bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
#37: Diagnosis and Management of Vasa Previa
Authors: Sinkey R.G. , Odibo A.O. , Dashe J.S. 
Published: November 2016

(Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015;213(5):615–619)
Vasa previa is a condition that occurs in approximately 1 per 2500 deliveries when fetal blood vessels that are unprotected by the umbilical cord or placenta run through the amniotic membranes and pass across the cervix. Rupture of membranes causes these vessels to rupture, resulting in fetal hemorrhage, exsanguination, fetal asphyxia, or even death. Type I vasa previa occurs when a velamentous cord insertion between the umbilical cord and placenta is present, and fetal vessels that run freely within the amniotic membranes overlie the cervix. Type II vasa previa occurs when the placenta has a succenturiate lobe or is multilobed, and fetal vessels that connect the 2 placental lobes pass over or are near the cervix.
Conservative Management of Morbidly Adherent Placenta: Expert Review
Authors: Fox K.A. , Shamshirsaz A.A. , Carusi D. , Secord A.A. , Lee P. , Turan O.M. , Huls C. , Abuhamad A. , Simhan H. , Barton J. , Wright J. , Silver R. , Belfort M.A. 
Published: November 2016

(Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015;213(6):755–760)
Morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) includes the spectrum of placenta accreta, increta, and percreta and is a cause of major morbidity and mortality in pregnant women. In the last century, the incidence of MAP has risen from approximately 1 in 20,000 live births in 1928 to 1 in 533 in 2002.
Tranexamic Acid for Preventing Postpartum Blood Loss After Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Simonazzi G. , Bisulli M. , Saccone G. , Moro E. , Marshall A. , Berghella V. 
Published: November 2016

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2016;95:28–37)
The World Health Organization defines postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) as “blood loss from the birth canal in excess of 500 mL during the first 24 hours after delivery,” although currently there is a debate about what definition to use for PPH. PPH is responsible for about 25% of maternal deaths worldwide, and 12% of survivors will develop severe anemia. Although there are several published clinical trials of the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in an obstetric setting, there is no consensus on its use or guidelines for management. The aim of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the effectiveness of TXA in reducing blood loss when given before cesarean delivery (CD).
Maternal Deaths in Iceland Over 25 Years
Authors: Birgisdottir H. , Bjarnadottir R.I. , Kristjansdottir K. , Geirsson R.T. 
Published: November 2016

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2016;95:74–78)
An account of the incidence, causes, and cofactors of maternal mortality in every nation would enable the minimization of such events. This study in Iceland gathered information on deaths of women in the fertile age group (15 to 49 y), linked this information with data from the birth and hospital discharge diagnostic registries, and performed additional searches to estimate maternal mortality over a period of 25 years.
Association Between Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Later Risk of Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Behrens Ida , Basit Saima , Lykke Jacob Alexander , Ranthe Mattis Flyvholm , Wohlfahrt Jan , Bundgaard Henning , Melbye Mads , Boyd Heather A. 
Published: November 2016

(JAMA 2016;315(10):1026–1033)
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including preeclampsia and gestational hypertension, are common, occurring in approximately 10% of parturients worldwide. Women with preeclampsia have been shown to be at increased risk for peripartum cardiomyopathy as well as cardiovascular disease later in life. It has not yet been determined if these women are also at greater risk for developing cardiomyopathy beyond the peripartum period. However, recent research has suggested women with preeclampsia may undergo some degree of cardiac remodeling that results in persistent cardiac dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between HDP and cardiomyopathy after the peripartum period.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnancy in Women With Chronic Hypertension: A Retrospective Analysis of a National Register
Authors: Broekhuijsen K. , Ravelli A.C. , Langenveld J. , van Pampus M.G. , van den Berg P.P. , Mol B.W. , Franssen M.T. 
Published: November 2016

