bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Malawian Children with Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Wynkoop Hunter J. , Bevan Alistair , Galeano Xochilt , Raees Madiha , Haque Md Rejuan , Taylor Terrie , O’Brien Nicole F. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT.
More than 1,000 children under 5 years of age die every day from malaria. Cerebral malaria (CM) is the most severe and deadly manifestation of the disease. The occurrence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) has been associated with increased mortality in adult patients with CM. However, little is known about the frequency and severity of MODS in children with CM. This was a retrospective study of 199 pediatric patients with CM admitted to a referral hospital in Blantyre, Malawi, between January 2019 and May 2023. Data were abstracted from charts to calculate scores using four established scoring systems: Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 (PELOD-2), Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA), Signs of Inflammation in Children that Can Kill (SICK), and Lambaréné Organ Dysfunction Score (LODS). Mortality was 16% (n = 32). All four scoring systems were predictive of mortality, but the PELOD-2 and pSOFA scores outperformed the others with area under the curve values of 0.75 and 0.67, respectively. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was diagnosed in 182 patients (91%) using the PELOD-2 score, 172 patients (86%) using the pSOFA score, 99 patients (50%) using the SICK score, and 30 patients (15%) using the LODS. The PELOD-2 and pSOFA identify MODS in children with CM but require laboratory-based testing that is often unavailable in malaria-endemic areas. Furthermore, these scoring systems may identify primary malarial disease pathology rather than true organ dysfunction. Simplified scoring systems designed to recognize and quantify MODS in this patient population may provide opportunities for improved resource allocation and timely, organ-specific treatment.
Using Social Media among English Major Students at Hebron University, Palestine
Authors: Farrah Mohammed , Dabbas Batool Hussein 
Published: October 2024

With the increasing integration of social media into educational settings, understanding its role in the lives of students has become essential. This study explores the usage patterns and perceptions of social media among English major students at Hebron University. The study has been analysed for the second semester of 2023/2024 academic year with a sample of 100 students, 74 are females and 26 are males. They are between 18 and 22. The researchers designed a questionnaire via Google Forms. Participants were given the questionnaire electronically through WhatsApp and email. Quantitative analysis techniques were used to analyse responses. SPSS program. The study suggested some recommendations that can be used at the university. The results of this research highlight the correlation between social media use and the univerity and personal lives of English major students at Hebron University.
Effect of different doses of whey proteins on muscle strength, body composition and gene expression of mTOR and MuRF-1 in trained Wistar rats
Authors: Furtado Marques Raphael , Campos de Macedo Marcos Roberto , Santiago Silva Alanna Joselle , Castello Branco Vidal Flavia , Neves Amorim Carlos Eduardo , Coppi Navarro Antônio , Navarro Francisco 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The combination of resistance training (RT) and whey protein supplementation (WPS) is widely practiced by both athletes and recreational exercisers to promote muscle growth and increase strength. Objectiveː This study examined the effect of different doses of whey proteins on muscle strength, body composition and gene expression of mTOR and MuRF-1 in trained Wistar rats. Methodsː 80 male Wistar rats were divided into 8-groups (n=10): sedentary control (C), RT-control (TC), groups consuming whey protein at varying doses (W2, W4, and W6; respectively 2/4/6g/kg/day), and groups consuming whey protein at varying doses combined to RT (TW2, TW4, and TW6; respectively 2/4/6g/kg/day). The RT program was conducted for 12 weeks, three days a week, with the training intensity increasing from 50 to 100% of the rats' body weight. The rats receiving the whey supplement via the gavage method based on their body weight. Resultsː Muscle strength significantly increased in all trained groups (p<0.0001), with a more significant increase in the groups RT and WPS combined. In addition, the expression of mTOR was higher in the RT groups compared to the sedentary groups (p<0.01), but supplementation did not yield significant differences. WPS decreased MuRF-1 expression (p<0.01) independently of RT. Conclusionː In conclusion, RT combined with WPS for 12 weeks improved muscle strength. Furthermore, mTOR expression increased in trained rats, but not in sedentary rats who used different doses of WPS. However, WPS at any dose reduced MuRF-1 expression, independently of RT. Higher WPS doses did not enhance observed gains compared to a lower dose.
Keywords: whey protein, body composition, resistance training, mTOR, MuRF-1.
Effect of 532nm and 589nm Diode-Pumped Solid-State (DPSS) Lasers with Different Doses on Concentration of Total Protein and Albumin in Vitro
Authors: Sabreen Dakhil Yaseen  , Jamal Hasan  , Mustafa Salih AL Musawi  
Published: October 2024

