bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ligand-Bound GeneSwitch Causes Developmental Aberrations inDrosophilathat Are Alleviated by the Alternative Oxidase
Authors: Andjelković Ana , Kemppainen Kia K , Jacobs Howard T 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCulture of Drosophila expressing the steroid-dependent GeneSwitch transcriptional activator under the control of the ubiquitous α-tubulin promoter was found to produce extensive pupal lethality, as well as a range of dysmorphic adult phenotypes, in the presence of high concentrations of the inducing drug RU486. Prominent among these was cleft thorax, seen previously in flies bearing mutant alleles of the nuclear receptor Ultraspiracle and many other mutants, as well as notched wings, leg malformations, and bristle abnormalities. Neither the α-tubulin-GeneSwitch driver nor the inducing drug on their own produced any of these effects. A second GeneSwitch driver, under the control of the daughterless promoter, which gave much lower and more tissue-restricted transgene expression, exhibited only mild bristle abnormalities in the presence of high levels of RU486. Coexpression of the alternative oxidase (AOX) from Ciona intestinalis produced a substantial shift in the developmental outcome toward a wild-type phenotype, which was dependent on the AOX expression level. Neither an enzymatically inactivated variant of AOX, nor GFP, or the alternative NADH dehydrogenase Ndi1 from yeast gave any such rescue. Users of the GeneSwitch system should be aware of the potential confounding effects of its application in developmental studies.
Aspergillus fumigatusMADS-Box Transcription FactorrlmAIs Required for Regulation of the Cell Wall Integrity and Virulence
Authors: Rocha Marina Campos , Fabri João Henrique Tadini Marilhano , Franco de Godoy Krissia , Alves de Castro Patrícia , Hori Juliana Issa , Ferreira da Cunha Anderson , Arentshorst Mark , Ram Arthur F J , van den Hondel Cees A M J J , Goldman Gustavo Henrique , Malavazi Iran 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Cell Wall Integrity (CWI) pathway is the primary signaling cascade that controls the de novo synthesis of the fungal cell wall, and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae this event is highly dependent on the RLM1 transcription factor. Here, we investigated the function of RlmA in the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. We show that the ΔrlmA strain exhibits an altered cell wall organization in addition to defects related to vegetative growth and tolerance to cell wall-perturbing agents. A genetic analysis indicated that rlmA is positioned downstream of the pkcA and mpkA genes in the CWI pathway. As a consequence, rlmA loss-of-function leads to the altered expression of genes encoding cell wall-related proteins. RlmA positively regulates the phosphorylation of MpkA and is induced at both protein and transcriptional levels during cell wall stress. The rlmA was also involved in tolerance to oxidative damage and transcriptional regulation of genes related to oxidative stress adaptation. Moreover, the ΔrlmA strain had attenuated virulence in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Our results suggest that RlmA functions as a transcription factor in the A. fumigatus CWI pathway, acting downstream of PkcA-MpkA signaling and contributing to the virulence of this fungus.
A Split-Ubiquitin Based Strategy Selecting for Protein Complex-Interfering Mutations
Authors: Gronemeyer Thomas , Chollet Julian , Werner Stefan , Glomb Oliver , Bäuerle Anne , Johnsson Nils 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Understanding the topologies and functions of protein interaction networks requires the selective removal of single interactions. We introduce a selection strategy that enriches among a random library of alleles for mutations that impair the binding to a given partner protein. The selection makes use of a split-ubiquitin based protein interaction assay. This assay provides yeast cells that carry protein complex disturbing mutations with the advantage of being able to survive on uracil-lacking media. Applied to the exemplary interaction between the PB domains of the yeast proteins Bem1 and Cdc24, we performed two independent selections. The selections were either analyzed by Sanger sequencing of isolated clones or by next generation sequencing (NGS) of pools of clones. Both screens enriched for the same mutation in position 833 of Cdc24. Biochemical analysis confirmed that this mutation disturbs the interaction with Bem1 but not the fold of the protein. The larger dataset obtained by NGS achieved a more complete representation of the bipartite interaction interface of Cdc24.
