bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptualising holiness in the Gospel of John: The mode and objectives of holiness (part 1)
Authors: Van der Merwe Dirk 
Published: February 2017

This article investigates the code of holiness as well as the objectives of holiness in the Gospel of John. The en route to holiness will be dealt with in a following article, ‘Conceptualizing holiness in the Gospel of John: the en route to holiness and the character of holiness (Part 2)’. In the Gospel of John, the holiness of the trinity constitutes the theological environment for the code of holiness and forms the basis for the exhortation to holiness. The code of holiness is described in the light of the interaction of three levels of relationships: the unity between Father and the Son as the example of holiness, the unity between Jesus and the disciples as the basis for holiness and the unity among the disciples as the inducting objective for holiness. For the Fourth Evangelist, the objective of holiness is fourfold: The first objective is to constitute a unity among the followers of Jesus (17:20–23), although it is not explicitly defined in this context. The second objective refers to the preparation of Jesus’ disciples to continue Jesus’ mission. The third objective for holiness is that the world (ὁ κόσμος) may believe (πιστεύῃ) and may know (γινώσκῃ) that God has sent his Son (ὅτι σύ με ἀπέστειλας) (17:20–23). The fourth and the ultimate objective is the glorification of God (17:4).
Nonconforming Finite Element Methods for Wave Propagation in Metamaterials
Authors: Yao Changhui , Wang Lixiu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, nonconforming mixed finite element method is proposed to simulate the wave propagation in metamaterials. The error estimate of the semi-discrete scheme is given by convergence order O(h2), which is less than 40 percent of the computational costs comparing with the same effect by using Nédélec-Raviart element. A Crank-Nicolson full discrete scheme is also presented with O(τ2 + h2) by traditional discrete formula without using penalty method. Numerical examples of 2D TE, TM cases and a famous re-focusing phenomena are shown to verify our theories.
Generalized Accelerated Hermitian and Skew-Hermitian Splitting Methods for Saddle-Point Problems
Authors: Pour H. Noormohammadi , Goughery H. Sadeghi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe generalize the accelerated Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting (AHSS) iteration methods for large sparse saddle-point problems. These methods involve four iteration parameters whose special choices can recover the preconditioned HSS and accelerated HSS iteration methods. Also a new efficient case is introduced and we theoretically prove that this new method converges to the unique solution of the saddle-point problem. Numerical experiments are used to further examine the effectiveness and robustness of iterations.
Phaseless Imaging by Reverse Time Migration: Acoustic Waves
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Huang Guanghui 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe propose a reliable direct imaging method based on the reverse time migration for finding extended obstacles with phaseless total field data. We prove that the imaging resolution of the method is essentially the same as the imaging results using the scattering data with full phase information when the measurement is far away from the obstacle. The imaginary part of the cross-correlation imaging functional always peaks on the boundary of the obstacle. Numerical experiments are included to illustrate the powerful imaging quality
Analysis of a Streamline-Diffusion Finite Element Method on Bakhvalov-Shishkin Mesh for Singularly Perturbed Problem
Authors: Yin Yunhui , Zhu Peng , Wang Bin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a bilinear Streamline-Diffusion finite element method on Bakhvalov-Shishkin mesh for singularly perturbed convection – diffusion problem is analyzed. The method is shown to be convergent uniformly in the perturbation parameter ∈ provided only that ∈ ≤ N–1. An convergent rate in a discrete streamline-diffusion norm is established under certain regularity assumptions. Finally, through numerical experiments, we verified the theoretical results.
