bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Heterojunction Design of Single Layer Hole Tunneling ZnO Passivation Wrapping around TiO2Nanowires for Superior Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Ghobadi Amir , Ulusoy T. Gamze , Garifullin Ruslan , Guler Mustafa O. , Okyay Ali K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNanostructured hybrid heterojunctions have been studied widely for photocatalytic applications due to their superior optical and structural properties. In this work, the impact of angstrom thick atomic layer deposited (ALD) ZnO shell layer on photocatalytic activity (PCA) of hydrothermal grown single crystalline TiO2 nanowires (NWs) is systematically explored. We showed that a single cycle of ALD ZnO layer wrapped around TiO2 NWs, considerably boosts the PCA of the heterostructure. Subsequent cycles, however, gradually hinder the photocatalytic activity (PCA) of the TiO2 NWs. Various structural, optical and transient characterizations are employed to scrutinize this unprecedented change. We show that a single atomic layer of ZnO shell not only increases light harvesting capability of the heterostructure via extension of the absorption toward visible wavelengths, but also mitigates recombination probability of carriers through reduction of surface defects density and introduction of proper charge separation along the core-shell interface. Furthermore, the ultrathin ZnO shell layer allows a strong contribution of the core (TiO2) valence band holes through tunneling across the ultrathin interface. All mechanisms responsible for this enhanced PCA of heterostructure are elucidated and corresponding models are proposed.
Engineering Salmonella as intracellular factory for effective killing of tumour cells
Authors: Camacho Eva María , Mesa-Pereira Beatriz , Medina Carlos , Flores Amando , Santero Eduardo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSalmonella have many desirable properties as antitumour-agent due to its ability to proliferate inside tumours and induce tumour regression. Additionally, this bacterium can be genetically engineered to deliver therapeutic proteins intratumourally. The main limitation of this approach is the efficient release of therapeutic molecules from intratumoural bacteria. Here we have developed an inducible autolysis system based in the lysis operon of the lambda phage that, in response to anhydrotetracycline, lysates Salmonella thus releasing its content. The system was combined with a salicylate cascade system that allows efficient production of therapeutic molecules in response to aspirin and with a sifA mutation that liberates bacteria from the vacuoles to a cytosolic location. The combination of these three elements makes this strain a putative powerful instrument in cancer treatment. We have used this engineered strain for the intracellular production and delivery of Cp53 peptide. The engineered strain is able to sequentially produce and release the cytotoxic peptide while proliferating inside tumour cells, thus inducing host cell death. Our results show that temporal separation of protein production from protein release is essential to efficiently kill tumour cells. The combined system is a further step in the engineering of more efficient bacteria for cancer therapy.
Electromagnetic field tapering using all-dielectric gradient index materials
Authors: Yi Jianjia , Piau Gérard-Pascal , de Lustrac André , Burokur Shah Nawaz 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe concept of transformation optics (TO) is applied to control the flow of electromagnetic fields between two sections of different dimensions through a tapering device. The broadband performance of the field taper is numerically and experimentally validated. The taper device presents a graded permittivity profile and is fabricated through three-dimensional (3D) polyjet printing technology using low-cost all-dielectric materials. Calculated and measured near-field mappings are presented in order to validate the proposed taper. A good qualitative agreement is obtained between full-wave simulations and experimental tests. Such all-dielectric taper paves the way to novel types of microwave devices that can be easily fabricated through low-cost additive manufacturing processes.
Experimental demonstration of multi-dimensional resources integration for service provisioning in cloud radio over fiber network
Authors: Yang Hui , Zhang Jie , Ji Yuefeng , He Yongqi , Lee Young 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCloud radio access network (C-RAN) becomes a promising scenario to accommodate high-performance services with ubiquitous user coverage and real-time cloud computing in 5G area. However, the radio network, optical network and processing unit cloud have been decoupled from each other, so that their resources are controlled independently. Traditional architecture cannot implement the resource optimization and scheduling for the high-level service guarantee due to the communication obstacle among them with the growing number of mobile internet users. In this paper, we report a study on multi-dimensional resources integration (MDRI) for service provisioning in cloud radio over fiber network (C-RoFN). A resources integrated provisioning (RIP) scheme using an auxiliary graph is introduced based on the proposed architecture. The MDRI can enhance the responsiveness to dynamic end-to-end user demands and globally optimize radio frequency, optical network and processing resources effectively to maximize radio coverage. The feasibility of the proposed architecture is experimentally verified on OpenFlow-based enhanced SDN testbed. The performance of RIP scheme under heavy traffic load scenario is also quantitatively evaluated to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposal based on MDRI architecture in terms of resource utilization, path blocking probability, network cost and path provisioning latency, compared with other provisioning schemes.
Duality quantum algorithm efficiently simulates open quantum systems
Authors: Wei Shi-Jie , Ruan Dong , Long Gui-Lu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBecause of inevitable coupling with the environment, nearly all practical quantum systems are open system, where the evolution is not necessarily unitary. In this paper, we propose a duality quantum algorithm for simulating Hamiltonian evolution of an open quantum system. In contrast to unitary evolution in a usual quantum computer, the evolution operator in a duality quantum computer is a linear combination of unitary operators. In this duality quantum algorithm, the time evolution of the open quantum system is realized by using Kraus operators which is naturally implemented in duality quantum computer. This duality quantum algorithm has two distinct advantages compared to existing quantum simulation algorithms with unitary evolution operations. Firstly, the query complexity of the algorithm is O(d3) in contrast to O(d4) in existing unitary simulation algorithm, where d is the dimension of the open quantum system. Secondly, By using a truncated Taylor series of the evolution operators, this duality quantum algorithm provides an exponential improvement in precision compared with previous unitary simulation algorithm.
Short-term moderate diet restriction in adulthood can reverse oxidative, cardiovascular and metabolic alterations induced by postnatal overfeeding in mice
Authors: Li Na , Guenancia Charles , Rigal Eve , Hachet Olivier , Chollet Pauline , Desmoulins Lucie , Leloup Corinne , Rochette Luc , Vergely Catherine 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe aimed to determine whether moderate diet restriction could restore cardiac, oxidative and metabolic alterations induced by postnatal overfeeding (PNOF). Litters of C57BL/6 male mice were either maintained at 9 (normal litter, NL), or reduced to 3 (small litter, SL) in order to induce PNOF. At 6 months, half of the NL and SL mice were subjected to 20% calorie-restriction (CR: NLCR, SLCR) for one month, while the other half continued to eat ad libitum (AL: NLAL, SLAL). Six-month old SL mice presented overweight, fat accumulation, hyperleptinemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, increased cardiac ROS production and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). After CR, SL mice body weight was normalized; however, their fat mass and leptinemia were not decreased, glucose metabolism was improved and LVEF was increased. In SL mice, CR increased the cardiac mitochondrial respiratory rate and decreased cardiac ROS production. Hearts from SLCR mice showed better recovery and smaller postischemic infarct size. Intriguingly, no difference was observed between NLAL and NLCR mice for most of the parameters investigated. Short-term moderate CR not only normalized body weight in SL mice but also improved metabolic programming and reversed oxidative and cardiac dysfunction induced by PNOF.
Dielectric relaxation in glassy Se90Cd6In4
Authors: Shukla N. , Mehta N. , Dwivedi D.K. 
Published: July 2016

