bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The utility of cellient cell blocks in low‐cellularity thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsies
Authors: Horton Michelle , Been Laura , Starling Cherry , Traweek S. Thomas 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundLow cellularity can be problematic in thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies. The Cellient cell block (CB) system has been reported to improve cell recovery compared to traditional methods. Therefore, we studied the utility of Cellient CBs in the evaluation of thyroid FNAs, with an emphasis on low‐cellularity specimens.MethodsThinPrep slides were prepared from thyroid FNAs submitted in Cytolyt. After assessment using TBSRTC criteria, Cellient CBs were requested on samples with residual FNA material and an initial cytologic impression of non‐diagnostic, AUS/FLUS, and on apparently benign samples with marginally adequate cellularity. The contribution of the CB findings to the final diagnosis was assessed.Results965 cases of paired ThinPrep and CB sections were examined. Overall, the cell block findings resulted in a change of the initial ThinPrep impression in 15% (n = 148) of cases. The vast majority of these changed cases were initially inadequate for interpretation, and specifically, 31% (n = 123) of the non‐diagnostic ThinPrep samples became diagnostic with a CB. The cell block findings contributed to a change in diagnosis in 8% (n = 23) of AUS/FLUS cases, and in less than 1% of low‐cellularity benign samples.ConclusionThe use of CBs in low‐cellularity thyroid FNAs has not been well described. In this study, we found that the contribution of CBs in this setting varied by TBSRTC category. Specifically, the samples that benefited most were initially non‐diagnostic specimens and select cases of AUS/FLUS, while low‐cellularity benign samples gained very little additional information. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:737–741. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicted rainfall changes disrupt trophic interactions in a tropical aquatic ecosystem
Authors: Pires Aliny P. F. , Marino Nicholas A. C. , Srivastava Diane S. , Farjalla Vinicius F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChanges in the distribution of rainfall and the occurrence of extreme rain events will alter the size and persistence of aquatic ecosystems. Such alterations may affect the structure of local aquatic communities in terms of species composition, and by altering species interactions. In many aquatic ecosystems, leaf litter sustains detrital food webs and could regulate the responses of communities to changes in rainfall. Few empirical studies have focused on how rainfall changes will affect aquatic communities and none have evaluated if basal resource diversity can increase resistance to such rainfall effects. In this study, we used water‐holding terrestrial bromeliads, a tropical aquatic ecosystem, to test how predicted rainfall changes and litter diversity may affect community composition and trophic interactions. We used structural equation modeling to investigate the combined effects of rainfall changes and litter diversity on trophic interactions. We demonstrated that changes in rainfall disrupted trophic relationships, even though there were only minor direct effects on species abundance, richness, and community composition. Litter diversity was not able to reduce the impact of changes in rainfall on trophic interactions. We suggest that changes in rainfall can alter the way in which species interact with each other, decreasing the linkages among trophic groups. Such reductions in biotic interactions under climate change will have critical consequences for the functioning of tropical aquatic ecosystems.
