bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Keeping it on your radar”—assessing the barriers and facilitators to a timely diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in childhood: A qualitative study from the early detection of type 1 diabetes in youth study
Authors: Townson Julia , Gallagher Dunla , Cowley Laura , Channon Susan , Robling Michael , Williams David , Hughes Clare , Murphy Simon , Lowes Lesley , Gregory John W. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryAimsThe aim of this study was to explore from the perspectives of key stakeholders involved in the pathway to diagnosis, the barriers and facilitators to a timely diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in childhood.MethodsQualitative interviews and free‐text analyses were undertaken in 21 parents with a child diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, 60 parents without a child diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, 9 primary healthcare professionals, 9 teachers and 3 community diabetes liaison nurses. Data were analysed thematically and 30% double coded.ResultsTwo key themes were identified, namely the importance of widespread awareness and knowledge and seeking healthcare professional help. Parents with a child diagnosed with type 1 diabetes described seeking opinions from a number of individuals prior to seeking health professional help. Healthcare professionals recognized the rarity of the condition and the need for it to be kept on their “radar”, to ensure they considered it when examining an unwell child. The process of obtaining a primary healthcare appointment was identified as potentially playing a crucial role in the diagnostic process. However, most parents with a child diagnosed with type 1 diabetes described receiving an appointment on the day they sought it.ConclusionsKnowledge and awareness of type 1 diabetes in childhood remain limited in the general population and misconceptions persist relating to how children present with this serious condition. An effective community‐based intervention to raise awareness amongst key stakeholders is required to ensure children receive a timely diagnosis once symptomatic.
Proteomic diversity of high‐density lipoprotein explains its association with clinical outcome in patients with heart failure
Authors: Emmens Johanna Elisabeth , Jones Donald J.L. , Cao Thong H. , Chan Daniel C.S. , Romaine Simon P.R. , Quinn Paulene A. , Anker Stefan D. , Cleland John G. , Dickstein Kenneth , Filippatos Gerasimos , Hillege Hans L. , Lang Chim C. , Ponikowski Piotr , Samani Nilesh J. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Zannad Faiz , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Metra Marco , de Boer Rudolf A. , Voors Adriaan A. , Ng Leong L. 
Published: December 2017

AimsPreviously, low high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was found to be one of the strongest predictors of mortality and/or heart failure (HF) hospitalisation in patients with HF. We therefore performed in‐depth investigation of the multifunctional HDL proteome to reveal underlying pathophysiological mechanisms explaining the association between HDL and clinical outcome.Methods and resultsWe selected a cohort of 90 HF patients with 1:1 cardiovascular death/survivor ratio from BIOSTAT‐CHF. A novel optimised protocol for selective enrichment of lipoproteins was used to prepare plasma. Enriched lipoprotein content of samples was analysed using high resolution nanoscale liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐based proteomics, utilising a label free approach. Within the HDL proteome, 49 proteins significantly differed between deaths and survivors. An optimised model of 12 proteins predicted death with 76% accuracy (Nagelkerke R2=0.37, P < 0.001). The strongest contributors to this model were filamin‐A (related to crosslinking of actin filaments) [odds ratio (OR) 0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15–0.61, P = 0.001] and pulmonary surfactant‐associated protein B (related to alveolar capillary membrane function) (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.57–3.98, P < 0.001). The model predicted mortality with an area under the curve of 0.82 (95% CI 0.77–0.87, P < 0.001). Internal cross validation resulted in 73.3 ± 7.2% accuracy.ConclusionThis study shows marked differences in composition of the HDL proteome between HF survivors and deaths. The strongest differences were seen in proteins reflecting crosslinking of actin filaments and alveolar capillary membrane function, posing potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the association between HDL and clinical outcome in HF.
