bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metastatic anorectal melanomas – An exploratory retrospective analysis on the benefits of systemic therapy versus best supportive care in a resource-limited setting from India
Authors: Sahu Arvind , Ramaswamy Anant , Singhal Nitin , Doshi Vipul , Mirani Jimmy , Desouza Ashwin , Banavali Shripad , Saklani Avanish , Ostwal Vikas 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Aim: Data regarding the optimal management of metastatic anorectal melanoma (mARM) is scarce. The primary aim was to evaluate the potential benefits of systemic therapy in mARM. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of all mARM who presented between July 2013 and June 2015 at the Department of GI Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital. Results: Of a total of 37 patients, twelve patients were planned for best supportive care (BSC) only while the remaining 25 patients received systemic therapy. The median overall survival (OS) for the whole cohort was 27 weeks. The OS was significantly better in patients who received first-line therapy as compared to those who were offered BSC (median OS: 14 vs. 33 weeks; P = 0.04). Patients with PS of 1 did significantly better than PS of 2 more (OS 70 vs. 17 weeks; P = 0.015). Conclusion: mARM should be offered chemotherapy, especially in good performance patients. Paclitaxel/Platinum or Capecitabine/Temozolomide regimens can be considered as the preferred regime in the resource-limited setting where immunotherapy may not be a feasible option.
Optimisation à l’aide d’un plan d’expériences de la production d’une protéase fongique sur milieu à base de déchets agro-industriels
Authors: Benkahoul Malika , Belmessikh Aicha , Boukhalfa Hayet , Mechakra-Maza Aicha 
Published: January 2018

The production of neutral protease was carried out by the cultivation of Aspergillus oryzae Ahlburg (Cohen) 1042.72 in submerged fermentation using orange waste resulting from juice processing as a basal medium enriched with agro-industrial wastes. Optimization of the enzyme synthesis was achieved using the statistical method of Plackett-Burman design with N = 8 experimentsand N-1 factors; five real (corn-steep liquor, pH, salt, decommissioned dates, whey) and two errors. The results were modeled using a linear regression of the type: β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 + β3X3 + β4X4 + β5X5 + e The statistical results (correlations and significance level) made it possible to select the factors allowing the maximum production of protease (2016 U) obtained on a medium containing orange waste enriched in corn-steep liquor in 72 h and at pH 6. A large production is therefore obtained on a cheap medium.
La production d’une protéase neutre a été réalisée par fermentation d’une moisissure mésophyle (Aspergillus oryzae Ahlburg (Cohen)1042.72) en erlenmeyers sur milieux à base de déchets d’oranges enrichis à l’aide de sous-produits agro-industriels. L’optimisation de la synthèse de l’enzyme a été effectuée en utilisant une méthode statistique de planification expérimentale (les matrices de Plackett et Burman à N = 8, soit à 8 expériences et N-1 = 7 variables). Les variables utilisées sont les 5 facteurs de production (lactosérum, déchets de dattes ou dattes déclassées, corn-steep liquor, sels minéraux et pH) et 2 erreurs. Les résultats ont été modélisés selon une régression linéaire multiple de type : β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 + β3X3 + β4X4 + β5X5 + e Les résultats statistiques (corrélation et seuil de signification) ont permis de sélectionner les facteurs permettant la meilleure production de l’enzyme. Celle-ci (2016 U) est obtenue sur un milieu à base de déchets d’oranges enrichis en corn-steep liquor après 72 h de fermentation à pH 6. Ainsi, le milieu optimal permet une production importante de protéase neutre sur un milieu à moindre coût.
Feasibility of a Comprehensive Medical Knowledge Curriculum in Internal Medicine Using Team-Based Learning
Authors: Schynoll Gerald , Irish Elizabeth , Wayne Joseph , Smith Raymond 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
Team-based learning (TBL) is an active learning strategy with descriptions of its use in resident education limited to pilot studies.

Objective
We developed a comprehensive medical knowledge TBL curriculum for an internal medicine residency, and assessed feasibility.

