bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of self-reported figural drawing scales against anthropometric measurements in adults
Authors: Dratva Julia , Bertelsen Randi , Janson Christer , Johannessen Ane , Benediktsdóttir Bryndis , Bråbäck Lennart , Dharmage Shyamali C , Forsberg Bertil , Gislason Thorarinn , Jarvis Debbie , Jogi Rain , Lindberg Eva , Norback Dan , Omenaas Ernst , Skorge Trude D , Sigsgaard Torben , Toren Kjell , Waatevik Marie , Wieslander Gundula , Schlünssen Vivi , Svanes Cecilie , Real Francisco Gomez 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to validate figural drawing scales depicting extremely lean to extremely obese subjects to obtain proxies for BMI and waist circumference in postal surveys.DesignReported figural scales and anthropometric data from a large population-based postal survey were validated with measured anthropometric data from the same individuals by means of receiver-operating characteristic curves and a BMI prediction model.SettingAdult participants in a Scandinavian cohort study first recruited in 1990 and followed up twice since.SubjectsIndividuals aged 38–66 years with complete data for BMI (n 1580) and waist circumference (n 1017).ResultsMedian BMI and waist circumference increased exponentially with increasing figural scales. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses showed a high predictive ability to identify individuals with BMI > 25·0 kg/m2 in both sexes. The optimal figural scales for identifying overweight or obese individuals with a correct detection rate were 4 and 5 in women, and 5 and 6 in men, respectively. The prediction model explained 74 % of the variance among women and 62 % among men. Predicted BMI differed only marginally from objectively measured BMI.ConclusionsFigural drawing scales explained a large part of the anthropometric variance in this population and showed a high predictive ability for identifying overweight/obese subjects. These figural scales can be used with confidence as proxies of BMI and waist circumference in settings where objective measures are not feasible.
Determination of Electron Optical Properties for Aperture Zoom Lenses Using an Artificial Neural Network Method
Authors: Isik Nimet 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMulti-element electrostatic aperture lens systems are widely used to control electron or charged particle beams in many scientific instruments. By means of applied voltages, these lens systems can be operated for different purposes. In this context, numerous methods have been performed to calculate focal properties of these lenses. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) classification method is utilized to determine the focused/unfocused charged particle beam in the image point as a function of lens voltages for multi-element electrostatic aperture lenses. A data set for training and testing of ANN is taken from the SIMION 8.1 simulation program, which is a well known and proven accuracy program in charged particle optics. Mean squared error results of this study indicate that the ANN classification method provides notable performance characteristics for electrostatic aperture zoom lenses.
Evidence for quorum sensing and differential metabolite production by a marine bacterium in response to DMSP
Authors: Johnson Winifred M , Kido Soule Melissa C , Kujawinski Elizabeth B 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Microbes, the foundation of the marine foodweb, do not function in isolation, but rather rely on molecular level interactions among species to thrive. Although certain types of interactions between autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms have been well documented, the role of specific organic molecules in regulating inter-species relationships and supporting growth are only beginning to be understood. Here, we examine one such interaction by characterizing the metabolic response of a heterotrophic marine bacterium, Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3, to growth on dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), an abundant organosulfur metabolite produced by phytoplankton. When cultivated on DMSP, R. pomeroyi synthesized a quorum-sensing molecule, N-(3-oxotetradecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone, at significantly higher levels than during growth on propionate. Concomitant with the production of a quorum-sensing molecule, we observed differential production of intra- and extracellular metabolites including glutamine, vitamin B2 and biosynthetic intermediates of cyclic amino acids. Our metabolomics data indicate that R. pomeroyi changes regulation of its biochemical pathways in a manner that is adaptive for a cooperative lifestyle in the presence of DMSP, in anticipation of phytoplankton-derived nutrients and higher microbial density. This behavior is likely to occur on sinking marine particles, indicating that this response may impact the fate of organic matter.
