bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphic signatures of forearc basin formation mechanisms
Authors: Mannu Utsav , Ueda Kosuke , Willett Sean D. , Gerya Taras V. , Strasser Michael 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTectonic deformation of accretionary wedges is often interpreted using stratigraphic patterns observed in forearc basins. However, similar stratigraphic patterns could evolve from different deformational processes making it difficult to uniquely reconcile stratigraphic patterns and the geodynamic history of natural accretionary wedges. Therefore, it is important to test the dynamic consistency of interpreted deformation histories. One approach is to compare synthetic stratigraphy of forearc basins generated in numerical accretionary wedge models, to the stratal patterns observed in natural fore arcs. We present a simple method to simulate synthetic stratigraphy in numerical accretionary wedge models, comparable to the stratigraphic patterns observed in seismic reflection data. As calibration, we use reflection seismic and borehole data for the Kumano forearc basin in Nankai. We observe that the stratigraphy in retro‐forearc basins remains predominantly undisturbed and unaffected by wedge deformation. Sediment‐stabilized wedge‐top basins in wedges with trenchward surface slope typically form landward of an active out‐of‐sequence thrust, leading to a landward tilting of the basin. These stratigraphic characteristics are diagnostic of the forearc basin forming mechanism. We also infer that sedimentation in the trench can potentially influence the generation/reactivation of Megasplay Fault activity in the Nankai accretionary wedge. Activity on the Megasplay Fault helps create accommodation space landward to it that leads to the formation of Kumano forearc basin.
The relationship between morphology development and mechanical properties in thermoplastic protein blends
Authors: Smith Matthew J. , Verbeek Casparus J. R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNovatein thermoplastic protein was blended with modified polyethylene (containing either epoxy, carboxylic acid functionalities partially neutralised to produce zinc carboxylate salts, or maleic anhydride functionalities) to alter blend morphology and to manipulate thermal and mechanical properties. Up to 40 pphNovatein polyethylene (PE) was blended with Novatein by extrusion and injection moulding. Using zinc ionomer resulted in optimal properties and was compatible with a finely dispersed morphology at high content; high interfacial tension (σ) and a viscosity ratio (λ) of ~1 was observed. Unmodified blends and those containing epoxy functionalities showed co‐continuity at low PE content. Whilst co‐continuity appeared to increase impact resistance, other mechanical properties decreased due to lack of phase interaction. Maleic anhydride‐grafted‐polyethylene blends showed a finely dispersed PE phase, yet was less compatible. Zinc ionomer was deemed to be the most appropriate for modification of mechanical properties in Novatein.
Amphicharge‐Storable Pyropolymers Containing Multitiered Nanopores
Authors: Kim Na Rae , Lee Sang Moon , Kim Min Wook , Yoon Hyeon Ji , Hong Won G. , Kim Hae Jin , Choi Hyoung Jin , Jin Hyoung‐Joon , Yun Young Soo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study, hierarchically nanoporous pyropolymers (HN‐PPs) including numerous redox‐active heteroatoms are fabricated from polyaniline nanotubes by heating with KOH. In the large operating voltage range 1.0–4.8 V versus Li+/Li, HN‐PPs store amphicharges by a pseudocapacitive manner of Li‐ion (mainly <3.0 V) and electrochemical double layer formation of anion (primarily >3.0 V). Through these surface‐driven charge storage behaviors, HN‐PPs achieve a significantly high specific capacity of ≈460 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, maintaining specific capacities of 140 mA h g−1 at a high specific current of 30 A g−1 and 305 mA h g−1 after 2000 cycles at 3 A g−1. Furthermore, asymmetric energy storage devices based on HN‐PPs deliver a high specific energy of 265 W h kg−1 and high specific power of 5081 W kg−1 with long‐term cycling performance.
