bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Praca strunobetonowych belek mostowych typu „T” z kruszywem wapiennym pod obciążeniem długotrwałym i doraźnym
Authors: Biskup Mirosław , Skawiński Jan 
Published: October 2024

Rosnące zapotrzebowanie budownictwa na kruszywa oraz coraz większe koszty ich wydobycia i transportu sprawiły, że od dłuższego czasu bierze się pod uwagę możliwość stosowania kruszyw wapiennych w sprężonych obiektach inżynierskich.
W odpowiedzi na te rozważania podjęto badania prefabrykatów strunobetonowych wykonanych z betonu na bazie kruszywa wapiennego, w celu doświadczalnego zweryfikowania ich właściwości pod względem zgodności podstawowych parametrów materiałowych i konstrukcyjnych z założeniami projektowymi oraz normowymi.
Do badań wytypowano belki strunobetonowe typu T12/2010 wykonane z betonu na bazie grysu wapiennego frakcji 2/8 i 8/16 z kopalni w Sitkówce koło Kielc.
Zakres pracy obejmował badania próbek betonowych oraz badania doraźne i długotrwałe gotowych elementów prefabrykowanych realizowane na poligonie i w laboratorium. Uzyskane wyniki badań wykazały, że beton z kruszywem wapiennym może mieć nie gorsze właściwości mechaniczne od betonów na bazie kruszyw ze skał magmowych, a wykonane z niego belki sprężone spełniają założenia projektowe dla poszczególnych faz pracy elementu.
Ocena odporności asfaltu modyfikowanego na spękania niskotemperaturowe na podstawie wskaźnika koloidalnego
Authors: Budziński Bartosz , Ratajczak Maria 
Published: October 2024

Jedną z przyczyn uszkodzeń nawierzchni asfaltowych w regionach świata, gdzie występują ujemne temperatury, są spękania niskotemperaturowe. Aby przeciwdziałać temu zjawisku, projektowane są mieszanki mineralno-asfaltowe (MMA), które mają być odporne na występowanie takich pęknięć. Dobór lepiszcza asfaltowego ma kluczowe znaczenie dla żywotności nawierzchni drogowej i jej odporności na powstawanie spękań. Autorzy w artykule dokonali oceny wpływu rodzaju lepiszcza na odporność niskotemperaturową mieszanek mineralno-asfaltowych. W badaniu wykorzystano kilka asfaltów modyfikowanych, zarówno średnio-, jak i wysokomodyfikowanych (HiMA). Określono podstawowe parametry asfaltów (temperatura mięknienia, penetracja) oraz oznaczono skład grupowy (SARA). Jako kryterium prawidłowego doboru lepiszcza zastosowano wskaźnik koloidalny. Przeprowadzono również testy odporności na pękanie w niskiej temperaturze na mieszankach mineralno-asfaltowych. Badanie przeprowadzono za pomocą metody TSRST. Wyniki pokazały, że zastosowanie asfaltu modyfikowanego poprawia parametry MMA w niskich temperaturach. Zauważono również, że ocena odporności na pękanie w niskiej temperaturze za pomocą wskaźnika koloidalnego nie jest skuteczna w przypadku asfaltów modyfikowanych; do ich oceny konieczne jest opracowanie innej metodyki badawczej.
Early‐Time Solution of the Horizontal Unconfined Aquifer in the Buildup Phase
Authors: Gravanis Elias , Akylas Evangelos 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe derive the early‐time solution of the Boussinesq equation for the horizontal unconfined aquifer in the buildup phase under constant recharge and zero inflow. The solution is expressed as a power series of a suitable similarity variable, which is constructed so that to satisfy the boundary conditions at both ends of the aquifer, that is, it is a polynomial approximation of the exact solution. The series turns out to be asymptotic and it is regularized by resummation techniques that are used to define divergent series. The outflow rate in this regime is linear in time, and the (dimensionless) coefficient is calculated to eight significant figures. The local error of the series is quantified by its deviation from satisfying the self‐similar Boussinesq equation at every point. The local error turns out to be everywhere positive, hence, so is the integrated error, which in turn quantifies the degree of convergence of the series to the exact solution.
