bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of parental mediation of pre-schooler’s advertising exposure
Authors: Robertson Kirsten Jane , Aitken Robert , Thyne Maree , Watkins Leah 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the correlates of parental mediation of pre-schoolers’ television advertising exposure, focusing on the influence of other siblings in the home.

Design/methodology/approach
Participants included 486 parents of pre-schoolers. A cross-sectional design involving a quantitative online survey measured the number and age of children in the home, parents’ mediation styles and advertising attitudes, parents’ levels of education and pre-schoolers’ television exposure.

Findings
Co-viewing was the most frequent viewing experience followed by instructive and restrictive mediation. A univariate analysis revealed that parental education and negative attitudes towards advertising were associated with less viewing time for pre-schoolers, although the presence of other siblings mediated this relationship. Logistic regression revealed mediation styles were associated with parental education, attitudes towards advertising, viewing time and the presence of other siblings. Pre-schoolers with an older sibling were less likely to experience co-viewing and more likely to experience instructive mediation.

Research limitations/implications
The findings revealed that parents of pre-schoolers are concerned about advertising to children and actively mediate their child’s exposure. Parental attitudes and education, and sibling composition influence pre-schoolers’ television consumption, and pre-schoolers with an older sibling might be most vulnerable to negative media effects. The sample was limited to primarily higher educated parents and might not generalize.

Originality/value
The study extends the field by focusing on pre-schoolers and provides novel insights into the influence of sibling composition on television consumption.
Novel Umami Ingredients: Umami Peptides and Their Taste
Authors: Zhang Yin , Venkitasamy Chandrasekar , Pan Zhongli , Liu Wenlong , Zhao Liming 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUmami substances are very important for food seasoning and healthy eating. In addition to monosodium glutamate and some nucleotides, recent investigations have revealed that several peptides also exhibit umami taste. In recent years, 52 peptides have been reported to show umami taste, including 24 dipeptides, 16 tripeptides, 5 octapeptides, 2 pentapeptides, 2 hexapeptides, 1 tetrapeptide, 1 heptapeptide, and 1 undecapeptide. Twenty of these peptides have been examined for the present of umami taste. In this review, we have listed these umami peptides based on their category, source, taste, and threshold concentration. The evidence for peptides showing umami taste, the umami taste receptors on the human tongue, and the peptides whose umami taste is controversial are also discussed.
Genetic variation and gene conversions within the bovine NK‐lysin gene family
Authors: Chen J. , Lee M. O. , Womack J. E. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIn contrast to a single copy of the NK‐lysin gene in humans and many other mammals, we previously identified a family of four expressed NK‐lysin genes arising by tandem duplications on cattle chromosome 11. Here, we report two genetic variants in the bovine NK‐lysin complex with potential importance in the bovine innate immune system. The first one is a 9‐bp deletion causing a three‐amino‐acid deletion in the pro‐region of the NK1 gene product. The second is a deletion of NK2B in some Holstein cattle, resulting in copy number variation that is in disequilibrium with a SNP from the bovine 770K HD SNP array. We also show evidence for gene conversions within the three new NK2 genes, which at least partially accounts for their high degree of sequence identity.
Three intronic lncRNAs with monoallelic expression derived from the MEG8 gene in cattle
Authors: Yang W. , Li D. , Wang G. , Zhang C. , Zhang M. , Zhang W. , Li S. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe field of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) research has been rapidly advancing in recent years. Antisense lncRNAs, intergenetic lncRNAs and enhancer lncRNAs can regulate genomic imprinting, which leads to parent‐origin‐specific monoalletic expression of genes. However, the function of intronic ncRNAs in genomic imprinting remains unclear. Previously, we obtained the cDNA sequence of cattle MEG8 gene, which is located in the DLK1–DIO3 imprinted clusters of cattle chromosome 21. In this study, we undertook a systematic search for transcripts mapping to the MEG8 intronic region and identified three novel lncRNAs, named MEG8 intronic RNA 1 (MEG8‐IT1), MEG8 intronic RNA 2 (MEG8‐IT2) and MEG8 intronic RNA 3 (MEG8‐IT3) according to the GENCODE annotated bibliography. We characterized the expression pattern of these lncRNAs using RT‐PCR in adult cattle tissues, and they were expressed in all tested eight tissues, similar to the expression pattern of MEG8. The allele‐specific expression of three novel lncRNAs was assessed using a polymorphism‐based sequencing approach. Three single nucleotide polymorphism sites were identified in these three lncRNAs. We found that the three lncRNAs showed monoallelic expression in the analyzed tissues, suggesting that they may be imprinted in cattle. These results expand the number of known monoallelically expressed lncRNAs from the DLK1–DIO3 domain and contribute to further investigation of lncRNA regulatory mechanisms and function.
