bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peri‐operative management of patients with type‐2 diabetes mellitus undergoing non‐cardiac surgery using liraglutide, glucose–insulin–potassium infusion or intravenous insulin bolus regimens: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Polderman J. A. W. , van Steen S. C. J. , Thiel B. , Godfried M. B. , Houweling P. L. , Hollmann M. W. , DeVries J. H. , Preckel B. , Hermanides J. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn this open‐label multicentre randomised controlled trial, we investigated three peri‐operative treatment strategies to lower glucose and reduce the need for rescue insulin in patients aged 18–75 years with type‐2 diabetes mellitus undergoing non‐cardiac surgery. Patients were randomly allocated using a web‐based randomisation program to premedication with liraglutide (liraglutide group), glucose–insulin–potassium infusion (insulin infusion group) or insulin bolus regimen (insulin bolus group), targeting a glucose < 8.0 mmol.l−1. The primary outcome was the between group difference in median glucose levels 1 h after surgery. We analysed 150 patients (liraglutide group n = 44, insulin infusion group n = 53, insulin bolus group n = 53) according to the intention‐to‐treat principle. Median (IQR[range]) plasma glucose 1 h postoperatively was lower in the liraglutide group compared with the insulin infusion and insulin bolus groups (6.6 (5.6–7.7 [4.2–13.5]) mmol.l−1vs. 7.5 (6.4–8.3 [3.9–16.6]) mmol.l−1(p = 0.026) and 7.6 (6.4–8.9 [4.7–13.2]) mmol.l−1) p = 0.006, respectively). The incidence of hypoglycaemia and postoperative complications did not differ between the groups. Six patients had pre‐operative nausea in the liraglutide group, of which two had severe nausea, compared with no patients in the insulin infusion and insulin bolus groups (p = 0.007). The pre‐operative administration of liraglutide stabilised peri‐operative plasma glucose levels and reduced peri‐operative insulin requirements, at the expense of increased pre‐operative nausea rates.
Copper sulphate forms in piglet diets: Microbiota, intestinal morphology and enteric nervous system glial cells
Authors: Di Giancamillo Alessia , Rossi Raffaella , Martino Piera Anna , Aidos Lucia , Maghin Federica , Domeneghini Cinzia , Corino Carlo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate dietary supplementation with different copper sulphate (CuSO4) forms on small intestine microanatomy and large intestine microbiota. Ninety weaned piglets were divided into three experimental groups: control diet (CTR), with no added CuSO4 and diets supplemented with 150 ppm of CuSO4 in protected (150P) and unprotected form (150UP). After 18 days of dietary treatment, six piglets per treatment were randomly selected and sacrificed. Duodenum villi length and crypt depths were higher (P < 0.001) in the animals fed 150UP than other groups. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker for enteric glial cells, was unaffected by dietary treatments. The total bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria counts were lower (P < 0.05) in cecum of animals fed 150P in comparison with the other two groups. In the colon the Streptococci spp were lower (P < 0.001) in both CuSO4 supplemented groups than controls. The obtained results revealed a modulation of intestinal structure and microbiota exerted by the studied CuSO4 dietary supplementation. The present data show that dietary supplementation with 150UP in the first period post‐weaning may assist in restoring the gut morphology, improving duodenal structure.
Biology and pathological implications of brown adipose tissue: promises and caveats for the control of obesity and its associated complications
Authors: Tapia Pablo , Fernández‐Galilea Marta , Robledo Fermín , Mardones Pablo , Galgani José E. , Cortés Víctor A. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe discovery of metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans has fuelled the research of diverse aspects of this previously neglected tissue. BAT is solely present in mammals and its clearest physiological role is non‐shivering thermogenesis, owing to the capacity of brown adipocytes to dissipate metabolic energy as heat. Recently, a number of other possible functions have been proposed, including direct regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis and the secretion of a number of factors with diverse regulatory actions. Herein, we review recent advances in general biological knowledge of BAT and discuss the possible implications of this tissue in human metabolic health. In particular, we confront the claimed thermogenic potential of BAT for human energy balance and body mass regulation, mostly based on animal studies, with the most recent quantifications of human BAT.
