bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROBO1 polymorphisms, callosal connectivity, and reading skills
Authors: Sun Xiaochen , Song Shuang , Liang Xinyu , Xie Yachao , Zhao Chenxi , Zhang Yuping , Shu Hua , Gong Gaolang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe genetic effects on specific behavioral phenotypes are putatively mediated by specific neural functions. It remains unexplored how the axon‐guidance‐receptor gene ROBO1 influences reading performance through the neural system despite the identification of ROBO1 as a susceptibility gene for dyslexia. To address this issue, the present study recruited a group of children with a wide range of reading abilities. Two previously identified reading‐related ROBO1 polymorphisms were genotyped, and diffusion and structural MRI were acquired to measure the fiber microstructure of the corpus callosum (CC), the major white‐matter tract that connects inter‐hemispheric cortical regions. The results confirmed the significant influence of the ROBO1 polymorphisms on reading scores. The fiber microstructures of the midline‐CC segments around the genu and splenium were also affected by the ROBO1 polymorphisms. Moreover, a mediation analysis further revealed that the genu could significantly mediate the effects of the ROBO1 polymorphisms on word‐list reading performance, which suggests a ROBO1‐to‐genu‐to‐reading pathway. The genu‐linked cortical morphology, however, was not associated with either the ROBO1 polymorphisms or reading performance. These findings offer direct evidence supporting ROBO1‐callosum association in humans and also provide valuable insight into the functions of ROBO1 and the gene‐to‐brain mechanisms that underlie human reading. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2616–2626, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and characterization of 45S5 bioactive glass‐based scaffolds loaded with PHBV microspheres with daidzein release function
Authors: Macías‐Andrés Víctor I. , Li Wei , Aguilar‐Reyes Ena A. , Ding Yaping , Roether Judith A. , Harhaus Leila , León‐Patiño Carlos A. , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microsphere loaded 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) based scaffolds with drug releasing capability have been developed. PHBV microspheres with a mean particle size 4 ± 2 μm loaded with daidzein were obtained by oil‐in‐water single emulsion solvent evaporation method and applied to the surface of BG scaffolds by dip coating technique. The morphology, in vitro bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF), mechanical properties and drug release kinetics of microsphere loaded scaffolds were studied. The microspheres were shown to be homogeneously dispersed on the scaffold surfaces. It was confirmed that hydroxyapatite crystals homogeneously grew not only on the surface of the scaffold but also on the surface of the microspheres within 3 days of immersion in SBF. The daidzein release from the microsphere loaded scaffolds lasted almost 1 month and was determined to be diffusion controlled. The microsphere loaded BG scaffolds with daidzein releasing capability obtained in this study are a candidate for bone tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1765–1774, 2017.
An engineered macroencapsulation membrane releasing FTY720 to precondition pancreatic islet transplantation
Authors: Bowers Daniel T. , Olingy Claire E. , Chhabra Preeti , Langman Linda , Merrill Parker H. , Linhart Ritu S. , Tanes Michael L. , Lin Dan , Brayman Kenneth L. , Botchwey Edward A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMacroencapsulation is a powerful approach to increase the efficiency of extrahepatic pancreatic islet transplant. FTY720, a small molecule that activates signaling through sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptors, is immunomodulatory and pro‐angiogenic upon sustained delivery from biomaterials. While FTY720 (fingolimod, Gilenya) has been explored for organ transplantation, in the present work the effect of locally released FTY720 from novel nanofiber‐based macroencapsulation membranes is explored for islet transplantation. We screened islet viability during culture with FTY720 and various biodegradable polymers. Islet viability is significantly reduced by the addition of high doses (≥500 ng/mL) of soluble FTY720. Among the polymers screened, islets have the highest viability when cultured with poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). Therefore, PHBV was blended with polycaprolactone (PCL) for mechanical stability and electrospun into nanofibers. Islets had no detectable function ex vivo following 5 days or 12 h of subcutaneous implantation within our engineered device. Subsequently, we explored a preconditioning scheme in which islets are transplanted 2 weeks after FTY720‐loaded nanofibers are implanted. This allows FTY720 to orchestrate a local regenerative milieu while preventing premature transplantation into avascular sites that contain high concentrations of FTY720. These results provide a foundation and motivation for further investigation into the use of FTY720 in preconditioning sites for efficacious islet transplantation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 555–568, 2018.
