bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Corn Residue Grazing and Baling on Wind Erosion Potential in a Semiarid Environment
Authors: Blanco-Canqui Humberto , Tatarko John , Stalker Aaron L. , Shaver Tim M. , van Donk Simon J. 
Published: July 2016

Core Ideas
Corn residue baling increased the wind‐erodible fraction relative to no baling.
Cattle grazing of corn residues had smaller effects on wind erosion than baling.
As residue cover decreased, the wind‐erodible fraction increased.
Soil erodibility decreased as particulate organic matter increased.
Simulated soil loss showed that baling increased the wind erosion potential.
Implications of corn (Zea mays L.) residue grazing and baling on wind erosion in integrated crop–livestock systems are not well understood. This study (i) determined soil properties affecting wind erosion potential including dry aggregate‐size distribution, geometric mean diameter (GMD), geometric standard deviation of dry aggregates, and wind‐erodible fraction (WEF), (ii) correlated these properties with soil organic C (SOC) and particulate organic matter (POM), and (iii) simulated soil loss using the Single‐event Wind Erosion Evaluation Program (SWEEP) model after 7 and 8 yr of irrigated no‐till corn residue management in a semiarid region in west‐central Nebraska. Residue treatments were: control (no residue removal), light grazing (2.5 animal unit months [AUM] ha−1), heavy grazing (5.0 AUM ha−1), and baling. We simulated soil loss for a 3‐h windstorm with a wind velocity of 13 m s−1. Soil properties differed in spring but not in fall. Baling reduced 6.3‐ to 45‐mm macroaggregates by 37% and GMD by 80% and increased WEF by 25% relative to the control. Light and heavy grazing, after 8 yr, significantly reduced 6.3‐ to 14‐mm macroaggregates 43% compared with the control and tended to reduce GMD and increase WEF, although not statistically significant. As residue cover decreased, GMD decreased and WEF increased. Residue removal did not reduce SOC and POM concentrations, but soil erodibility decreased as POM increased. Simulation showed that soil erodibility increased as residue cover decreased in spring, and baling increased the wind erosion potential. Overall, residue baling increases the wind erosion potential but residue grazing has smaller effects in this semiarid environment.
Modelo Epistemológico de las relaciones entre el pensar y hacer en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la Arquitectura
Authors: Tonelli Inés 
Published: July 2016

Se propone explicitar un modelo epistemológico del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la arquitectura, validado académicamente, con el objetivo de consolidar una epistemología proyectual propia de la disciplina que retroalimente la formación y la profesión.Los cambios en la sociedad demandan una profunda reflexión que contemple nuevos procedimientos en el campo proyectual y su reflejo en la enseñanza. La arquitectura en particular el saber proyectual no ha logrado hasta el momento instaurar, como muchos otros saberes, un campo de investigación en torno a la proyectualidad es decir en entes que todavía no existen.La necesidad psicológica de los arquitectos de validar científicamente las prácticas conduce al fenómeno contemporáneo de respaldarse en la epistemología para legitimar las prácticas de la arquitectura. Por ello se considera prioritario que desde la disciplina se tome plena conciencia de la necesidad de revisar teorías, metodologías y técnicas de la arquitectura en su campo más específico y medular: el proyectual.En Las ciencias de lo artificial, Simón Herbert (1973) ofreció una nueva mirada a la epistemología del conocimiento para las disciplinas proyectuales, en las que el momento de la prefiguración y del proyecto actúan como mediadores entre el sujeto y el objeto o realidad cultural existente, ya no se trata solo de conocer lo que existe sino indagar y teorizar sobre lo que aún no existe.El modelo propuesto sostiene una visión integradora de la relación sujeto-objeto-conocimiento, involucrando saberes que no pertenecen aún a la realidad, que surgen de la reflexión sistemática y crítica del proceso de diseño y que dé cuenta de la complejidad de la arquitectura al considerar como inseparables los elementos que constituyen una totalidad, donde puede verificarse la existencia de un tejido interdependiente en la relación del sujeto que diseña con los conocimientos que se crean en el mismo momento en que se desarrolla el proyecto y finalmente el conocimiento producto de la práctica concreta en la realidad.
Simulación de la transmisión de radiación solar directa en un hueco aire-luz de edificio
Authors: Eliçabe Urriol Juan José , Belluccia Horacio A. 
Published: July 2016

