bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mustafa Kemal’in Lenin’e, Lenin’in Mustafa Kemal’e Yazdığı Mektup
Authors: CİCİOĞLU Hasan 
Published: October 2024

Büyük Millet Meclisi 23 Nisan 1920 Cuma günü Ankara’da açıldı.
İstanbul'dan gelenlerin de katılımıyla çalışmalarına başladı. "Egemenlik
Kayıtsız Şartsız Ulusundur" hükmü, yeni Türk Devleti'nin egemenlik
kaynağını halktan alan insan hakları esaslarına dayandırıyordu. Meclis'in
toplandığının ertesi günü kürsüye gelen Mustafa Kemal Paşa, ateşkesten
sonraki gelişen olayları içeren çok uzun ve ayrıntılı bir konuşma yaptı.
B.M.M.’nin açılması ile yeni bir devlet kuruluyordu. Bu devletin adı
resmen konmamış olmakla beraber böyle bir hükümet ulusal egemenlik
temeline dayanan bir halk hükümeti idi. Cumhuriyet'in ilanı savaş sonrasına
kalmakla beraber, sistem, yapısı gereği bir cumhuriyet idi. Meclis Başkanı
Mustafa Kemal Paşa, uygulamada devletin başkanı idi. Yine bu önergede
dile getirildiği üzere Türk adı binlerce yıl sonra ilk kez kurulmakta olan
devlete veriliyor ve devletle ulus aynı isimde bütünleşiyordu.
25 Nisan'da Mustafa Kemal imzasını taşıyan ve Hamdullah Suphi Bey
tarafından hazırlanan ve Meclis'in oybirliği ile kabul ettiği “Büyük Millet
Meclisi'nin Memlekete Beyannamesi” yayınlandı. Bu bildiri ile ülkenin nasıl
işgal edildiği ve kurtuluş için nasıl bir mücadele verilmesi gerektiği ve
Meclis’in halkın iradesi olduğu dile getirildi.
26 Nisan'da da "Sovyet Rusya Halk Komiserliği Meclisi”ne bir mektup
gönderilerek, Sovyetlerle ilk dış ilişkinin başlatılmasına çalışıldı. Bu
bildiride, Büyük Millet Meclisi Reisi Mustafa Kemal imzalı mektup,
Dağıstan’ın istiklalini kazanması nedeniyle 18 Aralık 1920’de Lenin’e
gönderilen tebrik telgrafı ve Lenin tarafından 7 Ocak 1921’de Mustafa
Kemal Paşa'ya cevap olarak gönderilen mektup o günkü kaleme alış orijinal
şekliyle bu kongrede sunulacaktır.
Türkiye’nin Diplomasi Zaferi: Montrö Boğazlar Sözleşmesi (20 Temmuz 1936) (Macar Kaynaklarına Göre)
Authors: KARAGÜLMEZ Müjdat 
Published: October 2024

1453 yılında İstanbul’un fethi ile İstanbul ve Çanakkale Boğazları Türk
hâkimiyetine girdi. Bu tarihten itibaren, Marmara Denizi aracılığıyla
Karadeniz’i Akdeniz’e bağlayan bu deniz yoluna “Türk Boğazları” adı
verildi. Boğazlar, yüzyıllar boyunca Türk hâkimiyeti döneminde stratejik
önemini korudu. Osmanlı Devleti’nin Birinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan yenik
ayrılması sonrasında imzalanan Mondros Mütarekesi ile İtilaf Devletleri
İstanbul ile birlikte Boğazları fiilen işgal etti. 10 Ağustos 1920 tarihinde
imzalanan Sevr Barış Antlaşması’yla da Boğazlardan tüm devletlerin
geçişinin serbest olması karara bağlandı. Nitekim Mustafa Kemal Paşa
önderliğinde başlayan bağımsızlık mücadelesinin başarıya ulaşması,
Lozan’da yapılacak barış görüşmelerine giden yolu açmış oldu. Ancak 24
Temmuz 1923’te imzalanan Lozan Barış Antlaşması maddeleri gereğince,
Boğazlarda tam anlamıyla Türk hâkimiyeti sağlanamadı ve Boğazların
uluslararası bir komisyon tarafından kontrol edilmesi kararı alındı.
