bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition and Interpopulation Variability of Essential Oils of Taxus baccata L. from Serbia
Authors: Stefanović Milena , Ristić Mihailo , Popović Zorica , Matić Rada , Nikolić Biljana , Vidaković Vera , Obratov‐Petković Dragica , Bojović Srdjan 
Published: June 2016

The composition of the essential oil of the twigs and needles of Taxus baccata L. from three natural populations in Serbia has been determined by GC/MS analysis. Of the 91 detected compounds, 87 were identified. The most abundant compound classes were aliphatic alcohols, terpenes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and aliphatic aldehydes, which together comprised ca. 86.92% of the total oil composition. The dominant constituents were oct‐1‐en‐3‐ol (23.48%), (3Z)‐hex‐3‐en‐1‐ol (11.46%; aliphatic alcohols), and myrtenol (11.38%; oxygenated monoterpene). The PCA of 22 selected compounds revealed differentiations of populations based on geographic distribution. The CA showed that Populations I and II from the Dinaric Alps were similar, and that Population III from the Balkan mountain system was distinct. This was the first investigation of interpopulation variability of T. baccata populations based on essential oil composition. The results of this study were compared with those of previous studies concerning volatile compounds produced by Taxus species. The results indicate that the essential oil content of T. baccata populations from this study is unique, mostly resembling the population from southeast Serbia.
Synthesis and Rearrangement of P‐Nitroxyl‐Substituted PIII and PV Phosphanes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Case Study
Authors: Heurich Tobias , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Nožinović Senada , Schnakenburg Gregor , Matsuoka Hideto , Grimme Stefan , Schiemann Olav , Streubel Rainer 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLow‐temperature generation of P‐nitroxyl phosphane 2 (Ph2POTEMP), which was obtained by the reaction of Ph2PH (1) with two equivalents of TEMPO, is presented. Upon warming, phosphane 2 decomposed to give P‐nitroxyl phosphane P‐oxide 3 (Ph2P(O)OTEMP) as one of the final products. This facile synthetic protocol also enabled access to P‐sulfide and P‐borane derivatives 7 and 13, respectively, by using Ph2P(S)H (6) or Ph2P(BH3)H (11) and TEMPO. Phosphane sulfide 7 revealed a rearrangement to phosphane oxide 8 (Ph2P(O)STEMP) in CDCl3 at ambient temperature, whereas in THF, thermal decomposition of sulfide 7 yielded salt 10 ([TEMP‐H2][Ph2P(S)O]). As well as EPR and detailed NMR kinetic studies, indepth theoretical studies provided an insight into the reaction pathways and spin‐density distributions of the reactive intermediates.
Nonamplification ERBB2 genomic alterations in 5605 cases of recurrent and metastatic breast cancer: An emerging opportunity for anti‐HER2 targeted therapies
Authors: Ross Jeffrey S. , Gay Laurie M. , Wang Kai , Ali Siraj M. , Chumsri Saranya , Elvin Julia A. , Bose Ron , Vergilio Jo‐Anne , Suh James , Yelensky Roman , Lipson Doron , Chmielecki Juliann , Waintraub Stanley , Leyland‐Jones Brian , Miller Vincent A. , Stephens Philip J. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDActivating, nonamplification ERBB2 mutations (ERBB2mut) are not detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), but are detected by DNA sequencing and may predict clinical responses to human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)‐targeted therapy. The authors queried 5605 advanced/metastatic breast cancers (mBC) to uncover the frequency of ERBB2mut genomic alterations. Clinical responses to anti‐HER2 therapeutics were identified.METHODSDNA was extracted from 40 µm of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) sections. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) was used to evaluate up to 315 genes (592× mean coverage depth). Results were analyzed for base substitutions, short indels, copy number changes, and selected rearrangements.RESULTSOf 5605 cases, 698 (12.5%) featured ERBB2 alterations, including 596 (10.6%) ERBB2 amplifications (ERBB2amp) and 138 (2.4%) ERBB2mut; 38 cases (0.7%) had co‐occurring ERBB2amp and ERBB2mut. ERBB2mut predominantly affected the kinase (124 cases; 90%) or extracellular (15 cases; 11%) domains. Both primary BC (52 cases; 38%) and metastatic site biopsies (86 cases; 62%) were found to harbor ERBB2mut, which were distributed across carcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS) (69 cases; 50%), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) (40 cases; 29%), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) (27 cases; 20%), and mucinous mBC (2 cases; 1%). Genes commonly coaltered with ERBB2 were tumor protein 53 (TP53) (49%); phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) (42%); cadherin 1, type 1 (CDH1) (37%); MYC (17%); and cyclin D1 protein (CCND1) (16%). CDH1 mutations were enriched in ERBB2mut mBC (P<0.0006) and associated with recurrent mBC. Selected patients with ERBB2mut, without ERBB2amp, who responded to anti‐HER2 targeted therapies are presented herein.CONCLUSIONSWithin this large series, 1.8% of cases harbored ERBB2mut, which are undetectable by standard‐of‐care IHC or FISH tests. Metastatic BC driven by ERBB2mut respond to anti‐HER2 targeted therapies, and expanding clinical trials designed to detect ERBB2mut by CGP and optimize targeted treatments are warranted. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2654–2662. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Timing and type of immune checkpoint therapy affect the early radiographic response of melanoma brain metastases to stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Qian Jack M. , Yu James B. , Kluger Harriet M. , Chiang Veronica L. S. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDGrowing evidence suggests that immunotherapy and radiation therapy can be synergistic in the treatment of cancer. This study was performed to determine the effect of the relative timing and type of immune checkpoint therapy on the response of melanoma brain metastases (BrMets) to treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).METHODSSeventy‐five melanoma patients with 566 BrMets were treated with both SRS and immune checkpoint therapy between 2007 and 2015 at a single institution. Immunotherapy and radiosurgery treatment of any single lesion were considered concurrent if SRS was administered within 4 weeks of immunotherapy. The impact of the timing and type of immunotherapy on the lesional response was determined with the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test, which was used to compare the median percent lesion volume change 1.5, 3, and 6 months after SRS treatment, with significance determined by P = .0167 according to the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.RESULTSConcurrent use of immunotherapy and SRS resulted in a significantly greater median percent reduction in the lesion volume at 1.5 (−63.1% vs −43.2%, P < .0001), 3 (−83.0% vs −52.8%, P < .0001), and 6 months (−94.9% vs −66.2%, P < .0001) in comparison with nonconcurrent therapy. The median percent reduction in the lesion volume was also significantly greater for anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (anti–PD‐1) than anti–cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (anti–CTLA‐4) at 1.5 (−71.1% vs −48.2%, P < .0001), 3 (−89.3% vs −66.2%, P < .0001), and 6 months (−95.1% vs −75.9%, P = .0004).CONCLUSIONSThe administration of immunotherapy within 4 weeks of SRS results in an improved lesional response of melanoma BrMets in comparison with treatment separated by longer than 4 weeks. Anti–PD‐1 therapy also results in a greater lesional response than anti–CTLA‐4 after SRS. Cancer 2016;122:3051‐3058. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Painting of Arabidopsis Chromosomes with Chromosome‐Specific BAC Clones
Authors: Mandáková Terezie , Lysak Martin A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChromosome painting (CP) refers to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of chromosome‐specific DNA probes to identify large chromosome regions, chromosome arms, and whole chromosomes. For CP and CCP (comparative chromosome painting) in plants, most often, contigs of chromosome‐specific bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) from the species of origin or a related species are used as painting probes. CP enables visualization and tracing of particular chromosome regions and/or chromosomes throughout all mitotic and meiotic stages as well as the corresponding interphase chromosome territories. CCP enables identification of large‐scale homeologous chromosome regions and chromosomes shared among two or more species. Here, a step‐by‐step protocol for carrying out CP in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) and CCP in other crucifer taxa based on the use of Arabidopsis chromosome‐specific BAC contigs is described. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Applying autonomy with bandwidth allocation models
Authors: Reale Rafael Freitas , Bezerra Romildo Martins da S. , Martins Joberto S. B. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBandwidth Allocation Models (BAMs) are resource allocation methods used for networks in general. BAMs are currently applied for handling resources such as bandwidth allocation in MPLS DS‐TE networks (LSP setup). In general, BAMs define resource restrictions by ‘class’ and allocate the available resources on demand. This is frequently necessary to manage large and complex systems like routing networks. G‐BAM is a new generalized BAM that, by configuration, incorporates the ‘behavior’ of existing BAMs (MAM, RDM, G‐RDM and AllocTC‐Sharing). In effect, any current available BAM ‘behavior’ is reproduced by G‐BAM by simply adjusting its configuration parameters. This paper focuses on investigating the applicability of using autonomy together with BAMs for improve performance and facilitating the management of MPLS DS‐TE networks. It is investigated the applicability of ‘BAM switching’ using a framework with autonomic characteristics. In brief, it is investigated the switching among ‘BAM behaviors’ and BAM's reconfiguration with distinct network traffic scenarios by using G‐BAM. Simulation results suggest that the autonomic switching of ‘BAM behaviors’ based on high‐level management rules (Service Level Agreements, Quality of Service (QoS) or other police) may result in improving overall network management and operational parameters such as link utilization and preemption. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inferring invasive species abundance using removal data from management actions
