bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS OF HETERODIENES PART 4, STUDY OF DIPOLE MOMENTS AND ELECTRON INTERACTIONS OF ISOSELENOCYANATES
Authors: SUCHAR G. , KRISTIAN P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Strukturen und mesomeren Wechselwirkungen der NCSe‐Gruppe der Produkte (I) werden anhand der in Benzol bei 20°C gemessenen Dipolmomente diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOTHALLIUM COMPOUNDS PART 10, THE FORMATION OF POLYFLUOROPHENYLTHALLIUM COMPOUNDS BY DESULPHINATION REACTIONS
Authors: DEACON G. B. , JOHNSON I. K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Acetato‐bis‐(polyfluorphenyl)‐thallium(III)‐Verbindungen (IV) werden in der angegebenen Weise dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXES OF CR(III) AND FE(III) WITH 2‐AMINOTHIOPHENOL AND 2‐AMINOPHENOL, OXO‐BRIDGING IN FE(III) COMPLEX
Authors: SINGH B. , CHOUDHARY R. V. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCr(III) und Fe(III) in wäßriger Lösung bilden mit den in Methanol gelösten Titelliganden die 1:3‐Cr(III)‐Komplexe (I) und den u‐Oxo‐Fe(III)‐Komplex (II).
ChemInform Abstract: KOMPLEXCHEMIE REAKTIVER ORGANISCHER VERBINDUNGEN 9. MITT. EINBAU VON METHYLEN IN MANGAN‐KOMPLEXE
Authors: HERRMANN W. A. , REITER B. , BIERSACK H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Cyclopentadienylmangankomplexe (I) reagieren bei Raumtemperatur mit Diazomethan zu einem Gemisch der u‐Methyliden‐und n‐Äthylen‐Komplexe (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATE DES BORABENZOLS 7. MITT. EINE NEUARTIGE RINGKONTRAKTION, BILDUNG VON CYCLOPENTADIENYL‐LIGANDEN AUS BORINAT‐LIGANDEN
Authors: HERBERICH G. E. , PAHLMANN W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBei der Behandlung von (I) mit FeCl3 in Gegenwart von H2O entsteht unter Ringkontraktion (II).
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTIONEN VON NITROSYLKOMPLEXEN 4. MITT. NEUE CYCLOPENTADIENYL‐MY‐NITROSYL‐KOBALT‐KOMPLEXE
Authors: MUELLER J. , SCHMITT S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Darstellung der Komplexe (II) und (IV) wird beschrieben und einige Eigenschaften werden erörtert.
ChemInform Abstract: INTERMOLECULAR LIGAND EXCHANGE IN TETRANUCLEAR METAL CARBONYL COMPLEXES
Authors: HOSSEINI H. E. , NIXON J. F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDer aus den Carbonylkomplexen (I) oder (IV) durch Umsetzung mit dem Rhodiumkomplex (II) unter Abspaltung von Thalliumchlorid bzw. Kohlenmonoxid hergestellte Rhodium‐Kobalt‐Komplex (III) zeigt in Lösungen mit dem Rhodium‐Kobalt‐ Komplex (V) bei Raumtemperatur intermolekulare Ligandenaustauschprozesse.
ChemInform Abstract: PIGMENTS OF GNOMONIA ERYTHROSTOMA PART 3, SYNTHESIS OF A METHYL ETHER OF BISDEOXYERYTHROSTOMINONE
Authors: CROSS BRIAN E. , ZAMMITT LESLIE J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Gerüststruktur und die Stellung von sechs der sieben vorhandenen Sauerstoff‐ Funktionen in Desoxyerythrostominon (Ib) werden durch eine Totalsynthese des Naphthopyranchinons (XIIa) bestätigt.
