bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The portal‐drained viscera release fibroblast growth factor 19 in humans
Authors: Koelfat Kiran V. K. , Bloemen Johanne G. , Jansen Peter L. M. , Dejong Cornelis H. C. , Schaap Frank G. , Olde Damink Steven W. M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is an ileum‐derived endrocrine factor that is produced in response to transepithelial bile salt flux. FGF19 represses bile salt synthesis in the liver. Despite the general assumption that FGF19 signals to the liver via portal blood, no human data are available to support this notion. The aim was to study portal FGF19 levels, and determined bile salt and FGF19 fluxes across visceral organs in humans. Bile salt and FGF19 levels were assessed in arterial, portal, and hepatic venous blood collected from fasted patients who underwent partial liver resection for colorectal liver metastases (n = 30). Fluxes across the portal‐drained viscera (PDV), liver, and splanchnic area were calculated. Portal bile salt levels (7.8 [5.0–12.4] μmol/L) were higher than levels in arterial (2.7 [1.7–5.5] μmol/L, P < 0.0001) and hepatic venous blood (3.4 [2.5–6.5] μmol/L, P < 0.0001). Bile salts released by the PDV (+1.2 [+0.7–+2.0] mmol kg−1 h−1, P < 0.0001) were largely taken up by the liver (−1.0 [−1.8 to −0.4] mmol kg−1 h−1, P < 0.0001). Portal levels of FGF19 (161 ± 78 pg/mL) were higher than arterial levels (135 ± 65 pg/mL, P = 0.046). A net release of FGF19 by the PDV (+4.0 [+2.1 to +9.9] ng kg−1 h−1, P < 0.0001) was calculated. There was no significant flux of FGF19 across the liver (−0.2 [−3.7 to +7.4] ng kg−1 h−1, P = 0.93). In conclusion, FGF19 levels in human portal blood are higher than in arterial blood. FGF19 is released by the portal‐drained viscera under fasted steady state conditions.
Anticoagulation increases alveolar hemorrhage in mice infected with influenza A
Authors: Tatsumi Kohei , Antoniak Silvio , Subramaniam Saravanan , Gondouin Bertrand , Neidich Scott D. , Beck Melinda A. , Mickelson Jacqueline , Monroe Dougald M. , Bastarache Julie A. , Mackman Nigel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInfluenza A virus infection is a common respiratory tract infection. Alveolar hemorrhage has been reported in patients with influenza pneumonia and in mice infected with influenza A. In this study, we investigated the effect of two anticoagulants on alveolar hemorrhage after influenza A virus (IAV) infection of wild‐type mice. Wild‐type mice were anticoagulated with either warfarin or the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate and then infected with a mouse‐adapted influenza virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1). Alveolar hemorrhage was assessed by measuring hemoglobin levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). We also measured vascular permeability and viral genomes in the lung, as well as white blood cells, inflammatory mediators, and protein in BALF. Survival and body weight were monitored for 14 days after influenza A infection. In infected mice receiving either warfarin or dabigatran etexilate we observed decreased activation of coagulation in the BALF and increased alveolar hemorrhage. Warfarin but not dabigatran etexilate increased vascular permeability and mortality of influenza A‐infected mice. Anticoagulation did not affect levels of influenza A genomes, white blood cells, inflammatory mediators, or protein in the BALF. Our study indicates that systemic anticoagulation increases alveolar hemorrhage in influenza A‐infected mice.
A General Framework for and New Normalization of Attributable Proportion
Authors: Hössjer Ola , Kockum Ingrid , Alfredsson Lars , Hedström Anna Karin , Olsson Tomas , Lekman Magnus 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA unified theory is developed for attributable proportion (AP) and population attributable fraction (PAF) of joint effects, marginal effects or interaction among factors. We use a novel normalization with a range between –1 and 1 that gives the traditional definitions of AP or PAF when positive, but is different when they are negative. We also allow for an arbitrary number of factors, both those of primary interest and confounders, and quantify interaction as departure from a given model, such as a multiplicative, additive odds or disjunctive one. In particular, this makes it possible to compare different types of threeway or higher order interactions. Effect parameters are estimated on a linear or logit scale in order to find point estimates and confidence intervals for the various versions of AP and PAF, for prospective or retrospective studies. We investigate the accuracy of three confidence intervals; two of which use the delta method and a third bootstrapped interval. It is found that the delta method with logit type transformations, and the bootstrap, perform well for a wide range of models. The methodology is also applied to a multiple sclerosis (MS) data set, with smoking and two genetic variables as risk factors.
Endothermic Properties of Modified Expanded
Graphite-based CaxZny(OH)2(x+y) Composite
Materials for Heat Storage
Authors: Zheng Maosheng , Lu Liting , Sun Shimin , Hu Jun , Teng Haipeng 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In this paper, the preparation and the test of the
endothermic properties of modified expanded graphitebased
CaxZny(OH)2(x+y) composite materials are reported,
which is promised to be used for heat storage. Coprecipitation
method is employed to prepare the modified
expanded graphite-based CaxZny(OH)2(x+y) composite materials
for heat storage. Ca(OH)2 is dissolved in water first,
and a certain amount of ZnO is added into the Ca(OH)2 solution
to get a milky suspension; thereafter the modified
expanded graphite is immersed into the milky suspension
to prepare the composite materials by way of physical adsorption.
Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetric
analyzer is used to analyze the endothermic properties of
the material. The results show that the endothermic enthalpy
of the composite material is about 1000 J/g with
lower decomposition temperature.
Contributions of linguistic typology to psycholinguistics
Authors: Clahsen Harald 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article first outlines different ways of how psycholinguists have dealt with linguistic diversity and illustrates these approaches with three familiar cases from research on language processing, language acquisition, and language disorders. The second part focuses on the role of morphology and morphological variability across languages for psycholinguistic research. The specific phenomena to be examined are to do with stem-formation morphology and inflectional classes; they illustrate how experimental research that is informed by linguistic typology can lead to new insights.
Carbon Nanostructures Produced by Liquid Phase
Exfoliation of Graphite in the Presence of Small
Organic Molecules
Authors: Tapia Jesús I. , Quintana Mildred 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We report on the formation of different carbon
nanostructures by ultrasonication of graphite in DMF
upon the addition of 3 different small molecules: ferrocene
carboxylic acid, dimethylamino methyl-ferrocene,
and benzyl aldehyde. Our results confirm that acoustic
cavitation in organic solvents generates free radicals
which enable or are involved in secondary reactions.
During the ultrasonication process, the addition of
small molecules induces the formation of different carbon
nanostructures mainly depending on the chemical nature
of the molecule, as observed by transmission electron
microscopy (TEM). Raman spectroscopy analysis confirms
that small molecules act as radical scavengers reducing
the damage caused by cavitation to graphene sheets producing
long nanoribbons, squared sheets, or carbon nanoscrolls.
Importantly, this strategy allows the production
of different carbon nanostructures in liquid-phase making
them readily available for their chemical functionalization
or for their incorporation into hybrids materials enabling
the development of new advanced biological applications.
The potential of porous silicon particles for
multi-epitopic vaccine development
Authors: Navarro-Tovar G. , Wong-Arce A. , Campos-Portillo M. , Palestino G. , Rosales-Mendoza S. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Vaccination is a crucial approach to eradicate
and control amyriad of infectious and non-communicable
diseases. Subunit vaccines are considered the most convenient
approach for vaccine formulation; however, the
development of new adjuvants and vaccine delivery vehicles
to improve the immunogenicity of such formulations
is needed. The authors of this review describe the recent
application of porous silicon particles (PSiP) as both a potential
vaccine delivery vehicle and adjuvant. PSiP are attractive
for this application due to its safety, biodegradability
and compatibility for functionalization. Herein, the
development of multi-epitope cancer vaccines is discussed
as an example on how PSiP are promising materials for the
development of innovative vaccines.
Effects of ZnO crystals synthesized in presence of CMI biopolymer on PHBV properties
Authors: Bekat Tugce , Oner Mualla 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Rod-shaped ZnO crystals were synthesized by chemical precipitation method from aqueous solution. Carboxymethyl inulin (CMI) was used as an additive in ZnO synthesis reaction, and particles with differing sizes and structures were obtained. CMI hindered crystal growth in the length axis of the rods, while growth on the lateral axis was not suppressed. ZnO crystals synthesized with varying CMI concentrations were incorporated into PHBV (3-polyhydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) matrix and the effect of the particles on thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer were investigated. Considerably good particle dispersion was obtained in the polymer matrix by melt-extrusion method. ZnO particles did not seem to affect main crystal structure, melting temperature and crystallization temperature of PHBV, whereas they had a retarding effect on crystallization. The addition of ZnO particles into PHBV increased elongation at break and toughness values, along with the decrease in the degree of crystallinity. Tensile strength was also increased without a significant change on the stiffness. Thermal degradation temperatures were observed to slightly decrease with ZnO addition compared to neat PHB; however, degradation peak temperature was still considerably above the melting temperature of the polymer.
Zwischen Vertrauen und Ausgrenzung
Authors: Winands Martin , Grau Andreas , Zick Andreas 
Published: December 2016

