bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Levels of Fidelity in Simulation, Traditional Clinical Experiences and Objectives
Authors: Gore Teresa 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of baccalaureate nursing students’ (BSN) perceived learning effectiveness using the Clinical Learning Environments Comparison Survey of different levels of fidelity simulation and traditional clinical experiences. A convenience sample of 103 first semester BSN enrolled in a fundamental/assessment clinical course and 155 fifth semester BSN enrolled in a leadership clinical course participated in this study. A descriptive correlational design was used for this cross-sectional study to evaluate students’ perceptions after a simulation experience and the completion of the traditional clinical experiences. The subscales measured were communication, nursing leadership, and teaching-learning dyad. No statistical differences were noted based on the learning objectives. The communication subscale showed a tendency toward preference for traditional clinical experiences in meeting students perceived learning for communication. For student perceived learning effectiveness, faculty should determine the appropriate level of fidelity in simulation based on the learning objectives.
A European Structural Crisis Cartel as Solution to a Sectoral Depression?
Authors: Marx Christian 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Due to the decline of the Western European textile industry in the 1960s and international economic turbulences in the 1970s, the chemical fibre industry in Western Europe ran into trouble. The ten largest manufacturers of polyester fibres therefore applied for a structural crisis cartel in 1972. Even though the European Commission rejected the request, the question of a cartel agreement remained a topic of discussion at the European level for more than ten years. In June 1978, eleven European manufacturers of chemical fibres signed a cartel agreement in Brussels, but it was not compatible with the Treaty of the European Economic Community. It was not until 1980 that the companies submitted a new contract to the European Commission which was in accordance with antitrust law and renewed in 1982. The article analyses the course of negotiations as well as the driving forces and different aims of political and industrial players on the national and the European level.
Ein glücksökonomisch modifizierter Human Development Index für Deutschland (1920-1960)
Authors: Jopp Tobias A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The United Nations’ Human Development Index (HDI) has become an important tool for measuring and comparing living standards between countries and regions. However, the HDI has also attracted a fair share of conceptual criticism. Starting from Andrea Wagner’s historical estimations of a HDI for Germany in the interwar and early postwar period, we take up part of that criticism by implementing three essential modifications to the mode of calculation. We test how far they alter our picture of the relative living standard in the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich, and the Federal Republic of Germany. First, we replace the arithmetic mean by the geometric mean, which is said to solve the problem of perfect substitutability; second, we extend the HDI by an additional fourth dimension measuring economic and political freedom – an important, though neglected, dimension; and third, as the perhaps most crucial conceptual intervention, we develop weighting schemes for the partial indices that are theoretically backed by happiness economic research. Thus, we challenge the common, but arbitrary fundamental assumption that all partial indices receive equal weights. Our results show that the HDI for Germany reacts very sensitively to conceptual interventions, making it difficult to use it for the intertemporal and international comparison of living standards. We also find that the proposed modified HDIs allow for a re-evaluation of the living standard in interwar Germany; and in contrast to what the reference estimations on the HDI for Germany say, there is a profound discontinuity between the Third Reich and post-war Germany in terms of living standards.
Few and Far Between: Some Explanations of Health Provisions in Trade Agreements
Authors: Shahnawaz Sheikh 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe recent proliferation of trade agreements and swelling membership of the WTO can be explained in part by the promise of faster growth and economic development that trade liberalization is supposed to deliver. But many countries enter into arrangements that fail to safeguard national health objectives. This article proposes some explanations by developing a formal model. It identifies a country’s trade negotiation capacity, the significance of its exports to its trade partners, and its public health status as important determinants of how sensitive its trade agreements are to its health concerns. Some examples are provided to illustrate the predictions of the model.
