bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imidazoline 1 receptor activation preserves respiratory drive in spontaneously breathing newborn rats during dexmedetomidine administration
Authors: Sato Nana , Saiki Chikako , Tamiya Junko , Imai Toshio , Sunada Katsuhisa 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundDexmedetomidine is an alpha‐2 (α2) adrenoceptor and imidazoline 1 (I1) receptor agonist that provides sedation without loss of respiratory drive.AimsThe aim of this study was to elucidate the involvement of α2‐adrenoceptor and I1 receptor in the cardiorespiratory changes induced by dexmedetomidine in spontaneously breathing newborn rats.MethodsAn abdominal catheter to administer drugs and three subcutaneous electrodes to record electrocardiographic data were inserted into 2‐ to 5‐day‐old Wistar rats under isoflurane anesthesia. In individual chambers, each rat was intraperitoneally administered dexmedetomidine (50 μg·kg−1) followed 5 min later by normal saline or 1, 5, or 10 mg·kg−1 atipamezole (selective α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist) or efaroxan (α2‐adrenoceptor/I1 receptor antagonist). Cardiorespiratory indices were recorded before and after drug administration.ResultsThe administration of dexmedetomidine alone resulted in significant changes to most of the cardiorespiratory indices examined. The addition of 5 or 10 mg·kg−1 atipamezole or 1 mg·kg−1 efaroxan completely ameliorated the dexmedetomidine‐associated reduction in heart rate (HR). The addition of 1 mg·kg−1 atipamezole or 1 or 5 mg·kg−1 efaroxan completely ameliorated the dexmedetomidine‐associated reduction in respiratory frequency. Mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI; VT is tidal volume and TI is inspiratory time), which is an index of respiratory drive, was not significantly affected by the administration of dexmedetomidine alone (P = 0.273) or dexmedetomidine + atipamezole (P = 0.605, 0.153, 0.138 for 1, 5, 10 mg·kg−1 atipamezole, respectively); however, it was significantly decreased after the administration of dexmedetomidine + efaroxan (P = 0.029, <0.001, <0.001 for 1, 5, 10 mg·kg−1 efaroxan, respectively).ConclusionsOur results suggest that in newborn rats undergoing dexmedetomidine sedation, the α2‐adrenoceptor, but not I1 receptor, is involved in the regulation of HR and respiratory frequency, and that activation of the I1 receptor plays a major role in the maintenance of respiratory drive.
Saturated genicSNPmapping identified functional candidates and selection tools for thePinus monticola Cr2locus controlling resistance to white pine blister rust
Authors: Liu Jun‐Jun , Sniezko Richard A. , Zamany Arezoo , Williams Holly , Wang Ning , Kegley Angelia , Savin Douglas P. , Chen Hao , Sturrock Rona N. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryMolecular breeding incorporates efficient tools to increase rust resistance in five‐needle pines. Susceptibility of native five‐needle pines to white pine blister rust (WPBR), caused by the non‐native invasive fungusCronartium ribicola(J.C. Fisch.), has significantly reduced wild populations of these conifers in North America. Major resistance (R) genes against specific avirulent pathotypes have been found in several five‐needle pine species. In this study, we screened genicSNPmarkers by comparative transcriptome and genetic association analyses and constructed saturated linkage maps for the western white pine (Pinus monticola) R locus (Cr2). Phenotypic segregation was measured by a hypersensitive reaction (HR)‐like response on the needles and disease symptoms of cankered stems post inoculation by theC. ribicola avcr2race.SNPgenotypes were determined byHRM‐ and TaqMan‐basedSNPgenotyping. Saturated maps of theCr2‐linkage group (LG) were constructed in three seed families using a total of 34SNPmarkers within 21 unique genes.Cr2was consistently flanked by contig_2142 (encoding a ruvb‐like protein) and contig_3772 (encoding a delta‐fatty acid desaturase) across the three seed families.Cr2was anchored to thePinusconsensusLG‐1, which differs fromLGs where other R loci ofPinusspecies were mapped.GOannotation identified a set ofNBS‐LRRand other resistance‐related genes as R candidates in theCr2region. Association of one nonsynonymousSNPlocus of anNBS‐LRRgene withCr2‐mediated phenotypes provides a valuable tool for marker‐assisted selection (MAS), which will shorten the breeding cycle of resistance screening and aid in the restoration ofWPBR‐disturbed forest ecosystems.
