bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Juvenile Transfer and the Specific Deterrence Hypothesis
Authors: Zane Steven N. , Welsh Brandon C. , Mears Daniel P. 
Published: July 2016

Research SummaryWe conducted a systematic review of recidivism outcomes for juveniles transferred to adult court, incorporating meta‐analytic techniques. Nine studies—based on nine statistically independent samples—met the inclusion criteria. Pooled analysis suggests that juvenile transfer had no statistically significant effect on recidivism. However, the distribution of effect sizes was highly heterogeneous and, given the strength of the research designs, suggests that in some instances transfer may decrease recidivism and in others may increase it.Policy ImplicationsThe practice of transferring juvenile offenders to the criminal justice system has decreased from its peak in the mid‐1990s, but it is still estimated to affect tens of thousands of juveniles in the United States each year. As such, a coherent rationale for transfer policy is needed. The present review casts doubt on one prominent justification for transfer, that it creates a specific deterrent effect for transferred juveniles. Indeed, the results suggest that transfer may in fact increase offending. More generally, the results underscore the need for more high‐quality research to identify the conditions under which transfer may decrease or increase recidivism.
The prevalence and predictors of subsyndromal anxiety and depression in adult Asian cancer patients across the first year of diagnosis
Authors: Mahendran Rathi , Lim Haikel A , Tan Joyce YS , Kua Ee Heok , Griva Konstadina 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThere is an increased prevalence of anxiety and depression in Asian patients diagnosed with cancers; these are known to interfere with treatment, treatment adherence and mortality. This study sought to investigate the prevalence and predictors of subsyndromal anxiety and depression in first‐year Asian cancer patients.MethodsA total of 206 patients newly diagnosed with cancer in Singapore completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at T1 (baseline; on average 2 months post‐diagnosis), T2 (3 months post‐baseline) and T3 (6 months post‐baseline). Subsyndromal anxiety and depression were identified using locally validated cut‐offs (HADS‐A ≥5 and HADS‐D ≥7). Adjusted odds ratios were calculated using baseline predictors.ResultsAcross the three time points, 68–69% of participants were identified as having subsyndromal anxiety and close to 27–38% participants were identified as having subsyndromal depression. Multivariate logistic regressions revealed a lack of predictors for T1 subsyndromal anxiety and depression. Participants with late/metastatic stages of cancer were almost four times as likely to suffer from subsyndromal anxiety at T2. Single participants had a 75% lowered odds, but those living in three to four room public housing were close to four times as likely to suffer from subsyndromal depression at T2. Older patients and those who had undergone surgery were found to significantly suffer from subsyndromal depression at T3.ConclusionThe significant levels of depression and anxiety coupled with the lack of consistent predictors across the first year following cancer diagnosis further underscore the importance of careful assessment and clinician‐vigilance in recognizing and identifying Asian patients who may express these emotional sequelae following the cancer diagnosis. A better understanding of patients’ pathophysiological and psychological responses and individual strengths and coping skills are thus essential.
Absent Regions: Spaces of Financialisation in the Arab World
Authors: Hanieh Adam 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper examines processes of financialisation in the Arab world, a region that has been almost completely absent from the wider financial literature. The paper shows that financialisation is much more than simply the expansion of financial markets within neatly bounded sets of social relations operating at the national scale. In the Arab world, financialisation has been marked by the growing weight of regional finance capital—most specifically, those capital groups based in the Gulf Cooperation Council—in circuits of capital operating at all scales. This has important implications for processes of class and state formation. Approaching financialisation in this manner—moving away from methodologically nationalist assumptions and the literature's largely singular focus on the advanced capitalist core—brings into focus the significance of cross‐scalar accumulation patterns, their spatial hierarchies, and geographic unevenness. The paper thus reaffirms the need for a more spatially sensitive approach to financialisation.
