bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural dynamics of variable grasp movement preparation in the macaque fronto-parietal network
Authors: Michaels Jonathan A , Dann Benjamin , Intveld Rijk W , Scherberger Hansjörg 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOur voluntary grasping actions lie on a continuum between immediate action and waiting for the right moment, depending on the context. Therefore, studying grasping requires investigating how preparation time affects this process. Two macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta) performed a grasping task with a short instruction followed by an immediate or delayed go cue (0-1300 ms) while we recorded in parallel from neurons in the hand area (F5) of the ventral premotor cortex and the anterior intraparietal area (AIP). Initial population dynamics followed a fixed trajectory in the neural state space unique to each grip type, reflecting unavoidable preparation, then diverged depending on the delay. Although similar types of single unit responses were present in both areas, population activity in AIP stabilized within a unique memory state while F5 activity continued to evolve, tracking subjective anticipation of the go cue. Intriguingly, activity during movement initiation clustered into two trajectory clusters, corresponding to movements that were either ‘as fast as possible’ or withheld movements, demonstrating a widespread state shift in the fronto-parietal grasping network when movements must be withheld. Our results reveal how dissociation between static and dynamic components of movement preparation as well as differentiation between cortical areas is possible through population level analysis.Significance StatementMany of our movements must occur with no warning, while others we can prepare in advance. Yet, it’s unclear how planning for movements along the spectrum between these two situations differs in the brain. Two macaque monkeys made reach to grasp movements after varying amounts of preparation time while we recorded from premotor and parietal cortex. We found that the initial response to a grasp instruction was specific to the required movement, but not the preparation time, reflecting required processing. However, when more preparation time was given, neural activity achieved unique states that likely related to withholding movements and anticipation of movement, which was more prevalent in premotor cortex, suggesting differing roles of premotor and parietal cortex in grasp planning.
Higher genetic risk for schizophrenia is associated with living in urban and populated areas
Authors: Colodro-Conde Lucia , Couvy-Duchesne Baptiste , Whitfield John B. , Streit Fabian , Gordon Scott , Rietschel Marcella , McGrath John , Medland Sarah E. , Martin Nicholas G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSocial stress in urban life has been proposed as an environmental risk factor associated with the increased prevalence of schizophrenia in urban compared to rural areas. However, the potential genetic contributions to this relationship have been largely ignored.Using a community-based sample of 15,544 adults living in Australia, we found higher genetic loading for schizophrenia in participants living in more densely populated (p-value=5.69*10-5) or less remote areas (p-value=0.003). Mendelian Randomization suggested that high schizophrenia genetic risk is a causal factor in chosing to live in denser (p-value=0.046) and less remote areas (p-value=0.044).Our results support the hypothesis of selective migration to more urban environments by people at higher genetic risk for schizophrenia and suggest a need to refine the social stress model for schizophrenia by including genetic influences on where people choose to live.
A Large-Scale Binding and Functional Map of Human RNA Binding Proteins
Authors: Van Nostrand Eric L , Freese Peter , Pratt Gabriel A , Wang Xiaofeng , Wei Xintao , Xiao Rui , Blue Steven M , Chen Jia-Yu , Cody Neal A.L. , Dominguez Daniel , Olson Sara , Sundararaman Balaji , Zhan Lijun , Bazile Cassandra , Bouvrette Louis Philip Benoit , Bergalet Julie , Duff Michael O , Garcia Keri E. , Gelboin-Burkhart Chelsea , Hochman Myles , Lambert Nicole J , Li Hairi , Nguyen Thai B , Palden Tsultrim , Rabano Ines , Sathe Shashank , Stanton Rebecca , Su Amanda , Wang Ruth , Yee Brian A. , Zhou Bing , Louie Ashley L , Aigner Stefan , Fu Xiang-dong , Lécuyer Eric , Burge Christopher B. , Graveley Brenton R. , Yeo Gene W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGenomes encompass all the information necessary to specify the development and function of an organism. In addition to genes, genomes also contain a myriad of functional elements that control various steps in gene expression. A major class of these elements function only when transcribed into RNA as they serve as the binding sites for RNA binding proteins (RBPs), which act to control post-transcriptional processes including splicing, cleavage and polyadenylation, RNA editing, RNA localization, stability, and translation. Despite the importance of these functional RNA elements encoded in the genome, they have been much less studied than genes and DNA elements. Here, we describe the mapping and characterization of RNA elements recognized by a large collection of human RBPs in K562 and HepG2 cells. These data expand the catalog of functional elements encoded in the human genome by addition of a large set of elements that function at the RNA level through interaction with RBPs.Highlights223 eCLIP datasets for 150 RBPs reveal a wide variety ofin vivoRNA target classes.472 knockdown/RNA-seq profiles of 263 RBPs reveal factor-responsive targets and integration with eCLIP indicates RNA expression and splicing regulatory patterns.78 RNA Bind-N-Seq profiles ofin vitrobinding motifs reveal links betweenin vitroandin vivobinding and indicate that eCLIP peaks that containin vitromotifs are more strongly associated with regulation.274 maps of RBP subcellular localization by immunofluorescence indicate widespread organelle-specific RNA processing regulation.63 ChIP-seq profiles of DNA association suggest broad interconnectivity between chromatin association and RNA processing.
Addiction beyond pharmacological effects: the role of environment complexity and bounded rationality
Authors: Ognibene Dimitri , Fiore Vincenzo G. , Gu Xiaosi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSeveral decision-making vulnerabilities have been identified as underlying causes for addictive behaviours, or the repeated execution of stereotyped actions despite their adverse consequences. These vulnerabilities are mostly associated with brain alterations caused by the consumption of substances of abuse. However, addiction can also happen in the absence of a pharmacological component, such as seen in pathological gambling and videogaming. We use a new reinforcement learning model to highlight a previously neglected vulnerability that we suggest interacts with those already identified, whilst playing a prominent role in non-pharmacological forms of addiction. Specifically, we show that a duallearning system (i.e. combining model-based and model-free) can be vulnerable to highly rewarding, but suboptimal actions, that are followed by a complex ramification of stochastic adverse effects. This phenomenon is caused by the overload of the capabilities of an agent, as time and cognitive resources required for exploration, deliberation, situation recognition, and habit formation, all increase as a function of the depth and richness of detail of an environment. Furthermore, the cognitive overload can be aggravated due to alterations (e.g. caused by stress) in the bounded rationality, i.e. the limited amount of resources available for the model-based component, in turn increasing the agent’s chances to develop or maintain addictive behaviours. Our study demonstrates that, independent of drug consumption, addictive behaviours can arise in the interaction between the environmental complexity and the biologically finite resources available to explore and represent it.
Non-contact measurement of emotional and physiological changes in heart rate from a webcam
Authors: Madan Christopher R. , Harrison Tyler , Mathewson Kyle E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHeart rate, measured in beats per minute (BPM), can be used as an index of an individual’s physiological state. Each time the heart beats, blood is expelled and travels through the body. This blood flow can be detected in the face using a standard webcam that is able to pick up subtle changes in color that cannot be seen by the naked eye. Due to the light absorption spectrum of blood, we are able to detect differences in the amount of light absorbed by the blood traveling just below the skin (i.e., photoplethysmography). By modulating emotional and physiological stress—i.e., viewing arousing images and sitting vs. standing, respectively—to elicit changes in heart rate, we explored the feasibility of using a webcam as a psychophysiological measurement of autonomic activity. We found a high level of agreement between established physiological measures, electrocardiogram (ECG), and blood pulse oximetry, and heart rate estimates obtained from the webcam. We thus suggest webcams can be used as a non-invasive and readily available method for measuring psychophysiological changes, easily integrated into existing stimulus presentation software and hardware setups.
Rethinking mortality rates in men and women: do men age faster?
Authors: Lenart Peter , Kuruczova Daniela , Joshi Peter K. , Bienertová-Vašků Julie 
Published: August 2017