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende qualitative Fallanalyse befasst sich mit dem Einstieg junger Menschen in die Szene der sogenannten Ultras und dessen Bedingungsfaktoren. Dazu wurden zwei problemzentrierte Interviews mit einer weiblichen Anwärterin und einem männlichen Anwärter auf eine Mitgliedschaft in einer Ultra-Gruppe geführt. Es wird den Fragen nachgegangen, wie die AspirantInnen den Einstieg bewältigen und welche Bedeutung der Kategorie des Geschlechts zukommt. Dabei werden die je subjektiven Erwartungen, Prozesse, Bedeutungsgehalte und Konflikte analysiert. Es zeigt sich, dass trotz einiger Parallelen die Einstiegsprozesse sehr unterschiedlich verlaufen. Dabei kommt insbesondere den Kategorien des Geschlechts, des Beziehungsstandes sowie des Alters zentrale Bedeutung zu. Der Beitrag erweitert damit die Forschung über Fußballfangruppen um den wichtigen Prozess des Szenezugangs.
Making better use of what we have: Strategies to minimize food waste and resource inefficiency in Canada
Authors: MacRae Rod , Siu Anne , Kohn Marlee , Matsubuchi-Shaw Moira , McCallum Doug , Hernandez Cervantes Tania , Perreault Danielle 
Published: December 2016

