bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
D.04 Validating StatNet EEG as a reliable and effective tool in the Diagnosis of Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus after hours
Authors: Voll AR , Dash D , Sutherland W , Hernandez-Ronquillo L , Tellez-Zenteno JF , Moien-Afshari F 
Published: June 2016

Background: NCSE dramatically increases morbidity and mortality. It is clinically subtle, which makes it difficult to diagnose without EEG. StatNet EEG provides a quick alternative to conventional EEG, which is often unavailable after hours. Methods: Each patient received a StatNet EEG by a neurology resident and a conventional EEG by an EEG technologist. Blinded studies were compared for delay between the studies, setup time, artifact, and abnormality detection using conventional EEG as controls. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney two-sample T-test was used. Results are expressed in mean minutes +/- SD. Kappa score assessed inter-observer reliability. Results: 19 patients were collected. Two StatNet EEGs were not interpretable and excluded. The mean delay between studies was 26h53min. Electrode placement is significantly shorter: 13:14±5:24 StatNet EEG vs 18:07±5:35 conventional EEG (p=0.02).Conclusions: There is high inter-rater reliability between the conventional and StatNet EEG groups (table 1) demonstrating that StatNet is a reliable and effective tool, aiding in early recognition and management of NCSE.
Real Property Law in the Unification Treaty – Merging Two Opposite Legal Systems
Authors: Schmidt-Räntsch Joanna 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis essay outlines how the German Unification Treaty comprehends real property merely as a problem of transition provisions and of restitution. The Treaty therefore does provide for a small set of transition provisions similar to those provided for in 1900 for the introduction of the German Civil Code and for a restitution Act. More by instinct than by reflection or knowledge the Treaty also comprises a clause reserving later legislation on reorganizing property law. Soon after Unification having come into force this clause proved to be essential. Literally day by day, the gap between the written German Democratic Republic (GDR)-law and the real practice became more and more apparent. The difference between rights in rem and contractual rights had vanished in the GDR-law to an extent that, in the end, in hundreds of thousands of cases people did not provide at all for the necessary legal fundament for building small houses, big housing blocs, factories or public highways. Nearly every day people wrote letters to the Federal Ministry of Justice describing cases that could not or at least not satisfactorily be resolved with the instruments of the existing law. Therefore, the German parliament had to close these gaps and reorganize the rights and obligations of the people and enterprises using other persons' real property.It accomplished this by enacting in a quick sequence a series of statutes reorganizing property law. Then it was up to the public notaries and the courts, especially the civil senate of the German Federal Court of Justice and the 7th and 3rd revision senate of the Federal Administrative Court to make these laws in practicable. Although the more difficult cases on reorganizing real property relations come up for decision recently, the vast majority of cases have been finalized. This has also been a challenge for law libraries. First, they had to withstand the general trend to throw away their old stocks, which at a second glance could be very useful, both for creating the necessary reorganizing provisions and for assisting the decisions of the courts on these new rules. Then they had to decide how to provide to their Courts, lawyers or professors the necessary periodicals, commentaries and monographs. Now these transient stocks continue to be necessary for the decisions of the courts in the actual cases – and the preparatory work on writing the legal history.
Owenettids and procolophonids from the lower Keuper shed new light on the diversity of parareptiles in the German Middle Triassic
Authors: Martinelli Agustín G. , Soares Marina Bento , Schoch Rainer R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe report three isolated humeri of small-sized parareptiles, which represent two different taxa, from the lower Keuper (Erfurt Formation) of Germany. They constitute the first definitive evidence of parareptiles in the lower Keuper. The specimens represent the first records of an owenettid procolophonian (aff. Barasaurus) from Europe and of a putative gracile-built procolophonid. This indicates the coexistence in the Middle Triassic of Germany of two procolophonian lineages that first appeared in the fossil record in the late Permian and survived the Permian–Triassic extinction. Although based on isolated limb bones, they highlight the taxonomic diversity of the still poorly known tetrapod assemblage of the lower Keuper in southwestern Germany.
