bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term elevation of temperature affects organic N turnover and associated N2O emissions in a permanent grassland soil
Authors: Jansen-Willems Anne B. , Lanigan Gary J. , Clough Timothy J. , Andresen Louise C. , Müller Christoph 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Over the last century an increase in mean soil surface temperature has been observed, and it is predicted to increase further in the future. In order to evaluate the legacy effects of increased temperature on both nitrogen (N) transformation rates in the soil and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, an incubation experiment and modelling approaches were combined. Based on previous observations that gross N transformations in soils are affected by long-term elevated-temperature treatments we hypothesized that any associated effects on gaseous N emissions (e.g. N2O) can be confirmed by a change in the relative emission rates from various pathways. Soils were taken from a long-term in situ warming experiment on temperate permanent grassland. In this experiment the soil temperature was elevated by 0 (control), 1, 2 or 3 °C (four replicates per treatment) using IR (infrared) lamps over a period of 6 years. The soil was subsequently incubated under common conditions (20 °C and 50 % humidity) and labelled as NO315NH4 Gly, 15NO3NH4 Gly or NO3NH4 15N-Gly. Soil extractions and N2O emissions were analysed using a 15N tracing model and source-partitioning model. Both total inorganic N (NO3− + NH4+) and NO3− contents were higher in soil subjected to the +2 and +3 °C temperature elevations (pre- and post-incubation). Analyses of N transformations using a 15N tracing model showed that, following incubation, gross organic (but not inorganic) N transformation rates decreased in response to the prior soil warming treatment. This was also reflected in reduced N2O emissions associated with organic N oxidation and denitrification. Furthermore, a newly developed source-partitioning model showed the importance of oxidation of organic N as a source of N2O. In conclusion, long-term soil warming can cause a legacy effect which diminishes organic N turnover and the release of N2O from organic N and denitrification.
Un ensayo sociológico sobre la prostitución
Authors: Beda Rosa Cobo 
Published: November 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar algunos discursos y prácticas que envuelven el debate sobre la prostitución. La idea fundamental que argumentaré es que la prostitución, hasta la aparición del capitalismo neoliberal, ha tenido un carácter exclusivamente patriarcal. Sin embargo, cuando las políticas económicas neoliberales comienzan a aplicarse globalmente, la prostitución deja de ser sólo una práctica patriarcal y se convierte en un sector económico fundamental para la economía internacional y especialmente para la economía criminal. Por eso, la prostitución debe analizarse en el marco de la economía política. Asimismo, se explicará que la prostitución es un fenómeno social que se desarrolla en el marco de tres sistemas de dominio: el patriarcal, el capitalista neoliberal y el racial/cultural.
Del Zoon Politikón al Zoon Elektronikón. Una reflexión sobre las condiciones de la socialidad a partir de Aristóteles
Authors: Huici Urmeneta Vicente , Davila Legerén Andrés 
Published: November 2016

Aristóteles, en su Política, caracterizó al ser humano como un animal social (zoon politikón) que tenía la capacidad singular no sólo de expresar sentimientos sino también valores, por medio del lenguaje (éjon lógon). Estos principios de socialidad han constituido una de las piedras de toque más relevantes en todas las discusiones posteriores acerca del vínculo societario del ser humano. El breve ensayo que se presenta trata de evaluar la vigencia de los postulados del filósofo en la actualidad, en el contexto de una sociedad globalizada económicamente, pero también interconectada por las TIC y las redes sociales. Asimismo pretende esbozar un reajuste de la figura humana para la que se propone la denominación de zoon elektronikón.
Apical Transportation during Removal of Root Canal Filling with Different Retreatment Systems
Authors: Sağlam Baran C. , Çiçek Ersan , Koçak Mustafa M. , Koçak Sibel , Kivanç Bağdagül H. 
