bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemiluminescence detection of trace iodide with flow injection analysis of KMnO4‐carbon dots system
Authors: Han Suqin , Liu Bibi , Fan Zheyan , Zhang Lifu , Jiang Fengying 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUltra‐weak chemiluminescence (CL) from the reaction of iodide and KMnO4 was strongly enhanced by carbon nanodots (CNDs) in an acidic medium. The CL intensity was directly proportional to the concentration of iodide in the solution. Therefore, a flow‐injection CL system with high sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility is proposed for the determination of iodide. The proposed method exhibited advantages over a linear range of 3.0 × 10−6–1.0 × 10−4 mol/L and had a detection limit of 3.5 × 10−7 mol/L. The method was successfully applied to the evaluation of iodide in food samples with recoveries of between 96 and 103%. The relative standard deviations were 2.1 and 4.1% for intra‐ and inter‐assay precision, respectively.
Synthesis and luminescence properties of brick‐shaped lanthanum–organic frameworks with mesoporous and macroporous architectures
Authors: Chen Wanping , Yang Jun , Zhao Yue , Hu Yangjie , Xiang Bolin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGenerally, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are made up from kinds of repeating microporous structure. Here, a series of Eu3+ ions activated terephthalate‐based lanthanum–organic frameworks (La–MOFs) was synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction. By controlling the reaction time, we obtained some unique brick‐shaped La–MOFs in a micron scale size range, and these La–MOFs showed tunable mesoporous and macroporous architectures. It is speculated that the change in the composition and structure of building units results in the formation of this mesoporous and macroporous heterogeneous architectures. Powder X‐ray diffraction patterns and Eu3+ luminescence behavior support the speculation.
Latent Heat Storage: Storage Materials, Heat Transfer, and Applications
Authors: Ghaib Karim 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPhase change materials are frequently used in thermal storage systems due to their large latent heat und isothermal nature. This paper discusses different phase change materials. Techniques for improving their thermophysical properties are highlighted. Their corrosive effects on the stability of construction materials are approached. Finally, different applications, in which the phase change materials are used, are presented.
Covalent Protein Labeling by SpyTag–SpyCatcher in Fixed Cells for Super‐Resolution Microscopy
Authors: Pessino Veronica , Citron Y. Rose , Feng Siyu , Huang Bo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLabeling proteins with high specificity and efficiency is a fundamental prerequisite for microscopic visualization of subcellular protein structures and interactions. Although the comparatively small size of epitope tags makes them less perturbative to fusion proteins, they require the use of large antibodies that often limit probe accessibility and effective resolution. Here we use the covalent SpyTag–SpyCatcher system as an epitope‐like tag for fluorescent labeling of intracellular proteins in fixed cells for both conventional and super‐resolution microscopy. We also applied this method to endogenous proteins by gene editing, demonstrating its high labeling efficiency and capability for isoform‐specific labeling.
Electrochemical Deposition of MgO@ZnO Shell−Core Nanorod Arrays Largely Enhances the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Tian Jing , Li Weibing 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWell aligned ZnO nanorod array (NRA) core coated with MgO nanolayer shell was fabricated via a facile pulse electrodeposition method. Using this method, a homogeneous MgO nanolayer could be formed on the surface of the wurtzite ZnO nanorod. This novel nanostructure with controllable shell thickness, provided a high photoinduced current density of 2.4 mA cm−2 at 1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) under 100 mW cm−2 illumination (AM 1.5), which value is almost three times larger than that of pristine ZnO NRA and also much superior to those of analogous ZnO based photoanodes. The as‐prepared photoanodes exhibited excellent behaviors in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, significantly improved the photoconversion efficiency. This is attributed to the interface effect and surface hydrophilia provided by the MgO ultrathin nanolayer, suppressing the recombination rate of electron‐hole pairs and improving interfacial charge exchange capacity. Thus, this work provides a cost‐effective route to improve the performance of ZnO based photoanodes, in addition it can be used in other solar energy conversion devices, for example, this hydroxyl groups dominant surface can be employed for other visible light response semiconductors (CdS, CdTe etc.) assembly.
