bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criminal Psychology
Authors: - Sakshi Joshi 
Published: September 2024

Criminology is the study of crimes and criminals as to know about crimes we need to know the factors affecting it too. According to Webster, “It is the scientific study of crime as a social phenomena or criminals and their mental traits, habits, discipline etc.” It is the science of criminal behaviour. Now, What leads to criminal activity in society? Is it a nature or nurture? Certain factors of causation of crimes are Poverty, Peer Pressure, Drug abuse, Politics, Religion differences, Unemployment, Unfair Justice System etc. But there are two main factors affecting criminal behaviour in society :-Environmental Factor :- It means the kind of people with whom he or she is surrounded with. It may include abused childhood, alcoholic parents, bullying in schools and colleges, use of abusive language, stress, domestic violence, Drug or substance abuse, traumatisation and harassment. Biological Factor :- Is someone born to be a criminal ? Dr Adrian Raine conducted a research upon violent criminals and wrote a book “Anatomy of Violence”. When a woman consumes alcohol or substance abuse during her pregnancy, it will affect the mind of an unborn child, there will be hormonal imbalance or syndrome and the brain will not develop completely. The “Pre-Frontal Cortex” is a Guardian Angel of behaviour. Criminals who have poor functioning of pre-frontal cortex, they commit crimes in a fit of rage. Criminals who have high functioning of pre-frontal cortex, they commit crimes with methodical process.The “Amygdala” is a Seat of Emotions. It control emotions such as empathy , remorse , conscience etc. Brain scans revealed that psychopathy in criminals was associated with poor connectivity between weak Amygdala and strong pre-frontal cortex. Some criminals have low resting heart-rate due to which, they have lack of fear while committing a crime.Therefore, the causes of psychopathy remains a mystery.
Kualitas Pelayanan Publik Dalam Peningkatan Kinerja Di Kantor Lurah Bah Kapul Kecamatan Siantar Sitalasari Kota Pematangsiantar
Authors: Purba Handrico Eldorado Dobona , Siregar Robert Tua , Damanik Sarintan E , Ginting Mustafa 
Published: September 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kualitas pelayanan publik dalam pembangunan wilayah di Kantor Lurah Bah Kapul Kecamatan Siantar Sitalasari Kota Pematangsiantar. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Sedangkan teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah: (1) observasi, (2) wawancara, (3) quesioner/angket dan (4) dokumentasi. Selanjutnya teknik analisis data yang dilakukan adalah analisis kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian bahwa kinerja Kantor Lurah bah Kapul Kecamatan Siantar Sitalasari Kota Pematangsiantar dari aspek Responsivitas termasuk dalam tingkat Tinggi, aspek Responsibilitas termasuk dalam tingkat Sedang, aspek Akuntabilitas termasuk dalam tingkat Tinggi, aspek Keadaptasian termasuk dalam tingkat Tinggi, aspek Kelangsungan Hidup termasuk dalam tingkat Sedang, aspek Keterbukaan/transparansi termasuk dalam tingkat Sedang, aspek Empati termasuk dalam tingkat Sedang, aspek Efektivitas termasuk dalam tingkat Sedang, aspek Produktivitas termasuk dalam tingkat Tinggi, dari aspek Efisiensi termasuk dalam tingkat Tinggi, aspek Kepuasan termasuk dalam tingkat Tinggi, aspek Keadilan termasuk dalam tingkat Tinggi, aspek Keadilan termasuk dalam tingkat Tinggi. Kinerja Kantor Lurah Bah Kapul secara keseluruhan termasuk dalam kriteria tinggi. Kesimpulan Perlu dipertahankan pelayanan kinerja organisasi dari aspek proses yang meliputi indikator responsivitas, responsibilitas, akuntabiltas, keadaptasian, kelangsungan hidup, keterbukaan/transparansi, empati. Saran dari hasil penelitian perlu adanya peningkatan kinerja organisasi dari aspek hasil yang meliputi indikator efektivitas, produktivitas, efisiensi, kepuasan, keadilan agar pelayanan publik tetap bisa dilaksanakan semaksimal mungkin
Evaluation of Abiotic Stress Response in In Vitro Culture of Hylocereus undatus
Authors: Mazlan Che Puteh Nabilah , Abdullahi Lema Abubakar , Mahmod Nor Hasima 
Published: September 2024

