bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absent fetal nasal bone in the second trimester and risk of abnormal karyotype in a prescreened population of Chinese women
Authors: Du Yan , Ren Yunyun , Yan Yingliu , Cao Li 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the value of absent fetal nasal bone in the prediction of fetal chromosomal abnormalities, according to whether it was associated with other soft markers or structural abnormalities in a prescreened population of Chinese pregnant women.Material and methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, women whose fetuses had absent nasal bone detected during the second trimester ultrasound scan were followed. Fetal karyotyping was performed and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. The association between absent fetal nasal bone with abnormal karyotype was evaluated according to whether soft markers or structural abnormalities were also observed.ResultsFetal nasal bone was assessed in 56 707 singleton pregnancies. After exclusion of unqualified cases, 71 (71/56 707, 0.13%) fetuses were included in the final analyses, of which 16 (16/71, 22.54%) were detected to have chromosomal abnormalities, including 12 cases of trisomy‐21, three of trisomy‐18, and one of micro‐deletion (in 7q). Among the 42 cases with isolated absence of nasal bone, two had trisomy‐21 and one had a micro‐deletion. Absence of nasal bone in association with other structural abnormalities had a higher rate of abnormal karyotypes compared with isolated absence of nasal bone [83.33% (10/12) vs. 7.14% (3/42), Fisher's exact test χ2 = 25.620, p < 0.001].ConclusionAbsent fetal nasal bone is a highly specific ultrasonographic soft marker that should be included in the routine second trimester ultrasound scan.
Botulinum toxin injection vs topical nitrates for chronic anal fissure: an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sahebally S. M. , Meshkat B. , Walsh S. R. , Beddy D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimChronic anal fissures (CAFs) are frequently encountered in coloproctology clinics. Chemical sphincterotomy with pharmacological agents is recommended as first‐line therapy. Topical nitrates (TN) heal CAF effectively but recurrences are common. An alternative treatment modality is injection of botulinum toxin (BT) into the anal sphincter. We aimed to perform an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare the effectiveness of BT and TN in the management of CAF.MethodPubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant articles from inception until March 2017. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported direct comparisons of BT and TN were included. Two independent reviewers performed methodological assessment and data extraction. Random effects models were used to calculate pooled effect size estimates.ResultsSix RCTs describing 393 patients (194 BT, 199 TN) were included. There was significant heterogeneity among the trials. On random effects analysis there were no significant differences in incomplete fissure healing (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.13–1.68, P = 0.24) or recurrence (OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.39–1.25, P = 0.22) between BT and TN, respectively. BT was associated with a higher rate of transient anal incontinence (OR = 2.53, 95% CI 0.98–6.57, P = 0.06) but significantly fewer total side effects (OR = 0.12, 95% CI 0.02–0.63, P = 0.01) and headache (OR = 0.10, 95% CI 0.02–0.60, P = 0.01) compared with TN.ConclusionBT is associated with fewer side effects than TN but there is no difference in fissure healing or recurrence. Patients need to be warned regarding the risk of transient anal incontinence associated with BT.
