bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The selection traits of mite non-reproduction (MNR) and Varroa sensitive hygiene (VSH) show high variance in subsequent generations and require intensive time investment to evaluate
Authors: Sprau Lina , Gessler Birgit , Liebsch Melanie , Traynor Kirsten , Rosenkranz Peter , Hasselmann Martin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract The honey bee ectoparasite Varroa destructor is the main cause of honey bee colony losses worldwide. Over the last decades, several projects have focused on improving the robustness of Apis mellifera against this parasitic mite. Selection traits, such as mite non-reproduction (MNR) and Varroa sensitive hygiene (VSH), are favored selection factors in Varroa resistance projects. VSH is a trait where adult honey bees remove the Varroa-infested brood. During this process, the female mites are arrested in their reproductive cycle leading to a reduction of the Varroa population within the bee colony. From 2019 to 2022, 1402 queens were instrumentally inseminated with single or multiple drones in a breeding program. Colonies headed by these queens were established annually, and the MNR and VSH levels were analyzed. VSH was evaluated in response to cells artificially infested with Varroa, and colonies with high VSH values were used to generate our selected VSH stock. Despite crossing high VSH drones and queens, we measured a remarkable heterogeneity of MNR and VSH in the next generation(s), most likely due to the well-described, high recombination rate in the honey bee genome. When assessed multiple times in the same colony, great variance between measurements was observed. Detailed evaluations of daughter colonies are thus required if selection programs want to breed colonies with reliable VSH traits. This constant need to evaluate all offspring to ensure the desirable resistance traits are present results in high workloads and great expenses in selection programs. Furthermore, such large-scale breeding programs are inefficient due to high fluctuations between measurements and generations, indicating we need to develop new approaches and improved methods for assessing Varroa resistance.
Expanding horizons of iminosugars as broad-spectrum anti-virals: mechanism, efficacy and novel developments
Authors: Liu Qiantong , Liu Yanyun , Liu Tingting , Fan Jinbao , Xia Zanxian , Zhou Yingjun , Deng Xu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIminosugars, a class of polyhydroxylated cyclic alkaloids with intriguing properties, hold promising therapeutic potentials against a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses, including DENV, HCV, HIV, and influenza viruses. Mechanistically, iminosugars act as the competitive inhibitors of host endoplasmic reticular α-glucosidases I and II to disrupt the proper folding of viral nascent glycoproteins, which thereby exerts antiviral effects. Remarkably, the glycoproteins of many enveloped viruses are significantly more dependent on the calnexin pathway of the protein folding than most host glycoproteins. Therefore, extensive interests and efforts have been devoted to exploit iminosugars as broad-spectrum antiviral agents. This review provides the summary and insights into the recent advancements in the development of novel iminosugars as effective and selective antiviral agents against a variety of enveloped viruses, as well as the understandings of their antiviral mechanisms.
Graphical Abstract
A new human opisthorchiasis outbreak in central Italy: a never-ending story
Authors: Papalini Chiara , Gómez-Morales Maria Angeles , Mercuri Alessandra , Stolaj Elisa , Brancaleoni Maria Grazia , Fusco Moffa Igino , Lo Vaglio Giovanni , Ludovisi Alessandra , Marucci Gianluca , Francisci Daniela 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose

Opisthorchis felineus is a trematode causing a foodborne infection transmitted by raw freshwater fish belonging to Cyprinidae family. Human outbreaks in Italy dated back to 2003–2011 and involved lakes of Central Italy. The aim of this study is to report epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the human opisthorchiasis outbreak occurred in Central Italy in 2022 comparing it with previous events.

Methods
We report cases diagnosed from June to December 2022 in Perugia hospital thanks to serological and molecular tests and direct examination of feces.

