bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene frequency and haplotype distribution of hemoglobin E among seven minority groups of Yunnan, China
Authors: Liu Hongxian , Huang Kai , Liu Shuyuan , Sun Hao , Lin Keqin , Huang Xiaoqin , Chu Jiayou , Yang Zhaoqing 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the distribution and origin of hemoglobin E (HbE) in seven minority groups from various geographical regions of the malaria‐endemic Yunnan province, southwestern China, which have similar ethnic origins and geographic relationships with HbE‐prevalent populations of Southeast Asian countries.MethodsBy using Polymerase Chain Reaction‐Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) methods, the prevalence of HbE was examined in 1488 individuals from seven native minority groups of Yunnan, and β‐globin gene cluster haplotypes were determined on 1420 chromosomes.ResultsThe prevalence of HbE in the study populations ranged from 1.5 to 39.1%. Higher HbE prevalence was correlated with the minority groups of Tibeto‐Burman origin and groups from the Dehong district. The βE–globin genes in Yunnan were mostly associated with three haplotypes [−+++++−], [+−−−−+−], and [−+−+++−] on chromosomes with gene framework 2. Interestingly, the predominant βE associated haplotype in Yunnan minorities was remarkably different from that in other previously reported populations. This study, for the first time, reports population‐based data on the heterogeneity of HbE gene frequencies and haplotype distribution in native minorities from southwestern China.ConclusionsNatural selection based on the presence of malaria, ethnic origin, and epistatic interactions may be factors of varying importance for the remarkable variation in HbE frequency among these minority groups. In addition, there appears to be a common origin of the βE ‐globin gene in populations from Yunnan and Southeast Asia. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:927–931, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of α‐MoC1−x Nanoparticles with a Surface‐Modified SBA‐15 Hard Template: Determination of Structure–Function Relationships in Acetic Acid Deoxygenation
Authors: Baddour Frederick G. , Nash Connor P. , Schaidle Joshua A. , Ruddy Daniel A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSurface modification of mesoporous SBA‐15 silica generated a hydrophobic environment for a molybdenum diamine (Mo‐diamine) precursor solution, enabling direct growth of isolated 1.9±0.4 nm α‐MoC1−x nanoparticles (NPs) inside the pores of the support. The resulting NP catalysts are bifunctional, and compared to bulk α‐MoC1−x and β‐Mo2C, the NPs exhibit a greater acid‐site:H‐site ratio and a fraction of stronger acid sites. The greater acid‐site:H‐site ratio results in higher decarbonylation (DCO) selectivity during acetic acid hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions, and the stronger acid sites lead to higher activity and ketonization (KET) selectivity at high temperatures. The hard‐templating synthetic method could be a versatile route toward carbide NPs of varying size, composition, and phase, on a range of mesoporous oxide supports.
19F NMR Spectroscopy as a Highly Sensitive Method for the Direct Monitoring of Confined Crystallization within Nanoporous Materials
Authors: Nartowski Karol P. , Malhotra Diksha , Hawarden Lucy E. , Sibik Juraj , Iuga Dinu , Zeitler J. Axel , Fábián László , Khimyak Yaroslav Z. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe introduction of fluorine into the structure of pharmaceuticals has been an effective strategy for tuning their pharmacodynamic properties, with more than 40 new drugs entering the market in the last 15 years. In this context, 19F NMR spectroscopy can be viewed as a useful method for investigating the host–guest chemistry of pharmaceuticals in nanosized drug‐delivery systems. Although the interest in confined crystallization, nanosized devices, and porous catalysts is gradually increasing, understanding of the complex phase behavior of organic molecules confined within nanochambers or nanoreactors is still lacking. Using 19F magic‐angle‐spinning NMR spectroscopy, we obtained detailed mechanistic insight into the crystallization of flufenamic acid (FFA) in a confined environment of mesoporous silica materials with different pore diameters (3.2–29 nm), providing direct experimental evidence for the formation of a molecular‐liquid‐like layer besides crystalline confined FFA form I.
Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative β,β‐Fluoroarylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Derivatives
Authors: Miró Javier , del Pozo Carlos , Toste F. Dean , Fustero Santos 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe site‐selective palladium‐catalyzed three‐component coupling of deactivated alkenes, arylboronic acids, and N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide is disclosed herein. The developed methodology establishes a general, modular, and step‐economical approach to the stereoselective β‐fluorination of α,β‐unsaturated systems.
5‐Fluorouracil encapsulated magnetic nanohydrogels for drug‐delivery applications
Authors: Jayaramudu Tippabattini , Raghavendra Gownolla Malegowd , Varaprasad Kokkarachedu , Raju Konduru Mohana , Sadiku Emmanuel Rotimi , Kim Jaehwan 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTFor the first time, green‐tea (GT)‐based magnetic nanohydrogels were developed for drug‐delivery purposes. The hydrogel matrices were fabricated via the in situ polymerization of acrylamide with GT molecules. Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction of the 1:2 molar ratio mixture of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and ferric chloride hexahydrate with an ammonia solution. A chemotherapeutic drug, 5‐fluorouracil, was chosen as a model drug, and its releasing profiles in the presence and absence of the external magnetic field were evaluated at a pH of 7.4. We observed that in the presence of the applied magnetic field, these magnetic nanohydrogels released 2.86% more drug than in the absence of a magnetic field. The magnetic nanohydrogels were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and transmission electron microscopy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43921.
Preparation of waterborne polyurethane nanocomposite reinforced with halloysite nanotubes for coating applications
Authors: Wu Yan , Du Zongliang , Wang Haibo , Cheng Xu 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTTo construct waterborne polyurethane with excellent water resistance and mechanical properties, an organic‐inorganic hybrid nanocomposite based on modified halloysite nanotubes (mHNTs) and polyurethane was prepared. The HNTs were modified with an amino‐silane coupling agent (KH550) and then reacted with polypropylene glycol, 2,2‐Dimethylol propionic acid, and Toluene diisocyanate to form mHNTs/PU aqueous dispersions. The structure of the siloxane functionalized mHNTs was confirmed by a Fourier transform infrared study. The PU/mHNTs composites were characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electronic microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, a tensile test, particle size analysis, and a water swelling experiment. The tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at the break of the composite polymer with 0.5 wt % mHNTs was shown to be significantly improved, by approximately 200%, 200%, and 30%, respectively. An excess amount of mHNTs could weaken the reinforcing effect and stability of the composite emulsion. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43949.
Glutaraldehyde‐crosslinking for improved copper absorption selectivity and chemical stability of polyethyleneimine coatings
Authors: Lindén Johan B. , Larsson Mikael , Kaur Simarpreet , Nosrati Ataollah , Nydén Magnus 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTNano‐thin coatings of glutaraldehyde (GA)‐crosslinked polyethyleneimine (PEI) are extremely selective and effective in binding copper from seawater. Here it was demonstrated that GA‐PEI performs significantly different from PEI. The copper‐selectivity of self‐assembled PEI coatings on silicon substrates was greatly improved by GA‐crosslinking. After submersion in artificial seawater containing 200 ppb copper and equimolar amounts of 11 competing ions only copper and trace amounts of Zn were detected in the GA‐crosslinked coatings, while for non‐crosslinked PEI there was about 30% Zn present relative to copper. The coatings were demonstrated to be highly stable under acidic conditions and retained their copper‐binding selectivity after repeated cycles of binding and acid‐mediated elution. After self‐assembly of the GA‐crosslinked coating on mesoporous diatomaceous earth particles, significant amounts of copper could be extracted from 200 ppb in artificial seawater and eluted under acidic pH. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43954.
Synergistic toughening effect of chlorinated polyethylene and acrylic resin on SAN/ASA blends at low temperature
Authors: Mao Zepeng , Zhang Jun 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTStyrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN)/acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylate terpolymer (ASA) blends (75/25, w/w) were toughened by blending with chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and acrylic resin (ACR) at three different temperatures (−30, 0, and 25 °C). When the testing temperature was 0 and 25 °C, CPE played a key role in improving the impact strength of blends instead of ACR. However, an obvious synergistic toughening effect of CPE and ACR was observed at −30 °C: when both 10 phr CPE and 15 phr ACR were added, the impact strength of the blends reached a peak at 7.50 kJ/m2, which was about two to three times higher than when 25 phr CPE or 25 phr ACR was introduced into the blends individually. Scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, and surface energy measurements were used to investigate the toughening mechanism. Furthermore, other mechanical properties and the heat distortion temperatures were evaluated. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43958.
