bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potensi Biogas dan Pupuk dari Limbah Lumpur Kertas
Authors: Priadi Cindy Rianti , Rahmatika Iftita , Fitria Chihiya , Wulandari Dwica , Sarwanto Moersidik Setyo 
Published: April 2017

BIOGAS ENERGY AND FERTILIZING POTENTIAL FROM PAPER SLUDGE Paper sludge contains potential as energy and fertilizer due to the high amount of C, N and P. The aims of this study were to investigate resource recovery potential through biogas production from paper sludge only and with cow manure as co-substrate for 30-45 days in batch anaerobic digestion reactor. In addition, the fertilizer potential from digestate was also tested in Vetiveria zizanioides. Co-digestion with cow manure yielded higher methane gas up to 380 CH4/g VS due to a more optimum C/N ratio. Vetiver plants grown on digestate relatively showed the high growth performance after 4 weeks. The heavy metal accumulation from digestate was still in tolerable amount since the growth rate was not significantly different with the plant grown in fertilizer. Therefore, resource recovery technology can be an option to recover C, N and P in paper sludge to achieve sustainable waste management. Keywords: ananerobic digestion; biogas; fertilizer; paper sludge AbstrakLumpur dari Air Limbah industri kertas memiliki C, N dan P yang tinggi sehingga berpotensi menghasilkan energi dan menjadi pupuk, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pemulihan sumber daya (resource recovery) melalui produksi biogas dari lumpur kertas tanpa dan dengan ko-substrat kotoran sapi selama 30-45 hari dalam reaktor batch anaerobic digestion. Selanjutnya potensi pupuk dari digestat juga diuji dengan tumbuhan akar wangi (Vetiveria zizanioides). Setelah 45 hari, lumpur kertas dengan kotoran sapi menghasikan gas metana yang lebih besar, yaitu 380 CH4/g VS. Tanaman akar wangi yang ditanam dengan dengan digestat R2 tumbuh relatif tinggi setelah 4 minggu. Akumulasi logam berat juga masih dalam batas aman karena laju pertumbuhannya yang masih sebanding dengan tanaman yang diberi pupuk. Oleh karena itu, pemulihan sumber daya dapat diterapkan untuk memanfaatkan C, N dan P yang terkandung dalam lumpur kertas sebagai usaha pengelolaan limbah berkelanjutan. Kata Kunci: biogas; digestasi anaerobik; lumpur kertas; pupuk
Fabrikasi Kernel TRISO-UN dan Karakternya, Sebuah Kajian
Authors: Suwarno Hadi - , Rachmawati Meniek 
Published: April 2017

Abstract TRISO-UN KERNEL FABRICATION AND ITS CHARACTERS, A REVIEW. High temperature nuclear reactors (HTRs) become the future nuclear power reactor due to its ability for electricity generation, hydrogen production and sea water desalination. Uranium nitride (UN) coated with tristructural isotropic (TRISO) coating materials has attracted the researchers because of its similar characteristics to UO2 buat has a higher density. There are beneficial in using UN as fuel due to the longer usage and efficient in refueling. The fabrication of UN kernel, coating of TRISO-UN, and characterics of UN have been reviewed. Among the technology provided for producing UN kernel, atomizing is selected due to its simply and less waste produced. Coating technology used follows the current technology for TRISO-UO2 that is fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition type. Since there are two types HTR fuel, block and ball types, fabrication technique of TRISO-UN fuel depends on the HTR type selected. Keywords: fabrication; coating; UN compound; TRISO-UN Abstrak Reaktor nuklir suhu tinggi (high temperature reactors, HTR) merupakan reaktor daya masa depan karena dapat digunakan sebagai pembangkit daya listrik, penghasil gas hidrogen dan desalisasi air laut. Bahan bakar nuklir berupa senyawa uranium nitrida (UN) yang dilapisi dengan lapisan tristructural isotropic (TRISO) menjadi topik bahasan akhir-akhir ini. Pengembangan bahan bakar nuklir bentuk kernel UN untuk reaktor HTR dipromosikan karena memiliki karakter yang mirip dengan kernel UO2 namun memiliki densitas uranium lebih