bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neck seatbelt sign suspicion of injury score derived from emergency physician diagnostic imaging practice
Authors: Langdorf Mark I , Beier Lancelot , Youseffian Arthur , Anderson Craig L , Iqbal Anum , Kashi Mayur , Lotfipour Shahram , Chakravarthy Bharath 
Published: December 2015

Introduction Neck abrasion/contusions from seatbelts after motor vehicle collisions may be associated with underlying bony or vascular injury. The decision to order imaging is highly subjective, and the yield is low. To date, there is no objective guidance in the literature regarding which patients need imaging. The aim of this study was to derive a scoring system from physical characteristics of seatbelt contusion photographs, based on emergency physician (EP) decisions to order imaging. Methods A survey of a convenience sample of practicing and academic EPs, given five photographs of a spectrum of seatbelt contusions and a standard brief patient description. Respondents were asked whether and which imaging they would perform for each photo. Respondents rated photos for overall clinical concern for underlying injury and for concern regarding color, size, depth, texture and location on a five-point Likert scale. Logistic regression to assess associations between these five features and overall clinical concern, and the strength of association between features, overall concern, and decision to image was conducted. Results Overall, 97 respondents (24% of those surveyed) provided 425 imaging decisions and 95% would image at least one hypothetical patient. However, 40% would not image at least one of the five patients. Decision to image for five photos ranged from 20.0% to 90.6%. Intra-class correlation coefficient for decision to image was fair (0.31, 95% CI 0.13–0.79), indicating variability in practice, and highlighting need for a scoring system. Computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography were used most often for bony and vascular imaging. A 12-point severity scoring system based on location, depth, size and color is proposed. This scale had strong correlation with decision to image (Pearson r = 0.94). Conclusion Physician practice shows variability in decision to image patients with neck seatbelt contusions after motor vehicle trauma. A proposed severity scoring system may begin to promote evidence based practice.
Echocardiographic assessment of aortic valve annular and left ventricular outflow tract diameter in conscious and anesthetized adult sheep prior to prosthetic aortic valve implantation
Authors: Barka Noah , Bourgoin Jason , Grassl Erin , St. Cyr John A. 
Published: December 2015

Objective: Prosthetic heart valve implantation is commonly performed in patients that have valvular heart disease. Prior to clinical evaluation of newly developed prostheses, preclinical animal studies are performed for the assessment of both acute and chronic valvular function. Commonly, one size of valve is used in these preclinical studies, which can present difficulties with the implantation procedure and assessing valve function. Due to these potential problems, we developed a preoperative screening assessment in potential ovine candidates for prosthetic aortic valve implantation. By determining if there is a correlation between conscious and anesthetized echocardiographic examinations, an improvement in surgical confidence can predict that the animal is deemed a suitable candidate for a particular size of prosthetic valve for implantation prior to subjecting the animal to anesthesia and surgery. Methods: A total of 53 crossbred sheep ( Ovis aries), male and female, 10–37 months of age, weighing between 41 and 77 kg, underwent conscious echocardiography and a subset of 29 of these animals underwent echocardiographic assessment under anesthesia for a preoperative valve size comparison in these animals prior to surgical prosthetic aortic valve implantation. Using 2D echocardiographic assessment, left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) dimensions were assessed. Results: The mean paired difference between anesthetized and conscious LVOT diameter measurement was −0.87 mm ( p = 0.0066, standard deviation 1.598, 95% confidence interval, −0.4796, −0.26378, n = 29). Conclusion: This pilot study evaluation revealed that conscious echocardiographic assessment can play a role preoperatively in selecting potential candidates for surgical prosthetic aortic valve implantation, thereby minimizing the potential in prosthetic-native annular mismatching, which can contribute to altered LVOT function.
A New Day: Prime Time to Advance Afghan Clinical Education
Authors: Rosenbaum Stephen A. 
Published: December 2015

