bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nos N[icolaus] Dei gratia episcopus
Authors: Majewski Dennis 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Jede zusammenhängende geschichtliche Betrachtung nötigt uns, zunächst den Charakter der Überlieferung ins Auge zu fassen, welcher wir die Kenntnis der geschichtlichen Thatsachen verdanken. Um den Wert dieser Überlieferung richtig beurteilen zu können, hat die methodische Forschung eine doppelte Aufgabe zu lösen. Sie wird einmal die eigentümliche Stellung zu prüfen haben, welche jede besondere Tradition im Bereich der gesamten geschichtlichen Überlieferung einnimmt; sie wird sodann den Standpunkt untersuchen müssen, welchen die Gesamtentwicklung der historischen Methode dieser Tradition gegenüber eingenommen und zuletzt gewonnen hat. Erst nach dieser Vorprüfung wird sich die geschichtliche Betrachtung dem eigentümlichen Charakter der berichteten Thatsache selbst zuwenden dürfen.
A rare case of persistent hypoglossal artery associated with contralateral proximal subclavian stenosis
Authors: Romeo Antonio , Napolitano Giuseppina , Leone Giuseppe , Aiello Alessandra , La porta Antonietta , Tedeschi Enrico , Briganti Francesco , Caranci Ferdinando 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The persistent hypoglossal artery is rare vascular anomalies. We report the case of a 50-year old man with right hypoglossal artery, ipsilateral hypoplasic internal carotid artery, associated with left proximal subclavian stenosis with subclavian steal syndrome. Power-Doppler-Ultra-Sonography spectral images obtained after the patient exercised the left arm showed mid-systolic deceleration with retrograde late-systolic velocities. A Computed Tomography Angiography demonstrated a proximal stenosis of the left SA, a mild right ICA hypoplasia and an anomalous artery arising from right ICA at C2–C3 level, entering the cranium via the hypoglossal canal and joining the basilar artery. Usually the presence of PHA may be completely asymptomatic, and detected as an incidental finding by CTA or MRA, but in our case its diagnosis is extremely important because it is often the only vessel supplying blood to the basilar trunk and posterior circulation.
Voluntary termination of pregnancy (medical or surgical abortion): forensic medicine issues
Authors: Piras Mauro , Delbon Paola , Bin Paola , Casella Claudia , Capasso Emanuele , Niola Massimo , Conti Adelaide 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In Italy, Law 194 of 22 May 1978 provides for and regulates the voluntary termination of pregnancy (VTP). Medical abortion became popular nationwide after Mifepristone (RU-486) was authorized for the market by AIFA (Italian Drug Agency) in July 2009. We searched articles in medical literature database with these terms: “medical abortion”, “RU486”, “surgical abortion”. We also searched laws and judgments concerning abortion in national legal databases. Ministerial guidelines were searched on official website of Italian Ministry of Health. We found many medical studies about medical and surgical abortion. We found also ministerial and regional guidelines, which were analyzed. From the point of view of legal medicine, the issues related to abortion with the pharmacological method consist in verifying compatibility and consistency with the safety principles and the parameters imposed by Law n. 194 of 1978, using off-label Misoprostol, what inpatient care should be used and informed consent. The doctor’s job is to provide the patient with comprehensive and clear information about how the procedure will be performed, any complications and the time period needed for both procedures.
Recent advances in nanoplasmonic biosensors: applications and lab-on-a-chip integration
Authors: Lopez Gerardo A. , Estevez M.-Carmen , Soler Maria , Lechuga Laura M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Motivated by the recent progress in the nanofabrication field and the increasing demand for cost-effective, portable, and easy-to-use point-of-care platforms, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensors have been subjected to a great scientific interest in the last few years. The progress observed in the research of this nanoplasmonic technology is remarkable not only from a nanostructure fabrication point of view but also in the complete development and integration of operative devices and their application. The potential benefits that LSPR biosensors can offer, such as sensor miniaturization, multiplexing opportunities, and enhanced performances, have quickly positioned them as an interesting candidate in the design of lab-on-a-chip (LOC) optical biosensor platforms. This review covers specifically the most significant achievements that occurred in recent years towards the integration of this technology in compact devices, with views of obtaining LOC devices. We also discuss the most relevant examples of the use of the nanoplasmonic biosensors for real bioanalytical and clinical applications from assay development and validation to the identification of the implications, requirements, and challenges to be surpassed to achieve fully operative devices.
Gelatin nanoparticles: a potential candidate for medical applications
Authors: Yasmin Rehana , Shah Mohsin , Khan Saeed Ahmad , Ali Roshan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGelatin is a protein obtained from the hydrolysis of collagen. Gelatin is an attractive biodegradable material for use in nano-biotechnology and nano-pharmaceutics. Gelatin nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used as drug and gene carrier to targeted sick tissues including cancer, tuberculosis, HIV infection along with the treatment of vasospasm and restenosis, due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. For instance, coating with gelatin lowers the cytotoxicity of quantum dots. Moreover, gelatin NPs have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, hence proven as a promising candidate to target brain disorders. Macrophage targeting with gelatin NPs for remedy of different diseases is repeatedly reported in previous years. In tissue engineering gelatin is actively utilized for construction of biological and life-long 3D scaffolds for bio-artificial tissues and organ production. Gelatins have a wide range of potential applications which needs to be unraveled in more detail. This review is mainly focused on the applications of gelatin NPs in biomedical sciences.
Optimization of processing parameters in green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using microwave and edible mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) extract and evaluation of their antibacterial activity
Authors: Eskandari-Nojehdehi Maryam , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda , Rahbar-Shahrouzi Javad 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using edible mushroom
