bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy for Patients With Resected Tumor Deposit–Positive Colorectal Cancer: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Based Population Study
Authors: Chavali Laxmi B. , Llanos Adana A. M. , Yun Jing-Ping , Hill Stephanie M. , Tan Xiang-Lin , Zhang Lanjing 
Published: October 2017

Context.—
According to the American Joint Committee on Cancer's Cancer Staging Manual, 7th edition, TNM classification, tumor deposit (TD)–positive colorectal cancers (CRCs) are classified as N1c. The effects of radiotherapy and the effects of the updated American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th edition TNM N1c classification for patients with TD-positive CRC are unclear.

Objective.—
To investigate outcomes of radiotherapy in patients with resected TD-positive CRC.

Design.—
Resected TD-positive CRCs diagnosed from 2010 to 2014 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database. Factors associated with overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were investigated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models.

Results.—
We included 2712 qualified CRC patients, who either underwent adjuvant radiotherapy (n = 187; 6.9%) or received no radiotherapy (n = 2525; 93.1%). Univariate Cox proportional models showed improved CSS among all CRC patients who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy (CSS hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57–0.95) and among rectal cancer patients when separated by location (hazard ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.40–0.83), although these associations were attenuated in multivariable-adjusted models. There was improved OS among rectal cancer patients (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.59–0.99). In subgroup analyses, radiotherapy was not associated with OS or CSS in either metastatic or nonmetastatic CRC patients. Instead, N1c category (versus N0) was associated with a worse OS (hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.31–1.57) but was not associated with CSS.

Conclusions.—
Radiotherapy did not independently improve OS among TD-positive CRC patients. In this study, classifying TD positivity as N1c was associated with worse OS than classifying TD positivity as N0. The findings seem to challenge the benefits of radiotherapy and the new N1c classification of TD for TD-positive CRC patients.
From Wellington to Quebec: Attracting Hollywood and Regulating Cultural Workers
Authors: Choko Maude , Conor Bridget 
Published: October 2017

The nature of work arrangements in the film industry and the professional characteristics of cultural workers involved in film production impact the legal qualification of these workers. They highlight the difficult task of classifying actual work arrangements in one specific legal category: either an “employment relationship” or a “contract for services relationship”. If adequate legal frameworks are not in place to capture the reality of those work arrangements properly, the legal qualification may lead to uncertainty detrimental to workers’ access to collective representation. This uncertainty opens the door to work conflicts and contestations of different types. This paper builds a dialogue between two disciplines, legal analysis and cultural labour analysis, by comparing two locally embedded case studies: the “Hobbit Law” in New Zealand and the “SpiderwickCase” in Quebec (Canada).Firstly, we outline our theoretical and methodological approach, drawing on literature on cultural labour studies as well as legal analysis. Secondly, we compare the legal status of cultural workers and collective representation within each of our cases. Thirdly, we present full accounts of the chronology, conflicts and contestations within our two cases, as well as outlining the legislative outcomes in each. And finally, in comparing these cases, we illustrate the difficulty of legally qualifying these relations, the uncertainty this engenders and the differing impacts these difficulties have had on collective action in each industry. We emphasize that each case, with their vastly differing outcomes, provides evidence of both the inclusion of cultural workers within the boundaries of specific legislation fostering collective representation of artists (in theSpiderwickCase) and the exclusion of cultural workers from the boundaries of labour legislation enabling collective representation of employees (in theHobbitCase). This is telling because these cases both took place in a location attracting Hollywood’s productions and, for both, this power of attraction remains crucial for the local industry. Understanding the impact of local cultural work regulation in the context of major global productions still lacks sustained attention and in this paper, we build a dialogue between our two cases to begin to remedy this.
Winning Conditions of Precarious Workers’ Struggles: A Reflection Based on Case Studies from South Korea
Authors: Lee Byoung-Hoon , Lee Sophia Seung-Yoon 
Published: October 2017

