bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection from Hendra virus infection with Canarypox recombinant vaccine
Authors: Guillaume-Vasselin Vanessa , Lemaitre Laurent , Dhondt Kévin P , Tedeschi Laurence , Poulard Amelie , Charreyre Catherine , Horvat Branka 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHendra virus (HeV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen, which causes severe respiratory illness and encephalitis in humans and horses. Since its first appearance in 1994, spillovers of HeV from its natural reservoir fruit bats occur on almost an annual basis. The high mortality rate in both humans and horses and the wide-ranging reservoir distribution are making HeV a serious public health problem, especially for people exposed to sick horses. This study has aimed to develop an efficient low-cost HeV vaccine for horses based on Canarypox recombinant vector expressing HeV glycoproteins, attachment glycoprotein (G) and fusion protein (F). This vaccine was used to immunise hamsters and then challenged intraperitoneally with HeV 3 weeks later. The higher tested dose of the vaccine efficiently prevented oropharyngeal virus shedding and protected animals from clinical disease and virus-induced mortality. Vaccine induced generation of seroneutralising antibodies and prevented virus-induced histopathological changes and a production of viral RNA and antigens in animal tissues. Interestingly, some vaccinated animals, including those immunised at a lower dose, were protected in the absence of detectable specific antibodies, suggesting the induction of an efficient virus-specific cellular immunity. Finally, ponies immunised using the same vaccination protocol as hamsters developed strong seroneutralising titres against both HeV and closely related Nipah virus, indicating that this vaccine may have the ability to induce cross-protection against Henipavirus infection. These data suggest that Canarypox-based vectors encoding for HeV glycoproteins present very promising new vaccine candidate to prevent infection and shedding of the highly lethal HeV.
Nitrous oxide emission related to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and mitigation options from N fertilization in a tropical soil
Authors: Soares Johnny R. , Cassman Noriko A. , Kielak Anna M. , Pijl Agata , Carmo Janaína B. , Lourenço Kesia S. , Laanbroek Hendrikus J. , Cantarella Heitor , Kuramae Eiko E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) from nitrogen fertilizers applied to sugarcane has high environmental impact on ethanol production. This study aimed to determine the main microbial processes responsible for the N2O emissions from soil fertilized with different N sources, to identify options to mitigate N2O emissions, and to determine the impacts of the N sources on the soil microbiome. In a field experiment, nitrogen was applied as calcium nitrate, urea, urea with dicyandiamide or 3,4 dimethylpyrazone phosphate nitrification inhibitors (NIs), and urea coated with polymer and sulfur (PSCU). Urea caused the highest N2O emissions (1.7% of N applied) and PSCU did not reduce cumulative N2O emissions compared to urea. NIs reduced N2O emissions (95%) compared to urea and had emissions comparable to those of the control (no N). Similarly, calcium nitrate resulted in very low N2O emissions. Interestingly, N2O emissions were significantly correlated only with bacterial amoA, but not with denitrification gene (nirK, nirS, nosZ) abundances, suggesting that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, via the nitrification pathway, were the main contributors to N2O emissions. Moreover, the treatments had little effect on microbial composition or diversity. We suggest nitrate-based fertilizers or the addition of NIs in NH4+-N based fertilizers as viable options for reducing N2O emissions in tropical soils and lessening the environmental impact of biofuel produced from sugarcane.
Hagfish slime and mucin flow properties and their implications for defense
Authors: Böni Lukas , Fischer Peter , Böcker Lukas , Kuster Simon , Rühs Patrick A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhen hagfish (Myxinidae) are attacked by predators, they form a dilute, elastic and cohesive defensive slime made of mucins and protein threads. In this study we propose a link between flow behavior and defense mechanism of hagfish slime. Oscillatory rheological measurements reveal that hagfish slime forms viscoelastic networks at low concentrations. Mucins alone did not contribute viscoelasticity, however in shear flow, viscosity was observed. The unidirectional flow, experienced by hagfish slime during suction feeding by predators, was mimicked with extensional rheology. Elongational stresses were found to increase mucin viscosity. The resulting higher resistance to flow could support clogging of the attacker’s gills. Shear flow in contrast decreases the slime viscosity by mucin aggregation and leads to a collapse of the slime network. Hagfish may benefit from this collapse when trapped in their own slime and facing suffocation by tying a sliding knot with their body to shear off the slime. This removal could be facilitated by the apparent shear thinning behavior of the slime. Therefore hagfish slime, thickening in elongation and thinning in shear, presents a sophisticated natural high water content gel with flow properties that may be beneficial for both, defense and escape.
