bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid BisQACs: Potent Biscationic Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Merging the Structures of Two Commercial Antiseptics
Authors: Schallenhammer Stephanie A. , Duggan Stephanie M. , Morrison Kelly R. , Bentley Brian S. , Wuest William M. , Minbiole Kevin P. C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBenzalkonium chloride (BAC) and cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC) are two of the most common household antiseptics, but show weaker efficacy against Gram‐negative bacteria as well as against methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains, relative to otherS. aureusstrains. We prepared 28 novel quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) that represent a hybrid of these two structures, using 1‐ to 2‐step synthetic sequences. The biscationic (bisQAC) species prepared show uniformly potent activity against six bacterial strains tested, with nine novel antiseptics displaying single‐digit micromolar activity across the board. Effects of unequal chain lengths of two installed side chains had less impact than the overall number of side chain carbon atoms present, which was optimal at 22–25 carbons. This is further indication that simple refinements to multiQAC architectures can show improvement over current household antiseptics.
Packet splitting and adaptive modulation based on CSI of time domain for decode‐and‐forward cooperative OFDM systems in different channel model
Authors: Ida Yuta , Matsumoto Takahiro , Matsufuji Shinya 
Published: October 2017

SummaryCooperative communications obtain the transmission and channel diversity gains by using the relay node. However, since cooperative communications transmit the redundancy signal to obtain the transmission diversity gain, the transmission rate is degraded. Moreover, since cooperative communications add the interference in the relay node, the diversity gain is also degraded. The packet splitting has been proposed based on the channel state information of the time domain to obtain the good system performance without the redundancy signal. Moreover, the adaptive modulation has been proposed to improve the transmission rate. In this paper, we propose the combination method with the packet splitting and the adaptive modulation based on the channel state information of the time domain to improve the bit error rate and throughput performances for decode‐and‐forward cooperative orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems in the different channel model. From the computer simulation results, we determine the optimum weight and threshold for the proposed method. Moreover, the proposed method shows the good bit error rate and throughput performances.
Review and experimental evaluation of the embryonic development and evolutionary history of flipper development and hyperphalangy in dolphins (Cetacea: Mammalia)
Authors: Cooper Lisa Noelle , Sears Karen E. , Armfield Brooke A. , Kala Bhavneet , Hubler Merla , Thewissen J. G. M. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryCetaceans are the only mammals to have evolved hyperphalangy, an increase in the number of phalanges beyond the mammalian plesiomorphic condition of three phalanges per digit. In this study, cetaceans were used as a novel model to review previous studies of mammalian hyperphalangy and contribute new experimental evidence as to the molecular origins of this phenotype in embryos of the pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata). Results show embryos of dolphins, mice, and pigs share similar spatiotemporal patterns of signaling proteins known to shape limbs of mammals (e.g., FGF8, BMP2/4, WNT, GREM). However, fetal dolphins differ in that their interdigital tissues are retained, instead of undergoing apoptosis, and that multiple waves of interdigital signals likely contribute to the patterning of supernumerary joints and phalanges in adjacent digits. Integration of fossil and experimental evidence suggests that the presence of interdigital webbing within the fossils of semi‐aquatic cetaceans, recovered from the Eocene Epoch (49Ma), was probably the result of BMP‐antagonists counteracting interdigital apoptosis during embryonic limb development. Modifications to signals originating in these interdigital tissues likely contributed to the origin of an incipient form of hyperphalangy in obligatorily aquatic cetaceans about 35Ma. Finally, an extreme form of hyperphalangy, with six or more phalanges per digit, evolved independently in rorqual whales (Balaenopteridae) and delphinids, and was probably associated with a wave of signaling within the interdigital tissues.
Gleichstellung – ganz eigensinnig gedacht
Authors: Fischer Roland A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDie Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern in der deutschen Wissenschaft bleibt weiter hinter den Möglichkeiten zurück. Die DFG will deshalb nicht nur ihre bisherigen Impulse fortführen, sondern auch neue Akzente setzen – in qualitativer Hinsicht und im eigenen Förderhandeln. Dies zu tun, ist im ureigensten Interesse der Wissenschaft und ihrer Zukunftsfähigkeit.