Con un modelo estocástico se simula la propagación de radiación solar directa en un hueco aire-luz de superficie interior cuasiespecular. Para situaciones típicas fueron calculadas las irradiancias sobre las ventanas internas y también la base del hueco. Los resultados numéricos, desde el punto de vista de la iluminación natural (de edificios), son significativos.
Democratización y calidad democrática en México y Argentina
Authors: Russo Foresto Juan José 
Published: July 2016

Este trabajo analiza algunos déficits de la competición política en México y Argentina en relación con el modelo de democratización. Para ello se parte de una distinción preliminar entre calidad democrática tout court (de la que se ocupará el paper), que atiende al desempeño de la democracia como régimen político, donde la dimensión competición es crucial, y calidad democrática en sentido amplio, que incorpora evaluaciones sobre las instituciones y el estado. El problema de la alternancia en Argentina, expresado en la imposibilidad (desde 1983 a la fecha) para cualquier actor no peronista de cumplir el periodo de gobierno presidencial, así como el problema de la difundida desconfianza en México, manifiesta en la recurrente contestación post electoral; constituyen fallas duraderas y relevantes de sus democracias. Para el análisis de esas fallas, se presta atención al modo en que los órdenes políticos transitaron a la democracia. La hipótesis que se sostiene es que algunos de los problemas de calidad pueden analizarse en clave de costos ocasionados por las características peculiares de la democratización. En especial, la combinación del tipo de transición (continuo-discontinuo) con el modelo (conflictual- consensual) de consolidación democrática fueron, en los casos aquí estudiados, condiciones facilitantes para los déficit de la competición política.
La relevancia del Derecho Aduanero en la actividad financiera del Estado: Reflexiones
Authors: Moreno Yebra Felipe 
Published: July 2016

Obtener recursos para cumplir con el gasto público es, quizás, la actividad más importante que tiene el Estado. Sólo así es dable sostener gastos en infraestructura, asistencia social, educación, cultura, seguridad nacional, entre otros. Para atraer inversión el Estado otorga concesiones a los particulares, que van desde la exención de impuestos, donación de terrenos, gasto en infraestructura, entre otros. De la actividad financiera del Estado depende la obtención, protección y, entre otros, distribución de los ingresos públicos destinados justamente al gasto público. En ese sentido, la subsistencia de la persona física o moral que habrá de pagar los tributos, es trascendental pues acorde a sus actividades serán sus ingresos, y por ende, el pago de las contribuciones.El Derecho Aduanero, como conjunto de disposiciones jurídicas que regulan la entrada y salida de mercancías de territorio nacional, regula por medio de contribuciones y regulaciones o restricciones no arancelarias, precisamente, la entrada o salida de mercancías de nuestro país. Es un hecho que el monto recaudado por el Impuesto General de Importación no es relevante para las finanzas del Estado, pues es porcentaje pequeño del total de ingresos, no obstante, el aspecto extrafiscal de los tributos aduaneros, manifiesto en el porcentaje del Impuesto General de Importación, brinda protección a la planta productiva nacional pues pretende inhibir, inclusive con regulaciones o restricciones no arancelarias, la importación de diversos productos a nuestros país.El ejecutivo federal, en uso de facultad conferida por el Congreso, es quien regula el comercio exterior en cuanto a las necesidades apremiantes de la economía nacional, sin embargo, tal poder ha sido objeto de crítica pues consideran que un solo individuo no debe ostentarlo, siendo lo correcto que el Congreso Federal sea quien cumpla con la función. Método.- El presente trabajo se desarrolló mediante investigación documental analítica. Primero se ubicaron fuentes, se procedió a su depuración, ordenandolas de la más antigua a la más reciente con la pretensión que el análisis fuera conforme a la producción de la obra.
Seawater Intrusion Impacts on the Water Quality of the Groundwater on theNorthwest Coast of Oman
Authors: Ahmed Abdelkader T. , Askri Brahim 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT: The groundwater aquifer in the coastal region of the northwest of Oman has been used extensively since the early 1980s for agricultural, industrial and municipal purposes. The over pumping of this reservoir has led to the intrusion of seawater and therefore to the deterioration of the groundwater quality. In this study, an investigation was carried out in the southern part of this region to identify the quality of groundwater, to understand the main sources of groundwater mineralisation, and to check the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation. The spatial distributions and temporal variations of groundwater level and electrical conductivity were studied for the period from 1982 to 2005 using data collected from 225 wells. In addition, groundwater samples were collected recently in 2012 from eight wells and analysed for pH, EC, and major ions to understand the sources of dissolved ions and assess the chemical quality of the groundwater. The study area was divided into two strips parallel to the coastline, A and B, located in the discharge and recharge parts of the aquifer, respectively. Results showed a significant increase in the degree of water mineralisation in the direction of south to north following the regional flow direction. Results showed also that the groundwater in the last area could be used for irrigation with little danger of exchangeable sodium while this aquifer is unsuitable for irrigation in the discharge area because it presents a very high salinity hazard.
Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Bentonite Nanocomposites
Authors: Ma Jing , Su Guojun , Zhang Xueping , Huang Wen 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT: A series of bentonite nanocomposites have been synthesized by modifying bentonite with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) and the common complexing agents, complexone (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, EDTA) or mercaptocomplexant (2‐Mercaptobenzothiazole, MBT). These adsorbents are used to remove heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+,Co2+). The Bent‐CTMAB‐MBT adsorbed metal ions are higher than Bent‐CTMAB‐EDTA under the same ion concentration in AAS. Compared with the single ion system, the adsorption of the mixed ion system of Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Co2+ had decreased differently. In the mixed system, the adsorption of Mn2+ is significantly lower, but the adsorption of Cu2+ was highest. The adsorption sequence of these four metal ions was Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Co2+ > Mn2+, and the selective adsorption was closely related to the hydration energy of heavy metal ions. We could remove more metal ions in different stages with the adsorption sequence.
Jellemző-e a stratégiai gondolkodás az Észak-magyarországi Régió kkv-szektorában?
Authors: Takácsné György Katalin , Takács István 
Published: July 2016

