bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosis: clinical insight and beliefs in immigrants in their first episode
Authors: Berg Akiah Ottesen , Barrett Elizabeth Ann , Nerhus Mari , Büchman Camilla , Simonsen Carmen , Færden Ann , Andreassen Ole A. , Melle Ingrid 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimLack of insight into illness is frequent in psychotic disorders and seen as part of their primary pathology. The recognition of symptoms as psychotic, and beliefs about treatment alternatives, is also influenced by socio‐cultural factors. Here we examined clinical insight into illness and beliefs about psychosis in immigrants in their first episode of psychosis compared with a reference group.MethodsA total of 277 first‐episode psychosis participants were recruited to this cross‐sectional study; 40 first‐ and 40 second‐generation immigrants from Europe, Americas and Oceania (n = 37), Asia including Turkey (n = 28) or Africa (n = 15). The Birchwood Insight Scale was used to measure clinical insight and ‘The Attitudes and Beliefs about Mental Health Problems’ schizophrenia version to assess socio‐cultural beliefs.ResultsImmigrants did not differ from the reference sample in clinical insight. After controlling for education level, first‐generation immigrants were less likely to recognize psychotic symptoms (odds ratio (OR) 2.9; Wald = 8.977, degrees of freedom (d.f.) 1, P = 0.003) and viewed hospitalization (OR 5.2; Wald = 20.388, d.f. 1, P = 0.001) and treatment by a psychiatrist (OR 4.9; Wald = 6.609, d.f. 1, P = 0.01)) as less beneficial than the reference group. Immigrants from Asia held more alternative explanations (OR 0.3; Wald = 6.567, d.f. 1, P = 0.010). There were significantly stronger associations between clinical insight and socio‐cultural beliefs in the reference group.ConclusionsSocio‐cultural beliefs about psychosis in immigrants in first‐episode psychosis call for more tailored information to this group, and emphasize the importance of treatment interventions involving both a cultural and personal perspective of insight.
Comparison of the affinity and extraction yield of trace amounts of three Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis in contrasting types of soil
Authors: Hung T. P. , Truong L. V. , Binh N. D. , Frutos R. , Quiquampoix H. , Staunton S. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe use of insecticidal proteins known as Cry or Bt, either as biopesticides used in agriculture or as vector control or originating from commercial genetically modified crops (GM), is increasing rapidly. The fate of these proteins in the environment depends strongly on their adsorption on the organo–mineral complexes of soil. Environmental monitoring requires the quantification of the proteins and this entails their chemical extraction from soil. Three Cry proteins, Cry1Ac, Cry1C and Cry2A, present in commercial biopesticide formulations or synthesized by GM plants or both were studied. The adsorption of trace amounts of Cry proteins on over 40 types of soil with contrasting properties was measured in dilute suspension. After a short incubation the extraction yield was measured with a previously tested alkaline solution that contained surfactant and another protein. Each of the proteins had a strong affinity for soil. No soil property was observed to determine either the affinity for soil or the extraction yield. There was no simple relation between the affinity (assessed from the distribution coefficient, Kd) and the extraction yield, although there was a significant inverse relation (P < 0.05) for two of the proteins, Cry1Ac and Cry2A. The proteins differ in both their affinity for soil and their extraction yields. We conclude that these insecticidal proteins will be largely immobile in soil, but that routine environmental monitoring can give only semi‐quantitative values for protein in soil.
Epilepsy, seizures, physical exercise, and sports: A report from the ILAE Task Force on Sports and Epilepsy
Authors: Capovilla Giuseppe , Kaufman Kenneth R. , Perucca Emilio , Moshé Solomon L. , Arida Ricardo M. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryPeople with epilepsy (PWEs) are often advised against participating in sports and exercise, mostly because of fear, overprotection, and ignorance about the specific benefits and risks associated with such activities. Available evidence suggests that physical exercise and active participation in sports may favorably affect seizure control, in addition to producing broader health and psychosocial benefits. This consensus paper prepared by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Task Force on Sports and Epilepsy offers general guidance concerning participation of PWEs in sport activities, and provides suggestions on the issuance of medical fitness certificates related to involvement in different sports. Sports are divided into three categories based on potential risk of injury or death should a seizure occur: group 1, sports with no significant additional risk; group 2, sports with moderate risk to PWEs, but no risk to bystanders; and group 3, sports with major risk. Factors to be considered when advising whether a PWE can participate in specific activities include the type of sport, the probability of a seizure occurring, the type and severity of the seizures, seizure precipitating factors, the usual timing of seizure occurrence, and the person's attitude in accepting some level of risk. The Task Force on Sports and Epilepsy considers this document as a work in progress to be updated as additional data become available.
