bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of energy consumption improvement for electric vehicles in platoon driving
Authors: Constantin C , Rențea C , Bățăuș M , Frătilă G 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
It is known that platoon driving has a large impact on fuel economy for conventional vehicles and using current available technologies, could be implemented especially on highway driving. Since the transition to electric vehicles is in progress, it is important to evaluate its applicability to this type of vehicles which have different characteristics than conventional ones equipped with an internal combustion engine. This paper aims to investigate the energy consumption improvement for a platoon of up to 7 electric passenger vehicles using a validated detailed model created in LMS Imagine. Lab AMESim, an industrial modelling and simulation environment. The energy consumption of individual vehicles and also the platoon’s will be calculated for several stabilized speeds and also on a standardized high-speed cycle (HWFET). The analysis will show how the special characteristics of an electric vehicle (lower drag coefficient, increased mass, regenerative braking, etc.) have an influence on the vehicle’s energy consumption when driving in a platoon. This will allow us to also evaluate the platoon driving efficacity in increasing the vehicle’s driving range.
Comparative study on rolling resistance force in tire-ice interaction with a variation of tread rubber compound
Authors: Shenvi M N , Sandu C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The complex phenomenon involved in the tire-ice interaction can be better understood by studying the tire and ice properties. A significant force at the contact patch is the rolling resistance force. To study the effect of tire characteristics on rolling resistance forces, data collected from a free-rolling tire can be used as there is no tractive or braking torque applied to the wheel and thus the data representing the longitudinal forces is only related to resistive forces viz. friction and rolling resistance force. Although a lot of research and literature has been developed for tire-ice interaction over the years, there is a significant lack of work in the subsection of free-rolling tires specifically to study the effect of ice parameters on rolling resistance forces. To fulfill the aim of this study, several sets of experiments for 16 winter tires of 8 different rubber compounds in free-rolling conditions were conducted. The experimental data was compared with predictions of 4 well-known formulations from the literature. Based on the findings and the relative error between the predicted and measured values, it was proposed that the high error percentage could be due to the variation in the viscoelastic properties of the tread rubber. The longitudinal force generated during those tests would thus be a combination of frictional forces due to adhesion between the tread rubber and its viscoelastic nature in addition to the contribution from the remaining sections of the tire. The data collected from the experiments and results from implementing the existing models to obtain frictional force will further help in analyzing the relation between the rolling resistance force with variation in normal load, inflation pressure, and change in camber angle once a generic formulation considering the rubber compound effects is incorporated. Another significant finding of this work is that formulations in literature used for finding the rolling resistance coefficient of radial passenger car tires were found to highly underestimate the coefficient when compared to the equivalent coefficient of friction found from experimental results. The future scope may include the development of a model which will incorporate the viscoelastic properties, especially the loss moduli and loss tangent to evaluate the coefficient of friction and rolling resistance force in the free-rolling condition of a winter tire on ice as the rolling resistance losses are found to be highly correlated to these two properties.
Multibody Dynamics and Terramechanics-based modeling and simulation of Quarter-Car with Suspension
Authors: Chaturvedi E , Mukherjee J , Sandu C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
While tires only compress when acted upon by a load in on-road scenarios, in off-road conditions, on the other hand, the tires not only undergo compression but also sinkage into the ground, in a manner that depends on the terrain. The tire-ground contact, in turn, affects the forces acting on the suspension system. Hence, it is necessary to study the vertical dynamic response of a system in off-road conditions by accounting for the terramechanics phenomenon (tire-terrain interface). The forces acting at the tire and terrain interface in off-road conditions have been studied in terramechanics separately; however, their integration with multibody systems is relatively less explored. In this paper, a multibody dynamic-based modeling and simulation of a quarter car with a linear spring-damper suspension system for off-road vehicles is presented. The generalized external forces are obtained using the Bekker-Wong based soil pressure-sinkage approach for two different kind of multibody systems interacting with sandy loam terrain. This model is integrated with the Tangent Space Ordinary Differential Equations of the quarter car and suspension system and solved using numerical integration techniques. Thus, by accounting for the terramechanics in the multibody system, the technique provides a more realistic response of the system in off-road scenarios.
Aerodynamic evaluation of a commercial bus structure
Authors: Balcau M C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article focuses on the aerodynamics evaluation of a commercial intercity bus used on the highway. The research begins with a brief introduction to the state-of-the-art vehicle aerodynamic assessment using the iterative CFD (computational fluid dynamics) method. The second part presented the method to generate the basic CAD model of a commercial bus using the blueprint images. The boundary conditions and the discretization of computational volume are presented in the third part of this document. The aerodynamic evaluation is performed at a velocity of 33.34 m/s, highlighting the velocity distribution around the bus structure and the air pressure on the bus and road surface. For high accuracy of the simulation results, a movable road surface and a rotation zone is introduced around the wheels, according to the simulation case. After analysing the results of the original model is proposed a geometrical improvement by adding the air deflectors to the bus model. The improved bus model is simulated under the same boundary conditions as the base model. The last part of the document presents the comparison study and its conclusions.