In the present Letter frequency (5 × 102 Hz–1 × 105 Hz) and temperature (308–333 K) dependence of dielectric parameter of Se90Cd6In4 glassy alloy has been examined. Conventional melt quench technique has been applied to prepare Se90Cd6In4 glassy alloy. It is observed that dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss factor (ε″) change with frequency and temperature. The dielectric loss data has been utilised to determine the barrier height Wm, which is in accordance with the Elliott's theory of hoping of charge carriers over potential barrier between charge defect states in case of chalcogenide glasses.
Does bilirubin act as a free radical quencher of clinical significance in neonates and children?
Authors: Breimer Lars H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPediatricians are generally wary of hyperbilirubinemia because elevated circulating bilirubin is seen both as a sign of disease and a cause of pathology. Normal aerobic metabolism is associated with the chance occurrence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage cellular macromolecules. Bilirubin as a molecule at the crossroads of the natural protection of the body against ROS has been the subject of experiments in vitro and in animals, as well as observational and epidemiological studies during the past two decades. This review assesses the evidence as to whether bilirubin is a free radical quencher of clinical significance in the newborn and children, and thus may have a beneficial role. The overall conclusion is that pediatricians should remain cautious about bilirubin and follow current guidelines.
Depression and diabetes in the remote Torres Strait Islands
Authors: Taylor Sean , McDermott Robyn , Thompson Fintan , Usher Kim 
Published: July 2016

