bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operations Stochastiques de Capitalisation
Authors: Devolder Pierre 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a stochastic model of capitalization which takes into account the financial risk in the actuarial processes.We first introduce a stochastic differential equation which allows us to define the capitalization and actualization processes.We use these concepts to present a new principle of premium calculation for the capitalization operations, based on the equality between backward reserve and conditional expectation of the forward reserve.A generalization of the classical Thiele equation in life insurance is also given.Numerical examples illustrate the model.
The 2016 Basal Ganglia Gordon Research Conference and Gordon Research Seminar
Authors: Xenias Harry S , Bevan Mark D 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe second bi-annual Basal Ganglia Gordon Research Conference (GRC) was held 28 February through 4 March 2016 in Ventura, California, USA. Two hundred attendees participated and 46 lectures and 127 posters were presented. The meeting also incorporated a Gordon Research Seminar (GRS), held between February 27–28, organized exclusively by and for graduate and post-doctoral researchers. The GRC and GRS attracted scientists from across the globe with 4 continents and 18 countries represented. Research was presented in oral and poster formats during themed sessions. Lecturers ranged from graduate and post-doctoral trainees to junior and more established principal investigators. Both basic and clinician scientists were also well represented. The latest basal ganglia research discoveries on both normal function and diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), addiction and compulsive disorders, were communicated. In addition, government, industry, and clinical leaders delivered an optional Translational Café that focused on therapy development. In summary, the 2016 Basal Ganglia GRC and GRS showcased state-of-the-art research, promoted discussion, and interaction throughout the research community, and most likely inspired the next wave of fundamental and translational scientific discoveries in this brain region.
Predictive computational modeling to define effective treatment strategies for bone metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Cook Leah M. , Araujo Arturo , Pow-Sang Julio M. , Budzevich Mikalai M. , Basanta David , Lynch Conor C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe ability to rapidly assess the efficacy of therapeutic strategies for incurable bone metastatic prostate cancer is an urgent need. Pre-clinical in vivo models are limited in their ability to define the temporal effects of therapies on simultaneous multicellular interactions in the cancer-bone microenvironment. Integrating biological and computational modeling approaches can overcome this limitation. Here, we generated a biologically driven discrete hybrid cellular automaton (HCA) model of bone metastatic prostate cancer to identify the optimal therapeutic window for putative targeted therapies. As proof of principle, we focused on TGFβ because of its known pleiotropic cellular effects. HCA simulations predict an optimal effect for TGFβ inhibition in a pre-metastatic setting with quantitative outputs indicating a significant impact on prostate cancer cell viability, osteoclast formation and osteoblast differentiation. In silico predictions were validated in vivo with models of bone metastatic prostate cancer (PAIII and C4-2B). Analysis of human bone metastatic prostate cancer specimens reveals heterogeneous cancer cell use of TGFβ. Patient specific information was seeded into the HCA model to predict the effect of TGFβ inhibitor treatment on disease evolution. Collectively, we demonstrate how an integrated computational/biological approach can rapidly optimize the efficacy of potential targeted therapies on bone metastatic prostate cancer.
On the use of composite analyses to form physical hypotheses: An example from heat wave – SST associations
Authors: Boschat Ghyslaine , Simmonds Ian , Purich Ariaan , Cowan Tim , Pezza Alexandre Bernardes 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper highlights some caveats in using composite analyses to form physical hypotheses on the associations between environmental variables. This is illustrated using a specific example, namely the apparent links between heat waves (HWs) and sea surface temperatures (SSTs). In this case study, a composite analysis is performed to show the large-scale and regional SST conditions observed during summer HWs in Perth, southwest Australia. Composite results initially point to the importance of the subtropical South Indian Ocean, where physically coherent SST dipole anomalies appear to form a necessary condition for HWs to develop across southwest Australia. However, sensitivity tests based on pattern correlation analyses indicate that the vast majority of days when the identified SST pattern appears are overwhelmingly not associated with observed HWs, which suggests that this is definitely not a sufficient condition for HW development. Very similar findings are obtained from the analyses of 15 coupled climate model simulations. The results presented here have pertinent implications and applications for other climate case studies, and highlight the importance of applying comprehensive statistical approaches before making physical inferences on apparent climate associations.
Convergence to consensus in heterogeneous groups and the emergence of informal leadership
Authors: Gavrilets Sergey , Auerbach Jeremy , van Vugt Mark 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhen group cohesion is essential, groups must have efficient strategies in place for consensus decision-making. Recent theoretical work suggests that shared decision-making is often the most efficient way for dealing with both information uncertainty and individual variation in preferences. However, some animal and most human groups make collective decisions through particular individuals, leaders, that have a disproportionate influence on group decision-making. To address this discrepancy between theory and data, we study a simple, but general, model that explicitly focuses on the dynamics of consensus building in groups composed by individuals who are heterogeneous in preferences, certain personality traits (agreeability and persuasiveness), reputation and social networks. We show that within-group heterogeneity can significantly delay democratic consensus building as well as give rise to the emergence of informal leaders, i.e. individuals with a disproportionately large impact on group decisions. Our results thus imply strong benefits of leadership particularly when groups experience time pressure and significant conflict of interest between members (due to various between-individual differences). Overall, our models shed light on why leadership and decision-making hierarchies are widespread, especially in human groups.
Transregional movement of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in north China: an underlying threat to tuberculosis control
Authors: An Jun , Gao Mengqiu , Chu Naihui , Huang Hairong , Pang Yu , Li Liang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDue to unbalanced distribution of health care resource in China, tuberculosis patients, especially multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), prefer to suffer transregional movement for seeking better health care service in the first-tier cities. Here, we performed a study on the current status of transregional movement of tuberculosis in northern China by reviewing the medical record of TB patients hospitalized in Beijing Chest Hospital from 2011 to 2015. From 2011 to 2015, the proportion of non-Beijing in-patients had increased from 55.0% (996/1810) to 67.2% (1860/2769). In addition, we found that the rate of re-treated among non-Beijing group was significantly higher than that among Beijing-group. Compared with the proportion of pulmonary TB patients from non-Beijing, there were more extra-pulmonary TB patients from non-Beijing. In addition, 10.5% (164/1568) of Beijing in-patients and 26.5% (491/1858) of non-Beijing in-patients had MDR tuberculosis and statistical analysis revealed that there was significantly higher proportion of MDR cases among non-Beijing group than Beijing group. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that an increasing proportion of TB patients from northern China seek health care in Beijing. In view of higher prevalence of MDR-TB cases among these patients, the transregional movement of MDR-TB will lead to ongoing MDR TB transmission in the community.
Quantitative Persulfide Site Identification (qPerS-SID) Reveals Protein Targets of H2S Releasing Donors in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Longen Sebastian , Richter Florian , Köhler Yvette , Wittig Ilka , Beck Karl-Friedrich , Pfeilschifter Josef 
Published: July 2016

