bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and management of mixed Pinus sylvestris - Quercus robur stands in Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Maddelein D. , Neirynck J. , Sioen G. 
Published: July 2016

Mature Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands are dominating large parts of the Flemish forest area. Broadleaved species regenerate spontaneously under this pine canopy. This study studied the growth and development of two planted pine stands with an older natural regeneration, dominated by pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), and discussed management options for similar stands. The results indicated a rather good growth of the stands, with current annual increments of 5 m3.ha-1.yr-1. The pine overstorey is growing into valuable sawwood dimensions, while the broadleaved understorey slowly grows into the upperstorey. The quality of the regeneration is moderate but can be improved by silvicultural measurements (pruning, early selection). In both stands, an interesting (timber production, nature conservation) admixture of secondary tree species is present in the regeneration. Stand management is evolving from the classical clearcut system towards a combination of a type of selection and group selection system.
Monitoring of natural regeneration in a mixed deciduous forest
Authors: Tabari K. M. , Lust N. 
Published: July 2016

Monitoring of natural regeneration in a dense semi-natural mixed hardwood forest on the base of ash, beech, oak and sycamore occurred over 3 years in the Aelmoeseneie experimental forest, Belgium. 40 permanent plots (4 m x 5 m) were selected in three various humus types, located in an ash stand and in an oak - beech stand. In all plots abundance and top height of all broad leaved regenerated species were determined at the end of the growing seasons 1995 and 1998. In addition, the seedlings which appeared in the plots during 1996 and 1997 were identified and followed up. This study proves that in the investigated sites natural regeneration is drastically poor and diversity is low, in particular where the humus layer is more acidic (mull moder) and the litter layer is thick. No regeneration phase older than the seedling stage (h &lt; 40 cm) is developed on the different humus types. On average, total number of seedlings in 1995 amounts to 38 units/are in the ash stand and to 63 units/are in the oak - beech stand. Survival rate over a 3- year period is 37% and 42% respectively in the ash and oak - beech stands. Total ingrowth during the growing seasons 1996 and 1997 is virtually poor, indicating 16 and 8 units/are respectively in above mentioned stands. Survival rate of occurring seedlings, as well as the ingrowth of new seedlings are notably different (P &lt; 0.05) according to the soil conditions of the ash stand. Generally, the low presence of seedlings and the lack of regeneration older than the seedling stage reveal that the regeneration development encounters with a critical problem. The continuation of this process would likely result in a progressive succession by the invasive and the unwanted tree species.
A general discusion on national forest programmes
Authors: Lust N. , Nachtergale L. , Serbruyns I. 
Published: July 2016

This paper mainly reviews the NFP process, as discussed by the IPF panel and European workshops in this field. It focuses on three issues i) basic terms, objectives and principles or elements of the concept NFP, ii) evaluation of national forest programmes, with justification, strengths and weaknesses, iii) implementation of NFPs, including requirements for success. Finally gaps in NFPs and priorities for future action are discussed. During the last years national forest programmes have received considerable attention as the reference framework for sustainable management. The following elements are considered as the most important: 1) participatory mechanisms 2) holistic and inter-sectoral approaches 3) national sovereignty 4) long term and iterative process 5) capacity building 6) effective co-ordination and conflict resolution schemes. A specific conclusion, which already can be drawn, proves that procedural instruments are too weak to achieve the NFP's objectives. Generally the following three limiting factors are recognised: funding, institutional capacity and co-ordination among all interested parties at the national and international level. However, the fact that issues of forest policy are back on the political agenda is seen as very advantageous. The overall conclusion is that the NFP process is far from rooted in national forest policies. The major problem is the vagueness of the term. Further clarification of the meanings and dimensions of the elements and principles is required.
Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia and Severe Atopic Dermatitis: Open-label Treatment with Immunoglobulin in a Case Series
Authors: Breslin Moira E. , Lin Joanna H. , Roberts Robert , Lim Kellie J. , Stiehm E. Richard 
Published: July 2016

