bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Real-time Monitor for TeV Gamma-Ray Flare with the LHAASO-WCDA Detector
Authors: Xiang G. M. , Zha M. , Zhou J. N. , Xing Y. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With its high duty cycle, wide field of view and high detection sensitivity, Water Chereknov Detector Array as one of sub-arrays of Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory is a promising facility to monitor transient phenomena in the very high energy gamma-ray band. In this work, a real-time monitor for selected TeV extragalactic sources is introduced, this flare monitor is developed to detect very high energy flare events and for further studying the power-providing mechanism of blazar relativistic jets. The detailed information such as the searching method and sensitivity of this real-time flare monitor is also presented. In the end, successful multi-wavelength and multi-messenger observation of 1ES 1959+650 and IC 310 also confirms the capabilities and reliability of the monitoring system.
Development of an optical measurement system for strain determination in concrete structures
Authors: Mineo M. , Alustiza D.H. , Aredes D. , Ciciarelli J.P. , Castiglioni G. , Vaio E. , Russo N.A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Health monitoring activities in concrete structures are
crucial tools in Civil Engineering for both maintenance processes
and durability assessment. These activities carry significant
economic implications within the field of civil projects. At the
regional level, locally produced products and services for such
monitoring are lacking. This deficiency is likely due to the high
costs associated with importing and deploying such systems, thus
limiting the implementation of structural health monitoring
practices. However, strain measurement is a key parameter in
structural monitoring techniques, and optical sensors have emerged
as attractive alternatives due to their inherent advantages over
conventional technologies. Recognizing the potential benefits and
economic impact of such systems in civil project management, and
noting the void in the regional market, this article presents the
results of a technological development undertaken as part of a
start-up technological project. Specifically, an optical system was
designed, implemented, and tested for strain measurement in concrete
structures using locally manufactured fiber optic sensors based on
Bragg gratings.
The unaccounted-for climate costs of materials
Authors: Colligan Paikea , Roijen Elisabeth Van , Kane Seth , Moore Frances , Miller Sabbie A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Materials production is a primary driver of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions; yet the externalized costs of these emissions on society are not reflected in market prices. Here, we estimate the externalized climate costs from materials production in the United States at approximately 79 billion USD per annum, and we highlight disparities in materials pricing. Proper accounting for such disparities can be leveraged to drive breakthroughs in technologies used for our material resources and manufacturing.
Baker–Akhiezer function for the deformed root system

B
C
(
l
,
1
)

and bispectrality
Authors: McWhinnie Iain , Rooke Liam , Vrabec Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We show that a Sergeev–Veselov difference operator of rational Macdonald–Ruijsenaars (MR) type for the deformed root system

B
C
(
l
,
1
)

preserves a ring of quasi-invariants in the case of non-negative integer values of the multiplicity parameters. We prove that in this case the operator admits a (multidimensional) Baker–Akhiezer eigenfunction, which depends on spectral parameters and which is, moreover, as a function of the spectral variables an eigenfunction for the (trigonometric) generalised Calogero–Moser–Sutherland (CMS) Hamiltonian for

B
C
(
l
,
1
)

. By an analytic continuation argument, we generalise this eigenfunction also to the case of more general complex values of the multiplicities. This leads to a bispectral duality statement for the corresponding MR and CMS systems of type

B
C
(
l
,
1
)