Reaction Mechanisms of the Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid on Tin Oxide Electrodes
Authors: Lee Chan Woo , Cho Nam Heon , Yang Ki Dong , Nam Ki Tae 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRecent reports on the electrochemical production of formate demonstrate that reduced metal oxides play a key role in activating stable CO2 molecules. To expand a pre‐existing design principle of catalysts to a higher level, one of the remaining issues is to clearly understand the reaction mechanism. In recent years, mechanistic studies on SnOx catalysts, one of the most popular candidates for CO2 conversion to formate, have been intensively conducted in various aspects. In this Minireview, we summarize the reaction mechanisms of formate production based on computational, electrokinetic and in situ analyses focusing on SnOx catalysts. Starting from theoretical points including key intermediates, reaction pathway, and selectivity for formate production over pure metals, the discussion is expanded to the reaction mechanism on oxide surface.
Preparation of Mesoporous Basic Oxides through Assembly of Monodispersed Mg–Al Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Oka Yuya , Kuroda Yoshiyuki , Matsuno Takamichi , Kamata Keigo , Wada Hiroaki , Shimojima Atsushi , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMesoporous basic Mg–Al mixed metal oxides (MMOs) with a high surface area and large pore size have been prepared through the assembly of monodispersed layered double hydroxide nanoparticles (LDHNPs) with block copolymer templates. The particle sizes of the LDHNPs were mainly controlled by varying the concentration of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM), which was used as a surface stabilizing agent. LDHNPs and micelles of a block copolymer (Pluronic F127) were assembled to form a composite. The composites were calcined to transform them into mesoporous MMOs and to remove the templates. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas, mesopore sizes, and pore volumes increased as a result of using the templates. Moreover, the pore sizes of the mesoporous MMOs could be controlled by using LDHNPs of different sizes. The mesoporous MMOs prepared from the LDHNPs showed much higher catalytic activity than a conventional MMO catalyst for the Knövenagel condensation of ethyl cyanoacetate with benzaldehyde. The mesoporous MMO catalyst prepared using the smallest LDHNPs, about 12 nm in size, showed the highest activity. Therefore, the use of monodispersed LDHNPs and templates is effective for preparing highly active mesoporous solid base catalysts.
An Optimized Two‐Photon Fluorescent Probe for Biological Sensing and Imaging of Catechol‐O‐Methyltransferase
Authors: Wang Ping , Xia Yang‐Liu , Zou Li‐Wei , Qian Xing‐Kai , Dou Tong‐Yi , Jin Qiang , Li Shi‐Yang , Yu Yang , Wang Dan‐Dan , Luo Qun , Ge Guang‐Bo , Yang Ling 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA practical two‐photon fluorescent probe was developed for highly sensitive and selective sensing of the activities of catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) in complex biological samples. To this end, a series of 3‐substituted 7,8‐dihydroxycoumarins were designed and synthesized. Among them, 3‐BTD displayed the best combination of selectivity, sensitivity, reactivity, and fluorescence response following COMT‐catalyzed 8‐O‐methylation. The newly developed two‐photon fluorescent probe 3‐BTD can be used for determining the activities of COMT in complex biological samples and bio‐imaging of endogenous COMT in living cells and tissue slices with good cell permeability, low cytotoxicity, and high imaging resolution. All these findings suggest that 3‐BTD holds great promise for developing therapeutic molecules that target COMT, as well as for exploring COMT‐associated biological processes and its biological functions in living systems. Furthermore, the strategy also sheds new light on the development of fluorescent probes for other conjugative enzymes.
