bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EEG response during sedation interruption complements behavioral assessment following severe brain injury
Authors: Maschke Charlotte , Norton Loretta , Duclos Catherine , Han Miriam , Dolhan Kira , Laforge Geoffrey , Frantz Allison , Wang Xiaoyu , Al-Hayawi Hassan , Zhang Tianyu , Lavoie Raphaël , Owen Adrian M. , Blain-Moraes Stefanie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAccurate assessment of level of consciousness and potential to recover in severe brain injury patients underpins crucial decisions in the intensive care unit but remains a major challenge for the clinical team. The neurological wake-up test (NWT) is a widely used assessment tool, but many patients’ behavioral response during a short interruption of sedation is ambiguous or absent, with little prognostic value. This study assesses the brain’s electroencephalogram response during an interruption of propofol sedation to complement behavioral assessment during the NWT to predict survival, recovery of consciousness, and long-term functional outcome in acute severe brain injury patients.MethodsWe recorded 128-channel EEG of 41 severely brain-injured patients during a clinically indicated NWT. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was used to assess behavioral responsiveness before and after interruption of sedation (GCSobserved). During the NWT, nine patients regained responsiveness, 13 patients showed ambiguous responsiveness and 19 patients were not responsive. Brain response to sedation interruption was quantified using EEG power, spatial ratios and the spectral exponent. We trained a linear regression model to identify brain patterns related to regaining behavioral responsiveness. We then applied this model to patients whose behavioral responses were ambiguous or absent, using their NWT brain responses to predict a change in behavioral response (ΔGCSpredicted). Prognostic value of the ΔGCSpredictedwas assessed using the Mann-Whitney-U test and group-separability. The patients’ survival, recovery of responsiveness, and functional outcomes were assessed up to 12 months post-recording.ResultsEEG patterns during interruption of sedation reliably predicted the GCSobservedin patients who regained responsiveness during the NWT. Electrophysiological patterns of waking-up were observed in some patients whose behavioral response was ambiguous or absent. Compared to the GCSobserved, the ΔGCSpredictedimproved separability of prognostic groups and significantly distinguished patients according to survival (U = 87, p<0.05). The EEG-trained model outperformed outcome predictions of the patients’ attending physician and predictions based on the patients’ APACHE score.DiscussionEEG can complement behavioral assessment during the NWT to improve prognostication, inform clinicians, family members and caregivers, and to set realistic goals for treatment and therapy.
A Peer-Educator Driven Approach for Sampling Populations at Increased Mpox Risk in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Implications for Surveillance and Response
Authors: Merritt Sydney , Halbrook Megan , Anta Yvon , Mukadi Patrick K. , Hasivirwe Vakaniaki Emmanuel , Bodisa-Matamu Tavia , Lunyanga Lygie , Kacita Cris , Kompany Jean Paul , Makangara-Cigolo Jean-Claude , Kenye Michel , Kavira Sifa , Kalonji Thierry , Linsuke Sylvie , Malembi Emile , Mukadi-Bamuleka Daniel , Sabi Liliane , Lemaille Candice , Marie Inaka , Low Nicola , Hensley Lisa E. , Hoff Nicole A. , Shongo Robert , Kindrachuk Jason , Rimoin Anne W. , Mbala-Kingebeni Placide 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe epidemiological risk factors associated with mpox acquisition and severity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) are changing. We assessed perceived mpox risk, and behavioral, clinical and sexual histories among key populations at risk of acquisition through sexual contact. Here, we describe a sampling strategy to enroll participants considered to be at increased risk for mpox infection - men who have sex with men (MSM) and sex workers (SW) - in three urban centers in the DRC. Through the combined approach of time-location sampling with peer educators and respondent-driven sampling, a mixed cohort of 2826 individuals including self-identified MSM (n = 850), SW (n = 815), both MSM and SW (n = 118) and non-MSM, non-SW individuals (n = 1043) was enrolled in Kinshasa, Kinshasa province, Kenge, Kwango province, and Goma, North Kivu province, from March-August 2024. Of these, over 90% were reached through peer educators. The odds of sampling SW individuals were higher at bars/clubs than traditional health facilities. Conversely, the odds of enrolling MSM were highest at selected health facilities. Modifications to the sampling approach were introduced in Kenge and Goma, but these did not affect the enrollment of MSM or SW participants. Ultimately, the selection of, and collaboration with, well-integrated peer educators was the most important facet of this sampling strategy. As the definitions of at-risk populations continue to change for mpox, we demonstrate a functional approach to quickly surveying otherwise hard-to-reach groups for both public health surveillance activities and response.