Storm and Substorm Causes and Effects at Midlatitude Location for the St. Patrick's 2013 and 2015 Events
Authors: Guerrero A. , Palacios J. , Rodríguez‐Bouza M. , Rodríguez‐Bilbao I. , Aran A. , Cid C. , Herraiz M. , Saiz E. , Rodríguez‐Caderot G. , Cerrato Y. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMidlatitude locations are unique regions exposed to both geomagnetic storm and substorm effects, which may be superposed on specific events imposing an extra handicap for the analysis and identification of the sources and triggers. We study space weather effects at the midlatitude location of the Iberian Peninsula for the St. Patrick's day events in 2013 and 2015. We have been able to identify and separate storm and substorm effects on ground magnetometer data from San Pablo‐Toledo observatory during storm time revealing important contributions of the Substorm Current Wedge on both events. The analysis of these substorm local signatures have shown to be related to the production of effective geomagnetically induced currents and ionospheric disturbances as measured from Global Navigation Satellite Systems data at MAD2 IGS permanent station and not directly related to the storm main phase. The whole Sun‐to‐Earth chain has been analyzed in order to identify the solar and interplanetary triggers. In both events a high‐speed stream (HSS) and a coronal mass ejections (CME) are involved, though for 2015 event, the HSS has merged with the CME, increasing the storm geoeffectiveness. The enhancement of substorm geoeffectiveness is justified by the effects of the inclined magnetic axes of the Sun and of the Earth during equinox period.
The Story of a Yakima Fold and How It Informs Late Neogene and Quaternary Backarc Deformation in the Cascadia Subduction Zone, Manastash Anticline, Washington, USA
Authors: Kelsey Harvey M. , Ladinsky Tyler C. , Staisch Lydia , Sherrod Brian L. , Blakely Richard J. , Pratt Thomas L. , Stephenson William J. , Odum Jack K. , Wan Elmira 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Yakima folds of central Washington, USA, are prominent anticlines that are the primary tectonic features of the backarc of the northern Cascadia subduction zone. What accounts for their topographic expression and how much strain do they accommodate and over what time period? We investigate Manastash anticline, a north vergent fault propagation fold typical of structures in the fold province. From retrodeformation of line‐ and area‐balanced cross sections, the crust has horizontally shortened by 11% (0.8–0.9 km). The fold, and by inference all other folds in the fold province, formed no earlier than 15.6 Ma as they developed on a landscape that was reset to negligible relief following voluminous outpouring of Grande Ronde Basalt. Deformation is accommodated on two fault sets including west‐northwest striking frontal thrust faults and shorter north to northeast striking faults. The frontal thrust fault system is active with late Quaternary scarps at the base of the range front. The fault‐cored Manastash anticline terminates to the east at the Naneum anticline and fault; activity on the north trending Naneum structures predates emplacement of the Grande Ronde Basalt. The west trending Yakima folds and west striking thrust faults, the shorter north to northeast striking faults, and the Naneum fault together constitute the tectonic structures that accommodate deformation in the low strain rate environment in the backarc of the Cascadia Subduction Zone.
Interaction Between Ecohydrologic Dynamics and Microtopographic Variability Under Climate Change
Authors: Le Phong V. V. , Kumar Praveen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractVegetation acclimation resulting from elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, along with response to increased temperature and altered rainfall pattern, is expected to result in emergent behavior in ecologic and hydrologic functions. We hypothesize that microtopographic variability, which are landscape features typically of the length scale of the order of meters, such as topographic depressions, will play an important role in determining this dynamics by altering the persistence and variability of moisture. To investigate these emergent ecohydrologic dynamics, we develop a modeling framework, Dhara, which explicitly incorporates the control of microtopographic variability on vegetation, moisture, and energy dynamics. The intensive computational demand from such a modeling framework that allows coupling of multilayer modeling of the soil‐vegetation continuum with 3‐D surface‐subsurface flow processes is addressed using hybrid CPU‐GPU parallel computing framework. The study is performed for different climate change scenarios for an intensively managed agricultural landscape in central Illinois, USA, which is dominated by row‐crop agriculture, primarily soybean (Glycine max) and maize (Zea mays). We show that rising CO2 concentration will decrease evapotranspiration, thus increasing soil moisture and surface water ponding in topographic depressions. However, increased atmospheric demand from higher air temperature overcomes this conservative behavior resulting in a net increase of evapotranspiration, leading to reduction in both soil moisture storage and persistence of ponding. These results shed light on the linkage between vegetation acclimation under climate change and microtopography variability controls on ecohydrologic processes.