Metal Detecting in Finland - An Ongoing Debate
Authors: Wessman Anna , Koivisto Leena , Thomas Suzie 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis outline article presents and critiques legislation as it affects the metal detecting hobby and the
archaeological profession. It considers some of the ways in which metal detectorists themselves have caused
controversy but also positive news in relation to archaeological heritage in Finland. A selection of examples
of collaboration based on the authors own experiences is presented, also the impact of metal detecting on
material culture and archaeological research. The continuing object-oriented focus of both metal detectorists
and the media is identified. New collection and engagement strategies could enhance archaeological research,
while engaging this particular section of the wider public.
Space-time spectral collocation algorithm for solving time-fractional Tricomi-type equations
Authors: Abdelkawy M.A. , Ahmed Engy A. , Alqahtani Rubayyi T. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We introduce a new numerical algorithm for solving one-dimensional time-fractional Tricomi-type equations (T-FTTEs). We used the shifted Jacobi polynomials as basis functions and the derivatives of fractional is evaluated by the Caputo definition. The shifted Jacobi Gauss-Lobatt algorithm is used for the spatial discretization, while the shifted Jacobi Gauss-Radau algorithmis applied for temporal approximation. Substituting these approximations in the problem leads to a system of algebraic equations that greatly simplifies the problem. The proposed algorithm is successfully extended to solve the two-dimensional T-FTTEs. Extensive numerical tests illustrate the capability and high accuracy of the proposed methodologies.
Massive Particle Reflection from Moving Mirrors
Authors: Sfarti Adrian 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We investigate the reflection of massive particles from moving mirrors. The adoption of the formalism based on the energy-momentum allowed us to derive the most general set of formulas, valid for massive and, in the limit, also for massless particles. We show that the momentum change of the reflecting particle always lies along the normal to the mirror, independent of the mirror speed. The subject is interesting not only to physicists designing concentrators for fascicles of massive particles and electron microscopes but also to computer scientists working in raytracing operating in the photon sector. The paper, far from being only theoretical, has profound and novel practical applications in both domains of engineering design and computer science.
Effects of Moderators on Physical Training Programs: A Bayesian Approach
Authors: Vetter Rheba E. , Yu Han , Foose Alice K. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Vetter, RE, Yu, H, and Foose, AK. Effects of moderators on physical training programs: a Bayesian approach. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1868–1878, 2017—Creating an optimal physical training program is an important focus in sport and exercise research. The purpose of this research was to examine how different moderators (age, ability level, training weeks, training frequencies, and intensity) impacted the physiological outcomes of specific exercise training programs (muscular strength, speed, power, and cardiorespiratory) using the Bayesian method. A Bayesian approach uses flexible frameworks to determine the pattern of outcomes. This Bayesian analysis combined data generated by 34 previous studies from 1984 to 2015 to improve estimates of effects; these studies rendered 312 cases. The analyses for age were strong in cardiorespiratory and speed but less in power and muscular strength. Ability level was not a predictor of outcomes in each of the 4 areas. Training weeks contributed to power and cardiorespiratory, but not for speed, whereas for strength the effect size (ES) increased only up to the 16th week. Training frequency was a nonsignificant predictor of ES; most of the included studies within this analysis used only training frequencies of 2 or 3 days. Training intensity clearly contributed to the ES. The pattern of influence for intensity level in strength was greatest between 55 and 80%, in power it increased at 65% and continued in a positive linear pattern, in cardiorespiratory it increased up to 65% and then plateaued, and for speed no inferences could be made.
The Maximal Mechanical Capabilities of Leg Muscles to Generate Velocity and Power Improve at Altitude
Authors: García-Ramos Amador , Štirn Igor , Padial Paulino , Argüelles-Cienfuegos Javier , De la Fuente Blanca , Strojnik Vojko , Feriche Belén 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
García-Ramos, A, Štirn, I, Padial, P, Argüelles-Cienfuegos, J, De la Fuente, B, Strojnik, V, and Feriche, B. The maximal mechanical capabilities of leg extensors muscles to generate velocity and power improve at altitude. J Strength Cond Res 32(2): 475–481, 2018—This study aimed (a) to analyze the effect of an acute exposure to terrestrial altitude on the force-velocity relationship parameters (maximum force [F
0], maximum velocity [V
0], and maximum power [P
0]) during a loaded squat jump (SJ), and (b) to compare unloaded SJ and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance between sea level and altitude conditions. Seventeen international swimmers were tested at sea level (295 m asl) and 7 days later at terrestrial altitude (2,320 m asl) during their first 24 hours of altitude exposure. The maximum values of force and velocity were recorded during a loaded SJ (25–100% of body weight) to determine F
0, V
0, and P
0 parameters. Inconsequential differences between environmental conditions were found for F
0 (p = 0.993, 0.02%). However, V
0 (p = 0.038, 7.6%) and P
0 (p = 0.004, 6.8%) were higher at altitude. Peak values of force (SJ: p = 0.420, 1.19%; CMJ: p = 0.010, 3.6%), power (SJ: p = 0.028, 3.5%; CMJ: p = 0.005, 3.82%), and take-off velocity (SJ: p = 0.071, 1.6%; CMJ: p = 0.009, 1.9%) recorded during the SJ and CMJ were also higher at altitude. These results highlight the potential effect of an acute exposure to terrestrial altitude on enhancing vertical jump performance. The increase in maximal power of the leg muscles at altitude is caused by an improvement in the theoretical maximal velocity at which lower limbs can extend with no significant changes in the theoretical maximal force.
Incidence and Clinical Associations of Childhood Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Majbar Abdalmonem A. , Cusick Eleri , Johnson Paul , Lynn Richard M. , Hunt Linda P. , Shield Julian P.H. 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVES:
To establish the UK incidence and clinical associations of acute pancreatitis (AP) in children aged 0 to 14 years.