Efficacy of allergen immunotherapy in reducing the likelihood of developing new allergen sensitizations: a systematic review
Authors: Di Bona D. , Plaia A. , Leto‐Barone M. S. , La Piana S. , Macchia L. , Di Lorenzo G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines and position papers indicate that allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease‐modifying treatment, including prevention of the onset of new allergen sensitizations. However, this preventive effect was shown by only a few observational studies. Our aim was to systematically review the efficacy of AIT in preventing the onset of new allergen sensitizations.MethodsComputerized bibliographic searches of Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (through June 2015) were supplemented with manual searches of reference lists. Observational studies or randomized controlled trials with a long‐term observation period were included. Paired reviewers extracted data about study characteristics and assessed biases. The end point was the risk difference in the onset of new allergen sensitizations between patients treated with AIT and pharmacotherapy. The strength of the evidence was graded based on the risk of bias, consistency, and magnitude of effect, according to the GRADE Working Group's guide.ResultsEighteen studies (1049 children, 10 057 adults) met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was high in all but one study. Low evidence supports the position that AIT prevents the onset of new allergen sensitizations, with 10 of 18 studies reporting a reduction in the onset of new sensitizations in patients treated with AIT vs placebo. Small studies and studies with a shorter follow‐up showed the highest benefit of AIT.ConclusionsThe overall evidence provides a low‐grade level of the evidence supporting the efficacy of AIT in preventing the onset of new allergen sensitizations, but high‐quality studies could change this estimate.
PLGA–PTMC–Cultured Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell Scaffold Enhances Cartilage Regeneration in Tissue‐Engineered Tracheal Transplantation
Authors: Yan Bingyang , Zhang Zhipei , Wang Xiaoping , Ni Yunfeng , Liu Yongshi , Liu Tao , Wang Wuping , Xing Hao , Sun Ying , Wang Jian , Li Xiao‐Fei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe treatment of long‐segment tracheal defect requires the transplantation of effective tracheal substitute, and the tissue‐engineered trachea (TET) has been proposed as an ideal tracheal substitute. The major cause of the failure of segmental tracheal defect reconstruction by TET is airway collapse caused by the chondromalacia of TET cartilage. The key to maintain the TET structure is the regeneration of chondrocytes in cartilage, which can secrete plenty of cartilage matrices. To address the problem of the chondromalacia of TET cartilage, this study proposed an improved strategy. We designed a new cell sheet scaffold using the poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) to make a porous membrane for seeding cells, and used the PLGA–PTMC cell‐scaffold to pack the decellularized allogeneic trachea to construct a new type of TET. The TET was then implanted in the subcutaneous tissue for vascularization for 2 weeks. Orthotopic transplantation was then performed after implantation. The efficiency of the TET we designed was analyzed by histological examination and biomechanical analyses 4 weeks after surgery. Four weeks after surgery, both the number of chondrocytes and the amount of cartilage matrix were significantly higher than those contained in the traditional stem‐cell–based TET. Besides, the coefficient of stiffness of TET was significantly larger than the traditional TET. This study provided a promising approach for the long‐term functional reconstruction of long‐segment tracheal defect, and the TET we designed had potential application prospects in the field of TET reconstruction.
