bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routine radiographs at time of pin removal after closed reduction and percutaneous pinning for type 2 supracondylar humerus fractures do not change management: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Garg Sumeet , Bloch Nikki , Cyr Micaela , Carry Patrick 
Published: June 2016

Purpose Radiographs are usually taken on day of pin removal for children treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) of type 2 supracondylar humerus fractures. The purpose of this study was to determine whether radiographs taken at time of pin removal for patients recovering uneventfully alter management. Methods After IRB approval, billing records identified 1213 patients aged 1–10 years who underwent elbow surgery between 2007 and 2013 at our institution for a supracondylar humerus fracture. Of these patients, 389 met inclusion criteria. Clinical charts were reviewed for demographics, operative details, and clinical follow-up, focusing on clinical symptoms present at pin removal. Radiographs taken at time of pin removal and subsequent visits were assessed for healing and fracture alignment. Results In no case was pin removal delayed based on radiographs. One hundred and nineteen (31 %) patients had radiographs taken following pin removal; in no case was loss of reduction found among these patients. No cases of neurologic or vascular injury, re-fracture, or loss of reduction occurred. Infection occurred in 12 patients (3 %). Pins were kept in place for 23.8 ± 4.4 days. Eighty-six patients (22 %) had additional intervention after pin removal (cast application in all cases). Of 389 patients, 75 (19 %) had no documented reason for extended casting, four (1 %) were extended based on physician evaluation of radiographs, and seven (2 %) were extended for other reasons. Conclusions Elimination of radiographs at time of pin removal should be considered. If continuing to obtain radiographs at pin removal, we recommend removing pins before taking radiographs to reduce patient fear and anxiety from visualizing percutaneous pins.
Zukunft der deutschen Energiegenossenschaften
Authors: Klagge Britta , Schmole Hanna , Seidl Irmi , Schön Susanne 
Published: June 2016

Energy co-operatives have played an important role in the development of decentralized renewable electricity production in Germany in the new millennium. They collect capital from individuals and thus open up another source of funding to promote the ”Energiewende“ in Germany. Their regional orientation and the co-operative participation model are regarded as success factors which help to increase local acceptance. With the amendment of the German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) in 2014, the so far very favorable funding conditions gradually fall away, which were central to the business models of many, especially regional energy co-operatives. The boom phase of energy co-operatives has thus come to an end and the increasing market orientation of support policies requires adaptations and innovations. Against this background the paper explores energy cooperatives and their development from an innovation perspective. It specifically asks how they need to position, if they are to make a significant contribution to a decentralized energy transition in the future.
In the empirical part of this paper, we examine the structures and developments in the German energy co-operative sector based on existing data and an online survey, with a focus on energy cooperatives of different sizes and geographical orientation, complemented by an analysis of two case studies. We conclude that economies of scale and geographical diversification can offer benefits, but that there are also promising development opportunities for regional energy co-operatives. Diversification of business fields, which can include not only energy-related services, but also other local general interest services, as well as cooperation at the regional level and with other energy co-operatives and their umbrella associations, could be starting points for successful regional strategies. In general, direct marketing can become a potentially important element of innovative development of business models, because – in accordance with the co-operative core principles of member orientation and the principle of identity – it links the focus on specific target groups with a regional or ideological surplus value.
Evaluating a surgeon led training program: Targeting kidney disease in Vietnam
Authors: Slakey Douglas P. , Reily Robert , Davidson Ingemar , Korndorffer James R. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Background:
An educational program consisted of lectures and simulation training designed to provide knowledge and skills to improve the delivery of care to patients with kidney disease was delivered in Hue, Vietnam. A follow-up study to validate the efficacy and durability of the education and training was done one year later.

Methods:
The course was validated using Kirkpatrick's four levels of evaluation: (i) pre- and post-course interviews reflecting initial reaction; (ii) training quality assessment on simulated scenarios; and (iii) follow-up questionnaires, interviews, and on-site observation of clinical care delivery.

Results:
Reaction to the course was uniformly positive. Multidisciplinary design and emphasis was rated highly. The combination of evidence-based didactics and simulation training provided an assessment of application of learned material. Structured debriefing demonstrated a high degree of understanding. Predicted language and cultural barriers were reduced using simulation. Follow-up identified that course material had been put into practice, including communication, crew resource management, and a systems approach to the management of complications. Observation of clinical care identified systems changes that improved ability to deliver care in a cost-effective manner.

Conclusions:
The curriculum improved multidisciplinary team performance in the short and long term. Course design provided a structured training framework, and enhanced the learning. The methods used to deliver the educational material and simulation training overcame potential language and cultural barriers. Follow-up demonstrated a sustained acceptance and application of the training in the care of complex kidney disease patients. The Kirkpatrick evaluation method assisted in determining the effectiveness of this training methodology. Using this platform for education and training can foster improvements in patient outcomes effectiveness.

