bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perpetual succession limits the scope of an individual
Authors: Pattnaik Sarthak 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to clarify the relationship between perpetual succession and individual perpetual succession is the continuation of a company’s or other association’s presence in spite of the demise, liquidation, insanity, change in enrollment or a way out from the matter of any proprietor or part, or any exchange of stock.Design/methodology/approachThe paper opted for a study using the related case studies. Moreover, this paper has all the necessary examples that are required for perpetual succession.FindingsThe paper provides that any adjustment in participation of a company does not affect the status of the company, death, insolvency, insanity and so forth of any member from a company does not influence the progression of the company. Thus, the life of the company does not rely on the life of its member directors. It may proceed forever, independent of continuity of its members or directors except in case of winding up or liquidation of a company.Originality/valueThis paper is to study how perpetual succession limits the scope of an individual.
Factors influencing knowledge sharing among information and communication technology artisans in Nigeria
Authors: Omotayo Funmilola Olubunmi , Babalola Samuel Oyelami 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors influencing knowledge sharing (KS) among information and communication technology (ICT) artisans in Nigeria by adopting the social exchange and social capital theories.Design/methodology/approachSurvey research design was adopted. Convenience and snowball sampling techniques were used to select the respondents. In total, 285 copies of questionnaire were distributed, of which 214 copies were considered useful for data analysis, giving a 75.09 per cent response rate.FindingsThe results show that the gender of the artisans, perceived benefits, social identification, shared language and goals had positive significant and relationships with KS except social identification where the relationship was negative.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings and conclusion from this paper are subjected to a number of limitations. Because the population was limited to a small population and the study adopted convenience and snowball techniques, the results cannot be generalised to all ICT artisans in Nigeria.Practical implicationsThe paper confirms the role of social exchange and social capital theories in interpreting individual’s behaviour in KS and provides useful insights on how to implement good KS practices among the artisans.Social implicationsThis paper could assist policymakers in promoting and implementing KS practices among professionals and quasi-professionals who contribute to the gross domestic product of the country.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first pieces of empirical research on KS among information technology artisans in Nigeria that used the social exchange and social capital theories.
Action in action research
Authors: Melin Ulf , Axelsson Karin 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the concept of action by addressing actions and roles in the practice of action research, illustrated by dilemmas in an action research project on information systems development in public sector. The main ambition with action research is being able to solve organisational problems through intervention and to contribute to scientific knowledge. The main emphasis has so far been on the “research part”. Here the authors focus on the “action part” of action research to generate rigorous research, to solve local problems and to deal with evident dilemmas in action research.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a qualitative case study. The empirical illustrations of this paper originate from an action research project that focused the two e-service development initiatives analysed below. The analysis is structured using key aspects and phases proposed by Avison et al. (2001). As a result of the analysis, the concept of action is elaborated. The action elements action, actor, motive, space and time are analysed together with different roles. This goes beyond the existing action research literature.

Findings
The conclusions show that there is a need to understand actions and roles within action research projects – not separating action from research. Research is also seen as action. The practice of action research is also discussed as context-bounded interactive social action: action research as a recurrent, interactive and dynamic activity. It is also identified that the understanding of roles, actions and interaction can help handle dilemmas in action research.

Research Limitations/implications
The authors contribute to the body of knowledge concerning action research in the information systems research field and in general by exploring the need to study the concept of action (e.g. situations and elements), to be explicit concerning the different phases, roles and responsibilities and management of different dilemmas in action research. A limitation of this study is that the inter-organisational development character in this study adds an extra dimension into the practice of actions research only partially highlighted. Another limitation is focus on public agencies. However, this is not critical for the results on action elements and the action research dilemmas that are studied.

Practical Implications
The understanding of roles, actions and interaction can solve the dilemmas and challenges linked to the practice of action research in the information systems field, but such understanding can help discover and handle dilemmas in action research.

