bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The study of terrorist leadership: where do we go from here?
Authors: Hofmann David C. 
Published: July 2017

PurposeDespite the recognition of the importance of leaders for the formation and ongoing success of social and political movements, the study of leadership in terrorist groups remains underdeveloped. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to stimulate additional research into terrorist leadership in three main ways: by providing a broad overview of the theoretical perspectives that scholars have used to examine terrorist leadership, by critically reviewing the current state of the academic literature on terrorist leadership, and by presenting various ways in which future research on terrorist leadership can be improved.Design/methodology/approachThis paper takes a conceptual and critical approach to reviewing the scholarly literature on terrorist leadership, and draws upon the author’s expertise with the wider multidisciplinary literature on leadership to make methodological and conceptual recommendations to improve related future research.FindingsThere is a paucity of empirical and theoretical research devoted to understanding important social and strategic aspects of terrorist leadership, and existing scholarly research is largely conducted in isolation with differing methodological and epistemological starting points. This has hampered efforts to measure, operationalize, and understand key concepts involving leadership in terrorist groups.Practical implicationsThis paper provides several methodological and conceptual recommendations by which future research on terrorist leadership can be improved from insights taken from the wider scholarly literature on leadership. By virtue of being published in a criminology journal, this paper helps disseminate and expose key concepts in the study of terrorism to related disciplines.Originality/valueThis paper provides a general overview of the strengths and weaknesses of the study of terrorist leadership to scholars and students interested in the topic. It provides a foundational discussion of how the current literature on terrorist conceives of and utilizes the concept of leadership. It also provides methodological and conceptual recommendations to improve future research on terrorist leadership.
The impact of leadership development on GP mental health commissioning
Authors: Dickerson Emma , Fenge Lee-Ann , Rosenorn-Lanng Emily 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the learning needs of general practitioners (GPs) involved in commissioning mental health provision in England, and offer an evaluation of a leadership and commissioning skills development programme for Mental Health Commissioners.

Design/methodology/approach
Retrospective mixed method, including online mixed method survey, rating participants’ knowledge, skills, abilities, semi-structured telephone interviews and third-party questionnaires were used. Results were analysed for significant differences using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test. Open-ended responses and interview transcripts were analysed thematically.

Findings
Indicative results showed that participants perceived significant impacts in ability across eight key question groups evaluated. Differences were found between the perceived and observed impact in relation to technical areas covered within the programme which were perceived as the highest scoring impacts by participants.

Research limitations/implications
The indicative results show a positive impact on practice has been both perceived and observed. Findings illustrate the value of this development programme on both the personal development of GP Mental Health Commissioners and commissioning practice. Although the findings of this evaluation increase understanding in relation to an important and topical area, larger scale, prospective evaluations are required. Impact evaluations could be embedded within future programmes to encourage higher participant and third-party engagement. Future evaluations would benefit from collection and analysis of attendance data. Further research could involve patient, service user and carer perspectives on mental health commissioning.

Originality value
Results of this evaluation could inform the development of future learning programmes for mental health commissioners as part of a national approach to improve mental health provision.
Development and preparation of oxide mixture-based pigments for anticorrosion paints
Authors: Benda Petr , Kalendová Andréa 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The aim of the work is to develop an anticorrosion pigment based on an oxide mixture with lamellar particles. The pigments are prepared from lamellar zinc, zinc oxide and magnetite by calcination. An alkaline earth carbonate is added when embedding a third cation in the lattice of the ferrite that forms the envelope of the lamellar zinc. The properties of the pigments are tested both in the powdered state and when embedded in an epoxy-ester system using different pigment volume concentrations (PVC).

Design/methodology/approach
The properties of paints containing synthesised oxide mixture-based pigments at various volume concentrations and with the Q factor – Q = PVC/CPVC = 0.65 – were examined (where CPVC is critical pigment volume concentration). A series of isometric ferrite pigments were also synthesised for a comparison. Paints of both types with PVC = 10, 15 and 20 per cent were formulated. Steel panels coated with the paints were subjected to corrosion and mechanical tests.