Objective: To test the effects of Low-level laser irradiation at 532nm and 589nm with different doses and exposure times on total protein and albumin in blood plasma.
Method:This experimental study was conducted from November 2021 to April 2022 at Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised blood samples from healthy adults. The samples were stored in tubes containing anticoagulant ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Photoradiation was managed using green laser 532nm and yellow laser 589nm diode-pumped solid-state lasers with different doses. For total protein test and albumin test, each sample was divided into 3 equal aliquots. The first was control without radiation, the second was irradiated by a laser at 532nm, and the third was irradiated at 589nm with 30J/cm², 50J/cm², 70J/cm² and 90 J/cm² doses of irradiation. All samples were examined by using a spectrophotometer device. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.
Results: There were 24 samples from healthy adults in all.The most significant difference in total protein concentration occurred at dose 70J/cm² for both wavelengths compared to the controls (p<0.05). When this optimal dose was applied to the albumin test, a clear decrease in the albumin concentration was found for both 532nm and 589nm lasers (p<0.05).
Conclusion: At wavelengths of 532nm and 589nm, the laser light induced processes that caused a reduction in total protein and albumin.
Key Words: Edetic Acid, Lasers, Plasma, Light, Anticoagulants, Albumins
Influence of age and gender on oral health impact profile among dental implant patients in alkarkh district in Baghdad / Iraq: cross-sectional study
Authors: Modar Abdul Abbas Fedik  , Ban Sahib Diab  
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate the age and gender influence on the quality of life of patients with a dental implant.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2022 at Al-Mammon Specialised Dental Centre in the Al-Karkh sector of Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised healthy adult subjects of either gender who had dental implant treatment in the preceding 2 years and their dental implant was in place for at least 6 months. . Data was collected using the Oral Health Impact Profile Questionnaire to measure oral health quality of life. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Results: Of the 103 subjects, 55(53.4%) were females and 48(46.6%) were males. There were 41(39.81%) subjects aged 18-37 years, 42(40.78%) aged 37-56 years and 20(19.42%) aged 57-74 years. Of the total, 50(48.5%) subjects had moderate health quality, followed by 26(25.24%) low and 27(26.21%) high. There was a significant association of age and gender on the quality of life (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Age and gender were found to be important factors influencing the quality of life of dental implant patients.
Key Words: Quality of life, Oral health impact profile, Dental implant patient.
The effect of a low-level yellow laser on improving the stability of stored whole blood
Authors: Safa Hassan Mohamed  , Mustafa Salih. Al Musawi  , Bassam Al-Gailani  
Published: October 2024

