bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties and crack propagation of discrete distribution non-persistent jointed rock masses under uniaxial compression
Authors: Huang Dan , Xiao Zilong , Jin Qingping , Xu Qingmei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Fractured rocks as typical engineering materials are commonly influence by distinct arrangement of joints and the angle of their inclination. In this paper, uniaxial compression test were carried out on three kinds of marble samples (a-series, b-series and c-series) containing different dip angle (30◦, 45◦, 60◦ and 75◦). Subsequently, strain gauge and high speed camera were used to monitor the micro fracture and the change of surface strain, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also used to study the morphology of marble. Thereafter, numerical simulation of the fractured rocks based on the discrete element method were investigated. The rock mass's failure trajectory, mode of failure were investigated in the experiment, and the distribution of PFC cracks, their displacement, the spread of prefabricated cracks, and the manner of their failure under simulated scenarios were investigated in the simulation. Additionally, an examination was conducted on the damage and its constitutive curves for the three marble varieties, along with an analysis of the connection between the initial damage and the distribution of joints. The results demonstrate that the gradient of the fissure plays a role in determining the durability of marble. The numerical simulation reveals an enhancement in both the maximum strength and the elasticity of the crack correlating with the crack's rising dip. The stepped, coplanar and rotational failure modes in rock mass were proposed utilizes a blend of experimental and simulated data. Damage constitutive model resembles the stress-strain curve's pre-peak curvature, during the post-peak stage of the stress-strain graph, the decrease in stress becomes more pronounced and fragile.
Multi-stage fault location technique based on single-ended measurements in Hybrid-HVDC networks with a mixture of overhead line and underground cable
Authors: Iliyaeifar Mir Mohammad , Hadaeghi Arsalan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The utilization of HVDC transmission networks with composite transmission lines (TL) is increasing rapidly. Therefore, examination of fault section identification (FSI) along with fault location is of utmost importance in these sorts of grids. In this paper, by utilizing single-ended measurements and analysing the rectifier side’s fault signals, the fault localization issue of LCC-VSC-HVDC systems with a mixed overhead line (OHL) and underground cable (UGC) is completely scrutinized. Two powerful scenarios are implemented to examine the fault location issue of the aforementioned HVDC system. In the initial scenario, the evaluation focuses on a unified DC transmission line in conjunction with a solitary Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The second scenario presents a bifurcated approach to the DC line, employing hybrid energy and wavelet methods to apply the FSI across the integrated DC transmission network. Subsequently, after dividing the TL into different sections (OHL/UGC), the ANN will determine the faulty spot more accurate than the first scenario. In other words, a multi-stage technique along with two completely different subsections and ANNs will be utilized for two subdivisions. A ± 100 kV hybrid LCC-VSC-HVDC transmission system with 250km of mixed OHL and UGC is simulated via MATLAB software, and the results are completely juxtaposed.
Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnant Females:
An Electronic Health Records Analysis from the RECOVER Initiative (PCORnet and N3C)
Authors: Zang Chengxi , Guth Daniel , Bruno Ann , Xu Zhenxing , Ammar Nariman , Chew Robert , Güthe Nicholas , Hadley Emily , Kaushal Rainu , Love Tanzy , McGrath Brenda , Patel Rena , Seibert Elizabeth , Singh Sharad , Wang Fei , Weiner Mark , Wilkins Kenneth , Zhang Yiye , Metz Torri , Hill Elaine , Carton Thomas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

While pregnancy has been associated with an altered immune response and distinct clinical manifestations of COVID-19, the influence of pregnancy on the persistence and severity of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), or Long COVID, remains uncertain. This study investigated PASC risk in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and compared it with that in reproductive-age females with SARS-CoV-2 infection outside of pregnancy. This retrospective analysis identified 72,151 individuals who contracted SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and 1,439,354 females who contracted SARS-CoV-2 outside of pregnancy, aged 18 to 50 years old, from March 2020 to June 2023 in the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet) and the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C). A comprehensive list of PASC outcomes was investigated, including a PCORnet rule-based PASC definition, an N3C PASC machine learning (ML) Phenotype, unspecified PASC ICD-10 diagnoses (ICD10 codes U09.9 or B94.8), and a cluster of cognitive, fatigue, and respiratory conditions. Overall, the estimated risk of PASC at 180 days of follow-up for those infected during pregnancy was 16.47 events per 100 persons (95% CI, 16.00 to 16.95) in the PCORnet cohort, based on the PCORnet rule-based PASC definition, and 4.37 events per 100 persons (95% CI, 4.18 to 4.57) in the N3C cohort based on the ML model. The risks of unspecified PASC diagnoses were 0.19 events per 100 persons (95% CI, 0.14 to 0.25) in PCORnet, and 0.23 events per 100 persons (95% CI, 0.19 to 0.28) in N3C; and the risks of any post-acute cognitive, fatigue, and respiratory condition were 4.86 events per 100 persons (95% CI, 4.59 to 5.14) in PCORnet, and 6.83 events per 100 persons (95% CI, 6.59 to 7.08) in N3C. The PASC risk varied across different subpopulations within pregnant females. The observed risk factors for PASC included self-reported Black race, advanced maternal age, infection during the first two trimesters, obesity, and the presence of baseline comorbid conditions. While the findings suggest a high incidence of PASC in individuals following SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, the risk of PASC in pregnant females was lower than in matched non-pregnant females.
