bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid‐State Gas Adsorption Studies with Discrete Palladium(II) [Pd2(L)4]4+ Cages
Authors: Preston Dan , White Keith F. , Lewis James E. M. , Vasdev Roan A. S. , Abrahams Brendan F. , Crowley James D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe need for effective CO2 capture systems remains high, and due to their tunability, metallosupramolecular architectures are an attractive option for gas sorption. While the use of extended metal organic frameworks for gas adsorption has been extensively explored, the exploitation of discrete metallocage architectures to bind gases remains in its infancy. Herein the solid state gas adsorption properties of a series of [Pd2(L)4]4+ lantern shaped coordination cages (L = variants of 2,6‐bis(pyridin‐3‐ylethynyl)pyridine), which had solvent accessible internal cavities suitable for gas binding, have been investigated. The cages showed little interaction with dinitrogen gas but were able to take up CO2. The best performing cage reversibly sorbed 1.4 mol CO2 per mol cage at 298 K, and 2.3 mol CO2 per mol cage at 258 K (1 bar). The enthalpy of binding was calculated to be 25–35 kJ mol−1, across the number of equivalents bound, while DFT calculations on the CO2 binding in the cage gave ΔE for the cage–CO2 interaction of 23–28 kJ mol−1, across the same range. DFT modelling suggested that the binding mode is a hydrogen bond between the carbonyl oxygen of CO2 and the internally directed hydrogen atoms of the cage.
Room‐Temperature Oligomeric Discotic Nematic Liquid Crystals over a Wide Temperature Range: Structure–Property Relationships
Authors: Gupta Monika , Gupta Santosh Prasad , Mohapatra Subhransu Sekhar , Dhara Surajit , Pal Santanu Kumar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe design and synthesis of three room‐temperature discotic nematic (ND) liquid crystals (LCs) is presented. The LC consists of an azobenzene core attached to which are four pentaalkynylbenzene (PA) units through flexible alkyl spacers. The presence of a short azo linking group provides more disorder in the system, thereby reducing the packing efficiency among the PA units and resulting into the formation of a room‐temperature ND phase over a wide temperature range. Dielectric constant and birefringence studies were performed to gain further insights into the physical properties of the mesophase.
Confining Functional Nanoparticles into Colloidal Imine‐Based COF Spheres by a Sequential Encapsulation–Crystallization Method
Authors: Rodríguez‐San‐Miguel David , Yazdi Amirali , Guillerm Vincent , Pérez‐Carvajal Javier , Puntes Víctor , Maspoch Daniel , Zamora Félix 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHere, a two‐step method is reported that enables imparting new functionalities to covalent organic frameworks (COFs) by nanoparticle confinement. The direct reaction between 1,3,5‐tris(4‐aminophenyl)benzene and 1,3,5‐benzenetricarbaldehyde in the presence of a variety of metallic/metal‐oxide nanoparticles resulted in embedding of the nanoparticles in amorphous and non‐porous imine‐linked polymer organic spheres (NP@a‐1). Post‐treatment reactions of NP@a‐1 with acetic acid under reflux led to crystalline and porous imine‐based COF‐hybrid spheres (NP@c‐1). Interestingly, Au@c‐1 and Pd@c‐1 were found to be catalytically active.
