bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain hypoxia mapping in acute stroke: Back-to-back T2′ MR versus 18F-fluoromisonidazole PET in rodents
Authors: Jensen-Kondering Ulf , Manavaki Roido , Ejaz Sohail , Sawiak Stephen J , Carpenter T Adrian , Fryer Tim D , Aigbirhio Franklin I , Williamson David J , Baron Jean-Claude 
Published: May 2017

Background Mapping the hypoxic brain in acute ischemic stroke has considerable potential for both diagnosis and treatment monitoring. PET using 18F-fluoro-misonidazole (FMISO) is the reference method; however, it lacks clinical accessibility and involves radiation exposure. MR-based T2′ mapping may identify tissue hypoxia and holds clinical potential. However, its validation against FMISO imaging is lacking. Here we implemented back-to-back FMISO-PET and T2′ MR in rodents subjected to acute middle cerebral artery occlusion. For direct clinical relevance, regions of interest delineating reduced T2′ signal areas were manually drawn. Methods Wistar rats were subjected to filament middle cerebral artery occlusion, immediately followed by intravenous FMISO injection. Multi-echo T2 and T2* sequences were acquired twice during FMISO brain uptake, interleaved with diffusion-weighted imaging. Perfusion-weighted MR was also acquired whenever feasible. Immediately following MR, PET data reflecting the history of FMISO brain uptake during MR acquisition were acquired. T2′ maps were generated voxel-wise from T2 and T2*. Two raters independently drew T2′ lesion regions of interest. FMISO uptake and perfusion data were obtained within T2′ consensus regions of interest, and their overlap with the automatically generated FMISO lesion and apparent diffusion coefficient lesion regions of interest was computed. Results As predicted, consensus T2′ lesion regions of interest exhibited high FMISO uptake as well as substantial overlap with the FMISO lesion and significant hypoperfusion, but only small overlap with the apparent diffusion coefficient lesion. Overlap of the T2′ lesion regions of interest between the two raters was ∼50%. Conclusions This study provides formal validation of T2′ to map non-core hypoxic tissue in acute stroke. T2′ lesion delineation reproducibility was suboptimal, reflecting unclear lesion borders.
Are the Current Little League Pitching Guidelines Adequate? A Single-Season Prospective MRI Study
Authors: Pytiak Andrew V. , Stearns Phillip , Bastrom Tracey P. , Dwek Jerry , Kruk Peter , Roocroft Joanna H. , Pennock Andrew T. 
Published: May 2017

Background: Little League throwing guidelines have recently been implemented in an attempt to lessen the growing number of elbow injuries occurring in youth baseball players. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine pre- and postseason changes seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in youth baseball players’ elbows in an attempt to identify risk factors for pain and MRI abnormalities, with a particular focus on the current Little League guidelines. We hypothesized that MRI abnormalities would be common in pitchers with high pitch counts and poor guideline compliance. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A prospective study of Little League players aged 10 to 13 years was performed. Players were recruited prior to the start of the season and underwent bilateral elbow MRI as well as a physical examination and completed a questionnaire addressing their playing history and arm pain. At the end of the season, a repeat MRI and physical examination were performed. MRIs were read by blinded radiologists. During the season, player statistics including innings played, pitch counts, and guideline compliance were recorded. Physical examination findings and player statistics were compared between subjects with and without MRI changes utilizing chi-square and analysis of variance techniques. Results: Twenty-six players were enrolled. Despite 100% compliance with pitching guidelines, 12 players (48%) had abnormal MRI findings, and 28% experienced pain during the season. There was a significant difference in distal humeral physeal width measured pre- to postseason (1.54 vs 2.31 mm, P < .001). There was a significant loss of shoulder internal rotation during the season, averaging 11°. While pitch counts, player position, and throwing curveballs/sliders were not significantly associated with changes seen on MRI, year-round play was associated with abnormalities ( P < .05). Much lower compliance (<50%) was observed with nonenforced guidelines, including avoidance of single-sport specialization, year-round play, and throwing curveballs/sliders. Conclusion: Arm pain and MRI abnormalities of the medial elbow are common in Little League baseball players who comply with the Little League throwing guidelines, especially those playing year-round.