Decolorization and degradation of monoazo and diazo dyes in Pseudomonas catalyzed microbial fuel cell
Authors: Jayaprakash Jayapriya , Parthasarathy Abinaya , Viraraghavan Ramamurthy 
Published: June 2016

A laboratory‐scale H‐shaped Pseudomonas catalyzed microbial fuel cell (MFC) was investigated for its performance in decolourizing synthetic wastewater containing azo dyes. The azo‐dyes investigated in this study were methyl orange (MO), congo red, reactive blue 172 (RB), reactive yellow 145, and reactive red 2. Among the azo dyes in anode chamber MO resulted in the highest power density (4100 μW m−2) with graphite electrodes and a decolourization efficiency of 94%. The azo bonds were cleaved in all the dyes tested, and their metabolites in the anolytes were characterized by UV‐visible spectral and HPLC analyses. To reduce the internal resistance of MFC and maximize the power density, different metal salt doped graphite epoxy composites) were tested. In the case of azo dyes MO and RB, the power output increased substantially (almost 1.2 fold) when using Mn2+—GECE compared to graphite block. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1623–1628, 2016
Topics in Structural Chemistry through After‐Dinner Humor
Authors: Gavezzotti Angelo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSome of the best stories told by Jack Dunitz in after‐dinner speeches introduce comments and personal views on aspects of contemporary structural chemistry: crystal structure analysis and prediction, facts and fallacies in the study of intermolecular bonding, and theories of crystal formation, from nucleation to growth. The role of X‐ray crystallography in the determination of the structure of matter at a molecular level is highlighted, with broad and pervasive bearings on present‐day applications in materials science. A short essay presents the results of molecular simulations on the stability of small molecular clusters with crystalline structure: the future seems to lay not in the analysis of crystal structures after they are formed, but in the study of autocatalytic insurgence of long‐range ordering during nucleation processes.
Revealing the Naturalization of Language and Literacy: The Common Sense of Text Complexity
Authors: Newhouse Erica H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article illustrates the process and obstacles encountered when applying the Common Core's three‐ part model of determining text complexity to an urban literature text. This analysis revealed how the model privileges language and literacy practices that limit the range of texts used in classrooms through a process of naturalization and by appealing to common sense. Implications include possibilities for interrupting the process of naturalization by encouraging teachers to be more critical of text complexity measurements, shifting the focus of determining text complexity and text selection from standardized measurements to student‐centered practices, and providing students with access to more diverse texts.
Selective plane illumination microscopy with a light sheet of uniform thickness formed by an electrically tunable lens
Authors: Hedde Per Niklas , Gratton Enrico 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTLight sheet microscopy is a powerful technique for rapid, three‐dimensional fluorescence imaging of large specimen such as drosophila and zebrafish embryos. Yet, beam divergence results in a loss of axial resolution at the periphery of the light sheet. Here, we demonstrate how an electrically tunable lens can be utilized to maintain the minimal, diffraction‐limited thickness of the light sheet over a wide field of view (>600 µm) at high frame rates (40 fps). This mode of operation is necessary for the application of fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy in images. Microsc. Res. Tech. 81:924–928, 2018. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Climatic influence on corn sowing date in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Choi Yong‐Sang , Gim Hyeon‐Ju , Ho Chang‐Hoi , Jeong Su‐Jong , Park Seon Ki , Hayes Michael J. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the climatic influence on the corn sowing date in the Midwestern United States by comparing the survey data of corn cultivation with meteorological records in nine states for the last 36 years (1979–2014). The results show that the year‐to‐year changes in the sowing date were significantly affected by springtime air temperature and precipitation in the nine states, although large state‐to‐state differences were found in the degree of sowing date–meteorology relationship. We determined that the 36‐year climatological warm period (CWP) with daily mean temperatures ≥10 °C plays an important role in the state‐to‐state differences. For the states with longerCWPs, the influence of air temperature (precipitation) was generally weaker (stronger). This observed counteractive relationship should be considered for crop modelling for more effective assessment of the impact of climate change on agriculture.
