bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baxter elastomeric pumps: Feasibility of weight estimates
Authors: Chambers Carole R , Pabia Mica , Sawyer Michael , Tang Patricia A 
Published: June 2016

Purpose Elastomeric pumps are used to infuse a 46-h fluorouracil protocol and patients are asked to visually inspect the pump daily. The pump has a variability of ±10% and there are additional patient variables that can increase this. The feasibility of weighing the pump rather than a visual inspection along with the secondary objective to confirm the pump’s variability in real world conditions was undertaken. Methods Empty pumps were weighed using both pharmacy and kitchen scales. Pumps upon completion of the 46-h infusion were also weighed using both pharmacy and kitchen scales. Results The kitchen scale was as accurate as the pharmacy grade scale. Disconnected pumps showed the expected variability from using these infusor pumps along with a few showing greater variability likely due to patient variables. Conclusion Weighing pumps appears to be feasible both at the pharmacy and home level. Next steps would be to weigh pumps during the infusion to validate an alternate method to simple visual inspection for patients to confirm proper infusing of the pump at their home.
A Case of Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma in Longstanding Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Zarins Andrea , Smith Douglas , Fahim Simone 
Published: June 2016

Background: The association between lymphoproliferative malignancies and autoimmune rheumatological diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), remains of great interest. It is known that individuals with immune dysregulation also have an increased risk of lymphoma. Objective: To report a case of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the leg type associated with longstanding SLE, as well as to review the literature for similar cases. Methods: A PubMed search was done using the following search terms: lupus and B-cell lymphoma. Results: Although several studies show that non-Hodgkin lymphoma is significantly increased in SLE, there is currently no literature reporting specifically on the risk of primary cutaneous lymphomas in patients with SLE. Conclusion: Our report highlights the possibility that patients with autoimmune disease are at increased risk of not only the classic forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma but also primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas.
The family in the view of Israeli adolescents in foster care
Authors: Mahat-Shamir Michal , Davidson Arad Bilha , Shilo Guy , Adler Ronit , Leichtentritt Ronit D 
Published: June 2016

Summary This qualitative study explores the unique views about the family system held by adolescents who have spent years in foster care in Israel. This inductive study is among the few to address the unheard views held, and the salient challenges faced, by adolescents who have not grown up in their biological parents’ home, with a focus on their view of the family. Findings Participants’ demonstrated conflicting, polarizing perceptions of the family: (a) family is a genetic system: blood is thicker than water; (b) the family system is constructed and limited by terminology; and (c) communication is essential to family life. Applications While the first two themes highlighted the participants’ family of origin as their “true family” the last theme emphasized on the foster family as their “true” family system. Synthesis between these views could not be achieved as informants embraced the social expectation perceiving the family as one. Raising social and professional awareness about the difficulties these young people face partly because of an exclusive social view of the family lies in the sphere of interest and the social work professional expertise.
Surgical management of carotid body tumor – Is Shamblin classification sufficient to predict surgical outcome?
Authors: Law Y , Chan YC , Cheng SW 
Published: June 2016

Background The study aims to conduct a review of the surgical management of carotid body tumor. Methods Consecutive patients with CBT who received surgical interventions from January 1994 to January 2014 at our institution were reviewed. Clinical, operative, pathological and follow up information were reported. Results Twenty patients (four males; median age was 36) with 21 CBT operations were recorded during the period. One patient undertook sequential operations for bilateral CBTs. Patients had 19 neck mass, 1 incidental finding and 1 facial nerve palsy. Six CBTs (28.6%) were Shamblin class I, ten (47.6%) were class II and five (23.8%) were class III. Nine CBTs had preoperative conjunctive embolization. Two operations required internal carotid artery resection and reconstruction. Four patients received subtotal resections, while 17 achieved complete resection. Complications included two major strokes, three hoarse voice and two Horner’s syndrome. Shamblin class was significant predictor of operative time, blood loss, and whether complete resection accomplished, but could not predict postoperative complication. With median follow up period of 94 months, there was no tumor recurrence found in those had complete resection. Conclusions This small cohort showed that Shamblin class was significant in predicting technical difficulties but could not predict occurrence of complications.
Predictive factors of short‐term mortality in ischaemic colitis and development of a new prognostic scoring model of in‐hospital mortality
Authors: Peixoto Armando , Silva Marco , Gaspar Rui , Morais Rui , Pereira Pedro , Macedo Guilherme 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundIschaemic colitis (IC) is the most common form of intestinal ischaemia with a wide spectrum of severity, with possible risk of death.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate predictive factors of in‐hospital and short‐term mortality, in a cohort of patients with IC.MethodsRetrospective analysis of IC cases diagnosed between 2008–2013 in a single tertiary centre, with assessment of factors at the time of diagnosis associated with in‐hospital and 90‐day mortality.ResultsOf the 203 patients included (132 women), 47 (23%) died during the follow‐up (median: 16 months). There were 21 patients (45%) who died during hospitalization and at 90 days there were 30 deaths (64% of total). In multivariate analysis, need for vasopressor support (odds ratio (OR) 11.21; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.31–54.24; p  = 0.01), Intermediate or Intensive Care Unit (ICU): admission (OR 7.01; 95% CI: 1.48–33.16; p  = 0.014) and atrial fibrillation (OR 4.99; 95% CI: 1.1–26.23; p  = 0.048) were independently and significantly associated with in‐hospital mortality. Using the coefficients of the estimated logistic model, we calculated a scoring model to predict the occurrence of in‐hospital mortality. The presence of all three risk factors predicted a probability of death of 32% with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.89 (95% CI 0.80–0.98. At 90 days, the presence of chronic kidney disease (OR 7.46; 95% CI: 1.87–29.73; p  = 0.002), and male sex (OR 5.85; 95% CI: 1.57–21.83; p  = 0.009) were also independently associated with mortality.ConclusionsMost deaths in ischaemic colitis occur in the first 90 days after admission, sharing similar risk factors. Assessment of the presence of atrial fibrillation, need of vasopressor support or hospitalization in the intermediate/intensive care unit provides a useful tool to estimate in‐hospital mortality and to establish the management for patients admitted for ischaemic colitis.
Contractibility and fixed point property: the case of Khalimsky topological spaces
Authors: Han Sang-Eon 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBased on the notions of both contractibility and local contractibility, many works were done in fixed point theory. The present paper concerns a relation between digital contractibility and the existence of fixed points of digitally continuous maps. In this paper, establishing a new digital homotopy named by a K-homotopy in the category of Khalimsky topological spaces, we prove that in digital topology, whereas contractibility implies local contractibility, the converse does not hold. Furthermore, we address the following problem, which remains open. Let X be a Khalimsky (K- for short) topological space with K-contractibility. Then we may pose the following question: does the space X have the fixed point property (FPP)? In this paper, we prove that not every K-topological space with K-contractibility has the FPP.
Growth of dendritic nanostructures by liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy: a reflection of the electron-irradiation history
Authors: Ahmad Nabeel , Le Bouar Yann , Ricolleau Christian , Alloyeau Damien 
Published: June 2016

AbstractStudying dynamical processes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) requires considering the electron-irradiation history, including the instantaneous dose rate and the cumulative dose delivered to the sample. Here, we have exploited liquid-cell TEM to study the effects of the electron-irradiation history on the radiochemical growth of dendritic Au nanostructures. Besides the well-established direct link between the dose rate and the growth rate of the nanostructures, we demonstrate that the cumulative dose in the irradiated area can also induce important transitions in the growth mode of the nanostructures. By comparing in situ observations with an extended diffusion-limited aggregation model, we reveal how the shape of the nanostructures is severely affected by the local lack of metal precursors and the resulting restricted accessibility of gold atoms to the nanostructures. This study highlights the effects of electron irradiation on the solution chemistry in the irradiated area and in the whole liquid cell that are of primary importance to extract quantitative information on nanoscale processes.
Second Primary Cancers After Primary Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Israeli Women, 1992 to 2006
Authors: Silverman Barbara G. , Lipshitz Irena , Keinan-Boker Lital 
Published: June 2016

Purpose Improvements in early detection and treatment have resulted in improved long-term survival from breast cancer, which increases the likelihood of the occurrence of second primary cancers. We calculated the risk of second primary cancers among Israeli women receiving a first primary breast cancer diagnosis. Methods By using data from the Israel National Cancer Registry, we identified 46,090 women with invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 1990 and 2006 and non–breast primary cancers diagnosed subsequent to breast cancer diagnosis. We used life table analysis to calculate the risk of a second primary cancer and calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) by using age-specific cancer risk in the general population of Israeli women as the standard and stratifying by diagnosis period (1992 to 1996, 1997 to 2001, 2002 to 2006) and age at diagnosis (< 50 and ≥ 50 years). Results The probability of a second malignancy was 3.6% within 5 years, 8.2% within 10 years, and 13.9% within 15 years. The SIR for any second non–breast primary cancer was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.23 to 1.30). Significantly increased risks of colorectal, uterine, lung, ovarian, and thyroid cancer and leukemia were observed for the full follow-up period, which persisted after excluding the first 6 months after index diagnosis, although increased leukemia and colorectal cancer risks were no longer statistically significant. Women younger than age 50 years at initial diagnosis had a greater excess risk than women age 50 years and older (SIR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.63 to 1.91] and 1.20 [95% CI, 1.15 to 1.24], respectively). Conclusion The findings likely reflect a combination of personal risk factors (genetics, hormonal therapy, environmental exposures) as well as the effects of the initial cancer treatment and are unlikely to be explained by enhanced surveillance alone.
Factors associated with children and teenagers’ trauma of victims treated at a referral center in Southern Brazil<br>Fatores associados a crianças e adolescentes vítimas de trauma atendidas em um centro de referência no sul do Brasil
Authors: Viegas Karin , Rosa Ernani Bohrer da , Endres Lilian Frustockl , Silveira Daniélle Bernardi , Carvalho Gisele Pereira de , Canabarro Simone Travi 
Published: June 2016

INTRODUCTION: Physical trauma is one of the most common causes of death and disability in children's development and adolescents. By consequence, pediatric trauma is a topic that needs further studies. OBJECTIVE: The identification of factors associated with child and adolescent victims of trauma treated at a referral center in Southern Brazil relating to trauma in children and adolescents from birth to age 14 years treated in a hospital emergency room. METHODS: A retrospective study using secondary data from a hospital service, performed the analysis of associated factors among 375 children and adolescents (range 0-14 years) admitted to the emergency room for any kind of physical trauma and the variables described about the traumas. The period was June 14 to December 14, 2013. RESULTS: Most patients were male (65.1%), white (89.1%); they were attended nightly (45.9%) and belonging to the age group 10-14 years (40.3%), head and neck prevailed in number occurrences with 33.6% of cases, followed by the upper and lower limbs 27.7% and 26.9%, respectively. Falls represented 45.6% of cases, followed by exposure to inanimate mechanical forces (12%) and exposure to animated mechanical forces (5.9%). The neurosurgery service was the most referenced for younger age groups, while for the older groups were the maxillofacial services (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed results that draw the community’s attention not only academic, but also to call the attention of caregivers to work with constant prevention alternatives to the monitoring of the course of children’s development.
Field and semi-field evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis versus Temephos® in Aedes aegypti control<br>Avaliação de campo e simulado de campo de Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis versus Temephos® no controle de Aedes aegypti
Authors: Lima Jose Bento Pereira , Goreti Rosa-Freitas Maria , Melo Rodovalho Cynara , Aparecida Braga Ima 
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Aedes aegypti is a vector of the important arboviruses worldwide. Vector control continues to rely mainly on fighting immature stages. Resistance to the larvicide Temephos® was detected in many regions of Brazil since 2000 what led control programs to search for alternative products, such as Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti). Caicó municipality (Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil) was one of the first cities to use Bti. However, after some time, Bti low persistence was noticed as jeopardizing effective vector control. Objective: To compare the efficacy of two Bti granulate formulations, Vectobac G® and Vectobac WDG® and Temephos® against Ae. aegypti in field and semi-field conditions. Methods: Field tests were carried out in two neighbouring areas which presented Ae. aegypti infestation indices >3%: Walfredo Gurgel and Boa Passagem, Caicó, RGN, Brazil, in 2004. Semi- field tests were performed in the patio of a building. Results: For the field conditions, mortality rates >80% were maintained for 14 days, average. After nine weeks, positive containers for Ae. aegypti in the field were >10% in the area of application of Bti and <1% in the area where Temephos® was applied. In the semi-field conditions Ae. aegypti larval mortality >80% was maintained for up to 56 days for Temephos®, 35 days for Vectobac G® and 49 days for Vectobac WDG®. Conclusions: The results point out to low Bti persistence in the field, mainly for containers exposed to sunlight. Local climatic and environmental conditions should be regarded when new products are tested due to high regional variability prevailing in Brazil.
Estilo de vida e exposição à material biológico entre notificados com hepatite B<br>Lifestyle and exposure to biological material among reported with hepatitis B
Authors: Pereira Fabiane Silva , Gusmão Bruna Matos , Rocha Ana Paula , Fernandes Michelle Bonfim da Silva , Dias Orlene Veloso , Costa Simone de Melo 
Published: June 2016

Introdução: A hepatite B é uma doença de caráter mundial, que se tornou um problema de saúde pública. A contaminação pode acontecer em qualquer indivíduo, contudo há grupos que estão mais propensos, por serem mais expostos, como os pacientes em diálise e os profissionais da área da saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o estilo de vida e as exposições a material biológico entre os notificados para hepatite B em município de porte médio, entre 2007 a 2015, assim como avaliar o resultado do soro HBsAg entre os anos. Métodos: estudo transversal com dados de notificação de hepatite B arquivados na Vigilância epidemiológica de município do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Análise descritiva e teste de associação Likelihood ratio, com nível de significância p<0,05. Resultados: foram notificados 132 casos, em que 19,8% com três ou mais parceiros sexuais 10,7% tiveram contato sexual com algum portador da hepatite B; 29,7% realizaram tratamento odontológico e 18,8% cirurgias. O reagente ao soro HBsAg foi em 90,1% dos casos, sem diferença entre os anos (p>0,05). Conclusão: constataram-se comportamento sexual de risco e utilização de serviços de saúde entre os notificados para hepatite B. Na maioria dos casos, confirmou-se a infecção por meio de marcador sorológico, nos anos avaliados.
Technical measures without enforcement tools: is there any sense? A methodological approach for the estimation of passive net length in small scale fisheries
Authors: LUCCHETTI A. , BUGLIONI G. , CONIDES A. , KLAOUDATOS D. , SARTOR P. , SBRANA M. , SPEDICATO M.-T. , STAMATOPOULOS C. 
Published: June 2016

Passive nets are currently among the most important fishing gears largely used along the Mediterranean coasts by the small scale fisheries sector. The fishing effort exerted by this sector is strongly correlated with net dimensions. Therefore, the use of passive nets is worldwide managed by defining net length and net drop. The EC Reg. 1967/2006 reports that the length of bottom-set and drifting nets may be also defined considering their weight or volume; however, no practical suggestions for fisheries inspectors are yet available. Consequently, even if such technical measures are reasonable from a theoretical viewpoint, they are hardly suitable as a management tool, due to the difficulties in harbour control. The overall objective of this paper is to provide a quick methodological approach for the gross estimation of passive net length (by net type) on the basis of net volume. The final goal is to support fisheries managers with suitable advice for enforcement and control purposes. The results obtained are important for the management of the fishing effort exerted by small scale fisheries. The methodology developed in this study should be considered as a first attempt to tackle the tangled problem of net length estimation that can be easily applied in other fisheries and areas in order to improve the precision of the models developed herein.
Anticipated vs. Actual Synergy in Merger Partner Selection and Post-Merger Innovation
Authors: Rao Vithala R. , Yu Yu , Umashankar Nita 
Published: June 2016

Past research has primarily focused on what happens after a merger. This research attempts to determine whether anticipated benefits from the merger actually accrue. We characterize the effects of observed variables on whether pairs of firms merge, vis-à-vis roommate matching, and then link these factors to post-merger innovation (i.e., number of patents). We jointly estimate the two models using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods with a unique panel data set of 1,979 mergers between 4,444 firms across industries and countries from 1992 to 2008. We find that similarity in national culture and technical knowledge has a positive effect on partner selection and post-merger innovation. Anticipated synergy from subindustry similarity, however, is not realized in post-merger innovation. Furthermore, some key synergy sources are unanticipated when selecting a merger partner. For example, financial synergy from higher total assets and complementarity in total assets and debt leverage as well as knowledge synergy from breadth and depth of knowledge positively influence innovation but not partner selection. Furthermore, factors that dilute synergy (e.g., higher debt levels) are unanticipated, and firms merge with firms that detract from their innovation potential. Overall, the results reveal some incongruity between anticipated and realized synergy.Data, as supplemental material, are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.0978 .
Behavior-Based Pricing, Production Efficiency, and Quality Differentiation
Authors: Jing Bing 
Published: June 2016

In a two-period vertical duopoly, we examine how behavior-based price discrimination (BPD) affects the firms’ endogenous quality differentiation and profits. The firms’ relative production efficiency, defined as the ratio between their unit cost difference and quality difference, plays a crucial role. With exogenous product qualities, BPD always decreases the profits of the more efficient firm, but increases those of the sufficiently less efficient firm. Anticipating its period 2 disadvantage in price discrimination, the less efficient firm competes more vigorously and also gains more in period 1 than its competitor. For the sufficiently less efficient firm, its period 1 gain dominates its period 2 loss, and its total profits increase. With endogenous quality choices, BPD does not alter the low-end quality (at the lower bound of the quality space), but increases the high-end quality, enlarging quality differentiation. This is because under BPD, each firm’s profit gain decreases (or its profit loss increases) in its relative production efficiency. Interestingly, BPD may increase both firms’ profits under endogenous quality differentiation. Aside from causing mismatch between consumers and products, we further show that BPD lowers social welfare through inducing excessive quality differentiation. This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
A unified theory of bone healing and nonunion
Authors: Elliott D. S. , Newman K. J. H. , Forward D. P. , Hahn D. M. , Ollivere B. , Kojima K. , Handley R. , Rossiter N. D. , Wixted J. J. , Smith R. M. , Moran C. G. 
Published: June 2016

This article presents a unified clinical theory that links established facts about the physiology of bone and homeostasis, with those involved in the healing of fractures and the development of nonunion. The key to this theory is the concept that the tissue that forms in and around a fracture should be considered a specific functional entity. This ‘bone-healing unit’ produces a physiological response to its biological and mechanical environment, which leads to the normal healing of bone. This tissue responds to mechanical forces and functions according to Wolff’s law, Perren’s strain theory and Frost’s concept of the “mechanostat”. In response to the local mechanical environment, the bone-healing unit normally changes with time, producing different tissues that can tolerate various levels of strain. The normal result is the formation of bone that bridges the fracture – healing by callus. Nonunion occurs when the bone-healing unit fails either due to mechanical or biological problems or a combination of both. In clinical practice, the majority of nonunions are due to mechanical problems with instability, resulting in too much strain at the fracture site. In most nonunions, there is an intact bone-healing unit. We suggest that this maintains its biological potential to heal, but fails to function due to the mechanical conditions. The theory predicts the healing pattern of multifragmentary fractures and the observed morphological characteristics of different nonunions. It suggests that the majority of nonunions will heal if the correct mechanical environment is produced by surgery, without the need for biological adjuncts such as autologous bone graft. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:884–91.