bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) and intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP) in mechanically ventilated patients: A prospective observational study
Authors: Al‐Jabri Mohammed M. , Ahmed Ghada H. , Ali Mostafa M. A. , Abdelwahab Omar , Mohamed Sherif , Mahran Ghada S. K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPositive end‐expiratory pressure is a crucial mechanical breathing parameter. Intra‐abdominal hypertension is well defined as a sustained increase in the intra‐abdominal pressure ≥12 mmHg. There are still controversies about mechanical ventilation's effect and use of positive end‐expiratory pressure on intra‐abdominal pressure.AimsWe aimed to delineate the relationship between positive end‐expiratory pressure and intra‐abdominal pressure in mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the intensive care units of a large tertiary hospital in Upper Egypt.Study designThis study was a prospective observational study. The study was conducted at a university hospital from October 2023 to February 2024. The enrolled adult patients were allocated into two groups based on their positive end‐expiratory pressure: group I, low pressure (<8 cm H2O) and group II, high pressure (8–10 cm H2O).ResultsA total of 120 patients were enrolled, 60 patients in each group. The most commonly encountered diagnoses were pneumonia (32/120, 26.7%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (31/120, 25.8%), respectively. There was a significant difference between the intra‐abdominal pressure mean values of the two patient groups, 18.9 ± 3.3 versus 24.4 ± 5.9 mmHg in the group of low versus high pressure (correlation value of .454, p < .001), respectively. There were highly significant correlations between intra‐abdominal pressure categories and the patient groups (correlation value of .495, p < .001). There were 24 (40%) versus 0 (0%) patients of high pressure versus low pressure within the category IV group of intra‐abdominal hypertension (>25 mmHg).ConclusionsWe observed a significant relationship between positive end‐expiratory pressure and intra‐abdominal pressure in mechanically ventilated patients. The patient group with high pressure had higher mean values compared with the group with low pressure. The study highlights the importance of closely monitoring intra‐abdominal pressure in mechanically ventilated patients who receive positive end‐expiratory pressure. Further studies are warranted.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe relationship between positive end‐expiratory pressure and intra‐abdominal pressure is an essential issue in daily critical care nursing clinical practice. Considering the occurrence of multiple organ dysfunction as a result of a non‐detected increase in intra‐abdominal pressure, critical care nurses should pay attention to measuring this pressure to maintain intra‐abdominal pressures that are safe for mechanically ventilated and critically ill intensive care unit patients, thereby preventing these undue effects.
An integrated fast–slow plant and nematode economics spectrum predicts soil organic carbon dynamics during natural restoration
Authors: Zhang Chongzhe , Zhu Tongbin , Nielsen Uffe N. , Wright Ian J. , Li Na , Chen Xiaoyun , Liu Manqiang 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Aboveground and belowground attributes of terrestrial ecosystems interact to shape carbon (C) cycling. However, plants and soil organisms are usually studied separately, leading to a knowledge gap regarding their coordinated contributions to ecosystem C cycling.
We explored whether integrated consideration of plant and nematode traits better explained soil organic C (SOC) dynamics than plant or nematode traits considered separately. Our study system was a space‐for‐time natural restoration chronosequence following agricultural abandonment in a subtropical region, with pioneer, early, mid and climax stages.
We identified an integrated fast–slow trait spectrum encompassing plants and nematodes, demonstrating coordinated shifts from fast strategies in the pioneer stage to slow strategies in the climax stage, corresponding to enhanced SOC dynamics. Joint consideration of plant and nematode traits explained more variation in SOC than by either group alone. Structural equation modeling revealed that the integrated fast–slow trait spectrum influenced SOC through its regulation of microbial traits, including microbial C use efficiency and microbial biomass.
Our findings confirm the pivotal role of plant‐nematode trait coordination in modulating ecosystem C cycling and highlight the value of incorporating belowground traits into biogeochemical cycling under global change scenarios.
Perioperative intravenous lignocaine for pediatric postoperative pain—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gupta Aakriti , Ashok Vighnesh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous lignocaine has been used as an analgesic adjunct in pediatric surgical patients, although its efficacy is still unclear.ObjectiveWe aimed to clarify the efficacy of perioperative intravenous lignocaine (bolus followed by an infusion) on pediatric postoperative pain outcomes.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar (inception to June 2024).Eligibility CriteriaStudies involving pediatric patients (≤18 years) undergoing surgery under general anesthesia with one group receiving perioperative intravenous lignocaine (bolus followed by infusion) and the other group receiving placebo. The primary outcome was 24‐h postoperative opioid consumption. Postoperative pain scores and the need for rescue analgesia were the secondary outcomes.ResultsSeven studies (n = 415) were included in the final meta‐analysis. The use of intravenous lignocaine significantly reduced the morphine consumption in the first 24 h after surgery, compared to placebo (SMD ‐1.31, 95% CI ‐2.18 to −0.43, p = 0.003). A meta‐analysis could not be performed for the secondary outcomes.ConclusionThere is low quality evidence to suggest that perioperative intravenous lignocaine bolus followed by an infusion significantly reduced the opioid consumption on the first postoperative day in pediatric surgical patients. The effects of perioperative lignocaine on postoperative pain scores and the need for rescue analgesia are uncertain.
