bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Smart Pill Box on Improving Adherence to 6-Mercaptopurine Maintenance Therapy in Pediatric ALL
Authors: Abhilasha S. , Bagalkotkar Apoorva 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) forms the backbone of maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A Children's Oncology Group study found 3.9-fold increased risk of relapse in children with 6-MP adherence less than 90%.
Objective This article estimates the impact of smart pill box in improving adherence to 6-MP during maintenance phase chemotherapy in children with ALL.
Material and Methods It is a prospective interventional study done at pediatric oncology clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Participants being 40 newly diagnosed children with ALL. Baseline adherence was assessed and impact of smart pill box was estimated after using it for 60 days. Subjective and objective assessment of baseline adherence and adherence after intervention was done by subjecting the parents of the children to Morisky Medication Adherence Score 8 (MMAS-8) and measurement of patient's red blood cells (RBC) 6-MP metabolites (6-thioguanine [TGN] and 6-methylmercaptopurine [MMP]) levels, respectively, pre- and postintervention.
Results The mean age was 7.39 ± 4.29 years. NUDT15*3 polymorphism was present in 10.26%, and none had TPMT polymorphism. Baseline assessment of adherence to 6-MP by MMAS-8 revealed low, medium, and high adherence in 7.5, 35, and 57.5%, respectively. Baseline 6-TGN and 6-MMP levels by cluster analysis revealed poor adherence in 10%. Following intervention, mean MMAS-8 improved from 7.34 ± 0.78 to 7.66 ± 0.55 (p-value < 0.015) and the median 6-TGN level improved from 150 to 253 pmol/8 × 108 RBCs (p-value < 0.001).
Conclusion Nonadherence to 6-MP is widely prevalent in Indian children. Simple measures like smart pill box can improve adherence.
Isolated Cleft Foot: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Rout Sunil Kumar , Mallik Mainak , Pant Priyanka , Rajpoot Akanksha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCleft foot is a rare congenital anomaly (syndromic/isolated). Although there have been published reports about this anomaly, none has so far described standardized treatment guidelines. In this case report, we describe the details of operative management of an isolated cleft foot in an 8-year-old girl with a brief review of literature, keeping in mind the aims of the treatment, governed by the local culture and preferred footwear design in the Indian scenario.
Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment and Thromboprophylaxis Practice in Hospitalized Medical Patients: The Experience of a Singapore Teaching Hospital
Authors: Lee Sin Yin , Er Chaozer 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite the availability of institutional guidelines, the practice of venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis remains inadequate in Singapore. With hospital-associated VTE (HA-VTE) being a common cause of preventable mortality for medical patients, it is vital for prompt, appropriate prescription of thromboprophylaxis after VTE risk assessment. This study aimed to (1) assess the local practice of VTE risk assessment and prophylaxis according to institutional guidelines, (2) study the risk factors of potential preventable HA-VTE among hospitalized medical patients, and (3) improve the quality of care with respect to early prevention of HA-VTE. An audit was performed on daily new admissions to two general medical wards in a teaching hospital in Singapore (total capacity of 76 beds) over 2 weeks. Each new admission's medical records were reviewed to examine whether (1) VTE risk assessment was performed by the managing medical teams, (2) thromboprophylaxis was prescribed during admission in high VTE risk patients, and (3) any contraindications to pharmacological thromboprophylaxis for cases with high VTE risk but no pharmacological thromboprophylaxis prescribed was present. Only 1 out of 52 cases had VTE risk assessment performed. Thirty-one cases (59.1%) were identified to have high VTE risk using the Padua Prediction Score. However, only 1 out of the 31 cases (3.2%) had VTE prophylaxis prescribed. Adherence to local institutional guidelines remains poor despite increasing awareness of the importance of VTE risk assessment and prophylaxis in the prevention of associated morbidity and mortality. Certain patient profiles should prompt clinicians to perform VTE risk assessment.