In search of relevant predictors for marine species distribution modelling using the MarineSPEED benchmark dataset
Authors: Bosch Samuel , Tyberghein Lennert , Deneudt Klaas , Hernandez Francisco , De Clerck Olivier 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimIdeally, datasets for species distribution modelling (SDM) contain evenly sampled records covering the entire distribution of the species, confirmed absences and auxiliary ecophysiological data allowing informed decisions on relevant predictors. Unfortunately, these criteria are rarely met for marine organisms for which distributions are too often only scantly characterized and absences generally not recorded. Here, we investigate predictor relevance as a function of modelling algorithms and settings for a global dataset of marine species.LocationGlobal marine.MethodsWe selected well‐studied and identifiable species from all major marine taxonomic groups. Distribution records were compiled from public sources (e.g., OBIS, GBIF, Reef Life Survey) and linked to environmental data from Bio‐ORACLE and MARSPEC. Using this dataset, predictor relevance was analysed under different variations of modelling algorithms, numbers of predictor variables, cross‐validation strategies, sampling bias mitigation methods, evaluation methods and ranking methods. SDMs for all combinations of predictors from eight correlation groups were fitted and ranked, from which the top five predictors were selected as the most relevant.ResultsWe collected two million distribution records from 514 species across 18 phyla. Mean sea surface temperature and calcite are, respectively, the most relevant and irrelevant predictors. A less clear pattern was derived from the other predictors. The biggest differences in predictor relevance were induced by varying the number of predictors, the modelling algorithm and the sample selection bias correction. The distribution data and associated environmental data are made available through the R package marinespeed and at http://marinespeed.org.Main conclusionsWhile temperature is a relevant predictor of global marine species distributions, considerable variation in predictor relevance is linked to the SDM set‐up. We promote the usage of a standardized benchmark dataset (MarineSPEED) for methodological SDM studies.
Attenuated psychosis and basic self‐disturbance as risk factors for depression and suicidal ideation/behaviour in community‐dwelling adolescents
Authors: Koren Dan , Rothschild‐Yakar Lily , Lacoua Liza , Brunstein‐Klomek Anat , Zelezniak Aya , Parnas Josef , Shahar Golan 
Published: November 2017

Background and AimsAdolescents at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, as defined by the presence of attenuated psychosis symptoms (APS), exhibit increased levels of suicidal ideation and behaviour. However, no research thus far has examined the link between basic self‐disturbances (SDs), an established marker for CHR, and suicidality/self‐harm in this population. The goal of this pilot study was to assess the association between SD, depression and suicidal ideation and behaviour among non‐help‐seeking adolescents from the community.MethodA total of 100 community‐dwelling adolescents (age range: 13‐16) were assessed using the Examination of Anomalous Self‐experience, Prodromal Questionnaire, Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes, Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School‐Age Children (K‐SADS). The K‐SADS was used to derive a binary diagnosis of unipolar depression, as well as to measure suicidal ideation and behaviour and self‐harm.ResultsIn a multiple regression analysis, SD accounted for variance in depressive symptoms and suicidality/self‐harm over and above that accounted for by APS. Moreover, SD accounted for variance in suicidality/self‐harm over and above that accounted for by depression symptoms.ConclusionsThese pilot results suggest that SD might be a unique dimension of vulnerability to depression and suicidality/self‐harm in adolescence. Also, they encourage assessment of SD as part of a suicide risk assessment, particularly in the context of risk for subsequent psychosis.
Patient‐initiated recruitment for clinical research: Evaluation of an outpatient letter research statement
Authors: Wienroth Matthias , Caffrey Louise , Wolfe Charles , McKevitt Christopher 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundUK Hospital Trusts are charged with increasing patients’ research awareness and willingness to take part in research. This includes implementing strategies to encourage patient‐initiated enquiries about participation.ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of a research statement inserted in outpatient letters in one clinical service, and to derive suggestions on potential steps towards increasing patient‐initiated recruitment.SettingA medical outpatient clinic of a research‐active hospital trust, serving an inner‐city multi‐ethnic population across two boroughs.MethodsPre‐intervention and post‐intervention questionnaires were administered face‐to‐face to new patients. Questionnaires included closed questions and one open comments section. Data were analysed for frequencies, with thematic coding of open‐ended responses.ResultsThe response rates were 87% for the pre‐intervention survey and 92% for the post‐intervention survey. In the post‐intervention survey, 85% of patients did not notice the research statement in the letter. More than half found the statement “a little unclear,” whilst one‐third considered it “clear.” Three‐quarters of respondents perceived the statement to be “a little helpful.” Only one person enquired about participating in clinical research having read the statement in the outpatient letter.ConclusionThe analysis suggests that simple, single‐solution approaches such as including research statements in outpatient letters are unlikely to be sufficient to significantly facilitate patient‐initiated recruitment. Recruitment efforts need to take into consideration the diversity of patient constituencies including the reasons they seek health care, and how patients can meaningfully access information (research literacy).
