bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravitreal Infliximab in Experimental Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis
Authors: Hosseini Hamid , Safaei Akbar , Khalili Mohammad R. , Nowroozizadeh Behdokht , Eghtedari Masoometh , Farvardin Mohsen , Nowroozizadeh Sarah , Tolide-Ie Hamid R. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ocular inflammation and the level of TNF-α is increased in ocular fluids of patients with uveitis. Intravenous infliximab, a monoclonal antibody against TNF-α, has been used for the treatment of uveitis with promising preliminary results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravitreal injection of infliximab on experimental uveitis. Methods Thirty-three white New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into three groups. Group 1 (n=5) received intravitreal injection of 1 mg/0.1 cc infliximab plus 0.1 cc normal saline, group 2 (n=14) received intravitreal injection of 2 μg Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin plus 1 mg/0.1 cc infliximab, and group 3 (n=14) animals received intravitreal endotoxin 2 μg/0.1 cc plus normal saline 0.1 cc. Inflammation was evaluated by clinical examinations on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after the injections; measuring the protein concentration and inflammatory cell content of the aqueous humor; and histopathologic examination. Results No inflammation occurred in group 1 animals. There was a statistically significant difference between group 2 and 3 animals with regard to clinical examination on the third, fifth, and seventh postinjection days. The differences between groups 2 and 3 were significant with regard to aqueous cell counts and protein content at day 7 (p=0.02 and p=0.001, respectively). Histopathologic examination results showed less inflammation in group 2 animals compared to group 3 animals (p=0.009). Conclusions The results provide evidence that intravitreal injection of infliximab suppresses ocular inflammation in a rabbit model of severe endotoxin-induced uveitis. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 818–23)
Toxoplasmic Retinochoroiditis in an Italian Referral Center
Authors: Accorinti Massimo , Bruscolini Alice , Pia Pirraglia Maria , Liverani Marco , Caggiano Claudio 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the clinical features of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT). Methods Retrospective review of 3080 new patients with uveitis was performed to identify patients with active OT. The main outcome measures were ocular features and ocular complications. Results Active OT was diagnosed in 88 patients (2.85% of all uveitis), 39 male (44.3%) and 49 female (55.7%), at an average age of 20.4±14.6 years, lower than in other types of uveitis (p<0.0001). Acquired OT diagnosis was possible in 4 cases (4.5%), while in the others a differentiation between acquired or congenital OT was impossible. Unilateral OT occurred in 76 patients (86.36%), with lesions located inside the vascular arcade in 64 of them (84.2%). Among bilateral cases (12 patients, 13.63%), at least one lesion was central in 9 (75%). Isolated peripheral lesions were observed in 12 out of 88 patients (13.6%). During an average follow-up of 70±73.5 months, OT recurrences appeared in 70 patients (79.54%). Mean interval between diagnosis and first relapse was 43.57±48.46 months, while it shortened between subsequent relapses (24.44±26.5 months; p=0.001). Conclusions Ocular toxoplasmosis is a highly recurrent disease, mainly unilateral, with an average age at onset lower than those observed in other types of uveitis. Time between relapses shortens significantly over time. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 824–30)
Determining Size and Characteristics of Metal Intraocular Foreign Bodies Using Helical CT Scan
Authors: Briscoe Daniel , Geffen Noa , Assia Ehud I. , Yaffe Daniel 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To carry out a pilot study comparing the size of various types of metallic intraocular foreign bodies as imaged on computed tomographic (CT) scan to their actual size, and to determine the features of different types of metals on CT scan. Methods Metallic foreign bodies of predetermined standardized sizes were prepared from iron, silver, copper, aluminium, and lead. The metallic pieces/shards were each inserted into the vitreous of a cow's eye and helical CT scan (MX twin, Picker) was performed to image the intraocular foreign bodies, using soft tissue and bone window settings. Slice section thickness was 1.3 mm, with intervals of 0.6 mm. Milliampere per second was 265 and pitch 0.7. Results The size of all types of metals as measured on CT was larger than the actual size. Iron was enlarged by a factor of 2.29, silver 1.77, copper 1.26, and aluminum 1.17. All metals had features including central core, ring density, and artifacts which varied for each type of metal, giving each one a characteristic appearance Conclusions Helical CT scan could be useful in estimating the type and size of an intraocular metal foreign body made from iron, silver, copper, aluminium, or lead. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 861–5)
An Unusual Case of Cocaine-Induced Maculopathy
