bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positioning and change in a hospital ward
Authors: Kjaerbeck Susanne 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThis paper focuses on communication about hygiene in a hospital ward and with the relevant infection control organization. The purpose of this paper is to examine the function of the hygiene coordinator as a key change agent and the communicative challenges and role conflicts implied in her practice. The author suggests strategies for improving communication on hygiene on ward level.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical material consists of interviews and recordings of communicative events in relation to a breakout of dangerous bacteria in the ward. Change communication is used as a contextualizing frame of understanding, and positioning theory and analysis are applied to shed light upon the core challenges of communicating as a change agent when the coordinator’s professional position and collegial relations do not support it.FindingsIt is shown how these challenges are connected to positional dilemmas regarding professional hierarchies and collegial relations. In order to have the hygiene coordinator gain authority and achieve empowerment in her function, additional documentation and training are needed, and communication efforts between the department management and the hygiene coordinator need strengthening. Furthermore, the hygiene area should be connected to the hospital’s overarching purpose of saving lives.Originality/valueThese findings point to the importance of taking communication on the departmental level into consideration in relation to change strategies, and they highlight the centrality of strategic positioning practices in a work environment which is organized in professional groups and according to distributed responsibilities.
Strategy development through interview technique from narrative therapy
Authors: Kryger Anders 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the successful strategy formulation process of a new purchasing department at an international engineering group.

Design/methodology/approach
The strategy formulation was co-created by the department manager and employees at a storytelling workshop, facilitated with interview technique from narrative therapy, and later authorized by the business area director. The organizational intervention preceded the scholarly inquiry.

Findings
Employees’ retrospective storytelling about working at the company enabled them to formulate a joint mission statement using words and expressions from their own stories. Prospective storytelling enabled them to formulate a joint medium- and long-term vision and a corresponding action plan. This paper proposes interview technique from narrative therapy as a new practice-oriented strategic management tool and calls for further experimentation in rethinking best practices in strategy development.

Originality/value
Introducing narrative therapy interview technique in an organizational context is valuable because it may facilitate affinity of employees to strategy through storytelling thus contributing to contextualized strategy formulation and paving the way for subsequent implementation. This “from practice to research” approach can serve as inspiration for action researchers interested in driving organizational change.
Strategic renewal in times of environmental scarcity
Authors: Al Humaidan Saleh , Sabatier Valerie 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze how strategic renewal occurs in large incumbent newspaper companies facing a specific context of environment scarcity (i.e. environmental dissolution (the market gradually changing in size and scope)). Within the media industry, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) offers a particularly interesting research setting because the number of competitors in the regional market is regulated by the government; consequently, the incumbent firms face the same local environment. This situation offers the possibility to shed light on how the orientation of the top management team (TMT) of the firm influences the strategic renewal and the traditional business model of the firm.Design/methodology/approachThe strategic renewal of the three largest incumbents of the print newspapers in KSA over 12 years (from 2000 to 2012) was analyzed with a qualitative approach (archival data and 30 interviews with the TMTs of each company and with external observers). A two-step analysis of within-case analysis and cross-case analysis was used.FindingsBuilding on Schmittet al.’s (2016) framework, it was empirically found that depending on the orientation of the TMT, the managerial perception of the firm’s environment within the same scarcity situation leads to different strategic renewal responses. The findings demonstrate that internally oriented TMTs engage in incremental business model changes, while externally oriented TMTs engage in disruptive business model changes. However, management’s attitude toward technology has been neglected in the literature so far, and it was concluded that technology plays a mediating role in strategy renewal.Research limitations/implicationsRecent research on strategic renewal in times of environmental scarcity has built on both population ecology and strategic choice literatures and has argued that varying CEO perceptions can lead to very different strategic responses. Other research on business models has started to explore the role of technology in business model evolution. In the context of environmental dissolution, it can be argued that the attitude of the TMT toward technology has a mediating role in business model evolution.Practical implicationsIn times of environmental dissolution – the traditional market of the firm changes not only in size but also in scope – strategic renewal is conditioned by the orientation of the TMT and its attitude toward technology. When the traditional business model of the firm is put under pressure by such changes, teams with an external orientation or an appetite for technology will be more likely able to engage in business model disruption.Originality/valueThe authors have had the opportunity to conduct case studies on three large newspapers companies in a country where the regulation is very strong and press freedom is not comparable to other European or North-American countries.