Chemical characterization of fine particulate matter in Changzhou, China, and source apportionment with offline aerosol mass spectrometry
Authors: Ye Zhaolian , Liu Jiashu , Gu Aijun , Feng Feifei , Liu Yuhai , Bi Chenglu , Xu Jianzhong , Li Ling , Chen Hui , Chen Yanfang , Dai Liang , Zhou Quanfa , Ge Xinlei 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Knowledge of aerosol chemistry in densely populated regions is critical for effective reduction of air pollution, while such studies have not been conducted in Changzhou, an important manufacturing base and populated city in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China. This work, for the first time, performed a thorough chemical characterization on the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples, collected during July 2015 to April 2016 across four seasons in this city. A suite of analytical techniques was employed to measure the organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs), trace elements, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5; in particular, an Aerodyne soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was deployed to probe the chemical properties of water-soluble organic aerosol (WSOA). The average PM2.5 concentration was found to be 108.3 µg m−3, and all identified species were able to reconstruct ∼ 80 % of the PM2.5 mass. The WSIIs occupied about half of the PM2.5 mass (∼ 52.1 %), with SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ as the major ions. On average, nitrate concentrations dominated over sulfate (mass ratio of 1.21), indicating that traffic emissions were more important than stationary sources. OC and EC correlated well with each other and the highest OC ∕ EC ratio (5.16) occurred in winter, suggesting complex OC sources likely including both secondary and primary ones. Concentrations of eight trace elements (Mn, Zn, Al, B, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb) can contribute up to ∼ 5.0 % of PM2.5 during winter. PAH concentrations were also high in winter (140.25 ng m−3), which were predominated by median/high molecular weight PAHs with five and six rings. The organic matter including both water-soluble and water-insoluble species occupied ∼ 21.5 % of the PM2.5 mass. SP-AMS determined that the WSOA had average atomic oxygen-to-carbon (O ∕ C), hydrogen-to-carbon (H ∕ C), nitrogen-to-carbon (N ∕ C), and organic matter-to-organic carbon (OM ∕ OC) ratios of 0.54, 1.69, 0.11, and 1.99, respectively. Source apportionment of WSOA further identified two secondary OA (SOA) factors (a less oxidized and a more oxidized oxygenated OA) and two primary OA (POA) factors (a nitrogen-enriched hydrocarbon-like traffic OA and a local primary OA likely including species from cooking, coal combustion, etc.). On average, the POA contribution outweighed SOA (55 % vs. 45 %), indicating the important role of local anthropogenic emissions in the aerosol pollution in Changzhou. Our measurement also shows the abundance of organic nitrogen species in WSOA, and the source analyses suggest these species are likely associated with traffic emissions, which warrants more investigations on PM samples from other locations.
Rapid surface-water volume estimations in beaver ponds
Authors: Karran Daniel J. , Westbrook Cherie J. , Wheaton Joseph M. , Johnston Carol A. , Bedard-Haughn Angela 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Beaver ponds are surface-water features that are transient through space and time. Such qualities complicate the inclusion of beaver ponds in local and regional water balances, and in hydrological models, as reliable estimates of surface-water storage are difficult to acquire without time- and labour-intensive topographic surveys. A simpler approach to overcome this challenge is needed, given the abundance of the beaver ponds in North America, Eurasia, and southern South America. We investigated whether simple morphometric characteristics derived from readily available aerial imagery or quickly measured field attributes of beaver ponds can be used to approximate surface-water storage among the range of environmental settings in which beaver ponds are found. Studied were a total of 40 beaver ponds from four different sites in North and South America. The simplified volume–area–depth (V–A–h) approach, originally developed for prairie potholes, was tested. With only two measurements of pond depth and corresponding surface area, this method estimated surface-water storage in beaver ponds within 5 % on average. Beaver pond morphometry was characterized by a median basin coefficient of 0.91, and dam length and pond surface area were strongly correlated with beaver pond storage capacity, regardless of geographic setting. These attributes provide a means for coarsely estimating surface-water storage capacity in beaver ponds. Overall, this research demonstrates that reliable estimates of surface-water storage in beaver ponds only requires simple measurements derived from aerial imagery and/or brief visits to the field. Future research efforts should be directed at incorporating these simple methods into both broader beaver-related tools and catchment-scale hydrological models.
