bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On optimal betting strategies with multiple mutually exclusive outcomes
Authors: Whelan Karl 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe examine the problem of how much risk‐averse agents would be willing to bet on events where there are multiple possible winners but only one will actually win. We describe how this problem can be solved for concave utility functions and illustrate the properties of the solution. The optimal betting strategy is more aggressive than strategies derived from considering each outcome separately such as the Kelly criterion. The strategy also recommends sometimes placing bets with negative expected returns because they act as hedges against losses on other bets. While this strategy maximizes the bettor's subjective expected utility, if betting odds incorporate a profit margin and reflect underlying probabilities correctly, then this more aggressive approach loses more money and results in lower realized utility.
An adenosinergic positive feedback loop extends pharmacological cardioprotection duration
Authors: Wölkart Gerald , Gissing Simon , Stessel Heike , Fassett Erin K. , Klösch Burkhard , Greene Robert W. , Mayer Bernd , Fassett John T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeAdenosine receptor activation induces delayed, sustained cardioprotection against ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury (24–72 h), but the mechanisms underlying extended cardioprotection duration remain unresolved. We hypothesized that a positive feedback loop involving adenosine receptor‐induced proteasomal degradation of adenosine kinase (ADK) and decreased myocardial adenosine metabolism extends the duration of cardioprotection.Experimental ApproachMice were administered an ADK inhibitor, ABT‐702, to induce endogenous adenosine signalling. Cardiac ADK protein and mRNA levels were analysed 24–120 h later. Theophylline or bortezomib was administered 24 h after ABT‐702 to examine the late roles of adenosine receptors or proteasomal activity, respectively, in ADK expression and cardioprotection at 72 h. Coronary flow and IR tolerance were analysed by Langendorff technique. The potential for continuous adenosinergic cardioprotection was examined using heterozygous, cardiac‐specific ADK KO (cADK+/−) mice. Cardiac ADK expression was also examined after A1 or A3 receptor agonist, phenylephrine, lipopolysaccharide or sildenafil administration.Key resultsABT‐702 treatment decreased ADK protein content and provided cardioprotection from 24 to 72 h. ADK mRNA upregulation restored ADK protein after 96–120 h. Adenosine receptor or proteasome inhibition at 24 h reversed ABT‐702‐induced ADK protein deficit and cardioprotection at 72 h. cADK+/− hearts exhibited continuous cardioprotection. Diverse preconditioning agents also diminished cardiac ADK protein expression.Conclusion and ImplicationsA positive feedback loop driven by adenosine receptor‐induced ADK degradation and renewed adenosine signalling extends the duration of cardioprotection by ABT‐702 and possibly other preconditioning agents. The therapeutic potential of continuous adenosinergic cardioprotection is demonstrated in cADK+/− hearts.
Die fünfte Auflage der WHO‐Klassifikation – Was ist neu für kutane Lymphome?
Authors: Melchers Susanne , Albrecht Jana D. , Kempf Werner , Nicolay Jan P. 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie kürzlich veröffentlichte fünfte Ausgabe der „World Health Organization classification of hematolymphoid tumors: lymphoid neoplasms“ bietet eine Umstrukturierung der Hierarchie der Entitäten. Im Allgemeinen wurden neue (definitive) Entitäten sowie tumorähnliche Läsionen aufgenommen.Die primären kutanen B‐Zell‐Lymphome (CBCL) wurden einer gründlichen Revision unterzogen. Es wurde eine neue Klasse/Familie von kutanen Follikelzentrumslymphomen definiert. Das primäre kutane Marginalzonen‐Lymphom stellt nun eine eigenständige Entität unabhängig vom extranodalen Marginalzonen‐Lymphom des Mukosa‐assoziierten lymphatischen Gewebes dar. Beim primären kutanen T‐Zell‐Lymphom wurden frühere provisorische Entitäten zu definitiven Entitäten aufgewertet. Das Sézary‐Syndrom wurde in die Klasse/Familie der reifen T‐Zell‐ und NK‐Zell‐Leukämien eingeordnet. Darüber hinaus wurde eine neue Entität, das primäre kutane periphere T‐Zell‐Lymphom, NOS, für CTCL‐Entitäten geschaffen, die sich nicht in den bereits beschriebenen CTCL‐Entitäten zuordnen lassen.Die zunehmende Bedeutung genomischer und molekularer Eigenschaften wurde bereits bei der Klassifizierung von Leukämien und systemischen Lymphomen erkannt. Bei PCL ist die genomische Landschaft jedoch noch nicht vollständig beschrieben und validiert. Daher sind künftige Forschungsprojekte erforderlich, um die den Krankheitsentitäten zugrunde liegenden genomischen und molekularen Mechanismen genauer zu untersuchen. Hierfür besteht ein Bedarf in der Diagnostik und dies wäre ein wertvoller Beitrag zu künftigen Klassifikationsschemata.