Published: November 2016

Introduction This study aimed to compare apical transportation during retreatment using ProTaper Universal retreatment (PTUR), Mtwo R and D-RaCe instruments in curved root canals. Methods 36 extracted mandibular molar teeth with curved mesiobuccal roots were selected. The teeth were embedded into acrylic blocks. The blocks were fixed on the experimental setup. After determining the working length (WL), mesiobuccal canals were prepared with ProTaper Universal rotary instruments to size F1 (20/0.06). After the obturation, the teeth were randomly divided into groups; the PTUR files were used as D1 (30/0.09) for coronal third and D2 (25/0.08) at WL Mtwo R files, R1 (15/0.05) and R2 (25/0.05) were used at WL D-RaCe files were used as DR1 (30/.10) in cervical third and DR2 (25/0.04) at WL Image J analysis software was used to measure the apical transportation. Differences between the 3 groups were analyzed with a 1-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results There was no significant difference between groups in the apical transportation in either the mesiodistal (p = 0.166) or buccolingual (p = 0.518) direction. Among the 3 groups, the apical transportation was the greatest in the D-RaCe group. Conclusions It can be concluded that all retreatment systems caused a similar level of apical transportation.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Mathematics Research, Vol. 8, No. 6
Authors: Wang Sophia 
Published: November 2016

<div><p><em>Journal of Mathematics Research</em> wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated.</p><p>Many authors, regardless of whether <em>Journal of Mathematics Research</em> publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.</p><p><strong>Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 6</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p></div><strong><br clear="all" /> </strong><div><p>Abdelaziz Mennouni</p><p>Ali Berkol</p><p>Arman Aghili</p><p>Cecília Rosa</p><p>Chung-Chuan Chen</p><p>David Bartl</p><p>Eric José Avila</p><p>Fei Han</p><p>Gabriela CIUPERCA</p><p>Gane Sam Lo</p><p>Guy Biyogmam</p><p>Jingbo Xia</p><p>K.V.L.N.ACHARYULU</p><p>Khalil Ezzinbi</p><p>Kuldeep Narain Mathur</p><p>Li Wang</p><p>Luca Di Persio</p><p>Marek Brabec</p><p>Muna Abbas</p><p>N. V. Ramana Murty</p><p>Ömür DEVECİ</p><p>Özgür EGE</p><p>Prof. Sanjib Kumar Datta</p><p>R. Roopkumar</p><p>Rovshan Bandaliyev</p><p>Sergiy Koshkin</p><p>Shuhong Chen</p><p>Vishnu Narayan Mishra</p><p>Waleed Al-Rawashdeh</p><p>Xinyun Zhu</p><p>Youssef El-Khatib</p><p>Zoubir DAHMANI</p></div><strong><br clear="all" /> </strong><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Sophia Wang</p><p>On behalf of,</p><p>The Editorial Board of <em>Journal of Mathematics Research</em></p><p>Canadian Center of Science and Education</p>
Telecommunication Masts/Base Transceiver Stations and Regulatory Standards in Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Godswill Ogbonna Chukwuemeka , Ugonma Okoye Veronica , Ijeoma Eleazu Eberechi 
Published: November 2016

<p>Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) was introduced in Nigeria in May, 2001. Since then, GSM subscriber base has grown astronomically leading to the indiscriminate installation of Masts and Base Transceiver Stations across the country. The Nigerian communications commission (NCC) and the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) established environmental standards in 2009 and 2011 respectively to regulate the installation of BTSs and Masts. This study examined the compliance of GSM service providers with the established guidelines for the mounting of BTSs and Masts in Abia State, Nigeria. The study adopted geometric survey technique, and relied mainly on primary data which were collected through direct observation and measurements. Cluster and simple random sampling techniques were used to proportionately select BTSs/Masts that were surveyed. Data collected were analyzed with appropriate parametric tests using SPSS for Windows, Version 17. Specifically, the <em>t </em>test for paired samples, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to test the hypotheses of the study. The results show that there is significant difference between the mean value of the number of BTSs/Masts surveyed and the mean value of the number that complied with regulatory standards. The study further revealed that there were no significant differences between the telecommunication networks in their application of the environmental standards. The researchers therefore recommend that both NCC and NESREA be made to devolve their supervisory and monitory responsibilities to Town Planning Authorities at the local government level to ensure effective enforcement of the regulatory standards. </p>
La prise en compte de plusieurs variétés nationales dans un dictionnaire du français: exercice de lexicographie pratique
Authors: Vincent Nadine 
Published: November 2016

Depuis quelques décennies, des actions ont été entreprises dans l’espace francophone pour donner plus de visibilité aux variétés hors de France: constitution de dictionnaires panfrancophones (et), constitution d’une base de données permettant la description autonome de plusieurs variétés dans une optique différentielle () et enrichissement des dictionnaires de langue générale, tant au Québec qu’en France. Ces différentes tentatives et les écueils rencontrés n’ont pas fait disparaître le rêve d’un dictionnaire unique permettant de décrire la langue française dans toute sa diversité. L’objectif de cet article est d’évaluer le réalisme de ce rêve en proposant un exercice de lexicographie-fiction: rédiger, pour un dictionnaire panfrancophone idéal, quelques articles pouvant satisfaire l’ensemble des locuteurs francophones. En parallèle, et pour avoir un élément de comparaison, des articles seront proposés pour les mêmes emplois pour un dictionnaire destiné aux locuteurs du français québécois.