Methods
We developed a 135-topic TBL curriculum to replace a noon conference lecture series, and implemented it over a 3-year period (2013–2016). In this article we describe the planning, curricular design, faculty recruitment and development, and lesson structure. We assessed feasibility in terms of faculty participation, resident preparedness, resident and faculty satisfaction, and costs.

Results
Most faculty initially were unfamiliar with TBL. Through faculty resource materials and flexible faculty development, participating faculty increased from 3 to 74. In a 2015 faculty survey (N = 64, 69% response rate), 73% (32 of 44) reported faculty development was adequate, 70% (31 of 44) indicated lesson preparation time reasonable, and 95% (42 of 44) reported preparation materials were helpful. A 2016 resident survey (N = 89, 72% response rate) revealed that most residents completed reading assignments in advance, 78% (50 of 64) found readings manageable, and 77% (49 of 64) felt they learned better from TBL compared to lectures. Costs included compensated time for 1 faculty TBL “champion” and an assistant.

Conclusions
Implementing a comprehensive medical knowledge curriculum using TBL in an internal medicine residency was feasible, and resulted in high faculty acceptance and learner satisfaction. Departmental support of a TBL champion, flexible faculty development, and well-designed resource materials were determinants of success.
Modos de construcción de la memoria en la primera novela chilena experimental antidictadura: El paso de los gansos (1975) de Fernando Alegría
Authors: Espinosa Patricia 
Published: January 2018

Este artículo se dedica a evidenciar los modos de construcción de la memoria y la crisis de representación en la novela El paso de los gansos(1975) de Fernando Alegría (1918-2005). El volumen, otorga un lugar preferencial a Cristian Montealegre fotógrafo y víctima de la represión, cuyas fotografías operan como testimonio de su experiencia en el contexto de los dos primeros meses de la dictadura. De esta forma, una de las dos primeras novelas chilenas antidictadura expone el golpe y las crisis que este hecho desata por medio de la intensificación de la relación entre palabra e imagen.
Circe y otras alusiones mitológicas en el relato y filme de Cortázar
Authors: Salcedo Larios Hugo 
Published: January 2018

La prolija obra de Julio Cortázar incluyó también el poco conocido ejercicio dramático suyo que conforma un repertorio de varias obras de su autoría, así como algunos cuentos de mejor difusión, y cuyo eje temático se alimenta de los mitos griegos o mesoamericanos, algunos de los cuales se han convertido en guiones cinematográficos. El propósito de este trabajo es marcar una línea de referencia en tono al cuento suyo “Circe” de su libro Bestiario, y en el que este autor colaboró como guionista.
Trascender la superficie: El cuerpo como enunciante retórico e ideológico en el documental Noticias
Authors: Silva Oyaneder Vladimir 
Published: January 2018

El texto plantea una interpretación crítica acerca de la representación del cuerpo en el documental Noticias (2009) de los directores chilenos Betina Perut e Iván Osnovikoff. Para tal objetivo se hace hincapié en la capacidad que presenta el concepto de cuerpo sin órganos para desestructurar la reflexión intelectual que ha sido universalmente hegemónica a la hora de apreciar una obra de arte. De esta manera, se plantea que el cuerpo en la película analizada, tiene como objetivo la desjerarquización de la mirada en el acto intelectual de apreciar una obra cinematográfica. El cuerpo entendido, entonces, como una organicidad sensible que invierte la reflexión intelecto/cuerpo presenta la capacidad de realizar una crítica a la representación cinematográfica clásica y un cuestionamiento a la configuración social e ideológica en la cual el cine históricamente ha desarrollado su discurso.
A New World, a New Approach to Answering His Critics: George Whitefield in the American Colonies, 1740–45
Authors: McInelly Brett C. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
George Whitefield intentionally stirred up controversy to generate publicity. During his first American preaching tour, he accomplished this by claiming that the New England clergy were in a defunct spiritual state. When he returned in 1744, he encountered the most organized onslaught of criticism he had or would ever face. But even more curious is the rapidity with which Whitefield's American critics stayed their pens after 1745, which can largely be attributed to Whitefield's recognition that the American context demanded a more moderate approach than the one he deployed in Britain, where he usually fanned the flames of controversy when answering his critics.
Solidarity with the Poor? Positioning the Church of the Nazarene in England in 2003 and 2013
Authors: Hirst Michael 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
The Church of the Nazarene is committed to identifying with the poor and socially marginalized. This article investigates how far the Nazarene priority for the poor intersects with the everyday geographies of its local presence in England. Cross-sectional data on the distribution of churches, clergy, and lay office holders are evaluated against neighbourhood variations in socio-economic deprivation. The extent to which they are based in deprived areas is considered to reflect opportunities for identifying with people in poverty and exercising a ministry of presence. The findings are broadly consistent with the church's self-proclaimed responsibility to the poor. Questions arise about the sustainability of that commitment at the local or community level and the church's ability to respond pastorally, and act prophetically and politically on behalf of the poor.
Klarsprogsarbejdet i Skattevæsenet før og nu
Authors: Jarvad Pia , Agerholm Birgitte 
Published: January 2018

