bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐stage orthogonality based estimation for semiparametric varying‐coefficient models and its applications in analyzing AIDS data
Authors: Zhao Yan‐Yong , Lin Jin‐Guan , Ye Xu‐Guo , Wang Hong‐Xia , Huang Xing‐Fang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSemiparametric smoothing methods are usually used to model longitudinal data, and the interest is to improve efficiency for regression coefficients. This paper is concerned with the estimation in semiparametric varying‐coefficient models (SVCMs) for longitudinal data. By the orthogonal projection method, local linear technique, quasi‐score estimation, and quasi‐maximum likelihood estimation, we propose a two‐stage orthogonality‐based method to estimate parameter vector, coefficient function vector, and covariance function. The developed procedures can be implemented separately and the resulting estimators do not affect each other. Under some mild conditions, asymptotic properties of the resulting estimators are established explicitly. In particular, the asymptotic behavior of the estimator of coefficient function vector at the boundaries is examined. Further, the finite sample performance of the proposed procedures is assessed by Monte Carlo simulation experiments. Finally, the proposed methodology is illustrated with an analysis of an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) dataset.
Common oral complications of head and neck cancer radiation therapy: mucositis, infections, saliva change, fibrosis, sensory dysfunctions, dental caries, periodontal disease, and osteoradionecrosis
Authors: Sroussi Herve Y , Epstein Joel B. , Bensadoun Rene‐Jean , Saunders Deborah P. , Lalla Rajesh V. , Migliorati Cesar A. , Heaivilin Natalie , Zumsteg Zachary S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPatients undergoing radiation therapy for the head and neck are susceptible to a significant and often abrupt deterioration in their oral health. The oral morbidities of radiation therapy include but are not limited to an increased susceptibility to dental caries and periodontal disease. They also include profound and often permanent functional and sensory changes involving the oral soft tissue. These changes range from oral mucositis experienced during and soon after treatment, mucosal opportunistic infections, neurosensory disorders, and tissue fibrosis. Many of the oral soft tissue changes following radiation therapy are difficult challenges to the patients and their caregivers and require life‐long strategies to alleviate their deleterious effect on basic life functions and on the quality of life. We discuss the presentation, prognosis, and management strategies of the dental structure and oral soft tissue morbidities resulting from the administration of therapeutic radiation in head and neck patient. A case for a collaborative and integrated multidisciplinary approach to the management of these patients is made, with specific recommendation to include knowledgeable and experienced oral health care professionals in the treatment team.
HER2 exon 27 mutations predict worse survival of breast cancer patients, especially in HER2‐negative patients
Authors: Si Pilei , Chen Tao , Fang Bin , Yao Jiabing , Liu Gaoxiu , Chen Haijun , Zhai Baoping , Li Wentao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aims of this study were to assess the prognostic value of the HER2 exon 27 mutations in breast cancer patients. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes, and then HER2 exon 27 mutations were detected by direct sequencing. Survival curves were estimated by Kaplan–Meier curves and the differences between the curves were compared by log‐rank tests. A total cohort of 892 female patients with operable primary breast cancer was included in this study. The median follow‐up was 47 months. Of these 892 patients, 3.7% (33/892) had HER2 exon 27 mutations. Patients with the HER2 exon 27 mutations had a significant worse recurrence‐free survival (RFS, unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.42; 95% CI: 1.05–5.58; P = 0.032) and distant recurrence‐free survival (DRFS, unadjusted HR 2.81; 95% CI: 1.21–6.50; P = 0.012) than the patients with the wild‐type exon 27. Among the 673 patients with negative HER2 expression, 24 mutants were found. Patients with the HER2 mutations showed a worse RFS (unadjusted HR 5.08; 95% CI: 2.14–12.02; P < 0.001) and DRFS (unadjusted HR 5.62; 95% CI: 2.36–13.40; P < 0.001) than those patients with the wild‐type exon 27. Furthermore, the mutations remained as unfavorable independent predictors for RFS and DRFS. Breast cancer patients with HER2 exon 27 mutations have a worse survival, especially in HER2‐negative patients. HER2‐negative patients with HER2 exon 27 mutations are potential subgroup of breast cancer patients benefiting from HER2‐targeted therapy in future.