Genetic contributions to epigenetic-defined endotypes of allergic phenotypes in children
Authors: Thompson Emma E. , Zhong Xiaoyuan , Carbonetto Peter , Morin Andréanne , Willwerscheid Jason , Visness Cynthia M. , Bacharier Leonard B. , Kattan Meyer , O’Connor George T. , Rivera-Spoljaric Katherine , Wood Robert A. , Gold Diane R. , Khurana Hershey Gurjit K. , Johnson Christine C. , Miller Rachel L. , Seroogy Christine M. , Zoratti Edward M. , Gergen Peter J. , Levin Albert M. , Altman Matthew C. , Hartert Tina , Stephens Matthew , Jackson Daniel J. , Gern James E. , McKennan Christopher G. , Ober Carole 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease in children, but little is known about genetic contributions to its underlying endotypes. To address this gap, we studied the methylome, transcriptome, and genome from children with extensive phenotyping from birth.MethodsWe performed DNA methylation (DNAm) studies using the Asthma&Allergy array and RNA-sequencing in nasal mucosal cells from 284 children (age 11 years) in the Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma (URECA) birth cohort with genotypes from whole-genome sequencing. Using empirical Bayes matrix factorization on all CpGs on the array, we derived 16 DNAm signatures and tested for associations between phenotypes and gene expression. We then replicated results in two additional cohorts and estimated the heritability of phenotype-associated signatures using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with an allergic disease, and with CpGs and genes associated with the signatures.FindingsThree DNAm signatures were associated with at least one phenotype: allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic sensitization (atopy), total IgE, exhaled nitric oxide, or blood eosinophils. The genes correlated with each of the three signatures were enriched in networks reflecting inhibited immune response to microbes, impaired epithelial barrier integrity, and activated T2 immune pathways. We replicated the signature-phenotype associations in two additional birth cohorts. The estimated joint SNP heritabilities of the signatures were 0.17 (p=0.0027), 0.30 (p=9.3x10-7), and 0.16 (p=9.0x10-7), respectively.InterpretationWe identified three significantly heritable DNAm signatures defining asthma and allergy endotypes across diverse populations. Our study demonstrated that epigenetic patterning in airway mucosal cells reflects perturbations in underlying biological processes related to the development of asthma and allergic diseases in childhood.
Equations for Estimating Basal and Resting Metabolic Rates: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Pourová Veronika , Langaufová Alena , Riad Abanoub 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis scoping review aims to map the existing equations used for estimating basal and resting metabolic rates and to specify their applicability to various population groups, particularly in cases where they demonstrate higher accuracy based on age, ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI).MethodsThe proposed scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A comprehensive search strategy has been developed to identify both published and unpublished studies. The literature search will be conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), SportDiscus (EBSCO), and ClinicalTrials.gov. Abstracts will be screened against the inclusion criteria, and the full text of all potential studies will be reviewed by two independent researchers. Data will be extracted using a pre-designed data extraction sheet and presented in tabular form and as a narrative summary.ResultsThe findings of this review will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented as an abstract at specialty conferences.ConclusionTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this review will be the first to comprehensively map all existing equations for both basal and resting metabolic rates. It is also a pioneering effort in synthesising evidence on the accuracy of these equations.Open Science Framework (OSF) RegistrationThis project has been registered at OSF since October 3rd, 2024.https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UD4WB
Dynamic Attentional Control Through Mixed Prefrontal Cortex Resources
Authors: Di Bello Fabio , Ceccarelli Francesco , Messinger Adam , Genovesio Aldo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSpatial attention can be either involuntarily drawn to salient, unexpected events (exogenous attention) or voluntarily directed (endogenous attention). Evidence suggests a link of both forms of attention to the (oculo)motor system. We investigated the role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in this relationship using a task that spatially dissociated attention from motor planning in two monkeys. PFC units flexibly encoded either the attended location or motor target, with some showing overlapping coding. Endogenous attention promotes an early engagement of these shared resources, producing two key effects: (1) it prevents interference between motor and attention systems, and (2) it regulates the extent of the exogenous shifts for attentional capture, with stronger shifts occurring when endogenous attention is weak. Overall, we show that there are separate attention and motor systems, each of which can flexibly draw on some “overlapping” resources based on environmental and internal demands.
