bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Four-Gene Promoter Methylation Marker Panel Consisting of GREM1, NEURL, LAD1, and NEFH Predicts Survival of Clear Cell Renal Cell Cancer Patients
Authors: van Vlodrop Iris J.H. , Joosten Sophie C. , De Meyer Tim , Smits Kim M. , Van Neste Leander , Melotte Veerle , Baldewijns Marcella M.L.L. , Schouten Leo J. , van den Brandt Piet A. , Jeschke Jana , Yi Joo Mi , Schuebel Kornel E. , Ahuja Nita , Herman James G. , Aarts Maureen J. , Bosman Fred T. , Van Criekinge Wim , van Engeland Manon 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Purpose: The currently used prognostic models for patients with nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are based on clinicopathologic features and might be improved by adding molecular markers. Epigenetic alterations occur frequently in ccRCC and are promising biomarkers. The aim of this study is to identify prognostic promoter methylation markers for ccRCC.
Experimental Design: We integrated data generated by massive parallel sequencing of methyl-binding domain enriched DNA and microarray-based RNA expression profiling of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine–treated ccRCC cell lines to comprehensively characterize the ccRCC methylome. A selection of the identified methylation markers was evaluated in two independent series of primary ccRCC (n = 150 and n = 185) by methylation-specific PCR. Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to estimate cause-specific survival. HRs and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. To assess the predictive capacity and fit of models combining several methylation markers, HarrellC statistic and the Akaike Information Criterion were used.
Results: We identified four methylation markers, that is, GREM1, NEURL, LAD1, and NEFH, that individually predicted prognosis of patients with ccRCC. The four markers combined were associated with poorer survival in two independent patient series (HR, 3.64; 95% CI, 1.02–13.00 and HR, 7.54; 95% CI, 2.68–21.19). These findings were confirmed in a third series of ccRCC cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (HR, 3.60; 95% CI, 2.02–6.40).
Conclusions: A four-gene promoter methylation marker panel consisting of GREM1, NEURL, LAD1, and NEFH predicts outcome of patients with ccRCC and might be used to improve current prognostic models. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 2006–18. ©2016 AACR.
Glycerophosphocholine Metabolites and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adolescents
Authors: Syme Catriona , Czajkowski Simon , Shin Jean , Abrahamowicz Michal , Leonard Gabriel , Perron Michel , Richer Louis , Veillette Suzanne , Gaudet Daniel , Strug Lisa , Wang Yun , Xu Hongbin , Taylor Graeme , Paus Tomas , Bennett Steffany , Pausova Zdenka 
Published: October 2016

