bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic report review of Ganser syndrome: 118 years of case studies
Authors: Petrykiv S. , De Jonge L. , Sibma W. , Arts M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionGanser syndrome was first described by a German psychiatrist Ganser in 1898, in a patient who showed a peculiar twilight state. Ganser syndrome is defined as the presence of approximate answers, somatic conversion symptoms, clouding of consciousness, and pseudo-hallucinations. The etiology of this disease remains a subject of debate. While the DSM-IV-TR classifies Ganser syndrome under the heading of dissociative disorder, it is not listed as a diagnosis in the DSM-V.Objectives and aimsThe purpose of this paper is to review available literature on Ganser syndrome, published in Dutch, English, German, and French for examining the etiological debate, in order to gain insight into the etiology of this disorder.MethodsThe study design was a retrospective case series of all published cases since 1898. For this purpose we used the electronic databases PubMed and Embase.ResultsOver a period of 118 years, we found 79 papers, describing 117 case reports on Ganser syndrome. It generally occurs in patients who are exposed to somatic disorders or to psychological stress, however, often in absence of a psychiatric disorder.ConclusionsGanser syndrome remains a controversial disorder in terms of its etiology. Ganser syndrome has been associated with organic disorders, as well as with stressful and intolerable life events. Based on this report, it is noteworthy that this syndrome predominantly occurs in the absence of co-morbid psychiatric disorders and is often associated with stress factors and underlying somatic diseases.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A review about comorbidity between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and huntintong disease and a case report
Authors: Sánchez Blanco L. , Juncal Ruíz M. , Santayana Jenaro G. Pardo de , Goméz Revuelta M. , Landera Rodríguez R. , Porta Olivares O. , Abejas Díez D. , Núñez Morales N.I. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe concept of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as a disorder that affects the basal ganglia arising to the phenomenological similarities found between idiopathic OCD and other conditions associated with basal ganglia disease such as Huntington's disease (HD) and Sydenham's chorea. Huntintong's disease is characterized by cognitive, motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms.AimsA review of articles published from 1989 to 2016 in Pub-Med and UpToDate about relationship between HD and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.MethodsCase report of a 56-year-old male who was admitted at the acute unit of psychiatry with obsessive-compulsive symptoms marked by hypochondriac obsessive thoughts. He also had cleaning rituals in relation with meals and we observed an important functional impairment and depressive mood. No previous history except family chorea without cognitive impairment in study by neurology department.ResultsAffective disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders in HD. Less frequently it can be found other psychiatric symptoms as obsessive-compulsive behaviour with prevalences between 10% to 52%. Psychiatric symptoms do not correlate with duration of disease or presence of dementia or motor symptoms.ConclusionsIt is necessary to complete the study of the patient to provide a more appropriate therapeutic option. The neurological signs of basal ganglia disorder should be evaluated when considering OCD diagnosis, especially in atypical presentation ages. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the pathogenesis, disease progression and future therapeutic options.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Integration of Yoga Theory and Practice into a General Practice of Psychiatry
Authors: Weininger R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionYoga is an ancient system of concepts and practices designed to address problems of the mind and body, codified during the few centuries BCE in India. Yoga has become increasingly popular in the West during the past half century, and its practice in various forms is now widespread. Along with mindfulness-based techniques, yoga is increasingly seen as compatible with Western therapeutic methods of approaching physical and mental illness.ObjectivesTo introduce the audience to the yoga model of the mind, and to show how it is both compatible with and complementary to Western models, including psychoanalytic and cognitive behavioral.AimsWe will explore how this ancient system can be introduced into clinical practice, and in what ways it can accelerate the process of psychotherapy and psychological change.MethodsThis talk will include a review of yoga theory, including the causes of suffering and its resolution. We will explore roadblocks in treatment and how daily practices can accelerate the process of growth and change.ConclusionsYoga can be a very helpful adjunct to a psychiatric practice, in addition to medications and psychotherapy.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
The Study of Relationship Between Personality Traits and Job Satisfaction in Iran Khodro Company Experts in Iran
Authors: Mirabzadeh Ardakani H. , Heidari S. , Sefidgaran B. 
