bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of fatty acid-derived oleochemicals and biofuels by synthetic yeast cell factories
Authors: Zhou Yongjin J. , Buijs Nicolaas A. , Zhu Zhiwei , Qin Jiufu , Siewers Verena , Nielsen Jens 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSustainable production of oleochemicals requires establishment of cell factory platform strains. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an attractive cell factory as new strains can be rapidly implemented into existing infrastructures such as bioethanol production plants. Here we show high-level production of free fatty acids (FFAs) in a yeast cell factory, and the production of alkanes and fatty alcohols from its descendants. The engineered strain produces up to 10.4 g l−1 of FFAs, which is the highest reported titre to date. Furthermore, through screening of specific pathway enzymes, endogenous alcohol dehydrogenases and aldehyde reductases, we reconstruct efficient pathways for conversion of fatty acids to alkanes (0.8 mg l−1) and fatty alcohols (1.5 g l−1), to our knowledge the highest titres reported in S. cerevisiae. This should facilitate the construction of yeast cell factories for production of fatty acids derived products and even aldehyde-derived chemicals of high value.
Unrealistically pristine air in the Arctic produced by current global scale models
Authors: Sato Yousuke , Miura Hiroaki , Yashiro Hisashi , Goto Daisuke , Takemura Toshihiko , Tomita Hirofumi , Nakajima Teruyuki 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBlack carbon aerosol (BCA) in the Arctic has profound impacts on the global climate system through radiation processes. Despite its enormous impacts, current global scale models, powerful tools for estimating overall impact, tend to underestimate the levels of BCA in the Arctic over several seasons. Using a global aerosol transport simulation with a horizontal grid resolution of 3.5 km, we determined that a higher resolution significantly reduced the underestimation of BCA levels in the Arctic, mainly due to an enhancement of the representation of low-pressure and frontal systems. The BCA mass loading in the Arctic simulated with 3.5-km grid resolution was 4.2-times larger than that simulated with coarse (56-km) grid resolution. Our results also indicated that grid convergence had not occurred on both the contrast between the cloud/cloud free areas and the poleward BCA mass flux, despite the use of the 3.5-km grid resolution. These results suggest that a global aerosol transport simulation using kilometre-order or finer grid resolution is required for more accurate estimation of the distribution of pollutants in the Arctic.
TLR signals posttranscriptionally regulate the cytokine trafficking mediator sortilin
Authors: Yabe-Wada Toshiki , Matsuba Shintaro , Takeda Kazuya , Sato Tetsuya , Suyama Mikita , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Takai Toshiyuki , Shi Haifeng , Philpott Caroline C. , Nakamura Akira 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRegulating the transcription, translation and secretion of cytokines is crucial for controlling the appropriate balance of inflammation. Here we report that the sorting receptor sortilin plays a key role in cytokine production. We observed interactions of sortilin with multiple cytokines including IFN-α, and sortilin depletion in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) led to a reduction of IFN-α secretion, suggesting a pivotal role of sortilin in the exocytic trafficking of IFN-α in pDCs. Moreover, sortilin mRNA was degraded posttranscriptionally upon stimulation with various TLR ligands. Poly-rC-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) recognized the C-rich element (CRE) in the 3′ UTR of sortilin mRNA, and depletion of PCBP1 enhanced the degradation of sortilin transcripts, suggesting that PCBP1 can act as a trans-acting factor to stabilize sortilin transcripts. The nucleotide-binding ability of PCBP1 was impaired by zinc ions and alterations of intracellular zinc affect sortilin expression. PCBP1 may therefore control the stability of sortilin transcripts by sensing intracellular zinc levels. Collectively, our findings provide insights into the posttranslational regulation of cytokine production through the posttranscriptional control of sortilin expression by TLR signals.
Metallic glassy Zr70Ni20Pd10 powders for improving the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation behavior of MgH2
Authors: El-Eskandarany M. Sherif 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBecause of its low density, storage of hydrogen in the gaseous and liquids states possess technical and economic challenges. One practical solution for utilizing hydrogen in vehicles with proton-exchange fuel cells membranes is storing hydrogen in metal hydrides. Magnesium hydride (MgH2) remains the best hydrogen storage material due to its high hydrogen capacity and low cost of production. Due to its high activation energy and poor hydrogen sorption/desorption kinetics at moderate temperatures, the pure form of MgH2 is usually mechanically treated by high-energy ball mills and catalyzed with different types of catalysts. These steps are necessary for destabilizing MgH2 to enhance its kinetics behaviors. In the present work, we used a small mole fractions (5 wt.%) of metallic glassy of Zr70Ni20Pd10 powders as a new enhancement agent to improve its hydrogenation/dehydrogenation behaviors of MgH2. This short-range ordered material led to lower the decomposition temperature of MgH2 and its activation energy by about 121 °C and 51 kJ/mol, respectively. Complete hydrogenation/dehydrogenation processes were successfully achieved to charge/discharge about 6 wt.%H2 at 100 °C/200 °C within 1.18 min/3.8 min, respectively. In addition, this new nanocomposite system shows high performance of achieving continuous 100 hydrogen charging/discharging cycles without degradation.
Aberrant emotion networks in early major depressive disorder patients: an eigenvector centrality mapping study
Authors: Song Z , Zhang M , Huang P 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious mental disorder that negatively affects the quality of life of many individuals, and is a heavy economic burden to society. In recent years it was thought that depression is a ‘disconnection syndrome’. Disorganized brain activity and un-modulated emotion responses were considered the key neuropathologies underlying depression. In the present study, we investigated the alteration of whole brain network connectivity in 28 first-episode, drug-naive patients, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and a new analytical method called voxel-based eigenvector centrality mapping. We found that compared with normal controls, MDD patients had lower functional connectivity in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus, insula, hippocampus, amygdala and cerebellum, and higher functional connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex. The functional connectivity strength at the right hippocampus (r=−0.413, P=0.032) and the right insula (r=−0.372, P=0.041) negatively correlated with the severity of the disease. We further examined coordination among these regions, and found that frontal–subcortical connection was reduced and insula–medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) connection was increased. These results are consistent with previous hypotheses on the neural mechanism of MDD, and provide further evidence that emotion networks are already interrupted in early stages of depression.
Improving the efficiency of a reconfigurable microstrip patch using magneto‐static field responsive structures
Authors: Iftikhar A. , Parrow J. , Asif S. , Allen J. , Allen M. , Braaten B.D. 
Published: May 2016