Findings
The oxide mixtures with lamellar particles were subjected to particle size analysis and found to make up a broad distribution curve. Electron microscopy photographs confirmed that the oxide mixture pigments contained lamellar particles with a surface layer. A high anticorrosion effect was achieved owing to the combination of different oxide types.

Research limitations/implications
The properties of the oxide mixtures with lamellar particles are described. Their particle distribution curves can be obtained by particle size analysis methods with a view to obtaining additional information on the status and properties of the pigment particles that may be useful in the development of better paints/coating materials.

Practical implications
Oxide mixtures with lamellar particles can be used in paints protecting construction steel.

Originality/value
The composition of the prepared oxide mixture-based pigments is novel. Each oxide acts by its own anticorrosion mechanism and the final beneficial effect is due to their concerted action.
Facile photoluminescent spheres: methodology, structure and properties
Authors: Zhu R.D. , Wang Y.H. , Wang N.G. , Zhang L.N. , Lu A. , Wang M.J. , Liu X. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to introduce a novel approach to the fabrication of photoluminescent materials by coating rare earth aluminate luminescent materials on metallic substrates and a readily manufacturable light source with robust structure in the form of photoluminescent sphere (APS).

Design/methodology/approach
The clean and dried stainless steel sphere was sprayed with UH 2593, a white undercoat, the luminescent coating and the weather resistance coating in chronological order.

Findings
After adhered onto the stainless steel sphere, the peaks corresponding to the N-H stretching vibrations were changed. The intensity of free N-H stretching at 3,536 cm−1 dramatically decreased and the peak of hydrogen-bonded N-H stretching of PU moved to lower wavenumbers. The red shift of the infrared bands of functional groups was attributed to the strengthened hydrogen bonding. The hydrogen bonding interactions between the stainless steel substrates and the polyurethane coating endowed the APS with excellent adhesive property and also promoted the evenly distribution of the photoluminescent particles in the polymer coating matrix.

Practical implications
This approach can be applicable in the fabrication of the photoluminescent materials. The APS can be used as signs and guiding post in remote areas without sufficient electricity supply and in the seas and rivers with complicated hydrological conditions.

Originality/value
This approach has provided a method to produce tough and durable luminescent signs for remote areas and dangerous seas and explained the functional mechanism of the combined application of metallic materials and non-metallic materials.
Fire influences the structure of plant–bee networks
Authors: Peralta Guadalupe , Stevani Erica L. , Chacoff Natacha P. , Dorado Jimena , Vázquez Diego P. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Fire represents a frequent disturbance in many ecosystems, which can affect plant–pollinator assemblages and hence the services they provide. Furthermore, fire events could affect the architecture of plant–pollinator interaction networks, modifying the structure and function of communities.

Some pollinators, such as wood‐nesting bees, may be particularly affected by fire events due to damage to the nesting material and its long regeneration time. However, it remains unclear whether fire influences the structure of bee–plant interactions.

Here, we used quantitative plant–wood‐nesting bee interaction networks sampled across four different post‐fire age categories (from freshly‐burnt to unburnt sites) in an arid ecosystem to test whether the abundance of wood‐nesting bees, the breadth of resource use and the plant–bee community structure change along a post‐fire age gradient.

We demonstrate that freshly‐burnt sites present higher abundances of generalist than specialist wood‐nesting bees and that this translates into lower network modularity than that of sites with greater post‐fire ages. Bees do not seem to change their feeding behaviour across the post‐fire age gradient despite changes in floral resource availability.

