bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocean acidification alters zooplankton communities and increases top‐down pressure of a cubozoan predator
Authors: Hammill Edd , Johnson Ellery , Atwood Trisha B. , Harianto Januar , Hinchliffe Charles , Calosi Piero , Byrne Maria 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe composition of local ecological communities is determined by the members of the regional community that are able to survive the abiotic and biotic conditions of a local ecosystem. Anthropogenic activities since the industrial revolution have increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations, which have in turn decreased ocean pH and altered carbonate ion concentrations: so called ocean acidification (OA). Single‐species experiments have shown how OA can dramatically affect zooplankton development, physiology and skeletal mineralization status, potentially reducing their defensive function and altering their predatory and antipredatory behaviors. This means that increased OA may indirectly alter the biotic conditions by modifying trophic interactions. We investigated how OA affects the impact of a cubozoan predator on their zooplankton prey, predominantly Copepoda, Pleocyemata, Dendrobranchiata, and Amphipoda. Experimental conditions were set at either current (pCO2 370 μatm) or end‐of‐the‐century OA (pCO2 1,100 μatm) scenarios, crossed in an orthogonal experimental design with the presence/absence of the cubozoan predator Carybdea rastoni. The combined effects of exposure to OA and predation by C. rastoni caused greater shifts in community structure, and greater reductions in the abundance of key taxa than would be predicted from combining the effect of each stressor in isolation. Specifically, we show that in the combined presence of OA and a cubozoan predator, populations of the most abundant member of the zooplankton community (calanoid copepods) were reduced 27% more than it would be predicted based on the effects of these stressors in isolation, suggesting that OA increases the susceptibility of plankton to predation. Our results indicate that the ecological consequences of OA may be greater than predicted from single‐species experiments, and highlight the need to understand future marine global change from a community perspective.
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single‐dose and multiple‐dose recombinant activated factor VII in patients with haemophilia A or B
Authors: Fernández‐Bello I. , Stenmo C. , Butta N. , Lind V. , Ezban M. , Jiménez‐Yuste V. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryMonitoring recombinant activated factorVII(rFVIIa) treatment outcomes remains challenging. Thromboelastography (TEG) and the thrombin generation assay (TGA), measure coagulation dynamics over time and are being assessed as potential methods for evaluating and monitoring haemophilia treatment. Lack of standardizedTEG/TGAmethods makes it difficult to compare results and to establish a correlation with clinical outcomes.AimsTo compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) ofrFVIIa after 3×90 μg kg−1doses vs a single dose (270 μg kg−1) in haemophilia patients and to evaluateTEG/TGAresults postdosing to determine how these assays relate toPKfindings.MethodsPatients in this open‐label, single‐centre, randomized, crossover trial received one injection of 270 μg kg−1rFVIIa crossed over with three injections of 90 μg kg−1rFVIIa in a non‐bleeding state. ForTEG, kaolin and tissue factor were used as activators;TGAwas performed on frozen platelet‐rich and platelet‐poor plasma, with and without corn trypsin inhibitor.FVIIa activity was evaluated using in vivo samples.ResultsTGAshowed a dose‐dependent effect ofrFVIIa on thrombin generation;TEGrevealed lower dose‐dependent effects. Both showed some differences between single‐/multiple‐doserFVIIa; both supported thePKfindings.ConclusionWhileTEGandTGAare not yet clinically predictive, both supported thePKresults. Data suggest that, while a single dose of 270 μg kg−1rFVIIa provides slightly higher haemostatic potential than the multiple‐dose regimen of 3×90 μg kg−1, the latter results in prolonged activity levels compared with a higher single dose.