Transforming Social Regularities in a Multicomponent Community‐Based Intervention: A Case Study of Professionals’ Adaptability to Better Support Parents to Meet Their Children's Needs
Authors: Quiroz Saavedra Rodrigo , Brunson Liesette , Bigras Nathalie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper presents an in‐depth case study of the dynamic processes of mutual adjustment that occurred between two professional teams participating in a multicomponent community‐based intervention (CBI). Drawing on the concept of social regularities, we focus on patterns of social interaction within and across the two microsystems involved in delivering the intervention. Two research strategies, narrative analysis and structural network analysis, were used to reveal the social regularities linking the two microsystems. Results document strategies and actions undertaken by the professionals responsible for the intervention to modify intersetting social regularities to deal with a problem situation that arose during the course of one intervention cycle. The results illustrate how key social regularities were modified in order to resolve the problem situation and allow the intervention to continue to function smoothly. We propose that these changes represent a transition to a new state of the ecological intervention system. This transformation appeared to be the result of certain key intervening mechanisms: changing key role relationships, boundary spanning, and synergy. The transformation also appeared to be linked to positive setting‐level and individual‐level outcomes: confidence of key team members, joint planning, decision‐making and intervention activities, and the achievement of desired intervention objectives.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Butadienylcalcium‐based Heavy Grignard Reagents and a Ca4[O] Inverse Crown Ether Complex
Authors: Wei Baosheng , Liu Liang , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe structure elucidation of heavy Grignard reagents (RAeX, Ae=Ca, Sr, and Ba, X=halides) has been greatly strived after, mainly because of their inaccessibility and remarkable instability. The synthesis of a series of butadienylcalcium compounds is presented, including 1‐calcio‐4‐lithio‐1,3‐butadiene, 1,4‐dicalcio‐1,3‐butadiene, and a Ca4[O] inverse crown ether complex, via the reaction between 1,4‐dilithio‐1,3‐butadienes and calcium iodide in THF. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of these unprecedented heavy Grignard reagents revealed unique structural characteristics and bonding modes. Preliminary reaction chemistry was investigated. This study provides a novel class of alkenyl heavy Grignard reagents and a useful synthetic strategy for otherwise unavailable reactive organometallic compounds.
Effect of polymer sulfonation on the proton conductivity and fuel cell performance of polyvinylalcohol‐mordenite direct methanol fuel cell membranes
Authors: Üçtuğ Fehmi Görkem , Nijem Jinan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSulfonated polyvinylalcohol‐mordenite (SPVA‐MOR) membranes for direct methanol fuel cell use were synthesized and characterized. It had earlier been found out that polyvinylalcohol‐mordenite (PVA‐MOR) membranes, while having excellent methanol permeability and modest proton conductivity values, had inferior direct methanol fuel cell performances than Nafion™. Sulfonating the polyvinylalcohol matrix had been suggested to improve the proton conductivity. In this work, polyvinylalcohol powder was sulfonated by using propane sultone as the sulfonating agent prior to the membrane synthesis. Morphological analyses revealed that the zeolite particles mixed homogeneously within the polymer matrix. Sulfonating the polymer slightly decreased both water and methanol uptakes. Both in PVA‐MOR and SPVA‐MOR membranes, water uptake turned out to be higher than the methanol uptake. SPVA‐MOR membranes were found to have an average proton conductivity of 0.052 S·cm−1 when compared with the 0.036 S·cm−1 of PVA‐MOR membranes, while Nafion™ has a proton conductivity of approximately 0.1 S·cm−1. The increase in the proton conductivity upon sulfonation despite the decrease in water uptake was explained by the dominance of the Grotthuss mechanism over the vehicular mechanism for proton conductivity. Fuel cell test results showed that while SPVA‐MOR membranes cannot outperform Nafion™, they give higher power output than PVA‐MOR membranes, especially at low temperatures and high methanol concentrations. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced Activity in Methane Dry Reforming by Carbon Dioxide Induced Metal‐Oxide Interface Restructuring of Nickel/Zirconia
Authors: Steib Matthias , Lou Yu , Jentys Andreas , Lercher Johannes A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe activity of the Ni/ZrO2 catalyst for the dry reforming of methane was significantly enhanced by activation and regeneration in the presence of CO2. Exposure to CO2 maximized and dynamically restructured the Ni–ZrO2 interface, which was critical to obtain a stable catalyst. The ZrO2−x species at this interface was found to act catalytically by accepting and transferring one oxygen atom of CO2 to the Ni surface, which resulted in the release of CO in the decomposition of transiently formed carbonates. This was found to open a fast additional reaction pathway to convert CO2 that eclipsed direct CO2 dissociation on Ni. The kinetically controlled availability of atomic oxygen by this pathway reduced the carbon concentration on the surface, which led to less refractory carbon deposition and more facile regeneration.
