bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons Learned from the Three-view Determination of CME Mass
Authors: de Koning Curt A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
With only single-viewpoint, total-brightness images, it is not possible to calculate the true mass of a coronal mass ejection (CME) because total-brightness images do not contain any depth information. If two viewpoints are available, it has been suggested that total-brightness images might be used to simultaneously derive the CME deprojected mass and propagation direction. Exploiting all available data provided by SOHO, STEREO-A, and STEREO-B supplies three combinations of spacecraft pairs for double-viewpoint analysis. We show that, if only aleatory variation is reckoned, then the CME deprojected mass can vary by as much as 100% between different pairs of spacecraft. Going beyond multiple double-viewpoint analyses, we also utilize these spacecraft to simultaneously estimate the CME deprojected mass and propagation direction with triple-viewpoint analysis. However, once again, if only aleatory variation is reckoned, then, for many events, there is no common mass value estimated by the three viewpoints. This indicates that epistemic uncertainty is significant and must be reckoned also. We consider in detail the mass in the coronagraph field of view, from one, two, and three viewpoints, for the CME observed on 2007 December 31, focusing especially on the approximations used and uncertainties in this process. Altogether, we use triple-viewpoint analysis to estimate the mass of eight CMEs. When simultaneously estimating the CME deprojected mass and propagation direction using total-brightness images, the single degree of freedom provided by a third, independent viewpoint clarifies the calculation of, and reduces ambiguity in, the deprojected mass; however, the deprojected mass should not be confused with the true mass.
An Incipient Debris Disk in the Chamaeleon I Cloud
Authors: Espaillat C. C. , Ribas Á. , McClure M. K. , Hernández J. , Owen J. E. , Avish N. , Calvet N. , Franco-Hernández R. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The point at which a protoplanetary disk becomes a debris disk is difficult to identify. To better understand this, here we study the ∼40 au separation binary T 54 in the Chamaeleon I cloud. We derive a K5 spectral type for T 54 A (which dominates the emission of the system) and an age of ∼2 Myr. However, the dust disk properties of T 54 are consistent with those of debris disks seen around older- and earlier-type stars. At the same time, T 54 has evidence of gas remaining in the disk, as indicated by [Ne ii], [Ne iii], and [O i] line detections. We model the spectral energy distribution of T 54 and estimate that

of small dust grains (<0.25 μm) are present in an optically thin circumbinary disk along with at least

of larger (>10 μm) grains within a circumprimary disk. Assuming a solar-like mixture, we use Ne line luminosities to place a minimum limit on the gas mass of the disk

) and derive a gas-to-dust mass ratio of ∼0.1. We do not detect substantial accretion, but we do see Hα in emission in one epoch, which is suggestive that there may be intermittent dumping of small amounts of matter onto the star. Considering the low dust mass, the presence of gas, and young age of T 54, we conclude that this system is on the bridge between the protoplanetary and debris disk stages.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Mass as the Driver of the Kinematic Morphology–Density Relation in Clusters
Authors: Brough Sarah , van de Sande Jesse , Owers Matt S. , d’Eugenio Francesco , Sharp Rob , Cortese Luca , Scott Nicholas , Croom Scott M. , Bassett Rob , Bekki Kenji , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Bryant Julia J. , Davies Roger , Drinkwater Michael J. , Driver Simon P. , Foster Caroline , Goldstein Gregory , López-Sánchez Á. R. , Medling Anne M. , Sweet Sarah M. , Taranu Dan S. , Tonini Chiara , Yi Sukyoung K. , Goodwin Michael , Lawrence J. S. , Richards Samuel N. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We examine the kinematic morphology of early-type galaxies (ETGs) in eight galaxy clusters in the Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral-field spectrograph Galaxy Survey. The clusters cover a mass range of

and we measure spatially resolved stellar kinematics for 315 member galaxies with stellar masses

