bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ash dieback invasion of Europe was founded by two individuals from a native population with huge adaptive potential
Authors: McMullan Mark , Rafiqi Maryam , Kaithakottil Gemy , Clavijo Bernardo , Bilham Lorelei , Orton Elizabeth , Percival-Alwyn Lawrence , Ward Ben J. , Edwards Anne , Saunders Diane G.O. , Garcia Gonzalo , Wright Jonathan , Verweij Walter , Koutsovoulos Georgios , Yoshida Kentaro , Hosoya Tsuyoshi , Williamson Louisa , Jennings Philip , Ioos Renaud , Husson Claude , Hietala Ari M. , Vivian-Smith Adam , Solheim Halvor , MaClean Dan , Fosker Christine , Hall Neil , Brown James K.M. , Swarbreck David , Blaxter Mark , Downie Allan , Clark Matthew D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAccelerating international trade and climate change make pathogen spread an increasing concern.Hymenoscyphus fraxineus,the causal agent of ash dieback is one such pathogen, moving across continents and hosts from Asian to European ash. Most European common ash(Fraxinus excelsior)trees are highly susceptible toH. fraxineusalthough a small minority (~5%) evidently have partial resistance to dieback. We have assembled and annotated a draft of theH. fraxineusgenome which approaches chromosome scale. Pathogen genetic diversity across Europe, and in Japan, reveals a tight bottleneck into Europe, though a signal of adaptive diversity remains in key host interaction genes (effectors). We find that the European population was founded by two divergent haploid individuals. Divergence between these haplotypes represents the 'shadow' of a large source population and subsequent introduction would greatly increase adaptive potential and the pathogen's threat. Thus, EU wide biological security measures remain an important part of the strategy to manage this disease.
Simultaneous GCaMP6-based Fiber Photometry and fMRI in Rats
Authors: Liang Zhifeng , Ma Yuncong , Watson Glenn D.R. , Zhang Nanyin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between neural and vascular signals is essential for interpretation of functional MRI (fMRI) results with respect to underlying neuronal activity. Simultaneously measuring neural activity using electrophysiology with fMRI has been highly valuable in elucidating the neural basis of the blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) signal. However, this approach is also technically challenging due to the electromagnetic interference that is observed in electrophysiological recordings during MRI scanning. Recording optical correlates of neural activity, such as calcium signals, avoids this issue, and has opened a new avenue to simultaneously acquire neural and BOLD signals. The present study is the first to demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneously and repeatedly acquiring calcium and BOLD signals in animals using a genetically encoded calcium indicator, GCaMP6. This approach was validated with a visual stimulation experiment, during which robust increases of both calcium and BOLD signals in the superior colliculus were observed. In addition, repeated measurement in the same animal demonstrated reproducible calcium and BOLD responses to the same stimuli. Taken together, simultaneous GCaMP6-based fiber photometry and fMRI recording presents a novel, artifact-free approach to simultaneously measuring neural and fMRI signals. Furthermore, given the cell-type specificity of GCaMP6, this approach has the potential to mechanistically dissect the contributions of individual neuron populations with respect to BOLD signal, and ultimately reveal its underlying neural mechanisms.
An integrated genomic analysis of anaplastic meningioma identifies prognostic molecular signatures
Authors: Collord Grace , Tarpey Patrick , Kurbatova Natalja , Martincorena Inigo , Moran Sebastian , Castro Manuel , Nagy Tibor , Bignell Graham , Maura Francesco , Berna Jorge , Tubio Jose M. , McMurran Chris E. , Young Adam M.H. , Young Matthew D. , Noorani Imran , Price Stephen J , Watts Colin , Leipnitz Elke , Kirsch Matthias , Schackert Gabriele , Pearson Danita , Devadass Abel , Ram Zvi , Collins V. Peter , Allinson Kieren , Jenkinson Michael D. , Zakaria Rasheed , Syed Khaja , Hanemann C. Oliver , Dunn Jemma , McDermott Michael W. , Kirollos Ramez W , Vassiliou George S. , Esteller Manel , Behjati Sam , Brazma Alvis , Santarius Thomas , McDermott Ultan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAnaplastic meningioma is a rare and aggressive brain tumor characterised by intractable recurrences and dismal outcomes. Here, we present an integrated analysis of the whole genome, transcriptome and methylation profiles of primary and recurrent anaplastic meningioma. A key finding was the delineation of two distinct molecular subgroups that were associated with diametrically opposed survival outcomes. Relative to lower grade meningiomas, anaplastic tumors harbored frequent driver mutations in SWI/SNF complex genes, which were confined to the poor prognosis subgroup. Our analyses discern two biologically distinct variants of anaplastic meningioma with potential prognostic and therapeutic significance.
5FM: youth radio in the digital age
Authors: Abratt Russell , Cullinan Justine 
Published: June 2017

Subject area
The subject areas are marketing management and brand management.

