bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Maunder Minimum phase in HD 4915
Authors: Flores Trivigno M. , Buccino A. P. , González E. , Colombo P. D. , González C. , Jaque Arancibia M. , Ibañez Bustos R. V. , Saffe C. , Miquelarena P. , Alacoria J. , Collado A. 
Published: October 2024

Context. The long-term solar magnetic activity and its cyclical behaviour, which is maintained by a dynamo mechanism, are both still challenging problems for astrophysics. In particular, an atypical event occurred between 1645 and 1715, when the solar activity was remarkably decreased and the number of sunspots was extremely reduced. However, the exact events that unfolded during the solar cycle remain unclear. The discovery of longer activity minima in cool stars may shed light on the nature of the complex mechanisms involved in the long-term behaviour of the solar-stellar dynamo.
Aims. Our aim is to explore whether the G5V solar-like star HD 4915, which showed a striking chromospheric activity pattern in a previous study performed with HIRES data, might be considered a bona fide Maunder Minimum (MM) candidate.
Methods. We analysed over 380 spectra acquired between 2003 and 2022 using the HARPS and HIRES spectrographs. We carried out a detailed search for activity signatures in HD 4915 by using the Mount Wilson and the Balmer Hα activity indexes. This task was performed by means of the generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram.
Results. The new HARPS data show that the chromospheric activity of HD 4915 is not decreasing. In fact, the increases in the activity after the broad minimum in three years reaches the level of activity before this phase, suggesting that it is not entering an MM phase. We also calculate a rotation period of 23.4 ± 0.2 d, which has not been reported before.
Conclusions. HD 4915 shows a distinctive activity behaviour that was initially attributed to a possible and incipient MM phase. Additional HARPS data allowed us to discard an MM in the star. Our analysis shows that the complex activity pattern of HD 4915 might be ruled by a multiple activity cycle, in which a shorter cycle of 4.8 yr is modulated by a potential longer cycle. More activity surveys with extensive records and suitable cadence are crucial for an accurate identification of stars in magnetic grand minima.
NS-„Euthanasie“ – Geschichte und Erinnerungsarbeit
Authors: Ude-Koeller Susanne , Freund Sabrina , Voggenreiter Marion , Rettig Dorothea , Winkler Jürgen , Leven Karl-Heinz 
Published: October 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGWährend der „Aktion T4“ (Erste Phase des NS-Krankenmordes an Patienten psychiatrischer Heil- und Pflegeanstalten) wurden aus der Erlanger Heil- und Pflegeanstalt (HPA) 905 Patienten in Tötungsanstalten abtransportiert und dort ermordet. In der Anstalt selbst starben 1939–1945 sehr wahrscheinlich mindestens 700 behinderte und psychisch kranke Menschen, darunter auch Kinder und Jugendliche, an systematischer Mangelversorgung („Hungerkost“) und viele weitere an durch Unterversorgung und Vernachlässigung hervorgerufenen Mangelerkrankungen. Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert Ergebnisse des gemeinsam vom Institut für Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg und dem Stadtarchiv Erlangen durchgeführten Projektes „NS-Euthanasie in Franken“ 1. In einem ersten Abschnitt werden die Ereignisse der „Aktion T4“ und des „Hungersterbens“ beschrieben. Sodann geht es um die 1945 beginnende, in verschiedenen Phasen verlaufende regionale „Aufarbeitung“ der historischen Ereignisse und deren Kontext. Ausblickend werden schließlich Konzepte und Zielsetzungen des in Erlangen aktuell geplanten Erinnerungs- und Zukunftsortes vorgestellt. Der Beitrag macht deutlich, dass die „Aufarbeitung“ der nationalsozialistischen Patientenmorde für Erlangen Besonderheiten aufweist, da der Bezug von Stadt, Universitätsklinikum und Universität Erlangen zur HPA räumlich und strukturell sehr eng war.Als Quellen für den Beitrag dienten die umfangreichen Bestände an Krankenakten der HPA Erlangen und eine Vielzahl korrespondierender Akten unterschiedlichster Provenienz. Der Artikel betont den hohen Stellenwert wissenschaftlicher Forschung für die Erinnerungskultur(en).
