bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NEIGHBOURHOOD POVERTY, PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION AND CENTRAL ADIPOSITY IN THE USA: INDEPENDENT ASSOCIATIONS IN A REPEATED MEASURES ANALYSIS
Authors: Kwarteng Jamila L. , Schulz Amy J. , Mentz Graciela B. , Israel Barbara A. , Shanks Trina R. , Perkins Denise White 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis study examines the independent effects of neighbourhood context (i.e. neighbourhood poverty) and exposure to perceived discrimination in shaping risk of obesity over time. Weighted three-level hierarchical linear regression models for a continuous outcome were used to assess the independent effects of neighbourhood poverty and perceived discrimination on obesity over time in a sample of 157 non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White and Hispanic adults in Detroit, USA, in 2002/2003 and 2007/2008. Independent associations were found between neighbourhood poverty and perceived discrimination with central adiposity over time. Residents of neighbourhoods with high concentrations of poverty were more likely to show increases in central adiposity compared with those in neighbourhoods with lower concentrations of poverty. In models adjusted for BMI, neighbourhood poverty at baseline was associated with a greater change in central adiposity among participants who lived in neighbourhoods in the second (B=3.79, p=0.025) and third (B=3.73, p=0.024) poverty quartiles, compared with those in the lowest poverty neighbourhoods. The results from models that included both neighbourhood poverty and perceived discrimination showed that both were associated with increased risk of increased central adiposity over time. Residents of neighbourhoods in the second (B=9.58, p<0.001), third (B=8.25, p=0.004) and fourth (B=7.66, p=0.030) quartiles of poverty were more likely to show greater increases in central adiposity over time, compared with those in the lowest poverty quartile, with mean discrimination at baseline independently and positively associated with increases in central adiposity over time (B=2.36, p=0.020). The results suggest that neighbourhood poverty and perceived discrimination are independently associated with a heightened risk of increase in central adiposity over time. Efforts to address persistent disparities in central adiposity in the USA should include strategies to reduce high concentrations of neighbourhood poverty as well as discrimination.
III.—Reciprocity. Part V: Reciprocal Spinor Functions
Authors: Fuchs Klaus 
Published: May 2016

SummaryWith the help of a natural generalisation of the invariant scalar product for two spinor functions the invariant Fourier transformation of a spinor function can be defined, apart from a normalising factor. Assuming this factor as unity, the Fourier transformation of the solutions of Dirac's wave equation and its reciprocal are derived. The construction of reciprocal spinor functions leads to a transcendental equation for µ = ab/ħ which differs from that of the scalar case; but its roots are very similar to the latter.
X-ray coherent mirage: Generation of phase – matched coherent point source in plasma media by propagated X-ray laser seeded beam
Authors: Faenov A.Ya. , Pikuz T.A. , Magnitskiy S.A. , Nagorskiy N. , Tanaka M. , Ishino M. , Nishikino M. , Kando M. , Kodama R. , Kato Y. , Kawachi T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe overview of the recent results for discovery and investigations of a very exotic phenomenon – optical mirage in the X-ray spectral range – is presented. It was found that the mirage could be created in the form of coherent virtual point source, emerging in the vicinity of the second plasma in two-stage oscillator-amplifier X-ray laser. The X-ray source-mirage, rigidly phased with the initial radiation of generator, occurs only when amplification takes place in the amplifier plasma and leads to the appearance of the interference pattern in the form of concentric rings in the spatial profile of the output X-ray laser beam. The equation describing the emergence of X-ray mirage was found, numerical solution of which shows that its formation is similar to that of the optical mirages observed at propagation of light rays through an inhomogeneously heated air. Obtained results have already demonstrated novel comprehension into the physical nature of amplification of X-ray radiation, opening additional opportunities for X-ray interferometry, holography, and other applications, which require multiple rigidly phased sources of coherent radiation.
Path planning in distorted configuration space
Authors: Chen Chao 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYAn effective algorithm for path planning is introduced based on a novel concept, the distorted configuration space (DC-space), where all obstacles deform into dimensionless geometric objects. Path planning in this space can be conducted by simply connecting the starting position and ending position with a straight line. This linear path in the DC-space is then mapped back into a feasible in the original C-space. The advantage of this approach is that no trial-and-error or iteration is needed while a feasible path can be found directly if it exists. An algorithm with general formulas is derived. Examples in 2D and 3D are provided to validate this concept and algorithm.
