bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging in-operando LiCoO2 nanocrystallites with Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction
Authors: Serban David , Porter Daniel G. , Mokhtar Ahmed H. , Nellikkal Mansoor , Uthayakumar Sivaperumal , Zhang Min , Collins Stephen P. , Bombardi Alessandro , Li Peng , Rau Christoph , Newton Marcus C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough the LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode material has been widely used in commercial lithium ion batteries (LIB) and shows high stability, LIB’s improvements have several challenges that still need to be overcome. In this paper, we have studied the in-operando structural properties of LCO within battery cells using Bragg Coherent X-ray Diffraction Imaging to identify ways to optimise the LCO batteries’ cycling. We have successfully reconstructed the X-ray scattering phase variation (a fingerprint of atomic displacement) within a ≈ (1.6 × 1.4 × 1.3) μm3 LCO nanocrystal across a charge/discharge cycle. Reconstructions indicate strained domains forming, expanding, and fragmenting near the surface of the nanocrystal during charging, with a determined maximum relative lattice displacements of 0.467 Å. While discharging, all domains replicate in reverse the effects observed from the charging states, but with a lower maximum relative lattice displacements of 0.226 Å. These findings show the inefficiency-increasing domain dynamics within LCO lattices during cycling.
Ependymal cell lineage reprogramming as a potential therapeutic intervention for hydrocephalus
Authors: Kaplani Konstantina , Lalioti Maria-Eleni , Vassalou Styliani , Lokka Georgia , Parlapani Evangelia , Kritikos Georgios , Lygerou Zoi , Taraviras Stavros 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHydrocephalus is a common neurological condition, characterized by the excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the cerebral ventricles. Primary treatments for hydrocephalus mainly involve neurosurgical cerebrospinal fluid diversion, which hold high morbidity and failure rates, highlighting the necessity for the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches. Although the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus is highly multifactorial, impaired function of the brain ependymal cells plays a fundamental role in hydrocephalus. Here we show that GemC1 and McIdas, key regulators of multiciliated ependymal cell fate determination, induce direct cellular reprogramming towards ependyma. Our study reveals that ectopic expression of GemC1 and McIdas reprograms cortical astrocytes and programs mouse embryonic stem cells into ependyma. McIdas is sufficient to establish functional activity in the reprogrammed astrocytes. Furthermore, we show that McIdas’ expression promotes ependymal cell regeneration in two different postnatal hydrocephalus mouse models: an intracranial hemorrhage and a genetic form of hydrocephalus and ameliorates the cytoarchitecture of the neurogenic niche. Our study provides evidence on the restoration of ependyma in animal models mimicking hydrocephalus that could be exploited towards future therapeutic interventions.
A THz smart switch based on a VO2 metamaterial that switches between wide-angle ultra-wideband absorption and transmission
Authors: Zhang Yanyu , Hou Bin , Song Qianju , Yi Zao , Zeng Qingdong 
Published: October 2024

An active controllable THz smart switch based on VO2 is designed. The device can realize the flexible switching between perfect absorption and complete transmission over an ultra-wideband and wide-angle.
Hybrid DC circuit breaker power supply system with load constant voltage self‐balancing design
Authors: Dongye Zhonghao , Li Jialiang , Zhang Xiangyu , Wang Jiacheng , Shen Hong , Qi Lei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPower electronic switches (PES) play a crucial role in transferring and clearing fault currents in hybrid DC circuit breakers. The PES encounters switching transients that require a dependable external power source. Usually, a power supply system utilizes an isolation transformer and many magnetic rings. However, the existence of inconsistent parameters might easily cause an imbalance in load power, which could potentially result in power supply failure for the loads. Therefore, to enhance the reliability of power supply, this study proposes a load constant voltage self‐balancing design approach that utilizes feedback circuits to achieve stability and balance in load voltage. At first, two feedback circuits are shown, and the analytical formulas for load active power and load voltage are derived. Moreover, a parameter design methodology is shown for the equivalent circuit of the magnetic rings in the power supply. Additionally, a power supply system is built with 24 V outputs. In conclusion, this study utilizes simulations and tests to assess the effectiveness of the proposed power supply system by analysing its performance during start‐up, load power‐off, and steady‐state operations.
