bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New species of the side necked turtle Bothremys (Pleurodira: Podocnemidoidea: Bothremydidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco
Authors: Yoshida Masataka , Hirayama Ren 
Published: January 2018

Background. Moroccan phosphates bed includes fossils of Sauropterygia, Testudines and mosasaurs from the latest Cretaceous (Maastrichitian) to Eocene. Family Bothremydidae (Podocnemidoidea), an extinct side-necked turtle group, has broad diversity in cranial morphology as shown by the genus Bothremys (Bothremydini). This genus is known from the Cretaceous and Paleogene of North America, Europe, Africa and middle east Asia, uniquely characterized by a pair of pits on the triturating surface of upper and lower jaws. Hitherto, four species have been recognized in Bothremys; B. cooki, B. kellyi, B. maghrebiana, and B. arabicus. Compared to the diversity of cranial morphology, little difference is known in the shell morphology in bothremydids. Also little is known about the limb morphology of bothremydini turtles, because of poor association of skull and postcranial skeleton. A new excellently preserved specimen of Bothremys is reported from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco.
Methods. The WSILS-RHg519 specimen stored in Waseda University is a large bothremydid skull associated with lower jaw and several postcranial elements including left humerus and peripherals.
Results. The pair of pits on the triturating surfaces of upper and lower jaws in WSILSRHg519 specimen is a distinct autoapomorphic characters of the genus Bothremys. With the skull width 171mm, B. arabicus from the Santonian age of Jordan had been the largest species of genus Bothremys. The WSILS-RHg519 reaches the skull width 220mm and would be the largest member of Bothremys. Also, comparing the bone composition of the ventral surface of skull of the WSILS-RHg519 specimen to all other known Bothremys, the palatine-pterygoid contacts and pterygoid-pterygoid contact are quite unique. The left humerus is associated with the skull, partly damaged. The distal end of humerus is wide and the shaft is nearly straight, showing the first morphological evidence of aquatic/marine adaptation different from that of Chedighaii, the sister taxon of Bothremys.
Discussion. The marine habitat of bothremydid turtles had been roughly discussed on the basis of the association of shallow marine animals such as shark teeth. Morphological evidence has not suggested yet partly because of the difficulty of bothremydid taxonomy which is just based on the cranial morphology. The WSILS-RHg519 specimen will hopefully shed light on the mysterious habitats of bothremydid turtles.
Flexible Modulation of CO‐Release Using Various Nuclearity of Metal Carbonyl Clusters on Graphene Oxide for Stroke Remediation
Authors: Tan Mein Jin , Pan Han‐Chi , Tan Hui Ru , Chai Jian Wei , Lim Qi Feng , Wong Ten It , Zhou Xiaodong , Hong Zi‐Yao , Liao Lun‐De , Kong Kien Voon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUtilizing the size‐dependent adsorption properties of ruthenium carbonyl clusters (Ru–carbon monoxide (CO)) onto graphene oxide (GO), a facile CO‐release platform for in situ vasodilation as a treatment for stroke‐related vascular diseases is developed. The rate and amount of formation of the CO‐release‐active RuII(CO)2 species can be modulated by a simple mixing procedure at room temperature. The subsequent thermally induced oxidation of RuII(CO)2 to RuO2 on the GO surface results in the release of CO. Further modulation of thermal and CO‐release properties can be achieved via a hybridization of medium‐ and high‐nuclearity of Ru–CO clusters that produces a RuO2/RuII(CO)2/6Ru–CO–GO composite, where 6Ru–CO–GO provides a photothermally activated reservoir of RuII(CO)2 species and the combined infrared absorption properties of GO and RuO2 provides photothermal response for in situ CO‐release. The RuO2/RuII(CO)2/6Ru–CO–GO composite does not produce any cytotoxicity and the efficacy of the composite is further demonstrated in a cortical photothrombotic ischemia rat model.
