bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S100A9 potentiates the activation of neutrophils by the etiological agent of gout, monosodium urate crystals
Authors: Rousseau Louis-Simon , Paré Guillaume , Lachhab Asmaa , Naccache Paul H , Marceau François , Tessier Philippe , Pelletier Martin , Fernandes Maria 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Gout is one of the most painful types of arthritis that arises when the body mounts an acute inflammatory reaction against a crystallized form of uric acid known as monosodium urate crystals (MSUs). Although MSUs are known to activate neutrophils, the most abundant leukocyte in the synovial fluid of patients with gout, few studies have investigated the effect on neutrophils of the simultaneous stimulation with MSU and proinflammatory mediators in the inflamed joint. Herein, we focused on a protein that is highly expressed in the synovium in gout, S100A9. The predominant expression of S100A9 in and around blood vessels suggests it may prime neutrophils during their migration toward the inflamed joint. Using a combination of functional and signaling assays, we found that S100A9 enhances the production of radical oxygen species as well as IL-1 and IL-8 release by human neutrophils activated with MSU. Moreover, upstream and downstream signaling events activated by MSUs in human neutrophils were also potentiated by S100A9, including the mobilization of intracellular calcium stores, tyrosine phosphorylation, the serine phosphorylation of PKC substrates, Akt, and p38. We also show that S100A9 alone increases glycolysis in human neutrophils, which is suggestive of an additional mechanism through which neutrophils can be primed. Together, our observations indicate a novel way in which S100A9 may contribute to the pathogenesis of gout, by priming neutrophils to respond to MSUs.
HIV-1 decreases Nrf2/ARE activity and phagocytic function in alveolar macrophages
Authors: Staitieh Bashar S , Ding Lingmei , Neveu Wendy A , Spearman Paul , Guidot David M , Fan Xian 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Respiratory complications occur frequently in individuals living with human immunodeficiency-1 virus (HIV) infection, and there is evidence that HIV-related oxidative stress impairs alveolar macrophage immune function. We hypothesized that nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), a master transcription factor that activates the antioxidant response element (ARE) and regulates antioxidant defenses, has an important role in alveolar macrophage (AMs) immune dysfunction in individuals with HIV infections. To test that hypothesis, we analyzed human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) that were either infected with HIV-1 or were exposed to the HIV-related proteins gp120 and Tat ex vivo and determined that either stress affected the expression of Nrf2 and the Nrf2-ARE–dependent genes for NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 (NQO1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit (GCLC). We then determined that the expression of Nrf2, NQO1, and GCLC was significantly decreased in primary AMs isolated from HIV-1 transgenic rats. In parallel, treating a rat macrophage cell line (NR8383 cells) with the HIV-related proteins gp120 or Tat similarly decreased the gene and protein expression of Nrf2, NQO1, and GCLC. Further, phagocytic function was decreased in both human MDMs infected with HIV-1 and primary AMs from HIV-1 transgenic rats. Importantly, treating HIV-1–infected human MDMs or AMs from HIV-1 transgenic rats with sulforaphane (SFN, an Nrf2 activator) significantly improved their phagocytic function. The salutary effects of SFN were abrogated by silencing RNA to Nrf2 in wild-type rat macrophages. Our findings demonstrate that HIV-1 infection and exposure to HIV-1–related proteins inhibit Nrf2-ARE activity in the AMs and impair their phagocytic function. Treatments targeted at increasing Nrf2-ARE activity could, therefore, enhance lung innate immunity in people living with HIV-1.
BCL6 represses antiviral resistance in follicular T helper cells
Authors: Amet Tohti , Son Young Min , Jiang Li , Cheon In Su , Huang Su , Gupta Samir K , Dent Alexander L , Montaner Luis J , Yu Qigui , Sun Jie 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Follicular Th (Tfh) cells are a distinct subset of Th cells that help B cells produce class-switched antibodies. Studies have demonstrated that Tfh cells are highly prone to HIV infection and replication. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are largely unclear. Here, we show that murine and human Tfh cells have diminished constitutive expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) inclusive of antiviral resistance factor MX dynamin-like GTPase 2 (MX2) and IFN-induced transmembrane 3 (IFITM3) compared with non-Tfh cells. A lower antiviral resistance in Tfh was consistent with a higher susceptibility to retroviral infections. Mechanistically, we found that BCL6, a master regulator of Tfh cell development, binds to ISG loci and inhibits the expression of MX2 and IFITM3 in Tfh cells. We demonstrate further that inhibition of the BCL6 BR-C, ttk, and bab (BTB) domain function increases the expression of ISGs and suppresses HIV infection and replication in Tfh cells. Our data reveal a regulatory role of BCL6 in inhibiting antiviral resistance factors in Tfh cells, thereby promoting the susceptibility Tfh cells to viral infections. Our results indicate that the modulation of BCL6 function in Tfh cells could be a potential strategy to enhance Tfh cell resistance to retroviral infections and potentially decrease cellular reservoirs of HIV infection.
Mental capacity to consent to treatment and the association with outcome: A longitudinal study in patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Elzakkers Isis F.F.M. , Danner Unna N. , Sternheim Lot C. , McNeish Daniel , Hoek Hans W. , van Elburg Annemarie A. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundRelevance of diminished mental capacity in anorexia nervosa (AN) to course of disorder is unknown.AimsTo examine prognostic relevance of diminished mental capacity in AN.MethodA longitudinal study was conducted in 70 adult female patients with severe AN. At baseline, mental capacity was assessed by psychiatrists, and clinical and neuropsychological data (decision-making) were collected. After 1 and 2 years, clinical and neuropsychological assessments were repeated, and remission and admission rates were calculated.ResultsPeople with AN with diminished mental capacity had a less favourable outcome with regard to remission and were admitted more frequently. Their appreciation of illness remained hampered. Decision-making did not improve, in contrast to people with full mental capacity.ConclusionsPeople with AN with diminished mental capacity seem to do less well in treatment and display decision-making deficiencies that do not ameliorate with weight improvement.
Vitamin D deficiency in adolescents in a tier 4 psychiatric unit
Authors: Stewart Neil F. , Lewis Simon N. 
Published: June 2017