A new telluride topology: the crystal structure of honeaite Au3TlTe2
Authors: Welch Mark D. , Still J. W. , Rice C. M. , Stanley C. J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe crystal structure of the first thallium-bearing gold telluride, honeaite Au3TlTe2, is reported and its topological novelty discussed. Honeaite is orthorhombic, space group Pbcm and unit-cell parameters a = 8.9671(4), b = 8.8758(4), c= 7.8419(5) Å, V = 624.14(6) Å3 (Z = 4). Its structure has been refined to R1 = 0.033, wR2 = 0.053, Goof = 1.087. The structure is based upon a corrugated double-sheet comprising two sub-sheets, each composed of six-memberedrings of corner-linked TeAu3 pyramids in which the Te lone pair is stereoactive. Rows of thallium atoms lie in the grooves between sheets and provide the only inter-sheet connectivity via Tl-Au bonds. There is extensive Au-Au bonding linking the two sub-sheets of the double-sheet.The structure is distinct from those of the 1:2 (Au,Ag)-tellurides: calaverite AuTe2, sylvanite AuAgTe4 and krennerite Au3AgTe8, which are based upon sheet structures with no connecting inter-sheet atoms. It also differs fundamentally from the structuresof synthetic phases Ag3TlTe2 and Ag18Tl4Te11, both of which have an analogous stoichiometry. In contrast to the pyramidal TeAu3 group of honeaite and krennerite, Ag does not form the corresponding TeAg3 group in itstellurides.
Juansilvaite, Na5Al3[AsO3(OH)]4[AsO2(OH)2]2(SO4)2·4H2O, a new arsenate-sulfate from the Torrecillas mine, Iquique Province, Chile
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Nash Barbara P. , Dini Maurizio , Molina Donoso Arturo A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe new mineral juansilvaite (IMA2015-080), Na5Al3[AsO3(OH)]4[AsO2(OH)2]2(SO4)2·4H2O, was foOptically, juansilvaiteund at the Torrecillas mine, Iquique Province, Chile, where it occurs as asecondary alteration phase in association with anhydrite, canutite, halite, sulfur and a mahnertite-like phase. Juansilvaite occurs as bright pink blades up to ∼0.5 mm long grouped in tightly intergrown radial aggregates and also as opaque dull pale pink rounded aggregates. Blades areflattened on {001}, elongated on [100] and exhibit the forms {001}, {111} and {201}. Crystals are transparent, with vitreous lustre and white streak. The Mohs hardness is ∼2½, tenacity is brittle and fracture is irregular. Cleavage is very good on {001}. The measured density is3.01(2) g cm–3 and the calculated density is 3.005 g cm–3. Optically, juansilvaite is biaxial (+) with α= 1.575(1), β = 1.597(1), γ= 1.623(1) and 2V = 86(1)° (measured in white light). Dispersion is r < v, slight, andthe orientation is X = b; Z ^ c = 27° in the obtuse angle β. The pleochroism is X > Y ≈ Z in shades of pale pink. The mineral is slowly soluble in dilute HCl at room temperature. The empirical formula, determined from electron-microprobeanalyses, is Na4.95Al2.28Fe0.503+Mn0.213+Cu0.04As5.92S1.83O36H17.37. Juansilvaite is monoclinic, C2/c, a = 18.1775(13), b = 8.6285(5), c= 18.5138(13) Å, β = 90.389(6)°, V = 2903.7(3) Å3 and Z = 4. The eight strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [dobs Å(I)(hkl)]: 9.25(100)(002), 7.20(34)(111), 4.545(34)(400), 3.988(39)(114), 3.363(42)(314), 3.145(66)(512,420), 2.960(68)(422,422) and 2,804(33)(131,423). The structure of juansilvaite (R1 = 3.82% for 2040 Fo > 4σF reflections) contains layers made up of alternating corner-linked Al–O octahedra and acid-arsenate tetrahedra. Sodium cations occur both peripheral to the layers and within cavities in the layers. An SO4 tetrahedron and an H2O group also are in the interlayer region.
Novel approach to genetic analysis and results in 3000 hemophilia patients enrolled in the My Life, Our Future initiative
Authors: Johnsen Jill M. , Fletcher Shelley N. , Huston Haley , Roberge Sarah , Martin Beth K. , Kircher Martin , Josephson Neil C. , Shendure Jay , Ruuska Sarah , Koerper Marion A. , Morales Jaime , Pierce Glenn F. , Aschman Diane J. , Konkle Barbara A. 