Clinical Features of 24 Patients With Rebound‐Associated Vertebral Fractures After Denosumab Discontinuation: Systematic Review and Additional Cases
Authors: Anastasilakis Athanasios D , Polyzos Stergios A , Makras Polyzois , Aubry‐Rozier Berengere , Kaouri Stella , Lamy Olivier 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTWe aimed to study the clinical and imaging characteristics of patients sustaining vertebral fractures after denosumab discontinuation. For this purpose, we conducted a computerized advanced literature search that identified 13 published cases, and we additionally included another 11 new cases from our centers. Twenty‐four postmenopausal women with vertebral fracture(s) after denosumab discontinuation, experiencing 112 fractures in total, were analyzed. The mean number of fractures per patient was 4.7. The most commonly affected vertebrae were T12 and L1. All fractures occurred 8 to 16 months after the last denosumab injection. Eighty‐three percent of the patients were treatment naïve, whereas 33% had prevalent vertebral fractures. Five (23%) patients were on concurrent aromatase inhibitor treatment. When patients were divided according to treatment duration with an arbitrary cut‐off of 2 years, those with ≤2 years of denosumab treatment had fewer fractures compared with those with >2 years (mean ± SEM fractures 3.2 ± 0.7 versus 5.2 ± 1.4, p = 0.055). Vertebroplasty was used in 5 patients, resulting in additional clinical vertebral fractures in all cases. We conclude that vertebral fracture(s) after denosumab discontinuation are in the majority of patients multiples, and they occur a few months after the effect of the last dose is depleted. Therefore, patients should not delay or omit denosumab doses. Fractures are typically osteoporotic, located at the lower thoracic and the upper lumbar spine. Vertebroplasty is an unsuccessful treatment strategy for such patients. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Extensive Remineralization of Large Pelvic Lytic Lesions Following Total Therapy Treatment in Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Mohan Meera , Samant Rohan S , Yoon Donghoon , Buros Amy F , Branca Antonio , Montgomery Corey O , Nicholas Richard , Suva Larry J , Morello Roy , Thanendrarajan Sharmilan , Schinke Carolina , Yaccoby Shmuel , van Rhee Frits , Davies Faith E , Morgan Gareth J , Zangari Maurizio 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTOsteolytic bone lesions are a hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease. Bone destruction is associated with severely imbalanced bone remodeling, secondary to increased osteoclastogenesis and significant osteoblast suppression. Lytic lesions of the pelvis are relatively common in MM patients and are known to contribute to the increased morbidity because of the high risk of fracture, which frequently demands extensive surgical intervention. After observing unexpected radiological improvement in serial large pelvic CT assessment in a patient treated in a total therapy protocol, the radiographic changes of pelvic osteolytic lesions by PET/CT scanning in patients who received Total Therapy 4 (TT4) treatment for myeloma were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty‐two (62) patients with lytic pelvic lesions >1 cm in diameter were identified at baseline PET/CT scanning. Follow‐up CT studies showed that 27 of 62 patients (43%) with large baseline pelvic lesions achieved significant reaccumulation of radiodense mineralization at the lytic cortical site. The average size of lytic lesions in which remineralization occurred was 4 cm (range, 1.3 to 10 cm). This study clearly demonstrates that mineral deposition in large pelvic lesions occurs in a significant proportion of MM patients treated with TT4, potentially affecting patient outcomes, quality of life, and future treatment strategies. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Meeting radiation therapy patients informational needs through educational videos augmented by 3D visualisation software
Authors: Williams Katelyn , Blencowe Jenna , Ind Melissa , Willis David 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionMisconceptions and uncertainties about radiotherapy compound the anxiety patients experience at the commencement of treatment. This project investigated the utility of locally produced treatment process videos in meeting patients’ informational needs.MethodsIn‐house video production was conducted on a voluntary basis by staff and patients at a regional Australian radiotherapy centre. Videos included real footage and animated sections created with PEARLTM 3D visualisation software (Vertual Ltd, UK) to meet specific key content objectives. Quantitative cross sectional analysis was conducted. Patients attending for simulation watched a relevant video. After their first fraction of radiotherapy they were asked to complete an ethics‐reviewed questionnaire about how well the video addressed their information needs.ResultsThe survey completion rate was 29% (n = 61/212). Surveys were collected over 9 months from August 2014 to April 2015. Statistical analysis found 98% of patients reported that the video was useful in meeting one or more of the learning objectives. Forty‐nine percent of patients also reported a reduction in fear and anxiety as a result of watching the video. Patients reported subsequent review of videos at home (39%), primarily to explain treatment processes to loved ones (46%).ConclusionThe combination of real footage and 3D visualisation software assisted in meeting learning objectives regarding the treatment process. Standardised videos provided consistency of information provision to patients and facilitated multiple viewings of the video if desired.
A novel in silico method to quantify primary stability of screws in trabecular bone
Authors: Steiner Juri A. , Christen Patrik , Affentranger Remo , Ferguson Stephen J. , van Lenthe Gerrit Harry 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTInsufficient primary stability of screws in bone leads to screw loosening and failure. Unlike conventional continuum finite‐element models, micro‐CT based finite‐element analysis (micro‐FE) is capable of capturing the patient‐specific bone micro‐architecture, providing accurate estimates of bone stiffness. However, such in silico models for screws in bone highly overestimate the apparent stiffness. We hypothesized that a more accurate prediction of primary implant stability of screws in bone is possible by considering insertion‐related bone damage. We assessed two different screw types and loading scenarios in 20 trabecular bone specimens extracted from 12 cadaveric human femoral heads (N = 5 for each case). In the micro‐FE model, we predicted specimen‐specific Young's moduli of the peri‐implant bone damage region based on morphometric parameters such that the apparent stiffness of each in silico model matched the experimentally measured stiffness of the corresponding in vitro specimen as closely as possible. The standard micro‐FE models assuming perfectly intact peri‐implant bone overestimated the stiffness by over 330%. The consideration of insertion related damaged peri‐implant bone corrected the mean absolute percentage error down to 11.4% for both loading scenarios and screw types. Cross‐validation revealed a mean absolute percentage error of 14.2%. We present the validation of a novel micro‐FE modeling technique to quantify the apparent stiffness of screws in trabecular bone. While the standard micro‐FE model overestimated the bone‐implant stiffness, the consideration of insertion‐related bone damage was crucial for an accurate stiffness prediction. This approach provides an important step toward more accurate specimen‐specific micro‐FE models. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2415–2424, 2017.
Genotype‐by‐environment effect on bioactive compounds in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)
Authors: Palmieri Luisa , Masuero Domenico , Martinatti Paolo , Baratto Giuseppe , Martens Stefan , Vrhovsek Urska 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe assessment of the relative contribution of genotype, environment and the genotype‐by‐environmental (G × E) interaction to the performance of varieties is necessary when determining adaptation capacity.RESULTSThe influence of temperature, ultraviolet (UV)‐irradiation and sunshine duration on the quality and the composition of fruits was investigated in nine strawberry cultivars grown at three different altitudes. The UV‐radiation intensity affected both pH and sugar content, which were higher for most of the varieties at low altitudes, whereas total titratable acidity was less. Fruits from plants grown at low elevation generally had a higher benzoic acid derivative content. A significant correlation was found between phenylpropanoid content and UV‐radiation and sunshine duration. The flavone class appeared to be affected most by the variety effect, in contrast to flavonols and ellagitannins, which were highly affected by the environment. The accumulation of a number of secondary metabolites in strawberry fruits grown in an unusual environmental condition highlighted the acclimation effects in terms of the response of plants to abiotic stress. Finally, the genetic factor only appears to be more influential for the varieties ‘Sveva’ and ‘Marmolada’ with respect to all of the parameters considered.CONCLUSIONA ‘plant environmental metabolomics’ approach has been used successfully to assess the phenotypic plasticity of varieties that showed different magnitudes with respect to the relationship between environmental conditions and the accumulation of healthy compounds. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Vestibulotoxicity of Ethacrynic Acid
Authors: Mathog Robert H. 
