bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The media literacy movement’s debt to Marshall McLuhan
Authors: Kuskis Alex 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Media ecologists Marshall McLuhan and Neil Postman considered education to be the essential way to counter the negative effects of technopoly, which define a culture that deifies technology, and seeks support, authority and its satisfactions from it. The relatively new subject of media literacy seeks to convey awareness of media’s potential harms and to shield its users from becoming unwilling servants of technology. Marshall McLuhan wrote extensively about education and created the very first high school media studies curriculum for the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB) in the United States, influencing the media literacy practitioners to come. The first generation of media literacy teachers in Canada and the United States adopted a broad conception of what was needed for students to be considered media literate. The question to be considered is whether, since then the teaching of media literacy has become focused more narrowly on content analysis and the how-to aspects of media use, while neglecting the theoretical and conceptual roots of media studies.
Studi Pengembangan Wilayah Kota Sukabumi
Authors: Pahlevi Noviar , Hadi Setia , Soma Soekmana 
Published: March 2016

Sukabumi development approach which has been more emphasis on economic growth tends to ignore the regional disparities. Therefore, it is necessary to study and identify the direction of regional development policy . By knowing the level of disparity that occurred in this research sought leading sectors and the level of regional development to build of the Sukabumi city. The analytical method used is the Williamson index , Theil index , Location Quotient , Shift Share Analysis , Entropy and Schallogram . From the analysis is known that there has been a disparities of Sukabumi areas in middle category / uneven . The development of the old town area which consists of a level hierarchy I and II have the balance of diversity and economic sectors better, the leading sector dominated by the tertiary sector which is urban characteristics . While the new city area, including the development of a hierarchy of regions III and leading sectors dominated by primary and secondary sectors which are characteristic of rural areas.Sukabumi development approach which has been more emphasis on economic growth tends to ignore the regional disparities. Therefore, it is necessary to study and identify the direction of regional development policy . By knowing the level of disparity that occurred in this research sought leading sectors and the level of regional development to build of the Sukabumi city. The analytical method used is the Williamson index , Theil index , Location Quotient , Shift Share Analysis , Entropy and Schallogram . From the analysis is known that there has been a disparities of Sukabumi areas in middle category / uneven . The development of the old town area which consists of a level hierarchy I and II have the balance of diversity and economic sectors better, the leading sector dominated by the tertiary sector which is urban characteristics . While the new city area, including the development of a hierarchy of regions III and leading sectors dominated by primary and secondary sectors which are characteristic of rural areas.
Dampak Transformasi Mata Pencaharian Terhadap Kondisi Ekonomi dan Sosial Masyarakat (Studi Kasus pada Usaha / Kegiatan Penambangan Mineral Logam Mangan di Wilayah IUP PT Bun Yan Hasanah di Desa Nian Kecamatan Miomafo Tengah Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara)
Authors: Mbawo Stefanus Frengki 
Published: March 2016

This research was conducted in the area of North Central Timor Government District of Central Miomafo Nian village on 18 November 2013 to 18 May 2014 This study examines the impact of the transformation of the livelihood and economic and social conditions (Case Study On Business / Manganese Mineral Mining Activities Region Iup PT. Bun Yan Hasanah in Nian village Miomafo District of Central North Central Timor). With the aim to determine the impact of the transformation of the livelihood and economic and social conditions, the type of research used is descriptive analytical approach using ex post facto that the data collected after the incident took place. With each study variable, namely (1) changes in the orientation of the public about livelihood, (2) economic conditions, (3) social conditions. The sampling technique was conducted by distributing questionnaires and direct interviews or questionnaires to 20 respondents who are involved actively in mining activities. Data were collected and analyzed by using AHP method. Results and discussion illustrate that the impact on the livelihood transformation of economic conditions showed the highest value of 67% and is followed by changes in the livelihood of 25% and 8% of social conditions. The fact indicates that the level 1 criteria matiks that economic criteria with sub-criteria fulfillment necessities of life ie 27% priority to the welfare of society villagers Nian District of Central Miomafo TTU.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN AGROPOLITAN BERBASIS TANAMAN PANGAN DI KOTA PADANG (Agropolitan Development Strategy Based on Food Crops in Padang City)
