bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromatin Remodeling Factor LSH Drives Cancer Progression by Suppressing the Activity of Fumarate Hydratase
Authors: He Xiaozhen , Yan Bin , Liu Shuang , Jia Jiantao , Lai Weiwei , Xin Xing , Tang Can-e , Luo Dixian , Tan Tan , Jiang Yiqun , Shi Ying , Liu Yating , Xiao Desheng , Chen Ling , Liu Shao , Mao Chao , Yin Gang , Cheng Yan , Fan Jia , Cao Ya , Muegge Kathrin , Tao Yongguang 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Chromatin modification is pivotal to the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which confers potent metastatic potential to cancer cells. Here, we report a role for the chromatin remodeling factor lymphoid-specific helicase (LSH) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a prevalent cancer in China. LSH expression was increased in NPC, where it was controlled by the Epstein–Barr virus-encoded protein LMP1. In NPC cells in vitro and in vivo, LSH promoted cancer progression in part by regulating expression of fumarate hydratase (FH), a core component of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. LSH bound to the FH promoter, recruiting the epigenetic silencer factor G9a to repress FH transcription. Clinically, we found that the concentration of TCA intermediates in NPC patient sera was deregulated in the presence of LSH. RNAi-mediated silencing of FH mimicked LSH overexpression, establishing FH as downstream mediator of LSH effects. The TCA intermediates α-KG and citrate potentiated the malignant character of NPC cells, in part by altering IKKα-dependent EMT gene expression. In this manner, LSH furthered malignant progression of NPC by modifying cancer cell metabolism to support EMT. Cancer Res; 76(19); 5743–55. ©2016 AACR.
Variation in Patient Profiles and Outcomes in US and Non-US Subgroups of the Cangrelor Versus Standard Therapy to Achieve Optimal Management of Platelet Inhibition (CHAMPION) PHOENIX Trial
Authors: Vaduganathan Muthiah , Harrington Robert A. , Stone Gregg W. , Steg Ph. Gabriel , Gibson C. Michael , Hamm Christian W. , Price Matthew J. , Prats Jayne , Deliargyris Efthymios N. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , White Harvey D. , Bhatt Deepak L. 
Published: June 2016

Background—
The Cangrelor Versus Standard Therapy to Achieve Optimal Management of Platelet Inhibition (CHAMPION) PHOENIX trial demonstrated superiority of cangrelor in reducing ischemic events at 48 hours in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention compared with clopidogrel.

Methods and Results—

We analyzed all patients included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis in US (n=4097; 37.4%) and non-US subgroups (n=6845; 62.6%). The US cohort was older, had a higher burden of cardiovascular risk factors, and had more frequently undergone prior cardiovascular procedures. US patients more frequently underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for stable angina (77.9% versus 46.2%). Almost all US patients (99.1%) received clopidogrel loading doses of 600 mg, whereas 40.5% of non-US patients received 300 mg. Bivalirudin was more frequently used in US patients (56.7% versus 2.9%). At 48 hours, rates of the primary composite end point were comparable in the US and non-US cohorts (5.5% versus 5.2%;
P
=0.53). Cangrelor reduced rates of the primary composite end point compared with clopidogrel in US (4.5% versus 6.4%; odds ratio 0.70 [95% confidence interval 0.53–0.92]) and in non-US patients (4.8% versus 5.6%; odds ratio 0.85 [95% confidence interval 0.69–1.05]; interaction
P
=0.26). Similarly, rates of the key secondary end point, stent thrombosis, were reduced by cangrelor in both regions. Rates of Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Arteries (GUSTO)–defined severe bleeding were low and not significantly increased by cangrelor in either region.

Conclusions—
Despite broad differences in clinical profiles and indications for percutaneous coronary intervention by region in a large global cardiovascular clinical trial, cangrelor consistently reduced rates of ischemic end points compared with clopidogrel without an excess in severe bleeding in both the US and non-US subgroups.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01156571.
Fetal Atrial Flutter: Electrophysiology and Associations With Rhythms Involving an Accessory Pathway
Authors: Wacker‐Gussmann Annette , Strasburger Janette F. , Srinivasan Sharda , Cuneo Bettina F. , Lutter William , Wakai Ronald T. 
Published: June 2016

Background

Atrial flutter (
AF
l) accounts for up to one third of all fetal tachyarrhythmias and can result in premature delivery, hydrops, and fetal death in 10% of cases; however, the electrophysiology of
AF
l in utero is virtually unstudied.

