bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young Women’s Sexual Expression and Vulnerability in Youth Leisure Spaces: The Affective Atmosphere of “Attacking”
Authors: Levi Herz Rachel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article analyzes the phenomenon of “attacking”, a slang term referring to a common Israeli heterosexual script for casual sexual interactions in youth nightclubs, in order to reveal different affective relations that inform young women’s intensified vulnerability and sexual expression. Based on the theory of vulnerability and the theory of affect, it applies the relational standpoint to suggest the ambiguity of the affective atmosphere as a path to rethinking young women’s sexual expression in youth leisure spaces. Based on 39 semi-structured interviews with young women aged 18–23, this framework uses a wide range of affective responses as epistemic resources. The findings show how the affective atmosphere in “attacking” spaces reflects blurred social boundaries, intensified vulnerability, and affective relations, all of which inform young women’s sexual expression. They demonstrate the manifestations of the gender role division but also show how young women’s vulnerability serves as an affective resource for subjectification. The findings contribute to theorizing young women’s vulnerability as ambiguous, revealing how the leisure space offers different affective experiences – some deconstruct the subject, while others allow relational subjectification.
Foliar Nourishment with Different Potassium Sources to Maximize Yield Through Improving Nutrient Uptake in Citrus Aurantifolia Trees Grown in Potassium-Deficient Soil
Authors: Awad Ahmed A. M. , Hussein Hamdy A. Z. , El Samad Asmaa G. A. Abd , Belal Hussein E. E. , Beheiry Hamada R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurpose: Based on its crucial regulatory role in several biochemical processes, potassium (K) is considered to greatly influence fruit yield and quality. Methods: Two field experiments were carried out in two seasons (2021 and 2022) to explore the response of lemon (Baladi cv.) trees grown in K-deficient soil to four different K fertilizer sources applied individually as a foliar spray. K citrate (KC1 = 1.3 vs. KC2 = 2.6 g L− 1), K nitrate (KN1 = 1.5 vs. KN2 = 3.0 g L− 1), K tartrate (KT1 = 1.5 vs. KT2 = 3.0 g L− 1), and K thiosulfate (KS1 = 1.25 vs. KS2 = 2.5 g L− 1) were applied three times, and the treated trees were compared with untreated trees. This study was established with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using four replicates. Results: The findings revealed that the KC treatment, regardless of dosage, showed clear superiority in terms of the values for the leaf phosphorus (%), manganese, and zinc contents (mg kg− 1), as well as fruit firmness, fruit dry matter, and total soluble solids in both seasons. In second place was the KT treatment, which yielded the best values for fruit length and width in 2021, the best values for leaf nitrogen and iron contents and fruit weight and volume in 2022, and the best values regarding variable fluorescence by maximum fluorescence, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD readings), the photosynthetic performance index, total acidity, and vitamin C in both seasons. Furthermore, the highest total lemon yield and leaf potassium contents were achieved with the KN treatment in both seasons. The heat map illustrating that most of the studied characteristics were positively and significantly correlated with total lemon yield (TLY). Conclusions: The KN treatment, closely followed by the KC treatment, is regarded to be the best treatment for most of the studied trails.
Synthetic free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) 2 agonist 4-CMTB and FFAR4 agonist GSK13764 inhibit colon cancer cell growth and migration and regulate FFARs expression in in vitro and in vivo models of colorectal cancer
Authors: Binienda Agata , Owczarek Katarzyna , Sałaga Maciej , Fichna Jakub 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) are G protein-coupled receptors that divide into 4 subtypes; FFAR2 and FFAR3 are activated by short-chain fatty acids, while FFAR1 and FFAR4 - by long-chain fatty acids. Recent studies show the potential involvement of FFARs in the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer (CRC). A decrease in FFAR2 and FFAR4 gene expression is observed in patients with CRC. The aim of our study was to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of FFAR2 and FFAR4 stimulation by selective synthetic agonists in in vitro and in vivo models of CRC.