Kin competition accelerates experimental range expansion in an arthropod herbivore
Authors: Van Petegem Katrien , Moerman Felix , Dahirel Maxime , Fronhofer Emanuel A. , Vandegehuchte Martijn L. , Van Leeuwen Thomas , Wybouw Nicky , Stoks Robby , Bonte Dries 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWith ongoing global change, life is continuously forced to move to novel areas, which leads to dynamically changing species ranges. As dispersal is central to range dynamics, factors promoting fast and distant dispersal are key to understanding and predicting species ranges. During range expansions, genetic variation is depleted at the expanding front. Such conditions should reduce evolutionary potential, while increasing kin competition. Organisms able to recognise relatives may be able to assess increased levels of relatedness at expanding range margins and to increase their dispersal in a plastic manner. Using individual‐based simulations and experimental range expansions of a spider mite, we demonstrate that plastic responses to kin structure can be at least as important as evolution in driving range expansion speed. Because recognition of kin or kind is increasingly documented across the tree of life, we anticipate it to be a highly important but neglected driver of range expansions.
Contingent capital with repeated interconversion between debt‐ and equity‐like instruments
Authors: Cai Yanping , Yang Zhaojun , Zhao Zhiming 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper introduces a new form of contingent capital, contingent convertible securities (CCSs), which might repeatedly convert between debt‐ and equity‐like instruments depending on financial conditions. We derive explicit prices of corporate securities, assuming the cash flow is modeled as a geometric Brownian motion. We present an explicit value of the increased tax shields due to CCSs. We provide an explicit optimal capital structure when CCSs are issued and interestingly, the ratio of the optimal straight bond coupon to CCS coupon is constant and independent of the firm's financial conditions. All the conclusions hold true also for contingent convertibles.
Panorama construction for PTZ camera surveillance with the neural gas network
Authors: Thurnhofer‐Hemsi Karl , López‐Rubio Ezequiel , Domínguez Enrique , Luque‐Baena Rafael Marcos , Molina‐Cabello Miguel A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe construction of a model of the background of a scene still remains as a challenging task in video surveillance systems, in particular for moving cameras. This work presents a novel approach for constructing a panoramic background model based on the neural gas network and a subsequent piecewise linear interpolation by Delaunay triangulation. Furthermore, an ensemble model of neural gas networks is also proposed. The approach can handle arbitrary camera directions and zooms for a pan‐tilt‐zoom camera‐based surveillance system. After testing the proposed approach on several indoor sequences, the results demonstrate that the proposed methods are effective and suitable to use for real‐time video surveillance applications.
RED LEVIATHAN: AUTHORITY AND VIOLENCE IN REVOLUTIONARY POLITICAL CULTURE
Authors: EDELSTEIN DAN 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTAs Mao euphemistically remarked, revolutions are not dinner parties. Violence is to be expected when political regimes are overturned. But the violence that accompanied modern revolutions is remarkable for the fact that it targeted fellow revolutionaries almost as often as declared opponents. Why is this? In this essay, I suggest that the reason has to do with a specific feature of revolutions that abandon constitutional forms of political legitimacy. These revolutions, following the precedent of the French “revolutionary government” (1793–94) and Marx's model of a “revolution in permanence,” tend to base the authority of their governments on the fulfillment of revolutionary expectations. This creates a political culture in which authority derives from the power to define what these expectations are, and what “revolution” means (much like Hobbes's sovereign had the power to set the meaning of words). But revolutionary culture does not leave room for Rawlsian pluralism. “There can be no solution to the social problem but mine,” proclaims the revolutionary ideologue in Dostoyevsky's The Possessed, expressing the law of the Red Leviathan. Such a system does not allow for loyal opposition. Accordingly, the specter of counterrevolution always hovers above disagreements between fellow revolutionaries. The purge thus becomes the necessary method for settling ideological differences.
Continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis of Gd‐doped CeO2 (GDC) nanoparticles for inkjet printing of SOFC electrolytes
Authors: Xu Yu , Farandos Nicholas , Rosa Massimo , Zielke Philipp , Esposito Vincenzo , Vang Hendriksen Peter , Jensen Søren Højgaard , Li Tao , Kelsall Geoffrey , Kiebach Ragnar 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGdxCe1‐xO2‐δ (GDC) nanoparticles were synthesized, using continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis. By varying the synthesis conditions, particle size and morphology could be tailored. Here, particle sizes between 6 and 40 nm with polyhedral or octahedral shape could be obtained. Gd0.2Ce0.8O2‐δ nanoparticles were further processed into inks for inkjet printing. Despite the small particle size/large surface area, inks with excellent printing behavior were formulated. For proof‐of‐concept, thin GDC layers were printed on a) green NiO‐GDC substrates, and on b) presintered NiO‐YSZ substrates. While no dense layers could be obtained on the green NiO‐GDC substrates, GDC nanoparticles printed on NiO‐YSZ substrates formed a dense continuous layer after firing at 1300°C.
SLURP‐1 is mutated in Mal de Meleda, a potential molecular signature for melanoma and a putative squamous lineage tumor suppressor gene
Authors: Bergqvist Christina , Kadara Humam , Hamie Lamiaa , Nemer Georges , Safi Remi , Karouni Mirna , Marrouche Nadine , Abbas Ossama , Hasbani Divina J. , Kibbi Abdul G. , Nassar Dany , Shimomura Yutaka , Kurban Mazen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundMal de Meleda (MDM) is a rare inherited autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) with transgrediens and caused by mutations in the SLURP1 gene. Uncommonly, cutaneous tumors have been found at PPK sites in MDM patients.ObjectiveTo study a Middle Eastern family with MDM with both PPK and skin tumors.MethodsWe studied a Middle Eastern (Palestinian) family with clinical features of MDM and cutaneous tumors. Histopathological analysis was performed on biopsies from skin lesions found in the affected individuals. Direct sequencing of SLURP1 was performed in MDM affected members. In silico analysis of publicly available datasets was used to survey SLURP1 mRNA levels in normal and malignant tissues. Statistical analysis was performed in the R statistical language.ResultsAffected members from the Middle Eastern family displayed severe forms of PPK consistent with MDM. Histopathological analysis of the skin lesions revealed that the examined affected members exhibited skin squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and melanoma. Sequence analysis revealed homozygous SLURP1 mutations (c.82delT) in the affected members. Following analysis of various publicly available expression datasets, SLURP1 mRNA levels were found to be markedly elevated in tissues of epithelial lineage, relative to tissues of other lineages, and significantly suppressed in malignant tumors of epithelial lineage relative to normal or their premalignant counterparts. There was significant decrease in SLURP‐1 expression in melanomas versus melanocytic nevi as well as a highly significant decrease in SLURP‐1 expression in metastatic melanomas as compared to primary melanoma.ConclusionOur study underscores cases of Middle Eastern MDM with SLURP1 mutations and skin malignancies at PPK sites. Our findings also highlight a plausible epithelial lineage‐specific tumor suppressor role for the SLURP1 gene, as well as a role in the development and metastasis of melanoma and thus a potential molecular signature for melanoma.
Molecular Characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Wild Carnivores in Spain
Authors: Santín Mónica , Calero‐Bernal Rafael , Carmena David , Mateo Marta , Balseiro Ana , Barral Marta , Lima Barbero José Francisco , Habela Miguel Ángel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMicrosporidia comprises a diverse group of obligate intracellular parasites that infect a broad range of invertebrates and vertebrates. Among Microsporidia, Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most frequently detected species in humans and animals worldwide bringing into question the possible role of animal reservoirs in the epidemiology of this pathogen. Although E. bieneusi is an emerging zoonotic pathogen able to infect many domestic and wild mammals that could act as reservoir of infection for humans and other animals, only few studies have documented its occurrence in wild carnivores. To determine the occurrence of E. bieneusi in wild carnivores, we examined 190 wild carnivores collected from different locations in Spain. Twenty‐five fecal samples (13.2%) from three host species (European badger, beech marten, and red fox) were E. bieneusi‐positive by PCR. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the ITS region revealed a high degree of genetic diversity with a total of eight distinct genotypes including four known (PtEbIX, S5, S9, and WildBoar3) and four novel (EbCar1‐EbCar4) genotypes identified. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the four novel genotypes (EbCar1‐EbCar4), S5, S9, and WildBoar3 clustered within the previously designated zoonotic Group 1. Our results demonstrate that human‐pathogenic genotypes are present in wild carnivores, corroborating their potential role as a source of human infection and environmental contamination.
