bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antifibrotic Activity of Human Placental Amnion Membrane-Derived CD34+ Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cell Transplantation in Mice With Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Lee Po-Huang , Tu Chi-Tang , Hsiao Chih-Chiang , Tsai Ming-Song , Ho Cheng-Maw , Cheng Nai-Chen , Hung Tzu-Min , Shih Daniel Tzu-bi 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Liver fibrosis represents the end stage of chronic liver inflammatory diseases and is defined by the abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix in the liver. Advanced liver fibrosis results in cirrhosis, liver failure, and portal hypertension. Liver transplantation has been the most effective treatment for these diseases, but the procedure is limited by the shortage of suitable donors. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown great potential in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases associated with fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of MSC-based cell transplantation as an alternative treatment for liver fibrosis. A CD34-positive subpopulation of human placental amnion membrane-derived stem/progenitor cells (CD34+ AMSPCs) was isolated through the depletion of CD34-negative stromal fibroblasts (CD34− AMSFCs) facilitated by CD34 fluorescence-activated cell sorting, enriched and expanded ex vivo. These cells express pluripotency markers and demonstrate multidirectional differentiation potentials. Comparative analysis was made between CD34+ AMSPCs and CD34− AMSFCs in terms of the expressions of stemness surface markers, embryonic surface antigens, and multilineage differentiation potentials. A mouse model of liver fibrosis was established by thioacetamide (TAA) administration. When injected into the spleen of TAA-injured mice, human placental amnion membrane-derived MSCs (hAM-MSCs) can engraft into the injury site, ameliorate liver fibrosis, and restore liver function, as shown by pathological and blood biochemical analysis and downregulated gene expressions associated with liver damage. CD34+ AMSPCs represent a more primitive subset of hAM-MSCs and could be a suitable candidate with a potentially better safety profile for cell-based therapy in treatment of liver diseases associated with fibrosis.

Significance
In this study, a CD34+ subpopulation of stem/progenitor cells derived from neonatal placental amnion membrane, denoted as CD34+ AMSPCs, were identified, enriched, and characterized. These cells are highly proliferative, express mesenchymal stromal cells and pluripotent stem cell markers, and demonstrate multidirectional differentiation potentials, indicating their promising application in clinical regenerative therapies. CD34+ AMSPC transplantation ameliorated liver fibrosis in mice with drug-induced liver injury. These cells represent a potential therapeutic agent for treating liver diseases associated with fibrosis.
Ethical dilemmas in nursing practice / Etičke dileme u sestrinskoj praksi
Authors: Gajić Veselka 
Published: July 2016

Contrary to the laws governing the legal duties of health workers and punish their violation of ethical norms are not clearly defined laws, but commonly prescribe appropriate codes. In the Federation B i H, as well as the Republiika Srpska formal codes of which were developed by the International Code of ethics of nurses. Negative trends in society have made to the medicine under the influence of various factors in the first place money, turned into a fertile ground for individuals to prove himself. Where we often neglect the true value of human achievement, but the stress and adopt values based on statistical results. In the race for the continuous improvement and studying health care workers, and everyone else, neglect respecting the needs and values of people. The position of nurses in relation to ethical issues is very ambiguous, located between opposing attitudes and expectations. Although required independent action and independent thinking, to once again request the cooperation and approval of others. Nurses are more and more considered as employees, rather than professionals with a clearly defined mission and professional activities. The official stance is sometimes more appreciated than ethically responsible execution of their duties. The task of every health care professional is to achieve the highest ethical standards of professional conduct and to motivate such behavior colleagues and associates.
Low interfacial trap density and high-temperature thermal stability in atomic layer deposited single crystal Y2O3/n-GaAs(001)
Authors: Lin Yen-Hsun , Fu Chien-Hua , Lin Keng-Yung , Chen Kuan-Hsiung , Chang Tsong-Wen , Kwo J. Raynien , Hong Minghwei 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
A low interfacial trap density (D
it) of 2.2 × 1011 eV−1 cm−2 has been achieved with an atomic layer deposited (ALD) single crystal Y2O3 epitaxially on n-GaAs(001), along with a small frequency dispersion of 10.3% (2.6%/decade) at the accumulation region in the capacitance–voltage (C–V) curves. The D
it and frequency dispersion in the C–V curves in this work are the lowest among all of the reported ALD-oxides on n-type GaAs(001). The D
it was measured using the conductance–voltage (G–V) and quasi-static C–V (QSCV) methods. Moreover, the heterostructure was thermally stable with rapid annealing at 900 °C under various durations in He and N2, which has not been achieved in the heterostructures of ALD-Al2O3 or HfO2 on GaAs.
