bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy Outcomes Among Deaf Women in Washington State, 1987–2012
Authors: Schiff Melissa A. , Doody David R. , Crane Deborah A. , Mueller Beth A. 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate pregnancy and neonatal outcomes among deaf women using population-based vital records data in Washington State from 1987 to 2012.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Washington State birth and fetal death records linked to state hospital discharge records to identify women with diagnosis codes for deafness indicated at their delivery hospitalization and compared them with randomly selected women without these codes. Pregnancy conditions and outcomes evaluated included gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, placental abruption, labor induction, and cesarean delivery. Neonatal outcomes evaluated included preterm gestational age (less than 28, 28 to less than 37 weeks) at delivery and low birth weight. We also assessed length of maternal and neonatal delivery hospitalization. We performed Poisson regression to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs for each outcome, adjusting for birth year, maternal age, and parity.

RESULTS:
Most adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were similar for deaf and comparison women. Among women who underwent vaginal delivery, deaf women were more than twofold (RR 2.15, 95% CI 1.43–3.22) more likely to have a delivery hospitalization of 4 or more days (6.0% compared with 2.8%). We found a modestly increased risk of cesarean delivery (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01–1.30), with 29.9% of deaf compared with 25.6% of nondeaf women having a cesarean delivery.

CONCLUSION:
Deaf women are not at increased risk of the majority of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Obstetric care providers may use our findings in counseling this special population of prenatal patients.
Discontinuing Oxytocin Infusion in the Active Phase of Labor
Authors: Saccone Gabriele , Ciardulli Andrea , Baxter Jason K. , Quiñones Joanne N. , Diven Liany C. , Pinar Bor , Maruotti Giuseppe Maria , Martinelli Pasquale , Berghella Vincenzo 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the benefits and harms of discontinuation of oxytocin after the active phase of labor is reached.

DATA SOURCES:
Electronic databases (ie, MEDLINE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library at the CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials, Scielo) were searched from their inception until April 2017.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
We included all randomized controlled trials comparing discontinuation (ie, intervention group) and continuation (ie, control group) of oxytocin infusion after the active phase of labor is reached, either after induction or augmentation of labor. Discontinuation of oxytocin infusion was defined as discontinuing oxytocin infusion when the active phase of labor was achieved. Continuation of oxytocin infusion was defined as continuing oxytocin infusion until delivery. Only trials in singleton gestations with vertex presentation at term were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of cesarean delivery.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
Nine randomized controlled trials, including 1,538 singleton gestations, were identified as relevant and included in the meta-analysis. All nine trials included only women undergoing induction of labor. In the discontinuation group, if arrest of labor occurred, usually defined as no cervical dilation in 2 hours or inadequate uterine contractions for 2 hours or more, oxytocin infusion was restarted. Women in the control group had oxytocin continued until delivery usually at the same dose used at the time the active phase was reached. Women who were randomized to have discontinuation of oxytocin infusion after the active phase of labor was reached had a significantly lower risk of cesarean delivery (9.3% compared with 14.7%; relative risk 0.64, 95% CI 0.48–0.87) and of uterine tachysystole (6.2% compared with 13.1%; relative risk 0.53, 95% CI 0.33–0.84) compared with those who were randomized to have continuation of oxytocin infusion until delivery. Discontinuation of oxytocin infusion was associated with an increase in the duration of the active phase of labor (mean difference 27.65 minutes, 95% CI 3.94–51.36).

CONCLUSION:
In singleton gestations with cephalic presentation at term undergoing induction, discontinuation of oxytocin infusion after the active phase of labor at approximately 5 cm is reached reduces the risk of cesarean delivery and of uterine tachysystole compared with continuous oxytocin infusion. Given this evidence, discontinuation of oxytocin infusion once the active stage of labor is established in women being induced should be considered as an alternative management plan.
Comparison of Intended Lengthening of Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods: Ultrasound Versus X-Ray
Authors: Cobanoglu Mutlu , Shah Suken A. , Gabos Peter , Rogers Kenneth , Yorgova Petya , Neiss Geraldine , Grissom Leslie , Mackenzie William G. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
In the treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS), there has been a trend to use magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) in order to reduce the number of surgeries. To confirm the amount of lengthening, spine radiographs were required. Recently, ultrasound (US) has been added to monitor lengthening of MCGR to avoid radiation exposure. Our aim was to determine whether US is as accurate as plain radiography (x-ray) in determining the amount of length achieved at individual MCGR lengthening episodes.

