bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Η εξ αποστάσεως ομαδοσυνεργατική εκπαίδευση στο πλαίσιο ψηφιακών κοινοτήτων μάθησης ως μέσο ανάπτυξης κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων στην περιβαλλοντική εκπαίδευση
Authors: Αποστόλου Μαριάννα , Αντωνίου Παναγιώτης , Παπαστεργίου Μαρίνα 
Published: June 2016

Τα σχέδια εργασίας θεωρούνται για την Περιβαλλοντική Εκπαίδευση (ΠΕ) ως η καταλληλότερη διδακτική μεθοδολογία (Βασάλα, 1994). Τα σχέδια εργασίας προϋποθέτουν ομαδοσυνεργατική μάθηση και ομαδικές εργασίες και έχουν ως σκοπό την ανάπτυξη των κοινωνικο-γνωστικών δεξιοτήτων των μαθητών/ριών (Μιχαηλίδης, 2003). Οι δεξιότητες αυτές αποτελούν γέφυρα ανάμεσα στη σχολική γνώση και την ενήλικη ζωή (Ματσαγγούρας, 2003). Σχέδια εργασίας (Frey, 1998) μπορούν να υλοποιηθούν από απόσταση μέσω του Διαδικτύου, αν αξιοποιηθούν οι δυνατότητες που παρέχουν οι Ψηφιακές Κοινότητες Μάθησης (ΨΚΜ). Στόχος της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν να αξιολογηθεί η επίδραση που ενδεχομένως είχε στις κοινωνικές δεξιότητες των μαθητών/ριών η συμμετοχή τους σε ΨΚΜ για την εκπόνηση ενός σχεδίου εργασίας στο πλαίσιο ενός προγράμματος ΠΕ. Είκοσι-επτά μαθητές/ριες της Α΄ τάξης Γυμνασίου ολοκλήρωσαν το σχέδιο εργασίας: «Δασικό οικοσύστημα: ωφέλειες - απειλές» χρησιμοποιώντας ως περιβάλλον αλληλεπίδρασης ΨΚΜ που αναπτυχθήκαν μέσω της διαδικτυακής υπηρεσίας Yahoo Groups. Οι κοινωνικές δεξιότητες των μαθητών/ριών αξιολογήθηκαν με το ερωτηματολόγιο των Κοινωνικών Δεξιοτήτων για Μαθητές (SSQ-PU) (Spence, 1995) πριν και μετά τη συμμετοχή των μαθητών/ριών στις ΨΚΜ. Από την ανάλυση των δεδομένων προέκυψε ότι η βασιζόμενη σε σχέδια εργασίας εξ αποστάσεως ομαδοσυνεργατική μάθηση που έλαβε χώρα στις ΨΚΜ ενίσχυσε σημαντικά τις κοινωνικές δεξιότητες των μαθητών/ριών.
Η Ανοικτή και εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση σε άτομα κοινωνικά αποκλεισμένα, όπως οι κρατούμενοι. Μελέτη περίπτωσης: η εκπαίδευση των κρατουμένων στο Ανοικτό Πανεπιστήμιο της Μ. Βρετανίας
Authors: Λιναρδάτου Χαριτίνη , Mανούσου Ευαγγελία 
Published: June 2016

Ο κοινωνικός αποκλεισμός αποτελεί ένα οξύ ζήτημα για τις σύγχρονες παγκοσμιοποιημένες κοινωνίες καθώς η αντιμετώπιση του σχετίζεται άμεσα με την καταπολέμηση της φτώχειας και τη δυνατότητα ενσωμάτωσης (integration) ορισμένων κοινωνικών ομάδων στην αγορά εργασίας. Στο άρθρο αυτό θα παρουσιαστεί και θα συζητηθεί ο ρόλος της Ανοικτής και εξ Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευσης σε άτομα κοινωνικά αποκλεισμένα όπως είναι οι κρατούμενοι. Πρόκειται για μια βιβλιογραφική έρευνα που εστιάστηκε στα χαρακτηριστικά της εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης που παρέχεται σε κρατούμενους σε Ευρωπαϊκές χώρες (Αγγλία, Γαλλία, Σκανδιναβικές χώρες). Πιο συγκεκριμένα παρουσιάζεται πως οριοθετείται η εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση σε κρατούμενους σύμφωνα με τους Ευρωπαϊκούς Σωφρονιστικούς Κανόνες και αναδεικνύεται η συμβολή των Ανοικτών Πανεπιστημίων στη πρόσβαση των κρατουμένων στην τριτοβάθμια εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση. Ειδικότερα, μελετώνται και αναλύονται οι παράγοντες που προσδιορίζουν την εκπαίδευση των κρατουμένων στο Ανοικτό Πανεπιστήμιο της Μ. Βρετανίας.
