bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second‐Language Reading Difficulties Among Native Chinese‐Speaking Students Learning to Read English: The Roles of Native‐ and Second‐Language Skills
Authors: Li Shifeng , Tao Sha , Joshi R. Malatesha , Xu Qinfang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe authors report two studies that examined how native‐ and second‐language skills were related to second‐language reading difficulties for native Chinese‐speaking fourth graders learning to read English. In study 1, 50 poor English readers with Chinese‐reading difficulties (the PB group) and 34 poor English readers without Chinese‐reading difficulties (the PE group) were compared with 53 typically developing controls on phonological awareness, rapid naming, and phonological memory. Results showed that both groups of poor English readers showed English phonemic awareness and rapid naming deficits in both languages and that the PB group had additional skill deficits in English onset‐rime awareness and phonological memory in both languages. In study 2, 69 poor English readers (25 in the PE group) trained on English phonological skills were compared with 43 typically developing controls before the training, right after, and one year later. Results showed that poor English readers caught up with their typically developing peers on English phonemic awareness irrespective of their Chinese‐reading status and that the PE group also caught up on English pseudoword reading and retained their gains one year later. After one year, about one third of the PE group performed comparably to their typically developing peers not only on English reading performance but also on bilingual language skills. However, the majority of the poor English readers persistently showed poor performance in English reading and phonemic awareness, as well as in Chinese and English rapid naming. Findings highlight both language‐universal and specific skill deficits contributing to second‐language reading difficulties.
Using computational fluid dynamics to improve the drag coefficient estimates for tall buildings under wind loading
Authors: de Macêdo Wahrhaftig Alexandre , da Silva Marcelo Araujo 
Published: October 2017

SummaryWind is the main horizontal force acting on tall buildings. This force is proportional to the drag coefficient. The drag coefficient is an important factor in their structural design. Designers have historically relied upon experimental wind tunnel results to estimate the drag coefficient. However, this process is both expensive and time consuming. In this study, we alternatively computed the drag coefficient (apart from the pressure, force, and bending moment) using computational fluid dynamics for a typical 93‐m‐high residential building. The simulation considers the actual building geometry, as well as the neighborhood roughness effects. We compared these results with the conventional estimates contained in the Brazilian code NBR‐6123/1988 and Eurocode EC1. The results indicated that the pressures obtained herein near the top of the building were lower compared to those obtained using conventional estimation methods given in codes. Comparatively, the obtained bending moment relative to the base of the building was higher, indicating the existence of significant drag forces not considered in codes. In fluid dynamics simulations, the drag coefficient is determined for each terrain condition. Computational fluid dynamics can effectively simulate the drag force and resultant forces in the direction of the flow, as well as the vortices that result during coating detachment and other types of damage.
Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project discovery and replication criteria for cases and controls: Data from a community‐based prospective cohort study with autopsy follow‐up
Authors: Crane Paul K. , Foroud Tatiana , Montine Thomas J. , Larson Eric B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) used different criteria for assigning case and control status from the discovery and replication phases of the project. We considered data from a community‐based prospective cohort study with autopsy follow‐up where participants could be categorized as case, control, or neither by both definitions and compared the two sets of criteria.MethodsWe used data from the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study including Diagnostic and Statistical Manual–IV criteria for dementia status, McKhann et al. criteria for clinical Alzheimer's disease, and Braak and Consortium to Establish a Registry for AD findings on neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques to categorize the 621 ACT participants of European ancestry who died and came to autopsy. We applied ADSP discovery and replication definitions to identify controls, cases, and people who were neither controls nor cases.ResultsThere was some agreement between the discovery and replication definitions. Major areas of discrepancy included the finding that only 40% of the discovery sample controls had sufficiently low levels of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques to be considered controls by the replication criteria and the finding that 16% of the replication phase cases were diagnosed with non‐AD dementia during life and thus were excluded as cases for the discovery phase.ConclusionsThese findings should inform interpretation of genetic association findings from the ADSP. Differences in genetic association findings between the two phases of the study may reflect these different phenotype definitions from the discovery and replication phase of the ADSP.