Development of a scanning nanopipette probe microscope for fine processing using atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Morimatsu Daisuke , Sugimoto Hiromitsu , Nakamura Atsushi , Ogino Akihisa , Nagatsu Masaaki , Iwata Futoshi 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We developed a novel technique for fine material processing based on a localized atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) using a scanning probe microscope equipped with a nanopipette. Using a nanopipette — a tapered glass capillary with an aperture of sub-micrometer diameter — as a nozzle makes it possible to localize the discharge area of the APPJ for fine surface processing. The nanopipette can also be used as a probe for a scanning probe microscope operated with shear-force feedback control, which is capable of positioning the pipette edge in the vicinity of material surfaces for APPJ processing and imaging of the processed surface. Sub-micrometer holes and line patterns were successfully processed on a photoresist film. It was possible to control the size of the processed patterns by varying the applied pulse voltage and the distance between the pipette and the surface.
Temperature dependence of Peierls–Hubbard phase transition in [Pd(cptn)2Br]Br2 studied by scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Hosomi Yuka , Yoshida Shoji , Taninaka Atsushi , Yoshida Takefumi , Takaishi Shinya , Takeuchi Osamu , Yamashita Masahiro , Shigekawa Hidemi 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The temperature dependence of the Peierls–Hubbard phase transition in [Pd(cptn)2Br]Br2 (cptn: 1R,2R-diaminocyclopentane) was directly observed using a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope. A short ligand without alkyl chains was used to form a rigid crystal lattice to reduce the effect of structural changes in the crystal with temperature. The hysteresis in the temperature dependence of the ratio between the areas of the charge density wave (CDW) state produced by the PdII–PdIV mixed-valence state and the Mott–Hubbard (MH) state with a PdIII-averaged valence state which is a characteristic of the first-order phase transition, was directly observed at the atomic scale. Pinning of the CDW phase by defects was observed below the critical temperature, suggesting the growth of the CDW phase with defects as nuclei.
West Florida shelf upwelling: Origins and pathways
Authors: Weisberg Robert H. , Zheng Lianyuan , Liu Yonggang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOften described as oligotrophic, the west Florida continental shelf supports abundant fisheries, experiences blooms of the harmful alga, Karenia brevis, and exhibits subsurface chlorophyll maxima evident in shipboard and glider surveys. Renewal of inorganic nutrients by the upwelling of deeper ocean water onto the shelf may account for this, but what are the origins and pathways by which such new water may broach the shelf break and advance toward the shoreline? We address these questions via numerical model simulations of pseudo‐Lagrangian, isopycnic water parcel trajectories. Focus is on 2010, when the west Florida shelf was subjected to an anomalously protracted period of upwelling caused by Gulf of Mexico Loop Current interactions with the shelf slope. Origins and pathways are determined by integrating trajectories over successive 45 day intervals, beginning from different locations along the shelf break and at various locations and depths along the shelf slope. Waters upwelling across the shelf break are found to originate from relatively shallow depths along the shelf slope. Even for the anomalous 2010 year, much of this upwelling occurs from about 150 m and above, although waters may broach the shelf break from 300 m depth, particularly in the Florida Panhandle. Such interannual renewal of west Florida shelf waters appears to have profound effects on west Florida shelf ecology.