Multi-step reconstruction of radio-interferometric images
Authors: Wang S. , Prunet S. , Mignot S. , Ferrari A. 
Published: October 2024

Context. The large aperture arrays for the currently under construction SKA Observatory (SKAO) will allow for observations of the universe in the radio spectrum at unprecedented resolution and sensitivity. However, these telescopes will produce data on the scale of exabytes, introducing a slew of hardware and software design challenges.
Aims. This paper proposes a multi-step image reconstruction framework that allows for partitioning of visibility data by baseline length. This enables more flexible data distribution and parallelization, aiding in processing radio-astronomical observations within given constraints. Additionally, as each step of the framework only relies on a subset of the total visibilities, one can perform reconstruction progressively, with the initial step performed on the SKAO Science Data Processors and the second on local clusters.
Methods. The multi-step reconstruction is separated into two steps. First a low-resolution image is reconstructed with only short-baseline visibilities, and then using this image together with the long-baseline visibilities, the full-resolution image is reconstructed. The proposed method only operates in the minor cycle, and it can be easily integrated into existing imaging pipelines.
Results. We show that our proposed method allows for partitioning of visibilities by baseline without introducing significant additional drawbacks, reconstructing images of similar quality within similar numbers of major cycles compared to a single-step all-baselines approach that uses the same reconstruction method as well as compared to multi-scale CLEAN.
H I line observations of 290 evolved stars made with the Nançay Radio Telescope
Authors: Gérard E. , van Driel W. , Matthews L. D. , Le Bertre T. , Martin J.-M. , Riêu N. Q. 
Published: October 2024

We present a compendium of H I 21-cm line observations of circumstellar envelopes (CSEs) of 290 evolved stars, mostly (~84%) on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), made with the 100 m-class, single-dish Nançay Radio Telescope. The observational and data reduction procedures were optimised to separate genuine CSE H I emission from surrounding Galactic line features. For most targets (254), the results have not been previously published. Clear detections were made of 34 objects, for 33 of which the total H I flux and the size of the CSE could be determined. Possible detections were made of 21 objects, and upper limits could be determined for 95 undetected targets, while for 140 objects confusion from Galactic H I emission along the line of sight precluded meaningful upper limits. The collective results of this survey can provide guidance on the detectability of circumstellar H I gas for future mapping and imaging studies.
Contemporaneous high-angular-resolution imaging of the AGB star W Hya in vibrationally excited H2O lines and visible polarized light with ALMA and VLT/SPHERE-ZIMPOL
Authors: Ohnaka K. , Wong K. T. , Weigelt G. , Hofmann K.-H. 
Published: October 2024

Aims. We present contemporaneous high-angular-resolution millimeter imaging and visible polarimetric imaging of the nearby asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star W Hya to better understand the dynamics and dust formation within a few stellar radii.
Methods. The star W Hya was observed in two vibrationally excited H2O lines at 268 and 251 GHz with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at a spatial resolution of 16 × 20 mas and at 748 and 820 nm at a resolution of 26 × 27 mas with the Very Large Telescope (VLT)/Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE)-Zurich Imaging Polarimeter (ZIMPOL).
