bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trophic niche separation that facilitates co‐existence of high and low microbial abundance sponges is revealed by in situ study of carbon and nitrogen fluxes
Authors: Morganti T. , Coma R. , Yahel G. , Ribes M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSponges are commonly divided into high (HMA) and low (LMA) microbial‐abundance species according to the bacterial biomass in their tissue. These two groups reflect distinct aquiferous structures and feeding strategies. In the NW Mediterranean coralligenous community, HMA and LMA sponges are often packed in dense, multispecies assemblages that cover many pinnacles and overhangs. We investigated the metabolism of HMA and LMA species that cohabitate the coralligenous community by sampling in situ the inhaled and exhaled water. Sponges consumed plankton, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and ammonium in relation to their abundance in ambient water. The plankton retention efficiency was high for all species. DOC was the main source of C for the sponge species, accounting for ∼ 90% of the examined sources. Nitrogen fluxes markedly differed between the two groups: plankton was the main source of nitrogen for LMAs that excreted dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and ammonium. The nitrogenous waste products of LMAs were found to be the major source of nitrogen (up to 97%) for HMAs that efficiently removed DON and ammonium and excreted nitrate. The different capacity of both sponge strategies to use dissolved resources suggests a partial trophic niche separation related to HMA‐LMA dichotomy as a mechanism facilitating their dense co‐existence in the community. Our findings suggest that a mixed assemblage of sponges (and their associated microbes) is able to utilize the suspended particulate and dissolved material more efficiently than a single species population and may contribute to the understanding of the phenomena of the stability and diversity of dense sponge assemblages in oligotrophic habitats.
Metal‐Free Poly‐Cycloaddition of Activated Azide and Alkynes toward Multifunctional Polytriazoles: Aggregation‐Induced Emission, Explosive Detection, Fluorescent Patterning, and Light Refraction
Authors: Wu Yongwei , He Benzhao , Quan Changyun , Zheng Chao , Deng Haiqin , Hu Rongrong , Zhao Zujin , Huang Fei , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: May 2017

The metal‐free click polymerization (MFCP) of activated alkynes and azides or activated azide and alkynes have been developed into powerful techniques for the construction of polytriazoles without the obsession of metallic catalyst residues problem. However, the MFCP of activated azides and alkynes is rarely applied in preparation of functional polytriazoles. In this paper, soluble multifunctional polytriazoles (PIa and PIb) with high weight‐average molecular weights (Mw up to 32 000) are prepared via the developed metal‐free poly‐cycloaddition of activated azide and alkynes in high yields (up to 90%). The resultant PIa and PIb are thermally stable, and show aggregation‐induced emission characteristics, enabling their aggregates to detect explosives with superamplification effect. Moreover, thanks to their containing aromatic rings and polar moieties, PIa and PIb exhibit high refractive indices. In addition, they can also be cross‐linked upon UV irradiation to generate 2D fluorescent patterning due to their remaining azide groups and containing ester groups. Thus, these multifunctional polytriazoles are potentially applicable in the optoelectronic and sensing fields.
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An Open‐Circuit Voltage and Power Conversion Efficiency Study of Fullerene Ternary Organic Solar Cells Based on Oligomer/Oligomer and Oligomer/Polymer
Authors: Zhang Guichuan , Zhou Cheng , Sun Chen , Jia Xiaoe , Xu Baomin , Ying Lei , Huang Fei , Cao Yong 
Published: May 2017

Variations in the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of ternary organic solar cells are systematically investigated. The initial study of these devices consists of two electron‐donating oligomers, S2 (two units) and S7 (seven units), and the electron‐accepting [6,6]‐phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) and reveals that the Voc is continuously tunable due to the changing energy of the charge transfer state (Ect) of the active layers. Further investigation suggests that Voc is also continuously tunable upon change in Ect in a ternary blend system that consists of S2 and its corresponding polymer (P11):PC71BM. It is interesting to note that higher power conversion efficiencies can be obtained for both S2:S7:PC71BM and S2:P11:PC71BM ternary systems compared with their binary systems, which can be ascribed to an improved Voc due to the higher Ect and an improved fill factor due to the improved film morphology upon the incorporation of S2. These findings provide a new guideline for the future design of conjugated polymers for achieving higher performance of ternary organic solar cells.
