bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Free and Forced Convection Couette-Hartmann Flow in a Rotating Channel with Arbitrary Conducting Walls and Hall Effects
Authors: Seth G. S. , Sarkar S. , Makinde O. D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCombined free and forced convection Couette-Hartmann flow of a viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid in rotating channel with arbitrary conducting walls in the presence of Hall current is investigated. Boundary conditions for magnetic field and expressions for shear stresses at the walls and mass flow rate are derived. Asymptotic analysis of solution for large values of rotation and magnetic parameters is performed to highlight nature of modified Ekmann and Hartmann boundary layers. Numerical solution of non-linear energy equation and rate of heat transfer at the walls are computed with the help of MATHEMATICA. It is found that velocity depends on wall conductance ratio of moving wall and on the sum of wall conductance ratios of both the walls of channel. There arises reverse flow in the secondary flow direction near central region of the channel due to thermal buoyancy force. Thermal buoyancy force, rotation, Hall current and wall conductance ratios resist primary fluid velocity whereas thermal buoyancy force and Hall current favor secondary fluid velocity in the region near lower wall of the channel. Magnetic field favors both the primary and secondary fluid velocities in the region near lower wall of the channel.
Improved B-Spline Skinning Approach for Design of Hawt Blade Mold Surfaces
Authors: Hosseini S. F. , Moetakef-Imani B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe intricate 3D design of wind turbine blades has caused unwanted problems for blade designers and blade mold manufacturers. For example the cord length variation and twisting of airfoils, change of the airfoil type and the blade pre-bend can introduce major geometric complications. A novel method is suggested to improve 3D modeling of the blade mold surfaces as well as the required parting lines during the design process of the wind turbine blade. In the proposed algorithm, the blade leading edge surface is trimmed by parting lines calculated based on the blade silhouette while keeping G1 continuity of resulting surfaces. The Minimum Variation Surface (MVS) and strain energy fairing criteria approve that blade mold surfaces obtained by the developed method have better fairness compared to the surface created by the well-established design method. All programs are written in MATLAB and the final surfaces are converted into the standard IGES file format which is importable into any commercial CAD/CAM system.
Thermal Analyses of LED Light Bars and Backlight Modules
Authors: Tsai M.-Y. , Tang C.-Y. , Zheng C.-E. , Tsai Y.-Y. , Chen C.-H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe effects of various parameters, such as thermal properties of substrates, thermal interface materials (TIMs) and heat sinks on the thermal performance of the light emitting diode (LED) light bars and backlight module are investigated experimentally and numerically in terms of junction temperature (Tj) and thermal resistances from junction to air (Rj-a). The results show that the measured Rj-a of the light bars by powering-on five LEDs in the test is different from one by powering-on only one LED, resulting from the extra heat coming from the adjacent LED packages affecting the Tj for the case of powering-on five LEDs. For the modules, Rj-a is significantly reduced by using the heat sinks for all backlight modules, and aluminum and iron heat sinks do not show any obvious difference in heat dissipation along with any substrates and TIMs. Furthermore, both experimental and simulation results show that the thermal conductivity of the substrates are more important and dominant than TIM and heat sink for the Rj-a of the backlight modules concerned, and also demonstrate that the thermal field for the local model can represent the one in full-scale backlight module.
Defending the status quo across venues and coalitions: evidence from California interest groups
Authors: Varone Frédéric , Ingold Karin , Jourdain Charlotte 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the conditions under which pro-status quo groups increase their advocacy success during an entire policymaking process. It scrutinises whether pro-status quo defenders who are involved in multiple institutional venues and who join many coalitions of interest groups are able to achieve their policy preferences. A case study focussing on the regulation of stem cell research in California traces the policymaking process and the related advocacy activities of interest groups in legislative, administrative, judicial and direct democratic venues. The empirical results, which are based on a formal social network analysis, reveal that very few groups are multivenue players and members of several coalitions. In addition, occupying a central network position is insufficient for the pro-status quo groups to improve their advocacy success.
