bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of MMP‐7 and TIMP‐2 gene polymorphisms in coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction: A Turkish case‐control study
Authors: Alp Ebru , Yilmaz Akin , Tulmac Murat , Ugras Dikmen Asiye , Cengel Atiye , Yalcin Ridvan , Menevse Emine Sevda 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) have a significant role in tissue remodeling related to cardiac function. In earlier studies, MMP‐7 A‐181G (rs11568818), C‐153T (rs11568819), C‐115T (rs17886546), and TIMP‐2 G‐418C (rs8179090) polymorphisms have been studied in various diseases. However, association between coronary artery disease (CAD) and these polymorphisms has been poorly studied. The goal of this study is to investigate the association of CAD and myocardial infarction (MI) with MMP‐7 or TIMP‐2 polymorphisms. This study included 122 CAD patients and 132 control individuals. DNA was extracted from whole blood. Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism and automated direct sequencing method were used for genotyping of these polymorphisms. No significant differences were found between MMP‐7 A‐181G, C‐115T, and TIMP‐2 G‐418C polymorphism and CAD or MI in a Turkish population. Despite the fact that the genotypes of MMP‐7 C‐153T polymorphism had no significant differences among MI and control groups, allele frequencies of C‐153T polymorphism were significantly different between the two groups. Our study is the first report to clarify the appreciable relationship between MMP‐7 C‐153T polymorphism and MI development in CAD patients. However, these findings also need to be confirmed in other populations so we can improve our knowledge about the genetic factors affecting the development of CAD.
Development and in vivo evaluation of self‐microemulsion as delivery system for α‐mangostin
Authors: Xu Wen‐Ke , Jiang Hui , Yang Kui , Wang Ya‐Qin , Zhang Qian , Zuo Jian 
Published: January 2017

Abstractα‐Mangostin (MG) is a versatile bioactive compound isolated from mangosteen and possesses significant pharmacokinetic shortages. To augment the potential clinical efficacy, MG‐loaded self‐microemulsion (MG‐SME) was designed and prepared in this study, and its potential as a drug loading system was evaluated based on the pharmacokinetic performance and tissue distribution feature. The formula of MG‐SME was optimized by an orthogonal test under the guidance of ternary phase diagram, and the prepared MG‐SME was characterized by encapsulation efficiency, size distribution, and morphology. Optimized high performance liquid chromatography method was employed to determine concentrations of MG and characterize the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution features of MG in rodents. It was found that diluted MG‐SME was characterized as spherical particles with a mean diameter of 24.6 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 87.26%. The delivery system enhanced the area under the curve of MG by 4.75 times and increased the distribution in lymphatic organs. These findings suggested that SME as a nano‐sized delivery system efficiently promoted the digestive tract absorption of MG and modified its distribution in tissues. The targeting feature and high oral bioavailability of MG‐SME promised a good clinical efficacy, especially for immune diseases.
Boussinesq global modes and stability sensitivity, with applications to stratified wakes
Authors: Chen Kevin K. , Spedding Geoffrey R. 
Published: January 2017

For the Boussinesq equations, we present a theory of linear stability sensitivity to base flow density and velocity modifications. Given a steady-state flow with small density variations, the sensitivity of the stability eigenvalues is computed from the direct and adjoint global modes of the linearised Boussinesq equations, similarly to Marquetet al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 615, 2008, pp. 221–252). Combinations of the density and velocity components of these modes reveal multiple production and transport mechanisms that contribute to the eigenvalue sensitivity. We present an application of the sensitivity theory to a stably linearly density-stratified flow around a thin plate at a$90^{\circ }$angle of attack, a Reynolds number of 30 and Froude numbers of 1, 8 and$\infty$. The global mode analysis reveals lightly damped undulations pervading through the entire domain, which are predicted by both inviscid uniform base flow theory and Orr–Sommerfeld theory. The sensitivity to base flow velocity modifications is primarily concentrated just downstream of the bluff body. On the other hand, the sensitivity to base flow density modifications is concentrated in regions both immediately upstream and immediately downstream of the plate. Both sensitivities have a greater upstream presence for lower Froude numbers.
