bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Creation of the Albanian State and its Relationship with Religious Communities: The Sanctioning of Religious Plurality as a Condition of National Unity
Authors: Papagjoni Erjon 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The Albanian state sanctioned after the Lushnja Congress in 1920 applied a liberal and wise policy to religious communities, aiming to create ethnic, social and national cohesion among the people through the recognition of the plurality of religious beliefs, their mutual respect, of correct relations with the state and the strengthening of national unity, according to the advanced conventions of modern European states. The new Albanian state committed itself to recognizing all the rights of religious communities in Albania so that they would normally practice their religious activity with all rituals and prayers according to their faith, dogmas, and sacred canons, enhancing spiritual influence in people. To provide legal support to four main religious communities - Muslim, Bektashi, Orthodox, and Catholic - the state sought the design and approval of the correspondent statutes of each religious community. The new political situation required that the new statutes include the need for the independence of religious communities from the type of their former legal structures and reports that they had under the Ottoman Empire. On the other hand, the Albanian state openly proclaimed its secular character in relation to religions. In the statutes of the four main religious communities, with their peculiarities, were included the rights and obligations to believers, the way of organizing hierarchy and clerical forums, the correct legal relations with the state, which ensured and guaranteed their normal functioning, education religious programs, schools at their various ranks, staff and administration, their wealth, their administration and publications, in order to realize the spiritual impacts and the educational power that religion aims to offers to the masses of believers (Albanian Encyclopaedia Dictionary, 2009).
The Conception and Perception of Traditional/Contemporary Urban Space About the City: Theory of Representation vs. Everyday Practices
Authors: Rusta Ana 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this essay will be given a great importance to the traditional and contemporary conception and perception of urban space as elements referred to the city. Throughout the analysis, in the level of the contemporary perception of the city, will be presented the theory that insists on the conception and construction of urban space by the practices of everyday life and the so-called strategy of resistance. This refers not only to a new frame of sociology but also to a new methodological approach for the construction of the urban space. Regarding the latter, will be elaborated the thought of Henri Lefebvre and Michael De Certeau as a vector for the explanation of some problems observed in the methodological conception of urban space such as the city of Tirana. Through this approach, we will specifically disclose some problems observed about the use of certain urban spaces. Traditionally, the theory of representation emphasizes a conception of abstract and rational presentation of urban space analyzed from above, giving us an incredibly simplified bureaucratic view of the city. This theory does not analyze specifically micro-urban space and social problems facing the people in this space. Therefore, a new contemporary theory appears as a critique which aims to use a new anti-bureaucratic method that starts from the study of practices of everyday life, using instrumental analysis of the body and micro-social practices to present urban space in the most comprehensive frame.
Critical and subcritical fractional Trudinger–Moser-type inequalities on ℝ \mathbb{R}
Authors: Takahashi Futoshi 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we are concerned with the critical and subcritical Trudinger–Moser-type inequalities
for functions in a fractional Sobolev space

{H^{1/2,2}}

on the whole real line.
We prove the relation between two inequalities and discuss the attainability of the suprema.
Zwischen
Common
und
Digital Library
– 600 Jahre Erfahrung und Innovation. Ein Einblick in die Cambridge University Library, Großbritannien
Authors: Laczny Joachim 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Cambridge University Library, Großbritannien, mit einer über 600jährigen Tradition und Geschichte widmet sich verstärkt den digitalen Transformationsprozessen. Nicht nur Entwicklungen im Bereich Open Science, sondern auch in der Digitalen Bibliothek kennzeichnen diesen Fortschritt.