5-Jahres-Daten des interdisziplinären Riesenzellarteriitis-Registers des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg: Stellenwert der Temporalisbiopsie
Authors: Winter Carla , Theuersbacher Johanna , Guggenberger Konstanze , Fröhlich Matthias , Schmalzing Marc , Bley Thorsten , Hillenkamp Jost 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Riesenzellarteriitis (RZA) erfordert unverzügliche Diagnostik und Therapie. Am Universitätsklinikum Würzburg wurde zur Optimierung der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit das Zentrum für Riesenzellarteriitis (ZeRi) gegründet.
Ziel der Arbeit Retrospektive Auswertung der 5-Jahres-Daten zur Beurteilung des Stellenwertes der einzelnen angewendeten diagnostischen Methoden, insbesondere der Temporalisbiopsie.
Patienten und Methoden Retrospektive Auswertung von 101 Patienten, die zwischen 2017 und 2022 mit Verdacht auf RZA interdisziplinär untersucht wurden und eine Biopsie der A. temporalis erhielten. Spezifität und Sensitivität von klinischer Symptomatik, BSG, CRP, MRT-Diagnostik, Sonografie und Biopsie der A. temporalis wurden analysiert.
Ergebnisse Bei 75 von 101 Patienten mit Verdacht auf RZA wurde mithilfe o. g. Diagnostik die Diagnose RZA gestellt. Die Biopsie hatte definitionsbedingt einen positiv prädiktiven Wert von 100% bei einer Spezifität von 84,6%, der negativ prädiktive Wert betrug 51,2%. Die Sonografie der A. temporalis und die MRT hatten einen positiven prädiktiven Wert von über 93% bei einer Sensitivität von 62,5% bzw. 76,1%. Die höchste Sensitivität hatte die klinische Symptomatik mit 92% bei einer Spezifität von 57,7%. Die BSG und das CRP waren bei den RZA-Patienten signifikant höher als bei den Patienten ohne RZA, wobei die Vorhersagekraft der CRP-Werte höher war als die der BSG.
Diskussion Mit einer gezielten Anamnese sowie der Bestimmung von BSG und CRP können die meisten Fälle von RZA detektiert werden. Die Sonografie und MRT der Kopfschwarte können RZA-Verdachtsfälle i. d. R. bestätigen, sodass eine Biopsie der A. temporalis nur noch in Ausnahmefällen erforderlich ist.
Multifocal Optics for Myopia Control
Authors: Schmucker Christine , Lagrèze Wolf Alexander 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe rising prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents necessitates effective interventions to mitigate long-term risks, such as retinal detachment and macular degeneration. Traditional approaches like undercorrection with single-vision lenses have proven ineffective. Recent research underscores the significance of peripheral vision in managing myopia progression. While hyperopic defocus in the peripheral retina may encourage axial elongation, multifocal lenses designed to induce peripheral myopic defocus can potentially curb this elongation. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that spectacle lenses with peripheral modifications, such as highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) or defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS), reduce myopia progression and axial elongation over 2 years. Similarly, multifocal contact lenses, especially those with high-add power (+ 2.50 D), have shown comparable reductions over 3 years. Safety is a critical consideration in
myopia control. Multifocal spectacle lenses with peripheral plus designs are generally well tolerated, with only transient side effects, like dizziness and blurred vision. Soft multifocal contact lenses also exhibit a favorable safety profile, with low rates of serious adverse events. Thorough monitoring and reporting in these studies are essential to provide assurance about the safety of these interventions for children. Future research should aim to include more diverse populations in order to ensure the generalizability of findings across various demographic groups. Additionally, real-world data would offer valuable insights into the performance of these treatments in everyday scenarios. Observational studies, less influenced by industry sponsorship, could further validate these findings. Lastly, the clinical significance of the observed effects should be critically assessed to confirm that the reported benefits lead to meaningful reductions in myopia progression.
The Ongoing U.S. Struggle with Maternal Mortality
Authors: O'Brien James A. , Lewkowitz Adam K. , Main Elliot K. , Adashi Eli Y. 
Published: October 2024

