bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding the cyanobacterial flora of India: Multiple novel species of Nostoc and Desmonostoc from Jammu and Kashmir, India using a polyphasic approach
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Saraf Aniket , Pal Sagarika , Singh Prashant 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis investigation reports the polyphasic characterization of six cyanobacterial strains that were isolated from Basantgarh village of district Udhampur in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Morphological examination of the isolated strains indicated that the strains are members of the genus Nostoc or its morphotypes. Phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA gene showed that five strains clustered in the Nostoc sensu stricto clade, whereas one strain clustered in the Desmonostoc clade. Further, comparative studies with their phylogenetically related taxa, based on morphology, folded secondary structures, phylogeny of the ITS rRNA region, and the percent genetic homology of 16S rRNA gene and ITS rRNA region clearly established the strains as novel taxa belonging to the genera Nostoc and Desmonostoc. Also, two strains 21A‐PS and 2JNA‐PS emerged as conspecific to each other, representing the same species of Nostoc. Hence, in accordance with the International code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, this study describes Nostoc jammuense, Nostoc globosum, Nostoc breve, and Nostoc coriaceum, as novel species of the genus Nostoc, while Desmonostoc raii is described as a novel species of the genus Desmonostoc. This study adds novel species of Nostoc from Indian habitats and reinforces the need to explore the Nostoc sensu stricto clade for more novel taxa.
Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition impairs triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 in periodontal tissue
Authors: Vargas Breno da Silva , Vargas Bruno Sérgio Ferreira , Clemente‐Napimoga Juliana Trindade , Hammock Bruce D. , Abdalla Henrique B. , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Napimoga Marcelo H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsPeriodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory disorder affecting the oral cavity, driven by dysbiotic oral biofilm and host immune response interactions. While the major clinical focus of periodontitis treatment is currently controlling oral biofilm, understanding the immune response is crucial to prevent disease progression. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition has shown promise in preventing alveolar bone resorption. Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs) play pivotal roles in regulating inflammation and bone homeostasis, and dysregulation of TREM signaling is implicated in periodontitis. Here, we investigated the impact of sEH inhibition on TREM 1 and 2 expression, associated with inflammatory cytokines, and histologically assessed the inflammatory infiltrate in periodontal tissue.MethodsThe experimental periodontitis model was induced by placing a ligature around the upper second molar. For 14 days, animals were treated daily with a sEH inhibitor (TPPU) or vehicle. The alveolar bone loss was examined using a methylene blue stain. Gingival tissues were used to measure the mRNA expression of TREM‐1, TREM‐2, IKKβ, NF‐κB, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α by RT‐qPCR. Another set of experiments was performed to determine the histological inflammatory scores.ResultsIn a ligature‐induced periodontitis model, sEH inhibition prevented alveolar bone loss and reduced TREM1 expression, albeit with a slight elevation compared to the disease‐free group. In contrast, TREM2 expression remained elevated, suggesting sustained immunomodulation favoring resolution. The inhibition of sEH reduced the expression of NF‐κB, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α, while no differences were found in the expression of IL‐6, IL‐8, and IKKβ. In histological analysis, sEH inhibition reduced the inflammatory leukocyte infiltrate in periodontal tissues close to the ligature.ConclusionThese findings underscore the potential of sEH inhibition to modulate periodontal inflammation by regulating TREM‐1 alongside decreased IL‐1β and TNF‐α expression, highlighting a promising therapeutic approach for periodontitis management.
REM sleep and mental disorders on the 70th anniversary of the discovery of REM sleep
Authors: Benca Ruth M. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe discovery of rapid eye movement sleep in 1953 led to numerous studies investigating the relationship between rapid eye movement sleep abnormalities and psychiatric disorders. The most salient findings were the association of rapid eye movement sleep alterations—reduced rapid eye movement sleep latency, increased rapid eye movement sleep volume of total sleep, and increased rapid eye movement density—with major depression. This paper briefly reviews the history of rapid eye movement sleep research in psychiatry with a focus on the work related to major depressive disorder and some of the various theories that have been proposed to explain the associated rapid eye movement sleep abnormalities. Given the increasing evidence that rapid eye movement sleep is important for emotional processing, memory and cognition, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms for the relationship between rapid eye movement sleep and mood disorders could lead to improved treatments for these common and disabling illnesses.
