bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of ciprofloxacin as a prophylactic agent in urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Neto Miguel Moysés , Costa Roberto S. , Reis Marlene A. , Ferraz Agenor S. , Saber Luciana T. S. , Batista Maria Estela P. N. , Muglia Valmir , Garcia T. M. P. , Figueiredo José Fernando C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe most common form of bacterial infection in renal transplant recipients is urinary tract infection (UTI), and some studies have shown that prophylaxis can reduce this incidence. In the present investigation we evaluated 80 patients submitted to renal transplantation at the Renal Transplant Unit of the University Hospital of Ribeirao Preto, SP. The study was prospective, double blind and randomized. The patients were divided into two groups, one receiving placebo and the other ciprofloxacin at the dose of 250 mg twice a day for the first 10 d and 250 mg/d for 6 months after transplantation. Of the 41 patients who received ciprofloxacin 28 completed the study, and of the 39 patients who received placebo 30 completed the study. The largest number of UTI occurred in the placebo group, with a significant difference from the ciprofloxacin group during the first month after surgery (p<0.05). In the group treated with ciprofloxacin, only 6/40 patients (15%) developed UTI, as opposed to 19/39 (48.7%) for the placebo group. The total number of infectious episodes was higher in the placebo group (26) than in the ciprofloxacin group (12). The medication was well tolerated throughout the study period.
Coronary artery bypass after single lung transplant: a case report
Authors: Salerno Christopher T. , Harrison Bernard , Hertz Marshall , Shumway Sara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common indication for adult single lung transplantation. These patients commonly have one or more risk factors for coronary artery disease. Traditionally previous lung transplantation has been considered a contraindication to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This report describes a case of CABG 3 yr after single lung transplantation and briefly discusses the risks of cardiac surgery in lung transplant patients.
Molecular Basis of Red Cell Protein Antigen Deficiencies
Authors: Cartron Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2024

SummaryBlood group antigens reside on cell surface molecules of wide structural and functional diversity. Although all are serologically detectable on red blood cells, most are also expressed in non erythroid tissues, but with a few exceptions their biological role on erythrocytes and tissues often remains elusive. Deficiencies of these molecules seen either in rare blood group « null » phenotypes and/or associated with red cell membrane disorders, offer the opportunity to clarify their role in the cell membrane and to correlate their molecular abnormalities with cell dysfunctions. This review will summarize some of the present knowledge on these defects and on gene targeting studies developed to analyze the function of these molecules in animal models.
New Tools in Assessing Immune Reconstitution after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Toubert Antoine , Clave Emmanuel , Talvensaari Kimmo , Douay Corinne , Charron Dominique 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:Immune functions are impaired after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for several months depending on the age of the recipient, initial pathology, degree of HLA and minor histocompatibility antigens mismatches, origin and manipulation of the graft (unmanipulated or T‐cell depleted bone marrow transplantation, cord blood) and post‐transplantation events (acute or chronic graft‐versus‐host disease. relapse and infectious complications).Material and Methods, Results and Conclusion:In addition to lymphocyte phenotyping and functional assays, new tools are now available to monitor specific aspects of the immune response in the follow‐up of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation : reconstitution of T cell cell diversity (spectratyping or Immunoscope), thymic function (TREC or “T‐cell receptor rearrangement excision DNA circles”) and antigen‐specific T cell responses (HLA tetramers).
The Molecular Basis of Inherited Thrombophilia
Authors: Manucci P.M. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryEven though it has been known for centuries that inherited defects of blood coagulation cause lifelong bleeding disorders. the existence of the counterpart, inherited thrombotic disorders, has been appreciated for only a few decades. Inherited thrombophilia can be defined as a genetically determined tendency to venous thromboembolism which characteristically occurs at a young age with no apparent cause and tends to recur. This article reviews the prevalence, biochemical and molecular basis of inherited thrombophilia, describes the main clinical manifestations and provides general guidelines for treatment. It is restricted to the more frequent and well‐established causes of thrombophilia: antithrombin, protein C and protein S deficiency; resistance to activated protein C caused by mutations in coagulation factor V and the gain‐of‐function mutation of factor II (prothrombin). Other causes of inherited thrombophilia are much rarer, such as dysfibrinogenemia, or not firmly established, such as abnormalities of the fibrinolytic system (plasminogen. histidin‐rich glycoprotein) and thrombomodulin.