Recellularization of well‐preserved decellularized kidney scaffold using adipose tissue‐derived stem cells
Authors: Xue Aibing , Niu Guangzhu , Chen Yuan , Li Kailin , Xiao Zhiying , Luan Yun , Sun Chao , Xie Xiaoshuai , Zhang Denglu , Du Xiaohang , Kong Feng , Guo Yanxia , Zhang Haiyang , Cheng Guanghui , Xin Qian , Guan Yong , Zhao Shengtian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTo establish a recellularization kidney model by using adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) as seeding cells and to investigate the growth and differentiation of ADSCs in decellularized kidney scaffolds. ADSCs were isolated using a modified method and then identified using flow cytometry analysis. Osteogenesis and adipogenesis differentiation were performed. Rat kidneys were decellularized using 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and scanning electron microscope were conducted to examine the scaffold microstructure. The decellularized kidney scaffold was seeded with ADSCs antegrade through the artery or retrograde through the ureter and cultured for 5–10 days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were applied to assess growth and differentiation of seeding cells within the scaffold. ADSCs populated within the glomerular, vascular, and tubular area of kidney scaffolds. Cells differentiated toward endothelial or tubular cells. Stromal cell‐derived factor 1 promoted cell attachment in the scaffold. These findings suggest that ADSCs can be used as an additional new source of seeding cells within decellularized kidney scaffold. This combination may offer an alternative to donor kidney transplant. In this way, autologous ADSCs can be utilized as seeding cells in cell‐scaffold kidney regeneration for further clinical transplantation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 805–814, 2018.
Effectiveness of Oral Bisphosphonates in Reducing Fracture Risk Among Oral Glucocorticoid Users: Three Matched Cohort Analyses
Authors: Amiche M Amine , Lévesque Linda E , Gomes Tara , Adachi Jonathan D , Cadarette Suzanne M 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

The benefit of oral bisphosphonates in reducing fracture risk in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is controversial. We aimed to estimate the effectiveness of oral bisphosphonates in reducing fracture risk in a cohort of new chronic oral glucocorticoid users. We created three matched cohorts using health care administrative data from Ontario, Canada. We included residents aged 66 years and older initiating chronic oral glucocorticoids (≥450 mg prednisone equivalent and ≥2 glucocorticoid prescriptions within a 6-month window) between January 1998 and September 2014. Exposed patients were those who initiated an oral bisphosphonate (alendronate, etidronate, or risedronate) within the first 6 months of starting chronic oral glucocorticoid therapy. Exposed cohorts (3945 alendronate, 5825 risedronate, and 8464 etidronate) were each matched 1:1 to unexposed patients on glucocorticoid exposure, fracture risk factors, and propensity score. We examined incident hip (primary outcome), vertebral, forearm, and humerus fractures using Cox proportional hazard models. Alendronate (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25–0.80) and risedronate (HR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.36–0.90) were associated with reduced hip fracture risk. Alendronate (HR =  0.52, 95% CI 0.39–0.68), etidronate (HR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.48–0.73) and risedronate (HR = 0.47 95% CI 0.36–0.60) were associated with reduced vertebral fracture risk. No risk reduction in forearm or humerus fractures was apparent for any bisphosphonate. Among older chronic glucocorticoid initiators, all oral bisphosphonates reduced vertebral fracture risk, yet only alendronate and risedronate reduced hip fracture risk. Results were similar between men and women. We provided compelling evidence that early initiation of oral bisphosphonates during chronic oral glucocorticoid therapy is beneficial to prevent osteoporotic fractures. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Retracted: Suppression of long non‐coding RNA LET potentiates bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) proliferation by up‐regulating TGF‐β1