In a previous issue of the journal, Richard Grimes discussed the role that legal clinics can play in facilitating access to justice in a post-conflict society, such as Afghanistan’s, wracked by decades of civil war, external military intervention and consequential regime changes.3 As foreign military forces withdraw, this Central Asian nation faces renewed security concerns and uncertainty about its politico-economic future. Yet, there is now a critical mass of law and Shari’a professors trained in the principles of experiential education, a few legal clinics are in place and many deans are keen on hosting a clinic, with a vigorous nod of approval from the higher education ministry. Piloting a clinical programme requires a team of faculty members who remain in continuous contact with their peers across the nation and across the globe. This should include a partnership with a reputable law school abroad; support from in-country administrative staff; and periodic visits by consultants. In addition, legal faculties and university administrators need to nurture clinical education by facilitating the development of new curricula, service learning and interdisciplinary and inter-university collaboration and exchange. While they needn’t reinvent policies, protocols or perhaps even priority assessments, they must remain vigilant that clinical legal education not be divorced from the rest of the curriculum. The temptation to purchase durable goods will be great, but the clinic staff should be much more strategic and frugal about ways for students, staff and clients to access information and a space for consultation, training and work. Finally, an essential but elusive goal is to maintain a relationship with donors that is marked by candour and coordination of activities with other funders.
UCH-L1 is induced in germinal center B cells and identifies patients with aggressive germinal center diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Bedekovics Tibor , Hussain Sajjad , Feldman Andrew L. , Galardy Paul J. 
Published: December 2015

Key Points
The neuronal marker UCH-L1 is induced in, and specifically augments the oncogene-induced transformation of, GCB cells. High levels of UCHL1 identify patients with GC DLBCL with an increased risk for poor outcomes.
Sustained correction of FVII deficiency in dogs using AAV-mediated expression of zymogen FVII
Authors: Marcos-Contreras Oscar A. , Smith Shannon M. , Bellinger Dwight A. , Raymer Robin A. , Merricks Elizabeth , Faella Armida , Pavani Giulia , Zhou Shangzhen , Nichols Timothy C. , High Katherine A. , Margaritis Paris 
Published: December 2015

Key Points
Dogs with an FVII G96E mutation (FVII-G96E) represent the most common human FVII mutation type and are ideal for testing new therapies. cFVII gene delivery in FVII-G96E dogs via AAV at a dose effective in humans showed stable and clinically therapeutic FVII expression.
Diverse roles of cell-specific hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in cancer-associated hypercoagulation
Authors: Evans Colin E. , Bendahl Pär-Ola , Belting Mattias , Branco Cristina , Johnson Randall S. 
Published: December 2015

Key PointsCell-specific hypoxia-inducible factor 1 can regulate cancer-associated hypercoagulation and thrombus formation.
Nestin-expressing vascular wall cells drive development of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Saboor Farhan , Reckmann Ansgar N. , Tomczyk Claudia U.M. , Peters Dorothea M. , Weissmann Norbert , Kaschtanow Andre , Schermuly Ralph T. , Michurina Tatyana V. , Enikolopov Grigori , Müller Dieter , Mietens Andrea , Middendorff Ralf 
Published: December 2015

Nestin, a well-known marker of neuronal stem cells, was recently suggested to characterise stem cell-like progenitors in non-neuronal structures during development and tissue repair. Integrating novel morphological approaches (CLARITY), we investigate whether nestin expression defines the proliferating cell population that essentially drives vascular remodelling during development of pulmonary hypertension.The role of nestin was investigated in lungs of nestin-GFP (green fluorescent protein) mice, models of pulmonary hypertension (rat: monocrotaline, SU5416/hypoxia; mouse: hypoxia), samples from pulmonary hypertension patients and human pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).Nestin was solely found in lung vasculature and localised to proliferating VSMCs, but not bronchial smooth muscle cells. Nestin was shown to affect cell number and was significantly enhanced in lungs early during development of pulmonary hypertension, correlating well with increased VSMC proliferation, expression of phosphorylated (activated) platelet-derived growth factor receptor β and downregulation of the smooth muscle cell differentiation marker calponin. At later time points when pulmonary hypertension became clinically evident, nestin expression and proliferation returned to control levels. Increase of nestin-positive VSMCs was also found in human pulmonary hypertension, both in vessel media and neointima.Nestin expression seems to be obligatory for VSMC proliferation, and specifies lung vascular wall cells that drive remodelling and (re-)generation. Our data promise novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets for pulmonary hypertension.
Genetic counselling in a national referral centre for pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Girerd Barbara , Montani David , Jaïs Xavier , Eyries Mélanie , Yaici Azzedine , Sztrymf Benjamin , Savale Laurent , Parent Florence , Coulet Florence , Godinas Laurent , Lau Edmund M. , Tamura Yuichi , Sitbon Olivier , Soubrier Florent , Simonneau Gérald , Humbert Marc 
Published: December 2015