Despite the effects of fire on plant–bee interaction network structure, these mutualistic networks seem to be able to recover a few years after the fire event. This result suggests that these interactions might be highly resilient to this type of disturbance.
Designed habitat heterogeneity on green roofs increases seedling survival but not plant species diversity
Authors: Walker Emily A. , Lundholm Jeremy T. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Urban areas benefit from the ecosystem services provided by low input green roofs. However, limited substrate depth on these green roofs creates challenging conditions for plant establishment and survival, leading to industry reliance on non‐native succulents.

Through a green roof and glasshouse study, we assessed the impact of simple design modifications to the green roof surface, including redistribution of substrate and addition of logs and pebble piles, on both substrate temperature and moisture content. We added seeds of 26 native species and quantified seedling density, species richness and composition over a single growing season. Overall effects of microsite heterogeneity on species diversity were assessed using species accumulation curves.

The modifications altered substrate temperature and moisture. Deep substrate (10–12 cm) and the presence of surface features reduced the temperature by 14.6°C and, while surface features had mixed effects on substrate moisture on the green roof, pebble piles slowed moisture loss during a 6‐week drought in the glasshouse.

Following drought conditions, seedling density and species richness were greatest, relative to seeded controls, where substrate was deep on the green roof and where pebbles were present in glasshouse modules, despite high mortality overall. Design modifications did not result in differentiation of seedling communities among different microsite types. Species accumulation curves showed no difference in species richness between aggregates of modified vs. unaltered microsites.

Synthesis and applications. Redistribution of green roof substrate and the addition of logs and pebble piles altered microsite conditions and created habitat heterogeneity on a green roof. These design modifications represent a minimalist strategy to ameliorate growing conditions, improve seedling survival and decrease species loss on shallow substrate green roofs.
(Pro)renin receptor activation increases profibrotic markers and fibroblast‐like phenotype through MAPK‐dependent ROS formation in mouse renal collecting duct cells
Authors: Gonzalez Alexis A , Zamora Leonardo , Reyes‐Martinez Cristian , Salinas‐Parra Nicolas , Roldan Nicole , Cuevas Catherina A , Figueroa Stefanny , Gonzalez‐Vergara Alex , Prieto Minolfa C 
Published: July 2017

