bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using anti-poly(ethylene glycol) bioparticles for the quantitation of PEGylated nanoparticles
Authors: Hsieh Yuan-Chin , Cheng Ta-Chun , Wang Hsin-Ell , Li Jia-Je , Lin Wen-Wei , Huang Chien-Chiao , Chuang Chih-Hung , Wang Yeng-Tseng , Wang Jaw-Yuan , Roffler Steve R. , Chuang Kuo-Hsiang , Cheng Tian-Lu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAttachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules to nanoparticles (PEGylation) is a widely-used method to improve the stability, biocompatibility and half-life of nanomedicines. However, the evaluation of the PEGylated nanomedicine pharmacokinetics (PK) requires the decomposition of particles and purification of lead compounds before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry, etc. Therefore, a method to directly quantify un-decomposed PEGylated nanoparticles is needed. In this study, we developed anti-PEG bioparticles and combined them with anti-PEG antibodies to generate a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for direct measurement of PEGylated nanoparticles without compound purification. The anti-PEG bioparticles quantitative ELISA directly quantify PEG-quantum dots (PEG-QD), PEG-stabilizing super-paramagnetic iron oxide (PEG-SPIO), Lipo-Dox and PEGASYS and the detection limits were 0.01 nM, 0.1 nM, 15.63 ng/mL and 0.48 ng/mL, respectively. Furthermore, this anti-PEG bioparticle-based ELISA tolerated samples containing up to 10% mouse or human serum. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic studies of radiolabeled PEG-nanoparticles (Nano-X-111In) through anti-PEG bioparticle-based ELISA and a traditional gamma counter. These results suggest that the anti-PEG bioparticle-based ELISA may provide a direct and effective method for the quantitation of any whole PEGylated nanoparticles without sample preparation.
Triggering of spin-flipping-modulated exchange bias in FeCo nanoparticles by electronic excitation
Authors: Sarker Debalaya , Bhattacharya Saswata , Srivastava Pankaj , Ghosh Santanu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe exchange coupling between ferromagnetic (FM)-antiferromagnetic (AF) interfaces is a key element of modern spintronic devices. We here introduce a new way of triggering exchange bias (EB) in swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiated FeCo-SiO2 films, which is a manifestation of spin-flipping at high irradiation fluence. The elongation of FeCo nanoparticles (NPs) in SiO2 matrix gives rise to perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at intermediate fluence. However, a clear shift in hysteresis loop is evident at the highest fluence. This reveals the existence of an AF exchange pinning domain in the NPs, which is identified not to be oxide shell from XANES analysis. Thermal spike calculations along with first-principles based simulations under the framework of density functional theory (DFT) demonstrate that spin flipping of 3d valence electrons is responsible for formation of these AF domains inside the FM NPs. EXAFS experiments at Fe and Co K-edges further unravel that spin-flipping in highest fluence irradiated film results in reduced bond lengths. The results highlight the possibility of miniaturization of magnetic storage devices by using irradiated NPs instead of conventionally used FM-AF multilayers.
Shedding of neurexin 3β ectodomain by ADAM10 releases a soluble fragment that affects the development of newborn neurons
Authors: Borcel Erika , Palczynska Magda , Krzisch Marine , Dimitrov Mitko , Ulrich Giorgio , Toni Nicolas , Fraering Patrick C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNeurexins are transmembrane synaptic cell adhesion molecules involved in the development and maturation of neuronal synapses. In the present study, we report that Nrxn3β is processed by the metalloproteases ADAM10, ADAM17, and by the intramembrane-cleaving protease γ-secretase, producing secreted neurexin3β (sNrxn3β) and a single intracellular domain (Nrxn3β-ICD). We further completed the full characterization of the sites at which Nrxn3β is processed by these proteases. Supporting the physiological relevance of the Nrxn3β processing, we demonstrate in vivo a significant effect of the secreted shedding product sNrxn3β on the morphological development of adult newborn neurons in the mouse hippocampus. We show that sNrxn3β produced by the cells of the dentate gyrus increases the spine density of newborn neurons whereas sNrxn3β produced by the newborn neuron itself affects the number of its mossy fiber terminal extensions. These results support a pivotal role of sNrxn3β in plasticity and network remodeling during neuronal development.