The current state of epilepsy guidelines: A systematic review
Authors: Sauro Khara M. , Wiebe Samuel , Dunkley Colin , Janszky Jozsef , Kumlien Eva , Moshé Solomon , Nakasato Nobukazu , Pedley Timothy A. , Perucca Emilio , Senties Horacio , Thomas Sanjeev V. , Wang Yuping , Wilmshurst Jo , Jetté Nathalie 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjectiveThe International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Epilepsy Guidelines Task Force, composed of 14 international members, was established in 2011 to identify, using systematic review methodology, international epilepsy clinical care guidelines, assess their quality, and determine gaps in areas of need of development.MethodsA systematic review of the literature (1985–2014) was performed in six electronic databases (e.g. Medline, Embase) using a broad search strategy without initial limits to language or study design. Six gray literature databases (e.g., American Academy of Neurology [AAN], ILAE) were also searched to minimize publication bias. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts, reviewed full text articles, and performed data abstraction. Descriptive statistics and a meta‐analysis were generated.ResultsThe search identified 10,926 abstracts. Of the 410 articles selected for full text review, 63 met our eligibility criteria for a guideline. Of those included, 54 were in English and 9 were in other languages (French, Spanish, and Italian). Of all guidelines, 29% did not specify the target age groups, 27% were focused on adults, 22% included only children, and 6% specifically addressed issues related to women with epilepsy. Guidelines included in the review were most often aimed at guiding clinical practice for status epilepticus (n = 7), first seizure (n = 6), drug‐resistant epilepsy (n = 5), and febrile seizures (n = 4), among others. Most of the guidelines were therapeutic (n = 35) or diagnostic (n = 16) in nature. The quality of the guidelines using a 1–7 point scale (7 = highest) varied and was moderate overall (mean = 4.99 ± 1.05 [SD]).SignificanceWe identified substantial gaps in topics (e.g., epilepsy in the elderly) and there was considerable heterogeneity in methodologic quality. The findings should offer a valuable resource for health professionals caring for people with epilepsy, since they will help guide the prioritization, development, and dissemination of future epilepsy‐related guidelines.
Diagnostic yield of continuous video electroencephalography for paroxysmal vital sign changes in pediatric patients
Authors: Dang Louis T. , Shellhaas Renée A. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjectiveWe aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of continuous monitoring with video electroencephalography (cVEEG) for pediatric inpatients with paroxysmal vital sign changes (PVSCs), and to identify risk factors for thePVSCs being seizures, based on clinical information available beforecVEEGinitiation. We hypothesized thatPVSCs without nonautonomic symptoms (NAS) were unlikely to be seizures, and also that patients' clinical characteristics would alter the risk of recording seizures.MethodsWe performed a single‐center chart review of 324cVEEGstudies that were obtained for differential diagnosis ofPVSCs. We examined the type ofPVSCs that promptedcVEEG, associatedNAS, and patient characteristics, and whether the target events or seizures were recorded. We performed logistic regression analyses to determine which patient and semiologic features altered the risk of thePVSCs being seizures, and which patient characteristics altered the risk of recording any seizures.ResultsTargetPVSCs were recorded in 52% (N = 169). Seizures were recorded in 21% (N = 69) of the studies, often unrelated to thePVSCs (N = 39). When examining onlyPVSCs withoutNAS, only 4% (3/75) of studies obtained for apnea and 2.1% (1/48) of studies obtained for oxygen desaturation revealed the target events to be seizures. No studies recorded ictal hypertension (0/26), hypotension (0/16), or bradycardia (0/18). In univariate analysis, there was a decreased risk that the events were seizures whenPVSCs lackedNAS(odds ratio [OR] 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08–0.65). The risk was increased when the patient had received an antiseizure medication (2.9, 1.3–6.5), the targetPVSCwas apnea (3.5, 1.5–8.5), and in particular, apnea withNAS(8.7, 3.7–20.8). In adjusted analyses, only apnea with associatedNASindependently increased the risk of thePVSCs being seizures (7.7, 3.2–18.5).SignificancePVSCs in the absence ofNASare rarely due to seizures. Ideally,cVEEGshould be reserved for children with additional risk factors for seizures, beyond isolatedPVSCs.
