bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids intake modifies the positive association between serum total cholesterol and colorectal cancer risk: the Rotterdam Study
Authors: Muka Taulant , Kraja Bledar , Ruiter Rikje , de Keyser Catherine E , Hofman Albert , Stricker Bruno H , Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C , Franco Oscar H 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundIt remains unclear whether serum total cholesterol is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Interplay between dietary fatty acids and serum total cholesterol on CRC risk may be present as well. We aimed to investigate the association between serum total cholesterol with CRC. Furthermore, we investigated whether this association was modified by intake of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).MethodsWe analysed data from 6628 participants of the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based follow-up study among patients aged 55 years and older. Serum total cholesterol was measured at baseline. During a mean follow-up time of 12.9 years, we identified 248 new CRC cases based on pathology data and medical records. Multivariable HRs were calculated using Cox regression models.ResultsAfter adjustment, serum total cholesterol levels were associated with a higher risk of CRC (HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.06 for highest vs lowest tertile). Statistically significant effect modification was present for PUFAs intake (P-interaction=0.04). After stratification by median PUFAs intake, an increased risk with increasing tertiles of serum total cholesterol was observed among patients with low PUFAs intake (3rd tertile vs 1st tertile: HR 2.43; 95% CI 1.41 to 4.18), whereas no association was observed among patients with high PUFAs intake (3rd tertile vs 1st tertile: HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.55 to 1.58).ConclusionsTaken together, these findings suggest that high levels of serum total cholesterol increase CRC risk, but this risk may be reduced by high dietary PUFAs intake.
Sophoraflavanone G Induces Apoptosis in Human Leukemia Cells and Blocks MAPK Activation
Authors: Li Zih-Ying , Huang Wen-Chung , Tu Rong-Syuan , Gu Pei-Yu , Lin Chwan-Fwu , Liou Chian-Jiun 
Published: February 2016

Sophoraflavanone G (SG) was isolated from Sophora flavescens. Previously, we have found that SG is able to suppress the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SG on apoptosis, and explore its molecular mechanism in human leukemia HL-60 cells. HL-60 cells were treated with various concentrations of SG (3–30 [Formula: see text]M). The viability of the HL-60 cells was assessed using the MTT method, and the nuclear condensation indicative of apoptosis was observed by DAPI fluorescence staining. In addition, apoptotic signal proteins were examined using Western blotting. The results showed that apoptosis, including DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation, increased significantly in SG-treated HL-60 cells. SG activated caspase-3 and caspase-9, and downregulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. SG also upregulated Bax and released cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm, enabling apoptosis via the mitochondrially-mediated “intrinsic” pathway. Additionally, SG was able to cleave poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. These results suggest that SG might increase the effect of apoptosis on HL-60 cells through caspase-3 activation, mitochondrial-mediated pathways, and the MAPK pathway.
A Novel RAF Kinase Inhibitor with DFG-Out–Binding Mode: High Efficacy in BRAF-Mutant Tumor Xenograft Models in the Absence of Normal Tissue Hyperproliferation
Authors: Waizenegger Irene C. , Baum Anke , Steurer Steffen , Stadtmüller Heinz , Bader Gerd , Schaaf Otmar , Garin-Chesa Pilar , Schlattl Andreas , Schweifer Norbert , Haslinger Christian , Colbatzky Florian , Mousa Sien , Kalkuhl Arno , Kraut Norbert , Adolf Günther R. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
BI 882370 is a highly potent and selective RAF inhibitor that binds to the DFG-out (inactive) conformation of the BRAF kinase. The compound inhibited proliferation of human BRAF–mutant melanoma cells with 100× higher potency (1–10 nmol/L) than vemurafenib, whereas wild-type cells were not affected at 1,000 nmol/L. BI 882370 administered orally was efficacious in multiple mouse models of BRAF-mutant melanomas and colorectal carcinomas, and at 25 mg/kg twice daily showed superior efficacy compared with vemurafenib, dabrafenib, or trametinib (dosed to provide exposures reached in patients). To model drug resistance, A375 melanoma–bearing mice were initially treated with vemurafenib; all tumors responded with regression, but the majority subsequently resumed growth. Trametinib did not show any efficacy in this progressing population. BI 882370 induced tumor regression; however, resistance developed within 3 weeks. BI 882370 in combination with trametinib resulted in more pronounced regressions, and resistance was not observed during 5 weeks of second-line therapy. Importantly, mice treated with BI 882370 did not show any body weight loss or clinical signs of intolerability, and no pathologic changes were observed in several major organs investigated, including skin. Furthermore, a pilot study in rats (up to 60 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks) indicated lack of toxicity in terms of clinical chemistry, hematology, pathology, and toxicogenomics. Our results indicate the feasibility of developing novel compounds that provide an improved therapeutic window compared with first-generation BRAF inhibitors, resulting in more pronounced and long-lasting pathway suppression and thus improved efficacy. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(3); 354–65. ©2016 AACR.
Bacteria from Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Spores Gigaspora sp. and Glomus sp. : Their Antagonistic Effects towards Soilborne Fungal Pathogens and Growth Stimulation of Gigaspora sp. in vitro
Authors: Budi Sri Wilarso 
Published: February 2016