Originality/value
The originality in this research is an illustration of and a perspective of action research as a context-bounded interactive social action: action research as a recurrent, interactive and dynamic activity. The value is that this knowledge can help handle dilemmas in action research.
Challenges in measuring readiness for entrepreneurship
Authors: Ruiz Jesús , Soriano Domingo Ribeiro , Coduras Alicia 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to establish a readiness for entrepreneurship theoretical framework. The paper marks the first of three stages to build a scale to measure readiness for entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approach– The current paper is conceptual. The research approach consists of formulating proposals and definitions based on an extensive literature review.Findings– The literature review reveals that no such readiness for entrepreneurship measurement tool exists. The literature review also yields definitions and components of key concepts for the theoretical framework.Research limitations/implications– The paper offers a new, holistic perspective of readiness for entrepreneurship. This research addresses measurement of readiness for entrepreneurship from a rigorous, scientific approach. The main limitation lies in capturing and organizing extensive information on topics from diverse disciplines (i.e. sociology, psychology, and business management).Practical implications– This theoretical framework enables the design and creation of a scale to measure readiness for entrepreneurship. The literature review confirmed the possibility of building such a measurement scale.Social implications– A complex tool able to identify and measure readiness for entrepreneurship would be applicable in numerous situations including the following: determining entrepreneurial abilities, analyzing potential for entrepreneurship, simulating organizational transformations, and evaluating investment recommendations.Originality/value– No holistic, scientifically grounded tool to measure readiness for entrepreneurship exists, yet there are numerous entrepreneurial capacity tests with no rigorous scientific grounding. As a remedy, this paper provides solid scientific foundations upon which to develop an instrument for measuring readiness for entrepreneurship.
The role played by job and non-job-related TMT diversity traits on firm performance and strategic change
Authors: Díaz-Fernández M. Carmen , González-Rodríguez M. Rosario , Simonetti Biagio 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– Despite an increasing number of studies focusing on workforce diversity, few consistent results and conclusions have yet been reached (Shoreet al., 2009). The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrative model of diversity, taking the Upper Echelon Theory further.Design/methodology/approach– The model proposed tests the influence of job-related and non-job-related (or task-related) top management team (TMT) diversity on firm performance and strategic change. The mediation effect of performance on the TMT diversity-strategic change relation is emphasized in the model. A covariance-based structural equation modelling has been used to test the relationships involved in the research model.Findings– An inverse relation between prior organizational performance and strategic change is found and some TMT diversity predictors appear to be more relevant than others in explaining performance and strategic change. In addition the mediator role of performance significantly influences the TMT diversity composition-strategic change relation.Originality/value– The paper makes several contributions to the existing literature on TMT diversity and the TMT diversity composition-firm performance-strategic change relation.
An exploratory study of the post-audit practices of large UK organisations: the way forward
Authors: Lefley Frank 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the current practices of large UK organisations with respect to post-audits of capital projects with the aim of improving management decision making in the future. The investment process has been clearly mapped out in the literature, with the initial project proposal, appraisal, selection (investment decision), implementation, completion, and finally the post-audit. It is this latter stage which is ignored by so many organisations and has received less attention in the academic literature, a gap the author hopes to fill.

Design/methodology/approach
– The empirical data are collated from a postal questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, followed by a short e-mail questionnaire. A methodological triangulation of empirical data obtained from the questionnaires and interviews, were undertaken to overcome some of the deficiencies from just using one method of data collection. The research is empirical and uses exploratory descriptive analysis to interpret the findings. The author focuses on the aspect of organisational learning theory as a process of continuous improvement, learning from past experience, especially in the management decision-making paradigm.

Findings
– The author discovered nine important reasons for undertaking post-audits and ten for not. An important observation is that while those organisations which do not undertake post-audits attach a greater level of importance to “the reasons for not carrying out post-audits” and “the problems faced in the implementation of post-audits”, these difficulties have been overcome by those organisations that undertake post-audits. Evidence suggests that the current change in business culture, as a result of the recent financial crisis, may be refocusing the aims of post-audits from a learning exercise to one of managerial responsibility.

Research limitations/implications
– The research may be limited (in forming general conclusions) as it is based on a relatively small sample size. The author does not, however, believe that this distracts from its importance.

Practical implications
– The author argues that training the non-users to overcome the perceived difficulties would enhance the investment decision-making process by encouraging them to learn from the experience of those that undertake post-audits.

Originality/value
– The research is original as it reports on a current survey and will fill, what the author perceives to be, a gap in the literature. The respondents to the research consists of some of the most senior executives from the largest UK organisations and their views on academic issues are, in many cases, difficult to obtain; this research therefore has value in this respect. The findings point the way to new lines of enquiry in this field.
Research in a culturally diverse world: reducing redundancies, increasing relevance
Authors: Beritelli Pietro , Dolnicar Sara , Ermen David , Laesser Christian 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to identify means and ways to reduce redundancies and increase relevance in tourism research in a culturally diverse and globalised world.