Secret Underlying Unexplained Abdominal Pain, Neurological Symptoms and Intermittent Hypertension: Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Authors: Komac Andac , Gram Elif , Gulec Feray , Akar Harun 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A 21-year-old female patient with abdominal pain, vomiting and constipation was admitted to the hospital with the possible diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis. Due to increased abdominal pain and constipation the patient underwent a surgery with the diagnosis of ileus. However, no pathological findings were found in the abdominal organs apart from serous fluid in the abdominal cavity. The patient became hypertensive, tachycardic and had an episode of seizures postoperatively. Neurological manifestations with unexplained abdominal pain indicated a diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). Acute intermittent porphyria diagnosis is based on elevated urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) levels as well as hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) IVS13-2 A>G heterozygous mutation. Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) gene mutations were not confirmed. Porphyria should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with recurrent abdominal pain, neurological symptoms and lack of FMF gene polymorphism.
NATO in Europe: Between Weak European Allies and Strong Influence of Russian Federation
Authors: Vukadinović Lidija Čehulić , Begović Monika , Jušić Luka 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAfter the collapse of the bipolar international order, NATO has been focused on its desire to eradicate Cold War divisions and to build good relations with Russia. However, the security environment, especially in Europe, is still dramatically changing. The NATO Warsaw Summit was focused especially on NATO’s deteriorated relations with Russia that affect Europe’s security. At the same time, it looked at bolstering deterrence and defence due to many concerns coming from eastern European allies about Russia’s new attitude in international relations. The Allies agreed that a dialogue with Russia rebuilding mutual trust needs to start. In the times when Europe faces major crisis from its southern and south-eastern neighbourhood - Western Balkan countries, Syria, Libya and Iraq - and other threats, such as terrorism, coming from the so-called Islamic State, causing migration crises, it is necessary to calm down relations with Russia. The article brings out the main purpose of NATO in a transformed world, with the accent on Europe, that is constantly developing new security conditions while tackling new challenges and threats.
A novel norneolignan glycoside and four new phenolic glycosides from the stems of Viburnum fordiae Hance
Authors: Chen Jia , Shao Jianhua , Zhao Chunchao , Dong Ziling , Shen Jie , Liu Wenyan , Zhao Min , Fan Judi 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A novel norneolignan glycoside (1), categorized as an unusual 7-noraryl-4′,7-epoxy-8,5′-neolignan glycoside, four new phenolic glycosides (2–5), and a known neolignan glycoside (6) have been isolated from the ethanolic extract of the stems of Viburnum fordiae Hance. Dried stems of V. fordiae were extracted with 95% ethanol, and the concentrated extract was portioned successively with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The n-butanol portion was subjected to the macroporous resin HPD-100, silica gel, octadecyl SiO2, MCI gel and Sephadex LH-20 columns to obtain six compounds. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic data [1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC) and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD)] and chemical methods.
Radicalization as a Functional Aspect of Crime
Authors: Kombo Paul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRadicalization into extremism and terrorism is a controversial topic amongst scholars on the approaches used to understand the phenomenon. This paper examine some theories on the subject and the debate raging amongst scholars with regard to the differing models and approaches. The key theories examined in respect to radicalization include the theological model, the psychological approach, vulnerability explanations, discrimination/alienation models and political explanations.
“Top-down” vs. “Bottom-up”: A Dichotomy of Paradigms for the Legitimation of Public Power in the EU
Authors: Dellavalle Sergio 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Public power has been justified by resorting to two different kinds of legitimation: one coming from above, the other emerging from the governed. While legitimation “from above” implies that those who are vested with executive power are qualified in their function because of their allegedly higher competences, “bottom-up” legitimacy always presupposes that only citizens can properly decide on their destiny. After giving a brief account of how both legitimation strategies have developed in the history of political ideas, attention is focused on the theories regarding the legitimacy of public power in the European Union. Indeed, both strands of legitimation of public power are represented here with original proposals, according to the specificity of the supranational condition. But even more interesting is that the research into the characteristics of supranational integration has been one of the most significant fields in which the legitimation “from above” has reappeared in Western thought after a rather long period of marginality, now taking the shape of a technocratic justification. In the main section of the article, the reasons in favour of a democratic “bottom-up” legitimation of the European public power are analyzed first, then those which recur to the so-called “output legitimacy” – in other words to technocratic arguments. The last section of the contribution is dedicated to an overall assessment of the different positions.
