bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateinamerikanischer Neostrukturalismus: Sojaboom und wirtschaftliche Konzentration in Argentinien
Authors: Berndt Christian , Bernhold Christin 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungAnfang der 2000er-Jahre haben einige lateinamerikanische Staaten im Zuge der Wahl sozialdemokratischer Regierungen und im Zusammenhang mit der neostrukturalistischen Entwicklungsagenda der CEPAL eine Wirtschaftspolitik proklamiert, die exportorientiertes Wachstum und soziale Anliegen vereinen sollte. In Argentinien ist diese Strategie eng mit einem Boom in der Sojaindustrie verbunden. Letztere hat für die Ökonomie des Landes eine zentrale Bedeutung und dient dem vorliegenden Beitrag als Beispiel, um die argentinische Variante des Neostrukturalismus einer kritischen, empirisch fundierten Analyse zu unterziehen. Dabei diskutieren wir den entwicklungsökonomischen Ansatz zum einen konzeptionell. Zum anderen untersuchen wir, wie sich die argentinische Agrarindustrie in den Neostrukturalismus einordnen lässt und richten unseren Blick auf soziale Widersprüche, die aus der entsprechenden politischen Praxis unter den Kirchner-Regierungen erwachsen. Wir analysieren den Sojaboom unter Einbezug agrarpolitischer, sozio-ökonomischer und ideologisch-diskursiver Gesichtspunkte. Zu den wichtigsten Punkten gehören diesbezüglich die tiefgreifende Rekonfiguration der Agrarproduktion sowie Prozesse der Finanzialisierung und wirtschaftlichen Konzentration. Die tiefgreifenden Veränderungen schließen neben einer weitreichenden Neuordnung der Sozialstrukturen auf dem Land auch prekäre Arbeitsbedingungen und mitunter gewaltsame Vertreibungen etwa im nordwestlichen Chaco ein. Wir gelangen im Hinblick auf den untersuchten Wirtschaftszweig zu dem Schluss, dass der Neostrukturalismus argentinischer Auslegung nicht zu den positiven sozioökonomischen Entwicklungen geführt hat, die angekündigt worden waren. Vielmehr konnten jene dominanten Akteure, die vom Agribusiness am meisten profitieren, ihre Position in dem südamerikanischen Land in den letzten Jahren weiter ausbauen.
Enhanced Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Liver Cancer Analysis
Authors: Lokanayaki K. , Malathi A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
During the development of computer technology, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) technology, used in quantitative analysis of medical imaging, arose at a historic moment and became a research hotspot in medical imaging. Discrimination of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the liver is a challenge in the histopathologic diagnostics. For this reason, there is an urgent need for new detection methods to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of liver cancer. Traditional machine-learning approaches are neural network (NN)-based. Cost-sensitive learning and a support vector machine (SVM) is observed to provide a good result in the case of balanced data sets; however, it is not capable of dealing with the classification of imbalanced data sets. These machine-learning approaches may be biased toward the majority class, thus producing a poor predictive accuracy over the minority class. In this paper, a novel technique for the purpose of liver cancer cell classification and root liver cancer cell recognition is proposed. The objective is to automatically categorize several classes of liver cancer cells and to discover the root cancer cell. To solve this problem, initially, preprocessing on noisy imbalanced data sets is carried out by means of improved weighted synthetic minority oversampling technique (IWSMOTE)-based oversampling and evolutionary undersampling. An ensemble-based learning algorithm (DataBoost.IM) with SVM is employed for final classification to classify the cancer cells and non-cancer cells. Finally, the enhanced artificial bee colony (EABC) clustering is applied to discover the root cancer cell. The proposed EABC clustering approach is tested using the liver cancer cell data set, providing an accuracy level of 96.15 %, which is 95.61 % and 92.80 % higher than the ant colony optimization (ACO) and artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithms, respectively.
Bayesian Estimates and the Effectiveness of Metal Detection Devices
Authors: Kantor Paul B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
When a small number of observations is used to estimate the performance of a walk-through metal detector (WTMD), it is difficult to compare the observations made with different numbers of tests on different machines. Standard tests for metal detectors, whether hand-held (wand) or walk-through, are expressed in terms of specific test objects and a requirement [1], typically of the following form: “the object is to be detected at least 19 times in 20 trials.” Complementary requirements for suppressing false positives take various forms, depending on what is to be “not detected.” An example is the case of “no object at all,” for which the requirement may be “20 trials with no alarms.” Practitioners use much shorter tests to assess whether a machine is working on the day of the event, and they have no principled guidance about how to interpret that information, particularly if the information from each test is logged and thus might be aggregated to detect that a specific machine is slipping out of calibration. This article develops a principled Bayesian analysis that can convert a test of any size into a common language of expected odds ratio, which can then be used to compare tests with different sample sizes. Some technical issues of forming a “reasonable prior” are discussed. This research has the potential to turn quick checks, conducted in operational settings, into a rigorous and accumulated source of useful information about detection devices and procedures.
Altered Chloride Homeostasis Decreases the Action Potential Threshold and Increases Hyperexcitability in Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Sørensen Andreas T. , Ledri Marco , Melis Miriam , Nikitidou Ledri Litsa , Andersson My , Kokaia Merab 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChloride ions play an important role in controlling excitability of principal neurons in the central nervous system. When neurotransmitter GABA is released from inhibitory interneurons, activated GABA type A (GABAA) receptors on principal neurons become permeable to chloride. Typically, chloride flows through activated GABAAreceptors into the neurons causing hyperpolarization or shunting inhibition, and in turn inhibits action potential (AP) generation. However, in situations when intracellular chloride concentration is increased, chloride ions can flow in opposite direction, depolarize neurons, and promote AP generation. It is generally recognized that altered chloride homeostasis per se has no effect on the AP threshold. Here, we demonstrate that chloride overload of mouse principal CA3 pyramidal neurons not only makes these cells more excitable through GABAAreceptor activation but also lowers the AP threshold, further aggravating excitability. This phenomenon has not been described in principal neurons and adds to our understanding of mechanisms regulating neuronal and network excitability, particularly in developing brain and during pathological situations with altered chloride homeostasis. This finding further broadens the spectrum of neuronal plasticity regulated by ionic compositions across the cellular membrane.
Presynaptic Regulation of Leptin in a Defined Lateral Hypothalamus–Ventral Tegmental Area Neurocircuitry Depends on Energy State
Authors: Liu Jing-Jing , Bello Nicholas T. , Pang Zhiping P. 
Published: December 2017

