bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microvascular Compromise Develops Following Nerve Fiber Layer Damage in Normal-Tension Glaucoma Without Choroidal Vasculature Involvement
Authors: Lee Eun Jung , Kim Sibum , Hwang Sungsoon , Han Jong Chul , Kee Changwon 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
To investigate capillary densities in patients with unilateral normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and normal controls using optical coherence tomography-angiography.

Materials and Methods:
We recruited 13 patients with unilateral NTG and 13 healthy controls. Optical coherence tomography-angiography was performed and pure peripapillary retinal capillary density was calculated after manually excluding large vessels and the optic disc. Paired comparison of capillary densities was performed among 3 categories of eye: NTG eye, fellow eye, and normal eye. Through vascular layer stratification we investigated differences in the retinal and choroidal circulation.

Results:
In total, 33 eyes of 11 unilateral NTG patients and 11 controls were analyzed. Capillary densities of NTG eyes were significantly lower than those of fellow eyes or control eyes (both P=0.013). No significant differences were found between fellow eyes and control eyes (P=0.328). Area of capillary compromise was identical to the area of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect in all 11 eyes. In layer analysis, a decrease in capillary plexus was demonstrated only in the inner retina and no definite changes were found in the outer retina and choroid. Optic nerve head microvasculature did not show areas of capillary dropout.

Conclusions:
In patients with unilateral NTG, we could observe significant retinal capillary compromise in the area of RNFL defect. No changes were demonstrated in the choroid and optic disc area. We speculated on a possibility of secondary microvascular changes in the retina to nerve damage from the wedge-shaped but not geographic shaped capillary compromise corresponding to RNFL defect area. Further studies on the optic nerve head microvasculature and blood flow are warranted to assess their relationship to glaucoma pathogenesis.
Development and validation of a short-form Pain Medication Attitudes Questionnaire (PMAQ-14)
Authors: Elander James , Said Omimah , Maratos Frances A. , Dys Ada , Collins Hannah , Schofield Malcolm B. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Attitudes to pain medication are important aspects of adjustment to chronic pain. They are measured by the 47-item Pain Medication Attitudes Questionnaire (PMAQ). To measure those attitudes more quickly and easily, we developed and evaluated a 14-item PMAQ using data from 3 separate surveys of people with pain in the general population. In survey 1, participants (n = 295) completed the 47-item PMAQ and measures of pain, analgesic use, analgesic dependence, and attitudes to self-medication. For each of the 7 PMAQ scales, the 2 items that best preserved the content of the full parent scales were identified using correlation and regression. The 2-item and full parent scales had very similar relationships with other measures, indicating that validity had been maintained. The resulting 14-item PMAQ was then completed by participants in survey 2 (n = 241) and survey 3 (n = 147), along with the same other measures as in survey 1. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 14-item PMAQ retained the 7-factor structure of the 47-item version, and correlations with other measures showed that it retained the validity of the 47-item version. The PMAQ scale Need was the most significant independent predictor of analgesic dependence in each of 4 separate multiple regression analyses. This short form of the PMAQ allows attitudes to pain medications to be measured in a valid and more efficient way.
Outcomes After Conservative, Endoscopic, and Surgical Treatment of Groove Pancreatitis
Authors: Kager Liesbeth M. , Lekkerkerker Selma J. , Arvanitakis Marianna , Delhaye Myriam , Fockens Paul , Boermeester Marja A. , van Hooft Jeanin E. , Besselink Marc G. 
Published: November 2016

Background:
Groove pancreatitis (GP) is a focal form of chronic pancreatitis affecting the paraduodenal groove area, for which consensus on diagnosis and management is lacking.

Goals:
We performed a systematic review of the literature to determine patient characteristics and imaging features of GP and to evaluate clinical outcomes after treatment.

Results:
Eight studies were included reporting on 335 GP patients with a median age of 47 years (range, 34 to 64 y), with 90% male, 87% smokers, and 87% alcohol consumption, and 47 months (range, 15 to 122 mo) of follow-up. Most patients presented with abdominal pain (91%) and/or weight loss (78%). Imaging frequently showed cystic lesions (91%) and duodenal stenosis (60%).
Final treatment was conservative (eg, pain medication) in 29% of patients. Endoscopic treatment (eg, pseudocyst drainage) was applied in 19% of patients—34% of these patients were subsequently referred for surgery. Overall, 59% of patients were treated surgically (eg, pancreatoduodenectomy). Complete symptom relief was observed in 50% of patients who were treated conservatively, 57% who underwent endoscopic treatment, and 79% who underwent surgery.