Synthesis of BODIPY‐Labeled Cholesterylated Glycopeptides by Tandem Click Chemistry for Glycocalyxification of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs)
Authors: Stuhr‐Hansen Nicolai , Vagianou Charikleia‐Despoina , Blixt Ola 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe glycocalyx cover membrane surfaces of all living cells. These complex architectures render their interaction mechanisms on the membrane surface difficult to study. Artificial cell‐sized membranes with selected and defined glycosylation patterns may serve as a minimalistic approach to systematically study cell surface glycan interactions. The development of a facile general synthetic procedure for the synthesis of BODIPY‐labeled cholesterylated glycopeptides, which can coat cell‐size giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), is described. These peptide constructs were synthesized by: 1) solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) using cholesterylated Fmoc‐amino acids (Fmoc=9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) followed by tandem click reactions, 2) attachment of a BODIPY‐bicyclononyne (BCN) (prepared by Mitsunobu chemistry via novel aryl BCN‐ethers) in the absence of a catalyst, and 3) glycosylation by means of copper(I)‐catalyzed click reaction of an azidoglycan. Seven different GUV‐glycoforms were prepared and four of these were evaluated with their corresponding four specific anti‐glycan binding lectins.
A Retrosynthesis Approach for Biocatalysis in Organic Synthesis
Authors: de Souza Rodrigo O. M. A. , Miranda Leandro S. M. , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFor the planning of an organic synthesis route, the disconnection approach guided by retrosynthetic analysis of possible intermediates and the chemical reactions involved, back to ready available starting materials, is well established. In contrast, such concepts just get developed for biocatalytic routes. In this Review we highlight functional group interconversions catalyzed by enzymes. The article is organized rather by chemical bonds formed—exemplified for C−N, C−O‐ and C−C‐bonds—and not by enzyme classes, covering a broad range of reactions to incorporate the desired functionality in the target molecule. Furthermore, the successful use of biocatalysts, also in combination with chemical steps, is exemplified for the synthesis of various drugs and advanced pharmaceutical intermediates such as Crispine A, Sitagliptin and Atorvastatin. This Review also provides some basic guidelines to choose the most appropriate enzyme for a targeted reaction keeping in mind aspects like commercial availability, cofactor‐requirement, solvent tolerance, use of isolated enzymes or whole cell recombinant microorganisms aiming to assist organic chemists in the use of enzymes for synthetic applications.
Outcome of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Veltri Lauren W. , Milton Denái R. , Delgado Ruby , Shah Nina , Patel Krina , Nieto Yago , Kebriaei Partow , Popat Uday R. , Parmar Simrit , Oran Betul , Ciurea Stefan , Hosing Chitra , Lee Hans C. , Manasanch Elisabet , Orlowski Robert Z. , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Champlin Richard E. , Qazilbash Muzaffar H. , Bashir Qaiser 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUNDDespite the introduction of effective, novel agents, the outcome of patients with refractory multiple myeloma remains poor, particularly those who are refractory to both proteasome inhibitors (PIs) and immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs). Limited data are available on the role of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in this population.METHODSPatients with refractory myeloma who underwent first autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto‐HCT) between March 2000 and October 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Those who had primary refractory disease and those with relapsed and refractory disease were included. Disease that was refractory to at least 1 PI and at least 1 IMiD was classified as double‐refractory multiple myeloma (DR‐MM).RESULTSIn total, 233 patients were identified, including 105 (45%) classified with DR‐MM and 128 (55%) classified with nondouble‐refractory myeloma (NDR‐MM). At a median follow‐up of 42 months for surviving patients, at least a partial response was observed in 188 patients (81%; 83 patients in the DR‐MM group [79%] and 105 patients in the NDR‐MM [82%]; P = .77). A near complete response or better was observed in 52 patients (22%; 25 patients in the DR‐MM group [24%] and 27 patients in the NDR‐MM group [21%]; P = .77). The median progression‐free survival was 17.6 months (14.4 months in the DR‐MM group and 18.2 months in the NDR‐MM group), and the 2‐year progression‐free survival rate was 38% (35% in the DR‐MM group and 40% in the NDR‐MM group; P = .40). The median overall survival was 48 months (38.9 months in the DR‐MM group and 56.6 months in the NDR‐MM group), and the 2‐year overall survival rate was 74% (71% in the DR‐MM group and 76% in the NDR‐MM group; P = .27).CONCLUSIONSThe current findings indicate that auto‐HCT is an effective and safe therapy in patients with refractory multiple myeloma, including those who are refractory to IMiDs and PIs. Cancer 2017;123:3568‐75. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Normal development of spinal axons in early embryo stages and posterior locomotor function is independent of GAL‐1
