bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of families of probability boxes and corresponding membership functions at different fractiles
Authors: Dutta Palash , Hazarika G.C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUncertainty comes in many forms in the real world and is an unavoidable component of human life. Generally, two types of uncertainties arise, namely, aleatory and epistemic uncertainty. Probability is a well established mathematical tool to handle aleatory uncertainty and fuzzy set theory is a tool to handle epistemic uncertainty. However, in certain situations, parameters of probability distributions may be tainted with epistemic uncertainty; and so, representation of parameters of probability distributions may be treated as fuzzy numbers (may be of different shapes). A probability box (P‐box) can be constructed when parameters are not precisely known. In this paper, an attempt has been made to construct families of P‐boxes when parameters of probability distributions are bell shaped or normal fuzzy numbers; and from these families of P‐boxes, membership functions are generated at different fractiles for different alpha levels.
Variations in thickness of fault‐controlled dikes and its implications: A case study of Gosung area, South‐East Korea
Authors: Edwards Paul , Choi Jin‐Hyuck , Kim Young‐Seog 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDikes are natural records that can be used to understand the way magma flows in the crust. Coastal platform outcrops in Gosung, South Korea, show clear evidences that their intrusion took place along pre‐existing fractures. We analyzed outcropping dikes, measuring variations in dike thickness as well as fracture density (cumulative number of fractures along strike) and geometry around the dikes. The geometry and thickness variations of dikes intruded along pre‐existing fractures can be interpreted to understand the effect of pre‐existing fractures to evolution on magma flow, especially related with fault damage zones. This helps us to gain a better understanding of magma and fluid flow along pre‐existing fractures. Magma flow is greater along planes that strike perpendicular to the direction of least compressive horizontal stress, and along well connected fractures that show a high degree of connectivity. At the fault tip and linkage damage zone, there is a concentration of extensional fractures; in these areas injected dikelets can form. As faults become linked, the fracture density increases, until they become fully linked and act as one through‐going fault plane. As faults evolve, the boundary conditions of the faults vary and this has an impact on dike characteristics. Fracture geometry around dikes that intruded pre‐existing faults can be used as a record of fault evolution and this can give insights into how the maturity of a fault system can affect to the related magma or fluid flow characteristics.
Model and algorithm for bilevel multisized terminal location‐routing problem for the last mile delivery
Authors: Zhou Lin , Lin Yun , Wang Xu , Zhou Fuli 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe last mile delivery is regarded as one of the most expensive but least efficient stretches in the business‐to‐customer supply chain. Designing the last mile delivery system in a lean way is crucial to serve customers efficiently and economically. To address this issue, we propose a bilevel multisized terminal location‐routing problem (BL‐MSTLRP) with simultaneous home delivery and customer's pickup services. The solution method is proposed by combining genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA), called self‐adaptive SGA. Studies for designing the last mile delivery system in a real‐world environment indicate the validity of the proposed model based on the comparison of different scenarios. Numerical experiments are also conducted to evaluate the performance of the presented SGA. Computational results show that the hybrid approach efficiently solves the BL‐MSTLRP.
Related Party Transactions, Corporate Governance and CEO Compensation
Authors: Balsam Steven , Gifford Richard H. , Puthenpurackal John 
Published: March 2017

AbstractExamining the years 2001–2012, we document a decrease in reported CEO related party transactions (RPTs) and an increase in reported outside director RPTs, with the largest change occurring around the 2006 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) RPT disclosure changes. Our analysis of the determinants of RPTs and their association with CEO compensation also shows an impact of the SEC disclosure change, as we find support for the weak governance hypothesis in the pre‐2006 period and some support for the efficient contracting hypothesis post‐2005. While our results vary by model, pre‐2006, consistent with weak governance we find that outside director RPTs are positively associated with CEO compensation, with our estimates of the impact ranging from 8 to 18% depending on the model. In the post‐2005 period, this result dissipates, and we find some evidence consistent with the efficient contracting hypothesis. Overall we find that the SEC RPT disclosure change appears to have had a significant impact on reported RPTs, the determinants of those RPTs, and the impact of those RPTs on CEO compensation.
Are Entrenched Managers’ Accounting Choices More Predictive of Future Cash Flows?