In South Korea, many struggles of non-regular workers, who attempted to organize their unions and engage in militant action to protest against employers’ inhumane discrimination and illegal exclusion, have failed to achieve the desired outcomes, due to their vulnerable employment status and their lack of action resources. In this light, our study examines the conditions that lead to victory in precarious workers’ struggles, by focusing on three attributes: internal solidarity with regular workers, external solidarity from labour and civil society groups outside the workplace, and mobilized protest repertoires. Specifically, this study seeks to identify the configurations of these three conditions that produce successful outcomes in precarious workers’ struggles, in terms of bargaining gains and organizational sustainability. We do this by employing fs/QCA modelling to examine 30 major cases of non-regular worker struggles occurring over a 16-year period from 1998 to 2013.
Our analysis presents the finding that the conditional configuration of strong external solidarity, strong internal solidarity, and fewer struggle repertoires constitutes a significant causal path to successful outcomes. This reaffirms the idea that strong solidarity bridging, whether with regular workers that have a different employment status in the segmented workplace, or with labour and civil society groups outside the workplace, is the crucial causal condition for precarious workers to achieve their desired outcomes from struggle. An unexpected finding, however, is that when precarious worker struggles mobilize fewer struggle repertoires, they are likely to achieve the successful outcomes of bargaining and organizational gains. Our study contributes to the theoretical elaboration of labour movement revitalization for the precariat class, by shedding light on the activism of precarious workers, considering that the English-language literature that pays attention to the active role of such atypical workers in staging protests against employers’ inhumane treatments and the neoliberal labour regime is limited.
Quand le droit conforte les stratégies syndicales reproduisant les arrangements institutionnels sources de discrimination systémique
Authors: Yerochewski Carole , Gagné Diane 
Published: October 2017

Cet article présente un cas de mobilisation contre les discriminations systémiques envers des travailleuses procurant des services d’assistance aux personnes (en anglais,care-workers), en grande majorité Noires et Haïtiennes, qui occupent des emplois aux normes dégradées dans des agences de placement fournissant du personnel pour un seul organisme parapublic. À l’intersection des mutations en cours dans la gestion de la main-d’oeuvre et de la réorganisation de la prise en charge des services d’assistance aux personnes, ce cas est représentatif de la façon dont se redessinent les frontières de la relation d’emploi. Les travailleuses mobilisées étant syndiquées, il permet aussi d’explorer un éventail d’attitudes syndicales.Une stratégie syndicale prédomine : elle consiste à défendre ou gérer la négociation collective institutionnalisée. Elle est encouragée par un ensemble d’institutions qui produisent des constructions contradictoires des enjeux d’égalité et du problème des discriminations. Si ces arrangements institutionnels ouvrent une brèche aux « innovations » patronales et confortent l’adoption de stratégies syndicales visant à préserver la relation bilatérale d’emploi, cet article soutient que cette stratégie est aussi symptomatique de la vision moniste avec laquelle les syndicats abordent l’effritement du modèle dominant de la relation d’emploi, en le réduisant aux conflits d’intérêts entre employeurs et travailleurs. Or, cet effritement est aussi le résultat des réorganisations mutuelles et réciproques des différentes formes sociales de division du travail entre classes, sexes et races. Mais en ne s’interrogeant pas sur ce qui a fondé le compromis de la société salariale, soit la minoration ou l’exclusion de groupes de populations de la norme d’emploi à temps plein et permanent, les syndicats accordent la priorité à des stratégies qui participent, comme l’illustre le cas choisi, si ce n’est à la création de normes discriminatoires, du moins, à la légitimation de frontières entre ceux qui ont accès à des emplois de qualité et les autres.
Le sport dans les « territoires de projet » ou les chemins tortueux de la coopération intercommunale
Authors: HONTA Marina 
Published: October 2017