STASIS AND SLUMS: THE CHANGING TEMPORAL, SPATIAL, AND GENDERED MEANING OF ‘HOME’ IN NORTHEASTERN KENYA
Authors: BLOCH SEAN 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe conflict referred to variously as the ‘Shifta War’ or ‘gaf Daba’ took place in northeastern Kenya from 1963–8. In the hopes of containing the ‘shifta’, or guerillas, fighting against it, the Kenyan state implemented a policy of forced settlement or ‘manyattazation’. This article explores the temporal, spatial, and gendered implications of ‘manyattazation’ and its antecedents. It indicates that changes in spatial organization transformed the economic and cultural realms of northeastern Kenyans in ways that resonate into the present. Government ‘manyattas’ began primarily as trading centers, became virtual prisons during the war, and continue to be sites of conflict over the meaning of home. This article posits a local history of altered migration in which state progress is paradoxically linked to poverty and stasis, through temporal discourse.
The J-curve Association between Systolic Blood Pressure and Clinical Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke or TIA: The BOSS Study
Authors: Xie Xuewei , Xu Jie , Gu Hongqiu , Tao Yongli , Chen Pan , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe aimed to assess the association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and clinical outcome in 2,397 ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients from the Blood Pressure and Clinical Outcome in TIA or Ischemic Stroke (BOSS) study. BOSS study was a hospital-based, prospective cohort study. The SBP was defined as mean value of 90 days self-measured SBP after onset. Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to test the risk of combined vascular events (CVE) and stroke recurrence among different SBP categories. Restricted cubic splines were used to explore the shape of associations between SBP and clinical outcomes. A J-shaped association of SBP with CVE and stroke recurrence within 90 days was observed (P nonlinearity < 0.001 for both). After adjusting for age, gender, medical history, atrial fibrillation, admission NHISS score, and secondary prevention. The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of SBP <115 and ⩾165 mmHg compared with 125–134 mmHg were 3.45 (1.11–10.66) and 7.20 (2.91–17.80) for CVE, 2.68 (0.75–9.53) and 9.69 (3.86–24.35) for stroke recurrence, respectively. Similar J-shaped relationships were found after 1 year of follow-up. In conclusion, both high and low SBP are associated with poor prognosis in this population.
Pharmacological inhibition of myostatin improves skeletal muscle mass and function in a mouse model of stroke
Authors: Desgeorges Marine Maud , Devillard Xavier , Toutain Jérome , Castells Josiane , Divoux Didier , Arnould David Frédéric , Haqq Christopher , Bernaudin Myriam , Durieux Anne-Cécile , Touzani Omar , Freyssenet Damien Gilles 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn stroke patients, loss of skeletal muscle mass leads to prolonged weakness and less efficient rehabilitation. We previously showed that expression of myostatin, a master negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, was strongly increased in skeletal muscle in a mouse model of stroke. We therefore tested the hypothesis that myostatin inhibition would improve recovery of skeletal muscle mass and function after cerebral ischemia. Cerebral ischemia (45 minutes) was induced by intraluminal right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Swiss male mice were randomly assigned to Sham-operated mice (n = 10), MCAO mice receiving the vehicle (n = 15) and MCAO mice receiving an anti-myostatin PINTA745 (n = 12; subcutaneous injection of 7.5 mg.kg−1 PINTA745 immediately after surgery, 3, 7 and 10 days after MCAO). PINTA745 reduced body weight loss and improved body weight recovery after cerebral ischemia, as well as muscle strength and motor function. PINTA745 also increased muscle weight recovery 15 days after cerebral ischemia. Mechanistically, the better recovery of skeletal muscle mass in PINTA745-MCAO mice involved an increased expression of genes encoding myofibrillar proteins. Therefore, an anti-myostatin strategy can improve skeletal muscle recovery after cerebral ischemia and may thus represent an interesting strategy to combat skeletal muscle loss and weakness in stroke patients.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Xanthine Oxidoreductase Inhibitors on Haemodialysis Patients using a Marginal Structural Model
