bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Heparin-Mediated Extracorporeal Low-Density Lipoprotein Fibrinogen Precipitation Aphaeresis Prevents Early Graft Occlusion after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Oberhoffer Martin , Eifert Sandra , Jaeger Beate , Blessing Frithjof , Beiras-Fernandez A. , Seidel D. , Reichart B. 
Published: May 2016

Background Early graft occlusion due to thromboembolic events is a well-known complication after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Fibrinogen, the coagulation factor I, is a glycoprotein that is transformed by thrombin into fibrin. It plays a major role in thrombus formation and is highly elevated after CABG. Our aim was to determine if postoperative lowering of fibrinogen levels by H.E.L.P. (heparin-mediated extracorporeal low-density lipoprotein [LDL] fibrinogen precipitation) aphaeresis could reduce the rate of early graft occlusion in patients with hypercholesterolemia undergoing CABG.
Methods Between December 2004 and September 2009, 36 male patients with hypercholesterolemia (mean LDL cholesterol 128 ± 12 mg/dL), mean age 58 ± 9 years, underwent CABG. Mean preoperative fibrinogen level was 387 ± 17 mg/dL. H.E.L.P. aphaeresis was postoperatively performed when fibrinogen levels exceeded 350 mg/dL on day 1 and 250 mg/dL every consecutive day up to day 8. Pre- and postaphaeresis blood samples were obtained and plasma fibrinogen level reduction was calculated. Early graft occlusion was evaluated by means of coronary angiography or multislice computed tomography before discharge.
Results A total of 128 distal anastomoses were performed in 36 patients (mean 3.6/patient). Postoperatively, 191 H.E.L.P. aphaeresis sessions were performed (mean 5.3/patient). Fibrinogen levels were lowered from 391 ± 10 mg/dL (preaphaeresis) to 171 ± 5 mg/dL (postaphaeresis; p < 0.001). Coronary angiography (multislice computed tomography in 7 patients) revealed graft patency in 125 of 128 grafts (98% patency) with three occluded venous grafts to target vessels of 1.5 mm. H.E.L.P. aphaeresis-related complications were limited to hypotensive episodes in two patients and bacteremia in one patient.
Conclusions H.E.L.P. apheresis offers an easy, save, and efficient method to decrease fibrinogen postoperatively in patients having CABG. Showing excellent graft patency rates in comparison to the literature, this method is a promising tool to reduce early graft occlusion after CABG.
Keratin network modifications lead to the mechanical stiffening of the hair follicle fiber
Authors: Bornschlögl Thomas , Bildstein Lucien , Thibaut Sébastien , Santoprete Roberto , Fiat Françoise , Luengo Gustavo S. , Doucet Jean , Bernard Bruno A. , Baghdadli Nawel 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Mechanical properties of tissues often emerge from fibrous protein networks spanning multiple cell lengths. For the first time, to our knowledge, atomic force microscopy was used to measure the mechanical properties of the human hair follicle. We find a considerable stiffening along the first millimeter that we link to changes in the keratin network architecture and composition. In early keratinization stages, the thickening, densification, and increasing orientation of fibers are responsible for the mechanical stiffening, whereas in later stages, intermolecular cross-linking becomes predominant. Our results corroborate the known biological and structural events during hair keratinization and underline the link between the mechanical properties of the hair follicle and its multiscale tridimensional organization.
Estimating option values of solar radiation management assuming that climate sensitivity is uncertain
Authors: Arino Yosuke , Akimoto Keigo , Sano Fuminori , Homma Takashi , Oda Junichiro , Tomoda Toshimasa 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Stratospheric sulfur injection is an unprecedented manipulation of climate systems to rapidly decrease the global mean temperature and could entail environmental risk as well as confront ethical and governance challenges. Nonetheless, most studies have only evaluated impacts of solar radiation management (SRM) on the premise of its deployment. This paper presents one possible methodology for estimating option values of SRM assuming a fairly moderate scenario on SRM’s use compared with preceding literature, which would be helpful to examine realistic values of SRM for the society where social acceptability of SRM’s actual deployment is not high. Our results emphasize the near- to mid-term role of retaining SRM as a later risk-hedging option in the face of the uncertainty about climate sensitivity.
Causal evidence for frontal cortex organization for perceptual decision making
Authors: Rahnev Dobromir , Nee Derek Evan , Riddle Justin , Larson Alina Sue , D’Esposito Mark 
Published: May 2016

