bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric concussion: biomechanical differences between outcomes of transient and persistent (> 4 weeks) postconcussion symptoms
Authors: Post Andrew , Hoshizaki T. Blaine , Zemek Roger , Gilchrist Michael D. , Koncan David , Dawson Lauren , Chen Wesley , Ledoux Andrée-Anne , _ _ 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVECurrently, little is known about the biomechanics of head impact for concussion in youths (ages 5 to 18 years). Even less is known about the biomechanical characteristics and variables related to head impacts that may be useful in differentiating between transient and persistent postconcussion symptoms in a youth population. The purpose of this research was to examine the differences in biomechanics of youth head impact for transient postconcussion symptoms (TPCSs) and persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCSs) by using data from a hospital population.METHODSIn a laboratory setting and using physical, computational, and finite element models, the authors reconstructed falling events in a large cohort of patients who had sustained a brain injury that resulted in transient or persistent postconcussion symptoms. The falling events and resulting concussions for the TPCS and PPCS patient groups were analyzed in terms of force, energy, peak resultant linear and rotational accelerations, and maximum principal strain in the gray and white matter of the brain, as well as measurements of cumulative strain damage.RESULTSThe results indicated that there were no significant differences between the groups for any of the variables analyzed.CONCLUSIONSWith methods derived for use in an adult population, the magnitudes of peak linear acceleration for the youth data set were determined to be above the 50% risk of injury. The youth data set showed higher brain tissue strain responses for lower energy and impact velocities than measured in adults, suggesting that youths are at higher risk of concussive injury at lower event severities. A trend shown by some variables indicated that larger magnitudes of response were associated with PPCSs, but no single measurement variable consistently differentiated between the TPCS and PPCS groups. It is possible that using the biomechanics of head and brain responses to predict a subjective symptom load may not be appropriate. To enhance future biomechanical analyses, further investigations should include the use of quantifiable measures of brain injury linked to clinical outcomes and possible confounding factors such as history of brain injury and patient predisposition.
Présentation spéléologique du massif des Fanges et du chaînon du Roc Paradet (Fenouillèdes, Aude et Pyrénées Orientales)
Authors: Ournie Bernard 
Published: March 2017

Le massif des Corbîères de Fanges-Roc Paradet, d'une superficie de 40 km2, renferme un complexe souterrain, le réseau Fanges-Paradet, constitué par la jonction de deux cavités : le Cthulhu Démoniaque et le Puits de l'Engoulevent d'un développement connu de 13 km. Cette région du Fenouillèdes se caractérise par une diversité de formes karstiques : lapiés de diaclases, dolines, vallées sèches, canyons, cavités recoupées. La complexité du drainage souterrain actuel, éclairée en partie par la complexité même du réseau exploré, est sans doute en relation avec un creusement endo-karstique mio-pliocène, lors de l'installation du réseau hydrographique de surface sur l'ancienne surface d'aplanissement éogène.
L'association ARKHAM créée en 1983 a pour but de coordonner et de promouvoir les recherches sur ce massif en réalisant notamment des publications de synthèse.
Les portes de la biodiversité
Authors: Perrin Jean-François 
Published: March 2017

The doors of biodiversity
The Rhone-Alpes region is situated at the confluence of the alpine, Atlantic and Mediterranean biogeographical zones. It is also the crossroads of several roads of the exile. Certain passages, as the major passes and the river valleys, indeed offer to the naturalists some exceptional sites of observation. The pass of Mont-Cenis in Savoy is one of the most interesting places to appreciate the variety of the alpine flora and detect potential immigrant animals.
Les papillons de jour du département du Rhône, survivants dans un environnement incertain (Insecta, Lepidoptera : Rhopalocera)
Authors: Cowles Timothy 
Published: March 2017

Butterflies of the Rhone district surviving in an uncertain environment (Insecta, Lepidoptera : Rhopalocera)
This article gives a general presentation of butterflies and their environment, and a comparison with the biodiversity in the Rhone 50 years ago. Complete lists are included of possible extinctions, doubtful and new observations, as well as a selection of the more remarkable species, declines and expansions. The reader will appreciate that whilst the number of species has remained relatively constant, the future remains uncertain for butterflies with so many habitats under threat. About 240 species are known in continental France, many of them living in southern region and mountains, or exhibiting ecological requirements in special biotopes ; 107 species are recorded from Rhone district since 2000.