Can sleep quality and burnout affect the job performance of shift‐work nurses? A hospital cross‐sectional study
Authors: Giorgi Fabio , Mattei Antonella , Notarnicola Ippolito , Petrucci Cristina , Lancia Loreto 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate any possible relationship between sleep disorders, burnout and job performance in a shift‐work population of nurses.BackgroundSleep disorders and burnout can affect the job performance of nurses in terms of efficiency, productivity, task execution speed and supervision, which can be compromised when work shifts are organized on a 24‐hour schedule and when the shift itself is irregular.DesignA cross‐sectional observational study was conducted from August 2014 ‐ January 2015 on a sample of 315 shift‐work nurses across 39 wards in seven central Italian hospitals.MethodsThe Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to detect the presence of sleep disorders, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to detect the presence of any possible type of burnout and the Job Performance Scale was used to measure job performance. Data analysis was mainly based on a multivariate logistic regression to identify variables significantly associated with investigated outcomes.ResultsOn shift‐work nurses' sleep quality and burnout correlated positively. The female gender and personal burnout were significantly associated with impaired sleep quality, while working in the psychiatric setting, working a long cycle shift pattern and experiencing daytime dysfunction were significantly associated with burnout. A significant negative association between patient‐related burnout and job performance was observed.ConclusionSpecific characteristics of shift‐work nurses can directly affect sleep quality and burnout and indirectly job performance. This evidence offers healthcare administrators opportunities to intervene with measures to promote nurse's health, well‐being and safety.
Dynamic Product‐Level Analysis of In‐Use Aluminum Stocks in the United States
Authors: Chen Wei‐Qiang 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis study estimates product‐level in‐use stocks of aluminum in the United States for the period 1960–2009 (or longer in some cases) and explores patterns of the historical evolution of in‐use aluminum stocks at both product and sector levels. The principal findings are the following: (1) results estimated by the product‐level methods in this study match reasonably well with those estimated by the sector‐level method for five sectors (except the Machinery and Equipment sector), meaning that the methods verify the robustness and reliability of each other; (2) after early period(s) of increase since aluminum‐containing products were introduced into the market, in‐use aluminum stocks at the product level, based on either absolute, per capita, or per household terms, follow one of four different patterns (Increase, Decrease, Saturation, and Fluctuation), determined by the historical evolution of product stocks and flows and aluminum contents in products; and (3) when aggregated, in‐use aluminum stocks at the product level can be used to compare with and explain the historical evolution of the in‐use aluminum stocks at the sector level that are estimated by the top‐down method, with only a few products dominating or significantly influencing the historical evolution pattern for a whole sector. These results may enable manufacturers, metal suppliers, recyclers, and governments to plan their material‐related policies and actions with increased precision compared to previous top‐down results that are only available at the sector level.
Repair gene O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase is controlled by SP1 and up‐regulated by glucocorticoids, but not by temozolomide and radiation
Authors: Aasland Dorthe , Reich Thomas R. , Tomicic Maja T. , Switzeny Olivier J. , Kaina Bernd , Christmann Markus 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTherapy of malignant glioma relies on treatment with the O6‐methylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) concomitant with ionizing radiation followed by adjuvant TMZ. For the treatment of recurrences, DNA chloroethylating drugs are also used. The main killing lesion induced by these drugs is O6‐alkylguanine. Since this damage is repaired by O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), the repair enzyme represents a most important factor of drug resistance, limiting the therapy of malignant high‐grade gliomas. Although MGMT has been shown to be transcriptionally up‐regulated in rodents following genotoxic stress, it is still unclear whether human MGMT is subject to up‐regulation. Here, we addressed the question whether MGMT in glioma cells is enhanced following alkylating drugs or ionizing radiation, using promoter assays. We also checked the response of glioma cell lines to dexamethasone. In a series of experiments, we found no evidence that the human MGMT promoter is significantly up‐regulated following treatment with TMZ, the chloroethylating agent nimustine or radiation. It was activated, however, by dexamethasone. Using deletion constructs, we further show that the basal level of MGMT is mainly determined by the transcription factor SP1. The high amount of SP1 sites in the MGMT promoter likely prevents transcriptional up‐regulation following genotoxic stress by neutralizing inducible signals. The regulation of MGMT by miRNAs plays only a minor role, as shown by DICER knockdown experiments. Since high dose dexamethasone concomitant with temozolomide is frequently used in glioblastoma therapy, induction of the MGMT gene through glucocorticoids in MGMT promoter unmethylated cases might cause further elevation of drug resistance, while radiation and alkylating drugs seem not to induce MGMT at transcriptional level.
