bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nomogram for Predicting Cardiovascular Mortality in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: An Observational Study
Authors: Xia Xi , Zhao Chen , Luo Qimei , Zhou Qian , Lin Zhenchuan , Guo Xiaobo , Wang Xueqin , Lin Jianxiong , Yang Xiao , Yu Xueqing , Huang Fengxian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCardiovascular mortality risk is high for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients but it varies considerably among individuals. There is no clinical tool to predict cardiovascular mortality for PD patients yet. Therefore, we developed a cardiovascular mortality risk nomogram in a PD patient cohort. We derived and internally validated the nomogram in incident adult PD patients randomly assigned to a training (N = 918) or a validation (N = 460) dataset. The nomogram was built using the LASSO Cox regression model. Increasing age, history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes were consistent predictors of cardiovascular mortality. Low hemoglobin and serum albumin, high hypersensitive C-reactive protein and decreasing 24 hours urine output were identified as non-traditional cardiovascular risk predictors. In the validation dataset, the above nomogram performed good discrimination (1 year c-statistic = 0.83; 3 year c-statistic = 0.78) and calibration. This tool can classify patients between those at high risk of cardiovascular mortality (high-risk group) and those of low risk (low-risk group). Cardiovascular mortality was significantly different in the internal validation set of patients for the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group (HR 3.77, 2.14–6.64; p < 0.001). This novel nomogram can accurately predict cardiovascular mortality risk in incident PD patients.
Ernährungsempfehlungen beim metabolisch-vaskulären Syndrom
Authors: Lechner Katharina , Erickson Nicole , Lechner Benjamin , Horn Florian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death globally. Poor diet constitutes a key factor in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease and has become the leading risk factor for disability and death worldwide. Therefore, addressing suboptimal nutrition is of key prognostic relevance in primary and secondary prevention of metabolic vascular syndrome.Metabolic vascular syndrome is a multidimensional network of acquired cardiometabolic risk factors closely related to insulin resistance (IR) and concomitant hyperinsulinemia. IR, being the underlying cause of metabolic vascular syndrome and certain types of cancer, should attract the attention of every clinician. As changes in lipoprotein metabolism are one of the earliest indicators of metabolic dysfunction, a relevant biomarker for identifying individuals with IR is the TAG/HDL-C ratio.IR – and concomitant metabolic vascular risk – can be effectively treated by lifestyle intervention. If IR is present, dietary carbohydrate restriction has consistently been shown to be superior to dietary fat restriction in reversing metabolic dysfunction. The beneficial effects of carbohydrate restricted diets on metabolic vascular risk are independent of BMI – diet quality therefore confers patient benefit beyond weight reduction.The effect of single nutrients on isolated lipid surrogate markers such as LDL-C does not capture their global effect on metabolic vascular risk.Targeting IR with a low glycemic load, real food diet will reduce overall energy density and will improve all risk factors of metabolic vascular syndrome. In particular, replacing refined carbohydrates with healthy fats in the context of a Mediterranean style-, low carbohydrate and calorie-unrestricted dietary pattern has been shown to significantly reduce burden of metabolic vascular disease.
Biomarker in der Diagnostik, Therapie und Prognose infektiöser Lungenerkrankungen
Authors: Unnewehr M. , Kolditz M. , Windisch W. , Schaaf B. 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungBiomarker spielen eine bedeutende Rolle im Management infektiöser Lungenerkrankungen, wenngleich bisher nur ansatzweise gezeigt werden konnte, dass biomarkergestützte Therapien klinischen Strategien überlegen sind. Etablierte Indikationen für die Verwendung von Biomarkern sind die Steuerung der antibiotischen Therapiedauer der ambulant erworbenen Pneumonie (CAP) über PCT, die Entscheidung gegen Antibiotika im ambulanten Bereich über CRP oder PCT sowie die Verlaufsevaluation der CAP aus der Kinetik von CRP oder PCT. Für die Prognosebeurteilung der CAP stehen die Standard-Biomarker der akuten Organdysfunktion wie z. B. Leukozyten- und Thrombozytenzahl, Kreatinin/Harnstoff sowie Laktat in Zusammenschau mit der Klinik im Vordergrund. Das MR-pro-ADM könnte die Diagnostik in Zukunft weiter bereichern. Ein völlig neuartiges und zukünftig vielsprechendes Konzept ist die genetische Transkriptomanalyse.