Excitation Energy Transfer in meta‐Substituted Phenylacetylene Multibranched Chromophores
Authors: He Guiying , Yu Chenmin , Li Yang , Hu Jiangpu , Liu Zitong , Zhang Deqing , Guo Qianjin , Xia Andong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA comprehensive investigation into the spectral properties and excitation energy transfer in di‐ or tribranched dithienyldiketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) molecules with meta‐substituted benzene as a central core (TADPP2‐TT and TADPP3), by means of steady‐state and transient measurements and quantum chemical calculations, is reported. Excitation in the meta‐substituted chromophores is localized on one of the DPP units in the branching molecules owing to the disruption of conjugation by meta substitution for both TADPP2‐TT and TADPP3. Weak electronic couplings result from the long distance between the DPP chromophores and the steric effects from the attached side chains on DPP. The attachment of the acetylene linker in each branch, which has a very low twisting barrier, could also play an important role in reducing the interaction between DPP chromophores. The dynamics of the excited states show that excitation energy transfer occurs on the picosecond scale, which is attributed to the incoherent hopping mechanism.
Trend and pattern classification of surface air temperature change in the Arctic region
Authors: Wanishsakpong Wandee , McNeil Nittaya , Notodiputro Khairil A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMonthly seasonally adjusted temperatures above latitude 45°N were investigated from January 1973 to November 2013. The study area was divided into 69 sub‐regions of similar size each in the shape of an igloo brick. The data were filtered with a second‐order autoregressive process to remove autocorrelation. Two sub‐regions did not have sufficient data due to substantial numbers of missing values. Factor analysis was then applied to the remaining 67 sub‐regions and was used to classify regions with similar temperature changes. As a result, 63 sub‐regions could be classified based on 12 factors but 4 sub‐regions could not be grouped due to uniqueness. The temperatures for each group of sub‐regions were found to increase during 1973–2013. The largest temperature increases of 0.19 °C/decade were found in northern and southern Siberia and part of the Arctic Ocean. In northern Canada, Alaska, the northern Pacific Ocean and eastern Siberia the temperatures increased by at least 0.16 °C/decade. In Iceland, Norway, Sweden and part of the Pacific and Arctic Oceans the temperature increased by around 0.15 °C/decade. In northeastern Canada, Greenland and its surrounding Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean the temperature increased by about 0.15 °C/decade.
Comparisons of pharmacokinetics and NO‐releasing of nitrofibriate and fenofibrate after oral administration in rats
Authors: Yang Yujie , Cheng Qiang , Liu Xiumei , Liu Zejuan , Li Tingting , Jiang Xuehua , Wang Ling 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNitrofibriate, a new compound of hypolipidemic, is modified based on fenofibrate. Both of them are used for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, an accurate and sensitive analytical method of reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed to determine fenofibric acid, which is an active metabolite of both nitrofibriate and fenofibrate in rat plasma. This method was validated and successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of nitrofibriate and fenofibrate after oral administration. The results suggested that the pharmacokinetic behavior of nitrofibriate followed a nonlinear process, while fenofibrate was linear, demonstrating that the two drugs were different in pharmacokinetic behaviors. Moreover, the effect of fenofibrate and nitrofibriate on releasing NO in rat serum was explored. This study showed that nitrofibriate, as a nitric oxide donor, could slowly release nitric oxide in vivo. This study provided a biopharmaceutical basis for further study of nitrofibriate.
