bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HELMUT LACHENMANN'S SALUT FÜR CAUDWELL: AN ANALYSIS
Authors: Dyer Mark 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis analysis of Helmut Lachenmann's Salut für Caudwell (1977) for guitar duet is intended to add to the small amount of English literature that directly examines Lachenmann's music. A description of Salut's construction is offered, decrypting the extended techniques employed and outlining the work's formal design. The concept of ‘musical ruins’, namely degenerative yet familiar material, is deployed as a means to discuss specific moments of the music, and it will be demonstrated that moments of ‘musical ruin’ are inherently linked to aspects of instrumental technique as well as the musical form, making them critical to the reception of Salut. Other analyses of Lachenmann's work are used as methodological models and comparisons, providing a framework within which to examine unfamiliar musical territory, and placing Salut within the repertory of Lachenmann's more thoroughly documented music.
Ecosystem services and food security: assessing inequality at community, household and individual scales
Authors: GOLDEN CHRISTOPHER D. , GUPTA A. CLARE , VAITLA BAPU , MYERS SAMUEL S. 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYWildlife populations provide harvestable meat to people and contribute to local food security. Throughout the year, and particularly at times of agricultural food shortages, wildlife and other wild foods play a critical role in supporting food security and enhancing local human nutrition. We explored the distribution of food security benefits of agricultural food production and a particular ecosystem provisioning service – wildlife harvest in the Makira Natural Park (MNP) of Madagascar – at community, household and individual levels. We found strong variation in wildlife consumption both among communities and among households and less variation among individuals within households. Mean household wildlife consumption in the target community was 10 kg per year ranging by approximately two orders of magnitude, with poorer and more food insecure households more reliant on wildlife for food. Meats (including wildlife) appeared to be evenly distributed within households, unaffected by age, sex, birth order and body weight, while other foods (including stew, rice and other staples) appeared to be allocated based on body mass. Reductions in wildlife consumption cause increased risk of food insecurity and specific nutritional deficiencies. The findings from our multilevel study suggest that disaggregated analysis that merges ecosystem services theory and the microeconomics of resource allocation allows for a more accurate valuation approach.
Supplemental plan offerings and retirement saving choices: an analysis of North Carolina school districts
Authors: CLARK ROBERT L. , HANSON EMMA , MORRILL MELINDA SANDLER , PATHAK ADITI 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUnlike private sector employers, public school districts generally offer more than one type of supplemental retirement savings plan and allow multiple vendors to offer products. Using individual-level payroll data from over half of the public school districts in North Carolina coupled with data from an employer survey, this study examines how inter-district differences in supplemental plan administration are related to participation in these savings vehicles. We find wide variation in total participation rates and in 403(b) plan participation rates in particular, even among this population of public-sector workers with the same defined benefit pension plan, health plan, and retiree health coverage. Individual and district characteristics explain some, but not all, of the variation observed.
Cross Cultural Indicators of Independent Learning in Young Children: A Jordanian Case
Authors: Almeqdad Qais , Al-Hamouri Firas , Zghoul Rafe’a A. , Al-Rousan Ayoub , Whitebread David 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study attempts to explore the level of Independent Learning (IL) amongst a sample of Jordanian preschoolers. Behaviors of sixty preschool children aged 5–6 years old were observed and rated by their teachers against an Arabic version of the Children’s Independent Learning Development (CHILD 3–5) observational instrument to explore the independent learning among young children according to their gender, engagement level, parental education and the size of their families. The results illustrated that preschoolers may show some aspects of behaviors particularly those related to pro-social and cognitive areas. It also indicated that children from high educated environments demonstrated IL behaviors more than those coming from low educated environments. Finally, children coming from larger family size showed less IL behaviors than those coming from smaller ones. Results and implications are discussed.