Abstract:Women on average live longer than men, which seems to suggest that women also age slower than men. However, the potential difference in the pace of aging between the sexes is a relatively controversial topic, and both positions, i.e. “men age faster” and “men and women age at the same pace”, have found some support. We therefore employ parametric models previously established in model organisms as well as two nonparametric approaches to compare the pace of aging between the sexes using freely available mortality data from 13 developed countries. Our results support the hypothesis that men age faster than women while also suggesting that the difference is small and that from a practical standpoint male mortality rates behave similarly to the mortality rates of women approximately eight years their senior.
The use of hyperimmune chicken reference sera is not appropriate for the validation of influenza pseudotype neutralization assays
Authors: Ferrara Francesca , Molesti Eleonora , Scott Simon , Cattoli Giovanni , Temperton Nigel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPseudotype particle neutralization (pp-NT) is a next-generation serological assay employed for the sensitive study of influenza antibody responses, especially haemagglutinin stalk-directed antibodies. However, to date a validation of this assay has not been performed, and this limits its use to primarily research laboratories. To identify possible serological standards to be used in optimization and validation of the pp-NT, we have evaluated the cross-reactivity of hyperimmune chicken reference antisera in this assay. Our findings show that the cross-reactivity detected by the pp-NT assay is only in part explained by phylogenetic relationships and protein homology between the HA subtypes analysed; further studies are necessary to understand the origin of the cross-reactivity detected, and reference standards with higher specificity should be evaluated or generatedde novofor future use in pp-NT.
Physical, emotional, and social illness
Authors: Larsson Anna 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine ideas and notions in the founding and development of the area of mental health services in school in Sweden, with special focus on school psychology and school social work.

