bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Inactive Materials and Components of Flexible Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Foreman Evan , Zakri Waleed , Hossein Sanatimoghaddam Mohammad , Modjtahedi Ali , Pathak Saurabh , Kashkooli Ali Ghorbani , Garafolo Nicholas G. , Farhad Siamak 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFlexible Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) have a strong oncoming consumer market demand for use in wearable electronics, flexible electronics, and implantable medical devices. This market demand necessitates research on flexible LIBs to fulfill the energy requirements of these devices. One of the main areas of research of flexible LIBs is the active and inactive materials used in manufacturing these batteries. Active materials are those used in the battery electrodes to store lithium in their structure. The remaining materials in flexible LIBs, which do not directly contribute to energy storage, are inactive materials. Inactive materials and components—including electrode conductive materials, binders, separator, current collectors, electrolyte, and casing/packaging—make up almost 60% of the total weight of a LIB. Thus, they are important in the determination of energy and power density of flexible LIBs. This study reviews the inactive materials and components of flexible LIBs from two aspects. First, inactive materials and components used in flexible LIBs and their properties are compared. Then, the compatibility and stability of inactive materials and components are discussed. Overall, this article gives an extensive insight to researchers on inactive materials and components employed so far for flexible LIBs.
Charge Transport Modulation of a Flexible Quantum Dot Solar Cell Using a Piezoelectric Effect
Authors: Cho Yuljae , Giraud Paul , Hou Bo , Lee Young‐Woo , Hong John , Lee Sanghyo , Pak Sangyeon , Lee Juwon , Jang Jae Eun , Morris Stephen M. , Sohn Jung Inn , Cha SeungNam , Kim Jong Min 
Published: September 2017

AbstractColloidal quantum dots are promising materials for flexible solar cells, as they have a large absorption coefficient at visible and infrared wavelengths, a band gap that can be tuned across the solar spectrum, and compatibility with solution processing. However, the performance of flexible solar cells can be degraded by the loss of charge carriers due to recombination pathways that exist at a junction interface as well as the strained interface of the semiconducting layers. The modulation of the charge carrier transport by the piezoelectric effect is an effective way of resolving and improving the inherent material and structural defects. By inserting a porous piezoelectric poly(vinylidenefluoride‐trifluoroethylene) layer so as to generate a converging electric field, it is possible to modulate the junction properties and consequently enhance the charge carrier behavior at the junction. This study shows that due to a reduction in the recombination and an improvement in the carrier extraction, a 38% increase in the current density along with a concomitant increase of 37% in the power conversion efficiency of flexible quantum dots solar cells can be achieved by modulating the junction properties using the piezoelectric effect.
A Delaminated Defect‐Rich ZrO2Hierarchical Nanowire Photocathode for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Rahman Md Anisur , Thomas Joseph P. , Leung Kam Tong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn efficient way to combat the energy crisis and the greenhouse gas effect of fossil fuels is the production of hydrogen fuel from solar‐driven water splitting reaction. Here, this study presents a p‐type ZrO2nanoplate‐decorated ZrO2nanowire photocathode with a high photoconversion efficiency that makes it potentially viable for commercial solar H2production. The composition of oxygen vacancy defects, low charge carrier transport property, and high specific surface area of these as‐grown hierarchical nanowires are further improved by an hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment, which causes partial delamination and produces a thin amorphous ZrO2layer on the surface of the as‐grown nanostructured film. The presence of different types of oxygen vacancies (neutral, singly charged, and doubly charged defects) and their compositional correlation to the Zrx+oxidation states (4 >x> 2) are found to affect the charge transfer process, the p‐type conductivity, and the photocatalytic activity of the ZrO2nanostructured film. The resulting photocathode provides the highest overall photocurrent (−42.3 mA cm−2at 0 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) among all the photocathodes reported to date, and an outstanding 3.1% half‐cell solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency with a Faradaic efficiency of 97.8%. Even more remarkable is that the majority of the photocurrent (69%) is produced in the visible light region.