Aims and methodTo review the current clinical practice and guidelines for testing and treating vitamin D deficiency in adolescents admitted to a tier 4 adolescent psychiatric unit in north London. The blood test results of 56 patients admitted between 2012 and 2014 were examined to determine whether vitamin D levels had been tested. For those individuals who were tested for vitamin D, results were analysed by gender and ethnicity.ResultsOf 56 patients admitted, 48% were tested for vitamin D deficiency and in 81.5% of cases we uncovered deficiency or severe deficiency; 18.5% had the minimum levels of vitamin D for bone health as per our trust guidelines.Clinical implicationsAdolescents within tier 4 adolescent mental health services may be at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency and so assessment of vitamin D levels should be considered as part of a standard physical health review for this group of young people.
REASONS FOR ACTIONS IN CASE OF THE ADMITTANCE CARD OF EXPENSES OF RARE SECURITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF FOOTHILL WATER STORAGE BASINS OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA
Authors: Мордвинцев Михаил , Mordvintsev Mikhail , Кувалкин Алексей , Kuvalkin Aleksey 
Published: June 2017

The necessity of creation of an automated system for
monitoring and forecasting the state of the water bodies in the
area of influence of the reservoirs to ensure the safe operation of
hydraulic structures is substantiated. The composition and the
basic components of such a system are presented.
Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in children with forearm fractures
Authors: Saglam Y. , Kizildag H. , Toprak G. , Alp N. B. , Yalcinkaya E. Y. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose This study aimed to determine whether children with distal radius impaction fractures have increased prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) insufficiency compared with healthy controls. Patients and Methods This is a prospective controlled study. The 30 children who were diagnosed with forearm fracture at the orthopaedic emergency clinic were included in the study and 30 healthy children from the routine paediatric outpatient unit were included as the control group. Peripheric venous 25(OH) D, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphor (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) of both groups were recorded. The sample size was estimated based on the effect size for a type I error of 5% and power of 80%. Results Demographic characteristics of the two groups did not differ in terms of weekly physical activity levels and breast milk intake. The mean whole body BMI was similar in both groups of patients. History of previous fracture and 25(OH) D level were significantly lower in the patient group than the control group. Conclusion In the present study, the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency was higher in patients with forearm impaction type fractures than healthy controls and the baseline levels reported in the literature. In addition, there were no significant differences in serum Ca, Mg, P, ALP and PTH levels between the healthy controls and the patient group.
Metodologia de pesquisa da história da arte para o estudo de obras de Salões de Arte da década de 1960
Authors: Santos Nelyane Gonçalves 
Published: June 2017