Diffusion of water in silica: Influence of moderate stresses
Authors: Wiederhorn Sheldon M. , Rizzi Gabriele , Wagner Susanne , Schell Günter , Hoffmann Michael J. , Fett Theo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHere we study the diffusive transfer of water into silica glass in the presence of externally applied stresses, and stresses caused by water induced swelling of the glass. By considering the simultaneous action of water penetration into the surface of silica glass and the development of swelling stresses in the water‐penetrated zone, several experimental findings previously published in the literature can be interpreted quantitatively. These include an apparent decrease of the diffusivity with time, an increase of water solubility in the surface region under compressive loading, the opposite effect under tensile loading and a reversal of these two effects deeper within the glass. These expectations are fully met in published experiments carried out to date.
In situ oxidation and reduction of triangular nickel nanoplates via environmental transmission electron microscopy
Authors: LAGROW A.P. , ALYAMI N.M. , LLOYD D.C. , BAKR O.M. , BOYES E.D. , GAI P.L. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryUnderstanding the oxidation and reduction mechanisms of transition metals, such as nickel (Ni), is important for their use in industrial applications of catalysis. A powerful technique for investigating the redox reactive species is in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM), where oxidation and reduction can be tracked in real time. One particular difficulty in understanding the underlying reactions is understanding the underlying morphology of the starting structure in a reaction, in particular the defects contained in the material, and the exposed surface facets. Here‐in, we use a colloidal nanoparticle synthesis in a continuous flow reactor to form nanoplates of nickel coated with oleylamine as a capping agent. We utilise an in situ heating procedure at 300 °C in vacuum to remove the oleylamine ligands, and then oxidise the Ni nanoparticles at 25 °C with 2 Pa oxygen, and follow the nanoparticles initial oxidation. After that, the nanoparticles are oxidised at 200 and 300 °C, making the size of the oxide shell increase to ∼4 nm. The oxide shell could be reduced under 2 Pa hydrogen at 500 °C to its initial size of ∼1 nm. High temperature oxidation encouraged the nanoparticles to form pure NiO nanoparticles, which occurred via the Kirkendall effect leading to hollowing and void formation.
Staged versus index procedure complete revascularization in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Agarwal Nayan , Jain Ankur , Garg Jalaj , Mojadidi Mohammad Khalid , Mahmoud Ahmed N. , Patel Nimesh Kirit , Agrawal Sahil , Gupta Tanush , Bhatia Nirmanmoh , Anderson R. David 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundComplete revascularization of patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel coronary artery disease reduces adverse events compared to infarct‐related artery only revascularization. Whether complete revascularization should be done as multivessel intervention during index procedure or as a staged procedure remains controversial.MethodWe performed a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing outcomes of multivessel intervention in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel coronary artery disease as staged procedure versus at the time of index procedure. Composite of death or myocardial infarction was the primary outcome. Mantel‐Haenszel risk ratios were calculated using random effect model.ResultsSix randomized studies with a total of 1126 patients met our selection criteria. At a mean follow‐up of 13 months, composite of myocardial infarction or death (7.2% vs 11.7%, RR: 1.66, 95%CI: 1.09‐2.52, P = 0.02), all cause mortality (RR: 2.55, 95%CI: 1.42‐4.58, P < 0.01), cardiovascular mortality (RR: 2.8, 95%CI: 1.33‐5.86, P = 0.01), and short‐term (<30 days) mortality (RR: 3.54, 95%CI: 1.51‐8.29, P < 0.01) occurred less often in staged versus index procedure multivessel revascularization. There was no difference in major adverse cardiac events (RR: 1.14, 95%CI: 0.88‐1.49, P = 0.33), repeat myocardial infarction (RR: 1.14, 95%CI: 0.68‐1.92, P = 0.61), and repeat revascularization (RR: 0.92, 95%CI: 0.66‐1.28, P = 0.62).ConclusionIn patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel coronary artery disease, a strategy of complete revascularization as a staged procedure compared to index procedure revascularization results in reduced mortality without an increase in repeat myocardial infarction or need for repeat revascularization.