Results. ALMA’s high spatial resolution allowed us to image strong emission of the vibrationally excited H2O line at 268 GHz (v2 = 2, JKa, Kc = 65, 2–74, 3) over the stellar surface instead of absorption against the continuum, which is expected for thermal excitation. Strong, spotty emission was also detected along and just outside the stellar disk limb at an angular distance of ∼40 mas (∼1.9 R⋆), extending to ∼60 mas (∼2.9 R⋆). Another H2O line (v2 = 2, JKa, Kc = 92, 8–83, 5) at 251 GHz with a similar upper-level energy was tentatively identified, which shows absorption over the stellar surface. This suggests that the emission over the surface seen in the 268 GHz H2O line is suprathermal or even maser emission. The estimated gas temperature and H2O density are consistent with the radiatively pumped masers. The 268 GHz H2O line reveals global infall at up to ∼15 km s−1 within 2–3 R⋆, but outflows at up to ∼8 km s−1 are also present. The polarized intensity maps obtained in the visible reveal clumpy dust clouds forming within ∼40 mas (∼1.9 R⋆) with a particularly prominent cloud in the SW quadrant and a weaker cloud in the east. The 268 GHz H2O emission overlaps very well with the visible polarized intensity maps, which suggests that both the nonthermal and likely maser H2O emission and the dust originate from dense, cool pockets in the inhomogeneous atmosphere within ∼2–3 R⋆.
A Tale of NGC 3785: The formation of an ultra-diffuse galaxy at the end of the longest tidal tail
Authors: Watts Chandan , Barway Sudhanshu , Bait Omkar , Wadadekar Yogesh 
Published: October 2024

Aims.We present the discovery of an extended and faint tail observed in the isolated environment associated with galaxy NGC 3785. This study additionally provides observational evidence supporting the formation of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) at the end of the tail.Methods.We utilized the Gnuastro software to detect and analyze the low surface brightness structures in the opticalg- andr-bands using data from the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey. We created a detection map to identify the faint tail and measured its length using cubic spline fitting. Additionally, we found 84 star-forming clumps along the tail and performed photometric analysis on the tail portion after applying a significance threshold on the signal-to-noise ratio.Results.We have measured the projected length of the tail, which is ∼390 kpc. We propose that this tail arises from the interaction of the NGC 3785 with a gas-rich galaxy, which ends up as a UDG at the end of the tail.
Evolvement and use of stigmatized expressions in computer-mediated communication
Authors: Geng Wenwen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A stigmatized expression is featured by its potentially discrediting attributes unwanted by community members. It
is heavily context-dependent, especially in computer-mediated communication (CMC), which is text-based and features abbreviations,
acronyms, and creative use of punctuation. The paper discusses the perception, judgment, and use of stigmatized expressions from
the socio-cognitive approach (SCA) perspective. Our theory- and data-based analysis leads to the following conclusions. First,
stigmatized expressions are considered pervasive and generally detrimental, thus worthy of continuous attention. Second, their
emergence and recognition arise from the mutual effort of societal and individual factors, making them dynamic, ambiguous,
context-dependent, and culture-specific. Third, the mechanism of generating stigmatized expression turns out to be spiral, while
the circulation seems scarcely affected by its divergent interpretations. The sociocultural context serves as a trigger and an
outcome in that it facilitates the processing of stigmatized expressions and is simultaneously modified.
Recombination efficiency in c-plane (In,Ga)N/GaN quantum wells: saturation of localisation sites versus Auger–Meitner recombination
Authors: Barrett R M , Dyer D D , McMahon J M , Schulz S , Kappers M J , Oliver R A , Binks D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Light emitting diodes based on c-plane (In,Ga)N/GaN quantum wells (QWs) can have >90% emission efficiency at modest current densities but this drops significantly at higher excitation, an effect known as efficiency droop that limits device efficacy at high brightness. Several explanations for this have been proposed including the saturation of carrier localisation sites at high excitation densities, resulting in a greater exposure of carriers to defects and hence a significant increase in the associated non-radiative recombination processes. Here, power- and temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy of c-plane (In,Ga)N/GaN QWs is used to investigate the relationship between the saturation of localised states and emission efficiency. For the samples studied, we find that the saturation of localised sites broadly coincides with the onset of efficiency droop. However, it is also found that as the localised states saturate with increasing excitation, the relative contribution of defect-associated non-radiative processes to overall recombination decreases rather than increases. Based on these observations and on modelling of recombination processes in the QW, it is concluded that the saturation of localised states does not significantly contribute to the reduction in emission efficiency at high excitation. Our studies rather suggest that defect-related non-radiative recombination is out-competed by radiative and Auger–Meitner recombination at the carrier densities required for saturation.
