Anti-diabetic effects of a phytomedicinal formulation in streptozotocin and high-fat diet-induced diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Halande Mansi Pravin , Patil Pallavi Abhijeet , Garge Vaibhavi , Dhar Heenu 
Published: September 2024

Objectives:
The present study ‘To evaluate anti-diabetic activity of phyto-medcinal formulation in high fat diet and low dose sterptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) in albino wistar rats’ was carried out at the Department of Pharmacology, Bhararti Vidyapeeth’s college of Pharmacy Sector-8 C.B.D Belapur, Navi Mumbai with the following objectives: (a) To evaluate in vitro anti-oxidant activity of phytomedicinal formulation. (b) To evaluate in vitro anti-diabetic activity of phytomedicinal formulation using MIN-6 cell line. (c) To evaluate in vivo effect of Mentat tablets on oral glucose tolerance test of phytomedicinal formulation in Wistar rats. (d) To evaluate in vivo antidiabetic activity of phytomedicinal formulation in high fat diet and Streptozotocin induced diabeticnephropathy in albino wistar rats.

Materials and Methods:
The phyto-medicinal formulation ‘Himalaya Mentat tablets’ and marketed anti-diabetic formulation ‘Sanofi’ – Glibenclamide tablets IP 5 mg were procured. The organoleptic properties of the formulation were assessed. Mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 6) is used to express values. Data were examined using Dunnett’s test after a two-way analysis of variance. In comparison to a vehicle, #P < 0.0001, and in comparison to a vehicle group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

Results:
The organoleptic properties of tablets comply within the IP limit. The maximum percentage of inhibition shown by mentat tablets at a concentration of 100 µg/mL was 76.55%, whereas the percentage of inhibition of ascorbic acid at the same dose was determined to be (85.19%). At a concentration of 100 µg/mL, the maximum % inhibition shown by mentat tablets was (79.4%) while at same concentration the % inhibition of ascorbic acid was found to be (96.1%). At a concentration of 100 µg/mL, the maximum % inhibition shown by mentat tablets was (79.4%) while at same concentration the % inhibition of ascorbic acid was found to be (96.1%). The efficacy of the formulation to prevent the production of anti-glycation end products (AGEs) was investigated using the anti-glycation assay on mentat tablets. The greatest percentage of mentat tablet inhibition was determined to be 90.09% at a dose of 1000 µg/mL, whereas the percentage of rutin (STD) inhibition was found to be 82.16% at the same concentration. Mentat tablets, administered at a dose of 1000 µg/mL in a glucose concentration of 11 mM, demonstrated insulin secretion. The highest insulin secretion was noted at 1000 µg/mL of mentat tablets. The inclusion of mentat tablets dramatically increased the dose-dependent release of insulin. Mentat tablets (100 mg/kg) and tablets (200 mg/kg) were effective in lowering high blood glucose levels in all treatment groups. Within 60 and 120 min of the test compound being administered, mentat tablets (200 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.001) decreased the blood glucose level. The treatment groups showed significant (P < 0.01) decrease in serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats compared to disease control group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly (P < 0.01) increased in treatment groups compared to disease control group. Mentat (200 mg/kg) dose showed significant (P < 0.01) decrease in serum levels of TG, TC and LDL-C and significant (P < 0.01) increase in HDL-C levels. In comparison to the disease control group, the administration of mentat (100 mg/kg), mentat (200 mg/kg), and gibenclamide resulted in a substantial (P < 0.01) rise in the levels of uric acid, creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen in urine. The treatment groups’ urine albumin levels were considerably lower (P < 0.01) than those of the disease control group.

Conclusion:
The current study offers pertinent proof that the phyto-medicinal formulation known as ‘Mentat tablets’ reduces the risk of DN and the metabolic abnormalities linked to diabetes mellitus. After assessing the mentat pill quality control test, in vitro and in vivo activity were assessed. Since the production of reactive oxygen species is linked to DN, an in vitro assessment of mentat tablets was conducted to determine their anti-oxidant capability. It has been discovered that mentat tablets have antioxidant properties. Additionally, effective in preventing the growth of AGEs a crucial component in the development of DN were mentat pills. The outcomes further demonstrated that Mentat tablets, in addition to its antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activities, possesses an innate potential to stimulate insulin production by the MIN6-cell line. In vivo study reveals that mentat tablet (100 mg/kg) and (200 mg/kg) showed significant antidiabetic activity in HFD/STZ induced DN in rats. Mentat tablets (200 mg/kg) showed better results in reduction of elevated blood glucose level during 21 days of treatment. It may be concluded by reducing hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and DN indicators, Mentat pills protect against kidney damage in rats with HFD/STZ-induced DN.