bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated proteome and pangenome analysis revealed the variation of microalga Isochrysis galbana and associated bacterial community to 2,6-Di- tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT) stress
Authors: Guo Linke , Li Shuangwei , Cheng Dongle , Lu Xiao , Gao Xinying , Zhang Linlin , Lu Jianjiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The phenolic antioxidant 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT) has been detected in various environments and is considered a potential threat to aquatic organisms. Algal-bacterial interactions are crucial for maintaining ecosystem balance and elemental cycling, but their response to BHT remains to be investigated. This study analyzed the physiological and biochemical responses of the microalga Isochrysis galbana and the changes of associated bacterial communities under different concentrations of BHT stress. Results showed that the biomass of I. galbana exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing BHT concentrations up to 40 mg/L. The reduction in chlorophyll, carotenoid, and soluble protein content of microalgal cells was also observed under BHT stress. The production of malondialdehyde and the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase were further determined. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that BHT caused surface rupture of the algal cells and loss of intracellular nutrients. Proteomic analysis demonstrated the upregulation of photosynthesis and citric acid cycle pathways as a response to BHT stress. Additionally, BHT significantly increased the relative abundance of specific bacteria in the phycosphere, including Marivita, Halomonas, Marinobacter, and Alteromonas. Further experiments confirmed that these bacteria had the ability to utilize BHT as the sole carbon resource for growth, and genes related to the degradation of phenolic compounds were detected through pangenome analysis.
Gelation of liquid oil solely using the Maillard reaction-born nanoconjugates of whey protein microgel through high internal phase Pickering emulsion template: in vitro digestive lipolysis, oxidation stability, rheology, microstructure, and thermodynamic attributes
Authors: Izadi Seyed Hossein , Karbasi Mehri , Askari Gholamreza , Emam-Djomeh Zahra , Salami Maryam , Ghodrati Fatemeh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In this study, whey protein microgel (WPM) particles were glycated with inulin through the Maillard reaction in a liquid system. The high internal phase Pickering emulsion (HIPPE) formulated with WPM-inulin nanoconjugate containing the highest proportion of polyol conferred a more compact network with the smallest mean droplet size (6.43 µm), along with the highest emulsion activity and physical stability when compared to the WPM-stabilized emulsion. This outcome was attributed to the increased glycation degree, zeta potential, and surface activity of conjugates; the higher the grafting degree, the more stable the HIPPE. Macro and microstructure analyses documented that adding saccharide to WPM transformed the resulting oleogels from flowable to self-standing state. Infra-red spectroscopy indicated the development of ordered semi-crystalline structures in the polymeric conjugate-based oleogels, enhancing oil entrapment within the three-dimensional network. It was also found that exploiting the Maillard reaction led to the formation of solid gel structures with remarkable strength and textural integrity, evidenced by superior elastic modulus (G'~1.2×107 Pa), thixotropic recovery (~ 80%), hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness. This low-calorie, food-grade colloidal system was thermally stable, with high melting temperature of 172.7°C. Increasing the inulin ratio significantly suppressed oil loss by up to 13-fold and slowed down oil oxidative rancidity during storage. Additionally, free fatty acid release profiles exhibited that inulin glycation delayed in vitro intestinal lipid digestion, proved by lower maximal release amount and longer half-release time. The ability to structure liquid oil at such low biopolymer concentration, therefore, holds promise across various scientific domains, particularly among colloid scientists.
Rather than single habitat types, habitat assemblages may significantly shape avian communities in urban fringe
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Jinjin , Zhang Qiaoyong , Du Chunlan , Luo Dan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context:
In the context of accelerated urbanization, comprehending the influence of habitat diversity and its dynamics on species is imperative for biodiversity conservation. Specifically, in urban fringe areas, the interactions among various habitat types substantially affect the composition and ecological resilience of avian communities. Nevertheless, the nuanced relationship between habitat assemblages and avian diversity remains unclear relative to studies focusing on single habitat types. Consequently, targeted research is essential to inform and enhance effective conservation practices.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the utilisation characteristics of habitat assemblages and seasonal changes in habitat assemblages by different avian communities in the urban fringe, in order to reveal the potential ecological mechanisms of habitat assemblage effects.
Methods
In Yinglong Lake Wetland Park, Chongqing, we conducted a year-long avian survey employing the line transect method, supplemented by high-resolution remote sensing imagery and field habitat survey data to classify habitat types and perform habitat mapping. Utilizing these data, we applied integrated statistical methods, including two-way clustering, to investigate the selection and utilization patterns of habitat assemblages by avian communities, with a particular focus on seasonal dynamics.
