bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of silicone rubber and low-density polyethylene diffusion and polymer/water partition coefficients for emerging contaminants
Authors: Pintado-Herrera Marina G. , Lara-Martín Pablo A. , González-Mazo Eduardo , Allan Ian J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

There is a growing interest in assessing the concentration and distribution of new nonregulated organic compounds (emerging contaminants) in the environment. The measurement of freely dissolved concentrations using conventional approaches is challenging because of the low concentrations that may be encountered and their temporally variable emissions. Absorption-based passive sampling enables the estimation of freely dissolved concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants of emerging concern in water. In the present study, calibration was undertaken for 2 polymers, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and silicone rubber for 11 fragrances, 5 endocrine-disrupting compounds, 7 ultraviolet (UV) filters, and 8 organophosphate flame retardant compounds. Batch experiments were performed to estimate contaminant diffusion coefficients in the polymers (Dp), which in general decreased with increasing molecular weight. The values for fragrances, endocrine-disrupting compounds, and UV filters were in ranges similar to those previously reported for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but were 1 order of magnitude lower for organophosphate flame retardant compounds. Silicone rubber had higher Dp values than LDPE and was therefore selected for further experiments to calculate polymer/water partition coefficients (KPW). The authors observed a positive correlation between log KPW and log octanol/water partition coefficient values. Field testing of silicone rubber passive samplers was undertaken though exposure in the River Alna (Norway) for an exposure time of 21 d to estimate freely dissolved concentration. Some fragrances and UV filters were predominant over other emerging and regulated contaminants, at levels up to 1600 ng L−1 for galaxolide and 448 ng L−1 for octocrylene. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2162–2172. © 2016 SETAC
Dilation‐based shock capturing for high‐order methods
Authors: Moro David , Nguyen Ngoc Cuong , Peraire Jaime 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we introduce a shock‐capturing artificial viscosity technique for high‐order unstructured mesh methods. This artificial viscosity model is based on a non‐dimensional form of the divergence of the velocity. The technique is an extension and improvement of the dilation‐based artificial viscosity methods introduced in Premasuthan et al., and further extended in Nguyen and Peraire . The approach presented has a number attractive properties including non‐dimensional analytical form, sub‐cell resolution, and robustness for complex shock flows on anisotropic meshes. We present extensive numerical results to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural MRI correlates of cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Preziosa Paolo , Rocca Maria A. , Pagani Elisabetta , Stromillo Maria Laura , Enzinger Christian , Gallo Antonio , Hulst Hanneke E. , Atzori Matteo , Pareto Deborah , Riccitelli Gianna C. , Copetti Massimiliano , De Stefano Nicola , Fazekas Franz , Bisecco Alvino , Barkhof Frederik , Yousry Tarek A. , Arévalo Maria J. , Filippi Massimo ,   and the MAGNIMS Study Group
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn a multicenter setting, we applied voxel‐based methods to different structural MR imaging modalities to define the relative contributions of focal lesions, normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM), and gray matter (GM) damage and their regional distribution to cognitive deficits as well as impairment of specific cognitive domains in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Approval of the institutional review boards was obtained, together with written informed consent from all participants. Standardized neuropsychological assessment and conventional, diffusion tensor and volumetric brain MRI sequences were collected from 61 relapsing‐remitting MS patients and 61 healthy controls (HC) from seven centers. Patients with ≥2 abnormal tests were considered cognitively impaired (CI). The distribution of focal lesions, GM and WM atrophy, and microstructural WM damage were assessed using voxel‐wise approaches. A random forest analysis identified the best imaging predictors of global cognitive impairment and deficits of specific cognitive domains. Twenty‐three (38%) MS patients were CI. Compared with cognitively preserved (CP), CI MS patients had GM atrophy of the left thalamus, right hippocampus and parietal regions. They also showed atrophy of several WM tracts, mainly located in posterior brain regions and widespread WM diffusivity abnormalities. WM diffusivity abnormalities in cognitive‐relevant WM tracts followed by atrophy of cognitive‐relevant GM regions explained global cognitive impairment. Variable patterns of NAWM and GM damage were associated with deficits in selected cognitive domains. Structural, multiparametric, voxel‐wise MRI approaches are feasible in a multicenter setting. The combination of different imaging modalities is needed to assess and monitor cognitive impairment in MS. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1627‐1644, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Rysman Bénédicte , Mouawad François , Gros Abigaëlle , Lansiaux Amélie , Chevalier Dominique , Meignan Samuel 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family. The main characteristic of HER3 is that it does not possess tyrosine kinase activity, unlike other HERs. The role of HER3 in tumorigenesis has now been recognized, particularly in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Despite conflicting studies, HER3 was found to be overexpressed in HNSCC samples, and correlates with disease progression and poor survival, especially when it is coexpressed with other HERs. HER3 is a significant factor in HNSCC treatment resistance. Indeed, HER3 is a major mechanism described for cetuximab resistance because of modification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) internalization and by phosphotidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway activation. HER3 also affects resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and thereby promotes treatment escape and radiotherapy resistance by activation of the survival signaling pathway. To counteract this, pharmacologic inhibitors of HER3 are currently in development and could significantly improve HNSCC treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2412–E2418, 2016
Abducens ocular neuromyotonia as a delayed complication of oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with radiation
Authors: Sychev Yevgeniy V. , McInnis Colin P. , Francis Courtney E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundOcular neuromyotonia (ONM) is a disorder characterized by periodic involuntary extraocular muscle contraction that occurs almost exclusively in the setting of prior radiation to the sella or skull base. We present the first case of abducens neuromyotonia associated with oropharyngeal carcinoma.Methods and ResultsWe report a case of a 63‐year‐old patient with abducens ONM occurring 16 years after radiation treatment for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. A literature review was performed using Medline and PubMed databases to search for all documented cases of abducens neuromyotonia. Our review found 20 cases of abducens neuromyotonia but none after radiotherapy (RT) to the oropharynx.ConclusionAbducens ONM can occur because of disease at anatomic locations remote from the course of the sixth cranial nerve, most likely because of the irradiated area exceeding the intended field. Our case also supports the fact that RT can significantly precede symptom onset. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2428–E2431, 2016
Urban base flow with low impact development
Authors: Bhaskar Aditi S. , Hogan Dianna M. , Archfield Stacey A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA novel form of urbanization, low impact development (LID), aims to engineer systems that replicate natural hydrologic functioning, in part by infiltrating stormwater close to the impervious surfaces that generate it. We sought to statistically evaluate changes in a base flow regime because of urbanization with LID, specifically changes in base flow magnitude, seasonality, and rate of change. We used a case study watershed in Clarksburg, Maryland, in which streamflow was monitored during whole‐watershed urbanization from forest and agricultural to suburban residential development using LID. The 1.11‐km2 watershed contains 73 infiltration‐focused stormwater facilities, including bioretention facilities, dry wells, and dry swales. We examined annual and monthly flow during and after urbanization (2004–2014) and compared alterations to nearby forested and urban control watersheds. We show that total streamflow and base flow increased in the LID watershed during urbanization as compared with control watersheds. The LID watershed had more gradual storm recessions after urbanization and attenuated seasonality in base flow. These flow regime changes may be because of a reduction in evapotranspiration because of the overall decrease in vegetative cover with urbanization and the increase in point sources of recharge. Precipitation that may once have infiltrated soil, been stored in soil moisture to be eventually transpired in a forested landscape, may now be recharged and become base flow. The transfer of evapotranspiration to base flow is an unintended consequence to the water balance of LID. © 2016 The Authors Hydrological Processes Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Polyampholyte‐ and nanosilicate‐based soft bionanocomposites with tailorable mechanical and cell adhesion properties
Authors: Jain Minkle , Matsumura Kazuaki 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEngineered tissues are excellent substitutes for treating organ failure associated with disease, injury, and degeneration. Designing new biomaterials with controlled release profiles, good mechanical properties, and cell adhesion characteristics can be useful for the formation of specific functional tissues. Here, we report the formulation of nanocomposite hydrogels based on carboxylated poly‐l‐lysine and synthetic clay laponite XLG in which four‐arm polyethylene glycol with N‐hydroxy succinimide ester (PEG‐NHS) was used as the chemical crosslinker. Interestingly, the degradation of this gel could be adjusted from a few days to a few months. Incorporation of laponite XLG resulted in the formation of mechanically tough hydrogels and conferred cytocompatibility. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposite could be modulated by changing the crosslinking density and laponite concentration. The feasibility of using this system for cellular therapies was investigated by evaluating cell adhesion on the nanocomposite surface. Thus, these nanocomposites can serve as scaffolds with tunable mechanical and degradation properties that also provide structural integrity to tissue constructs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1379–1386, 2016.