tinggi. UN memiliki keuntungan karena waktu pakai di reaktor lebih panjang dan penggantian bahan bakarnya lebih efisien. teknologi pembuatan kernel dan teknologi atomizing menjadi pilihan untuk pembuatan kernel UN karena proses lebih sederhana, waktu lebih cepat dan sedikit menghasilkan limbah. Teknologi pelapisan dan spesifikasi TRISO-UN yang akan dibuat mengikuti teknologi yang sudah terbukti, yaitu fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition type. Bahan bakar reaktor HTR yang ada di dunia ada dua tipe, yaitu tipe blok dan tipe bola, fabrikasi bahan bakar TRISO-UN disesuaikan dengan jenis reaktor yang akan dibangun. Kata kunci: fabrikasi; pelapisan; senyawa UN; TRISO-UN
Fortifikasi Seng (Zn) pada Beras Analog Berbahan Dasar Tepung dan Pati Ubi Ungu
Authors: Handayani Noer Abyor , Santosa Herry , Purbasari Aprilina , Kusumayanti Heny , Ariyanti Dessy 
Published: April 2017

ZINC FORTIFICATION OF ARTIFICIAL RICE FROM PURPLE SWEET POTATO FLOUR AND STARCH. Zinc deficiency is believed to be as common as that of iron, with equally negatives consequences. Fortification of artificial rice with zinc is a cost-effective method that can be used to solve this problem. In the present study, artificial rice made from purple sweet potatoes flour and starchwere evaluated as food vehicles for fortification with zinc. This study consists of four main stages, preparation of flour and starch of purple sweet potatoes, zinc fortification, and artificial rice production. Zinc sulphate and zin acetate were used as the fortificant, and added at a level 50, 75, 100, and 125 ppm. Artificial rice fortified with zinc has been successfully carried out. Zinc concentrations in fortified artificial rice are higher than unfortified rice. Artificial rice has a porous structure, in order to improve the rehydration capacity. Keywords : Artificial rice, Zinc (Zn) fortification , Purple weet potato flour, Purple sweet potato starch, Defisiensi seng dipercaya telah meluas dan memiliki pengaruh negatif yang sama dengan defisiensi besi. Fortifikasi seng pada beras analog dipercaya dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Berdasarkan penelitian dengan variasi penambahan konsentrasi Zn pada beras analog ubi ungu. Penelitian ini menggunakan beras analog yang terbuat dari tepung dan pati ubi ungu sebagai food vehicle. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 tahapan utama, pembuatan tepung dan pati ubi ungu, tahap fortifikasi seng, dan proses pembuatan beras analog. Seng sulfat dan seng asetat ditambahkan pada konsentrasi 50, 75, 100, dan 125 ppm. Beras analog terfortifikasi seng memiliki konsentrasi seng yang lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan beras analog tanpa fortifikan. Beras analog terfortifikasi seng juga memiliki struktur berpori sehingg dapat meningkatkan kemampuan rehidrasi. Kata Kunci : Beras analog, Fortifikasi Seng (Zn), Pati ubi ungu, Tepung ubi ungu
SINTESIS BIOMATERIAL HYDROXYAPATITE DENGAN PROSES FLAME SPRAY PYROLYSIS DISERTAI PENAMBAHAN ADITIF ORGANIK
Authors: Setiawan Adhi , Widiyastuti W , Winardi Sugeng , Nugroho Agung 
Published: April 2017

SYNTHESIS OF HYDROXYAPATITE BIOMATERIALS BY FLAME SPRAY PYROLYSIS PROCESS WITH ADDITION OF ORGANIC ADDITIVES. Hydroxyapatite is biomaterial which is widely used for biomedical aplication such as implant because biocompatible, bioactivity, and strong affinity to biopolymers. Therefore parameters of morphology and crystallinity becomes an important parameter to be controlled. The addition of the organic additive on HAp precursor with ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 400, and urea is the alternative to improve the size, morphology, and crystallinity of HAp particles. The equipment for flame spray pyrolysis process includes ultrasonic nebulizer, flame reactor, and eletrostatic precipitator. The amount of organic additives used in experiment is 30%, 50%, and 100% by mass of the precursor. The result of SEM and XRD showed HAp synthesized by the addition of additive