bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived changes to quality of life indicators following a physical activity intervention for recovering cancer patients: A qualitative study.
Authors: Queen Martyn , Bloxham Saul , Brown Phil , Coyle Melissa , Jane Ben 
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to examine the perceived changes to the quality of life (QoL) for a group of recovering cancer patients, following 6 months of physical activity.Background Evidence suggests that physical activity can improve the QoL of recovering cancer patients, reducing many of the side-effects of cancer and its related treatments, including depression, anxiety, chronic fatigue and improve physical and psychological health. Method A qualitative study with 14 mixed site cancer patients aged 43-70 (12 women, 2 men). The intervention was in 2 parts the first part was an 8-week physical activity programme, the second part related to a period of non-supervised, physical activity for 4 months (6 months in total). The Programme took place at a university in the South West of England. Semi-structured interviews with patients took place 3 times over 6 months. A grounded theory approach was used to analyse the data.Results We found that prior to the 6-month physical activity intervention many of the patients were anxious about being able to complete the initial 8 week programme. Anxieties related to low self-esteem and the chronic fatigue resulting from their cancer treatment. Consequently several patients expressed concerns about their ability to help themselves self-manage their recovery through physical activity. On completion of the intervention the majority of patients reported improvements in their perceived QoL relating to their ability to self-manage, their self-efficacy, energy levels, along with decreases in chronic fatigue.Conclusion Our study has provided valuable insights into how the perceived QoL of a group of recovering cancer patients can be improved through a combined 6-month period of supervised and independent physical activity. These findings serve as further evidence of the effectiveness of a person centred healthcare approach for recovering cancer patients.
Opinions of women from deprived communities on the NHS stop smoking service in England - person-centered perspectives.
Authors: Memon Anjum , Barber John , Rumsby Emma , Parker Samantha , Mohebati Lisa , De Visser Richard , Venables Susan , Fairhurst Anna , Lawson Kate , Sundin Josefin 
Published: October 2016

Background In most European countries, women are relatively more susceptible to smoking-related diseases, find it more difficult to quit and more likely to relapse than men. With the aim to improve understanding of women’s needs from smoking cessation services, this qualitative study examines perceptions of women from deprived communities on the National Health Service Stop Smoking Service in England.Methods A qualitative study of 11 women, smokers and ex-smokers, who had used Stop Smoking Services located in disadvantaged communities in East Sussex, England. Data were collected through focus group and semi-structured interviews, and were subjected to thematic analysis.Results Women felt that services tailored to their needs would improve cessation rates. They expect smoking cessation facilitators to be non-judgemental and to offer psychological insight into addiction. However, women’s opinions differed on the importance for facilitators to be female or ex-smokers, and on the preference of group or one-to-one services, some women expressed a preference for women only groups. The women praised the continuity of care, capacity for peer support, flexibility of time and location and free cessation aids offered. Conversely, the women felt that services were poorly advertised, that access was not universally good, and that services at work place and drop-in groups would improve access for working women and women with young children.Conclusion Flexible services that are tailored towards the needs of individual smokers and better dissemination of information regarding the range of services available could facilitate greater uptake of smoking cessation services for women in deprived communities.
“An MRI reveals the truth about my back”: a qualitative study about patients’ expectations and attitudes toward the value of MRI in the assessment of back pain.
Authors: Petersen Lisbeth , Birkelund Regner , Ammentorp Jette , Schiøttz-Christensen Berit 
Published: October 2016

Background: Patients with back pain increasingly demand MRIs to be part of their assessment. However, in most back pain patients, MRI does not appear to have diagnostic value. Nevertheless, it has been shown that patients who receive an MRI are more satisfied with their treatment even though the imaging may not facilitate their return to well-being. Aim: To explore back pain patients’ expectations of and attitudes towards the value of MRI and to understand the relationship between their expectations and patient satisfaction.Methods: A qualitative study using observations and informal interviews with 62 back pain patients was conducted. Data were analysed according to Malterud’s systematic text condensation method.Results: Patients perceived MRIs to be an objective visual image of the body that could show them where their back pain was originating. Patients expected MRIs to provide them with a biomedical diagnosis; they considered MRIs to be the ‘true objective’ diagnosis, which would allow them to access various services and support and would lead to legitimization of their pain. The patients’ perceived value of MRI was very high; MRIs gave patients a feeling of being understood and taken seriously. Patients and clinicians had different ideas about the diagnosis of back pain, which could challenge how patients experience the benefits of treatment.Conclusion: For patients with back pain, the MRI is a valuable tool that leads to their 'real' diagnosis and enables recognition and legitimisation of their experienced pain. To meet patients' expectations, a better understanding of how MRIs are used in diagnosis and treatment must be achieved. Based on our study, we suggest that information about symptoms and the additional information an MRI can provide be clarified to the patient before assessment of back pain.
Alternative, Complementary or Orthodox: What is real medicine?
Authors: Newell Dave , Lewith George 
Published: October 2016

The division between orthodox and CAM approaches to musculoskeletal (MSK) problems is blurred. Manipulative medicine and acupuncture are recognized treatment options for some MSK conditions. These therapies are increasingly evidence based with well-defined mechanisms and are provided by a number of registered professional practitioners, whose ethics and practice is overseen and ultimately regulated, by the Professional Standards Authority. Some practitioners may be considered historically as CAM providers (Osteopaths, Chiropractors and Acupuncturists) and some orthodox practitioners (Physiotherapists and Doctors). If both CAM and orthodox practitioners are providing the same therapies for the same conditions, we believe that this represents good evidence based medical practice. Consequently in this situation, the historical and artificial boundaries between CAM and orthodox medicine cease to be meaningful either clinically or ethically. We should reasonably assume that CAM and orthodox practitioners, in this context, are practicing ethically.
Metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a public hospital in Peru: a cross-sectional study in a low-middle income country
Authors: Huayanay-Espinoza Irma Elizabeth , Guerra-Castañon Felix , Lazo-Porras María , Castaneda-Guarderas Ana , Thomas Nimmy Josephine , Garcia-Guarniz Ana-Lucia , Valdivia-Bustamante Augusto A. , Málaga Germán 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess patients’ achievement of ADA (American Diabetes Association) guideline recommendations for glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and blood pressure in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outpatient clinic in a low-middle income country (LMIC) setting.MethodsThis is a descriptive cross-sectional study with 123 ambulatory T2DM patients who are being treated at a public hospital in Lima, Peru. Data was gathered via standardized interviews, clinical surveys, and anthropomorphic measurements for each patient. Blood samples were drawn in fasting state for measures of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile. Laboratory parameters and blood pressure were evaluated according to ADA recommendations.ResultsOf the 123 patients, 81 were women and the mean age was 61.8 years. Glycemic control was abnormal in 82 (68.33%) participants, and 45 (37.50%) were unable to control their blood pressure. Lipid profile was abnormal in 73 (60.83%) participants. Only nine (7.50%) participants fulfilled ADA recommendations for glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control.ConclusionsAmongst individuals with type 2 diabetes, there was poor attainment of the ADA recommendations (HbA1c, blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol) for ambulatory T2DM patients. Interventions are urgently needed in order to prevent long-term diabetic complications.
Estresse no cotidiano universitário: estratégias de enfrentamento de docentes da saúde Everyday stress in the university: coping strategies of helth teachers’
Authors: Araújo Luana Marcelly Nogueira de , Santos Viviane Euzébia Pereira , Martins Cláudia Cristiane Filgueira , Dantas Marta Silvânere Pereira , Dos Santos Natally Pereira , Alves Kisna Yasmin Andrade 
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: investigar as estratégias de enfrentamento ao estresse desenvolvidas pelos professores do Centro de Ciências da Saúde de Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Método: estudo exploratório, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de abril de 2012 a maio de 2013 com 37 docentes a partir de entrevista semiestruturada, sendo os dados analisados através da Análise de Conteúdo, utilizando a modalidade da análise temática. Resultados: a partir das falas dos docentes foram estruturadas as categorias Atividades de lazer; Atividades de lazer reconhecidamente escassas; Enfrentamento às situações estressantes no ambiente universitário; e Percepção da necessidade de mudança. Conclusão: foi possível perceber que os docentes identificam situações estressantes relacionadas ao trabalho e elencaram atividades de lazer para redução das tensões, que no entanto não realizam. Sugere-se maior apoio institucional e comprometimento individual na elaboração de estratégias que promovam o bem estar do trabalhador docente.
Cotidiano de pacientes renais crônicos submetidos à hemodialise: expectativas, modificações e relações sociais Chronic renal patients everyday on hemodialysis: expectations, modifications and social relations
Authors: Araújo Juliana Barbosa de , Neto Vinicius Lino de Souza , Anjos Elvira Uchoa dos , Silva Bárbara Coeli Oliveira da , Rodrigues Iellen Dantas Campos Verdes , Costa Cristiane da Silva 
Published: October 2016

Objetivos: conhecer a percepção de pacientes renais crônicos submetidos à hemodiálise sobre a doença, elencar as expectativas, modificações e relações sociais após o estabelecimento do diagnóstico. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa desenvolvida em uma unidade de hemodiálise no Nordeste do Brasil com 39 pacientes acometidos por IRC. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado. O estudo foi provado no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisas CAAE: nº 14153513.2.0000.5180, processo nº 147/431. Os dados foram analisados com base conceituais do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Resultados: As categorias que emergiram do próprio discurso dos entrevistados foram: Rim paralisado; Falta de conhecimento; Limitações; Otimismo; Desesperança; Apoio; Preconceito e isolamento. Conclusão: cotidiano dos pacientes em hemodiálise requer mudança de hábitos alimentares, restrições hídricas, impossibilidade de viagens devido à periodicidade das sessões, privação do trabalho e das atividades da vida diária devido à debilidade imposta pelo tratamento.
Origin of ultra rear‐arc magmatism at Rishiri Volcano, Kuril Arc
Authors: Kuritani Takeshi , Nakagawa Mitsuhiro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Rishiri Volcano is located at the very rear of the Kuril Arc at its junction with the NE Japan Arc, and its 300 km depth to the slab surface is one of the deepest among the active arc volcanoes in the world. In this study, the origin of this ultra rear‐arc magmatism was investigated by analyzing the basaltic lavas from the volcano. The lavas consist of low‐K and high‐K groups, with the low‐K lavas predating the high‐K lavas. Since it is unlikely that the high‐K magmas are derivatives of the low‐K magmas, the two magmas are thought to be derived from different source mantle materials. Analyses using multicomponent thermodynamics suggest that these magmas were both generated through the ∼2% melting of a source mantle with 0.04–0.11 wt.% H2O at 1280–1340°C and ∼2.3 GPa. The temperatures at the surface of the subducting Pacific slab, from which the slab fluids were released, were estimated to be 860–960°C for the low‐K magmas and 930–1040°C for the high‐K magmas. These temperatures of the slab surface are remarkably higher than those predicted by thermal models. The estimated high temperatures of the slab surface and the latest detailed seismic tomography results suggest that the low‐K and high‐K magmatism resulted from the progressive production of fluids at the slab surface due to heating by the injection of hot mantle materials into a relatively large‐scale fracture in the distorted portion of the subducting Pacific plate.
New method of estimating temperatures near the mesopause region using meteor radar observations
Authors: Lee Changsup , Kim Jeong‐Han , Jee Geonhwa , Lee Wonseok , Song In‐Sun , Kim Yong Ha 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe present a novel method of estimating temperatures near the mesopause region using meteor radar observations. The method utilizes the linear relationship between the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the meteor height distribution and the temperature at the meteor peak height. Once the proportionality constant of the linear relationship is determined from independent temperature measurements performed over a specific period of time by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument on board the Aura satellite, the temperature can be estimated continuously according to the measurements of the FWHM alone without additional information. The temperatures estimated from the FWHM are consistent with the MLS temperatures throughout the study period within a margin of 3.0%. Although previous methods are based on temperature gradient or pressure assumptions, the new method does not require such assumptions, which allows us to estimate the temperature at approximately 90 km with better precision.
GPS phase scintillation at high latitudes during the geomagnetic storm of 17–18 March 2015
Authors: Prikryl P. , Ghoddousi‐Fard R. , Weygand J. M. , Viljanen A. , Connors M. , Danskin D. W. , Jayachandran P. T. , Jacobsen K. S. , Andalsvik Y. L. , Thomas E. G. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Durgonics T. , Oksavik K. , Zhang Y. , Spanswick E. , Aquino M. , Sreeja V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe geomagnetic storm of 17–18 March 2015 was caused by the impacts of a coronal mass ejection and a high‐speed plasma stream from a coronal hole. The high‐latitude ionosphere dynamics is studied using arrays of ground‐based instruments including GPS receivers, HF radars, ionosondes, riometers, and magnetometers. The phase scintillation index is computed for signals sampled at a rate of up to 100 Hz by specialized GPS scintillation receivers supplemented by the phase scintillation proxy index obtained from geodetic‐quality GPS data sampled at 1 Hz. In the context of solar wind coupling to the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system, it is shown that GPS phase scintillation is primarily enhanced in the cusp, the tongue of ionization that is broken into patches drawn into the polar cap from the dayside storm‐enhanced plasma density, and in the auroral oval. In this paper we examine the relation between the scintillation and auroral electrojet currents observed by arrays of ground‐based magnetometers as well as energetic particle precipitation observed by the DMSP satellites. Equivalent ionospheric currents are obtained from ground magnetometer data using the spherical elementary currents systems technique that has been applied over the ground magnetometer networks in North America and North Europe. The GPS phase scintillation is mapped to the poleward side of strong westward electrojet and to the edge of the eastward electrojet region. Also, the scintillation was generally collocated with fluxes of energetic electron precipitation observed by DMSP satellites with the exception of a period of pulsating aurora when only very weak currents were observed.
Focal spot imaging based on zero lag cross‐correlation amplitude fields: Application to dense array data at the San Jacinto fault zone
Authors: Hillers G. , Roux P. , Campillo M. , Ben‐Zion Y. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe image the subsurface below a dense seismic array straddling the Clark branch of the San Jacinto fault zone in Southern California. The analysis is based on focal spots of surface waves associated with the zero lag amplitudes of noise cross‐correlations computed between all stations of the dense array. Local medium properties are inferred from the spatially variable focal spot size and shape based on the first zero crossing of amplitude versus distance distributions. The method provides simultaneous estimates of wave speed, apparent attenuation, and anisotropy without solving a tomographic inverse problem. The obtained images of the frequency dependent seismic velocity distributions are consistent with independent estimates from a far‐field Rayleigh wave tomography. We observe an anticorrelation between our apparent attenuation coefficient and seismic velocity, and a fault‐parallel alignment of fast propagation directions with greater structural complexity to the southwest of the fault. The results imply a complex fault zone structure including a waveguide to the northeast of the fault that is continuous across the observed depth range and a low‐velocity structure to the southwest associated with a shallow sedimentary basin.
Effects of turbulence‐induced collision enhancement on heavy precipitation: The 21 September 2010 case over the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Lee Hyunho , Baik Jong‐Jin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe effects of turbulence‐induced collision enhancement (TICE) on a heavy precipitation event that occurred on 21 September 2010 over the middle Korean Peninsula are examined. For this purpose, an updated bin microphysics scheme incorporating TICE for drop‐drop and drop‐graupel collisions is implemented into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The numerical simulation shows some differences in the strong precipitation system compared to the observations but generally captures well the important features of observed synoptic conditions, surface precipitation, and radar reflectivity. While the change in domain‐averaged surface precipitation amount due to TICE is small and similar to that due to small initial perturbations, the spatial distribution of surface precipitation amount is somewhat altered due to TICE. The surface precipitation amount is increased due to TICE in the area where the largest surface precipitation occurred, but the effects of different flow realizations also contribute to the changes. TICE accelerates the coalescence between small cloud droplets, which induces a decrease in condensation and an increase in excess water vapor transported upward. This causes an increase in relative humidity with respect to ice at high altitudes, hence increasing the depositional growth of ice particles. Therefore, the ice mass increases due to TICE, and this increase induces the increases in riming and melting of ice particles. A series of these microphysical changes due to TICE are regarded as partially contributing to the increase in surface precipitation amount in some areas, hence inducing alterations in the spatial distribution of surface precipitation amount.
WWLLN lightning and satellite microwave radiometrics at 37 to 183 GHz: Thunderstorms in the broad tropics
Authors: Solorzano N. N. , Thomas J. N. , Hutchins M. L. , Holzworth R. H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe investigate lightning strokes and deep convection through the examination of cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lightning from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) and passive microwave radiometer data. Microwave channels at 37 to 183.3 GHz are provided by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) and the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellite F16. The present study compares WWLLN stroke rates and minimum radiometer brightness temperatures (Tbs) for two Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere summers (2009–2011) in the broad tropics (35°S to 35°N). To identify deep convection, we use lightning data and Tbs derived from all channels and differences in the Tbs (ΔTbs) of the three water vapor channels near 183.3 GHz. We find that stroke probabilities increase with increasing Tb depressions for all frequencies examined. Moreover, we apply methods that use the 183.3 GHz channels to pinpoint deep convection associated with lightning. High lightning stroke probabilities are found over land regions for both intense and relatively weak convective systems, although the TMI 85 GHz results should be used with caution as they are affected by a 7 km gap between the conical scans. Over the ocean, lightning is associated mostly with larger Tb depressions. Generally, our results support the noninductive thundercloud charging mechanism but do not rule out the inductive mechanism during the mature stages of storms. Lastly, we present a case study in which lightning stroke rates are used to reconstruct microwave radiometer Tbs.
Simulation of orographic effects with a Quasi‐3‐D Multiscale Modeling Framework: Basic algorithm and preliminary results
Authors: Jung Joon‐Hee 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe global atmospheric models based on the Multi‐scale Modeling Framework (MMF) are able to explicitly resolve subgrid‐scale processes by using embedded 2‐D Cloud‐Resolving Models (CRMs). Up to now, however, those models do not include the orographic effects on the CRM grid scale. This study shows that the effects of CRM grid‐scale orography can be simulated reasonably well by the Quasi‐3‐D MMF (Q3D MMF), which has been developed as a second‐generation MMF. In the Q3D framework, the surface topography can be included in the CRM component by using a block representation of the mountains, so that no smoothing of the topographic height is necessary. To demonstrate the performance of such a model, the orographic effects over a steep mountain are simulated in an idealized experimental setup with each of the Q3D MMF and the full 3‐D CRM. The latter is used as a benchmark. Comparison of the results shows that the Q3D MMF is able to reproduce the horizontal distribution of orographic precipitation and the flow changes around mountains as simulated by the 3‐D CRM, even though the embedded CRMs of the Q3D MMF recognize only some aspects of the complex 3‐D topography. It is also shown that the use of 3‐D CRMs in the Q3D framework, rather than 2‐D CRMs, has positive impacts on the simulation of wind fields but does not substantially change the simulated precipitation.