Background:Glycerophosphocholine (GPC) metabolites modulate atherosclerosis and thus risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Preclinical CVD may start during adolescence. Here, we used targeted serum lipidomics to identify a new panel of GPCs, and tested whether any of these GPCs are associated, in adolescence, with classical risk factors of CVD, namely excess visceral fat (VF), elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance, and atherogenic dyslipidemia.Methods:We studied a population-based sample of 990 adolescents (12–18 years, 48% male), as part of the Saguenay Youth Study. Using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, we identified 69 serum GPCs within the 450 to 680m/zrange. We measured VF with MRI.Results:We identified several novel GPCs that were associated with multiple CVD risk factors. Most significantly, PC16:0/2:0 was negatively associated with VF (P=1.4×10–19), blood pressure (P=7.7×10–5), and fasting triacylglycerols (P=9.0×10–5), and PC14:1/0:0 was positively associated with VF (P=3.0×10–7), fasting insulin (P=5.4×10–32), and triacylglycerols (P=1.4×10–29). The Sobel test of mediation revealed that both GPCs mediated their respective relations between VF (as a potential primary exposure) and CVD risk factors (as outcomes,Pvalues<1.3×10–3). Furthermore, a GPC shown recently to predict incident coronary heart disease in older adults, PC18:2/0:0, was associated with several CVD risk factors in adolescents; these associations were less strong than those with the newly identified GPCs.Conclusions:We identified novel GPCs strongly associated with multiple CVD risk factors in adolescents. These GPCs may be sensitive indicators of obesity-related risk for CVD outcomes in adults, and may improve biological understanding of CVD risk.
Anterior Temporal Lobe Tracks the Formation of Prejudice
Authors: Spiers Hugo J. , Love Bradley C. , Le Pelley Mike E. , Gibb Charlotte E. , Murphy Robin A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Despite advances in understanding the brain structures involved in the expression of stereotypes and prejudice, little is known about the brain structures involved in their acquisition. Here, we combined fMRI, a task involving learning the valence of different social groups, and modeling of the learning process involved in the development of biases in thinking about social groups that support prejudice. Participants read descriptions of valenced behaviors performed by members of novel social groups, with majority groups being more frequently encountered during learning than minority groups. A model-based fMRI analysis revealed that the anterior temporal lobe tracked the trial-by-trial changes in the valence associated with each group encountered in the task. Descriptions of behavior by group members that deviated from the group average (i.e., prediction errors) were associated with activity in the left lateral PFC, dorsomedial PFC, and lateral anterior temporal cortex. Minority social groups were associated with slower acquisition rates and more activity in the ventral striatum and ACC/dorsomedial PFC compared with majority groups. These findings provide new insights into the brain regions that (a) support the acquisition of prejudice and (b) detect situations in which an individual's behavior deviates from the prejudicial attitude held toward their group.
The Effects of Probe Similarity on Retrieval and Comparison Processes in Associative Recognition
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Walsh Matthew M. , Anderson John R. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the information processing stages underlying associative recognition. We recorded EEG data while participants performed a task that involved deciding whether a probe word triple matched any previously studied triple. We varied the similarity between probes and studied triples. According to a model of associative recognition developed in the Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational cognitive architecture, probe similarity affects the duration of the retrieval stage: Retrieval is fastest when the probe is similar to a studied triple. This effect may be obscured, however, by the duration of the comparison stage, which is fastest when the probe is not similar to the retrieved triple. Owing to the opposing effects of probe similarity on retrieval and comparison, overall RTs provide little information about each stage's duration. As such, we evaluated the model using a novel approach that decomposes the EEG signal into a sequence of latent states and provides information about the durations of the underlying information processing stages. The approach uses a hidden semi-Markov model to identify brief sinusoidal peaks (called bumps) that mark the onsets of distinct cognitive stages. The analysis confirmed that probe type has opposite effects on retrieval and comparison stages.
Adaptive Adolescent Flexibility: Neurodevelopment of Decision-making and Learning in a Risky Context
Authors: McCormick Ethan M. , Telzer Eva H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractResearch on adolescence has largely focused on the particular biological and neural changes that place teens at risk for negative outcomes linked to increases in sensation-seeking and risky behavior. However, there is a growing interest in the adaptive function of adolescence, with work highlighting the dual nature of adolescence as a period of potential risk and opportunity. We examined how behavioral and neural sensitivity to risk and reward varies as a function of age using the Balloon Analog Risk Task. Seventy-seven children and adolescents (ages 8–17 years) completed the Balloon Analog Risk Task during an fMRI session. Results indicate that adolescents show greater learning throughout the task. Furthermore, older participants showed increased neural responses to reward in the OFC and ventral striatum, increased activation to risk in the mid-cingulate cortex, as well as increased functional OFC–medial PFC coupling in both risk and reward contexts. Age-related changes in regional activity and interregional connectivity explain the link between age and increases in flexible learning. These results support the idea that adolescents' sensitivity to risk and reward supports adaptive learning and behavioral approaches for reward acquisition.
Differential Effects of Encoding Instructions on Brain Activity Patterns of Item and Associative Memory
Authors: Becker Nina , Kalpouzos Grégoria , Persson Jonas , Laukka Erika J. , Brehmer Yvonne 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests a critical role of hippocampus and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in associative relative to item encoding. Here, we investigated similarities and differences in functional brain correlates for associative and item memory as a function of encoding instruction. Participants received either incidental (animacy judgments) or intentional encoding instructions while fMRI was employed during the encoding of associations and items. In a subsequent recognition task, memory performance of participants receiving intentional encoding instructions was higher compared with those receiving incidental encoding instructions. Furthermore, participants remembered more items than associations, regardless of encoding instruction. Greater brain activation in the left anterior hippocampus was observed for intentionally compared with incidentally encoded associations, although activity in this region was not modulated by the type of instruction for encoded items. Furthermore, greater activity in the left anterior hippocampus and left IFG was observed during intentional associative compared with item encoding. The same regions were related to subsequent memory of intentionally encoded associations and were thus task relevant. Similarly, connectivity of the anterior hippocampus to the right superior temporal lobe and IFG was uniquely linked to subsequent memory of intentionally encoded associations. Our study demonstrates the differential involvement of anterior hippocampus in intentional relative to incidental associative encoding. This finding likely reflects that the intent to remember triggers a specific binding process accomplished by this region.
Surgical Site Infections in Major Head and Neck Surgeries Involving Pedicled Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Goyal Neerav , Yarlagadda Bharat B. , Deschler Daniel G. , Emerick Kevin S. , Lin Derrick T. , Rich Debbie L. , Rocco James W. , Durand Marlene L. 
Published: October 2016

Objective: To evaluate surgical site infections (SSI) after pedicled reconstruction in head and neck surgery. Methods: Records of patients with pedicled flap reconstructions between 2009 and 2014 at Massachusetts Eye and Ear were reviewed. Onset of SSI or fistula ≤30 days postoperatively was noted. A free flap cohort was reviewed for comparison. Results: Two hundred and eight pedicled reconstructions were performed for cancer (83%), osteoradionecrosis (7%), and other reasons (10%). Most (72%) cases were clean-contaminated and American Society of Anesthesiologists classification 3 or higher (73%); 63% of patients had prior radiation. The SSIs occurred in 9.1% and were associated with a longer length of stay ( P = .004) but no particular risk factors. Seventeen patients developed a fistula (11 without SSI). The SSI rates were not significantly different between pedicled and free flaps, but pedicled flap patients were older, more likely to have had prior surgery and/or radiation, and be methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus positive. In the combined population, multivariate analysis demonstrated clean-contaminated wound classification ( P = .03), longer operating time ( P = .03), and clindamycin prophylaxis ( P = .009) as SSI risk factors. Conclusions: The SSI rate following pedicled flap surgeries was low and similar to free flap surgeries despite a significantly different population. No specific risk factors were associated with developing a pedicled flap SSI.
Correction of Hammertoe Deformity With Novel Intramedullary PIP Fusion Device Versus K-Wire Fixation
Authors: Richman Seth H. , Siqueira Marcelo Bogliolo Piancastelli , McCullough Kirk A. , Berkowitz Mark J. 
Published: October 2016

