bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dark current reduction of small molecule organic photodetectors by controlling gap states of molybdenum oxide buffer layers
Authors: Kim Seong Heon , Heo Sung , Yun Dong-Jin , Satoh Ryu-ichi , Park Gyeongsu , Kim Kyu-Sik 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The gap states of the molybdenum-oxide (MoO
x
) hole-extraction layer (HEL) in an organic photodetector (OPD) device, which originate from oxygen-vacancy defects, are controlled by appropriate plasma treatments on the MoO
x
layer. The density of MoO
x
gap states, investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), is enhanced and depressed with Ar- and O2-plasma treatments, respectively. The dark current of an OPD with a MoO
x
HEL is considerably reduced by controlling the MoO
x
gap states using the plasma-treatment method. The mechanism of dark-current reduction may be interpreted by reduced gap states and by a suitable energy level bending and alignment.
Effect of surface tension on self-termination in Au tip fabrication for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Chaunchaiyakul Songpol , Yano Takeshi , Krukowski Pawel , Kuwahara Yuji 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The effect of surface tension on the fabrication of Au tips was investigated. When using a 12 M HCl aqueous solution, the etching process did not consistently self-terminate after the lower part of the wire dropped, resulting in the poor reproducibility of the tip sharpness. However, using an ethanolic solution of 12 mol/l HCl, a self-terminating etching process was always observed, resulting in the improved reproducibility of sharp tips. We attribute this to the reduced surface compared to that of aqueous HCl. The obtained tips were used in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy experiments, in which significant signal enhancement was observed.
Use of Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for Hematologic Cancers by Race, Ethnicity, and Age
Authors: Hahn Theresa , Herr Megan M. , Brazauskas Ruta , Patel Jinalben , Ailawadhi Sikander , Saber Wael , Khera Nandita 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceUtilization of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for hematologic cancers previously demonstrated race, ethnicity, and age-based disparities.ObjectiveTo evaluate utilization over time by race, ethnicity, and age to determine if disparities persist in light of recent significant increases in HCT volume.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis US population-based retrospective cohort study includes patients who received transplants from January 2009 to December 2018. Data collection and cleaning occurred from February 2019 to November 2021, and data analysis occurred from January 2022 to October 2023. Method 1 restricted the analysis to Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) reporting areas for cases and transplants. Method 2 applied SEER age-, race-, and ethnicity-specific incidence rates to corresponding US census population and included all transplants reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. Race and ethnicity groups were hierarchically defined as Hispanic (any race), non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic Other (Asian and American Indian).ExposureReceipt of HCT.Main Outcomes and MeasuresUtilization rate of autologous or allogeneic HCT for patients with hematologic cancers by age, race, and ethnicity.ResultsFrom 2009 to 2018, 136 280 HCTs were analyzed for 6 hematologic cancers comprising 16.7% pediatric/adolescent/young adults (0-39 years), 83.3% adults (40-84 years), 58% male, 10.3% Hispanic, 11.4% non-Hispanic Black, 3.8% non-Hispanic Other, and 74.5% non-Hispanic White patients, with 49 385 allogeneic and 86 895 autologous HCTs performed. HCT utilization increased over time for all disease, age, race, and ethnic groups. From 2017 to 2018, adult (40-84 years) allogeneic transplant utilization for acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was similar for Hispanic and non-Hispanic White or Other patients but was lower for non-Hispanic Black patients (acute myeloid leukemia: 19% vs 13%; MDS: 9%-10% vs 5%). Similarly, autologous transplant utilization for lymphoma was similar for all race and ethnicity groups; however, autologous transplant for multiple myeloma was highest for non-Hispanic White patients and lower for all other groups (31% vs 26%-27%). In patients aged 0 to 39 years, utilization of allogeneic transplant for acute lymphoblastic leukemia was highest in Hispanic patients, followed by non-Hispanic White, Black, and Other races (acute lymphoblastic leukemia: 19%, 18%, 17%, and 16%, respectively).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of autologous and allogeneic transplant utilization for hematologic cancers, disparities persisted for non-Hispanic Black patients. Hispanic, non-Hispanic Other, and younger age groups had increased utilization over time that was on par with non-Hispanic White patients in the most recent cohort.