ChemInform Abstract: TRITERPENES PART 45, REACTION OF 20‐LUPANOL DERIVATIVES WITH LEAD TETRAACETATE
Authors: POUZAR V. , PROTIVA J. , LISA E. , KLINOTOVA E. , VYSTRCIL A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion der Lupanol‐Derivate (Ia)‐(Ic) mit Pb‐Tetraacetat liefert die Derivate (IIa)‐(IIc) und als Nebenprodukt jeweils die Verbindung (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDS AND RELATED NATURAL PRODUCTS PART 91, SYNTHESIS OF THE CARDENOLIDES CANARIGENIN AND UZARIGENIN
Authors: KAMANO YOSHIAKI , PETTIT GEORGE R. , TOZAWA MACHIKO 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie selektive Oxidation von Digitoxigenin (I) mit CrO3 in Essigsäure oder mit N‐Brom‐acetamid liefert das 5β‐Keton (IIa), dessen Chlorid (IIb) zu Canarigenon (III) dehydrohalogeniert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: PHASE TRANSFER CATALYZED REACTIONS PART 1, HIGHLY STEREOSELECTIVE FORMATION OF THE THERMODYNAMICALLY LESS STABLE MANNO ISOMERS FROM NITRO SUGARS WITH ACTIVE METHYLENE COMPOUNDS
Authors: SAKAKIBARA T. , SUDOH R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus dem 3‐Nitro‐2‐en‐pyranosid (II) bzw. seiner Vorstufe (I) erhält man bei der Kondensation unter Phase‐Transfer‐Bedingungen mit den aktiven Methylenverbindungen (III) die Addukte (IV); lediglich mit Malondinitril kann neben (IV) auch das Isomere (V) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEIC ACID COMPONENTS AND THEIR ANALOGUES PART 178, STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF BETA‐D‐RIBOPYRANOSYL NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES
Authors: KRITZYN A. M. , HOLY A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractReaktion der Na‐Salze (II) mit der Arabinose (I) liefert die Nucleoside (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW METABOLITES OF ASPERGILLUS TERREUS, 3‐HYDROXY‐2,5‐BIS‐(P‐HYDROXY‐PHENYL)‐PENTA‐2,4‐DIEN‐4‐OLIDE AND DERIVATIVES
Authors: GOLDING BERNARD T. , RICKARDS RODNEY W. , VANEK ZDENKO 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Struktur (Ia) des aus Aspergillus terreus isolierten Aspergillids wird durch die Synthese seines Trimethyläthers (Ib) bestätigt.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS OF GROWTH‐HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE BY THE PYRAZOLINE ACTIVE ESTER PROCEDURE
Authors: GIORI PAOLO , GUARNERI MARIO , MAZZOTTA DIONISIO , VICENTINI CHIARA BEATRICE , BENASSI CARLO A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDas aus Schweinehypothalamus isolierte Dekapeptid (I) wird nach konventionellen Methoden synthetisiert.
Computational Insights into the Mechanisms of H2 Activation and H2/D2 Isotope Exchange by Dimolybdenum Tetrasulfide Complexes
Authors: Algarra Andrés G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe mechanisms for H2 activation by [Cp*Mo]2(µ‐S)2(µ‐S2) (1‐a, Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) and its reaction product [Cp*Mo]2(µ‐S)2(µ‐SH)2 (2) have been investigated by DFT methods. The reaction of 1‐a involves the homolytic addition of H2 to its µ‐S ligands, followed by the cleavage of the S–S bond of the µ‐S2 ligand in a subsequent step. Complex 2 can adopt five conformations that only differ in the stereochemistry of the µ‐SH and µ‐S ligands; although an isomer with adjacent µ‐S ligands (2‐a) is formed initially, it then isomerises into the experimentally observed 2‐d. This species promotes H/D scrambling in H2/D2 mixtures, and the mechanism of the process has also been studied. Notably, all of the computed pathways for the addition of D2 to 2‐d present prohibitive barriers; instead, only those isomers with adjacent µ‐S ligands are able to react further. The homolytic activation of D2 by these leads to isomers of [Cp2Mo2(µ‐SH)2(µ‐SD)2], the interconversion of which is the rate‐determining step.
Microwave‐Assisted Formylations of Weakly Basic Anilines with Methyl Formate Catalyzed by Calcium and Hydrogen Triflimides
Authors: Tan Eric , Ung Sosthène , Corbet Matthieu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCatalytic amounts of calcium and hydrogen triflimides [Ca(NTf2)2, HNTf2] were found to be efficient for the solvent‐free formylation of a variety of weakly basic anilines by using cheap and widely available methyl formate as the formylating agent under microwave irradiation. Initial investigations showed that in the case of calcium triflimide, Brønsted acid catalysis was most likely operating. Remarkably, the corresponding calcium triflate and triflic acid were significantly less active.