Despite significant efforts over the past two decades, the maternal mortality rate (MMR) in the United States remains at least double that of most other high-income countries (HICs). In addition, substantial racial disparities exist with MMRs among Black and American Indian/Alaska Native women two to three times higher than White, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander counterparts. Of the three surveillance systems currently in place, Maternal Mortality Review Committees (MMRCs) are widely considered to provide the highest quality data. MMRCs in combination with Perinatal Quality Collaboratives and other successful initiatives provide the best hope of reversing these concerning trends. The state of maternal health in the United States is at a critical juncture. To reach the ultimate goal of rendering the United States as one of the “safest countries in the world to give birth” will require greater coordination and consolidation of national efforts across the entire prenatal, perinatal, and postpartum continuum. The authors make suggestions to create a robust federal infrastructure to finally provide equitable high-quality maternal care and bring U.S. maternal mortality into alignment with other HICs.
Key Points
Evaluating Nutritional Selection and Outcomes in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Gallegos Juan A. , Serke Laura , Feygin Yana , Jawad Kahir , Robinson Tonya , Telang Sucheta 
Published: October 2024

Objective The rising incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) has amplified the importance of nonpharmacological interventions in its management, which include the selection of feedings. With the goal of obtaining an accurate assessment of the effects of current feeding practices in NAS infants in our neonatal intensive care unit, we conducted a retrospective review of NAS infants at our hospital over a 3-year period to determine their nutritional selections and evaluate their length of stay (LOS), length of treatment (LOT), and growth outcomes.
Study Design Retrospective chart review of term infants (≥37 weeks of gestation) with NAS. Maternal and infant demographics and characteristics were recorded. Infants were grouped based on majority (>50% of total feeding) nutritional selections and LOS, LOT, and growth parameters were evaluated. Linear regression was used to compare group outcomes. Significance was set at a p-value <0.05.
Results A total of 70 infants were included and grouped based on majority feeds into maternal breast milk (MBM), standard term formula (STF), low lactose formula (LLF), and extensively hydrolyzed formula (EHF) groups. Feeding selections were provider-dependent and infants were placed on MBM or STF as an initial selection. In all infants included in our review, LLF was selected as the first choice following MBM or STF for increased gastrointestinal (GI) disturbance-related Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring scores and changed to EHF if LLF failed to improve the GI-related symptoms. The STF-fed infants had the shortest LOS, and none of these infants required pharmacological treatment. The LOT and LOS were similar in the MBM- and LLF-fed groups. Infants who were EHF fed had the longest LOT and LOS. All feeding groups demonstrated appropriate growth.
Conclusion Nutritional selections in our NAS infants were modified for the severity of their withdrawal symptoms. All nutritional modifications driven by severity of withdrawal symptoms supported favorable growth outcomes in the infants.
Key Points
ERN eUROGEN Guidelines on the Management of Anorectal Malformations, Part IV: Organization of Care and Communication between Providers
Authors: Aubert Ophelia , Irvine Willemijn , Aminoff Dalia , de Blaauw Ivo , Cascio Salvatore , Cretolle Célia , Iacobelli Barbara Daniela , Lacher Martin , Mantzios Konstantinos , Midrio Paola , Miserez Marc , Sarnacki Sabine , Schmiedeke Eberhard , Sloots Cornelius , Stenström Pernilla , Schwarzer Nicole , Gosemann Jan-Hendrik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction Being born with an anorectal malformation (ARM) can have profound and lifelong implications for patients and parents. Organization of care and communication between health care providers is an overlooked area of patient care. The European Reference Network eUROGEN for rare and complex urogenital conditions assembled a panel of experts to address these challenges and develop comprehensive guidelines for the management of ARM.