Identification of Genes inCandida glabrataConferring Altered Responses to Caspofungin, a Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor
Authors: Rosenwald Anne G , Arora Gaurav , Ferrandino Rocco , Gerace Erica L , Mohammednetej Maedeh , Nosair Waseem , Rattila Shemona , Subic Amanda Zirzow , Rolfes Ronda 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCandida glabrata is an important human fungal pathogen whose incidence continues to rise. Because many clinical isolates are resistant to azole drugs, the drugs of choice to treat such infections are members of the echinocandin family, although there are increasing reports of resistance to these drugs as well. In efforts to better understand the genetic changes that lead to altered responses to echinocandins, we screened a transposon-insertion library of mutants for strains to identify genes that are important for cellular responses to caspofungin, a member of this drug family. We identified 16 genes that, when disrupted, caused increased tolerance, and 48 genes that, when disrupted, caused increased sensitivity compared to the wild-type parental strain. Four of the genes identified as causing sensitivity are orthologs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes encoding proteins important for the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway. In addition, several other genes are orthologs of the high affinity Ca2+ uptake system (HACS) complex genes. We analyzed disruption mutants representing all 64 genes under 33 different conditions, including the presence of cell wall disrupting agents and other drugs, a variety of salts, increased temperature, and altered pH. Further, we generated knockout mutants in different genes within the CWI pathway and the HACS complex, and found that they too exhibited phenotypes consistent with defects in cell wall construction. Our results indicate that small molecules that inhibit the CWI pathway, or that the HACS complex, may be an important means of increasing the efficacy of caspofungin.
A Splice Defect in the EDA Gene in Dogs with an X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (XLHED) Phenotype
Authors: Waluk Dominik P , Zur Gila , Kaufmann Ronnie , Welle Monika M , Jagannathan Vidhya , Drögemüller Cord , Müller Eliane J , Leeb Tosso , Galichet Arnaud 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) caused by variants in the EDA gene represents the most common ectodermal dysplasia in humans. We investigated three male mixed-breed dogs with an ectodermal dysplasia phenotype characterized by marked hypotrichosis and multifocal complete alopecia, almost complete absence of sweat and sebaceous glands, and altered dentition with missing and abnormally shaped teeth. Analysis of SNP chip genotypes and whole genome sequence data from the three affected dogs revealed that the affected dogs shared the same haplotype on a large segment of the X-chromosome, including the EDA gene. Unexpectedly, the whole genome sequence data did not reveal any nonsynonymous EDA variant in the affected dogs. We therefore performed an RNA-seq experiment on skin biopsies to search for changes in the transcriptome. This analysis revealed that the EDA transcript in the affected dogs lacked 103 nucleotides encoded by exon 2. We speculate that this exon skipping is caused by a genetic variant located in one of the large introns flanking this exon, which was missed by whole genome sequencing with the illumina short read technology. The altered EDA transcript splicing most likely causes the observed ectodermal dysplasia in the affected dogs. These dogs thus offer an excellent opportunity to gain insights into the complex splicing processes required for expression of the EDA gene, and other genes with large introns.