Design/methodology/approach
The content of this paper is based on minutes of an extensive discussion (panel as well as townhall-type of discussion) at the 2015 AIEST conference in Lijiang, PR China.

Findings
Challenges in today’s tourism research world are identified and ways of how to deal with them are shown. Some of those solutions might provoke change in certain domains. This is why ideas are provided for the AIEST to support and facilitate this change.

Researchlimitations/implications
Limitations come from the research settings of this contribution, which is essentially based on records of a panel and a townhall-type discussion.

Originality/value
We try to provide food for thought, in order to provoke one or the other discussion. This is why we are happy to receive feeback.
How differences matter: tracing diversity practices in obesity treatment and health promotion
Authors: Felt Ulrike , Felder Kay , Penkler Michael 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDiversity has become a buzzword in medical care, denoting a re‐evaluation of what it means to attend to differences among human bodies and lives. Questions about what types of differences matter and how they should be defined have become important normative and analytical challenges. Drawing on two case studies, we show how differences between patients and patient‐collectives are not simply waiting to be recognised and addressed but also enacted within situated healthcare practices. Although concerns with diversity are present in both cases, they take different forms. In a Viennese health–promotion project for obese clients, care practices are both based on and reproduce large‐scale categories that divide the population into distinct subgroups with specific needs. Conversely, in an outpatient clinic for bariatric surgery patients, a technical fix‐oriented procedure leads to concerns over diversity becoming an add‐on realised by tending to each patient's idiosyncrasies and personal stories. By tracing the practices of diversity and the tensions they produce, we show how classifications and understandings of human difference are based on infrastructures that enable and constrain them. Furthermore, we discuss how they become consequential in healthcare, thereby indicating the importance of remaining reflexive about the political implications of diversity discourse and practice.
Association between Temporal Changes in Primary Care Workforce and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Chang Chiang‐Hua , O'Malley A. James , Goodman David C. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the association between 10‐year temporal changes in the primary care workforce and Medicare beneficiaries' outcomes.Data Sources2001 and 2011 American Medical Association Masterfiles and fee‐for‐service Medicare claims.Study Design/MethodsWe calculated two primary care workforce measures within Primary Care Service Areas: the number of primary care physicians per 10,000 population (per capita) and the number of Medicare primary care full‐time equivalents (FTEs) per 10,000 Medicare beneficiaries. The three outcomes were mortality, ambulatory care–sensitive condition (ACSC) hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visits. We measured the marginal association between changes in primary care workforce and patient outcomes using Poisson regression models.Principal FindingsAn increase of one primary care physician per 10,000 population was associated with 15.1 fewer deaths per 100,000 and 39.7 fewer ACSC hospitalizations per 100,000 (both p < .05). An increase of one Medicare primary care FTE per 10,000 beneficiaries was associated with 82.8 fewer deaths per 100,000, 160.8 fewer ACSC hospitalizations per 100,000, and 712.3 fewer ED visits per 100,000 (all p < .05).ConclusionsMedicare beneficiaries' outcomes improved as the number of primary care physicians and their clinical effort increased.
Medicaid Disenrollment and Disparities in Access to Care: Evidence from Tennessee
Authors: Tarazi Wafa W. , Green Tiffany L. , Sabik Lindsay M. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of Tennessee's 2005 Medicaid disenrollment on access to health care among low‐income nonelderly adults.Data Source/Study SettingWe use data from the 2003–2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.Study DesignWe examined the effects of Medicaid disenrollment on access to care among adults living in Tennessee compared with neighboring states, using difference‐in‐difference models.Principal FindingsEvidence suggests that Medicaid disenrollment resulted in significant decreases in health insurance and increases in cost‐related barriers to care for low‐income adults living in Tennessee. Statistically significant changes were not observed for having a personal doctor.ConclusionsMedicaid disenrollment is associated with reduced access to care. This finding is relevant for states considering expansions or contractions of Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act.
Diagnostic accuracy of flexion‐extension radiography for the detection of ligamentous cervical spine injury following a normal cervical spine computed tomography