Study level/applicability
The study is applicable to post-graduate brand management course and post-graduate marketing management course.

Case overview
In December 2015, Justine Cullinan, station manager of 5FM – a commercial, national music-radio station – reviewed the listenership and revenue figures for the year. When she took over as station manager in October 2014, 5FM had been through a three-year period of sharply declining listenership and revenue. Since then, by growing 5FM’s online community and adjusting the station’s overall strategy, the tide of decline had slowed. 5FM’s limited marketing budget prevented it from attracting listeners through traditional marketing avenues. Cullinan wondered how she could grow audiences and revenue and forge a new way for radio to benchmark success in a world where online communities were ever more important.

Expected learning outcomes
At the end of this case, students will understand the following concepts: brand awareness; brand promise; brand communication; and brand revitalisation strategies.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS: 8: Marketing
Cross-cultural differences in the entrepreneurial activity of men and women: a fuzzy-set approach
Authors: Crespo Nuno Fernandes 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The aim of this paper is threefold: to identify the combinations of national culture dimensions that lead to high (or low) entrepreneurial activity (EA) for men and women, to understand the role of economic development as a relevant condition that combines with national culture dimensions to achieve high (or low) male or female EA and to identify the differences between the configurations that lead to those outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
Using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and from the Hofstede Centre for 77 countries, this study uses a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore complex causal relations between national culture dimensions, the level of economic development (conditions) and the male and female EA (outcomes).

Findings
This research provides three major insights. First, it is not possible to talk about a single culture that promotes entrepreneurship, but instead in several entrepreneurial cultures. This is particularly interesting when distinguishing between genders, because there are configurations that are specific to one of the genders. Second, different levels of economic development (high/low) combine with national culture dimensions to produce different configurations that can lead to high EA. Third, differences found between the solutions for both genders are higher in the case of the configurations that lead to high EA than in the ones that lead to low EA.

Practical implications
These results are very important to governments and policy makers with the objective of stimulating the EA within their specific countries. When designing public policies to promote entrepreneurship, they should take into consideration the specific cultural context of the country. The cultural context of each country presents multiple dimensions; therefore, the design of public policies should not rely on single, occasional and unarticulated policies. There are countries where the cultural context only promotes EA for males or females. In those cases, the public policies should differentiate between men and women, to be equally effective.

Originality/value
By using a configurational approach, this study identifies several configurations of national culture dimensions and the level of economic development that lead to the same outcomes: high (or low) EA. Some of the configurations are specific to achieving only male or female EA (high or low).
Mental health staff views on improving burnout and mental toughness
Authors: Posner Zoe , Janssen Jessie , Roddam Hazel 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
Burnout in mental health staff is acknowledged as a major problem. The purpose of this paper is to gain an understanding of mental health staff views on improving burnout and mental toughness in mental health staff.

Design/methodology/approach
Ten participants from two mental health rehabilitation units across the north-west of England took part in a Nominal Group Technique. Participants consisted of mental health workers from varied roles in order to capture views from a multidisciplinary team. The main question posed to the staff was “What strategies and techniques do you think could help improve burnout and mental toughness in mental health staff”.

Findings
The study revealed that the top three ideas to take forward to help improve burnout and mental toughness in mental health staff were improving the culture/organisation, improving staff wellbeing and education. Additionally, staff were highly motivated and enthusiastic about engaging in discussion about what could be done to improve their wellbeing and the importance of taking this forward.

Originality/value
This study is unique in involving mental health staff in discussing their ways of improving their mental health. It is also unique as it has found the nine strategies to do this and these could be used in targeted training for mental health staff.
An integrative transformative service framework to improve engagement in a social service ecosystem: the case of He Waka Tapu
Authors: Hepi Maria , Foote Jeff , Finsterwalder Jörg , Moana-o-Hinerangi Moana-o-Hinerangi , Carswell Sue , Baker Virginia 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
This study aims to understand the engagement between an indigenous social service provider and marginalised clients deemed “hard-to-reach” to gain an insight into how to improve the client’s engagement and well-being through transformative value co-creation.