Results
Sixty-seven individuals were traced back by epidemiological investigation. Forty-seven received a diagnosis of opisthorchiasis, of which 45 were confirmed cases and two were considered as probable cases. These 47 individuals attended a Trasimeno lakeshore restaurant in May 2022. All but 20 presented symptoms, mostly fever. Sixteen (15 confirmed and 1 probable) cases required hospitalization. Feces examination revealed Opisthorchis spp. eggs in 35/45 (78%) confirmed cases. Thirty individuals underwent to serology and molecular stool test: 5 (16.7%) results positive to the former, 1 (3.3%) to the latter while 4 (13.3%) to both. Laboratory tests, available in 28 patients, showed eosinophilia in 82.1%, increase of alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase in 64.3%, 75% and 67.9%, respectively. Because of pharmacy shortage of praziquantel, 22 patients were treated with albendazole, of which 13 failed clearing the parasite.

Conclusion
Opisthorchiasis still represents a challenging diagnosis, in particular for asymptomatic patients. Albendazole may lead to treatment failure. Control measures in known endemic areas should be implemented.

Trial registration
number 27,498/23/ON, approved by Ethical Committee of Umbrian Region in 09.13.2023.
Lie 2-groups from loop group extensions
Authors: Ludewig Matthias , Waldorf Konrad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe give a very simple construction of the string 2-group as a strict Fréchet Lie 2-group. The corresponding crossed module is defined using the conjugation action of the loop group on its central extension, which drastically simplifies several constructions previously given in the literature. More generally, we construct strict 2-group extensions for a Lie group from a central extension of its based loop group, under the assumption that this central extension is disjoint commutative. We show in particular that this condition is automatic in the case that the Lie group is semisimple and simply connected.
Der Einfluss von empowerment-orientierter Führung und der Unternehmenskultur auf das umweltorientierte Verhalten von Beschäftigten in Unternehmen
Authors: Stamer Katja 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag untersucht zunächst, inwiefern Beschäftigte die umweltorientierte strategische Ausrichtung und die damit verbundenen Bewertungskennzahlen im eigenen Unternehmen kennen. Weiter wird überprüft, ob eine umweltorientierte Unternehmenskultur sowie ein empowerment-orientierter Führungsstil das umweltorientierte Verhalten von Beschäftigten in Unternehmen beeinflussen. Auf Basis eines querschnittlichen Untersuchungsdesigns und einer Stichprobe von Befragten (N = 290) aus deutschen Industrieunternehmen werden dafür deskriptive Analysen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Beschäftigten ohne Führungsfunktion oftmals Kenntnisse über die umweltorientierte strategische Ausrichtung, den davon abgeleiteten Maßnahmen und den damit verbundenen Kennzahlen fehlen. Dennoch hat das Erleben einer umweltorientierten Kultur und der Einfluss eines empowerment-orientierten Führungsstils einen positiven Einfluss auf das umweltorientierte Verhalten der Beschäftigten.

Praktische Relevanz Aktuell schreitet die Energiewende in Deutschland zu langsam voran, um die Klimaziele für 2045 – definiert im Generationenvertrag – zu erreichen. Deutsche Unternehmen sind maßgeblich an der Erreichung der Klimaziele beteiligt, und Beschäftigte haben mit ihrem Verhalten einen großen Einfluss auf die Erreichung der Unternehmensziele. Deshalb ist es von großer Bedeutung zu erfahren, welche innerbetrieblichen Faktoren wichtig und einzusetzen sind, um das umweltorientierte Verhalten der Beschäftigten erfolgreich zu fördern. Dabei liegt in dieser Untersuchung der Schwerpunkt auf der umweltorientierten Strategie, der Unternehmenskultur und dem empowerment-orientierten Führungsstil, um aus den Ergebnissen entsprechende Handlungsfelder für Führungskräfte und Personalverantwortliche in den Unternehmen abzuleiten.
Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and the Family Caregivers’ Burden: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Savarese Giulia , Carpinelli Luna , Russo Claudio , Stornaiuolo Giovanna , Luisi Ettore , Pellegrino Francesca , Mollo Monica , Barone Paolo , Pellecchia Maria Teresa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMultiple systemic atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, also characterized by autonomic failure in varying degrees of severity. Caregivers are central to the care and support of people with MSA. This paper aims to investigate and discuss: (a) the most common emotions and reactions among caregivers of MSA patients and how these affect their psychological well-being, (b) the change in caregivers’ quality of life during the progression of the patient’s disease, (c) what are the specific experiences and challenges related to communicating with patients, (d) new strategies and pathways of psychological and social support for caregivers. Sixteen caregivers (mean age 49.63; 75%F) of MSA patients were interviewed through a semi-structured protocol based on two open-ended questions. Through the qualitative analysis, six dominant clusters were identified: cognitive aspects (1), social roles (2), aspects of the patient’s illness (3), practical aspects of patient management (4), emotional-behavioral aspects of the caregiver (5), and acceptance and accompaniment (6). Caregivers of MSA patients report the difficulty of caring for their patients, not only from a physical/organizational point of view but especially from an emotional point of view, suggesting that caregivers are burdened by the expected future effects of neurological disease in general.
Evaluating fine tuned deep learning models for real-time earthquake damage assessment with drone-based images
Authors: Kizilay Furkan , Narman Mina R. , Song Hwapyeong , Narman Husnu S. , Cosgun Cumhur , Alzarrad Ammar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEarthquakes pose a significant threat to life and property worldwide. Rapid and accurate assessment of earthquake damage is crucial for effective disaster response efforts. This study investigates the feasibility of employing deep learning models for damage detection using drone imagery. We explore the adaptation of models like VGG16 for object detection through transfer learning and compare their performance to established object detection architectures like YOLOv8 (You Only Look Once) and Detectron2. Our evaluation, based on various metrics including mAP, mAP50, and recall, demonstrates the superior performance of YOLOv8 in detecting damaged buildings within drone imagery, particularly for cases with moderate bounding box overlap. This finding suggests its potential suitability for real-world applications due to the balance between accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, to enhance real-world feasibility, we explore two strategies for enabling the simultaneous operation of multiple deep learning models for video processing: frame splitting and threading. In addition, we optimize model size and computational complexity to facilitate real-time processing on resource-constrained platforms, such as drones. This work contributes to the field of earthquake damage detection by (1) demonstrating the effectiveness of deep learning models, including adapted architectures, for damage detection from drone imagery, (2) highlighting the importance of evaluation metrics like mAP50 for tasks with moderate bounding box overlap requirements, and (3) proposing methods for ensemble model processing and model optimization to enhance real-world feasibility. The potential for real-time damage assessment using drone-based deep learning models offers significant advantages for disaster response by enabling rapid information gathering to support resource allocation, rescue efforts, and recovery operations in the aftermath of earthquakes.
An Anthropologist Fails to Become a Fish: Multispecies Sensing in the Anthropocene
Authors: Buttacavoli Matthew 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHow well do we know how non-humans experience environmental stressors and how do we communicate that knowledge as educators? This paper addresses these questions by way of an auto-ethnographic account of the author’s experience of attempting to listen to the Great Barrier Reef, off the Queensland coast. Through a series of methodological failures and roadblocks, this paper discusses the difficulties in understanding non-human sensory worlds. Following the auto-ethnographic account, the paper explores how anthropological pedagogies can contribute to environmental education of non-human experiences more broadly. The paper uses anthropological pedagogy to draw an analogy between ethnocentrism/cultural relativism and anthropocentrism/ecocentrism. Utilising practices of “third place” then demonstrates how the latter terms of these relationships are correctives to the former terms rather than oppositions. This paper concludes by suggesting ways in which the lessons learned can be applied to environmental education. It recommends creating a third space environmental curriculum which defamiliarises human experience and creates a zone of contact between humans and non-humans. The use of mediating technologies and artistic practice in conjunction with scientific education is recommended to maintain a critical perspective of human knowledge and biological limitations in creating experiential relationships with the environment.
