bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Dehulling Methods on Physical and Chemical Properties of Tartary Buckwheat Flour
Authors: Haixia Zhong , Xijuan Yang , Yongxin She , Bibo Shi , Shiming Xiao , Anhu Wang , Zhiguang Chen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDehulling is a necessary step in the processing of Tartary buckwheat products. In this study, the effects of three different dehulling methods on the starch structure and physical and chemical properties of Tartary buckwheat are systematically analyzed. The results show that, first, explosion‐puffing dehulling treatment (EPT) destroys many of the starch granules, increases the average granular size by 261.7%, and decreases the ∆H by 66.5%; steam dehulling treatment (ST) and dry heat dehulling treatment (DHT) have no significant destructive effect on starch granules. Second, EPT increases the brightness and whiteness and decreases the Hausner ratio and Carr index of Tartary buckwheat flour, which gives Tartary buckwheat flour better fluidity and sensory quality. Third, EPT results in lower packed bulk density and smaller solubility changes with varying temperatures (50–90 °C), indicating that EPT is more applicable to the production of buckwheat tea. Fourth, ST achieves lower adhesiveness, higher hardness, and higher springiness, indicating that ST is more suitable for the production of buckwheat gel products. Fifth, DHT maximizes the retention of resistant starch (RS). ST maximizes rutin retention in buckwheat rice. These results can be used as a reference for selecting different dehulling methods for different buckwheat products.
Anti‐coccidial efficacy of Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide in indigenous chickens of Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Muluneh Bekalu , Taye Mengistie , Dessie Tadelle , Wondim Dessie Salilew , Yilkal Semahegn , Aregay Fikirtemariam , Habtamu Almaz , Shitu Aschalew , Yohans Halo , Wassie Teketay , Wu Xin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundA variety of bioactive compounds isolated from various botanical sources have been found to have therapeutic and immunotherapeutic effects on chicken coccidiosis.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the anti‐coccidial potential of Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide (EP) in indigenous chickens in Northwest Ethiopia.Materials and MethodsA total of 78 male indigenous chickens were used for this study. The study had two treatment groups: (1) the EP non‐supplemented group (those fed on diets without EP and Eimeria oocyst inoculated) and (2) the EP group (those receiving diets supplemented with 400 mg EP/kg diet and Eimeria oocyst inoculated). Each treatment group had five replications. Following fourteen days of EP supplementation, 1.5 × 104 oocysts of mixed Eimeria species were inoculated into individual birds.ResultsEP‐supplemented chicken showed significantly lower (p < 0.05) oocyst counts compared to non‐supplemented ones on 9 and 11 days post‐challenge. In addition, chickens in the EP‐supplemented group showed less severe lesion scores, with an average score of 1.33. Chickens that received EP showed a maximum of 27.27% protection against lesions. In contrast, the non‐supplemented chickens had a lower percentage of protection (19.83%). The maximum anti‐coccidial index value (146.98) was obtained from EP‐supplemented chickens. Chickens in the EP‐supplemented group exhibited a significantly higher (p < 0.05) weight gain.ConclusionOverall, the inclusion of EP in chickens' diets shows promise as a potential anti‐coccidial strategy. However, additional research is required to explore the mechanisms by which EP in chickens’ diet could involve in increasing the protection ability of chickens against coccidiosis.
