bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The memorable experience of published research on adolescent
development
Authors: Chow Ronald 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The education system has served as a key component of adolescent
development, whether through traditional learning, peer-tutoring programs,
or objective-specific programs. The production of scientific publications of
students at Crescent School offered a unique experiential learning
opportunity, where students not only learned about study design, data
collection, statistical analyses and manuscript writing but also valuable
lessons of work ethic, organizational skills, and interpersonal skills. The
students have cited the experience as a memorable experience during their
adolescent development.
Migration Discourse in Slovak Politics. Context and Content of Migration in Political Discourse: European Values versus Campaign Rhetoric
Authors: Žúborová Viera , Borárosová Ingrid 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The migration crisis has not only influenced the societies of Europe, their governments, and decisions taken by them but also affected the work of media. As soon as the migration crisis began to escalate in Europe, the old continent has continuously tried to cope with the influx of refugees from the war-threatened Middle East; not only individual statements of politicians and influential individuals but also communication flows themselves, which have created content and expanded context within networks, have become the center of interest. We can assume that in the previous months (especially in the case of the Slovak Republic), political and media discourses influenced societal and individual opinions and attitudes toward the migration crisis. The main aim of this article is to compare the various contents in the Slovak printed media in the context of the migration crisis. The dominant focus will be on analyzing media messages in the analyzed period in the context of creating political (media-based and electoral) discourse on the refugee crisis. We assume that over time, the main political discourse changed, and that the rhetoric of the main political actors also changed over time. The reason for this shift was the national election in March 2016.
Dual-stage adaptive finite-time modified function projective multi-lag combined synchronization for multiple uncertain chaotic systems
Authors: Li Qiaoping , Liu Sanyang 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In this paper, for multiple different chaotic systems with unknown bounded disturbances and fully unknown parameters, a more general synchronization method called modified function projective multi-lag combined synchronization is proposed. This new method covers almost all of the synchronization methods available. As an advantage of the new method, the drive system is a linear combination of multiple chaotic systems, which makes the signal hidden channels more abundant and the signal hidden methods more flexible. Based on the finite-time stability theory and the sliding mode variable structure control technique, a dual-stage adaptive variable structure control scheme is established to realize the finite-time synchronization and to tackle the parameters well. The detailed theoretical derivation and representative numerical simulation is put forward to demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the advanced scheme.
Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis initiation under normoxic conditions through Wnt/β-catenin pathway in gliomas
Authors: Vallée Alexandre , Guillevin Rémy , Vallée Jean-Noël 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway is up-regulated in gliomas and involved in proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Nuclear β-catenin accumulation correlates with malignancy. Hypoxia activates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α by inhibiting HIF-1α prolyl hydroxylation, which promotes glycolytic energy metabolism, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, whereas HIF-1α is degraded by the HIF prolyl hydroxylase under normoxic conditions. We focus this review on the links between the activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the mechanisms underlying vasculogenesis and angiogenesis through HIF-1α under normoxic conditions in gliomas. Wnt-induced epidermal growth factor receptor/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling, Wnt-induced signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling, and Wnt/β-catenin target gene transduction (c-Myc) can activate HIF-1α in a hypoxia-independent manner. The PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway activates HIF-1α through eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 and STAT3. The β-catenin/T-cell factor 4 complex directly binds to STAT3 and activates HIF-1α, which up-regulates the Wnt/β-catenin target genes cyclin D1 and c-Myc in a positive feedback loop. Phosphorylated STAT3 by interleukin-6 or leukemia inhibitory factor activates HIF-1α even under normoxic conditions. The activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway induces, via the Wnt target genes c-Myc and cyclin D1 or via HIF-1α, gene transactivation encoding aerobic glycolysis enzymes, such as glucose transporter, hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase M2, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 and lactate dehydrogenase-A, leading to lactate production, as the primary alternative of ATP, at all oxygen levels, even in normoxic conditions. Lactate released by glioma cells via the monocarboxylate lactate transporter-1 up-regulated by HIF-1α and lactate anion activates HIF-1α in normoxic endothelial cells by inhibiting HIF-1α prolyl hydroxylation and preventing HIF labeling by the von Hippel-Lindau protein. Increased lactate with acid environment and HIF-1α overexpression induce the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis under normoxic conditions. Hypoxia and acidic pH have no synergistic effect on VEGF transcription.
Wear Performance of Squeeze Cast ZA27–Based Composites Containing SiC, ZrO2, C, or Hybrid of SiC+C Particles
Authors: El-khair Malak Taher Abou , Lotfy Ahmed , Daoud Atef , El-sheikh Ahmed 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Zinc-27 percent by weight (wt.%) aluminum (ZA27)–based composites containing five percent by volume (vol.%) of various particulates, namely, silicon carbide (SiC), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), carbon (C), and hybrid of SiC+C, were successfully prepared by stirring method followed by squeeze casting. Pin-on-disc dry wear tests were carried out to study the sliding wear behavior of the ZA27 alloy and produced composites. Experiments were performed within a load range of 20 N to 60 N at a constant sliding speed of 1.5 m/s. It was found that the addition of particles improved the wear resistance of the resultant composites when compared with the unreinforced ZA27 alloy. Amongst the produced composites, highest wear resistance was achieved with the ZrO2 particulate–reinforced composite, while the carbon-reinforced composite exhibited the lowest wear resistance. The wear resistance of the investigated materials decreased as the applied load was increased. The friction coefficient of the composites was much lower than that of the unreinforced alloy. The wear rate data as well as examination of the worn surfaces and wear debris by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis suggested a change of predominating wear mechanisms as the load changed. At a low load (20 N), the wear rate of the matrix alloy and carbon reinforced composites was relatively low, the worn surfaces consisted of localized shallow grooves, and the wear debris was fine, suggesting that the predominating wear mechanism was smearing. For the composites reinforced with SiC and ZrO2 at a load of 20 N, the wear rate was relatively low, and the worn surfaces revealed parallel ploughing marks, indicating that the predominant wear mechanism was ploughing and abrasive wear. However, at a load of 60 N, the predominant wear mechanism was plastic deformation and delamination for all the investigated materials in which the wear rate was significantly higher; the worn surface displayed some patches, and large-sized, platelike debris was observed.
The Effect of Spray-Formed Al22Si Coating on Wear Resistance Performance
Authors: Zhao Junfeng , Jia Yandong , Sun Jianfei , Yuan Xiaoguang , Shen Hongxian 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The future trends of modern automobiles will apply lightweight material to boost fuel economy and energy efficiency. While the spray-formed Al22Si coatings are suitable candidates for improving the wear resistance of the lightweight materials. The morphology of the wear tracks was compared between spray-formed Al22Si and cast iron, and the relationship between the wear loss and the microscopic wear mechanisms was also discussed. The result shows that the wear resistance performance of the spray-formed Al22Si alloy was better than that of cast iron, and its wear loss presented an approximately linear relationship with the sliding distance. It was also shown that damage within the spray-formed Al22Si occurred in two stages. Initially, the spray-formed Al22Si alloy was extremely worn due to an abrasive action on the sharp particles and the fracture of the larger particles. Once the sharp edges of the abrasive became blunt with the wear progress, the degree of wear and tear decreased dramatically. In the stable wear stage, a small number of tiny particles are gradually worn out that can reduce the asperity contact and reduce the friction and wear. The wear resistance of the spray-formed Al22Si improved as the number and homogeneous distribution of the hard particles increased and their sizes decreased. The present study shows that spray-formed Al22Si not only reduces the automotive weight, but also enhances the life of the engine cylinder more than cast iron.
UPF1 Governs Synaptic Plasticity through Association with a STAU2 RNA Granule
Authors: Graber Tyson E. , Freemantle Erika , Anadolu Mina N. , Hébert-Seropian Sarah , MacAdam Robyn L. , Shin Unkyung , Hoang Huy-Dung , Alain Tommy , Lacaille Jean-Claude , Sossin Wayne S. 
Published: August 2017

