bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Index of orthodontic treatment need applied to plaster models and to their three-dimensional digital equivalents
Authors: Sharma Paul R , McGuinness Niall JP , McDonald James P 
Published: August 2017

Orthodontic plaster casts are fragile and bulky, and an alternative method of storage which allows accurate dental cast measurement is desirable. Four examiners determined the IOTN scores from 30 sets of plaster casts on two occasions and their three-dimensional digital equivalents on two occasions. Three-dimensional digital models were found to be suitable substitutes for plaster models when scoring the Dental Health Component of the IOTN. However, there was less agreement in the scores for the Aesthetic Component. Clinical Relevance: The application of three-dimensional digital casts in orthodontics.
The use of fibre-reinforced composite for the creation of anchor units in sectional orthodontic appliances
Authors: Hutchinson Ian , McKeever Aidan 
Published: August 2017

The benefits of fibre-reinforced composite (FRC), such as strength, excellent bonding characteristics and aesthetics, are widely appreciated in restorative dentistry. These properties are well suited to the creation of orthodontic anchorage units in full-arch or sectional appliances. In this article, two clinical cases are presented where FRC has been used to create anchorage units in adult orthodontic patients with high aesthetic demands. Anchorage units created in this way are immediate, aesthetic, comfortable and require minimal unwanted tooth movement. Clinical Relevance: The article describes techniques that may be of interest to clinical orthodontists by describing a novel use for a material not commonly used in orthodontics.
Comparing relapse after occlusion using begg and biocryl retainers
Authors: Arora Surbhi , Naik Roopak D 
Published: August 2017

Stability of the occlusion after orthodontic treatment is a major goal clinicians set for themselves at the onset of treatment. To achieve this stability, retention becomes a dynamic part of orthodontics. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of Begg (wraparound) and Biocryl retainers in the prevention of relapse. Fifty patients with an Angle's Class I bimaxillary occlusion were selected for the study and randomly divided into two retention groups: Group 1 with Begg wraparound retainers and Group 2 with Biocryl retainers. Dental records, including dental casts, OPGs and lateral cephalograms were collected at pre-treatment (T1), post-treatment (T2) and one year post-retention (T3). The results showed no statistically significant difference between the two retainers, on comparison. However, Biocryl retainers were more effective in maintaining the inclination of lower incisors with respect to NB (Nasion to point B) and lower anterior alignment. Thus, Biocryl retainers are an aesthetic alternative to Begg retainers in the prevention of relapse. Clinical Relevance: Retention is a continuation of orthodontic treatment after removal of the fixed appliance. This study highlighted the importance of retainers in maintenance of orthodontic corrections achieved. In addition it compares two retainers and provides a clinical perspective on the ideal retainer to be used.
Adult orthodontics part 1: special considerations in treatment
Authors: Almuzian Mohammed , Gardner Alastair 
Published: August 2017

Adult orthodontic demand in the UK has increased significantly in both private and National Health Service sectors, the reason being improvement in the availability of orthodontic services and an increased patient awareness towards orthodontics; in particular the desire for adults to have an aesthetic smile. There is also the role of orthodontics as an adjunct to restorative, periodontal and orthognathic treatment. Clinical Relevance: Successful orthodontic treatment of adults depends on an understanding of the biological, mechanical, psychological and aesthetic needs of adult patients.
Adult orthodontics part 2: advances in treatment
Authors: Almuzian Mohammed , Gardner Alastair 
Published: August 2017

Advances in orthodontic technology, especially those that address the aesthetic problem of metal or visible braces, have boosted the demand for adult orthodontics. Dental clinicians should be familiar with the advantages and limitations of the new aesthetic appliances coming onto the market. Clinical Relevance: Understanding the advances and different treatment modalities is the responsibility of both the GDP and the specialist orthodontist so that they can convey the relevant information to patients.
The role of magnets in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics
Authors: Shastri Dipti , Tandon Pradeep , Sharma Sudhir , Singh Gulshan K 
Published: August 2017

Magnets have been used in dentistry for many years. The force they deliver can be directed, and they can exert their force through mucosa and bone. There are various types of magnets used in the field of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics, all with their advantages and disadvantages. The biological effect, different materials used, and the recycling of magnets is discussed in this article. Clinical Relevance: To review various uses of magnets in the field of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics.
A re-audit of the quality of digital lateral cephalometric radiographs
Authors: Perry John , Puri Anchal , Ho-A-Yun John 
Published: August 2017

