bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser‐activated transforming growth factor‐β1 induces human β‐defensin 2: implications for laser therapies for periodontitis and peri‐implantitis
Authors: Tang E. , Khan I. , Andreana S. , Arany P. R. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThere is increasing popularity of high‐power lasers for surgical debridement and antimicrobial therapy in the management of peri‐implantitis and periodontal therapy. Removal of the noxious foci would naturally promote tissue healing directly. However, there are also anecdotal reports of better healing around routine high‐power laser procedures. The precise mechanisms mediating these effects remain to be fully elucidated. This work examines these low‐dose laser bystander effects on oral human epithelial and fibroblasts, particularly focusing on the role of human β‐defensin 2 (HBD‐2 or DEFB4A), a potent factor capable of antimicrobial effects and promoting wound healing.Material and MethodsLaser treatments were performed using a near‐infrared laser (810 nm diode) at low doses. Normal human oral keratinocytes and fibroblast cells were used and HBD‐2 mRNA and protein expression was assessed with real time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunostaining. Role of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 signaling in this process was dissected using pathway‐specific small molecule inhibitors.ResultsWe observed laser treatments robustly induced HBD‐2 expression in an oral fibroblast cell line compared to a keratinocyte cell line. Low‐dose laser treatments results in activation of the TGF‐β1 pathway that mediated HBD‐2 expression. The two arms of TGF‐β1 signaling, Smad and non‐Smad are involved in laser‐mediated HBD‐2 expression.ConclusionsLaser‐activated TGF‐β1 signaling and induced expression of HBD‐2, both of which are individually capable of promoting healing in tissues adjacent to high‐power surgical laser applications. Moreover, the use of low‐dose laser therapy itself can provide additional therapeutic benefits for effective clinical management of periodontal or peri‐implant disease.
Comparison of 3 Handling Techniques for Endoscopically Obtained Gastric and Duodenal Biopsy Specimens: A Prospective Study in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Ruiz G.C. , Reyes‐Gomez E. , Hall E.J. , Freiche V. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundLimited evidence exists in the literature regarding whether a specific mount is preferable to use for processing endoscopically obtained gastrointestinal biopsy specimens.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo compare 3 methods of handling endoscopically obtained gastrointestinal biopsy specimens from collection to laboratory processing and to determine if any technique produced superior results.AnimalsTwenty‐three dogs and cats presented for gastrointestinal signs.MethodsProspective study of dogs and cats presented with gastrointestinal signs to a veterinary teaching referral hospital which underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Biopsy specimens were taken from the stomach and duodenum and submitted to the laboratory using 3 techniques: mounted on a cucumber slice, mounted on a moisturized synthetic foam sponge, and floating free in formalin. The techniques were compared with regard to the specimens' width, orientation, presence of artifacts, and pathologist's confidence in diagnosis.ResultsTwenty‐three patients were included, with a total of 528 biopsies collected. Specimens on cucumber slice and on sponge were significantly wider (P < .001 and P = .001, respectively) compared to those floating free in formalin (mean width of 3.81 versus 3.31 and 2.52 mm, respectively). However, specimens on synthetic sponge had significantly fewer artifacts compared to those on cucumber slice (P = .05) and those floating free in formalin (P = .02). Confidence in the diagnosis also was superior with the sponge technique over floating free specimens (P = .002).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe use of mounted gastrointestinal biopsy specimens was superior over the use of specimens floating free in formalin. This technique improved the quality of the specimens and the pathologist's confidence in their histopathologic interpretation.
Congenital Malalignment of the Great Toenails With Acute Paronychia
Authors: Lipner Shari R. , Scher Richard K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCongenital malalignment of the great toenails (CMGT) has been well documented. In the present case, it was complicated by acute paronychia. It is important for physicians to recognize and treat CMGT to prevent sequelae such as onychocryptosis, onychogryphosis, and recurrent paronychia.