Localizing the state: Stateness among refugee–led community‐based organizations in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya
Authors: Millar Stefan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe localization of humanitarian operations is commonly characterized as a return of ownership to local and national actors. Localization policies in Kenya have made refugee‐led community‐based organizations a viable alternative for humanitarian provisioning. Simultaneously, localization facilitated the ongoing enlargement of the Kenyan state into refugee management. Incidentally, the Kenyan state has introduced limitations on community‐based organizations’ international funding and registration through a verification process. Drawing on 12 months of ethnographic research in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya, this article explores how community‐based organizations mediate Kenyan state control through verification. The article develops the concept of “stateness” to examine how refugee actors claim legitimacy as a state function. Stateness is generated by members of community‐based organizations through practices involving fellow refugees and Kenyan state actors. Using stateness, this article seeks to draw attention to how refugees can become a part of wider state apparatus and shape how the state is constituted within the camp.
Optimizing oilseed rape growth: Exploring the effect of foliar biostimulants on the interplay among metabolism, phenology, and yield
Authors: Ancín María , Soba David , Picazo Pedro J. , Gámez Angie L. , Le Page Jean‐François , Houdusse Diane , Aranjuelo Iker 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe current agricultural system is in search of new strategies to achieve a more sustainable production while keeping or even increasing crop yield and quality. In this scenario, the application of biostimulants constitutes a potent solution. In the current study, the impact of a blue‐green microalgal extract (MB) and a pig tissue hydrolysate (PTH) on rapeseed plants' development was characterized. Obtained results revealed a positive effect on yield parameters of plants treated with MB and, especially, PTH; this was associated to an improvement on the photosynthetic performance. Moreover, this study remarked the effects of biostimulants on plant phenology through their pivotal role in modulating developmental processes. More specifically, proteomic, metabolomic, and hormone content analyses revealed distinct alterations associated with the acceleration of phenology induced by biostimulant application. Additionally, some antioxidant enzymes and stress‐related compounds were up‐regulated upon MB and PTH treatments, indicating enhanced plant defense mechanisms in response to accelerated phenological transitions. Such findings highlight the intricate interplay between biostimulants and plant physiology, wherein biostimulants orchestrate rapid developmental changes, ultimately influencing growth dynamics. Altogether, the current study reveals that the application of both MB and PTH biostimulants promoted rapeseed plant phenology and productivity associated with an improvement in the photosynthetic machinery while boosting other physiological and molecular mechanisms.
Analysis of KIR and HLA Polymorphism in Chinese Individuals With COVID‐19
Authors: Tao Sudan , You Xuan , Norman Paul J. , Kichula Katherine M. , Dong Lina , Chen Nanying , He Ji , Zhang Wei , Zhu Faming 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTKiller‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) interactions with HLA class I have crucial roles in modulating NK cell function in response to viral infections. To explore the correlation between KIR/HLA and susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, we analysed polymorphism of KIR genes, haplotypes, HLA allotypes, and the interplay between KIR and HLA in individuals diagnosed with COVID‐19. Compared to a population control group, we observed a significantly increased frequency of KIR3DL3*00802 in the COVID‐19 group. When encoded by the HLA‐B gene, the frequency of HLA‐Bw4, a ligand for KIR3DL1, was at lower frequency in the COVID‐19 group. Additionally, significantly elevated frequencies of KIR‐Bx3, KIR3DL3*00301, 3DL3*048, and C1+HLA‐C were identified in the COVID‐19 group before multiple test correction, suggesting associations with susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Our findings indicate that the KIR3DL3*00802 allele may be a high‐risk factor for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, while Bw4 encoded by HLA‐B gene may confer protective effects against the infection.
