bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trace Element and In Situ O–Nd Isotope Signatures of Apatite from the Bilihe Porphyry Au-Only Deposit: Magmatic Constraints on Au Mineralization
Authors: Hong Jingxin , Zhai Degao , Keith Manuel , Zhao Qingqing , Liu Jiajun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The magmatic controls on the formation of porphyry Au-only deposits are still poorly understood. The Bilihe deposit (&gt; 30 t at 2.7 g/t Au) located at the northern margin of the North China Craton is such an example, where apatite chemistry from a causative granodiorite intrusion constrains the physicochemical conditions and ore-forming potential of the porphyry-related magmas. Apatite can be subdivided by distinct CL intensities into early CL-bright and late CL-gray/dark sub-types both occurring in fresh (Ap-f), as well as in potassic (Ap-k) and phyllic (Ap-p) altered granodiorite. The mostly euhedral CL-bright apatite shows a homogeneous texture and is enriched in LREE and depleted in Fe, Mg, Mn, Y, and U compared to CL-gray/dark apatite, which develops patchy or oscillatory zoning. The CL-gray/dark apatite exhibits decreasing Fe and Mg contents, as well as δ18O values from Ap-f to Ap-k and Ap-p due to consecutive fluid alteration during porphyry evolution, which was generally not observed in CL-bright apatite. We thus conclude that all types of CL-bright apatite but only CL-gray/dark Ap-f inherit the original magma composition. Binary O–Nd isotope mixing simulations suggest that both magmatic CL-bright apatite and CL-gray/dark Ap-f were influenced by crustal sediment assimilation. Our results further indicate that the magma parental to the Bilihe porphyry Au-only deposit was H2O-poor (&lt; 2 wt %), causing plagioclase fractionation in the absence of hornblende, as evidenced by relatively low Sr/Y (&lt; 0.1) and significantly negative Eu anomalies in magmatic apatite. Pressure estimates by magmatic biotite that record the late crystallization stage yielded 48.9 ± 8.4 MPa, indicating a shallow final emplacement depth of 1.85 ± 0.32 km. The studied apatites formed under volatile-saturated conditions from S-deficient magmas at relatively reduced conditions (ΔFMQ +0.5) compared to porphyry Cu deposits. We thus conclude that these physicochemical parameters together with the low-pressure conditions result in a fertile magmatic-hydrothermal environment for the formation of Au-only porphyry deposits.
A Matter of Respect: A Review Essay about Respect and Loathing in American Democracy: Polarization, Moralization, and the Undermining of Equality
Authors: Campbell David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In their new and theoretically innovative book, Respect and Loathing in American Democracy, Jeff Spinner-Halev and Elizabeth Theiss-Morse argue that the nation's politics suffers from a lack of respect among political opponents. In making their argument, they build a lot of bridges: between the normative and empirical sides of Political Science, between qualitative and quantitative research, and between contemporary scholarship and many of the seminal works from an earlier era. To address the respect deficit, they call for greater attention to civic education and—perhaps counterintuitively—less attention to politics.
Moment Conditions for Dynamic Panel Logit Models with Fixed Effects
Authors: Honoré Bo E , Weidner Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the construction of moment conditions in discrete choice panel data with individual-specific fixed effects. We describe how to systematically explore the existence of moment conditions that do not depend on the fixed effects, and we demonstrate how to construct them when they exist. Our approach is closely related to the numerical “functional differencing” construction introduced in a seminal paper by Bonhomme, but our emphasis is to find explicit analytic expressions for the moment functions. We first explain the construction and give examples of such moment conditions in various models. Then, we focus on the dynamic binary choice logit model and explore the implications of the moment conditions for the identification and estimation of the model parameters that are common to all individuals.
Impact of incident rheumatoid arthritis on earnings: a nationwide sibling comparison study
Authors: Miller Heather , Neovius Martin , Askling Johan , Bruze Gustaf 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
RA is known to impact work ability, but much of this knowledge comes from historical comparisons vs the general population that neither reflects current RA management nor distinguishes between effects of RA and pre-existing socio-economic conditions of patients. We therefore aimed to examine earnings of patients before and after RA diagnosis, using recent data and sibling comparisons.

