bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct electrical injury to brachial plexus
Authors: Devale Maksud Mubarak , Kadakia Gaurav Jatin , Jain Vicky Ghewarchand , Munot Rohit Prakash 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTElectrical current can cause neurological damage directly or by conversion to thermal energy. However, electrical injury causing isolated brachial plexus injury without cutaneous burns is extremely rare. We present a case of a 17-year-old boy who sustained accidental electrical injury to left upper extremity with no associated entry or exit wounds. Complete motor and sensory loss in upper limb were noted immediately after injury. Subsequently, the patient showed partial recovery in muscles around the shoulder and in ulnar nerve distribution at 6 months. However, there was no improvement in muscles supplied by musculocutaneous, median and radial nerves. On exploration at 6 months after trauma, injury to the infraclavicular plexus was identified. Reconstruction of musculocutaneous, median and radial nerves by means of sural nerve cable grafts was performed. The patient has shown excellent recovery in musculocutaneous nerve function with acceptable recovery of radial nerve function at 1-year post-injury.
Flap cover in a patient with severe haemophilia type A
Authors: Manickavachakan Narender , Ellur Sunderraj , Joseph Vijay Thomas Mattyoo , Victor Jonathan , Ross Cecil R. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTHaemophilia A is a rare haematological disorder due to deficiency of Factor VIII, causing an abnormal coagulation response to injury. In severe haemophilia A, Factor VIII level is <1%, often manifesting with spontaneous bleeding into joints. Judicious use of recombinant Factor VIII therapy to maintain adequate levels in the intraoperative, immediate and late post-operative periods, together with adjuvant pro-coagulants, can ensure a safe outcome following surgery. We describe the successful management of one such patient suffering from Marjolin's ulcer of the right gluteal region, who needed wide local excision followed by flap cover. A protocol for management of such patients is also suggested. This is the first such case report from the Indian subcontinent, with only a few such published reports from the West.
First two bilateral hand transplantations in India (Part 2): Technical details
Authors: Sharma Mohit , Iyer Subramania , P. Kishore , Mathew Jimmy , Reddy Raghuveer , Ramu Janarthanan , Vijayaraghavan Sundeep , Wakure Abhijeet , M. Chetan Mali S , Varma Visakh , Chaudhari Ashish , Dhake Swapnil , Omkumar Akshay , Paul Jerry , Rajan Sunil , Nair Ayyappan , Shaji Druvan 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Introduction: This article deals with two patients who underwent bilateral hand transplantation following amputation of both upper limbs at the distal third of the foream. Materials and Methods: The first patient had a history of loss of hands in a train accident, with possiblity of a run over element during the injury. The second patient lost his both hands in a mine blast. The preoperative work up included detailed clinical and psychological evaluation. The donor retrieval was similar in both the cases and the donors were housed in our own instittution. The donor preparation, recipient preparation and the transplant procedure was similar except for the need of primary tendon transfers in the left hand of the first patient. Results: The first patient needed a free flap transfer to cover compromised skin flap on the left hand on the second day. The second hand transplant was uneventful. Both the recipients are now back to their normal daily routines. Conclusions: Hand transplantation is a potentially life altering procedure, but to optimise the results, it is imperative that there is a meticulous planning and diligent execution with utmost importance to the detail coupled with a synchronised team effort.
Masseter Muscle Thickness in Unilateral Partial Edentulism: An Ultrasonographic Study
Authors: Sathasivasubramanian S , Venkatasai P M , Divyambika C V , Mandava Rupesh , Jeffrey R , Jabeen N A Nathera , Kumar S Shankar 
Published: December 2017

Introduction:
Teeth and facial muscles play a very important role in occlusal equilibrium and function. Occlusal derangement, seen in unilateral partially edentulous individuals, has an effect on masseter muscle anatomy and function. The present study aims to evaluate masseter muscle thickness in unilateral partial edentulism.