Background: K-wire fixation has been the most common method of fixation for hammertoe deformity. However intramedullary devices are gaining ground in both number of available choices and in procedures performed. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of hammertoe correction performed with K-wire fixation versus a novel intramedullary fusion device (CannuLink). Methods: A retrospective review of hammertoe correction by a single surgeon was performed from June 2011 to December 2013. Sixty patients (95 toes) underwent K-wire fixation and 39 patients (54 toes) underwent fusion with the CannuLink implant. Average age was 61.7 years and 61.4 years, respectively. Average length of follow-up was 12.9 and 12.3 months, respectively. Patients were evaluated for medical comorbidities, smoking status, inflammatory arthritis, peripheral vascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, pre- and postoperative visual analog pain scale, bony union percentage, revision rate, complications (hardware and surgery-related), and persistent symptoms at last follow-up. There was no significant difference in demographics or comorbidities between the 2 groups ( P > .05). Results: In the K-wire group, 16 patients (18 toes) remained symptomatic at last follow-up (27%). Nine toes (9.5%) had recurrent deformity, 3 toes (3%) developed a late infection because of the recurrent deformity, and 1 toe (1%) developed partial numbness. One patient suffered a calf deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and peroneal nerve neuritis, 1 patient developed foot drop, and 3 patients continued to complain of pain. Five toes required revision surgery (5.3%). In the intramedullary group, 3 (7.7%) patients remained symptomatic and all were associated with a complication. One patient developed chronic regional pain syndrome in the foot, a calf DVT, and a nonfatal pulmonary embolus. A second patient developed a painless recurrent deformity. A third patient had wound dehiscence. Nobody had hardware failure or required a second operation. Conclusion: The CannuLink intramedullary device for hammertoe correction resulted in fewer complications, only 1 recurrent deformity, and no reoperations compared with K-wire fixation. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
The use of dynamic external fixation in the treatment of dorsal fracture subluxations and pilon fractures of finger proximal interphalangeal joints
Authors: Abou Elatta M. M. , Assal F. , Basheer H. M. , El Morshidy A. F. , Elglaind S. M. , Abdalla M. A. 
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to review the outcome of the treatment of finger proximal interphalangeal joint dorsal fracture subluxations and pilon fractures with a modified external fixator. We treated 36 patients (36 fingers). We assessed the ranges of motion and patient satisfaction. At final follow-up, 23 patients had no pain; 11 had pain in the cold; and two also had mild pain. None had moderate or severe pain. The mean range of proximal interphalangeal joint motion was 86° (60°–100°). The mean total active range of finger motion was 244° (range 200°–265°). This system is simple, cheap and relatively easily applied. It gives stable fixation that allows early mobilization. Level of evidence: IV
DR3 signaling modulates the function of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and the severity of acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Nishikii Hidekazu , Kim Byung-Su , Yokoyama Yasuhisa , Chen Yan , Baker Jeanette , Pierini Antonio , Alvarez Maite , Mavers Melissa , Maas-Bauer Kristina , Pan Yuqiong , Chiba Shigeru , Negrin Robert S. 
Published: October 2016

Key Points
After DR3 activation, CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells showed a distinct immune phenotype and function in acute GVHD. Prophylactic treatment with agonistic DR3 antibody to recipient mice abrogated the lethal acute GVHD in a time-dependent manner.
News from Around the World: The Newspapers of Buenos Aires in the Age of the Submarine Cable, 1866–1900
Authors: Caimari Lila 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis essay examines newspapers in late nineteenth-century Buenos Aires in order to analyze the effects of the submarine telegraph cable. After a brief description of the cable's installation, I analyze how international news was circulated, focusing particularly on the role of Havas, the first European press agency to provide such news to South America. The analysis focuses on two dimensions of the submarine cable's effect: changes in the spatial breadth of news coverage, and the acceleration of news circulation. In critical dialogue with the scholarly literature on this topic, the essay argues that the incorporation of the press into the submarine cable network was part of a long process that introduced extremely fragmented representations of the world and placed new reading demands on South American news consumers.
High-resolution myocardial T
1 mapping using single-shot inversion recovery fast low-angle shot MRI with radial undersampling and iterative reconstruction
Authors: Wang Xiaoqing , Joseph Arun A , Kalentev Oleksandr , Merboldt Klaus-Dietmar , Voit Dirk , Roeloffs Volkert B , van Zalk Maaike , Frahm Jens 
Published: October 2016

Objective:
To develop a novel method for rapid myocardial T 1 mapping at high spatial resolution.

Methods:
The proposed strategy represents a single-shot inversion recovery experiment triggered to early diastole during a brief breath-hold. The measurement combines an adiabatic inversion pulse with a real-time readout by highly undersampled radial FLASH, iterative image reconstruction and T 1 fitting with automatic deletion of systolic frames. The method was implemented on a 3-T MRI system using a graphics processing unit-equipped bypass computer for online application. Validations employed a T 1 reference phantom including analyses at simulated heart rates from 40 to 100 beats per minute. In vivo applications involved myocardial T 1 mapping in short-axis views of healthy young volunteers.

Results:
At 1-mm in-plane resolution and 6-mm section thickness, the inversion recovery measurement could be shortened to 3 s without compromising T 1 quantitation. Phantom studies demonstrated T 1 accuracy and high precision for values ranging from 300 to 1500 ms and up to a heart rate of 100 beats per minute. Similar results were obtained in vivo yielding septal T 1 values of 1246 ± 24 ms (base), 1256 ± 33 ms (mid-ventricular) and 1288 ± 30 ms (apex), respectively (mean ± standard deviation, n = 6).

