bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IT-Sicherheit in kritischen IT-Infrastrukturen des Klinik- und Krankenhauswesens: Prävention statt Reaktion
Authors: Leibbrand Patrick 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungIT-Netzwerke in Kliniken und Krankenhäusern gelten als kritische Infrastrukturen und sind durch Angriffe auf deren interne Systeme und Netzwerkressourcen gefährdet. Der Übersichtsartikel fasst die praktischen Konsequenzen omnipräsenter Vernetzung und Verbindung zum offenen Internet zusammen, skizziert Angriffsvektoren und -wege und begründet die zunehmende Unwirksamkeit konventioneller, reaktiv-filternder Schutzmaßnahmen. Abschließend werden präventiv wirksame Schutzkonzepte vorgestellt, die zusammen mit adäquaten technisch-organisatorischen Maßnahmen aktuellen und zukünftigen Bedrohungen nachhaltig entgegentreten.
Marketing für nuklearmedizinische Praxen: Worauf es ankommt
Authors: Döbler Anne-Katrin 
Published: December 2017

Öffentlichkeitsarbeit für nuklearmedizinische PraxenNoch bis vor wenigen Jahren waren viele Mediziner überzeugt, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Medienarbeit nicht nötig zu haben. Mundpropaganda, hieß es oft, sei entscheidend für den ärztlichen Beruf. Zweifellos ist die persönliche Empfehlung durch Freunde und Bekannte nach wie vor wichtig. Ein gewisses Maß an Öffentlichkeitsarbeit ist allerdings auch aus der Medizin nicht mehr wegzudenken, wenn man sich die vielen Arztpraxis-Webseiten und Bewertungsportale anschaut. Für die Generation Patient U40 dürfte heute gelten: Wer nicht im Internet zu finden ist, existiert nicht. Doch nicht nur diese Form der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit ist wichtig – egal, wie gut ein Arzt als Spezialist ist. Damit ist klar, ganz „ohne“ geht es nicht. Doch wie macht man es richtig, was ist das richtige Maß und worauf sollte man dabei achten?
Das kutane Mikrobiom: Ausblick für neue Therapieansätze beim atopischen Ekzem
Authors: Kolb-Mäurer A. 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Sichtweise auf die Pathogenese und Therapie des atopischen Ekzems hat sich durch fortlaufend neue Erkenntnisse über das kutane Mikrobiom geändert. Untersuchungen zum Mikrobiom erkrankter Patienten bestätigten einen Anstieg von Staphylococcus aureus sowie parallel dazu die Abnahme insbesondere der gram-negativen bakteriellen Vielfalt in den betroffenen Regionen. Die Interaktion der Haut mit dem Mikrobiom hat Konsequenzen für Immunität und Toleranz des Wirts. Veränderungen der mikrobiellen Zusammensetzung können somit die Entwicklung und den Verlauf des atopischen Ekzems beeinflussen. Aus diesen aktuellen Erkenntnissen der Relevanz des Hautmikrobioms ist neben der gestörten Hautbarriere und den Entzündungsreaktionen auch das Hautmikrobiom mit in die Therapie des atopischen Ekzems einzubeziehen. Neben der antiinflammatorischen Behandlung sollte die Therapie auch auf einen positiven Einfluss auf das Mikrobiom abzielen. Lokale oder systemische antibiotische und antiseptische Behandlungen können zwar die Kolonisationsdichte von S. aureus vermindern, verbessern jedoch nicht zwangsläufig das Mikrobiom. Interessanterweise besitzt Miconazol neben seiner antimykotischen Wirkung zusätzlich antibakterielle Eigenschaften insbesondere gegenüber S. aureus und Corynebakterien. Gram-negative Bakterien werden jedoch durch das Antimykotikum kaum beeinflusst. Eine Lokaltherapie mit Miconazol, gegebenenfalls in Kombination mit einem antientzündlichen Wirkstoff, stellt so eine interessante Alternative zur Behandlung des atopischen Ekzems dar und erweitert das Therapiespektrum anderer bakterieller Hauterkrankungen wie des Erythrasmas und unterschiedlicher Ekzemerkrankungen, die häufig mit Pilzen und Bakterien besiedelt oder infiziert sind.
Extraction Method and Analysis of Cannabinoids in Cannabis Olive Oil Preparations
Authors: Casiraghi Antonella , Roda Gabriella , Casagni Eleonora , Cristina Cecilia , Musazzi Umberto , Franzè Silvia , Rocco Paolo , Giuliani Claudia , Fico Gelsomina , Minghetti Paola , Gambaro Veniero 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecently, an increasing number of pharmacists had to supply medicinal products based on Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae), prescribed by physicians to individual patients. Cannabis olive oil preparation is the first choice as a concentrated extract of cannabinoids, even though standardized operative conditions for obtaining it are still not available. In this work, the impact of temperature and extraction time on the concentration of active principles was studied to harmonize the different compounding methods, optimize the extraction process, and reduce the variability among preparations. Moreover, starting from the cannabis inflorescence, the effect of temperature on tetrahydrocannabinolic acid decarboxylation was evaluated. For the analysis, a GC/MS method, as suggested by the Italian Ministry of Health, and a GC/flame ionization detection method were developed, validated, and compared.
