bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Reaction of SO2 on Manganese Oxides: the Effect of Crystal Structure and Relative Humidity
Authors: Yang Weiwei , Zhang Jianghao , Ma Qingxin , Zhao Yan , Liu Yongchun , He Hong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractManganese oxides from anthropogenic sources can promote the formation of sulfate through catalytic oxidation of SO2. In this study, the kinetics of SO2 reactions on MnO2 with different morphologies (α, β, γ and δ) was investigated using flow tube reactor and in situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Under dry conditions, the reactivity towards SO2 uptake was highest on δ-MnO2 but lowest on β-MnO2, with a geometric uptake coefficient (γobs) of (2.42 ± 0.13) ×10–2 and a corrected uptake coefficient (γc) of (1.48 ± 0.21) ×10−6 for the former while γobs of (3.35 ± 0.43) ×10−3 and γc of (7.46 ± 2.97) ×10−7 for the latter. Under wet conditions, the presence of water altered the chemical form of sulfate and was in favor for the heterogeneous oxidation of SO2. The maximum sulfate formation rate was reached at 25% RH and 45% for δ-MnO2 and γ-MnO2, respectively, possibly due to their different crystal structures. The results suggest that morphologies and RH are important factors influencing the heterogeneous reaction of SO2 on mineral aerosols, and that aqueous oxidation process involving transition metals of Mn might be a potential important pathway for SO2 oxidation in the atmosphere.
Lack of evidence for involvement of TonEBP and hyperosmotic stimulus in induction of autophagy in the nucleus pulposus
Authors: Liu Chao , Choi Hyowon , Johnson Zariel I. , Tian Jiwei , Shapiro Irving M. , Risbud Makarand V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNucleus pulposus (NP) cells reside in a physiologically hyperosmotic environment within the intervertebral disc. TonEBP/NFAT5 is an osmo-sensitive transcription factor that controls expression of genes critical for cell survival under hyperosmotic conditions. A recent report on NP and studies of other cell types have shown that hyperosmolarity triggers autophagy. However, little is known whether such autophagy induction occurs through TonEBP. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of TonEBP in hyperosmolarity-dependent autophagy in NP. Loss-of-function studies showed that autophagy in NP cells was not TonEBP-dependent; hyperosmolarity did not upregulate autophagy as previously reported. NP tissue of haploinsufficient TonEBP mice showed normal pattern of LC3 staining. NP cells did not increase LC3-II or LC3-positive puncta under hyperosmotic conditions. Bafilomycin-A1 treatment and tandem mCherry-EGFP-LC3B reporter transfection demonstrated that the autophagic flux was unaffected by hyperosmolarity. Even under serum-free conditions, NP cells did not induce autophagy with increasing osmolarity. Hyperosmolarity did not change the phosphorylation of ULK1 by mTOR and AMPK. Anex vivodisc organ culture study supported that extracellular hyperosmolarity plays no role in promoting autophagy in the NP. We conclude that hyperosmolarity does not play a role in autophagy induction in NP cells.
Endotoxin tolerance in mast cells, its consequences for IgE-mediated signalling, and the effects of BCL3 deficiency
Authors: Poplutz Magdalena , Levikova Maryna , Lüscher-Firzlaff Juliane , Lesina Marina , Algül Hana , Lüscher Bernhard , Huber Michael 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin) not only causes rapid production of proinflammatory cytokines, but also induces a state of LPS hypo-responsiveness to a second LPS stimulation (endotoxin tolerance (ET)). Murine bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) and peritoneal MCs (PMCs) developed ET as shown by an abrogated production ofIl6/TnfRNAs and IL-6/TNF-α proteins. In naive BMMCs, LPS stimulation induced a transient decline in the trimethylation of lysine 9 of the core histone H3 (H3K9me3), a suppressive chromatin mark, at theIl6/Tnfpromoters, which correlated with p50(NFκB) and p65(NFκB) binding. Both demethylation and NFκB binding were abrogated in tolerant cells. In addition, cytosolic NFκB activation was suppressed in tolerant BMMCs. Intriguingly, antigen stimulation of naive and tolerant MCs induced comparable production ofIl6/Tnfand IL-6/TNF-α, although ET also affected antigen-triggered activation of NFκB; pharmacological analysis indicated the importance of Ca2+-dependent transcription in this respect. In macrophages, the IκB member BCL3 is induced by LPS and known to be involved in ET, which was not corroborated comparing wild-type andBcl3-deficient BMMCs. Interestingly,Bcl3-deficient PMCs produce markedly increased amounts of IL-6/TNF-α after LPS stimulation. Collectively, ET in MCs is BCL3-independent, however, in PMCs, BCL3 negatively regulates immediate LPS-induced cytokine production and quantitatively affects ET.
A multiscale dataset for understanding complex eco-hydrological processes in a heterogeneous oasis system
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Shaomin , Xiao Qin , Ma Mingguo , Jin Rui , Che Tao , Wang Weizhen , Hu Xiaoli , Xu Ziwei , Wen Jianguang , Wang Liangxu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe introduce a multiscale dataset obtained from Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER) in an oasis-desert area in 2012. Upscaling of eco-hydrological processes on a heterogeneous surface is a grand challenge. Progress in this field is hindered by the poor availability of multiscale observations. HiWATER is an experiment designed to address this challenge through instrumentation on hierarchically nested scales to obtain multiscale and multidisciplinary data. The HiWATER observation system consists of a flux observation matrix of eddy covariance towers, large aperture scintillometers, and automatic meteorological stations; an eco-hydrological sensor network of soil moisture and leaf area index; hyper-resolution airborne remote sensing using LiDAR, imaging spectrometer, multi-angle thermal imager, and L-band microwave radiometer; and synchronical ground measurements of vegetation dynamics, and photosynthesis processes. All observational data were carefully quality controlled throughout sensor calibration, data collection, data processing, and datasets generation. The data are freely available at figshare and the Cold and Arid Regions Science Data Centre. The data should be useful for elucidating multiscale eco-hydrological processes and developing upscaling methods.
Perceptually Salient Sound Distortions and Apraxia of Speech: A Performance Continuum
Authors: Haley Katarina L. , Jacks Adam , Richardson Jessica D. , Wambaugh Julie L. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
We sought to characterize articulatory distortions in apraxia of speech and aphasia with phonemic paraphasia and to evaluate the diagnostic validity of error frequency of distortion and distorted substitution in differentiating between these disorders.

