bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic Properties Affected by Topsoil Thickness in Switchgrass and Corn–Soybean Cropping Systems
Authors: Zaibon Syaharudin , Anderson Stephen H. , Kitchen Newell R. , Haruna Samuel I. 
Published: September 2016

Core IdeasGrowing a cellulosic bioenergy crop on degraded soils helps restore soil function.Switchgrass improved hydraulic properties of degraded claypan landscapes.Depth to claypan horizon was the main factor controlling these hydraulic properties.Loss of productive topsoil by erosion with time can reduce the productive capacity of soil and can significantly affect soil physical and hydraulic properties. This study evaluated the effects of reduced topsoil thickness and perennial switchgrass (Panicum virgatumL.) vs. a corn (Zea maysL.)–soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] rotation on soil bulk density (ρb), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), soil water retention, and pore size distributions. The experiment was conducted at the University of Missouri South Farm on a Mexico silt loam (a Vertic Epiaqualf). Plots with the corn–soybean rotation and switchgrass were established in 2009 with four replicates. Twenty‐seven years after establishment, plots with selected topsoil thickness were grouped into four treatments (TopA [4 cm], TopB [11 cm], TopC [22 cm], and TopD [36 cm]). Undisturbed soil cores, 76 by 76 mm, were collected by 10‐ cm depth increments from the surface to the 40‐cm depth. Results showed that soil under switchgrass had 53 and 27% higher macroporosity (>1000‐ μm diameter) and coarse mesoporosity (60–1000‐μm diameter), respectively, than row crop management. This led to 73% greaterKsatand 11% higher water content at saturation than row crop management. Thicker topsoil treatments (TopC and TopD) had consistently lower ρband greaterKsatthan the shallow topsoil treatments (TopA and TopB) for all sampling depths. These results imply that switchgrass production systems significantly improve soil hydraulic properties, particularly in eroded claypan landscapes.
Use of a continuous positive airways pressure device for awake open shoulder surgery in a patient with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Chhaniyara Puja , Hewson David , Bedforth Nigel 
Published: September 2016

SummaryA 59‐year‐old male with severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), a body mass index (BMI) of 46, and a predicted difficult airway was scheduled for open left shoulder rotator cuff repair. After preoperative multidisciplinary discussion, and with the patient's informed consent, surgery was performed awake under an interscalene block. We anticipated our patient would develop dyspnoea due to ipsilateral phrenic nerve palsy following the nerve block and therefore applied his own continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device intra‐operatively. We provided effective postoperative analgesia by using a continuous infusion of local anaesthetic through an interscalene peri‐neural catheter.Open shoulder surgery can be safely performed on patients with multiple co‐morbidities using carefully employed regional anaesthesia. The dyspnoea created by phrenic nerve block can be compensated for by applying CPAP.
Differences in Regional Brain Responses to Food Ingestion After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and the Role of Gut Peptides: A Neuroimaging Study
Authors: Hunt Katharine F. , Dunn Joel T. , le Roux Carel W. , Reed Laurence J. , Marsden Paul K. , Patel Ameet G. , Amiel Stephanie A. 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE
Improved appetite control, possibly mediated by exaggerated gut peptide responses to eating, may contribute to weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This study compared brain responses to food ingestion between post-RYGB (RYGB), normal weight (NW), and obese (Ob) unoperated subjects and explored the role of gut peptide responses in RYGB.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Neuroimaging with [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography was performed in 12 NW, 21 Ob, and 9 RYGB (18 ± 13 months postsurgery) subjects after an overnight fast, once FED (400 kcal mixed meal), and once FASTED, in random order. RYGB subjects repeated the studies with somatostatin infusion and basal insulin replacement. Fullness, sickness, and postscan ad libitum meal consumption were measured. Regional brain FDG uptake was compared using statistical parametric mapping.