Towards a typology of interpreters in war-related scenarios in the Middle East
Authors: Ruiz Rosendo Lucía , Barea Muñoz Manuel 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The figure of the interpreter in conflict is as interesting as it is elusive to the rest of the profession and academia. One of the regions that has caught the attention and the interest of scholars is the Middle East. The literature tends to focus on one specific category – locally recruited interpreters – and the application of different theoretical concepts to their role and consideration by the parties involved, and does not delve too deeply into the intricacies of the specific role of other categories of interpreter in this context. Also, the existing narratives do not always frame this role through the typology of the conflict in which it is developed. This paper identifies narratives included in the literature that represent interpreters working in armed conflicts in the Middle East in order to examine the different existing categories. The paper then draws on the results of a qualitative study carried out with staff interpreters at an international organisation with the aim of completing this categorisation. Our focus will be on the characteristics of the different categories of interpreter in terms of their involvement in the different stages of the conflict, their positionality, working conditions, status and recognition by the parties involved in the conflict.
The translation challenges of INGOs
Authors: Tesseur Wine 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In the current climate where the legitimacy of Western-based international Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) is increasingly put under pressure, some NGOs have started to change their approach to translation, often as a consequence of structural changes within the organisation. This article focuses on the translation challenges of one such organisation, namely Amnesty International, and how it has aimed to deal with these. Drawing on ethnographic data, it describes the mission of Amnesty’s Language Resource Centre, which aims to support translation at Amnesty into a variety of languages. The article reveals some of the tensions between the use of professional translators, particularly for languages such as French, Spanish and Arabic, and the continued reliance of smaller Amnesty offices on volunteer translators. It demonstrates that despite the trend towards professionalisation, volunteer translation continues to represent a significant portion of Amnesty’s translation work.
New Methods to Study the Microcirculation
Authors: Rizzoni Damiano , Agabiti Rosei Claudia , De Ciuceis Carolina , Semeraro Francesco , Rizzoni Marco , Docchio Franco 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEssential hypertension is associated with structural alterations in the microvessels; in particular, an increase in the media thickness to internal lumen ratio of small resistance arteries (MLR) and a reduction in capillary density have been observed. The evaluation of the morphological characteristics of small resistance arteries in humans is challenging. The gold-standard method is generally considered to be the measurement by wire or pressure micromyography of MLR of subcutaneous small vessels obtained by local biopsies. However, noninvasive techniques for the evaluation of retinal arterioles were recently proposed; in particular, 2 approaches, scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (SLDF) and adaptive optics (AO), seem to provide useful information. Both of them provide an estimation of the wall to lumen ratio (WLR) of retinal arterioles. Moreover, a noninvasive measurement of basal and total capillary density may be obtained by videomicroscopy/capillaroscopy. It has been recently demonstrated that AO has a substantial advantage over SLDF in terms of evaluation of microvascular morphology, since WLR measured with AO is more closely correlated with the M/L of subcutaneous small arteries. The possibility to noninvasively assess in a reliable way, microvascular morphology in a clinical setting may represent a major advancement, since micromyography has substantial limitations in its application due to the local invasiveness of the procedure.
PEITH(Θ): perfecting experiments with information theory in Python with GPU support
Authors: Dony Leander , Mackerodt Jonas , Ward Scott , Filippi Sarah , Stumpf Michael P H , Liepe Juliane 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Different experiments provide differing levels of information about a biological system. This makes it difficult, a priori, to select one of them beyond mere speculation and/or belief, especially when resources are limited. With the increasing diversity of experimental approaches and general advances in quantitative systems biology, methods that inform us about the information content that a given experiment carries about the question we want to answer, become crucial.