Layer‐by‐layer coating of textile with two oppositely charged cyclodextrin polyelectrolytes for extended drug delivery
Authors: Junthip Jatupol , Tabary Nicolas , Chai Feng , Leclercq Laurent , Maton Mickael , Cazaux Frederic , Neut Christel , Paccou Laurent , Guinet Yannick , Staelens Jean‐Noel , Bria Marc , Landy David , Hédoux Alain , Blanchemain Nicolas , Martel Bernard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe coating of a nonwoven textile by polyelectrolyte multilayer film (PEM) issued from cationic and anionic β‐cyclodextrin (βCD) polyelectrolytes according to the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) technique was successfully attempted. The tert‐butyl benzoic acid (TBBA) was used as drug model to evaluate the loading capacity and sustained release properties of this PEM system. The build‐up of the multilayer assembly was monitored in situ by optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS) on the one hand, and was assessed by gravimetry on the other hand when applied onto the textile substrate. In parallel, the complexation study of TBBA with both CD polyelectrolytes was also investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The influence of thermal crosslinking of the multilayered coating on its stability and on TBBA release kinetics in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37°C was studied. Finally, biological and microbiological tests were performed to investigate the cytocompatibility and the intrisic antibacterial activity of multilayer assemblies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1408–1424, 2016.
A Randomized Trial Evaluating Various Administration Routes of Natalizumab in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Plavina Tatiana , Fox Edward J. , Lucas Nisha , Muralidharan Kumar Kandadi , Mikol Daniel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe study's primary objective was to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of single subcutaneous (SC) or intramuscular (IM) 300‐mg doses of natalizumab with IV 300‐mg doses of natalizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Secondary objectives included investigation of the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of repeated SC and IM natalizumab doses. DELIVER was a 32‐week, open‐label, multicenter study of natalizumab‐naive patients with relapsing‐remitting MS (RRMS) or secondary progressive MS (SPMS) randomized to receive 300 mg natalizumab by SC injection, IM injection, or IV infusion. PK and PD were evaluated over 8 weeks after the first natalizumab treatment (Part 1) and over 24 weeks with repeated dosing every 4 weeks, beginning at week 8 (Part 2). Seventy‐six patients (24 with RRMS and 52 with SPMS) were enrolled in DELIVER. Following SC or IM administration of natalizumab, peak serum concentrations were approximately 40% of those observed with IV administration and showed no major differences in elimination characteristics. Mean bioavailability relative to IV administration was 57.1% to 71.3% with SC administration and 48.7% with IM administration; mean trough serum concentrations were similar with SC or IV administration and lower with IM administration. Following single or multiple doses of natalizumab, PD response was comparable across administration routes and disease stages. No meaningful differences were observed across administration groups in the incidence or nature of overall adverse events, serious adverse events, administration site reactions, hypersensitivity reactions, or antinatalizumab antibodies. These findings support the comparability of PD measures of natalizumab administered IV, SC, or IM.
The effect of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound on bone‐tendon junction healing: Initiating after inflammation stage
Authors: Lu Hongbin , Liu Feifei , Chen Huabin , Chen Can , Qu Jin , Xu Daqi , Zhang Tao , Zhou Jingyong , Hu Jianzhong 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to explore the effect of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) treatment initiating after inflammation stage on the process of bone‐tendon junction (BTJ) healing in a rabbit model. Thirty‐six rabbits undergoing partial patellectomy were randomly divided into two groups: control and LIPUS. The period of initial inflammatory stage is 2 weeks. So LIPUS treatment was initiated at postoperative week 2 and continued until the patella‐patellar tendon (PPT) complexes were harvested at postoperative weeks 4, 8, and 16. At each time point, the PPT complexes were harvested for qRT‐PCR, histology, radiographs, synchroton radiation micro computed tomography (SR‐µCT), and biomechanical testing. The qRT‐PCR results showed that LIPUS treatment beginning at postoperative week 2 played an anti‐inflammatory role in BTJ healing. Histologically, the LIPUS group showed more advanced remodeling of the lamellar bone and marrow cavity than the control group. The area and length of the new bone in the LIPUS group were significantly greater than the control group at postoperative weeks 8 and 16. SR‐µCT demonstrated that new bone formation and remodeling in the LIPUS group were more advanced than the control group. Biomechanical test results demonstrated that the failure load, ultimate strength and energy at failure were significantly higher than those of the control group. In conclusion, LIPUS treatment beginning at postoperative week 2 was able to accelerate bone formation during the bone‐tendon junction healing process and significantly improved the healing quality of BTJ injury. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society.
