bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimisation of significant parameters through response surface methodology in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by chemical reduction method
Authors: Ahani Mina , Khatibzadeh Marziyeh 
Published: May 2017

Response surface methodology coupled with the central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimise the significant parameters in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by chemical reduction method to obtain smaller average particle size. Different parameters such as the ethylene glycol (EG) concentration as reducing agent, the polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) content as stabiliser and the pH were selected as they have the dominant effects on the particle size of AgNPs. Each of these parameters was studied at three levels. The average particle size of AgNPs was considered as the response value and determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. The statistical analysis showed that the pH emerged as the most significant parameter influencing the average particle size and after that, the PVP content was also a significant parameter. The AgNPs synthesised under optimal conditions (6.88 M of EG, 0.5% of PVP and pH = 11) were characterised by UV–vis spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), DLS, zeta potential, field emission scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. The XRD pattern showed the face‐centred cubic silver and the average crystallite size of AgNPs was 30 nm. The average particle size of AgNPs was 37.35 nm according to DLS analysis, which was in good agreement with the predicted value (37.65 nm) by CCD.
Kinematics of the local disk from the RAVE survey and the Gaia first data release
Authors: Robin Annie C. , Bienaymé Olivier , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Reylé Céline 
Published: May 2017

Aims. We attempt to constrain the kinematics of the thin and thick disks using the Besançon population synthesis model together with RAVE DR4 and Gaia first data release (TGAS).
Methods. The RAVE fields were simulated by applying a detailed target selection function and the kinematics was computed using velocity ellipsoids depending on age in order to study the secular evolution. We accounted for the asymmetric drift computed from fitting a Stäckel potential to orbits. Model parameters such as velocity dispersions, mean motions, and velocity gradients were adjusted using an ABC-MCMC method. We made use of the metallicity to enhance the separation between thin and thick disks.
Results. We show that this model is able to reproduce the kinematics of the local disks in great detail. The disk follows the expected secular evolution, in very good agreement with previous studies of the thin disk. The new asymmetric drift formula, fitted to our previously described Stäckel potential, fairly well reproduces the velocity distribution in a wide solar neighborhood. The U and W components of the solar motion determined with this method agree well with previous studies. However, we find a smaller V component than previously thought, essentially because we include the variation of the asymmetric drift with distance to the plane. The thick disk is represented by a long period of formation (at least 2 Gyr), during which, as we show, the mean velocity increases with time while the scale height and scale length decrease, very consistently with a collapse phase with conservation of angular momentum.
Conclusions. This new Galactic dynamical model is able to reproduce the observed velocities in a wide solar neighborhood at the quality level of the TGAS-RAVE sample, allowing us to constrain the thin and thick disk dynamical evolution, as well as determining the solar motion.
Ring Opening of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes with N-Nucleo­philes
Authors: Budynina Ekaterina , Ivanov Konstantin , Sorokin Ivan , Melnikov Mikhail 
Published: May 2017

Ring opening of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes with various N-nucleophiles provides a simple approach to 1,3-functionalized compounds that are useful building blocks in organic synthesis, especially in assembling various N-heterocycles, including natural products. In this review, ring-opening reactions of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes with amines, amides, hydrazines, N-heterocycles, nitriles, and the azide ion are summarized.1	Introduction2	Ring Opening with Amines3	Ring Opening with Amines Accompanied by Secondary Processes Involving the N-Center3.1	Reactions of Cyclopropane-1,1-diesters with Primary and Secondary Amines3.1.1	Synthesis of γ-Lactams3.1.2	Synthesis of Pyrroloisoxazolidines and -pyrazolidines3.1.3	Synthesis of Piperidines3.1.4	Synthesis of Azetidine and Quinoline Derivatives3.2	Reactions of Ketocyclopropanes with Primary Amines: Synthesis of Pyrrole Derivatives3.3	Reactions of Сyclopropane-1,1-dicarbonitriles with Primary Amines: Synthesis of Pyrrole Derivatives4	Ring Opening with Tertiary Aliphatic Amines5	Ring Opening with Amides6	Ring Opening with Hydrazines7	Ring Opening with N-Heteroaromatic Compounds7.1	Ring Opening with Pyridines7.2	Ring Opening with Indoles7.3	Ring Opening with Di- and Triazoles7.4	Ring Opening with Pyrimidines8	Ring Opening with Nitriles (Ritter Reaction)9	Ring Opening with the Azide Ion10	Summary
Assistance to Normal Delivery in Two Public Maternities: Perception of the Health Professionals
Authors: Oliveira Nayara Rodrigues Gomes de , Assis Thaís Rocha , Amaral Waldemar Naves do , Falone Valdivina Eterna , Salviano Lívia Maria Oliveira 
Published: May 2017