Hvordan skrev skattemyndighederne i 70’erne – og hvordan skriver SKAT i dag? Vi skitserer udviklingen og fortæller om et sprogprojekt, der har vendt rundt på kommunikationen til borgere, virksomheder, rådgivere og medarbejdere.
Jurister och språkkonsulter i samarbete på Skatteverket
Authors: Hultberg Maria , Wassdahl Louise 
Published: January 2018

Skatteverket övergår från att ha sin rättsinformation i tryckta handledningar till att publicera den på webben. Samtidigt som all text digitaliseras bearbetar man informationen enligt klarspråksprinciper. Språkkonsulter, sakkunniga skribenter och rättssäkrare har arbetat nära tillsammans med ansvar för språket respektive sakinnehållet. Vi språkkonsulter fick makten att förändra det traditionstyngda juridiska språket. Har vi förvaltat den makten väl? Vi har lärt oss att jurister och språkkonsulter kan ha mycket olika syn på vad som är tydlig text men vi tycker att vi gemensamt åstadkommit klarspråk för mottagaren. Det ser inte längre ut som äldre tiders juridiska språk men inte heller som klarspråk som riktar sig till allmänheten. SummaryThe Swedish Tax Agency is converting approximately 20 printed manuals containing its interpretations of the Swedish tax laws for access from a central web site. During the digitising process the language on every single page has been reviewed and edited into plain language. Plain language consultants and tax law experts have been working closely together, the former taking responsibility for the language and the latter for the complex content. As linguistic experts we have the power to influence the heavy and sometimes stilted language, a language often marked by old legal tradition. Have we used our power well? We have learned that linguists and lawyers can have very different views on what is clear, and on what constitutes plain language. However, we think that, by pooling our resources, we have achieved a good compromise, aimed at a target audience that has a good knowledge of the tax laws, with the purpose of guiding them in their complicated tasks.
Computational humor and Christie Davies’ basis for joke comparison
Authors: Rayz Julia 
Published: January 2018