AbstractH2S is an important signalling molecule involved in diverse biological processes. It mediates the formation of cysteine persulfides (R-S-SH), which affect the activity of target proteins. Like thiols, persulfides show reactivity towards electrophiles and behave similarly to other cysteine modifications in a biotin switch assay. In this manuscript, we report on qPerS-SID a mass spectrometry-based method allowing the isolation of persulfide containing peptides in the mammalian proteome. With this method, we demonstrated that H2S donors differ in their efficacy to induce persulfides in HEK293 cells. Furthermore, data analysis revealed that persulfide formation affects all subcellular compartments and various cellular processes. Negatively charged amino acids appeared more frequently adjacent to cysteines forming persulfides. We confirmed our proteomic data using pyruvate kinase M2 as a model protein and showed that several cysteine residues are prone to persulfide formation finally leading to its inactivation. Taken together, the site-specific identification of persulfides on a proteome scale can help to identify target proteins involved in H2S signalling and enlightens the biology of H2S and its releasing agents.
Core-shell self-assembly triggered via a thiol-disulfide exchange reaction for reduced glutathione detection and single cells monitoring
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Jiao Yuting , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhang Shusheng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA novel core-shell DNA self-assembly catalyzed by thiol-disulfide exchange reactions was proposed, which could realize GSH-initiated hybridization chain reaction (HCR) for signal amplification and molecules gathering. Significantly, these self-assembled products via electrostatic interaction could accumulate into prominent and clustered fluorescence-bright spots in single cancer cells for reduced glutathione monitoring, which will effectively drive cell monitoring into a new era.
Quantitative Endoscopic Phototransducer Investigation of Normal Velopharyngeal Physiology
Authors: Karnell Michael P. , Moon Jerald B. , Nakajima Kengo , Kacmarynski Deborah S. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this research was to learn the extent to which healthy individuals vary in their ability to achieve velopharyngeal closure for speech.

Method
Twenty healthy adult volunteers (10 women, 10 men) were tested using an endoscopic phototransducer system that tracks variations in velopharyngeal closure during speech production. Each speaker produced multiple repetitions of three utterances that differed in phonetic content. The data were amplitude normalized and averaged for each speaker.

Results

Average phototransducer measurements were similar across subjects for utterances containing only oral phonemes. Average percentage of velopharyngeal closure varied considerably among subjects when producing utterances containing both oral and nasal phonemes (54%–95%). Average percentage of velopharyngeal closure levels were significantly lower (
p
< .05) for utterances that included nasal consonants.