Authors: Ascaso Francisco J. , Cruz Nancy , Del Buey María A. , Cristóbal José A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Cocaine is one of the most common substances of abuse. When used intranasally, cocaine is cut with a variety of agents, which may increase local and systemic toxic reactions. Methods We examined a 34-year-old man who complained of color disturbance. The patient reported a 10-year history of daily intranasal cocaine use, but denied use during the last year. Color vision testing showed a dysregulation of blue–yellow color vision. Electroretinogram revealed significantly reduced blue cone responses. Dilated fundus examination of both eyes revealed a bilateral maculopathy. Fluorescein angiography disclosed an early hyperfluorescence in both foveal areas which maintained in late phase. Optical coherence tomography was normal in both eyes. The patient was diagnosed with an unusual maculopathy related to a long-term intranasal cocaine use. Results All 6 eyes exhibited pigmentary changes located along the border of the staphyloma, and also radially to it, giving a particular T-shaped pattern of pigmentary changes. These changes were visible as either a linear strip or a triangular or oval-shaped area. Three eyes had a documented history of subretinal leakage that mimicked central serous chorioretinopathy, a well-known complication of tilted disk syndrome. Conclusions Ocular complications from topical cocaine abuse are rare. Impaired color vision, as in our patient, has been reported in cocaine-withdrawn patients. To our knowledge, this is the first described case of a bilateral and symmetric maculopathy associated with long-term intranasal cocaine use. To avoid a delay of treatment, ophthalmologists should be aware that a maculopathy with small defects in color vision may be related to adulterants added to cocaine when it is used intranasally. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 880–2)
Massive Spontaneous Choroidal Hemorrhage in a Patient with Chronic Renal Failure and Coronary Artery Disease Treated with Plavix
Authors: De Marco Rocco , Aurilia Pasquale , Mele Alessandro 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of massive spontaneous choroidal hemorrhage in a patient with chronic renal failure and coronary artery disease treated with clopidogrel bisulfate (Plavix). Methods Case report. Results A 75-year-old man presented with pain and loss of vision in the left eye for 1 week. His medical history was remarkable for systemic hypertension, chronic renal failure, and artery coronary disease. For 6 months, he had been taking 75 mg/day of Plavix after coronary angioplasty. Ocular examination revealed the patient to be in angle closure. Ultrasonography and computed tomography scan revealed a massive choroidal hemorrhage pushing the iris-lens diaphragm forward. Pain and intraocular pressure were treated successfully with evacuative sclerotomies, but the final exitus after 6 months was bulbar phthisis. Conclusions Massive spontaneous choroidal hemorrhage is an extremely rare event that usually has been described in older patients (65–87 years old) receiving anticoagulants or thrombolytic agents. Systemic hypertension, generalized atherosclerosis, and age-related macular degeneration are additional risk factors. In the present case, massive choroidal hemorrhage was associated with use of clopidogrel bisulfate (Plavix) in a patient with chronic renal failure. Our report indicates that Plavix should be administered with caution in patients with chronic renal failure owing to the risk of serious choroidal bleeding. Chronic renal failure should be also included in the list of risk factors for massive spontaneous choroidal hemorrhage. Evacuative sclerotomies may have value in the relief of pain and elevated intraocular pressure but has not been shown to be beneficial in visual and anatomic outcomes. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 883–6)
Amadeus® II Microkeratome: Optimizing Microkeratome Settings for High Flap Accuracy Using Optical Low Coherence Reflectometry
Authors: Lackerbauer Carl-Arnold , Kollias Aris , Kreutzer Thomas C. , Ulbig Michael , Kampik Anselm , Grueterich Martin 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate the impact of various experimental microkeratome settings and blade reuse on the accuracy of the flap thickness created with the new Amadeus® II microkeratome (SIS, Ziemer Ophthalmic, Port, Switzerland). Methods In this prospective study, 120 porcine eyes were used to create corneal flaps with the Amadeus® II using 2 different cutting heads (140 μm, 160 μm) with the Surepass® blade. Using each blade twice, a head advance speed of 1.5 mm/s and 3.5 mm/s and oscillation rates of 8000 rpm, 10,000 rpm, and 13,000 rpm were used. Flap thickness was measured by optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR). Descriptive statistical analysis was based on means, medians, and quartiles, with graphical representation on box plot. Pearson correlation test and Mann-Whitney U-test for unpaired samples were employed to identify the impact of different settings. Results Using the 140 μm cutting head, highest precision of the flap thickness was achieved with a head advance rate of 1.5 mm/s and an oscillation rate of 10,000 rpm (mean 132.1±10.0 μm; range 120.2–147.2 μm). Reusing the blade, highest accuracy (mean 130±6.9 μm; range 118.5–135 μm) was achieved with 8000 rpm. Using the 160 μm cutting head, an optimum flap thickness was reached with a head advance rate of 3.5 mm/s and an oscillation rate of 13,000 rpm (mean 162.4±7.7 μm; range 151.9–169.8 μm). Reusing the blade with the 160 μm cutting head, an adjustment to 3.5 mm/s and 10,000 rpm was necessary (mean 157.4±7.7 μm; range 153.7–161.8 μm). Conclusions Optimized microkeratome settings lead to minimized deviation from the intended flap thickness and are mandatory to improve flap accuracy. OLCR is an ideal method to proof individualized settings.