Bacterial infection‐triggered acute‐on‐chronic liver failure is associated with increased mortality
Authors: Mücke Marcus M. , Rumyantseva Tatiana , Mücke Victoria T. , Schwarzkopf Katharina , Joshi Sabrina , Kempf Volkhard A. J. , Welsch Christoph , Zeuzem Stefan , Lange Christian M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsAcute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by an acute deterioration of liver function in patients with cirrhosis in combination with recently defined organ failures. Our aim was to independently validate the prognostic value of the recently established EASL‐CLIF‐Consortium definition of ACLF and to identify new predictors of short‐term mortality.MethodsPatients with cirrhosis and the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision diagnosis of (sub)acute liver failure were retrospectively categorized according to the EASL‐CLIF‐Consortium definition. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify clinical and epidemiological predictors of 30‐ and 90‐day mortality.ResultsFrom 2008 to 2015, 257 patients were included. Overall, 173 (67%) patients met the EASL criteria for ACLF (grade 1: n = 43 [25%], grade 2: n = 52 [30%], grade 3: n = 79 [45%]). Mortality within 30 days in patients without ACLF was 3.6%, and 18.6%, 37.3% and 62.0% in patients with ACLF grades 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Outcome of patients with bacterial infection‐triggered ACLF was distinct from non‐infection‐triggered ACLF (71.6% vs 33.8% 30‐day survival, P < .001), and infection‐triggered ACLF was independently associated with increased mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 4.28, P < .001). Pneumonia was a particularly frequent infection and burdened with high mortality. In addition, infections with multidrug‐resistant organisms were frequent and independently associated with mortality (P = .030, OR = 4.41), as was glycopeptide antibiotic therapy as initial empirical antibiotic therapy (P = .005).ConclusionsThis study confirmed the EASL‐CLIF‐Consortium definition of ACLF as strong predictor of mortality in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis. However, we have observed a remarkably higher mortality in infection‐triggered ACLF compared to other precipitating events.
Telomere length is reflected by plumage coloration and predicts seasonal reproductive success in the barn swallow
Authors: Parolini Marco , Romano Andrea , Costanzo Alessandra , Khoriauli Lela , Santagostino Marco , Nergadze Solomon G. , Canova Luca , Rubolini Diego , Giulotto Elena , Saino Nicola 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIndividuals differ in realized fitness but the genetic/phenotypic traits that underpin such variation are often unknown. Telomere dynamics may be a major source of variation in fitness traits because physiological telomere shortening depends on environmental and genetic factors and may impair individual performance. Here, we showed that, in a population of a socially monogamous, biparental passerine bird, the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica), breeding in northern Italy, telomere length (TL) of both adult males and females positively correlated with seasonal reproductive and fledging success, as expected because long telomeres are supposed to boost performance. Telomere length was correlated with sexually dimorphic coloration in both sexes, showing for the first time in any species that coloration reliably reflectsTLand may mediate mutual mate choice, leading to the observed positive assortative mating forTLin the barn swallow. Thus,TLappears to be associated with variation in a major fitness trait and may be an ultimate target of mate choice, as individuals of both sexes can use coloration to adaptively choose high‐quality mates that possess long telomeres.
Barriers to families' regaining control in ICU: Disconnectedness
Authors: Wong Pauline , Liamputtong Pranee , Koch Susan , Rawson Helen 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe nature of interactions between health care professionals and families may have a significant impact on families' experience and outcomes of critical illness. The value of encouraging positive relationships with families is well documented; however, it is argued that the lack of theoretical frameworks to guide practice in this area may be a barrier to improving patient‐ and family‐centred care.AimsThe study on which this paper is based aimed to understand families' experiences of their interactions when a relative is admitted unexpectedly to an Australian intensive care unit and to generate a substantive theory that represents families' interactions that can be used to guide critical care nursing practice when caring for patients' families in this context.Design and MethodsA grounded theory methodology was adopted for the study. Data were collected between 2009 and 2013 using in‐depth interviews with 25 family members of 21 critically ill patients admitted to a metropolitan, tertiary‐level intensive care unit (ICU) in Australia.FindingsA core category of regaining control has been generated from our study. This paper focuses on Disconnectedness, which leads to increased emotional vulnerability and is also a barrier to families' regaining control. Families feel disconnected when staff emotionally and physically disengage from them, when staff interact insensitively and in a manner that offers families limited hope.ConclusionOur findings offer an in‐depth understanding of staff engagement with families and its impact on the families' ability to regain control. Although some themes have been previously identified in the literature in isolation, the interrelationships of the categories within a theoretical framework to represent family resilience in the context of an ICU situated in the Australian health care system are a novel finding.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe findings can be used to support patient‐ and family‐centred care interventions in the ICU.