Single cell transcriptome profiling of developing chick retinal cells
Authors: Laboissonniere Lauren A. , Martin Gregory M. , Goetz Jillian J. , Bi Ran , Pope Brock , Weinand Kallie , Ellson Laura , Fru Diane , Lee Miranda , Wester Andrea K. , Liu Peng , Trimarchi Jeffrey M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe vertebrate retina is a specialized photosensitive tissue comprised of six neuronal and one glial cell types, each of which develops in prescribed proportions at overlapping timepoints from a common progenitor pool. While each of these cells has a specific function contributing to proper vision in the mature animal, their differential representation in the retina as well as the presence of distinctive cellular subtypes makes identifying the transcriptomic signatures that lead to each retinal cell's fate determination and development challenging. We have analyzed transcriptomes from individual cells isolated from the chick retina throughout retinogenesis. While we focused our efforts on the retinal ganglion cells, our transcriptomes of developing chick cells also contained representation from multiple retinal cell types, including photoreceptors and interneurons at different stages of development. Most interesting was the identification of transcriptomes from individual mixed lineage progenitor cells in the chick as these cells offer a window into the cell fate decision‐making process. Taken together, these data sets will enable us to uncover the most critical genes acting in the steps of cell fate determination and early differentiation of various retinal cell types.
Mouse Fgf8‐Cre‐LacZ lineage analysis defines the territory of the postnatal mammalian isthmus
Authors: Watson Charles , Shimogori Tomomi , Puelles Luis 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe isthmus is recognized as the most rostral segment of the hindbrain in non‐mammalian vertebrates. In mammalian embryos, transient Fgf8 expression defines the developing isthmic region, lying between the midbrain and the first rhombomere, but there has been uncertainty about the existence of a distinct isthmic segment in postnatal mammals. We attempted to find if the region of early embryonic Fgf8 expression (which is considered to involve the entire extent of the prospective isthmus initially) might help to identify the boundaries of the isthmus in postnatal animals. By creating an Fgf8‐Cre‐LacZ lineage in mice, we were able to show that Fgf8‐Cre reporter expression in postnatal mice is present in the same nuclei that characterize the isthmic region in birds. The ‘signature’ isthmic structures in birds include the trochlear nucleus, the dorsal raphe nucleus, the microcellular tegmental nuclei, the pedunculotegmental nucleus, the vermis of the cerebellum, rostral parts of the parabrachial complex and locus coeruleus, and the caudal parts of the substantia nigra and VTA. We found that all of these structures were labeled with the Fgf8‐Cre reporter in the mouse brain, and we conclude that the isthmus is a distinct segment of the mammalian brain lying caudal to the midbrain and rostral to rhombomere 1 of the hindbrain.
A flexible I/O arbitration framework for netCDF‐based big data processing workflows on high‐end supercomputers
Authors: Liao Jianwei , Gerofi Balazs , Lien Guo‐Yuan , Miyoshi Takemasa , Nishizawa Seiya , Tomita Hirofumi , Liao Wei‐Keng , Choudhary Alok , Ishikawa Yutaka 
Published: May 2017

SummaryOn the verge of the convergence between high‐performance computing and Big Data processing, it has become increasingly prevalent to deploy large‐scale data analytics workloads on high‐end supercomputers. Such applications often come in the form of complex workflows with various different components, assimilating data from scientific simulations as well as from measurements streamed from sensor networks, such as radars and satellites. For example, as part of the Flagship 2020 (post‐K) supercomputer project of Japan, RIKEN is investigating the feasibility of a highly accurate weather forecasting system that would provide a real‐time outlook for severe guerrilla rainstorms. One of the main performance bottlenecks of this application is the lack of efficient communication among workflow components, which currently takes place over the parallel file system.In this paper, we present an initial study of a direct communication framework designed for complex workflows that eliminates unnecessary file I/O among components. Specifically, we propose an I/O arbitration layer that provides direct parallel data transfer (both synchronous and asynchronous) among job components that rely on the netCDF interface for performing I/O operations. Our solution requires only minimal modifications to application code. Moreover, we propose a configuration file–based approach that allows users to specify the desired data transfer pattern among workflow components, offering a general solution for different application contexts. We present a preliminary evaluation of the proposed framework on the K Computer (running on up to 4800 compute nodes) using RIKEN's experimental weather forecasting workflow as a case study.