RESULTS
RYGB subjects had higher overall fullness and food-induced sickness and lower ad libitum consumption. Brain responses to eating differed in the hypothalamus and pituitary (exaggerated activation in RYGB), left medial orbital cortex (OC) (activation in RYGB, deactivation in NW), right dorsolateral frontal cortex (deactivation in RYGB and NW, absent in Ob), and regions mapping to the default mode network (exaggerated deactivation in RYGB). Somatostatin in RYGB reduced postprandial gut peptide responses, sickness, and medial OC activation.

CONCLUSIONS
RYGB induces weight loss by augmenting normal brain responses to eating in energy balance regions, restoring lost inhibitory control, and altering hedonic responses. Altered postprandial gut peptide responses primarily mediate changes in food-induced sickness and OC responses, likely to associate with food avoidance.
A Consistent Implementation of Inelastic Material Models into Steady State Rolling
Authors: Garcia Mario A. , Kaliske Michael , Wang Jin , Bhashyam Grama 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Rolling contact is an important aspect in tire design, and reliable numerical simulations are required in order to improve the tire layout, performance, and safety. This includes the consideration of as many significant characteristics of the materials as possible. An example is found in the nonlinear and inelastic properties of the rubber compounds.
For numerical simulations of tires, steady state rolling is an efficient alternative to standard transient analyses, and this work makes use of an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation for the computation of the inertia contribution. Since the reference configuration is neither attached to the material nor fixed in space, handling history variables of inelastic materials becomes a complex task. A standard viscoelastic material approach is implemented. In the inelastic steady state rolling case, one location in the cross-section depends on all material locations on its circumferential ring. A consistent linearization is formulated taking into account the contribution of all finite elements connected in the hoop direction. As an outcome of this approach, the number of nonzero values in the general stiffness matrix increases, producing a more populated matrix that has to be solved.
This implementation is done in the commercial finite element code ANSYS. Numerical results confirm the reliability and capabilities of the linearization for the steady state viscoelastic material formulation. A discussion on the results obtained, important remarks, and an outlook on further research conclude this work.
A Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Investigating Air-Pumping Mechanisms in Air-Borne Tire Noise
Authors: Gautam Prashanta , Chandy Abhilash J. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