Treatment of domestic wastewater and extracellular polymeric substance accumulation in siphon‐type composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Qiu Lin , Wu Hao , Nie Fahui , Liu Yong , Cao Wenping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, the siphon‐type composite vertical flow constructed wetland (Sc‐VSsFCW) was constructed with anthracite and shale ceramsite chosen as the substrate bed materials. During the 90‐day experiment, typical pollutant removal effects of wastewater and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) accumulation were investigated. Meanwhile, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the phase composition and surface morphology to analyze adsorptive property. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of siphon effluent on clogging and depolymerization by measuring the EPS components' evolution within the system. The findings reveal that both the anthracite and shale ceramsite systems exhibit impressive removal efficiencies for total phosphorus (TP), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+‐N), and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−‐N). However, as the experiment progressed, TP removal rates in both systems gradually declined because of the saturation of adsorption sites on the substrate surfaces. Although the dissolved oxygen (DO) levels remained relatively stable throughout the experiment, pH exhibited distinct patterns, suggesting that the anthracite system relies primarily on chemical adsorption, whereas the shale ceramsite system predominantly utilizes physical adsorption. After an initial period of fluctuation, the permeability coefficient and porosity of the system gradually stabilized, and the protein and polysaccharide contents in both systems exhibited a downward trend. The study underscores that anthracite and shale ceramsite have good effectiveness in pollutant removal as substrate materials. Overall, the hydraulic conditions of the double repeated oxygen coupling siphon in the Sc‐VSsFCW system contribute to enhanced re‐oxygenation capacity and permeability coefficient during operation. The changes in EPS content indicate that the siphon effluent exerts a certain depolymerization effect on the EPS within the system, thereby mitigating the risk of biological clogging to a certain extent.Practitioner Points
The system can still maintain good pollutant treatment effect in long‐term operation.
The re‐oxygenation method of the system can achieve efficient and long‐term re‐oxygenation effect.
The siphon effluent has a certain improvement effect on the permeability coefficient and porosity, but it cannot effectively inhibit the occurrence of clogging.
The EPS content did not change significantly during the operation of the system, and there was a risk of biological clogging.
The Epidemiology of Biliary Tract Cancer and Associated Prevalence of MDM2 Amplification: A Targeted Literature Review
Authors: Kratz Jeremy David , Klein Alyssa Barchet , Gray Courtney Beth , Märten Angela , Vilu Hanna-Liisa , Knight Jennifer Francesca , Kumichel Alexandra , Ueno Makoto 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBiliary tract cancer (BTC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that is anatomically classified as gallbladder cancer (GBC), extra- and intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA and iCCA) and ampullary cancer (AC). BTC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage when treatment options are limited and patients have a poor prognosis, so the identification of new drug targets is of critical importance. BTC is molecularly diverse and harbours different therapeutically actionable biomarkers, including mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), which is currently being investigated as a drug target. The aim of this targeted review was to evaluate and synthesise evidence on the epidemiology of BTC and its subtypes in different geographic regions and on the frequency of MDM2 amplifications in BTC tumours. Epidemiological studies (N = 33) consistently demonstrated high incidence rates in South and Central Asia for BTC overall (up to 9.00/100,000) and for all subtypes, with much lower rates in Europe and the US. Among the different types of BTC, the highest global incidence was observed for CCA, mainly driven by iCCA (1.4/100,000), followed by GBC (1.2/100,000) and AC (0.18–0.93 per 100,000). Studies of MDM2 in BTC (N = 19) demonstrated variable frequency of MDM2 amplification according to subtype, with consistently high MDM2 amplification rates in GBC (up to 17.5%), and lower rates in CCA (up to 4.4%). The results from this literature review highlight the geographic heterogeneity of BTC and the need for standardised clinicopathologic assessment and reporting to allow cross-study comparisons.
Correlates of the Short Form Love Attitudes Scale among Portuguese People
Authors: Neto Félix , Pinto Maria da Conceição 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the psychometric characteristics of the Love Attitudes Scale: Short Form (LAS-SF), and the relationship between love style and other romantic relationships constructs in a Portuguese population. The LAS-SF measures six love styles: Eros, Ludus, Storge, Pragma, Mania and Agape, which are grounded on Lee’s theory. This tool is one of the most utilized assessments of love in the literature. There were 1153 Portuguese participants (554 women, mean age = 38 years). Confirmatory factor analyses evidenced that the six latent dimensions of the LAS-SF confirmed an acceptable fit to the data. The internal consistency of the Portuguese form of the LAS-SF was evaluated utilizing Cronbach’s Alpha (for subscales 0.71 to 0.78) and McDonald’s Omega (for subscales 0.71 to 0.79). Eros was positively related to satisfaction with love life, satisfaction with sex life, sexual desire, commitment, and negatively associated with romantic loneliness. Ludic orientation was positively correlated with romantic loneliness and negatively correlated with commitment. Storgic orientation was positively related to commitment. Pragma was positively related to romantic loneliness. Mania was positively related to commitment. Agape was positively correlated with satisfaction with love life and commitment, and negatively correlated with romantic loneliness. Notably, commitment mediated the relationship of the agapic love style and romantic loneliness.