Conclusion:
Diastolic myocardial T 1 mapping with use of single-shot inversion recovery FLASH offers high spatial resolution, T 1 accuracy and precision, and practical robustness and speed.

Advances in knowledge:
The proposed method will be beneficial for clinical applications relying on native and post-contrast T 1 quantitation.
Defining the fracture population in a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Handoll H. H. G. , Brealey S. D. , Jefferson L. , Keding A. , Brooksbank A. J. , Johnstone A. J. , Candal-Couto J. J. , Rangan A. 
Published: October 2016

Objectives Accurate characterisation of fractures is essential in fracture management trials. However, this is often hampered by poor inter-observer agreement. This article describes the practicalities of defining the fracture population, based on the Neer classification, within a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial in which surgical treatment was compared with non-surgical treatment in adults with displaced fractures of the proximal humerus involving the surgical neck. Methods The trial manual illustrated the Neer classification of proximal humeral fractures. However, in addition to surgical neck displacement, surgeons assessing patient eligibility reported on whether either or both of the tuberosities were involved. Anonymised electronic versions of baseline radiographs were sought for all 250 trial participants. A protocol, data collection tool and training presentation were developed and tested in a pilot study. These were then used in a formal assessment and classification of the trial fractures by two independent senior orthopaedic shoulder trauma surgeons. Results Two or more baseline radiographic views were obtained for each participant. The independent raters confirmed that all fractures would have been considered for surgery in contemporaneous practice. A full description of the fracture population based on the Neer classification was obtained. The agreement between the categorisation at baseline (tuberosity involvement) and Neer classification as assessed by the two raters was only fair (kappa 0.29). However, this disparity did not appear to affect trial findings, specifically in terms of influencing the effect of treatment on the primary outcome of the trial. Conclusions A key reporting requirement, namely the description of the fracture population, was achieved within the context of a pragmatic multicentre randomised clinical trial. This article provides important guidance for researchers designing similar trials on fracture management. Cite this article: H. H. G. Handoll, S. D. Brealey, L. Jefferson, A. Keding, A. J. Brooksbank, A. J. Johnstone, J. J. Candal-Couto, A. Rangan. Defining the fracture population in a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial: PROFHER and the Neer classification of proximal humeral fractures.Bone Joint Res 2016;5:481–489. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.510.BJR-2016-0132.R1.
Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy Mapping of Porous Coatings Obtained on Titanium by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in a Solution Containing Concentrated Phosphoric Acid with Copper Nitrate
Authors: Rokosz K. , Hryniewicz T. , Dudek Ł. , Schütz A. , Heeg J. , Wienecke M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The SEM and EDS study results of coatings obtained on titanium by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) in the electrolytes containing of 600 g copper nitrate in 1 liter of concentrated phosphoric acid at 450 V for 1 and 3 minutes, are presented. The obtained coatings are porous and consist mainly of phosphorus within titanium and copper. It was found that the time of PEO oxidation has impact on the chemical composition of the coatings. The longer time of PEO treatment, the higher amount of copper inside coating. The PEO oxidation of titanium for 1 minute has resulted in the creation of coating, on which 3 phases where found, which contained up to 13.4 wt% (9 at%) of copper inside the phosphate structure. In case of 1 minute PEO treatment of titanium, the 2 phases were found, which contained up to 13 wt% (8 at%) of copper inside the phosphate structure. The copper-to-phosphorus ratios after 1 minute processing belong to the range from 0.28 by wt% (0.14 by at%) to 0.47 by wt% (0.23 by at%), while after 3 minutes the same ratios belong to the range from 0.27 by wt% (0.13 by at%) to 0.35 by wt% (0.17 by at%). In summary, it should be stated that the higher amounts of phosphorus and copper were recorded on titanium after PEO oxidation for 3 minutes than these after 1 minute.