Molecular Genetics of H
Authors: Oriol Rafael , Candelier Jean‐Jacques , Mollicone Rosella 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:Formal genetics of ABO, H‐h and Se‐se systems illustrate that these three systems are genetically independentMaterials and Methods:Population analysis of phenotypes and family segregation of the ABH related genetic markersResults:Inactivating mutations of FUT1 and FUT2 are compatible with a structural gene model assuming that FUT1 and FUT2 genes encode for two distinct enzymes, one encoding for the H antigen expressed in red cells (FUT1) and the other encoding for the H gene expressed in saliva (FUT2)Conclusion:Most inactivating mutations of FUT1 and FUT2 genes are located in the coding region of the genes and are nonprevalent sporadic mutations of relative recent appearance
Molecular Genetics of RH
Authors: Flegel Willy A. , Wagner Franz F. 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:The two Rhesus proteins, RhD and RhCE, constitute one of the clinically most relevant blood group antigen system. In the last two years, the understanding of RH molecular genetics has increased considerably. The State of the current knowledge was briefly summarised.Materials and Methods:Recent reviews, original work since 1999 and own results were utilised.Results:The structure of the RH gene locus comprising RHD, RHCE and SMP1 was presented. True RHD genotyping became feasible by establishing the molecular basis of the most prevalent RH haplotype in whites harbouring the RHD gene deletion and of the RHD pseudogene RHD Ψ in Africans. Molecular and serologic characteristics of weak D and partial D alleles were compared. Closely related alleles for both, weak D and Partial D, were collated as examples contributing to the understanding of RH phylogeny.Conclusion:The RH gene locus is a model system for molecular polymorphism in clustered genes and suitable for studying molecular evolution in humans. It lends itself for developing molecular diagnostics because its genetics is appropriately complex and challenging; yet the expressed phenotypes have been studied for decades and are well understood. Legal and ethical issues that are rightfully of public concern would not be infringed if RH genotyping will be attempted on a massive scale.
Molecular Genetics of Granulocyte Polymorphisms
Authors: Bux Jürgen 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:Granulocyte (neutrophil) antibodies have been implicated in transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) and immune neutropenias. In the last decade enormous efforts have been made to characterize the involved alloantigens.Materials and Methods:Review of the literatureResults:The NAI, NA2, and SH antigens have been identified as polymorphic forms of the neutrophil Feyreceptor IIIb encoded by three alleles. The antigens. MART and OND have been located on leucocyte adhesion molecules (β2 integrins) and were found to be due to single nucleotide mutations in the αM (CD11b) and αL (CD11a) subunits. Recently, we succeeded in throwing light on the primary structure of the NB1 antigen. On the basis of these findings a new nomenclature has been introduced for human neutrophil alloantigens (HNA nomenclature). Glycoprotein location has made the development of antigen‐specific immunoassays possible and antigen characterization on the molecular level now allows genotyping by DNA techniques.Conclusion:Considerable progress has been made in the characterization of granulocyte antigens. Further studies will improve our diagnostic tools and will facilitate the prevention and management of transfusion reactions and immune neutropenias.
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Platelets
Authors: Michelson Alan D. 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:Despite recent progress in our understanding of platelet function in vitro, there remains a remarkable paucity of methods to study platelet function in vivo.Materials and Methods:We have developed novel three color whole blood flow cytometric methods for tracking of infused platelets and measurement of their function in vivo.Results:These methods were used to demonstrate that circulating P‐selectin‐positive (degranulated) platelets rapidly lose surface P‐selectin to the plasma pool, but continue to circulate and function.Conclusions:1) These studies strongly suggest that the measurement of platelet surface P‐selectin in platelet concentrates stored in the blood bank should not be used as a predictor of platelet survival or function in vivo. 2) The described methods provide the means to answer many previously difficult to address questions about in vivo platelet function in transfusion medicine.
Prenatal Determination of Fetal Blood Group Status
Authors: Avent Neil D. , Finning Kirstin M. , Martin Peter G. , Soothill Peter W. 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:The prenatal determination of fetal blood group status by molecular techniques has been used in the clinical management of alloimmunised pregnancies for seven years, in particular for the definition. of fetal Rh D. c and E, K, Fya and Jk statusa. This has arisen in response to the definition of the molecular bases of human group polymorphism.Materials and Methods:PCR‐based amplification assays have been designed to define fetal blood group status, where the source of template DNA is normally derived from amniotic fluid or chorionic villus. Recently, non‐invasive methods have been explored to obtain fetal DNA from maternal peripheral blood.Results:PCR‐based tests are now available to screen for all fetal medicine significant blood group antigens. The Rh system is the most complex. and assays to define Rh genotype have been modified in reponse to our increased understanding of the molecular biology of this blood group system.Conclusion:Prenatal diagnosis of fetal blood group status is now in widespread use in the clinical management of HDN. Non‐invasive testing. if applied in the clinical setting may invoke a dramatic increase in the numbers of pregnancies that may be analysed prenatally.