Genetic causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) have been identified, leading to a growing need for genetic counselling.Between 2003 and 2014, genetic counselling was offered to 529 PAH and 100 PVOD patients at the French Referral Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension.Mutations in PAH-predisposing genes were identified in 72 patients presenting as sporadic PAH (17% of cases; 62 mutations inBMPR2, nine inACVRL1(ALK1) and one inENG) and in 94 patients with a PAH family history (89% of cases; 89 mutations inBMPR2, three inACVRL1(ALK1) and two inKCNK3). Bi-allelic mutations inEIF2AK4were identified in all patients with a family history of PVOD (n=19) and in seven patients (8.6%) presenting as sporadic PVOD. Pre-symptomatic genetic diagnosis was offered to 272 relatives of heritable PAH patients, identifying mutations in 36.4% of them. A screening programme is now offered to asymptomatic mutation carriers to detect PAH in an early phase and to identify predictors of outcomes in asymptomaticBMPR2mutation carriers.BMPR2screening allowed us to offer pre-implantation diagnosis to two couples with aBMPR2mutation.Genetic counselling can be implemented in pulmonary hypertension centres.
Sputum mast cell subtypes relate to eosinophilia and corticosteroid response in asthma
Authors: Wang Gang , Baines Katherine J. , Fu Juan Juan , Wood Lisa G. , Simpson Jodie L. , McDonald Vanessa M. , Cowan Douglas C. , Taylor D. Robin , Cowan Jan O. , Gibson Peter G. 
Published: December 2015

Mast cells are a resident inflammatory cell of the airways, involved in both the innate and adaptive immune response. The relationship between mast cells and inflammatory phenotypes and treatment response of asthma is not clear.Clinical characteristics of subjects with stable asthma (n=55), inflammatory cell counts and gene expression microarrays in induced sputum were analysed. Sputum mast cell subtypes were determined by molecular phenotyping based on expression of mast cell biomarkers (tryptase (TPSAB1), chymase (CMA1) and carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3)). Effects of mast cell subtypes on steroid response were observed in a prospective cohort study (n=50).MCT(n=18) and MCT/CPA3(mRNA expression ofTPSAB1andCPA3; n=29) subtypes were identified, as well as a group without mast cell gene expression (n=8). The MCT/CPA3subtype had elevated exhaled nitric oxide fraction, sputum eosinophils, bronchial sensitivity and reactivity, and poorer asthma control. This was accompanied by upregulation of 13 genes. Multivariable logistic regression identifiedCPA3(OR 1.21, p=0.004) rather thanTPSAB1(OR 0.92, p=0.502) as a determinant of eosinophilic asthma. The MCT/CPA3subtype had a better clinical response and reduced signature gene expression with corticosteroid treatment.Sputum mast cell subtypes of asthma can be defined by a molecular phenotyping approach. The MCT/CPA3subtype demonstrated increased bronchial sensitivity and reactivity, and signature gene expression, which was associated with airway eosinophilia and greater corticosteroid responsiveness.
Small cell lung cancer in never-smokers
Authors: Torres-Durán María , Ruano-Ravina Alberto , Kelsey Karl T. , Parente-Lamelas Isaura , Provencio Mariano , Leiro-Fernández Virginia , Abal-Arca José , Montero-Martínez Carmen , Vidal-Garcia Iria , Pena Carolina , Castro-Añón Olalla , Golpe-Gómez Antonio , Martínez Cristina , Guzmán-Taveras Rosirys , Mejuto-Martí María José , Fernández-Villar Alberto , Barros-Dios Juan Miguel 
Published: December 2015