Arbitrary cross-section SEM-cathodoluminescence imaging of growth sectors and local carrier concentrations within micro-sampled semiconductor nanorods
Authors: Watanabe Kentaro , Nagata Takahiro , Oh Seungjun , Wakayama Yutaka , Sekiguchi Takashi , Volk János , Nakamura Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFuture one-dimensional electronics require single-crystalline semiconductor free-standing nanorods grown with uniform electrical properties. However, this is currently unrealistic as each crystallographic plane of a nanorod grows at unique incorporation rates of environmental dopants, which forms axial and lateral growth sectors with different carrier concentrations. Here we propose a series of techniques that micro-sample a free-standing nanorod of interest, fabricate its arbitrary cross-sections by controlling focused ion beam incidence orientation, and visualize its internal carrier concentration map. ZnO nanorods are grown by selective area homoepitaxy in precursor aqueous solution, each of which has a (0001):+c top-plane and six {1–100}:m side-planes. Near-band-edge cathodoluminescence nanospectroscopy evaluates carrier concentration map within a nanorod at high spatial resolution (60 nm) and high sensitivity. It also visualizes +c and m growth sectors at arbitrary nanorod cross-section and history of local transient growth events within each growth sector. Our technique paves the way for well-defined bottom-up nanoelectronics.
Mechanisms of amphetamine action illuminated through optical monitoring of dopamine synaptic vesicles in Drosophila brain
Authors: Freyberg Zachary , Sonders Mark S. , Aguilar Jenny I. , Hiranita Takato , Karam Caline S. , Flores Jorge , Pizzo Andrea B. , Zhang Yuchao , Farino Zachary J. , Chen Audrey , Martin Ciara A. , Kopajtic Theresa A. , Fei Hao , Hu Gang , Lin Yi-Ying , Mosharov Eugene V. , McCabe Brian D. , Freyberg Robin , Wimalasena Kandatege , Hsin Ling-Wei , Sames Dalibor , Krantz David E. , Katz Jonathan L. , Sulzer David , Javitch Jonathan A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAmphetamines elevate extracellular dopamine, but the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. Here we show in rodents that acute pharmacological inhibition of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) blocks amphetamine-induced locomotion and self-administration without impacting cocaine-induced behaviours. To study VMAT’s role in mediating amphetamine action in dopamine neurons, we have used novel genetic, pharmacological and optical approaches in Drosophila melanogaster. In an ex vivo whole-brain preparation, fluorescent reporters of vesicular cargo and of vesicular pH reveal that amphetamine redistributes vesicle contents and diminishes the vesicle pH-gradient responsible for dopamine uptake and retention. This amphetamine-induced deacidification requires VMAT function and results from net H+ antiport by VMAT out of the vesicle lumen coupled to inward amphetamine transport. Amphetamine-induced vesicle deacidification also requires functional dopamine transporter (DAT) at the plasma membrane. Thus, we find that at pharmacologically relevant concentrations, amphetamines must be actively transported by DAT and VMAT in tandem to produce psychostimulant effects.
Discovery of cahuitamycins as biofilm inhibitors derived from a convergent biosynthetic pathway
Authors: Park Sung Ryeol , Tripathi Ashootosh , Wu Jianfeng , Schultz Pamela J. , Yim Isaiah , McQuade Thomas J. , Yu Fengan , Arevang Carl-Johan , Mensah Abraham Y. , Tamayo-Castillo Giselle , Xi Chuanwu , Sherman David H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPathogenic microorganisms often have the ability to attach to a surface, building a complex matrix where they colonize to form a biofilm. This cellular superstructure can display increased resistance to antibiotics and cause serious, persistent health problems in humans. Here we describe a high-throughput in vitro screen to identify inhibitors of Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms using a library of natural product extracts derived from marine microbes. Analysis of extracts derived from Streptomyces gandocaensis results in the discovery of three peptidic metabolites (cahuitamycins A–C), with cahuitamycin C being the most effective inhibitor (IC50=14.5 μM). Biosynthesis of cahuitamycin C proceeds via a convergent biosynthetic pathway, with one of the steps apparently being catalysed by an unlinked gene encoding a 6-methylsalicylate synthase. Efforts to assess starter unit diversification through selective mutasynthesis lead to production of unnatural analogues cahuitamycins D and E of increased potency (IC50=8.4 and 10.5 μM).