Na tendência de estudos acerca dos salões na história da arte no Brasil é necessário o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia pautada na análise das obras que compuseram esses eventos. A constituição dos circuitos artísticos a partir da efervescência que os salões geravam entre artistas, críticos e público, nos chama a atenção sobre a necessidade de ampliarmos a compreensão das propostas artísticas vistas a partir da materialidade e visualidade das obras. Isto porque, o estabelecimento de marcos definidores de uma arte brasileira na transição do moderno ao contemporâneo, afastou os discursos históricos das obras e os aproximou da interpretação de fontes documentais, forçosamente associadas aos movimentos de arte em esfera internacional. Assim, a proposta metodológica que aqui se apresenta, coloca o desafio da interpretação das obras a partir de seus próprios vestígios e sentidos, sem desconsiderar a ampliação da pesquisa por meio de fontes documentais que esclareçam, mas não “profetizem” uma revelação de significado para a arte no Brasil da década de 1960.

ABSTRACT
The trend of studies on the salons in Brazil's art history is necessary to develop a guided methodology in the analysis of the works that made up those events. The constitution of the artistic circuit from the effervescence that the halls generated among artists, critics and the public draws our attention on the need to broaden the understanding of artistic proposals views from the visual and materiality of the works. This is because the establishment of the defining landmarks of Brazilian art in the transition from modern to contemporary, away from the historical discourse of the works and approached the interpretation of documentary sources, necessarily associated with art movements in the international sphere. Thus, the methodological proposal presented here, puts the challenge of interpretation of works from its own traces and directions, without disregarding the expansion of research through documentary sources to clarify, but not "prophesy" a revelation of significance for art in Brazil in the 1960s.

KEYWORDS
Methodology, art history, art salons, visuality, materiality.
Entrevista com Renato Mendonça: a Escola de Espectadores de Porto Alegre
Authors: Romano Olívia Camboim 
Published: June 2017

Nesta entrevista, Renato Mendonça, jornalista, dramaturgo e coordenador da Escola de Espectadores de Porto Alegre (criada em 2013), expõe questões pertinentes às transformações que a EEPA vem passando ao longo de seu funcionamento, às dinâmicas dos encontros, à seleção dos espetáculos-tema e enfatiza o estímulo da Escola para que seus participantes tenham autonomia crítica e discutam junto com criadores as peças teatrais tratadas nas aulas. O coordenador da EEPA apresenta o perfil dos participantes e a busca da coordenação em manter a programação da Escola de Espectadores atrativa e estimulante para seus integrantes.

ABSTRACT
In this interview, Renato Mendonça, journalist and coordinator of Spectators School of Porto Alegre (created in 2013), presents the dynamics of the meetings, on the selection of plays and emphasizes the stimulation of school so that its participants have critical autonomy and discuss with the artists the spectacles treated in class. The coordinator of EEPA exposes on the profile of participants and the pursuit of coordination in maintaining programming Spectators School of attractive and stimulating for its members.

KEYWORDS
Spectators School, Porto Alegre City, Theater.
Collaboration and Crisis in Mega Projects: A Study in Cross Corporate Culture Conflict and its Resolution
Authors: Smits Karen , Brownlow Robert A. 
Published: June 2017