A novel roseobacter phage possesses features of podoviruses, siphoviruses, prophages and gene transfer agents
Authors: Zhan Yuanchao , Huang Sijun , Voget Sonja , Simon Meinhard , Chen Feng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBacteria in the Roseobacter lineage have been studied extensively due to their significant biogeochemical roles in the marine ecosystem. However, our knowledge on bacteriophage which infects the Roseobacter clade is still very limited. Here, we report a new bacteriophage, phage DSS3Φ8, which infects marine roseobacter Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3. DSS3Φ8 is a lytic siphovirus. Genomic analysis showed that DSS3Φ8 is most closely related to a group of siphoviruses, CbK-like phages, which infect freshwater bacterium Caulobacter crescentus. DSS3Φ8 contains a smaller capsid and has a reduced genome size (146 kb) compared to the CbK-like phages (205–279 kb). DSS3Φ8 contains the DNA polymerase gene which is closely related to T7-like podoviruses. DSS3Φ8 also contains the integrase and repressor genes, indicating its potential to involve in lysogenic cycle. In addition, four GTA (gene transfer agent) genes were identified in the DSS3Φ8 genome. Genomic analysis suggests that DSS3Φ8 is a highly mosaic phage that inherits the genetic features from siphoviruses, podoviruses, prophages and GTAs. This is the first report of CbK-like phages infecting marine bacteria. We believe phage isolation is still a powerful tool that can lead to discovery of new phages and help interpret the overwhelming unknown sequences in the viral metagenomics.
Acetylation modification regulates GRP78 secretion in colon cancer cells
Authors: Li Zongwei , Zhuang Ming , Zhang Lichao , Zheng Xingnan , Yang Peng , Li Zhuoyu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHigh glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) expression contributes to the acquisition of a wide range of phenotypic cancer hallmarks and the pleiotropic oncogenic functions of GRP78 may result from its diverse subcellular distribution. Interestingly, GRP78 has been reported to be secreted from solid tumour cells, participating in cell-cell communication in the tumour microenvironment. However, the mechanism underlying this secretion remains elusive. Here, we report that GRP78 is secreted from colon cancer cells via exosomes. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors blocked GRP78 release by inducing its aggregation in the ER. Mechanistically, HDAC inhibitor treatment suppressed HDAC6 activity and led to increased GRP78 acetylation; acetylated GRP78 then bound to VPS34, a class III phosphoinositide-3 kinase, consequently preventing the sorting of GRP78 into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Of note, we found that mimicking GRP78 acetylation by substituting the lysine at residue 633, one of the deacetylated sites of HDAC6, with a glutamine resulted in decreased GRP78 secretion and impaired tumour cell growth in vitro. Our study thus reveals a hitherto-unknown mechanism of GRP78 secretion and may also provide implications for the therapeutic use of HDAC inhibitors.
