bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predator ontogeny affects expression of inducible defense morphology in rotifers
Authors: Zhang Huan , Brönmark Christer , Hansson Lars‐Anders 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMany prey organisms show induced morphological responses to predators including changes in protective spine length, such as in rotifers, although previous studies have mainly focused on how prey become larger than the predator gape‐size optimum. Here we show that a large‐sized predator makes prey rotifers escape below the gape‐size optimum of the predator by reducing spine length. In experiments and field studies we show that during part of their ontogeny fish larvae feed intensively on the common rotifer Keratella cochlearis, and that larval fish predation reduces rotifer spine length both through induction of shorter spines and selective predation on long‐spined individuals. We also describe a global scale pattern in spine length of K. cochlearis, showing an increasing variance in spine length with latitude. This pattern may be explained by differences in fish reproduction from once per year at high latitudes to several times per year at lower latitudes. That spine length is adaptively adjusted to the ontogeny of a dominant predator taxa provides a novel view on our understanding of factors affecting temporal and spatial variations in prey defense morphology.
Oxidative stability of pullulan electrospun fibers containing fish oil: Effect of oil content and natural antioxidants addition
Authors: García‐Moreno Pedro J. , Damberg Cecilie , Chronakis Ioannis S. , Jacobsen Charlotte 
Published: July 2017

The effect of oil content and addition of natural antioxidants on the morphology and oxidative stability of pullulan ultra‐thin fibers loaded with fish oil and obtained by electrospinning was investigated. Pullulan sub‐micron fibers containing 10 and 30 wt% fish oil were prepared and both presented beads where the oil accumulated. The number of beads was significantly higher in 30 wt% oil‐loaded fibers. Moreover, fibers containing 30 wt% fish oil had a higher oxidative stability when compared to 10 wt% oil‐loaded fibers, despite its lower encapsulation efficiency (EE) value (67.1 ± 3.1%). The oxidative stability of fibers loaded with 10 wt% fish oil (EE = 88.5 ± 0.7%) was significantly improved when adding δ‐tocopherol (500 ppm) and rosemary extract (500 ppm) as antioxidants. However, higher concentration of antioxidants (2000 ppm δ‐tocopherol and 1000 ppm rosemary extract) did not further improve the oxidative stability of 10 wt% oil‐loaded fibers, but had a pro‐oxidant effect. Finally, the production of pullulan fibers containing 10 wt% fish oil from formic acid solutions increased the oxidative stability of the fibers when compared to the same type of fibers obtained from water solutions. The latter was observed for fibers without and with antioxidants (500 ppm of δ‐tocopherol and 500 ppm of rosemary extract).Practical applications: Encapsulation of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and addition of antioxidants are the most efficient strategies to protect these lipids against oxidation when incorporating them into food matrices. These results show the feasibility to encapsulate fish oil in pullulan ultra‐thin fibers and to improve their oxidative stability by adding natural antioxidants such as δ‐tocopherol and rosemary extract. Therefore, this study might open up new opportunities for further technological development in the production of omega‐3 nanodelivery systems, which have potential applications in different types of fortified foods.Encapsulation of fish oil in electrospun pullulan fibers stabilized by natural antioxidants.
Water‐Soluble Binders for Lithium‐Ion Battery Graphite Electrodes: Slurry Rheology, Coating Adhesion, and Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Jeschull Fabian , Brandell Daniel , Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens Margret , Memm Michaela 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWater‐processable composite electrodes are attractive both ecologically and economically. The binders sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC‐Na) and poly(sodium acrylate) (PAA‐Na) were shown to have improved electrochemical performance over conventional binders. In many studies, a binder content of approximately 10 wt % has been applied, which is not suitable for large‐scale electrode production due to viscosity and energy‐density considerations. Therefore, we examined herein three electrode formulations with binder contents of 4 wt %, namely, CMC‐Na:SBR (SBR=styrene butadiene rubber), PAA‐Na, and CMC‐Na:PAA‐Na, on both laboratory and pilot scales. The formulations were evaluated on the basis of slurry rheology, coating adhesion, and electrochemical behavior in half‐ and full‐cells. CMC‐Na:SBR composites provided the best coating adhesion, independent of the mass loading and scale, and also showed the best capacity retention after 100 cycles. Previously reported merits of better cycling efficiencies and solid–electrolyte interphase formation for graphite–PAA composites appeared to vanish upon reducing the binder content to realistic levels.
On improvement of water quality of a reservoir by optimizing water exchange
Authors: You Xue‐yi , Zhang Chun‐xue 
Published: July 2017