Efficient hydrogen evolution in transition metal dichalcogenides via a simple one-step hydrazine reaction
Authors: Cummins Dustin R. , Martinez Ulises , Sherehiy Andriy , Kappera Rajesh , Martinez-Garcia Alejandro , Schulze Roland K. , Jasinski Jacek , Zhang Jing , Gupta Ram K. , Lou Jun , Chhowalla Manish , Sumanasekera Gamini , Mohite Aditya D. , Sunkara Mahendra K. , Gupta Gautam 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHydrogen evolution reaction is catalysed efficiently with precious metals, such as platinum; however, transition metal dichalcogenides have recently emerged as a promising class of materials for electrocatalysis, but these materials still have low activity and durability when compared with precious metals. Here we report a simple one-step scalable approach, where MoOx/MoS2 core-shell nanowires and molybdenum disulfide sheets are exposed to dilute aqueous hydrazine at room temperature, which results in marked improvement in electrocatalytic performance. The nanowires exhibit ∼100 mV improvement in overpotential following exposure to dilute hydrazine, while also showing a 10-fold increase in current density and a significant change in Tafel slope. In situ electrical, gate-dependent measurements and spectroscopic investigations reveal that hydrazine acts as an electron dopant in molybdenum disulfide, increasing its conductivity, while also reducing the MoOx core in the core-shell nanowires, which leads to improved electrocatalytic performance.
Integrated catalysis opens new arylation pathways via regiodivergent enzymatic C–H activation
Authors: Latham Jonathan , Henry Jean-Marc , Sharif Humera H. , Menon Binuraj R. K. , Shepherd Sarah A. , Greaney Michael F. , Micklefield Jason 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDespite major recent advances in C–H activation, discrimination between two similar, unactivated C–H positions is beyond the scope of current chemocatalytic methods. Here we demonstrate that integration of regioselective halogenase enzymes with Pd-catalysed cross-coupling chemistry, in one-pot reactions, successfully addresses this problem for the indole heterocycle. The resultant ‘chemobio-transformation’ delivers a range of functionally diverse arylated products that are impossible to access using separate enzymatic or chemocatalytic C–H activation, under mild, aqueous conditions. This use of different biocatalysts to select different C–H positions contrasts with the prevailing substrate-control approach to the area, and presents opportunities for new pathways in C–H activation chemistry. The issues of enzyme and transition metal compatibility are overcome through membrane compartmentalization, with the optimized process requiring no intermediate work-up or purification steps.
The availability of novelty sweets within high school localities
Authors: Aljawad A. , Morgan M. Z. , Rees J. S. , Fairchild R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundReducing sugar consumption is a primary focus of current global public health policy. Achieving 5% of total energy from free sugars will be difficult acknowledging the concentration of free sugars in sugar sweetened beverages, confectionery and as hidden sugars in many savoury items. The expansion of the novelty sweet market in the UK has significant implications for children and young adults as they contribute to dental caries, dental erosion and obesity.ObjectiveTo identify the most available types of novelty sweets within the high school fringe in Cardiff, UK and to assess their price range and where and how they were displayed in shops.Subjects and methodsShops within a ten minute walking distance around five purposively selected high schools in the Cardiff aea representing different levels of deprivation were visited. Shops in Cardiff city centre and three supermarkets were also visited to identify the most commonly available novelty sweets.ResultsThe ten most popular novelty sweets identified in these scoping visits were (in descending order): Brain Licker, Push Pop, Juicy Drop, Lickedy Lips, Big Baby Pop, Vimto candy spray, Toxic Waste, Tango candy spray, Brain Blasterz Bitz and Mega Mouth candy spray. Novelty sweets were located on low shelves which were accessible to all age-groups in 73% (14 out of 19) of the shops. Novelty sweets were displayed in the checkout area in 37% (seven out of 19) shops. The price of the top ten novelty sweets ranged from 39p to £1.ConclusionA wide range of acidic and sugary novelty sweets were easily accessible and priced within pocket money range. Those personnel involved in delivering dental and wider health education or health promotion need to be aware of recent developments in children's confectionery. The potential effects of these novelty sweets on both general and dental health require further investigation.