High Spatial Resolution Imaging of Endogenous Hydrogen Peroxide in Living Cells by Solid‐State Fluorescence
Authors: Lindberg Eric , Winssinger Nicolas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHerein, we describe selective imaging of hydrogen peroxide using a precipitating dye conjugated to a boronic acid‐based immolative linker. We achieved visualization of endogenous hydrogen peroxide in phagosomes by solid‐state two‐photon fluorescence imaging in living cells with exceptionally high spatial resolution.
Transfer Hydrogenation and Hydrogenation of Commercial‐Grade Aldehydes to Primary Alcohols Catalyzed by 2‐(Aminomethyl)pyridine and Pincer Benzo[h]quinoline Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Baldino Salvatore , Facchetti Sarah , Zanotti‐Gerosa Antonio , Nedden Hans Günter , Baratta Walter 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe chemoselective reduction of commercial‐grade aldehydes (97–99 %) to primary alcohols is achieved with cis‐[RuCl2(ampy)(PP)] [ampy=2‐(aminomethyl)pyridine; PP=1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, 1,1′‐ferrocenediyl‐bis(diphenylphosphine)] and pincer [RuCl(CNNR)(PP)] [PP=1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, 1,1′‐ferrocenediyl‐bis(diphenylphosphine); HCNNR=4‐substituted‐2‐aminomethyl‐benzo[h]quinoline; R=Me, Ph] complexes by transfer hydrogenation and hydrogenation reactions. Aromatic, conjugated, and aliphatic aldehydes are converted quantitatively to the corresponding alcohols using 2‐propanol with potassium carbonate at substrate/catalyst ratios up to 100 000 by transfer hydrogenation, whereas aldehyde hydrogenation (5–20 atm of H2) is achieved efficiently in MeOH in the presence of KOtBu at substrate/catalyst ratios up to 40 000.
Platinum(II) Metallomesogens: New External‐Stimuli‐Responsive Photoluminescence Materials
Authors: Cuerva Cristián , Campo José A. , Cano Mercedes , Lodeiro Carlos 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNew dicatenar isoquinoline‐functionalized pyrazoles, [HpzR(n,n)iq] (R(n,n)=C6H3(OCnH2n+1)2; n=4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18), have been strategically designed and synthesized to induce mesomorphic and luminescence properties into the corresponding bis(isoquinolinylpyrazolate)platinum(II) complexes [Pt(pzR(n,n)iq)2]. Thermal studies reveal that all platinum(II) compounds exhibit columnar mesophases over an exceptionally wide temperature range, above 300 °C in most cases. The photophysical behavior was also investigated in solution and in the solid state. As a consequence of the formation of Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt interactions, the weak greenish emission of the platinum derivatives turns bright orange in the mesophase. Additionally, the complexes are sensitive to a great variety of external inputs, such as temperature, mechanical grinding, pressure, solvents, and vapors. On this basis, they are used as dopant agents of a polyvinylpyrrolidone or poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer matrix to achieve stimuli‐responsive thin films.
Introduction of d‐Glutamate at a Critical Residue of Aβ42 Stabilizes a Prefibrillary Aggregate with Enhanced Toxicity
Authors: Warner Christopher J. A. , Dutta Subrata , Foley Alejandro R. , Raskatov Jevgenij A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe amyloid beta peptide 42 (Aβ42) is an aggregation‐prone peptide that plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer′s disease. We report that a subtle perturbation to the peptide through a single chirality change at glutamate 22 leads to a pronounced delay in the β‐sheet adoption of the peptide. This was accompanied by an attenuated propensity of the peptide to form fibrils, which was correlated with changes at the level of the fibrillary architecture. Strikingly, the incorporation of d‐glutamate was found to stabilize a soluble, ordered macromolecular assembly with enhanced cytotoxicity to PC12 cells, highlighting the importance of advanced prefibrillary Aβ aggregates in neurotoxicity.
