bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron(III)-Based Magnetic Resonance–Imageable Liposomal T1 Contrast Agent for Monitoring Temperature-Induced Image-Guided Drug Delivery
Authors: Kneepkens Esther , Fernandes Adriana , Nicolay Klaas , Grüll Holger 
Published: June 2016

Objectives
Drug-loaded temperature-sensitive liposomes (TSLs) allow heat-triggered local drug delivery to tumors. When magnetic resonance–guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) is applied to heat up the tumor, corelease of a drug together with an MR contrast agent (CA) from TSLs allows for indirect imaging of the drug release with MR imaging. However, liposomal encapsulation of commonly used gadolinium (Gd)-based MR CAs leads to prolonged retention times in the liver and spleen, which could lead to a transmetallation and redistribution of Gd to other organs. Therefore, an alternative non–Gd-containing T1-MR CA based on encapsulated Fe-succinyl deferoxamine (Fe-SDFO) is proposed as a safe alternative for similar Gd-based systems in image-guided drug delivery applications.

Materials and Methods
Temperature-sensitive liposomes were loaded with either doxorubicin or Fe-SDFO. Both systems were characterized in vitro with respect to stability, release kinetics, and MR imaging properties. In an in vivo proof-of-concept study, rats bearing a subcutaneous glioma on their hind limb were injected intravenously with a mixture of TSLs encapsulating doxorubicin or Fe-SDFO. Afterwards, the tumors were subjected to an MR-HIFU treatment (2 × 10–15 minutes at 42°C, n = 5) or a control treatment (n = 5). The release of Fe-SDFO from TSLs was quantified in vivo with R1 maps and correlated with the ex vivo determined tumor doxorubicin concentration.

Results
Temperature-sensitive liposomes containing doxorubicin or Fe-SDFO were comparable in diameter and phase transition temperature Tm. Both systems showed a fast release at 42°C and good stability at 37°C. Unheated Fe-SDFO-TSLs displayed an r1 of 0.80 ± 0.01 mM−1s−1 (T = 37°C, B = 3 T), which increased to 1.35 ± 0.02 mM−1s−1 after release at 42°C. In MR-HIFU studies, tumor R1 maps showed an average relaxation rate change upon heating of ΔR1 = 0.20 ± 0.04 s−1. The R1 change across the tumor was not always homogeneous. The doxorubicin uptake in the tumor showed a linear correlation with the induced ΔR1 (R2
adj = 0.41).

