bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lysosome biogenesis regulated by the amino-acid transporter SLC15A4 is critical for functional integrity of mast cells
Authors: Kobayashi Toshihiko , Tsutsui Hidemitsu , Shimabukuro-Demoto Shiho , Yoshida-Sugitani Reiko , Karyu Hitomi , Furuyama-Tanaka Kaori , Ohshima Daisuke , Kato Norihiro , Okamura Tadashi , Toyama-Sorimachi Noriko 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Mast cells possess specialized lysosomes, so-called secretory granules, which play a key role not only in allergic responses but also in various immune disorders. The molecular mechanisms that control secretory-granule formation are not fully understood. Solute carrier family member 15A4 (SLC15A4) is a lysosome-resident amino-acid/oligopeptide transporter that is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic lineage cells. Here, we demonstrated that SLC15A4 is required for mast-cell secretory-granule homeostasis, and limits mast-cell functions and inflammatory responses by controlling the mTORC1–TFEB signaling axis. In mouse Slc15a4−/− mast cells, diminished mTORC1 activity increased the expression and nuclear translocation of TFEB, a transcription factor, which caused secretory granules to degranulate more potently. This alteration of TFEB function in mast cells strongly affected the FcεRI-mediated responses and IL-33-triggered inflammatory responses both in vitro and in vivo. Our results reveal a close relationship between SLC15A4 and secretory-granule biogenesis that is critical for the functional integrity of mast cells.
Transvenous Curative Embolization of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mendes George A C , Kalani M Yashar S , Iosif Christina , Lucena Adson F , Carvalho Rui , Saleme Suzana , Mounayer Charbel 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Curative transvenous embolization is an emerging strategy for treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

OBJECTIVE
To assess contemporary outcomes of transvenous embolization as a stand-alone therapy for cerebral AVMs

METHODS
We prospectively followed 40 patients with 41 AVMs who underwent transvenous endovascular therapy between January 2008 and January 2015. Patient demographics, AVM characteristics, endovascular techniques used, angiographic results, clinical outcomes, and complications were assessed independently.

RESULTS
Thirty-eight of 41 (92.6%) AVMs were anatomically cured. The mean patient age was 37.7 yr (range, 18-69 yr) and 55% were female. Twenty-seven (67.5%) patients presented with hemorrhage. The mean size of the AVM nidus was 2.8 ± 1.2 cm, and low Spetzler-Martin grade AVMs comprised 41.5% of lesions. The majority of patients were treated in 1 session (56%; n = 23). The mean follow-up period was 28.4 (range, 6-106 mo). There was 1 (2.5%) hemorrhagic complication related to microcatheter navigation and 1 (2.5%) venous infarction was observed without clinical consequences. At 6-mo follow-up, 1 (2.5%) patient had significant disability. There were no recurrences during the follow-up period. Overall mortality was 2.5% and procedure-related mortality was 0%.

CONCLUSION
This prospective contemporary series demonstrates a high rate of complete AVM obliteration and excellent functional outcomes in patients with both ruptured and unruptured AVMs treated with transvenous embolization. This approach is promising and warrants further investigation as a treatment for select AVMs
Reaching for Yield in Corporate Bond Mutual Funds
Authors: Choi Jaewon , Kronlund Mathias 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We examine “reaching for yield” in U.S. corporate bond mutual funds. We define reaching for yield as tilting portfolios toward bonds with yields higher than the benchmarks. We find that funds generate higher returns and attract more inflows when they reach for yield, especially in periods of low-interest rates. Returns for high reaching-for-yield funds nevertheless tend to be negative on a risk-adjusted basis. Funds engage in rank-chasing behavior by reaching for yield, although these incentives are moderated by the illiquid nature of corporate bonds. High reaching-for-yield funds hold less cash and less liquid bonds, exacerbating redemption risks.
Received January 17, 2017; editorial decision September 23, 2017 by Editor Wei Jiang. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Brain Age in Early Stages of Bipolar Disorders or Schizophrenia
Authors: Hajek Tomas , Franke Katja , Kolenic Marian , Capkova Jana , Matejka Martin , Propper Lukas , Uher Rudolf , Stopkova Pavla , Novak Tomas , Paus Tomas , Kopecek Miloslav , Spaniel Filip , Alda Martin 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
The greater presence of neurodevelopmental antecedants may differentiate schizophrenia from bipolar disorders (BD). Machine learning/pattern recognition allows us to estimate the biological age of the brain from structural magnetic resonance imaging scans (MRI). The discrepancy between brain and chronological age could contribute to early detection and differentiation of BD and schizophrenia.