Haematobiochemical Alterations and Lesion Characterization Induced by Haemonchosis in Sheep Slaughtered at Gondar ELFORA Abattoir, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Malede Birhan Anagaw , Kebede Mersha Chanie , Berihun Asnakew Mulaw , Mekonnen Muluken Yayeh , Yesuf Mohammed , Mitiku Tadegegn , Birhan Mastewal , Kenubih Ambaye , Temesgen Abraham Belete 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTHaemonchosis is a major gastrointestinal parasitic infection in sheep caused byHaemonchus contortus. An abattoir-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to September 2024 to assess the Haematobiochemical alterations and lesion characterization induced by Haemonchosis in sheep slaughtered at the Gondar ELFORA abattoir. The study involved 60 male local breed sheep, divided into 30 infected and 30 non-infected controls. The selection process involved postmortem examination of the abomasum tissues, incision, palpation, and visual inspection. Blood samples were taken for hematology and serum biochemical profiles, and a three cm tissue sample with typicalHaemonchus contortuslesions was also taken. The study found significant reductions in hemoglobin, hematocrit, corpuscular volume, hemoglobin, and red blood cell counts in the infected group compared to the non-infected group. However, white blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils were significantly higher in the infected group. Biochemical parameters showed significant reductions in total protein, albumin, globulin, and albumin to globulin ratio in the infected group. Erythrocyte indices indicated microcytic normochromic anemia. Gross examination revealed hemorrhages, dark brown abomasal contents, blood streaks, and a nodular lesion. Microscopic analysis revealed tissue-dwelling worms, submucosal hemorrhage, mucosal gland hyperplasia, thickened muscularis, and hyperplastic abomasal glands. The alterations in haematobiochemical parameters support the findings from gross and microscopic lesions. Thus, integrating haematobiochemical analysis with gross and microscopic lesion characterization improves the diagnosis of haemonchosis. Due to hypoproteinemia observed, it is advisable to supplement helminth-infected animals with protein-rich feeds, such as legumes.
Genomic Analysis ofSalmonella entericafrom cattle, beef and humans in the Greater Tamale Metropolis of Ghana
Authors: Sunmonu Gabriel Temitope , Saba Courage Kosi Setsoafia , Odih Erkison Ewomazino , Bright Opoku , Osei Eric Edem Yao , Mensah Alfred , Abdallah Saeed , Alhassan Abdul-Razak , Kpordze Stephen Wilson , Akinlabi Olabisi C , Oaikhena Anderson O , Egyir Beverly , Okeke Iruka N 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSalmonella entericais a bacterial foodborne pathogen notorious for infecting humans and animals. Proper control ofSalmonellarequires routine surveillance and interventions across the food-production chain. However, due to limited resources the dynamics and transmission of non-typhoidalSalmonellaserotypes remain poorly understood in several African settings, including within Ghana. Here, we employed bacterial culture and whole genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate the prevalence, virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants ofSalmonella entericaisolates from beef, cattle blood and human patient stool in Greater Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. Enrichment and culture of the specimens yielded 62 isolates in total from beef (31), bovine blood (28) and human diarrhoeal specimens (3). We identified at least 15 STs and 18 differentSalmonellaserovars. The most common serovars detected were Poona (n=13), Montevideo (n=10) and Poano (n=7) with S. Montevideo being the most common from cattle blood. Thirty-two isolates belonged to novel sequence types (STs), with ST2609 (n=9) being most common. Four raw beef isolates harboured at least one gene conferring resistance to beta-lactam (blaTEM-1), chloramphenicol (catA), fosfomycin (fosA7), quinolone (qnrD1) or tetracycline (tet(A)). Eight isolates carried at an IncF, IncI and/orCol3M plasmid replicon. This study recoveredSalmonella, often belonging to previously undocumented STs, at high frequencies from cattle and beef and demonstrated that isolates from human diarrhoeal patients are closely related to bovine isolates. The data highlight the need for broader and sustained surveillance and the urgent need for food safety interventions in Ghana.
