bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poor housing conditions in association with child health in a disadvantaged immigrant population: a cross-sectional study in Rosengård, Malmö, Sweden
Authors: Oudin Anna , Richter Jens C , Taj Tahir , Al-nahar Lina , Jakobsson Kristina 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo describe the home environment in terms of housing conditions and their association with child health in a disadvantaged immigrant population.DesignA cross-sectional observational study.SettingEnrolment took place during 2010–2011 in Rosengård, Malmö, Sweden.ParticipantsChildren aged 0–13 years in 2 study neighbourhoods were recruited from local health records and from schools. 359 children participated, with a participation rate of 40%. Data on health, lifestyle and apartment characteristics from questionnaire-led interviews with the mothers of the children were obtained together with data from home inspections carried out by trained health communicators.Outcome measuresLogistic regression analysis was used to estimate ORs for various health outcomes, adjusted for demographic information and lifestyle factors.ResultsThe housing conditions were very poor, especially in one of the study neighbourhoods where 67% of the apartments had been sanitised of cockroaches, 27% were infested with cockroaches and 40% had a visible mould. The association between housing conditions and health was mostly inconclusive, but there were statistically significant associations between current asthma and dampness (OR=4.1, 95% CI 1.7 to 9.9), between asthma medication and dampness (OR=2.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 6.4), and between mould and headache (OR=4.2, 95% CI 1.2 to 14.8). The presence of cockroaches was associated with emergency care visits, with colds, with headache and with difficulty falling asleep, and worse general health was associated with mould and presence of cockroaches.ConclusionsThe associations between dampness and asthma, and the association between mould and headache, are in line with current knowledge. The presence of cockroaches seemed to be associated with various outcomes, including those related to mental well-being, which is less described in the literature. The results of the present study are hypothesis generating and provide strong incentives for future studies in this study population.
High prevalence ofChlamydia trachomatisandNeisseria gonorrhoeaeinfections in anal and pharyngeal sites among a community-based sample of men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru
Authors: Leon Segundo R , Segura Eddy R , Konda Kelika A , Flores Juan A , Silva-Santisteban Alfonso , Galea Jerome T , Coates Thomas J , Klausner Jeffrey D , Caceres Carlos F 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesThis study aimed to characterise the epidemiology ofChlamydia trachomatis(CT) andNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) in Lima, Peru.SettingCross-sectional study in Lima, Peru.ParticipantsWe recruited a group of 510 MSM and 208 TW for a subsequent community-based randomised controlled trial. The presence of CT and NG were evaluated using Aptima Combo2 in pharyngeal and anal swabs. We also explored correlates of these infections. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Study end points included overall prevalence ofC. trachomatisandN. gonorrhoeaein anal and pharyngeal sites.ResultsOverall prevalence of CT was 19% (95% CI 16.1% to 22.1%) and 4.8% (95% CI 3.3% to 6.6%) in anal and pharyngeal sites, respectively, while prevalence of NG was 9.6% (95% CI 7.5% to 12.0%) and 6.5% (95% CI 4.8% to 8.5%) in anal and pharyngeal sites, respectively.ConclusionsThe prevalence of each infection declined significantly among participants older than 34 years (p<0.05). Efforts towards prevention and treatment of extraurogenital chlamydial and gonococcal infections in high-risk populations like MSM and TW in Lima, Peru, are warranted.Trial registration numberNCT00670163; Results.
