bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Consensus Clinical Treatment Plans for Juvenile Dermatomyositis with Persistent Skin Rash
Authors: Huber Adam M. , Kim Susan , Reed Ann M. , Carrasco Ruy , Feldman Brian M. , Hong Sandy D. , Kahn Philip , Rahimi Homaira , Robinson Angela Byun , Vehe Richard K. , Weiss Jennifer E. , Spencer Charles ,   The Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Committee of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance
Published: November 2016

Objective.Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common form of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy in children. While outcomes are generally thought to be good, persistence of skin rash is a common problem. The goal of this study was to describe the development of clinical treatment plans (CTP) for children with JDM characterized by persistent skin rash despite complete resolution of muscle involvement.Methods.The Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance, a North American consortium of pediatric rheumatologists and other healthcare providers, used a combination of Delphi surveys and nominal group consensus meetings to develop CTP that reflected consensus on typical treatments for patients with JDM with persistent skin rash.Results.Consensus was reached on patient characteristics and outcome assessment. Patients should have previously received corticosteroids and methotrexate (MTX). Three consensus treatment plans were developed. Plan A added intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) if it was not already being used. Plan B added mycophenolate mofetil, while Plan C added cyclosporine. Continuation of previous treatments, including corticosteroids, MTX, and IVIG, was permitted in plans B and C.Conclusion.Three consensus CTP were developed for use in children with JDM and persistent skin rash despite complete resolution of muscle disease. These CTP reflect typical treatment approaches and are not to be considered treatment recommendations or standard of care. Using prospective data collection and statistical methods to account for nonrandom treatment assignment, it is expected that these CTP will be used to allow treatment comparisons, and ultimately determine the best treatment for these patients.
The stories scientists tell: narrative features in the scientific article of the late seventeenth and early twenty-first centuries
Authors: Banks David 
Published: November 2016

Le but de cet article est de considérer à quel point les techniques de narration sont utilisées dans l’article de recherche scientifique. L’auteur se penche sur deux périodes historiques : la deuxième moitié du dix-septième siècle, qui a vu la naissance de l’article scientifique, et la période actuelle. Le corpus du dix-septième siècle comporte dix numéros des Philosophical Transactions pour la période 1665 à 1694. Dans ces textes, la narration correspond à l’une de quatre fonctions : Cadrage, Observation, Expérimen­tation et 3e Personne. Le corpus du vingt-et-unième siècle comporte huit articles de la Séries A et huit articles de la Séries B des Proceedings of the Royal Society pour les années 2015 et 2016. Dans ces textes, la narration correspond aussi à l’une des quatre fonctions : Niche, Aperçu, Expérimentation et Récapitulation. La Fonction d'Expérimentation est la seule d’avoir survécu d’une période à l’autre. Parmi d’autres points d’intérêt se trouve l’usage de la voix active dans la Fonction Expérimentation dans les articles de la Séries B, mais pas dans ceux de la Séries A.
Quelques pistes pour aborder la notion d’engagement dans les domaines de l’économie, de la finance et dans le monde de l’entreprise du point de vue de la recherche en anglais de spécialité
Authors: Resche Catherine 
Published: November 2016