The intelligibility of varieties of English in Japan
Authors: ORIKASA MAMI 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis small‐scale study investigated the extent to which 37 Japanese speakers of English found different varieties of English to be intelligible. The varieties of English that were investigated were spoken by eight undergraduate and graduate students from Inner Circle and Expanding Circle countries (the US, China, Korea, and Vietnam) at a state university in the US. This study employed a mixed methods approach, including an intelligibility test and a short questionnaire, to measure intelligibility and comprehensibility and to identify possible factors related to both intelligibility and unintelligibility.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: More Accurate Than Heart Rate for Monitoring Intensity in Running in Hilly Terrain
Authors: Born Dennis-Peter , Stöggl Thomas , Swarén Mikael , Björklund Glenn 
Published: July 2016

Purpose:To investigate the cardiorespiratory and metabolic response of trail running and evaluate whether heart rate (HR) adequately reflects the exercise intensity or if the tissue-saturation index (TSI) could provide a more accurate measure during running in hilly terrain.Methods:Seventeen competitive runners (4 women, V̇O2max, 55 ± 6 mL · kg–1 · min–1; 13 men, V̇O2max, 68 ± 6 mL · kg–1 · min–1) performed a time trial on an off-road trail course. The course was made up of 2 laps covering a total distance of 7 km and included 6 steep uphill and downhill sections with an elevation gain of 486 m. All runners were equipped with a portable breath-by-breath gas analyzer, HR belt, global positioning system receiver, and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device to measure the TSI.Results:During the trail run, the exercise intensity in the uphill and downhill sections was 94% ± 2% and 91% ± 3% of maximal heart rate, respectively, and 84% ± 8% and 68% ± 7% of V̇O2max, respectively. The oxygen uptake (V̇O2) increased in the uphill sections and decreased in the downhill sections (P < .01). Although HR was unaffected by the altering slope conditions, the TSI was inversely correlated to the changes in V̇O2 (r = –.70, P < .05).Conclusions:HR was unaffected by the continuously changing exercise intensity; however, TSI reflected the alternations in V̇O2. Recently used exclusively for scientific purposes, this NIRS-based variable may offer a more accurate alternative than HR to monitor running intensity in the future, especially for training and competition in hilly terrain.
Kakao in Korea: Increasingly Shaking the Market
Authors: Park Jinsoo , Kim Taekyung 
Published: July 2016

Kakao is a fast growing software company focused on providing innovative smartphone applications. The company is rooted in the Korean mobile communication market where customer demands for high speed connectivity have been growing sharply. Kakao maintains the top position in the category of mobile communication utility tool for the last three years and competes successfully with other new comers. However, the company faces tremendous external threat from traditional smartphone carriers, SK Telecom, KT and LG U+. Those telecommunication conglomerates view the rapid growth of Kakao as a dangerous possibility that may deprive them of revenue streams from their traditional cash cows of texting and voice calling. Moreover, traditional software champions, Naver and Daum, steadily expand their market shares by differentiating themselves. Those competitors have strong brand assets, innovation capabilities and market sensitivity. After three years in the mobile software market, Kakao faces constraints to its growth potential. Kakao tries to overcome the situation by positioning itself as a new mobile platform leader that connects potential customers and game publishers. In addition, the company wants to speed up innovation for sustaining its reputation through a financial transfusion from external investors. Instead of choosing an easier option of being merged or acquired, the company clearly sets its course to fight against external challenges. How can Kakao overcome the difficulty and sustain growth? What kind of strategic choices can be executable?
Fast approximations for boundary element based brittle fracture simulation
Authors: Hahn David , Wojtan Chris 
Published: July 2016

We present a boundary element based method for fast simulation of brittle fracture. By introducing simplifying assumptions that allow us to quickly estimate stress intensities and opening displacements during crack propagation, we build a fracture algorithm where the cost of each time step scales linearly with the length of the crack-front.
The transition from a full boundary element method to our faster variant is possible at the beginning of any time step. This allows us to build a hybrid method, which uses the expensive but more accurate BEM while the number of degrees of freedom is low, and uses the fast method once that number exceeds a given threshold as the crack geometry becomes more complicated.
Furthermore, we integrate this fracture simulation with a standard rigid-body solver. Our rigid-body coupling solves a Neumann boundary value problem by carefully separating translational, rotational and deformational components of the collision forces and then applying a Tikhonov regularizer to the resulting linear system. We show that our method produces physically reasonable results in standard test cases and is capable of dealing with complex scenes faster than previous finite- or boundary element approaches.
Influence of Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperature on the Genesis of Gulf Stream Cyclones
Authors: Schemm Sebastian , Ciasto Laura M. , Li Camille , Kvamstø Nils Gunnar 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability and cyclogenesis over the Gulf Stream region of the North Atlantic. A cyclone identification scheme and Lagrangian trajectories are used to compare preferred cyclogenesis locations and precyclogenesis flow paths associated with three patterns of tropical Pacific SST variability: eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño, central Pacific (CP) El Niño, and La Niña. During EP El Niño and La Niña winters, the upper-level precyclogenesis flow takes a subtropical path over North America and Gulf Stream cyclogenesis predominantly occurs under the North Atlantic jet entrance, which is the climatologically preferred location. In contrast, during CP El Niño winters, when the warmest SST anomalies occur in the central tropical Pacific, the precyclogenesis flow takes a northern path across North America and Gulf Stream cyclogenesis tends to occur farther north under the jet exit. The shift in preferred cyclogenesis is consistent with changes in transient upstream flow perturbations, detected using potential vorticity (PV) streamer frequencies, which are associated with the stationary wave response. Compared to EP El Niño winters, CP El Niño winters exhibit fewer southward-extending streamers and cyclonic (LC2) flow behavior, resulting in precyclogenesis air bypassing the right entrance of the North Atlantic jet. Downstream, Gulf Stream cyclones penetrate deeper into high Arctic latitudes during CP El Niño winters than in other cases. The results highlight distinct signatures of tropical SST anomalies on synoptic-scale atmospheric features and could help constrain future changes in the North Atlantic storm track and the associated poleward heat transport.