Our aim was to describe the characteristics of a case-series of never-smoker small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cases.Cases of SCLC were selected from a prospective, multicenter, hospital-based case–control study performed in Spain. Participants were never-smokers older than 30 years with an anatomo-pathological confirmation of primary lung cancer. We collected clinical and epidemiological variables according to the study's protocol.We included 19 SCLC cases, 18 females (94.7%), median age 75 years (interquartile range (IQR) 70–80 years). Median residential radon concentration was 195 Bq·m−3(IQR 130–229 Bq·m−3). 10 patients had limited disease and nine had extended disease. Median survival was 242 days (IQR 94–496 days); 1- and 2-year survival were 36.8% and 17.6%, respectively. Survival was much higher for individuals with limited disease than for those with extended disease (median 336versus235 days; 1-year survival 50%versus22.2% and 2-year survival 27%versus0%, respectively). Performance status at diagnosis was closely related to survival.SCLC is an infrequent, highly aggressive disease in never-smokers. Survival is poor, even for limited disease. Age at diagnosis in SCLC is higher than that observed for never-smokers with adenocarcinoma. Residential radon exposure is higher than the action levels recommended by the World Health Organization.
Fischer’s Lexicon of Slavic beliefs and customs: a previously unknown contribution to the ethnobotany of Ukraine and Poland
Authors: Kujawska Monika , Łuczaj Łukasz , Typek Joanna 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundHistorical ethnobotanical studies are important, even if they are only descriptive, because they help to throw light on the missing chains needed for diachronic analysis. However, the documentation of traditional uses of plants in some countries, e.g. Ukraine, is still fragmentary. The aim of this contribution is to fill the gap and present a portion of the data set, from western Ukraine, which was collected by Adam Fischer, a Polish ethnographer from Lviv, in the 1930s. These data were originally gathered to be published in the first part of theLexicon of Slavic beliefs and customs,dedicated to plant uses in traditional Slavonic culture. The idea of writing theLexiconarose in 1929 during the I Congress of Slavic Philologists in Prague and was intended to be a joint international enterprise, but has never actually been fulfilled.MethodsIn this article we used information from south-eastern Poland at that time – nowadays western Ukraine, collected in four provinces, 11 counties and 28 localities by Fischer’s collaborators. The majority of the information was accompanied by voucher specimens, which were determined by botanists at the Jan Kazimierz University. These data are still unpublished and stored on filecards in the archives of the Polish Ethnological Society in Wrocław, Poland. In our analysis we applied two indices: one to measure general plant versatility – Use Value, and another regarding medicinal plants – Relative Importance Value.ResultsIn total, 179 plant taxa used in peasant culture in the western Ukraine in the 1930s were registered. The species which achieved the highest Use Values were:Achillea millefolium,Allium sativum,Vinca minor,Hypericumsp. andJuniperus communis. Among the collected plant names, Polish names dominate (59 %) over clearly Ukrainian and Ruthenian ones (31 %). The remaining 10 % of names were of unclear origin or could have been used by both groups. The most salient use categories were medicinal, followed by ritual – chiefly plants used in church ceremonies, followed by animal wellbeing (veterinary and fodder). However we learn very little about plant management in the peasant culture from the data set.ConclusionsAnalysis of the archival data threw new light on plant use and management in the Galicja region in the interwar period. It also increased our understanding of the central role of plants in spheres such as folk medicine, church ceremonies and animal wellbeing.
Discovery, genotyping and characterization of structural variation and novel sequence at single nucleotide resolution from de novo genome assemblies on a population scale
Authors: Liu Siyang , Huang Shujia , Rao Junhua , Ye Weijian ,   The Genome Denmark Consortium, Krogh Anders , Wang Jun 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Background
Comprehensive recognition of genomic variation in one individual is important for understanding disease and developing personalized medication and treatment. Many tools based on DNA re-sequencing exist for identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms, small insertions and deletions (indels) as well as large deletions. However, these approaches consistently display a substantial bias against the recovery of complex structural variants and novel sequence in individual genomes and do not provide interpretation information such as the annotation of ancestral state and formation mechanism.

