bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compositional heterogeneity and outgroup choice influence the internal phylogeny of the ants
Authors: Borowiec Marek L. , Rabeling Christian , Brady Seán G. , Fisher Brian L. , Schultz Ted R. , Ward Philip S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractKnowledge of the internal phylogeny and evolutionary history of ants (Formicidae), the world’s most species-rich clade of eusocial organisms, has dramatically improved since the advent of molecular phylogenetics. A number of relationships at the subfamily level, however, remain uncertain. Key unresolved issues include placement of the root of the ant tree of life and the relationships among the so-called poneroid subfamilies. Here we assemble a new data set to attempt a resolution of these two problems and carry out divergence dating, focusing on the age of the root node of crown Formicidae. For the phylogenetic analyses we included data from 110 ant species, including the key speciesMartialis heureka. We focused taxon sampling on non-formicoid lineages of ants to gain insight about deep nodes in the ant phylogeny. For divergence dating we retained a subset of 62 extant taxa and 42 fossils in order to approximate diversified sampling in the context of the fossilized birth-death process. We sequenced 11 nuclear gene fragments for a total of ~7.5 kb and investigated the DNA sequence data for the presence of among-taxon compositional heterogeneity, a property known to mislead phylogenetic inference, and for its potential to affect the rooting of the ant phylogeny. We found sequences of the Leptanillinae and several outgroup taxa to be rich in adenine and thymine (51% average AT content) compared to the remaining ants (45% average). To investigate whether this heterogeneity could bias phylogenetic inference we performed outgroup removal experiments, analysis of compositionally homogeneous sites, and a simulation study. We found that compositional heterogeneity indeed appears to affect the placement of the root of the ant tree but has limited impact on more recent nodes. We put forward a novel hypothesis regarding the rooting of the ant phylogeny, in whichMartialisand the Leptanillinae together constitute a clade that is sister to all other ants. After correcting for compositional heterogeneity this emerges as the best-supported hypothesis of relationships at deep nodes in the ant tree. The results of our divergence dating under the fossilized birth-death process and diversified sampling suggest that the crown Formicidae originated during the Albian or Aptian ages of the Lower Cretaceous (103–124 Ma). In addition, we found support for monophyletic poneroids comprising the subfamilies Agroecomyrmecinae, Amblyoponinae, Apomyrminae, Paraponerinae, Ponerinae, and Proceratiinae, and well-supported relationships among these subfamilies except for the placement of Proceratiinae and (Amblyoponinae + Apomyrminae). Our phylogeny also highlights the non-monophyly of several ant genera, includingProtanillaandLeptanillain the Leptanillinae,Proceratiumin the Proceratiinae, andCryptopone,Euponera, andMesoponerawithin the Ponerinae.
Genome size and the extinction of small populations
Authors: LaBar Thomas , Adami Christoph 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlthough extinction is ubiquitous throughout the history of life, insight into the factors that drive extinction events are often difficult to decipher. Most studies of extinction focus on inferring causal factors from past extinction events, but these studies are constrained by our inability to observe extinction events as they occur. Here, we use digital evolution to avoid these constraints and study “extinction in action”. We focus on the role of genome size in driving population extinction, as previous work both in comparative genomics and digital evolution has shown a correlation between genome size and extinction. We find that extinctions in small populations are caused by large genome size. This relationship between genome size and extinction is due to two genetic mechanisms that increase a population’s lethal mutational burden: large genome size leads to both an increased lethal mutation rate and an increased likelihood of stochastic reproduction errors and non-viability. We further show that this increased lethal mutational burden is directly due to genome expansions, as opposed to subsequent adaptation after genome expansion. These findings suggest that large genome size can enhance the extinction likelihood of small populations and may inform which natural populations are at an increased risk of extinction.
Synthesis of N-substituted arylhydrazones: applying to polyester fabric as disperse dyes
Authors: Elassar Abdel-Zaher A. , Al-Mousawi Saleh M. , Helal Maher Helmi , Elgazzar Mohamed E. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to prepare new disperse dyes and apply for dying polyester fabrics.