Published: June 2017

Job satisfaction among employees is a crucial issue in an organization and employer plays a vital role to fulfill their needs. Keeping job satisfaction high among workers can be of tremendous benefit to any organization, as happy employees will be more likely to produce work effectively. It has been assumed that personality traits can play an important role in people's dealing with the environmental issues such as work situations. By assuming this effectiveness, the main aim of this essay is to study the relationship between personality traits and job satisfaction. Explaining job satisfaction by using personality traits can enlighten weather job satisfaction depends only on type of organization or on some personality traits. In this regard, present study has investigated the relationship between job satisfaction and personality traits among Iran Khodro Company expert staff. To do so personality characteristics were measured by NEO-PI-R scale and job satisfaction was measured by Job Descriptive Index (JDI scale) that filled by experts of “Iran Khodro” company (111 men and women). Pearson correlation used to analyze the data. Results show that, neuroticism/emotional stability was associated with low job satisfaction (r = −0/713, P < 0/01). Also conscientiousness (r = 0/620) and agreeableness (r = 0/476) was significantly correlated with job satisfaction (P < 0/01). But the relationship between extraversion (r = −0/025) and openness to experience (r = 0/061) with job satisfaction was not significant. In addition, the results of this study emphasis on the effective role of age (r = −0/301) and job background (r = −0/330) on job satisfaction. But relationship between sexuality (r = 0/183) and marriage (r = 0/125) with job satisfaction was not significant.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
CBT Waves Through the Lens of Complex Systems Theory: A Tentative Way Toward Integration and Sustainability
Authors: Cheli S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIn the last 15 years, several new waves have been described within CBT. At the same time, two constraints seem to define the role of psychotherapy: an integrative theoretical trend; an increasing incidence of chronic psychiatric disorders and psychiatric morbidity in chronic conditions.ObjectivesWe discuss the viability of a Complex Systems Theory perspective in fostering the theoretical integration of the new wave of CBT and in promoting the healthcare sustainability in facing with chronicity.AimsThe aims of the present study are to:– frame a few recurrent and relevant theoretical dimensions in psychotherapy;– outline a preliminary cost-effectiveness analysis of a Complex Systems Theory approach to psychiatric chronicity.MethodsWe performed a non-systematic review and a meta-synthesis of selected references (identified through a citation analysis per single reference and per single scholar) of the new wave of CBT. We especially focused on theoretical handbooks, meta-analyses and reviews, clinical trials.ResultsComplex Systems Theory describes an approach to theoretical and operational models based on adaptability, interdependency and self-organization. In defining a few integrative trends in psychotherapy, we highlighted the focus on:– interpretation of events vs. events per se;– processes vs. contents;– transdiagnostic vs. pathologized models.Furthermore, we framed economic, organizational, and educational implications of such an approach in promoting the adaptability of psychotherapy-as-a-system in dealing with the so-called double crisis of welfare state: continuous cutbacks in response to recession; longer-term pressures on health and social care.ConclusionsDespite further studies are needed, we maintain that psychiatry may benefit from a Complex Systems Theory perspective.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Challenging Patient-doctor Interactions in Psychiatry – Difficult Patient Syndrome
Authors: Roque Pereira M. , Fornelos A. , Figueiredo A.R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe factors contributing to a challenging interaction between the roles of patient and physician may come from several sources. Each interrelation has its own modus operandis in which one of the individuals may not condone the persona the other individual is portraying. A mental illness or diagnosis is often stigmatised by the burden of stereotypical bizarre associations. That means the patient is generally not guilty and this is not another label they should carry. Though the mental health professional should be impervious to this, some degree of discomfort may throw some shadow on the clinical mediation of the interview and management of the pathology.ObjectiveTo provide an overview of what is beyond the label “difficult patient” in mental health care.AimsEvaluation of conflicts inside the patient-illness-physician triad.MethodsSearch for articles in Pubmed, Athens, Google Scholar databases, along with the hospital library.ResultsCharacteristics of problematic interactions in psychiatric care were described consistently across our references. Causality for these difficulties is vast and surpasses the patient's behaviour. Plus they are not unique in psychiatry. They can be explained by individual, interpersonal, and social factors.ConclusionSituational issues, along with patient and physician characteristics, modulate and frame what should potentially be a productive encounter. To become aware of what contributes to difficult clinical encounters and to be prepared to address them while cultivating good interpersonal communication skills is fundamental.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Violence and War: A Documental Exploratory Research
Authors: Dos Santos M.A. , Soares Junior R.D.C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIn a globalized world, violence, present in all forms and everywhere, it is a serious public health problem. Violence and war lead to death and leave marks on the bodies and minds, and the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that may develop following exposure to a potential event traumatic.ResultsIn the 3-month period (January 2016 to April 2016), according to typological analysis of the journal cover, the following results were found: the type of prevailing violence was interpersonal, community, committed by a stranger (75%), followed by the violence of the economic type (16.7%), and finally interpersonal violence committed by partner (8.3%). Although not all cases have provided the number of people who perpetrated or suffered violence, most victims of violence were male (8), aged 3 months and 36 years, followed by 2 women, and as a perpetrator of violence the men were in excess (4 men) followed by one woman.DiscussionViolence and war are traumatic stressors and risk factors for PTSD which, in turn, is also a risk factor to perpetrate violence, such as domestic violence. The costs of violence are high and its routinization as a way of life has important effects on the mental health of population.ConsiderationsScientific research, including qualitative studies, on PTSD, violence and war are necessary so that we have a better understanding of the phenomenon as well as to promote the mental health of all through early intervention or even in preventing the onset of this disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical Features of PTSD and Adjustment Disorders in Refugees from the Zone ATO
Authors: Kozhyna H. , Korostiy V. , Mykhaylov V. 