Establishment of a highly sensitive sandwich ELISA for the N-terminal fragment of titin in urine
Authors: Maruyama Nobuhiro , Asai Tsuyoshi , Abe Chiaki , Inada Akari , Kawauchi Takeshi , Miyashita Kazuya , Maeda Masahiro , Matsuo Masafumi , Nabeshima Yo-ichi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMuscle damage and loss of muscle mass are triggered by immobilization, loss of appetite, dystrophies and chronic wasting diseases. In addition, physical exercise causes muscle damage. In damaged muscle, the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of titin, a giant sarcomere protein, are cleaved by calpain-3, and the resulting fragments are excreted into the urine via glomerular filtration. Therefore, we considered titin fragments as promising candidates for reliable and non-invasive biomarkers of muscle injury. Here, we established a sandwich ELISA that can measure the titin N-terminal fragment over a biologically relevant range of concentrations, including those in urine samples from older, non-ambulatory Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and from healthy donors under everyday life conditions and after exercise. Our results indicate that the established ELISA could be a useful tool for the screening of muscular dystrophies and also for monitoring the progression of muscle disease, evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic approaches, and investigating exercise-related sarcomeric disruption and repair processes.
Room temperature synthesis of biodiesel using sulfonated graphitic carbon nitride
Authors: Baig R. B. Nasir , Verma Sanny , Nadagouda Mallikarjuna N. , Varma Rajender S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSulfonation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) affords a polar and strongly acidic catalyst, Sg-CN, which displays unprecedented reactivity and selectivity in biodiesel synthesis and esterification reactions at room temperature.
A Cardiac Graft from a Donor with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis—A Case Report
Authors: Huenges Katharina , Panholzer Bernd , Cremer Jochen , Haneya Assad 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOrgan shortage unavoidably leads to shifting strategies in modern transplantation medicine. Experiences with specific comorbidities in terms of organ transplantation therefore have to be made. We report a case of a 51-year-old male patient with successful orthotopic heart transplantation from a donor with granulomatosis with polyangiitis. After a good recovery, the patient was discharged to rehabilitation 2 months after transplantation.
Why are embodied experiments relevant to cognitive linguistics?
Authors: Valenzuela Javier , Hilferty Joseph , Vilarroya Oscar 
Published: December 2016

Computational simulation models of cognitive linguistics are relatively scarce (cf Valenzuela, 2010). This is due, among other things, to the inherent complexity of the movement’s conception of language. Cognitive linguistics places great emphasis on the integration of language with sensorimotor and conceptual structure, as well as on the embodied nature of cognition and the perspective of language as a social construct. This has made it difficult for cognitive linguistics to take advantage of the benefits of computational simulation (cf McClelland 2009).The robotic paradigm of Luc Steels (Steels 1998, 2000, 2004, 2005) offers one of the most complete implementations of cognitive linguistics to date. In this paradigm, autonomous robotic agents play communication games in which linguistic information is represented by a version of construction grammar called “Fluid Construction Grammar”. The present chapter explains how this simulation is a true implementation of the theoretical proposals made by cognitive linguistics. More specifically, we show how these proposals have been operationalized for their use in the system.Computational simulations like the one described here should be of great interest to any cognitive linguist. They provide an excellent testing ground for any theoretical proposal, bringing cognitive linguistics even closer to the cognitive-science enterprise.