Bilateral sympathectomy for treatment of refractory ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Kopecky Kathleen , Afzal Aasim , Felius Joost , Hall Shelley A. , Mendez Jose C. , Assar Manish , Mason David P. , Bindra Amarinder S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractVentricular tachycardia (VT) commonly occurs in patients with ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathy and requires antiarrhythmic drugs, ablation, or advanced circulatory support. However, life‐threatening VT may be refractory to these therapies, and may cause frequent implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) discharges. Left cardiac sympathetic denervation reduces the occurrence of these fatal arrhythmias by inhibiting the sympathetic outflow to the cardiac tissue. We present a 69‐year‐old man with nonischemic cardiomyopathy, life‐threatening VT, and hemodynamic instability with numerous ICD discharges, who remained refractory to antiarrhythmic drug therapy and ablation attempts. He was effectively treated with bilateral cardiac sympathectomy. Six months later, he remained free of VT with no ICD discharges.
A synthetic biology approach for consistent production of plant‐made recombinant polyclonal antibodies against snake venom toxins
Authors: Julve Parreño Jose Manuel , Huet Estefanía , Fernández‐del‐Carmen Asun , Segura Alvaro , Venturi Micol , Gandía Antoni , Pan Wei‐song , Albaladejo Irene , Forment Javier , Pla Davinia , Wigdorovitz Andrés , Calvete Juan J. , Gutiérrez Carlos , Gutiérrez José María , Granell Antonio , Orzáez Diego 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAntivenoms developed from the plasma of hyperimmunized animals are the only effective treatment available against snakebite envenomation but shortage of supply contributes to the high morbidity and mortality toll of this tropical disease. We describe a synthetic biology approach to affordable and cost‐effective antivenom production based on plant‐made recombinant polyclonal antibodies (termed pluribodies). The strategy takes advantage of virus superinfection exclusion to induce the formation of somatic expression mosaics in agroinfiltrated plants, which enables the expression of complex antibody repertoires in a highly reproducible manner. Pluribodies developed using toxin‐binding genetic information captured from peripheral blood lymphocytes of hyperimmunized camels recapitulated the overall binding activity of the immune response. Furthermore, an improved plant‐made antivenom (plantivenom) was formulated using an in vitro selected pluribody against Bothrops asper snake venom toxins and has been shown to neutralize a wide range of toxin activities and provide protection against lethal venom doses in mice.
Activity of salivary glands in secreting honey‐elaborating enzymes in two subspecies of honeybee (Apis melliferaL)
Authors: Al‐Sherif Aliaa A. , Mazeed Adel M. , Ewis Mohamed A. , Nafea Emad A. , Hagag El‐Seid E. , Kamel Ahmed A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe activity of invertase, glucose oxidase and amylase in the cephalic (post‐cerebral) and thoracic salivary glands is determined in Egyptian and Carniolan honeybees (Apis mellifera L). For this purpose, three ages of worker bees are selected for enzyme assays. The results show that the three target enzymes are detected in the two glands during the three worker ages, except invertase, which cannot be detected in the cephalic gland of newly emerged bees of both subspecies. In both glands, the secretion of invertase is highest, followed by amylase and then glucose oxidase. In Carniolan bees, invertase secretion of the cephalic and thoracic glands increases gradually with age. In Egyptian bees, invertase increases with age only in the cephalic gland, whereas, in the thoracic gland, the highest secretion activity is detected in 10–15‐day‐old bees. The highest amounts of glucose oxidase and amylase in the cephalic gland are detected in newly emerged individuals of both Egyptian and Carniolan bees. In the thoracic gland, however, the highest activity of both enzymes is recorded only in newly emerged Egyptian bees. The results are discussed in the light of bee management and biological aspects of the two subspecies.