Conclusions
Doxorubicin-loaded and Fe-SDFO–loaded TSLs displayed favorable release and stability characteristics in vitro. An in vivo proof-of-concept study showed the feasibility of monitoring drug release using the newly designed iron(III)-based CA loaded TSLs. The measured R1-contrast change correlated with the amount of doxorubicin delivered to the tumor. Moreover, the pattern of R1 change could elucidate the pattern of drug release across the tumor. This new iron(III)-based liposomal MR CA is a promising alternative to comparable Gd-based systems.
Aggregation tendencies of a femaleVaejovis carolinianuspopulation on France mountain, Tennessee
Authors: Baggett Bob A. , Ritter Hannah E. , Melendez Margaret E. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTFrance Mountain is located within Overton County which is part of the Upper Cumberland region of Middle Tennessee contains only one species of scorpion, also the only species native to the state,Vaejovis carolinianus. This species is poorly researched, and little is known about its life history and ecology. The objectives of this study were to determine if femaleV. carolinianusprefer to form aggregations under large cover objects or seek out retreat sites where they would be the sole occupant. Based on past research, we hypothesized that females would form aggregations under large cover objects instead of being the sole occupant. A total of 32 scorpions were captured during August and September 2014. During laboratory trials, three scorpions were placed in a plywood tray containing sand substrate and three equally-sized large ceramic tiles. The scorpions were left undisturbed for a 24-hour period, after which the tiles were lifted to check for aggregations. Each group of three scorpions was in the research tray for three consecutive days. Four rounds of aggregation trials were conducted, and t-tests as well as linear regression were used to analyze the data collected. The results of the t-test showed that femaleV. carolinianus, when given a choice of similarly-sized large cover objects, would select a retreat site where they were the sole occupant; therefore, our initial hypothesis was rejected. Linear regression found relative humidity affected aggregation occurrence, for the largest number of aggregations occurred when the relative humidity was between 67 and 73%.
Quantitative, model-based estimates of variability in the serial interval ofPlasmodium falciparummalaria
Authors: Huber John H. , Johnston Geoffrey L. , Greenhouse Bryan , Smith David L. , Perkins T. Alex 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground: The serial interval is a fundamentally important quantity in infectious disease epidemiology that has numerous applications to inferring patterns of transmission from case data. Many of these applications are apropos to efforts to eliminatePlasmodium falciparum (Pf)malaria from locations throughout the world, yet the serial interval for this disease is poorly understood quantitatively.Results: To obtain a quantitative estimate of the serial interval forPfmalaria, we took the sum of components of thePfmalaria transmission cycle based on a combination of mathematical models and empirical data. During this process, we identified a number of factors that account for substantial variability in the serial interval across different contexts. Treatment with antimalarial drugs roughly halves the serial interval, seasonality results in different serial intervals at different points in the transmission season, and variability in within-host dynamics results in many individuals whose serial intervals do not follow average behavior.Conclusions: These results have important implications for epidemiological applications that rely on quantitative estimates of the serial interval ofPfmalaria and other diseases characterized by prolonged infections and complex ecological drivers.
Bayesian inference of ancestral recombination graphs for bacterial populations
Authors: Vaughan Timothy G. , Welch David , Drummond Alexei J. , Biggs Patrick J. , George Tessy , French Nigel P. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHomologous recombination is a central feature of bacterial evolution, yet confounds traditional phylogenetic methods. While a number of methods specific to bacterial evolution have been developed, none of these permit joint inference of a bacterial recombination graph and associated parameters. In this paper, we present a new method which addresses this shortcoming. Our method uses a novel Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to perform phylogenetic inference under the ClonalOrigin model of Didelot et al. (Genetics, 2010). We demonstrate the utility of our method by applying it to rMLST data sequenced from pathogenic and non-pathogenicEscherichia coliserotype O157 and O26 isolates collected in rural New Zealand. The method is implemented as an open source BEAST 2 package, Bacter, which is available via the project web page attgvaughan.github.io/bacter
Exploring change conversations through the rhetoric of French leaders
Authors: Ben Lahouel Béchir , Montargot Nathalie 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to capitalize on a linguistic perspective to analyze the rhetoric of French leaders about organizational change.Design/methodology/approachTo address the research questions, the authors opted for a lexical content analysis. They use Ford and Ford’s (1995) change conversational framework and the speech act theory to analyze French CEOs’ letters to stakeholders, over the period 2007-2012.FindingsThe authors find that leaders’ rhetoric consists of three types of change conversations, namely, initiative, for understanding and for performance, that were underpinned by a network of assertive, expressive and commissive speech acts.Practical implicationsThe results reveal that the communication of change to external stakeholders can be characterized as supportive change conversations, offering assurance on the necessity, appropriateness and expected benefits of change.Originality/valueThis paper is the first work, in the French context, which integrates change conversations and speech act perspectives to examine the way leaders communicate with external stakeholders through CEOs letters. Previous research focused specially on communicating change with internal stakeholders.
The unseen costs of flexible working
Authors: Drury Pauline 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
To examine the impact of employing temporary contract workers (“temps”) alongside permanent employees on the social capital of the organization.

Design/methodology/approach
Uses discourse analysis to analyze data from semi-structured interviews with both temporary workers and permanent employees in a range of occupations at seven companies in different industries in Finland.

Findings
Agency workers, temporary workers or just “temps” – call them what you like, but reliance on individuals employed on a short-term contract basis appears to be here to stay. Since the 1990s, the use of temps has doubled across Europe and is still rising. The argument is that this provides the employer with a cheaper, more flexible workforce. But asking temporary and permanent employees to work together has a significant impact on the social fabric of the organization.

Practical implications
Suggests that human resource managers review contracts with agencies providing temporary workers. Notes that practices that leave temps feeling like “second-class citizens” can damage the social fabric of the workgroup and undermine team effectiveness.

Social implications
Highlights potentially harmful effects on social capital and organizational performance resulting from an unequal treatment of temps and permanent employees doing the same job within a workgroup.

