bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinematic Structure of Mesovortices in the Eyewall of Hurricane Ike (2008) Derived from Ground-Based Dual-Doppler Analysis
Authors: Wingo Stephanie M. , Knupp Kevin R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPrevious work has shown that vorticity mixing in the tropical cyclone (TC) inner core can promote mesovortex (MV) formation and impact storm intensity. Observations of MVs have largely been serendipitous but are necessary to improve understanding of these features and their role in TC dynamics. This study presents nearly 10 h of ground-based dual-Doppler analysis of MVs in the eyewall of Hurricane Ike (2008) near and during landfall. Derived 3D winds, vertical vorticity, horizontal divergence, and perturbation pressures are analyzed. Results indicate persistent kinematic field arrangements and evolving vertical structures. Perturbation pressure retrievals suggest local pressure minima associated with the MVs. Preferential updraft locations appear to transition cyclonically about the local vorticity maximum as the MVs progress around the eye. Based on published observational datasets, the dual-Doppler updraft magnitudes in Ike’s MVs are within the top 5%–10% of TC vertical velocities. The MVs are marked by peak vorticity in the lowest 2 km and contain vertically coherent vorticity structures extending to 8 km AGL. After prolonged land interaction, the MV structures deteriorate. First, the vertical extent of localized vorticity diminishes, followed by a deterioration in the prelandfall characteristic kinematic arrangements. This supports the notion that the replenishment of a high vorticity annulus contributes to MV production and maintenance, and when the elevated vorticity aloft is not maintained, MV kinematic patterns become less consistent. It is unclear whether the decay of the vertically coherent vorticity structures occurs in response to land interaction, TC inner core processes, or some combination of both.
Greater Success of Primary Fascial Closure of the Open Abdomen: A Retrospective Study Analyzing Applied Surgical Techniques, Success of Fascial Closure, and Variables Affecting the Results
Authors: Kääriäinen M. , Kuuskeri M. , Helminen M. , Kuokkanen H. 
Published: August 2016

Background and Aims: The open abdomen technique is a standard procedure in the treatment of intra-abdominal catastrophe. Achieving primary abdominal closure within the initial hospitalization is a main objective. This study aimed to analyze the success of closure rate and the effect of negative pressure wound therapy, mesh-mediated medial traction, and component separation on the results. We present the treatment algorithm used in our institution in open abdomen situations based on these findings. Material and Methods: Open abdomen patients (n = 61) treated in Tampere University Hospital from May 2005 until October 2013 were included in the study. Patient characteristics, treatment prior to closure, closure technique, and results were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The first group included patients in whom direct or bridged fascial closure was achieved, and the second group included those in whom only the skin was closed or a free skin graft was used. Background variables and variables related to surgery were compared between groups. Results and Conclusion: Most of the open abdomen patients (72.1%) underwent fascial defect repair during the primary hospitalization, and 70.5% of them underwent direct fascial closure. Negative pressure wound therapy was used as a temporary closure method for 86.9% of the patients. Negative pressure wound therapy combined with mesh-mediated medial traction resulted in the shortest open abdomen time (p = 0.039) and the highest fascial repair rate (p = 0.000) compared to negative pressure wound therapy only or no negative pressure wound therapy. The component separation technique was used for 11 patients; direct fascial closure was achieved in 5 and fascial repair by bridging the defect with mesh was achieved in 6. A total of 8 of 37 (21.6%) patients with mesh repair had a mesh infection. The negative pressure wound therapy combined with mesh-mediated medial traction promotes definitive fascial closure with a high closure rate and a shortened open abdomen time. The component separation technique can be used to facilitate fascial repair but it does not guarantee direct fascial closure in open abdomen patients.
Update in Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Research
Authors: Nwawka O. Kenechi 
Published: August 2016

