bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic relationships among female fertility disorders, female fertility traits and productivity of Holstein dairy cows in the early lactation period
Authors: Gernand E. , König S. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryFertility health disorders from the early lactation period including retained placenta (REPLA), metritis (MET), corpus luteum persistence (CLP), anoestria/acyclia (AOEAC) and ovarial cysts (OC), as well as overall disease categories (disorders during the postpartal period (DPP), ovary infertility (OINF), overall trait definition “fertility disorders” (FD)), were used to estimate genetic (co)variance components with female fertility and test‐day traits. The disease data set comprised 25,142 Holstein cows from parities 1, 2 and 3 resulting in 43,584 lactations. For disease traits, we used the binary trait definition (sick or healthy) and disease count data reflecting the sum of treatments for the same disease within lactation or within lactation periods. Statistical modelling included single and multiple trait repeatability animal models for all trait combinations within a Bayesian framework. Heritabilities for binary disease traits ranged from 0.04 (OC) to 0.10 (REPLA) and were slightly lower for the corresponding sum trait definitions. Correlations between both trait definitions were almost one, for genetic as well as for permanent environmental effects. Moderate to high genetic correlations were found among puerperal disorders DPP, REPLA and MET (0.45–0.98) and among the ovarian disorders OINF, AOEAC, CLP and OC (0.59–0.99). Genetic correlations between puerperal and ovarian disorders were close to zero, apart from the REPLA–OC association (0.55). With regard to fertility disorders and productivity in early lactation, a pronounced genetic antagonistic relationship was only identified between OC and protein yield. Genetic correlations between fertility disorders and test‐day SCS were close to zero. OINF and all diseases contributing to OINF were strongly correlated with the female fertility traits “interval from calving to first service,” “interval from service to pregnancy” and “interval from calving to pregnancy.” The strong correlations imply that fertility disorders could be included in genetic evaluations of economic fertility traits as correlated predictors. Vice versa, a breeding focus on female fertility traits will reduce genetic susceptibility to OC, CLP and AOEAC.
Chemical composition, insecticidal and biochemical effects of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil on the Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Liao M. , Xiao J.‐J. , Zhou L.‐J. , Yao X. , Tang F. , Hua R.‐M. , Wu X.‐W. , Cao H.‐Q. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPesticide resistance has developed as a result of long‐term and extensive use of chemical pesticides. Essential oils from aromatic plants may provide a new and safe alternative to conventional insecticides. In this study, the insecticidal activities of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia and their chemical constituents against Helicoverpa armigera Hubner were investigated, and the underlying mechanisms were studied. The essential oil showed distinct antifeedant (AFC50 = 8.93 mg/ml) and good contact (LD50 = 50.28 μg/larva) activities against H. armigera at 24 hr. Ten chemical components were identified using a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, and mainly included terpinen‐4‐ol (40.09%), γ‐terpinene (21.85%), α‐terpinene (11.34%), α‐terpineol (6.91%), α‐pinene (5.86%), terpinolene (3.24%) and 1,8‐cineole (1.83%). Among them, five components were determined and results showed that these constituents possessed obvious antifeedant activities. The activities of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S‐transferase were notably inhibited by the essential oil, as compared with the control, with strong dose‐ and time‐dependent effects. The results provide a basis for their development and utilization in the control of insects in the future.