Predators regulate prey species sorting and spatial distribution in microbial landscapes
Authors: Livingston George , Fukumori Kayoko , Provete Diogo B. , Kawachi Masanobu , Takamura Noriko , Leibold Mathew A. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe role of predation in determining the metacommunity assembly model of prey communities is understudied relative to that of interspecific competition among prey. Previous work on metacommunity dynamics of competing species has shown that sorting by habitat patch type and spatial patterning can be affected by disturbances.Microcosms offer a useful model system to test the effect of multi‐trophic interactions and disturbance on metacommunity dynamics. Here, we investigated the potential role of predators in enhancing or disrupting sorting and spatial pattern among prey in experimental landscapes.We exposed multi‐trophic protist microcosm landscapes with one predator, two competing prey, two patch resource types, and localized dispersal to three disturbance regimes (none, low, and high). Then, we used variation partitioning and spatial clustering analysis to analyse the results.In contrast with previous experiments that did not manipulate predators, we found that patch type did not structure prey communities very well. Instead, we found that it was the distribution of the predator that most strongly predicted the composition of the prey community.The predator impacted species sorting by (1) preferentially consuming one prey, thereby acting as a strong local environmental driver, and by (2) indirectly magnifying the impact of patch food resources on the less preferred prey. The predator also enhanced spatial signal in the prey community because of its limited dispersal.Our results indicate that predators can strongly influence prey species sorting and spatial patterning in metacommunities in ways that would otherwise be attributed to stochastic effects, such as dispersal limitation or demographic drift. Therefore, whenever possible, predators should be explicitly included as separate explanatory factors in variation partitioning analyses.
Stoichiometry of Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and small eukaryotic populations in the western North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Baer Steven E. , Lomas Michael W. , Terpis Kristina X. , Mouginot Céline , Martiny Adam C. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIn the North Atlantic Ocean, we found that natural populations of Prochlorococcus adhered to Redfield ratio dimensions when comparing cell quotas of carbon to nitrogen, but had flexible composition under nutrient and light stress, allowing for a broad range of cellular carbon‐ and nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus ratios. Synechococcus populations also exhibited a wide range of elemental stoichiometry, including carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratios and increased their carbon‐to‐phosphorus ratios in response to low dissolved phosphorus availability. Small eukaryotic populations tended to have lower carbon‐to‐phosphorus ratios than single cell cyanobacterial groups, with the exception of one group of samples, which highlights the importance of community composition when determining how biological diversity influences bulk particle stoichiometry. The ratio of dissolved nitrogen:phosphorus fluxes into the euphotic zone was not correlated to nitrogen:phosphorus cellular quotas. The lack of a homeostatic relationship implies that other mechanisms, such as species‐specific adaptation to oligotrophic phosphorus concentrations, control elemental particle ratios.
Outcomes of preoperative biliary drainage from a single tertiary center: Is there still a role for plastic stents?
Authors: Ma Michael Xiang , Chin Marcus Woon Soon , Jennings Melissa , Siah Chiang , Edmunds Simon 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVESPreoperative biliary drainage (PBD) can relieve symptoms of cholestasis, but carries risk of procedural complications. Metal stents have wider lumens and longer patency, although plastic stents (PS) remain in use. We reviewed the outcomes after PBD in patients with cholestasis.METHODSPatients with symptomatic cholestasis who were likely to wait for over 2 weeks before surgery and were thus treated with PBD between January 2011 and May 2015 were included. Patients were evaluated for stenting‐related complications, time interval to surgery, resection rate, improvement in bilirubin level and surgical complications.RESULTSForty patients underwent PBD by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Of these, 36 patients received the placement of PS, one received a metal stent and the remaining three required percutaneous drainage due to unsuccessful biliary cannulation. Serum bilirubin declined from 172 μmol/L (baseline) to 14 μmol/L at 30 days (P < 0.0001). Median time interval from ERCP to surgery in all patients was 5 weeks (range 2–36 weeks). Preoperative stenting‐related complications occurred in seven patients after a median of 3 weeks (range 1–6 weeks). Median time to surgery was similar in patients with and without stenting‐related complications (5 weeks vs 4 weeks, respectively, P = 0.33). Surgery was completed in 32 (80%) patients, with a post‐Whipple complication rate of 53%.CONCLUSIONSPBD using mostly PS was effective in reducing bilirubin levels and did not detrimentally affect time interval to surgery. Median time interval to stenting‐related complication occurred after 3 weeks, suggesting PS may be most useful for short‐term PBD.
