bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Mars serpentinization‐derived CH4 reservoirs, H2‐induced warming and paleopressure evolution
Authors: Chassefière E. , Lasue J. , Langlais B. , Quesnel Y. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCH4 has been observed on Mars both by remote sensing and in situ during the past 15 yr. It could have been produced by early Mars serpentinization processes that could also explain the observed Martian remanent magnetic field. Assuming a cold early Mars, a cryosphere could trap such CH4 as clathrates in stable form at depth. The maximum storage capacity of such a clathrate cryosphere has been recently estimated to be 2 × 1019 to 2 × 1020 moles of methane. We estimate how large amounts of serpentinization‐derived CH4 stored in the cryosphere have been released into the atmosphere during the Noachian and the early Hesperian. Due to rapid clathrate dissociation and photochemical conversion of CH4 to H2, these episodes of massive CH4 release may have resulted in transient H2‐rich atmospheres, at typical levels of 10–20% in a background 1–2 bar CO2 atmosphere. The collision‐induced heating effect of H2 present in such an atmosphere has been shown to raise the surface temperature above the water freezing point. We show how local and rapid destabilization of the cryosphere can be induced by large events (such as the Hellas Basin or Tharsis bulge formation) and lead to such releases. Our results show that the early Mars cryosphere had a sufficient CH4 storage capacity to have maintained H2‐rich transient atmospheres during a total time period up to several million years or tens of million years, having potentially contributed to the formation of valley networks during the Noachian/early Hesperian.
The Ralstonia solanacearum type III effector RipAY targets plant redox regulators to suppress immune responses
Authors: Sang Yuying , Wang Yaru , Ni Hong , Cazalé Anne‐Claire , She Yi‐Min , Peeters Nemo , Macho Alberto P. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe subversion of plant cellular functions is essential for bacterial pathogens to proliferate in host plants and cause disease. Most bacterial plant pathogens employ a type III secretion system to inject type III effector (T3E) proteins inside plant cells, where they contribute to the pathogen‐induced alteration of plant physiology. In this work, we found that the Ralstonia solanacearum T3E RipAY suppresses plant immune responses triggered by bacterial elicitors and by the phytohormone salicylic acid. Further biochemical analysis indicated that RipAY associates in planta with thioredoxins from Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis. Interestingly, RipAY displays γ‐glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT) activity to degrade glutathione in plant cells, which is required for the reported suppression of immune responses. Given the importance of thioredoxins and glutathione as major redox regulators in eukaryotic cells, RipAY activity may constitute a novel and powerful virulence strategy employed by R. solanacearum to suppress immune responses and potentially alter general redox signalling in host cells.
Molecular identification of unusual Mycetoma agents isolated from patients in Venezuela
Authors: Rojas Olga C. , León‐Cachón Rafael B. R. , Moreno‐Treviño Maria , González Gloria M. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryMycetoma is a chronic granulomatous, subcutaneous disease endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. It is currently a health problem in rural areas of Africa, Asia and South America. Nine cases of mycetoma were analysed in a retrospective study. All isolates were identified by morphological features. The level of species identification was reached by molecular tools. Definitive identification of fungi was performed using sequence analysis of the ITS of the ribosomal DNA region and the ribosomal large‐subunit D1/D2. Identification of actinomycetes was accomplished by the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Six unusual clinical isolates were identified: Aspergillus ustus, Cyphellophora oxyspora, Exophiala oligosperma, Madurella pseudomycetomatis, Nocardia farcinica and Nocardia wallacei. The prevalence of mycetoma in Venezuela remains unknown. This study represents the first report in the literature of mycetoma caused by unusual pathogens identified by molecular techniques.
Legacies of Scholars, Scholarship, and Praxis from the International Association for Conflict Management: Celebrating a Lifetime of Achievements
Authors: Gross Michael A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis special issue of Negotiation and Conflict Management Research celebrates the scholarship and intellectual contributions of four recipients of the Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Association for Conflict Management (IACM). The IACM Lifetime Achievement Award recognizes important contributions over the span of a career, particularly to those colleagues who have spanned disciplinary boundaries in their scholarship. Each article in this special issue highlights the scholarly impact of a recipient, offers insights for building an academic career, and identifies directions for future research in negotiation and conflict management.
Revitalizing Conflict Research with a Communication Perspective: Celebrating and Learning from Linda Putnam's Contributions to the Study of Conflict
Authors: Paul Gregory D. , Geddes Deanna , Jones Tricia S. , Donohue William A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this tribute to the 2010 recipient of the International Association for Conflict Management Lifetime Achievement Award, we celebrate the scholarship of Linda Putnam. We highlight her transformational impact not only on conflict research, but also on those of us who have had the opportunity to work with her. Noting her multidisciplinary research and her advocacy for a communication perspective of conflict, we review four distinct contributions and their intersections with conflict research: the communication perspective of conflict, interaction analysis, the bona fide group perspective, and bounded emotionality. Underlying these contributions are cross‐disciplinary principles exemplified in Linda Putnam's research and career that serve to revitalize conflict research and inspire scholars. We conclude with her words of wisdom on the future of this field of research.