Methods:
Retrospective study; inclusion criteria: EOS cases with dual MCGR with minimum 12 months follow-up. Intended lengthening IL (mm), lengthening on US (mm) and x-ray (mm) were documented from medical records for both right and left rods. Primary (no surgery before MCGR) and conversion (other types of instrumentation were replaced with MCGR) cases were reviewed separately. P-values determined with analysis of variance.

Results:
Sixteen cases with 100 lengthening episodes met the inclusion criteria. Eleven were primary MCGR cases with 67 episodes. Mean follow-up was 19±5 months. Significant differences were found between IL (3.4±1 mm), US (2.7±1.9 mm), and x-ray (4.1±2.2 mm) (P<0.001). The difference between IL and x-ray was minimal, but statistically significant (P=0.046). US showed statistically lower values than both IL (P=0.001) and x-ray (P<0.001). The mean ratio of x-ray/IL, US/IL, and US/x-ray were 1.1, 0.75, and 0.84, respectively. Five conversion cases had 33 episodes. Mean follow-up was 21±2 months. Significant differences were found between IL (3.4±0.8 mm), US (1.3±0.8 mm), and x-ray (1.7±0.9 mm) (P<0.001) but there was no significant difference between US and x-ray (P=0.283). IL was significantly higher than both US (P< 0.001) and x-ray (P<0.001). The mean ratio of x-ray/IL, US/IL, and US/x-ray were 0.64, 0.41, and 1.1, respectively.

Conclusions:
US can provide confirmatory information of noninvasive lengthening of MCGR. However, US tended to underestimate the achieved length as measured by x-ray in primary cases. Conversion cases demonstrate better concordance between US and x-ray but in these cases less overall length was achieved at each lengthening episode.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
ONO-1301 Enhances in vitro Osteoblast Differentiation and in vivo Bone Formation Induced by Bone Morphogenetic Protein
Authors: Kanayama Sadaaki , Kaito Takashi , Kitaguchi Kazuma , Ishiguro Hiroyuki , Hashimoto Kunihiko , Chijimatsu Ryota , Otsuru Satoru , Takenaka Shota , Makino Takahiro , Sakai Yusuke , Myoui Akira , Yoshikawa Hideki 
Published: October 2017

Study Design.

In vitro and in vivo assessment of osteogenic effect by prostacyclin agonist (ONO-1301).

Objective.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ONO-1301 on in vitro osteoblastic differentiation and in vivo bone formation induced by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP).

Summary of Background Data.
Among prostaglandins (PGs), PGE2 is the most abundant in bone tissue and its effects on bone formation have been well studied. PGI2 (prostacyclin) is the second most abundant PG in bone tissue and plays important roles in hemodynamics. However, the effects of PGI2 on osteoblast differentiation and bone regeneration have not been elucidated.

Methods.
The effects of PGI2 agonist (ONO-1301), with and without recombinant human (rh) BMP-2, on osteoblastic differentiation and cell proliferation were investigated in vitro using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and WST-1 assays. Murine primary osteoblasts and cell lines (ST2, MC3T3-E1, C2C12, and CH310T1/2) were used for the study. The effects of ONO-1301 on rhBMP-2 induced bone formation were investigated in a mouse model of muscle pouch transplantation (ectopic model) and in a rat model of spinal fusion (orthotopic model).

Results.
ONO-1301 significantly increased ALP activity in the primary osteoblasts and ST2 cells. In addition, cotreatment with ONO-1301 and rhBMP-2 significantly increased ALP activity in the primary osteoblasts, as well as in ST2 and MC3T3-E1 cells. Cell proliferation was not affected by both ONO-1301 and ONO-1301 as well as rhBMP-2. In the ectopic model, ONO-1301 significantly increased the volume of ectopic bone whose formation was induced by BMP. In addition, in the orthotopic model, ONO-1301 significantly increased bone volume and fusion rate.