Published: February 2017

Temporary or permanent vestibulo‐auditory disability may develop after the administration of the diuretic, ethacrynic acid. A transient loss of hearIng is well documented in the literature; yet, it is suspected that permanent deafness requires the interaction of aminoglycoside agents, other ototoxic drugs, or at least renal failure. A review of earlier experiments shows that the drug affects sodium‐potassium relationships, the stria vascularis and possibly the viability of the organ of Corti.Since fluids and morphologic structures within the vestibular system are similar to those in the auditory system, it would be expected that ethacrynic acid would cause similar damage in both areas of the ear. This hypothesis was tested by a series of experiments designed to determine drug‐induced changes in the vestibulo‐ocular reflex of the cat. Evaluation of the data demonstrated that ethacrynic acid, in dosages at or greater than 20 mg./kg., produced an immediate depression in the cochlear response. Although larger dosages of the drug caused a more severe depression, all responses returned to normal within 30 minutes. Evaluation at two days revealed no permanent alterations. The optokinetic‐induced eye displacement and symmetry were stable, and habituation from repetitive caloric stimulations was not affected by the administration of the drug.The experiments demonstrated that ethacrynic acid was toxic to the vestibular system which again reinforced the precautions that should be taken in the administration of the diuretic to the patient. The transient nature of the vestibular depression suggested the possibility of applyIng this diuretic, or similar drugs, to the control of vestibular symptoms.
Old and New in MÉniÈre Disease
Authors: Torok Nicholas 
Published: February 2017

The clinical experience is increasing, but still there is no uniform understanding in the substrate of Ménière's disease. The criteria of the diagnosis is loose and great controversy exists in the therapeutic efforts. A bewildering number of concepts and methods have been suggested and praised as the best answers in solving the problem until the next claim of success shatters the popularity of earlier allegations. The array of articles in the world literature for the past 25 years treats the entity of Ménière's disease in general and from the viewpoint of etiology, pathology, histology, clinical diagnosis and treatment.This review is concerned primarily with the treatment aspect of the literature. All the published ideas, regimens and techniques have one significant feature in common. They all claim success but not in 100% of the cases. Recovery varies from about 60% to 80%. Those cases considered “improved” are 20% to 30% and the rate of failure is between 10% and 25%. The diagnostic tools and capabilities have improved considerably. For treatment, except for reasonable medical or surgical palliation, nothing more can be offered than was offered a half century ago.
Carcinoma Of The Pyriform Sinus A Comparison Of Treatment Modalities
Authors: Eisbach Karl J. , Krause CHarles J. 
Published: February 2017

One hundred four patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the pyriform fossa were reviewed retrospectively. Survival, local recurrence and metastatic rates were all compiled for the purpose of comparing the efficacy of combined therapy with radiation therapy and surgery alone in treating such lesions. Combined therapy consisted of 4500 rad Cobalt60 therapy at 200 rads per day preoperatively. All lesions were staged according to AJC classification. There was a similar stage distribution of patients in each therapeutic category.Three‐year determinate survival rates were as follows: radiation therapy—10%, surgery—56%, and combined therapy—40%. Evaluation of the local recurrence rate revealed it to be: radiation threapy—19/33 (58%), surgery—1/19 (5%), and combined therapy—9/32 (28%). We interpret this data to suggest that preoperative irradiation impaired the determination of adequate resection margins, despite the use of frozen sections from those margins at the time of surgery. The incidence of late contralateral palpable nodes was greatest in the surgery group—5/19 (26%), compared with radiation therapy—0/33, and combined therapy—1/32 (3%) . This supports other studies which indicate that radiation therapy is very effective in controlling subclinical nodal metastases.