Invasion byBactrocera dorsalisand niche partitioning among tephritid species in Comoros
Authors: Mze Hassani I. , Raveloson-Ravaomanarivo L.H. , Delatte H. , Chiroleu F. , Allibert A. , Nouhou S. , Quilici S. , Duyck P.F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTen economically important species belonging to the Tephritidae have been recorded in Union of the Comoros (an island nation off the coast of East Africa). Little is known about the distribution of these species and how they are affected by climatic factors in the Comoros archipelago. The main objectives of this study were to characterize: (i) the population dynamics of tephritid fruit flies in relation to season and host fruit availability and (ii) the geographic distribution of tephritids in relation to temperature and rainfall. The study was conducted during 2 years at 11 sites on three islands (Grande Comore, Anjouan, and Mohéli) in the archipelago. The site elevations ranged from 55 to 885 m a.s.l. At each site, flies were collected weekly in eight traps (four different lures, each replicated twice). Fruit phenology was also recorded weekly. The dominant tephritid species detected was the invasiveBactrocera dorsalisHendel followed byCeratitis capitataWiedemann. Tephritid species were generally more abundant during the hot and rainy seasons than during the cold and dry seasons.Bactrocera dorsalisnumbers were higher on Grande Comore than on the two other islands. On Anjouan and Mohéli,B. dorsalisnumbers were very low in 2014 but sharply increased in 2015, suggesting a recent invasion of these islands. Abundances were significantly related to the fruiting of mango, strawberry guava, and guava forB. dorsalisand to the fruiting of mango, guava, and mandarin forC. capitata. Bactrocera dorsaliswas more abundant in hot and humid low-altitude areas, whileC. capitatawas more abundant in dry medium-altitude areas, suggesting the occurrence of climatic niche partitioning between the two species.
Modeling language change across the lifespan: Individual trajectories in community change
Authors: Baxter Gareth , Croft William 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe use a mathematical model to examine three phenomena involving language change across the lifespan: the apparent time construct, the adolescent peak, and two different patterns of individual change. The apparent time construct is attributed to a decline in flexibility toward language change over one's lifetime; this explanation is borne out in our model. The adolescent peak has been explained by social networks: children interact more with caregivers a generation older until later childhood and adolescence. We find that the peak also occurs with many other network structures, so the peak is not specifically due to caregiver interaction. The two patterns of individual change are one in which most individuals change gradually, following the mean of community change, and another in which most individuals have more categorical behavior and change rapidly if they change at all. Our model suggests that they represent different balances between the differential weighting of competing variants and degree of accommodation to other speakers.
Extracting parallel phrases from comparable data for machine translation
Authors: HEWAVITHARANA SANJIKA , VOGEL STEPHAN 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMining parallel data from comparable corpora is a promising approach for overcoming the data sparseness in statistical machine translation and other natural language processing applications. In this paper, we address the task of detecting parallel phrase pairs embedded in comparable sentence pairs. We present a novel phrase alignment approach that is designed to only align parallel sections bypassing non-parallel sections of the sentence. We compare the proposed approach with two other alignment methods: (1) the standard phrase extraction algorithm, which relies on the Viterbi path of the word alignment, (2) a binary classifier to detect parallel phrase pairs when presented with a large collection of phrase pair candidates. We evaluate the accuracy of these approaches using a manually aligned data set, and show that the proposed approach outperforms the other two approaches. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the extracted phrase pairs by using them in Arabic–English and Urdu–English translation systems, which resulted in improvements upto 1.2 Bleu over the baseline. The main contributions of this paper are two-fold: (1) novel phrase alignment algorithms to extract parallel phrase pairs from comparable sentences, (2) evaluating the utility of the extracted phrases by using them directly in the MT decoder.