While historically computational humor paid very little attention to sociology and mostly took into account subparts of linguistics and some psychology, Christie Davies wrote a number of papers that should affect the study of computational humor directly. This paper will look at one paper to illustrate this point, namely Christie’s chapter in the Primer of Humor Research. With the advancements in computational processing and big data analysis/analytics, it is becoming possible to look at a large collection of humorous texts that are available on the web. In particular, older texts, including joke materials, that are being scanned from previously published printed versions. Most of the approaches within computational humor concentrated on comparison of present/existing jokes, without taking into account classes of jokes that are absent in a given setting. While the absence of a class is unlikely to affect classification – something that researchers in computational humor seem to be interested in – it does come into light when features of various classes are compared and conclusions are being made. This paper will describe existing approaches and how they could be enhanced, thanks to Davies’s contributions and the advancements in data processing.
Early Management of Retained Hemothorax in Blunt Head and Chest Trauma
Authors: Huang Fong‐Dee , Yeh Wen‐Bin , Chen Sheng‐Shih , Liu Yuan‐Yuarn , Lu I‐Yin , Chou Yi‐Pin , Wu Tzu‐Chin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundMajor blunt chest injury usually leads to the development of retained hemothorax and pneumothorax, and needs further intervention. However, since blunt chest injury may be combined with blunt head injury that typically requires patient observation for 3–4 days, other critical surgical interventions may be delayed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the outcomes of head injury patients who received early, versus delayed thoracic surgeries.Materials and methodsFrom May 2005 to February 2012, 61 patients with major blunt injuries to the chest and head were prospectively enrolled. These patients had an intracranial hemorrhage without indications of craniotomy. All the patients received video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) due to retained hemothorax or pneumothorax. Patients were divided into two groups according to the time from trauma to operation, this being within 4 days for Group 1 and more than 4 days for Group 2. The clinical outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, infection rates, and the time period of ventilator use and chest tube intubation.ResultAll demographics, including age, gender, and trauma severity between the two groups showed no statistical differences. The average time from trauma to operation was 5.8 days. The ventilator usage period, the hospital and ICU length of stay were longer in Group 2 (6.77 vs. 18.55, p = 0.016; 20.63 vs. 35.13, p = 0.003; 8.97 vs. 17.65, p = 0.035). The rates of positive microbial cultures in pleural effusion collected during VATS were higher in Group 2 (6.7 vs. 29.0%, p = 0.043). The Glasgow Coma Scale score for all patients improved when patients were discharged (11.74 vs. 14.10, p < 0.05).DiscussionIn this study, early VATS could be performed safely in brain hemorrhage patients without indication of surgical decompression. The clinical outcomes were much better in patients receiving early intervention within 4 days after trauma.
Against the reduction of modality to essence
Authors: Wildman Nathan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt is a truth universally acknowledged that a claim of metaphysical modality, in possession of good alethic standing, must be in want of an essentialist foundation. Or at least so say the advocates of thereductive-essence-firstview (the REF, for short), according to which all (metaphysical) modality is to be reductively defined in terms of essence. Here, I contest this bit of current wisdom. In particular, I offer two puzzles—one concerning the essences of non-compossible, complementary entities, and a second involving entities whose essences are modally ‘loaded’—that together strongly call into question the possibility of reducing modality to essence.
Crafting continuity and change in Saudi society: Joint parent‐youth transition‐to‐adulthood projects
Authors: Khalifa Hind , Alnuaim Aziza A. , Young Richard A. , Marshall Sheila K. , Popadiuk Natalee 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTLittle is known about the transition to adulthood in traditional, developing countries such as Saudi Arabia. Previous research in other countries has revealed the importance of considering parents' support during the transition to adulthood. Thus, the purpose of this research was to examine how two generations negotiated the transition to adulthood. We asked the research question, What are the joint projects in which parents and youth plan and act on their plans for the youth's future? We used the action project method, an established qualitative approach, to answer these questions by observing the joint conversations of 14 parent and youth dyads. Our results provided evidence of an overarching higher level goal, or intentional framework, of crafting generational change and continuity within which participants' joint projects were embedded. Joint projects were organized into three groups: (a) negotiating educational and career futures, (b) promoting gender roles and marriage, and (c) shaping independence.
The Aesthetic Interior as Incubator of Health and Well-Being