Digital Technology in Outdoor and Environmental Education: Affects, Assemblages and Curriculum-Making
Authors: Lynch Jonathan , Thomas Herbert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResearchers across outdoor and environmental education (OEE) are drawing on relational ontologies to break down dualisms, human-centric thinking and challenge neoliberal education that focusses on outcomes and achievements. Digital technology has been seen as problematic in OEE because of its distracting qualities within notions of authentic outdoor experiences. Re-conceptualising digital technology as something learners are entangled with — rejecting a dualistic position — offers a nuanced way of understanding how digital technology could be harnessed for OEE. This research presents speculative findings from a new materialist inspired project on how teachers considered video-making and the more-than-human in OEE. Working with assemblage theory and attention to affect, we portray ways assemblages of video-making and the more-than-human can shape OEE in new ways. Implications for educators in how they might assemble OEE with technology are suggested.
Collective Voice without Collective Bargaining: Pandemic Induced Wage Theft Claims and Worker Responses in Apparel Supply Chains
Authors: Kumarage Achalie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConcentrated corporate power and failures to manage the distribution of risk mean that workers bear the heaviest burden in globalised apparel supply chains. Law and associated normative frameworks seek to strengthen collective worker voice and other worker rights to tip the scales of unequal bargaining power to benefit the workers. However, some of the traditional tools of labour law such as unionising and collective bargaining have weakened over the years and exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a conceptual framework based on regulatory theory, feminist insights, and semi-autonomous social fields, this article examines the law-practice gap for regulating just wages within the apparel supply chain, responses, and how workers fight wage theft and carve out pathways to demand just wage standards. Drawing from the case of Sri Lanka, the article discusses how alternative forms of worker voice seek to fill in the implementation gaps. The findings of this study demonstrate worker initiatives to shape the regulation of just wages and how networked labour activism, especially by women workers, prompts to re-imagine structures of actor accountability on wage rights.
Disparities in the Representation of Sex, Race and Ethnicity in Tension-Type Headache Clinical Trials
Authors: Tao Brendan , Tsai Chia-Chen , Marzoughi Sina , Kalo Carmen , Lo Jaden , Ebadi Arya , Lagman-Bartolome Ana Marissa , Khosa Faisal 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
While tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common primary headache disorder, its effect according to sex, race and ethnicity remains unclear. We investigated disparities in sex, racial and ethnic representation in TTH clinical trials with comparison to global disease burdens. In this cross-sectional analysis, TTH clinical trials had female overrepresentation and racial and ethnic minority underrepresentation, which may affect understanding of the impact of TTH on different populations and personalized treatment development. Trial enrollment that is diverse and reflective of global disease burdens is crucial for improving study generalizability, understanding of diverse clinical presentations, and ensuring healthcare equity.
Quelques mythes à propos du système vocalique de l'arabe du Caire
Authors: Fathi Radwa 
Published: September 2024

RésuméDepuis Spitta-Bey (1880), une littérature riche et détaillée décrit invariablement l'inventaire vocalique de surface de l'arabe du Caire comme incluant des voyelles moyennes brèves, [e] et [o]. Une nouvelle ère s'ouvre un siècle plus tard avec l'apparition soudaine d'un consensus massif sur l'idée que les voyelles moyennes brèves ne sont pas attestées en arabe cairote. Une différence d'une telle nature et d'une telle ampleur a nécessairement des conséquences sur l'analyse du système phonologique. Certaines de ces conséquences sont mises en évidence dans le présent article. Il est montré que le déni de la présence de [e] et [o] dans la langue conduit mécaniquement à inférer l'existence de processus phonologiques fictifs, et qu'une description de la réalité impose la reconnaissance de ces voyelles. La littérature pertinente est passée en revue, des tests originaux permettant de vérifier cette affirmation sont proposés, ainsi que le témoignage de mesures instrumentales.