Authors: Martadona Ilham , Purnamadewi Yeti Lis , Najib Mukhamad 
Published: March 2016

The role of Agricultural sector isn't only to ensure food supplies but also as an income generating through export activities. Padang is potentially developed to modern agriculture due to vast number of agriculture land. Base on regulation No.18 of 2004 on RPJP and Regulation No.9 of 2009 on RPJM, Padang is declared as Agropolitan area. The Agropolitan concept is expected to increase agriculture-based development, because the GDP share of agriculture is relatively small. This study aims are to analyze a basic food crops, 2) to choose the region which will develop as agropolitan area base on availability of facilities and infrastructure in that region and 3) to formulate development strategies of agropolitan area. The analysis of LQ indicate rice crop as the basic commodity with the LQ greater than one. Skalogram analysis and diamond porter show that Sub District Kuranji is potentially developed as a growth center in the Agropolitan Area because it has the most complete facilities and infrastructure. In this research the development strategies are to develop agricultural infrastructure (sub terminal of agribusiness) and institutional strengthening of capital institution.
DESIGNING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP FOR BONTANG INDUSTRIAL ESTATE
Authors: Pamungkas Adjie , Ardian Yudha , Hanoraga Tony , Sodiq Mohammad , Muhktasor M , Siswanto Vely Kukinul 
Published: March 2016

<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-AU">Bontang Local Government has planned Bontang Industrial Estate (BIE) to accommodate oil, gas, condensate and other industries. The estate will need investment for about IDR. 2.27 Trillion while the total annual local government budget is near to IDR 2 Trillion. Moreover, the estate has to be operated in a business manner while the local government officers have a culture in non-profit organisation as part of bureaucracy. However, the BIE feasibility study 2013 has determined that the estate will generate economic multipliers boosting the city development. Therefore, a partnership among government and private parties should be determined and accommodated in a proper cooperation arrangement. To design the partnership, we review literature, interview related private parties and confirm opinions of the private parties to the governments. A content analysis was used to assess information from the interviews. Considering the final outputs, BIE should be organised by a pure private enterprise or Ltd. to ensure the economic viable of the estate. The Ltd. is a partnership among the government and private parties via shareholders. The government can still hold a majority share with special arrangement in investment scheme. For the initial investments, the government can use its assets valued as 51% of total share while private parties can inject cash money equal to 49% of the total. With this capital arrangement, the estate can be operated with initial investment for about IDR. 267.11 Billion on 244.97 Ha land. This initial investment can be profitable with IDR. 650 Billion NPV, 19.93% IRR and 13.95 year PP.</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-AU">Bontang Local Government has planned Bontang Industrial Estate (BIE) to accommodate oil, gas, condensate and other industries. </span>
Plato on Grief as a Mental Disorder
Authors: Austin Emily A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:This paper considers two competing interpretations of Socrates’ discussions of the appropriateness of grief in Plato’s Republic. The commonly accepted ‘Stoic Reading’ maintains that Plato thinks grief can and should be eliminated by the fully virtuous individual. I offer a textual case for the ‘Conflict Reading’, according to which grief is ineliminable, and sometimes appropriate. I focus primarily on three passages: the justification for censoring depictions of grief in Book III (387d–388a), the shared grieving of the collective family in Book V (462a–463e), and the Book X passage about the decent person’s measured grief (603e–604d). I show that these passages offer not only evidence that grief cannotbe eliminated, but also hint at an underlying account of why it resists elimination.