Fabrication of Zinc Oxide Composite Microfibers for Near‐Infrared‐Light‐Mediated Photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Wan‐Ni , Zhang Fu , Zhang Chuan‐Ling , Guo Yan‐Chuan , Dai Wei , Qian Hai‐Sheng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe fabrication of photocatalysts driven by near‐infrared (NIR) light is of great scientific and technological interest to make use of solar energy. NaYF4 codoped with Yb3+ and Tm3+ upconversion nanoparticles are important nanotransducers that transfer NIR photons to high‐energy photons (UV/Vis). In this work, we demonstrated an electrospinning technique to synthesize ZnO and porous ZnO composite microfibers embedded with a large amount of NaYF4:Yb/Tm@NaYF4 nanoparticles. The morphologies, chemical compositions, and phase of the as‐prepared composites were investigated carefully by using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, TEM, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and XRD. Steady‐state and dynamic‐state fluorescence spectra were used to demonstrate that the embedded NaYF4:Yb/Tm@NaYF4 core–shell nanoparticles can activate the ZnO nanoparticles under IR irradiation. The ZnO composite microfibers can efficiently transfer the NIR photons to the excited state of ZnO and activate the semiconductor to produce reactive oxygen species to result in the degradation of rhodamine B dyes.
Performance Enhancement of a Sulfur/Carbon Cathode by Polydopamine as an Efficient Shell for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xuqing , Xie Dong , Zhong Yu , Wang Donghuang , Wu Jianbo , Wang Xiuli , Xia Xinhui , Gu Changdong , Tu Jiangping 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered to be among the most promising next‐generation high‐energy batteries. It is a consensus that improving the conductivity of sulfur cathodes and impeding the dissolution of lithium polysulfides are two key accesses to high‐performance LSBs. Herein we report a sulfur/carbon black (S/C) cathode modified by self‐polymerized polydopamine (pDA) with the assistance of polymerization treatment. The pDA acts as a novel and effective shell on the S/C cathode to stop the shuttle effect of polysulfides. By the synergistic effect of enhanced conductivity and multiple blocking effect for polysulfides, the S/C@pDA electrode exhibits improved electrochemical performances including large specific capacity (1135 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C), high rate capability (533 mAh g−1 at 5 C) and long cyclic life (965 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles). Our smart design strategy may promote the development of high‐performance LSBs.
Distinguishing Two Ammonium and Triazolium Sites of Interaction in a Three‐Station [2]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttle
Authors: Waelès Philip , Fournel‐Marotte Karine , Coutrot Frédéric 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper reports on the synthesis of a tri‐stable [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle, in which the motion of the macrocycle is triggered by either selective protonation/deprotonation or specific carbamoylation/decarbamoylation of an alkylbenzylamine. The threaded axle is surrounded by a dibenzo[24]crown[8] (DB24C8) macrocycle and contains three sites of different binding affinities towards the macrocycle. An N‐methyltriazolium moiety acts as a molecular station that has weak affinity for the DB24C8 macrocycle and is located in the centre of the molecular axle. Two other molecular stations, arylammonium and alkylbenzylammonium moieties, sit on either side of the triazolium moiety along the molecular axle and have stronger affinities for the DB24C8 macrocycle. These two ammonium moieties are covalently linked to two different stopper groups at each extremity of the thread: a tert‐butylphenyl group and a substituted DB24C8 unit. Owing to steric hindrance, the former does not allow any π–π stacking interactions with the encircling DB24C8 macrocycle, whereas the latter residue does; therefore, this allows the discrimination of the two ammonium stations by the surrounding DB24C8 macrocycle in the fully protonated state. In the deprotonated state, the contrasting reactivity of the amine functional groups, as either a base or a nucleophile, allows for selective reactions that trigger the controlled shuttling of the macrocycle around the three molecular stations.
