bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender as stylistic bricolage: Transmasculine voices and the relationship between fundamental frequency and /s/
Authors: Zimman Lal 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDespite the importance of gender differences in the voice, sociolinguists have not paid sufficient attention to the sociolinguistic processes through which phonetic resources are mobilized in the construction of a gendered voice. This article argues that gender differences in the voice—including those influenced by physiology—are best understood as elements of sociolinguistic style rather than static properties. With a focus on transgender speakers in the early stages of masculinizing hormone therapy, the analysis demonstrates the complex interrelationship of the gendered meanings attributable to characteristics like fundamental frequency and /s/. Trans speakers challenge systems for categorizing voices as female or male, which assume that different aspects of the gendered voice will pattern together in normative ways. Yet a voice's gender is not a unidimensional feature, but a cluster of features that take on meaning only in context with one another, leaving them open for recombination and change through stylistic bricolage. (Transgender, style, gender, voice, pitch, sibilants)
A safe area search and map building algorithm for a wheeled mobile robot in complex unknown cluttered environments
Authors: Savkin Andrey V. , Li Hang 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYIn this paper, a safe map building and area search algorithm for a mobile robot in a closed unknown environment with obstacles is presented. A range finder sensor is used to detect the environment. The objective is to perform a complete search of the environment and build a complete map of it while avoiding collision with the obstacles. The developed robot navigation algorithm is randomized. It is proved that with probability 1 the robot completes its task in a finite time. Computer simulations and experiments with a real Pioneer-3DX robot confirm the performance of the proposed method.
On the tree-likeness of hyperbolic spaces
Authors: HAMANN MATTHIAS 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInside any proper hyperbolic geodesic spaceXwe construct a rooted topological${\mathbb R}$-treeTthat reflects the geometry ofXin the following sense. All rays inTare quasi-geodesic inX. Every geodesic ray inXlies eventually close to a ray ofT. The embedding ofTinXextends continuously to their boundaries in a finite-to-one way, the number of boundary points ofTmapping to a given boundary point ofXbeing bounded if the (Assouad) dimension of the boundary ofXis finite.
The Losing Media? An Empirical Study of Defamation Litigation in China
Authors: He Xin , Lin Fen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFollowing a well-established research tradition on court decisions, this study analyses 524 defamation cases in China from 1993 to 2013, explores the media's success possibilities, and investigates the role of party capacity, political influence and the medium effect. Contrary to the existing assertions, we find that the media are not necessarily losing. On average, from 1993 to 2013, the success rate of news media in Chinese defamation courts was 42 per cent, and this rate has been increasing since 2005. We also find that government officials and Party organs had consistent advantages in court, while ordinary plaintiffs, magazines and websites had less success. The medium of the media (i.e. print, broadcast, internet) makes a difference, as do the government policies governing the media. In addition, local protectionism exists, but it is less rampant than expected. These findings compel us to rethink the dynamics among the media, the courts and the state, and their implications on China's institutional resilience.
Adaptive management for the sustainable exploitation of lagoon resources in remote islands: lessons from a massive El Niño-induced giant clam bleaching event in the Tuamotu atolls (French Polynesia)
Authors: ANDRÉFOUËT SERGE , VAN WYNSBERGE SIMON , KABBADJ LINA , WABNITZ COLETTE C.C. , MENKES CHRISTOPHE , TAMATA THIERRY , PAHUATINI MICHEL , TETAIREKIE IOTEFA , TEAKA IOSUA , SCHA TEIKI AH , TEAKA TAIHOPU , REMOISSENET GEORGES 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYSmall-scale mariculture of high-value species for trade in remote islands can offer valuable alternative livelihoods to local communities. The endangered giant clam speciesTridacna maximais naturally abundant in some atolls in French Polynesia (FP) and has been the focus of commercial mariculture activities since 2012. Shortly after spat collectors became operational in two atoll lagoons, FP rose to become one of the main exporters of giant clams for the aquarium trade. However, this activity has been threatened recently by a mass clam-bleaching event triggered by the 2015–2016 El Niño. This study reviews the roles that international (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) and national regulatory frameworks play in the development of this activity in a small island context, and how they can indirectly promote better science and monitoring in order to inform adaptive management strategies. The links between the nine main groups of stakeholders show the necessary adaptation measures required to mitigate climate-driven mortalities. While this case study remains specific to giant clam farming in FP, general lessons are provided that could help in mitigating economic impacts from climate-related events on other islands.