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Jaw closing movement and sex differences in temporomandibular joint energy densities
Authors: Gallo L. M. , Fankhauser N. , Gonzalez Y. M. , Liu H. , Liu Y. , Nickel J. C. , Iwasaki L. R. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryEnergy densities (ED, mJ/mm3) quantify mechanical work imposed on articular cartilages during function. This cross‐sectional study examined differences in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ED during asymmetric versus symmetric jaw closing in healthy females versus males. ED component variables were tested for differences between and within sexes for two types of jaw closing. Seventeen female and 17 male subjects gave informed consent to participate. Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders and images (magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomography) were used to confirm healthy TMJ status. Numerical modelling predicted TMJ loads (Fnormal) consequent to unilateral canine biting. Dynamic stereometry combined MR imaging and jaw‐tracking data to measure ED component variables during 10 trials of each type of jaw closing in each subject's TMJs. These data were then used to calculate TMJ ED during jaw closing asymmetrically and symmetrically. Paired and Student's t tests assessed ED between jaw closing movements and sexes, respectively. Multivariate data analyses assessed ED component variable differences between jaw closing movements and sexes (α = 0.05). Contralateral TMJ ED were 3.6‐fold and significantly larger (P < .0001) during asymmetric versus symmetric jaw closing, due to significantly larger (P ≤ .001) distances of TMJ stress‐field translation in asymmetric versus symmetric movement. During asymmetric jaw closing, contralateral TMJ ED were twofold and significantly larger (P = .036) in females versus males, due to 1.5‐fold and significantly smaller (P ≤ .010) TMJ disc cartilage volumes under stress fields in females versus males. These results suggest that in healthy individuals, asymmetric compared to symmetric jaw closure in females compared to males has higher TMJ mechanical fatigue liabilities.
Glomeromycotina: what is a species and why should we care?
Authors: Bruns Thomas D. , Corradi Nicolas , Redecker Dirk , Taylor John W. , Öpik Maarja 
Published: November 2017

SummaryA workshop at the recent International Conference on Mycorrhiza was focused on species recognition in Glomeromycotina and parts of their basic biology that define species. The workshop was motivated by the paradigm‐shifting evidence derived from genomic data for sex and for the lack of heterokaryosis, and by published exchanges in Science that were based on different species concepts and have led to differing views of dispersal and endemism in these fungi. Although a lively discussion ensued, there was general agreement that species recognition in the group is in need of more attention, and that many basic assumptions about the biology of these important fungi including sexual or clonal reproduction, similarity or dissimilarity of nuclei within an individual, and species boundaries need to be re‐examined and scrutinized with current techniques.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Associated with Conventional Endodontic Treatment: A Clinical and Molecular Microbiological Study
Authors: da Silva Caroline C. , Chaves Júnior Sérgio P. , Pereira Gabriela L. D. , Fontes Karla B. F. da C. , Antunes Lívia A. A. , Póvoa Helvécio C. C. , Antunes Leonardo S. , Iorio Natalia L. P. P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study evaluated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunct to endodontic treatment. Ten uniradicular teeth (control group (CG) = 4 (2 and test group (TG) = 6) with primary endodontic infections, from both genders, between 17 and 65 years old, were analyzed. Microbiological samples were collected before and after chemical–mechanical instrumentation (CMI), after aPDT (for the TG), and after the removal of the temporary restorations (second session). In TG, the aPDT was performed with 100 μg mL−1 methylene blue and irradiated with low power laser (InGaAIP, 660 nm; 100 mW; 40 s) with a fiber‐coupled optical laser. Another irradiation (3 J; 30 s; spot size of 3 mm2) was performed in the gingiva close to the apical foramen. The PCR was performed, after previous whole‐genome amplification, for Enterococcus faecalis, Candida genus and Bacteria domain. For TG, a positive tooth for Candida spp. before of the CMI presented negative results in subsequent samples. Additionally, E. faecalis species was present in four samples before CMI, two after CMI, in one after the aPDT and was not detected at the second session. aPDT may be an effective adjunct therapy, resulting in a reduction (P = 0.0286) of the incidence of E. faecalis before root canal obturation.
