bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Anterior Chamber Angle Using Visante OCT, Slit-Lamp OCT, and Pentacam
Authors: Dinc Umut A. , Oncel Banu , Gorgun Ebru , Yalvac Llgaz S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To assess and compare the anterior chamber angle (ACA) by different anterior segment imaging techniques. Methods. Forty healthy eyes of 40 normal subjects were recruited and 3 consecutive measurements of ACA were determined prospectively utilizing Visante optical coherence tomography (OCT), slit-lamp OCT (SL-OCT), and Pentacam. Statistical significance of interdevice differences between measurements was evaluated by Wilcoxon signed rank test and Bland-Altman analysis. The repeatability of 3 consecutive measurements was analyzed by repeated measured analysis of variance. Results. Mean nasal and temporal ACA were detected as 31.2±8.7 and 32.1±8.5 degrees by Visante OCT; 41.6±5.9 and 41.8±5.2 degrees by Pentacam; and 42.9±10.0 and 43.3±10.1 degrees by SL-OCT. All devices displayed a high intrasession repeatability (Scheffe multiple comparison, p>0.05). ACA detected by Visante OCT were found significantly different from ACA calculated by Pentacam and SL-OCT (p<0.05). On the other hand, ACA data obtained by Pentacam and SL-OCT were found to be statistically similar (p>0.05). Conclusions. Although noncontact ACA measurements using all modalities were easy to handle and demonstrated good repeatability in healthy participants, the tested devices were not regarded as comparable. Hence, the clinician should take the different modalities into consideration during ACA assessment using various devices.
Learning Effect of Humphrey Matrix Frequency Doubling Technology Perimetry in Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: De Tarso Pierre-Filho Paulo , Gomes Paulo R.P. , Pierre Éarika T.L. , Pierre Leandro M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To evaluate the learning effect of frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry using the Humphrey Matrix perimeter in patients with open-angle glaucoma with no perimetric experience. Methods. One eye each of 30 glaucoma patients who had no history of visual field testing underwent 3 Matrix tests using 24–2 program with full-threshold strategy. The parameters investigated to detect learning effect were test duration, reliability indexes, mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and the number of points with a p of <5% and <1% in the total and pattern deviation maps. Results. MD showed a larger defect at the first test (-13.64 ± 1.63 dB) than at the second (-12.68 ± 1.45 dB) and third (-11.69 ± 1.48 dB) tests (p<0.05). A statistically significant reduction (p<0.05) in the number of points with a p <5% and <1% in the total deviation map was observed when repeating the examination. The values of test duration, PSD, fixation losses, false-positive rate, false-negative rate, and number of points with a p <5% and <1% in the pattern deviation map were not changed significantly (p>0.05). Conclusions. Humphrey Matrix FDT perimetry showed a statistically significant learning effect on MD and the number of significantly depressed points of the total deviation map in glaucoma patients with no perimetric experience. It is probably necessary to obtain at least 3 repetitions to rule out the presence of a learning effect in such patients before providing useful results.
Surgical Treatment of Esotropia Associated with High Myopia: Unilateral versus Bilateral Surgery
Authors: Morad Yair , Pras Eran , Goldich Yakov , Barkana Yaniv , Zadok David , Hartstein Morris 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To compare unilateral versus bilateral surgical treatment of esotropia associated with high myopia. Methods. This retrospective study comprised patients who underwent surgery for esotropia with high myopia performed by the first author (Y.M.) between 2003 and 2008. Surgical results and complications were compared between patients who underwent unilateral versus bilateral surgery. Results. Nine patients were identified with average age of 44.9 years (range 8–70 years). All had bilateral high myopia (average −13.35 D, range −9.00 to −17.50 D) and esotropia of 20–75 diopters, together with hypotropia in 5 cases. Bilateral displacement of the lateral rectus inferiorly and superior rectus medially was demonstrated in each patient by computed tomography scan of the orbits and by observation during surgery. Five patients underwent bilateral surgery and 4 underwent unilateral surgery. After an average follow-up of 29 months (range 4–47 months), 4/5 patients who underwent bilateral myopexy achieved good results with postoperative esotropia of less than 8 diopters, as opposed to 2/4 patients who underwent unilateral surgery. No complications were noted. Conclusions. Bilateral superior and lateral rectus myopexy is the preferred method of surgical correction of esotropia associated with high myopia. Additional unilateral or bilateral medial rectus recession is probably not indicated in most cases. Patients who prefer unilateral surgery can benefit from unilateral superior and lateral rectus myopexy together with medial rectus recession. This unilateral approach may yield good results particularly in young patients without markedly restricted and tight extraocular muscles.
