bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological momentary assessment of delay discounting, reward valuation, and craving in very light cigarette users
Authors: Furer Melinda L. , Huang Siyuan , Smyth Joshua M. , Wilson Stephen J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHeightened delay discounting has been linked to adverse smoking cessation outcomes, including among light cigarette users. Few studies have evaluated delay discounting's proposed mechanism, preference reversal (concurrent increases in valuation of/craving for desired objects), and none have done so in naturalistic settings. We examined how person‐level delay discounting moderated the within‐person association between cigarette valuation and craving among very light daily cigarette users who were financially incentivized to abstain. Forty participants completed a baseline delay‐discounting task and intermittent ratings of cigarette valuation and craving during the incentivized abstinence attempt. Subjects earned monetary rewards for abstinence on a descending schedule (e.g., $20 on Days 1 and 2 and $2.50 on Days 9 and 10). Consistent with preference reversals, there was a positive association between cigarette valuation and craving. This relation was moderated by delay discounting (stronger among those with low discounting rates) and by monetary reinforcement amount (stronger on days with low reinforcement). Additionally, subjects were more likely to report stronger cravings on days with high monetary reinforcement, with this effect moderated by delay discounting (stronger among those with low discounting rates). The results suggest that heightened delay discounting may not confer risk for preference reversal among very light daily cigarette users who are attempting abstinence.
Extramedullary disease in Waldenström macroglobulinemia: A population‐based observational study
Authors: Østergaard Simon , Munksgaard Lars , Nielsen Torsten Holm , Hammer Troels , Pedersen Lars Møller , Ølgod Pedersen Mette , Gjerdrum Lise Mette Rahbek 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroduction: Extramedullary disease (EMD) is a rare manifestation of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), and its clinical and prognostic implications are poorly understood. Methods: In this single‐center study, we investigated the clinical significance of EMD in a cohort of 469 WM patients. Results: EMD was identified in 30 (6.4%) patients, with the central nervous system, kidneys, and lungs being the most frequently affected sites. The cumulative incidence of EMD was 12.6% at 15 years. Median overall survival rates at 5 and 10 years for patients with EMD were 63% and 37%, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a persistent risk of EMD throughout the disease course, with no significant impact on long‐term survival.
The UK consensus supporting effective introduction of novel treatments for multiple myeloma in the National Health Service
Authors: Popat Rakesh , Basu Supratik , Henshaw Sarah , Karunanithi Kamaraj , Ramasamy Karthik , Singh Inderjit , Tailor Anish , Walker Ian , Warren Tim , Ali Noreen , Duffield Charles , Cook Gordon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionMultiple myeloma (MM) is a relapsing, debilitating blood cancer which remains incurable despite advances in treatments. Patients typically receive multiple lines of treatment, to which they become refractory, thereby limiting treatment options. B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) represent a novel modality of treatment that has significant efficacy for relapsed or refractory patients.The objective was to develop consensus statements for the effective implementation of BCMA BsAbs for relapsed or refractory MM patients within the National Health Service (NHS).MethodsThe process employed a modified Delphi methodology. In March 2023, a literature review on the topic of novel treatments for MM was performed using the PubMed database.The process employed a modified Delphi methodology. Following a literature review, a steering group of eight expert clinicians identified and agreed on five main topics of focus and 44 statements. These were then developed into an online survey which was distributed to healthcare professionals working in Levels 1, 2 and 3 haematology centres in the United Kingdom. Results were then shared with the expert panel to determine conclusions. The threshold for consensus agreement was set at 75%.ResultsA total of 60 responses were received from all three centre levels. There was representation from all targeted centres. Consensus was achieved in 42 statements (95%) across three broad areas: the patient profile, initiation and step‐up dosing, monitoring and ongoing care, the role of multidisciplinary team and service designs for optimal management, consensus was not achieved for two statements. Given the level of agreement and that the stopping criteria were met, it was decided not to undertake further Delphi rounds.ConclusionThis consensus provides a framework to support the effective introduction of novel treatments for MM in the NHS. The results were used to inform a checklist for use within haematology services when considering the provision of MM care specific to BCMA BsAbs.