Au moment où la France engage une nouvelle réforme territoriale, cet article examine les effets induits par le renforcement de la coopération intercommunale à partir des processus à l’oeuvre dans le domaine sportif. L’analyse, prenant appui sur plusieurs résultats d’études, est centrée sur les acteurs et sur l’usage que ceux-ci peuvent faire de ces changements d’échelle. Il est question d’étudier les modes d’organisation sportive auxquels les changements renvoient. En ce sens, si ces « territoires de projet » que doivent incarner les groupements de communes sont régulièrement appréhendés et présentés comme la « bonne » échelle spatiale de coordination et de régulation de l’action publique sportive, reste que la capacité à la formater et à l’imposer aux autres constitue encore un enjeu considérable.
La cosmophanie des réalités géographiques 1
Authors: BERQUE Augustin 
Published: October 2017

On interprète ici le « litige » (Streit) que Heidegger voit entre la Terre et le Monde, dans L’Origine de l’oeuvre d’art, comme l’en-tant-que (als) qui fait sortir la substance terrestre de son identité de gisant-dessous (hupokeimenon, subjectum) pour déployer son être vers un prédicat insubstantiel qui est un certain monde – le Monde, pour nous autres dont c’est le monde. Cette assomption du sujet (la Terre) en tant qu’un certain prédicat – un monde, qu’elle ouvre de ce fait même – produit les réalités géographiques. L’oeuvre d’art y joue un rôle d’éclaireur. La science, en revanche, n’a de cesse qu’elle ne saisisse l’identité du sujet (celui du logicien, qui n’est autre que l’objet du physicien). On peut ainsi tracer une triple homologie dans le Streit : il y a litige entre Terre et Monde comme entre science et art, ainsi qu’entre sujet et prédicat, litige qui engendre indéfiniment la mouvante réalité d’un certain milieu.
Relative Source Locations of Continuous Tremor Before and After the Subplinian Events at Shinmoe‐dake, in 2011
Authors: Ichihara M. , Matsumoto S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractVolcano monitoring systems are not always ready to resolve signals at the onset of eruptive activity. This study makes use of stations installed later to calibrate the performance of the stations that had been operated before the eruption. Seven stations recorded continuous volcanic tremor before and during the subplinian eruptions of Shinmoe‐dake, Japan, in 2011. We estimated the source locations of the tremor using the amplitude distribution. The stability of the analysis was obtained by careful selection of time windows in which signals from a single source are dominated. The site effects and the regional attenuation factor were evaluated using tremor recorded after the major eruptions by a dense seismic array and a good number of stations. A tremor source changed its depth beneath the crater for 1 week before the major eruption, rising from a depth of a few kilometer to the water layer 3 times, each of which occurred following shallow inflation and minor eruptions. It is interpreted as migration of gas probably with magma, which further transported heat to the water layer and triggered the subplinian eruptions.
Voyager 1/UVS Lyman α Measurements at the Distant Heliosphere (90–130 AU): Unknown Source of Additional Emission
Authors: Katushkina O. A. , Quémerais E. , Izmodenov V. V. , Lallement R. , Sandel B. R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this work, we present for the first time the Lyman α intensities measured by Voyager 1/UVS in 2003–2014 (at 90–130 AU from the Sun). During this period Voyager 1 measured the Lyman α emission in the outer heliosphere at an almost fixed direction close to the upwind (i.e.“ toward the interstellar flow). The data show an unexpected behavior in 2003–2009: the ratio of observed intensity to the solar Lyman α flux is almost constant. Numerical modeling of these data is performed in the frame of a state‐of‐the‐art self‐consistent kinetic‐MHD model of the heliospheric interface. The model results, for various interstellar parameters, predict a monotonic decrease of intensity not seen in the data. We propose two possible scenarios that explain the data qualitatively. The first is the formation of a dense layer of hydrogen atoms near the heliopause. Such a layer would provide an additional backscattered Doppler‐shifted Lyman α emission, which is not absorbed inside the heliosphere and may be observed by Voyager. About 35 R of intensity from the layer is needed. The second scenario is an external nonheliospheric Lyman α component, which could be galactic or extragalactic. Our parametric study shows that ∼25 R of additional emission leads to a good qualitative agreement between the Voyager 1 data and the model results.