Hepatic circadian clock oscillators and nuclear receptors integrate microbiome-derived signals
Authors: Montagner Alexandra , Korecka Agata , Polizzi Arnaud , Lippi Yannick , Blum Yuna , Canlet Cécile , Tremblay-Franco Marie , Gautier-Stein Amandine , Burcelin Rémy , Yen Yi-Chun , Je Hyunsoo Shawn , Al-Asmakh Maha , Mithieux Gilles , Arulampalam Velmurugesan , Lagarrigue Sandrine , Guillou Hervé , Pettersson Sven , Wahli Walter 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe liver is a key organ of metabolic homeostasis with functions that oscillate in response to food intake. Although liver and gut microbiome crosstalk has been reported, microbiome-mediated effects on peripheral circadian clocks and their output genes are less well known. Here, we report that germ-free (GF) mice display altered daily oscillation of clock gene expression with a concomitant change in the expression of clock output regulators. Mice exposed to microbes typically exhibit characterized activities of nuclear receptors, some of which (PPARα, LXRβ) regulate specific liver gene expression networks, but these activities are profoundly changed in GF mice. These alterations in microbiome-sensitive gene expression patterns are associated with daily alterations in lipid, glucose and xenobiotic metabolism, protein turnover and redox balance, as revealed by hepatic metabolome analyses. Moreover, at the systemic level, daily changes in the abundance of biomarkers such as HDL cholesterol, free fatty acids, FGF21, bilirubin and lactate depend on the microbiome. Altogether, our results indicate that the microbiome is required for integration of liver clock oscillations that tune output activators and their effectors, thereby regulating metabolic gene expression for optimal liver function.
Enhancing the energy density of safer Li-ion batteries by combining high-voltage lithium cobalt fluorophosphate cathodes and nanostructured titania anodes
Authors: Ortiz Gregorio F. , López María C. , Li Yixiao , McDonald Matthew J. , Cabello Marta , Tirado José L. , Yang Yong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecently, Li-ion batteries have been heavily scrutinized because of the apparent incompatibility between safety and high energy density. This work report a high voltage full battery made with TiO2/Li3PO4/Li2CoPO4F. The Li2CoPO4F cathode and TiO2 anode materials are synthesized by a sol–gel and anodization methods, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that Li2CoPO4F is well-crystallized in orthorhombic crystal structure with Pnma space group. The Li3PO4-coated anode was successfully deposited as shown by the (011) lattice fringes of anatase TiO2 and (200) of γ-Li3PO4, as detected by HRTEM. The charge profile of Li2CoPO4F versus lithium shows a plateau at 5.0 V, revealing its importance as potentially high-voltage cathode and could perfectly fit with the plateau of anatase anode (1.8–1.9 V). The full cell made with TiO2/Li3PO4/Li2CoPO4F delivered an initial reversible capacity of 150 mA h g−1 at C rate with good cyclic performance at an average potential of 3.1–3.2 V. Thus, the full cell provides an energy density of 472 W h kg−1. This full battery behaves better than TiO2/Li2CoPO4F. The introduction of Li3PO4 as buffer layer is expected to help the cyclability of the electrodes as it allows a rapid Li-ion transport.
IGHV1-69 polymorphism modulates anti-influenza antibody repertoires, correlates with IGHV utilization shifts and varies by ethnicity
Authors: Avnir Yuval , Watson Corey T. , Glanville Jacob , Peterson Eric C. , Tallarico Aimee S. , Bennett Andrew S. , Qin Kun , Fu Ying , Huang Chiung-Yu , Beigel John H. , Breden Felix , Zhu Quan , Marasco Wayne A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIGHV polymorphism provides a rich source of humoral immune system diversity. One important example is the IGHV1-69 germline gene where the biased use of alleles that encode the critical CDR-H2 Phe54 (F-alleles) to make broadly neutralizing antibodies (HV1-69-sBnAb) to the influenza A hemagglutinin stem domain has been clearly established. However, whether IGHV1-69 polymorphism can also modulate B cell function and Ab repertoire expression through promoter and copy number (CN) variations has not been reported, nor has whether IGHV1-69 allelic distribution is impacted by ethnicity. Here we studied a cohort of NIH H5N1 vaccinees and demonstrate for the first time the influence of IGHV1-69 polymorphism on V-segment usage, somatic hypermutation and B cell expansion that elucidates the dominance of F-alleles in HV1-69-sBnAbs. We provide evidence that Phe54/Leu54 (F/L) polymorphism correlates with shifted repertoire usage of other IGHV germline genes. In addition, we analyzed ethnically diverse individuals within the 1000 genomes project and discovered marked variations in F- and L- genotypes and CN among the various ethnic groups that may impact HV1-69-sBnAb responses. These results have immediate implications for understanding HV1-69-sBnAb responses at the individual and population level and for the design and implementation of “universal” influenza vaccine.
