bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Effect of Sodium Hyaluronate (Ophthalin®) and Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC-Ophtal®) on Corneal Endothelium, Central Corneal Thickness, and Intraocular Pressure after Phacoemulsification
Authors: Ray-Chaudhuri N. , Voros G.M. , Sutherland S. , Figueiredo F.C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To prospectively evaluate the effects of 2% hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC-Ophtal®) and sodium hyaluronate 1% (Ophthalin®) on intraocular pressure, corneal thickness, and endothelial cell loss in small incision cataract surgery with implant. METHODS. A total of 110 patients undergoing routine phacoemulsification with implant received either 2% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose or sodium hyaluronate 1% as ophthalmic viscosurgical device. Pre- and postoperative slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure measurement (preoperatively and at 1–4 hours, 1 day, and 7 days postoperatively), ultrasonic pachymetry (preoperatively and at 1 week, 4–6 weeks, and 12 weeks postoperatively), and corneal endothelial cell count (preoperatively and 12 weeks postoperatively) were performed. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance. Results All measurements were comparable between the two groups preoperatively. Intraocular pressure was significantly lower in the Ophthalin® group at 1 day postoperatively, while no significant difference was found between the two groups on the 1–4 hours and 7 days examination. The central corneal thickness was not significantly different between the two groups at any postoperative visit. However, the mean cell density demonstrated a significant fall of 11.76% for Ophthalin® and 4.27% for HPMC-Ophtal® at 12 weeks postoperatively, the difference between the two being significant (p=0.009). Conclusions 2% Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, compared with sodium hyaluronate 1%, is superior in protecting the corneal endothelial cells, has the same effect on central corneal thickness, and is associated with slightly higher intraocular pressure 1 day postoperatively. It compares favorably with sodium hyaluronate 1% and can be used as an effective and cheaper alternative in routine small incision cataract surgery with implant.
Diagnostic Accuracy and Reproducibility of Tendency Oriented Perimetry in Glaucoma
Authors: De La Rosa M. Gonzalez , Gonzalez-Hernandez M. , Feijoo J. Garcia , Morales J. , Azuara-Blanco A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic capability of tendency oriented perimetry (TOP) in glaucoma. Methods A): The diagnostic accuracy of mean defect (MD), square-root of the loss variance (sLV), and number of pathologic points (NPP) was calculated in 295 normal and 414 glaucoma eyes (179 early, 112 moderate, and 123 advanced) examined with TOP. B): Threshold fluctuation (F) and its relationship with the loss variance (LV) was measured in 34 normal and 33 glaucoma eyes (mean MD=3 dB; SD=3.9) for TOP and for full-threshold perimetry (FT). C): Twenty-eight eyes with stable glaucoma (mean MD=9.5 dB; SD=7.2) were examined six times to quantify LV error. D): TOP and FT were tested with the simulation program PeriSim using different behavior models. Results A): The best diagnostic index in early glaucoma (MD<6dB) was sLV(specificity=90.2%, sensitivity=84.9). The three indices had similar precision in moderate and severe glaucoma. B): Threshold fluctuation and sLV were better correlated in TOP (r=0.72, p<0.01) than in FT (r=0.62, p<0.01). For normal subjects, in FT the incidence of F<2 dB was 8.82% and sLV<1.5 dB 5.88%. The same frequencies in TOP were 67.65% and 55.88%. C): Averaging six examinations reduced the sLV value by 22%. D): The threshold estimation error increased 1 dB in TOP in relation to FT for the same patient's behavior, but the error in TOP was lower than in FT when the worst behavior was modeled. Conclusions TOP is a good discriminator between glaucoma and normality. Perimetry results overestimate the real sLV value. TOP's high diagnostic ability is probably associated to the algorithm design and to less contaminating influences during the examination.
