bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic PRISMA review of individuals with autism spectrum disorder in secure psychiatric care: prevalence, treatment, risk assessment and other clinical considerations
Authors: Allely Clare S. 
Published: January 2018

PurposePatients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present with specific assessment, specific difficulties, needs and therapeutic issues and therefore are a challenging group for forensic services. Given the challenge that individuals with ASD present to forensic services, the suggested increase in the number of this group within this setting and the relatively little amount of research which suggests they face a number of difficulties within the prison environment, the purpose of this paper is to identify and review all the studies which have been carried out investigating any aspect of ASD in relation to secure hospital settings.Design/methodology/approachSeven internet-based bibliographic databases were used for the present review. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.FindingsA total of 12 studies were included in this review; 3 looked at the prevalence of ASD in secure psychiatric hospitals. One study evaluated the clinical utility of the AQ screening tool to assess self-reported autistic traits in secure psychiatric settings. Three explored any type of characteristics of patients with ASD detained in secure psychiatric hospitals. One study investigated the experiences or quality of life of patients with an ASD detained in secure psychiatric care. Two studies investigated awareness, knowledge and/or views regarding patients with ASD held by staff working within secure psychiatric hospitals. Lastly, three studies (one of which was also included in the prevalence category above) looked at the effectiveness of interventions or treatment of patients with ASD in secure psychiatric hospitals. Clinical recommendations and future research directions are discussed.Originality/valueTo the author’s knowledge, this is the first review to explore what research has been carried out looking specifically at patients with ASD in relation to secure forensic settings.
Ownership concentration and firm performance in Indian firms: does investor protection quality matter?
Authors: Altaf Nufazil , Shah Farooq Ahamad 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to investigate the relationship between ownership concentration and firm performance and, second, to determine the moderating role of investor protection quality on the ownership concentration-performance relationship from a dynamic perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on secondary financial data of 236 Indian manufacturing firms obtained from CAPITALINE database, pertaining to a period of five years. This study uses ordinary least squares, fixed effects and two-step generalized method of moments (GMM) techniques to arrive at results.FindingsResults of the study confirm the inverted U-shaped relationship between ownership concentration and firm performance and a significant positive effect of investor protection quality on firm performance. With regard to moderating role of investor protection quality on ownership concentration–performance relationship, results show that investor protection quality would significantly moderate the ownership concentration–performance relationship.Originality/valueThe study is a pioneer in proving that an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between ownership concentration and firm performance in an emerging market in general and India in particular. This study extends the corporate governance literature by examining ownership concentration–performance relationship in a dynamic perspective and in an unexplored market.
Backshoring of production in the context of a small and open Nordic economy
Authors: Heikkilä Jussi , Martinsuo Miia , Nenonen Sanna 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent, drivers, and conditions underlying backshoring in the Finnish manufacturing industry, comparing the results to the wider ongoing relocation of production in the international context.Design/methodology/approachThe survey of 229 Finnish manufacturing firms reveals the background, drivers, and patterns of offshoring and backshoring.FindingsCompanies that had transferred their production back to Finland were more commonly in industries with relatively higher technology intensity and they were typically larger than the no-movement companies, and with a higher number of plants. They also reported more commonly having a corporate-wide strategy for guiding production location decisions.Research limitations/implicationsBackshoring activity in the small and open economy of Finland seems to be higher compared to earlier studies in larger countries. The findings suggest that there is a transformation in the manufacturing industries with some gradual replacement of labor-intensive and lower technology-intensive industries toward higher technology-intensive industries.Practical implicationsMoving production across national borders is one option in the strategies of firms to stay competitive. Companies must carefully consider the relevance of various decision-making drivers when determining strategies for their production networks.Social implicationsManufacturing industries have traditionally been important for employment in the relatively small and open economies of the Nordic countries. From the social perspective, it is important to understand the ongoing transformation and its implications.Originality/valueThere are few empirical studies available of the ongoing backshoring movement, utilizing data from company decision makers instead of macroeconomic factors.