Optische Kohärenztomografie in der Neurologie – Methodik und Anwendung in Forschung und Klinik
Authors: Zimmermann Hanna , Brandt Alexander , Paul Friedemann 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDie hochauflösende optische Kohärenztomografie (OCT) als nicht-invasives und rasch anwendbares bildgebendes Verfahren zur Untersuchung und Quantifizierung neuro-axonalen Schadens an der Netzhaut hat in den letzten Jahren zunehmend Eingang in die klinische Forschung inclusive interventioneller Studien in der Neurologie, v. a. auf dem Gebiet entzündlicher Erkrankungen, gefunden. Aktuell ist die OCT in der Lage, die Schädigung bzw. Veränderung verschiedener Netzhautschichten (z. B. der Nervenfaserschicht, der Ganglionzellschicht oder der inneren Körnerschicht) bei zahlreichen neurologischen Erkrankungen wie Optikusneuritis, Multiple Sklerose, Neuromyelitis optica, Susac-Syndrom aber auch primär neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen wie M. Parkinson, M. Alzheimer oder spinozerebellären Ataxien darzustellen. In vielen Fällen konnte eine gute Korrelation zwischen mit der OCT quantifizierter struktureller Netzhautschädigung und funktionellen visuellen Beeinträchtigungen inclusive der visuellen Lebensqualität gezeigt werden, was die klinische Relevanz der OCT-Befunde unterstreicht. Ob diese neue bildgebende Technologie Eingang in die klinische Routine-Diagnostik finden wird und für die Diagnostik und Verlaufsbeurteilung individueller Patienten geeignet ist, wird aktuell intensiv erforscht. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Grundzüge der OCT-Technologie und die wichtigsten OCT-Befunde in Assoziation mit funktionellen Visusbefunden mit einem Schwerpunkt auf den entzündlichen Erkrankungen, für die bislang die meisten Daten vorliegen. Schließlich wird der mögliche zukünftige Einsatz in klinischen Studien und der klinischen Routine diskutiert.
Schwerer hämorrhagischer Schock bei einem 93-jährigen Patienten nach diagnostischer Pleurapunktion
Authors: Rupprecht H. , Dormann H. , Gaab K. 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungEine Verletzung der Interkostalgefäße bei einer Pleurapunktion ist eine seltene iatrogene Komplikation und betrifft vor allem geriatrisches Patientengut. Wir berichten über das Notfallmanagement bei einem 93-jährigen Patienten mit schwerem hämorrhagischen Schock nach einer diagnostischen Pleurapunktion.
SICKO. Development of a Multi-Disciplinary Training-Concept for Paediatric Oncology
Authors: Tiroke Petra , Sänger Birte , Mücke Urs , Berndt Lea , Wittenbecher Henrike , Grigull Lorenz 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background Treating children with cancer requires multiple different skills. For the healthcare personnel (HCP) in Germany the practice of ongoing training to improve professional skills is almost non-existent. Therefore, we developed a programme called ‘SICKO’ to support HCPs skills and attitudes by means of a multidisciplinary workshop.
Methods Following a qualitative analysis, we then designed a modular (3 day) workshop. During day one (8 h) participants learn practical skills, the fundamentals of chemotherapy, and effective communication skills. Workshop day 2 (8 h) includes education regarding the complications of cancer therapy (e. g. tumour-lysis syndrome, delayed methotrexate excretion), and their management. Topics during day 3 (8 h) include ‘breaking bad news’, conflict management in the team, infusion-related complications and ‘crew resource management’ (CRM).
Results 43 nurses and 33 physicians participated between 2013 and 2015. All participants highly recommend the workshop. Participants felt that knowledge increased significantly after workshops and were more confident regarding challenging communications.