Methods The Dutch Quality Standard for ARM served as the basis for the development of guidelines. Literature was searched in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane. The ADAPTE method was utilized to incorporate the newest available evidence. A panel of 15 experts from seven European countries assessed currency, acceptability, and applicability of recommendations. Recommendations from the Dutch Quality Standard were adapted, adopted, or rejected and recommendations were formed considering all available evidence, expert consensus, and the European context.
Results Aspects pertaining to organization of care, patient/parent/health care provider communication, and referral and collaboration between providers caring for ARM patients were assessed. Two new studies were identified. In total, the panel adapted 12 recommendations, adopted 7, and developed 2 de novo. The overall level of newly found evidence was considered low and most recommendations were based on expert opinion.
Conclusion Collaborative care and organization of care are gaining importance in the field of ARM. This guideline gives practical guidance on how to achieve better communication and collaboration between all involved parties, applicable at the European level.
Prevalence of Varicose Veins among Nurses in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Naik Chetan , Monteiro Priya Jyothi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction Millions of individuals worldwide spend significant portions of their workdays standing or in static positions, which can pose health risks such as varicose veins. Globally, varicose vein prevalence ranges from 20 to 60%, with women being at two to three times higher risk compared to men. Varicose veins are characterized by dilated, palpable veins with a diameter larger than 3 mm. Nurses face a 16% risk of developing varicose veins, highlighting the importance of health care professionals' well-being for the effective functioning of the health care system. Therefore, this study aimed to provide insights into the prevalence of varicose vein symptoms among nurses.
Methods A descriptive prospective study was conducted among 210 nurses with more than 1 year of experience, using purposive sampling. Demographic information and varicose vein symptoms were collected through a self-designed questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis.
Results The study found that 8.6% of nurses were diagnosed with varicose veins. The majority of participants were female (97.6%) with a normal body mass index (86.7%). Prevalent symptoms included worsened leg pain (77.6%), night cramps (62.4%), and throbbing in lower legs (37.6%). Visible spider veins (19.5%) and other symptoms were reported less frequently.
Conclusion A lower prevalence of varicose veins among nurses was identified, possibly due to demographic factors of the study population. It is recommended to conduct health education campaigns tailored for health care professionals, particularly nurses, and implement regular health checkups to screen for varicose veins. These proactive measures are essential for promoting occupational health and ensuring the well-being of the nursing workforce.
Splenic Trauma: Concepts and Technique for Interventional Management
Authors: Dev Rahul , Uniyal Madhur , Prajapati Tripti , Sharma Pankaj , Chauhan Udit 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe spleen is the most commonly involved organ in abdominal trauma, especially in blunt mode of injury. High vascularity and a thin capsule predispose to rapid and fatal bleeding, which could be acute as well as delayed at onset. FAST is usually the first line of investigation required to see for fluid and screen patients suffering abdominal trauma. Triple-phase contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen further aids in diagnosing and grading splenic trauma as per the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) guidelines. Hemodynamic stability and AAST grade are the main guiding parameters for management. Treatment options include surgical and nonsurgical (endovascular intervention) management. The recent concept of endovascular resuscitation and trauma management, which dwells on creating a hybrid suite, is coming up fast and will play a pivotal role in offering splenic preserving management in trauma cases. In this review article, authors have bought insights about managing splenic trauma as a multidisciplinary concept to achieve splenic preservation and maintain this vital organ's immunological functions.
Energy release in electrical wire explosions coupled with energetic materials
Authors: Wang Hangyu , Wei Ding , Gan Yundan , Jiao Wenjun , Lin Qindong , Yang Ying , Ou Yinzhe , Wang Cheng , Zhang Guodong 
Published: October 2024