On the Accessible Reaction Channels of Vinyl Gold(I) Species: π‐ and σ‐Pathways
Authors: Nunes dos Santos Comprido Laura , Klein Johannes E. M. N. , Knizia Gerald , Kästner Johannes , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe potential of vinyl Au species to react either through a controlled π‐ or σ‐pathway is demonstrated. This nomenclature is directly derived from the orbitals of the vinyl Au species leading to the newly formed bonds. When the π‐bond of the vinyl Au intermediate is transformed into a σ‐bond, we name it π‐pathway, and a σ‐ to σ‐ transformation is named σ‐pathway. Examples of reactions following these pathways are a Au‐catalysed [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement and a protodeauration reaction. These reactions have been studied using intrinsic bond orbitals (IBOs) and allow for the clear identification of these pathways. Energies for the reaction path of the Au‐catalysed [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement were in addition computed using CCSD(T)‐F12. Analysis of the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) of the [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement using IBOs further allows us to refine the previous mechanistic proposal and identifies a hidden intermediate along the reaction path.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Esterification of Amides
Authors: Bourne‐Branchu Yann , Gosmini Corinne , Danoun Grégory 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe first cobalt‐catalyzed amide activation of N‐Boc‐amides, and their conversion into esters, is reported here. This new methodology presents a very practical process that does not require an inert atmosphere, uses an inexpensive cobalt catalyst, and proceeds under mild reaction conditions. This catalytic system has a broad substrate scope and has been shown to be highly efficient, with catalyst loadings as low as 1 mol %.
Pigments & dyes in a collection of medieval illuminations (14th–16th century)
Authors: Mounier Aurélie , Daniel Floréal 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Marcadé Collection (Bordeaux Cathedral treasury) consists among other objects of 42 illuminations (14th to the 16th century) from five origins (France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain). For better knowledge of these miniatures, the pigments and dyes have been analyzed in ten illuminations chosen in order to represent the diversity of the collection. The aim of this study is to establish a panorama of the pigments and techniques used in medieval miniatures through the study of a set of manuscripts and to discuss the potentialities of the analytical techniques in order to reach this objective. Hyperspectral imaging is a rapid, mobile and noninvasive technique. It gives reflectance spectra for each pixel of the image. The datacube obtained was treated in order to visualize images and reflectance spectra. The software allows the mapping of the pigments by comparing spectra with those of our database. As some interpretation difficulties can appear for dyes or mixtures, to confirm the identification, point techniques such as Raman, X‐ray spectroscopy, and Fiber Optic Reflectance Spectroscopy in the Near Infrared range were used. Analyses allowed access to the palette for each illumination and showed the colours diversity and pigments treatment. They increase knowledge about the materials used and the evolution of them during the time period: the use of dyes and shell gold became more important at the end of the period. The analytical choice respects the fragility and preciousness of these artworks and helps the fast data acquisition for the materials identification.
The Effect of Gabapentin and Tramadol in Cancer Pain Induced by Glioma Cell in Rat Femur
Authors: Corona‐Ramos Janette Nallely , Déciga‐Campos Myrna , Romero‐Piña Mario , Medina Luis A. , Martínez‐Racine Issac , Jaramillo‐Morales Osmar A. , García‐López Patricia , López‐Muñoz Francisco Javier 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

The presence of pain as part of the cancer process is variable. Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) can produce bone metastasis, a condition that involves other pathological phenotypes including neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Tramadol and gabapentin are drugs used in the treatment of neuropathic pain. However, there are no studies evaluating their analgesic effects in bone metastasis. We produced a pain model induced by the inoculation of glioma cells (105) into the rat femur, by perforating the intercodiloid fossa. Painful behavior was evaluated by measuring mechanical allodynia using the Von Frey test while thermal hyperalgesia was assessed in the plantar test. Histopathological features were evaluated and antinociceptive responses were compared using tramadol and gabapentin. The inoculation of cells inside the right femur produced nociceptive behaviors. Tramadol and gabapentin produced an anti‐allodynic effect in this condition, but tramadol did not produce an anti‐hyperalgesic response. The development of this model will allow us to perform tests to elucidate the pathology of bone metastasis, cancer pain, and in particular the