bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetation cover of Brazil in the last 21 ka: New insights into the Amazonian refugia and Pleistocenic arc hypotheses
Authors: Arruda Daniel M. , Schaefer Carlos E. G. R. , Fonseca Rúbia S. , Solar Ricardo R. C. , Fernandes‐Filho Elpídio I. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimThe two main hypotheses about the Neotropical palaeovegetation, namely that of Amazonian refugia by Haffer and of the Pleistocene arc by Prado and Gibbs, are still constantly debated. We offer new insights on this debate using ecological niche modelling with combined climate–soil predictors to test both hypotheses, reconstruct the palaeovegetation of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21 ka) and Mid‐Holocene (Mid‐H; 6 ka) and indicate the configuration of refugia areas.LocationBrazil.Time periodLast 21 ka.Major taxa studiedBiomes.MethodsWe modelled the environmental space of the 10 most representative biomes with the RandomForest classifier, using climate predictors from three atmospheric general circulation models (CCSM4, MPI‐ESM‐P and MIROC‐ESM) and soil predictors, the same for the different situations. Based on the consensus among the models, we reconstructed the palaeovegetation cover for LGM and Mid‐H and used fossil pollen sites to validate the reconstructions in a direct comparison.ResultsThe climate in the past was cooler and wetter throughout most of the territory. The Amazon basin region was the most affected by climate change in the last 21 ka, with equatorial rain forest retracting to refugia areas, while the tropical rain forest (with climatic preferences similar to the Atlantic forest) expanded in the basin. In southern Brazil, the mixed forest (Araucaria forest) shifted to lower latitudes, while the grasslands expanded. In most biomes, the greatest changes occurred in the ecotonal zones, supported by pollen fossils.Main conclusionsWith regard to Haffer's hypothesis, the forests of the Amazonian lowlands retreated to refugia areas, while the colder and wetter climate of the basin created a favourable niche for another type of forest, instead of savanna. The advance of dry vegetation was restricted to ecotonal conditions, preventing the formation of a continuous Pleistocene arc, predicted by Prado and Gibbs's hypothesis.
Divergent effects of defoliation intensity and frequency on tiller growth and production dynamics of Pascopyrum smithii and Hesperostipa comata
Authors: Broadbent T. S. , Bork E. W. , Willms W. D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRotational stocking theoretically enables regrazing of regrowth, but regrowth may be limited in xerophytic vegetation. We tested the hypothesis that regrowth would be slow and fixed in Hesperostipa comata (a caespitose, drought‐tolerant grass), while growth would be flexible in Pascopyrum smithii (a rhizomatous, less drought‐tolerant grass) under increasing defoliation and moisture, by assessing tiller growth rates, population dynamics and plant yield on marked plants in a Dry Mixed Grass prairie. Plots were clipped in late summer to simulate a deferred control, or intermittently during the growing season (May–August) at high intensity–low frequency (HILF), low intensity–high frequency (LIHF) or high intensity–high frequency and crossed with two water treatments (ambient and addition) in both a xeric upland and a mesic lowland. Growing season defoliation increased tiller growth rates of P. smithii in the upland, whereas HILF and LIHF reduced growth in the lowland. All defoliation regimes increased tiller growth for H. comata. Tiller populations of H. comata increased with frequent defoliation, while tiller populations of P. smithii decreased regardless of defoliation regime. Frequent defoliation, regardless of intensity, reduced yield relative to the deferred control for both grasses. While water addition consistently increased growth rates and reduced differences in tiller number among defoliation treatments, the regrowth of both grasses remained similar under varied defoliation with ambient moisture. High moisture conditions also promoted regrowth more in P. smithii compared to H. comata. In summary, neither grass species displayed an inherently fixed or flexible tiller or plant yield response in response to defoliation or moisture.