Biochar‐compost substrates in short‐rotation coppice: Effects on soil and trees in a three‐year field experiment
Authors: Glisczynski Felix von , Pude Ralf , Amelung Wulf , Sandhage‐Hofmann Alexandra 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBoth biochar and compost may improve carbon sequestration and soil fertility; hence, it has been recommended to use a mixture of both for sustainable land management. Here, we evaluated the effects of biochar–compost substrates on soil properties and plant growth in short rotation coppice plantations (SRC). For this purpose, we planted the tree species poplar, willow, and alder in a no‐till field experiment, each of them amended in triplicate with 0 (= control) or 30 Mg ha−1 compost or biochar–compost substrates containing 15% vol. (TPS15) and 30% vol. biochar (TPS30). For three years running, we analyzed plant growth as well as soil pH, potential cation exchange capacity (CEC), stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC), total N, and plant‐available phosphate and potassium oxide.Biochar‐compost substrates affected most soil properties only in the topsoil and for a limited period of time. The CEC and total stocks of SOC were consistently elevated relative to the control. After three years the C gain of up to 6.4 Mg SOC ha−1 in the TPS30 plots was lower than the added C amount. Especially in the case of TPS30 treatment, C input was characterized by the greatest losses after application, although the black carbon of the biochar was not degraded in soil. Additionally, tree growth and woody biomass yield did not respond at all to the treatments. Overall, there were few if any indications that biochar–compost substrates improve the performance of SRC under temperate soil and climate conditions. Therefore, the use of biochar for such systems is not recommended.
In vitro effects of sodium bicarbonate buffer on rumen fermentation, levels of lipopolysaccharide and biogenic amine, and composition of rumen microbiota
Authors: Mao Shengyong , Huo Wenjie , Liu Junhua , Zhang Ruiyang , Zhu Weiyun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiets containing high levels of carbohydrates provoke a rapid decrease of rumen pH and high levels of biogenic amines and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which severely impair the health and performance of ruminants. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium bicarbonate (BC) buffer on rumen fermentation, levels of LPS and biogenic amine, and composition of rumen microbiota using in vitro rumen cultures.RESULTSSodium bicarbonate supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the final pH levels and concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and LPS, as well as the proportions of acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, isovalerate and valerate, and it decreased (P < 0.05) the proportion of butyrate and the levels of lactic acid, methylamine, tryptamine, tyramine, histamine and putrescine compared with the control. Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed that BC inclusion increased (P < 0.05) the bacterial diversity index compared with the control. Adding BC also decreased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Butyrivibrio and increased (P < 0.05) the proportions of Ruminococcus, Succinivibrio and Prevotella.CONCLUSIONSodium bicarbonate supplementation has beneficial effects in the reduction of bioamine levels and the increase in ruminal pH, and in modifying the microbial ecology of the rumen; however, it results in an accumulation of LPS under high‐grain diet conditions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
A nonconvex approach to low‐rank matrix completion using convex optimization
Authors: Lazzaro Damiana 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThis paper deals with the problem of recovering an unknown low‐rank matrix from a sampling of its entries. For its solution, we consider a nonconvex approach based on the minimization of a nonconvex functional that is the sum of a convex fidelity term and a nonconvex, nonsmooth relaxation of the rank function. We show that by a suitable choice of this nonconvex penalty, it is possible, under mild assumptions, to use also in this matrix setting the iterative forward–backward splitting method. Specifically, we propose the use of certain parameter dependent nonconvex penalties that with a good choice of the parameter value allow us to solve in the backward step a convex minimization problem, and we exploit this result to prove the convergence of the iterative forward–backward splitting algorithm. Based on the theoretical results, we develop for the solution of the matrix completion problem the efficient iterative improved matrix completion forward–backward algorithm, which exhibits lower computing times and improved recovery performance when compared with the best state‐of‐the‐art algorithms for matrix completion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positive Feedback Loop of OCT4 and c-JUN Expedites Cancer Stemness in Liver Cancer
