bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updating technology forecasting models using statistical control charts
Authors: Durmusoglu Alptekin 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop an approach that can detect abnormal deviations in the time series models for technology forecasting. The detected modifications provide a basis for understanding the determinants and impact of the corresponding change.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed approach is based on monitoring residual values (the difference between the observation and the forecasted value) continuously using statistical control charts (SCCs). The residuals that are out of the expected limits are considered an alert indicating a remarkable change. To demonstrate the use of the proposed approach, a time series model was fitted to a number of TV-related patent counts. Subsequently, model residuals were used to determine the limits of the SCCs.

Findings
A number of patents granted in the year 2012 violated the upper control limit. A further analysis has shown that there is a linkage between the abnormal patent counts and the emergence of LCD TVs.

Practical implications
Change in technology may dramatically affect the accuracy of a forecasting model. The need for a parameter update indicates a significant change (emergence or death of a technology) in the technological environment. This may lead to the revision of managerial actions in R&D plans and investment decisions.

Originality/value
The proposed methodology brings a novel approach for abnormal data detection and provides a basis for understanding the determinants and impact of the corresponding change.
The importance of confidence in leadership role
Authors: Söderhjelm Teresa Martha , Larsson Gerry , Sandahl Christer , Björklund Christina , Palm Kristina 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the influence of leadership programmes on leaders and co-workers, as well as which mechanisms are involved in the process.

Design/methodology/approach
An analysis was done into 431 free-text answers to questionnaires given to 120 participants in two different leadership programmes and their co-workers six months after their participation, using a grounded theory inspired approach.

Findings
The result is a model, linking internal psychological and external behavioural aspects, with the central outcome that leaders gained more confidence in their leadership role through theoretical models learned, and reflection.

Research limitations/implications
The course participants as well as the co-workers seemed to experience a positive leadership development indicating a value of participating in the courses.

Practical implications
Confidence in leadership role seems important for having positive outcomes of leadership. Although this needs further research, it is something organisations should consider when working with leadership questions.

Social implications
The co-workers perceived their leaders to be calmer, more open for discussions, and willing both to give and receive feedback post training. There appears to be an increase in trust both in the leader and reciprocally from the leader in the co-workers.

Originality/value
Until now there has not been any systematic research into the effects on participants and co-workers following the programmes, despite the fact that over 100,000 have participated in the courses.
Effect of pre-strain and KMnO4 oxidation of carbon nanotubes embedded in polyurethane on strain dependent electrical resistance of the composite
Authors: Slobodian Petr , Riha Pavel , Olejnik Robert , Matyas Jiri 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The synergistic effect of functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) using KMnO4 oxidation and initial tensile deformation on the electrical resistance of nanotube network/polyurethane composite subjected to elongation was studied.

Design/methodology/approach
Though the initial deformation irreversibly changed the arrangement of carbon nanotube network, subsequent cyclic elongation confirmed stable resistance values. The increased strain-dependent resistance of stimulated nanotube network/polyurethane composite was demonstrated by monitoring vibration of tambour leather after a bead impact and finger flexion.

Findings
The results showed a tenfold composite resistance increase for the composite prepared from KMnO4 oxidized nanotubes, quantified by a so-called gauge factor, from a value of about 20 in comparison to the network prepared from pristine nanotubes. This is a substantial increase, which ranks the stimulated composite among materials with the highest electromechanical response.

Originality/value
The results in this paper are new and have not been published yet. The paper combines different ideas which are developed together. It presents a new concept of synergistic effect of CNT oxidation and application of pre-strain simulation. Oxidation and pre-strain increases by several times the sensitivity of the tested composites which are predetermined for use as strain sensors of various sizes and shapes.
Towards a taxonomy of intergenerational knowledge transfer practices
Authors: Kuyken Kerstin , Ebrahimi Mehran , Saives Anne-Laure 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to develop a better understanding of intergenerational knowledge transfer (IKT) practices by adopting a context-related and comparative perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative case study design involving 83 interviews and non-participative observation in German and Quebec organizations has been chosen.

Findings
Two distinctive archetypes of IKT emerge from both national contexts: “we-individualizing” (Germany) and “I-connecting” (Quebec), leading to an eightfold taxonomy of IKT practices.

Research limitations/implications
This research is limited to young and senior workers and to high-tech sectors.

