bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel structure of dithered nested digital delta sigma modulator with low-complexity low-spur for fractional frequency synthesizers
Authors: Sadat Noori Seyed Ali , Farshidi Ebrahim , Sadoughi Sirus 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– Digital Delta Sigma Modulator (DDSM) is used widely in electronic circuits including Radars, class-D power amplifiers and fractional frequency synthesizers. The purpose of this paper is to propose an implementation for MASH DDSMs named as Multi Modulus Reduced Complexity (MMRC) architecture.

Design/methodology/approach
– This architecture will use a very simple pseudorandom Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) dither signal with period N_d to randomize the digital MMRC modulator used for fractional frequency synthesizers. Using error masking methodology, the MMRC modulator can decrease the hardware consumption and increase accuracy of the fractional frequency synthesizer. Rules for selecting the appropriate word lengths of the constituent MMRC modulator are derived.

Findings
– This paper contains three modulators. The first stage modulator is a variable modulus First Order Error Feedback Modulator and has a programmable modulus M1 that is not a power of two. The second and third stage modulators are the first order pseudorandom LFSR dithered MASH 1-1 and modified MASH 1-1-1, which have conventional modulo M2, M3, respectively. With optimum selection modulus M1, the new structure can synthesize the desired frequency exactly. Simulation results confirm the theoretical predictions. Also the results of circuit implementation proposed method reports 13 per cent reduction in hardware.

Originality/value
– This paper for the first time proposes a nested sigma delta modulator with a pseudorandom shaped dither signal which reduced hardware complexity and increased the period of output signal. This modulator is exploited in the fractional frequency synthesizer to the output frequency can be set more accurately.
Extraction of microwave FET noise wave temperatures by using a novel neural approach
Authors: Ðorđević Vladica , Marinković Zlatica , Marković Vera , Pronić-Rančić Olivera 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is the development of an efficient approach for extraction of the microwave FET noise wave temperatures.

Design/methodology/approach
– The proposed approach is based on an artificial neural network (ANN) trained to determine the noise wave temperatures from the given measured transistor noise parameters.

Findings
– The presented approach enables not only efficient, but also an accurate direct extraction of the noise wave temperatures. This is confirmed by the validation of the proposed approach that is done by comparison of the transistor noise parameters obtained using the extracted noise wave temperatures with the measured noise parameters.

Originality/value
– Application of ANN is a novel approach to extract the noise wave temperatures, which provides more efficient microwave FET noise wave modeling.
Characterization of signals consisting of multiple time-varying sinusoidal components
Authors: Sotelo-Castañon Julian , Gutierrez-Robles Jose Alberto , Moreno Pablo , Galván-Sánchez Veronica Adriana , García-Sánchez Jorge Luis , Bañuelos-Cabral Eduardo Salvador 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– Most systems have a non-linear (NL) behavior and measured signals reflect this non-linearity such that in general they are composed with more than one sinusoidal component. NL analysis methods represent an option for analyzing such signals, however these methods have been developed for single frequency signals, this forces to implement a components separation procedure before performing the signal analysis. The purpose of this paper is to present a new method for analyzing multi-component signals that allows calculating amplitude, frequency and damping constants of the contained sinusoidal components. The method is able to simultaneously identify the different components within a detection bandwidth without previous separation of mono-components, as needed for most methods in used today.

Design/methodology/approach
– The method proposed in this work characterizes sinusoidal signals determining their amplitude, frequency and damping constant. This method is based on transforming from the time domain to the z-domain an oscillatory signal that may or may not possess damping. Since frequency and damping of a signal can be determined knowing its z-domain poles, using the signal in z-transform domain an equations system to find the signal poles can be written.

Findings
– From the results it can be concluded that the proposed method is reliable and consistent. One quality of the method is its short delay, when the procedure starts there is a delay equal to the time needed to accumulate four samples for each detectable frequency in order to perform the first calculation, after this, the algorithm can deliver a result at each sampling instant. This short delay and the low complexity of the algorithm can permit using the method in real time applications.