Experimental Approach to Visualize Flow in a Stacked Hollow Fiber Bundle of an Artificial Lung With Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Kaesler Andreas , Schlanstein Peter C. , Hesselmann Felix , Büsen Martin , Klaas Michael , Roggenkamp Dorothee , Schmitz‐Rode Thomas , Steinseifer Ulrich , Arens Jutta 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFlow distribution is key in artificial lungs, as it directly influences gas exchange performance as well as clot forming and blood damaging potential. The current state of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in artificial lungs can only give insight on a macroscopic level due to model simplification applied to the fiber bundle. Based on our recent work on wound fiber bundles, we applied particle image velocimetry (PIV) to the model of an artificial lung prototype intended for neonatal use to visualize flow distribution in a stacked fiber bundle configuration to (i) evaluate the feasibility of PIV for artificial lungs, (ii) validate CFD in the fiber bundle of artificial lungs, and (iii) give a suggestion how to incorporate microscopic aspects into mainly macroscopic CFD studies. To this end, we built a fully transparent model of an artificial lung prototype. To increase spatial resolution, we scaled up the model by a factor of 5.8 compared with the original size. Similitude theory was applied to ensure comparability of the flow distribution between the device of original size and the scaled‐up model. We focused our flow investigation on an area (20 × 70 × 43 mm) in a corner of the model with a Stereo‐PIV setup. PIV data was compared to CFD data of the original sized artificial lung. From experimental PIV data, we were able to show local flow acceleration and declaration in the fiber bundle and meandering flow around individual fibers, which is not possible using state‐of‐the‐art macroscopic CFD simulations. Our findings are applicable to clinically used artificial lungs with a similar stacked fiber arrangement (e.g., Novalung iLa and Maquet QUADROX‐I). With respect to some limitations, we found PIV to be a feasible experimental flow visualization technique to investigate blood‐sided flow in the stacked fiber arrangement of artificial lungs.
Stresses and Strains Analysis Using Different Palatal Expander Appliances in Upper Jaw and Midpalatal Suture
Authors: Carvalho Trojan Larissa , Andrés González‐Torres Libardo , Claudia Moreira Melo Ana , Barbosa de Las Casas Estevam 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRapid maxillary expansion (RME) is the technique of increasing the transverse dimension of the upper jaw using lateral forces applied by palatal expander. Usually, this palatal appliance is anchored on posterior teeth. The purposes of this computer simulation study were to analyze the stress and strain distribution generated in the maxilla, mainly in midpalatal suture (MPS), during RME by tooth‐borne and bone‐borne expanders and to study the correlation between mechanical strain and Wolff's Law. The analysis was performed with finite element models developed based on Cone Beam computed tomography (CT). To simulate the expansion load, displacements were applied concerning one (0.125 mm) and three (0.375 mm) activations in the medial sides of the tooth‐borne expander, and one activation (0.125 mm) for miniscrews (MSIs) in transverse and lateral direction. It was observed that to obtain approximately the same spacing in the MPS activating once the expander with bone support, three activations for the tooth‐borne were necessary. However, the strain level caused by bone‐borne expansion, when applying a single activation, reached 900 and 5000 μɛ, with peaks up to 20 000 μɛ, in a region very close to the MSIs. Comparing the results, bone‐borne appliance anchorage in the palatine bone is more effective than tooth‐borne expander. Nevertheless, the stresses and strains increased significantly in the entire jaw when the bone‐borne expander is used.
