bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic Socioeconomic Influences on Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis in an Academic and Safety Net Hospital System
Authors: Kim Joseph , Zhang Song , Gao Ang , Xie Donglu , Kazi Salahuddin , Karp David R. , Bartels Christie M. , Solow E. Blair 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze the impact of the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) on disease activity and cardiovascular comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsA retrospective analysis of adult patients with RA was conducted to highlight differences in academic and safety net hospital clinics. Demographics, RA medication history, patient portal engagement, primary care presence, emergency or inpatient visits, RA disease activity and functional scores, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) presence were captured. The ADI rank was assigned using nine‐digit zip codes. Patients were stratified by the upper versus lower ADI decile group and matched by age, sex, race, ethnicity, insurance, and CCI using propensity score analysis.ResultsPatients with RA from the academic practice (n = 542) and the safety net hospital (n = 496) were assessed. In the academic cohort, those with high ADI scores (>8, more deprivation) had higher RA disease activity scores (Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 mean ± SD: high 13.83 ± 6.94 vs low 11.17 ± 7.37, P < 0.0001; Clinical Disease Activity Index mean ± SD: high 11.97 ± 11.74 vs low 9.40 ± 7.97, P < 0.05), more functional impairment (Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire mean ± SD: high 2.99 ± 2.29 vs low 2.34 ± 2.23, P < 0.01), lower MyChart use (P < 0.001), and different smoking history (P < 0.01) compared to those with low ADI scores (<3, less deprivation). In the safety net cohort, there was a statistically significant difference only in smoking status (P < 0.05). CVD was not significantly different in either cohort.ConclusionThe absence of differences in RA disease activity and functional impairment in patients suggests that the ADI may not be as effective at predicting RA disease activity specifically in a safety net health care context. Identifying the discrepancies between the two systems may elucidate areas of improvement for patient care.
Antioxidant Sulfide‐Linked Polymer Membrane with Inherent Microporosity Enables Fuel Cells to Achieve Outstanding Power Density and Durability Over a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Liu Binghui , Liu Qian , Pang Yang , Duan Yuting , Zhao Chengji 
Published: October 2024

AbstractConventional phosphoric acid (PA) doped polybenzimidazole are regarded as the most promising materials for high‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs). Yet, their practical application has been hindered by their high production cost, poor oxidation stability, and loss of PA at low temperatures. Here, a polymer of intrinsic microporosity containing “sulfide‐linkage” radical‐sacrificial‐agent is designed with good solubility and high PA retention, which enables it to operate for long periods at 80–180 °C. Specifically, the “sulfide‐linkage” radical‐sacrificial‐agent enabled PSBI‐IM to be durable for 100 h with mass retention still higher than 90%, and the capillary effect of the micropores enabled PSBI‐IM/PA to retain more than 60% of PA under high humidity. After rational optimization, the cell assembled with PSBI‐IM/PA achieved a power density of 1.62 W cm−2 with a specific power of 2.7 W mg−1 and an operating time of more than 500 h (0.2/0.4 A cm−2@160 °C). In addition, the voltage drop is only 5% even after 40 h of accelerated stress testing at 0.4 A cm−2@ 80 °C. Therefore, the PSBI‐IM/PA can be stabilized over a wide temperature range from 80 to 160 °C, providing a new material for the HT‐PEMFCs with flexible operational temperature.
Coherent Interface Migration Toughens Diamond
Authors: Su Zhang , Weng Xiao‐Ji , Shao Xi , Tong Ke , Liu Yong , Zhao Zhisheng , Zhou Xiang‐Feng , Tian Yongjun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOvercoming the hardness‐toughness trade‐off in diamonds attracts much interest in physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineering. Recently synthesized nanotwinned diamond composite exhibits massive enhancement in fracture toughness without sacrificing its unprecedented Vickers hardness [Y. Yue et al., Nature 582, 370 (2020)]. Several mechanisms for the toughness enhancement are unveiled based on the edge‐cracked models while the mechanism from Vickers indentation has remained elusive. Here, the energy of nanotwinned diamonds, diamond polytypes, and diamond composites is systematically investigated from Vickers indentation simulation. The results show diamond structures dissipate energy by interface migration, accompanied by the phase transformation from diamond polytypes to the cubic diamond (3C diamond). By tuning the density and distribution of interfaces, the dissipated energy of the diamond is increased to more than twice that of a single‐crystal 3C diamond. This work complements the established mechanisms and provides a universal strategy for toughening diamonds and related materials.
