bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Military expenditures and health: a cross-national study, 1975-2000
Authors: Kentor Jeffrey , Jorgenson Andrew 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Recent sociological research highlights the growth of military expenditures in hi-tech, capital-intensive armaments and technology. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of these capital-intensive expenditures on two related health outcomes: under-five mortality and life expectancy.

Design/methodology/approach
This research utilizes a series of cross-national panel models estimated for a diverse sample of developed and less-developed countries from 1975 to 2000.

Findings
The authors find that hi-tech military expenditures increase under-five mortality and reduce life expectancy over the period studied, by reducing the number and type of soldiers able to take advantage of increased health-related resources obtained in the military and indirectly, by increasing income inequality, which negatively impacts these health outcomes.

Research limitations/implications
This cross-national study should be supplemented by case studies to better understand the processes being examined.

Practical implications
The increase in capital-intensive military expenditures found worldwide reduces the total number of soldiers in the military and raises their enlistment requirements. This makes it difficult for people with limited human capital to take advantage of the military’s traditional pathway for upward mobility. New pathways for mobility will have to be developed to avoid the creation of a new permanent underclass.

Social implications
There are significant social policy implications for the findings. Hi-tech military expenditures have a significant negative impact on the short- and long-term health outcomes of children and adults, in both developed and less-developed countries, which must be addressed by public policy planners.

Originality/value
This is one of a handful of sociological studies on the impact of military establishment on society. These findings highlight the importance of “bringing the military back in” to the forefront of sociological research.
The country of origin as a preparation stage
Authors: Xypolytas Nikolaos 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of the country of origin for understanding the process of migrant exclusion. Migrant exclusion is treated holistically and viewed as a long process of three distinct stages: preparation, allocation and habituation. The focus will be on the analysis of the first stage, which takes place in the country of origin, and its role for the development of the other two equally important stages.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on 45 life history interviews with migrant domestic workers from Ukraine, living and working in Greece.FindingsThe research suggests that there are three aspects of life and work in Ukraine that constitute the preparation of migrants for their social and occupational role in the host country and decisively contribute to their exclusion: low-status work in Ukraine, the undermining of familial ties and the need to repay the loans taken for the migration journey.Originality/valueThe paper wishes to contribute to the theoretical and empirical discussion on migrant exclusion and stresses the importance of looking at the country of origin as an analytical tool for a sociological analysis of migration.
Under pressure: an international comparison of job security, social security, and extra effort
Authors: Koster Ferry , Fleischmann Maria 
Published: November 2017

PurposePrevious research leads to contrasting hypotheses about the relationship between extra effort of employees and the level of job security. According to agency theory, job security leads to lower levels of extra effort and social exchange theory argues that extra effort requires job security. The purpose of this paper is to formulate a set of hypotheses based on these theories. Besides considering them as mutually exclusive, they are integrated into a single theoretical framework that argues that both theories can apply, depending on the conditions and social context (in terms of the social security system).Design/methodology/approachData from the International Social Survey Program (2005) including 22 countries from around the globe are analyzed using multilevel analysis.FindingsThe study provides evidence that social security moderates the relationship between job security and extra effort.Originality/valueThis study differs from previous research as it focuses on two sides of insecurity in the workplace and because it analyzes a large data set to include institutional factors.
Social workers’ power of entry in adult safeguarding concerns: debates over autonomy, privacy and protection
Authors: Stevens Martin , Martineau Stephen , Manthorpe Jill , Norrie Caroline 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore debates about the powers social workers may need to undertake safeguarding enquiries where access to the adult is denied.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes as a starting point a scoping review of the literature undertaken as part of a study exploring social work responses to situations where they are prevented from speaking to an adult at risk by a third party.FindingsA power of entry might be one solution to situations where social workers are prevented from accessing an adult at risk. The paper focuses on the Scottish approach to legal powers in adult safeguarding, established by the Adult Support and Protection Act (Scotland) 2007 and draws out messages for adult safeguarding in England and elsewhere. The literature review identified that debates over the Scottish approach are underpinned by differing conceptualisations of vulnerability, autonomy and privacy, and the paper relates these conceptualisations to different theoretical stances.Social implicationsThe paper concludes that the literature suggests that a more socially mediated rather than an essentialist understanding of the concepts of vulnerability, autonomy and privacy allows for more nuanced approaches to social work practice in respect of using powers of entry and intervention with adults at risk who have capacity to make decisions.Originality/valueThis paper provides a novel perspective on debates over how to overcome challenges to accessing adults at risk in adult safeguarding through an exploration of understandings of vulnerability, privacy and autonomy.
Psychological elder abuse: measuring severity levels or potential family conflicts?
Authors: Santos Ana João , Nunes Baltazar , Kislaya Irina , Gil Ana Paula , Ribeiro Oscar 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Psychological elder abuse (PEA) assessment is described with different thresholds. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the prevalence of PEA and the phenomenon’s characterisation varied using two different thresholds.

