bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different immobilization strategies on chiral recognition properties of Cinchona‐based anion exchangers
Authors: Kohout Michal , Wernisch Stefanie , Tůma Jiří , Hettegger Hubert , Pícha Jan , Lindner Wolfgang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn the enantiomeric separation of highly polar compounds, a traditionally challenging task for high‐performance liquid chromatography, ion‐exchange chiral stationary phases have found the main field of application. In this contribution, we present a series of novel anion‐exchange‐type chiral stationary phases for enantiomer separation of protected amino phosphonates and N‐protected amino acids. Two of the prepared selectors possessed a double and triple bond within a single molecule. Thus, they were immobilized onto silica support employing either a thiol‐ene (radical) or an azide‐yne (copper(I)‐catalyzed) click reaction. We evaluated the selectivity and the effect of immobilization proceeding either by the double bond of the Cinchona alkaloid or a triple bond of the carbamoyl moiety on the chromatographic performance of the chiral stationary phases using analytes with protecting groups of different size, flexibility, and π‐acidity. The previously observed preference toward protecting groups possessing π‐acidic units, which is a typical feature of Cinchona‐based chiral stationary phases, was preserved. In addition, increasing the bulkiness of the selectors’ carbamoyl units leads to significantly reduced retention times, while very high selectivity toward the tested analytes is retained.
CBS mutations are good predictors for B6‐responsiveness: A study based on the analysis of 35 Brazilian Classical Homocystinuria patients
Authors: Poloni Soraia , Sperb‐Ludwig Fernanda , Borsatto Taciane , Weber Hoss Giovana , Doriqui Maria Juliana R. , Embiruçu Emília K. , Boa‐Sorte Ney , Marques Charles , Kim Chong A. , Fischinger Moura de Souza Carolina , Rocha Helio , Ribeiro Marcia , Steiner Carlos E. , Moreno Carolina A. , Bernardi Pricila , Valadares Eugenia , Artigalas Osvaldo , Carvalho Gerson , Wanderley Hector Y. C. , Kugele Johanna , Walter Melanie , Gallego‐Villar Lorena , Blom Henk J. , Schwartz Ida Vanessa D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundClassical homocystinuria (HCU) is a monogenic disease caused by the deficient activity of cystathionine β‐synthase (CβS). The objective of this study was to identify the CBS mutations in Brazilian patients with HCU.MethodsgDNA samples were obtained for 35 patients (30 families) with biochemically confirmed diagnosis of HCU. All exons and exon‐intron boundaries of CBS gene were sequenced. Gene expression analysis by qRT‐PCR was performed in six patients. Novel missense point mutations were expressed in E. coli by site‐directed mutagenesis.ResultsParental consanguinity was reported in 16 families, and pyridoxine responsiveness in five (15%) patients. Among individuals from the same family, all presented the same phenotype. Both pathogenic mutations were identified in 29/30 patients. Twenty‐one different mutations were detected in nine exons and three introns; being six common mutations. Most prevalent were p.Ile278Thr (18.2%), p.Trp323Ter (11.3%), p.Thr191Met (11.3%), and c.828+1G>A (11.3%). Eight novel mutations were found [c.2T>C, c.209+1delG, c.284T>C, c.329A>T, c.444delG, c.864_868delGAG c.989_991delAGG, and c.1223+5G>T]. Enzyme activity in E. coli‐expressed mutations was 1.5% for c.329A>T and 17.5% for c.284T>C. qRT‐PCR analysis revealed reduced gene expression in all evaluated genotypes: [c.209+1delG; c.572C>T]; [c.2T>C; c.828+1G>A]; [c.828+1G>A; c.1126G>A]; [c.833T>C; c.989_991delAGG]; [c.1058C>T; c.146C>T]; and [c.444delG; c.444delG]. The expected phenotype according to the genotype (pyridoxine responsiveness) matched in all cases.ConclusionsMost patients studied were pyridoxine nonresponsive and presented early manifestations, suggesting severe phenotypes. Many private mutations were observed, but the four most prevalent mutations together accounted for over 50% of mutated alleles. A good genotype–phenotype relationship was observed within families and for the four most common mutations.