Self‐Healing Inside APbBr3 Halide Perovskite Crystals
Authors: Ceratti Davide Raffaele , Rakita Yevgeny , Cremonesi Llorenç , Tenne Ron , Kalchenko Vyacheslav , Elbaum Michael , Oron Dan , Potenza Marco Alberto Carlo , Hodes Gary , Cahen David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSelf‐healing, where a modification in some parameter is reversed with time without any external intervention, is one of the particularly interesting properties of halide perovskites. While there are a number of studies showing such self‐healing in perovskites, they all are carried out on thin films, where the interface between the perovskite and another phase (including the ambient) is often a dominating and interfering factor in the process. Here, self‐healing in perovskite (methylammonium, formamidinium, and cesium lead bromide (MAPbBr3, FAPbBr3, and CsPbBr3)) single crystals is reported, using two‐photon microscopy to create damage (photobleaching) ≈110 µm inside the crystals and to monitor the recovery of photoluminescence after the damage. Self‐healing occurs in all three perovskites with FAPbBr3 the fastest (≈1 h) and CsPbBr3 the slowest (tens of hours) to recover. This behavior, different from surface‐dominated stability trends, is typical of the bulk and is strongly dependent on the localization of degradation products not far from the site of the damage. The mechanism of self‐healing is discussed with the possible participation of polybromide species. It provides a closed chemical cycle and does not necessarily involve defect or ion migration phenomena that are often proposed to explain reversible phenomena in halide perovskites.
The Synergistic Effect of Cation and Anion of an Ionic Liquid Additive for Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Yoo Dong‐Joo , Kim Ki Jae , Choi Jang Wook 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLithium metal anodes are steadily gaining more attention, as their superior specific capacities and low redox voltage can significantly increase the energy density of rechargeable batteries far beyond those of current Li‐ion batteries. Nonetheless, the relevant technology is still in a premature research stage mainly due to the uncontrolled growth of Li dendrites that ceaselessly cause unwanted side reactions with electrolyte. In order to circumvent this shortcoming, herein, an ionic liquid additive, namely, 1‐dodecyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium (Pyr1(12)+) bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI−), for conventional electrolyte solutions is reported. The Pyr1(12)+ cation with a long aliphatic chain mitigates dendrite growth via the combined effects of electrostatic shielding and lithiophobicity, whereas the FSI− anion can induce the formation of rigid solid–electrolyte interphase layers. The synergy between the cation and anion significantly improves cycling performance in asymmetric and symmetric control cells and a full cell paired with an LiFePO4 cathode. The present study provides a useful insight into the molecular engineering of electrolyte components by manipulating the charge and structures of the involved molecules.
Sustained release of dexamethasone from drug‐loadingPLGAscaffolds with specific pore structure fabricated by supercritical CO2foaming
Authors: Xin Xin , Guan Yi‐Xin , Yao Shan‐Jing 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTInducing differentiation of bone marrow stem cells to generate new bone tissue is highly desirable by controlling the release of some osteoinductive or osteoconductive factors from porous scaffolds. In this study, dexamethasone was selected as a representative of small molecule drugs and dexamethasone‐loading porous poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) scaffolds were successfully fabricated by supercritical CO2foaming. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that scaffolds had rough and relatively interconnected pores facilitating cells adhesion and growth. Specially, dexamethasone which was incorporated into PLGA matrix in a molecularly dispersed state could serve as a nucleation agent to be helpful for the formation of interconnected pores. Dexamethasone‐loading porous PLGA scaffolds exhibited sustained release profile, and the delivery of dexamethasone from porous scaffolds could last for up to 2 months. The cumulative released amount of dexamethasone was relevant with drug loading capacity (1.66%–2.95%) and pore structure of scaffolds; while the release behavior was anomalous (non‐Fickian) transport by fitting with the simple exponential equation, which had a diffusional exponentnhigher than 0.5. It is feasible to fabricate drug‐loading porous scaffolds by supercritical CO2foaming with specific pore structure and sustained release profile, which can be well applied in bone tissue engineering. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46207.
