bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight Gain and Incident Diabetes Among HIV-Infected Veterans Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy Compared With Uninfected Individuals
Authors: Herrin Melissa , Tate Janet P. , Akgün Kathleen M. , Butt Adeel A. , Crothers Kristina , Freiberg Matthew S. , Gibert Cynthia L. , Leaf David A. , Rimland David , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C. , Ruser Chris B. , Herold Kevan C. , Justice Amy C. 
Published: May 2016

Background:
The health implications of weight gain after antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infection are not well characterized and may differ from weight gain among uninfected individuals. We use data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study to determine whether weight gain after ART has a similar association with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) as weight gained among HIV-uninfected (uninfected) individuals.

Methods:
We explored associations of weight gain and incident diabetes (A1c ≥ 6.5%), in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study, a national observational study of HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals demographically matched 1:2 to uninfected controls. From 2000 to 2011, weight change was assessed in the year following ART initiation for HIV+ individuals and date of first available body mass index for uninfected individuals. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for baseline body mass index using Cox regression.

Results:
HIV+ individuals had lower prevalence of DM at baseline (12% HIV+, 23% uninfected) and lower incident diabetes (5% HIV+, 11% uninfected). The association of weight gain with risk of DM was linear for HIV+ and uninfected but the slope of the association was steeper for HIV+. For each 5 pounds of weight gained, HIV+ had 14% increased risk of DM (HR, 1.14; 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.17) and uninfected individuals had 8% increased risk (HR, 1.08; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.10) (P < 0.01 for interaction).

Conclusions:
Weight gained in the first year after ART initiation is associated with greater risk of DM than that among uninfected individuals. HIV+ individuals initiating ART who are not underweight should avoid substantial weight gain.
Prevalence, Awareness, and Understanding of Pelvic Floor Disorders in Adolescent and Young Women
Authors: Parden Alison M. , Griffin Russell L. , Hoover Kimberly , Ellington David R. , Gleason Jonathan L. , Burgio Kathryn L. , Richter Holly E. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives
The objective of this study was to characterize symptom prevalence, awareness of pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) in family/friends, and understanding of factors contributing to the development of PFDs in women aged 19 to 30 years.

Methods
This study is a cross-sectional study via online questionnaire survey of female students aged 19 to 30 years enrolled at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Results of “adolescent women” aged 19 to 24 years were compared with “young women” aged 25 to 30 years.

Results
A total of 1092 questionnaires were completed with the mean age being 23.5 ± 3.1 years. The overall rate of urinary incontinence (UI) was 10.3% without a difference between adolescent and young women (P = 0.61). There were no differences in rates of urgency UI (P = 0.061), stress UI (P = 0.29), or pelvic organ prolapse (POP) symptoms (P = 0.56) between groups. There was no difference between groups in awareness of family members with UI, fecal incontinence (FI), or POP symptoms (P ≥ 0.24). However, logistic regression showed that the young women were more likely to have received education regarding UI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8–3.6), FI (aOR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.2–4.8), POP (aOR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.1–4.2), and have greater understanding regarding causes of UI (aOR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.7–4.8), FI (aOR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1–2.3), and POP (aOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3–2.9).