Originality/value
– The proposed method is able to determine frequencies, damping constants and amplitudes of the components of a signal without a previous separation of mono-components, in contrast with other methods that require filter banks tuned using a previous knowledge of the signal. Moreover unlike techniques such as the Hilbert-Huang Transform the proposed method can be applied to signals with components having very close frequencies.
Shape parameter selection for multi-quadrics function method in solving electromagnetic boundary value problems
Authors: Zhang Huaiqing , Guo Chunxian , Su Xiangfeng , Chen Lin 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The multi-quadrics (MQ) function is a kind of radial basis function. And the MQ method has been successfully adopted as a type of meshless method in solving electromagnetic boundary value problems. However, the accuracy of MQ interpolation or solving equations is severely influenced by shape parameter. Thus the purpose of this paper is to propose a case-independent shape parameter selection strategy from the aspect of coefficient matrix condition number analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
– The condition number of coefficient matrix is investigated. It is shown that the condition number is only a function of shape parameter and MQ node number, and is irrelevant to the interpolated function which means case-independent. The effective condition number which takes into account the interpolated function is introduced. Then, the relation between the relative root mean square error and condition number is analyzed. Three numerical experiments as transmission line, cable channel and grounding metal box model were carried out.

Findings
– In the numerical experiments, there is an approximate linear relationship between the logarithm of the condition number and shape parameter, an approximate quadratic relationship with node number. And the optimal shape parameter is corresponding to the early stage of condition number oscillation.

Originality/value
– This paper proposed a case-independent shape parameter selection strategy. For a finite precision computation, the upper limit of the condition number is predetermined. Therefore, the shape parameter can be chosen where condition number oscillates in early stage.
Numerical investigation of steady-state laminar natural convection of power-law fluids in square cross-sectioned cylindrical annular cavity with differentially-heated vertical walls
Authors: Yigit Sahin , Graham Timothy , Poole Robert J , Chakraborty Nilanjan 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– Numerical simulations have been used to analyse steady-state natural convection of non-Newtonian power-law fluids in a square cross-sectioned cylindrical annular cavity for differentially heated vertical walls for a range of different values of nominal Rayleigh number, nominal Prandtl number and power-law exponent (i.e. 103
<
Ra
<
106, 102
<
Pr
<
104 and 0.6
<
n
<
1.8). The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Analysis is carried out using finite-volume based numerical simulations.

Findings
– Under the assumption of axisymmetry, it has been shown that the mean Nusselt number on the inner periphery Nu

i
increases with decreasing (increasing) power-law exponent (nominal Rayleigh number) due to strengthening of thermal advection. However, Nu

i
is observed to be essentially independent of nominal Prandtl number. It has been demonstrated that Nu

i
decreases with increasing internal cylinder radius normalised by its height r

i

/L before asymptotically approaching the mean Nusselt number for a two-dimensional square enclosure in the limit r

i

/L→infinity. By contrast, the mean Nusselt number normalised by the corresponding Nusselt number for pure conductive transport (i.e. Nu

i
/Nu

cond
) increases with increasing r

i

/L.