Retrospektive Studie zum postoperativen Überleben von Patienten mit keratinozytärem Hautkrebs am Lebensende
Authors: Ahmadipour Mahya , Kitzwögerer Melitta , Trautinger Franz 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleBasalzell‐ (BCC) und Plattenepithelkarzinome (SCC), die unter der Bezeichnung keratinozytäre Hauttumoren (keratinocyte‐derived skin cancer, KC) zusammengefasst werden, sind weltweit die häufigsten Krebsarten beim Menschen. Die chirurgische Behandlung ist die Therapie der Wahl, kann aber bei sehr alten Patienten eine Übertherapie darstellen. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Lebenserwartung von Patienten über 80 Jahren nach einer Operation zu untersuchen.Patienten und MethodikAn der Abteilung für Dermatologie und Venerologie des Universitätsklinikums St. Pölten, Österreich, wurde eine monozentrische, retrospektive Studie mit zwischen dem 01.01.2011 und dem 31.12.2017 chirurgisch behandelten KC‐Patienten, die zum Operationszeitpunkt 80 Jahre oder älter waren, durchgeführt. Die Daten zum individuellen Überleben (Stichtag 30. April 2020), zum Todesdatum und zur Todesursache wurden aus der österreichischen Bevölkerungsdatenbank der Statistik Austria (Wien) entnommen.Ergebnisse940 Patienten (450 Frauen, 490 Männer, 639 BCC, 301 SCC) wurden eingeschlossen, von denen 307 zum Stichtag noch lebten. Die mediane postoperative Überlebenszeit betrug 57 Monate (95%‐KI: 54–63 Monate).SchlussfolgerungenMit einer medianen postoperativen Überlebenszeit von fast 5 Jahren bleibt die Operation eine valide Behandlungsoption für KC am Lebensende. Allerdings starben 77 der behandelten Patienten innerhalb eines Jahres nach der Operation und eine bessere präoperative Beurteilung des Sterberisikos hätte in einigen dieser Fälle möglicherweise dazu beigetragen, eine Überbehandlung zu vermeiden.
Adaptation and Biomechanical Performance of Custom‐Fit Mouthguards Produced Using Conventional and Digital Workflows: A Comparative In Vitro Strain Analysis
Authors: Rondon Airin Karelys Avendaño , Lozada Maribí Isomar Terán , Cordeiro Izabela Batista , Bandeira Paulo Cesar Junqueira , Levin Liran , Soares Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira , Soares Carlos José 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackground/ObjectivesThe use of different models for the fabrication of custom‐fit mouthguards (MTGs) can affect their final thickness, adaptation, and shock‐absorption properties. This study aimed to evaluate the adaptation, thickness, and shock absorption of ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) thermoplastic MTGs produced using conventional plaster or three‐dimensional (3D) printed models.Materials and MethodsA typical model with simulated soft gum tissue was used as the reference model to produce MTGs with the following two different protocols: plast‐MTG using a conventional impression and plaster model (n = 10) and 3DPr‐MTG using a digital scanning and 3D printed model (n = 10). A custom‐fit MTG was fabricated using EVA sheets (Bioart) plasticized over different models. The MTG thickness (mm), internal adaptation (mm) to the typodontic model, and voids in the area (mm2) between the two EVA layers were measured using cone‐beam computed tomography images and Mimics software (Materialize). The shock absorption of the MTG was measured using a strain‐gauge test with a pendulum impact at 30° with a steel ball over the typodont model with and without MTGs. Data were analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance with repeated measurements, followed by Tukey's post hoc tests.ResultsThe 3DPr‐MTG showed better adaptation than that of the Plast‐MTG at the incisal/occlusal and lingual tooth surfaces (p < 0.001). The 3DPr‐MTG showed a thickness similar to that of the Plast‐MTG, irrespective of the measured location. MTGs produced using both model types significantly reduced the strain values during horizontal impact (3DPr‐MTG 86.2% and Plast‐MTG 87.0%) compared with the control group without MTG (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe MTGs showed the required standards regarding thickness, adaptation, and biomechanical performance, suggesting that the number and volume of voids had no significant impact on their functionality. Three‐dimensional printed models are a viable alternative for MTG production, providing better adaptation than the Plast‐MTG at the incisal/occlusal and lingual tooth surfaces and similar performance as the MTG produced with the conventional protocol.