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Consideration of difficulties and exit strategies in a case of face allotransplantation resulting in failure
Authors: Özkan Özlenen , Özkan Ömer , Doğan Umuttan , Yılmaz Vural Taner , Uysal Hilmi , Ündar Levent , Doğan Ebru Apaydın , Salim Ozan , Çinpolat Anı , Ramazanoglu Atilla 
Published: May 2017

We describe the first rescue procedure in a case of total face allotransplantation. The recipient was a 54‐year‐old man with severe disfigurement of the entire face following an accidental gunshot injury 5 years previously. The large defect included the maxilla, mandible, and mid‐face. Full face procurement was performed from a multiorgan cadaveric donor and was allotransplanted to the recipient. The post‐transplant induction immunosuppressive regimen included ATG combined with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone, while maintenance was provided by the last three of these. Although the early postoperative period was uneventful, squamous cell carcinoma developed in the upper and lower extremities in the fifth postoperative month, and post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) occurred in the sixth month postoperatively. Malignancies were treated, involving both surgical and medical approaches. The patient developed opportunistic pulmonary and cerebellar aspergillosis. In order to reduce the adverse affects and metabolic and immunological load, the transplanted face was removed and replaced with a free flap. Although the early postoperative period was promising, with the transferred flap surviving totally and all vital signs and general status appearing to be improving, the patient was eventually lost due to complicated infectious and metabolic events. Although this case was unsuccessful, we suggest that the immunological and metabolic load should be reduced as soon as stable medical conditions are established in case of diagnosis of a situation involving a high rate of mortality, such as PTLD and untreatable opportunistic infections. This should include withdrawal of all immunosuppressive drugs and removal of all allotransplanted tissues.
Disclosure of industry payments to prescribers: industry payments might be a factor impacting generic drug prescribing
Authors: Qian Jingjing , Hansen Richard A. , Surry Daniel , Howard Jennifer , Kiptanui Zippora , Harris Ilene 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposePharmaceutical companies paid at least $3.91bn to prescribers in 2013, yet evidence indicating whether industry payments shift prescribing away from generics is limited. This study examined the association between amount of industry payments to prescribers and generic drug prescribing rates among Medicare Part D prescribers.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was conducted among 770 095 Medicare Part D prescribers after linking the 2013 national Open Payments data with 2013 Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment data. The exposure variable was the categorized amount of total industry payments to prescribers (i.e., meals, travel, research, and ownership). The outcome was prescriber's annual generic drug prescribing rate. Multivariable generalized linear regression models were used to examine the association between the amount of industry payments and prescriber's annual generic drug prescribing rates, controlling for prescriber's demographic and practice characteristics.ResultsIn this sample, over one‐third (38.0%) of Medicare Part D prescribers received industry payments in 2013. The mean annual generic drug prescribing rate was highest among prescribers receiving no payments and lowest among those receiving more than $500 of industry payments (77.5% vs. 71.3%, respectively; p < 0.001). The receipt of industry payments was independently associated with prescribers' generic drug prescribing rate; higher payments corresponded with lower generic drug prescribing rates. Other prescriber characteristics associated with higher annual generic drug prescribing rate included male sex, non‐northeast region, specialty, and patient volume.ConclusionsReceipt of industry payments was associated with a decreased rate of generic drug prescribing. How this affects patient care and total medical costs warrants further study. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Law enforcement‐derived data on gabapentin diversion and misuse, 2002‐2015: diversion rates and qualitative research findings
Authors: Buttram Mance E. , Kurtz Steven P. , Dart Richard C. , Margolin Zachary R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeRecent limited epidemiologic and case reports suggest that gabapentin is being misused, especially among prescription opioid misusers. However, no apparent studies have reported data from law enforcement on the diversion and misuse of gabapentin.MethodsCase report data are drawn from a quarterly survey of prescription drug diversion completed by a national sample of law enforcement and regulatory agencies who engage in drug diversion investigations. Rates of gabapentin diversion per 100 000 population were calculated for each quarter from 2002 through 2015. Qualitative data are drawn from a brief questionnaire completed by a subsample of survey respondents and were organized and presented by theme.ResultsIn total, 407 new cases of diverted gabapentin were reported during the time period, with diversion rates steadily increasing from zero cases in the first 2 quarters of 2002 to a high of 0.027 cases per 100 000 population in the fourth quarter of 2015. Qualitative data suggest that gabapentin is being misused in conjunction with prescription opioids and that gabapentin and heroin are being combined and consumed together. Law enforcement reporters found these drug use trends to be contributing to gabapentin diversion.ConclusionsThe recent increase in gabapentin diversion appears to be related to the opioid epidemic, based on law enforcement descriptions of gabapentin being misused in combination with opioids. Yet epidemiological data related to this finding is limited and research conducted among gabapentin misusers is needed to understand this problem in more depth. Greater monitoring of gabapentin abuse and diversion appear warranted.
