bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Clostridium difficile Prevalence in Hospitals and Nursing Homes on Risk of Infection
Authors: Joyce Nina R. , Mylonakis Eleftherios , Mor Vincent 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo assess the effect of facility Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) prevalence on risk of healthcare facility (HFC) acquired CDI.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingMedicare fee‐for‐service (FFS) claims and skilled nursing facility (SNF) Minimum Data Set 3.0 assessments.ParticipantsMedicare beneficiaries with 90 days or more of no contact with a HCF before a hospital admission without a CDI diagnosis. Participants were separated into two cohorts: discharged to the community and discharged to a SNF.MeasurementsRisk of HCF‐acquired CDI associated with CDI prevalence at the index facility measured according to 30‐day rehospitalization with a discharge diagnosis of CDI or diagnosis in the SNF after admission. Hospital and SNF CDI prevalence were categorized into three groups: 0% and above and below the median value for facilities with greater than 0% prevalence.ResultsOf 817,900 eligible individuals, there were 553,423 admissions in the first cohort (discharged to the community) and 315,109 in the second (discharged to a SNF). In the first cohort, the risk of HCF‐acquired CDI was higher for individuals admitted to hospitals with CDI prevalence less than the median (relative risk (RR) = 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18–2.12) and greater than the median (RR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.91–3.45) than for those with no CDI. In the second cohort, the risk of HCF‐acquired CDI was greater for individuals admitted to a hospital (RR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.49–2.39) and a SNF (RR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.31–1.67) with CDI prevalence greater than the median.ConclusionThe risk of HCF‐acquired CDI is greater for noninfected individuals admitted to hospitals and SNFs with a high prevalence of CDI.
Gingival profiles in a select Asian cohort: A pilot study
Authors: Lee Wan Zhen , Ong Marianne M. A. , Yeo Alvin B.‐K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to determine the facial gingival profiles of teeth with a healthy periodontium in an Asian population.MethodsA total of 51 patients with a healthy periodontium were examined. Gingival thickness (GT) and gingival width (GW) were assessed at the maxillary and mandibular incisors to the first molars. GT was measured by transgingival probing (GT‐TGP), and probe visibility through the marginal gingiva (GT‐TRAN) was assessed. Results between groups (anterior and posterior, tooth types) were analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance and t‐test.ResultsThe mean age was 30.3±11.4 years, with 27 females and 24 males. The mean GT‐TGP was 1.39±52 mm, while the mean GW was 4.59±1.34 mm. Considerable intra‐individual and interindividual variation in GT (TGP and TRAN) was noted. GT increased from the anterior to posterior, and was thinnest at the mandibular centrals to the first premolars and maxillary canines. GT‐TGP and GW were influenced by tooth type, plaque, recession, and TRAN, but not age, sex, or ethnicity. GW were recorded lowest at the mandibular canines and all premolars. Thin gingiva was recorded at 63.8%‐92% (GT‐TGP<1.5 mm) and 75%‐90% (GT‐TRAN) of the anterior teeth.ConclusionA high percentage of anterior teeth had thin marginal gingiva. There was poor agreement between GT‐TGP and GT‐TRAN.
How does transportation shape intrametropolitan growth? An answer from the Regional Express Rail
Authors: Garcia‐López Miquel‐Àngel , Hémet Camille , Viladecans‐Marsal Elisabet 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes the influence of transportation infrastructure, and in particular of the Regional Express Rail (RER), on employment and population growth in the Paris metropolitan area between 1968 and 2010. In order to make proper causal inference, we rely on historical instruments and control for all other transportation modes that could be complement or substitute to the RER. Our results show that proximity to an RER station increases employment and population density and, in particular, employment and population growth. The latter effects are higher in municipalities located near RER stations and close to employment (sub)centers. They are also found to be particularly strong for jobs in the service sector, for factory workers, and for highly educated population. We find no impact of the RER expansion on employment growth during the first part of the period, while the effect on population growth appears earlier but declines over time.