Methods
We estimated brain age in 2 studies focusing on early stages of schizophrenia or BD. In the first study, we recruited 43 participants with first episode of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (FES) and 43 controls. In the second study, we included 96 offspring of bipolar parents (48 unaffected, 48 affected) and 60 controls. We used relevance vector regression trained on an independent sample of 504 controls to estimate the brain age of study participants from structural MRI. We calculated the brain-age gap estimate (BrainAGE) score by subtracting the chronological age from the brain age.

Results
Participants with FES had higher BrainAGE scores than controls (F(1, 83) = 8.79, corrected P = .008, Cohen’s d = 0.64). Their brain age was on average 2.64 ± 4.15 years greater than their chronological age (matched t(42) = 4.36, P &lt; .001). In contrast, participants at risk or in the early stages of BD showed comparable BrainAGE scores to controls (F(2,149) = 1.04, corrected P = .70, η2 = 0.01) and comparable brain and chronological age.

Conclusions
Early stages of schizophrenia, but not early stages of BD, were associated with advanced BrainAGE scores. Participants with FES showed neurostructural alterations, which made their brains appear 2.64 years older than their chronological age. BrainAGE scores could aid in early differential diagnosis between BD and schizophrenia.
Collection of nasal secretions and tears and their use in allergology
Authors: Castelli Sveva , Arasi Stefania , Pawankar Ruby , Matricardi Paolo M. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
The identification of immunological markers in nasal secretions and tears is becoming essential in the study of allergic diseases. The collection procedure of nasal and ocular secretions directly influences the results, thus it is of paramount importance to validate and standardize the sampling process.

Recent findings
Current techniques for nasal secretions sampling are mainly based on three principles: collection of spontaneous secretions, nasal washings, and absorption. Collection of spontaneous secretions is appropriate in subjects with nasal hypersecretion, whereas in healthy individuals the collected volume is frequently insufficient. Nasal washings are associated with an unpredictable, high dilution and concentrations of markers often fall below detection limits of immunological assays. Absorption seem to provide the best compromise between sufficient sample amounts and detectability of inflammatory mediators and immunoglobulin E. Tear samples can be obtained by glass capillary tubes, filter paper strips and ophthalmic sponges. Volumes are however small or highly diluted through reflex tearing.

Summary
Secretions reflect the local inflammatory activity and provide valuable information about the immunological reaction to allergens at the target organ. There is increasing evidence of the potential clinical role of their analysis, for diagnosis, and monitoring of allergic rhino-conjunctivitis. Appropriate collection and processing is very important and requires special attention.
Association between allergic and nonallergic rhinitis and obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Zheng Ming , Wang Xiangdong , Zhang Luo 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of reviewAllergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) are common disorders, which have been considered as potential risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This review summarizes the proposed underlying pathophysiological mechanisms to provide a better understanding of the relationship between these conditions.Recent findingsIn adults, allergic rhinitis and NAR may be considered as symptoms potentiating, rather than risk potentiating factors in the pathophysiology of OSA, whereas in children, these are considered to be independent predictors for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and failure of adeno-tonsillectomy, the recommended first-line therapy for children with OSA. Current advances suggest IL-6 may be important in regulating the sleep–wake cycle, and serum soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) levels may reflect the severity of OSA. Elevated Th17/Treg ratio correlates positively with apnea–hypopnea index of OSA patients, and Th17 and Treg imbalances caused by allergic rhinitis and OSA, respectively, may possibly promote each other, leading to further imbalance. Moreover, obesity is a strong risk factor for OSA, and leptin plays an important role in ventilatory function and upper airway obstruction. The variant trigeminocardiac reflex and nasotrigeminal reflex may also be involved in the association between rhinitis and OSA.SummaryAllergic rhinitis/NAR and OSA are closely associated, and each condition can be detrimental to the other. Thus, clinicians should pay attention to the potential presence of allergic rhinitis/NAR in OSA patients and vice versa.
Using Activity Trackers to Quantify Postpartum Ambulation
Authors: Ma Julia , Martin Rachel , Chan Bokman , Gofeld Michael , Geary Michael P. , Laffey John G. , Abdallah Faraj W. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Early postoperative ambulation is associated with enhanced functional recovery, particularly in the postpartum population, but ambulation questionnaires are limited by recall bias. This observational study aims to objectively quantify ambulation after neuraxial anesthesia and analgesia for cesarean delivery and vaginal delivery, respectively, by using activity tracker technology. The hypothesis was that vaginal delivery is associated with greater ambulation during the first 24 h postdelivery, compared to cesarean delivery.