Civil society in search of a state: Dublin 1898–1922
Authors: WALLACE CIARÁN 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT:A municipal boundary dispute between Dublin's nationalist city council and its independent unionist suburbs in the early twentieth century was symptomatic of a much deeper disagreement over national identity within the United Kingdom. Considering urban councils as the link between the state and local civil society (or subscriber democracy), and using theories proposed by Graeme Morton, R.J. Morris and Norton E. Long, along with illustrative contrasts from municipal behaviour in Edinburgh, this article examines these relationships in Edwardian Dublin. It argues that the modernization of Irish municipal government in 1898 empowered Dublin in unforeseen ways. By amplifying existing divergent identities, and providing a platform for the nascent Irish state, municipal government reforms contributed significantly to the break-up of the UK in 1922.
Do the most skillful managers herd?
Authors: ALDA MERCEDES 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes whether herding and skillful managers may coexist. When herding appears, managers tend to present poor timing abilities; however, a weak herding level (a result commonly found in pension funds) may evidence a mixed scenario, where some managers develop skills, and others follow the herd. Additionally, when informational cascades emerge, some managers may act as leaders, anticipating others’ movements. Nonetheless, this anticipatory skill does not mean that leaders also anticipate market movements and present timing skills. Our results show herding and inter-temporal herding in a sample of Spanish pension funds, though the imitation behavior is not strong. We also find evidence of a mixed scenario, in which some non-herding managers present timing skills, while herding funds are not able to develop these abilities. Finally, we find successful timing for certain leaders, showing that the anticipation of others’ movements does not show real timing abilities.
Does being a foreigner shape judicial behaviour? Evidence from the Constitutional Court of Andorra, 1993–2016
Authors: GAROUPA NUNO 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDifferent personal attributes have been considered to account for judicial policy preferences around the world: ideology, age, gender, race, religion, language and professional background. The appointment of foreign judges is a particularly rare characteristic since most countries do not entertain such a possibility. We use the specific case of the Constitutional Court of Andorra to test the extent to which foreign-appointed judges make a difference, and particularly whether they are more or less inclined to favour local petitioners. An empirical analysis of the entire population of abstract review cases in the period 1993–2016 does not indicate a strong statistical effect.
What approach to property rights?
Authors: MÉNARD CLAUDE 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn his rich contribution, Arruñada (2017) debates what institutions are needed to enforce complex ‘sequential’ transactions embedded in interdependent private contracts, and more specifically discusses the conditions of their efficiency when it comes to transferring property. Beyond acknowledging the importance of this issue and the very stimulating and often counterintuitive ideas developed in the paper, this short note challenges some of the positions adopted by Arruñada, particularly regarding the relevance of ‘The problem of social cost’ (Coase, 1960) for dealing with this issue. It also raises questions about the institutional, hybrid arrangement advocated as the solution for dealing with sequential transactions.
Taking an intersectional approach to define latent classes of socioeconomic status, ethnicity and migration status for psychiatric epidemiological research
Authors: Goodwin L. , Gazard B. , Aschan L. , MacCrimmon S. , Hotopf M. , Hatch S. L. 
Published: April 2017

Aims.Inequalities in mental health are well documented using individual social statuses such as socioeconomic status (SES), ethnicity and migration status. However, few studies have taken an intersectional approach to investigate inequalities in mental health using latent class analysis (LCA). This study will examine the association between multiple indicator classes of social identity with common mental disorder (CMD).Methods.Data on CMD symptoms were assessed in a diverse inner London sample of 1052 participants in the second wave of the South East London Community Health study. LCA was used to define classes of social identity using multiple indicators of SES, ethnicity and migration status. Adjusted associations between CMD and both individual indicators and multiple indicators of social identity are presented.Results.LCA identified six groups that were differentiated by varying levels of privilege and disadvantage based on multiple SES indicators. This intersectional approach highlighted nuanced differences in odds of CMD, with the economically inactive group with multiple levels of disadvantage most likely to have a CMD. Adding ethnicity and migration status further differentiated between groups. The migrant, economically inactive and White British, economically inactive classes both had increased odds of CMD.Conclusions.This is the first study to examine the intersections of SES, ethnicity and migration status with CMD using LCA. Results showed that both the migrant, economically inactive and the White British, economically inactive classes had a similarly high prevalence of CMD. Findings suggest that LCA is a useful methodology for investigating health inequalities by intersectional identities.
Peace of Mind, Academic Motivation, and Academic Achievement in Filipino High School Students
Authors: Datu Jesus Alfonso D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRecent literature has recognized the advantageous role of low-arousal positive affect such as feelings of peacefulness and internal harmony in collectivist cultures. However, limited research has explored the benefits of low-arousal affective states in the educational setting. The current study examined the link of peace of mind (PoM) to academic motivation (i.e., amotivation, controlled motivation, and autonomous motivation) and academic achievement among 525 Filipino high school students. Findings revealed that PoM was positively associated with academic achievement β = .16, p < .05, autonomous motivation β = .48, p < .001, and controlled motivation β = .25, p < .01. As expected, PoM was negatively related to amotivation β = –.19, p < .05, and autonomous motivation was positively associated with academic achievement β = .52, p < .01. Furthermore, the results of bias-corrected bootstrap analyses at 95% confidence interval based on 5,000 bootstrapped resamples demonstrated that peace of mind had an indirect influence on academic achievement through the mediating effects of autonomous motivation. In terms of the effect sizes, the findings showed that PoM explained about 1% to 18% of the variance in academic achievement and motivation. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are elucidated.
