bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terahertz circular Airy vortex beams
Authors: Liu Changming , Liu Jinsong , Niu Liting , Wei Xuli , Wang Kejia , Yang Zhengang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractVortex beams have received considerable research interests both in optical and millimeter-wave domain since its potential to be utilized in the wireless communications and novel imaging systems. Many well-known optical beams have been demonstrated to carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), such as Laguerre-Gaussian beams and high-order Bessel beams. Recently, the radially symmetric Airy beams that exhibit an abruptly autofocusing feature are also demonstrated to be capable of carrying OAM in the optical domain. However, due to the lack of efficient devices to manipulate terahertz (THz) beams, it could be a challenge to demonstrate the radially symmetric Airy beams in the THz domain. Here we demonstrate the THz circular Airy vortex beams (CAVBs) with a 0.3-THz continuous wave through 3D printing technology. Assisted by the rapidly 3D-printed phase plates, individual OAM states with topological charge l ranging from l = 0 to l = 3 and a multiplexed OAM state are successfully imposed into the radially symmetric Airy beams. We both numerically and experimentally investigate the propagation dynamics of the generated THz CAVBs, and the simulations agree well with the observations.
Examining Variation in Treatment Outcomes among Speakers with Dysarthria
Authors: McAuliffe Megan , Fletcher Annalise 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStudies investigating the outcomes of behavioral treatments for dysarthria commonly focus on group-level effects. Individual differences in treatment response have received less attention. Currently, we have limited understanding of why some speakers respond favorably to certain intervention programs but others do not. This article advocates for a more individualized approach to assessing the efficacy of speech pathology intervention. A conceptual framework is presented, in which the effects of salient speech features and contextual factors upon treatment outcomes are considered statistically, with a view to informing treatment planning and development of future clinical studies. Preliminary evidence is presented in support of this framework—demonstrating that detailed measurements of the speech signal can predict which individuals respond favorably to certain treatment cues, even among participants with the same dysarthria etiology and subtype. Future directions for the study of individualized assessment and treatment approaches are discussed.
Der Patient mit Thoraxtrauma: chirurgische Versorgung
Authors: Zardo Patrick , Busk Henning , Piatek Stefan , Zinne Norman , Kropivnitskaya Irina , Kutschka Ingo 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungBei Thoraxtraumata reicht das Spektrum von Verletzungen des Herzens und der großen Gefäße über Parenchymläsionen mit Pneumothorax, Blutungen aus den Interkostalgefäßen, bis hin zu chronischen Hämatothoraces und sekundären Empyemen. Die Anlage einer Thoraxdrainage stellt oft eine suffiziente Therapie dar, in bestimmten Fällen ist aber eine weitergehende chirurgische Therapie in minimalinvasiver Technik (VATS) oder via Thorakotomie erforderlich.
Belastungen im Berufsalltag von Palliativpflegekräften – eine Befragung in Kooperation mit dem KompetenzZentrum Palliative Care Baden-Württemberg (KOMPACT)
Authors: Gencer Deniz , Meffert Cornelia , Herschbach Peter , Hipp Matthias , Becker Gerhild 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Durch den demographischen Wandel wird der Bedarf an spezialisierten Palliativeinrichtungen in Deutschland weiter zunehmen, was bei immer knapperen Ressourcen und steigenden Patientenzahlen möglicherweise zur Überlastung der Pflegekräfte führen kann. Ziel unserer Studie war die Identifikation von Risiken für Überlastungen im Berufsalltag von stationären und ambulanten Palliativpflegekräften.
Methodik Als Projekt des Kompetenzzentrums Palliative Care Baden-Württemberg wurde eine anonyme Befragung der Pflegekräfte aller Palliativstationen und der spezialisierten ambulanten Palliativversorgung (SAPV) innerhalb Baden-Württembergs durchgeführt. Der genutzte Erhebungsbogen erfragte spezifische Belastungen bei der beruflichen Tätigkeit, eine Selbsteinschätzung des eigenen Gesundheitszustandes sowie wichtige Aspekte bezüglich des psychischen Befindens. Insgesamt nahmen 167 Pflegekräfte aus 34 verschiedenen Einrichtungen an der Befragung teil.
Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen stationär und ambulant tätigen Palliativpflegekräften bezüglich der Art und Intensität der Belastung. Der ermittelte Gesamtbelastungswert war für Pflegekräfte auf Palliativstationen signifikant schlechter im Vergleich zum ambulanten Setting (p<0,001). Eine hohe Wochenarbeitszeit sowie fehlende Berufserfahrung im Bereich Palliative Care führten zu einer schlechteren Vereinbarkeit von Beruf- und Privatleben. Höhere Belastungswerte führten zu einer geringeren Zufriedenheit mit der beruflichen Situation. Je unzufriedener die Pflegenden mit ihrer beruflichen Situation waren, desto weniger gut schätzten sie ihren eigenen Gesundheitszustand ein. Das psychische Befinden der Palliativpflegekräfte war signifikant schlechter im Vergleich mit der Normstichprobe, zahlreiche Pflegekräfte waren „auffällig“ oder sogar „gravierend“ belastet. Durch die Befragung wurde außerdem deutlich, dass die geforderten strukturellen Bedingungen auf den Palliativstationen nur knapp erfüllt werden.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse deuten auf schlechtere Arbeitsbedingungen und in der Folge auf eine drohende Überlastung der Pflegekräfte in stationären Palliativeinrichtungen hin. Maßnahmen und Weiterbildungen zur Stressbewältigung und dem Umgang mit berufsbedingten Belastungen scheinen damit bislang nicht ausreichend in den Berufsalltag der Pflegenden implementiert zu sein. In Bezug auf die nicht optimalen strukturellen Bedingungen für Pflegende auf Palliativstationen sollten die seitens der Fachgesellschaften geforderten Standards hinterfragt und re-evaluiert werden.
A Rosa canina – Urtica dioica – Harpagophytum procumbens/zeyheri Combination Significantly Reduces Gonarthritis Symptoms in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Study
Authors: Moré Margret , Gruenwald Joerg , Pohl Ute , Uebelhack Ralf 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe special formulation MA212 (Rosaxan) is composed of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) puree/juice concentrate, nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaf extract, and devilʼs claw (Harpagophytum procumbens DC. ex Meisn. or Harpagophytum zeyheri Decne.) root extract and also supplies vitamin D. It is a food for special medical purposes ([EU] No 609/2013) for the dietary management of pain in patients with gonarthritis.This 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind parallel-design study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of MA212 versus placebo in patients with gonarthritis.A 3D-HPLC-fingerprint (3-dimensional high pressure liquid chromatography fingerprint) of MA212 demonstrated the presence of its herbal ingredients. Ninety-two randomized patients consumed 40 mL of MA212 (n = 46) or placebo (n = 44) daily. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), quality-of-life scores at 0, 6, and 12 weeks, and analgesic consumption were documented. Statistically, the initial WOMAC subscores/scores did not differ between groups. During the study, their means significantly improved in both groups. The mean pre-post change of the WOMAC pain score (primary endpoint) was 29.87 in the MA212 group and 10.23 in the placebo group. The group difference demonstrated a significant superiority in favor of MA212 (pU < 0.001; pt < 0.001). Group comparisons of all WOMAC subscores/scores at 6 and 12 weeks reached same significances. Compared to placebo, both physical and mental quality of life significantly improved with MA212. There was a trend towards reduced analgesics consumption with MA212, compared to placebo. In the final efficacy evaluation, physicians (pChi < 0.001) and patients (pChi < 0.001) rated MA212 superior to placebo. MA212 was well tolerated.This study demonstrates excellent efficacy for MA212 in gonarthritis patients.
The direction giving pointing gestures of the Malay Malaysian speech community
Authors: Mechraoui Amal , Noor Faridah Noor Binti Mohd 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
When we speak, we do not only produce a chain of words and utterances, but we also perform various body movements that convey information. These movements are usually made with the hands and are what McNeill (1992) terms gestures. Although gesturing is universal, the way we gesture and the meanings we associate with gestures vary cross-culturally. Using a qualitative approach, this paper describes and illustrates the forms and functions of pointing gestures used by Malay speakers. The data discussed is based on 10 video recorded direction-giving interactions. Findings show that pointing among Malay speakers is achieved through the use of various manual pointing gestures and other bodily actions involving gaze, torso and head movements, which communicate distinct functions. This study has indicated that although some gesture forms and functions are shared among Malay speakers and other cultural groups, some direction-giving pointing behaviors are Malay specific.