Conclusion.
This study has demonstrated that the PG IP agonist ONO-1301 improves in vitro BMP-2 induced osteoblast differentiation and in vivo ectopic and orthotopic bone formation. The results suggest that ONO-1301 has a potential clinical application as an enhancer of BMP-induced bone formation.

Level of Evidence: N/A
Development and Validation of Taiwanese Version of the Neck Disability Index
Authors: Lue Yi-Jing , Chen Chung-Hwan , Chou Shih-Hsiang , Lin Chih-Lung , Cheng Kuang-I , Lu Yen-Mou 
Published: October 2017

Study Design.
Cross-cultural adaptation and cross-sectional psychometric testing in a convenience sample of patients with neck pain.

Objective.
To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Neck Disability Index (NDI) into a Taiwanese version and to assess the psychometric properties.

Summary of Background Data.
The Taiwanese NDI has not been developed or validated.

Methods.
The NDI was first translated and culturally adapted to the Taiwanese version. The test–retest reliability within 1 week was examined (n = 32). The factor structure was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis (n = 137). The construct validity was assessed by examining the relationship between the NDI and other well-known measures (n = 137).

Results.
The Taiwanese version was successfully translated and cross-culturally adapted. The internal consistency was excellent, with Cronbach α = 0.89. High test–retest reliability was demonstrated with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.87. The minimal detectable change was 8.74. The two-factor model (pain and function factors) was better than the one-factor model, with higher factor loadings and better goodness-of-fit statistics. The convergent validity was supported by moderate correlation of the pain factor with the Visual Analogue Scale (|rho| = 0.45), and high correlation of the function factor with the physical component summary of the Short-From 36 (SF-36) (|rho| = 0.60).

Conclusion.
The Taiwanese NDI is a reliable and valid disease-specific measure for assessment of pain and functional status in patients with neck pain.

Level of Evidence: 3
Burnout and Psychological Distress Among Pediatric Critical Care Physicians in the United States*
Authors: Shenoi Asha N. , Kalyanaraman Meena , Pillai Aravind , Raghava Preethi S. , Day Scottie 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
To estimate the prevalence of physician burnout, psychological distress, and its association with selected personal and practice characteristics among pediatric critical care physicians and to evaluate the relationship between burnout and psychological distress.

Design:
Cross-sectional, online survey.

Setting:
Pediatric critical care practices in the United States.

Subjects:
Pediatric critical care physicians.

Interventions:
None.

Measurement and Main Results:
A nonrandom sample of 253 physicians completed an online survey consisting of personal and practice characteristics, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the General Health Questionnaire. Nearly half of the participants (49%; 95% CI, 43–55%; n = 124) scored high burnout in at least one of the three subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and 21% reported severe burnout. The risk of any burnout was about two times more in women physicians (odds ratio, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.2–3.4). Association between other personal or practice characteristics and burnout was not evident in this study, while regular physical exercise appeared to be protective. One third of all participants (30.5%) and 69% of those who experienced severe burnout screened positive for psychological distress. About 90% of the physicians reporting severe burnout have considered leaving their practice.

Conclusions:
Burnout is high among pediatric critical care physicians in the United States. About two thirds of the physicians with severe burnout met the screening criteria for psychological distress that suggests possible common mental disorders. Significant percentages of physicians experiencing burnout and considering to leave the profession has major implications for the critical care workforce.
From Classical to Unusual: Report on 5 Cases of Transient Reactive Aquagenic Pseudokeratoderma and Review of the Literature
Authors: Peña-Romero Adriana Guadalupe , Toussaint-Caire Sonia , Charli-Joseph Yann , Dela Barreda-Becerril Fernando , Domínguez-Cherit Judith 
Published: October 2017

Abstract:
Transient reactive aquagenic pseudokeratoderma is characterized by transient whitish and translucent papules after water exposure in palms and soles. We report 5 additional cases and their histopathologic features. Patient 5 showed a topography that had not been reported before; this demonstrates that it is not an exclusive condition of palms and soles. Patient 2 presents very subtle clinical findings, making difficult the diagnosis. And the other 3 patients have a typical presentation. Transient reactive aquagenic pseudokeratoderma has heterogeneous clinical features; in some cases, histopathologic findings, although subtle, help to confirm the diagnosis.
Long-Term Follow-Up Results of Topical Imiquimod Treatment in Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bostanci Seher , Kocyigit Pelin , Vural Seçil , Heper Aylin Okcu , Botsali Ayşenur 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND
Imiquimod 5% topical cream is approved for treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Data on the long-term efficacy and usage in other BCC subtypes are scarce.