within 1 R
200 of the cluster centers. We calculate the spin parameter, λ

R
, and use this to classify the kinematic morphology of the galaxies as fast or slow rotators (SRs). The total fraction of SRs in the ETG population is F
SR = 0.14 ± 0.02 and does not depend on host cluster mass. Across the eight clusters, the fraction of SRs increases with increasing local overdensity. We also find that the slow-rotator fraction increases at small clustercentric radii (R
cl < 0.3 R
200), and note that there is also an increase in the slow-rotator fraction at R
cl ∼ 0.6 R
200. The SRs at these larger radii reside in the cluster substructure. We find that the strongest increase in the slow-rotator fraction occurs with increasing stellar mass. After accounting for the strong correlation with stellar mass, we find no significant relationship between spin parameter and local overdensity in the cluster environment. We conclude that the primary driver for the kinematic morphology–density relationship in galaxy clusters is the changing distribution of galaxy stellar mass with the local environment. The presence of SRs in the substructure suggests that the cluster kinematic morphology–density relationship is a result of mass segregation of slow-rotating galaxies forming in groups that later merge with clusters and sink to the cluster center via dynamical friction.
Constraints on a Proton Synchrotron Origin of VHE Gamma Rays from the Extended Jet of AP Librae
Authors: Basumallick Partha Pratim , Gupta Nayantara 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The multiwavelength photon spectrum from the BL Lac object AP Librae extends from radio to TeV gamma rays. The X-ray to very high-energy gamma-ray emission from the extended jet of this source has been modeled with inverse Compton (IC) scattering of relativistic electrons off the cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons. The IC/CMB model requires the kpc-scale extended jet to be highly collimated with a bulk Lorentz factor close to 10. Here we discuss the possibility of a proton synchrotron origin of X-rays and gamma rays from the extended jet with a bulk Lorentz factor of 3. This scenario requires an extreme proton energy of 3.98 × 1021 eV and a high magnetic field of 1 mG of the extended jet with jet power ∼5 × 1048 erg s−1 in particles and the magnetic field (which is more than 100 times the Eddington luminosity of AP Librae) to explain the very high-energy gamma-ray emission. Moreover, we have shown that X-ray emission from the extended jets of 3C 273 and PKS 0637-752 could be possible by proton synchrotron emission with jet power comparable to the Eddington luminosities.
Expanding and Contracting Coronal Loops as Evidence of Vortex Flows Induced by Solar Eruptions
Authors: Dudík J. , Zuccarello F. P. , Aulanier G. , Schmieder B. , Démoulin P. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Eruptive solar flares were predicted to generate large-scale vortex flows at both sides of the erupting magnetic flux rope. This process is analogous to a well-known hydrodynamic process creating vortex rings. The vortices lead to advection of closed coronal loops located at the peripheries of the flaring active region. Outward flows are expected in the upper part and returning flows in the lower part of the vortex. Here, we examine two eruptive solar flares, the X1.1-class flare SOL2012-03-05T03:20 and the C3.5-class SOL2013-06-19T07:29. In both flares, we find that the coronal loops observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly in its 171 Å, 193 Å, or 211 Å passbands show coexistence of expanding and contracting motions, in accordance with the model prediction. In the X-class flare, multiple expanding and contracting loops coexist for more than 35 minutes, while in the C-class flare, an expanding loop in 193 Å appears to be close by and cotemporal with an apparently imploding loop arcade seen in 171 Å. Later, the 193 Å loop also switches to contraction. These observations are naturally explained by vortex flows present in a model of eruptive solar flares.
The Optical Counterpart to the Accreting Millisecond X-Ray Pulsar SAX J1748.9-2021 in the Globular Cluster NGC 6440*
Authors: Cadelano M. , Pallanca C. , Ferraro F. R. , Dalessandro E. , Lanzoni B. , Patruno A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We used a combination of deep optical and

images of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 6440, acquired with the Hubble Space Telescope, to identify the optical counterpart to the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1748.9-2021 during quiescence. A strong

emission has been detected from a main-sequence star (hereafter COM-SAX J1748.9-2021) located at only 0.″15 from the nominal position of the X-ray source. The position of the star also agrees with the optical counterpart found by Verbunt et al. during an outburst. We propose this star as the most likely optical counterpart to the binary system. By direct comparison with isochrones, we estimated that COM-SAX J1748.9-2021 has a mass of

