bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allostatic load, genetic susceptibility, incidence risk, and all-cause mortality of colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhao Jianhui , Xue Erxu , Zhou Siyun , Zhang Meng , Sun Jing , Tan Yuqian , Li Xue 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Allostatic load (AL) reflects the cumulative burden of chronic stress throughout life, potentially influencing the onset and prognosis of cancer. However, the associations between AL, colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, and all-cause mortality in patients with CRC remain unclear.

Methods
We analyzed the associations between AL and CRC risk in 304 959 adults and all-cause mortality in 1794 patients with CRC from the UK Biobank, using Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results
Compared with the AL level in the first quartile, individuals in the second to fourth quartiles had a respective 20%, 29%, and 43% increased risk of CRC; 15%, 24%, and 42% increased risk for colon cancer; and 30%, 38%, and 45% increased risk for rectal cancer. We identified a positive dose-gradient association of AL score with CRC risk, including colon and rectal cancer. Additionally, the association between AL and increased risk of CRC was observed across different strata of genetic susceptibility for CRC. Eliminating AL exposures could prevent nearly 39.24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 36.16 to 42.32) of CRC events. Meanwhile, a statistically association between the AL and all-cause mortality in patients with CRC was found, with a hazard ratio of 1.71 (95% CI = 1.16 to 2.50) for the fourth quartile compared with the AL score in the first quartile, demonstrating a positive dose-response relationship.

Conclusion
High AL was associated with increased CRC risk and all-cause mortality in CRC patients. Future research should prioritize the development of cognitive or behavioral intervention strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of AL on CRC incidence and prognosis.
Histopathological response to chemotherapy and survival of mucinous type gastric cancer
Authors: Caspers Irene A , Slagter Astrid E , Vissers Pauline A J , Lopez-Yurda Martha , Beerepoot Laurens V , Ruurda Jelle P , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A P , Gisbertz Suzanne S , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I , Hartgrink Henk H , Goudkade Danny , Kodach Liudmila L , van Sandick Johanna W , Verheij Marcel , Verhoeven Rob H A , Cats Annemieke , van Grieken Nicole C T 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Data on the clinicopathological characteristics of mucinous gastric cancer (muc-GC) are limited. This study compares the clinical outcome and response to chemotherapy between patients with resectable muc-GC, intestinal (int-GC), and diffuse (dif-GC) gastric cancer.

Methods
Patients from the D1/D2 study or the CRITICS trial were included in exploratory surgery-alone (SAtest) or chemotherapy test (CTtest) cohorts. Real-world data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry on patients treated between with surgery alone (SAvalidation) and receiving preoperative chemotherapy with or without postoperative treatment (CTvalidation) were used for validation. Histopathological subtypes were extracted from pathology reports filed in the Dutch Pathology Registry and correlated with tumor regression grade (TRG) and relative survival (RS).

Results
In the SAtest (n = 549) and SAvalidation (n = 8062) cohorts, muc-GC patients had a 5-year RS of 39% and 31%, similar to or slightly better than dif-GC (43% and 29%, P = .52 and P = .011), but worse than int-GC (55% and 42%, P = .11 and P &lt; .001). In the CTtest (n = 651) and CTvalidation (n = 2889) cohorts, muc-GC showed favorable TRG (38% and 44% (near-) complete response) compared with int-GC (26% and 35%) and dif-GC (10% and 28%, P &lt; .001 and P = .005). The 5-year RS in the CTtest and CTvalidation cohorts for muc-GC (53% and 48%) and int-GC (58% and 59%) was significantly better compared with dif-GC (35% and 38%, P = .004 and P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Recognizing and incorporating muc-GC into treatment decision-making of resectable GC can lead to more personalized and effective approaches, given its favorable response to preoperative chemotherapy in relation to int-GC and dif-GC and its favorable prognostic outcomes in relation to dif-GC.
Mediators of racial and ethnic inequities in clinical trial participation among patients with cancer, 2011-2023
Authors: Guadamuz Jenny S , Wang Xiaoliang , Altomare Ivy , Camelo Castillo Wendy , Sarkar Somnath , Mamtani Ronac , Calip Gregory S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Although racially and ethnically minoritized populations are less likely to participate in cancer trials, it is unknown whether social determinants of health (SDOH) explain these inequities. Here we identify SDOH factors that contribute to racial and ethnic inequities in clinical trial participation among patients with 22 common cancers.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data (2011-2023) linked to neighborhood (US Census tract) data from multiple sources. Patients were followed from diagnosis to clinical study drug receipt (proxy for trial participation), death, or last recorded activity. Associations were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for clinical factors (year of diagnosis, age, sex, performance status, disease stage, cancer type). To elucidate which area-level SDOH underlie racial and ethnic inequities, mediation analysis was performed using nonlinear multiple additive regression tree models.