Trajectories of Developmental Functioning Among Children of Adolescent Mothers: Factors Associated With Risk for Delay
Authors: Jahromi Laudan B. , Umaña-Taylor Adriana J. , Updegraff Kimberly A. , Zeiders Katharine H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractChildren of adolescent mothers are at risk for developmental delays. Less is known about the heterogeneity in these children's developmental trajectories, and factors associated with different patterns of development. This longitudinal study used latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to identify distinct trajectories in children of Mexican-origin adolescent mothers (N = 204). Three distinct groups emerged: (a) a Delayed/Decreasing Functioning group, (b) an At-Risk/Recovering Functioning group, and (c) a Normative/Stable Functioning group. Children with Delayed/Decreasing Functioning were more likely than those with Normative/Stable Functioning to have families with lower income, fewer learning materials at home, and adolescent mothers with more depressive symptoms and greater coparental conflict with adolescents' mother figures. The results contribute to knowledge about factors associated with risk of delay.
Strain-Induced Modulations in the Surface Morphology of Heteroepitaxial Layers
Authors: Cullis A.G. 
Published: July 2016

The growth of semiconductor heteroepitaxial layers is assuming ever greater importance due to the demands of modern electronic-device fabrication. Furthermore although low-strain heterosystems such as AlGaAs/GaAs remain the basis of many device structures, there is an increasing trend also to use more highly strained combinations such as InGaAs/GaAs and SiGe/Si. However the growth of the latter epitaxial systems must be approached with great care in order to achieve the optimum layer structural quality. Of course for any given alloy-layer composition, interfacial misfit defects in general will be introduced when the layer thickness exceeds a critical value, as originally described by Frank and van der Merwe, and Jesser and Matthews. (See the article by F.K. LeGoues in this issue for more general considerations of misfit-defect introduction.) In addition the morphology of such strained layers must be given very careful attention. It is the purpose of this article to examine our current understanding in this latter area.When any epitaxial layer is grown, initially it might be expected that a flat surface would result under ideal growth conditions when internal defects have been eliminated. This would be expected to minimize the surface step density and hence the surface energy. However nature has a way of confounding our simplest expectations and while for homoepitaxial layers in the absence of kinetic effects this expectation virtually can be realized, the presence of strain in a heteroepitaxial system can severely affect the observed layer morphology.
Gerenciamento de projetos voltado para acreditação hospitalar: estudo de caso
Authors: Freire Elana Maria Ramos , Batista Renata Cristina Rocha , Martinez Maria Regina 
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: descrever a implementação dos processos de Gestão de Projetos baseado nas premissas do Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) em um projeto de adequação de uma Central de Materiais e Esterilização aos requisitos de qualidade para acreditação. Método: estudo de caso descritivo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação participante, análise de documentos e questionário estruturado. Resultados: as atividades do projeto foram desenvolvidas e gerenciadas baseadas em oito áreas de conhecimento do PMBOK - gerenciamento da integração, do escopo, do tempo, da qualidade, de recursos humanos, das comunicações, dos riscos e partes interessadas. Conclusão: o gerenciamento de projetos possibilitou a execução do projeto no tempo e escopo previstos, atendendo aos requisitos de qualidade, permitindo maior envolvimento e comprometimento da equipe.
Caracterização da sedação e analgesia em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: estudo observacional
Authors: Dos Santos Karina Dantas , Martins Ivo Da Costa , Gonçalves Fernanda Alves Ferreira 
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: avaliar o processo de sedação e analgesia em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI). Método: estudo transversal, observacional, realizado de setembro de 2014 a fevereiro de 2015 na UTI de uma instituição de ensino de Goiânia/GO. A amostra foi constituída de 30 pacientes maiores de 18 anos, intubados e sedados há mais de 24 horas (protocolo no. 763.827/2014). Resultados: foram utilizadasanalgesia e sedação contínua e intermitente, sendo o fentanil e o dormonid as drogas mais usadas. Discussão: o tratamento padrão entre pacientes críticos e submetidos à VMI foi a sedação contínua, administrada devido à ansiedade, para facilitar cuidado da equipe de enfermagem. A principal indicação para sedação foi a manutenção de VMI. Conclusão: falta padronização das condutas no manejo da sedação. Recomenda-se a elaboração de protocolos com atuação da equipe multiprofissional.