Reservoirs provide important water resources for economic and social sustainable development. However, many shallow reservoirs are confronted with the problem of severe eutrophication. In this study, a method of optimizing the water exchange of reservoir was proposed to improve the water quality. The improvement was evaluated by the spatial and temporal eutrophic state of the reservoirs predicted by the water quality parameters, algal growth limitation factors and eutrophic state level. Three optimized schemes were designed, as an example, to improve the water exchange of Tianjin Erwangzhuang Reservoir. The results showed that the water quality of the reservoir is improved by the increase of water exchange. The best optimized design scheme for improving water quality was to open multiple gates and lift the amount of water in and out of the reservoir. The result indicated that the Trophic State Index was reduced from the range of 37.8 and 43.1 of the original scheme to that of 35.20 and 26.50 after about 160 day operations of the best optimized design scheme. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 399–409, 2018
Simultaneous occurrence of nonepileptic and epileptic seizures during a single period of in‐patient video‐electroencephalographic monitoring
Authors: El‐Naggar Hany , Moloney Patrick , Widdess‐Walsh Peter , Kilbride Ronan , Delanty Norman , Mullins Gerard 
Published: July 2017

SummaryEpilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) can coexist and may present in two forms: sequential and simultaneous. In sequential presentations, epileptic seizures (ES) are treated and PNES emerge later. Simultaneous recording of ES and PNES by video‐electroencephalogram (vEEG) is less well described. We retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with PNES by vEEG following standard seizure induction practices over a 21‐month period. Within this cohort, we established the prevalence of coexisting epilepsy using clinical and electrographic data acquired from our epilepsy‐specific patient record. We identified patients with simultaneous PNES and ES recorded during a single vEEG admission, establishing the frequency and emergent timing of each type. Of our 262 monitored patients, 59 were diagnosed with PNES. Nineteen of the patients with PNES had coexisting epilepsy (prevalence rate of 7.3% or 32% of those with PNES). Sixteen patients had PNES and ES recorded during the same admission, and the remaining three patients had sequential PNES following successful treatment of ES. PNES occurred earlier (mean, within 1.21 days), with ES occurring later (mean, within 4.86 days). The simultaneous occurrence of PNES and ES recorded during a single admission is more common than previously reported. Identifying this group of patients may require a significantly longer period of vEEG monitoring and a detailed analysis of each individual's historical seizure events.
Being similar while judging right and wrong: The effects of personal and situational similarity on moral judgements
Authors: Pascal Emilia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of similarity with the transgressor and the victim on the perceived immorality of the transgression. Participants read two stories describing a person that cheated on their partner and a police officer that mistreated somebody. In the first story we manipulated participants' personal similarity to the transgressor and in the second their personal similarity to the victim. In each story, participants' past situational similarity to the target character was assessed according to their previous experiences of being in the same position. Results show that both personal and past situational similarity to the transgressor determine less severe moral judgements, while personal and past situational similarity with the victim have the opposite effect. We also tested several potential mediators of these effects, derived from competing theoretical accounts of the influence of similarity on perceived responsibility. Empathy emerged as mediating most of the effects of similarity on moral judgements, except those induced by past situational similarity with the victim. The foreseen probability of being in a similar situation mediated only the effects of similarity to the transgressor, and not those of similarity to the victim. Overall, results highlight the complex mechanisms of the influences of similarity on moral judgements.
Kynurenine, a Tryptophan Metabolite That Accumulates With Age, Induces Bone Loss
Authors: Refaey Mona El , McGee-Lawrence Meghan E , Fulzele Sadanand , Kennedy Eileen J , Bollag Wendy B , Elsalanty Mohammed , Zhong Qing , Ding Ke-Hong , Bendzunas Nathaniel G , Shi Xing-ming , Xu Jianrui , Hill William D , Johnson Maribeth H , Hunter Monte , Pierce Jessica L , Yu Kanglun , Hamrick Mark W , Isales Carlos M 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Age-dependent bone loss occurs in humans and in several animal species, including rodents. The underlying causal mechanisms are probably multifactorial, although an age-associated increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species has been frequently implicated. We previously reported that aromatic amino acids function as antioxidants, are anabolic for bone, and that they may potentially play a protective role in an aging environment. We hypothesized that upon oxidation the aromatic amino acids would not only lose their anabolic effects but also potentially become a catabolic byproduct. When measured in vivo in C57BL/6 mice, the tryptophan oxidation product and kynurenine precursor, N-formylkynurenine (NFK), was found to increase with age. We tested the direct effects of feeding kynurenine (kyn) on bone mass and also tested the short-term effects of intraperitoneal kyn injection on bone turnover in CD-1 mice. μCT analyses showed kyn-induced bone loss. Levels of serum markers of osteoclastic activity (pyridinoline [PYD] and RANKL) increased significantly with kyn treatment. In addition, histological and histomorphometric studies showed an increase in osteoclastic activity in the kyn-treated groups in both dietary and injection-based studies. Further, kyn treatment significantly increased bone marrow adiposity, and BMSCs isolated from the kyn-injected mice exhibited decreased mRNA expression of Hdac3 and its cofactor NCoR1 and increased expression of lipid storage genes Cidec and Plin1. A similar pattern of gene expression is observed with aging. In summary, our data show that increasing kyn levels results in accelerated skeletal aging by impairing osteoblastic differentiation and increasing osteoclastic resorption. These data would suggest that kyn could play a role in age-induced bone loss. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Hydrogen‐Bonded Polymer–Porphyrin Assemblies in Water: Supramolecular Structures for Light Energy Conversion
Authors: Kutz Anne , Alex Wiebke , Krieger Anja , Gröhn Franziska 
Published: July 2017

