bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogenetic Differences in Swimming Behavior of Fish Exposed to the Harmful Dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides
Authors: Rountos Konstantine J. , Gobler Christopher J. , Pikitch Ellen K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBlooms of the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides present both lethal and sublethal threats to coastal marine organisms. Because prior studies of this harmful algal bloom (HAB) species have focused on its acute toxic effects on fish, there remains a limited understanding of the sublethal effects on the swimming behavior of fish when exposed to these blooms. We conducted a video‐based laboratory assessment of the effects of C. polykrikoides exposures on larval and juvenile fish swimming behavior. Juvenile and larval life stages of three forage species common to the U.S. East Coast were examined: wild Atlantic Silversides Menidia menidia, hatchery‐reared Inland Silversides M. beryllina, and hatchery‐reared Sheepshead Minnow Cyprinodon variegatus. Results showed that juvenile Atlantic Silversides and Inland Silversides exposed to C. polykrikoides concentrations of 102 cells/mL swam significantly further distances in comparison with their baseline (control) behavior. In an ecosystem context, the results of this research support field‐based studies demonstrating that when blooms of this HAB species are present, the relative abundance of fish declines (i.e., the fish presumably detect the blooms and swim away after exposure). Conversely, juvenile Sheepshead Minnow exhibited no increased swimming behavior when exposed, supporting previous studies indicating that this species is more resistant to C. polykrikoides toxicity. Importantly, no behavioral changes were found in experiments with larval conspecifics (i.e., Inland Silversides and Sheepshead Minnow), suggesting that younger life stages, which lack developed gills and olfactory systems, may be unable to detect the dinoflagellate. This clear ontogenetic difference implies that for certain fish species, reaching later life stages may provide a refuge to HAB toxicity.Received March 26, 2017; accepted June 5, 2017 Published online August 9.2017
The thyroid cancer epidemic, 2017 perspective
Authors: Roman Benjamin R. , Morris Luc G. , Davies Louise 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
Thyroid cancer incidence and mortality trends have been identified as being consistent with overdiagnosis, and several recent efforts have been made to mitigate this problem.

Recent findings
Major guidelines for thyroid nodule management recommend against general biopsy of nodules less than 1 cm in size. Data supporting the safety of active surveillance of low-risk thyroid cancers is now recognized. Tumors previously labeled as encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid cancers are now recommended to be called noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features.

Summary
Workup, diagnostic, and management of papillary thyroid cancer are changing rapidly to accommodate the recognition that many thyroid cancers are low risk and do not require aggressive, immediate intervention.
Communicating the benefits and risks of inflammatory bowel disease therapy to patients and families
Authors: Picoraro Joseph A. , Rosh Joel R. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
Treatment options for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have rapidly expanded as the treatment paradigm has shifted from controlling symptoms to reducing lifetime inflammatory burden. Families are confronted with the actual and perceived risks of this ever-expanding array of choices. We aim to review the shared decision-making process in pediatric IBD to ensure an optimal therapeutic plan for the child and their family.

Recent findings
Mucosal healing is a critical treatment target in pediatric IBD but it may not coincide with clinical symptoms. Evidence-based therapies carry important risks, some of which may be less severe than previously suspected, and a family's understanding of these risks plays a crucial role in how they make health decisions. To form an effective shared therapeutic plan, the physician must incorporate an understanding of the values of both the child and family along with their lived experience of illness.

Summary
To limit harm and promote health in pediatric IBD, the physician must communicate collaboratively with the child and their family to form mutually understood goals of care – both subjective experiential and objective biological – and appreciate actual and perceived risks of treatment options to effectively educate families and navigate toward the best treatment choices.