Hemodiafiltration—A Technique for Physiological Correction of Priming Solution in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Garg Pankaj , Bishnoi Arvind Kumar , Patel Kartik , Wadhawa Vivek , Surti Jigar , Solanki Atul , Shah Komal , Patel Sanjay 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPediatric cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit invariably requires priming with packed red blood cells (PRBCs). Metabolic composition of stored PRBCs is unphysiological and becomes worse with increasing duration of storage. It is recommended to correct these abnormalities before initiation of CPB. We tested the hypothesis that hemodiafiltration of the prime with 0.45% saline is sufficient for reducing the metabolic load and reaching a physiologic state. In an in vitro study, 100 mL of blood each from 45 units of PRBCs stored for 3–20 days were used for priming the 45 neonatal CPB circuits. Based upon the method used for removal of excess crystalloid from the prime, circuits were divided into three groups. Group 1: Direct removal through manifold line. Group 2: Ultrafiltration of prime. Group 3: Hemodiafiltration of the prime. Blood gas analyses were obtained from the PRBCs and from the prime before and after removal of crystalloid. Both direct removal of crystalloid and ultrafiltration resulted in significant reduction in biochemical and metabolic load of blood (P < 0.001). However, the final composition of the prime was far from being physiological. Hemodiafiltration resulted in improvement of metabolic parameters to near physiological range (lactate: 33.8 ± 4.44 vs. 14 ± 2.53 mg/dL, pH: 7.05 ± 0.15 vs. 7.34 ± 0.06, bicarbonates: 4.83 ± 0.59 vs. 27.6 ± 2.94 meq/L; P < 0.001). Similarly, sodium (147.76 ± 12.73 vs. 144.6 ± 5.96 meq/L) and potassium (9.6 ± 2.83 vs. 4.23 ± 0.37 meq/L) also changed significantly (P < 0.001) to near physiologic range. Hemodiafiltraion of final prime is a simple, efficients and rapid method of correcting the biochemical parameters and reducing the metabolic load of stored PRBCs towards the physiological range before initiating the CPB.
Castration‐induced changes in the expression profiles and promoter methylation of the GHR gene in Huainan male pigs
Authors: Wang Jing , Chen Junfeng , Zhang Jiaqing , Gao Binwen , Bai Xianxiao , Lan Yali , Lin Ping , Guo Hongxia , Gao Yuan , Xing Baosong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCastration plays a regulatory role in growth and carcass traits, particularly in fat deposition, but its molecular mechanisms are still not clear. The present study showed that castration significantly reduced the serum growth hormone and the responses of the growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐I), IGF‐IR and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) to castration were similar in different adipose tissues. However, the GHR expression trends were opposite between the liver and the adipose tissues; bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) showed that its methylation in these two tissues was different. In particular, the GHR methylation rate in the liver of castrated and intact pigs were 93.33% and 0, respectively, which was consistent with its higher expression level in the intact group. It was predicted that there were potential binding sites for 11 transcription factors in the ninth CpG site (which was methylated and demethylated in subcutaneous adipose tissue of the intact and castrated groups, respectively), including androgen receptor (AR), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein‐α (C/EBPα) and C/EBPβ, all of which are important factors in lipid metabolism. These results indicate that DNA methylation may participate in castration‐induced fat deposition.
Forage intake and weight gain of ewes is affected by roughage mixes during winter in northeastern China
Authors: Yang Zhiming , Wang Yunbo , Yuan Xia , Wang Ling , Wang Deli 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe studied the effect of dietary roughage species and their combinations on forage intake and growth rate of ewes during winter in a pastoral‐farming area of northeast China. Twenty‐five Northeast crossbred ewes (fine‐wool sheep × Small‐tailed Han sheep) were randomly selected and divided into five groups (G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5). During a 30 day feeding trial, each group of ewes were offered the same basal diet (composed of 0.36 kg chopped maize stalk (10 mm), 0.14 kg corn meal, 0.05 kg soybean meal and 1.2 g NaCl) and one of the five supplementary roughage mixes, namely 100% Leymus chinensis hay (G1), 100% Vigna radiata stalk (G2), L. chinensis hay plus Suaeda glauca (G3), V. radiata stalk plus S. glauca (G4) and L. chinensis hay plus V. radiata stalk and S. glauca (G5). The results showed that roughage mixes had significant influences on daily roughage intake and daily weight gain of ewes. Ewes had greater daily roughage intake when supplemented with three species of roughage compared to the roughage with one species; however, there was no significant difference between G1 and G2, G3 and G4, or between G4 and G5. The average daily gain of ewes was also greater when they were supplemented with the roughage combination of L. chinensis, V. radiata stalk and S. glauca. No difference in average daily weight gain was observed between the G4 and G5 treatments (P > 0.05). The lowest average daily weight gain was observed when the ewes were supplemented with V. radiata stalk alone (G2) (P < 0.05). The results indicated that supplying ewes with various roughages simultaneously in winter could improve their forage intake and average daily weight gain compared to offering the ewes only one type of dietary roughage. Further, feeding roughage supplements containing a diverse mix of roughage species represents one method for increasing roughage utilization in livestock production during winter in the pastoral‐farming areas of northeastern China.