METHODS:
Monthly surveillance of new cases of AP in children under 15 years of age through the British Pediatric Surveillance Unit conducted from April 2013 to April 2014 (inclusive) followed by 1-year administrative follow-up for all valid cases.

RESULTS:
Ninety-four cases (48 boys) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria. The median age at diagnosis was 11.2 years (range 1.3–14.9). White children accounted for 61% of the cases compared with 28% from Asian and 5% from African ethnicities. Pakistani children accounted for 18 of 26 (69%) Asian patients and 19% of the total cohort. The incidence of AP in children in the United Kingdom was 0.78 per 100 000/year (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62–0.96). The incidence in Pakistani children (4.55; 95% CI 2.60–7.39) was sevenfold greater than white children (0.63; 95% CI 0.47–0.83). Of the 94 cases, 35 (37%) were idiopathic; other associations were: drug therapy, 18 (19%); gallstones, 12 (13%); hereditary, 7 (7%); organic acidemias, 7 (7%); anatomic anomalies, 5 (5%); viral infections, 3 (3%); systemic diseases, 2 (2%); and trauma 1 (1%). The most common drug associations were asparaginase (28%), azathioprine (17%), and sodium valproate (17%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Although still relatively uncommon in the United Kingdom, on average there is &gt;1 case of childhood AP diagnosed every week. The associations of AP have changed significantly since the 1970–80s. Overrepresentation of Pakistani children is worthy of further investigation.
A conversão socioprofissional das elites: dois casos históricos na Hungria
Authors: Karady Victor 
Published: August 2016