1930’lu yıllara gelindiğinde Avrupa’da var olan barış ve huzur ortamı
yerini güvensiz bir dış politikaya bıraktı. Türkiye’nin bu dönemdeki dış
politika hedefi, barışın devamlılığını sağlamak üzerine kuruldu. Zira
Almanya ve İtalya gibi revizyonist devletlerin savaş yanlısı tutumu,
Türkiye’nin Boğazlar üzerinde tam hâkimiyet sağlamak amacıyla
girişimlerde bulunmasına neden oldu. İngiltere’nin de desteğini alan
Türkiye, uluslararası buhranlı süreci iyi değerlendirerek 20 Temmuz 1936’da
imzalanan Montrö Boğazlar Sözleşmesi ile Boğazlarda yeniden egemen güç
oldu ve Boğazlarda tam hâkimiyet sağladı. Montrö’nün imzalanması,
Almanya ve İtalya gibi dönemin diğer revizyonist bir devleti olan
Macaristan tarafından yakından takip edildi. Macaristan her ne kadar
Karadeniz’e kıyısı olan bir devlet konumunda olmasa da Montrö’nün
imzalanmasına giden yolu, kendi revizyon taleplerine örnek teşkil edebileceği gerekçesiyle önemli görmüştür. Türkiye’de görev yapan Macar
elçilerinin raporlarında Montrö’nün imzalanması sürecinden sıklıkla
bahsetmesi bunu destekler niteliktedir. Macar basını da konuya dair çok
sayıda haber yaparak meselesinin çözüm süresi hakkında Macar kamuoyunu
bilgilendirmiştir.
“Doğu’nun Kahramanı” Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın Farsça Gazetelerdeki Tasviri
Authors: SADEGHİ Mohammad Hossein 
Published: October 2024

İran ile Türkiyenin komşuluğu ve iki devlet arasında her türlü siyasi,
kültürel ve ekonomik ilişkiler göz önüne alındığında, doğaldır ki bu ülkelerin
herhangi birinde meydana gelen bir durum veya olay diğeri için de özel bir
öneme sahiptir. Öyle ki, dönemin İran gazeteleri incelendiğinde Türkiye'deki
mevcut durum hakkında önemli bilgilere ve bunların İran’daki yansımalarına
ulaşılabilmektedir. Aynı şekilde Türkiye’deki gazeteler okunduğunda da İran
ile döneme ait ilgili bilgiler elde edilebilmektedir. Bu durum, özellikle de
ülkelerde özel koşulların mevcut olduğu tarihin kritik dönemlerinde daha
fazla öne çıkmaktadır.
Bu makale, İranlı aydınların Mustafa Kemal Paşa hakkındaki
görüşlerini anlamak için Şafak-ı Sorh, Bidar, İran ve asıl odaklanılacak olan
İkdam gibi döneme ait gazetelerde onunla ilgili bilgileri inceleyerek İranlı
aydınların, Mustafa Kemal Paşa'ya bakışı, Mustafa Kemal’in olaylar
karşısındaki tutumu ve izlediği politikaları ilk elden kaynaklar vesilesiyle
aktarmaya çalışmaktadır. Buradan hareketle, Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın
Birinci Dünya Savaşı ve Kurtuluş Savaşı’ndaki rolü, bu bağlamda yaptığı
konuşmalar, verdiği beyanatlar doğu devletlerinin dış politikadaki yeri ve
hilafetin kaldırılması gibi konuların bu gazetede ele alınan en önemli
konuların başında geldiği söylenebilir. Bu gazetelerde çıkan haberler ve
yazılarda Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın faaliyetleri ve mücadelesi hakkında İran
kamuoyu bilgililendirilmiş ve Mustafa Kemal Paşa’dan bir kahraman ve
kurtarıcı olarak bahsedilerek onun şahsiyeti ve mücadelesi İranlılara
özellikle de İran devlet adamlarına bir örnek olarak sunulmuştur.
