Abstract 4451: Different patterns of SIRT1, KLF4, DAPK1 and SPG20 methylation in B lymphocytes correlate with the clinical parameters of non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes
Authors: Frazzi Raffaele , Zanetti Eleonora , Pistoni Mariaelena , Tamagnini Ione , Valli Riccardo , Merli Francesco 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Background. DNA methylation is one of the best studied epigenetic modifications and one major constituent of the epigenome of a cell. It contributes to normal development as well to carcinogenesis. Nowadays, many efforts are being made in order to use DNA methylation as a biomarker. The aim of our work is to characterize the expression and methylation of SIRT1, HIC1, BCL6, KLF4 and other genes relevant for Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) pathogenesis. Methods. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on 72 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections (FFPE). B-lymphocytes were purified from 36 biopsies of follicular hyperplasias (non-malignant B-lymphocytes), follicular lymphomas (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). Gene expression were analysed by quantitative retrotranscribedPCR (qRTPCR). Quantitative CpG promoter methylation analysis was performed by pyrosequencing after bisulfite conversion or by Methyl II array qPCR on genomic DNA. Results. In a total of 72 FFPE samples of follicular hyperplasias (n = 17), FL (n = 36) and DLBCL (n = 19), SIRT1 staining is localized in the germinal center of the majority of follicular hyperplasias and FL samples. SIRT1 localizes preferentially in the centroblasts of the GC of the follicles where it correlates with Ki67. BCL6 is uniformly positive in follicular hyperplasias and FL, but heterogeneously distributed in DLBCL. Interestingly, SIRT1 and BCL6 expression correlate in FL.
By quantitative pyrosequencing we analyzed 3 CpG sites for the SIRT1 promoter (corresponding to the binding sites for CREB, ARID and PPARG transcription factors). Follicular hyperplasias display higher methylation levels (52.88%) than FL (38.36%) and DLBCL (32.65%) on SIRT1 promoter suggesting a possible inverse correlation between tumor aggressiveness and SIRT1 methylation.
Next, we selected a panel of genes whose expression is linked to lymphoma pathogenesis. By Methyl II array qPCR, we show that BCL6 methylation does not vary among samples. KLF4, DAPK1 and SPG20, show statistically significant methylation increases in FL and DLBCL compared to follicular hyperplasias, indicating a possible role of these proteins in lymphoma pathogenesis. On the contrary, no significant differences are observed for the other markers MZB1, MGMT, LMO2 and ASXL1. Notably, KLF4, DAPK1 and SPG20 mRNA expression levels anti-correlate with their promoter methylation in FL.
Conclusions. Epigenetic changes in SIRT1 methylation inversely correlate with NHL aggressiveness (decreasing in the order: follicular hyperplasias - FL - DLBCL), while KLF4, DAPK1 and SPG20 show a methylation increase that correlates with tumor aggressiveness. These data suggest that different patterns of methylation correlate with the clinical and prognostic parameters of these NHL subtypes.
Citation Format: Raffaele Frazzi, Eleonora Zanetti, Mariaelena Pistoni, Ione Tamagnini, Riccardo Valli, Francesco Merli. Different patterns of SIRT1, KLF4, DAPK1 and SPG20 methylation in B lymphocytes correlate with the clinical parameters of non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4451.