Formats of responsibility: elective surgery in the era of evidence‐based medicine
Authors: Ducey Ariel , Nikoo Shoghi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article illustrates what pragmatic sociology refers to as investments in form, by examining the formats created and used by a group of surgeons to determine when elective surgery for pelvic floor disorders could be responsibly undertaken. Drawing upon ethnographic observations of surgical consultations at an academic medical centre in Canada, we show how two specific formats – that the patient is sufficiently bothered and the patient accepts the risks of surgery – allow for justifiable action in conditions of uncertainty and contingency and in light of the demands of dominant imperatives in medicine and health care, especially evidence‐based medicine (EBM). We argue that an analytic of justification is necessary for understanding when and how surgery is offered and elected for, and for considering how surgical consultations might be improved.
Etiology of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Shaukat Arslan , Waheed Salman , Alexander Ethan , Washko Daniel , Dawn Buddhadeb , Olyaee Mojtaba , Gupta Kamal 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVEDual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and is thought to cause upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). However, recent reports indicate that the incidence of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) in patients on DAPT may be increasing. We aimed to compare the endoscopic findings and etiology of GI bleeding between patients on DAPT compared with those not on DAPT.METHODSThis was a retrospective, single‐center, case‐control study. Cases were 114 consecutive patients admitted with a first episode of GI bleeding while on DAPT who underwent detailed GI evaluation. We chose 114 controls who had GIB but were not on DAPT.RESULTSThere was no significant difference in the incidence of UGIB or LGIB between the two groups (UGIB: 53.5% vs 51.3% and LGIB: 46.5% vs 48.7%, P = 0.10) or within groups (DAPT: 53.5% vs 46.5%, P = 0.30 and controls: 51.3% vs 48.7%, P = 0.80). Although the DAPT group had a lower prevalence of the usual UGIB risk factors, it had a higher likelihood of bleeding from varices or upper GI inflammation [odds ratio (OR) 3.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14–92.3; OR 13.98, 95% CI 1.40–140.36]. No etiology of bleeding was identified in a higher percentage of patients on DAPT than those who were not (22.8% vs 5.3%).CONCLUSIONIn patients with GI bleeding, the incidences of UGIB and LGIB are similar irrespective of their DAPT use.
Tofacitinib with conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Patient‐reported outcomes from a Phase 3 randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Zhanguo , An Yuan , Su Houheng , Li Xiangpei , Xu Jianhua , Zheng Yi , Li Guiye , Kwok Kenneth , Wang Lisy , Wu Qizhe 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We assess the effect of tofacitinib + conventional synthetic disease‐modifying anti rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) on patient‐reported outcomes in Chinese patients with RA and inadequate response to DMARDs.MethodsThis analysis of data from the Phase 3 study ORAL Sync included Chinese patients randomized 4 : 4 : 1 : 1 to receive tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily, tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily, placebo→tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily, or placebo→tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily, with csDMARDs. Placebo non‐responders switched to tofacitinib at 3 months; the remaining placebo patients switched at 6 months. Least squares mean changes from baseline were reported for Health Assessment Questionnaire‐Disability Index (HAQ‐DI), patient assessment of arthritis pain (Pain), patient global assessment of disease activity (PtGA), physician global assessment of disease activity (PGA), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue (FACIT‐F) scores, Short Form 36 (SF‐36), and Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ), using a mixed‐effects model for repeated measures.ResultsOverall, 216 patients were included (tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily, n = 86; tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily, n = 86; placebo→tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily, n = 22; placebo→tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily, n = 22). At month 3, tofacitinib elicited significant improvements in HAQ‐DI, Pain, PtGA, PGA and SF‐36 Physical Component Summary scores. Improvements were generally maintained through 12 months.ConclusionTofacitinib 5 and 10 mg twice daily + csDMARDs resulted in improvements in health‐related quality of life, physical function and Pain through 12 months in Chinese patients with RA.