Vitamin D and inflammatory markers: cross-sectional analyses using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)
Authors: de Oliveira Cesar , Biddulph Jane P. , Hirani Vasant , Schneider Ione Jayce Ceola 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that low vitamin D concentrations are associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers. However, there are limited studies investigating associations between vitamin D levels and inflammatory markers in the general population and much of this evidence in older adults is inconclusive. Therefore, this study investigates the cross-sectional association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels with inflammatory markers in 5870 older English adults from wave 6 (2012–2013) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). ELSA is a large prospective observational study of community-dwelling people aged 50 years and over in England. Serum 25(OH)D levels, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, plasma fibrinogen levels, white blood cell count (WBC), age, season of blood collection, waist circumference, total non-pension household wealth, measures of health and health behaviours that included depression, number of cardiovascular, non-cardiovascular conditions and difficulties in activities of daily living, smoking, and physical activity were measured. There was a significant negative association between low 25(OH)D levels (≤30 nmol/l) and CRP (OR 1·23, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·51) and WBC (OR 1·35, 95 % CI 1·13, 1·60) that remained after adjustment for a wide range of covariates of clinical significance. However, for fibrinogen, the association did not remain significant when waist circumference was entered in the final model. Our findings showed that 25(OH)D levels were associated with two out the three inflammatory markers investigated. The independent and inverse association between serum 25(OH)D levels and inflammation suggests a potential anti-inflammatory role for vitamin D in older English individuals from the general population.
Lysosome-like compartments ofTrypanosoma cruzitrypomastigotes may originate directly from epimastigote reservosomes
Authors: VIDAL JULIANA C. , ALCANTARA CAROLINA DE L. , DE SOUZA WANDERLEY , CUNHA-E-SILVA NARCISA L. 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYTrypanosoma cruziepimastigote reservosomes store nutrients taken up during the intense endocytic activity exhibited by this developmental form. Reservosomes were classified as pre-lysosomal compartments. In contrast, trypomastigote forms are not able to take up nutrients from the medium. Interestingly, trypomastigotes also have acidic organelles with the same proteases contained in epimastigote reservosomes. Nevertheless, the origin and function of these organelles have not been disclosed so far. Given the similarities between the compartments of epimastigotes and trypomastigotes, the present study aimed to investigate the origin of metacyclic trypomastigote protease-containing organelles by tracking fluorospheres or colloidal gold particles previously stored in epimastigotes’ reservosomes throughout metacyclogenesis. Using three-dimensional reconstruction of serial electron microscopy images, it was possible to find trypomastigote compartments containing the tracer. Our observations demonstrate that the protease-containing compartments from metacyclic trypomastigotes may originate directly from the reservosomes of epimastigotes.
Grammatical gender in New Azari dialects of Šāhrūd
Authors: Vardanian Aharon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUnlike some other New Azari dialects1(Kalāsurī, Harzandī,2etc.), Šāhrūdī3preserves grammatical gender, which is reflected in nouns and sporadically in adjectives, pronouns and the verbal system. In this regard Šāhrūdī is similar to the Tākestānī dialects, in which the opposition of feminine and masculine is also attested in nominal, adjectival, pronominal and verbal systems (Yarshater 1969a: 198–9). In the Šāhrūd dialect group there is no gender marker for masculine, except for the 3rd person singular of the present tense of the auxiliary verb.
Ernst Mach Invents a New Sphygmograph
Authors: Métraux Alexandre 
Published: January 2017

ArgumentThe sphygmograph as designed and tested by Jules-Étienne Marey – an apparatus destined to write pulse tracings on paper – revolutionized medical diagnostics in the early 1860s. Since the accuracy with which this device registered and objectified the pulse was controversial from the outset, the young scholar Ernst Mach (soon to become a leading theoretician and philosopher) decided to thoroughly examine Marey's sphygmograph. The investigation led to the invention of an alternative, truly Machian, sphygmograph. Mach's sphygmograph had originated in the regime of theoretical and applied physics, whereas the instrument invented by Marey had been rooted in the regime of experimental physiology. This one type of instrument thus serves as the focal object of a comparative study of two antagonistic epistemological approaches to sphygmography.
How Place and Audience Matter: Perspectives on Mathematics Plural Identities from Late 1950s French and English Middle School Textbooks
Authors: Radtka Catherine 
Published: January 2017

ArgumentIn this paper, I argue that studying school textbooks is a fruitful way to investigate mathematical conceptions in different national contexts. These sources give access to the written production of an extended mathematical milieu whose members write for various audiences. By studying the case of late 1950s French and English textbooks issued for a growing audience of 11- to 15-year-old pupils, I show that a plurality of conceptions was projected at the time onto pupils and their teachers in both national contexts. I link this diversity to contemporaneous debates regarding mathematics teaching and argue that textbooks themselves have to be considered as active agents of such debates.
Sudden cardiac arrest in patients following surgery for CHD
Authors: Kanter Ronald J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe prevalence of sudden cardiac arrest after surgery for CHD is primarily related to the complexity of the congenital defect and the presence of residual defects, especially ventricular dysfunction. Among all causes of death in patients having CHD, about 19% lead to sudden mortality. The specific risk factors associated with the various congenital defects are poorly understood. The lone exception is tetralogy of Fallot, largely due to its high prevalence and the historically high post-operative survival rate. In tetralogy of Fallot, historical, haemodynamic, and electrical features contribute to risk, and electrophysiologic testing may be helpful, particularly to rule out risk. An implantable cardioverter–defibrillator is highly effective for secondary prevention in most forms of CHD, and future advances will improve its role in primary prevention.