Tight control of nitrate acquisition in a plant species that evolved in an extremely phosphorus‐impoverished environment
Authors: Prodhan M. Asaduzzaman , Jost Ricarda , Watanabe Mutsumi , Hoefgen Rainer , Lambers Hans , Finnegan Patrick M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHakea prostrata (Proteaceae) has evolved in an extremely phosphorus (P)‐limited environment. This species exhibits an exceptionally low ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and low protein and nitrogen (N) concentration in its leaves. Little is known about the N requirement of this species and its link to P metabolism, despite this being the key to understanding how it functions with a minimal P budget. H. prostrata plants were grown with various N supplies. Metabolite and elemental analyses were performed to determine its N requirement. H. prostrata maintained its organ N content and concentration at a set point, independent of a 25‐fold difference nitrate supplies. This is in sharp contrast to plants that are typically studied, which take up and store excess nitrate. Plants grown without nitrate had lower leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations, indicating N deficiency. However, H. prostrata plants at low or high nitrate availability had the same photosynthetic pigment levels and hence were not physiologically compromised by the treatments. The tight control of nitrate acquisition in H. prostrata retains protein at a very low level, which results in a low demand for rRNA and P. We surmise that the constrained nitrate acquisition is an adaptation to severely P‐impoverished soils.
Neural responses to affective pictures while anticipating and perceiving respiratory threat
Authors: Juravle Georgiana , Reicherts Phillipp , Riechmann‐Weinstein Mirjam , Wieser Matthias J. , von Leupoldt Andreas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEmotional processes have an impact on the anticipation and perception of bodily threat sensations, such as breathlessness. However, little is known about the reverse influence of breathlessness on emotional processes, as well as its modulation by anxiety sensitivity (AS). Here, we investigated by means of visually evoked potentials how the perception versus anticipation of resistive‐load‐induced breathlessness (RLIB) influences emotional processing. High (HA) and low anxious (LA) participants viewed pictures of positive, neutral, or negative content under conditions of perceived RLIB, anticipated RLIB, or an unloaded baseline. The P2 (230–290 ms) was significantly less positive under perceived RLIB. Furthermore, the early late positive potential (LPP; 300–500 ms) was significantly less positive during both RLIB conditions, as compared to baseline. Overall, the P1 was significantly more positive in HA as compared to LA individuals. Additionally, across conditions, the late LPP (600–1,000 ms) was enhanced for positive and negative pictures as opposed to neutral ones for the LA group. In contrast, for the HA group only, the positive pictures elicited the typical enhanced LPP. Notably, for the HA participants, negative pictures elicited significantly blunted late LPPs during perceived RLIB as compared to anticipated RLIB and baseline. A reversed effect (i.e., more positivity) was observed for LA participants, suggesting motivational priming. Taken together, these results highlight the impact of perceived and anticipated respiratory threat on the neural processing of emotional picture stimuli, as well as its modulation by anxiety sensitivity levels.
Differential expression of ISG 15 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of nulliparous and multiparous pregnant versus non‐pregnant Bos indicus cattle
Authors: Soumya NP , Das DN , Jeyakumar S , Mondal S , Mor A , Mundhe UT 
Published: October 2016

ContentsEmbryonic mortality is found to be the main source of reproductive wastage in domestic ruminants. Many genes are involved in the growth and development of the embryo, and the interferon‐stimulated gene 15 (ISG 15) is one of the major gene stimulated by interferon tau, the maternal recognition of pregnancy signal in ruminants. In this study, both genomic and cDNA sequences of ISG 15 from Bos indicus (Deoni breed) were amplified and characterized. The genomic sequence of Deoni ISG 15 exhibited 99% identity with Bos taurus and 97% identity with that of Bos mutus and Bubalus bubalis. Moreover qRT‐PCR analysis revealed constitutive expression of the ISG 15 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Deoni heifers and multiparous cows during early pregnancy. Fourteen Deoni heifers and fifteen multiparous Deoni cows were synchronized for timed AI by CIDR‐Ovsynch protocol, and six animals were kept as cyclic control in each group. Blood samples were collected on days 7, 14, 16, 18, 21, 30 and 45 from the day of AI. Pregnancy was confirmed by plasma progesterone level through ELISA. A significantly higher expression of ISG 15 mRNA was found on day 16 (p < .05) and day 18 (p < .05) of pregnancy in nulliparous heifers. Although in multiparous Deoni cows ISG 15 expression was greater in pregnant cows, difference was statistically non‐significant. The result of this study indicates that ISG 15 gene expression is upregulated during 16–18 days of pregnancy and could be used as an early pregnancy marker in dairy cows especially in heifers.