Animal and forage responses on Maximus, a tetraploid cultivar vs Marshall, a diploid cultivar of annual ryegrass
Authors: Solomon J. K. Q. , Macoon B. , Lang D. J. , Vann R. C. , Ward S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis 2‐year grazing study carried out at Raymond, Mississippi, USA, evaluated animal performance and forage characteristics of a tetraploid (“Maximus”) vs a diploid cultivar (“Marshall”) of annual ryegrass at three stocking rates (SR; 3.5, 5.0 or 7.5 animals per ha). Angus cross‐bred heifers (Bos taurus; initial body weight [BW] = 240 kg) were continuously stocked on pastures at set stocking rates for the duration of the study. Stocking rates and cultivars were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial design that was completely randomized with two replications. There was no cultivar effect (p = .449) on average annual herbage mass (HM). However, HM decreased linearly with increasing SR (p = .001) from 3.8 to 2.5 t ha−1 during Year 1 and 4.4 to 3.8 t ha−1 during Year 2 (p = .028). In Year 2, there was a difference in water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) between cultivars (p = .012; Marshall, 117.0 vs Maximus, 139.0 g/kg). There was no cultivar effect (p > .10) on average daily gain (ADG) in either year of the study. In both years, ADG decreased linearly with increasing SR (p = .001) from 1.22 to 0.98 kg/d during Year 1 and 1.31 to 1.08 kg/d during Year 2. Across years, gain ha−1 increased linearly (p < .001) with increasing SR. Our results showed no difference in animal performance and HM between the two cultivars. Producers’ choice of annual ryegrass cultivar should be based on seeding cost and agronomic traits that allow for better adaptation of the forage.
‘What Sort of Nation?’: A Cultural History of Australians and their Federation
Authors: Holbrook Carolyn 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAustralia's foundational moment was steeped in democratic and civic optimism. At the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia, there existed a widely‐held belief that this was ‘the peoples' federation’. The people who had ignited the federation process after it stalled in the hands of the politicians would naturally become the custodians and protectors of the Constitution they had endorsed at referendum. They would simultaneously safeguard its democratic principles and amend the Constitution as necessary to ensure its suitability for the unforeseeable exigencies of the future. The high hopes of the ‘founding fathers’ about the civic engagement of the people have not been realised. Australians appear apathetic about and ignorant of their federal system. Yet, there is little knowledge beyond these broad impressions about Australians' attitudes, and the reasons for their civic indolence. This article argues that a cultural history of attachment to the Australian federation since 1901 can provide evidence of why federation reform has proved so difficult and suggest means of overcoming citizens' reluctance to amend the Constitution. Most significantly, it promises important insights about the relationship between civic engagement and the effective function of democratic government.
Early Segmentation Abilities in Preterm Infants
Authors: Berdasco‐Muñoz Elena , Nishibayashi Léo‐Lyuki , Baud Olivier , Biran Valérie , Nazzi Thierry 
Published: October 2017

Infants born preterm have higher risks of developing linguistic deficits. Considering that the ability to segment words from fluent speech is crucial for lexical acquisition, Experiment 1 tested the ability of healthy extremely‐to‐late preterm infants to segment monosyllabic words at 6 months of postnatal age. Results establish basic segmentation skills in these infants. While we failed to find an effect of the degree of prematurity, this issue will need further exploration. Future studies will also have to specify the scope of these early segmentation skills, both in terms of the types of words segmented, the cues used to do so, and in terms of possible differences in performance between subgroups of preterm infants (e.g., based on gestational age or medical risks). Lastly, given that the preterm infants tested had a mean maturational age of 4 months, Experiment 2 explored monosyllabic segmentation in full‐term 4‐month olds. Infants succeeded at the task, providing the earliest developmental evidence of word segmentation in full‐term infants. These findings better specify the early trajectory of segmentation abilities in both full‐term and healthy, low‐risk preterm infants and support the proposal that prematurity might have a differential effect on the early acquisition of various linguistic levels.