O USO DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NA DETECÇÃO PRECOCE DO CÂNCER DE MAMA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Oliveira Maria Clara de , Maia Melissa Pimenta , Oliveira Tuanny Buratti de , Silva Iara Marcela Henriques Ferreira e , Requeijo Márcio José Rosa 
Published: October 2024

Introdução: O câncer de mama (CM) é uma neoplasia maligna resultante da multiplicação das células anormais da mama. O principal exame de rastreio e mais eficaz é a mamografia, entretanto, tal exame pode apresentar inconstância no diagnóstico. Por conta disso, iniciou-se a incorporação da inteligência artificial (IA) para o rastreio e o diagnóstico do CM. Objetivos: observar como o uso da IA pode auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce do câncer de mama. Metodologia: Este estudo é uma revisão integrativa de literatura realizada através de buscas nas bases de dados. Resultados e discussões: 20 artigos foram utilizados para a elaboração deste estudo. Observou-se uma opinião mútua de que a IA revolucionou a medicina diagnóstica, tendo potencial para transformar o diagnóstico e tratamento de diversas doenças, inclusive o câncer de mama. A inteligência artificial proporcionou um aumento da exatidão, sensibilidade e especificidade dos exames diagnósticos. Conclusão: A inteligência artificial (IA) tem potencial de melhorar a precisão dos exames no rastreio e no diagnóstico do câncer de mama. Esse avanço tecnológico propicia uma melhor acurácia dos testes e deixa mais confiável a detecção precoce desse câncer. Dessa forma, cada vez mais é possível fazer intervenções mais eficazes e que melhoram o prognóstico do paciente.
Changing optical properties of black carbon and brown carbon aerosols during long-range transport from the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the equatorial Indian Ocean
Authors: Budhavant Krishnakant , Manoj Mohanan Remani , Nair Hari Ram Chandrika Rajendran , Gaita Samuel Mwaniki , Holmstrand Henry , Salam Abdus , Muslim Ahmed , Satheesh Sreedharan Krishnakumari , Gustafsson Örjan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols strongly influence the global climate through their light absorption properties (e.g., black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC)) and scattering properties (e.g., sulfate). This study presents simultaneous measurements of ambient-aerosol light absorption properties and chemical composition obtained at three large-footprint southern Asian receptor sites during the South Asian Pollution Experiment (SAPOEX) from December 2017 to March 2018. The BC mass absorption cross section (BC-MAC678) values increased from 3.5 ± 1.3 at the Bangladesh Climate Observatory at Bhola (BCOB), located at the exit outflow of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, to 6.4 ± 1.3 at two regional receptor observatories, the Maldives Climate Observatory at Hanimaadhoo (MCOH) and the Maldives Climate Observatory at Gan (MCOG), representing an increase of 80 %. This likely reflects a scavenging fractionation, resulting in a population of finer BC with higher MAC678 that has greater longevity. At the same time, BrC-MAC365 decreased by a factor of 3 from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) exit to the equatorial Indian Ocean, likely due to photochemical bleaching of organic chromophores. The high chlorine-to-sodium ratio at the BCOB, located near the source region, suggests a significant contribution of chorine from anthropogenic activities. Particulate Cl− has the potential to be converted into Cl radicals, which can affect the oxidation capacity of polluted air. Moreover, Cl− is shown to be nearly fully consumed during long-range transport. The results of this synoptic study, conducted on a large southern Asian scale, provide rare observational constraints on the optical properties of ambient BC (and BrC) aerosols over regional scales, away from emission sources. They also contribute significantly to understanding the aging effect of the optical and chemical properties of aerosols as pollution from the Indo-Gangetic Plain disperses over the tropical ocean.