Authors: Jin Xin , Zhang Zhiliang , Lu Yi , Fan Zhihong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLong non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) show an encouraging trend in regulating the proliferation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs). The present study investigated the role of lncRNA low expression in tumor (LET) in BMSCs proliferation. Our result showed that LET was down‐regulated in rapidly proliferated BMSCs (P < 0.05). Suppression of LET promoted BMSCs proliferation and over‐expression of LET inhibited BMSCs proliferation (P < 0.05). LET negatively regulated the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) in BMSCs (P < 0.05). Knockdown of TGF‐β1 reversed the LET suppression‐induced BMSCs proliferation (P < 0.05). Moreover, knockdown of TGF‐β1 alleviated the LET suppression‐induced activation of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in BMSCs. Therefore, we drew the conclusion that LET suppression promoted BMSCs proliferation by up‐regulating the expression of TGF‐β1 and activating Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
Indecomposable 1‐factorizations of the complete multigraph for every
Authors: Bonvicini S. , Rinaldi G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA 1‐factorization of the complete multigraph is said to be indecomposable if it cannot be represented as the union of 1‐factorizations of and , where . It is said to be simple if no 1‐factor is repeated. For every and for every , we construct an indecomposable 1‐factorization of , which is not simple. These 1‐factorizations provide simple and indecomposable 1‐factorizations of for every and . We also give a generalization of a result by Colbourn et al., which provides a simple and indecomposable 1‐factorization of , where , , p prime.
Sustainable approach to biotransform industrial sludge into organic fertilizer via vermicomposting: a mini‐review
Authors: Lee Leong Hwee , Wu Ta Yeong , Shak Katrina Pui Yee , Lim Su Lin , Ng Kok Yew , Nguyen Minh N , Teoh Wen Hui 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTCurrently, industrial sludge is generated in large amounts. Industrial sludge is a solid or semi‐solid material consisting of all compounds removed from wastewater, as well as any substances added to the biological and chemical operation units during the treatment process. The composition of sludge may vary considerably. Furthermore, distinctive treatment and disposal methods are necessary as sludge produced from different industries has different characteristics. Therefore, processing and disposing of industrial sludge is a challenging and complex environmental problem. Landfilling, incineration and agricultural land application are the three most commonly employed methods for the disposal of industrial sludge. Among the three methods, the agricultural land application is a convenient and economical disposal alternative for industrial sludge. However, industrial sludge could have high putrescible content and pathogenic hazards. One possible way to ensure that the industrial sludge could be reused on agricultural land is by conditioning and stabilizing the sludge using a pretreatment process. One of the pretreatment processes which could be employed in this context is vermicomposting. Vermicomposting is an alternative for biological stabilization of organic wastes, with the addition of earthworms. Through vermicomposting, industrial sludge could be transformed into matured organic fertilizer or vermicompost in a shorter period. Thus, this work reviewed the recent literature on utilizing the vermicomposting process to manage industrial sludge in order to assess the feasibility of this technology. The present review also provides a brief overview of the production and treatment methods of industrial sludge. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Intrinsically Disordered Proteome of Human Membrane‐Less Organelles
Authors: Darling April L. , Liu Yun , Oldfield Christopher J. , Uversky Vladimir N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIt is recognized now that various proteinaceous membrane‐less organelles (PMLOs) are commonly found in cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria of various eukaryotic cells (as well as in the chloroplasts of plant cells). Being different from the “traditional” membrane‐encapsulated organelles, such as chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, nucleus, and vacuoles, PMLOs solve the cellular need to facilitate and regulate molecular interactions via reversible and controllable isolation of target molecules in specialized compartments. PMLOs possess liquid‐like behavior and are believed to be formed as a result of biological liquid‐liquid phase transitions (LLPTs, also known as liquid‐liquid phase separation), where an intricate interplay between RNA and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) or hybrid proteins containing ordered domains and intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs) may play an important role. This review analyzes the prevalence of intrinsic disorder in proteins associated with various PMLOs found in human cells and considers some of the functional roles of IDPs/IDPRs in biogenesis of these organelles.