Avaliação de famílias com mais de uma mulher mastectomizada: estudo de caso
Authors: De Oliveira Patrícia Peres , Gesteira Elaine Cristina Rodrigues , Silveira Edilene Aparecida Araújo da , Amaral Lorena , Moreira Maysa Mayran Chaves , Rodrigues Andrea Bezerra 
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: avaliar a estrutura, o desenvolvimento e a funcionalidade de famílias com mais de uma mulher com neoplasia maligna da mama e mastectomizada. Método: estudo qualitativo com base teórica nas categorias estrutural, desenvolvimental e funcional, propostas pelo modelo Calgary e com estudo de caso como estratégia metodológica. Os dados foram coletados por meio de visitas domiciliares junto a 10 famílias com mulheres mastectomizadas, no período de agosto de 2014 a fevereiro de 2015. Resultados: subsistemas conflituosos estiveram presentes apenas em duas famílias e todas apresentaram em sua rede de apoio elementos oriundos de outros sistemas que não o familiar, como vizinhos e instituições de saúde. No processo de assistência, o vínculo estabelecido, o apoio e o acompanhamento frequentes contribuíram para amenizar algumas dificuldades. Conclusão: acredita-se que o modelo Calgary possibilitou uma visão ampliada da família, compreensão das relações internas e externas, e busca de equilíbrio entre as fragilidades e fortalezas
Necessidades humanas básicas alteradas em pacientes pós-transplante renal: estudo transversal
Authors: Souza Thamires Lessa de , Trindade Thaisy Raquel Oliveira , Mendonça Ana Elza Oliveira de , Silva Richardson Augusto Rosendo da 
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: identificar as necessidades humanas básicas alteradas nos pacientes que realizaram transplante renal, à luz da Teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas. Método: estudo transversal de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 68 pacientes em pós-operatório de transplante renal em um hospital do Nordeste brasileiro entre os meses de outubro de 2013 e março de 2014. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi um roteiro de anamnese e exame físico. Os resultados foram analisados por meio da Teoria de Horta. Resultados: foram identificadas 13 necessidades alteradas, sendo as mais frequentas: eliminação, oxigenação, hidratação, integridade cutâneo-mucosa, sono/repouso, nutrição e lazer. Conclusão: o estudo permitiu identificar que as necessidades humanas básicas alteradas nos pacientes que realizaram transplante renal, estavam divididas em Psicobiológicas e Psicossociais, sendo relevantes para subsidiar a elaboração de um plano de cuidados mais específico para essa clientela.
Food Security In an Age of Falling Commodity and Food Prices: The Case of Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Azoulay Gérard 
Published: July 2016

Within a context characterized by a simultaneous occurrence of a global equilibrium of the world food balance and the persistence of a high percentage of the world's population that does not adequately meet its nutritional needs, this article intends to concentrate on the impacts of falling food prices on food security focusing on Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). SSA is not the region that accounts for the most important number of people suffering from hunger, but is a region that experiences the highest prevalence of hunger.The article considers the driving forces of the rising/falling prices of food and commodities. It analyzes the impact of falling food prices on the food security situation in SSA, and discusses the main constraints of food policies and strategies in SSA.
Laundry Performance: Effect of Detergent and Additives on Consumer Satisfaction
Authors: Ferri Ada , Osset Miquel , Abeliotis Konstadinos , Amberg Caroline , Candan Cevza , Owens Jeremy , Stamminger Rainer 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
To identify key features in the perception of consumer satisfaction of washing performance, a survey among detergent users from five European countries was run. Respondents from each country were volunteers recruited through the Internet without previous selection criteria. The size of the sample (over 4,000 participants) and the wide geographical distribution of the respondents delivered a large set of data. According to the collected answers, respondents show a significant degree of satisfaction with the detergents they use, regardless of type and country. They were only dissatisfied by tough stains and exceptional problems with their wash loads. Detergent additives are widely used but the use and type of laundry additive showed significant differences from country to country. Respondents understood the usefulness of stain removers and showed a high degree of satisfaction using them. Damages to textiles, when it occurs, are not usually associated with the quality of the detergent used but with other factors in the washing process.