Histopathological Changes in the Placenta in Late Intrauterine Fetal Deaths at a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: saba Sayedatus , Begum Shahnaj , Ferdous Jesmin Naz , Billah Md. Mustain 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:Meticulous gross andmicroscopic studiesof the singleton placenta alone may provide valuable information regarding the cause of unexplained intrauterine fetal deaths(IUFDs) and can offer potential treatment options for its prevention in future pregnancies.
Objective: To determine the histopathological changes in the placenta associated with late intrauterine fetal death.
Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, fromMarch 2021 to January 2023. A total of 80 patients aged between 19 and 44 years with late IUFDs were included in this study. Theplacentas of the dead newbornswere histopathologically analyzed.
Results: All of the patients presentedsignificant gross andhistopathological changes in the placental specimens. A total of 71.3% of them were <30 years of age. Fifty percent of the patients were multipara, and 45% were primi. The gestational ages of 61.3% of the patients were within 37–40 weeks, 20% were within 28–32 weeks, and 18.8% were within 33–36 weeks. The mean placental weight was 407 gm, and 46.3% of the patients had placental weights within 410–450 gm. A total of 33.8% of the patients had placental diameters within 9–12 cm, and 48.8% had placental diameters within 13–16 cm. Cord insertion was eccentric in 41.3%, central in 45.0% and marginal in 12.5% of the patients. A total of 18.8% of patients had hypocoil, and 10% had hypercoiled cords. Twenty percent ofpatients had retroplacental hemorrhage. The membrane was greenish yellow in 3.8% of the samples and pale bluish in 2.4% of the samples. The significantmicroscopic findings were vascular ectasia with congestion in 26.3% of the patients, disorders of villous maturation in 35%, perivillous fibrin deposition in 15.0%, intervillous hemorrhage in 23.8%, subamniotic hemorrhagein 2.5%, microcalcification in 18.8%, infarct with avascular ghost villi in 17.5%, villous edema in 15%, deciduitis in 6.25%, thrombus in 5%, perivillous fibrin deposition in 15%, chorangiosis in 2.5%, villitis of unknown origin in 25% and chronic intervillositis in 17.5% of the patients. Maternal and fetal inflammatory responses were present in 26 patients, of whom46.2% had stage 1 and 38.5% had stage 2 maternal inflammatory responses. A total of 7.7% had stage 1 inflammatory response, and 23.1% had stage 2 fetalinflammatory response.
Discussion: This study revealed that late IUFD is associated withsignificant placental histopathological abnormalities. Identification of these abnormalities can provide information about the etiopathogenesis of late intrauterine fetal deaths, can play a very important role in medicolegal situations and can guide physicians in the management of patients to prevent further pregnancy losses.
Identification of a turnover in the initial mass function of a young stellar cluster down to 0.5 MJ
Authors: De Furio Matthew , Meyer Michael , Greene Thomas , Hodapp Klaus , Johnstone Doug , Leisenring Jarron , Rieke Marcia , Robberto Massimo , Roellig Thomas , Cugno Gabriele , Fiorellino Eleonora , Manara Carlo , Raileanu Roberta , Terwisga Sierk van 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We present results exploring the initial mass function in a young (< 1 Myr) embedded star-forming region, NGC 2024, down to sub-Jupiter masses using the Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Predominant star formation theory predicts a mass limit for the formation of objects produced through the fragmentation of molecular clouds, 2-10 MJ. Previous studies identified an increasing mass function from the hydrogen-burning limit down to ~ 10 MJ, but were not sensitive to lower mass objects. In GTO-1190 (PI: M.R. Meyer), we obtained deep imaging of the central core of NGC 2024, covering 0.7 - 5 μm and sensitive down to 0.5 MJ, and extracted photometry for 48 candidate members of the cluster. We find that a broken power-law model of the mass function best represents the data, increasing from 60 MJ to 12 MJ then followed by a decrease down to 0.5 MJ. This is the first evidence for a decrease in the mass function below 10 MJ in a stellar population. Our program probes the lowest masses theoretically produced through star formation processes, finding no likely cluster members below about 3 MJ, potentially the fundamental limit of the star and brown dwarf formation process.