Authors: Pasquini Juana M. , Barrantes Francisco J. , Quintá Héctor R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIt was recently described that Galectin‐1 (Gal‐1) promotes axonal growth after spinal cord injury. This effect depends on protein dimerization, since monomeric Gal‐1 fails to stimulate axonal re‐growth. Gal‐1 is expressed in vivo at concentrations that favor the monomeric species. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether endogenous Gal‐1 is required for spinal axon development and normal locomotor behavior in mice. In order to characterize axonal development, we used a novel combination of 3‐DISCO technique with 1‐photon microscopy and epifluorescence microscopy under high power LED illumination, followed by serial image section deconvolution and 3‐D reconstruction. Cleared whole lgals‐1‐/‐ embryos were used to analyze the 3‐D cytoarchitecture of motor, commissural, and sensory axons. This approach allowed us to evaluate axonal development, including the number of fibers, fluorescence density of the fiber tracts, fiber length as well as the morphology of axonal sprouting, deep within the tissue. Gal‐1 deficient embryos did not show morphological/anatomical alterations in any of the axonal populations and parameters analyzed. In addition, specific guidance receptor PlexinA4 did not change its axonal localization in the absence of Gal‐1. Finally, Gal‐1 deficiency did not change normal locomotor activity in post‐natal animals. Taken together, our results show that development of spinal axons as well as the locomotor abilities observed in adult mice are independent of Gal‐1. Supporting our previous observations, the present study further validates the use of lgals‐1‐/‐ mice to develop spinal cord‐ or traumatic brain injury models for the evaluation of the regenerative action of Gal‐1.
Performance study of a signal‐extraction algorithm using different parallelisation strategies for the Cherenkov Telescope Array's real‐time‐analysis software
Authors: Rodríguez‐Vázquez Juan José , Vázquez‐Poletti José Luis , Delgado Carlos , Bulgarelli Andrea , Cárdenas‐Montes Miguel 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIn this work, a signal‐extraction algorithm pertaining to the Cherenkov Telescope Array's real‐time‐analysis pipeline has been parallelised using SSE, POSIX Threads and CUDA. Because of the observatory's constraints, the online analysis has to be conducted on site, on hardware located at the telescopes, and compels a search for efficient computing solutions to handle the huge amount of measured data. This work is framed in a series of studies which benchmark several algorithms of the real‐time‐analysis pipeline on different architectures to gain an insight into the suitability and performance of each platform.
1,1′‐Bis(thymine)ferrocene Nucleoside: Synthesis and Study of Its Stereoselective Formation
Authors: Anisimov Iurii , Saloman Sebastian , Hildebrandt Alexander , Lang Heinrich , Trzybiński Damian , Woźniak Krzysztof , Šakić Davor , Vrček Valerije , Kowalski Konrad 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of 1,1′‐bis(thymine)ferrocene nucleoside is reported. This nucleoside was obtained in a two‐step synthetic methodology including a Michael addition reaction of 1,1′‐bis(3‐chloropropionyl)ferrocene with thymine to afford the bis(thymine) adduct in 44 % yield. In the second step, the two prochiral carbonyl functionalities in the Michael adduct were reduced to hydroxyl groups with sodium borohydride. This apparently straightforward reaction proceeds in a highly stereoselective fashion to yield the title ferrocenyl nucleoside as a racemic mixture that consists of the R,R and the S,S isomers. The absolute configuration of the chiral carbon atoms in the nucleoside was assigned on the basis of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis of the methyl derivative. Furthermore, the mechanism of reduction of the bis(thymine) adduct was investigated by using DFT calculations. The two critical minima, pre‐reactive complex, and semi‐reduced intermediate, as well as two corresponding transition states were located to support the observed stereoselectivity. The redox properties of 1,1′‐bis(thymine)ferrocene nucleoside, its precursor, and congeners were investigated using cyclic voltammetry. For the title compound a reversible redox process was found at a low potential of −30 mV versus FcH/FcH+ (FcH=Fe(η5‐C5H5)2) as the reference redox couple.