Context: Musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) research is expanding due to increased clinical utility of sonography. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Ultrasound is widely applied in musculoskeletal imaging and sports medicine. The real-time capabilities and favorable cost profile of US make it ideal for use in diagnosis of musculoskeletal conditions. The enthusiasm for the use of US in musculoskeletal imaging has led to an increase in US research to broaden its applications. Conclusion: Several recent advances have been made in conventional and novel US imaging techniques, quantitative US imaging, and US-guided interventions. Strength of Recommendations Taxonomy (SORT): C
Global urology: A survey of members of the British Association of Urological Surgeons
Authors: Campain Nicholas J , Venn Suzie , Biyani Chandra Shekhar , MacDonagh Ruaraidh P , McGrath John S ,   on behalf of BAUS Urolink
Published: August 2016

Objective: The objective of this article is to establish current levels of activity and interest in global urology amongst British urologists, in order to inform BAUS Urolink and guide future strategic decision making. Subjects and methods: Voluntary online surveys were sent to all BAUS members in May 2014. Results: This survey demonstrated a significant level of interest and engagement by BAUS members in global urology. Over 40% of respondents had participated in overseas work, predominantly in the form of short-term visits. Motivating factors for involvement included a desire to help, but personal and organisational benefits were also noted. Conclusion: There was consensus that Urolink represents an important part of BAUS, with a clear desire for improvements in dissemination of opportunities to widen engagement amongst the BAUS membership.
Clinical Trials of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Arresting Caries among Children
Authors: Gao S.S. , Zhao I.S. , Hiraishi N. , Duangthip D. , Mei M.L. , Lo E.C.M. , Chu C.H. 
Published: August 2016

This review aims to investigate the clinical effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in arresting dental caries among children. A systematic search of publications was conducted with the key words “silver diamine fluoride,” “silver diammine fluoride,” “silver fluoride,” “diamine silver fluoride,” or “diammine silver fluoride” as well as their translation in Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, and Spanish in 7 databases: PubMed (English), Embase (English), Scopus (English), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (Chinese), Ichushi-web (Japanese), Biblioteca Virtual em Saude (Portuguese), and Biblioteca Virtual en Salud Espana (Spanish). Duplicated publications were deleted. The title and abstract were screened and irrelevant publications were excluded. The full text of the remaining publications was retrieved. Prospective clinical studies of SDF that reported a caries-arresting effect among children were included. Meta-analysis was performed for quantitative analysis. A total of 1,123 publications were found, including 19 publications of clinical trials. Sixteen clinical trials studied the caries-arresting effect on primary teeth, and 3 clinical trials were on permanent teeth. Fourteen studies used 38% SDF, 3 used 30% SDF, and 2 used 10% SDF. Meta-analysis was performed on extracted data from 8 studies using 38% SDF to arrest caries in primary teeth. The overall percentage of active caries that became arrested was 81% (95% confidence interval, 68% to 89%; P < 0.001). Apart from staining the arrested lesion black, no significant complication of SDF use among children was reported. SDF was commonly used at 38%. It was effective in arresting dentine caries in primary teeth among children. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This systematic review found that 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) can effectively arrest caries among children. SDF treatment is noninvasive and easily operated. It can be a promising strategy to manage dental caries in young children or those who have special needs.
CD4+ T-cell alloreactivity toward mismatched HLA class II alleles early after double umbilical cord blood transplantation
Authors: Lamers Cor H. J. , Wijers Rebecca , van Bergen Cornelis A. M. , Somers Judith A. E. , Braakman Eric , Gratama Jan Willem , Debets Reno , Falkenburg J. H. Frederik , Cornelissen Jan J. 
Published: August 2016

Key Points
Graft-versus-graft alloreactivity after dUCBT involves recognition of mismatched HLA class II alleles by allele-specific CD4+ effector T cells. Alloreactive donor CD4+ T cells may recognize recipient leukemia if mismatched for individual HLA class II alleles.
Synergistic Modulation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Inhibition in Cortical Networks by Allopregnanolone and Propofol
Authors: Drexler Berthold , Balk Monika , Antkowiak Bernd 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:
The neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone (ALLO) is an endogenous allosteric modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors. There is evidence that ALLO, at physiologically relevant concentrations, modulates GABAA receptor function in the cerebral cortex. The widely used anesthetic agent propofol and ALLO share a similar mode of molecular action. Here, we ask how GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic inhibition and action potential firing of neurons in cultured cortical slices are altered by either ALLO or propofol or by coapplying both agents.