Discussion/Conclusions Although long-term effects have not yet been evaluated, ‘SICKO’ offers the opportunity for HCP to train and experience simulated day-to-day challenges in the field of paediatric oncology.
Validity and Reliability of the Apple Watch for Measuring Heart Rate During Exercise
Authors: Khushhal Alaa , Nichols Simon , Evans Will , Gleadall-Siddall Damien , Page Richard , O'Doherty Alasdair , Carroll Sean , Ingle Lee , Abt Grant 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe examined the validity and reliability of the Apple Watch heart rate sensor during and in recovery from exercise. Twenty-one males completed treadmill exercise while wearing two Apple Watches (left and right wrists) and a Polar S810i monitor (criterion). Exercise involved 5-min bouts of walking, jogging, and running at speeds of 4 km.h−1, 7 km.h−1, and 10 km.h−1, followed by 11 min of rest between bouts. At all exercise intensities the mean bias was trivial. There were very good correlations with the criterion during walking (L: r=0.97; R: r=0.97), but good (L: r=0.93; R: r=0.92) and poor/good (L: r=0.81; R: r=0.86) correlations during jogging and running. Standardised typical error of the estimate was small, moderate, and moderate to large. There were good correlations following walking, but poor correlations following jogging and running. The percentage of heart rates recorded reduced with increasing intensity but increased over time. Intra-device standardised typical errors decreased with intensity. Inter-device standardised typical errors were small to moderate with very good to nearly perfect intraclass correlations. The Apple Watch heart rate sensor has very good validity during walking but validity decreases with increasing intensity.
In silico evidence for sequence-dependent nucleosome sliding
Authors: Lequieu Joshua , Schwartz David C. , de Pablo Juan J. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
The dynamic compaction of DNA into chromatin is essential for gene expression. Errors during compaction are associated with numerous diseases. Several molecular factors are known to affect chromatin dynamics, but their relative importance and the interplay between them are poorly understood. A detailed molecular model is used here to examine chromatin dynamics at the level of its most fundamental building block, namely the nucleosome. Nucleosome dynamics are demonstrated to be encoded in the DNA sequence itself, and key fundamental factors are uncovered that can significantly alter these dynamics at the molecular level. The results serve to complete a hitherto unavailable description of nucleosome dynamics by introducing previously unappreciated molecular processes, with the potential to influence macroscopic chromatin structure and genetics.
Marine environmental impacts of power-desalination plants in Kuwait
Authors: Al-Dousari Ahmad , Al-Ghadban Abdul Nabi , Sturchio Neil C. 
Published: October 2017

Kuwait's Ministry of Electricity and Water is planning to supplement the existing electric power generation capacity in the country by constructing new Combined-Cycle Gas-Turbine Stations at Shuaiba North Power Station and Subiya Power Station in order to meet the increasing power demand. The plans also include installation of a Multistage Flash Distillation Plant for seawater desalination at Shuaiba to increase Kuwait's supply of potable water.
Construction of these new facilities will impact the environment, and so therefore needed to be carefully assessed before the planned work could go ahead. Thus, the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research conducted an environmental impact assessment for these sites, as per the guidelines of Kuwait's Environment Public Authority. The environmental impact assessment was performed in three parts: air, marine, and hydraulics, by separate multidisciplinary teams that conducted field surveys, took measurements, collected and analyzed samples, and in some cases, carried out predictive numerical modeling studies of the potential impact of plant operations on the surrounding environment. These studies took into account the impact of the already existing, as well as the planned, power generation and desalination facilities. This paper summarizes the final results of the marine environmental impact assessment, including the results of the hydraulic surveys and modeling studies.