Findings
We present a novel approach implemented in a single software package, AsmVar, to discover, genotype and characterize different forms of structural variation and novel sequence from population-scale de novo genome assemblies up to nucleotide resolution. Application of AsmVar to several human de novo genome assemblies captures a wide spectrum of structural variants and novel sequences present in the human population in high sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions
Our method provides a direct solution for investigating structural variants and novel sequences from de novo genome assemblies, facilitating the construction of population-scale pan-genomes. Our study also highlights the usefulness of the de novo assembly strategy for definition of genome structure.
Biased agonism at chemokine receptors: obstacles or opportunities for drug discovery?
Authors: Anderson Caroline A , Solari Roberto , Pease James E 
Published: December 2015

AbstractChemokine receptors are typically promiscuous, binding more than one ligand, with the ligands themselves often expressed in different spatial localizations by multiple cell types. This is normally a tightly regulated process; however, in a variety of inflammatory disorders, dysregulation results in the excessive or inappropriate expression of chemokines that drives disease progression. Biased agonism, the phenomenon whereby different ligands of the same receptor are able to preferentially activate one signaling pathway over another, adds another level of complexity to an already complex system. In this minireview, we discuss the concept of biased agonism within the chemokine family and report that targeting single signaling axes downstream of chemokine receptors is not only achievable, but may well present novel opportunities to target chemokine receptors, allowing the fine tuning of receptor responses in the context of allergic inflammation and beyond.
New development in studies of formyl-peptide receptors: critical roles in host defense
Authors: Li Liangzhu , Chen Keqiang , Xiang Yi , Yoshimura Teizo , Su Shaobo , Zhu Jianwei , Bian Xiu-wu , Wang Ji Ming 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Formyl-peptide receptors are a family of 7 transmembrane domain, Gi-protein-coupled receptors that possess multiple functions in many pathophysiologic processes because of their expression in a variety of cell types and their capacity to interact with a variety of structurally diverse, chemotactic ligands. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that formyl-peptide receptors are critical mediators of myeloid cell trafficking in the sequential chemotaxis signal relays in microbial infection, inflammation, and immune responses. Formyl-peptide receptors are also involved in the development and progression of cancer. In addition, one of the formyl-peptide receptor family members, Fpr2, is expressed by normal mouse-colon epithelial cells, mediates cell responses to microbial chemotactic agonists, participates in mucosal development and repair, and protects against inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. These novel discoveries greatly expanded the current understanding of the role of formyl-peptide receptors in host defense and as potential molecular targets for the development of therapeutics.
M-sec regulates polarized secretion of inflammatory endothelial chemokines and facilitates CCL2-mediated lymphocyte transendothelial migration
Authors: Barzilai Sagi , Blecher-Gonen Ronnie , Barnett-Itzhaki Zohar , Zauberman Ayelet , Lebel-Haziv Yaeli , Amit Ido , Alon Ronen 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Activation of endothelial cells by IL-1β triggers the expression of multiple inflammatory cytokines and leukocyte-attracting chemokines. The machineries involved in the secretion of these inducible proteins are poorly understood. With the use of genome-wide transcriptional analysis of inflamed human dermal microvascular endothelial cells, we identified several IL-1β−induced candidate regulators of these machineries and chose to focus our study on TNF-α-induced protein 2 (myeloid-secretory). The silencing of myeloid-secretory did not affect the ability of inflamed endothelial cells to support the adhesion and crawling of effector T lymphocytes. However, the ability of these lymphocytes to complete transendothelial migration across myeloid-secretory-silenced human dermal microvascular endothelial cells was inhibited significantly. These observed effects on lymphocyte transendothelial migration were recovered completely when exogenous promigratory chemokine CXCL12 was overlaid on the endothelial barrier. A polarized secretion assay suggested that the silencing of endothelial myeloid-secretory impairs T effector transendothelial migration by reducing the preferential secretion of endothelial-produced CCL2, a key transendothelial migration-promoting chemokine for these lymphocytes, into the basolateral endothelial compartment. Myeloid-secretory silencing also impaired the preferential secretion of other endothelial-produced inflammatory chemokines, as well as cytokines, such as IL-6 and GM-CSF, into the basolateral endothelial compartment. This is the first evidence of a novel inflammation-inducible machinery that regulates polarized secretion of endothelial CCL2 and other inflammatory chemokines and cytokines into basolateral endothelial compartments and facilitates the ability of endothelial CCL2 to promote T cell transendothelial migration.