Eight isolates bacteria were isolated from surface sterilized endomycorrhizal spores of Gigaspora sp and six isolates bacteria isolated from Glomus sp. The tests to Â the antagonists against fungal pathogens and stimulation of endomycorrhizae hyphal development of Gigaspora sp Â in vitro Â showed that there were three.isolates (GG1, GG5 and GL3) that have the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogens and enhance the development of hyphae in vitro. Enzymatic activity test showed that there were seven isolates that produce cellulase and protease activity that is GG1, GG3, GG6, GG7, GL2, GL4 and GL6Â Key words : Bacteria, Endomycorrhizal Spores, Antagonistic effects, Stimulation effects, Fungal pathogens
Flora of Fergusson College campus, Pune, India: monitoring changes over half a century
Authors: Nerlekar Ashish N. , Lapalikar Sairandhri A. , Onkar Akshay A. , Laware S. L. , Mahajan M. C. 
Published: February 2016

<p>The present study was aimed at determining the vascular plant species richness of an urban green-space- the Fergusson College campus, Pune and comparing it with the results of the past flora which was documented in 1958 by Dr. V.D. Vartak. For this, the species richness data was obtained by both secondary sources and intensive surveys from 2009–2014. The data from the primary and secondary sources resulted in the documentation of 812 species belonging to 542 genera under 124 families, of which 534 species (65.8%) exists today as compared to 654 in 1958 (net loss of 120 species). Of the 812 species listed, 278 species were observed only during the past, 210 species were exclusively recorded in the current survey and 324 species were observed both, in the past as well as current survey. Arboreal species richness recorded till date (196) in the campus accounts for 40.7% of that of the entire Pune City. Leguminosae and Poaceae were the dominant dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous families respectively and an inventory of all the species recorded is provided. Although the botanical garden over the past years has lost 187 species, it still houses rare species such as <em>Acacia greggii,</em> which has been reported from Maharashtra for the first time. Considering the rapidly changing urban land use in the city, much attention should be paid towards the conservation of these green spaces, for which such studies provide baseline data.</p><div> </div>
Rediscovery, systematics and proposed Red List status of Ledebouria junnarensis S.S. Rahangdale and S.R. Rahangdale nom. nov. (Asparagaceae) - an endemic species from the Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Rahangdale Savita Sanjaykumar , Rahangdale Sanjaykumar Ramlal 
Published: February 2016

<p>A new name in the genus <em>Ledebouria</em> Roth is validated for <em>Scilla viridis</em> Blatter &amp; Hallberg [non <em>Scilla viridis </em>(L.) Salisbury]. It is rediscovered after about 85 years of its first and only report. It is also redescribed on the basis of morphology, anatomy, cytology and assigned the name <em>Ledebouria junnarensis </em>S.S. Rahangdale &amp; S.R. Rahangdale belonging to the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Hyacinthoideae. As this is a species endemic to the Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India, it is studied for threat status as per IUCN criteria &amp; guidelines and assigned the status Critically Endangered B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii). Identification keys for the genera and species of subfamily Hyacinthoideae reported from India are prepared on the basis of reported and observed characters.</p><div> </div>
Tangled skeins: a first report of non-captive mating behavior in the Southeast Asian Paradise Flying Snake (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae: Chrysopelea paradisi)
Authors: Kaiser Hinrich , Lim Johnny , Worth Heike , O’Shea Mark 
Published: February 2016