Πώς οι νέες Διαδικτυακές Τεχνολογίες διαμορφώνουν την Ανοικτή και εξ αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευση στο άμεσο μέλλον
Authors: Γκελαμέρης Δημήτρης Β. 
Published: June 2016

Η εργασία αυτή επιχειρεί να συνεισφέρει προς την κατεύθυνση αναγνώρισης των νέων χαρακτηριστικών που αποκτά η Ανοιχτή και εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση (ΑεξΑΕ) υπό την επίδραση των Τεχνολογιών της Πληροφορίας και των Επικοινωνιών (ΤΠΕ)Αρκετά πανεπιστήμια χρησιμοποιούν τη Συνδυαστική ηλεκτρονική μάθηση-(ΣΗΜ), δηλαδή διδακτικά μοντέλα που συνδυάζουν ή αναμειγνύουν μεθόδους σύγχρονης και ασύγχρονης μάθησης με τη χρήση της διαδικτυακής τεχνολογίας, με την υποστήριξη Συστημάτων Διαχείρισης Εκπαίδευσης (IMS), όπως τα διαχειριστικά συστήματα μάθησης (LMS) και τα συστήματα διαχείρισης εκπαιδευτικού περιεχομένου (LCMS) δημιουργώντας ένα καινοτόμο εκπαιδευτικό περιβάλλον, που υπόσχεται να αποκαταστήσει την αμφίδρομη επικοινωνία μεταξύ διδασκόντων και διδασκομένων και να αυξήσει τη διαλογικότητα του φοιτητή με το εκπαιδευτικό περιβάλλον. Η αλματώδης εξέλιξη των νέων Τεχνολογιών στην πρώτη δεκαετία του 21ου αιώνα δημιουργεί νέα δεδομένα στον χώρο της AΕξΑΕ, μεταβάλλοντας σημαντικά το περιβάλλον μάθησης, επικοινωνίας και αλληλεπίδρασης με την εισαγωγή των Ανοιχτών Εκπαιδευτικών Πόρων(OERs),των Μαζικών Ανοικτών Διαδικτυακών Σειρών Μαθημάτων (MOOCs) των Learning Analytics-LA και των Educational Data Mining-EDM κυρίως στην ανώτατη εκπαίδευση.