Materials and methods
FFAR2 agonist, 4-CMTB, and FFAR4 agonist, GSK137647 were used. Cell viability (CCD 841 CoN and SW-480) was determined after 48 h incubation with tested compounds using MTT assay. Real-time qPCR and Western Blot were used to identify changes in FFARs expression. Migration and invasion were characterized by commercially available tests. Colitis-associated CRC (CACRC) mouse model was induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate.

Results
4-CMTB and GSK137647 significantly reduced cancer cell growth as well as migration and invasion capacities. Both synthetic compounds increased FFAR2 and FFAR4 expression in SW-480 cells. Neither 4-CMTB nor GSK137647 influenced the course of AOM/DSS-induced CACRC in mice, however, 4-CMTB elevated FFAR2 protein expression in mouse tissues.

Conclusion
We presented that stimulation of FFAR2 and FFAR4 may inhibit CRC cell viability and migration and that the FFAR2 and FFAR4 expression decreased in CRC can be restored by treatment with respective agonists, indicating new promising pharmacological targets in CRC treatment.
Electing in the dark? Voting behavior in light of polarization
Authors: May Marius D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper develops a behavioral public choice model. It provides testable hypothesis to explain voter shifts in European national elections in the last decade. The model comprises three blocs of parties, the government, the opposition and so-called “profiteers”. Retrospective voters evaluate the performance of each bloc. Furthermore, it introduces an exogenous polarizing event that can affect the government’s and the profiteers’ chance to satisfy voters. Moreover, voters are subject to the negativity bias, which means that negative changes in probabilities to satisfy are stronger than positive changes. This framework yields various results on voting behavior under polarization. Most are robust to the introduction of non-voting. The government only profits from polarization iff sufficiently many positively voters are polarized in their favor to outweigh both the negativity bias and the increased competitiveness by profiteers due to polarization. Profiteers, strengthened by polarization, harm the opposition and increase voter turnout. Additionally, a higher negativity bias impairs the government, decreases voter turnout and benefits the opposition and profiteers.
Sun-protection factor of zinc-oxide sunscreens: SPFin vitro too low compared to SPFin vivo—a brief review
Authors: Osterwalder Uli , Hubaud Jean-Claude , Perroux-David Eva , Moraine Thibault , van den Bosch Jeroen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSunscreens are mainly characterized by their sun-protection factor (SPF), which is measured according to the in vivo gold standard ISO 24444. Although the SPF concept is simple, SPF values are difficult to measure, due to the rather high variability caused by the complex interaction of light and skin. For half a century, there have been attempts to correlate the costly and ethically controversial in vivo procedure with a non-invasive (in vitro) method. After decades of development, alternative non-invasive SPF methods are expected to become available as ISO standards in early 2025. In particular, sunscreen manufacturers who use zinc oxide (ZnO) in higher concentrations (conc.) (10–25%) in their formulations, are concerned that these new in vitro methods would not confirm the SPF-values on their labels that have been determined in vivo, according to ISO 24444. This brief review reveals that sunscreen formulations with high conc. of ZnO often yield SPFin vitro values that are lower than the SPFin vivo values. This can be explained by the fact that in vitro methods have been developed for conventional emulsions products with organic UV filters, but not for highly concentrated ZnO-alone sunscreens. Fortunately, there seems to be a fix for this problem. There is a difference in density between ordinary emulsions with organic filters (density of the residual oil phase ~ 1.0 g/ml) and highly concentrated ZnO-alone formulations (~ 1.3–1.7 g/ml). As the application of current standards is weight-based, this makes the film on the PMMA plate much thinner, which is likely to lead to lower SPFin vitro values. Preliminary experiments show that using the same volume on the PMMA plates instead of the same weight as organic UV filters gives a much better correlation between in vitro and in vivo SPF results. A recent evaluation of three samples of highly concentrated ZnO sunscreens by the Dutch NVWA seems to confirm these findings. Further experimental evidence is required to fully understand this phenomenon and to adapt the in vitro method for higher conc. ZnO formulations accordingly.