The Emerging Role of the Microbiota and Antibiotics in Diverticulitis Treatment
Authors: Troester Alexander , Weaver Lauren , Jahansouz Cyrus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiverticular disease is the leading cause of elective colon surgery. With a rising incidence in younger populations, it continues to pose a significant burden on the health care system. Traditional etiopathogenesis implicated an infectious mechanism, while recent challenges to this theory have demonstrated the microbiome playing a significant role, along with genetic predispositions and associations with obesity and diet. Therefore, the role of antibiotics in uncomplicated disease merits reconsideration. In this review, we aim to outline the current knowledge regarding antibiotics for diverticulitis treatment, broadly define the microbiome components, functions, and modifiability, and discuss newly proposed pathogenetic mechanisms for diverticular disease that incorporate information regarding the microbiome. Analytic techniques for microbiota characterization and function continue to advance at a rapid pace. As emerging technology advances, we will continue to elucidate the role of the microbiome in diverticular disease development.
Effect of Zn-substitution on magnetic structure of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Jovanović Sonja , Yaacoub Nader , Slimani Sawssen , Kržmanc Marjeta Maček , Vukomanović Marija , Spreitzer Matjaž , Peddis Davide , Omelyanchik Alexander 
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the effects of Zn substitution on the magnetic properties of ∼5 nm cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (ZnxCo1−xFe2O4, where x = 0, 0.13, 0.34, and 0.55), demonstrating that Zn substitution induces complex changes in spin canting and prompts a redistribution of cations among the sublattices. We reconstructed the magnetic structure of these spinel ferrites by integrating the classical two-sublattice Néel model of ferrimagnetism with the data obtained from 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry. Consequently, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of how Zn substitution tunes the magnetic properties of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, offering valuable insights into the development of magnetic materials with tailored properties for various applications.
Exploration of the influence factors on contact resistance obtained from sudden discharge test on the large-bore metal-as-insulation REBCO magnet
Authors: Liu Shixian , Wang Lei , Zhang Zili , Wang Luoyuan , Zhou Benzhe , Chen Yong , Wang Luzhong , Wang Qiuliang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the factors affecting the evaluation of the equivalent contact resistance of the magnet were investigated by sudden discharge tests in a large-bore conduction-cooled metal-as-insulation (MI) high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet with an inner diameter exceeding 450 mm and consisting of ninety double pancake coils. It was found that the evaluation results of the contact resistance of the magnet are influenced by the current, temperature, measurement position, and evaluation method. Subsequently, a power law relationship was used to describe the relationship of contact resistance with current and temperature, and the relationship of contact resistance with current showed an opposite trend to that expected, while the relationship with temperature was as expected. We compared the experimental results of other teams to try to provide a reasonable explanation for the above phenomenon. Additionally, we found a significant difference between the delay of the central and end magnetic fields and a difference in the evaluation results between the method of using the field to decay to 1/e of the initial value and the curve-fitting method. We analyze the reasons for these phenomena and give our explanations. Finally, based on our experimental results, a measurement method for the equivalent contact resistance of NI/MI HTS magnets was summarized to improve the evaluation accuracy. This paper is both the first systematic experimental study on the contact resistance of a large-scale object such as MI HTS magnets and a review of previous studies. The findings are hoped to provide guidance for evaluating equivalent contact resistance for NI/MI HTS magnets in future engineering applications.
Maximum acceleration and quantum clock: on the existence of a new universal constant
Authors: Fiordilino Emilio , Di Salvo Tiziana , Ciccarello Francesco , Iaria Rosario , Militello Benedetto , Roccati Federico , Burderi Luciano 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the pseudo-Euclidean Minkowski space, the four-dimensional volume element is invariant under Lorentz transformations. By hypothesising that in this space there is a minimum volume, it is possible to demonstrate the existence of a maximum acceleration. The volume element cannot be derived from the theory and must be obtained through direct measurement, thus it assumes the role of a bona fide universal constant. Two different estimates of the elementary volume are given, which differ by several orders of magnitude: the first is obtained in a pseudo-Euclidean space for particles with mass, and the second represents an absolute minimum volume, independent of the mass.