Methods
Swedish register data were used including demographic information and healthcare utilization. Participants were patients with RA (aged 30–60 years, diagnosed with RA between 2006 and 2017) identified in the Swedish National Patient Register, and their same-sex siblings (n = 2433:2433; mean 48 years; 72% women). Earnings data for 2001–2019 were retrieved from Statistics Sweden and analysed from 5 years before to 5 years after RA diagnosis.

Results
No differences in average earnings were observed between siblings during the 5 years before diagnosis, but during the 5 years after diagnosis, patients with RA earned on average 5.4% less annually [–1430€ (95% CI –2130, −720)] than same-sexed siblings. The change in earnings for the subgroup diagnosed between 2006 and 2010 was –8.2% [–2020€ (95% CI –2930, –1120)] but for patients diagnosed between 2011 and 2017, there was no statistically significant change in earnings compared with siblings [–1.5%; –420€ (95% CI –1490, 640)]. Subgroup analyses demonstrated a more negative impact on earnings for older individuals and those with lower education level.

Conclusion
RA diagnosis was associated with lower earnings in comparison with same-sex siblings, particularly for older individuals and those with lower education level. The negative impact of RA on earnings declined or disappeared over the study period.
Prognostic significance of tubulointerstitial macrophage density in MPO-ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis: implications for renal outcomes
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Wu Di , Zhu Mengyue , Chen Duqun , Qiu Dandan , Tu Yuanmao , Xu Feng , Liang Dandan , Cheng Zhen , Zhang Haitao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the density of tubulointerstitial macrophages with renal outcomes in patients with myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated glomerulonephritis (MPO-ANCA-associated GN).

Methods
This study analysed patients with MPO-ANCA-associated GN who had renal biopsies at Jinling Hospital. It looked at the density of CD68+ macrophages in the tubulointerstitium and examined correlations with serum creatinine levels, urinary protein levels, treatment regimen and renal histologic class. The study used KM curves to show the impact of these factors on renal prognosis and conducted multivariate analyses with Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results
A total of 172 patients with MPO-ANCA-associated GN (median age: 50 y, 43.6% male) were included. Stratification of the cohort into tertiles was based on tubulointerstitial macrophage density. Significant differences in serum creatinine levels, induction treatment regimen, the rates of end-stage kidney disease, and renal histologic class were observed between the three groups. Correlation analysis showed that induction treatment regimen and renal histologic class were correlated with tubulointerstitial macrophage density. Kaplan–Meier curves illustrated patients with a lower presence of CD68+ macrophages in the tubulointerstitium experienced significantly better renal survival compared with those with a higher presence. The higher levels of CD68+ macrophage infiltration were significantly associated with adverse renal outcomes. This association persisted after adjusting for potential confounders including baseline serum creatinine, histopathological class, and induction therapy modalities.