Evidence for the Activation of Shallow Preferential Flow Paths in a Tropical Panama Watershed Using Germanium and Silicon
Authors: Gardner Christopher B. , Litt Guy F. , Lyons W. Berry , Ogden Fred L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn humid tropical watersheds, the hydrologic flow paths taken by rain event waters and how they interact with groundwater and soil matrix water to form streamflow are poorly understood. Preferential flow paths (PFPs) confound storm infiltration processes, especially in the humid tropics where PFPs are common. This work applies germanium (Ge) and silicon (Si) as natural flow path tracers in conjunction with water stable isotopes and electrical conductivity to examine the rapid delivery of shallow soil water, the activation of PFPs, and event water partitioning in an experimental catchment in central Panama. We employed a three‐component mixing model for hydrograph separation using the following end‐member waters: (i) base flow (high [Si], low [Ge], and low Ge/Si ratio), (ii) dilute canopy throughfall (low [Si] and low [Ge]), and (iii) shallow (<15 cm) soil matrix water (low [Si], high [Ge], and high Ge/Si ratio). These three end‐members bounded all observed Ge/Si streamflow ratios. During small rain events (<∼24 mm), base flow and dilute canopy throughfall components dominated stormflow. During larger precipitation events (>∼35 mm), we detected the third shallow soil water component with an elevated [Ge] and Ge/Si ratio. This component reached its maximum during the hydrograph's receding limb coincident with the maximum event fraction, and increased proportionally to the total storm rainfall exceeding ∼35 mm. Only shallow (<15 cm) soil matrix water exhibited elevated Ge concentrations and high Ge/Si ratios. This third component represents rapidly delivered soil matrix water combined with shallow lateral PFP activation through which event waters interact with soil minerals.
River Mixing in the Amazon as a Driver of Concentration‐Discharge Relationships
Authors: Bouchez Julien , Moquet Jean‐Sébastien , Espinoza Jhan Carlo , Martinez Jean‐Michel , Guyot Jean‐Loup , Lagane Christelle , Filizola Naziano , Noriega Luis , Hidalgo Sanchez Liz , Pombosa Rodrigo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLarge hydrological systems aggregate compositionally different waters derived from a variety of pathways. In the case of continental‐scale rivers, such aggregation occurs noticeably at confluences between tributaries. Here we explore how such aggregation can affect solute concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relationships and thus obscure the message carried by these relationships in terms of weathering properties of the Critical Zone. We build up a simple model for tributary mixing to predict the behavior ofC‐Qrelationships during aggregation. We test a set of predictions made in the context of the largest world's river, the Amazon. In particular, we predict that theC‐Qrelationships of the rivers draining heterogeneous catchments should be the most “dilutional” and should display the widest hysteresis loops. To check these predictions, we compute 10 day‐periodicity time series ofQand major solute (Si, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Cl‐,)Cand fluxes (F) for 13 gauging stations located throughout the Amazon basin. In agreement with the model predictions,C‐Qrelationships of most solutes shift from a fairly “chemostatic” behavior (nearly constantC) at the Andean mountain front and in pure lowland areas, to more “dilutional” patterns (negativeC‐Qrelationship) toward the system mouth. More prominentC‐Qhysteresis loops are also observed at the most downstream stations. Altogether, this study suggests that mixing of water and solutes between different flowpaths exerts a strong control onC‐Qrelationships of large‐scale hydrological systems.
Effects of the Structure of Water Rights on Agricultural Production During Drought: A Spatiotemporal Analysis of California's Central Valley
Authors: Nelson K. S. , Burchfield E. K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCalifornia's Central Valley region has been called the “bread‐basket” of the United States. The region is home to one of the most productive agricultural systems on the planet. Such high levels of agricultural productivity require large amounts of fresh water for irrigation. However, the long‐term availability of water required to sustain high levels of agricultural production is being called into question following the latest drought in California. In this paper, we use Bayesian multilevel spatiotemporal modeling techniques to examine the influence of the structure of surface water rights in the Central Valley on agricultural production during the recent drought. California is an important place to study these dynamics as it is the only state to recognize the two dominant approaches to surface water management in the United States: riparian and appropriative rights. In this study, Bayesian spatiotemporal modeling is employed to account for spatial processes that have the potential to influence the effects of water right structures on agricultural production. Results suggest that, after accounting for spatiotemporal dependencies in the data, seniority in surface water access significantly improves crop health and productivity on cultivated lands but does not independently affect the ability to maintain cultivated extent. In addition, agricultural productivity in watersheds with more junior surface water rights shows less sensitivity to cumulative drought exposure than other watersheds, however the extent of cultivation in these same watersheds is relatively more sensitive to cumulative drought exposure.
Role of Sectoral Transformation in the Evolution of Water Management Norms in Agricultural Catchments: A Sociohydrologic Modeling Analysis
Authors: Roobavannan M. , Kandasamy J. , Pande S. , Vigneswaran S. , Sivapalan M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study is focused on the water‐agriculture‐environment nexus as it played out in the Murrumbidgee River Basin, eastern Australia, and how coevolution of society and water management actually transpired. Over 100 years of agricultural development the Murrumbidgee Basin experienced a “pendulum swing” in terms of water allocation, initially exclusively for agriculture production changing over to reallocation back to the environment. In this paper, we hypothesize that in the competition for water between economic livelihood and environmental wellbeing, economic diversification was the key to swinging community sentiment in favor of environmental protection, and triggering policy action that resulted in more water allocation to the environment. To test this hypothesis, we developed a sociohydrology model to link the dynamics of the whole economy (both agriculture and industry composed of manufacturing and services) to the community's sensitivity toward the environment. Changing community sensitivity influenced how water was allocated and governed and how the agricultural sector grew relative to the industrial sector (composed of manufacturing and services sectors). In this way, we show that economic diversification played a key role in influencing the community's values and preferences with respect to the environment and economic growth. Without diversification, model simulations show that the community would not have been sufficiently sensitive and willing enough to act to restore the environment, highlighting the key role of sectoral transformation in achieving the goal of sustainable agricultural development.