material has a smaller size than without using the additive and crystallinity is better than no additive. In addition HAp synthesized by the addition of 30% PEG additive have smallest average particle size about 114 nm, crystalite size about 16,6 nm and spherical morphology with a low agglomeration. Keywords: Hidroxyapatite, organic additives, flame spray pyrolysis, morfology Abstrak Hydroxyapatite merupakan biomaterial yang seringkali diaplikasikan dalam biomedis sebagai bahan implant karena sifatnya yang biocompatible, bioactivity, dan memiliki afinitas yang kuat terhadap biopolimer. Oleh karena itu parameter morfologi serta kristalinitas partikel menjadi parameter penting untuk dikontrol. Penambahan aditif organik pada prekursor HAp dengan etilen glikol, polietilen glikol 400, serta urea merupakan alternativ agar memperbaiki ukuran, morfologi, serta meningkatkan kristalinitas partikel HAp. Peralatan utama flame spray pyrolysis meliputi ultrasonic nebulizer, reaktor flame, dan eletrostatik precipitator. Jumlah aditif organik yang digunakan pada eksperimen antara lain 30%, 50%, dan 100% massa prekursor. Hasil SEM dan XRD menunjukkan bahwa HAp yang disintesis dengan penambahan bahan aditif memiliki ukuran lebih kecil daripada tanpa menggunakan aditif dan tingkat kristalinitasnya lebih baik dibandingkan tanpa aditif. Selain itu HAp yang disintesis dengan penambahan aditif PEG sebanyak 30% memiliki ukuran rata-rata partikel yang terkecil yaitu sebesar 114 nm dengan ukuran kristal mencapai 16,6 nm serta memiliki morfologi bulat dengan tingkat aglomerasi yang rendah.
Hyperspectral imaging: future applications in security systems
Authors: Bürsing Helge , Gross Wolfgang 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The idea behind hyperspectral imagers (HSI) is to generate an image with hundreds of contiguous narrow channels, the so-called spectral bands. As each material has a specific spectral signature, robust detection and classification of specific materials is now achievable. Spectra can be characterized by narrow features in their signatures that broadband and multispectral cameras cannot resolve. As a result of technical progress, new HSI with higher spatial resolution and better signal-to-noise ratios have been developed. Additionally, it is possible to buy small HSI that weigh less than 1 kg, which opens up new applications in surveillance and monitoring with unmanned aerial systems (UAS). Despite the capabilities of hyperspectral data evaluation, HSI is applied to surprisingly few tasks. This is a result of the sheer amount of recorded data that needs to be analyzed and the complex data pre-processing when the sensors are not used in a controlled environment. Also, extensive research is required to find the most efficient solution for a given task. The goal of this letter is to introduce and compare the different sensor techniques, discuss potential use for applications in civil security and give an outlook of future challenges.
Failures of metallic components involving environmental degradation and material- selection issues
Authors: Lynch Stan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEnvironmentally assisted failures involving poor materials selection (or heat treatment), along with some examples where the specified material was (inadvertently) not used, are described. The materials discussed are martensitic steels, stainless steels, aluminium alloys, and copper alloys. The examples discussed include some cases where the material-selection issue was with welds, coatings, or insulation rather than the component material per se. The failure modes discussed are hydrogen embrittlement, stress-corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, metal-induced embrittlement, galvanic corrosion, selective corrosion (dealloying), and intergranular corrosion. The characteristics of fracture/corrosion, which contribute toward correctly diagnosing the modes and causes of failure, are also outlined along with comments on the mechanisms involved.