Value-added strategy models to provide quality services in senior health business
Authors: Yang Ya-Ting , Lin Neng-Pai , Su Shyi , Chen Ya-Mei , Chang Yao-Mao , Handa Yujiro , Khan Hafsah Arshed Ali , Elsa Hsu Yi-Hsin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe rapid population aging is now a global issue. The increase in the elderly population will impact the health care industry and health enterprises; various senior needs will promote the growth of the senior health industry. Most senior health studies are focused on the demand side and scarcely on supply. Our study selected quality enterprises focused on aging health and analyzed different strategies to provide excellent quality services to senior health enterprises.DesignWe selected 33 quality senior health enterprises in Taiwan and investigated their excellent quality services strategies by face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews with CEO and managers of each enterprise in 2013.SettingA total of 33 senior health enterprises in Taiwan.ParticipantsOverall, 65 CEOs and managers of 33 enterprises were interviewed individually.Intervention(s)None.Main Outcome Measure(s)Core values and vision, organization structure, quality services provided, strategies for quality services.ResultsThis study’s results indicated four type of value-added strategy models adopted by senior enterprises to offer quality services: (i) residential care and co-residence model, (ii) home care and living in place model, (iii) community e-business experience model and (iv) virtual and physical portable device model. The common part in these four strategy models is that the services provided are elderly centered. These models offer virtual and physical integrations, and also offer total solutions for the elderly and their caregivers. Through investigation of successful strategy models for providing quality services to seniors, we identified opportunities to develop innovative service models and successful characteristics, also policy implications were summarized.ConclusionsThe observations from this study will serve as a primary evidenced base for enterprises developing their senior market and, also for promoting the value co-creation possibility through dialogue between customers and those that deliver service.
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorder? The Special Role in HIV Transmission
Authors: Bialer Philip , Ashley Kenneth , Grimaldi John 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Substance use disorders have been linked to HIV/AIDS since the beginning of the epidemic. Injecting drug use can serve as a mode of viral transmission and in some parts of the world and among certain populations is the primary vector of transmission. Substances of misuse implicated in HIV transmission include alcohol, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and Ecstasy. Use of both non-injecting drugs and alcohol is also associated with increased sexual and other risk-taking behaviors and seroconversion. In addition, substance use disorders and other psychiatric disorders often coexist and can have profound effects on the medical management of HIV/AIDS as well as on a person’s social interaction and quality of life. Many people with HIV/AIDS therefore suffer from triple diagnoses necessitating comprehensive evaluation and treatment and a team approach involving medical, mental health, and substance use caregjvers. Treatment can include detoxification, harm reduction, individual, group, and family therapy, medication, and awareness of potential drug interactions.
Depressive and Bipolar Disorders
Authors: Douaihy Antoine , Conlon Matthew , Ferrara Maria 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Depressive disorders are highly prevalent among persons living with HIV/AIDS. Depressive disorders significantly negatively affects adherence to antiretroviral therapy and HIV viral suppression and is associated with poor quality of life and major impairment in overall functioning. This chapter reviews the prevalence, risk factors, assessment and diagnosis of depressive and bipolar disorders. It also examines the impact of depression on sexual behaviors, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, quality of life, and mortality. This chapter also includes a comprehensive discussion of treatment approaches and considerations for HIV-infected individuals with depressive disorders. Furthermore, it reviews the bipolar disorder spectrum in HIV/AIDS as well as other psychiatric disorders co-occurring with depressive disorders.
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: Letendre Scott , Iudicello Jennifer , Ances Beau , Marcotte Thomas D. , Spudich Serena , Cohen Mary Ann 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enters the central nervous system soon after infection; can infect glia and tissue macrophages in the brain; and can injure neurons, resulting in loss of dendrites. These and other processes underpin a syndrome of cognitive and motor impairment termed HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). This chapter principally focuses on HAND, although delirium and other neurocognitive disorders are also discussed and should remain in the differential diagnosis of cognitive impairment in persons with HIV. A differential diagnosis of cognitive impairment in HIV also includes multimorbid conditions that can influence neurocognitive performance, such as metabolic syndrome, vascular disease, medication toxicity, and substance use disorders. When developing treatment recommendations for HAND, initiation of ART and treatment of multimorbid conditions and other neurocognitive disorders should be prioritized. It is important for clinicians to regularly monitor HIV patients for HAND and other neurocognitive disorders since cognitive impairment can affect activities of daily living; quality of life; adherence to risk reduction, medical care, and medication; and survival.
Fatigue and HIV
Authors: Breitbart William , Dickerman Anna L. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Fatigue is commonly reported by persons with HIV and AIDS and is associated with impaired physical function, reduced quality of life, and suboptimal treatment adherence. Patients regard fatigue as an important condition to be addressed because it is disabling and distressing. In the past, fatigue was overlooked and undertreated by physicians, but clinicians caring for persons with HIV and AIDS have been giving more attention to symptom management and patients’ quality of life. Increased attention to symptom management in HIV and AIDS warrants familiarity with major issues in evaluation and treatment of fatigue. This chapter reviews the definition and assessment of fatigue, prevalence of fatigue in HIV/AIDS and its impact on patients, medical and psychological causes of fatigue, and evidence-based treatment strategies.