Patients and Methods:
Institutional ethics committee approval was obtained before the commencement of the study. The study involved patients who routinely visited the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Ramachandra University. The study sample included 27 unilateral edentulous patients (Group E) and 30 controls (Group C). The masseter muscle thickness was evaluated using high-resolution ultrasound real-time scanner (linear transducer − 7.5–10 MHz) at both relaxed and contracted states.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The results were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test. Duration of edentulism and muscle thickness was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results:
The study patients’ age ranged between 25 and 48 years (mean – 36 years). The comparative evaluation of masseter muscle thickness between the dentulous and edentulous sides of experimental group was statistically significant (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference in masseter muscle thickness was found between the dentulous side of control and experimental groups. The correlation between the duration of partial edentulism and muscle thickness was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:
The study proves masseter atrophy in the edentulous side. However, since the difference is found to be marginal with the present sample, a greater sample is necessary to establish and prove the present findings as well as to correlate with the duration of edentulism. Further studies are aimed to assess the muscle morphology after prosthetic rehabilitation.
Development of an Earth observation processing chain for crop biophysical parameters at local and global scale
Authors: Campos-Taberner M. 
Published: December 2017

<p class="Bodytext"><span lang="EN-US">Reseña de tesis doctoral defendida el 17 de Julio de 2017. </span></p><p class="Bodytext"><span lang="EN-US">Lugar: Facultat de Física, Universitat de València.</span></p>
Effect of Alloying Elements on the Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in CO2 Environments
Authors: Choi Yoon-Seok , Nešić Srdjan , Jung Hwan-Gyo 
Published: December 2017

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of alloying elements (Cr, Mo, and Cu) on the corrosion behavior of low carbon steel in CO2 environments. Six samples were prepared with varying Cr content from 0 wt% to 2 wt% and with added 0.5 wt% of Mo and Cu; the specimens had ferritic/pearlitic microstructures. Steel samples were exposed to a CO2-saturated 1 wt% NaCl solution with different combinations of pH and temperature (pH 4.0 at 25°C, pH 6.6 at 80°C, and pH 5.9 at 70°C). Changes in corrosion rate with time were determined by linear polarization resistance measurements. The surface morphology and the composition of the corrosion product layers were analyzed by surface analysis techniques (scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy). Results showed that the presence of Cr and Cu showed a slight positive effect on the corrosion resistance at pH 4.0 and 25°C. At pH 6.6 and 80°C, regardless of the alloying elements, the trend of corrosion rate with time was similar, i.e., the corrosion rate of all specimens decreased with time resulting from the formation of protective FeCO3. A beneficial effect of Cr presence was clearly seen at “gray zone” conditions: pH 5.9 and 70°C, where steel sample without Cr showed no decrease in corrosion rate with time. The presence of Cr in the steel promoted the formation of protective FeCO3 with Cr enrichment and it decreased the corrosion rate.
Mass Marketing the American Avant-Garde, 1967–1971
Authors: Hicks Michael 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Over thirty? Stuck in the same musical bag for too long and getting a little twitchy? Have you run through the three Bs and back to Monteverdi and forward to Mahler and Ives? Are you bored with Perry Como but not desperate enough to embrace “the Stones” or Janis Joplin? Peace.
Under thirty? Are you getting bored occasionally with Jimi Hendrix, maybe a little put off by Jim Morrison? Jaws tired of “bubble gum music”? Want to broaden your horizons without getting trapped in that square symphony and opera stuff?
Good news! There’s an area of new music growing that you can listen to without your friends accusing you of selling out… . We don’t know what to call it yet and we probably won’t until strict “pop” and “classical” and “jazz” categories are ground into dust by the electronic age. But just because we don’t have a name for it is no reason you can’t go ahead and enjoy it… . So, if you’ve got the musical “blahs,” listen. There’s enough on this record to keep your adrenalin pumping through 1970. Come on, get with it!
Estimating Sea Surface Temperature Measurement Methods Using Characteristic Differences in the Diurnal Cycle
Authors: Carella G. , Kennedy J. J. , Berry D. I. , Hirahara S. , Merchant C. J. , Morak‐Bozzo S. , Kent E. C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLack of reliable observational metadata represents a key barrier to understanding sea surface temperature (SST) measurement biases, a large contributor to uncertainty in the global surface record. We present a method to identify SST measurement practice by comparing the observed SST diurnal cycle from individual ships with a reference from drifting buoys under similar conditions of wind and solar radiation. Compared to existing estimates, we found a larger number of engine room‐intake (ERI) reports post–World War II and in the period 1960–1980. Differences in the inferred mixture of observations lead to a systematic warmer shift of the bias adjusted SST anomalies from 1980 compared to previous estimates, while reducing the ensemble spread. Changes in mean field differences between bucket and ERI SST anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere over the period 1955–1995 could be as large as 0.5°C and are not well reproduced by current bias adjustment models.