Fatigue behavior of Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) under repeated compression loading tests perpendicular to the grain
Authors: Ogawa Keita , Shimizu Kosuke , Yamasaki Mariko , Sasaki Yasutoshi 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of the fatigue behavior of Japanese cypress as a result of compression. Repeated compression loading tests were conducted on small clear wood specimens in the form of a pulsating triangular wave of frequency 1.0 Hz, and 864000 repeated loading cycles were performed. The change in stiffness and the maximum strain (STRmax) with repeated loadings were investigated, based on the stress-strain relationship obtained from the test. Stiffness hardly changed under conditions of low stress levels (SLs), even under repeated loading. STRmax increased exponentially as the number of loading cycles increased. Furthermore, the fatigue limit was predicted by analyzing the change of STRmax with repeated loading. According to the analysis, the fatigue limit was revealed to be approximately 60% of the SL (standardizing the stress when the strain is 0.05 under static load).
The Impact of SearchTrails on the Quality of Collaborative Search
Authors: Franken Sebastian , Norbisrath Ulrich , Prinz Wolfgang 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Several collaborative search systems build upon real-time collaboration during search processes. With the software SearchTrails, we present a novel way of capturing and exchanging the search process between collaborators. We achieve this by asynchronously exchanging the newly developed search trails between collaborators and thus overcome the necessity of real-time interaction for search support. In a study with 29 participants, we evaluate the value of search trails as collaboration artifacts to answer the research question whether search trails improve the quality of collaborative search results. We confirm this and show that users can build upon work of co-searchers in a very efficient way by analyzing and extending the given search trails.
Tuning in to More Interactivity – Learning from IT Support for Advisory Service Encounters
Authors: Dolata Mateusz , Schwabe Gerhard 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Advisory service encounters change their character from expertise provision to interactive problem solving, thus increasingly relying on mutual and intensive interaction between the advisor and the advisee: they turn into interactive advisory service encounters. Simultaneously, modern collaborative IT finds its way into service encounters as a method to engineer, enrich, and standardize them. An IT system equipped with interactive features may enhance the encounter’s interactivity, but it may also limit it by capturing participants’ attention. This study explores the influence of IT on the interactivity in advisory service encounters. It arrives at the conclusion that an extensive tuning in precedes a phase of enhanced interactivity in IT-supported advisory service encounters.
Orientation and Navigation Support in Resource Spaces Using Hierarchical Visualizations
Authors: Gross Sebastian , Kliemannel Marcel , Pinkwart Niels 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In this article we investigate how orientation and navigation in (extensive) spaces consisting of digital resources can be supported by using hierarchical visualizations. Such spaces can consist of heterogeneous sets of digital resources as for instance articles from Wikipedia, textbooks, and videos. Due to easier access to digital resources in the Internet age, a manual exploration of these spaces might lead to information overload. As a result, techniques need to be developed in order to automatically analyze and structure sets of resources. We introduce a prototypical implementation of a visualization pipeline that extracts information dimensions from resources in order to group them into semantically similar clusters, and visualizes these clusters using two different visualizations: a treemap visualizing clusters and nested subclusters, and a rooted tree visualizing groups of semantically similar resources as subtrees. In a lab study we evaluated the two visualizations and compared them to two control groups. The results may hint to users’ better understanding of the resources’ underlying knowledge as compared to using typical approaches (e.g. web search results as list) when using hierarchical visualizations.
Effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone on UCP1 gene expression in brown adipocytes
Authors: Biswas Hirendra M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background:
Like other tissues, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) can produce its effect on brown adipose tissue (BAT). This study was taken to understand the direct effect of ACTH action on thermogenin gene expression and possible relation with α receptors and caffeine with this hormone.