Published: May 2017

Key Points
MLOF used an innovative approach to genotype 3000 hemophilia patients identifying likely causative variants in 98.4% of patients. Hemophilia genotyping should include structural variation, F8 inversions (for hemophilia A), and consideration of gene-wide approaches.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Poly(γ-glutamic acid)-coated lipoplexes loaded with Doxorubicin for enhancing the antitumor activity against liver tumors
Authors: Qi Na , Tang Bo , Liu Guang , Liang Xingsi 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The study was to develop poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-coated Doxorubicin (Dox) lipoplexes that enhance the antitumor activity against liver tumors. γ-PGA-coated lipoplexes were performed by electrostatistically attracting to the surface of cationic charge liposomes with anionic γ-PGA. With the increasing of γ-PGA concentration, the particle size of γ-PGA-coated Dox lipoplexes slightly increased, the zeta potential from positive shifted to negative, and the entrapment efficiency (EE) were no significant change. The release rate of γ-PGA-coated Dox lipoplexes slightly increased at acidic pH, the accelerated Dox release might be attributed to greater drug delivery to tumor cells, resulting in a higher antitumor activity. Especially, γ-PGA-coated Dox lipoplexes exhibited higher cellular uptake, significant in vitro cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, and improved in vivo antitumor efficacy toward HepG2 hepatoma-xenografted nude models in comparison with Dox liposomes and free Dox solution. In addition, the analysis results via flow cytometry showed that γ-PGA-coated Dox lipoplexes induce S phase cell cycle arrest and significantly increased apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells. In conclusion, the presence of γ-PGA on the surface of Dox lipoplexes enhanced antitumor effects of liver tumors.
Effects of exenatide on cardiac function, perfusion, and energetics in type 2 diabetic patients with cardiomyopathy: a randomized controlled trial against insulin glargine
Authors: Chen Weena J. Y. , Diamant Michaela , de Boer Karin , Harms Hendrik J. , Robbers Lourens F. H. J. , van Rossum Albert C. , Kramer Mark H. H. , Lammertsma Adriaan A. , Knaapen Paul 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background
Multiple bloodglucose-lowering agents have been linked to cardiovascular events. Preliminary studies showed improvement in left ventricular (LV) function during glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist administration. Underlying mechanisms, however, are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate myocardial perfusion and oxidative metabolism in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients with LV systolic dysfunction as compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, effects of 26-weeks of exenatide versus insulin glargine administration on cardiac function, perfusion and oxidative metabolism in T2DM patients with LV dysfunction were explored.

Methods and results
Twenty-six T2DM patients with LV systolic dysfunction (cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) derived LV ejection fraction (LVEF) of 47 ± 13%) and 10 controls (LVEF of 59 ± 4%, P < 0.01 as compared to patients) were analyzed. Both myocardial perfusion during adenosine-induced hyperemia (P < 0.01), and coronary flow reserve (P < 0.01), measured by [15O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET), were impaired in T2DM patients as compared to healthy controls. Myocardial oxygen consumption and myocardial efficiency, measured using [11C]acetate PET and CMR derived stroke volume, were not different between the groups. Eleven patients in the exenatide group and 12 patients in the insulin glargine group completed the trial. Systemic metabolic control was improved after both treatments, although, no changes in cardiac function, perfusion and metabolism were seen after exenatide or insulin glargine.

Conclusions
T2DM patients with LV systolic dysfunction did not have altered myocardial efficiency as compared to healthy controls. Exenatide or insulin glargine had no effects on cardiac function, perfusion or oxidative metabolism.
Trial registration NCT00766857
Fixed point theorems for F-expanding mappings
Authors: Górnicki Jarosław 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRecently, Wardowski (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2012:94, 2012) introduced a new concept of F-contraction and proved a fixed point theorem which generalizes the Banach contraction principle. Following this direction of research, in this paper, we present some new fixed point results for F-expanding mappings, especially on a complete G-metric space.
