bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intersecting Structural and Psychosocial Conditions: Investigating Injection Drug Use and HIV Among Transgender Women
Authors: Burnett Janet , Olansky Evelyn , Baugher Amy R. , Lee Kathryn , Callens Steven , Wejnert Cyprian ,   for the NHBS-Trans Study Group
Published: October 2024

Background:
Transgender women continue to face a significant burden of health disparities with HIV infection as a critical public health concern. Substance use is higher among transgender women than among cisgender women. However, little is known about transgender women who inject drugs and risk for HIV in the United States. The objectives were to explore HIV prevalence, injection-related behaviors, and HIV prevention and care outcomes among transgender women who inject drugs and to compare transgender women with a general sample of persons who inject drugs.

Methods:
Participants from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance were recruited through respondent-driven sampling, interviewed, and tested for HIV infection in 2019–2020. Log-linked Poisson regression models were used to test for associations between injection drug use and selected characteristics.

Results:
Among 1561 transgender women, 7% injected drugs in the past 12 months. HIV prevalence was higher among transgender women who inject (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.2 to 1.8) than among those who do not. Multiple psychosocial conditions were associated with injection drug use. Among transgender women with HIV, those who inject were less likely to take antiretroviral therapy (adjusted prevalence ratio = 0.8, 95% confidence interval: 0.7 to 1.0) than those who do not. Methamphetamine was the most commonly injected drug (67%); most accessed a syringe services program (66%).

Conclusions:
Transgender women who inject have substantial challenges related to health outcomes including high HIV prevalence and exposure to psychosocial conditions, such as homelessness, incarceration, and exchange sex, that may exacerbate risks associated with injection drug use. This population may benefit from increased access to nonjudgmental and culturally competent harm reduction services.
Esophageal Inflammatory Pseudotumor on Al18F-FAPI-74 and 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Cheng Xin , Hou Guozhu , Zheng Rong , Li Yong , Wang Xuejuan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A 25-year-old woman experiencing dysphagia for 2 years underwent 18F-FDG and Al18F-FAPI-74 PET/CT. The scans showed local thickening of the cervical and upper thoracic esophageal wall with several calcifications, accompanied by increased and heterogeneous FDG uptake and more intense FAPI activity. Histopathological analysis following thoracoscopic esophagectomy confirmed the diagnosis of esophageal inflammatory pseudotumor.
LMP-TX: An AI-driven Integrated Longitudinal Multi-modal Platform for Early Prognosis of Late Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Li Victor OK , Lam Jacqueline CK , Han Yang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the 7th leading cause of death worldwide. 95% of AD cases are late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD), which often takes decades to evolve and become symptomatic. Early prognosis of LOAD is critical for timely intervention before irreversible brain damage. This study proposes an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven longitudinal multi-modal platform with time-series transformer (LMP-TX) for the early prognosis of LOAD. It has two versions: LMP-TX utilizes full multi-modal data to provide more accurate prediction, while a lightweight version, LMP-TX-CL, only uses simple multi-modal and cognitive-linguistic (CL) data. Results on prognosis accuracy based on the AUC scores for subjects progressing from normal control (NC) to early mild cognitive impairment (eMCI) andeMCI to late MCI (lMCI) is respectively 89% maximum (predicted by LMP-TX) and 81% maximum (predicted by LMP-TX-CL). Moreover, results on the top biomarkers predicting different states of LOAD onsets have revealed key multi-modal (including CL-based) biomarkers indicative of early-stage LOAD progressions. Future work will develop a more fine-grained LMP-TX based on disease progression scores and identify the key multi-modal and CL-based biomarkers predictive of fast AD progression rates at early stages.