Empathy leads to increased online charitable behaviour when time is the currency
Authors: Farrelly Daniel , Bennett Michael 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study shows how the empathy–altruism hypothesis can affect helping behaviour where time spent is the currency, through the novel use of a real world charity. Using an online charity task (www.freerice.com), we show that inducing empathy and also anger cause participants to spend more time donating rice to the United Nations World Food Programme. These findings therefore support the empathy–altruism hypothesis and add to previous research that have mainly used artificial and/or hypothetical scenarios by further showing that its effects can be applied to real world scenarios where helping behaviours are beneficial.
Multiple large osteolytic lesions in a patient with systemic mastocytosis: a challenging diagnosis
Authors: Bonifacio Massimiliano , Zanotti Roberta , Guardalben Emanuele , Mimiola Elda , Scognamiglio Francesca , Perbellini Omar , De Matteis Giovanna , Escribano Luis , Bonadonna Patrizia , Grigolato Daniela , Bissoli Sergio , Parisi Alice , Zamò Alberto , Ambrosetti Achille , Rossini Maurizio 
Published: October 2017

Key Clinical MessagePatients with advanced variants of Systemic Mastocytosis may develop destructive bone lesions when massive mast cell (MC) infiltrates are present. Finding of large osteolyses in indolent systemic mastocytosis, typically characterized by low MC burden, should prompt investigations for an alternative explanation.
Hydrocracking of Fischer‐Tropsch Wax with Tungstovanadophosphoric Salts as Catalysts
Authors: Rausch Peter , Jess Andreas , Kern Christoph , Korth Wolfgang , Kraft Nannette 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons from CO2 and H2, based on renewable energy and H2O electrolysis, respectively, in a power‐to‐liquid process is a promising concept for the substitution of fossil fuels. Such a process is based on Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis followed by hydrocracking to convert waxy products into transportation fuels such as gasoline and diesel oil. Heteropolyacid cesium salts as catalysts show appropriate activity for hydrocracking, and the selectivity in cracking model hydrocarbons and Fischer‐Tropsch wax can be tuned by the vanadium content of the catalyst. Thermal stability and surface properties were investigated, and the catalysts are compared with a classical H‐Y‐type zeolite used for hydrocracking.
On the Effect of Silicon Substitution in Na3V2(PO4)3 on the Electrochemical Behavior as Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Aragón María J. , Lavela Pedro , Ortiz Gregorio F. , Alcántara Ricardo , Tirado José L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA new Na3+xV2(PO4)3−x(SiO4)x (0≤x≤0.5) series is examined as the positive electrodes for sodium‐ion cells. The substitution of P by Si is evidenced by an increase in the lattice parameters and a significant modification of the particle morphology. These structural and morphological changes significantly affect the electrochemical performance. Thus, samples with low Si contents reveal better rate capabilities and cyclabilities than the Si‐free sample. A full ion cell assembled with a selected sample provides an energy density of 342 W h kg−1 after 140 cycles, demonstrating that Si doping on Na3V2(PO4)3 could be an interesting strategy for high‐performance Na‐ion cells.
A Versatile Synthesis of Pentacosafuranoside Subunit Reminiscent of Mycobacterial Arabinogalactan Employing One Strategic Glycosidation Protocol
Authors: Pasari Sandip , Manmode Sujit , Walke Gulab , Hotha Srinivas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOligosaccharides are involved in a myriad of biological phenomena. Many glycobiological experiments can be undertaken if homogenous and well‐defined oligosaccharides are accessible. Mycobacterial cell walls contain arabinogalactan as one of the major constituents that is challenging for chemical synthesis. Therefore, the major aim of this investigation is to synthesise a major oligosaccharide portion of the arabinogalactan. The pentacosafuranoside (25mer) synthesis involved installation of several arabinofuranosidic linkages through neighbouring group participation for 1,2‐trans linkages and oxidation‐reduction strategy for the 1,2‐cis Araf. A strategically placed n‐pentenyl moiety at the reducing end enables ligation of biomolecular probes through celebrated cross metathesis or thiol‐ene click reactions. Several linear and branched oligosaccharides were synthesised ranging from trisaccharide to pentadecasaccharide during this endeavour. Synthesis of pentacosasaccharide was accomplished in 77 steps with 0.0012 % overall yield. These oligosaccharides are envisioned to be excellent probes for understanding disease biology thereby facilitating discovery of novel antitubercular agents, vaccines and/or diagnostics.