A kis- és középvállalkozások gazdasági jelentősége regionális eltérő. A kutatás az Észak-magyarországi Régióban működő vállalkozások körében 2011 őszén lefolytatott felmérés alapján foglalja össze a változásokra történő reagálásuk, stratégiai gondolkodásuk és innovációs képességük összefüggéseit. A régióra jellemző az alacsony gazdasági aktivitás, az ipari tevékenységet végző kkv-k országos átlagnálalacsonyabb aránya, a magas munkanélküliség, valamint az alacsony szakképzettségűek magas aránya. A vizsgált vállalkozások körében nem volt kimutatható a tudatos jövőalkotás, sokkal inkább a stratégiaigondolkodás hiánya jellemző. A tudatos stratégiaépítők az ágazati átlagot elérő vagy azt meghaladó jövedelmezőségről számoltak be. Összefüggést mutattunk ki a stratégiáról alkotott ismeretek mélységeés a formalizált stratégia megléte között, ami az oktatás szerepére hívja fel a figyelmet. A kkv-szektor szereplői megerősödésének egyik kulcseleme – a stratégiai gondolkodás mellett – a folyamatos megújulás, az innovativitás, illetve a ágazati legjobb gyakorlat figyelése, adaptálása: az imitáció.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: D220
The “guitar pick” sign: a novel sign of retrobulbar hemorrhage
Authors: Theoret Jonathan , Sanz Geoffrey E. , Matero David , Guth Todd , Erickson Catherine , Liao Michael M. , Kendall John L. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Retrobulbar hemorrhage is a rare complication of blunt ocular trauma. Without prompt intervention, permanent reduction in visual acuity can develop in as little as 90 minutes. We report a novel bedside ultrasound finding of conical deformation of the posterior ocular globe: the “guitar pick” sign. In our elderly patient, the ocular globe shape normalized post–lateral canthotomy and inferior cantholysis. Identifying this sonographic finding may add to the clinical examination when deciding whether to perform decompression.
Asymptomatic pulmonary embolus masquerading as acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction
Authors: Noble Jeanne , Singh Amandeep 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is an uncommon and often overlooked cause of ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram (ECG). Emergent echocardiography has been cited as a means to rapidly distinguish acute myocardial infarction from PE. However, both of these conditions can present with focal wall motion abnormalities. We report a case of a 51-year-old asymptomatic male who presented to our emergency department with anterior ST-segment elevation and right-heart strain on an ECG. The clinical diagnosis of ST elevation myocardial infarction was in doubt, and an echocardiogram was obtained while the patient was in the emergency department. Although a focal area of hypokinesia was observed on echocardiography, cardiac catherization did not demonstrate any evidence of acute coronary occlusion. A computed tomographic angiogram of the chest was subsequently obtained, which demonstrated evidence of submassive pulmonary emboli. Our case highlights the limited utility of emergent echocardiography in cases of ST-segment elevation.
Using cervical spine clearance guidelines in a pediatric population: a survey of physician practices and opinions
Authors: Burns Emma C. , Yanchar Natalie L. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Background:
Unlike in adults, there are currently no standardized, validated guidelines to aid practitioners in clearing the pediatric cervical spine (C-spine). Many pediatric centres in Canada have locally produced, adult-modified guidelines, but the extent to which these or other guidelines are used is unknown.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to determine if Canadian physicians are using either locally produced or adult C-spine guidelines to clear the C- spines of patients &lt; 16 years of age. The study also characterized the common methods used by physicians to clear pediatric C-spine injuries in terms of clinical examination and radiologic imaging.