Oligomeric Composition of Palm Olein‐Based Polyols: The Effect of Nucleophiles
Authors: Tuan Ismail Tuan Noor Maznee , Ibrahim Nor Azowa , Mohd Noor Mohd Azmil , Hoong Seng Soi , Poo Palam Kosheela Devi , Yeong Shoot Kian , Idris Zainab , Sendijarevic Christi M. Schiffman Ibrahim , Abd Malek Emilia , Zainuddin Norhazlin , Sendijarevic Vahid 
Published: December 2017

Increasing environmental concerns have led to significant breakthroughs in developing vegetable oil‐based polyols, including palm olein‐based polyols (POoPs). The effect of nucleophiles (water, monol, linear, and branched diols) on oligomeric compositions and properties of polyols derived from epoxidized palm olein (EPOo) is investigated. Conversions of EPOo to POoPs are confirmed by FTIR analysis, oxirane oxygen content, and hydroxyl number measurements. GPC calibrated against polyether polyols is used to determine the formation of oligomers of the polyols. Functionalities of POoPs prepared with linear diols are higher than the branched diol determined using GPC and VPO. Lower degree of oligomerization is observed in polyols prepared with water and methanol compared to polyols made with diols. POoPs prepared using water, methanol and 1,2‐propanediol (PG) produces 100% secondary hydroxyls polyols, while reaction with linear diols, polyols with mixture of primary and secondary hydroxyls in the range of 26–36% and 64–74%, respectively are produced. Viscosity and glass transition temperature of POoP PDO, prepared from 1,3‐propanediol (PDO) are higher than POoP PG, prepared from PG, 7789 mPa.s and −15.2 °C compared to 3649 mPa.s and −20.8 °C, respectively.Practical Application: The POoPs described in this study, that is, polyols from epoxidized palm olein ring‐opened with water, methanol, 1,2‐ethanediol (EG), 1,2‐propanediol (PG), 1,3‐propanediol (PDO), 1,4‐butanediol (BDO), 1,5‐pentanediol (PTDO), and 1,6‐hexanediol (HDO), provide selection of a wider range of vegetable oil‐based polyols for development of partially biobased polyurethane products such as binders, elastomers, and flexible foams.GPC chromatograms of oligomeric compositions of palm olein‐based polyols.
Insights into the uptake, metabolization, and translocation of four non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in cress (Lepidium sativum) by HPLC‐MS2
Authors: Emhofer Lisa , Himmelsbach Markus , Buchberger Wolfgang , Klampfl Christian W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe metabolization of four non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs by cress (Lepidium sativum) was investigated using a HPLC‐MS2 method. Cress was grown hydroponically in water containing 0.1 mg/L of each drug for investigations on the kinetics of drug uptake and metabolization over a growing period of 12 days. It could be shown that the parent drugs are metabolized and the abundance of both the parent drug and the metabolites formed, varies over time. Furthermore the distribution of the investigated substances within the different plant parts changed throughout the duration of the experiment due to translocation. Finally cress was cultivated in a solution containing the four drugs in concentrations as low as 0.001 mg/L to resemble the situation in real reclaimed wastewaters. Employing a QuEChERS approach for sample extraction and HPLC‐MS2 in the multiple reaction monitoring mode allowed detecting nine metabolites in this cress sample.
Compressed Air Energy Storage Models for Energy Arbitrage and Ancillary Services: Comparison Using Mixed Integer Programming Optimization with Market Data from the Irish Power System
Authors: Nikolakakis Thomas , Fthenakis Vasilis 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA mixed integer linear programming (MIP) model is developed to simulate the dynamic performance of compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems in electricity grids composed of thermoelectric and wind energy generators. The model is termed thermo‐economic (TE) as it uses power curves from CAES manufacturers to simulate the effect of cavern pressure on the operation limits of the compressor and the expander of CAES plants. Here, the TE model and the fixed efficiency (FE) model are tested in a study of the economic potential of CAES for arbitrage and ancillary services in the Irish power system. The two models are compared by simulating the technical and economic performance of CAES under deregulated market conditions. Data from the Irish power system are used and both models are applied to various system specifications and market scenarios, while optimizing the operation of CAES for provision of energy arbitrage and ancillary services. The results show that the TE model returns 15 % to 30 % less profits than the FE one, thus demonstrating that FE models overestimate CAES profitability. This study shows that arbitrage using CAES may not be profitable with current prices in Ireland. However, CAES operation would become profitable if financial mechanisms that capture the important system‐wide benefits of CAES are put in place.
Redox Behavior of a Copper‐Based Methanol Reformer for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Papavasiliou Joan , Słowik Grzegorz , Avgouropoulos George 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRemarkable cycling performance and operation during steam reforming of methanol at 210 °C can be obtained with a CuZnAlOx catalyst supported on the gas diffusion layer of a carbon paper incorporated into the fuel cell anode compartment. Exceptional stability is obtained for at least 100 h under reaction conditions, whereas 10–15 % deactivation is obtained afterwards, in accordance with typical behavior for copper‐based catalysts. Despite that most catalysts of this type suffer from pyrophoricity and sintering phenomena after exposure in air, this is not the case in the present work, where the proposed methanol reformer shows high tolerance under repeated on/off cycles. In accordance with in situ characterization under similar conditions, controlled passivation during shut‐down protects the active metallic copper and prevents undesirable sintering.
