bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid flow in the northern Broad Fourteens Basin during Late Cretaceous inversion
Authors: Bouw L. , Oude Essink G.H.P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA basin-scale hydrogeological study of the inverted northern Broad Fourteens Basin, Netherlands offshore, has resulted in a reconstruction of geological evolution, an estimate of Late Cretaceous topography and model scenarios of syn-inversion meteoric water infiltration. This study was performed in the scope of a basin-scale analysis of the hydrogeological setting and hydrodynamic evolution of the Broad Fourteens Basin. This analysis is aimed at obtaining quantitative knowledge of depositional history and hydrogeological parameters, and qualitative knowledge of hydrodynamic evolution of the Broad Fourteens Basin from Carboniferous to present-day. We present an overview of the tectonic and depositional history, the most likely hydrogeological setting and model scenarios of Late Cretaceous meteoric water infiltration in the northern Broad Fourteens area.We constructed a detailed south-west north-east geological cross-section of the present-day northern Broad Fourteens Basin, and reconstructed Late Cretaceous basin geometry and topography. Using this geometry in a numerical model of density-dependent topography-driven fluid flow, we modelled several scenarios of meteoric water infiltration with estimated ranges of basin-scale permeabilities and water table head. Results indicate that a deep freshwater lens was developed during Late Cretaceous inversion, if the basin-scale hydraulic conductivity of the Rijnland and Altena Groups was at least 1⋅10-9 to 1⋅10-10 m/s, which is in general the highest value for claystones.
Expressions of shallow gas in the Netherlands North Sea
Authors: Schroot B.M. , Schüttenhelm R.T.E 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSurface and sub-surface expressions of shallow gas in the Netherlands part of the southern North Sea are described, using standard E&P 2D and 3D seismic surveys, as well as higher frequency acoustic surveys. Surface expressions observed are pockmarks, which are geomorphologic features at the seabed indicative for venting of gas, and cemented sandstones. The subsurface expressions found comprise both phenomena indicating efficient trapping of gas in reservoir sands, such as shallow bright spots and flat spots, and phenomena, which are indications of migration or leakage to the seabed. We refer to the latter as ‘seismic anomalies indicating leakage’. These anomalies include gas chimneys or seismic chimneys. All chimneys found in the area have in common, that they belong to a seepage style, which is called ‘small and localised’. Much of this seepage is situated over salt domes, with the accompanying normal fault above the domes acting as pathways for the gas or fluids. Although there is admixture of biogenic gas, it is believed that many of the features observed relate to thermo-genic gas.
Polish Pleistocene stratigraphy - A review of interglacial stratotypes
Authors: Ber A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Pleistocene stratigraphy of Poland is based on palynological analyses of buried organic lake sediments and dating with radiocarbon or thermoluminescence (TL), as well as on the lithologic-petrographical analyses of tills and other glacigenic deposits to which TL-dating was also applied. Rarely were sediments of the stratotype interglacial profiles to which palaeomagnetic methods and TL-dating were applied, examined by mineralogical, chemical and isotopie б180 and б13С analyses, except the Augustovian, Mazovian and Eemian interglacials. The data was recorded in both exposures and boreholes. Overall, tills of 8 glaciations have been identified: Narevian (Menapian), Nidanian, Sanian 1 (Elsterian 1), Sanian 2 (Elsterian 2), Liviecian (Fuhne), Krznanian (Drenthe), Wartanian (Warthe) and Vistulian (Weichselian). Substantial palynological evidence with complete pollen sequences and absolute dating exists for organic sediments of five interglacials: Augustovian (Bavelian Complex or Cromerian I), Ferdynandovian (Voigtstedt), Mazovian (Holstein), Zbójnian (Dömnitz) and Eemian. Other interglacials i.e. Malopolanian (Cromer Complex - II or III Interglacial) and Lubavian (Schöningen) are not sufficiently supported palynologically and especially the stratigraphie position and age of the Lubavian Interglacial is debated.
