bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived economic inequality inhibits pro‐environmental engagement
Authors: Huo Rongmian , Yang Shasha , Dong Cai , Chen Sijing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe currently inhabit an era marked by increasing economic inequality. This paper delves into the repercussions of perceived economic inequality on individual‐level pro‐environmental engagement and puts forth an explanatory mechanism. Across three empirical studies encompassing an archival investigation employing a nationally representative data set (Study 1), an online survey (Study 2) and an in‐lab experiment (Study 3), we consistently unearth the inhibiting effect of perceived economic inequality on individuals' pro‐environmental involvement, whether assessed through pro‐environmental intentions or behaviours. Furthermore, our findings reveal that individuals' identification with their country elucidates these results. Specifically, perceived economic inequality diminishes individuals' national identification, encompassing their concern for the country's well‐being and their sense of shared destiny with fellow citizens, thereby curbing their pro‐environmental engagement. Additionally, we conduct a single‐paper meta‐analysis (Study 4), revealing small to moderate effect sizes for our key findings. Theoretical and practical implications stemming from these novel findings are discussed.
Evaluation of the Choroid Plexus Epithelium Inflammation TLR4/NF‐κB/NKCC1 Signal Pathway Activation in the Development of Hydrocephalus
Authors: Xu Hao , He Jiawei , Du Hua , Jing Xiaolei , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHydrocephalus is characterized by secretion, circulation, and absorption disorder of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with high morbidity and complication rate. The relationship between inflammation and abnormal secretion of CSF by choroid plexus epithelium (CPE) had received more attention. In this study, we aim to detect the role of Toll‐like receptor 4/nuclear factor‐kappa B/Na+/K+/2Cl‐cotransporter 1(TLR4/NF‐κB/NKCC1) signal pathway in the development of hydrocephalus.MethodHydrocephalus was induced in adult rats (8 weeks) by intracisternal kaolin injection, then pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) and bumetanide were administrated to the rats mode. Then the rat model was evaluated, and ventricular volume was calculated at different time points. Then CPE, cortex, preventricular tissue, and CSF were obtained. Protein expressions of TLR‐4, NKCC/serine–threonine STE20/SPS1‐related, proline‐alanine‐rich kinase (SPAK), pNKCC1, pSPAK, GFAP, AQP1, and AQP4 were measured by RT‐PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence (IF) stains in CPE, respectively.ResultOur data showed that inflammation factors tumor necrosis factor‐(TNF‐α), interleukin 18(IL‐18), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) concentrations were significantly higher in the model group than in controls. The TLR4/NF‐κB/NKCC1 signal pathway were actived by NF‐κB‐p65, NKCC1, pNKCC1‐ pSPAK complex, and Aquaporin1 (AQP1) high expression. PDTC and bumetanide use can help regular TLR4/NF‐κB/NKCC1 expression and reduced AQP1 expression by down‐regulate NF‐B‐p65 and inhibiting NKCC1, respectively. As a result, the treatment groups alleviated CPE abnormal secretion and ventricle enlargement.ConclusionThese results confirmed that the inflammatory reaction contributes TLR4/NF‐κB/NKCC1 mediated CPE abnormal secretion and consequent hydrocephalus. Regulation of TLR4/NF‐κB/NKCC1 and AQP1 can prevent this process. Our study provides a strong rationale for further exploring alleviating CPE abnormal secretion as a therapeutic perspective of hydrocephalus.
Politics of local fiscal discipline with vertical fiscal imbalance
Authors: Obeng Samuel K. , Aazam Layal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe examine the political conditions mediating the effect of vertical fiscal imbalance (VFI) on local government fiscal discipline in Ghana. Based on a panel dataset of 216 local governments in Ghana over the period 1994–2018, we adopt both a static and dynamic approach, in addition to a regression discontinuity design. From the results, while alignment may give “free pass,” local governments could leverage same for effective tax efforts. Further, the benefits of lower political competition may reduce where local governments place reliance on central government grants. There is consistent evidence of a negative effect of VFI on fiscal discipline.