Integration of antimicrobial pectin‐based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging to preserve the quality and microbial safety of fresh‐cut persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. cv. Rojo Brillante)
Authors: Sanchís Elena , Ghidelli Christian , Sheth Chirag C , Mateos Milagros , Palou Lluís , Pérez‐Gago María B 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe greatest hurdle to the commercial marketing of fresh‐cut fruits is related to their higher susceptibility to enzymatic browning, tissue softening, and microbial growth. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin‐based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh‐cut ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon. The survival of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes artificially inoculated on fresh‐cut fruit was also assessed. The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL−1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg−1 citric acid and 10 g kg−1 calcium chloride as anti‐browning and firming agents, respectively. Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage.RESULTSCoating application combined with active MAP significantly reduced the CO2 emission and O2 consumption in the package. The coating was effective in reducing browning and also inhibited the growth of mesophilic aerobic bacteria. Coating also reduced the populations of E. coli, S. enteritidis and L. monocytogenes.CONCLUSIONThe combination of the pectin‐based edible coating and active MAP proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Adaptive continuous‐time model predictive controller for implantable insulin delivery system in Type I diabetic patient
Authors: Patra Akshaya Kumar , Rout Pravat Kumar 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis paper presents a physiological model of glucose–insulin (GI) interaction and design of a Continuous‐time Model Predictive Controller (CMPC) to regulate the blood glucose (BG) level in Type I diabetes mellitus (TIDM) patients. For the designing of the CMPC, a nonlinear physiological model of TIDM patient is linearized as a ninth‐order state‐space model with an implanted insulin delivery device. A novel control approach based on Continuous‐time Model Predictive technique is proposed for the BG regulation with rejection of periodic or random meal and exercise disturbances in the process. To justify its efficacy a comparative analysis with Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control, and recently published control techniques like Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative (PID), Linear Quadratic Regulator with Loop Transfer Recovery (LQR/LTR) and H‐infinity has been established. The efficiency of the controller with respect to accuracy and robustness has been verified via simulation. The proposed controller performances are assessed in terms of ability to track a normoglycaemic set point of 81 mg/dl (4.5 mmol/l) in the presence of Gaussian and stochastic noise. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quick and easy preparation method for decoctions of kampo formula (part 3): Extraction efficiency of the IPCD method for volatile compounds
Authors: Fueki Tsukasa , Sumino Megumi , Makino Toshiaki , Matsuoka Takanori , Beppu Masashi , Tanaka Koichiro , Namiki Takao 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
AimThe immersing powdered crude drugs (IPCD) method was developed as a quick, easy and high‐yield way to prepare decoctions. IPCD may be very useful for decoctions of crude drugs containing volatile compounds because it does not involve boiling. The aim of this study was therefore to test this hypothesis using cinnamon bark (the bark of the trunk of
Cinnamomum cassia) and perilla herb (the leaves and the tips of the branches of
Perilla frutescens var. acuta).MethodsThe amounts of the marker compounds in the IPCD immersion prepared from cinnamon bark or perilla herb were measured and compared with those prepared with the conventional decoction method.ResultsThe amounts of cinnamaldehyde and perillaldehyde in the IPCD immersion per 1 g of crude drugs exceeded those in the conventional decoctions by two‐fold and 30‐fold, respectively.ConclusionThe IPCD method is outstanding for the decoction of crude drugs containing volatile compounds.
A novel sibling-based design to quantify genetic and shared environmental effects: application to drug abuse, alcohol use disorder and criminal behavior
Authors: Kendler K. S. , Ohlsson H. , Edwards A. C. , Lichtenstein P. , Sundquist K. , Sundquist J. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundTwin studies have been criticized for upwardly biased estimates that might contribute to the missing heritability problem.MethodWe identified, from the general Swedish population born 1960–1990, informative sibships containing a proband, one reared-together full- or half-sibling and a full-, step- or half-sibling with varying degrees of childhood cohabitation with the proband. Estimates of genetic, shared and individual specific environment for drug abuse (DA), alcohol use disorder (AUD) and criminal behavior (CB), assessed from medical, legal or pharmacy registries, were obtained using Mplus.ResultsAggregate estimates of additive genetic effects for DA, AUD and CB obtained separately in males and females varied from 0.46 to 0.73 and agreed with those obtained from monozygotic and dizygotic twins from the same population. Of 54 heritability estimates from individual classes of informative sibling trios (3 syndromes × 9 classes of trios × 2 sexes), heritability estimates from the siblings were lower, tied and higher than those from obtained from twins in 26, one and 27 comparisons, respectively. By contrast, of 54 shared environmental estimates, 33 were lower than those found in twins, one tied and 20 were higher.ConclusionsWith adequate information, human populations can provide many methods for estimating genetic and shared environmental effects. For the three externalizing syndromes examined, concerns that heritability estimates from twin studies are upwardly biased or were not generalizable to more typical kinds of siblings were not supported. Overestimation of heritability from twin studies is not a likely explanation for the missing heritability problem.