Originality/value
A qualitative study focusing on the feelings and emotions evoked by the growing use of temporary contract workers from the viewpoint of both the temps and the permanent employees they work with.
Smoothing the passage to India
Authors: Cole Graham 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
The global nature of business in the twenty-first century has opened up new opportunities for multinational corporations (MNCs). Many are increasingly paying attention to the key emerging markets, where robust growth has largely been the norm over recent decades. China and India are the obvious targets. Both the nations consistently exceed the average growth worldwide and have experienced a meteoric rise through the economy rankings. Where the rate of expansion is concerned, China has long been the benchmark. However, by 2030, India is predicted to become the leader in this respect.

Practical implications
The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent, information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
All in it together?
Authors: Linacre Simon 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
Come election time, there are relatively few policies the politicians actually get scrutinized on. The economy gets all the headlines, alongside health and defense, as well as some eye-catching new idea political parties adopt to attract voters. However, rarely do specific policies at the micro level come under the spotlight, unless the media can spot inaccuracies or impending disaster with which they can use for a few inches of newsprint.

Practical implications
This paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Social philosophy curriculum in social science and humanities structured doctoral programmes
Authors: Bastalich Wendy 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe an experiment in a non-credit bearing series of social philosophy workshops offered to social science and humanities disciplines in an Australian university.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper outlines the design rationale and learning objectives for the workshop series. The data set includes qualitative student responses to 501 post-workshop questionnaires and 14 in-depth qualitative responses to a follow-up online questionnaire.

Findings
The data suggest that social philosophy methodology curriculum offered within a multi-discipline peer context can facilitate an appreciation among students of the centrality of theory and the value of diverse discipline approaches in research. The last part of the paper explores what underpins this – a kind of un-learning or uncertainty regarding the veracity of different philosophical approaches to research, tied to a de-centring of research subjectivity that allows for the co-existence of multiple voices. Language learning, the inclusion of post-modern perspectives and an unbiased presentation of a wide range of thinkers within a challenging intellectual context are central to this.

Research limitations/implications
The emerging trend towards university-wide doctoral training offers opportunities for useful innovations in research education. University-wide social philosophy curriculum can play a role in facilitating constructive negotiation of theoretical complexity both within and across social science and humanities disciplines.

Originality/value

The contemporary social science and humanities research context is a challenging space, characterised by intra-discipline methodological plurality, and the risk of marginalisation by more dominant instrumentalist, end-user and science-driven perspectives. The trend towards bringing different methodological perspectives together within inter-disciplinary research and team supervision of doctoral students can lead to conceptual misunderstanding and research delays. The capacity to negotiate and translate conceptual perspectives, often within complex research relationships, has then become an increasingly important academic skill. Within this context, university-wide doctoral training has emerged, but there has been little discussion of doctoral curricula beyond that devised for professional doctorates within the discipline in the non-US higher education literature. This paper contributes to emerging scholarship on research education by describing the sorts of relational, textual and conceptual processes that might be created in the multi-discipline social science and humanities context to produce an appreciation for the different philosophical foundations of research knowledge.
Post-PhD non-academic careers: intentions during and after degree
Authors: McAlpine Lynn 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Although more than half of the PhD graduates do not take up traditional academic positions, the little we know of how they navigate into the non-academic workforce is somewhat conflicting. This study aims to contribute to our knowledge by examining over time the experiences of post-PhD social scientists who went into non-academic careers. It examines how post-PhD social scientists in non-academic careers characterize their experience of the PhD; how they imagine their post-PhD careers during the degree and how this influenced their doctoral activity; and to what extent their intentions changed over time and how agentive they were in managing challenges or disappointments.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses a longitudinal qualitative narrative approach to examine the experience of eight post-PhD social scientists beginning during their degrees through their initial years after graduation outside academia.

Findings
The analysis highlights variation in clarity of career vision, strategic career thinking and action, knowledge of career opportunity structures and changes in career intentions over time. Still, for all individuals, the PhD was considered a powerful learning experience which continued to influence their lives.

Practical implications
Overall, the results make clear that post-PhD trajectories are best built from the beginning of the PhD, a conclusion that has curriculum implications.