Multi‐Decadal Soil Moisture and Crop Yield Variability—A Case Study With the Community Land Model (CLM5)
Authors: Boas Theresa , Bogena Heye , Ryu Dongryeol , Western Andrew , Hendricks Franssen Harrie‐Jan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhile the impacts of climate change on global food security have been studied extensively, the capability of emerging tools that couple land surface processes and crop growth in reproducing inter‐annual yield variability at regional scale remains to be tested rigorously. In this study, we analyzed the effects of weather variations between years (1999–2019) on regional crop productivity for two agriculturally managed regions with contrasting climate and cropping conditions: the German state of North Rhine‐Westphalia (DE‐NRW) and the Australian state of Victoria (AUS‐VIC), using the latest version of the Community Land Model (CLM5) and the WFDE5 (WATCH Forcing Data methodology applied to ECMWF reanalysis version 5) reanalysis. Overall, the simulation results were able to reproduce the total annual crop yields of certain crops, while also capturing the differences in total yield magnitudes between the domains. However, the simulations showed limitations in correctly capturing inter‐annual differences of crop yield compared to official yield records, which resulted in relatively low correlation coefficients between 0.07 and 0.39 in AUS‐VIC and between 0.11 and 0.42 in DE‐NRW. The mean absolute deviation of simulated winter wheat yields was up to 4.6 times lower compared to state‐wide records from 1999 to 2019. Our results suggest the following limitations of CLM5: (a) limitations in simulating yield responses from plant hydraulic stress; (b) errors in simulating soil moisture contents compared to satellite‐derived data; and (c) errors in the representation of cropland in general, for example, crop parameterizations and human influences.
Human Settlement Pressure Drives Slow‐Moving Landslide Exposure
Authors: Ferrer Joaquin V. , Samprogna Mohor Guilherme , Dewitte Olivier , Pánek Tomáš , Reyes‐Carmona Cristina , Handwerger Alexander L. , Hürlimann Marcel , Köhler Lisa , Teshebaeva Kanayim , Thieken Annegret H. , Tsou Ching‐Ying , Urgilez Vinueza Alexandra , Demurtas Valentino , Zhang Yi , Zhao Chaoying , Marwan Norbert , Kurths Jürgen , Korup Oliver 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA rapidly growing population across mountain regions is pressuring expansion onto steeper slopes, leading to increased exposure of people and their assets to slow‐moving landslides. These moving hillslopes can inflict damage to buildings and infrastructure, accelerate with urban alterations, and catastrophically fail with climatic and weather extremes. Yet, systematic estimates of slow‐moving landslide exposure and their drivers have been elusive. Here, we present a new global database of 7,764 large (A ≥ 0.1 km2) slow‐moving landslides across nine IPCC regions. Using high‐resolution human settlement footprint data, we identify 563 inhabited landslides. We estimate that 9% of reported slow‐moving landslides are inhabited, in a given basin, and have 12% of their areas occupied by human settlements, on average. We find the density of settlements on unstable slopes decreases in basins more affected by slow‐moving landslides, but varies across regions with greater flood exposure. Across most regions, urbanization can be a relevant driver of slow‐moving landslide exposure, while steepness and flood exposure have regionally varying influences. In East Asia, slow‐moving landslide exposure increases with urbanization, gentler slopes, and less flood exposure. Our findings quantify how disparate knowledge creates uncertainty that undermines an assessment of the drivers of slow‐moving landslide exposure in mountain regions, facing a future of rising risk, such as Central Asia, Northeast Africa, and the Tibetan Plateau.
Humid, Warm and Treed Ecosystems Show Longer Time‐Lag of Vegetation Response to Climate
Authors: Gao Xinran , Zhuo Wen , Gonsamo Alemu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClimate‐vegetation interaction assessments often focus on vegetation response to concurrent climatic perturbations, seldom on the time‐lag effect of climate. Here we employ global satellite observations, climate data records and CO2 flux measurements to calculate the time‐lag of vegetation response to climate. We analyze the time‐lags of various climate variables under distinct environmental conditions to gain insight into how the long‐term climatic regimes and tree cover influence the time‐lag effects. Our findings reveal that terrestrial ecosystems characterized by arid and cold climates show more concurrent climate‐vegetation interactions than other ecosystems. Whereas areas with higher tree cover and humid ecosystems with both high mean annual temperature and precipitation show substantial time‐lag response of vegetation to climate by up to 6 months. Since the global climate‐vegetation interaction is dominated by time‐lag effects, incorporating these effects is paramount to improve our understanding of vegetation dynamics under a changing climate.