Does gold cluster promote or scavenge radicals? A controversy at DFT
Authors: Ahmadi Aliakbar , Kassaee Mohammad Zaman , Fattahi Alireza 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAnticancer character of gold cluster has been indicated through its free radical scavenging properties. This is in contrast to its free radical promoting ability suggested by other workers. Here, we address this controversy by probing the stabilizing effects of Au3 cluster on RO• vs its impacts on RO–H bond dissociation enthalpy, at B3LYP/ LACVP+* level (R═H, methyl, ethyl, n‐propyl, i‐propyl, n‐butyl, t‐butyl, and phenyl). In the presence of Au3 cluster, bond dissociation enthalpy of O–H bond and the spin density at the RO• oxygen are reduced dramatically. These are clear evidences for both the Au3 facilitation of the RO–H bond breakage and its scavenging of RO• radical. Since O–Au anchoring bond is responsible for the interaction of Au3 cluster and ROH (or RO•), its nature was interpreted by means of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules and the natural bond orbital. The results indicate that O–Au bond is stronger and has more covalent character in RO•–Au3 than in ROH–Au3. The interaction of Au3 cluster with RO• is 1.5 to 3 times more than that with ROH. As a result, gold cluster scavenging property appears more prominent than its free radical initiation activity.
RCSB Protein Data Bank: Sustaining a living digital data resource that enables breakthroughs in scientific research and biomedical education
Authors: Burley Stephen K. , Berman Helen M. , Christie Cole , Duarte Jose M. , Feng Zukang , Westbrook John , Young Jasmine , Zardecki Christine 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Protein Data Bank (PDB) is one of two archival resources for experimental data central to biomedical research and education worldwide (the other key Primary Data Archive in biology being the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration). The PDB currently houses >134,000 atomic level biomolecular structures determined by crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and 3D electron microscopy. It was established in 1971 as the first open‐access, digital‐data resource in biology, and is managed by the Worldwide Protein Data Bank partnership (wwPDB; wwpdb.org). US PDB operations are conducted by the RCSB Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB; RCSB.org; Rutgers University and UC San Diego) and funded by NSF, NIH, and DoE. The RCSB PDB serves as the global Archive Keeper for the wwPDB. During calendar 2016, >591 million structure data files were downloaded from the PDB by Data Consumers working in every sovereign nation recognized by the United Nations. During this same period, the RCSB PDB processed >5300 new atomic level biomolecular structures plus experimental data and metadata coming into the archive from Data Depositors working in the Americas and Oceania. In addition, RCSB PDB served >1 million RCSB.org users worldwide with PDB data integrated with ∼40 external data resources providing rich structural views of fundamental biology, biomedicine, and energy sciences, and >600,000 PDB101.rcsb.org educational website users around the globe. RCSB PDB resources are described in detail together with metrics documenting the impact of access to PDB data on basic and applied research, clinical medicine, education, and the economy.
On the interaction of observation and prior error correlations in data assimilation
Authors: Fowler A. M. , Dance S. L. , Waller J. A. 
Published: October 2017

The importance of prior error correlations in data assimilation has long been known; however, observation‐error correlations have typically been neglected. Recent progress has been made in estimating and accounting for observation‐error correlations, allowing for the optimal use of denser observations. Given this progress, it is now timely to ask how prior and observation‐error correlations interact and how this affects the value of the observations in the analysis. Addressing this question is essential to understanding the optimal design of future observation networks for high‐resolution numerical weather prediction. This article presents new results, which unify and advance upon previous studies on this topic.The interaction of the prior and observation‐error correlations is illustrated with a series of two‐variable experiments in which the mapping between the state and observed variables (the observation operator) is allowed to vary. In an optimal system, the reduction in the analysis‐error variance and spread of information is shown to be greatest when the observation and prior errors have complementary statistics: for example, in the case of direct observations, when the correlations between the observation and prior errors have opposite signs. This can be explained in terms of the relative uncertainty of the observations and prior on different spatial scales. The results from these simple two‐variable experiments are used to inform the optimal observation density for observations of a circular domain (with 32 grid points). It is found that dense observations are most beneficial when they provide a more accurate estimate of the state at smaller scales than the prior estimate. In the case of second‐order auto‐regressive correlation functions, this is achieved when the length‐scales of the observation‐error correlations are greater than those of the prior estimate and the observations are direct measurements of the state variables.