Video abstract

http://links.lww.com/MOP/A27
Versatile approach for functional analysis of human proteins and efficient stable cell line generation using FLP-mediated recombination system
Authors: Szczesny Roman J. , Kowalska Katarzyna , Klosowska-Kosicka Kamila , Chlebowski Aleksander , Owczarek Ewelina P. , Warkocki Zbigniew , Kulinski Tomasz M. , Adamska Dorota , Affek Kamila , Jedroszkowiak Agata , Kotrys Anna V. , Cysewski Dominik , Tomecki Rafał , Krawczyk Pawel S. , Borowski Lukasz S. , Dziembowski Andrzej 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTDeciphering a function of a given protein requires investigating various biological aspects. Usually, the protein of interest is expressed with a fusion tag that aids or allows subsequent analyses. Additionally, downregulation or inactivation of the studied gene enables functional studies. Development of the CRISPR/Cas9 methodology opened many possibilities but in many cases it is restricted to non-essential genes. It may also be time-consuming if a homozygote is needed. Recombinase-dependent gene integration methods, like the Flp-In system, are very good alternative. The system is widely used in different research areas, which calls for the existence of compatible vectors and efficient protocols that ensure straightforward DNA cloning and creation of stable cell lines. We have created and validated a robust series of 52 vectors for streamlined generation of stable mammalian cell lines using the FLP recombinase-based methodology. Using the sequence-independent DNA cloning method all constructs for a given coding-sequence can be made with just three universal PCR primers. The collection allows tetracycline-inducible expression of proteins with various tags suitable for protein localization, FRET, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), protein dynamics studies (FRAP), co-immunoprecipitation, the RNA tethering assay and cell sorting. Some of the vectors contain a bidirectional promoter for concomitant expression of miRNA and mRNA, so that a gene can be silenced and its product replaced by a mutated miRNA-insensitive version. We demonstrate the efficacy of our vectors by creating stable cell lines with various tagged proteins (numatrin, fibrillarin, coilin, centrin, THOC5, PCNA). We have analysed transgene expression over time to provide a guideline for future experiments and compared the utility of commonly used inducers of tetracycline-responsive promoters. We determined the protein interaction network of the exoribonuclease XRN2 and examined the role of the protein in transcription termination by RNAseq analysis of cells devoid of its ribonucleolytic activity. In total we created more than 500 DNA constructs which proves high efficiency of our strategy.
Facilitation between plants shapes pollination networks
Authors: Losapio Gianalberto , Fortuna Miguel A. , Bascompte Jordi , Schmid Bernhard , Michalet Richard , Neumeyer Rainer , Castro Leopoldo , Cerretti Pierfilippo , Germann Christoph , Haenni Jean-Paul , Klopfstein Seraina , Ortiz Javier , Pont Adrian C. , Rousse Pascal , Schmid Jürg , Sommaggio Daniele , Schöb Christian 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceAlthough it is known that plant–plant and plant–pollinator interactions can strongly influence biodiversity and its effects on ecosystem functioning, the details of how competition and facili-tation among plants scale up to mutualistic interactions with pollinators and thus affect pollina-tion networks are poorly understood. We introduce a simple experimental system in which we control local plant interactions, measure pollinator responses and characterize plant–pollinator networks. We find that facilitation among plants produces synergistic and antagonistic effects on the pollinator community affecting the architecture and robustness of plant–pollinator net-works. Our results provide evidence for bottom-up non-additive effects of plant interactions on pollination networks and have implications for the way we study and manage ecosystems.
Habitat diversification promotes environmental selection in planktonic prokaryotes and ecological drift in microbial eukaryotes
Authors: Logares Ramiro , Tesson Sylvie V. M. , Canbäck Björn , Pontarp Mikael , Hedlund Katarina , Rengefors Karin 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTWhether or not communities of microbial eukaryotes are structured in the same way as prokaryotes is a basic and poorly explored question in ecology. Here we investigated this question in a set of planktonic lake microbiotas in Eastern Antarctica that represent a natural community ecology experiment. Most of the analysed lakes emerged from the sea during the last 6,000 years, giving rise to waterbodies that originally contained marine microbiotas and that subsequently evolved into habitats ranging from freshwater to hypersaline. We show that habitat diversification has promoted environmental selection driven by a salinity gradient in prokaryotes and ecological drift in microeukaryotes. Nevertheless, we detected also a number of microeukaryotes with specific responses to salinity, indicating that albeit minor, environmental selection has had a role in the assembly of their communities. Altogether, we conclude that habitat diversification can promote contrasting responses in planktonic microeukaryotes and prokaryotes belonging to the same communities.
Episodic, Semantic, Pavlovian, and Procedural Cognitive Maps
Authors: Ribas Fernandes José J. F. , Holroyd Clay B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCurrent theories of planning associate the hippocampus with a cognitive map, a theoretical construct used to predict the consequences of actions. This formulation is problematic for two reasons: First, cognitive maps are traditionally conceptualized to generalize over individual episodes, which conflicts with evidence associating the hippocampus with episodic memory, and second, it fails to explain seemingly non-hippocampal forms of planning. Here we propose a novel theoretical framework that resolves these issues: each long-term memory system is a cognitive map, predicting consequences of actions based on its unique computational properties. It follows that hippocampal maps are episode-based and that semantic, procedural, and Pavlovian memories each implement a specialized map. We present evidence for each type of map from neuropsychology, neuroimaging and animal electrophysiology studies.
Tools of accountability: protecting microfinance clients in South Africa?
Authors: Marini Lisa , Andrew Jane , van der Laan Sandra 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the ways in which accountability is operationalised within the context of a South African microfinance institution (MFI). In particular, the authors consider the introduction of a tool to enhance consumer protection, the Client Protection Card (CPC), to deliver accountability within the case organisation. In contrast to prior research, the authors focus on accountability from the perspective of clients and fieldworkers.