An audit was conducted within a district general hospital's orthodontic department to improve the quality of digital lateral cephalometric radiographs. The results of the audit show improvements in the quality of lateral cephalometric radiographs, following the introduction of a new picture archiving and communications system and charged coupling device cephalometric machine. Clinical Relevance: A Quality Assurance programme is one of the essential legal requirements of the Ionizing Radiations Regulations 1999 (IRR99). This article demonstrates a simple method to monitor the quality of lateral cephalometric radiographs, based on the Health Protection Agency ratings of radiographic quality.
Orthodontic and periodontal management of canine-premolar transposition in the maxilla complicated by recession
Authors: O'Keeffe Mary E , O'Keeffe Con D 
Published: August 2017

Tooth transposition is the positional interchange of two adjacent teeth or the development or eruption of a tooth in a position occupied normally by a non-adjacent tooth. It has a reported incidence of 0.4% of the population and is more common in females. Canine–premolar transposition is the most common presentation, occurring more frequently in the maxilla. 2 A 17-year-old female presented with an unerupted left maxillary canine in complete transposition with the maxillary left first premolar. Orthodontic treatment to correct the malocclusion and the transposition was complicated by gingival recession, which in turn was treated with corrective periodontal surgery. Clinical Relevance: This case report demonstrates the risk of localized gingival recession in the orthodontic management of canine–premolar transposition cases, even when opting for a less hazardous treatment plan. Most importantly, it highlights the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to patient care.
Cleft lip and palate at a glance
Authors: Chawla Ourvinder , Deacon Scott A , Ireland Anthony J , Sandy Jonathan R 
Published: August 2017

Clefts of the lip and palate are the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly. They are generally divided into two broad categories, which include cleft lip with or without cleft palate and isolated cleft palate. The incidence of these anomalies varies according to cleft type, geographical location and ethnicity. This article aims to give an overview of the genetic links and the known environmental influences that may contribute to the development of a cleft. In addition, the embryological development of the lip and palate and the patient care pathway from birth to adulthood are highlighted. Clinical Relevance: A basic understanding of cleft lip and palate is important for clinicians involved in the delivery of regular dental care for a patient born with an oro-facial cleft.
A manual for space analysis in the mixed dentition
Authors: Carty Orla , Creaven Vanessa , Hennessy Joe , Al-Awadhi Ebrahim A 
Published: August 2017

A review of the literature outlining the methods of space analysis and their efficacy was completed using PubMed. Four main methods of space analysis in the mixed dentition were explained and the advantages and limitations of each method was outlined. Prediction tables are effective when applied to the target population from which they were derived. In the case of patients who do not fit the population group from which the correlations are based, radiographic evaluation is the best approach, and computer analysis should be avoided unless a modified equation is available for that particular group. Practically, these modified equations offer the best approach, allowing for the early estimation of space utilizing the width of the mandibular incisors, hence not requiring the use of complex tables or radiographs. However, these methods do not take into account the changes in the anterior-posterior and transverse tooth positions. Moreover, some consider a universal figure for the mesial migration of the first permanent molars to be 1.7 mm, as proposed by Moyers, which has been disputed in the literature. There is evidence to support that the mesial migration of permanent molars following the loss of the primary dentition varies significantly between individuals. Overall, space analysis allows for the estimation of a child's treatment need in relation to crowding and provides a quantitative guideline for the decision to space maintain or extract, depending on the clinical scenario. Although there are several methods which have been developed over the past years, they all have their limitations and these limitations should be considered when space analysis methods are used. Clinical Relevance: To provide a manual which will facilitate the prediction of the space requirement for unerupted permanent teeth, thus aiding in the diagnosis, treatment planning and management of crowding in the mixed dentition in children.
Sequential correction of severe anterior segmental crossbite by conventional removable appliance therapy
Authors: Khurana Gaurav , Khurana Navneet Arora , Gupta Ritu 
Published: August 2017

Anterior crossbite or reverse overjet is the term used to describe an abnormal labiolingual relationship between one or more maxillary and mandibular incisor teeth. This may involve just a single tooth or up to all the upper incisors. Interceptive treatment is usually carried out in order to reduce the severity of this developing malocclusion in the mixed dentition. Different techniques have been used to correct anterior crossbite with variable effectiveness. This case report demonstrates a simple and cost-effective method for the correction of severe segmental anterior crossbite with a removable, lower Catalan's appliance initially and upper posterior biteplane with a z-spring later. Clinical Relevance: Anterior crossbite correction in the early mixed dentition is highly recommended as this kind of malocclusion does not diminish with age and could lead to further complications. Removable appliances are safe, cost-effective, rapid and an easy alternative for the treatment of crossbite cases requiring simple tipping, in contrast to a fixed appliance, which can be use in more complex conditions, is expensive, unaesthetic, difficult to maintain and needs a posterior bite platform incorporated.
Maxillary incisor root resorption induced by ectopic canines part 2: clinical management
Authors: Wong Lilia , Khan Sadaf 
Published: August 2017