.
History of land status, land use, and land cover of two oil palm plantations in Riau Province
Authors: Nahlunnisa H 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Deforestation in Indonesia is often attributed to oil palm plantations. it is essential to investigate the historical land use origins within these plantations. This study aimed to identify the history of land status, type of land use and land cover of oil palm plantations. The research was conducted on two oil palm plantations located in Riau Province. Analysis involved overlaying maps, interpreting Landsat images from before the plantations were established, conducting a literature review, and interviews. The findings revealed that the majority of the land was classified as non-forest area (98.6%) according to the Minister of Forestry decree and earmarked for plantations and agriculture (99.01%) under the Riau Provincial Spatial Plan. Analysis indicated that the plantations had converted shrublands, former community lands, and peat swamp forests. Before conversion, the plantations exhibited four primary land cover and land use types: young bush (45%), secondary dryland forest (36%), old bushes (16%), and open land (3%). These results suggest that the activities undertaken by these two oil palm plantations did not contribute to deforestation, as they operated predominantly in non-forest areas.
In silico dosimetry for a prostate cancer treatment using 198Au nanoparticles
Authors: Angelocci Lucas Verdi , Sgrignoli Sabrina Spigaroli , de Souza Carla Daruich , Antunes Paula Cristina Guimarães , Rostelato Maria Elisa Chuery Martins , Zeituni Carlos Alberto 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. To estimate dose rates delivered by using radioactive 198Au nanoparticles for prostate cancer nanobrachytherapy, identifying contribution by photons and electrons emmited from the source. Approach. Utilizing in silico models, two different anatomical representations were compared: a mathematical model and a unstructured mesh model based on the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 145 phantom. Dose rates by activity were calculated to the tumor and nearby healthy tissues, including healthy prostate tissue, urinary bladder wall and rectum, using Monte Carlo code MCNP6.2. Main results. Results indicate that both models provide dose rate estimates within the same order of magnitude, with the mathematical model overestimating doses to the prostate and bladder by approximately 20% compared to the unstructured mesh model. The discrepancies for the tumor and rectum were below 4%. Photons emmited from the source were defined as the primary contributors to dose to other organs, while 97.9% of the dose to the tumor was due to electrons emmited from the source. Significance. Our findings emphasize the importance of model selection in dosimetry, particularly the advantages of using realistic anatomical phantoms for accurate dose calculations. The study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of 198Au nanoparticles in achieving high dose concentrations in tumor regions while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. Beta emissions were found to be predominantly responsible for tumor dose delivery, reinforcing the potential of 198Au nanoparticles in localized radiation therapy. We advocate for using realistic body phantoms in further research to enhance reliability in dosimetry for nanobrachytherapy, as the field still lacks dedicated protocols.
Exploring dynamic spatiotemporal relationships among multiple ecosystem systems to identify priority restoration areas: a case study in the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Wen Xin , Zhen Lin , Xiao Yu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ecological restoration has significantly improved ecosystem services (ESs) in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Identifying spatial priority restoration areas based on ESs plays a key role in future ecological restoration, as dynamic trade-off relationships exist in multiple ESs. This study examined the dynamic spatial and temporal relationships among soil erosion, carbon storage, and habitat quality from 1988 to 2020 and explored the spatial priority restoration areas in Yan’an, the Loess Plateau. We found that ecological restoration has improved soil erosion, carbon storage, and habitat quality in the entire Yan’an over the past three decades, but low values of ES areas were concentrated in north Yan’an. Trade-offs occurred in soil erosion, carbon storage, and habitat quality from 1988 to 2020. Significant trade-off relationship areas moved from south to north Yan’an, concentrating on Wuqi, Zhidan, Ansai counties, and north Baota district. Moreover, a high level of vegetation cover was maintained in Yan’an in 2015 and 2020, but we did not find a significant improvement for three ESs in 2020 in comparison to 2015. Thus, a focus should be on the maintenance of the level of vegetation in 2020 and priority restoration areas tend to be clustered in four counties located in north Yan’an. However, knowledge on what vegetation threshold is compatible with a good level of ES is missing. Future research may investigate the threshold of vegetation cover for providing multiple ES on a regional scale, even expanding to the entire Loess Plateau, and further identifying spatial priority restoration areas across the Loess Plateau.
