bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Longitudinal Trajectories of Alcohol Consumption in People with HIV
Authors: Bilal Usama , McCaul Mary E. , Crane Heidi M. , Mathews W. Christopher , Mayer Kenneth H. , Geng Elvin , Napravnik Sonia , Cropsey Karen L. , Mugavero Michael J. , Saag Michael S. , Hutton Heidi , Lau Bryan , Chander Geetanjali 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundOur aim was to describe alcohol consumption trajectories in a cohort of people living with HIV and determine clinical and sociodemographic predictors of each trajectory.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study of 7,906 patients in the 7 Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems sites. Alcohol consumption was categorized as none, moderate, and alcohol misuse. Predictors included age, race/ethnicity, depressive or anxiety symptoms, illicit drug use (opioids, methamphetamines, cocaine/crack), marijuana use, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, HIV transmission risk factor, and HIV disease progression. We estimated sex‐stratified alcohol consumption trajectories and their predictors.ResultsWe found 7 trajectories of alcohol consumption in men: stable nondrinking and increased drinking (71% and 29% of initial nondrinking); stable moderate, reduced drinking, and increased alcohol misuse (59%, 21%, and 21% of initial moderate alcohol use); and stable alcohol misuse and reduced alcohol misuse (75% and 25% of initial alcohol misuse). Categories were similar in women, except lack of an increase to alcohol misuse trajectory among women that begin with moderate use. Older men and women were more likely to have stable nondrinking, while younger men were more likely to increase to or remain in alcohol misuse. Minorities, people with depressive or anxiety symptoms, HCV‐infected individuals, and people who injected drugs were more likely to reduce use. Illicit drug use was associated with a reduction in overall drinking, while marijuana use was associated with stable moderate drinking or misuse.ConclusionsLongitudinal trajectories of increasing alcohol use and stable misuse highlight the need to integrate routine screening and alcohol misuse interventions into HIV primary care.
Effects of Withdrawal from Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Exposure on Sleep Characteristics of Female and Male Mice
Authors: Huitron‐Resendiz Salvador , Nadav Tali , Krause Stephanie , Cates‐Gatto Chelsea , Polis Ilham , Roberts Amanda J. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundSleep disruptions are an important consequence of alcohol use disorders. There is a dearth of preclinical studies examining sex differences in sleep patterns associated with ethanol (EtOH) dependence despite documented sex differences in alcohol‐related behaviors and withdrawal symptoms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic intermittent EtOH on sleep characteristics in female and male mice.MethodsFemale and male C57BL6/J mice had access to EtOH/water 2‐bottle choice (2BC) 2 h/d for 3 weeks followed by exposure to EtOH vapor (vapor‐2BC) or air for 5 cycles of 4 days. An additional group never experienced EtOH (naïve). Mice were implanted with electroencephalographic (EEG) electrodes, and vigilance states were recorded across 24 hours on the fourth day of withdrawal. The amounts of wakefulness, slow‐wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement sleep were calculated, and spectral analysis was performed by fast Fourier transformation.ResultsOverall, vapor‐2BC mice showed a decrease in the amount of SWS 4 days into withdrawal as well as a decrease in the power density of slow waves, indicating disruptions in both the amount and quality of sleep in EtOH‐dependent mice. This was associated with a decrease in duration and an increase in number of SWS episodes in males and an increase in latency to sleep in females.ConclusionsOur results revealed overall deficits in sleep regulation in EtOH‐dependent mice of both sexes. Female mice appeared to be more affected with regard to the triggering of sleep, while male mice appeared more sensitive to disruptions in the maintenance of sleep.