Purpose To evaluate the perception of health professionals involved in the labor process and the assistance to normal delivery, comparing two hospitals in the city of Goiânia, Brazil, regarding the perception of these professionals when they are performing the routines and practices recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Methods This is an analytical comparative study with a quantitative approach, performed in two public hospitals in the city of Goiânia, in the state of Goiás, Brazil. The study included 86 professionals working in assistance to immediate labor in two hospitals. A questionnaire containing 40 questions was applied. The questionnaire related to the Program for the Humanization of Prenatal and Childbirth Care (PHPN, in the Portuguese acronym) of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, the presence of a companion, and the procedures performed. For the data analysis, we used the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.
Results Most of the professionals claimed to know about the PHPN proposed by Brazilian Ministry of Health in the two hospitals. With regard to good practices, most professionals said that they are performed in maternity ward 2, while on maternity 1, although many of them are present, there are still many unnecessary interventions.
Conclusion When comparing the two maternity hospitals, maternity 2, which was created as a routine humanization model, manages to better adhere to the WHO recommendations. In maternity 1, there was a series of interventions considered by the WHO as ineffective, or used in an inappropriate manner.
Driving Problems in the Elderly and Cognitively Impaired
Authors: Haussmann Robert , Buthut Maria , Donix Markus 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDriving ability in the elderly and cognitively impaired is of growing demographic relevance. Driving represents a complex task for which multiple central resources are needed. In mild cognitive impairment and dementia, we need to closely monitor driving ability, as it gets irrecoverably lost in the course of the disease. In normal aging, people are often able to self-regulate driving behavior with respect to their medical conditions. Some studies demonstrated that older drivers perform well compared with younger drivers. Others suggest a decline of driving ability in the process of normal aging and an increasing involvement of older drivers in car crashes. However, these findings have been questioned because of several possible biases. Therefore, unnecessary driving restrictions need to be avoided. The reliable evaluation of driving ability requires a specialist assessment with detailed neurocognitive evaluation, investigation of medical history and medical history by proxy, as well as on-the-the-road tests. Highlighting current knowledge in this field, we would like to increase our readers’ awareness for the complexity of driving-associated challenges in an aging population.
PhyD3: a phylogenetic tree viewer with extended phyloXML support for functional genomics data visualization
Authors: Kreft Łukasz , Botzki Alexander , Coppens Frederik , Vandepoele Klaas , Van Bel Michiel 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Comparative and evolutionary studies utilize phylogenetic trees to analyze and visualize biological data. Recently, several web-based tools for the display, manipulation and annotation of phylogenetic trees, such as iTOL and Evolview, have released updates to be compatible with the latest web technologies. While those web tools operate an open server access model with a multitude of registered users, a feature-rich open source solution using current web technologies is not available.

Results
Here, we present an extension of the widely used PhyloXML standard with several new options to accommodate functional genomics or annotation datasets for advanced visualization. Furthermore, PhyD3 has been developed as a lightweight tool using the JavaScript library D3.js to achieve a state-of-the-art phylogenetic tree visualization in the web browser, with support for advanced annotations. The current implementation is open source, easily adaptable and easy to implement in third parties’ web sites.