, a radius of

, and a superficial temperature of 5250 ± 80 K. These parameters, combined with the orbital characteristics of the binary, suggest that the system is observed at a very low inclination angle (

) and that the star is filling or even overflowing its Roche lobe. This, together with the EW of the

emission (∼20 Å), suggests possible ongoing mass transfer. The possible presence of such an ongoing mass transfer during a quiescence state also suggests that the radio pulsar is not active yet and thus this system, despite its similarity with the class of redback millisecond pulsars, is not a transitional millisecond pulsar.
J-type Carbon Stars: A Dominant Source of 14N-rich Presolar SiC Grains of Type AB
Authors: Liu Nan , Stephan Thomas , Boehnke Patrick , Nittler Larry R. , Alexander Conel M. O’D. , Wang Jianhua , Davis Andrew M. , Trappitsch Reto , Pellin Michael J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We report Mo isotopic data of 27 new presolar SiC grains, including 12 14N-rich AB (14N/15N > 440, AB2) and 15 mainstream (MS) grains, and their correlated Sr and Ba isotope ratios when available. Direct comparison of the data for the MS grains, which came from low-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars with large s-process isotope enhancements, with the AB2 grain data demonstrates that AB2 grains show near-solar isotopic compositions and lack s-process enhancements. The near-normal Sr, Mo, and Ba isotopic compositions of AB2 grains clearly exclude born-again AGB stars, where the intermediate neutron-capture process (i-process) takes place, as their stellar source. On the other hand, low-mass CO novae and early R- and J-type carbon stars show 13C and 14N excesses but no s-process enhancements and are thus potential stellar sources of AB2 grains. Because both early R-type carbon stars and CO novae are rare objects, the abundant J-type carbon stars (10%–15% of all carbon stars) are thus likely to be a dominant source of AB2 grains.
The Influence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Remnant on Postoperative Clinical Results in Patients with Remnant Preserving Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Andonovski Alan Goce , Topuzovska Sonja , Samardziski Milan , Bozinovski Zoran , Andonovska Biljana , Temelkovski Zlatko 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) remnants have important biomechanical, vascular and proprioceptive function.AIM: To determine the influence of the ACL residual remnants after partial and complete ACL ruptures on postoperative clinical results in patients with remnant preserving ACL reconstruction.PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 66 patients divided into two groups. In patients from the investigation group remnant preserving ACL reconstruction was performed, in patients from the control group single bundle ACL reconstruction was performed. The results were assessed by Rolimeter measurements, Lysholm and Tegner scores and proprioception evaluation.RESULTS: The mean side-to-side difference of anterior tibia displacement (mm) was improved from 4.4 ± 1.06 to 0.4 ± 0.7 in the investigation group, and from 4.6 ± 0.68 to 1.9 ± 0.64 in the control group (p < 0.001). Difference in the angles in which the knee was placed by the device and the patient has improved from 1.5 ± 0.96° to 0.5 ± 0.53° in the investigation group and from 1.8 ± 0.78° to 1.3 ± 0.97° in the control group (p < 0.05). Tegner and Lysholm scores showed no difference between the groups.CONCLUSION: Preservation of the ACL residual bundle provides a better knee stability and proprioceptive function.
Interstitial Granulomatous Dermatitis (IGD)
Authors: Tebeica Tiberiu , Voicu Cristiana , Patterson James W. , Mangarov Hristo , Lotti Torello , Wollina Uwe , Lotti Jacopo , França Katlein , Batashki Atanas , Tchernev Georgi 
Published: July 2017