Seasonal variability of surface phytoplankton in the Northern South China Sea: A one-dimensional coupled physical-biogeochemical modeling study
Authors: Geng Bingxu , Li Shiyu , Wang Dongxiao , Hu Jiatang , Luo Lin , Wang Siying 
Published: October 2017

The South China Sea is an oligotrophic marginal sea located in the tropical-subtropical Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Under the influences of monsoon winds, both the physical and biogeochemical processes exhibit distinct seasonal variability in the upper waters. In order to study the seasonal variations of surface phytoplankton, a one-dimensional coupled physical-biogeochemical model was developed and applied to the deep basins of the Northern South China Sea, away from the coastal upwelling regions. Forced under real-time surface monsoon winds and heat flux, the model reproduced the mixed layer depth, sea surface temperature and surface chlorophyll-a compared with satellite observations and previous reported values. In seasonal mean, the mixed layer depth was highest in winter (∼61.62 m) and lowest in spring (∼12.07 m). The sea surface temperature was lowest (∼25.05°C) in winter and highest (∼29.20°C) in summer. Furthermore, conspicuous phytoplankton blooms occurred in winter with the highest chlorophyll-a concentration up to ∼0.21 mg m−3. In other seasons, the concentration remained relatively low, especially in summer (∼0.05 mg m−3). The spatial distributions of phytoplankton were closely related with patterns of surface nutrient availability, as well as mixed layer depth and sea surface temperature. These relationships indicate that surface phytoplankton primary production was mainly controlled by nutrient availability, which was dominated by vertical turbulent diffusion in the deep basin of the northern Sea which is away from the coastal upwelling regions. Overall, our model results indicated that the seasonal variability of surface phytoplankton was modulated by coupled effects of physical and biogeochemical processes in the Northern South China Sea.
Marine biodiversity and resource management – what is the link?
Authors: Staples Derek J. , Hermes Rudolf 
Published: October 2017

Marine biodiversity refers to the variation of life at all levels and is much more than just a count of species. Marine biodiversity decline is occurring across the globe and is characterized not only by extinctions (sometimes local), but also by invasions and hybridizations, reductions in the abundance of some species, degradation of habitats and changes in ecosystem processes (e.g. cycling of water, nutrients and energy).
The major threats and causes of marine diversity can be categorized as (i) unsustainable resource use, (ii) land-based impacts, (iii) coastal and marine pollution, (iv) introduced invasive species and (v) climate change. All these pose major risks in tropical seas where the high biodiversity in the past has allowed the tropical ecosystems to provide more services with less variability than more temperate systems.
There is a strong link between better resource management and better biodiversity outcomes. With the introduction and acceptance of the concept of sustainable development, a way was opened up to ensure that human development did not impact irreversibly on the physical environment, thereby preserving biodiversity for future generation so that they could also enjoy the services that healthy ecosystems can provide. Along with the concept came a range of “approaches,” many of which developed in parallel by different sectors and disciplines. Because they were all developed to promote sustainable development there is considerable agreement on principles and management tools. This article proposes a course of action through an ecosystem approach for planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation that better integrates both ecosystem and sector management tools for more integrated management.
There have been so many failures and biodiversity continues to decline. Several reasons for these failures are grouped under four pillars that are considered essential for successful resource management. These are: (i) enabling policy/legislative environment, (ii) good governance and institutions, (iii) full participation and (iv) adequate resources-people and finances to implement the management system. The use of large marine ecosystem management, exemplified by the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project, is put forward as an approach that can address some of the issues that jeopardize success.
Application of satellite multi-sensor techniques to detect upwellings and potential fishing grounds in Wakatobi Marine National Park, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Tadjuddah Muslim , Mustafa Ahmad , Pangerang Utama K. , Yasidi Farid 
Published: October 2017

Information about Yellowfin Tuna fishing grounds is needed to develop the capture fisheries sector, which could be obtained through satellite multi-sensor mapping techniques. Fishermen often have difficulty determining where the fish are and when they can be caught in abundance. Knowing this information would sufficiently reduce operating costs. Mapping the fishing ground of Yellowfin Tuna would also avoid overfishing due to the concentration of fishing boats in one particular location, thus allowing the operation to be more effective and efficient.
