bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wells for Geothermal Power and Energy Storage, Too
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: October 2024

One of geothermal energy’s key advantages is that it’s always on.
But making money selling power increasingly requires being able to react to shifts in electric prices by adjusting production up and down.
The fact this is a concern now is an indication of the ambition of a new generation of companies that have shown it is possible to use horizontal drilling and fracturing to build subsurface
heat exchangers to harvest large amounts of geothermal energy.
The geologic potential is huge—there are a lot of places with hot rock at a drillable depth.
But monetizing that potential will require grabbing a sizeable share of the market in big states such as California and Texas where the price of electricity can sink toward zero when sunny conditions allow maximum solar power production, and then rebound as the sun sets.
This is a pressing concern for Houston-based Fervo Energy because it is one of the first firms in a small pack of innovators to reach the point where it is building a large scale power plant using this emerging technology.
Unlike wind and solar, it can deliver power on demand, similar to coal, gas, and nuclear-powered plants that supply baseload power to the electric market.
Fervo’s founders play up its ability to deliver power on demand, but they resist the label baseload power provider because, as Jack Norbeck, chief technology officer and cofounder of Fervo, said, “In the future, baseload power will be a thing of the past.”
Baseload power plants are not yet an endangered species. There are still large, mostly old fossil-fueled plants providing baseload power that are still around because they were paid for long ago. However, their numbers are declining as they wear out and are hit with demands for costly emission reductions.
The initial sales by Fervo’s Cape Station project in Utah will provide baseload power to southern California power suppliers, complying with a unique California rule that requires them to source low-carbon power supplies that are available 24/7.
But for new geothermal companies to sell enough power to become significant players in US power markets, they will need to provide what the electricity business describes as “more flexible, dispatchable power.”
Big baseload plants ruled the power universe back when regulators set rates high enough to maintain a sizable surplus of generating capacity—ensuring the lights stayed on.
Now, in markets such as Texas and California, power pricing rises and falls based on supply and demand, with selling at all times sometimes resulting in very low payments during peak production periods for solar and wind.
This is particularly true during seasons where days tend to be sunny and windy with moderate temperatures.
“If you are consuming electricity, particularly in the spring and fall, it is an extremely clean grid you are pulling from,” said Christian Gradl, vice president of operations for Fervo during a panel at this year’s Offshore Technology Conference.
How does innovation promote female economic inclusion in Africa: Assessing the moderating role of economic freedom
Authors: Ofori Pamela E. , Ofori Isaac K. , Castelnovo Paolo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The Sustainable Development Goal 5 emphasises the need to achieve gender parity in economic participation. Perusing the extant scholarship on female economic inclusion in Africa, we identify two pressing gaps. First, we find that previous studies have not explored how innovation affects female economic inclusion (FEI). Second, we note that prior studies have not examined the interactive effect of innovation and economic freedom on FEI. This study addresses these gaps by using macro data from 1995–2022 for a sample of 51 African countries. Findings from the two-step system GMM estimator reveal the following: (1) innovation reduces FEI, whereas economic freedom increases it, and (2) economic freedom moderates innovation to promote FEI. Further, we find that this positive total effect of innovation on FEI is remarkable at higher thresholds of economic freedom. We conclude that for innovation to promote FEI in Africa, investments in promoting economic freedom are critical.
