bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential mechanisms linking SIRT activity and hypoxic 2-hydroxyglutarate generation: no role for direct enzyme (de)acetylation
Authors: Nadtochiy Sergiy M. , Wang Yves T. , Zhang Jimmy , Nehrke Keith , Schafer Xenia , Welle Kevin , Ghaemmaghami Sina , Munger Josh , Brookes Paul S. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) is a hypoxic metabolite with potentially important epigenetic signaling roles. The mechanisms underlying 2-HG generation are poorly understood, but evidence suggests a potential regulatory role for the sirtuin family of lysine deacetylases. Thus, we hypothesized that the acetylation status of the major 2-HG-generating enzymes (isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) may govern their 2-HG generating activity.In-vitroacetylation of these enzymes, with confirmation by western blotting, mass spectrometry, and reversibility by incubation with recombinant sirtuins, yielded no effect on 2-HG generating activity. In addition, while elevated 2-HG in hypoxia is associated with the activation of lysine deacetylases, we found that mice lacking mitochondrial SIRT3 exhibited hyperacetylation and elevated 2-HG. These data suggest there is no direct link between enzyme acetylation and 2-HG production. Furthermore, our observed effects ofin-vitroacetylation on the canonical activities of IDH, MDH and LDH appeared to contrast sharply with previous findings wherein acetyl-mimetic lysine mutations resulted in inhibition of these enzymes. Overall these data suggest that a causal relationship should not be assumed, between acetylation of metabolic enzymes and their activities, canonical or otherwise.
Efficiency of genomic prediction of non-assessed single crosses
Authors: Viana José Marcelo Soriano , Pereira Helcio Duarte , Mundim Gabriel Borges , Piepho Hans-Peter , Silva Fabyano Fonseca e 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTAn important application of genomic selection in plant breeding is the prediction of untested single crosses (SCs). Most investigations on the prediction efficiency were based on tested SCs, using cross-validation. The main objective was to assess the prediction efficiency by correlating the predicted and true genotypic values of untested SCs (accuracy) and measuring the efficacy of identification of the best 300 untested SCs (coincidence), using simulated data. We assumed 10,000 SNPs, 400 QTLs, two groups of 70 selected DH lines, and 4,900 SCs. The heritabilities for the assessed SCs were 30, 60 and 100%. The scenarios included three sampling processes of DH lines, two sampling processes of SCs for testing, two SNP densities, DH lines from distinct and same populations, DH lines from populations with lower LD, two genetic models, three statistical models, and three statistical approaches. We derived a model for genomic prediction based on SNP average effects of substitution and dominance deviations. The prediction accuracy is not affected by the linkage phase. The prediction of untested SCs is very efficient. The accuracies and coincidences ranged from approximately 0.8 and 0.5, respectively, under low heritability, to 0.9 and 0.7, assuming high heritability. Additionally, we highlighted the relevance of the overall LD and evidenced that efficient prediction of untested SCs can be achieved for crops that show no heterotic pattern, for reduced training set size (10%), for SNP density of 1 cM, and for distinct sampling processes of DH lines, based on random choice of the SCs for testing.
Characterization of Beta Tubulin Isotypes During Foam Cell Formation
Authors: Torres A. , Contreras-Shannon V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFoam cells contribute to the development of a cardiovascular condition called atherosclerosis. They arise when monocytes become engorged and lipid-laden after exposure to native low-density lipoproteins (Falk, 2006). It is assumed that the cytoskeleton is responsible for the morphological changes observed during foam cell formation. Beta tubulin and alpha tubulin are proteins that dimerize and polymerize to form microtubules, which are an important component of the cytoskeleton (Joshi, 1998). Little is known regarding the changes in cytoskeletal composition, particularly that of beta tubulins, throughout foam cell induction. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the expression patterns of beta tubulin isotypes 1–4 in human THP-1 monocytes throughout foam cell formation and to determine what relationship exists between beta tubulin expression and foam cell lipid aggregation. Levels of beta tubulin 1–4 were measured by western blot and immunofluorescence throughout the stages of foam cell differentiation, and beta tubulin isotypes were manipulated by siRNA to determine the effects of diminished beta tubulin expression on foam cell formation. Regardless of isotype, beta tubulin was always present in the highest amounts in monocytes. Levels of beta tubulin-1 and -4 were significantly decreased in macrophage and foam cells relative to monocytes (p < 0.0079, p < 0.0208, respectively). Beta 3 levels also exhibited a decrease. Beta 2 levels remained low regardless of differentiation stage. The distribution of beta tubulin 1 was shown to be more spindle-like (stretching across cells), compared to beta tubulins 2, 3, and 4, which exhibited a more “clumped,” less interconnected arrangement. When expression of beta tubulin isotypes 1, 3, and 4 were reduced in monocytes, resulting foam cells appeared to have more lipid aggregates and were significantly larger (p<0.0001) when compared to the size of foam cells without siRNA following treatment with PMA + LDL. In conclusion, the distribution of beta tubulins 1, 3, and 4 changes throughout the stages of foam cell induction, and manipulation of beta tubulins altered foam cell formation. Unexpectedly, the silencing or decreasing of beta tubulin enhanced lipid aggregation. Information concerning how beta tubulin expression can effect foam cell formation may offer insight into how to reduce plaque formation in patients with atherosclerosis.
Translational repression of theDrosophila nanosmRNA involves the RNA helicase Belle and RNA coating by Me31B and Trailer hitch
Authors: Götze Michael , Dufourt Jérémy , Ihling Christian , Rammelt Christiane , Pierson Stéphanie , Sambrani Nagraj , Temme Claudia , Sinz Andrea , Simonelig Martine , Wahle Elmar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTranslational repression of maternal mRNAs is an essential regulatory mechanism during early embryonic development. Repression of theDrosophila nanosmRNA, required for the formation of the anterior-posterior body axis, depends on the protein Smaug binding to two Smaug recognition elements (SREs) in thenanos3’ UTR. In a comprehensive mass-spectrometric analysis of the SRE-dependent repressor complex, we identified Smaug, Cup, Me31B, Trailer hitch, eIF4E and PABPC, in agreement with earlier data. As a novel component, the RNA-dependent ATPase Belle (DDX3) was found, and its involvement in deadenylation and repression ofnanoswas confirmedin vivo. Smaug, Cup and Belle bound stoichiometrically to the SREs, independently of RNA length. Binding of Me31B and Tral was also SRE-dependent, but their amounts were proportional to the length of the RNA and equimolar to each other. We suggest that ‘coating’ of the RNA by a Me31B•Tral complex may be at the core of repression.