À travers une approche transversale de la notion omniprésente d’engagement en économie, en finance et dans le monde de l’entreprise, cette étude envisage divers chemins qui s’offrent au chercheur en anglais de spécialité pour appréhender les multiples facettes de la question. Dans un premier temps, les aspects linguistiques (lexicaux, puis terminologiques et néologiques) sont abordés ; l’analyse est ensuite élargie aux aspects discursifs et narratifs et de nombreux angles d’approche (stylistique, rhétorique, pragmatique, etc.) sont tour à tour évoqués, y compris des emprunts à la démarche ethnographique et à l’approche civilisationnelle. Enfin, à travers une analyse des choix linguistiques et discursifs des acteurs des milieux spécialisés, c’est aussi sur la voie d’une meilleure compréhension des communautés et milieux spécialisés et de leur culture que le linguiste est invité à s’engager.
A Probabilistic Automatic Steady State Detection Method for the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo
Authors: Karchani A. , Ejtehadi O. , Myong R. S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe statistical error associated with sampling in the DSMC method can be categorized as type I and II, which are caused by the incorrect rejection and acceptance of the null hypothesis, respectively. In this study, robust global and local automatic steady state detection methods were developed based on an ingenious method based purely on the statistics and kinetics of particles. The key concept is built upon probabilistic automatic reset sampling (PARS) to minimize the type II error caused by incorrect acceptance of the samples that do not belong to the steady state. The global steady state method is based on a relative standard variation of collisional invariants, while the local steady state method is based on local variations in the distribution function of particles at each cell. In order to verify the capability of the new methods, two benchmark cases — the one-dimensional shear-driven Couette flow and the two-dimensional high speed flow past a vertical wall—were extensively investigated. Owing to the combined effects of the automatic detection and local reset sampling, the local steady state detection method yielded a substantial gain of 30-36% in computational cost for the problem studied. Moreover, the local reset feature outperformed the automatic detection feature in overall computational savings.
An Efficient Immersed Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann Method for the Simulation of Thermal Flow Problems
Authors: Hu Yang , Li Decai , Shu Shi , Niu Xiaodong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a diffuse-interface immersed boundary method (IBM) is proposed to treat three different thermal boundary conditions (Dirichlet, Neumann, Robin) in thermal flow problems. The novel IBM is implemented combining with the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The present algorithm enforces the three types of thermal boundary conditions at the boundary points. Concretely speaking, the IBM for the Dirichlet boundary condition is implemented using an iterative method, and its main feature is to accurately satisfy the given temperature on the boundary. The Neumann and Robin boundary conditions are implemented in IBM by distributing the jump of the heat flux on the boundary to surrounding Eulerian points, and the jump is obtained by applying the jump interface conditions in the normal and tangential directions. A simple analysis of the computational accuracy of IBM is developed. The analysis indicates that the Taylor-Green vortices problem which was used in many previous studies is not an appropriate accuracy test example. The capacity of the present thermal immersed boundary method is validated using four numerical experiments: (1) Natural convection in a cavity with a circular cylinder in the center; (2) Flows over a heated cylinder; (3) Natural convection in a concentric horizontal cylindrical annulus; (4) Sedimentation of a single isothermal cold particle in a vertical channel. The numerical results show good agreements with the data in the previous literatures.
On the Dynamics of the Weak Fréedericksz Transition for Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Aursand Peder , Napoli Gaetano , Ridder Johanna 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe propose an implicit finite-difference method to study the time evolution of the director field of a nematic liquid crystal under the influence of an electric field with weak anchoring at the boundary. The scheme allows us to study the dynamics of transitions between different director equilibrium states under varying electric field and anchoring strength. In particular, we are able to simulate the transition to excited states of odd parity, which have previously been observed in experiments, but so far only analyzed in the static case.
Reinitialization of the Level-Set Function in 3d Simulation of Moving Contact Lines
Authors: Xu Shixin , Ren Weiqing 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe level set method is one of the most successful methods for the simulation of multi-phase flows. To keep the level set function close the signed distance function, the level set function is constantly reinitialized by solving a Hamilton-Jacobi type of equation during the simulation. When the fluid interface intersects with a solid wall, a moving contact line forms and the reinitialization of the level set function requires a boundary condition in certain regions on the wall. In this work, we propose to use the dynamic contact angle, which is extended from the contact line, as the boundary condition for the reinitialization of the level set function. The reinitialization equation and the equation for the normal extension of the dynamic contact angle form a coupled system and are solved simultaneously. The extension equation is solved on the wall and it provides the boundary condition for the reinitialization equation; the level set function provides the directions along which the contact angle is extended from the contact line. The coupled system is solved using the 3rd order TVD Runge-Kutta method and the Godunov scheme. The Godunov scheme automatically identifies the regions where the angle condition needs to be imposed. The numerical method is illustrated by examples in three dimensions.
An Energy-Preserving Wavelet Collocation Method for General Multi-Symplectic Formulations of Hamiltonian PDEs
Authors: Gong Yuezheng , Wang Yushun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a novel energy-preserving wavelet collocation method for solving general multi-symplectic formulations of Hamiltonian PDEs. Based on the autocorrelation functions of Daubechies compactly supported scaling functions, the wavelet collocation method is conducted for spatial discretization. The obtained semi-discrete system is shown to be a finite-dimensional Hamiltonian system, which has an energy conservation law. Then, the average vector field method is used for time integration, which leads to an energy-preserving method for multi-symplectic Hamiltonian PDEs. The proposed method is illustrated by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the Camassa-Holm equation. Since differentiation matrix obtained by the wavelet collocation method is a cyclic matrix, we can apply Fast Fourier transform to solve equations in numerical calculation. Numerical experiments show the high accuracy, effectiveness and conservation properties of the proposed method.
An Adaptive Grid Method for Singularly Perturbed Time-Dependent Convection-Diffusion Problems
Authors: Chen Yanping , Liu Li-Bin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we study the numerical solution of singularly perturbed time-dependent convection-diffusion problems. To solve these problems, the backward Euler method is first applied to discretize the time derivative on a uniform mesh, and the classical upwind finite difference scheme is used to approximate the spatial derivative on an arbitrary nonuniform grid. Then, in order to obtain an adaptive grid for all temporal levels, we construct a positive monitor function, which is similar to the arc-length monitor function. Furthermore, the ε-uniform convergence of the fully discrete scheme is derived for the numerical solution. Finally, some numerical results are given to support our theoretical results.
Mechanics-Based Solution Verification for Porous Media Models
Authors: Shabouei M. , Nakshatrala K. B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach to verify the accuracy of computational simulations. We develop mathematical theorems which can serve as robusta posteriorierror estimation techniques to identify numerical pollution, check the performance of adaptive meshes, and verify numerical solutions. We demonstrate performance of this methodology on problems from flow thorough porous media. However, one can extend it to other models. We construct mathematical properties such that the solutions to Darcy and Darcy-Brinkman equations satisfy them. The mathematical properties include the total minimum mechanical power, minimum dissipation theorem, reciprocal relation, and maximum principle for the vorticity. All the developed theorems have firm mechanical bases and are independent of numerical methods. So, these can be utilized for solution verification of finite element, finite volume, finite difference, lattice Boltzmann methods and so forth. In particular, we show that, for a given set of boundary conditions, Darcy velocity has the minimum total mechanical power of all the kinematically admissible vector fields. We also show that a similar result holds for Darcy-Brinkman velocity. We then show for a conservative body force, the Darcy and Darcy-Brinkman velocities have the minimum total dissipation among their respective kinematically admissible vector fields. Using numerical examples, we show that the minimum dissipation and total mechanical power theorems can be utilized to identify pollution errors in numerical solutions. The solutions to Darcy and Darcy-Brinkman equations are shown to satisfy a reciprocal relation, which has the potential to identify errors in the numerical implementation of boundary conditions. It is also shown that the vorticity under both steady and transient Darcy-Brinkman equations satisfy maximum principles if the body force is conservative and the permeability is homogeneous and isotropic. A discussion on the nature of vorticity under steady and transient Darcy equations is also presented. Using several numerical examples, we will demonstrate the predictive capabilities of the proposeda posterioritechniques in assessing the accuracy of numerical solutions for a general class of problems, which could involve complex domains and general computational grids.
Usability and Workflow Evaluation of “RhEumAtic Disease activitY” (READY)
Authors: Yen Po-Yin , Lara Barbara , Lopetegui Marcelo , Bharat Aseem , Ardoin Stacy , Johnson Bernadette , Mathur Puneet , Embi Peter , Curtis Jeffrey 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackground RhEumAtic Disease activitY (READY) is a mobile health (mHealth) application that aims to create a shared platform integrating data from both patients and physicians, with a particular emphasis on arthritis disease activity.Methods We made READY available on an iPad and pilot implemented it at a rheumatology outpatient clinic. We conducted 1) a usability evaluation study to explore patients’ and physicians’ interactions with READY, and 2) a time motion study (TMS) to observe the clinical workflow before and after the implementation.Results A total of 33 patients and 15 physicians participated in the usability evaluation. We found usability problems in navigation, data entry, pain assessment, documentation, and instructions along with error messages. Despite these issues, 25 (75,76%) patients reported they liked READY. Physicians provided mixed feedback because they were concerned about the impact of READY on clinical workflow. Six physicians participated in the TMS. We observed 47 patient visits (44.72 hours) in the pre-implementation phase, and 42 patient visits (37.82 hours) in the post-implementation phase. We found that patients spent more time on READY than paper (4.39mins vs. 2.26mins), but overall, READY did not delay the workflow (pre = 52.08 mins vs. post = 45.46 mins). This time difference may be compensated with READY eliminating a workflow step for the staff.Conclusion Patients preferred READY to paper documents. Many found it easier to input information because of the larger font size and the ease of ‘tapping’ rather than writing-out or circling answers. Even though patients spent more time on READY than using paper documents, the longer usage of READY was mainly due to when troubleshooting was needed. Most patients did not have problems after receiving initial support from the staff. This study not only enabled improvements to the software but also serves as good reference for other researchers or institutional decision makers who are interested in implementing such a technology.Citation: Yen P, Lara B, Lopetegui M, Bharat A, Ardoin S, Johnson B, Mathur P, Embi P, Curtis J. Usability and workflow evaluation of “RhEumAtic Disease activitY” (READY).
El ingreso de menores con problemas de conducta en centros específicos de protección
Authors: Vázquez-Pastor Jiménez Lucía 
Published: November 2016