Late Quaternary stratigraphy and morphogenesis in the Danish eastern North Sea and its relation to onshore geology
Authors: Larsen B. , Andersen L.T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGeological structures and Late Quaternary stratigraphy of the shallow subsurface along the southernmost Danish North Sea coast have been investigated using seismic data and shallow boreholes. A large-scale glaciotectonic thrust complex has been mapped in an area of 15 km by 40 km in the Fanø Bugt area. The affected succession consists of Neogene and Quaternary sediments deformed down to a depth of 200 – 360 m. A kineto-stratigraphic correlation to onshore glaciotectonic deformation suggests that the deformation took place during a westward advance stage of the Late Saalian (Warthe) glaciation. The western limit of the glaciotectonic structures constitutes an N-S striking deformation front situated 35 km off the west coast. Based on the glacial stratigraphy outside the deformation front, it is suggested that the same ice advance that caused the glaciotectonic deformation, eroded the top of the thrust sheets, and subsequently deposited a lower unit of meltwater sediments and an upper heterogenous glacigenic unit. The upper glacigenic unit forms a bank about 30 km offshore. Between the bank and the shore, the surface of the Saalian glacial landscape forms a wide depression ca. 50 m below sea level. This basin has controlled deposition in the area since the late Saalian and is filled with sediments of late Saalian, Eemian, Weichselian and Holocene age. The base of the Holocene marine deposits is thus a flat erosional surface extending eastward several kilometres below the onshore coastal areas and the northern Wadden Sea. This surface was transgressed 8800 years ago. An inverted, in plan view T-shaped, Holocene sand accumulation approximately 25 km long, 30 km wide and 15 – 25 m thick is situated on top of this surface at Blåvands Huk. According to recent estimates by the Danish Coastal Protection Board some 2.5 million m3sediments are supplied annually to the system from the north. In the last 3000 years, 25 km of the west coast and the associated shoreface slope have prograded ca. 3 km towards the west forming a barrier spit complex. Large aeolian dunes and cover sands now conceal the spit complex. Extending twenty km west of Blåvands Huk is a highly dynamic bank, the Inner Horns Rev, with active sand-accumulation on the slopes. The Inner Horns Rev bank has grown ca. 3.5 km westward during the last 800 years. The deposits seem to be sourced by the coastal longshore sand transport from the north. The Outer Horns Rev was previously assumed to be a Saalian terminal moraine. However, this investigation reveals that it is also mainly a Holocene marine accumulation landform, but sourced from the west. Other sand accumulations, which are situated 20 – 30 km west of the coast, are probably sourced from both the south and the west.
Revised Upper Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Dutch sector of the North Sea Basin: towards an integrated lithostratigraphic, seismostratigraphic and allostratigraphic approach
Authors: Rijsdijk K.F. , Passchier S. , Weerts H.J.T. , Laban C. , van Leeuwen R.J.W. , Ebbing J.H.J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA revised Upper Cenozoic stratigraphic framework of the Dutch sector of the North Sea Basin is presented whereby offshore stratigraphic units are integrated or correlated with onshore units. The framework is based on an integrated stratigraphic approach that combines elements of lithostratigraphy, seismostratigraphy and allostratigraphy. Offshore formations are redefined in terms of seismofacies and lithofacies associations, and are differentiated on the basis of common genesis and stratigraphic position. These facies associations represent five major depositional environments, which occur in repetitive successions in the subsurface of the Netherlands: Marine, Coastal, Glacial, Fluvial, and Local Terrestrial. Five conceptual basin-wide bounding discontinuities are identified in the North Sea-Basin that span land and sea. They are represented by both seismostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic unconformities and interpreted as surfaces that formed as a result of North Sea Basin-wide changes in depositional systems. Their formation relates to sea level rise, continental-scale glaciations, and tectonic processes. The bounding discontinuities separate informal allostratigraphic groups of formations that have a grossly uniform geologic setting in common. While the allostratigraphic principles provide a view on the stratigraphy on the largest spatial and temporal scale, the genetic concept facilitates mapping on a local scale.