From the Tower shootings in 1966 to Campus Carry in 2016: Collective trauma at the University of Texas at Austin
Authors: Ponder JoAnn 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe first mass school shooting in the modern history of the United States occurred at the University of Texas at Austin on August 1, 1966. A 25‐year‐old student, Charles Whitman, went on a rampage that ultimately left 16 dead and 31 injured. With no prior models for how to respond, public discourse about the tragedy was squelched. Fifty years lapsed before a proper permanent memorial was dedicated – the same day that the Campus Carry gun law went into effect. This article explores the tragedy and its aftermath through the lens of history, rhetoric, sociology, and psychoanalysis. The silence and disavowal after the killings, the perception that Austin lost its innocence, feelings of helplessness and shame, more permissive gun laws, and even the counter‐culture's glorification of Whitman were symptomatic of collective trauma. In the years since the massacre, we learned that collective trauma requires witnessing, discourse, and memorialization for healing to occur.
Economic Optimization and Control Based on Multi Priority Rank RTO and Double Layered MPC
Authors: Pan Hong‐Guang , Zhong Weimin , Wang Zai‐Ying 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA prevailing hierarchical structure in industrial process optimization and control includes three levels, i.e., a real time optimization (RTO) level, a double layered model predictive control (MPC) level (which is composed of a steady‐state target calculation (SSTC) layer and a dynamic control layer), and a distributed control level. In this paper, a multi priority rank RTO algorithm, in which a new variable is introduced to uniformly express the set points, is presented to get optimal set points according to their importance levels. In order to guarantee the feasibility of the dynamic control layer during tracking the steady‐state targets calculated in SSTC layer, the region of attraction is added into the SSTC layer as additional constraints, hence, the steady‐state targets can be calculated online and transmitted to the dynamic control layer at each instant to guide the state to achieve the steady‐state state gradually. The effect of the above methods are illustrated through an example.
Einaxialer Zugversuch für Carbonbeton mit textiler Bewehrung
Authors: Schütze Elisabeth , Bielak Jan , Scheerer Silke , Hegger Josef , Curbach Manfred 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDer zunehmende Einsatz von Carbonbeton macht die Kenntnis der entsprechenden Materialkennwerte, v. a. das Verhalten unter Zugbeanspruchung, grundsätzlich erforderlich. Da bislang nur für wenige Bewehrungsmaterialien konkrete Bemessungskennwerte vorliegen, ist man häufig auf deren experimentelle Ermittlung angewiesen. Im Zuge der Weiterentwicklung der Materialien wurden in den vergangenen Jahren auch die Prüfmethoden wiederholt modifiziert. Die in einem gemeinsamen Forschungsprojekt von TU Dresden, RWTH Aachen und MFPA Leipzig erarbeitete Prüfempfehlung zur Bestimmung der Materialkennwerte bei Zugbeanspruchung von Textilbeton wird hier vorgestellt. Ergänzt sind praktische Empfehlungen zu Versuchsdurchführung und Vermeidung typischer Fehler sowie Hinweise zur Interpretation der Ergebnisse.
An intelligent, adaptive, performance‐sensitive, and virtual reality‐based gaming platform for the upper limb
Authors: Dhiman Ashish , Solanki Dhaval , Bhasin Ashu , Das Abhijit , Lahiri Uttama 
Published: January 2018

AbstractStroke is a leading cause of adult disability, characterized by a spectrum of muscle weakness and movement abnormalities related to the upper limb. About 80% of individuals who had a stroke suffer from upper limb dysfunction. Conventional rehabilitation aims to improve one's ability to use paralyzed limbs through repetitive exercise under one‐on‐one supervision by physiotherapists. This poses difficulty given the limited availability of healthcare resources and the high cost of availing specialized services at healthcare centers, particularly in developing countries like India. Thus, the design of cost‐effective, home‐based, and technology‐assisted individualized rehabilitation platform that can deliver real‐time feedback on one's skill progress is critical. This paper describes the design of a novel, multimodal, virtual reality (VR)‐based, and performance‐sensitive exercise platform that can intelligently adapt its task presentation to one's performance. Here, we aim to address unilateral shoulder abduction and adduction that are essential for the performance of daily living activities. We designed an experimental study in which six individuals who had chronic stroke (post‐stroke period: >6 months) participated. While they interacted with our VR‐based tasks, we recorded their physiological signals in a synchronized manner. Preliminary results indicate the potential of our VR‐based, adaptive individualized system in the performance of individuals who had a stroke suffering from upper limb movement disorders.