The reduction in power train noise over the past decade has led to an increased focus in reducing tire/road noise, largely due to the environmental concerns related to road traffic noise in industrial countries. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations conducted using ANSYS FLUENT are presented here with the objective of understanding air-pumping noise-generation mechanisms due to tire/road interaction. The CFD model employs a large eddy simulation turbulence modeling approach, in which the filtered compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved to obtain temporally and spatially accurate near-field pressure fluctuations for a two-dimensional (2D) tire geometry with (1) one groove and (2) two grooves. In addition, the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) acoustic model is used to predict far-field acoustics. The deformation of the grooves, as the tire rotates, is represented by prescribed sidewall movements. Consequently, the solution to the numerical problem is obtained through a single process, thereby enabling the prediction of small-scale air pumping, horn effect, and far-field acoustics in a single simulation. The acoustic characteristics associated with air pumping are studied through spectral analysis tools, and comparisons show that the additional groove on the horn geometry alters the spectral characteristics of air pumping. Validation of the model is conducted through qualitative and quantitative comparisons with previous studies. These simulations are intended to provide a deeper understanding about the small-scale noise generation as well as the near-field and far-field acoustics, thereby paving the way for the automotive manufacturer to compare a variety of air-related tire noise characteristics without spending time and money for vehicle pass-by tests.
REFLECTED CHARGED PARTICLE POPULATIONS AROUND DIPOLAR LUNAR MAGNETIC ANOMALIES
Authors: Deca Jan , Divin Andrey 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
In this work we analyze and compare the reflected particle populations for both a horizontal and a vertical dipole model embedded in the lunar surface, representing the solar wind interaction with two different lunar magnetic anomaly (LMA) structures. Using the 3D full-kinetic electromagnetic code iPic3D, in combination with a test-particle approach to generate particle trajectories, we focus on the ion and electron dynamics. Whereas the vertical model electrostatically reflects ions upward under both near-parallel and near-perpendicular angles with respect to the lunar surface, the horizontal model only has a significant shallow component. Characterizing the electron dynamics, we find that the interplay of the mini-magnetosphere electric and magnetic fields is capable of temporarily trapping low-energy electrons and possibly ejecting them upstream. Our results are in agreement with recent high-resolution observations. Low- to medium-altitude ion and electron observations might be excellent indicators to complement orbital magnetic field measurements and better uncover the underlying magnetic field structure. The latter is of particular importance in defining the correlation between LMAs and lunar swirls, and further testing the solar wind shielding hypothesis for albedo markings due to space weathering. Observing more reflected ions does not necessarily point to the existence of a mini-magnetosphere.
PANCHROMATIC IMAGING OF A TRANSITIONAL DISK: THE DISK OF GM AUR IN OPTICAL AND FUV SCATTERED LIGHT
Authors: Hornbeck J. B. , Swearingen J. R. , Grady C. A. , Williger G. M. , Brown A. , Sitko M. L. , Wisniewski J. P. , Perrin M. D. , Lauroesch J. T. , Schneider G. , Apai D. , Brittain S. , Brown J. M. , Champney E. H. , Hamaguchi K. , Henning Th. , Lynch D. K. , Petre R. , Russell R. W. , Walter F. M. , Woodgate B. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We have imaged GM Aurigae with the Hubble Space Telescope, detected its disk in scattered light at 1400 and 1650 Å, and compared these with observations at 3300 Å, 5550 Å, 1.1 μm, and 1.6 μm. The scattered light increases at shorter wavelengths. The radial surface brightness profile at 3300 Å shows no evidence of the 24 au radius cavity that has been previously observed in submillimeter observations. Comparison with dust grain opacity models indicates that the surface of the entire disk is populated with submicron grains. We have compiled a spectral energy distribution from 0.1 μm to 1 mm and used it to constrain a model of the star + disk system that includes the submillimeter cavity using the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code by Barbara Whitney. The best-fit model image indicates that the cavity should be detectable in the F330W bandpass if the cavity has been cleared of both large and small dust grains, but we do not detect it. The lack of an observed cavity can be explained by the presence of submicron grains interior to the submillimeter cavity wall. We suggest one explanation for this that could be due to a planet of mass <9 M

J
interior to 24 au. A unique cylindrical structure is detected in the far-UV data from the Advanced Camera for Surveys/Solar Blind Channel. It is aligned along the system semiminor axis, but does not resemble an accretion-driven jet. The structure is limb brightened and extends 190 ± 35 au above the disk midplane. The inner radius of the limb brightening is 40 ± 10 au, just beyond the submillimeter cavity wall.
SUPPLEMENT: “GOING THE DISTANCE: MAPPING HOST GALAXIES OF LIGO AND VIRGO SOURCES IN THREE DIMENSIONS USING LOCAL COSMOGRAPHY AND TARGETED FOLLOW-UP” (2016, ApJL, 829, L15)
Authors: Singer Leo P. , Chen Hsin-Yu , Holz Daniel E. , Farr Will M. , Price Larry R. , Raymond Vivien , Cenko S. Bradley , Gehrels Neil , Cannizzo John , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Nissanke Samaya , Coughlin Michael , Farr Ben , Urban Alex L. , Vitale Salvatore , Veitch John , Graff Philip , Berry Christopher P. L. , Mohapatra Satya , Mandel Ilya 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
This is a supplement to the Letter of Singer et al., in which we demonstrated a rapid algorithm for obtaining joint 3D estimates of sky location and luminosity distance from observations of binary neutron star mergers with Advanced LIGO and Virgo. We argued that combining the reconstructed volumes with positions and redshifts of possible host galaxies can provide large-aperture but small field of view instruments with a manageable list of targets to search for optical or infrared emission. In this Supplement, we document the new HEALPix-based file format for 3D localizations of gravitational-wave transients. We include Python sample code to show the reader how to perform simple manipulations of the 3D sky maps and extract ranked lists of likely host galaxies. Finally, we include mathematical details of the rapid volume reconstruction algorithm.
ALMA-SZ DETECTION OF A GALAXY CLUSTER MERGER SHOCK AT HALF THE AGE OF THE UNIVERSE
Authors: Basu K. , Sommer M. , Erler J. , Eckert D. , Vazza F. , Magnelli B. , Bertoldi F. , Tozzi P. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We present ALMA measurements of a merger shock using the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect signal, at the location of a radio relic in the famous El Gordo galaxy cluster at

