bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weiterentwicklung der «Waldpolitik 2020» aus Sicht der Schweizer Waldstakeholder
Authors: Zabel Astrid , Lieberherr Eva 
Published: July 2016

Advancement of the Swiss Forest Policy 2020 from stakeholders' perspectives
In light of the ending of the Swiss “ Forest Policy 2020”, this article assesses the goals, challenges and concerns of Swiss forest stakeholders in relation to forest policy post 2020. The data were collected through expert interviews and an online survey. The results show that securing an economically sustainable forest management and economically viable silvicultural businesses are key concerns for many stakeholders. Apart from these issues, several further and sometimes conflicting interests were mentioned. The study concludes that a debate on an adjustment of the weights given to goals in the Swiss Forest Policy 2020 may be commendable. However, there does not appear to be need for a complete change of course in order to address the stakeholders' needs and concerns. In terms of policy process, most stakeholders positively evaluated the past planning and development process of the Swiss Forest Policy 2020, but also provided suggestions for improvements. Finally, a network analysis revealed that the Swiss Federal Agency for the Environment, the Swiss Forest Owners Association and the Conference of Cantonal Foresters played a central role in the amendment of the Swiss Federal Forest Act. The analysis also showed that more stakeholders find each other as important than actually work together in a legislative process.
Jeu de rôle et Imitatio Christi : le Saint Jérôme pénitent de Barthel Bruyn du musée de la Chartreuse de Douai.
Authors: Martens Didier 
Published: July 2016

Rollenspel en Imitatio Christi : Sint-Hieronymus als boeteling van Bartel Bruyn, in het Musée de la Chartreuse te Douai.
Het Musée de la Chartreuse te Douai bewaart een werk van Bartel Bruyn, Sint-Hieronymus als boeteling (fig. 1). Bruyn was de grote schilder in Keulen in de eerste helft van de 16de eeuw. De heilige eremiet is geknield voor een kruis voorgesteld, in het gezelschap van een opdrachtgeefster — een Domin- kanennon — en haar patroonheilige, Sint-Jan de evangelist. Het werk biedt een spectaculair voorbeeld van de "rollenspellen" die in de religieuze kunst van het einde van de middeleeuwen zo populair waren. De toeschouwer kan zich identifîcieren met de non, die afgebeeld is in een houding die op die van de heilige Hieronymus gelijkt. Het is zo gemakkelijk voor de toeschouwer zichzelf ook voor te stellen als de heilige zelf. Hij beweegt zich van de ene identificatie naar de andere. De heilige Hieronymus, geknield voor het kruis, imiteert in zijn devote houding de Passie van Christus. Het eindpunt van de identificatiereis die het schilderij aanbiedt is de Imitatio Christi zelf, waaraan de toeschouwer via tussenpersonen kan deelhebben.
De l'exaltation spirituelle à l'action politique. José Streel ou le tragique destin d'un collaborateur belge.
Authors: Delaunois Jean-Marie 
Published: July 2016

Le 21 février 1946, un journaliste et écrivain politique belge de 34 ans, José Streel, était fusillé pour collaboration avec l'occupant allemand. Dès les années trente, ce jeune intellectuel avait cru que seule l'instauration d'un ordre nouveau permettrait une régénération de la société.
Issu d'une famille paysanne, José Streel, formé au sein de l'Action catholique, subit des influences littéraires et politiques fondamentales : Barrés, Bloy, Maritain, mais surtout Maurras, un "maître" à ses yeux. Il pensa très tôt que le jeune mouvement rexiste de Léon Degrelle, qui commençait — nous sommes en 1933 — à se manifester bruyamment, pourrait réaliser ses idéaux de révolutions spirituelle et temporelle.
Après 1940, Streel définit et mena une politique de collaboration modérée dont le respect de l'indépendance nationale, de la monarchie et des traditions culturelles du peuple belge constituait l'assise. Mais, sa bonne foi ne suffit pas à convaincre la justice belge en 1945.
Le destin tragique de José Streel fut celui d'un "poète de l'esprit", qui se constitua son rexisme et sa collaboration, en dépit du bon sens.
Hypertension among Outpatients at a General Hospital in South Angola: Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control
Authors: Paquissi Feliciano C. , Cuvinje Arminda B.P. , Cuvinje Almeida B. , Paquissi Arlindo M. 
Published: July 2016

Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in patients attending an outpatient clinic at a general hospital in Huambo, South Angola. Methods A total of 265 subjects aged 18 years and older were included. Evaluation included complete interview and blood pressure measurement using a validated automatic device. Results The prevalence rates of hypertension and prehypertension were 38.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.83%-44.90%) and 30.20% (95% CI: 24.52%-36.22%), respectively. Hypertension was associated with age (>35 years; odds ratio [OR] = 10.09, 95% CI: 5.46-18.66, P < 0.01) and female gender (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.08-3.05, P = 0.02). Among total hypertensive patients, 54.9% were aware of their diagnosis, 28.43% were in treatment, and 7.84% had controlled blood pressure. Lack of awareness was significantly higher in younger (age ≤ 37 years; OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.13-9.49, P = 0.02). Conclusion This study revealed a high prevalence of hypertension, with low awareness, treatment, and control rates. Greater efforts are necessary to overcome these challenges.
Historias de la literatura y educación literaria
Authors: Romero Tobar Leonardo 
Published: July 2016

La complejidad propia de los textos literarios y, en consecuencia, de su inclusión en la noción más abstracta de <em>literatura</em> ha suscitado en todos los tiempos múltiples reacciones exegéticas, entre no es la de menor calado su presencia en el proceso de la <em>educación</em>, ya se entienda ésta como el estado instructivo del aprendizaje en los ignaros de materias específicas o como el modo de apropiación personal de determinadas prácticas sociales y valores morales.
The Relationship between Financing Policy, Earnings Management and Governance Practices
Authors: Lin Yi-Mien , Chien Hsiu Fang 
Published: July 2016

<p>This paper examines the effect of managers manipulated earnings management methods on the firm’s financing policies and investigates the relationship between internal control, audit quality, and earnings management. We adopt the two-stage model to control self-selection of earnings management and the principal component analysis to extract the first principal component as the corporate governance. The findings show that firms choose the earning management tools in advance in year -1. Corporate governance can restrain real earnings management, but the effect decline when firms engaged in financing activities. Only the larger shareholdings of institutional investors and firms audited by industry specialist can restrain real earnings management when firms undertake financing policies. The firms of issuing bonds choose real earnings management to avoid frequent outsider monitoring. And then, it causes operating performance to decline continuously two years after bond financing. Moreover, investors don’t correct the price impact of earlier earnings overstates for SEOs and bonds sample. </p>
(Im) Politeness and Gender in the Arabic Discourse of Social Media Network Websites: Facebook as a Norm
Authors: Al-Shlool Safaa 
Published: July 2016

<p class="1"><span lang="X-NONE">The present study aims to investigate the differences and similarities in the ways men and women use (im)politeness strategies in communicating “online” in the Arabic discourse of social media network websites like Facebook as well as the role of the topic the interlocutors talk about in the use of (im)politeness strategies. In addition, the study investigates the differences between the men-men, women-women, women-men communication in the Arabic discourse of social media network website, Facebook. For the purposes of this study, a corpus of online Arabic texts were collected from some public web pages of the most popular TV show programs on some of the most well-liked social media network websites such as Facebook over a period of four months (from September 2012- December 2012). The obtained data were studied quantitatively and qualitatively. Many studies have been conducted on cross-gender differences especially in the computer mediated communication CMC, but none so far has focused on the gender differences and (im)politeness in the Arabic discourse of social media network websites although there is a huge number of Arabic users of such websites. The present study, therefore, attempts to fill in the gap in the literature. </span></p>
The Extent of the Contribution of the Educational Environment of Najran University in Developing Creative and Innovative Enterprises among the University Students
Authors: Nimer Ameen Mohammad 
Published: July 2016