Methods:
A 20-question survey was distributed to 240 Canadian pediatric emergency physicians and trauma team leaders using the Dillman Total Design Method.

Results:
The response rate was 68%. The results showed that 61% of physicians currently use guidelines to assist in the clearance of pediatric C-spines. Of those physicians not using guidelines, 85% stated that they would use them if they were available. The clinical criteria most often used to clear pediatric C-spines were a normal neurologic examination (97%) and the absence of C-spine tenderness (95%), intoxication (94%), and distracting injuries (87%).

Conclusions:
Guidelines are commonly used by Canadian physicians when clearing the pediatric C-spine, yet few are validated in children. Those most commonly used are locally developed guidelines, the Canadian C-spine guidelines, or National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) low-risk criteria.
Predictors of pandemic influenza infection in adults presenting to two urban emergency departments, Toronto, 2009
Authors: Lee Todd C. , Taggart Linda R. , Mater Barbara , Katz Kevin , McGeer Allison 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Identifying features that differentiate patients with H1N1 influenza infection from those with other conditions may assist clinical decision making during waves of pandemic influenza activity.

Methods:
From April 27 to June 15, 2009, nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from all adults presenting to two urban emergency departments (EDs) with illness including fever or respiratory symptoms. H1N1 infection was detected by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Chart review was performed to compare cases of H1N1 influenza (n = 117) to matched controls.

Results:
The median age of cases was 35 years versus 50 years for controls (p &lt; .001). In those with pre-existing conditions, asthma was present in 31% of cases versus 14% of controls (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3–5.4). Cough (OR 7.8, 95% CI 3.2–19), fever (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.7–5.4), headache (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.2), and myalgias (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.1) were significantly more common in H1N1 cases. The median white blood cell count was 5.7 × 109/mL versus 10.9 × 109/mL (p &lt; .001). The combination of fever and cough had an OR of 5.3. Fever, cough, low white blood cell (WBC) count, and tachycardia had the highest OR at 11. The absence of both fever and cough had a negative predictive value of 99%, but this occurred in only 8% of controls.