Design/methodology/approach
A single in-depth case study of the introduction and implementation of a CPC in an MFI operating within South Africa was conducted. The case study and timing afforded an opportunity to gather unique data, given the MFI’s client-centred philosophy and the recent introduction of the CPC. The qualitative approach adopted for this research allowed collection of data through direct observations, interviews, a fieldwork diary and documentation. The theoretical framing for this paper views accountability as involving social practices, allowing us to foreground the existence of interdependencies among people interacting within the same organisation or system (Roberts, 1996).

Findings
The case study demonstrates that three aspects are critical to the success of the card: the design, which requires sensitivity to the local culture; the distribution, which demands for significant “sensemaking” work to be undertaken by fieldworkers; and the drivers for introducing the card, which need to be responsive to the clients’ perspective. The paper illustrates how well-intended tools of accountability can fail to deliver effectively, both for the organisation and the users, if they are not tailored appropriately to the needs of clients.

Originality/value
This paper differs from prior research as it explores the ways in which fieldworkers and MFI clients make sense of a tool of accountability, the CPC. Given that the CPC was designed to meet guidelines produced by international policymakers and domestic legislators, the paper provides a grassroots analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of such tools from the perspective of clients and fieldworkers. This local focus allows the authors to examine the ways in which mounting global expectations for increased accountability of MFIs are being operationalised in practice.
Impact of FOMC announcement on stock price index in Southeast Asian countries
Authors: Bao Trung Hoang , Mateus Cesario 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) announcements, which includes information about the targeted Federal fund rate and revision to the future path of monetary policy on Southeast Asian stock market performance.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper has used a sample of five national equity market indexes over the period 1997-2013 that covers 132 scheduled FOMC meetings. The authors have developed the model of Wongswan (2009) and Kontonikas et al. (2013) to quantify target surprise and path surprise.

Findings
The results first show that all the stock markets examined do respond to information in FOMC announcements. Second, the target Federal fund rate has more impact on Southeast Asian stocks performance than information about the future path of monetary policy does. Third, different Southeast Asian equity markets respond similarly to targeting the Federal fund rate, while the responses to monetary policy differ from each other. Fourth, the response of each country to the FOMC announcement is not statistically different in the two periods of financial crisis.

Research limitations/implications
Southeast Asian financial markets are increasingly highly correlated to the US market. The main channel in which FOMC announcement has impact on Southeast Asian stock markets is through US price transmission. This is the case of foreign firms borrowing from the US market. Then, an increase in interest rate, which means that the cost of financing increases, will lower firm equity value.