Enhancing auxetic gradient structures for hip joint implants to optimize stress shielding reduction
Authors: Mohammadi Ghalehney Sahel , Sadeghi Mohammad Hossein , Barati Hamed , Gharehbaghi Hussain 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the design and optimization of a porous hip implant to mitigate stress shielding. Initially, the focus was on determining the elastic modulus of a three-dimensional auxetic structure, primarily in the y-direction. Various methods—numerical, analytical, and experimental—were used to assess the elastic properties. Additive manufacturing was employed to create samples, which were then tested for their elastic properties through compression testing. The results revealed a strong correlation between the elastic modulus values obtained from simulations and experimental tests in the y-direction. To further enhance the implant’s performance and reduce stress shielding at the implant-bone interface, a gradient structure was introduced. This gradient design progressively increases the elastic modulus away from the bone contact surfaces, aligning closely with the bone’s modulus at the interface. The elastic modulus of this gradient structure was computed using Abaqus software and validated through analytical methods in MATLAB, with a minimal 4.8% difference between the two approaches, demonstrating high agreement. The application of a genetic algorithm enabled the creation of a porous hip implant tailored to minimize stress shielding throughout its structure. This innovative approach, integrating numerical, analytical, and experimental techniques with gradient structures, holds promise for improving hip implant performance and enhancing patient outcomes by reducing stress-shielding complications.
Role of nonthermal solar wind protons in the excitation of electromagnetic proton-cyclotron instability: a kinetic theory based exact numerical investigation
Authors: Ahmed Shahzad , Ahsan Shahzad Muhammad , -ur-Rehman Aman , Bilal Muhammad , Sarfraz Muhammad , Kaleem M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Free transverse kinetic energy i.e. perpendicular temperature anisotropy of protons excite the electromagnetic ion/proton cyclotron instability which is pertained to waves associated with prevalent electromagnetic ion/proton cyclotron emissions in various natural regions of plasmas. The transverse dielectric response function of left hand circularly polarized electromagnetic proton cyclotron (EPC) instability is calculated for two models of nonthermal Cairns distributed plasmas. These models are distinguished according to the effective thermal velocities of protons. For the energetic nonthermal protons populations, nonthermality dependent effective temperature model is proposed which significantly contributes in the excitation of aforementioned plasma mode and cause an appreciable enhancement in the instability growth rate. Exact numerical solution of dispersion relation yields oscillatory real frequency and growth rate of instability. A comparative analysis is also carried out to examine the instability behavior in distinct nonthermal and thermal plasma models. Contemporary numerical investigations are highly beneficial to understand the intricate dynamics of space plasmas.
Topological phase transitions and flat bands on a square-octagon lattice
Authors: Zhao Yu-Jie , Yan Xu-Hui , Han Ying , Zhang Xiuyun , Qi Lu , He Ai-Lei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We construct a square-octagon lattice model by considering the nearest-neighbor (NN) hoppings with staggered magnetic fluxes and the next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) hoppings, where zero-Chern-number topological insulator (ZCNTI) phases emerge. At 1/4 filling, by tuning the staggered fluxes and NNN hopping potential, this model supports the phase transition from a Chern insulator (CI) with Chern number C = 2 to a ZCNTI phase. At half filling, we observe that staggered magnetic fluxes can induce a higher-order topological insulator (HOTI) state. Interestingly, the ZCNTI appears at 3/4 filling when considering the NN and NNN hoppings in the absence of staggered fluxes, which has been rarely reported in previous work. Contrary to conventional HOTIs, this ZCNTI phase hosts both robust corner states and gapless edge states which can be identified based on the quantized dipole and quadrupole moments. Additionally, a topological flat band (TFB) with flatness ratio about 24 appears. We further investigate ν = 1/2 fractional Chern insulator (FCI) state when hard-core bosons fill into this TFB model.