‘Please don't call me Mister’: patient preferences of how they are addressed and their knowledge of their treating medical team in an Australian hospital
Authors: Parsons Shaun R , Hughes Andrew J , Friedman N Deborah 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate how patients prefer to be addressed by healthcare providers and to assess their knowledge of their attending medical team's identity in an Australian Hospital.SettingSingle-centre, large tertiary hospital in Australia.Participants300 inpatients were included in the survey. Patients were selected in a sequential, systematic and whole-ward manner. Participants were excluded with significant cognitive impairment, non-English speaking, under the age of 18 years or were too acutely unwell to participate. The sample demographic was predominately an older population of Anglo-Saxon background.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPatients preferred mode of address from healthcare providers including first name, title and second name, abbreviated first name or another name. Whether patients disliked formal address of title and second name. Secondarily, patient knowledge of their attending medical team members name and role and if correct, what position within the medical hierarchy they held.ResultsOver 99% of patients prefer informal address with greater than one-third having a preference to being called a name other than their legal first name. 57% of patients were unable to correctly name a single member of their attending medical team.ConclusionsThese findings support patient preference of informal address; however, healthcare providers cannot assume that a documented legal first name is preferred by the patient. Patient knowledge of their attending medical team is poor and suggests current introduction practices are insufficient.
Preoperative therapy with pazopanib in high-risk soft tissue sarcoma: a phase II window-of-opportunity study by the German Interdisciplinary Sarcoma Group (GISG-04/NOPASS)
Authors: Ronellenfitsch Ulrich , Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss Antonia , Jakob Jens , Kasper Bernd , Nowak Kai , Pilz Lothar R , Attenberger Ulrike , Gaiser Timo , Egerer Gerlinde , Fröhling Stefan , Derigs Hans-Günter , Schwarzbach Matthias , Hohenberger Peter 
Published: January 2016

IntroductionFor resectable soft tissue sarcoma (STS), radical surgery, usually combined with radiotherapy, is the mainstay of treatment and the only potentially curative modality. Since surgery is often complicated by large tumour size and extensive tumour vasculature, preoperative treatment strategies with the aim of devitalising the tumour are being explored. One option is treatment with antiangiogenic drugs. The multikinase inhibitor pazopanib, which possesses pronounced antiangiogenic effects, has shown activity in metastatic and unresectable STS, but has so far not been tested in the preoperative setting.Methods and analysisThis open-label, multicentre phase II window-of-opportunity trial assesses pazopanib as preoperative treatment of resectable STS. Participants receive a 21-day course of pazopanib 800 mg daily during wait time for surgery. Major eligibility criteria are resectable, high-risk adult STS of any location, or metachronous solitary STS metastasis for which resection is planned, and adequate organ function and performance status. The trial uses an exact single-stage design. The primary end point is metabolic response rate (MRR), that is, the proportion of patients with >50% reduction of the mean standardised uptake value (SUVmean) in post-treatment compared to pre-treatment fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography CT. The MRR below which the treatment is considered ineffective is 0.2. The MRR above which the treatment warrants further exploration is 0.4. With a type I error of 5% and a power of 80%, the sample size is 35 evaluable patients, with 12 or more responders as threshold. Main secondary end points are histopathological and MRI response, resectability, toxicity, recurrence-free and overall survival. In a translational substudy, endothelial progenitor cells and vascular epithelial growth factor receptor are analysed as potential prognostic and predictive markers.Ethics and disseminationApproval by the ethics committee II, University of Heidelberg, Germany (2012-019F-MA), German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (61-3910-4038155) and German Federal Institute for Radiation Protection (Z5-22463/2-2012-007).Trial registration numberNCT01543802, EudraCT: 2011-003745-18; Pre-results.