A new approach on improving the efficiency of a frequency reconfigurable rectangular microstrip patch antenna using magneto‐static responsive structures (MRSs) is proposed. In particular, a 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm × 0.508 mm volumetric structure consisting of two parallel conducting plates separated by a dielectric material summarises the overall MRS embodiment. The dielectric material has a cylindrical cavity (i.e. drilled cavity) with a diameter of 0.9 mm and is partially filled with conducting particles (i.e. silver‐coated nickel‐based cores) that respond to magneto‐static fields. Then, when a small permanent magnet is placed close to the MRS, the conducting particles form columns orientated in the direction of the field lines and connect the two conducting plates, acting as an RF switch. Next, to demonstrate the benefits of the MRS, the efficiency of a reconfigurable patch antenna is investigated. Finally, for comparison, the MRS‐based reconfigurable antenna is compared with the measured and simulated efficiency of a reconfigurable patch antenna with the same geometry that uses P‐region Intrinsic‐region N‐region (PIN) diodes. It was shown that the MRS‐based design had a much better efficiency (50% larger).
Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: The Mediating Effect of Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Vance David E. , Marson Daniel C. , Triebel Kristen L. , Ball Karlene K. , Wadley Virginia G. , Cody Shameka L. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Depressive symptoms and social networks may influence the relationship between physical activity and cognition. Using structural equation modeling, depressive symptoms and social networks were examined as mediators between physical activity and cognition in community-dwelling older adults (N = 122), with a range of cognitive abilities (e.g., normal, mild cognitive impairment). The model included age, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleeping, social networks, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function. A path was observed between physical activity, depressive symptoms, and cognition; specifically, those who were more physically active experienced less depression and better cognitive functioning. No relationship between social networks and cognition was found. This model fits the data well (goodness-of-fit index = .93, adjusted goodness-of-fit index = .90, root mean square error of approximation = .06). Results suggest that physical activity may mitigate depressive symptoms, with beneficial effects on cognitive functioning in both those with and without mild cognitive impairment. Suggestions for managing depression and improving cognitive functioning are provided.
The role of ascitic fluid viscosity in differentiating the nature of ascites and in the prediction of renal impairment and duration of ICU stay
Authors: Hanafy Amr S. 
Published: May 2016