Hylocereus undatus or white dragon fruit is a vine-like cactus that is commonly grown as both an ornamental plant and a fruit crop. However, their response to various abiotic stresses is understudied. Once transferred to the soil, the plants are exposed to different abiotic stresses caused by extreme salinity, drought, pH changes, and oxidative responses. This will either affect its growth or fruit production. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of various abiotic stress which are common in agricultural areas in vitro. The seeds of white dragon fruit were germinated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with of 2.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg/L 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) before the shoots formed were induced in MS with different abiotic stress which were drought, salinity, pH and oxidative stress. The shoot and the root length were recorded at the fourth week of culture. Interestingly, slight drought stress with 20 g/L polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 induced shoot growth but further increase of PEG 8000 reduced shoot length significantly. Shoot length was the most inhibited at 200 mM NaCl and root failed to grow at this concentration. Shoot and root growth under pH stress was the lowest at pH 8. The length of shoot and root under oxidative stress were seen to decrease gradually with increase of H2O2 concentration but this was only significant in roots. In conclusion, roots were more vulnerable to some abiotic stresses than shoots were. A greater magnitude of stressors can be tested for further information of H. undatus tolerance to abiotic stresses.
Numerical comparisons of exponential expressions: The saliency of the base component
Authors: Feder Ami , Lozin Mariya , Neumann Nadav , Pinhas Michal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExponential expressions represent series that grow at a fast pace such as carbon pollution and the spread of disease. Despite their importance, people tend to struggle with these expressions. In two experiments, participants chose the larger of two exponential expressions as quickly and accurately as possible. We manipulated the distance between the base/power components and their compatibility. In base-power compatible pairs, both the base and power of one expression were larger than the other (e.g., 23 vs. 34), while in base-power incompatible pairs, the base of one expression was larger than the base in the other expression but the relation between the power components of the two expressions was reversed (e.g., 32 vs. 24). Moreover, while in the first experiment the larger power always led to the larger result, in the second experiment we introduced base-result congruent pairs as well. Namely, the larger base led to the larger result. Our results showed a base-power compatibility effect, which was also larger for larger power distances (Experiments 1–2). Furthermore, participants processed the base-result congruent pairs faster and more accurately than the power-result congruent pairs (Experiment 2). These findings suggest that while both the base and power components are processed when comparing exponential expressions, the base is more salient. This exemplifies an incorrect processing of the syntax of exponential expressions, where the power typically has a larger mathematical contribution to the result of the expression.
A Detailed Time-resolved and Energy-resolved Spectro-polarimetric Study of Bright Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected by AstroSat CZTI in Its First Year of Operation
Authors: Gupta Rahul , Pandey S. B. , Gupta S. , Chattopadhayay T. , Bhattacharya D. , Bhalerao V. , Castro-Tirado A. J. , Valeev A. , Ror A. K. , Sharma V. , Racusin J. , Aryan A. , Iyyani S. , Vadawale S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The radiation mechanism underlying the prompt emission remains unresolved and can be resolved using a systematic and uniform time-resolved spectro-polarimetric study. In this paper, we investigated the spectral, temporal, and polarimetric characteristics of five bright gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) using archival data from AstroSat CZTI, Swift Burst Alert Telescope, and Fermi/GBM. These bright GRBs were detected by CZTI in its first year of operation, and their average polarization characteristics have been published in Chattopadhyay et al. In the present work, we examined the time-resolved (in 100–600 keV) and energy-resolved polarization measurements of these GRBs with an improved polarimetric technique such as increasing the effective area and bandwidth (by using data from low-gain pixels), using an improved event selection logic to reduce noise in the double events and extend the spectral bandwidth. In addition, we also separately carried out detailed time-resolved spectral analyses of these GRBs using empirical and physical synchrotron models. By these improved