<p>This study aims at identifying the reality of stimulating educational environment for creativity at the Najran University (NU), and the importance of the availability of certain influencing factors, which in turn contribute to the provision of innovative and creative projects. Reviewing the literature and related studies, the importance of the availability of those factors in the university educational environment were explored and organized into two main categories. The first category: Practices and roles played by the university administration in the development of students to provide creative and innovative projects (6 elements).The second category: practices and roles played by the teaching staff members in the development of students to provide creative and innovative projects (3 elements).A questionnaire consisted of twenty items was designed and distributed a sample of university teaching staff members. The results clarified that such practices and roles were in the moderate level of sample agreement in general, with a decrease in the levels of some elements and slightly higher in others. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences due to sex and specialization variables. The study recommended the need to address the shortcomings of each of the following elements. Providing learning resource centers at the university, supporting extracurricular activities ‘Students Club’, establishing incubators supporting creative projects, providing scientific research centers, establishing scientific and research partnerships, Motivation and encouragement, teaching methods, scientific research, and self-learning skills.</p>
Programas de Pós-Graduação em Serviço Social no Brasil: tendências das áreas de concentração, linhas de pesquisa e disciplinas
Authors: Closs Thaísa Teixeira , Prates Jane Cruz , Carraro Gissele 
Published: July 2016

<p>O estudo apresentado neste artigo tem como objetivo identificar tendências em relação à estruturação dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Serviço Social no Brasil, com ênfase na análise da organização das áreas de concentração, linhas de pesquisa e oferta de disciplinas, de modo a levantar os temas mais abordados nos processos investigativos e formativos nos programas existentes no país. O estudo foi desenvolvido por meio de pesquisa documental, através da construção de Banco de Dados, que sistematiza informações da CAPES, e de sítios eletrônicos dos programas. Os resultados evidenciam a prevalência das temáticas: Política Social, Questão Social e Trabalho, articuladas ao debate da profissão, como as principais tendências de pesquisa e formação nesse nível de ensino. </p>
Fotosintezės pigmentų kiekio ir spalvos kitimas mažosiose salotose laikymo metu
Authors: Tarasevičienė Živilė , Aleknavičiūtė Orinta , Velička Aloyzas , Černiauskienė Judita , Paulauskienė Aurelija , Jurevičienė Vitalija , Krasauskas Aurimas , Televičiūtė Dalė 
Published: July 2016

Tyrimai atlikti Aleksandro Stulginskio universitete. Tirtos keturių veislių mažosios salotos: raudonlapės ‘Ovired’ ir ‘Redza’ bei žalialapės ‘Alanet’ ir ‘Lettony’. Salotos pasėtos 2015 m. gegužės 8 d., nuimtos – 2015 m. birželio 5 d. Laikytos šaldytuve 2 ± 0,5 °C temperatūroje esant 90 % santykiniam drėgniui 14 dienų. Laikomose salotose analizuoti fotosintetinių pigmentų kiekio ir spalvos pokyčiai. Spalvos pokyčiai įvertinti spektrofotometru nustačius L*a*b* koordinačių reikšmes NBS vienetais, o fotosintetinių pigmentų – ištyrus chlorofilo a ir b bei bendrą karotenoidų kiekį. Laikymo metu fotosintetinių pigmentų kiekis visų tirtųjų veislių mažųjų salotų lapuo­se keičiasi labai nežymiai. Keturiolika laikymo dienų nepaskatino salotų senėjimo proceso tiek, kad būtų nustatytas statistiškai esminis chlorofilo a skilimas, o chlorofilo b pokyčiai dar mažesni. Bendrasis karotenoidų kiekis statistiškai esminiai didėjo visų veislių, išskyrus ‘Ovired’, salotų lapuose. Spalva priklauso nuo genetinių salotų veislių savybių, tačiau laikymo metu kai kurie spalviniai komponentai skyla, ir maisto žaliavų spalva keičiasi. Laikant mažąsias salotas keičiasi jų L* koordinatės reikšmė, salotų lapai šviesėja, o žalialapių salotų lapų spalvos koordinatės b* reikšmė didėja (salotos gelsta).
Kalio hidrokarbonato poveikis žaliosios šerytės atsparumui užmirkimo sąlygomis
Authors: Vainorienė Rimanta , Burbulis Natalija , Jonytienė Vaida , Blinstrubienė Aušra , Rauckis Vytautas 
Published: July 2016