Conclusions
Phototransducer measurements of velopharyngeal closure for speech are sensitive to nasal phoneme content. The findings suggest that motor programming that accomplishes rapid oral–nasal velopharyngeal valving for speech may differ among healthy subjects. However, such variations in motor programming may not perceptually affect typical speakers. If present in individuals with abnormal velopharyngeal mechanisms, these variations may help explain variations among speakers in speech outcomes after physical and behavioral management.
Solving the Phosphorus Pollution Puzzle: Synthesis and Directions for Future Research
Authors: Garnache Cloé , Swinton Scott M. , Herriges Joseph A. , Lupi Frank , Stevenson R. Jan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDespite the success of efforts to reduce phosphorus (P) pollution from point sources, P from non‐point agricultural sources remains a vexing problem with many U.S. water bodies having impairments. Key to solving the P pollution puzzle is to take stock of progress to date, the puzzle pieces available, and the gaps to be filled. In this paper, we synthesize the state of knowledge on P pollution, discuss the state of existing public programs, and review economists' contributions to informing P pollution policies. We review the water quality valuation literature, identifying limitations in the linkages to policy‐relevant environmental quality metrics. We examine how and why P is used agriculturally, along with recent advances in market‐based policy design and field testing. We survey new knowledge in biology and engineering, including improved understanding of the fate and transport of P. In light of recent learning and persistent knowledge gaps, we recommend directions for economic research to add needed pieces to the puzzle of how to protect our water bodies. Puzzle gaps meriting attention include mechanisms to target public funds more effectively in voluntary abatement programs, policy design for emerging mitigation technologies, new ways to implement performance‐based policies, means to leverage social norms and behavioral cues, changes in the “pay‐the‐polluter” paradigm, and application of state‐of‐the‐art evaluation methods to conservation programs. Beyond the realm of public policy lies that of private supply chains, where establishment of environmental standards holds additional promise. Rich research opportunities exist for economists in tandem with biologists, engineers, and others.
VisualGraphX: interactive graph visualization within Galaxy
Authors: Schäfer Richard A. , Voß Björn 
Published: July 2016

Motivation: We developed VisualGraphX, a web-based, interactive visualization tool for large-scale graphs. Current graph visualization tools that follow the rich-internet paradigm lack an interactive and scalable visualization of graph-based data. VisualGraphX aims to provide a universal graph visualization tool that empowers the users to efficiently explore the data for themselves at a large scale. It is available as a visualization plugin for the Galaxy platform, such that VisualGraphX can be integrated into custom analysis pipelines.
Availability and Implementation: VisualGraphX has been released as a visualization plugin for the Galaxy platform under AFL 3.0 and is available with instructions and application data at http://gitlab.com/comptrans/VisualGraphX/.
Contact: bjoern.voss@ibvt.uni-stuttgart.de
MSAViewer: interactive JavaScript visualization of multiple sequence alignments
Authors: Yachdav Guy , Wilzbach Sebastian , Rauscher Benedikt , Sheridan Robert , Sillitoe Ian , Procter James , Lewis Suzanna E. , Rost Burkhard , Goldberg Tatyana 
Published: July 2016