Nearby grandmother enhances calf survival and reproduction in Asian elephants
Authors: Lahdenperä Mirkka , Mar Khyne U. , Lummaa Virpi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUsually animals reproduce into old age, but a few species such as humans and killer whales can live decades after their last reproduction. The grandmother hypothesis proposes that such life-history evolved through older females switching to invest in their existing (grand)offspring, thereby increasing their inclusive fitness and selection for post-reproductive lifespan. However, positive grandmother effects are also found in non-menopausal taxa, but evidence of their associated fitness effects is rare and only a few tests of the hypothesis in such species exist. Here we investigate the grandmother effects in Asian elephants. Using a multigenerational demographic dataset on semi-captive elephants in Myanmar, we found that grandcalves from young mothers (<20 years) had 8 times lower mortality risk if the grandmother resided with her grandcalf compared to grandmothers residing elsewhere. Resident grandmothers also decreased their daughters’ inter-birth intervals by one year. In contrast to the hypothesis predictions, the grandmother’s own reproductive status did not modify such grandmother benefits. That elephant grandmothers increased their inclusive fitness by enhancing their daughter’s reproductive rate and success irrespective of their own reproductive status suggests that fitness-enhancing grandmaternal effects are widespread and challenge the view that grandmother effects alone select for menopause coupled with long post-reproductive lifespan.
Down-regulated and Commonly mutated ALPK1 in Lung and Colorectal Cancers
Authors: Liao Hsien-Feng , Lee Hsien-Hsiung , Chang Ya-Sian , Lin Chia-Li , Liu Ting-Yuan , Chen Yu-Chia , Yen Ju-Chen , Lee Ya-Ting , Lin Chien-Yu , Wu Shih-Hsiung , Ko Ying-Chin , Chang Jan-Gowth 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe ALPK1 gene located in the 4q25 region encodes a newly explored protein kinase which could phosphorylate the amino acid of a domain full of α-helices. Recently, several studies have indicated that the expression of ALPK1 is related to inflammation and various diseases; therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the expression of ALPK1 has an influence on tumorigenesis and to further scrutinize its gene polymorphism in order to better understand its clinical importance. In lung and colorectal cancer tissues, the ALPK1 RNA level of the normal part was higher than that of the tumor part using the RT-qPCR analysis. Moreover, differences in HRM melting curves could effectively separate the known mutation sites and be used to identify the two novel variants that might cause the bio-dysfunctions of ALPK1 found in silico predictions. Additionally, in both Lovo colorectal and A549 lung cancer cells with enhanced and depleted expression of ALPK1, the encoded ALPK1 could exert its activity on cell migration without interfering with cell viability. Taken together, these findings suggested that ALPK1 might play a vital role in cancer development and that the newly explored SNPs are found in a Taiwanese cohort.
Barrier inhomogeneities limited current and 1/f noise transport in GaN based nanoscale Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Heilmann M. , Latzel Michael , Kapoor Raman , Sharma Intu , Göbelt M. , Christiansen Silke H. , Kumar Vikram , Singh Rajendra 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe electrical behaviour of Schottky barrier diodes realized on vertically standing individual GaN nanorods and array of nanorods is investigated. The Schottky diodes on individual nanorod show highest barrier height in comparison with large area diodes on nanorods array and epitaxial film which is in contrast with previously published work. The discrepancy between the electrical behaviour of nanoscale Schottky diodes and large area diodes is explained using cathodoluminescence measurements, surface potential analysis using Kelvin probe force microscopy and 1ow frequency noise measurements. The noise measurements on large area diodes on nanorods array and epitaxial film suggest the presence of barrier inhomogeneities at the metal/semiconductor interface which deviate the noise spectra from Lorentzian to 1/f type. These barrier inhomogeneities in large area diodes resulted in reduced barrier height whereas due to the limited role of barrier inhomogeneities in individual nanorod based Schottky diode, a higher barrier height is obtained.