Design/methodology/approach
The exploratory study’s findings draw on primary data employing a qualitative research approach through document analysis and in-depth interviews with clients, social workers and stakeholders of the focal social service provider in New Zealand.

Findings
The findings indicate that there are inhibitors and enablers of value or well-being co-creation. The lack of client resources and a mismatch between client and social worker are primary barriers. Other actors as well as cultural practices are identified as enablers of well-being improvement.

Research limitations/implications
This research reports on a single social service provider and its clients. These findings may not be readily transferrable to other contexts.

Practical implications
Findings indicate that social service providers require a heightened awareness of the inhibitors and enablers of social service co-creation.

Social implications
Both the integrative framework and the findings provide a sound critique of the prevailing policy discourse surrounding the stigmatisation of members of society deemed “hard-to-reach” and the usefulness of such an approach when aiming at resolving social issues.

Originality/value
This is the first exploratory study that reports on the engagement between a social service provider and its clients in a dedicated Māori (indigenous) context by employing an integrative research approach combining transformative service research, activity theory and engagement theory.
When earwig mothers do not care to share: Parent–offspring competition and the evolution of family life
Authors: Kramer Jos , Körner Maximilian , Diehl Janina M. C. , Scheiner Christine , Yüksel‐Dadak Aytül , Christl Teresa , Kohlmeier Philip , Meunier Joël 
Published: June 2017

AbstractKin competition often reduces – and sometimes entirely negates – the benefits of cooperation among family members. Surprisingly, the impact of kin competition on the fitness effects of family life only received close scrutiny in studies on sibling rivalry, whereas the possibility of parent–offspring competition has attracted much less attention. As a consequence, it remains unclear whether and how parent–offspring competition could have affected the early evolution of parental care and family life.Here, we examined the occurrence and consequences of parent–offspring competition over food access in the European earwigForficula auricularia, an insect with facultative family life reminiscent of an ancestral state. Specifically, we (1) raised earwig offspring under food limitation either together with or without their mother, and (2) tested whether and how the — potentially competitive — weight gains of mothers and offspring during family life affected the offsprings' survival rate and morphology, and the future reproductive investment of their mother.In line with the occurrence of parent–offspring competition, we showed that high maternal weight gains during family life reduced the survival prospects of maternally tended offspring, while they increased the mothers' investment into the production of a second clutch (but not the body size of the surviving offspring). Conversely, high offspring weight gains generally increased the offsprings' survival, but did so to a larger extent when they were together with their mother. Intriguingly, mothers that had exhibited a low initial weight showed especially high weight gains.Overall, our results demonstrate that maternal presence under food restriction triggered a local competition between mothers and their offspring. This competition limited offspring survival, but allowed mothers to increase their investment into future reproduction and/or to maintain their current body condition. On a general level, our findings reveal that parent–offspring competition can counteract the benefits of (facultative) parental care, and may thus impede the evolution of family life in resource‐poor environments.Aplain language summaryis available for this article.
Liberalization Outcomes and Competitive Behaviour in an Emerging Insurance Market
Authors: Alhassan Abdul Latif , Biekpe Nicholas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe liberalization of financial services industry has generally been associated with the creation of large firms, increased foreign presence and the ability to diversify into a broad range of activities. In this paper, we examine the effect of these outcomes on competitive behaviour in the non‐life insurance market in South Africa. Using annual data on 79 non‐life insurers, we employ the Panzar–Rosse model to estimate the H‐statistics competitive index for samples of large versus small insurers, domestic‐owned versus foreign‐owned insurers and single versus multi‐line insurers. Overall, our findings reveal that non‐life insurers in South Africa conduct their pricing under conditions of monopolistic competition. The sub‐market estimates of the H‐statistics indicate that the activities of small, foreign‐owned and single‐line insurers improve competitive behaviour in the market. This suggests that while liberalization outcome in increased foreign presence improves competition, the creation of large firms from consolidation reduces competitive pressures in the non‐life market. The results are robust to both static and dynamic specification of the Panzar–Rosse Model.
Financial Inclusion and the Role of Women in Nigeria
Authors: Ogunleye Toyin Segun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe study tests the assertion that greater lending to microfinance female clients leads to an improvement in repayment rate. The study uses unbalanced panel data framework of 752 microfinance banks (MFBs) in Nigeria during the period 2011 to 2014. Findings from the regressions confirm a positive impact of female inclusion on loan repayment rate. A higher proportion of female clients is associated with a greater repayment rate and with fewer loan provisions. The study recommends that microfinance banks should target specifically women clients in Nigeria, as greater lending to them will improve outreach to the poor.
The Impact of Oil Price on South African GDP Growth: A Bayesian Markov Switching‐VAR Analysis
Authors: Balcilar Mehmet , van Eyden Reneé , Uwilingiye Josine , Gupta Rangan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOne characteristic of many macroeconomic and financial time series is their asymmetric behaviour during different phases of a business cycle. Oil price shocks have been amongst those economic variables that have been identified in theoretical and empirical literature to predict phases of business cycles. However, the role of oil price shocks to determine business cycle fluctuations has received less attention in emerging and developing economies. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of oil price shocks in predicting phases of the South African business cycle associated with higher and lower growth regimes. By adopting a regime dependent analysis, we investigate the impact of oil price shocks under two phases of the business cycle, namely high and low growth regimes. As a net importer of oil, South Africa is expected to be vulnerable to oil price shocks irrespective of the phase of the business cycle. Using a Bayesian Markov switching vector autoregressive (MS‐VAR) model and data for the period 1960Q2 to 2013Q3, we found the oil price to have predictive content for real output growth under the low growth regime. The results also show the low growth state to be shorter‐lived compared to the higher growth state.
Consumer Perspectives on Access to Direct‐to‐Consumer Genetic Testing: Role of Demographic Factors and the Testing Experience
Authors: GOLLUST SARAH E. , GRAY STACY W. , CARERE DEANNA ALEXIS , KOENIG BARBARA A. , LEHMANN LISA SOLEYMANI , McGUIRE AMY L. , SHARP RICHARD R. , SPECTOR‐BAGDADY KAYTE , WANG NA , GREEN ROBERT C. , ROBERTS J. SCOTT ,   for the PGen Study Group
Published: June 2017