A robustly rooted tree of eukaryotes reveals their excavate ancestry.
Authors: Roger Andrew , Williamson Kelsey , Eme Laura , Baños Hector , McCarthy Charley , Susko Edward , Kamikawa Ryoma , Orr Russell , Muñoz-Gómez Sergio , Minh Bui , Simpson Alastair 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The eukaryote Tree of Life (eToL) depicts the relationships among all eukaryotic organisms; its root represents the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) from which all extant complex lifeforms are descended. Locating this root is crucial for reconstructing the features of LECA, both as the endpoint of eukaryogenesis and the start-point for the evolution of the myriad complex traits underpinning the diversification of living eukaryotes. However, the position of the root remains contentious due to pervasive phylogenetic artefacts stemming from inadequate evolutionary models, poor taxon sampling, and limited phylogenetic signal. Here, we estimate the root of the eToL with unprecedented resolution based on a new, much larger, dataset of mitochondrial proteins which includes all known eukaryotic supergroups. Our comprehensive analyses with state-of-the-art phylogenetic models reveal that the eukaryotic root lies between two multi-supergroup assemblages: ‘Opimoda+’ and ‘Diphoda+’. Compellingly, this position is consistently supported across different models and robustness analyses. Notably, groups containing ‘typical excavates’ are placed on both sides of the root, suggesting the complex features of the ‘excavate’ cell architecture trace back to LECA. This study is the most comprehensive phylogenetic investigation of the eukaryote root to date, shedding light on the ancestral cells from which extant eukaryotes arose and providing a crucial framework for investigating the origin and evolution of canonical eukaryotic features.
Febrile seizures in children between 6 months and less than 5 years
Authors: Altun Razan Ibrahim , abdul_Raouf Rama saied , Pharaon Prof Dr. Nawar Zuhair 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: A study of the relative prevalence of a common complaint such as febrile seizures, in which a large number of patients are referred to the ambulance department annually.
Methods and materials: Data were collected through clinical history, detailed medical examination, and necessary investigations such as CT, lumbar puncture, and others.
Results: (URI) was the most common foci of infection causing febrile seizure (60.4%), followed by Gastroenteritis (GE) which was (18.8%), while pneumonia was the least common (2.9%) of all cases, also a weak inverse relationship was observed between the patient's age and the duration of the febrile seizure, where the median duration of the febrile seizure was higher in age (24 months or less) which was 9.1 minutes compared to age (more than 24 months) which was 6.2 minutes, with statistical significant (P=0.0018), and a weak direct relationship was observed between the temperature during convulsion and the duration of the febrile seizure, as the median duration of the febrile seizure was higher at a temperature (more than 39 C), reaching 8.3 minutes, compared to a temperature (38-39 C), which reached 7.8 minutes, without statistical significant (P=0.32).
Heineke-Mikulicz plasty as a Treatment for Proximal Type I Jejunal Atresia: Presentation of 4 Cases
Authors: Rosa-Bustamante Eduardo De la , colin-garnica jorge , Guillen-Cardenas Arturo , Luna-Lopez Gerardo , Gonzalez-Garcia Hugo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Proximal jejunal atresia is a congenital obstruction of the jejunum, typically located within the first 15 cm from the ligament of Treitz. This condition prevents the passage of intestinal contents, leading to symptoms such as bilious vomiting, abdominal distension, and a lack of meconium passage in newborns. The standard treatment for proximal jejunal atresia is primary anastomosis, which involves resecting the atretic segment and directly joining the proximal and distal ends of the intestine. However, this procedure carries risks due to its proximity to the angle of Treitz, leading to the development of alternative techniques to manage this pathology.
Methods: We present four patients with proximal type I jejunal atresia successfully treated with Heineke–Mikulicz plasty from August 2023 to May 2024.
Results: The patients experienced a favorable postoperative course,with an average time to full oral intake ranging from 9--25 days, with a median of 13 days.
Conclusion: This technique avoids complications such as high-output stomas, anastomotic leaks, dehiscence, and repeated surgical reinterventions. We propose this technique as an alternative treatment for this condition. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case series in Mexico that uses this approach.
Association between preoperative diaphragm thickening fraction and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Okura PT Kazuki , Hasegawa MSc PT Kakeru , Sakamoto PT Ririko , Takahashi PT Yusuke , Nagaki  , Wakita  , Sato  , Kasukawa  , Miyakoshi  
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative diaphragm thickening assessed using ultrasound imaging and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients undergoing thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.