Exploiting unbalanced specialized comparable corpora for bilingual lexicon extraction
Authors: MORIN EMMANUEL , HAZEM AMIR 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe main work in bilingual lexicon extraction from comparable corpora is based on the implicit hypothesis that corpora are balanced in terms of size. However, the historical context-based projection method is relatively insensitive to the size of each part of the comparable corpus. Within this context, we have carried out a study on the influence of unbalanced specialized comparable corpora and on the quality of bilingual terminology extraction by doing different experiments. Moreover, we have introduced a strategy into the context-based projection method to re-estimate word co-occurrence observations. This is done by using smoothing or prediction techniques that boost the observations of word co-occurrences which are mainly useful for the smallest part of an unbalanced comparable corpus. Our results show that the use of unbalanced specialized comparable corpora results in a significant improvement in the quality of extracted lexicons.
The BIALL-IALS Foreign and International Law Courses
Authors: Swift Hester 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHester Swift writes about the successful one-day courses on foreign and international legal research that have been run since 2009 at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies (IALS) in conjunction with BIALL. These courses have been a collaborative venture between the Foreign and International Law Librarians at the Bodleian Law Library at Oxford, the Squire Law Library at Cambridge, and the IALS Library, together with law librarians from the University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies and the University of Cardiff. The courses have attracted delegates from many different sectors of the legal information profession. The post of Foreign and International Law Librarian, or Foreign, Comparative and International Law Librarian, is relatively new to the UK, but has a long history in the United States. The BIALL-IALS foreign and international law training initiative complements the cooperation of the Foreign Law Research (FLARE) Group.
Economic freedom of North America at state borders
Authors: MURPHY RYAN H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractI use matched county pairs on either side of US state borders to investigate the causal effects of the Economic Freedom of North America index (EFNA) on local outcomes. This method is similar to Dubeet al. (2010). I construct a panel of county pairs running from 1981–2012 and four measures of outcomes, logged real incomes, logged real per capita incomes, employment, and logged real wages, employing single year and five year differences-in-differences. I find small, but precisely estimated, effects on incomes but mixed effects on wages and employment. All regressions show lowR2. This supports the hypothesis that state-level economic freedom improves capital income or that it attracts capital income across state borders.
Identifying General Cognitive Abilities Involved in Argument Comprehension and Evaluation
Authors: Britt M. Anne , Kopp Kristopher J. , Durik Amanda M. , Blaum Dylan , Hastings Peter 
Published: June 2016

Das Verständnis und die Evaluation von Argumenten: Zur Rolle allgemeiner kognitiver FähigkeitenZusammenfassung. Personen, denen die notwendigen Fähigkeiten für die korrekte Bewertung von Argumenten fehlen, ziehen ein Leben lang daraus Nachteile. Forschungsbefunde zeigen, dass einfache Tutorien für viele Studierende (ca. 30 %) keinen Nutzen bringen. Wir berichten Daten zur Frage, wie sich durch allgemeine Fähigkeiten (z. B. Vokabelwissen, Leseverständnis, analytisches Schlussfolgern) das Erlernen der Argumentevaluation vorhersagen lässt. In Studie 1 konnte gezeigt werden, dass – obwohl alle drei kognitiven Fähigkeiten einige Aspekte von Argumentverständnis und Evaluationsfähigkeit vorhersagen – das Vokabelwissen sowohl die Argumentationsfähigkeit und nicht durch das Wissen um die Bedeutung einer spezifischen Aussage, die in der Aufgabe gestellt wurde, erklärt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auf, dass der gezielte Einsatz von Vokabelwissen und allgemeiner lexikalischer Qualität diesen Studierenden, die nicht von einem einfachen Tutorium profitieren, helfen könnte.
Faster embryonic segmentation through elevated Delta-Notch signalling
Authors: Liao Bo-Kai , Jörg David J. , Oates Andrew C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn important step in understanding biological rhythms is the control of period. A multicellular, rhythmic patterning system termed the segmentation clock is thought to govern the sequential production of the vertebrate embryo’s body segments, the somites. Several genetic loss-of-function conditions, including the Delta-Notch intercellular signalling mutants, result in slower segmentation. Here, we generate DeltaD transgenic zebrafish lines with a range of copy numbers and correspondingly increased signalling levels, and observe faster segmentation. The highest-expressing line shows an altered oscillating gene expression wave pattern and shortened segmentation period, producing embryos with more, shorter body segments. Our results reveal surprising differences in how Notch signalling strength is quantitatively interpreted in different organ systems, and suggest a role for intercellular communication in regulating the output period of the segmentation clock by altering its spatial pattern.