The Precision Resuscitation With Crystalloids in Sepsis (PRECISE) Trial
Authors: Bhavani Sivasubramanium V. , Holder Andre , Miltz Danielle , Kamaleswaran Rishikesan , Khan Sharaf , Easley Kirk , Murphy David J. , Franks Nicole , Wright David W. , Kraft Colleen , Semler Matthew W. , Churpek Matthew M. , Martin Greg S. , Coopersmith Craig M. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceIntravenous fluids are an essential part of treatment in sepsis, but there remains clinical equipoise on which type of crystalloid fluids to use in sepsis. A previously reported sepsis subphenotype (ie, group D) has demonstrated a substantial mortality benefit from balanced crystalloids compared with normal saline.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that targeting balanced crystalloids to patients with group D sepsis through an electronic health record (EHR) alert will reduce 30-day inpatient mortality.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Precision Resuscitation With Crystalloids in Sepsis (PRECISE) trial is a parallel-group, multihospital, single-blind, pragmatic randomized clinical trial to be conducted at 6 hospitals in the Emory Healthcare system. Patients with suspicion of group D infection in whom a clinician initiates an order for normal saline in the emergency department (ED) or intensive care unit (ICU) will be randomized to usual care and intervention arms.InterventionAn EHR alert that appears in the ED and ICUs to nudge clinicians to use balanced crystalloids instead of normal saline.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome is 30-day inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes are ICU admission, in-hospital mortality, receipt of vasoactive drugs, receipt of new kidney replacement therapy, and receipt of mechanical ventilation (vasoactive drugs, kidney replacement therapy, and mechanical ventilation are counted if they occur after randomization and within the 30-day study period). Intention-to-treat analysis will be conducted.DiscussionThe PRECISE trial may be one of the first precision medicine trials of crystalloid fluids in sepsis. Using routine vital signs (temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure), available even in low-resource settings, a validated machine learning algorithm will prospectively identify and enroll patients with group D sepsis who may have a substantial mortality reduction from used of balanced crystalloids compared with normal saline.ResultsOn finalizing participant enrollment and analyzing the data, the study’s findings will be shared with the public through publication in a peer-reviewed journal.ConclusionsWith use of a validated machine learning algorithm, precision resuscitation in sepsis could fundamentally redefine international standards for intravenous fluid resuscitation.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06253585
Coal Gasification
Authors: Zhuang Qianlin , Shadle Lawrence J. , Berry David A. , Syamlal Madhava 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Coal gasification is presented in terms of the chemistry of coal conversion and the product gas characteristics, the historical development of coal gasifiers, variations in the types and performance of coal gasifiers, the configuration of gasification systems, and the status and economics of coal gasification. In many ways, coal gasification processes have been tailored to adapt to the different types of coal feedstocks available. Gasification technology is presented from a historical perspective considering early uses of coal, the first practical demonstration and utilization of coal gasification, and the evolution of the various processes used for coal gasification. The development of the gasification industry is traced from its inception to its current status in the world economy. Each type of gasifier is considered focusing on the process innovations required to meet the changing market needs. Complete gasification systems are described including typical system configurations, required system attributes, and aspects of the industry's environmental and performance demands. The current status, economics of gasification technology, and future of gasification are also discussed.