Proteogenomic characterization of highly enriched viable leukemic blasts in acute myeloid leukemia: A SWOG report
Authors: Naru Jasmine , Othus Megan , Lin ChenWei , Biernacki Melinda A. , Bleakley Marie , Chauncey Thomas R. , Erba Harry P. , Fang Min , Fitzgibbon Matthew P. , Gafken Phillip R. , Ivey Richard G. , Kennedy Jacob J. , Lorentzen Travis D. , Meshinchi Soheil , Moseley Anna , Pogosova‐Agadjanyan Era L. , Liu Vivian M. , Radich Jerald P. , Voytovich Uliana J. , Wang Pei , Whiteaker Jeffrey R. , Willman Cheryl L. , Wu Feinan , Paulovich Amanda G. , Stirewalt Derek L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains one of the deadliest hematopoietic malignancies. A better understanding of the molecular biology governing AML may lead to improved risk stratification and facilitate the development of novel therapies. Proteins are responsible for much of the biology of cells. Several studies have examined the global proteome in bulk mononuclear cells (MNCs) from AML specimens, which are comprised a heterogenous population of cells at various stages of differentiation.MethodsGiven the potential impact of the nonleukemic cells on protein expression profiles, we applied an integrative proteogenomic approach utilizing next‐generation sequencing and mass spectrometry‐based proteomics to identify novel protein biomarkers in unsorted MNCs and viable leukemic blasts (VLBs) isolated from blood and bone marrow specimens obtained at the time of AML diagnosis.ResultsWe identified significant differences in protein expression between VLBs and MNCs. Subsequent studies (N = 27) focused on proteomic profiling of VLBs that identified novel candidate biomarkers associated with mutational genotypes and clinical outcome, some of which were recapitulated in an independent cohort of patients. Using mass spectrometry, we also detected mutated protein products, some of which were predicted via in silico analyses to be potential neoantigens amenable to adoptive immunotherapy. As previously described, analyses comparing transcript and protein expression showed an overall modest correlation between mRNA and protein dataset, but enriching for genes associated with mutations significantly improved the protein–RNA correlation.ConclusionTogether, the results provide insight into the biology of VLBs and demonstrate the gains derived from examining the proteome in addition to genome and transcriptome.
Very high HIV prevalence and incidence among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Indonesia: a retrospective observational cohort study in Bali and Jakarta, 2017–2020
Authors: Wardhani Brigitta Dhyah Kunthi , Grulich Andrew E. , Kawi Nurhayati H. , Prasetia Yogi , Luis Hendry , Wirawan Gede Benny S. , Pradnyani Putu Erma , Kaldor John , Law Matthew , Ronoatmodjo Sudarto , Sihotang Erik Parulian , Januraga Pande Putu , Bavinton Benjamin R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere are no longitudinal HIV incidence data among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in Indonesia. We aimed to estimate HIV prevalence and incidence and identify associated factors among clinic attendees in Jakarta and Bali.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using medical records from five clinics. We reviewed HIV tests among MSM/TGW aged ≥18 years who attended the clinics between 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2020 in Jakarta and 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019 in Bali. HIV prevalence was measured at the first test. Those with an HIV‐negative test and ≥1 follow‐up test/s were included in the person‐years (PY) at risk to determine HIV incidence. The PY at risk calculation started at the first negative test until the last recorded negative test or seroconversion. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to determine factors associated with HIV acquisition.ResultsAmong 5203 and 2815 individuals with an HIV test result in Jakarta and Bali, respectively, at the first HIV test, 1205 and 616 were HIV positive (HIV prevalence 23.2% and 21.9%). The longitudinal sample included 1418 and 873 individuals, respectively. The median number of tests among repeat testers was 3 in Jakarta (interquartile range [IQR] = 2–4) and 3 in Bali (IQR = 2–5). At baseline, about one‐quarter were aged <25 years, >90% were MSM and >35% had been tested for HIV previously. In Jakarta, there were 127 HIV seroconversions in 1353 PY (incidence 9.39/100 PY, 95% CI = 7.89–11.17), and in Bali, 71 seroconversions in 982 PY (incidence 7.24/100 PY, 95% CI = 5.73–9.13). Compared to those aged 18–24 years, the incidence rate was lower in older patients (Jakarta—30–39 years: aRR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.34–0.92; 40+ years: aRR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.14–0.81; Bali—25–29 years: aRR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.25–0.79; 30–39 years: aRR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.18–0.61; 40+ years: aRR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.01–0.48). In Jakarta, incidence was lower in those with university education than in those without (aRR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.45–0.96). In Bali, those who had been referred by outreach workers had a higher incidence than those who self‐presented for testing (aRR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.12–3.07).ConclusionsWe observed very high HIV prevalence and incidence rate estimates. Measures to encourage regular testing and effective use of HIV prevention, including pre‐exposure prophylaxis scale‐up and demand creation, are needed.