A comprehensive seismic velocity model for the Netherlands based on lithostratigraphic layers
Authors: van Dalfsen W. , Doornenbal J.C. , Dortland S. , Gunnink J.L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA seismic velocity model is necessary to map depth and thickness of subsurface layers interpreted from seismic reflection images. We have built a seismic velocity model (VELMOD-1) for the entire Netherlands area, both onshore and offshore, using non-confidential data (sonic logs, time-depth pairs, lithostratigraphic marker depths and downhole position data) of 720 boreholes in DINO - National Geoscientific Portal, and a preliminary isochore map (in seismic traveltime representation) of the layer of the Zechstein Group. The model is based on the Vint-zmidmethod applied to the following lithostratigraphic layers: Lower, Middle and Upper North Sea groups; Chalk Group; Rijnland Group; Schieland, Scruff and Niedersachsen groups; Altena Group; Lower and Upper Germanic Trias groups; Upper Rotliegend Group; and Limburg Group. Per layer, the linear least squares approximation, applied to Vintas a function of zmid, provides parameters V0and K for a linear velocity function V(z) = V0+ K · z. In VELMOD-1, K is constant, at least at the scale of structural elements, whereas V0varies with location. At borehole locations, V0is calibrated such that traveltime through the layer according to the linear velocity model equals the traveltime according to the borehole data. A kriging procedure is applied to the calibrated V0(x, y)-values resulting in an estimated V0-value at any other location. The model V0-values were determined on an areal grid with cells of 1 km × 1 km. On the same grid, kriged interval velocities constitute the model for the Zechstein Group. These interval velocities stem directly from interval velocities at borehole locations; at other positions they are also dependent on the thickness (in terms of seismic traveltime isochores) of the layer of the Zechstein Group. Maps are presented of the distributions of both V0and its standard deviation for two layers: that of the Chalk Group and that of the Lower and Upper Germanic Trias groups.
Geo (Im) pulse A subrosion pipe fill in the Lower Muschelkalk, Winterswijk Quarry, Eastern Netherlands
Authors: Oosterink H.W. , Simon Th. , Hagdorn H. , Winkelhorst H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the ‘Winterswijksche Steen- en Kalkgroeve’, situated in the eastern Netherlands, Lower Muschelkalk limestones are quarried. A ca. 30 m wide area in the quarry face showing fragmented rock material in chaotic accumulation in between stratified Muschelkalk sediments was interpreted until now to be the result of karstification or tectonic fragmentation. The present investigation indicates that it originated as a subrosion pipe fill that formed by continuous upsection collapse which commenced in the Röt gypsum and anhydrite beds more than 200 m below. The pipe fill is dated probably to one of the Quarternary interstadials when these rocks were dissolved by groundwater at even greater depths.
Eemian marine mollusks and barnacles from Ristinge Klint, Denmark: hydrodynamics and oxygen deficiency
Authors: Nielsen Jan K. , Helama S. , Rodland D. , Nielsen Jasper K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTaphonomic analysis of Eemian marine mollusks and barnacles at Ristinge Klint on the island of Langeland (Denmark) provides a distinct record of a temporal succession in preservation states. Four different states of preservation are recognized and related to a decreasing hydrodynamic regime in the depositional setting of the Eemian Baltic Sea. The states show a deepening-upward transition from shallow bay environment towards deeper offshore environment. The depositional setting changed significantly in hydrodynamics about 620 and 1550 years into the Eemian (130,000 to 115,000 years BP), according to biostratigraphic correlation with the varves of the Bispingen succession. The taxonomic composition of the paleofauna supports such a deepening-upward interpretation with a contemporaneous change from brackish water to nearly full marine conditions. The sea bottom was affected by at least one period of oxygen deficiency. The analysis also shows that the preservation of shells varies according to differences in shell structures and life habits. Here we show how these differences should be considered in paleoenvironmental reconstructions based on taphonomic analyses. Taphonomy may play an important role in understanding the hydrodynamic conditions within the Eemian Baltic Sea.