Fecal microbiota of diarrheic calves: Before, during, and after recovering from disease
Authors: Jessop Emma , Renaud David L. , Verbrugghe Adronie , Obregon Dasiel , Macnicol Jenniffer , McMahon Aoife , Li Lynna , Gamsjäger Lisa , Gomez Diego E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown if gastrointestinal dysbiosis in diarrheic calves causes disease or is a consequence of the disease.ObjectivesDescribe the fecal microbiota of calves before, during, and after recovering from diarrhea.AnimalsFifteen female Holstein calves of 0 to 21 days old from a single farm. Seven calves remained healthy throughout the study, and 8 developed diarrhea on Day 14.MethodsLongitudinal cohort study. Microbiota composition was characterized by amplifying the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene.ResultsDiversity (Shannon index) increased with age in healthy and diarrheic calves from Day 3 to 21, but diarrheic calves had a lower diversity on the day diarrhea was first observed (Day 14). By Day 21, diversity increased in calves that recovered from diarrhea and was not significantly different from that of their healthy counterparts (P > .05). Weighted UniFrac distance showed significant differences in the fecal microbiota between diarrheic and healthy calves at Day 14 of age (PERMANOVA, P < .05), but not before or after diarrhea (PERMANOVA, P > .05). Lactobacillus, Clostridium Sensu Stricto 1, and Collinsella were differentially abundant on Day 10 in calves that developed diarrhea on Day 14 (P < .05).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe fecal microbiota of healthy and diarrheic calves evolved similarly during the first 10 days of age but differed significantly on the day of onset of diarrhea. Enriching Lactobacillus, Clostridium Sensu Stricto 1, and Collinsella before diarrhea onset could have been contributed to the development of diarrhea.
Introducing John Ganim's Theatricality, Medievalism, and Orientalism
Authors: Queen Christopher 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe following introduction provides a personal and critical backdrop for a cluster of five essays that celebrate the pedagogical and scholarly career of Dr. John Ganim following his recent retirement from the University of California, Riverside. By way of a brief review of Ganim's Chaucerian Theatricality and Medievalism and Orientalism, this introduction highlights the foundational arguments of Ganim's book‐length studies to provide prefatory context for the essays that follow from the cluster's contributing authors: Stephanie Trigg (University of Melbourne), Louise D'Arcens (Macquarie University), Seth Lerer (University of California, San Diego), Andrea Denny‐Brown (University of California, Riverside), and Shayne Legassie (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill).
Adaptive potential in the face of a transmissible cancer in Tasmanian devils
Authors: Strickland Kasha , Jones Menna E. , Storfer Andrew , Hamede Rodrigo K. , Hohenlohe Paul A. , Margres Mark J. , McCallum Hamish I. , Comte Sebastien , Lachish Shelly , Kruuk Loeske E. B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEmerging infectious diseases (EIDs) not only cause catastrophic declines in wildlife populations but also generate selective pressures that may result in rapid evolutionary responses. One such EID is devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) in the Tasmanian devil. DFTD is almost always fatal and has reduced the average lifespan of individuals by around 2 years, likely causing strong selection for traits that reduce susceptibility to the disease, but population decline has also left Tasmanian devils vulnerable to inbreeding depression. We analysed 22 years of data from an ongoing study of a population of Tasmanian devils on Freycinet Peninsula, Tasmania, to (1) identify whether DFTD may be causing selection on body size, by estimating phenotypic and genetic correlations between DFTD and size traits, (2) estimate the additive genetic variance of susceptibility to DFTD, and (3) investigate whether size traits or susceptibility to DFTD were under inbreeding depression. We found a positive phenotypic relationship between head width and susceptibility to DFTD, but this was not underpinned by a genetic correlation. Conversely, we found a negative phenotypic relationship between body weight and susceptibility to DFTD, and there was evidence for a negative genetic correlation between susceptibility to DFTD and body weight. There was additive genetic variance in susceptibility to DFTD, head width and body weight, but there was no evidence for inbreeding depression in any of these traits. These results suggest that Tasmanian devils have the potential to respond adaptively to DFTD, although the realised evolutionary response will critically further depend on the evolution of DFTD itself.