Whistler Wave Propagation Through the Ionosphere of Venus
Authors: Pérez‐Invernón F. J. , Lehtinen N. G. , Gordillo‐Vázquez F. J. , Luque A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe investigate the attenuation of whistler waves generated by hypotetical Venusian lightning occurring at the altitude of the cloud layer under different ionospheric conditions. We use the Stanford full‐wave method for stratified media of Lehtinen and Inan (2008) to model wave propagation through the ionosphere of Venus. This method calculates the electromagnetic field created by an arbitrary source in a plane‐stratified medium (i.e., uniform in the horizontal direction). We see that the existence of holes in electronic densities and the magnetic field configuration caused by solar wind play an important role in the propagation of electromagnetic waves through the Venusian ionosphere.
On the Effect of Geomagnetic Storms on Relativistic Electrons in the Outer Radiation Belt: Van Allen Probes Observations
Authors: Moya Pablo S. , Pinto Víctor A. , Sibeck David G. , Kanekal Shrikanth G. , Baker Daniel N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUsing Van Allen Probes Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma‐Relativistic Electron‐Proton Telescope (ECT‐REPT) observations, we performed a statistical study on the effect of geomagnetic storms on relativistic electrons fluxes in the outer radiation belt for 78 storms between September 2012 and June 2016. We found that the probability of enhancement, depletion, and no change in flux values depends strongly on L and energy. Enhancement events are more common for ∼2 MeV electrons at L ∼ 5, and the number of enhancement events decreases with increasing energy at any given L shell. However, considering the percentage of occurrence of each kind of event, enhancements are more probable at higher energies, and the probability of enhancement tends to increases with increasing L shell. Depletion are more probable for 4–5 MeV electrons at the heart of the outer radiation belt, and no‐change events are more frequent at L < 3.5 for E ∼ 3 MeV particles. Moreover, for L > 4.5 the probability of enhancement, depletion, or no‐change response presents little variation for all energies. Because these probabilities remain relatively constant as a function of radial distance in the outer radiation belt, measurements obtained at geosynchronous orbit may be used as a proxy to monitor E≥1.8 MeV electrons in the outer belt.
Seismologically Observed Spatiotemporal Drainage Activity at Moulins
Authors: Aso Naofumi , Tsai Victor C. , Schoof Christian , Flowers Gwenn E. , Whiteford Arran , Rada Camilo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHydrology is important for glacier dynamics, but it is difficult to monitor the subsurface drainage systems of glaciers by direct observations. Since meltwater drainage generates seismic signals, passive seismic analysis has the potential to be used to monitor these processes. To study continuous seismic radiation from the drainage, we analyze geophone data from six stations deployed at the Kaskawulsh Glacier in Yukon, Canada, during the summer of 2014 using ambient noise cross‐correlation techniques. We locate the noise sources by backprojecting the amplitude of the cross correlation to the glacier surface. Most of the ambient noise sequences are found in two clusters, with each cluster located in the vicinity of a moulin identified at the surface. Stronger seismic radiation is observed during the day, consistent with expected variability in melt rates. We demonstrate that the sparse seismic network array with 2 km station separation has the ability to detect moulins within the array with a precision of 50 m. We confirm that seismic activity is correlated with air temperature, and thus, melt, on a diurnal timescale, and precipitation correlates with the activity at longer timescales. Our results highlight the potential of passive seismic observations for monitoring water flow into subglacial channels through moulins with an affordable number of seismic stations, but quantification of water flow rates still remains a challenge. The cross‐correlation backprojection technique described here can also potentially be applied to any localized source of ambient noise such as ocean noise, tectonic tremor, and volcanic tremor.
Structure and Density of Fe‐C Liquid Alloys Under High Pressure