Autofocusing‐based phase correction
Authors: Loktyushin Alexander , Ehses Philipp , Schölkopf Bernhard , Scheffler Klaus 
Published: January 2018

PurposePhase artifacts due to B0 inhomogeneity can severely degrade the quality of MR images. The artifacts are particularly prominent in long‐TE scans and usually appear as ghosting and blur. We propose a retrospective phase correction method based on autofocusing. The proposed method uses raw data acquired with standard imaging sequences, and does not rely on navigators or external measures of field inhomogeneity.MethodsWe formulate and solve the optimization problem, where we seek the latent phase offsets that are associated with an optimal value of the image quality measure that is evaluated in the spatial domain. As a quality measure we use entropy computed on spatial image gradients. We propose two types of objective function, both compatible with parallel imaging and accelerated image acquisition.ResultsWe evaluate the method on both synthetic and real data. In real data case we evaluate the performance on a range of sequences and images acquired with different acceleration factors. The experimental results demonstrate that our method is capable of minimizing ghosting artifacts and that the quality of the output images is similar to navigator‐based reconstructions.ConclusionThe presented technique can be alternative to or complement navigator‐based methods, and is able to improve images with severe phase artifacts from all standard imaging sequences. Magn Reson Med 80:958–968, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
A genome‐scale DNA methylation study in women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Bradley Megan S. , Burke Emily E. , Grenier Carole , Amundsen Cindy L. , Murphy Susan K. , Siddiqui Nazema Y. 
Published: January 2018

AimsTo assess the feasibility of using voided urine samples to perform a DNA methylation study in females with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) as compared to age‐ and race‐matched controls. A unique methylation profile could lead to a non‐invasive, reproducible, and objective biomarker that would aid clinicians in the diagnosis of IC/BPS.MethodsNineteen IC/BPS patients and 17 controls were included. IC/BPS patients had an Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index score of >8; controls had no bladder symptoms. DNA was extracted from pelleted urine sediment. Samples with >500 ng of genomic DNA underwent quantitative DNA methylation assessment using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Age‐ and race‐matching was applied prior to analysis. Linear regression models were used to compare average methylation between IC/BPS cases and controls at each cytosine guanine dinucleotide site (loci where methylation can occur).ResultsSixteen participants (eight IC/BPS age‐ and race‐matched to eight controls) had adequate DNA for methylation analysis. The median age was 43.5 years (interquartile range 33.8, 65.0), the median BMI was 27.1 (IQR 22.7, 31.4), and 14 were Caucasian (87.5%). A total of 688 417 CpG sites were analyzed. In exploratory pathway analysis utilizing the top 1000 differentially methylated CpG sites, the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was overrepresented by member genes.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the feasibility of using voided urine specimens from women with IC/BPS to perform DNA methylation assessments. Additionally, the data suggest genes within or downstream of the MAPK pathway exhibit altered methylation in IC/BPS.
The care‐planning conference: Exploring aspects of person‐centred interactions
Authors: Jobe Ingela , Lindberg Birgitta , Nordmark Sofi , Engström Åsa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to describe the care‐planning conference from the participants' and researchers' perspectives, focusing on exploring aspects of person‐centred interactions.DesignA single‐instrumental, qualitative case study design was used describing a care‐planning conference taking place in the home of an older woman and her daughter.MethodsData collection consisted of observation and digital recording of the care‐planning conference and individual interviews with all the participants before and after the conference. Data were analysed in several phases: first, a narrative description followed by a general description and, thereafter, qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe findings revealed that the care‐planning conference conducted had no clear purpose and did not fulfil all parts of the planning process. Three themes emerged related to aspects of person‐centred interactions. The theme “expectations meet reality” showed different expectations, and participants could not really connect during the conference. The theme “navigate without a map” revealed health professionals' lack of knowledge about the care‐planning process. The theme “lose the forest for the trees” described that the conference was conducted only as part of the health professionals' duties. Management and healthcare professionals cannot automatically assume that they are delivering person‐centred care. Healthcare professionals need to be sensitive to the context, use the knowledge and tools available and continuously evaluate and reassess the work carried out.