time-resolved and energy-resolved spectral and polarimetric studies (not fully coupled spectro-polarimetric fitting), we could pin down the elusive prompt emission mechanism of these GRBs. Our spectro-polarimetric analysis reveals that GRB 160623A, GRB 160703A, and GRB 160821A have Poynting flux-dominated jets. On the other hand, GRB 160325A and GRB 160802A have baryonic-dominated jets with mild magnetization. Furthermore, we observe a rapid change in polarization angle by ∼90° within the main pulse of very bright GRB 160821A, consistent with our previous results. Our study suggests that the jet composition of GRBs may exhibit a wide range of magnetization, which can be revealed by utilizing spectro-polarimetric investigations of the bright GRBs.
The Landscape of Thermal Transients from Supernovae Interacting with a Circumstellar Medium
Authors: Khatami David K. , Kasen Daniel N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The interaction of supernova ejecta with a surrounding circumstellar medium (CSM) generates a strong shock, which can convert ejecta kinetic energy into observable radiation. Given the diversity of potential CSM structures (arising from diverse mass-loss processes such as late-stage stellar outbursts, binary interaction, and winds), the resulting transients can display a wide range of light-curve morphologies. We provide a framework for classifying the transients arising from interaction with a spherical CSM shell. The light curves are decomposed into five consecutive phases, starting from the onset of interaction and extending through shock breakout and subsequent shock cooling. The relative prominence of each phase in the light curve is determined by two dimensionless quantities representing the CSM-to-ejecta mass ratio η, and the breakout parameter ξ. These two parameters define four light-curve morphology classes, where each class is characterized by the location of the shock breakout and the degree of deceleration as the shock sweeps up the CSM. We compile analytic scaling relations connecting the luminosity and duration of each light-curve phase to the physical parameters. We then run a grid of radiation hydrodynamics simulations for a wide range of ejecta and CSM parameters to numerically explore the landscape of interaction light curves, and to calibrate and confirm the analytic scalings. We connect our theoretical framework to several case studies of observed transients, highlighting the relevance in explaining slow-rising and superluminous supernovae, fast blue optical transients, and double-peaked light curves.
ALMA-IMF. XIV. Free–Free Templates Derived from H41α and Ionized Gas Content in 15 Massive Protoclusters
Authors: Galván-Madrid Roberto , Díaz-González Daniel J. , Motte Frédérique , Ginsburg Adam , Cunningham Nichol , Menten Karl M. , Armante Mélanie , Bonfand Mélisse , Braine Jonathan , Csengeri Timea , Dell’Ova Pierre , Louvet Fabien , Nony Thomas , Rivera-Soto Rudy , Sanhueza Patricio , Stutz Amelia M. , Wyrowski Friedrich , Álvarez-Gutiérrez Rodrigo H. , Baug Tapas , Bontemps Sylvain , Bronfman Leonardo , Fernández-López Manuel , Gusdorf Antoine , Koley Atanu , Liu Hong-Li , Salinas Javiera , Towner Allison P. M. , Whitworth Anthony P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We use the H41α recombination line to create templates of the millimeter free–free emission in the ALMA-IMF continuum maps, which allows us to separate it from dust emission. This method complements spectral-index information and extrapolation from centimeter-wavelength maps. We use the derived maps to estimate the properties of up to 34 H ii regions across the ALMA-IMF protoclusters. The hydrogen ionizing photon rate Q
0 and spectral types follow the evolutionary trend proposed by Motte et al. The youngest protoclusters lack detectable ionized gas, followed by protoclusters with increasing numbers of OB stars. The total Q
0 increases from ∼1045 s−1 to >1049 s−1. We used the adjacent He41α line to measure the relative number abundances of helium, finding values consistent with the Galactic interstellar medium, although a few outliers are discussed. A search for sites of maser amplification of the H41α line returned negative results. We looked for possible correlations between the electron densities, emission measures, and Q
0 with H ii region size D. The latter is the best correlated, with Q
0 ∝ D
2.49 ± 0.18. This favors interpretations in which smaller ultracompact H ii regions are not necessarily the less dynamically evolved versions of larger ones but rather are ionized by less massive stars. Moderate correlations were found between the dynamical width ΔV
dyn with D and Q
0. ΔV
dyn increases from about 1 to 2 times the ionized-gas sound speed. Finally, an outlier H ii region south of W43-MM2 is discussed. We suggest that this source could harbor an embedded stellar or disk wind.
L'État et les stratégies du territoire
Authors: Bassin Mark 
Published: September 2024