Originality/value
– A correlation for Nu

i
has been proposed based on scaling arguments, which satisfactorily captures the mean Nusselt number obtained from the steady-state axisymmetric simulations.
ISPH method for double-diffusive natural convection under cross-diffusion effects in an anisotropic porous cavity/annulus
Authors: Aly Abdelraheem Mahmoud , ASAI Mitsuteru 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– A study on heat and mass transfer behavior for an anisotropic porous medium embedded in square cavity/annulus is conducted using incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method. In the case of square cavity, the left wall has hot temperature T_h and mass C_h and the right wall have cool temperature T_c and mass C_c and both of the top and bottom walls are adiabatic. While in the case of square annulus, the inner surface wall is considered to have a cool temperature T_c and mass C_c while the outer surface is exposed to a hot temperature T_h and mass C_h. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– The governing partial differential equations are transformed to non-dimensional governing equations and are solved using ISPH method. The results present the influences of the Dufour and Soret effects on the fluid flow and heat and mass transfer.Findings– The effects of various physical parameters such as Darcy parameter, permeability ratio, inclination angle of permeability and Rayleigh numbers on the temperature and concentration profiles together with the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are presented graphically. The results from the current ISPH method are well-validated and have favorable comparisons with previously published results and solutions by the finite volume method.Originality/value– A study on heat and mass transfer behavior on an anisotropic porous medium embedded in square cavity/annulus is conducted using Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (ISPH) method. In the ISPH algorithm, a semi-implicit velocity correction procedure is utilized, and the pressure is implicitly evaluated by solving pressure Poisson equation (PPE). The evaluated pressure has been improved by relaxing the density invariance condition to formulate a modified PPE.
Resprouter fraction in Cape Restionaceae assemblages varies with climate and soil type
Authors: Wüest Rafael O. , Litsios Glenn , Forest Félix , Lexer Christian , Linder H. Peter , Salamin Nicolas , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Pearman Peter B. 
Published: December 2015

Summary

While fire‐induced changes in biodiversity are well documented, less is known about how fire impacts life‐history variation and diversity of functional traits that represent distinct strategies for persistence in fire‐driven ecosystems. One example is the dichotomy in which ‘resprouter’ species usually survive fires to produce new growth, while ‘reseeder’ species perish and re‐establish from seed.

Variable relative numbers of reseeder and resprouter species in local assemblages of Restionaceae (Poales) of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), and their high species richness and endemism, make this family representative of the region's functional, taxonomic and ecological diversity.

We investigate how the proportion of resprouter species (resprouter fraction) changes among edaphic conditions and along a climate moisture (i.e. aridity) gradient that integrates annual precipitation (range 130–1300 mm) and potential evapotranspiration (range 3–8 mm m−2 day−1). We sampled local assemblages using a stratified‐random design that fully spanned the environmental conditions of the CFR.

As climate moisture across sites with infertile soils increased, so did resprouter fraction. Resprouters may increasingly dominate reseeders as moisture increases under conditions in which productivity is generally limited. This suggests the explanatory hypothesis that in these conditions, greater moisture accelerates both biomass accumulation (fuel) and fire frequency, providing an advantage to resprouters. However, we found no evidence for increasing resprouter fraction with increasing climate moisture on more fertile soils.

This statistical interaction suggests the possibility that moisture affects resprouter fraction dependent on soil fertility, potentially through: (i) impacts on species composition, if soil type acts as an environmental filter or promotes biotic interactions, and/or (ii) impacts on fire dynamics, potentially through fuel load drying rates. Future research should include a comprehensive fire model for the CFR, to enable direct examination of relationships of life‐history and functional traits across variation in fire dynamics. Additionally, our results indicate that we need both (i) demographic studies on plant establishment, growth rates and survival, and (ii) field experiments that address how environmental and biotic filters affect species composition across variable fire regimes. These together should facilitate mechanistic interpretation of how fire mediates life‐history variation and diversity of functional traits in the CFR.
Transferability of predictive models of coral reef fish species richness
Authors: Sequeira Ana M. M. , Mellin Camille , Lozano‐Montes Hector M. , Vanderklift Mathew A. , Babcock Russ C. , Haywood Michael D. E. , Meeuwig Jessica J. , Caley M. Julian 
Published: December 2015

Summary

Understanding biodiversity patterns depends on data collection, which in marine environments can be prohibitively expensive. Transferable predictive models could therefore provide time‐ and cost‐effective tools for understanding biodiversity–environment relationships.

We used fish species counts and spatial and environmental predictors to develop predictive models of fish species richness (S) for two major coral reefs located in separate ocean basins: Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR; Queensland) and Ningaloo Reef (NR; Western Australia). We tested the ability of the GBR model to predict S at NR (its transferability) under various scenarios using different sampling durations, years sampled and transect sizes.