Design/methodology/approach
Participants from the cross-sectional population-based study, Aging and Violence (n=1,123), answered three questions regarding PEA. The less strict measure considered PEA as a positive response to any of the three evaluated behaviours. The stricter measure comprised the occurrence, for more than ten times, of one or more behaviours. A multinomial regression compared cases from the two measures with non-victims.

Findings
Results show different prevalence rates and identified perpetrators. The two most prevalent behaviours (ignoring/refusing to speak and verbal aggression) occurred more frequently (>10 times). Prevalence nearly tripled for “threatening” from the stricter measure (>10 times) to the less strict (one to ten times). More similarities, rather than differences, were found between cases of the two measures. The cohabiting variable differentiated the PEA cases from the two measures; victims reporting abuse >10 times were more likely to be living with a spouse or with a spouse and children.

Research limitations/implications
Development of a valid and reliable measure for PEA that includes different ranges is needed.

Originality/value
The study exemplifies how operational definitions can impact empirical evidence and the need for researchers to analyse the effect of the definitional criteria on their outcomes, since dichotomization between victim and non-victim affects the phenomenon characterisation.
Dementia: beyond multi-morbidity
Authors: Iliffe Steve , Manthorpe Jill 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider the potential of public health perspectives to “come to the aid” of dementia research and practice.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws on research and policy papers.

Findings
This paper outlines some potential preventive interventions, focussing particularly on life-course phenomena like child poverty, diet and pollution, on the biological mechanisms that enable psychosocial interventions, and on the status of dementia as a syndemic disorder.

Research limitations/implications
This paper presents the opinions of the authors alone. It is based on recent research evidence and the authors’ experiences of dementia research, education and services. The implications for social scientists and for dementia research funders are contained in discussion of the need for research on prevention and social support for people with dementia and their families. While the evidence to guide primary prevention using psychosocial methods is less secure, the paper outlines a large secondary prevention research agenda in dementia.

Practical implications
Methodological approaches that facilitate harmonisation, pooling and comparison of data, are needed. In practical terms the paper argues that there is a need to know if and how psychosocial interventions work, and improve quality of life or even influence harder outcomes.

Originality/value
Few papers have considered the implications of a public health approach to dementia other than taking an epidemiological approach and focusing on the problems of dementia and rising numbers. This paper argues that a wider view of public health may be of particular relevance to dementia syndrome.
A practical guide for human lab experiments in information systems research
Authors: Jung Dominik , Adam Marc , Dorner Verena , Hariharan Anuja 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Human lab experiments have become an established method in information systems research for investigating user behavior, perception and even neurophysiology. The purpose of this paper is to facilitate experimental research by providing a practical guide on how to implement and conduct lab experiments in the freely available experimental platform Brownie.

Design/methodology/approach
Laying the groundwork of the tutorial, the paper first provides a brief overview of common design considerations for lab experiments and a generic session framework. Building on the use case of the widely used trust game, the paper then covers the different stages involved in running an experimental session and maps the conceptual elements of the study design to the implementation of the experimental software.

Findings
The paper generates findings on how computerized lab experiments can be designed and implemented. Furthermore, it maps out the design considerations an experimenter may take into account when implementing an experiment and organizing it along a session structure (e.g. participant instructions, individual and group interaction, state and trait questionnaires).

Originality/value
The paper reduces barriers for researchers to engage in experiment implementation and replication by providing a step-by-step tutorial for the design and implementation of human lab experiments.
Meeting the needs of older people living at home with dementia who have problems with continence
Authors: Drennan Vari M. , Manthorpe Jill , Ilifffe Steve 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the question of how to meet the needs of older people living at home with dementia who have problems with continence. The paper is focused on social care practice in community settings.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is practice focused and draws on the authors’ research and experiences in clinical care, workforce development and service improvement.