Multi-scale soil moisture data and process-based modeling reveal the importance of lateral groundwater flow in a subarctic catchment
Authors: Nousu Jari-Pekka , Leppä Kersti , Marttila Hannu , Ala-aho Pertti , Mazzotti Giulia , Manninen Terhikki , Korkiakoski Mika , Aurela Mika , Lohila Annalea , Launiainen Samuli 
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Soil moisture plays a key role in soil nutrient and carbon cycling; plant productivity; and energy, water, and greenhouse gas exchanges between the land and the atmosphere. The knowledge on drivers of spatiotemporal soil moisture dynamics in subarctic landscapes is limited. In this study, we used the Spatial Forest Hydrology (SpaFHy) model, in situ soil moisture data, and Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR)-based soil moisture estimates to explore spatiotemporal controls of soil moisture in a subarctic headwater catchment in northwestern Finland. The role of groundwater dynamics and lateral flow in soil moisture was studied through three groundwater model conceptualizations: (i) omission of groundwater storage and lateral flow, (ii) conceptual TOPMODEL approach based on topographic wetness index, and (iii) explicit 2D lateral groundwater flow. The model simulations were compared against continuous point soil moisture measurements, distributed manual measurements, and novel SAR-based soil moisture estimates available at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Based on model scenarios and model–data comparisons, we assessed when and where the lateral groundwater flow shapes shallow soil moisture and under which conditions soil moisture variability is driven more by local ecohydrology, i.e., the balance of infiltration, drainage, and evapotranspiration. The choice of groundwater flow model was shown to have a strong impact on modeled soil moisture dynamics within the catchment. All model conceptualizations captured the observed soil moisture dynamics in the upland forests, but accounting for the lateral groundwater flow was necessary to reproduce the saturated conditions common in the peatlands and occasionally in lowland forest grid cells. We further highlight the potential of integrating multi-scale observations with land surface and hydrological models. The results have implications for ecohydrological and biogeochemical processes, as well as for modeling hydrology and Earth system feedbacks in subarctic and boreal environments.
Rapid simulation of wave runup on morphologically diverse, reef-lined coasts with the BEWARE-2 (Broad-range Estimator of Wave Attack in Reef Environments) meta-process model
Authors: McCall Robert , Storlazzi Curt , Roelvink Floortje , Pearson Stuart G. , de Goede Roel , Antolínez José A. Á. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Low-lying, tropical, coral-reef-lined coastlines are becoming increasingly vulnerable to wave-driven flooding due to population growth, coral reef degradation, and sea-level rise. Early-warning systems (EWSs) are needed to enable coastal authorities to issue timely alerts and coordinate preparedness and evacuation measures for their coastal communities. At longer timescales, risk management and adaptation planning require robust assessments of future flooding hazard considering uncertainties. However, due to diversity in reef morphologies and complex reef hydrodynamics compared to sandy shorelines, there have been no robust analytical solutions for wave runup to allow for the development of large-scale coastal wave-driven flooding EWSs and risk assessment frameworks for reef-lined coasts. To address the need for fast, robust predictions of runup that account for the natural variability in coral reef morphologies, we constructed the BEWARE-2 (Broad-range Estimator of Wave Attack in Reef Environments) meta-process modeling system. We developed this meta-process model using a training dataset of hydrodynamics and wave runup computed by the XBeach Non-Hydrostatic process-based hydrodynamic model for 440 combinations of water level, wave height, and wave period with 195 representative reef profiles that encompass the natural diversity in real-world fringing coral reef systems. Through this innovation, BEWARE-2 can be applied in a larger range of coastal settings than meta-models that rely on a parametric description of the coral reef geometry. In the validation stage, the BEWARE-2 modeling system produced runup results that had a relative root mean square error of 13 % and relative bias of 5 % relative to runup simulated by XBeach Non-Hydrostatic for a large range of oceanographic forcing conditions and for diverse reef morphologies (root mean square error and bias 0.63 and 0.26 m, respectively, relative to mean simulated wave runup of 4.85 m). Incorporating parametric modifications in the modeling system to account for variations in reef roughness and beach slope allows for systematic errors (relative bias) in BEWARE-2 predictions to be reduced by a factor of 1.5–6.5 for relatively coarse or smooth reefs and mild or steep beach slopes. This prediction provided by the BEWARE-2 modeling system is faster by 4–5 orders of magnitude than the full, process-based hydrodynamic model and could therefore be integrated into large-scale EWSs for tropical, reef-lined coasts and used for large-scale flood risk assessments.