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2015;94(12):1337–1345)
Increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (preeclampsia/eclampsia, placental abruption, preterm delivery, growth restriction, and maternal and perinatal mortality) is noted in pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension. The objective of this study was to assess whether planned early delivery may prevent some of these adverse outcomes. To achieve this objective, maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy in women with chronic hypertension, including gestational-age–specific outcomes were studied.
Intrapartum Epidural Fixation Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial of 3 Different Epidural Catheter Securement Devices
Authors: Odor P.M. , Bampoe S. , Hayward J. , Chis Ster I. , Evans E. 
Published: November 2016

(Anaesthesia. 2016;71:298–305)
When placing an epidural for labor analgesia, one goal is to minimize epidural catheter migration during labor and delivery. However, there is no consensus among obstetric anesthesiologists as to the best method to use for epidural catheter fixation. Techniques used vary from simple adhesive dressings to specifically designed fixation devices such as Epi-Fix, LockIt Plus, and Tegaderm. The primary objective of this current study was to determine which of the devices listed above would result in the least amount of epidural catheter migration.
Success Factors for Bakri Balloon Usage Secondary to Uterine Atony: A Retrospective, Multicentre Study
Authors: Vintejoux E. , Ulrich D. , Mousty E. , Masia F. , Marès P. , de Tayrac R. , Letouzey V. 
Published: November 2016

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;55(6):572–577)
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), defined as bleeding exceeding 500 mL within 24 hours after vaginal delivery or a reduction of hematocrit level by at least 10% between admission and the postpartum period, is a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Conventional surgical procedures and invasive treatments pose complications as well as difficulties with regard to access, hence, noninvasive techniques such as intrauterine tamponade using various balloons and catheters have been recommended.
Risk Factors for Retained Placenta
Authors: Coviello E.M. , Grantz K.L. , Huang C.C. , Kelly T.E. , Landy H.J. 
Published: November 2016

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213:864.e1–e.11)
According to the World Health Organization, in developing countries, postpartum hemorrhage is the primary cause of maternal mortality, responsible for 25% of maternal fatalities. About 2% to 3% of vaginal deliveries are complicated by postpartum hemorrhage for which the treatment includes manual or operative placental extraction and this often results in increased risks of hemorrhage, infection, and prolonged hospital stays. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for retained placenta (defined as >30 min between the delivery of the fetus and placenta).
Treatments for Pregnancy-related Lumbopelvic Pain: A Systematic Review of Physiotherapy Modalities
Authors: Gutke A. , Betten C. , Degerskär K. , Pousette S. , Olsén M.F. 
Published: November 2016

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2015;94(11):1156–1167)
Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) during pregnancy occurs between the posterior iliac crests and the gluteal folds, and may radiate down the thighs, while low back pain (LBP) is localized beneath the ribs, but above the gluteal folds, and may or may not radiate down the legs. Lumbopelvic pain, which denotes the absence of distinction between PGP and LBP, is experienced by 50% of parturients and its prevalence increases as pregnancy advances. The distinction between PGP and LBP is important in order to select appropriate targeted treatment options. Earlier studies have reported that the majority of pregnant women with lumbopelvic pain have PGP (50% with PGP, 17% with lumbar pain, and 33% with combined PGP and LBP). Various treatments have been recommended by physiotherapists for lumbopelvic pain, including mobilization, exercises, use of pelvic belts, acupuncture, and manipulative therapy.
A Large Head Circumference is More Strongly Associated With Unplanned Cesarean or Instrumental Delivery and Neonatal Complications Than High Birthweight
Authors: Lipschuetz M. , Cohen S.M. , Ein-Mor E. , Sapir H. , Hochner-Celnikier D. , Porat S. , Amsalem H. , Valsky D.V. , Ezra Y. , Elami-Suzin M. , Paltiel O. , Yagel S. 
Published: November 2016

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213:833.e1–e.12)
Perinatal outcomes are known to be affected by fetal size. A cross-sectional study based on electronic medical records was undertaken to study whether obstetric outcomes are affected more by fetal head circumference (HC) than by birthweight (BW).
Cervical Pessary to Prevent Preterm Birth in Women With Twin Gestation and Sonographic Short Cervix: A Multicentre Randomized Controlled Trial (PECEP-Twins)
Authors: Goya M. , de la Calle M. , Pratcorona L. , Merced C. , Rodó C. , Muñoz B. , Juan M. , Serrano A. , Llurba E. , Higueras T. , Carreras E. , Cabero L. 
Published: November 2016