Effects of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Brain Response to High‐Calorie Food Cues in Young Adults
Authors: Luo Shan , O’Connor Sydney G. , Belcher Britni R. , Page Kathleen A. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivePhysical activity (PA) promotes weight maintenance, potentially because of its beneficial effects on feeding behavior regulation via diminished food cue reactivity within brain reward regions. This study examined how levels of PA and sedentary behavior (SB) relate to brain responses to food cues.MethodsParticipants (22 lean, 18 with obesity) completed three to five PA recalls over 2 months. Average minutes per day of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and SB were calculated. Participants completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging session, viewing food and nonfood images following glucose ingestion. Region of interest (ROI) analysis examined associations between MVPA and brain percent signal change in response to food versus nonfood images, controlling for obesity and sex. Secondary analysis examined associations between SB and brain responses to food cues.ResultsGreater MVPA was associated with decreased food cue reactivity after glucose across brain ROIs (β = −0.00057, P = 0.005), controlling for obesity and sex. Greater SB was associated with increased food cue reactivity after glucose across brain ROIs in unadjusted analyses (β = 0.00041, P = 0.026).ConclusionsPA may have beneficial effects on brain regulation of feeding behavior after caloric intake in lean individuals and individuals with obesity.
Heterogeneous photocatayltic deperoxidation with UV and visible light
Authors: Walalawela Niluksha , Greer Alexander 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA physical‐organic study is described on the photodecomposition of dicumyl peroxide co‐adsorbed with the sensitizers 4,4′‐dimethylbenzil or chlorin e6 on fumed (nonporous) silica. Dicumyl peroxide was decomposed by the heterogeneous photosensitization and monitored by the desorption of products acetophenone, 2‐phenylpropan‐2‐ol, and α‐methylstyrene using proton nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Dicumyl peroxide and sensitizer were co‐adsorbed on silica in 1:4 up to 200:1 ratios, with high peroxide destabilization occurring in ratios of about 10:1. This increased photodecomposition corresponded to sensitizer‐peroxide distances of 6 to 9 Å. A Dexter triplet energy transfer mechanism is proposed that explains the short sensitizer and peroxide separation distances for higher peroxide OO bond homolysis efficiencies on silica. This biphasic (gas/solid) system can thus serve both to destabilize and stabilize a peroxide, which may be of practical use for the delivery of alkoxy radicals for bacterial disinfection.
An MRM‐Based Cytokeratin Marker Assay as a Tool for Cancer Studies: Application to Lung Cancer Pleural Effusions
Authors: Perzanowska Anna , Fatalska Agnieszka , Wojtas Grzegorz , Lewandowicz Andrzej , Michalak Agata , Krasowski Grzegorz , Borchers Christoph H. , Dadlez Michal , Domanski Dominik 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe goal of this work was to develop an LC‐MRM assay for the quantitative analysis of a set of established and diagnostically important cytokeratin (CK) markers used in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring. Second, the potential of this assay in lung cancer diagnosis through pleural effusion (PE) analysis was examined.Experimental designA multiplexed MRM assay was developed for 17 CKs and their select caspase‐cleaved fragments. Isotope‐labeled standard peptides were used for high assay specificity and absolute peptide quantitation; with robust standard‐flow LC coupled to a latest‐generation triple‐quadrupole instrument for high sensitivity. The potential clinical applicability was demonstrated by the analysis of 118 PE samples.ResultsThe MRM assay was evaluated for endogenous detection, linearity, precision, upper and lower limits of quantification, selectivity, reproducibility and peptide stability, and is generally applicable to any epithelial cancer study. A set of 118 patients with known pathologies allowed us to define the range of CK levels in clinical PE samples. Specific CKs were able to differentiate cancer‐related PEs from those caused by benign ailments. In addition, they allowed to differentiate between PEs from subjects with small cell lung cancer versus non‐small cell lung carcinoma, and to further differentiate the latter into its two subtypes, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion and clinical relevanceAn MRM‐based CK assay for carcinoma studies can differentiate between the three lung cancer histological types using less‐invasive PE sampling providing potential therapy‐guiding information on patients that are inoperable.