Results
This study included 250 105 patients (64.7% non-Latinx White, 8.9% non-Latinx Black, 5.2% Latinx). Black and Latinx patients were more likely to live in economically or socially marginalized areas (eg, disproportionately minoritized [measure of segregation], limited English proficiency, low vehicle ownership) than White patients. Black (3.7%; hazard ratio = 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52 to 0.60) and Latinx patients (4.4%; hazard ratio = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.69) were less likely to participate in trials than White patients (6.3%). Fewer patients in economically or socially marginalized neighborhoods participated in trials. Mediators explained 62.2% (95% CI = 49.5% to 74.8%) of participation inequities between Black and White patients; area-level SDOH—including segregation (29.9%, 95% CI = 21.2% to 38.6%) and vehicle ownership (11.6%, 95% CI = 7.0% to 16.1%)—were the most important mediators. Similarly, Latinx-White participation inequities were mediated (65.1%, 95% CI = 49.8% to 80.3%) by area-level SDOH, such as segregation (39.8%, 95% CI = 28.3% to 51.3%), limited English proficiency (11.6%, 95% CI = 2.8% to 20.4%), and vehicle ownership (9.6%, 95% CI = 5.8% to 13.5%).

Conclusions
To improve racial and ethnic diversity in cancer trials, efforts to address barriers related to adverse neighborhood SDOH factors are necessary.
Sevoflurane anesthesia during late gestation induces cognitive disorder in rat offspring via the TLR4/BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway
Authors: Li Qian-Qian , Yu Qi , Liu Zhi-Yi , Zhang Qin , Li Meng-Yuan , Hu Yan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sevoflurane (Sevo) is widely used for general anesthesia during pregnancy. Emerging evidence indicates that maternal Sevo exposure can trigger developmental neurotoxicity in the offspring. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms need further investigation. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats on gestational day 18 were exposed to 3.5% Sevo to induce the rat model of neurotoxicity. TAK-242, a TLR4 inhibitor, was administrated to inhibit the signaling transduction. Hippocampal tissues of rat offspring were harvested for immunohistochemical staining, TUNEL staining, Western blotting, ELISA, and measurement of oxidative stress-related markers. Serum samples were collected to evaluate lipid metabolism-associated factors. Morris water maze was implemented to test the cognitive function of offspring rats. Rat hippocampal neurons were isolated to elucidate the effect of TAK-242 on the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling in vitro. The results showed that maternal Sevo exposure during the third trimester induced neuroinflammation, lipid metabolism disturbance, and oxidative stress, and impaired the spatial learning and memory of rat offspring. Sevo upregulated TLR4 and impeded BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling transduction in the hippocampus of rat offspring; TAK-242 administration reversed these effects. In conclusion, Sevo anesthesia during late gestation impairs the learning and memory ability of rat offspring possibly by promoting neuroinflammation and disturbing lipid metabolism via the TLR4/BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway.
Democratization, Foreign Military Intervention, and Rebel Fragmentation in Civil War: Evidence from the PKK Insurgency in Turkey
Authors: Erdoğdu Ulaş 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, by studying the fragmentation of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) in 2004, I identify two distinct pathways to rebel fragmentation: one that is triggered by democratization in the home country (EU-anchored democratization in Turkey) and the other by the empowerment of a rival co-ethnic organization in a neighboring country through foreign military intervention (American invasion of Iraq and the empowerment of Iraqi Kurdish leadership). First, by expanding the room for nonviolent mobilization, democratization can result in an organizational fragmentation between soft-liners, who support laying down the arms, and hard-liners, who prefer the continuation of the armed insurgency under new circumstances. Second, foreign intervention in a neighboring country can radically change the distribution of power and empower an organization’s rival co-ethnic organization. This can lead some actors within the organization to rethink their alliances and advocate a better relationship with their rival co-ethnics and the intervening foreign power, resulting in organizational fragmentation over the organization’s external relationships. The paper broadly contributes to the literature on rebel fragmentation, the effects of democratization on civil war processes, international dynamics of civil wars, transborder ethnic-kin, and rebel alliances in civil wars.