The importance of diabatic processes for the dynamics of synoptic-scale extratropical weather systems – a review
Authors: Wernli Heini , Gray Suzanne L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Many fundamental concepts of synoptic-scale extratropical dynamics are based on the quasi-geostrophic equations of a dry atmosphere. This “dry dynamics” provides the essential understanding of, for example, the formation of extratropical cyclones and the propagation of Rossby waves and makes potential vorticity (PV) a materially conserved quantity. Classically, for extratropical weather systems, the importance of so-called “diabatic effects”, e.g. surface fluxes, phase changes of water in clouds, and radiation, has been regarded as secondary compared to the dry dynamical processes. As outlined in this review article, research during recent decades has modified this view of the role of diabatic processes. A combination of complementary research approaches revealed that the nonlinear dynamics of extratropical cyclones and upper-tropospheric Rossby waves is affected – in some cases strongly – by diabatic processes. Despite the violation of material PV conservation in the presence of diabatic processes, the concept of PV has been of utmost importance to identify and quantify the role of diabatic processes and to integrate their effects into the classical understanding based on dry dynamics. This review first summarises the theoretical concepts of diabatic PV modification, moist PV, and slantwise moist convection and provides a concise overview of early research on diabatic effects until the late 1970s. Two poorly predicted high-impact cyclones affecting eastern North America then triggered an impressive diversity of efforts to investigate the role of diabatic processes in rapid cyclone intensification in the last 2 decades of the 20th century. These research activities, including the development of sophisticated diagnostics, growing applications of the Lagrangian perspective, real-case and idealised numerical experiments, and dedicated field experiments, are reviewed in detail. This historical perspective provides insight about how societal relevance, international collaboration, technical development, and creative science contributed to establishing this important theme of dynamical meteorology. The second part of the review then more selectively outlines important achievements in the last 2 decades in our understanding of how diabatic effects, in particular those related to cloud microphysics, affect the structure, dynamics, and predictability of different types of extratropical cyclones and their mesoscale substructures, upper-tropospheric blocks, Rossby waves, and interactions. A novel aspect is the relevance of research on diabatic processes for climate change research. The review closes by highlighting important implications of investigating diabatic processes in extratropical weather systems for the broader field of weather and climate dynamics and its fundamentals and representation in numerical models.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ИЗНАШИВАНИЯ ЛОПАСТНЫХ НАСОСОВ
Authors: А.Ю. Албагачиев , Н.И. Смирнов 
Published: October 2024

Приведены результаты расчетно-экспериментальных исследований моделирования лопастных насосов. Получено распределение износа радиальных сопряжений и виброскорости по длине насосной секции и предполагаемая форма упругой линии вала. Предложены: кинетическое уравнение абразивного износа, уравнение расхода через зазор, и уравнение скорости износа.
The results of computational and experimental studies of modeling vane pumps are presented. The distribution of wear of radial joints and vibration velocity along the length of the NS and the expected shape of the elastic line of the shaft were obtained. The following are proposed: the kinetic equation of abrasive wear, the equation of flow through the gap, and the equation of wear rate.
ДИНАМИЧЕСКОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ РЕЗОНАНСНОЙ ЧАСТОТОЙ ПОЛОТНА ПИЛЬНОГО МОДУЛЯ, СОВЕРШАЮЩЕГО КРУГОВОЕ ПЛОСКОЕ ВРАЩАТЕЛЬНО-ПОСТУПАТЕЛЬНОЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕ
Authors: М.А. Блохин , И.И. Дымчаков , А.П. Шеин , Д.Д. Емельянов 
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена проектированию и инженерному расчету динамической устойчивости пильного полотна распиловочного оборудования нового вида с пильным модулем, совершающем круговое плоское вращательно-поступательное движение. Представленное оборудование относится к области распиловки твердых материалов, преимущественно древесины, но также и металла, пластмасс, камня, кости, стекла и других. Главным сборочным узлом оборудования является пильный блок, состоящий из шести пильных модулей, обеспечивающих его динамическое равновесие без дополнительных балансировочных (корректирующих) элементов.
The article is devoted to the design and engineering calculation of the dynamic stability of the saw blade of a new type of sawing equipment with a saw module performing a circular plane rotational and translational motion. The presented equipment relates to the field of sawing solid materials, mainly wood, but also metal, plastics, stone, bone, glass and others. The main assembly unit of the equipment is a saw block consisting of six saw modules that ensure its dynamic equilibrium without additional balancing (corrective) elements.
АНАЛИЗ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ШИРОКО РАСПРОСТРАНЕННЫХ СИСТЕМ ЧПУ
Authors: А.А. Фролов , Л.В. Шипулин 
Published: October 2024

Современное машиностроение активно развивается и вместе с этим повышается цифровизация производств. Проведенное исследование показывает особенности и различия распространенных на территории РФ систем ЧПУ: Fanuc, Sinumerik и Балт-систем. Рассмотрены основные функции и дополнительные возможности каждой из систем, а также описаны их возможные модификации, в зависимости от типа кинематики оборудования и направления производства.
Modern machine building is actively developing and along with it the digitalization of production is increasing. The conducted research shows the features and differences of CNC systems widespread in the territory of the Russian Federation: Fanuc, Sinumerik and Balt-systems. The main functions and additional possibilities of each system are considered, and also their possible modifications are described, depending on the type of equipment kinematics and production direction.
Evaluation of the effect of head rotation on face mask ventilation in adults under general anesthesia: A randomized, single-blind, crossover study
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Bhalotra Anju R. , Singh Rahil 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Effective face mask ventilation is a life-saving skill. Loss of muscle tone under general anesthesia may lead to tongue fall and pharyngeal collapse and reduce the efficiency of face mask ventilation. It has been suggested that lateral head rotation may improve the efficiency of face mask ventilation. The aim of this study was to compare face mask ventilation in neutral and head-rotated positions in adult patients under general anesthesia.

Methods: This randomized crossover study was conducted on 42 patients of both genders, aged 18–60 years, who were randomly assigned to group NRN (face mask ventilation performed in neutral–rotated–neutral head positions for one minute each) and group RNR (face mask ventilation performed in rotated–neutral–rotated head positions for one minute each). The primary outcome was the expired tidal volume (VTE) measured in both head positions during pressure control mode of ventilation with a peak inspiratory pressure of 15 cmH2O. Secondary outcomes included the number of patients with airway obstruction or low VTE during mask ventilation and the effects of age, height, Mallampati class, and airway obstruction or low VTE on VTE in the head-rotated position.

Results: The mean VTE was significantly higher in the neutral position (637.93 ± 186.62 ml) compared to the head-rotated position (625.30 ± 183.52 ml) (p = 0.036). The VTE was comparable in group NRN and group RNR in neutral (p = 0.455) and head-rotated positions (p = 0.464). The incidence of airway obstruction was similar in both positions and no patient had low VTE during mask ventilation. Age, height, Mallampati class, and airway obstruction or low VTE in neutral position had no effect on VTE in the head-rotated position.

Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in the VTE in the rotated head position compared to the neutral head position during mask ventilation in patients under general anesthesia.