Objective: To explore if low-level laser 589nm may stabilise stored whole blood and red blood cell suspension in vitro.
Method: The interventional study was conducted from November 2021 to April 2022 at the Postgraduate Medical Physics Laboratory, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised blood samples from healthy adults. The samples were obtained put in tubes containing anticoagulant citrate-phosphate dextrose-adenine. Each sample was divided into eight equal aliquots and stored for 21 days at 4ºC. Of the 8 aliquots, 4 were takebn as controls, while the other 4 were irradiated by 589nm laser beam with a radiation dose of 50J/cm² for 15min. Stability test measured by the percentage of haemolysis of an overnight stored red bllod cell in saline solution was done on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 for non-irradiated and radiated aliquots. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.
Results: Eight subjects (4 males and 4 females) were included, with mean age 21±3 years (range: 19-24 years). Whole blood samples showed a significant reduction in haemolysis by 40%, 20% and 42% compared to the control samples at days 0, 7 and 14, respectively (p<0.05). Red blood cell suspension showed a significant reduction in haemolysis by 9% compared to the control samples only at day 21 (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Low-level laser 589nm beam at 50J/cm² radiation dose was more effective on the stability of stored whole blood than the red blood cell suspension.
Key Words: Saline, Hemolysis, Erythrocytes, Adenine, Anticoagulants, Citrates, Glucose, Phosphates, Radiation, Lasers
Effect of using bolus on the efficiency of the 3DCRT of the breast cancer after mastectomy
Authors: Iman Ghali Hassan  , Nabaa Rasheed Naji  , Hadeel Kamil Abdullah  
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To assess the effect of using bolus on the efficiency of three-diensional conformation radiation treatment of breast cancer post-mastectomy.
Method: The prospective, clinical study was conducted at Al-Amal Center for Radiation Therapy and Nuclear Medicine, Iraq, from November 2020 to April 2021, and comprised patients with synchronous bilateral breast cancer with regional lymph nodes who underwent mastectomy. The three-diensional conformation radiation treatment technique was used to evaluate the dose received by the planning target volume and the organs at risk. The plans were generated using a treatment planning system, the plans were then fed into a linear accelerator. The plans had one isocenter for both breasts to avoid the errors that may cause the overlapping of the radiation fields with and without the use of bolus. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.
Results: There were 23 female patients with mean age 49.28±8.79 years (range: 35-62 years). There were 7(30.4%) females residing in rural areas, while 16(69.6%) lived in urban areas. The use of bolus increased the radiation dose coverage percentage of the planning target volume of the right (p=0.0002) and left (p=0.0164) breasts, while the right (p=0.3977) and left (p=0.7940) supraclavicular nodes were not significantly covered by the radiotherapy dose. The use of bolus showed a strong significant decrease of the mean dose that was received by the left lung (p=0.00001). Also, the use of bolus caused significant reduction in the amount of the mean scattered dose that reached the heart (p=0.00001) and larynx (p=0.00004).
Conclusion: The use of bolus provided a complete radiotherapy dose coverage for the right and left breasts, as well as an excellent protection for the left lung, hear and larynex.
Key Words: Mastectomy, Breast, Nuclear, Lung, Lymph Nodes, Radiation, Larynx
Calculation of radiological risks for selected soil samples from the north of Kufa district in Najaf, Iraq
Authors: Shaymaa Awad Kadhim  , Shahla Alruhaimi  , Shatha Alhous  , Qassim Shamkhi AL–Khafaji  
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate radioactivity levels in soil samples and their physical impact on the population.
Methods: The experimental radiation study was conducted in northern Kufa, Al Najaf Governorate, Iraq, in March 2020 by researchers from the Kufa University, Iraq and comprised soil samples. A gamma spectrometer equipped with a sodium iodide detector activated with a trace amount of thallium was used to calculate the concentration of radium, thorium and potassium. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
Results: There were 30 samples. The average concentration of Radium, Thorium and Potassium was (0.824± 0.392)ppm, (1.536± 0.645)ppm and( 0.597± 0.195)%, respectively, and the radiation hazards were lower than the permissible levels. The reported value of excess lifetime cancer risk was (1.2819 ±0.156)×10-3, and the annual gonadal equivalent dose (AGED) was 116.496± 41.255 (mSv. y-1), which was lower than the recommended limit. There was a positive, strong and significant relationship of radium with all the variables (p<0.05) studied except with potassium (p>0.05). Thorium was positively and significantly associated with all the variables (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The study area was found to be safe and there was no relationship between the radiation levels of the studied nuclides and the risk of cancer.
Key Words: Thorium, Radium, Sodium Iodide, Thallium, Radioactivity, Soil, Potassium Radioisotopes
A Comparative Study of Fungal Endophytes - Endomycorrhizal Organs in Ocimum Sanctum and Santalum Album
Authors: Prasanna Srinivas.R  , Amrita Nigam  , Aruna Jampani  
Published: October 2024