Conclusion
The results of our study provide insight into the prognostic significance of macrophage infiltration in the tubulointerstitium in MPO-ANCA-associated GN.
17Science and Medicine
Authors: Sagal Anna K , Benedict Leah , Ryan William J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The works reviewed here explore a broad range of topics within the field of science, medicine, and technology studies. We have divided the chapter into three sections organized around a conceptual link. In the first section, Anna K. Sagal reviews two monographs that employ oceanic studies to explore novel forms of community and connection: Michele Currie Navakas’s Coral Lives: Literature, Labor, and the Making of America, and Hannah Freed-Thall’s Modernism at the Beach: Queer Ecologies and the Coastal Commons. In the second section, William J. Ryan examines two monographs that forcefully interrogate Western definitions of cognition and intellect: Sara E. Johnson’s Encyclopédie Noire: The Making of Moreau de Saint Méry’s Intellectual World and Abigail Williams’s Reading It Wrong: An Alternative History of Early Eighteenth-Century Literature. In the final section, Leah Benedict reviews an edited anthology that explores numerous exchanges between technology and culture: Kristen M. Girten and Aaron R. Hanlon’s British Literature and Technology, 1600–1830.
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Planey Taylor , Grosel John 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, heterogeneous reproductive endocrinopathy affecting 8% to 13% of women in their reproductive years. PCOS has a vast array of clinical manifestations, including metabolic complications, biochemical and phenotypical hyperandrogenism, menstrual cycle dysfunction, and anovulation resulting in infertility. Understanding the relationship of the disorder's pathophysiologic and clinical manifestations is key to successfully managing patients with PCOS. Patients may have different prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal experiences than those who do not have PCOS, and may require a higher level of care or treatment plan adjustments.
Utilizing PRAME Expression and a Meta-Analytic Framework for iSALT to Explore Atypical Late-Onset Nevi of the Elderly and Their Relationship With Lentiginous and Nested Nevoid Melanomas
Authors: Kossard Steven , Sharifi Shahin , Calvey Linda 
Published: October 2024

Background:
In contrast to early-onset dysplastic nevi, late-onset atypical nevi of the elderly are more often precursors to distinctive nevoid melanomas. PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma (PRAME) immunohistochemistry was applied to delineate the nevoid aspect of late-onset oncogenic nevoid pathway. Inducible Skin-Associated Lymphoid Tissue, regulatory T-cell mesenchymal hubs, has emerged as a translational tool and was used to define nevoid oncogenesis within a dynamic meta-analytic pathway.

Methods:
PRAME immunohistochemistry was applied after designating a histopathologic diagnosis. Late-onset atypical nested lentiginous nevus, lentiginous nested melanoma, and hypercellular nested nevoid melanoma were the diagnostic categories. A positive PRAME for melanoma was set at 75% percentage labeling.
A wide-ranging published evidence-based database was incorporated to develop a meta-analytic framework for oncogenic nevogenesis. This combined inducible Skin-Associated Lymphoid Tissue incorporating the pleiotropic functions of regulatory T cells regulating immunity and gene regulatory epigenetics as principal modulators.

Results:
Concordant-negative PRAME expression was present in 64 of 81 (79%) atypical nested lentiginous nevi, concordant-positive PRAME expression occurred in 54 of 75 (72%) nevoid lentiginous and nested melanomas, and 18 of 23 (78%) nevoid hypercellular nested melanomas.