Coexisting and multiple scroll attractors in a Hopfield neural network with a controlled memristor
Authors: Ma 马 Qing-Qing 青青 , Lu 陆 An-Jiang 安江 , Huang 黄 Zhi 智 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A method of generating multi-double scroll attractors is proposed based on the memristor Hopfield neural network (HNN) under pulse control. First, the original hyperbolic-type memristor is added to the neural network mathematical model, and the influence of this memristor on the dynamic behavior of the new HNN is analyzed. The numerical results show that after adding the memristor, the abundant dynamic behaviors such as chaos coexistence, period coexistence and chaos period coexistence can be observed when the initial value of the system is changed. Then the logic pulse is added to the external memristor. It is found that the equilibrium point of the HNN can multiply and generate multi-double scroll attractors after the pulse stimulation. When the number of logical pulses is changed, the number of multi-double scroll attractors will also change, so that the pulse can control the generation of multi-double scroll attractors. Finally, the HNN circuit under pulsed stimulation was realized by circuit simulation, and the results verified the correctness of the numerical results.
Mesoscale eddies inhibit intensification of the Subantarctic Front under global warming
Authors: Li Dapeng , Jing Zhao , Cai Wenju , Zhang Zhengguang , Shi Jiuxin , Ma Xiaohui , Gan Bolan , Yang Haiyuan , Chen Zhaohui , Wu Lixin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Oceanic mesoscale eddies are important dynamical processes in the Southern Ocean. Using high-resolution (∼0.1° for the ocean) Community Earth System Model (CESM-HR) simulations under a high-carbon emission scenario, we investigate the role of mesoscale eddies in regulating the response of the Subantarctic Front (SAF) to global warming. The CESM-HR simulates more realistic oceanic fronts and mesoscale eddies in the Southern Ocean than a coarse-resolution (∼1° for the ocean) CESM. Under global warming, the SAF is projected to intensify. The mean flow temperature advection intensifies the front, whereas the mesoscale-eddy-induced temperature advection and atmospheric dampening play primary (∼67%) and secondary (∼28%) roles in counteracting the effect of mean flow temperature advection. Our study suggests the importance of mesoscale eddies on inhibiting the SAF intensification under global warming and necessity of mesoscale-eddy-resolving simulations for faithful projection of future climate changes in the Southern Ocean.
Unveiling the influence of synthesis techniques on crystallite size of CuInS2 nanostructures
Authors: Giri Ranjan Kr , Chaki Sunil H , Khimani Ankurkumar J , Deshpande Milind P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Copper indium disulfide (CuInS2) nanostructures are synthesized by wet precipitation and sol–gel techniques. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis exhibits nanorods (NR) and nanocubes (NC) of CuInS2 resulting from wet precipitation and sol–gel methods, respectively. Their characterizations are accomplished by UV–vis-NIR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The particle size is obtained from HRTEM, UV–vis-NIR, and DLS analyses. Average crystallite size is estimated via Scherrer’s method (graphical and analytical), Monshi-Scherrer method, Williamson–Hall relations (uniform deformation, uniform stress deformation, and uniform deformation energy-density models), size-strain plot method, and Halder-Wagner relation using XRD profile which is also compared with as-obtained particle size. Moreover, the XRD pattern reflection peaks are used to assess more accurately energy density, lattice stress, and microstrain values. The results affirm NR have higher crystallite size (∼22 nm) than NC (∼16 nm). The outcomes demonstrate outstanding agreement of predicted average crystallite sizes using the different approaches.
Quantum key distribution with unbounded pulse correlations
Authors: Pereira Margarida , Currás-Lorenzo Guillermo , Mizutani Akihiro , Rusca Davide , Curty Marcos , Tamaki Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Typical security proofs of quantum key distribution (QKD) require that the emitted signals are independent and identically distributed. In practice, however, this assumption is not met because intrinsic device flaws inevitably introduce correlations between the emitted signals. Although analyses addressing this issue have been recently proposed, they only consider a restrictive scenario in which the correlations have a finite and known maximum length that is much smaller than the total number of emitted signals. While it is expected that the magnitude of the correlations decreases as the pulse separation increases, the assumption that this magnitude is exactly zero after a certain point does not seem to have any physical justification. Concerningly, this means that the available analyses cannot guarantee the security of current QKD implementations. Here, we solve this pressing problem by developing a rigorous framework that, when combined with existing results, can guarantee security against pulse correlations of unbounded length. Our framework is rather general and could be applied to other situations for which the existing analyses consider a scenario that differs slightly from the actual one.