Christ vs. Communism: Communism as a Religious Social Problem in Finland's Proto‐Fascist Lapua Movement in the 1930s
Authors: Koskelainen Sami , Hjelm Titus 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article traces the emergence of religious anti‐communist discourse in Finland's proto‐fascist Lapua Movement in the 1930s. Applying constructionist social problems theory, it discusses the constructions of communism as a religious social problem, Christian piety as a solution to the problem of godless communism, and the religious legitimation of violence. The article argues that by identifying Christianity with the Finnish nation the construction of communism as a religious problem—itself an outcome of the influence of revivalist Lutheran ministers in the leadership of the movement—resonated with the broader audience, but that this indigenous religious nationalism lost support with the increasing belligerence of the movement.
Performance of Mixed Species and Mono‐specific Algal Diets for Culture of Larval Western School Prawns, Metapenaeus dalli
Authors: Crisp Jason A. , D'Souza Frances M. L. , Tweedley James R. , Partridge Gavin J. , Moheimani Navid R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe effect of three mono‐specific and four combinations of the diatoms Chaetoceros muelleri, Chaetoceros calcitrans, and the chlorophyte Tetraselmis suecica on survival, development, and dry weight of the western school prawn, Metapenaeus dalli, was assessed from protozoea I until mysis I. The development and dry weight of larvae were significantly greater when fed diets comprising C. muelleri and/or T. suecica. A fourth diet, consisting of all three microalgal species also performed just as well. Survival alone was a poor measure of the performance of the various diets. Larvae fed with C. calcitrans, either alone or in a mixed diet with either C. muelleri or T. suecica, had significantly slower development and lower dry weight. Overall performance, assessed using the normalized biomass development index, determined that both mono‐specific and mixed diets containing C. muelleri and T. suecica were among the best for M. dalli larvae. These results for M. dalli are consistent with those found for commercially grown penaeid prawns. This study enhances the limited knowledge on the feeding requirements of metapenaeid prawn larvae. Moreover, the results will help improve hatchery methods for the aquaculture‐based enhancement of M. dalli in the Swan‐Canning Estuary and potentially increase the abundance of this iconic recreational species.
Approaching Charlotte Brontë in the 21st century
Authors: Wynne Deborah 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis essay offers an overview of recent criticism in Charlotte Brontë studies. In the year of Brontë's bicentenary, it takes stock of some of the latest approaches and topics covered, including material culture, disability, screen and stage adaptations, sexuality, regional identity, education, trading networks, the periodical press, and the law. Although much of this new criticism contributes to a fresh understanding of Charlotte Brontë's work and legacy, Jane Eyre continues to dominate most critical discussions, and this essay calls for more attention to be paid to The Professor, Shirley, and Villette. It welcomes those historicist readings that continue the important work of contextualizing Brontë's oeuvre, a project that has transformed her from the reticent provincial writer of semi‐autobiographical fiction presented by early critics into a political and socially engaged writer.
Application of protoplast technology to CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis: from single‐cell mutation detection to mutant plant regeneration
Authors: Lin Choun‐Sea , Hsu Chen‐Tran , Yang Ling‐Hung , Lee Lan‐Ying , Fu Jin‐Yuan , Cheng Qiao‐Wei , Wu Fu‐Hui , Hsiao Han C.‐W. , Zhang Yesheng , Zhang Ru , Chang Wan‐Jung , Yu Chen‐Ting , Wang Wen , Liao Li‐Jen , Gelvin Stanton B. , Shih Ming‐Che 
Published: December 2017

SummaryPlant protoplasts are useful for assessing the efficiency of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) mutagenesis. We improved the process of protoplast isolation and transfection of several plant species. We also developed a method to isolate and regenerate single mutagenized Nicotianna tabacum protoplasts into mature plants. Following transfection of protoplasts with constructs encoding Cas9 and sgRNAs, target gene DNA could be amplified for further analysis to determine mutagenesis efficiency. We investigated N. tabacum protoplasts and derived regenerated plants for targeted mutagenesis of the phytoene desaturase (NtPDS) gene. Genotyping of albino regenerants indicated that all four NtPDS alleles were mutated in amphidiploid tobacco, and no Cas9 DNA could be detected in most regenerated plants.
Applications for kodecytes in immunohaematology
Authors: Henry S. , Perry H. , Bovin N. 