Sleep Characteristics and Behavioral Problems Among Children of Alcoholics and Controls
Authors: Wong Maria M. , Brower Kirk J. , Conroy Deirdre A. , Lachance Kathryn A. , Craun Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundPast research has indicated that both sleep difficulties and a parental history of alcoholism increase the risk of behavioral problems. But it is not known whether sleep difficulties differentially increase the risk of problem behaviors among children of alcoholics (COAs) and controls. We compared multiple measures of sleep and the relationships between sleep and behavioral problems in these 2 groups of children.MethodsOne hundred and fifteen children aged 8 to 12 (67% COAs; 56% girls; Mage = 10.85, SDage = 1.51) participated in this study. Data presented here were taken from Time 1 of a larger prospective study designed to understand the relationship between sleep and alcohol use. All participants were naïve to alcohol and other illicit drugs. Participants were asked to wear an actigraph watch on their nondominant wrist for 1 week. Parents completed the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire and the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist.ResultsParents of COAs were more likely to rate their children as overtired compared with parents of non‐COAs. Structural equation modeling analyses focusing on overall internalizing and externalizing problems did not reveal any group differences on the relationships between sleep measures and behavioral problems. Regression analyses focusing on specific behavioral problems showed that longer total sleep time, parental ratings of “sleep more” and “sleep less” than other children interacted with COA status to predict specific behavioral problems.ConclusionsSleep difficulties and duration appear to be a general risk factor for behavioral problems in both COAs and non‐COAs, yet the relationships between specific sleep parameters and behavioral problems appear to be different between the 2 groups.
Effects of scale economies and production seasonality on optimal hub locations: the case of regional fresh produce aggregation
Authors: Ge Houtian , Canning Patrick , Goetz Stephan , Perez Agnes 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInterest in supporting local and regional food systems is rising and food hubs have attracted considerable attention among Federal, State, and local policymakers. This study explores the problem of endogenous hub location in fresh produce value chains in the Northeastern United States. To overcome limitations in the literature, we incorporate the effects of economies of scale and production seasonality into our models. Three experimental models are designed to examine the effects of alternatively applying yearly, quarterly, and monthly data on model solutions. We explicitly assess how interactions of scale economies and seasonality influence the structure and spatial attributes of an optimal regional produce aggregation hub system. The three models generate marketed different solutions and in many respects they lead to different conclusions about developing local/regional supply chains. The monthly model allows for production seasonality and actual hub operation cycle frequency and thus leads to more efficient hub solution with rich policy implications.
Genome sequence of an Australian strain of canid alphaherpesvirus 1
Authors: Sarker S , Das S , Helbig K , Peters A , Raidal SR 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveCharacterisation of a complete genome sequence of an Australian strain of canid alphaherpesvirus 1 (CHV‐1) and its phylogenetic relationship with other varicellovirus species.MethodsStandard pathology and PCR methods were used to initially detect herpesvirus in hepatic tissue from an infected 4‐week‐old Labrador Retriever puppy. The complete CHV‐1 genome was sequenced using next‐generation sequencing technology followed by de novo and reference assembly, and genome annotation.ResultsThe CHV‐1 genome was 125 kbp in length and contained 74 predicted open reading frames encoding functional proteins, all of which have counterparts in other alphaherpesviruses. Phylogenetic analysis using the DNA polymerase gene revealed that the newly sequenced CHV‐1 clustered with canid alphaherpesvirus isolated from the UK and shared a 99% overall nucleotide sequence similarity.ConclusionThis is the first complete genome of an Australian strain of CHV‐1, which will contribute to our understanding of the genetics and evolution of herpesvirus.