Conclusions:
GP is associated with male gender, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The vast majority of patients presents with abdominal pain and with cystic lesions on imaging. Although surgical treatment seems to be the most effective, both conservative and endoscopic treatment are successful in about half of patients. A stepwise treatment algorithm starting with the least invasive treatment options seems advisable.
Does Incorporating Change in APRI or FIB-4 Indices Over Time Improve the Accuracy of a Single Index for Identifying Liver Fibrosis in Persons With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection?
Authors: Gounder Prabhu P. , Haering Celia , Bruden Dana J. T. , Townshend-Bulson Lisa , Simons Brenna C. , Spradling Philip R. , McMahon Brian J. 
Published: November 2016

Background:
The aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and a fibrosis index calculated using platelets (FIB-4) have been proposed as noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis.

Goals:
To determine APRI/FIB-4 accuracy for predicting histologic liver fibrosis and evaluate whether incorporating change in index improves test accuracy in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected Alaska Native persons.

Study:
Using liver histology as the gold standard, we determined the test characteristics of APRI to predict Metavir ≥F2 fibrosis and FIB-4 to predict Metavir ≥F3 fibrosis. Index discrimination was measured as the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve. We fit a logistic regression model to determine whether incorporating change in APRI/FIB-4 over time improved index discrimination.

Results:
Among 283 participants, 46% were female, 48% had a body mass index >30, 11% had diabetes mellitus, 8% reported current heavy alcohol use. Participants were infected with HCV genotypes 1 (68%), 2 (17%), or 3 (15%). On liver histology, 30% of study participants had ≥F2 fibrosis and 15% had ≥F3 fibrosis. The positive predictive value of an APRI>1.5/FIB-4>3.25 for identifying fibrosis was 77%/78%. The negative predictive value of an APRI<0.5/FIB-4<1.45 was 91%/87%. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of an APRI/FIB-4 for identifying fibrosis was 0.82/0.84. Incorporating change in APRI/FIB-4 did not improve index discrimination.

Conclusions:
The accuracy of APRI/FIB-4 for identifying liver fibrosis in HCV-infected Alaska Native persons is similar to that reported in other populations and could help prioritize patients for treatment living in areas without access to liver biopsy. Change in APRI/FIB-4 was not predictive of degree of fibrosis.
Implications of Preterm Birth for Maternal Mental Health and Infant Development
Authors: Anderson Cheryl , Cacola Priscila 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Preterm birth remains a major contributor to infant mortality and morbidity including neurodevelopmental delay and childhood disability. Mothers experiencing a preterm birth are at risk for maternal mental health issues, inclusive of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which may affect mother–infant attachment and infant development. Depression and PTSD, frequently comorbid, following preterm birth and relationships between these symptoms, maternal–infant attachment, and infant development are reviewed. Assessments and interventions potentially capable of benefitting mother and infant are noted. The need for healthcare professionals to intervene prenatally and at postpartum is significant as maternal distress remains one of the most consistent factors related to infant development. Although depression has received much attention in the literature as a risk factor for preterm birth, impaired attachment, and delayed infant development, some of the consequences of PTSD have only recently gained research attention. A few studies support the role of PTSD in impaired maternal–infant attachment; yet, it is unclear whether preterm infants of mothers experiencing symptoms of PTSD following birth are at a higher risk for motor development problems. Because early mother–infant interactions are influenced by prematurity as well as maternal mental health, consideration for home interventions that stimulate infant development and encourage mother–infant relationships concurrently are important. Directed interventions may be beneficial for infant development and aid in strengthening the mother–infant relationship, potentially reducing depression and PTSD symptoms in the mother.
Spontaneous recurrent episodes of wrist pain in a 16-year-old girl: a case of complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Gierthmühlen Janne , Baron Ralf , Blankenburg Markus , Zernikow Boris , Maier Christoph 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Introduction: Complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS) are disabling pain syndromes that can develop after minor tissue injury or trauma and are characterized by sensory, motor, and autonomic abnormalities distributed in a glove-like or stocking-like manner. Complex regional pain syndrome is well known in adults, but is relatively rare in children. Most of the reported cases of CRPS in children are clinical diagnoses that are not supported by examinations such as three-phase bone scintigraphy. Furthermore, different centres often use different diagnostic criteria for CRPS, which sometimes questions the diagnosis of CRPS.

Objective/Methods: Although, recurrences and in particular relapses of CRPS have been observed, a periodically, nearly self-limiting course of disease without any residues in pain-free episodes and without any new obvious injury in CRPS is rather unusual. We present the case of a 16-year-old girl who reported recurrent spontaneous pain which lasted for 2 to 3 weeks and occurred approximately 2 times a year after the patient had experienced a mild trauma 3 years ago.

Results: The pain was accompanied by swelling, temperature asymmetry, and decreased range of motion of the right hand without any complains in pain-free episodes. Recurrent symptoms occurred without any obvious trauma. Diagnosis of CRPS was made from clinical findings including quantitative sensory testing, increased periarticular radioisotope uptake in the delayed phase of three-phase bone scintigraphy and examination during anaesthesia. Multimodal inpatient pain treatment resolved her symptoms substantially.

