bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scale of effectiveness of management processes: Validity and reliability study<p>Yönetim süreçlerinin etkililiği ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması
Authors: Gül İbrahim 
Published: April 2017

Management processes that are included in the concept of management and described as the main functions of the manager are classified as planning, organizing, ordering, coordination and supervision by Fayol. The effectiveness of management depends on the effective use of management processes. In Turkey, there are some studies about the management processes in schools, but it seems that these are not enough numbers. The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale aimed at examining the effectiveness of management processes in schools, according to teacher opinions. The study group of the researchers constitutes 1310 teachers working in the central districts of Samsun in the academic year 2013-2014. Expert opinion is consulted for the scope validity and appearance of the scale and Indicator Factor Analysis is used to indicate the validity of the structure. According to the results of the analysis, it is understood that your scale measures a single factor. In addition, these results are verified by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient is used to determine the reliability of the scale. For all of your scale, this value was found to be ,982. These results show that the scale of the efficacy of the management processes in school management is a valid and reliable scale in which the teacher's views can be used. ÖzetYönetim kavramı içinde sayılan ve yöneticinin ana işlevleri olarak nitelen yönetim süreçleri Fayol tarafından planlama, örgütleme, emir verme, eşgüdümleme ve denetleme olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Yönetimin etkililiği, yönetim süreçlerinin etkili kullanılmasına bağlıdır. Türkiye’de, okullarda yönetim süreçleri ile ilgili bazı çalışmalar yapılmış olmakla beraber, bunların yeterli sayıda olmadığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, okullarda, yönetim süreçlerinin etkililiğini, öğretmen görüşlerine göre incelemeyi amaçlayan geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2013-2014 eğitim öğretim yılında Samsun merkez ilçelerinde görev yapan 1310 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Ölçeğin kapsam ve görünüş geçerliğini ortaya koymak amacıyla uzman görüşüne başvurulmuş ve yapı geçerliğini belirtmek için de Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre ölçeğin tek faktörlü bir yapıyı ölçtüğü anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi ile sonuçlar doğrulanmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirliğini tespit etmek amacıyla Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlık katsayısına bakılmıştır. Ölçeğin tamamı için bu değerin, 982 olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar, okul yönetiminde yönetim süreçlerinin etkililiği ölçeğinin, öğretmen görüşlerini belirlemede kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğunu göstermektedir.
Observations About the Behavior of Certain Varieties of Apple Grafted in Dormant Eyes
Authors: Morarita Sinziana Venera 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Growing trees and shrubs, part of the horticultural sector and hence the agriculture in Romania, has a long tradition, springing from the Romanians love for both of these species and the need to perform a livelihood generating task. Extending tree culture was and is favored by the climate and soil conditions conducive to the culture of many fruit species, including apple.
Erratum to: Simulation and bench studies of the constructively and technologically modernized high performance piston aircraft engine. Stage I
Authors: Ostapski W. , Wierzchoń T. , Rudnicki J. , Dowkontt S. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In Ostapski et al., Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech 65(1), 93-105 (2017), doi: 10.1515/bpasts-2017-0012, an analysis of tribological wear of an assembly composed of cylinder liner and piston rings in a piston aircraft engine was presented. In place of the previously used technology of gas nitriding of the cylinder liner (made out of 38CrAlMo6-10 steel), formation of multi-component or composite layers by nitriding in plasma discharge environment was proposed. Also, a modification of the previously used chromium coating of the piston rings by plasma nitriding was proposed. A study on the structure and properties of surface layer diffusion manufactured by utilizing the phenomenon of cathode sputtering was carried out. Wear resistance tests were performed on a specially designed bench, with the use of isotope markers. Verification of each of the friction couples was based on using the wear of the ring as a function of the distance trip, and the roughness of the cylinder liner and ring. This note corrects flaws in illustrations published in the original paper.
Chemical comparison of the underground parts of Valeriana officinalis and Valeriana turkestanica from Poland and Kazakhstan
Authors: Sermukhamedova Olga , Ludwiczuk Agnieszka , Widelski Jarosław , Głowniak Kazimierz , Sakipova Zuriyadda , Ibragimova Liliya , Poleszak Ewa , Cordell Geoffrey A. , Skalicka-Woźniak Krystyna 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe volatile constituents from then-hexane extracts of the roots and rhizomes ofValeriana officinalis(VO) andValeriana turkestanica(VT) were investigated by GC-MS analysis. Two VO samples were obtained from cultivation, one from commercially available material, while VT was collected in a mountain of Kazakhstan. The most characteristic components present in all of the analysed samples were sesquiterpenoids. The three investigated samples of VO produced mainly valerenane and kessane sesquiterpenoids. Acetoxyvalerenic acid (33.94%), valerenic acid (15.05%), valerenal (11.93%), valeric acid 2,6-dimethylnon-1-en-3-yn-5-yl ester (5.24%), valerenol (3.31%), elemol (3.19%) and (E)-valerenyl isovalerate (2.53%), were the common components identified in then-hexane extract from the roots of VT. In comparison to VO this species does not produce kessane sesquiterpenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study shows that the roots of VT possess compounds of high biological significance, since they have the appropriate contents of valerenic acid and its derivatives, thus VT can be considered as a substitute for VO.
DIE ROTA-NOTARE AUS DEN DIÖZESEN DES DEUTSCHEN SPRACHRAUMS 1471–1527
Authors: Schuchard Christiane 
Published: April 2017