The Best of Two Worlds: Using Stacked Generalisation for Integrating Expert Range Maps in Species Distribution Models
Authors: Oeser Julian , Zurell Damaris , Mayer Frieder , Çoraman Emrah , Toshkova Nia , Deleva Stanimira , Natradze Ioseb , Benda Petr , Ghazaryan Astghik , Irmak Sercan , Hasanov Nijat , Guliyeva Gulnar , Gritsina Mariya , Kuemmerle Tobias 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are powerful tools for assessing suitable habitats across large areas and at fine spatial resolution. Yet, the usefulness of SDMs for mapping species' realised distributions is often limited since data biases or missing information on dispersal barriers or biotic interactions hinder them from accurately delineating species' range limits. One way to overcome this limitation is to integrate SDMs with expert range maps, which provide coarse‐scale information on the extent of species' ranges and thereby range limits that are complementary to information offered by SDMs.InnovationHere, we propose a new approach for integrating expert range maps in SDMs based on an ensemble method called stacked generalisation. Specifically, our approach relies on training a meta‐learner regression model using predictions from one or more SDM algorithms alongside the distance of training points to expert‐defined ranges as predictor variables. We demonstrate our approach with an occurrence dataset for 49 bat species covering four biodiversity hotspots in the Eastern Mediterranean, Western Asia and Central Asia.Main ConclusionsOur approach offers a flexible method to integrate expert range maps with any combination of SDM modelling algorithms, thus facilitating the use of algorithm ensembles. In addition, it provides a novel, data‐driven way to account for uncertainty in expert‐defined ranges not requiring prior knowledge about their accuracy, which is often lacking. Integrating expert range maps into SDMs for bats resulted in more realistic predictions of distribution patterns that showed narrower niche breadths and smaller range overlaps between species compared to traditional SDMs. Our approach holds promise to improve assessments of species distributions, while our work highlights the overlooked potential of stacked generalisation as an ensemble method in species distribution modelling.
Potassium fertilization and defoliation intensity effects on forage characteristics of “BRS Zuri” guineagrass
Authors: Cunha Stefane , Vendramini Joao M. B. , Lazarin Joao , Dos Santos Antonio C. , Silveira Maria L. , Miotto Fabricia R. C. , Alencar Nayara M. , Moriel Philipe , Dubeux Jose Carlos B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different potassium (K) fertilization levels and defoliation intensities on performance of “BRS Zuri” guineagrass Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K. Simon & S.W.L Jacobs (syn. Panicum maximum Jacq.). Treatments were the factorial arrangement of three K fertilization levels: 0 (control), 40, 80 kg K2O/ha/harvest) and two defoliation intensities (10‐ and 20‐cm stubble heights), distributed in a completely randomized design with five replications. The experiment was conducted in Araguaina, TO, Brazil, from October to January, 2020–2021 and 2021–2022. Plots were harvested four times per year with 21‐day regrowth interval. The 40 and 80 kg K2O/ha/harvest fertilization levels had greater HA than the control (5490 vs. 3,440 kg DM/ha, respectively). There was a K fertilization level × stubble height interaction on tiller population. There was greater tiller population at 20‐ than 10‐cm stubble height at 40 kg K2O/ha/harvest; however, no effect of stubble height was detected at 0 and 80 kg K2O/ha/harvest. Plots fertilized with 80 kg K2O/ha/harvest had greater tiller population than 40 kg K2O/ha/harvest, which was greater than control. Forage harvested at 10 cm had greater crude protein (CP) than 20‐cm stubble height (mean = 11.4% vs. 10.8%). Tissue K concentration increased from control to 40 kg K2O/ha/harvest, but there was no difference between 40 and 80 kg K2O/ha/harvest (mean = 1.1% vs. 3.5%). The combination of 40 kg K2O/ha/harvest and 20‐cm stubble height may be a desirable management strategy to promote Zuri guineagrass productivity in tropical regions.