JEL Code: O31; O55; E24; J16; J21
Genetic variation and assessment of seven salt tolerance genes in an Indica/Xian rice population
Authors: Cheng Yuanhang , Wang Tao , Wen Yeying , Zheng Xingfei , Liu Haifeng , Chen Xiangsong , Diao Ying , Hu Zhongli , Chu Zhaohui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Soil salinity is a major abiotic stressor that influences rice during the entire growth period. Breeding and planting salt-tolerant (ST) rice is an efficient strategy for sustainable agriculture. However, only a few elite natural variations conferring rice salt tolerance have been identified, and the distribution and genetic effects of those ST genes remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the distribution of seven genes with nine ST-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a sequenced Indica/Xian rice population comprising 550 accessions. On the basis of the genotyping of nine SNPs, all the rice accessions were categorized into 21 haplotypes, each of which contained at least four ST genes. Among the nine SNPs, only SKC1184H and OsHKT1;194K were relatively rarely distributed in this population. Comparative analysis of ST for grouped haplotypes with different target genotypes was performed, and we validated the effects of ST on SKC1, OsHKT2;3, OsHKT1;1, RST1 and OsWRKY53 in multiple rice accessions. Interestingly, we found that SKC1184H plays synergistic roles in ST with SKC1140A and that SKC1184H may originate from rice carrying SKC1140A. RST1530A was previously reported to be associated with salt sensitivity, but it should be corrected to be associated with ST and concurrently with RST1611G in this study. Moreover, we found that OsHKT1;194K may participate in ST after extended salt treatment, and the expression of OsWRKY53173G was positively correlated with that of SKC1 and conditionally participated in ST dependent on either SKC1140A or SKC1184H. Overall, our results provide further insight into the mechanism and marker-assisted selection improvement of ST in Indica/Xian rice.
Research on multi-scale vector road matching model based on ISOD descriptor
Authors: Lu Yuefeng , Sun Ying , Yan Yu , Lu Miao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In the data processing of geographic information, the matching of road data at different scales is crucial. Due to scale differences, road features can change, posing a challenge to multi-scale matching,.Spatial relationships are essential for multi-scale matching because they remain stable at different scales. In this paper, we propose an improved the summation product of orientation and distance (ISOD) descriptor, which combines features such as pinch chain code and curvature variance with similarity metrics, such as length, direction, and Hausdorff distance, to construct an integrated similarity metric model for multi-scale road matching. The experiments proved that the model achieved 94.75% and 93.34% check accuracy and completeness in road data matching at scales of 1:50,000 and 1:10,000. The model also achieved 86.39% and 94.06% check accuracy and completeness in road data matching at scales of 1:250,000 and 1:50,000, respectively. This proves the effectiveness and practicality of the method. The ISOD descriptor and the integrated similarity metric model in this paper provide an effective method for multi-scale road data matching, which aids the integration and fusion of geographic information data and is significantly valuable when applied in the fields of intelligent transport and urban planning.
Object-based Feedback Attention in Convolutional Neural Networks Improves Tumour Detection in Digital Pathology
Authors: de Kamps Marc , Broad Andrew , Wright Alexander , McGenity Clare , Treanor Darren 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Human visual attention allows prior knowledge or expectations to influence visual processing, allocating limited computational resources to only that part of the image that are likely to behaviourally important. Here, we present an image recognition system based on biological vision that guides attention to more informative locations within a larger parent image, using a sequence of saccade-like motions. We demonstrate that at the end of the saccade sequence the system has an improved classification ability compared to the convolutional neural network (CNN) that represents the feedforward part of the model.

Feedback activations highlight salient image features supporting the explainability of the classification. Our attention model deviates substantially from more common feedforward attention mechanisms, which linearly reweight part of the input. This model uses several passes of feedforward and backward activation, which interact non-linearly. We apply our feedback architecture to histopathology patch images, demonstrating a 3.5% improvement in accuracy (p<0.001) when retrospectively processing 59,057 9-class patches from 689 colorectal cancer WSIs.

In the saccade implementation, overall agreement between expert-labelled patches and model prediction reached 93.23% for tumour tissue, surpassing inter-pathologist agreement. Our method is adaptable to other areas of science which rely on the analysis of extremely large-scale images.