Synaptic transmission controls brain activity and behaviors, including food intake. Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, acts on neurons located in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) to maintain energy homeostasis and regulate food intake behavior. The specific synaptic mechanisms, cell types, and neural projections mediating this effect remain unclear. In male mice, using pathway-specific retrograde tracing, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings andpost hoccell type identification, we found that leptin reduces excitatory synaptic strength onto both melanin-concentrating hormone- and orexin-expressing neurons projecting from the LHA to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which may affect dopamine signaling and motivation for feeding. A presynaptic mechanism mediated by distinct intracellular signaling mechanisms may account for this regulation by leptin. The regulatory effects of leptin depend on intact leptin receptor signaling. Interestingly, the synaptic regulatory function of leptin in the LHA-to-VTA neuronal pathway is highly sensitive to energy states: both energy deficiency (acute fasting) and excessive energy storage (high-fat diet-induced obesity) blunt the effect of leptin. These data revealed that leptin may regulate synaptic transmission in the LHA-to-VTA neurocircuitry in an inverted “U-shape” fashion dependent on plasma glucose levels and related to metabolic states.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) to ventral tegmental area (VTA) projection is an important neural pathway involved in balancing whole-body energy states and reward. We found that the excitatory synaptic inputs to both orexin- and melanin-concentrating hormone expressing LHA neurons projecting to the VTA were suppressed by leptin, a peptide hormone derived from adipocytes that signals peripheral energy status to the brain. Interestingly, energy states seem to affect how leptin regulates synaptic transmission since both the depletion of energy induced by acute food deprivation and excessive storage of energy by high-fat diet feeding dampen the suppressive effect of leptin on synaptic transmission. Together, these data show that leptin regulates synaptic transmission and might be important for maintaining energy homeostasis.
In Vivo Functional Analysis of Drosophila Robo1 Fibronectin Type-III Repeats
Authors: Brown Haley E , Reichert Marie C , Evans Timothy A 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The repellant ligand Slit and its Roundabout (Robo) family receptors regulate midline crossing of axons during development of the embryonic central nervous system (CNS). Slit proteins are produced at the midline and signal through Robo receptors to repel axons from the midline. Disruption of Slit-Robo signaling causes ectopic midline-crossing phenotypes in the CNS of a broad range of animals, including insects and vertebrates. While previous studies have investigated the roles of Drosophila melanogaster Robo1’s five Immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains, little is known about the importance of the three evolutionarily conserved Fibronectin (Fn) type-III repeats. We have individually deleted each of Drosophila Robo1’s three Fn repeats, and then tested these Robo1 variants in vitro to determine their ability to bind Slit in cultured Drosophila cells and in vivo to investigate the requirement for each domain in regulating Robo1’s embryonic expression pattern, axonal localization, midline repulsive function, and sensitivity to Commissureless (Comm) downregulation. We demonstrate that the Fn repeats are not required for Robo1 to bind Slit or for proper expression of Robo1 in Drosophila embryonic neurons. When expressed in a robo1 mutant background, these variants are able to restore midline repulsion to an extent equivalent to full-length Robo1. We identify a novel requirement for Fn3 in the exclusion of Robo1 from commissures and downregulation of Robo1 by Comm. Our results indicate that each of the Drosophila Robo1 Fn repeats are individually dispensable for the protein’s role in midline repulsion, despite the evolutionarily conserved “5 + 3” protein structure.
Researches on the Influence of the Sowing Period of Simple Hybrids on Seed Production for the Turda 200 Maize Hybrid
Authors: GHEȚE Alexandru B. , COPÂNDEAN Ana , HAȘ Voichița V. , CHEȚAN Cornel , DUDA Marcel , CALUGAR Roxana E. , VARGA Andrei 
Published: December 2017