Genetic Characterization of Oncorhynchus mykiss Prior to Dam Removal with Implications for Recolonization of the Elwha River Watershed, Washington
Authors: Winans Gary A. , Baker Jon , McHenry Mike , Ward Larry , Myers Jim 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFor more than 100 years, two dams blocked upstream migration of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous Rainbow Trout) on the Elwha River, Washington. Prior to the removal of both dams (completed in 2015), 30 spatiotemporal collections of resident Rainbow Trout, steelhead, hatchery steelhead, and hatchery‐derived Rainbow Trout (1,949 individuals) were made from 17 sites in the river, and the pattern of genetic diversity and connectivity were evaluated using 13 microsatellite loci. Wild‐origin steelhead spawned below the downstream dam and were genetically distinguishable from upriver (above dam) resident Rainbow Trout (FST = 0.034), and the resident Rainbow Trout segregated into two distinct groups (FST = 0.056). Nonnative‐origin hatchery steelhead varied from the indigenous steelhead (FST = 0.029), and the hatchery trout differed from the resident trout (FST = 0.163). Collections of resident Rainbow Trout from the upper portion of the basin were distinguished by lower estimates of genetic variability (He, AR, and A/L) and effective population size compared with resident Rainbow Trout in the middle reaches of the Elwha River. The break between the two trout groups coincided with Rica Canyon, 8 river kilometers upstream from the Glines Canyon Dam (the upstream dam), suggesting that the upper and middle trout groups represent historic O. mykiss groups separated by flow conditions in the canyon prior to dam construction. Anticipating the potential for genetic exchange between steelhead and resident Rainbow Trout following dam removal, we evaluated the ability of the microsatellite baseline to distinguish F1 crosses between the life history groups with computer simulations. These results demonstrate how a genetic baseline can be used as a conservation management tool to measure potential genetic introgression among resident populations and recolonizing anadromous populations.Received June 17, 2016; accepted October 10, 2016 Published online December 12, 2016
Human rights, harm, and climate change mitigation
Authors: Berkey Brian 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA number of philosophers have resisted impersonal explanations of our obligation to mitigate climate change, and have developed accounts according to which these obligations are explained by human rights or harm-based considerations. In this paper I argue that several of these attempts to explain our mitigation obligations without appealing to impersonal factors fail, since they either cannot account for a plausibly robust obligation to mitigate, or have implausible implications in other cases. I conclude that despite the appeal of the motivations for rejecting the appeal to impersonal factors, such factors must play a prominent role in explaining our mitigation obligations.
MEGA-V: detection of variant gene sets in patient cohorts
Authors: Gambardella Gennaro , Cereda Matteo , Benedetti Lorena , Ciccarelli Francesca D 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSummaryDetecting significant associations between genetic variants and disease may prove particularly challenging when the variants are rare in the population and/or act together with other variants to cause the disease. We have developed a statistical framework named Mutation Enrichment Gene set Analysis of Variants (MEGA-V) that specifically detects the enrichments of genetic alterations within a process in a cohort of interest. By focusing on the mutations of several genes contributing to the same function rather than on those affecting a single gene, MEGA-V increases the power to detect statistically significant associations.Availability and ImplementationMEGA-V is available at https://github.com/ciccalab/MEGASupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Analysis of Fusarium graminearum Species Complex from Wheat–Maize Rotation Regions in Henan (China)
Authors: Hao Jun Jie , Xie Shu Na , Sun Jing , Yang Gong Qiang , Liu Jia Zhong , Xu Fei , Ru Yan Yan , Song Yu Li 
Published: December 2016