<p>We describe the courtship behavior of the Paradise Flying Snake, <em>Chrysopelea paradisi</em>, from a series of images taken near Sandakan, eastern Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia. During the episode observed, four males moved together with a female in various states of entanglement, traveling at ground level and into a series of bushes. The observations took place over the course of a 30-min period until the snakes were lost to view. Our report is the first direct observation of mating behavior in <em>C. paradisi</em> in the wild and provides another rare glimpse of the multi-male courtship in Southeast Asian colubrids.</p><div> </div>
Long-horned grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) in Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Gaikwad Sunil M. , Koli Yogesh J. , Raut Gopal A. , Waghmare Sadashiv H. , Bhawane Ganesh P. 
Published: February 2016

<p>The present communication highlights the significant records of tettigoniids from Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary, Kolhapur, Maharashtra State. A total of 11 species belonging to five subfamilies distributed over 11 genera are discussed. Out of these 11 species nine are known from Maharashtra and two are new locality records. Each subfamily is represented by only one species of which <em>Phyllozelus </em>(<em>Phyllozelus</em>)<em> siccus siccus </em>and <em>Hexacentrus unicolor </em>are new records to Maharashtra.</p><div> </div>
Basigin Promotes Cardiac Fibrosis and Failure in Response to Chronic Pressure Overload in Mice
Authors: Suzuki Kota , Satoh Kimio , Ikeda Shohei , Sunamura Shinichiro , Otsuki Tomohiro , Satoh Taijyu , Kikuchi Nobuhiro , Omura Junichi , Kurosawa Ryo , Nogi Masamichi , Numano Kazuhiko , Sugimura Koichiro , Aoki Tatsuo , Tatebe Shunsuke , Miyata Satoshi , Mukherjee Rupak , Spinale Francis G. , Kadomatsu Kenji , Shimokawa Hiroaki 
Published: February 2016

Objective—
Basigin (Bsg) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that activates matrix metalloproteinases and promotes inflammation. However, the role of Bsg in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and failure remains to be elucidated. We examined the role of Bsg in cardiac hypertrophy and failure in mice and humans.

Approach and Results—

We performed transverse aortic constriction in
Bsg

+/–

and in wild-type mice.
Bsg

+/–

mice showed significantly less heart and lung weight and cardiac interstitial fibrosis compared with littermate controls after transverse aortic constriction. Both matrix metalloproteinase activities and oxidative stress in loaded left ventricle were significantly less in
Bsg

+/–

mice compared with controls. Echocardiography showed that
Bsg

+/–

mice showed less hypertrophy, less left ventricular dilatation, and preserved left ventricular fractional shortening compared with littermate controls after transverse aortic constriction. Consistently,
Bsg

+/–

mice showed a significantly improved long-term survival after transverse aortic constriction compared with
Bsg

+/+

mice, regardless of the source of bone marrow (
Bsg

+/+

or
Bsg

+/–

). Conversely, cardiac-specific Bsg-overexpressing mice showed significantly poor survival compared with littermate controls. Next, we isolated cardiac fibroblasts and examined their responses to angiotensin II or mechanical stretch. Both stimuli significantly increased Bsg expression, cytokines/chemokines secretion, and extracellular signal–regulated kinase/Akt/JNK activities in
Bsg

+/+

cardiac fibroblasts, all of which were significantly less in
Bsg

+/–

cardiac fibroblasts. Consistently, extracellular and intracellular Bsg significantly promoted cardiac fibroblast proliferation. Finally, serum levels of Bsg were significantly elevated in patients with heart failure and predicted poor prognosis.

Conclusions—
These results indicate the crucial roles of intracellular and extracellular Bsg in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and failure in mice and humans.
High-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions and Cholesterol Efflux Capacities After Infusion of MDCO-216 (Apolipoprotein A-IMilano/Palmitoyl-Oleoyl-Phosphatidylcholine) in Healthy Volunteers and Stable Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Authors: Kempen Herman J. , Asztalos Bela F. , Moerland Matthijs , Jeyarajah Elias , Otvos James , Kallend David G. , Bellibas S. Eralp , Wijngaard Peter L.J. 
Published: February 2016

Objective—
To determine effects of single ascending doses of MDCO-216 on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions in relation to changes in cholesterol efflux capacity in healthy volunteers and in patients with stable angina pectoris.