Triggered Directed Electron Redistribution Endowed by Efficient Ohmic Contacts of NiMoN/Ni3S2 for Boosting Large Current‐Density Overall Seawater Splitting
Authors: Ma Le‐Le , Hao Yi‐Ru , Sun Jiawen , Chen Yaqin , Li Chunhao , Xue Hui , Sun Jing , Wang Qin , Wu Limin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe rational construction of interfacial nanostructures of metal/semiconductor (MS) contacted electrocatalysts has a significant impact on improving their intrinsic activities. However, MS contacts are often plagued by a strong Fermi‐level pinning effect, resulting in the formation of the Schottky barrier that affects the adsorption of hydrogen/oxygen intermediates. Herein, an Ohmic contact between metallic Ni3S2 and semiconducting NiMoN is well‐designed, which effectively reduces the electron conduction barriers. The as‐obtained NiMoN/Ni3S2 has remarkable bifunctional water electrolysis performance. At 10 mA·cm−2, the overpotential of hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reaction is 70 and 154 mV, respectively. Impressively, the formation of hydroxide during surface reconstruction can avoid the chlorine evolution on the catalyst surface. At an industrial process temperature of 85 °C, it takes only 340 mV for the overall seawater splitting of 500 mA·cm−2. UPS and UV‐VIS diffuse spectra combined with theoretical calculation results confirm that the self‐driven directed electron transfer derived from the Ohmic contact can induce local electron enrichment at the interface region, thus promoting the formation of *O to *OOH. This study provides important insights into the coordinated modulation of built‐in electric fields and the preparation of efficient multifunctional catalysts with a high abundance of active sites.
Determining the optimal ratio of resistant to susceptible bentgrass cultivars to reduce dollar spot severity
Authors: Ruwona Justice , Miller Gerald L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDollar spot, caused by Clarireedia spp., is the most prevalent disease on creeping bentgrass golf fairways. Interseeding newer dollar spot‐resistant cultivars into susceptible bentgrass stands could reduce dollar spot severity and the need for resultant fungicide use. This study was conducted to determine the optimal ratio of resistant to susceptible cultivars in a blend that will result in dollar spot reduction. Greenhouse experiments were conducted on cultivar blend ratios (0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, 100%) of dollar spot‐resistant (Pure Select, 007XL, Coho) and susceptible (Penncross) bentgrass challenged with inoculation of two Clarireedia spp. isolates. Disease severity was determined using visual estimates and digital image analysis. Dollar spot severity was significantly influenced by the Clarireedia isolate, with a fungicide‐resistant isolate being more aggressive and producing more disease than a sensitive one. Dollar spot severity was highest on Penncross alone, with no statistical differences observed among the resistant cultivar monostands. Mean disease severity of the blended cultivar ratios was divided into three statistically different groups—low resistance (10% and 25%), medium resistance (50% and 75%), and high resistance (90% and 100%). Compared to Penncross, blending a 10% resistant cultivar reduced AUDPC (area under the disease progress curve) values by 2% and 3% in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively, while blending a 90% resistant cultivar yielded 20% and 32% reductions. These results indicate dollar spot severity decreases as the ratio of the resistant cultivar in a stand increases, and blending resistant cultivars into susceptible has the potential for reducing disease.
Facial Artery Perforator Flap for Perioral and Perinasal Oncologic Defect Reconstruction: Surgical Technique and Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Chiche Pierre‐Louis , Avry François , Drouet Julien , Weill Pierre , Bénateau Hervé , Qassemyar Quentin , Garmi Rachid 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionFacial artery perforator (FAP) flap is a versatile and reliable one‐step facial reconstruction technique. However, its full potential remains underutilized due to a lack of clear guidelines and rigorous technique requirements. This study report the use of FAP flaps in our centre for the management of perioral and nasal oncologic defects, focusing on surgical technique performed and post‐operative management.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of all patients who underwent reconstruction with a perioral or perinasal FAP flap only following tumor resection over a 4‐year period (n = 29). Parameters measured included flap survival, complication rates, surgical technique performed, and the need for touch‐up procedures. Patients were grouped based on age, defect size, and location and outcomes were compared across these groups.ResultsThe mean histological tumor defect area was 331 mm2. During at least 6 months of follow‐up, no local recurrence was observed. Twenty‐seven (93.1%) flaps survived completely. Major postsurgical complications occurred in seven (23.8%) patients, including complete flap necrosis (1), partial flap necrosis (1), flap collapse (1), venous congestion (1), wound dehiscence (1), and local infection (2). A higher complication rate was associated with nose tip defects (80.0% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.007). Touch‐up procedures were more frequently required for reconstructions involving the nasal sidewall and dorsum (53.8% vs. 13.3%, p = 0.04).ConclusionBased on our experience, the FAP flap is highly effective for the reconstruction of the upper lip, nasolabial fold, and certain oncologic nasal defects. However, specific defect locations, such as the nose tip, may be associated with higher complication rates, necessitating careful patient selection and surgical planning.