RIASSUNTOAl più tardi a partire dal pontificato di Sisto IV (1471-1484) il personale della Sacra Romana Rota era normalmente composto da dodici giudici (uditori) a cui erano assegnati rispettivamente 4 notai. Questi 48 notarii principales costituivano un collegio. Essi avevano dei collaboratori (notarii substituti) a cui delegavano una parte dei lavori da svolgere. Elenchi dei membri, libri di verbali e documenti della rota conservati in numerosi archivi (tradizione dei destinatari) permettono di ricostruire la composizione di questo gruppo di persone dal 1471 al Sacco di Roma (1527), e di compilare un catalogo di 222 notai della rota provenienti dallo spazio linguistico tedesco. Esso offre sia delle informazioni sulla loro attività svolta presso la rota che - per quanto possibile - i loro dati biografici, notizie su eventuali studi universitari compiuti, altri uffici curiali assunti, rapporti clientelari, appartenenza a una confraternità (in particolare a quella di Santa Maria dell’Anima), possesso di benefici e un’eventuale successiva carriera nella regione di provenienza.
LUTERO 2017
Authors: Schilling Heinz 
Published: April 2017

ZuzammenfassungDer Beitrag setzt sich kritisch mit den memorialpolitischen Grundlagen und Zielsetzungen des in Deutschland bereits vor Jahren eingeleiteten Luthergedächtnisses auseinander. Ausgehend von der These, daß der Reformator, seine Person ebenso wie sein Werk und seine Wirkungsgeschichte sachgerecht nur historisch bestimmt werden können, werden aus dem historischen Befund heraus Kriterien entwickelt, wie das fünfhundertjährige Reformationsgedächtnis am 31. Oktober 2017 angemessen begangen werden kann. Dabei wird der notwendige Gegenwartsbezug nicht durch kurzschlüssige Aktualisierung hergestellt, sondern durch eine historische Tiefenbohrung, die sowohl Luther und sein Denken als auch deren Wirkungsgeschichte in ihren jeweiligen Zeitumständen erfasst. Auf diesem Weg wird der Reformator von den Mythen und der heroischen Instrumentalisierung späterer Generationen befreit und sein Denken und Handeln aus der Zeit heraus plausibel gemacht,und zwar die positiven wie die negativen Seiten. Der Entheroisierung des Reformators entspricht eine Aufwertung seiner Mit- und Gegenspieler - etwa Melanchthon im eigenen Lager oder Erasmus als Haupt des der Reformation fremd bleibenden Teils der Humanisten - aber auch der Päpste und Kaiser Karl V., für dessen Haltung auf dem Reichstag 1521 in Worms ebenso das Hier-stehe- ich-ich-kann-nicht-anders galt wie für den Wittenberger Augustiner. Als sachlicher Kern von Luthers Denken und Leisten wird die Wende hin zu einer existentiellen, in die Welt hinein strahlenden Religion herausgearbeitet, die die Neuzeit tief mitprägte. Da - so die resümierende These - die Kurie auf diese Herausforderung reagierte und auf der ihr eigenen Art eine ähnliche neuzeitliche Religiosität entwickelte, kann auch die römische Kirche 2017 wo nicht feiern, so doch Luther und sein Wirken würdigen. Denn nur von einer ehrlichen historischen Bestimmung der Reformation, deren persönlicher wie struktureller Voraussetzungen, Zwänge sowie der Missverständnisse auf beiden Seiten ist zu hoffen, daß das fünfhundertjährige Reformationsgedächtnis das Bewusstsein von den gemeinsamen Grundlagen christlicher Spiritualität und christlichen Handelns in der Welt stärken wird.
The discourse connector list: a multi-genre cross-cultural corpus analysis
Authors: Rezvani Kalajahi Seyed Ali , Neufeld Steve , Nadzimah Abdullah Ain 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study examines the linguistic feature known as discourse connector using a corpus-informed approach. The study applies a taxonomy which classifies and describes 632 discourse connectors in eight broad classes with 17 categories. The frequency of use of each discourse connector listed was analyzed in the three different registers of spoken, non-academic and academic English in the two different cultural contexts of British and American English. The resulting data on discourse connector frequency were compiled in a database and processed with various statistical formulae to highlight multi-register and cross-cultural differences and similarities of use of each discourse connector. An interpretation of the use of this database, which is free to download and use, is included in the study as well as a discussion of the results and the potential for use as a research and pedagogical tool.
"Public Purpose or Public Interest" and Third Party Transfers
Authors: Slade Bradley Virgil 
Published: April 2017