Background We reported on six infants between 5 and 11 months old, with transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy and severe refractory atopic dermatitis, who were treated with open-label immunoglobulin (Ig) after conventional therapy failed. All six infants had an IgG level of <225 mg/dL, elevated eosinophil and IgE levels, and no urine or stool protein losses, but they did exhibit hypoalbuminemia. Objective To evaluate the utility of open-label immunoglobulin in infants with severe atopic dermatitis for whom conventional therapy failed. We reviewed the clinical utility of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis, the most recent research in the field, and suggested mechanisms for its benefit. Methods The six infants were identified from a retrospective chart review at the University of California Los Angeles Allergy and Immunology outpatient pediatric clinic. Results All six patients were treated with 400 mg/kg/month of intravenous immunoglobulin and had normalization of their IgG and albumin levels, and all but one had clinically improved atopic dermatitis. Conclusion Infants with severe atopic dermatitis who did not respond to conventional therapy avoidance may benefit from intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.
ROTATIONALLY DRIVEN FRAGMENTATION IN THE FORMATION OF THE BINARY PROTOSTELLAR SYSTEM L1551 IRS 5
Authors: Lim Jeremy , Yeung Paul K. H. , Hanawa Tomoyuki , Takakuwa Shigehisa , Matsumoto Tomoaki , Saigo Kazuya 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Both bulk rotation and local turbulence have been widely suggested to drive the fragmentation in collapsing cores that produces multiple star systems. Even when the two mechanisms predict different alignments for stellar spins and orbits, subsequent internal or external interactions can drive multiple systems toward or away from alignment, thus masking their formation processes. Here, we demonstrate that the geometrical and dynamical relationship between a binary system and its surrounding bulk envelope provide the crucial distinction between fragmentation models. We find that the circumstellar disks of the binary protostellar system L1551 IRS 5 are closely parallel, not just with each other but also with their surrounding flattened envelope. Measurements of the relative proper motion of the binary components spanning nearly 30 years indicate an orbital motion related to that of the envelope rotation. Eliminating orbital solutions whereby the circumstellar disks would be tidally truncated to sizes smaller than observed, the remaining solutions favor a circular or low-eccentricity orbit tilted by up to ∼25° from the circumstellar disks. Turbulence-driven fragmentation can generate local angular momentum to produce a coplanar binary system, but this would have no particular relationship to the system’s surrounding envelope. Instead, the observed properties conform with predictions for rotationally driven fragmentation. If the fragments were produced at different heights or on opposite sides of the mid-plane in the flattened central region of a rotating core, the resulting protostars would then exhibit circumstellar disks parallel with the surrounding envelope but tilted from the orbital plane, as is observed.
EVIDENCE FOR INTERMEDIATE POLARS AS THE ORIGIN OF THE GALACTIC CENTER HARD X-RAY EMISSION
Authors: Hailey Charles J. , Mori Kaya , Perez Kerstin , Canipe Alicia M. , Hong Jaesub , Tomsick John A. , Boggs Steven E. , Christensen Finn E. , Craig William W. , Fornasini Francesca , Grindlay Jonathan E. , Harrison Fiona A. , Nynka Melania , Rahoui Farid , Stern Daniel , Zhang Shuo , Zhang William W. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Recently, unresolved hard (20–40 keV) X-ray emission has been discovered within the central 10 pc of the Galaxy, possibly indicating a large population of intermediate polars (IPs). Chandra and XMM-Newton measurements in the surrounding ∼50 pc imply a much lighter population of IPs with

. Here we use broadband NuSTAR observations of two IPs: TV Columbae, which has a fairly typical but widely varying reported mass of

–

, and IGR J17303–0601, with a heavy reported mass of

–

. We investigate how varying spectral models and observed energy ranges influences estimated white dwarf mass. Observations of the inner 10 pc can be accounted for by IPs with