Methods
Parturients having first/second cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia or first/second vaginal delivery under epidural analgesia between July 2015 and December 2016 were recruited. Patients with significant comorbidities or postpartum complications were excluded, and participants received standard multimodal analgesia. Mothers were fitted with wrist-worn activity trackers immediately postdelivery, and the trackers were recollected 24 h later. Rest and dynamic postpartum pain scores at 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h and quality of recovery (QoR-15) at 12 and 24 h were assessed.

Results
The study analyzed 173 patients (cesarean delivery: 76; vaginal delivery: 97). Vaginal delivery was associated with greater postpartum ambulation (44%) compared to cesarean delivery, with means ± SD of 1,205 ± 422 and 835 ± 381 steps, respectively, and mean difference (95% CI) of 370 steps (250, 490; P < 0.0001). Although both groups had similar pain scores and opioid consumption (less than 1.0 mg of morphine), vaginal delivery was associated with superior QoR-15 scores, with 9.2 (0.6, 17.8; P = 0.02) and 8.2 (0.1, 16.3; P = 0.045) differences at 12 and 24 h, respectively.

Conclusions
This study objectively demonstrates that vaginal delivery is associated with greater early ambulation and functional recovery compared to cesarean delivery. It also establishes the feasibility of using activity trackers to evaluate early postoperative ambulation after neuraxial anesthesia and analgesia.
Determinants of Long-Term Neurological Recovery Patterns Relative to Hospital Discharge Among Cardiac Arrest Survivors
Authors: Agarwal Sachin , Presciutti Alex , Roth William , Matthews Elizabeth , Rodriguez Ashley , Roh David J. , Park Soojin , Claassen Jan , Lazar Ronald M. 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
To explore factors associated with neurological recovery at 1 year relative to hospital discharge after cardiac arrest.

Design:
Observational, retrospective review of a prospectively collected cohort.

Setting:
Medical or surgical ICUs in a single tertiary care center.

Patients:
Older than 18 years, resuscitated following either in-hospital or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and considered for targeted temperature management between 2007 and 2013.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Logistic regressions to determine factors associated with a poor recovery pattern after 1 year, defined as persistent Cerebral Performance Category Score 3–4 or any worsening of Cerebral Performance Category Score relative to discharge status. In total, 30% (117/385) of patients survived to hospital discharge; among those discharged with Cerebral Performance Category Score 1, 2, 3, and 4, good recovery pattern was seen in 54.5%, 48.4%, 39.5%, and 0%, respectively. Significant variables showing trends in associations with a poor recovery pattern (62.5%) in a multivariate model were age more than 70 years (odds ratio, 4; 95% CIs, 1.1–15; p = 0.04), Hispanic ethnicity (odds ratio, 4; CI, 1.2–13; p = 0.02), and discharge disposition (home needing out-patient services (odds ratio, 1), home requiring no additional services (odds ratio, 0.15; CI, 0.03–0.8; p = 0.02), acute rehabilitation (odds ratio, 0.23; CI, 0.06–0.9; p = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Patients discharged with mild or moderate cerebral dysfunction sustained their risk of neurological worsening within 1 year of cardiac arrest. Old age, Hispanic ethnicity, and discharge disposition of home with out-patient services may be associated with a poor 1 year neurological recovery pattern after hospital discharge from cardiac arrest.
Targeting the perivascular niche in brain tumors
Authors: Seano Giorgio 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
Brain tumors are composed of primary tumors of the central nervous system, such us glioblastoma (GBM), and secondary metastatic tumors, such as melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma as well as lung and breast cancers. Brain tumors are highly deadly, and unfortunately not many improvements have been achieved to improve the survival of patients with brain tumors. Chemoradiation resistance is one of the most clinically relevant challenges faced in patients with brain tumors. The perivascular niche is one of the most relevant microenvironment hubs in brain tumors. The understanding of the cellular crosstalk established within the brain tumor perivascular niche might provide us with key discoveries of new brain tumor vulnerabilities.