Published: June 2017

AimTo study clinical features of PTSD and adjustment disorders in refugees from the zone ATO.MethodsWe have a complex psychopathological and psychodiagnostic research 156 refugees in volunteer center in Kharkiv.ResultsAmong the IDPs observed, 75.9% have violations of adaptation: long-term depressive reaction and predominant disturbance of other emotions. The men reactive alarm indicators (average – 37.7 ± 3.0), were higher than trait anxiety (average – 32.6 ± 2.9). On the contrary, women figures trait anxiety (average – 38.6 ± 2.9) were higher than reactive anxiety (average – 34.7 ± 3.0). Severity of depressive symptoms also slightly prevailed in women. The mean score on the Hamilton scale for men was 17.0 ± 2.3 points, women – 18.0 ± 2.3 points.Test results on a scale of quality of life showed no significant differences between men and women. We have developed a medical and psychological support system to correct the neurotic disorders in refugees.ConclusionsThe majority of people who left the ATO zone have psycho-emotional disorders of different severity and require a further correction in the specialized medical institutions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prefrontal Cortex Neurochemical Changes in Single Prolonged Stress as a Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 9.4 T
Authors: Lim S.I. , Song K.H. , Yoo C.H. , Woo D.C. , Choe B.Y. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeSingle prolonged stress (SPS) is an animal model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Until now, it has not been known how PTSD develops from the first exposure to traumatic events and neurochemical differences between acute/single stress and PTSD-triggering stress. The object of this study is to determine neurochemical changes in prefrontal cortex of rats using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at 9.4 T.Method and MaterialsMale Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 11; mean body weight: 200–220 g) were used. The SPS was used in this study. Rats were restrained for 2 h and then immediately forced to swim for 20 min in water (20–24 C). After a 15 min recuperation period, rats were exposed to ether until anesthesia occurred. MRS was performed 30 min before SPS, 30 min after the stressors, 3 and 7 days after the stressors to investigate time-dependent changes on metabolites levels in the PFC. Acquisition of MRI/MRS was conducted at four time points using 9.4 T Agilent Scanner. Concentration of metabolites was quantified by LCModel. A one-way ANOVA test with Tukey's HSD post-hoc test was used for statistical analyses.ResultsThe SPS resulted in altered absolute metabolite concentrations for GABA [F(3.0) = 1.450, P = 0.035], glutamate [F(3.0) = 3.417, P = 0.026], glutathione [F(3.0) = 3.759, P = 0.018], NAA [F(3.0) = 3.919, P = 0.015], total choline [F(3.0) = 7.584, P = 0.000], total NAA [F(3.0) = 3.760, P = 0.018], total creatine [F(3.0) = 3.248, P = 0.032] and glutamine/glutamate [F(3.0) = 3.552, P = 0.023] among the four time points.ConclusionPTSD in human is associated with decreased neuronal activity in the PFC. In this study, SPS decreased glutamate (excitatory) and total choline (membrane turnover) on day 7.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Impact on New Onset Stress and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Relatives of Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit Evaluated by Diaries Study
Authors: Sundararajan K. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionICU diary is effective in aiding psychological recovery and reducing the incidence of new onset PTSD in patients three months after ICU discharge. The impact of ICU diaries on PTSD in relatives of critically ill patients in Australia has not been fully elucidated.Aims and objectivesTo determine the impact of ICU diaries on the incidence of PTSD, stress and family satisfaction in the relatives of critically ill patients.MethodsOne hundred and eight consecutive patients, staying > 48 hours in a tertiary ICU were identified. A survey using DASS-21, IES-R, and FS-ICU questionnaires was performed followed by a repeat survey 90 days post discharge from ICU. An IES-R score of > 33 was used to define PTSD. A FS-ICU score < 5 was used to define dissatisfaction.ResultsForty subjects refused to participate, eight were excluded, sixty family members were included for analysis on an intention to treat basis which included 36 completed diaries. Whilst there was no association between PTSD at 3-month follow-up and diary use (P-value = 0.9), there was an association with PTSD at baseline (P-value = 0.02) and unemployment (P-value = 0.0045). Medical patients had mean PTSD score 3.0 units greater than surgical (estimate = 3.0, 95% CI: 0.3, 5.7). Families who were dissatisfied (FS-ICU score of < 5) were not at more at risk of developing PTSD than families who were satisfied (P-value = 0.74).ConclusionICU diaries did not impact on the incidence of stress, family satisfaction with care and PTSD in relatives of patients in this index population.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Adolescent Mental Health Outcomes of Early Adversities: Not a Simple Story