O artigo examina dois casos exemplares de conversão sócio-profissional das elites na Hungria, pontuando tanto as transformações históricas e sociais, quanto às disposições, estratégias e as expectativas dos agentes empenhados em manter ou conquistar posições sociais. No primeiro caso, demonstra-se que, na segunda metade do século XIX, a necessidade de concorrer com outros grupos e o perigo de perder a sua posição privilegiada na sociedade condicionou a tentativa de modernização liberal da nobreza no acordo austro-húngaro. E, no segundo caso, observa-se que, depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial, nos primórdios do regime stalinista impulsionado por uma utopia modernizadora radical e com um elevado nível de educação, foram criadas oportunidades para um grupo social discriminado no passado de se tornar funcionários públicos, inclusive na administração do Estado.
Sustainable energy integration: A real possibility in South America through the Unasur
Authors: Hehl de Sylos cintra Roberta , Maran de Oliveira Celso 
Published: August 2016

This study aims to inspire an initial assessment and subsequent discussion of thebirth and development of the energy policy within the integrative perspective ofthe Union of South American Nations (UNASUR). Once established the role expected by this international entity facing global and regional energy demands, it is intended to ascertain the level of completeness of environmental issues within these negotiations. To achieve the desired goals in this preliminary study provided largely by the search and reading of specific literature, the work begins with an explanation of the origins and institutional bases of UNASUR, showing its previous and explicit goals. In sequence, the research is directly targeted to a study of UNASUR policies that include the plans, strategies and specific regulations for the development of the desired energy framework. Finally, as part of the systematic sequence of this study, it is approached the hybrid fieldof the inclusion of conservation goals and sustainable use of natural resources and its compatibility with the egalitarian energy policy. Finally, it is prospected the presence of sustainability variables of natural resources and its vital importance to the compatibility between poverty reduction in South American countries and the maintenance of the quality of the environment and consequently the human race included on it.
A pesca artesanal na Cidade Velha num contexto de patrimonialização do espaço
Authors: Gonçalves Maria de Lourdes Silva 
Published: August 2016

Na cidade patrimônio de Cabo Verde – Cidade Velha a pesca artesanal é a atividadepredominante das famílias, realizada pelos grupos de parentesco com recurso a uso de tecnologias simples de captura. Este artigo procura analisar a dinâmica da pesca no contexto da patrimonialização da cidade e compreender as estratégias adotadas pelos pescadores diante às restrições ambientais e patrimoniais visando à continuidade da atividade na cidade.
La asamblea, el teatro y el pensamiento de la decisión en la democracia ateniense
Authors: Gallego Julián Alejandro 
Published: August 2016

El artículo analiza el funcionamiento de la asamblea ateniense durante el siglo V a. C., tomando en cuenta los efectos del uso del discurso persuasivo, así como el proceso de pensamiento que se desarrollaba en ese espacio colectivo. En función de esto, se consideran las formas de participación del público, comparándolas con la actuación de la audiencia en el teatro. Se plantea asimismo la hipótesis de una homología entre asamblea y teatro. Finalmente se hace hincapié en el rol de lo emocional en la toma de decisiones.
Catulo, c. 59. El castigo de Rufa
Authors: Zaina Emilio 
Published: August 2016

El poema 59 de Catulo ha recibido escasa atención de la crítica especializada, probablemente por su apariencia fragmentaria y su obscenidad irremisible. También por el lugar que ocupa en la colección y por estar dirigido a una mujer de ínfima condición que aparece sólo una vez en todo el corpus. Sin embargo, los versos del c. 59 pertenecen con todo derecho al universo catuliano por su contenido y también por su técnica compositiva.
Dieta saludable, alimentos puros y purificación en el mundo grecolatino
Authors: Lejavitzer Lapoujade Amalia 
Published: August 2016