Reliability analysis for mutative topology structure multi-AUV cooperative system based on interactive Markov chains model
Authors: Liang Qingwei , Sun Tianyuan , Shi Liang 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYIn the real practice of multi-AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) cooperative systems, tasks or malfunctions will change the topology. The process of mutative topology structure will affect the reliability of multi-AUV cooperative system. The interactive Markov chains model, which is an intercurrent model of functional action and capability index, is selected to reflect the reliability of topology-changed multi-AUV cooperative systems. In this model, multi-AUV cooperative systems are described by the conception—“Action”. The concept of “action transfer” is used to describe the topology-changed multi-AUV cooperative system, and model checking is used to solve the interactive Markov chains, giving the probability of reliability within a certain time for the system. The result shows that the method proposed in this paper has a practical value.
PROMISE AND PLAUSIBILITY: HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION DECISIONS WITH LIMITED EVIDENCE
Authors: Campbell Bruce , Knox Paul 
Published: August 2016

Background: The adoption of new medical devices and diagnostics is often hampered by lack of published evidence which makes conventional health technology assessment (HTA) difficult. We now have 5 years’ experience of the Medical Technologies Advisory Committee of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom, addressing this problem. This committee assesses devices and diagnostics against claims of advantage, to produce guidance on adoption for the health service.Methods: We have reflected on the practical, technical, and intellectual processes we have used in developing guidance for the health service.Results: When scientific and clinical evidence is sparse, promise and plausibility play an increased part in decision-making. Drivers of promise include a clear design and mechanism of action, the possibility of radical improvement in care and/or resource use, and improving health outcomes for large numbers of patients. Plausibility relates to judgements about the whether the promise is likely to be delivered in a “real world” setting. Promise and plausibility need to be balanced against the amount of evidence available. We examine the influence they may have on decision-making compared with other factors such as risk and cost.Conclusions: Decisions about adoption of new devices and diagnostics with little evidence are influenced by judgements of their promise and the plausibility of claims that they will provide benefits in a real-world setting. This kind of decision making needs to be transparent and this article explains how these influences can be balanced against the use of more familiar criteria.
Differences in topographic and soil habitat specialization between trees and two understorey plant groups in a Costa Rican lowland rain forest
Authors: Jones Mirkka M. , Ruokolainen Kalle , Llerena Martinez Nelly C. , Tuomisto Hanna 
Published: August 2016

Abstract:Two core questions in plant community ecology are to what extent the distributions of species are structured by local environmental conditions, and whether taxa differ in this regard. We compared the distributions of trees, Melastomataceae and ferns on soil and topographic gradients in a Costa Rican lowland rain forest (trees and ferns 983 plots, Melastomataceae 277 plots). To test whether these plant groups differed in the prevalence or type of habitat specialization, we calculated species’ environmental optima and tolerances on each gradient. Habitat specialization was defined as a significantly biased optimum, or a narrow tolerance, relative to values obtained under spatially restricted randomizations of species occurrences. Within plant groups, we also asked whether the dispersion of species optima differed from random expectation on each gradient. Fern optima were over-dispersed on multiple gradients, implying considerable interspecific habitat partitioning, and tree optima were over-dispersed in relation to topographic position. Habitat specialization was more prevalent in the two predominantly understorey groups than in trees (75% of Melastomataceae species, 81–87% of ferns, 57–58% of trees). Species optima of Melastomataceae and ferns also tended towards lower landscape positions than did those of trees, perhaps reflecting a higher proportion of drought-sensitive species in these two groups.