We examined the problems of and solutions to food waste through the main three frames of social science research on food waste: political economy; the cultural turn (the cultures, ideologies and politics of food and consumption); and political ecology. In the course of our collective research on food waste, we analyzed dozens of government and company documents, interviewed over 35 employees of food chain firms and organizations, including 9 middle to senior managers in food retail, and 2 farmers. One co-author, as part of this and affiliated work (McCallum, Campbell & MacRae, 2014), toured distribution facilities and stores of a major Canadian food retailer, had access to the Company’s head office staff, held group and one-on-one interviews with staff in a variety of capacities, and was granted access to confidential corporate reports. Another co-author volunteered with a food recovery organization and spoke with their operational staff. Our method to identify solutions is described in more detail below, but essentially we follow a normative approach as broadly outlined by MacRae and Winfield (2016). Our focus in this paper is on changes to policies, programmes and legislation/regulation at the level of the state. Such interventions are clearly only a piece of a wide ranging set of initiatives to be undertaken by numerous actors – from food chain firms to individual eaters – but our reading is that more attention has recently been paid to private firm than regulatory changes. We hope to redress this to some degree in this article.
Formação dos professores para as modalidades educação especial e educação indígena: espaços intersticiais
Authors: Da Silva Joao Henrique , Bruno Marilda Moraes Garcia 
Published: December 2016

Este relato de pesquisa discute a formação de professores para o Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) na interface com a educação escolar indígena. Participaram do estudo quatro professores do AEE em escolas indígenas de Dourados (MS). O objetivo geral foi desenvolver, em conjunto com esses professores, um programa de formação continuada para investigar as ações pedagógicas presentes nas Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais (SRMs) e analisar os impasses, os obstáculos os desafios do AEE e da inclusão escolar. Fundamentou-se nos estudos culturais a na pesquisa colaborativa, fazendo uso de entrevista semiestruturada, entrevista coletiva e diário de campo. Os resultados evidenciaram: a necessidade de formação inicial/continuada para professores do AEE, adequadas às especificidades das escolas indígenas; a política de formação dos professores como desafio para a superação das práticas hegemônicas e o trânsito entre diferentes espaços intersticiais e fronteiras dos conhecimentos; a emergência da (re)significação do AEE numa perspectiva intercultural e de exercício crítico do fazer pedagógico.
Pibid como espaço de formação docente
Authors: Fernandes Jarina Rodrigues , Sisla Heloisa Chalmers , Nascente Renata Maria Moschen 
Published: December 2016