. Multi-wavelength analysis in combination with the archival Chandra data and a high-resolution radio image provides a consistent picture of the thermal and non-thermal signal variation across the shock front and helps to put robust constraints on the shock Mach number as well as the relic magnetic field. We employ a Bayesian analysis technique for modeling the SZ and X-ray data self-consistently, illustrating respective parameter degeneracies. Combined results indicate a shock with Mach number

, which in turn suggests a high value of the magnetic field (of the order of 4–10

) to account for the observed relic width at 2 GHz. At roughly half the current age of the universe, this is the highest-redshift direct detection of a cluster shock to date, and one of the first instances of an ALMA-SZ observation in a galaxy cluster. It shows the tremendous potential for future ALMA-SZ observations to detect merger shocks and other cluster substructures out to the highest redshifts.
G64-12 AND G64-37 ARE CARBON-ENHANCED METAL-POOR STARS
Authors: Placco Vinicius M. , Beers Timothy C. , Reggiani Henrique , Meléndez Jorge 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We present new high-resolution chemical-abundance analyses for the well-known high proper-motion subdwarfs G64-12 and G64-37, based on very high signal-to-noise ratio spectra (

) with resolving power R ∼ 95,000. These high-quality data enable the first reliable determination of the carbon abundances for these two stars; we classify them as carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars based on their carboni cities, which both exceed [C/Fe] = +1.0. They are sub-classified as CEMP-no Group-II stars, based on their location in the Yoon–Beers diagram of absolute carbon abundance, A(C) versus [Fe/H], as well as on the conventional diagnostic [Ba/Fe]. The relatively low absolute carbon abundances of CEMP-no stars, in combination with the high effective temperatures of these two stars (

), weakens their CH molecular features to the point that accurate carbon abundances can only be estimated from spectra with very high S/N. A comparison of the observed abundance patterns with the predicted yields from massive, metal-free supernova models reduces the inferred progenitor masses by factors of ∼2–3, and explosion energies by factors of ∼10–15, compared to those derived using previously claimed carbon-abundance estimates. There are certainly many more warm CEMP-no stars near the halo main-sequence turnoff that have been overlooked in past studies, directly impacting the derived frequencies of CEMP-no stars as a function of metallicity, a probe that provides important constraints on Galactic chemical evolution models, the initial mass function in the early universe, and first-star nucleosynthesis.
Étude préliminaire de la flore et de la biomasse ligneuse des clairières en haute altitude du Parc National de Kahuzi-Biega, République démocratique du Congo
Authors: Imani Gérard , Zapfack Louis , Baraka Prince , Mungu Isaac Ahana 
Published: September 2016