East–West Difference in the Ionospheric Response During the Recovery Phase of May 2024 Super Geomagnetic Storm Over the East Asian
Authors: Guo Xu , Zhao Biqiang , Yu Tingting , Hao Honglian , Sun Wenjie , Wang Guojun , He Maosheng , Mao Tian , Li Guozhu , Ren Zhipeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, we offer an extensive examination of the F‐region ionospheric disturbances during the May 2024 superstorm, focusing primarily on the middle‐low latitude regions of East Asia. Our analysis is grounded in a wealth of data sources including Total Electron Content (TEC), ionospheric parameters NmF2 and hmF2, Electron Density Profile (EDP) retrieved from Radio Occultation (RO) data, and ∑[O]/[N2] from the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI), among others, complemented by model simulations. The observed negative ionospheric storm effect, characterized by a significant and long‐lasting reduction in electron density across the entire China, commenced immediately following the sudden storm commencement (SSC) on 10 May and continued through the main and early recovery phase of the storm on 11 May. On 11–12 May, positive ionospheric storm impacts were initially observed in a restricted geographical area from the post‐midnight to sunrise, first manifesting over the eastern regions of China and then shifting to the central regions. Subsequently, a pronounced negative storm effect persisted throughout the later stages of recovery phase. In contrast, the western regions of China experienced a positive storm effect on 12 May followed by a comparatively mild negative storm phase. This persistent extensive zonal gradient in electron density across the East Asian region resembles the scenarios depicted in prior superstorms attributed to the thermospheric circulation patterns. The disparity in the ionospheric response from east to west in this area is probably a common feature during superstorms, potentially resulting from an arch‐shaped structure of elevated ∑[O]/[N2].
Different Types of Surface Chlorophyll Patterns of Oceanic Mesoscale Eddies Identified by AI Framework
Authors: Nian Rui , Yuan Minghan , Zhang Zhengguang , Wu Tong , Ji Yajie , Wang Yanmei , Yang Hua , Fu Zhen , Xu Hengfu , Shi Kexin , He Bo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOceanic mesoscale eddies (with scale 101–102 km) and their submesoscale fine structures (with scale 100–101 km) can effectively induce vertical motions and bring nutrients into the oceanic euphotic layer, which leaves abundant footprints on the ocean surface chlorophyll distributions and have the potential to promote primary productivity of oceanic ecosystem. In return, these surface chlorophyll footprints observed by ocean color satellites can serve as a useful tool to reveal the spatial structures of mesoscale eddies and their submesoscale fine structures. By combining artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to develop a series of identification strategies for typical surface chlorophyll patterns around mesoscale eddies, we find that over 20% of mesoscale eddy observations exhibit identifiable typical chlorophyll patterns, which tends to regulate an increase of the surface chlorophyll concentration within the corresponding eddies, especially enhancing by about 30% in nutrient‐restricted subtropical regions compared with the background values. Based on their geometric features, typical chlorophyll patterns are primarily classified as Core, Spiral, Tail, Ring, Loop, and Eye respectively by clustering algorithm. Further spatial‐spectral analysis found that the typical patterns on eddies exhibit a much steeper wave‐number spectral slope about −3, compared to the non‐typical distributions on eddies and the non‐eddy background distribution (about −2.7–−2.2). This implies that the occurrence of different typical chlorophyll patterns may correspond to specific mesoscale and submesoscale dynamic processes.