Sexual selection matters in genetic rescue, but productivity benefits fade over time; a multi-generation experiment to inform conservation
Authors: West George , Pointer Michael , Nash Will , Lewis Rebecca , Gage Matt J.G. , Richardson David S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlobally, many species are threatened by population decline because of anthropogenic changes which leads to population fragmentation, genetic isolation, and inbreeding depression. Genetic rescue, the controlled introduction of genetic variation, is a method used to potentially relieve such effects in small populations. However, without understanding how the characteristics of rescuers impact rescue attempts interventions run the risk of being sub-optimal, or even counterproductive. We use the Red Flour Beetle (Tribolium castaneum) to test the impact of rescuer sex, and sexual selection background, on population productivity. We record the impact of genetic rescue on population productivity in 24/36 replicated populations for ten generations following intervention. We find little or no impact of rescuer sex on the efficacy of rescue but show that a background of elevated sexual selection makes individuals more effective rescuers. In both experiments, rescue effects diminish 6-10 generations after the rescue. Our results confirm that the efficacy of genetic rescue can be influenced by characteristics of the rescuers and that the level of sexual selection in the rescuing population is an important factor. We show that any increase in fitness associated with rescue may last for a limited number of generations, suggesting implications for conservation policy and practice.
Unveiling the role of miRNAs from MSC-EVs in neuroinflammation and behavioral impairments induced by chronic alcohol consumption
Authors: Mellado Susana , Touahri Najoua , Montagud-Romero Sandra , Perpiñá-Clérigues Carla , García-García Francisco , Moreno-Manzano Victoria , Guerri Consuelo , Arias Marta Rodríguez- , Pascual María 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC-EVs) have emerged as a promising form of regenerative and immunomodulatory therapy; indeed, micro (mi)RNAs contained within MSC-EVs modulate target gene expression and impact disease-associated pathways. Chronic alcohol consumption results in neuroinflammation, brain damage, and impaired cognition; in this study, we asked whether the repeated intravenous administration of MSC-EVs could ameliorate neuroinflammation and behavioral impairment induced by chronic alcohol consumption in mice. MSC-EVs diminished the increased binding of a micro-positron emission tomography tracer (18F-FDG) when analyzing whole-brain 3D images and brain coronal sections of ethanol-treated mice. MSC-EV administration protected against ethanol-induced proinflammatory gene upregulation, cognitive dysfunction, and addictive-like behavior. miRNA sequencing data from MSC-EVs helped to reveal the elevated expression of EV-derived miR-483-5p and miR-140-3p in the brains of ethanol-treated mice following MSC-EV administration. In addition, MSC-EVs modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory-related miRNA target genes (e.g., Socs3, Tnf, Mtor, Atf6) in the brains of ethanol-treated mice. These results suggest that MSC-EVs could function as a neuroprotective therapy to ameliorate the neuroinflammation, cognitive dysfunction, and addictive-like behavior associated with chronic alcohol consumption.
