow‐slip transients which should have caused stress loading at the main shock hypocenter. An analysis of source spectra reveals that foreshocks for Mw < 1.5 display a weaker dependence of corner frequency on magnitude than expected for self‐similar scaling, suggesting that these microforeshocks can be regarded as small low‐frequency earthquakes. So far, we might have missed the expected weak low‐frequency preseismic signals, because they emerge only below a certain magnitude and are generally embedded in background noise.
Regiodivergent Visible Light‐Induced C–H Functionalization of Quinolines at C‐5 and C‐8 under Metal‐, Photosensitizer‐ and Oxidant‐Free Conditions
Authors: Arockiam Percia Beatrice , Guillemard Lucas , Wencel‐Delord Joanna 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA general strategy towards the selective perfluoroalkylation of quinoline derivatives at C‐5 and C‐8 is described. This exceptionally mild radical transformation, compatible with a large panel of substrates, does not require any transition metal catalysts or oxidants. Outstandingly, visible light photoinduction using simple household bulbs, in the absence of a photosensitizer, is the unique activation mode. Further importance of this reaction relies on its capacity to functionalize selectively both C‐5 and C‐8 positions of quinolines. This transformation, perfectly fulfilling green chemistry requirements, allows a truly practical and straightforward access to a variety of unprecedented functionalized amino‐ and amidoquinoline skeletons, presenting attractive features for medicinal and agrochemical industry.magnified image
Prolonged denervation induces remodeling of nasal mucosa in rat model of posterior nasal neurectomy
Authors: Nishijima Hironobu , Kondo Kenji , Toma‐Hirano Makiko , Kikuta Shu , Ando Mizuo , Ueha Rumi , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe posterior nasal nerve is the dominant source of the parasympathetic, sympathetic, and sensory fibers that innervate the nasal respiratory mucosa. Therefore, a posterior nasal neurectomy (PNN) induces denervation of the nasal mucosa and relieves the nasal symptoms of intractable rhinitis. PNN depletes nerve fibers, choline acetyltransferase, and neuropeptides in nasal respiratory mucosa, and reduces nasal secretion. However, the histological and symptomatic changes over an extended period after PNN remain unknown.MethodsUsing a rat model of PNN via the transorbital approach, we investigated chronological changes of nasal morphology, innervation, and secretion over a 48‐week postoperative period after PNN.ResultsThe respiratory nasal mucosa exhibited squamous metaplasia, lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration, basement membrane thickening, loss of cilia, and hyperplasia of the mucus gland in thickened epithelium with increased connective tissue from 24 weeks after PNN. These changes resemble the characteristics of remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis. DNA microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that mucin 5ac, interleukin 13, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor messenger RNA (mRNA) were upregulated in PNN‐treated mucosa compared to untreated mucosa. During this period, nerve fibers including sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic fibers gradually reinnervated the mucosa from 12 weeks after PNN. However, nasal secretion was decreased even at 48 weeks after PNN probably due to the prolonged absence of choline acetyltransferase.ConclusionProlonged denervation induces remodeling of the nasal mucosa. Although the depleted nerves were partially reinnervated a few months after PNN, nasal secretion was still suppressed, partly due to a sustained deficiency of acetylcholine synthesis.
SERS‐ and Electrochemically Active 3D Plasmonic Liquid Marbles for Molecular‐Level Spectroelectrochemical Investigation of Microliter Reactions
Authors: Koh Charlynn Sher Lin , Lee Hiang Kwee , Phan‐Quang Gia Chuong , Han Xuemei , Lee Mian Rong , Yang Zhe , Ling Xing Yi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLiquid marbles are emergent microreactors owing to their isolated environment and the flexibility of materials used. Plasmonic liquid marbles (PLMs) are demonstrated as the smallest spectroelectrochemical microliter‐scale reactor for concurrent spectro‐ and electrochemical analyses. The three‐dimensional Ag shell of PLMs are exploited as a bifunctional surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform and working electrode for redox process modulation. The combination of SERS and electrochemistry (EC) capabilities enables in situ molecular read‐out of transient electrochemical species, and elucidate the potential‐dependent and multi‐step reaction dynamics. The 3D configuration of our PLM‐based EC‐SERS system exhibits 2‐fold and 10‐fold superior electrochemical and SERS performance than conventional 2D platforms. The rich molecular‐level electrochemical insights and excellent EC‐SERS capabilities offered by our 3D spectroelectrochemical system are pertinent in charge transfer processes.