<p>En los últimos años se ha producido en nuestro país un aumento considerable de menores de edad que presentan graves problemas conductuales. La necesidad imperiosa de proporcionar a estos menores un contexto más estructurado socio-educativo y psicoterapéutico ha justificado que el legislador estatal contemple por primera vez recursos específicos destinados a atender sus trastornos del comportamiento. En particular, la Ley Orgánica 8/2015, de 22 de julio, regula como novedad importante el ingreso en centros de protección específicos para menores con problemas de conducta, a cuyo análisis dedicamos el presente estudio. </p>
A user-friendly earth system model of low complexity: the ESCIMO system dynamics model of global warming towards 2100
Authors: Randers Jorgen , Golüke Ulrich , Wenstøp Fred , Wenstøp Søren 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. We have made a simple system dynamics model, ESCIMO (Earth System Climate Interpretable Model), which runs on a desktop computer in seconds and is able to reproduce the main output from more complex climate models. ESCIMO represents the main causal mechanisms at work in the Earth system and is able to reproduce the broad outline of climate history from 1850 to 2015. We have run many simulations with ESCIMO to 2100 and beyond. In this paper we present the effects of introducing in 2015 six possible global policy interventions that cost around USD 1000 billion per year – around 1 % of world GDP. We tentatively conclude (a) that these policy interventions can at most reduce the global mean surface temperature – GMST – by up to 0.5 °C in 2050 and up to 1.0 °C in 2100 relative to no intervention. The exception is injection of aerosols into the stratosphere, which can reduce the GMST by more than 1.0 °C in a decade but creates other serious problems. We also conclude (b) that relatively cheap human intervention can keep global warming in this century below +2 °C relative to preindustrial times. Finally, we conclude (c) that run-away warming is unlikely to occur in this century but is likely to occur in the longer run. The ensuing warming is slow, however. In ESCIMO, it takes several hundred years to lift the GMST to +3 °C above preindustrial times through gradual self-reinforcing melting of the permafrost. We call for research to test whether more complex climate models support our tentative conclusions from ESCIMO. Editorial note: Please note that the acronym for the software model described in the ESD paper is now recognized to be culturally insensitive and inappropriate. The editors of the journal ESD, the journal owner European Geosciences Union, and the publisher Copernicus Publications foster equality, diversity, and inclusiveness in scientific exchange, and do not condone in any way racism, discrimination, or cultural appropriation. The authors did not intend to insult any ethnic groups by using the acronym for this software model.
Gedragsbestuurskunde
Authors: Jilke Sebastian , Olsen Asmus Leth , Tummers Lars , Grimmelikhuijsen Stephan 
Published: November 2016

