bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Privacy protected graphical functionality in DataSHIELD
Authors: Avraam Demetris , Gaye Amadou , Isaeva Julia , Burton Thomas , Wilson Rebecca , Turner Andrew , Burton Paul 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesIn several disciplines such as in biomedicine and social sciences the analysis of individual-level data or the co-analysis of data from different studies requires the pooling and the sharing of those data. However, sharing and combining sensitive individual-level data is often prohibited by ethico-legal constraints and other barriers such as the control maintenance and the huge sample sizes. The graphical illustration of microdata is also often forbidden as can potentially be unsecured on the identification of sensitive information. For example the plot of a standard scatterplot is disclosive as can explicitly specify the exact values of two measurements for each single individual.
ApproachDataSHIELD (www.datashield.ac.uk) is a novel approach that allows the analysis of sensitive individual-level data and the co-analysis of such data from several studies simultaneously without physically pooling the data.
ResultsDataSHIELD functionality consists of several functions that provide the flexibility of performing data analysis through different statistical techniques. A part of this environment includes a number of graphical-related functions for the graphical illustration of the statistical properties and relationships between different variables. We overview the graphical functions in DataSHIELD (ds.histogram, ds.heatmapPlot, ds.contourPlot) and demonstrate a number of new functions including ds.scatterPlot and ds.boxPlot developed based on the application of different computational approaches like the k-Nearest Neighbours algorithm and ensuring privacy protected analysis.
ConclusionDataSHIELD graphical functionality has certain methodological features for the representation of the relationships between different variables preserving their statistical properties and assuring the data privacy protection. These graphical approaches can be used or enhanced for application in various areas where confidentiality and information sensitivity is considered, for example in longitudinal data and survival analysis, in epidemiological studies, in geospatial analysis and several others.
A new R-based statistical software package for fitting multivariate generalized linear mixed models to large and complex datasets
Authors: Berridge Damon , Crouchley Robert , Grose Daniel 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo demonstrate the efficiency and efficacy of the new freeware MGLMM in the statistical modelling of large and complex datasets.
ApproachThe new R-based software MGLMM (shortly to become available on the CRAN website https://cran.r-project.org/) can be used to fit a range of different multivariate generalized linear mixed models, thereby permitting a better representation of the multivariate nature of many complex socio-economic processes which may involve a range of different response types. The software MGLMM will also set records for the time taken to fit these complex models to large sets of data. The efficiency and efficacy of this new software will be demonstrated by way of a number of applications.
One such example will come from the STAR Project in which pupils were followed from kindergarten in 1985 (aged 5) to 1989 (third grade, aged 8). The pupils were assessed on their ability in both mathematics and English on an annual basis between 1985 and 1989. At the end of the kindergarten year, some of the students were reallocated to different class sizes in order ‘to achieve sexual and racial balance and to separate incompatible children’. In the fourth grade, the pupils returned to regular classes and the experiment ended.
We can regard the two score variables ‘Maths’ and ‘English’ as constituting repeated, correlated, bivariate continuous data. We will use the new package MGLMM to apply a series of bivariate normal mixed models with correlated random effects. These models will allow us to distinguish the role of prior attainment in mathematics and English on current attainment in mathematics and English in an experimental setting, for pupils in small and regular class sizes. The models will permit an examination of the effect of class size on this bivariate response, whilst controlling for a set of individual-level confounding factors such as gender and age.
ResultsWe will present the results of these analyses, thereby demonstrating the efficacy of MGLMM. We will also compare the performance of the new software with existing packages such as Stata.
ConclusionsWe will have demonstrated the gain in efficiency through the use of MGLMM, compared to other standard software packages, in the statistical modelling of large and complex datasets.