Authors: Lail Bradley E. , Martin Gregory W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe examine the role manager entrenchment has on firms’ financial reporting quality. More specifically, we test whether entrenched managers’ reported accruals deviate from industry norms and whether entrenched managers’ abnormal accruals are more (or less) predictive of future cash flows. Consistent with implications from prior research, we find that firms with entrenched managers generally report lower levels of abnormal accruals (in an absolute sense), but the abnormal accruals utilized by entrenched managers are more predictive of future cash flows. Contrary to a more traditional view of manager entrenchment, our evidence suggests that entrenched managers report higher quality abnormal accruals. While prior research provides evidence that manager entrenchment is associated with negative economic outcomes, we argue that attempts to limit entrenchment are unlikely to improve financial reporting quality and may actually lower quality. Future corporate governance research should consider not only the level but also the quality of the association between accounting choices and manager entrenchment.
The activity of the carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 promoter in human liver‐derived cells is dependent on hepatocyte nuclear factor 3‐beta
Authors: Chen Zhanfei , Tang Nanhong , Wang Xiaoqian , Chen Yanling 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCarbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in the first step of the urea cycle and an indispensable enzyme in the metabolism of human liver. However, CPS1 epigenetic regulation involves promoter analysis and the role of liver‐enriched transcription factors (LETFs), which is not fully elucidated. In this work, the promoter region of hCPS1 gene was cloned, and its activity was investigated. An LETF, hepatocyte nuclear factor 3‐beta (HNF3β), was found to promote the transcriptional expression of CPS1 in liver‐derived cell lines. In addition, dual‐luciferase reporter assay shows that the essential binding sites of the HNF3β may exist in the oligonucleotide −70 nt to +73 nt. Two putative binding sites are available for HNF3β. Mutation analysis results show that the binding site 2 of HNF3β was effective, and the transcriptional activity of CPS1 promoter significantly decreased after mutation. Electrophoretic mobile shift assay (EMSA) and ChIP assay confirmed that HNF3β can interact with the binding site in the CPS1 promoter region of −70 nt to +73 nt promoter region in vivo and in vitro to regulate the transcription of CPS1. Moreover, HNF3β overexpression enhanced the transcription of CPS1 and consequently improved the mRNA and protein levels of CPS1, whereas the knockdown of HNF3β showed the opposite effects. Finally, urea production in cells was measured, and ammonia detoxification improved significantly in cells after transfection with HNF3β. HNF3β plays a vital role in regulation of CPS1 gene and could promote the metabolism of ammonia by regulating CPS1 expression.
Will a matchmaker invite her potential rival in?
Authors: Pal Rupayan , Ramani Vinay 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes optimal strategies of an incumbent intermediary, who matches agents on the two sides of a market, in the presence of entry threat under alternative scenarios. It shows that, when entry is free, strategic entry accommodation is the optimal choice of the incumbent—not entry deterrence, unless the variation in agents' types is small. Entry accommodation remains optimal for the incumbent for a wide range of parametric configurations even when there is a fixed cost of entry. These results are in sharp contrast to the predictions of existing models of entry.
The Extent and Scope of Prosthodontic Practice in Iowa
Authors: Ettinger Ronald L. , Goettsche Zachary S. , Qian Fang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this questionnaire was to ask general dentists in private practice in the state of Iowa about the extent and scope of their prosthodontic practice.Materials and MethodsA 22‐item questionnaire was developed and tested on 5 general dentists. The Iowa Dental Association agreed to electronically distribute the survey to all general practice dentists in their database. After three rounds, a total of 289 responses were received from the 996 general dentists in the database.ResultsThe average age of the respondents was 50.3 ± 13.2 years (range 28 to 78 years), and 56.3% were in solo practice. The respondents stated that 68.1% had made at least one set of complete dentures and 88.9% had made a removable partial denture (RPD) in the last 3 months, while 76.4% had restored a least one implant in the last 3 months and 11.6% had surgically placed one. Nearly 20% of the respondents had a digital impression scanner in their office. There was a statistically significant difference between the dentists who had made complete dentures in the past 3 months and those who had not with regard to age, gender, and years in practice (p < 0.05 for all instances). No significant difference was found between the general dentists who had made an RPD in the past 3 months and those who had not. Compared to their counterparts, general dentists who had an AEGD or GPR training (p = 0.0312), whose primary practices were in cities of 50,000+ (p = 0.0065), or had a digital scanner (p = 0.0062) and a CAD/CAM milling machine (p = 0.0504) in their office were more likely to have restored an implant in the last 3 months. Furthermore, the general dentists who had surgically placed an implant in the last 3 months were more likely to be male (p = 0.0301) or have a digital impression scanner (p < 0.0001) and/or a CAD/CAM milling machine (p = 0.0007) in their office.ConclusionsThe majority of general dentists in this survey are still making complete and partial removable dentures, and a majority is using implants, while only a minority is surgically placing them.Practical implicationsAlthough Iowa general dentists are carrying out sophisticated procedures such as implant placement and restoring implants, as well as using digital technology, there is still a need for removable prosthodontic services in their practices. Therefore, these skills will still need to be taught in dental school.