Call for Your Life: Acoustic Structure and Age‐Sex Differences in Distress Calls of Red‐Necked Nightjars
Authors: Sierro Javier , Gil Diego , Sáez‐Gómez Pedro , Hidalgo‐Rodríguez Paula , Rabadán‐González Julio , Camacho Carlos 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPredatory interactions result in strong selection pressures acting on multiple aspects of animal behaviour. Anti‐predator strategies are therefore common in most animals, typically signalling at various stages of a predation event. Many species of caprimulgids perform conspicuous anti‐predator displays, including stereotyped behaviours and vocal signals. Here, we described distress calls of red‐necked nightjars (Caprimulgus ruficollis), produced when birds are trapped and unable to escape during a predatory interaction. Distress calls are harsh, low‐frequency guttural vocalisations with irregular amplitude modulations. The age and sex of birds partially explained the acoustic variation observed, whereas size‐related morphological features were poor predictors of the acoustic structure. Age‐sex differences in distress calls may respond to physiological constraints associated with sexual dimorphism and/or developmental variation. Alternatively, directional selection associated with differential predation risk on each age‐sex class may have resulted in the observed differences in distress calls. The extremely deep voice and the harsh quality of distress calls fit the structure of aggressive signals and may resemble those produced by a larger animal. We propose that these calls serve as a last resort strategy to reduce post‐encounter risk of predation, either as a startling effect to facilitate escape or to attract other predators that could intimidate the captor.
The Relevance of Flash Coloration Against Avian Predation in a Morpho Butterfly: A Field Experiment in a Tropical Rainforest
Authors: Vieira‐Silva Aline , Evora Gabriel B. , Freitas André V. L. , Oliveira Paulo S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe flash coloration hypothesis postulates that otherwise cryptically colored animals suddenly displaying conspicuous colors during movement confuse predators, reducing capture. Morpho helenor butterflies have contrasting colors on dorsal (iridescent blue) and ventral (brown) wing surfaces, resulting in sequential blue “flashes” during flight. We tested whether this flashing pattern reduces avian predation on M. helenor in Atlantic rainforest by changing the flashing effect in three experiments. In Experiment 1, we added a blue band to the ventral wing. In Experiment 2, we covered the dorsal wing's blue band with a brown band. Control groups in each experiment were painted such that wing color patterns remained unaltered. Survivorship was evaluated through mark‐recapture censuses and beak marks on the wings. Results show that survivorship of treated butterflies in Experiment 1 decrease markedly compared to unaltered control individuals, while survivorship of treated butterflies in Experiment 2 did not differ compared to control individuals. In Experiment 3, we detected scant predation on treated (blue band added to ventral wing) and control butterflies (brown band added to ventral wing) on the forest floor (wings closed), corroborating that flash coloration is an important protective mechanism during flight. Our field experiments provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that flash coloration in bright blue Morpho butterflies is an effective defense mechanism against avian predators in a tropical rainforest.
Estimating the Importance of Viral Contributions to Soil Carbon Dynamics
Authors: Zimmerman Amy E. , Graham Emily B. , McDermott Jason , Hofmockel Kirsten S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBiogeochemical models for predicting carbon dynamics increasingly include microbial processes, reflecting the importance of microorganisms in regulating the movement of carbon between soils and the atmosphere. Soil viruses can redirect carbon among various chemical pools, indicating a need for quantification and development soil carbon models that explicitly represent viral dynamics. In this opinion, we derive a global estimate of carbon potentially released from microbial biomass by viral infections in soils and synthesize a quantitative soil carbon budget from existing literature that explicitly includes viral impacts. We then adapt known mechanisms by which viruses influence carbon cycles in marine ecosystems into a soil‐explicit framework. Finally, we explore the diversity of virus–host interactions during infection and conceptualize how infection mode may impact soil carbon fate. Our synthesis highlights key knowledge gaps hindering the incorporation of viruses into soil carbon cycling research and generates specific hypotheses to test in the pursuit of better quantifying microbial dynamics that explain ecosystem‐scale carbon fluxes. The importance of identifying critical drivers behind soil carbon dynamics, including these elusive but likely pervasive viral mechanisms of carbon redistribution, becomes more pressing with climate change.
A Dirt(y) World in a Changing Climate: Importance of Heat Stress in the Risk Assessment of Pesticides for Soil Arthropods
Authors: Wehrli Micha , Slotsbo Stine , Fomsgaard Inge S. , Laursen Bente B. , Gröning Jonas , Liess Matthias , Holmstrup Martin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe rise in global temperatures and increasing severity of heat waves pose significant threats to soil organisms, disrupting ecological balances in soil communities. Additionally, the implications of environmental pollution are exacerbated in a warmer world, as changes in temperature affect the uptake, transformation and elimination of toxicants, thereby increasing the vulnerability of organisms. Nevertheless, our understanding of such processes remains largely unexplored. The present study examines the impact of high temperatures on the uptake and effects of the fungicide fluazinam on the springtail Folsomia candida (Collembola, Isotomidae). Conducted under non‐optimum but realistic high temperatures, the experiments revealed that increased temperature hampered detoxification processes in F. candida, enhancing the toxic effects of fluazinam. High temperatures and the fungicide exerted synergistic interactions, reducing F. candida's reproduction and increasing adult mortality beyond what would be predicted by simple addition of the heat and chemical effects. These findings highlight the need to reevaluate the current ecological risk assessment and the regulatory framework in response to climate changes. This research enhances our understanding of how global warming affects the toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics (TK‐TD) of chemicals in terrestrial invertebrates. In conclusion, our results suggest that adjustments to regulatory threshold values are necessary to address the impact of a changing climate.