If Yes, Why Not? Minority Language Use and Accommodation of Minority Language Rights in Slovakia
Authors: Vass Ágnes 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This article gives an overview of the actual situation of language rights in Slovakia, focusing mainly on the minority language usage. The status of minority languages in Slovakia is still a politicized question and a series of conflicts arose especially between Slovak political elites and the representatives of ethnic Hungarians because of the controversial legislation of minority language rights. Slovakia was subjected in the field of minority protection and heavily criticized during the adoption of the State Language Law. Strict regulations on the use of state language have negative effects on the use of minority languages as well. In spite of the fact that in 1999 the Law on Use of Minority Languages was adopted and Slovakia ratified all of the international agreements in this field, the problem of minority language usage was not solved. This legal vacuum motivated the Hungarian civil sphere to take alternative actions in order to ensure bilingualism and promote the use of minority languages in official communication. Summarizing the legal accommodation of minority language rights, this paper is devoted to examine a recently less-observed civil activism supporting the use of regional languages in Slovakia.
Language Politics and Language Rights on the Territory of Former Yugoslavia the Today’s Serbia/Vojvodina
Authors: Szerbhorváth György 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we will attempt to outline the process of how the nationality/minority rights, especially the minority language rights, were changed in the former Yugoslavia in the next period of times: … and how they have changed in Serbia since 1990, and in Vojvodina. We present the most significant constitutional and legal changes, their impact on the institutional and everyday life, and the language policy tendencies.
Finally, we discuss how the formation of the Serbian National Councils have shaped the linguistic rights of minorities in Vojvodina, in particularly after 2009, through examining the work, experiences, and the strategy of the Hungarian National Council and the Hungarians living there.
Iron homeostasis after blood transfusion in stable preterm infants – an observational study
Authors: Herzlich Jacky , Litmanovitz Ita , Regev Rivka , Bauer Sofia , Sirota Gisela , Steiner Zvi , Arnon Shmuel 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Aim:
To evaluate the short-term effects of blood transfusion on iron status [hemoglobin, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and reticulocyte count], hepcidin, and erythropoietin in stable preterm infants.

Method:
Sixty-three preterm infants treated with red blood cell transfusions (RBCTs) were included. Venous blood samples were collected before and within 24 h after each transfusion.

Results:
Hemoglobin concentration increased after RBCT (7.2±1.2 g/dL vs. 13.7±2.3 g/dL, P=0.02), as well as ferritin [131 (63–110.4) ng/mL vs. 211 (125.7–299.2) ng/mL, P=0.05); reticulocyte count decreased. sTfR did not change. Hepcidin serum levels increased from 37.5 (21.3–84.7) ng/mL to 72.6 (31.3–126.2) ng/mL, (P=0.04) and erythropoietin decreased (48±19 pg/mL vs. 29±17 pg/mL, P=0.06) after RBCT. A positive linear correlation was found (R2=0.76, P=0.0001) between hepcidin and ferritin levels of post-minus-pre RBCT. Hepcidin levels increased significantly in preterm infants who received RBCT after 1 month of age compared to those who received RBCT at <1 month (P=0.03). No correlation was found between gestational age, weight appropriate for age, or length of blood storage and hepcidin levels.

Conclusion:
Preterm infants can control iron levels by regulating hepcidin and decreasing erythropoietin. This ability varies with postnatal age.
The role of detoxifying enzymes in the resistance of the cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) to thiamethoxam
Authors: Abdallah Ibrahim Saleh , Abou-Yousef Hala Mohamed , Fouad Eman Atef , Kandil Mohammed Abd El-Hady 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) is considered a serious insect pest attacking several crops. We carried out biochemical studies to elucidate the role of the metabolising enzymes in conferring resistance to thiamethoxam, in two strains (resistant and susceptible) of the cowpea aphid. Bioassay experiments showed that the thiamethoxam selected strain developed a 48 fold resistance after consecutive selection with thiamethoxam for 12 generations. This resistant strain also exhibited cross-resistance to the tested carbamates; pirimicarb and carbosulfan, organophosphorus (malathion, fenitrothion, and chlorpyrifos-methyl), and the neonicotinoid (acetamiprid). Synergism studies have indicated that S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), a known inhibitor for esterases, increased thiamethoxam toxicity 5.58 times in the resistant strain compared with the susceptible strain. Moreover, the biochemical determination revealed that carboxylestersae activity was 30 times greater in the resistant strain than in the susceptible strain. In addition, the enzyme activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and mixed function oxidases (mfo) increased only in the resistant strain 3.7 and 2.7 times, respectively, in relation to the susceptible (the control). Generally, our results suggest that the higher activity of the detoxifying enzymes, particularly carboxylesterase, in the resistant strain of the cowpea aphid, apparently have a significant role in endowing resistance to thiamethoxam, although additional mechanisms may contribute.