Induction of Controlled Wound Healing with PMMA Segments in the Deep Stroma in Corneas of Hens
Authors: Merayo-Lloves Jesus , Blanco-Mezquita Tomas , Ibares-Frías Lucia , Fabiani Larisa , Alvarez-Barcia Angel , Martinez-García Carmen 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) segments are normally used in additive surgery to treat both corneal ectasia post laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis and keratoconus. The aim of this work was to develop an experimental animal model to induce wound healing in the deep stroma in corneas of hens. Methods PMMA segments were implanted in the right eyes of 40 adult hens without suture in the wound incision. Animals were randomized for 5 time points to histopathology study (1, 3, 15, 30, and 90 days) being clinically evaluated during the experiment. Results Thirty-four eyes (85%) had a successful clinical outcome and intraoperative mistakes occurred in 6 eyes (15%), including anterior chamber perforation resulting in abscess (1), excess of lamellar dissection with segment migration (3), and peripheral incisions evolving with neovascularization (2). At 24 hours, all the epithelial injuries were completed in integrity, but a persistent stromal incision, with a fish mouth form, was observed until day 15. Corneal edema disappeared at the fifth day. Haze, keratocyte cell death, keratocyte proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, and new matrix production were observed in length around the segment. Conclusions Wound healing was induced in the deep corneal stroma by means of PMMA segment implantation in a new animal model developed in hens.
The Effect of Oral Magnesium Therapy on Visual Field and Ocular Blood Flow in Normotensive Glaucoma
Authors: Aydin Bahri , Önol Merih , Hondur Ahmet , Kaya Mehmet , Özdemir Hakan , Cengel Atiye , Hasanreisoglu Berati 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the effect of oral magnesium therapy on ocular blood flow and visual field perimetry indices in patients with normotensive glaucoma (NTG). Methods Fifteen patients with NTG (study group) received 300 mg oral magnesium citrate for 1 month, while 15 patients with NTG (control group) received no treatment. Blood magnesium level measurement, visual field analysis, and color Doppler imaging of the orbital vessels were done before treatment and at 1 month. Results In the study group, mean deviation improved from −3.7±1.9 (mean ± standard deviation) at baseline to −2.5±1.8 at 1 month (p<0.05), and pattern standard deviation improved from 3.6±2.3 at baseline to 2.8±2.6 at 1 month (p<0.05). Color Doppler imaging indices did not change after magnesium therapy. Conclusions Oral magnesium therapy may provide improvement in the visual field, but does not seem to affect ocular blood flow in patients with NTG. Other mechanism than increased ocular blood flow may be responsible for the improvement in the visual field with oral magnesium therapy.