Findings
This paper summarises research on incontinence and its negative effects on quality of life and care relationships. It describes the impact of incontinence in terms of social embarrassment, restricted social activity, extra work (such as laundry) and costs, but also distress. It links research with care practice, with a focus on people with dementia who may be at particular risk of both continence problems and of assumptions that nothing can be done to assist them.

Social implications
This paper provides questions that could be addressed in commissioning and provision of services and argues that they need to be informed by care practitioners’ experiences. It provides details of sources of support that are available at national and local levels.

Originality/value
This paper draws together research on continence and social care practice to provide a series of self-assessment questions for local services. It focuses on social care workers who are at the frontline of practice including personal assistants and carers.
Bringing Carl Rogers Back In: Exploring the Power of Positive Regard at Work
Authors: Shefer Natalie , Carmeli Abraham , Cohen‐Meitar Ravit 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe draw on Carl Rogers’ client‐centred therapy theory and the theoretical lens of positive work relationships to explain why and how positive regard can be a powerful source for the development of employees’ sense of vitality, job performance and organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs). We theorize that when employees experience relationships characterized by a high level of regard with their co‐workers they are likely to develop a sense of vitality, which in turn results in enhanced job performance and OCBs. These relationships are examined in both experimental and field studies. The results of these multiple studies provide general support for the power of positive regard in augmenting a sense of vitality and enhancing both job performance and citizenship behaviours.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 61 patients with chronic periaortitis including IgG4‐related and non‐IgG4‐related cases
Authors: Kim In Young , Eun Yeong Hee , Jeong Hyemin , Park Taek Kyu , Kim Hyungjin , Lee Jaejoon , Jang Shin Yi , Kim Jung‐Sun , Koh Eun‐Mi , Kim Duk‐Kyung , Cha Hoon‐Suk 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimChronic periaortitis (CP) is a disease characterized by a fibro‐inflammatory periaortic cuff and adventitia‐predominant fibrosis. CP encompasses idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis and inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and recent studies have documented overlap between CP and immunoglobulin G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD). This study aimed to investigate clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with CP.MethodCP patients were identified by retrospective review of 1245 patients with International Classification of Diseases 10th edition code of aortitis or aortic disease. Patients were further classified into IgG4‐related and non‐IgG4‐related CP according to the criteria proposed by a Japanese study.ResultsA total of 61 CP patients were identified. Patients showed a male predominance (70%) with median age of 61 at diagnosis. The abdominal aorta was most commonly involved (84%), while the thoracic aorta was affected in 46% of patients. Twenty‐three (38%) patients had accompanying aortic aneurysm. Approximately 60% of patients achieved remission without further relapse during the course. Ten patients were classified as IgG4‐related and 25 as non‐IgG4‐related. There was no significant difference in clinical features and outcomes between groups, with the exception of older age and greater pancreas involvement in IgG4‐related patients.ConclusionWe documented 61 CP patients including 10 IgG4‐related cases. CP involved the abdominal aorta in most patients and the thoracic aorta in approximately 50% of patients. IgG4‐related CP patients were older and had greater pancreas involvement, but disease outcomes appeared to be similar between IgG4‐related and non‐IgG4‐related CP.
Histopathological aspects of cardiovascular lesions in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Takahashi Kei , Oharaseki Toshiaki , Yokouchi Yuki 
Published: November 2017