Physiological and behavioural implications of the portosystemic shunt in C57Bl/6J mice
Authors: Lehtimäki Kimmo K. , Rytkönen Jussi , Pussinen Raimo , Shatillo Artem , Bragge Timo , Heikkinen Taneli , Fischer David F. , Kopanitsa Maksym V. , Sweeney Patrick , Nurmi Antti , Puoliväli Jukka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA significant fraction of the popular inbred C57Bl/6J mice show structural and biochemical features of the congenital portosystemic shunt (PSS). How this hepatic abnormality affects physiological and behavioural parameters has not been explored in detail. Here, we confirmed the frequent occurrence of the PSS in C57Bl/6J mice by three different methods. We screened a cohort of 119 C57Bl/6J mice for total bile acids (TBA) in plasma, identified 11 animals (9.2%) with high TBA (>11 µm; 171.1 ± 76.8 µm), and confirmed PSS presence in that subset by magnetic resonance angiography and 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain metabolites in the hippocampal area. In addition to the high glutamine and low myo‐inositol levels, we detected lower levels of several neurotransmitters and metabolites in the hippocampus, higher brain weight and volume, as well as enhanced brain glucose utilisation in the PSS mice. We also observed differences in peripheral organ weights, haematological cell counts and clinical chemistry parameters in C57Bl/6J mice with and without PSS. Animals with PSS were slightly hyperlocomotive, had better balance on the rotarod, showed altered gait properties, and displayed attenuated fear memory in the fear conditioning test. Furthermore, we revealed a significant alteration of the pharmacokinetic profile of diazepam in C57Bl/6J mice with PSS. Our data support previous reports of hepatic disturbances and demonstrate an altered neurobiological phenotype in C57Bl/6J mice with PSS. Such congenital differences between inbred C57Bl/6J littermates may significantly distort experimental outcomes of pharmacological, behavioural and genetic studies.
imageKey points
A significant proportion of C57Bl/6J mice, an inbred strain popular in preclinical research, have congenital portosystemic shunts (PSS) that allow venous blood to enter systemic circulation bypassing the liver.
In this study, we extended existing knowledge of PSS consequences, particularly with respect to the effects on brain structure and function.
We demonstrated that C57Bl/6J mice with PSS differ from their normal counterparts in brain size and contents of several neuroactive substances, as well as in peripheral organ weights, rate of glucose utilisation, blood cell counts and blood clinical chemistry parameters.
C57Bl/6J mice with PSS showed altered locomotor behaviour, performed worse in a memory test and had abnormal blood pharmacokinetics of a benzodiazepine drug after a single administration.
PSS presence may significantly complicate the interpretation of experiments in C57Bl/6J mice; therefore, we propose that before their use in biomedical studies, these mice should be screened with a simple blood test.
Gold Medal Engineering
Authors: Abrams Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Every Olympic Games, athletes set new records for speed, strength, and endurance. One force helping human bodies reach their max potentia is technology. Rowers benefit from lighter boats, cyclists ride bespoke bikes, and the shooters placing pellets on top of pellets are handling more accurate rifles. Even the most stripped-down event of them all—running—features athletes trained with an engineered pacer to gain their serious advantage. Behind the scenes engineering is pushing athletes further than they’ve ever gone.
Reduction of Pressure Distribution Variation in Press Mold Based on Variable Lattice Optimization
Authors: Yanagihara Kazutaka , Takezawa Akihiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Hot molding is one of the efficient techniques for shaping viscoelastic materials such as glass. However, to prevent surface quality defects caused by the contact between molds during the shaping process, the mold should be carefully designed to provide unifying contact pressure. In this study, to reduce the distribution of contact pressure of molds, the mold's internal stiffness distribution was controlled using variable lattice optimization via molding. Control of stiffness in the contact direction was achieved using unit cell shapes that included beam structures, and the range of effective stiffness was expanded by combining multiple types of unit cells. In addition, contact and linear elastic calculations were performed separately to address the boundary nonlinearity problem in the contact analysis. The linear elastic calculation was performed by mapping the displacement distribution obtained in the contact analysis, and sensitivity calculation was performed for the linear elastic calculation. Using two examples with modified contact surface shapes, the proposed method's effectiveness and validity are discussed through numerical calculations with effective material properties, reproduced detailed shapes, and experimental verification. The numerical simulations revealed a reduction in the variance of contact pressure by 74% in the 2.5D examples and 68% in the 3D examples. Experimental results demonstrated a decrease in the variance of contact pressure by 29% in both the 2.5D and 3D examples.
The Phase Transition of Covariant Lyapunov Vector Precisely Locates a Stability Reversal of Quasi-Periodic Response
Authors: Cao Limin , Liu Jike , Chen Yanmao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Assessing the stability of quasi-periodic (QP) response is crucial, as the bifurcation of QP response is usually accompanied by a stability reversal. The largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE), as an important indicator for chaotic motion, can also be used for the stability analysis of QP response. The precise location of a stability reversal, however, is tough to achieve as a poor convergence rate would be usually encountered when solving the LLE. Herein a straightforward and precise approach is suggested to identify the critical point when a stability reversal happens. Our approach is based on an explicit differential equation that provides the LLE straightforwardly via numerical integration, and the corresponding covariant Lyapunov vector is simultaneously obtained. The major finding consists in the phase transition of the covariant Lyapunov vector, which can happen much early before the LLE reaches a relatively convergent value. More importantly, the phase transition can serve as a strong indicator to locate a stability reversal of the QP response qualitatively. Numerical examples are provided to verify of the effectiveness and wide applicability the presented approach.
