bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth factor delivery of BMP9 using a novel natural bovine bone graft with integrated atelo‐collagen type I: Biosynthesis, characterization, and cell behavior
Authors: Fujioka‐Kobayashi Masako , Schaller Benoit , Saulacic Nikola , Zhang Yufeng , Miron Richard J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWithin the past years, BMP9 has been characterized as one of the most osteogenic bone‐inducers among the BMP family, however up until recently, BMP9 has only been available through adenovirus transfection experiments (gene therapy) not approved for clinical use. The aim of this study was to investigate recombinant rhBMP9 versus rhBMP2 at 2 concentrations (10 and 100 ng/mL) in combination with 2 bone grafts: (1) a natural bone mineral (NBM) without collagen versus (2) a novel NBM integrated with atelo‐collagen type I (NBM‐Col). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that while NBM demonstrated a mineralized roughened surface morphology, NBM‐Col particles contained many more visible collagen fibrils throughout the scaffold surface significantly increasing rhBMP adsorption from 8 h to 10 days (as quantified by ELISA). Thereafter, ST2 preosteoblasts were used to investigate cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. While little change was observed for cell attachment/proliferation, osteoblast differentiation demonstrated a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity when scaffolds were loaded with rhBMP9 when compared to rhBMP2. Furthermore, a 2‐3 fold increase in alizarin red staining, and in mRNA levels of osteoblast differentiation markers Runx2, Collagen1α2, ALP, and osteocalcin was observed when rhBMP9 was combined with NBM‐Col when compared to NBM without collagen at equivalent doses and when compared to rhBMP2. The results from this study demonstrate that (1) the use of rhBMP9 significantly and markedly induced osteoblast differentiation when compared to rhBMP2 and (2) the incorporation of atelo‐collagen type I into NBM bone grafts markedly improved these findings by serving as a scaffold capable of improving growth factor adsorption and osteoblast behavior. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 408–418, 2017.
Immune‐affinity monolithic array with chemiluminescent detection for mycotoxins in barley
Authors: Li Li , Xia Liru , Zhao Yongfu , Wang Min , Jiang Xizhi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDMycotoxins are produced by fungi as secondary metabolites. They often multi‐contaminate food and feed commodities posing a health risk to humans and animals. Fast and easy multiplex screening could be thought as a useful tool for detection of multi‐contaminated food and feed commodities.RESULTSA highly sensitive immune‐affinity monolithic arrays for detecting the mycotoxins zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, T‐2 toxin, HT‐2 toxin, aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and fumonisin B1were fabricated using UV induced co‐polymerisation. The mycotoxin antibodies firstly reacted with functional monomer to form antibody/functional monomer bio‐conjugates. Subsequently, the antibody/functional monomer bio‐conjugates co‐polymerised with cross‐linker to form mycotoxins immune‐affinity arrays. With optimal fabrication conditions, all mycotoxin immune‐affinity monolithic arrays exhibited a linear response spanning three orders of magnitude. And the immune‐affinity monolithic array has a low detection limit and has a good uniformity (intra‐assay CV, and inter‐assay CV both <8%).CONCLUSIONThe fabricated mycotoxin immune‐affinity monolithic arrays were proved as a sensitive, stable and economical tool in real food samples detection. Moreover, the mycotoxin immune‐affinity monolithic arrays would be able to minimise manipulation steps: add samples and enzyme labelled mycotoxins, and detect CL signals. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Nutrient profiles of the hybrid grape cultivar ‘Isabel’ during berry maturation and ripening
Authors: Kurt Aynur , Torun Hülya , Colak Nesrin , Seiler Gerald , Hayirlioglu‐Ayaz Sema , Ayaz Faik Ahmet 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe hybrid grape cultivar ‘Isabel’ (Vitis labrusca × V. vinifera) is widely grown in the Black Sea region of Turkey and constitutes an important part of the diet of its inhabitants. Phenological and ampelographic studies of the grape have previously been performed, but there are no data concerning nutrient composition. Its nutrient content needs to be investigated to ascertain its potential economic and nutritional uses in the region.RESULTSThe concentrations (range, g kg−1 fresh weight) of major soluble sugars (fructose 2.08–79.70; glucose 3.71–66.74) increased and those of organic acids (tartaric acid 0.05–6.60; malic acid 2.38–9.92) decreased in the skin and pulp during ripening. The major fatty acid was linoleic acid in the skin (50.13), pulp (18.11) and seed (704), while the main minerals (dry weight) were potassium (2.70–19.70), followed by phosphorus (0.53–3.40) and calcium (0.42–5.90) in the parts.CONCLUSIONBerry maturation and ripening significantly influenced the concentrations of sugars and organic acids the most in the skin and pulp, but did not significantly affect the concentrations of fatty acids and minerals in the ‘Isabel’ grape. Our findings also suggest an optimal harvest time in terms of levels of the nutrients. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Grape by‐product extracts against microbial proliferation and lipid oxidation: a review
Authors: Mattos Gabriela N , Tonon Renata V , Furtado Angela AL , Cabral Lourdes MC 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe wine industry is responsible for the production of million tons of waste, such as grape skin, stalk, sludge and seeds, which can be considered inexpensive sources of phenolic compound owing to incomplete extraction during wine production. Phenolic compounds, also called polyphenols, comprise the most abundant bioactive compounds in grape and are recognized by their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. Because of their functional properties, extracts obtained from grape wastes, which are rich in phenolic compounds, can be employed in the development of many products, ranging from medical to food applications, decreasing the growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms and inhibiting lipid oxidation. These characteristics are motivating the research for alternative sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents, aimed at decreasing the use of artificial additives, which have been associated with some toxic effects. This article provides a review of the use of grape by‐product extracts and their bioactive compounds as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in food products. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Ongoing and Emerging Questions in Water Erosion Studies