Two‐Photon Pumped Wavelength‐Tunable Single‐Mode Plasmonic Nanolaser with Ultralow Threshold
Authors: Yuan Long , Lu Junfeng , Li Meili , Zhang Zhonglong , Deng Wenjie , Li Xiang , Kan Caixia , Shi Daning , Gao Wenchao , Xu Chunxiang , Pan Caofeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNonlinear optics play an important role in laser technology, optical communication, integrated optics, and other fields. However, conventional two‐photon lasing faces challenges such as high thresholds and large size, which hinder the miniaturization of lasers. In this study, the structure of single‐crystal Au/Al2O3/CsPbBr3 (ScAu/Al2O3/CPB) is constructed to achieve two‐photon pumped frequency upconversion single‐mode plasmonic lasing. The strong spatial confinement and near‐field enhancement of surface plasmons in metals enable the plasmonic lasing mode output in a hybrid nanocavity, significantly reducing the lasing threshold. Additionally, by applying external mechanical strain, the resonant wavelength of the lasing mode is dynamically regulated, further reducing the threshold to 0.48 mJ cm−2 based on piezo‐electronic effect. These results provide an effective strategy for all‐optical integration and the development of smaller, faster, and more efficient nanophotonics devices.
Architecting Gradient Hierarchically Porous Catalyst via Negative Mixing Enthalpy High‐Entropy Alloy for Durable Water Splitting at Ampere‐Level Current Density
Authors: Zhang Qiqin , Guo Qi , Zhang Yanan , He Yi , Gong Weijia , Liu Weihong , Liu Xiongjun , Li Rui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGradient hierarchically porous structures are effective for enhancing catalytic reactions due to their capability of enabling fast mass transfer from solutions to inner active sites. However, facile and rational designing of the construction with uniform spatial gradients and high stability remains challenging. Here, a self‐supporting high‐entropy alloy (HEA) catalyst with a unique triple‐scale gradient porosity based on physical metallurgy is reported. The hierarchically porous structure of the catalyst can be effectively manipulated by tailoring the multi‐length scale phases of a negative mixing enthalpy FeCoNiCr‐Zr eutectic HEA. As an oxygen‐evolving catalyst, the hierarchically porous HEA demonstrates low overpotentials of 215 and 370 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 1A cm−2, respectively. This is primarily attributed to the gradient mesoporosity providing abundant accessible reactive sites and exceptional intrinsic reactivity resulting from the synergistic electronic effects of multi‐component alloying. Furthermore, benefiting from the integrative gradient porosity that can suppress drastic gas bubble impact and the chemically stable configuration of inherent high‐entropy intermetallic compounds, the catalyst exhibits extraordinary durability for over 1000 h at 2 A cm−2. This work provides a new paradigm for developing high‐efficiency and low‐cost catalysts with robust gradient hierarchically porous structures for practical applications in various energy conversion technologies.
A Caspase 3‐Hijacking Nanosystem Enhances Cancer Radiotherapy by Suppressing Tumor Repopulation
Authors: Zhao Xiu , Jiang Wenxiao , Wang Aijin , Zhao Kaikai , Li Jun , Xie Yingxin , Zhang Zhenzhong , Shi Jinjin , Liu Wei , Liu Junjie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRadiotherapy is used in the treatment of ≈50% of patients with cancer. However, tumor repopulation is a major cause of treatment failure after radiotherapy. It is observed that apoptotic tumor following ionizing radiation (IR) accelerated the growth of surviving tumor cells. Here a Gasdermin E and Tannic acid‐based nanoassembly (GT) loaded with manganese tetroxide (Mn3O4) (termed as Mn3O4@GT) is developed to suppress tumor repopulation and improve the treatment outcome of radiotherapy. Mn3O4@GT enables an increase in the reactive oxygen species accumulation in tumor cells, enhancing radiotherapy‐mediated tumor killing. What's more, it can hijack activated caspase 3 to induce tumor pyroptosis, reversing apoptosis‐mediated tumor repopulation. In vivo results shows that Mn3O4@GT significantly reduced the IR induced tumor repopulation by 2.7 fold, resulting in 92% complete regression of tumors. In addition, Mn3O4@GT can sensitize tumors to anti‐PD‐L1 therapy by inducing immunogenic pyroptosis with 85% regression of distant tumors. The caspase 3‐hijacking nanosystem holds a great potential for improving the clinical benefits of radiotherapy.