Projects typically involve multiple partners coming together to form a temporary project organization that manages project execution. Partners begin their relationship with soaring aspirations to collaborate but as they move through the project’s various phases and they experience friction, especially those related to cultural clashes, their noble aspirations succumb to creeping, if not full blown, crisis. This, in turn, creates lost relationality and compromised execution. Thus, the question: How can project partners manage the integration of differing corporate cultures and work processes to produce the most effective and efficient outcomes? Using the mega project of the Panama Canal Expansion Program, the authors explore how a multicultural project organization moved from dysfunctional relationality to synergistic, self-reinforcing, collaboration. A “Collabyrinth” (Smits, 2013) model explores how participants learned to collaborate in a holding environment saturated with layers of complex cultural difference. The Collabyrinth is composed of six comingling elements: (1) Conflicting Conditions, (2) Submarining, (3) Seeking Consent, (4) Storytelling, (5) Crafting Reciprocal Relations, (6) Synergizing. Certain aspects of crisis management are employed to explain intra-collabyrinth dynamics. Those aspects are: (1) Coming of the Forerunners, (2) Acuteness in the Now, (3) Resolution Seeking, and (4) Constructing Relationality. Specific examples of the collabyrinth journey are provided and recommendations are made to harness the positive power of cross-corporate culture collaboration.
Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Genotype Influences Power Output in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Kelley Eli F. , Johnson Bruce D. , Snyder Eric M. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Kelley, EF, Johnson, BD, and Snyder, EM. Beta-2 adrenergic receptor genotype influences power output in healthy subjects. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2053–2059, 2017—The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ADRB2 genotypes on muscle function (absolute power and relative power) in healthy subjects. We performed genotyping of the ADRB2 (amino acid 16) and high-intensity, steady-state exercise on 77 healthy subjects (AA = 18, AG = 25, GG = 34). There were no differences between genotype groups in age, height, weight, or body mass index (BMI) (age = 28.9 ± 5.7 years, 27.9 ± 5.7 years, 29.2 ± 5.9 years, height = 170.7 ± 8.6 cm, 174.9 ± 8.7 cm, 173.4 ± 9.6 cm, weight = 68.5 ± 13.0 kg, 75.0 ± 12.9 kg, 74.4 ± 12.9 kg, and BMI = 23.4 ± 3.9, 24.4 ± 2.9, 24.7 ± 3.4, for AA, AG, and GG, respectively). The genotype groups differed significantly in watts, and watts/V̇o
2 with heavy exercise (watts = 186.3 ± 54.6, 237.8 ± 54.4, 219.4 ± 79.5, watts/V̇o
2 = 0.08 ± 0.006, 0.09 ± 0.005, 0.08 ± 0.006). There was a trend toward significance (p = 0.058) for W·kg−1 (2.7 ± 0.4, 3.2 ± 0.5, 2.9 ± 0.8, for AA, AG, and GG, respectively). These data suggest that genetic variation of the ADRB2 may influence relative strength in healthy subjects and may become an important genetic determinant of muscular strength and functional capacity in patients with diseases that result in a loss of muscle strength.
Short-Term Effects of Resistance Training Modalities on Performance Measures in Male Adolescents
Authors: Winwood Paul W. , Buckley Jaydon J. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Winwood, PW and Buckley, JJ. Short-term effects of resistance training modalities on performance measures in male adolescents. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 641–650, 2019—This study compared the effects of 7 weeks of bodyweight, mobility, and resistance training programs on strength, power, and sprint times. Thirty-nine male adolescents (aged 14–15 years) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: bodyweight and mobility training (BMT) (n = 25) or combined bodyweight, mobility, and free-weights training (CBT) (n = 14). A physical education class (n = 23) of similar age constituted a control group (CON). Both training groups performed 2 BMT sessions per week, and the CBT group performed 2 additional free-weight resistance exercise training sessions. Pretesting and posttesting consisted of vertical and horizontal jump tests, 5- and 20-m sprint tests, 2-kg medicine ball throw test, and maximal number of press ups. Small significant improvements (p ≤ 0.01) between pre-post measures were observed in the CBT group for 20 m (↑2.4%; effect size [ES] = −0.45) sprint time and horizontal jump distance (↑4.2%; ES = 0.43). No significant differences existed between the groups when the mean changes were compared. Effect sizes demonstrated training improvements were in favor of the CBT group (for sprint times, horizontal jump distance, and maximal press ups; ES = 0.35 to −1.35) compared with the BMT and CON groups and in favor of the BMT group (for sprint times and horizontal jump distance; ES = −0.33 to 0.34) compared with the CON group. Seven weeks of BMT and CBT can be beneficial for the development of physical performance capacities in untrained male adolescents. Increased training frequency with the addition of free weights provided the greatest training effects.