Methods:
This single-center, prospective, cohort study enrolled patients with esophageal cancer who were scheduled to undergo thoracoscopic esophagectomy between June 2021 and May 2024. The diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) was measured using ultrasound imaging preoperatively and at 1 and 2 weeks postoperatively. Our primary outcome comprised overall PPCs. We investigated the longitudinal change in the DTF and the relationship between the DTF and PPCs. We also examined the optimal cutoff value for the ability of the DTF to predict PPCs.
Results:
This study enrolled 73 patients. PPCs occurred in 21 (29%) patients, 10 (14%) of whom had pneumonia. The estimated difference between the preoperative and 1-week postoperative least squares means of the DTF was − 56.3% (95% credible interval [CrI]: −65.4, − 47.2) and − 36.5% (95%CrI: −43.7, − 29.2) between the preoperative and 2-week postoperative values. The mean odds ratio of preoperative DTF to PPCs was 0.82 per 10% increase (95%CrI: 0.66, 0.97), after adjusting for potential confounders. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, the optimal cutoff value predicting PPCs was 123.6%.
Conclusion:
DTF is decreased at 1 and 2 weeks after thoracoscopic esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer. The higher the preoperative DTF, the lower the odds of occurrence of PPCs.
Assessment of Carbon Sequestration by Herbs and Soil in Wetlands of Bhopal District of Central India
Authors: Singh Ankita , Sejpada Sharmistha , Shekhawat Meenu , Singh Pratiksha , Vyas Vipin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Wetlands in urban areas act as natural buffers that control floods, mitigate fire risks, and regulate local climates, helping to reduce the impact of extreme weather events on communities. Quantification of carbon stocks is critical to evaluate the potential of an ecosystem to mitigate the impact of global climate change and the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration from industries, burning of fossil fuels and deforestation causes greenhouse gases (GHGs). Hence, vegetation near wetlands in terms of agroforestry, plantation, and reforestation has been suggested as one of the most appropriate land management systems for mitigating atmospheric CO2 through the photosynthesis process. Forest ecosystems also contribute to storing more than 80% of all terrestrial aboveground Carbon and more than 70% of all soil organic carbon (SOC). We studied natural herbs, grasses, and soil near the wetland ecosystem in Madhya Pradesh, India to understand how much vegetation and soil are applicable for the capturing of carbon in urban areas as a carbon pool or carbon reservoir among the sites. Results indicated that the biomass of the wetland (near natural ecosystem) was 1.68 t ha-1 while the wetland (near manmade ecosystem) was 0.83 t ha-1. The total carbon stock in wetlands ranges between 16.34 t C ha− 1 to 23.28 t C ha− 1. Higher biomass accumulation and carbon stock were recorded in wetlands which are near natural ecosystems or away from human interferences. Proper efforts are required to manage these diverse ecosystems to obtain higher biomass and sustainable ecological services.
Epidemiological characteristic of nails, skin of the feet and hands mycoses in the Perm region
Authors: Novikova V. V. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Mycoses of the skin and their derivatives are one of the most common groups of fungal infections. Lesion to the nails and skin of the feet and hands occupies a leading place in the structure of this pathology. These diseases are characterized by a long course and often ineffective therapy. Onychomycosis and fungal infections of the skin of the feet and hands are characterized by certain epidemiological features and have a diverse etiology.Aim. To study of the epidemiological characteristic of mycoses of the nails, skin of the feet and hands according to the data of the Regional Clinical Dermatovenerological Dispensary of Perm over a ten-year period to optimize the detection and further treatment of this pathologyMaterials and methods. For the study, statistical data from the Regional Clinical Dermatovenerological Dispensary in Perm were used. Data were analyzed for the period 2012–2021 to assess the dynamics of the prevalence of mycoses of the skin and nails of the feet and hands, their etiological structure. Cases recorded during direct patient contact were taken into account. For laboratory confirmation of mycoses, a culture method was used.Results and discussion. The number of cases of mycoses of the skin and nails of the feet and hands for the period from 2012 to 2021 was analyzed. It was established that the share of this pathology in the structure of superficial mycoses averaged 49.9%. There was no significant dynamics in the number of recorded cases of fungal infection of this location during the analyzed period. This pathology was more often observed in females than in males throughout the study period. The most significant etiological factors were representatives of Trichophyton spp., Candida spp., as well as molds. There has been a change in the etiological structure of mycoses of the nails, skin of the feet and hands over the observed period: there is a tendency towards a decrease in the proportion of dermatophytes and an increase in the proportion of yeast fungi.Conclusion. The relevance of the studied group of mycoses was confirmed using the example of the Perm region. The main cause of fungal infections of the nails and skin of the feet and hands were representatives of dermatophytes and Candida spp. It is recommended to focus on identifying this pathology in males during preventive examinations due to the low frequency of their visits to medical specialists.