Method
Study participants were 66 people with speech sound production difficulties after left-hemisphere stroke or trauma. They were divided into 2 groups on the basis of word syllable duration, which served as an external criterion for speaking rate in multisyllabic words and an index of likely speech diagnosis. Narrow phonetic transcriptions were completed for audio-recorded clinical motor speech evaluations, using 29 diacritic marks.

Results
Partial voicing and altered vowel tongue placement were common in both groups, and changes in consonant manner and place were also observed. The group with longer word syllable duration produced significantly more distortion and distorted-substitution errors than did the group with shorter word syllable duration, but variations were distributed on a performance continuum that overlapped substantially between groups.

Conclusions
Segment distortions in focal left-hemisphere lesions can be captured with a customized set of diacritic marks. Frequencies of distortions and distorted substitutions are valid diagnostic criteria for apraxia of speech, but further development of quantitative criteria and dynamic performance profiles is necessary for clinical utility.
Range and Precision of Formant Movement in Pediatric Dysarthria
Authors: Allison Kristen M. , Annear Lucas , Policicchio Marisa , Hustad Katherine C. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
This study aimed to improve understanding of speech characteristics associated with dysarthria in children with cerebral palsy by analyzing segmental and global formant measures in single-word and sentence contexts.

Method
Ten 5-year-old children with cerebral palsy and dysarthria and 10 age-matched, typically developing children participated in this study. Vowel space area and second formant interquartile range were measured from children's elicited productions of single words and sentences.

Results
Results showed that the children with dysarthria had significantly smaller vowel space areas than typically developing children in both word and sentence contexts; however, overall ranges of second formant movement did not differ between groups in word or sentence contexts. Additional analysis of single words revealed that, compared to typical children, children with dysarthria had smaller second formant interquartile ranges in single words with phonetic contexts requiring large changes in vocal tract configuration, but not in single words with monophthongs.