Psychological mechanisms in a digital intervention to improve physical activity: A multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schwarzer Ralf , Warner Lisa , Fleig Lena , Gholami Maryam , Salvatore Sergio , Cianferotti Luisella , Ntzani Evangelia , Roman‐Viñas Blanca , Trichopoulou Antonia , Brandi Maria L. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesThe randomized controlled trial examined factors that might be responsible for individual differences in physical activity change among men and women who participated in a lifestyle intervention. The main purpose of the analyses regarded the role of psychological mechanisms involving motivation, planning, self‐monitoring, and habit strength.DesignA two‐arm digital intervention was conducted in Italy, Spain, and Greece to improve physical activity levels, with follow‐ups at 3 and 6 months after baseline assessment.MethodsParticipants were 1,564 adults at baseline, n = 638 at 6‐month follow‐up. Linear mixed models examined the intervention effects, and a two‐group longitudinal structural equation model explored which psychological constructs (motivation, planning, self‐monitoring, habit strength) were associated with changes in physical activity.ResultsIn addition to an overall increase in self‐reported activity, there were interactions between time and sex and between time and experimental groups, and a triple interaction between time, sex, and experimental groups, indicating that men reported an increase in activity independent of groups, whereas women in the active control group did not benefit from the intervention. Planning, self‐monitoring, and habit strength mediated sequentially between initial motivation and follow‐up physical activity.ConclusionsAlthough the intervention produced overall improvements in physical activity, the time‐by‐treatment interaction emerged only for women. The mechanism included a sequence leading from motivation via planning, self‐monitoring, and habit strength towards physical activity.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Digital lifestyle interventions can be effective in terms of physical activity performance gains.

Men are on average more physically active than women.

Long‐term adherence rates to digital interventions are usually low.

What does this study add?

Giving users of an online platform more interactive options did not make a difference.

Women gained more than men from adaptive, dynamic online platform content.

Individual characteristics (motivation, planning, self‐monitoring, habit) were more important than online treatment features.
Development of a simplified dysphagia assessment by dentists in older persons
Authors: Rech Rafaela Soares , Hugo Fernando Neves , Baumgarten Alexandre , dos Santos Karoline Weber , de Goulart Bárbara Niegia Garcia , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a simplified clinical examination of swallowing by dentists and the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10), when compared with the diagnosis provided by a speech pathologist (gold standard).MethodsThree dentists and 1 speech pathologist clinically evaluated 265 older persons in southern Brazil, 123 were residents in long‐term care and 142 were community‐dwelling, all able to respond to the research protocol independently. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (+PV and −PV), and positive and negative likelihood ratios (+LR and −LR) were calculated according to standard methods. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.ResultsMean age of the participants was 73.5 (±8.9) years and most of them were women (N = 157, 59.2%). The prevalence of dysphagia as diagnosed by a speech pathologist was 45.3%. The accuracy of diagnosis was 0.84 for the clinical examination of swallowing by dentists. Furthermore, sensitivity was 0.77, specificity was 0.89, +PV was 0.85, −PV was 0.83, +LR was 7.02 and −LR was 0.25. The accuracy of EAT‐10 was 0.72, the sensitivity was 0.45, specificity was 0.94, +PV was 0.87, −PV was 0.67, +LR was 8.31 and −LR was 0.57.ConclusionsSimplified clinical examination of swallowing by dentists was found to be an accurate method to screen dysphagia in older persons.
The alchemy of gold: interest rates, money stock, and credit in eighteenth‐century Lisbon
Authors: Costa Leonor Freire , Rocha Maria Manuela , Brito Paulo B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article addresses the partial equilibrium functioning of the short‐term credit market in eighteenth‐century Lisbon and its response to massive gold inflows from Brazil. Gold inflows were a colonial rent, and thus a source of income and a financial asset that increased the liquidity supply in a credit market populated by both (direct) participants and non‐participants in the colonial trade or in mining. As a source of income it would induce a positive upward pressure on interest rates, while as a financial asset it would lead to the opposite. A method is developed to extract interest rates from notarized personal credit, unbundling the aggregate and the idiosyncratic components of risk pricing. The results show that interest rates in Lisbon did not differ critically from those observed in other cities at the core of the premodern European economy, which were spared from devastation by the earthquake that struck Lisbon in 1755. A simple model relating the market interest rate series to gold stock variations finds that the liquidity channel dominated over the endowment channel, which explains the downward trend in interest rates up until 1757 when the interest rates were freely settled. Mild credit rationing may have been introduced by a 5 per cent ceiling on interest rates that was imposed after 1757.