In this article the difference between public purpose and public interest in section 25(2) of the 1996 Constitution is considered. It is generally accepted that public purpose is a narrower category than public interest and that the distinction between public purpose and public interest does not make any practical difference. However, in this contribution it is suggested that the difference between public purpose and public interest makes no practical difference only in cases where expropriated property is used by the state for the realisation of a particular purpose. The difference between public purpose and public interest becomes more important when a particular expropriation also involves a third party transfer, since it indicates the level of scrutiny that the courts should apply in determining the lawfulness of the expropriation. When property is expropriated and transferred to a third party for the realisation of a public purpose, such as building and managing electricity plants, the lawfulness of the expropriation is not easily questioned. As such, the application of a rationality test to determine the legitimacy of the expropriation is generally easy to accept. However, this lenient approach cannot be as easily accepted where an expropriation and third party transfer takes place in the public interest. Examples of third party transfers in the public interest include land reform, slum clearance and economic development. In the examples of land reform and slum clearance the expropriation and third party transfer is usually authorised in legislation or, as is the case with land reform in South Africa, the 1996 Constitution. Because (as in the land reform example) the expropriation and third party transfer is authorised by the Constitution and regulated by legislation, the application of a rationality test to determine the legitimacy is acceptable. However, the application of a rationality test where property is expropriated and transferred to third parties for broader purposes such as economic development is problematic, especially if there is no specific legislation authorising such expropriation. Although an expropriation involving a third party transfer for purposes of economic development may well be in the public interest because it can lead to the creation of employment opportunities, it is argued that in the absence of specific legislation that authorises both the expropriation and the transfer of the property to third parties, the justification for the expropriation and the transfer is not entirely clear. Therefore, in the absence of a clear legislative scheme authorising the expropriation and transfer of property to third parties for the purpose of economic development, which can be said to fall within a very broad interpretation of the public interest requirement in section 25(2), the courts should apply a stricter scrutiny in evaluating its legitimacy.
A Comparative Overview of the (Sometimes Uneasy) Relationship between Digital Information and Certain Legal Fields in South Africa and Uganda
Authors: Van der Merwe Dana 
Published: April 2017

The present article focuses on the (sometimes problematic) relationship between digital information and certain legal fields. Most legal rules developed long before the arrival of the computer and the digital telephone, and these rules are now under considerable strain to adapt.

Digital information is rapidly becoming one of the 21st Century’s most valuable assets. This raises the question as to whether or not the law is able to adequately protect this phenomenon against the many attacks being launched against it. The present article analyses certain legal fields in this regard, namely privacy, criminal law, and the law of evidence. The world seems suddenly to have woken up to the fact that digital technology might be a mixed blessing, especially as is shown by certain recent incidents relating to privacy in the USA. In order to obtain an “Africa perspective” the legal situation in South Africa is compared to that in Uganda (East Africa) against a background of multilateral treaties that might apply in this regard.
An important point to keep in mind while weighing up legal interests is whether the State may attempt to be both neutral umpire (by means of its judicial power) as well as one of the players who want to win (as the executive power, when government information is at stake). A number of recent incidents in which the United States government has been involved seem to indicate that this attempt to sit on two stools at the same time is likely to diminish respect for the government (and its regulatory efforts) amongst the general population.

A specific problem with enforcement consists of the international nature of infringements. The Internet knows no borders and this factor suggests that effective international co-operation is an essential prerequisite for the law to function adequately in an international context. The concluding of International treaties between groupings of countries is put forward as perhaps the most effective solution in this regard.
Towards the Protection of Human Rights: Do the New Zimbabwean Constitutional Provisions on Judicial Independence suffice?
Authors: Chiduza Lovemore 
Published: April 2017

If human rights are to be effectively protected in any country, the judiciary has to recognise that it also has a role to play in this regard. The rationale for this is that the judiciary has a duty to enhance and protect human rights. Across Africa and most notably in Zimbabwe political interference has been noted as a factor that limits judicial independence. In Zimbabwe the weak protection of judicial independence has contributed to gross human rights violations. Constitutional reforms have been conducted in order to improve the independence of the judiciary and consequently the judicial protection of human rights. These efforts have resulted in the adoption of a new Constitution in Zimbabwe which has replaced the Lancaster House Constitution. The Constitutional reforms have captured legal principles which will ensure an improvement in the human rights situation. Key to the reforms has been the independence of the judiciary. The Constitution guarantees the independence of the judiciary. Despite such guarantees there are a number of challenges with regards to this independence. The aim of this paper is therefore to analyse the judicial reforms introduced by the Constitution of Zimbabwe with a view to establishing whether or not such reforms are likely to improve judicial independence and in turn the protection of human rights in Zimbabwe.
Reflections on how to Address the Violations of Human Rights by Extractive Industries in Africa: A Comparative Analysis of Nigeria and South Africa
Authors: Kamga Serges Djoyou , Ajoku Ogehcukwu O 
Published: April 2017