New Species of Terebratella, From the Bargate Stone
Authors: Meyer. C. J. A. 
Published: March 2016

I send some drawings and a short description of a pretty little Brachiopod from the Lower Greensand of Godalming, of which, unfortunately, I possess at present only a few single valves, viz. 7 dorsal and 4 ventral valves. These are, however, sufficiently perfect to enable me partially to describe the shell, and I take the present opportunity of so doing, with the hope that, at some future time, better specimens may come to light. (See Pl. XII. Figs. 1–6.)The species is apparently new, local in distribution, and, so far as I am at present aware, confined to the “Bargate stone” of Guildford and Godalming, the position of which is near the base of the ferruginous or upper division (of Fitton) of the Lower Greensand. From the partial outward resemblance of this shell to that of Terebratella Menardi, and from the fact of the hinge line and medial septum in the dorsal valve being of the same form in both, I am inclined to consider this species as a Terebratella: the peculiar form of the dorsal valve has suggested its specific name.Terebratella trifida, n. sp. Shell (judging from a comparison of several single valves) as wide as long, in old specimens perhaps rather longer than wide; convex in both valves: dorsal valve moderately convex, and divided into three portions; a large, elevated, mesial fold, in the shape of an acute rib, occupying the entire central division, on either side of which, on the lateral divisions, there exist one or two ribs of small elevation, followed occasionally by a third of still smaller size;
On the Foraminifera of the London Clay
Authors: Jones T. Rupert , Parker W. K. 
Published: March 2016

In 1833, T. N. Wetherell, Esq., of Highgate, discovered several Foraminifera in some London Clay taken from a well at the Lower Heath, on the south side of Hampstead; see Proceed. Geol. Soc. vol. ii. 1834, p. 93, and Transact. Geol. Soc. 2 ser. vol. v. p. 131. In plate ix., one of the two plates accompanying Mr. Wetherell's paper in the Geol. Transactions, these Foraminifera, with other small fossils from the clay, were figured by Mr. J. De C. Sowerby, by whose help also the determination of the fossils was made.At page 135 of Mr. Wetherell's paper, the figured Foraminifera are referred to as “Nodosaria, pl. ix. figs. 3–7; Articulina, figs. 8–10; Marginulina, fig. 12; Kotalin, figs. 13–18; Cristellaria, fig. 19; Miliola, fig. 20.” Fig. 11, doubtfully referred to “Frondiculina,” is not a Foraminifer, but probably the cast of the palettes of a Teredo; a similar fossil is figured and thus designated by D'Archiac in the Mém. Soc. Géol. Franc. We have seen, in Mr. Wetherell's collection, the Foraminifera from the well above-mentioned, as well as others from the London Clay of Hampstead, Highgate, and Finchley. We possess a large series of picked specimens collected by Mr. John Purdue from the London Clay of the Copenhagen Fields, Islington, when the cuttings for the Great Northern Railway were being made; also some from the London Clay of Finchley, Chelsea (bed of the Thames), and Clapham; and a very fine suite of specimens from Wimbledon Common (out of the clay at about 100 feet in depth).
On Helix, and Perforated Limestone
Authors: Hodgson E. 
Published: March 2016

A few months ago I sent to the British Museum a block of mountain limestone, perforated into deep cells by mollusks. It was met with on a limestone ridge three miles south-west of Ulverston, and first attracted notice by being brought to town to be employed for building purposes.The perforations were found to be on the under-side of a projecting ledge, and were large enough for the fingers to be introduced upwards to the depth, in some, of three inches, the diameter being about seven-eighths of an inch. They were inhabited, at the time of the discovery (August), by the land-snails Helix nemoralis and Helix concinna.Mr. Woodward, on receiving the stone, very kindly sent for my perusal a ‘Memoir on Perforations by Helices in the Calcareous Rocks of the Boulonnais,’ by M. Bouchard-Chantereaux. In this memoir the author states his belief that the cells are the work of Helices, and that the eroding action is performed by the foot, with the aid of an acid secretion.Ever since I became familiar with the microscopic structure of the tongue of Helix, etc., I have always believed that it was so constructed for purposes of abrasion, either of stone or other hard substances; but I was not previously aware that the land-snails were, any of them, supposed to form for themselves hollowed, hybernating chambers in rocks.