Surgical Results of Combined Pars Plana Vitrectomy, Phacoemulsification, and Intraocular Lens Implantation for various Vitreoretinal Diseases
Authors: Mochizuki Y. , Kubota T. , Hata Y. , Miyazaki M. , Suyama Y. , Enaida H. , Ueno A. , Ishibashi T. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the results and complications of combined pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), phacoemulsification and aspiration (PEA), and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Methods A total of 117 eyes from 114 patients who had undergone PPV combined with PEA and IOL implantation were retrospectively analyzed. Combined surgery was performed for a wide variety of vitreoretinal diseases. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were also reviewed. Results The postoperative BCVA improved by 2 lines or more in 85 eyes (72.6%). Intraoperative complications consisted of retinal tears in 14 eyes (12.0%) and posterior capsular rupture in 2 eyes (1.7%). Iatrogenic retinal tears occurred more frequently in eyes with a macular hole than in eyes with any other disease (p=0.005, chi-square test). Postoperative complications consisted of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) (21 eyes), transient IOP elevation (29 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage (6 eyes), anterior chamber fibrin exudation (11 eyes), posterior iris synechia (8 eyes), neovascular glaucoma (1 eye), and recurrent retinal detachment (RD) (2 eyes). Fibrin exudation occurred more frequently in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and RD than in eyes with any other disease (p=0.03, chi-square test). PCO occurred more frequently in eyes with PDR than in eyes with any other disease (p=0.03, chi-square test). Conclusions The present study suggests that a high success rate can be achieved when recently improved PPV techniques are combined with PEA and IOL implantation. The complications that were observed following this combined treatment varied with respect to the vitreoretinal disease present prior to surgery.
Rufloxacin Eyedrops: Effect of Different Formulations on Ocular Pharmacokinetics in Rabbits
Authors: Burgalassi S. , Cappello B. , Chetoni P. , Iervolino M. , Monti D. , Saettone M.F. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the aqueous humor pharmacokinetics of rufloxacin in rabbits after topical administration of different formulations, and to individuate the ones showing the best pharmacokinetic profile. Methods Six formulations were instilled in rabbit eyes: two pH 7.2 suspensions of non-salified rufloxacin base, or zwitterion (RUF), one of which was viscosized with tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP); two pH 7.2 solutions of RUF obtained using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD), one of which was viscosized with TSP; and two pH 5.0 solutions of rufloxacin hydrochloride (RUF-HCI), one of which was viscosized with TSP. At different times after administration, samples of aqueous humor were withdrawn and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of RUF in the aqueous humor produced by the different formulations were calculated and statistical differences were assessed. Results The best results, in terms of aqueous humor bioavailability, were observed with two TSP-viscosized formulations: a solution of the hydrochloride (TSP/RUF-HCI) and a suspension of the base (TSP/RUF), followed by the non-viscosized solution of RUF-HCI. The formulations containing CD-solubilized RUF were much less effective. Conclusions The present data confirm the significant availability-enhancing properties of tamarind seed polysaccharide, and indicate that solubilization of RUF with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD/RUF) results in decreased drug availability with respect to standard formulations. Two of the TSP-viscosized formulations (RUF suspension and RUF-HCI solution) produced aqueous humor RUF concentrations in the range of activity against Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, thus warranting further studies on applications of rufloxacin in ocular therapy.
Occurrence of Full-Thickness Macular Hole Complicating Stargardt Disease with ABCR Mutation
Authors: Sodi A. , Bini A. , Passerini I. , Menchini U. , Torricelli F. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report an unusual episode of full-thickness macular hole complicating Stargardt disease with an ABCR mutation. Methods Case report. Results Fundus examination of a 20-year-old healthy man showed typical fundus manifestation with yellowish-round or fish-like flecks associated with vitreous macular adhesion and a round punched-out area in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) illustrated a full-thickness macular hole. Molecular genetic examination of the ABCR gene showed two heterozygous missense mutations: R1108C (CGC→TGC) in exon 22 and a splicing mutation IVS6-→1GT – described in the literature in association with Stargardt disease. Conclusions Macular hole was once described in other inherited retinal degenerations (Best disease and Bietti crystalline retinopathy). The pathogenesis gives rise to a host of speculations: widespread alteration of the retinal pigment epithelium; inflammatory mechanisms; a minor trauma which might cause subretinal fibrosis. Surgical procedures were not performed on our patient after his ophthalmologic history and findings were considered.
Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion
Authors: Karacorlu M. , Ozdemir H. , Karacorlu S. Arf 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in a 35-year-old man with acute inferior branch retinal artery occlusion. Methods OCT findings in acute branch retinal artery occlusion were evaluated. Results OCT disclosed diffuse thickening of the neurosensory retina in the inferior perifoveolar area. Increased reflectivity was noted in the inner retinal layers from the surface of the retina to the photoreceptor layers. Decreased reflectivity was observed from the photoreceptor layers and the retinal pigment epithelium secondary to the shadowing effect. Foveolar depression, photoreceptor layer in the fovea, and retinal pigment epithelium underneath the fovea were normal. OCT findings in the superior perifoveolar area were also normal. Conclusions In retinal artery occlusion, denaturation and breakdown of the normally transparent intracellular protein and an increase in the intracellular fluid cause ischemic whitening of the retina. Otherwise there is no retinal thickening secondary to the accumulation of serous fluid escaping from retinal capillaries into the extracellular space. The OCT findings support these descriptions.
Effects of Antiglaucoma Drugs GLC756, a Novel Dopamine D2 Agonist and D1 Antagonist, and Timolol on Endotoxin-Induced TNF-Alpha Release in Serum of Rats
Authors: Laengle U.W. , Markstein R. , Schneider V. , Roman D. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Anti-inflammatory activity of an antiglaucoma drug may be an advantage for long-term treatment of glaucoma since it may reduce the risk of treatment-related inflammatory processes in outer compartments of the eye and probably also prevent or delay progression of glaucomatous retinal neurodegeneration. In this study, the effect of GLC756, a novel mixed dopamine D2 receptor agonist and dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, and timolol on endotoxin-induced cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release in serum was examined. Methods For endotoxin-induced TNF-α release, 8-week-old Lewis rats were intravenously injected with 160 μg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Salmonella typhimurium. GLC756, timolol, or betamethasone were either systemically (1 mg/kg SC for 5 days) or topically (0.4%, 0.5%, and 0.1%, respectively, 20 μL eye drops given 16 times over 48 hours in left and right eye) administered. TNF-α was measured in serum 2 and 48 hours after LPS induction. Results A marked TNF-α increase in serum was found 2 hours after LPS induction. Administration of GLC756 and betamethasone, systemically and topically, decreased TNF-α release. However, due to large scattering of mean values only the effect of systemically administered GLC756 was statistically significant. In contrast, timolol increased TNF-α values stronger than LPS alone. Conclusions The significant suppression of LPS-induced TNF-α increase by GLC756 suggests an additional anti-inflammatory potential of the dopaminergic compound in the treatment of glaucoma.
In vivo Detection of Monosomy 3 in Eyes with Medium-Sized Uveal Melanoma using Transscleral Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy
Authors: Midena E. , Bonaldi L. , Parrozzani R. , Tebaldi E. , Boccassini B. , Vujosevic S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Cytogenetic prognostication of choroidal melanoma, particularly monosomy 3 detections, is limited to enucleated eyes or resected tumors. The authors developed an in vivo technique to detect monosomy 3 using transscleral fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Methods Eight eyes with medium-sized choroidal melanoma were included in this prospective study. A 25-gauge transscleral FNAB was performed during surgical procedure for brachytherapy, just before applying the radioactive plaque over the tumor base. Sampled material underwent fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with centromeric probes for chromosome 3. Follow-up was >12 months. Results Transscleral FNAB yielded sufficient material in 7 of 8 eyes (87.5 %). Five of seven eyes had monosomy 3. No early or late complications were detected. Conclusions This study demonstrates that medium choroidal melanomas may be safely sampled by intraoperative transscleral FNAB to detect monosomy 3 in vivo.