Originality/value
Comparative and inductive study of IKT, adaptation of IKT practices to national contexts, retaining younger workers. This inductive and comparative study allows a better adaptation of IKT practices to national contexts and therefore a better retention of younger workers.
Safety of biologics in psoriasis
Authors: Kamata Masahiro , Tada Yayoi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe advent of biologics brought a paradigm shift in ways to treat psoriatic patients because they have dramatic efficacy. At the same time, safety concerns about biologics have been raised. In this paper, we focus on the safety profile of biologics for psoriasis. As of 2017, six biologics are available in Japan. Two tumor necrosis factor‐α inhibitors; infliximab and adalimumab, one anti‐interleukin (IL)‐12/23p40 antibody; ustekinumab, and IL‐17 inhibitors; secukinumab, ixekizumab and brodalumab. Secukinumab and ixekizumab are anti‐IL‐17A antibodies. Brodalumab is an anti‐IL17RA antibody. In this review, we pick up topics which have drawn attention regarding the safety of biologics and discuss them with recent published work.
Mouse models of psoriasis and their relevance
Authors: Nakajima Kimiko , Sano Shigetoshi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPsoriasis is an inflammatory skin disorder that includes dynamic interactions between the immune system and skin and is clinically characterized by keratinocyte proliferation and distinct inflammatory cell infiltrates. Cross‐talk between keratinocytes and immunocytes is essential for the development of psoriasis given that it mediates the production of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. To resolve the pathogenesis of psoriasis, numerous experimental animal models have been generated. In this review, we discuss recent findings from mouse models, their relevancy to psoriasis and use, including the discovery of new therapies.
Pathogenesis of psoriasis and development of treatment
Authors: Ogawa Eisaku , Sato Yuki , Minagawa Akane , Okuyama Ryuhei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe pathogenesis of psoriasis can be explained by dysregulation of immunological cell function as well as keratinocyte proliferation/differentiation. Recently, the immunological pathomechanism has been clarified substantially. Whereas T‐helper (Th)1 overactivation was thought to induce occurrence of psoriasis, it has been demonstrated that Th17 cells play a key role. Th17 development is maintained by interleukin (IL)‐23 mainly produced by dendritic cells. Th17 cells produce various cytokines, including IL‐17A, IL‐17F and IL‐22. IL‐17A and IL‐22 induce not only keratinocyte proliferation, but also tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand (CXCL)1 and CXCL8 production. TNF‐α accelerates the infiltration of inflammatory cells, including lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils, from the peripheral blood into skin with dendritic cell activation. In addition, antimicrobial peptides are overexpressed in psoriatic skin lesions, and the antimicrobial peptide, LL‐37, activates dendritic cells, which leads to the development of inflammation. Furthermore, activation of nuclear factor‐κB signal induces the expression of keratins 6 and 16 in keratinocytes, which are associated with acanthosis and reduced turnover time in the epidermis. The progression of the pathomechanism contributes to the development of new therapies for psoriasis.
Bifidobacteria alleviate experimentally induced colitis by upregulating indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase expression
Authors: Zhao Li , Suolang Yangzhen , Zhou Dandan , Tang Yu , Zhang Yan 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was explore the role of indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase (IDO) in the therapeutic effect of probiotics on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) was used to induce colitis in mice and 1‐methyltryptophan (1‐MT) to block expression of IDO. Clinical manifestations and macroscopic and microscopic colonic changes were assessed using a disease activity index (DAI), the Wallace–Keenan, and Curtner scoring systems, respectively. Expression of colonic IDO was detected by western blot. Immunohistochemistry analysis to evaluate numbers of CD11c+ cells and expression of IL‐17 and Foxp3 showed that DAI, Wallace–Keenan, and Curtner scores were lower in the Bifidobacteria treatment group than the control group and that the therapeutic effect of Bifidobacteria was blocked by 1‐MT (P < 0.05). Additionally, Bifidobacteria were found to increase expression of IDO and the numbers of CD11c+ cells, CD11c+ and IDO double positive cells and Foxp3+ Treg cells, while decreasing the number of IL‐17+cells (P < 0.05). The generation of Foxp3+ Treg cells induced by Bifidobacteria was abrogated by 1‐MT (P < 0.05). These findings study suggest that Bifidobacteria attenuate TNBS‐induced colitis by inducing expression of IDO, which further increases generation of Foxp3+ Treg cells.
Improving private land conservation with outcome‐based biodiversity payments
Authors: McDonald Jane A. , Helmstedt Kate J. , Bode Michael , Coutts Shaun , McDonald‐Madden Eve , Possingham Hugh P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Payments to private landholders for providing biodiversity land can improve conservation outside protected areas. Input‐based payments are widely used despite evidence they are often ineffective at improving biodiversity outcomes. Meanwhile, little has been done to assess how to use outcome‐based payments to maximize biodiversity, despite growing academic interest. We compare different outcome‐based allocation methods to assess which returns the greatest benefits for biodiversity.

