bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing citizen participation in open data use at the city level
Authors: Hivon Julien , Titah Ryad 
Published: April 2017

PurposeOpen data initiatives represent a critical pillar of smart cities’ strategies but remain insufficiently and poorly understood. This paper aims to advance a conceptualization of citizen participation and investigates its effect on open data use at the municipal level.Design/methodology/approachBased on 14 semi-structured interviews with citizens involved in open data projects within the city of Montréal (Canada), the paper develops a research model linking the multidimensional construct of citizen participation with initial use of open data in municipalities.FindingsThe study shows that citizen participation is a key contributor to the use of open data through four distinct categories of participation, namely, hands-on activities, greater responsibility, better communication and improved relations between citizens and the open data portal development team. While electronic government research often views open data implementation as a top-down project, the current study demonstrates that citizens are central to the success of open data initiatives and shows how their role can be effectively leveraged across various dimensions of participation.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a conceptualization of citizen participation on open data use at the municipal level. Citizen participation is a found to be a key contributor to the use of open data through four distinct categories of participation, namely, hands-on activities, greater responsibility, better communication and improved relations between citizens and the open data portal development team. This paper demonstrates the critical role of citizen participation in open government.
High suckling rates and acoustic crypsis of humpback whale neonates maximise potential for mother–calf energy transfer
Authors: Videsen Simone K. A. , Bejder Lars , Johnson Mark , Madsen Peter T. 
Published: April 2017

Summary

The migration of humpback whales to and from their breeding grounds results in a short, critical time period during which neonatal calves must acquire sufficient energy via suckling from their fasting mothers to survive the long return journey.

Understanding neonate suckling behaviour is critical for understanding the energetics and evolution of humpback whale migratory behaviour and for informing conservation efforts, but despite its importance, very little is known about the details, rate and behavioural context of this critical energy transfer.

To address this pertinent data gap on calf suckling behaviour, we deployed multi‐sensor Dtags on eight humpback whale calves and two mothers allowing us to analyse detailed suckling and acoustic behaviour for a total of 68·8 h.

Suckling dives were performed 20·7 ± 7% of the total tagging time with the mothers either resting at the surface or at depth with the calves hanging motionless with roll and pitch angles close to zero.

Vocalisations between mother and calf, which included very weak tonal and grunting sounds, were produced more frequently during active dives than suckling dives, suggesting that mechanical stimuli rather than acoustic cues are used to initiate nursing.

Use of mechanical cues for initiating suckling and low level vocalisations with an active space of <100 m indicate a strong selection pressure for acoustic crypsis.

Such inconspicuous behaviour likely reduces the risk of exposure to eavesdropping predators and male humpback whale escorts that may disrupt the high proportion of time spent nursing and resting, and hence ultimately compromise calf fitness.

The small active space of the weak calls between mother and calf is very sensitive to increases in ambient noise from human encroachment thereby increasing the risk of mother–calf separation.