Κοινωνική έρευνα και κρατική πολιτική
Authors: Κονιαβίτης Θωμάς 
Published: June 2016

<p>Τι γίνεται με μια επιστήμη που το αντικείμενο της αλλάζει; Τι έγινε με την κοινωνιολογία και την κοινωνική έρευνα τη δεύτερη περίοδο του 20ου αιώνα, τη 'χρυσή εποχή' (1947-1973), σύμφωνα με την ορολογία του Eric Hobsbawm (2004), και τι ακολούθησε στη συνέχεια κατά την τρίτη περίοδο, εκείνη 'την εποχή των κρίσεων' με τις οποίες τέλειωσε ο 'σύντομος' αυτός αιώνας στις αρχές του 1990, όταν κατέρρευσαν τα καθεστώτα της ανατολικής Ευρώπης; Στο άρθρο αυτό υποστηρίζεται καταρχάς ότι οι τροποποιήσεις και οι εξειδικεύσεις που συντελέστηκαν στην κοινωνιολογία και στην κοινωνική έρευνα αυτό το χρονικό διάστημα (των δύο εποχών) βρίσκονται σε συνάρτηση με την εμφάνιση, τη γενικευμένη επικράτηση και την κρίση του κράτους ευημερίας· πιο συγκεκριμένα, με την αλλαγή του ρόλου του κράτους. Καθοριστικό για τις εξελίξεις στην κοινωνική έρευνα είναι το πρόβλημα που αναδεικνύεται από τις σχέσεις μεταξύ της 'κρατικής πολιτικής για την κοινωνική έρευνα' ['science policy', εφεξής: 'πολιτυχή για την επιστήμη'] και της 'κοινωνικής έρευνας που προσπαθεί να συνδράμει με επιστημονική γνώση την κρατική πολιτική' ['policy sciences', εφεξής 'έρευνα για την πολιτική']. Είναι ίσως η μοναδική περίοδος στην ιστορΐα της κοινωνιολογίας και της κοινωνικής έρευνας που οι σχέσεις των κοινωνικών επιστημών με την αναπαραγωγική λειτουργία του κράτους είναι τόσο άμεσες και τόσο εμφανείς. Ίσως ήταν οι αρμονικές σχέσεις μεταξύ κράτους και κοινωνικής έρευνας που συνέβαλαν ώστε οι επιπτώσεις στην κοινωνική έρευνα από την 'κρίση' του κράτους ευημερίας και τις νεο-φιλελεόθερες πολιτικές των συντηρητικών κυβερνήσεων να είναι τόσο αρνηπκές. Υποστηρίζεται επίσης ότι, προς το τέλος της δεκαετίας του 1970 και στις αρχές εκείνης του 1980, παρατηρείται μια νέα μεθοδολογική στροφή. Στη συνέχεια, παρουσιάζονται ορισμένα βασικά 'πρότυπα εφαρμοσμένης κοινωνικής έρευνας' και το άρθρο κλείνει με τον εντοπισμό συγκεκριμένων στοιχείων που είναι δυνατόν να οδηγήσουν στην επανεξέταση βασικών παραδοχών στις οποίες θεμελιώνεται η εφαρμοσμένη κοινωνική έρευνα κατά τρόπο που αυτή να ανταποκρίνεται πλέον στις νέες συνθήκες που δημιουργούνται την περίοδο της παγκοσμιοποίησης. Το άρθρο περιορίζεται στην εμπειρική (ή αναλυτυχή) κοινωνιολογία όπως αυτή αναπτύχθηκε στις ΗΠΑ και την Ευρώπη</p>
Routing and Staffing When Servers Are Strategic
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Ragavendran , Doroudi Sherwin , Ward Amy R. , Wierman Adam 
Published: June 2016

Traditionally, research focusing on the design of routing and staffing policies for service systems has modeled servers as having fixed (possibly heterogeneous) service rates. However, service systems are generally staffed by people. Furthermore, people respond to workload incentives; that is, how hard a person works can depend both on how much work there is and how the work is divided between the people responsible for it. In a service system, the routing and staffing policies control such workload incentives; and so the rate servers work will be impacted by the system’s routing and staffing policies. This observation has consequences when modeling service system performance, and our objective in this paper is to investigate those consequences.We do this in the context of the M/M/N queue, which is the canonical model for large service systems. First, we present a model for “strategic” servers that choose their service rate to maximize a trade-off between an “effort cost,” which captures the idea that servers exert more effort when working at a faster rate, and a “value of idleness,” which assumes that servers value having idle time. Next, we characterize the symmetric Nash equilibrium service rate under any routing policy that routes based on the server idle time (such as the longest idle server first policy). We find that the system must operate in a quality-driven regime, in which servers have idle time, for an equilibrium to exist. The implication is that to have an equilibrium solution the staffing must have a first-order term that strictly exceeds that of the common square-root staffing policy. Then, within the class of policies that admit an equilibrium, we (asymptotically) solve the problem of minimizing the total cost, when there are linear staffing costs and linear waiting costs. Finally, we end by exploring the question of whether routing policies that are based on the service rate, instead of the server idle time, can improve system performance.