Neuronal mRNAs can be packaged in reversibly stalled polysome granules before their transport to distant synaptic locales. Stimulation of synaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) reactivates translation of these particular mRNAs to produce plasticity-related protein; a phenomenon exhibited during mGluR-mediated LTD. This form of plasticity is deregulated in Fragile X Syndrome, a monogenic form of autism in humans, and understanding the stalling and reactivation mechanism could reveal new approaches to therapies. Here, we demonstrate that UPF1, known to stall peptide release during nonsense-mediated RNA decay, is critical for assembly of stalled polysomes in rat hippocampal neurons derived from embryos of either sex. Moreover, UPF1 and its interaction with the RNA binding protein STAU2 are necessary for proper transport and local translation from a prototypical RNA granule substrate and for mGluR-LTD in hippocampal neurons. These data highlight a new, neuronal role for UPF1, distinct from its RNA decay functions, in regulating transport and/or translation of mRNAs that are critical for synaptic plasticity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe elongation and/or termination steps of mRNA translation are emerging as important control points in mGluR-LTD, a form of synaptic plasticity that is compromised in a severe monogenic form of autism, Fragile X Syndrome. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms controlling this type of plasticity may thus open new therapeutic opportunities. Here, we describe a new role for the ATP-dependent helicase UPF1 and its interaction with the RNA localization protein STAU2 in mediating mGluR-LTD through the regulation of mRNA translation complexes stalled at the level of elongation and/or termination.
Brief Novel Visual Experience Fundamentally Changes Synaptic Plasticity in the Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Li Shuo , Wang Laijian , Tie Xiaoxiu , Sohya Kazuhiro , Lin Xian , Kirkwood Alfredo , Jiang Bin 
Published: August 2017

