bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic and local anti‐nociceptive effects of simvastatin in the rat formalin assay: Role of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and nitric oxide
Authors: Mansouri Mohammad Taghi , Naghizadeh Bahareh , Ghorbanzadeh Behnam , Alboghobeish Soheila 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the potential systemic and local anti‐nociceptive effects of simvastatin (SIM) and the possible role of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and nitric oxide (NO) pathways using a formalin assay in rats. After allocation, rats were intraplantarly (i.pl.) treated with formalin solution (2.5%) and the flinching behaviors were recorded for 5 min (phase 1) and 15‐60 min (phase 2). SIM was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) and i.pl. 30 and 20 min before test, respectively. Intraperitoneal administration of SIM attenuated the flinching number during both phases of the test. This effect of i.p. SIM was significantly reduced by L‐NAME (NO synthase blocker, i.p.), but was augmented by L‐arginine (NO precursor, i.p.) during both phases of the formalin assay. Moreover, the antinociception caused by i.p. SIM was blocked by GW‐9662 (PPARγ antagonist) at dose 2 mg/kg (i.p.). In another experiment, concurrent ip administration of non‐effective dose of simvastatin (5 mg/kg) with pioglitazone (PPARγ agonist; 10, 20 mg/kg) produced antinociception. However, pre‐treatment with i.p. GW‐9662 inhibited the enhanced antinociceptive effect of pioglitazone on SIM during the phase 2 of formalin assay. Results also showed that i.pl. SIM alone had no anti‐nociceptive effects. However, significant anti‐nociception was observed when SIM (i.pl.) co‐administered with non‐effective dose of pioglitazone. Moreover, the enhanced effect was antagonized by pre‐treatment with i.pl. GW‐9662. Our data suggest that SIM produced antinociception through systemic but not local route of administration in rats. Moreover, the antinociceptive effect of SIM is partly mediated through PPARγ receptors and NO pathway. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐pressure Raman study of nyerereite from Oldoinyo Lengai
Authors: Rashchenko Sergey V. , Goryainov Sergey V. , Romanenko Alexander V. , Golovin Alexander V. , Korsakov Andrey V. , Moine Bertrand N. , Mikhno Anastasia O. 
Published: April 2017

A rare sodium carbonate nyerereite, (Na,K)2Ca(CO3)2, first found in unique natrocarbonatite lava of Oldoinyo Lengai volcano, also attracted a lot of attention as an inclusion phase in mantle minerals formed in the course of deep carbonatite magmatism. We measured the evolution of nyerereite Raman spectra under quasi‐hydrostatic compression up to 6.4 GPa using a diamond anvil cell. The ν4(CO32−) band (710 cm−1 at ambient pressure) and ν1(CO32−) doublet (1077 and 1086 cm−1 at ambient pressure) demonstrated a positive pressure shift with dν/dP irregularities at 0.5 and 3.0 GPa. The obtained calibration was then used for residual pressure measurements in nyerereite‐bearing inclusions in olivine from the Udachnaya‐East kimberlite. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of noninvasive prenatal testing on gestational age at time of abortion for aneuploidy
Authors: Lassey Sarah C. , Reiff Emily S. , Dobson Lori , Bromley Bryann , Wilkins‐Haug Louise , Bartz Deborah , Little Sarah E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to compare the gestational age at termination for trisomy 13, 18, or 21 (aneuploidy) before and after the introduction of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT).MethodsA retrospective cohort of women undergoing termination for aneuploidy at two academic institutions and one private clinic. We compared two time periods: before and after the introduction of NIPT (2006–2011 and 2012–2014, respectively). Maternal demographics and clinical characteristics were abstracted from the medical record. Nonparametric statistical methods