Methods and Results

In this observational study, we reviewed 19 fetal magnetocardiography studies from 16 fetuses: 15 fetuses (21–38 weeks’ gestation) referred with an echocardiographic diagnosis of
AF
l and 1 fetus (20 weeks’ gestation) referred with a diagnosis of tachycardia that was shown by fetal magnetocardiography to have transient
AF
l in addition to atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia. Thirteen fetuses showed
AF
l during the fetal magnetocardiography session, including 4 that presented prior to the third trimester. Five fetuses had incessant
AF
l; all but 1 of the others with
AF
l showed additional significant rhythms. Specifically,
AF
l showed a strong association with rhythms involving an accessory pathway: atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia, blocked reentrant premature atrial contractions, and ventricular preexcitation. The observed initiations and terminations of
AF
l most often involved reentrant premature atrial contractions. Spontaneous termination of
AF
l showed
AF
l cycle length oscillations. Nine fetuses with 2:1
AF
l also showed periods of 4:1 conduction or variable conduction that oscillated between 2:1 and 4:1; however, 3:1
AF
l was relatively rare.

Conclusions

Fetal
AF
l can occur as early as midgestation and is often accompanied by atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia and other rhythms associated with an accessory pathway. The findings depict critical differences in the electrophysiology of
AF
l in the fetus versus the neonate.
Sampling over Nonuniform Distributions: A Neural Efficiency Account of the Primacy Effect in Statistical Learning
Authors: Karuza Elisabeth A. , Li Ping , Weiss Daniel J. , Bulgarelli Federica , Zinszer Benjamin D. , Aslin Richard N. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Successful knowledge acquisition requires a cognitive system that is both sensitive to statistical information and able to distinguish among multiple structures (i.e., to detect pattern shifts and form distinct representations). Extensive behavioral evidence has highlighted the importance of cues to structural change, demonstrating how, without them, learners fail to detect pattern shifts and are biased in favor of early experience. Here, we seek a neural account of the mechanism underpinning this primacy effect in learning. During fMRI scanning, adult participants were presented with two artificial languages: a familiar language (L1) on which they had been pretrained followed by a novel language (L2). The languages were composed of the same syllable inventory organized according to unique statistical structures. In the absence of cues to the transition between languages, posttest familiarity judgments revealed that learners on average more accurately segmented words from the familiar language compared with the novel one. Univariate activation and functional connectivity analyses showed that participants with the strongest learning of L1 had decreased recruitment of fronto-subcortical and posterior parietal regions, in addition to a dissociation between downstream regions and early auditory cortex. Participants with a strong new language learning capacity (i.e., higher L2 scores) showed the opposite trend. Thus, we suggest that a bias toward neural efficiency, particularly as manifested by decreased sampling from the environment, accounts for the primacy effect in learning. Potential implications of this hypothesis are discussed, including the possibility that “inefficient” learning systems may be more sensitive to structural changes in a dynamic environment.
What Is Shaping RT and Accuracy Distributions? Active and Selective Response Inhibition Causes the Negative Compatibility Effect
Authors: Panis Sven , Schmidt Thomas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInhibitory control such as active selective response inhibition is currently a major topic in cognitive neuroscience. Here we analyze the shape of behavioral RT and accuracy distributions in a visual masked priming paradigm. We employ discrete time hazard functions of response occurrence and conditional accuracy functions to study what causes the negative compatibility effect (NCE)—faster responses and less errors in inconsistent than in consistent prime target conditions—during the time course of a trial. Experiment 1 compares different mask types to find out whether response-relevant mask features are necessary for the NCE. After ruling out this explanation, Experiment 2 manipulates prime mask and mask target intervals to find out whether the NCE is time-locked to the prime or to the mask. We find that (a) response conflicts in inconsistent prime target conditions are locked to target onset, (b) positive priming effects are locked to prime onset whereas the NCE is locked to mask onset, (c) active response inhibition is selective for the primed response, and (d) the type of mask has only modulating effects. We conclude that the NCE is neither caused by automatic self-inhibition of the primed response due to backward masking nor by updating response-relevant features of the mask, but by active mask-triggered selective inhibition of the primed response. We discuss our results in light of a recent computational model of the role of the BG in response gating and executive control.
The Suspect’s Right to Silence in Viet Nam
Authors: Lam Tien Dung 
Published: June 2016