Triamcinolone and PDT to Treat Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Submacular Hemorrhage
Authors: Ruiz-Moreno J.M. , Montero J.A , Barile S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin and intravitreal injection of triamcinolone to treat choroidal neovascularization (CNV) with flat submacular hemorrhage in age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Methods A prospective, consecutive, noncomparative, interventional case series study was performed at the Instituto Oftalmologico de Alicante, Spain. Ten consecutive eyes from 10 patients with flat submacular hemorrhage secondary to ARMD were treated by PDT followed by intravitreal injection of 19.4±2.1 mg/0.1 mL triamcinolone 5 days later. PDT was repeated if leakage from the CNV appeared on fluorescein angiography (FA) at 3 months follow-up intervals. Main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after treatment, post-treatment FA, results, and complications. Results Stable or improved BCVA was achieved in seven eyes at 6 months follow-up. Complete absence of leakage in FA was observed in five and in eight eyes at 3 and 6 months follow-up, respectively. Intraocular pressure rose in seven eyes. Conclusions PDT followed by intravitreal triamcinolone seems useful to treat CNV with flat submacular hemorrhage in ARMD. However, further studies with longer follow-up and randomized controlled trials are necessary to assess its efficacy in the management of this difficult clinical problem.
Computer-Assisted Image-Guided Orbit Surgery
Authors: Karcioglu Z.A. , Mascott C.R. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Modern stereotaxy utilizes preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide accurate localization information which can be very helpful in orbital surgery. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the usefulness of stereotactic surgery and application of this procedure in the orbit. Methods Interventional case series of three patients with orbital tumors. All patients had tumor resection with the utilization of two frameless stereotactic systems: Cygnus™ and Stealth Station™. Results The applications of image-guided stereotactic surgery proved to be beneficial in three extensive orbital tumors, including optic nerve glioma, recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of lacrimal gland, and secondary orbital meningioma. Conclusions The interactive nature of image guidance can be useful in orbital surgery to orient the surgeon to the exact location within the surgical field and to determine the tumor margins.
Orbital Metastasis from Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus
Authors: Aralikatti D.A. , Nylander A.G.E. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe a rare case of orbital metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Methods A 63-year-old man presented with intermittent left-sided headache. This was initially attributed to angle-closure glaucoma and bilateral peripheral laser iridotomies were performed. One month later, he developed left periorbital swelling. On reviewing the history, it was noted that he had undergone surgery for esophageal carcinoma. CT scan revealed a soft tissue mass in the left orbit, which on biopsy showed histologic features of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. The patient died before palliative radiotherapy could be completed. Discussion Orbital metastasis from esophageal carcinoma is rare. In this case, the possibility of metastasis was overlooked at initial presentation, as there were no clinical signs to suggest it. Regardless of the primary tumor, the prognosis following orbital metastasis is poor. Conclusions It is important to consider radiologic investigation when patients with systemic malignancy present with unexplained headache.
Endoscopically assisted Balloon Dacryocystoplasty and Silicone Intubation versus Silicone Intubation Alone in Adults with Incomplete Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Kashkouli M.B. , Beigi B. , Tarassoly K. , Kempster R.C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the success rate of endoscopically assisted balloon daciyocystoplasty (DCP) and silicone intubation (DCP-SI) with endoscopically assisted silicone intubation alone (SI) in adults with incomplete nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction. Methods In a retrospective nonrandomized comparative case series, 62 eyes of 55 adult patients with incomplete NLD obstruction underwent endoscopic probing and either SI (n=39 eyes) or DCP-SI (n=23 eyes) under general anesthesia. The last follow-up examination included diagnostic probing and irrigation if there was not success. Success was defined as disappearance of the symptoms and failure as partial improvement or absence of improvement at last follow-up. Results Patients ranged from 20 to 85 years of age (mean: 60.93, SD: 15.60). Tubes were removed between 6 and 20 weeks (mean: 7.49, SD: 2.25) postoperatively. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 63 months (mean: 14.60, SD: 10.33). Success rate of the eyes with SI (21/39, 53.84%) and DCP-SI (14/23, 60.86%) were not statistically different (p=0.60). Complications included slight nasal and canalicular bleeding in almost all eyes in both groups which was easily controlled, slit punctum in four eyes with bicanalicular intubation (4/50, 8%), and monocanalicular tube lost in three eyes prematurely. Conclusions Success rate of endoscopic DCP-SI had no statistically significant difference from silicone intubation alone in treatment of incomplete NLD obstruction in adults.