The effect of low‐level laser therapy as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid levels of transforming growth factor‐beta 1, tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in smoking and non‐smoking chronic periodontitis patients: A split‐mouth, randomized control study
Authors: Pamuk F. , Lütfioğlu M. , Aydoğdu A. , Koyuncuoglu C. Z. , Cifcibasi E. , Badur O. S. 
Published: April 2017

Background and ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) on smoking and non‐smoking patients with chronic periodontitis.Material and MethodsThe study was conducted using a split‐mouth design with 30 patients with chronic periodontitis (15 smokers, 15 non‐smokers) and 30 healthy individuals matched for age, sex and smoking status as controls. Groups were constituted as follows: Cp+SRP+Sham: non‐smokers with chronic periodontitis treated with SRP; Cp+SRP+LLLT: non‐smokers with chronic periodontitis treated with SRP+LLLT; SCp+SRP+Sham: smokers with chronic periodontitis treated with SRP; SCp+SRP+LLLT: smokers with chronic periodontitis treated with SRP+LLLT; C: control group comprised of periodontally healthy non‐smokers; SC: control group comprised of periodontally healthy smokers. LLLT was first applied on the same day as SRP and again on days 2 and 7 after SRP treatment. Clinical parameters were recorded before non‐surgical periodontal treatment (baseline) and on day 30. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected before periodontal treatment (baseline) and during follow‐up visits on days 7, 14 and 30. Gingival crevicular fluid transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1) levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsAll clinical parameters showed significant reductions between baseline and day 30 following SRP treatment in both the LLLT and sham groups (P<.001). No significant differences were observed between the LLLT and sham groups of either the smokers or non‐smokers (P>.05). Gingival crevicular fluid PAI‐1 levels decreased significantly in the SCp+SRP+sham and SCp+SRP+LLLT groups (P<.05), and gingival crevicular fluid tPA levels decreased significantly in the Cp+SRP+sham, Cp+SRP+LLLT and SCp+SRP+LLLT groups (P<.05). Gingival crevicular fluid TGF‐β1 levels decreased significantly in all treatment groups (P<.05). Although no significant differences were found between the gingival crevicular fluid PAI‐1, tPA and TGF‐β1 levels of the LLLT versus sham groups (P>.05) at any of the time points measured, both LLLT groups showed significant reductions in tPA/PAI‐1 ratios over time.ConclusionWithin the limits of this study, LLLT may be understood to play a role in the modulation of periodontal tissue tPA and PAI‐1 gingival crevicular fluid levels, particularly in smoking patients with chronic periodontitis, and may thus be recommended as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal treatment.
Early Retirement across Europe. Does Non‐Standard Employment Increase Participation of Older Workers?
Authors: Been Jim , van Vliet Olaf 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn many European countries, the labor market participation of older workers is considerably lower than the labor market participation of prime‐age workers. This study examines the variation in labor market withdrawal of older workers across 13 European countries over the period 1995‐2008. We seek to contribute to the international comparative macro literature by analyzing the effects of non‐standard employment. Accounting for a number of labor market institutions, the empirical analysis leads to the conclusion that part‐time employment—and in particular voluntary part‐time employment—is negatively related to labor market withdrawal of older men. As such, the results indicate that part‐time employment functions as ‘bridge employment’ between full‐time employment and retirement. Additionally, we find that part‐time employment at older ages does not decrease the average actual hours worked. Taken together, our results show that in countries with a high prevalence of part‐time employment among older workers, the labor supply of older workers is higher both at the extensive and the intensive margin.
Donations to Political Parties: Investing Corporations and Consuming Individuals?