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Patients with Exfoliation, Exfoliative Glaucoma, and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Kozobolis Vassilios P. , Glynatsis Mikes , Labiris Georgios , Katsanos Andreas , Fanariotis Michael , Koukoula Stavrenia , Alvanos Stratos , Toufexis George 
Published: January 2018

Purpose T ev lu te the retin I nerve fi er I yer (RNFL) pr file f he Ithy ntr Is, pers ns with exf - li ti n syndr me (XFS), nd p tients with exf li ti n gl u m (XFG) nd prim ry pen ngle gl u - m (POAG). Methods One eye fr m e h f 269 p rti ip nts w s n lyzed. Fifty eyes were n rm I, 45 eyes h d XFS, 89 eyes h d POAG, nd 89 h d XFG. Gl u m p tients were divided rding t the severity f the dise se int mild nd dv n ed gr ups. All p rti ip nts underwent im ging with the GDx-VCC devi e. Me surements f the p r meters TSNIT ver ge, TSNIT SD, nd nerve fi er indi t r (NFI) were perf rmed. P I rimetri RNFL thi kness v lues were mp red y me ns f B nferr ni- rre - ted t-tests. Results Reg rding ntr I nd gl u m gr ups, st tisti lly signifi nt differen es were identified in II GDx p r meters. RNFL thi kness v lues f the ntr I gr up differed signifi ntly fr m the v lues f the XFS gr up. There w s n st tisti lly signifi nt differen e etween RNFL thi kness v lues f r the mild POAG nd mild XFG gr ups rf rthe dv n ed POAG nd dv n ed XFG gr ups. Conclusions P I rimetry-determined RNFL in eyes with XFS is thinner th n th t f he Ithy eyes. N differen es in RNFL thi kness were f und when eyes with POAG nd XFG f simil r seventy were mp red.
Comparison of Advanced Visual Field Defects Measured with the Tübingen Mobile Campimeter and the Octopus 101 Perimeter
Authors: Bruckmann Anna , Volpe Nicholas J. , Paetzold Jens , Vonthein Reinhard , Schiefer Ulrich 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the results of advanced visual field defects (VFD) measured with the conventional reference perimeter Octopus 101 (O-101) and the new portable Tübingen Mobile Campimeter (TMC). Methods Thirty-seven subjects (18 to 75 years), 13 with advanced arcuate scotomas, 12 with VFD respecting vertical meridians, 6 with concentric constriction and 6 healthy controls were included. First examination was with O-101: grid 30°-NO, 192 stimuli, 10 cd/m2 background luminance, stimulus size: Goldmann III (26’); second examination was with TMC: 84 stimuli (subset of grid 30°-NO), stimulus size 34’, stimulus luminance 320–370 cd/m2, background luminance 8–20 cd/m2. Point-wise accuracy (proportion of concordant locations), sensitivity, and specificity were estimated into 95% confidence intervals (CI) by averaging individual logits. Examination durations were compared. Results TMC results are highly concordant with O-101 results for all defect classes. For the entire sample, the percentage of discordant points (perceived with TMC but not with O-101) among all discordant points was 35% (CI: 30% to 40%). Analyzed by VFD pattern, accuracy was highest in healthy controls scotomas (97.9%; CI: 97% to 98.5%) and lowest in arcuate scotomas (80.6 %; CI: 77.3% to 83.5%). Sensitivity was highest in concentric constriction (94.5%; CI: 82.9% to 98.4%) and lowest in healthy controls (59.1%; CI: 26.3% to 85.3%). Specificity was highest in healthy controls (98.1%; CI: 96.6% to 98.9%) and lowest in concentric constriction (77.4%; CI: 62.1% to 87.7%). Mean examination time was 4.6 minutes (TMC) and 9.8 minutes (O-101). Conclusions The results indicate that the TMC is a feasible device for detection of VFD.
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Spatial and Temporal Contrast Sensitivity in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Merle Harold , Olindo Stéphane , Donnio Angélique , Beral Laurence , Richer Raymond , Smadja Didier , Cabre Philippe 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To measure peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and spatial and temporal contrast sensitivity in multiple sclerosis (MS) taking into account previous history of optic neuropathy (ON). Methods Thirty patients (60 eyes) with relapsing-remitting MS were selected (MS group). The MS ON group was composed of 31 eyes with previous history of optic neuropathy and the MS non-ON group of 29 eyes was without previous history of optic neuropathy. Thickness of the RNFL was measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT) with the Stratus OCT. As for sensitivity to spatial contrast, we used Pelli-Robson and Sloan charts. Sensitivity to temporal contrast was explored using frequency doubling technology perimetry (FDTP). Results The average thickness of RNFL in the MS, MS ON, MS non-ON, and control groups were 88.2±18.9 μm, 80.81±18.4 μm, 96.7±15.8 μm, and 106±12.2 μm, respectively. The spatial contrast vision and FDTP results were less in the MS non-ON group than in the control group. The average thickness of RNFL correlated to the scores of spatial and temporal contrast vision. Conclusions MS is accompanied by visual function alteration even in the absence of acute optic neuropathy. The important correlation between functional and anatomic aspect confirms the value of OCT to appreciate the subclinical involvement of the optic nerve. Associated with tests exploring visual function, the OCT could reveal itself pertinent in evaluation of the different therapeutics used in MS ON.