Highlights
Private Ordering and the Chinese in Nineteenth Century Straits Settlements
Authors: TAN Cheng Han 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Straits Settlements comprised a group of British territories located in the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It initially comprised Penang, Singapore, and Malacca, and was formed in 1826. Unlike Malacca which was a thriving city with a substantial Chinese community, Penang and Singapore were relatively uninhabited when the British arrived, but Chinese immigration to both territories swiftly took place and on a large scale. For much of the nineteenth century, British policy towards the Chinese community in the Straits was one of minimal governance. They were largely left to order their affairs privately and this suited the Chinese, who tended to be aloof from the machinery of government and were also unfamiliar with English law. While there were many positive aspects of such private ordering, some negative features included the manner in which secret societies evolved and the treatment of coolies. It was only when the colonial government introduced strong measures that these negative aspects were ameliorated.
Dravet Syndrome: Diagnosis and Long-Term Course
Authors: Connolly Mary B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDravet syndrome is one of the most severe epilepsy syndromes of early childhood, and it comes with very high morbidity and mortality. The typical presentation is characterized by hemiclonic or generalized clonic seizures triggered by fever during the first year of life, followed by myoclonic, absence, focal and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Non-convulsive status epilepticus and epileptic encephalopathy are common. Development is normal in the first year of life, but most individuals eventually suffer from intellectual impairment. Dravet syndrome is associated with mutations in the sodium channel alpha1 subunit gene (SCN1A) in 70-80% of individuals. SCN1A mutation results in inhibition of the GABAergic inhibitory interneurons, leading to excessive neuronal excitation. The “interneuron hypothesis” is the current most accepted pathophysiological mechanism of Dravet syndrome. The mortality rate is increased significantly in Dravet syndrome. Ataxia, a characteristic crouched gait and Parkinson’s symptoms may develop in some individuals. It is likely that Dravet syndrome is underdiagnosed in adults with treatment-resistant epilepsy. Early diagnosis is important to avoid anti-seizure medications that exacerbate seizures.
Dravet Syndrome: Addressing the Needs of Patients and Families: Introduction
Authors: Dravet Charlotte 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDravet syndrome is not one of the most frequent severe epilepsies affecting infants during the first year of life. In the most recent epidemiological study, in Sweden, its estimated incidence was 1 in 33,000 live births. On December 31, 2011, its prevalence was 1 in 45,700 children aged less than 18 years. Nonetheless, it is now well known by many child neurologists for several reasons. First, its genetic aetiology was demonstrated almost 15 years ago, and an animal model was created shortly thereafter, allowing experimental work focused on the underlying mechanisms of the disease. Second, the clinical characteristics of the typical form of Dravet syndrome are well defined, enough to allow early diagnosis. Third, although the epileptic seizures are highly pharmacoresistant, we now have at our disposal a specific therapeutic strategy that allows one to avoid the most severe seizures in a number of patients due to the new drug stiripentol, used in different associations. Nevertheless, this therapeutic strategy should not be limited to seizure control and needs to take into account all other aspects of the disease. The aim of this symposium is to present a synthesis of the diagnosis and treatment of Dravet syndrome with a focus on family needs.
Promoting Health for All Kansans Through Mass Media: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Assessment of Student Ebola Perceptions
Authors: Chesser Amy K. , Keene Woods Nikki , Mattar Jennifer , Craig Timothy 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to assess student knowledge of Ebola virus disease (EVD) and opinions about media coverage of EVD.MethodsWe conducted a pilot study with a cross-sectional survey and a convenience sample.ResultsSixty-five college students participated in the survey and reported a low level of basic knowledge of EVD, high health literacy levels, and Internet and health professionals as sources for health information.ConclusionThis pilot study was an important first step to understanding students’ knowledge of Ebola, common sources of health information, and health literacy levels. Results from this study highlight the need to improve health communication training and further evaluate the quality of health information dissemination via all communication sources. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:641–643)
Evaluating a Hospitalist-Based Intervention to Decrease Unnecessary Antimicrobial Use in Patients With Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
Authors: Hartley Sarah E. , Kuhn Latoya , Valley Staci , Washer Laraine L. , Gandhi Tejal , Meddings Jennifer , Robida Michelle , Sabnis Salas , Chenoweth Carol , Malani Anurag N. , Saint Sanjay , Flanders Scott A. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVEInappropriate treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in the hospital setting is common. We sought to evaluate the treatment rate of ASB at the 3 hospitals and assess the impact of a hospitalist-focused improvement intervention.DESIGNProspective, interventional trial.SETTINGTwo community hospitals and a tertiary-care academic center.PATIENTSAdult patients with a positive urine culture admitted to hospitalist services were included in this study. Exclusions included pregnancy, intensive care unit admission, history of a major urinary procedure, and actively being treated for a urinary tract infection (UTI) at the time of admission or >48 hours prior to urine collection.INTERVENTIONSAn educational intervention using a pocket card was implemented at all sites followed by a pharmacist-based intervention at the academic center. Medical records of the first 50 eligible patients at each site were reviewed at baseline and after each intervention for signs and symptoms of UTI, microbiological results, antimicrobials used, and duration of treatment for positive urine cultures. Diagnosis of ASB was determined through adjudication by 2 hospitalists and 2 infectious diseases physicians.RESULTSTreatment rates of ASB decreased (23.5%; P=.001) after the educational intervention. Reductions in treatment rates for ASB differed by site and were greatest in patients without classic signs and symptoms of UTI (34.1%; P<.001) or urinary catheters (31.2%; P<.001). The pharmacist-based intervention was most effective at reducing ASB treatment rates in catheterized patients.CONCLUSIONSA hospitalist-focused educational intervention significantly reduced ASB treatment rates. The impact varied across sites and by patient characteristics, suggesting that a tailored approach may be useful.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:1044–1051
Drag reduction in numerical two-phase Taylor–Couette turbulence using an Euler–Lagrange approach
Authors: Spandan Vamsi , Ostilla-Mónico Rodolfo , Verzicco Roberto , Lohse Detlef 
Published: June 2016