Homocysteine Levels in Plasma and Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome
Authors: Ozkan B. Aydoğan , Yüksel N. , Keskin G. , Altintaş Ö. , Karabaş V.L. , Çağlar Y. , Almaç A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To determine the incidence and severity of hearing loss in different frequencies in patients with Pseudoexfoliation. Furthermore, possible links between homocysteine and Pseudoexfoliation were evaluated. Methods Seventy-five consecutive patients with Pseudoexfoliation and 75 sex- and age-matched subjects without Pseudoexfoliation as control group were included in this prospective case-control study. Pure-tone audiometry was obtained in all subjects in both groups. Blood samples were obtained from 70 patients with Pseudoexfoliation after overnight fasting for levels of homocysteine and analyzed by routine laboratory measurements. Results Fifty-two (69%) patients with Pseudoexfoliation and 39 (52%) controls had sensorineural hearing loss in speech frequencies. The difference between Pseudoexfoliation and control group with regard to the frequency of sensorineural hearing loss in speech frequencies was statistically significant (p=0.03). No relationship was found between the degree of glaucomatous damage and hearing threshold variables in the patients with Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Plasma homocysteine levels showed no significant difference when patients with Pseudoexfoliation and hearing loss were compared with patients with Pseudoexfoliation and normal hearing threshold (p=0.5). Hyperhomocysteinemia was found in 58% (29/50) of Pseudoexfoliation patients with hearing loss, and 55 % (11/20) of Pseudoexfoliation patients with normal hearing threshold (p=0.8). No statistically significant correlation was found between plasma homocysteine and hearing loss in patients with Pseudoexfoliation. Conclusions These findings suggest an association between sensorineural hearing loss and Pseudoexfoliation in patients with Pseudoexfoliation and glaucoma. The severity of hearing loss was not correlated with the degree of glaucomatous damage. There is no association between increased homocysteine levels and hearing loss in patients with Pseudoexfoliation.
Levels of Zinc, Iron, and Copper in Patients with Pseudoexfoliative Cataract
Authors: Cumurcu T. , Mendil D. , Etikan I. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate the aqueous humor, lens, and serum concentrations of zinc, iron, and copper in patients with pseudoexfoliative cataract and compare with patients who have senile cataract without Pseudoexfoliation. Methods Twenty-five patients with pseudoexfoliative cataract and 25 patients with senile cataract as control group were enrolled in the study. Samples from aqueous humor, serum, and lens materials during extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) were collected from all patients. The levels of selected trace elements in three samples in all groups were assayed with atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and statistical analyses were performed with t-test for independent samples except lens zinc and serum copper levels. The data weren't normally distributed, therefore Mann-Whitney U tesf applied for these parameters. Results The zinc and copper levels in aqueous humor of PEX group were significantly higher than those of control group (p<0.001). The iron levels in aqueous humor were not significantly different in PEX group and control group (p=0.252). The copper content of lenses was significantly increased in PEX group compared to control group (p=0.029). The iron and zinc content of lenses had no significant differences between the two groups (p=0.248, p=0.719, respectively). The levels of iron and copper in serum were significantly increased in PEX group compared to control group (p<0.001 and p<0.002, respectively). The zinc level in serum had no significant differences between the two groups (p=0.823, p=0.472, respectively). Conclusions Zinc, iron, and especially copper may play a role in PEX syndrome.