Results
PEITH(Θ) is a general purpose, Python framework for experimental design in systems biology. PEITH(Θ) uses Bayesian inference and information theory in order to derive which experiments are most informative in order to estimate all model parameters and/or perform model predictions.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/MichaelPHStumpf/Peitho
Materials characterization of innovative composite materials for solar-driven thermochemical heat storage (THS) suitable for building application
Authors: Jarimi Hasila , Devrim Aydin , Zhang Yanan , Ding Yate , Ramadan Omar , Chen Xiangjie , Dodo Auwal , Utlu Zafer , Riffat Saffa 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Thermochemical Heat Storage (THS) systems have recently attracted a lot of attention in research and development. One of the main parameters that influence the performance of a THS system is the thermochemical materials. This paper aims to investigate thermochemical materials which are suitable for both short-term and long-term building heat storage application driven by solar energy for an open system. Innovative composite materials using MgCl2-MgSO4, CaCl2-LiCl and MgSO4- CaCl2 salts mixtures impregnated into vermiculite, and potassium formate (KCOOH) impregnated into silica gel will be presented in this study. Initial screening and characterization results of the composite THS materials based on the energy density using differential scanning calorimetry analysis, mass loss against temperature using thermo-gravimetric analysis, and moisture vapor adsorption isotherms testing are discussed. The characterization analysis suggest that the vermiculite with salts mixtures are promising candidates for thermochemical heat storage (THS) systems compared to composite materials with individual salts. Meanwhile the potential of KCOOH-silica gel as THS materials may be further investigated in the future. The performance of the materials may be further optimized in the future by changing the concentration ratio of the mixed salts.
Identifying and Managing Patients with Factitious Wounds
Authors: Amr Amro , Schmitt Constanze , Kuipers Thomas , Schoeller Thomas , Eckhardt-Henn Annegret , Werdin Frank 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
In the majority of cases, autodestructive behaviors lead to acute or chronic wounds. The identification and management of patients with factitious wounds (FWs) is difficult. This article aims to raise awareness, note specific warning signs, and define constructive treatment strategies for these patients.

DESIGN:
A retrospective study of 12 patients with confirmed FWs was performed. The diagnosis was specified according to the criteria of the American Psychiatric Association. Information regarding wound location, therapy, and healing was also collected and analyzed.

MAIN RESULTS:
In this patient cohort, only 5 of 16 diagnostic criteria appeared to correlate well with the assessment of FWs. In 11 patients, the wound location was obvious, and 11 patients received surgical treatment. In 9 cases, study authors observed a healing tendency under occlusive dressings and complete wound healing in 4 cases. In these 4 cases, a psychiatrist was involved in the therapy.

CONCLUSIONS:
Based on this study, new specific warning signs for FWs include “young age,” “obvious location of the wound,” and “promotion of healing with the use of occlusive dressings.” A fundamental knowledge of the disease is necessary for the successful management of FWs. Early identification, avoidance of invasive procedures, consultation with a psychiatrist, and thorough documentation are of utmost importance.
External Evaluation of Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Infliximab in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Santacana Eugènia , Rodríguez-Alonso Lorena , Padullés Ariadna , Guardiola Jordi , Rodríguez-Moranta Francisco , Serra Katja , Bas Jordi , Morandeira, Biology Francisco , Colom Helena , Padullés Núria 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Infliximab (IFX) trough levels vary markedly between patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is important for clinical response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of previously developed population pharmacokinetic models in patients with IBD for dose individualization for Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis in our clinical setting.