Brazilians’ experiences with iron fortification: evidence of effectiveness for reducing inadequate iron intakes with fortified flour policy
Authors: Vieira Diva Aliete dos Santos , Steluti Josiane , Verly-Jr Eliseu , Marchioni Dirce Maria , Fisberg Regina Mara 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess Fe intake, calculate the prevalence of inadequate Fe intake and identify food contributors to Fe intake during 2003 and 2008 in a population-based study, reflecting before and after the mandatory fortification of flour with Fe.DesignTwo cross-sectional population-based studies conducted in 2003 and 2008. Dietary intake was evaluated by 24 h recall and the Software for Intake Distribution Estimation (PC-SIDE) was used to estimate within-person variance and prevalence of inadequate Fe intake. The statistical analysis was conducted considering the complex survey design.SettingSão Paulo, Brazil.SubjectsAdolescents, adults and elderly adults of both sexes, interviewed in 2003 (n 2386) and 2008 (n 1661).ResultsThe Fe intake mean increased in all populations in the post-fortification period. A reduction of over 90 % was observed in the prevalence of inadequate Fe intake among men for all age groups analysed. When evaluating women, despite the substantial reduction (over 63 %), prevalence of inadequate Fe intake remained high (34 %) in those aged 19–50 years. Major food contributors to Fe intake before fortification were beans, beef, vegetables and dairy. There was an alteration in the contributors in the post-fortification period, with bread, beef, beans and biscuits as main contributors.ConclusionsThe mandatory fortification with Fe significantly furthered the reduction in the prevalence of inadequacy, except among women of reproductive age, and changed the main contributors to this nutrient in the studied population. Therefore, monitoring of Fe addition in flour is essential to assess compliance to the fortified flour policy and to guarantee a safe Fe intake for all the population.
Pesticide resistance in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) populations from Togo and Benin
Authors: Agboyi L. K. , Ketoh G. K. , Martin T. , Glitho I. A. , Tamò M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella(L.) is the major insect pest of cabbage crops in Togo and Benin. For control, farmers very often resort to spraying chemical insecticides at high dosages with frequent applications. Bioassays were carried out on three populations ofP. xylostella, two from Togo (Kara and Dapaong) and one from Benin (Cotonou), to assess their level of susceptibility to currently used insecticides. A reference strain ofP. xylostellafrom Matuu in Kenya was used as a control. In the laboratory, three insecticide representatives of different chemical families (deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl and spinosad) were assayed against third instar larvae ofP. xylostella. Results revealed thatP. xylostellapopulations from Dapaong, Kara and Cotonou were more resistant to deltamethrin (13 to 59-fold at LC50level, 149 to 1772-fold at LC90level) and chlorpyrifos ethyl (5 to 15-fold at LC50level, 9 to 885-fold at LC90level) than the reference strain. Spinosad was more toxic toP. xylostellapopulations than the other insecticides with LC50and LC90values less than 1 µg/ml and 15 µg/ml, respectively. However, the population from Cotonou appeared significantly more resistant to spinosad compared to the reference strain. These results are discussed in the light of developing an integrated pest management strategy for reducing the selection pressure of spinosad.
Identifying Remote Halo Giants in High-Latitude Fields with Kepler 2
Authors: Peterson Ruth C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis work sketches how SDSSugrcolors and Kepler 2 in halo fields can identify red giants 50–100 kpc distant with minimal metallicity bias. For these mildly-reddened, metal-poor giants, (g-r)oyields the effective temperatureTeffto 100 K. K2 can detect the p-mode oscillations of red giants and measure their frequency of maximum power νmax. This sets the luminosityLboland thus the distance, plus an estimate of metallicity [Fe/H].
Exploring the vertical age structure of the Galactic disc
Authors: Casagrande Luca 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWhile in external or high-redshift galaxies we can only measure integrated stellar properties at best, the Milky Way offers us the unique opportunity to study its individual baryonic components, including stars. We use oscillations measured in red giant stars by the Kepler satellite to derive stellar ages and explore the vertical age structure across few kpc of the Milky Way disc. We find that old stars dominate at increasing Galactic heights, whereas closer to the plane a rich zoology of ages exists. The age distribution of stars shows a smooth distribution over the last 10 Gyr, which together with a flat age-metallicity relation is consistent with a quiescent evolution for the Milky Way disc since a redshift of about two.