Characteristics and Incidence of Chronic Illness in Community‐Dwelling Predominantly Male U.S. Veteran Centenarians
Authors: Kheirbek Raya Elfadel , Fokar Ali , Shara Nawar , Bell‐Wilson Leakie K. , Moore Hans J. , Olsen Edwin , Blackman Marc R. , Llorente Maria D. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo assess the incidence of chronic illness and its effect on veteran centenarians.DesignRetrospective longitudinal cohort study.SettingUnited States Veterans Affairs Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW).ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling veterans born between 1910 and 1915 who survived to at least age 80 (N = 86,892; 31,121 octogenarians, 52,420 nonagenarians, 3,351 centenarians).MeasurementsThe Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate cumulative incidence of chronic conditions according to age group. Incidence rates were compared using the log‐rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate unadjusted hazard ratios.ResultsNinety‐seven percent of Centenarians were male, 88.0% were white, 31.8% were widowed, 87.5% served in World War II, and 63.9% did not have a service‐related disability. The incidence rates of chronic illnesses were higher in octogenarians than centenarians (atrial fibrillation, 15.0% vs 0.6%, P < .001; heart failure, 19.3% vs 0.4%, P < .001; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 17.9% vs 0.6%, P < .001; hypertension, 29.6% vs 3.0%, P < .001; end‐stage renal disease, 7.2% vs 0.1%, P < .001; malignancy, 14.1% vs 0.6%, P < .001; diabetes mellitus, 11.1% vs 0.4%, P < .001; stroke, 4.6% vs 0.4%, P < .001) and in nonagenarians than centenarians (atrial fibrillation, 13.2% vs 3.5%, P < .001; heart failure, 15.8% vs 3.3%, P < .001; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 11.8% vs 3.5%, P < .001; hypertension, 27.2% vs 12.8%, P < .001; end‐stage renal disease, 11.9% vs 4.5%, P < .001; malignancy, 8.6% vs 2.3%, P < .001; diabetes mellitus, 7.5% vs 2.2%, P < .001; and stroke, 3.5% vs 1.3%, P < .001).ConclusionIn a large cohort of predominantly male community‐dwelling elderly veterans, centenarians had a lower incidence of chronic illness than those in their 80s and 90s, demonstrating similar compression of morbidity and extension of health span observed in other studies.
Laterality and grip strength influence hand bone micro‐architecture in modern humans, an HRpQCT study
Authors: Reina Nicolas , Cavaignac Etienne , Trousdale William H. , Laffosse Jean‐Michel , Braga José 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIt is widely hypothesized that mechanical loading, specifically repetitive low‐intensity tasks, influences the inner structure of cancellous bone. As such, there is likely a relationship between handedness and bone morphology. The aim of this study is to determine patterns in trabecular bone between dominant and non‐dominant hands in modern humans. Seventeen healthy patients between 22 and 32 years old were included in the study. Radial carpal bones (lunate, capitate, scaphoid, trapezium, trapezoid, 1st, 2nd and 3rd metacarpals) were analyzed with high‐resolution micro‐computed tomography. Additionally, crush and pinch grip were recorded. Factorial analysis indicated that bone volume ratio, trabeculae number (Tb.N), bone surface to volume ratio (BS.BV), body weight, stature and crush grip were all positively correlated with principal components 1 and 2 explaining 78.7% of the variance. Volumetric and trabecular endostructural parameters (BV/TV, BS/BV or Tb.Th, Tb.N) explain the observed inter‐individual variability better than anthropometric or clinical parameters. Factors analysis regressions showed correlations between these parameters and the dominant side for crush strength for the lunate (r2 = 0.640, P < 0.0001), trapezium (r2 = 0.836, P < 0.0001) and third metacarpal (r2 = 0.763). However, despite a significant lateralization in grip strength for all patients, the endostructural variability between dominant and non‐dominant sides was limited in perspective to inter‐individual differences. In conclusion, handedness is unlikely to generate trabecular patterns of asymmetry. It appears, however, that crush strength can be considered for endostructural analysis in the modern human wrist.
Recurrent ovarian undifferentiated carcinoma resembling hepatoid morphology treated with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and bevacizumab
Authors: Ishiguro Tatsuya , Kashima Kastunori , Yachida Nozomi , Motoyama Teiichi , Enomoto Takayuki 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHepatoid carcinomas are undifferentiated epithelial carcinomas that are pathologically similar to hepatocellular carcinoma, but occur in a variety of organs. Hepatoid carcinomas, as strictly defined, typically produce α‐fetoprotein. In addition, a standard effective chemotherapy regimen for hepatoid carcinoma has yet to be established. We present a case of advanced primary ovarian cancer that was pathologically similar to hepatoid carcinoma without staining for α‐fetoprotein or hepatocyte paraffin 1. The primary ovarian, metastatic, and recurrent tumors shared similar pathological characteristics. Fourth‐line chemotherapy with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and bevacizumab was effective in treating the recurrent tumor, even though this disease had recurred three times.