Approach and Results—

Doses of 5- (in volunteers only), 10-, 20-, 30-, and 40-mg/kg MDCO-216 were infused during 2 hours, and plasma and serum were collected during 30 days. Plasma levels of HDL subfractions were assessed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and image analysis. Lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes were also assessed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (
1
H-NMR). There was a rapid dose-dependent increase of total apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in pre-β1, α-1, and α-2 HDL levels and decrease in α-3 and α-4 HDL. Using a selective antibody apoA-IMilano was detected in the large α-1 and α-2 HDL on all doses and at each time point. ApoA-IMilano was also detected at the α-4 position but only at high doses.
1
H-NMR analysis similarly showed a rapid and dose-dependent shift from small- to large-sized HDL particles. The increase of basal and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1–mediated efflux capacities reported previously correlated strongly and independently with the increase in pre-β1-HDL and α-1 HDL, but not with that in α-2 HDL.

Conclusions—
On infusion, MDCO-216 rapidly eliminates small HDL and leads to formation of α-1 and α-2 HDL containing both wild-type apoA-I and apoA-IMilano. In this process, endogenous apoA-I is liberated appearing as pre-β1-HDL. In addition to pre-β1-HDL, the newly formed α-1 HDL particle containing apoA-I Milano may have a direct effect on cholesterol efflux capacity.
GNB3 C825T Polymorphism and Myocardial Recovery in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sheppard Richard , Hsich Eileen , Damp Julie , Elkayam Uri , Kealey Angela , Ramani Gautam , Zucker Mark , Alexis Jeffrey D. , Horne Benjamin D. , Hanley-Yanez Karen , Pisarcik Jessica , Halder Indrani , Fett James D. , McNamara Dennis M. 
Published: February 2016

Background—
Black women are at greater risk for peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). The guanine nucleotide–binding proteins β-3 subunit (GNB3) has a polymorphism C825T. The GNB3 TT genotype more prevalent in blacks is associated with poorer outcomes. We evaluated GNB3 genotype and myocardial recovery in PPCM.

Methods and Results—

A total of 97 women with PPCM were enrolled and genotyped for the GNB3 T/C polymorphism. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed by echocardiography at entry, 6 and 12 months postpartum. LVEF over time in subjects with the GNB3 TT genotype was compared with those with the C allele overall and in black and white subsets. The cohort was 30% black, age 30+6, LVEF 0.34+0.10 at entry 31+25 days postpartum. The % GNB3 genotype for TT/CT/CC=23/41/36 and differed markedly by race (blacks=52/38/10 versus whites=10/44/46,
P
<0.001). In subjects with the TT genotype, LVEF at entry was lower (TT=0.31+0.09; CT+CC=0.35+0.09,
P
=0.054) and this difference increased at 6 (TT=0.45+0.15; CT+CC=0.53+0.08,
P
=0.002) and 12 months (TT=0.45+0.15; CT+CC=0.56+0.07,
P
<0.001.). The difference in LVEF at 12 months by genotype was most pronounced in blacks (12 months LVEF for GNB3 TT=0.39+0.16; versus CT+CC=0.53+0.09,
P
=0.02) but evident in whites (TT=0.50++0.11; CT+CC=0.56+0.06,
P
=0.04).

Conclusions—
The GNB3 TT genotype was associated with lower LVEF at 6 and 12 months in women with PPCM, and this was particularly evident in blacks. Racial differences in the prevalence and impact of GNB3 TT may contribute to poorer outcomes in black women with PPCM.
Drp1-Dependent Mitochondrial Autophagy Plays a Protective Role Against Pressure Overload–Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Heart Failure
Authors: Shirakabe Akihiro , Zhai Peiyong , Ikeda Yoshiyuki , Saito Toshiro , Maejima Yasuhiro , Hsu Chiao-Po , Nomura Masatoshi , Egashira Kensuke , Levine Beth , Sadoshima Junichi 
Published: February 2016

Background—
Mitochondrial autophagy is an important mediator of mitochondrial quality control in cardiomyocytes. The occurrence of mitochondrial autophagy and its significance during cardiac hypertrophy are not well understood.