The evolution of the spiral galaxy M51a
Authors: Kang Xiaoyu , Zhang Fenghui , Chang Ruixiang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA simple model for M51a is constructed to explore its evolutionary history by assuming its disk grows from continuous gas infall, which is shaped by a free parameter-the infall-peak time tp. By adopting a constant infall-peak time tp = 7.0Gyr, our model predictions can reproduce most of the observed constraints and still show that the disk of M51a forms inside-out. Our results also show that the current molecular gas surface density, the star-formation rate and the UV-band surface brightness are important quantities to trace the effect of recent interactions on galactic star-formation process.
The impact of stellar feedback on high-z galaxy populations
Authors: Hirschmann Michaela , De Lucia Gabriella 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOne major deficiency of state-of-the-art galaxy formation models consists in their inability of capturing the observed galaxy downsizing trend significantly over-estimating the number density of low-mass galaxies, in particular at high redshifts. Employing an enhanced galaxy formation model with a full chemical enrichment scheme (DeLucia et al., 2014), we present an improved model for stellar feedback (based on parametrizations from cosmological zoom simulations), in which strong gas outflows occur due to bursty star formation at high z, while star formation is mainly “quiescent” not causing any significant outflows anymore at low z. Due to the stronger gas outflows at high z, early star formation is strongly delayed towards later times. This helps to sufficiently detach the evolution of galaxy growth from the hiearchical dark matter assembly resulting in a fairly good agreement with the evolution of the observed stellar mass function (SMF, see Fig. 1). With our new feedback scheme, we can also successfully reproduce many other observational constraints, such as the metallicity content, the cold gas fractions or the quiescent galaxy fractions at both low and high redshifts. The resulting new-generation galaxy catalogues (Hirschmann et al., in prep) based on that model are expected to significantly contribute to the interpretation of current and up-coming large-scale surveys (HST, JWST, Euclid). This will, in turn, provide a rapid verification and refinement of our modeling.
Can we infer the Initial Mass Function of galaxies at z ~ 2?
Authors: Nanayakkara Themiya , Glazebrook Karl ,   The ZFIRE Team
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecent studies show increasing evidence for the possibility of the Initial Mass Function (IMF) of galaxies to vary as a function of numerous physical parameters. These studies mainly focus on the low redshift galaxies (at z≤0.1) and is not backed by any studies at higher redshifts. Using MOSFIRE data from KECK, we use the Hα Equivalent-Width (EW) as a proxy for the IMF to study in situ IMF of galaxies at z ~ 2. In this proceedings we focus on the underlying physics of this method and present our initial findings. More work is needed to interpret the results accurately and will be presented in our future papers.
Photometric Redshifts in the Hawaii-Hubble Deep Field-North
Authors: Yang G. , Xue Y. Q. , Luo B. , Brandt W. N. , Alexander D. M. , Bauer F. E. , Cui W. , Kong X. , Lehmer B. D. , Wang J.-X. , Wu X.-B. , Yuan F. , Yuan Y.-F. , Zhou H. Y. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe derive zphot for sources in the entire (~0.4 deg2) H-HDF-N field with the EAzY code, based on PSF-matched broad-band (U band to IRAC 4.5 μm) photometry. Our catalog consists of a total of 131,678 sources. We find σNMAD = 0.029 for non-X-ray sources. We also classify each object as a star or galaxy through SED fitting. Furthermore, we match our catalog with the 2 Ms CDF-N main X-ray catalog. For the 462 matched non-stellar X-ray sources, we improve their zphot quality (σNMAD = 0.035) by adding three additional AGN templates. We make our photometry and zphot catalog publicly available.
The Galaxy UV Luminosity Function Before the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Mason Charlotte A. , Trenti Michele , Treu Tommaso 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe present a model for the evolution of the galaxy ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function (LF) where star formation is linked to the assembly of dark matter halos under the assumption of a mass dependent, but redshift independent, efficiency. With a calibration at a single redshift, and no further degrees of freedom, our model captures the evolution of the UV LF over all available observations (0≲ z ≲ 10). We make predictions for reionization and future high-redshift surveys with JWST and WFIRST.
