bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the impact of population ageing on the future provision of end-of-life care? Population-based projections of place of death
Authors: Bone Anna E , Gomes Barbara , Etkind Simon N , Verne Julia , Murtagh Fliss EM , Evans Catherine J , Higginson Irene J 
Published: October 2017

Background: Population ageing represents a global challenge for future end-of-life care. Given new trends in place of death, it is vital to examine where the rising number of deaths will occur in future years and implications for health and social care. Aim: To project where people will die from 2015 to 2040 across all care settings in England and Wales. Design: Population-based trend analysis and projections using simple linear modelling. Age- and gender-specific proportions of deaths in hospital, care home, home, hospice and ‘other’ were applied to numbers of expected future deaths. Setting/population: All deaths (2004–2014) from death registration data and predicted deaths (2015–2040) from official population forecasts in England and Wales. Results: Annual deaths are projected to increase from 501,424 in 2014 (38.8% aged 85 years and over) to 635,814 in 2040 (53.6% aged 85 years and over). Between 2004 and 2014, proportions of home and care home deaths increased (18.3%–22.9% and 16.7%– 21.2%) while hospital deaths declined (57.9%–48.1%). If current trends continue, numbers of deaths in care homes and homes will increase by 108.1% and 88.6%, with care home the most common place of death by 2040. If care home capacity does not expand and additional deaths occur in hospital, hospital deaths will start rising by 2023. Conclusion: To sustain current trends, end-of-life care provision in care homes and the community needs to double by 2040. An infrastructure across care settings that supports rising annual deaths is urgently needed; otherwise, hospital deaths will increase.
Risky Sexual Behavior of Senior Secondary School Students in an Urban Community of Oyo State, South West Nigeria
Authors: Idowu Ajibola , Ayodele Aremu O. , Omotade Popoola G. , Anu Olowookere S. , Omolola Fehintola F. 
Published: October 2017

Background: Young people worldwide are now at increased risk of unsafe sexual behavior; it is thus imperative to understand the determinants of such practices among them. Study objective: To assess factors associated with Risky Sexual Behavior (RSB) among secondary school students in Nigeria. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted using multistage sampling technique among 375 secondary school students in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. A pretested questionnaire was used for data collection; chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were done. Result: Overall, 23.0% of the respondents had at least one RSB; students not in steady relationships were 5 times more likely to have RSB ( OR = 4.50, 95% CI [2.66, 7.71]). Also, respondents who had positive attitude toward RSB had 24% increased odds of RSB practice compared with those with negative attitude ( OR = 23.75, 95%CI [2.48, 22.78]). Conclusion: The burden of RSB is high among secondary school students in South West Nigeria. There is urgent need for reprogramming of sex education for the Nigerian secondary school students.
National awareness campaign to prevent medication-overuse headache in Denmark
Authors: Carlsen Louise Ninett , Westergaard Maria Lurenda , Bisgaard Mette , Schytz Julie Brogaard , Jensen Rigmor Højland 
Published: October 2017

Background Medication-overuse headache is prevalent, but in principle preventable. Objective To describe the Danish national awareness campaign for medication-overuse headache. Methods The Danish Headache Center, the Association of Danish Pharmacies, and headache patient organizations implemented a four-month medication-overuse headache awareness campaign in 2016. Target groups were the general public, general practitioners, and pharmacists. Key messages were: Overuse of pain-medication can worsen headaches; pain-medication should be used rationally; and medication-overuse headache is treatable. A range of communication technologies was used. A survey on the public’s awareness of medication-overuse headache was conducted. Results The Danish adult population is 4.2 million. Online videos were viewed 297,000 times in three weeks. All 400 pharmacies received campaign materials. Over 28,000 leaflets were distributed. Two radio interviews were conducted. A television broadcast about headache reached an audience of 520,000. Forty articles were published in print media. Information was accessible at 32 reputable websites and five online news agencies. Three scientific papers were published. Information was available at an annual conference of general practitioners, including a headache lecture. The survey showed an increase in percentage of the public who knew about medication-overuse headache (from 31% to 38%). Conclusion A concerted campaign to prevent medication-overuse headache can be implemented through involvement of key stakeholders.
Suvorexant: scientifically interesting, utility uncertain
Authors: Keks Nicholas A , Hope Judy , Keogh Simone 
Published: October 2017