Hepatic Mac2‐BP expression depends on liver fibrosis and inflammation due to fat accumulation in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Uojima Haruki , Tsujikawa Hanako , Yamazaki Ken , Sugiyama Masaya , Take Akira , Sakaguchi Yoshihiko , Gotoh Kazuyoshi , Satoh Takashi , Hidaka Hisashi , Hayashi Shunji , Kusano Chika , Sakamoto Michiie , Mizokami Masashi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimData on the upregulation of Mac‐2 binding protein (M2BP) expression associated with fat accumulation in the liver are limited. Therefore, we aimed to assess the relationship between hepatic M2BP expression and changes in the liver microenvironment due to fat accumulation in patients with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).MethodsLiver specimens obtained from 46 patients with MASLD were subjected to immunohistochemical staining to visualize M2BP expression in the liver. The staining intensity in the hepatocytes and sinusoidal cells was classified as high or low grade. First, the correlation between hepatic M2BP expression and microenvironmental changes caused by fat accumulation was examined. Then, the influence of hepatic M2BP expression on serum M2BP glycosylation isomer levels in patients with MASLD was evaluated.ResultsThe staining grade of M2BP was higher in the sinusoidal cells than in the hepatocytes (p = 0.015). The patients with high staining grade in their hepatocytes had more severe lobular inflammation than those with low staining grade (p = 0.037). Additionally, the patients with high staining grade in their sinusoidal cells presented more severe fibrosis than those with low staining grade (p = 0.018). The staining grade in the hepatocytes correlated positively with serum M2BP glycosylation isomer levels (p = 0.023), whereas no correlation was observed between sinusoidal staining grade and serum M2BP glycosylation isomer levels (p = 0.393).ConclusionsFat accumulation in patients with MASLD leads to M2BP expression in hepatocytes due to liver inflammation and that in sinusoidal cells due to fibrosis.
The effect of degeneration of elastic fibres on loss of elasticity and wrinkle formation
Authors: Kondo Shinya , Ozawa Naoko , Sakurai Tetsuhito 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveSkin elasticity, which is vital for a youthful appearance, depends on the elastic fibres in the dermis. However, these fibres deteriorate with ageing, resulting in wrinkles and sagging. Changes that occur in the elastic fibres in living human skin and the relationship between elastic fibres and the state of the skin surface remain unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to verify the relationship between elastic fibres and skin elasticity. In this study, we investigated the association of the elastic fibre structure with skin elasticity and stratum corneum protein content in living human skin.MethodsThirty‐five female volunteers aged 25–66 years were included in this study. Elastic fibres were observed using a multiphoton scanning laser biomicroscope. Skin elasticity was measured using a Cutometer, and stratum corneum proteins (Heat‐shock protein 27 [HSP27] and galectin‐7 [Gal‐7]) in tape‐stripped samples were analysed using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsElastic fibres exhibited increased curvature and thickness with increased age, with fragmentation observed in women aged >60 years. Elastin scores, which reflect thinness and curvature, were negatively correlated with age, whereas they were positively correlated with R7 elasticity (recovery ability). In individuals aged 20–30 years, higher levels of inflammatory markers (HSP27 and Gal‐7) correlated with lower elastin scores; however, this trend was not observed in older participants.ConclusionElastic fibre deterioration worsened after 40 years of age, and this effect correlated with reduced skin recovery and increased wrinkles. In younger individuals, inflammatory markers affected elastic fibres. These findings can guide anti‐ageing strategies that focus on elastic fibre preservation and inflammation control.
Piezo‐biphasic scaffold based on polycaprolactone containing BaTiO3 and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles using three‐dimensional printing for bone regeneration
Authors: Salehi Sadati Roza , Eslami Hossein , Rafienia Mohammad , Ansari Mojtaba 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present study intends to establish biphasic composite scaffolds containing polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) and PCL/barium titanate (PCL/BT) layers with improved mechanical and biological properties by preserving HA and tuning BT contents. The porous piezo‐biphasic scaffolds were fabricated, using extrusion three‐dimensional printer technology, and on the basis of the scanning electron microscopy results, a relative porosity of 210–250 µm was created. The presence of BT phase in the biphasic scaffolds was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analyses. The printed biphasic composites demonstrate suitable mechanical strength compared to one containing only 35% PCL and 65% HA compositions, which had a strength of 2.5 MPa. However, the strength for 80% BT‐incorporated biphasic composite was almost 13.5 times higher than that of monolithic specimen. The measured output voltages for the scaffolds after being subjected to an electric field affirmed that adding BT nanoparticles in biphasic composites leads to an increase in the output voltage that was lower compared to the monolithic scaffold. The piezo‐biphasic scaffold containing 80% BT is found to possess the highest enhancement in cytocompatibility for MG63 cells with the survival rate of approximately 95%, rendering the PCL/HA–PCL/BT biphasic scaffolds promising candidates for bone regeneration.