CNN‐based malicious user detection in social networks
Authors: Hong Taekeun , Choi Chang , Shin Juhyun 
Published: May 2017

SummaryFollowing the advances in various smart devices, there are increasing numbers of users of social network services (SNS), which allows communication and information sharing in real time without limitations on distance or space. Although personal information leakage can occur through SNS, where an individual's personal details or online activities are leaked, and various financial crimes such as phishing and smishing are also possible, there are currently no countermeasures. Consequently, malicious activities are being conducted through messages toward the users who are in follow or friend relationships on SNS. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method of assessing follow suggestions from users with less likelihood of committing malicious activities through an information‐driven follow suggestion based on a categorical classification of interests using both the images and text of user posts. We ensure the objectiveness of interest categories by defining these based on DMOZ, which is established by the Open Directory Project. The images and text are learnt using a convolutional neural network, which is one of the machine learning techniques developed with a biological inspiration, and the interests are classified into categories. Users with a large number of posts are defined as certified users, and a database of certified users is established. Users with similar interests are classified, and the similarity distances between certified users and users are measured, and a follow suggestion is generated to the certified user with the most similar interest. Using the method proposed in this paper to classify the interest categories of certified users and users, precisions of 80% and 79.8% were obtained, respectively, and the overall precision was 79.93%, indicating a good classification performance overall. It is expected that the method proposed in this paper can be used to provide follow suggestions of users with less likelihood of malicious activities based on the information posted by the user.
Blocking cost‐driven multicast scheduling in fat‐tree data center networks
Authors: Li Guozhi , Guo Songtao , Yang Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2017

SummaryMulticast traffic scheduling in data center networks can not only improve network efficiency but also save network resources. However, the existing multicast scheduling algorithms cannot appropriately schedule flows to achieve traffic load balance so that the network may occur heavy blocking. This prevents the full utilization of high degree of link parallelism and causes unpredictable reduction of network performance. To address the problem, in this paper, we propose a blocking cost‐driven multicast scheduling algorithm by using optimization theory in fat‐tree data center networks. In particular, a model of multicast traffic subnetwork is established on the basis of the blocking probability of available paths at next time slot, which can reflect the blocking characteristics of multicast network and predict network state at next time slot. With the multicast blocking model, we derive the minimum blocking probability of multicast subnetworks, denoted as blocking cost. In addition, the algorithm can select the multicast subnetwork with minimum blocking cost to transfer multicast flows. Time complexity analysis and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed multicast scheduling algorithm for different network traffic intensities.
Energy‐efficient adaptive virtual machine migration mechanism for private Clouds
Authors: Sohrabi Sahar , Yang Yun , Moser Irene , Aleti Aldeida 
Published: May 2017

SummaryPrivate Cloud provides Cloud services with its relatively limited resources compared to public Clouds. Resources in private Clouds should be used energy efficiently. The resource utilization is determined by the assignment of virtual machines (VMs) to hosts. Because of the frequent changes in the resource requests on VMs, the system might become imbalanced, some hosts are overloaded/underloaded. Virtual machine migration is a solution to ease the imbalance problem. Virtual machine migration includes the selection of a VM for migration and decision upon where it should be taken to (mapped). In this work, VM selection and VM mapping are integrated and aimed to ease the imbalance problem for energy efficiency. Moreover, selection and mapping have become adaptive to ease imbalance, while optimizing energy consumption and adaptively responding to changes in the system. Our proposed adaptive mechanism applies Bayesian inference to estimate the likelihood of a VM migration decision, both VM selection for migration and VM mapping, optimizing energy consumption. The proposed mechanism is evaluated on CloudSim using PlanetLab workload on a heterogeneous Cloud. It is demonstrated to reduce energy consumption significantly, (on average) by 116%, while its total execution time is also, (on average) 5.39 times, shorter than the competing state‐of‐the‐art policies.