Objective: Suvorexant, a new hypnotic, is indicated for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance, and is used long-term. This paper will briefly review suvorexant. Results: Orexin is a hypothalamic peptide which promotes wakefulness. By blocking orexin receptors, suvorexant induces sleep. Peaking 2 h after ingestion, it has a half-life of 12 h and is hepatically metabolized mainly by CYP3A. Kinetics are not affected by age but concentrations are higher in females and obese patients. There may be interactions with benzodiazepines, antidepressants and antipsychotics. Suvorexant is available in 15 mg and 20 mg doses at which benefits are moderate: after three months’ treatment users fell asleep 6 min faster and slept 16 min longer than those on placebo. Studies with 40 mg showed greater benefits but more side effects: next day somnolence, fatigue, xerostomia and peripheral oedema. Hallucinations, sleep paralysis and somnambulism occur rarely. Tolerance, withdrawal and rebound do not generally occur at recommended doses. Conclusion: Suvorexant has not been trialled against other hypnotics, is expensive and its utility for insomnia in patients with psychiatric disorders is unknown. Currently, use of suvorexant could be considered where more established treatments are inappropriate.
PTSD symptoms associated with myocardial infarction: practical clinical implications
Authors: Akosile Wole , Young Ross , Lawford Bruce , Voisey Joanne , Colquhoun David 
Published: October 2017

Objectives: Several studies have demonstrated a link between post-traumatic stress disorder and myocardial infarction. We aim to determine what phenotypic features or symptom profile associated with cardiovascular disease may help with early detection and intervention. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The study population comprises trauma-exposed Vietnam War veterans. Results: Variables significantly associated with myocardial infarction from the bivariate analysis were avoidance memories, avoidance reminders and sleep disturbance. These variables were put into a logistic regression with known risk factors for myocardial infarction. Only sleep disturbance retained its effect, with a p-value of 0.015. Conclusions: It is concluded that sleep disturbance may be a modifiable risk factor in the treatment and prevention of myocardial infarction.
Preliminary Validation of the HS-QoL: A Quality-of-Life Measure for Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: McLellan Chelsea , Sisic Mia , Oon Hazel H. , Tan Jerry 
Published: October 2017

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with adverse physical and psychosocial impacts. The development of an HS quality-of-life measure, HS-QoL, has been recently described. Objective: This study was designed to validate the HS-QoL. Method: Fifty-five patients with HS from 4 dermatology clinics completed the 30-minute online survey. Item reduction, reliability (internal consistency), and correlation analysis (to assess convergent validity) were conducted. Results: The HS-QoL was reduced from 53 items to 44 items, resulting in a 7-subscale questionnaire. All subscales demonstrated excellent internal consistency, except for the support subscale, which had adequate internal consistency. All 7 HS-QoL subscales were related to other measures of QoL, life satisfaction, and mental health, which demonstrates convergent validity. Conclusion: The 44-item HS-QoL demonstrated strong preliminary evidence of reliability (internal consistency) and convergent validity.
The EU project “United4Health”: Results and experiences from automatic health status assessment in a Norwegian telemedicine trial system
Authors: Gerdes Martin , Gallefoss Frode , Fensli Rune Werner 
Published: October 2017