Heavy-duty vehicles with solar panels as a regenerative power source
Authors: Popa D.M. , Popa D. , Tabacu S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Road transportation represents more than a third of all CO2-producing sources on Earth, being the main producer of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Nowadays, continuous development of technology has reduced fossil-fuel consumption by integrating clean energy sources as a range extender. Solar energy has the largest potential of all renewable energy sources worldwide. The photovoltaic and energy storage research fields have grown exponentially during the last decade and, forced by the current energy crisis, had a great contribution to the hybrid solar vehicles (HSV) industry. Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaics (VIPV) comply with requirements on vehicles aesthetics, and they convert solar energy into electric energy to supply the low-voltage and high-voltage battery packs onboard HSV. Heavy-load road transportation by commercial vehicles equipped with PV-integrated modules or retrofit installation will contribute to global decarbonization. A study is done on a configuration of a heavy-duty vehicle with its cuboid cargo body covered with solar panels and a regulated driving route during different weather conditions [3]. The energy management system is designed to maximize solar energy conversion in order to reduce fuel consumption and extend the vehicle’s total driving distance.
Development of a coupled process - design numerical model for an automotive assembly
Authors: Stirosu M , Badea A , Sandu A I , Tabacu S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The product development process is a very challenging one, especially in the case of the automotive industry. The actual constructions require performance and quality while focusing on mechanical performance, lightweight and cost-effective. Thus, the virtual development stage is critical. Once the product is validated according to its geometrical definition and features, it is necessary to evaluate its mechanical performance. This process is usually performed using numerical simulation methods. In this paper, the numerical process performed for the validation of a safety part is discussed. As a specific feature, the assembly is finished using a riveting process. The manufacturing process’s influence on the assembly’s mechanical performance is further investigated. A discussion of the methods available for the design validation summarizes the finding of this specific work.
Case study of optimization of junction for the access to Iulius Mall Suceava
Authors: Vilcan A , Nicolae V , Martin I , Ionescu E , Istrate M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The impact of new commercial developments in urban areas is twofold, first one is given by the increased economic activity and increasing number of working places, and secondly increasing traffic in the area of development might lead to congestion. Therefore, it is of high importance the optimisation of access and junctions and street network in the area, to balance the two aspects mentioned before.
Speckle autocorrelation separation method based on frequency intensity for tracking moving object beyond optical memory effect
Authors: Shi Shigong , Cui Guangmang , Liu Yang , Xiang Qinlei , Zhao Jufeng , Liao Fu , Cui Weize 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Imaging objects behind a scattering medium beyond the optical memory effect (OME) range is vital in various imaging scenarios. Despite numerous proposed imaging methods aimed at separating objects, effectively tracking moving objects remains challenging. In this paper, we present a non-invasive scattering imaging method to reconstruct target beyond the OME range and track moving objects using a speckle separation and position estimation technique. A speckle autocorrelation separation method based on frequency intensity is proposed to eliminate the noise from the cross-correlation and to separate the objects from the mixed speckles. A position estimation technique is proposed to determine the positional relationships of the objects using speckle deconvolution using the point spread function of imaging regions. A non-invasive imaging system is designed to track the moving object without prior knowledge of the shape and distribution of objects. Experimental validation shows the efficiency of the method for separation and localization, allowing for the reconstruction of the target behind the scattering medium and tracking of the moving object behind the scattering medium. Moreover, the method is capable of separating and tracking a moving object when multiple objects are in the background.
Band alignments, conduction band edges and intralayer bandgap renormalisation in MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers
Authors: Graham A J , Nguyen P V , Park H , Nunn J , Kandyba V , Cattelan M , Giampietri A , Barinov A , Xu X , Cobden D H , Wilson N R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Stacking two semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide (MX2) monolayers to form a heterobilayer creates a new variety of semiconductor junction with unique optoelectronic features, such as hosting long-lived dipolar interlayer excitons. Despite many optical, transport, and theoretical studies, there have been few direct electronic structure measurements of these junctions. Here, we apply angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with micron-scale spatial resolution (µARPES) to determine the band alignments in MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers, using in-situ electrostatic gating to electron-dope and thus probe the conduction band edges. By comparing spectra from heterobilayers with opposite stacking orders, that is, with either MoSe2 or WSe2 on top, we confirm that the band alignment is type II, with the valence band maximum in the WSe2 and the conduction band minimum in the MoSe2. The overall band gap is E
G = 1.43 ± 0.03 eV, and to within experimental uncertainty it is unaffected by electron doping. However, the offset between the WSe2 and MoSe2 valence bands clearly decreases with increasing electron doping, implying band renormalisation only in the MoSe2, the layer in which the electrons accumulate. In contrast, µARPES spectra from a WS2/MoSe2 heterobilayer indicate type I band alignment, with both band edges in the MoSe2. These insights into the doping-dependent band alignments and gaps of MX2 heterobilayers will be useful for properly understanding and ultimately utilizing their optoelectronic properties.