Analysis of Human Papillomavirus Genome Replication Using Two‐ and Three‐Dimensional Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Henno Liisi , Tombak Eva‐Maria , Geimanen Jelizaveta , Orav Marit , Ustav Ene , Ustav Mart 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis unit includes the necessary information to conduct neutral/neutral and neutral/alkaline two‐dimensional and neutral/neutral/alkaline three‐dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis. The methodology has been optimized over the years to gain a better outcome from the hard‐to‐interpret signals of human papilloma virus replication intermediates obtained from two‐ and three‐dimensional agarose gels. Examples of typical results and interpretation of replication intermediate patterns are included, and the outcomes of multiple‐dimension assays are assessed using previously published experimental data. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lyophilization of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J for Long‐Term Storage
Authors: Boileau Mélanie J. , Mani Rinosh , Clinkenbeard Kenneth D. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J is a Gram‐negative predatory bacterium with obligate host dependency on other Gram‐negative bacteria. This bacteriolytic predator collides with, enters, and establishes growth within the prey (host) periplasm, eventually lysing the prey cell wall to release fresh, motile B. bacteriovorus progeny. Laboratory maintenance of B. bacteriovorus has been previously described by other investigators. The protocols included in this unit deal with the technique required to lyophilize or freeze dry host‐dependent B. bacteriovorus. This is an alternative means to frozen glycerol stocks for the long‐term storage of B. bacteriovorus. It includes the cultivation process and methods to lyophilize B. bacteriovorus as well as recommended storage conditions. In addition, this unit provides insight on the formulation's shelf‐life including the time to active culture after reviving lyophilized stocks of B. bacteriovorus following short‐, medium‐, and long‐term storage. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Isolation, Expansion, Cryopreservation, and Characterization
Authors: Smith J. Robert , Cromer Adrienne , Weiss Mark L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRevised methods to derive, expand, and characterize mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from the umbilical cord are provided. Several considerations are taken for GMP compliance including using a closed system isolation method and eliminating several xenogenic components. With this method cells are isolated using mechanical and enzymatic digestion and then expanded with high viabilities that retain >90% viability after cryopreservation. Lastly, characterization methods have been optimized to identify these cells as MSCs according to the ISCT minimal criteria. This method standardizes the process for isolating, expanding, cryopreserving, and characterizing MSCs from the umbilical cord. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reactive Precipitation of Anhydrous Alkali Sulfide Nanocrystals with Concomitant Abatement of Hydrogen Sulfide and Cogeneration of Hydrogen
Authors: Li Xuemin , Zhao Yangzhi , Brennan Alice , McCeig Miranda , Wolden Colin A , Yang Yongan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAnhydrous alkali sulfide (M2S, M=Li or Na) nanocrystals (NCs) are important materials central to the development of next generation cathodes and solid‐state electrolytes for advanced batteries, but not commercially available at present. This work reports an innovative method to directly synthesize M2S NCs through alcohol‐mediated reactions between alkali metals and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In the first step, the alkali metal is complexed with alcohol in solution, forming metal alkoxide (ROM) and releasing hydrogen (H2). Next, H2S is bubbled through the ROM solution, where both chemicals are completely consumed to produce phase‐pure M2S NC precipitates and regenerate alcohol that can be recycled. The M2S NCs morphology may be tuned through the choice of the alcohol and solvent. Both synthetic steps are thermodynamically favorable (ΔGmo<−100 kJ mol−1), proceeding rapidly to completion at ambient temperature with almost 100 % atom efficiency. The net result, H2S+2 m→M2S+H2, makes good use of a hazardous chemical (H2S) and delivers two value‐added products that naturally phase separate for easy recovery. This scalable approach provides an energy‐efficient and environmentally benign solution to the production of nanostructured materials required in emerging battery technologies.