Identification and validation of myocardial infarction and stroke outcomes at scale in UK Biobank
Authors: Schnier Christian , Denaxas Spiros , Eggo Rosalind , Patel Riyaz , Zhang Qiuli , Woodfield Rebecca , Flaig Robin , Hemingway Harry , Sudlow Cathie 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
AimsWe aimed (i) to create algorithms for identifying stroke and acute myocardial infarction (MI) cases in a large prospective population-based study (UK Biobank), using linked data from national hospital admissions data and death registers, combined with self-report data from the baseline assessment; and (ii) to assess validity by examining associations with risk factors and mortality.MethodsUK Biobank is a prospective study of 503,000 participants, aged 40-69 years when recruited in 2006-2010 from centres across England, Scotland and Wales. Participants provided extensive questionnaire data on lifestyle, environment and medical history (with confirmation of self-reported medical conditions during a brief interview with a trained research nurse), had physical measures, and provided biological samples. Follow-up is principally through linkages to national health-related datasets, integrated from different data providers for each country and including cohort-wide data for ICD-coded hospital admissions and registered deaths, with follow-up to 2011 for this report. We used expert opinion and systematic reviews to identify baseline self-report items and ICD codes maximising positive predictive value for identification of stroke, MI and their subtypes. We classified participants with at least one relevant code as being first affected either before (prevalent cases) or after recruitment (incident cases). We compared cases with non-cases (controls) using logistic regression (prevalent cases) and survival analysis (incident cases) to examine associations with vascular risk factors, defined using data from the baseline assessment. We used survival analysis to compare vascular, non-vascular and all-cause mortality for cases versus controls post recruitment (prevalent cases) and post hospitalization (incident cases).ResultsWe identified 8654 stroke cases and 13,479 MI cases. 90% of both were prevalent at recruitment, of which 29% (stroke) and 54% (MI) were identified through both research nurse-confirmed self-report and hospital admission records. During ≈1 million person years of follow-up in those without a prevalent record, we identified 871 incident strokes and 1387 incident MIs, of which 8% (stroke) and 2.9% (MI) were identified in both hospital and death records. Male sex, low socio-economic status, smoking and increased body mass index were all positively associated with both stroke and MI. Compared with age and sex-matched controls, mortality for stroke and MI cases was increased both after recruitment (prevalent cases) and after hospitalization (incident cases).ConclusionInformation from linked coded datasets from different data providers can be combined with information collected at recruitment to identify and validate prevalent and incident acute MI and stroke.
Linking education and health data to examine the characteristics of children prescribed antipsychotic medication.
Authors: Brophy Sinead , Kennedy Jonathan , Fernandez-Gutierrez Fabiola , John Ann , Potter Robert , Christine Linehan , Kerr Michael 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo examine the characteristics of children who are prescribed antipsychotic medication.
ApproachA cohort study using routine data from general practitioner and hospital records linked with education records. All children in Wales between the years 1999 to 2014 were included in the analysis, demographic characteristics and outcomes of children were stratified by intellectual disability/autism (identified using education records and GP records) and antipsychotic use. All data were linked and held in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank in Wales
ResultsOf children with intellectual disability 2.4 % (360/14428) have been prescribed an antipsychotic and 75 % of these have a diagnosis of autism. This compares with 0.19% (1126/602320) of children without intellectual disability who are prescribed an antipsychotic. Children, predominantly boys (78.1% (281/360) of those with intellectual disability prescribed an antipsychotic were boys compared to 67.12% (9442/14068) of those not prescribed antipsychotics), with aggression codes (17.5% of those on an antipsychotic had aggression codes compared to 1.36% of those without antipsychotic) were more likely to be prescribed antipsychotics. Those with intellectual disabilities were prescribed antipsychotics at a younger age (58 % of those with intellectual disability started the drug before the age of 14 compared to 29 % of those without intellectual disability) but were less likely to be from a deprived area compared to those prescribed antipsychotics but without intellectual disability/autism (22.5 % and 28.4 %, were in the lowest fifth of deprivation, intellectual disability and non- intellectual disability, respectively). Antipsychotic use was associated with more visits to the GP for epilepsy, diabetes and injury (post drug compared to prior to drug) and higher deaths in childhood (compared to those not give antipsychotics).
ConclusionsThe linkage of the education records allowed intellectual disability to be used as an explanatory factor in analysis looking at drug prescriptions. The majority of children prescribed antipsychotics do not have psychotic or mental disorder diagnosis codes but have a diagnosis of behavioural problems, attend special schools and have intellectual difficulties. In the group with intellectual disability/autism there is evidence that the use of antipsychotics may be associated with more visits to the GP for epilepsy, diabetes, injury (post drug compared to prior to drug) and is associated with more deaths in childhood. These findings support concerns that antipsychotics may be over used for managing predominately behavioural problems.