Authors: Davis Amy J. , Hooten Mevin B. , Miller Ryan S. , Farnsworth Matthew L. , Lewis Jesse , Moxcey Michael , Pepin Kim M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEvaluation of the progress of management programs for invasive species is crucial for demonstrating impacts to stakeholders and strategic planning of resource allocation. Estimates of abundance before and after management activities can serve as a useful metric of population management programs. However, many methods of estimating population size are too labor intensive and costly to implement, posing restrictive levels of burden on operational programs. Removal models are a reliable method for estimating abundance before and after management using data from the removal activities exclusively, thus requiring no work in addition to management. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate abundance from removal data accounting for varying levels of effort, and used simulations to assess the conditions under which reliable population estimates are obtained. We applied this model to estimate site‐specific abundance of an invasive species, feral swine (Sus scrofa), using removal data from aerial gunning in 59 site/time‐frame combinations (480–19,600 acres) throughout Oklahoma and Texas, USA. Simulations showed that abundance estimates were generally accurate when effective removal rates (removal rate accounting for total effort) were above 0.40. However, when abundances were small (<50) the effective removal rate needed to accurately estimates abundances was considerably higher (0.70). Based on our post‐validation method, 78% of our site/time frame estimates were accurate. To use this modeling framework it is important to have multiple removals (more than three) within a time frame during which demographic changes are minimized (i.e., a closed population; ≤3 months for feral swine). Our results show that the probability of accurately estimating abundance from this model improves with increased sampling effort (8+ flight hours across the 3‐month window is best) and increased removal rate. Based on the inverse relationship between inaccurate abundances and inaccurate removal rates, we suggest auxiliary information that could be collected and included in the model as covariates (e.g., habitat effects, differences between pilots) to improve accuracy of removal rates and hence abundance estimates.
Distribution and diversity of diatom assemblages in surficial sediments of shallow lakes in Wapusk National Park (Manitoba, Canada) region of the Hudson Bay Lowlands
Authors: Jacques Olivier , Bouchard Frédéric , MacDonald Lauren A. , Hall Roland I. , Wolfe Brent B. , Pienitz Reinhard 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe hydrology of shallow lakes (and ponds) located in the western Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL) is sensitive to climate warming and associated permafrost thaw. However, their biological characteristics are poorly known, which hampers effective aquatic ecosystem monitoring. Located in northern Manitoba along the southwestern coast of Hudson Bay, Wapusk National Park (WNP) encompasses numerous shallow lakes representative of the subarctic zone. We analyzed the distribution and diversity of diatom (microscopic algae; class Bacillariophyceae) assemblages in surficial sediments of 33 lakes located in three different ecozones spanning a vegetation gradient, from NE to SW: the Coastal Fen (CF), the Interior Peat Plateau (IPP), and the Boreal Spruce Forest (BSF). We found significant differences (P < 0.05) in diatom community composition between CF and IPP lakes, and CF and BSF lakes, but not between IPP and BSF lakes. These results are consistent with water chemistry measurements, which indicated distinct limnological conditions for CF lakes. Diatom communities in CF lakes were generally dominated by alkaliphilous taxa typical of waters with medium to high conductivity, such as Nitzschia denticula. In contrast, several IPP and BSF lakes were dominated by acidophilous and circumneutral diatom taxa with preference for low conductivity (e.g., Tabellaria flocculosa, Eunotia mucophila, E. necompacta var. vixcompacta). This exploratory survey provides a first detailed inventory of the diatom assemblages in the WNP region needed for monitoring programs to detect changes in shallow lake ecosystems and ecozonal shifts in response to climate variations.