Conclusions:
PRAME expression confirmed the existence of a late-onset oncogenic nevoid pathway that can be defined by histopathology. Subsequent meta-analysis data linked to the meta-analytic framework revealed that PRAME is an epigenetic surrogate antigen expressed because of repression of retinoic acid receptor signaling, preventing ligand-induced retinoic acid cellular differentiation, growth arrest, and apoptosis, and promoting melanoma growth and survival for melanomas. PRAME is only a single antigen within a highly complex dynamic framework that governs nevoid oncogenesis. Significantly, the retinoic acid/retinoic acid receptor complex has been shown to modulate the immunosuppressive arm of regulatory T cells underpinning immune tolerance and is pertinent to the broad framework but is not linked to PRAME expression in this arm.
Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum-Like Features in Poroma: An Unusual Morphologic Pattern of Poroma or True Synchronous Occurrence of 2 Distinct Neoplasms?
Authors: Alsawas Mouaz , Muhaj Fiorinda F. , Aung Phyu P. , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Cho Woo Cheal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Poromas are benign adnexal neoplasms of eccrine origin, believed to arise from the outer layer of acrosyringia and upper dermal eccrine ducts, with a predilection for glabrous skin. They typically present as a pink or red papule with a surrounding thin moat on the palms and soles. We report a case of poroma with histopathologic features reminiscent of syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP). A 70-year-old woman presented with a 2.0 cm pedunculated nodule on the left suprapubic abdomen. Histopathologically, the lesion predominantly displayed features of a conventional poroma but also included areas with endophytic invaginations lined by large, plump epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and occasional decapitation secretion, alongside a stroma rich in plasma cells—characteristics suggestive of SCAP. However, definitive bilayers with myoepithelial cells were not observed. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the tumor cells were positive for TRPS1 (particularly around SCAP-like areas) and CEA (indicating ductal differentiation), but negative for BRAF V600E and NUT. The diagnosis of poroma with apocrine differentiation mimicking SCAP was favored. This unusual morphologic variation in poromas is rare, with fewer than 5 cases documented in the literature. These SCAP-like features likely represent a variation within the morphologic spectrum of poromas rather than the presence of 2 synchronous tumors. Our case highlights the importance of recognizing such variations in poroid neoplasms to ensure accurate diagnosis.
The Utility of PRAME and Ki-67 as Prognostic Markers for Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Asato Marcel Arakaki , Moraes Neto Francisco Alves , Moraes Marcelo Padovani de Toledo , Ocanha-Xavier Juliana Polizel , Takita Luiz Carlos , Fung Maxwell A. , Marques Mariangela Esther Alencar , Xavier-Júnior José Cândido Caldeira 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Cutaneous melanoma can lead to metastasis, and it is associated with high mortality. Currently, there are no widely accepted immunohistochemistry markers for melanoma prognosis in routine staging. Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is a possible biomarker for prognosis in several noncutaneous neoplasms. Ki-67 is a cell proliferation marker correlated with poor outcomes in many cancers. This study assessed PRAME and Ki-67 as potential prognostic markers for sentinel lymph node outcomes and survival among melanoma patients. This is a retrospective study analyzing cutaneous melanoma cases from a Brazilian cancer center (2005–2021). All cases were tested using immunohistochemistry to evaluate PRAME expression and Ki-67 index. Descriptive analysis, Spearman correlations, means comparison, Kaplan–Meier analysis, χ2, and Cox models were performed. In univariate analysis of 123 cutaneous melanoma cases, high extent (P = 0.0267) and elevated intensity (P = 0.043) of PRAME were associated with decreased overall survival. The Ki-67 index was associated with overall survival (P = 0.05) and sentinel lymph node status (P = 0.0403), with a positive correlation between the markers (P = 0.0004) and between Ki-67 and Breslow thickness (P = 0.0001). However, in multivariate analysis, only Breslow thickness significantly influenced overall survival (P = 0.0003). Then, the present results can suggest that elevated PRAME and Ki-67 expression are associated with poor overall survival in cutaneous melanoma; however, in multivariate analysis, only the Breslow thickness had a significant influence. These findings highlight the potential of PRAME and Ki-67 as prognostic markers, opening frontiers that could improve strategies for treating cutaneous melanoma.
Compliance With Accreditation Standards on Diversity: Is Institutional Support the Missing Link?
Authors: Fleming Shani , Kulo Violet , Stakem Andrew , Gordes Karen L. , Jun Hyun-Jin , Ludeman Emilie , Cawley James F. , Kayingo Gerald 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
The role of accreditation standards in fostering diversity and inclusion in academic programs remains poorly understood. Accreditation is one approach to increasing diversity through Standard A1.11. This study investigates the impact of the Accreditation Review Commission-Physician Assistant (ARC-PA) standards on diversity and inclusion in physician assistant (PA) programs and explores challenges faced by programs in achieving compliance.

Methods
This qualitative exploratory study first reviewed diversity standards in accreditation documents among selected health professions; second, data on the frequency of citations from ARC-PA related to diversity were gathered and analyzed; finally, opinions from 23 PA faculty and leaders were solicited through semistructured interviews. Two research team members analyzed the data to identify themes.