Editing of the MeSWEET10a promoter yields bacterial blight resistance in cassava cultivar SC8
Authors: Wang Yajie , Geng Mengting , Pan Ranran , Zhang Tong , Lu Xiaohua , Zhen Xinghou , Che Yannian , Li Ruimei , Liu Jiao , Chen Yinhua , Guo Jianchun , Yao Yuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCassava starch is a widely used raw material for industrial production and food source for people. However, cassava bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) results in severe yield losses and is the most destructive bacterial disease in all worldwide cassava‐growing regions. Xam11 is a highly pathogenic subspecies from China that infects the Chinese local cassava South China No. 8 (SC8) cultivar with marked symptoms. This study showed that the transcription activator‐like effector TALE20Xam11 of Xam11 strain regulates the expression of disease‐susceptibility gene MeSWEET10a by binding to the EBETALE20 region of the MeSWEET10a promoter in cassava cultivar SC8. CRISPR/Cas9‐generated mutations of the EBETALE20 region resulted in a significant reduction in MeSWEET10a expression after infection by Xam11, correlating with reduced disease symptoms, smaller lesion sizes and decreased bacterial proliferation compared with the wild type. Importantly, the edited plants maintained normal growth, development and yield characteristics under greenhouse conditions. The results lay a research foundation for breeding resistant cassava cultivar SC8 to bacterial blight.
LL37‐DNA Complex Drives Vitiligo Progression Through TLR9‐MyD88 Signaling Pathways
Authors: Wang Jingying , Mao Hanxiao , Liu Rulan , Zeng Ziyuan , Xie Lvsha , Yang Yan , He Yuanmin 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTVitiligo is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic depigmentation and milk‐white patches on the skin. Skin infiltration by autoreactive CD8+ T cells causes melanocyte destruction in vitiligo. Multiple risk factors, particularly immune‐related inflammatory factors, are involved in the disappearance of melanocytes. LL37 is a classic damage‐associated molecular pattern molecule that is involved in the development of various autoimmune diseases. An enhanced expression of LL37 in vitiligo is known; however, the exact role of LL37 in melanocyte loss has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we detected increased LL37 expression in vitiligo serum and lesions. Furthermore, we confirmed that cultured keratinocytes released LL37 after treatment with H2O2. Moreover, the LL37‐DNA complex enhanced the secretion of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL16 from keratinocytes via the TLR9‐MyD88 signaling pathway and facilitated the migration of CD8+ T cells. Altogether, our study demonstrates that LL37 released from keratinocytes binds to DNA and contributes to melanocyte destruction under oxidative stress‐induced autoimmunity in vitiligo.