Matematinio raštingumo samprata
Authors: Dudaitė Jolita 
Published: August 2016

Straipsnyje nagrinėjant matematinio raštingumo sampratą, pateikiama matematinio raštingumo terminų, randamų mokslinėje literatūroje, analizė, atskleidžiami matematikos ir matematinio raštingumo skirtumai.Nors matematinis raštingumo samprata priklauso nuo istorinio, kultūrinio konteksto ir nėra vieno teisingo matematinio raštingumo apibrėžimo, vis dėlto galima išskirti sudedamuosius matematinio raštingumo elementus. Tai - būtinos matematinės žinios, visuotinumas, temų aktualumas, loginis (matematinis, kritinis) mąstymas, matematinis argumentavimas, sprendimų darymas, skaičių „jausmas”, simbolių „jausmas”, erdvinis mąstymas, praktiniai gebėjimai, duomenų interpretavimas, būtinos matematinės žinios, matematika kontekste, kultūrinis aspektas, „susigyvenimas” su matematika (angl. confidence with mathematics), matematinė komunikacija, duomenų ir rezultatų reprezentavimas, darbas su informacija, eksperimentavimas, modeliavimas, technologijų ir matematinių įrankių naudojimas, nuostatos matematikos atžvilgiu. Išskirtieji elementai leidžia sudaryti matematinio raštingumo modelį.
Identifying Communication-Impaired Pediatric Patients Using Detailed Hospital Administrative Data
Authors: Hill Douglas L. , Carroll Karen W. , Dai Dingwei , Faerber Jennifer A. , Dougherty Susan L. , Feudtner Chris 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Pediatric inpatients with communication impairment may experience inadequate pain and symptom management. Research regarding potential variation in care among patients with and without communication impairment is hampered because existing pediatric databases do not include information about patient communication ability per se, even though these data sets do contain information about diagnoses and medical interventions that are probably correlated with the probability of communication impairment. Our objective was to develop and evaluate a classification model to identify patients in a large administrative database likely to be communication impaired.METHODS:Our sample included 236 hospitalized patients aged ≥12 months whose ability to communicate about pain had been assessed. We randomly split this sample into development (n = 118) and validation (n = 118) sets. A priori, we developed a set of specific diagnoses, technology dependencies, procedures, and medications recorded in the Pediatric Health Information System likely to be strongly associated with communication impairment. We used logistic regression modeling to calculate the probability of communication impairment for each patient in the development set, assessed the model performance, and evaluated the performance of the 11-variable model in the validation set.RESULTS:In the validation sample, the classification model showed excellent classification accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.92; sensitivity 82.6%; 95% confidence interval, 74%–100%; specificity 86.3%; 95% confidence interval, 80%–97%). For the complete sample, the predicted probability of communication impairment demonstrated excellent calibration with the observed communication impairment status.CONCLUSIONS:Hospitalized pediatric patients with communication impairment can be accurately identified in a large hospital administrative database.
Comorbidity and Childhood Epilepsy: A Nationwide Registry Study
Authors: Aaberg Kari Modalsli , Bakken Inger Johanne , Lossius Morten I. , Lund Søraas Camilla , Håberg Siri Eldevik , Stoltenberg Camilla , Surén Pål , Chin Richard 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Children with epilepsy are at increased risk of other disorders and difficulties, preceding, cooccurring with, or after the diagnosis of epilepsy. Risk estimates vary, few studies are population-based, and few provide comprehensive assessments of comorbidities. We used nationwide registry data to describe frequencies of medical, neurologic, developmental, and psychiatric conditions occurring before and after children are diagnosed with childhood epilepsy.METHODS:Data were obtained from the Norwegian Patient Registry, which is an administrative database recording International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision diagnoses from all government-funded specialist health services in Norway (outpatient consultations and hospitalizations). We included data from the years 2008 through 2013 for all children born in Norway between 1996 and 2013 (0–17 years of age at the end of follow-up). Children with epilepsy were compared with the general child population, adjusting for sex and age. We also compared children with complicated epilepsies (ie, epilepsies with additional neurologic and/or developmental disorders) to children with uncomplicated epilepsies.RESULTS:The study population included 1 125 161 children. There were 6635 (0.6%) children with epilepsy. Nearly 80% of children with epilepsy had ≥1 comorbid disorder. All types of disorders were more frequent in children with epilepsy, with additional medical disorders recorded in 55%, neurologic disorders in 41%, and developmental/psychiatric disorders in 43%. Children with complicated epilepsies had the highest overall levels of comorbidity, but the risk of medical and psychiatric comorbidities was also substantial among children with uncomplicated epilepsies.CONCLUSIONS:The overall frequency of comorbid disease is high in children with epilepsy, including children with presumably uncomplicated epilepsies.