Authors: García‐Ruiz José M. , Beguería Santiago , Lana‐Renault Noemí , Nadal‐Romero Estela , Cerdà Artemi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSoil erosion is a threat to food security, especially in regions where the area of arable land is shrinking dramatically because of soil degradation. Research on soil erosion expanded progressively throughout the 20th centu\ry, although a number of unresolved problems persist despite this issue being crucial for the environment and the welfare of society. Some basic unresolved issues, including the absence of a universally accepted definition of soil erosion and disagreement about how to measure it have contributed to a degree of scientific stagnation. Accurate prediction of the response of soils to disturbance is hampered by the dependence of the erosion process on the spatial scale involved, the time lag between the disturbance and the erosion response and the short periods for which data are typically available. We argue that devoting increased attention to the following environmental, demographic, political and societal issues will reinvigorate progress in the field. (i) The relationships between on‐site and off‐site consequences of soil erosion need to be elucidated if the economic and environmental costs are to be adequately assessed. (ii) Effective measures for soil conservation need to focus on spatial patterns of plant cover that reduce sediment connectivity, and most importantly on the relationships between hillslopes and sediment transfer in eroded channels. (iii) The scientific community must be able to identify early warning signs of critical transitions, if irreversible soil degradation is to be prevented. (iv) Consensus needs to be reached concerning the contribution of soil erosion to the carbon cycle. (v) The consequences of climate change on erosion and sediment transport should be investigated in depth. (vi) The general society needs to perceive soil erosion as a critical matter requiring an urgent response. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epidemic transmission on SEIR stochastic models with nonlinear incidence rate
Authors: Lopez‐Herrero Mariajesus 
Published: October 2016

Our interest is to quantify the spread of an infective process with latency period and generic incidence rate that takes place in a finite and homogeneous population.Within a stochastic framework, two random variables are defined to describe the variations of the number of secondary cases produced by an index case inside of a closed population. Computational algorithms are presented in order to characterize both random variables. Finally, theoretical and algorithmic results are illustrated by several numerical examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loss of function of KIF1B impairs oocyte meiotic maturation and early embryonic development in mice
Authors: Kong Xiang‐Wei , Wang Dong‐Hui , Zhou Cheng‐Jie , Zhou Hong‐Xia , Liang Cheng‐Guang 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYKinesin family member 1B (KIF1B) is an important microtubule‐dependent monomeric motor in mammals, although little is known about its role in meiosis. We profiled KIF1B expression and localization during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development in mice, revealing a dynamic pattern throughout meiotic progression. Depletion or inhibition of KIF1B leads to abnormal polar body extrusion, disordered spindle dynamics, defects in chromosome congression, increased aneuploidy, and impaired embryonic development. Further, KIF1B depletion affects the distribution of mitochondria and abundance of ATP. Taken together, our study demonstrates that mouse KIF1B is important for spindle assembly, chromosome congression, and mitochondrial distribution during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 1027–1040, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tomoelastography of the abdomen: Tissue mechanical properties of the liver, spleen, kidney, and pancreas from single MR elastography scans at different hydration states
Authors: Dittmann Florian , Tzschätzsch Heiko , Hirsch Sebastian , Barnhill Eric , Braun Jürgen , Sack Ingolf , Guo Jing 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo develop a compact magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) protocol for abdomen and to investigate the effect of water uptake on tissue stiffness in the liver, spleen, kidney, and pancreas.MethodsNine asymptomatic volunteers were investigated by MRE before and after 1 liter water uptake. Shear‐wave excitation at four frequencies was transferred to the abdomen from anterior and posterior directions using pressurized air drivers. Tomographic representations of shear‐wave speed were produced by analysis of multifrequency wave numbers in axial and coronal images acquired within four breath‐holds or under free breathing, respectively.ResultsPre and post water, stiffness of the spleen (pre/post: 2.20 ± 0.10/2.06 ± 0.18 m/s) and kidney (pre/post: 1.93 ± 0.22/1.97 ± 0.23 m/s) was higher than in the liver (pre/post: 1.36 ± 0.10/1.38 ± 0.13 m/s) and pancreas (pre/post: 1.20 ± 0.12/1.20 ± 0.08 m/s), all P < 0.01. Accounting for four drive frequencies, water drinking only changed the splenic stiffness (–6%, P = 0.03), whereas in the frequency range from 50 to 60 Hz the effect became significant also in the pancreas (–6%, P = 0.04) and liver (+3%, P = 0.03). Elastograms of the kidney in coronal view clearly depicted higher stiffness in cortex than in medulla.ConclusionTomoelastography reveals sensitivity of tissue mechanical properties to the hydration state of multiple abdominal organs within one scan and in unprecedented resolution of anatomical details. Magn Reson Med 78:976–983, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Intermuscular coherence in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A preliminary assessment