Guidelines for sampling bedload transport with minimum uncertainty
Authors: Frings Roy M. , Vollmer Stefan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe stability of river channels and their suitability as habitat for aqueous organisms is strongly controlled by the rate of bedload transport. Quantification of bedload transport rates in rivers is difficult, not only because of the temporal variation in transport, but also because of the cross‐channel variation in transport. The objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the effect of cross‐channel variation in bedload transport on the uncertainty of width‐integrated transport rates; and to use this knowledge (ii) to improve guidelines for bedload sampling. This was done through a thorough statistical evaluation of stochastic and systematic uncertainties involved in bed‐load transport measurements. Based on this evaluation, new guidelines are presented for determination of the number of samples and sampling positions across the channel that are required for bedload measurements in several types of sand‐bed rivers and gravel‐bed rivers. The guidelines relate to bedload measurements made with pressure‐difference (Helley‐Smith type) samplers that require numerous bedload samples of short duration at several positions across the channel. The results show that generally more sampling positions across the channel are required in gravel‐bed rivers than in sand‐bed rivers. For gravel‐bed rivers with unknown cross‐channel distribution of transport, at least 10 sampling positions are recommended, whereas for most sand‐bed rivers five positions suffice. In addition, at least 12 short‐duration samples are required at each position to obtain bedload estimates with uncertainties below 20%. If the same level of uncertainty is desired in the case of high spatial and temporal variation in transport rates, the number of short‐duration samples needed per sampling position increases to 40.
Post‐impact event bed (tsunamite) at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary deposited on a distal carbonate platform interior
Authors: Korbar Tvrtko , McDonald Iain , Premec Fućek Vlasta , Fuček Ladislav , Posilović Hrvoje 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe show crucial evidence for the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–Pg) boundary event recorded within a rare succession deposited in an inner‐platform lagoon on top of a Mesozoic, tropical, intra‐oceanic (western Tethys) Adriatic carbonate platform, which is exposed at Likva cove on the island of Brač (Croatia). The last terminal Maastrichtian fossils appear within a distinct 10–12 cm thick event bed that is characterised by soft‐sediment bioturbation and rare shocked‐quartz grains, and is interpreted as a distal tsunamite. Directly overlying this is a 2 cm thick reddish‐brown clayey mudstone containing planktonic foraminifera typical of the basal Danian, and with elevated platinum‐group elements in chondritic proportions indicating a clear link to the Chicxulub asteroid impact. These results strongly support the first discovery of a “potential” K–Pg boundary tsunamite on the neighbouring island of Hvar, and these two complementary sections represent probably the most complete record of the event among known distal shallow‐marine successions.
A model to estimate the probability of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C infection despite negative nucleic acid testing among increased‐risk organ donors
Authors: Annambhotla Pallavi D. , Gurbaxani Brian M. , Kuehnert Matthew J. , Basavaraju Sridhar V. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn 2013, guidelines were released for reducing the risk of viral bloodborne pathogen transmission through organ transplantation. Eleven criteria were described that result in a donor being designated at increased infectious risk. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission risk from an increased‐risk donor (IRD), despite negative nucleic acid testing (NAT), likely varies based on behavior type and timing.MethodsWe developed a Monte Carlo risk model to quantify probability of HIV among IRDs. The model included NAT performance, viral load dynamics, and per‐act risk of acquiring HIV by each behavior. The model also quantifies the probability of HCV among IRDs by non‐medical intravenous drug use (IVDU).ResultsHighest risk is among donors with history of unprotected, receptive anal male‐to‐male intercourse with partner of unknown HIV status (MSM), followed by sex with an HIV‐infected partner, IVDU, and sex with a commercial sex worker.ConclusionWith NAT screening, the estimated risk of undetected HIV remains small even at 1 day following a risk behavior. The estimated risk for HCV transmission through IVDU is likewise small and decreases quicker with time owing to the faster viral growth dynamics of HCV compared with HIV. These findings may allow for improved organ allocation, utilization, and recipient informed consent.
