bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptom Relief and Retreatment After Vaginal, Open, or Robotic Surgery for Apical Vaginal Prolapse
Authors: Anand Mallika , Weaver Amy L. , Fruth Kristin M. , Trabuco Emanuel C. , Gebhart John B. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives
The aim of this work was to determine the degree of symptom relief and survival free of retreatment after Mayo-McCall culdoplasty (MMC), open abdominal sacrocolpopexy (ASC), and robotic sacrocolpopexy (RSC) for posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse.

Methods
We retrospectively studied patients who had undergone surgery for posthysterectomy apical vaginal prolapse from January 1, 2000, through June 30, 2012, at our institution. Baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes were abstracted from electronic health records. Cross-sectional data for current pelvic floor symptoms were collected by using validated questionnaires. Survival free of retreatment was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. To account for selection bias, adjusted analyses using inverse probability weighting (IPW) were performed to compare outcomes for MMC versus ASC, MMC versus RSC, and ASC versus RSC.

Results
Of 512 patients, 337 completed at least a validated or abbreviated questionnaire. Among MMC, ASC, and RSC groups, overall Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory 20, Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire Short Form 7, and Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire 12 summary scores were not significantly different. There was no significant difference in 5-year survival free of retreatment for MMC (94.0%) versus RSC (95.5%) and ASC (94.8%) versus RSC (92.1%). However, patients who had MMC were more likely to have retreatment than patients who had ASC during the first 10 years (10-year survival free of retreatment: 81.1% vs 95.4%; hazard ratio, 3.68 [95% confidence interval, 1.51–8.98]); the 10-year data were not available for RSC comparisons, given the later initiation of RSC.

Conclusions
Symptom relief was comparable after MMC, ASC, and RSC. Among all groups, most patients were free of retreatment for prolapse at 5 years. Between the MMC and ASC groups, survival free of retreatment (%) within 10 years was still favorable, but ASC had greater durability, particularly after accounting for selection bias.
Control methods for localization of nonlinear waves
Authors: Porubov Alexey , Andrievsky Boris 
Published: January 2017

A general form of a distributed feedback control algorithm based on the speed–gradient method is developed. The goal of the control is to achieve nonlinear wave localization. It is shown by example of the sine-Gordon equation that the generation and further stable propagation of a localized wave solution of a single nonlinear partial differential equation may be obtained independently of the initial conditions. The developed algorithm is extended to coupled nonlinear partial differential equations to obtain consistent localized wave solutions at rather arbitrary initial conditions.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Horizons of cybernetical physics’.
Finding limiting possibilities of thermodynamic systems by optimization
Authors: Sieniutycz Stanislaw , Tsirlin Anatoly 
Published: January 2017

We consider typical problems of the field called the finite time thermodynamics (also called the optimization thermodynamics). We also outline selected formal methods applied to solve these problems and discuss some results obtained. It is shown that by introducing constraints imposed on the intensity of fluxes and on the magnitude of coefficients in kinetic equations, it is possible not only to investigate limiting possibilities of thermodynamic systems within the considered class of irreversible processes, but also to state and solve problems whose formulation has no meaning in the class of reversible processes.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Horizons of cybernetical physics’.
Modelling non-equilibrium thermodynamic systems from the speed-gradient principle
Authors: Khantuleva Tatiana A. , Shalymov Dmitry S. 
Published: January 2017