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation for primary and secondary prevention: indications and outcomes
Authors: Pick Justin M. , Batra Anjan S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractImplantable cardioverter-defibrillators effectively reduce the rate of sudden cardiac death in children. Significant efforts have been made to better characterise the indications for their placement, and over the past two decades there has been a shift in their use from secondary to primary prevention. Primary prevention includes placement in patients thought to be at high risk of sudden cardiac death before the patient experiences any event. Secondary prevention includes placement after a high-risk event including sustained ventricular tachycardia or resuscitated cardiac arrest. Although liberal device implantation may be appealing even in patients having marginal indications, studies have shown high rates of adverse effects including inappropriate device discharges and the need for re-intervention because of hardware malfunction. The indications for placement of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, whether for primary or secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death, vary based on cardiac pathology. This review will assist the provider in understanding the risks and benefits of device implantation in order to enhance the shared decision-making capacity of patients, families, and providers.
Potential carbon sequestration and nitrogen cycling in long-term organic management systems
Authors: Bhowmik Arnab , Fortuna Ann-Marie , Cihacek Larry J. , Bary Andy I. , Carr Patrick M. , Cogger Craig G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe fertility and soil health of organic agroecosystems are determined in part by the size and turnover rate of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools. Our research contrasts the effects of best management practices (BMP) (reduction in soil disturbance, addition of organic amendments) on C and N cycling in soils from two field sites representing five organic agroecosystems. Total soil organic C (SOC), a standard measure of soil health, contains equal amounts of biologically and non-biologically active C that is not associated with release of mineral N. A three-pool first-order model can be used to estimate the size and turnover rates of C pools but requires data from a long-term incubation. Our research highlights the use of two rapid C fractions, hydrolysable and permanganate (0.02 M) oxidizable C, to assess shifts in biologically active C. Adoption of BMP in organic management systems reduced the partitioning of C to the active pool while augmenting the slow pool C. These pools are associated with potentially mineralizable N supplied by residues, amendments and soil organic matter affecting the concentration and release of mineral N to crops. Our data show that minimizing disturbance (no tillage, pasture) and mixed compost additions have the potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions while enhancing slow pool C and or its turnover, a reservoir of nutrients available to the soil biota. Use of these rapid, sensitive indicators of biological C activity will aid growers in determining whether a BMP fosters nutrient loss or retention prior to shifts in total SOC.
LOGIC IN THE TRACTATUS
Authors: WEISS MAX 
Published: January 2017

AbstractI present a reconstruction of the logical system of the Tractatus, which differs from classical logic in two ways. It includes an account of Wittgenstein’s “form-series” device, which suffices to express some effectively generated countably infinite disjunctions. And its attendant notion of structure is relativized to the fixed underlying universe of what is named.There follow three results. First, the class of concepts definable in the system is closed under finitary induction. Second, if the universe of objects is countably infinite, then the property of being a tautology is $\Pi _1^1$-complete. But third, it is only granted the assumption of countability that the class of tautologies is ${\Sigma _1}$-definable in set theory.Wittgenstein famously urges that logical relationships must show themselves in the structure of signs. He also urges that the size of the universe cannot be prejudged. The results of this paper indicate that there is no single way in which logical relationships could be held to make themselves manifest in signs, which does not prejudge the number of objects.
Ashanti Johnson Receives 2016 Excellence in Geophysical Education Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: January 2017

Ashanti Johnson received the 2016 Excellence in Geophysical Education Award at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 14 December 2016 in San Francisco, Calif. The award honors "a sustained commitment to excellence in geophysical education by a team, individual, or group."