Seizures with tonic posturing: Semiologic difference between supplementary sensorimotor area (SSMA) origin and extra‐SSMA origin
Authors: Sitthinamsuwan Bunpot , Usui Naotaka , Tottori Takayasu , Terada Kiyohito , Kondo Akihiko , Matsuda Kazumi , Baba Koichi , Inoue Yushi 
Published: December 2015

SummaryIn seizures with tonic posturing, differentiation of seizures originating in SSMA from seizures originating in cortices other than SSMA and spreading to SSMA has not been previously attempted. Twenty‐two patients were studied with intractable focal epilepsy with tonic limb posturing as the most prominent semiology, who underwent resective surgery and obtained favorable postoperative seizure outcomes. These 22 patients were divided into an SSMA group (N = 12) and an extra‐SSMA group (N = 10), according to the location of resection. Resection area in the extra‐SSMA group was located in the dorsolateral frontal or prefrontal area in four patients, the frontal operculum (insula) in two, the parietal cortex in three, and the temporoparietal cortex in one patient. Video‐recorded seizures were carefully reviewed. Tonic posturing characteristics and the presence or absence of accompanying symptoms were compared between groups. Incidence of preservation of consciousness was significantly higher in the SSMA group (p < 0.001). Patients in the SSMA group demonstrated a propensity for having unilateral or bilateral asymmetrical tonic limb posturing. In contrast, patients in the extra‐SSMA group had a statistically significantly higher incidence of bilateral symmetrical tonic limb posturing (p < 0.05). These findings may be helpful in identifying seizure origin.
Ontogeny of ABC and SLC transporters in the microvessels of developing rat brain
Authors: Soares Ricardo V. , Do Tuan M. , Mabondzo Aloïse , Pons Gérard , Chhun Stéphanie 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) is responsible for the control of solutes’ concentration in the brain. Tight junctions and multiple ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) and SoLute Carrier (SLC) efflux transporters protect brain cells from xenobiotics, therefore reducing brain exposure to intentionally administered drugs. In epilepsy, polymorphisms and overexpression of efflux transporters genes could be associated with pharmacoresistance. The ontogeny of these efflux transporters should also be addressed because their expression during development may be related to different brain exposure to antiepileptic drugs in the immature brain. We detected statistically significant higher expression of Abcb1b and Slc16a1 genes, and lower expression of Abcb1a and Abcg2 genes between the post‐natal day 14 (P14) and the adult rat microvessels. P‐gP efflux activity was also shown to be lower in P14 rats when compared with the adults. The P‐gP proteins coded by rodent genes Abcb1a and Abcb1b are known to have different substrate affinities. The role of the Abcg2 gene is less clear in pharmacoresistance in epilepsy, nonetheless the coded protein Bcrp is frequently associated with drug resistance. Finally, we observed a higher expression of the Mct1 transporter gene in the P14 rat brain microvessels. Accordingly to our results, we suppose that age may be another factor influencing brain exposure to antiepileptics as a consequence of different expression patterns of efflux transporters between the adult and immature BBB.