Conclusions
Results of this study suggest that children with dysarthria may not have globally reduced ranges of articulatory movement compared to typically developing peers; however, they do exhibit reduced precision in producing phonetic targets.
Kinematic Analysis of Speech Sound Sequencing Errors Induced by Delayed Auditory Feedback
Authors: Cler Gabriel J. , Lee Jackson C. , Mittelman Talia , Stepp Cara E. , Bohland Jason W. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
Delayed auditory feedback (DAF) causes speakers to become disfluent and make phonological errors. Methods for assessing the kinematics of speech errors are lacking, with most DAF studies relying on auditory perceptual analyses, which may be problematic, as errors judged to be categorical may actually represent blends of sounds or articulatory errors.

Method
Eight typical speakers produced nonsense syllable sequences under normal and DAF (200 ms). Lip and tongue kinematics were captured with electromagnetic articulography. Time-locked acoustic recordings were transcribed, and the kinematics of utterances with and without perceived errors were analyzed with existing and novel quantitative methods.

Results
New multivariate measures showed that for 5 participants, kinematic variability for productions perceived to be error free was significantly increased under delay; these results were validated by using the spatiotemporal index measure. Analysis of error trials revealed both typical productions of a nontarget syllable and productions with articulatory kinematics that incorporated aspects of both the target and the perceived utterance.

Conclusions
This study is among the first to characterize articulatory changes under DAF and provides evidence for different classes of speech errors, which may not be perceptually salient. New methods were developed that may aid visualization and analysis of large kinematic data sets.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5103067
Effects of Blocked and Random Practice Schedule on Outcomes of Sound Production Treatment for Acquired Apraxia of Speech: Results of a Group Investigation
Authors: Wambaugh Julie L. , Nessler Christina , Wright Sandra , Mauszycki Shannon C. , DeLong Catharine , Berggren Kiera , Bailey Dallin J. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of schedule of practice (i.e., blocked vs. random) on outcomes of Sound Production Treatment (SPT; Wambaugh, Kalinyak-Fliszar, West, & Doyle, 1998) for speakers with chronic acquired apraxia of speech and aphasia.

Method
A combination of group and single-case experimental designs was used. Twenty participants each received SPT administered with randomized stimuli presentation (SPT-R) and SPT applied with blocked stimuli presentation (SPT-B). Treatment effects were examined with respect to accuracy of articulation as measured in treated and untreated experimental words produced during probes.

Results
All participants demonstrated improved articulation of treated items with both practice schedules. Effect sizes were calculated to estimate magnitude of change for treated and untreated items by treatment condition. No significant differences were found for SPT-R and SPT-B relative to effect size. Percent change over the highest baseline performance was also calculated to provide a clinically relevant indication of improvement. Change scores associated with SPT-R were significantly higher than those for SPT-B for treated items but not untreated items.

Conclusion
SPT can result in improved articulation regardless of schedule of practice. However, SPT-R may result in greater gains for treated items.

Supplemental Materials

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5116831
Versatility of Free Cutaneous Flaps for Upper Extremity Soft Tissue Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Howard , Alonso-Escalante Jose , Cho Brian , DeJesus Ramon 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe goals of upper extremity soft tissue reconstruction should go well beyond providing coverage and restoring function. As the field of reconstructive microsurgery has evolved, free cutaneous flaps (FCFs) are gaining wider application. The advantages of FCF include minimizing donor-site morbidity by preserving the muscle and fascia, improving versatility of flap design, and superior aesthetic results. This review highlights the application of anterolateral thigh, superficial circumflex iliac artery, deep inferior epigastric perforator, superficial inferior epigastric artery, and flow-through flaps for reconstruction of upper extremity defects. These flaps share several qualities in common: well-concealed donor sites, preservation of major arteries responsible of providing inflow to distal extremity, and potential for a two-team approach (donor and recipient sites). While the choice of flaps should be decided based on individual patient and defect characteristics, FCF should be considered as excellent options to achieve the goals of upper extremity reconstruction.
Triplet–triplet energy transfer in artificial and natural photosynthetic antennas
Authors: Ho Junming , Kish Elizabeth , Méndez-Hernández Dalvin D. , WongCarter Katherine , Pillai Smitha , Kodis Gerdenis , Niklas Jens , Poluektov Oleg G. , Gust Devens , Moore Thomas A. , Moore Ana L. , Batista Victor S. , Robert Bruno 
Published: June 2017

SignificanceRapid chlorophyll-to-carotenoid triplet–triplet energy transfer (T-TET) in photosynthetic organisms is crucial to photoprotection from singlet oxygen. Photosynthesis reengineered for increased efficiency will result in increased oxygen levels in the cells, and the need to ensure adequately rapid T-TET will arise. Using a combination of theoretical and experimental studies on artificial and natural carotenoid–chlorophyll complexes, we have identified spectroscopic markers indicative of specific pigment–pigment interactions promoting fast T-TET. These interactions comprise essential design principles necessary for photoprotection in reengineered photosynthesis. Antenna systems from anoxygenic organisms suitably reengineered for photoprotection could be used to gather solar energy in the near infrared, which would markedly increase photosynthetic efficiency by better matching the solar spectrum to water oxidation and CO2reduction.
Protein homeostasis of a metastable subproteome associated with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kundra Rishika , Ciryam Prajwal , Morimoto Richard I. , Dobson Christopher M. , Vendruscolo Michele 
Published: June 2017

SignificanceAlzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder whose molecular origins have been associated with the dysregulation of a set of metastable proteins prone to aggregation. Under conditions of cellular and organismal health, the protein homeostasis system prevents effectively the misfolding and aggregation of these metastable proteins. Although it is well established that such regulatory mechanisms become progressively impaired with aging, resulting in an accumulation of protein deposits, the specific nature of such impairment has remained incompletely characterized. Through a gene coexpression analysis, here we identify the endosomal–lysosomal and ubiquitin–proteasome systems, and more generally the protein trafficking and clearance mechanisms, as key components of the protein homeostasis system that maintains the metastable proteins in their functional states.
Nonenzymatic gluconeogenesis-like formation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate in ice
Authors: Messner Christoph B. , Driscoll Paul C. , Piedrafita Gabriel , De Volder Michael F. L. , Ralser Markus 
Published: June 2017

Significance
It is still unknown how an early metabolism produced the sugar phosphates central for life. We provide evidence that gluconeogenesis, the anabolic counterpart to glycolysis, could have emerged nonenzymatically. We describe that the gluconeogenic carbon-bond–forming reaction has a nonenzymatic pendant that occurs in ice and that leads to the accumulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate as (re-)built from glycolytic catabolites. As a nonenzymatic glycolysis has been described previously, the discovery of this reaction could both help to explain the origin of the larger cellular sugar phosphates and provide a scenario in which an early metabolic system was able to escape equilibrium. The reaction further hints that the earliest anabolic enzymes could have been as simple as single amino acids.
Rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing using nanoliter arrays
Authors: Avesar Jonathan , Rosenfeld Dekel , Truman-Rosentsvit Marianna , Ben-Arye Tom , Geffen Yuval , Bercovici Moran , Levenberg Shulamit 
Published: June 2017

Significance
Antibiotic resistance is fueled by antibiotic misuse and has become a major global health concern. The phenomenon warrants improved diagnostics that can more rapidly and efficiently elucidate information about the infectious agent to aid in establishing a more targeted and knowledge-based treatment regimen. This paper introduces a rapid antibiotic susceptibility test and automated data analysis algorithm that can, unlike traditional methods, deliver results on the same working day in an efficient and translatable manner for clinical use. This paper also introduces a method for direct urine testing that can help save days of diagnosis time. The platform is expected to promote more judicious use of antibiotics, thereby reducing the emergence of antibiotic resistance, lowering healthcare costs and ultimately saving lives.
Spatially resolved multicolor CsPbX
3
nanowire heterojunctions via anion exchange
Authors: Dou Letian , Lai Minliang , Kley Christopher S. , Yang Yiming , Bischak Connor G. , Zhang Dandan , Eaton Samuel W. , Ginsberg Naomi S. , Yang Peidong 
Published: June 2017