Enactable and Enforceable: Kant’s Criteria for Right and Virtue
Authors: O’Neill Onora 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:Kant’s distinction between duties of right and of virtue remains controversial, for a number of reasons. A close look at the distinctions he draws and the claims that he makes suggests that a distinction between the requirements of enforceable duties of right and of unenforceable duties of virtue is neither exclusive nor exhaustive. It is not exclusive because it is possible to fulfil duties of right as a matter of principle, in which case what is done is both right and virtuous. It is not exhaustive because certain duties, among them the duty to enter a civil condition and duties of equity, are not in principle enforceable, yet are duties of right.
Development and Validation of Confirmatory Method for Analysis of Nitrofuran Metabolites in Milk, Honey, Poultry Meat and Fish by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Alkan Fatih , Kotan Arzu , Ozdemir Nurullah 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this study we have devoloped and validated a confirmatory analysis method for nitrofuran metabolites, which is in accordance with European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC requirements. Nitrofuran metabolites in honey, milk, poultry meat and fish samples were acidic hydrolised followed by derivatisation with nitrobenzaldehyde and liquid-liquid extracted with ethylacetate. The quantitative and confirmative determination of nitrofuran metbolites was performed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) in the positive ion mode. In-house method validation was performed and reported data of validation (specificity, linearity, recovery, CCα and CCβ). The advantage of this method is that it avoids the use of clean-up by Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE). Furthermore, low levels of nitrofuran metabolites are detectable and quantitatively confirmed at a rapid rate in all samples.
The Paradox of Human Equivalent Dose Formula: A Canonical Case Study of Abrus Precatorius Aqueous Leaf Extract in Monogastric Animals
Authors: Saganuwan Saganuwan Alhaji , Onyeyili Patrick Azubuike 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
There is abundant literature on the toxicity of A. precatorius seeds. However there is a need to define the toxicity limit of the Abrus precatorius leaf in monogastric animals. Human Equivalent Dose (HED) which is equal to animal dose multiplied by animal km (metabolism constant) divided by human km was used to project the LD50 of fifteen monogastric animals, where human km factor is body weight (kg) divided by body surface area (m2). Human Equivalent No-observable Adverse Effect Doses were determined by multiplying the animal no-observable adverse effect dose by animal weight (Wa) divided by human weight (Wh). The LD50 of the aqueous leaf extract of Abrus precatorius in mice was estimated to be between 2559.5 and 3123.3 mg/kg body weight. The LD50 extrapolated from mouse to rat (1349.3-1646.6 mg/kg), hamster (1855.3-2264.1 mg/kg), guinea pig (1279.5-1561.4 mg/kg), rabbit (618.4-754.7 mg/kg), monkey (593.7-724.5 mg/kg), cat (392.7-479.2 mg/kg), dog and baboon (371.1-452.8 mg/kg), child (297-362 mg/kg) and adult human (197.8-241.5 mg/kg) body weight respectively could be a reality. The therapeutic safe dose range for the animals was 1-12.5 mg/kg body weight for a period of 7 days, but at a dose (≤ 200 mg/kg body weight) the leaf extract showed haematinic effect. However, at a higher dose (> 200 mg/kg), the extract showed haemolytic activity in rats, whereas at a dose (≥25.0 mg/kg), the leaf extract might be organotoxic in hamster, guinea pig, rabbit, monkey, cat, dog, baboon, child and adult human if administered orally for a period of 7 days.