Therapeutic liver cell transplantation to treat murine PKU
Authors: Willimann Melanie , Grisch‐Chan Hiu Man , Rimann Nicole , Rothgangl Tanja , Hruzova Martina , Schwank Gerald , Thöny Beat 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFor gene therapy of the liver, in vivo applications based on adeno‐associated virus are the most advanced vectors despite limitations, including low efficacy and episomal loss, potential integration and safety issues, and high production costs. Alternative vectors and/or delivery routes are of high interest. The regenerative ability of the liver bears the potential for ex vivo therapy using liver cell transplantation for disease correction if provided with a selective advantage to expand and replace the existing cell mass. Here we present such treatment of a mouse model of human phenylketonuria (PKU). Primary hepatocytes from wild‐type mice were gene modified in vitro (with a lentiviral vector) that carries a gene editing system (CRISPR) to inhibit Cypor. Cypor inactivation confers paracetamol (or acetaminophen) resistance to hepatocytes and thus a growth advantage to eliminate the pre‐existing liver cells upon grafting (via the spleen) and exposure to repeated treatment with paracetamol. Grafting Cypor‐inactivated wild‐type hepatocytes into inbred young adult enu2 (PKU) mice, followed by selective expansion by paracetamol dosing, resulted in replacing up to 5% of cell mass, normalization of blood phenylalanine, and permanent correction of PKU. Hepatocyte transplantation offers thus an armamentarium of novel therapy options for genetic liver defects.
A Nonlinear Model of RF Switch Device Based on Common Gate GaAs FETs
Authors: Wang Changsi , Wang Yan , Kong Xin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a novel method for nonlinear modeling GaAs field‐effect transistors (FETs) in a common gate (CG) configuration, which is crucial for the effective design and thorough assessment of RF switch circuits. By focusing solely on a CG‐based GaAs FET for RF switch device characterization and modeling, the modeling process is streamlined compared to traditional methods that involve both CG and common source (CS) devices. The direct measurement of both DC and RF characteristics using the CG device enhances the accuracy of model parameter extraction. This approach ensures consistency in model and simulation applications as the CG topology aligns with devices commonly found in RF switch circuits. Moreover, to enhance predictive accuracy regarding the dispersion effect, an improved equation of drain‐source current has been incorporated. The empirical validation of the model reveals good agreements in terms of insertion loss, isolation, and output power performance for the CG GaAs FET device, including a wide band single‐pole double‐throw (SPDT) switch Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC).