Interferometric measurements of many-body topological invariants using mobile impurities
Authors: Grusdt F. , Yao N. Y. , Abanin D. , Fleischhauer M. , Demler E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTopological quantum phases cannot be characterized by Ginzburg–Landau type order parameters, and are instead described by non-local topological invariants. Experimental platforms capable of realizing such exotic states now include synthetic many-body systems such as ultracold atoms or photons. Unique tools available in these systems enable a new characterization of strongly correlated many-body states. Here we propose a general scheme for detecting topological order using interferometric measurements of elementary excitations. The key ingredient is the use of mobile impurities that bind to quasiparticles of a host many-body system. Specifically, we show how fractional charges can be probed in the bulk of fractional quantum Hall systems. We demonstrate that combining Ramsey interference with Bloch oscillations can be used to measure Chern numbers characterizing the dispersion of individual quasiparticles, which gives a direct probe of their fractional charges. Possible extensions of our method to other many-body systems, such as spin liquids, are conceivable.
A unique coral biomineralization pattern has resisted 40 million years of major ocean chemistry change
Authors: Stolarski Jarosław , Bosellini Francesca R. , Wallace Carden C. , Gothmann Anne M. , Mazur Maciej , Domart-Coulon Isabelle , Gutner-Hoch Eldad , Neuser Rolf D. , Levy Oren , Shemesh Aldo , Meibom Anders 
Published: June 2016

AbstractToday coral reefs are threatened by changes to seawater conditions associated with rapid anthropogenic global climate change. Yet, since the Cenozoic, these organisms have experienced major fluctuations in atmospheric CO2 levels (from greenhouse conditions of high pCO2 in the Eocene to low pCO2 ice-house conditions in the Oligocene-Miocene) and a dramatically changing ocean Mg/Ca ratio. Here we show that the most diverse, widespread, and abundant reef-building coral genus Acropora (20 morphological groups and 150 living species) has not only survived these environmental changes, but has maintained its distinct skeletal biomineralization pattern for at least 40 My: Well-preserved fossil Acropora skeletons from the Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene show ultra-structures indistinguishable from those of extant representatives of the genus and their aragonitic skeleton Mg/Ca ratios trace the inferred ocean Mg/Ca ratio precisely since the Eocene. Therefore, among marine biogenic carbonate fossils, well-preserved acroporid skeletons represent material with very high potential for reconstruction of ancient ocean chemistry.
Phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail of proteasome subunit α7 is required for binding of the proteasome quality control factor Ecm29
Authors: Wani Prashant S. , Suppahia Anjana , Capalla Xavier , Ondracek Alex , Roelofs Jeroen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe proteasome degrades many short-lived proteins that are labeled with an ubiquitin chain. The identification of phosphorylation sites on the proteasome subunits suggests that degradation of these substrates can also be regulated at the proteasome. In yeast and humans, the unstructured C-terminal region of α7 contains an acidic patch with serine residues that are phosphorylated. Although these were identified more than a decade ago, the molecular implications of α7 phosphorylation have remained unknown. Here, we showed that yeast Ecm29, a protein involved in proteasome quality control, requires the phosphorylated tail of α7 for its association with proteasomes. This is the first example of proteasome phosphorylation dependent binding of a proteasome regulatory factor. Ecm29 is known to inhibit proteasomes and is often found enriched on mutant proteasomes. We showed that the ability of Ecm29 to bind to mutant proteasomes requires the α7 tail binding site, besides a previously characterized Rpt5 binding site. The need for these two binding sites, which are on different proteasome subcomplexes, explains the specificity of Ecm29 for proteasome holoenzymes. We propose that alterations in the relative position of these two sites in different conformations of the proteasome provides Ecm29 the ability to preferentially bind specific proteasome conformations.