Load‐Bearing Structure Inspired Cellulose‐Based Aerogel With High Resilience and Water Tolerance
Authors: Song Wanlong , Pan Xiaosen , Wang Xiaojuan , Wang Hu , Li Jilei , Li Dongna , Ma Xiaojun , Yin Fen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCellulose‐based aerogels possess satisfactory sustainability, porosity, and resilience, which are promising materials to replace traditional petroleum‐based foams. However, the viscous aggregation formed between hydrophilic fibers and the pore collapse caused by weak support force pose challenges for their further applications. Here, a load‐bearing structure‐inspired cellulose‐based aerogel is innovatively developed with excellent elasticity and water tolerance through surface‐interface modulation. Specifically, cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) form interwoven skeletons by non‐directional freeze drying. Crucially, the rhamnolipid surfactant assists in forming stable and uniform bubbles, and drives the regularization of frame structure during the freezing process, promoting the construction of refined mechanical structures. Besides, the interfacial enhancement by esterification reaction of citric acid and the encapsulation by hydrophobic silane via chemical vapor deposition endow aerogels with better resilience and water tolerance. The as‐prepared aerogels can withstand intensive compression cycle tests and possess the ability to rebound over 10 times underwater. Even after 12 h wet treatment, the strain and stress loss respectively decrease by ≈55.5% and ≈14% compare with the initial unregulated aerogels after 500 cycles of 80% compression. Surprisingly, they have excellent cushioning performance beyond expanded polystyrene (EPS) and expanded polyethylene (EPE) in simulated road transportation packaging applications, indicating their potential in new‐generation cushioning materials.
Durable Muscle Extracellular Matrix Engineered with Adhesive Phenolic Moieties for Effective Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Muscle Atrophy
Authors: Choi Soojeong , Lee Mi Jeong , Kim Moohyun , Bae Yunsu , Park Jang‐Ung , Cho Seung‐Woo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMuscle atrophy detrimentally impacts health and exacerbates physical disability, leading to increased mortality. In particular, sarcopenia, aging‐related degenerative muscle loss, necessitates urgent remedies. Current approaches for treating muscle atrophy include exercise and nutrition, while drug exploration remains in its early stages. Cell therapy, focusing on satellite cells, faces significant challenge due to poor engraftment, safety issue, and high cost. Cell‐free approach using extracellular matrix (ECM) shows a regenerative potential, but a lack of mechanical and adhesive properties hinders prolonged efficacy of ECM therapy. Here, durable muscle ECM (MEM) hydrogels for muscle atrophy by fortifying MEM with adhesive phenolic moieties including catechol and pyrogallol are demonstrated. The resultant phenolic MEM hydrogels exhibit enhanced mechanical and adhesive properties and provide sustained muscle‐like microenvironments to address muscle atrophy. No local and systemic toxicities are observed after phenolic MEM injection into tibialis anterior muscle. Notably, these engineered MEM hydrogels, devoid of cells or drugs, induce tissue rejuvenation by promoting muscle protein synthesis and facilitating functional muscle recovery in mouse models of disuse‐ and age‐induced atrophy. This study introduces cell‐free, ECM‐based therapeutics with translational potential for muscle atrophy by reversing muscle loss and restoring function.
Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks Doped with an Axially Chiral Fluorescent Dye: Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Anti‐Counterfeiting Applications
Authors: Yang Ning , Zhao Jinghua , Liu Wei , Li Yi , Yang Yonggang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of chiral luminescent materials has gained increasing attention because of their significant applications in 3D displays, chiral optoelectronics, anti‐counterfeiting, and encryption. A strongly emissive chiral dye BAcT is synthesized using (R)‐BINOL as the chiral source and a tetraphenylethene group as the fluorophore. Upon the addition of BAcT to the nematic liquid crystal, a left‐handed cholesteric structure is induced. Different concentrations of R/S5011 as chiral co‐dopants are added to prepare a series of structurally colored cholesteric liquid crystal polymer network (CLCN) films. CPL bands are detected for these green emissive CLCN films, and relatively high |glum| values (up to 0.48) are obtained. Furthermore, a fluorescent PMMA‐BAcT layer is prepared by embedding the dye in the PMMA matrix and stacked with a CLCN layer to construct a composite film. Because of the chiral filtering effect of the CLCN film, a high |glum| value up to 1.41 is successfully achieved. Colorful CLCN patterns are prepared, and clear pictures are observed in both reflective and fluorescent modes, contributing to optical anti‐counterfeiting with enhanced security. This work not only provides a deeper understanding of CPL, but also establishes a practical strategy to prepare colorful CLCN patterns for anti‐counterfeiting using inkjet printing technology.
Boron‐Dipyrromethene Emitters with Strengthened Rigidity and Restricted Scissoring Vibration for High‐Performance OLEDs With Deep‐Red Narrowband Emission
Authors: Nie Xuewei , Liu Denghui , Li Mengke , Huo Yanping , Chi Zhenguo , Mahmood Zafar , Ji Shaomin , Su Shi‐Jian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) using a simple solution‐processing approach have natural advantages in cost‐effective commercialization. However, solution‐processed deep‐red OLEDs are rarely reported due to the scarcity of efficient purely organic narrowband red emitters with commendable film‐forming capabilities. Herein, a simple strategy is proposed to develop organic molecules with narrowband red emission by expanding a rigid conjugated frame to block the rotation of α position in the boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) core due to restricted twisting vibration. Furtherly, by introducing a moderate donor to the meso‐position of the BODIPY core, bathochromic‐shifted emission can be achieved without sacrificing narrow full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) by increasing the electron density of the whole molecule and repulsive force of distal units to suppress stretching/scissoring vibration. By employing the developed BODIPY‐derived materials as terminal emitters and thermally activated delayed fluorescence material as assistant host to fabricate solution‐processed OLED devices, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 16.43% is achieved with an emission peak at 672 nm and a FWHM of 28 nm. This work, according to the knowledge, represents the best instance of solution‐processed deep‐red narrowband OLEDs based on typical fluorescent emitters.
Design of Broadband Metamaterial Absorbers in the Near‐Infrared Region
Authors: Li Xiu , Wu Shen‐bing , Wang Yang , Hu Yan‐li 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA metamaterial absorber with broadband and high absorption based on a metal–dielectric disc–ring structure is proposed. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is used to analyze the absorption performance of the absorber. The results show that the absorption of the proposed absorber is more than 90% in the band range from 1500 to 4000 nm with an absorption bandwidth of 2500 nm. The absorber has polarization‐insensitive properties due to the high symmetry of the structure. In addition, the absorber has large angle absorption characteristics with average absorptions of 92% and 82% at an incidence angle of 60° in TM and TE modes. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) at the metal interface, and cavity resonance between the circular slits work in synergy to enhance the absorption and broaden the absorption bandwidth. The proposed absorber has a simple structure, easily accessible material, and excellent performance with potential applications in infrared detection, imaging, and other fields.