The impact of self-harm by young people on parents and families: a qualitative study
Authors: Ferrey Anne E , Hughes Nicholas D , Simkin Sue , Locock Louise , Stewart Anne , Kapur Navneet , Gunnell David , Hawton Keith 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesLittle research has explored the full extent of the impact of self-harm on the family. This study aimed to explore the emotional, physical and practical effects of a young person's self-harm on parents and family.Design and participantsWe used qualitative methods to explore the emotional, physical and practical effects of a young person's self-harm on their parents and family. We conducted a thematic analysis of thirty-seven semistructured narrative interviews with parents of young people who had self-harmed.ResultsAfter the discovery of self-harm, parents described initial feelings of shock, anger and disbelief. Later reactions included stress, anxiety, feelings of guilt and in some cases the onset or worsening of clinical depression. Social isolation was reported, as parents withdrew from social contact due to the perceived stigma associated with self-harm. Parents also described significant impacts on siblings, ranging from upset and stress to feelings of responsibility and worries about stigma at school. Siblings had mixed responses, but were often supportive. Practically speaking, parents found the necessity of being available to their child often conflicted with the demands of full-time work. This, along with costs of, for example, travel and private care, affected family finances. However, parents generally viewed the future as positive and hoped that with help, their child would develop better coping mechanisms.ConclusionsSelf-harm by young people has major impacts on parents and other family members. Clinicians and staff who work with young people who self-harm should be sensitive to these issues and offer appropriate support and guidance for families.
Efficacy and safety of second-generation antipsychotic long-acting injections (SGA LAIs) in maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Prajapati Asta R , Wilson Jonathan , Maidment Ian 
Published: January 2016

IntroductionBipolar disorder requires long-term treatment but non-adherence is a common problem. Antipsychotic long-acting injections (LAIs) have been suggested to improve adherence but none are licensed in the UK for bipolar. However, the use of second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) LAIs in bipolar is not uncommon albeit there is a lack of systematic review in this area. This study aims to systematically review safety and efficacy of SGA LAIs in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder.Methods and analysisThe protocol is based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and will include only randomised controlled trials comparing SGA LAIs in bipolar. PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), PsychINFO, LiLACS,http://www.clinicaltrials.govwill be searched, with no language restriction, from 2000 to January 2016 as first SGA LAIs came to the market after 2000. Manufacturers of SGA LAIs will also be contacted. Primary efficacy outcome is relapse rate or delayed time to relapse or reduction in hospitalisation and primary safety outcomes are drop-out rates, all-cause discontinuation and discontinuation due to adverse events. Qualitative reporting of evidence will be based on 21 items listed on standards for reporting qualitative research (SRQR) focusing on study quality (assessed using the Jadad score, allocation concealment and data analysis), risk of bias and effect size. Publication bias will be assessed using funnel plots. If sufficient data are available meta-analysis will be performed with primary effect size as relative risk presented with 95% CI. Sensitivity analysis, conditional on number of studies and sample size, will be carried out on manic versus depressive symptoms and monotherapy versus adjunctive therapy.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentation and the press.Study registration numberPROSPERO CRD42015023948.
The utility of heart failure registries: a descriptive and comparative study of two heart failure registries
Authors: Trullàs Joan Carles , Miró Òscar , Formiga Francesc , Martín-Sánchez Francisco Javier , Montero-Pérez-Barquero Manuel , Jacob Javier , Quirós-López Raúl , Herrero Puente Pablo , Manzano Luís , Llorens Pere ,   members of the RICA and EAHFE registries, Anarte L , Aramburu O , Arévalo-Lorido J C , Bas F , Carrera M , Cerqueiro J M , Conde A , Dávila M F , Díez J , Epelde F , Formiga F , González A , Guisado M E , Herrero A , Manzano L , Martínez A , Montero M , Murado I , Oropesa R , Pérez J I , Quesada M A , Quirós R , Ruiz R , Salamanca P , Sánchez M , Satué J A , Serrado A , Suárez I , Trullàs J C , Fuentes M , Vallés J , Gil V , Escoda R , Pavón J , Álvarez A B , Noval A , Torres J M , López-Grima M L , Valero A , Aguirre A , Sancho H , Ruiz P , Giménez A , Franco J M , Pardo S , Mecina A B , Tost J , Fabregat J , Epelde F , Sánchez S , Piñera P , Garate R Torres , Alquezar A , Rizzi M A , Richard F , Lucas J , Cabello I 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground and aimRegistries are useful to address questions that are difficult to answer in clinical trials. The objective of this study was to describe and compare two heart failure (HF) cohorts from two Spanish HF registries.MethodsWe compared the RICA and EAHFE registries, both of which are prospective multicentre cohort studies including patients with decompensated HF consecutively admitted to internal medicine wards (RICA) or attending the emergency department (EAHFE). From the latter registry we only included patients who were admitted to internal medicine wards.ResultsA total of 5137 patients admitted to internal medicine wards were analysed (RICA: 3287 patients; EAHFE: 1850 patients). Both registries included elderly patients (RICA: mean (SD) age 79 (9) years; EAHFE: mean (SD) age 81 (9) years), with a slight predominance of female gender (52% and 58%, respectively, in the RICA and EAHFE registries) and with a high proportion of patients with preserved ejection fraction (58% and 62%, respectively). Some differences in comorbidities were noted, with diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, chronic renal failure and atrial fibrillation being more frequent in the RICA registry while cognitive and functional impairment predominated in the EAHFE registry. The 30-day mortality after discharge was 3.4% in the RICA registry and 4.8% in the EAHFE registry (p&lt;0.05) and the 30-day readmission rate was 7.5% in the RICA registry (readmission to hospital) and 24.0% in the EAHFE registry (readmission to emergency department) (p&lt;0.001).ConclusionsWe found differences in the clinical characteristics of patients admitted to Spanish internal medicine wards for decompensated HF depending on inclusion in either the RICA or EAHFE registry.
Exact solution of the planar motion of three arbitrary point vortices
Authors: Conte Robert , de Seze Laurent 
Published: January 2016

We give an exact quantitative solution for the motion of three vortices of any strength, which Poincaré showed to be integrable. The absolute motion of one vortex is generally biperiodic: in uniformly rotating axes, the motion is periodic. There are two kinds of relative equilibrium configuration: two equilateral triangles and one or three colinear configurations, their stability conditions split the strengths space into three domains in which the sets of trajectories are topologically distinct. According to the values of the strengths and the initial positions, all the possible motions are classified. Two sets of strengths lead to generic motions other than biperiodic. First, when the angular momentum vanishes, besides the biperiodic regime there exists an expansion spiral motion and even a triple collision in a finite time, but the latter motion is nongeneric. Second, when two strengths are opposite, the system also exhibits the elastic diffusion of a vortex doublet by the third vortex. For given values of the invariants, the volume of the phase space of this Hamiltonian system is proportional to the period of the reduced motion, a well known result of the theory of adiabatic invariants. We then formally examine the behaviour of the quantities that Onsager defined only for a large number of interacting vortices.
Key dialectics in cloud services
Authors: Dainow Brandt 
Published: January 2016

This paper will identify three central dialectics within cloud services. These constitute defining positions regarding the nature of cloud services in terms of privacy, ethical responsibility, technical architecture and economics. These constitute the main frameworks within which ethical discussions of cloud services occur.

The first dialectic concerns the question of whether it is it essential that personal privacy be reduced in order to deliver personalised cloud services. I shall evaluate the main arguments in favour of the view that it is. To contrast this, I shall review Langheinrich's
Principles of Privacy-Aware Ubiquitous Systems
[24]. This offers a design strategy which maintains functionality while embedding privacy protection into the architecture and operation of cloud services.

The second dialectic is concerned with the degree to which people who design or operate cloud services are ethically responsible for the consequences of the actions of those systems, sometimes known as the "responsibility gap." I shall briefly review two papers which argue that no one is ethically responsible for such software, then contrast them with two papers which make strong arguments for responsibility. I shall show how claims for no responsibility rest on very narrow definitions of responsibility combined with questionable conceptions of technology itself.
The current shape of cloud services is dominated by a tension between open and closed systems. I shall show how this is reflected in architecture, standards and organisational models. I will then examine alternatives to the current state of affairs, including recent developments in support of alternative business models at government level, such as the House of Lords call for the Internet to be treated as a public utility (The Select Committee on Digital Skills, 2015).
What is required of requirements?
Authors: Wilford Sara H. 