Issue addressedDiabetes is associated with significant depression, which can result in poorer clinical outcomes, including increased mortality. Little is known about the prevalence of depression among Torres Strait Islander adults with diabetes.MethodsSelf‐reported depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)‐9 translated into Torres Strait Creole, and associations with socioeconomic, behavioural and clinical indicators in Torres Strait Islander adults with diabetes in five remote Torres Strait Islands were examined.ResultsSeventy‐three men and 115 women completed interviews. The median PHQ‐9 score was 5.5 (IQR 0–7); 42% of respondents scored 0–4 (none‐minimal), 46% scored 5–9 (mild) and 12% scored 10+ (moderate‐severe). Mean HbA1c was 8.3% (67.4 mmol). HbA1c was not related to PHQ‐9 scores (b = 0.20, P = 0.323), however exercise in hours (b = −0.34, P < 0.001) and screen time in hours (b = 0.11, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of depression after adjusting for other study variables.ConclusionsThis sample of remote living Torres Strait Islanders reported relatively low rates of depression compared with national samples, and depression was not related to glycaemic control. Exercise and screen time were the strongest predictors of depression based on PHQ‐9 scores. This represents an opportunity for health promotion.So what?These findings provide an indication of the health impact of physical activity in rural and remote communities. Local health and education services, councils and sporting bodies should work collaboratively to promote sustainable physical activity programs.
Do women with smaller breasts perform better in long‐distance running?
Authors: Brown Nicola , Scurr Joanna 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLiterature has established that a range of physiological, biomechanical, and training variables influence marathon performance. The influence of anthropometric characteristics has also received attention. However, despite major marathons exceeding 40,000 participants and approximately a third of these runners being female, no data exist on the influence of the breast on running performance. This cross‐sectional study aimed to explore the impact of breast mass on marathon finish time. One hundred and sixty‐eight of 321 female marathon runners contacted completed an on‐line survey focusing on marathon performance during the 2012 London marathon. Participants were categorised as smaller (<500 g, 54%) or larger breasted (>500 g, 46%). Regression analysis identified that 24% of marathon performance variance could be explained by body mass index (BMI), but breast mass improved the model to explain 28% of performance variation. The model determined that for women with 32/34 or 36/38 underband each increase in cup size equates to a performance decrement of 4.6 min or 8.6 min, equivalent to 34.4 min difference between a woman with 36A compared to 36DD breast size. Larger breasted runners had greater BMIs, completed less marathons and had slower marathon finish times (316 ± 48 min) compared to smaller breasted runners (281 ± 51 min). Twenty‐five per cent less larger breasted women finished in the fastest quartile. These results suggest that differences in breast mass are an important factor for female athletes and should be considered in future research in this area.
A predictive model for the tokamak density limit
Authors: Teng Q. , Brennan D.P. , Delgado-Aparicio L. , Gates D.A. , Swerdlow J. , White R.B. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The Greenwald density limit, found in all tokamak experiments, is reproduced for the first time using a phenomenologically correct model with parameters in the range of experiments. A simple model of equilibrium evolution and local power balance inside the island has been implemented to calculate the radiation-driven thermo-resistive tearing mode growth and explain the density limit. Strong destabilization of the tearing mode due to an imbalance of local Ohmic heating and radiative cooling in the island predicts the density limit within a few percent. The density limit is found to be a local edge limit and weakly dependent on impurity densities. Results are robust to a substantial variation in model parameters within the range of experiments.
Towards understanding the differences in irradiation effects of He, Ne and Ar plasma by investigating the physical origin of their clustering in tungsten
Authors: Kong Xiang-Shan , You Yu-wei , Li Xiang-yan , Wu Xuebang , Liu C.S. , Chen Jun-Ling , Luo G.-N. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
While inert gas seeding to improve energy confinement has been successfully applied in many tokamak experiments, questions remain as to the irradiation effects of inert gases on tungsten. In this paper, we have systematically investigated the clustering behaviors of the inert gas atoms He, Ne and Ar in plasma-facing tungsten using first-principles calculations. Small interstitial clusters, He
m
, Ne
m
, and Ar
m
, can form due to the attraction between the atoms and tend to expand along the (1 1 0) planes. The inert gas clusters induce strong lattice distortions and so it is energetically favorable for a self-interstitial atom to be emitted from the clusters when the numbers of atoms are above six, three, three for He
m
, Ne
m
, and Ar
m
respectively. The clustering behaviors can be well explained by the intrinsic repulsive interaction between the inert gas atoms and the attractive interaction coming from the reduced valence-electron density by interstitial inert gas atoms. Compared to He, the much greater attraction between the Ne/Ar atoms and the lower trigger condition of ‘self-trapping process’ for Ne/Ar clusters provide a reasonable explanation for the difference of irradiation effects on tungsten between He and Ne/Ar plasmas, i.e. Ne/Ar plasmas cannot result in the formation of holes/bubbles and fiber-form nanostructures on tungsten surface under the same irradiation conditions as He plasma.
Drug drug interaction extraction from biomedical literature using syntax convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhao Zhehuan , Yang Zhihao , Luo Ling , Lin Hongfei , Wang Jian 
Published: July 2016