Wrinkling Non-Spherical Particles and Its Application in Cell Attachment Promotion
Authors: Li Minggan , Joung Dehi , Hughes Bethany , Waldman Stephen D. , Kozinski Janusz A. , Hwang Dae Kun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSurface wrinkled particles are ubiquitous in nature and present in different sizes and shapes, such as plant pollens and peppercorn seeds. These natural wrinkles provide the particles with advanced functions to survive and thrive in nature. In this work, by combining flow lithography and plasma treatment, we have developed a simple method that can rapidly create wrinkled non-spherical particles, mimicking the surface textures in nature. Due to the oxygen inhibition in flow lithography, the non-spherical particles synthesized in a microfluidic channel are covered by a partially cured polymer (PCP) layer. When exposed to plasma treatment, this PCP layer rapidly buckles, forming surface-wrinkled particles. We designed and fabricated various particles with desired shapes and sizes. The surfaces of these shapes were tuned to created wrinkle morphologies by controlling UV exposure time and the washing process. We further demonstrated that wrinkles on the particles significantly promoted cell attachment without any chemical modification, potentially providing a new route for cell attachment for various biomedical applications.
Insights into Population Health Management Through Disease Diagnoses Networks
Authors: Feldman Keith , Stiglic Gregor , Dasgupta Dipanwita , Kricheff Mark , Obradovic Zoran , Chawla Nitesh V. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe increasing availability of electronic health care records has provided remarkable progress in the field of population health. In particular the identification of disease risk factors has flourished under the surge of available data. Researchers can now access patient data across a broad range of demographics and geographic locations. Utilizing this Big healthcare data researchers have been able to empirically identify specific high-risk conditions found within differing populations. However to date the majority of studies approached the issue from the top down, focusing on the prevalence of specific diseases within a population. Through our work we demonstrate the power of addressing this issue bottom-up by identifying specifically which diseases are higher-risk for a specific population. In this work we demonstrate that network-based analysis can present a foundation to identify pairs of diagnoses that differentiate across population segments. We provide a case study highlighting differences between high and low income individuals in the United States. This work is particularly valuable when addressing population health management within resource-constrained environments such as community health programs where it can be used to provide insight and resource planning into targeted care for the population served.
Field-induced exciton condensation in LaCoO3
Authors: Sotnikov A. , Kuneš J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMotivated by recent observation of magnetic field induced transition in LaCoO3 we study the effect of external field in systems close to instabilities towards spin-state ordering and exciton condensation. We show that, while in both cases the transition can be induced by an external field, temperature dependencies of the critical field have opposite slopes. Based on this result we argue that the experimental observations select the exciton condensation scenario. We show that such condensation is possible due to high mobility of the intermediate spin excitations. The estimated width of the corresponding dispersion is large enough to overrule the order of atomic multiplets and to make the intermediate spin excitation propagating with a specific wave vector the lowest excitation of the system.
Optical Relaxation Time Enhancement in Graphene-Passivated Metal Films
Authors: Chugh Sunny , Mehta Ruchit , Man Mengren , Chen Zhihong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDue to the small skin depth in metals at optical frequencies, their plasmonic response is strongly dictated by their surface properties. Copper (Cu) is one of the standard materials of choice for plasmonic applications, because of its high conductivity and CMOS compatibility. However, being a chemically active material, it gets easily oxidized when left in ambient environment, causing an inevitable degradation in its plasmonic resonance. Here, for the first time, we report a strong enhancement in the optical relaxation time in Cu by direct growth of few-layer graphene that is shown to act as an excellent passivation layer protecting Cu surface from any deterioration. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements reveal a 40–50% reduction in the total scattering rate in Cu itself, which is attributed to an improvement in its surface properties. We also study the impact of graphene quality and show that high quality graphene leads to an even larger improvement in electron scattering rate. These findings are expected to provide a big push towards graphene-protected Cu plasmonics.
Impact of a homing intein on recombination frequency and organismal fitness
Authors: Naor Adit , Altman-Price Neta , Soucy Shannon M. , Green Anna G. , Mitiagin Yulia , Turgeman-Grott Israela , Davidovich Noam , Gogarten Johann Peter , Gophna Uri 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Parasitic interactions can result in changes to the host’s behavior in a way that promotes the distribution or life cycle of the parasite. Inteins are molecular parasites found in all three domains of life. Here we look at the influence of an intein in the DNA polymerase on a population of halophilic archaea in simulations, in experiments, and in the wild. This intein has a fitness cost that is higher than expected for a self-splicing genetic element. In these populations, where mating is independent of host replication, the intein increases the recombination rate between cells with and without inteins. This modification may contribute to the long-term persistence of these genetic parasites, despite the fitness burden they impart on their host.