Transition toward a sustainable future: Exploring the role of green investment, environmental policy, and financial development in the context of load capacity factor in G‐7 countries
Authors: Javed Aamir , Usman Mahjabeen , Rapposelli Agnese 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEnvironmental sustainability holds evident significance since it is intricately connected with attaining sustainable development. However, the pre‐requisite of ecological sustainability is the higher ratio of biodiversity to ecological footprint, called the Load Capacity Factor (LCF). Literature is quite scant on the drivers of LCF and the study in hand is the attempt to find the viable policy instruments of this important sustainability indicator. For this purpose, the study has explored the role of green investment (GI), environmental policy (EP), financial development (FD), and natural resources rent (NRR) in the context of the load capacity curve (LCC) hypothesis for G‐7 countries from 1990 to 2019. Considering the co‐dependence among economies, the study has employed a Cross‐sectional Dependence Autoregressive Distributive Lag (CS‐ARDL) technique to investigate the impact of each variable along with other econometric techniques. The observed outcomes suggest that green investment and environmental policy stringency both contribute to improving environmental quality by increasing LCF. Whereas financial development and natural resources rent significantly, reduce the LCF and enhance environmental degradation. Additionally, the findings also validate the LCC hypothesis in the G‐7 context. The study advocates the need for green investment and policy stringency to achieve ecological sustainability and adequate consideration to transform financial development toward sustainability. Finally, the study has presented in‐depth ecological solutions so that G‐7 economies can take possible action to acquire the targets set in COP26.
Inflammatory or Reparative? Tuning Macrophage Polarization Using Anodized Anisotropic Nanoporous Titanium Implant Surfaces
Authors: Moon Ho‐Jin , Gulati Karan , Li Tao , Moran Corey Stephen , Ivanovski Sašo 
Published: September 2024

Modulating macrophage phenotype based on implant surface characteristics, including topography and chemistry, has been employed to enhance osseointegration and long‐term functional outcomes for titanium (Ti)‐based implants. An excessive and/or prolonged M1 macrophage response can lead to damaging immune‐inflammatory reactions, negatively influencing the fate of the implant, and hence, modulating these responses via nanoscale implant surface modification is an emerging paradigm. Herein, an anodized titanium implant surface based on single‐step electrochemical anodization, with preserved underlying microfeatures and superimposed nanopores (50 and 70 nm), compared with irregular rough and microrough (machined‐like) surfaces, is investigated for its effect on the functions of primary macrophages in vitro. Significantly reduced macrophage proliferation and increased tissue‐reparative M2 phenotype polarization are confirmed for the nanopores, which are more pronounced for 70 nm diameter. Moreover, osteoclastogenesis is reduced while osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts is enhanced for the nanopores (higher for 70 nm pores). Advanced nanoengineered Ti implants can enhance titanium implant tissue integration by modulating the inflammatory response at the implant–cell interface.