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214(2):145–152)
The primary risk factor for perinatal morbidity and mortality is noted to be spontaneous preterm birth (SPB) and the risk increases in twin gestations. Early and very early birth among twins is attributed to mothers having short cervical length (CL). It is also seen that 15% of women with twin gestations have CL≤25 mm. This measurement has become the benchmark for identifying women at risk of preterm delivery. Vaginal progesterone, cervical cerclage, and cervical pessary are the choices available for the management of patients with short CL. Use of vaginal progesterone did not reduce the rate of preterm delivery but the rate of neonatal morbidity decreased. Adverse outcome in twin gestations has been associated with cervical cerclage. Cervical pessary—a small ring shaped device made of silicone—was introduced in 1960 as a preventive measure for short CL. This device is inserted around the cervix, and a considerable fall in the preterm birth rate was recorded after this device came in use. Although, earlier clinical trial reports showed favorable results, the evidence came from nonrandomized study designs. Thus, further evidence supporting the role of cervical pessary in reducing the preterm birth rate was sought.
Intermittent Screening and Treatment or Intermittent Preventive Treatment With Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine Versus Intermittent Preventive Treatment With Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine for the Control of Malaria During Pregnancy in Western Kenya: An Open-label, 3-Group, Randomized Controlled Superiority Trial
Authors: Desai Meghna , Gutman Julie , L’lanziva Anne , Otieno Kephas , Juma Elizabeth , Kariuki Simon , Ouma Peter , Were Vincent , Laserson Kayla , Katana Abraham , Williamson John , ter Kuile Feiko O. 
Published: November 2016

(Lancet. 2015;386:2507–2519)
In sub-Saharan Africa, there are >32 million pregnancies annually. As this is a malaria-endemic region, it is estimated approximately 12 million women who have live births (45% of live births) would be exposed to malaria infection each year. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during the second and third trimester for parturients living in malaria-endemic areas. Although this strategy has been effective, concerns are being raised due to an increase in parasite resistance. The aim of this current study was to assess the efficacy and safety of 2 alternative strategies: intermittent screening with malaria rapid diagnostic tests and treatment of women who test positive with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, and intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine.
Angiogenic Factor Imbalance Early in Pregnancy Predicts Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Lupus and Antiphospholipid Antibodies: Results of the PROMISSE Study
Authors: Kim M.Y. , Buyon J.P. , Guerra M.M. , Rana S. , Zhang D. , Laskin C.A. , Petri M. , Lockshin M.D. , Sammaritano L.R. , Branch D.W. , Porter T.F. , Merrill J.T. , Stephenson M.D. , Gao Q. , Karumanchi S.A. , Salmon J.E. 
Published: November 2016

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214:108.e1–e.14)
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) predominantly affects women and commonly presents during their childbearing years. Pregnancy in patients with SLE, particularly those with antiphospholipid (APL) antibodies, and in patients with APL alone, is associated with an increased risk for maternal and fetal morbidity due to preeclampsia (PE) and insufficient placental support of the developing fetus. PE and placental insufficiency are, in turn, associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), including maternal complications of PE, intrauterine fetal death, and fetal growth restriction, as well as indicated preterm delivery. Hence the ability to identify patients who are destined for poor outcomes, early in pregnancy, would significantly impact care of this high-risk population.
Neonatal Outcomes After the Obstetric Near-miss Events Uterine Rupture, Abnormally Invasive Placenta and Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy: Prospective Data From the 2009 to 2011 Finnish NOSS Study
Authors: Jakobsson M. , Tapper A.M. , Palomäki O. , Ojala K. , Pallasmaa N. , Ordén M.R. , Gissler M. 
Published: November 2016

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2015;94:1387–1394)
The objective of this study was to assess fetal and neonatal outcomes in women with the obstetric near-miss complications of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP), uterine rupture, and emergency peripartum hysterectomy using the Finnish Nordic Obstetric Surveillance Study (NOSS) population.
Complications of 761 Short-term Intrathecal Macrocatheters in Obstetric Patients: A Retrospective Review of Cases Over a 12-Year Period
Authors: Cohn J. , Moaveni D. , Sznol J. , Ranasinghe J. 
Published: November 2016