Nanoscale arrays of antimony telluride single crystals by selective chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Huang Ruomeng , Benjamin Sophie L. , Gurnani Chitra , Wang Yudong , Hector Andrew L. , Levason William , Reid Gillian , De Groot C. H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractArrays of individual single nanocrystals of Sb2Te3 have been formed using selective chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from a single source precursor. Crystals are self-assembled reproducibly in confined spaces of 100 nm diameter with pitch down to 500 nm. The distribution of crystallite sizes across the arrays is very narrow (standard deviation of 15%) and is affected by both the hole diameter and the array pitch. The preferred growth of the crystals in the <1 1 0> orientation along the diagonal of the square holes strongly indicates that the diffusion of adatoms results in a near thermodynamic equilibrium growth mechanism of the nuclei. A clear relationship between electrical resistivity and selectivity is established across a range of metal selenides and tellurides, showing that conductive materials result in more selective growth and suggesting that electron donation is of critical importance for selective deposition.
Screening of saponins and sapogenins from Medicago species as potential PPARγ agonists and X-ray structure of the complex PPARγ/caulophyllogenin
Authors: Montanari Roberta , Capelli Davide , Tava Aldo , Galli Andrea , Laghezza Antonio , Tortorella Paolo , Loiodice Fulvio , Pochetti Giorgio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA series of saponins and sapogenins from Medicago species were tested for their ability to bind and activate the nuclear receptor PPARγ by SPR experiments and transactivation assay, respectively. The SPR analysis proved to be a very powerful and fast technique for screening a large number of compounds for their affinity to PPARγ and selecting the better candidates for further studies. Based on the obtained results, the sapogenin caulophyllogenin was proved to be a partial agonist towards PPARγ and the X-ray structure of its complex with PPARγ was also solved, in order to investigate the binding mode in the ligand binding domain of the nuclear receptor. This is the first known crystal structure of a sapogenin directly interacting with PPARγ. Another compound of the series, the echinocistic acid, showed antagonist activity towards PPARγ, a property that could be useful to inhibit the adipocyte differentiation which is a typical adverse effect of PPARγ agonists. This study confirms the interest on saponins and sapogenins as a valuable natural resource exploitable in the medical and food industry for ameliorating the metabolic syndrome.
The role of macrocyclic compounds in the extraction and possible separation of platinum and rhodium from chloride solutions
Authors: Jyothi Rajesh Kumar , Lee Jin-Young 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMacrocyclic compounds (crown ethers), specifically 18-crown-6 (18-C-6), benzo-15-crown-5 (B-15-C-5), di-benzo-18-crown-6 (DB-18-C-6) and di-cyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DC-18C-6), are used as extractants as well as synergists with amine-group extractants. Platinum and rhodium belong to platinum-group metals (PGMs) and have very similar ionic radii and similar properties. The separation of PGMs is most useful for the preparation of functional materials. Macrocyclic compounds are tested for platinum and rhodium separation and are found to achieve marginal separation. Amines (used as extractants) are paired with macrocyclic compounds (used as synergists), and the separation factor between platinum and rhodium is increased with synergistic enhancement from a chloride solution. The present study discusses extraction chemistry, separation factors and the synergy between platinum and rhodium from chloride solutions. To ensure accurate data, the aqueous samples in this study are analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES).
Optical communication beyond orbital angular momentum
Authors: Trichili Abderrahmen , Rosales-Guzmán Carmelo , Dudley Angela , Ndagano Bienvenu , Ben Salem Amine , Zghal Mourad , Forbes Andrew 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMode division multiplexing (MDM) is mooted as a technology to address future bandwidth issues and has been successfully demonstrated in free space using spatial modes with orbital angular momentum (OAM). To further increase the data transmission rate, more degrees of freedom are required to form a densely packed mode space. Here we move beyond OAM and demonstrate multiplexing and demultiplexing using both the radial and azimuthal degrees of freedom. We achieve this with a holographic approach that allows over 100 modes to be encoded on a single hologram, across a wide wavelength range, in a wavelength independent manner. Our results offer a new tool that will prove useful in realizing higher bit rates for next generation optical networks.