We predicted the likely landholder actions in response to outcome‐based payments. We incorporated strategic interactions between landholders under four different funding allocation methods: the commonly applied “set‐price” allocation method; capacity‐based payments; proportional payment; and payment for change. We compared biodiversity outcomes (percentage change in abundance of a species of conservation interest), return on investment and cost‐effectiveness of each method.

The set‐price allocation method, despite its common usage, is the least cost‐effective method that we test. Regardless of cost, it only results in better biodiversity outcomes than other methods under a very narrow range of conditions (high initial target species abundance and low profitability).

The profitability of the property, and to a lesser degree initial population size, will influence which allocation method will perform best. Most perform well when the initial population of the species of conservation interest is very small and profitability negligible. Only one method—based on change in population—performs well across all scenarios. This method outperforms the others particularly when the property has a higher profitability and low initial numbers of animals.

Policy implications. Pursuing conservation on private land using outcome‐based payments for biodiversity can result in varied levels of success depending on the allocation methods used to support payment decisions. Allocation method choice should be based on a transparent analysis that incorporates both the dynamics of the ecological system and interactions between individual landholders. This analysis can guide adoption of funding allocation methods that greatly increase biodiversity outcomes.
The Politics of Medicaid: Most Americans Are Connected to the Program, Support Its Expansion, and Do Not View It as Stigmatizing
Authors: GROGAN COLLEEN M. , PARK SUNGGEUN (ETHAN) 
Published: December 2017

Policy Points:More than half of Americans are connected to the Medicaid program—either through their own coverage or that of a family member or close friend—and are significantly more likely to view Medicaid as important and to support increases in spending, even among conservatives. This finding helps explain why Affordable Care Act repeal efforts faced (and will continue to face) strong public backlash.Policymakers should be aware that although renaming programs within Medicaid may have increased enrollment take‐up, this destigmatization effort might have also increased program confusion and reduced support for Medicaid even among enrollees who say the program is important to them.ContextSince the 1980s, Medicaid enrollment has expanded so dramatically that by 2015 two‐thirds of Americans had some connection to the program in which either they themselves, a family member, or a close friend is currently or was previously enrolled.MethodsUtilizing a nationally representative survey—the Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: Medicare and Medicaid at 50 (n = 1,849)—and employing ordinal and logistic regression analyses, our study examines 3 questions: (1) are individuals with a connection to Medicaid more likely to view the program as important, (2) are they more likely to support an increase in Medicaid spending, and (3) are they more likely to support adoption of the Medicaid expansion offered under the Affordable Care Act? For each of these questions we examine whether partisanship and views of stigma also impact support for Medicaid and, if so, whether these factors overwhelm the impact of connection to the program.FindingsControlling for the strong effect of partisanship, people with any connection to the Medicaid program are more likely to view the program as important than those with no connection. However, when it comes to increasing spending or expanding the program, the type of connection to the program matters. In particular, adults with current and previous Medicaid coverage and those with a family member or close friend with Medicaid coverage are more likely to support increases in spending and the Medicaid expansion; but, those connected to Medicaid only through coverage of a child are no more likely to support Medicaid than those with no connection.ConclusionsFuture research should probe more deeply into whether people with different types of connection to Medicaid view the program differently, and, if so, how and why. Moreover, future research should also explore whether state‐level attempts to destigmatize Medicaid by renaming the program also serves to reduce knowledge and support for Medicaid.
On Effective Graphic Communication of Health Inequality: Considerations for Health Policy Researchers
Authors: ASADA YUKIKO , ABEL HANNAH , SKEDGEL CHRIS , WARNER GRACE 
Published: December 2017