Ineffectiveness of Formamidine in Suppressing Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in Cubic Hybrid Perovskite FAPbI3
Authors: Hautier Geoffory , Zheng Jiongzhi , Chang Zheng , Lin Changpeng , Lin Chongjia , Zhou Yanguang , Huang Baoling , Guo Ruiqiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Fundamentally understanding the lattice dynamics and microscopic mechanisms of thermal transport in cubic hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites remains elusive, primarily due to their strong anharmonicity and frequent phase transitions. In this work, we comprehensively investigate the thermal transport behavior in cubic hybrid perovskite FAPbI3, integrating first principles-based anharmonic lattice dynamics with a linearized Wigner transport formula. The Temperature-Dependent Effective Potential (TDEP) technique allows us to stabilize the negative soft modes, primarily dominated by organic FA+ cations, at finite temperatures in cubic FAPbI3. We then predict an ultra-low thermal conductivity of ~0.63 Wm^(-1) K^(-1) in cubic FAPbI3 at 300 K, with a temperature dependence of T^(-0.740), suggesting a good crystalline nature of phonon transport. Notably, the ultra-low thermal conductivity in cubic FAPbI3 is primarily attributed to the [PbI3]1- units, challenging the conventionally assumed preponderant role of the organic FA+ cations. This behavior can be explained by the presence of Pb(s)-I(p) anti-bonding states within the [PbI3]1- units. Furthermore, thermal transport in cubic FAPbI3 is predominantly governed by the particle-like phonon propagation channel across the entire temperature range of 300-500 K, resulting from diminished suppression of low-frequency phonons by FA+ cations and large inter-branch spacings. Finally, our findings underscore that the anharmonic force constants are highly sensitive to temperature effect, featured by the underestimation of thermal conductivity when utilizing 0-K anharmonic force constants. Our study not only elucidates the microscopic mechanisms of thermal transport in cubic FAPbI3 but also provides a crucial framework for the discovery, design, and understanding of hybrid organic-inorganic compounds with ultra-low thermal conductivity.
High frequency chest wall oscillation vs. oscillation and lung expansion on lung recruitment in hypersecretive mechanically ventilated patients: a randomized crossover study
Authors: Wang Hao , Li Yi , Niu Guangyu , Xi Jianing , Jiang Hongying 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Oscillation and lung expansion (OLE) is a pneumatic noninvasive physiotherapy technique that delivers aerosolized medication with continuous positive expiratory pressure and continuous high-frequency oscillation in a cyclic manner. A recent report showed the use of OLE in an acute care setting in patients with severe atelectasis, its effectiveness in reducing postoperative pulmonary complication and the length of mechanical ventilation[1].
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and its Association with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Peripheral Vascular Disorder among Security Personnel in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Anas , Kiriyath Saheema Moila , Sheikh Huda Mohamed Saddik , Panattuparambil Anjela Davis , Ansari Shahwar Fatima , Kandakurti Praveen , Kumaraguruparan Gopal , Hazari Animesh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and associated complications such as Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN), and Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) among security personnel in the United Arab Emirates.
Methods: Data was gathered from a sample of 166 security professionals, aged 25–65, with a minimum of 8 hours of daily work hours, and at least 2 years of experience, using an observational, cross-sectional study design. The 10 g Semmes Weinstein monofilament testing, The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument, and Vibration Pressure Threshold were used for DPN screening followed by the DN4 questionnaire, and the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) was used for PVD assessment. An ethical clearance has been received from the Institutional Research Board (IRB) and informed consent was obtained from all subjects.
Results: The study found a prevalence of 9.6% of DM among security personnel in the UAE. It also found a statistically significant and strong association between DM and DPN (r=0.83, p < 0.001). On the other hand, a moderate correlation was found with PVD (r= 0.56). SPSS version 29 was used for data analysis and the statistical significance was set at p-value ≤0.05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of DM among securities in UAE is 9.6%, which is significant as the total DM prevalence in UAE according to the 2021 report is 12.3%. There is a strong correlation between DM and DPN suggesting that security personnel could be at higher risk of developing “Diabetic Foot Syndrome” due to the nature and demand of the job. In addition, neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease could increase the risk and cause associated foot complications.