Coral Community Composition Linked to Hypoxia Exposure
Authors: Lucey Noelle M. , César‐Ávila Carolina , Eckert Alaina , Rajagopalan Anushka , Brister William C. , Kline Esme , Altieri Andrew H. , Deutsch Curtis A. , Collin Rachel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTropical reef ecosystems are strongly influenced by the composition of coral species, but the factors influencing coral diversity and distributions are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that large variations in the relative abundance of three major coral species across adjacent Caribbean reef sites are strongly related to their different low O2 tolerances. In laboratory experiments designed to mimic reef conditions, the cumulative effect of repeated nightly low O2 drove coral bleaching and mortality, with limited modulation by temperature. After four nights of repeated low O2, species responses also varied widely, from > 50% bleaching in Acropora cervicornis to no discernable sensitivity of Porites furcata. A simple metric of hypoxic pressure that combines these experimentally derived species sensitivities with high‐resolution field data accurately predicts the observed relative abundance of species across three reefs. Only the well‐oxygenated reef supported the framework‐building hypoxia‐sensitive Acropora cervicornis, while the hypoxia‐tolerant weedy species Porites furcata was dominant on the most frequently O2‐deplete reef. Physiological exclusion of acroporids from these O2‐deplete reefs underscores the need for hypoxia management to reduce extirpation risk.
Tackling Inequalities in Access to Medicines for People Experiencing Homelessness: A Meta‐Ethnography and Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Begum Tasnim , Murrell Kylie , Robinson‐Barella Anna 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionDespite increased awareness of the detrimental relationship between homelessness and health, people experiencing homelessness remain an underserved population in health and social care research. Due to barriers affecting the accessibility of medicine and healthcare services, as well as reported competing priorities such as food and shelter, evidence has demonstrated that people experiencing homelessness are less likely to undergo routine examinations, receive diagnoses and adhere to prescribed medical treatments. To enhance service design and access for those experiencing homelessness, it is critical to better recognise, understand and address the barriers these individuals face. This meta‐ethnography aims to identify barriers, enablers and interventions to begin addressing this inequality gap.MethodsA systematic literature search was undertaken in October and re‐ran in December 2023 across four databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus. Qualitative studies were included if they addressed barriers, enablers and interventions aimed at tackling medicines and health service inequalities among populations experiencing homelessness. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Data were synthesised using a meta‐ethnographic approach, as outlined by Noblit and Hare. The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024511502) and performed according to PRISMA guidelines.ResultsThis meta‐ethnographic systematic review synthesised data from eight studies across multiple countries. Three overarching third‐order constructs (termed ‘themes’) were developed through reciprocal translation and centred around: recognising and acknowledging the discrimination, stigma and barriers experienced when using current services; exploring safe and practical use of medicines and the promotion of general health education and appreciating strategies to tackle inequalities, namely community outreach programmes designed for homeless communities.ConclusionThis work highlighted the barriers, enablers and interventions that sought to address the inequalities affecting people experiencing homelessness in accessing medication and healthcare services. Future research should utilise lived‐experience narratives and co‐design to further explore ways to tackle wider healthcare accessibility inequalities for this minoritised population.Trial RegistrationNot applicable, as this is a systematic review.Patient or Public ContributionPublic contributors (minority research champions and one public health research champion, H.K.G. and T.G.) informed and shaped this project during study design and conceptualisation. They helped to ensure that the study was conducted, and the findings were reported with sensitivity.
The Management of Periodontally Diseased Individuals—A Registry‐Based Study on a Swedish Population
Authors: Alian Anna Y. , Liss Anna , Tomasi Cristiano , Abrahamsson Ingemar , Abrahamsson Kajsa H. , Welander Maria 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis registry‐based study aimed to describe cross‐sectional dental and demographic data with focus on diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease. A second aim was to analyse the extent and content of performed periodontal treatment in patients with varying degrees of periodontitis and if treatment was provided on equal terms. An additional aim was to identify if possible differences in treatments were related to type of dental insurance system.MethodsA study population, 225,913 individuals ≥ 20 years living in the Region of Västra Götaland, was identified by the Swedish Quality Registry for Caries and Periodontal Diseases (SKaPa). Registry data were retrieved for the period 2010–2012. Logistic regression models were used to predict the probability of receiving periodontal interventions and access to fixed annual fees.ResultsAmong the study population, 17% had periodontal disease (≥ 4 teeth with periodontal pockets ≥ 4 mm) and constituted the final study sample. The probability of periodontal intervention increased with severity of periodontitis, in moderate (OR = 2.3) and severe cases (OR = 5.2) compared to the group with minor disease (p < 0.001). Severe periodontitis was associated with male gender, increasing age and smoking. About 30% of the individuals remained untreated over the 3‐year period. Individuals with fee‐for‐service were more likely to receive periodontal intervention than individuals with fixed annual fees (OR = 1.7; p < 0.001).ConclusionSevere periodontitis and being in the fee‐for‐service system were associated with more periodontal interventions. However, one‐third of the study subjects remained untreated. These findings indicate the need for improved care on equal terms for patients with periodontal disease.