Appealing, but misleading: a warning against a naive AI realism
Authors: Engel-Hermann Patricia , Skulmowski Alexander 
Published: October 2024

AbstractScientists, educators, and instructional designers are facing numerous challenges due to the introduction of generative AI tools that can create appealing realistic imagery based on text prompts. Given that realism contributes to the trustworthiness of images coupled with people’s eagerness to externalize complex tasks to AI systems, the problem of a naive AI realism arises in which image creation and optimization is offloaded without considering the limitations of AI-driven technology. However, scientific visualizations and images used for educational purposes must go beyond an appealing presentation; above all, they should be accurate and factually correct. We argue that the utilization of generative AI tools for these types of visualizations requires human oversight, subject matter knowledge, and knowledge of effective design. In particular, we warn of a naive adoption of technological possibilities to “optimize” visualizations for educational purposes, such as memorability. A reductionist and naive view of AI-based optimization that fails to take into account the complex prerequisites for learning and instruction is likely to have negative consequences.
A three-pronged new development model for overcoming the middle-technology trap in China
Authors: Yongnian Zheng , Randong Yuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article addresses a critical issue facing developing countries: overcoming the “middle-technology trap” to achieve sustainable economic growth. It posits that transitioning to an innovation-driven economic growth model is pivotal for surmounting this trap and is an essential prerequisite for high-quality development. This study introduces a strategic approach through a new development model, emphasizing the synergy among three core systems: basic scientific research, applied technology, and financial support. This “three-pronged” collaboration model is argued to foster sustainable innovation-driven growth, essential for leaping over the “middle-income trap” towards high-quality development. By analyzing the historical trajectories of the Soviet Union and the United States, the article delineates the critical role of the proposed model in fostering an innovation economy. The Soviet Union’s failure and the United States’ success are examined through the lens of their respective approaches to integrating basic scientific research, applied technology, and financial systems. The analysis underscores the necessity of a balanced and interactive relationship among these systems for technological innovation, industrial development, and sustainable economic growth. The article concludes that for China to overcome the “middle-technology trap” and achieve long-term prosperity, it should embrace this “three-pronged” new development model, ensuring continuous scientific exploration, technological innovation, and productivity enhancement.
12-year-old students of Spain and their digital ecosystem: the cyberculture of the Frontier Collective
Authors: Tejada-Garitano Eneko , Ruiz Urtza Garay , Berasaluce Javier Portillo , Alonso Ander Arce 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the context of primary education, students aged 11–12 years old begin to integrate digital devices and online behaviours that are more common and widespread at the secondary level. The objective of this study is to understand the factors that determine the initial digital ecosystem of students, and to evaluate the risks that these students face at a certain threshold age. The 356 participants in the sample completed a questionnaire designed ad hoc based on the findings of other studies with the same aim. The identified correlations and the regression equations obtained indicate, fundamentally, that two out of every three students who own a smartphone use it to communicate with family and friends. Furthermore, the use of mobile phones encourages young people to join and participate in social networks at an early age. The study also reveals that at this age, students use social networks mainly for the consumption of audiovisual content and not so much to share personal information of a critical nature. Finally, students in this particular age group are considered at a threshold age because they begin using smartphones regularly, making autonomous decisions without sufficient supervision regarding digital risks, thus becoming part of the Frontier Collective.
The Uses of Humour in Spanish Environmental Education: An Exploratory Qualitative Analysis of the Potentialities, Limitations and Good Practices of Humour
Authors: Alcántara-Manzanares Jorge , Medina Quintana Silvia , García-Morís Roberto , Jesús López Serrano Miguel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article is an exploratory analysis of the use of humour in Environmental Education, from the perspective of 10 Spanish specialists and educators. Research is carried out using a qualitative methodology through semistructured interviews and a focus group of specialists. The results point to a positive perception of the use of humour and the need for flexibility on the part of the educator to adapt to the particularities of the group and the topics addressed. The differences of opinion lie in the limitations in the use of humour as well as in the recommendations made by the specialists participating in the study, which, given their background, can be considered relevant to the use of humour for environmental education in the Spanish context.