The Effect of Maternal Mirroring Behavior on Infants’ Early Social Bidding During the Still‐Face Task
Authors: Bigelow Ann E. , Power Michelle , Bulmer Maria , Gerrior Katlyn 
Published: October 2017

Maternal mirroring behavior, which is a particularly salient form of maternal responsiveness, was investigated as a predictor of infants’ social bids in the Still‐Face Task. Mother–infant dyads engaged in the Still‐Face Task when infants were 5 months, on the cusp of the active emergence of social bidding during the still‐face phase of the task. Maternal mirroring of infants’ behavior during the interactive phases of the task was a primary predictor of infants’ social bids in the still‐face phase. When infants were divided into those who experienced higher maternal mirroring (maternal mirroring above the mean of the sample) and infants who experienced lower maternal mirroring (maternal mirroring at or below the mean), infants with higher maternal mirroring showed increases in nondistress vocalizations during the still‐face phase, indicative of social bidding, whereas the infants with lower maternal mirroring showed little change in nondistress vocalizations across the phases. Maternal mirroring allows infants to readily notice the relation between their own behaviors and those of their mothers, which may enhance infants’ early understanding that they can be active agents in instigating social interactions, as demonstrated by social bidding.
Becoming a Communicative Partner: Infant Contingent Responsiveness to Maternal Language and Gestures
Authors: Kuchirko Yana , Tafuro Lisa , Tamis LeMonda Catherine S. 
Published: October 2017

Infant contingent responsiveness to maternal language and gestures was examined in 190 Mexican American, Dominican American, and African American infant–mother dyads when infants were 14 and 24 months. Dyads were video‐recorded during book‐sharing and play. Videos were coded for the timing of infants’ vocalizations and gestures and mothers’ referential language (i.e., statements that inform infants about objects and events in the world; e.g., “That's a big doggy!”), regulatory language (i.e., statements that regulate infants’ attention or actions; e.g., “Look at that”, “Put it down!”), and gestures. Infants of all three ethnicities responded within 3 sec of mothers’ language and gestures, increased their responsiveness over development, and displayed specificity in their responses: They vocalized and gestured following mothers’ referential language and gestures, but were less likely than chance to communicate following mothers’ regulatory language. At an individual level, responsive infants had responsive mothers.
Firm and country determinants of debt maturity: New international evidence
Authors: González Víctor M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper shows the influence of firm‐ and country‐level determinants on debt maturity structure for 39 countries during the period 1995–2012. Efficiency of the legal system, protection of creditors' rights and bank concentration show a positive relationship with debt maturity, while the weight of banks in the economy has a negative effect on firm debt maturity. The positive influence of bank concentration on corporate debt maturity reveals that creditors are more likely to extend debt maturity when the bank credit market is concentrated. This positive effect of bank concentration is reduced in high quality institutional environments. Moreover, the effects of bank concentration and the weight of banks in the economy on corporate debt maturity are higher in smaller firms.
Time‐Varying Investor Herding in Chinese Stock Markets
Authors: Li Haiqi , Liu Ying , Park Sung Y. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe develop several new time‐varying coefficient regression models to investigate herding behavior in Chinese stock markets. We find evidence that herding behavior occurs during turbulent periods rather than periods of relative tranquility, which does not appear when using a conventional fixed‐coefficient regression model. Moreover, the US return dispersion had a significant influence on Chinese stock markets before 2015 but not in 2015. Finally, the herding shows significant asymmetry.
Ontogeny of the jaws of monogonont rotifers: the malleate trophi of Rhinoglena and Proalides (Ploima, Epiphanidae)
Authors: De Smet Willem H. , Segers Hendrik 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInformation on the embryonic development of the malleate trophi in Epiphanidae (Rotifera, Monogononta, Ploima) is presented, based on scanning electron microscopy observations in Rhinoglena fertoeensis, R. frontalis, R. kutikovae, R. tokioensis, and Proalides tentaculatus, to contribute to the understanding of this structure of high evolutionary and functional relevance in Rotifera. The first observable and distinctly sclerotized structures were a double row of median transversal sclerites along the longitudinal axis, wherein the future unci, rostellar scleropili, cristae rami, and basal apophyses became recognizable. Fulcrum and manubria arose subsequently; the fulcrum sclerites were longitudinally ordered in a double layer. The rami chambers developed last as lamellar structures. Unci appeared as separate thin, elongate elements, the primary uncini, developing to uncus plates by transversal growth and apposition of sclerite material on the shafts of the uncini. The heads of the uncini showed their greatest development after fusion of their shafts into uncus plates. The interjacent spaces between the heads functioned as a mold, organizing bundles of sclerites which developed into the uniseriate, zigzag‐shaped cristae rami. The fulcrum attained its definite shape by elongation of the double layer of rod‐shaped sclerites into appressed sclerofibrillae. Manubria became visible as a proximal ridge of sclerites, whereupon a triangular lamella composed of crisscross‐oriented sclerites developed distally, growing out to the manubrial chambers. Ramus chambers originated from two longitudinal amorphous lamellae incorporating the median rami sclerites and closing from distal to proximal; subbasal chambers were formed before the basal chambers.
The Impact of Entrepreneurial Leadership on Nurses’ Innovation Behavior
Authors: Bagheri Afsaneh , Akbari Morteza 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the influence of entrepreneurial leadership on nurses’ innovation work behavior and its dimensions.Design and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study employed the 10‐item Innovation Work Behavior Questionnaire and the 8‐item Entrepreneurial Leadership Questionnaire to explore the impact of entrepreneurial leadership on the innovation work behavior of 273 nurses from public and private hospitals in Iran.FindingsEntrepreneurial leadership had a significant positive impact on nurses’ innovation work behavior and most strongly improved idea exploration, followed by idea generation, idea implementation, and idea championing.ConclusionsEntrepreneurial leadership was effective in enhancing nurses’ innovation work behavior. More attention needs to be focused on developing entrepreneurial leadership competencies and on developing nurse leaders.Clinical RelevanceHealthcare policies and strategies are needed to facilitate the implementation of entrepreneurial leadership by providing healthcare leaders with the appropriate environment.
A novel combination regimen with intense focused ultrasound and pressure‐ and dose‐controlled transcutaneous pneumatic injection of hypertonic glucose solution for lifting and tightening of the aging face
Authors: Kwon Hyuck Hoon , Choi Sun Chul , Park Kyung‐Hoon , Jung Jae Yoon 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundIntense focused ultrasound (IFUS) has demonstrated moderate efficacy for facial laxity of the aging face. Pressure‐ and dose‐controlled transcutaneous pneumatic injections of hypertonic glucose solution (TPIG) are a minimally invasive way to deliver solution into the skin for therapeutic purposes. Recently, its application around temporal areas is known to exert early‐onset lifting effects with facial contour rejuvenation.AimsWe sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this novel combination regimen with IFUS and TPIG for lifting and tightening of aging face.Patients and MethodsTwenty‐two Korean subjects with mild‐to‐moderate facial skin laxity were evaluated after receiving a sequential single session of IFUS and TPIG treatments. Dermatologists’ objective assessments for general appearance, and mid‐ and low faces based on photographic images were performed at 1‐ and 12‐week post‐treatment follow‐ups. Patients’ subjective assessments were also conducted. Skin biopsies were taken at baseline and the last visit.ResultsAmong 22 subjects, twenty (91%) demonstrated improvement after 12‐week follow‐up. We also observed similarly improved state just after 1 week of treatments (82%: 18/22). Specifically, improvement of the mid‐face was evident from the first week, while the progress of the low face improvement was observed at the twelve week. Subjective assessments paralleled these findings. No seriously adverse effect was observed during procedures. Histologic evaluation showed greater dermal collagen fibers throughout the dermis after treatments.ConclusionCombination treatment with IFUS and TPIG has beneficial effects for skin lifting and tightening with early‐onset time.