There is extensive material in the orthodontic literature regarding canine ectopia but far less on the possible sequelae of ectopic canines, such as the resorption of maxillary incisor roots. This is the second paper in a two-part series exploring the subject of ectopic canines inducing root resorption of maxillary incisors. The first paper examined the orthodontic and dental literature in order to compile a review of the prevalence rates and longevity outcomes of maxillary incisor root resorption as a result of impacted maxillary canines. This second paper will explore the clinical management of patients with maxillary incisor resorption as a result of an impacted maxillary canine. Clinical Relevance: Maxillary incisor root resorption induced by ectopic maxillary canines is an issue for all dental specialties; however, the awareness of each stage of management is limited. This paper aims to increase awareness and provide a reference point for appropriate management by clinicians.
Orthodontics or surgery? – what to do first
Authors: Seema K Lahoti , Kapil B Lahoti , Ashok M Karia , Akhil G Rathi 
Published: August 2017

The combined treatment of orthognathic surgery with orthodontics for severe skeletal malocclusion can dramatically improve facial aesthetics. The traditional treatment plan for a skeletal malocclusion is orthognathic surgery, including a pre-orthodontic and post-orthodontic phase. Pre-orthodontic treatment increases the total treatment time and is sometimes considered the worst part of the treatment by the patient. Surgery followed by orthodontic treatment gives a good result and reduces the treatment duration for certain selected cases. The purpose of the present study was to report our experience with the ‘Surgery First’ approach for skeletal malocclusions. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Skeletal malocclusions where the dental discrepancy is not severe can be treated first with orthognathic surgery followed by orthodontic treatment. This may reduce the overall treatment time.
An audit to assess patient satisfaction with orthodontic treatment at john radcliffe hospital, oxford
Authors: Oliver Graham , Khan Sadaf 
Published: August 2017

The aim was to assess patient satisfaction with orthodontic treatment at John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford. A questionnaire was handed out to patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Results show great satisfaction with orthodontic treatment but the audit standard was not met in relation to facilities, the surgery environment and waiting times. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper reminds clinicians of the importance of patient-centred healthcare, enabling the patient care pathway to be as satisfactory as possible.
‘Ricky, this is amazing!’: Disney nostalgia, new media users, and the extreme fans of the WDW Kingdomcast
Authors: Kiriakou Olympia 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Situated along the periphery of the Walt Disney World fan network is the WDW Kingdomcast, a growing social-media based community of predominately male, twenty-to-thirty something American Disney fans. Their unorthodox attitude and critical opinions about The Walt Disney Company makes them an anomaly amongst the family-friendly and information-based Disney fan groups. The Kingdomcast’s profane, misogynistic, racially-insensitive and often antagonistic discussions on their podcasts and Facebook page would make those unfamiliar with the community question whether their cynicism is symptomatic of their anti-fandom. Using Jonathan Gray’s definition of the ‘anti-fan’ as a starting point, this article draws from archived social media conversations, fan-created media and first-hand interactions with community members to argue that despite their cynicism, the Kingdomcast fans are, in fact, extremely passionate Walt Disney World fans who have taken their critical position as a way to reconcile their ambivalence to the current state of the parks. Their strong reliance on social media has allowed members to indulge in their otherwise non-traditional fandom in a ‘safe’ virtual space, and enabled them to forge virtual and real-world relationships with like-minded fans from their local communities and beyond.
Riscos Ocupacionais: Uma revisão da Literatura
Authors: Gregório David De Sousa 
Published: August 2017