Body size‐adjusted dose analysis of pirfenidone in patients with interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Uehara Masahiro , Enomoto Noriyuki , Oyama Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Yuzo , Kono Masato , Furuhashi Kazuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Inui Naoki , Nakamura Yutaro , Suda Takafumi 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and objectivePirfenidone is an effective anti‐fibrotic agent for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Although adverse events (AE) sometimes prevent patients from continuing treatment, current dose adjustment guidance does not consider patient body size or weight (BW). The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of pirfenidone dose adjustment by body surface area (BSA) or BW for preventing AE and permitting continuous treatment in patients with interstitial pneumonia (IP).MethodsSixty‐seven Japanese patients with IP including 46 patients with IPF treated with pirfenidone between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. Pirfenidone doses were adjusted by BSA or BW and were compared with clinical parameters.ResultsForty‐two of 67 patients (62.7%) with IP showed AE, most commonly gastrointestinal symptoms (77.5%). Patients having AE received significantly higher adjusted doses of pirfenidone by both BSA and BW (P = 0.024 and P = 0.010, respectively), while unadjusted doses did not differ. BSA‐adjusted dose discriminated patients with AE from those without (area under the curve = 0.666 at 1085 mg/m2). Six of seven patients (85.7%) who discontinued pirfenidone due to AE took ≥1085 mg/m2 of pirfenidone. In a subgroup with IPF, patients taking a medium dose (median: 876 median–1085 mg/m2) showed a lower annual decline in % forced vital capacity than patients taking a lower dose (P = 0.025).ConclusionBSA‐adjusted pirfenidone dosing may be useful to prevent AE whilst achieving a long‐term treatment effect in patients with IP.
The spillover effects of innovative ideas on human capital
Authors: Alpaslan Barış , Ali Abdilahi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper extends a two‐period overlapping generations model of endogenous growth where the interactions between public infrastructure and human capital with research and development (R&D) activities and growth are studied. The paper makes two important contributions. First, it accounts for the spillover effect of the stock of ideas on learning, which in turn promotes the production of innovative technologies. In doing so, it brings to the fore a two‐way interaction between human capital and innovation. The paper then applies various econometric methods which confirm the above theoretical thesis. Second, the solutions of the model emphasize the important role public spending on infrastructure, human capital and R&D can play in promoting economic growth. However, the findings also show that trade‐offs in the allocation of public spending may inevitably emerge. In particular, investment in public infrastructure at the expense of spending on R&D is less likely to succeed in promoting economic growth, whereas it may be more effective to foster growth through an offsetting cut in another productive component, namely, education. In light of these potential trade‐offs, governments in low‐income countries need to use their limited budgets as part of holistic measures in order to achieve efficient outcomes.
Cognitive behavioural therapy and mindfulness for stress and burnout: a waiting list controlled pilot study comparing treatments for parents of children with chronic conditions
Authors: Anclair Malin , Lappalainen Raimo , Muotka Joona , Hiltunen Arto J. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundParents of children with chronic conditions often experience a crisis with serious mental health problems for themselves as a consequence. The healthcare focus is on the children; however, the parents often worry about their children's health and future but are seldom offered any counselling or guidance.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of two group‐based behavioural interventions on stress and burnout among parents of children with chronic conditions.Design, participants and settingAfter a waiting list control period (n = 28), parents were offered either a cognitive behavioural (CBT, n = 10) or a mindfulness program (MF, n = 9).ResultsBoth interventions decreased significantly stress and burnout. The within‐group effect sizes were large in both interventions (CBT, g = 1.28–1.64; MF, g = 1.25–2.20).ConclusionsHence, the results of this pilot study show that treating a group using either CBT or mindfulness can be an efficient intervention for reducing stress levels and burnout in parents of children with chronic conditions.