Authors: Ishii Takeo , Taguri Masataka , Tamura Kouichi , Oyama Kunio 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA lower serum uric acid (UA) level has been associated with a higher mortality rate in haemodialysis patients. We investigated the long-term confounding factors of UA and mortality, and fitted a marginal structural model (MSM) based on the causal effect of xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors (XORi). In total, 2429 patients on regular dialysis from April 2013 to March 2016 were included, and divided into quintiles by serum UA with Kaplan Meier (KM) curves and log rank analysis. Baseline characteristics were evaluated for relationships with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) using the Cox hazard model. The MSM was used to control for time-dependent confounders of the XORi treatment effect. KM curves indicated that patients in the highest UA quintile had better outcomes than those in the lowest UA quintile. UA was not correlated with all-cause mortality or CVD events in the Cox model; however, the hazard ratio (HR) for mortality was 0.96 for the baseline administration of XORi. The MSM analysis for the effect of XORi treatment on all-cause mortality revealed a HR of 0.24 (95% confidence interval: 0.15-0.38) in all cohorts. These results suggest that XORi improved all-cause mortality in end-stage renal disease, irrespective of the serum UA level.
Structure based biophysical characterization of the PROPPIN Atg18 shows Atg18 oligomerization upon membrane binding
Authors: Scacioc Andreea , Schmidt Carla , Hofmann Tommy , Urlaub Henning , Kühnel Karin , Pérez-Lara Ángel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPROPPINs (β-propellers that bind polyphosphoinositides) are PtdIns3P and PtdIns(3,5)P2 binding autophagy related proteins. They contain two phosphatidylinositolphosphate (PIP) binding sites and a conserved FRRG motif is essential for PIP binding. Here we present the 2.0 Å resolution crystal structure of the PROPPIN Atg18 from Pichia angusta. We designed cysteine mutants for labelling with the fluorescence dyes to probe the distances of the mutants to the membrane. These measurements support a model for PROPPIN-membrane binding, where the PROPPIN sits in a perpendicular or slightly tilted orientation on the membrane. Stopped-flow measurements suggest that initial PROPPIN-membrane binding is driven by non-specific PIP interactions. The FRRG motif then retains the protein in the membrane by binding two PIP molecules as evident by a lower dissociation rate for Atg18 in comparison with its PIP binding deficient FTTG mutant. We demonstrate that the amine-specific cross-linker Bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate (BS3), which is used for protein-protein cross-linking can also be applied for cross-linking proteins and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Cross-linking experiments with liposome bound Atg18 yielded several PE cross-linked peptides. We also observed intermolecular cross-linked peptides, which indicated Atg18 oligomerization. FRET-based stopped-flow measurements revealed that Atg18 rapidly oligomerizes upon membrane binding while it is mainly monomeric in solution.
Hydration number: crucial role in nuclear magnetic relaxivity of Gd(III) chelate-based nanoparticles
Authors: Zairov Rustem , Khakimullina Gulshat , Podyachev Sergey , Nizameev Irek , Safiullin Georgy , Amirov Rustem , Vomiero Alberto , Mustafina Asiya 
Published: October 2017

AbstractToday, nanostructure-based contrast agents (CA) are emerging in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Their sensitivity is reported as greatly improved in comparison to commercially used chelate-based ones. The present work is aimed at revealing the factors governing the efficiency of longitudinal magnetic relaxivity (r1) in aqueous colloids of core-shell Gd(III)-based nanoparticles. We report for the first time on hydration number (q) of gadolinium(III) as a substantial factor in controlling r1 values of polyelectrolyte-stabilized nanoparticles built from water insoluble complexes of Gd(III). The use of specific complex structure enables to reveal the impact of the inner-sphere hydration number on both r1 values for the Gd(III)-based nanoparticles and the photophysical properties of their luminescent Tb(III) and Eu(III) counterparts. The low hydration of TTA-based Gd(III) complexes (q ≈ 1) agrees well with the poor relaxivity values (r1 = 2.82 mM−1s−1 and r2 = 3.95 mM−1s−1), while these values tend to increase substantially (r1 = 12.41 mM−1s−1, r2 = 14.36 mM−1s−1) for aqueous Gd(III)-based colloids, when macrocyclic 1,3-diketonate is applied as the ligand (q ≈ 3). The regularities obtained in this work are fundamental in understanding the efficiency of MRI probes in the fast growing field of nanoparticulate contrast agents.