Sustainability Reporting at Schools: Challenges and Benefits
Authors: Carbach Eva , Fischer Daniel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDespite advances made there is still an implementation gap with regard to Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in formal educational systems at the school level. The present paper focuses on sustainability reporting as a recently emerging practice in the school sector. It presents the approach and findings of an exploratory interview study at three pioneer schools in Germany that have started to establish sustainability reporting mechanisms. The study has examined how the reporting process is evaluated by project managers with regard to its benefits and challenges. Findings support the potential of sustainability reporting at schools to contribute to an increase in students’ participation in sustainability-related activities at school, create accountability concerning the school’s efforts, help structure the existing sustainability projects and demonstrate new possible courses of action. The high expenditure of time, the teachers’ high workload and lack of support given to the teachers have been identified as major challenges of the reporting process. Further directions for future research into reporting practices at schools are given.
The Formation of Learners’ Motivation to Study Physics in Terms of Sustainable Development of Education in Ukraine
Authors: Korsun Igor 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This study is aimed at creating a general technique for the formation of learners’ interest in physics in the context of sustainable development of education. The active means of training and active learning methods are the components of this technique. The sequence of interest formation for physics in the context of sustainable development of education was analyzed. This scheme shows the transition from a situational interest to an individual interest. Short-term objective is the formation of learners’ interest in physics as a school subject. Long-term objective is the formation of learners’ interest in physics as a science. Results proved that proposed technique increases the level of motivational component of the learners’ cognitive activity in physics teaching. This general technique can also be used in teaching other natural sciences (e.g., Chemistry, Biology, Geography, Ecology).
Value Education in Estonian Preschool Child Care Institutions
Authors: Ülavere Pärje 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
For systematic implementation of value education in educational institutions, the national programme ìValues Development in Estonian Society 2009ñ2013î (Ministry of Education and Research, 2009) was prepared in Estonia. However, it was launched only in 2010, and the authors intended to ascertain the values of the heads of preschool child care institutions, teachers and parents as well as their conception of value education. The national programme was updated as “Values Development in Estonian Society 2015- 2020” (Ministry of Education and Research 2015). In 2015, the researchers aimed to investigate if and how values of teachers of child care institutions and their conception of value education had changed. The sample in 2010 included nine respondents related to preschool child care institutions: three heads, three teachers, and three parents. The 2015 sample included 10 teachers. The research was conducted by using a qualitative method, which included semi-structured interviews and video observations of activities that teachers carried out with children. In 2010 and 2015, the values were said to be incorporated in general curricular goals and topics of the year. In 2010, the teachers said that values were not separately designated in the kindergarten curriculum; however, they were incorporated into the curriculum. They did not teach values as a separate discipline; values were highlighted in various activities and situation games. In 2015, it was mentioned that value education was consciously included in activities proceeding from the relevant schooling and education domain and the topic of the week. It may be said that in 2010 value education related topics had not been sufficiently introduced in kindergartens yet. Based on interviews and video observations conducted in 2015, it could be claimed that educators would benefit from a more deliberate approach to value education.
Macroscopic lattice Boltzmann model for heat and moisture transfer process with phase transformation in unsaturated porous media during freezing process
Authors: Song Wenyu , Zhang Yaning , Li Bingxi , Xu Fei , Fu Zhongbin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the current study, a macroscopic lattice Boltzmann model for simulating the heat and moisture transport phenomenon in unsaturated porous media during the freezing process was proposed. The proposed model adopted percolation threshold to reproduce the extra resistance in frozen fringe during the freezing process. The freezing process in Kanagawa sandy loam soil was demonstrated by the proposed model. The numerical result showed good agreement with the experimental result. The proposed model also offered higher computational efficiency and better agreement with the experimental result than the existing numerical models. Lattice Boltzmann method is suitable for simulating complex heat and mass transfer process in porous media at macroscopic scale under proper dimensionless criterion, which makes it a potentially powerful tool for engineering application.