Increasing incidence of postpartum hemorrhage: the Dutch piece of the puzzle
Authors: van Stralen Giel , von Schmidt auf Altenstadt Joost F. , Bloemenkamp Kitty W.M. , van Roosmalen Jos , Hukkelhoven Chantal W.P.M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionAn increase of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) has been reported in many high‐income countries. In addition to this data, this study reports on trends in the incidence of PPH in the Netherlands in 2000–2013, and examines the extent to which temporal changes in risk indicators could explain a possible change in incidence of PPH.Material and methodsWe used data from the Dutch Perinatal Registry, which contains prospectively collected antenatal, peripartum and neonatal data of 95–99% of all women and neonates in the Netherlands. We selected births ≥22 weeks of gestation from January 2000 until December 2013. Changes in the incidence of PPH and its risk indicators were studied over time. Main outcome measure was PPH, defined as blood loss >1000 mL within 24 h following delivery.ResultsThe data comprised 2 406 784 women. The incidence of PPH rose significantly from 4.1% in 2000 to 6.4% in 2013 (p < 0.0001). The incidence of previously identified risk indicators for PPH increased over time. Manual removal of placenta was strongly associated with PPH (OR 29.3, CI 28.8–29.8). The incidence of PPH‐related blood transfusion decreased remarkably.ConclusionsIn line with international observations, Dutch data suggest a considerable increase in the incidence of PPH which can only partly be explained by the studied risk indicators. The decreasing incidence of obstetric blood transfusion suggests an increased incidence of blood loss of 1000–1500 mL.
Anatomy of a boom: Cassava as a ‘gateway’ crop in Cambodia's north eastern borderland
Authors: Mahanty Sango , Milne Sarah 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper examines how a boom in industrial cassava served as a ‘gateway’ to intensify capitalist relations in Cambodia's north eastern borderland. Situated on Cambodia's border with Vietnam, Mondulkiri province has experienced a rapid increase in cassava production and trade since 2006, with transformative consequences for the region's forests and farmers. Using field data from 2012 to 2014, we explore how the boom ignited and intensified over time, through a conjuncture of conditions. Alongside strong market demand for cassava, these included resource abundance (soil fertility, timber, land, labour), connectivity to markets and cross border networks, and facilitative governance conditions. Over time, the boom strengthened capitalist relations, particularly through farmer debt and the revalorisation and accumulation of land. However, unlike booms of tree crops elsewhere, we argue that it is the veryimpermanenceof cassava that is formative here, because the crop's short‐term nature and low overheads facilitate practices like land laundering and land mortgaging. Like the ‘gateway drugs’ that were believed to place users on a path to addiction and risk, this paper shows that gateway crops such as cassava may similarly place farmers on a trajectory of more intense competition and reduced choice in their engagements with capitalist modes of production.
Preventive health care of Pony Club horses in rural New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Buckley P , Buckley D , Coleman GT , Morton JM 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo describe preventive health care provided to a cohort of Pony Club horses in rural New South Wales, Australia, and the associated veterinary involvement.DesignProspective longitudinal studyMethodsObservational data collected for 48 Pony Club horses using daily owner‐kept diaries and monthly veterinary visits for 9–12 months.ResultsFrequency of healthcare events varied markedly between the horses; 54% of horses received 5 or more foot‐care treatments, 69% received 1–3 anthelmintic treatments, 40% received dental care, 21% received chiropractic care; only 8% were vaccinated. Farriers and owners administered most of the health care. Veterinarians were infrequently involved, administering 2 of the 111 anthelmintic administrations and 2 of the 244 foot‐care treatments. No annual health checks or prepurchase examinations were recorded. All dental care was provided by non‐veterinary dentists. Horse turnover appeared quick, with 54% of horses acquired within the previous 12 months.ConclusionThe majority of preventive health care was provided by farriers and the owners themselves. The type and frequency of healthcare events varied markedly and most commonly involved foot care and anthelmintic administration. The reasons for the lack of veterinary involvement are unclear. Veterinarians engaging with Pony Club families in a preventive context would likely bring health benefits to this population of horses. This may require adaptation of existing veterinary services to meet the demands of this unique population of horses and young riders. Furthermore, epidemiological studies are required to describe the effects of various preventive healthcare interventions on subsequent and long‐term horse health.