The effectiveness and promising strategies of obesity prevention and treatment programmes among adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds: a systematic review
Authors: Kornet‐van der Aa D. A. , Altenburg T. M. , van Randeraad‐van der Zee C. H. , Chinapaw M. J. M. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThis review aimed to summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of obesity prevention and treatment programmes for adolescents from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. A secondary aim was to identify potential successful intervention strategies for this target group. PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library were searched from January 2000 up to February 2016. Intervention studies targeting adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds were included, with body mass index as outcome. Secondary outcomes were other adiposity measures, physical activity, diet, sedentary behaviour and screen time. Two independent reviewers extracted data, coded intervention strategies and conducted quality assessments. Fourteen studies were included: nine obesity prevention and five obesity treatment studies. Two preventive and four treatment studies showed significant beneficial effects on body mass index. Five of six studies (four preventive, one treatment studies) measuring dietary behaviour reported significant intervention effects. Evidence on other secondary outcomes was inconclusive. We found no conclusive evidence for which specific intervention strategies were particularly successful in preventing or treating obesity among disadvantaged adolescents. However, the current evidence suggests that involving adolescents in the development and delivering of interventions, the use of experiential activities and involvement of parents seem to be promising strategies. More high quality studies are needed. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42016041612
Bt rice in China — focusing the nontarget risk assessment
Authors: Li Yunhe , Zhang Qingling , Liu Qingsong , Meissle Michael , Yang Yan , Wang Yanan , Hua Hongxia , Chen Xiuping , Peng Yufa , Romeis Jörg 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBt rice can control yield losses caused by lepidopteran pests but may also harm nontarget species and reduce important ecosystem services. A comprehensive data set on herbivores, natural enemies, and their interactions in Chinese rice fields was compiled. This together with an analysis of the Cry protein content in arthropods collected from Bt rice in China indicated which nontarget species are most exposed to the insecticidal protein and should be the focus of regulatory risk assessment.
Effect of aerosolized antipseudomonals on Pseudomonas positivity and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation
Authors: Moore Cody A. , Pilewski Joseph M. , Venkataramanan Raman , Robinson Keven M. , Morrell Matthew R. , Wisniewski Stephen R. , Zeevi Adriana , McDyer John F. , Ensor Christopher R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurposeTo describe the effects of aerosolized antipseudomonals (AAPs) on Pseudomonas (PS) culture positivity, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), and acute cellular rejection (ACR) in lung transplant recipients (LTRs).MethodsSingle‐center, retrospective cohort study was performed of adult LTRs treated with either AAP for ≥28 days vs no AAP therapy or AAP therapy <28 days, indexed to a matched median date post lung transplantation (LT). Primary outcome was freedom from PS positivity by positive bronchoalveolar lavage or bronchial wash at 1 year. Secondary outcomes were freedom from BOS or BOS progression and ACR burden (defined by the novel composite rejection standardized score. Normality was assessed, and univariate and multivariate parametric and non‐parametric statistical tests were used to assess baseline characteristics and outcomes, where appropriate. Freedom from events was compared using the Kaplan‐Meier method with log‐rank conversion and risk was assigned using multivariable Cox proportional hazards (PH) modeling.ResultsIn total, 293 LTRs (105 with AAP, 188 with no AAP) were included. Median ages in AAP and control cohorts were 51 (30‐63) and 62 (54‐67) years (P<.01). Median AAP duration was 198 (interquartile range 94‐395) days. Time to median positive PS culture was similar between AAP (median 1.02 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.74‐1.22] years) and control (median 0.96 [95% CI 0.72‐1.21] years). Log‐rank test for time‐to‐PS positivity was similar for both groups (log‐rank P=.26). Incidence of PS culture positivity at 1 year was similar in APP vs controls (59.0% vs 54.8%, P=.48). In the non‐cystic fibrosis (CF) subgroup, AAP use was protective against PS recurrence on univariate Cox PH model (hazard ratio [HR] 0.55, 95% CI 0.38‐0.83) and on multivariate Cox PH adjusting for age and induction (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.38‐0.83). Incidence of new‐onset BOS or BOS progression in APP vs control at 1 (17.1% vs 14.9%, P=.61) and 3 (38.1% vs 37.8%, P=.96) years was similar. CRSS was similar in APP vs control group at 1 year (0.42 vs 0.33, P=.41).ConclusionAAP use was not associated with less PS positivity, BOS, or ACR in all LTRs. In the non‐CF subgroup analysis, treatment with AAPS was associated with protection against recurrent PS. Limitations include retrospective design, heterogeneous AAP therapy among LTRs, and potential convenience sampling of LTRs receiving AAPs for >28 days at our center. Larger assessments and better controlled analyses are required to further define efficacy of AAPs after LT.