Motivation: Detecting drug-drug interaction (DDI) has become a vital part of public health safety. Therefore, using text mining techniques to extract DDIs from biomedical literature has received great attentions. However, this research is still at an early stage and its performance has much room to improve.
Results: In this article, we present a syntax convolutional neural network (SCNN) based DDI extraction method. In this method, a novel word embedding, syntax word embedding, is proposed to employ the syntactic information of a sentence. Then the position and part of speech features are introduced to extend the embedding of each word. Later, auto-encoder is introduced to encode the traditional bag-of-words feature (sparse 0–1 vector) as the dense real value vector. Finally, a combination of embedding-based convolutional features and traditional features are fed to the softmax classifier to extract DDIs from biomedical literature. Experimental results on the DDIExtraction 2013 corpus show that SCNN obtains a better performance (an F-score of 0.686) than other state-of-the-art methods.
Availability and Implementation: The source code is available for academic use at http://202.118.75.18:8080/DDI/SCNN-DDI.zip.
Contact: yangzh@dlut.edu.cn
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Motif comparison based on similarity of binding affinity profiles
Authors: Lambert Samuel A. , Albu Mihai , Hughes Timothy R. , Najafabadi Hamed S. 
Published: July 2016

Summary: Measuring motif similarity is essential for identifying functionally related transcription factors (TFs) and RNA-binding proteins, and for annotating de novo motifs. Here, we describe Motif Similarity Based on Affinity of Targets (MoSBAT), an approach for measuring the similarity of motifs by computing their affinity profiles across a large number of random sequences. We show that MoSBAT successfully associates de novo ChIP-seq motifs with their respective TFs, accurately identifies motifs that are obtained from the same TF in different in vitro assays, and quantitatively reflects the similarity of in vitro binding preferences for pairs of TFs.
Availability and implementation: MoSBAT is available as a webserver at mosbat.ccbr.utoronto.ca, and for download at github.com/csglab/MoSBAT.
Contact: t.hughes@utoronto.ca or hamed.najafabadi@mcgill.ca
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
WALT: fast and accurate read mapping for bisulfite sequencing
Authors: Chen Haifeng , Smith Andrew D. , Chen Ting 
Published: July 2016