Relationship among mercury concentration, growth rate, and condition of northern pike: A tautology resolved?
Authors: Sandheinrich Mark B. , Drevnick Paul E. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Methylmercury is a bioaccumulative contaminant that biomagnifies in aquatic food webs and adversely affects the health of freshwater fish. Previous studies have documented an inverse relationship between fish condition and concentration of mercury in fish. However, this relationship may be a result of slow-growing fish accumulating large amounts of methylmercury rather than the effects of methylmercury on fish condition and growth. An evaluation was conducted of the relationship among fish condition, growth, and mercury concentration in northern pike Esox lucius from 26 lakes in the western region of the Laurentian Great Lakes (USA–Canada). The relative weight (an index of fish condition) of northern pike was inversely related to mercury concentration in the axial muscle. The concentration of mercury in standard-size northern pike increased with fish age and suggested that fast-growing fish accumulated less mercury than slow-growing fish. However, there was no relationship between the mean relative weight of northern pike in each population and mean age or mercury concentration of standard-size northern pike. These results suggest that the relationship between mercury and fish condition is not because of the effects of mercury on rate of growth, but rather because slow-growing fish bioaccumulate greater concentrations of mercury than fast-growing fish of the same length. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2910–2915. © 2016 SETAC
Elucidating the physiological and biochemical responses of different tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) genotypes to lead toxicity
Authors: Maodzeka Antony , Hussain Nazim , Wei Liquan , Zvobgo Gerald , Mapodzeke James Mutemachani , Adil Muhammad Faheem , Jabeen Salma , Wang Feng , Jiang Lixi , Shamsi Imran Haider 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

In the present study, the effects of lead (Pb) uptake and toxicity were investigated in a hydroponic culture using 7 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) genotypes (Bina 1 [B1], Kutsaga Mammoth 10 [KM10], Nanjing 3 [N3], Kutsaga 35 [K35], Kutsaga E1 [KE1], Cocker 176 [C176], and Kutsaga RK6 [KRK6]) that differed in Pb tolerance. Lead was applied as a solution of Pb nitrate at concentrations of 0 μM, 10 μM, 250 μM, and 500 μM. After 4 wk of Pb treatment, tissue biomass and photosynthetic parameters were measured and elemental analysis was performed. The results showed decreases in growth and photosynthetic parameters with increases in Pb concentration compared with the control. The least reduction in the recorded physiological parameters was noted in K35, whereas the greatest reduction was observed in N3, which is an obvious indication of genotypic differences. Activities of peroxidase, catalase, and malondialdehyde increased significantly with increases in Pb concentration, with genotypes K35 and N3 showing the least and the greatest reduction, respectively. The results demonstrate the phototoxic nature of Pb on plants, and it can be concluded that in Pb-prone areas genotypes K35 and B1 can be used for cultivation because they can grow efficiently in the presence of high Pb concentrations while restricting Pb uptake in the aboveground parts, as seen by the higher Pb tolerance index. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:175–181. © 2016 SETAC
Non‐intrusive reduced order modelling with least squares fitting on a sparse grid
Authors: Lin Z. , Xiao D. , Fang F. , Pain C. C. , Navon Ionel M. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThis paper presents a non‐intrusive reduced order model for general, dynamic partial differential equations. Based upon proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and Smolyak sparse grid collocation, the method first projects the unknowns with full space and time coordinates onto a reduced POD basis. Then we introduce a new least squares fitting procedure to approximate the dynamical transition of the POD coefficients between subsequent time steps, taking only a set of full model solution snapshots as the training data during the construction. Thus, neither the physical details nor further numerical simulations of the original PDE model are required by this methodology, and the level of non‐intrusiveness is improved compared with existing reduced order models. Furthermore, we take adaptive measures to address the instability issue arising from reduced order iterations of the POD coefficients. This model can be applied to a wide range of physical and engineering scenarios, and we test it on a couple of problems in fluid dynamics. It is demonstrated that this reduced order approach captures the dominant features of the high‐fidelity models with reasonable accuracy while the computation complexity is reduced by several orders of magnitude. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cross‐sectional study on clinical correlates of anxiety disorders in 613 community living older adults in Hong Kong