Genotype distribution and allele frequencies of the genes associated with body composition and locomotion traits in Myanmar native horses
Authors: Okuda Yu , Moe Hla Hla , Moe Kyaw Kyaw , Shimizu Yuki , Nishioka Kenji , Shimogiri Takeshi , Mannen Hideyuki , Kanemaki Misao , Kunieda Tetsuo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMyanmar native horses are small horses used mainly for drafting carts or carriages in rural areas and packing loads in mountainy areas. In the present study, we investigated genotype distributions and allele frequencies of the LCORL/NCAPG, MSTN and DMRT3 genes, which are associated with body composition and locomotion traits of horses, in seven local populations of Myanmar native horses. The genotyping result of LCORL/NCAPG showed that allele frequencies of C allele associated with higher withers height ranged from 0.08 to 0.27, and 0.13 in average. For MSTN, allele frequencies of C allele associated with higher proportion of Type 2B muscular fiber ranged from 0.05 to 0.23, and 0.09 in average. For DMRT3, allele frequencies of A allele associated with ambling gait ranged from 0 to 0.04, and 0.01 in average. The presences of the minor alleles of these genes at low frequencies suggest a possibility that these horse populations have not been under strong selection pressure for particular locomotion traits and body composition. Our findings of the presence of these minor alleles in Southeast Asian native horses are also informative for considering the origins of these minor alleles associated with body composition and locomotion traits in horse populations.
Application of single‐step genomic best linear unbiased prediction with a multiple‐lactation random regression test‐day model for Japanese Holsteins
Authors: Baba Toshimi , Gotoh Yusaku , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Nakagawa Satoshi , Abe Hayato , Masuda Yutaka , Kawahara Takayoshi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate a validation reliability of single‐step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) with a multiple‐lactation random regression test‐day model and investigate an effect of adding genotyped cows on the reliability. Two data sets for test‐day records from the first three lactations were used: full data from February 1975 to December 2015 (60 850 534 records from 2 853 810 cows) and reduced data cut off in 2011 (53 091 066 records from 2 502 307 cows). We used marker genotypes of 4480 bulls and 608 cows. Genomic enhanced breeding values (GEBV) of 305‐day milk yield in all the lactations were estimated for at least 535 young bulls using two marker data sets: bull genotypes only and both bulls and cows genotypes. The realized reliability (R2) from linear regression analysis was used as an indicator of validation reliability. Using only genotyped bulls, R2 was ranged from 0.41 to 0.46 and it was always higher than parent averages. The very similar R2 were observed when genotyped cows were added. An application of ssGBLUP to a multiple‐lactation random regression model is feasible and adding a limited number of genotyped cows has no significant effect on reliability of GEBV for genotyped bulls.
Toddlers Help a Peer
Authors: Hepach Robert , Kante Nadine , Tomasello Michael 
Published: December 2016

Toddlers are remarkably prosocial toward adults, yet little is known about their helping behavior toward peers. In the present study with 18‐ and 30‐month‐old toddlers (n = 192, 48 dyads per age group), one child needed help reaching an object to continue a task that was engaging for both children. The object was within reach of the second child who helped significantly more often compared to a no‐need control condition. The helper also fulfilled the peer's need when the task was engaging only for the child needing help. These findings suggest that toddlers’ skills and motivations of helping do not depend on having a competent and helpful recipient, such as an adult, but rather they are much more flexible and general.