Postpartum anoestrus in five seasonally‐calving dairy farms in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Plozza KL , Beggs DS , Mansell PD , Stevenson MA , Blackwood CB , Pyman MF 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveA cross‐sectional study of seasonally‐calving dairy cows in south‐western Victoria to quantify the prevalence of anoestrus and to assess the effect of body condition score (BCS), days in milk (DIM) at mating start date (MSD) and age on the likelihood of being diagnosed as anoestrus.MethodsAge, DIM and BCS details were collected from 1795 cycling and 1399 cows diagnosed as anoestrus in five seasonally‐calving dairy herds in Victoria. Multivariable logistic regression was used to quantify the association between BCS, DIM and age and the probability of being diagnosed as anoestrus.ResultsThe apparent prevalence of anoestrus in cows that took part in the study was 44% (95% confidence interval (CI) 42–46%). The risk of anoestrus increased with decreases in DIM and BCS. There was a significant interaction between BCS and DIM. For cows >90 DIM at MSD (the reference category) the odds of anoestrus in cows with BCS <4.00 was 8.05‐fold (95% CI 3.2–20.2) that of cows of BCS ≥4.50. The risk of anoestrus decreased with increases in cow age. Cows aged 2 and 3–5 years had 2.4‐fold (95% CI 1.79–3.22) and 1.4 (95% CI 1.11–1.77) odds of anoestrus, respectively, compared with cows aged ≥6 years.ConclusionReproductive management to maximise the number of days calved at MSD and nutritional management to ensure cows are in BCS >4.5 at mating will reduce the prevalence of anoestrus in Victorian dairy herds.
Deviations of different systems for guided implant surgery
Authors: Laederach V. , Mukaddam K. , Payer M. , Filippi A. , Kühl S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the deviation of different systems for Guided Implant Surgery (GIS) related to the specific tolerance between drills and sleeves.Material and methodsFour different systems for GIS and their appropriate sleeves were used: Camlog Guide (CG), Straumann Guided Surgery (SG), SIC Guide (SIG), and NobelGuide (NG). System‐appropriate metal sleeves were inserted into plexiglass boxes, and guided drilling procedure was performed (i) holding the drills in the most centric position of the sleeves and (ii) applying forces eccentrically. Digital microscope images of the plexiglass boxes were taken and axial deviations were calculated based on the Pythagorean Theorem, whereas coronal and apical deviations were measured with a corresponding software‐device and calculated by subtracting the measured deviations from the original diameter of the drills. Statistically significant differences between centric and eccentric drilling were determined applying the t‐test for independent data.ResultsThe axial deviation ranged from 0° (SG) to 5.64° (CG). The apical deviations varied between 0.01 mm (SIG) and 3.2 mm (NG) and the coronal deviations ranged from 0.01 mm (SIG) to 1.60 mm (NG). In terms of angular deviation, there were statistically significant differences between centric and eccentric drilling for all four systems. Coronal and apical deviations, showed no statistical significance between centric and eccentric drilling for SIG and NG, in contrast to CG and SG.ConclusionsThe clinician may have considerable impact on the accuracy of GIS when applying eccentric forces.
Endoscopic treatment of idiopathic subglottic stenosis with digital AcuBlade robotic microsurgery system
Authors: Fiorelli Alfonso , Mazzone Salvatore , Costa Giuseppe , Santini Mario 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHerein, we described a novel method as the use of AcuBlade robotic microsurgery system to manage idiopathic subglottic stenosis in a 73‐y‐old lady. Compared to traditional CO2 lasers, AcuBlade facilitated the scar resection by the generation of different shape of beams (straight, curved, or disk). The same setting used for phonomicrosurgery (1‐mm beam length, power of 10 W and pulse duration of 0.05‐s) allowed to obtain fast, long, and uniform cuts. In addition, the reduction of the number of laser passes over the same area prevented injury of adjacent tissue and thus reduced the risk of recurrence.