Background and aim
Serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) has been used in the classification of ascites for the last 20 years but it has some drawbacks. This study searches for possible correlations between ascitic fluid viscosity and the etiology of ascites, renal impairment, and length of ICU stay.

Materials and methods
The study was conducted in Zagazig University Hospital, Egypt. It included 240 patients with ascites due to various causes. The patients were divided into two groups: the cirrhotic ascites group, which included 120 patients, and the noncirrhotic ascites group, which included 120 patients. Ascitic patients on medical management with diuretics, antibiotics, paracentesis, and infusion of plasma or albumin were excluded.
The laboratory analysis included routine investigations to detect the cause of ascites as well as specific investigations such as ascitic fluid viscosity using a falling ball viscosimeter (microviscosimeter) at 37°C.

Results
The mean ascitic viscosity of patients with SAAG at least 1.1 was 1.16±0.56, which was associated with serum creatinine 1.35±0.52 mg/dl and ICU stay of 3.3±1.2 days. In patients with SAAG less than 1.1 g/dl, the mean ascitic viscosity was 2.98±0.87, with serum creatinine 2.1±0.56 mg/dl and ICU stay of 7.1±1.3 days. Ascitic viscosity can discriminate ascites due to portal hypertension from those associated with nonportal hypertension at a cut-off value of 1.65; it can predict renal impairment in hepatic patients at a cut-off of 1.35 and long ICU stay at a cut-off of 1.995 using receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Conclusion
Ascitic viscosity measurement is rapid, inexpensive, and requires small sample volumes. Ascitic viscosity can discriminate ascites due to portal hypertension from those associated with nonportal hypertension at a cut-off value of 1.65. It can predict renal impairment in hepatic patients at a cut-off of 1.35 and long ICU stay at a cut-off of 1.995.
Concomitant Liposuction Reduces Complications of Vertical Medial Thigh Lift in Massive Weight Loss Patients
Authors: Schmidt Manfred , Pollhammer Michael S. , Januszyk Michael , Duscher Dominik , Huemer Georg M. 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Medial thigh lift procedures in the massive weight loss population have been associated with significant complication rates. Liposuction-assisted medial thighplasty has recently been introduced as a technical advancement to improve outcomes. To date, no study is available directly comparing the traditional approach and this new technique. Here, the authors evaluate outcomes and complications of both techniques in a retrospective cohort study.

Methods:
Outcomes of 59 patients undergoing vertical medial thighplasty at the authors’ institution between 2008 and 2014 were assessed retrospectively. Evaluated parameters include age, sex, body mass indices, method of weight loss, comorbidities, and complications (e.g., seroma, infection, wound dehiscence, hematoma, and surgical revision). Appropriate statistical analysis was performed.