Results
Most institutions sponsoring PA programs had preexisting diversity policies before the inception of standard A1.11 of the ARC-PA. Between June 2020 and March 2023, seven programs received 16 citations related to Standard A1.11. Interviews with faculty revealed 4 major themes: (1) the importance of institutional support, (2) early pipeline development of applicants, (3) prioritizing faculty and/or student diversity as key program goals, and (4) local context, with institutional support and pipeline development being most prominent.

Discussion
The inclusion of Standard A1.11 in the ARC-PA Standards signifies the growing recognition of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in PA education. Institutions can advance DEI in the PA profession by leveraging accreditation-related activities through leadership, partnerships, and accountability measures consistent with the institution's mission and applicable laws. Institutional support emerged as an important factor in compliance with diversity-related accreditation standards.
Positive correlation between n−6 : n−3 PUFA ratio intake with serum oxHDL/HDL-c ratio in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Godinez-Mora Sissi , Campos-Perez Wendy , Perez-Robles Mariana , Robles-Jimarez Cesar , Muñoz-Hernandez Alejandra , Torres-Vanegas Joel , Martinez-Lopez Erika 
Published: October 2024

Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases where serum lipoprotein oxidation plays a significant role. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n−6 : n−3 unbalance ratio consumption, affects lipoprotein oxidation, and inflammation processes. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between n−6 : n−3 PUFA ratio intake with oxidized lipoproteins in individuals with CAD.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed including 105 subjects (51 diagnosed with CAD and 54 non-CAD) from western Mexico. Dietary information was collected using a habitual day food record. Serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL) concentrations were quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
CAD subjects had higher oxHDL/HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) ratio [0.102 (0.092–0.112) vs. 0.080 (0.070–0.090), P = 0.004] and oxLDL/LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) ratio [129.2 (108–150.4) vs. 59.7 (39.3–80), P < 0.001] compared to non-CAD subjects. Risk factors associated with CAD were a high n−6 : n−3 PUFA ratio (odds ratio, OR = 2.3, P = 0.046), hypoalphalipoproteinemia in men (OR = 3.2, P = 0.014), moderate/high tobacco index (OR = 6.33, P = 0.003), elevated waist circumference in women (OR = 7, P = 0.004), hypertension (OR = 21.14, P < 0.001), and type 2 diabetes (OR: 25, P < 0.001). The oxHDL/HDL-c ratio was positively associated with the n−6 : n−3 PUFA ratio [r
2 = 28.3, B = 0.002 (0.001–0.003), P < 0.001] in CAD patients.

Conclusions
This study showed that a higher n−6 : n−3 PUFA ratio intake correlates with higher serum oxHDL/HDL-c in CAD patients.
Cryoprobe biopsy versus mechanical biopsies in pulmonary diagnostics
Authors: Ueoka Miki , Ronaghi Reza , Khauli Samih , Channick Colleen L. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
Biopsy tools have been essential in improving the diagnostic accuracy of bronchoscopic procedures. Of these tools, cryobiopsy has emerged as a promising technique for diagnosing thoracic diseases. This review summarizes the existing data comparing cryobiopsies to other mechanical biopsy methods for sampling endobronchial, parenchymal, and mediastinal targets.

Recent findings
Initially adopted for managing airway stenoses, the use of cryoprobes has expanded to diagnosing endobronchial lesions, parenchymal opacities, and mediastinal lymph node pathologies. Studies have demonstrated that cryobiopsy offers a higher diagnostic yield than forceps biopsy alone. By leveraging the Joule-Thomson effect to freeze and collect larger tissue samples compared to traditional methods, cryobiopsy improves diagnostic accuracy and helps in better characterizing the nature of the lesions. While the risk of complications, such as pneumothorax and hemorrhage are comparable to, or higher than traditional biopsy methods, cryobiopsy's enhanced diagnostic capabilities make it a valuable tool in the assessment of pulmonary disease.

Summary
Compared with other mechanical biopsy techniques, cryoprobe biopsies significantly enhance the diagnostic yield for endobronchial lesions, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary nodules, and mediastinal lymph nodes.