Availability and implementation
More information about PhyD3 itself, installation procedures and implementation links are available at http://phyd3.bits.vib.be and at http://github.com/vibbits/phyd3/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Simple, scalable and accurate posterior interval estimation
Authors: Li Cheng , Srivastava Sanvesh , Dunson David B. 
Published: May 2017

Summary
Standard posterior sampling algorithms, such as Markov chain Monte Carlo procedures, face major challenges in scaling up to massive datasets. We propose a simple and general posterior interval estimation algorithm to rapidly and accurately estimate quantiles of the posterior distributions for one-dimensional functionals. Our algorithm runs Markov chain Monte Carlo in parallel for subsets of the data, and then averages quantiles estimated from each subset. We provide strong theoretical guarantees and show that the credible intervals from our algorithm asymptotically approximate those from the full posterior in the leading parametric order. Our algorithm has a better balance of accuracy and efficiency than its competitors across a variety of simulations and a real-data example.
Emerging Safety of Intramedullary Transplantation of Human Neural Stem Cells in Chronic Cervical and Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Levi Allan D , Okonkwo David O , Park Paul , Jenkins Arthur L , Kurpad Shekar N , Parr Ann M , Ganju Aruna , Aarabi Bizhan , Kim Dong , Casha Steven , Fehlings Michael G , Harrop James S , Anderson Kim D , Gage Allyson , Hsieh Jane , Huhn Stephen , Curt Armin , Guzman Raphael 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Human central nervous system stem cells (HuCNS-SC) are multipotent adult stem cells with successful engraftment, migration, and region-appropriate differentiation after spinal cord injury (SCI).

OBJECTIVE
To present data on the surgical safety profile and feasibility of multiple intramedullary perilesional injections of HuCNS-SC after SCI.

METHODS
Intramedullary free-hand (manual) transplantation of HuCNS-SC cells was performed in subjects with thoracic (n = 12) and cervical (n = 17) complete and sensory incomplete chronic traumatic SCI.

RESULTS
Intramedullary stem cell transplantation needle times in the thoracic cohort (20 M HuCNS-SC) were 19:30 min and total injection time was 42:15 min. The cervical cohort I (n = 6), demonstrated that escalating doses of HuCNS-SC up to 40 M range were well tolerated. In cohort II (40 M, n = 11), the intramedullary stem cell transplantation needle times and total injection time was 26:05 ± 1:08 and 58:14 ± 4:06 min, respectively. In the first year after injection, there were 4 serious adverse events in 4 of the 12 thoracic subjects and 15 serious adverse events in 9 of the 17 cervical patients. No safety concerns were considered related to the cells or the manual intramedullary injection. Cervical magnetic resonance images demonstrated mild increased T2 signal change in 8 of 17 transplanted subjects without motor decrements or emerging neuropathic pain. All T2 signal change resolved by 6 to 12 mo post-transplant.

CONCLUSION
A total cell dose of 20 M cells via 4 and up to 40 M cells via 8 perilesional intramedullary injections after thoracic and cervical SCI respectively proved safe and feasible using a manual injection technique.
Quantitative Comparison of the Intraoperative Utility of Indocyanine Green and Fluorescein Videoangiographies in Cerebrovascular Surgery
Authors: Matano Fumihiro , Mizunari Takayuki , Murai Yasuo , Kubota Asami , Fujiki Yu , Kobayashi Shiro , Morita Akio 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A quantitative analysis comparing indocyanine green videoangiography (ICG-VAG) and fluorescein videoangiography (FL-VAG) in cerebrovascular surgery has not been reported so far.

OBJECTIVE: To clear the differences of characteristics of ICG-VAG and FL-VAG by quantitative assessment.

METHODS: We prospectively analyzed results from 23 patients (3 males; mean age at surgery: 60.9 years, range: 14-75 years) at our hospital from August 2014 to July 2015. Eighteen patients had cerebral aneurysms for clipping, and 5 had intracranial arterial stenosis for superficial temporal artery (STA)–middle cerebral artery bypass. We imported data from the operative image data, converted by Audio Video Interleave to Aquacosmos as picture fluorescence intensity-analyzing software. Regions of interest were set at the parent artery, dome of aneurysms, and perforating artery in cases of clipping of aneurysms, and setting at 3 points in STA, in case of bypass. The transition of fluorescence intensity at each region of interest was calculated and plotted using Aquacosmos.