SummaryRecent studies suggested that activation of the PRR upregulates profibrotic markers through reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation; however, the exact mechanisms have not been investigated in CD cells. We hypothesized that activation of the PRR increases the expression of profibrotic markers through MAPK‐dependent ROS formation in CD cells. Mouse renal CD cell line (M‐1) was treated with recombinant prorenin plus ROS or MAPK inhibitors and PRR‐shRNA to evaluate their effect on the expression of profibrotic markers. PRR immunostaining revealed plasma membrane and intracellular localization. Recombinant prorenin increases ROS formation (6.0 ± 0.5 vs 3.9 ± 0.1 nmol/L DCF/μg total protein, P < .05) and expression of profibrotic markers CTGF (149 ± 12%, P < .05), α‐SMA (160 ± 20%, P < .05), and PAI‐I (153 ± 13%, P < .05) at 10−8 mol/L. Recombinant prorenin‐induced phospho ERK 1/2 (p44 and p42) at 10−8 and 10−6 mol/L after 20 minutes. Prorenin‐dependent ROS formation and augmentation of profibrotic factors were blunted by ROS scavengers (trolox, p‐coumaric acid, ascorbic acid), the MEK inhibitor PD98059 and PRR transfections with PRR‐shRNA. No effects were observed in the presence of antioxidants alone. Prorenin‐induced upregulation of collagen I and fibronectin was blunted by ROS scavenging or MEK inhibition independently. PRR‐shRNA partially prevented this induction. After 24 hours prorenin treatment M‐1 cells undergo to epithelial–mesenchymal transition phenotype, however MEK inhibitor PD98059 and PRR knockdown prevented this effect. These results suggest that PRR might have a significant role in tubular damage during conditions of high prorenin‐renin secretion in the CD.
Mapping medical marijuana: state laws regulating patients, product safety, supply chains and dispensaries, 2017
Authors: Klieger Sarah B. , Gutman Abraham , Allen Leslie , Pacula Rosalie Liccardo , Ibrahim Jennifer K. , Burris Scott 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAims(1) To describe open source legal data sets, created for research use, that capture the key provisions of US state medical marijuana laws. The data document how state lawmakers have regulated a medicine that remains, under federal law, a Schedule I illegal drug with no legitimate medical use. (2) To demonstrate the variability that exists across states in rules governing patient access, product safety and dispensary practice.MethodsTwo legal researchers collected and coded state laws governing marijuana patients, product safety and dispensaries in effect on 1 February 2017, creating three empirical legal data sets. We used summary tables to identify the variation in specific statutory provisions specified in each state's medical marijuana law as it existed on 1 February 2017. We compared aspects of these laws to the traditional Federal approach to regulating medicine. Full data sets, codebooks and protocols are available through the Prescription Drug Abuse Policy System (http://www.pdaps.org/; Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/6qv5CZNaZ on 2 June 2017).ResultsTwenty‐eight states (including the District of Columbia) have authorized medical marijuana. Twenty‐seven specify qualifying diseases, which differ across states. All states protect patient privacy; only 14 protect patients against discrimination. Eighteen states have mandatory product safety testing before any sale. While the majority have package/label regulations, states have a wide range of specific requirements. Most regulate dispensaries (25 states), with considerable variation in specific provisions such as permitted product supply sources number of dispensaries per state and restricting proximity to various types of location.ConclusionsThe federal ban in the United States on marijuana has resulted in a patchwork of regulatory strategies that are not uniformly consistent with the approach usually taken by the Federal government and whose effectiveness remains unknown.
Is a large family a protective factor against behavioural and emotional problems at the age of 8 years?
Authors: Taanila A , Ebeling H , Kotimaa A , Moilanen I , Järvelin M-R 
Published: July 2017

Aim: To study the prevalence of behavioural and emotional problems among children from different family types, sibship size and birth order. Methods: A prospective birth cohort (n = 9357) study where parents filled in two questionnaires and teachers assessed children's behaviour using the Rutter scale (RB2). Results: 14.3% scored above the cut‐off point (RB2 ≥ 9) indicating probable psychiatric disturbance, boys more often than girls (OR 2.6, 95% CI 2.3–3.0). Behavioural problems (9.2%) were more common than emotional ones (4.1%). Boys living in families other than two‐parent families were at risk for probable psychiatric disturbance, and a corresponding risk was observed for girls living in single‐parent or always one‐parent families. Other than two‐parent family was also a risk for behavioural problems; for boys adjusted odds ratios ranged significantly from 1.8 to 2.4 and for girls from 2.0 to 3.7. “Only children” had the highest prevalence of behavioural problems, while children in very large families had the lowest. Living in a very large family was a protective factor against behavioural problems among boys but not among girls. Eldest children were at lower risk of behavioural problems than the other children. The single‐parent and always one‐parent family was associated with higher risk of emotional problems among girls.Conclusion: Children's psychiatric problems are manifested at school mostly as behavioural problems. A two‐parent family and being the oldest in the sibling series seem to be protective factors. Very large family size, if not connected to social disadvantages, does not seem to be a risk factor for children's behaviour.
3 Inclusive Communities In The Titicaca Basin During The Early Horizon
Authors: Juengst Sara L. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT“Community” is an important analytical lens for investigating the emergence of social hierarchy and shared religious tradition. Burials from the Titicaca Basin of Peru and Bolivia dating to the Early Horizon (800 B.C.E.–C.E. 200) provide an opportunity to investigate how socio‐economic changes may have impacted and been structured by existing community structures. Specifically, I use biodistance and strontium isotope analyses to identify kinship and migrant relationships for individuals buried at temple and non‐temple sites on the Copacabana Peninsula. I find that despite an emerging ritual tradition and change in subsistence strategy, individuals were likely not creating social hierarchies, but instead, structuring communities around ancestry and extended kin networks.
5 Defining Community in the Upper Belize River Valley during the Late Classic Period: A Micro‐regional Bioarchaeological Approach
Authors: Novotny Anna C. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTFor the ancient Maya, mortuary practices offer crucial insight into how communities created and reproduced themselves. For example, most individuals local to the Belize River Valley are interred in a prone position, with head to the south. My research questions whether other rituals involving the deceased body, including body positioning and interaction with human remains through tomb re‐entry (i.e., skull removal, interment of multiple individuals in one grave), could indicate affiliation to local or imagined communities. Comparing two Belize River Valley sites, Chan and Zubin, I found similar types of interaction that may indicate participation in a regional imagined community.
Population pharmacokinetics and electrocardiographic effects of dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine in healthy volunteers
Authors: Chotsiri Palang , Wattanakul Thanaporn , Hoglund Richard M. , Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , Pukrittayakamee Sasithon , Blessborn Daniel , Jittamala Podjanee , White Nicholas J. , Day Nicholas P.J. , Tarning Joel 
Published: July 2017