The long-term aim of this research is to improve the welfare of fishermen in the Wakatobi district, Southeast Sulawesi, while the short-term goal is to map the fishing ground of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) with the application of multi-sensor satellite technology to detect upwellings. The benefits of this research are cost savings for the fishermen and providing a reference for the arrangement of management strategies of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) for sustainablity and continuity.
This study indicated that the average sea surface temperature in the west was 29.79°C, in the west-east an average of 29.70°C, in the east an average of 27.40°C and the east-west an average of 29.13°C. Chlorophyll-a in both the west and the west-east averaged 0.15 mg m−3, in the east 0.27 mg m−3 and in the east-west 0.21 mg m−3. High temperatues started in December and continued until February in the Wakatobi region, which moved from west to east.
Low temperature moved from east to west from June until August. Fronts occured arround Kaledupa and Koromaha reef in December, January and February, as well as in March, April and May around Kaledupa reef and Runduma Island. In June, July, August, September, October and November fronts were observed around Kapota reef, Kaledupa reef, Koromaha reef and Koka reef. Upwelling occured in Kapota reef, Kaledupa reef and Koka reef in June, and in July and August around Runduma Island, Kapota reef, and Kaledupa reef. Furthermore, upwelling in Kapota reef, Wangi-wangi Island, and Kaledupa reef was observed in September.
Effects of water levels and water level regulation on the supply of suitable spawning habitat for eight fish guilds in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario
Authors: Gertzen E. L. , Doka S. E. , Minns C. K. , Moore J. E. , Bakelaar C. 
Published: October 2017

Lake Ontario water levels are regulated under the International Joint Commission's Order of Approval. We assessed the availability of spawning habitat for eight fish guilds (grouped by vegetation and spawning temperature preferences) that use nearshore habitat in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario, under regulated and pre-project water level scenarios. Our model used habitat characteristics of depth, substrate, vegetation cover and temperature across 14,876 habitat units and guild-based habitat suitabilities to assess the weighted suitable area (WSA) available for spawning. During the modelled 1951–2000 period, regulated water levels were on average 0.25 m lower than pre-project levels and varied about half as much. Overall, the large and shallow upper bay within the Bay of Quinte benefited from pre-project flows whereas the smaller and deeper lower bay benefited from regulated flows. Higher variance in water levels increased highly suitable wetland area and higher mean water levels increased the availability of shallow flooded area in the upper and middle bays, where the bathymetry is gradually sloping. The number of days over which WSA was available was generally greater for high temperature guilds, and appeared to decrease when temperature mismatches occurred in a season. Results emphasize the complexity of the relationship between fish habitat supply and water level regime.
Benthic foodweb of a salt marsh in an artificial lagoon, central Japan
Authors: Kon Koetsu , Hoshino Yukihiro , Kanou Kouki , Okazaki Daisuke , Nakayama Satoko , Kohno Hiroshi 
Published: October 2017

Salt marsh rehabilitations have been carried out globally, with the goal of recovering structural characteristics such as diversity or abundance. Functional properties (e.g. foodwebs) are also important but less is known about the effects of rehabilitation on such factors. We investigated the benthic foodweb in a reconstructed salt marsh, which consisted of marsh vegetation and mudflats, in the artificial Shinhama Lagoon, at the head of Tokyo Bay, central Japan. We used stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis to assess the contributions of primary producers (marsh plants, phytoplankton, microphytobenthos and macroalgae) as nutrient sources for benthic invertebrates in vegetated and unvegetated habitats. Phytoplankton contributed to approximately 27% of the diet of benthic invertebrates and was thus the highest contributor in both habitats. In addition, marsh plants contributed about 24% of the diet of the invertebrates in vegetated habitats, and microphytobenthos contributed around 22% of the diet in unvegetated habitats. These findings are consistent with those obtained from other intact salt marshes, suggesting that the artificial Shinhama Lagoon has evolved into a natural system in terms of the benthic foodweb approximately 30 years after reconstruction. Results indicate that functional properties can be recovered by marsh restoration, and that future rehabilitation programmes should aim to recover whole ecosystems, i.e. both structural characteristics and functional properties.