Firm Environmental Performance under Scrutiny: The Role of Strategic and Organizational Orientations
Authors: Ardito Lorenzo , Dangelico Rosa Maria 
Published: January 2018

AbstractReducing firm environmental burden is not easy. Thus, several studies have investigated the antecedents of good firm environmental performance; however, they provide contrasting results, focus on specific categories of antecedents, and often rely on subjective performance measures. This study overcomes these gaps by jointly considering the effects of different firm strategic and organizational orientations on several dimensions of environmental performance, objectively measured. Through the analysis of 269 large global companies included in the Newsweek Green Ranking 2014, we found that: both market and environmental management orientations have a positive effect on carbon, energy, and water productivity; green supply chain management orientation has a positive influence on waste and water productivity; and technology orientation negatively affects carbon and waste productivity. Based on these findings, we advise managers that strategic and organizational orientations do not affect all types of environmental performance in the same way, thus calling for caution when they are designed for environmentally friendly purposes. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Economy of scale: third partner strengthens a keystone ant‐plant mutualism
Authors: Prior Kirsten M. , Palmer Todd M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWhile foundation species can stabilize ecosystems at landscape scales, their ability to persist is often underlain by keystone interactions occurring at smaller scales.Acacia drepanolobiumis a foundation tree, comprising >95% of woody cover in East African black‐cotton savanna ecosystems. Its dominance is underlain by a keystone mutualistic interaction with several symbiotic ant species in which it provides housing (swollen thorns) and carbohydrate‐rich nectar from extra‐floral nectaries (EFN). In return, it gains protection from catastrophic damage from mega‐herbivores.Crematogaster mimosaeis the ecologically dominant symbiotic ant in this system, also providing the highest protection services. In addition to tendingEFN,C. mimosaetend scale insects for carbohydrate‐rich honeydew. We investigated the role of scale insects in this specialized ant‐plant interaction. Specifically, does this putatively redundant third partner strengthen the ant‐plant mutualism by making the ant a better protector of the tree? Or does it weaken the mutualism by being costly to the tree while providing no additional benefit to the ant‐plant mutualism? We coupled observational surveys with two scale‐manipulation experiments and found evidence that this third partner strengthens the ant‐plant mutualism. Trees with scale insects experimentally removed experienced a 2.5X increase in elephant damage compared to trees with scale insects present over 10 months. Reduced protection was driven by scale removal causing a decrease in ant colony size and per capita baseline activity and defensive behavior. We also found that ants increased scale‐tending and the density of scale insects on trees whenEFNwere experimentally reduced. Thus, in this system, scale insects andEFNare likely complementary, rather than redundant, resources with scale insects benefitting ants whenEFNproduction is low (such as during annual dry periods in this semi‐arid ecosystem). This study reveals that a third‐partner strengthens an ant‐plant mutualism that serves to stabilize a whole ecosystem.