Cyclic Hydroxamic Acid Analogues of Bacterial Siderophores as Iron‐Complexing Agents prepared through the Castagnoli–Cushman Reaction of Unprotected Oximes
Authors: Bakulina Olga , Bannykh Anton , Dar'in Dmitry , Krasavin Mikhail 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe first application of multicomponent chemistry (the Castagnoli–Cushman reaction) toward the convenient one‐step preparation of cyclic hydroxamic acids is described. Cyclic hydroxamic acids are close analogues of bacterial siderophores (iron‐binding compounds) and form stable complexes with Fe3+ ions as confirmed by spectrophotometric measurements. These compounds are potential components for the design of chelating agents for iron overload disease therapy, as well as siderophore‐based carrier systems for antibiotic delivery across the bacterial cell wall.
[Co2@Ge16]4−: Localized versus Delocalized Bonding in Two Isomeric Intermetalloid Clusters
Authors: Liu Chao , Popov Ivan A. , Li Lei‐Jiao , Li Ning , Boldyrev Alexander I. , Sun Zhong‐Ming 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe report the successful isolation and structural elucidation of two bimetallic doped [Co2@Ge16]4− clusters (α and β form), which were synthesized through the reaction of [{(ArN)2CtBu}Co(η6‐toluene)] (Ar=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) and K4Ge9 in ethylenediamine (en) solution and co‐crystallized together in [K(2,2,2‐crypt)]4[Co2@Ge16]⋅en. The α‐[Co2@Ge16]4− isomer prefers a distinct D2h 3‐connected architecture, whereas the deltahedral isomeric β‐[Co2@Ge16]4− isomer adopts a quasi‐C2h geometry and can be seen as coupling of two distorted arachno‐[Co@Ge10] units. Chemical bonding analyses indicate that the skeleton of the α isomer is mainly composed of localized bonds, whereas only multicenter bonding interactions govern the geometry of the β isomer, which was further found to exhibit a fluxional behavior. The coexistence of both isomers within one unit cell links the 3‐connected clusters with their deltahedral congeners, thus highlighting the structural and electronic flexibility of such discreet cluster systems.
Identification and Optimization of 4‐Anilinoquinolines as Inhibitors of Cyclin G Associated Kinase
Authors: Asquith Christopher R. M. , Laitinen Tuomo , Bennett James M. , Godoi Paulo H. , East Michael P. , Tizzard Graham J. , Graves Lee M. , Johnson Gary L. , Dornsife Ronna E. , Wells Carrow I. , Elkins Jonathan M. , Willson Timothy M. , Zuercher William J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract4‐Anilinoquinolines were identified as potent and narrow‐spectrum inhibitors of the cyclin G associated kinase (GAK), an important regulator of viral and bacterial entry into host cells. Optimization of the 4‐anilino group and the 6,7‐quinoline substituents produced GAK inhibitors with nanomolar activity, over 50 000‐fold selectivity relative to other members of the numb‐associated kinase (NAK) subfamily, and a compound (6,7‐dimethoxy‐N‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)quinolin‐4‐amine; 49) with a narrow‐spectrum kinome profile. These compounds may be useful tools to explore the therapeutic potential of GAK in prevention of a broad range of infectious and systemic diseases.