Determination of protein oligomeric structure from small‐angle X‐ray scattering
Authors: Korasick David A. , Tanner John J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSmall‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) is useful for determining the oligomeric states and quaternary structures of proteins in solution. The average molecular mass in solution can be calculated directly from a single SAXS curve collected on an arbitrary scale from a sample of unknown protein concentration without the need for beamline calibration or protein standards. The quaternary structure in solution can be deduced by comparing the experimental SAXS curve to theoretical curves calculated from proposed models of the oligomer. This approach is especially robust when the crystal structure of the target protein is known, and the candidate oligomer models are derived from the crystal lattice. When SAXS data are obtained at multiple protein concentrations, this analysis can provide insight into dynamic self‐association equilibria. Herein, we summarize the computational methods that are used to determine protein molecular mass and quaternary structure from SAXS data. These methods are organized into a workflow and demonstrated with four case studies using experimental SAXS data from the published literature.
Crystal structure of ADP‐dependent glucokinase from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii in complex with 5‐iodotubercidin reveals phosphoryl transfer mechanism
Authors: Tokarz Piotr , Wiśniewska Magdalena , Kamiński Marcin M. , Dubin Grzegorz , Grudnik Przemysław 
Published: January 2018

AbstractADP‐dependent glucokinase (ADPGK) is an alternative novel glucose phosphorylating enzyme in a modified glycolysis pathway of hyperthermophilic Archaea. In contrast to classical ATP‐dependent hexokinases, ADPGK utilizes ADP as a phosphoryl group donor. Here, we present a crystal structure of archaeal ADPGK from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii in complex with an inhibitor, 5‐iodotubercidin, d‐glucose, inorganic phosphate, and a magnesium ion. Detailed analysis of the architecture of the active site allowed for confirmation of the previously proposed phosphorylation mechanism and the crucial role of the invariant arginine residue (Arg197). The crystal structure shows how the phosphate ion, while mimicking a β‐phosphate group, is positioned in the proximity of the glucose moiety by arginine and the magnesium ion, thus providing novel insights into the mechanism of catalysis. In addition, we demonstrate that 5‐iodotubercidin inhibits human ADPGK‐dependent T cell activation‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and downstream gene expression, and as such it may serve as a model compound for further screening for hADPGK‐specific inhibitors.