Clay resources in the Netherlands
Authors: van der Meulen M.J. , Maljers D. , van Gessel S.F. , Gruijters S.H.L.L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractClay is a common lithology in the Dutch shallow subsurface. It is used in earth constructions such as dikes, and as raw material for the fabrication of bricks, roof tiles etc. We present a new national assessment of Dutch clay resources, as part of a project that provides mineral-occurrence information for land-use planning purposes. The assessment is based on a 3D geological model, which consists of voxel cells with lithological composition as primary attribute, and has been obtained by interpolating data of more than 380,000 digital borehole descriptions. The occurrence of shell material and the extent to which clay is peaty were used as quality attributes, enabling us to tentatively distinguish between clay that is potentially suitable as ceramic material, and clay that is not.As clay is extracted using dry (i.e. non-dredging) techniques, the model space has been dimensioned to fully encompass the unsaturated zone. A high-resolution model (with voxel cells of 250 · 250 · 0.2 m), based mainly on abundant, good-quality hand drillings, was constructed down to 3 m below the surface. This depth range suffices for clay-resource assessments in the lowlands, which have relatively high groundwater levels. Cells from a lower-resolution model (250 · 250 · 1 m, based on fewer data) were added to reach appropriate depths in upland areas.We arrive at about 42.1 km3 of clay occurring in the model space (land areas only). Clay occurs mainly in the coastal domain and below the Rhine and Meuse river plains. Geological exploitability has been assessed within the unsaturated zone, taking overburden and intercalations with non-clay materials (especially peat) into account. The resulting exploitable stock is 12.3 to 18.0 (± 2.0) km3; an estimate in which the main source of uncertainty is presented by a lack of proper groundwater-table data. This amount equates to roughly 6000 annual consumption equivalents. Even when considering that the larger part of the clays is unsuitable for firing, and about one quarter is situated below built-up lands or nature preserves, clay is not a scarce resource in the Netherlands and supplies should present no problem in the near future.
Towards an improved lithostratigraphic subdivision of the Chalk Group in the Netherlands North Sea area - A seismic stratigraphic approach
Authors: van der Molen A.S. , Wong Th.E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the Netherlands North Sea area, the Chalk Group has thus far been subdivided into the CenomanianTexel Formation, the Turonian to MaastrichtianOmmelanden Formationand the DanianEkofisk Formation.This paper describes the attempt to arrive at a more detailed lithostratigraphic subdivision for this area, particularly of the Ommelanden Formation. To this end, a seismic stratigraphic analysis was carried out on a regional 2D and 3D seismic dataset. The Chalk Group was subdivided into eleven seismic stratigraphic sequences, named CK1 through CK11, based on the mapping and correlation of unconformities. The identified seismic sequence boundaries were used as the main chronostratigraphic markers in the Chalk Group interval. The seismic dataset was subsequently expanded with well log data of 45 boreholes. These were tied to the seismic dataset by constructing a synthetic seismogram for each borehole, after which the seismic sequence boundaries were noted and correlated on the logs. Finally, micropaleonthological data available in 15 boreholes were used to date the seismic sequences. The sequences were interpreted to be of Cenomanian (CK1), Turonian (CK2), Coniacian (CK3), Santonian (CK4), Early Campanian (CK5; CK6), Middle to Late Campanian (CK7), Early Maastrichtian (CK8; CK9), Late Maastrichtian (CK10) and Danian (CK11) age. The seismic units recognised in this study were compared with formal lithostratigraphic units defined in the Chalk Group in the surrounding North Sea sectors. Based on this comparison, a revision of the formal lithostratigraphic scheme, recognising Tor Formation and Herring Formation equivalents, is suggested for the Netherlands North Sea area.
A study of sub-basalt depth imaging using the local Radon attributes on the Erlend Tertiary volcanic complex - North of Shetland, UK
Authors: Droujinine A. , Pajchel J. , Hitchen K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAcquiring conventional 3 km towed streamer data along a 2D profile in the North of Shetland (UK) enables us to use the local Radon-attributes within the context of depth processing methodology for accurate delineation of volcanic units and imaging beneath high-velocity layers. The objective is to map the radially-dipping structure of the Erlend pluton and to investigate the potential existence of relatively soft Cretaceous sediments underneath volcanic units. Success in the Erlend Volcano study requires strict attention to the separation between different groups of events. The crucial point is the generalized discrete Radon transform formulated in terms of local wavefront (dip and curvature) characteristics. This transform is utilized during pre-CMP processing and migration to minimize event-coupling artefacts. These artefacts represent cross-talk energy between various wave modes and include the unwanted part of the wavefield. We show how to produce detailed subsurface images within the region of interest (exploration prospect only) by applying the closely tied processes of prestack event enhancement and separation, well-driven time processing for velocity model building, and final event-based prestack depth imaging. Results show enhanced structural detail and good continuity of principal volcanic units and deeper reflections, suggesting a faulted 0.6 – 0.9 km thick layer of Cretaceous sediments in the proximity of well 209/09-1. Our interpretation complements existing low-resolution geophysical models inferred from gravity and wide-angle seismic data alone.