Fatty acid desaturation guides cellular decisions between ferroptosis and cellular senescence
Authors: Kuehnemann Chisaka , Jezak Samantha , Mogck Bronwyn , Kura Niharika , Che Yuheng , Vaittinen Maija , Siokas Ioannis , Tariq Rushmeen , Deshpande Sharvari , Guthrie Carlyn , Tan Xuejuan , Aimontche Eliezer , Zheng Tong , Greenberg Andrew S. , Wang Xiang-Dong , Kitazawa Koji , Dolnikowsi Gregory , Cheng Yong , Matthan Nirupa R. , Ramanthan Arvind , Pihlajamaki Jussi , Korstanje Ron , Wiley Christopher D. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryWhen subject to damage or stress, cells develop responses in order to maintain tissue homeostasis. Two such decisions are ferroptosis and cellular senescence, but how cells decide between these outcomes remains unclear. Here we show that senescent cells increase levels of multiple membrane-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), but a specific PUFA, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA, 20:3ω-3) is reduced. Exogenous repletion of DGLA or inhibition of delta-5-desaturase, the enzyme that metabolizes DGLA, instead results in cell death by ferroptosis. Senescent cells had elevated levels of other fezzroptosis sensitizers, including labile iron and expression of lipoxygenases – but also increased Gpx4 levels to prevent ferroptosis. Oral DGLA lowered senescent cell burden in aged mice and improved age-related functional outcomes. Finally, obese humans with lowered DGLA desaturation rates showed lower markers of adipose tissue senescence. Together, our data implicate DGLA and its desaturation as a major driver of decisions between senescence and ferroptosis.
Bottlebrush polymers with sequence-controlled backbones for enhanced oligonucleotide delivery
Authors: Wei Yun , Chen Peiru , Ren Mengqi , Li Deng , Lin Jiachen , Sun Tingyu , Wang Yuyan , Yang Shaobo , Nenopoulos Christopher , Oetheimer Christopher , Li Yao , Xue Chenyang , Minkara Mona , Zhang Ke 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe clinical translation of oligonucleotide-based thera-peutics continues to encounter challenges in delivery. In this study, we introduce a novel class of delivery vehicles for oligonucleotides, which are based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) bottlebrush polymers with sequence-defined backbones. Using solid-phase synthesis and bespoke phosphoramidites, the oligonucleotide and the polymer backbone can both be assembled on the solid support. The synthesis allows chemical modifiers such as carbon 18 (C18) units to be incorporated into the backbone in specific patterns to modulate the cell-materials interactions. Subsequently, PEG side chains were grafted onto the polymer segment of the resulting polymer-oligonucleotide conjugate, yielding bottlebrush polymers. We report an optimal pattern of the C18modifier that leads to improved cellular uptake, plasma phar-macokinetics, biodistribution, and antisense activity in vivo. Our results provide valuable insights into the pacDNA structure-property relationship and suggest a possibility of tuning the polymer backbone to meet the specific delivery requirements of various diseases.Abstract Figure
Out of the single-neuron straitjacket: neurons within assemblies change selectivity and their reconfiguration underlies dynamic coding
Authors: Londei Fabrizio , Ceccarelli Francesco , Arena Giulia , Ferrucci Lorenzo , Russo Eleonora , Brunamonti Emiliano , Genovesio Aldo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe investigated cell assemblies in the frontal cortex of macaques during two discrimination tasks. Focusing on the period of goal-action transformation, we extracted spikes fired during assembly activation from the full neural activity and showed that the contribution of a neuron to assembly coding, when it coordinates with other assembly neurons, differs from its coding in isolation. Neurons with their flexible participation to multiple assemblies contributed to the encoding of new information not encoded by the neurons alone. Even non-discriminative neurons acquired selectivity as part of the collective activity of the assemblies. Thus, neurons in their assemblies process distinct information for various purposes as a chess simul master, playing on multiple chessboards. The reconfiguration of the participation of the neurons into different assemblies in the goal-action transformation process translated into a dynamic form of coding, whereas minimal reconfiguration was associated with the static goal coding of the memory period.