Human papillomavirus and World Health Organization type III nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Multicenter study from an endemic area in Southern China
Authors: Huang Wen Bo , Chan Jimmy Yu Wai , Liu Da Lie 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUNDThe current study was conducted to study the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Southern China and the corresponding treatment outcome.METHODSA retrospective chart review with a level of evidence of 4 was performed.RESULTSBetween 2000 and 2015, a total of 1328 patients with NPC were treated in 3 study institutes in Hong Kong and Foshan City in Guangdong Province, China. All tumors were undifferentiated, nonkeratinizing carcinoma, of which 91.9% were positive for the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV+) and 7.7% were positive for HPV/p16 (HPV+). Although coinfection with both viruses occurred only in 8 patients (0.6%), 94 patients had tumors that were EBV negative (EBV‐) and HPV+. All patients were treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy alone for American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I and II disease, and concurrent chemoradiotherapy for stage III and IV disease. With a median follow‐up of 72.8 months, the authors found that the local recurrence rate was significantly lower for patients with tumors that were EBV‐/HPV+ compared with patients with tumors that were EBV+/HPV‐ (6.4% vs 13.8%; P = .03). Similar trends were observed for the 5‐year disease‐free survival rate (89.8% vs 70.8%; P =.03) and 5‐year overall survival rate (86% vs 72%; P =.03).CONCLUSIONSIn regions that are endemic for NPC, the prevalence of EBV and HPV coinfection in patients with NPC is extremely low. Conversely, patients with EBV‐/HPV+ NPC demonstrate significantly better local tumor control and survival after radiotherapy. Cancer 2018;124:530‐6. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Effect of hospital safety net designation on treatment use and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Mokdad Ali A. , Murphy Caitlin C. , Pruitt Sandi L. , Mansour John C. , Marrero Jorge A. , Singal Amit G. , Yopp Adam C. 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUNDRacial/ethnic minorities with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have worse survival than non‐Hispanic whites. Comparing patient outcomes across health care delivery systems can identify biological and care delivery mechanisms contributing to this disparity. We compared presentation, treatment, and survival of HCC patients treated at safety net hospitals (SNHs) and non‐SNHs.METHODSPatients diagnosed with HCC from 2001 to 2012 were identified in the Texas Cancer Registry. We compared hospital and patient characteristics across three hospital categories: non‐SNHs, low‐proportion SNHs (l‐SNHs), and high‐proportion SNHs (h‐SNHs). Covariate‐adjusted treatment use and overall survival were compared among the 3 hospital categories.RESULTSDespite comprising only 23% of hospitals, h‐SNHs cared for 42% of 17,489 HCC patients and disproportionately delivered care to racial/ethnic minorities and patients of low socioeconomic status compared with non‐SNHs. Compared with non‐SNHs, treatment use was similar at l‐SNHs (45% vs 45%; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89‐1.06) but significantly lower at h‐SNHs (32% vs 45%; OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.57‐0.73). Similarly, patients with localized HCC were less likely to undergo curative treatment at h‐SNHs than non‐SNHs (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.40‐0.66). Compared with non‐SNHs, overall survival was similar at l‐SNHs (hazard ratio [HR], 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89‐0.98) but significantly worse at h‐SNHs (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.22‐1.39).CONCLUSIONPatients at SNHs are less likely to undergo HCC treatment, even when diagnosed at an early stage, which likely contributes to worse survival. System‐level differences in care delivery may partly explain racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in HCC prognosis. Cancer 2018;124:743‐51. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
PROMIS measures can be used to assess symptoms and function in long‐term hematopoietic cell transplantation survivors
Authors: Shaw Bronwen E. , Syrjala Karen L. , Onstad Lynn E. , Chow Eric J. , Flowers Mary E. , Jim Heather , Baker K. Scott , Buckley Sarah , Fairclough Diane L. , Horowitz Mary M. , Lee Stephanie J. 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUNDPatient‐reported outcomes for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) survivors are well characterized with established measures; however, there is little experience with the new, freely available Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures in this population. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the PROMIS measures in the HCT setting with the performance of the commonly used 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36).METHODSAdult HCT survivors from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (n = 4446) were mailed a survey that included the following as part of an annual follow‐up survey: the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System–Global Health (PROMIS‐GH; 10 questions), the 29‐Item Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Profile (PROMIS‐29), and the SF‐36.RESULTSBoth the SF‐36 and PROMIS measures were available for 1634 HCT recipients (503 autologous recipients and 1131 allogeneic recipients). The overall response rate was 46%. The median time after transplantation for allogeneic and autologous recipients was 12.0 years (range, 0.4‐44.1 years) and 6.1 years (range, 0.4‐30.1 