Hemodialysis Time and Kt/V: Less May Be Better
Authors: Tattersall James 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCurrent guidelines focus on conventional dialysis defined as 3–5 hours, three times per week, and suggest that longer or more frequent dialysis be considered. This paper presents the case for considering that shorter or less frequent dialysis should also be considered. More frequent and/or longer dialysis facilitates control of fluid overload, blood pressure, and phosphate levels. These benefits will require time to translate into probable hard outcome improvement. Patients are unlikely to participate in productive or pleasurable activities while undergoing dialysis in center or traveling to treatment. So any increase in dialysis time or frequency, during awake hours, will result in an immediate and quantifiable reduction in quality of life. Conventional measures of dialysis adequacy consider only urea clearance. This poorly reflects middle molecule clearance, renal function, and management of fluid and phosphate overload, all of which have a greater impact on outcome than urea clearance. Fluid, phosphate, and uremic toxin overload may be better and less invasively controlled by continuous means such as dietary modification, binders, and preserving renal function. Bioimpedance, blood volume monitoring, and lung ultrasound provide means for improved control of fluid homeostasis. The probability of renal function recovery or preservation is increased by avoiding dehydration. An ideal strategy would be to preserve renal function and employ as little dialysis as possible (if it cannot be avoided altogether). Fluid overload, blood pressure, uremic toxin, and phosphate levels would be monitored and controlled using any means available, preferably by less invasive means than dialysis. Kt/V is useful in controlling the prescribed dose of dialysis, but the achievement of a universal target should not be an end in itself.
Isotope and elemental geochemistry of black shale‐hosted fossiliferous concretions from the Cretaceous Santana Formation fossil Lagerstätte (Brazil)
Authors: Heimhofer Ulrich , Meister Patrick , Bernasconi Stefano M. , Ariztegui Daniel , Martill David M. , Rios‐Netto Aristoteles M. , Schwark Lorenz 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCarbonate concretions hosted within organic carbon‐rich shale sequences represent unique archives of often exceptionally preserved fossil biota. Besides providing high‐fidelity preservation, their geochemical signatures can provide insight into the physical and chemical processes during early and later‐stage concretion growth. Here, two fossiliferous carbonate concretions of the late Early Cretaceous Santana Formation (Araripe Basin, north‐east Brazil) are analysed with an integrative geochemical approach including μ‐XRF scanning, δ13C, δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr and Δ47 (clumped isotope thermometry). Individual concretions show a concentric internal zonation with the outermost layer being composed of millimetre thick cone‐in‐cone calcite. A strong covariance of δ13C and δ18O values of the fine‐crystalline concretion body indicates mixing of two different carbonate phases and supports a scenario of temporally separated pervasive growth stages. Microbially‐mediated formation of an early porous calcite framework was controlled by the combined processes of fermentation and methanogenesis around the decaying carcass, forming localized environments within a zone of sulphate reduction. Microbial sulphate reduction is indicated by the concentric enrichment of pyrite in the outer part of the concretion body and by high pyrite abundance in the surrounding shale. Information on the later‐stage diagenetic processes affecting the Santana concretions can be derived from the outermost fringing cone‐in‐cone calcite. The carbonate precipitating fluid was characterized by a more or less marine δ18O composition (calculated δ18Oporewater = −1·0 to −1·8‰) and by radiogenic Sr‐isotope ratios (up to 0·713331 ± 7·0*10−6), the latter probably reflecting modification due to interaction with the surrounding shale or, alternatively, with underlying evaporitic sulphate deposits influenced by strong continental inflow or with crystalline basement rocks. The Δ47‐derived temperature estimates range between 37°C and 42°C ± 5, indicating precipitation of the cone‐in‐cone calcite at a depth of 650 to 850 m, which is only half as much as the maximum burial depth derived from existing fission‐track data. Overall, the study of fossiliferous carbonate concretions in organic carbon‐rich sedimentary sequences can reveal a complex growth history spanning incipient microbially‐influenced precipitates as well as later‐stage burial diagenetic phases.
Landmark‐based summarized messages for flood warning
Authors: Chang Ya‐Hui , Liu Yu‐Te , Tan Yi‐Yuan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn order to evacuate residents in time, flood warning systems must have rapid data processing algorithms to translate detailed numerical data into simple warnings and navigation aids. Although it is common to display warning messages by directly drawing red circles on a map embedded in a Web page to indicate the regions about to be inundated, such an approach has some drawbacks. We propose an alternative way by summarizing the warning messages based on landmarks, so that the messages can be short and convey even more information. We have designed two approaches to output such messages. They are the nearest landmark approach and the threshold approach, which differ in the way of determining which landmarks will be influenced by a certain flooded region. These two methods are implemented and we compare their performance through real and synthetic datasets. Experimental results show that the threshold approach usually takes less execution time than the nearest landmark approach. Its severity ranking of landmarks is also better suited to human behaviour.