From laboratory to point of entry: development and implementation of a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)‐based genetic identification system to prevent introduction of quarantine insect species
Authors: Blaser Simon , Diem Hanspeter , von Felten Andreas , Gueuning Morgan , Andreou Michael , Boonham Neil , Tomlinson Jennifer , Müller Pie , Utzinger Jürg , Frey Jürg E , Bühlmann Andreas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDRapid genetic on‐site identification methods at points of entry, such as seaports and airports, have the potential to become important tools to prevent the introduction and spread of economically harmful pest species that are unintentionally transported by the global trade of plant commodities. This paper reports the development and evaluation of a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)‐based identification system to prevent introduction of the three most frequently encountered regulated quarantine insect species groups at Swiss borders, Bemisia tabaci, Thrips palmi and several regulated fruit flies of the genera Bactrocera and Zeugodacus.RESULTSThe LAMP primers were designed to target a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene and were generated based on publicly available DNA sequences. Laboratory evaluations analysing 282 insect specimens suspected to be quarantine organisms revealed an overall test efficiency of 99%. Additional on‐site evaluation at a point of entry using 37 specimens performed by plant health inspectors with minimal laboratory training resulted in an overall test efficiency of 95%. During both evaluation rounds, there were no false‐positives and the observed false‐negatives were attributable to human‐induced manipulation errors. To overcome the possibility of accidental introduction of pests as a result of rare false‐negative results, samples yielding negative results in the LAMP method were also subjected to DNA barcoding.CONCLUSIONOur LAMP assays reliably differentiated between the tested regulated and non‐regulated insect species within <1 h. Hence, LAMP assays represent suitable tools for rapid on‐site identification of harmful pests, which might facilitate an accelerated import control process for plant commodities. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Understanding Character Perspective: Strategies to Support Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Finnegan Elizabeth G. , Accardo Amy L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractStudents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display social communication differences that may affect reading comprehension. The enjoyment of storybooks is a natural part of childhood. Students with ASD experience difficulty with understanding the thoughts and feelings of others, which may impede their comprehension of character motive in narrative text. Research‐based strategies for helping students with ASD understand character perspective in narrative text, including graphic organizers, anaphoric cueing, and question‐answer relationships, are described. Understanding different characters’ perspectives may help students with ASD develop reading comprehension and their overall enjoyment of narrative text.
“My Family Makes This!”: Including Cookbooks in the Classroom Library
Authors: Walker Sharryn Larsen , Walker Natalie M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFinding culturally relevant informational books for a classroom library can be difficult. However, expanding the definition of informational text to include procedural forms, specifically cookbooks, can enhance the cultural relevance, range, and number of books available for students to read. Reasons for placing cookbooks in the classroom library include promoting reader interest and providing opportunities for students to read short yet predictable texts. Additionally, cookbooks contain the technical vocabulary of the culinary arts, thus helping readers expand their knowledge of food science. Criteria for selecting cookbooks for the classroom library include layout, font, photographs, physical size, content, and representations of the world and its people.
Yeast‐insect associations: It takes guts
Authors: Stefanini Irene 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInsects interact with microorganisms in several situations, ranging from the accidental interaction to locate attractive food or the acquisition of essential nutrients missing in the main food source. Despite a wealth of studies recently focused on bacteria, the interactions between insects and yeasts have relevant implications for both of the parties involved. The insect intestine shows several structural and physiological differences among species, but it is generally a hostile environment for many microorganisms, selecting against the most sensitive and at the same time guaranteeing a less competitive environment to resistant ones. An intensive characterization of the interactions between yeasts and insects has highlighted their relevance not only for attraction to food but also for the insect's development and behaviour. Conversely, some yeasts have been shown to benefit from interactions with insects, in some cases by being carried among different environments. In addition, the insect intestine may provide a place to reside for prolonged periods and possibly mate or generate sexual forms able to mate once back in the external environments.YEA‐May‐17‐0084.R3
The action of the (free) (4, 0)-theory
Authors: Henneaux Marc , Lekeu Victor , Leonard Amaury 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe (4, 0) theory in six dimensions is an exotic theory of supergravity that has been argued to emerge as the strong coupling limit of theories havingN= 8 supergravity as their low energy effective theory in five spacetime dimensions. It has maximal supersymmetry and is superconformal. Very little is known about this intriguing theory. While the spectrum of fields occurring in its description has been given and their equations of motion in the absence of interactions have been written down, no action principle has been formulated, even in the free case. We extend here previous analyses by writing explicitly the action of the free (4, 0) theory from which the equations of motion derive. The variables of the variational principle are prepotentials adapted to the self-duality properties of the fields. The “exotic gravitini”, described by chiral fermionic two-forms, are given special attention. The supersymmetry transformations are written down and the invariance of the action is explicitly proven. Even though the action is not manifestly covariant, the symmetry transformations are shown to close according to the (4, 0)-extended Poincaré supersymmetry algebra. We also discuss exotic supergravity models with fewer supersymmetries. Remarks on dimensional reduction close the paper.