Differences in the utilisation of active power in squat and countermovement jumps
Authors: Ferraro Damián , Fábrica Gabriel 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe aim of this article was to understand how active power is used in squat and countermovement jumps. A simple empirical model comprising a mass, a spring, an active element and a damper, together with an optimisation principle, was used to identify the mechanical factors that maximise performance of jumps without countermovement (squat jumps, SJ) and with countermovement (CMJ). Twelve amateur volleyball players performed SJ from two initial positions and CMJ with two degrees of counterbalancing, while kinematic data were collected (jump height, push‐off duration and position of the centre of mass). The model adjusted well to real data of SJ through all the impulse phase, and slightly less adequately at the end of this phase for CMJ. Nevertheless, it provides a satisfactory explanation for the generation and utilisation of active power for both type of jumps. On average, the estimated power of the active elements, the spring, and the damper were greater in the SJ. Based upon the result obtained with this model, we suggest that active power is best evaluated with SJ. The reason for this is that, during this kind of jump, the elements associated with the damper consume much of the energy produced by the active elements. The participation of the elements that consume the energy generated by the active elements is less in CMJ than in SJ, allowing for a better utilisation of this energy. In this way it is possible to achieve a better performance in CMJ with less active power.
Chemoreceptor pleiotropy facilitates the functional coupling of the synthesis and perception of mating pheromones
Authors: Zelle Kathleen M. , Vernier Cassondra , Leitner Nicole , Liang Xitong , Halloran Sean , Millar Jocelyn G. , Ben-Shahar Yehuda 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTOptimal mating decisions depend on stable signaling systems because any independent changes in either the signal or its perception could carry a fitness cost. However, since the perception and production of specific mating signals are often mediated by different tissues and cell types, the genetic and cellular mechanisms that drive and maintain their coupling on the evolutionary and physiological timescales remain unknown for most animal species. Here, we show that inDrosophila melanogaster, sensory perception and synthesis of an inhibitory mating pheromone is regulated by the action ofGr8a, a member of theGustatory receptorgene family. Particularly,Gr8aacts as a pheromone chemoreceptor in the sensory system of males and females, and, independently regulates pheromone synthesis in the male fat body and oenocytes. These data provide a relatively simple molecular explanation for how genetic coupling allows for the robust and stable flow of social information at the population level.
Data-driven Assessment of Structural Image Quality
Authors: Rosen Adon F. G. , Roalf David R. , Ruparel Kosha , Blake Jason , Seelaus Kevin , Villa Lakshmi P. , Ciric Rastko , Cook Philip A. , Davatzikos Christos , Elliott Mark A. , de La Garza Angel Garcia , Gennatas Efstathios D. , Quarmley Megan , Schmitt J. Eric , Shinohara Russell T. , Tisdall M. Dylan , Craddock R. Cameron , Gur Raquel E. , Gur Ruben C. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTData quality is increasingly recognized as one of the most important confounding factors in brain imaging research. It is particularly important for studies of brain development, where age is systematically related to in-scanner motion and data quality. Prior work has demonstrated that in-scanner head motion biases estimates of structural neuroimaging measures. However, objective measures of data quality are not available for most structural brain images. Here we sought to identify quantitative measures of data quality for T1-weighted volumes, describe how such measures of quality relate to cortical thickness, and delineate how this in turn may bias inference regarding associations with age in youth. Three highly-trained raters provided manual ratings of 1,840 raw T1-weighted volumes. These images included a training set of 1,065 images from Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC), a test set of 533 images from the PNC, as well as an external test set of 242 adults acquired on a different scanner. Manual ratings were compared to automated quality measures provided by the Preprocessed Connectomes Project’s Quality Assurance Protocol (QAP), as well as FreeSurfer’s Euler number, which summarizes the topological complexity of the reconstructed cortical surface. Results revealed that the Euler number was consistently correlated with manual ratings across samples. Furthermore, the Euler number could be used to identify images scored “unusable” by human raters with a high degree of accuracy (AUC: 0.98-0.99), and outperformed proxy measures from functional timeseries acquired in the same scanning session. The Euler number also was significantly related to cortical thickness in a regionally heterogeneous pattern that was consistent across datasets and replicated prior results. Finally, data quality both inflated and obscured associations with age during adolescence. Taken together, these results indicate that reliable measures of data quality can be automatically derived from T1-weighted volumes, and that failing to control for data quality can systematically bias the results of studies of brain maturation.