Preparation of Homogeneous Regenerated Cellulose Nanofiber based Membrane Adsorber for Membrane Chromatography Applications
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Asad , Shah Atif Ali , Lee Hong-Tae , Seo Jeong-Hyeon , Kim Tae-Kyung , Kwon Sei , Cho Young Hoon , Park Hosik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Herein, electrospun regenerated cellulose (RC) nanofibers were fabricated for membrane chromatography applications. A cellulose acetate (CA) nanofiber membrane was prepared using a solvent mixture of N,N-dimethylacetamide and acetone, and glycerol was used to enhance the spin ability of CA, followed by alkaline treatment to obtain the RC nanofiber membrane. Glycerol addition enabled the electrospinning of CA nanofibers at lower concentrations, ensuring uniform nanofiber production and overcoming the limitations of bead formation or electrospraying at low CA concentrations during electrospinning. This study revealed that the compositions of glycerol and CA affect the pore size and fiber diameter of RC nanofiber membranes. To evaluate the practicality of RC nanofiber membranes for membrane chromatography, their binding capacity for bovine serum albumin was examined after grafting anion exchange ligands (3-(methacryloylamino)propyl-trimethylammonium chloride). The nanofiber membrane fabricated using 25 wt.% CA and 10 wt.% glycerol exhibited a superior static binding capacity of 230.9 mg/mL and a dynamic binding capacity of 112.1 mg/mL for bovine serum albumin. These findings indicated that the RC nanofiber–based membrane adsorber has potential applications in various separation and purification processes including adsorption, filtration, and membrane chromatography.
Conservation value and ecosystem service provision of Nothofagus antarctica forests based on phenocluster categories
Authors: Pastur Guillermo José Martínez , Rodríguez-Souilla Julián , Rosas Yamina Micaela , Politi Natalia , Rivera Luis , Silveira Eduarda M. O. , Olah Ashley M. , Pidgeon Anna M. , Lencinas María Vanessa , Peri Pablo Luis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Remote sensing and landscape modelling improve forest classification. One approach combines variables based on forest phenology and climate to characterisefunctional rather than structural or compositional characteristics of ecosystems (phenoclusters). However, there are few studies about the correlation between these new modelling approaches and forest classifications based on ground surveys. Our objective was to define the conservation value of different functional forests, based on phenocluster categories, for Nothofagus antarctica forests in Tierra del Fuego. We used different available features model outputs standardised and homogenised at 90-m spatial resolution (phenoclusters, ecosystem services, potential biodiversity), and ground truthdata from 145 stands (soil characteristics, forest structure, animal stocking rate, understory biodiversity). The phenocluster categories were compared using uni- and multivariate analyses. The use of phenocluster categories allowed sorting of the N. antarctica forest type into contrasting subtypes with different characteristics, including (i) cultural, regulating, and provisioning ecosystem services and potential biodiversity at landscape level (F = 1.8-87.6), (ii) soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous properties (F = 4.2-5.2), (iii) tree dominant height, overstory crown cover, basal area, and bark volume forest structure (F = 0.1-6.3), animal stock (F = 1.0-1.9), and (iv) understory plant richness (F = 1.0-9.4) at stand level. Significant differences were detected in the multivariate analyses (classifications and ordinations) supporting the split of this forest type into four functional forest subtypes: (i) coastal forests near the Atlantic Ocean, (ii) highland forests close to the steppe, (iii) ecotone areas associated with N. pumilioforests, and (iv) degraded and secondary forests. The cyclic and seasonal greenness information provided by the phenoclusters were directly related to plant understory diversity, where functional rather than structural or compositional characteristics of forest ecosystems were the main explanatory variable. Our findings can support better management and conservation proposals, e.g. different management strategies for each phenocluster category, or selection of representative forests into a reserve network design based on phenoclusters rather than forest types defined by tree canopy-cover composition.
ChatGPT and The Suspicion of Skin Cancer, a Diagnostic Accuracy Study
Authors: Shahla William Abou , Haddad Firas , Hawa Mariana El , Saade Dana 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
While ChatGPT is user-friendly and widely accessible, concerns arise regarding potential delays in diagnosis and false reassurances for patients with suspected skin malignancies.