Targeting MCL-1/BCL-XL Forestalls the Acquisition of Resistance to ABT-199 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Lin Kevin H. , Winter Peter S. , Xie Abigail , Roth Cullen , Martz Colin A. , Stein Elizabeth M. , Anderson Gray R. , Tingley Jennifer P. , Wood Kris C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractABT-199, a potent and selective small-molecule antagonist of BCL-2, is being clinically vetted as pharmacotherapy for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, given that prolonged monotherapy tends to beget resistance, we sought to investigate the means by which resistance to ABT-199 might arise in AML and the extent to which those mechanisms might be preempted. Here we used a pathway-activating genetic screen to nominate MCL-1 and BCL-XL as potential nodes of resistance. We then characterized a panel of ABT-199-resistant myeloid leukemia cell lines derived through chronic exposure to ABT-199 and found that acquired drug resistance is indeed driven by the upregulation of MCL-1 and BCL-XL. By targeting MCL-1 and BCL-XL, resistant AML cell lines could be resensitized to ABT-199. Further, preemptively targeting MCL-1 and/or BCL-XL alongside administration of ABT-199 was capable of delaying or forestalling the acquisition of drug resistance. Collectively, these data suggest that in AML, (1) the selection of initial therapy dynamically templates the landscape of acquired resistance via modulation of MCL-1/BCL-XL and (2) appropriate selection of initial therapy may delay or altogether forestall the acquisition of resistance to ABT-199.
Color calibration and fusion of lens-free and mobile-phone microscopy images for high-resolution and accurate color reproduction
Authors: Zhang Yibo , Wu Yichen , Zhang Yun , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLens-free holographic microscopy can achieve wide-field imaging in a cost-effective and field-portable setup, making it a promising technique for point-of-care and telepathology applications. However, due to relatively narrow-band sources used in holographic microscopy, conventional colorization methods that use images reconstructed at discrete wavelengths, corresponding to e.g., red (R), green (G) and blue (B) channels, are subject to color artifacts. Furthermore, these existing RGB colorization methods do not match the chromatic perception of human vision. Here we present a high-color-fidelity and high-resolution imaging method, termed “digital color fusion microscopy” (DCFM), which fuses a holographic image acquired at a single wavelength with a color-calibrated image taken by a low-magnification lens-based microscope using a wavelet transform-based colorization method. We demonstrate accurate color reproduction of DCFM by imaging stained tissue sections. In particular we show that a lens-free holographic microscope in combination with a cost-effective mobile-phone-based microscope can generate color images of specimens, performing very close to a high numerical-aperture (NA) benchtop microscope that is corrected for color distortions and chromatic aberrations, also matching the chromatic response of human vision. This method can be useful for wide-field imaging needs in telepathology applications and in resource-limited settings, where whole-slide scanning microscopy systems are not available.
A soft, transparent, freely accessible cranial window for chronic imaging and electrophysiology
Authors: Heo Chaejeong , Park Hyejin , Kim Yong-Tae , Baeg Eunha , Kim Yong Ho , Kim Seong-Gi , Suh Minah 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChronic in vivo imaging and electrophysiology are important for better understanding of neural functions and circuits. We introduce the new cranial window using soft, penetrable, elastic, and transparent, silicone-based polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a substitute for the skull and dura in both rats and mice. The PDMS can be readily tailored to any size and shape to cover large brain area. Clear and healthy cortical vasculatures were observed up to 15 weeks post-implantation. Real-time hemodynamic responses were successfully monitored during sensory stimulation. Furthermore, the PDMS window allowed for easy insertion of microelectrodes and micropipettes into the cortical tissue for electrophysiological recording and chemical injection at any location without causing any fluid leakage. Longitudinal two-photon microscopic imaging of Cx3Cr1+/− GFP transgenic mice was comparable with imaging via a conventional glass-type cranial window, even immediately following direct intracortical injection. This cranial window will facilitate direct probing and mapping for long-term brain studies.