Regional grassland productivity responses to precipitation during multiyear above‐ and below‐average rainfall periods
Authors: Petrie Matthew D. , Peters Debra P. C. , Yao Jin , Blair John M. , Burruss Nathan D. , Collins Scott L. , Derner Justin D. , Gherardi Laureano A. , Hendrickson John R. , Sala Osvaldo E. , Starks Patrick J. , Steiner Jean L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThere is considerable uncertainty in the magnitude and direction of changes in precipitation associated with climate change, and ecosystem responses are also uncertain. Multiyear periods of above‐ and below‐average rainfall may foretell consequences of changes in rainfall regime. We compiled long‐term aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and precipitation (PPT) data for eight North American grasslands, and quantified relationships between ANPP and PPT at each site, and in 1–3 year periods of above‐ and below‐average rainfall for mesic, semiarid cool, and semiarid warm grassland types. Our objective was to improve understanding of ANPP dynamics associated with changing climatic conditions by contrasting PPT–ANPP relationships in above‐ and below‐average PPT years to those that occurred during sequences of multiple above‐ and below‐average years. We found differences in PPT–ANPP relationships in above‐ and below‐average years compared to long‐term site averages, and variation in ANPP not explained by PPT totals that likely are attributed to legacy effects. The correlation between ANPP and current‐ and prior‐year conditions changed from year to year throughout multiyear periods, with some legacy effects declining, and new responses emerging. Thus, ANPP in a given year was influenced by sequences of conditions that varied across grassland types and climates. Most importantly, the influence of prior‐year ANPP often increased with the length of multiyear periods, whereas the influence of the amount of current‐year PPT declined. Although the mechanisms by which a directional change in the frequency of above‐ and below‐average years imposes a persistent change in grassland ANPP require further investigation, our results emphasize the importance of legacy effects on productivity for sequences of above‐ vs. below‐average years, and illustrate the utility of long‐term data to examine these patterns.
Anticorrosion assessment of Al2O3‐TiO2 composite thin films derived from sol‐gel dipping technique
Authors: Oliaee Seyyed Alireza , Naghibi Sanaz 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMetal surface protection by means of nanostructured ceramic coatings is considered an issue, which is variously scrutinized, and more efforts are made to improve steel performance in accordance with this method. In this respect, this study sought to examine the protective effects of a nanostructured coating containing TiO2 and Al2O3. The optimization approach for obtaining a coating without any cracks with the highest efficiency of corrosion resistance is reported. The variables under assessment were as follows: weight ratio of the oxides, calcination temperature, and preparation parameters. The synthesized samples were analyzed utilizing XRD, FESEM, AFM, Tafel test, EIS, and microhardness measurement. The results revealed that the optimized conditions were as follows: (i) Ti:Al precursor mixture with a weight ratio of 75:25, (ii) heat treatment at 1000°C. This process yielded a uniform composite coating without any cracks with 5.1 nm roughness, containing crystalline rutile phase and amorphous alumina. Not only the intended coating improves the corrosion resistance of steel up to 97%, but it also increases its surface hardness up to 10 units.