Authors: Fink Alexander 
Published: April 2017

SummaryWhat motivates donations to political parties? Two views prevail. Donors are perceived either as ideologically motivated consumers or as privilege‐seeking investors. To investigate differences in donor motivation between corporations and individuals, we analyze data from Germany. For the period from 1994 to 2014, we find that corporations act more like investors than individuals do. First, we test whether corporations or individuals are more inclined to give more to incumbent parties than to parties outside the governing coalition. Giving to incumbent parties whose representatives hold public offices may be more attractive for investing donors. Second, we test for differences between corporations and individuals in the relative increase in donations from non‐election years to election years. Investor donations may be more volatile than consumer donations. We find that only corporations donate more to incumbent parties and that corporations increase their party donations from non‐election years to election years more than individuals do. These differences in the behavior of corporate and individual donors provide some evidence for potentially undesirable exchanges between corporations as investors and parties. Further, the differences between individual and corporate donors tend to be more consistent for parties to the right on the political spectrum.
21st Century Maritime Power‐Politics in the Indian Ocean Region with Special Reference to the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Karim Mohd Aminul 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to project the emerging power‐relations in the maritime realm between geopolitical players in the Indian Ocean region. These power‐relations involve military shields and spears, infrastructure development, alignment–alliance relations, international trade routes, critical choke points, energy, and above all geopolitical implications. The methods followed in the paper are content analysis, case‐method, interview, observation, and so forth. The paper concludes that emerging power polarizations are visible and are gradually taking a tangible shape in the form of military–economic condominium, presumably coming from opposite directions.
Nasal high‐flow oxygen delivery in children with abnormal airways
Authors: Humphreys Susan , Rosen Derek , Housden Tessa , Taylor Julia , Schibler Andreas 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundTransnasal Humidified Rapid‐Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange has been shown to safely prolong the safe apnea time in well children post induction of anesthesia and is rapidly becoming a new standard for apneic oxygenation in adults. The same oxygenation technique is described as nasal high flow and can be used in infants and children at risk of apnea during anesthesia.AimWe investigated the use of nasal high flow oxygen delivery during anesthesia in children with abnormal airways requiring tubeless airway assessment or surgery.MethodsData and outcomes of pediatric patients receiving nasal high flow for upper airway procedures were analyzed. Four categories were defined: (i) tubeless airway surgery, (ii) flexible bronchoscopy, (iii) expected difficult airway, and (iv) comorbidity related risk of apnea. Anesthesia was induced intravenously or with sevoflurane (4–8%) and then converted to total intravenous anesthesia aiming for spontaneous ventilation. Age appropriate nasal high flow cannulae were secured with 100% oxygen delivery at weight‐related flow rates. Topicalization of the airway was achieved with lignocaine. Complication rates of desaturation requiring interruption of procedure for rescue oxygenation were recorded.ResultsTwenty children were analyzed with age range of 5 days to 11 years, ASA 1–4, and weight range 3–57 kg. Fifteen were induced with sevoflurane and 100% oxygen, five received total intravenous anesthesia only. All children received Optiflow™ nasal high flow and intravenous anesthesia during their procedure. Average SpO2 recorded was 96% with lowest SpO2 77%. One required rescue oxygenation. Median length of procedure was 32 min, (range 3–61). Most common indication was tubeless airway surgery but seven children had more than one indication.ConclusionNasal high flow can be used in spontaneously breathing children with abnormal airways for maintenance of oxygenation during anesthesia for tubeless airway procedures.
Multivisceral transplantation for abdominal tumors in children: A single center experience and review of the literature
Authors: Lee Eliza , Hodgkinson Nicole , Fawaz Rima , Vakili Khashayar , Kim Heung Bae 
Published: April 2017

AbstractStandard management of intra‐abdominal pediatric solid tumors requires complete resection. However, tumors with multiple organ and vascular involvement present a unique surgical challenge. We conducted a retrospective chart review of four patients, aged 2‐14 years, undergoing MVT for intra‐abdominal tumors with significant involvement of the visceral arteries and/or portomesenteric venous system at our institution. Indications for MVT included hepatocellular carcinoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, and two cases of hepatoblastoma. Grafts included liver, stomach, small bowel, and pancreas in all patients, with two patients also receiving spleens, and one, a partial esophageal transplant. Median hospital stay was 80 days. Postoperative complications included reoperation for abdominal hematoma and bowel obstruction, steroid responsive intestinal rejection, wound dehiscence, fungemia, seizures, and chyle leak with pleural effusion. One patient developed Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated complications which responded well to treatment. On follow‐up (range 2.8‐7.8 years), all patients have satisfactory graft function and no evidence of recurrent disease. MVT is an effective means of achieving complete gross resection of intra‐abdominal malignancies in patients with multiple organ and vascular involvement.