Design/methodology/approach
The synthetic reaction was carried out through two steps: preparation of arylhydrazones and alkylation using enaminone and dimethylaminovinyl-pyridazine. The high temperature method was used to apply these dyes to polyester fibres.

Findings
The study revealed that there is a significant effect of the new prepared disperse dyes on polyester fabrics. The structures of the prepared dyes were established based on elemental analysis and spectral data (infra red (IR), mass spectrometry (MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), carbon 13th nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR)).

Research limitations/implications
Disperse dyes containing heterocyclic moiety have attracted great academic and industrial attention owing to their significant. The potential of using disperse dyes easily prepared from arylhydrazones are promise broad applications for these dyes.

Practical implications
The presence of N-thienyl and N-pyridazinyl in the structure of the synthesised disperse dyes would be expected to add the bioactivity advantage. Also, it can be used in formulating the antimicrobial fabrics.

Social implications
The N-thienyl and N-pyrdiazinyl derivatives of azo dyes are expected to be superior to in the application for fabrics. It may be useful for other applications like painting.

Originality/value
This paper helps to synthesise novel thiophene or pyridazine-based dyestuff for application in dying properties on polyester fabric and study their fastness properties.
Poverty reduction through enabling factors
Authors: Alam Khurshed 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the factors which are instrumental to poverty reduction opposed to many factors that are considered as impediments to poverty reduction in a poor country like Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is an outcome of review of literature covered wide range of issues including sectoral contribution to economic growth but none has exclusively dealt with the instrumental role of the poverty reduction factors, insider’s view, long-term observations (1960-2014), and reviews of secondary data.FindingsIn order to reduce poverty, rather than attempting to change the “culture of poverty,” remove the “structural trap,” or “kin system as poverty trap” it can be achieved through harnessing the enabling factors of poverty reduction. Study argues that rather than focusing on “barriers” to poverty reduction, a country needs to identify and focus on its “potential” factors of poverty reduction. The dominant enabling factors for Bangladesh were agricultural development and remittance. The utilization of land and labor could bring a transformation in the rural economy of Bangladesh which was essential to poverty reduction.Practical implicationsThe study shows that the individuals can escape poverty largely through their own effort where a proper policy support from the government is needed. The state needs to play the facilitating role rather than the instrumental in the case of poverty reduction.Originality/valueThe paper reveals instruments to poverty reduction where usual practice was to identify the barrier to development and to suggest the means of overcoming those barriers. It suggests how to look into the matter from other way round where instead of identifying the barrier attempt should be made to identify the enabling factors and to harness those enabling factors. The findings are based on the country-specific literatures but not generalized in the form as attempted here. The study shows a means of poverty reduction where country-specific strategy or home-grown model can be drawn out based on the identification of potential factors.
Transmission of Type 2 diabetes to sons and daughters: the D.E.S.I.R. cohort
Authors: Balkau B. , Roussel R. , Wagner S. , Tichet J. , Froguel P. , Fagherazzi G. , Bonnet F. ,   for the D.E.S.I.R. Study Group
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimsTo document the family transmission of Type 2 diabetes to men and women.MethodThe French D.E.S.I.R. cohort followed men and women over 9 years, with 3‐yearly testing for incident Type 2 diabetes. First‐ and/or second‐degree family histories of diabetes were available for 2187 men and 2282 women. Age‐adjusted hazard ratios were estimated for various family members and groupings of family members, as well as for a genetic diabetes risk score, based on 65 diabetes‐associated loci.ResultsOver 9 years, 136 men and 63 women had incident Type 2 diabetes. The hazard ratios for diabetes associated with having a first‐degree family member with diabetes (parents, siblings, children) differed between men [1.21 (95% CI 0.80, 1.85)] and women [3.02 (95% CI 1.83, 4.99); Pinteraction=0.006]. The genetic risk score was predictive of diabetes in both men and women, with similar hazard ratios 1.10 (95% CI 1.06, 1.15) and 1.08 (95% CI 1.02, 1.14) respectively, for each additional at‐risk allele. In women, the risk associated with having a family member with diabetes persisted after adjusting for the genetic score.ConclusionWomen with a family history of diabetes (paternal or maternal) were at risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and this risk was independent of a genetic score; in contrast, for men, there was no association. Diabetes screening and prevention may need to more specifically target women with diabetes in their family, but further studies are required as the number of people with diabetes in this study was small.
Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia in suicide attempters
Authors: Tsypes Aliona , James Kiera M. , Woody Mary L. , Feurer Cope , Kudinova Anastacia Y. , Gibb Brandon E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlthough suicide attempts (SA) occur across a broad range of diagnoses as well as in the absence of a diagnosable disorder, most studies to date have focused on them within a single, specific disorder. Consistent with the NIMH RDoC initiative to identify biobehavioral vulnerabilities that cut across diagnoses, the goal of the present study was to examine potential differences in resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) levels in a large, diagnostically heterogeneous sample of women with and without a history of SA who were matched on a broad range of demographic and clinical variables. Participants were 112 women with (n = 56) and without (n = 56) a history of SA recruited from the community. The two groups were equated on approximate age, race, household income, and lifetime histories of psychiatric diagnoses. Resting electrocardiogram was recorded during a 2‐min rest period. RSA was calculated via spectral power analyses with a fast Fourier transform. We found that women with a history of SA exhibited significantly lower resting RSA levels than women with no history of SA, and this difference was maintained even after statistically controlling for the potential influence of women's history of psychiatric diagnoses and their current symptoms of depression and anxiety. These findings suggest the presence of a link between resting RSA and SA history.
Notch Shapes the Innate Immunophenotype in Breast Cancer
Authors: Shen Qiang , Cohen Brenda , Zheng Weiyue , Rahbar Ramtin , Martin Bernard , Murakami Kiichi , Lamorte Sara , Thompson Patrycja , Berman Hal , Zúñiga-Pflücker Juan Carlos , Ohashi Pamela S. , Reedijk Michael 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Notch activation, which is associated with basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), normally directs tissue patterning, suggesting that it may shape the tumor microenvironment. Here, we show that Notch in tumor cells regulates the expression of two powerful proinflammatory cytokines, IL1β and CCL2, and the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Notch also regulates TGFβ-mediated activation of tumor cells by TAMs, closing a Notch-dependent paracrine signaling loop between these two cell types. We use a mouse model in which Notch can be regulated in spontaneous mammary carcinoma to confirm that IL1β and CCL2 production, and macrophage recruitment are Notch-dependent. In human disease, expression array analyses demonstrate a striking association between Notch activation, IL1β and CCL2 production, macrophage infiltration, and BLBC. These findings place Notch at the nexus of a vicious cycle of macrophage infiltration and amplified cytokine secretion and provide immunotherapeutic opportunities in BLBC.
Significance: BLBC is aggressive and has an unmet need for effective targeted treatment. Our data highlight immunotherapeutic opportunities in Notch-activated BLBC. Effective IL1β and CCL2 antagonists are currently in clinical review to treat benign inflammatory disease, and their transition to the cancer clinic could have a rapid impact. Cancer Discov; 7(11); 1320–35. ©2017 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1201
Prognostic Significance of Nonobstructive Left Main Coronary Artery Disease in Women Versus Men
Authors: Xie Joe X. , Eshtehardi Parham , Varghese Tina , Goyal Abhinav , Mehta Puja K. , Kang William , Leipsic Jonathon , ó Hartaigh Bríain , Bairey Merz C. Noel , Berman Daniel S. , Gransar Heidi , Budoff Matthew J. , Achenbach Stephan , Callister Tracy Q. , Marques Hugo , Rubinshtein Ronen , Al-Mallah Mouaz H. , Andreini Daniele , Pontone Gianluca , Cademartiri Filippo , Maffei Erica , Chinnaiyan Kavitha , Raff Gilbert , Hadamitzky Martin , Hausleiter Joerg , Feuchtner Gudrun , Kaufmann Philipp A. , Villines Todd C. , Chow Benjamin J.W. , Min James K. , Shaw Leslee J. 
Published: August 2017