Deriving iceberg ablation rates using an on-iceberg autonomous phase-sensitive radar (ApRES)
Authors: Schild Kristin M. , Vaňková Irena , Sutherland David A. , Nicholls Keith 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The increase in iceberg discharge into the polar oceans highlights the importance of understanding how quickly icebergs are deteriorating and where the resulting freshwater injection is occurring. Recent advances in quantifying iceberg deterioration through combinations of modeling, remote sensing and direct in situ measurements have successfully calculated overall ablation rates, and surface and sidewall ablation; however, in situ measurements of basal melt rates have been difficult to obtain. Radar has successfully measured iceberg thickness, but repeat measurements, which would capture a change in iceberg thickness with time, have not yet been collected. Here we test the applicability of using an on-iceberg autonomous phase-sensitive radar (ApRES) to quantify basal ablation rates of a large (~800 m long) non-tabular Arctic iceberg during an intensive 2019 summer field campaign in Sermilik Fjord, southeast Greenland. We find that ApRES can be used to measure basal ablation even over a short deployment period (10 d), and also provide a lower bound on sidewall melt. This study fills a critical gap in iceberg research and pushes the limits of field instrumentation.
State-sponsored cyber attacks and co-movements in stock market returns: evidence from US cybersecurity defense contractors
Authors: Akoto William 
Published: October 2024

AbstractState-sponsored cyber attacks are increasingly attracting attention in the literature, with many analysts interested in the firm-level economic implications of these attacks. Nevertheless, the bulk of these studies focus on firms directly targeted in the attacks. In this paper, I examine the broader, often overlooked ripple effects of these attacks on third-party entities like cybersecurity service providers who are frequently at the frontlines of dealing with these attacks. Leveraging data on cyber attacks and stock market returns for a sample of U.S. based cybersecurity defense contractors from 2000 to 2020, I empirically demonstrate that an escalation in the intensity of state-sponsored cyber attacks prompts a behavioral shift among investors and regulators, leading to increased co-movement in firms’ stock returns. This paper thus adds a novel dimension to our understanding of the complex interplay between state-sponsored cyber attacks and the market dynamics of cybersecurity defense contractors, with important implications for national cybersecurity.
Future Generations in Climate Litigation: Early Whispers of an Intergenerational Law?
Authors: Drigo Alessandro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe “migration” of Future Generations from a moral to a judicial context represents a captivating development in contemporary legal discourse. Recent years have seen a surge in courts across various nations addressing the intersection of future generations and climate litigation. This nexus, far from being coincidental or sporadic, epitomizes a deeper societal and legal dilemma that necessitates a nuanced articulation for effective resolution. The main objective of this Article is to provide preliminary insights for contextualizing this legal evolution. Initially, the Article delineates the journey towards social legitimacy of climate science. Subsequently, it examines the impact of this social legitimation on judicial rulings, particularly observing an emerging trend in climate litigation to expand the temporal scope of legal relevance. The Article culminates in an exploration of the possible interplay between the legal significance of future generations and the extension of the law’s temporal horizon. This conjectural postulation is substantiated through select historical precedents.