RESULTS: Thick-walled artery, such as parent artery (P = .0017) and STA (P = .0182), was more significantly visualized by ICG-VAG than FL-VAG, whereas the perforating artery, especially in deep surgical fields, such as anterior communicating artery, internal carotid artery, and basilar artery, was better visualized by FL-VAG than ICG-VAG (P < .0001).

CONCLUSION: In this quantitative analysis of fluorescence study, ICG-VAG showed greater efficacy than FL-VAG in visualizing relatively thick arteries, such as parent artery and STA. However, FL-VAG has greater efficacy than ICG-VAG in visualizing perforating artery, especially in deep surgical fields with characteristic vessel walls.
Risk Assessment of Hemorrhage of Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms in Posterior Fossa Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Hung Alice L , Yang Wuyang , Braileanu Maria , Garzon-Muvdi Tomas , Caplan Justin M , Colby Geoffrey P , Coon Alexander L , Tamargo Rafael J , Huang Judy 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Posterior fossa arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are associated with increased risk of rupture and severe consequences from such rupture. The hemorrhagic risk of prenidal aneurysms (anr) on the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) may exceed that of the AVM in posterior fossa AVMs fed by PICA (PICA-AVM).

OBJECTIVE
To characterize the relative risks of aneurysm and AVM hemorrhage in patients with posterior fossa AVMs.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with AVM. Patients with posterior fossa AVMs were divided into 3 groups: PICA-AVM with prenidal aneurysm (PICA-AVM-anr group), PICA-AVM without prenidal aneurysm (PICA-AVM group), and AVMs without PICA feeder with/without aneurysm (AVM-only group). Patient and lesion characteristics and treatment outcomes were compared. ANOVA and chi squared tests were used for statistical analyses.

RESULTS
Our cohort included 85 patients. Mean age was 45.3 ± 18.1 yr, with 43(50.6%) female patients. Fifty-one patients (60.0%) had hemorrhagic presentation, and 27 (31.8%) experienced acute hydrocephalus. Patients in the PICA-AVM-anr group (n = 11) were more likely to present with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH; P = .005) and less likely to have AVM rupture (P < .001). Ten (90.9%) patients presented with hemorrhage, 6 (60.0%) of which resulted from aneurysm rupture. Of these 6, 5 (83.3%) had acute hydrocephalus. No patients with AVM rupture had hydrocephalus. Eight (72.7%) received aneurysm treatment prior to AVM treatment. There were no significant differences in post-treatment outcomes dependent on treatment order.

CONCLUSION
In addition to relatively higher risk of AVM rupture from infratentorial location and prenidal aneurysm, a higher risk of aneurysm rupture rather than AVM rupture was observed in patients with PICA-AVM-anr complex.
The Effects of Health Insurance within Families: Experimental Evidence from Nicaragua
Authors: Fitzpatrick Anne , Thornton Rebecca 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This paper measures the causal effects of parent enrollment into voluntary health insurance on healthcare utilization among insured and uninsured children in Nicaragua. The study utilizes a randomized trial and age-eligibility cutoff in which insurance subsidies were randomly allocated to parents that covered their dependent children under 12; children age 12 and older were not eligible for coverage. Among eligible children, the insurance increased utilization at covered providers by 0.56 visits and increased overall utilization by 1.3 visits. Ineligible children with insured parents experienced 1.7 fewer healthcare visits driven by parent, not sibling, enrollment. The results suggest complementarities across healthcare provider type and provide evidence that households reallocate resources across all members in response to changes in healthcare prices for some.
In Vitro Evaluation of Betafoam, a New Polyurethane Foam Dressing
Authors: Jung Jae-A , Han Seung-Kyu , Jeong Seong-Ho , Dhong Eun-Sang , Park Kang-Gyun , Kim Woo-Kyung 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
A new polyurethane foam dressing impregnated with 3% povidone-iodine (Betafoam; Genewell, Seoul, Korea) was recently developed based on the hypothesis that its physical properties, including improved moisture-retention capacity and antimicrobial activity, are at least as good as those achieved with the current foam dressings that contain silver, but also associated with reduced cost and cytotoxicity to host cells. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of Betafoam by comparing its physical properties, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity with those of 3 silver foam dressings (Allevyn-Ag [Smith & Nephew, Hull, United Kingdom]; Mepilex-Ag [Mölnlycke Health Care, Gothenburg, Sweden]; and PolyMem-Ag [Ferris MFG Corp, Burr Ridge, Illinois]) used worldwide.