A lay summary is available for this article.
Who Secures Job Opportunities in the Chinese Government? Evidence Based on the First Jobs of Graduates from a Chinese College
Authors: Gao Jie , Kong Dongmin , Kong Gaowen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUsing a unique data set obtained from a Chinese college, the present paper investigates the determinants of obtaining a job in the Chinese Government. Despite the significant amount of attention paid to this issue by the media, academic study on this subject has been limited. We find that the parents' social capital, membership to the Communist Party, gender and personal ability significantly affect the possibility of a graduate obtaining a job in the public sector. Moreover, although acquiring a job in the government is difficult, no significant wage premium exists for graduates working in this sector. Finally, these results still hold after conducting the Heckman tests to validate the self‐selection bias. This study identifies the determinants of young Chinese people's aspirations to be civil servants, which raises significant policy implications for the government.
The Young's Modulus, Fracture Stress, and Fracture Strain of Gellan Hydrogels Filled with Whey Protein Microparticles
Authors: Lam Cherry Wing Yu , Ikeda Shinya 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTexture modifying abilities of whey protein microparticles are expected to be dependent on pH during heat‐induced aggregation of whey protein in the microparticulation process. Therefore, whey protein microparticles were prepared at either pH 5.5 or 6.8 and their effects on small and large deformation properties of gellan gels containing whey protein microparticles as fillers were investigated. The majority of whey protein microparticles had diameters around 2 μm. Atomic force microscopy images showed that whey protein microparticles prepared at pH 6.8 partially collapsed and flatted by air‐drying, while those prepared at pH 5.5 did not. The Young's modulus of filled gels adjusted to pH 5.5 decreased by the addition of whey protein microparticles, while those of filled gels adjusted to pH 6.8 increased with increasing volume fraction of filler particles. These results suggest that filler particles were weakly bonded to gel matrices at pH 5.5 but strongly at pH 6.8. Whey protein microparticles prepared at pH 5.5 showed more enhanced increases in the Young's modulus than those prepared at pH 6.8 at volume fractions between 0.2 and 0.4, indicating that microparticles prepared at pH 5.5 were mechanically stronger. The fracture stress of filled gels showed trends somewhat similar to those of the Young's modulus, while their fracture strains decreased by the addition of whey protein microparticles in all examined conditions, indicating that the primary effect of these filler particles was to enhance the brittleness of filled gels.
Deformation of the Most Recent Co‐seismic Surface Ruptures Along the Garzê–Yushu Fault Zone (Dangjiang Segment) and Tectonic Implications For the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: WU Jiwen , HUANG Xuemeng , XIE Furen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Garzê–Yushu strike‐slip fault in central Tibet is the locus of strong earthquakes (M > 7). The deformation and geometry of the co‐seismic surface ruptures are reflected in the surface morphology of the fault and depend on the structure of the upper crust as well as the pre‐existing tectonics. Therefore, the most recent co‐seismic surface ruptures along the Garzê–Yushu fault zone (Dangjiang segment) reveal the surface deformation of the central Tibetan Plateau. Remote sensing images and field investigations suggest a 85 km long surface rupture zone (striking NW‐NWW), less than 50 m wide, defined by discontinuous fault scarps, right‐stepping en echelon tensional cracks and left‐stepping mole tracks that point to a left‐lateral strike‐slip fault. The gullies that cross fault scarps record systematic left‐lateral offsets of 1.8 m to 5.0 m owing to the most recent earthquake, with moment magnitude of about M 7.5, in the Dangjiang segment. Geological and geomorphological features suggest that the spatial distribution of the 1738 co‐seismic surface rupture zone was controlled by the pre‐existing active Garzê–Yushu fault zone (Dangjiang segment). We confirm that the Garzê–Yushu fault zone, a boundary between the Bayan Har Block to the north and the Qiangtang Block to the south, accommodates the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau and generates strong earthquakes that release the strain energy owing to the relative motion between the Bayan Har and Qiangtang Blocks.
Timing, Displacement and Growth Pattern of the Altyn Tagh Fault: A Review
Authors: DAI Shuang , DAI Wei , ZHAO Zhenbin , LUO Junhua , QIANG Lei , MA Xin , ZHANG Xianwen , XU Jianjun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) is the longest, lithospheric scale and strike‐slip fault in East Asia. In the last three decades, multidisciplinary studies focusing on the timing, displacement of strike‐slip and growth mechanics of the ATF have made great progresses. Most studies revealed that the ATF is a sinistral strike‐slip and thrust fault, which underwent multiple episodes of activation. The fault is oriented NEE with a length of 1600 km, but the direction, timing of activity and magnitude of its extension eastward are still unclear. The AFT was predominately active during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, in relation to the Mesozoic collision of the Cimmerian continent (Qiangtang and Lhasa block) and Cenozoic collision of India with Asia. The AFT strike‐slipped with a left‐lateral displacement of ca. 400 km during the Cenozoic and the displacement were bigger in the western segment and stronger in the early stage of fault activation. The slip‐rates in the Quaternary were bigger in the middle segment than in the western and eastern segment. We roughly estimated the Mesozoic displacement as ca. 150–300 km. The latest paleomagnetic data showed that the clockwise vertical‐axis rotation did not take place in the huge basins (the Tarim and Qaidam) at both side of ATF during the Cenozoic, but the rotation happened in the small basins along the ATF. This rotation may play an important role on accommodating the tectonic deformation and displacement of the ATF. Even if we have achieved consensus for many issues related to the ATF, some issues still need to be study deeply; such as: (a) the temporal and spatial coupling relationship between the collision of Cimmerian continent with Asia and the history of AFT in the Mesozoic and (b) the tectonic deformation history which records by the sediments of the basins within and at both side of AFT and was constrained by a high‐resolution and accurate chronology such as magnetostratigraphy and paleomagnetic data.
Pharmacokinetics after a single dose of naloxone administered as a nasal spray in healthy volunteers