Why we need to know the structure of phosphorylated chloroplast light‐harvesting complex II
Authors: Allen John F. 
Published: April 2017

In oxygenic photosynthesis there are two ‘light states’ – adaptations of the photosynthetic apparatus to spectral composition that otherwise favours either photosystem I or photosystem II. In chloroplasts of green plants the transition to light state 2 depends on phosphorylation of apoproteins of a membrane‐intrinsic antenna, the chlorophyll‐a/b‐binding, light‐harvesting complex II (LHC II), and on the resulting redistribution of absorbed excitation energy from photosystem II to photosystem I. The transition to light state 1 reverses these events and requires a phospho‐LHC II phosphatase. Current structures of LHC II reveal little about possible steric effects of phosphorylation. The surface‐exposed N‐terminal domain of an LHC II polypeptide contains its phosphorylation site and is disordered in its unphosphorylated form. A molecular recognition hypothesis proposes that state transitions are a consequence of movement of LHC II between binding sites on photosystems I and II. In state 1, LHC II forms part of the antenna of photosystem II. In state 2, a unique but as yet unidentified 3‐D structure of phospho‐LHC II may attach it instead to photosystem I. One possibility is that the LHC II N‐terminus becomes ordered upon phosphorylation, adopting a local alpha‐helical secondary structure that initiates changes in LHC II tertiary and quaternary structure that sever contact with photosystem II while securing contact with photosystem I. In order to understand redistribution of absorbed excitation energy in photosynthesis we need to know the structure of LHC II in its phosphorylated form, and in its complex with photosystem I.
The Root and Nothing but the Root: Primary Compounds in Dutch
Authors: De Belder Marijke 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article is an addendum to recent contributions on the structure of compounds in root‐based frameworks, such as the Exoskeletal Model (Borer,:chap. 6, 2013b) or Distributed Morphology (Harley). It presents a subtype of Dutch primary compounds of which the nonhead is demonstrably a bare root. The nonhead of this type of compounding is fully acategorial. It does not contain categorial heads (i.e., little heads) and neither is it categorized otherwise. As such, the discussion substantiates the root hypothesis (Halle & Marantz; Borer,b,) and supports the view that the root does not need to be licensed by superstructure in order to be interpretable or realizable (see Alexiadou & Lohndal, pace Arad, Marantz, Ramchand, Starke).
Hepatitis E in Canadian blood donors
Authors: Fearon Margaret A. , O'Brien Sheila F. , Delage Gilles , Scalia Vito , Bernier France , Bigham Mark , Weger Steven , Prabhu Sneha , Andonov Anton 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a virus of emerging importance to transfusion medicine as studies on blood donors and other populations demonstrate that the prevalence of endemic cases is higher than previously recognized and the risk to vulnerable transfusion recipients is not insignificant.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe carried out an HEV prevalence study on 13,993 Canadian blood donors with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing on all donors and antibody testing on a subset of 4102 donors. HEV antibody–positive and age‐ and sex‐matched antibody‐negative donors were invited to participate in a scripted telephone interview about risk factors.RESULTSThere were no PCR‐positive samples found (95% confidence interval [CI], 0%‐0.026%). The seroprevalence of HEV in our tested population was 5.9% (95% CI, 5.16%‐6.59%). HEV antibody positivity was associated with male sex and increasing age. In case‐control analysis history of living outside Canada (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; 95% CI, 1.56‐5.32) and contact with farm animals (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.01‐2.28) were associated with HEV seropositivity.CONCLUSIONThis is the largest data set to date on HEV infection in Canada. Results suggest low lifetime exposure to HEV and that infectious donations are rare.