Summer 2014
Authors: Lal Hamish 
Published: August 2016

I attended the ICE Alternative Dispute Resolution Workshop held in January. It was an informative and compelling workshop, and for me provided the additional bonus of obtaining feedback on Construction Law Quarterly One specific comment was that there ought to be more written on international issues (especially since many readers are involved in projects in the Middle East) and more written on arbitration. I have therefore devoted considerable space in this issue to providing an ‘arbitration update’ that takes in the UK, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Japan. I have also chosen to report a case that examines how a fitness-for-purpose obligation works in circumstances where the contractor is required to follow a particular specified design code. The case has significant legal, technical, engineering and commercial implications for readers with specific sector interest in the design and construction of so-called ‘grouted connections’ in offshore wind turbine foundations. The court supported the proposition that the existence of an express warranty of fitness for purpose by the contractor can trump the obligation to comply with the specification, even though that specification may contain an error. Next we look at two cases dealing with statutory adjudication. The first, Laker Vent Engineering Ltd v. Jacobs E&C Ltd is likely to be followed, discussed and debated in a number of subsequent cases. It deals with whether a general reservation of position can still allow an unhappy party to resist enforcement in circumstances where it has sought to apply the slip rule or made payment; what is the ‘site’ in the context of the exception discussed at section 105(2) of the Construction Act; and whether an adjudication relating to a project in Scotland can use the English scheme in circumstances where the governing law is that of England and Wales. The second case, University of Brighton v. Dovehouse Interiors Ltd, looked at what commences adjudication proceedings – the notice of adjudication or the referral? As readers will be aware, this issue becomes very important in the context of conclusiveness of final certificates. Finally, we end with an excellent article from David Sears QC. David looks at 199 Knightsbridge Developments Ltd v. WSP (UK) Ltd, a case which highlights the fact that it will not always be a defence to a professional negligence claim to do what others have been doing unquestioningly for some time. The case also re-emphasises the need for a designer to keep a design under review, and to advise the client whenever he or she becomes aware of new information that should lead to a revision of the design.
Variable step closed-loop power control with space diversity for low elevation angle High Altitude Platforms communication channel [Langkah variabel kontrol daya tertutup dengan keragaman ruang untuk sudut elevasi rendah pada kanal komunikasi HAPs]
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar , Kurniawan Adit , Ernawan Mohamad Erick 
Published: August 2016

This paper proposes variable step closed loop power control algorithm combined with space diversity to improve the performance of High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) communication at low elevation angle using Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). In this contribution, we first develop HAPs channel model which is derived from experimental measurement. From our experiment, we found HAPs channel characteristic can be modeled as a Ricean distribution because the presence of line of sight path. Different elevation angle resulting different K factor value. This value is then used in Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) based closed loop power control evaluation. The variable step algorithm is simulated under various elevation angles with different speed of mobile user. The performance is presented in terms of user elevation angle, user speed, step size and space diversity order. We found that the performance of variable step closed-loop power control less effective at low elevation angle. However our simulation shows that space diversity is able to improve the performance of closed loop power control for HAPs channel at low elevation angle.*****Kajian ini mengusulkan suatu algoritma kontrol daya langkah variabel loop tertutup dikombinasikan dengan keragaman ruang untuk meningkatkan kinerja komunikasi High Altitude Platforms(HAPs) pada sudut elevasi rendah menggunakan Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). Kami berkontribusi untuk mengembangkan model kanal HAPs yang berasal dari pengukuran eksperimental sebelumnya. Dari percobaan tersebut, kami menemukan karakteristik kanal HAPs yang dapat dimodelkan sebagai distribusi Ricean karena kehadiran jalur tanpa penghalang. Eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan sudut elevasi menghasilkan perbedaan nilai factor K. Nilai ini kemudian digunakan dalam Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) berbasiskan evaluasi kontrol daya loop tertutup. Algoritma langkah variabel disimulasikan dibawah sudut elevasi yang berbeda dengan kecepatan yang berbeda dari pengguna vobile. Kinerja tersebut disajikan dalam hal sudut elevasi pengguna, kecepatan pengguna, ukuran langkah dan ketertiban ruang keanekaragaman. Kami menemukan bahwa kinerja langkah variabel kontrol daya loop tertutup kurang efektif pada sudut elevasi rendah. Namun simulasi kami menunjukkan bahwa ruang keragaman mampu meningkatkan kinerja kontrol daya loop tertutup untuk kanal HAPs di sudut elevasi rendah.