Les caractéristiques dynamiques et structurelles des clairières de la partie haute altitude (2000 à 2300 m) du Parc National de Kahuzi Biega (PNKB) ont été analysées sur une durée de 15 ans et sur base des informations fournies par des services de conservation. L’objectif étant de caractériser la diversité floristique, la structure des clairières et d’estimer la quantité de la biomasse/carbone. Les individus ligneux de Dbh≥ 5 cm étaient comptés et leur hauteur prise par un laser dans les relevés polyvalents. Les indices de diversité, de valeurs d’importance ainsi que de similarité ont permis de caractériser la végétation et par les équations allométriques, on a déterminé la biomasse. L’analyse Anova et le test de TukeyHDS ont été utilisés pour voir la variation de la diversité et la biomasse entre les clairières. Les clairières de la partie haute altitude du Parc National de Kahuzi Biega sont caractérisées par des espèces comme Neoboutonia macrocalyx, Mimulopsis arborescens et Dombeya goetzenii. La biomasse/carbone varie significativement le long de la chronoséquence en fonction des classes d’âge.
Global Analysis of O-GlcNAc Glycoproteins in Activated Human T Cells
Authors: Lund Peder J. , Elias Joshua E. , Davis Mark M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
T cell activation in response to Ag is largely regulated by protein posttranslational modifications. Although phosphorylation has been extensively characterized in T cells, much less is known about the glycosylation of serine/threonine residues by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Given that O-GlcNAc appears to regulate cell signaling pathways and protein activity similarly to phosphorylation, we performed a comprehensive analysis of O-GlcNAc during T cell activation to address the functional importance of this modification and to identify the modified proteins. Activation of T cells through the TCR resulted in a global elevation of O-GlcNAc levels and in the absence of O-GlcNAc, IL-2 production and proliferation were compromised. T cell activation also led to changes in the relative expression of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) isoforms and accumulation of OGT at the immunological synapse of murine T cells. Using a glycoproteomics approach, we identified &gt;200 O-GlcNAc proteins in human T cells. Many of the identified proteins had a functional relationship to RNA metabolism, and consistent with a connection between O-GlcNAc and RNA, inhibition of OGT impaired nascent RNA synthesis upon T cell activation. Overall, our studies provide a global analysis of O-GlcNAc dynamics during T cell activation and the first characterization, to our knowledge, of the O-GlcNAc glycoproteome in human T cells.
Sources of bioethics: <i>Lex Naturae</i> versus <i>Sola Scriptura</i> and <i>Sola Gratia</i>? A response to Vorster
Authors: Verhoef Anné H. 
Published: September 2016

To argue that the concept of natural law can be regarded, with certain conditions, as a credible and useful tool in the Reformed paradigm, as Vorster did, may at first seems to be in conflict with the Reformation’s emphasis on sola scriptura and sola gratia. Vorster, however, argues very convincingly that the general revelation of God and creational gifts can be a source for bioethics within the reformed tradition. He does this by relying on Calvin and Bavinck’s appreciative theologies and in reaction to Barth and Welker’s critique to the notion of natural law. In this article I will further Vorster’s argument by identifying some critical points in his argument, analyse the critique on these points and broaden the discussion by incorporating an eschatological perspective and the anthropology of the Protestant philosopher, Paul Ricoeur. The aim is, as Vorster states in his conclusion, to provide Christian ethics with opportunities and means to formulate applicable and relevant moral codes that can be utilised in the bio- and eco-ethical debates of today.
Jóvenes universitarios, medios de comunicación y violencia de género. Una aproximación cuantitativa en torno a los estudiantes de Periodismo
Authors: Martín Jiménez Virginia , Etura Dunia , Ballesteros Herencia Carlos A. 
Published: September 2016

Tomando como base la teoría de la responsabilidad social de los medios y las investigaciones sobre jóvenes, violencia de género y medios de comunicación, se estudia el conocimiento y las distorsiones que el estudiante universitario de Periodismo tiene en relación a la violencia de género y su tratamiento informativo. Metodología. Tras la puesta en marcha de la iniciativa #MÁS COMPROMISO, llevada a cabo con motivo del 25N, se realizó una encuesta entre los estudiantes del Grado de Periodismo de la Universidad de Valladolid. Los resultados se analizaron cuantitativamente con el programa SPSS, obteniéndose datos estadísticos tanto descriptivos como inferenciales. Resultados. Se observa que las iniciativas en contra de la violencia machista generan compromiso entre los estudiantes. Se detectan distorsiones, tanto en hombres como mujeres, en cuestiones fundamentales como la definición de violencia de género. Las alumnas se muestran menos favorables a considerar importantes y a poner en práctica las recomendaciones de expertos y admiten las denuncias falsas como una de las causas de que las iniciativas vinculadas a la sensibilización contra la violencia de género generen en ocasiones rechazo social. Conclusiones. Los resultados demuestran la efectividad de estas acciones en la formación especializada de los periodistas, aunque también una mayor reactancia de las mujeres ante la representación mediática de la violencia de género y las actividades de sensibilización en torno a ella.