Transnational companies (TNCs) in general and those operating in the extractive industry sector in particular have an impact on the realisation of human rights. Yet under international human rights law, instruments regulating TNCs’ obligations in terms of human rights are non-binding. Consequently, the state in which TNCs operate remains the only duty bearer of human rights and should ensure that companies under its jurisdiction comply with human rights.

The aim of this article is to examine the extent to which Nigeria and South Africa comply with their obligations to ensure that TNCs in extractive industries operating within their borders promote and respect human rights. Ultimately it is argued that the legal architecture in the countries under study does not satisfactorily shield people from the actions of TNCs.

In an attempt to remedy the situation, it is suggested that a way forward could be constructed on the following pillars: inserting human rights clauses into international trade and investment agreements; raising awareness of and sensitization on the importance of corporate social responsibility as a "profit maximising mechanism"; turning corporate social responsibility into binding human rights obligations; and using international human rights monitoring mechanisms. Though the points made in this article generally engage the human rights impacts of extractive industries in Nigeria and South African, the proposed solutions are generalisable to other societies in which these industries operate.
The Modern-Day Impact of Cultural and Religious Diversity: "Managing Family Justice in Diverse Societies"
Authors: Rautenbach Christa 
Published: April 2017

Transnational companies (TNCs) in general and those operating in the extractive industry sector in particular have an impact on the realisation of human rights. Yet under international human rights law, instruments regulating TNCs’ obligations in terms of human rights are non-binding. Consequently, the state in which TNCs operate remains the only duty bearer of human rights and should ensure that companies under its jurisdiction comply with human rights.

The aim of this article is to examine the extent to which Nigeria and South Africa comply with their obligations to ensure that TNCs in extractive industries operating within their borders promote and respect human rights. Ultimately it is argued that the legal architecture in the countries under study does not satisfactorily shield people from the actions of TNCs.

In an attempt to remedy the situation, it is suggested that a way forward could be constructed on the following pillars: inserting human rights clauses into international trade and investment agreements; raising awareness of and sensitization on the importance of corporate social responsibility as a "profit maximising mechanism"; turning corporate social responsibility into binding human rights obligations; and using international human rights monitoring mechanisms. Though the points made in this article generally engage the human rights impacts of extractive industries in Nigeria and South African, the proposed solutions are generalisable to other societies in which these industries operate.
The Case of Government of the Republic of Zimbabwe v Louis Karel Fick: A First Step towards developing a Doctrine on the Status of International Judgments within the Domestic Legal Order
Authors: De Wet Erika 
Published: April 2017

The Fick case which was decided by the Constitutional Court on 27 June 2013 was the first time since its inception that the Constitutional Court was confronted with the status of a binding international decision within the domestic legal order. It concerned a binding decision by the (now suspended) Southern African Development Community (SADC) Tribunal against Zimbabwe, which was also enforceable in South Africa. A key issue before the Court was whether or not the South African statutory rules of civil procedure for the enforcement of foreign judgments also covered judgments of international courts and tribunals (as anticipated by Article 32(1) of the Protocol on the SADC Tribunal). As none of the relevant statutory legislation was applicable in this instance, the common law remained the only possible avenue through which the SADC Tribunal’s decision could be enforced in South Africa.

At the time of the decision, the common law on the enforcement of civil judgments had developed only to a point where it provided for the execution of judgments made by domestic courts of a foreign state (ie decisions of other national courts). The Court was therefore confronted with whether or not an international decision in the form of a cost order of the SADC Tribunal amounted to a “foreign judgment” as recognized by the South African common law. The Court answered this question in the affirmative by relying on those clauses in the Constitution that committed South Africa to the rule of law, as well as its obligations under international law, and to an international-law friendly interpretation of domestic law.

Although the decision is to be welcomed and applied the law correctly to the facts of the case, it does raise the issue of the wisdom of equating international judgments with foreign judgments on a more general scale. This relates to the fact that it is generally accepted in most jurisdictions that the recognition and enforcement of a “foreign judgment” can be denied where it would result in a violation of domestic public policy. The public policy exception does not, however, fit well in a regime based on public international law, which does not permit States to use their domestic law as an excuse for not implementing their international obligations.