Neogene stratigraphy of the Langenboom locality (Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands)
Authors: Wijnker E. , Bor T.J. , Wesselingh F.P. , Munsterman D.K. , Brinkhuis H. , Burger A.W. , Vonhof H.B. , Post K. , Hoedemakers K. , Janse A.C. , Taverne N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe locality of Langenboom (eastern Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands), also known as Mill, is famous for its Neogene molluscs, shark teeth, teleost remains, birds and marine mammals. The stratigraphic context of the fossils, which have been collected from sand suppletions, was hitherto poorly understood. Here we report on a section which has been sampled by divers in the adjacent flooded sandpit ‘De Kuilen’ from which the Langenboom sands have been extracted. The studied section covers part of the marine Miocene Breda Formation and Pliocene Oosterhout Formation, and is topped by fluvial Quaternary deposits of presumably the Beegden Formation. The Breda Formation (15 – 18 m below lake surface) in this section is, based on organic walled dinoflagellate cysts, of an early-middle Tortonian age. The Oosterhout Formation (7 – 15 m below lake surface) comprises two depositional sequences, the lower of which (12 – 15 m below lake surface) presumably is the source of most Langenboom fossils. Combined dinoflagellate cyst and benthic mollusc indicators point to an early Zanclean - early Piacenzian age for this lower cycle. Its basal transgressive lag and (to lesser extent) top comprise reworked Tortonian taxa as well, Dinoflagellate cysts and a single benthic mollusc point to a Piacenzian age for the upper Oosterhout Formation sequence (7 – 12 m below lake surface).
Detecting anthropogenic effects in the observational evidence of climate change
Authors: von Storch H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe issue of detecting changes beyond the range of natural variability (detection) and of attributing causes to such changes (attribution) are central to any rational debate about anthropogenic climate change. This concept, introduced by Klaus Hasselmann in the late 1970s, is usually not understood by either so-called sceptics or by activist scientists.Often rigorous detection and attribution analysis is replaced by mere declarations and by naïve applications of methods to determine if certain trends are ‘significant’ or not.In this talk, the concepts are introduced; the invoked assumptions and the roles of dynamical models and of time-scales are explained. The concept is illustrated with a few examples related to global and regional air temperature and to NE Atlantic storminess.For global and regional air temperature, the recent variations are found to be beyond the range of natural variability (detection) and the changes are best explained by a dominant contribution by elevated greenhouse gas concentrations. For NE Atlantic storminess recent trends are found to be intermittent and within the historical range of variations. The finding of significant GHG contributions to temperature change and the lack of such for changes in storminess are not contradictions.
The practice of climate simulation and its social and political context
Authors: Petersen A.C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe practice of climate simulation takes place in a polarized social and political context. In this paper some methodological aspects of the practice of climate simulation are addressed and the potential value-ladenness of modelling assumptions is discussed. I claim that there is clearly a plurality of values guiding climate simulation efforts with climate scientists themselves also commonly holding different political views on the climate-change problem. There exist climate models of varying levels of concreteness and with different basic assumptions, and the modelling approaches behind these models are valued differently by different groups of climate scientists. The social and political context in which the climate modelling is done plays a role in these value judgements. In order to prevent one particular group of models from dominating the field for social and/or political reasons, the climate-modelling community should acknowledge the vital and necessary role of plurality in the practice of climate science and should stimulate reflection within this practice. Finally, while the IPCC partly addresses the issue by presenting model ensembles, the uncertainties in climate simulation should be better communicated to policy makers and politicians.