years), respectively. With the SF‐36 or PROMIS‐GH, overall physical functioning was somewhat lower in comparison with the general population, but mental functioning was similar. Component and domain scores with similar contents were strongly correlated by Pearson correlation coefficients: the Global Health–Physical and SF‐36 Physical Component Summary scores for autologous (r = 0.82) and allogeneic recipients (r = 0.83) and the PROMIS‐29 and SF‐36 physical function, pain, and vitality/fatigue scores for allogeneic (0.87, –0.82, and –0.82, respectively) and autologous recipients (0.84, –0.82, and –0.81, respectively). The correlation between the Global Health–Mental and SF‐36 Mental Component Summary scores was lower (0.70 for autologous recipients and 0.72 for allogeneic recipients).CONCLUSIONSPhysical and mental symptoms and function in autologous and allogeneic HCT survivors can be adequately assessed with PROMIS‐29 and PROMIS‐GH. Cancer 2018;124:841‐9. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Numerical methods for polyline‐to‐point‐cloud registration with applications to patient‐specific stent reconstruction
Authors: Lin Claire Yilin , Veneziani Alessandro , Ruthotto Lars 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe present novel numerical methods for polyline‐to‐point‐cloud registration and their application to patient‐specific modeling of deployed coronary artery stents from image data. Patient‐specific coronary stent reconstruction is an important challenge in computational hemodynamics and relevant to the design and improvement of the prostheses. It is an invaluable tool in large‐scale clinical trials that computationally investigate the effect of new generations of stents on hemodynamics and eventually tissue remodeling. Given a point cloud of strut positions, which can be extracted from images, our stent reconstruction method aims at finding a geometrical transformation that aligns a model of the undeployed stent to the point cloud. Mathematically, we describe the undeployed stent as a polyline, which is a piecewise linear object defined by its vertices and edges. We formulate the nonlinear registration as an optimization problem whose objective function consists of a similarity measure, quantifying the distance between the polyline and the point cloud, and a regularization functional, penalizing undesired transformations. Using projections of points onto the polyline structure, we derive novel distance measures. Our formulation supports most commonly used transformation models including very flexible nonlinear deformations. We also propose 2 regularization approaches ensuring the smoothness of the estimated nonlinear transformation. We demonstrate the potential of our methods using an academic 2D example and a real‐life 3D bioabsorbable stent reconstruction problem. Our results show that the registration problem can be solved to sufficient accuracy within seconds using only a few number of Gauss‐Newton iterations.
Natural‐Product‐Derived Carbon Dots: From Natural Products to Functional Materials
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Jiang Mingyue , Niu Na , Chen Zhijun , Li Shujun , Liu Shouxin , Li Jian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNature provides an almost limitless supply of sources that inspire scientists to develop new materials with novel applications and less of an environmental impact. Recently, much attention has been focused on preparing natural‐product‐derived carbon dots (NCDs), because natural products have several advantages. First, natural products are renewable and have good biocompatibility. Second, natural products contain heteroatoms, which facilitate the fabrication of heteroatom‐doped NCDs without the addition of an external heteroatom source. Finally, some natural products can be used to prepare NCDs in ways that are very green and simple relative to traditional methods for the preparation of carbon dots from man‐made carbon sources. NCDs have shown tremendous potential in many fields, including biosensing, bioimaging, optoelectronics, and photocatalysis. This Review addresses recent progress in the synthesis, properties, and applications of NCDs. The challenges and future direction of research on NCD‐based materials in this booming field are also discussed.
Full‐wave analysis of traveling pulses developed in a system of transmission lines with regularly spaced resonant‐tunneling diodes
Authors: Narahara Koichi , Maezawa Koichi 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIn a system of transmission lines with regularly spaced resonant‐tunneling diodes (RTDs), where several straight RTD lines are connected halfway to a closed RTD line, a pulse‐shaped rotary traveling wave develops on the closed line by mutual synchronization of the oscillatory edge developed in each straight RTD line. The oscillating edge on each straight line is synchronized with the traveling pulse, such that the system has the potential to generate multiphase oscillatory signals in millimeter‐wave frequencies. To examine the dynamics of traveling pulses at such high frequencies, the system is modeled in the framework of the finite‐difference time‐domain method. It is found that a traveling pulse develops in the closed RTD line synchronized with the oscillatory edges moving in the straight lines, assuming a microstrip structure for each RTD line. We then compare the results of the finite‐difference time‐domain calculation with those predicted by the transmission line theory with parameter values obtained by the quasi‐transverse electromagnetic estimation. In addition, the RTD line that compactly confines the electromagnetic fields is shown to have the potential to generate multiphase oscillatory signals at submillimeter‐wave frequencies.