Objective:
Our study aims to assess the accuracy of AI, specifically ChatGPT, in diagnosing skin malignancies and expressing the urgency to seek medical advice.
Methods
This diagnostic accuracy study assesses the agreement between dermatologists' final diagnoses and those provided by ChatGPT when patients describe their lesions. Thirty-five patients, suspected of skin cancer (SCC/BCC), provided demographic details and lesion descriptions. Diagnoses were recorded in ChatGPT3.5 and ChatGPT4.0 for analysis.
Results:
Out of 35 lesions suspected by the dermatologist, all were malignant, indicating 100% accuracy. ChatGPT3.5 flagged malignancy in 7 cases (20%), while ChatGPT4.0 did so in 6 cases (17.14%). Consistency was lacking, as only 7 lesions received the same diagnosis from both models. However, both ChatGPT3.5 and ChatGPT4.0 referred patients to dermatologists in all cases.
Conclusion:
The limitations of these two models include poor accuracy, lack of concordance among each other’s, and reproducibility issues with their answers. Both GPT models performed comparably to each other but were significantly inferior to dermatologists. However, both did not cause delays in referral to a dermatologist.
Development and Validation of the Academic Hope Scale (AcHS) for Students
Authors: Khormaei Farhad , Songhorabadi Saman Kamari , Khanna Maya Michelle 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Since the majority of hope-related instruments constructed so far assessed the general concept of hope in life, developing the academic hope scale can provide valuable information in academic fields. The present study aimed at developing and validating of academic hope scale in student samples at schools and universities. This scale consisted of 27 items which extracted from the results of interviews with high school and university students and based on the theoretical foundations of Snyder’s (1994) and Pekrun’s theories (2006). The psychometric properties of this scale were examined in two studies. 241 high school students and 566 bachelor’s students are selected through the multi-stage random cluster sampling method in the first and second studies, respectively. The results of the exploratory factor analysis in the first study in which principal component analysis (PC) was used, showed that there were 4 components of academic hope, namely hope to gain opportunities, hope to gain life skills, hope in school’s usefulness, and hope to gain competency. In the second study, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the existence of the 4 components of academic hope. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients in the first and second studies showed high levels of scale reliability. In general, the results indicated that the AcHS had appropriate reliability and validity in both school and university populations and could be used as a useful tool for measuring academic hope in various academic groups.
Channel screw and W-shaped angular plate fixation of complexposterior acetabular fractures based on x-ray diagnostics
Authors: Lin Jiajie , Fan Shicai , Ban Jindong , Li Hang , Li Jiaming , Ruan Wenwu , Yang Chengliang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

To investigate the surgical technique and clinical effect of cylindrical channel screw and AW-shaped Angle plate in the treatment of complex posterior acetabular fractures. This paper retrospectively analyzed the data of 36 patients with complex posterior acetabular fractures treated with column channel screws and W-shaped Angle plates from January 2016 to December 2020. Acetabular fractures are reduced and then fixed with percutaneous channel screws and W-shaped corner plates, or ordinary reconstruction plates. X-ray imaging technology was used to determine the location and type of fractures. During the operation, slot screws and W-shaped plates were applied to the fixation accurately, and X-ray fluoroscopy was used to ensure the correct position of the fasteners. Postoperatively, X-ray imaging was performed to evaluate the position, stability, and fracture healing of the internal fixator. At the last follow-up, no complications such as hip infection, failure of internal fixation, or hip dislocation occurred in both groups. There was 1 case of femoral head necrosis in each group. Ectopic ossification occurred in 2 patients in the control group. Traumatic arthritis was found in 3 cases in experimental group and 4 cases in control group. Therefore, percutaneous channel screws and W-shaped Angle plates can improve the fracture reduction rate, promote the improvement of hip functional rehabilitation, and reduce postoperative complications.