The Vilnius icon of the Mother of God and its cult in the Greek Catholic Church of the Holy Trinity
Authors: Janonienė Rūta 
Published: March 2017

The article discusses the icon of the Hodegetria Mother of God, formerly placed in Vilnius.The currently missing piece of art was considered very important in the Vilnius spiritual life inthe 16th – early 20th centuries and was respected by Orthodox, Greek Catholic (Uniate) andRoman Catholic churches. A significant influence on the cult of icons was inspired by the au-thorship attributed to St. Lukas (later – only its prototype) and historical links with the familyof the Grand Duke of Lithuania Alexander Jagiellon (the icon was brought as a dowry in 1495by his wife Elena, the daughter of the Grand Duke of Moscow).In the 16th century, the icon was stored in the Orthodox Cathedral of the Blessed Mother ofGod. At that time it was possibly renewed (two side boards were replaced and the icon was re-painted with the egg-tempera technique). It is supposed that at that time the partial amendmentwas made in the oldest silver casings consisting of separate ornamented plates that were coveringthe background of the icon. Most of the knowledge about the existence of the icon exists fromthe beginning of the 17th century, when it was transferred into the church of the Vilnius Basilianmonastery of St. Trinity. There it became a major factor of Vilnius Latin and Greek Catholicreligious integration. The altar of The Mother of God in the church of St. Trinity was patronizedby the fraternity of the Immaculate Conception of Holy Mary.The image of the icons is known from the descriptions, lithographs, photographs and copiesof the 19th century. It should be noted that there are two different iconographic variations ofthe copies of the Vilnius Hodegetria (characterized by the different position of the feet of Jesus).The article raises an assumption that the icon could be repainted in the 17th century. The slightchange of the image or its iconography may have been adjusted with the silver casings made in1677. Once again the Vilnius icon was possibly renewed after the fire in 1706. In the middle ofthe 18th century, the head of Holy Mary was decorated with a new pure gold filigree crown. In1839, after the repeal of the union and the takeover of the St. Trinity‘s church by the Orthodox,the altar of Holy Mary was demolished and the icon was added to the new iconostasis. In 1866,the old artistic silver casings were melted and from the resulting material the new casing wasmade in St Petersburg, corresponding to the requirements of the Orthodox. In the same year,the icon was restored. Its oil paints were cleaned. The image unveiled at that time perhaps wasnot the first original image, but the one created after the icon base corrections, most likely inVilnius in the 16th century.
The adaptive value of habitat preferences from a multi-scale spatial perspective: insights from marsh-nesting avian species
Authors: Jedlikowski Jan , Brambilla Mattia 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundHabitat selection and its adaptive outcomes are crucial features for animal life-history strategies. Nevertheless, congruence between habitat preferences and breeding success has been rarely demonstrated, which may result from the single-scale evaluation of animal choices. As habitat selection is a complex multi-scale process in many groups of animal species, investigating adaptiveness of habitat selection in a multi-scale framework is crucial. In this study, we explore whether habitat preferences acting at different spatial scales enhance the fitness of bird species, and check the appropriateness of single vs. multi-scale models. We expected that variables found to be more important for habitat selection at individual scale(s), would coherently play a major role in affecting nest survival at the same scale(s).MethodsWe considered habitat preferences of two Rallidae species, little crake (Zapornia parva) and water rail (Rallus aquaticus), at three spatial scales (landscape, territory, and nest-site) and related them to nest survival. Single-scale versus multi-scale models (GLS and glmmPQL) were compared to check which model better described adaptiveness of habitat preferences. Consistency between the effect of variables on habitat selection and on nest survival was checked to investigate their adaptive value.ResultsIn both species, multi-scale models for nest survival were more supported than single-scale ones. In little crake, the multi-scale model indicated vegetation density and water depth at the territory scale, as well as vegetation height at nest-site scale, as the most important variables. The first two variables were among the most important for nest survival and habitat selection, and the coherent effects suggested the adaptive value of habitat preferences. In water rail, the multi-scale model of nest survival showed vegetation density at territory scale and extent of emergent vegetation within landscape scale as the most important ones, although we found a consistent effect with the habitat selection model (and hence evidence for adaptiveness) only for the former.DiscussionOur work suggests caution when interpreting adaptiveness of habitat preferences at a single spatial scale because such an approach may under- or over-estimate the importance of habitat factors. As an example, we found evidence only for a weak effect of water depth at territory scale on little crake nest survival; however, according to the multi-scale analysis, such effect turned out to be important and appeared highly adaptive. Therefore, multi-scale approaches to the study of adaptive explanations for habitat selection mechanisms should be promoted.