Frequency‐dependent principal component analysis of multicomponent earthquake ground motions
Authors: Das Sandip , Hazra Budhaditya 
Published: December 2017

SummaryStochastic ground motion simulation techniques are becoming increasingly popular because of enhanced computation power enabling direct simulation of complex response quantities. Priestley process assumption is the most general approach for stochastic modeling of earthquake ground motion. However, a framework for multicomponent ground motion simulation using the general Priestley process assumption is not available. Multicomponent motions are useful especially when the correlation structure between them significantly influences the response. The present study proposes a framework for frequency‐dependent principal component analysis (PCA), which facilitates Priestley process–based simulation of multicomponent ground motions. The study focuses only on the frequency‐dependent PCA part, and the results show high dependency of the principal components/directions on the frequency bands of the signals. The present work also advocates that the frequency‐dependent PCA should be preferred to the conventional PCA as the former can address the issues related to the frequency‐independent uniform modulation associated with the latter.
Glacial curvilineations found along the southern sector of the Laurentide Ice sheet and a hypothesis of formation involving subglacial slope failure in tunnel valleys and subglacial lakes
Authors: Clark Chris D. , Livingstone Stephen J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFirst discovered in Poland, glacial curvilineations (GCLs) are enigmatic landforms comprising parallel sets of sinuous ridges and troughs of metres amplitude and around 150 m wavelength, found within kilometres‐wide valleys interpreted as being produced by meltwater flowing subglacially. Their morphological and sedimentary characteristics and association with tunnel valleys has been described for some prominent Polish examples. From these observations the existing hypothesis is that they form as a consequence of erosion by longitudinal vortices that develop in subglacial floods. Here we report, for the first time, GCLs found along the southern sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in three northern states of the USA. Using mapping and topographic analysis from high resolution digital elevation models we report observations on their morphological properties and landform associations. We find aspects of their context and morphology difficult to explain using the existing hypothesis. We instead suggest that these glacial curvilineations are produced by subglacial bank and slope failures that locally widen tunnel valleys, or that occur near subglacial lake shorelines. Further investigation is required to test this hypothesis and to ascertain the mechanisms of proposed mass movements, which may have occurred by rotational or translational slope failure or by creep deformation. Our preferred mechanism is that such movements occurred where subglacial water was emplaced over previously perma‐frozen ground. Under such circumstances, sediment blocks thawed by the water may then easily glide over a frozen décollement at low slope angles; analogous to subaerial active‐layer glides in permafrost environments. Permafrost spring sapping may have provided lines of weakness for slope failure. If the requirement for permafrost is found to hold, then GCLs may become an important indicator of the palaeo‐distribution of permafrost. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction to the themed issue: Wildfire and Geomorphic Systems
Authors: Wohl Ellen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWildfires alter fluxes of water, sediment, solutes, and organic matter in ways that can be transient or persistent. Alterations in material flux then impact geomorphic processes and landforms in a manner that can also be transient or persistent and that can involve complex response. This themed issue includes papers that document distinctive geomorphic responses in the upland and channel components of forested landscapes in southern Europe, northern Australia, and the western United States. Among the themes that emerge from the collected papers are: (i) the importance of ongoing technological developments, including real‐time instrumentation, ground‐based and aerial remote sensing, isotopic ratios, and numerical models of landscape processes, for documenting and predicting fire‐related geomorphic processes; and (ii) the great uncertainties about future landscape change in a global environment of rapidly changing climate and growing human populations that encroach onto remaining wildlands in fire‐susceptible regions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The mixed gamble of internationalization in family and nonfamily firms: The moderating role of organizational slack
Authors: Alessandri Todd M. , Cerrato Daniele , Eddleston Kimberly A. 
Published: December 2017

Research Summary: The unique preferences of family firms may lead to internationalization strategies that differ from those of nonfamily firms. Furthermore, heterogeneity among family firms may lead to variation in internationalization. From the mixed gamble perspective, we examine the internationalization of different types of family firms (weak family owned, strong family owned, and family owned and managed), as well as nonfamily firms, considering how differences in family involvement alter the perceptions of potential gains and losses to socioemotional and financial wealth. We also highlight the varying sensitivities of nonfamily firms and types of family firms to the effects of available and recoverable slack. Our findings underscore differences in internationalization strategies among family and nonfamily firms and demonstrate that slack alters the mixed gamble calculus of internationalization for the different types of firms.Managerial Summary: Whether family firms internationalize more or less than nonfamily firms is debated. We aim to reconcile this debate by investigating the extent and breadth of internationalization and home region orientation. We propose that inconsistent results regarding family firms’ internationalization are due to their heterogeneity whereby family ownership and management lead to different preferences. Study results support our framework by demonstrating that while nonfamily firms exhibit the highest levels of internationalization, there is much variance among family firms. Additionally, we demonstrate that financial slack further explains differences between family and nonfamily firms. Our study therefore offers a richer understanding of family and nonfamily firms’ internationalization and reveals significant differences among family firms that suggest family owners and managers view the risks of internationalization differently.