Closed-Form Solutions of Injection-Driven Flow and Heat Transfer Inside an Inclined Horizontal Filter Chamber
Authors: Lekoko Modisawatsona Lucas , Magalakwe Gabriel , Motsepa Tanki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The closed-form solutions of models provide operators and designers with a better understanding of how the systems perform practically, thus improving critical industrial production operations. Due to this importance, the case study at hand seeks to find closed-form solutions of the internal momentum and temperature variation during the filtration process to advance fluid purification. Lie group analysis is used to transform a system of equations representing the flow and heat transfer into a solvable system without changing the dynamics of the case study. The transformed solvable system is then integrated to find closed-form solutions of the internal velocity (momentum) and temperature variation. The obtained closed-form solutions are then used to analyze the effects of physical parameters arising from the process dynamics to find combinations of parameters that yield maximum permeates outflow. The analysis conveys that the internal fluid velocity increases when enhancing the permeation parameter and minimizing Reynolds number, wave speed parameter, and chamber height.
Methodology for Modeling Nonlinear Thermomechanical Response With Wear at High-Speed Interactions: Application to a Pin–Disk Configuration
Authors: Pontonnier Soufiane , Quaegebeur Samuel , Thouverez Fabrice , Almeida Patricio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An aircraft engine is a complex structure for which some components can come into contact at high speed. Modeling this behavior is very complex as multiple physics must be considered. State-of-the-art methodologies usually account for permanent contact and thermal modeling. In this paper, a new approach is proposed and embeds various phenomena such as nonregular and nonlinear contact mechanics, surface rubbing, wear, and nonlinear heat transfer. A nonlinear version of Moreau–Jean algorithm is employed to compute the transient response of the system and to capture accurately the contact dynamics. Moreover, the full nonlinear coupling between the dynamics and the heating process is taken into account through both a semi-analytical formulation and the finite element (FE) method. At the contact interface, heat flux is generated by dry rubbing and flows into both interacting bodies. The heat flux partition is evaluated thanks to a coefficient that depends on the material properties of the solids in contact. The proposed method also accounts for the adhesive wear between the solids through an energetic approach. This methodology is applied to an academic, yet realistic, disk connected to a rotor shaft that is free to move axially and to rotate around its revolution axis. Gyroscopic effects and variation of the rotation velocity are included leading to a full nonlinear mechanical behavior. The disk undergoes aerodynamic load moving it to contact with a clamped free pin. The rotor shaft and the pin are both modeled as one-dimensional (1D) elastic bodies, while the rotor disk is assumed to be rigid. Through this example, the developed strategy shows its potential to compute the complete transient highly nonlinear response of the breaking phenomenon, in an acceptable time simulation.
In Situ Species Concentration Measurements in Ammonia-Mix Flames Using FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Bedick Clinton , Boyette Wesley , Tulgestke Andrew 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen and ammonia represent two carbon-free fuel sources that could be used in place of current fossil energy sources in combustion systems. To develop optimized ammonia combustion systems, validated modeling tools are needed. In the open literature, it has been shown that the complex chemistry associated with fuel-bound nitrogen contained in ammonia differs greatly from natural gas or hydrogen combustion. As a result, several new chemical kinetic mechanisms have been developed. Many of these mechanisms have been validated experimentally; however, this has primarily focused on bulk parameters such as laminar flame speed and ignition delay time. Critically, high quality measurements of species concentrations are needed under controlled conditions that are easily represented by simple models. In this paper, direct, in situ measurements of species concentrations and gas temperature are performed in a laminar flat-flame burner. This arrangement enables comparison with one-dimensional (1D) model predictions, better isolating chemical kinetics from the fluid dynamics. Quantitative species concentrations are determined by absorption spectroscopy using an Fourier-transform-infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Fuel compositions representative of cracked ammonia (NH3/H2) and ammonia-natural gas (NH3/CH4) are considered for rich and lean equivalence ratios. A major focus of the paper is on the selection of spectral features for nitric oxide and ammonia and correcting for large amounts of baseline H2O absorption.
Front Matter
Authors:   ASME Robotics Technology Group (RTG) and its Working Groups Edited by Gloria J. Wiens
Published: October 2024

This frontmatter contains the Table of Contents and is available for free viewing by clicking on the PDF below.
eBook keywords: robotics, robotics technology, human-robot interaction, robot to robot machine collaboration, robot to human machine collaboration, robotic manufacturing, space-based robotic manufacturing and assembly, human-centered manufacturing, robotics risk and safety aspects.