Methylene Homologues of Artemisone: An Unexpected Structure–Activity Relationship and a Possible Implication for the Design of C10‐Substituted Artemisinins
Authors: Wu Yuet , Wu Ronald Wai Kung , Cheu Kwan Wing , Williams Ian D. , Krishna Sanjeev , Slavic Ksenija , Gravett Andrew M. , Liu Wai M. , Wong Ho Ning , Haynes Richard K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe sought to establish if methylene homologues of artemisone are biologically more active and more stable than artemisone. The analogy is drawn with the conversion of natural O‐ and N‐glycosides into more stable C‐glycosides that may possess enhanced biological activities and stabilities. Dihydroartemisinin was converted into 10β‐cyano‐10‐deoxyartemisinin that was hydrolyzed to the α‐primary amide. Reduction of the β‐cyanide and the α‐amide provided the respective methylamine epimers that upon treatment with divinyl sulfone gave the β‐ and α‐methylene homologues, respectively, of artemisone. Surprisingly, the compounds were less active in vitro than artemisone against P. falciparum and displayed no appreciable activity against A549, HCT116, and MCF7 tumor cell lines. This loss in activity may be rationalized in terms of one model for the mechanism of action of artemisinins, namely the cofactor model, wherein the presence of a leaving group at C10 assists in driving hydride transfer from reduced flavin cofactors to the peroxide during perturbation of intracellular redox homeostasis by artemisinins. It is noted that the carba analogue of artemether is less active in vitro than the O‐glycoside parent toward P. falciparum, although extrapolation of such activity differences to other artemisinins at this stage is not possible. However, literature data coupled with the leaving group rationale suggest that artemisinins bearing an amino group attached directly to C10 are optimal compounds.
Vertical farming increases lettuce yield per unit area compared to conventional horizontal hydroponics
Authors: Touliatos Dionysios , Dodd Ian C. , McAinsh Martin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractVertical farming systems (VFS) have been proposed as an engineering solution to increase productivity per unit area of cultivated land by extending crop production into the vertical dimension. To test whether this approach presents a viable alternative to horizontal crop production systems, a VFS (where plants were grown in upright cylindrical columns) was compared against a conventional horizontal hydroponic system (HHS) using lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. “Little Gem”) as a model crop. Both systems had similar root zone volume and planting density. Half‐strength Hoagland's solution was applied to plants grown in perlite in an indoor controlled environment room, with metal halide lamps providing artificial lighting. Light distribution (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD) and yield (shoot fresh weight) within each system were assessed. Although PPFD and shoot fresh weight decreased significantly in the VFS from top to base, the VFS produced more crop per unit of growing floor area when compared with the HHS. Our results clearly demonstrate that VFS presents an attractive alternative to horizontal hydroponic growth systems and suggest that further increases in yield could be achieved by incorporating artificial lighting in the VFS.
Significant reductions in human visual gamma frequency by the gaba reuptake inhibitor tiagabine revealed by robust peak frequency estimation
Authors: Magazzini Lorenzo , Muthukumaraswamy Suresh D. , Campbell Anne E. , Hamandi Khalid , Lingford‐Hughes Anne , Myers Jim F. M. , Nutt David J. , Sumner Petroc , Wilson Sue J. , Singh Krish D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe frequency of visual gamma oscillations is determined by both the neuronal excitation–inhibition balance and the time constants of GABAergic processes. The gamma peak frequency has been linked to sensory processing, cognitive function, cortical structure, and may have a genetic contribution. To disentangle the intricate relationship among these factors, accurate and reliable estimates of peak frequency are required. Here, a bootstrapping approach that provides estimates of peak frequency reliability, thereby increasing the robustness of the inferences made on this parameter was developed. The method using both simulated data and real data from two previous pharmacological MEG studies of visual gamma with alcohol and tiagabine was validated. In particular, the study by Muthukumaraswamy et al. [] (Neuropsychopharmacology 38(6):1105–1112), in which GABAergic enhancement by tiagabine had previously demonstrated a null effect on visual gamma oscillations, contrasting with strong evidence from both animal models and very recent human studies was re‐evaluated. After improved peak frequency estimation and additional exclusion of unreliably measured data, it was found that the GABA reuptake inhibitor tiagabine did produce, as predicted, a marked decrease in visual gamma oscillation frequency. This result demonstrates the potential impact of objective approaches to data quality control, and provides additional translational evidence for the mechanisms of GABAergic transmission generating gamma oscillations in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3882–3896, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.