Policy Points:
The policy context of direct‐to‐consumer personal genomic testing (DTC‐PGT) has been evolving over the last decade, with little empirical data available about consumers’ perspectives.
A majority of consumers of DTC‐PGT supported expanded access to services and their integration into the medical context and opposed more governmental regulation.
Consumers’ attitudes about access to services and regulation did not vary based on the specific genetic risk information they received from companies, but may vary based on whether consumers perceived their DTC experience negatively.
ContextWhile policymakers have been considering the appropriateness of direct‐to‐consumer personal genomic testing (DTC‐PGT) for more than a decade, there is little empirical data on consumers’ views regarding the regulation of these products. No research has assessed whether consumers’ personal experience with testing is related to their views about access to and regulation of DTC tests.MethodsData were analyzed from the PGen Study, a longitudinal prospective cohort of DTC‐PGT customers of 23andMe (n = 564) and Pathway Genomics (n = 377; total N = 941). Consumers were sent an electronic survey before receiving genetic test results and again 6 months after receipt of results.FindingsAt the 6‐month follow‐up, more than 80% of participants believed that people have a right to access genetic information directly, that parents should be able to get DTC‐PGT testing for their children, and that genetic information should be kept private. Participants supported health insurance coverage of PGT (60%), wider availability of PGT (68%), and inclusion of genetic information in medical records (63%). Participants were less supportive of government regulation (28%) and restricting testing to clinical settings (14%). Conservative political ideology was associated with less support for government regulation (P < 0.001), as was feeling more confident in one's genetic knowledge (P < 0.05). Participants’ level of computed genetic risk for common diseases, as indicated by their actual test results received from companies, showed no relationship with attitudes. However, those who perceived that they had received elevated risk results expressed lower support for expanded availability and incorporation of PGT into health care (P < 0.01). Those who reported being upset by their genetic test results were less likely to endorse access to DTC products without a medical professional (P < 0.01).ConclusionsPGT consumers supported expanded access to these services and opposed additional regulation. Users who had a negative personal experience with PGT testing were less supportive of expanded availability without a medical professional.