Results
The findings indicated that 60 species (60%) were present across multiple habitat types, with the greatest number of shared avian species (38) identified within the habitat assemblage of evergreen broadleaf forest (EF) and shrubbery(SH). A two-way clustering analysis categorized the avian species into 10 distinct groups, revealing significant differences in the utilization patterns of habitat assemblages among these communities. Furthermore, seasonal variation notably influenced the habitat utilization strategies of avian communities, especially during the breeding and migratory periods.
Conclusions
This study underscores the importance of diverse habitat assemblages and seasonal dynamics in supporting avian diversity in urban fringe areas. Based on our findings, we have developed targeted recommendations to enhance habitat construction and biodiversity conservation in these regions.
Evaluation of the acceptability and feasibility of stress mitigation education and support delivered via telehealth for people after road traffic musculoskeletal/orthopaedic injury
Authors: Sim Alison , McNeilage Amy G , Rebbeck Trudy , Sterling Michele , Nicholas Michael , Donovan Sarah , Giummarra Melita J , Ashton-James Claire E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of a consumer co-designed telehealth intervention which aimed to reduce claimant distress by providing pain management strategies, informational and social support to people who had made a compensation claim following road traffic musculoskeletal injury.
Methods
Eleven claimant participants who were at risk of a poor outcome completed the intervention and were interviewed about their experience (acceptability and feasibility including the use of telehealth). Clinicians who delivered the intervention also completed an anonymous feedback survey exploring their experiences delivering the intervention. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was conducted.
Results
There were four themes which broadly related to the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention as well as the perceived benefits: (1) knowledge is power, (2) healing with social connection, (3) further along than I would have been and (4) telehealth was acceptable and feasible.
Conclusion
The delivery of a co-designed telehealth-delivered stress mitigation intervention to support people with a road traffic musculoskeletal injury was feasible to deliver and acceptable to people who were at risk of a poor outcome. Further research to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention on outcomes such as pain, self-efficacy, and claims costs are needed.
Employability of Irish nutrition science graduates – a qualitative exploration of graduates’ experiences
Authors: O'Donovan Sarah , Ryan Lisa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Nutrition program graduates possess extensive knowledge, practical skills, and effective communication, but the transition from academic training to professional practice can be challenging. The study aimed to explore the employability of Irish nutrition science graduates and the use of the CareerEDGE model in developing employability. In-depth semi-structured, recorded interviews were conducted with 42 nutrition graduates from across nine universities in Ireland who had completed a nutrition science degree between 2015-2021. Interpretivism guided this study, which endeavoured to co-construct meaning with participants. Transcribed interviews were thematically analysed, whereby data were coded, themes identified and discussed by all authors. The data were further mapped against CareerEDGE model by deductively coding against the model components (experience, degree, generic skills, emotional intelligence, career development learning, and reflection and evaluation).
All components of the CareerEDGE model were identified in the data. Experience, degree, and generic skills were recognised as the components with the greatest impact on job outcomes and performance. All participants referenced both work and life experience as an influential factor in their journey to employment, providing exposure to different workplace environments and opportunities for skills development.
Irish nutrition science graduates acknowledged the significance of experience, degree knowledge, and generic skills in employability. However, further research is needed to improve career development opportunities and support, emotional intelligence, and resilience in nutrition science education.
Seismic Microzonation Studies in the Southern Part of Progo River, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Azifah Ghina Bani , Fathani Teuku Faisal , Setiawan Hendy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

BackgroundThere were more than 700 earthquakes with a magnitude of more than 5 Mw over the past 100 years in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Due to the high intensity of seismic activities, it is essential to perform seismic hazard analysis by considering local site effects. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the peak ground acceleration (PGA) value based on the earthquake scenario of May 27, 2006, with a magnitude of 6.3 Mw, which occurred on the eastern side of the Opak Fault.
MethodsThe study was conducted in the southern part of the Progo River, the Special Region of Yogyakarta, using 31 boreholes and 18 microtremor measurement points. The analysis was carried out using four methods: Kanai’s (1966) equation using microtremor data, deterministic equations with Ground Motion Prediction Equations Next Generations Attenuation West 2 (GMPE NGA West 2), Kanno's (2006) attenuation equation, and probabilistic method referring to the Indonesian Seismic code.