Use of peers to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy: a global network meta‐analysis
Authors: Kanters Steve , Park Jay JH , Chan Keith , Ford Nathan , Forrest Jamie , Thorlund Kristian , Nachega Jean B , Mills Edward J 
Published: November 2016

IntroductionIt is unclear whether using peers can improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). To construct the World Health Organization's global guidance on adherence interventions, we conducted a systematic review and network meta‐analysis to determine the effectiveness of using peers for achieving adequate adherence and viral suppression.MethodsWe searched for randomized clinical trials of peer‐based interventions to promote adherence to ART in HIV populations. We searched six electronic databases from inception to July 2015 and major conference abstracts within the last three years. We examined the outcomes of adherence and viral suppression among trials done worldwide and those specific to low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) using pairwise and network meta‐analyses.Results and discussionTwenty‐two trials met the inclusion criteria. We found similar results between pairwise and network meta‐analyses, and between the global and LMIC settings. Peer supporter+Telephone was superior in improving adherence than standard‐of‐care in both the global network (odds‐ratio [OR]=4.79, 95% credible intervals [CrI]: 1.02, 23.57) and the LMIC settings (OR=4.83, 95% CrI: 1.88, 13.55). Peer support alone, however, did not lead to improvement in ART adherence in both settings. For viral suppression, we found no difference of effects among interventions due to limited trials.ConclusionsOur analysis showed that peer support leads to modest improvement in adherence. These modest effects may be due to the fact that in many settings, particularly in LMICs, programmes already include peer supporters, adherence clubs and family disclosures for treatment support. Rather than introducing new interventions, a focus on improving the quality in the delivery of existing services may be a more practical and effective way to improve adherence to ART.
Bioinformatical analysis of eukaryotic shugoshins reveals meiosis-specific features of vertebrate shugoshins
Authors: Grishaeva Tatiana M. , Kulichenko Darya , Bogdanov Yuri F. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundShugoshins (SGOs) are proteins that protect cohesins located at the centromeres of sister chromatids from their early cleavage during mitosis and meiosis in plants, fungi, and animals. Their function is to prevent premature sister-chromatid disjunction and segregation. The study focused on the structural differences among SGOs acting during mitosis and meiosis that cause differences in chromosome behavior in these two types of cell division in different organisms.MethodsA bioinformatical analysis of protein domains, conserved amino acid motifs, and physicochemical properties of 32 proteins from 25 species of plants, fungi, and animals was performed.ResultsWe identified a C-terminal amino acid motif that is highly evolutionarily conserved among the SGOs protecting centromere cohesion of sister chromatids in meiotic anaphase I, but not among mitotic SGOs. This meiotic motif is arginine-rich in vertebrates. SGOs differ in different eukaryotic kingdoms by the sets and locations of amino acid motifs and the number of α-helical regions in the protein molecule.DiscussionThese structural differences between meiotic and mitotic SGOs probably could be responsible for the prolonged SGOs resistance to degradation during meiotic metaphase I and anaphase I. We suggest that the “arginine comb” in C-end meiotic motifs is capable of interaction by hydrogen bonds with guanine bases in the minor groove of DNA helix, thus protecting SGOs from hydrolysis. Our findings support independent evolution of meiosis in different lineages of multicellular organisms.