Health Exposure Records and Occupations (HERO) Summary: Development of Occupational Exposure Summary for clinical utility in Military Populations
Authors: Samuel Immanuel B.H. , Pollin Kamila , Tschida Sherri , Reck Lily , Powell Alan , Mefford Jessica , Lee Jamie , Dupriest Teresa , Prisco Michelle , Fischer Stephen , Ortiz Jose , Forsten Robert , Faselis Charles , Barrett John , Reinhard Matthew , Costanzo Michelle 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionMilitary exposure summarization is critical for Veterans with complex environmental, occupational, or toxic exposures. Existing methods are limited by technical language, incompatible data formats, and difficulty in prioritizing information. Clinicians require concise, standardized, and easily interpretable exposure summaries to facilitate rapid assessment. This report is part of a broader programmatic effort to collate military exposure information from established, as well as new sources of data to improve VA exposure-informed healthcare.MethodsIn a collaborative effort, VA clinicians from multiple specialties participated in a structured clinical needs assessment interview to identify the most clinically useful information to be included in the Health Exposure Records and Occupations (HERO) summary. The interviews covered summary length, exposure prioritization, demographics, military occupational history, features characterizing exposure, resilience factors, health outcomes, and impact on clinical practice.ResultsConsensus recommendations prescribed a concise summary with clear language, basic military demographics, and critical military exposures that prioritize exposures that require further investigation. Based on recommendations, the HERO summary also includes types of exposure, proximity, route, symptoms at the time of exposure, exposure period, duration, frequency, and protective controls used.ConclusionThis perspective piece not only assesses the clinical need for exposure summarization and the optimal format for the HERO summary, but also highlights its potential impact. The HERO summary, as a tool, offers improved time efficiency, consistency in exposure-informed care across the VA, enhances communication between Veterans and providers, and improves understanding of the association between military exposures and health outcomes, potentially transforming the VA healthcare system.
Short-term effect of repeat echocardiographic screening for detection or confirmation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Movahed Mohammad Reza , Irannejad Kyvan , Sadin Fardokht , Keating Luke , Bates Sharon S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) can be challenging. HCM can present later in life and the value of repeat echocardiogram for late presentation of HCM is not known. The goal of this study was to evaluate any changes in wall thickness occurring within 2 years using repeat screening echocardiography.MethodThe Anthony Bates Foundation has been performing screening echocardiography in high schools across the United States for the prevention of sudden death since 2001. A total of 206 subjects underwent baseline and repeat echocardiography within 2 years. We evaluated the prevalence of HCM before and after repeated echocardiography. Suspected HCM was defined as any wall thickness > 15 mm.ResultsThe total prevalence of suspected HCM, defined by a cut-off value of 15 mm or more, was two from 206 (0.9%). Repeat echo within one year found one additional case of suspected HCM (wall thickness changed from 14 to 15 mm). However, the other two initial cases of suspected HCM showed regression of wall thickness to <15 mm not qualifying as HCM anymore as previously suspected after 2 years (one decreased wall thickness from 15 to 12 and the other one from 15 to 13 mm)ConclusionWe found that repeat echocardiography is warranted in subjects with suspected HCM in order to prevent overdiagnosis. Furthermore, a new diagnosis of suspected cardiomyopathy was detected within 2 years of repeat screening. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the best timing and frequency of screening echocardiography for the detection and prevention of HCM.
Limiting hearing loss in transgenic mouse models
Authors: Babola Travis A. , Donovan Naomi , Darcy Sean S. , Spjut Catalina D. , Kanold Patrick O. 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYTransgenic mice provide unprecedented access to manipulate and visualize neural circuits, however, those on a C57BL/6 background develop progressive hearing loss, significantly confounding systems-level and behavioral analysis. While outbreeding can limit hearing loss, it introduces strain variability and complicates the generation of complex genotypes. Here, we propose an approach to preserve hearing by crossing transgenic mice with congenic B6.CAST-Cdh23Ahl+mice, which maintain low-threshold hearing into adulthood. Widefield and two-photon imaging of the auditory cortex revealed that 2.5-month-old C57BL/6 mice exhibit elevated thresholds to high frequency tones and widespread cortical reorganization, with most neurons responding best to lower frequencies. In contrast,Ahl+C57BL/6 mice exhibited robust neural responses across a range of frequencies and sound levels (4-64 kHz, 30-90 dB SPL) and retained low thresholds into adulthood. Our approach offers a cost-effective solution for generating complex genotypes and facilitates more interpretable systems neuroscience research by eliminating confounding effects from hearing loss.