Biogenic amines assessment during different stages of the canning process of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis)
Authors: Barbosa Roberta Garcia , Gonzaga Luciano Valdemiro , Lodetti Eduarda , Olivo Gisele , Costa Ana Carolina Oliveira , Aubourg Santiago Pedro , Fett Roseane 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe present research focused on the biogenic amines (BAs) formation in skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) throughout the whole canning process. In agreement with its wide employment on this species, on‐board brine immersion freezing (BIF) was tested as post‐mortem processing. The study included fish samples corresponding to different stages of the canning process such as frozen, thawed, cooked and canned; after cooking, two kinds of tuna muscles were considered, that is, whole fillets (main product) and grated muscle (off‐product arising from small pieces). For the BAs (tryptamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, spermidine and spermine) assessment, an HPLC‐DAD method was developed and validated in skipjack tuna samples, in agreement with different parameters such as suitability, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, accuracy and robustness. Tuna submitted on‐board to BIF procedure provided low levels of spermine and spermidine (up to 27.6 mg kg−1), while contents on the remaining BAs maintained below the limit of detection. Throughout the different stages of the canning process, skipjack tuna showed a low formation of most BAs; interestingly, histamine content was found below 10.6 mg kg−1 level. The highest values were obtained for spermidine, these related to cooked grated tuna (from 22.6 to 66.7 mg kg−1) and canned grated tuna (from 70.6 to 104.4 mg kg−1). Values for pH assessment in all kinds of tuna samples corroborated the results obtained for BAs determination. BIF procedure proved to be an amenable post‐mortem processing to guarantee the quality of canned skipjack tuna.
Corporate Responsibilization
Authors: Mildenberger Carl David 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article examines the conditions for responsibilizing corporations. When we responsibilize an agent, we hold him responsible for his choices – although we are aware that he is not yet fully fit to be held responsible – in order to induce in him the relevant characteristics for being fit to be held responsible at a later time. I find that the conditions of responsibilizability are not identical to the conditions for responsibilization we usually and reasonably apply. Typically, we only responsibilize agents who do not only meet the comparably weak conditions of responsibilizability, but who also fulfil additional criteria, as for example having demonstrated first signs of normative reasoning. I argue that corporations do not only meet the minimum threshold of responsibilizability, but also a comparably higher threshold, which allows us to engage in particularly effective forms of responsibilization. Basically, we may permissibly responsibilize the overwhelming majority of corporations in the same way parents responsibilize their growing children.
The Case for Markets in Citizenship
Authors: Freiman Christopher 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA number of countries sell citizenship rights to foreign buyers. Gary Becker makes an economic case for the state's sale of citizenship; more recently, Javier Hidalgo has offered a moral defence. However, the private sale of citizenship on a market remains largely unexplored and undefended. This article argues that under certain conditions states ought to permit their citizens to swap citizenship rights with foreigners in exchange for payment. I begin by offering two defeasible reasons to legalize citizenship markets: they would enable mutually beneficial exchange and increase the labour market opportunities of the global poor. I consider a number of counterarguments and conclude that none are dispositive, leaving the case for citizenship markets undefeated.
Influence of abandonment on syrphid assemblages in mountainous meadows
Authors: Hussain R. I. , Walcher R. , Brandl D. , Jernej I. , Arnberger A. , Zaller J. G. , Frank T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGrasslands are often managed with different intensities in the European Alps. Studies have shown that a medium management can benefit plant and animal biodiversity in these ecosystems. However, in recent decades abandonment of extensively managed meadows is an ongoing global challenge. Syrphids (hoverflies) have been recognized as a threatened group due to environmental drivers, and these managed grasslands provide preferred habitats for them. Yet, at what extent syrphids respond to grassland management strategies is little known. We investigated whether abandonment of managed mountain meadows (mown once a year, no fertilizer use) affects syrphid abundance, richness and species assemblages. Moreover, the influence of plant richness, flower frequency and surrounding landscape on syrphids were assessed. Four managed meadows were compared with four abandoned meadows in a mountainous region in Austria. Adult syrphids were sampled over two consecutive years (June and August 2015–2016) by sweep netting using line transects and observation plots. Syrphid abundance was significantly higher in managed than abandoned meadows and increased with increasing plant richness and flower frequency across management types. Management and sampling time also significantly affected syrphid species assemblages. Syrphid richness and abundance were not influenced by surrounding landscape. We conclude that both abandoned and managed meadows provide important habitat types for syrphids. Therefore, efforts should be made to maintain both managed and abandoned meadows in order to protect syrphid species within mountainous landscapes.