Comparison of Approaches to Photometric Redshift Estimation of Quasars
Authors: Tu Yang , Zhang Yan-Xia , Zhao Yong-Heng , Tian Hai-Jun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe probe many kinds of approaches used for photometric redshift estimation of quasars, including KNN (K-nearest neighbor algorithm), Lasso (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator), PLS (Partial Least Square regression), ridge regression, SGD (Stochastic Gradient Descent) and Extra-Trees.
The Distribution of Stellar Populations within Galaxies
Authors: Sodré Laerte , de Novais Patricia Martins 
Published: August 2016

AbstractStellar populations are fossil records of several physical processes which occur in galaxies and their distribution within these objects may provide important clues on how they form and evolve. By using parameters from image processing we have been developing a new approach to understand the spatial distribution of stellar populations and how this is correlated with the form and evolution of galaxies. In this work we present some results obtained with data from the CALIFA survey.
The Planck List of High-z source candidates: A laboratory for high-z star-forming galaxies
Authors: Montier L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Planck satellite (Planck 2015 results. I) has provided the first FIR/submm all-sky survey with a sensitivity allowing us to identify the rarest, most luminous hig-z dusty star-forming sources on the sky. The Planck list of high-z source candidates (PHZ, PIP XXXIX subm) has been built and charcaterized over 25% of the sky by selecting the 2151 brightest red submm sources at a 5' resolution (Montier et al. 2010). Follow-up observations with Herschel/SPIRE over 228 Planck candidates have already shown that 93% of these candidates are actually overdensities of red sources (PIP XXVII 2015), while 12 Planck high-z candidates are identified as strongly lensed star-forming galaxies at redshift between 2.2 and 3.6 (Canameras et al. 2015). The first confirmed Planck proto-cluster candidate has been revealed to be a double structure at z = 1.7 and zz = 2.03 (Flores-Cacho et al. 2015). The PHZ opens a new window on these extreme star-forming systems at high-z, providing a powerful laboratory to study the mechanisms of galaxy evolution and enrichment in the frame of the large scale structure growth.
Toward unveiling internal properties of Hii regions and their connections at the cosmic noon era
Authors: Shimakawa Rhythm , Kodama Tadayuki , Hayashi Masao , Tadaki Ken-ichi , Suzuki Tomoko L. , Koyama Yusei , Tanaka Ichi , Yamamoto Moegi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe redshift interval z = 2–3 is known as the cosmic noon that is the most active era of star formation across the Universe (Hopkins & Beacom 2006). In the past decade, many authors have investigated global properties of star-forming (SF) galaxies in this turbulent era, such as gas fractions and gaseous metallicities (e.g. Erb et al. 2006). With those achievements, we are going on to the next stage to understand more details i.e. those physical parameters in star-forming regions. Recent advent of near-infrared instruments typified by MOSFIRE on the Keck telescope, enable us with identifying the physical parameters of Hii regions in ‘typical’ SF galaxies individually (Steidel et al. 2014). Recent highlights suggest higher electron densities, higher ionization parameters, and harder UV radiation fields may be common.In order to know how galaxy evolution physically correlates with the natures of their star-forming regions, we have explored relationships between the electron density (ne) of ionized gas from the oxygen line ratio and other physical properties, based on the deep spectra of Hα emitters at z = 2.5 by the MOSFIRE. MOSFIRE for the first time provides ne of the galaxies at high-z with a high level of confidence. The result shows the specific star formation rate (sSFR) and the SFR surface density (ΣSFR) are correlated with ne (Shimakawa et al. 2015). The ne-ΣSFR relation could be linked to the star formation law in Hii regions if we assume that hydrogen in Hii regions is fully-ionized. Otherwise, more active star formation per unit area (higher ΣSFRs), may cause higher ionization states. However, we need some specific concerns that obtained physical parameters should depend on the scale dependence, since typical size of Hii region is only <100 pc despite that we study physical states of entire galaxies. Thus we obtain surface-brightness-weighted and ensemble averaged line fluxes for the entire galaxy or the part that falls into the slit width (a few kpc scale size). The thirty meter telescope (TMT) is a powerful instrument to resolve such a difficulty, since its spatial resolution reaches <100 pc on the physical scale at z ~ 2 by AO assistance.