Methods and Results—

Mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and observed at multiple time points up to 30 days. Cardiac hypertrophy developed after 5 days, the ejection fraction was reduced after 14 days, and heart failure was observed 30 days after TAC. General autophagy was upregulated between 1 and 12 hours after TAC but was downregulated below physiological levels 5 days after TAC. Mitochondrial autophagy, evaluated by electron microscopy, mitochondrial content, and Keima with mitochondrial localization signal, was transiently activated at ≈3 to 7 days post-TAC, coinciding with mitochondrial translocation of Drp1. However, it was downregulated thereafter, followed by mitochondrial dysfunction. Haploinsufficiency of Drp1 abolished mitochondrial autophagy and exacerbated the development of both mitochondrial dysfunction and heart failure after TAC. Injection of Tat-Beclin 1, a potent inducer of autophagy, but not control peptide, on day 7 after TAC, partially rescued mitochondrial autophagy and attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction and heart failure induced by overload. Haploinsufficiency of either
drp1
or
beclin 1
prevented the rescue by Tat-Beclin 1, suggesting that its effect is mediated in part through autophagy, including mitochondrial autophagy.

Conclusions—
Mitochondrial autophagy is transiently activated and then downregulated in the mouse heart in response to pressure overload. Downregulation of mitochondrial autophagy plays an important role in mediating the development of mitochondrial dysfunction and heart failure, whereas restoration of mitochondrial autophagy attenuates dysfunction in the heart during pressure overload.
Growth and Decay of a Convective Boundary Layer over a Surface with a Constant Temperature
Authors: van Heerwaarden Chiel C. , Mellado Juan Pedro 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The growth and decay of a convective boundary layer (CBL) over a surface with a constant surface temperature that develops into a linear stratification is studied, and a mathematical model for this system is derived. The study is based on direct numerical simulations with four different Reynolds numbers; the two simulations with the largest Reynolds numbers display Reynolds number similarity, suggesting that the results can be extrapolated to the atmosphere. Because of the interplay of the growing CBL and the gradually decreasing surface buoyancy flux, the system has a complex time evolution in which integrated kinetic energy, buoyancy flux, and dissipation peak and subsequently decay. The derived model provides characteristic scales for bulk properties of the CBL. Even though the system is unsteady, self-similar vertical profiles of buoyancy, buoyancy flux, and velocity variances are recovered. There are two important implications for atmospheric modeling. First, the magnitude of the surface buoyancy flux sets the time scale of the system; thus, over a rough surface the roughness length is a key variable. Therefore, the performance of the surface model is crucial in large-eddy simulations of convection over water surfaces. Second, during the phase in which kinetic energy decays, the integrated kinetic energy never follows a power law, because the buoyancy flux and dissipation balance until the kinetic energy has almost vanished. Therefore, the applicability of power-law decay models to the afternoon transition in the atmospheric boundary layer is questionable; the presented model provides a physically sound alternative.
Are Suspects Who Resist Arrest Defiant, Desperate, or Disoriented?
Authors: Whichard Corey , Felson Richard B. 
Published: February 2016

Objectives: We examine three reasons why suspects resist arrest: (1) defiance of police authority by suspects from lower-status groups, (2) risky decisions resulting from aversion to sure losses, and (3) impairment due to mental illness and substance use. Methods: We use nationally representative survey data from about 17,000 state and federal inmates who were asked whether they resisted arrest when they committed the crime that led to their incarceration. Results: Suspects’ resistance is unrelated to their race/ethnicity, education, or unemployment. On the other hand, suspects are more resistant when they are carrying contraband (e.g., illegal weapons, drugs, stolen property) or are under community supervision (i.e., parolees, probationers, or escapees). Resistance is also positively related to mental illness, illicit drug use, and alcohol intoxication. Conclusions: Our results do not support the idea that resistance is an expression of defiance from lower-status suspects. They are consistent with prospect theory, which argues that decision makers become risk-seeking, when the alternative is to accept a sure loss. Our results suggest that resistant suspects are best understood as either desperate or disoriented decision makers.