Learning your place: Watsuji on education, Bildung, and negotiating tradition
Authors: Sevilla-Liu Anton 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article examines the problems and potential of Watsuji’s idea of education as ‘learning one’s place’. It begins with the theoretical foundations of this education in his view of space, time, and the practical nexus of acts, found in Ethics I. It then proceeds to his philosophy of education, first in Ethics II, and then in his heretofore under-researched book entitled Confucius. These will be connected to the contemporary discourse on Bildung and its implications for generality and agency in education. However, Watsuji’s views bear the danger of traditional conservativism and a lack of freedom conferred on the individual, whereas individual freedom is essential to Bildung theory. These problems are explored in Ethics III via the questions of whether cultural and social change are possible as well as the role of individual agency in it. These allow us to arrive at a conditional possibility for Bildung in Watsuji that tries to connect people in a general way, while maintaining various forms of individual agency.
The critical need for expert oversight of ChatGPT: Prompt engineering for safeguarding child healthcare information
Authors: Leslie-Miller Calissa J , Simon Stacey L , Dean Kelsey , Mokhallati Nadine , Cushing Christopher C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
ChatGPT and other large language models have the potential to transform the health information landscape online. However, lack of domain-specific expertise and known errors in large language models raise concerns about the widespread adoption of content generated by these tools for parents making healthcare decisions for their children. The aim of this study is to determine if health-related text generated by ChatGPT under the supervision of an expert is comparable to that generated by an expert regarding persuasiveness and credibility from the perspective of a parent.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study 116 parents aged 18–65 years (M = 45.02, SD = 10.92) were asked to complete a baseline assessment of their behavioral intentions regarding pediatric healthcare topics. Subsequently, participants were asked to rate text generated by either an expert or by ChatGPT under supervision of an expert.

Results
Results indicate that prompt engineered ChatGPT is capable of impacting behavioral intentions for medication, sleep, and diet decision-making. Additionally, there was little distinction between prompt engineered ChatGPT and content experts on perceived morality, trustworthiness, expertise, accuracy, and reliance. Notably, when differences were present, prompt engineered ChatGPT was rated as higher in trustworthiness and accuracy, and participants indicated they would be more likely to rely on the information presented by prompt engineered ChatGPT compared to the expert.

Discussion
Given that parents will trust and rely on information generated by ChatGPT, it is critically important that human domain-specific expertise be applied to healthcare information that will ultimately be presented to consumers (e.g., parents).
Pharmacokinetics of nano- and microcrystal formulations of low solubility compounds after intramuscular injection to mice
Authors: Aluri Krishna C , Sigfridsson Kalle , Xue Aixiang , Ramsden Diane 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of poorly soluble compounds when administered intramuscularly (i.m.) as crystalline particles of different sizes.

Methods
Three uncharged compounds (griseofulvin, AZ’72, and AZ’07) with varying aqueous solubility were dosed to mice at 10 and 50 mg/kg as nano- and microparticle formulations. The PK of the compounds was evaluated.