Published: December 2017

Red cells used in immunohaematology are mostly limited to those that nature provides. Very few techniques are available for adding new functionalities to cells, without affecting their intrinsic functionality or vitality. Kode Technology is a surface modification technology that uses amphipathic function‐spacer‐lipid constructs to rapidly and harmlessly attach bioactive material to cell surfaces (creating kodecytes) and nonbiological surfaces (koded surfaces). Originally designed to attach blood group glycans onto red blood cells for quality control use, the technology has since expanded to modification of any type of cell, enveloped virus, liposome and nonbiological surfaces (including plastics, metals and glass). Today, Kode Technology and the resultant kodecytes are being used in a range of cell‐based diagnostics, as powerful research tools, and most recently as a potential immuno‐oncotherapeutic agent; soon to enter human trials. Immunohaematology applications and opportunities to use the technology in the form of kodecytes range from quality control kits, competency training panels, diagnostic reagents with synthetic rare blood group antigens or infectious disease markers. The constructs can be used for solid‐phase antibody mapping and also have potential as therapeutics, including in vivo neutralization of ABO antibodies. Together with a large range of R&D constructs, Kode Technology remains the most extensive and easy‐to‐use technology for adding bioactive material onto the surface of cells for research and diagnostics.
Análisis de los determinantes de revelación de instrumentos financieros mediante el uso de componentes principales: el caso de empresas mexicanas
Authors: Vásquez-Quevedo Noemí , Mora-Rivera José Jorge 
Published: December 2017

El propósito de esta investigación es identificar las principales características que determinan el nivel de cumplimiento de la IFRS 7 (Instrumentos financieros: información a revelar) para un conjunto de empresas mexicanas. Con la técnica de componentes principales para medir el índice de revelación de las empresas, los resultados econométricos destacan que el tipo de auditor, el nivel de multinacionalidad y, en menor medida, el tamaño de las empresas son los determinantes clave para que las empresas cumplan la norma internacional de información financierarelativa a la revelación de instrumentos financieros. Estos hallazgos son consistentes con los obtenidos con métodos previos para medir el índice de revelación, lo que genera robustez y consistencia a nuestros resultados.
Edificios de apartamentos de altura media en la Habana. Evaluación
Authors: González Couret Dania 
Published: December 2017

<p>El edificio de apartamentos de altura media resulta una solución apropiada para la vivienda urbana, ya que sin elevados costos de construcción y mantenimiento permite un buen aprovechamiento del suelo urbano. La redensificación de las áreas urbanas consolidadas mediante la inserción de nuevos edificios de vivienda permite aprovechar la infraestructura y servicios existentes, y reducir las distancias. No obstante, el aumento del uso del suelo y las densidades conspiran en contra del logro de ambientes interiores apropiados. El presente artículo ofrece los principales resultados de una investigación desarrollada entre 2000-2010, encaminada a evaluar las soluciones de diseño de los edificios de apartamentos en La Habana, en particular aquellos ubicados en zonas urbanas compactas, a partir de la integración de requerimientos de economía y calidad, como referencia para los nuevos edificios de vivienda a proyectar y construir en la trama urbana consolidada de la ciudad.</p>
Procesos de construcción de la ciudad, segregación y vivienda en las ciudades medias mexicanas
Authors: Pérez Múzquiz Érika E. , Rodríguez Espinosa Claudia 
Published: December 2017

<p>El siguiente trabajo aborda el análisis de la vivienda de interés social en la zona periférica de la ciudad de Morelia, Michoacán, México, que es considerada como una ciudad media por su talla demográfica. El objetivo principal del trabajo es el de revisar la vivienda que se produce en la zona rural-urbana a partir de la metodología de trabajo desarrollada por Zaída Muxí y Joseph María Montaner de la UPC-Barcelona, denominada 14+1, y bajo el concepto de comunidad. Los resultados muestran que los desarrolladores de dichos desarrollos ofertan en el discurso mercantil un lugar idílico que solo queda en retórica, puesto que son en realidad zonas marginadas de la ciudad, ubicadas en áreas de riesgo, con una baja calidad de vida, vivienda y espacio público, en donde la ausencia de lugares para el trabajo reproductivo como productivo, representan solo una parte de las deficiencias.</p>