Genetic Identification of a Common Collagen Disease in Puerto Ricans via Identity-by-Descent Mapping in a Health System
Authors: Belbin G.M. , Odgis J. , Sorokin E.P. , Yee M-C. , Kohli S. , Glicksberg B.S. , Gignoux C.R. , Wojcik G.L. , Van Vleck T. , Jeff J.M. , Linderman M. , Schurmann C. , Ruderfer D. , Cai X. , Merkelson A. , Justice A.E. , Young K.L. , Graff M , North K.E. , Peter U. , James R. , Hindorff L. , Kornreich R. , Edelmann L. , Gottesman O. , Stahl E.E.A. , Cho J.H. , Loos R.J.F. , Bottinger E.P. , Nadkarni G.N. , Abul-Husn N. S. , Kenny E.E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAchieving confidence in the causality of a disease locus is a complex task that often requires supporting data from both statistical genetics and clinical genomics. Here we describe a combined approach to identify and characterize a genetic disorder that leverages distantly related patients in a health system and population-scale mapping. We utilize genomic data to uncover components of distant pedigrees, in the absence of recorded pedigree information, in the multi-ethnic BioMe biobank in New York City. By linking to medical records, we discover a locus associated with genetic relatedness that also underlies extreme short stature. We link the gene, COL27A1, with a little-known genetic disease, previously thought to be rare and recessive. We demonstrate that disease manifests in both heterozygotes and homozygotes, indicating a common collagen disorder impacting up to 2% of individuals of Puerto Rican ancestry, leading to a better understanding of the continuum of complex and Mendelian disease.
Inter-individual Recovery of the Microbiota and Metabolome Over Time Following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients with RecurrentClostridium difficileInfection
Authors: Seekatz Anna M. , Theriot Casey M. , Rao Krishna , Chang Yu-Ming , Freeman Alison E. , Kao John Y. , Young Vincent B. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTA significant proportion of individuals develop recurrentClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) following initial disease. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a highly effective treatment method for recurrent CDI, has been demonstrated to induce microbiota recovery, a critical component of disease recovery. However, identification of the specific microbes and their functions that directly impact recovery from CDI remains difficult. We assessed for associations among microbial community members and metabolites in patients with recurrent CDI following treatment with FMT over time to identify groups of bacteria with potential restorative functions. Using 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing, we observed marked similarity of the microbiota between recipients following FMT (n = 6, sampling up to 6 months post-FMT) and their respective donors. Increased levels of the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid and the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate, acetate, and propionate were observed post-FMT. To take into account longitudinal sampling and intra-individual differences, we applied a generalized estimating equation approach to model metabolite concentrations with the presence of specific members of the microbiota. Microbial metabolites that were increased following FMT associated with members classified within theLachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and unclassifiedClostridialesfamilies. In contrast, members of these taxa were inversely associated with primary bile acids. The longitudinal aspect of this study allowed us to characterize individualized patterns of recovery, revealing variability between and within patients following FMT.IMPORTANCEClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) is an urgent and serious healthcare-associated problem. In recent years, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been successfully used to treat recurrent CDI, a frequent outcome of disease. While it is apparent that FMT promotes recovery of the microbiota, it is unclear how microbes and their functions promote recovery from disease. This study aimed to identify associations among microbes and metabolites following FMT and to identify critical microbial functions following FMT treatment for recurrent CDI. Overall, recovery of the metabolome was highly dynamic and individualized in all patients, who were all successfully treated. Our results suggest that microbial changes following FMT may be highly specific to the donor-recipient relationship. Further understanding of the host-microbe environments necessary to enable successful transplantation of microbes during FMT could aid development of specific microbial therapeutics for recurrent CDI and other gastrointestinal diseases.
Distributed Rhythm Generators UnderlieCaenorhabditis elegansForward Locomotion
Authors: Fouad Anthony D. , Teng Shelly , Mark Julian R. , Liu Alice , Alvarez-Illera Pilar , Ji Hongfei , Du Angelica , Bhirgoo Priya D. , Cornblath Eli , Guan Asuka , Fang-Yen Christopher 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTCoordinated rhythmic movements are ubiquitous in animal behavior. In many organisms, chains of neural oscillators underlie the generation of these rhythms. InC. elegans, locomotor wave generation has been poorly understood; in particular, it is unclear where in the circuit rhythms are generated, and whether there exists more than one such generator. We used optogenetic and ablation experiments to probe the nature of rhythm generation in the locomotor circuit. We found that multiple sections of forward locomotor circuitry are capable of independently generating rhythms. By perturbing different components of the motor circuit, we localize the source of secondary rhythms to cholinergic motor neurons in the midbody. Using rhythmic optogenetic perturbation we demonstrate bidirectional entrainment of oscillations between different body regions. These results show that, as in many other vertebrates and invertebrates, theC. elegansmotor circuit contains multiple oscillators that coordinate activity to generate behavior.
Strategic challenges of outsourcing innovation in global market
Authors: Yeo ChangSeob , Saboori-Deilami Vafa 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to theoretically clarify under which circumstances MNCs should outsource the innovation function. In the globalization era, multinational companies (MNCs) face the challenge of making a strategic decision. They ought to adjudicate upon outsourcing the research and development, i.e. innovation function and bearing the risks of it, or keeping innovation function in house and paying the price of this decision. This decision becomes more crucial when the host country has dissimilar characteristic and high uncertainty compared to the home country.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is among the very first studies that evaluate the issue of outsourcing innovation for MNCs from a transaction cost economics (TCE) theoretical perspective. By setting forward propositions that serve as a guideline for conditions in which MNCs should outsource innovation, this paper contributes to innovation, new product development, global business and, last but not least, to the TCE literature. This study also provides managerial implications and avenues of future research for academicians.