Authors: Hayes Richard W. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTDomestic interiors created during the Aesthetic Movement have often been interpreted in terms of the ideas of aesthetic autonomy associated with Théophile Gautier, Walter Pater and Joris-Karl Huysmans. This essay takes a different tack by analysing the aesthetic interior in light of concerns with health reform. It focuses on the writings and designs of architect E.W. Godwin (1833–86) who pursued interior design as part of an effort to foster a healthy life, one that consisted of hygiene, relief from urban stress, and an enlargement of the aesthetic responsiveness of his clients. He conceived of spare and calm interiors that were healthful alternatives to dust-infested Victorian clutter while concomitantly offering psychological respite from the ‘high-pressure, nervous times’ endemic to metropolitan life. This goal accords with Godwin's related interest in dress reform, a preoccupation that led to his participation in the Health Exhibition of 1884. By unpacking Godwin's specific contribution to the sanitary discussions that prevailed in Victorian Britain, I align the aesthetic interior with the central imperative of sanitary reform: promoting health through ameliorating Britain's urban environment.
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule overexpression regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Wang Meng-He , Sun Rui , Zhou Xiao-Min , Zhang Mei-Yin , Lu Jia-Bin , Yang Yang , Zeng Li-Si , Yang Xian-Zi , Shi Lu , Xiao Ruo-Wen , Wang Hui-Yun , Mai Shi-Juan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEpithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is known to be highly expressed in a variety of epithelial carcinomas, and it is involved in cell adhesion and proliferation. However, its expression profile and biological function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. In this study, higher expression of EpCAM was found in NPC samples compared with non-cancer nasopharyngeal mucosa by qRT-PCR. Additionally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of NPC specimens from 64 cases showed that high EpCAM expression was associated with metastasis and shorter survival. Multivariate survival analysis identified high EpCAM expression as an independent prognostic factor. Ectopic EpCAM expression in NPC cells promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), induced a cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotype, and enhanced metastasis in vitro and in vivo without an effect on cell proliferation. Notably, EpCAM overexpression reduced PTEN expression and increased the level of AKT, mTOR, p70S6K and 4EBP1 phosphorylation. Correspondingly, an AKT inhibitor and rapamycin blocked the effect of EpCAM on NPC cell invasion and stem-like phenotypes, and siRNA targeting PTEN rescued the oncogenic activities in EpCAM knockdown NPC cells. Our data demonstrate that EpCAM regulates EMT, stemness and metastasis of NPC cells via the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Short-term retinoic acid treatment sustains pluripotency and suppresses differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: De Angelis Maria Teresa , Parrotta Elvira Immacolata , Santamaria Gianluca , Cuda Giovanni 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from blastocyst and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) generated from somatic cells by ectopic expression of defined transcriptional factors, have both the ability to self-renew and to differentiate into all cell types. Here we explored the two antagonistic effects of retinoic acid (RA) on hiPSCs. Although RA has been widely described as a pharmacological agent with a critical role in initiating differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, we demonstrate that short-term RA exposure not only antagonizes cell differentiation and sustains pluripotency of hiPSCs, but it also boosts and improves their properties and characteristics. To shed light on the mechanistic insights involved in the resistance to differentiation of hiPSCs cultured in RA conditions, as well as their improved pluripotency state, we focused our attention on the Wnt pathway. Our findings show that RA inhibits the Wnt canonical pathway and positively modulates the Akt/mTOR signaling, explaining why such perturbations, under our experimental conditions, do not lead to hiPSCs differentiation. Altogether, these data uncover a novel role for RA in favouring the maintenance of ground-state pluripotency, supporting its bivalent role, dose- and time-dependent, for hiPSCs differentiation and self-renewal processes.
The mechanism of glycosphingolipid degradation revealed by a GALC-SapA complex structure
Authors: Hill Chris H. , Cook Georgia M. , Spratley Samantha J. , Fawke Stuart , Graham Stephen C. , Deane Janet E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSphingolipids are essential components of cellular membranes and defects in their synthesis or degradation cause severe human diseases. The efficient degradation of sphingolipids in the lysosome requires lipid-binding saposin proteins and hydrolytic enzymes. The glycosphingolipid galactocerebroside is the primary lipid component of the myelin sheath and is degraded by the hydrolase β-galactocerebrosidase (GALC). This enzyme requires the saposin SapA for lipid processing and defects in either of these proteins causes a severe neurodegenerative disorder, Krabbe disease. Here we present the structure of a glycosphingolipid-processing complex, revealing how SapA and GALC form a heterotetramer with an open channel connecting the enzyme active site to the SapA hydrophobic cavity. This structure defines how a soluble hydrolase can cleave the polar glycosyl headgroups of these essential lipids from their hydrophobic ceramide tails. Furthermore, the molecular details of this interaction provide an illustration for how specificity of saposin binding to hydrolases is encoded.