The Role of Psychiatric Disorders in HIV Transmission and Prevention
Authors: Hobkirk Andréa L. , Kalichman Seth C. , Stoff David M. , Meade Christina S. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Adults with severe mental illness (SMI) have been disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, with prevalence estimates ranging from 1% to 8% in the United States and up to 27% internationally. Compared to the general population, adults with SMI tend to engage in higher rates of sexual and drug use behaviors associated with HIV transmission. In addition, psychiatric illness can develop secondary to HIV infection and contribute to further transmission on HIV to others. HIV risk behavior is driven by several direct and indirect factors, including psychiatric symptoms, substance use, traumatic experience, socioeconomic status, and HIV infection itself. This chapter addresses the complex multidimensional relationship between psychiatric disorders and transmission of HIV as well as its prevention. This chapter also presents several HIV risk reduction interventions designed for vulnerable men and women in outpatient mental health clinics and the community.
Stellar envelopes of globular clusters embedded in dark mini-haloes
Authors: Peñarrubia Jorge , Varri Anna Lisa , Breen Philip G. , Ferguson Annette M. N. , Sánchez-Janssen Rubén 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We show that hard encounters in the central regions of globular clusters (GCs) embedded in dark matter (DM) haloes necessarily lead to the formation of gravitationally bound stellar envelopes that extend far beyond the nominal tidal radius of the system. Using statistical arguments and numerical techniques, we derive the equilibrium distribution function of stars ejected from the centre of a non-divergent spherical potential. Independently of the velocity distribution with which stars are ejected, GC envelopes have density profiles that approach asymptotically ρ ∼ r−4 at large distances and become isothermal towards the centre. Adding a DM halo component leaves two clear-cut observational signatures: (i) a flattening, or slightly increase of the projected velocity dispersion profile at large distances, and (ii) an outer surface density profile that is systematically shallower than in models with no DM.
Privatization with ‘Vested Interests’ in China
Authors: Zheng Yu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractVested interests have been blamed for resisting the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China. Yet, various interest groups have heterogeneous interests in privatization. Using both firm- and provincial-level data, we find that SOE managers and local bureaucrats—two key players of privatization—have contingent, rather than vested, interests in privatization, depending partly on their political connections with the central government. On the one hand, political connections motivate SOE managers to privatize more state ownership while retaining managerial control. On the other hand, central connections discourage provincial leaders from using privatization to boost their economic performance. These results shed light on the conditions under which China implements its economic reforms. With the increasing embeddedness and declining autonomy for policymakers, the once well-performing developmental state models now face serious challenges as politically powerful interest groups can manipulate economic reforms for their own purposes rather than for structural transformation.
BioBrick-based ‘Quick Gene Assembly’ in vitro
Authors: Yamazaki Ken-ichi , de Mora Kim , Saitoh Kensuke 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Because of the technological limitations of de novo DNA synthesis in (i) making constructs containing tandemly repeated DNA sequence units, (ii) making an unbiased DNA library containing DNA fragments with sequence multiplicity in a specific region of target genes, and (iii) replacing DNA fragments, development of efficient and reliable biochemical gene assembly methods is still anticipated. We succeeded in developing a biological standardized genetic parts that are flanked between a common upstream and downstream nucleotide sequences in an appropriate plasmid DNA vector (BioBrick)-based novel assembly method that can be used to assemble genes composed of 25 tandemly repeated BioBricks in the correct format in vitro. We named our new DNA part assembly system: ‘Quick Gene Assembly (QGA)’. The time required for finishing a sequential fusion of five BioBricks is less than 24 h. We believe that the QGA method could be one of the best methods for ‘gene construction based on engineering principles’ at the present time, and is also a method suitable for automation in the near future.
Skin and Wound Care in Lymphedema Patients: A Taxonomy, Primer, and Literature Review
Authors: Fife Caroline E. , Farrow Wade , Hebert Adelaide A. , Armer Nathan C. , Stewart Bob R. , Cormier Janice N. , Armer Jane M. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Lymphedema is a condition of localized protein-rich swelling from damaged or malfunctioning lymphatics. Because the immune system is compromised, there is a high risk of infection. Infection in patients with lymphedema may present in a variety of ways.

OBJECTIVE:
The goals of this review were to standardize the terminology of skin breakdown in the context of lymphedema, synthesize the available information to create best practice recommendations in support of the American Lymphedema Framework Project update to its Best Practices document, and create recommendations for further research.

DATA SOURCES:
Publications on skin care and wounds were retrieved, summarized, and evaluated by a team of investigators and clinical experts.

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:
Terms for lymphedema-associated skin breakdown were compiled and paired with photographs of commonly noted skin changes among patients with lymphedema. A list of standard dermatological terms was created. A more extensive literature search was then conducted by all authors.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Skin disorders associated with lymphedema have been classified into 5 categories. Descriptions, photographs, and recommendations for treatment are presented.

CONCLUSIONS:
Skin care is an important defense against infection. Because of the lack of research, a consensus of thought and content leaders’ opinion should guide the best practices for wound care in lymphedema.