The application of the speed-gradient (SG) principle to the non-equilibrium distribution systems far away from thermodynamic equilibrium is investigated. The options for applying the SG principle to describe the non-equilibrium transport processes in real-world environments are discussed. Investigation of a non-equilibrium system's evolution at different scale levels via the SG principle allows for a fresh look at the thermodynamics problems associated with the behaviour of the system entropy. Generalized dynamic equations for finite and infinite number of constraints are proposed. It is shown that the stationary solution to the equations, resulting from the SG principle, entirely coincides with the locally equilibrium distribution function obtained by Zubarev. A new approach to describe time evolution of systems far from equilibrium is proposed based on application of the SG principle at the intermediate scale level of the system's internal structure. The problem of the high-rate shear flow of viscous fluid near the rigid plane plate is discussed. It is shown that the SG principle allows closed mathematical models of non-equilibrium processes to be constructed.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Horizons of cybernetical physics’.
Locomotion enhances neural encoding of visual stimuli in mouse V1
Authors: Dadarlat Maria C. , Stryker Michael P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNeurons in mouse primary visual cortex (V1) are selective for particular properties of visual stimuli. Locomotion causes a change in cortical state that leaves their selectivity unchanged but strengthens their responses. Both locomotion and the change in cortical state are initiated by projections from the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), the latter through a disinhibitory circuit in V1. The function served by this change in cortical state is unknown. By recording simultaneously from a large number of single neurons in alert mice viewing moving gratings, we investigated the relationship between locomotion and the information contained within the neural population. We found that locomotion improved encoding of visual stimuli in V1 by two mechanisms. First, locomotion-induced increases in firing rates enhanced the mutual information between visual stimuli and single neuron responses over a fixed window of time. Second, stimulus discriminability was improved, even for fixed population firing rates, because of a decrease in noise correlations across the population during locomotion. These two mechanisms contributed differently to improvements in discriminability across cortical layers, with changes in firing rates most important in the upper layers and changes in noise correlations most important in layer V. Together, these changes resulted in a three- to five-fold reduction in the time needed to precisely encode grating direction and orientation. These results support the hypothesis that cortical state shifts during locomotion to accommodate an increased load on the visual system when mice are moving.Significance StatementThis paper contains three novel findings about the representation of information in neurons within the primary visual cortex of the mouse. First, we show that locomotion reduces by at least a factor of three the time needed for information to accumulate in the visual cortex that allows the distinction of different visual stimuli. Second, we show that the effect of locomotion is to increase information in cells of all layers of the visual cortex. Third we show that the means by which information is enhanced by locomotion differs between the upper layers, where the major effect is the increasing of firing rates, and in layer V, where the major effect is the reduction in noise correlations.
Comparison of Principal Component Analysis and t-Stochastic Neighbor Embedding with Distance Metric Modifications for Single-cell RNA-sequencing Data Analysis
Authors: Kwon Haejoon (Ellen) , Fan Jean , Kharchenko Peter 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRecent developments in technological tools such as next generation sequencing along with peaking interest in the study of single cells has enabled single-cell RNA-sequencing, in which whole transcriptomes are analyzed on a single-cell level. Studies, however, have been hindered by the ability to effectively analyze these single cell RNA-seq datasets, due to the high-dimensional nature and intrinsic noise in the data. While many techniques have been introduced to reduce dimensionality of such data for visualization and subpopulation identification, the utility to identify new cellular subtypes in a reliable and robust manner remains unclear. Here, we compare dimensionality reduction visualization methods including principle component analysis and t-stochastic neighbor embedding along with various distance metric modifications to visualize single-cell RNA-seq datasets, and assess their performance in identifying known cellular subtypes. Our results suggest that selecting variable genes prior to analysis on single-cell RNA-seq data is vital to yield reliable classification, and that when variable genes are used, the choice of distance metric modification does not particularly influence the quality of classification. Still, in order to take advantage of all the gene expression information, alternative methods must be used for a reliable classification.
Ecological drivers of jellyfish blooms – the complex life history of a ‘well-known’ medusa (Aurelia aurita)
Authors: Goldstein J. , Steiner U.K. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryJellyfish blooms are conspicuous demographic events with significant ecological and socio-economic impact. Despite worldwide concern about an increased frequency and intensity of such mass occurrences, predicting their booms and busts remains challenging.Forecasting how jellyfish populations may respond to environmental change requires taking into account their complex life histories. Metagenic life cycles, which include a benthic polyp stage, can boost jellyfish mass occurrences via asexual recruitment of pelagic medusae.Here we present stage-structured matrix population models with monthly, individual-based demographic rates of all life stages of the moon jellyfishAurelia aurita(sensu stricto). We investigate the life stage-dynamics of these complex populations under low and high food conditions to illustrate how changes in medusa density depend on non-medusa stage dynamics.We show that increased food availability can be an important ecological driver of jellyfish mass occurrences, as it can temporarily shift the population structure from polyp- to medusa-dominated. Projecting populations for a winter warming scenario additionally enhanced the booms and busts of jellyfish blooms.We identify demographic key variables that control the intensity and frequency of jellyfish blooms in response to environmental drivers such as habitat eutrophication and climate change. By contributing to an improved understanding of mass occurrence phenomena, our findings provide perspective for future management of ecosystem health.
A modified quantum-based particle swarm optimization for engineering inverse problem
Authors: Rehman Obaid Ur , Yang Shiyou , Khan Shafi Ullah 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of standard quantum-based particle swarm optimization (QPSO) methods for solving electromagnetic inverse problems.

Design/methodology/approach
A modified QPSO algorithm is designed.

Findings
The modified QPSO algorithm is an efficient and robust global optimizer for optimizing electromagnetic inverse problems. More specially, the experimental results as reported on different case studies demonstrate that the proposed method can find better final optimal solution at an early stage of the iterating process (uses less iterations) as compared to other tested optimal algorithms.

Originality/value
The modifications include the design of a new position updating formula, the introduction of a new mutation strategy and a dynamic control parameter to intensify the convergence speed of the algorithm.
Predictive speed control with fuzzy compensation of a two-mass drive with friction
Authors: Serkies Piotr , Szabat Krzysztof 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to design and test a linear predictive control algorithm with elements of fuzzy logic in the non-linear speed region of a two-mass system with a flexible shaft.

Design/methodology/approach
To compensate the non-linearity of friction in the low-speed region, the elements of the Q matrix have been retuned with the use of fuzzy logic. First, the influence of the Q matrix on the dynamics of the drive has been discussed. On the basis of these findings a fuzzy system has been developed.

Findings
It has been demonstrated that applying a relatively simple fuzzy system can reduce unwanted non-linear phenomena in the low-speed region; at the same time, the dynamics of the drive in the other regions is not deteriorated.

Originality/value
The solutions presented in the paper are original and have not been published so far. The influence of non-linear friction on the work of the drive in the low-speed region at different values of the matrix Q has been shown. Also, a novel system of online adjustment of the values of the Q matrix in a predictive speed controller has been introduced. Besides, the system has been compared against the classical predictive regulator.
Average wavelet coefficient-based detection of chaos in oscillatory circuits
Authors: Rubežić Vesna , Djurović Igor , Sejdić Ervin 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a new algorithm for detection of chaos in oscillatory circuits. The algorithm is based on the wavelet transform.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed detection is developed by using a specific measure obtained by averaging wavelet coefficients. This measure exhibits various values for chaotic and periodic states.

Findings
The proposed algorithm is applied to signals from autonomous systems such as the Chua’s oscillatory circuit, the Lorenz chaotic system and non-autonomous systems such as the Duffing oscillator. In addition, the detection is applied to sequences obtained from the logistic map. The results are compared to those obtained with a detrended fluctuation analysis and a time-frequency signal analysis based on detectors of chaotic states.

Originality/value
In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed for the detection of chaos from a single time series. The proposed technique is robust to the noise influence, having smaller calculation complexity with respect to the state-of-the-art techniques. It is suitable for real-time detection with delay that is about half of the window width.
A novel mathematical model of bearingless switched reluctance motor considering air-gap edge effect
Authors: Chen Ling , Wang Honghua , Tan Chao 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a novel mathematical model of bearingless switched reluctance motor (BSRM). This model differs from conventional mathematical models in the calculation of torque and suspension forces. Conventional mathematical models neglect the coupling relationship between the α- and β-axes or ignore the magnetic saturation of the Si-Fe material. This study considers these issues simultaneously. Additionally, considering the air-gap edge effect, the fringing coefficient is used to establish a high-precision mathematical model.

Design/methodology/approach
An innovative mathematical model of BSRM based on the Maxwell stress method was established by selecting an appropriate integration path. The fringing coefficient of the air-gap was computed based on the finite element analysis results at the aligned position of the stator and rotor poles. Using the least squares fitting method, the piecewise fitted magnetization curve of the Si-Fe material was utilized to calculate flux density.

Findings
The appropriate integration path of the Maxwell stress method was selected, which considered the coupling relationship of the suspension forces in the α- and β-axes and was closer to the actual situation. The fringing coefficient of the air-gap improved the calculation accuracy of air-gap flux density. The magnetomotive force was consumed by the magnetic resistance of the stator and rotor poles considering the magnetic saturation.

Originality/value
A novel mathematical model of BSRM is proposed. Different from conventional mathematical models, the proposed model can effectively solve the coupling relationship of the suspension forces in the α- and β-axes. Additionally, this model is consistent with the actual situation of motor as it includes a reasonable calculation of the air-gap flux density, considering the air-gap edge effect and magnetic saturation.
Self-leadership change project: the continuation of an ongoing experiential program
Authors: Phillips James I. , Kern Dave , Tewari Jitendra , Jones Kenneth E. , Beemraj Eshwar Prasad , Ettigi Chaitra Ashok 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe self-leadership change project (SLCP) is an ongoing program for senior level students at a regional university designed to provide hands-on experience in building self-management skills, which is considered a pre-requisite by many leaders and scholars (e.g. Drucker, 1996; Schaettiet al., 2008). The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachParticipants (479 undergraduate business students in 26 different classes with two different professors) had from 10 to 16 weeks to complete their SLCP project. A survey to collect the data for this study were provided as a voluntary option to participants who wished to report their SLCP project results.FindingsA majority of students participating in the projects reported achieving change in targeted behavior, with intentions to continue to utilize the SLCP approach for future “projects.” Additionally, students who successfully completed a SLCP reported that observers noted change in others as a result of the project. Students who received positive feedback from observers reported that they were likely to engage in a self-leadership project in the future.Research limitations/implicationsThe data used in the analysis are exclusively self-reported information. The survey and results do not tie to previous studies that measure individuals’ aptitude for self-leadership as an indicator of success and development of self-leadership capabilities. This study offers little in the way of acknowledging or determining the sustainability of changes desired.Practical implicationsThe results fully supported the idea that self-leaders influence others.Social implicationsThis study providing support for the concept that external leadership begins with self-leadership. Successful self-leadership change prepares an individual for external leadership roles in organizations and society.Originality/valueThe relationship noted in “Practical implications” above has been suggested in the literature, but there have been few studies covering this relationship.
Does productivity of Islamic banks endure progress or regress?
Authors: Kamarudin Fakarudin , Hue Chiun Zack , Sufian Fadzlan , Mohamad Anwar Nazratul Aina 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the level of productivity of Islamic banks specifically in selected Southeast Asian Countries from the period 2006 to 2014. Besides, this study also investigates the potential determinants of bank-specific characteristics and macroeconomic conditions that may influence the productivity of banking sector.

Design/methodology/approach
The present study gathers data on the 29 Islamic banks from Southeast Asian countries, namely, Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia. The productivity level of the Islamic banks is evaluated using the data envelopment analysis-based Malmquist productivity index method. The authors then used a panel regression analysis framework based on the ordinary least square to identify potential determinants.

Findings
The domestic and foreign Islamic banks have exhibited progress in total factor productivity change solely attributed to the increase in efficiency change (EFFCH) which were mainly managerial rather than scale related. Foreign-owned banks have been slightly more productive compared to their domestic-owned bank counterparts, attributed to a higher EFFCH but insignificantly different. Furthermore, capitalisation, liquidity and world financial crisis determinants have significantly influenced productivity level of Islamic banks.

Originality/value
The study on the productivity of Islamic banking is still in its formative stage. To date, very limited study has been conducted to examine the productivity level in Southeast Asian, which is a strong regional hub for Islamic banking. This study intends to fill the gaps with a specific focus on the productivity level, specifically narrowing down to Southeast Asian countries in the domestic and foreign Islamic banking sector.
Overcoming irrationality: the Popperian approach
Authors: Chitpin Stephanie 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how associationism mistakenly assumes that direct experience is possible; that is, there is expectation-free observation and association without prior expectation. Thus, associationism assumes that learning involves the absorption of information from the environment itself. However, contrary arguments take the position that, for an individual to make a connection between his/her behaviour and its consequence(s), he/she must first have an expectation in order for a connection to be made.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses a personal experience to illustrate how implicit assumptions and unstated expectations can be found in the corporate world. It offers to answer questions that will lead to an examination of overcoming irrationality through utilization of the Popperian philosophy of associationism.

Findings
When evaluating a practice, it is easier to find evidence of some sort to support the practice, especially if we are either disposed to do so or if our colleagues and organizations have recommended that we adopt these practices. However, if we are committed to genuinely improving our practice, Swann (2009) suggests that we become critical and ask, “What are the unintended and undesirable consequences of doing things this way?” (p. 8).

Research limitations/implications
Popper’s approach needs to be developed or learned through stages and with time. We need to be aware that it takes time to master the use of this approach. Merely introducing or having organizations learn the different methods or short cuts have only a limited effect in improving their ability to deal with issues in different contexts.

Practical implications
The examples used throughout this paper illustrate that the adoption of Popper’s approach does not necessarily require large-scale experiments. In fact, a well-conducted case study can be effective in casting doubt on existing assumptions. Regardless of the nature of the research strategy and the scale of the experiment devised to test a hypothesis, the task of testing can and will be problematic.

Social implications
Expectations can make us look foolish from time to time, but they can also be very powerful or useful because they are more than mere anticipation. If we are unable to strip away our preconceptions or prior knowledge, we can at least acknowledge our biases and, in doing so, we may not continue to be trapped within our own perspectives, which can blind us to the truth.

Originality/value
The examples used in this paper illustrate that Popper’s approach is robust and applicable in a variety of contexts and is not limited to educational organizations. Furthermore, it showcases our irrationality, and helps us understand when and where we may make erroneous decisions.