Ultrasound diagnosis of intramural pregnancy
Authors: Liu Na‐na , Han Xue‐song , Guo Xi‐juan , Sun Li‐tao , Kong Xian‐chao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntramural pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy, where the gestational sac is implanted inside the myometrium instead of the endometrial and fallopian tubes. Preoperative diagnosis remains very difficult. Ultrasonic findings vary according to the anatomical location or duration of pregnancy. In this study, we summarized the ultrasonic characteristics of intramural pregnancy by assessing three cases. We also propose a set of ultrasonic characteristics to facilitate differential diagnosis between intramural pregnancy and other types of ectopic pregnancy.
Pregnancy outcomes in women with different doses of corticosteroid supplementation during labor and delivery
Authors: Owa Takao , Mimura Kazuya , Kakigano Aiko , Matsuzaki Shinya , Kumasawa Keiichi , Endo Masayuki , Tomimatsu Takuji , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to report the pregnancy outcomes of women who received different doses of corticosteroid supplementation during labor and delivery.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 102 pregnant women who received oral corticosteroid therapy, delivered at Osaka University Hospital, and were administered intravenous corticosteroid supplementation during labor and delivery. From January 2008 to May 2012, 47 women were administered a high dose of corticosteroids (HD group). From June 2012 to December 2016, 55 women were given a low dose of corticosteroids (LD group).ResultsThere were no significant differences in the patient characteristics between the two groups. The most frequent disease was systemic lupus erythematosus (30/102; 29.4%). Most women used prednisolone for more than 1 year (91/102; 89.2%) and at a dose of more than 5 mg/day (88/102; 86.3%). The total intravenous dose of hydrocortisone during labor and delivery ± standard deviation was 233.5 ± 129.4 mg (HD group) and 143.4 ± 38.1 mg (LD group), exhibiting a significantly larger dose in the HD group. No patients suffered an adrenal deficiency and there were no significant differences in the hemodynamics. There were three cases of puerperal endometritis, two patients with hyperglycemia, and one wound infection in the HD group, whereas one case of puerperal endometritis in the LD group. There were no significant differences in the neonatal outcomes.ConclusionPregnancy outcomes did not differ between the high and low doses of corticosteroid supplementation during labor and delivery.
Analysis of symbiotic Symbiodinium in scleractinian corals off Northwestern Kish Island, Persian Gulf
Authors: Mashini Amirhossein Gheitanchi , Fard Yazdani Mona , Ghavam Mostafavi Pargol , Shahhosseiny Mohammad Hassan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe genus Symbiodinium plays an essential role in the resistance and survival of reef‐building corals during temperature anomalies. Coral colonies inhabiting the Persian Gulf (PG) experience extended periods of different stresses. Kish Island is located in the harsh environment of the Northern PG with previously reported bleaching episodes. Samples of six coral species from Northwestern Kish Island were analysed by internal transcribed spacer 2 of ribosomal DNA to identify in hospite Symbiodinium populations. The results showed that lineage D of Symbiodinium was the most prevalent clade among different coral colonies, while clade C was only detected in symbiosis with a single coral species. However, the detected Symbiodinium subclades belonged to two host generalists. The predominance of the stress tolerant Symbiodinium trenchii and subclade C3 could suggest an acclimatization strategy to cope with the hostile environment of the PG.
On peacocks and lyrebirds: Australian options, Brownian bridges, and the average of submartingales
Authors: Ewald Christian‐Oliver , Yor Marc 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe introduce a class of stochastic processes, which we refer to as lyrebirds. These extend a class of stochastic processes, which have recently been coined peacocks, but are more commonly known as processes that are increasing in the convex order. We show how these processes arise naturally in the context of Asian and Australian options and consider further applications, such as the arithmetic average of a Brownian bridge and the average of submartingales, including the case of Asian and Australian options where the underlying features constant elasticity of variance or is of Merton jump diffusion type.
Comparison of the effectiveness of two different interventions to reduce preoperative anxiety: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Ertuğ Nurcan , Ulusoylu Özge , Bal Ayça , Özgür Hazal 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine and compare the effectiveness of nature sounds and relaxation exercises for reducing preoperative anxiety. A repeated measures randomized controlled trial design was used. We divided 159 preoperative patients into three groups: nature sounds (n = 53), relaxation exercises (n = 53), and control groups (n = 53). We evaluated anxiety using the visual analog scale and state anxiety inventory scores immediately before, immediately after, and 30 min after interventions in nature sounds and relaxation exercises groups, and silent rest in the control. We found no differences between the measurement values in the intervention groups, but we did observe a difference between the intervention and control groups. The two interventions were similarly effective in reducing preoperative anxiety. These simple and low‐cost interventions can be used to reduce preoperative anxiety in surgical clinics.