Leukocyte Counting During Process Control of Leukoreduced Blood Components
Authors: Dzik Walter H. 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:To describe the characteristics of counting assays used for process control of leukoreduction.Materials and Methods:Literature review. Results: Counting assays with good performance characteristics are an essential element of the process control of leukoreduction. A recent multicenter study by a Working Party of the ISBT has evaluated three widely used methods for counting low numbers of leukocytes in leukoreduced blood.Conclusion:Automated methods provide greater accuracy and and better inter‐laboratory precision than Nageotte hematocytometry. However, deterioration of performance as a result of prolonged sample shipment remains an obstacle to centralized testing services. Although several mathematical approaches have been used to model the distribution of residual leukocytes in leukoreduced blood, no single model has been shown to be clearly superior.
Prions and Transfusion Medicine
Authors: Budka Herbert 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:There is growing concern at national and international levels that blood supplies might be contaminated with Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD) agents (prions).Materials and Methods:This review on CJD and blood focuses on experimental and epidemiological data, available tests, factors contributed by donors and recipients, and production processes. All of this has been recently detailed in excellent reports and opinions which are summarised here.Results:Solid evidence from experimentally infected. animals, and fragmentary evidence from naturally infected humans, indicates that blood may contain low levels of the infectious agent, yet blood products have never been identi‐fied as a cause of CJD in humans.Conclusion:The evalua‐tion of all relevant data leads to the opinion that transmission of CJD by blood and blood products either does not occur or does not contribute to the CJD epidemiology. Although a hazard cannot be excluded, a real risk is not recognisable. As the experience with variant CJD (vCJD) is limited, the same statement cannot be made for vCJD [1]. In consequence, it is mainly the risk of vCJD that might have relevance for transfusion medicine; this has already resulted in some precautionary donor exclusion regulations.
Hepatitis C Lookback in Canada
Authors: Goldman Mindy , Long Anne 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:Since March 1990, all blood donations in Canada are screened by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) for antibodies to HCV, with confirmatory testing done using a recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). Because HCV may cause chronic asymptomatic hepatitis, in 1995, the Canadian Red Cross began targeted HCV lookback studies on all confirmed positive donations. These have been continued by the two new operators of the blood system in Canada, Héma‐Québec and the Canadian Blood Services. Subsequent to recommendations made in the public inquiry into the Canadian blood system, led by judge Krever, general lookback through letter notification of all patients transfused in the years prior to the introduction of anti‐HCV testing was initiated in several pediatric hospitals, and later in several Canadian provinces.Materials and Methods:Targeted HCV lookback was done for all donors confirmed positive by RIBA testing from the start of HCV testing in 1990. In 1999, stored RIBA 2 indeterminate samples were re‐tested by RIBA 3, and lookback performed on confirmed positive donations. In the province of Quebec, hospitals were surveyed to determine methods and resources involved in lookback. Provinces performing general letter notification entered hospital transfusion records into a central transfusion data bank, and performed linkage with other provincial data banks to remove deceased patients and obtain current addresses.Results:As of January 2000, targeted lookback had been completed on 4,859 components of 1,628 anti‐HCV positive repeat donors. 2,991 recipients were deceased, and 451 were not found or tested. Of the 1,422 recipients tested, 954 (67%) were anti‐HCV positive. Approximately half were already aware of their HCV status. Lookback efforts in hospitals were hampered by lack of resources and manual records. General letter notification in British Columbia (BC) and Prince Edward Island (PEI) led to the testing of 38,960 and 1,953 recipients respectively, with 5.0 and 2.2% of tested recipients found to be anti‐HCV positive.Conclusion:In completed targeted lookback investigations, 19% of components are eventually linked to an anti‐HCV positive recipient. These results are very similar to those obtained in other countries, such as Denmark and the UK. In general letter notification lookbacks, the frequency of anti‐HCV in the tested recipients is approximately twice the frequency of the general population.