Total Synthesis of (±)‐Waihoensene
Authors: Lee Hongsoo , Kang Taek , Lee Hee‐Yoon 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe first total synthesis of waihoensene, a tetracyclic diterpene containing an angular triquinane and a six‐membered ring, with four contiguous quaternary carbon atoms, was achieved through the tandem cycloaddition reaction of an allenyl diazo substrate containing a six‐membered ring via trimethylenemethane (TMM) diyl intermediate.
Study on kinetics of reactive extraction of propranolol enantiomers by multiple linear regression method
Authors: Zhang Panliang , Cheng Qing , Tang Kewen , Qiu Yunren , Xu Weifeng , Jiang Pan , Dai Guilin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractKinetic study on reactive extraction of propranolol (Pra) enantiomers with di‐cyclohexyl (D)‐tartrate (DT) and boric acid (BA) as combined chiral selector was performed in a modified Lewis cell. The effects of agitation speed, interfacial area, pH value of aqueous phase, as well as initial concentrations of DT, BA and Pra enantiomers on extraction rate were investigated. The experimental data were analyzed by multiple linear regression method to evaluate some important parameters. It was found that the interfacial reaction is 0.4, 0.8 and 0.8 order separately with respect to BA, Pra and DT, and the forward rate constants have been found to be 5.08 × 10−4 L/(mol s) for (R)‐Pra and 2.42 × 10−4 L/(mol s) for (S)‐Pra. An interfacial reaction mechanism was proposed to understand the rate equation. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospun fibers of poly(l‐lactic acid) containing lovastatin with potential applications in drug delivery
Authors: Zhu Yazhe , Pyda Marek , Cebe Peggy 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTLovastatin (Merck's Mevacor) is a statin drug designed to lower cholesterol, and reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke. We use electrospinning to combine the biomedical properties of lovastatin with the advantages of electrospun fibers to prepare a composite biomaterial for lovastatin delivery. Poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA), a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, was co‐spun with lovastatin. Incorporation of lovastatin at 5 or 10 wt % improved fiber alignment and surface smoothness, and increased fiber diameter. Influence of lovastatin on the phase structure (crystal, mobile amorphous, and rigid amorphous fractions) was investigated using scanning calorimetry and synchrotron X‐ray scattering. Addition of lovastatin resulted in increased crystallinity and reduced mobile amorphous fraction. PLLA fibers were characterized in terms of their drug release kinetics in comparison to PLLA film. High drug entrapment efficiency (ranging from 72% to 82%) and appropriate release profiles were achieved.In vitrodrug release studies demonstrated that release occurred in two stages: an initial rapid release over the first day and a slower second stage of release which approached a plateau after 7 days. PLLA fibers have a higher release rate than comparable film. Electrospun biomaterial fibers of PLLA provide a promising new release strategy for delivery of lovastatin. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 45287.
Conditional Macrophage Depletion Increases Inflammation and Does Not Inhibit the Development of Osteoarthritis in Obese Macrophage Fas‐Induced Apoptosis–Transgenic Mice
Authors: Wu Chia‐Lung , McNeill Jenna , Goon Kelsey , Little Dianne , Kimmerling Kelly , Huebner Janet , Kraus Virginia , Guilak Farshid 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate whether short‐term, systemic depletion of macrophages can mitigate osteoarthritis (OA) following injury in the setting of obesity.MethodsCSF‐1R–GFP+macrophage Fas‐induced apoptosis (MaFIA)–transgenic mice that allow conditional depletion of macrophages were placed on a high‐fat diet and underwent surgery to induce knee OA. A small molecule (AP20187) was administrated to deplete macrophages in MaFIA mice. The effects of macrophage depletion on acute joint inflammation, OA severity, and arthritic bone changes were evaluated using histology and micro–computed tomography. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to identify various immune cells. The levels of serum and synovial fluid cytokines were also measured.ResultsMacrophage‐depleted mice had significantly fewer M1 and M2 macrophages in the surgically operated joints relative to controls and exhibited decreased osteophyte formation immediately following depletion. Surprisingly, macrophage depletion did not attenuate the severity of OA in obese mice; instead, it induced systemic inflammation and led to a massive infiltration of CD3+ T cells and particularly neutrophils, but not B cells, into the injured joints. Macrophage‐depleted mice also demonstrated a markedly increased number of proinflammatory cytokines including granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor in both serum and joint synovial fluid, although the mice showed a trend toward decreased levels of insulin and leptin in serum after macrophage depletion.ConclusionOur findings indicate that macrophages are vital for modulating homeostasis of immune cells in the setting of obesity and suggest that more targeted approaches of depleting specific macrophage subtypes may be necessary to mitigate inflammation and OA in the setting of obesity.