Frontline Science: Nasal epithelial GM-CSF contributes to TLR5-mediated modulation of airway dendritic cells and subsequent IgA response
Authors: Cao Yuan , Zhang Ejuan , Yang Jingyi , Yang Yi , Yu Jie , Xiao Yang , Li Wei , Zhou Dihan , Li Yaoming , Zhao Bali , Yan Hu , Lu Mengji , Zhong Maohua , Yan Huimin 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Flagellin, as a TLR5 agonist, is an established mucosal adjuvant for enhancing mucosal IgA responses by i.n. immunization. Nasal epithelial cells (NECs) are the first sentinel cells to be exposed to antigen and adjuvant in i.n. immunization, and it is suggested that they play an important role in the mucosal adjuvant activity of flagellin. However, the molecular mechanism leading to modulation and the response by flagellin-activated NECs remain unknown. We aimed to identify the soluble mediator(s) from flagellin-activated NECs that modulate the functions of airway dendritic cells (DCs) and enhance subsequent IgA response. In vitro studies showed that compared with the TLR4 agonist LPS, flagellin directly triggered slight up-regulation of CD80 on airway DCs but was insufficient to affect CD86 expression and DC-mediated IgA response. With the use of an in vitro system for culturing mouse primary NECs (mNECs), we demonstrated that flagellin-activated mNECs could functionally modulate airway DCs, which manifested as significant up-regulation of CD80/CD86 and enhancement of IgA production. The functional modulation of airway DCs was dependent on TLR5 activation of mNECs rather than direct TLR5 activation of airway DCs. With the use of cytokine array and antibody-blocking assays, we further identified that GM-CSF, a cytokine secreted from TLR5-activated mNECs, contributes to the activation of mNECs to airway DCs and subsequent IgA enhancement. In vivo blocking experiments confirmed that GM-CSF is an important factor in recombinant flagellin derived from Salmonella typhi (FliC)-induced airway DC activation and antigen-specific IgA enhancement. Our data directly demonstrate that nasal epithelial GM-CSF contributes to TLR5-mediated modulation of airway DCs and a subsequent IgA response.
Immunotherapeutic approaches of IL-1 neutralization in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Apte Ron N , Voronov Elena 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
IL-1 is a pleiotropic cytokine that controls inflammation, immunity, and hemopoiesis. The major IL-1 agonistic molecules are IL-1α and IL-1β, which bind to IL-1R type I (IL-1R1) and induce similar biologic functions. The IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a physiologic inhibitor of IL-1R1 signaling. In the tumor microenvironment, IL-1 is expressed by malignant, stromal, and infiltrating cells and supports tumor invasiveness and progression. We have shown that in the tumor microenvironment, the IL-1 agonistic molecules act different as a result of their local amounts and their compartmentalization within the producing cells. IL-1β is produced mainly by myeloid cells upon inflammatory stimulation and is active as a mature, secreted molecule. The precursor of IL-1α (ProIL-1α) is biologically active; it is constitutively expressed in diverse tissue cells in basal levels, and its expression increases during stress or inflammation. ProIL-1α is mainly located in the cytosol or it is membrane associated. ProIL-1α also translocates into the nucleus and binds to chromatin. ProIL-1α is rarely actively secreted but is released from necrotizing tissues and serves as “alarmin” for initiation of inflammation. In the tumor microenvironment, IL-1β promotes tumorigenesis, tumor invasiveness, and immunosuppression. On the other hand, membrane-associated forms of IL-1α support the development of anti-tumor immunity. In cancer patients, both IL-1 agonistic molecules coexist and interact with each other. Here, we discuss the role of IL-1 agonistic molecules in tumor progression and their potential to serve as targets in anti-tumor immunotherapeutic approaches. Our notion on the optimal conditions for IL-1 manipulation is also discussed.
The seismic signature of rain
Authors: Dean Timothy 
Published: May 2017

Rain has long been a problem for land seismic surveys, in terms of its effect on the condition of the surface and near surface, and also due to the seismic noise it creates when raindrops hit the ground. I measured the seismic signature of rainfall using water dripped from height using a pipette and natural rain in Winchester, England, over a three-month period. My results indicated that rain noise is concentrated at frequencies of greater than 80 Hz with a detectable range of less than 1 m. Drops of water landing directly on a geophone result in events with amplitudes nearly 30 times larger than those landing next to the geophone. Items placed on the surface of the ground, such as cables, absorb the energy of the impact and reduce the level of the resulting seismic noise. Burying geophones results in attenuation of rain noise by between 7.7 and [Formula: see text]. But, given the effort required to bury geophones, it is likely that data processing algorithms, or the placement of vibration-absorbent matting, are likely to be the preferred strategies for dealing with the noise.