Tissue adaptation: implications for gut immunity and tolerance
Authors: Faria Ana M. C. , Reis Bernardo S. , Mucida Daniel 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTissue adaptation is an intrinsic component of immune cell development, influencing both resistance to pathogens and tolerance. Chronically stimulated surfaces of the body, in particular the gut mucosa, are the major sites where immune cells traffic and reside. Their adaptation to these environments requires constant discrimination between natural stimulation coming from harmless microbiota and food, and pathogens that need to be cleared. This review will focus on the adaptation of lymphocytes to the gut mucosa, a highly specialized environment that can help us understand the plasticity of leukocytes arriving at various tissue sites and how tissue-related factors operate to shape immune cell fate and function.
Faucet: streaming de novo assembly graph construction
Authors: Rozov Roye , Goldshlager Gil , Halperin Eran , Shamir Ron 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMotivationWe present Faucet, a 2-pass streaming algorithm for assembly graph construction. Faucet builds an assembly graph incrementally as each read is processed. Thus, reads need not be stored locally, as they can be processed while downloading data and then discarded. We demonstrate this functionality by performing streaming graph assembly of publicly available data, and observe that the ratio of disk use to raw data size decreases as coverage is increased.ResultsFaucet pairs the de Bruijn graph obtained from the reads with additional meta-data derived from them. We show these metadata - coverage counts collected at junction k-mers and connections bridging between junction pairs - contain most salient information needed for assembly, and demonstrate they enable cleaning of metagenome assembly graphs, greatly improving contiguity while maintaining accuracy. We compared Faucet’s resource use and assembly quality to state of the art metagenome assemblers, as well as leading resource-efficient genome assemblers. Faucet used orders of magnitude less time and disk space than the specialized metagenome assemblers MetaSPAdes and Megahit, while also improving on their memory use; this broadly matched performance of other assemblers optimizing resource efficiency - namely, Minia and LightAssembler. However, on metagenomes tested, Faucet’s outputs had 14-110% higher mean NGA50 lengths compared to Minia, and 2-11-foldhigher mean NGA50 lengths compared to LightAssembler, the only other streaming assembler available.AvailabilityFaucet is available athttps://github.com/Shamir-Lab/FaucetContactrshamir@tau.ac.il,eranhalperin@gmail.comSupplementary information:Supplementary data are available atBioinformaticsonline.
Elucidating dispersal ecology of reclusive species through genetic analyses of parentage and relatedness: the island night lizard (Xantusia riversiana) as a case study
Authors: Rice Stephen E , Clark Rulon W 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTCharacterizing dispersal and movement patterns are vital to understanding the evolutionary ecology of species. For many reclusive species, such as reptiles, the observation of direct dispersal may be difficult or intractable. However, dispersal distances and patterns may be characterized through indirect genetic methods. We used genetic and capture data from the island night lizard (Xantusia riversiana) to estimate natal dispersal distances through indirect genetic methods, characterize movement and space use patterns, and compare these distances to previous estimates made from more traditional ecological approaches. We found that indirect estimates of natal dispersal were greater than previous field-based estimates of individual displacement of 3-5 m. Parent-offspring differences had a mean of approximately 14 m on Santa Barbara Island (SBI) and 41 m on San Clemente Island (SCI) whereas Wright’s σ was estimated at 16 m on SBI and 20 m for SCI. Spatial autocorrelation with correlograms of Moran’s I revealed large differences in the scale of autocorrelation between islands (SBI=375 m, SCI=1,813 m). Interpretation of these distances as average per generation distance of gene flow was incongruent with parentage analyses and σ. We also used variograms to evaluate the range of spatial autocorrelation among two inter-individual genetic differences. The range of spatial autocorrelation again identified different scales on the two islands (102 - 169 m on SBI and 955 - 1,424 m on SCI). No evidence of sex-biased dispersal was found on either island. However, a permutation logistic regression revealed that related individuals >0.8 years old were more likely to be captured together on both islands. Overall, our findings suggest that field-based estimates of individual displacement within this species may underestimate genetic dispersal. We suggest indirect inferences of natal dispersal distances should focus on parentage analyses and Wright’s σ for parameter estimation of individual movement, whereas the ranges identified by spatial autocorrelation and variograms are likely to be relevant at the metapopulation or patch scales. Furthermore, characterization of capture patterns and relatedness revealed kin-affiliative behavior inX. riversiana, which may be indicative of delayed dispersal and cryptic sociality. These results highlight the power of parentage- and relatedness-based analyses for characterizing aspects of the movement ecology of reclusive species that may be difficult to observe directly. These data can then be leveraged to support future conservation and population modeling efforts and assess extinction risks and management strategies.