El Pueblo Tribal Afrodescendiente Chileno en el proceso constituyente, 2019–2022: De la exclusión al reconocimiento limitado
Authors: Mardones Marshall Antonia , Amigo Dürre Ricardo , Cortés Silva Carolina 
Published: September 2024

ResumenEl presente artículo aborda los alcances y limitaciones del reconocimiento obtenido por el Pueblo Tribal Afrodescendiente Chileno en el proceso constituyente iniciado en Chile luego de la revuelta social de 2019 y, particularmente, en las deliberaciones de la Convención Constitucional que sesionó entre 2021 y 2022. Además de analizar la presentación y votación de normas relacionadas con el Pueblo Tribal Afrodescendiente, el principal foco está puesto en los discursos de los/as convencionales constituyentes relacionados con dichas normas. Mediante un análisis crítico del discurso, se identifican tres ejes discursivos que enmarcaron el apoyo o rechazo de iniciativas en torno al reconocimiento afrodescendiente, vinculados al significado de la categoría jurídica de “pueblo tribal”, a la cuestión de la preexistencia y a la extranjerización. El artículo concluye con una discusión de las posturas adoptadas por diferentes sectores de la Convención, identificando algunos imaginarios que comportaron límites para la inclusión del pueblo afrochileno en la propuesta constitucional.
Pubertal timing mediates the association between threat adversity and psychopathology
Authors: Shaul Michelle , Whittle Sarah , Silk Timothy J. , Vijayakumar Nandita 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundExposure to adversity in childhood is a risk factor for lifetime mental health problems. Altered pace of biological aging, as measured through pubertal timing, is one potential explanatory pathway for this risk. This study examined whether pubertal timing mediated the association between adversity (threat and deprivation) and adolescent mental health problems (internalizing and externalizing), and whether this was moderated by sex.MethodsAims were examined using the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study, a large community sample from the United States. Data were used from three timepoints across the ages of 9–14 years. Latent scores from confirmatory factor analysis operationalized exposure to threat and deprivation. Bayesian mixed-effects regression models tested whether pubertal timing in early adolescence mediated the relationship between adversity exposure and later internalizing and externalizing problems. Sex was examined as a potential moderator of this pathway.ResultsBoth threat and deprivation were associated with later internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Threat, but not deprivation, was associated with earlier pubertal timing, which mediated the association of threat with internalizing and externalizing problems. Sex differences were only observed in the direct association between adversity and internalizing problems, but no such differences were present for mediating pathways.ConclusionsAdversity exposure had similar associations with the pace of biological aging (as indexed by pubertal timing) and mental health problems in males and females. However, the association of adversity on pubertal timing appears to depend on the dimension of adversity experienced, with only threat conferring risk of earlier pubertal timing.
Characteristics associated with progression to probable dementia with Lewy bodies in a cohort with very late-onset psychosis
Authors: Gibson Lucy L , Mueller Christoph , Stewart Robert , Aarsland Dag 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundVery late-onset psychosis (VLOP) is associated with higher rates of dementia but the proportion who develop dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is unknown. We aimed to identify individuals with VLOP who develop dementia and DLB and characterize the risk factors for progression.MethodsAnonymized data were retrieved from electronic records for individuals with VLOP. Patients developing dementia after psychosis were identified, in addition to those with >2 core features of DLB at the time of dementia or DLB identified by a natural language processing application (NLP-DLB). Demographic factors, Health of the National Outcome Scale (HoNOS) and symptoms at index psychosis were explored as predictors of progression to dementia.ResultsIn 1425 patients with VLOP over 4.29 years (mean) follow up, 197 (13.8%) received a subsequent diagnosis of dementia. Of these, 24.4% (n = 48) had >2 core features of DLB and 6% (n = 12) had NLP-DLB. In cox proportional hazard models, older age and cognitive impairment at the time of psychosis were associated with increased risk of incident dementia. Visual hallucinations and 2+ core features of DLB at index psychosis were associated with increased risk of dementia with 2+ symptoms of DLB but not all-cause dementia. Two or more core features of DLB at index psychosis were associated with 81% specificity and 67% sensitivity for incident NLP-DLB.ConclusionsIn patients with VLOP who develop dementia, core features of DLB are common. Visual hallucinations or two core features of DLB in VLOP should prompt clinicians to consider DLB and support further investigation.