LTP has been known to be a mechanism by which experience modifies synaptic responses in the neocortex. Visual deprivation in the form of dark exposure or dark rearing from birth enhances NMDAR-dependent LTP in layer 2/3 of visual cortex, a process often termed metaplasticity, which may involve changes in NMDAR subunit composition and function. However, the effects of reexposure to light after dark rearing from birth on LTP induction have not been explored. Here, we showed that the light exposure after dark rearing revealed a novel NMDAR independent form of LTP in the layer 2/3 pyramidal cells in visual cortex of mice of both sexes, which is dependent on mGluR5 activation and is associated with intracellular Ca2+rise, CaMKII activity, PKC activity, and intact protein synthesis. Moreover, the capacity to induce mGluR-dependent LTP is transient: it only occurs when mice of both sexes reared in the dark from birth are exposed to light for 10–12 h, and it does not occur in vision-experienced, male mice, even after prolonged exposure to dark. Thus, the mGluR5-LTP unmasked by short visual experience can only be observed after dark rearing but not after dark exposure. These results suggested that, as in hippocampus, in layer 2/3 of visual cortex, there is coexistence of two distinct activity-dependent systems of synaptic plasticity, NMDAR-LTP, and mGluR5-LTP. The mGluR5-LTP unmasked by short visual experience may play a critical role in the faster establishment of normal receptive field properties.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLTP has been known to be a mechanism by which experience modifies synaptic responses in the neocortex. Visual deprivation in the form of dark exposure or dark rearing from birth enhances NMDAR-dependent LTP in layer 2/3 of visual cortex, a process often termed metaplasticity. NMDAR-dependent form of LTP in visual cortex has been well characterized. Here, we report that an NMDAR-independent form of LTP can be promoted by novel visual experience on dark-reared mice, characterized as dependent on intracellular Ca2+rise, PKC activity, and intact protein synthesis and also requires the activation of mGluR5. These findings suggest that, in layer 2/3 of visual cortex, as in hippocampus, there is coexistence of two distinct activity-dependent systems of synaptic plasticity.
Cortical Representations of Speech in a Multitalker Auditory Scene
Authors: Puvvada Krishna C. , Simon Jonathan Z. 
Published: August 2017

The ability to parse a complex auditory scene into perceptual objects is facilitated by a hierarchical auditory system. Successive stages in the hierarchy transform an auditory scene of multiple overlapping sources, from peripheral tonotopically based representations in the auditory nerve, into perceptually distinct auditory-object-based representations in the auditory cortex. Here, using magnetoencephalography recordings from men and women, we investigate how a complex acoustic scene consisting of multiple speech sources is represented in distinct hierarchical stages of the auditory cortex. Using systems-theoretic methods of stimulus reconstruction, we show that the primary-like areas in the auditory cortex contain dominantly spectrotemporal-based representations of the entire auditory scene. Here, both attended and ignored speech streams are represented with almost equal fidelity, and a global representation of the full auditory scene with all its streams is a better candidate neural representation than that of individual streams being represented separately. We also show that higher-order auditory cortical areas, by contrast, represent the attended stream separately and with significantly higher fidelity than unattended streams. Furthermore, the unattended background streams are more faithfully represented as a single unsegregated background object rather than as separated objects. Together, these findings demonstrate the progression of the representations and processing of a complex acoustic scene up through the hierarchy of the human auditory cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUsing magnetoencephalography recordings from human listeners in a simulated cocktail party environment, we investigate how a complex acoustic scene consisting of multiple speech sources is represented in separate hierarchical stages of the auditory cortex. We show that the primary-like areas in the auditory cortex use a dominantly spectrotemporal-based representation of the entire auditory scene, with both attended and unattended speech streams represented with almost equal fidelity. We also show that higher-order auditory cortical areas, by contrast, represent an attended speech stream separately from, and with significantly higher fidelity than, unattended speech streams. Furthermore, the unattended background streams are represented as a single undivided background object rather than as distinct background objects.
Simulation based comparison of stochastic claims reserving models in general insurance
Authors: Arató Miklós , Martinek László , Mályusz Miklós 
Published: August 2017