Methods:
Brown fat precursor cells were isolated from interscapular BAT of young mice and grown in culture. The cells were exposed to norepinephrine (NE) and other agents. Total RNA was isolated after harvesting the cells, and northern blot analysis was performed. Hybridization was performed with nick translated cDNA probes. Filters were exposed to film, and results were evaluated by scanning. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was measured by using Amersham assay kit.

Results:
ACTH stimulates thermogenin gene expression in brown adipocytes. Initiation and maximum stimulations are observed with 0.01 μM and 10 μM (about 45%) of ACTH, respectively, in comparison to 0.1 μM of NE. Maximum response of cAMP is also observed with 10 μM of ACTH (about 64%). Studies with cirazoline and ACTH show that UCP1 mRNA expression is increased significantly with 10 μM of ACTH, whereas cAMP generation is decreased. In the presence of caffeine, ACTH increases cAMP generation and UCP1 gene expression more than twofold.

Conclusions:
ACTH stimulates thermogenin gene expression in cultured brown adipocytes. The complex interrelationship of ACTH with cirazoline indicates the possibility of relation between the activity of ACTH and α receptors in brown adipocytes. Further stimulation of cAMP generation and thermogenin gene expression is possible with ACTH in conjugation with caffeine and RO 20-1724.
Long-standing taxonomic and nomenclature issue of Lemmus obensis chrysogaster Allen, 1903 (Rodentia, Cricetidae) resolved
Authors: Abramson Natalia , Dokuchaev Nikolay , Petrova Tatyana 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The taxonomic status and nomenclature of the golden lemming (Lemmus obensis chrysogaster) remained a puzzle for more than 100 years. It was considered either as an independent species Lemmus
chrysogaster or as a subspecies of Lemmus trimucronatus or Lemmus sibiricus. In the most authoritative checklists, without further evidence, it was transferred to the synonym of Lemmus amurensis. However, the type material and specimens from type locality have not been revised since 1903. Here we fill this gap. The sequence of the cytochrome b gene from topotype clearly indicates that the golden lemming is a younger synonym of L. trimucronatus.
Handlungssteuerung, Handlungsauswahl und Handlungswahrnehmung
Authors: Wohlschläger Andreas , Prinz Wolfgang 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Vorstellung, dass die Wahrnehmung von Handlungen die Ausführung entsprechender Handlungen anregt (Ideomotorisches Prinzip), hat in der experimentellen Psychologie eine lange Tradition. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir neue Befunde aus Verhaltensexperimenten zur Wahrnehmungs - Handlungsinterferenz, zur Handlungsimitation und zur spontanen Handlungsinduktion vor, die das ideomotorische Prinzip stützen und präzisieren, vor allem im Hinblick auf die Rolle von Handlungszielen und Handlungsintentionen. Ferner diskutieren wir am Beispiel der Handlungswahrnehmung die Frage, wie verhaltenswissenschaftliche und neurowissenschaftliche Forschung aufeinander bezogen werden können. Aus neurophysiologischen Untersuchungen ist seit einiger Zeit bekannt, dass die Gehirne höherer Säugetiere über spezifische Strukturen verfügen, die die Handlungswahrnehmung unterstützen (bei Primaten insbesondere prämotorische und parietale Strukturen). Da ein charakteristisches Merkmal einiger dieser Strukturen darin besteht, dass sie sowohl an der Ausführung eigener als auch an der Wahrnehmung fremder Handlungen beteiligt sind, liegt es nahe, in diesen Strukturen die funktionelle Grundlage des ideomotorischen Prinzips zu vermuten.
