bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional signatures of connectomic subregions of the human striatum
Authors: Parkes L. , Fulcher B. D. , Yücel M. , Fornito A. 
Published: April 2017

Functionally distinct regions of the brain are thought to possess a characteristic connectional fingerprint – a profile of incoming and outgoing connections that defines the function of that area. This observation has motivated efforts to subdivide brain areas using their connectivity patterns. However, it remains unclear whether these connectomically‐defined subregions can be distinguished at the molecular level. Here, we combine high‐resolution diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging with transcriptomic data to show that connectomically‐defined subregions of the striatum carry distinct transcriptional signatures. Using data‐driven clustering of diffusion tractography, seeded from the striatum in 100 healthy individuals, we identify a tripartite organization of the caudate and putamen that comprises ventral, dorsal and caudal subregions. We then use microarray data of gene expression levels in 19 343 genes, taken from 98 tissue samples distributed throughout the striatum, to accurately discriminate the three connectomically‐defined subregions with 80–90% classification accuracy using linear support vector machines. This classification accuracy was robust at the group and individual level and was superior for our parcellation of the striatum when compared with parcellations based on anatomical boundaries or other criteria. Genes contributing strongly to classification were enriched for gene ontology categories including dopamine signaling, glutamate secretion, response to amphetamine and metabolic pathways, and were implicated in risk for disorders such as schizophrenia, autism and Parkinson's disease. Our findings highlight a close link between regional variations in transcriptional activity and inter‐regional connectivity in the brain, and suggest that there may be a strong genomic signature of connectomically‐defined subregions of the brain.
Effect of water bath temperature on physiological parameters and subjective sensation in older people
Authors: Ono Junji , Hashiguchi Nobuko , Sawatari Hiroyuki , Ohkusa Tomoko , Miyazono Mami , Son Su‐young , Magota Chie , Tochihara Yutaka , Chishaki Akiko 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimIn Japan, the incidence of water bathing‐related cardiopulmonary accidents among older people is high in winter. The purpose of the present study was to investigate alterations in physiological characteristics and subjective thermal sensations of older people when bathing in a cool environment.MethodsWe assessed the skin temperature, rectal temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, body fluid loss (sweat and urine), and subjective thermal responses of 11 older healthy male and 10 young male volunteers throughout 42°C and 39°C bathing in a room at 20°C with 50% humidity.ResultsAt 42°C bathing, the rectal temperature during bathing and in the post‐bathing period were significantly lower in the older men than in the young men, and skin temperature during the post‐bathing period decreased gradually in the older men. Systolic blood pressure and pulse rate immediately increased just after entering 42°C water and decreased during bathing in the older men. With the activities of dressing, systolic blood pressure increased followed by a decrease during the post‐bathing period. Thus, double product (pulse rate × systolic blood pressure) increased during the bathing period. Although there was no significant difference in body fluid loss between the older and younger men in 42°C water, the older men produced significantly less sweat. The older men also reported feeling less warm after 42°C bathing, and feeling less cold during the post‐bathing period after 39°C bathing.ConclusionsThese results suggest that hot water bathing during cold seasons might induce more serious physiological changes in older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2164–2170.
Impact of hospitalization in an acute geriatric unit on polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate prescriptions: A retrospective study
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Valencia Marta , Izquierdo Mikel , Malafarina Vincenzo , Alonso‐Renedo Javier , González‐Glaría Belén , Larrayoz‐Sola Beatriz , Monforte‐Gasque María Pilar , Latasa‐Zamalloa Pello , Martínez‐Velilla Nicolás 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimPolypharmacy is a highly prevalent geriatric syndrome, and hospitalizations can worsen it. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of hospitalization on polypharmacy and indicators of quality of prescribing, and their possible association with health outcomes.MethodsA retrospective study of 200 patients discharged from an acute geriatric unit was carried out. Indicators of quality of prescription were registered at admission and discharge: polypharmacy defined as ≥5 medications, hyperpolypharmacy (≥10), potentially inappropriate prescribing by Beers and Screening Tool of Older Persons' potentially inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria, potentially prescribing omissions by Screening Tool to Alert doctors to the Right Treatment (START) criteria, drug interactions and anticholinergic burden measured with the Anticholinergic Risk Scale. Mortality, emergency room visits and hospital admissions occurring during 6 months after discharge were also registered.ResultsThe total number of drugs increased at discharge (9.1 vs 10.1, P < 0.001), without