Introduction Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease require help in daily life situations to increase their individual perception of security, especially under worsened medical conditions. Unnecessary hospital (re-)admissions and home visits by doctors or nurses shall be avoided. This study evaluates the results from a two-year telemedicine field trial for automatic health status assessment based on remote monitoring and analysis of a long time series of vital signs data from patients at home over periods of weeks or months. Methods After discharge from hospital treatment for acute exacerbations, 94 patients were recruited for follow-up by the trial system. The system supported daily measurements of pulse and transdermal peripheral capillary oxygen saturation at patients’ homes, a symptom-specific questionnaire, and provided nurses trained to use telemedicine (“telenurses”) with an automatically generated health status overview of all monitored patients. A colour code (green/yellow/red) indicated whether the patient was stable or had a notable deterioration, while red alerts highlighted those in most urgent need of follow-up. The telenurses could manually overwrite the status level based on the patients’ conditions observed through video consultation. Results Health status evaluation in 4970 telemonitor datasets were assessed retrospectively. The automatic health status determination (subgroup of 33 patients) showed green status at 46% of the days during a one-month monitoring period, 28% yellow status, and 19% red status (no data reported at 7% of the days). The telenurses manually downrated approximately 10% of the red or yellow alerts. Discussion The evaluation of the defined real-time health status assessment algorithms, which involve static rules with personally adapted elements, shows limitations to adapt long-term home monitoring with adequate interpretation of day-to-day changes in the patient’s condition. Thus, due to the given sensitivity and specificity of such algorithms, it seems challenging to avoid false high alerts.
A preliminary investigation into the discriminant and ecological validity of the athletic ability assessment in elite Australian rules football
Authors: Garrett Joel M , McKeown Ian , Burgess Darren J , Woods Carl T , Eston Roger G 
Published: October 2017

Objectives: To establish the discriminant validity of the athletic ability assessment in elite Australian rules football. Secondarily, to examine the association between athletic ability assessment and maximum running velocity extracted from elite Australian rules football game-play. Methods: To establish the discriminant validity of the athletic ability assessment, 43 Australian Football League players from one club were split into two groups based upon playing status; ‘starters’ ( n = 17; selected in 50% of the first 10 games of the Australian Football League season), ‘non-starters’ ( n = 26; not selected in 50% of the first 10 games of the Australian Football League season). Each group performed a modified version of the athletic ability assessment consisting of five foundational athletic movements. An independent-sampled t-test modelled the effect of player group (starters; non-starters) on the total score and for each individual exercise. Pearson product moment correlation was also conducted to establish the association between maximum running velocity and athletic ability assessment. Results: The starters attained a significantly greater total mean score on the athletic ability assessment ( d = 1.04, p < 0.05), overhead squat ( d = 0.96, p < 0.05), double lunge left ( d = 0.64, p < 0.05), single leg Romanian deadlift left ( d = 1.19, p < 0.05) and right single leg Romanian dead lift ( d = 0.79, p < 0.05) relative to the non-starters. Also noted were moderate, positive correlations between maximum running velocity and athletic ability assessment ( r = 0.31–0.46; p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results support the use of the athletic ability assessment to measure movement competency in elite Australian rules football. Accordingly, physical development coaches may consider its integration in high-performance training programs.
Chd7 deficiency delays leukemogenesis in mice induced by Cbfb-MYH11
Authors: Zhen Tao , Kwon Erika M. , Zhao Ling , Hsu Jingmei , Hyde R. Katherine , Lu Ying , Alemu Lemlem , Speck Nancy A. , Liu P. Paul 
Published: October 2017