pain produced by glioma. Drug Dev Res 78 : 173–183, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigating the DSM‐5 severity specifiers based on thinness for adults with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Reas Deborah Lynn , Rø Øyvind 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe DSM‐5 severity classification scheme for adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) is based upon current body mass index (BMI; kg/m2). This study examined the utility of the DSM‐5 severity specifiers for adults with AN in relation to core cognitive and behavioral features of eating pathology and associated psychosocial impairment.MethodsA clinical sample of 146 adult AN patients (140 women, 6 men) were categorized using DSM‐5 current BMI severity specifiers and assessed with the Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) and Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA).ResultsA total of 34 (23.3%) patients were categorized as mild (>=17.0 BMI), 35 (24.0%) as moderate (16‐16.99 BMI), 32 (21.9%) as severe (15‐15.99 BMI), and 45 (30.8%) as extreme (<15 BMI). No significant group differences were found for age, CIA and EDE‐Q global or subscale scores, frequency of laxative use, self‐induced vomiting, binge eating, or excessive exercise.DiscussionThis study found little empirical evidence to support the utility of DSM‐5 severity rating scheme to differentiate adults with AN in terms of core eating disorder pathology or associated psychosocial impairment.
Adaptive molecular evolution of MC1R gene reveals the evidence for positive diversifying selection in indigenous goat populations
Authors: Ahmad Hafiz Ishfaq , Liu Guiqiong , Jiang Xunping , Liu Chenhui , Chong Yuqing , Huarong Huang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDetecting signatures of selection can provide a new insight into the mechanism of contemporary breeding and artificial selection and further reveal the causal genes associated to the phenotypic variation. However, the signatures of selection on genes entailing for profitable traits between Chinese commercial and indigenous goats have been poorly interpreted. We noticed footprints of positive selection at MC1R gene containing SNPs genotyped in five Chinese native goat breeds. An experimental distribution of FST was built based on approximations of FST for each SNP across five breeds. We identified selection using the high FST outlier method and found that MC1R candidate gene show evidence of positive selection. Furthermore, adaptive selection pressure on specific codons was determined using different codon based on maximum‐likelihood methods; signature of positive selection in mammalian MC1R was explored in individual codons. Evolutionary analyses were inferred under maximum likelihood models, the HyPhy package implemented in the DATAMONKEY Web Server. The results of codon selection displayed positive diversifying selection at the sites were mainly involved in development of genetic variations in coat color in various mammalian species. Positive diversifying selection inferred with recent evolutionary changes in domesticated goat MC1R provides new insights that the gene evolution may have been modulated by domestication events in goats.
Changes in phytophagous insect host ranges following the invasion of their community: Long‐term data for fruit flies
Authors: Charlery de la Masselière Maud , Ravigné Virginie , Facon Benoît , Lefeuvre Pierre , Massol François , Quilici Serge , Duyck Pierre‐François 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe invasion of an established community by new species can trigger changes in community structure. Invasions often occur in phytophagous insect communities, the dynamics of which are driven by the structure of the host assemblage and the presence of competitors. In this study, we investigated how a community established through successive invasions changed over time, taking the last invasion as the reference. The community included four generalist and four specialist species of Tephritidae fruit flies. We analyzed a long‐term database recording observed numbers of flies per fruit for each species on 36 host plants, over 18 years, from 1991 to 2009. Community structure before the last invasion by Bactrocera zonata in 2000 was described in relation to host plant phylogeny and resource availability. Changes in the host range of each species after the arrival of B. zonata were then documented by calculating diversity indices. The flies in the community occupied three types of niches defined on the basis of plant phylogeny (generalists, Solanaceae specialist, and Cucurbitaceae specialists). After the arrival of B. zonata, no change in the host range of specialist species was observed. However, the host ranges of two generalist species, Ceratitis quilicii and Ceratitis capitata, tended to shrink, as shown by the decreases in species richness and host plant α‐diversity. Our study shows increased host specialization by generalist phytophagous insects in the field following the arrival of an invasive species sharing part of their resources. These findings could be used to improve predictions of new interactions between invaders and recipient communities.