Viet Nam is attempting to develop a judicial reform strategy to uphold the rule of law and to protect the rights and interests of its people. However, the protection of the rights for criminal suspects in Viet Nam is still limited. In practice, there are still many legal constraints that limit the protection of a suspect’s rights in police custody.
First, torture and other forms of ill treatment exist in the investigative phase and the court often condones these practices, regardless of whether the person charged has the constitutional right to both presumption of innocence and freedom from torture and other forms of ill-treatment. Second, the rules on police questioning of suspects and the taking of statements are vague and not respected carefully in reality. The absence of respect for these rights has several negative consequences for the suspect as it opens the way for torture and other forms of inhuman treatment to be used to extort confessions.
So far, however, there has been little discussion about the right to silence for suspects in Viet Nam. Most studies on the rights of suspects have only been carried out in a small number of areas and limited to analysing the legal regulations protecting the general rights of the accused. No reliable study has been conducted on whether Viet Nam should guarantee the right to silence. Therefore, this article will explore the requirements needed to guarantee the right of the individual to protect himself or herself from self-incrimination in Viet Nam.
Helminth parasites of Australasian monotremes and marsupials
Authors: SPRATT DAVID M. , BEVERIDGE IAN 
Published: June 2016

This work includes all published records, to April 2015, of the helminths occurring in Australasian monotremes and marsupials, with due regard for synonymy and an attempt to include life history studies, pathological observations and epidemiology. It also contains all unpublished records known to us and referrable, by accession numbers, to curated collections in Australia and overseas. Information is presented by host family, genus, species, sub-species or chromosome race and includes the names of all host species from which no parasites have been recorded. Most records pertain to free-living and wild animals; where they do not, they have been annotated appropriately. Unpublished information known to the authors has been included in annotations to entries, where appropriate. Parasites are arranged as follows: Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, and their systematic position is indicated by abbreviations placed before the name. The authority for each parasite record is given after the author’s name, as a number in parentheses, and this refers to the numbered (1-664) list of references. A parasite-host list is presented alphabetically, irrespective of taxonomic affiliation together with the host species in which they are known to occur. Hosts are arranged initially by family and alphabetically within each family.
MiKlip: A National Research Project on Decadal Climate Prediction
Authors: Marotzke Jochem , Müller Wolfgang A. , Vamborg Freja S. E. , Becker Paul , Cubasch Ulrich , Feldmann Hendrik , Kaspar Frank , Kottmeier Christoph , Marini Camille , Polkova Iuliia , Prömmel Kerstin , Rust Henning W. , Stammer Detlef , Ulbrich Uwe , Kadow Christopher , Köhl Armin , Kröger Jürgen , Kruschke Tim , Pinto Joaquim G. , Pohlmann Holger , Reyers Mark , Schröder Marc , Sienz Frank , Timmreck Claudia , Ziese Markus 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Mittelfristige Klimaprognose (MiKlip), an 8-yr German national research project on decadal climate prediction, is organized around a global prediction system comprising the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) together with an initialization procedure and a model evaluation system. This paper summarizes the lessons learned from MiKlip so far; some are purely scientific, others concern strategies and structures of research that target future operational use.
Three prediction system generations have been constructed, characterized by alternative initialization strategies; the later generations show a marked improvement in hindcast skill for surface temperature. Hindcast skill is also identified for multiyear-mean European summer surface temperatures, extratropical cyclone tracks, the quasi-biennial oscillation, and ocean carbon uptake, among others. Regionalization maintains or slightly enhances the skill in European surface temperature inherited from the global model and also displays hindcast skill for wind energy output. A new volcano code package permits rapid modification of the predictions in response to a future eruption.