A Saúde do Trabalhador é um campo do conhecimento em Saúde Coletiva que ainda se encontra em construção. Seu objeto está centrado no processo saúde-doença dos trabalhadores. Quanto aos acidentes de trabalho que os atingem, os trabalhadores com funções em unidades hospitalares, apresentam exposição a inúmeros e variados riscos ocupacionais, seja na área de atendimento aos pacientes, como nas áreas de apoio aos serviços de atenção à saúde. Estratégias preventivas apresentam-se ainda como desafio para administradores e trabalhadores, implicando em maior ganho quanto a promoção da saúde destes profissionais.
Adiponectin and leptin as first trimester markers for gestational diabetes mellitus: a cohort study
Authors: Thagaard Ida Näslund , Krebs Lone , Holm Jens-Christian , Lange Theis , Larsen Torben , Christiansen Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing partly due to the obesity epidemic. Adipocytokines have thus been suggested as first trimester screening markers for GDM. In this study we explore the associations between body mass index (BMI) and serum concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, and the adiponectin/leptin ratio. Furthermore, we investigate whether these markers can improve the ability to screen for GDM in the first trimester.Methods:A cohort study in which serum adiponectin and leptin were measured between gestational weeks 6+0 and 14+0 in 2590 pregnant women, categorized into normal weight, moderately obese, or severely obese.Results:Lower concentrations of adiponectin were associated with GDM in all BMI groups; the association was more pronounced in BMI<35 kg/mConclusions:Low adiponectin measured in the first trimester is associated with the development of GDM; higher BMI was associated with lower performance of adiponectin, though this was insignificant. Leptin had an inverse relationship with GDM in severely obese women and did not improve the ability to predict GDM.
Caloric Sweetened Beverage Taxes: A Toothless Solution?
Authors: Cohen Evan , deFonseka Jehan , McGowan Richard 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We lay out a framework for assessing if calorie sweetened beverage taxes are effective, and, concluding they are not, provide recommendations for better solutions. Similar taxes, known as sin taxes, generally have three specific goals: 1) to lower consumption of the offending substance or activity; 2) to minimize the black market; and 3) to generate government revenues. We find that on the whole, caloric sweetened beverage taxes fail to meet each of the criteria for effective sin taxes. They neither meaningfully lower consumption of caloric sweeteners generally, nor do they provide for a healthier alternative. They are straightforward to geographically circumvent, and there are many carve outs which are not taxed, dampening the impact they could have on the consumption of caloric sweeteners. Although these taxes are potentially a significant source of tax revenue, such collections are largely and disproportionately borne by the poor. Instead, we propose enacting a broad policy on a national level consisting of three components: 1) removing government support for caloric sweeteners, 2) levying a federal excise tax on caloric sweeteners at the producer level, and 3) investing in research, implementation of significant subsidies, and development and transmission of explicit government advice in favor of foods that are irrefutably beneficial for the vast majority of human beings.
Moral vegetarianism vs. Moral omnivorism
Authors: Park Seungbae 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
It is supererogatory to refrain from eating meat, just as it is supererogatory to refrain from driving cars, living in apartments, and wearing makeup, for the welfare of animals. If all animals are equal, and if nonhuman omnivores, such as bears and baboons, are justified in killing the members of other species, such as gazelles and buffaloes, for food, humans are also justified in killing the members of other species, such as cows, pigs, and chickens, for food. In addition, it is fair for humans to eat animals because humans are also eaten by animals.
What socio-historicism and naturalism can learn from one another
Authors: Danka Istvan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In this paper I shall argue on Rortyan grounds that the two prima facie conflicting trends in contemporary philosophy, i.e. socialising and naturalising the mind should go hand in hand. First, I shall discuss socialising and naturalising tendencies as anti-sceptical strategies. Then I shall challenge both approaches and sketch out that they can be used together to solve some of their central problems. I shall recall how socially minded philosophers tend to ignore the non-social and argue that a naturalistic explanation of the genesis of social practices is a suitable way for them to connect the social to the physical. Then I shall argue, in return, that naturalism could be supported by socio-historical approaches where two phenomena that are hard to naturalise are concerned: the first-person perspective on one hand, and normativity on the other. For these reasons, cooperation rather than ignorance and/or conflict between naturalists and socio-historicists would be desirable.
My aim is not to develop an anti-Cartesian argument. That has been done by the authors I directly or indirectly refer to. Neither is my aim to show that naturalism or socio-historicism alone could not do the job. They probably could. My point is twofold, consisting of a descriptive and a normative claim: first, to demonstrate convergences between two recent, prima facie conflicting trends in recent history of philosophy (from a bird’s eye view); and second, to argue that it is more efficient and more economical for these trends to cooperate because one can easily support the weaknesses of the other. Hence, my suggestion that naturalism and socio-historicism should act as allies in the face of their common enemy, rather than as one another’s enemies.
Dynamic Analysis of a Lü Model in Six Dimensions and Its Projections
Authors: Alberto Quezada-Téllez Luis , Carrillo-Moreno Salvador , Rosas-Jaimes Oscar , Flores-Godoy José Job , Fernández-Anaya Guillermo 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In this article, extended complex Lü models (ECLMs) are proposed. They are obtained by substituting the real variables of the classical Lü model by complex variables. These projections, spanning from five dimensions (5D) and six dimensions (6D), are studied in their dynamics, which include phase spaces, calculations of eigenvalues and Lyapunov’s exponents, Poincaré maps, bifurcation diagrams, and related analyses. It is shown that in the case of a 5D extension, we have obtained chaotic trajectories; meanwhile the 6D extension shows quasiperiodic and hyperchaotic behaviors and it exhibits strange nonchaotic attractor (SNA) features.