Hip arthroscopy in the setting of hip dysplasia
Authors: Yeung M. , Kowalczuk M. , Simunovic N. , Ayeni O. R. 
Published: June 2016

Objective Hip arthroscopy in the setting of hip dysplasia is controversial in the orthopaedic community, as the outcome literature has been variable and inconclusive. We hypothesise that outcomes of hip arthroscopy may be diminished in the setting of hip dysplasia, but outcomes may be acceptable in milder or borderline cases of hip dysplasia. Methods A systematic search was performed in duplicate for studies investigating the outcome of hip arthroscopy in the setting of hip dysplasia up to July 2015. Study parameters including sample size, definition of dysplasia, outcomes measures, and re-operation rates were obtained. Furthermore, the levels of evidence of studies were collected and quality assessment was performed. Results The systematic review identified 18 studies investigating hip arthroscopy in the setting of hip dysplasia, with 889 included patients. Criteria used by the studies to diagnose hip dysplasia and borderline hip dysplasia included centre edge angle in 72% of studies but the range of angles were quite variable. Although 89% of studies reported improved post-operative outcome scores in the setting of hip dysplasia, revision rates were considerable (14.1%), with 9.6% requiring conversion to total hip arthroplasty. Conclusion The available orthopaedic literature suggests that although improved outcomes are seen in hip arthroscopy in the setting of hip dysplasia, there is a high rate of re-operation and conversion to total hip arthroplasty. Furthermore, the criteria used to define hip dysplasia vary considerably among published studies. Cite this article: M. Yeung, M. Kowalczuk, N. Simunovic, O. R. Ayeni. Hip arthroscopy in the setting of hip dysplasia: A systematic review. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:225–231. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.56.2000533.
Effect of the Implementation of Barcode Technology and an Electronic Medication Administration Record on Adverse Drug Events
Authors: Truitt Erin , Thompson Ross , Blazey-Martin Deborah , Nisai Danna , Salem Deeb 
Published: June 2016

Background Hospitals have attempted to reduce adverse drug events (ADEs) by investing in new technologies, but data regarding their efficacy are lacking. Objectives This study evaluates the effects of the implementation of barcode medication administration (BCMA) and electronic medication administration record (eMAR) technology on the profile of ADEs in a hospital setting. Methods We conducted a before-and-after study examining the effects of the implementation of BCMA and eMAR technology on the profile of ADEs at a 400-bed academic medical center by using incident reports. We compared reported ADEs in pre- and post-implementation periods of 5 months to determine whether there was a reduction in the rate of ADEs within medication use phases. We further examined the severity of errors and described changes in the distribution of types of errors. Results A total of 775 electronic error-reporting system reports were included in this study: 397 (51%) in the pre-implementation period and 378 (49%) in the post-implementation period. The rate of ADEs significantly decreased from 0.26% to 0.20% after implementation of the technology (relative risk [RR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67–0.89). The rate of transcription errors decreased from 0.089% to 0.036% (RR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.30–0.54), which was largely attributed to reduction of “wrong time” errors. The rate of administration errors was identical in both groups at 0.017% (RR, 0.98; 95% CI 0.58–1.66). The mean severity level of administration errors significantly decreased from 4.44 to 3.23 ( p = .005). Conclusion The implementation of eMAR and BCMA technology improved patient safety by decreasing the overall rate of ADEs and the rate of transcription errors. These technologies also reduced the harmful impact to patients caused by administration errors.
American cultural myth and the orphan archetype
Authors: Morris Robert B. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The following article defines and explores the power of myth in shaping societal attitudes. The author discusses cultural myth as it pertains to a nation’s self-image and conception of its past. The American cultural myth is examined in detail to help discover the roots of unsustainable aspects of American thinking. The author discusses the history of the North American colonies, challenges faced by early settlers, and the belief systems that formed the roots of the American cultural myth. The article goes on to explore how early events brought about the evolution of the legendary American cowboy and how the cowboy mythos is closely tied to the hero’s journey and psychological development. The author maintains that the Puritan mindset, the cowboy ideal and present-day circumstances have forged a national psyche resembling the Jungian orphan archetype. The author’s hope is that by understanding the root causes of some of the nation’s difficulties we may begin healing many of the spiritual wounds of the past and set off on a path towards stronger and healthier community bonds.