Influence of process parameters on the organization and properties of 316L-SCBCC bracket formed by selective zone laser melting
Authors: Ju Xiaoyu , Song Xiujuan , Xu Shubo , Hu Xinzhi , Liu Renhui , Sun Kangwei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
316L porous skeletal scaffolds prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) technology are currently widely used in bone injuries. Its successful implantation is predicated on having properties that match those of natural bone. The process parameters significantly influence the performance of SLM-316L porous scaffold. In this study, the nine-group shaping process parameters were determined by orthogonal method. The 316L porous scaffolds were tested in compression, electrochemistry, XRD and microstructure. The influence of process parameters on the performance of body-centered cubic peripheral square structure bracket was investigated. The influence laws of process parameters on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance were obtained. The results show that process parameters have a significant effect on the microstructure, properties and defect distribution. The reduction of defects and grain refinement in the stent is conducive to the improvement of compressive properties and hardness of the stent. The magnitude of the hardness is inversely related to the grain size. The corrosion current density of porous scaffolds are also affected by their microscopic defects and grain size. At an energy density of 78.70 J mm−3 presents the least defects and obtains smaller grains, resulting in the best mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
Effect of Cu/Bi ratio on the photoelectrochemical performance of CuBi2O4/CuO nanocomposite films for CO2 reduction
Authors: Gonzaga Ian Lorenzo E , Mercado Candy C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Solar energy is free, clean, and virtually limitless; however, its conversion into a storable form presents technological challenges. One avenue towards solar energy utilization is the photoelectrochemical (PEC) reduction of CO2 to one- or two-carbon fuels, employing a semiconductor configured as an electrode. A potential material for this application is the p-type copper bismuth oxide (CuBi2O4) with a band gap capable of visible light absorption and a conduction band edge position suitable for CO2 reduction. In this study, CuBi2O4 nanocomposite films of varying Cu/Bi ratios (0.25, 0.51, 0.68, 0.94, 2.04) were prepared via an electrodeposition-spray deposition-annealing route. Where the Cu/Bi ratio exceeded the stoichiometric value of 0.5, a bilayered film composed of a copper (II) oxide (CuO) phase on top of CuBi2O4 was formed, creating a planar heterojunction between the two oxide layers. With increasing Cu/Bi ratio, the light absorption range of the films broadened due to the CuO phase. Analysis of the photocurrent–potential behavior of the films under visible-light illumination showed a 4–7-fold increase in the photocurrent from an inert electrolyte to a CO2-saturated electrolyte, confirming potential activity for CO2 reduction of the CuBi2O4/CuO films. A higher Cu/Bi ratio resulted to an improved charge separation efficiency, enhancing the photocurrent generation. However, the transient photocurrent response of the films showed a 70%–80% decrease in the photocurrent after only 15 min of testing. When tested in an electrolyte with an electron scavenger, the percent decrease was lowered to <10%, indicating that the instability of the films resulted from poor interfacial kinetics. While the CuBi2O4/CuO nanocomposite films can accomplish CO2 reduction, further strategies to improve their efficiency and stability are needed to realize practical application.
Enhancing phosphorus removal: the impact of alkaline environment in eutrophic water systems
Authors: Zhang Yi , Liu Benhong , Liu Lei , Wang Jue 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Excessive phosphorus input leads to poor water quality and eutrophication. However, limited research has directly explored the influence of pH on phosphorous in actual aquatic systems. This study investigated the effect of pH on phosphorus removal in synthetic, eutrophic, and black-odorous water. The pH levels ranging from 3.5 to 12.0 were adjusted using H2SO4, NaOH, and cement with a 0.5 ± 0.03 interval, followed by a 25 ± 1 °C static water bath for 24 h. Results showed that NaOH-adjusted pH removed >65% TP from eutrophic water (pH ≥9.50) and black-odorous water (pH ≥11.0). Meanwhile, cement-adjusted pH removed >84%, >90%, and >82% TP from the synthetic solution (pH ≥11.0), eutrophic water (pH ≥9.5), and black-odorous water (pH ≥9.5), respectively. The alkaline environment enhanced the formation of Ca-P in eutrophic water and black-odorous water, and cement strengthened the chemical precipitation of phosphorus by providing additional Ca2+. This study lays the groundwork for pH adjustment strategies in eutrophic water, holding significant implications for water resource management and environmental protection.