EMPIRE: A robust empirical reconstruction of solar irradiance variability
Authors: Yeo K. L. , Krivova N. A. , Solanki S. K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe present a new empirical model of total and spectral solar irradiance (TSI and SSI) variability entitled EMPirical Irradiance REconstruction (EMPIRE). As with existing empirical models, TSI and SSI variability is given by the linear combination of solar activity indices. In empirical models, UV SSI variability is usually determined by fitting the rotational variability in activity indices to that in measurements. Such models have to date relied on ordinary least squares regression, which ignores the uncertainty in the activity indices. In an advance from earlier efforts, the uncertainty in the activity indices is accounted for in EMPIRE by the application of an error‐in‐variables regression scheme, making the resultant UV SSI variability more robust. The result is consistent with observations and unprecedentedly, with that from other modeling approaches, resolving the long‐standing controversy between existing empirical models and other types of models. We demonstrate that earlier empirical models, by neglecting the uncertainty in activity indices, underestimate UV SSI variability. The reconstruction of TSI and visible and IR SSI from EMPIRE is also shown to be consistent with observations. The EMPIRE reconstruction is of utility to climate studies as a more robust alternative to earlier empirical reconstructions.
Cognitive Impairment in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Meade Tanya , Manolios Nicholas , Cumming Steven R. , Conaghan Philip G. , Katz Patricia 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not commonly associated with central nervous system and brain changes. However, a number of studies have reported high rates of cognitive impairment in adults with RA. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and explore the rates and types of cognitive impairment in RA.MethodsMultiple databases were searched for articles published between 1994 and 2016, to identify studies that have included: adults with RA; standardized neuropsychological tests; and sufficient information to ascertain the relationship between cognitive impairment and demographic, clinical, and psychological factors. Of 1,980 titles, 75 were retained at the abstract level, 36 at the full‐text level, and 15 studies in the final review. These were evaluated using a modified Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale, and the findings were synthesized using a narrative approach.ResultsTen of 15 studies compared RA to other clinical groups and/or a control group. Based on summed effect size analyses, individuals with RA significantly underperformed on cognitive function tests compared to the control groups, particularly on verbal function, memory, and attention. Less clear differences were found between RA and other clinical groups. Some demographic (age and education), clinical (disease activity), and psychological (depression) factors were associated with cognitive impairment, but inconsistently so across studies. A number of limitations were identified: small and predominantly female samples, limited cognitive domain inclusion, lack of study details, and management of confounding variables.ConclusionThere is evidence of cognitive impairment in adults with RA. Further studies are needed to confirm prevalence rates and examine potential mechanisms.