On the in-situ determination of the effective secondary electron emission coefficient in low pressure capacitively coupled radio frequency discharges based on the electrical asymmetry effect
Authors: Masheyeva Ranna , Hartmann Peter , Luo Lan-Yue , Dzhumagulova Karlygash , Liu Yong-Xin , Schulze Julian , Donkó Zoltán 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present a method for the in-situ determination of the effective secondary electron emission coefficient (SEEC, γ) in a capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) source based on the γ-dependence of the DC self-bias voltage that develops over the plasma due to the electrical asymmetry effect (EAE). The EAE is established via the simultaneous application of two consecutive radio-frequency harmonics (with a varied phase angle) for the excitation of the discharge. Following the measurement of the DC self-bias voltage experimentally, particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision simulations coupled with a diffusion-reaction-radiation code to compute the argon atomic excited level dynamics are conducted with a sequence of SEEC values. The actual γ for the given discharge operating conditions is found by searching for the best match between the experimental and computed values of the DC self-bias voltage. The γ ≈ 0.07 values obtained this way are in agreement with typical literature data for the working gas of argon and the electrode material of stainless steel in the CCP source. The method can be applied for a wider range of conditions, as well as for different electrode materials and gases to reveal the effective SEEC for various physical settings and discharge operating conditions.
The CNN-LSTM-attention model for short term prediction of the polar motion
Authors: Wang Leyang , Que Haibo , Wu Fei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The accuracy of polar motion (PM) prediction significantly impacts the fields of coordinate frame transformation, satellite orbit determination, and deep space exploration. The present study develops two short term forecasting models based on the EOP 14C04 series. One hybrid approach incorporates convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long short-term memory networks (LSTM), augmented with an attention mechanism; whereas another baseline model comprises CNN and LSTM. The first model, in contrast to the second model, incorporates an attention mechanism module for a more comprehensive integration of temporal information at each time step. In the initial short-term forecasting experiment, we conducted 360 repeated predictions, and the findings revealed that the parameters suitable for PMX forecasting may not necessarily be applicable to PMY forecasting. In the second experiment, the two models generated a total of 500 forecasts, each encompassing short-term predictions ranging from 1 to 30 d. The experimental results demonstrate that the first model exhibits mean absolute error (MAE) range of 0–7.72 mas for PMX and 0–4.73 mas for PMY, while the second model shows MAE range of 0–7.88 mas for PMX and 0–4.78 mas for PMY. After two exploratory experiments, we discovered the following results: the first model exhibits marginally superior predictive accuracy compared to the second model. Furthermore, this study substantiates the robustness of both models in short-term prediction and affirms the significance of assigning distinct weights to past temporal intervals in forecasting, thereby offering a novel perspective for PM prediction research.
Batch process soft sensing based on data-stacking multiscale adaptive graph neural network
Authors: Yongyong Hui , Kaiwen Sun , Benben Tuo , Xiaoqiang Zhao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Soft sensing technology has found extensive application in predicting key quality variables in batch processes. However, its application in batch process is limited by the uneven batch length, the correlation of data and the difficulty in extracting the dependencies between variables and within variables. To address these issues, we propose a data-stacking multiscale adaptive graph neural network (DSMAGNN) soft sensor model. Firstly, Mutual information (MI) is used to selected quality-related variables, the 3D batch data is converted into a time-delay sequence suitable for input to the soft sensor model through the data stacking strategy, and the underlying time correlation at different time scales is preserved by incorporating the multi-scale pyramid network. Secondly, the dependencies between variables are inferred by the adaptive graph learning module, while the dependencies both within and between variables are modeled by the multi-scale temporal graph neural network. Thirdly, collaborative work across different time scales is further facilitated by the scale fusion module. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the model are verified through experiments in the industrial-scale penicillin fermentation process and hot rolling process.