Summary: The MSAViewer is a quick and easy visualization and analysis JavaScript component for Multiple Sequence Alignment data of any size. Core features include interactive navigation through the alignment, application of popular color schemes, sorting, selecting and filtering. The MSAViewer is ‘web ready’: written entirely in JavaScript, compatible with modern web browsers and does not require any specialized software. The MSAViewer is part of the BioJS collection of components.
Availability and Implementation: The MSAViewer is released as open source software under the Boost Software License 1.0. Documentation, source code and the viewer are available at http://msa.biojs.net/.
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Contact: msa@bio.sh
Beyond Toleration—Facing the Other
Authors: Matthews Richard 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This essay seeks to integrate themes raised by the various contributors to this section of the Handbook. The central issue concerns the role played by music education in creating, perpetuating, or intensifying privilege and oppression. Intersectional considerations are used to show how chapters fit into a larger analysis of violence by exploring specific axes of oppression—for instance, race or gender—and how they relate to a larger situation of unjust social dominance. The concept of structural violence is crucial here, as much of the damage inflicted has direct physical and psychological consequences and either undermines or outright destroys the educational environment for those harmed by it. An essential related theme is the necessity for moral and political self-criticism—reflexivity—in struggling against oppression so that music education is not condemned to perpetuation. There are extraordinary possibilities for resistance available to reflexive music educators.
Hospitable Music Making
Authors: Higgins Lee 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This chapter introduces the notion of hospitable music making as it relates to community music making practices in both theoretical and practical senses. Through a conceptual framework informed by Jacques Derrida’s writings on justice, two illustrative case studies of, respectively, a Chinese conservatoire-trained musician returning to the town of her birth to work with left-behind children, and choral conductors working in a Massachusetts correctional institution, community music projects are described as sites for social justice. As a welcome toward those who wish to participate in active music making, hospitable musical environments become places through which to explore participation and inclusion.
Negotiating Gender, Popular Culture, and Social Justice in Music Education
Authors: Abramo Joseph Michael 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This chapter describes how educators may use Stuart Hall’s encoding/decoding model to create instruction and curricula that challenge students to critically examine popular music. Through this process, students generate dominant, oppositional, and negotiated readings of songs, music videos, and other popular culture texts, and situate these readings within relations of power and privilege. This pedagogical process is illustrated in an analysis of contested notions of “female empowerment” in Beyoncé Knowles’s music video Run the World (Girls). Finally, limitations of the encoding/decoding model are accounted in order to create new aims for social justice in music education, including the exploration of diversity and the exploration of societal power and privilege in the production and reception of popular music.
Bantu Lexical Reconstruction
Authors: Bostoen Koen , Bastin Yvonne 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Lexical reconstruction has been an important enterprise in Bantu historical linguistics since the earliest days of the discipline. In this chapter a historical overview is provided of the principal scholarly contributions to that field of study. It is also explained how the Comparative Method has been and can be applied to reconstruct ancestral Bantu vocabulary via the intermediate step of phonological reconstruction and how the study of sound change needs to be completed with diachronic semantics in order to correctly reconstruct both the form and the meaning of etymons. Finally, some issues complicating this type of historical linguistic research, such as “osculance” due to prehistoric language contact, are addressed, as well as the relationship between reconstruction and classification.
The Future of Legal Families
Authors: Husa Jaakko 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The aim of this article is to give an account of legal families as a comparative law approach and as a classification of legal systems. The text discusses especially the future of legal families. The article begins with a short review of macro-comparative law’s basic approaches and concepts. It then considers the past and present of the basic notions of macro-comparative law, focusing on the classification of legal families and the recent critique of them. Finally, this article examines the new roles of legal families and, in particular, it addresses the possible future utility of legal family as a basic notion and as an approach in macro-comparative law.
Long-Term Consequences of Childhood Abuse
Authors: Wright Emily M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis essay reviews the evidence regarding the impact of childhood abuse (e.g., physical, sexual, psychological, maltreatment, and neglect) on long-term outcomes, such as violence, criminality, abuse, mental health problems, and physical health problems, in adolescence and adulthood. Overall, childhood abuse is highly detrimental to these outcomes, with evidence suggesting that “more is worse” when it comes to its lasting effects. This essay also briefly reviews the theoretical bases upon which the research regarding childhood abuse and later outcomes is founded and discusses the evidence regarding moderating variables, such as age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Finally, it concludes with a discussion of the theoretical and methodological limitations in the research and suggests avenues for future endeavors to consider.
Youth Justice in Hungary During the 20th and 21st Centuries
Authors: Lévay Miklós 
Published: July 2016

AbstractJuvenile justice systems are not static constructions but are highly dependent on the cultural, historical, and political environment. Therefore, analyses cannot provide a complete picture of them without explaining the effects of these to the development of the system. To encourage precise understanding on the main issues and institutions of the contemporary Hungarian juvenile justice system, this essay uses developmental and cultural perspectives, focusing on the introduction of formal law and legal practice. In this framework the author explains special characteristics of the Hungarian system, such as the traditional two-tiered justice system, the types and practice of deprivation of liberty of juveniles, the development of the consideration of culpability and maturity of delinquent children, and the limited overlap with child welfare. Beyond historical explanations, the author provides a contemporary evaluation of this development and points out the weakest areas with respect to international children’s rights.
Greek Philosophy in the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Brill Sara 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This article addresses contemporary efforts to understand how the earliest practitioners of philosophy conceived of the philosophic life. It argues that, for Plato, the concept of bios was a central, animating, and structuring object of philosophic inquiry. Concentration on the imagery Plato employed to draw bios into the purview of philosophic contemplation and choice points to interpretative avenues that further the aim of treating the dialogues as complex, integrated wholes, and offers a new approach to the question of the status of image-making in them. The article concludes with thoughts on how an exploration of bios might extend beyond Plato to Aristotle, via an examination of his treatment of the range of human and animal bioi, suggesting that such an examination clarifies the relationship between his analysis of the polis-dwelling animal and his broader investigation of living beings as such.