Controls on the distribution of deep‐sea sediments
Authors: Dutkiewicz A. , O'Callaghan S. , Müller R. D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDeep‐sea sediments represent the largest geological deposit on Earth and provide a record of our planet's response to conditions at the sea surface from where the bulk of material originates. We use a machine learning method to analyze how the distribution of 14,400 deep‐sea sediment sample lithologies is connected to bathymetry and surface oceanographic parameters. Our probabilistic Gaussian process classifier shows that the geographic occurrence of five major lithologies in the world's ocean can be predicted using just three parameters. Sea‐surface salinity and temperature provide a major control for the growth and composition of plankton and specific ranges are also associated with the influx of non‐aerosol terrigenous material into the ocean, while bathymetry is an important parameter for discriminating the occurrence of calcareous sediment, clay and coarse lithogenous sediment from each other. We find that calcareous and siliceous oozes are not linked to high surface productivity. Diatom and radiolarian oozes are associated with low salinities at the surface but with discrete ranges of temperatures, reflecting the diversity of planktonic species in different climatic zones. Biosiliceous sediments cannot be used to infer paleodepth, but are good indicators of paleotemperature and paleosalinity. Our analysis provides a new framework for constraining paleosurface ocean environments from the geological record of deep‐sea sediments. It shows that small shifts in salinity and temperature significantly affect the lithology of seafloor sediment. As deep‐sea sediments represent the largest carbon sink on Earth these shifts need to be considered in the context of global ocean warming.
The onset of laboratory earthquakes explained by nucleating rupture on a rate‐and‐state fault
Authors: Kaneko Yoshihiro , Nielsen Stefan B. , Carpenter Brett M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPrecursory aseismic slip lasting days to months prior to the initiation of earthquakes has been inferred from seismological observations. Similar precursory slip phenomena have also been observed in laboratory studies of shear rupture nucleation on frictional interfaces. However, the mechanisms that govern rupture nucleation, even in idealized laboratory settings, have been widely debated. Here we show that a numerical model incorporating rate‐and‐state friction laws and elastic continuum can reproduce the behaviors of rupture nucleation seen in laboratory experiments. In particular, we find that both in laboratory experiments and simulations with a wide range of normal stresses, the nucleation consists of two distinct phases: initial slow propagation phase and faster acceleration phase, both of which are likely aseismic processes, followed by dynamic rupture propagation that radiates seismic waves. The distance at which the rupture transitions from the initial slow phase to the acceleration phase can be roughly predicted by a theoretical estimate of critical nucleation length. Our results further show that the critical nucleation length depends on the background loading rate. In addition, our analysis suggests that critical nucleation length and breakdown power derived from the Griffith crack energy balance control the scaling of nucleating ruptures. Moreover, the background loading rate and loading configuration significantly affect the rupture propagation speed. Furthermore, if the same nucleation mechanism applies to natural faults, the migration speed of foreshocks triggered by the propagation of slow rupture within the nucleation zone would depend on the effective normal stress and hence fluid pressure in the fault zone.
Stable reconstruction of Arctic sea level for the 1950–2010 period
Authors: Limkilde Svendsen Peter , Andersen Ole B. , Aasbjerg Nielsen Allan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractReconstruction of historical Arctic sea level is generally difficult due to the limited coverage and quality of both tide gauge and altimetry data in the area. Here a strategy to achieve a stable and plausible reconstruction of Arctic sea level from 1950 to today is presented. This work is based on the combination of tide gauge records and a new 20 year reprocessed satellite altimetry‐derived sea level pattern. Hence, the study is limited to the area covered by satellite altimetry (68°N and 82°N). It is found that time step cumulative reconstruction as suggested by Church and White (2011) may yield widely variable results and is difficult to stabilize due to the many gaps in both tide gauge and satellite data. A more robust sea level reconstruction approach is to use datum adjustment of the tide gauges in combination with satellite altimetry, as described by Ray and Douglas (2011). In this approach, a datum‐fit of each tide gauges is used and the method takes into account the entirety of each tide gauge record. This makes the Arctic sea level reconstruction much less prone to drifting. From our reconstruction, we found that the Arctic mean sea level trend is around 1.5 mm ± 0.3 mm/yr for the period 1950–2010, between 68°N and 82°N. This value is in good agreement with the global mean trend of 1.8 ± 0.3 mm/yr over the same period as found by Church and White (2004).