Key Points
CHD7 interacts with CBFβ-SMMHC through RUNX1 and modulates their gene expression regulation. CHD7 is important for CBFB-MYH11 leukemogenesis in the mouse model.
Platelet interaction with activated endothelium: mechanistic insights from microfluidics
Authors: Coenen Daniëlle M. , Mastenbroek Tom G. , Cosemans Judith M. E. M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Traditionally, in vitro flow chamber experiments and in vivo arterial thrombosis studies have been proved to be of vital importance to elucidate the mechanisms of platelet thrombus formation after vessel wall injury. In recent years, it has become clear that platelets also act as modulators of inflammatory processes, such as atherosclerosis. A key element herein is the complex cross talk between platelets, the coagulation system, leukocytes, and the activated endothelium. This review provides insight into the platelet-endothelial interface, based on in vitro flow chamber studies and cross referenced with in vivo thrombosis studies. The main mechanisms of platelet interaction with the activated endothelium encompass (1) platelet rolling via interaction of platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX-V with endothelial-released von Willebrand factor with a supporting role for the P-selectin/P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 axis, followed by (2) firm platelet adhesion to the endothelium via interaction of platelet αIIbβ3 with endothelial αvβ3 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and (3) a stimulatory role for thrombin, the thrombospondin-1/CD36 axis and cyclooxygenase 1 in subsequent platelet activation and stable thrombus formation. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying the stimulatory effect of platelets on leukocyte transendothelial migration, a key mediator of atheroprogression, are discussed. Throughout the review, emphasis is placed on recommendations for setting up, reporting, interpreting, and comparing endothelial-lined flow chamber studies and suggestions for future studies.
Efficacy of venetoclax as targeted therapy for relapsed/refractory t(11;14) multiple myeloma
Authors: Kumar Shaji , Kaufman Jonathan L. , Gasparetto Cristina , Mikhael Joseph , Vij Ravi , Pegourie Brigitte , Benboubker Lofti , Facon Thierry , Amiot Martine , Moreau Philippe , Punnoose Elizabeth A. , Alzate Stefanie , Dunbar Martin , Xu Tu , Agarwal Suresh K. , Enschede Sari Heitner , Leverson Joel D. , Ross Jeremy A. , Maciag Paulo C. , Verdugo Maria , Touzeau Cyrille 
Published: October 2017

Key Points
Venetoclax monotherapy at a daily dose up to 1200 mg has an acceptable safety profile in patients with relapsed/refractory MM. Venetoclax monotherapy has demonstrated antimyeloma activity in patients with relapsed/refractory MM positive for t(11;14).
Novel approaches to hemophilia therapy: successes and challenges
Authors: Arruda Valder R. , Doshi Bhavya S. , Samelson-Jones Benjamin J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
New therapies for hemophilia A and hemophilia B will likely continue to change clinical practice. Ranging from extended half-life to nonfactor products and gene therapy, these innovative approaches have the potential to enhance the standard of care by decreasing infusion frequency to increase compliance, promoting prophylaxis, offering alternatives to inhibitor patients, and easing route of administration. Each category has intrinsic challenges that may limit the broader application of these promising therapies. To date, none specifically address the challenge of dispersing treatment to the developing world.
Respective contribution of the cephalic neural crest and mesoderm to SIX1-expressing head territories in the avian embryo
Authors: Fonseca Barbara F. , Couly Gérard , Dupin Elisabeth 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background
Vertebrate head development depends on a series of interactions between many cell populations of distinct embryological origins. Cranial mesenchymal tissues have a dual embryonic source: - the neural crest (NC), which generates most of craniofacial skeleton, dermis, pericytes, fat cells, and tenocytes; and - the mesoderm, which yields muscles, blood vessel endothelia and some posterior cranial bones. The molecular players that orchestrate co-development of cephalic NC and mesodermal cells to properly construct the head of vertebrates remain poorly understood. In this regard, Six1 gene, a vertebrate homolog of Drosophila Sine Oculis, is known to be required for development of ear, nose, tongue and cranial skeleton. However, the embryonic origin and fate of Six1-expressing cells have remained unclear. In this work, we addressed these issues in the avian embryo model by using quail-chick chimeras, cephalic NC cultures and immunostaining for SIX1.

Results
Our data show that, at early NC migration stages, SIX1 is expressed by mesodermal cells but excluded from the NC cells (NCC). Then, SIX1 becomes widely expressed in NCC that colonize the pre-otic mesenchyme. In contrast, in the branchial arches (BAs), SIX1 is present only in mesodermal cells that give rise to jaw muscles. At later developmental stages, the distribution of SIX1-expressing cells in mesoderm-derived tissues is consistent with a possible role of this factor in the myogenic program of all types of head muscles, including pharyngeal, extraocular and tongue muscles. In NC derivatives, SIX1 is notably expressed in perichondrium and chondrocytes of the nasal septum and in the sclera, although other facial cartilages such as Meckel’s were negative at the stages considered. Moreover, in cephalic NC cultures, chondrocytes and myofibroblasts, not the neural and melanocytic cells express SIX1.