Analysis on magnetization arrangements of ring-type permanent magnets in four surface levitation superconducting magnetic bearing
Authors: Jo Ju Hak , Choe Yun , Ryu Yu Gwang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB) composed of a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) and permanent magnets (PMs) is simple and easy in use since it is not necessary to supply a source of electricity for excitation windings. However, the SMB is restricted in the load capacity because of the limitation of the magnetization strength of the PM. Thus, it is a very important problem to improve the load capacity of the SMB. In this paper, we determined a suitable direction of the magnetization of ring-type PMs that brings about the maximum levitation force in the four-surface levitation superconducting magnetic bearing (FSL-SMB) composed of a ring-type HTS bulk and six ring-type PMs. The levitation system, considered in a two-dimensional axisymmetric system, is simulated for the field cooling (FC) state using the H-formulation and the finite-element method. Our simulation results show that the maximum levitation force is generated when only the upper ring-type of PMs is combined with opposite polarity. Also, changing of geometric size of PMs does not strongly influence the suitable magnetization arrangement of PMs for maximum levitation force. The FSL-SMB with opposite polarity provides significantly improved SMBs.
Odious Debt
Authors: Jones Corredera Edward 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This book is the first history of odious debt. This five-hundred-year history shows that the origins of debates on legitimate and illegitimate state debts date back to Hugo Grotius’ moral critique of the Spanish Empire. Latin American rebels and rulers harnessed these ideas as they sought to establish what their nations owed the Spanish Crown. Commutative debt continued to shape relations in the Catholic Spanish Empire while contracts became the law of the land in Protestant Europe and North America. With a focus on Mexico, Colombia, and Argentina, this book draws on archival sources in seven countries, overlooked congressional debates, and understudied thinkers. It analyses how officials who drafted Latin America’s first constitutions reconciled Catholic ideas of moral economy with visions of justice embedded in the Protestant law of nations. Debates over slavery, reprisal, and property rights shaped the creation of the new Latin American states. When constitutions failed and interventions over unpaid debts increased, Latin Americans sought to turn the law of nations into a code for a global moral economy. The sanctity of contracts was used to legitimate interventions and yet, as Latin American thinkers countered, the use of violence undermined the sacred purpose of debt: to fulfil the state’s obligations to the community. Today, as China’s global financial expansion grows by the day and international politics are increasingly dominated by debates on reparations, Latin America can reframe what it owes to the world and what the West owes to the rest.
Sensitivity Analysis for Attributable Fraction in the Presence of Unmeasured Confounding
Authors: Sim Hyunman , Tai An-Shun , Lee Whanhee , Lee Woojoo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A main goal of epidemiology is to provide an impact of an exposure on health outcomes. The attributable fraction (AF) is a widely used measure for quantifying its contribution. Various methods have been developed to estimate AF, including standardization, inverse probability of treatment weighting, and doubly robust methods. However, the validity of these methods is established based on the conditional exchangeability assumption, which cannot be tested using only observed data. To assess how vulnerable the research findings are to departures from this assumption, researchers need to conduct a sensitivity analysis. In this study, we propose novel sensitivity analysis methods for AF. Sensitivity analysis problems are formulated as optimization problems, and analytic solutions for the problem are derived. We illustrate our proposed sensitivity analysis methods with a publicly available dataset and examine how the AF of the mother’s smoking status during pregnancy for low birth weight changes to the degree of unmeasured confounding.
Automated CT-based decoupling of the effects of airway narrowing and wall thinning on airway counts in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Nadeem Syed Ahmed , Zhang Xinyu , Nagpal Prashant , Hoffman Eric A , Chan Kung-Sik , Comellas Alejandro P , Saha Punam K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
We examine pathways of airway alteration due to wall thinning, narrowing, and obliteration in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using CT-derived airway metrics.