Impact of Hydrogen Bonding on the Susceptibility of Peptides to Oxidation
Authors: Chan Bun , Moran Damian , Easton Christopher J. , Radom Leo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe tendency of peptides to be oxidized is intimately connected with their function and even their ability to exist in an oxidative environment. Here we report high‐level theoretical studies that show that hydrogen bonding can alter the susceptibility of peptides to oxidation, with complexation to a hydrogen‐bond acceptor facilitating oxidation, and vice versa, impacting the feasibility of a diverse range of biological processes. It can even provide an energetically viable mechanistic alternative to direct hydrogen‐atom abstraction. We find that hydrogen bonding to representative reactive groups leads to a broad (≈400 kJ mol−1) spectrum of ionization energies in the case of model amide, thiol and phenol systems. While some of the oxidative processes at the extreme ends of the spectrum are energetically prohibitive, subtle environmental and solvent effects could potentially mitigate the situation, leading to a balance between hydrogen bonding and oxidative susceptibility.
Hetero Face‐to‐Face Porphyrin Array with Cooperative Effects of Coordination and Host–Guest Complexation
Authors: Chiba Yusuke , Liu Maning , Tachibana Yasuhiro , Fujihara Tetsuaki , Tsuji Yasushi , Terao Jun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe successfully synthesized a hetero face‐to‐face porphyrin array composed of ZnTPP and RuTPP(DABCO)2 (TPP: 5, 10, 15, 20‐tetraphenylporphyrin, DABCO: 1,4‐diazabi‐cyclo[2.2.2]octane) in 2:1 molar ratio. A cyclic Zn porphyrin dimer (ZnCP) was also used as the host molecule for the Ru porphyrin. In the latter, the Ru‐DABCO bonding in RuTPP(DABCO)2 was stabilized by the host‐guest complexation. Reaction progress kinetic analysis of the ligand substitution reaction of RuTPP(DABCO)2 and that in ZnCP revealed the stabilization mechanism of the Ru‐DABCO bonding. Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the Zn porphyrin to the Ru porphyrin was observed in the porphyrin array. The host‐guest stabilization of unstable complex for construction of a donor—acceptor–donor structure is expected to be a new method for an artificial photosynthesis.
Using collaborative learning scenarios to teach programming to non‐CS majors
Authors: Echeverría Leovy , Cobos Ruth , Machuca Liliana , Claros Ivan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article presents a new approach based on “collaborative scenarios” to enhance teaching–learning programming in non‐Computer Science oriented curricula. In this context, a literature review of tools related to teaching programming since a collaborative approach is presented. The collaborative scenarios was supported by a platform called TASystem, and applied in a case study carried out with students from Topographic Engineering Department at the Universidad del Valle (Colombia). The students’ social interaction was analyzed with Social Network Analysis and Content Analysis techniques and so was the students’ performance. The results showed an improvement in the students’ performance and an increment in the social relationship among the students.
Atrial flutter in a patient with atrial septal defect and anomalous venous drainage: unusual approach for ablation
Authors: Roca‐Luque Ivo , Rivas Nuria , Dos Laura , Francisco Jaume , Pérez‐Rodon Jordi , Pijuan Antònia , Garcia‐Dorado David , Moya Àngel 
Published: May 2017

Key Clinical MessageAtrial flutter ablation in CHD (Congenital Heart Disease) patients is a challenging procedure because of the possibility of multiple circuits. Electroanatomical mapping and pacing maneuvers are crucial to determine critical isthmus. Moreover, vascular abnormalities and residual cardiac defects need to be known before the ablation to decide the better strategy for ablation.
Meta‐Model‐Based Calibration and Sensitivity Studies of Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Jet Pumps
Authors: Kajero Olumayowa T. , Thorpe Rex B. , Yao Yuan , Hill Wong David Shan , Chen Tao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCalibration and sensitivity studies in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of process equipment such as the annular jet pump are suitable for design, analysis, and optimization. The application of CFD for such purposes is computationally intensive. Hence, an alternative approach with kriging‐based meta‐models was utilized. Calibration via the adjustment of two turbulent model parameters, and , and likewise two parameters in the simulation correlation for was considered, while sensitivity studies were based on as input. The meta‐model‐based calibration aids exploration of different parameter combinations. Computational time was also reduced with kriging‐assisted sensitivity studies which investigated the effect of different values on pressure distribution.