Personality Traits Are Associated With Cortical Development Across Adolescence: A Longitudinal Structural MRI Study
Authors: Ferschmann Lia , Fjell Anders M. , Vollrath Margarete E. , Grydeland Håkon , Walhovd Kristine B. , Tamnes Christian K. 
Published: January 2018

How personality traits relate to structural brain changes in development is an important but understudied question. In this study, cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA), estimated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were investigated in 99 participants aged 8–19 years. Follow‐up MRI data were collected after on average 2.6 years for 74 individuals. The Big Five personality traits were related to longitudinal regional CT or SA development, but limited cross‐sectional relations were observed. Conscientiousness, emotional stability, and imagination were associated with more age‐expected cortical thinning over time. The results suggest that the substantial individual variability observed in personality traits may partly be explained by cortical maturation across adolescence, implying a developmental origin for personality–brain relations observed in adults.
Randomized controlled trial of standard closure of a stoma site vs biological mesh reinforcement: study protocol of the ROCSS trial
Authors:   the Reinforcement of Closure of Stoma Site (ROCSS) Collaborative and the West Midlands Research Collaborative
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundClosure of complex and contaminated abdominal wounds is challenging and carries risks, including wound dehiscence and incisional hernia. Hernia formation at closed stoma sites occurs in up to 30% of patients. Use of biological meshes in these situations may provide a safe method of reducing these complications, especially long‐term incisional hernias.MethodThe Reinforcement of Closure of Stoma Site (ROCSS) study is a Phase III multicentre randomized controlled trial (RCT) with an internal feasibility study. The primary objective of ROCSS is to assess whether a biological mesh (collagen tissue matrix) reduces the incidence of clinically detectable stoma closure site hernias at 2 years compared with standard closure techniques. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either standard suture (nonmesh) closure or closure with an intra‐abdominal biological mesh reinforcement. Patients and outcome assessors are masked to treatment allocation. ROCSS aims to recruit 560 patients, with an option to recruit to 790 patients to increase power. The primary outcome measure is the occurrence of clinically detectable hernias years 2 years postrandomization. The secondary outcome measures are the radiological hernia rate at 1 year, incidence of symptomatic hernia, the surgical complication/re‐intervention rate, quality of life, postoperative pain and cost–benefit analysis.DiscussionROCSS is a multicentre RCT assessing the placement of a biological mesh at the site of stoma closure on clinical hernia rate. Our hypothesis is that reinforcing the stoma closure site with a collagen mesh is superior to the standard technique in reducing the risk of herniation at 2 years. These findings could influence future closure of stomas and other complex and/or contaminated abdominal wounds in settings around the world.
Balanced blood product transfusion during liver transplantation
Authors: Hogen Rachel , Dhanireddy Kiran , Clark Damon , Biswas Subarna , DiNorcia Joseph , Brown Niquelle , Yee Jonson , Cobb Joseph Perren , Strumwasser Aaron 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis study was conducted to determine whether an intra‐operative ratio of at least 1:1:2 of fresh frozen plasma (FFP):platelets (PLTs):packed red blood cells (pRBCs) improves outcomes in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).MethodsA single‐center, retrospective study of deceased donor OLT recipients (MELD ≥15) requiring intra‐operative pRBC transfusion (years 2013‐2016). Patients were grouped into those receiving an intra‐operative ratio of ≥1:1:2 of FFP:PLTs:pRBCs vs ratios <1:1:2.ResultsPatients in ≥1:1:2 group (n = 150) and patients in <1:1:2 group (n = 80) were matched for baseline characteristics (P > .05). Patients in the ≥1:1:2 group had lower pRBC and intra‐operative blood product requirements (11 ± 0.5 vs 19 ± 1.4 units, P < .001, and 33 ± 1.3 vs 43 ± 3.3 units, P = .006, respectively), improved 1‐month mortality (0 vs 8%, P = .002), improved 1‐year survival (P = .004), less intra‐operative cardiac arrest (3% vs 10%, P = .03), and shorter operating room time (389 ± 7.2 vs 431 ± 17.2 minutes, P = .03). After multivariate adjustment for baseline and intra‐operative variables, balanced blood product transfusion (BBPT) was significantly associated with less intra‐operative pRBC transfusion (95% confidence interval: 0.60‐0.72).ConclusionBalanced blood product transfusion is associated with reduced transfusion requirements in OLT.
Cochrane systematic review and meta‐analysis of the impact of psychological treatments for people with epilepsy on health‐related quality of life
Authors: Michaelis Rosa , Tang Venus , Wagner Janelle L. , Modi Avani C. , LaFrance W. Curt , Goldstein Laura H. , Lundgren Tobias , Reuber Markus 
Published: January 2018

SummaryObjectiveGiven the significant impact epilepsy can have on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of individuals with this condition and their families, there is great clinical interest in evidence‐based psychological treatments aimed at enhancing well‐being in people with epilepsy (PWE). An evaluation of the current evidence is needed to assess the effects of psychological treatments for PWE on HRQoL outcomes to inform future therapeutic recommendations and research designs.MethodsThe operational definition of psychological treatments included a broad range of interventions that use psychological or behavioral techniques designed to improve HRQoL, psychiatric comorbidities, and seizure frequency and severity for adults and children with epilepsy. A systematic literature search was conducted in line with Cochrane criteria for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs investigating psychological treatments and using HRQoL outcome measures as primary or secondary outcome measures. Standard methodological procedures required by the Cochrane Collaboration were used for data collection and analysis.ResultsTwenty‐four completed RCTs were included in this review (2439 participants). Based on satisfactory methodological homogeneity, data from 9 studies (468 participants) providing Quality of Life in Epilepsy‐31 (QOLIE‐31) outcomes were pooled for meta‐analyses, showing significant mean changes for QOLIE‐31 total score and 6 subscales. The significant mean changes of QOLIE‐31 total score (mean improvement of 5.68 points; 95% confidence interval = 3.11‐8.24, P < .0001) and 3 subscales (emotional well‐being, energy/fatigue, overall quality of life [QoL]) exceeded the threshold of minimally important change, indicating a clinically meaningful postintervention improvement of QoL. Overall, the meta‐analysis quality of evidence was characterized as “moderate” due to the risk of bias present in 8 of the 9 included studies (Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Version 5.1.0, 2011, Chapters 8 and 12). A narrative synthesis was conducted for all trials and outcomes that were not entered in the meta‐analysis.SignificanceThese results provide moderate‐quality evidence that psychological treatments for adults with epilepsy may enhance HRQoL in people with epilepsy.
Reducing medication errors in critical care patients: pharmacist key resources and relationship with medicines optimisation
Authors: Bourne Richard S , Shulman Rob , Jennings Jennifer K 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Medication errors are the most common type of medical errors critical care patients experience. Critical care units utilise a variety of resources to reduce medication errors; it is unknown which resources or combinations thereof are most effective in improving medication safety.

Objectives
To obtain UK critical care pharmacist group consensus on the most important interventions/resources that reduce medication errors. To then classify units that participated in the PROTECTED UK study to investigate if there were significant differences in the reported pharmacist prescription intervention type, clinical impact and rates according to unit resource classification.

Methods
An e-Delphi process (three rounds) obtained pharmacist consensus on which interventions/resources were most important in the reduction of medication errors in critical care patients. The 21 units involved in the PROTECTED UK study (multicentre study of UK critical care pharmacist medicines interventions), were categorised as high-, medium- and low-resource units based on routine delivery of the final Top 5 interventions/ resources. High and low units were compared according to type, clinical impact and rate of medication interventions reported during the PROTECTED UK study.