A Plasmid Set for Efficient Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) Transgenesis in Zebrafish
Authors: Fuentes Fernando , Reynolds Eric , Lewellis Stephen W , Venkiteswaran Gayatri , Knaut Holger 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTransgenesis of large DNA constructs is essential for gene function analysis. Recently, Tol2 transposase-mediated transgenesis has emerged as a powerful tool to insert bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) DNA constructs into the genome of zebrafish. For efficient transgenesis, the genomic DNA piece in the BAC construct needs to be flanked by Tol2 transposon sites, and the constructs should contain a transgenesis marker for easy identification of transgenic animals. We report a set of plasmids that contain targeting cassettes that allow the insertion of Tol2 sites and different transgenesis markers into BACs. Using BACs containing these targeting cassettes, we show that transgenesis is as efficient as iTol2, that preselecting for expression of the transgenesis marker increases the transgenesis rate, and that BAC transgenics faithfully recapitulate the endogenous gene expression patterns and allow for the estimation of the endogenous gene expression levels.
Quantitative Assessment of Eye Phenotypes for Functional Genetic Studies UsingDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Iyer Janani , Wang Qingyu , Le Thanh , Pizzo Lucilla , Grönke Sebastian , Ambegaokar Surendra S , Imai Yuzuru , Srivastava Ashutosh , Troisí Beatriz Llamusí , Mardon Graeme , Artero Ruben , Jackson George R , Isaacs Adrian M , Partridge Linda , Lu Bingwei , Kumar Justin P , Girirajan Santhosh 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAbout two-thirds of the vital genes in the Drosophila genome are involved in eye development, making the fly eye an excellent genetic system to study cellular function and development, neurodevelopment/degeneration, and complex diseases such as cancer and diabetes. We developed a novel computational method, implemented as Flynotyper software (http://flynotyper.sourceforge.net), to quantitatively assess the morphological defects in the Drosophila eye resulting from genetic alterations affecting basic cellular and developmental processes. Flynotyper utilizes a series of image processing operations to automatically detect the fly eye and the individual ommatidium, and calculates a phenotypic score as a measure of the disorderliness of ommatidial arrangement in the fly eye. As a proof of principle, we tested our method by analyzing the defects due to eye-specific knockdown of Drosophila orthologs of 12 neurodevelopmental genes to accurately document differential sensitivities of these genes to dosage alteration. We also evaluated eye images from six independent studies assessing the effect of overexpression of repeats, candidates from peptide library screens, and modifiers of neurotoxicity and developmental processes on eye morphology, and show strong concordance with the original assessment. We further demonstrate the utility of this method by analyzing 16 modifiers of sine oculis obtained from two genome-wide deficiency screens of Drosophila and accurately quantifying the effect of its enhancers and suppressors during eye development. Our method will complement existing assays for eye phenotypes, and increase the accuracy of studies that use fly eyes for functional evaluation of genes and genetic interactions.
Genomic Selection in Multi-environment Crop Trials
Authors: Oakey Helena , Cullis Brian , Thompson Robin , Comadran Jordi , Halpin Claire , Waugh Robbie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGenomic selection in crop breeding introduces modeling challenges not found in animal studies. These include the need to accommodate replicate plants for each line, consider spatial variation in field trials, address line by environment interactions, and capture nonadditive effects. Here, we propose a flexible single-stage genomic selection approach that resolves these issues. Our linear mixed model incorporates spatial variation through environment-specific terms, and also randomization-based design terms. It considers marker, and marker by environment interactions using ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction to extend genomic selection to multiple environments. Since the approach uses the raw data from line replicates, the line genetic variation is partitioned into marker and nonmarker residual genetic variation (i.e., additive and nonadditive effects). This results in a more precise estimate of marker genetic effects. Using barley height data from trials, in 2 different years, of up to 477 cultivars, we demonstrate that our new genomic selection model improves predictions compared to current models. Analyzing single trials revealed improvements in predictive ability of up to 5.7%. For the multiple environment trial (MET) model, combining both year trials improved predictive ability up to 11.4% compared to a single environment analysis. Benefits were significant even when fewer markers were used. Compared to a single-year standard model run with 3490 markers, our partitioned MET model achieved the same predictive ability using between 500 and 1000 markers depending on the trial. Our approach can be used to increase accuracy and confidence in the selection of the best lines for breeding and/or, to reduce costs by using fewer markers.