An observations and model‐based analysis of meridional transports in the South Atlantic
Authors: Majumder Sudip , Schmid Claudia , Halliwell George 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA three‐dimensional velocity field constructed from Argo observations and sea surface heights (called Argo and SSH, hereinafter) is used to estimate meridional overturning volume transport and meridional heat transport (MHT) across 20°S, 25°S, 30°S, and 35°S for the years 2000–2014 in the South Atlantic. Volume transport in the upper branch of Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) and MHT from the observations are consistent with the previous observations, but are higher than the estimates derived from three data assimilative ocean models, at some of the latitudes. Both the observations and models show strong correlations between the strength of MOC and MHT at all the latitudes. The corresponding change in MHT for 1 Sv change of MOC strength, in the observations, increases from 0.046 PW in 25°S, 30°S, and 35°S to 0.056 PW across 20°S. A comparison of model‐based transports at 35°S at the boundaries and in the interior with those from Argo and SSH shows significant differences between them with respect to the contributions in the three segments of the section. In addition, the contributions also vary greatly between the different models. An analysis of the seasonality of MOC in the models and in the observations reveals that MOC anomalies in the models mostly show strong annual cycles at all the latitudes, whereas those derived from Argo and SSH exhibit annual cycles at three latitudes (35°S, 30°S, and to a lesser extent at 25°S) and a semiannual cycle at 20°S.
Winter Water Properties and the Chukchi Polynya
Authors: Ladd C. , Mordy C. W. , Salo S. A. , Stabeno P. J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWater properties from moored measurements (2010–2015) near Icy Cape on the eastern Chukchi shelf have been examined in relation to satellite observations of ice cover. Atlantic Water (AW), with temperature >−1°C and salinity >33.6, has been observed to upwell from deeper than 200 m in the Arctic Basin onto the Chukchi Shelf via Barrow Canyon. Most previous observations of AW on the Chukchi shelf have been in or near Barrow Canyon; observations of AW farther onto the shelf are rare. Despite mooring location on the shelf ∼225 km from the head of Barrow Canyon, five AW events have been observed at mooring C1 (70.8°N, 163.2°W) in 4 years of data. All but one of the events occurred under openings in the sea‐ice cover (either a polynya or the ice edge). No events were observed during the winter of 2011/2012, a year with little polynya activity in the region. In addition to changes in temperature and salinity, the AW events are typically associated with southwestward winds and currents, changes in sea‐ice cover, and increased nutrient concentrations in the bottom water. Estimates of heat content associated with the AW events suggest that the Chukchi Polynya can often be classified as a hybrid sensible heat/wind‐driven polynya.
Mixing of dissolved oxygen in Chesapeake Bay driven by the interaction between wind‐driven circulation and estuarine bathymetry
Authors: Scully Malcolm E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractField observations collected in Chesapeake Bay demonstrate how wind‐driven circulation interacts with estuarine bathymetry to control when and where the vertical mixing of dissolved oxygen occurs. In the across‐Bay direction, the lateral Ekman response to along‐Bay wind forcing contributes to the vertical mixing of dissolved oxygen in two ways. First, the lateral tilting of the pycnocline/oxycline, consistent with the thermal wind relationship, advects the region of high vertical gradient into the surface and bottom boundary layers where mixing can occur. Second, upwelling of low‐oxygen water to the surface enhances the atmospheric influx. In the along‐Bay direction, the abrupt change in bottom depth associated with Rappahannock Shoal results in surface convergence and downwelling, leading to localized vertical mixing. Water that is mixed on the shoal is entrained into the up‐Bay residual bottom flow resulting in increases in bottom dissolved oxygen that propagate up the system. The increases in dissolved oxygen are often associated with increases in temperature and decreases in salinity, consistent with vertical mixing. However, the lagged arrival moving northward suggests that the propagation of this signal up the Bay is due to advection.