ResultsResults indicated that the highest value of PGA was obtained using the deterministic GMPE NGA West 2 weighted attenuation equation, which varied from 0.475 g to 0.549 g. Meanwhile, Kanno's (2006) attenuation equation resulted in values ranging from 0.266 g to 0.394 g. In contrast, PGA values obtained through microtremor measurement resulted in a smaller value, in the range of 0.126 g to 0.214 g. Probabilistic analysis in the study area produces values ranging from 0.373 g to 0.450 g.
Conclusion The location on the central side of the Progo River shows a lower PGA value than the other sides. PGA values will tend to be higher at locations near the earthquake source. The low PGA value that resulted from microtremor analysis was due to the consideration of local site effects in determining earthquake parameters in the study area. Determining the seismic hazard analysis method in infrastructure planning requires a comprehensive analysis by considering various parameters, such as the planning and design objectives, the location proximity to earthquake sources, historical seismic conditions, and the presence of the local site effects.
Sedimentary regularity and ecological risk of heavy metals in Chaohu Lake sediments
Authors: Luo Wenguang , Zhang Jiantao , Lu Jing , Xia Qian , Zhu Senlin , Fan Yangzhen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

One of the most commonly used methods to assess the ecological risk of heavy metals in lake sediments is referring to the background values of soil. However, the background values currently used are the statistical average of the elemental contents in a given region with a large range of areas, which are not relevant for lake sediments with spatially differentiated characteristics. So far, there are few studies focusing on the diagnosis and analysis of background values of heavy metals considering lake sedimentary history. To fill the gap, this study investigated the variation in heavy metals in undisturbed core sediments across the western, central and eastern regions of Chaohu Lake. The background values of heavy metals were then deduced based on the distribution of heavy metals in sediments. The background values were used to inform the ecological evaluation methods based on weight, including the geological accumulation index (Igeo), and the improved potential ecological risk index (RI) based on chemical accumulation and toxicity unit (∑TU). A probabilistic risk assessment was conducted based on the improved RI using a large number of monitoring data. The results indicated that the improved RI based on chemical sorting identified a lower risk of 67.0% and a moderate risk of 33.0%, with Hg, As and Ni being the major contributors. The comparative analysis indicated that the probabilistic statistical method based on the improved RI can provide a more objective and scientific basis for the management of lake heavy metals pollution.
Study on Load Reduction and Vibration Control Strategies for Semi-Submersible Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Bai Dongxiao , Wang Bing , Li Yinsheng , Wang Wancheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Independent pitch control is a crucial technology for enhancing the performance of wind turbines by effectively managing each blade to optimize power output and reduce loads. This paper explores the primary vibration modes of semi-submersible wind turbines under wind-wave coupling. Given the effectiveness of pitch control in vibration suppression, the study addresses the limitations of conventional unified pitch control. It proposes an independent pitch control method based on an equivalent wind speed model. This model simplifies the analysis of wind speed effects on blade angle adjustments, thus improving control accuracy and response speed. The equivalent wind speed model, which integrates the spatial distribution of actual wind speeds, provides an effective description of how true wind speed affects pitch angles. This approach makes control strategies more intuitive and efficient in complex wind speed environments. The proposed independent pitch control method was validated through simulations on the IEA 15MW wind turbine, demonstrating its effectiveness and performance. Experimental results indicate that the equivalent wind speed model-based independent pitch control method significantly reduces structural loads, vibrations in blades and tower, and 1P oscillations in root bending moments while maintaining stable power output. The research findings offer valuable insights for load reduction and vibration suppression control in offshore floating wind turbines.
Patterns and Predictors of Residential Indoor Water Use Across Major US Cities
Authors: Naseri Md Yunus , Bernosky Grant , Mayer Peter W. , Marston Landon T. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study investigates residential indoor water consumption variability across 39 US cities using data from 26,441 single-family smart water meters. Employing functional data analysis and mixed-effects random forest, we identified distinct usage patterns clusters across cities, with 13 high and 6 low water-using cities (all in coastal California) differing significantly from 20 medium water-using cities. Shower and toilet use were primary drivers of indoor use differences between clusters, influenced by both behavioral and fixture efficiency factors. The presence of certain appliances, household features, and weather also affect indoor water use, with varying influence on indoor water use across clusters. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of state-level water efficiency interventions and emphasize the importance of considering both behavioral factors and appliance efficiency in conservation strategies, providing valuable insights for targeted water demand management in urban areas.