were used to compare the two cohorts.ResultsOur cohort included 93 women: 41 prior to NIPT and 52 post‐NIPT. Maternal age (38 post‐NIPT vs 37 pre‐NIPT; p = 0.17) did not differ between the time periods. Women in the post‐NIPT were less likely to undergo diagnostic testing (82.7% vs 97.6%; p < 0.01) before proceeding to abortion after a positive screening result. In the post‐NIPT period, there was a significant decrease in the gestational age at time of invasive testing (13.0 vs 15.7 weeks; p < 0.01) and women were more likely to undergo chorionic villous sampling (CVS) (59.6% vs 41.5%; p < 0.01). There was a significant decrease in the gestational age at termination (14.2 vs 17.2; p < 0.01). Women in the post‐NIPT group were less likely to have terminations after 16 weeks (25.0% vs 61.0%; p < 0.01), 18 weeks (7.7% vs 39.0%; p < 0.01), or 20 weeks (3.9% vs 12.2%; p = 0.23).ConclusionWith the introduction of NIPT, the median gestational age at diagnosis and termination for women with Trisomy 13, 18, or 21 was 3 weeks earlier. Women were four times less likely to have a termination after 18 weeks and three times less likely to have a termination after 20 weeks. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of occupation of the excited states and phonon broadening on the determination of the hot carrier temperature from continuous wave photoluminescence in InGaAsP quantum well absorbers
Authors: Esmaielpour Hamidreza , Whiteside Vincent R. , Hirst Louise C. , Tischler Joseph G. , Ellis Chase T. , Lumb Matthew P. , Forbes David V. , Walters Robert J. , Sellers Ian R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAn InGaAsP quantum well with a type‐II band alignment is studied using continuous wave power and temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The small energy separation between the ground state and first excited state results in significant thermal carrier redistribution and excited state occupation, particularly, with increasing excitation power and temperature. This state filling is evident as a high‐energy shoulder in the PL spectra, the same energy region where in the simplest Planck‐description the gradient is considered inversely proportional to carrier temperature. The outcome of an excited state occupation in broadening the high‐energy PL tail is to perturb the temperature extracted using this analysis; therefore, the true temperature of carriers is not properly evaluated when significant state filling occurs. In addition, broadening of the PL due to phonons at higher temperatures also distorts (or falsely increases) the non‐equilibrium “hot” carrier temperature and as such should be considered when using Planck's relation. The role of these two effects is considered and their mutual effect on the analysis of the extracted hot carrier temperature discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endoscopic Central Lymph Node Dissection via Breast Combined with Oral Approach for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Wu Guo‐yang , Fu Jin‐bo , Lin Fu‐sheng , Luo Ye‐zhe , Lin En‐de , Yan Wei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and necessity of endoscopic thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection via the combined breast and trans‐oral approaches.MethodsSix patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent endoscopic total thyroidectomy with central node dissection via combined breast and trans‐oral approaches from November 2014 to January 2015 in Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, were analyzed.ResultsAfter completion of endoscopic central lymph node dissection via the traditional breast approach, eight pieces of lymph nodes could still be dissected via the trans‐oral approach. Two of these eight pieces were positive for thyroid cancer metastasis.ConclusionsIt is advisable to perform endoscopic central lymph node dissection for thyroid carcinoma via the breast approach combined with the trans‐oral approach.