Expression of AtNF‐YB1 activates early flowering, showing potential in breeding hybrid rice
Authors: Peng Meifang , Gan Feng , Pan Chunmei , Lin Xiaomin , Lin Feng , Ren Yuanhang , Na Shungui , Zhu Xinhai , Tang Wenwen , Wu Zhixue , Fan Xiaoli , Chen Kegui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe nuclear factor Y (NF‐Y) has been shown to be involved in plant growth and development in response to various environmental signals. However, the integration of these mechanisms into breeding practices for new cultivars has not been extensively investigated. In this study, the Arabidopsis gene AtNF‐YB1 was introduced into rice, including inbred Kasalath and the hybrids Jinfeng × Chenghui 727 and Jinfeng × Chuanhui 907. The obtained transgenic rice showed early flowering under both natural long day (NLD) and natural short day (NSD) conditions. For the inbred Kasalath, the transgenic lines clearly showed a shorter plant height and lower grain yield, with a decrease in spike length and grain number but more productive panicles. However, the hybrids with AtNF‐YB1 had much smaller or even zero reduction in spike length and grain number and more productive panicles. Thus, maintained or even increased grain yields of the transgenic hybrids were recorded under the NLD conditions. Quantitative PCR analysis indicated that the rice flowering initiation pathways were early activated via the suppression of Ghd7 induction in the transgenic rice. RNA‐Seq further demonstrated that three pathways related to plant photosynthesis were markedly upregulated in both Jinfeng B and the hybrid Jinfeng × Chuanhui 907 with AtNF‐YB1 expression. Moreover, physiological experiments showed an upregulation of photosynthetic rates in the transgenic lines. Taken together, this study suggests that AtNF‐YB1 expression in rice not only induces early flowering but also benefits photosynthesis, which might be used to develop hybrid varieties with early ripening.
Developmental Competence of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos and Interspecies ICSI Zygotes From Bovine Small Antral Follicles
Authors: Duy Pham‐Truong , Nhu Bui Le Quynh , Dinh Pham Quoc , Nam Cao Hoang , Phuong Lam Do Truc , Tri Dao Quang , Chien Pham Minh , Nguyen Nhat‐Thinh , Van Thuan Nguyen , Bui Hong‐Thuy 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAssisted reproductive technologies (ART) play a crucial role in conserving threatened wildlife species such as Bos gaurus. ART requires a large number of mature oocytes, and small antral follicles (SAFs) in the ovary are often used to obtain abundant sources of bovine oocytes. However, oocytes from SAFs often experience difficulty completing maturation and obtaining high quality and quantity of blastocyst formation compared to fully grown oocytes. This study aimed to increase the number of high‐quality mature oocytes and improve their potential for ART applications in cloned and interspecies intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryos by utilising L‐ascorbic acid (LAA) in pre in vitro maturation (pre‐IVM) culture. First, oocytes isolated from SAFs were cultured with the duration of pre‐IVM 0, 6, 8, 10 h and different concentrations of LAA to determine good conditions for oocyte maturation. Then, mature oocytes were assessed for their developmental competence through parthenogenesis, cloned and interspecies ICSI embryos. The results showed that 8‐h pre‐IVM with 50 μg/mL LAA improved the maturation rate and developmental competence of parthenogenetic and clone embryos, especially, improving the high blastocyst quality by increasing cell number and expression of histone acetylation at lysine 9 (H3K9ac). In addition, the culture process improved the nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells after nuclear transfer into mature oocytes, resulting in an increased hatching rate of cloned embryos. It also enhanced the activation and the pronuclear formation rate of Gaurus‐Taurus zygotes. Overall, the established pre‐IVM culture method enhanced the meiotic and developmental competence of embryos. This procedure opened hope for the preservation of endangered species and other applications.
The political identity of China's emerging youth
Authors: Qin Guangqiang , Li Xuehan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe examine the political identity and its determinants of China's young generation who are increasingly emerging from new industries and platforms.MethodsUsing survey data collected in China in 2020 from a representative sample, we employ Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and quantile regression models to analyze the effects of multiple factors on the political identity of emerging youth. Additionally, we employ the Shapley value decomposition method to compare the explanatory contributions of different factors. The instrumental variable method (2SLS) is also used to address the possible endogeneity between public participation and political identity.ResultsWe find that the overall political identity of emerging youth scores high, and “authority resilience” rather than “identity decline” is a more suitable term to describe the political identity of this group. Educational enlightenment does not dissolve political identity; the higher the economic benefits and the stronger the sense of external political efficacy, the greater the political identity of China's emerging youth. Young people who are willing to participate in public affairs but lack access to the channels to do so have a lower degree of political identity.ConclusionGovernance performance theory and institutional environment theory have more explanatory power than culturalism for understanding the political identity of emerging youth. Although postmaterialistic values prevail among the young generations, they are unlikely to challenge the legitimacy of the Chinese regime in the short term.