Subspecies differentiation of the house mouse Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758 in the center and east of the Iranian plateau and Afghanistan
Authors: Hamid Haddadian Shad , Darvish Jamshid , Rastegar-Pouyani Eskandar , Mahmoudi Ahmad 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The phylogeography and subspecific situation of the house mouse, Mus musculus in the center and east of the Iranian Plateau has hitherto been neglected due to the hypothesis of commensalism origin of the Iranian house mouse in this region. Meanwhile, geographic barriers in central Iran have an important effect on subspeciation of the house mouse in this region. In this study, a total of 123 specimens of mice from Iran and Afghanistan were included in the molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene, 156 specimens of mice were included in geometric morphometrics of the dorsal view of the skull, and 69 specimens of those in outline analysis of the first lower molar (m1). To further explore the relationship among the clades, we selected 19 individuals from the four clades and ran a phylogenetic analysis on concatenated sequences of both cytb and the D-loop. Molecular results using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) showed that the Iranian Plateau is occupied with four mitochondrial clades: Mus musculus
musculus in northeastern Iran, Mus musculus domesticus in western Iran in the Zagros Mountains up to the Persian Gulf basins, clade A (Mus musculus bactrianus) in the east of Iran and Afghanistan, and a new clade B (Mus musculus isatissus) from the center of Iran, which is the sister clade to clade A. This finding demonstrated that the house mouse of central Iran is different from that in the east of Iran and Afghanistan. Geometric morphometrics analyses and other morphometric methods of skull and m1 discriminate clade A and clade B. Both molecular and geometric morphometrics analyses separate clade A and clade B. The house mouse of central Iran should be considered as a new subspecies, M. m. isatissus spp.nov. Our molecular and geometric morphometrics analyses concluded that clade A belongs to the subspecies M. m. bactrianus, thereby expanding the distribution of the subspecies from its type locality in the south of Afghanistan to the east of Iran.
KH2PO4 crystallisation from potassium chloride and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
Authors: Jančaitienė Kristina , Šlinkšienė Rasa 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Seeking to obtain bulk (NPK – nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), chlorine-free fertilizers, the influence of interaction between potassium chloride and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in aqueous solutions at temperature of 20, 40, 60 and 80°C has been investigated. Components of the solid phase have been identified by methods of chemical and instrumental analysis: radiography (X – ray), infra – red molecular absorption spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It has been observed that the largest amount of solid state potassium dihydrogen phosphate was obtained at 60–80°C, when the potassium chloride and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate molar ratio is equal 0.8:0.2. Changing the molar ratio of 0.5:0.5 to 0.8:0.2, and with increasing temperature, various shaped crystals have developed in the remaining aqueous solutions with a morphology shifting from sharp needles to tetragonal prism.
A multiscale methodology for CFD simulation of catalytic distillation bale packings
Authors: Ding Huidian , Xiang Wenyu , Liu Chunjiang 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A multiscale model for simulating the hydrodynamic behavior of catalytic bale packings has been proposed. This model combines computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and macroscopic calculation. At small scale calculation, the CFD model includes 3-D volume-of-fluid (VOF) simulation within representative elementary unit (REU) under unsteady-state conditions. The REU constitutes gauze and catalyst domain, and porous media model is applied. At large scale calculation, a new mechanistic model deduced from the unit network model is employed. Based on liquid split proportion from small scale calculation, liquid distribution of the entire bale packing can be predicted. To evaluate different packing design, three common bale arrangements, i.e. one-bale, nine-bales and seven-bales, are compared. The area-weighted Christiansen uniformity coefficient is introduced to assess the distribution performance. A comparison between simulation and experimental results is made to validate the multiscale model. The present methodology is proved to be effective to analysis and design of catalytic distillation columns.