METHODS:
This study measured each dressing’s pore size, fluid absorption time, fluid absorption capacity, fluid retention capacity, antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and cytotoxicity to mouse fibroblasts.

RESULTS:
Betafoam had the smallest pore size, the fastest fluid absorption time, greatest fluid absorption, and best retention capacities among the tested foam dressings. Antimicrobial activity was not significantly different among the dressings. However, Betafoam also demonstrated the lowest cytotoxicity to the fibroblasts.

CONCLUSIONS:
Betafoam may result not only in desirable rapid regulation of exudation but also antimicrobial activity with minimal cytotoxicity to host cells that are key requirements for wound healing.
Allergen immunotherapy for the treatment of respiratory allergies in the elderly
Authors: Hur Gyu-Young , Lee Ji-Ho , Park Hae-Sim 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
Respiratory allergies, including asthma and allergic rhinitis can also occur in the elderly. Allergen immunotherapy for allergic diseases is the only disease-modifying treatment for patients with allergies available thus far. Here, we review current evidence supporting the use of allergen immunotherapy in the elderly and discuss its efficacy and utility for the treatment of respiratory allergic diseases in this setting.

Recent findings
Subcutaneous and/or sublingual immunotherapy are effective therapeutic options in not only young but also older patients. Allergen immunotherapy reduces medication and symptom scores in the elderly and can thus be safely prescribed in this population.

Summary
Elderly individuals with proven, clinically relevant immunoglobulin E sensitization to inhalant allergens may benefit from allergen immunotherapy for respiratory allergic diseases. Older patients without contraindications should therefore be considered for treatment, with the additional benefit of reduced medication and symptom scores.
Delayed Dural Leak Following Posterior Spinal Fusion for Idiopathic Scoliosis Using All Posterior Pedicle Screw Technique
Authors: Floccari Lorena V. , Larson A. Noelle , Stans Anthony A. , Fogelson Jeremy , Helenius Iikka 
Published: May 2017

Background:
In pediatric patients, pedicle screws are malpositioned 5% to 15% of the time. Complications associated with malpositioned screws are infrequently reported in the literature. We present a series of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients who presented in a delayed manner with positional headache and chronic dural leak adjacent to the pedicle screw tract.

Methods:
Scoliosis databases at 2 centers were reviewed, and cases of delayed positional headaches following posterior spinal fusion for AIS were identified. Demographic and clinical data were collected.

Results:
Of 322 patients, 4 patients presented with positional headaches at a mean of 12.8 weeks following posterior spinal fusion surgery for AIS, with an interval time to diagnosis of 5 months. Computed tomographic myelogram demonstrated severe pedicle screw malposition in 1 patient, and minimal malposition in 3 patients (<2 mm violation). The patients had delayed presentation with positional headaches secondary to dural leak. All patients successfully underwent revision surgery with repair of the dural leak. At the time of latest follow-up, all patients are asymptomatic.

Conclusions:
Pedicle screw malposition can result in dural leaks. Patients may present in a delayed manner with positional headaches and an acquired Chiari malformation. Clinical suspicion should prompt imaging of the brain or cervical spine followed by computed tomographic myelogram to determine site of leak. This is a rare complication from pedicle screw malposition.

Levels of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.