The Connachta of Táin Bó Cúailnge
Authors: Bulatovas Romanas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAdvance in archaeology in the latter half of the 20th century rekindled interest in Táin Bó Cúailnge as a historical source and put the question of real-life identities of its main protagonists back on agenda. Despite the existing orthodoxy that the saga reflects fifth-century warfare between the southern Uí Néill and the Ulaid, some researchers continue questioning the role of the southern Uí Néill as well as the dates assigned to the events of the tale. In this article it is argued that the Connachta of the saga were more likely to be the northern Uí Néill. Furthermore, genealogical link between the two branches of the Uí Néill is put in doubt. Finally, it is suggested that the events of the Táin took place almost 200 years later than commonly believed.
Genesis 5 and the Formation of the Primeval History: a Redaction Historical Case Study
Authors: Hoopen Robin B. ten 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung:Der Artikel diskutiert die Komposition von Gen 5, das mögliche literarische Wachstum des Textes und seine Beziehung zu Gen 2–4 innerhalb der größeren Komposition der Urgeschichte. Quellen-Hypothesen, Ergänzungshypothesen und Blums priesterschriftliche Komposition werden als mögliche Erklärungen für die Beziehung zwischen Gen 5 und Gen 2–4 erwogen. Unter Berücksichtigung sowohl synchroner als auch diachroner Aspekte wird dafür votiert, Gen 5 als Entfaltung und Zusatz zu Gen 2–4 zu sehen. Im Lichte von Gen 5 bietet das Modell Blums die beste entstehungsgeschichtliche Erklärung für die Urgeschichte.
Leib und Situation. Zum Theorie- und Forschungsprogramm der Neophänomenologischen Soziologie
Authors: Gugutzer Robert 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDie phänomenologisch orientierte Soziologie steht überwiegend in der Tradition der Transzendentalphänomenologie Edmund Husserls und der Mundanphänomenologie Alfred Schütz’. Sie präsentiert sich daher vor allem als Lebenswelt-, Alltags- und Wissenssoziologie. Abgrenzend dazu skizziert der Beitrag eine alternative phänomenologische Soziologie, deren philosophisches Fundament die Neue Phänomenologie von Hermann Schmitz ist. Auf dieser Grundlage, allen voran der Leib- und Situationstheorie von Schmitz, werden die Grundzüge der Neophänomenologischen Soziologie (NPS) vorgestellt. Ihre wesentlichen Bausteine sind (1) das leiblich-affektive Betroffensein als präpersonales Apriori des Sozialen, (2) leibliche Kommunikation als Quelle der Du-Evidenz und kleinste Analyseeinheit des Sozialen sowie (3) die gemeinsame Situation als sozialontologisches Fundament und empirische Erscheinungsform von Sozialität.
Der Fall der Abstiegsangst, oder: Die mittlere Mittelschicht als sensibles Zentrum der Gesellschaft. Eine Trendanalyse 1984–2014
Authors: Lengfeld Holger , Ordemann Jessica 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungNeueren Studien zufolge hat in der deutschen Mittelschicht die Angst vor dem sozialen Abstieg, d. h. vor dem Verlust des sozioökonomischen Status, in den 1990er und 2000er Jahren zugenommen. Auf der Basis einer berufsbezogenen Konzeption analysieren wir den Verlauf der Abstiegsangst im Schichtvergleich über einen langen, von 1984 bis 2014 reichenden Zeitraum. Wir verwenden Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) von maximal 49.102 Erwerbstätigen, für die 286.049 Beobachtungen vorliegen. Mit deskriptiven Trendanalysen und random effects ordered probit-Regressionen mit anschließenden marginsplot zeigen wir, dass die empfundene Unsicherheit von Beginn des Beobachtungszeitraums bis 2005 in allen Schichten angestiegen ist, wobei der Anstieg in der mittleren Mitte am stärksten war. Für 2006 bis 2014 beobachten wir dagegen einen starken Rückgang der Statusverunsicherung in allen Schichten. Trotz der Wirtschaftskrise 2009 war das Ausmaß der Sorgen am Ende des Beobachtungszeitraums 2014 in fast allen Schichten auf dem niedrigen Niveau von 1991. Dabei sank das Ausmaß der Sorgen in der mittleren Mittelschicht im Schichtvergleich am stärksten ab. Wir fassen unsere Ergebnisse in der These der mittleren Mittelschicht als das sensible Zentrum der Gesellschaft zusammen.