Hydrogen Flux through Size Selected Pd Nanoparticles into Underlying Mg Nanofilms
Authors: Kumar Sushant , Pavloudis Theodore , Singh Vidyadhar , Nguyen Hoa , Steinhauer Stephan , Pursell Christopher , Clemens Bruce , Kioseoglou Joseph , Grammatikopoulos Panagiotis , Sowwan Mukhles 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe application of Mg for hydrogen storage is hindered due to the slow absorption of hydrogen in Mg films. Herein, the hydrogenation process is explored theoretically using density functional theory calculations, and energy barriers are compared for hydrogen diffusion through Pd nanoparticle/Mg film interfaces and their variations, i.e., Pd(H)/Mg(O). Decomposing the mechanism into basic steps, it is shown that Pd undergoes a strain‐induced crystallographic phase transformation near the interface, and indicated that hydrogen saturation of Pd nanoparticles enhances their efficiency as nanoportals. Using energetic arguments, it is explained why hydrogen diffusion is practically prohibited through native Mg oxide and seriously suppressed through existing hydride domains. Hydrogen flux is experimentally investigated through the nanoportals in Pd‐nanoparticle decorated Mg films by pressure‐composition isotherm measurements. An r ≈ t1/3 relationship is theoretically calculated for the radial growth of hemispherical hydride domains, and this relationship is confirmed by atomic force microscopy. The diffusion constant of hydrogen in Mg films is estimated as DHfilm ≈ 8 × 10−18 m2 s−1, based on transmission electron microscopy characterization. The unique nanoportal configuration allows direct measurement of hydride domain sizes, thus forming a model system for the experimental investigation of hydrogenation in any material.
Highly Reproducible Sn‐Based Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells with 9% Efficiency
Authors: Shao Shuyan , Liu Jian , Portale Giuseppe , Fang Hong‐Hua , Blake Graeme R. , ten Brink Gert H. , Koster L. Jan Anton , Loi Maria Antonietta 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of tin‐based hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) is mainly attributed to the high background carrier density due to a high density of intrinsic defects such as Sn vacancies and oxidized species (Sn4+) that characterize Sn‐based HPSCs. Herein, this study reports on the successful reduction of the background carrier density by more than one order of magnitude by depositing near‐single‐crystalline formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) films with the orthorhombic a‐axis in the out‐of‐plane direction. Using these highly crystalline films, obtained by mixing a very small amount (0.08 m) of layered (2D) Sn perovskite with 0.92 m (3D) FASnI3, for the first time a PCE as high as 9.0% in a planar p–i–n device structure is achieved. These devices display negligible hysteresis and light soaking, as they benefit from very low trap‐assisted recombination, low shunt losses, and more efficient charge collection. This represents a 50% improvement in PCE compared to the best reference cell based on a pure FASnI3 film using SnF2 as a reducing agent. Moreover, the 2D/3D‐based HPSCs show considerable improved stability due to the enhanced robustness of the perovskite film compared to the reference cell.
Safety and pharmacokinetics of the oral iron chelator SP‐420 in β‐thalassemia
Authors: Taher Ali T. , Saliba Antoine N. , Kuo Kevin H. , Giardina Patricia J. , Cohen Alan R. , Neufeld Ellis J. , Aydinok Yesim , Kwiatkowski Janet L. , Jeglinski Brenda I. , Pietropaolo Keith , Berk Gregory , Viprakasit Vip 
Published: September 2017

AbstactOur phase I, open‐label, multi‐center, dose‐escalation study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) of SP‐420, a tridentate oral iron chelating agent of the desferrithiocin class, in patients with transfusion dependent β‐thalassemia. SP‐420 was administered as a single dose of 1.5 (n = 3), 3 (n = 3), 6 (n = 3), 12 (n = 3), and 24 (n = 6) mg/kg or as a twice‐daily dose of 9 mg/kg (n = 6) over 14‐28 days. There was a near dose‐linear increase in the mean plasma SP‐420 concentrations and in the mean values for Cmax and AUC0‐τ over the dose range evaluated. The median tmax ranged from 0.5 to 2.25 h and was not dose dependent. The study was prematurely terminated by the sponsor due to renal adverse events (AE) including proteinuria, increase in serum creatinine, and one case of Fanconi syndrome. Other adverse effects included hypersensitivity reactions and gastrointestinal disturbances. Based on current dose administration, the renal AE observed outweighed the possible benefits from chelation therapy. However, additional studies assessing efficacy and safety of lower doses or less frequent dosing of SP‐420 over longer durations with close monitoring would be necessary to better explain the findings of our study and characterize the safety of the study drug.