Authors: Kuo Kung-Kai , Lee King-Teh , Chen Ker-Kong , Yang Ya-Han , Lin Ying-Chu , Tsai Ming-Ho , Wuputra Kenly , Lee Yen-Liang , Ku Chia-Chen , Miyoshi Hiroyuki , Nakamura Yukio , Saito Shigeo , Wu Chun-Chieh , Chai Chee-Yin , Eckner Richard , Steve Lin Chen-Lung , Wang Sophie S-W , Wu Deng-Chyang , Lin Chang-Shen , Yokoyama Kazunari K. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The network of stemness genes and oncogenes in human patient-specific reprogrammed cancer stem cells (CSCs) remains elusive, especially in liver cancer. HepG2-derived induced pluripotent stem cell-like cells (HepG2-iPS-like cells) were generated by introducing Yamanaka factors and the knockdown vector shTP53. They exhibited features of stemness and a higher tumorigenesis after xenograft transplantation compared with HepG2 cells. The cancerous mass of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice derived from one colony was dissected and cultured to establish reprogrammed HepG2-derived CSC-like cells (designated rG2-DC-1C). A single colony exhibited 42% occurrence of tumors with higher proliferation capacities. rG2-DC-1C showed continuous expression of the OCT4 stemness gene and of representative tumor markers, potentiated chemoresistance characteristics, and invasion activities. The sphere-colony formation ability and the invasion activity of rG2-DC-1C were also higher than those of HepG2 cells. Moreover, the expression of the OCT4 gene and the c-JUN oncogene, but not of c-MYC, was significantly elevated in rG2-DC-1C, whereas no c-JUN expression was observed in HepG2 cells. The positive-feedback regulation via OCT4-mediated transactivation of the c-JUN promoter and the c-JUN-mediated transactivation of the OCT4 promoter were crucial for promoting cancer development and maintaining cancer stemness in rG2-DC-1C. Increased expression of OCT4 and c-JUN was detected in the early stage of human liver cancer. Therefore, the positive feedback regulation of OCT4 and c-JUN, resulting in the continuous expression of oncogenes such as c-JUN, seems to play a critical role in the determination of the cell fate decision from iPS cells to CSCs in liver cancer.
Control of Underactuated Skid Steering Mobile Platforms Based on Extended Factitious Force Concept
Authors: Mazur Alicja , Domski Wojciech , Roszkowska Elżbieta 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn the paper new control method of skid steering mobile platforms has been presented. Such platforms are robotic objects with deficit of control inputs in dynamic model, i.e. they are dynamically under-actuated. To compensate lack of controls, it has been assumed that there are additional factitious inputs to dynamics (so-called factitious forces), which preserve possibility to control dynamical model of skid steering mobile platform, expressed in auxiliary velocities. Factitious inputs do not exist in reality therefore it was assumed that they are equal to zero equivalently. Signals calculated from implicit functions defining factitious forces make possible to approximate slipping effects and they can be taken into account by construction of control law.
Paraneoplastic pemphigus as a presentation of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Siddiqui Salahuddin , Bilal Mohammad , Otaibi Zachary , Bilimoria Farshaad , Patel Nihar , Rossetti James 
Published: June 2016

Skin lesions are frequently encountered in clinical practice which can be a presentation of systemic diseases not excluding an occult malignancy. Commonly reported paraneoplastic dermatologic manifestations include acanthosis nigricans, dermatomyositis, erythroderma, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, Sweet syndrome, and paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP).
PNP is a rare autoimmune mucocutaneous disease characterized by severe stomatitis, polymorphic skin eruptions, and associated underlying neoplasms most commonly non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and Castleman disease. PNP is characterized on histopathology as dyskeratotic epithelial cells with acantholysis with a typical immunofluorescence staining pattern of direct and/or indirect staining of intercellular, basement membrane, and dermoepidermal junction with immunoglobulin-G and C3. PNP has been described to have poor prognosis with a mortality range of 75–90% and a mean survival of less than 1 year.
We describe a previously unreported case of PNP associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) where the patient presented with a nonhealing ulcer and hemorrhagic crusting on the face that did not respond to antimicrobials and steroids. Investigations revealed leukocytosis with peripherally circulating blasts. Skin biopsy revealed an evolving PNP and bone marrow biopsy confirmed evidence of AML. The patient underwent induction, consolidation, and then successful allogenic bone marrow transplantation with complete remission. The skin lesion, which was initially refractory to treatments, surprisingly resolved within 7 days of starting induction chemotherapy.