Investigating the Limitations of Multi‐Model Ensembling of Climate Model Outputs in Capturing Climate Extremes
Authors: Manikanta Velpuri , Reddy V. Manohar , Das Jew 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn the context of climate change, the widespread practice of directly employing Multi‐Model Ensembles (MMEs) for projecting future climate extremes, without prior evaluation of MME performance in historical periods, remains underexplored. This research addresses this gap through a comprehensive analysis of ensemble means derived from CMIP6‐based models, including both simple and weighted averages of precipitation (SEMP and WEMP) and temperature (SEMT and WEMT) time series, as well as simple (SEME) and weighted (WEME) averages of extremes based on model‐by‐model analysis. The study evaluates the efficacy of MMEs in capturing mean annual values of ETCCDI indices over India for the period 1951–2014, utilising the IMD gridded data set as a reference. The results reveal that SEME and WEME consistently align closely with IMD data across various precipitation indices. At the same time, SEMP and WEMP consistently display underestimation biases ranging from 20% to 80% across all precipitation indices, except for CWD, where there is an overestimation bias. Moreover, SEMP and WEMP consistently underestimate CDD and overestimate CWD, indicating a systematic bias in these ensemble means, while WEME and SEME demonstrate satisfactory performance. SEMT and WEMT exhibit notable underestimation in temperature indices. In summary, adopting SEME and SEMT leads to a more robust assessment of precipitation and temperature extremes, respectively. These findings highlight the limitations of traditional MME methodologies in reproducing observed extreme precipitation events across various climatic zones in India, offering essential insights for refining climate models and improving the reliability of climate projections specific to the Indian subcontinent.
Assessment of enoxaparin‐related knowledge, administration technique, and self‐reported adherence among women after caesarean section delivery
Authors: Rajakumar Sutha , Rajah Retha , Razali Nur Alia , Yan Tan Xin , Guat Tee Ooi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundVenous thromboembolism is among the main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, with caesarean section (CS) delivery carrying greater risk. Outpatient thromboprophylaxis, such as enoxaparin, is administered subcutaneously and prescribed as an outpatient; raising the issue of medication adherence.AimThis study aimed to evaluate women's adherence to enoxaparin administration after CS delivery, explore the reasons for non‐adherence, and assess the factors associated with patients' adherence to enoxaparin.MethodWomen after CS delivery, who had been given enoxaparin at discharge were included in the study. Eligible patients were contacted via telephone at the middle and the end of the enoxaparin treatment. Syringe count determined the main outcome of adherence during direct telephone interviews with the patient. Optimal adherence was defined as all the doses of enoxaparin being administered and suboptimal adherence was at least one dose not administered. Ethical approval was granted by the Malaysian Registry Ethics Committee belonging to National Medical Research Registry (Reference no: NMRR ID‐22‐02859‐P41) and the study conforms with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants through completion of written consent forms, after an explanation of the study was provided by investigators.ResultsOut of 201 women included, the majority (91.5%) were fully adherent to enoxaparin, while 8.5% missed at least one dose. Most patients administering at home missed the dose due to reporting they were unwell (n = 6), busy (n = 4), or forgot to administer (n = 2). Among missed doses in patients administered in a healthcare setting, all participants (n = 5) forgot to bring their medication to the appointment. Only medication knowledge had a significant association with adherence to enoxaparin administration (p = 0.008).ConclusionThe study raised concern about the substantial percentage of patients missing at least one dose of enoxaparin, particularly among patients injecting at home. Initiatives should focus on customised enoxaparin administration counselling and providing educational materials.