Occupational noise exposure and risk of hypertension in an industrial workforce
Authors: Tessier‐Sherman Baylah , Galusha Deron , Cantley Linda F. , Cullen Mark R. , Rabinowitz Peter M. , Neitzel Richard L. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundCommunity noise exposure has been shown to increase the risk of hypertension; however, the relationship between occupational noise exposure and hypertension is less clear.MethodsUsing an inception cohort of workers in a specialty metals manufacturing company, we retrospectively assessed occupational noise exposure, hearing acuity, and incident hypertension diagnoses using administrative datasets. Time‐weighted average noise exposure levels were assigned to employees based on their job histories. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to determine the association of noise exposure with risk of incident hypertension.ResultsThe adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of incident hypertension did not significantly differ between groups by cumulative continuous or categorized noise exposure metric.ConclusionWe found no increased risk of incident hypertension with exposure to occupational noise among workers. Further assessment examining workers’ use of hearing protection devices is warranted.
Mesoporous Semimetallic Conductors: Structural and Electronic Properties of Cobalt Phosphide Systems
Authors: Pramanik Malay , Tominaka Satoshi , Wang Zhong‐Li , Takei Toshiaki , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMesoporous cobalt phosphide (meso‐CoP) was prepared by the phosphorization of ordered mesoporous cobalt oxide (meso‐Co3O4). The electrical conductivity of meso‐CoP is 37 times higher than that of nonporous CoP, and it displays semimetallic behavior with a negligibly small activation energy of 26 meV at temperatures below 296 K. Above this temperature, only materials with mesopores underwent a change in conductivity from semimetallic to semiconducting behavior. These properties were attributed to the coexistence of nanocrystalline Co2P phases. The poor crystallinity of mesoporous materials has often been considered to be a problem but this example clearly shows its positive aspects. The concept introduced here should thus lead to new routes for the synthesis of materials with high electronic conductivity.
Cooperative Effects between Chiral Cpx–Iridium(III) Catalysts and Chiral Carboxylic Acids in Enantioselective C−H Amidations of Phosphine Oxides
Authors: Jang Yun‐Suk , Dieckmann Michael , Cramer Nicolai 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn enantioselective C−H amidation of phosphine oxides by using an iridium(III) catalyst bearing an atropchiral cyclopentadienyl (Cpx) ligand is reported. A very strong cooperative effect between the chiral Cpx ligand and a phthaloyl tert‐leucine enabled the transformation. Matched–mismatched cases of the different acid enantiomers are shown. The amidated P‐chiral arylphosphine oxides are formed in yields of up to 95 % and with excellent enantioselectivities of up to 99:1 er. Enantiospecific reduction provides access to valuable P‐chiral phosphorus(III) compounds.
[SnBi3]5− – ein Carbonat‐Analogon aus Metallatomen
Authors: Mayer Kerstin , Dums Jasmin V. , Klein Wilhelm , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDas neue Polyanion [SnBi3]5− wurde aus der Reaktion von K3Bi2 mit K4Sn9 oder K12Sn17 in flüssigem Ammoniak erhalten. Das Anion ist iso(valenz)elektronisch und strukturell analog zum Carbonation. Trotz der hohen negativen Ladung des Anions sind die Sn‐Bi‐Bindungslängen zwischen Einfach‐ und Zweifachbindung angesiedelt. Quantenchemische Rechnungen auf DFT‐PBE0/def2‐TZVPP/COSMO‐Level zeigen einen partiellen Doppelbindungscharakter zwischen den Atomen der schweren Hauptgruppenelemente Bi und Sn, der von einem delokalisierten π‐Elektronensystem herrührt. Die Struktur des Anions wurde durch Einkristallstrukturanalyse der Verbindungen K5[SnBi3]⋅9 NH3 (1) und K9[K(18‐Krone‐6)][SnBi3]2⋅15 NH3 (2) bestimmt. Die [SnBi3]5−‐Einheit ist das erste Beispiel eines Carbonat‐ähnlichen Anions, das aus Lösung erhalten wurde und ausschließlich aus Metallatomen aufgebaut ist. Damit führt es die Reihe der bekannten CO‐ und CO2‐Analoga fort.