OBJECTIVE
Evaluation of long-term safety and efficacy of topical imiquimod treatment in various BCC subtypes and locations, with individualized treatment duration.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Histopathologically confirmed BCCs treated solely with topical imiquimod were identified retrospectively and included in this study. Clinical and histopathologic tumor clearances were the primary end point. After treatment was concluded, patients were examined every 3 to 6 months.

RESULTS
In total, 24 BCC samples from 22 patients (F:M = 9:13; mean age: 73.5 years, SD: 10.767) were evaluated. The majority of the lesions were located in the head and neck area (83%). Mean treatment duration until complete clearance was 15.7 ± 6.9 weeks (6–28 weeks). Imiquimod was discontinued in 3 lesions, due to either clinically or histopathologically insufficient response. During follow-up, 2 lesions recurred, at 42 and 50 months after treatment. During a mean follow-up time of 72.7 (SD = 9) months, 79.1% of the lesions were cured without local recurrence.

CONCLUSION
Although imiquimod is only approved for superficial BCC, treatment success was high among the study patients with various histological subtypes, with good long-term cosmetic results.
Investigation of the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Vibration Anesthesia to Reduce Pain From Cosmetic Botulinum Toxin A Injections in Chinese Patients: A Multicenter, Randomized, Self-Controlled Study
Authors: Li Yiming , Dong Weiwei , Wang Min , Xu Ning 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND
Vibration has been proved to be effective to reduce pain during facial cosmetic injections, but it has not been studied in Chinese patients.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy and safety of vibration for pain reduction associated with cosmetic botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections in Chinese patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this prospective, randomized, split-face and right-left, self-controlled study, 53 patients received BTX-A injections for rhytid reduction, lower face, shoulder, and leg reshaping. Injections were given in a split-face and right-left design randomly assigned. A vibration stimulus was coadministered with BTX-A injections on one side, whereas the other side received BTX-A injections only. Patients completed a questionnaire immediately after treatment and were followed up 2 weeks later. A visual analog scale of pain sensation was statistically analyzed.

RESULTS
The patients experienced both clinically and statistically significant pain reduction when a vibration was coadministered with injections. Patients reported less pain on the treated side compared with the control side. Overall, 75% of patients preferred to receive vibration with their next treatment. No adverse events were reported.

CONCLUSION
Vibration is an effective and safe way to reduce pain during cosmetic BTX-A injections and may have applications in other cosmetic procedures.
Outcomes Comparison for Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction in Specialty Surgery Hospitals Versus Tertiary Care Facilities
Authors: Vemula Rahul , Bartow Matthew J. , Freeman Matt , Callaghan Cameron , Matatov Tim , Jansen David , Allen Bob , Hilaire Hugo St. , Tessler Oren 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Postoperative monitoring is crucial in the care of free flap breast reconstruction patients. Tertiary care facilities (TCFs) provide postoperative monitoring in an ICU after surgery. Specialty surgery hospitals (SSHs) do not have ICUs, but these facilities perform free flap breast reconstruction as well. Are outcomes comparable between the 2 facilities in terms of flap reexploration times and overall success?

Methods:
Retrospective study including 163 SSH and 157 TCF patients. Primary predictor was facility in which the procedure was performed. Secondary predictors included operative, demographic, and comorbidity data. Primary outcomes were flap take back rate and flap failures. Secondary outcomes were total time from adverse event noticed in the flap to returning to the operating room (OR) and total time from decision made to return to the OR to returning to the OR (decision made). Tertiary outcomes were length of stay, operative times, and blood loss.