Exploring the expression bar code of SAA variants for gastric cancer detection
Authors: Wu Deng‐Chyang , Wang Kai‐Yi , Wang Sophie S.W. , Huang Ching‐Min , Lee Yi‐Wei , Chen Michael Isaac , Chuang Szu‐An , Chen Shu‐Hua , Lu Ying‐Wei , Lin Chun‐Cheng , Lee Ka‐Wo , Hsu Wen‐Hung , Wu Kun‐Pin , Chen Yu‐Ju 
Published: May 2017

We reported an integrated platform to explore serum protein variant pattern in cancer and its utility as a new class of biomarker panel for diagnosis. On the model study of serum amyloid A (SAA), we employed nanoprobe‐based affinity mass spectrometry for enrichment, identification and quantitation of SAA variants from serum of 105 gastric cancer patients in comparison with 54 gastritis patients, 54 controls, and 120 patients from other cancer. The result revealed surprisingly heterogeneous and most comprehensive SAA bar code to date, which comprises 24 SAA variants including SAA1‐ and SAA2‐encoded products, polymorphic isoforms, N‐terminal–truncated forms, and three novel SAA oxidized isotypes, in which the variant‐specific peptide sequence were also confirmed by LC‐MS/MS. A diagnostic model was developed for dimension reduction and computational classification of the 24 SAA‐variant bar code, providing good discrimination (AUC = 0.85 ± 3.2E−3) for differentiating gastric cancer group from gastritis and normal groups (sensitivity, 0.76; specificity, 0.81) and was validated with external validation cohort (sensitivity, 0.71; specificity, 0.74). Our platform not only shed light on the occurrence and modification extent of under‐represented serum protein variants in cancer, but also suggested a new concept of diagnostic platform by serum protein variant profile.
Small airway function before and after cold dry air challenge in pediatric asthma patients during remission
Authors: Steinbacher Michael , Pfleger Andreas , Schwantzer Gerold , Jauk Stefanie , Weinhandl Elisabeth , Eber Ernst 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe wanted to compare cold dry air challenge (CACh) induced changes in spirometric parameters with changes in nitrogen multiple breath washout (N2MBW) parameters in pediatric asthma patients during clinical remission over the past year (ie, with “inactive asthma”). As N2MBW assesses ventilation heterogeneity we expected to gain detailed information about peripheral airways contribution.MethodsIn subjects with normal spirometry N2MBW, spirometry and body plethysmography were performed at baseline, after CACh, and after salbutamol inhalation. An initial measurement of the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was conducted.ResultsForty‐three (20 female) subjects, mean age 13.7 years (range 6.5‐18.6) performed reproducible N2MBW measurements. Ten were tested hyperresponsive (23.3%) and 33 normoresponsive (76.7%). Baseline spirometry and body plethysmography as well as FRC (N2MBW) were similar in both groups. Scond (0.031 vs 0.022), Sacin (0.057 vs 0.067), and FeNO (92.0 vs 28.5 ppb) were not statistically different between hyperresponsive and nomoresponsive subjects at baseline. Subjects with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) showed significant increases in lung clearance index (LCI, P = 0.011) and Scond (P = 0.008) after CACh, and significant decreases after salbutamol (LCI: P = 0.005; Scond: P = 0.005). In contrast, normoresponsive subjects showed no relevant changes after CACh, and only a decrease of Scond after salbutamol (P = 0.007). There were significant correlations between the CACh induced changes in FEV1 and changes in LCI (r = −0.45, P = 0.003), Scond (r = −0.30, P = 0.047), and Sacin (r = −0.47, P = 0.008), respectively.ConclusionOur study provides evidence of small airway involvement in children and adolescents with inactive asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness.