In this study, a new type of functional, self‐assembled nanostructure formed from porphyrins and polyamidoamine dendrimers based on hydrogen bonding in an aqueous solution is presented. As the aggregates formed are promising candidates for solar‐energy conversion, their photocatalytic activity is tested using the model reaction of methyl viologen reduction. The self‐assembled structures show significantly increased activity as compared to unassociated porphyrins. Details of interaction forces driving the supramolecular structure formation and regulating catalytic efficiency are fundamentally discussed.
image
A rapid 3D fat–water decomposition method using globally optimal surface estimation (R‐GOOSE)
Authors: Cui Chen , Shah Abhay , Wu Xiaodong , Jacob Mathews 
Published: July 2017

PurposeTo improve the graph model of our previous work GOOSE for fat‐water decomposition with higher computational efficiency and quantitative accuracy.MethodsA modification of the GOOSE fat water decomposition algorithm is introduced while the global convergence guarantees of GOOSE are still inherited to minimize fat‐water swaps and phase wraps. In this paper, two non‐equidistant graph optimization frameworks are proposed as a single‐step framework termed as rapid GOOSE (R‐GOOSE), and a multi‐step framework termed as multi‐scale R‐GOOSE (mR‐GOOSE). Both frameworks contain considerably less graph connectivity than GOOSE, resulting in a great computation reduction thus making it readily applicable to multidimensional fat water applications. The quantitative accuracy and computational time of the novel frameworks are compared with GOOSE on the 2012 ISMRM Challenge datasets to demonstrate the improvement in performance.ResultsBoth frameworks accomplish the same level of high accuracy as GOOSE among all datasets. Compared to 100 layers in GOOSE, only 8 layers were used in the new graph model. Computational time is lowered by an order of magnitude to around 5 s for each dataset in (mR‐GOOSE), R‐GOOSE achieves an average run‐time of 8 s.ConclusionThe proposed method provides fat–water decomposition results with a lower run‐time and higher accuracy compared to the previously proposed GOOSE algorithm. Magn Reson Med 79:2401–2407, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Severe insulin resistance: pathologies
Authors: Melvin Audrey , Stears Anna 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn parallel with the increasing prevalence of obesity, rates of insulin resistance and its associated complications have increased; however, insulin resistance is not only a disease of the overweight and obese. Disorders of adipose tissue expandability and insulin receptor signalling cause syndromes of severe insulin resistance that may go unrecognised in clinical practice but whose metabolic complications are significant and often the initial presentation of the condition.This review will discuss the differing pathologies mediating insulin resistance that may be seen in clinical practice and will outline the phenotypic characteristics that may allow their differentiation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons.
Deprotonation states of the two active site water molecules regulate the binding of protein phosphatase 5 with its substrate: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Wang Lingyun , Yan Feng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractProtein phosphatase 5 (PP5), mainly localized in human brain, can dephosphorylate tau protein whose high level of phosphorylation is related to Alzheimer's disease. Similar to other protein phosphatases, PP5 has a conserved motif in the catalytic domain that contains two binding sites for manganese (Mn2+) ions. Structural data indicate that two active site water molecules, one bridging the two Mn2+ ions and the other terminally coordinated with one of the Mn2+ ions (Mn1), are involved in catalysis. Recently, a density functional theory study revealed that the two water molecules can be both deprotonated to keep a neutral active site for catalysis. The theoretical study gives us an insight into the catalytic mechanism of PP5, but the knowledge of how the deprotonation states of the two water molecules affect the binding of PP5 with its substrate is still lacking. To approach this problem, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to model the four possible deprotonation states. Through structural, dynamical and energetic analyses, the results demonstrate that the deprotonation states of the two water molecules affect the structure of the active site including the distance between the two Mn2+ ions and their coordination, impact the interaction energy of residues R275, R400 and H304 which directly interact with the substrate phosphoserine, and mediate the dynamics of helix αJ which is involved in regulation of the enzyme's activity. Furthermore, the deprotonation state that is preferable for PP5 binding of its substrate has been identified. These findings could provide new design strategy for PP5 inhibitor.
Screening and structural and functional investigation of a novel ferritin from Phascolosoma esculenta
Authors: Ding Hongwei , Zhang Dijun , Chu Shuangshuang , Zhou Jun , Su Xiurong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFerritins are primary iron storage proteins and play a crucial role in iron storage and detoxification. Yeast two‐hybrid method was employed to screen the cDNA library of Phascolosoma esculenta. Sequence of positive colony FER147 was analyzed. The higher similarity and conserved motifs for ferritin indicated that it belonged to a new member of ferritin family. The interaction between Ferritin and Fer147 was further confirmed through co‐immunoprecipitation. The pET‐28a‐FER147 prokaryotic expression vector was constructed. The expressed recombinant Fer147 was then isolated, purified, and refolded. When ferritins were treated by different heavy metals, several detection methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), circular dichroism (CD), and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) were applied to examine the structures and functions of the new protein Fer147, recombinant P. esculenta ferritin (Rferritin), and natural horse‐spleen ferritin (Hferritin). SEM revealed that the three ferritin aggregates changed obviously after different heavy metals treatment, meanwhile, a little different in aggregates were detected when the ferritins were trapped by the same heavy metal. Hence, changes in aggregation structure of the three proteins are related to the nature of the different heavy metals and the interaction between the heavy metals and the three ferritins. CD data suggested that the secondary structure of the three ferritins hardly changed after different heavy metals were trapped. ICP–MS revealed that the ferritins exhibit different enrichment capacities for various heavy metals. In particular, the enrichment capacity of the recombinant Fer147 and Rferritin is much higher than that of hferritin.
Time and Space in Strategy Discourse: Implications for Intertemporal Choice
Authors: Crilly Donal 
Published: July 2017