A multidomain enzyme, with glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities, is involved in a chloroplastic pathway for glycerol synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Morales‐Sánchez Daniela , Kim Yeongho , Terng Ee Leng , Peterson Laura , Cerutti Heriberto 
Published: March 2017

SummaryUnderstanding the unique features of algal metabolism may be necessary to realize the full potential of algae as feedstock for the production of biofuels and biomaterials. Under nitrogen deprivation, the green alga C. reinhardtii showed substantial triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation and up‐regulation of a gene, GPD2, encoding a multidomain enzyme with a putative phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP) motif fused to glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) domains. Canonical GPD enzymes catalyze the synthesis of glycerol‐3‐phosphate (G3P) by reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). G3P forms the backbone of TAGs and membrane glycerolipids and it can be dephosphorylated to yield glycerol, an osmotic stabilizer and compatible solute under hypertonic stress. Recombinant Chlamydomonas GPD2 showed both reductase and phosphatase activities in vitro and it can work as a bifunctional enzyme capable of synthesizing glycerol directly from DHAP. In addition, GPD2 and a gene encoding glycerol kinase were up‐regulated in Chlamydomonas cells exposed to high salinity. RNA‐mediated silencing of GPD2 revealed that the multidomain enzyme was required for TAG accumulation under nitrogen deprivation and for glycerol synthesis under high salinity. Moreover, a GPD2‐mCherry fusion protein was found to localize to the chloroplast, supporting the existence of a GPD2‐dependent plastid pathway for the rapid synthesis of glycerol in response to hyperosmotic stress. We hypothesize that the reductase and phosphatase activities of PSP–GPD multidomain enzymes may be modulated by post‐translational modifications/mechanisms, allowing them to synthesize primarily G3P or glycerol depending on environmental conditions and/or metabolic demands in algal species of the core Chlorophytes.
Analysis of Written English: The Case of Female University Students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ababneh Islam 
Published: March 2017

This research sheds some light on the difficulties faced by Saudi students when writing in the English language by examining specific writing errors committed by the students. Fifty female students in their fourth year of study at the University of Tabuk in the department of languages and translation who were enrolled in the subject of error analysis (a kind of linguistic analysis that emphasizes the errors learners make in a target language) were given a quiz to write approximately one page about each one of three topics: effects of social media on Saudi social life, Saudi marriage customs, and Saudi economy. The quiz was graded and the writing errors were classified into four main categories: grammatical, syntactic, substance, and lexical types following Hubbard et al. (1996) classifications of errors. Then, the number of errors in each category was counted and the corresponding frequency was calculated. The findings of this study show that most frequent types of errors made by the students were in the categories of grammar (tenses, singular/plural, articles), syntax (subject-verb agreement), and substance (spelling).
Towards a symplectic version of the Chevalley restriction theorem
Authors: Bulois Michael , Lehn Christian , Lehn Manfred , Terpereau Ronan 
Published: March 2017

If $(G,V)$ is a polar representation with Cartan subspace $\mathfrak{c}$ and Weyl group $W$, it is shown that there is a natural morphism of Poisson schemes $\mathfrak{c}\oplus \mathfrak{c}^{\ast }/W\rightarrow V\oplus V^{\ast }/\!\!/\!\!/G$. This morphism is conjectured to be an isomorphism of the underlying reduced varieties if$(G,V)$ is visible. The conjecture is proved for visible stable locally free polar representations and some other examples.
The pernicious effect of retroactive changes in the Code: Darevskia and nomenclatorial stability, a reply to BUSACK et al. (2016)
Authors: Arribas Oscar Javier , Ananjeva Natalia B. , Carranza Salvador , Doronin Igor V. , Harris David James , Orlov Nikolai L. , Orlova Valentina F. 
Published: March 2017

Busack et al. (2016) concluded that the name Darevskia should be attributed to Arribas (1999) instead of Arribas (1997), rendering the latter name a junior synonym of Caucasilacerta Harris et al. (1998). In this paper, we provide a detailed answer to Busack et al. (2016) and argue that Arribas (1997) fulfilled the publication requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) in place in 1997 and, therefore, Darevskia Arribas, 1997 is a valid name. In order to clarify this issue, a case has been submitted to the ICZN. To avoid unnecessary confusion in Old World Lacertid taxonomy, we recommend that until the commission rules on this case, Arribas (1997) should continue to be considered the authority of both Darevskia and Iberolacerta.