Physical neglect during childhood alters white matter connectivity in healthy young males
Authors: Tendolkar Indira , Mårtensson Johan , Kühn Simone , Klumpers Floris , Fernández Guillén 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundChildhood adversity (CA) leads to greater vulnerability for psychopathology by causing structural as well as functional brain abnormalities. Recent findings on gray matter effects point towards the importance of identifying CA outcome as a function of different CA types, varying in the dimensions of threat and deprivation. Using diffusion tensor imaging, we investigate whether different forms of CA impact differently on white matter connectivity in a healthy cohort not confounded by other aspects of disease.MethodsIn 120 healthy young males, we assessed different forms of maltreatment during childhood with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) images were generated and projected onto a white matter skeleton using tract‐based spatial statistics. Correlational analysis between FA, MD, and CTQ subscores was then performed using voxelwise statistics.ResultsOf all CTQ‐subscores, only physical neglect (PN) predicted a decrease of FA but not MD in the bilateral anterior thalamic radiation around the middle frontal gyrus and the right inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, the cingulum and precuneus. Reduced FA in the posterior cingulum was related to the effects of PN during childhood on anxiety levels at trend level.ConclusionsPN may have severe consequences and should be considered equally important to more active forms of abuse. FA changes, particularly in the cingulum, actually appear to a functional consequence and are linked to trait anxiety, a personality dimension that is suggested to be a transdiagnostic risk factor of affective disorders. Potentially this reveals a mechanistic chain that forms one pathyway from CA to disease.
Through your eyes or mine? The neural correlates of mental state recognition in Huntington's disease
Authors: Eddy Clare M. , Rickards Hugh E. , Hansen Peter C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) can impair social cognition. This study investigated whether patients with HD exhibit neural differences to healthy controls when they are considering mental and physical states relating to the static expressions of human eyes. Thirty‐two patients with HD and 28 age‐matched controls were scanned with fMRI during two versions of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task: The standard version requiring mental state judgments, and a comparison version requiring judgments about age. HD was associated with behavioral deficits on only the mental state eyes task. Contrasting the two versions of the eyes task (mental state > age judgment) revealed hypoactivation within left middle frontal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus in HD. Subgroup analyses comparing premanifest HD patients to age‐matched controls revealed reduced activity in right supramarginal gyrus and increased activity in anterior cingulate during mental state recognition in these patients, while manifest HD was associated with hypoactivity in left insula and left supramarginal gyrus. When controlling for the effects of healthy aging, manifest patients exhibited declining activation within areas including right temporal pole. Our findings provide compelling evidence for a selective impairment of internal emotional status when patients with HD appraise facial features in order to make social judgements. Differential activity in temporal and anterior cingulate cortices may suggest that poor emotion regulation and emotional egocentricity underlie impaired mental state recognition in premanifest patients, while more extensive mental state recognition impairments in manifest disease reflect dysfunction in neural substrates underlying executive functions, and the experience and interpretation of emotion.
Functional connectivity based parcellation of early visual cortices
Authors: Park Bo‐yong , Tark Kyeong‐Jin , Shim Won Mok , Park Hyunjin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHuman brain can be divided into multiple brain regions based on anatomical and functional properties. Recent studies showed that resting‐state connectivity can be utilized for parcellating brain regions and identifying their distinctive roles. In this study, we aimed to parcellate the primary and secondary visual cortices (V1 and V2) into several subregions based on functional connectivity and to examine the functional characteristics of each subregion. We used resting‐state data from a research database and also acquired resting‐state data with retinotopy results from a local site. The long‐range connectivity profile and three different algorithms (i.e., K‐means, Gaussian mixture model distribution, and Ward's clustering algorithms) were adopted for the parcellation. We compared the parcellation results within V1 and V2 with the eccentric map in retinotopy. We found that the boundaries between subregions within V1 and V2 were located in the parafovea, indicating that the anterior and posterior subregions within V1 and V2 corresponded to peripheral and central visual field representations, respectively. Next, we computed correlations between each subregion within V1 and V2 and intermediate and high‐order regions in ventral and dorsal visual pathways. We found that the anterior subregions of V1 and V2 were strongly associated with regions in the dorsal stream (V3A and inferior parietal gyrus), whereas the posterior subregions of V1 and V2 were highly related to regions in the ventral stream (V4v and inferior temporal gyrus). Our findings suggest that the anterior and posterior subregions of V1 and V2, parcellated based on functional connectivity, may have distinct functional properties.