Nucleus Accumbens Shell Dopamine Preferentially Tracks Information Related to Outcome Value of Reward
Authors: Sackett Deirdre A. , Saddoris Michael P. , Carelli Regina M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEffective decision-making requires organisms to predict reward values and bias behavior toward the best available option. The mesolimbic dopamine system, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and core, is involved in this process. Although studies support a role of the shell and core in specific aspects of decision-making (e.g., risk, effort, delay), no studies have directly compared dopamine release dynamics in these subregions to cues exclusively signaling the availability of different reward magnitudes. Here, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry was used to compare rapid dopamine release dynamics in the NAc subregions during a magnitude-based decision-making task. Rats learned that distinct cues signaled the availability of either a small or large reward (one or two sugar pellets), and then were given an opportunity to choose their preferred option. We found that peak dopamine release tracked the more preferred (higher-magnitude) option in both core and shell subregions. Critically, however, overall (i.e., global) dopamine release was significantly higher and longer lasting in the shell and tracked the preferred magnitude during the entire cue period. Further, in the shell (not core), dopamine signaling significantly declined immediately at the lever press for reward but increased during the period of reward consumption. Collectively, the results indicate that although dopamine release in both the core and shell are activated by cues signaling the opportunity to respond for rewards of different magnitudes, dopamine release in the shell plays a differential and unique role in tracking information related to the outcome value of reward.
Proactive Control: Neural Oscillatory Correlates of Conflict Anticipation and Response Slowing
Authors: Chang Andrew , Ide Jaime S. , Li Hsin-Hung , Chen Chien-Chung , Li Chiang-Shan R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractProactive control allows us to anticipate environmental changes and adjust behavioral strategy. In the laboratory, investigators have used a number of different behavioral paradigms, including the stop-signal task (SST), to examine the neural processes of proactive control. Previous functional MRI studies of the SST have demonstrated regional responses to conflict anticipation—the likelihood of a stop signal or P(stop) as estimated by a Bayesian model—and reaction time (RT) slowing and how these responses are interrelated. Here, in an electrophysiological study, we investigated the time–frequency domain substrates of proactive control. The results showed that conflict anticipation as indexed by P(stop) was positively correlated with the power in low-theta band (3–5 Hz) in the fixation (trial onset)-locked interval, and go-RT was negatively correlated with the power in delta-theta band (2–8 Hz) in the go-locked interval. Stimulus prediction error was positively correlated with the power in the low-beta band (12–22 Hz) in the stop-locked interval. Further, the power of the P(stop) and go-RT clusters was negatively correlated, providing a mechanism relating conflict anticipation to RT slowing in the SST. Source reconstruction with beamformer localized these time–frequency activities close to brain regions as revealed by functional MRI in earlier work. These are the novel results to show oscillatory electrophysiological substrates in support of trial-by-trial behavioral adjustment for proactive control.
VMAT2-Mediated Neurotransmission from Midbrain Leptin Receptor Neurons in Feeding Regulation
Authors: Xu Yuanzhong , Lu Yungang , Xu Pingwen , Mangieri Leandra R. , Isingrini Elsa , Xu Yong , Giros Bruno , Tong Qingchun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLeptin receptors (LepRs) expressed in the midbrain contribute to the action of leptin on feeding regulation. The midbrain neurons release a variety of neurotransmitters including dopamine (DA), glutamate and GABA. However, which neurotransmitter mediates midbrain leptin action on feeding remains unclear. Here, we showed that midbrain LepR neurons overlap with a subset of dopaminergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. Specific removal of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) in midbrain LepR neurons (KO mice) disrupted DA accumulation in vesicles, but failed to cause a significant change in the evoked release of either glutamate or GABA to downstream neurons. While KO mice showed no differences on chow, they presented a reduced high-fat diet (HFD) intake and resisted to HFD-induced obesity. Specific activation of midbrain LepR neurons promoted VMAT2-dependent feeding on chow and HFD. When tested with an intermittent access to HFD where first 2.5-h HFD eating (binge-like) and 24-h HFD feeding were measured, KO mice exhibited more binge-like, but less 24-h HFD feeding. Interestingly, leptin inhibited 24-h HFD feeding in controls but not in KO mice. Thus, VMAT2-mediated neurotransmission from midbrain LepR neurons contributes to both binge-like eating and HFD feeding regulation.