Role of N‐glycosylation in EGFR ectodomain ligand binding
Authors: Azimzadeh Irani Maryam , Kannan Srinivasaraghavan , Verma Chandra 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase protein, overexpressed in several cancers. The extracellular domain of EGFR is known to be heavily glycosylated. Growth factor (mostly epidermal growth factor or EGF) binding activates EGFR. This occurs by inducing the transition from the autoinhibited tethered conformation to an extended conformation of the monomeric form of EGFR and by stabilizing the flexible preformed dimer. Activated EGFR adopts a back‐to‐back dimeric conformation after binding of another homologous receptor to its extracellular domain as the dimeric partner. Several antibodies inhibit EGFR by targeting the growth factor binding site or the dimeric interfaces. Glycosylation has been shown to be important for modulating the stability and function of EGFR. Here, atomistic MD simulations show that N‐glycosylation of the EGFR extracellular domain plays critical roles in the binding of growth factors, monoclonal antibodies, and the dimeric partners to the monomeric EGFR extracellular domain. N‐glycosylation results in the formation of several noncovalent interactions between the glycans and EGFR extracellular domain near the EGF binding site. This stabilizes the growth factor binding site, resulting in stronger interactions (electrostatic) between the growth factor and EGFR. N‐glycosylation also helps maintain the dimeric interface and plays distinct roles in binding of antibodies to spatially separated epitopes of the EGFR extracellular domain. Analysis of SNP data suggests the possibility of altered glycosylation with functional consequences. Proteins 2017; 85:1529–1549. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prediction of protein mutation effects based on dehydration and hydrogen bonding – A large‐scale study
Authors: Schomburg Karen T. , Nittinger Eva , Meyder Agnes , Bietz Stefan , Schneider Nadine , Lange Gudrun , Klein Robert , Rarey Matthias 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTReliable computational prediction of protein side chain conformations and the energetic impact of amino acid mutations are the key aspects for the optimization of biotechnologically relevant enzymatic reactions using structure‐based design. By improving the protein stability, higher yields can be achieved. In addition, tuning the substrate selectivity of an enzymatic reaction by directed mutagenesis can lead to higher turnover rates. This work presents a novel approach to predict the conformation of a side chain mutation along with the energetic effect on the protein structure. The HYDE scoring concept applied here describes the molecular interactions primarily by evaluating the effect of dehydration and hydrogen bonding on molecular structures in aqueous solution. Here, we evaluate its capability of side‐chain conformation prediction in classic remutation experiments. Furthermore, we present a new data set for evaluating “cross‐mutations,” a new experiment that resembles real‐world application scenarios more closely. This data set consists of protein pairs with up to five point mutations. Thus, structural changes are attributed to point mutations only. In the cross‐mutation experiment, the original protein structure is mutated with the aim to predict the structure of the side chain as in the paired mutated structure. The comparison of side chain conformation prediction (“remutation”) showed that the performance of HYDEprotein is qualitatively comparable to state‐of‐the art methods. The ability of HYDEprotein to predict the energetic effect of a mutation is evaluated in the third experiment. Herein, the effect on protein stability is predicted correctly in 70% of the evaluated cases. Proteins 2017; 85:1550–1566. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intensive herbicide use has selected for constitutively elevated levels of stress‐responsive mRNAs and proteins in multiple herbicide‐resistant Avena fatua L