Norma Beecroft, Improvvisazioni Concertanti No. 1 (1961)
Authors: Neidhöfer Christoph 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This essay studies the concept of written-out improvisation in the one-movement flute concerto Improvvisazioni Concertanti No. 1 (1961) by the Canadian composer Norma Beecroft (b. 1934) through an analysis of the work’s serial structure and form. Beecroft’s compositional techniques are examined in the context of the European avant-garde around 1960, particularly with respect to the teachings of Bruno Maderna, whose courses she attended in Darmstadt and Dartington while living in Rome from 1959 to 1961. Based on information from her sketches, notes, and interviews, the essay shows how Beecroft responded to Maderna’s interval classification system and demonstrates how the work’s serial structure and discourse between soloist and orchestra inspire a multitude of hermeneutic perspectives.
Sofia Gubaidulina, String Quartet No. 2 (1987)
Authors: Lochhead Judy 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Sofia Gubaidulina’s Second String Quartet “musically thinks” difference, enacting in musical sound how difference arises through repetition. This analytical essay demonstrates how processes of timbre, dynamics, articulations, register, and pitch shape the Quartet’s overall formal design in which differing plays an integral role. The essay takes account of music differing through the three parts of the single-movement Quartet: Part 1, Reaching Out and Tethering; Part 2, Reaching Up and Renewing; and Part 3, Affirmation. The analysis also demonstrates how Gubaidulina’s musical thinking of difference resonates with the philosophical thinking of Gilles Deleuze, especially in his 1968 Difference and Repetition, and how such thinking of difference has a distinctive significance for the composer who is female.
Chen Yi, Symphony No. 2 (1993)
Authors: Rao Nancy Yunhwa 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Musical gestures play an important role in the process of spiritual transformation in Chen Yi’s Symphony No. 2 (1998), which was written in commemoration of her father’s recent passing. Chen Yi uses unique luogu dianzi (percussion patterns used in Beijing opera), characteristic melodic elements, and large-scale rhythmic design to convey an intense process of grieving and transcendence. Linking Chen Yi’s unique adaptation of traditional rhythmic patterns to musical gestures, the chapter considers how traditional music signifiers of the Chinese operatic stage have been shifted into another kind of musical space and genre, while gaining significantly more weight and dignity. The symphony reflects not only her crossing of borderlines between cultures and nations, but also the bringing together of these simultaneous dimensions to create a powerful work and to pay homage to her father.
Kaija Saariaho, “The claw of the magnolia … ,” From the Grammar of Dreams (1988)
Authors: Roeder John 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Kaija Saariaho’s From the Grammar of Dreams, for two solo female singers, elegantly articulates the poetic structure of Sylvia Plath’s poem “Paralytic” by variations of rhythmic density and register; changes of pitch, intervals, and rhythmic behavior; and an arch-shaped tessitura. Its most striking feature, though, is its “polyvocality,” in which the voices simultaneously sing the same words to very different rhythms and pitches. This essay examines the multiple senses of musical time and space created by the shifting metrical and tonal relationships between the voices. As they imitate, synchronize, and diverge, two distinct concurrent points of reference—two equally present tonalities, and the coexistence of multiple meters—emerge that artfully portray the poem’s symbolic superposition of life and death.
Libby Larsen, Chanting to Paradise (1997)
Authors: Ravenscroft Brenda 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Emily Dickinson’s sensitive use of phonetic patterns and interest in intensely personal perspectives make her poetry ideal for Libby Larsen’s intimately nuanced vocal settings in the cycle Chanting to Paradise (1997). By making subtle structural changes to Dickinson’s poems, Larsen underscores her understanding of the text, which she then clarifies musically through her symbolic use of constrained pitch-class, intervallic, rhythmic, and gestural materials. The opposition inherent in both poems examined in this analytical study is mirrored musically in quite different ways: “Bind me” weaves together elegantly contrasting elements in Larsen’s characteristic linear compositional language, while in “In this short Life” pitch and rhythmic patterns, cross-pulses, and tonal shifts enact the text. In conclusion, the essay examines mirroring in terms of relations between composer and poet, feminist concerns of power and escape, and the role of the female composer in contemporary society.