Nasal obstructive disorders impair health‐related quality of life in adolescents with persistent allergic rhinitis: A real‐life study
Authors: Valls‐Mateus Meritxell , Marino‐Sanchez Franklin , Ruiz‐Echevarría Karen , Cardenas‐Escalante Paulina , Jiménez‐Feijoo Rosa , Blasco‐Lozano Jaime , Giner‐Muñoz María Teresa , Haag Oliver , Alobid Isam , Plaza Martin Ana María , Mullol Joaquim 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe previously reported a higher prevalence of nasal obstructive disorders (NOD) in pediatric patients with persistent allergic rhinitis (PER) not responding to medical treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of NOD on quality of life (QoL) in this population.MethodsReal‐life prospective study including 142 patients (41 children, 6‐11 years old and 101 adolescents, 12‐17 years old) with moderate and severe PER. After 2 months of medical treatment (intranasal steroids and antihistamines), patients were asked whether their symptoms had improved (yes/no) and classified accordingly in R, responders and NR, non‐responders. Nasal symptoms (visual analog scale, VAS), NOD (nasal endoscopy), and QoL (PRQLQ, AdolQRLQ) were also assessed.ResultsSixty‐nine adolescents and 24 children were included in the NR group. NR presented worse QoL overall scores in adolescents (3.16±1.1 vs 1.63±0.99; P=.00001) and children (2.19±0.82 vs 1.51±0.77, P=.02). Medical treatment failure was associated with worse outcomes in QoL (adolescents OR: 1.6, P<.0001; children OR: 1.04, P=.036). Female adolescents presented worse QoL scores than males (3.19 vs 2.36, P=.001). The presence of obstructive septal deviation (OR: 1.02, P=.005), obstructive turbinate hyperplasia (OR: 1.03, P=.0006), and coexistence of both (OR=2.06, P=.001) was associated with worse QoL in adolescents. A strong and highly significant correlation was found between nasal symptoms VAS and QoL.ConclusionThe presence of NOD, particularly in adolescents, is associated with poor QoL outcomes. Assessment of NOD in pediatric PER should be considered an essential approach to determine the response to treatment and its impact on patient's QoL.
Molecular engineering and plant expression of an immunoglobulin heavy chain scaffold for delivery of a dengue vaccine candidate
Authors: Kim Mi‐Young , Van Dolleweerd Craig , Copland Alastair , Paul Matthew John , Hofmann Sven , Webster Gina R. , Julik Emily , Ceballos‐Olvera Ivonne , Reyes‐del Valle Jorge , Yang Moon‐Sik , Jang Yong‐Suk , Reljic Rajko , Ma Julian K. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn order to enhance vaccine uptake by the immune cells in vivo, molecular engineering approach was employed to construct a polymeric immunoglobulin G scaffold (PIGS) that incorporates multiple copies of an antigen and targets the Fc gamma receptors on antigen‐presenting cells. These self‐adjuvanting immunogens were tested in the context of dengue infection, for which there is currently no globally licensed vaccine yet. Thus, the consensus domain III sequence (cEDIII) of dengue glycoprotein E was incorporated into PIGS and expressed in both tobacco plants and Chinese Ovary Hamster cells. Purified mouse and human cEDIII‐PIGS were fractionated by HPLC into low and high molecular weight forms, corresponding to monomers, dimers and polymers. cEDIII‐PIGS were shown to retain important Fc receptor functions associated with immunoglobulins, including binding to C1q component of the complement and the low affinity Fcγ receptor II, as well as to macrophage cells in vitro. These molecules were shown to be immunogenic in mice, with or without an adjuvant, inducing a high level IgG antibody response which showed a neutralizing potential against the dengue virus serotype 2. The cEDIII‐PIGS also induced a significant cellular immune response, IFN‐γ production and polyfunctional T cells in both the CD4+ and CD8+ compartments. This proof‐of‐principle study shows that the potent antibody Fc‐mediated cellular functions can be harnessed to improve vaccine design, underscoring the potential of this technology to induce and modulate a broad‐ranging immune response.