Results:
There were 29 patients in the excision-only group and 30 patients in the liposuction-assisted group (all women; average age, 41.5 years). The overall complication rate was significantly reduced in the liposuction-assisted group (13 percent versus 59 percent; p < 0.001). The incidence of individual complications such as seroma formation (zero patients versus 10 patients; p < 0.001) and wound infection (one patient versus eight patients; p = 0.01) was significantly less in the liposuction-assisted group. In addition, we observed a significantly shorter hospital stay (6.0 days versus 7.8 days), reduced number of follow-up visits (2.0 versus 4.4), and reduced time to drain removal (1.8 days versus 4.1 days; p < 0.001) in the liposuction-assisted group.

Conclusions:
Liposuction-assisted medial thighplasty led to a significant reduction of complications and faster recovery in the massive weight loss patient population. As a consequence, the excision-only vertical thigh lift has been completely abandoned in the authors’ clinical practice.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Overview of Auditing for the Busy Rheumatologist
Authors: Huffstutter Jessica G. , Huffstutter J. Eugene 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Medical audits have become commonplace in the United States. A variety of companies service government and private payers to document accuracy of medical services provided as reflected in the medical record. When audited, the physician may not understand the nature of the inquiry, jurisdictions, methods, or purpose. This article gives practicing rheumatologists a reference to learn the types of audits and suggests responses that should minimize the impact of the audit to the practice.
Efficacy and Safety of Levosulpiride Versus Haloperidol Injection in Patients With Acute Psychosis: A Randomized Double-Blind Study
Authors: Lavania Sagar , Praharaj Samir Kumar , Bains Hariender Singh , Sinha Vishal , Kumar Abhinav 
Published: May 2016

Background
Injectable antipsychotics are frequently required for controlling agitation and aggression in acute psychosis. No study has examined the use of injectable levosulpiride for this indication.

Objective
To compare the efficacy and safety of injectable levosulpiride and haloperidol in patients with acute psychosis.

Methods
This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study in which 60 drug-naive patients having acute psychosis were randomly assigned to receive either intramuscular haloperidol (10–20 mg/d) or levosulpiride (25–50 mg/d) for 5 days. All patients were rated on Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Overt Agitation Severity Scale (OASS), Overt Aggression Scale–Modified (OAS-M) scores, Simpson Angus Scale (SAS), and Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS).

Results
Repeated-measures ANOVA for BPRS scores showed significant effect of time (P < 0.001) and a trend toward greater reduction in scores in haloperidol group as shown by group × time interaction (P = 0.076). Repeated-measures ANOVA for OASS showed significant effect of time (P < 0.001) but no group × time interaction. Repeated-measures ANOVA for OAS-M scores showed significant effect of time (P < 0.001) and greater reduction in scores in haloperidol group as shown by group × time interaction (P = 0.032). Lorazepam requirement was much lower in haloperidol group as compared with those receiving levosulpiride (P = 0.022). Higher rates of akathisia and extrapyramidal symptoms were noted in the haloperidol group.