Tyrimai atlikti Aleksandro Stulginskio universiteto Jungtinių tyrimų centro (ASU JTC) Agrobiotechnologijos laboratorijoje. Tirtas kalio hidrokarbonato poveikis fotosintetinių pigmentų, bendrųjų sacharidų ir prolino pokyčiams žaliosios šerytės augaluose užmirkimo sąlygomis. Augalus auginant programuojamoje auginimo kameroje užmirkimo sąlygos buvo sudarytos augalams esant 13 fenologinėje fazėje (pagal BBCH skalę). Nustatyta, kad trumpalaikis drėgmės perteklius skatino chlorofilo a ir karotenoidų sintezę, tačiau inhibavo chlorofilo b kaupimąsi žaliosios šerytės augaluose. Ilgiau (72 val.) trunkantis užmirkimo stresas statistiškai patikimai slopino chlorofilo a ir karotenoidų sintezę, o chlorofilo b kiekiui esminės įtakos neturėjo. Purškimas per lapus tirtosiomis kalio hidrokarbonato koncentracijomis skatino fotosintetinių pigmentų sintezę žaliosios šerytės augaluose drėgmės pertekliaus sąlygomis. Dėl kalio hidrokarbonato po­veikio žaliosios šerytės augaluose nustatyti statistiškai patikimai mažesni prolino ir sacharidų kiekiai, įrodantys, kad augalai leng­viau adaptavosi prie drėgmės pertekliaus streso.
Amorphous/epitaxial superlattice for thermoelectric application
Authors: Ishida Akihiro , Thao Hoang Thi Xuan , Shibata Mamoru , Nakashima Seisuke , Tatsuoka Hirokazu , Yamamoto Hidenari , Kinoshita Yohei , Ishikiriyama Mamoru , Nakamura Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
An amorphous/epitaxial superlattice system is proposed for application to thermoelectric devices, and the superlattice based on a PbGeTeS system was prepared by the alternate deposition of PbS and GeTe using a hot wall epitaxy technique. The structure was analyzed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray analysis, and it was found that the superlattice consists of an epitaxial PbTe-based layer and a GeS-based amorphous layer by the reconstruction of the constituents. A reduction in thermal conductivity due to the amorphous/epitaxial system was confirmed by a 2ω method. Electrical and thermoelectric properties were measured for the samples.
Proportional–integral and proportional–integral–derivative-based cyclic sleep controllers with anti-windup technique for energy-efficient and delay-aware passive optical networks
Authors: Kikuchi Takahiro , Kubo Ryogo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In energy-efficient passive optical network (PON) systems, the increase in the queuing delays caused by the power-saving mechanism of optical network units (ONUs) is an important issue. Some researchers have proposed quality-of-service (QoS)-aware ONU cyclic sleep controllers in PON systems. We have proposed proportional (P) and proportional–derivative (PD)-based controllers to maintain the average queuing delay at a constant level regardless of the amount of downstream traffic. However, sufficient performance has not been obtained because of the sleep period limitation. In this paper, proportional–integral (PI) and proportional–integral–derivative (PID)-based controllers considering the sleep period limitation, i.e., using an anti-windup (AW) technique, are proposed to improve both the QoS and power-saving performance. Simulations confirm that the proposed controllers provide better performance than conventional controllers in terms of the average downstream queuing delay and the time occupancy of ONU active periods.
Development of optical biosensor based on photonic crystal made of TiO2 using liquid phase deposition
Authors: Aono Keigo , Aki Shoma , Sueyoshi Kenji , Hisamoto Hideaki , Endo Tatsuro 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We fabricated a titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based photonic crystal (PhC) using liquid phase deposition (LPD) to develop highly sensitive optical biosensors. The optical characteristics of the PhCs in the visible region were sensitive to the change in the refractive index of the surrounding medium due to an antigen–antibody reaction; thus, applications using the optical biosensor are expected to be highly sensitive. However, a base material with a high refractive index is indispensable for the fabrication of the PhC. Here, TiO2, which has optical transparency in the visible region, was selected as the high refractive index base material. The present LPD method allowed fabrication using low-cost apparatus. Furthermore, the mild conditions of the LPD method led to formation of TiO2-based PhC with fewer crack structures. Finally, the anti-neuron-specific enolase antibody was immobilized onto the TiO2-based PhC surface, and 1–1000 ng/mL of the neuron-specific enolase antigen was successfully detected.
Fabrication of gold-deposited plasmonic crystal based on nanoimprint lithography for label-free biosensing application
Authors: Nishiguchi Kiichi , Sueyoshi Kenji , Hisamoto Hideaki , Endo Tatsuro 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Here, we developed a highly sensitive label-free plasmonic crystal (PC). The PC is composed of two types of nanoperiodic metal structures, nanodiscs and nanohole arrays, fabricated simultaneously by nanoimprint lithography using a nanostructured polymer mold. The PC absorbed light at specific wavelengths based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The strongly enhanced electric field was excited by the combined structures of nanodiscs and nanohole arrays; thus, highly sensitive biosensing was possible. The LSPR-based optical characteristics of the PC were analyzed by finite-difference time-domain simulation; the structure (metal layer thickness) was optimized to respond to changes in the surrounding refractive index with high sensitivity. PC-based biosensor chips were prepared by immobilizing anti-human immunoglobulin G, which was successfully detected in the 200 pg/mL to 200 ng/mL range. Our approach introduces an easy and rapid process allowing large-area fabrication of PCs, resulting in a highly sensitive label-free biosensor device.
The effect of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) on the size and weight of mangos (Mangifera indicaL.)
Authors: Saeed Shafqat , Naqqash Muhammad Nadir , Jaleel Waqar , Saeed Qamar , Ghouri Fozia 
Published: July 2016