Raptor’s “Right Hunger” Characterization to Develop Sustainable Exclusion Areas for wildlife at Civil & Military Airports
Authors: González Jose Luis Roca , López Juan Antonio Vera , Martínez Manuel Fernández 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The bird strike damage on aircrafts is a widely studied matter [1] with a high economic impact on stakeholders finances. Some authors estimate it in about USD1.2 Billion for nowadays commercial worldwide activity [2], and more than USD937 million in direct and other monetary losses per year just for the United States, as an example of civil aviation industry [3]. The present techniques to face this problem have been previously analyzed in order to decrease the wild life hazards at the airport facilities [4] however nowadays there is a new point of view to prevent this risk at airports that requires an interesting approach in relationship with industrial process improvement examples, such approach lies on preserving the natural life at the airport facilities by developing raptor micro-habitats than change into exclusion areas when the risk of being hunted is recognized by the existing wildlife.
Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to share several experiences developed at the Spanish dual airport (military & civilian) of San Javier (Spain), as a case of study in where the mathematics and nonlinear sciences provides the foundations of the ontological knowledge for falconry performance as a Wildlife Control Technique for airport facilities.
Growing Dedicated Energy Crops on Marginal Lands and Ecosystem Services
Authors: Blanco-Canqui Humberto 
Published: August 2016

Core Ideas
Dedicated bioenergy crops can enhance ecosystem services in marginal lands.
Ecosystem services vary with the type of marginal land.
More field data are needed about the performance of energy crops on marginal lands.
Marginal lands are candidates for growing dedicated energy crops such as perennial warm‐season grasses (WSGs) and short‐rotation woody crops (SRWCs), but actual field data on ecosystem services have not been widely discussed. This review (i) discusses potential marginal lands studied for energy crop production, (ii) considers the impacts of energy crops on ecosystem services, and (iii) underlines research needs. Some marginal or degraded lands studied for energy crops include highly erodible, flood‐prone, compacted, saline, acid, contaminated, or sandy soils, reclaimed minesoils, urban marginal sites, and abandoned or degraded croplands. Field data are few but indicate that ecosystem services vary with the type of marginal land, management (i.e., fertilizer or amendment rates), and perennial species. Biomass yields can vary between 1 and 14 Mg ha−1 yr−1 under WSGs and between 0.5 and 9.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1 under SRWCs. Growing energy crops on marginal lands can reduce water and wind erosion, sequester soil C between 0.25 and 4 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, restore contaminated or compacted soils, and improve biodiversity. Fertilization or addition of organic amendments increases biomass yield and C sequestration on marginal lands. Future research on energy crops on marginal lands should evaluate (i) all ecosystem services, (ii) site‐specific management strategies, (iii) species tolerant to adverse climatic, soil, and environmental conditions, and (vi) economic viability, among others. Overall, dedicated bioenergy crops can provide biofuel feedstocks and other ecosystem services, but more experimental data are needed to reduce the uncertainty regarding the performance of energy crops under different types of marginal or degraded lands.