Different habitats within a region contain evolutionary heritage from different epochs depending on the abiotic environment
Authors: Bartish Igor V. , Ozinga Wim A. , Bartish Mark I. , Wamelink G. W. Wieger , Hennekens Stephan M. , Prinzing Andreas 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimBiodiversity hot‐spots are regions containing evolutionary heritage from ancient or recent geological epochs, i.e. evolutionary ‘museums’ or ‘cradles’, respectively. We hypothesize that: (1) there are also ‘museums’ and ‘cradles’ within regions – some species pools of particular habitat types contain angiosperm (flowering plants) lineages from ancient geological epochs, others from recent epochs; (2) habitat‐specific abiotic factors control the number of angiosperm lineages from a given epoch contained in a given habitat species pool.LocationThe flora of theNetherlands.MethodsWe studied the world's largest vegetation‐plot database and a new, uniquely resolved dated angiosperm phylogeny available for theNetherlands. We characterized species pools of habitat types by a novel concept: epoch‐specific lineage diversities.ResultsWe found that species pools of most habitat types were characterized by over‐ or underrepresentation of lineages from at least one epoch, dating back to the origin of angiosperms. These patterns are not captured by mean lineage ages. Abiotic environments explained on average 56% and up to 75% of the variance in the number of lineages per epoch, but with opposing effects of the same factor for different epochs. Specifically, warm and dry habitats tend to contain lineages dating back to warm and dry epochs. Identifying lineages from sets of random time intervals rather than from a set of geological epochs significantly reduced relationships with the environment.Main conclusionsWithin a region, habitat types differ significantly in the evolutionary heritage they contain from different geological epochs, and these differences are controlled by the environment.
Correlation between the stability of tRNA tertiary structure and the catalytic efficiency of a tRNA‐modifying enzyme, archaeal tRNA‐guanine transglycosylase
Authors: Nomura Yuichiro , Ohno Satoshi , Nishikawa Kazuya , Yokogawa Takashi 
Published: December 2015

In many archaeal tRNAs, archaeosine is found at position 15. During archaeosine biosynthesis, archaeal tRNA‐guanine transglycosylase (ArcTGT) first replaces the guanine base at position 15 with 7‐cyano‐7‐deazaguanine (preQ0). In this study, we investigated whether modified nucleosides in tRNA substrates would affect ArcTGT incorporation of preQ0. We prepared a series of hypomodified tRNAsSer(GGA) from Escherichia coli strains lacking each tRNA‐modifying enzyme. Measurement of ArcTGT kinetic parameters with the various tRNAsSer(GGA) as substrates showed that the Km decreased due to the lack of modified nucleosides. The tRNAsSer(GGA) melting profiles resulted in experimental evidence showing that each modified nucleoside in tRNASer(GGA) enhanced tRNA stability. Furthermore, the ArcTGT Km strongly correlated with the melting temperature (Tm), suggesting that the unstable tRNA containing fewer modified nucleosides served as a better ArcTGT substrate. These results show that preQ0 incorporation into tRNA by ArcTGT takes place early in the archaeal tRNA modification process.
Fatty acid profile of new promising unconventional plant oils for cosmetic use
Authors: Bialek A. , Bialek M. , Jelinska M. , Tokarz A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveOils have been used on the cosmetic application since antiquity. With the growing interest in cosmetic formulation of strictly natural origin there has been also an increased interest in the use of alternative oils obtained from nuts, herbs, fruit and vegetable seeds. Due to lack of good scientific reports on the cosmetic plant oils available in Poland, the aim of our research was to characterize fatty acids (FA) profile and oxidative quality of selected unconventional plant oils, which are used as cosmetics or potential cosmetic ingredients.MethodsOils were purchased from cosmetic health shops in Warsaw (Poland); FA profile was analysed by gas chromatography with flame‐ionization detection. Peroxide index (PI), content of hydroperoxides (PV) and free fatty acids (AV) were also determined.ResultsOxidative quality and FA composition of examined oils varied widely among analyzed oils. Cluster analysis revealed three clusters. Clusters S1 and S3 include only one oil (Perilla and sea buckthorn, respectively). Perilla oil is characterized by relatively small content of both saturated FA (8.5%) and monounsaturated FA (14.2%) and much higher amount of polyunsaturated FA (73.5%) whereas in sea buckthorn these proportions are opposite (saturated FA and monounsaturated FA – 33.5% and 51.0% respectively, and the lowest amount of polyunsaturated FA – 5.2%). In cluster S2 two sub‐clusters were distinguished and the content of linoleic (p = 0.0015), α‐linolenic (p = 0.0092) and oleic (p = 0.0015) acid caused this distinction. PI ranged from 8.9 in sea buckthorn oil to 135 in Perilla oil. Perilla oil and raspberry seed oil were also characterized by the highest PV (225 ± 14.9 mEq O/kg oil and 232 ± 13.8 mEq O/kg oil, respectively), whereas the lowest PV was determined for walnut oil (0.82 ± 0.18 mEq O/kg oil) and carrot seed oil (0.87 ± 0.21 mEq O/kg oil) oils.ConclusionFA composition of cosmetic oils in combination with data concerning their oxidative quality, is very important for determining their safe and effective use. It is very important to standardize and test the FA content in commercially available oils of cosmetic use.