Pig housing and human health
Authors: Watson R. D. , Friend J. A. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStudies in the USA, Sweden and the Netherlands have shown that workers in enclosed piggeries have high levels of respiratory injury, apparently caused or exacerbated by inhaled factors in their working environment. Three types of airborne hazard are known in piggeries — gases, dusts and infectious agents such as bacteria.Of the gases that accumulate in enclosed piggeries, carbon dioxide, methane and carbon monoxide, are asphyxiating, while dihydrogen sulphide and ammonia are irritant and toxic. The long-term effects of exposure to subclinical concentrations of these gases and their rôle in producing chronic respiratory effects in workers are unknown.Studies have shown that organic dusts occur in enclosed piggeries at undesirably high concentrations and that a relatively high proportion of this dust is respirable. The components of these dusts consist mostly of fractions of foodstuffs and pig faeces but with significant amounts of pigskin and pig gut epithelial cells. Also microbes, especially fungi and bacteria, have been found to be numerous. Different components of piggery dust could be irritant, toxic, allergenic, inflammatory or infectious, and a single component could have more than one of these effects. Studies suggest that bacterial endotoxins are present in the dust of enclosed piggeries at concentrations that could induce respiratory diseases in workers.It is recommended that in designing piggeries more attention should be given to the health and comfort of piggery workers and that a survey be carried out immediately to assess the level of respiratory disease in British piggery workers. Also a greater effort should be put into the health education of piggery workers and managers and of those involved in piggery design. Practical and effective systems for the control of dust and gas levels in piggeries, and appropriate management techniques, need to be developed for new piggeries and for already constructed buildings, and the financial cost of poor control of dust and gas contaminants brought home to producers. Overall, a watching brief needs to be maintained on trends in the design and management of pig rearing systems for their likely impact on workers' health.
Diet quality before or during pregnancy and the relationship with pregnancy and birth outcomes: the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health
Authors: Gresham Ellie , Collins Clare E , Mishra Gita D , Byles Julie E , Hure Alexis J 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether diet quality before or during pregnancy predicts adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes in a sample of Australian women.DesignThe Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies was used to calculate diet quality using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) methodology modified for pregnancy.SettingA population-based cohort participating in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH).SubjectsA national sample of Australian women, aged 20–25 and 31–36 years, who were classified as preconception or pregnant when completing Survey 3 or Survey 5 of the ALSWH, respectively. The 1907 women with biologically plausible energy intake estimates were included in regression analyses of associations between preconception and pregnancy ARFS and subsequent pregnancy outcomes.ResultsPreconception and pregnancy groups were combined as no significant differences were detected for total and component ARFS. Women with gestational hypertension, compared with those without, had lower scores for total ARFS, vegetable, fruit, grain and nuts/bean/soya components. Women with gestational diabetes had a higher score for the vegetable component only, and women who had a low-birth-weight infant had lower scores for total ARFS and the grain component, compared with those who did not report these outcomes. Women with the highest ARFS had the lowest odds of developing gestational hypertension (OR=0·4; 95 % CI 0·2, 0·7) or delivering a child of low birth weight (OR=0·4; 95 % CI 0·2, 0·9), which remained significant for gestational hypertension after adjustment for potential confounders.ConclusionsA high-quality diet before and during pregnancy may reduce the risk of gestational hypertension for the mother.