Remarkably enhanced thermal transport based on a flexible horizontally-aligned carbon nanotube array film
Authors: Qiu Lin , Wang Xiaotian , Su Guoping , Tang Dawei , Zheng Xinghua , Zhu Jie , Wang Zhiguo , Norris Pamela M. , Bradford Philip D. , Zhu Yuntian 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIt has been more than a decade since the thermal conductivity of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) arrays was reported possible to exceed that of the best thermal greases or phase change materials by an order of magnitude. Despite tremendous prospects as a thermal interface material (TIM), results were discouraging for practical applications. The primary reason is the large thermal contact resistance between the CNT tips and the heat sink. Here we report a simultaneous sevenfold increase in in-plane thermal conductivity and a fourfold reduction in the thermal contact resistance at the flexible CNT-SiO2 coated heat sink interface by coupling the CNTs with orderly physical overlapping along the horizontal direction through an engineering approach (shear pressing). The removal of empty space rapidly increases the density of transport channels and the replacement of the fine CNT tips with their cylindrical surface insures intimate contact at CNT-SiO2 interface. Our results suggest horizontally aligned CNT arrays exhibit remarkably enhanced in-plane thermal conductivity and reduced out-of-plane thermal conductivity and thermal contact resistance. This novel structure makes CNT film promising for applications in chip-level heat dissipation. Besides TIM, it also provides for a solution to anisotropic heat spreader which is significant for eliminating hot spots.
Quantitative secondary electron imaging for work function extraction at atomic level and layer identification of graphene
Authors: Zhou Yangbo , Fox Daniel S , Maguire Pierce , O’Connell Robert , Masters Robert , Rodenburg Cornelia , Wu Hanchun , Dapor Maurizio , Chen Ying , Zhang Hongzhou 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) materials usually have a layer-dependent work function, which require fast and accurate detection for the evaluation of their device performance. A detection technique with high throughput and high spatial resolution has not yet been explored. Using a scanning electron microscope, we have developed and implemented a quantitative analytical technique which allows effective extraction of the work function of graphene. This technique uses the secondary electron contrast and has nanometre-resolved layer information. The measurement of few-layer graphene flakes shows the variation of work function between graphene layers with a precision of less than 10 meV. It is expected that this technique will prove extremely useful for researchers in a broad range of fields due to its revolutionary throughput and accuracy.
A novel role for Crp in controlling magnetosome biosynthesis in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1
Authors: Wen Tong , Guo Fangfang , Zhang Yunpeng , Tian Jiesheng , Li Ying , Li Jilun , Jiang Wei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMagnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are specialized microorganisms that synthesize intracellular magnetite particles called magnetosomes. Although many studies have focused on the mechanism of magnetosome synthesis, it remains unclear how these structures are formed. Recent reports have suggested that magnetosome formation is energy dependent. To investigate the relationship between magnetosome formation and energy metabolism, a global regulator, named Crp, which mainly controls energy and carbon metabolism in most microorganisms, was genetically disrupted in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1. Compared with the wild-type or complemented strains, the growth, ferromagnetism and intracellular iron content of crp-deficient mutant cells were dramatically decreased. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that magnetosome synthesis was strongly impaired by the disruption of crp. Further gene expression profile analysis showed that the disruption of crp not only influenced genes related to energy and carbon metabolism, but a series of crucial magnetosome island (MAI) genes were also down regulated. These results indicate that Crp is essential for magnetosome formation in MSR-1. This is the first time to demonstrate that Crp plays an important role in controlling magnetosome biomineralization and provides reliable expression profile data that elucidate the mechanism of Crp regulation of magnetosome formation in MSR-1.