Pollen Killer GeneS35Function Requires Interaction with an Activator That Maps Close toS24, Another Pollen Killer Gene in Rice
Authors: Kubo Takahiko , Yoshimura Atsushi , Kurata Nori 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPollen killer genes disable noncarrier pollens, and are responsible for male sterility and segregation distortion in hybrid populations of distantly related plant species. The genetic networks and the molecular mechanisms underlying the pollen killer system remain largely unknown. Two pollen killer genes, S24 and S35, have been found in an intersubspecific cross of Oryza sativa ssp. indica and japonica. The effect of S24 is counteracted by an unlinked locus EFS. Additionally, S35 has been proposed to interact with S24 to induce pollen sterility. These genetic interactions are suggestive of a single S24-centric genetic pathway (EFS–S24–S35) for the pollen killer system. To examine this hypothetical genetic pathway, the S35 and the S24 regions were further characterized and genetically dissected in this study. Our results indicated that S35 causes pollen sterility independently of both the EFS and S24 genes, but is dependent on a novel gene close to the S24 locus, named incentive for killing pollen (INK). We confirmed the phenotypic effect of the INK gene separately from the S24 gene, and identified the INK locus within an interval of less than 0.6 Mb on rice chromosome 5. This study characterized the genetic effect of the two independent genetic pathways of INK–S35 and EFS–S24 in indica–japonica hybrid progeny. Our results provide clear evidence that hybrid male sterility in rice is caused by several pollen killer networks with multiple factors positively and negatively regulating pollen killer genes.
Preparing for Winter: The Transcriptomic Response Associated with Different Day Lengths inDrosophila montana
Authors: Parker Darren J , Ritchie Michael G , Kankare Maaria 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAt northern latitudes, the most robust cue for assessing the onset of winter is the shortening of day lengths. Many species use day length as a cue to increase their cold tolerance and/or enter into diapause, but little is known about changes in gene expression that occur under different day lengths. We investigate the gene expression changes associated with differences in light/dark cycles in Drosophila montana, a northerly distributed species with a strong adult photoperiodic reproductive diapause. To examine gene expression changes induced by light both prior to and during diapause, we used both nondiapausing and diapausing flies. We found that the majority of genes that are differentially expressed between different day lengths in nondiapausing and diapausing flies differ. However, the biological processes involved were broadly similar. These included neuron development and metabolism, which are largely consistent with an increase in cold tolerance previously observed to occur in these flies. We also found that many genes associated with reproduction change in expression level between different day lengths, suggesting that D. montana use changes in day length to cue changes in reproduction both before and after entering into diapause. Finally, we also identified several interesting candidate genes for light-induced changes including Lsp2, para, and Ih.
Fungal Innate Immunity Induced by Bacterial Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs)
Authors: Ipcho Simon , Sundelin Thomas , Erbs Gitte , Kistler H Corby , Newman Mari-Anne , Olsson Stefan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Plants and animals detect bacterial presence through Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs) which induce an innate immune response. The field of fungal–bacterial interaction at the molecular level is still in its infancy and little is known about MAMPs and their detection by fungi. Exposing Fusarium graminearum to bacterial MAMPs led to increased fungal membrane hyperpolarization, a putative defense response, and a range of transcriptional responses. The fungus reacted with a different transcript profile to each of the three tested MAMPs, although a core set of genes related to energy generation, transport, amino acid production, secondary metabolism, and especially iron uptake were detected for all three. Half of the genes related to iron uptake were predicted MirA type transporters that potentially take up bacterial siderophores. These quick responses can be viewed as a preparation for further interactions with beneficial or pathogenic bacteria, and constitute a fungal innate immune response with similarities to those of plants and animals.