A study of tin electrodeposition from ethaline: The electrode material effect
Authors: Phuong Thao Dao Vu , Dien Nguyen Dac , Van Hoang Nhu , Van Thu Vu , Hung Vuong‐Pham , Tam Phuong Dinh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article studies the influence of electrode material on tin (Sn) electrodeposition from deep eutectic solvent. The Sn electrodeposition from ethaline‐based electrolyte onto glassy carbon (GC) and Pt substrates has been studied using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The patterns and parameters of Sn nucleation and growth processes have been determined by means of Scharifker and Hills and Scharifker–Mostany models. Results show that Sn nucleation onto GCE follows instantaneous 3D nucleation, while in the case of PtE, it is controlled by adsorption, instantaneous 3D nucleation, and residual water reduction. The growth mechanism is diffusion‐controlled for both electrodes. The parameters of Sn electrodeposition onto GCE and PtE such as diffusion coefficient (D), nucleation rate (A), and active site density of Sn nuclei (No) are evaluated. The results showed that A and No increase linearly as the deposition potential is displaced towards more electronegative values while D is almost unchanged, regardless of the involved working electrode. The morphology and the structure of the electrodeposited Sn are also discussed based on scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy investigations.
Exploring interference effects between two ALP effective operators at the LHC
Authors: Cheung Kingman , Lu Chih-Ting , Ouseph C.J. , Sarmah Priyanka 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We observe that most studies of axion-like particle (ALP) production channels at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) focus on a single type of ALP operator for each process in the effective field theory framework. In this work, we propose an alternative approach that considers two or more types of relevant ALP effective operators together in some specific ALP production channels and study their interference effects. Using the pp → tja process with a → γγ as an example, we show that this approach allows us to constrain the ALP interactions with both the W boson and the top quark, as well as their interference in a single process. For the final state with two isolated photons and a top quark decaying semi-leptonically, we predict that the future bounds on the ALP decay constant can reach around fa ~ 10 (20) TeV for 25 GeV < Ma < 100 GeV at the LHC with 300 (3000) fb−1 luminosity.
Rationality of extended unipotent characters
Authors: Dudas Olivier , Malle Gunter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe determine the rationality properties of unipotent characters of finite reductive groups arising as fixed points of disconnected reductive groups under a Frobenius map. In the proof, we use realisations of characters in $$\ell $$
ℓ
-adic cohomology groups of Deligne–Lusztig varieties as well as block theoretic considerations.
Molecular mechanisms of thalidomide effectiveness on COVID-19 patients explained: ACE2 is a new ΔNp63α target gene
Authors: Monteonofrio Laura , Virdia Ilaria , Pozzi Sara , Quadri Roberto , Amendolare Alessandra , Marzano Flaviana , Braile Micaela , Sulfaro Virginia , Paroni Moira , Tullo Apollonia , Soddu Silvia , Guerrini Luisa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, whose internalization and infection are mediated by the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The identification of novel approaches to tackle this step is instrumental for the development of therapies for the management of COVID-19 and other diseases with a similar mechanism of infection. Thalidomide, a drug sadly known for its teratogenic effects, has potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Treatment with this drug has been shown to improve the immune functions of COVID-19 patients and proposed for the management of COVID-19 in clinical practice through drug repositioning. Here, we investigated the molecular details linking thalidomide to ACE2 and COVID-19, showing that in conditions mimicking SARS-CoV-2-associated cytokine storm, the transcription factor ΔNp63α and ACE2 are stabilized, and IL-8 production is increased. In such conditions, we found p63 to bind to and regulate the expression of the ACE2 gene. We previously showed that ΔNp63α is degraded upon thalidomide treatment and now found that treatment with this drug—or with its analogue lenalidomide—downregulates ACE2 in a p63-dependent manner. Finally, we found that thalidomide treatment reduces in vitro infection by pseudo-SARS-CoV-2, a baculovirus pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Overall, we propose the dual effect of thalidomide in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral re-entry and inflammation through p63 degradation to weaken SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells and mitigate lung inflammation, making it a valuable option in clinical management of COVID-19.

Key messages

Thalidomide treatment results in p63-dependent ACE2 downregulation.

ACE2 is a p63 transcriptional target.

Thalidomide reduces the “cytokine storm” associated to COVID-19.

Thalidomide prevents viral re-entry of SARS-CoV-2 by p63-dependent ACE2 downregulation.

Thalidomide is a modulator of SARS-CoV-2 or other ACE2-dependent infections.

ACE2 is modulated by a pharmacological substance.