Design/methodology/approach
From a history of thought perspective, this paper investigates public Swedish school-related documents from the early 1900s up until the 1980s in order to reveal the influential ideas about school health care, children’s needs, and professionals’ responsibilities. These ideas are linked to the twentieth century development of the behavioural sciences, the school system, and the welfare state in Sweden.

Findings
Two main turning points are identified. The first occurred in the 1940s when psychologists and social workers were invited to become part of schools as experts on children’s mental health care, implying that mental health issues had become included in the school’s responsibility. The second turning point came in the 1970s when the tasks and the ideational context for the mental health experts changed dramatically. The first turning point challenged the dominant explanation model, a model that relied on scientific references to medicine, and eventually led to an acceptance of psychology instead as dominant provider of explanatory models. The second turning point affected the tension between child and system, and implied a subordination of the needs of the system for the benefit of the needs of the child.

Originality/value
This paper highlights how views on children’s needs and on the responsibilities of school and its professionals have been constructed and conceptualised differently over time and how those views are connected to changes in science, school, and society.
Historicizing health and education
Authors: Milewski Patrice 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the historical roots of the modern relationship between health and education. The author draws on the work of Michel Foucault and Georges Canguilhem to make the case that the transformation of medical knowledge in the early nineteenth century created new ways knowing that was the foundation of a modern relationship between health and education.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the archives of ophthalmology, the author demonstrates how new medical knowledge and scientific methods were the basis of investigations of the eyesight of school children in the early nineteenth century. These investigations reflected the nineteenth century scientific ethos that placed a premium on techniques such as counting, measuring, statistical reasoning, and empirical observation to form the grounds of legitimacy of an autonomous “objective” knowledge. The modern relationship between health and education was an instance of a generalized medico-scientific interest in the health of populations that utilized the methods of empirical positivist science whose speculative interest was aimed at defining the normal.

Findings
Scientific investigations of the eyesight of school children in the early nineteenth century contributed to the formation of an anatomo-politics of the body and a biopolitics of population through a “medical mathematics” that defined a relation between eyesight, health and education.

Originality/value
This study illustrates how sources such as the archives of ophthalmology can broaden and deepen our understanding of the relation between health and education.
Sustaining performance under operational turbulence
Authors: Birkie Seyoum Eshetu , Trucco Paolo , Kaulio Matti 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Many studies have found that Lean practices provide better performance in a stable business environment. However, there is limited information on how Lean practices influence performance gains (defined in this paper as improvement and sustenance of performance) in an uncertain (complex and dynamic) environment. This study aims to investigate how the implementation of Lean helps to sustain performance in such context.

Design/methodology/approach
The study draws on an in-depth investigation of two capital goods manufacturing engineer-to-order (ETO) cases, in which performance sustenance is discussed in relation to the extent, locus and extensiveness of implemented Lean practice bundles.

Findings
Findings indicate that a higher extent of Lean practices’ implementation, covering both shop floor and transactional processes, increases the possibility of performance sustenance in ETO. Furthermore, a coherent approach in the pre-, during- and post-implementation phases of the Lean change process is required to foster performance sustenance. Lean practices in ETO are modified to suit context change from repetitive manufacturing.

Research limitations/implications
This study proposes performance sustenance as a performance measure in a highly uncertain context, such as ETO, as a single reference cannot effectively measure performance improvements over diverse orders. From this perspective, appropriate Lean implementation contributes towards building capabilities for flexibly and proactively managing uncertain circumstances.

Practical implication
Even companies operating in highly uncertain (complex and dynamic) contexts may benefit from significant performance gains, thanks to the Lean implementation. This can be achieved by a balanced implementation of practices at shop floor and transactional processes, and their mindful customisations.