Background:Pollination has a great effect on the yield of fruit trees. Blow flies are considered as an effective pollinator compared to hand pollination in fruit orchards. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of different pollination methods in mango orchards.Methodology:The impact of pollination on quantity and quality of mango yield by blow flies was estimated by using three treatments, i.e., open pollinated trees, trees were covered by a net in the presence of blow flies for pollination, and trees were covered with a net but without insects.Results:The maximum number of flowers was recorded in irregular types of inflorescence, i.e., 434.80 flowers/inflorescence. Fruit setting (bud) was higher in open pollinated mango trees (i.e. 37.00/inflorescence) than enclosed pollination by blow flies (i.e. 22.34/inflorescence). The size of the mango fruit was the highest (5.06 mm) in open pollinated tree than those pollinated by blow flies (3.93 mm) and followed by without any pollinator (3.18 mm) at marble stage. We found that the maximum weight of mango fruit (201.19 g) was in open pollinated trees.Discussion:The results demonstrated that blow flies can be used as effective mango pollinators along with other flies and bees. The blow flies have shown a positive impact on the quality and quantity of mango. This study will be helpful in future and also applicable at farm level to use blow flies as pollinators that are cheap and easy to rear.
Impact of the 2008 Global Recession on air quality over the United States: Implications for surface ozone levels from changes in NOx emissions
Authors: Tong Daniel , Pan Li , Chen Weiwei , Lamsal Lok , Lee Pius , Tang Youhua , Kim Hyuncheol , Kondragunta Shobha , Stajner Ivanka 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSatellite and ground observations detected large variability in nitrogen oxides (NOx) during the 2008 economic recession, but the impact of the recession on air quality has not been quantified. This study combines observed NOx trends and a regional chemical transport model to quantify the impact of the recession on surface ozone (O3) levels over the continental United States. The impact is quantified by simulating O3 concentrations under two emission scenarios: business‐as‐usual (BAU) and recession. In the BAU case, the emission projection from the Cross‐State Air Pollution Rule is used to estimate the “would‐be” NOx emission level in 2011. In the recession case, the actual NO2 trends observed from Air Quality System ground monitors and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on the Aura satellite are used to obtain “realistic” changes in NOx emissions. The model prediction with the recession effect agrees better with ground O3 observations over time and space than the prediction with the BAU emission. The results show that the recession caused a 1–2 ppbv decrease in surface O3 concentration over the eastern United States, a slight increase (0.5–1 ppbv) over the Rocky Mountain region, and mixed changes in the Pacific West. The gain in air quality benefits during the recession, however, could be quickly offset by the much slower emission reduction rate during the post‐recession period.
A comparison of empirical and experimental O7+, O8+, and O/H values, with applications to terrestrial solar wind charge exchange
Authors: Whittaker Ian C. , Sembay Steve 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSolar wind charge exchange occurs at Earth between the neutral planetary exosphere and highly charged ions of the solar wind. The main challenge in predicting the resultant photon flux in the X‐ray energy bands is due to the interaction efficiency, known as the α value. This study produces experimental α values at the Earth, for oxygen emission in the range of 0.5–0.7 keV. Thirteen years of data from the Advanced Composition Explorer are examined, comparing O7+ and O8+ abundances, as well as O/H to other solar wind parameters allowing all parameters in the
calculation to be estimated based on solar wind velocity. Finally, a table is produced for a range of solar wind speeds giving average O7+ and O8+ abundances, O/H, and
values.