Conclusion: Complex regional pain syndrome in children may imitate rheumatologic diseases, and the course is different from adults despite similar clinical findings.
The Impact of Complicated Grief on Diurnal Cortisol Levels Two Years After Loss: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Saavedra Pérez Heidi C. , Direk Nese , Milic Jelena , Ikram Mohammed Arfan , Hofman Albert , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
Few studies have focused on the effect of complicated grief—unresolved and prolonged grief—on the neuroendocrine systems. The present study examined the association of complicated grief and normal grief with the diurnal cortisol patterns in a large population-based study.

Methods
This study was set in the Rotterdam Study and comprised 2084 persons aged older than 55 years (mean [SD] age, 64.9 [5.5] years). Participants were assessed with the Complicated Grief Inventory and classified into no grief (n = 1922), normal grief (n = 131), or complicated grief (n = 31) if they experienced the loss in the past 2 years. Saliva samples were collected to measure cortisol levels. Morning cortisol and summary measures (area under the curve and the slope) were studied to account for the diurnal pattern of cortisol. Persons with depressive disorders were excluded, and analyses were additionally adjusted for depressive symptoms.

Results
Compared to normal grievers, participants with complicated grief showed lower levels of morning cortisol (11.26 vs 15.51 nmol/L; difference, −4.24; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −7.87 to −0.62; p = .022), and lower levels of overall diurnal cortisol (6.89 vs 8.98 nmol/L; difference, −2.09; 95% CI = −3.81 to −0.37; p = .017). No difference was observed in slope between both groups. Participants with complicated grief also showed lower levels of morning cortisol than the nongrievers (11.26 vs 14.71; difference, −3.46; 95% CI = −6.78 to −0.13; p = .042). In contrast, cortisol secretion patterns did not differ between persons with normal grief and nongrieving controls.

Conclusions
Participants with complicated grief showed low levels of morning cortisol and low overall diurnal cortisol levels characteristic for a chronic stress reaction.
High Mobility and HIV Prevalence Among Female Market Traders in East Africa in 2014
Authors: Camlin Carol S. , El Ayadi Alison M. , Kwena Zachary A. , McFarland Willi , Johnson Mallory O. , Neilands Torsten B. , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Cohen Craig R. 
Published: November 2016

Background:
The contribution of women's mobility to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa is poorly understood, despite women's high mobility and evidence that it is associated with higher-risk sexual behavior. We sought to measure levels of mobility, HIV prevalence, and related risk behaviors among female traders in Kisumu, Kenya.

Methods:
We used global positioning system mapping to develop a probability-based sample and recruited 305 female market traders for participation in a survey and voluntary HIV counseling and testing in 2014. We estimated HIV prevalence and fitted logistic regression models to measure associations between mobility, risk behaviors, and HIV infection.

Results:
HIV prevalence was 25.6% (95% confidence interval: 21.0 to 30.8); 11.5% had migrated (changed residence, over county, or national boundary) in the past year and 39.3% in the past 5 years. More than one-third (38.3%) spent nights away from main residence in the past month, with 11.4% spending more than a week away. Multiple partners were reported by 13.1% of women in the last year; 16% of married women reported a concurrent partnership. Mobility was not significantly associated with HIV prevalence, although recent short-term mobility was significantly correlated with higher numbers of sexual partners in the past year.