Accelerated precomputation points–based scalar reduction on elliptic curve cryptography for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Faye Youssou , Guyennet Hervé , Yanbo Shou , Niang Ibrahima 
Published: May 2017

SummarySensor devices are limited resource power and energy, thus providing security services for sensor networks is very difficult. Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is one of the most famous asymmetric cryptographic schemes, which offers the same level of security with much shorter keys compared to the other widely used asymmetric cryptographic algorithm, RSA (Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman). In ECC, the main and most‐heavily used operation is the scalar multiplication kP, where the scalar value k is a private integer and must be secured. In this work, we present a new approach to accelerate the main scalar multiplication on ECC over prime fields for sensor networks. This approach uses an equivalent representation of points and can act as a support for existing schemes in a selected interval. The simulation results showed that the proposed technique increases the efficiency of the computation time. For example, on this scalar multiplication, we obtain a gain of 4 bits in 161 bits for 6.25% of the scalars. This gain can sometimes reach 100% in some cases. After this significant reduction of the scalar k, we present a fast precomputation algorithm in a distributed scalar multiplication on kP to avoid storage of precomputation points, which requires extra memory.
Detection of cytological changes in oral mucosa among users of smokeless tobacco (shamma) in the KSA
Authors: Brima Eid I. 
Published: May 2017

Background and aimSmokeless tobacco (ST) use is a major cause of cytological changes in the oral mucosa. ST products, such as shamma, which is prevalent in southern Saudi Arabia, raise concerns about the adverse health effects among its users. We evaluated the cytological changes in the oral mucosa of users and nonusers of shamma in the city of Najran, using Papanicolaou staining.Materials and methodsWe designed questionnaires and consent forms for this study that were administered to a total of 397 participants, comprising 250 nonusers of shamma (controls) and 147 shamma users (cases). Buccal cell smears were collected from all participants, fixed, and Papanicolaou stained. Photomicrographs were taken of all stained smears, and samples were subsequently diagnosed.ResultsVarious cytological changes were detected among both cases and controls: atypia (2.0%, 1.2%, respectively), keratinisation (0.7%, 0%, respectively), inflammation (13.6%, 10.8%, respectively), and infection (4.1%, 3.6%, respectively).ConclusionThe results showed higher percentages of cytological changes among shamma users compared with nonusers; however, the differences were not statistically significant. Habitual use of other substances in the control group could be a confounding factor given this geographic region and the cytological changes we detected in both cases and controls. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:693–699. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postglacial dispersal patterns and mitochondrial genetic structure of the Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) in the northwestern region of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Querejeta Marina , Fernández‐González Angel , Romero Rafael , Castresana Jose 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe genetic structure of small semiaquatic animals may be influenced by dispersal across both rivers and land. The relative importance of these two modes of dispersal may vary across different species and with ecological conditions and evolutionary periods. The Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) is an endemic mammal of the Iberian Peninsula with a strong phylogeographic structure and semiaquatic habits, thus making it an ideal model to study the effects of river and overland dispersal on its genetic structure. Thanks to different types of noninvasive samples, we obtained an extensive sampling of the Pyrenean desman from the northwestern region of the Iberian Peninsula and sequenced two mitochondrial DNA fragments. We then analyzed, using an isolation‐by‐distance approach, the correlation between phylogenetic distances and geographical distances measured along both river networks and land to infer the relative importance of river and overland dispersal. We found that the correlations in the whole area and in a large basin were consistent with an effect of overland dispersal, which may be due to the postglacial colonization of new territories using terrestrial corridors and, possibly, a more extensive fluvial network that may have been present during the Holocene. However, in a small basin, likely to be less influenced by the impact of ancient postglacial dispersal, the correlations suggested significant overall effects of both overland and river dispersal, as expected for a semiaquatic mammal. Therefore, different scales and geographical regions reflect different aspects of the evolutionary history and ecology of this semiaquatic species using this isolation‐by‐distance method. The results we obtained may have crucial implications for the conservation of the Pyrenean desman because they reinforce the importance of interbasin dispersal for this species in the studied area and the need to protect the whole riverine ecosystem, including rivers, upland streams and terrestrial corridors between basins.