A Help to the Identification of Fossil Bivalve Shells
Authors: Seeley Harry 
Published: March 2016

Lamellibranehiate shells are the most abundant fossils of most rocks. Numerous in genera, and prolific in species, they are multitudinous in individuals, and the specimens vary. The study is not easy. It has little of the poetry of many other branches of natural history, and has naturally received less attention. But in each subkingdom specially, no less than in the animal kingdom generally, the law holds good that the lower the organization the longer is the duration in time. And so, important as the higher mollusca are in the analysis of rocks into their several zones, it is on the lower forms we rely in synthetical arrangements. The Conchifera readily divide rocks into Palaeozoic and Neozoic,—no form with a pallial sinus being known below the Lower Secondary strata; while, from the appearance in them of numerous new genera, no class of animals better marks the recognized systems into which fossiliferous rocks are grouped. It is indispensable both to the geologist and biologist to be familiar with the genera, and it is the object of this paper to render the principles on which they are identified more easy and exact.That genera are practically realities every student knows well; as such the geologist and zoologist have to do with them. And it has elsewhere been shown that between hosts of groups intermediate forms can no more be found, than can intermediate wood fill the space between the forked branches of a bush. Accepting the fact, the question arises,—How may genera be known?
Geological Notes on the Country Near Melbourne, Victoria
Authors: Harrison Thos. 
Published: March 2016

Australia offers both advantages and the reverse as a field wherein geology may be studied. Mesozoic strata being absent, or very sparingly developed, the variety of fossils is not extensive; but some of the phenomena observable are by no means devoid of interest.The very limited portion of the Australian continent which I purpose describing is delineated upon sheet number 1 of the geological map lately issued by Mr. Selwyn,—a reduced sketch-copy of which is enclosed with the present communication (Pl. VI.).By this map it will be seen that there are at least three classes of strata to be noticed—Silurian, Tertiary, and Volcanic. The site of the Victorian metropolis, together with the suburban townships, comprises the whole of these in various proportions. Melbourne proper, with the exception of its extreme western portion, which is situate on an older volcanic formation, is built almost wholly upon May Hill sandstones and soft laminated shales. The whole of this stratum has evidently been subjected to immense disturbance, it being a matter of no little difficulty to discover a patch many yards in extent within which the beds even approach to a horizontal position. The general inclination of the stratification more often verges on the perpendicular, whilst numerous contortions, folds, and doublings—theupper edges being cut away by denudation, at the same time that the lower are hidden far below the exposed portion—offer an interesting but withal most difficult problem to the geological student.
Notes on the Evidence of Glacial Action in Scotland
Authors: Simmons P. 
Published: March 2016

In the parish of Baldernock, county of Stirling, and in the neighbourhood of “fragments of stone reared by creatures of clay,” Craigmadden Castle, the pedestrian will find three large stones well worthy of his notice. They are situated in the centre of a bog; consequently, if the said pedestrian desires to observe, measure, and minutely examine them, he must, as three friends lately did, take off boots and stockings and wade through the water that surrounds the stones to within two feet; that is to say, if he desires such articles to remain dry. The bog forms part of an extensive natural amphitheatre, situated in the Craigmadden moor; and the stones have received the name “Auld Wives' Lifts,” from the absurd tradition that they were placed, once upon a time, among the heather by three old women, natives of Baldernock, Strathblane, and Campsie.The Lifts are considered by some antiquaries to be nothing more or less than a cromlech or sepulchral monument; others, however, think they are an altar which the Druids used. The former opinion is maintained by Dr. Daniel Wilson in his ‘Archæology.’ His words are: “It is remarkable as an example of a trilith, or complete cromlech, consisting only of three stones. Two, of nearly equal length, support the huge capstone; a block of basalt measuring fully 18 feet in length, by 11 in breadth, and 7 in depth. A narrow triangular space remains open between the three stones, and through this every stranger is required to pass on first visiting the spot, if, according to the rustic creed, he would escape the calamity of dying childless.