METHODS:
We explored the effects of ALLO and propofol on spontaneous action potential activity of neocortical neurons in organotypic slices cultured from C57BL6 mice by performing extracellular multiunit recordings. Furthermore, we carried out whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments to quantify the drug effects on GABAA receptor-mediated tonic and phasic currents.

RESULTS:
We found that ALLO (100 nM) decreased multiunit action potential firing of neocortical neurons by approximately 21%. Moreover, the duration of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) was prolonged (mean Δdecay time prolongation: 12.9 ± 2.2 milliseconds; n = 23), and a bicuculline-sensitive tonic current was induced (mean Δbaseline shift: −24.6 ± 13.6 pA; P = .002; n = 6). A subanesthetic concentration of propofol (250 nM) decreased the discharge rates of cortical neurons to a similar degree as ALLO (100 nM). ALLO and propofol administered in combination acted in an additive manner to reduce action potential firing. However, during ALLO administration, propofol was significantly more effective in enhancing GABAergic synaptic transmission. Propofol (250 nM) prolonged the inhibitory postsynaptic currents decay times by 10.4 ± 6.1 milliseconds (n = 9) with ALLO added to the bathing solution; in the absence of ALLO, however, propofol prolonged the decay time by only 3.8 ± 2 milliseconds (n = 13).

CONCLUSIONS:
In cortical neurons, GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission is potentiated by ALLO and propofol in a synergistic manner, whereas the effects on spontaneous action potential activity appear additive. A coapplication of neurosteroids and propofol in general anesthesia and intensive care medicine may open new ways to reduce anesthetic dose requirements and, thus, avoid undesired anesthetic-induced side effects.
MEKK1-dependent phosphorylation of calponin-3 tunes cell contractility
Authors: Hirata Hiroaki , Ku Wei-Chi , Yip Ai Kia , Ursekar Chaitanya Prashant , Kawauchi Keiko , Roy Amrita , Guo Alvin Kunyao , Vedula Sri Ram Krishna , Harada Ichiro , Chiam Keng-Hwee , Ishihama Yasushi , Lim Chwee Teck , Sawada Yasuhiro , Sokabe Masahiro 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
MEKK1 (also known as MAP3K1), which plays a major role in MAPK signaling, has been implicated in mechanical processes in cells, such as migration. Here, we identify the actin-binding protein calponin-3 as a new MEKK1 substrate in the signaling that regulates actomyosin-based cellular contractility. MEKK1 colocalizes with calponin-3 at the actin cytoskeleton and phosphorylates it, leading to an increase in the cell-generated traction stress. MEKK1-mediated calponin-3 phosphorylation is attenuated by the inhibition of myosin II activity, the disruption of actin cytoskeletal integrity and adhesion to soft extracellular substrates, whereas it is enhanced upon cell stretching. Our results reveal the importance of the MEKK1–calponin-3 signaling pathway to cell contractility.
Bradykinin promotes neuron-generating division of neural progenitor cells through ERK activation
Authors: Pillat Micheli M. , Lameu Claudiana , Trujillo Cleber A. , Glaser Talita , Cappellari Angélica R. , Negraes Priscilla D. , Battastini Ana M. O. , Schwindt Telma T. , Muotri Alysson R. , Ulrich Henning 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
During brain development, cells proliferate, migrate and differentiate in highly accurate patterns. In this context, published results indicate that bradykinin functions in neural fate determination, favoring neurogenesis and migration. However, mechanisms underlying bradykinin function are yet to be explored. Our findings indicate a previously unidentified role for bradykinin action in inducing neuron-generating division in vitro and in vivo, given that bradykinin lengthened the G1-phase of the neural progenitor cells (NPC) cycle and increased TIS21 (also known as PC3 and BTG2) expression in hippocampus from newborn mice. This role, triggered by activation of the kinin-B2 receptor, was conditioned by ERK1/2 activation. Moreover, immunohistochemistry analysis of hippocampal dentate gyrus showed that the percentage of Ki67+ cells markedly increased in bradykinin-treated mice, and ERK1/2 inhibition affected this neurogenic response. The progress of neurogenesis depended on sustained ERK phosphorylation and resulted in ERK1/2 translocation to the nucleus in NPCs and PC12 cells, changing expression of genes such as Hes1 and Ngn2 (also known as Neurog2). In agreement with the function of ERK in integrating signaling pathways, effects of bradykinin in stimulating neurogenesis were reversed following removal of protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated sustained phosphorylation.
Top 10 metrics for life science software good practices
Authors: Artaza Haydee , Chue Hong Neil , Corpas Manuel , Corpuz Angel , Hooft Rob W.W. , Jiménez Rafael C. , Leskošek Brane , Olivier Brett G. , Stourac Jan , Svobodová Vařeková Radka , Van Parys Thomas , Vaughan Daniel 
Published: August 2016