Spatiotemporal Gait Characteristics and Neuropsychological Performance in Midlife
Authors: Morrison Laura , Dyer Adam , Dolphin Helena , Killane Isabelle , Bourke Nollaig , Widowson Matthew , Woods Conor , Gibney James , Reilly Richard , Kennelly Sean 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Midlife risk factors such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) confer a significantly increased risk of cognitive impairment in later life, with executive function, memory and attention domains often affected first. Spatiotemporal gait characteristics are increasingly recognised as biomarkers of neurocognitive function and later dementia risk.

Methods
Using an automated walkway, 24 spatiotemporal gait parameters were examined across 5 domains of gait previously linked to cognitive function on usual-pace, maximal-pace, and cognitive dual-task gait conditions. Neurocognitive function was measured using a neuropsychological assessment battery. Linear regression was used assess the relationship between each gait parameter across the three walks and cognitive function.

Results
102 middle-aged adults underwent assessment, 65 with uncomplicated T2DM (57.5 ± 8.0 years; 40% female) and 37 healthy controls (57.0 ± 8.3 years; 62.1% female). T2DM was associated with significant changes in gait phases and rhythm domains at usual-pace, and greater gait variability observed during maximal-pace and dual-task. In the overall cohort, both gait pace and rhythm domains were associated with memory and executive function during usual pace walking. At maximal-pace, gait pace parameters were associated with reaction time and delayed memory. During the cognitive dual-task, associations between gait variability and delayed memory and executive function were observed. Associations persisted following covariate adjustment and did not differ by T2DM status.

Conclusion
This supports the use of spatiotemporal gait as an integrative biomarker of neurocognitive function in otherwise healthy middle-aged individuals. Discrete associations were seen between both differing gait tasks and gait domains with domain-specific neuropsychological performance. Employing both maximal-pace and dual-task paradigms, in addition to single-task usual-pace gait, may be important in cognitively unimpaired populations with risk factors for later cognitive decline - with the aim of identifying individuals who may benefit most from potential preventative interventions.
A Multi-disciplinary Journey to Developing a Delirium Friendly Emergency Department
Authors: Brolly Amanda , Randles Mary , Li Christine Chiang Huey , Brick Jacqueline , Maher Mairin , Buckley Mary , Fitzmaurice Kay , Carmody Chris , O'Carroll Susan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Delirium is a syndrome characterized by an acute change in attention, awareness and cognition. It has an organic cause and is likely to be reversible or preventable. It is a medical emergency that can often go undetected in an acute hospital setting. Currently the best management strategies for a delirium are multi-domain interventions that focus on treating precipitating conditions, medication review, managing distress and mitigating complications. An audit in 2022 identified that 40% of patients in the Emergency Department (ED) had an undetected delirium. A quality improvement initiative using Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) methodology was undertaken to address this. A multi-disciplinary local working group was developed. The overall aim was to improve the patient's journey through early identification and management of delirium. This involved environmental changes such as high support chairs, signage and a delirium trolley. All staff received training on the identification and management of a delirium. In December 2023 delirium screening on all patients &gt; 65 years was introduced in the ED as part of a delirium pathway. In April 2024 the pathway was re-audited.

Methods
Retrospective audit of the delirium pathway. Medical and nursing notes on all patients &gt;65 years presenting to the ED over a 30-hour period were reviewed.

Results
(n=40) patients &gt; 65 years presented to the ED over the 30-hour period. 6 medical notes could not be retrieved. (n=34) medical records were reviewed. The audit showed 14.7% of patients had a delirium screen recorded in their medical notes. One patient had an acute delirium on the ward that was not identified in the ED. There was no positive delirium score.

Conclusion
Delirium screening in the ED is sub-optimal. It is unclear from the audit why delirium screening compliance is so low. Conclusions can be drawn that processes around the identification of delirium need to be reviewed.