Methods:
The authors collected 370 trough levels prospectively from 100 adult patients with IBD who were undergoing IFX treatment between July 2013 and August 2016. The external evaluation included prediction- and simulation-based diagnostics [prediction-corrected visual predictive check, prediction- and variability-corrected visual predictive check, and normalized prediction distribution error tests].

Results:
In prediction-based diagnostics, the authors observed a nonsignificant overall mean relative bias of −6.87% and an acceptable imprecision of 8.45%. Approximately 100% of the prediction error was within ±30%, indicating satisfactory predictability. Simulation-based diagnostics indicated model misspecification; thus, the model may not be appropriate for simulation-based applications.

Conclusions:
While simulation-based diagnostics provided unsatisfactory results, the prediction-based diagnostics demonstrate that the population pharmacokinetic model developed by Fasanmade et al for CD can be used to predict and design individualized IFX dose regimens that meet the individual needs of patients with CD and ulcerative colitis.
Selective Endothelial Removal for Peters Anomaly
Authors: Soh Yu Qiang , Mehta Jodhbir S. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
Peters anomaly is the most common cause of congenital corneal opacities. Although conservative management is often ineffective except in mild cases, surgical intervention in the form of penetrating keratoplasty is fraught with unpredictability and often has unacceptable postoperative outcomes. As such, there is a need to explore alternative surgical interventions that may possibly improve the postoperative visual prognosis in these patients. In this report, we present a case of type 1 Peters anomaly treated by selective endothelial removal without corneal tissue transplantation.

Methods:
A case report with literature review.

Results:
A 21-month-old child, who presented with unilateral type 1 Peters anomaly, underwent selective endothelial removal without corneal tissue transplantation for the treatment of her condition. The patient demonstrated excellent anatomical and visual recovery after the procedure over a 1-year period. Her visual acuity had improved from 20/960 preoperatively to 20/30 during the latest review. Postoperative recovery was not complicated by the development of any sight-threatening complications, and she has been successfully weaned off all topical and systemic medications.

Conclusions:
Selective endothelial removal can potentially be used to treat cases of type 1 Peters anomaly.
Early Vaccine-type Pneumococcal Acute Otitis Media Does not Predispose to Subsequent Otitis When Compared With Early Acute Otitis Media Due to Other Bacterial Etiology
Authors: Palmu Arto A. , Lahdenkari Mika 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Prevention of acute otitis media (AOM), and especially recurrence and biofilm formation, by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has been hypothesized to be due to prevention of early episodes triggering the vicious cycle. We tested the specific role of vaccine-type pneumococcal AOM in this hypothesis.

Methods:
In the phase III randomized, double-blind Finnish otitis media Vaccine Trial conducted in 1995–1999, children received pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 7 or hepatitis B vaccine as control at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of age and were followed for AOM. Myringotomy with middle ear fluid aspiration was performed in AOM, and samples were cultured. We compared control-vaccinated children with confirmed vaccine-type or 6A-AOM with those with AOM due to other confirmed etiology within 2–6 months of age (early AOM) and followed for subsequent AOM from 6–24 months of age.

Results:
Eight hundred thirty-one children were enrolled in the Finnish otitis media control arm. Before 6 months of age, 34 children experienced vaccine-type–AOM, and 40 children experienced AOM of other bacterial etiology. The subsequent AOM incidences were 1.9 (95% CI, 1.5–2.4) and 2.1 (1.7–2.5) in these subgroups, respectively. However, the subsequent incidences were lower if no bacteria were detected at AOM (1.5, 1.2–1.8) or if there was no early AOM (1.1, 1.1–1.2).