MiKlip has demonstrated the efficacy of subjecting a single global prediction system to a major research effort. The benefits of this strategy include the rapid cycling through the prediction system generations, the development of a sophisticated evaluation package usable by all MiKlip researchers, and regional applications of the global predictions. Open research questions include the optimal balance between model resolution and ensemble size, the appropriate method for constructing a prediction ensemble, and the decision between full-field and anomaly initialization.
Operational use of the MiKlip system is targeted for the end of the current decade, with a recommended generational cycle of 2–3 years.
The Time Scales of Variability of Marine Low Clouds
Authors: de Szoeke Simon P. , Verlinden Kathryn L. , Yuter Sandra E. , Mechem David B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMultidecade global regressions of inversion strength, vertical velocity, and sea surface temperature (SST) on low cloud amount, from subdaily to multiyear time scales, refute the dominance of seasonal inversion strength on marine low cloud variability. Multiday low cloud variance averaged over the eastern Pacific and Atlantic stratocumulus regions [5 × 10−2 (cloud amount)2] is twice the subdaily variance and 5 times larger than the multimonth variance. The broad multiday band contains most (60%) of the variance, despite strong seasonal (annual) and diurnal spectral peaks. Multiday low cloud amount over the eastern tropical and midlatitude oceans is positively correlated to inversion strength, with a slope of 2%–5% K−1. Anecdotes show multiday low cloud and inversion strength anomalies propagate equatorward from midlatitudes. Previously shown correlations of low clouds to strong inversions and cool SST on monthly and longer time scales in the stratocumulus regions imply positive cloud-radiative feedbacks, with e-folding time scales of 300 days for SST and 14 days for atmospheric boundary layer temperature. On multimonth time scales, removing the effect of SST on low clouds reduces the low cloud amount explained by inversion strength by a factor of 3, but SST has a small effect at other time scales. Contrary to their positive correlation in the stratocumulus cloud decks, low clouds are anticorrelated to inversion strength over most of the tropics on daily and subdaily time scales.
Patterns of Sea Ice Retreat in the Transition to a Seasonally Ice-Free Arctic
Authors: DeRepentigny Patricia , Tremblay L. Bruno , Newton Robert , Pfirman Stephanie 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The patterns of sea ice retreat in the Arctic Ocean are investigated using two global climate models (GCMs) that have profound differences in their large-scale mean winter atmospheric circulation and sea ice drift patterns. The Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM-LE) presents a mean sea level pressure pattern that is in general agreement with observations for the late twentieth century. The Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), exhibits a low bias in its mean sea level pressure over the Arctic region with a deeper Icelandic low. A dynamical mechanism is presented in which large-scale mean winter atmospheric circulation has significant effect on the following September sea ice extent anomaly by influencing ice divergence in specific areas. A Lagrangian model is used to backtrack the 80°N line from the approximate time of the melt onset to its prior positions throughout the previous winter and quantify the divergence across the Pacific and Eurasian sectors of the Arctic. It is found that CCSM4 simulates more sea ice divergence in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas and less divergence in the Eurasian seas when compared to CESM-LE, leading to a Pacific-centric sea ice retreat. On the other hand, CESM-LE shows a more symmetrical retreat between the Pacific, Eurasian, and Atlantic sectors of the Arctic. Given that a positive trend in the Arctic Oscillation (AO) index, associated with low sea level pressure anomalies in the Arctic, is a robust feature of GCMs participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), these results suggest that the sea ice retreat in the Pacific sector could be amplified during the transition to a seasonal ice cover.
An Investigation of the Goshen County, Wyoming, Tornadic Supercell of 5 June 2009 Using EnKF Assimilation of Mobile Mesonet and Radar Observations Collected during VORTEX2. Part II: Mesocyclone-Scale Processes Affecting Tornado Formation, Maintenance, and Decay
Authors: Marquis James , Richardson Yvette , Markowski Paul , Wurman Joshua , Kosiba Karen , Robinson Paul 
Published: June 2016