Key Findings
The smaller particles of the drugs resulted in higher maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration–time profile (AUC) at 50 mg/kg. There was a dose-proportional increase in AUC but less than dose dose-proportional increase in Cmax. The evaluation at 10 mg/kg was more complex as increased exposure for nanoparticles was only observed for griseofulvin which has the highest solubility. In addition, there was an increase in half-life with an increase in dose.

Conclusions
This study highlights that general expectations based on in vitro dissolution (i.e. that smaller particles dissolve faster than larger particles when surrounded by liquid) do not always translate to in vivo and demonstrates the importance of understanding the physicochemical properties of the drug, the characteristics of the formulations and the microphysiology at the delivery site.
Continuously indexed graphical models
Authors: Waghmare Kartik G , Panaretos Victor M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Let X={Xu}u∈U be a real-valued Gaussian process indexed by a set U. We show that X can be viewed as a graphical model with an uncountably infinite graph, where each Xu is a vertex. This graph is characterized by the reproducing property of X’s covariance kernel, without restricting U to be finite or countable, allowing the modelling of stochastic processes in continuous time/space. Unlike traditional methods, this characterization is not based on zero entries of an inverse covariance, posing challenges for structure estimation. We propose a plug-in methodology that targets graph recovery up to a finite resolution and shows consistency for graphs which are sufficiently regular and that can be applied to virtually any measurement regime. Furthermore, we derive convergence rates and finite-sample guarantees for the method, and demonstrate its performance through a simulation study and two data analyses.
Outcomes related to penile prosthesis reservoir removal: a 7-year multi-institutional experience
Authors: Piraino Javier , Madison Ian , Supak Dylan , Trost Landon , Cornell Robert J , Kohler Tobias , Henry Gerard D , Loeb Aram B , Wang Run , Clavell Hernández Jonathan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The 3-piece inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) is the most widely used device for erectile dysfunction refractory to medications, containing a reservoir inserted into the retropubic space (RPS) or an alternative/ectopic space (AES). Indications for removal of the reservoir include malfunction, malposition, or infection. In revision cases without infection, reservoir removal is sometimes optional.

Aim
We reviewed outcomes and complications related to reservoir removal from a large multi-institutional series.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed databases at 6 institutions over 7 years. Patients with artificial urethral sphincter, urethral sling, or mini-jupette were excluded.

Outcomes
Outcomes and complications related to IPP reservoir removal were analyzed. Data were collected, but only reservoir-related complications at surgery were included. Data were compared between the RPS and AES cohorts to evaluate differences with a χ2 test, with significance at P &lt; .05.

Results
Of 215 cases, there were 172 RPS and 43 AES reservoirs. The mean patient age was 65.3 years. An overall 131 procedures were due to malfunction and 49 to malposition of an IPP component; 35 were secondary to infection. Among those retained (n = 44), reasons included reuse, avoiding surrounding structure damage, and difficult dissection. Among those removed (n = 171), 15 required a counterincision. To determine the statistical difference between those removed from the RPS and an AES, the χ2 test result was P = .00059, indicating a significant difference in the need for a counterincision between the groups. Complications included bladder perforation (n = 1) in the RPS group and an avulsion of the epigastric vessels requiring abdominal exploration (n = 1) in the AES group. To determine the statistical difference between RPS and AES complications, the χ2 test result was P = .365, indicating no significant difference between the groups.

Strengths and Limitations
Strengths include being a multi-institutional study with high-volume skilled implanters. Limitations include being a retrospective review, with implanters exclusively performing penoscrotal incisions and not utilizing an infrapubic approach. Last, there was a lack of long-term follow-up with these patients.