Optimal Optotype Structure for Monitoring Visual Acuity
Authors: Rozhkova Galina , Lebedev Dmitry , Gracheva Maria , Rychkova Svetlana 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
To date, there are no generally accepted optotypes for monitoring visual acuity. All common optotypes are not completely suitable for some reasons. The tasks requiring visual monitoring - investigation of visual development, early diagnostics, assessment of treatment - impose heavy demands on the test stimuli. They must be: (1) suitable for patients of any age; (2) convenient for repeatable examinations; and (3) accurate enough for revealing the smallest physiologically significant changes of visual acuity. From theoretical consideration, one could conclude that the optotypes for monitoring visual acuity should be designed for measuring visual resolution but not recognition, unlike most popular optotypes. The best optotypes for visual resolution are gratinglike stimuli whose recognition could only be based on the high frequency part of the Fourier spectrum around the characteristic frequency (not on the low-frequency components). On the basis of theoretical analysis we elaborated modified 3-bar optotypes, which minimise the possibility of using low-frequency cues for stimulus recognition. In this paper we present the results of theoretical and experimental comparison of these optotypes with the two widely used ones: tumbling-E and standard 3-bar targets. According to the data obtained, our modified optotypes seem to be better than other investigated ones for monitoring visual acuity.
The Aftereffects of Müller-Lyer and Ponzo Illusions: Differences Revealed in Sensorimotor Domain
Authors: Lyakhovetskii Vsevolod , Karpinskaia Valeriia 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Either effects or aftereffects of visual illusions are well studied at the visual domain while there are few studies of aftereffects at the motor tasks such as grasping or pointing at the illusory. The aftereffects of Müller-Lyer and Ponzo illusions in the sensorimotor domain were studied. We used four illusions: two versions of Müller-Lyer illusions (upper/bottom shafts appear longer) and two versions of Ponzo illusions (classical and inverted, upper/bottom shafts appear longer). They were presented to four experimental groups, each type to one of the groups. A fifth group was shown neutral stimuli (two horizontal lines, one under another). At first, one of the above described stimuli was presented ten times. Then, for testing the aftereffect, the neutral stimuli were presented thirty times. After the disappearance of each stimulus, the participant moved his/her right hand across the touch screen along its upper and lower shafts. The participants of all experimental groups experienced significant illusions, but only the classical Ponzo illusion caused significant long-time assimilative aftereffect. These results reveal the existence of an illusory aftereffect in the sensorimotor domain. Moreover, it depends on the type of visual illusion, thereby supporting the hypothesis of origin of the different visual illusions at different levels of the visual system.
Effect of carbonate on U(VI) sorption by nano-crystalline α-MnO2
Authors: Kar Aishwarya S. , Saha Abhijit , Chandane Annapurna , Kumar Sumit , Tomar Bhupendra S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
U(VI) sorption on nano-crystalline α-MnO2 was studied in NaClO4 medium as a function of pH by batch sorption method in presence and absence of carbonate and subsequently employing surface complexation modeling (SCM) to predict species responsible for U(VI) sorption. The kinetic study of U(VI) sorption on nano-crystalline α-MnO2 was carried out to fix the time of equilibration. In presence of carbonate, U(VI) sorption on nano-crystalline α-MnO2 increases with pH of the suspension, leveling off in the pH range 5–8.5 thereafter decreasing at higher pH. However, in absence of carbonate, U(VI) sorption on nano-crystalline α-MnO2 remains close to 100% at pH>5. The difference in sorption behavior of uranium in the presence and absence of carbonate can be explained in terms of uranium speciation in the two systems. The dissolution of nano-crystalline α-MnO2 was studied in presence and absence of carbonate to ascertain its role in sorption. Surface complexation modeling was satisfactorily able to explain the sorption phenomena in all the systems. In addition, U(VI) sorption on nano-crystalline α-MnO2 was compared with literature data on U(VI) sorption by δ-MnO2.