To exceed the power density limit of conventional CHON energetic materials (carbon, hydroxide, and nitrogen based energetic materials), we utilize electrical wire explosions, which generate plasma that drives energetic materials and produces coupling effects. An electrochemically coupled experimental setup and a measurement diagnosis system are used to investigate the energy release characteristics of the explosion of an electrical wire coupled with energetic materials. At ordinary temperature and atmospheric pressure in an air environment, the electrical explosion of an aluminum wire coupled with HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) can be divided into four distinct stages: phase transition, current pause, plasma discharge, and loop oscillation discharge. The plasma discharge phase generates over 63% of the deposition energy. Images captured by a framing camera indicate that the expansion velocity of the energetic materials is significantly smaller than the expansion velocity of the metal wire at 3.92 μs. At 5.92 μs, the energetic materials in the metal plasma expand under the action of detonation, and their expansion velocity rapidly exceeds that of the metal wire. At 10.92 μs, coupling of the electrical explosion and chemical explosion energies is achieved. When the charging voltage is increased by 5 kV, the current pause time is reduced by 37.2%, and the expansion process of the electrochemically coupled explosion products is faster, effectively improving the deposition energy velocity. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for improving the energy release efficiency of high-energy materials.
Negative existentials and presentationals in Chinese
Authors: Lena Ludovica 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the translation strategies for the negated counterparts of yǒu rén ‘there
is someone, there are people’ in a parallel corpus composed of Chinese-to-English aligned narrative texts. It specifically
explores the distinction between existentials and presentationals in negative contexts. The analysis shows that negative
existentials convey human absence in a given location, with the English translation often thematizing the location and
implicitizing the human entity to varying degrees. The study contributes to the debate on whether presentationals can be negated,
arguing that while negative presentationals do not introduce discourse referents, they express the occurrence of nonevents tied to
spatiotemporal coordinates just like events. These sentences often establish Set-Member relationships with discourse-old groups,
visible in English translations through partitive nouns (e.g., none, no one of them) or referring expressions
referencing the Set (e.g., they, everyone). In other instances, negative presentationals convey
counterexpectational meaning, indicating the non-occurrence of an expected event. In all cases, negative presentationals are thus
strongly tied to the cotext and cannot be uttered “out of the blue”
Quantum geometrical properties of topological materials
Authors: Chen Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The momentum space of topological insulators and topological superconductors is equipped with a quantum metric defined from the overlap of neighboring valence band states or quasihole states. We investigate the quantum geometrical properties of these materials within the framework of Dirac models and differential geometry. Their momentum space is found to be always a maximally symmetric space with a constant Ricci scalar, and the vacuum Einstein equation is satisfied in 3D with a finite cosmological constant. For linear Dirac models, several geometrical properties are found to be independent of the band gap, including a peculiar straight line geodesic, constant volume of the curved momentum space, and the exponential decay form of the nonlocal topological marker, indicating the peculiar yet universal quantum geometrical properties of these models.
Unusual spin dynamics in the van der Waals antiferromagnet FeGa2S4
Authors: Tang Yifei , Umemoto Yoshihiko , Kawamoto Yo , Kawamata Masahiro , Asai Shinichiro , Ikeda Yoichi , Fujita Masaki , Nambu Yusuke 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Spin dynamics in the van der Waals antiferromagnet FeGa2S4 with triangular lattices are investigated using magnetometry, neutron scattering, and muon spin relaxation measurements. The characteristic spin relaxation time is thoroughly clarified over thirteen orders of magnitude. Although the temperature dependence of DC and AC susceptibilities recalls a conventional spin-glass transition, nonlinear susceptibilities showing no divergences at the anomalous temperature,

T

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=
16.87
(
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K, deny that and instead hint at other mechanisms. Elastic neutron scattering together with previously measured muon results depict a slowly fluctuated (

∼

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−
5

s) spin state above

T

∗

. In juxtaposing the underlying simplest structure among frustrated magnets with an intricate hierarchy of time scales, FeGa2S4 can be a playground for studying temporal spin correlations in the two-dimensional limit.