Conclusions
Removal of an IPP reservoir remains safe, with few intraoperative complications. Surgeons should be aware of the inferior epigastric vessels during removal in an AES or be willing to perform a counterincision to avoid injury to surrounding structures. Surgeons should also obtain preoperative imaging to identify the specific location of the reservoir and adjacent anatomy. This is the first multi-institutional study reviewing outcomes related to reservoir removal during IPP revision or removal surgery.
Characteristics of bird niches in a small Indian city: effect of migratory status, season, and environment variables
Authors: Mehta Kanishka , Koli Vijay Kumar , Kittur Swati , Sundar K S Gopi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Small tropical and sub-tropical cities frequently retain considerable and diverse green spaces. Such cities can house diverse bird assemblages but these species face conditions varying both spatially (habitats and human activity spread out unequally) and temporally (influx of migratory birds, seasonally varying weather). How do urban birds cope with such conditions? More specifically, do migratory species vary from resident ones in their requirements, and how do resident species deal with variations in conditions? To address these questions, we used an ordination technique, the Outlying Mean Index (OMI), to estimate niche characteristics (OMI, tolerance, and residual tolerance) of 74 resident and migratory bird species in the tourism-dominated Udaipur city, India, across three seasons during 2019–20 using 16 variables that incorporated human presence, land use and trees. OMIs indicated high residual tolerance suggesting that measured variables were inadequate to fully characterize urban bird niches. Contrary to predictions, birds grouped by feeding guilds had similar niche metrics both within and across seasons. Also contrary to predictions, migratory species had more generalized niches relative to resident species. Bird niches were most influenced by trees, effects due to other natural habitats (open areas, scrublands, wetlands) were weaker, and human-related variables (cattle, built-up area, people, vehicles) had the weakest influence. Seasonal niche characteristics computed for 41 resident species suggested that individual species coped with changing conditions differently. Conservation of bird assemblages in small cities will require preservation of city-wide habitat diversity alongside spatially restricting urbanization.
Imaging the spatial distribution of structurally diverse plant hormones
Authors: Chen Lulu , Zhang Yue , Bu Yufen , Zhou Junhui , Man Yi , Wu Xinyuan , Yang Haobo , Lin Jinxing , Wang Xiaodong , Jing Yanping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Plant hormones are essential and structurally diverse molecules that regulate various aspects of plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the precise analysis of plant hormones in complex biological samples poses a challenge due to their low concentrations, dynamic levels, and intricate spatial distribution. Moreover, the complexity and interconnectedness of hormone signaling networks make it difficult to simultaneously trace multiple hormone spatial distributions. In this review, we provide an overview of currently recognized small-molecule plant hormones, signal peptide hormones, and plant growth regulators, along with the analytical methods employed for their analysis. We delve into the latest advancements in mass spectrometry imaging and in situ fluorescence techniques, which enable the examination of the spatial distribution of plant hormones. The advantages and disadvantages of these imaging techniques are further discussed. Finally, we propose potential avenues in imaging techniques to further enhance our understanding of plant hormone biology.
SlECA4, an epsin-like clathrin adaptor protein, improves tomato heat tolerance via clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Zhang Linyang , Zhang Ming , Yong Kang , Zhang Li , Wang Sitian , Liang Minmin , Yan Bentao , Li Haiyan , Cao Lijun , Lu Minghui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is one of the main pathways for plant cells to internalize membrane proteins in response to changing environmental conditions. The Epsin-like Clathrin Adaptor (ECA) proteins play important roles in the assembly of the clathrin coat; however, their involvement in plant responses to heat stress remains unclear. Here we report that in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Epsin-like Clathrin Adaptor 4 (SlECA4) expression responded to heat stress. The silencing and knockout of SlECA4 increased tomato sensitivity to heat stress while the overexpression of SlECA4 enhanced tomato tolerance to heat stress. Treatment with a CME inhibitor, ES9-17, reduced tomato heat tolerance. SlECA4 localized to the plasma membrane, the trans-Golgi network/early endosomes, and the prevacuolar compartment/late endosomes. In a SlECA4 knockout line, both CME and recycling from the trans-Golgi network/early endosomes to the plasma membrane were inhibited. These data indicate that SlECA4 is involved in CME. After heat treatment, more punctate structures of SlECA4–green fluorescent protein accumulated in tobacco leaf epidermal cells by transient expression. Furthermore, compared with wild type, the rate of CME was inhibited under heat stress in the SlECA4 knockout line. Taken together, the ECA protein SlECA4 plays a positive role in tomato tolerance to heat stress via the CME pathway.