Hydrologic Impacts of Landslide Disturbances: Implications for Remobilization and Hazard Persistence
Authors: Mirus Benjamin B. , Smith Joel B. , Baum Rex L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLandslides typically alter hillslope topography, but may also change the hydrologic connectivity and subsurface water‐storage dynamics. In settings where mobile materials are not completely evacuated from steep slopes, influences of landslide disturbances on hillslope hydrology and susceptibility to subsequent failures remain poorly characterized. Since landslides often recur at the site of previous failures, we examine differences between a stable vegetated hillslope (VH) and a recent landslide (LS). These neighboring hillslopes exhibit similar topography and are situated on steep landslide‐prone coastal bluffs of glacial deposits along the northeastern shore of Puget Sound, Washington. Our control hillslope, VH, is mantled by a heterogeneous colluvium, supporting a dense forest. In early 2013, our test hillslope, LS, also supported a forest before a landslide substantially altered the topography and disturbed the hillslope. In 2015, we observed a clay‐rich landslide deposit at LS with sparse vegetation and limited root reinforcement, soil structures, and macropores. Our characterization of the sites also found matrix porosity and hydraulic conductivity are both lower at LS. Continuous monitoring during 2015–2016 revealed reduced effective precipitation at VH (due to canopy interception), an earlier seasonal transition to near‐saturated conditions at LS, and longer persistence of positive pore pressures and slower drainage at LS (both seasonally and between major storm events). These differences, along with episodic, complex slope failures at LS support the hypothesis that, despite a reduced average slope, other disturbances introduced by landsliding may promote the hydrologic conditions leading to slope instability, thus contributing to the persistence of landslide hazards.
Concentration‐Discharge Relations in the Critical Zone: Implications for Resolving Critical Zone Structure, Function, and Evolution
Authors: Chorover Jon , Derry Louis A. , McDowell William H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCritical zone science seeks to develop mechanistic theories that describe critical zone structure, function, and long‐term evolution. One postulate is that hydrogeochemical controls on critical zone evolution can be inferred from solute discharges measured down‐gradient of reactive flow paths. These flow paths have variable lengths, interfacial compositions, and residence times, and their mixing is reflected in concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relations. Motivation for this special section originates from a U.S. Critical Zone Observatories workshop that was held at the University of New Hampshire, 20–22 July 2015. The workshop focused on resolving mechanistic CZ controls over surface water chemical dynamics across the full range of lithogenic (e.g., nonhydrolyzing and hydrolyzing cations and oxyanions) and bioactive solutes (e.g., organic and inorganic forms of C, N, P, and S), including dissolved and colloidal species that may cooccur for a given element. Papers submitted to this special section on “concentration‐discharge relations in the critical zone” include those from authors who attended the workshop, as well as others who responded to the open solicitation. Submissions were invited that utilized information pertaining to internal, integrated catchment function (relations between hydrology, biogeochemistry, and landscape structure) to help illuminate controls on observed C‐Q relations.
Pre‐Darcy Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Dejam Morteza , Hassanzadeh Hassan , Chen Zhangxin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFluid flow in porous media is very important in a wide range of science and engineering applications. The entire establishment of fluid flow application in porous media is based on the use of an experimental law proposed by Darcy (1856). There are evidences in the literature that the flow of a fluid in consolidated and unconsolidated porous media does not follow Darcy law at very low fluxes, which is called pre‐Darcy flow. In this paper, the unsteady flow regimes of a slightly compressible fluid under the linear and radial pre‐Darcy flow conditions are modeled and the corresponding highly nonlinear diffusivity equations are solved analytically by aid of a generalized Boltzmann transformation technique. The influence of pre‐Darcy flow on the pressure diffusion for homogeneous porous media is studied in terms of the nonlinear exponent and the threshold pressure gradient. In addition, the pressure gradient, flux, and cumulative production per unit area are compared with the classical solution of the diffusivity equation based on Darcy flow. The presented results advance our understanding of fluid flow in low‐permeability media such as shale and tight formations, where pre‐Darcy is the dominant flow regime.