Conclusion
The present results point to a dynamic tissue-specific expression of SIX1 in a variety of cephalic NC- and mesoderm-derived cell types and tissues, opening the way for further analysis of Six1 function in the coordinated development of these two cellular populations during vertebrate head formation.
Etiological factors in hallux valgus, a three‐dimensional analysis of the first metatarsal
Authors: Ota Tomohiko , Nagura Takeo , Kokubo Tetsuro , Kitashiro Masateru , Ogihara Naomichi , Takeshima Kenichiro , Seki Hiroyuki , Suda Yasunori , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundIt has been reported that hallux valgus (HV) is associated with axial rotation of the first metatarsal (1MT). However, the association between HV and torsion of the 1MT head with respect to the base has not been previously investigated. The present study examined whether there was a significant difference in 1MT torsion between HV and control groups.MethodsThree‐dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) scans of 39 ft were obtained, and 3D surface models of the 1MT were generated to quantify the torsion of the head with respect to the base. The HV group consisted of 27 ft from 27 women (69.5 ± 7.5 years old). Only the feet of HV patients with an HV angle >20° on weight‐bearing radiography were selected for analysis. The control group consisted of 12 ft from 12 women (67.7 ± 7.2 years old). In a virtual 3D space, two unit vectors, which describe the orientation of the 1MT head and base, were calculated. The angle formed by these two unit vectors representing 1MT torsion was compared between the control and hallux valgus groups.ResultsThe mean (± standard deviation) of the torsional angle of the 1MT was 17.6 (± 7.7)° and 4.7 (± 4.0)° in the HV and control groups, respectively, and the difference was significant (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThis is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, to investigate 1MT torsion in HV patients using CT‐based 3D analysis. The 1MT showed significant eversion in hallux valgus patients compared to control group patients.
A functional analysis of TOEFAZ1 uncovers protein domains essential for cytokinesis in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Sinclair-Davis Amy N. , McAllaster Michael R. , de Graffenried Christopher L. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
The parasite Trypanosoma brucei is highly polarized, including a flagellum that is attached along the cell surface by the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ). During cell division, the new FAZ positions the cleavage furrow, which ingresses from the anterior tip of the cell towards the posterior. We recently identified TOEFAZ1 (for ‘Tip of the Extending FAZ protein 1’) as an essential protein in trypanosome cytokinesis. Here, we analyzed the localization and function of TOEFAZ1 domains by performing overexpression and RNAi complementation experiments. TOEFAZ1 comprises three domains with separable functions: an N-terminal α-helical domain that may be involved in FAZ recruitment, a central intrinsically disordered domain that keeps the morphogenic kinase TbPLK at the new FAZ tip, and a C-terminal zinc finger domain necessary for TOEFAZ1 oligomerization. Both the N-terminal and C-terminal domains are essential for TOEFAZ1 function, but TbPLK retention at the FAZ is not necessary for cytokinesis. The feasibility of alternative cytokinetic pathways that do not employ TOEFAZ1 are also assessed. Our results show that TOEFAZ1 is a multimeric scaffold for recruiting proteins that control the timing and location of cleavage furrow ingression.
Pib2 and the EGO complex are both required for activation of TORC1
Authors: Varlakhanova Natalia V. , Mihalevic Michael J. , Bernstein Kara A. , Ford Marijn G. J. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
The TORC1 complex is a key regulator of cell growth and metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The vacuole-associated EGO complex couples activation of TORC1 to the availability of amino acids, specifically glutamine and leucine. The EGO complex is also essential for reactivation of TORC1 following rapamycin-induced growth arrest and for its distribution on the vacuolar membrane. Pib2, a FYVE-containing phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P)-binding protein, is a newly discovered and poorly characterized activator of TORC1. Here, we show that Pib2 is required for reactivation of TORC1 following rapamycin-induced growth arrest. Pib2 is required for EGO complex-mediated activation of TORC1 by glutamine and leucine as well as for redistribution of Tor1 on the vacuolar membrane. Therefore, Pib2 and the EGO complex cooperate to activate TORC1 and connect phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling and TORC1 activity.