Significance
Semiconductor heterojunction is a key building block in modern electronics and optoelectronics. The accurate control over the composition, band gap, energy level (band bending), and doping level is the foundation of ideal functional heterojunctions. We demonstrate highly spatially resolved heterojunctions in a type of semiconductor, halide perovskites, which show great potential in photovoltaic and solid-state lighting applications. We accomplish this through the combination of facile anion-exchange chemistry with nanofabrication techniques. The halide perovskite nanowire heterojunction provides an ideal platform for fundamental studies and technological applications. For example, multicolor lasers or LEDs could be made using such localized heterojunctions; quantitative interdiffusion and ion migration dynamics could be examined at elevated temperatures, etc.
Evolution of immune chemoreceptors into sensors of the outside world
Authors: Dietschi Quentin , Tuberosa Joël , Rösingh Lone , Loichot Gregory , Ruedi Manuel , Carleton Alan , Rodriguez Ivan 
Published: June 2017

Significance
Immune formyl peptide receptors (Fprs) evolved in rodents from expression in immune cells to be transcribed in olfactory sensory neurons. Explaining the initial neuronal acquisition, we found that an Fpr coding exon landed in front of a vomeronasal receptor promoter, hijacking its expression pattern. This type of gene shuffling occurred twice in the mouse lineage, many million years apart, leading to the exclusive expression of Fprs in the two main populations of vomeronasal sensory neurons. Finally, we demonstrate that the immune expression of one of the mouse vomeronasal Fprs can be restored via the production of an intergenic transcript. Thus, we provide the complete history of genomic events that led to a model case of evolutionary neofunctionalization in a mammal.
Optimal multivalent targeting of membranes with many distinct receptors
Authors: Curk Tine , Dobnikar Jure , Frenkel Daan 
Published: June 2017

Significance
A key challenge in biomedical research is the ability to specifically target cells and tissues. Targeting typically relies on identifying a suitable marker, e.g., a highly expressed receptor, and choosing a ligand that strongly and specifically binds to the marker. However, this procedure fails when a suitable marker unique to the targeted cells cannot be identified, notably in many forms of cancer. We show that properly designed multivalent targeting of multiple cognate receptor types results in a specificity toward a chosen receptor density profile, thus demonstrating a general route toward targeting cells without particularly dominant markers.
Simulating tactile signals from the whole hand with millisecond precision
Authors: Saal Hannes P. , Delhaye Benoit P. , Rayhaun Brandon C. , Bensmaia Sliman J. 
Published: June 2017

Significance
When we grasp an object, thousands of tactile nerve fibers become activated and inform us about its physical properties (e.g., shape, size, and texture). Although the properties of individual fibers have been described, our understanding of how object information is encoded in populations of fibers remains primitive. To fill this gap, we have developed a simulation of tactile fibers that incorporates much of what is known about skin mechanics and tactile nerve fibers. We show that simulated fibers match biological ones across a wide range of conditions sampled from the literature. We then show how this simulation can reveal previously unknown ways in which populations of nerve fibers cooperate to convey sensory information and discuss the implications for bionic hands.
CIDE domains form functionally important higher-order assemblies for DNA fragmentation
Authors: Choi Jae Young , Qiao Qi , Hong Se-Hoon , Kim Chang Min , Jeong Jae-Hee , Kim Yeon-Gil , Jung Yong-Keun , Wu Hao , Park Hyun Ho 
Published: June 2017

Significance
Cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector (CIDE) domains, initially identified in apoptotic nucleases, form a highly conserved family with diverse functions ranging from cell death to lipid homeostasis and synaptic regulation. Through structural determination of two CIDE family proteins, Drep2 and Drep4, we found that CIDE domains can form helical oligomers. Our results reveal that such higher-order structures not only are conserved in the CIDE family, but also are critically important for both DNA fragmentation and lipid droplet fusion. Therefore, our findings identify the CIDE domain as a scaffolding component for higher-order structure assembly. Our results expand the importance of higher-order structures from the established field of immune signaling to broader biological functions.