bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steam-Solvent Coinjection under Reservoir Heterogeneity: Should ES-SAGD be Implemented for Highly Heterogeneous Reservoirs?
Authors: Venkat Venkatramani Arun , Okuno Ryosuke 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Expanding-solvent steam-assisted gravity drainage (ES-SAGD) is a widely-investigated alternative to SAGD, considering its potential to reduce thermal losses while enhancing bitumen recovery. However, most prior studies on ES-SAGD were limited to homogeneous reservoirs. This research presents a mechanistic analysis of ES-SAGD in heterogeneous reservoirs in terms of cumulative steam-oil ratio (SOR) as a function of steam-chamber size.
Simulation case studies for SAGD and ES-SAGD with normal hexane are conducted for geostatistical realizations of two types of heterogeneous Athabasca-bitumen reservoirs. For the first type, shale barriers are oriented horizontally relative to the top and basal planes of the reservoir. For the second type, they are inclined and more representative of the middle McMurray member. The solubility of water in the oleic phase at elevated temperatures is properly modeled to ensure reliable comparison between SAGD and ES-SAGD.
Results show that ES-SAGD is less sensitive to heterogeneity than SAGD in terms of cumulative SOR for simulations at 35 bars and 2 mol% solvent-injection concentration for a reservoir thickness of 20 m. On average, the reduction in SOR due to steam-solvent coinjection is simulated to be greater under heterogeneity. The margin of SOR reduction is greater in reservoirs with inclined shale barriers than in those with horizontal shale barriers.
Analysis of simulation results indicates that the injected solvent tends to accumulate more significantly under heterogeneity, which enhances the mechanisms of ES-SAGD, such as dilution of bitumen by solvent and reduced thermal losses to the overburden. Tortuous hydraulic paths and slower gravity drainage under heterogeneity enhance the mixing between solvent and bitumen in the transverse direction along the edge of a steam chamber. Then, a larger amount of the accumulated solvent tends to facilitate lower temperatures near the chamber edge. Lower chamber-edge temperatures combined with restricted access to the overburden under heterogeneity alter the chamber geometry such that the contact area for overburden heat losses is further reduced.
Simple Calculation of the Effect of Volatile Solvents and Dissolved Gases on the Viscosity of Heavy Oils and Bitumens
Authors: Freitag N. P. , Dolter A. E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A new method is proposed for simple and reliable viscosity calculations for mixtures of heavy oils or bitumens with light solvents. This method has three characteristics that give it an advantage over current approaches. First, it is simple to implement. Second, it faithfully portrays the viscosity of mixtures of Newtonian fluids up to at least 190°C. Third, and most importantly, it makes use of the recent discovery that, for any given heavy oil, all light solvents can be represented at low concentrations by the same mole-fraction-weighted form of the Arrhenius equation. For high concentrations, an additional, empirical power-law term, whose exponent was determined from new viscosity data for toluene–heavy oil mixtures, was developed. The average absolute relative deviation (AARD) between 307 experimental viscosity measurements and the new equation was 20.1%. The data set included mixture viscosities from 1 to 440,000 mPa·s, at temperatures from 12 to 190°C. The largest disagreements were -63% and 101% of the measured values. It is suggested that a substantial portion of the observed disagreements arose from combined errors in the experimental measurement of viscosities, solvent compositions, and average molecular weights of the oils.
It was found that the one key constant for describing concentration effects could be correlated reasonably well with the viscosity of the dead oil. When this constant was calculated from the resulting correlation, the AARD for the initial data set increased by only a modest amount to 27.7%. The disagreements were somewhat larger when the new method was used to make pure predictions of two published data sets. Accordingly, it was concluded that the new approach can be used to make reasonable predictions (possibly within a factor of 2) of solvent–oil mixture viscosities simply from accurate knowledge of the viscosities and molecular weights of the dead oil and solvent. However, substantially better predictions may be obtained for any light solvent if the above information is supplemented with even relatively inexpensive laboratory data taken with a lower-volatility solvent such as toluene.