ICD-11: towards better capture of quality and safety events in hospital
Authors: Southern Danielle , Quan Hude , Ghali William 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
BackgroundThe Quality and Patient Safety TAG (Q&S TAG) is charged with reviewing ICD-10, ICD-10CM and progressive drafts of ICD-11 to inform the development of the ICD-11, focusing on identifying practical modifications for ICD 11 drafts that would enable better measurement of quality and safety. ApproachThe tasks of the Q&S TAG include: Horizontally crossing all ICD-11 chapters to advise on optimizing the entire classification’s content, structure and coding rules for enhanced application in both existing; Developing an inventory of existing quality of care and patient safety indicators and potentially novel quality and safety indicators; Assessing potential uses of ICD-11 for health services, quality and patient-centered outcomes research; Reviewing and critiquing the ICD-11 beta draft from the perspective of the quality and safety use case; Reviewing and critiquing Volume II work from the perspective of quality and safety use case and Designing field trials for the beta version of ICD-11. The Q&S TAG has held meetings in both New York, NY and Washington, D.C. where members have reviewed the status of discussions around coding rules (main condition, diagnosis timing, coding field), Chapter 19&20 content and associated clustering mechanisms and presented these concepts in emails to WHO and prepared to undertake a granular review of the content in chapters 1-20 and devised a committee work plan to do this. ResultsSix manuscripts have come from meetings. The QS-TAG has also devised a matrix model for considering potential ICD-11 field trials. The matrix categorizes cross-tabulates topic areas (e.g., validity of coded concepts, completeness of capture of critical patient safety and quality concepts, reliability and feasibility of various coding rules, opinions of stakeholders on various issues) against the methodologies that would be used for the field trials (i.e., code-recode studies using real medical records, coding studies assessing completeness of capture of key safety/quality concepts, surveys of stakeholders, heuristic evaluations of ICD-11 on various user interfaces, etc). Q&S TAG has completed 2 field trials, with 2 more in development phases. ConclusionUltimately, an enhanced classification system will permit expanded use of coded health data for large-scale quality and safety surveillance in health care systems internationally.
Comparison of Risk Adjustment Methods in Patients with Liver Disease Using Electronic Medical Record
Authors: Xu Yuan , Lu Mingshan , Dixon Elijah , Myers Robert , Li Ning , Quan Hude 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveRisk adjustment methods are widely used to compare quality of care or predict health outcome, but the optimal approach is unclear for liver disease. This study is to compare the performance of common risk adjustment methods for predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with liver disease using Electronic Medical Record (EMR).
ApproachThe EMR data was derived from Beijing YouAn Hospital between 2010 and 2015. 85,526 EMRs were included. Previously developed and validated automated EMR case definitions were applied to define the conditions including primary liver cancer, cirrhosis and other conditions included in Charlson, Elixhauser comorbidity algorithms, Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD). Logistic regression was conducted and C-statistic was obtained to compare the performance of the different methods for predicting in-hospital mortality. To eliminate the effect of the model complexity on model performance, we compared Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) of different methods (smaller AIC is better).
ResultIn total, we included three liver diseases cohort: 7,178 Primary Liver Cancer (PLC) patients, 11,121 cirrhosis patients and 7,298 cirrhosis without PLC patient. For PLC cohort, C-statistics of these compared indexes ranged from 0.72 to 0.84; AIC was between 4312.3 and 5048.4. For cirrhosis cohort, C-statistics of these compared indexes ranged from 0.73 to 0.83; AIC was between 4952.1 and 5788.2. For cirrhosis without PLC cohort, C-statistics ranged from 0.73 to 0.84; AIC was between 2608.3 and 3240.5. It was consistent across the three cohorts that MELD + sodium (MELD_Na) score (a variant of MELD score) had the highest C-statistic and lowest AIC; CTP had the lowest C-statistic and highest AIC. Integrating Charlson Comorbidity to MELD_Na, C-statistic improved to 0.86 and AIC reduced.