Prevalence and risk factors for scrub typhus in South India
Authors: Trowbridge Paul , P. Divya , Premkumar Prasanna S. , Varghese George M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and risk factors of scrub typhus in Tamil Nadu, South India.MethodsWe performed a clustered seroprevalence study of the areas around Vellore. All participants completed a risk factor survey, with seropositive and seronegative participants acting as cases and controls, respectively, in a risk factor analysis. After univariate analysis, variables found to be significant underwent multivariate analysis.ResultsOf 721 people participating in this study, 31.8% tested seropositive. By univariate analysis, after accounting for clustering, having a house that was clustered with other houses, having a fewer rooms in a house, having fewer people living in a household, defecating outside, female sex, age >60 years, shorter height, lower weight, smaller body mass index and smaller mid‐upper arm circumference were found to be significantly associated with seropositivity. After multivariate regression modelling, living in a house clustered with other houses, female sex and age >60 years were significantly associated with scrub typhus exposure.ConclusionsOverall, scrub typhus is much more common than previously thought. Previously described individual environmental and habitual risk factors seem to have less importance in South India, perhaps because of the overall scrub typhus‐conducive nature of the environment in this region.
Factors influencing plasma transfusion practices in paediatric intensive care units around the world
Authors: Karam O. , Demaret P. , Duhamel A. , Shefler A. , Spinella P. C. , Tucci M. , Leteurtre S. , Stanworth S. J. ,   the PlasmaTV investigators
Published: February 2017

Background and ObjectivesPlasma transfusions are a frequent treatment worldwide, but many studies have reported a wide variation in the indications to transfuse. Recently, an international paediatric study also showed wide variation in frequency in the use of plasma transfusions: 25% of the centres transfused plasma to >5% of their patients, whereas another 25% transfused plasma to <1% of their patients. The objective of this study was to explore the factors associated with different plasma transfusion practices in these centres.Materials and MethodsOnline survey sent to the local investigators of the 101 participating centres, in February 2016. Four areas were explored: beliefs regarding plasma transfusion, patients’ case‐mix in each unit, unit's characteristics, and local blood product transfusion policies and processes.ResultsThe response rate was 82% (83/101). 43% of the respondents believed that plasma transfusions can arrest bleeding, whereas 27% believe that plasma transfusion can prevent bleeding. Centres with the highest plasma transfusion rate were more likely to think that hypovolaemia and mildly abnormal coagulation tests are appropriate indications for plasma transfusions (P = 0·02 and P = 0·04, respectively). Case‐mix, centre characteristics or local transfusion services were not identified as significant relevant factors.ConclusionFactors influencing plasma transfusion practices reflect beliefs about indications and the efficacy of transfusion in the prevention and management of bleeding as well as effects on coagulation tests. Educational and other initiatives to target these beliefs should be the focus of research.
IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS IN A DOG WITH SPONTANEOUS TRANSMURAL MIGRATION OF A TEXTILOMA INTO THE CECUM
Authors: Anson Agustina , Carrillo Juana D. , Bayon Alejandro , Escobar Maria Teresa , Seva Juan , Agut Amalia 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA 3‐year‐old spayed female dog was presented with 3‐month history of severe bilateral uveitis subsequent to previous ovariohysterectomy. Physical examination revealed moderate abdominal pain. Computed tomography showed a nonobstructive heterogeneous mass‐like lesion with a speckled gas pattern (spongiform pattern) within the cecum. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a surgical swab in the lumen of the cecum with severe adhesions. Histopathological examination demonstrated a chronic inflammatory pyogranulomatous reaction to the retained swab embedded within the intestinal wall, consistent with transmural migration of the swab from the peritoneal cavity into the cecum.
IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTIPLE VASCULAR ANOMALIES IN A SENIOR DOG WITH LATE‐ONSET REGURGITATION
Authors: Yoon Hakyoung , Kim Jaehwan , Kwon Gi Bum , Lim Jin Hyuk , Eom Kidong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA 10‐year‐old dog weighing 3.4 kg presented with intermittent regurgitation. Esophagography revealed that the thoracic esophagus was compressed dorsally at the region of the fourth intercostal space and segmentally dilated from the second to third intercostal region. Three‐dimensional computed tomographic (CT) angiography confirmed a suspected vascular ring anomaly and also revealed multiple other vascular anomalies. These included aberrant right subclavian artery, absence of bilateral external jugular veins, right‐gastric caval shunt, and a completely duplicated caudal vena cava. Findings supported the use of thoracic CT angiography to rule out additional vascular malformations in dogs with suspected vascular ring anomaly.
Third‐ and fifth‐order finite volume schemes for advection–diffusion equation with variable coefficients in semi‐infinite domain
Authors: Gharehbaghi Amin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn the present paper, a novel numerical model based on the finite volume method is established to predict a time‐dependent, one‐dimensional, advection‐diffusion equation with variable coefficients in a semi‐infinite domain. The third‐and fifth‐order schemes are employed to solve the above‐mentioned equation. Totally, two dispersion problems are used to simulate various conditions as follows: (i) solute dispersion along steady flow through inhomogeneous domain and (ii) solute dispersion along temporally dependent unsteady flow through inhomogeneous domain. The inhomogeneity of the domain is provided by spatially dependent flow. The uniform node distribution is considered to divide the problem domain into a collection of smaller parts. Analytical solutions proposed in the literature are employed to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the suggested model. Meanwhile, the results of the aforementioned approaches are compared with the performance of the quadratic upstream interpolation for convective kinetics scheme. Lastly, the accuracy of the implemented schemes in developed model are discussed and evaluated.
Use of porous volcanic rocks for the adsorptive removal of copper
Authors: Alemayehu Esayas , Melak Fekadu , Sharma Saroj K. , Van der Bruggen Bart , Lennartz Bernd 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLow‐cost adsorbents, pumice (VPum) and scoria (VSco) were investigated for the removal of Cu(II) as function of various parameters. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of Cd(II) and Ni(II) on the adsorptive removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. Kinetic data showed a trend of fast removal at initial stages, thereby achieving maximum adsorption after 1 h agitation. The adsorption process well explained by pseudo‐second‐order kinetics for both adsorbents. Adsorption capacity were found 1.432 and 1.015 mg/g using VPum and VSco, respectively. This work showed the promising nature of pumice and scoria to effectively remove copper from water.
Correlation between body mass index and quadrupled hamstring tendon autograft size in ACL reconstruction
Authors: Atbaşi Zafer , Erçin Ersin , Erdem Yusuf , Emre Tuluhan , Atilla Halis , Parlak Adem 
Published: February 2017

Purpose: the aim of this study was to assess the relationship of patient weight, height and body mass index (BMI) with the size of the quadrupled hamstring tendon used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.
Methods: from patient records, we retrospectively assessed the weight, height, BMI and graft sizes of 126 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction using a quadrupled hamstring tendon autograft between January 2010 and January 2013 at our institution. The data obtained from perioperative measurements were studied using correlation analysis.
Results: statistically significant relationships were found between patient height and graft diameter (p = 0.033, r = 0.19) and between patient weight and graft diameter (p < 0.0001, r = 0.33). No statistically significant relationships were found between graft diameter and BMI or between graft length and patient height, weight and BMI (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: patient height and weight were found to be related to quadrupled hamstring graft diameter in our patient population. BMI was not related to the quadrupled hamstring graft size. The exact size of the graft cannot be predicted preoperatively on the basis of these variables.
Level of evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Use of tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Marra Francesco , Rosso Federica , Bruzzone Matteo , Bonasia Davide , Dettoni Federico , Rossi Roberto 
Published: February 2017

Purpose: different strategies have been developed to reduce blood loss in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The efficacy of both systemic and local tranexamic acid (TXA) administration is demonstrated in the literature. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of systemic, local and combined (systemic + local) administration of TXA in reducing blood loss after TKA.
Methods: we enrolled all patients submitted to a primary TKA in our department between November 2014 and August 2015. They were divided into three groups corresponding to the method of TXA administration used: intravenous (IV), intra-articular (IA), and a combination of the two. Demographic data, as well as preoperative hemoglobin and platelet levels, were collected. The primary outcome was the maximum hemoglobin loss, while the secondary outcomes were the amount of blood in the drain (cc/hour) and the rate of transfusions; postoperative pain was also assessed. Student’s t-test or a χ2 test was used to evaluate between-group differences, using p<0.05 as the cut-off for statistically significant differences.
Results: the sample comprised 34 patients: IV, 10 cases; IA, 15 cases, and combined (IV + IA), 9 cases. The average age of the patients was 71.1±6.4 years. No significant differences in the outcome measures were found between the groups, with the exception of a significantly lower maximum hemoglobin loss in the combined versus the IV group (p=0.02). There were no differences between the groups in the amount of blood in the drain or the rate of transfusions.
Conclusions: the data from this preliminary study, as well as data from the literature, confirm that TXA administration is safe and effective in reducing total blood loss in TKA, and no administration protocol seems to be superior to the others.
Level of evidence: Level II, prospective comparative study.
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: research models
Authors: Petrillo Stefano , Longo Umile , Gulotta Lawrence , Berton Alessandra , Kontaxis Andreas , Wright Timothy , Denaro Vincenzo 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:the past decade has seen a considerable increase in the use of research models to study reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). Nevertheless, none of these models has been shown to completely reflect real in vivo conditions.
Methods: we performed a systematic review of the literature matching the following key words: “reverse total shoulder arthroplasty” or “reverse total shoulder replacement” or “reverse total shoulder prosthesis” and “research models” or “biomechanical models” or “physical simulators” or “virtual simulators”. The following databases were screened: Medline, Google Scholar, EMBASE, CINAHIL and Ovid. We identified and included all articles reporting research models of any kind, such as physical or virtual simulators, in which RTSA and the glenohumeral joint were reproduced.
Results: computer models and cadaveric models are the most commonly used, and they were shown to be reliable in simulating in vivo conditions. Bone substitute models have been used in a few studies.Mechanical testing machines provided useful information on stability factors in RTSA.
Conclusions: because of the limitations of each individual model, additional research is required to develop a research model of RTSA that may reduce the limitations of those presently available, and increase the reproducibility of this technique in the clinical setting.
Winged scapula caused by rhomboid paralysis: a case report
Authors: Benedetti Maria , Zati Alessandro , Stagni Silvia , Fusaro Isabella , Monesi Roberta , Rotini Roberto 
Published: February 2017

Scapular winging secondary to dorsal scapular nerve (DSN) damage is an underestimated condition. It is often caused by entrapment of the nerve due to a hypertrophic middle scalene muscle, or by stretching of the DSN during traumatic movements. The condition has also been attributed to myofascial pain syndrome of the rhomboids with entrapment of the DSN. The non-specific symptomatology reported by patients is often incorrectly diagnosed, and this can
result in a high level of disability of the upper limb.A clinical case of misdiagnosed dorsal scapula entrapment is presented. Satisfactory shoulder function recovery, pain relief and reduction of disability were obtained after correct diagnosis of the condition and a comprehensive rehabilitation approach.