Summary
Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) has emerged as the gold-standard technique in genome-scale studies of DNA methylation. Mapping reads from WGBS requires unique considerations that make the process more time-consuming than in other sequencing applications. Typical WGBS data sets contain several hundred million reads, adding to this analysis challenge. We present the WALT tool for mapping WGBS reads. WALT uses a strategy of hashing periodic spaced seeds, which leads to significant speedup compared with the most efficient methods currently available. Although many existing WGBS mappers slow down with read length, WALT improves in speed. Importantly, these speed gains do not sacrifice accuracy.

Availability and implementation
WALT is available under the GPL v3 license, and downloadable from https://github.com/smithlabcode/walt.

Contact
andrewds@usc.edu or tingchen@usc.edu

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Anesthesia Technique and Mortality after Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Perlas Anahi , Chan Vincent W. S. , Beattie Scott 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis propensity score–matched cohort study evaluates the effect of anesthetic technique on a 30-day mortality after total hip or knee arthroplasty.MethodsAll patients who had hip or knee arthroplasty between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2014, were evaluated. The principal exposure was spinal versus general anesthesia. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were (1) perioperative myocardial infarction; (2) a composite of major adverse cardiac events that includes cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, or newly diagnosed arrhythmia; (3) pulmonary embolism; (4) major blood loss; (5) hospital length of stay; and (6) operating room procedure time. A propensity score–matched-pair analysis was performed using a nonparsimonious logistic regression model of regional anesthetic use.ResultsWe identified 10,868 patients, of whom 8,553 had spinal anesthesia and 2,315 had general anesthesia. Ninety-two percent (n = 2,135) of the patients who had general anesthesia were matched to similar patients who did not have general anesthesia. In the matched cohort, the 30-day mortality rate was 0.19% (n = 4) in the spinal anesthesia group and 0.8% (n = 17) in the general anesthesia group (risk ratio, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.83; P = 0.0045). Spinal anesthesia was also associated with a shorter hospital length of stay (5.7 vs. 6.6 days; P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsThe results of this observational, propensity score–matched cohort study suggest a strong association between spinal anesthesia and lower 30-day mortality, as well as a shorter hospital length of stay, after elective joint replacement surgery.
Topical versus intravenous tranexamic acid use in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Arntson Zach , Ferguson Adam , Markel David C. 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Topical or intravenous application of tranexamic acid (TXA) during total knee arthroplasty has been shown to reduce postoperative bleeding and transfusion rates. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of topical and intravenous TXA at a single institution.

Methods:
Four hundred and eighty-two patients were reviewed retrospectively, with 166 patients included as a non-TXA control group, and 70 in the topical TXA group and 48 in the intravenous TXA group. The primary outcomes were transfusion rates and blood loss calculated from the difference between preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels. Thromboembolic complications were recorded up to 90 days postoperatively.

Results:
After TXA use, the mean hemoglobin levels were significantly higher in the topical (10.5 g/dL) and intravenous TXA groups (10.4 g/dL) when compared to the control group (9.6 g/dL) (P<0.001). This resulted in ∼18% less blood loss postoperatively when comparing both the intravenous and topical cohorts. The transfusion rate for the control group (12.7%; 21/166) was higher than rates for the intravenous (2.1%; 1/48) and topical (4.3%; 3/70) TXA cohorts (P=0.023). There were no differences in complication rates among cohorts.

Conclusions:
During cemented total knee arthroplasty, both topical and intravenous application of TXA resulted in significant reductions in postoperative bleeding and transfusion rates. There were no statistically significant changes in complication rates in either treatment group compared with the control group. Both topical and intravenous TXA appeared safe and effective in reducing postoperative bleeding and transfusion rates in cemented total knee arthroplasty.