Methods
Ex-smokers (N = 649; age mean ± std: 69 ± 6 years; 52% male) from the COPDGene Iowa cohort (September 2013-July 2017) were studied. Total airway count (TAC), peripheral TAC beyond 7th generation (TACp), and airway wall thickness (WT) were computed from chest CT scans using previously validated automated methods. Causal relationships among demographic, smoking, spirometry, COPD severity, airway counts, WT, and scanner variables were analysed using causal inference techniques including direct acyclic graphs to assess multi-pathway alterations of airways in COPD.

Results
TAC, TACp, and WT were significantly lower (P &lt; .0001) in mild, moderate, and severe COPD compared to the preserved lung function group. TAC (TACp) losses attributed to narrowing and obliteration of small airways were 4.59%, 13.29%, and 32.58% (4.64%, 17.82%, and 45.51%) in mild, moderate, and severe COPD, while the losses attributed to wall thinning were 8.24%, 17.01%, and 22.95% (12.79%, 25.66%, and 33.95%) in respective groups.

Conclusions
Different pathways of airway alteration in COPD are observed using CT-derived automated airway metrics. Wall thinning is a dominant contributor to both TAC and TACp loss in mild and moderate COPD while narrowing and obliteration of small airways is dominant in severe COPD.

Advances in knowledge
This automated CT-based study shows that wall thinning dominates airway alteration in mild and moderate COPD while narrowing and obliteration of small airways leads the alteration process in severe COPD.
Beyond the cochlea: exploring the multifaceted nature of hearing loss in primary mitochondrial diseases
Authors: Koohi Nehzat , Holmes Sarah , Male Amanda , Bamiou Doris-Eva , Dudziec Magdalena M , Ramdharry Gita M , Pizzamiglio Chiara , Hanna Michael G , Pitceathly Robert D S , Kaski Diego 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases, with diverse systemic manifestations, often present with auditory impairments due to mitochondrial dysfunction. This study provides an in-depth exploration of auditory deficits in primary mitochondrial diseases, highlighting the impact of various pathogenic variants on both cochlea and neural/central auditory functions. An observational study involving 72 adults with primary mitochondrial diseases was conducted. Participants underwent extensive audiological evaluations including pure-tone audiometry, tympanometry, acoustic reflex thresholds, quick speech-in-noise test, listening in spatialized noise-sentences test, auditory-evoked brainstem responses and distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Multivariate analysis of covariance and logistic regression analyses assessed the influence of various pathogenic DNA variants, accounting for age, cognitive status via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and disease severity through the Newcastle Mitochondrial Disease Adult Scale. Participants with the pathogenic m.3243A&gt;G/T variants (m.3243A&gt;G n = 40; m.3243A&gt;T n = 1) exhibited significant elevations in pure-tone audiometry thresholds, especially at high frequencies, suggesting cochlea involvement. Notably, the listening in spatialized noise-sentences test showed significant spatial processing deficits in the m.3243A&gt;G/T group, possibly indicating a unique mutation-specific impact on central auditory processing. Auditory-evoked brainstem response results highlighted a higher likelihood of auditory brainstem response abnormalities in this group, further substantiating neural/central auditory pathway involvement. This study emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of hearing impairment in primary mitochondrial diseases, with a genotype–phenotype correlation, particularly in the m.3243A&gt;G/T group. These insights advocate for personalized, genotype-specific auditory assessments and targeted management strategies. Conventional hearing aids and cochlear implants are ineffective for those with central auditory dysfunctions related to mitochondrial mutations. There is an urgent need for innovative rehabilitation strategies catering for both cochlear and neural/central auditory pathways.
Natural progression of basal cell carcinomas in patients awaiting surgical intervention
Authors: Lam Mun W , Wells Helena , Zhao Andrew , Gibbs Heidi , Tso Simon , Wernham Aaron 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are slow-growing keratinocyte tumours. There are few reports in the literature reporting the natural history of untreated BCCs. We evaluated the natural progression of BCCs and patient outcomes while awaiting surgical intervention. Only patients with histologically proven BCCs were included in our analysis. Retrospective data analysis was performed for a sample of 55 patients (in total, 70 lesions). There was a significant correlation between the average growth of BCCs and the time waiting for a procedure, with 20% of patients requiring a more complex procedure than originally planned at the time of booking. The top three most frequently reported symptoms were itching (39.4%), crusting (36.4%) and bleeding (30.3%). We report a positive relationship between BCC growth and the length of time from initial presentation to surgical treatment. Patients with long waits often exhibited more symptoms and required more complex surgical procedures than originally planned, especially for BCCs in the head and neck.
UeLP: accurate user linkage across social platforms against location errors
Authors: Liu Ruiting , Li Ruixiang , Shi Wenqi , Du Shaoyong , Liu Yimin , Luo Xiangyang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
User linkage across social platforms can connect the accounts of the same user across different social networks, which is crucial for the identification of users’ multiple social identities and cross-platform association analysis. Cross-platform user linkage based on location is a typical method in current research. These methods typically rely on check-in data to calculate user similarity. However, different from check-in location, the location data obtained from instant messaging social platforms may contain random errors, leading to low accuracy of user linkage of such methods. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an accurate user linkage method across social platforms against location errors. First, unlike existing methods that employ fixed-size grids, this paper uses a multi-grained spatio-temporal grid to organize data, in order to accurately extract user features from error locations. Then, by extracting coarse-grained movement pattern features from user trajectories, candidate users are filtered out, and a small subset of candidate uses is generated to effectively reduce the search space. Next, we establish a weight model based on grid contribution and motion sequence similarity to extract location and temporal features with stronger user orientation. Finally, according to the weight model, the weighted cluster center distance of trajectories is used to calculate the similarity between two different user trajectories. The user with the highest similarity is selected from the candidate subset to complete the user linkage. The extensive experiments are conducted on six public datasets containing 115 866 trajectories and a self-built dataset with 5358 trajectories. The results show the following: compared with the four existing typical location-based methods $k$-BCT, GS, TF-IDF, and TF-IWF, the accuracy Acc@1 is improved by an average of 33%, 44.94%, 15.2%, and 14.55%, respectively, and the accuracy Acc@3 is improved by 30.52%, 34.67%, 13.84%, and 13.19%, respectively.
International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus consensus on management of the failed fundoplication
Authors: Kohn Geoffrey P , Hassan Cesare , Lin Edward , Wong Yu-Hong Ian , Morozov Sergey , Mittal Sumeet , Thompson Sarah K , Lin Chelsea , Chen David , Elliott Jordi , Jahagirdar Varun , Newman Natasha , Shukla Rippan , Siersema Peter , Zaninotto Giovanni , Griffiths Ewen A , Wijnhoven Bas P ,   ISDE Collaborating Members Group
Published: October 2024

Summary
Fundoplication is a durable, effective, and well-accepted treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Nonetheless, troublesome postoperative symptoms do occasionally occur with management varying widely among centers. In an attempt to standardize definition and management of postfundoplication symptoms, a panel of international experts convened by the Guidelines Committee of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus devised a list of 33 statements across 5 domains through a Delphi approach, with at least 80% agreement to establish consensus. Eight statements were endorsed for the domain of Definitions, four for the domain of Investigations, nine for Dysphagia, nine for Heartburn, and four for Revisional surgery. This consensus defined as the treatment goal of fundoplication the resolution of symptoms rather than normalization of physiology or anatomy. Required investigations of all symptomatic postfundoplication patients were outlined. Further management was standardized by patients’ symptomatology. The appropriateness of revisional fundoplication and the techniques thereof were described and the role of revisional surgery for therapies other than fundoplication were assessed. Fundoplication remains a frequently-performed operation, and this is the first international consensus on the management of various postfundoplication problems.