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2016;25:30–36)
Continuous spinal anesthesia may have some advantages over epidural catheter and single-shot spinal techniques in obstetrics, particularly in certain groups of high-risk parturients. However, use of intrathecal catheters (ITCs) seems underutilized on many obstetric units, with anesthesiologists citing the fear of infection, nerve damage or postdural puncture headache (PDPH). At the authors’ institution, which is a tertiary care hospital, ITCs are placed intentionally in specific high-risk obstetric patients, including those with morbid obesity, severe cardiopulmonary disease or spinal abnormalities. They also used ITCs following accidental dural puncture (ADP) with a 17-G epidural needle. This study reviewed retrospectively the complications experienced by 761 parturients who received an ITC for labor analgesia and/or anesthesia for cesarean delivery (CD) during the time period of 2001 to 2012 period.
Effect of Neuraxial Technique After Inadvertent Dural Puncture on Obstetric Outcomes and Anesthetic Complications
Authors: Jagannathan D.K. , Arriaga A.F. , Elterman K.G. , Kodali B.S. , Robinson J.N. , Tsen L.C. , Palanisamy A. 
Published: November 2016

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2016;25:23–29)
Epidural analgesia is a popular technique for labor pain management. A relatively common complication of this procedure is inadvertent dural puncture (IDP), which will lead to postdural puncture headache (PDPH) in some patients. The objective of this current study was to evaluate whether there was a difference in labor outcomes when IDP was managed with insertion of an intrathecal catheter versus resiting of an epidural catheter. The authors hypothesized that patients who received an intrathecal catheter would be less likely to have a prolonged second stage of labor with no difference in cesarean delivery rate compare with patients who had another epidural catheter placed.
The Effects of Prophylactic Bolus Phenylephrine on Hypotension During Low-dose Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section
Authors: Lee H.-M. , Kim S.-H. , Hwang B.-Y. , Yoo B.-W. , Koh W.-U. , Jang D.-M. , Choi W.-J. 
Published: November 2016

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2016;25:17–22)
Spinal anesthesia for cesarean section is preferred in order to avoid the serious maternal complications that can occur during general anesthesia. However, spinal anesthesia is not without complications. Spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension occurs commonly and may have deleterious effects on both mother and fetus. To decrease the risk of hypotension a continuous infusion of phenylephrine is frequently administered, but there are limited data about the use of prophylactic boluses of the drug. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3 prophylactic bolus doses of phenylephrine during low-dose spinal anesthesia for cesarean section, including adverse hemodynamic effects and neonatal outcome.
Spinal Fentanyl Versus Sufentanil for Postoperative Analgesia After C-section: A Double-blinded Randomized Trial
Authors: Wilwerth M. , Majcher J.L. , Van der Linden P. 
Published: November 2016

(Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2016) [Epub ahead of print]
Several studies have shown that the addition of opioids, such as morphine, to an intrathecal (IT) local anesthetic solution prolongs the effective postoperative analgesia in women undergoing cesarean section. Two of the most commonly administered lipophilic opioids are fentanyl and sufentanil. As there are few studies that compare these 2 agents, the authors of the present study investigated the effective analgesia duration, postoperative morphine requirement, and incidence of side effects for both IT fentanyl and sufentanil.
Osteosarcoma
Authors: Hiller Chelsea , Wegler Jennifer L. , Forest Christopher P. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents. Because the incidence of osteosarcoma is low and the disease occurs in physically active patients, it may be misdiagnosed as a more benign condition, thus leading to late diagnosis. This article describes the disease's most frequent presenting complaints and initial radiographic findings, as well as its risk factors and common misdiagnoses. Clinicians should consider osteosarcoma in young patients with persistent bone pain, especially pain with weight-bearing.
Current management of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Alfonso Ana , Montalban-Bravo Guillermo , Garcia-Manero Guillermo 
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review
The present review will focus on the current management of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) as well as in future therapeutic perspectives.