In this case, the skin lesion was a key factor in early diagnosis and instituting treatment for the underlying AML. Early intervention gave our patient a better outcome with an ongoing survival of 18 months since diagnosis, maintaining complete remission.
A community‐based, mixed‐methods study of the attitudes and behaviors of men regarding modern family planning in Nigeria
Authors: Akaba Godwin , Ketare Nathaniel , Tile Wilfred 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and extent of involvement of men in family planning in Nigeria, and to evaluate spousal communication regarding family planning.MethodsA community‐based, mixed‐methods study enrolled participants in Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria between January 11 and June 30, 2012. Quantitative surveys including semi‐structured interviews were used to collect information from married men regarding their knowledge and attitudes to modern family planning. The qualitative components constituted focus group discussion sessions and in‐depth interviews that included married men, married women, religious leaders, community leaders, and family‐planning providers.ResultsQuantitative surveys were completed by 152 men; 99 (65.1%) reported that they would accompany their wives to family‐planning clinics in the future, 116 (76.3%) reported approving of the use of modern contraception by their wives, and 132 (86.8%) reported wanting to know more about family planning. Both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the study indicated that husbands were the major decision makers regarding family size, choice of contraceptive, and pregnancy timing.ConclusionIn terms of fertility goals and family planning, men were the primary decision makers; consequently, obtaining their support and commitment to family planning is of crucial importance in Nigeria.
Early Rehabilitation in the Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Units for Patients With and Without Mechanical Ventilation: An Interprofessional Performance Improvement Project
Authors: Corcoran John R. , Herbsman Jodi M. , Bushnik Tamara , Van Lew Steve , Stolfi Angela , Parkin Kate , McKenzie Alison , Hall Geoffrey W. , Joseph Waveney , Whiteson Jonathan , Flanagan Steven R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundMost early mobility studies focus on patients on mechanical ventilation and the role of physical and occupational therapy. This Performance Improvement Project (PIP) project examined early mobility and increased intensity of therapy services on patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with and without mechanical ventilation. In addition, speech‐language pathology rehabilitation was added to the early mobilization program.ObjectiveWe sought to assess the efficacy of early mobilization of patients with and without mechanical ventilation in the ICU on length of stay (LOS) and patient outcomes and to determine the financial viability of the program.DesignPIP. Prospective data collection in 2014 (PIP) compared with a historical patient population in 2012 (pre‐PIP).SettingMedical and surgical ICUs of a Level 2 trauma hospital.PatientsThere were 160 patients in the PIP and 123 in the pre‐PIP.InterventionsInterprofessional training to improve collaboration and increase intensity of rehabilitation therapy services in the medical and surgical intensive care units for medically appropriate patients.MeasurementsDemographics; intensity of service; ICU and hospital LOS; medications; pain; discharge disposition; functional mobility; and average cost per day were examined.Main ResultsRehabilitation therapy services increased from 2012 to 2014 by approximately 60 minutes per patient. The average ICU LOS decreased by almost 20% from 4.6 days (pre‐PIP) to 3.7 days (PIP) (P = .05). A decrease of over 40% was observed in the floor bed average LOS from 6.0 days (pre‐PIP) to 3.4 days (PIP) (P < .01). An increased percentage of PIP patients, 40.5%, were discharged home without services compared with 18.2% in the pre‐PIP phase (P < .01). Average cost per day in the ICU and floor bed decreased in the PIP group, resulting in an annualized net cost savings of $1.5 million.ConclusionsThe results of the PIP indicate that enhanced rehabilitation services in the ICU is clinically feasible, results in improved patient outcomes, and is fiscally sound. Most early mobility studies focus on patients on mechanical ventilation. The results of this PIP project demonstrate that there are significant benefits to early mobility and increased intensity of therapy services on ICU patients with and without mechanical ventilation. Benefits include reduced hospitalization LOS, decreased health care costs, and decreased need for postacute care services.Level of EvidenceIII