A New Method for Interpreting Nonstationary Running Correlations and Its Application to the ENSO‐EAWM Relationship
Authors: Geng Xin , Zhang Wenjun , Jin Fei‐Fei , Stuecker Malte F. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe here propose a new statistical method to interpret nonstationary running correlations by decomposing them into a stationary part and a first‐order Taylor expansion approximation for the nonstationary part. Then, this method is applied to investigate the nonstationary behavior of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) relationship, which exhibits prominent multidecadal variations. It is demonstrated that the first‐order approximation of the nonstationary part can be expressed to a large extent by the impact of the nonlinear interaction between the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and ENSO (AMO*Niño3.4) on the EAWM. Therefore, the nonstationarity in the ENSO‐EAWM relationship comes predominantly from the impact of an AMO modulation on the ENSO‐EAWM teleconnection via this key nonlinear interaction. This general method can be applied to investigate nonstationary relationships that are often observed between various different climate phenomena.
Nightside Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Current Circuit: Implications for Auroral Streamers and Pi2 Pulsations
Authors: Ohtani S. , Uozumi T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe investigate the electrodynamic coupling of the nightside magnetosphere‐ionosphere system using the analogy of a current circuit. In our model circuit the generator drives a constant current, which flows through the magnetotail and ionosphere branches. The magnetotail branch has a capacitor C and resistor RT, whereas the ionospheric branch has an inductor L and resistor RI. Each element is physically described with local quantities and geometries. For RT ≪ RI the electric circuit is characterized by three time constants: τCR(=CRT),
, and τL/R(=L/RI). It is found that τCR is of the order of the ion gyroperiod in the plasma sheet, and τLC and τL/R correspond to the eigenperiod and decay time of the field line oscillation, respectively. Therefore, despite the variability of each circuit element, τCR ≪ τLC ≪ τL/R holds generally. It is found that under this condition the current circuit is characterized as overdamped, and its decay time constant is given by τL/R. RI is smaller, and therefore, τL/R is longer as the structure is more elongated in the direction of convection. This may explain why the auroral streamers, which are considered to be the ionospheric manifestation of fast flows in the plasma sheet, last significantly longer than the flows themselves. Another application is the Pi2 pulsations at the substorm onsets. If RT increases by a factor of τLC/τCR, the system indeed becomes underdamped, and the oscillation period is given by 2πτLC. It is suggested that the substorm initiation is a distinct process with a significant enhancement of tail resistivity in a localized area.
Statistical Similarities Between WSA‐ENLIL+Cone Model and MAVEN in Situ Observations From November 2014 to March 2016
Authors: Lentz C. L. , Baker D. N. , Jaynes A. N. , Dewey R. M. , Lee C. O. , Halekas J. S. , Brain D. A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNormal solar wind flows and intense solar transient events interact directly with the upper Martian atmosphere due to the absence of an intrinsic global planetary magnetic field. Since the launch of the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission, there are now new means to directly observe solar wind parameters at the planet's orbital location for limited time spans. Due to MAVEN's highly elliptical orbit, in situ measurements cannot be taken while MAVEN is inside Mars' magnetosheath. To model solar wind conditions during these atmospheric and magnetospheric passages, this research project utilized the solar wind forecasting capabilities of the WSA‐ENLIL+Cone model. The model was used to simulate solar wind parameters that included magnetic field magnitude, plasma particle density, dynamic pressure, proton temperature, and velocity during a four Carrington rotation‐long segment. An additional simulation that lasted 18 Carrington rotations was then conducted. The precision of each simulation was examined for intervals when MAVEN was in the upstream solar wind, that is, with no exospheric or magnetospheric phenomena altering in situ measurements. It was determined that generalized, extensive simulations have comparable prediction capabilities as shorter, more comprehensive simulations. Generally, this study aimed to quantify the loss of detail in long‐term simulations and to determine if extended simulations can provide accurate, continuous upstream solar wind conditions when there is a lack of in situ measurements.