Silver Makes Better Electrical Contacts to Thiol‐Terminated Silanes than Gold
Authors: Li Haixing , Su Timothy A. , Camarasa‐Gómez María , Hernangómez‐Pérez Daniel , Henn Simon E. , Pokorný Vladislav , Caniglia Caravaggio D. , Inkpen Michael S. , Korytár Richard , Steigerwald Michael L. , Nuckolls Colin , Evers Ferdinand , Venkataraman Latha 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe report that the single‐molecule junction conductance of thiol‐terminated silanes with Ag electrodes are higher than the conductance of those formed with Au electrodes. These results are in contrast to the trends in the metal work function Φ(Ag)<Φ(Au). As such, a better alignment of the Au Fermi level to the molecular orbital of silane that mediates charge transport would be expected. This conductance trend is reversed when we replace the thiols with amines, highlighting the impact of metal–S covalent and metal–NH2 dative bonds in controlling the molecular conductance. Density functional theory calculations elucidate the crucial role of the chemical linkers in determining the level alignment when molecules are attached to different metal contacts. We also demonstrate that conductance of thiol‐terminated silanes with Pt electrodes is lower than the ones formed with Au and Ag electrodes, again in contrast to the trends in the metal work‐functions.
Foamed polyurethane plastics of reduced flammability
Authors: Zarzyka Iwona 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, modified foamed polyurethane materials were obtained with the use of new polyols. The polyols were synthesized by the reaction of N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)oxamide esterified with boric acid and various excesses of ethylene carbonate. Thus, poly(ethylene glycol)s with incorporated oxamide and borate groups containing different amounts of boron and nitrogen were obtained. On the basis of these new polyols, rigid polyurethane foams were produced. They contained 0.8–1.2 wt % boron and 7.9–8.5 wt % nitrogen. The resulting foams showed reduced flammability, as determined on the basis of the measurements of the oxygen index and horizontal and vertical flammability tests. The foams also exhibited improved thermal stabilities and mechanical strengths and good dimensional stabilities. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45748.
(Azulene‐1,3‐diyl)‐bis(nitronyl nitroxide) and (Azulene‐1,3‐diyl)‐bis(iminonitroxide) and Their Copper Complexes
Authors: Haraguchi Makoto , Tretyakov Evgeny , Gritsan Nina , Romanenko Galina , Gorbunov Dmitry , Bogomyakov Artem , Maryunina Kseniya , Suzuki Shuichi , Kozaki Masatoshi , Shiomi Daisuke , Sato Kazunobu , Takui Takeji , Nishihara Sadafumi , Inoue Katsuya , Okada Keiji 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn contrast to diradicals connected by alternant hydrocarbons, only a few studies on those connected by nonalternant hydrocarbons have been reported. The syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties of azulene‐1,3‐diyl linked bis(nitronyl nitroxide) (NN2Az) and bis(iminonitroxide) (IN2Az) diradicals and their Cu(hfac)2 (hfac=hexafluoroacetylacetonate) complexes were investigated. NN2Az was shown to have an intramolecular ferromagnetic interaction with Jobs/kB=+10.0 K (H=−2JS1⋅S2) between (nitronyl nitroxide) spins, whereas IN2Az was estimated to have a much weaker intramolecular magnetic interaction. The reactions of NN2Az and IN2Az with Cu(hfac)2 gave a 1:2 [{Cu(hfac)2}2(NN2Az)] complex and a 1:1 [Cu(hfac)2(IN2Az)]⋅C6H12 complex, respectively. [{Cu(hfac)2}2(NN2Az)] showed strong intramolecular antiferromagnetic interactions (J1‐Cu‐R/kB≈−800 K, J2‐Cu‐R/kB≈−500 K) between the CuII spins and the coordinating NN spins, whereas [Cu(hfac)2(IN2Az)] exhibited a ferromagnetic exchange interaction (Jobs‐Cu‐R/kB=+114 K) between the CuII spin and the imino‐coordinated iminonitroxide spin.
Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for the Selective and Sensitive Detection of Cyanide
Authors: Sayed Sameh El , Licchelli Maurizio , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Sancenón Félix 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe development of easy and affordable methods for the detection of cyanide is of great significance due to the high toxicity of this anion and the potential risks associated with its pollution. Herein, optical detection of cyanide in water has been achieved by using a hybrid organic–inorganic nanomaterial. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles were loaded with [Ru(bipy)3]2+, functionalized with macrocyclic nickel(II) complex subunits, and capped with a sterically hindering anion (hexametaphosphate). Cyanide selectively induces demetallation of nickel(II) complexes and the removal of capping anions from the silica surface, allowing the release of the dye and the consequent increase in fluorescence intensity. The response of the capped nanoparticles in aqueous solution is highly selective and sensitive towards cyanide with a limit of detection of 2 μm.
Robust Constrained Model Predictive Control for Discrete‐Time Uncertain System in Takagi‐Sugeno's Form
Authors: Xie Haofei , Wang Jun , Tang Xiaoming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate a robust constrained model predictive control synthesis approach for discrete‐time Takagi‐Sugeno's (T‐S) fuzzy system with structured uncertainty. The key idea is to determine, at each sampling time, a state feedback fuzzy predictive controller that minimizes the performance objective function in the infinite time horizon by solving a class of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) optimization problem. To do this, the fuzzy predictive controller is designed on the basis of non‐parallel distributed compensation (non‐PDC) control law, relaxed stability conditions of the closed‐loop fuzzy system are developed by employing an extended nonquadratic Lyapunov function and introducing additional slack and collection matrices. In addition, the presented approach is capable of ensuring the robust asymptotic stability as well as the recursive feasibility of the closed‐loop fuzzy system. Simulations on a highly nonlinear continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) are eventually presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed theoretical approach.
Sudden swelling and redness of the toe
Authors: Tengattini Vera , Magnano Michela , Patrizi Annalisa , Neri Iria 
Published: September 2017

Key Clinical MessageThe presence of history of redness and swelling of toe in an infant without history of trauma is typical of hair threat tourniquet syndrome. The treatment simply involves incision and removal of hair fibers. Physicians should be aware of this syndrome because early diagnosis and treatment avoid serious complications.
Isotope Studies in Oxidation of Propane over Vanadium Oxide
Authors: Kube Pierre , Frank Benjamin , Schlögl Robert , Trunschke Annette 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 18/2017 is provided by the Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Berlin (Germany). The image shows the proposed network of consecutive and parallel reactions in oxidation of propane over vanadium oxide catalysts. Detailed understanding of the complex system is necessary to advance catalyst and process design in terms of high selectivity to desired olefins and oxygenates, prevention of CO2 formation, and sustainable use of resources. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201700847.
Dynamic Change in Color Filter Layers during the Baking Process by Multi‐Speckle Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy
Authors: Park Baek Sung , Hyung Kyung Hee , Oh Gwi Jeong , Jung Hyun Wook 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUndercut defects of color filter (CF) layers, which inevitably occur in UV curing and development processes for liquid crystal displays and white organic light‐emitting diodes, should be elucidated to ensure product quality and processability. The dynamic changes of the green CF layer are investigated during the baking process by examining the motion of pigment particles within the thin CF layer via multi‐speckle diffusing wave spectroscopy (MSDWS). Autocorrelation functions and characteristic times for the α‐relaxation, which are determined using light intensities scattered from the CF layer, directly indicate thermal melting and curing stages in the process. It is confirmed that MSDWS is a reliable non‐contact measurement tool for quantitatively analyzing the initial change of the CF layer during the baking process.
Phase Behavior of Ethylene‐co‐Vinyl Acetate and Alkyl Acrylate Copolymer in High‐Pressure Dimethyl Ether
Authors: Lee Byung-Chul , Jeong Won Bok , Lee Keun Deuk 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe phase‐behavior data are presented for three kinds of commercial polymer‐bonded explosive (PBX) elastomers in dimethyl ether (DME). Ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate (with vinyl acetate contents of 40 % (EVA40) and 60 % by mass (EVA60)) and alkyl acrylate (ACM) copolymers were used as the PBX elastomers. For each elastomer/DME system, the cloud‐ and/or bubble‐point (phase‐boundary) pressures were measured as a function of temperature and elastomer composition using a high‐pressure phase‐equilibrium apparatus equipped with a variable‐volume view cell. For the EVA60/DME system, the cloud‐point pressure increased as the EVA60 composition increased. The ACM elastomer was readily soluble in saturated liquid‐state DME at most temperature and elastomer composition ranges.