Soil spore banks of ectomycorrhizal fungi in endangered Japanese Douglas‐fir forests
Authors: Murata Masao , Nagata Yuki , Nara Kazuhide 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInteractions between trees and ectomycorrhizal fungi are critical to the growth and survival of both partners. However, ectomycorrhizal symbiosis has barely been explored in endangered trees, and no information is available regarding soil spore banks of ectomycorrhizal fungi from forests of threatened trees. Here, we evaluated soil spore banks of ectomycorrhizal fungi from endangered Japanese Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga japonica) forests using bioassay approaches with congeneric P. menziesii and Pinus densiflora seedlings in combination with molecular identification techniques. Rhizopogon togasawariana was predominant in soil propagule banks and was found in all remaining P. japonica forests when assayed with P. menziesii, while no colonization of this fungus was observed on Pinus seedlings. Given the observed specificity of R. togasawariana for P. menziesii and its phylogenetic position within the Pseudotsuga‐specific Rhizopogon lineage, its geographical distribution is likely restricted to the remaining Japanese Douglas‐fir forests, indicating a high extinction risk for this fungus as well as its endangered host. Spore banks of R. togasawariana remained highly infective after preservation for 1 year or heat treatment at 70 °C, suggesting an ecological strategy of establishing ectomycorrhizal associations on regenerating Japanese Douglas‐fir seedlings after disturbance, as observed in other Rhizopogon–Pinaceae combinations. Therefore, the regeneration of Japanese Douglas‐fir seedlings may depend largely on the soil spore banks dominated by R. togasawariana, which has co‐evolved with the Japanese Douglas‐fir for over 30 million years. More attention must be paid to underground ectomycorrhizal fungi for the conservation of endangered tree species, especially in the era of human‐induced mass extinction.
EPR Studies on the Properties of Model Photoreceptor Membranes Made of Natural and Synthetic Lipids
Authors: Duda Mariusz , Kawula Katarzyna , Pawlak Anna , Sarna Tadeusz , Wisniewska-Becker Anna 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe membranes of retina photoreceptors have unique lipid composition. They contain a high concentration of polyunsaturated docosahexaenoic acid, with six double bonds, and are enriched in phosphatidylethanolamines. Based on their phospholipid composition and cholesterol content, membranes of photoreceptors can be divided into three types: plasma membrane, young disks membranes, and old disks membranes. High amount of docosahexaenoic acid, abundant illumination, and high respiratory demands make these membranes sensitive to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Human retinas are not easily available for research, therefore most research is done on bovine retinas. However, to follow, in a controlled manner, the changes in membrane properties caused by different factors it seems advisable to apply carefully prepared models of photoreceptor membranes. Using synthetic lipids we prepared liposome models of three types of photoreceptor membranes, and by means of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and spin labeling technique we compared polarity and fluidity of those model membranes with the properties of membranes consisting of natural lipids extracted from photoreceptor outer segments of bovine retinas. Additionally, we studied the effect of oxidation on the membrane properties in the presence and in the absence of zeaxanthin, which is an antioxidant naturally present in the human retina. The results show that there are significant differences in polarity and fluidity between all investigated membranes, which reflect differences in their lipid composition. The properties of the membranes made of natural photoreceptor outer segment lipids are most similar to the ones of the models of old disks membranes. Oxidation did not change the membrane properties significantly; however, a slight ordering effect was observed in liposomes made of natural photoreceptor outer segment lipids and in the model of old disks membranes. Zeaxanthin affected polarity and fluidity mostly in the model of old disks membranes. The results show that by careful selection and appropriate proportions of lipid mixtures, it is possible to obtain synthetic membranes of the properties similar to the natural ones.
Burden of chronic illness and associated disabilities in Bangladesh: Evidence from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey
Authors: Sultana Marufa , Mahumud Rashidul Alam , Sarker Abdur Razzaque 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of chronic illness and associated disability, out‐of‐pocket payment (OOPP), and other related factors using survey data from Bangladesh.MethodsThis study analyzed Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey data that include socio‐economic and demographic data, such as consumption, expenditures, and assets, along with information regarding chronic illness and disability. Multiple linear regression models were used to identify factors significantly associated with OOPP. Furthermore, a binary Logistic regression model was employed to assess the association of the explanatory variables with disability status.ResultsA higher prevalence of chronic illness was found for those with chronic gastritis (18.70%), and 41.92% of the population had at least one side disability. The average OOPP healthcare expenditure for chronic illness was estimated to be US$7.59. Higher OOPP was found among the upper 2 wealth quintiles. Overall OOPP health expenditure was significantly higher among individuals with an associated disability (P < 0.001). The likelihood of having an associated disability was higher among those individuals with a lower education level (OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.95–4.06), those who not earning an income (OR = 2.85, 95% CI: 2.53–3.21), those who did not seek care (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.57–1.90), those who sought care from a pharmacy (OR = 8.91, 95% CI: 7.38–10.74), and those in the lowest wealth quintile (OR = 7.21, 95% CI: 6.41–8.12).ConclusionsThe high OOPP illustrates the necessity of financial risk protection for the population at low socio‐economic status. Therefore, we recommend that the government strengthen the healthcare system with appropriate support directed to the rural and elderly populations.