, consistent with that of the CV population in general and the X-ray observed field IPs in particular. The lower mass derived by Chandra and XMM-Newton appears to be an artifact of narrow energy-band fitting. To explain the (unresolved) central hard X-ray emission (CHXE) by IPs requires an X-ray (2–8 keV) luminosity function (XLF) extending down to at least 5 × 1031 erg s−1. The CHXE XLF, if extended to the surrounding ∼50 pc observed by Chandra and XMM-Newton, requires that at least ∼20%–40% of the ∼9000 point sources are IPs. If the XLF extends just a factor of a few lower in luminosity, then the vast majority of these sources are IPs. This is in contrast to recent observations of the Galactic ridge, where the bulk of the 2–8 keV emission is ascribed to non-magnetic CVs.
SPECTROSCOPIC CONSTANTS OF THE X1Σ+ AND 13Π STATES OF AlO+
Authors: Sghaier Onsi , Linguerri Roberto , Mogren Muneerah Mogren Al , Francisco Joseph S. , Hochlaf Majdi 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Using both standard and explicitly correlated ab initio methods in conjunction with several atomic basis sets, the ground state of AlO(X2Σ+) and the two lowest electronic states of AlO+ (1Σ+ and 3Π) are investigated. Potential energy curves for these species are mapped, which are incorporated later to solve the nuclear motion problem. Benchmark computations on AlO(X2Σ+) are used to determine the reliability of the theoretical methods and basis sets used for an accurate description of aluminum oxide compounds. The electronic ground state of AlO+ is X1Σ+, followed by the low-lying 13Π state. For both cationic electronic states, a set of spectroscopic parameters are recommended that may help in the identification of this ion in laboratory and astrophysical media. An accurate estimation of the adiabatic ionization energy of AlO, AIE = 9.70 eV, is also reported.
THE MASSIVE SURVEY. IV. THE X-RAY HALOS OF THE MOST MASSIVE EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES IN THE NEARBY UNIVERSE
Authors: Goulding Andy D. , Greene Jenny E. , Ma Chung-Pei , Veale Melanie , Bogdan Akos , Nyland Kristina , Blakeslee John P. , McConnell Nicholas J. , Thomas Jens 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Studies of the physical properties of local elliptical galaxies are shedding new light on galaxy formation. Here we present the hot-gas properties of 33 early-type systems within the MASSIVE galaxy survey that have archival Chandra X-ray observations, and we use these data to derive X-ray luminosities (

) and plasma temperatures (

) for the diffuse gas components. We combine this with the

survey to investigate the X-ray–optical properties of a statistically significant sample of early-type galaxies across a wide range of environments. When X-ray measurements are performed consistently in apertures set by the galaxy stellar content, we deduce that all early types (independent of galaxy mass, environment, and rotational support) follow a universal scaling law such that

. We further demonstrate that the scatter in

around both K-band luminosity (L

K
) and the galaxy stellar velocity dispersion (

) is primarily driven by

, with no clear trends with halo mass, radio power, or angular momentum of the stars. It is not trivial to tie the gas origin directly to either stellar mass or galaxy potential. Indeed, our data require a steeper relation between

, and

than predicted by standard mass-loss models. Finally, we find that

is set by the galaxy potential inside the optical effective radius. We conclude that within the innermost 10–30 kpc region, early types maintain pressure-supported hot gas, with a minimum

set by the virial temperature, but the majority show evidence for additional heating.
GAS GIANT PLANET FORMATION IN THE PHOTOEVAPORATING DISK. I. GAP FORMATION
Authors: Xiao Lin , Jin Liping , Liu Chengzhi , Fan Cunbo 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Planet formation and photoevaporation have both been considered as gap opening mechanisms in protoplanetary disks. We have studied giant planet formation in a photoevaporating disk with long-term evolution. Our calculations suggest that the core accretion rate of a protoplanet declines and the trigger of the runaway gas accretion for a giant planet is delayed under the action of photoevaporation. We find that the final mass of a giant planet characterized by the “gap-limiting” case is not influenced by photoevaporation but the final mass of a giant planet characterized by the “diffusion-limiting” case is greatly influenced by photoevaporation. Considering the formation process of giant planets, we suggest that the locations of the gaps opened by giant planets are within 30–40 au and the gap width in the “gap-limiting” case is wider than that in the “diffusion-limiting” case. We also find that gaps in photoevaporating disks are wider than those in non-photoevaporating disks. Our calculations suggest that the origins of multiple gaps in a disk can be diverse depending on their formation locations. In the formation region of giant planets, gaps are opened by giant planets. The outer gap beyond the giant planet formation region may be opened under the action of photoevaporation. A gap may also be opened at 1–3 au under the actions of photoevaporating dissipation and gas accretion of the outer giant planets.
Éducation formelle et éducation informelle : regards croisés sur la notion de compétence (transversale)
Authors: Berry Vincent , Garcia Alain 
Published: July 2016