Style polymorphism inLinum(Linaceae): a case of Mediterranean parallel evolution?
Authors: Ruiz‐Martín J. , Santos‐Gally R. , Escudero M. , Midgley J. J. , Pérez‐Barrales R. , Arroyo J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHeterostyly is a sex polymorphism that has challenged evolutionary biologists ever since Darwin. One of the lineages where heterostyly and related stylar conditions appear more frequently isLinum(Linaceae). This group is particularly suitable for testing competing hypotheses about ancestral and transitional stages on the evolutionary building up of heterostyly.We generated a phylogeny ofLinumbased on extensive sampling and plastid and nuclear DNA sequences, and used it to trace the evolution of character states of style polymorphism. We also revised available data on pollination, breeding systems, and polyploidy to analyse their associations.Our results supported former phylogenetic hypotheses: the paraphyly ofLinumand the non‐monophyly of current taxonomic sections. Heterostyly was common in the genus, but appeared concentrated in the Mediterranean Basin and the South African Cape. Ancestral character state reconstruction failed to determine a unique state as the most probable condition for style polymorphism in the genus. In contrast, approach herkogamy was resolved as ancestral state in some clades, giving support to recent hypotheses. Some traits putatively related to heterostyly, such as life history and polyploidy, did show marginal or non‐significant phylogenetic correlation, respectively. Although pollinator data are limited, we suggest that beeflies are associated with specific cases of heterostyly.The consistent association between style polymorphism and heteromorphic incompatibility points to ecological factors as drivers of the multiple evolution of style polymorphism inLinum. Albeit based on limited evidence, we hypothesised that specialised pollinators and lack of mating opportunities drive evolution of style polymorphism and loss of the polymorphism, respectively.
Flow Virometry: a Powerful Tool To Functionally Characterize Viruses
Authors: Lippé Roger 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
For several decades, flow cytometry has been a common approach to analyze cells and sort them to near-purity. It enables one to probe inner cellular molecules, surface receptors, or infected cells. However, the analysis of smaller entities such as viruses and exocytic vesicles has been more difficult but is becoming mainstream. This has in part been due to the development of new instrumentation with resolutions below that of conventional cytometers. It is also attributed to the several means employed to fluorescently label viruses, hence enabling them to stand out from similarly sized particles representing background noise. Thus far, more than a dozen different viruses ranging in size from 40 nm to giant viruses have been probed by this approach, which was recently dubbed “flow virometry.” These studies have collectively highlighted the breadth of the applications of this method, which, for example, has elucidated the maturation of dengue virus, served as quality control for vaccinia vaccines, and enabled the sorting of herpes simplex virus discrete viral particles. The present review focuses on the means employed to characterize and sort viruses by this powerful technology and on the emerging uses of flow virometry. It similarly addresses some of its current challenges and limitations.