Fabric defect detection method based on multi-scale fusion attention mechanisms
Authors: Liu Chenhui , Zou Hongyan , Lv Peng , Zhu Ruilin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Fabric defect detection is extremely important for the development of the textile industry, but the existing traditional image processing algorithms are not good enough to detect fabric defects, and the detection efficiency and accuracy of the classical deep learning model is not satisfactory, so this paper proposes an improved fabric defect detection method based on multi-scale fusion of attention mechanism YOLOv7-PCBS. Based on the YOLOv7 network structure, some of the standard convolutions of the backbone network are replaced with Partial Convolution modules, which reduces the amount of network computation and improves the network detection speed; add coordinate attention to enhance the ability of extracting the positional features of tiny defects in fabrics; reconfiguration of the SPPCSPC module to improve small target detection; optimization of Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) and design of Tiny- BiFPN for simple and fast multi-scale feature fusion; finally, a novel loss function SIoU with angular loss is introduced to facilitate the fitting of the true and predicted frames and enhance the accuracy of defect prediction. The results show that the algorithm achieves a mAP value of 94.4% on the detection of defects in solid-colored fabrics of six denim materials, which is an improvement of 15.1% compared to the original YOLOv7 algorithm, while the model achieves a frame rate of 59.5 per second. Compared with other traditional deep learning algorithms SSD and Faster-RCNN, the detection accuracies are improved by 21.6% and 15.2%, and the FPS values are improved by 78.1% and 101.0%, respectively. Therefore, the YOLOv7-PCBS fabric defect detection algorithm proposed in this paper makes the fabric defect detection results more accurate while realizing lightweight, which provides an important technical reference for the subsequent improvement of textile quality.
Simulation optimization and experimental validation of hydraulic impact in pruning machines
Authors: Min Zhao , Bo Yang , Wei Li , Chunguang Lv , Hong Zhang , Weiqiang Zheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study addresses the instability caused by hydraulic shocks in fruit tree pruning machines during operation and proposes an optimization scheme that combines simulation with experimentation. We investigated the mechanisms of load shock in the hydraulic system through mathematical modeling and LS-DYNA simulation analysis. The optimal operating parameters were determined using mechanical and orthogonal analyses: a forward speed of 4 km h−1, a pruning tool angle of 60°, and a saw blade rotation speed of 1200 r min−1. Additionally, we employed AMESim simulation to optimize the hydraulic system of the pruning machine by designing a dual accumulator configuration to effectively suppress hydraulic shocks. We validated the optimized system through simulations and experimental tests, demonstrating significant reductions in pressure fluctuations, with cutting efficiency improved by 30% and pressure fluctuations reduced by 26.7%. This study not only presents an innovative dual accumulator design but also validates its effectiveness in pruning machines through simulations and experiments, thereby enhancing the operational efficiency and stability of agricultural machinery.
Theory of quasi-ballistic FET: steady-state regime and low-frequency noise
Authors: Yelisieiev M , Kochelap V A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present a theoretical analysis of steady state regimes and low-frequency noise in quasi-ballistic field effect transistors (FETs). The noise analysis is based on the Langevin approach, which accounts for the microscopic sources of fluctuations originating from intrachannel electron scattering. The general formulas for local fluctuations of the carrier concentration, velocity and electrostatic potential, as well as their distributions along the channel, are found as functions of applied voltage/current. Two circuit regimes with stabilized current and stabilized voltage are considered. The noise intensities for devices with different electron ballisticity in the channel are compared. We suggest that the presented analysis allows a better comprehension of the physics of electron transport and fluctuations in quasi-ballistic FETs, improves their theoretical description and can be useful for device simulation and design.