Antifungal activity of five different essential oils in vapour phase for the control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae in vitro and on mango
Authors: Perumal Anand Babu , Sellamuthu Periyar Selvam , Nambiar Reshma B. , Sadiku Emmanuel Rotimi 
Published: December 2015

SummaryMango fruit has high commercial value; however, major postharvest losses are encountered throughout the supply chain due to postharvest diseases. These results lead to the search for natural fungicide for postharvest diseases control. The antifungal effects of five essential oils (thyme, clove, cinnamon, anise and vitex) were assessed by disc volatilisation method. Thyme oil vapours at 5 μL per Petriplate, and clove and cinnamon oil at 8 μL per Petriplate showed 100% growth inhibition of mango pathogens in vitro. GC/MS analysis of essential oil showed thymol (23.88), o‐cymol (23.88) and terpinolene (23.88) as the major constituents of thyme oil. Clove and cinnamon oils contain 3‐allyl‐2‐methoxyphenol (37.42%) and benzofuran 3‐methyl (17.97%), respectively. Thyme oil as a fumigant at 66.7 μL L−1 showed a significant (P < 0.05) inhibition on postharvest pathogens of mango fruits stored at 25 °C for 6 days. Results of our study suggest the possibility of using thyme oil as an alternate natural fungicide to manage postharvest diseases in mango.
A case of maternal–foetal chimerism identified during routine histocompatibility testing for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Grubic Z. , Stingl Jankovic K. , Kelecic J. , Batinic D. , Dubravcic K. , Zunec R. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThis report describes a case of maternal‐foetal chimerism identified in a boy diagnosed with SCID, who underwent HLA testing in preparation for HSCT. The first analysis was carried out on DNA from peripheral blood and included HLA‐A, HLA‐B, HLA‐DRB1 typing using PCR‐SSO. The patient's HLA‐B typing results were noninterpretable. All samples were re‐typed for HLA‐B using PCR‐SSP, again resulting in noninterpretable typing of patient's HLA‐B. In both cases, several weak positive probes/reactions interfered with the interpretation when using commercial software. Next round of HLA typing, using PCR‐SSP and PCR‐SSO methods, included the patient's bone marrow sample and HLA‐C locus, but interpretation was again not possible. The PCR‐STR analysis performed on both peripheral blood and bone marrow samples revealed seven STRs for which two maternal and one paternal allele were detected. Retrospective manual interpretation of HLA‐B and HLA‐C typing revealed that weak positive reactions were indeed owed to paternal HLA‐B and HLA‐C alleles and that the patient had both maternal and one paternal allele. Retyping of HLA‐B and HLA‐C loci and STR analysis on the patient's buccal cells sample revealed the expected one maternal/one paternal allele pattern. In summary, the combination of several different typing methods and manual interpretation were necessary to obtain the patient's HLA typing results.
News/Interview/Editorial
Authors: Olson Randy , Tarran Brian 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
MH17 report identifies “blind spot in risk assessment”. Hans Rosling on the importance of “factfulness”. Modelling the impact of malaria control. England's plastic bag tax: will it work? Rethinking the population pyramid. Statistical support for exoplanet discovery. What are the chances of World War III breaking out this century?
The Volkswagen Scandal: Deception, Driving and Deaths
Authors: Krall Jenna R. , Peng Roger D. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
News that a major car manufacturer had used “defeat devices” to cheat emissions tests led many to wonder how many deaths may have been caused by excess pollution. But as Jenna R. Krall and Roger D. Peng explain, such calculations are riddled with uncertainties