Pyrroline Synthesis via Visible‐Light‐Promoted Hydroimination of Unactivated Alkenes with N,N′‐Dimethylpropylene Urea as H‐Donor
Authors: Cai Sai‐Hu , Wang Ding‐Xing , Ye Lu , Liu Ze‐Yao , Feng Chao , Loh Teck‐Peng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSynthesis of 3,4‐pyrroline derivatives via visible‐light‐induced hydro/oxyimination of unactivated olefins is reported. In the presence of the photoredox catalyst fac‐Ir(ppy)3, the key iminyl radical intermediate can be readily generated from O‐acyl oximes, and undergoes intramolecular cyclization and H‐abstraction from solvent or is trapped by TEMPO to give the corresponding hydro/oxyimination product, respectively. Mechanistic investigations indicate that N,N′‐dimethylpropylene urea (DMPU) works as both reducing agent for catalyst regeneration and H‐donor for product formation in this process.magnified image
Palladium‐catalyzed Selective Amination of Aryl(haloaryl)amines with 9H‐Carbazole Derivatives
Authors: Ohtsuka Yuhki , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Miyazaki Takanori , Yamakawa Tetsu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed amination of aryl(haloaryl)amines with 9H‐carbazole derivatives was investigated. In the amination of (4‐bromophenyl)phenylamine with 9H‐carbazole by the use of Pd2(dba)3/PtBu3/NaOtBu catalyst, the main product was desired 9‐[4‐(phenylamino)phenyl]‐9H‐carbazole in 60% yield with conversion of (4‐bromophenyl)phenylamine >99%, and the concomitant formation of 9‐[4‐[phenyl[4‐(phenylamino)phenyl]amino]phenyl]‐9H‐carbazole (15% yield), which is the consecutive by‐product, was observed. When XPhos was used instead of PtBu3, the desired product was provided in 81% yield and the consecutive by‐product was suppressed to 7.7%. The yield of the desired product reached 98% by the use of tBu‐XPhos. Such excellent yields of the desired product were also obtained with other 2‐di‐tert‐butyl‐ or 2‐di(1‐adamantyl)phosphino‐1,1’‐biaryls. Various 9‐(arylamino)aryl‐9H‐carbazoles could be synthesized from aryl(haloaryl)amines and 9H‐carbazole derivatives in high yields by the use of tBu‐XPhos. The amination of 4‐bromotoluene with a mixture of diphenylamine and 9H‐carbazole gave only 9‐o‐tolyl‐9H‐carbazole with tBu‐XPhos, while the use of PtBu3 or XPhos afforded the mixture of 9‐o‐tolyl‐9H‐carbazole and diphenyl(o‐tolyl)amine, indicating that Pd2(dba)3/tBu‐XPhos/NaOtBu catalyst high selectively favors 9H‐carbazole over diphenylamine as an amination substrate.magnified image
Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of 2‐Acylimidazoles with Nitroalkenes Promoted by Chiral‐at‐Metal Rhodium(III) Complexes
Authors: Thota Ganesh Kumar , Sun Gui‐Jun , Deng Tao , Li Yi , Kang Qiang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn enantioselective conjugate addition of 2‐acylimidazoles with nitroalkenes catalyzed by chiral‐at‐metal rhodium(III) complex under mild reaction conditions was developed, affording versatile γ‐nitro ketone skeletons in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee).magnified image
Osteologic analysis of ethnic differences in supernumerary ethmoidal foramina: implications for endoscopic sinus and orbit surgery
Authors: Mueller Sarina K. , Bleier Benjamin S. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundKnowledge of the position of the ethmoidal arteries is critical to enable safe endoscopic sinus and orbital surgery. The presence of a third or “middle” ethmoid variant has recently become more relevant as endoscopic intraconal surgery continues to advance. The purpose of this study was to quantify the presence of supernumerary (ie, over 2) ethmoid foramina in different ethnicities and genders.MethodsMorphometric osteologic measurements were performed in 273 orbits. Prevalence of supernumerary ethmoid foramina and orbital length data were obtained from human skulls of Asian (n = 54), Caucasian (n = 70), African (n = 39), Hispanic (n = 49), and Middle Eastern (n = 61) derivation. Correlations between gender, ethnicity, symmetry, orbital floor, and lamina papyracea length were assessed by analysis of variance, paired t test, and χ2 test.ResultsSupernumerary foramina were identified in 95 of 273 orbits (34.79%). A significantly higher prevalence was seen in Asian (42.59%), African (41.02%), and Hispanic (41.00%) skulls as compared with Caucasian (25.71%) and Middle Eastern (22.95%) skulls (p < 0.05 for all). The length of the orbital floor was significantly shorter in the Asian (3.35 ± 1.52 cm) specimens (p < 0.01). Asians were found to have the highest risk of ethmoid artery injury compared with the other ethnic groups (ratio of number of supernumerary foramina to orbital floor length = 0.72).ConclusionSupernumerary ethmoidal foramina were common among all orbits studied. Orbits of Asian and African derivation had significantly greater numbers of ethmoidal foramina, both unilaterally and symmetrically and within a shorter orbital length, suggesting a greater proximity between the ethmoidal vessels. Surgeons should be alert to the possible presence of middle ethmoidal vessels during endoscopic sinus and orbital approaches.