Silica-Based Nanofluid Heavy Oil Recovery A Microfluidic Approach
Authors: Bazazi Parisa , Gates Ian D. , Sanati Nezhad Amir , Hejazi S. Hossein 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Heavy oil reservoirs form one of the primary unconventional fossil fuel resources to meet the growing demand for global energy. Hydrocarbon recovery yields from these reservoirs is often low or requires energy intensive thermal processes. For instance, in the case of waterflooding in heavy oil reservoirs, high oil viscosity results in early breakthrough and poor sweep efficiencies. Polymers have been used to increase the displacing water viscosity for conformance control and viscous fingering attenuation. However, polymer degradation and entrapment inside the reservoir make them less attractive. Recent experiments using conventional oil samples showed that the incorporation of silica nanoparticles in the injected solution (i.e. nanofluid) can dramatically enhance oil production. Nanofluids are more stable than polymers in harsh reservoir conditions, also they can modify the interfacial properties between oil and water, and thereby nanofluids may provide capabilities for heavy oil recovery.
In this study, a microfluidic platform was utilized to monitor the process of nanofluid-based heavy oil recovery for a representative Alberta heavy oil sample. To create a reference, recovery experiments were repeated with waterflooding and surfactant flooding process. Consistent with coreflood experiments for conventional oil samples, nanofluid injection increases the oil recovery compared to the waterflooding. Microscale visualization revealed that emulsion formation during heavy oil displacement with chemicals is the main factor in incremental recovery.
The developed microfluidic approach is a powerful mimetic model for the real-time visualization of the chemical-based heavy oil recovery process in micro/nano scale. Considering the time-consuming and expensive nature of coreflood experiments, this method provides an attractive alternative for rapid and low-cost chemical-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) screening studies. Results demonstrate the strength of nanofluid-EOR as an efficient recovery method for Alberta heavy oil reservoirs.
Discrete-Element-Method/Computational-Fluid-Dynamics Coupling Simulation of Proppant Embedment and Fracture Conductivity After Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Zhang Fengshou , Zhu Haiyan , Zhou Hanguo , Guo Jianchun , Huang Bo 
Published: February 2017

Summary
In this paper, an integrated discrete-element-method (DEM)/computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) numerical-modeling work flow is developed to model proppant embedment and fracture conductivity after hydraulic fracturing. Proppant with diameter from 0.15 to 0.83 mm was modeled as a frictional particle assembly, whereas shale formation was modeled as a bonded particle assembly by using the bonded-particle model in PFC3D (Itasca Consulting Group 2010). The mechanical interaction between proppant pack and shale formation during the process of fracture closing was first modeled with DEM. Then, fracture conductivity after the fracture closing was evaluated by modeling fluid flow through the proppant pack by use of DEM coupled with CFD. The numerical model was verified by laboratory fracture-conductivity experiment results and the Kozeny-Carman equation. The simulation results show that the fracture conductivity increases with the increase of proppant concentration or proppant size, and decreases with the increase of fracture-closing stress or degree of shale hydration; shale-hydration effect was confirmed to be the main reason for the large amount of proppant embedment.
SAGD Sand Control: Large Scale Testing Results
Authors: Anderson M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) producer wells in the McMurray formation require sand control technologies that will limit sand production while minimizing production constraints caused by high pressure drops and liner plugging. Previous publications around sand control selection and sizing for SAGD producers have provided varied and often conflicting design recommendations based on the expected formation sand particle size distribution. Small scale lab testing of sand control medium is often challenged with inconsistent results and uncertainty around the appropriate normalization for test comparison and scaling up to real-world applications.