A permanent N2O sink in the Nordic Seas and its strength and possible variability over the past four decades
Authors: Zhan Liyang , Chen Liqi , Zhang Jiexia , Yan Jinpei , Li Yuhong , Wu Man 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNordic Seas have been assumed to be a net sink of the ozone‐depleting greenhouse gas N2O. However, few studies have been conducted in this region. N2O profile data obtained during the 5th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition demonstrate that the N2O distribution pattern in the Nordic Seas differs from that of most other oceans. N2O sink characteristics of this region are confirmed by the undersaturation of N2O in the water column. Distributions of N2O in three subbasins of the Nordic Seas vary in the upper 1000 m but are homogenous below 1000 m due to a shared origin in the Greenland Basin (GB). Air‐sea exchange and vertical convection are thought to be dominant factors in N2O distribution in the GB, resulting in a distribution pattern that correlates significantly with the atmospheric mixing ratio variation over the past 40 years. Although recent studies have shown that weakened convection and/or enhanced Arctic outflow below the mid‐depth have occurred, our results show that these variations have yet to significantly affect the above relationship. The distribution could be considered a “historical record” that can be used to evaluate the air‐to‐sea flux over the past 40 years in the GB. The annual amount of N2O absorbed by the GB is ∼0.016–0.029 Tg N, which is equal to 0.4–0.8% of the world ocean emissions. This amount should not be simply neglected because it is absorbed by a region that accounts for only 0.03% of the world ocean area.
Regioselective Friedel–Crafts Reaction of Electron‐Rich Benzenoid Arenes and Spiroepoxyoxindole at the Spiro‐Centre: Efficient Synthesis of Benzofuroindolines and 2H‐ Spiro[benzofuran]‐3,3′‐oxindoles
Authors: Hajra Saumen , Maity Subrata , Roy Sayan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMetal triflate‐catalysed intermolecular Friedel–Crafts reactions involving electron‐rich benzenoid arenes and spiroepoxyoxindoles at the spiro‐centre have been developed for the exclusive regioselective synthesis of 3‐aryl‐(3‐hydroxymethyl)oxindoles with an all‐carbon quaternary centre. Selective ring opening of spiroepoxyoxindoles with phenols provided a direct access to 3‐(hydroxymethyl)‐3‐(2‐hydroxyaryl)oxindoles. We have utilized this methodology successfully as the key step for the synthesis of benzofuroindolines and 2H‐spiro[benzofuran]‐3,3′‐oxindoles.magnified image
Differences in the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among female and male custodians
Authors: Cavallari Jennifer M. , Ahuja Manik , Dugan Alicia G. , Meyer John D. , Simcox Nancy , Wakai Sara , Garza Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThe prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among custodians is high. We sought to compare musculoskeletal symptoms between female and male custodians and to explore how task might affect this relationship.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed among 712 custodians who completed a survey assessing upper extremity, back, and lower extremity musculoskeletal symptoms and exposure to cleaning tasks. Chi‐square tests and logistic regression analyses were used to test for associations between gender, cleaning tasks, and musculoskeletal symptoms.ResultsGender was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with musculoskeletal symptoms in χ2 tests and multivariate analyses. The prevalence ratio of symptoms among women was roughly 50% higher than men, regardless of the tasks that workers performed.ConclusionsThe prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms differed for female and male custodians and appeared to be consistent across a range of job tasks. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:841–852, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pinpointing a Mechanistic Switch Between Ketoreduction and “Ene” Reduction in Short‐Chain Dehydrogenases/Reductases
Authors: Lygidakis Antonios , Karuppiah Vijaykumar , Hoeven Robin , Ní Cheallaigh Aisling , Leys David , Gardiner John M. , Toogood Helen S. , Scrutton Nigel S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThree enzymes of the Mentha essential oil biosynthetic pathway are highly homologous, namely the ketoreductases (−)‐menthone:(−)‐menthol reductase and (−)‐menthone:(+)‐neomenthol reductase, and the “ene” reductase isopiperitenone reductase. We identified a rare catalytic residue substitution in the last two, and performed comparative crystal structure analyses and residue‐swapping mutagenesis to investigate whether this determines the reaction outcome. The result was a complete loss of native activity and a switch between ene reduction and ketoreduction. This suggests the importance of a catalytic glutamate vs. tyrosine residue in determining the outcome of the reduction of α,β‐unsaturated alkenes, due to the substrate occupying different binding conformations, and possibly also to the relative acidities of the two residues. This simple switch in mechanism by a single amino acid substitution could potentially generate a large number of de novo ene reductases.