Single and paired TMS pulses engage spatially distinct corticomotor representations in human pericentral cortex
Authors: Madsen Mads A.J. , Christiansen Lasse , Chung Chloe , Jønsson Morten G. , Siebner Hartwig R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSingle-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor hand area (M1-HAND) can assess corticomotor function in humans by evoking motor evoked potentials (MEP). Paired-pulse TMS at peri-threshold intensity elicits short-latency intracortical facilitation (SICF) with early peaks at inter-pulse intervals of 1.0-1.8ms (SICF1) and 2.4-3ms (SICF2). The similarity between the periodicity of SICF and indirect (I-)waves in the corticospinal volleys evoked by single-pulse TMS suggests that SICF originates from I-wave generating circuits. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of MEP generation by mapping the corticomotor representations of single-pulse and paired-pulse TMS targeting SICF1and SICF2peaks in 14 participants (7 female). MEPs were recorded from two hand muscles and the spatial properties of each corticomotor map were analyzed. For both hand muscles, we found a consistent posterior shift of the center-of-gravity (CoG) for SICF maps compared to single-pulse maps, with a larger shift for SICF1. CoG displacement in the SICF1map correlated with individual SICF1latencies. Further, ADM maps consistently peaked more medially than FDI maps and paired-pulse TMS resulted in larger corticomotor maps than single-pulse TMS. This is the first study to show that circuits responsible for SICF have a more posterior representation in the precentral crown than those generating MEPs via single-pulse TMS. These findings indicate that paired-pulse TMS probing SICF1, SICF2, and single-pulse TMS engage overlapping but spatially distinct cortical circuits, adding further insights into the intricate organization of the human motor hand area.New & NoteworthySingle- and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used to study corticomotor physiology in humans, but do they engage the same intracortical circuits? We compared the spatial properties of corticomotor maps elicited by single-pulse TMS to those elicited by paired-pulse short-latency intracortical facilitation (SICF). SICF maps consistently showed a posterior shift in center of gravity compared to single-pulse maps, suggesting that paired-pulse TMS engages cortical circuits that are spatially distinct from single-pulse TMS.
Forward Simulations of Walking on Surfaces with Asymmetric Mechanical Impedance: Insights for Gait Rehabilitation
Authors: Abdikadirova Banu , Price Mark , Hoogkamer Wouter , Huber Meghan E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGait asymmetry, prevalent in stroke survivors and various other neurological and musculoskeletal conditions, leads to abnormal joint loading, increased fall risk, and reduced walking efficiency. Traditional rehabilitation methods often fail to consistently reduce weight-bearing gait asymmetry, necessitating innovative approaches. This study explores the potential of an adjustable mechanical impedance treadmill to amplify weight-bearing asymmetries, leveraging the “error amplification” technique akin to split-belt treadmill training. We developed a 2D optimal control gait model in OpenSim to simulate walking on a rigid platform with one leg and a compliant platform, with adjustable stiffness and damping, with the other. We simulated 112 unique mechanical impedance conditions of the compliant platform and analyzed the effects of these conditions on stance time, ground reaction forces (GRFs), and muscle activations. Our results identified specific impedance parameters that can be utilized to amplify propulsion asymmetries, providing a potential new approach for gait rehabilitation post-stroke. Future work should validate these results in experimental settings and further explore optimal impedance parameters for effective gait therapy of various gait impairments.
Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease in Women with Dysmenorrhea: A Longitudinal Analysis of 251,264 Patients Across Three Diverse Cohorts
Authors: Alleva Eugenia , Khalil Susan , Glazer Kimberly , Stone Joanne , Viganò Paola , Somigliana Edgardo , Konigorski Stefan , Landi Isotta , Shengja Chen , Verma Ruchika , Jagminat Jannes , Danieletto Matteo , Hirten Robert , Böttinger Erwin , Ensari Ipek , Fuchs Thomas J. , Shaw Leslee J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study explores the role of dysmenorrhea as a sex-specific ischemic heart disease (IHD) risk enhancing factor across three large cohorts of 251,264 individuals, two retrospective electronic health records cohorts, i.e., the Mount Sinai Health System, All of Us, and one prospective cohort, the Australian Longitudinal Survey on Women’s Health. Considering traditional and nontraditional young female-specific cardiovascular risk factors, hazard ratios for IHD were estimated through Cox regression models and propensity score matching, and dysmenorrhea was found to be significantly associated, with a 40% to 225% increase in the hazard of developing IHD. The risk was found to be higher in women of color and those with persistent dysmenorrhea beginning in adolescence. The addition of dysmenorrhea as a predictor beyond traditional cardiovascular risk scores improved risk stratification (AUROC 0.786 vs 0.798, p-value 0.02). Within the Mount Sinai’s electronic health records, we also found dysmenorrhea diagnostic codes to have a 37.3% false negative rate. To overcome the under-coding of the diagnosis, we implemented a large language model EHR-phenotyping algorithm which led to higher hazard ratios, together with self-reporting within the ALSWH (HR 2.5 and 3.3, respectively), compared to diagnostic code-only cohort definition (HR 1.5). These findings highlight the need to recognize dysmenorrhea’s impact beyond reproduction and call for greater clinical and research awareness.