Educational differences in awareness and use of the outpatient smoking cessation services program in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Ying-Ting , Sung Hai-Yen , Tsai Yi-Wen 
Published: February 2017

Background: To reduce educational inequalities in smoking, it is important that smoking cessation services can reach lesseducated smokers. Studies on inequalities in awareness or use of smoking cessation services from Asian are lacking. This study assesses educational differences in awareness and use of a nationwide outpatient smoking cessation program in Taiwan.Methods: A total of 6,461 current smokers aged 25-64 was drawn from cross-sectional nationwide data of the 2012-2014 Adult Smoking Behaviour Survey. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between education and program awareness among current smokers and the association between education and program utilization among current smokers who were aware of the program and attempted to quit in the past 12 months.Results: About 27% of current smokers were aware of the program. The odds of being aware of the program were higher for high school graduates (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.02-1.86) and those with at least a college degree (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.33-2.70), compared to those with middle school or less education. About a quarter of those who were aware of the program and attempted to quit have used the program. There were no educational differences in program utilization.Conclusions: Given the educational inequalities in awareness of the outpatient program, tobacco-control policies should develop strategies to reach less educated smokers and overcome such inequalities.
La construcción de la introducción y la conclusión del género “ponencia” en el marco de un taller de escritura académica
Authors: Álvarez Álvarez Manuela , Velasco Luzuriaga Erlantz , Boillos Pereira Mari Mar 
Published: February 2017

Este trabajo se centra en el estudio de las secciones introducción y conclusiones de una ponencia producida por estudiantes de doctorado españoles en el contexto de un taller de escritura académica. Su objetivo es analizar la construcción retórica de ambas secciones, a través del modelo teórico Swalesiano basado en el análisis de movimientos, pasos y subpasos. En el<br />caso de las introducciones se toma la propuesta de Carbonell-Olivares, Gil-Salom y Soler-Monreal (2009), mientras que para la sección de conclusiones se emplea el modelo de Yag y Alison (2003). Los resultados de esta investigación en el caso de las introducciones refrendan los datos de otros estudios donde los movimientos 1 (M1) y 3 (M3) se consolidan como movimientos obligatorios en trabajos de escritores españoles; pero, además, se revela<br />que el establecimiento de la temática tiene un mayor despliegue informativo que la presentación de la propia investigación lo que indica una menor atención del escritor a la originalidad e importancia de su trabajo. En el caso de las conclusiones se observa una mayor integración al modelo prototípico de los tres movimientos establecidos para dicha sección (M1-M2-M3) y se manifiesta una importante conciencia del escritor por el despliegue de información relativa al resumen y valoración de los resultados (M1 y M2).
Diseño de una plantilla electrónica de evaluación de sedes web científicas para la creación de recursos de enseñanza-aprendizaje (alemán-inglés-español)
Authors: Seghiri Miriam 
Published: February 2017

A día de hoy las herramientas de procesamiento de lenguaje natural (PLN) para la creación automática o semiautomática de herramientas de enseñanza-aprendizaje se basan, en su práctica totalidad, en corpus de textos descargados de la red Internet. Tal es el caso de la plataforma de<br />enseñanza-aprendizaje trilingüe (alemán-inglés-español) para personal científico y sanitario desarrollada en el proyecto europeo TELL-ME. A la hora de realizar búsquedas en la red con objeto de compilar un corpus, será imprescindible asegurar la fiabilidad de la muestra compilada<br />para garantizar, a su vez, la calidad de los recursos que se implementen a partir de ella. Para ello es necesario la selección de unos parámetros e indicadores claros que tengan en cuenta las necesidades informativas del usuario (según el grado de especialidad), el tiempo del que se disponga para realizar dicho análisis así como el volumen de datos objeto de análisis. Una<br />vez seleccionados, se puede proceder a la implementación de una plantilla electrónica para la evaluación de sedes web científicas en línea a partir de la cual se compilará el corpus para la creación de recursos de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Hegemonía cultural del tener frente al ser: expresiones mediáticas y educativas
Authors: Riádigos Mosquera Carlos 
Published: February 2017