Authors: Morard G. , Nakajima Y. , Andrault D. , Antonangeli D. , Auzende A. L. , Boulard E. , Cervera S. , Clark A. N. , Lord O. T. , Siebert J. , Svitlyk V. , Garbarino G. , Mezouar M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe density and structure of liquid Fe‐C alloys have been measured up to 58 GPa and 3,200 K by in situ X‐ray diffraction using a Paris‐Edinburgh press and laser‐heated diamond anvil cell. Study of the pressure evolution of the local structure inferred by X‐ray diffraction measurements is important to understand the compression mechanism of the liquid. Obtained data show that the degree of compression is greater for the first coordination sphere than the second and third coordination spheres. The extrapolation of the measured density suggests that carbon cannot be the only light element alloyed to iron in the Earth's core, as 8–16 at % C (1.8–3.7 wt % C) would be necessary to explain the density deficit of the outer core relative to pure Fe. This concentration is too high to account for outer core velocity. The presence of other light elements (e.g., O, Si, S, and H) is thus required.
Regional Climate Variability Under Model Simulations of Solar Geoengineering
Authors: Dagon Katherine , Schrag Daniel P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSolar geoengineering has been shown in modeling studies to successfully mitigate global mean surface temperature changes from greenhouse warming. Changes in land surface hydrology are complicated by the direct effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) on vegetation, which alters the flux of water from the land surface to the atmosphere. Here we investigate changes in boreal summer climate variability under solar geoengineering using multiple ensembles of model simulations. We find that spatially uniform solar geoengineering creates a strong meridional gradient in the Northern Hemisphere temperature response, with less consistent patterns in precipitation, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture. Using regional summertime temperature and precipitation results across 31‐member ensembles, we show a decrease in the frequency of heat waves and consecutive dry days under solar geoengineering relative to a high‐CO2 world. However in some regions solar geoengineering of this amount does not completely reduce summer heat extremes relative to present day climate. In western Russia and Siberia, an increase in heat waves is connected to a decrease in surface soil moisture that favors persistent high temperatures. Heat waves decrease in the central United States and the Sahel, while the hydrologic response increases terrestrial water storage. Regional changes in soil moisture exhibit trends over time as the model adjusts to solar geoengineering, particularly in Siberia and the Sahel, leading to robust shifts in climate variance. These results suggest potential benefits and complications of large‐scale uniform climate intervention schemes.
Diastereodivergent Henry Reaction for the Stereoselective Construction of Nitrogen‐Containing Tetrasubstituted Carbons: Application to Total Synthesis of Manzacidins A and C
Authors: Kudoh Takayuki , Araki Yuya , Miyoshi Natsumi , Tanioka Mizuho , Sakakura Akira 
Published: October 2017

Abstractβ,β‐Disubstituted β‐amino alcohols has been synthesized in a diastereodivergent manner from chiral secondary nitroalkanes as starting materials. In this key Henry reaction, the use of different protecting groups resulted in the diastereoselective construction of the tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenter with different configuration. Based on this methodology, a total synthesis of manzacidins A and C has been achieved.
One‐Pot Four‐Segment Ligation Using Seleno‐ and Thioesters: Synthesis of Superoxide Dismutase
Authors: Takei Toshiki , Andoh Tomoshige , Takao Toshifumi , Hojo Hironobu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of a peptide selenoester was efficiently carried out by the 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) method using N‐alkylcysteine, at the C‐terminus of the peptide, as the N‐to‐S acyl shift device. The selenoester selectively reacted with the terminal amino group of the peptide aryl thioester in the presence of N,N‐diisopropylethylamine and dipyridyldisulfide, thus leaving the aryl thioester intact. Combined with silver‐ion‐promoted and silver‐ion‐free thioester activation methods, a one‐pot four‐segment ligation was realized. The method was successfully used to assemble the entire sequence of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which is composed of 153 amino‐acid residues, in one pot. After the folding reaction, the fully active SOD was obtained.