Policy Points:Effective graphs can be a powerful tool in communicating health inequality. The choice of graphs is often based on preferences and familiarity rather than science.According to the literature on graph perception, effective graphs allow human brains to decode visual cues easily. Dot charts are easier to decode than bar charts, and thus they are more effective. Dot charts are a flexible and versatile way to display information about health inequality.Consistent with the health risk communication literature, the captions accompanying health inequality graphs should provide a numerical, explicitly calculated description of health inequality, expressed in absolute and relative terms, from carefully thought‐out perspectives.ContextGraphs are an essential tool for communicating health inequality, a key health policy concern. The choice of graphs is often driven by personal preferences and familiarity. Our article is aimed at health policy researchers developing health inequality graphs for policy and scientific audiences and seeks to (1) raise awareness of the effective use of graphs in communicating health inequality; (2) advocate for a particular type of graph (ie, dot charts) to depict health inequality; and (3) suggest key considerations for the captions accompanying health inequality graphs.MethodsUsing composite review methods, we selected the prevailing recommendations for improving graphs in scientific reporting. To find the origins of these recommendations, we reviewed the literature on graph perception and then applied what we learned to the context of health inequality. In addition, drawing from the numeracy literature in health risk communication, we examined numeric and verbal formats to explain health inequality graphs.FindingsMany disciplines offer commonsense recommendations for visually presenting quantitative data. The literature on graph perception, which defines effective graphs as those allowing the easy decoding of visual cues in human brains, shows that with their more accurate and easier‐to‐decode visual cues, dot charts are more effective than bar charts. Dot charts can flexibly present a large amount of information in limited space. They also can easily accommodate typical health inequality information to describe a health variable (eg, life expectancy) by an inequality domain (eg, income) with domain groups (eg, poor and rich) in a population (eg, Canada) over time periods (eg, 2010 and 2017). The numeracy literature suggests that a health inequality graph's caption should provide a numerical, explicitly calculated description of health inequality expressed in absolute and relative terms, from carefully thought‐out perspectives.ConclusionsGiven the ubiquity of graphs, the health inequality field should learn from the vibrant multidisciplinary literature how to construct effective graphic communications, especially by considering to use dot charts.
Characterization of Peanut Oil Bodies Integral Proteins, Lipids, and Their Associated Phytochemicals
Authors: Zaaboul Farah , Raza Husnain , Chen Cao , Liu Yuanfa 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA microscopic image of a section of a peanut seed shows that oil bodies (OBs) are a small droplet of oil that is dispersed throughout the whole seed. The protein profile of peanut's OBs recovered using the aqueous extraction method at different pH was found to have 2 oleosin isoforms of 14 and 16 kDa. Moreover, OBs essential amino acids are 1.52 higher than those in the PPI. Oleic acid and linoleic acid are the major fatty acids in both cold press peanut oil and OBs regardless of pH. Tocopherol content went from 270.76 to 278.2 mg/g when pH got increased. δ‐Tocopherols are slightly associated with peanut OBs, as it was resistant to the alkaline washing; however, α‐tocopherols were discovered to be weakly associable. On the contrary, phytosterols content decreased when pH got increased, with 631.49 μg/g for pH 6.8 and 614.96 μg/g for pH 11.0.Practical ApplicationPeanut oil is widely used in food industries in the form of emulsified oil. OBs can be presented as a better alternative solution, which is stable emulsified oil, with high content of antioxidant and phytosterols. Our results showed that peanut OBs are rich in nutritional components such as essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, and phytosterols. Moreover, peanut OBs are surrounded with 2 oleosin isoforms and caleosin, which offer more stability to the emulsion system. Thus, peanut OBs can be perfect for food like mayonnaise and vinaigrettes products in the form of encapsulated oil with high content of vitamin E.
Antidiabetic and Lipid‐Lowering Effects of the Polyphenol Extracts from the Leaves of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels on Streptozotocin‐Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Kong Fansheng , Su Zhipeng , Guo Xiaoming , Zeng Feng , Bi Yongguang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractClausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels (Wampee) is widely grown in China and considered as a healthy fruit. Its leaves are also considered as traditional herbs. This study analyzed polyphenol compounds in polyphenol extracts of the leaves C. lansium (lour.) Skeels (PEL) and investigated the protective effect of PEL against hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in T2DM rats. The result showed that PEL is composed mainly of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, coffee acid, ferulic acid, and rutin. PEL could obviously relieve some symptoms of T2DM rats, including emaciation, hyperhidrosis, polyphagia, diuresis, liver swelling, kidney, and pancreas hypertrophy, as well as reduce fasting blood glucose. Moreover, the supplementation of PEL significantly ameliorated lipids disorder and protected liver in T2DM rats, including fat accumulation, improvement of lipid distribution and hepatocyte protection. These results indicate that the Oral of PEL have potential effects of against hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic disorders.Practical ApplicationThe leaves Clausena lansium (lour.) Skeels is rich in polyphenol and other ingredients. In this research, the preliminary study shows that PEL can reduce fasting blood glucose and improve lipids disorder in rats, which will bring to diabetic patients a way to improve the disease and enhance the quality of life. The PEL therefore can be used for the production of pharmaceutical raw materials and the design of novel functional foods by simple conversion.