Effectiveness of a handmade “New Carotid Catheter” in transradial carotid angiography: A comparison with conventional multipurpose catheters
Authors: Balaban Yakup 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe incidence and severity of carotid atherosclerosis increases in proportion with coronary artery disease and its severity. A special catheter specifically used for transradial carotid angiography has not yet been marketed. In this study, we investigate the feasibility and safety of our carotid catheter, which was made by reshaping currently available catheters.MethodsBetween 2010 and 2017, a total of 921 patients with indications for carotid angiography were identified after angiographic examinations and included in the study. Carotid angiography was performed in 403 patients (female, n = 161) using the 3.5 JL catheter, while in 518 (female, n = 207) patients, new catheters were employed. The new catheter was shaped like a hook in the laboratory with a heat gun. Demographic information and angiographic data from the patients in both groups were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe baseline characteristics of both groups were comparable. When compared with the use of a 3.5 JL catheter, right transradial carotid angiographies performed with our new handmade catheter resulted in lesser amounts of opaque material used (55 mL vs 66 mL, P < 0.001) and shorter total fluoroscopy time, (3.60 ± 1.85 min vs 3.14 ± 1.55 min, P < 0.001). The handmade catheter also resulted in a higher success rate of selective visualization (97% vs 40%, P < 0.001). Rates of minor complication were comparable between the two catheters (6.5% vs 6.6% P = 234). Neither permanent damage nor morbidity or mortality was observed in either arm.DiscussionCurrently available catheters and methods are inadequate for routine transradial carotid angiography. For routine transradial carotid angiography, innovatively designed catheters are required. The catheter we developed for transradial carotid angiography was more successful than the conventional catheter in obtaining satisfactory images. High quality images can be obtained with the newly designed catheters.ConclusionTransradial carotid angiography can be performed using our newly developed carotid catheter. The carotid arteries of patients with widespread coronary artery disease can be visualized, while asymptomatic patients carrying a high risk of stroke can be treated, preventing potential stroke occurrence. In a larger‐scale comparative study, the favorable contributions of routine use of the new method and a decreased frequency of stroke may be demonstrated.
Local context influences memory for emotional stimuli but not electrophysiological markers of emotion‐dependent attention
Authors: Barnacle Gemma E. , Tsivilis Dimitris , Schaefer Alexandre , Talmi Deborah 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEmotional enhancement of free recall can be context dependent. It is readily observed when emotional and neutral scenes are encoded and recalled together in a “mixed” list, but diminishes when these scenes are encoded separately in “pure” lists. We examined the hypothesis that this effect is due to differences in allocation of attention to neutral stimuli according to whether they are presented in mixed or pure lists, especially when encoding is intentional. Using picture stimuli that were controlled for semantic relatedness, our results contradicted this hypothesis. The amplitude of well‐known electrophysiological markers of emotion‐related attention—the early posterior negativity (EPN), the late positive potential (LPP), and the slow wave (SW)—was higher for emotional stimuli. Crucially, the emotional modulation of these ERPs was insensitive to list context, observed equally in pure and mixed lists. Although list context did not modulate neural markers of emotion‐related attention, list context did modulate the effect of emotion on free recall. The apparent decoupling of the emotional effects on attention and memory, challenges existing hypotheses accounting for the emotional enhancement of memory. We close by discussing whether findings are more compatible with an alternative hypothesis, where the magnitude of emotional memory enhancement is, at least in part, a consequence of retrieval dynamics.
The effect of macroeconomic variables on the opening of antidumping measures: A robust analysis for Brazilian and Argentine economy
Authors: de Azevedo Couto Firme Vinícius , Fóffano Vasconcelos Cláudio R. , Silva de Mattos Rogério 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes the influence of macroeconomic factors on the introduction of antidumping (AD) cases in Brazil and in Argentina. Since this type of research does not have large samples, the relevant variables were selected via Sala‐i‐Martin's (1997) test. The results, estimated using Poisson models, revealed that Brazil and Argentina are influenced by macroeconomic factors. However, the traditional (aggregated) models tend to minimize this influence on Brazil and overestimate it on Argentina. We also found that domestic and foreign income growth, exchange rate devaluation, and a reduction in domestic prices could reduce the number of AD cases in both countries. Therefore, there is evidence that these countries are using the AD law as a political tool, shifting it from its main objective of avoiding unfair trade.