Effect of type 2 diabetic serum on the behavior of Wharton's jelly‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro
Authors: Ali Fatima , Aziz Fehmina , Wajid Nadia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveWharton jelly‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) exhibit multilineage differentiation potential and can be used to treat multiple organs. However, diabetes affects the repair capability of MSCs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diabetic patient‐derived serum on WJMSC behavior.MethodsWJMSCs at passage 3 were treated with serum derived from type 2 diabetic patients. WJMSCs were characterized for surface markers expression by using immunocytochemistry technique. The effects on cell viability, proliferation, cell death rate, and vascular endothelial growth factor level were assessed by crystal violet staining, 3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, lactate dehydrogenase assay, and enzyme‐linked immuno‐sorbent assay, respectively. Oxidative stress was assessed by the estimation of free radical species malondialdehyde (MDA) and enzymes glutathione (GSH), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD).ResultsWJMSCs isolated in this study were positive for CD29, CD49, CD73, CD90, CD105, and SSEA4 and negative for CD45 and CD34. Under diabetic stress conditions, WJMSCs showed low viability and high lactate dehydrogenase release. A low level of vascular endothelial growth factor was also observed after diabetic serum treatment. Antioxidant level was also lower in diabetic serum‐treated WJMSCs compared to in normal serum‐treated WJMSCs.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest that pre‐treatment of WJMSCs with type 2 diabetic serum decreases the survival of WJMSCs. The findings of this study provide insight into diabetes‐induced harmful effects on WJMSCs.
Data, development, and growth
Authors: Weber Steven 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEconomic development and growth theory have long grappled with the consequences of cross-border flows of goods, services, ideas, and people. But the most significant growth in cross-border flows now comes in the form of data. Like other flows, data flows can demonstrate imbalances among exports and imports. Some of these flows represent ‘raw’ data while others represent high-value-added data products. Does any of this make a difference in national economic development trajectories? This paper argues that the answer is yes. After reviewing the core logic of ‘high development theories’ from the twentieth century, I analyze the sometimes implicit applications of these arguments to data as they are evolving in the existing literature. I then put forward a different argument which takes better account of unique characteristics of the political economy that emerges at the intersection of data, machine learning, and the platform firms that use them. I explore the implications of this new argument for some policy choices that governments face with regard to data localization, import substitution, and other decisions relevant to growth in both advanced and emerging economies.
Meaningful engagement: Impacts of a ‘calling’ work orientation and perceived leadership support
Authors: Kolodinsky Robert W , Ritchie William J , Kuna Wayne A 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGiven its positive relationship with valued organizational outcomes, worker-related engagement has become a prominent issue for practitioners and for scholars. While recent research has begun to validate various engagement antecedents and outcomes, little is known about the effects that work orientation and supportive leadership have on engagement, particularly among millennial workers, the soon to be dominant generational work group globally. To explore these gaps, we studied a particular form of work orientation – those indicating having a ‘calling’ – along with perceptions of how supportive leadership is for study subjects’ current work. Specifically, we posited positive worker engagement relationships for both worker calling and perceptions of leadership support, as well as for their interaction. Drawing upon a United States-based sample of 297 millennial workers, we found a positive relationship for each hypothesis. This study contributes to the expanding literature on the value of understanding how work orientation and leadership perceptions impact important organizational outcomes.