ConclusionAmong the compared risk adjustment methods, MELD_Na performed best for predicting in-hospital mortality among patients with PLC or cirrhosis using Chinese EMRs. Adding clinical information to comorbidity algorithms improved the performance of the model.
The syntax of information structure and the PF interface
Authors: Szendrői Kriszta 
Published: April 2017

Focus movement to a left-peripheral position has been posited for both Hungarian and Italian. In this paper I argue against a unified cartographic treatment of focus movement, which analyses both as instances of movement to [Spec, Focus0]. I raise some theoretical issues for cartography, such as the proliferation of focus heads and the difficulties with accounting for optionality. Empirically, I show that a set of properties distinguish Hungarian and Italian left-peripheral focus movement suggesting a different syntactic analysis for the two constructions. Following Hamlaoui &amp; Szendrői’s (2015) proposal for the syntax-prosody mapping of clauses, I show that Hungarian focus movement is prosodically motivated in that it is movement targeting the position that main stress is assigned to in the prosody. I show how the same proposal extends to right-peripheral and string-medial focus in Italian and heavy NP shift in English. I discuss the typological predictions of the that it follows from the proposal that left-peripheral focus movement is always accompanied by verb movement, while right-peripheral focus movement will target a position lower than the surface position of the finite verb. Finally, I propose that Italian left-peripheral focus movement is motivated by contrastivity. This accounts for the different characteristics of the two constructions: (i) that Hungarian, but not Italian, focus movement is accompanied by the movement of the finite verb; (ii) that Hungarian left-peripheral focus is prosodically unmarked, while Italian left-peripheral focus comes with marked prosody; and (iii) that Hungarian focus movement is pragmatically unmarked, in the sense that it can answer a wh-question, while Italian focus movement is explicitly contrastive (or perhaps even mirative or corrective). This article is part of the special collection: What drives syntactic computation?
خصائص النتاج الفكري المنشور في
دليل دوريات الوصول الحر في مجال
علم المكتبات والمعلومات: دراسة
ببليومترية
Authors: Kerim Sabah , Al Hinali Aseela 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
ارتبط الوصول الحر ارتباطا وثيقا بالشبكة العالمية للمعلومات أو ما يسمى بالإنترنت، فمفهوم الوصول الحر هو النشر الإلكتروني للمعلومات مجانا. تصاعدت أهمية الوصول الحر نتيجة لتلك المشاكل التي واجهتها المكتبات أثناء اشتراكها بالدوريات الالكترونية؛ فقد عانت هذه المكتبات كثيرا من ارتفاع أسعار الاشتراك في هذه الدوريات التي غالبا ما تكون مقيدة برغبات وأهواء الناشرين، فكل ذلك أثقل كاهل المكتبات وقيد قدراتها المالية في توفير مختلف المعلومات العلمية لمختلف المستفيدين منها، الامر الذي أدى إلى قيام بعض
الجهات غير الربحية إلى إنشاء قواعد بيانات تتضمن بحوث المؤلفين وأعمالهم واتاحتها بالمجان لجمهور المستفيدين.
وبالرغم من الخصائص والمميزات المهمة التي اتسمت بها الدوريات الصادرة عن دليل دوريات الوصول الحر(DOAJ) والمتمثلة في الزيادة المتسارعة لعناوين هذه الدوريات ، وغزارة انتاجها المعرفي الشامل لمختلف التخصصات العلمية البالغ (1066733) مقالة وفي مختلف اللغات. اضافة إلى اعتمادها على أحدث تقنيات النشر واستخدامها لأساليب البحث الداخلي لمحتوياتها. ومع ذلك فإن الافادة منها كأحد مصادر المعلومات الموثوقة والمحكمة ما تزال ضعيفة؛ وذلك بسبب ضعف وعي الباحثين بهذا النمط من الدوريات وهذا ما أشارت إليه نتائج دراسة بوعزة (2007) أن هناك نسبة كبيرة من الباحثين في تونس وعمان غير مطلعين على مفهوم الوصول الحر خصوصا في الكليات الانسانية والاجتماعية.