Dull Disasters?
Authors: Clarke Daniel J. , Dercon Stefan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Economic losses from disasters are now reaching an average of US$250–$300 billion a year. In the last 20 years, more than 530,000 people died as a direct result of extreme weather events; millions more were seriously injured. Most of the deaths and serious injuries were in developing countries. Meanwhile, highly infectious diseases will continue to emerge or re-emerge, and natural hazards will not disappear. But these extreme events do not need to turn into large-scale disasters. Better and faster responses are possible. The authors contend that even though there is much generosity in the world to support the responses to and recovery from natural disasters, the current funding model, based on mobilizing financial resources after disasters take place, is flawed and makes responses late, fragmented, unreliable, and poorly targeted, while providing poor incentives for preparedness or risk reduction. The way forward centres around reforming the funding model for disasters, moving towards plans with simple rules for early action and that are locked in before disasters through credible funding strategies—all while resisting the allure of post-disaster discretionary funding and the threat it poses for those seeking to ensure that disasters have a less severe impact.
Finance as the Glue
Authors: Clarke Daniel J. , Dercon Stefan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Financial and budgetary instruments are the glue that holds credible plans together and makes them strong enough to withstand the whirlwind of highly charged post-disaster politics. When designing and implementing disaster risk financing strategies, details matter. It is important to pay for financial advice and build in-house expertise. Discipline, cost, accuracy, and speed all matter when structuring a disaster risk financing strategy. Speed matters but not all resources are needed at once. The triggers in the financial strategy should match the triggers in the plan. Traditional reinsurance can be particularly useful for locking in plans for reconstruction, and indexed reinsurance can play the same role for financing indexed early actions. Financial instruments can enable multiple parties to contribute to the same plan. Subsidized financial instruments can be used to encourage others to contribute towards the cost of well-defined plans.
Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy During and After Pregnancy: Cohort Study on Women Receiving Care in Malawi's Option B+ Program
Authors: Haas Andreas D. , Msukwa Malango T. , Egger Matthias , Tenthani Lyson , Tweya Hannock , Jahn Andreas , Gadabu Oliver J. , Tal Kali , Salazar-Vizcaya Luisa , Estill Janne , Spoerri Adrian , Phiri Nozgechi , Chimbwandira Frank , van Oosterhout Joep J. , Keiser Olivia 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Background.  Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial to preventing mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and ensuring the long-term effectiveness of ART, yet data are sparse from African routine care programs on maternal adherence to triple ART.
Methods.  We analyzed data from women who started ART at 13 large health facilities in Malawi between September 2011 and October 2013. We defined adherence as the percentage of days “covered” by pharmacy claims. Adherence of ≥90% was deemed adequate. We calculated inverse probability of censoring weights to adjust adherence estimates for informative censoring. We used descriptive statistics, survival analysis, and pooled logistic regression to compare adherence between pregnant and breastfeeding women eligible for ART under Option B+, and nonpregnant and nonbreastfeeding women who started ART with low CD4 cell counts or World Health Organization clinical stage 3/4 disease.
Results.  Adherence was adequate for 73% of the women during pregnancy, for 66% in the first 3 months post partum, and for about 75% during months 4–21 post partum. About 70% of women who started ART during pregnancy and breastfeeding adhered adequately during the first 2 years of ART, but only about 30% of them had maintained adequate adherence at every visit. Risk factors for inadequate adherence included starting ART with an Option B+ indication, at a younger age, or at a district hospital or health center.
Conclusions.  One-third of women retained in the Option B+ program adhered inadequately during pregnancy and breastfeeding, especially soon after delivery. Effective interventions to improve adherence among women in this program should be implemented.