The appropriate estimation of incurred but not reported (IBNR) reserves is traditionally one of the most important task for property and casualty actuaries. As certain claims are reported considerably later after their occurrence, the amount and appropriateness of the reserves have a substantial effect on the financial results of institutions. In recent years, stochastic reserving methods have become increasingly widespread, supported by broad actuarial literature, describing development models and evaluation techniques.
The cardinal aim of the present paper is to compare the appropriateness of several stochastic estimation methods, supposing different distributional underlying development models. For lack of analytical formulae in most of the model settings relevant from a practical perspective, due to the complex behavior of summed variables, simulations are performed to approximate distributions and results. Considering that the number of runoff triangles is generally limited, stochastically simulated scenarios contribute to feasible solutions. Stochastic reserving is taken into account as a stochastic forecast, thus comparison techniques developed for stochastic forecasts can be applied, opening up new informative perspectives beyond classical prediction measures, such as the mean square error of prediction.
Magatartás-változtatás az egészségügyben: a motivációs interjú
Authors: Pócs Dávid , Hamvai Csaba , Kelemen Oguz 
Published: August 2017

Abstract: Public health data show that early mortality in Hungary could be prevented by smoking cessation, reduced alcohol consumption, regular exercise, healthy diet and increased adherence. Doctor–patient encounters often highlight these aspects of health behavior. There is evidence that health behavior change is driven by internal motivation rather than external influence. This finding has led to the concept of motivational interview, which is a person-centered, goal-oriented approach to counselling. The doctor asks targeted questions to elicit the patient’s motivations, strengths, internal resources, and to focus the interview around these. The quality and quantity of the patient’s change talk is related to better outcomes. In addition, the interview allows the patient to express ambivalent feelings and doubts about the change. The doctor should use various communication strategies to resolve this ambivalence. Furthermore, establishing a good doctor–patient relationship is the cornerstone of the motivational interview. An optimal relationship can evoke change talk and reduce the patient’s resistance, which can also result in a better outcome. The goal of the motivational interview is to focus on the ‘why’ to change health behavior rather than the ‘how’, and to utilize internal motivation instead of persuasion. This is the reason why motivational interview has become a widely-accepted evidence based approach. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(34): 1331–1337.
Előprogramozott gének
Authors: Szabad János 
Published: August 2017

Abstract: Cells feel good and carry on perfect functions when they contain the right types of proteins in the right concentration, at the right time and sites. There are mechanisms that ensure the right level of gene expression in the different cell types: the formation of protein molecules based on the DNA-encoded genetic information. Gene expression can also be regulated through the compactness of chromatin, i.e. the accessibility of the genes. The chromosomes are repositories of the genetic information – the sequence of base pairs – and also of the so-called epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression through the regulation of chromatin compactness. The epigenetic mechanisms operate through DNA methylation and/or the regulation of chromatin compactness. The present overview takes a look into the phenomenon of epigenesis. It summarizes how genetic crosses reveal the involvement of epigenesis, explains its meaning and impact on life of the organisms. An understanding of epigenesis provides guidance to improve our life. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(34): 1323–1330.
Atividade antifúngica de Sideroxylon obtusifolium frente a diferentes espécies de Candida sp.
Authors: Da Silva Renata Soares , De Oliveira Karla Maria Santos , Cavalcante Giani Maria 
Published: August 2017

<p>Candidiase é uma infecção fúngica oportunista cuja prevalência no mundo é de 6,9 casos por 1000 pacientes. O aumento na utilização de drogas antifúngicas, nos últimos anos, tem causado resistência aos medicamentos disponíveis para o tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a atividade antifúngica de <em>Sideroxylon obtusifolium</em> em estirpes associadas à candidiase. Os testes <em>in vitro</em> foram realizados com o extrato bruto e frações orgânicas contra estirpes de <em>Candida albicans</em> (URM 4385), <em>Candida glabrata</em> (URM 4264) e <em>Candida tropicalis</em> (URM 4262), gentilmente cedidas pela Micoteca da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), através do ensaio de difusão em ágar com poço e determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM). O extrato etanólico e a fração metanólica das folhas <em>S. obtusifolium</em> apresentaram potencial antifúngico, com diâmetro dos halos de inibição variando entre 24,5-19,5 mm e 25,0-18,0mm, respectivamente, valores semelhantes à droga padrão itraconozol. Os melhores resultados de CIM foram registrados para o extrato etanólico das folhas de <em>S. obtusifolium </em>na concentração de 200 µg/mL, com valores de CIM variando de 0,32 a 0,16 mg/mL. Estudo químico para a extração e o isolamento dos compostos ativos é recomendado para ensaios <em>in vitro</em> destes compostos para investigar a sua atividade antifúngica.</p>