En sistemas de organización social basados en la acumulación de capital, las diferentes expresiones culturales que surgen dentro de ellos se ven influenciadas por ésta, de forma que lo que se investiga, piensa, cree y educa es mediado por parámetros basados en el lucro. Así, algunos ejes clave sobre los cuales el ser humano articula su pensamiento y acción<br />están en creciente proceso de mutación, progresivamente consolidados sobre un esquema de ideas que en este texto será relacionado con la cultura hegemónica del tener, con potencial vertebrador y que se impone sobre otra basada en el ser, lo que aquí es relacionado con necesidades<br />y expresiones humanas existenciales que van más allá de la acumulación material. A través de la discusión teórica, el objetivo perseguido es repensar cómo mecanismos de aculturación tan importantes como los medios de comunicación o la educación influyen y son influidos por paradigmas de pensamiento profundamente arraigados y relacionados con la propiedad como<br />elemento constituyente, para imaginar la reconstrucción de otros enfocados en necesidades humanas más amplias y relacionadas con aspectos inmateriales y sociales.
Optimizing multiple reliable forward contracts for reservoir allocation using multitime scale streamflow forecasts
Authors: Lu Mengqian , Lall Upmanu , Robertson Andrew W. , Cook Edward 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStreamflow forecasts at multiple time scales provide a new opportunity for reservoir management to address competing objectives. Market instruments such as forward contracts with specified reliability are considered as a tool that may help address the perceived risk associated with the use of such forecasts in lieu of traditional operation and allocation strategies. A water allocation process that enables multiple contracts for water supply and hydropower production with different durations, while maintaining a prescribed level of flood risk reduction, is presented. The allocation process is supported by an optimization model that considers multitime scale ensemble forecasts of monthly streamflow and flood volume over the upcoming season and year, the desired reliability and pricing of proposed contracts for hydropower and water supply. It solves for the size of contracts at each reliability level that can be allocated for each future period, while meeting target end of period reservoir storage with a prescribed reliability. The contracts may be insurable, given that their reliability is verified through retrospective modeling. The process can allow reservoir operators to overcome their concerns as to the appropriate skill of probabilistic forecasts, while providing water users with short‐term and long‐term guarantees as to how much water or energy they may be allocated. An application of the optimization model to the Bhakra Dam, India, provides an illustration of the process. The issues of forecast skill and contract performance are examined. A field engagement of the idea is useful to develop a real‐world perspective and needs a suitable institutional environment.
Intramolecular Carbonylative C–H Functionalization of 1,2,3‐ Triazoles for the Synthesis of Triazolo[1,5‐a]indolones
Authors: Veryser Cedrick , Steurs Gert , Van Meervelt Luc , De Borggraeve Wim M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study presents a synthesis of 4H‐[1,2,3]triazolo[1,5‐a]indol‐4‐ones. The key step in the synthesis of this new heterocyclic scaffold is an intramolecular cyclization via an unprecedented carbonylative C–H functionalization of 1‐(2‐bromoaryl)‐1,2,3‐triazoles. Isotopic labelling of the carbonyl carbon atom is possible using near stoichiometric amounts of 13CO. Additionally, an alternative pathway via carbonylative Sonogashira coupling followed by a two‐step, one‐pot azidation/cycloaddition is also investigated, giving rise to the same scaffold.magnified image
A novel fiber‐reinforced silicone rubber composite with Al particles for enhanced dielectric and thermal properties
Authors: Sui Xuezhen , Zhou Wenying , Dong Lina , Wang Zijun , Liu Xiangrong , Zhou Anning , Cai Jiangtao , Chen Qingguo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAluminum (Al) reinforced silicone rubber (SR) composites were prepared, and the effects of the content, particle size, shape, and surface modification of Al particles on the dielectric properties and thermal conductivity of the Al/SRwere investigated. Dielectric permittivity, dissipation factor and thermal conductivity of the Al/SRincrease with increasing the filler content. The dissipation factors still remain at a low level at high filler content because of the insulating alumina shell on the surface of core Al. Decrease in particle size and surface modification of Al can increase the dielectric permittivity and thermal conductivity of the Al/SRcomposites. Compared with spherical Al/SR, the flaky Al/SRcomposites present higher dielectric permittivity and thermal conductivity. Dielectric permittivity and thermal conductivity of the Al/carbon fiber (CF)/SRcomposites reach 72.1 and 2.01 W/m K at 75 wt% of the total filler content, respectively, suggesting that the ternary composites has potential applications in electromechanical actuators because of their high dielectric permittivity and thermal conductivity but low dissipation factor, and good elasticity.