Results:
Patients at the TCF were generally less healthy than SSH patients. Salvage rates and failure rates were similar between the 2 institutions. Adverse event noticed and decision made times did not differ between the 2 facilities. Overall flap success rate was 98.22% at SSH and 98.81% at TCF. No primary or secondary predictors had a significant correlation with increased odds for flap failure.

Conclusion:
SSHs can offer similar outcomes in free flap breast reconstruction with just as effective clinical response times to endangered flaps as found in a TCF. However, surgery at an SSH may best be reserved for healthier patients.
Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Neuroprogression in Chronic PTSD
Authors: Miller Mark W. , Lin Alex P. , Wolf Erika J. , Miller Danielle R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder is a serious and often disabling syndrome that develops in response to a traumatic event. Many individuals who initially develop the disorder go on to experience a chronic form of the condition that in some cases can last for many years. Among these patients, psychiatric and medical comorbidities are common, including early onset of age-related conditions such as chronic pain, cardiometabolic disease, neurocognitive disorders, and dementia. The hallmark symptoms of posttraumatic stress—recurrent sensory-memory reexperiencing of the trauma(s)—are associated with concomitant activations of threat- and stress-related neurobiological pathways that occur against a tonic backdrop of sleep disturbance and heightened physiological arousal. Emerging evidence suggests that the molecular consequences of this stress-perpetuating syndrome include elevated systemic levels of oxidative stress and inflammation. In this article we review evidence for the involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic PTSD and the neurobiological consequences of these processes, including accelerated cellular aging and neuroprogression. Our aim is to update and expand upon previous reviews of this rapidly developing literature and to discuss magnetic resonance spectroscopy as an imaging technology uniquely suited to measuring oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in vivo. Finally, we highlight future directions for research and avenues for the development of novel therapeutics targeting oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with PTSD.
NEW ULTRA–WIDE-FIELD ANGIOGRAPHIC GRADING SCHEME FOR RADIATION RETINOPATHY AFTER IODINE-125 BRACHYTHERAPY FOR UVEAL MELANOMA
Authors: McCannel Tara A. , Kim EunAh , Kamrava Mitchell , Lamb James , Caprioli Joseph , Yang Dong , McCannel Colin A. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
Radiation retinopathy remains incompletely characterized and may cause severe vision loss. Ultra–wide-field fluorescein angiography provides a pan-fundus view of vascular alterations caused by radiation treatment and may predict visual and ocular outcomes. We have developed a grading scheme to describe pan-fundus severity and to predict the progression of radiation retinopathy in patients treated for uveal melanoma with iodine-125 brachytherapy.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients treated with standard iodine-125 brachytherapy for uveal melanoma at the Ophthalmic Oncology Center at the University of California, Los Angeles, who had undergone both baseline and postbrachytherapy ultra–wide-field fluorescein angiography. A grading scheme was devised based on observations of vascular leakage, retinal perfusion status, and retinal proliferation. The correlation of grade severity with patient characteristics, tumor features, visual acuity, optical coherence tomography findings, and neovascular glaucoma was measured with chi-square and one-way analysis of variance analyses.

Results:
Sixty-seven patients were identified for review. Consistent wide-field angiographic patterns after brachytherapy were observed and graded as follows: Grade 0: normal; Grade 1: late foveal leakage; Grade 2: late peripheral leakage; Grade 3: presence of nonperfusion; and Grade 4: retinal neovascularization. Six eyes (8.9%) were Grade 0; 16 (23.8%) were Grade 1; 25 (37.3%) were Grade 2; 16 (23.4%) were Grade 3; and 4 (6.0%) were Grade 4. Higher grade radiation severity correlated significantly with duration of follow-up (P < 0.02); younger age (P = 0.035); worse visual acuity (P = 0.001); cystoid macular edema or atrophy on optical coherence tomography (P < 0.0001); and neovascular glaucoma (P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
Wide-field fluorescein angiography revealed distinct fundus-wide patterns of vascular damage, which were progressive in nature in eyes treated with iodine-125 brachytherapy for uveal melanoma and correlated with signs of progressive vascular injury. This grading scheme may have prognostic value to predict the progression of radiation retinopathy and to prognosticate visual outcomes in patients undergoing brachytherapy.