A head‐to‐head comparison of situational judgment tests and assessment centers for measuring and predicting the same performance dimensions
Authors: Shakeri Iman , Lievens Filip 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo date, a limited set of studies have compared the criterion‐related validity of low‐fidelity (SJT) versus high‐fidelity (AC) simulations for predicting job performance. Unfortunately, these studies validated these simulations through the overall assessment rating (OAR) instead of on the basis of specific dimensions. Given SJTs and ACs were compared that measured different dimensions, our understanding of the relative and comparative validity of these assessment approaches in measuring the same set of dimensions is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a head‐to‐head comparison of the criterion‐related validity of the AC and the SJT (and their incremental validity) while keeping the performance dimensions under investigation constant. Data were collected from 406 applicants for supervisory and management positions in a large Iranian steel industry company. In this process, a general mental ability test, a personality inventory, an SJT, and an AC were used as predictors, and supervisory ratings of job performance dimensions (Thinking, Feeling, and Power) served as criteria. The AC had relatively high validity for all three dimensions, whereas the SJT had a similar validity only for the Thinking dimension. So, the SJT was significantly weaker in assessing the Feeling and Power dimensions. These results were confirmed by incremental validity analyses. Overall, this study shows that understanding the relationships between predictor and criterion dimensions plays a critical role in developing valid selection systems.
An ideology of deserving: A historical analysis of the United States' immigration policies governing forced migration and social welfare
Authors: Bervik Alexander , Ferris Anna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLegislation governs both the admittance and treatment of forced migrants in the United States. Increasingly, many forced migrants are offered few welfare benefits, temporary protection, and no pathway to permanent residency. This paper explores forced migrants' legal categories and access to social welfare, focusing on five humanitarian protection statuses: Temporary Protected Status, Humanitarian Parole, Asylum Seeker, Refugee, and Asylee. Based on the concepts of welfare nationalism and the Protestant Work Ethic, our historical analysis examines the Welfare Reform Act of 1996 to see how this landmark legislation shaped access to welfare for noncitizens. We then focus on the emergence of humanitarian statuses since the 1950s and the legislation that constructed them. We conclude that immigration legislation governing forced migrants underlies an ideology of deserving, where some are treated as more meritorious than others. Thus, we call for welfare scholars to elevate immigration status as a key category in their research.
How have breeders adapted rice flowering to the growing region?
Authors: Kobayashi Asako , Suganami Mao , Yoshida Hideki , Morinaka Yoichi , Watanabe Syuto , Machida Yoshie , Chaya Genki , Nakaoka Fumihiro , Sato Nobuhito , Miura Kotaro , Matsuoka Makoto 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTFlowering time is a crucial rice trait that influences its adaptation to various environments, cropping schedules, and agronomic characteristics. Rice breeders have exploited spontaneous mutations in heading date genes to regulate the flowering time. In the present study, we investigated how breeders in Fukui Prefecture regulated days to heading while developing promising rice varieties. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) identified Hd1, Hd16, and Hd18 as the major genes controlling days to heading in the population. However, we suspected that this highly bred population might exhibit genomic stratification, which could lead to spurious or false correlations in the GWAS. Thus, we also conducted correlation and partial correlation analyses, which uncovered another key heading date gene, Hd17, that GWAS failed to detect because of its linkage disequilibrium with the major effect gene Hd16. Examination of haplotype frequencies across different breeding periods revealed that the early‐heading Hd16 (Hd16(E)) and late‐heading Hd17 (Hd17(L)) were increasingly co‐selected in the Hd1 functional population. Varieties carrying this Hd16(E)/Hd17(L) combination exhibited days to heading in the range of 70–80, which corresponds to the peak temperature and sunshine period and is also optimal for grain quality and yield components in the Fukui environment. The present study highlights that it is imperative to remain vigilant for Type I (false positives) and Type II (false negatives) errors when performing GWAS on highly bred populations and to implement appropriate countermeasures by accounting for gene‐by‐gene interactions established through the breeding process. We also discuss the effectiveness of Hd16(E), which is not used outside Japan for subtle days to heading control but is widely used in Japan at certain latitudes.