Digital reconstruction of the Ceprano calvarium (Italy), and implications for its interpretation
Authors: Di Vincenzo Fabio , Profico Antonio , Bernardini Federico , Cerroni Vittorio , Dreossi Diego , Schlager Stefan , Zaio Paola , Benazzi Stefano , Biddittu Italo , Rubini Mauro , Tuniz Claudio , Manzi Giorgio 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Ceprano calvarium was discovered in fragments on March 1994 near the town of Ceprano in southern Latium (Italy), embedded in Middle Pleistocene layers. After reconstruction, its morphological features suggests that the specimen belongs to an archaic variant of H. heidelbergensis, representing a proxy for the last common ancestor of the diverging clades that respectively led to H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens. Unfortunately, the calvarium was taphonomically damaged. The postero-lateral vault, in particular, appears deformed and this postmortem damage may have influenced previous interpretations. Specifically, there is a depression on the fragmented left parietal, while the right cranial wall is warped and angulated. This deformation affected the shape of the occipital squama, producing an inclination of the transverse occipital torus. In this paper, after X-ray microtomography (μCT) of both the calvarium and several additional fragments, we analyze consistency and pattern of the taphonomic deformation that affected the specimen, before the computer-assisted retrodeformation has been performed; this has also provided the opportunity to reappraise early attempts at restoration. As a result, we offer a revised interpretation for the Ceprano calvarium’s original shape, now free from the previous uncertainties, along with insight for its complex depositional and taphonomic history.
Factors controlling throughfall in a Pinus tabulaeformis forest in North China
Authors: Wei Xi , Bi Huaxing , Liang Wenjun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe factors that control throughfall in Pinus tabulaeformis plantations were investigated using linear and curve analyses based on direct measurements of rainfall, throughfall and stemflow from 36 rainfall events. The results showed the following: (1) there was significant spatial heterogeneity in throughfall rates in P. tabulaeformis plots; (2) the throughfall rate increased with increasing rainfall; and (3) the rate of increase gradually decreased. When rainfall reached approximately 25 mm, the throughfall rate stabilized. The coefficient of variation of the throughfall rate decreased with increasing rainfall, with a peak at approximately 10 mm of rainfall. The coefficient of variation of throughfall stabilized at 20%, and the coefficient of variation of the throughfall rate stabilized at 17%. A linear regression equation (R2 = 0.76) was derived by fitting the P. tabulaeformis average diameter at breast height (DBH), average tree height, average branch height, stand density, canopy thickness, canopy density, and the rainfall and throughfall rate. A highly positive correlation was found between the throughfall rate, canopy density, rainfall class and tree height (P < 0.01). By establishing a quadratic response surface model of the stand structure indicators and the throughfall rate, R2 was increased to 0.85 (P < 0.01). The quadratic regression analysis demonstrated a highly positive correlation between throughfall rate, canopy density and rainfall class.