Authors: Vanky E. , Hellmundt L. , Bondesson U. , Eksborg S. , Lundeberg S. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThere is increasing interest in the use of intranasal naloxone to reverse adverse opioid effects during management of procedural pain in children and in adults after overdose. There are limited data on the pharmacokinetics of intranasal naloxone so in this study we aimed to detail the pharmacokinetic profile of the commercially marketed injectable solution of naloxone 0.4 mg/ml when administered as an intranasal spray.MethodsTwenty healthy volunteers received naloxone as an intranasal spray at a dose of 10 μg/kg. Venous blood sampling was carried out for 90 min after administration to determine the time profile of the plasma concentrations of using tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a one‐compartment model.ResultsMedian time to maximum naloxone concentration (Tmax) was 14.5 (95% CI: 9.0–16.5) min, mean maximum naloxone concentration (Cmax) was 1.09 ± 0.56 ng/ml and mean AUC0–90 min was 37.1 ± 15.0 ng*min/ml. Elimination half‐life estimated from the median concentration data was 28.2 min.ConclusionOur results show a faster uptake of intranasal naloxone to maximum concentration compared with previous studies although with a marked variation in maximum concentration. The findings are consistent with our clinical experience of the time profile for reversing the effects of sufentanil sedation in children.
Has the autonomy pendulum swung too far?
Authors: Walker Paul 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThis paper aims to contribute to the discussion about patient‐centred care in surgery. It is contended here that the paradigm shift towards patient‐centred decision‐making in health care does not mean that patient values alone (or those of their proxies) should, uncritically, be the lead decision makers in determining surgical care.MethodsIn support of that contention, three clarifications to our conception of autonomy will be offered.ResultsFirst, autonomy may not be best positioned as the lead principle guiding healthcare decision‐making. Second, arguably, our traditional understanding of autonomy, as it might be applied to health care, is incomplete. Third, where autonomy is vested is contentious, and proxy decision makers can further complicate the decision‐making process.ConclusionIt will be argued that an approach of inclusive, non‐coercive and reflective dialogue seeking a consensual decision amongst all those affected is more appropriate for moral decision‐making in surgery. This dialogue is set in the actual reality of the patient's illness. During the discourse, each participant has equal rights to contribute and to be heard, equal duties not to coerce and equal co‐responsibilities to share the perspectives of others in the discourse, with an aim to reach consensus.
A comparison between patients with epiphora and cataract of the activity limitations they experience in daily life due to their visual disability
Authors: Bohman Elin , Wyon Maria , Lundström Mats , Dafgård Kopp Eva 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this study was to compare patients with epiphora and cataract in terms of the activity limitations they experience in daily life due to their visual disability and to validate the use of the Catquest‐9SF questionnaire for epiphora patients.MethodsSeventy‐two consecutively encountered adult patients with confirmed lacrimal obstruction and listed for dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) or lacrimal intubation at the St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, completed the Catquest‐9SF questionnaire, which measures activity limitations in daily life due to visual disability. The psychometric qualities of the Catquest‐9SF results obtained from this group of patients were evaluated by Rasch analysis. Rasch analysis was further employed to convert the ordinal raw data to a Rasch score for comparison with the preoperative scores of patients registered in the Swedish National Cataract Register (NCR) during March 2013.ResultsThe Catquest‐9SF exhibited good psychometric qualities when investigating epiphora patients, with the exception of a misfit for Item 4, the item regarding facial recognition. On the Rasch scale (−5.43 = no activity limitations to +5.01 = severe activity limitations), the mean score for epiphora patients was −0.82 while for patients listed for 1st eye and 2nd eye cataract surgery it was −0.17 and −0.76, respectively. An equivalence test confirmed that the reported visual disability of epiphora patients was not significantly different from visual disability reported by patients waiting for 2nd eye cataract surgery.ConclusionThe Catquest‐9SF is a valid measure of visual disability in patients with epiphora. Epiphora patients experience visual disability to the same degree as patients awaiting 2nd eye cataract surgery.
Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in 17 152 patients from the island of Funen, Denmark
Authors: Larsen Morten B. , Henriksen Jan Erik , Grauslund Jakob , Peto Tunde 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients enrolled in a large Danish quality‐assuring database for diabetes: the Funen Diabetes Database (FDDB).MethodsAll patients with type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM) diabetes mellitus (DM) were included in a cross‐sectional study. The level of DR per patient was determined based on the eye with highest level of DR. All ocular and non‐ocular data were extracted at the latest examination that corresponded to the most recent DR‐grading data.ResultsData from 17 152 patients were analysed; 83.1% had T2DM. Prevalence of DR was 23.8% (T1DM: 54.3%, T2DM: 21.2%). T1/T2DM patients were statistically significantly different regarding age, duration of diabetes, BMI, systolic blood pressure (BP), cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, s‐creatinine and u‐albumin (p < 0.001 for all). Increasing level of DR showed statistically significant association with age, duration of diabetes, systolic BP, HbA1c, s‐creatinine and u‐albumine with increasing level of DR (all are p < 0.001) both T1DM/T2DM patients.ConclusionThe patients in FDDB had good systemic control with median values of BP, serum lipids, cholesterol and HbA1c all close to or below national guidelines at the time of data extraction, but still a high level of DR was found in this cohort. DR was more common in patients with T1DM than T2DM, but as T2DM patients are more numerous, their level of DR despite acceptable control is still concerning. Most important associated factors for higher levels of DR were age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, s‐creatinine and u‐albumine.
Intraoperative use of a transarticular circular fixator construct to facilitate reduction and stabilisation of a proximal tibial physeal fracture in a dog
Authors: Johnson MD , Lewis DD , Winter MD 
Published: April 2017