Phononic supercrystal as a highly absorbing metamaterial
Authors: Ibarias Martin , Sánchez-Dehesa José , Krokhin Arkadii 
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate analytically, numerically, and experimentally that a 2D supercrystal (SC)—an elastic structure of solid rods with two distinct spatial periods embedded in a viscous fluid—exhibits very high acoustic absorption. Smaller diameter rods arranged in a 2D lattice with a smaller period serve as an effective medium with high viscosity for a set of larger rods arranged in a lattice of much larger period. The enhancement of acoustic absorption is due to strong viscous friction within a narrow layer with high gradients of velocity formed around each scatterer. The SC as a whole is considered in the homogenization limit of frequencies where it behaves as a metafluid with an effective speed of sound and effective viscosity. Analytical results for the effective parameters are calculated for any Bravais lattices and arbitrary cross-sections of the rods. Experimental measurements of acoustic absorption in a supercrystal with hexagonal lattices for both types of rods are in a good agreement with analytical and numerical results.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Molecular and crystal structures of six poly(arylsulfinyl)- and poly(arylsulfanyl)ferrocenes
Authors: Blockhaus Tobias , Sünkel Karlheinz 
Published: October 2024

Starting from (p-tolylsulfinyl)ferrocene (1), a mixture of the complete series [CpFe{C5H5–n
(SOTol-p)
n
}] (n = 2–4) (2–4) in all regioisomers was obtained. After chromatographic separation, crystals of 1,2-bis[(4-methylbenzene)sulfinyl]ferrocene, 2a, and 1,3-bis[(4-methylbenzene)sulfinyl]ferrocene, 2b, both [Fe(C5H5)(C19H17O2S2)], as well as of 1,2,3-tris[(4-methylbenzene)sulfinyl]ferrocene, [Fe(C5H5)(C26H23O3S3)], 3a, and 1,2,3,4-tetrakis[(4-methylbenzene)sulfinyl]ferrocene ethyl acetate 0.75-solvate, [Fe(C5H5)(C33H29O4S4)]·0.75C4H8O2, 4, could be isolated. Their molecular and crystal structures are compared with each other and also with the so far unreported structures of related 1,2-bis(phenylsulfanyl)ferrocene, [Fe(C5H5)(C17H13S2)], 5, and 1,2,3,4-tetrakis(phenylsulfanyl)ferrocene, [Fe(C5H5)(C29H21S4)], 6. In all the sulfinyl structures, the O atoms of the S=O groups are in equatorial positions, except for that in tetrasubstituted 4. All the arene rings of these compounds (except for one ring in 4) are in axial positions directed away from the Fe atom, mostly in a near perpendicular orientation with respect to the plane of the cyclopentadienyl ring. The main intermolecular interactions in the crystals are C—H...H—C, C—H...π and C—H...O, while C—H...S interactions are much less important, except for tetrasulfanyl compound 6. π–π interactions (intramolecular) are only important in compound 3a. Hirshfeld analysis shows that dispersion terms are dominant for the interaction energies of all six compounds. In general, the calculated total interaction energies increase with increasing number of substituents and are higher for the sulfinyl than for the sulfanyl groups.