Authors: Keith Barbara K , Burns Erin E , Bothner Brian , Carey Charles C , Mazurie Aurélien J , Hilmer Jonathan K , Biyiklioglu Sezgi , Budak Hikmet , Dyer William E 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIntensive use of herbicides has led to the evolution of two multiple herbicide‐resistant (MHR) Avena fatua (wild oat) populations in Montana that are resistant to members of all selective herbicide families available for A. fatua control in US small grain crops. We used transcriptome and proteome surveys to compare constitutive changes in MHR and herbicide‐susceptible (HS) plants associated with non‐target site resistance.RESULTSCompared to HS plants, MHR plants contained constitutively elevated levels of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with functions in xenobiotic catabolism, stress response, redox maintenance and transcriptional regulation that are similar to abiotic stress‐tolerant phenotypes. Proteome comparisons identified similarly elevated proteins including biosynthetic and multifunctional enzymes in MHR plants. Of 25 DEGs validated by RT‐qPCR assay, differential regulation of 21 co‐segregated with flucarbazone‐sodium herbicide resistance in F3 families, and a subset of 10 of these were induced or repressed in herbicide‐treated HS plants.CONCLUSIONAlthough the individual and collective contributions of these DEGs and proteins to MHR remain to be determined, our results support the idea that intensive herbicide use has selected for MHR populations with altered, constitutively regulated patterns of gene expression that are similar to those in abiotic stress‐tolerant plants. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Low doses of glyphosate enhance growth, CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration in sugarcane and eucalyptus
Authors: Nascentes Renan F , Carbonari Caio A , Simões Plinio S , Brunelli Marcela C , Velini Edivaldo D , Duke Stephen O 
Published: May 2017

AbstractINTRODUCTIONSublethal doses of herbicides can enhance plant growth and stimulate other process, an effect known as hormesis. The magnitude of hormesis is dependent on the plant species, the herbicide and its dose, plant development stage and environmental parameters. Glyphosate hormesis is well established, but relatively little is known of the mechanism of this phenomenon. The objective of this study was to determine if low doses of glyphosate that cause growth stimulation in sugarcane and eucalyptus concomitantly stimulate CO2 assimilation.RESULTSShoot dry weight in both species increased at both 40 and 60 days after application of 6.2 to 20.2 g a.e. ha−1 glyphosate. The level of enhanced shoot dry weight was 11 to 37%, depending on the time after treatment and the species. Concomitantly, CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration were increased by glyphosate doses similar to those that caused growth increases.CONCLUSIONGlyphosate applied at low doses increased the dry weight of sugarcane and eucalyptus plants in all experiments. This hormetic effect was related to low dose effects on CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, indicating that low glyphosate doses enhance photosynthesis of plants. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Acute toxicity of five pesticides to Apis mellifera larvae reared in vitro
Authors: Dai Pingli , Jack Cameron J , Mortensen Ashley N , Ellis James D 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe reported high loss rates of managed honey bee colonies have been attributed to diverse stressors including pesticides. Honey bee larvae can be exposed to pesticides in contaminated nectar, pollen and wax. Due to the difficulties of rearing larvae in vitro, research focusing on adult bee exposure to pesticides is more common than that on larva exposure to pesticides. Herein, we aimed to assess the acute toxicity of five insecticides to honey bee larvae using an improved in vitro rearing method.RESULTSLC50 and LD50 were calculated for larvae at 72 h following a single diet exposure administered when the larvae were 84 ± 12 h old. Solvent control larval mortalities were less than 15% at 72 h. The LC50 values (mg L−1) for each tested pesticide were as follows: amitraz, 494.27; chlorpyrifos, 15.39; coumaphos, 90.01; fluvalinate, 27.69; and imidacloprid, 138.84. The LD50 values in µg per larva were 14.83 (amitraz), 0.46 (chlorpyrifos), 2.70 (coumaphos), 0.83 (fluvalinate) and 4.17 (imidacloprid).CONCLUSIONThe toxicity of the test pesticides to honey bee larvae from most to least toxic was chlorpyrifos > fluvalinate > coumaphos = imidacloprid > amitraz. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry