bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LOCATIONAL PATTERN OF INDIES BUILDINGS IN GORONTALO
Authors: Marzuki Irfanuddin Wahid 
Published: May 2017

Indies buildings in Gorontalo are spread within several areas, namely Ipilo, Biawao, and Tenda. These buildings serve as offices, houses, schools, hotels, religious building, and shop. Research on indies buildings in Gorontalo aims to find its locational pattern and to determine the relationship among those buildings. This research uses descriptive method with an inductive approach. Analysis of the data using the nearest neighbour analysis. The results showed a locational pattern of Indies buildings are clustered around the square. Based on their function, houses, and hotel are clustered, while school and office buildings are randomly located. The relationship between the building relates to the function of each building. Residential and office buildings are located adjacent to the effectiveness. School buildings are spread to facilitate access to people living in all parts of the town. Religious building is located in the center to facilitate access from every direction, and shops are clustered adjacent to the market as the economic center.
MATERIAL CULTURE BIOGRAPHY: DIASPHORA OF BRONZE KETTLEDRUMS IN THE MOLUCCAS ARCHIPELAGO
Authors: Ririmasse Marlon 
Published: May 2017

This article discusses the diaspora and biography of the Dong Son Kettledrums in the Moluccas Archipelago. This research found that the cultural historical setting behind the existence of these objects is related to the diaspora that corresponds with the trade dynamics in theMoluccas archipelago as a source region for the exotic commodities. Shifted from the original context of the production center origin culture di the Mainland Asia to the Insular Southeast Asia, new values had been attached to these bronze kettledrums that related with the local culturalidentity aspect.
Old Manuscript and Spreading of Islam in Moluccas: a case Study from Hitu Monarchy, Central Mollucas
Authors: Handoko Wuri 
Published: May 2017

This study uses data codex to see the process of Islamization in the former Kingdom of Hitu . This study aimed to identify the forms of Islamization and the development of Islamic teachings and sects. Research methods with quantitative and qualitative approaches codex of data based identification and classification of the type and content of the manuscript. Methods of emphasizes quantitative comparison of the quantity and percentage of types of texts, while the qualitative approach to identify the contents of the script to see the development of the Islamic streams in the region. The results showed that the shape and model of Islamization propaganda approach and Sufism is the most dominant in addition to education and literacy teaching the Koran and Islamic law (fiqh). Additionally Islamization in the region of the Kingdom Hitu also growing recognition institutes, as well as the influence of the Shia tradition. Thus , the process ofIslamization from the Quran literacy education, the introduction of Islamic Sufism and the congregation as well as the development of Islamic schools into the factors of growth and development of Islam in the region since the Kingdom Hitu in 16 th -19 th century AD.
Jiwa Kewirausahaan dan Nilai Kewirausahaan Meningkatkan Kemandirian Usaha melalui Perilaku Kewirausahaan
Authors: Sukirman Sukirman 
Published: May 2017

<p><em>It is necessary to anticipate small businesses’ difficulties by conducting an empirical study on the entrepreneurial spirit, entrepreneurial values, and assessment of entrepreneurial behavior that may affect the realization of independence efforts. This study aims to analyze the influence of entrepreneurial spirit and entrepreneurial values on entrepreneurial behavior to create business independence. Our sample of 125 small business owners consist of 45 Pekalongan batik business owners, 42 small producers of typical Malang (Batu) food, and 38 ceramics business owners from Kasongan Bantul Yogyakarta. We use path analysis of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to analyze our date. The findings show that the entrepreneurial spirit has a direct positive influence on entrepreneurial behavior and positive indirect effect on the business independence. Further, entrepreneurial values have a direct impact on entrepreneurial behavior and also a positive indirect effect on the independence of the business. Meanwhile, entrepreneurial behavior has a positive effect on independence of business.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p align="center"> </p><p><em>Kesulitan usaha kecil perlu diantisipasi dengan melakukan tindakan pengujian empirik melalui kajian terhadap jiwa kewirausahaan, nilai kewirausahaan, dan kajian perilaku kewirausahaan yang dapat mempengaruhi proses terwujudnya kemandirian usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh jiwa kewiruasahaan dan nilai kewirausahaan terhadap perilaku kewirausahaan untuk menciptakan kemandirian usaha. Metode yang digunakan dalam menganalisis data menggunakan Analisis Jalur (Path Analysis). Sampel dalam penelitian ini 125 pelaku usaha kecil yang terdiri dari 45 pelaku usaha kecil batik Pekalongan, 42 usaha kecil makanan khas Batu Malang dan 38 usaha kecil keramik Kasongan Bantul Yogyakarta. Analisis data menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa jiwa kewirausahaan mempunyai pengaruh secara langsung terhadap perilaku kewirausahaan dan pengaruh tidak langsung terhadap kemandirian usaha. Nilai kewirausahaan mempunyai pengaruh langsung terhadap perilaku kewirausahaan dan juga berpengaruh tidak langsung terhadap kemandirian usaha. Sedangkan perilaku kewirausahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap kemandirian usaha.<br /></em></p>
Determinan dan Stabilitas Ekspor Crude Palm Oil Indonesia
Authors: Huda Eva Nurul , Widodo Arif 
Published: May 2017

<p><em>We analyze the influence of CPO production, exchange rate, international CPO price and the terms of trade on Indonesian CPO exports in October 2011-December 2015. In doing so, we use the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to analyze the monthly time-series data for the periods of 2011:M10-2015:M12. Our findings suggest that both in the short- and long-term, the international CPO price has a significantly negative impact on Indonesia's CPO exports. Meanwhile, the CPO production and exchange rate have negative and significant effects on Indonesia's CPO exports both in short- and long-term. Taken together, all the independent variables have significant effects on Indonesia’s CPO export. Finally, based on CUSUM and CUSUMQ test, it shows that the long-term coefficient of the CPO exports model is stable.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p><em>Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menganalisis seberapa besar pengaruh dari produksi kelapa sawit, nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dollar AS, harga CPO internasional dan <em>Term of Trade</em> terhadap ekspor CPO Indonesia pada periode Oktober 2011 sampai dengan Desember 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan <em>Autoregressive Distributed Lag</em> (ARDL) dengan data sekunder runtut waktu bulanan untuk periode 2011:M10-2015:M12. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa harga CPO internasional mempunyai efek negatif dan signifikan, baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang terhadap ekspor CPO Indonesia. Variable<em> Term of Trade</em> dalam jangka pendek maupun panjang mempunyai efek positif dan signifikan terhadap ekspor CPO, sedangkan variabel produksi kelapa sawit dan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar Amerika mempunyai pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ekspor dalam jangka pendek maupun panjang. Lebih lanjut, semua variabel independen secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi ekspor CPO di Indonesia, sehingga hipotesis yang menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara variabel independen dan dependen ditolak. Terakhir, berdasarkan pada uji CUSUM dan CUSUMQ dapat disimpulkan bahwa model ekspor CPO stabil dalam jangka panjang.<br /></em></p>
Lung hyperinflation, perception of bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Boulet Louis-Philippe , Turcotte Helene 
Published: May 2017

Purpose: To compare the influence of underlying airway inflammation and lung hyperinflation on dyspnea during induced bronchoconstriction in subjects with mild asthma (or asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness (AAHR).
Methods: Fourteen mild asthmatic and 14 AAHR subjects had methacholine and 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) challenges, and induced sputum analysis. Changes in inspiratory capacity (IC) and respiratory symptom scores were measured after challenges. Perception of respiratory symptoms was recorded on a modified Borg scale.
Results: The mean baseline FEV1, IC, mean provocative concentration of methacholine inducing a 20% decrease in FEV1 (PC20), the mean PC20 AMP and median inflammatory cell counts were similar in both groups. After methacholine, mean (±SD) reductions in FEV1 were 24.7±10.3% in mild asthma and 35.6±19.1% in AAHR (P>0.05); reductions in IC were, respectively, 10±12% and 24±20% (P>0.05); mean breathlessness scores at PC20 were 1.1 in mild asthma and 0 in AAHR P=0.003), and mean chest tightness scores were 1.2 in mild asthma and 0.8 in AAHR (P>0.05). Maximum chest tightness scores following MC correlated with the maximum decrease in IC in mild asthma (rs=0.75,P=0.009) and with the maximum decrease in FEV1 in AAHR (rs=0.60,P=0.04). After AMP, symptom scores were not significantly correlated with decreases in FEV1 or IC. The number of inflammatory cells was not correlated with decreases in IC after methacholine, AMP or with their PC20s, although inflammation was minimal in both groups.
Conclusion: Lower breathlessness scores in AAHR compared to mild asthma were not explained by differences in lung hyperinflation nor in airway inflammation.
The CAGE Questionnaire for Alcohol Misuse: A Review of Reliability and Validity Studies
Authors: Dhalla Shayesta , Kopec Jacek A. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose: To review the reliability and validity of the CAGE questionnaire across different patient populations and discuss its role in the detection of alcohol-related problems.
Methods: The Cochrane Database for Systematic Reviews, Medline, Embase, and Psychinfo were searched. No systematic reviews were found on the Cochrane Database. Search of the other databases yielded one systematic review and one meta-analysis, on different aspects of CAGE. Three articles on reliability and 16 on validity of CAGE were found and used. Studies generally yielded Level II evidence.
Results: CAGE has demonstrated high test-retest reliability (0.80-0.95), and adequate correlations (0.48-0.70) with other screening instruments. The questionnaire is a valid tool for detecting alcohol abuse and dependence in medical and surgical inpatients, ambulatory medical patients, and psychiatric inpatients (average sensitivity 0.71, specificity 0.90). Its performance in primary care patients has been varied, while it has not performed well in white women, prenatal women, and college students. Furthermore, it is not an appropriate screening test for less severe forms of drinking.
Conclusions: CAGE is short, feasible to use, and easily applied in clinical practice. However, users should be aware of its limitations when interpreting the results. A positive screen should be followed by a proper diagnostic evaluation using standard clinical criteria.
Treadmill Running Induces a Detrimental Metabolic Adaptation in the Diabetic Mouse
Authors: Broderick Tom L. , Sennott Jackie , Morrissey Joseph , Standley Paul 
Published: May 2017

Background: Regular exercise is generally recommended for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Exercise reduces body weight, increases insulin sensitivity, and improves glycemic control. The present study was designed to determine the impact of voluntary wheel and forced treadmill running on the metabolic state in the db/db mouse, a model of type 2 diabetes. Our hypothesis is that exercise training improves the metabolic status such that a reduction in body weight, blood glucose and insulin are observed, resulting in improved insulin sensitivity.

Methods: Male diabetic db/db mice were assigned to sedentary (DS), voluntary wheel running (DV), and treadmill running (DT) running groups for 12 weeks. Nondiabetic heterozygote littermates served as control (CN).
Results: After 12 weeks of training, DV and DT mice ran a total of 4.24 ± 0.18 km and 11.8 km, respectively. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM for 10-12 mice in each group. * P < 0.05 vs CN, † P < 0.05 vs DS

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Conclusions: Voluntary exercise training is beneficial in reducing body weight and blood glucose in the db/db mouse, but this effect is minor. Forced treadmill running, however, did not improve body weight, blood glucose and the hyperinsulinemic state remained. These results suggest that forced treadmill exercise training may actually worsen the metabolic state in this model of diabetes.
1. Communication skills training in orthopaedics
Authors: Lundine K. , Lockyer J. , Hutchison C. , Buckley R. 
Published: May 2017

Communication skills have been identified as a key component of medical education by the CanMEDS Project. The objectives of this study were to identify the perceived key components of communication skills from the perspectives of both orthopaedic residents and their program directors, and to understand how these skills are currently taught.
This study utilized a mixed methods design. Quantitative data was collected using a 30-item questionnaire, which was distributed to all Canadian orthopaedic residents. Qualitative data was collected through focus groups with orthopaedic residents and semi-structured interviews with orthopaedic program directors.
One hundred and nineteen out of three hundred and twenty-five questionnaires were completed (response rate = 37%), twelve residents participated in two focus groups, and 9/16 program directors from across the country were interviewed. The questionnaire reliability had an internal consistency of Cronbach’s alpha = 0.72. An ANOVA of the questionnaire data showed gender and International vs. Canadian medical graduate status to be independent variables to several item responses (P < 0.01). The factor analysis produced a five-factor model accounting for 50% of the variance.
Both program directors and residents identified communication skills as being the accurate and appropriate use of language (ie, content skills), not how the communication was presented (ie, process skills). Perceived barriers to communication included time constraints and the need to adapt to the many personalities and types of people encountered daily in the hospital. Residents lack explicit communication skill training, but value developing communication skills in the clinical environment through experiential learning and role modeling. Resident education should focus on developing residents’ process skills in communication. Care should be taken to avoid large-group didactic teaching sessions, which are perceived as ineffective.
2. Use of a health advocacy essay to improve competence
Authors: Borgaonkar M. , Pace D. , Jeon P. 
Published: May 2017

We set out to determine if essay writing on health advocacy could improve scores on a Health Advocacy observed structured clinical exam (OSCE) station.
A Health Advocacy station was used as one of ten stations at the annual resident OSCE in 2006. Subsequently, residents were instructed to write an essay regarding their actions as a health advocate, either in general or relating to a specific situation. For the 2007 OSCE, a different Health Advocacy station was used that was similar to the previous year in terms of the issues that residents needed to address and the scoring structure. The results on the OSCE stations between the two years were compared using Student’s T-test. Regression analysis was used to identify any predictors for a higher score.
The number of residents taking the OSCE in 2006 and 2007 were 17 and 13, respectively. Nine residents completed the OSCE in both years. The number of PGY-1’s taking the OSCE for the first time in 2006 and 2007 were 8 and 4, respectively. Compliance with the essay writing was 100%. The mean score on the Health Advocacy station was significantly higher in 2007 compared to 2006 (53.0 ± 14.6 compared to 65.6 ± 10.0 vs. 53.0 ± 14.6; p=0.01). The mean score of PGY-1’s in 2007 tended to be higher than PGY-1’s in 2006 (67.5 ± 11.4 vs. 54.5 ± 12.3; p=0.11), suggesting the improvement was not due to having taken the OSCE previously. Regression analysis did not identify and other predictors of higher score on the OSCE station.
These results suggest that essay writing by residents about actions they have taken as health advocates improves knowledge about the CanMEDS competency of Health Advocacy, as measured in an OSCE station. The non-randomized design of the study does not exclude the possibility of other factors influencing the improvement in score.
Oandasan I, Barker K. Educating for Advocacy: Exploring the Source and Substance of Community-Responsive Physicians. Acad Med 2003; 78(1):S16-S19.
Frank J, Langer B. Collaboration, Communication, Management, and Advocacy: Teaching surgeons new skills through the CanMEDS project. World J Surg 2003; 27:972-978.
Verma S, Flynn L, Seguin R. Faculty’s and residents’ perceptions of teaching and evaluating the role of health advocate: A study at one Canadian university. Acad Med 2005; 80:103-108.
6. CanMEDSification: The role of postgraduate medicine office in supporting the learning and teaching of CanMEDs Roles
Authors: Takahashi S. Glover , Verma S. , Muharuma L. , Zulla R. 
Published: May 2017