Recent findings
CMML is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by peripheral blood monocytosis and myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative alterations in the bone marrow. Clinical behavior of the disease can be heterogeneous, with some patients having an indolent form of the disease, whereas others experience an aggressive course with decreased survival and eventual transformation to leukemia. Multiple studies have helped define the clinical, cytogenetic and mutational prognostic features of the disease. In addition, several prognostic scoring systems have been developed for patients with CMML. Incorporation of mutation data, particularly presence of frameshift and nonsense ASXL1 mutations, into these models seems to be allowing to further improve our ability to predict patient outcomes.

Summary
Prognosis of patients with CMML is heterogeneous. Incorporation of mutational data into current clinical prognostic models has allowed to improve our ability to predict patient outcomes. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains the only potentially curative treatment for patients with CMML but is only an option for a subset of patients. For this reason, hypomethylating agents such as 5-azacitidine and decitabine have become the backbone of current therapy for patients with CMML, but new therapeutic strategies are required to improve their outcomes.
Role of the unfolded protein response in tumor cell characteristics and cancer outcome
Authors: Galmiche Antoine , Sauzay Chloé , Chevet Eric , Pluquet Olivier 
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review
In the present review, we discuss the possible role of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the acquisition of tumor cell characteristics and in the prognosis of cancer outcome, which could assist and contribute to the development of more promising therapeutic strategies.

Recent findings
Accumulating evidence supports the idea that alteration of endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis is a key player in cancer development and aggressiveness. Some UPR components were reported as independent prognostic biomarker. Recent evidence supports a relationship between the UPR activation status and prognosis of tumors. This may represent an interesting avenue for better characterization of carcinogenesis and tumor type.

Summary
The contribution of the UPR to the characteristics of malignant tumors is complex and dependent on both intrinsic (e.g. oncogene addiction) and extrinsic (e.g. hypoxia) contexts. Through adaptation to severe microenvironmental conditions, UPR branches are generally a survival strategy for cancer cells, which are able to cope with this challenging context. We address the question of whether the activation status of the UPR is related to tumor properties and discuss the role of the UPR in the clinical context.
Evaluation of Viral Load as a Triage Strategy With Primary High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Luo Hongxue , Belinson Jerome L. , Du Hui , Liu Zhihong , Zhang Lijie , Wang Chun , Qu Xinfeng , Pretorius Robert G. , Wu Ruifang 
Published: November 2016

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load combined with cytology as a secondary screening strategy after primary HPV screening.

Materials and Methods
The data referring to direct Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2), cytology, and histology from Shenzhen Cervical Cancer Screening Trial II were re-analyzed to determine the correlation between viral load and cervical lesions. In addition, algorithms using different viral loads as cut points for immediate colposcopy plus cytology triage were compared with several recommended or controversial primary screening methods.

Results
A total of 8,556 women with a mean age of 38.9 years were included in the analysis, of which 13.67% tested high-risk HPV positive with a prevalence of 2.72% for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ (CIN 2+) and 1.65% for CIN 3+. A significant correlation was observed between increasing relative light units/control (RLU/CO) values and worsening cervical lesions. The mean RLU/CO values for negative, CIN 1, CIN 2, CIN 3, and cancer were 6.86, 119.43, 410.90, 449.39, and 853.26, respectively. A larger proportion of HPV infections with relative high viral load (≥10 RLU/CO) were found in higher-grade lesions. The algorithm using 10 or greater RLU/CO as cut point for immediate colposcopy followed by triage cytology for the other positive (≥1 < 10 RLU/CO) had sensitivity of 93.13%/96.45% and specificity of 92.32%/91.44% for CIN 2+/3+, and the colposcopy referral rate was 10.00%.

Conclusions
Human papillomavirus viral load level is positively associated with cervical lesion grade. Ten relative light units/control or greater is a viable threshold for immediate colposcopy whereas 1 or greater or less than 10 RLU/CO is advised to reflex cytology for optimizing sensitivity and specificity, as well as referral rates.