Authors: Fung Ada Wai Tung , Lam Linda Chiu Wa 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesPrevious studies have reported that the prevalence of late life anxiety disorders varies between 3.2% and 15.3%. Despite its high prevalence, anxiety disorders are still under‐recognized in old age. This study evaluated the association among health, psychosocial factors, lifestyle choices, cognitive function and anxiety disorders in the older population in Hong Kong.MethodsSix hundred and thirteen volunteer participants aged 60 years or above were interviewed for their socio‐demographic background, physical and mental health statuses, social network, cognitive function and their activity engagement style. Ascertainment of diagnosis of anxiety disorders was based on the use of ICD‐10 diagnostic criteria generated by the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS‐R) algorithms.ResultsAccording to the ICD‐10 diagnostic criteria generated by the CIS‐R algorithms, 4.4% (N = 27) had mixed anxiety and depressive disorder, 2.5% (N = 15) had generalized anxiety disorders and 0.2% (N = 1) had other anxiety disorders (Phobia).Individuals with anxiety disorders had more gastrointestinal conditions (OR = 2.66, 95% CI 1.48–4.76) and genitourinary problems (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.05–3.65), poor 10‐min delayed recall (OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.56–0.83), worse abstract thinking (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.49–0.85) and poor social networking in confidante relationship (OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.79–0.98). Lifestyle activity engagement was not associated with the presence of anxiety disorders.ConclusionsOlder adults with anxiety disorders appeared to have greater medical comorbidity and lower cognitive function. While anxiety may affect memory performance, future studies are needed to explore if anxiety symptom may reflect early neurodegeneration that easily escapes clinical attention. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The application of heat‐deproteinization to the morphological study of cortical bone: A contribution to the knowledge of the osteonal structure
Authors: Pazzaglia Ugo E. , Congiu Terenzio , Basso Petra , Alessandri Ivano , Cucca Lucia , Raspanti Mario 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObservation of heat‐deproteinized cortical bone specimens in incident light enabled the high definition documentation of the osteonal pattern of diaphyseal Haversian bone. This prompted a study to compare these images with those revealed by polarized light microscopy, carried out either on decalcified or thin, undecalcified, resin‐embedded sections. Different bone processing methods can reveal structural aspects of the intercellular matrix, depending on the light diffraction mode: birefringency in decalcified sections can be ascribed to the collagen fibrils orientation alone; in undecalcified sections, to both the ordered layout of collagen and the inorganic phase; in the heat‐deproteinized samples, exclusively to the hydroxyapatite crystals aggregation mode. The elemental chemical analysis documented low content of carbon and hydrogen, no detectable levels of nitrogen and significantly higher content of calcium and phosphorus in heat‐deproteinized samples, as compared with dehydrated controls. In both samples, the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern did not show any significant difference in pattern of hydroxyapatite, with no peaks of any possible decomposition phases. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) morphology of heat‐deproteinized samples could be documented with the fracturing technique facilitated by the bone brittleness. The structure of crystal aggregates, oriented in parallel and with marks of time periods, was documented. Comparative study of deproteinized and undecalcified samples showed that the matrix inorganic phase did not undergo a coarse grain thermal conversion until it reached 500°C, maintaining the original crystals structure and orientation. Incident light stereomicroscopy, combined with SEM analysis of deproteinized bone fractured surfaces, is a new enforceable technique which can be used in morphometric studies to improve the understanding of the osteonal dynamics. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:691–699, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.