The Postgraduate Medical Education Office at the University of Toronto has implemented a range of faculty development initiatives targeted at supporting the full implementation of CanMEDS roles and competencies in the day to day learning, teaching and evaluation of residents across the highly distributed postgraduate medicine training programs. In October 2005, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) released a revised version of the CanMEDS roles. In June 2006, the RCPSC accreditation standards for postgraduate medicine changed some standards which result in an increased expectation of implementation of the CanMEDS roles in teaching and evaluation of residency programs.
From 2005 to 2007, there have been numerous initiatives by the Postgraduate Medical Education Office to support the understanding and implementation of the CanMEDS roles into the learning, evaluation and outcomes of postgraduate training at the University of Toronto. The PGME Office supported the ‘CanMEDSification’ or integration of the CanMEDS framework by: 1) Supporting the development of teacher/faculty teaching and evaluation resources; 2) Providing faculty development in the understanding of these competencies; 3) Providing explicit program feedback through the Internal Review process
The CanMEDS roles have been widely integrated into teaching and evaluation at the University of Toronto. The high attendance rates at workshops and positive workshop evaluations indicate the value of centralized faculty development initiatives and also indicate an increasing confidence in using CanMEDS. The workshop evaluations also indicate a need for additional faculty development in evaluating the non Medical Expert roles.
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Harris, IB. Deliberative inquiry: The arts of planning. in E.C. Short (ed.), Forms of curriculum inquiry. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991; 285-307.
Harris, IB. New expectations for professional competence. In L. Curry & J. F. Wergin (Eds.), Educating professionals: Responding to new expectations for competence and accountability. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1993; 17-52.
8. Modelling and teaching collaboration: The interprofessional education in geriatric care project
Authors: Grymonpre R. , Boustcha E. , Nelson M. , Booth A. , De Jaeger A. , Jensen F. , Sullivan T. , Swinamer J. , Weinberg L. 
Published: May 2017

The Interprofessional Education in Geriatric Care (IEGC) project is an Interprofessional Education for Collaborative Patient-centred Practice Initiative (Health Canada) funded project that was launched in June 2005 and ends March 2008. The goal of the IEGC project is to develop a sustainable clinical experience that models and teaches the core concepts of patient centred collaboration (goal directedness, leadership, flexibility, team dynamics, conflict resolution, communication, and disciplinary articulation) which directly reflect the enabling competencies of the “Collaborator Role” outlined in the 2005 CanMEDS Framework.
The primary learners are Internal Medicine/Family Medicine residents and senior students in nursing, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, and pharmacy. The interprofessional education occurs at three geriatric day hospitals where collaborative patient-centred care of community dwelling older clients is the standard of practice, and clinicians traditionally accept students for clinical placements. The IEGC project identified instances that learners from two or more disciplines were at Day Hospital simultaneously for approximately three weeks. During this time, experiential learning activities emphasizing the skills needed for effective collaboration were added to typical preceptor based teaching.
Feedback early in the project from students and preceptors indicated that the original design, (practice simulations and didactic small group sessions), were not meeting clinical learning objectives. In response, the clinical teams initiated team led discussions regarding core concepts and students were given the opportunity to assess and develop care plans for “student team” designated patients. In addition structured team observations, directed readings, self-reflective exercises and “ice-breakers” are utilized. Informal feedback from participants has suggested that this is more effective, and relevant way to teach patient centred collaborative practice. The IEGC project has extensive research and evaluation methods based on the JET’s modification of Kirkpatrick’s Model of Educational Outcomes which will assess the effectiveness and viability of the IEGC educational approach.
The Interprofessional Joint Evaluation Team. (2002). A Critical Review of Evaluations of Interprofessional Education. http://www.health.heacademy.ac.uk/publications/ occasionalpaper/occasionalpaper02.pdf/view. Accessed September 9, 2005.
Frank JR, Jabbour M, et al. Eds. Report of the CanMEDS Phase IV Working Groups.
Ottawa: The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. March, 2005.