Molecular Identification of Adenoviral Conjunctivitis in Turkey
Authors: Yağci Ramazan , Akçali Alper , YağCi Server , Konno Tsunetada , Ishiko Hiroaki , Duman Sunay , Özkaya Etem 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. The aim of the study was isolation of adenoviruses by cell culture and identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and phylogenetic analyses in patients clinically diagnosed with viral conjunctivitis in Ankara, Turkey. Methods. Conjunctival swabs from 34 patients with acute conjunctivitis were tested using cell culture isolation and PCR for adenovirus detection. PCR-positive samples were sequenced and typed. Results. The positive results of adenovirus were 26.5% (9 of 34) by the PCR method and 20.6% by culture isolation. Nine samples positive at PCR were identified by phylogenetic analyses as human adenovirus 8 (HAdV-8) (4 of 9), HAdV-3 (3 of 9), HAdV-4 (1 of 9), and HAdV-B (1 of 9). Conclusions. Our study showed types of adenoviruses in patients with ocular infection that occurred in this region of Turkey for the first time. Furthermore, sequence-based typing method is an efficient, accurate, and rapid means of diagnosis and typing of the adenovirus and has significant clinical and epidemiologic implications. HAdV-8 was major type for acute conjunctivitis in Ankara, Turkey. Further studies are required to reveal the major types of HAdVs that cause ocular diseases in this region of the world.
Phacoemulsification after Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Authors: Leccisotti Antonio , Islam Tahmina , Mcgilligan Victoria E. , Moore Tara C.B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To evaluate the results of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK). Methods. Retrospective, consecutive, noncomparative, single-surgeon series. Results. Sixteen eyes of 16 patients were included (mean age: 51 years). Five eyes had phacoemulsification because of cataract, and 11 eyes for myopic refractive lens exchange. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were noted. Mean spherical equivalent (SE) improved from −8.69 D (SD 3.74) to −0.97 D (SD 1.13). Mean preoperative defocus equivalent (DE) improved from 10.32 D (SD 4.04) to 2.57 D (SD 0.92). Mean preoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.48 logMAR (SD 0.60) to 0.13 D (SD 0.005). Mean postoperative uncorrected visual acuity was 0.675 logMAR (SD 0.252). Safety index was 2.33, efficacy index was 0.70, and endothelial cell loss was not significant. Conclusions. Phacoemulsification can provide safe and predictable visual rehabilitation for cataract and refractive errors resulting after DALK.
Rarebit Perimetry in the Evaluation of Visual Field Defects in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Çelebisoy Nese , Öztürk Taylan , Köse Timur 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. Rarebit perimetry (RBP) is a new perimetric technique that has been reported as a sensitive test for the evaluation of the neural structure of the visual system. The aim of this study was to compare RBP with standard automated perimetry in detecting the visual field defects of patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Methods. Twenty-five patients with IIH and 16 healthy controls were considered. Visual fields were analyzed with Marco automated static perimeter with threshold and central 30–2 programs (MP 30–2) and rarebit perimetry. A visual field was classified into 3 zones for both tests as central, paracentral, and peripheral zones. Mean sensitivity (MS) recorded by the MP 30–2 was compared with the mean hit rate (MHR) recorded by RBP for each zone. Results. MS recorded by MP 30–2 and MHR recorded by RBP for each zone were significantly lower in the IIH group than in healthy control eyes (p<0.001). Good correlation was present between the visual fields recorded by both tests. Although the sensitivity and specificity values for each zone were lower in the RBP group than the MP 30–2 group, RBP was found to be efficient to differentiate between the visual fields of normal and IIH-Affected eyes. The average RBP test duration was significantly shorter than the MP 30–2 test duration (p<0.001). Conclusions. RBP is a rapid, comfortable, and widely accessible perimetric test giving reliable results in detecting visual field defects in IIH.