Devon Canada designed and constructed an in-house large scale liner testing apparatus to evaluate sand control technologies and determine the optimal aperture or filter size for sand types expected in the McMurray formation of the future Pike 1 SAGD project. The large scale liner testing results are presented in this paper along with the final recommendation for sand control on Pike SAGD producer wells. A brief review of the Pike McMurray sand typing and small scale liner testing is also presented.
KONTRIBUSI MOTIVASI, PENGUASAAN INFORMASI DAN PERSEPSI MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN KIMIA TERHADAP KESIAPAN IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Hasriani Ayu , Arty Indyah Sulistyo 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya kontribusi tidak langsung dan kontribusi langsung dari motivasi, penguasaan informasi, dan persepsi mahasiswa pendidikan kimia tentang kurikulum 2013 terhadap kesiapan implementasi pada pembelajaran. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan expost facto. Sampel penelitian ditentukan melalui teknik purposive sampling. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui angket, penilaian antar teman, serta tes. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis jalur (path analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) motivasi dan penguasaan informasi berkontribusi secara tidak langsung terhadap kesiapan implementasi kurikulum sebesar 20,2%. Kontribusi tidak langsung dari motivasi dan penguasaan informasi mengindikasikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh motivasi dan penguasaan informasi terhadap persepsi. (2) motivasi, penguasaan informasi, dan persepsi mahasiswa pendidikan kimia tentang kurikulum 2013 berkontribusi langsung terhadap kesiapan implementasi kurikulum 13 pada pembelajaran, dengan kontribusi sebesar 54,8%. Hasil ini menggambarkan bahwa kesiapan mahasiswa untuk mengimplementasikan kurikulum 13 dipengaruhi oleh motivasi, penguasaan informasi, dan persepsi mahasiswa tentang kurikulum. Kata Kunci: motivasi, penguasaan informasi, persepsi, implementasi kurikulum. CONTRIBUTION OF MOTIVATION, MASTERY OF INFORMATION, AND PERCEPTION OF CHEMISTRY EDUCATION STUDENTS TOWARDS CURRICULUM 2013 IMPLEMENTATION READINESS Abstract This research aims to find out the direct and indirect contribution of motivation, mastery of information, and chemistry education student’s perception of curriculum 2013 towards its implementation readiness in learning. This research is classified to expost facto. The sample was established using purposive sampling technique. The data were collected through inventories, peer assessment and test, and than were analyzed using path analysis. The results of the study show as follows. 1) Motivation and mastery of information give indirect contribution towards implementation readiness for about 20,2%. Indirect contribution of motivation and mastery of information indicate there are the effect of motivation and mastery of information towards perception. 2) Motivation, mastery of information, and chemistry education student’s perception of curriculum 2013 given direct contribution towards implementation readiness in learning, for about 54,8%. The results show, that the student’s readiness to implementation curriculum is affected by motivation, mastery of information, and student’s perception of curriculum. Keywords: motivation, mastery of information, perseption, implementation curriculum.
Pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis android pada materi kelarutan untuk meningkatkan performa akademik siswa SMA
Authors: Yektyastuti Resti , Ikhsan Jaslin 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengembangkan media pembelajaran kimia berbasis Android pada materi kelarutan; (2) menguji tingkat kelayakan media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan; serta (3) menguji pengaruh penggunaan media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan terhadap performa akademik peserta didik SMA. Penelitian ini merupakan Research and Development dengan mengadaptasi model Borg & Gall yang dimodifikasi menjadi lima tahap, yaitu pengumpulan informasi, perencanaan produk, pengembangan produk, validasi produk, dan evaluasi produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) software media pembelajaran kimia berbasis Android pada materi kelarutan telah tersusun dengan mendapat masukan dari validator, teman sejawat dan pendidik kimia; (2) media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan dinilai layak digunakan pada pembelajaran kimia ditinjau dari penilaian aspek materi dan aspek media; serta (3) penggunaan media pembelajaran kimia yang dikembangkan memberikan pengaruh pada peningkatan performa akademik peserta didik SMA.Kata Kunci: media pembelajaran, motivasi belajar, hasil belajar, kimia, kelarutan. Developing Android-Based Instructional Media of Solubility to Improve Academic Performance of High School Students AbstractThis study aims to: (1) develop android-based chemistry instructional media on solubility; (2) proof the feasibility of the developed chemistry instructional media; and (3) proof the effect of using the developed instructional media to the high school students academic performance. This study is classified to research and development that adapted Borg & Gall models modified into five steps: information collecting, product planning, product developing, product validation, and product evaluating. The results of this research are: (1) a software of android-based chemistry instructional media was developed; (2) the developed instructional media were appropriate for teaching, in terms of material and media aspects evaluation; and (3) using of the developed instructional media improved the high school students academic performance.Keywords: instructional media, learning motivation, learning outcome, chemistry, solubility.