Significance
The frontal cortex has long been understood as the seat of higher level cognition. Recent research, however, highlights its role in modulating perception. Here, we present a theoretical framework for frontal involvement in perceptual decision making and test it with the causal technique of transcranial magnetic stimulation. We find that progressively rostral regions of frontal cortex are involved in the control of progressively later stages of perceptual decision making. These causal findings are further corroborated by functional MRI and simulations of a dynamic model of decision making. Our results point to a critical role of the frontal cortex in the control of perceptual processes and reveal its intrinsic organization in support of modulating perception.
Architecture of retinal projections to the central circadian pacemaker
Authors: Fernandez Diego Carlos , Chang Yi-Ting , Hattar Samer , Chen Shih-Kuo 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Most physiological processes exhibit circadian oscillations, which are synchronized by a central pacemaker located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). For this pacemaker to be biologically relevant, it must be entrained with external environmental cues such as the daily light/dark cycle. At present, details of how photic information is relayed from the retina to the SCN remain unclear. Using an array of genetic mouse lines, we found that the major peptidergic SCN neurons receive direct retinal input and that a single intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) bilaterally targets the SCN and sends axonal collaterals to several non-SCN regions. Together, our results suggest that the retina provides multifaceted synaptic inputs to the brain to mediate proper photic inputs to coordinately influence non-image–forming visual functions.
Increasing importance of deposition of reduced nitrogen in the United States
Authors: Li Yi , Schichtel Bret A. , Walker John T. , Schwede Donna B. , Chen Xi , Lehmann Christopher M. B. , Puchalski Melissa A. , Gay David A. , Collett Jeffrey L. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Human activities have greatly increased emissions of reactive forms of nitrogen to the atmosphere. This perturbation to the nitrogen cycle has produced large increases of nitrogen deposition to sensitive ecosystems. Over recent decades, attention has focused on wet and dry deposition of nitrate stemming from fossil fuel combustion emissions of nitrogen oxides. Successful decreases in nitrogen oxides emissions in the United States have substantially decreased nitrate deposition. By contrast, emissions of ammonia, an unregulated air pollutant, and resulting deposition of ammonium have grown. Expanded observations demonstrate that deposition of reactive nitrogen in the United States has shifted from a nitrate-dominated to an ammonium-dominated condition. Recognition of this shift is critical to formulating effective future policies to protect ecosystems from excess nitrogen deposition.
Hydrology and density feedbacks control the ecology of intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis across habitats in seasonal climates
Authors: Perez-Saez Javier , Mande Theophile , Ceperley Natalie , Bertuzzo Enrico , Mari Lorenzo , Gatto Marino , Rinaldo Andrea 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Some freshwater snail species are intermediate hosts in the life cycle of parasites causing human schistosomiasis, a neglected water-based disease (treatable but debilitating and poverty-reinforcing) affecting about 150 million people yearly in sub-Saharan Africa alone. Snail abundance is thus often the target of epidemiological control measures of schistosomiasis incidence. Our work studies the ecology of host snails through field campaigns and theoretical models within natural/artificial water habitats across Burkina Faso’s highly seasonal climatic zones. Snail abundance is shown to depend on hydrological controls and to obey density-dependent demographic evolution. Statistical methods based on model averaging yield reliable snail abundance projections. Quantitative predictions on epidemiological effects of water resources development, risk mapping, and the allocation of control measures appear within reach.
Myosin light chain phosphorylation enhances contraction of heart muscle via structural changes in both thick and thin filaments
Authors: Kampourakis Thomas , Sun Yin-Biao , Irving Malcolm 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Contraction of heart muscle is triggered by calcium binding to the actin-containing thin filaments but modulated by structural changes in the myosin-containing thick filaments. We showed that phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain generates a structural signal that is transmitted between myosin molecules in the thick filament and from the thick to the thin filaments, altering their calcium sensitivity. A closely related dual-filament signaling pathway underlies the enhanced contractility of heart muscle when it is stretched. These coordinated and cooperative changes in thick and thin filament structure are an essential component of contractile regulation in the healthy heart, and their impairment is likely to underlie the functional effects of mutations in thick filament proteins in heart disease.
Executive control in bilingual children
Authors: Marton Klara 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
While findings on the bilingual advantage in adults are mixed, the data from children are more consistent but still show variations. A number of factors influence the outcomes, such as individual bilingual characteristics, variations in target functions, and differences in task type. Our goal is to demonstrate that there is a complex relationship among these variables and that the outcomes of executive function (EF) studies depend on the interactions among these factors. Performance on EF is influenced by children's language proficiency, language use, age, socioeconomic status, and culture. These individual features show different interactions with different executive components. Bilingual and monolingual children differ in some EFs but not in others. Variations in tasks and other measurement issues further increase the differences in the results. We may better understand the nature of the bilingual advantage in children if we combine aspects of developmental science and language processing with hypotheses about bilingualism.
Fe-based amorphous coating with high corrosion and wear resistance
Authors: Ma H. R. , Chen X. Y. , Li J. W. , Chang C. T. , Wang G. , Li H. , Wang X. M. , Li R. W. 
Published: May 2016