Detecting Retinal Vigabatrin Toxicity in Patients with Partial Symptomatic or Cryptogenic Epilepsy
Authors: Akçakaya Aylin Ardagil , Gökçeer Sevda , Erbil Hasan H. , Işik Nihal , Özdöker Levent , Salar Senem , Aykan Fatma , Aydin TuğRul , Yaylali Sevil Ah , Kesim Özlem 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. Detecting retinal vigabatrin toxicity in patients with partial symptomatic or cryptogenic epilepsy can be challenging because of preexisting visual field defects secondary to a structural abnormality in the brain or lack of collaboration. The aim of this study was to measure the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) with optic coherence tomography (OCT), as well as contrast sensitivity, color vision, and perimetry, in patients with partial symptomatic or cryptogenic epilepsy on vigabatrin, and to determine the efficacy of these tests as markers of vigabatrin-related retinal damage in these subgroups of epileptic patients. Methods. The study involved 38 patients with either partial symptomatic or cryptogenic epilepsy and 16 healthy individuals comprising the control group. At the time of the study, 14 of the patients were using vigabatrin, 10 were receiving sodium valproate monotherapy, and 14 were on carbamazepine monotherapy. All the participants underwent RNFLT imaging with OCT, contrast sensitivity, color discrimination assessment, and perimetry. Results. The average 360° RNFLT of the vigabatrin group was significantly lower when compared to the other groups. The average RNFLT of all quadrants except the temporal one in the vigabatrin group was also significantly reduced. There was no difference in the mean deviation, contrast sensitivity, and color discrimination between the study groups, but they were all significantly lower than the control group. Conclusions. RNFLT measurement with OCT can efficiently identify vigabatrin toxicity in patients with partial symptomatic and cryptogenic epilepsy. Perimetry, contrast sensitivity, and color discrimination assessment might be inconclusive in these particular subgroups of epileptic patients.
Work-Related Eye Injury: The Main Cause of Ocular Trauma in Iran
Authors: Mansouri Mohammad Reza , Hosseini Mona , Mohebi Masoumeh , Alipour Fateme , Mehrdad Ramin 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. Occupational eye injuries are among the major causes of ocular trauma and can cause severe visual impairment, with even minor injuries incurring considerable financial costs due to work absenteeism. This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiology of eye trauma and the role of occupational injuries at Farabi Eye Hospital, which is the largest eye hospital in Iran. Methods. In this prospective, cross-sectional study, 822 eyes from 768 trauma patients presenting to Farabi Eye Hospital were enrolled in the study. The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System and the United States Eye Injury Registry model were adopted as the basis for the study questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed through in-person interviews and comprehensive ocular examinations. Results. The mean age of ocular trauma patients was 31.11 years, and 685 (89.2%) patients were male. Of all eye injuries, 73.7% were work-related. Only 2.2% of the patients were wearing safety goggles at the time of injury. History of previous eye trauma was positive in 44.3% of cases. An Ocular Trauma Score 3 or more was present in 4% of patients. Conclusions. Work-related eye trauma is the major cause of eye injury in Iran and most often occurs as a result of the lack of proper eye protection. Most work-related eye injury patients are young men.
Chronic and Delayed Mustard Gas Keratopathy: A Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Kanavi Mozhgan Rezaei , Javadi Atefeh , Javadi Mohammad Ali 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To specify histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of chronic and delayed mustard gas keratopathy. Methods Corneal buttons from patients with chronic and delayed mustard gas keratopathy were examined for routine histopathology special histologic stainings, and immunohistochemistry for CD31 and CD68. Results Twenty-five corneal buttons from 25 patients with chronic and delayed mustard gas keratopathy were evaluated. Irregular epithelial thickness (100%), degenerative changes (24) (96%), thickened epithelial basement membrane (23) (92%), keratocytes loss (18) (72%), and destroyed Bowman layer (18) (72%) were predominant histopathologic features. Amyloid degeneration was the most commonly observed degenerative change in the specimens (83%). Immunoreactivity for CD68 and CD31 was detected in 88% and 56%, respectively. Conclusions In this observational case series, although all corneal layers from epithelium to the endothelium were involved from mild to severe degrees, the anterior corneal layers were more affected on histopathology than the posterior parts in chronic and delayed mustard gas keratopathy.
Systemic Cyclosporin a in Severe Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Cornish Kurt Spiteri , Gregory Maria Elena , Ramaesh Katheravelu 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Severe atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) is associated with atopic dermatitis and is often refractory to topical treatment and potentially blinding. Because T lymphocytes are central in the pathogenesis of these diseases, systemic cyclosporin A (CSA) should treat both dermatologic and ocular manifestations. We describe the successful treatment of 8 patients with severe AKC, resistant to conventional management, with systemic CSA. Methods This was a retrospective observational case series. The notes of patients with severe AKC were reviewed, where the disease did not respond to topical or other systemic treatment, and was treated with systemic CSA. Response to such treatment was observed and reported in 8 patients. Results Cyclosporin A was effective as a steroid-sparing agent. Systemic corticosteroids were stopped in half of the patients. Dosage varied between 50 mg and 300 mg daily (in divided doses), and duration of treatment varied between 5 months and 7 years. Papillary blepharoconjunctivitis and punctuate keratopathy completely resolved a few weeks after CSA therapy. Corneal ulcers resolved after 5 to 10 weeks of treatment. Coexistent eczema or dermatitis was brought under control with systemic immunosuppression, and flare-ups were not present during the duration of treatment. There was remission of AKC in all 8 patients with increase in visual acuity and low incidence of side effects. Conclusions Cyclosporin A is effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis and keratoconjunctivitis. Our case series potentiates previous smaller case series that systemic CSA can be used effectively and safely in cases that are resistant to conventional treatment to preserve vision.
Comparison of Central Corneal Thickness Measurements Using Pentacam and Ultrasonic Pachymetry in Post-LASIK Eyes for Myopia
Authors: Al-Mezaine Hani S. , Al-Amro Saleh A. , Kangave Dustan , Al-Obeidan Saleh , Al-Jubair Khaled M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements obtained using the Pentacam Scheimpflug system with those obtained using DGH ultrasound pachymetry (UP) in post-laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) eyes for myopia. Methods In a prospective study, measurement agreement was assessed in 143 eyes of 72 post-LASIK patients using both the Pentacam and UP at the Eye Consultants Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results The mean CCT was 522±42.2 μm with the Oculus Pentacam and 516.2±40.6 μm with UP. The Bland-Altman plot showed that the mean ± SD for the differences between the 2 devices was 5.8±13.6 μm, with 95% confidence interval limits ranging from −20.9 μm to 32.6 μm. A test of statistical significance indicated that the mean differences of 5.8±13.6 μm differed significantly from zero (p<0.001; Wilcoxon signed-rank test), thus indicating that the Pentacam measurements tended to overestimate CCT compared with UP. Analysis of regression showed a high correlation between the values obtained with both devices (r=0.947, p<0.001). Conclusions In post-LASIK myopic eyes, although a high correlation has been shown between Pentacam and UP measurements, Pentacam tends to overestimate CCT compared to UP. Pentacam probably cannot be used interchangeably with UP in post-LASIK eyes for myopia.