Findings
This study shows that heterogeneity between the home and host country affects the autonomy of the innovation at the host country; this autonomy in turn leads to higher transaction cost, and finally, transaction cost is the main determinant of the decision on whether to outsource the innovation.

Originality/value
This study fills this gap by looking at the problem of outsourcing innovation from a TCE theoretical perspective and, based on an extensive literature review, puts forward a set of propositions that clarify under which circumstances MNCs should outsource the innovation function.
Entrepreneurship intention in agricultural sector of young generation in Indonesia
Authors: Ridha Rizki Novanda , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin , Wahyu Budi Priyatna 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss Indonesia as a country having a young generation resource crisis in agricultural sectors, and this crisis contributes more than 32.9 per cent higher unemployment than other sectors. Therefore, creative youths are needed to build the sector through entrepreneurship activities.

Design/methodology/approach
The low condition of youth entrepreneurship intention in agricultural sectors leading the Agriculture Ministry of Indonesia launches an Agricultural Young Entrepreneurship Growing Program 2016 (Program Penumbuhan Wirausaha Muda Pertanian, PWMP 2016). Intention in growing phase is critical to avoid the program failure.

Findings
This research was aimed to analyze entrepreneurship characteristics and factors affecting the intentions. The research was conducted in three cities, Bogor, Lampung and Bandung, with 189 respondents who accepted business support from the PWMP in 2016. The accumulated data were then analyzed using descriptive analysis and structural equation model. Respondents have highly average trends on behavior belief, normative belief, motivation to comply, control belief, control belief power and intention. While, only the evaluation of the consequence to give the medium trend is about 50.26 per cent.

Originality/value
Factor affects to the entrepreneurship intention in agricultural sectors is a subjective norm or external factor, and both the attitude toward behavior and perceived behavioral control factors do not affect entrepreneurship intention in the agricultural sector.
Environmental risk perception and its influence on well-being
Authors: Xu Ge , Feng Xiangnan , Li Yiwei , Chen Xiaohong , Jia Jianmin 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effects of environmental risk perception on the evaluation of socioeconomic development and subjective well-being in China.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was conducted, and data were collected from 408 participants of four major universities and government organizations in Changsha, China. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the collected data and to test the hypotheses with regard to the relationship among latent variables. Bayesian method was used as the statistical inference procedure.FindingsResults show that environmental risk perception has a direct negative influence on perceived socioeconomic development and on subjective total well-being (i.e. both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being). The perceived socioeconomic development has a direct positive effect on the subjective total well-being; thus, it plays a partial mediation role between environmental risk perception and subjective total well-being.Research limitations/implicationsFindings suggest that the environment protection act of the government and their contribution to socioeconomic development will significantly affect the total well-being of people. The empirical analysis is based on survey data; thus, this study may suffer the common problems of questionnaire survey.Social implicationsPromoting pro-environment and health behaviors is important in developing a happy society.Originality/valueThis study demonstrates a significant negative effect of environmental risk perception on the total well-being of people according to SEM approach. This study determines two independent paths for government and policy makers to increase the total well-being of people in China, namely, increasing socioeconomic value to people and controlling and reducing environmental threats.
Over, out, but present: recalling former sponsorships
Authors: Edeling Alexander , Hattula Stefan , Bornemann Torsten 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
This study aims at developing and testing a conceptual model that shows the antecedents of the recall of a former sponsorship.

Design/methodology/approach
Primary (n = 1,146) and secondary data from German professional soccer build the empirical base for this research. Multilevel logistic regression is used for data analysis.

Findings
The results show that retroactive interferences in the form of replacement sponsors for the same object reduce the recall of a former sponsorship, while the mere passage of time does not have a significant main effect. To counteract such forgetting, the empirical analysis shows that sponsor managers can influence recall of a former sponsorship positively after sponsorship termination by switching to a lower-level sponsorship for the same object or by engaging in subsequent sponsorships with other congruent objects in the same context.

Research limitations/implications
The focus on one type of sponsorship (sport sponsorship) in one country (Germany) is the main limitation of this research.

Practical implications
The findings of this paper should encourage managers to consider the long-term consequences of sponsorship engagements beyond the duration of the sponsorship contract. Managers can influence the recall of a sponsorship not only prior to and during an engagement, but also after the loss of sponsorship rights.

Originality/value
Previous research on former sponsorships has mainly focused on the phenomenon of former sponsor recall per se, without considering the determinants of the construct. This paper contributes to sponsorship literature by showing that the number of replacement sponsorships, a construct unique to the former sponsorship context, dominates the time since sponsorship ending as the main driver of forgetting. Moreover, it provides managers with new post-sponsorship strategies that help maintaining the recall of a former sponsorship at a high level.
Apprehension and interest
Authors: Linnane Esther , Warren Alison 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
Role-emerging placements have been used internationally within occupational therapy education but are relatively new to Ireland. At times, there has been a debate in the profession regarding the use of this placement model. This paper aims to generate views from both occupational therapists and occupational therapy students on the use of role-emerging placements in the Republic of Ireland.

Design/methodology/approach
Electronic surveys were administered to occupational therapy students and occupational therapists in Ireland. Quantitative data were analysed using the SPSS Statistics software package and the content of the open question responses were analysed into themes.

Findings
Occupational therapists (n = 60) and occupational therapy students (n = 45) indicated that there were inconsistent views surrounding role-emerging placements. It is deemed as an effective method for student learning, but apprehension exists around inclusion within occupational therapy programmes in the Republic of Ireland. Preference was indicated towards inclusion of role-emerging placements on a part-time basis within formal occupational therapy education.

Originality/value
Both respondent groups viewed that role-emerging placements can positively influence new areas of occupational therapy practice and concern over the use of the placement model requires further exploration and debate. This study is from an Irish context, although there are similarities with other countries’ use of the placement model. There is a need for research through an in-depth exploration of the learning experience of undertaking role-emerging placements from the students’ perspective and identification of supports required to promote an optimal learning experience.