Background—
Patients with obstructive (≥50% stenosis) left main (LM) coronary artery disease (CAD) are at high risk for adverse events; prior studies have also documented worse outcomes among women than men with severe multivessel/LM CAD. However, the prognostic significance of nonobstructive (1%–49% stenosis) LM CAD, including sex-specific differences, has not been previously examined.

Methods and Results—

In the long-term CONFIRM (Coronary CT Angiography Evaluation For Clinical Outcomes: An International Multicenter) registry, patients underwent elective coronary computed tomographic angiography for suspected CAD and were followed for 5 years. After excluding those with obstructive LM CAD, 5166 patients were categorized as having normal LM or nonobstructive LM (18% of cohort). Cumulative 5-year incidence of death, myocardial infarction, or revascularization was higher among patients with nonobstructive LM than normal LM in both women and men: women (34.3% versus 15.4%;
P
<0.0001); men (24.6% versus 18.2%;
P
<0.0001). A significant interaction existed between sex and LM status for the composite outcome (
P
=0.001). In multivariable Cox regression, the presence of nonobstructive LM plaque increased the risk for the composite outcome in women (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.48;
P
=0.005) but not in men (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.98,
P
=0.806). In subgroup analysis, women with nonobstructive LM CAD had a nearly 80% higher risk for events than men with nonobstructive LM CAD (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.78;
P
=0.017); sex-specific interactions were not observed across other patterns (eg, location or extent) of nonobstructive plaque.

Conclusion—
Nonobstructive LM CAD was frequently detected on coronary computed tomographic angiography and strongly associated with adverse events among women. Recognizing the sex-specific prognostic significance of nonobstructive LM plaque may augment risk stratification efforts.
Jemisimiham Jehu Appiah
Authors: Botchway De-Valera N.Y.M. 
Published: August 2017

In the Gold Coast, now Ghana, J.W.E. Appiah, a teacher-catechist, left the missionary-founded Methodist Church for opposing his Afrocentric healing and preaching activities and founded the Musama Disco Christo Church in the 1920s. He then took on the prophetic name Jemisimiham Jehu Appiah. He wrote his philosophies to validate an Afrocentric church in the indigenous Fante language. His Church, an African anti-colonialist/anti-colonial establishment, is alive; yet his untranslated writings have remained in obscurity. This study provides a biographical view of Appiah. It translates his writings and interrogates their inner logic as liberation theology that rationalised the salvaging of certain indigenous mores through Afrocentric Christianity to promote a Black Nationalist cultural awareness.
Canadian Schizophrenia Guidelines: Introduction and Guideline Development Process
Authors: Pringsheim Tamara , Addington Donald 
Published: August 2017