Fusarium head blight (FHB) and maize stalk rot (MSR), caused by members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), are among the most destructive and economically important diseases in the world. Species identity and the trichothecene chemotype of 312 members of the FGSC from diseased wheat spikes and maize stalks in Henan was determined using phylogenetic analyses and a polymerase chain reaction trichothecene chemotype assay. F. graminearum sensu stricto accounted for more than 93% of the FGSC isolates associated with FHB (N = 168) and MSR (N = 130). The remaining isolates were F. asiaticum. Significant differences were found in the frequencies of the two species within the hosts (P < 0.01). However, the frequencies of the same species in FHB and MSR were similar (P > 0.05) for wheat and maize isolates, indicating that the composition of the FGSC with respect to wheat and maize in these fields varied little. The 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) trichothecene chemotype represented 92.7 and 98.5% of isolates from wheat (N = 167) and maize (N = 130), respectively. However, the 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol chemotype was found in 6.7% of wheat isolates, and the nivalenol chemotype in 1.5% of MSR isolates and in 0.6% of FHB isolates. Mycelial growth at different concentrations of carbendazim and difenoconazole did not differ between F. graminearum sensu stricto and F. asiaticum. These results suggest that the 15-ADON chemotype of F. graminearum sensu stricto is the predominant pathogen that causes wheat- and maize-related diseases in this region. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
A hierarchical clustering of features approach for vehicle tracking in traffic environments
Authors: Banharnsakun Anan , Tanathong Supannee 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
Developing algorithms for automated detection and tracking of multiple objects is one challenge in the field of object tracking. Especially in a traffic video monitoring system, vehicle detection is an essential and challenging task. In the previous studies, many vehicle detection methods have been presented. These proposed approaches mostly used either motion information or characteristic information to detect vehicles. Although these methods are effective in detecting vehicles, their detection accuracy still needs to be improved. Moreover, the headlights and windshields, which are used as the vehicle features for detection in these methods, are easily obscured in some traffic conditions. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
First, each frame will be captured from a video sequence and then the background subtraction is performed by using the Mixture-of-Gaussians background model. Next, the Shi-Tomasi corner detection method is employed to extract the feature points from objects of interest in each foreground scene and the hierarchical clustering approach is then applied to cluster and form them into feature blocks. These feature blocks will be used to track the moving objects frame by frame.

Findings
Using the proposed method, it is possible to detect the vehicles in both day-time and night-time scenarios with a 95 percent accuracy rate and can cope with irrelevant movement (waving trees), which has to be deemed as background. In addition, the proposed method is able to deal with different vehicle shapes such as cars, vans, and motorcycles.

Originality/value
This paper presents a hierarchical clustering of features approach for multiple vehicles tracking in traffic environments to improve the capability of detection and tracking in case that the vehicle features are obscured in some traffic conditions.
The Geographical Challenge: How Winning Elections Has Become Much More Difficult for Labour
Authors: Curtice John 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLabour won fewer seats in 2015 than in 2010, even though its share of the vote increased. The decline in representation was occasioned by three features of the electoral geography of the 2015 contest—a collapse in Labour support in Scotland, a particularly strong Conservative advance in marginal seats and the fact that in England and Wales Labour's vote rose most strongly in seats that the party already held. As a result, Labour's vote became markedly less efficiently distributed than that of the Conservatives—a development that could make it very difficult for the party to win an overall majority at the next election. Meanwhile, the redrawing of constituency boundaries that is currently in train will make winning a majority even more difficult. However, the next election could well produce a hung parliament, and the party should be prepared for that eventuality.
A Ferris Wheel Accident at a Movable Amusement Park
Authors: Cho Young‐Jin , Ji Hong‐Keun , Moon Byung‐Sun , Park Ha‐Sun , Goh Jae‐Mo , Park Nam‐Kyu , Choi Don‐Mook 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study presented a Ferris wheel accident case. A Ferris wheel is composed of many parts, and the outmost ring of it is assembled using a lock pin. This accident occurred because the lock pin caught the door of a gondola and the gondola overturned. Five of the seven passengers in the gondola fell to the ground, along with the gondola's viewing window. The investigation revealed that the gondola became stuck when its door was caught by a lock pin at the Ferris wheel's three o'clock position. The contact between the door and the lock pin was due to a structural problem: There was not enough space allotted between the door and the lock pin. Therefore, if a passenger pushed on the gondola's door, the potential existed for contact between the door and the lock pin.