Solar geoengineering could substantially reduce climate risks—A research hypothesis for the next decade
Authors: Keith David W. , Irvine Peter J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe offer a hypothesis that if solar geoengineering (SG) were deployed to offset half of the increase in global‐mean temperature from the date of deployment using a technology and deployment method chosen to approximate a reduction in the solar constant then, over the 21st century, it would (a) substantially reduce the global aggregate risks of climate change, (b) without making any country worse off, and (c) with the aggregate risks from side‐effects being small in comparison to the reduction in climate risks. We do not set out to demonstrate this hypothesis; rather we propose it with the goal of stimulating a strategic engagement of the SG research community with policy‐relevant questions. We elaborate seven sub‐hypotheses on the effects of our scenario for key risks of climate change that could be assessed in future modeling work. As an example, we provide a defence of one of our sub‐hypotheses, that our scenario of SG would reduce the risk of drought in dry regions, but also identify issues that may undermine this sub‐hypothesis and how future work could resolve this question. SG cannot substitute for emissions mitigation but it may be a useful supplement. It is our hope that scientific and technical research over the next decade focuses more closely on well‐articulated variants of the key policy‐relevant question: could SG be designed and deployed in such a way that it could substantially and equitably reduce climate risks?
Aluminum‐Catalyzed Formation of Functional 1,3,2‐Dioxathiolane 2‐Oxides from Sulfur Dioxide: An Easy Entry towards N‐Substituted Aziridines
Authors: Laserna Victor , Martin Eddy , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAluminum(III) complexes derived from aminotriphenolate ligands are shown to be excellent catalysts for the formation of cyclic sulfites from a range of (functionalized) terminal and internal epoxides, and ex situ generated sulfur dioxide. The developed catalytic protocol is characterized by its operational simplicity, wide scope in epoxide reaction partners, good to excellent isolated yields and mild reaction conditions [50–70 °C, p(SO2) <1 bar]. The synthetic potential of these cyclic sulfites in organic synthesis is demonstrated in the preparation of N‐substituted aziridines through a three‐step protocol.magnified image
Chimpanzee seed dispersal in a montane forest fragment in Rwanda
Authors: Chancellor Rebecca L. , Rundus Aaron S. , Nyandwi Sylvain 
Published: November 2016

Primate seed dispersal plays an important role in forest regeneration. It may be particularly important to anthropogenically disturbed habitats such as forest fragments. However, few studies have examined primate seed dispersal in these types of environments. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are frugivorous and large‐bodied, and are therefore able to disperse both large and small seeds, making them an important seed dispersal species. We examined chimpanzee seed dispersal in Gishwati forest, a 14 km2 montane rainforest fragment in Rwanda. We systematically collected ≤24‐hr‐old fecal samples and counted the number of seeds of each fruit species. We also recorded observations of seeds found in wadges. We found that chimpanzees dispersed at least 18 fruit species in 14 families in their feces. Ninety‐five percent of feces had seeds, the most common of which were Ficus spp., Myrianthus holstii, and Maesa lanceolata. We estimated that the Gishwati chimpanzee community with a density of 1.7 individuals per km2 dispersed an average of 592 (>2 mm) seeds km−2 day−1. We also found that chimpanzees dispersed the seeds of at least two fruit species, Ficus spp. and Chrysophyllum gorungosanum, in their wadges. In addition, 17% of the tree species recorded in our vegetation plots were chimpanzee‐dispersed. This study emphasizes the importance of chimpanzees as large seed dispersers in regenerating forest fragments.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
Chimpanzees in Gishwati disperse a significant number of large seeds.
Large‐bodied seed dispersers, like chimpanzees, are particularly important in regenerating forest fragments.
Evolution of electric‐field‐induced quasibound states and resonances in one‐dimensional open quantum systems
Authors: Olendski O. 