Multicenter study on Clostridioides difficile infections in Mexico: exploring the landscape
Authors: De-la-Rosa-Martinez Daniel , Vilar-Compte Diana , Martínez-Rivera Nancy , Ochoa-Hein Eric , Morfin-Otero Rayo , Rangel-Ramírez María Esther , Garciadiego-Fossas Pamela , Mosqueda-Gómez Juan Luis , Rodríguez Zulueta Ana Patricia , Medina-Piñón Isaí , Franco-Cendejas Rafael , Alfaro-Rivera Christian Gerardo , Rivera-Martínez Norma Eréndira , Mendoza-Barragán Jonathan , López-Romo Alicia Estela , Manríquez-Reyes Marisol , Martínez-Oliva David Humberto , Flores-Treviño Samantha , Azamar-Marquez Jhoan M , Valverde-Ramos Lirio Nathali , Nieto-Saucedo José Raúl , Aguirre-Díaz Sara Alejandra , Camacho-Ortiz Adrián 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjective:This study aims to outline Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) trends and outcomes in Mexican healthcare facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design:Observational study of case series.Setting:Sixteen public hospitals and private academic healthcare institutions across eight states in Mexico from January 2016 to December 2022.Patients:CDI patients.Methods:Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of CDI patients were obtained from clinical records. Cases were classified as community or healthcare-associated infections, with incidence rates calculated as cases per 10,000 patient days. Risk factors for 30-day all-cause mortality were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.Results:We identified 2,356 CDI cases: 2,118 (90%) were healthcare-associated, and 232 (10%) were community-associated. Common comorbidities included hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. Previous high use of proton-pump inhibitors, steroids, and antibiotics was observed. Recurrent infection occurred in 112 (5%) patients, and 30-day mortality in 371 (16%). Risk factors associated with death were a high Charlson score, prior use of steroids, concomitant use of antibiotics, leukopenia, leukocytosis, elevated serum creatine, hypoalbuminemia, septic shock or abdominal sepsis, and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection. The healthcare-associated CDI incidence remained stable at 4.78 cases per 10,000 patient days during the pre-and pandemic periods. However, the incidence was higher in public hospitals.Conclusions:Our study underscores the need for routine epidemiology surveillance and standardized CDI classification protocols in Mexican institutions. Though CDI rates in our country align with those in some European countries, disparities between public and private healthcare sectors emphasize the importance of targeted interventions.
Quantified growth and possible heterochronic development of two corynexochid trilobites from the middle Cambrian (Miaolingian Series, Wuliuan Stage) Mount Cap Formation, eastern Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada
Authors: Handkamer Neal M. , Pratt Brian R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ontogeny of two species of corynexochid trilobites from the middle Cambrian Mount Cap Formation of the eastern Mackenzie Mountains, northern Canada, is documented. Sahtuia carcajouensis (Dolichometopidae) and Mackenzieaspis parallelispinosa (Zacanthoididae) are both endemic to this formation and only known from one locality. They, along with several other corynexochid taxa, occur in a succession of mudstone with scattered carbonate interbeds, deposited in a weakly storm-agitated setting near the flank of a semi-enclosed basin. The ontogeny of both species is characterized by mainly normal cranidial development, but a unique distribution of segments in their thoraxes and pygidia. The number of trunk segments was typical for their respective families, whereas the final number of segments released into the thorax was reduced. This occurred in both species through timing modifications to segment release, indicating heterochrony. Sahtuia carcajouensis and Mackenzieaspis parallelispinosa are likely derived from two separate clades, and heterochrony probably arose separately but synchronously. The endemicity of both species probably reflects unique paleoecological conditions in this part of the basin. Preliminary results indicate that the fossil-bearing mudstone was deposited under well-oxygenated conditions that underwent high nutrient flux and possibly experienced varying salinity. These factors may have affected the organisms’ physiology, or perhaps provoked an adaptation to achieve early maturation.
Are Mathematical Objects ‘sui generis Fictions’? Some Remarks on Aquinas’s Philosophy of Mathematics
Authors: Usma Gómez Daniel Eduardo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis contribution proposes an interpretation of Thomas Aquinas’s philosophy of mathematics. It is argued that Aquinas’s philosophy of mathematics is a coherent view whose main features enable us to understand it as a moderate realism according to which mathematical objects have an esse intentionale. This esse intentionale involves both mathematicians’ intellectual activity and natural things being knowable mathematically. It is shown that, in Aquinas’s view, mathematics’ constructive part does not conflict with mathematical realism. It is also held that mathematics’ imaginative reasoning is coherent with Aquinas’s doctrine of formal abstraction and his realistism. It focuses on some of Aquinas’s texts, which it places within their textual and doctrinal context and interprets them in the light of some historical elements.