Evolution of Chain Microstructure and Kinetics of Reaching Equilibrium in Living Reversible Copolymerization
Authors: Szymanski Ryszard , Sosnowski Stanislaw , Cypryk Marek 
Published: February 2016

Theoretical considerations and Monte Carlo simulations have proved that the microstructure of copolymer chains in living reversible copolymerization can be effectively described by the first‐order Markov chain process only when the system space of this process reaches chain lengths above the number‐average degree of polymerization (DPn). The time scale of equilibration depends mostly on DPn of the product, rate constants of depropagation, as well as on the equilibrium microstructure of copolymer. During the process, evolution encompasses, besides the chain‐length distribution like in homopolymerization, also the chain microstructure. The kinetically determined microstructure (gradient, alternate, etc.) observed in the first stage of copolymerization is related to reactivity ratios. It evolves into the equilibrium microstructure, determined exclusively by the equilibrium constants and initial conditions. Discussion of this evolution together with the statistical description of the reversible binary copolymerization systems at various stages of equilibration is given.
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Advanced Monte Carlo Modeling Using Weight‐Based Selection of Arborescent Polyisobutylene Molecules in a Batch Reactor
Authors: Zhao Yutian R. , McAuley Kimberley B. , Iedema Piet D. , Puskas Judit E. 
Published: February 2016

An advanced Monte Carlo (MC) method is developed, using weight‐based selection of polymer chains, to predict the molecular weight distribution (MWD) and branching level for arborescent polyisobutylene (arbPIB) at the end of a batch reaction. This new weight‐based MC method uses differential equations and random numbers to determine the detailed structure of arbPIB molecules. Results agree with those from an advanced number‐based MC method. The proposed weight‐based algorithm requires approximately twice the computation time of the number‐based method, but produces more accurate results in the high‐molecular‐weight portion of the MWD when the same number of polymer chains is assembled.
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Universality in Branching Frequencies and Molecular Dimensions during Hyperbranched Polymer Formation: 2. Step Polymerization of AB2 Type Monomer with Different Reactivity for the Second B Group
Authors: Tobita Hidetaka 
Published: February 2016

Hyperbranched polymer formation during step polymerization of AB2 type monomer with different reactivity for the second B group is investigated to find the following universal characteristics that are invariant during the whole course of polymerization: (1) The degree of branching (DB) at large degree of polymerization (P) limit, , and (2) the mean square radius of gyration for the unperturbed chains having the same P. The value of and the universal curve for change with the reactivity ratio of two B groups; however, the universal power law holds for large polymers, irrespective of the magnitude of reactivity ratio. The exponent, 0.5, is the same as that for the random branched polymers. Similarities and differences in comparison with random branched polymer formation are discussed.
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Analysis of fluid movement in skeletal muscle using fluorescent microspheres
Authors: Evertz Loribeth Q. , Greising Sarah M. , Morrow Duane A. , Sieck Gary C. , Kaufman Kenton R. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionRegional variability in interstitial fluid pressure confounds use of intramuscular pressure measurement to assess muscle force. It is hypothesized that interstitial flow is dependent on intramuscular pressure. The goal of this study was to assess the feasibility of using fluorescent microspheres to evaluate movement of interstitial fluid in skeletal muscle.MethodsTwo diameters of fluorescent microspheres were injected into the rat tibialis anterior during both static (n = 6) and passively lengthened (10% strain) experimental conditions (n = 6). Microsphere dispersion was evaluated using confocal imaging of transverse muscle sections.ResultsFluorescent microspheres tracked interstitial fluid while not penetrating the muscle fiber. When compared with the static condition, significantly greater dispersion (P = 0.003) was seen with passively lengthened conditions (17 ± 9% vs. 31 ± 7%, respectively). Dispersion did not differ for the 2 microsphere sizes (P = 0.811).ConclusionsFluorescent microspheres track movement of interstitial fluid, and dispersion is dependent on passive lengthening. Muscle Nerve 54: 444–450, 2016
A Cartesian parametrization for the numerical analysis of material instability
Authors: Mota A. , Chen Q. , Foulk J.W. , Ostien J.T. , Lai Z. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryWe examine four parametrizations of the unit sphere in the context of material stability analysis by means of the singularity of the acoustic tensor. We then propose a Cartesian parametrization for vectors that lie a cube of side length two and use these vectors in lieu of unit normals to test for the loss of the ellipticity condition. This parametrization is then used to construct a tensor akin to the acoustic tensor. It is shown that both of these tensors become singular at the same time and in the same planes in the presence of a material instability. The performance of the Cartesian parametrization is compared against the other parametrizations, with the results of these comparisons showing that in general, the Cartesian parametrization is more robust and more numerically efficient than the others. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.