AimsThe aims of the present study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and piperaquine, potential drug–drug interactions with concomitant primaquine treatment, and piperaquine effects on the electrocardiogram in healthy volunteers.MethodsThe population pharmacokinetic properties of DHA and piperaquine were assessed in 16 healthy Thai adults using an open‐label, randomized, crossover study. Drug concentration–time data and electrocardiographic measurements were evaluated with nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling.ResultsThe developed models described DHA and piperaquine population pharmacokinetics accurately. Concomitant treatment with primaquine did not affect the pharmacokinetic properties of DHA or piperaquine. A linear pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model described satisfactorily the relationship between the individually corrected QT intervals and piperaquine concentrations; the population mean QT interval increased by 4.17 ms per 100 ng ml–1 increase in piperaquine plasma concentration. Simulations from the final model showed that monthly and bimonthly mass drug administration in healthy subjects would result in median maximum QT interval prolongations of 18.9 ms and 16.8 ms, respectively, and would be very unlikely to result in prolongation of more than 50 ms. A single low dose of primaquine can be added safely to the existing DHA–piperaquine treatment in areas of multiresistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria.ConclusionsPharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modelling and simulation in healthy adult volunteers suggested that therapeutic doses of DHA–piperaquine in the prevention or treatment of P. falciparum malaria are unlikely to be associated with dangerous QT prolongation.
Matrin3 binds directly to intronic pyrimidine‐rich sequences and controls alternative splicing
Authors: Uemura Yuri , Oshima Takuya , Yamamoto Munetaka , Reyes Charles Jourdan , Costa Cruz Pedro Henrique , Shibuya Toshiharu , Kawahara Yukio 
Published: July 2017

Matrin3 is an RNA‐binding protein that is localized in the nuclear matrix. Although various roles in RNA metabolism have been reported for Matrin3, in vivo target RNAs to which Matrin3 binds directly have not been investigated comprehensively so far. Here, we show that Matrin3 binds predominantly to intronic regions of pre‐mRNAs. Photoactivatable Ribonucleoside‐Enhanced Cross‐linking and Immunoprecipitation (PAR‐CLIP) analysis using human neuronal cells showed that Matrin3 recognized pyrimidine‐rich sequences as binding motifs, including the polypyrimidine tract, a splicing regulatory element. Splicing‐sensitive microarray analysis showed that depletion of Matrin3 preferentially increased the inclusion of cassette exons that were adjacent to introns that contained Matrin3‐binding sites. We further found that although most of the genes targeted by polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) were also bound by Matrin3, Matrin3 could control alternative splicing in a PTBP1‐independent manner, at least in part. These findings suggest that Matrin3 is a splicing regulator that targets intronic pyrimidine‐rich sequences.