Two-phase turbulent Taylor–Couette (TC) flow is simulated using an Euler–Lagrange approach to study the effects of a secondary phase dispersed into a turbulent carrier phase (here bubbles dispersed into water). The dynamics of the carrier phase is computed using direct numerical simulations (DNS) in an Eulerian framework, while the bubbles are tracked in a Lagrangian manner by modelling the effective drag, lift, added mass and buoyancy force acting on them. Two-way coupling is implemented between the dispersed phase and the carrier phase which allows for momentum exchange among both phases and to study the effect of the dispersed phase on the carrier phase dynamics. The radius ratio of the TC setup is fixed to ${\it\eta}=0.833$, and a maximum inner cylinder Reynolds number of $Re_{i}=8000$ is reached. We vary the Froude number ($Fr$), which is the ratio of the centripetal to the gravitational acceleration of the dispersed phase and study its effect on the net torque required to drive the TC system. For the two-phase TC system, we observe drag reduction, i.e. the torque required to drive the inner cylinder is lower compared with that of the single-phase system. The net drag reduction decreases with increasing Reynolds number $Re_{i}$, which is consistent with previous experimental findings (Murai et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., vol. 14, 2005, pp. 143–156; Phys. Fluids, vol. 20(3), 2008, 034101). The drag reduction is strongly related to the Froude number: for fixed Reynolds number we observe higher drag reduction when $Fr<1$ than for with $Fr>1$. This buoyancy effect is more prominent in low $Re_{i}$ systems and decreases with increasing Reynolds number $Re_{i}$. We trace the drag reduction back to the weakening of the angular momentum carrying Taylor rolls by the rising bubbles. We also investigate how the motion of the dispersed phase depends on $Re_{i}$ and $Fr$, by studying the individual trajectories and mean dispersion of bubbles in the radial and axial directions. Indeed, the less buoyant bubbles (large $Fr$) tend to get trapped by the Taylor rolls, while the more buoyant bubbles (small $Fr$) rise through and weaken them.
Conditions for validity of mean flow stability analysis
Authors: Beneddine Samir , Sipp Denis , Arnault Anthony , Dandois Julien , Lesshafft Lutz 
Published: June 2016