Effect of TGF-β1 on the Migration and Recruitment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells after Vascular Balloon Injury: Involvement of Matrix Metalloproteinase-14
Authors: Zhao Wei , Wang Chengyan , Liu Ruixue , Wei Cuilei , Duan Juncang , Liu Kejian , Li Shugang , Zou Hong , Zhao Jin , Wang Lianghai , Qi Yan , Liang Weihua , Jiang Jinfang , Zhang Wenjie , Pang Lijuan , Li Feng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRestenosis or occlusion after vascular procedures is ascribed to intimal hyperplasia. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is involved in recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) following arterial injury and its release from latent TGF-binding protein by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14-induced proteolysis contributes to neointima formation. However, the relationship between MMP-14 and TGF-β1 activation in restenosis is unknown. This study investigated the relationship using a rat model of balloon-induced injury. Rats were assigned to vehicle-, SB431542 (SB)-, or recombinant human (rh)TGF-β1-treated groups and examined at various time points after balloon-induced injury for expression of TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway components, MMP-14 and MSCs markers including Nestin, CD29 and Sca1+CD29+CD11b/c−CD45−. Intimal hyperplasia was reduced in SB- and rhTGF-β1-treated rats. The expression of TGF-β1, TGF-β1RI and Smad2/3 was decreased, but the levels of phosphorylated Smad2/3 were higher in SB-treated rats than vehicle-treated after 7 days to 14 days. rhTGF-β1 administration decreased the expression of TGF-β1/Smad pathway proteins, except for TGF-β1RI. Nestin and CD29 expression and the number of Sca1+CD29+CD11b−CD45− cells were reduced, whereas MMP-14 expression was increased after SB431542 and rhTGF-β1 administration. These results suggest that TGF-β1/Smad signalling and MMP-14 act to recruit MSCs which differentiate to vascular smooth muscle cells and mesenchymal-like cells that participate in arterial repair/remodelling.
Sex Biased Gene Expression Profiling of Human Brains at Major Developmental Stages
Authors: Shi Lei , Zhang Zhe , Su Bing 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThere are many differences in brain structure and function between males and females. However, how these differences were manifested during development and maintained through adulthood are still unclear. Here we present a time series analyses of genome-wide transcription profiles of the human brain, and we identified genes showing sex biased expression at major developmental stages (prenatal time, early childhood, puberty time and adulthood). We observed a great number of genes (>2,000 genes) showing between-sex expression divergence at all developmental stages with the greatest number (4,164 genes) at puberty time. However, there are little overlap of sex-biased genes among the major developmental stages, an indication of dynamic expression regulation of the sex-biased genes in the brain during development. Notably, the male biased genes are highly enriched for genes involved in neurological and psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer’s disease and autism, while no such pattern was seen for the female-biased genes, suggesting that the differences in brain disorder susceptibility between males and females are likely rooted from the sex-biased gene expression regulation during brain development. Collectively, these analyses reveal an important role of sex biased genes in brain development and neurodevelopmental disorders.
A single residue substitution accounts for the significant difference in thermostability between two isoforms of human cytosolic creatine kinase
Authors: Liu Huihui , Gao Yan-Song , Chen Xiang-Jun , Chen Zhe , Zhou Hai-Meng , Yan Yong-Bin , Gong Haipeng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCreatine kinase (CK) helps maintain homeostasis of intracellular ATP level by catalyzing the reversible phosphotransfer between ATP and phosphocreatine. In humans, there are two cytosolic CK isoforms, the muscle-type (M) and the brain-type (B), which frequently function as homodimers (hMMCK and hBBCK). Interestingly, these isoenzymes exhibit significantly different thermostabilities, despite high similarity in amino acid sequences and tertiary structures. In order to investigate the mechanism of this phenomenon, in this work, we first used domain swapping and site-directed mutagenesis to search for the key residues responsible for the isoenzyme-specific thermostability. Strikingly, the difference in thermostability was found to principally arise from one single residue substitution at position 36 (Pro in hBBCK vs. Leu in hMMCK). We then engaged the molecular dynamics simulations to study the molecular mechanism. The calculations imply that the P36L substitution introduces additional local interactions around residue 36 and thus further stabilizes the dimer interface through a complex interaction network, which rationalizes the observation that hMMCK is more resistant to thermal inactivation than hBBCK. We finally confirmed this molecular explanation through thermal inactivation assays on Asp36 mutants that were proposed to devastate the local interactions and thus the dimer associations in both isoenzymes.