2D Steep‐Slope Tunnel Field‐Effect Transistors Tuned by van der Waals Ferroelectrics
Authors: Chen Xinrui , Jiang Tiantian , Wang Hanbin , Wang Yang , Zhang Miao , Cui Yi , Wang Yong , Li Nannan , Du Xinchuan , Yan Chaoyi , Liu Yuqing , Wang Xianfu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractsPower consumption has emerged as a central concern in the realm of complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Silicon‐based semiconductor devices have now approached the fundamental thermionic limit of the subthreshold swing (SS), which is 60 mV dec−1, as defined by the Boltzmann tyranny. Tunnel field‐effect transistors (TFETs) are considered promising low‐power devices due to the band‐to‐band tunneling mechanism, which effectively avoids the thermionic limit. However, TFETs require the establishment of a staggered band alignment and currently lack effective techniques for adjusting the band offset. Here, by harnessing the robust ferroelectric field inherent to 2D CuInP2S6 (CIPS), a 2D WSe2/MoS2 heterojunction as well as a WSe2 homojunction TFET controlled by ferroelectric gate are presented. The newly developed TFET achieves an ultra‐low SS of 14.2 mV dec−1 at room temperature, an on/off current ratio exceeding 108, and a minimal hysteresis window below 10 mV. Additionally, the device demonstrates gate tunable negative differential resistance (NDR) characteristics with a very large peak‐to‐valley current ratio (PVCR) of 10.56 at room temperature. These findings underscore the significant promise of 2D ferroelectric tuning heterojunction and homojunction for future low‐power electronic applications.
Deriving general principles of agroecosystem multifunctionality with the Diverse Rotations Improve Valuable Ecosystem Services (DRIVES) network
Authors: Bybee‐Finley K. Ann , Muller Katherine , White Kathryn E. , Bowles Timothy M. , Cavigelli Michel A. , Han Eunjin , Schomberg Harry H. , Snapp Sieglinde , Viens Frederi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLong‐term agricultural field experiments (LTFEs) have been conducted for nearly 150 years. Yet lack of coordination means that synthesis across such experiments remains rare, constituting a missed opportunity for deriving general principles of agroecosystem structure and function. Here, we introduce the Diverse Rotations Improve Valuable Ecosystem Services (DRIVES) project, which uses legacy data from North American LTFEs to address research questions about the multifunctionality of agriculture. The DRIVES Project is a network of researchers who have compiled a database of primary (i.e., observations) and secondary (i.e., transformed observations or modeling results) data from participating sites. It comprises 21 LTFEs that evaluate how crop rotational diversity impacts cropping system performance. The Network consists of United States Department of Agriculture, university, and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center scientists (20 people) who manage and collect primary data from LTFEs and a core team (nine people) who organize the network, curate network data, and synthesize cross‐network findings. As of 2024, the DRIVES Project database contains 495 site‐years of crop yields, daily weather, soil analysis, and management information. The DRIVES database is findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable, which allows integration with other public datasets. Initial research has focused on how rotational diversity impacts resilience in the face of adverse weather, nutritional quality, and economic feasibility. Our collaborative approach in handling LTFE data has established a model for data organization that facilitates broader synthesis studies. We openly invite other sites to join the DRIVES network and share their data.
Impact of biochar application on nitrous oxide and methane emissions in rainfed cropping systems within a semiarid region
Authors: Zhou Jie , Yue Shanchao , Liu Qiang , Zeng Xiang , Song Jingrong , Bao Shushang , Guo Bosen , Shen Yufang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of biochar on Zea mays L. yield and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in rainfed maize fields in Northwest China. Four treatments were compared: unmodified control (CK), conventional nitrogen (BC0), nitrogen + 20 t ha−1 biochar (BC20), and nitrogen + 50 t ha−1 biochar (BC50). Results showed significant increases in grain yields with BC20 (11.1%) and BC50 (8.6%) compared to BC0. Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) were reduced by 14.0%–19.5% in biochar treatments compared to CK. Methane (CH4) uptake by the fields, acting as CH4 sinks, was not significantly impacted by biochar treatments, clarifying that the biochar did not alter the farmland's inherent ability to uptake CH4. Over 2 years, the addition of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar did not markedly alter cumulative CH4 uptake. Both net greenhouse gas (NGHG) emissions and yield‐scaled GHG intensity (NGHGI) were lowered by 16.7%–23.5% and 24.2%–30.3%, respectively, with biochar application. The integration of biochar effectively mitigated the GHG emission enhancement due to nitrogen fertilizer, mainly by decreasing nitrogen oxide emissions and boosting maize yields. Thus, proper biochar application would be an economical and effective strategy for mitigating gas emissions from rainfed maize cropping system in semiarid regions.