Authors: Oh Jason Jaeseong , Asha Stephen Edward , Curtis Kate 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundFlexion–extension radiography (FER) has been utilised for the detection of ligamentous injury in patients who have been cleared of bony injury. Some studies call into question the diagnostic accuracy of FER, the high proportion of inadequate FER images and the adverse effects of prolonged cervical collar immobilisation although awaiting FER.MethodsWe conducted a two‐part retrospective study of trauma patients presenting to a trauma centre between January 2007 and December 2014. A cross‐sectional analytic study was used to determine diagnostic accuracy and a case–control design was used to compare characteristics and complications of those having FER with similar patients not having FER. Inclusion criteria were age ≥16, blunt trauma mechanism, a normal computed tomography (CT) of the cervical spine and FER to assess for ligamentous injury. The reference standard was magnetic resonance imaging evidence of ligamentous disruption or a therapeutic intervention to treat ligamentous instability.ResultsThere were 176 participants meeting inclusion criteria. Studies were considered inadequate in 168 participants (95.5%). There were zero true positives, four false positives, 168 true negatives and four false negatives: sensitivity 0% (0.0–60.2%), specificity 97.7 (94.2–99.4%), positive predictive value 0% (0.0–60.2%) and negative predictive value 97.7 (94.2–99.4%). Participants having FER remained in cervical collars and in hospital longer than control patients. Complications of cervical collar use were uncommon.ConclusionFER does not contribute additional diagnostic accuracy for the detection of ligamentous injury to the cervical spine following a normal CT of the cervical spine. We recommend FER be removed from cervical spine clearance protocols.
Survival and Metabolic Activity of Listeria monocytogenes on Ready‐to‐Eat Roast Beef Stored at 4 °C
Authors: Broady Johnathan W. , Han Dong , Yuan Jing , Liao Chao , Bratcher Christy L. , Lilies Mark R. , Schwartz Elizabeth H. , Wang Luxin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThree brands of commercial roast beef were purchased and artificially inoculated with a 5‐strain Listeria monocytogenes cocktail at 2 inoculation levels (approximately 3 and 6 Log CFU/g). Although all 3 brands contained sodium diacetate and sodium lactate, inoculated Listeria cocktail survived for 16 d in all 3 brands; significant increases in L. monocytogenes numbers were seen on inoculated Brand B roast beef on days 12 and 16. Numbers of L. monocytogenes increased to 4.14 Log CFU/g for the 3 Log CFU/g inoculation level and increased to 7.99 Log CFU/g for the 6 Log CFU/g inoculation level by day 16, with the pH values being 5.4 and 5.8 respectively. To measure the cell viability in potential biofilms formed, an Alamar blue assay was conducted. Brand B meat homogenate had the highest metabolic activities (P < 0.05). By comparing its metabolic activities to Brands A and C and the inoculated autoclaved meat homogenates, results indicated that the microflora present in Brand B may be the reason for high metabolic activities. Based on the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and the Shannon–Wiener diversity index analysis, the “Brand” factor significantly impacted the diversity index (P = 0.012) and Brand B had the highest microflora diversity (Shannon index 1.636 ± 0.011). Based on this study, results showed that antimicrobials cannot completely inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes in ready‐to‐eat roast beef. Native microflora (both diversity and abundance), together with product formula, pH, antimicrobial concentrations, and storage conditions may all impact the survival and growth of L. monocytogenes.
Claudin‐1 correlates with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sun Bing‐sheng , Yao Yi‐qun , Pei Bao‐xiang , Zhang Zhen‐fa , Wang Chang‐li 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThis study was conducted to investigate the clinical significance ofclaudin‐1 (CLDN1) expression in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsWe examinedCLDN1protein expression by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray from 258 patients with lung adenocarcinoma. We investigated messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in H358 (formerly bronchioloalveolar carcinoma) and lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549) by real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that prognostic factors for lung adenocarcinoma were histologic type,CLDN1, T stage and N stage. Patients with positiveCLDN1expression had a poorer prognosis than patients with negativeCLDN1expression.CLDN1expression was correlated with Ras and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)expression. Patients with positive expressions of bothCLDN1and Ras/EGFRhad a poorer prognosis than patients withCLDN1(+) Ras/EGFR(−) orCLDN1 (−) Ras/EGFR(+) and patients with negative expressions of bothCLDN1 and Ras/EGFR.CLDN1 mRNAexpression was lower in the H358 compared with the lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549).ConclusionThe combination ofCLDN1 and Ras/EGFRis a valuable independent prognostic predictor for lung adenocarcinoma.