Authors: Issa Naoum P. , Frank Samuel , Roos Raymond P. , Soliven Betty , Towle Vernon L. , Rezania Kourosh 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Simple laboratory tests of upper motor neuron involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are not available. Intermuscular coherence has been shown to distinguish patients with primary lateral sclerosis, a pure upper motor neuron disorder, from normal subjects, suggesting it could be useful for assessing ALS. We aimed to determine whether intermuscular coherence can distinguish ALS patients from normal subjects. Methods: We measured biceps brachii and brachioradialis activity using surface electromyography while subjects held the elbow at flexion and the forearm in semipronation. Intermuscular coherence was calculated at between 20 and 40 Hz in 15 ALS patients and 15 normal subjects. Results: On average, intermuscular coherence was 3.8‐fold greater in normal subjects than in ALS patients (P < 0.01), and it distinguished ALS patients from normal subjects with a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 87%. Conclusion: Intermuscular coherence measurement is a rapid, painless method that may detect upper motor neuron dysfunction in ALS. Muscle Nerve 55: 862–868, 2017
A multi‐level adaptive mesh refinement method for level set simulations of multiphase flow on unstructured meshes
Authors: Ngo Long Cu , Choi Hyoung Gwon 
Published: October 2016

SummaryAn adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) technique is proposed for level set simulations of incompressible multiphase flows. The present AMR technique is implemented for two‐dimensional/three‐dimensional unstructured meshes and extended to multi‐level refinement. Smooth variation of the element size is guaranteed near the interface region with the use of multi‐level refinement. A Courant–Friedrich–Lewy condition for zone adaption frequency is newly introduced to obtain a mass‐conservative solution of incompressible multiphase flows. Finite elements around the interface are dynamically refined using the classical element subdivision method. Accordingly, finite element method is employed to solve the problems governed by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, using the level set method for dynamically updated meshes. The accuracy of the adaptive solutions is found to be comparable with that of non‐adaptive solutions only if a similar mesh resolution near the interface is provided. Because of the substantial reduction in the total number of nodes, the adaptive simulations with two‐level refinement used to solve the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with a free surface are about four times faster than the non‐adaptive ones. Further, the overhead of the present AMR procedure is found to be very small, as compared with the total CPU time for an adaptive simulation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progress in Understanding the Dynamics, Internal Structure and Palaeoenvironmental Potential of Ice Wedges and Sand Wedges
Authors: Christiansen Hanne H. , Matsuoka Norikazu , Watanabe Tatsuya 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA review of recent progress in understanding the dynamics, internal structure and palaeoenvironmental potential of ice wedges and sand wedges is presented, based on literature published between 2008 and 2015. Ice wedges constitute the most ice‐rich and widespread periglacial landform in permafrost lowlands. Thus, progress in understanding the processes associated with them, using a large variety of direct and indirect field and remote sensing methods, is important, particularly in a changing climate with increased potential for ice‐wedge degradation. Ice‐wedge polygons have been found to control microclimate, hydrology and greenhouse gas fluxes from permafrost. New technologies have allowed the identification of more fossil polygons, increasing their role in reconstructing periglacial conditions. Study of ice‐wedge casts, sand wedges and ice wedges has improved palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, particularly from the last glacial period and the Holocene, of changes to these landforms in both present and former permafrost areas. Polygons on Mars have recently attracted considerable attention, primarily due to increased remote sensing capabilities and even on‐site investigations, which identify ice in these landforms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping the interactions of adenoviral E1A proteins with the p160 nuclear receptor coactivator binding domain of CBP
Authors: Haberz Peter , Arai Munehito , Martinez‐Yamout Maria A. , Dyson H. Jane , Wright Peter E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMany viruses deregulate the cell and force transcription of viral genes by competing with cellular proteins for binding to the transcriptional co‐activators CREB‐binding protein (CBP) and p300. Through its interactions with CBP/p300 and the retinoblastoma protein, the adenovirus (AdV) early region 1A (E1A) oncoprotein hijacks the cell cycle and, in rodents, transforms the cell; the mechanistic and structural basis for these effects remain unclear. In this study we compare the affinity of protein constructs from the E1A proteins from two adenovirus serotypes, non‐oncogenic AdV5 and highly oncogenic AdV12, for binding to the nuclear receptor coactivator binding domain (NCBD) of CBP. NMR spectra show that the E1A constructs from both serotypes are intrinsically disordered in the free state and that each contains three homologous binding sites for the NCBD, one in the N‐terminal region and two within conserved region 1 (CR1) of E1A. The binding sites in CR1 correspond to the motifs that bind the retinoblastoma protein and the TAZ2 domain of CBP/p300. The E1A and NCBD peptides fold synergistically upon complex formation. Binding affinities determined from NMR titrations show that, although the overall affinities for AdV5 and AdV12 E1A are comparable, there are significant differences between the two E1A serotypes in the relative strength with which their constituent interaction motifs bind to the NCBD. The individual E1A interaction motifs were unable to compete effectively with p53 for binding to the NCBD and both the N‐terminal region and CR1 region of E1A are required for efficient competition with p53.