Die Akkumulation des Kapitals – das Bewegungsgesetz der modernen Gesellschaft
Authors: Fiehler Fritz 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDer „letzte Endzweck dieses Werks“ schreibt Marx, bestehe darin „das ökonomische Bewegungsgesetz der modernen Gesellschaft zu enthüllen“. Ist das eine Anspielung auf die von Herder, Kant und Hegel geführte Debatte über Geschichte und Gesellschaft? Der Beitrag untersucht das allgemeine Gesetz der kapitalistischen Akkumulation unter den Aspekten der Mystifikation, Klassen und Legitimation. Im Ergebnis stellt sich das Gesetz als das einer Zeit des Übergangs heraus.
Von den allgemeinen Eigenschaften, Arbeitsprodukt und abstrakt menschliche Arbeit zu sein, zum Wert und zum „Doppelcharakter der Arbeit“
Authors: Wolf Dieter 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDie allgemeinen Eigenschaften, Arbeitsprodukt und abstrakt menschliche Arbeit zu sein, sind transhistorische Eigenschaften der Gebrauchswerte respektive der konkret nützlichen Arbeiten. Die transhistorischen allgemeinen Eigenschaften werden folglich im Austauschverhältnis weder durch die Gleichsetzung noch durch die sogenannte „Tauschabstraktion“ geschaffen. Der besondere gesellschaftliche Charakter des Austauschverhältnisses bewirkt aber, dass sie zusätzlich die gesellschaftliche Form des Werts bzw. der formbestimmten abstrakt menschlichen Arbeit erhalten. Was bedeutet deren Erklärung für die Darstellungsweise am Anfang des
Hermann Patsch: Der unpfäffische Schleiermacher. Karl Gutzkow und das Schleiermacher-Bild des Jungen Deutschlands – Zur Konstruktion eines Gegenmythos
Authors: Patsch Hermann 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

The non-clerical („unpfäffisch“) Schleiermacher. Karl Glutzkow and the Schleiermacher image of Young Germany. Towards a construction of a countermyth. After Friedrich Schleiermacher’s death on February 12, 1834, his disciples and his family endeavoured to idealize him as an exemplary figure of the church by publishing a complete edition of his published and unpublished works as well as a selection from his letters. (1) Schleiermacher’s Christian death („christliche Euthanasie“). This endeveaour began with the sermons delivered at the funeral and the notes of his wife, Henriette Schleiermacher, about his pious death. (2) Gutzkow’s obituary in the „Allgemeine Zeitung“. The journalist Gutzkow in particular protested against this portrayal in an obituary in which the old Schleiermacher was declared to have been senile and without substantial importance for the present time. On the other hand, an image of the young Schleiermacher, the friend of the Romantics, was to be preserved for the younger generation. (3) The replies of Schleiermacher’s disciples. A forthright reply to Gutzkow’s obituary appeared in the same journal. His view was contradicted by means of an extensive biographical sketch by Friedrich Lücke, one of Schleiermacher’s disciples. (4) Gutzkow’s publication of „Schleiermacher’s Vertraute Briefe über Friedrich Schlegels Lucinde“. Gutzkow supported his view with a new edition of Schleiermacher’s early work, to which he added a provocative preface. As a result, the edition was banned. (5) Abuse of Schleiermacher or a gallant service to him? The reception of the „Vertraute Briefe“. The reactions were divided between considering the work as an early youthful indiscretion of Schleiermacher, and the idea of an intellectual identity running through Schleiermacher’s whole life. The other authors of Young German aligned themselves with Gutzkow. (6) The end of the myth of Schleiermacher: Gutzkow’s „Wally. Die Zweiflerin“. This novel, which derives the protagonist’s suicide from his religious doubts, caused the literary movement Young Germany to be banned in all of Germany, and also led to the imprisonment of the author. In the novel itself, Schleiermacher’s role is rather minor. Later on, Gutzkow did not renew the image of an non-clerical Schleiermacher. – I shall also re-edit a conventional obituary, Gutzkow’s obituary as well as an anonymous reply in the Allgemeine Zeitung (Augsburg).