Copper‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Amination/Alkynylative Cycloisomerization Cascade: Facile Access to Ferrocene‐Containing Indolizine Derivatives
Authors: Wu Xinxing , Li Xiaojie , Yang Chunyan , Li Baoguo , Chen Shufeng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of ferrocene‐containing indolizine derivatives via a copper‐catalyzed one‐pot three‐component domino amination/alkynylative cyclization is reported. This transformation proceeds through a copper‐catalyzed coupling of ferrocenylacetylenes with iminiums followed by 5‐endo‐dig cyclization leading to ferrocenyl‐substituted indolizine derivatives in good yields.
Language functional MRI and direct cortical stimulation in epilepsy preoperative planning
Authors: Austermuehle Alison , Cocjin John , Reynolds Richard , Agrawal Shubhi , Sepeta Leigh , Gaillard William D. , Zaghloul Kareem A. , Inati Sara , Theodore William H. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivePresurgical language assessment can help minimize damage to eloquent cortex during resective epilepsy surgery. Two methods for presurgical language mapping are functional MRI (fMRI) and direct cortical stimulation (DCS) of implanted subdural electrodes. We compared fMRI results to DCS to help optimize noninvasive language localization and assess its validity.MethodsWe studied 19 patients referred for presurgical evaluation of drug‐resistant epilepsy. Patients completed four language tasks during preoperative fMRI. After subdural electrode implantation, we used DCS to localize language areas. For each stimulation site, we determined whether language positive electrode pairs intersected with significant fMRI activity clusters for language tasks.ResultsSensitivity and specificity depended on electrode region of interest radii and statistical thresholding. For patients with at least one language positive stimulation site, an auditory description decision task provided the best trade‐off between sensitivity and specificity. For patients with no language positive stimulation sites, fMRI was a dependable method of excluding eloquent language processing.InterpretationLanguage fMRI is an effective tool for determining language lateralization before electrode implantation and is especially useful for excluding unexpected critical language areas. It can help guide subdural electrode implantation and narrow the search for eloquent cortical areas by DCS. Ann Neurol 2017;81:526–537
4,5‐Dimethyl‐2‐Iodoxybenzenesulfonic Acid Catalyzed Site‐Selective Oxidation of 2‐Substituted Phenols to 1,2‐Quinols
Authors: Uyanik Muhammet , Mutsuga Tatsuya , Ishihara Kazuaki 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA site‐selective hydroxylative dearomatization of 2‐substituted phenols to either 1,2‐benzoquinols or their cyclodimers, catalyzed by 4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐iodoxybenzenesulfonic acid with Oxone, has been developed. Natural products such as biscarvacrol and lacinilene C methyl ether could be synthesized efficiently under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, both the reaction rate and site selectivity could be further improved by the introduction of a trialkylsilylmethyl substituent at the 2‐position of phenols. The corresponding 1,2‐quinols could be transformed into various useful structural motifs by [4+2] cycloaddition cascade reactions.