RETHINKING ENERGYPERFORMANCE TRADE-OFF in Mobile Web Page Loading
Authors: Bui Duc Hoang , Liu Yunxin , Kim Hyosu , Shin Insik , Zhao Feng 
Published: April 2017

Excerpted from "Rethinking Energy-Performance Trade-Off in Mobile Web Page Loading," from Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking with permission. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2790103 © ACM 2015.
Web browsers are one of the core applications on smartphones and other mobile devices, such as tablets. However, web browsing, particularly web page loading, is of high energy consumption as mobile browsers are largely optimized for performance and thus impose a significant burden on power-hungry mobile devices. With the advent of modern web capabilities, websites even become more complex and energy demanding. In the meantime, slow progress in battery technology constrains battery budget for mobile devices. As users are more aware of energy consumption of apps, it is desirable to improve the energy efficiency of web browsing, particularly web page loading.
Assessment of the ERA-Interim Winds Using High-Altitude Stratospheric Balloons
Authors: Duruisseau Fabrice , Huret Nathalie , Andral Alice , Camy-Peyret Claude 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This study focuses on the ability of ERA-Interim to represent wind variability in the middle atmosphere. The originality of the proposed approach is that wind measurements are deduced from the trajectories of zero-pressure balloons that can reach high-stratospheric altitudes. These balloons are mainly used to carry large scientific payloads. The trajectories of balloons launched above Esrange, Sweden, and Teresina, Brazil, from 2000 to 2011 were used to deduce zonal and meridional wind components (by considering the balloon as a perfect tracer at high altitude). Collected data cover several dynamical conditions associated with the winter and summer polar seasons and west and east phases of the quasi-biennial oscillation at the equator. Systematic comparisons between measurements and ERA-Interim data were performed for the two horizontal wind components, as well as wind speed and wind direction in the [100, 2]-hPa pressure range to deduce biases between the model and balloon measurements as a function of altitude.
Results show that whatever the location and the geophysical conditions considered, biases between ERA-Interim and balloon wind measurements increase as a function of altitude. The standard deviation of the model–observation wind differences can attain more than 5 m s−1 at high altitude (pressure P &lt; 20 hPa). A systematic ERA-Interim underestimation of the wind speed is observed and large biases are highlighted, especially for equatorial flights.
Multicentury Evaluation of Recovery from Strong Precipitation Deficits in California
Authors: Wahl Eugene. R. , Diaz Henry F. , Vose Russell S. , Gross Wendy S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe recent dryness in California was unprecedented in the instrumental record. This article employs spatially explicit precipitation reconstructions for California in combination with instrumental data to provide perspective on this event since 1571. The period 2012–15 stands out as particularly extreme in the southern Central Valley and south coast regions. which likely experienced unprecedented precipitation deficits over this time, apart from considerations of increasing temperatures and drought metrics that combine temperature and moisture information. Some areas lost more than two years’ average moisture delivery during these four years, and full recovery to long-term average moisture delivery could typically take up to several decades in the hardest-hit areas. These results highlight the value of the additional centuries of information provided by the paleo record, which indicates the shorter instrumental record may underestimate the statewide recovery time by over 30%. The extreme El Niño that occurred in 2015/16 ameliorated recovery in much of the northern half of the state, and since 1571 very-strong-to-extreme El Niños during the first year after a 2012–15-type event reduce statewide recovery times by approximately half. The southern part of California did not experience the high precipitation anticipated, and the multicentury analysis suggests the north-wet–south-dry pattern for such an El Niño was a low-likelihood anomaly. Recent wetness in California motivated evaluation of recovery times when the first two years are relatively wet, suggesting the state is benefiting from a one-in-five (or lower) likelihood situation: the likelihood of full recovery within two years is ~1% in the instrumental data and even lower in the reconstruction data.