A Technique of Nasolabioplasty
Authors: Rafaty F. Mark , Cochran John 
Published: February 2017

There are several techniques available for the improvement of the deep nasolabial folds. The standard face‐lift operation is the most acceptable and popular technique as it leaves no scars on the face.Occasionally, the aesthetic surgeon encounters patients who, because of economic or health reasons, cannot undergo the face‐lift operation. They may also be too old to want a full face‐lift. In these individuals, a nasolabioplasty has been found very useful. The operation may also be used as an adjunct to rhytidectomy in patients with persistent sagging of the cheeks and deep nasolabial folds after a face‐lift operation.Two incisions are placed on each side; one precisely on the nasolabial groove and the other lateral to the groove. The amount of skin outlined between the two incisions is proportional to the degree of pull desired. The island of skin between the incisions is not removed. Instead, it is deepithelialized, rolled on itself into a tube and left in situ under the nasolabial fold to minimize recurrent deepening with time.Other techniques of nasolabioplasty are reviewed. The results of the operation in 14 patients are analyzed, and complications are discussed.
The Masseter Muscle Flap
Authors: Conley John , Gullane Patrick J. 
Published: February 2017

This little‐used muscle flap has four significant applications in radical ablation about the palate, pharynx, and mesopharynx that include the ascending ramus of the mandible, a portion of the tongue and lateral neck, and in radical operations on the parotid gland causing a facial paralysis:11. It assists in the rehabilitation of the act of swallowing when it is sutured to the lateral hyoid arch, thus elevating the thyrohyoid complex and reinforcing this portion of the upper lateral neck.2. This flap may be transposed over the upper portion of the internal carotid artery to provide protection for this vital structure.3. This flap may be transposed into the internal nasopharynx and then dressed with a free split thickness skin graft to close this wound and to augment the nasopharynx, with improvement in speech and swallowing.4. In facial paralysis it can be used to restore facial movement around the oral commissure and melolabial folds, thus improving appearance in repose and animation.
Reconstruction of Laryngeal Function for Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis: Historical View, Advancement of Latest Investigations and a Preliminary Experiment
Authors: Sato Fumihiko , Ogura Joseph H. 
Published: February 2017

Historical investigations of the functional restoration for recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis are reviewed and some advancement in recent studies are introduced.A preliminary experiment is reported in which the ansa hypoglossi and the sternothyroid muscle pedicle was implanted into the denervated posterior cricoarytenoid muscle in dogs. From these experiments we have concluded that the ansa hypoglossi and sternothyroid muscle pedicle, which has been shown to transmit efferent inspiratory bursts, is capable of restoring function to the paralyzed posterior cricoarytenoid muscle in some dogs.
Functional Restoration for Recurrent Laryngeal Paralysis: An Experimental Study
Authors: Sato Fumihiko , Ogura Joseph H. 
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this investigation was to exclude abductor disturbance and to maintain phonation during recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis through a new surgical design. This new method consists of implantation of the ansa hypoglossi and sternothyroid muscle pedicle which has been shown to provide sufficient abductor function in a recent publication, and the selective severance of the abductor branch after neurorrhaphy of the recurrent laryngeal which is shown to be a sufficient adductor function in another study.The recovery of sufficient abductor function during inspiration and dyspnea was 67% and 89% of adductor function with phonation. However, after cutting an adductor nerve branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in cases of insufficient abduction, the vocal cord on the operated‐on side regained abduction during inspiration.The effect of the ansa hypoglossi and sternothyroid muscle pedicle is also discussed.