Optogenetic Evidence for a Direct Circuit Linking Nociceptive Transmission through the Parabrachial Complex with Pain-Modulating Neurons of the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla (RVM)
Authors: Chen QiLiang , Roeder Zachary , Li Ming-Hua , Zhang YangMiao , Ingram Susan L. , Heinricher Mary M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe parabrachial complex (PB) is a functionally and anatomically complex structure involved in a range of homeostatic and sensory functions, including nociceptive transmission. There is also evidence that PB can engage descending pain-modulating systems, the best characterized of which is the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). Two distinct classes of RVM neurons, “ON-cells” and “OFF-cells,” exert net pronociceptive and anti-nociceptive effects, respectively. PB was recently shown to be a relay of nociceptive information to RVM ON- and OFF-cells. The present experiments used optogenetic methods in a lightly anesthetized rat and an adult RVM slice to determine whether there are direct, functionally relevant inputs to RVM pain-modulating neurons from PB. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that PB conveys direct glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs to RVM neurons. Consistent with this,in vivorecording showed that nociceptive-evoked responses of ON- and OFF-cells were suppressed by optogenetic inactivation of archaerhodopsin (ArchT)-expressing PB terminals in RVM, demonstrating that a net inhibitory input to OFF-cells and net excitatory input to ON-cells are engaged by acute noxious stimulation. Further, the majority of ON- and OFF-cells responded to optogenetic activation of channelrhodopsin (ChR2)-expressing terminals in the RVM, confirming a direct PB influence on RVM pain-modulating neurons. These data show that a direct connection from the PB to the RVM conveys nociceptive information to the pain-modulating neurons of RVM under basal conditions. They also reveal additional inputs from PB with the capacity to activate both classes of RVM pain-modulating neurons and the potential to be recruited under different physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Complex Coding and Regulatory Polymorphisms in a Restriction Factor Determine the Susceptibility of Drosophila to Viral Infection
Authors: Cao Chuan , Cogni Rodrigo , Barbier Vincent , Jiggins Francis M 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
It is common to find that major-effect genes are an important cause of variation in susceptibility to infection. Here we have characterized natural variation in a gene called pastrel that explains over half of the genetic variance in susceptibility to the Drosophila C virus (DCV) in populations of Drosophila melanogaster. We found extensive allelic heterogeneity, with a sample of seven alleles of pastrel from around the world conferring four phenotypically distinct levels of resistance. By modifying candidate SNPs in transgenic flies, we show that the largest effect is caused by an amino acid polymorphism that arose when an ancestral threonine was mutated to alanine, greatly increasing resistance to DCV. Overexpression of the ancestral, susceptible allele provides strong protection against DCV; indicating that this mutation acted to improve an existing restriction factor. The pastrel locus also contains complex structural variation and cis-regulatory polymorphisms altering gene expression. We find that higher expression of pastrel is associated with increased survival after DCV infection. To understand why this variation is maintained in populations, we investigated genetic variation surrounding the amino acid variant that is causing flies to be resistant. We found no evidence of natural selection causing either recent changes in allele frequency or geographical variation in frequency, suggesting that this is an old polymorphism that has been maintained at a stable frequency. Overall, our data demonstrate how complex genetic variation at a single locus can control susceptibility to a virulent natural pathogen.
Association between Toxoplasma gondii types and outcomes of human infection: A meta-analysis
Authors: Xia Jing , Cheng Xin-Yu , Wang Xiao-Jun , Peng Hong-Juan 
Published: June 2017

The virulence and pathogenicity of various types of Toxoplasma gondii differ considerably in mice. Recent studies have claimed that similar phenomenon was observed in humans, but no relevant studies have been performed to validate this finding. In addition, reports showing association between a given T. gondii type and outcomes of human infection yielded conflicting results. To provide a more precise estimation of the association and a more reliable conclusion on this subject, we performed this meta-analysis. Relevant literatures were identified in multiple databases and selected based on strict screening. T. gondii-type proportions among different severities of infection were calculated and compared using Fisher’s exact test. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated. Our results showed that the difference among T. gondii-type proportions was significant (p < 0.0001). In addition, significant associations were detected between Type I strains infection and congenital toxoplasmosis (OR: 1.91, p = 0.0009), Type III strains infection and pulmonary toxoplasmosis (OR: 5.15, p = 0.04). In our subgroup analysis, Type I strains were significantly associated with cerebral toxoplasmosis in offspring (OR: 1.81, p = 0.02). This result indicated that different types of T. gondii exhibited different virulence and caused different outcomes in humans.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN TPACK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LITERASI SAINS
Authors: Irmita Luthfia Ulva , Atun Sri 
Published: June 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran menggunakan pendekatan TPACK (Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge) untuk meningkatkan literasi sains siswa. Perangkat pembelajaran berupa Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) dan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) pembelajaran. Metode penelitian ini adalah Research and Development yang terdiri dari tiga tahap yaitu pendefinisian, perancangan dan pengembangan. Pada tahap pendefinisian dilakukan persiapan studi awal. Pada tahap perancangan dilakukan untuk menentukan indikator, tujuan pembelajaran dan analisis materi laju reaksi. Pada tahan pengembangan dilakukan pengembangan langkah-langkah kegiatan pembelajaran pada RPP dengan menggunakan pendekatan TPACK dan model discovery learning serta LKS pembelajaran yang akan diuji kelayakannya oleh dua orang dosen validator dan dua orang guru kimia Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA). RPP dan LKS pembelajaran dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan literasi sains yang mencakup ketiga aspek yaitu aspek konteks sains, konten sains dan proses sains. Hasil uji kelayakan menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran dikatakan memiliki kelayakan yang baik dengan rata-rata skor untuk RPP yaitu 49,75 dan untuk LKS pembelajaran yaitu 43,5. Selain itu, uji kelayakan dengan menggunakan Aiken’s V perangkat pembelajaran dikatakan memiliki validitas yang tinggi dengan rata-rata nilai Aiken’s V yaitu 0,675. Dengan demikian, perangkat pembelajaran menggunakan pendekatan TPACK dengan model discovery learning dapat digunakan khususnya pada materi laju reaksi kimia.
(N, N, N’, N’-Tetramethy -p- phebylebediamine dihydrochloride) as a New Analytical Reagent for Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron (III). (Fadhil M. Najib and Nawzad N. Ahmad)
Authors: Najib Fadhil , Ahmad Nawzad 
Published: June 2017

New reagent N, N,-N,-N - Tetramethyl-pe phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (TMPDA-2HCl) was described for the determination of Iron (II) spectrophotometrically. Beer's Law was obeyed between (0.4- 2.4 ppm) Iron (III). Optimum conditions were : pH(2-3), λmax= 560 nm, 2ml (0.001M) reagent freshly prepared for final 25ml solution containing 10 to 60 μg [i .e. 0.4-2.4 ppm Fe(III)], color develops after 10 minutes and remains stable for three hours.
Best Straight line drawn by the method of least square gave correlation coefficient of (0.999) between (0 - 2 ppm). At lower limit of Fe(III) determination (0.4 ppm), maximum error did not exceed 5% in the presence of accumulative interfering ions with coefficient of variation of 1.8% there values, for 2 ppm Fe(III), were less that 4% and 0.34% respectively. Average extinction coefficient was about (1.5 x 10^4 L.mol-1. cm-1). The Stoichiometry of the complex [ Fe(III) - R ] was 1:1.
Interferences of 27 ions were studied for their tolerance levels. Only few ions interfered seriously which were Cu2+, Ag+, Zn2+, Sn2+, C2O42-, and F-.