O propósito deste artigo é analisar como o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid), da Capes, que tem sido desenvolvido no curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), desde 2011, vem se constituindo em um terceiro espaço de formação de professores/as. Para tanto, foram analisadas experiências narradas em entrevistas semiestruturadas por três licenciandas em Pedagogia que participaram do programa por três anos consecutivos. Ficaram evidenciadas aprendizagens relativas à escola e diferenciação entre o Pibid e o estágio, com características de uma profissionalidade reflexiva, intelectual e autônoma, com elementos que denotam a constituição do referido terceiro espaço de formação.
Investigando modelos pedagógicos para educação a distância: desafios e aspectos emergentes
Authors: Vendruscolo Maria Ivanice , Behar Patrícia Alejandra 
Published: December 2016

O estudo apresenta uma investigação qualitativa a respeito de modelos pedagógicos com ênfase na educação a distância, a fim de identificar seus aspectos emergentes. Os avanços sociais, econômicos, culturais e tecnológicos vêm provocando mudanças nas práticas pedagógicas. Consequentemente, provocam o surgimento de novos modelos pedagógicos. Para tal, os dados do estudo foram obtidos no Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, relativos ao período de 2001 a 2014, por pesquisa bibliográfica. E os resultados evidenciam que, de forma abrangente, os modelos pedagógicos da amostra atendem às características da geração emergente da EAD, com ênfase na aprendizagem centrada no estudante: o primado da flexibilidade, o primado da interação e o princípio da inclusão digital. Contudo, observou-se, adicionalmente, a não consolidação conceitual do termo modelo pedagógico pela comunidade científica, sendo empregado para designar, principalmente, estratégias e ferramentas pedagógicas.
Educação infantil: da diversidade de oferta aos novos locais de governança
Authors: Tripodi Zara Figueiredo 
Published: December 2016

Este texto apresenta resultados preliminares de pesquisa que tem sido realizada no âmbito de pós-doutorado, no Centro de Estudos da Metrópole – USP/Cebrap. Busca-se examinar, aqui, as principais tendências de expansão da educação infantil pelos municípios, tendo como referência o novo Plano Nacional de Educação. Inicialmente, fazse uma breve retrospectiva dos marcos regulatórios da educação infantil. Discute-se, em seguida, o federalismo, a reforma do aparelho do Estado (1995) e sua interface com a educação das crianças pequenas. A instituição do PNE, as metas das capitais brasileiras para a primeira etapa da educação básica e os novos locais de governança são o foco de atenção seguinte do texto. Por fim, conclui-se que a publicação da Lei nº 13.019/2014 concorre para reafirmar a tendência de oferta da educação infantil pelo setor público não estatal, tendo em vista as metas do PNE.
A inserção profissional de professores de educação física iniciantes: aprendendo a ser professor
Authors: Gariglio José Angelo 
Published: December 2016

Este artigo relata os achados de uma pesquisa que trata dos aspectos singulares dos processos de iniciação à docência e à aprendizagem docente vivida por professores de educação física licenciados, egressos de uma universidade da rede federal de ensino. A metodologia de pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo, de caráter descritivo. O estudo foi realizado com 13 professores iniciantes (nove homens e quatro mulheres) e fez uso de duas técnicas de coleta de dados: entrevista e análises de casos de ensino. Os dados da pesquisa mostram que o pertencimento a um determinado campo disciplinar é um elemento importante a considerar para análise dos processos de inserção profissional e aprendizagem docente, já que definem modos particulares e cruciais de ser professor e de se inserir na profissão.
The association between Internet addiction and personality disorders in a general population-based sample
Authors: Zadra Sina , Bischof Gallus , Besser Bettina , Bischof Anja , Meyer Christian , John Ulrich , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen 
Published: December 2016

Background and aims
Data on Internet addiction (IA) and its association with personality disorder are rare. Previous studies are largely restricted to clinical samples and insufficient measurement of IA.