Authors: Oldehinkel A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionLiving creatures are shaped by the their experiences in a constant process of adaptation. These experiences accumulate and so their relative weight diminishes across the lifespan. In children, the relative weight of new experience is high, and children's developing brains are programmed to learn like in no other life phase. Early adversities can thus have a major impact on later mental and physical health outcomes. However, the nature of impact of exposure to adversities early in life on further development is less straightforward than it may seem at first sight.ObjectivesIn this presentation, I will address and illustrate a couple of issues that manifest the complexity of this association.MethodsThe data will come from TRAILS (Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey), a longitudinal study on the development of mental health from preadolescence into young adulthood, with bi- or triennial assessments from age 11 onwards, for a period of over fifteen years.ResultsResults from various analyses indicate that early adversities do not lead to unfavorable outcomes in every person, and that the consequences of early adversities depend on their timing.ConclusionsThe experiences that individuals encounter during development are incorporated in a continuous process of adaptation that shapes them and keeps on doing throughout life. Considering the complexity and individuality of these processes, it is inevitable that research findings are often heterogeneous, and effect sizes small.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Relationship Between Values of the Health Care and Cognitive Beliefs About Body, Illness and Treatment: Is There “Hypochondriac Discourse” in the Society?
Authors: Kovyazina M. , Rasskazova E. , Tkhostov A. , Varako N. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSocial values of health and health care are considered as important factors of health behavior as well as sources of self-regulation in health and illness. However, emphasize on medicine, health and body that is widespread in mass media nowadays may increase hypochondriac-like beliefs and behavior as well as the risk for unexplained somatic symptoms in some individuals.ObjectivesAnalysis of mass media revealed four models of health care value: health as a depletable resource requiring conservation, health as fragile value requiring protection and control, health as a necessary source of success and happiness, health as requiring periodic restoration by alternative medicine.Aim was to investigate the relationship between these models and beliefs about body, illness and treatment.MethodsOne hundred and thirteen adults without history of mental or severe somatic illnesses filled checklist of values of health care, Cognitive Attitudes about Body And Health Scale (Rief et al., 1998), Compliance-related Self-Efficacy Scale (Tkhostov and Rasskazova, 2012).ResultsThe models of health as a depletable resource and as fragile value are dominated in the sample. Agreement with these models of health care is, on the one hand, related to willingness to seek medical help and follow treatment, but, on the other hand, to an excessive attention to bodily sensations, somatosensory amplification, monitoring and catastrophization about bodily sensations.ConclusionsPossible pathways linking “hypochondriac discourse” in the society in its various forms and cognitive beliefs typical for hypochondria and somatoform disorders will be discussed. Research supported by Russian Foundation for fundamental research, project 17-06-00849.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Assessment the Probability of Formation Burnout Syndrome Among Health Care Workers
Authors: Kuzmina S. , Yakhin K. , Berkheeva Z. 
Published: June 2017

AimStudy of psychosocial risk factors in the formation of burnout syndrome.Material and methodBased on a questionnaire developed by WHO experts for the European model of “health management, environment and security in the workplace”, conducted surveys 246 health care workers. Individual attention was paid to health, physical activity and nutrition.ResultsSurvey conducted of the medical personnel showed high prevalence among them psychophysical, social and psychological, behavioral symptoms that allows to think of high probability of formation of a syndrome of professional burning out. Part of medical workers who have one complaint in each group of symptoms (psychophysiological, sociological-psychological, behavioral) – 18,7%. Part of HCW with two and more complaints in each group – 39% (Table 1). Prevalence of psychophysiological, sociological and psychological, behavioral symptoms among health care emergency workers is different (Table 2).Table 1City n = 78 (%)Countryside n = 168 (%)Chi2PTotal n = 246Complaint in each group of symptoms16 (20.5)30 (17.9)0.010.96336 (18.7)Two complaints in each group of symptoms32 (41.0)64 (38.1)0.010.98296 (39.0)Three complaints in each group of symptoms18 (23.1)26 (15.5)0.40.54944 (17.9)Table 2City n = 70 (%)Countryside n = 150 (%)Chi2PTotal n = 220Two and more of psychophysiological spts26 (37.1)12 (8)7.80.00538 (17.3)Two and more of sociological and psychological spts8 (11.4)24 (16)0.10.79332 (14.5)Two and more of behavioral spts10 (14.3)10 (6.7)0.70.41420 (9.1)Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.