Vitreoretinal Dysplasia Masquerading as Peters’ Anomaly
Authors: Martinet Virginie , Dureau Pascal , Bergès Olivier , Caputo Georges 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Vitreoretinal dysplasia is characterized by a congenital bilateral nonattachment of the retina. In some cases, anteroposition of the iris and lens can lead to corneolenticular contact and corneal opacity, masquerading as Peters’ anomaly. We report 3 cases of vitreoretinal dysplasia initially diagnosed as Peters’ anomaly. Methods Case report. Results Case 1: In a 3-year-old boy with bilateral corneal opacities, high frequency ultrasound showed iridolenticular adherences as in Peters’ anomaly, but color Doppler imaging of the posterior pole revealed a bilateral total retinal detachment. Case 2: In an 18-month-old boy with bilateral corneal opacity and dense cataract, ultrasound revealed a shallow anterior chamber and bilateral vitreous hemorrhage with retinal detachment. Case 3: In a 6-month-old girl with bilateral central corneal opacity, shallow anterior chamber, iridocorneal synechiae, and a cataract, ultrasound revealed a total retinal detachment in the right eye, and was uncertain in the left eye. Corneal transplantation was attempted in the left eye, but a retinal detachment was discovered peroperatively There were associated central nervous system anomalies. Conclusions Vitreoretinal dysplasia is a potentially evolving disease and can lead to anterior chamber thinning, corneal opacity, and secondary glaucoma. Anterior and posterior segment ultrasound is essential to fix the correct diagnosis and prognosis.
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy in a Child with Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Salvanos Panagiotis , Kabanarou Stamatina A. , Xirou Tina , Kourentis Christina , Feretis Elias 
Published: January 2018

Purpose We present a rare case of ocular leishmaniasis complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy in a child with active visceral leishmaniasis. Methods A 10-year-old boy with active visceral leishmaniasis presented with a 5- day history of redness, photophobia, and blurred vision in his left eye. Visual acuity was measured and the child had a complete ocular examination. Results Snellen best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 10/10 in the right eye and 7/10 in the left eye at presentation. Ophthalmic examination of the right eye was normal but the left eye showed clinical signs of panuveitis. Laboratory investigations were negative. Treatment with systemic and local steroids was initiated and clinical improvement achieved. Eight months later, the patient had a relapse of systemic and ocular disease with severe panuveitis in both eyes. A combined tractional–rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was present in the left eye. Pars plana vitrectomy was undertaken in the left eye and the patient was started on systemic and local steroid treatment. Retinal reattachment was achieved postoperatively but visual acuity in the left eye remained poor. Conclusions Early diagnosis, prompt systemic and ocular treatment, as well as close ophthalmic examination are essential in such cases.
Isolated Unilateral Abducens Cranial Nerve Palsy: A Rare Presentation of Pituitary Apoplexy
Authors: Matti Albert I. , Rudkin Adam K. , Lee Andrew W. , Chen Celia S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe a rare presentation of pituitary apoplexy as unilateral abducens nerve palsy demonstrating the various presentations of the condition. Methods Case report. Results A 48-year-old man presented with isolated right abducens nerve palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large pituitary macroadenoma with evidence of recent bleed into the right cavernous sinus and surrounding the right internal carotid artery. Conclusions Pituitary apoplexy may present subtly with an isolated sixth nerve palsy but the condition is critical and high index of suspicion needs to be governed.
A Rare Case Report of Loa Loa Ocular Filariasis
Authors: Aiello Francesco , Palma Stefano , Varesi Chiara , Cerulli Angelica , Valente Rosanna , Aiello Luigi 
Published: January 2018

Purpose We report a case of ocular worm treated surgically and confirmed by microbiological identification. Methods A 33-year-old Swiss woman presented to the ophthalmic unit, complaining of pain and foreign body sensation in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination disclosed a subconjunctival amber-colored cord in the conjunctival fornix. Presentation, clinical and histopathologic evaluation, and treatment are described. Results At the time of surgery, an alive and still intact worm was extracted through conjunctival incision. Histopathology confirmed the presence of filariasis. Conclusions As the flow of immigrants from endemic areas to Europe increases, ocular manifestation of loiasis is becoming more frequent and ophthalmologists need to be aware of this diagnosis.