Dynamic nano-triboelectrification using torsional resonance mode atomic force microscopy
Authors: Cai Wei , Yao Nan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism of charge generation, distribution and transfer between surfaces is very important for energy harvesting applications based on triboelectric effect. Here, we demonstrate dynamic nanotriboelectrification with torsional resonance (TR) mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). Experiments on rubbing the sample surface using TR mode for the generation of triboelectric charges andin-situcharacterization of the charge distribution using scanning Kelvin probe microcopy (SKPM) were performed. This method allows the tip to perform lateral oscillation and maintains the tip-sample interaction in the attractive region to ensure high efficiency of the charge generation during the rubbing process. The measured efficiency of generating triboelectric charges can achieve ~10.53 times higher than conventional static/contact mode in the triboelectrification experiments. In addition to the charge generation, local discharging experiments were also performed. This work would provide a new method to generate patterned charges and also be helpful in understanding the mechanism of nanotriboelectrification.
Conformational flexibility related to enzyme activity: evidence for a dynamic active-site gatekeeper function of Tyr215 in Aerococcus viridans lactate oxidase
Authors: Stoisser Thomas , Brunsteiner Michael , Wilson David K. , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: June 2016

AbstractL-Lactate oxidase (LOX) belongs to a large family of flavoenzymes that catalyze oxidation of α-hydroxy acids. How in these enzymes the protein structure controls reactivity presents an important but elusive problem. LOX contains a prominent tyrosine in the substrate binding pocket (Tyr215 in Aerococcus viridans LOX) that is partially responsible for securing a flexible loop which sequesters the active site. To characterize the role of Tyr215, effects of substitutions of the tyrosine (Y215F, Y215H) were analyzed kinetically, crystallographically and by molecular dynamics simulations. Enzyme variants showed slowed flavin reduction and oxidation by up to 33-fold. Pyruvate release was also decelerated and in Y215F, it was the slowest step overall. A 2.6-Å crystal structure of Y215F in complex with pyruvate shows the hydrogen bond between the phenolic hydroxyl and the keto oxygen in pyruvate is replaced with a potentially stronger hydrophobic interaction between the phenylalanine and the methyl group of pyruvate. Residues 200 through 215 or 216 appear to be disordered in two of the eight monomers in the asymmetric unit suggesting that they function as a lid controlling substrate entry and product exit from the active site. Substitutions of Tyr215 can thus lead to a kinetic bottleneck in product release.
Association, characterisation and meta-analysis of SNPs linked to general reading ability in a German dyslexia case-control cohort
Authors: Müller Bent , Wilcke Arndt , Czepezauer Ivonne , Ahnert Peter , Boltze Johannes , Kirsten Holger ,   The LEGASCREEN consortium, Friederici Angela D. , Emmrich Frank , Brauer Jens , Wilcke Arndt , Neef Nicole , Boltze Johannes , Skeide Michael , Kirsten Holger , Schaadt Gesa , Müller Bent , Kraft Indra , Czepezauer Ivonne , Dörr Liane 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDyslexia is a severe disorder in the acquisition of reading and writing. Several studies investigated the role of genetics for reading, writing and spelling ability in the general population. However, many of the identified SNPs were not analysed in case-control cohorts. Here, we investigated SNPs previously linked to reading or spelling ability in the general population in a German case-control cohort. Furthermore, we characterised these SNPs for functional relevance with in silico methods and meta-analysed them with previous studies. A total of 16 SNPs within five genes were included. The total number of risk alleles was higher in cases than in controls. Three SNPs were nominally associated with dyslexia: rs7765678 within DCDC2 and rs2038137 and rs6935076 within KIAA0319. The relevance of rs2038137 and rs6935076 was further supported by the meta-analysis. Functional profiling included analysis of tissue-specific expression, annotations for regulatory elements and effects on gene expression levels (eQTLs). Thereby, we found molecular mechanistical implications for 13 of all 16 included SNPs. SNPs associated in our cohort showed stronger gene-specific eQTL effects than non-associated SNPs. In summary, our results validate SNPs previously linked to reading and spelling in the general population in dyslexics and provide insights into their putative molecular pathomechanisms.