وبذلك تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل دوريات الوصول الحر في مجال علم المكتبات والمعلومات
وصفيا: من خلال وصف الدوريات المتاحة في دليل دوريات الوصول الحر(DOAJ) من حيث تخصصاتها الموضوعية وأساليب البحث فيها، واللغات المنشورة بها، وأساليب النشر المستخدمة في نشر مقالاتها.
ببليومتريا: من خلال حساب معامل التأثير والكشاف الفوري ومنتصف عمر الاستشهاد. بالإضافة إلى تحليل الاستشهادات المرجعية من خلال حساب الاستشهاد الذاتي للدوريات و المؤلفين والموضوعات. كما سيتم تطبيق قانون برادفورد للتشتت وقانون لوتكا للإنتاجية العلمية.
Fire and life safety approach in green buildings
Authors: Mohamed Hend Maamoun 
Published: April 2017

This paper presents sustainable buildings from the perspective of fire and life safety.Sustainable buildings are high-performance buildings from an environmental perspective, which care for the occupant's welfare, comfort and health distinctly whose safety is equally important.Obviously, a building on fire threats the safety of the occupants and firefighters, and has a negative impact on the environment through the discharge of gaseous and particulate products of combustion into the atmosphere. Furthermore, the groundwater runoff from the water used to extinguish the fire contains toxic compounds and debris that may pollute the surrounding water bodies.Many buildings can be recycled at the end of their life cycle; however, if a building's life cycle ends in a fire, it will not be fit for reuse and may have to go to landfill. There is also an additional economic impact resulting from the direct loss of the building and its contents. Further indirect loss is caused by business interruption, job losses and disruption of services to the community. Accordingly, fire prevention can be considered “green” due to the natural resources saved by preventing a fire.So the question is “how sustainable is a building if it is not fire safe”?Some sustainability and energy efficiency practices can increase fire risk. For example, green roofs and photovoltaic panels can increase building energy efficiency but also increase the fire risk by providing more fuel unless there is a design approach to mitigate these effects.A building that is sustainable in the face of fire is one that minimizes not only the environmental impacts of fire, but also the economic and social impacts of fire.An integration design approach employed at an early stage of the design process increases the communication among the involved parties, leading to fewer conflicts between green building practices and fire safety, where the objectives of the fire safety design should be clearly defined. While the protection of life is the main objective of fire safety legislation, the financial impact of fire on a business as a result of direct property damage or lost production might also be important considerations. By pointing out the possible conflicts before construction has even began, there is time to make the necessary changes to the plans and avoid waste of time and money during the actual construction of the building.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dust from the indoor environment of Qatar
Authors: Kotb Mohamed M. , Alfoldy Balint , Yigiterhan Oguz , Elnaiem A. E. , Hassan Hassan M. , Obbard Jeffrey P. 
Published: April 2017

Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations in dust trapped on air conditioning unit filters operating in residential and workplace locations in Doha, Qatar were sampled and measured. Fourteen samples were collected and their PAH congener profile were quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the medians of ΣPAH16, which include seven carcinogenic components (ΣPAH7), were 214.7 ng g− 1 and 129.2 ng g− 1 of dust respectively for the residential samples, and 224.4 ng g− 1 and 137.9 ng g− 1 respectively for dust samples collected in an office workplace environment. Among all samples, benzo (b) fluoranthene (BBF) and benzo (a) pyrene (BAP) were the dominant congeners in both the residential and workplace samples, representing 18.2% and 16.9% of the ΣPAH16, respectively. Factors of correlation were calculated for various PAHs, and showed that lighter molecular weight PAHs have a significant positive correlation with heavier congeners within the residential samples, while workplace samples showed a negative correlation with BAP, Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene (IND), and Dibenz (a,h) anthracene (DBA). Benzo (a) pyrene equivalent (BAPe) was used to assess the risk of human exposure to PAH inhalation. BAPe estimates for residences sampled averaged 0.019 μg g− 1, with a maximum of 0.063 μg g− 1 of dust, while workplace estimates averaged at 0.056 μg g− 1 with a maximum of 0.148 μg g− 1. Source apportionment assessment indicated that most residential and workplace PAHs samples have a pyrogenic origin with few showing evidence of petrogenic origins. All quantified PAHs concentrations and estimated BAPe in Qatar indoor dust samples are well below reported values elsewhere in the world.