The production of certified seed for maize double hybrids is based on the crossing of two simple maize hybrids, one of which is used as a seed producer (maternal form, AxB) and another as pollinator (paternal form, CxD). The production of the seed in the case of double hybrids presents some advantages because the production obtained in the hybridization lot is high, the cost of lower seed production and includes a minimum risk (Penčić and Hadžistević, 1982). Seed quality indices are generally better than by simple hybrids, especially when adverse conditions occur during production (Sarca, 2004).
The Influence of Copper Sulphate on Growth, Morphology and on Anatomy of Vegetative Organs of Triticum Aestivum L
Authors: JELEA Stela Gabriela , JELEA Oana Corina , MIHALESCU Lucia , VOŞGAN Zorica 
Published: December 2017

Copper is necessary for the growth and development of plants, but a high concentrations is extremely toxic, resulting in growth inhibition and toxicity symptoms. In this study we investigated the effects of caryopses immersion of Triticum aestivum L, for 24 hours, at different concentrations of copper sulphate. CuSO4 x 5H20 (0.05 g/L - variant V1; 0.1g/L - variant V2; 0.5 g/L - variant V3; 1 g/L - variant V4). The result of metabolic disturbances induced by the treatment of vegetative organs was their growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that caryopses immersion for 24 hours with copper sulphate in a concentration of 0.5 g /l and 1 g /l induce anatomic and morphological changes in vegetative organs.
L(a)ying with Marshall McLuhan: Media Theory as Hoax Art
Authors: Svec Henry Adam 
Published: December 2017