Conclusions
Women aged 25 to 30 years had more awareness and understanding of PFDs compared with adolescent women. These data may have implications for primary prevention strategies of PFDs.
Rescuing perishable neuroanatomical information from a threatened biodiversity hotspot: Remote field methods for brain tissue preservation validated by cytoarchitectonic analysis, immunohistochemistry, and X-ray microcomputed tomography
Authors: Hughes Daniel F. , Walker Ellen M. , Gignac Paul M. , Martinez Anais , Negishi Kenichiro , Lieb Carl S. , Greenbaum Eli , Khan Arshad M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBiodiversity hotspots, which harbor more endemic species than elsewhere on Earth, are increasingly threatened. There is a need to accelerate collection efforts in these regions before threatened or endangered species become extinct. The diverse geographical, ecological, genetic, morphological, and behavioral data generated from the on-site collection of an individual specimen are useful for many scientific purposes. However, traditional methods for specimen preparation in the field do not permit researchers to retrieve neuroanatomical data, disregarding potentially useful data for increasing our understanding of brain diversity. These data have helped clarify brain evolution, deciphered relationships between structure and function, and revealed constraints and selective pressures that provide context about the evolution of complex behavior. Here, we report our field-testing of two commonly used laboratory-based techniques for brain preservation while on a collecting expedition in the Congo Basin and Albertine Rift, two poorly known regions associated with the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot.First, we found that transcardial perfusion fixation and long-term brain storage, conducted in remote field conditions with no access to cold storage laboratory equipment, had no observable impact on cytoarchitectural features of lizard brain tissue when compared to lizard brain tissue processed under laboratory conditions. Second, field-perfused brain tissue subjected to prolonged post-fixation remained readily compatible with subsequent immunohistochemical detection of neural antigens, with immunostaining that was comparable to that of laboratory-perfused brain tissue. Third, immersion-fixation of lizard brains, prepared under identical environmental conditions, was readily compatible with subsequent iodine-enhanced X-ray microcomputed tomography, which facilitated the non-destructive imaging of the intact brain within its skull.In summary, we have validated multiple approaches to preserving intact lizard brains in remote field conditions with limited access to supplies and a high degree of environmental exposure. This protocol should serve as a malleable framework for researchers attempting to rescue perishable and irreplaceable morphological and molecular data from regions of disappearing biodiversity. Our approach can be harnessed to extend the numbers of species being actively studied by the neuroscience community, by reducing some of the difficulty associated with acquiring brains of animal species that are not readily available in captivity.
The relative values of the turnover number and the dissociation rate constant determine the definition of the Michaelis-constant
Authors: Nazzal Gassan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract.In this work, we attempt to determine the assumptions of each case of the QSSA. We came to the conclusion that for an enzyme with average kinetics parameters the REA is a good approximation to derive the rate equation and the Km value tends to equal the dissociation constant Kd. The active site classifies the population of the substrate into two energy states, the ground state, and the transition state. The ratio Km/Kdis equal to the partition function of the assumed two-state-system. For the average enzyme, the partition function of the transition tends to equal 1 thus the majority of the substrate molecules are in the ground state and the assumption kcat << k−1is valid hence Km ≈ Kd. In contrast, when the enzyme is diffusion controlled, the Km value is equal to the productive dissociation rate kcat/k1. We have also redefined the Km value as the equivalence point of the reaction rates, namely, the effective diffusion rate and the maximal catalytic rate, which reflects more clearly the transition from the bimolecular reaction to the unimolecular reaction in the saturation curve.
Genetic overlap between schizophrenia and developmental psychopathology: a longitudinal approach applied to common childhood disorders between age 7 and 15 years
Authors: Nivard Michel G. , Gage Suzanne H. , Hottenga Jouke J. , van Beijsterveldt Catherina E.M. , Abdellaoui Abdel , Baselmans Bart M.L. , Ligthart Lannie , St Pourcain Beate , Boomsma Dorret I. , Munafoò Marcus M. , Middeldorp Christel M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractVarious non-psychotic psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence can precede the onset of schizophrenia, but the nature of this relationship remains unclear. We investigated to what extent the association between schizophrenia and psychiatric disorders in childhood is explained by shared genetic risk factors.Polygenic risk scores (PRS), reflecting an individual’s genetic risk for schizophrenia, were constructed for participants in two birth cohorts (2,588 children from the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) and 6,127 from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents And Children (ALSPAC)). The associations between schizophrenia PRS and measures of anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) were estimated at age 7, 10, 12/13 and 15 years in the two cohorts. Results were then meta-analyzed, and age-effects and differences in the associations between disorders and PRS were formally tested in a meta-regression.The schizophrenia PRS was associated with childhood and adolescent psychopathology Where the association was weaker for ODD/CD at age 7. The associations increased with age this increase was steepest for ADHD and ODD/CD. The results are consistent with a common genetic etiology of schizophrenia and developmental psychopathology as well as with a stronger shared genetic etiology between schizophrenia and adolescent onset psychopathology.A multivariate meta-analysis of multiple and repeated observations enabled to optimally use the longitudinal data across diagnoses in order to provide knowledge on how childhood disorders develop into severe adult psychiatric disorders.
Sociocultural dynamics in whistleblowing: insights from India
Authors: D'Cruz Premilla , Bjørkelo Brita 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– Through state-of-the-art insights on whistleblowing in India, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the role of sociocultural dynamics in whistleblowing.