Deletion of the BH3-only protein Noxa alters electrographic seizures but does not protect against hippocampal damage after status epilepticus in mice
Authors: Ichikawa Naoki , Alves Mariana , Pfeiffer Shona , Langa Elena , Hernández-Santana Yasmina E , Suzuki Hidenori , Prehn Jochen HM , Engel Tobias , Henshall David C 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSeveral members of the Bcl-2 gene family are dysregulated in human temporal lobe epilepsy and animal studies show that genetic deletion of some of these proteins influence electrographic seizure responses to chemoconvulsants and associated brain damage. The BH3-only proteins form a subgroup comprising direct activators of Bax–Bak that are potently proapoptotic and a number of weaker proapoptotic BH3-only proteins that act as sensitizers by neutralization of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members. Noxa was originally characterized as a weaker proapoptotic, ‘sensitizer’ BH3-only protein, although recent evidence suggests it too may be potently proapoptotic. Expression of Noxa is under p53 control, a known seizure-activated pathway, although Noxa has been linked to energetic stress and autophagy. Here we characterized the response of Noxa to prolonged seizures and the phenotype of mice lacking Noxa. Status epilepticus induced by intra-amygdala kainic acid caused a rapid increase in expression ofnoxain the damaged CA3 subfield of the hippocampus but not undamaged CA1 region.In vivoupregulation ofnoxawas reduced by pifithrin-α, suggesting transcription may be partly p53-dependent. Mice lackingnoxadeveloped less severe electrographic seizures during status epilepticus in the model but, surprisingly, displayed equivalent hippocampal damage to wild-type animals. The present findings indicate Noxa does not serve as a proapoptotic BH3-only protein during seizure-induced neuronal deathin vivo. This study extends the comprehensive phenotyping of seizure and damage responses in mice lacking specific Bcl-2 gene family members and provides further evidence that these proteins may serve roles beyond control of cell death in the brain.
Lack of collagen XV is protective after ischemic stroke in mice
Authors: Dhungana Hiramani , Huuskonen Mikko T , Pihlajaniemi Taina , Heljasvaara Ritva , Vivien Denis , Kanninen Katja M , Malm Tarja , Koistinaho Jari , Lemarchant Sighild 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCollagens are key structural components of basement membranes, providing a scaffold for other components or adhering cells. Collagens and collagen-derived active fragments contribute to biological activities such as cell growth, differentiation and migration. Here, we report that collagen XV knock-out (ColXV KO) mice are resistant to experimental ischemic stroke. Interestingly, the infarcts of ColXV KO mice were as small as those of wild-type (WT) mice thrombolysed with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), the actual treatment for ischemic stroke. Importantly, there were no differences in the architecture of cerebrovascular anatomy between WT and ColXV KO mice. We found a twofold increase of the most potent pro-angiogenic factor, type A vascular growth endothelial factor (VEGF-A) in the ipsilateral cortex of rtPA-treated ischemic WT mice compared with untreated ischemic and sham-operated counterparts. A similar increase of VEGF-A was also found in both rtPA and untreated ischemic ColXV KO mice compared with sham ColXV KO mice. Finally, we evidenced that the levels of ColXV were increased in the plasma of WT mice treated with rtPA compared with untreated ischemic counterparts. Altogether, this study indicates that the lack ColXV is protective after stroke and that the degradation of endothelial ColXV may contribute to the beneficial effect of rtPA after ischemic stroke. The neuroprotection observed in ColXV KO mice may be attributed to the increased VEGF-A production following stroke in the ischemic territory.
Tsc1 expression by dendritic cells is required to preserve T-cell homeostasis and response
Authors: Luo Yuechen , Li Wenwen , Yu Gang , Yu Juan , Han Ling , Xue Ting , Sun Zhina , Chen Song , Fang Chunming , Zhao Chunxiao , Niu Qing , Yang Fei , Han Zhongchao , Cheng Tao , Zeng Yun , Liao Fang , Xu Guogang , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal to the induction of adaptive T-cell immune responses. Recent evidence highlights a critical role of tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (Tsc1), a primarily upstream negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), in DC development, but whether and how Tsc1 directly regulate mature DC function in vivo remains elusive. Here we show that selective disruption of Tsc1 in DCs results in a lymphoproliferative disorder with the spontaneous activation of T cells. Tsc1 deficiency results in the activation of mTORC1-PPARγ pathway, which leads to the upregulation of neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) expression on DCs to stimulate naive T-cell proliferation. However, Tsc1-deficient DCs have defects in the ability to induce antigen-specific T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo owing to impaired survival during antigen transportation and presentation. Indeed, Tsc1 promotes DC survival through restraining independent mTORC1 and ROS-Bim pathways. Our study identifies Tsc1 as a crucial signaling checkpoint in DCs essential for preserving T-cell homeostasis and response.
From the bench to exploration medicine: NASA life sciences translational research for human exploration and habitation missions
Authors: Alwood Joshua S. , Ronca April E. , Mains Richard C. , Shelhamer Mark J. , Smith Jeffrey D. , Goodwin Thomas J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNASA’s Space Biology and Human Research Program entities have recently spearheaded communications both internally and externally to coordinate the agency’s translational research efforts. In this paper, we strongly advocate for translational research at NASA, provide recent examples of NASA sponsored early-stage translational research, and discuss options for a path forward. Our overall objective is to help in stimulating a collaborative research across multiple disciplines and entities that, working together, will more effectively and more rapidly achieve NASA’s goals for human spaceflight.