Metrics for assessing adoption of good development practices are a useful way to ensure that software is sustainable, reusable and functional. Sustainability means that the software used today will be available - and continue to be improved and supported - in the future. We report here an initial set of metrics that measure good practices in software development. This initiative differs from previously developed efforts in being a community-driven grassroots approach where experts from different organisations propose good software practices that have reasonable potential to be adopted by the communities they represent. We not only focus our efforts on understanding and prioritising good practices, we assess their feasibility for implementation and publish them here.
More Harm Than Good? How Messages That Interrupt Can Make Us Vulnerable
Authors: Jenkins Jeffrey L. , Anderson Bonnie Brinton , Vance Anthony , Kirwan C. Brock , Eargle David 
Published: August 2016

System-generated alerts are ubiquitous in personal computing and, with the proliferation of mobile devices, daily activity. While these interruptions provide timely information, research shows they come at a high cost in terms of increased stress and decreased productivity. This is due to dual-task interference (DTI), a cognitive limitation in which even simple tasks cannot be simultaneously performed without significant performance loss. Although previous research has examined how DTI impacts the performance of a primary task (the task that was interrupted), no research has examined the effect of DTI on the interrupting task. This is an important gap because in many contexts, failing to heed an alert—the interruption itself—can introduce critical vulnerabilities. Using security messages as our context, we address this gap by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore how (1) DTI occurs in the brain in response to interruptive alerts, (2) DTI influences message security disregard, and (3) the effects of DTI can be mitigated by finessing the timing of the interruption. We show that neural activation is substantially reduced under a condition of high DTI, and the degree of reduction in turn significantly predicts security message disregard. Interestingly, we show that when a message immediately follows a primary task, neural activity in the medial temporal lobe is comparable to when attending to the message is the only task. Further, we apply these findings in an online behavioral experiment in the context of a web-browser warning. We demonstrate a practical way to mitigate the DTI effect by presenting the warning at low-DTI times, and show how mouse cursor tracking and psychometric measures can be used to validate low-DTI times in other contexts. Our findings suggest that although alerts are pervasive in personal computing, they should be bounded in their presentation. The timing of interruptions strongly influences the occurrence of DTI in the brain, which in turn substantially impacts alert disregard. This paper provides a theoretically grounded, cost-effective approach to reduce the effects of DTI for a wide variety of interruptive messages that are important but do not require immediate attention.
When Random Assignment Is Not Enough: Accounting for Item Selectivity in Experimental Research
Authors: Feinberg Fred M. , Salisbury Linda Court , Ying Yuanping 
Published: August 2016