Le contrôle colonial de l’État russe s’est maintenu sur la Sibérie depuis le XVI e siècle. Considérée sous les Tsars comme le Pérou ou le Brésil des Ibériques, elle a vu se développer la traite des fourrures jusqu’au milieu du XIX e siècle, puis une colonisation agricole dans le sud surtout avec la construction du Transsibérien ; terre des exilés politiques, elle a connu après 1860 un mouvement régionaliste réclamant l’indépendance. Après la révolution de 1917, l’exploitation coloniale a persisté ; les gisements de pétrole ont été intensément mis en valeur et une industrie lourde a été créée au service de l’État russe ; depuis la crise pétrolière, le pétrole sibérien sert de monnaie d’échange par l’achat de blé aux pays occidentaux.
Écoles en mouvements et réformes
Authors: Tahirou Kalilou 
Published: September 2024

Résumé Les processus de réformes engagés ici et là depuis le forum de l’EPT tenu à Dakar (2000) ont eu pour orientation majeure l’amélioration de la qualité des apprentissages des élèves. Cette amélioration devrait passer par l’élaboration et l’implantation de « programmes adaptés susceptibles d’être enseignés dans une langue locale et qui partent du savoir et de l’expérience des enseignants et apprenants » (Dakar en 2000, p. 17). Quel est l’état des lieux de la problématique de la prise en compte des langues locales dans le curriculum en développement au Niger ? Une approche située peut-elle réussir sans les langues parlées par les apprenants ? Ce sont à ces questions que tente de répondre le présent article.
L'empreinte des dirigeants
Authors: Delavaquerie Christian 
Published: September 2024

Christian Delavaquerie présente l’histoire, sans doute assez commune, de la fermeture programmée d’un service de réanimation que les engagements d’un directeur, du corps médical et des élus parviennent à stopper. Au-delà de la pertinence de la fermeture ou du maintien de cette unité qu’il est impossible de juger face à une seule version des faits, la narration de Christian Delavaquerie montre quels sont l’autonomie et, par conséquent, le pouvoir d’un directeur. Celui-ci pouvait accepter ce qu’il appelle « l’oukase » de l’agence régionale d’hospitalisation (ARH) ou « entrer en résistance », parti qu’il adopta. Il pouvait se considérer comme un exécutant des injonctions de l’agence régionale ou envisager qu’entre les établissements et l’ARH certaines décisions peuvent et doivent se négocier. Ces choix constituent sa liberté qui s’exprime dans une conception de la réalité, celle de l’établissement et celle de son rôle. C’est donc par le pouvoir d’interpréter, que commence à se construire la capacité d’action des directeurs.
L'empreinte des dirigeants
Authors: Diquelou Jean-Yves 
Published: September 2024

Dans la perspective d’une élucidation de la part d’implicite qui structure toute activité professionnelle, Jean-Yves Diquelou, président de la commission médicale d’établissement (CME) de son hôpital, décrit les visées et les alliances, c’est-à-dire les stratégies, des principaux acteurs qui s’agitent à l’intérieur et autour d’un établissement de taille moyenne. À première lecture, il en fait ressortir la face sombre : la paupérisation volontaire des hôpitaux publics périphériques aux CHU afin de laisser les médecins libéraux s’enrichir dans les cliniques privées ou encore la collusion entre la vie hospitalière et la vie politique locale s’entremêlant de manière plus ou moins florentine. Mais, l’hôpital n’est pas qu’une arène où se nouent des intrigues alambiquées. D’une part, il évolue dans le sens d’améliorations successives : par l’introduction des postes hospitaliers temps-plein dans les années 1960-1980, puis par la séparation de plus en plus nette entre la rationalité gestionnaire et la rationalité politique qui constitue l’un des fondements du « nouveau management public ». Par son regard distancié et l’étendue de son expérience, Jean-Yves Diquelou fait ainsi émerger les transformations profondes de l’hôpital sur la période d’un demi-siècle. D’autre part, le soin ne peut être dispensé sans que se forment également des « vocations » et des « passions » professionnelles en réponse à l’appel de ceux qui souffrent. Ces vocations, on pourrait les illustrer autant par le terme anglais de « calling » que par celui, allemand, de « Beruf ». Dans la vie hospitalière, le pire côtoie le meilleur.
Entre langue et parole, le métier d’orthophoniste
Authors: Charmetant Claire 
Published: September 2024