Overweight dogs exercise less frequently and for shorter periods: results of a large online survey of dog owners from the UK
Authors: German Alexander J. , Blackwell Emily , Evans Mark , Westgarth Carri 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCanine obesity is now the number one health concern in dogs worldwide. Regular physical activity can improve health, and owners are advised to exercise their dogs on a regular basis. However, limited information exists about associations between overweight status of dogs and walking activity. An online survey was conducted between June and August in 2014, coinciding with the broadcast of a national UK television programme, exploring dog behaviour. Information gathered included signalment, overweight status, and owner-reported information on duration and frequency of dog walking. The University of Liverpool Ethics Committee approved the project, and owners consented to data use. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations between overweight status and dog walking activity. Data were available from 11 154 adult dogs, and 1801 (16·1 %) of these were reported as overweight by their owners. Dogs reported to be overweight dogs were more likely to be neutered (P < 0·0001) and older (P < 0·0001). Various breeds were over-represented including beagle, Cavalier King Charles spaniel, golden retriever, Labrador retriever and pug (P < 0·0001 for all). Both frequency and duration of walking were negatively associated with overweight status (P < 0·0001 for both). On multiple regression analysis, duration and frequency were independently and negatively associated with the odds of being overweight, along with a range of other factors including age, neuter status and breed. This study has identified associations between overweight status and exercise. In the future, studies should determine the reason for this association, and whether changes in walking activity can influence weight status.
The effect of changing the moisture levels of dry extruded and wet canned diets on physical activity in cats
Authors: Thomas D. G. , Post M. , Bosch G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObesity levels in cats are increasing and the main causative factor is higher energy intake v. energy expenditure over time. Therefore, altering energy expenditure by enhancing physical activity of the cat could be a strategy to reduce obesity. Hydrating commercial dry diets with water increased activity in cats; however, no study has compared this approach with feeding high-moisture canned diets. Eight healthy male neutered domestic shorthair cats were fed four different dietary treatments in a Latin square design. Treatments were a canned diet ‘as is’ (82 % moisture) and freeze-dried (4 %), a dry diet ‘as is’ (3 %) and with added water (70 %). Cat activity was measured continuously using Actical® accelerometers. Cats were group housed during the first 14 d of each period and then moved to individual cages for 7 d with faecal and urine production measured over the final 4 d. Intake was similar for each diet. The average activity over 24 h was not different between treatments (P > 0·05). However, the ratio between average activity during the day v. at night was higher when cats were fed the dry diet (P = 0·030). Total water intake and urine volume increased when the canned diet was fed (P < 0·001). The similarity in total activity of the cats on the treatments indicates that dietary moisture or diet type did not have a major effect on these cats. However, the stronger diurnal activity patterns observed in the cats when they were fed the dry diet are intriguing and require further study.
The first Cenozoic spinicaudatans from North America
Authors: Stigall Alycia L. , Plotnick Roy E. , Park Boush Lisa E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA new spinicaudatan species,Estherites?jocelynaenew species, is described from more than fiftyspecimens collected from the Medicine Lodge Formation (early Oligocene) of the Beaverhead Basin in southwestern Montana, USA. This is the first spinicaudatan species reported from Cenozoic strata of North America and is the second-youngest fossil clam shrimp described globally. The new species extends the range of the superfamily Estheriteoidea into the Paleogene. Carapaces ofE.?jocelynaen. sp. are preserved as a calcium carbonate replacement of the original chitin-calcium-phosphate structure, which is an uncommon style of preservation for spinicaudatans. The unique preservation coupled with the range extension suggests that the sparse Cenozoic fossil record of spinicaudatans may be partly attributable to preservation bias related to geochemical conditions rather than exclusively to diversity decline following the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. The presence ofE.?jocelynaen. sp. in the Medicine Lodge Formation indicates that lakes in the Beaverhead Basin experienced seasonality and fluctuating lake levels with at least some drying at the lake margins. The ecological inferences support previous paleoenvironmental interpretations based on paleobotanical and other faunal evidence.