Case reportA 4‐month‐old female intact American Pit Bull Terrier was presented for right pelvic limb lameness 1 day after the dog had been hit by an all‐terrain vehicle. Orthogonal radiographs of the right stifle revealed a Salter‐Harris type IV fracture through the proximal tibial physis extending caudodistally through the proximal tibial metaphysis. The distal tibia was markedly displaced cranially, laterally and proximally, resulting in complete overriding of the fracture segments. An open approach was made in order to facilitate direct reduction, but the fracture could not be sufficiently distracted and the epiphyseal segment remained fixed caudal to the remainder of the tibia. Concerns regarding possible iatrogenic trauma to the epiphysis prompted the use of a transarticular circular fixator construct to distract the fracture segments to facilitate reduction. Distraction that facilitated reduction was performed using three TrueLok Rapid Quick Adjust Struts that were positioned between the two ring components. The struts also allowed for multiplanar adjustment of alignment, which allowed the fracture to be maintained in anatomic reduction as divergent interfragmentary Kirschner wires were placed. Radiographic union was confirmed 19 days after surgery.Conclusion/Clinical significanceTransient intraoperative application of a circular construct incorporating the TrueLok components facilitated accurate fracture reduction without inflicting further iatrogenic trauma to the epiphysis, after traditional direct reduction techniques proved ineffective, and afforded a successful clinical outcome in the dog reported here.
Voxel‐based morphometry meta‐analysis of gray and white matter finds significant areas of differences in bipolar patients from healthy controls
Authors: Ganzola Rossana , Duchesne Simon 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveWe present a retrospective meta‐analysis of voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) of gray (GM) and white matter (WM) differences between patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and behaviorally healthy controls.MethodsWe used the activation likelihood estimation and Sleuth software for our meta‐analysis, considering P‐value maps at the cluster level inference of .05 with uncorrected P<.001. Results were visualized with the software MANGO.ResultsWe included twenty‐five articles in the analysis, and separated the comparisons where BD patients had lower GM or WM concentrations than controls (573 subjects, 21 experiments, and 117 locations/180 subjects, five experiments, and 15 locations, respectively) and the comparisons where BD patients had greater GM concentrations than controls (217 subjects, nine experiments, and 49 locations). Higher WM concentrations in BD patients were not detected. We observed for BD reduced GM concentrations in the left medial frontal gyrus and right inferior/precentral gyri encompassing the insular cortex, and greater GM concentrations in the left putamen. Further, lower WM concentrations were detected in the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, left superior corona radiata, and left posterior cingulum.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis confirms deterioration of frontal and insular regions as already found in previous meta‐analysis. GM reductions in these regions could be related to emotional processing and decision making, which are typically impaired in BD. Moreover, we found abnormalities in precentral frontal areas and putamen that have been linked to more basic functions, which could point to sensory and specific cognitive deficits. Finally, WM reductions involved circuitry that may contribute to emotional dysregulation in BD.
Identification of coagulation gene 3′UTR variants that are potentially regulated by microRNAs
Authors: Vossen Carla Y. , van Hylckama Vlieg Astrid , Teruel‐Montoya Raúl , Salloum‐Asfar Salam , de Haan Hugoline , Corral Javier , Reitsma Pieter , Koeleman Bobby P. C. , Martínez Constantino 
Published: April 2017

SummaryMicroRNAs have been recognized as critical regulators of gene expression and might affect the risk of venous thrombosis. We aimed to identify 3′ untranslated region (UTR) variants in coagulation genes that influence coagulation factor levels and venous thrombosis risk. The 3′UTR of coagulation genes were sequenced in subjects with extremely high or low plasma levels of these factors in two case‐control studies. In total, 28 variants were identified. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were predominantly present in one extreme level group (F2 rs1799963, F8 rs1050705 and F11 rs4253429, rs4253430 and rs1062547). Additional to F2 rs1799963, F8 rs1050705 (in men) and F11 rs4253430 were associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis albeit confidence intervals were wide. The three F11 SNPs were in high linkage disequilibrium with functional variants rs2289252 and rs2036914. Rs1062547 and rs4253430 were associated with a significant increase of plasma FXI activity in heterozygotes and homozygotes in wild‐type controls. In silico prediction revealed that these SNPs might disturb the binding sites of miR‐544 and miR‐513a‐3p. Only miR‐544 provoked a significant decrease of the luciferase activity that was not observed with a rs4253430 mutated vector. In conclusion, these results reinforce that microRNAs are candidates to play a role in haemostasis and complex disorders, such as thrombosis.