Abstract | This artist-response essay examines some ethical and aesthetic contours of media-theoretical hoaxes (and of a hoaxing media theory). I accomplish this through an exploratory reflection upon my own experiences and dilemmas as a media hoax artist, a vocation that has been influenced by Harold Adams Innis’s “authentic” scholarly persona as well as by McLuhan’s “probing” methods. Whereas recent work in the field of hoax art has tended to rely on the eventual text-bound revelation of the truth of the situation, my McLuhanite method aims rather towards magic and mediation.Résumé | Cet essai et réponse d’artiste examine quelques contours éthiques et esthétiques des canulars médiatiques (et d’une théorie des canulars médiatiques). J’accomplis cela à travers une réflexion exploratoire sur mes propres expériences et dilemmes en tant qu’artiste de canular médiatiques, une vocation qui a été influencée par la personnalité académique « authentique » d’Harold Adams Innis ainsi que par les méthodes « exploratoires » de McLuhan. Alors que les travaux récents dans le domaine de l’art du canular ont eu tendance à dépendre de la révélation éventuelle de la vérité de la situation, ma méthode McLuhanite s’appuie plutôt sur la magie et la médiation.
Our World: McLuhan’s Idea of Globalized Presence as the Prehistory of Computational Temporality
Authors: Salemy Mohammad 
Published: December 2017

Abstract | The 1960s was the decade in which satellite technology was introduced to the television world via a series of live broadcasts. With the active participation of 46 stations, BBC’s Our World (1967) was undoubtedly the most globally far-reaching of them all. Conceived around Marshall McLuhan’s concept of the communicative global village, the special program took full advantage of satellites to reach a truly global audience and use the occasion to announce the dawn of globalization and what living in a small and thoroughly connected world would mean for its inhabitants. Prominent in the broadcast was the program’s Canadian segment, which aired right after the introduction and included an interview with Marshal McLuhan in the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation’s studio in Toronto. This paper considers McLuhan’s contributions both to the ideas and practices of planetary communication as well as his direct involvement with the production of Our World. I demonstrate how McLuhan’s understanding of the co-constitution of time and space not only set live television broadcasts apart from other temporal media but that, through these spatiotemporal affinities, One World can be considered to belong to the prehistory of our contemporary telecomputational technologies such as the Internet and mobile phones.Résumé | Les années 1960 ont été la décennie où la technologie satellitaire a été introduite dans le monde de la télévision par le biais d’une série d’émissions en direct. Avec la participation active de 46 stations, Our World (1967) de la BBC a été sans aucun doute été l’émission la plus diffusée à travers le monde. Conçu autour du concept du village planétaire de communication de Marshall McLuhan, le programme spécial a profité pleinement des satellites pour atteindre un public véritablement mondial et a saisi l’occasion pour annoncer l’aube de la mondialisation et ce que vivre dans un monde petit et complètement connecté signifierait pour ses habitants. Le segment canadien du programme, diffusé juste après l’introduction, a été mis en vedette et comprenait une entrevue avec Marshall McLuhan dans le studio de la Société Radio-Canada à Toronto. Cet article considère les contributions de McLuhan aux idées et aux pratiques de la communication planétaire, mais aussi son implication directe dans la production d’Our World. Je démontre comment la compréhension de McLuhan de la co-constitution du temps et de l’espace non seulement sépare les émissions télévisées en direct des autres médias temporels, mais aussi, par ces affinités spatio-temporelles, comment One World peut appartenir à la préhistoire de nos technologies de télécommunication contemporaines comme Internet et les téléphones mobiles.
The Moral Experiences of Children Living in Poverty: A Focused Ethnography
Authors: Montreuil Marjorie , Saint-Laurent Olivia , Carnevale Franco A. 
Published: December 2017

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>A focused ethnography was conducted in an after-school academic support program serving vulnerable populations in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The aim of this study was to </span><span>explore the moral experiences of children living in poverty to inform on their daily experiences and moral lives. Our results highlighted that these children, who were experiencing </span><span>economic hardship and/or social isolation, faced various social barriers, such as stigmatization, family isolation, and linguistic challenges for new immigrant children. As active agents, they navigated the challenges they encountered with help from the program. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Evidence Aid: Using Systematic Reviews to Improve Access to Evidence for
Humanitarian Emergencies
Authors: Clarke Mike 
Published: December 2017