We report the case of a 42 years old male patient suffering from skin changes , which appeared in the last 7-8 years. Two biopsies were performed during the evolution of the lesion. Both showed similar findings that consisted in a busy dermis with interstitial, superficial and deep infiltrates of lymphocytes and histiocytes dispersed among collagen bundles, with variable numbers of neutrophils scattered throughout. Some histiocytes were clustered in poorly formed granuloma that included rare giant cells, with discrete Palisades and piecemeal collagen degeneration, but without mucin deposition or frank necrobiosis of collagen. The clinical and histologic findings were supportive for interstitial granulomatous dermatitis. Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis (IGD) is a poorly understood entity that was regarded by many as belonging to the same spectrum of disease or even synonym with palisaded and neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis (PNGD). Although IGD and PNGD were usually related to connective tissue disease, mostly rheumatoid arthritis, some patients with typical histologic findings of IGD never develop autoimmune disorders, but they have different underlying conditions, such as metabolic diseases, lymphoproliferative disorders or other malignant tumours. These observations indicate that IGD and PNGD are different disorders with similar manifestations.
Features of atherosclerosis of common carotid arteries among black Kenyans
Authors: Ogeng'o J. , Ongeti K. , Mwachaka P. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Introduction: Data on the features of atherosclerosis of common carotid artery are important for informing strategies against ischaemic stroke in Subsaharan Africa, but are scarce. Materials and Methods: This study therefore investigated, by light microscopy, the presence of features of atherosclerosis in the left common carotid artery among 108 black Kenyans [76 males; 32 females; Mean age 36.4, range 22-82 years] who suffered violent death. Specimens from the distal segment of the artery were prepared for routine paraffin embedding, and 5μ sections stained with Mason's Trichome. Results: At least one feature of atherosclerosis was observed in 22 (20.4%) cases. Intimal hyperplasia alone was present in all the 22 cases followed by Intimal hyperplasia and degeneration ofinternal elastic lamina 19 (17.6%); Intimal hyperplasia combined with disintegration ofinternal elastic lamina and medial degeneration 17 (15.7%). Thickening of tunica adventitia with neovascularization were present in 8 (7.4%) of cases. All the features were more frequent in males than females (1.4:1) and those over 40 years old. Eight of the cases (36.4%) were in individuals aged below 40 years. Conclusion: Multiple features of atherosclerosis in common carotid artery are present in over 20% of the asymptomatic black Kenyans studied. They occur more frequently in males, and affect individuals younger than 40 years. These features appear in all three layers of the vessel wall, suggesting that the disease has attained several stages of severity in this population. We recommend early screening for the disease in individuals at risk.
An extensive study and review of literature about multiple variations of the lumbar plexus
Authors: Nayak S. , Surendran S. , Reghunathan D. , Maloor P. , Shetty P. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Introduction: Lumbar plexus involves the L1 - L5 spinal segments for the formation of the nerves which supply parts of the abdominal wall, pelvis and the upper part of the thigh (both sensory and motor). Our aim in this study was to compile all the rare variations found in a single cadaver, which is of the rarest possible kind. Methods: During the dissection of the abdomen and pelvis in approximately 70 year old cadaver, there were multiple variations observed in the anatomy of the lumbar plexus. The entire region was cleaned for visibility of the variations and all those were clearly documented for compiling purpose. Results: The following variations in the formation of the lumbar and sacral nerves were observed. 1. The genitofemoral nerve bifurcated at a higher level; genital branch of genitofemoral nerve gave branches to the anterior abdominal wall muscles, 2. A communicating branch was given from the lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh to the medial cutaneous nerve of thigh, 3. A muscular branch was given from femoral nerve to psoas major, 4. There was absence of contribution of L4 spinal nerve in the formation of the lumbosacral trunk, and 5. Lumbosacral trunk gave communicating branches to the femoral and obturator nerves. Most of the variations found were rare and finding all the above said variations in a single cadaver is even rare. Conclusion: Knowledge of the normal anatomy and any possible variations would help the clinicians and surgeons dealing with this region and avoid possible complications beforehand.
Anatomy of the dromedary head skeleton revisited
Authors: El Allali K. , Achaâban M. , Ouassat M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Introduction: Dromedary Camel is known for its specific adaptation to the hostile environment of desert areas. Hence, it is a very interesting model to consider for biological and veterinary sciences. A good knowledge of camel head osteology is relevant to overcome the lack of accurate data useful for comparative anatomy, radiology and clinical practice. Methods: The present work studied the osteology of the camel skull at different age and investigates blood vessels and nerves passing through its foramina. Results: The obtained data show similarities with domestic mammals but also several peculiarities. These include particularly; the existence of an extensive temporal fossa; a prominent external sagittal crest in the adults which is replaced by a large parietal planum in the youngest; the supra-orbital foramina give access only to the frontal vein and thus cannot be used for the nerve block and anesthesia of the upper eyelids; supplementary foramens including, a retroarticular, a lateral sphenopalatine, an accessory maxillary and a lacrimal fontanel were described for the first time. Unlike that reported in the literature, the lacerate foramen is covered by a fibro-cartilaginous layer; whereas the carotid foramen is located caudally to the jugular foramen. The hyoid lingual process is lacking while the epihyoideum is well developed. The mandibular symphysis is well extended reaching 13.2 ± 0.8cm. Also, the literature controversy concerning the lower jaw dental formula was discussed and elucidated: I3-C1-PM2-M3. Conclusion: This study provides a deep anatomy description of the camel skull. The presented results are important for comparative anatomy and clinical investigations.
Electrochemical Characterization of Different Variants of a Commercial Trivalent Chromium Process (TCP) Coating on Aluminum Alloy 7075-T6
Authors: Munson Catherine A. , Zutim Paulo , Swain Greg M. 
Published: July 2017