Originality/value
The understanding of the response of the Southeast Asian stock markets to target surprise and path surprise, and the impact of each surprise in different time periods, would be important to investors and encourage further discussion amongst academics in Southeast Asia, where stock markets have been emerging in recent years.
Financial development, ownership and internationalization of firms: evidence from China
Authors: Lian Lishuai , Chen Chao 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between financial development and internationalization of Chinese firms, whether the above relationship could be varied for firms with different kinds of ownership, and the channels through which financial development affects internationalization.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a sample of 2,053 firms for the period 2001 to 2013, and applies the methods of ordered logit, logit, and OLS regressions to examine the role of financial development on firms’ internationalization.FindingsThe results show that financial development accelerates the level of international process of Chinese firms, and this effect is stronger for the non-state-owned enterprises (NSOEs) than for SOEs. The authors also document that financial development increases the investment scale of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). In addition, the evidence on the channels through which financial development affects internationalization indicates that financial development accelerates the level of international process in high-technology industries and industries that are more dependent on external financing, and promotes the technology-seeking OFDI, and these effects are more prominent for NSOEs than for SOEs.Originality/valueFirst, this study examines Chinese firms’ internationalization from the perspective of financial development and focuses on the relationship between financial development and internationalization, and varies this relationship over firms with different kinds of ownership. Second, this study adds to the existing literature by identifying two channels through which financial development has an impact on internationalization, namely, external finance and high-tech intensiveness, and identifies the impact of financial development on technology-seeking OFDI.
Legacies and lifecycles: digitizing oral histories at Rutgers University libraries
Authors: White Krista , Radick Caryn 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to explore two separate legacy oral history digitization projects at one institution and how the project teams approached the different issues and challenges these projects presented.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach compares two case studies of how digitization of legacy oral history collections was carried out. The paper discusses these projects utilizing a lifecycle model approach and reveals how archival and digital humanities perspectives drove some of the projects’ differences.

Findings
The authors find that when working with digitizing legacy oral history collections, each collection will require different approaches and methods of problem solving. In large institutions with multiple repositories, it can be useful for project teams to consult each other to develop best practices.

Practical implications
The two case studies presented in this paper can serve as models for other institutions digitizing many oral history collections and serve as a model for communication and collaboration in larger institutions with multiple repositories.

Originality/value
This paper compares and contrasts two case studies of digitization projects involving legacy oral history collections in different units of one large institution. Project teams were influenced by different approaches. One project was conducted by archivists and the other led by a digital humanities librarian. Differing professional foci provided different perspectives about collection characteristics and, subsequently, led to different approaches that impacted implementation of the projects.
Excavating archival description: from collection to data level
Authors: Parilla Lesley L. , Morgan Rebecca , Fidler Christina 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss three projects from three institutions that are dealing with challenges with natural sciences field documentation. Each is working to create the collection, item and data-level description required so that researchers can fully use the data to study how biodiversity has changed over time and space. Libraries, archives and museums recognize the need to make content searchable across material type. To create online catalogs that would make this possible, ideally, all records would describe one item. Museums and libraries describe their materials at the item level; however, archives must balance the need to describe the collection as a whole alongside needs of collection materials that may require more description to reconnect with library and museum items. There is a growing determination inside of archives to increase this flow of data, particularly for the natural sciences, by creating workflows that provide additional description to make these data discoverable. This process is a bit like drilling into the earth: each level must be described before the next can be dealt with.

Design/methodology/approach
The piece describes challenges, approaches and workflows of three institutions developing deeper levels of description for archival materials that will be made available online to a specialized audience. It also describes the methods developed so that the material’s data can eventually be accessed at a more granular level and linked to related resources.

Findings
Current systems, schema and standards are adapted as necessary, and the natural sciences archival community is still working to develop best practices. However, they are getting much closer through the collaboration made possible through grants in the recent years.

Originality/value
The work described in this paper is ongoing, and best practices resulting from the work are still under development.
Becoming entrepreneurs: how immigrants developed entrepreneurial identities
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Chun Douglas 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the important process of how entrepreneurial identity is formed and constructed, with the perspective that entrepreneurial identity is social and dynamic, constantly shaped by various life episodes and human interactions, rather than static and unchanging.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study comprises 30 in-depth interviews with Chinese immigrants in West Canada. These immigrants had been employed professionals under the “Skilled Workers” immigration category but later became entrepreneurs. None of the entrepreneurs in this study had prior business ownership experience, and many of them said that they had never thought about running businesses until they came to Canada.FindingsA process model of entrepreneurial identity construction is presented. This paper advances the literature on entrepreneurship through the identification of three stages in the development of entrepreneurial identity: identity exploration, entrepreneurial mindsets building, and narrative development.Originality/valueThis study has important implications for the understanding of the exploratory and discovery mode of entrepreneurial identity construction. This study also moves away from the contextual and structural hypotheses as the sole explanations for the high rate of self-employment among immigrant entrepreneurs, and provides a useful starting point for a deeper understanding of the agency of immigrant entrepreneurs.