A partir del análisis de diversos textos de autores de la antigüedad clásica, entre ellos De re coquinaria atribuido a Apicio y De abstinentia de Porfirio, este artículo analiza la noción de pureza alimentaria, como condición no sólo para el mantenimiento de la salud mediante una dieta saludable, sino también como una preocupación del individuo que busca ser óptimo en el terreno de la moral. En primer lugar, se estudia el concepto de dieta, como parte de la terapéutica. Para los griegos y romanos de la antigüedad, además de una alimentación saludable, descanso y ejercicios, la dieta incluía baños y purgas, ambos elementos vinculados con la idea de purificación. En segundo lugar, se comparan los términos latinos usados para describir un alimento “puro”: crudus, recens, viridis and purus, en especial referidos al aceite de oliva y a la miel, los cuales son considerados los alimentos puros por antonomasia. Se concluye con una definición de pureza alimentaria, es decir, referida a aquellos alimentos que no requieren ni cocción ni preservación para su consumo, y que pueden ser consumidos sin mezcla ni adición de ningún producto, en donde, además, la intervención del hombre es nula o mínima. En suma, la noción de pureza trasciende los límites de la dietética, cobra un valor metafórico que la proyecta en la dimensión de la moral.
Yogabῑja: a Critical Transcription of a Text on a Haṭhayoga
Authors: Muñoz Adrián 
Published: August 2016

Este trabajo brinda una transcripción crítica de un texto temprano e importante en materia de haṭhayoga. La transcripción se basa en tres recensiones procedentes tanto del norte como del sur de India. Uno de los propósitos es tratar de solventar algunos problemas de interpretación causados por las discrepancias existentes entre diferentes ediciones del texto. Además, busca fomentar la labor académica, exegética y filológica, entre los estudiosos tanto en torno de este texto, como de la tradición textual del haṭhayoga.
Pojednanie publicznych pokutników w liturgii rzymskiej
Authors: Lijka Kazimierz 
Published: August 2016

W IV wieku, kiedy nastał czas wolności dla religii chrześcijańskiej, liturgiczne obrzędy zaczęły podlegać szybkiemu rozwojowi – dotyczyło to również liturgii pokuty. W tym okresie za ciężkie grzechy znane publicznie trzeba było odprawić pokutę publiczną. Do grona pokutników włączano w Środę Popielcową, a pojednanie odbywało się w Wielki Czwartek. Pierwsze obrzędy takiej celebracji, zawarte w Sacramentarium gelasianum z VII wieku, w późniejszym okresie będą jeszcze bardziej rozwinięte w średniowiecznych pontyfikałach. Pontyfikał rzymski z 1596 roku przejął obrzędy z Pontyfikału Duranda. Liturgia pojednania publicznych pokutników przetrwała w niektórych miejscach do XVIII wieku. Sprawowano ją uroczyście pod przewodnictwem biskupa, w obecności duchowieństwa, służby liturgicznej i wiernych. W rytuale wydanym po Soborze Watykańskim II nie ma już mowy o publicznych pokutnikach ani o obrzędach, które towarzyszyły ich pojednaniu.
Oratorium w Rzymie od XVII do XVIII wieku
Authors: Smolarek Dariusz 
Published: August 2016

Do powstania nowego wokalno-instrumentalnego gatunku muzycznego, który bujnie rozkwitał w okresie baroku, przyczyniła się działalność rzymskiego kapłana św. Filipa Neriego. W specjalnie na ten cel przeznaczonym budynku – zwanym w języku włoskim oratorio – organizował nabożeństwa połączone ze śpiewaniem laud. Pojęcie „oratorium”, pierwotnie oznaczające pomieszczenie modlitewne, odnoszono później do nieliturgicznych i muzycznych nabożeństw, które tam odprawiano. Laudi spiritualistopniowo zastąpione przez madrigali spirituali i motetti concertati posiadały często charakter śpiewów dialogowanych. Z tych form, w I połowie XVII wieku wykształciły się dwa typy oratorium: ludowe (oratorio volgare) i łacińskie (oratorio latino). Treścią kompozycji był nieliturgiczny tekst religijny, który czerpiąc inspiracje z Biblii, przedstawiał: starotestamentalne historie i postaci, nowotestamentalne wydarzenia i przypowieści, a także alegoryczne dialogi pomiędzy Chrystusem i duszą chrześcijanina. W oratorium, śpiewacy, którym towarzyszyła orkiestra (a niekiedy chór), wykonując określone role dramatu, nie korzystali ze środków gry aktorskiej. Oratorium jako nośnik treści religijnej służyło liturgii i stawało się jej dopełnieniem.