Vascular effects of linagliptin in non‐obese diabetic mice are glucose‐independent and involve positive modulation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/caveolin‐1 (CAV‐1) pathway
Authors: Vellecco Valentina , Mitidieri Emma , Gargiulo Antonella , Brancaleone Vincenzo , Matassa Danilo , Klein Thomas , Esposito Franca , Cirino Giuseppe , Bucci Mariarosaria 
Published: July 2016

AimTo test the effect of linagliptin in non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a murine model of type 1 diabetes, to unveil a possible direct cardiovascular action of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors beyond glycaemia control.Methods
NOD mice were grouped according to glycosuria levels as NODI: none; NODII: high; NODIII: severe. Linagliptin treatment was initiated once they reached NODII levels. Vascular reactivity was assessed ex vivo on aorta harvested from mice upon reaching NODIII level. In a separate set of experiments, the effect of linagliptin was tested directly in vitro on vessels harvested from untreated NODIII, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor knockout and soluble guanylyl cyclase‐α1 knockout mice. Molecular and cellular studies were performed on endothelial and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)‐transfected cells.ResultsIn this ex vivo vascular study, endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation was ameliorated and eNOS/nitric oxide (NO)/soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) signalling was enhanced. In the in vitro vascular study, linagliptin exerted a direct vasodilating activity on vessels harvested from both normo‐ or hyperglycaemic mice. The effect was independent from GLP‐1/GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) interaction and required eNOS/NO/sGC pathway activation. Molecular studies performed on endothelial cells show that linagliptin rescues eNOS from caveolin‐1 (CAV‐1)‐binding in a calcium‐independent manner.ConclusionLinagliptin, by interfering with the protein–protein interaction CAV‐1/eNOS, led to an increased eNOS availability, thus enhancing NO production. This mechanism accounts for the vascular effect of linagliptin that is independent from glucose control and GLP‐1/GLP‐1R interaction.
Evaluation of new laboratory tests to discriminate bacterial from nonbacterial chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations
Authors: van de Geijn G.‐J. M. , Denker S. , Meuleman‐van Waning V. , Koeleman H. G. M. , Birnie E. , Braunstahl G.‐J. , Njo T. L. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIntroductionsDiscriminating bacterial from nonbacterial acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is difficult, causing antibiotics overuse and bacterial resistance. Sputum cultures are of limited use because results take time. In our hospital, only leukocyte concentration and CRP are laboratory parameters evaluated in AECOPD. We evaluated additional tests to discriminate bacterial vs. nonbacterial AECOPD: 5‐part leukocyte differentiation (hematology analyzer), leukocyte differentiation using flow cytometry (Leukoflow, Cytodiff), Leuko64 kit, and procalcitonin.MethodsRetrospectively, patients were classified as bacterial or nonbacterial AECOPD. ROC analyses tested how the additional tests discriminate these groups.ResultsTwenty‐two AECOPD were classified as bacterial and 23 as nonbacterial. From the additional tests, basophil percentage (Cytodiff) has superior AUC (0.800). At a cutoff resulting in ≥90% sensitivity, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (AUC:0.755) and CD4‐positive T cells (Leukoflow, AUC:0.747) have the highest specificity (57%). Both neutrophil mean volume and standard deviation (Cell Population Data, DxH800 hematology analyzer) had good combined sensitivity and specificity (AUC:0.846/0.804, 91% sensitivity, 69% specificity). Addition of leukocyte populations and procalcitonin to CRP in regression models (AUC: 0.907/0.876/0.890) increased specificity compared to CRP alone (71% or 73% vs. 39%).ConclusionNo additional test has sufficient accuracy on its own to predict bacterial AECOPD. Combining CRP with several parameters from the additional tests may improve this.