Conclusion:
In patients presenting to the ED, the combination of fever, cough, tachycardia, and WBC count &lt; 10 × 109/mL was suggestive of H1N1 influenza infection. However, clinical features could not reliably distinguish influenza from other acute respiratory illnesses in adult ED patients.
Emergency physicians’ management of transient ischemic attack and desired sensitivity of a clinical decision rule for stroke in three countries
Authors: Perry Jeffrey J. , Goindi Reena , Brehaut Jamie , Taljaard Monica , Schneider Sandra , Stiell Ian G. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTObjective:Four to 10% of patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) suffer a stroke or die within 7 days. Our objectives were to determine (1) current practice for investigating and treating emergency department (ED) patients with TIA, (2) willingness to use a clinical decision rule to identify patients at high risk of impending stroke or death, and (3) the required sensitivity of this rule.Methods:We administered a mail survey to a random sample of members of three national emergency physician associations in Australia, Canada, and the United States using a modified Dillman technique. A prenotification letter and up to three surveys were sent.Results:A total of 801 responses (53.7%) from 1,493 surveys were received; 53.6% (95% CI 47.5–59.7) of emergency physicians reported routinely admitting TIA patients, ranging from 6.6% in Canada to 56.7% in the United States, and 9.9% of emergency physicians have a stroke prevention clinic, with 4.7% estimating that patients are seen within 7 days. A sensitive clinical decision rule for TIA patients would be used by 96.3% (95% CI 93.9–98.7) of emergency physicians. The median required sensitivity of this rule for stroke or death within 7 days was 97%.Conclusions:Almost half of all TIA patients are managed as outpatients,which is neither expedited nor in a dedicated stroke clinic. Emergency physicians indicate a willingness to use a highly sensitive clinical decision rule to triage TIA patients.
Pseudoaneurysm formation following a traumatic wrist laceration
Authors: Poonai Naveen , Lim Rodrick , Lynch Tim 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Pseudoaneurysms occur secondary to partial disruption of the arterial wall. They are a commonly described complication of arterial injury, with penetrating injury and iatrogenic arterial catheterization being the most common etiologies in children. Many present weeks to months after the injury, and the initial vascular injury is often missed. The complications of pseudoaneurysm, which include thromboembolism, neurapraxia, and compartment syndrome, underscore the importance of early recognition and management. Definitive therapy consists of ultrasound-guided compression or resection and possible graft interposition. We describe a case of pseudoaneurysm formation in the radial artery of an adolescent girl 6weeks following a penetrating injury. The patient’s injury was complicated by sensory and motor deficits consistent with ulnar nerve compression. This case attests to the importance of adequately ruling out arterial injury in penetrating injury and close followup if the history is suggestive. In addition, a high index of suspicion is warranted to facilitate imaging of a pulsatile mass to avoid confusion of a thrombosed artery with an abscess.
Resuscitation interventions in a tertiary level pediatric emergency department: implications for maintenance of skills
Authors: Guilfoyle F. Jonathan , Milner Ruth , Kissoon Niranjan 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTObjective:To describe the frequency and proportion of successful resuscitation interventions in a pediatric emergency department (PED).Methods and Material:This was a retrospective chart review of children at the BC Children's Hospital (BCCH) PED who were admitted to the BCCH pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in 2004 and 2005. Demographic data, diagnosis, and resuscitation interventions in the PED and within the first 24 hours of PICU admission were recorded. The training of the operator and the number of attempts needed were also recorded.Results:There were 75,133 PED visits; 304 of 329 (92.4%) who met inclusion criteria were reviewed. Diagnoses included respiratory distress (n= 115, 35%), trauma (n= 50, 15%), sepsis (n= 36, 11%), seizures (n= 37, 11%), and cardiac disease (n= 22, 7%). Ninety-nine patients required intubation. Intubations in the PED were performed by residents (20%), pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellows (15%), PEM attending staff (29%), and PICU fellows (12%); 81% of these were successful on the first attempt. In the PED, seven central lines were placed, seven intraosseous needles were inserted, 15 patients required inotropes, and 9 patients required chest compressions.Conclusion:Critical illness in our emergency department is a rare event; hence, opportunities to resuscitate, secure airways, and place central venous catheters are limited. Additional training, close working relationships between the PED and the PICU teams, and resuscitation protocols for early PICU involvement may be needed.
Take my breath away: a case of lactic acidosis in an asthma exacerbation
Authors: McGonigle Reid , Woods Robert A. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:A 36-year-old male with a history of chronic asthma presented to an emergency department with shortness of breath consistent with an asthma exacerbation. He had persistent tachypnea following inhaled bronchodilator treatment; thus, the workup and differential diagnosis were expanded. He was found to have a mixed respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis with elevated serum lactate without an obvious cause and was admitted to hospital. His case was reviewed, and the lactic acidosis was thought to be caused by inhaled β2-agonist use. Emergency physicians should be aware of the potential side effects of inhaled β2-agonists as lactic acidosis may complicate clinical assessment and management of asthma exacerbations and lead to unnecessary and potentially dangerous escalations in therapy.