Enumerating bone marrow blasts from nonerythroid cellularity improves outcome prediction in myelodysplastic syndromes and permits a better definition of the intermediate risk category of the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS‐R)
Authors: Calvo Xavier , Arenillas Leonor , Luño Elisa , Senent Leonor , Arnan Montserrat , Ramos Fernando , Pedro Carme , Tormo Mar , Montoro Julia , Díez‐Campelo María , Blanco María Laura , Arrizabalaga Beatriz , Xicoy Blanca , Bonanad Santiago , Jerez Andrés , Nomdedeu Meritxell , Ferrer Ana , Sanz Guillermo F , Florensa Lourdes 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS‐R) has been recognized as the score with the best outcome prediction capability in MDS, but this brought new concerns about the accurate prognostication of patients classified into the intermediate risk category. The correct enumeration of blasts is essential in prognostication of MDS. Recent data evidenced that considering blasts from nonerythroid cellularity (NECs) improves outcome prediction in the context of IPSS and WHO classification. We assessed the percentage of blasts from total nucleated cells (TNCs) and NECs in 3924 MDS patients from the GESMD, 498 of whom were MDS with erythroid predominance (MDS‐E). We assessed if calculating IPSS‐R by enumerating blasts from NECs improves prognostication of MDS. Twenty‐four percent of patients classified into the intermediate category were reclassified into higher‐risk categories and showed shorter overall survival (OS) and time to AML evolution than those who remained into the intermediate one. Likewise, a better distribution of patients was observed, since lower‐risk patients showed longer survivals than previously whereas higher‐risk ones maintained the outcome expected in this poor prognostic group (median OS < 20 months). Furthermore, our approach was particularly useful for detecting patients at risk of dying with AML. Regarding MDS‐E, 51% patients classified into the intermediate category were reclassified into higher‐risk ones and showed shorter OS and time to AML. In this subgroup of MDS, IPSS‐R was capable of splitting our series in five groups with significant differences in OS only when blasts were assessed from NECs. In conclusion, our easy‐applicable approach improves prognostic assessment of MDS patients.
Inhaled steroids reduce pain and sVCAM levels in individuals with sickle cell disease: A triple‐blind, randomized trial
Authors: Glassberg Jeffrey , Minnitti Caterina , Cromwell Caroline , Cytryn Lawrence , Kraus Thomas , Skloot Gwen S. , Connor Jason T. , Rahman Adeeb H. , Meurer William J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractClinical and preclinical data demonstrate that altered pulmonary physiology (including increased inflammation, increased blood flow, airway resistance, and hyper‐reactivity) is an intrinsic component of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and may contribute to excess SCD morbidity and mortality. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), a safe and effective therapy for pulmonary inflammation in asthma, may ameliorate the altered pulmonary physiologic milieu in SCD. With this single‐center, longitudinal, randomized, triple‐blind, placebo controlled trial we studied the efficacy and feasibility of ICS in 54 nonasthmatic individuals with SCD. Participants received once daily mometasone furoate 220 mcg dry powder inhalation or placebo for 16 weeks. The primary outcome was feasibility (the number who complete the trial divided by the total number enrolled) with prespecified efficacy outcomes including daily pain score over time (patient reported) and change in soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM) levels between entry and 8‐weeks. For the primary outcome of feasibility, the result was 96% (52 of 54, 95% CI 87%‐99%) for the intent‐to‐treat analysis and 83% (45 of 54, 95% CI 71%‐91%) for the per‐protocol analysis. The adjusted treatment effect of mometasone was a reduction in daily pain score of 1.42 points (95%CI 0.61‐2.21, P = 0.001). Mometasone was associated with a reduction in sVCAM levels of 526.94 ng/mL more than placebo (95% CI 50.66‐1003.23, P = 0.03). These results support further study of ICS in SCD including multicenter trials and longer durations of treatment. www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02061202)
Detailed examination of nitrile stretching vibrations relevant for understanding the behavior of thermally treated polyacrylonitrile
Authors: Ruhland Klaus , Haase Nino , Fischer Andreas 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe influence of electronic and environmental effects on the wave number of nitrile stretching vibrations was examined with respect to moieties relevant for the polyacrylonitrile homopolymer and its assumed transformation products on thermal treatment in the course of carbon fiber production on the basis of four sources of information. Literature values were collected. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements on relevant commercially available compounds were performed. For the first time, model compounds were synthesized and examined, and for the first time, density functional theory calculations for unavailable important compounds were performed. The results place the interpretation of the FTIR data on much safer scientific ground than any other study before; in particular, they unequivocally disprove suggestions given in the previous literature and provide quantitative relative oscillation strengths for important peaks necessary for the quantitative kinetic evaluation of the changes, which will enable the systematic fine‐tuning of new proposals. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44936.