Internet-Based Self-Help for Ménière's Disease: Details and Outcome of a Single-Group Open Trial
Authors: Pyykkő Ilmari , Manchaiah Vinaya , Kentala Erna , Levo Hilla , Juhola Martti 
Published: October 2017

PurposeIn this article, we present the details and the pilot outcome of an Internet-based self-help program for Ménière's disease (MD).MethodThe Norton–Kaplan model is applied to construct a strategic, person-focused approach in the enablement process. The program assesses the disorder profile and diagnosis. In the therapeutic component of the program, the participant defines vision and time frame, inspects confounding factors, determines goals, establishes a strategy, and starts to work on the important problems caused by the disorder. The program works interactively, utilizes collaboration with significant others, and enhances positive thinking. Participants took part in an Internet-based self-help program. Data were collected interactively using open-ended and structured questionnaires on various disease-specific and general health aspects. The pilot outcome of 41 patients with MD was evaluated.ResultsThe analysis of the pilot data showed statistically significant improvement in their general health-related quality of life (p< .001). Also, the outcome of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (Cann et al., 2010) showed small to moderate change as a result of the intervention.ConclusionsThe Internet-based self-help program can be helpful in the rehabilitation of patients with MD to supplement medical therapy.
An Investigation of College Students' Knowledge of Stuttering
Authors: Shollenbarger Amy , Terry Nichole , Akbari Christina 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
This study explored college students' basic knowledge of stuttering.

Method
One hundred eighty college students were interviewed to assess their knowledge of stuttering. Participant responses were coded for core stuttering behaviors and etiology of stuttering. Participants also were asked if they knew someone who stuttered and if they were interested in learning more about stuttering.

Results
Repetitions were the most frequently described core behavior of stuttering. The majority of participants reported either that they did not know what caused stuttering, or that it was caused by nervousness. Most participants stated that they would like to know more about stuttering. Knowing a person who stuttered did not translate into knowing more about stuttering.

Conclusion
College students do not exhibit adequate knowledge about the causes or characteristics of stuttering.
Hearing Preservation Cochlear Implants: A Review of Potential Mechanisms of Hearing Loss After Implantation
Authors: Kelly Conor , Reiss Lina A. J. 
Published: October 2017

Hearing preservation cochlear implants (CIs) are specifically designed to preserve residual low-frequency acoustic hearing for use together with electrically stimulated high-frequency hearing. This combined electro-acoustic stimulation (EAS) provides a promising treatment option for patients with severe high-frequency hearing loss, but with some residual low-frequency hearing, and has been shown to improve speech perception, especially in background noise, music perception, and sound source localization. Thus, preservation of residual hearing should be a priority in treatment.Although residual low-frequency hearing is successfully preserved to varying degrees in many patients, some patients experience a loss of residual hearing following implantation. A wide range of potential causes of, or contributors to, loss of residual hearing in EAS CI users have been proposed. In this paper, we review the evidence for several of the proposed causes of hearing loss with EAS CI. We conclude that its etiology is likely a multifactorial, heterogeneous phenomenon. Furthermore, we suggest that studies to further elucidate effects of ischemia on lateral wall function and maintenance of endocochlear potential in the context of EAS CI implantation and use are needed.
Ambulante Anästhesie: Regionalanästhesie im ambulanten Bereich
Authors: Krier Andreas , Karst Jörg 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungAusgewählte Regionalanästhesieverfahren sind für den ambulant tätigen Anästhesisten eine attraktive Alternative zu Analgosedierung und Narkose – und dies bei hoher Patientenzufriedenheit und seltenen Komplikationen. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich den organisatorischen und hygienischen Anforderungen, die es dabei zu beachten gilt. Des Weiteren gehen die Autoren auf einzelne Verfahren und ihre Anwendung in unterschiedlichen Körperregionen näher ein.
Ambulante Anästhesie: Grenzen und Möglichkeiten
Authors: Hofer Harald , Vescia Frank 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungAmbulante Operationen werden künftig zunehmend nachgefragt werden – Ursachen sind u. a. die alternde Bevölkerung und die finanzielle Lage der Krankenkassen. Der Beitrag geht ausführlich auf Begleiterkrankungen ein, bei denen die Entscheidung ambulant oder stationär sorgfältig abgewogen werden muss. Darüber hinaus nimmt er die betriebs- und volkswirtschaftlichen Grenzen und Möglichkeiten des ambulanten Operierens unter die Lupe.