One‐Step Solvothermal Synthesis of 3D Hierarchical NixCo9‐xS8 Structures for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Rongna , Liu Lei , Hou Li , Zhou Junshuang , Gao Faming 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThree‐dimensional flowerlike NixCo9‐xS8 nanosheets with polyvinyl pyrrolidone as the agent dictating the material morphology have been synthesized by means of a one‐step solvothermal synthesis procedure. The synthetically facile 3D NixCo9‐xS8 nanosheets (P‐NixCo9‐xS8) achieve high specific surface area and outstanding electrochemical performance. When applied as an electrode material, it demonstrates excellent specific capacitance of 1319.76 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and good rate performance of 1040.4 F g−1 at 20 A g−1. Also, the material achieves remarkable cycling stability that still retains 93.7 % of max capacity after 1500 cycles at the high current density of 10 A g−1. Even after 4000 cycles, a maximum capacity of 71.2 % is retained. Additionally, the P‐NixCo9‐xS8//AC asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) prepared exhibits excellent capacitive performance with a high specific capacitance (119.9 F g−1), high energy density (43.80 Wh kg−1 at 821.25 W kg−1) and high power density (30.30 Wh kg−1 at 15.58 kW kg−1).
High‐Loading Crystals of Tetraaryladamantanes and the Uptake and Release of Aromatic Hydrocarbons from the Gas Phase
Authors: Alexandre Pierre‐Emmanuel , Schwenger Alexander , Frey Wolfgang , Richert Clemens 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRecently, a tetraphenyladamantane octamethylether was shown to encapsulate a wide range of small molecules in its crystals. Uptake and release from the liquid phase were demonstrated, and crystalline inclusion complexes were prepared that act as formulation for obnoxious reagents. However, fewer than two equivalents of guest molecules were found within the crystal structures. Here we report the synthesis of 1,3,5,7‐tetrakis(2,4‐diethoxyphenyl)adamantane (TEO) and twelve X‐ray crystal structures that contain up to 3.5 equivalents of guest molecules. After crystallization and drying, TEO gives a material that absorbs 30 wt % of p‐xylene reversibly through the gas phase, and releases it again at 55 °C, suggesting that it may be used for the capture and release of aromatic hydrocarbons.
Temporal Control over Transient Chemical Systems using Structurally Diverse Chemical Fuels
Authors: Chen Jack L.‐Y. , Maiti Subhabrata , Fortunati Ilaria , Ferrante Camilla , Prins Leonard J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe next generation of adaptive, intelligent chemical systems will rely on a continuous supply of energy to maintain the functional state. Such systems will require chemical methodology that provides precise control over the energy dissipation process, and thus, the lifetime of the transiently activated function. This manuscript reports on the use of structurally diverse chemical fuels to control the lifetime of two different systems under dissipative conditions: transient signal generation and the transient formation of self‐assembled aggregates. The energy stored in the fuels is dissipated at different rates by an enzyme, which installs a dependence of the lifetime of the active system on the chemical structure of the fuel. In the case of transient signal generation, it is shown that different chemical fuels can be used to generate a vast range of signal profiles, allowing temporal control over two orders of magnitude. Regarding self‐assembly under dissipative conditions, the ability to control the lifetime using different fuels turns out to be particularly important as stable aggregates are formed only at well‐defined surfactant/fuel ratios, meaning that temporal control cannot be achieved by simply changing the fuel concentration.
A Strategy to Enhance the Efficiency of Quantum Dot‐Sensitized Solar Cells by Decreasing Electron Recombination with Polyoxometalate/TiO2 as the Electronic Interface Layer
Authors: Chen Li , Chen Weilin , Li Jianping , Wang Jiabo , Wang Enbo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractElectron recombination occurring at the TiO2/quantum dot sensitizer/electrolyte interface is the key reason for hindering further efficiency improvements to quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). Polyoxometalate (POM) can act as an electron‐transfer medium to decrease electron recombination in a photoelectric device owing to its excellent oxidation/reduction properties and thermostability. A POM/TiO2 electronic interface layer prepared by a simple layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly method was added between fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) and mesoporous TiO2 in the photoanode of QDSCs, and the effect on the photovoltaic performance was systematically investigated. Photovoltaic experimental results and the electron transmission mechanism show that the POM/TiO2 electronic interface layer in the QDSCs can clearly suppress electron recombination, increase the electron lifetime, and result in smoother electron transmission. In summary, the best conversion efficiency of QDSCs with POM/TiO2 electronic interface layers increases to 8.02 %, which is an improvement of 25.1 % compared with QDSCs without POM/TiO2. This work first builds an electron‐transfer bridge between FTO and the quantum dot sensitizer and paves the way for further improved efficiency of QDSCs.