Cet article envisage l’approche par compétences à travers deux champs de recherche : l’éducation formelle et l’éducation informelle. En premier lieu, les auteurs rappellent la genèse de la notion de compétence (transversale) et son inscription dans l’École française. Cette inscription montre ensuite ses limites dans le flou des définitions et des domaines d’application : on voit en effet la logique de compétences heurter la logique scolaire nationale. En dernier lieu, le cadre de l’éducation informelle semble dégrossir le problème : on pointe ici l’écart entre les compétences abstraites et les pratiques réelles, qui leur donneraient sens.
Chemoattractant Receptors BLT1 and CXCR3 Regulate Antitumor Immunity by Facilitating CD8+ T Cell Migration into Tumors
Authors: Chheda Zinal S. , Sharma Rajesh K. , Jala Venkatakrishna R. , Luster Andrew D. , Haribabu Bodduluri 
Published: July 2016

AbstractImmunotherapies have shown considerable efficacy for the treatment of various cancers, but a multitude of patients remain unresponsive for various reasons, including poor homing of T cells into tumors. In this study, we investigated the roles of the leukotriene B4 receptor, BLT1, and CXCR3, the receptor for CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, under endogenous as well as vaccine-induced antitumor immune response in a syngeneic murine model of B16 melanoma. Significant accelerations in tumor growth and reduced survival were observed in both BLT1−/− and CXCR3−/− mice as compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Analysis of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes revealed significant reduction of CD8+ T cells in the tumors of BLT1−/− and CXCR3−/− mice as compared with WT tumors, despite their similar frequencies in the periphery. Adoptive transfer of WT but not BLT1−/− or CXCR3−/− CTLs significantly reduced tumor growth in Rag2−/− mice, a function attributed to reduced infiltration of knockout CTLs into tumors. Cotransfer experiments suggested that WT CTLs do not facilitate the infiltration of knockout CTLs to tumors. Anti–programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) treatment reduced the tumor growth rate in WT mice but not in BLT1−/−, CXCR3−/−, or BLT1−/−CXCR3−/− mice. The loss of efficacy correlated with failure of the knockout CTLs to infiltrate into tumors upon anti–PD-1 treatment, suggesting an obligate requirement for both BLT1 and CXCR3 in mediating anti–PD-1 based antitumor immune response. These results demonstrate a critical role for both BLT1 and CXCR3 in CTL migration to tumors and thus may be targeted to enhance efficacy of CTL-based immunotherapies.
The Relationship between Ethical Climate and Job Satisfaction among High School Teachers of Saveh City
Authors: Torabian Ensiyeh , Davoudi Amirhossein Mohammad 
Published: July 2016