Based on R2, the GBR model poorly predicted S at NR (R2 < 16%) with few predicted values strongly correlated with observations. However, comparable spatial patterns in S across NR were predicted by both the NR and the GBR models when calibrated at similar spatio‐temporal scales.

This result suggests that poor validation of the transferred models may indicate low deviance explained by the predictors in the new system (where other predictors not included might have a more direct effect on the response) and that in some situations, model transferability may be considerably improved by using data sets of similar spatio‐temporal scales. Therefore, data filtering by time and space may be required prior to transferring models.

Policy implications. Transferable models can provide initial estimates of fish species richness patterns in poorly sampled systems, and thereby guide the design of better and more efficient sampling programs. Further improvements in model transferability will increase their predictive power and utility in conservation planning and management.
Towards a sociology of healthcare safety and quality
Authors: Allen Davina , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Sandall Jane , Waring Justin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe contributions to this collection address technologies, practices, experiences and the organisation of quality and safety across a wide range of healthcare contexts. Spanning three continents, from hospital to community, maternity to mental health, they shine a light into the boardrooms, back offices and front‐lines of healthcare, offering sociological insights from the perspectives of managers, clinicians and patients. We review these articles and consider how they contribute to some of the dilemmas that confront mainstream approaches to quality and safety and then look ahead to outline future lines of sociological inquiry to progress the theory and practice of quality and safety.
Real‐time cell analysis and heat shock protein gene expression in the TcA Tribolium castaneum cell line in response to environmental stress conditions
Authors: García‐Reina Andrés , Rodríguez‐García María Juliana , Ramis Guillermo , Galián José 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe rust red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a pest of stored grain and one of the most studied insect model species. Some of the previous studies involved heat response studies in terms of survival and heat shock protein expression, which are regulated to protect other proteins against environmental stress conditions. In the present study, we characterize the impedance profile with the xCELLigence Real‐Time Cell Analyzer and study the effect of increased temperature in cell growth and viability in the cell line BCIRL‐TcA‐CLG1 (TcA) of T. castaneum. This novel system measures cells behavior in real time and is applied for the first time to insect cells. Additionally, cells are exposed to heat shock, increased salinity, acidic pH and UV‐A light with the aim of measuring the expression levels of Hsp27, Hsp68a, and Hsp83 genes. Results show a high thermotolerance of TcA in terms of cell growth and viability. This result is likely related to gene expression results in which a significant up‐regulation of all studied Hsp genes is observed after 1 h of exposure to 40 °C and UV light. All 3 genes show similar expression patterns, but Hsp27 seems to be the most affected. The results of this study validate the RTCA method and reveal the utility of insect cell lines, real‐time analysis and gene expression studies to better understand the physiological response of insect cells, with potential applications in different fields of biology such as conservation biology and pest management.
Effects of Cardiovascular Events on End‐Stage Renal Disease and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Before Dialysis