The electrochemical properties (open-circuit potentials, anodic and cathodic polarization curve currents, and polarization resistances) were evaluated for AA7075-T6 alloys coated with three variants of a commercial trivalent chromium process (TCP) pretreatment coating. The coatings were formed on degreased and deoxidized aluminum alloy specimens. Measurements were made in oxygenated 0.5 M Na2SO4 and 3.5% NaCl. Comparison of coatings formed by immersion and spray was undertaken. The three coating variants were 650 chromitAL, versions E, V, and C. Similar concentrations of Cr were in all three coating baths but there were differences in Zr, Zn, S (likely as sulfate), and Fe among the three. TCP coatings formed by immersion exhibited electrochemical properties similar to those formed by spray. Overall, the greatest level of corrosion protection was provided by 650 E based on electrochemical data and results from a 14 d thin-layer mist (3.5% NaCl, 55°C) accelerated degradation test. The coating provides both anodic and cathodic protection in low-chloride electrolytes and functions as more of a cathodic inhibitor in high-chloride electrolytes. Rotating disk voltammetric data revealed the coating inhibits the reduction of dissolved oxygen by providing a diffusional barrier and possibly blocking sites for O2 chemisorption on the cathodically-active intermetallic phases.
Disinformation Society, communication and cosmopolitan democracy
Authors: Marshall Jonathan Paul 
Published: July 2017

This paper argues that ‘fake news’ is endemic to ‘information society’ as a whole, not just the internet or news media. It is part of daily experience, generated by established patterns of communication, social group categorisation, framing, and patterns of power. These disruptions are intensified though interacting with the dynamics of information capitalism, which values strategic effectiveness more than accuracy. Assuming democratic cosmopolitan society must have good communication, this paper explores the factors which produce obstacles to such communicative processes, as the patterns which support bad communication and disinformation must be understood before they can be dealt with.