AbstractKawasaki disease (KD) is the commonest vasculitic syndrome. It affects medium‐sized arteries, principally the coronary arteries. Histologically, coronary arteritis begins at 6 to 8 days after the onset of KD and the inflammation rapidly involves all layers of the artery. This results in severe damage to the structural components of the artery leading to arterial dilation. The inflammatory infiltrate in KD arteritis is characterized predominantly by infiltration of monocytes and macrophages. Activated neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages are believed to be involved in the initial stage of coronary arteritis. Inflammatory cell infiltration may continue for up to 25 days of disease following which the inflammatory cells gradually decline in number. Inflammatory lesions in the arteries are relatively synchronous as they evolve from an acute to the chronic stage. If a giant aneurysm remains or vessel recanalization occurs after thrombotic occlusion of an aneurysm, the remodeling of vascular structures may continue for a much longer time.
Role of glucocorticoids in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Miura Masaru 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) with aspirin is the standard of care for children with Kawasaki disease (KD), 15–20% of patients fail to respond and experience persistent or recurrent fever after completion of IVIg administration. These IVIg non‐responders are at high risk for coronary artery lesions (CAL), and may need alternative or supplemental therapy. Based on retrospective studies (albeit with low evidence levels), glucocorticoid therapy was hitherto thought to worsen CAL. However, subsequent prospective studies have shown that prednisolone or IV methylprednisolone pulse as the initial or rescue therapy is effective in reducing CAL. A clinical trial known as the Randomized controlled trial to Assess Immunoglobulin plus Steroid Efficacy for KD (RAISE) Study, demonstrated the efficacy of prednisolone with initial IVIg, especially in predicted IVIg non‐responders. Several meta‐analyses have also supported the use of glucocorticoids for patients with severe forms of KD. Glucocorticoids can be considered as pre‐emptive therapy for children with severe KD and as rescue therapy for initial non‐responders. However, routine use of glucocorticoids in KD remains a contentious issue and would need further study.
Is Kawasaki disease an infectious disorder?
Authors: Rowley Anne H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough the etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) is largely unknown, a large body of clinical, epidemiologic, immunologic, pathologic and ultrastructural evidence suggests that an infectious agent triggers a cascade that causes the illness. However, this elusive infectious agent remains unidentified at present. Increasingly sensitive molecular methods for identifying microbial nucleic acids and proteins in tissue samples continue to rapidly emerge, and these methods should be utilized in studies on KD etiology as they become available. Identifying the etiology of this enigmatic disease remains the single most important research goal in the field, and accomplishing this goal is the best means to improve diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this potentially fatal childhood disease.
Analysis of food demand in Vietnam and short‐term impacts of market shocks on quantity and calorie consumption
Authors: Hoang Hoa K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA complete demand system for Vietnam was estimated using household survey data. Results showed that demand for rice with respect to prices and expenditure is relatively inelastic compared to other foods. Demand for food in general tends to be less elastic at higher levels of income and for urban households. In the short term, a market shock such as a 10% decrease in income or a 30% increase in rice prices forces households to spend a larger portion of their expenditure on rice at the expense of other foods. Low‐income households face a higher risk of undernourishment as their daily calorie intake is more negatively affected by the shocks than high‐income households. The results suggest the importance of policies that provide necessary safety net programs for the poor.
Regulation of oxygen saturation in retinal blood vessels in response to dynamic exercise
Authors: Heitmar Rebekka , Vekria Pravin , Cubbidge Robert P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the impact of dynamic exercise on retinal vessel oxygen saturation in healthy individuals.MethodsTwenty‐six healthy participants underwent moderate dynamic exercise (modified Master's two‐step exercise). In all subjects, intraocular pressures (IOP), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP), retinal vessel calibres and retinal arterial and venous oxygen saturation were measured at baseline, immediately following exercise and 15 min postexercise.ResultsModerate dynamic exercise increased SBP and DBP immediately postexercise (SBP: 116 (±13) mmHg to 150 (±21) mmHg; p < 0.001 and DBP: 69 (±10) mmHg to 74 (±10); p < 0.001), while IOP decreased by an average of 2 mmHg (baseline: 13 (±3) mmHg)) immediately postexercise (11 (±2) mmHg). Oxygen saturation in retinal arteries remained unchanged (baseline = 93 ± 8%; immediately postexercise = 94 ± 9% and 15 min postexercise = 96 ± 8%; p = 0.069), but increased in retinal veins immediately postexercise and did not return to baseline values within 15 min postexercise (baseline = 54 ± 12%; immediately postexercise = 56 ± 15%; 15 min postexercise=57 ± 12%; p = 0.036).ConclusionThere is a mild increase in retinal venous oxygen saturation and there is a trend towards an increase in arterial saturation in otherwise healthy individuals following dynamic exercise.
Editorial: therapeutic drug monitoring for anti‐TNF agents—has it all been said?
Authors: Domènech E. , Cañete F. , Mañosa M. 
Published: November 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Nakase and Nakase et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14365 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14318.
Letter: reproducible evidence shows that exclusive enteral nutrition significantly reduces faecal calprotectin concentrations in children with active Crohn's disease
Authors: Logan M. , Ijaz U. Z. , Hansen R. , Gerasimidis K. , Russell R. K. 
Published: November 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Swaminath et al and Feathers et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14253 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14360.