«Die Welt nicht zu klein werden lassen»
Authors: Chabloz-Süssenbach Christiane , Sailer Schramm Monique , Stoll Hansruedi , Spirig Rebecca 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Menschen mit einer Krebserkrankung und ihre Angehörigen erleben viele Übergänge in den letzten Lebensmonaten. Sie vollziehen psychologische Anpassungsprozesse während der Veränderungen. Dies erfordert Strategien, um die Lebensqualität zu erhalten. Deutschsprachige Studien liegen hierzu nicht vor. Fragestellung: Welche Erfahrungen machen Menschen mit einer fortgeschrittenen Krebserkrankung und ihre Angehörigen mit dem Krankheitsmanagement während der Übergänge im letzten Lebensjahr? Methode: Im Rahmen der qualitativen Studie befragten wir in leitfadengestützten Interviews fünf Dyaden, bestehend aus Betroffenen mit Karnofsky-Index ≥ 60 % sowie einer Lebenserwartung von sechs bis zwölf Monaten und ihren nächsten Angehörigen. Die Interviewauswertung erfolgte anhand der Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring. Ergebnisse: Das Hauptthema «Die Welt nicht zu klein werden lassen» macht deutlich, dass Einschränkungen die Lebenswelt kleiner werden ließen und die Betroffenen dagegen ankämpften. Dies zeigt sich in drei Kategorien: «Von der Diagnose geschockt sein – sich neu orientieren müssen», «Einschränkungen und Verluste ertragen – neue Wege im Alltagsleben finden», «In Ungewissheit leben – miteinander ausharren». Schlussfolgerung: Dyaden bewegen sich in Lebenswelten, die sich aufgrund verschiedener Übergänge verändern. Dies erfordert von Fachpersonen besondere Aufmerksamkeit und vertiefte Kenntnis. Deutschsprachige Studien werden zielführend sein, um die Praxis weiterzuentwickeln.
Was uns wirklich trägt
Authors: Anderl-Doliwa Brigitte 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung. Das zentrale Thema dieses Artikels ist die Frage nach dem «Wie»? Wie können wir Menschen dabeizu unterstützen, wieder Kraft zu erlangen, die ihnen hilft an momentan schwierigen Lebenssituationen und Leiden nicht zu zerbrechen? Wie können wir eine Hilfe dabei sein, das «Einbiegen» in einen zufriedenstellenderen Lebensweg zu erzielen?
Mitochondria mediates caspase-dependent and independent retinal cell death in Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis
Authors: Singh P K , Kumar A 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBacterial endophthalmitis, a vision-threatening complication of ocular surgery or trauma, is characterized by increased intraocular inflammation and retinal tissue damage. Although significant vision loss in endophthalmitis has been linked to retinal cell death, the underlying mechanisms of cell death remain elusive. In this study, using a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis and cultured human retinal Müller glia (MIO-M1 cell line), we demonstrate that S. aureus caused significant apoptotic cell death in the mouse retina and Müller glia, as evidenced by increased number of terminal dUTP nick end labeling and Annexin V and propidium iodide-positive cells. Immunohistochemistry and western blot studies revealed the reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1 staining), release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, translocation of Bax to the mitochondria and the activation of caspase-9 and -3 in S. aureus-infected retina/retinal cells. In addition, the activation of PARP-1 and the release of apoptosis inducing factor from mitochondria was also observed in S. aureus-infected retinal cells. Inhibition studies using pan-caspase (Q-VD-OPH) and PARP-1 (DPQ) inhibitors showed significant reduction in S. aureus-induced retinal cell death both in vivo and in vitro. Together, our findings demonstrate that in bacterial endophthalmitis, retinal cells undergo apoptosis in the both caspase-dependent and independent manners, and mitochondria have a central role in this process. Hence, targeting the identified signaling pathways may provide the rationale to design therapeutic interventions to prevent bystander retinal tissue damage in bacterial endophthalmitis.
Migration and invasion is inhibited by silencing ROR1 and ROR2 in chemoresistant ovarian cancer
Authors: Henry C E , Llamosas E , Djordjevic A , Hacker N F , Ford C E 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOvarian cancer survival remains poor despite recent advances in our understanding of genetic profiles. Unfortunately, the majority of ovarian cancer patients have recurrent disease after chemotherapy and lack other treatment options. Wnt signalling has been extensively implicated in cancer progression and chemoresistance. Therefore, we investigated the previously described Wnt receptors ROR1 and ROR2 as regulators of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a clinically relevant cell line model. The parental A2780- and cisplatin-resistant A2780-cis cell lines were used as a model of ovarian cancer chemoresistance. Proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion were measured after transient overexpression of ROR1 and ROR2 in the parental A2780 cell line, and silencing of ROR1 and ROR2 in the A2780-cis cell line. Here we show that ROR1 and ROR2 expression is increased in A2780-cis cells, alongside β-catenin-independent Wnt targets. Knockdown of ROR1 and ROR2 significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion and simultaneous knockdown of ROR1 and ROR2 significantly sensitised cells to cisplatin, whilereas ROR overexpression in the parental cell line increased cell invasion. Therefore, ROR1 and ROR2 have the potential as novel drug targets in metastatic and recurrent ovarian cancer patients.