The study of Endophytic fungi in the medicinal plants showed quite a variation. The plant Ocimum sanctum showed six types of fungi Trichoderma viridae, Fusarium solani, Gliocladium roseum, Cladosporium sp., Cladorrhinium sp. and Nigrospora sp. that were isolated from rhizosphere and found to be 42.8 % of the population of total fungi isolated, while only one type of endophyte, Mycelia sterilia was 14.2% of the total population of the isolates. The four fungi Fusarium solani, Gliocladium roseum, Mycelia sterilia and Nigrospora sp. were isolated as endophytes. with 42.8% of the total population of the isolates. In the plant Santalum album five fungi Trichoderma viridae, Stachylidium extorre, Pseudobotrytis sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Mycelia sterilia, were isolated from rhizosphere and found to be 55.55% of the population of total fungi isolated. While four fungi Chalaropsis sp., Phoma glomerata, Collectotrichum sp. and Fusarium solani were isolated as endophytes which accounted for 33.33%. The fungi common both as rhizospheric and endophytic include one isolate Collectotrichum sp. with 11.11% of the total population of the isolates. The presence of vesicles was observed within the cortical cells of both the plants Ocimum sanctum and Santalum album.
Characteristics and outcomes of surgical clipping of ruptured intracranial aneurysms at a tertiary care institution in Trinidad & Tobago – a descriptive report
Authors: Seetahal-Maraj Panduranga , Arjoon Sharies , Ramnarine Narendra 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Reports on the management and outcomes of intracranial aneurysms are sparse from the English-Speaking Caribbean. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and outcomes of surgically clipped ruptured intracranial aneurysms undertaken by a single neurosurgeon, under the unique challenges faced in a low-resources setting.

Methods
The neurosurgical operative logbook from the period July 1st 2018 - July 31st 2021 was examined to identify all patients who had surgically clipped cerebral aneurysms at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Trinidad and Tobago. Patients’ charts were reviewed to assess risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, positive family history, aneurysm grades and types, including presenting Hunt and Hess (HH) Grade, modified Fisher CT Grade, time to definitive surgery and Glasgow Outcome Scale - extended (GOSE).

Results
Twenty-six patients underwent open surgical aneurysmal clipping, between the ages of 20 – 73 years. Posterior communicating artery aneurysms (35%) and anterior communicating artery aneurysms (38%) were the most commonly encountered types of aneurysms. One half of patients were HH Grade 1, and 58% were Fisher Grade 4. Time to clipping ranged from 3 – 62 days, with a mean of 12 days. About 42% of aneurysms were clipped prior to the peak vasospasm period, while 61% were clipped within 14 days. Following the procedure, 62% of patients had GOSE score of 8 (maximum function).

Conclusion
Surgical clipping of ruptured intracranial aneurysms may yield good patient outcomes even in a low-resource setting, despite challenges faced due to limited resources and operating time. Clipping during peak vasospasm period did not result in worse outcomes. The establishment of a neurovascular service may be beneficial even in low-resource settings.

Keywords
Intracranial aneurysm; clipping; endovascular; Trinidad and Tobago; Caribbean
Clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 infections at a teaching hospital in Kingston, Jamaica
Authors: Thompson Tamara , Dawkins Yvonne , Rowe-Gardener Swane , Chin-Harty Lisa , Kyaw Hoe Kyaw , S. Ferguson Trevor , Ehikhametalor Kelvin , Gordon-Johnson Kelly Ann , Deyde Varough 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
We examined the demographic, clinical characteristics and indicators of poor outcomes among hospitalised adults with COVID-19 infection at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Jamaica.

Methods
A retrospective medical record review between March 10 and December 31, 2020 was done and demographic clinical data were collected.