This article provides theoretical conditions for the use and meaning of a stability analysis around a mean flow. As such, it may be considered as an extension of the works by McKeon & Sharma (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 658, 2010, pp. 336–382) to non-parallel flows and by Turton et al. (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 91 (4), 2015, 043009) to broadband flows. Considering a Reynolds decomposition of the flow field, the spectral (or temporal Fourier) mode of the fluctuation field is found to be equal to the action on a turbulent forcing term by the resolvent operator arising from linearisation about the mean flow. The main result of the article states that if, at a particular frequency, the dominant singular value of the resolvent is much larger than all others and if the turbulent forcing at this frequency does not display any preferential direction toward one of the suboptimal forcings, then the spectral mode is directly proportional to the dominant optimal response mode of the resolvent at this frequency. Such conditions are generally met in the case of weakly non-parallel open flows exhibiting a convectively unstable mean flow. The spatial structure of the singular mode may in these cases be approximated by a local spatial stability analysis based on parabolised stability equations (PSE). We have also shown that the frequency spectrum of the flow field at any arbitrary location of the domain may be predicted from the frequency evolution of the dominant optimal response mode and the knowledge of the frequency spectrum at one or more points. Results are illustrated in the case of a high Reynolds number turbulent backward facing step flow.
Impact of polyphenol-rich sources on acute postprandial glycaemia: a systematic review
Authors: Coe S. , Ryan L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIncreasingly, evidence suggests a role for polyphenols in blood glucose control. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of polyphenol-rich sources in combination with carbohydrate sources on resulting postprandial glycaemic and insulin responses. A literature search was conducted using Medline, CINHAL and Web of Science databases. Selected studies included randomised controlled trials in which the association of polyphenol-containing food or beverage consumption with a carbohydrate source and effect on acute postprandial glycaemia and/or insulin was reported. A total of thirteen full articles were included in the review. Polyphenol sources included coffee, black tea, fruit juice, plant extracts, berries and different rye breads, and carbohydrate sources included bread, pancakes and simple sugars such as sucrose, glucose and fructose. Although glycaemic and insulin responses differed depending on the polyphenol–carbohydrate combination, overall, polyphenol sources were shown to reduce the peak and early-phase glycaemic response and maintain the glycaemic response in the later stages of digestion. To a lesser extent, polyphenol sources were also shown to reduce peak insulin response and sustain the insulin response, especially when consumed with bread. This review supports epidemiological data suggesting that polyphenols in foods and beverages may have a beneficial effect on reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the extent of this effect is variable depending on the polyphenol and carbohydrate source.
The G allele in IL-10-1082 G/A may have a role in lowering the susceptibility to panic disorder in female patients
Authors: Kim Han-Joon , Kim Yong-Ku 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundImmune system activation is involved in the pathophysiology of panic disorder (PD). We investigated INF-γ+874 A/T, TNF-α-308 G/A, and IL-10-1082 G/A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to determine their association with PD.MethodThis study enroled 135 PD patients and 135 healthy controls. INF-γ+874 A/T (rs2430561), TNF-α-308 G/A (rs1800629), and IL-10-1082 G/A (rs1800896) were genotyped.ResultsThere were no differences in genotypes or allele frequencies between the patient and control groups, regardless of accompanying agoraphobia. However, for female patients, the G allele frequency in IL-10 SNP was higher in the control group than in the patient group. Additionally, the female control group had a higher frequency of the A/G and G/G genotype in the IL-10 SNP than the female patient group.ConclusionWe suggest that the G allele in IL-10-1082 G/A might have a role in reducing the manifestations of PD in female patients. Further studies are needed to extend and confirm our findings.
Association between dietary fibre intake and fruit, vegetable or whole-grain consumption and the risk of CVD: results from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial
Authors: Buil-Cosiales Pilar , Toledo Estefania , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Zazpe Itziar , Farràs Marta , Basterra-Gortari Francisco Javier , Diez-Espino Javier , Estruch Ramon , Corella Dolores , Ros Emilio , Marti Amelia , Gómez-Gracia Enrique , Ortega-Calvo Manuel , Arós Fernando , Moñino Manuel , Serra-Majem Lluis , Pintó Xavier , Lamuela-Raventós Rosa Maria , Babio Nancy , Gonzalez Jose I. , Fitó Montserrat , Martínez-González Miguel A. ,   for the PREDIMED investigators
Published: June 2016

AbstractProspective studies assessing the association between fibre intake or fibre-rich food consumption and the risk of CVD have often been limited by baseline assessment of diet. Thus far, no study has used yearly repeated measurements of dietary changes during follow-up. Moreover, previous studies included healthy and selected participants who did not represent subjects at high cardiovascular risk. We used yearly repeated measurements of diet to investigate the association between fibre intake and CVD in a Mediterranean cohort of elderly adults at high cardiovascular risk. We followed-up 7216 men (55–80 years) and women (60–80 years) initially free of CVD for up to 7 years in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea study (registered as ISRCTN35739639). A 137-item validated FFQ was repeated yearly to assess diet. The primary end point, confirmed by a blinded ad hoc Event Adjudication Committee, was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction and stroke. Time-dependent Cox’s regression models were used to estimate the risk of CVD according to baseline dietary exposures and to their yearly updated changes. We found a significant inverse association for fibre (Pfor trend=0·020) and fruits (Pfor trend=0·024) in age-sex adjusted models, but the statistical significance was lost in fully adjusted models. However, we found a significant inverse association with CVD incidence for the sum of fruit and vegetable consumption. Participants who consumed in total nine or more servings/d of fruits plus vegetables had a hazard ratio 0·60 (95 % CI 0·40, 0·96) of CVD in comparison with those consuming <5 servings/d.