Research summary: When describing the future, executives draw analogies between time and space (“we are on the right path,” “the deadline is approaching”). These analogies shape how executives construe the future and influence attitudes to action with long‐term benefits but short‐term costs. Ego‐moving frames (“we are approaching the future”) prompt a focus on the present, whereas time‐moving frames (“the future is approaching”) underscore the advent of the future as inevitable. Ultimately, action that prioritizes long‐term returns depends both on how executives conceive of the future and whether they believe they can engender favorable outcomes. This balance between recognizing the inevitability of the future (time‐moving frame) and the capacity to shape outcomes (control beliefs) stands in contrast to the more agentic forms of discourse that are dominant in strategy.Managerial summary: Executives often prioritize maximizing immediate returns over investing to build a long‐term competitive advantage. How they think about the future offers one explanation for this short‐termism. This article distinguishes two ways of framing the future with implications for decision‐making. Are we approaching the future (the ego‐moving frame) or is it approaching us (the time‐moving frame)? As long as executives have confidence in their ability to achieve forecasted results, they focus on long‐term returns in their decision‐making when they recognize the advent of the future as inevitable (the time‐moving frame). In contrast, though executives use the ego‐moving frame to show that they are active agents, they weigh future returns less heavily when framing the future in this way. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐production in climate change research: reviewing different perspectives
Authors: Bremer Scott , Meisch Simon 
Published: July 2017

Notions of ‘co‐production’ are growing in popularity in social science and humanities research on climate change, although there is some ambiguity about the meanings of the term and how it is being used. It is time to critically and reflexively take stock of this expanding area of scholarship. A comprehensive review of over 130 scientific publications first mapped the scholars using co‐production, relative to characteristics like their discipline, nationality, and research themes. Second, it looked at how this diversity of scientific perspectives has opened up a multiplicity of meanings of co‐production. While most discussions of co‐production stop at a basic distinction between descriptive and normative uses of the term, this review unpacked eight conceptual lenses on co‐production, each discernible by its particular emphases, academic traditions, logic, and criteria of success. There are two important implications of this work. On one hand, it urges self‐reflexive transparency when using co‐production concepts. The multiple meanings attached to co‐production add richness to the concept and open it up to different uses. However, it is important that scholars clearly communicate how they use the term and are mindful of what they ‘buy into’ by using the concept in certain ways. On the other hand, there are tensions between the different perspectives as well as opportunities for combining them into a compound concept of co‐production. In this way, co‐production is reconceptualized as a prism, where each aspect allows different but complimentary insights on the relationship between science, society, and nature.WIREs Clim Change2017, 8:e482. doi: 10.1002/wcc.482This article is categorized under:Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice