bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) subfossils from Abismo Anhumas, Bonito/MS, Brazil: Morphology, isotopic habitat (δ13C, δ18O), radiocarbon dating, biogeography and human impact on the species conservation in Brazil
Authors: Miranda Flavia , Cotts Leonardo , Da Costa Júnior Edmundo P. Dineli , Margarido Maíra Prestes , Cherkinsky Alexander , Dantas Mário André Trindade 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMyrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 is the largest extant anteater, being distributed in most biomes from southern Central America and northern South America. Herein, we analyzed cranial and postcranial elements of three partial skeletons of M. tridactyla found submerged in Abismo Anhumas cave (Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). The bones collected were the skull (LEG 2598), left humerus (LEG 2601), ungueal phalanx (LEG 2602), and lumbar vertebrae (LEG 2599; LEG 2600). Radiocarbon dating and isotope analyses indicate that these animals lived between 360 and 560 cal a BP in an arboreal to open savanna habitat associated with the Cerrado, a Seasonal Dry Forest. Radiocarbon‐dated oxygen isotopes are possibly in agreement with dated oxygen isotopes found in stalagmites, suggesting a wet period between 442–364 cal a BP in the region. Finally, we created paleo‐species distribution models, which allowed the generation of a consensus map showing a historically stable area between 21 and 6 ka for this species. Currently, more than 50% of this area has been destroyed by human activity.
Impact of Neoadjuvant Therapy on Oncological Outcomes of Patients With Distal Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chopra Asmita , Gebran Anthony , Khachfe Hussein , Asmar Rudy El , Nassour Ibrahim , Narayanan Sowmya , AlMasri Samer , Singhi Aatur , Lee Kenneth , Zureikat Amer , Paniccia Alessandro 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDistal pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (D‐PDAC) often presents at an advanced stage. The efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in improving outcomes for D‐PDAC is not well‐established. This study evaluates the impact of NAT on the oncological outcomes of patients with D‐PDAC.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with resectable and borderline‐resectable D‐PDAC treated at a single center from 2012 to 2020 was performed. Stratification was based on initial treatment—NAT or surgery first (SF). Survival analysis, following intention‐to‐treat framework, used Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression to assess NAT's impact on progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of D‐PDAC.ResultsAmong 141 patients (median age 69.8 years, 51.8% females) included in the study, 71 (50.4%) received NAT and 70 (49.6%) were planned for SF. Patients receiving NAT were younger (65.9 vs. 72.6 years) and had higher incidence of borderline‐resectable disease (31% vs. 4.3%) (both p < 0.05) than those undergoing SF. Thirteen patients (18.3%) undergoing NAT and five (7.1%) in SF group, failed to undergo resection. Univariate comparison showed no difference in the PFS (SF:13.97 vs. NAT:17.00 months, p = 0.6), and OS (SF:23.73 vs. NAT:32.53 months, p = 0.35). Multivariate Cox regression analysis noted significantly improved PFS (HR = 0.64, 95%CI = 0.42–0.96, p = 0.031) and OS (HR = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.39–0.93, p = 0.021) with NAT.ConclusionNAT is associated with improved PFS and OS in patients with ‐D‐PDAC. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these findings.
3D quantitative myocardial perfusion imaging with hyperpolarized HP001(bis‐1,1‐(hydroxymethyl)‐[1‐13C]cyclopropane‐d8): Application of gradient echo and balanced SSFP sequences
Authors: Zhao Yupeng , Olin Rie Beck , Hansen Esben Søvsø Szocska , Laustsen Christoffer , Hanson Lars G. , Ardenkjær‐Larsen Jan Henrik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to show the viability of conducting three‐dimensional (3D) myocardial perfusion quantification covering the entire heart using both GRE and bSSFP sequences with hyperpolarized HP001.MethodsA GRE sequence and a bSSFP sequence, both with a stack‐of‐spirals readout, were designed and applied to three pigs. The images were reconstructed using C coil sensitivity maps measured in a phantom experiment. Perfusion was quantified using a constrained decomposition method, and the estimated rest/stress perfusion values from C GRE/bSSFP and Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) were individually analyzed through histograms and the mean perfusion values were compared with reference values obtained from PET(O‐water). The Myocardial Perfusion Reserve Index (MPRI) was estimated for C GRE/bSSFP and DCE‐MRI and compared with the reference values.ResultsPerfusion values, estimated by both DCE and C MRI, were found to be lower than reference values. However, DCE‐MRI's estimated perfusion values were closer to the reference values than those obtained from C MRI. In the case of MPRI estimation, the C estimated MPRI values (GRE/bSSFP: 2.3/2.0) more closely align with the literature value (around 3) than the DCE estimated MPRI value (1.6).ConclusionThis study demonstrated the feasibility of 3D whole‐heart myocardial perfusion quantification using hyperpolarized HP001 with both GRE and bSSFP sequences. The C perfusion measurements underestimated perfusion values compared to the O PET literature value, while the C estimated MPRI value aligned better with the literature. This preliminary result indicates C imaging may more accurately estimate MPRI values compared to DCE‐MRI.
Im Weltall autonom synthetisieren
Authors: Schmid Rolf , Xiong Xin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSauerstoff auf dem Mars synthetisieren? Chinesische Forscher meinen, das sei eine Aufgabe für einen Maschinenchemiker. Dafür muss er chemische Daten erfassen, klassifizieren und kalibrieren. Er schlägt Versuchspläne vor und führt chemische Experimente selbstständig durch.
Trendbericht Makromolekulare Chemie 2024
Authors: Göstl Robert , Storch Sonja 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResponsive Polymere ändern ihre Materialeigenschaften und reagieren über programmierte molekulare Prozesse auf Umwelteinflüsse. Solche Materialdesigns standen dieses Jahr im Fokus vieler Anwendungen: Sie verbessern die Rezyklierbarkeit, führen zu selbstreguliertem Abbau und Selbstheilung, transportieren Wirkstoffe und setzen sie frei oder ahmen biologische Systeme mit komplexen Signalverarbeitungsabläufen und adaptiven Strukturen nach. Für eine nachhaltige Kunststoffwirtschaft bleiben zudem leitfähige Polymere und biobasierte Monomere wichtig.
Mädels machen Mint
Authors: Leusmann Eliza 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNicht nur gucken, mitmachen ist die Devise: Niedrigschwellige Angebote wie öffentliche Mitmachlabore oder ein Girls‘ Day an der örtlichen Hochschule vermitteln einen Eindruck, was ein Naturwissenschaftsstudium zu bieten hat.
Coupling digital microfluidics with mass spectrometry
Authors: Das Anish 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDigital microfluidics enables the electrical actuation of microliter‐sized droplets on a planar surface, facilitating precise control and digitization of chemical processes. It is typically operated in a closed chip format, preventing evaporation and contamination which also complicates chemical analysis of the trapped droplets. Thus, subsequent analytics are usually carried out offline or with simple optical methods. A new method including a chip‐integrated microspray hole now allows on‐the‐fly mass spectrometry analysis on a digital microfluidics chip.
Registration of ‘MN‐Rothsay’ spring wheat with high grain yield and lodging resistance
Authors: Anderson James A. , Wiersma Jochum J. , Reynolds S. K. , Conley E. J. , Stuart N. , Caspers R. , Kolmer James , Rouse Matthew N. , Jin Yue , Dill‐Macky Ruth , Smith M. J. , Dykes Linda 
Published: September 2024

Abstract‘MN‐Rothsay’ (Reg. No. CV‐1208, PI 702731) hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) was released by the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station in 2022 because of its high grain yield and lodging resistance. MN‐Rothsay is a medium‐late maturity cultivar with below average plant height, containing the semi‐dwarfing alleles Rht‐B1b and Rht24b. The lodging resistance of MN‐Rothsay is similar to ‘Linkert’, a 2013 release that was the most widely grown cultivar in Minnesota from 2016 to 2020, largely due to its superior lodging resistance. MN‐Rothsay has moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight (caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe), good resistance to prevalent races of pathogens causing leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) and stem rust (P. graminis Pers.: Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.), and is well‐adapted to the north central United States.
Content moderation and the digital transformations of gatekeeping
Authors: Schroeder Ralph 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis essay provides an overview of the current state of content moderation on social media platforms. The question the essay addresses is why there are a number of unresolved issues in tackling dysfunctional content. The argument is that there are two intersecting new phenomena which make effective content moderation difficult: one is that social media platforms lack the gatekeeping of content that was characteristic of traditional news media. The second is that the regulation of this un‐gatekept content is still unsettled; it falls between social media companies that span the globe and the regulations or absence thereof bounded by nation‐states. To understand both, an analysis restricted to law and regulation is insufficient. Instead, it is necessary to examine the role of media systems in society in a holistic way, and in a way that distinguishes between gatekept media and the absence of gatekeeping or new forms of gatekeeping. Such a broader account points to why the institutionalization of content moderation is likely to be a protracted and uneven process. The conclusion spells out how the tensions that have arisen with new media could be resolved, but also why they are likely to remain imperfectly resolved.
Alliaceae versus Brassicaceae for Dyslipidemia: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Clinical Studies
Authors: Piragine Eugenia , Malanima Marco Andrea , Ceccanti Costanza , Guidi Lucia , Martelli Alma , Lucenteforte Ersilia , Calderone Vincenzo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTDyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Preclinical studies have shown that organosulfur compounds from the Alliaceae and Brassicaceae plants, such as garlic (Allium sativum L.) and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.), have potential lipid‐lowering effects. However, their clinical efficacy is controversial, especially in “drug‐free” patients. The aim of this work was to summarize evidence on the lipid‐lowering properties of extracts containing organosulfur compounds in patients with dyslipidemia. Studies were searched in four databases (Medline, Scopus, Embase, and CENTRAL), from inception to October 11, 2023.Controlled clinical studies on patients with dyslipidemia receiving Alliaceae or Brassicaceae were included. The outcome was the change in lipid parameters from baseline. Random‐effect meta‐analysis of the extracted data was performed using R software. The effect size was expressed as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The certainty of evidence was assessed with the GRADE approach. Out of 28 studies that were reviewed, 22 were included in the meta‐analysis (publication period: 1981–2022). Results showed that Alliaceae extracts significantly reduce total cholesterol [MD: −15.2 mg/dL; 95% CI: −21.3; −9.1] and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels [MD: −12.0 mg/dL; 95% CI: −18.1; −5.7], although with low certainty of evidence. Conversely, the lipid‐lowering properties of Brassicaceae extracts are still unexplored. Our results support the use of Alliaceae extracts in patients with hypercholesterolemia, but future high‐quality studies are needed. Our work suggests further exploration of the efficacy of Brassicaceae extracts, which may have high nutraceutical/phytotherapeutic potential, opening new perspectives in the management of dyslipidemia.
Technological Profile of Microreactor Based on Patent Analysis
Authors: Yang Lin , Yang Ang , Zhang Lijing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSince the concept of microreactor was first proposed in the 1980s, it has been entering the chemistry and chemical engineering fields at a high speed and is favored by both scientific and commercial fields. The development of microreactors has been extensively studied in the literature, but less analysis has been carried out from the perspective of industrial technology. This paper aims to identify, analyze, and map the technological profile of microreactors from the perspective of patents. Based on the text mining techniques, a quantitative analysis of 16,327 microreactor‐related patents in the Derwent Innovations Index database was conducted. The analysis reveals a consistent annual increase in the number of microreactor‐related patents from 1982 to 2021. Specifically, China emerges as the leading country in terms of patent disclosures, whereas the United States and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) play a crucial role in knowledge transfer. Moreover, this study identifies the technological evolution path for microreactors and analyzes in detail the key patents along this evolution path. Individuation, modularization, and greening are the developing directions of microreactor technology in the future. This research offers valuable guidance for researchers and industry professionals in decision‐making and driving advancements in microreactor technology.
Enhancing Pregnancy Care: Harnessing Label‐Free Immunosensors for Pre‐Eclampsia Detection Using PdNPs/Poly(3,5‐Diaminobenzoic Acid) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Soman Sithara , Ramakrishnan Kala , Warrier Tripti S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPlacental Growth factor (PlGF) is one of the biomarkers useful for detecting pregnancy hypertension disorder, Pre‐eclampsia. Herein, we focus on developing a label‐free immunosensor using simple electrochemical methods to detect PlGF antigens for pre‐eclampsia diagnosis. The work includes the electrochemical deposition of Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface using amperometry followed by electropolymerization of diaminobenzoic acid (DABA) onto the PdNPs/GCE. Antibody (aPlGF) was covalently immobilized on the pDABA/PdNPs/GCE using EDC/NHS reaction. The interaction of the antibody with the antigen was measured using differential pulse voltammetric technique. The linear range obtained for the immunosensor is 1–25 ng mL−1 with a limit of detection of 53 pg mL−1. The stability and reproducibility of the sensor were obtained in the acceptable range. The developed sensor was used to detect PlGF antigen in artificial blood and urine samples by spike recovery analysis.
Exploring the Potential of New 7‐Chloroquinoline‐benzylamine Hybrids as Antimicrobials: Synthesis, Biological Activity and MD Simulation Studies
Authors: Irfan Iram , Anwer Razique , Ali Asghar , Alrehaili Jihad , Hasan Phool , Abid Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNovel drug like chloroquinoline‐benzylamine hybrids were synthesized and subjected to comprehensive antibacterial evaluation in the present investigation. The pharmacological evaluation comprises determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), disk diffusion assay, hemolysis and combination assays against both Gram‐negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram‐positive (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains. Among all, 7‐chloroquinoline‐benzylamine hybrid bearing p‐bromophenyl substituent (SA11) demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy (MIC=128μg/mL) against the tested panel of Gram‐positive strains with no sign of toxicity towards human red blood cells (hRBCs). Furthermore, another hybrid with o‐hydroxyphenyl substitution (SA12) exhibited notable activity against the tested isolates with MIC values ranging from 64 to 256μg/mL. Molecular docking studies suggested compound SA11 binds within the active site of the biofilm causing protein (PDB: 7C7U) further supported by the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies at 100 ns. Compound SA11 exhibited significant efficacy in inhibiting S. aureus growth in the disk diffusion assay. Moreover, it displayed a synergistic effect when combined with ciprofloxacin (CIP), implying its potential utility in addressing antibiotic‐resistant bacterial strains through combination therapy. The pkCSM‐Pharmacokinetics assessment indicated favourable ADME profiles for SA11, supporting its potential as a viable drug candidate.
Self‐Assembled Ultra‐Long Hybrid Nanowire Formed by Simple Mixing: An Untapped Feature of Peroxydisulfate
Authors: Xu Chunxiao , Fu Yu , Wang Pu , Wang Lingli , Chen Jialin , Li Qingchao , Xia Yuqi , Zhang Zhen , Tang Yi , Liu Xiaojing , Qiu Sifan , Xue Yanna , Cao Jinhui , Wang Zhaohui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPeroxydisulfate (PDS), a popular molecule that is able to oxidize organic compounds, is garnering attention across various disciplines of chemistry, materials, pharmaceuticals, environmental remediation, and sustainability. Methylene blue (MB) is a model pollutant that can be readily oxidized by PDS‐derived radicals. Unlike the conventional degradation process, here a reversible “dissolution‐precipitation” phenomenon is discovered, triggered by a simple mixing of PDS and MB, revealing a novel application of PDS in fabricating self‐assembled ultra‐long nanowires with MB. This phenomenon is unique to PDS and MB, different from the traditional salting out or self‐aggregation of dyes. Formation of nanowires facilitated by electrostatic interaction between S+ and O− moieties and π–π stacking is reversible, controlled by temperature and the solvent polarity. MB1‐PDS‐MB2 configuration (MB: PDS = 2:1) is theoretically predicted by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and further validated by stoichiometric ratios of carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen in the obtained precipitates (MBO). This untapped feature of PDS enables the development of colorimetric quantitative detection of PDS and sustainable dye recycling. Far more than those demonstrated cases, the potentialities of MBO as a nanomaterial merit further exploration.
Honeycomb ZIF‐67 Membrane With Hierarchical Channels for High‐Permeance Gas Separation
Authors: Hu Xue , Li Zhiying , Li Jianbo , Jin Chuanlong , Bao Junjiang , Zhang Xiaopeng , Jiang Xiaobin , Zhang Ning , He Gaohong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMembrane technology exhibits low cost and high efficiency in gas separation. Zeolite‐imidazole framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) membrane shows a theoretically superior performance in H2/CO2 separation, owing to its effective size‐sieving pores between H2 and CO2. However, the gas molecules are permeate through a series of consecutive crystal cells of common ZIF‐67 polycrystalline membranes, resulting in high transport resistance to the gas permselective transport. To this end, this work employs a contra‐diffusion synthesis to construct a honeycomb ZIF‐67 (h‐ZIF67) crystalline membrane for low‐resistance H2/CO2 permselective transport. The controlled growth of h‐ZIF67 following the van der Drift theory produces the honeycomb polycrystal with hierarchical channels for low‐resistance gas permeation. The prepared membrane with micron‐scale thickness still achieves a H2 permeance as high as 1.6 × 10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 and a H2/CO2 selectivity of 17, which can be maintained after a long‐term operation for the H2/CO2 mixture separation.
Selective Electrooxidation of Crude Glycerol to Lactic Acid Coupled With Hydrogen Production at Industrially‐Relevant Current Density
Authors: Yan Yifan , Wang Qiangyu , Yang Jiangrong , Fu Yu , Shi Qiwei , Li Zhenhua , Zhang Jinli , Shao Mingfei , Duan Xue 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTransforming glycerol (GLY, biodiesel by‐product) into lactic acid (LA, biodegradable polymer monomer) through sustainable electrocatalysis presents an effective strategy to reduce biodiesel production costs and consequently enhance its applications. However, current research faces a trade‐off between achieving industrially‐relevant current density (>300 mA cm−2) and high LA selectivity (>80%), limiting technological advancement. Herein, a Au3Ag1 alloy electrocatalyst is developed that demonstrates exceptional LA selectivity (85%) under high current density (>400 mA cm−2). The current density can further reach 1022 mA cm−2 at 1.2 V versus RHE, superior to most previous reports for GLY electrooxidation. It is revealed that the Au3Ag1 alloy can enhance GLY adsorption and reactive oxygen species (OH*) generation, thereby significantly boosting activity. As a proof of concept, a homemade flow electrolyzer is constructed, achieving remarkable LA productivity of 68.9 mmol h−1 at the anode, coupled with efficient H2 production of 3.5 L h−1 at the cathode. To further unveil the practical possibilities of this technology, crude GLY extracted from peanut oil into LA is successfully transformed, while simultaneously producing H2 at the cathode. This work showcases a sustainable method for converting biodiesel waste into high‐value products and hydrogen fuel, promoting the broader application of biodiesel.
Unveiling the Influence of Water Molecules on the Structural Dynamics of Prussian Blue Analogues
Authors: Sada Krishnakanth , Greene Samuel M. , Kmiec Steven , Siegel Donald J. , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract3D‐framework Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are appealing as a cost‐effective, sustainable cathodes for Na‐ion batteries. However, the aqueous‐based synthesis of PBAs inherently introduces three different forms of water molecules (surface, interstitial and crystal) into the structure. Removal of water molecules causes phase transformation from monoclinic (M) to rhombohedral (R). This work presents the effects of water molecules on the structure before the phase transformation temperature, employing two promising PBA cathodes, Na2Fe[Fe(CN)6]·1.69H2O and Na2Mn[Fe(CN)6]·1.76H2O. Specifically, the water molecules impact the molecular interactions at the local structure and the electrochemical properties. This work has performed calculations on low‐vacancy Na2M[Fe(CN)6] PBAs (where M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) to understand the dehydration energy. Employing in situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, this work observes that water removal induces negative thermal expansion and stronger interactions between C≡N and Na ions, resulting in biphasic reactions with sluggish kinetics. Additionally, water molecules play a role in maintaining the open 3D tunnels and facilitating a solid‐solution like insertion of Na ions. Calculated phonon‐Raman spectra provide insights into cyanide group deformations, revealing the interactions between water molecules, alkali‐ions, and transition‐metal ions. This study enhances the understanding of the relationship among electronic, vibrational, and electrochemical properties.