The closed future
Authors: Torrengo Giuliano 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMany philosophers take for granted that there is a strong pre‐theoretical intuition that the future is open and that it is worth trying to make sense of that intuition in theoretical terms. In this paper, I give a characterisation of the ordinary intuition in terms of three elements: our sense of agency, the difference in normativity between memories and expectations and naïve understanding of causality. Those intuitions allow us to pin down certain desiderata that an account of openness should respect. Firstly, the fact that the future is open is not merely due to our epistemic situation (the fact that we do not know what the future will bring). Secondly, openness is not merely a matter of nomological indeterminism; even if indeterminism is part of what makes the future open, it cannot be the end of the story. Thirdly, openness requires more than ‘modal flexibility’ (i.e. the fact that the future could be different from what actually will be). I provide a minimal theory of openness, which respects those desiderata and which is based on the semantic notion of unsettledness and the metaphysical notion of indeterminacy. Roughly, the future is open if future‐tensed claims concerning contingent matters are such that their truth value is presently unsettled, and they are semantically unsettled because the future is metaphysically indeterminate. I then argue that this theory is compatible with what I call the closed future view. According to the latter, there is only one way in which things will go, although, given indeterminism, it is unsettled which way it is. I then consider an objection to my compatibility claim: if the open future claim is metaphysically substantive, there should be a way to differentiate it from the closed future scenario. I consider whether a friend of openness could rely on a dynamic metaphysics of time (such as presentism, or the growing block view) in order to differentiate their position from the closed future scenario. I argue that the appeal to a dynamic universe is ineffective.
Beyond Repressed Memory: Current Alternative Solutions to the Controversy
Authors: Dodier Olivier , Otgaar Henry , Mangiulli Ivan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDebates surrounding the origin of recovered memories of child abuse have traditionally focused on two conflicting arguments, namely that these memories are either false memories or instances of repressed memories (i.e., reflecting the idea that people can unconsciously block traumatic autobiographical experiences and eventually regain access). While scientific evidence for the first is clearly established, the second is the subject of a controversy in the academic, clinical, and legal fields. This controversy rages on today. In this introductory article to our topic “Beyond Repressed Memory: Current Alternative Solutions to the Controversy,” we present alternative and more parsimonious explanations for repressed memories that we sorted into three categories: cognitive, motivational, and biological factors. Our aim is to provide a timely overview to help clinical and legal professionals, academics, and the general public to move beyond the idea that traumatic memories can be unconsciously repressed.
Recurrent excision of a hAT‐like transposable element in CmAPRR2 leads to the “shooting star” melon phenotype
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liao Shengjin , Zhang Jie , Sun Honghe , Li Shaofang , Zhang Haiying , Gong Guoyi , Shen Huolin , Xu Yong 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARYThe external appearance of fruit commodities is an essential trait that has profound effects on consumer preferences. A natural melon variety, characterized by an uneven and patchy arrangement of dark green streaks and spots on the white‐skinned rind, resembles shooting stars streaking across the sky; thus, this variety is called “Shooting Star” (SS). To investigate the mechanism underlying the SS melon rind pattern, we initially discovered that the variegated dark green color results from chlorophyll accumulation on the white skin. We then constructed a segregation population by crossing a SS inbred line with a white rind (WR) inbred line and used bulk segregant analysis (BSA) revealed that the SS phenotype is controlled by a single dominant gene, CmAPRR2, which has been previously confirmed to determine dark green coloration. Further genomic analysis revealed a hAT‐like transposable element (TE) inserted in CmAPRR2. This TE in CmAPRR2 is recurrently excised from rind tissues, activating the expression of CmAPRR2. This activation promotes the accumulation of chlorophyll, leading to the variegated dark green color on the rind, and ultimately resulting in the SS rind phenotype. Therefore, we propose that the SS phenotype results from the recurrent excision of the hAT‐like TE in CmAPRR2.