Conclusions
Haloperidol was more effective than levosulpiride injection for psychotic symptoms, aggression, and severity of agitation in acute psychosis, but extrapyramidal adverse effects were less frequent with levosulpiride as compared with those receiving haloperidol.
A precision metric for clinical genome sequencing
Authors: Goldfeder Rachel L. , Ashley Euan A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA requisite precondition for the application of next-generation sequencing to clinical medicine is the ability to confidently call genotype at each coding/splicing position of every gene of interest. Current gold standard technologies, such as Sanger sequencing and microarrays, allow confident identification of the genomic origin of the DNA of interest. A commonly used minimum standard for the adoption of new technology in medicine is non-inferiority. We developed a metric to quantify the extent to which current sequencing technologies reach this clinical grade reporting standard. This metric, the rationale for which we present here, is defined as the absolute number of base pairs per gene not callable with confidence, as specified by the presence of 20 high quality (Q20) bases from uniquely mapped (mapq>0) reads per locus. To illustrate the utility of this metric, we apply it across data from several commercially available clinical sequencing products. We present specific examples of coverage for genes known to be important for clinical medicine. We derive data from a variety of platforms including whole genome sequencing (Illumina Hiseq and X chemistry) and exome capture (including medically optimized capture from Agilent, Baylor Clinical Lab, and Personalis). We observe that compared to whole genomes (with ˜30x average coverage), augmented exomes perform far better for known disease causing genes, but less well for other genes and in untranslated regions. Increasing whole genome coverage improves this discrepancy with an average coverage of ˜45x representing the cross over point where performance equals that of exome capture for disease causing genes. A combination of some genome-wide coverage and augmented exon coverage may offer the most cost effective solution for clinical grade genome sequencing today. In summary, this coverage metric provides transparency regarding the current state of next-generation sequencing for clinical medicine and will inform genotype interpretation, technology improvement, and sequencing platform choices for physicians and laboratories. We provide an application on precision.fda.gov (Coverage of Key Genes app) to calculate this metric.
Exploring the Relationship between Abundance and Temperature with a Chemostat Model
Authors: Solari Cristian A. , Galzenati Vanina J. , McGill Brian J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlthough there is a well developed theory on the relationship between the intrinsic growth raterand temperatureT, it is not yet clear howrrelates to abundance, and how abundance relates toT. Many species often have stable enough population dynamics that one can talk about a stochastic equilibrium population sizeN*. There is sometimes an assumption thatN* andrare positively correlated, but there is lack of evidence for this. To try to understand the relationship betweenr, N*, andTwe used a simple chemostat model. The model shows that N* not only depends onr, but also on the mortality rate, the half-saturation constant of the nutrient limitingr, and the conversion coefficient of the limiting nutrient. Our analysis shows that N* positively correlates to r only with high mortality rate and half-saturation constant values. The response curve of N* vs.Tcan be flat, Gaussian, convex, and even temperature independent depending on the values of the variables in the model and their relationship toT. Moreover, whenever the populations have not reached equilibrium and might be in the process of doing so, it could be wrongly concluded that N* andrare positively correlated. Because of their low half-saturation constants, unless conditions are oligotrophic, microorganisms would tend to have flat abundance response curves to temperature even with high mortality rates. In contrast, unless conditions are eutrophic, it should be easier to get a Gaussian temperature response curve for multicellular organisms because of their high half-saturation constant. This work sheds light to why it is so difficult for any general principles to emerge on the abundance response to temperature. We conclude that directly relating N* toris an oversimplification that should be avoided.
Population structure and coalescence in pedigrees: comparisons to the structured coalescent and a framework for inference
Authors: Wilton Peter R. , Baduel Pierre , Landon Matthieu M. , Wakeley John 
Published: May 2016

AbstractContrary to what is often assumed in population genetics, independently segregating loci do not have completely independent ancestries, since all loci are inherited through a single, shared population pedigree. Previous work has shown that the non-independence between gene genealogies of independently segregating loci created by the population pedigree is weak in panmictic populations, and predictions made from standard coalescent theory are accurate for populations that are at least moderately sized. Here, we investigate patterns of coalescence in pedigrees of structured populations. We find that the pedigree creates deviations away from the predictions of the structured coalescent that persist on a longer timescale than in the case of panmictic populations. Nevertheless, we find that the structured coalescent provides a reasonable approximation for the coalescent process in structured population pedigrees so long as migration events are moderately frequent and there are no migration events in the recent pedigree of the sample. When there are migration events in the recent sample pedigree, we find that distributions of coalescence in the sample can be modeled as a mixture of distributions from different initial sample configurations. We use this observation to motivate a maximum-likelihood approach for inferring migration rates and mutation rates jointly with features of the pedigree such as recent migrant ancestry and recent relatedness. Using simulation, we show that our inference framework accurately recovers long-term migration rates in the presence of recent migration events in the sample pedigree.