PTEN negatively regulates mTORC2 formation and signaling in grade IV glioma via Rictor hyperphosphorylation at Thr1135 and direct the mode of action of an mTORC1/2 inhibitor
Authors: Bhattacharya K , Maiti S , Mandal C 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTo investigate the role of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) in mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) signaling in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), we found higher activation of mTORC2 in PTENmu cells, as evidenced by enhanced phosphorylation of mTOR (Ser2481), AKT (Ser473) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) (Ser9) as compared with PTENwt cells. In addition, PTENwt cells upon PTEN depletion showed mTORC2 activation. The reduced mTORC2 signaling in PTENwt cells was related to higher Rictor phosphorylation at Thr1135 residue. Phosphorylation of Rictor at Thr1135 inhibited its association with mTORC and thus there was a reduction in mTORC2 complex formation. In addition, PTENwt cells expressing mutated Rictor in which Thr1135 was substituted with alanine, showed enhanced mTORC2 formation and signaling. This enhanced mTORC2 signaling promoted inactivation of GSK3β. Thus, we established the reciprocal activation of mTORC2 and GSK3β in GBM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing role of PTEN in mTORC2 formation by promoting Rictor phosphorylation (Thr1135) in GBM. Furthermore, the drug sensitivity of mTORC2 was evaluated. A newly identified carbazole alkaloid, mahanine, showed cytotoxicity in both PTENmu and PTENwt cells. It inhibited both mTORC1/2 and AKT completely in PTENmu cells, whereas it inhibited only mTORC1 in PTENwt cells. Cytotoxity and AKT-inhibitory activity of the mTORC1/2 inhibitor was increased either by depleting PTEN or in combination with phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase inhibitors in PTENwt cells. In contrast, depletion of Rictor decreased the cytotoxicity of the mTORC1/2 inhibitor in PTENmu cells. Thus, PTEN has an important role in mTORC2 formation and also influences the effectiveness of an mTORC1/2 inhibitor in GBM.
Dietary fat overcomes the protective activity of thrombospondin-1 signaling in the ApcMin/+ model of colon cancer
Authors: Soto-Pantoja D R , Sipes J M , Martin-Manso G , Westwood B , Morris N L , Ghosh A , Emenaker N J , Roberts D D 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThrombospondin 1 is a glycoprotein that regulates cellular phenotype through interactions with its cellular receptors and extracellular matrix-binding partners. Thrombospondin 1 locally regulates angiogenesis and inflammatory responses that contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis in ApcMin/+ mice. The ability of thrombospondin 1 to regulate responses of cells and tissues to a variety of stresses suggested that loss of thrombospondin 1 may also have broader systemic effects on metabolism to modulate carcinogenesis. ApcMin/+:Thbs1−/− mice exhibited decreased survival and higher tumor multiplicities in the small and large intestine relative to ApcMin/+ mice when fed a low (5%) fat western diet. However, the protective effect of endogenous thrombospondin 1 was lost when the mice were fed a western diet containing 21% fat. Biochemical profiles of liver tissue identified systemic metabolic changes accompanying the effects of thrombospondin 1 and dietary lipid intake on tumorigenesis. A high-fat western diet differentially regulated elements of amino acid, energy and lipid metabolism in ApcMin/+:Thbs1−/− mice relative to ApcMin/+:Thbs1+/+mice. Metabolic changes in ketone body and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates indicate functional interactions between Apc and thrombospondin 1 signaling that control mitochondrial function. The cumulative diet-dependent differential changes observed in ApcMin/+:Thbs1−/− versus ApcMin/+ mice include altered amino acid and lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, eicosanoids and ketone body formation. This metabolic profile suggests that the protective role of thrombospondin 1 to decrease adenoma formation in ApcMin/+ mice results in part from improved mitochondrial function.