Experimental methods are critical tools in marketing, psychology, and economics to isolate the effects of key variables from vagaries intrinsic to field data. As such, they are often considered exempt from the sort of sample selectivity artifacts widely documented in empirical research, in part because participants are randomly assigned to experimental conditions. To conserve time and resources, experiments often focus on items participants have chosen or are familiar with, for example, postchoice satisfaction ratings, certain free recall tasks, or specifying consideration sets preceding brand choice. When consumer input even partially influences the items about which researchers request subsequent data, the potential for item selectivity arises. In such situations, analyses are contingent on both the choice context(s) of the experiment and the alternatives participants elect to evaluate, potentially leading to substantial item selectivity overall and to differing degrees across conditions. We examine situations in which a nonignorable “choose one of many” (polytomous) selection process limits which items offer up subsequent information, and develop methods to allow substantive results to pertain to the full set of items, not only those selected. The framework is illustrated via two experiments in which participants choose and then evaluate a frequently purchased consumer good as well as data first examined by Ratner et al. [Ratner RK, Kahn BE, Kahneman D (1999) Choosing less-preferred experiences for the sake of variety. J. Consumer Res. 26(1):1–15]. Results indicate substantial item selectivity that, when corrected for, can lead to markedly different interpretations of focal variable effects, such as large effect size changes and even sign reversal. Moreover, failing to flexibly account for item selectivity across experimental conditions, even in well-designed experimental settings, can lead to inaccurate substantive inferences about consumers’ evaluative criteria. We further demonstrate robustness to theoretically driven (but not overtly misspecified) selection rules and provide researchers with a simple, “two-step” exploratory procedure akin to a “control function” approach—involving just one additional variable added to standard models—to determine whether and to what degree item selectivity may be affecting their substantive results. Data, as supplemental material, are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.0991 .
The inter-rater reliability of the diagnosis of surgical site infection in the context of a clinical trial
Authors: Nuttall J. , Evaniew N. , Thornley P. , Griffin A. , Deheshi B. , O’Shea T. , Wunder J. , Ferguson P. , Randall R. L. , Turcotte R. , Schneider P. , McKay P. , Bhandari M. , Ghert M. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives The diagnosis of surgical site infection following endoprosthetic reconstruction for bone tumours is frequently a subjective diagnosis. Large clinical trials use blinded Central Adjudication Committees (CACs) to minimise the variability and bias associated with assessing a clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the level of inter-rater and intra-rater agreement in the diagnosis of surgical site infection in the context of a clinical trial. Materials and Methods The Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens in Tumour Surgery (PARITY) trial CAC adjudicated 29 non-PARITY cases of lower extremity endoprosthetic reconstruction. The CAC members classified each case according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) criteria for surgical site infection (superficial, deep, or organ space). Combinatorial analysis was used to calculate the smallest CAC panel size required to maximise agreement. A final meeting was held to establish a consensus. Results Full or near consensus was reached in 20 of the 29 cases. The Fleiss kappa value was calculated as 0.44 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35 to 0.53), or moderate agreement. The greatest statistical agreement was observed in the outcome of no infection, 0.61 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.72, substantial agreement). Panelists reached a full consensus in 12 of 29 cases and near consensus in five of 29 cases when CDC criteria were used (superficial, deep or organ space). A stable maximum Fleiss kappa of 0.46 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.35) at CAC sizes greater than three members was obtained. Conclusions There is substantial agreement among the members of the PARITY CAC regarding the presence or absence of surgical site infection. Agreement on the level of infection, however, is more challenging. Additional clinical information routinely collected by the prospective PARITY trial may improve the discriminatory capacity of the CAC in the parent study for the diagnosis of infection. Cite this article: J. Nuttall, N. Evaniew, P. Thornley, A. Griffin, B. Deheshi, T. O’Shea, J. Wunder, P. Ferguson, R. L. Randall, R. Turcotte, P. Schneider, P. McKay, M. Bhandari, M. Ghert. The inter-rater reliability of the diagnosis of surgical site infection in the context of a clinical trial. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:347–352. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.58.BJR-2016-0036.R1.