Recent findings
Radio and chemoresistance in GBM and brain metastases is attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs), which intrinsically modulate several pathways that make them resistant to therapy. Growing evidence, however, highlights the perivascular space as a niche for CSC survival, resistance to therapy, progression and dissemination. Here, I review the latest discoveries on the components and features of brain tumor vascular niches and the possible therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting its vulnerabilities, thus preventing GBM and metastasis chemoradiation resistance and recurrence.

Summary
Recent discoveries suggest that targeting the brain perivascular niche has the potential of sensitizing brain tumors to therapies and reducing the occurrence of metastases.
Mycosis Fungoides Manifesting as Giant Cell Lichenoid Dermatitis
Authors: Belousova Irena E. , Khairutdinov Vladislav R. , Bessalova Anna , Kazakov Dmitry V. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract:
Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common form of primary cutaneous lymphoma with a broad clinicopathological spectrum. Unusual histopathologic patterns of MF include lichenoid, interstitial, folliculotropic, spongiotic, granulomatous, and many others. Several cases of unusual lichenoid reaction characterized by a mixed lichenoid inflammatory infiltrate with prominent infiltration of the papillary dermis and epidermis by multinucleated giant cells were described under the name of “giant cell lichenoid dermatitis,” most of them were considered to represent a drug eruption. Herein, we describe a 77-year-old woman with a 5-year history of MF displaying microscopic features of giant cell lichenoid dermatitis. Histology revealed a dense band-like lichenoid epidermotropic infiltrate composed of CD4+ small to medium-sized lymphocytes with cerebriform nuclei with the presence of multinucleated giant cells in the papillary dermis, within the epidermis, and some hair follicles. Monoclonal TCR gene rearrangement was detected using PCR. To the best of our knowledge, this pattern was never described in MF.
Unusual Case of Combined Gliomeningeal Heterotopia on the Nose of an Infant
Authors: Schauer Anna , Harvey Nathan T. , Vijayasekaran Shyan , Wood Benjamin A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract:
Nasal glial heterotopia (“nasal glioma”) and cutaneous heterotopic meningeal nodules (“primary cutaneous meningioma”) are rare congenital lesions characterized by the presence of heterotopic mature cerebral tissues. Nasal glial heterotopia occurs predominantly in the nasal area and typically does not contain meningothelial elements, whereas heterotopic meningeal nodules occur predominantly on the scalp and do not contain glial elements. In this article, we report an unusual case of cutaneous heterotopia on the nose of an infant composed of both glial and meningothelial elements. The glial component was characterized by irregular islands of predominantly astrocytic cells, on a fibrillary background. The meningothelial component was characterized by bland ovoid cells with focal intranuclear inclusions forming whorled arrangements, with associated psammomatous calcification. To our knowledge, this is the first time such a lesion has been documented. It has also provided us with an opportunity to review the literature regarding heterotopic deposits of both glial and meningothelial tissues.
Low bone mineral density in middle-aged women: a red flag for sarcopenia
Authors: Campodónico Italo , Blümel Juan E. , Arteaga Eugenio , Vallejo María S. , Valdivia María I. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Objective:
This study evaluated whether low bone density, a condition related to aging, is associated with low muscle mass, a surrogate for sarcopenia, and whether it could be used as a marker of the condition.

Methods:
We studied 483 women aged 35 to 69 years old who appeared healthy and attended a preventive gynecological examination. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and regional body composition. BMD was assessed using the T-score. Low appendicular lean mass (aLM) adjusted by height (aLM index) was defined according to Baumgartner et al (<5.45 kg/m2). The association of low aLM index with bone mass was evaluated with a binary logistic regression using a cutoff point on the receiver operating characteristic curves for the T-score of −1.5.