Published: January 2016

Responsible research and innovation (RRI) considers the impact of development on stakeholders and provides a direction for the future of science and technology. Therefore, in the practical world of the lab, what is needed is a set of guidelines to assist in the application of those RRI principles. However, to ensure that any guidelines are usable and acceptable, it is important to engage with those who would actually be expected to implement them.
Stakeholders are often asked to evaluate a set of guidelines or recommendations without having any say in how they are constructed, what they should look like or what they should contain. The process of stakeholder engagement in the development of a set of 'requirements' therefore provides insight from which a set of guidelines can be developed. In this way, acceptance is fostered through stakeholder involvment in the process, which has been built from the core principles of RRI.
Intensive Working Memory Training Produces Functional Changes in Large-scale Frontoparietal Networks
Authors: Thompson Todd W. , Waskom Michael L. , Gabrieli John D. E. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Working memory is central to human cognition, and intensive cognitive training has been shown to expand working memory capacity in a given domain. It remains unknown, however, how the neural systems that support working memory are altered through intensive training to enable the expansion of working memory capacity. We used fMRI to measure plasticity in activations associated with complex working memory before and after 20 days of training. Healthy young adults were randomly assigned to train on either a dual n-back working memory task or a demanding visuospatial attention task. Training resulted in substantial and task-specific expansion of dual n-back abilities accompanied by changes in the relationship between working memory load and activation. Training differentially affected activations in two large-scale frontoparietal networks thought to underlie working memory: the executive control network and the dorsal attention network. Activations in both networks linearly scaled with working memory load before training, but training dissociated the role of the two networks and eliminated this relationship in the executive control network. Load-dependent functional connectivity both within and between these two networks increased following training, and the magnitudes of increased connectivity were positively correlated with improvements in task performance. These results provide insight into the adaptive neural systems that underlie large gains in working memory capacity through training.
Decoding fMRI Signatures of Real-world Autobiographical Memory Retrieval
Authors: Rissman Jesse , Chow Tiffany E. , Reggente Nicco , Wagner Anthony D. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Extant neuroimaging data implicate frontoparietal and medial-temporal lobe regions in episodic retrieval, and the specific pattern of activity within and across these regions is diagnostic of an individual's subjective mnemonic experience. For example, in laboratory-based paradigms, memories for recently encoded faces can be accurately decoded from single-trial fMRI patterns [Uncapher, M. R., Boyd-Meredith, J. T., Chow, T. E., Rissman, J., & Wagner, A. D. Goal-directed modulation of neural memory patterns: Implications for fMRI-based memory detection. Journal of Neuroscience, 35, 8531–8545, 2015; Rissman, J., Greely, H. T., & Wagner, A. D. Detecting individual memories through the neural decoding of memory states and past experience. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 107, 9849–9854, 2010]. Here, we investigated the neural patterns underlying memory for real-world autobiographical events, probed at 1- to 3-week retention intervals as well as whether distinct patterns are associated with different subjective memory states. For 3 weeks, participants (n = 16) wore digital cameras that captured photographs of their daily activities. One week later, they were scanned while making memory judgments about sequences of photos depicting events from their own lives or events captured by the cameras of others. Whole-brain multivoxel pattern analysis achieved near-perfect accuracy at distinguishing correctly recognized events from correctly rejected novel events, and decoding performance did not significantly vary with retention interval. Multivoxel pattern classifiers also differentiated recollection from familiarity and reliably decoded the subjective strength of recollection, of familiarity, or of novelty. Classification-based brain maps revealed dissociable neural signatures of these mnemonic states, with activity patterns in hippocampus, medial PFC, and ventral parietal cortex being particularly diagnostic of recollection. Finally, a classifier trained on previously acquired laboratory-based memory data achieved reliable decoding of autobiographical memory states. We discuss the implications for neuroscientific accounts of episodic retrieval and comment on the potential forensic use of fMRI for probing experiential knowledge.