Pengembangan SSP zat dan energi berbasis keunggulan lokal untuk meningkatkan literasi sains dan kepedulian lingkungan
Authors: Sya`ban Muhammad Fuad , Wilujeng Insih 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untukuntuk mengembangkan SSP berbasis keunggulan lokal yang layak dipergunakan dalam meningkatkan literasi sains dan kepedulian lingkungan siswa MTs. Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan metode Borg & Gall. Subjek uji coba lapangan terdiri dari 50 orang siswa kelas VII MTs Manbaul Ulum. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, bahwa SSP yang telah dikembangkan layak dipergunakan, berdasarkan hasil penilaian validator “sangat baik” dan berdasarkan hasil uji beda antara kelas kontrol dan eksperimen yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaan rata-rata nilai literasi sains antara dua kelas tersebut yaitu terdapat peningkatan literasi sains siswa menggunakan SSP berbasis kearifan lokal yang dikembangkan.Kata kunci: SSP, keunggulan lokal, literasi sains, dan kepedulian lingkungan Developing of Essence and Energy SSP Based on Local Wisdom to Improve Literacy Science and Environmental Care Of Students of MTs AbstractThis research aims todevelop appropriate subject specific pedagogy based on local wisdom to improveliteracy science and environmental care of students of madrasah Tsanawiyah. This research is used the research and development (R&D) of Borg & Gall model.The research subjects in the main field testing were 50 students of class VII MTs Manbaul ‘Ulum. The result of this research shows that the sets of integrated science learning equipment based on local wisdom is feasible to increase the student`s literacy of science. It can be seen from the validator assessment, i.e. grade A or very good. This feasibiliy is also supported by Manova test on the difference of grades study results, literacy science mean score between the experimental class and control class, there is an increase of literacy science using SSP based on local wisdom that was developed.Keywords: SSP,local wisdom, literacy science, and environmental care
Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran fisika problem based learning melalui kegiatan fieldtrip pada materi energi
Authors: Yarid Hatta , Ariswan Ariswan 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran fisika model problem based learning melalui kegiatan fieldtrip yang layak, (2) mengidentifikasi hasil belajar fisika berupa aspek kognitif, minat belajar, dan berpikir kreatif. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development). Validasi dilakukan oleh dua dosen ahli dan uji keterbacaan diujicobakan pada peserta didik. Subjek coba dilakukan pada kelas XI SMA sebanyak 30 peserta didik. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan pedoman wawancara, angket, dan observasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis isi dan analisis deskriptif presentase. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah: (1) perangkat pembelajaran fisika dinyatakan layak dengan kriteria baik, (2) hasil belajar pada aspek kognitif diperoleh rata-rata kelas eksperimen sebesar 62,93, dan rata-rata kelas kontrol sebesar 57,20. Hasil minat belajar peserta didik, pada kelas eksperimen memiliki rata-rata sebesar 67,50, dan pada kelas kontrol memiliki rata-rata sebesar 65,65. Sedangkan hasil belajar berpikir kreatif peserta didik diperoleh rata-rata kelas eksperimen sebesar 74,91, dan rata-rata kelas kontrol sebesar 65,56.Kata Kunci: model problem based learning, fieldtrip, hasil belajar, kognitif, minat belajar, berpikir kreatif, perangkat pembelajaran fisika. A Problem Based Learning Model in Physics Learning Equipment Development Through a Fieldtrip Activity in Energy Material AbstractThis research was aimed to: (1) yield a learning-based problem model of physics learning equipment through a feasible fieldtrip, (2) identify physics learning results in the forms of cognitive aspect, learning interest and learner creative thinking from physics learning implementation with a problem-based learning model through a fieldtrip activity.This was a research and development research. The validation towards learning equipment was conducted by two expert