NAT and Viral Safety In Blood Transfusion
Authors: Roth W. Kurt , Buhr Sylvia , Drosten Christian , Seifried Erhard 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:Nucleic acid testing was introduced at our blood transfusion service in order to reduce the diagnostic preseroconversion window for transfusion relevant viruses.Materials and methods:Up to 96 donor samples were pooled overnight by two Tecan Genesis RSP 150 pipettors. Pools were centrifuged at 48.000g for one hour to enrich viruses. Viral nucleic acids were extracted from centrifugation pellets using modified Qiagen viral RNA kit. HIV and HBV sequences were amplified by in house TaqMan PCR's with patented primers and probes for HBV. HCV PCR was performed by Roche Amplicor V2.0. “Nadis” software was developed for pooling, resolving positive pools and data communication with main frame computer.Results:PCR testing was introduced in January 1997 for HCV HBV and HIV‐1 for all plasma products and for labile components at the 21“ of April 1997. Throughput increased from 2000 to 4000 samples per day. PCR testing is done in parallel to serological testing and products are released eight hours after pooling is completed. Until January 2000, 1.078.940 donations have been tested in 13.274 pools. A total of seven PCR only positives were identified (3 HCV, 3 HBV, 1 HIV).Conclusion: Theyield of PCR testing for transfusion relevant viruses confirms theoretical estimates on the residual risk of antibody screening.
Treatment of Post Transfusion Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease
Authors: Juji Takeo , Nishimura Motoko , Tadokoro Kenji 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:In Japan, so many cases of post‐transfusion graft‐versus‐host disease (PT‐GVHD) have been reported, and no effective treatment has been reported.Materials and Methods: Results:Totally 61 cases of PT‐GVHD have been collected, and their background were analyzed. A serine protease inhibitor, nafamostat mesilate(N.M.) was examined as a drug for treatment of PT‐GVHD using 4 patients.Results:N.M. was confirmed to inhibit cytotoxic activities of established cytotoxic T cell (CTL) clones in vitro. Simultaneously it was confirmed that fever and skin rash disappeared and liver function tests were normalized soon after the administration of N.M. in all four cases. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia simultaneously improved.Conclusion:The effects of N.M. seem to be limited to inhibit cytotoxic activity of CTL. In addition to this drug, how to remove the CTL from the patients will be the essentially important theme for the future.
Getting People to Give Blood
Authors: Sandborg Eila 
Published: September 2024

A well functioning blood service is dependent on people who are willing to come forward and give blood as a gift to those in need. This prerequisite brings a deeply human aspect to the blood service but also leaves it vulnerable to the fluctuations of people's donation behaviour, large or small as it may be, no matter is it lain in a developed metropolis or a remote African town. Blood services share a common concern: are they approaching a rising shortage of blood supply? Why does it take more effort than ever to get people to become blood donors? This lecture discusses donor recruitment as systematic work towards a blood supply, which is safe, adequate and reliable. Special attention is paid to the community, an individual's move from awareness to loyalty and demands on blood service personnel. The discussion is based on reports by those who have donor recruitment as full time profession and by those in other professions who have gained wide expertise in this field.It is human nature to feel needed, important and appreciated. Blood donation has all the possibilities to give these feelings to people. Any search for something new and exciting to motivate people to give blood must stem from a sound understanding of people in the community, an experience gained through years and a systematic working method.
Advancement in Raman spectroscopy (RS) for characterizing cementitious materials
Authors: Zhang Zuhua , Huang Ziye , Shi Cheng , Wu Zhu , Zhang Wenjing , Duan Ping , Jiang Zhengwu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRaman spectroscopy (RS) has attracted significant attention for the analysis of cementitious materials owing to its remarkable spatial and spectral resolution, which enable the precise investigation of chemical bonds, mineral phases, and microstructures. This review focuses on applications of RS for characterizing cement clinker compositions, monitoring hydration processes, and detecting durability issues, with a particular focus on advancements in quantitative analysis and imaging techniques in recent years. The featured Raman vibration bands are summarized, which are useful for the identification of calcium silicate‐related substances. The current technical limitations of RS for investigating cementitious materials are discussed, and potential approaches to overcome these limitations are proposed. The technological innovations in RS will further enhance its efficacy and applicability for investigations of cementitious materials, thus facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the life cycle of cement across various scales of interest.
Transcriptomics of Diphyllatea (CRuMs) from South Pacific crater lakes confirm new cryptic clades
Authors: Galindo Luis Javier , Mathur Varsha , Frost Hadleigh , Torruella Guifré , Richards Thomas A. , Irwin Nicholas A. T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Diphyllatea (CRuMs) are heterotrophic protists currently divided into three distinct clades (Diphy I–III). Diphy I are biflagellates in the genus Diphylleia, whereas Diphy II and III represent cryptic clades comprising Collodictyon‐type quadriflagellates that were recently distinguished based on rRNA gene phylogenies. Here, we isolated Diphyllatea from freshwater crater lakes on two South Pacific islands and generated high‐quality transcriptomes from species representing each clade, including the first transcriptomic data from Diphy III. Phylogenomic analyses support the separation of Diphy II and III, while transcriptome completeness highlights the utility of these data for future studies. Lastly, we discuss the biogeography and ecology of Diphyllatea on these remote islands.