Determination of the coefficient of friction in the penstock of a hydro-electric dam: Application of two approaches
Authors: Tchawe Tchawe Moukam , Nkontchou Ngongang François , Tientcheu Nsiewe Max-well , Djiako Thomas , Tcheukam-Toko Dénis , Kenmeugne Bienvenu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Several formulae of the coefficient of friction have emerged after that of Nikuradse such as the Colebrook–White formula adopted for the calculation of the coefficient of friction in penstocks. However, this requires enormous computing resources because it suffers from an implicit nature. Other authors have proposed explicit formulae for this in order to reduce calculation times and make applications easy. Among these authors, the most used are the formulae of Swamee–Jain and Haaland. In this work, we set out to study the evolution of friction on the top, bottom and side walls of a penstock using these two formulas. The objective is to find which one best characterizes the friction and gives results close to the implicit Colebrook–White formula. To carry out this work, the study was made by a numerical approach in FLUENT. It appears that the Swamee–Jain correlation gives values closer to that of Colebrook–White along the walls. On the side walls, Haaland's formula better describes the constancy of friction with a much larger range of values than Swamee–Jain. On the upper and lower walls, the friction has a linear character.
Impacts of illegal mining activities on water quality for irrigation and implications for public health: A case study of the Oda River in the Ashanti Region of Ghana
Authors: Anoyege Raymond , Alatinga Kennedy A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the biological and physicochemical parameters of the Oda River, including the detection of heavy metals. To achieve this purpose, a quantitative experimental research design was employed. Twenty-four water samples were taken along the Oda River from Obeng ne Obeng, Abuakwaa, and Odaso communities. The samples were analysed in a laboratory, and the results were compared to the irrigation water quality standards from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). The study found that the concentration of turbidity and total suspended solids exceeded the recommended standards of FAO, while the river's pH, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids concentrations were within permissible boundaries. Lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and fluoride were present at concentrations lower than the recommended guidelines, whereas copper and cyanide were not discovered. However, iron concentrations exceeded the FAO guidelines. Escherichia coli concentrations in the Obeng ne Obeng were lower than the FAO irrigation standards but were higher in the Abuakwaa and Odaso. The Pearson correlation coefficient highlighted significant correlations between the physicochemical parameters. This paper concludes that unregulated mining activities may endanger vital water resources for irrigation, public health, food safety, ecosystems, and livelihoods.
Assessment of CROPWAT 8.0 model accuracy under deficit irrigation scheduling: A sustainable path toward smart water supply
Authors: Champaneri Dushyant Dipakkumar , Desai Ketan Dhirubhai , Ahlawat Timur Rampal , Shrivastava Alok , Pampaniya Nirav Karshanbhai 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

As the world confronts mounting challenges to water security, efficient irrigation becomes ever more critical. Escalating water scarcity challenges necessitate innovative smart irrigation solutions. This study investigates the potential of integrating deficit irrigation (DI) with the CROPWAT 8.0 model for sustainable and water-productive irrigation. This research evaluated the model's accuracy in generating DI schedules at 70% field capacity (FC) (T1) compared to schedules derived from frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) soil moisture sensors at 70% FC (T2). The results demonstrated economic viability and strong accuracy for T1 with consistently lower values of mean absolute error (3.6165 and 4.3987) and root mean square error (4.4447 and 5.5055) while compared to T2 across two years. In addition, T1 achieved significant water savings (43.47 and 45.16%) alongside higher water productivity (8.11 and 8.22 kg m−3), respectively, for both the years compared to full irrigation (FI). These findings highlight CROPWAT 8.0 model–driven DI scheduling as a promising smart irrigation approach for tackling water scarcity, offering economic benefits to farmers while promoting water security.
Water hammer protection of one-way surge tanks considering the effect of check valve
Authors: Li Pengyu , Yu Xiaodong , Chen Sheng , Chen Nan , Huang Yujie 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
One-way surge tanks are commonly employed as water hammer protection devices. However, the action process of the check valve is often disregarded in the design of protective measure. In this study, a one-way surge tank model incorporating a check valve was developed based on the method of characteristics. The check valve action process and different installation positions for one-way surge tanks were investigated based on an actual water supply project. The results show that, compared with the existing one-way surge tank mathematical model, the pipeline pressure calculated by the new model is smaller and the water replenishment is slower, which means that there is a safety risk based on the calculation results of the existing model. As the opening process of the check valve slows down, the pipeline minimum pressure is reduced. When the valve opening rate reaches 0.5 s, negative pressure appears in the pipeline. In addition, for undulated terrain with two obvious high points, when the first one-way surge tank is installed at the node behind the pump, the second one should be installed at the highest point to ensure that the pipeline pressure is greater than 0 m.