<p>Evidence Aid is an international initiative to improve access
to reliable evidence that will help people and organisations make
well-informed decisions about interventions, actions and strategies in the
disaster setting. It focuses on systematic reviews as the most reliable
source of research evidence, maximising the power of existing research,
avoiding undue emphasis on single studies and reducing the waste associated
with research that is ignored or not accessible to decision makers. Evidence
Aid is knowledge champion for influencers of the humanitarian sector,
including funders, policy makers, NGOs, and humanitarian professionals.
Evidence Aid was established by members of the Cochrane Collaboration after
the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 2004. It provides access to information
relevant to disaster risk reduction, planning, response, recovery,
resilience and rehabilitation. This presentation will discuss the need for
Evidence Aid, and describes its activities.</p><p>Find out more
about <a
href="http://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/mike-clarke(f6bee3f9-d4fd-4498-b28b-1e52b1dfaf91).html"
target="_blank">Mike</a>.</p><br /> <img
src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg"
alt="Open Access" />
Presentación
Authors: Vaillant Denise 
Published: December 2017

Cuadernos de Investigación Educativa es la revista académica, arbitrada y semestral de investigación científica, que el Instituto de Educación de la Universidad ORT Uruguay publica desde 1997. Actualmente, está indexada en SciELO, Redalyc, Dialnet y Latindex.El nuevo número de Cuadernos de Investigación Educativa se publica en un año especial para la revista: sus 20 años. A lo largo del tiempo, se han editado más de un centenar de artículos, así como ocho volúmenes y 25 números. Los aportes de la revista, desde sus diversos planteamientos, han sido muy fecundos y los temas abordados de gran actualidad. Conmemoramos 20 años, pero por sobre todo celebramos las contribuciones de todos aquellos que desde el año 1997, colaboraron a través de su producción académica al desarrollo de conceptos afinados, de análisis minuciosos y de debates informados. Aplaudimos al equipo de edición, al Consejo de Redacción, al Consejo Asesor y a los pares evaluadores por su generosidad intelectual y por su convencimiento de que es posible transformar la incertidumbre en materia de indagación.
Химико-микробиологическая характеристика вод и донных отложений Керченского пролива и прилегающих акваторий
Authors: Тихонова Е. A. , Бурдиян Н. В. , Соловьёва О. В. 
Published: December 2017

Представлены результаты исследований уровня загрязнения нефтяными углеводородами и хлороформ-экстрагируемыми веществами донных отложений и морской воды районов черноморского предпроливья и Азовского моря (весна, осень 2016 г.). Выполнено сравнение уровней загрязнения морской среды с результатами предыдущих исследований (2007–2010 гг.). Приведены количественные характеристики гетеротрофной и нефтеокисляющей микробиоты в обозначенных районах. Установлено, что концентрация нефтяных углеводородов в поверхностном слое воды района азовского предпроливья в целом не превышала значения ПДК (0,05 мг·л-1). Исключение составили результаты, полученные осенью 2016 г. Численность гетеротрофных бактерий изменялась в поверхностном слое воды Азовского моря в пределах 104–105 кл.·мл-1, нефтеокисляющие бактерии были выделены в единичных количествах. В акватории причерноморского района пролива число гетеротрофных бактерий составило 106 , численность нефтеокисляющих бактерий не превысила 10 кл.·мл-1. При сравнении с данными прошлых лет отмечено увеличение содержания хлороформкстрагируемых веществ и нефтяных углеводородов в донных отложениях. Общий уровень загрязнения при этом не превышал средних величин, определённых для данного региона. Численность гетеротрофных бактерий в донных отложениях в приазовской акватории варьировала от 2,5·104 до 4,5·104 кл.·г-1, а нефтеокисляющих бактерий — от 2,5·10 до 4,5·102 кл.·г-1. В донных отложениях черноморского предпроливья число гетеротрофов составляло 4,5·103 кл.·г-1, нефтеокисляющих бактерий — 10 кл.·г-1.