Authors: Kuwahara Michio , Takehara Eriko , Sasaki Yasunori , Azetsu Haruna , Kusaka Keita , Shikuma Satomi , Akita Wataru 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCardiovascular events (CVEs) are major complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, few studies have investigated the effects of CVEs on end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality of pre‐dialysis patients. We followed 377 CKD patients who were at stage ≥G3 at first clinic visit in the Shuuwa General Hospital between April 2005 and July 2014. After taking baseline patient data, we evaluated renal survival rates and all‐cause and CVE‐related mortality in patients with CVEs [(+)CVEs] and without CVEs [(−)CVEs]. A total of 99 CVEs occurred in 93 study patients (57.0% cardiac events, 43.0% cerebrovascular events, and 6.5% peripheral artery disease events). During the study period, 127 patients reached ESRD over a median of 4.51 years' follow‐up. Kaplan–Meier analysis found longer renal survival rates in the (−)CVEs group compared with the (+)CVEs group. Forty patients died during the study period over a median of 5.43 years' follow‐up. Survival rates for all‐cause and CVE‐related mortality of (−)CVEs patients were higher than in (+)CVEs patients. After adjustment for sex, age, current smoking, blood pressure, diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, left ventricular hypertrophy, body mass index, albumin, hemoglobin, calcium, phosphate, C‐reactive protein, and spot urine protein, the occurrence of CVEs was still a significant risk factor for ESRD (HR 1.516, P = 0.017) and all‐cause mortality (HR 7.871, P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that the occurrence of CVEs is a potent risk factor for ESRD and mortality in CKD patients before dialysis.
Preference Mapping of Soymilk with Different U.S. Consumers
Authors: Lawrence S. E. , Lopetcharat K. , Drake M.A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study determined and compared drivers of liking for unflavored soymilk with different U.S. consumer groups. A highly trained panel documented appearance, mouthfeel and flavor attributes of 26 commercial soymilks. Twelve representative soymilks were then selected for evaluation by consumers from 3 age/cultural categories (n = 75 each category; Caucasian/African American females aged 18 to 30 y; Asian females aged 18 to 30 y; Caucasian/African American females aged 40 to 64 y). Consumers evaluated overall liking and liking and intensity of specific attributes. Results were evaluated by analysis of variance, followed by internal and external preference mapping. Age had no effect on overall liking, while ethnicity did (Caucasian/African American compared with Asian; P < 0.05). Caucasians/African Americans differentiated soymilks more than Asians and assigned a wider range of liking scores than Asians (2.1 to 7.2 compared with 4.0 to 6.1). Three consumer clusters were identified. Sweet taste with vanilla/vanillin and sweet aromatic flavors and higher viscosity were preferred by most consumers and differences between consumer clusters were primarily in drivers of dislike. Drivers of dislike were not identified for Cluster 1 consumers while Clusters 2 and 3 consumers (n = 84, n = 80) disliked beany, green/grassy and meaty/brothy flavors and astringency. Cluster 3 (n = 80) consumers scored all soymilks higher in liking (P < 0.05) than Cluster 2 consumers, and were willing to overlook disliked attributes with the addition of sweet taste, whereas the Cluster 2 consumers were not. These findings can be utilized to produce soymilks with attributes that are well liked by target consumers and to tailor attributes for segments of the population that have not yet been accommodated.
Reassessment of some of Kirkaldy's Australian species of Delphacini (Hemiptera: Delphacidae: Delphacinae)
Authors: Bellis Glenn A , Donaldson John F 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe following nomenclatural changes are provided for Australian Delphacini: Queenslandicesa fennahi sp. nov. (=Thymalops anderida sensu Fennah); Yangdelphax jihyuetanica gen. et sp. nov. (=Hadeodelphax pluto sensu Yang), with Yangdelphax afurculus (Guo & Liang) comb. nov.; Gelastodelphax Kirkaldy stat. rev., with type species, G. histrionica, redescribed; Nycheuma anderida (Kirkaldy) comb. nov. (=Dicranotropis cognata Muir syn. nov.); Delphax albotristriata Kirkaldy (=Delphax thyestes Kirkaldy syn. n.). Sardia Melichar (=Hadeodelphax Kirkaldy syn. rev.) and Sardia rostrata Melichar (=Hadeodelphax pluto Kirkaldy syn. rev.) and Hadeodelphax pluto pluto Kirkaldy (=Hadeodelphax pluto pallidior Kirkaldy syn. rev.); Delphax disonymos Kirkaldy (=Delphax hyas Kirkaldy syn. nov.); Delphax anemonias Kirkaldy (=Delphax pylaon Kirkaldy syn. nov.). All species currently assigned to the genus Matutinus Distant, a junior homonym of Matutinus Macleay, are transferred to the new genus Distantinus. Lectotypes are designated for Gelastodelphax histrionicus Kirkaldy, Hadeodelphax pluto Kirkaldy, Hadeodelphax pluto pallidior Kirkaldy, Delphax anemonias Kirkaldy, D. matanitu Kirkaldy, D. pylaon Kirkaldy, D. thyestes Kirkaldy, D. albotristriata Kirkaldy, D. hyas Kirkaldy and Dicranotropis anderida Kirkaldy.