Storm-scale and mesocyclone-scale processes occurring contemporaneously with a tornado in the Goshen County, Wyoming, supercell observed on 5 June 2009 during the second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) are examined using ensemble analyses produced by assimilating mobile radar and in situ observations into a high-resolution convection-resolving model. This paper focuses on understanding the evolution of the vertical structure of the storm, the outflow buoyancy, and processes affecting the vertical vorticity and circulation within the mesocyclone that correspond to changes in observed tornado intensity.Tornadogenesis occurs when the low-level mesocyclone is least negatively buoyant relative to the environment, possesses its largest circulation, and is collocated with the largest azimuthally averaged convergence during the analysis period. The average buoyancy, circulation, and convergence within the near-surface mesocyclone (on spatial scales resolved by the model) all decrease as the tornado intensifies and matures. The tornado and its parent low-level mesocyclone both dissipate surrounded by a weakening rear-flank downdraft. The decreasing buoyancy of parcels within the low-level mesocyclone may partly be responsible for the weakening of the updraft surrounding the tornado and decoupling of the mid- and low-level circulation. Although the supply of horizontal vorticity generated in the forward flank of the storm increases throughout the life cycle of the tornado, it is presumably less easily tilted and stretched on the mesocyclone-scale during tornado maturity owing to the disruption of the low-level updraft/downdraft structure. Changes in radar-measured tornado intensity lag those of ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) mesocyclone vorticity and circulation.
Colombia’s Gallery of Memory
Authors: Márquez Erika 
Published: June 2016

The Gallery of Memory, a street exhibit organized by Colombian activists affiliated with the Victims of State Crimes Movement to memorialize human rights violations, connects individual cases of human rights abuse with a larger critique of state violence. Through this exercise, activists bring together earlier and current violations of human rights and provide a framework that situates present undemocratic currents within the trajectory of the state’s politics of exception and its correlates, national security and the internal enemy. Critical reflection on the potential for place-based, coproduced resignification of security measures in a context of systemic violence suggests that the Gallery has become part of the movement-based human rights repertoire for democratizing citizenship in Colombia. La Galería de la Memoria, una exhibición callejera organizada por un grupo de activistas colombianos afiliado al Movimiento de Víctimas de Crímenes de Estado para conmemorar violaciones a los derechos humanos, conecta casos individuales de abusos a derechos humanos con una crítica más amplia de la violencia del Estado. Por medio de esta práctica, los activistas sitúan las corrientes antidemocráticas actuales dentro de la trayectoria de las políticas de excepción del estado y sus correlatos de la seguridad nacional y el enemigo interno. Al promover una reflexión crítica sobre el potencial para una resignificación específica y coproducida de las medidas de seguridad en un contexto de violencia sistémica, la Galería se ha convertido en parte de un repertorio de derechos humanos para la democratización ciudadana en Colombia con base en los movimientos sociales.
Προβλήματα συμπεριφοράς στην τάξη και παρέμβαση του δασκάλου
Authors: Πουρσανίδου Ευρώπη Ιωάννη 
Published: June 2016

<p class="summary">Τα προβλήματα συμπεριφοράς των μαθητών που αντιμετωπίζουν οι εκπαιδευτικοί στην τάξη είναι πολλά και διαφορετικής μορφής και έντασης. Η πρόληψη, η αντιμετώπιση και η επίλυση των προβλημάτων αυτών εντάσσεται στο πλαίσιο της δουλειάς τους. Το έργο αυτό είναι δύσκολο και έχει αυξημένες απαιτήσεις, οι οποίες έχουν ποικίλες μορφές και συνδέονται με τη σχολική τάξη και το άμεσο κοινωνικό περιβάλλον της.</p><p class="summary">Το παρόν άρθρο καταγράφει τις αιτίες των ανεπιθύμητων συμπεριφορών στην τάξη, εξετάζει τα προβλήματα συμπεριφοράς στην τάξη, τις στάσεις των εκπαιδευτικών απέναντι στους μαθητές με προβλήματα συμπεριφοράς και τέλος διατυπώνει προτάσεις για την αντιμετώπισή τους. Ειδικότερα, παρουσιάζονται τα χαρακτηριστικά των παιδιών με προβλήματα συμπεριφοράς και ο τρόπος που αυτά τα παιδιά λειτουργούν μέσα στην τάξη. Τέλος, γίνεται αναφορά στις βασικές αρχές της διαχείρισης της σχολικής τάξης και προτείνονται τρόποι διαχείρισης των προβλημάτων. </p>