Simulation–Extrapolation for Bias Correction with Exposure Uncertainty in Radiation Risk Analysis Utilizing Grouped Data
Authors: Misumi Munechika , Furukawa Kyoji , Cologne John B. , Cullings Harry M. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn observational epidemiological studies, the exposure that is received by an individual often cannot be precisely observed, resulting in measurement error, and a common approach to dealing with measurement error is regression calibration (RC). Use of RC, which requires assumptions about the distribution of unknown error-free (true) variables, leads to concern about the possibility of bias due to misspecification of that distribution. The simulation–extrapolation (SIMEX) method, in contrast, does not require a distributional assumption. However, analyses of large cohorts may be performed by using grouped or person-year data, and application of SIMEX to grouped data is not straightforward, particularly when there is a mixture of classical and Berkson measurement errors. We compared RC and SIMEX with grouped data analyses to assess robustness of the RC method to misspecification of the true dose distribution. We also applied SIMEX assuming mixtures of classical and Berkson errors and compared the results with those obtained by using RC for classical error only. SIMEX had less bias than RC and performed well regardless of the true dose distribution, whereas RC based on a misspecified true dose distribution showed greater bias than when based on the correctly specified true dose distribution.
Justice at the Margins: The Social Contract and the Challenge of Marginal Cases
Authors: Bauer Nathan , Svolba David 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAttempts to justify the special moral status of human beings over other animals face a well‐known objection: the challenge of marginal cases. If we attempt to ground this special status in the unique rationality of humans, then it becomes difficult to see why nonrational humans (infants, the severely cognitively disabled, and so on) should be treated any differently than other, nonhuman animals. We respond to this challenge by turning to the social contract tradition. In particular, we identify an important role for the concept of recognition in attempts to secure rights through a social contract. Recognition, which involves identifying with or seeing ourselves as others, is the key to establishing the scope of justice, and we argue that this scope extends to all humans—even the so‐called marginal cases—but not to other animals. If this is correct, then we have a principled reason for why all humans have certain rights that other animals lack.
Cytomegalovirus peritonitis after kidney transplantation diagnosed through histopathological examination
Authors: Hotta Kiyohiko , Fukasawa Yuichiro , Wada Yoshiki , Fukuzawa Nobuyuki , Seki Toshimori , Harada Hiroshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAmong organ transplant recipients, cytomegalovirus (CMV) commonly results in various types of infection such as pneumonitis, hepatitis, and enterocolitis. However, CMV peritonitis is very rare and difficult to diagnose owing to lack of visible clinical signs. We present a case of a 35‐year‐old female kidney recipient who developed abdominal pain and urinary retention caused by CMV peritonitis. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of CMV peritonitis after organ transplantation to be diagnosed through histopathological examination.
Can the Lamberts and Lambert Submaximal Cycle Test Reflect Overreaching in Professional Cyclists?
Authors: Decroix Lieselot , Lamberts Robert P. , Meeusen Romain 
Published: April 2017

Context: The Lamberts and Lambert Submaximal Cycle Test (LSCT) consists of 3 stages during which cyclists cycle for 6 min at 60%, 6 min at 80%, and 3 min at 90% of their maximal heart rate, followed by 1-min recovery. Purpose: To determine if the LSCT is able to reflect a state of functional overreaching in professional female cyclists during an 8-d training camp and the following recovery days. Methods: Six professional female cyclists performed an LSCT on days 1, 5, and 8 of the training camp and 3 d after the training camp. During each stage of the LSCT, power output and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were determined. Training diaries and Profile of Mood States (POMS) were also completed. Results: At the middle and the end of the training camp, increased power output during the 2nd and 3rd stages of the LSCT was accompanied with increased RPE during these stages and/or the inability to reach 90% of maximal heart rate. All athletes reported increased feelings of fatigue and muscle soreness, while changes in energy balance, calculated from the POMS, were less indicative of a state of overreaching. After 3 d of recovery, all parameters of the LSCT returned to baseline, indicating a state of functional overreaching during the training camp. Conclusion: The LSCT is able to reflect a state of overreaching in elite professional female cyclists during an 8-d training camp and the following recovery days.