Production of jet fuel precursor monoterpenoids from engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Mendez‐Perez Daniel , Alonso‐Gutierrez Jorge , Hu Qijun , Molinas Margaux , Baidoo Edward E.K. , Wang George , Chan Leanne J.G. , Adams Paul D. , Petzold Christopher J. , Keasling Jay D. , Lee Taek S. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTMonoterpenes (C10 isoprenoids) are the main components of essential oils and are possible precursors for many commodity chemicals and high energy density fuels. Monoterpenes are synthesized from geranyl diphosphate (GPP), which is also the precursor for the biosynthesis of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP). FPP biosynthesis diverts the carbon flux from monoterpene production to C15 products and quinone biosynthesis. In this study, we tested a chromosomal mutation of Escherichia coli's native FPP synthase (IspA) to improve GPP availability for the production of monoterpenes using a heterologous mevalonate pathway. Monoterpene production at high levels required not only optimization of GPP production but also a basal level of FPP to maintain growth. The optimized strains produced two jet fuel precursor monoterpenoids 1,8‐cineole and linalool at the titer of 653 mg/L and 505 mg/L, respectively, in batch cultures with 1% glucose. The engineered strains developed in this work provide useful resources for the production of high‐value monoterpenes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1703–1712. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vitro gene expression‐coupled bacterial cell chip for screening species‐specific antimicrobial enzymes
Authors: Kwon Seok‐Joon , Kim Domyoung , Lee Inseon , Kim Jungbae , Dordick Jonathan S. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTTargeting infectious bacterial pathogens is important for reducing the evolution of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and preserving the endogenous human microbiome. Cell lytic enzymes including bacteriophage endolysins, bacterial autolysins, and other bacteriolysins are useful antibiotic alternatives due to their exceptional target selectivity, which may be used to lysins rapidly kill target bacteria and their high specificity permit the normal commensal microflora to be left undisturbed. Genetic information of numerous lysins is currently available, but the identification of their antimicrobial function and specificity has been limited because most lysins are often poorly expressed and exhibit low solubilities. Here, we report the development of bacterial cell chip for rapidly accessing the function of diverse genes that are suggestive of encoding lysins. This approach can be used to evaluate rapidly the species‐specific antimicrobial activity of diverse lysins synthesized from in vitro transcription and translation (TNT) of plasmid DNA. In addition, new potent lysins can be assessed that are not expressed in hosts and display low solubility. As a result of evaluating the species‐specific antimicrobial function of 11 (un)known lysins with an in vitro TNT‐coupled bacterial cell chip, a potent recombinant lysin against Staphylococcus strains, SA1, was identified. The SA1 was highly potent against not only S. aureus, but also both lysostaphin‐resistant S. simulans and S. epidermidis cells. To this end, the SA1 may be applicable to treat both methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and lysostaphin‐resistant MRSA mutants. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1648–1657. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reaction Kinetics and Coking Behavior for Furan Deoxygenation via Catalytic Pyrolysis Using Methane
Authors: Gunawardena Duminda A. , Fernando Sandun D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe effective deoxygenation of oxygenates remains a major challenge that needs to be overcome for industrial‐scale conversion of biomass to fuels. Present technology uses expensive gaseous hydrogen for deoxygenation. This work looks at the possibility of using methane or natural gas as an alternative for the deoxygenation process. Catalytic pyrolysis studies were carried out using furan as the model oxygenate in the presence of methane in a fixed‐bed reactor over 5 % Ni/HZSM‐5 as catalyst. The effects of temperature and space velocity on the catalyst activity, reaction kinetics, and deactivation behavior were studied. It was found that the deoxygenation of furan was first and second order with respect to furan and methane concentration, respectively. Deactivation studies suggested that catalyst deactivation takes place through poisoning, fouling, and sintering.