Frecuencia de los hongos asociados al desarrollo de mohos poscosecha en el pedúnculo de la piña en dos zonas de Costa Rica
Authors: Castro Chinchilla Johanny , Umaña Rojas Gerardina 
Published: November 2017

La piña es uno de los principales cultivos de exportación en Costa Rica y la presencia de moho en el pedúnculo afecta su calidad en los mercados internacionales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar en frutos de piña, en la cera aplicada sobre la fruta y en el aire de las cámaras de enfriamiento, la frecuencia de los principales hongos asociados al desarrollo de mohos en el pedúnculo. Se realizó un muestreo mensual de abril de 2012 a marzo de 2013 en empacadoras de Sarapiquí y Puntarenas, Costa Rica. En cada empacadora se muestreó: frutos luego del proceso-comercial que se realiza para exportación y almacenamiento, la cera aplicada sobre la superficie de las frutas y el aire de las cámaras de enfriamiento. Se realizó un análisis de frecuencia de los principales hongos recuperados por muestreo en cada zona, para la cáscara y el pedúnculo, la cera y el aire. Además, se comparó el crecimiento in vitro a 18°C de los hongos más frecuentes al finalizar los muestreos. El hongo más frecuente en las cámaras de enfriamiento, el pedúnculo y la cáscara de ambas zonas y en la cera de Sarapiquí fue Penicillium diversum, con valores entre 7% y 100%. Mientras que en la cera de Puntarenas únicamente destacó la presencia de un grupo de hongos de micelio blanco. P. purpureogenum, Penicillium sp., Talaromyces calidicanius y Cladosporium sp., fueron microorganismos también recuperados con alta frecuencia tanto en la fruta como en el aire de las cámaras de enfriamiento de ambas empacadoras. P. purpureogenum, P. diversum y T. calidicanius fueron las especies con mayor crecimiento in vitro. Se concluyó que el manejo integrado de P. diversum, P. purpureogenum y T. calidicanius es necesario si se desea evitar el desarrollo de moho en el pedúnculo de la piña.
Moja droga do sacrum
Authors: Łukaszewski Paweł 
Published: November 2017

Wychodzę z założenia, że lepiej pisać muzykę „własną” niż „nową”. Dystansuję się więc od muzycznej awangardy. Odnalazłem swoją drogę w tworzeniu muzyki sakralnej. Zaliczam do niej przede wszystkim kilkanaście dużych form wokalno­‑instrumentalnych, takich jak Vesperae pro defunctis, Requiem, Via crucis, Resurrectio, Missa de Maria a Magdala, Magnificat & Nunc dimittis, Miserere oraz cztery symfonie – o Opatrzności, miłości, aniołach i miłosierdziu, a także kilkadziesiąt kompozycji chóralnych a cappella. Ważnymi etapami mojej drogi były dzieła związane z przemijaniem – Vesperae pro defunctis i Requiem, oraz z nurtem duchowości pasyjnej i paschalnej: Via crucis i Resurrectio. Na potrzeby swojego języka muzycznego zaproponowałem pojęcie „tonalność odnowiona”, które dobrze przystaje do materiału dźwiękowego, którym się posługuję w swoich utworach. W artykule przywołuję dokumenty Kościoła katolickiego odnoszące się do muzyki, w tym teksty papieży Piusa X i Piusa XII oraz Konstytucję o liturgii świętej Soboru Watykańskiego II. Komponując muzykę sakralną, staram się podążać za głosem Kościoła katolickiego wyrażonym w tych dokumentach. Uważam bowiem, że muzyka sakralna powinna być święta i powszechna. Za Bohdanem Pociejem przywołuję cztery poziomy wnikania twórców w przestrzeń sacrum, tj.: temat religijny, nastrój religijny, czas i dźwięk sakralny oraz forma sakralna, które można odnieść również do mojej muzyki.