Exploring the therapeutic and prophylactic potential of bedaquiline in leprosy
Authors: Khera Himanshi , Narang Tarun , Sharma Apoorva , Malhotra Samir , Kumar Vimal , Chhabra Seema , Khan A. M. , Suri Vikas , Dogra Sunil , Shafiq Nusrat 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLeprosy remains a significant public health concern despite major strides in treatment and control efforts. The Global Leprosy Strategy 2021–2030 and the National Strategic Plan for Leprosy 2023–2027 majorly focus on facilitating action to reach the goal of zero leprosy. Exploration of new treatment regimens is emphasized as one of the verticals of the multipronged approach for reaching the aforementioned goals. This becomes particularly pertinent in the wake of growing evidence for resistance to the drugs currently being used in the management of leprosy. Repurposed molecules present a very good approach in this direction. The present review aims to explore the potential of bedaquiline, a drug used for multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis, as a potential addition to the therapeutic armamentarium of leprosy. Through this narrative review, the authors attempt to look into the available proof of concept, clinical evidence, potential risks, and possible ways forward with bedaquiline in leprosy.
Dominance and diversity of archaea in food‐grade salts: insights for histamine degradation in salt‐fermented foods
Authors: Hou Jing , Mao Ya‐Ling , Li Na , Yang Xiao‐Yan , Nwankwo Chidiebele , Cui Heng‐Lin 
Published: September 2024

SummaryHalophilic archaea (haloarchaea) are extremophilic microorganisms that thrive and dominate in hypersaline environments, including salt and salt‐fermented foods. Haloarchaea present in salt are integral to the safety of salt‐fermented foods. In this study, haloarchaeal communities in seven food‐grade coarse sea salts, commonly used in salt‐fermented food production, were studied. q‐PCR results showed that archaea represented the dominant group in all samples, with relative abundances above 83%. Archaeal 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing identified thirty‐three of the current eighty‐five genera within the class Halobacteria across the samples, revealing unique haloarchaeal community compositions. A total of 394 haloarchaeal strains, grouped into forty‐one species from twenty current genera and potentially novel taxa, were isolated. Archaeal community composition in all samples varied significantly among genera. Notably, a significant proportion of the haloarchaeal strains demonstrated histamine degradation capabilities, confirmed by bioinformatic analyses and culture‐based methods. Our results indicated that haloarchaea from salt can potentially serve as starter cultures for salt‐fermented foods, maintaining low histamine levels.
Rise of long‐distance urology transfer during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Identifying factors to enhance transfers of care efficiency and clinical outcomes
Authors: Lin Fangyi , Vaserman Grigori , Spencer Evan , Choudhury Muhammad , Phillips John 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to identify variables associated with clinical outcomes after urologic transfers before and during the COVID pandemic.MethodsAfter IRB approval, a retrospective chart review was performed on adult patients transferred to our institution from 01/01/2018 to 12/31/2019 (“pre‐COVID”) and from 01/02/2020 to 12/31/2022 (“COVID”). We identified demographics, origin hospitals, ICD‐10 pre‐ and post‐transfer diagnoses, distance of transfer, and post‐transfer CPT codes.ResultsDuring the study period, our adult urology service accepted 160 transfers with a mean patient age of 71 years. A total of 49/160 (30%) of subjects made up the “pre‐COVID” cohort and 111/160 (70%) made up the “COVID” cohort. There were 11/111 (10%) transfers of >100 miles in the COVID period but 0/49 in the pre‐COVID period (p = 0.02). Patients from the COVID period waited on average 1.2 days longer for a procedure after transfer compared to pre‐COVID period (p = 0.03). The time until a patient's surgical procedure after transfer was a significant predictor of length of stay > 5 days (OR 1.91, CI 1.43 – 2.58, p < 0.01). Different diagnosis upon re‐evaluation after transfer was associated with a decreased rate of subsequent readmission (OR 0.30, CI 0.09–0.97, p = 0.05).ConclusionsLong‐distance transfer, even >100 miles (which we termed “mega‐transfers”), was a new pandemic‐related phenomenon at our institution. Delays in definitive care and changes in diagnoses after transfer were associated with readmission and length of stay. Our findings illustrate the importance of inter‐institutional communication, diagnostic accuracy, and post discharge planning when managing transfer patients.