Gamma Knife radiosurgery for brain metastases from gastrointestinal primary
Authors: Page Brandi R , Wang Edina C , White Lance , McTyre Emory , Peiffer Ann , Alistar Angela , Mu Frank , Loganathan Amritraj , Bourland John Daniel , Laxton Adrian W , Tatter Stephen B , Chan Michael D 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroductionIn this study, we assessed clinical outcomes of patients with brain metastases from a gastrointestinal (GI) primary cancer and patterns of failure after stereotactic radiosurgery including failure within the radiosurgical volume, distant failure and leptomeningeal failure (LMF). We also assessed other factors associated with the patients’ neurologic and extraneuraxial disease that may affect clinical outcomes.MethodsWe reviewed our institutional series of 62 consecutive patients with brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery, which included 17 patients with oesophageal, 44 patients with colorectal and one patient with anal canal primary. The median marginal dose to the radiosurgery volume was 17 Gy (range 10–24 Gy). Thirteen patients were treated with whole‐brain radiotherapy (WBRT) prior to GKS.ResultsThe median dose delivered to the margin of the tumour was 17 Gy (range: 10–24 Gy). The median largest tumour diameter was 2.7 cm (range: 0.60–6.1 cm). The median overall survival (OS) was 7.1 months with a median follow‐up of 6.1 months and a range of 0–31.7 months. Freedom from local failure was 86.5% and 62.2% at 6 and 12 months respectively. Freedom from distant failure was 73.2% and 42.2% at 6 and 12 months, respectively, and 40% of patients died of neurologic death. LMF occurred in seven patients, all of whom had colorectal primaries. Multivariate analysis revealed that craniotomy for resection of brain metastasis (HR = 2.63, P < 0.02), an absence of extracranial disease (HR = 2.28, P < 0.03), and prolonged time to distant brain failure (HR = 2.85, P < 0.01) predicted for improved survival.ConclusionsColorectal cancer metastases tend to have a higher rate of leptomeningeal failure than other types of GI cancer metastases. Radiosurgical management of brain metastases from GI primary represents an acceptable management option. Neurologic death remains problematic.
Lipopolysaccharide promotes the development of murine endometriosis‐like lesions via the nuclear factor‐kappa B pathway
Authors: Azuma Yukihiro , Taniguchi Fuminori , Nakamura Kazuomi , Nagira Kei , Khine Yin Mon , Kiyama Tomoiki , Uegaki Takashi , Izawa Masao , Harada Tasuku 
Published: January 2017

ProblemIs lipopolysaccharide (LPS) involved in the development of endometriosis?Method of StudyBALB/c mice (n=69) were used for the murine endometriosis model. Mice with surgically induced endometriosis were injected with LPS intraperitoneally. After 4 weeks of LPS injections with or without the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) inhibitor, the extent of endometriosis‐like lesions was evaluated. Expression of inflammatory factors in the implants was evaluated using real‐time RT‐PCR. Cell proliferation, angiogenic activity, inflammation, and NF‐κB phosphorylation were assessed by immunohistochemical staining.ResultsLipopolysaccharide increased total number, size, and mRNA expression of Ptgs‐2, Vegf, Ccl‐2, and Il‐6 in endometriosis‐like lesions. LPS also increased the percentage of Ki67‐positive cells and enhanced the intensity and rate of positive cells of CD3, F4/80, and PECAM. Intense expression of phospho‐NF‐κB p65 after LPS administration was observed. Treatment with the NF‐kB inhibitor negated these LPS‐induced effects.ConclusionLPS‐induced pelvic inflammation status enhanced the development of murine endometriosis‐like lesions via NF‐κB pathway.
To Revoke or Not Revoke? The Political Determinants of Executive Order Longevity
Authors: Thrower Sharece 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThough many scholars study the formation of policy, less attention is given to its endurance. In this article, I seek to determine what contributes to the longevity of policy by examining the case of presidential unilateralism. While scholars widely recognize presidents’ ability to unilaterally make policy with executive orders, they largely do not account for how these same orders can be easily changed by subsequent administrations. To address this deficiency, I develop a theory of executive order duration based on both time‐invariant characteristics of the order and time‐variant changes in the political climate it faces. Using survival analysis to examine all orders revoked between 1937 and 2013, I find support for the theory. This study has implications for understanding the endurance of executive orders and other policy instruments as part of the law as well as understanding the strategic actions of policy makers given the transient nature of these tools.