Results
There were 218 males (mean age 59.5 years) and 144 females (mean age 55.7 years). Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, obesity and chronic kidney disease were the most common comorbidities. Cough, shortness of breath, fever and malaise were the most common presenting complaints. Fifty-one per cent of patients were moderately to severely ill on admission; 11% were critically ill; 18% were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Death occurred in 62 (17%) patients (95% CI 13.6-21.4). Among obese participants, there were increased odds of developing respiratory failure (OR 5.2, p < 0.001), acute kidney injury (OR 4.7, p < 0.001), sepsis (OR 2.9, p =0.013) and the need for ICU care (OR 3.7, p < 0.001). Factors independently associated with increased odds of death were age (OR 1.03 per year, p = 0.013) and obesity (OR 2.26, p = 0.017). Mortality also correlated significantly with D-dimer > 1000 ng/mL (OR 2.78; p = 0.03), serum albumin < 40 g/L (OR 3.54; p = 0.03) and serum LDH > 485 U/L OR 1.92, p = 0.11).

Conclusions
Comorbidities were prevalent among COVID-19 cases in this study. Significant correlates of mortality were older age and obesity. Hypoalbuminaemia, elevated D-dimer and serum LDH at admission also portend a poor prognosis.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Jamaica, outcomes, mortality
A Study on Technology Integration Practices in Arts Instructors: Exploring the Mediating role of Value and Ability Beliefs
Authors: Tai Ge , Nasir Nadia Binti Mohd 
Published: October 2024

Teachers are the crux of every developing mind of newly blooming pupils in the education institutes and it is a universal factor in the learning process of every nature or aspect of study. Nowadays, the use of innovative technologies has become an essential practice in learning and teaching systems of every subject including art studies which indicates the constant incorporation of technology in instructional communication and reflects an advancement in the teaching process. Quantitative research design was implemented to assess the cause-and-effect relationship among variables. Primary data was collected through the survey strategy and a close-ended questions comprised questionnaire was designed. The researcher disbursed 350 questionnaires and finalized 331 questionnaires for the data analysis. The study encountered significant results for all synthesized associations except for the mediating role of ability beliefs. The present result hold numerous theoretical and practical implications. This study extends the growing body of literature regarding technology integration practices through the professional development, ICT knowledge and technical assistance. However, the study also provides practical implications as beneficial insights can be provided through which professional development can be fostered through technology integration practices. Research limitations and future indications have also been explained to increase the generalizability of this research.
Ritualidad zoque, símbolos y significaciones: La Pesca de la Sardina Ciega, patrimonio intangible de México
Authors: Frías López Aurora Kristell 
Published: October 2024

El objetivo de este estudio es el de analizar el resguardo e interpretación del ritual zoque La pesca de la Sardina Ciega como patrimonio inmaterial cultural. Se Este estudio utilizó la metodología cualitativa exploratoria-descriptiva con alcance transversal. Se propone que la recopilación y análisis de la información del modelo del Plan de Salvaguardia (UNESCO 2014) para el registro e interpretación del ritual para lo cual se construyeron cuatro categorías de análisis. Las técnicas de recolección utilizada fueron la entrevista semiestructurada y la observación no participante. La unidad de análisis es el sujeto que participa en el ritual como ejecutor de la misma por lo cual se denominó para este estudio como portador del patrimonio inmaterial. Se realizaron 12 entrevistas a los portadores del patrimonio cuya característica que debían tener era la de formar parte del ritual y de la comunidad. Se identificó que los portadores del patrimonio inmaterial tienen edades diferentes, hay jóvenes y longevos, lo cual forma una estrategia de preservación generacional. Tienen un conocimiento empírico del ritual heredado por sus antecesores, pero desconocen con certeza la historia de la población zoque y del ritual. La ejecución del ritual se lleva a cabo desde la iglesia hasta la cueva en el marco del domingo de ramos. Se sugiere realizar talleres de música y danza dirigidos a los niños y jóvenes de la comunidad Tapijulapa, a lo largo del año con el fin de formar nuevos cuadros para el ritual.
Erdwärme für das Gewächshaus
Authors: Schaal René 
Published: October 2024

Frankfurt a.M. Wissenschaftler der TU Dresden erproben in den nächsten zwei Jahren ein mit dem Praxispartner Doppelacker GmbH entwickeltes Technologiekonzept, das Wärme und Kälte aus dem Boden landwirtschaftlicher Nutzflächen für die Energieversorgung verfügbar macht.