FoxO‐dependent atrogenes vary among catabolic conditions and play a key role in muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb suspension
Authors: Brocca Lorenza , Toniolo Luana , Reggiani Carlo , Bottinelli Roberto , Sandri Marco , Pellegrino Maria Antonietta 
Published: October 2016

Key points
Muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition that affects a high percentage of the population with a negative impact on quality of life.
Dissecting the molecular level of the atrophy process, and the similarities/dissimilarities among different catabolic conditions, is a necessary step for designing specific countermeasures to attenuate/prevent muscle loss.
The FoxO family transcription factors represent one of the most important regulators of atrophy programme stimulating the expression of many atrophy‐related genes.
The findings of the present study clearly indicate that the signalling network controlling the atrophy programme is specific for each catabolic condition.
AbstractMuscle atrophy is a complex process that is in common with many different catabolic diseases including disuse/inactivity and ageing. The signalling pathways that control the atrophy programme in the different disuse/inactivity conditions have not yet been completely dissected. The inhibition of FoxO is considered to only partially spare muscle mass after denervation. The present study aimed: (i) to determine the involvement of FoxOs in hindlimb suspension disuse model; (ii) to define whether the molecular events of protein breakdown are shared among different unloaded muscles; and finally (iii) to compare the data obtained in this model with another model of inactivity such as denervation. Both wild‐type and muscle‐specific FoxO1,3,4 knockout (FoxO1,3,4−/−) mice were unloaded for 3 and 14 days and muscles were characterized by functional, morphological, biochemical and molecular assays. The data obtained show that FoxOs are required for muscle loss and force drop during unloading. Moreover, we found that FoxO‐dependent atrogenes vary in different unloaded muscles and that they diverge from denervation. The findings of the present study clearly indicate that the signalling network that controls the atrophy programme is specific for each catabolic condition.
The North Peruvian Oil Pipeline and its Future
Authors: Ocampo Jorge A. Toledo 
Published: October 2016

Worldwide economic globalization has awakened the corporate sector and countries to new opportunities and rising competition is forcing them to become more efficient. Perú is undergoing change and working to attain an increasingly important position in the international economy by opening its frontiers and minimizing its government apparatus.
Petróleos del Perú’s Oil Pipeline Division is making adjustments to respond to this new context, searching for excellence to offer Total Quality, is training highly qualified personnel and being oriented to competitive results.
The strategy to be followed must involve deciding on whether to maintain the existing operating capacity, to lengthen the useful life of the system and expanding its services. The most important point to be determined by an enterprise is not what must be done, but what are the aims and goals to be reached.
Arctic Linepipe With High Resistance to Crack Propagation and HIC
Authors: Murtagian Gregorio R. , Fitzsimons Guillermo L. , González Juan C. , Kotova Irina S. , Anenkov Nikoli I. 
Published: October 2016

Linepipe steels for sour, arctic and offshore applications, form a class of material by themselves. These linepipes are originated in the need to fulfill several special characteristics like adequacy for induction bending, toughness requirement at very low temperature to prevent a unstable crack propagation, and hydrogen induced cracking resistance.
These kind of linepipes are produced through clean steel practice, resulting in a low residuals content and a low non metallic inclusions rating. It is also very important to get a fine and uniform microstructure to guarantee good performance under sour environments, arctic and offshore conditions.
In the present paper, a practical test to assess fitness for service of special linepipes is presented. Two linepipes with diameters between 219 and 273 mm and Diameter/thickness (D/t) ratios from 10 to 20, intended for arctic service were studied. While linepipe of both large Diameter and D/t (above 50), have been studied, there has been very little work done for diameters below 420 mm and D/t ratios in the range of 10–20.
Full scale burst tests at −40°C and −60°C were carried out under controlled conditions. Actual crack propagation speed during burst tests at temperatures below −60°C, was tracked through an oscilloscope-computer data acquisition system. Weldability and hydrogen induced cracking performances were also studied.
External Pipeline Coating Selection for New and Existing Buried Pipelines
Authors: Brown Mick D. 
Published: October 2016

The majority of existing and new pipelines are externally coated. The opportunity to examine buried pipelines has shown that selection of both shop and over-the-ditch field applied coatings has resulted in many failures.
Coating selection in 1996 has become more complex because of the abundance of available products. Not only are there many available coating types but there are also competitive products within each category. The safe approach is to select a coating that will perform well under the most severe conditions but this approach can be very costly and often a lesser coating is selected with the realization that it affects the risk of failure.
This paper addresses the criteria that need to be considered during coating selection and provides an outline for the decision making process. Examples are used to illustrate the effect of different factors on coating performance.