Fish kairomones induce spine elongation and reduce predation in marine crab larvae
Authors: Charpentier Corie L. , Wright Alexander J. , Cohen Jonathan H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSpecialized defense strategies are induced in zooplankton upon detection of predator chemical cues or kairomones. These defenses are well‐described for freshwater zooplankters, with morphological defenses being particularly striking, but few studies have reported kairomone‐induced morphological defenses in marine zooplankton. Here, we compare morphological responses to kairomones in the larvae of two marine crab species, estuarine mud crabs (Rhithropanopeus harrisii) and Asian shore crabs (Hemigrapsus sanguineus). When reared in the presence of fish kairomones, spine length increased by 2–3% in larval R. harrisii, while no morphological changes were identified in H. sanguineus. In subsequent feeding assays with a co‐occurring fish predator (Atlantic silversides, Menidia menidia), consumption of R. harrisii was lower on larvae that had been reared with kairomones. In addition, we found that broods with smaller larvae are more likely to exhibit increases in spine length after kairomone exposure. Hence, the observed morphological response is likely influenced by larval size.
One‐Step Direct Synthesis of SiO2–TiO2 Composite Nanoparticle Assemblies with Hollow Spherical Morphology
Authors: Nguyen Hien Thi Thu , Habu Teppei , Ohtani Masataka , Kobiro Kazuya 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Kazuya Kobiro from Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan. The cover image shows the one‐pot and one‐step synthesis of SiO2–TiO2 composite nanoparticle assemblies with hollow spherical morphology.
Predominant period and equivalent viscous damping ratio identification for a full‐scale building shake table test
Authors: Chen Michelle C. , Astroza Rodrigo , Restrepo José I. , Conte Joel P. , Hutchinson Tara , Bock Yehuda 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe predominant period and corresponding equivalent viscous damping ratio, also known in various loading codes as effective period and effective damping coefficient, are two important parameters employed in the seismic design of base‐isolated and conventional building structures. Accurate determination of these two parameters can reduce the uncertainty in the computation of lateral displacement demands and interstory drifts for a given seismic design spectrum. This paper estimates these two parameters from data sets recorded from a full‐scale five‐story reinforced concrete building subjected to seismic base excitations of various intensities in base‐isolated and fixed‐base configurations on the outdoor shake table at the University of California, San Diego. The scope of this paper includes all test motions in which the yielding of the reinforcement has not occurred and the response can still be considered ‘elastic’. The data sets are used with three system identification methods to determine the predominant period of response for each of the test configurations. One of the methods also determines the equivalent viscous damping ratio corresponding to the predominant period. It was found that the predominant period of the fixed‐base building lengthened from 0.52 to 1.30 s. This corresponded to a significant reduction in effective system stiffness to about 16% of the original stiffness. The paper then establishes a correlation between predominant period and peak ground velocity. Finally, the predominant periods and equivalent viscous damping ratios recommended by the ASCE 7‐10 loading standard are compared with those determined from the test building. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regional watershed characterization and classification with river network analyses
Authors: Gaucherel Cédric , Frelat Romain , Salomon Ludovic , Rouy Bastien , Pandey Neha , Cudennec Christophe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn order to understand and manage a hydrological region, one usually needs to comprehensively characterize the watersheds (basins) and their river networks. This usually and primarily involves analysis of hydrological and geomorphological properties of the watershed derived from the digital terrain model (DTM), but this approach neglects the information content of the associated river networks. In this study, we used a combination of traditional DTM and original river network‐related indices to the watersheds of an understudied region, Haiti. We also used Monte Carlo simulations to estimate index confidence levels of these indices. Compared to commonly used indices, the network indices provided valuable information that could then be used in statistical analyses as a way to identify the dominant features of the country's watershed morphology.On this basis, we identified four watershed groups in Haiti: (i) high, elongated watersheds, (ii) lowlands, with sinuous networks and relatively slow runoff, (iii) high watersheds with dendritic networks, and (iv) lowlands with high downstream–upstream contrast in properties and rapid runoffs. We argue that river network features provide complementary information in terms of flow topology, highly relevant to characterize contrasting relief countries, such as Haiti. Hence, more exhaustive characterization of watersheds would predictably benefit from the approach outlined in this paper. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.