Behavioral Public Administration
In this article we show that theories and methods from psychology are valuable for public administration scholars and practitioners. We advocate the development of an interdisciplinary approach entitled ‘Behavioral Public Administration’. It is not the intention that Behavioral Public Administration replaces traditional public administration research. It is an addition. We start with an analysis of the background of Behavioral Public Administration research via a historical overview of the work of Herbert Simon among others. After that, we demonstrate that Behavioral Public Administration can be valuable (a) to test public administration theories and refine these; (b) to encourage methodological sophistication of public administration research; and (c) to improve the interaction between science and practice. We hope that this article contributes to a fruitful conversation that leads to a scientific and practical research area where public administration scholars and psychologists work together and learn from each other.
Meer dan een nudge
Authors: Feitsma Joram 
Published: November 2016

More than a nudge: Behaviour experts in Dutch government
Policymakers are increasingly taking notice of behavioural scientific insights to improve their policies. New occupational practices, such as ‘Behavioral Insights Teams’, are emerging within government. This article explores this emergence, based on an ethnographic study on the practices of pioneering behaviour experts in Dutch central government. It argues that the work of these behavior experts is richer and more complex than standard role models, which tend to portray policymakers as direct and standalone choice architects, assume. Three key practices of behavior experts are identified: (1) choice architecture, in various forms; (2) behaviour analysis; and (3) capacity building.
Nudging: next questions
Authors: de Ridder Denise , Kroese Floor , de Vet Emely 
Published: November 2016

Nudging: next questions
Nudging is generally considered to be an innovative and promising way to steer human behavior in the desired direction without imposing any choice. The concept of nudging is derived from insights into how humans typically make decisions and is thus potentially more effective than traditional policy measures. In recognition of this promise, many experiments with nudging in several public domains such as, for example, public health are underway. We argue that next steps need to be taken to capitalize on the promise of nudging. First, more attention needs to be paid to how theoretical insights in human decision making can be translated into effective policy measures. Second, the boundary conditions of nudge effectiveness and acceptability in terms of personal goals, motivation, and awareness need to be identified. Third, it is urgent to consider the long-term effect of nudging in terms of their potential to install new routines.
Onnodige bureaucratie, hardnekkig of ongrijpbaar verschijnsel?
Authors: Kort Jelle 
Published: November 2016

Red tape, stubborn or mysterious?
Police officers’ perception of red tape depends only to a minor extent on the actual usefulness of rules and procedures. Red tape complaints rather refer to ‘rule strain’ and inadequate functioning ICT systems. Factors that can explain police officers’ perception of red tape are (a.o.) differing opinions on what police work should be like and their procedural skills. This article suggests that a constructivist approach to analyzing red tape might in general be more adequate than an objectivist approach.