Design/methodology/approach
– A review of literature on wrongdoing and whistleblowing in India revealed various aspects of the national context pertinent to different stages of the phenomenon. Thematic analysis of these dimensions, allowing for a nomothetic approach, resulted in identifying six sociocultural themes common across wrongdoing and whistleblowing.

Findings
– Sociocultural dynamics impacting the emergence, persistence and recognition of wrongdoing, the decision to blow the whistle, engagement in whistleblowing and the outcomes of whistleblowing encompass social relationships, power distribution, materialistic considerations, sense of propriety and fairness, public/civic orientation and ideological leanings. These factors coexist with international influences, institutional framework, workplace ethos and individual orientation. The presence of wrongdoing and the trajectory of whistleblowing in India are affected by the aforementioned factors.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper is based on secondary data rather than empirical endeavours.

Social implications
– By underscoring the relevance of contextual dynamics, in particular sociocultural factors, in the whistleblowing process, the paper indicates an important basis for appropriate interventions to manage wrongdoing and encourage whistleblowing while protecting whistleblowers and ensuring attention to rectifying wrongdoing and sanctioning offenders.

Originality/value
– Apart from providing a contemporary and comprehensive overview of whistleblowing in India, the paper uncovers the significance of sociocultural factors which have been overlooked so far in the substantive area. Moreover, a contextualised process model of whistleblowing is proposed based on the analysis. In subsuming temporality, context and outcomes for all stakeholders, the model displays complexity and causality, emphasising holism.
The housing market channel of monetary policy transmission in the Euro area
Authors: Milcheva Stanimira , Sebastian Steffen 
Published: May 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the role of the housing market in the monetary policy transmission to consumption among euro area member states. It has been argued that the housing market in one country is then important when its mortgage market is well developed. The countries in the euro area follow unitary monetary policy; however, their housing and mortgage markets show some heterogeneity, which may lead to different policy effects on aggregate consumption through the housing market.Design/methodology/approachThe housing market can act as a channel of monetary policy shocks to household consumption through changes in house prices and residential investment – the housing market channel. The authors estimate vector autoregressive models for each country and conduct a counterfactual analysis to disentangle the housing market channel and assess its importance across the euro area member states.FindingsThe authors find little evidence for heterogeneity of the monetary policy transmission through house prices across the euro area countries. Housing market variations in the euro area seem to be better captured by changes in residential investment rather than by changes in house prices. As a result, the authors do not find significantly large house price channels. For some of the countries however, they observe a monetary policy channel through residential investment. The existence of a housing channel may depend on institutional features of both the labour market or with institutional factors capturing the degree of household debt as is the loan-to-value ratio.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the existing literature by assessing whether a unitary monetary policy has a different impact on consumption across the euro area countries through their housing and mortgage markets. The authors disentangle monetary-policy-induced effects on consumption associated with variations on the housing markets due to either house price variations or residential investment changes. The authors show that the housing market can play a role in the monetary transmission mechanism even in countries with less developed mortgage markets through variations in residential investment.
Liquidity, interest rates and house prices in the euro area: a DSGE analysis
Authors: Rubio Margarita , Carrasco-Gallego José A. 
Published: May 2016

PurposeThis study aims to build a two-country monetary union dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with housing to assess how different shocks contributed to the increase in housing prices and credit in the European Economic and Monetary Union. One of the countries is calibrated to represent the core group in the euro area, while the other one corresponds to the periphery.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors explore how a liquidity shock (or a decrease in the interest rate) affects house prices and the real economy through the asset price and the collateral channel. Then, they analyze how a house price shock in the periphery and a technology shock in the core countries are transmitted to both economies.FindingsThe authors find that a combination of an increase in liquidity in the euro area coming from the common monetary policy, together with asymmetric house price and technology shocks, contributed to an increase in house prices in the euro area and a stronger credit growth in the peripheral economies.Originality/valueThis paper represents the theoretical counterpart to empirical studies that show, through macroeconometric models, the interrelation between liquidity and other shocks with house prices. Using a DSGE model with housing, the authors disentangle the mechanisms behind these empirical findings.
House price return volatility patterns in Turkey, Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir
Authors: Coskun Yener , Ertugrul Hasan Murat 
Published: May 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze volatility properties of the house price returns of Turkey and Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir provinces over the period of July 2007-June 2014.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses conditional variance models, namely, ARCH, GARCH and E-GARCH. As the supportive approach for the discussions, we also use correlation analysis and qualitative inputs.FindingsEmpirical findings suggest several points. First, city/country-level house price return volatility series display volatility clustering pattern and therefore volatilities in house price returns are time varying. Second, it seems that there were high (excess) and stable volatility periods during observation term. Third, a significant economic event may change country/city-level volatilities. In this context, the biggest and relatively persistent shock was the lagged negative shocks of global financial crisis. More importantly, short-lived political/economic shocks have not significant impacts on house price return volatilities in Turkey, Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir. Fourth, however, house price return volatilities differ across geographic areas, volatility series may show some co-movement pattern. Fifth, volatility comparison across cities reveal that Izmir shows more excess volatility cases, Ankara recorded the highest volatility point and Istanbul and national series show lower and insignificant volatilities.Research limitations/implicationsThe study uses maximum available data and focuses on some house price return volatility patterns. The first implication of the findings is that micro/macro dimensions of house price return volatilities should be carefully analyzed to forecast upside/downside risks of house price returns. Second, defined volatility clustering pattern implies that rate of return of housing investment may show specific patterns in some periods and volatile periods may result in some large losses in the returns. Third, model results generally suggest that however data constraint is a major problem, market participants should analyze regional idiosyncrasies during their decision-making in housing portfolio management. Fourth, because house prices are not sensitive to relatively less structural shocks, housing may represent long-term investment instrument if it provides satisfactory hedging from inflation.Originality/valueThe evidences and implications would be useful for housing market participants aiming to manage/use externalities of housing price movements. From a practical contribution perspective, the study provides a tool that will allow measuring first time of the return volatility patterns of house prices in Turkey and her three biggest provinces. Local level analysis for Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir provinces, as the globally fastest growing cities, would be found specifically interesting by international researchers and practitioner.
The sources of house price change: identifying liquidity shocks to the housing market
Authors: Taltavull de La Paz Paloma , White Michael 
Published: May 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the role of monetary liquidity in house price evolution through examining the Asset (housing) Inflation channel. It identifies the main channels of transmission affecting house prices from monetary supply channels to house price change, examining how the Asset Price channel transmits changes in M1 to housing prices in Spain and the UK.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses Vector Auto Regression (VAR) and Error Correction models to test the Asset Inflation channel in the UK and Spain from 1991 to 2013 in two steps. In the first step, the supply elasticity is estimated through the long-term relationship between house prices and stock supply. The second step estimates a Vector Error Correction (VEC) to explain house price dynamics conditioned on supply reactions. The latter is defined as a long-term inverse demand model where housing prices are controlled by fundamentals in each market. Models allow forecast testing using Choleski impulse responses methodology.FindingsSeveral results are found. In the supply model, both countries show rapid convergence to equilibrium with a larger elasticity of supply in Spain than in the UK but with a short run effect of new supply on prices in the UK. Regarding the Asset Inflation Channel model, the paper finds evidence of the existence of a housing accelerator effect in Spain, but not in the UK where changes in liquidity fully impact house prices in one direction.Research limitations/implicationsImplications of findings are mainly to forecast the effects of Monetary Policy measures in different economies.Practical implicationsThe model supports the evaluation of different impacts of monetary policy in territories. It shows that the same policy will have different impacts in different housing markets and therefore highlights the importance of examining each market separately to identify the appropriate policy interventions.Originality/valueThis is the first paper that estimates the impact of the Asset Inflation Channel on house prices that endogenises housing market conditions and compares effects and interrelationships in two different economies.