increasing chronic medications (8.5 vs 8.3, P = 0.699). No significant variations were observed in the prevalence of polypharmacy (86.5% vs 82.2%), potentially inappropriate prescribing (68.5% vs 71.5%), potential prescribing omissions (58% vs 58%) or drug interactions (82.5% vs 83.5%). Patients with anticholinergic drugs tended to increase, not reaching statistical significance (39.5% vs 44.5%; P = 0.064). Polypharmacy was associated with emergency room visits (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.07–6.40; P = 0.034), and hyperpolypharmacy with hospitalizations (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.25–4.93; P = 0.009).ConclusionsAfter hospitalization in an acute geriatric unit, the prevalence of polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate prescribing, potential prescribing omissions, interactions or anticholinergic drugs is still very high. Polypharmacy is a risk factor for hospitalization and emergency room visits. Measuring indicators of quality of prescription might be useful to design interventions to optimize pharmacotherapy and improve health outcomes in elderly acute patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2354–2361.
High‐pressure behavior of (Cs,K)Al4Be5B11O28 (londonite): A single‐crystal synchrotron diffraction study up to 26 GPa
Authors: Gatta Giacomo Diego , Lotti Paolo , Comboni Davide , Merlini Marco , Vignola Pietro , Liermann Hanns‐Peter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe compressional behavior and the P‐induced deformation mechanisms at the atomic scale of (Cs,K)Al4Be5B11O28 (londonite, a ~7.31 Å and space group P3m) were investigated by in situ single‐crystal synchrotron X‐ray diffraction with a diamond anvil cell up to 26 GPa. No phase transition was observed within the P‐range investigated: this material exhibits isotropic compression (i.e., with cubic symmetry) in response to the applied pressure. Fitting the P–V data with a Birch‐Murnaghan isothermal equation of state, we obtained: V0=390.8(3) Å3, KP0=212(7) GPa (β0=1/KP0=0.0047(1) GPa−1) and K′=4.6(6). A series of structural refinements, based on the high‐pressure intensity data, were performed. The stiffness of londonite (similar to that of carbides) is governed by its close‐packing structure, and in particular by the very low compressibility of B‐ and Be‐tetrahedra and the modest compressibility of the Al‐octahedra. The Cs‐polyhedra are the most compressible units of the structure. The effects of pressure can be accommodated by intrapolyhedral compression or deformation, leading to a modest bulk compression. The high amount of boron in londonite (B2O3 ~50 wt%) makes its synthetic counterpart a potential neutron absorber. In addition, the high content of Cs makes londonite‐type materials as potential hosts for nuclear waste.
Something has shifted: Nursing students’ global perspective following international clinical placements
Authors: Gower Shelley , Duggan Ravani , Dantas Jaya A R , Boldy Duncan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimsTo examine understandings of global health issues among nursing students following participation in an international clinical placement during their pre‐registration university education.BackgroundUniversities use international clinical placements, especially in developing countries, to develop cultural awareness in students; however, little is known about the longer term influences on students’ understandings of global nursing.DesignA retrospective cross‐sectional design was used, using an exploratory, descriptive qualitative approach.MethodsIndividual semi‐structured interviews were conducted in 2014 with a purposive sample of 25 pre‐registration nursing students from four Western Australian universities who undertook clinical placements across five countries. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsFindings highlight that students developed new understandings around health systems including fragility of resource access, differences in clinical practice and variances in nursing roles between settings. Students also experienced challenges but were able to appreciate alternative world viewpoints.ConclusionInternational clinical placements can develop greater awareness and help students form realistic strategies for using their nursing skills globally. Pre‐placement training in cultural awareness and health system realities, along with strong supervisory support, is critical to success.
Oxidized LDL, Gamma‐Glutamyltransferase and Adverse Outcomes in Older Adults
Authors: Spoto Belinda , Mattace‐Raso Francesco , Sijbrands Eric J. , D'Arrigo Graziella , Tripepi Giovanni , Volpato Stefano , Bandinelli Stefania , Ferrucci Luigi , Zoccali Carmine 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesGamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a biomarker of liver disease and oxidative stress which was associated with all‐cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in the general population and in patients with high risk conditions. This study aims at assessing whether oxLDL modifies the relationship between GGT, all‐cause, and CV mortality in elderly individuals from the general population.DesignObservational longitudinal study.SettingPopulation‐based cohort of older individuals (>65 years) free of liver disease.ParticipantsOne thousand and thirty‐eight individuals from the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study.MeasurementsSerum GGT level, oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL), CV comorbidities, all‐cause and CV mortality.ResultsThe median age of the study population (n = 1,038) was 74 years (inter‐quartile range: 69–79), 152 individuals (15%) had past CV events. During a median follow‐up of 9 years, 401 individuals died, 168 of them (42%) for CV causes. In adjusted analyses, GGT predicted all‐cause mortality (HR for 20 U/L increase in serum GGT: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02–1.21, P = .02) and CV mortality (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03–1.33; P = .02). Furthermore, in an analysis for interaction circulating oxLDL amplified the effect of GGT on all‐cause mortality (P = .003).ConclusionCirculating oxLDL amplifies the effect of GGT on mortality in the elderly. The mechanism for this association remains unknown and requires further research, including studying the potential role of GGT in oxidative stress. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of a causal role of GGT in the CV morbidity and mortality in older individuals and indicate that oxLDL plays a crucial role in the interpretation of the link between GGT and the risk of adverse clinical events in this population.
Clinical Evaluation of Indirect Particle‐Filled Composite Resin CAD/CAM Partial Crowns after 24 Months
Authors: Zimmermann Moritz , Koller Christina , Reymus Marcel , Mehl Albert , Hickel Reinhard 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeResin‐based CAD/CAM compound materials might be promising for single‐tooth restorations. Insufficient clinical data are available for this new material class. The purpose of this study was to describe initial clinical in vivo results for indirect particle‐filled composite resin CAD/CAM restorations after 24 months.Materials and MethodsIndirect particle‐filled composite resin restorations were fabricated with a CAD/CAM method (CEREC Bluecam intraoral scanner, CEREC MCXL milling unit) by calibrated dental students. Forty‐two partial crown restorations were seated adhesively in 30 patients with caries lesions or insufficient restorations (baseline). Strict inclusion criteria were defined for the patient collective. Follow‐up evaluation comprised 40 restorations after 12 months and 33 restorations after 24 months. Evaluation criteria were modified FDI criteria with grades (1) to (5). Rating with FDI criteria (5) was defined as clinical failure. Statistical analysis was performed with Wilcoxon‐Test (p < 0.05).ResultsThe success rate of indirect particle‐filled composite resin CAD/CAM restorations after 12 months was 95.0% with two debondings observed. The cumulative success rate for indirect particle‐filled composite resin CAD/CAM restorations after 24 months was 85.7% with two tooth fractures and one debonding. Statistically significant differences were found for baseline and 24‐month follow‐up evaluation for anatomic form and marginal adaptation criterion examined in respect to FDI criteria guidelines (Wilcoxon‐Test, p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates particle‐filled composite resin CAD/CAM restorations having a clinical success rate of 85.7% after 24 months. Adhesive bonding procedures need to be ensured carefully. A longer clinical evaluation period is necessary to draw further conclusions.
Microtensile Bond Strength of a Resin Cement to Silica‐Based and Y‐TZP Ceramics Using Different Surface Treatments
Authors: Keshvad Alireza , Hakimaneh Seyed Mohammad Reza 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effects of different surface treatments on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of bonding between resin cement and lithia or zirconia‐based ceramics using an in vitro study.Materials and MethodsThree zirconia ceramic blocks (IPS e.max ZirCAD) and three lithium disilicate ceramic blocks (IPS e.max CAD) were sintered and duplicated in resin composite. The zirconia specimens underwent various treatments (n = 1): (i) Sandblast + primer (ZiSa); (ii) sandblast + laser irradiation + primer (ZiSaLa); or (iii) laser irradiation + primer (ZiLa). The lithium disilicate specimens also underwent various treatments: (i) sandblast + HF + silane (LiSaE); (ii) sandblast + silane (LiSa); or (iii) sandblast + laser irradiation + silane (LiSaLa). The ceramic–composite blocks were cemented with resin cement and cut to produce bars with approx. 1 mm2 bonding areas. The specimens were thermocycled, and bond strength tests were performed in a universal testing machine. The fracture type was determined by observing the fractured surface under a stereomicroscope. The mean bond strengths of the specimens were statistically analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and Duncan's tests (α = 0.05).ResultsMean comparison of the μTBS showed no significant difference between LiSaE and LiSa (p > 0.05), but significant differences between LiSaE and other groups (p ≤ 0.01). No significant differences were found between the ZiSaLa and ZiSa groups (p > 0.05). The modes of failure in all groups were mostly adhesive (57% to 80%). The mean bond strengths in laser‐irradiated ceramics were significantly lower than those from other surface treatments. All ZiLa specimens debonded before testing (pretest failure).ConclusionsLithium disilicate ceramic surface treated with a combination of sandblasting and silane application provided a bond strength comparable to that provided by sandblasting in combination with acid etching and applying silane. Groups treated with laser irradiation had significantly lower bond strengths than other groups.
Empiric antibiotic regimens for neonatal sepsis in Australian and New Zealand neonatal intensive care units
Authors: Carr Jeremy P , Burgner David P , Hardikar Rohan S , Buttery Jim P 
Published: April 2017