Theoretical study on inverse sandwiches [M(AIP)]2(C4H4) (M = V, Cr): High spin multiplicity of septet and nonet
Authors: Liu Nannan , Wang Jian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe experimental synthesis of quintet [V(AIP)]2(μ‐C6H6) and septet [Cr(AIP)]2(μ‐C6H6) analogues provide a new strategy to produce high spin multiplicity by utilizing inverse sandwiches. Aiming to design higher spin multiplicity, [M(AIP)]2(μ‐C4H4) (M = Cr, V) using C4H4 as central ligand are theoretically proposed. For [V(AIP)]2(μ‐C4H4), the most stable isomer group contains the septet and the open‐shell singlet isomers, which have three unpaired electrons on each V atoms. For [Cr(AIP)]2(μ‐C4H4), the most stable isomer group contains the septet and the nonet isomers, which have three and four unpaired electrons on each Cr atoms, respectively. The dissociation energies indicate that the above [M(AIP)]2(μ‐C4H4) are as stable as the available [M(AIP)]2(μ‐C6H6). It would be a reasonable strategy using C4H4 as central ligand to induce the higher spin multiplicity of inverse sandwiches.
Impact of Carbon Nanostructures as Additives with Spinel Li4Ti5O12/LiMn2O4 Electrodes for Lithium Ion Battery Technology
Authors: Gangaja Binitha , Reddy Kasireddy Siva , Nair Shantikumar , Santhanagopalan Dhamodaran 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSpinel structured nanomaterials have shown good stability for lithium ion storage applications. Among all, Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anode and LiMn2O4 (LMO) cathode is a potential combination for high energy and high power applications. In the present work, we utilize this specific combination to fabricate full‐cells in combination with carbon nanostructures as additives. Typically, 20–25 nm sized LTO and 200–500 nm sized LMO nanoparticle electrodes are composited with carbon nanostructures including, carbon nanotube (CNT), carbon black (CB) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). High rate performance of respective half‐cells (lithium metal as counter electrode) of LTO and LMO are tested up to 50C. It was found that half‐cells with CNT additive retained almost 80% of its 1C rate capacity at 50C rate. Also both the electrodes exhibited 1000 cycles stability with retention of about 80% at 10C rate cycling. Using these CNT additive based electrodes, a full‐cell fabricated and tested exhibited high capacity and stable cycling over 500 cycles at 1000 mA/g specific current. The full‐cell delivered power density of about 2310 W/kg and energy density of about 140 Wh/kg that can be further improved for high power Li‐ion battery technology.
A Novel Construction of Lentiviral Vectors for Eliminating Tumorigenic Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Ide Kanako , Mitsui Kaoru , Irie Rie , Matsushita Yohei , Ijichi Nobuhiro , Toyodome Soichiro , Kosai Ken-ichiro 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The risk of tumor formation poses a challenge for human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based transplantation therapy. Specific and total elimination of tumorigenic hPSCs by suicide genes (SGs) has not been achieved because no methodology currently exists for testing multiple candidate transgene constructs. Here, we present a novel method for efficient generation of tumorigenic cell-targeting lentiviral vectors (TC-LVs) with diverse promoters upstream of a fluorescent protein and SGs. Our two-plasmid system achieved rapid and simultaneous construction of different TC-LVs with different promoters. Ganciclovir (GCV) exerted remarkable cytotoxicity in herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase-transduced hPSCs, and high specificity for undifferentiated cells was achieved using the survivin promoter (TC-LV.Surv). Moreover, GCV treatment completely abolished teratoma formation by TC-LV.Surv-infected hPSCs transplanted into mice, without harmful effects. Thus, TC-LV can efficiently identify the best promoter and SG for specific and complete elimination of tumorigenic hPSCs, facilitating the development of safe regenerative medicine.