<p>The goal of this research was to study the relationship between ethical climate and job satisfaction among high school teachers of Saveh city in 2015. It was a theoretical study regarding objectives and descriptive-correlation in relation to data collection. The study population consisted of 300 high school teachers of Saveh city in which 152 people were selected as the sample volume by Cochran formula and stratified random sampling. The data collection method was based on 21-question standard ethical climate questionnaires according to the study of Wang and Sieh (2012) and 15-question job satisfaction questionnaire based on the study of Williams and Anderson (1991) and these were based on Likert scale. Cronbach’s alpha was used to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire and it was higher than 0.7 for all questionnaires (0.758 for ethical climate and 0.918 for job satisfaction). Also, the content validity was employed to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. For this purpose, the questionnaires were approved by the professors and experts in this field. Analyzing the data extracted from the questionnaire were performed by SPSS software in two parts of descriptive and inferential (correlation and multivariate regression). The results from correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between ethical climate and its 5 dimensions namely instrumental climate, caring climate, law and rules climate, regulation climate, and independence climate and job satisfaction of high school teachers with 0.01 level of significance. Moreover, the results of analyzing the regression indicated that among 5 dimensions of ethical climate, only instrumental and regulation climate can predict job satisfaction in high school teachers of Saveh city. </p>
Translating Periosteum's Regenerative Power: Insights From Quantitative Analysis of Tissue Genesis With a Periosteum Substitute Implant
Authors: Moore Shannon R. , Heu Céline , Yu Nicole Y.C. , Whan Renee M. , Knothe Ulf R. , Milz Stefan , Knothe Tate Melissa L. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
An abundance of surgical studies during the past 2 centuries provide empirical evidence of periosteum's regenerative power for reconstructing tissues as diverse as trachea and bone. This study aimed to develop quantitative, efficacy-based measures, thereby providing translational guidelines for the use of periosteum to harness the body's own healing potential and generate target tissues. The current study quantitatively and qualitatively demonstrated tissue generation modulated by a periosteum substitute membrane that replicates the structural constituents of native periosteum (elastin, collagen, progenitor cells) and its barrier, extracellular, and cellular properties. It shows the potentiation of the periosteum's regenerative capacity through the progenitor cells that inhabit the tissue, biological factors intrinsic to the extracellular matrix of periosteum, and mechanobiological factors related to implant design and implementation. In contrast to the direct intramembranous bone generated in defects surrounded by patent periosteum in situ, tissue generation in bone defects bounded by the periosteum substitute implant occurred primarily via endochondral mechanisms whereby cartilage was first generated and then converted to bone. In addition, in defects treated with the periosteum substitute, tissue generation was highest along the major centroidal axis, which is most resistant to prevailing bending loads. Taken together, these data indicate the possibility of designing modular periosteum substitute implants that can be tuned for vectorial and spatiotemporal delivery of biological agents and facilitation of target tissue genesis for diverse surgical scenarios and regenerative medicine approaches. It also underscores the potential to develop physical therapy protocols to maximize tissue genesis via the implant's mechanoactive properties.

Significance
In the past 2 centuries, the periosteum, a niche for stem cells and super-smart biological material, has been used empirically in surgery to repair tissues as diverse as trachea and bone. In the past 25 years, the number of articles indexed in PubMed for the keywords “periosteum and tissue engineering” and “periosteum and regenerative medicine” has burgeoned. Yet the biggest limitation to the prescriptive use of periosteum is lack of easy access, giving impetus to the development of periosteum substitutes. Recent studies have opened up the possibility to bank periosteal tissues (e.g., from the femoral neck during routine resection for implantation of hip replacements). This study used an interdisciplinary, quantitative approach to assess tissue genesis in modular periosteum substitute implants, with the aim to provide translational strategies for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Relación entre autoconcepto y nivel de depresión en personas con retinosis pigmentaria
Authors: Chacón-López Helena , López-Justicia María Dolores 
Published: July 2016

The present study has two main objectives: firstly, to know the relationship between some factors of the self-concept, number of support people in case of need, depression level and age of 51 people who have a degenerative visual pathology (Retinitis Pigmentosa). Secondly, to analyze if depression level could influence some self-concept dimensions. Instruments such as the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (Fitts, 1965), the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1979) and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used. A Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that age is associated with higher scores on depression, associating this to lower scores in physical and personal self-concept, being physical self-concept the best predictor of depression scores. The MANCOVA made confirms that people with higher level of depression were perceived more negatively in physical, personal and moral/ethical self-concept. Final del formularioIt concludes recommending to prevent depression by promoting the improvement of self-concept deficit factors, avoiding or reducing the impact of emotional disorders on the quality of life and visual functioning of this people.