The sinonasal microbiota, neural signaling, and depression in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Hoggard Michael , Nocera Angela , Biswas Kristi , Taylor Michael W. , Douglas Richard G. , Bleier Benjamin S. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundThe complex relationships between the human microbiota, the immune system, and the brain play important roles in both health and disease, and have been of increasing interest in the study of chronic inflammatory mucosal conditions. We hypothesized that the sinonasal microbiota may act as a modifier of interkingdom neural signaling and, subsequently, mental health, in the upper respiratory inflammatory condition chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In this study we investigated associations between the sinonasal microbiota; local concentrations of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA); and depression severity in a cohort of 14 CRS patients and 12 healthy controls.MethodsSubject demographics, clinical severity scores, depression index scores, and sinonasal swab and mucus samples were collected at the time of surgery. Bacterial communities were characterized from swabs by 16S rRNA gene‐targeted sequencing and quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Mucus concentrations of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and GABA were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsSeveral commonly “health‐associated” sinonasal bacterial taxa were positively associated with higher neurotransmitter concentrations and negatively associated with depression severity. In contrast, several taxa commonly associated with an imbalanced sinonasal microbiota negatively associated with neurotransmitters and positively with depression severity. Few significant differences were identified when comparing between control and CRS subject groups, including neurotransmitter concentrations, depression scores, or sinonasal microbiota composition or abundance.ConclusionThe findings obtained lend support to the potential for downstream effects of the sinonasal microbiota on neural signaling and, subsequently, brain function and behavior.
Ion Specificity on Electric Energy Generated by Flowing Water Droplets
Authors: Park Junwoo , Song Suhwan , Shin ChaeHo , Yang YoungJun , Weber Stefan A. L. , Sim Eunji , Kim Youn Sang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe development of energy‐conversion devices using water movement has actively progressed. Ionovoltaic devices, which are driven by ion dynamics, show ion specificity by which different ions with identical charges show different output performance. However, the ion specificity remains poorly understood because the influence of the ion species on generated electric signals is not elucidated. The ion specificity in electric signals induced by flowing water droplet was investigated in terms of its relationship with the potential profile across the solid–liquid interface.
miR‐128 Regulates Genes Associated with Inflammation and Fibrosis of Rat Kidney Cells In Vitro
Authors: Shyamasundar Sukanya , Ong Cynthia , Yung Lin‐Yue Lanry , Dheen S Thameem , Bay Boon Huat 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTmicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate diverse cellular functions and signaling pathways via inhibiting the expression of their target genes. Given that miR‐128 mediates mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling and production of reactive oxygen species and pro‐inflammatory chemokines in various types of cells and tissues, and that miR‐128 is differentially expressed in aged and diseased kidneys, we hypothesized that miR‐128 may play key roles in kidney inflammation. Hence, in this study, we evaluated the biological effects of miR‐128 in normal rat kidney (NRK) cells in vitro. Our results revealed that overexpression of miR‐128 enhanced expression of genes associated with inflammation, pro‐inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis in NRK cells. The recent reports showing that expression of miR‐128 is increased in liver and lung fibrosis, together with the findings in this study, suggest that miR‐128 may be a pro‐fibrotic miRNA that regulates fibrosis in various tissues. Anat Rec, 301:913–921, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.