Different Influence of Two Intraseasonal Oscillations on the Spring Long‐Lived and Medium‐Lived Consecutive Cloudy‐Rainy Events in the Yangtze‐Huaihe River Valley
Authors: Pan Wenqi , Sun Jianqi , Hong Haixu , Ma Jiehua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, the mechanisms for the long‐lived and medium‐lived regional consecutive cloudy‐rainy events (RCCREs) in the Yangtze‐Huaihe River valley (YHRV) are investigated by comparing the influences of 10–30‐day and 30–90‐day intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs). The evolution of medium‐lived RCCREs is generally dominated by the 10–30‐day ISO, while the 10–30‐day and 30–90‐day ISOs synergistically contribute to the occurrence of long‐lived RCCREs. Further analysis reveals that, when the East Asian westerly jet (EAWJ) shifts northward to the north of YHRV, a RCCRE in the YHRV occurs in 2 days later. In the medium‐lived RCCREs, the EAWJ retreats southward rapidly; while in the long‐lived RCCREs, the stronger 30–90‐day ISO prevents the southward retreat of EAWJ, which favors the persistence of the RCCREs in the YHRV. The northward shifted EAWJ facilitates the RCCREs by modulating the secondary atmospheric circulation, consequently enhancing the moisture convergence and ascending motion anomalies over the YHRV. The RCCREs‐related precursor wave train originates from northern Europe with at least a 4‐day lead. The wave train propagates southeastward to excite an anomalous high over East Asia, which contributes to the northward shift of EAWJ and subsequently the occurrence of RCCREs. Different from the rapid weakness of the precursor wave train associated with the medium‐lived RCCREs, the precursor wave train associated with the long‐lived RCCREs can be maintained by the 30–90‐day ISO, which consequently leads to a persistence of the northward located EAWJ and long‐lived RCCREs in the YHRV.
Activity of main-belt comet 324P/La Sagra
Authors: Mastropietro M. , Kim Y. , Hsieh H. H. , Agarwal J. 
Published: September 2024

Aims. We study the activity evolution of the main-belt comet 324P/La Sagra over time and the properties of its emitted dust.
Methods. We performed aperture photometry on images taken by a wide range of telescopes at optical and thermal infrared wavelengths between 2010 and 2021. We derived the combined scattering cross section of the nucleus and dust (when present) as a function of time, and we derived the thermal emission properties.
Results. Fitting an IAU H-G phase function to the data obtained when 324P was likely inactive, we derived an absolute nucleus magnitude HR = (18.4 ± 0.5) mag using G = 0.15 ± 0.12. The activity of 324P/La Sagra during the 2015 perihelion passage has significantly decreased compared to the previous perihelion passage in 2010, and it decreased even further during the 2021 perihelion passage. This decrease in activity may be attributed to mantling or to the depletion of volatile substances. The A f ρ profile analysis of the coma of the main-belt comet suggests a near-perihelion transition from a lower-activity pre-perihelion to a higher-activity post-perihelion steady state. We calculate a dust geometric albedo in the range of (2–15)%, which prevents us from constraining the spectral type of 324P/La Sagra, but we found an indication of dust superheating at 4.5 μm.
Evidence for gravitational self-lensing of the central supermassive black hole binary in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1566
Authors: Kollatschny W. , Chelouche D. 
Published: September 2024

Context. It is generally accepted that all massive galaxies host supermassive black holes (BHs) in their center and that mergers of two galaxies lead to the formation of BH binaries. The most interesting among them comprise the mergers in their final state, that is to say with parsec (3.2 light years) or sub-parsec orbital separations. It is possible to detect these systems with binary self-lensing.
Aims. Here we report the potential detection of a central supermassive BH binary in the active galaxy (AGN) NGC 1566 based on a microlensing outburst. The light curve of the outburst – based on observations with the All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae – lasted from the beginning of 2017 until the beginning of 2020. The steep symmetric light curve as well as its shape look very different with respect to normal random variations in AGN.
Results. However, the observations could be easily reproduced with a best-fit standard microlensing light curve. Based on the light curve, we derived a characteristic timescale of 155 days. During the outburst, the continuum as well as the broad line intensities varied; however, the narrow emission lines did not. This is an indication that the lensing object orbits the AGN nucleus between the broad line region (BLR) and the narrow line region (NLR), that is, at a distance on the order of 250 light days. The light curve can be reproduced by a lens with a BH mass of 5 × 105 M⊙. This implies a mass ratio to the central AGN on the order of 1–10.