Avec Claire Charmetant, nous allons pouvoir différencier les actions de prévention des offensives du dépistage systématique, observer le gouffre entre les bonnes intentions des équipes en charge de la prévention et la façon dont les « bénéficiaires » s’en saisissent.	Ce texte nous invite à chercher, penser ce que sont des actes de prévention.
Etre ergothérapeute en psychiatrie
Authors: Klein Florence 
Published: September 2024

Cet article présente quelques écueils du contexte actuel en politique de santé mentale et ses effets délétères sur le travail des soignants. Il énonce certains fondamentaux quant à une philosophie du prendre soin, humaine et humanisante, respectueuse des personnes soignées. Il se réfère ainsi à la psychodynamique, à la psychothérapie institutionnelle et à certaines notions empruntées à la psychanalyse. Il se veut être un prélude à la suite de l’ouvrage pour présenter et faire valoir cette discipline encore trop méconnue en santé mentale : l’ergothérapie. Il s’agit de montrer comment elle s’inscrit dans le dispositif des équipes soignantes et en quoi elle constitue une démarche singulière d’accompagnement du patient sur le chemin de la condition humaine.
L’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant – Un dialogue entre théorie et pratique
Authors: Fierens Jacques 
Published: September 2024

Jacques Fierens compare l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant à l’étoile polaire. Ce principe est insaisissable mais peut remplir sa fonction dans mille situations. Inévitablement, l’intérêt supérieur est indéfinissable au sens théorique : on le reconnaît uniquement quand on est confronté à une situation particulière. Tel une boussole, il ne nous donne pas de réponse mais nous indique une direction. L’opposition entre l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant et d’autres intérêts n’est pas toujours telle qu’elle paraît car le point de vue de l’observateur vient modifier la situation. Parfois, des considérations irrecevables l’emportent sur l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant. Écouter l’enfant est essentiel pour déterminer son intérêt supérieur. À l’expression « intérêt supérieur », Fierens préfère celle de « respect dû à l’enfant ». Le concept existait avant la CIDE et s’inscrit dans une tradition plus vaste de reconnaissance des droits de l’enfant et de respect à leur égard.
Is nonoperative treatment a valid and successful option for the management of three-part and four-part proximal humerus fractures?
Authors: Waly Mohamed R. , Salah Mohammed M. , El-Shewy Mohamed T. , Hafez Khaled A. , Abdelrazek Begad H.M.Z. 
Published: September 2024

Background
Proximal humerus fractures are relatively common, accounting for about 5–9% of all fractures. There is no agreement regarding the optimal interventions for these fractures. This controversy makes a dilemma for decision-makers in the clinic. This study aimed to assess the functional outcome of nonoperative management in Neer’s three, four parts proximal humerus fracture and the incidence of complications.

Patients and methods
This prospective case series study recruited 52 patients with three-part or four-part fractures of the proximal humerus in the Orthopedic Department. Patients were observed and followed up after conservative treatment. Patients of both sexes above 20 years, with closed Neer’s three-part and four-part fractures of proximal humerus, were included. Old (>4 weeks) and open fractures, associated neurovascular injuries, presence of infection, and mentally ill patients were excluded from the study. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board at Cairo University. Written informed consent was obtained from all included patients. American shoulder and elbow surgeon’s score, Constant score, and visual analog scale were assessed at 12 months.
Postinjury radiographs, including true anteroposterior and lateral views, were obtained at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks postimmobilization, then at 3, 6, and 12 months following injury.

Results
This study recruited 52 patients with three-part and four-part fractures of the proximal humerus. These patients were managed conservatively, followed up, and observed for 1 year. The mean age of included patients was 64.23 years old (28–87). The majority of included patients were females, 41 (78.8%). Forty-three (82.7%) patients of included patients had three-part fractures and nine (17%) patients had four-part fractures. The age of patients with four-part fractures (75.4 ± 7.8) was higher than the age of patients with three-part fractures (61.6 ± 13.2), and this was statistically significant (P<0.05). The mean Constant score after 12 months was 79.38 ± 8.26 and the American shoulder and elbow surgeon’s was 78.9 ± 11.2. The visual analog score was 3.7 ± 1.7 after 1 year.

Conclusions
Nonoperative treatment of three-part and four-part proximal humeral fractures yield acceptable and satisfactory functional results. Four-part fracture has better clinical results than three-part ones.