Conclusions:
Early vaccine-type AOM was not associated with a higher risk of subsequent AOM compared with AOM due to other confirmed bacterial etiology. These data do not support any specific role of vaccine-type pneumococcus in the hypothesis.
Structural Neuroimaging and Neuropsychologic Signatures in Children With Vertically Acquired HIV
Authors: Paul Robert , Prasitsuebsai Wasana , Jahanshad Neda , Puthanakit Thanyawee , Thompson Paul , Aurpibul Linda , Hansudewechakul Rawiwan , Kosalaraksa Pope , Kanjanavanit Suparat , Ngampiyaskul Chaiwat , Luesomboon Wicharn , Lerdlum Sukalaya , Pothisri Mantana , Visrutaratna Pannee , Valcour Victor , Nir Talia M. , Saremi Arvin , Kerr Stephen , Ananworanich Jintanat 
Published: December 2017

Background:Children with vertically acquired HIV exhibit persistent cognitive impairments, yet the corresponding neuroimaging signature of vertical infection remains unclear.Methods:Fifty healthy control children and 51 vertically infected children were included in the study. The HIV-infected group consisted of survivors who had not received antiretroviral therapy at birth. The HIV-infected group averaged 11.4 (2.5) years of age, with a median CD4 count of 683 cells/mm3. Most (71%) of the HIV-infected children were on antiretroviral therapy for a median of 34 months (range: 33–42) with HIV RNA <40 copies/mL in 89% of the sample. The HIV-uninfected group averaged 10.6 (2.6) years of age. Magnetic resonance imaging was acquired to determine volumes of the caudate, putamen, thalamus, pallidum, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, total white matter, total gray matter and cortical gray matter. Correlational analyses examined the degree of shared variance between brain volumes and both cognitive performances and laboratory markers of disease activity (T cells and plasma viral load).Results:HIV-infected children exhibited larger volumes of the caudate, nucleus accumbens, total gray matter and cortical gray matter when compared with the controls. Volumetric differences were predominately evident in children under 12 years of age. HIV-infected children performed worse than controls on most neuropsychologic tests, though neither cognitive performances nor laboratory markers corresponded to brain volumes in the HIV-infected children.Conclusions:Outcomes of the present study suggest abnormal brain maturation among HIV-infected pediatric survivors. Longitudinal studies of brain integrity and related resilience factors are needed to determine the impact of neuroimaging abnormalities on psychosocial function in pediatric HIV.
TRO40303 Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Pancreatitis Through Reduction of Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester–Induced Mitochondrial Injury and Necrotic Cell Death
Authors: Javed Muhammad Ahsan , Wen Li , Awais Muhammad , Latawiec Diane , Huang Wei , Chvanov Michael , Schaller Sophie , Bordet Thierry , Michaud Magali , Pruss Rebecca , Tepikin Alexei , Criddle David , Sutton Robert 
Published: December 2017

Objectives
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibition is a promising approach to treat acute pancreatitis (AP). We sought to determine (i) the effects of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor 3,5-seco-4-nor-cholestan-5-one oxime-3-ol (TRO40303) on murine and human pancreatic acinar cell (PAC) injury induced by fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) or taurolithocholic acid-3-sulfate and (ii) TRO40303 pharmacokinetics and efficacy in experimental alcoholic AP (FAEE-AP).

Methods
Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]c), and cell fate were examined in freshly isolated murine or human PACs by confocal microscopy. TRO40303 pharmacokinetics were assessed in cerulein-induced AP and therapeutic efficacy in FAEE-AP induced with palmitoleic acid and ethanol. Severity of AP was assessed by standard biomarkers and blinded histopathology.

Results
TRO40303 prevented loss of Δψm and necrosis induced by 100 μM palmitoleic acid ethyl ester or 500 μM taurolithocholic acid-3-sulfate in murine and human PACs. Pharmacokinetic analysis found TRO40303 accumulated in the pancreas. A single dose of 3 mg/kg TRO40303 significantly reduced serum amylase (P = 0.043), pancreatic trypsin (P = 0.018), and histopathology scores (P = 0.0058) in FAEE-AP.

Conclusions
TRO40303 protects mitochondria and prevents necrotic cell death pathway activation in murine and human PACs, ameliorates the severity of FAEE-AP, and is a candidate drug for human AP.