Results:
The participants had a mean age of 54.7 ± 9.1 years, body mass index of 24.6 ± 3.6 kg/m2, aLM index of 5.9 ± 0.6 kg/m2 (22.6% showed sarcopenia), abdominal fat percentage of 44.0 ± 9.1%, and T-score of −0.48 ± 0.97. In the logistic regression model, we found that low BMD implied a significant risk for sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] 1.77; 95% CI, 1.02-3.06). In contrast, excess body weight was a protective factor (OR 0.12; 95% CI, 0.06-0.25). Neither age nor abdominal fat percentage, however, influenced the likelihood of sarcopenia in these women.

Conclusions:
A BMD T-score below −1.5 suggests low muscle mass in middle-aged women, which is a central element in the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Early diagnosis provides the opportunity to introduce preventive and therapeutic options.
Age at natural menopause in Koreans: secular trends and influences thereon
Authors: Park Chan Young , Lim Joong-Yeon , Park Hyun-Young 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Objectives:
Age at natural menopause (ANM) has become an important health issue in older women. We explored secular trends in ANM in Korea during the past decade, and defined factors predicting ANM.

Methods:
A total of 12,761 naturally menopausal women were selected from the 2001 to 2014 data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, stages II to VI. The participants were divided into four groups based on 5-year ANM categories: <45, 45 to 49, 50 to 54, and ≥55 years. To identify factors associated with ANM, the regression analysis was used.

Results:
Both the mean (SE) and median (SE) ANM were 49.30 (0.07) years. The cumulative proportion of women experiencing menopause before the age of 40, 45, 50, and 55 years was 3.6%, 11.8%, 46.0%, and 90.3%, respectively. The mean (SE) ANM in women born in 1929 or earlier, and between 1930 to 1934, 1935 to 1939, 1940 to 1944, and 1945 to 1949, was 47.9 (0.3), 48.1 (0.2), 48.8 (0.2), 50.1 (0.2), and 50.5 (0.1) years, respectively (P < 0.001). Residence in a rural area (odds ratio [OR] 1.82), low weight status (OR 1.61), a history of or current smoking, a low educational level, being without a partner, and participating in at least moderate physical activity (OR 1.47, 1.33, 1.32, and 1.26, respectively) were more likely to result in an early ANM. Women with prior childbirth were less likely to experience early menopause (OR 0.34). In contrast, late menopause was associated with obesity and being overweight (OR 1.63 and 1.27).

Conclusions:
We found that the mean ANM exhibited upward secular trends. Socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors were the principal independent factors affecting ANM.
Association of vasomotor symptoms and sleep apnea risk in midlife women
Authors: Gao Catherine C. , Kapoor Ekta , Lipford Melissa C. , Miller Virginia M. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Mara Kristin C. , Faubion Stephanie S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjective:The aim of the study was to determine the association between self-reported vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk.Methods:The STOP-BANG to evaluate OSA and Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) were administered to 2,935 women seen in the Women's Health Clinic at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, between May 2015 and December 2016. Of these, 1,691 women were included in the analysis. Total MRS and VMS ratings were compared using logistic regression, with age, smoking, and body mass index (BMI) included as covariates between women at intermediate/high risk versus low risk for OSA.Results:Total MRS scores were significantly higher in women with intermediate/high-risk OSA scores versus those with low-risk scores [mean (SD): 16.8 (8.0) vs 12.9 (7.0),P < 0.001]. Women at intermediate/high OSA risk were older, had more education, self-reported hypertension, BMI >35 kg/m2, and were less likely to be married or employed. Self-reported severe/very severe VMS were significantly associated with intermediate/high risk versus low risk for OSA (26.6% vs 15.0%;P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, BMI, smoking status, and self-reported hypertension, the odds of having intermediate/high risk for OSA were 1.87 times higher for those with severe/very severe VMS compared with those with none/mild/moderate VMS (95% CI, 1.29-2.71,P < 0.001). This association persisted upon subgroup analysis based on BMI <25 kg/m2(odds ratio 2.15; 95% CI, 1.12-4.16,P= 0.022).Conclusions:Self-reported severe/very severe VMS were associated with intermediate/high risk for OSA in midlife women, even in women with BMI <25 kg/m2. Given the limitations of the STOP-BANG tool, OSA risk may, however, have been overestimated.