Originality/value
This study incorporates the career question into the development of junior researchers highlighting the need to attend not only to objective measures of career success but also subjective intentions, investments, choices and assessments. Further, the constructs developed within an academic work context to understand career trajectories proved robust in analyzing non-academic work experience.
Spectrum management issues for heterogeneous networks in commons spectrum
Authors: Nicholls Rob 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse some of the spectrum management policy implications of an evolving set of wireless technologies. Specially, deployment of heterogeneous networks (HetNets) as part of the rollout of long-term evolution networks and their expected use as the heart of next-generation services raises the question as to whether such networks should lead to any spectrum management policy changes.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper describes the use and variety of HetNets when using licensed and unlicensed or commons spectrum.

Findings
The paper demonstrates that there is little need to change current spectrum licensing regimes to deal with these networks in a licensed spectrum. However, it also shows that the deployment of HetNets other than WiFi in an unlicensed spectrum creates an information asymmetry, which means that spectrum regulators will find assessment of spectrum demand more difficult. The paper also highlights the problem facing spectrum regulators when there is a potential for interference to unlicensed services which are widely deployed but have no right to protection from interference.

Practical implications
Spectrum regulators will need to understand the extent to which an unlicensed spectrum is being used by mobile network operators to deliver wireless broadband services. This understanding is needed to be able to address potential interference with other services using an unlicensed spectrum and to be able to forecast spectrum demand.

Originality/value
The development of technologies that are designed to be used by existing mobile network operators for the delivery of wireless broadband services using an unlicensed spectrum creates novel regulatory challenges. This paper reviews some of these.
Examining predictors of online news use: perceived bias in traditional media and preference for partisan news
Authors: Yoo Woohyun , Shin Dong-Hee 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine, in the context of online news use, the predictive values of two factors: perceived bias in traditional media and preference for partisan news.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used data collected as part of the Pew Internet and American Life Project between December 28, 2009, and January 19, 2010. The data were analyzed using linear regression analysis.

Findings
The findings provide evidence of the values of two potentially significant predictors of online news use: a perception of bias in traditional media and preference for partisan news. In addition, higher levels of political partisanship were shown to intensify the positive effect of perceived bias in traditional media on online news use in new media outlets, reinforcing the impact of preference for partisan news on participatory online news use.

Research limitations/implications
Depending on individual decisions, the internet can either help to empower deliberative democracy (where diverse and different voices coexist) or lead to an extremely polarized society.

Originality/value
With the explosive growth of the internet as a news source, media scholars have explored the factors that encourage people to rely on the internet for news and information. Nevertheless, certain attributes of online news consumption originating from individual attitudes about and perceptions of the media environment remain underspecified. This research helps advance an understanding of the types of people who seek news online and how they use various sources.
Theory and practice in M&A valuations
Authors: Mazzariol Patrick , Thomas Mark 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Academics and practitioners are in relative agreement on what drives a company’s fundamental value, primarily it’s current assets and future cash flows. The practice of paying a premium may thus be due to the non-tangible factors associated with perceived value that currently are not incorporated into the assets of the company and the expected growth of the cash flows.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper looks at the most common theoretical models used in the calculation of the value of a firm. It then explains how human factors can cause divergence in the original price set.

Findings
Empirical evidence proves that the price paid for a company can easily reach 40-50 per cent above this calculation of the current value. Until valuation models can account for the factors that drive premium pricing, it is necessary to recognize that intangible and, in some cases, emotional aspects will have a great influence on the final price.

Practical implications
The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
M&As: four questions to ask before the proposal
Authors: Studer Pauline , Thomas Mark 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
According to the Irish writer, Oscar Wilde, a second marriage is the “triumph of hope over experience”. Many mergers and acquisitions (M&As) could be cast in the same light. This paper aims to outline four crucial questions senior managers should ask before embarking on a merger or acquisition.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
Repeated studies have found that more than 50 per cent of M&As destroy rather than create value. Companies wishing to embark upon a merger or acquisition should thus think carefully before signing and ensure that they have made an impartial and critical analysis of the price, financing of the deal, complementarity and the cultural differences between the two organisations. If senior managers did this systematically before popping the question, the business world would certainly see less heartbreak.

Practical implications
The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organisations.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.