Immobilization of Pb, Cd, and Cr in contaminated soil around mining areas using Mg/Al LDH-zeolite and evaluation of maize growth
Authors: Nguyen Thi Bich Hanh , Van Huu-Tap , Dang Van Minh , Hoang Van Hung , Nguyen Thu Huong , Hoang Trung Kien 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study conducted simultaneous adsorption of Pb, Cd, and Cr ions using Mg/Al LDH-zeolite on contaminated soils from lead-zinc and tin mining areas. The optimal conditions were a 3% adsorbent-to-soil ratio, a 30-day incubation period, and 70% soil moisture. Characterization of the materials revealed that Mg/Al LDH-zeolite has superior physicochemical properties to natural zeolite, with a higher surface area and better adsorption capacity. Results indicated significant reductions in exchangeable heavy metal content: in lead-zinc mining area soil, exchangeable Pb decreased from 139.79 mg kg−1 to 10.95 mg kg−1, Cd−1 from 1.518 mg kg−1 to 0.533 mg kg−1, and Cr from 2.636 mg kg−1 to 0.461 mg/kg using Mg/Al LDH-zeolite. In tin mining area soil, exchangeable Pb decreased from 583.97 mg kg−1 to 48.22 mg kg−1, Cd−1 from 0.498 mg kg−1 to 0.122 mg kg−1, and Cr from 106.095 mg kg−1 to 38.038 mg/kg. Maize cultivation on post-adsorption soil showed improved growth performance, with plants exhibiting increased height and ear and reduced heavy metal accumulation in roots, shoots, and grains. Pb, Cd, and Cr concentrations in maize roots decreased significantly, with Pb reducing to 0.113 mg kg−1 in the lead-zinc area and 0.203 mg kg−1 in the tin area, Cd reducing to 0.061 mg kg−1 and 0.037 mg kg−1, respectively, and Cr reducing to 0.036 mg kg−1 and 0.243 mg kg−1 respectively. Mg/Al LDH-zeolite consistently demonstrated higher efficiency in reducing the bioavailability and translocation of heavy metals in maize tissues, confirming its potential as an effective adsorbent for soil remediation. Key mechanisms, including adsorption, surface complexation, ion exchange, precipitation, and structural incorporation, reduce metal mobility and bioavailability.
MC-VMD-CNN-BiLSTM short-term wind power prediction considering rolling error correction
Authors: Kuang Ming , Liu Xiang , Zhao Meng , Zhang Haonan , Wu Xin , Tian Youwen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Wind energy is a clean and renewable source that has the potential to alleviate the global fossil fuel crisis and environmental pollution by generating electricity. However, accurately predicting wind energy output remains challenging due to its inherent uncertainty. To enhance the accuracy of wind power prediction, a short-term wind power forecasting method for power systems, MC-VMD-CNN-BiLSTM, is proposed, which considers error rolling correction. The method begins with feature selection and outlier handling using the quadrature method. Then, wind power data is decomposed into multiple sub-sequences using the Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) technique to reduce the raw volatility of wind power. Then, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) followed by a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model is used for wind power prediction. Finally, the proposed method utilizes the Monte Carlo method for rolling error correction by using known errors from previous time frames to correct subsequent predictions. The MC-VMD-CNN-BiLSTM proposed in this paper considering error rolling correction is compared with ELM, SVM, PSO-BP and ARIMA models through an example analysis of the data of a city, and the proposed model in this paper reduces 61.78%, 50.35%, 62.30% and 73.05% in the NRMSE index in the spring as an example, respectively. The results show that the prediction model proposed in this paper has higher prediction accuracy compared with the traditional prediction model.
On the predictability of possible storylines for forced complex systems
Authors: Lohmann Johannes , Wuyts Bert , Ditlevsen Peter D , Ashwin Peter 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
It is well-known that even for fairly simple deterministic nonlinear systems, exact prediction of future state is, on average, impossible beyond some small multiple of the Lyapunov time that quantifies the rate of separation of trajectories within an attractor. Nonetheless, it may be possible to find a physical measure that is the distribution of a trajectory within the attractor. In that sense, there can be a still weaker form of predictability. In this paper, we show that this can also fail but an even weaker form of predictability can appear for non-autonomous (i.e. forced) systems in the presence of tipping points. The predictability of possible storylines appears when one can interpret the frequencies of runs within an ensemble arriving at one of several possible future attractors (storylines) in a probabilistic manner. As predictability is a major concern and a challenge in climate science, we illustrate this notion of predictability with two climate-related examples: a chaotic energy balance model and a global ocean model featuring a tipping point of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.