Assessing and predicting type 2 diabetes risk with triglyceride glucose‐body mass index in the Chinese nondiabetic population—Data from long‐term follow‐up of Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study
Authors: Wang Haixu , He Siyao , Wang Jinping , Qian Xin , Zhang Bo , Yang Zhiwei , Chen Bo , Li Guangwei , Gong Qiuhong ,   for the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Outcome Study Group
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsWe intended to characterize the superiority of triglyceride glucose‐body mass index (TyG‐BMI) in predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with triglyceride glucose (TyG) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR).MethodsA total of 699 nondiabetic participants in the Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study were involved in the present analysis and classified according to the median of baseline TyG‐BMI, namely the G1 (low TyG‐BMI) and G2 (high TyG‐BMI) groups. Information on developing diabetes was assessed from 1986 to 2020.ResultsDuring the 34‐year follow‐up, after adjustment for confounders, the G2 group had a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes than the G1 group (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51–2.45, p < 0.0001). Restricted cubic spline analyses showed that increased TyG‐BMI was linearly related to higher risks of type 2 diabetes (p for non‐linearity>0.05). Time‐dependent receiver operator characteristics curves suggested that TyG‐BMI exhibited higher predictive ability than TyG (6‐year: area under the curve [AUC]TyG‐BMI vs. AUCTyG, 0.78 vs. 0.70, p = 0.03; 34‐year: AUCTyG‐BMI vs. AUCTyG, 0.79 vs. 0.73, p = 0.04) and HOMA‐IR (6‐year: AUCTyG‐BMI vs. AUCHOMA‐IR, 0.78 vs. 0.70, p = 0.07; 34‐year: AUCTyG‐BMI vs. AUCHOMA‐IR, 0.79 vs. 0.71, p = 0.04) in both short and long terms, and the thresholds of TyG‐BMI to predict type 2 diabetes were relatively stable (195.24–208.41) over the 34‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsIn this post hoc study, higher TyG‐BMI was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and demonstrated better predictability than TyG and HOMA‐IR, favoring the application of TyG‐BMI as a potential tool for evaluating the risk of type 2 diabetes in clinical practice.image
Phenological growth stages of kokum tree (Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy) according to the extended BBCH scale
Authors: Tondihal Manjunath Sharanappa , Chninnappa Gowda Vikram H. , Madhavan Latha , Muralidhara Bommanahalli M. , Savadi Siddanna , Bhaskar Jyothi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractKokum (Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy) is an evergreen fruit tree, naturally distributed in the tropical rainforests of the Western Ghats in India, displaying polygamous characteristics. The economic significance of this tree is attributed to its fruit rind rich in pharmaceutical compounds such as hydroxy citric acid, garcinol and anthocyanin. The fruit rind is commonly utilised to create refreshing beverages. The demand for both kokum fruit and its derived products is on the rise within the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. To facilitate genetic enhancement, agronomic management and commercial cultivation, a comprehensive understanding of the periodic growth of kokum is essential. Presently, the Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and Chemische Industrie (BBCH) phenological scale stands as the most credible and widely adopted framework. In this research endeavour, specific standard codes and descriptions were established for various growth stages of kokum. Utilising an extended BBCH scale ranging from 0 to 9, we delineated seven principal growth stages in kokum: Stage 0 for vegetative bud development, Stage 1 for leaf development, Stage 3 for shoot growth, Stage 5 for reproductive bud development, Stage 6 for flowering, Stage 7 for fruit development and Stage 8 for fruit maturity. Secondary stages were assigned based on observed growth event percentages. The duration and seasonal characteristics of each principal and secondary growth stage were meticulously recorded. This newly developed phenological scale serves as a versatile tool applicable to researchers, breeders and industrialists for enhancing agricultural production and effective scientific communication in the kokum research.
Association between prescription drugs and all‐cause mortality risk in the UK population
Authors: Morin Jonas , Rolland Yves , Bischoff‐Ferrari Heike A. , Ocampo Alejandro , Perez Kevin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough most drugs currently approved are meant to treat specific diseases or symptoms, it has been hypothesized that some might bear a beneficial effect on lifespan in healthy older individuals, outside of their specific disease indication. Such drugs include, among others, metformin, SGLT2 inhibitors and rapamycin. Since 2006, the UK biobank has recorded prescription medication and mortality data for over 500′000 participants, aged between 40 and 70 years old. In this work, we examined the impact of the top 406 prescribed medications on overall mortality rates within the general population of the UK. As expected, most drugs were linked to a shorter lifespan, likely due to the life‐limiting nature of the diseases they are prescribed to treat. Importantly, a few drugs were associated with increased lifespans, including notably Sildenafil, Atorvastatin, Naproxen and Estradiol. These retrospective results warrant further investigation in randomized controlled trials.