Structures and recognition modes of toll‐like receptors
Authors: Gao Dong , Li Wang 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTToll‐like receptors (TLRs) recognize common structural patterns in diverse microbial molecules and play central roles in the innate immune response. The structures of extracellular domains and their ligand complexes of several TLRs have been determined by X‐ray crystallography. Here, we discuss recent advances on structures and activation mechanisms of TLRs. Despite the differences in interaction areas of ligand with TLRs, the extracellular domains of TLRs all adopt horseshoe‐shaped structures and the overall M‐shape of the TLR–ligand complexes is strikingly similar. The structural rearrangement information of TLRs sheds new light on their ligand‐recognition and ‐activation mechanisms. Proteins 2016; 85:3–9. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitivity of Fusarium culmorum to triazoles: impact of trichothecene chemotypes, oxidative stress response and genetic diversity
Authors: Hellin Pierre , Scauflaire Jonathan , Van Hese Viviane , Munaut Françoise , Legrève Anne 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDFusarium culmorum is a fungal pathogen occurring worldwide on various weeds and important crops. Triazoles have been shown to be the most effective fungicide for managing Fusarium spp., but little is known about their specific activity on F. culmorum.RESULTSThe sensitivity of 107 F. culmorum strains to triazoles was assessed using microtitre plate assays. The EC50 values ranged from 0.14 to 1.53 mg L−1 for tebuconazole and from 0.25 to 2.47 mg L−1 for epoxiconazole. Cross‐resistance to both azoles was found (r = 0.61). F. culmorum appeared to be significantly more sensitive than F. graminearum or F. cerealis. No increase in the mean EC50 was observed over time, which might be related to an unfavourable fitness cost, measured here as fungal growth. On average, nivalenol‐producing strains of F. culmorum were significantly more resistant than deoxynivalenol‐producing strains. The relationship between resistance and chemotype‐dependent adaptation to oxidative stress was investigated, but remained unclear. No link between inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) genetic diversity and triazole resistance could be established.CONCLUSIONFungicide use might not be a driving force in the evolution of F. culmorum, and the benefit of a resistance trait probably does not outweigh its costs. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The Cambrian palaeoscolecidWronascolexfrom the Shipai fauna (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) of the Three Gorges area, South China
Authors: Yang Yuning , Zhang Xingliang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOur understanding of fossil priapulids, and in particular the palaeoscolecids, is limited owing to the rarity of preserved anterior introverts and a general absence of detailed cuticular ornament preservation in compression material. Here we describeWronascolex yichangensissp. nov. (Cycloneuralia, Palaeoscolecida) on the basis of overall external morphology and distinctive scleritome organization in new compressed material from the Shipai fauna, Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4 in the Three Gorges area of South China. Recurrent fine‐scale features observed inSEManalysis distinguishW. yichangensissp. nov. from other species by its extremely closely spaced annulations, each with two rows ofHadimopanella‐type plates ranging from 37 to 62 μm in diameter but without platelets or microplates, and each plate adorned with a single circle of four to seven nodes and an occasional central node on the upper surface. Since the recent reassignment of some species fromPalaeoscolexintoWronascolex, the latter genus has become a fairly diverse and cosmopolitan genus ranging from Cambrian Stage 4 to Drumian in age. However, knowledge of the sclerite pattern ofWronascolexand its associated microstructure for taxonomic purposes are still poorly understood. Since the origins of the phosphatizedHadimopanella‐type sclerites are apparently quite diverse, evaluating the biodiversity and biostratigraphic utility ofWronascolexis currently problematic.