Treatment of Keratoconus with Ferrara ICRS and Consideration of the Efficacy of the Ferrara Nomogram in a 5-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Pesando Paolo Maria , Ghiringhello Maria Pia , Di Meglio Giuseppe , Romeo Salvatore 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate Ferrara intrastromal ring segments (FIRS) as a therapeutic opportunity to treat keratoconus (KC), to reduce the necessity for cornea transplant, and to improve quality of vision of patients with this disease. We demonstrate that the procedure is safe, reversible, and reliable, and can delay/stop the KC progression. Methods A total of 130 eyes of 83 patients with KC, intolerant to contact lenses, implanted with FIRS were considered. Average follow-up was 37 months with a minimum of 2 years and a maximum of 5 years. For all patients, manifest refraction, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) corneal map, Orbscan, and intraoperative pachymetry were performed and were compared to postoperative measurements. Results A total of 93.84% (122 patients) of the eyes gained lines of UCVA and only 1.53% (2 eyes) lost them. A total of 97.69% (127 patients) of the treated eyes gained lines of BCVA and no eyes lost them. The value of K1 and K2 were considerably reduced over 5 years. The preoperative value of K average of 49.27 D became 4.68 D postoperatively. Both the UCVA and the BCVA showed an increase. The UCVA changed from 0.14 lines preoperatively to 0.32 postoperatively while the BCVA changed from 0.40 to 0.59. The spherical equivalent changed from −8.34 D before the operation to −2.83 D after the operation. Conclusions FIRS make KC cornea more regular and the patients have increased corrected and uncorrected visual acuity postoperatively. The progression of KC was stopped and the cornea thickness minimally, but regularly, improved.
Cataract and Pseudophakia in Elderly European Drivers
Authors: Nischler Christian , Michael Ralph , Wintersteller Christine , Marvan Patrick , Emesz Martin , Van Rijn Laurentius J. , Van Den Berg Thomas J.T.P. , Wilhelm Helmut , Coeckelbergh Tanja , Barraquer Rafael I. , Grabner Günther , Hitzl Wolfgang 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the prevalence and association of different types and seventies of cataract or pseudophakia with visual impairments in older European drivers. Methods In this prospective European multicenter study, 2211 active drivers, 45 years of age and older, participated in an ophthalmologic examination, the measurement of visual functions, and were asked to fill in the NEI-VFQ-25 and another questionnaire about driving habits, driving difficulties, and self-reported accidents. Results Prevalence of moderate and severe forms of cataract in an active driving population is lower than that in the general population, but could be found in both eyes in 20% (95% confidence interval [CI] 16%–25%) and 17% (95% CI: 13%–21%) of subjects 75 years of age and older. In addition, there is a strong relationship between severity of cataract and parameters such as age, visual acuity, intraocular straylight, and contrast sensitivity. Conclusions Cataract is not as highly prevalent in the elderly active driving population as in the general population, but is frequently present in drivers over 65 years of age. Lower prevalence of severe bilateral cataracts in countries with mandatory tests of visual functions of drivers suggest that this could be a suitable measure to detect and to reduce the number of active drivers with severe bilateral cataracts.
Comparison of Optic Disc Topography before and after Antiglaucoma Treatment in Juvenile Glaucoma
Authors: Elgin Ufuk , Ozturk Faruk , Sen Emine , Serdar Kurtulus 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the optic disc topography parameters of cases of juvenile glaucoma before and after antiglaucoma treatment by using Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph (HRT II). Methods The medical records of 21 eyes of 21 consecutive patients (mean age 13±2 years) with juvenile glaucoma, who had been examined between 2006 and 2008, were reviewed retrospectively. The topographic optic disc parameters (cup volume, cup area, rim volume, rim area, mean cup to disc ratio and mean cup depth) and mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of 21 eyes of 21 children with juvenile glaucoma at baseline and at the sixth month of antiglaucoma treatment were compared with paired t test. Results NO statistically significant differences were found among cup volume (p=0.137), rim area (p=0.07), rim volume (p=0.102), and mean cup depth (p=0.892) before and after treatment. Mean cup area and cup to disc ratio at the sixth month of treatment were statistically significantly smaller than the values at baseline (p=0.041, p=0.002). The mean retinal nerve fiber layer at baseline was statistically significantly smaller than the value after treatment (p= 0.016). Conclusions The result suggests that glaucomatous changes of optic disc topography may be reversible after antiglaucoma treatment in juvenile glaucoma.