Published: November 2016

A comparative analysis of three different time‐independent approaches to studying open quantum structures in a uniform electric field was performed using the example of a one‐dimensional attractive or repulsive δ‐potential and the surface that supports the Robin boundary condition. The three considered methods exploit different properties of the scattering matrix as a function of energy E: its poles, real values, and zeros of the second derivative of its phase. The essential feature of the method of zeroing the resolvent, which produces complex energies, is the unlimited growth of the wave function at infinity, which is, however, eliminated by the time‐dependent interpretation. The real energies at which the unitary scattering matrix becomes real correspond to the largest possible distortion, , or its absence at which in either case leads to the formation of quasibound states. Depending on their response to the increasing electric intensity, two types of field‐induced positive energy quasibound levels are identified: electron‐ and hole‐like states. Their evolution and interaction in the enlarging field lead ultimately to the coalescence of pairs of opposite states, with concomitant divergence of the associated dipole moments in what is construed as an electric breakdown of the structure. The characteristic features of the coalescence fields and energies are calculated and the behavior of the levels in their vicinity is analyzed. Similarities between the different approaches and their peculiarities are highlighted; in particular, for the zero‐field bound state in the limit of the vanishing , all three methods produce the same results, with their outcomes deviating from each other according to growing electric intensity. The significance of the zero‐field spatial symmetry for the formation, number, and evolution of the electron‐ and hole‐like states, and the interaction between them, is underlined by comparing outcomes for the symmetric δ geometry and asymmetric Robin wall.
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Periodic Oscillatory Motion of a Self‐Propelled Motor Driven by Decomposition of H2O2 by Catalase
Authors: Nakata Satoshi , Nomura Mio , Yamamoto Hiroya , Izumi Shunsuke , Suematsu Nobuhiko J. , Ikura Yumihiko , Amemiya Takashi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA self‐propelled motor driven by the enzymatic reaction of catalase adsorbed onto a filter paper floating on an aqueous solution of H2O2 was used to study nonlinear behavior in the motor's motion. An increase in the concentration of H2O2 resulted in a change from no motion to irregular oscillatory motion, periodic oscillatory motion, and continuous motion. The mechanisms underlying oscillation and mode bifurcation are discussed based on experimental results on O2 bubble formation and growth on the underside of the motor.
The Tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanide Anion
Authors: Schwarze Nico , Steinhauer Simon , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Hoge Berthold 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTris(pentafluoroethyl)silane, which is conveniently accessible by the treatment of Si(C2F5)3X (X=Cl, Br) with Bu3SnH, was successfully employed for hydrosilylation reactions. In the presence of a palladium catalyst, hydrosilylation of phenylacetylene with Si(C2F5)3H affords the product of an α‐addition whereas the reaction of trimethylsilylacetylene with the silane leads to the β‐trans product. Tris(pentafluoroethyl)silane can be deprotonated by sterically demanding bases such as lithium diisopropylamide at low temperatures to give the corresponding silanide ion. The addition of crown ethers or cryptands to this highly reactive species enabled the isolation and characterization of salt‐like tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanide at room temperature.
Comparison of the performance of copper oxide and yttrium oxide nanoparticle based hydroxylethyl cellulose electrolytes for supercapacitors
Authors: Chong Mee Yoke , Numan Arshid , Liew Chiam‐Wen , Ramesh K. , Ramesh S. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTBiodegradable solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) systems composed of hydroxylethyl cellulose blended with copper(II) oxide (CuO) and yttrium(III) oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles as fillers, magnesium trifluoromethane sulfonate salt, and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethane sulfonate ionic liquid were prepared, and the effects of the incorporation of CuO and Y2O3 nanoparticles on the performance of the SPEs for electric double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) were compared. The X‐ray diffraction results reveal that the crystallinity of the SPE complex decreased upon inclusion of the Y2O3 nanoparticles compared to CuO nanoparticles; this led to a higher ionic conductivity of the Y2O3‐based SPE [(3.08 ± 0.01) × 10−4 S/cm] as compared to CuO [(2.03 ± 0.01) × 10−4 S/cm]. The EDLC performances demonstrated that the cell based on CuO nanoparticles had superior performance in terms of the specific capacitance, energy, and power density compared to the Y2O3‐nanoparticle‐based cell. However, Y2O3‐nanoparticle‐based cell displayed a high cyclic retention (91.32%) compared to the CuO‐nanoparticle‐based cell (80.46%) after 3000 charge–discharge cycles. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44636.