Methods
Cross-sectional analysis data are based on a German sub-sample (n = 168; 86 males; 71 meeting criteria for IA) with increased levels of excessive Internet use derived from a general population sample (n = 15,023). IA was assessed with a comprehensive standardized interview using the structure of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the criteria of Internet Gaming Disorder as suggested in DSM-5. Impulsivity, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and self-esteem were assessed with the widely used questionnaires.

Results
Participants with IA showed higher frequencies of personality disorders (29.6%) compared to those without IA (9.3%; p < .001). In males with IA, Cluster C personality disorders were more prevalent than among non-addicted males. Compared to participants who had IA only, lower rates of remission of IA were found among participants with IA and additional cluster B personality disorder. Personality disorders were significantly associated with IA in multivariate analysis. Discussion and conclusion: Comorbidity of IA and personality disorders must be considered in prevention and treatment.
Análise do Projeto de Lei do Senado (PLS) n° 200, de 2015, em face do Princípio da Proibição do Retrocesso Social
Authors: Lima Glaucia Ribeiro , Cunha Jarbas Ricardo Almeida 
Published: December 2016

O Projeto de Lei do Senado (PLS) n° 200, de 2015, propõe a edição de uma lei que dispõe sobre pesquisas clínicas envolvendo seres humanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise crítica do PLS 200/2015, tendo como base o Princípio da Proibição do Retrocesso Social. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva, documental e normativa, com levantamento de normas sanitárias e éticas relacionadas à pesquisa clínica e pareceres relacionados ao PL 200/2015. O PLS 200/2015 e as informações a ele relacionadas também foram consultados no endereço eletrônico do Senado Federal. A regulamentação da matéria por lei demonstrou não ser um problema nos pareceres consultados. Os principais conflitos estavam relacionados à criação de um comitê de ética independente (CEI), que não vincula a revisão ética a um órgão estatal; ao uso de placebo, cuja flexibilização é contrária a todos os esforços realizados para assegurar que os participantes tenham as melhores opções terapêuticas; e ao acesso pós-estudo, cuja restrição é contrária às regulamentações existentes que determinam o acesso gratuito e por tempo indeterminado. A análise das principais disposições especificadas no PLS 200/2015 não identificou avanço social ou de desenvolvimento técnico-científico. O Princípio da Proibição do Retrocesso Social pode ser utilizado, assim, para garantir os preceitos constitucionais já realizados e efetivados, em especial o direito à saúde, à dignidade da pessoa humana e à inviolabilidade do direito à vida.
A Bacia Apodi-Mossoró (RN) como Objeto de Pesquisa em Programas de Pós-Graduação
Authors: Souza Francisco das Chagas Silva , Santos Wanderson Lucas Alves dos , Justo Jader Felipe Araújo 
Published: December 2016

<p><em>A bacia hidrográfica Apodi-Mossoró é a segunda maior em extensão no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, daí a importância hídrica e socioeconômica que tem para as populações estabelecidas às margens dos seus rios e reservatórios. Nosso objetivo, neste artigo, é apresentar um estado da arte das produções acadêmicas desenvolvidas nos Programas de Pós-Graduação strictu sensu de duas Instituições de Ensino Superior do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN e UFERSA) acerca dessa bacia. Após consultas nos diretórios on line das pós-graduações, encontramos 19 trabalhos (dissertações e teses), os quais foram analisados com base nos objetivos, metodologias e resultados apresentados pelos autores em seus resumos. Verificamos que a maior parte das produções se refere a análises de padrões físicos, químicos e biológicos da água em pontos específicos da bacia hidrográfica ou ao longo do trecho do Rio Apodi/Mossoró. O aspecto socioambiental foi tratado de forma limitada nessas investigações. Assim, considerando-se os títulos e os textos dos resumos dos trabalhos investigados, concluímos que as pesquisas desenvolvidas nessas pós-graduações são predominantemente técnicas, pouco se abrindo a discussões interdisciplinares, a nosso ver, um elemento essencial nos estudos que envolvem a temática ambiental. </em><em> </em></p><p> </p><p><em><br /></em></p>