Frühkindliche emotionale Erfahrungen beeinflussen die funktionelle Entwicklung des Gehirns
Authors: Bock Jörg , Helmeke Carina , Ovtscharoff Wladimir , Gruß Michael , Braun Katharina 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Frühkindliche emotional gesteuerte Lernprozesse, wie die Entstehung der Kind-Eltern Beziehung, sind von grundlegender Bedeutung für die Ausbildung normaler sozioemotionaler und intellektueller Fähigkeiten. Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass Störungen dieser emotionalen Bindung zu Veränderungen der Gehirnorganisation und zu Defiziten nicht nur im emotionalen, sondern auch im kognitiven Bereich führen. Das Ziel unserer Forschungsarbeiten ist es, die zellulären und molekularen Mechanismen zu untersuchen, die der erfahrungsabhängigen Gehirnreifung zu Grunde liegen, und herauszufinden, in welcher Weise frühkindliche emotionale Erfahrungen diese Prozesse beeinflussen. In unseren Untersuchungen am Modell der Filialprägung des Haushuhnkükens und der Elterndeprivation bei der Strauchratte (Octodon degus) konnten wir zeigen, dass die Unterbrechung des Kind-Eltern Kontaktes (Elternseparation) zu langfristigen spezifischen synaptischen Veränderungen in limbischen kortikalen Regionen führt, die bei emotionalem Verhalten, Lernen und Gedächtnisbildung eine grundlegende Rolle spielen. Zudem stellte sich heraus, dass es im Verlauf von frühkindlichen Erfahrungen zu erheblichen Veränderungen des Gehirnstoffwechsels kommt, die möglicherweise einen Ausgangspunkt für die später auftretenden synaptischen Veränderungen bilden. Weiterführende, interdisziplinäre Untersuchungen sollen zeigen, inwieweit die aus solchen tierexperimentellen Ansätzen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse einerseits in die Entwicklung neuer pädagogischer Konzepte im Vorschulbereich einfließen können, und ob sie andererseits auch dazu beitragen könnten, die Entstehung von entwicklungs- und umweltinduzierten Verhaltens- und Lernstörungen besser zu verstehen.
Fire & Flower in the Cochlea oder Wie die Haarsinneszellen im Innenohr in Abhängigkeit von Thyroidhormon erblühen
Authors: Fraenzer Juergen-Theodor , Zimmermann Ulrike , Weber Thomas , Winter Harald , Rüttiger Lukas , Knipper Marlies 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
In der kritischen Entwicklungsperiode des Innenohres, die mit dem Beginn der Hörfunktion endet - im Menschen ungefähr zwischen der zehnten und zwanzigsten embryonalen Woche, in Nagetieren wie Ratte und Maus zwischen Geburt und postnatalem Tag 12 (P12) - erfährt das Hörorgan einen terminalen Reifungsprozess, der insbesondere die synchrone morphogenetische, neuronale und zelluläre Differenzierung des Cortischen Organs umfasst. Wie wichtig gerade dieses Zeitfenster für die Entwicklung unserer Hörfähigkeit ist, zeigt sich darin, dass sich genetisch bedingte und erworbene Innenohrdefekte bevorzugt in dieser kritischen Entwicklungsperiode manifestieren. Während seit Dekaden bekannt ist, dass Schilddrüsenhormon-Mangel (Hypothyreose) Taubheit, mentale Retardation und Minderwuchs hervorrufen kann, beginnt man die molekularen Ursachen der Schwerhörigkeit bei Hypothyreose gerade erst im Detail zu verstehen. Ein erster überraschender Befund in unserem Labor war, dass das Thyroidhormon (TH) für die Entwicklung einer normalen Hörfunktion ausschließlich in der kritischen Entwicklungsperiode vor Hörfunktionsbeginn benötigt wird. Innerhalb dieser Zeit beeinflusst TH Stufe um Stufe von der Peripherie in Richtung Kortex terminale Differenzierungsprozesse über transkriptionelle Stimulation und Suppression von Genen. Die Identifizierung der in dieser Zeit durch TH regulierten Gene, ebenso wie das Studium ihrer Regulatoren, zeigt uns neue Ursachen für genetisch bedingte und erworbene Taubheit auf.