Current issues involved with the identification and nutritional value of wood grubs consumed by Australian Aborigines
Authors: Yen Alan , Bilney Conrad , Shackleton Michael , Lawler Susan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe so called witchetty grub is a publicized food source for Australian Aborigines. Despite heavy use, the identities and number of species consumed is still not known because of the lack of identified voucher specimens. Taxonomy based on adults makes identification of larval forms difficult. Dwelling in the root, trunks, and stems of woody plants, grubs are a reliable and highly valued food source that may be in decline. Much information on edible insects may already be lost in parts of Australia heavily settled by Europeans. However, there are many parts of Australia where information on edible insects is still strong and needs to be recorded accurately for long‐term use. Recent identification of “witchetty grubs” from the witchetty bush at Barrow Creek has revealed that those there, based on their DNA, are not Endoxyla leucomochla. As grubs are collected and eaten before they mature and scientific taxonomy is based on adults, there are many unanswered questions on the grub identification and biology, host plants, and plant and grub distributions.
A blind climber: The first evidence of ultrasonic echolocation in arboreal mammals
Authors: PANYUTINA Aleksandra A. , KUZNETSOV Alexander N. , VOLODIN Ilya A. , ABRAMOV Alexei V. , SOLDATOVA Irina B. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe means of orientation is studied in the Vietnamese pygmy dormouse Typhlomys chapensis, a poorly known enigmatic semi‐fossorial semi‐arboreal rodent. Data on eye structure are presented, which prove that Typhlomys (translated as “the blind mouse”) is incapable of object vision: the retina is folded and retains no more than 2500 ganglion cells in the focal plane, and the optic nerve is subject to gliosis. Hence, Typhlomys has no other means for rapid long‐range orientation among tree branches other than echolocation. Ultrasonic vocalization recordings at the frequency range of 50–100 kHz support this hypothesis. The vocalizations are represented by bouts of up to 7 more or less evenly‐spaced and uniform frequency‐modulated sweep‐like pulses in rapid succession. Structurally, these sweeps are similar to frequency‐modulated ultrasonic echolocation calls of some bat species, but they are too faint to be revealed with a common bat detector. When recording video simultaneously with the ultrasonic audio, a significantly greater pulse rate during locomotion compared to that of resting animals has been demonstrated. Our findings of locomotion‐associated ultrasonic vocalization in a fast‐climbing but weakly‐sighted small mammal ecotype add support to the “echolocation‐first theory” of pre‐flight origin of echolocation in bats.
Factor analysis of recurrent biliary events in long‐term follow up of gallstone pancreatitis
Authors: Lee Ji Min , Chung Woo Chul , Sung Hea Jung , Kim Yeon‐Ji , Youn Gun Jung , Jung Yun Duk , Choi Sooa , Jeon Eun Jung 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveRecurrent attacks after acute gallstone pancreatitis (GSP) are substantial problems, together with associated morbidity and mortality. The recommended therapies for recurrent attacks are cholecystectomy and endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST). This study aimed to evaluate the long‐term results of cholecystectomy and EST after clinical improvement of GSP.MethodsA consecutive series of patients who were admitted with GSP from January 2003 to December 2014 were analyzed. Patients were categorized into three treatment subgroups: cholecystectomy (n = 53), EST (n = 51) and conservative care (n = 67).ResultsA total of 171 patients were enrolled. The mean follow‐up period was 58 months (range 6–125 months). The pancreatitis‐induced in‐hospital mortality rate was 1.5%. The cholecystectomy and EST groups had a significantly lower frequency of recurrent pancreatitis than the conservative care group (P < 0.01). For recurrent pancreatitis, there was no significant difference between the cholecystectomy with and without EST subgroups. With respect to total recurrent biliary events, the cholecystectomy group was superior to the EST only group (P < 0.01). In patients receiving definitive treatment (cholecystectomy with or without EST), the presence of common bile duct (CBD) stone was an independent risk factor for recurrent biliary events (P < 0.01).ConclusionsIn the long‐term follow up of GSP, cholecystectomy can offer better protection against recurrent biliary events than EST only. The presence of CBD stones at time of definitive therapy might be a risk factor for recurrent biliary events.