Introduction: The aim of the Canadian Schizophrenia Guidelines is to provide evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The target users are health care professionals. Recommendations are provided as guidance to physicians and patients, with the goal of improving the overall standard of care of individuals with schizophrenia. Methods: The guidelines were developed using the ADAPTE process, a systematic approach and alternative to de novo guideline development, in which an existing guideline is customised to suit the local context. We assembled a multidisciplinary team of experts, patients, and family carers from across Canada with the goal of involving individuals with diverse areas of expertise and offering different perspectives. Results: We identified 6 guidelines that were suitable for adaptation. Recommendations from each guideline were extracted and, based on content, were reviewed by the relevant working group. Each working group examined the evidence from which the recommendation was derived and the acceptability and applicability of the recommendation to the Canadian context. Working groups also made decisions on modifications to recommendations when language or terms differed between the source guideline and the Canadian context. Each working group presented selected recommendations to the guideline panel at an in-person consensus meeting. Once the consensus process was completed, each working group created a manuscript with the recommendations adapted from the included guidelines, with the rationale for each recommendation. Conclusions: The process yielded an up-to-date list of evidence-based recommendations that are relevant and applicable in Canada.
Providing a model for estimating the compressive strength of square and rectangular columns confined with a variety of fibre-reinforced polymer sheets
Authors: Moodi Yaser , Farahi Shahri Saeed , Mousavi Seyed Roohollah 
Published: August 2017

One of the most common ways of strengthening the columns is the confinement of the reinforced concrete columns. So far, several experiments have been conducted on concrete columns confined with fibre-reinforced polymer sheets and the results show that the use of fibre-reinforced polymer sheets increases the compressive strength of the concrete columns effectively. Different models in order to determine the compressive strength of the fibre-reinforced-polymer-confined concrete columns are provided in the previous researches. In this study, a wide range of experimental data for square and rectangular columns confined with a variety of fibre-reinforced polymer sheets has been collected. In order to increase the accuracy in the existing models, a modified model for predicting the compressive strength of square and rectangular columns confined with different fibre-reinforced sheets has been proposed by using the collected data. In the current study, the fibre-reinforced polymer strain efficiency factor and the section shape factor are composed and considered as a unique factor. Considering the fibre-reinforced polymer hoop strain concentration at the affected area including the corners area and the surrounding area of them, this factor has been adopted as a fibre-reinforced polymer averaged hoop strain factor for the whole circumference of the section. Based on the published experimental data, a comparison between the analytical results obtained with the present model and the results of the other models, shows considerably better results of the proposed model described in this study. Moreover, application of the proposed model for behaviour prediction of concrete-filled fibre-reinforced polymer tubes is evaluated in this study and the results show that the proposed model is more accurate than the other models.
Ultra-Wideband Massive MIMO Communications Using Multi-mode Antennas
Authors: Hoeher P. A. , Manteuffel D. , Doose N. , Peitzmeier N. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
An ultra-wideband system design is presented which supports wireless internet access and similar short-range applications with data rates of the order of 100 Gbps. Unlike concurrent work exploring the 60 GHz regime and beyond for this purpose, our focus is on the 6.0 –8.5 GHz frequency band. Hence, a bandwidth efficiency of about 50 bps/Hz is necessary. This sophisticated goal is targeted by employing two key enabling techniques: massive MIMO communications in conjunction with multi-mode antennas. This concept is suitable both for small-scale terminals like smartphones, as well as for powerful access points. Compared to millimeter wave and THz band communications, the 6.0 –8.5 GHz frequency band offers more robustness in NLOS scenarios and is more mature with respect to system components.
The Comparative Efficiency Analysis of EU Members Agriculture Sectors
Authors: Laurinavičius Eligijus , Rimkuvienė Daiva 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Production economics forms a very important part of an enormous range of economic theory. Agricultural production is no exception. When evaluating the competitiveness of the multifunctional agriculture, it is necessary to use the measure of efficiency instead of productivity. The conception of the efficiency is explained and the methods for measurement are provided. The authors discuss the methods of Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA), Free Disposal Hull (FDH) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) that are particularly useful for multi-criterial evaluation of multifunctional processes. Those methods assign an efficiency score to each Decision Making Unit (DMU) based on how well it transforms a given set of inputs into outputs. Most studies have only focused on application of DEA method for assesment of the efficiency of agriculture farms. There is still a need on applications for sectors. This paper provides an examination of the applicability of DEA method to agriculture sectors efficiency measurement. By applying mathematical models, which are based on the DEA, the efficiency of agriculture in each EU country was evaluated.