Conclusions:
Female market traders were highly mobile, and HIV prevalence among traders was higher than in the general population of women of reproductive age in Kisumu (15.3% in 2013), and Nyanza Province, Kenya (16.1% in 2012). High HIV prevalence and risk behavior among women in this study warrant accelerated attention to HIV prevention and care needs of mobile women, including market traders.
Autophagy Mitigates High-Temperature Injury in Pollen Development of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Dundar Gonul , Shao Zhenhua , Higashitani Nahoko , Kikuta Mami , Izumi Masanori , Higashitani Atsushi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAutophagy is one of the cellular processes that break down cellular components during senescence, starvation, and stress. The susceptibility of plant pollen development to high-temperature (HT) stress is well known, but the involvement of autophagy in HT injury is yet to be clarified. Here, we found that following transfer to 30 °C, all autophagy-deficient (atg) mutants (atg2-1, 5-1, 7-2, and 10-1) of Arabidopsis thaliana tested displayed visibly impaired pollen development and anther dehiscence. HT-induced male sterility significantly increased in the atg mutants, but the degree of HT-induced obstacles did not change between the wild type (WT) and mutants from the seedling stage to the bolting stage. Cytological analyses showed that 30 °C promoted autophagy and autolysosome formation in both anther wall cells and microspores in developing anthers of WT, but the atg5-1 mutant did not show completion of tapetum degeneration and microspore maturation. HT upregulated hydrogen peroxide and dehydroascorbate reductase 1 production in both WT and atg5-1 anthers, but the basal levels were already higher in the mutant. HT repressed expression of UNDEAD and its regulator MYB80, which are required for tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) for proper pollen development. Taken together, our results suggest that autophagy functions in tapetum degeneration and pollen development during HT-caused tapetal PCD abortion.HighlightsIn Arabidopsis, autophagy is not essential for completion of the life cycle under normal temperatures.High temperature (HT) stress induces autophagy in developing anther wall cells and microspores.Autophagy deficient atg mutants become almost completely male-sterile at moderate HT.Autophagy plays a role in tapetum degeneration and pollen development during HT-caused abortion of tapetal program cell death.
A location-specific spreadsheet for estimating Zika risk and timing for Zika vector surveillance, using U.S. military facilities as an example
Authors: Foley Desmond H. , Pecor David B. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTLocal Zika virus transmission in the United States involving one or both of the known vector species,Aedes aegyptiandAe. albopictus,is of major concern. To assist efforts to anticipate the risks of transmission, we developed an Excel spreadsheet tool that uses vector and virus temperature thresholds, remotely sensed maximum temperature, and habitat suitability from models to answer the questions: “is Zika transmission likely here?” and “when should we conduct vector surveillance?”. An example spreadsheet, updated regularly and freely available, uses near real-time and forecast temperature data to generate guidance, based on a novel four level Zika risk code, for 733 U.S. military facilities in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the territories of Guam and Puerto Rico.
Dynamical System Modeling to Simulate Donor T Cell Response to Whole Exome Sequencing-Derived Recipient Peptides: Understanding Randomness In Clinical Outcomes Following Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Koparde V , Abdul Razzaq B , Suntum T , Sabo R , Scalora A , Serrano M , Jameson-Lee M , Hall C , Kobulnicky D , Sheth N , Sampson J , Reed J , Roberts C , Qayyum R , Buck G , Neale M , Toor A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe quantitative relationship between the magnitude of variation in minor histocompatibility antigens (mHA) and graft versus host disease (GVHD) pathophysiology in stem cell transplant (SCT) donor-recipient pairs (DRP) is not established. In order to elucidate this relationship, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on 27 HLA matched related (MRD), & 50 unrelated donors (URD), to identify nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). An average 2,463 SNPs were identified in MRD, and 4,287 in URD DRP (p<0.01); resulting peptide antigens that may be presented on HLA class I molecules in each DRP were derivedin silico(NetMHCpan ver2.0) and the tissue expression of proteins these were derived from determined (GTex). MRD DRP had an average 3,670 HLA-binding-alloreactive peptides, putative mHA (pmHA) with an IC50 of <500 nM, and URD, had 5,386 (p<0.01). To simulate an alloreactive donor cytotoxic T cell response, the array of pmHA in each patient was considered as anoperatormatrix modifying a hypothetical cytotoxic T cell clonalvectormatrix; each responding T cell clone’s proliferation was determined by the logistic equation of growth, accounting for HLA binding affinity and tissue expression of each alloreactive peptide. The resultingsimulatedorgan-specific alloreactive T cell clonal growth revealed marked variability, with the T cell count differences spanning orders of magnitude between different DRP. Despite an estimated, uniform set of constants used in the model for all DRP, and a heterogeneously treated group of patients higher total and organ-specific T cell counts were associated with cumulative incidence of GVHD in recipients in Cox proportional hazard models. In conclusion, exome wide sequence differences and the variable alloreactive peptide binding to HLA in each DRP yields a large range of possible alloreactive donor T cell responses. Our findings also help understand the apparent randomness observed in the development of alloimmune responses.
How Fast Fast-Folding Proteins Fold in Silico
Authors: Pang Yuan-Ping 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn reported microcanonical molecular dynamics simulations, fast-folding proteins CLN025 and Trp-cage autonomously folded to experimentally determined native conformations. However, the folding times of these proteins derived from the simulations were more than 4–10 times longer than their experimental values. This article reports autonomous folding of CLN025 and Trp-cage in isobaric–isothermal molecular dynamics simulations with agreements within factors of 0.69–1.75 between simulated and experimental folding times at different temperatures. These results show that CLN025 and Trp-cage can now autonomously fold in silico as fast as in experiments, and suggest that the accuracy of folding simulations for fast-folding proteins begins to overlap with the accuracy of folding experiments. This opens new prospects of developing computer algorithms that can predict both ensembles of conformations and their interconversion rates for a protein from its sequence for artificial intelligence on how and when a protein acts as a receiver, switch, and relay to facilitate various subcellular-to-tissue communications. Then the genetic information that encodes proteins can be better read in the context of intricate biological functions.