lecturers and learning equipment readable was experimented to the learners. The experimented subject was conducted in XI Senior High School grade numbered 30 learners. Data gathering instrument used interview guide, questionnaire and observation. Data analysis was conducted by a content analysis and percentage descriptive analysis. It could be concluded that: (1) physics learning equipment was declared feasible with good criteria, (2) learning results in cognitive aspect in the experimental class obtained average of 62.93 and controlled class average of 57.20. The results of learners learning interest in the experimental class had an average of 67.50 and controlled class average was 65.56. While learning result of learner creative thinking was obtained experimental class average of 74.91 and controlled class average of 65.56. Keywords: problem-based learning model, fieldtrip, learning results, cognitive, learning interest, creative thinking, physics learning equipment
Pengembangan modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi reaksi oksidasi – reduksi
Authors: Rohmiyati Nazillatur , Ashadi Ashadi , Utomo Suryadi Budi 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Menganalisis kelayakan modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi reaksi oksidasi dan reduksi untuk siswa SMK kelas X, (2) Mengetahui efektivitas modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi reaksi oksidasi dan reduksi untuk siswa SMK kelas X. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D). Penelitian dilakukan di SMK N Kota Salatiga Program Studi Keahlian Teknik Otomotif. Kelayakan modul diketahui melalui tahap validasi ahli serta respon guru dan siswa sedangkan efektifitas modul melalui penelitian eksperimen. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan tes untuk hasil belajar kognitif, lembar observasi untuk hasil belajar afektif dan psikomotor. Hipotesis diuji menggunakan Anava dan Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis of variance. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan: (1) Modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi reaksi oksidasi dan reduksi yang dikembangkan layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran kimia, (2) Modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi reaksi oksidasi dan reduksi yang dikembangkan efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Rata – rata hasil belajar siswa yang belajar menggunakan modul lebih tinggi dibandingkan rata – rata hasil belajar siswa yang belajar menggunakan LKS.Kata Kunci: pengembangan, modul, inkuiri terbimbing, reaksi oksidasi dan reduksiThe Development of Chemical Modules Based Guided Inquiry in the Oxidation and Reduction Reactions Matter AbstractThis study was aimed to: (1) Analyze the feasibility of chemical module based on guided inquiry in oxidation and reduction reactions material on 10th grade students of vocational students, (2) Determine the effectiveness of chemical module based guided inquiry on oxidation and reduction reactions material on 10th grade students of vocational students. This study is a Research and Development (R&D). The study was conducted in SMK N Salatiga in Automotive Engineering Skills Program. To determine the feasibility of the module through the validation by experts and the response from teachers and students. Whereas to determine the effectiveness of the module in the learning process through by experimental research. Data was collected using a test for cognitive learning outcomes, observation sheet for affective and psychomotor learning outcomes. The hypothesis was tested using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. The conclusion: (1) Developed chemical module based on guided inquiry in oxidation and reduction reactions material is fit as learning material in chemistry subject, (2) Developed chemical module based on guided inquiry in oxidation and reduction reactions material is effectively used to improve student learning outcomes. Average student learning outcomes that study using chemical modul is higher than the average student learning outcomes that study using worksheets.Keywords: development, modules, guided inquiry, oxidation and reduction reactions