Different elemental stoichiometries of Fe‐limited Trichodesmium when grown under inorganic and organic phosphorus sources
Authors: Wang Xuechao , Browning Thomas J. , Achterberg Eric P. , Gledhill Martha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTrichodesmium spp. is a colonial diazotrophic cyanobacterium found in the oligotrophic (sub)tropical oceans, where its distribution is strongly regulated by the availability of phosphorus and iron. The bulk carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus elemental composition of phytoplankton has previously been shown to depart from classical “Redfield” values under nutrient‐limitation conditions. We hypothesized that the abundance of intracellular metabolites and the extended Redfield ratios of Trichodesmium, including a range of trace elements, are variable in response to conditions of phosphorus and iron limitation that are found in the ocean. To test this, we grew Trichodesmium under trace metal–controlled conditions, where phosphorus was supplied as either dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) or dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) from iron depleted to elevated levels. We found that the steady‐state extended Redfield ratios of Trichodesmium under the iron‐depleted condition was (C106N15.82P0.62)1000Fe2.26Zn2.37Mn1.68Cu0.68Ni0.31Mo0.42Co0.03 for the DIP treatment where Trichodesmium was under iron limitation, and (C106N13.89P0.49)1000Fe3.38Zn2.51Mn0.97Cu0.52Ni0.42Mo0.33Co0.03 for the DOP treatment where Trichodesmium was under iron–phosphorus co‐limitation. Mean steady‐state cellular iron : carbon in the DIP treatment (iron limited) was only 50% of that in the control treatment, while zinc : carbon was elevated twofold. The average extended Redfield ratios following recovery from iron limitation was (C106N16.8P0.7)1000Fe4.41Zn1.44Mn1Cu0.52Ni0.19Mo0.3Co0.03 for the DIP and (C106N15.9P0.73)1000Fe7.36Zn2.24Mn1.08Cu0.71Ni0.63Mo0.38Co0.02 for the DOP treatment. No significant changes were observed in the carbon‐normalized abundance of targeted metabolites produced by Trichodesmium, under the different treatments. These results suggest Trichodesmium employs different strategies to cope with iron/phosphorus limitation, which is reflected in its extended Redfield ratios.
Robust tetra‐armed poly (ethylene glycol)‐based hydrogel as tissue bioadhesive for the efficient repair of meniscus tears
Authors: Ye Jing , Chen Yourong , Deng Ronghui , Zhang Jiying , Wang Hufei , Song Shitang , Wang Xinjie , Xu Bingbing , Wang Xing , Yu Jia‐Kuo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRepair and preservation of the injured meniscus has become paramount in clinical practice. However, the complexities of various clinic stitching techniques for meniscus repair pose challenges for grassroots doctors. Hence, there is a compelling interest in innovative therapeutic strategies such as bioadhesives. An ideal bioadhesive must cure quickly in aqueous and blood environments, bind strongly, endure arthroscopic washing pressures, and degrade appropriately for tissue regeneration. Here, we present a tetra‐poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based hydrogel bioadhesive, boasting high biocompatibility, ultrafast gelation, facile injectable operation, and favorable mechanical strength. In view of the synergistic effects of chemical anchor and physical chain entanglement to tightly bind the meniscus, a seamless interface was formed between the surrounding meniscal tissues and hydrogels, enabling the longitudinal tear of the meniscus fused in situ to withstand large tensile force with the adhesive strength of 541.5 ± 31.4 kPa and arthroscopic washout resistance of 29.4 kPa. Superior to existing commercial adhesives, ours allows sutureless application and arthroscopic assistance, without requiring specialized clinical skills. This research is expected to significantly impact our understanding of meniscal healing and ultimately promote a simpler process for achieving functional and structural recovery in torn menisci.
Extracellular vesicles in cancer drug resistance: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications
Authors: Zuo Jing , Yan Han , Qin Siyuan , Yan Yonghao , Wang Shiqi , Yang Li , Yang Jinlin , Yang Jun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite significant advancements in the treatment of cancer, therapeutic resistance remains a major hurdle for the achievement of full cures. Besides being typically driven by intratumoral heterogeneity, such acquired resistance also relies heavily on cell‐cell communication whereby extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying resistance‐related components can be transferred from drug‐resistant cells or nontumorigenic members within tumor microenvironment (TME) to their sensitive neighbors. The cargo and membrane surface proteins of EVs derived from drug‐resistant cells and TME cells carry abundant biological information, transferring therapy‐resistant capacity to sensitive cancer cells. Hence, a deep understanding of the roles of EVs in cancer therapy resistance will facilitate identifying biomarkers and developing new approaches to restore therapy sensitivity. In this review, we summarize our current understanding regarding the causes and effects of EV‐mediated cell–cell communication in drug resistance, with a particular notice on how various kinds of cargoes derived from different cells within TME are linked to the resistant phenotype. We also discuss how this knowledge can contribute to improvements in clinical practice, that is, the opportunities and challenges of EVs in functioning as potential biomarkers in predicting therapeutic resistance and, by extension, EV‐based therapy in achieving deeper and longer‐lasting clinical responses.