Key findings
Consensus on the Top 5 combined medication error reduction resources was established: advanced-level clinical pharmacist embedded in critical care being ranked most important. Pharmacists working on units with high resources made significantly more clinically significant medicines optimisations compared to those on low-resourced units (OR 3.09; P = 0.035).

Conclusions
Critical care pharmacist group consensus on the most important medication error reduction resources was established. Pharmacists working on high-resourced units made more clinically significant medicines optimisations.
Nursing assessment of TURP syndrome: a pilot study
Authors: Subrata Sumarno A. , Istanti Yuni P. , Kesetyaningsih Tri W. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTHow can the signs and symptoms of transurethral resection prostate (TURP) syndrome be identified by nurses? This study aimed to develop a nursing instrument to assess TURP syndrome. TURP syndrome is a complication that potentially occurs during TURP surgery. It is a water intoxication related to hyponatremia and acid‐based imbalance. This syndrome should be recognized early in order to prevent fatality. This pilot study employed a participatory action research combined with statistical analysis for validity and reliability testing. Twenty‐eight Indonesian urological nurses and one urologist medical doctor were engaged in this study. Informed consent was obtained before study outset. The study was entirely accomplished at Muhammadiyah Hospital I and II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Pearson's correlations test of each item was measured with correlation coefficient greater than 0·40 considered as evidence of satisfactory item convergence validity. The instrument reliability test was confirmed by Cronbach's α coefficients with score greater than 0·433 supposed as a reliable instrument. This study obtained a nursing instrument to assess TURP syndrome which involved 15 aspects as follows: disorientation, headaches, altered states of consciousness, visual disturbances, nausea and vomiting, hypertension, rhonchi sound, tachycardia, abnormal capillary refill‐time, tachypnea, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, anaemia, increased urea and creatinine, and lower‐extremities oedema. A nursing instrument to assess TURP syndrome was established. Nevertheless, further investigation is required among patients who are suspected of having TURP syndrome to increase instrument accuracy.
Inflammatory monocytes contribute to the persistence of CXCR3hiCX3CR1lo circulating and lung‐resident memory CD8+ T cells following respiratory virus infection
Authors: Desai Pritesh , Tahiliani Vikas , Stanfield Jessica , Abboud Georges , Salek‐Ardakani Shahram 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPhenotypically diverse memory CD8+ T cells are present in the lungs that either re‐circulate or reside within the tissue. Understanding the key cellular interactions that regulate the generation and then persistence of these different subsets is of great interest. Recently, DNGR‐1+ dendritic cell (DC) mediated priming was reported to control the generation of lung‐resident but not circulating memory cells following respiratory viral infection. Here, we report an important role for Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes (IMs) in contributing to the persistence of memory CD8+ T cells but not their generation. Effector CD8+ T cells expanded and contracted normally in the absence of IMs, but the memory compartment declined significantly over time. Quite unexpectedly, this defect was confined to tissue resident and circulating CXCR3hiCX3CR1lo memory cells but not CXCR3hiCX3CR1int and CXCR3loCX3CR1hi subsets. Thus, two developmentally distinct innate cells orchestrate the generation and persistence of memory T cell subsets following a respiratory virus infection.See also: News and Commentary by Lafouresse & Groom
Dynamic Agency and Investment Theory under Model Uncertainty
Authors: Niu Yingjie , Yang Jinqiang , Zou Zhentao 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe extend dynamic agency and investment theory by incorporating model uncertainty. As concerns regarding model uncertainty induce a trade‐off between incentives and ambiguity sharing, the principal tends to delay the cash payout to the agent. We find model uncertainty lowers the firm value, the average q and marginal q, where q is defined as the ratio between a physical asset's market value and its replacement value. Furthermore, model uncertainty leads to insufficient investment, which provides an alternative explanation for under‐investment. Finally, the optimal pay‐performance sensitivity of the agent's continuation value to the firm's output is state dependent and exceeds the lower bound when it is close to the payout boundary.