A novel approach for BCR‐ABL1 standardization to improve International Scale estimation
Authors: Maes B. , Bakkus M. , Boeckx N. , Boone E. , Cauwelier B. , Denys B. , De Schouwer P. , Devos T. , El Housni H. , Hillen F. , Jacobs K. , Lambert F. , Louagie H. , Maes M.‐B. , Meeus P. , Moreau E. , Nollet F. , Peeters K. , Saussoy P. , Van Lint P. , Vaerman J.‐L. , Vaeyens F. , Vandepoele K. , Vannuffel P. , Ver Elst K. , Vermeulen K. , Bruyndonckx R. ,   the Belgian working group on BCR‐ABL1 IS standardization
Published: July 2016

SummaryIntroductionStandardization of BCR‐ABL1 messenger RNA quantification by real‐time PCR on the International Scale (IS) is critical for monitoring therapy response in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Since 2006, BCR‐ABL1 IS standardization is propagated along reference laboratories by calculating a laboratory‐specific conversion factor (CF), co‐ordinated in Europe through the European Treatment and Outcome Study project. Although this process has proven successful to some extent, it has not been achievable for all laboratories due to the complexity of the process and the stringent requirements in terms of numbers of samples to be exchanged. In addition, several BCR‐ABL1 IS quantification methods and secondary reference materials became commercially available. However, it was observed that different IS methods generate consistently different results.MethodsTo overcome these difficulties, we have developed an alternative and simple approach of CF calculation, based on the retrospective analysis of existing external quality assessment (EQA) data. Our approach does not depend on the exchange of samples and is solely based on the mathematical CF calculation using EQA results.Results and conclusionWe have demonstrated by thorough statistical validation that this approach performs well in converting BCR‐ABL1 measurements to improve IS estimation. In expectation of a true golden standard method for BCR‐ABL1 IS quantification, the proposed method is a valuable alternative.
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale (SG‐PAID‐C) among high‐risk polypharmacy patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes in Singapore
Authors: Siaw Melanie Yee Lee , Tai Bik‐Wai Bilvick , Lee Joyce Yu‐Chia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAims/IntroductionUndetected diabetes distress is a cause of concern. However, the lack of a validated questionnaire is a barrier to screening for diabetes distress. The aim of the present study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale (SG‐PAID‐C), and its association with sociodemographic and clinical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was carried out in four outpatient healthcare institutions in Singapore. Chinese‐speaking patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, polypharmacy, and multiple comorbidities were administered theSG‐PAID‐C and European Quality of Life‐5 Dimensions questionnaires as quality of life measures. The factorial construct, convergent validity and internal consistency ofSG‐PAID‐C were evaluated.ResultsThe exploratory factor analysis resulted in a three‐factor structure ofSG‐PAID‐C with subscales on emotional‐ and management‐related problem (11 items), ability to cope with diabetes problem (3 items) and support‐related problem (2 items). The findings also showed good model fit in the confirmatory factor analysis, and provided support for the construct and convergent validity ofSG‐PAID‐C. Overall, the internal consistency ofSG‐PAID‐C was good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.900). Sex and duration of diabetes were positively associated with the 16‐itemSG‐PAID‐C, whereas age and type of antidiabetic agents were inversely associated with the 16‐itemSG‐PAID‐C.ConclusionsThe 16‐itemSG‐PAID‐C is a valid and reliable instrument for use among patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes in Singapore. Future studies on its clinical utility should be carried out.
Industrial Symbiosis Dynamics and the Problem of Equivalence: Proposal for a Comparative Framework
Authors: Boons Frank , Chertow Marian , Park Jooyoung , Spekkink Wouter , Shi Han 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIndustrial symbiosis (IS), one of the founding notions within the field of industrial ecology, has diffused throughout significant parts of the world as a practice that can reduce the ecological impact of the industrial processes of groups of firms. In this article, we propose a fresh look at this research topic, building on the considerable advances that have been made in the last 15 years in understanding how IS comes about. We propose a conceptual and theoretical framework for taking on the challenge of comparative analysis at a global level. This requires developing an approach to address a solution to the problem of equivalence: the difficulty of comparing instances of IS across different institutional contexts. The proposed framework emphasizes IS as a process and attempts to address the obstacles to comparative study by (1) identifying terminology to examine IS variants, (2) providing a typology of IS dynamics, and (3) formulating key research questions to illuminate a way forward. In developing our argument, we build on the collective experiences of collaborative research efforts in North America, Europe, and Asia as evidenced in recent overviews of the literature.