Raised faecal calprotectin is associated with subsequent symptomatic relapse, in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease in clinical remission
Authors: Diederen K. , Hoekman D. R. , Leek A. , Wolters V. M. , Hummel T. Z. , de Meij T. G. , Koot B. G. P. , Tabbers M. M. , Benninga M. A. , Kindermann A. 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYBackgroundReliable data on inflammatory biomarkers for predicting relapse of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are lacking.AimTo investigate the predictive value of faecal calprotectin (FC) and CRP for symptomatic relapse in pediatric IBD in clinical remission.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional cohort study, patients <18 years with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis in clinical remission ≥3 months were included. At baseline, clinical and biochemical disease activity were assessed using the abbreviated‐Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index or Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index, and FC and CRP respectively. Disease course over the subsequent 12 months was retrospectively assessed.ResultsIn total, 114 patients (56% males; median age 14.9 years) were included. Baseline FC was higher in patients that developed symptomatic relapse [median (IQR), relapse 370 μg/g (86–1100) vs. remission 122 μg/g (40–344), P = 0.003]. Baseline FC was predictive of symptomatic relapse within 6 months [HR per 250 μg/g (95% CI): 1.46 (1.21–1.77), P < 0.001], with good predictive accuracy (AUC: 0.82). Optimal FC cut‐off was 350 μg/g, with positive and negative predictive value of 41% and 96%. Baseline CRP was higher in patients that developed symptomatic relapse [median (IQR), relapse 1.0 μg/g (0.6–5.0) vs. remission 1.0 μg/g (0.4–2.0), P = 0.033]. Baseline CRP was predictive of symptomatic relapse within 6 months from baseline [HR per 1 mg/L (95% CI): 1.10 (1.02–1.19), P = 0.011], with fair predictive accuracy (AUC: 0.72). Optimal CRP cut‐off was 1.0 mg/L, with positive and negative predictive value of 21% and 94%.ConclusionsFaecal calprotectin and CRP are predictive of symptomatic relapse and may be valuable in management of paediatric IBD in clinical remission.
Principal–principal agency problems and stock price crash risk: Evidence from the split‐share structure reform in China
Authors: Sun Jian , Yuan Rongli , Cao Feng , Wang Baiqiang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueOn April 2005, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) launched the split‐share structure reform to mitigate principal–principal agency problems. Using the reform as an exogenous shock, we examine the impact of principal–principal agency problems on stock price crash risk. Specifically, this study attempts to answer two questions: (1) Does the split‐share structure reform in China decrease stock price crash risk? (2) Is the above effect induced by the mitigation of principal–principal agency problems?Research Findings/InsightsWe find that the reform induces a significant decrease in crash risk after controlling for other predictors of crash risk, and this effect is more pronounced in firms with a higher proportion of shares held by controlling shareholders. Moreover, we find that the negative impact of the reform on stock price crash risk is more pronounced in firms with a high level of tunneling prior to the reform, which indicates that reform induces less tunneling, and adversely affects crash risk.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study contributes to the literature in two ways. First, this study constitutes the first effort to explore the determinants of stock price crash risk from the perspective of principal–principal agency problems. Second, this study enriches the growing literature on the economic consequences of the split‐share structure reform in China.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsWe draw two important implications from our results. First, our findings highlight that regulatory intervention is an important way to enhance corporate governance. This is particularly beneficial in China, a transitional economy which may lag in terms of general protection of investors and information disclosure. Second, this study also confirms that minority shareholders and listed firms benefit from the reform. Both are crucial to the healthy development of the capital market in China.
Positive parenting predicts cortisol functioning six years later in young adults
Authors: Shirtcliff Elizabeth A. , Skinner Martie L. , Obasi Ezemenari M. , Haggerty Kevin P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractResearch which indicates that adverse experiences influence hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis functioning illustrates the social environment ‘getting under the skin’. The present study extended this literature by examining whether positive social forces within the caregiving environment can also impact cortisol functioning. We conducted a prospective investigation of over 300 youth, half of whom were White and half were Black. Attachment, bonding and parental rewards for positive behaviors were observed or reported by the youth as an 8th grader. Twelve repeated measures of salivary cortisol were examined six years later when youth were young adults (mean age 20). Race differences were explored. Stronger attachment, bonding and teen‐reported positive parenting were predictive of high waking cortisol and steeper diurnal slopes six years later. This effect was nonlinear and additive, such that youth whose social contexts were characterized by the strongest attachment, bonding and rewarding parental relationships had the highest waking cortisol. When effects were moderated by race, findings were such that links of positive parenting with HPA functioning were more consistent for White than Black youth. Findings suggest that positive aspects of the caregiving environment can also ‘get under the skin’ and these effects are additive across a range of caregiving indices. These findings dovetail with an emerging literature on the powerful role of social support for shaping the body's stress response system and are interpreted as consistent with the Adaptive Calibration Model which suggests that cortisol regulation can have adaptive significance. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/8evHXpt_TXM.