The amorphous coating with a new developed composition of Fe63Cr8Mo3.5Ni5P10B4C4Si2.5 has been successfully prepared by high velocity oxygen fuel technique. The amorphous coating shows good corrosion and wear resistance, which compare favourably with those of the well-known SAM1651 (Fe48Mo14Cr15Y2C15B6) and SAM2X5 (Fe49.7Cr18Mn1.9Mo7.4W1.6B15.2C3.8Si2.4) amorphous coatings despite the absence of W, and very low Cr and Mo content. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Mott–Schottky analysis reveal that under high passive potentials the passive film on the coating reflects bi-layer structure and transpassive dissolution occurs, but the film can still remain passive due to slow ionic transport under these conditions. Donor densities of the passive films on the coatings are in the order of magnitude of 1021 cm−3 which is comparable to the reported values for passive films of SAM series amorphous coatings indicating the approximate stability of the passive film. In addition, the dominating wear mechanism of Fe-based amorphous coatings is oxidation wear. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Monitoring Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in Buprenorphine-Exposed in Vitro Fertilization Twins: A Case Study
Authors: Brandt Laura , Swoboda Patrick , Fischer Gabriele , Unger Annemarie 
Published: May 2016

Background: Prior studies have reported on the pregnancies and outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in special subpopulations; however, there is a lack of studies on opioid-exposed IVF-conceived neonates. Case Presentation: A young adult IVF-pregnant woman was maintained on buprenorphine throughout pregnancy and received follow-up from the addiction clinic from estimated gestational week 32. She delivered healthy dichorionic twins via cesarean section at 38 weeks gestational age (buprenorphine dose at time of delivery: 16 mg). All maternal supervised urinalysis taken as of gestational week 32 were negative for concomitant substances (prior to treatment initiation at the addiction clinic, only self-reports of abstinence from concomitant substances were available). Both healthy children (male birth weight: 3140 g, female birth weight: 2650 g) developed an unusual course of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) requiring extensive treatment (total morphine dose male: 22 mg, and female: 26.75 mg; length of treatment: 33 and 34 days, respectively; duration of hospitalization: 40 days). Discussion: The highly severe and long-lasting NAS in both neonates represents a very unusual course following an uneventful pregnancy, and influencing iatrogenic factors cannot be ruled out. Given the multiple variables influencing infant outcomes, this highlights the importance of high-quality, evidence-based standard operating procedures, which (1) are initiated as early as possible during pregnancy to minimize risk factors for adverse infant outcomes, such as concomitant substance use during pregnancy; (2) support the substance-dependent woman throughout the postpartum period, especially in cases of multiple and/or IVF-conceived pregnancies, where additional challenges may arise; and (3) consider the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.
Final report. SIM comparison in mass standards SIM.M.M-K5
Authors: Becerra L O , Peña L M , Luján L , Díaz J C , Centeno L M , Loayza V , Cacais F , Ramos O , Rodriguez S , Garcia Fr , Garcia Fe , Leyton F , Santo C , Caceres J , Kornblit F , Leiblich J , Jacques C 
Published: May 2016

This report summarizes the results of a SIM comparison in masss carried out between 7 NMIs. Five mass standards with nominal values 2 kg, 200 g, 50 g, 1 g and 200 mg have been circulated by the NMIs. The results reported by the participants are consistent with each other and with the key comparison reference valu of the comparison CCM.M-K5 to which the present comparison has been linked.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
The Institutional Design of Arms Control Agreements
Authors: Kreps Sarah E. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The question of international cooperation on nuclear security presents states with a conundrum. While states are wary of the potential for cheating and opportunism that would favor more legalized agreements, highly legalized agreements also create the risk of being constrained in an agreement with which others might not comply, leaving one state vulnerable. How do states balance these competing incentives? Through the study of all arms control agreements concluded, negotiated, and seriously considered since 1945, this analysis finds that at least some aspects of the legalization parameters that would make commitments more credible and sustainable through the future—in particular obligation and to a lesser extent delegation—also make bargaining over the terms of cooperation more difficult, sometimes delaying if not altogether subverting that process. These findings have implications not just for how theories of institutional design and cooperation apply to nuclear issues but also for policies related to the conduct of arms control negotiations.
The influence of wildlife water developments and vegetation on rodent abundance in the Great Basin Desert
Authors: Kluever Bryan M. , Gese Eric M. , Dempsey Steven J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRodent communities have multiple functions including comprising a majority of the mammalian diversity within an ecosystem, providing a significant portion of the available biomass consumed by predators, and contributing to ecosystem services. Despite the importance of rodent communities, few investigations have explored the effects of increasing anthropogenic modifications to the landscape on rodents. Throughout the western United States, the construction of artificial water developments to benefit game species is commonplace. While benefits for certain species have been documented, several researchers recently hypothesized that these developments may cause unintentional negative effects to desert-adapted species and communities. To test this idea, we sampled rodents near to and distant from wildlife water developments over 4 consecutive summers. We employed an asymmetrical before-after-control-impact (BACI) design with sampling over 4 summers to determine if water developments influenced total rodent abundance. We performed an additional exploratory analysis to determine if factors other than free water influenced rodent abundance. We found no evidence that water developments impacted rodent abundance. Rodent abundance was primarily driven by vegetation type and year of sampling. Our findings suggested that water developments on our study area do not represent a significant disturbance to rodent abundance and that rodent abundance was influenced by the vegetative community and temporal factors linked to precipitation and primary plant production. Our findings represent one of the 1st efforts to determine the effects of an anthropogenic activity on the rodent community utilizing a manipulation design.
Toward Complete Inclusion: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Military Service Members after Repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell
Authors: Alford Brandon , Lee Shawna J. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The 2010 repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell (DADT) is one example of how U.S. public policy has shifted toward greater inclusion of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. The repeal of DADT reversed the practice of discharging LGB service members on the basis of sexual identity. LGB service members may now serve their country without fear of direct repercussions stemming from sexual identity. Though it is a statutory step toward parity, DADT repeal does not address a number of cultural and institutional inequities that continue to hinder full inclusion of sexual minority service members. Notably, as discussed in this article, DADT largely ignores issues facing the transgender population. This study examines remaining inequities and their ramifications for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender service members and their families. The article concludes with practice and policy recommendations for culturally competent social work practice with military service members across the sexual identity spectrum.
The potential for adaptive maintenance of diversity in insect antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Unckless Robert L. , Lazzaro Brian P. 
Published: May 2016

Genes involved in immune defence are among the fastest evolving in the genomes of many species. Interestingly, however, genes encoding antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown little evidence for adaptive divergence in arthropods, despite the centrality of these peptides in direct killing of microbial pathogens. This observation, coupled with a failure to detect phenotypic consequence of genetic variation in AMPs, has led to the hypothesis that individual AMPs make minor contributions to overall immune defence and that AMPs instead act as a collective cocktail. Recent data, however, have suggested an alternative explanation for the apparent lack of adaptive divergence in AMP genes. Molecular evolutionary and phenotypic data have begun to suggest that variant AMP alleles may be maintained through balancing selection in invertebrates, a pattern similar to that observed in several vertebrate AMPs. Signatures of balancing selection include high rates of non-synonymous polymorphism, trans-species amino acid polymorphisms, and convergence of amino acid states across the phylogeny. In this review, we revisit published literature on insect AMP genes and analyse newly available population genomic datasets inDrosophila, finding enrichment for patterns consistent with adaptive maintenance of polymorphism.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evolutionary ecology of arthropod antimicrobial peptides’.
First reported case of Campylobacter lanienae enteritis in a human
Authors: Lévesque Simon , Lemay Frédéric , Bekal Sadjia , Frost Eric H. , Michaud Sophie 
Published: May 2016

Introduction:
Campylobacters are the most frequently identified bacteria causing diarrhoea in humans worldwide. Campylobacter lanienae was isolated for the first time in 2000 from faecal samples of two asymptomatic abattoir workers in Switzerland during a routine hygiene screen, but has never been associated with human disease.

Case presentation:
At hospital admission, the patient reported diarrhoea, lower abdominal cramps, nausea, one episode of bilious vomiting and low-grade fever of 38 °C. The patient was having 10 or more diarrheic stools per day as well as during the night, and had noticed blood mixed with the stools on several occasions. Stool cultures were negative for species of Salmonella and Shigella, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Yersinia enterocolitica, but were positive for C. lanienae. Identification was made by classical biochemical testing, as well as 16S rRNA gene and cpn60 sequencing. The patient slowly improved without antibiotic treatment and was discharged nine days after admission with complete resolution of symptoms.

Conclusion:
On the whole it seems very likely that C. lanienae was the causative agent. Clinical microbiologists should be aware of this micro-organism which can be identified by phenotypic and molecular methods. The real burden of C. lanienae infection in humans might be underestimated and should be further investigated as a potential cause of human diarrhoea disease.