Dosimetric comparison of carbon ion and X-ray radiotherapy for Stage IIIA non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kubo Nobuteru , Saitoh Jun-ichi , Shimada Hirofumi , Shirai Katsuyuki , Kawamura Hidemasa , Ohno Tatsuya , Nakano Takashi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The present study compared the dose–volume histograms of patients with Stage IIIA non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with carbon ion radiotherapy with those of patients treated with X-ray radiotherapy. Patients with Stage IIIA NSCLC ( n = 10 patients for each approach) were enrolled. Both radiotherapy plans were calculated with the same targets and organs at risk on the same CT. The treatment plan for the prophylactic lymph node and primary tumor (PTV1) delivered 40 Gy for X-ray radiotherapy and 40 Gy (relative biological effectiveness; RBE) for carbon ion radiotherapy. The total doses for the primary tumor and clinically positive lymph nodes (PTV2) were 60 Gy for X-ray radiotherapy and 60 Gy (RBE) for carbon ion radiotherapy. The homogeneity indexes for PTV1 and PTV2 were superior for carbon ion radiotherapy in comparison with X-ray radiotherapy (PTV1, 0.57 vs 0.65, P = 0.009; PTV2, 0.07 vs 0.16, P = 0.005). The normal lung mean dose, V5, V10 and V20 for carbon ion radiotherapy were 7.7 Gy (RBE), 21.4%, 19.7% and 17.0%, respectively, whereas the corresponding doses for X-ray radiotherapy were 11.9 Gy, 34.9%, 26.6% and 20.8%, respectively. Maximum spinal cord dose, esophageal maximum dose and V50, and bone V10, V30 and V50 were lower with carbon ion radiotherapy than with X-ray radiotherapy. The present study indicates that carbon ion radiotherapy provides a more homogeneous target dose and a lower dose to organs at risk than X-ray radiotherapy for Stage IIIA non–small cell lung cancer.
Cell division cycle‐associated protein 1 as a new melanoma‐associated antigen
Authors: Tokuzumi Aki , Fukushima Satoshi , Miyashita Azusa , Nakahara Satoshi , Kubo Yosuke , Yamashita Junji , Harada Miho , Nakamura Kayo , Kajihara Ikko , Jinnin Masatoshi , Ihn Hironobu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors have increased the median survival of melanoma patients. To improve their effects, antigen‐specific therapies utilizing melanoma‐associated antigens should be developed. Cell division cycle‐associated protein 1 (CDCA1), which has a specific function at the kinetochores for stabilizing microtubule attachment, is overexpressed in various cancers. CDCA1, which is a member of cancer–testis antigens, does not show detectable expression levels in normal tissues. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting analyses revealed that CDCA1 was expressed in all of the tested melanoma cell lines, 74% of primary melanomas, 64% of metastatic melanomas and 25% of nevi. An immunohistochemical analysis and a Cox proportional hazards model showed that CDCA1 could be a prognostic marker in malignant melanoma (MM) patients. CDCA1‐specific siRNA inhibited the cell proliferation of SKMEL2 and WM115 cells, but did not reduce the migration or invasion activity. These results suggest that CDCA1 may be a new therapeutic target of melanoma.
Dermoscopy of nail fold and elbow in the differential diagnosis of early psoriatic arthritis sine psoriasis and early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Errichetti Enzo , Zabotti Alen , Stinco Giuseppe , Quartuccio Luca , Sacco Stefania , De Marchi Ginevra , Piccirillo Angelo , De Vita Salvatore 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDifferentiation between psoriatic arthritis (PsA) sine psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be a challenge, especially in the early stages, hence the need for new instrumental markers to assist their diagnosis. In this study, we investigated possible dermoscopic differences in vascular appearance of nail fold and elbow (a classic site of repeated trauma) in these two conditions. Fifteen patients with PsA sine psoriasis, 12 patients with RA and 12 controls were included in the study. Regarding the nail fold vascular appearance in PsA sine psoriasis and RA cohorts, the presence of diffuse reddish background with or without sparse dotted vessels was significant in the former, whereas the evidence of parallel dotted/short linear vessels (“fish school‐like” pattern) or irregular/ramified, blurry, purple vessels were significant in the latter; none of these patterns were detected in the control group. Regarding the elbow, the pattern significantly associated with PsA sine psoriasis consisted of diffusely distributed, red, dotted vessels. On the other hand, RA patients and controls displayed similar dermoscopic findings, with three possible vascular patterns being observed: (i) irregular, blurry, purple vessels; (ii) avascular appearance; and (iii) sparse, dotted, purple vessels. In conclusion, dermoscopy may be a useful supportive tool for differentiating early PsA sine psoriasis from RA.