The Same-Day Delivery Problem for Online Purchases
Authors: Voccia Stacy A. , Campbell Ann Melissa , Thomas Barrett W. 
Published: May 2017

Same-day delivery for online purchases is a recent trend in online retail. We introduce a multi-vehicle dynamic pickup and delivery problem with time constraints that incorporates key features associated with same-day delivery logistics. To make better informed decisions, our solution approach incorporates information about future requests into routing decisions. We also introduce an analytical result that identifies when it is beneficial for vehicles to wait at the depot. We present a wide range of computational experiments that demonstrate the value of our approach. The results show that more requests can be filled when time windows are evenly spread throughout the day compared to when many requests' time windows occur late in the day. However, the anticipation of future requests is most valuable when many requests' time windows occur late in the day. As a result of increased flexibility, experiments also demonstrate that the value of anticipating the future decreases when the number of vehicles or the arrival rate of requests increases. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2016.0732 .
Die Gesinnung der Verantwortungsethik
Authors: Ohly Lukas 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Max Weber’s differentiation between ethics of responsibility and ethics of conscience plays a prominent role in political ethics until today, but this is no ethical differentiation. Additionally, based on a categorical mistake, this difference is false in meta-ethical respect. In normative respect, Weber’s rationale of an ethics of responsibility is (even) circular. Employing two examples from (recent) theological ethics, the present essay sketches consequences of these conceptual weaknesses within the present debate on the refugee crisis.
Der irdische Jesus und die Praxisbedeutung der Christologie
Authors: Theißen Henning 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
As ›high Christology‹ often appears incompatible with church practice, the present essay ana­lyses the most prominent Christological concepts promulgated since H. S. Reimarus under the keywords of the ›historical Jesus‹ (D. F. Strauß), the ›kerygmatic Christ‹ (M. Kähler) and, most recently, the ›earthly Jesus‹ (J. Schröter), all promising to give orientation for the entirety of theological subjects and church practice (I.). In combination with theories of memory (as proposed by J. Assmann), especially the ›earthly Jesus‹ seems to be influential today but, in view of the problems of ›posttruth‹ (English ›word of the year‹ 2016), to which prominent theories of memory do not offer any effective remedy, also in need of correction (II.). Finally the essay reconstructs the concept of an ›earthly Jesus‹ as developed by Hans-Georg Geyer (1929-1999) of Göttingen, offering the task of theological ›commemoration‹ over against theories of (collective) memory (III.).
Geld in den evangelischer Landeskirchen in der Gegenwart
Authors: Schnell Heidrun 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Geld spielt eine wichtige Rolle in den Kirchen. Am Beispiel der EKBO wird deutlich gemacht, wie der Umgang mit Geld die Rahmenbedingungen des kirchlichen Lebens beeinflusst. Leitend ist die allgemeine Frage, ob die Kirchen Geld nutzen oder ihrerseits durch das Geld regiert werden.
Polyamine Plays a Role in Subculture Growth of in Vitro Callus of Indica Rice
Authors: Tan Yanping , Hu Wen , Xu Xin , Zhou Jie , Wang Chuntai , Liu Xuequn , Cheng Gang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn vitroembryogenic callus is a critical factor for genetic transformation of rice, especially for indica varieties. In this study, we investigated the relationship between polyamines, including putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), and callus browning, and we studied the effect of exogenous Put on callus regeneration and on the content of endogenous polyamines. In addition, the expression levels of arginine decarboxylase gene (Adc1) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene (Samdc) in embryogenic callus were studied by quantitative Real-time PCR analysis. The results showed that the contents of endogenous Put and Spd in the browning callus were significantly lower than those in normal callus. Exogenous Put could effectively improve the growing state of callus of indica rice and enhance the development of embryogenic callus. The content of endogenous polyamines in embryogenic callus, especially Spd and Spm, was increased after addition of exogenous Put. Additionally, exogenous Put also had an obvious impact on the expression levels ofAdc1but partial effect on the expression levels ofSamdcgene. This study could increase the knowledge of both embryogenic callus induction and polyamine catabolism in callus in indica rice.