AimNeonatal sepsis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and requires prompt empiric treatment. However, only a minority of babies who receive antibiotics for suspected sepsis have an infection. Antimicrobial exposure in infancy has important short‐ and long‐term consequences. There is no consensus regarding empirical antimicrobial regimens.MethodsThe study included a survey of empiric antimicrobial regimens in all tertiary neonatal intensive care units in Australia and New Zealand in 2013–2014.ResultsAll 27 units responded. For early‐onset sepsis, all units used a combination of gentamicin with either penicillin or ampicillin. For late‐onset sepsis, the frequency of units using empiric vancomycin (41%) versus empiric flucloxacillin (48%) was similar. Gestational age or the presence of a central venous catheter had little influence on using vancomycin instead of flucloxacillin. For late‐onset sepsis with meningitis there was marked variation in antimicrobial combinations, with 15 different regimens described. A total of 93% used a cefotaxime‐based regimen, either as monotherapy (22%) or combined with a second (22%) or third (48%) agent. For suspected necrotising enterocolitis, 89% used an aminoglycoside, metronidazole and a penicillin. Historical outbreaks of multi‐resistant organisms exerted long‐term influence over regimen choice.ConclusionsThere was limited use of broad‐spectrum agents such as carbapenems or third‐generation cephalosporins. In this region with low methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus prevalence, empiric vancomycin use was common, selected for activity against coagulase‐negative staphylococci. Empiric vancomycin is rarely necessary because coagulase‐negative staphylococci are often contaminants and sepsis is rarely fulminant, occurring almost exclusively in extremely low birthweight infants. Implementation of appropriate, local antimicrobial policies is crucial to minimise antimicrobial exposure in this vulnerable population and halt the development of antimicrobial resistance.
Tokenistic or genuinely effective? Exploring the views of voluntary sector staff regarding the emerging peer support worker role in mental health
Authors: Kilpatrick Emma , Keeney Sinead , McCauley Claire‐Odile 
Published: April 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject

The introduction of PSWs within mental health services has grown substantially both internationally and locally; however, no recognized studies have focused on the evolvement of this role within a Northern Ireland (NI) context.

Research is increasingly focusing on service users’ and PSWs perspectives on mental health service provision. Despite this, few studies exist which exclusively report staff views in relation to the PSW role.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge

Results of the current study identified varying perspectives on the peer role. Some participants believed that the PSW role was tokenistic; others opposed these views, highlighting the value of this role. Clearly defined job descriptions and the importance of ensuring the PSW is a cohesive part of the team and not an “add on,” was identified as imperative to avoid tokenistic practice.

Provision of a flexible working environment, both sensitive and responsive to the peers’ own mental health needs, was identified as significant in order for the peer to fulfil their role successfully.

Implications for practice

Services introducing PSWs within teams should engage with nursing staff at all organizational levels in the role development process to minimize the risk of tokenism, for example, the PSW role not integrated or valued within teams.

Clearly defined job/role specifications for PSWs should be devised to ensure that both the PSW and the mental health nursing team have a shared understanding regarding this role.

AbstractAimPeer support worker (PSW) roles are gaining recognition internationally as a valuable component in mental health service delivery. The aim of this study was to explore the views of mental health voluntary sector staff regarding the emergence of this role.MethodA qualitative research design was used. A purposive sample was employed. Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 10 staff members in various positions in two voluntary mental health organizations. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically.ResultsViews varied on the PSW role with some participants stating that it was tokenistic, whereas others highlighted the value of its contribution. Participants’ expressed concerns regarding professional boundaries and organizational cultural challenges that PSWs may encounter in their role. The provision of reasonable adjustments was recommended as an integral support mechanism.ConclusionSuccessful integration of the PSW requires careful consideration of the role, the workplace environment and the unique needs of the peer, to prevent the role becoming constrained and diluted.Implications for practiceThe PSW role may impact the traditional delivery of mental health nursing services. It is therefore essential that nurses are cognizant of these potential challenges to successfully facilitate the integration of PSWs in practice.
Factors Affecting Platelet Concentration in Platelet Concentrates from Canine Blood Donors
Authors: Raleigh J.S. , Jandrey K.E. , Burges J. , Kent M.S. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundPhysiologic factors in dogs that might contribute to enhanced platelet yield in platelet concentrates (PCs) are largely unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether individual differences in weight, age, preprocessing blood chemistry, andCBCvariables predict the final platelet concentrations inPCs. Our hypotheses were (1) increased lipemic indices would be positively associated with increased platelet concentrations inPCs and (2) increased preprocessing platelet concentrations would be associated with higher platelet concentrations in thePCs.AnimalsAll blood donation records of dogs from February 2, 2009 through April 1, 2015 at the University of California—Davis Veterinary Blood Bank were examined with 104 cases included in this study.MethodsIn this retrospective study, data were collected from medical records of canine blood donors. Records were reviewed for internal consistency and accuracy and subjects were included in the study if donor screening and donation occurred on the same day and a viablePCwas obtained. Univariate and multivariable regressions were used to test the impact that each variable had on the final platelet concentration inPCs.ResultsFinal platelet concentration inPCs was positively associated with the predonationCBCplatelet values (P< .001), lipemic index (P= .01), and phosphorous levels (P= .001). Collectively these 3 variables explained 29% of the variance in platelet concentrations inPCs.Conclusions and clinical importanceFuture prospective studies are required to determine if canine blood donations from dogs with lipemia yieldPCs with higher platelet concentrations without negatively affecting other blood components.