Potassium and the use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: data from BIOSTAT‐CHF
Authors: Beusekamp Joost C. , Tromp Jasper , van der Wal Haye H. , Anker Stefan D. , Cleland John G. , Dickstein Kenneth , Filippatos Gerasimos , van der Harst Pim , Hillege Hans L. , Lang Chim C. , Metra Marco , Ng Leong L. , Ponikowski Piotr , Samani Nilesh J. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Rossignol Patrick , Zannad Faiez , Voors Adriaan A. , van der Meer Peter 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundHyperkalaemia is a common co‐morbidity in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Whether it affects the use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors and thereby negatively impacts outcome is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the association between potassium and uptitration of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and its association with outcome.Methods and resultsOut of 2516 patients from the BIOSTAT‐CHF study, potassium levels were available in 1666 patients with HFrEF. These patients were sub‐optimally treated with ACEi/ARB or beta‐blockers and were anticipated and encouraged to be uptitrated. Potassium levels were available at inclusion and at 9 months. Outcome was a composite of all‐cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization at 2 years. Patients' mean age was 67 ± 12 years and 77% were male. At baseline, median serum potassium was 4.3 (interquartile range 3.9–4.6) mEq/L. After 9 months, 401 (24.1%) patients were successfully uptitrated with ACEi/ARB. During this period, mean serum potassium increased by 0.16 ± 0.66 mEq/L (P < 0.001). Baseline potassium was an independent predictor of lower ACEi/ARB dosage achieved [odds ratio 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51–0.98]. An increase in potassium was not associated with adverse outcomes (hazard ratio 1.15; 95% CI 0.86–1.53). No interaction on outcome was found between baseline potassium, potassium increase during uptitration, or potassium at 9 months and increased dosage of ACEi/ARB (Pinteraction > 0.5 for all).ConclusionHigher potassium levels are an independent predictor of enduring lower dosages of ACEi/ARB. Higher potassium levels do not attenuate the beneficial effects of ACEi/ARB uptitration.
Synthesis and crystal structures of novel (4‐phenylthiazol‐2(3H)‐ylidene) benzamide and ((benzoylimino)‐3‐(9,10‐dioxo‐9,10‐dihydroanthracen‐1‐yl)‐4‐oxothiazolidin‐5‐ylidene)acetate derivatives
Authors: Hossaini Mahshid , Heydari Reza , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Kolahdoozan Majid , Graiff Claudia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA new approach to the synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds with benzoylisothiocyanate, amines, and 2‐bromoacetophenone (phenacyl bromide) fragments in one molecule has been developed. The synthesis method comprises condensation reaction for the preparation of novel (4‐phenylthiazol‐2(3H)‐ylidene) benzamide derivatives. These new compounds were synthesized via one‐pot and multicomponent reaction of 2‐furanmethylamine, 5‐chloro‐2‐phenoxyaniline, and 1‐naphthylamine with phenacyl bromide and substituted benzoylisothiocyanates. Moreover, new series of anthraquinone‐thiazole hybrids have been synthesized. These compounds were prepared from unsymmetrical thiourea containing anthraquinone and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate. The nature of the compounds was confirmed by IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, mass spectrometry, and CHNS elemental analysis. The structural elucidation was accomplished by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods.
Is this health campaign really social marketing? A checklist to help you decide
Authors: Chau Josephine Y. , McGill Bronwyn , Thomas Margaret M. , Carroll Tom E. , Bellew William , Bauman Adrian , Grunseit Anne C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIssue addressedSocial marketing (SM) campaigns can be a powerful disease prevention and health promotion strategy but health‐related campaigns may simply focus on the “promotions” communication activities and exclude other key characteristics of the SM approach. This paper describes the application of a checklist for identifying which lifestyle‐related chronic disease prevention campaigns reported as SM actually represent key SM principles and practice.MethodsA checklist of SM criteria was developed, reviewed and refined by SM and mass media campaign experts. Papers identified in searches for “social marketing” and “mass media” for obesity, diet and physical activity campaigns in the health literature were classified using the checklist.ResultsUsing the checklist, 66.6% of papers identified in the “SM” search and 39% of papers identified from the “mass media” search were classified as SM campaigns. Inter‐rater agreement for classification using the abstract only was 92.1%.ConclusionsHealth‐related campaigns that self‐identify as “social marketing” or “mass media” may not include the key characteristics of a SM approach. Published literature can provide useful guidance for developing and evaluating health‐related SM campaigns, but health promotion professionals need to be able to identify what actually comprises SM in practice.So what?SM could be a valuable strategy in comprehensive health promotion interventions, but it is often difficult for non‐experts to identify published campaigns that represent a true SM approach. This paper describes the application of a checklist to assist policy makers and practitioners in appraising evidence from campaigns reflecting actual SM in practice. The checklist could also guide reporting on SM campaigns.