Originality/value
The study compares Lean implementation in ETO with that of high-volume–low-variety systems established in the literature. It qualitatively discusses how Lean implementation as an overarching effort both in shop floor and transactional processes leads to better sustenance of achieved performance improvements in shop floor under high uncertainty.
Corporate governance strength and stock market liquidity in Malaysia
Authors: Amer Al-Jaifi Hamdan , Hussein Al-rassas Ahmed , Ali AL-Qadasi Adel 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of corporate governance strength on stock market liquidity in an emerging country, namely, Malaysia, by constructing a corporate governance score that captures both internal monitoring mechanisms (board of directors’ characteristics, audit committee’s characteristics and internal audit function) and external monitoring mechanism (audit quality).

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses a sample of 2,020 yearly firm observations in Bursa Malaysia over the period 2009-2012. The ordinary least square regression and several estimation methods such as two-stage least squares using instrumental variables (IV-2SLS) and dynamic GMM are employed.

Findings
This study finds a significant positive association between corporate governance effectiveness and stock market liquidity. The finding is robust to alternative liquidity measurements, to alternative estimation methods, and to endogeneity bias.

Research limitations/implications
This result implies that the firms with effective monitoring mechanisms mitigate information asymmetry which leads to less adverse selection problems among traders.

Practical implications
This study provides implications for regulators to help design regulations that enhance stock market liquidity. This study could also help investors and traders to formulate their trading decisions, and enables firms to know the importance of strengthening the corporate governance monitoring mechanisms.

Originality/value
This study constructs a corporate governance effectiveness measure by combining both internal and external monitoring mechanisms. These mechanisms have not been constructed together in one score in the corporate governance literature and the impact of internal audit function, as an internal monitoring mechanism on liquidity, has yet to be examined.
Factorial structure for Six Sigma project barriers in Indian manufacturing and service industries
Authors: Ambekar Suhas , Hudnurkar Manoj 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the latent constructs of various barriers affecting Six Sigma implementation in Indian industries.

Design/methodology/approach
Literature review resulted in 15 frequently reported barriers in Six Sigma implementation. An empirical survey of 168 Six Sigma practitioners including green belts, black belts (BB), and master BB from 40 Indian companies was conducted with the help of a structured questionnaire. The responses were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis which resulted into five constructs.

Findings
The study proposes five constructs, namely “role of top management,” “cultural change,” “expected attitude,” “availability of resources,” and “level of quality maturity.” The focused approach by organizations to overcome barriers in Six Sigma can be oriented using these constructs.

Practical implications
Six Sigma implementation needs elimination of barriers in projects. Top management support in planning and resource allocation supplemented by favorable employee attitude in bringing cultural change can develop quality maturity to implement Six Sigma successfully.

Originality/value
This study fills the gap in the literature by studying critical success factors, critical failure factors, and barriers together. This study is one of its kinds in the Indian context which captures the views of Six Sigma certified professionals from the organizations which are implementing Six Sigma.
Methotrexate, but not narrowband ultraviolet B radiation, suppresses interleukin‐33 mRNA levels in psoriatic plaques and protein levels in serum of patients with psoriasis
Authors: Meephansan Jitlada , Subpayasarn Urairack , Ponnikorn Saranyoo , Chakkavittumrong Panlop , Juntongjin Premjit , Komine Mayumi , Ohtsuki Mamitaro , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐33 can function both as a conventional cytokine and as a nuclear factor regulating gene transcription. IL‐33 expression is strongly upregulated in the nucleus of keratinocytes and serum of patients with psoriasis. However, the role of IL‐33 in psoriasis is unclear, and IL‐33 expression in the lesional psoriatic skin after conventional systemic treatments has not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to compare IL‐33 mRNA in patients’ lesional skin samples and IL‐33 protein expression in patients’ serum before and after treatment with methotrexate (MTX) and narrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB). IL‐33 mRNA levels in lesional skin and IL‐33 protein levels in serum were downregulated after treatment with MTX. Results revealed a significant decrease in IL‐33 protein expression (P = 0.028). IL‐33 expression increased after NB‐UVB treatment. IL‐33 production is associated with inflammatory skin in psoriasis, possibly through its cytokine function. However, high expression of IL‐33 after NB‐UVB treatment suggests the occurrence of unknown functions to alleviate psoriatic lesions without IL‐33 involvement.