bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inversión en el posconflicto: fortalecimiento institucional y reconstrucción del capital social
Authors: Niño Jairo , Devia Camilo 
Published: March 2017

Con el fin de la Guerra Fría, los conflictos de carácter intraestatal escalaron en número, duración e intensidad; demandando una reorganización de los objetivos de los agentes internacionales interesados en la reconstrucción subsiguiente. El diagnóstico apropiado de las dinámicas de inversión y la respuesta del sector privado a los esfuerzos que en esta materia hacen instituciones locales e internacionales, es de importancia capital para optimizar los procesos de reconstrucción de la vida política y económica en escenarios de posconflicto. El presente documento explora esta dinámica con foco en las variables que generan un ambiente propicio para el fortalecimiento institucional y la construcción de capital social, áreas más vulnerables en los conflictos civiles y que desde 1989 han cobrado especial relevancia en los esfuerzos para la construcción de una paz duradera.
El protectorado británico en la costa Mosquitia, 1837-1849
Authors: Ghotme Rafat 
Published: March 2017

La reasunción del protectorado británico en la Mosquitia ha estado relacionada normalmente con consideraciones imperialistas, y, paralelamente, a la posesión de una zona donde se proyectaba construir un canal interoceánico a través de Nicaragua. En realidad, estas tesis ofrecen serias dificultades para comprender el origen y evolución de la cuestión mosquitia, pues desconocen, a priori, otros tipos de factores que terminan socavando la visión imperialista; factores históricos y civilizacionales, sin duda, pero también estratégicos y comerciales, llevaron a la Gran Bretaña a revivir la práctica del protectorado mosquito.
Моделювання прийняття рішень оператором дистанційно пілотованого літального апарату в аварійних ситуаціях
Authors: Kharchenko Volodymyr , Shmelova Tatyana , Znakovska Yevgeniya , Bondarev Dmitriy , Stratiy Andriy 
Published: March 2017

Мета: Відсутність алгоритму рекомендацій дій оператора БПЛА в надзвичайних ситуаціях, розкладання процесу прийняття рішень оператором БПЛА в надзвичайних ситуаціях, розробка структури системи підтримки прийняття рішень для оператора БПЛА, розробка моделей прийняття рішень оператором БПЛА. Методи: Створення алгоритму прийняття рішень за допомогою критеріїв Вальда, Гурвіца, Ла Пласа. Результати: програма "UAV_AS", що дає рекомендації оператору БПЛА про те, як діяти в разі виникнення надзвичайної ситуації. Авторами розроблено алгоритм дій рекомендації оператора БПЛА в надзвичайних ситуаціях. Представлений процес прийняття рішень оператором БПЛА в надзвичайних ситуаціях у вигляді детермінованої моделі із застосуванням методів мережевого моделювання. Побудовано мережевий граф, за яким визначено критичний час на парирування надзвичайної ситуації у разі польоту БПЛА. Розроблено структуру розподіленої СППР для колективного управління пілотованих та безпілотних літальних апаратів оператором. Авторами розроблено бази даних для локальних СППР операторів управління БПЛА, Розроблено моделі прийняття рішень оператором БПЛА в умовах ризику та в умовах невизначеності у разі аварійної посадки БПЛА. Обговорення: У статті розглядаються проблеми польотів безпілотних літальних апаратів для вирішення різних завдань в надзвичайній ситуації, засноване на статистичних даних від аналізу типів надзвичайних ситуацій для безпілотних літальних апаратів. Визначається послідовність дій оператора БПЛА в разі виникнення надзвичайних ситуацій.
Електроокиснення карбонових кислот на шунгітовому електроді
Authors: Davydenko Oleksandr , Ledovskykh Volodymyr 
Published: March 2017

Мета: Стаття розглядає електрохімічний метод спрямованого перетворення карбонових кислот, як найагресивніших продуктів окиснення вуглеводнів, назад у відповідні вуглеводні. Існуючі методи регенерації відпрацьованих нафтових олив мають суттєві недоліки, до яких належить утворення нових важкоутилізованих відходів та втрата значної частини оливи під час регенерації. Методи: Дослідженні процеси електроокиснення карбонової кислоти на різних електродних матеріалах: платиновому, графітовому та шунгітовому анодах. Результати: Потенціостатичні поляризаційні криві з одночасним вимірюванням рН приелектродного розчину показали відмінності перебігу процесу на даних анодних матеріалах: вихід димеру за реакцією Кольбе зменшується при переході від платини до шунгіту. За потенціалів, вищих за 2,0 В, карбонова кислота має більш високу адсорбційну здатність порівняно з водою. Тому побічного фарадеївського процесу окиснення води майже не спостерігається, що сприяє високому виходу за струмом цільового продукту. Електролізом розчинів карбонових кислот при контрольованому потенціалі (2,0 та 2,4 В) та хроматографічним аналізом утворених продуктів показано, що разом з утворенням димерних структур за реакцією Кольбе, спостерігається виникнення суміші вуглеводнів, які можуть бути результатом диспропорціонування вуглеводневого радикалу (алкан та алкен), та вуглеводнів ізомерної структури, за рахунок подальшого окиснення вуглеводневого радикалу до карбкатіону і його подальші трансформації у відповідні насичені та ненасичені ізомери. Таке твердження не підтверджується уявленням про перебіг одно- та двох-електронного окиснення карбонової кислоти. Обговорення: Запропонована загальна схема окиснення карбонової кислоти за одно-електронним механізмом (димеризація та диспропорціонування радикалу) і двох-електронним механізмом (утворення та перегрупування карбкатіону). Утворення вуглеводнів при електроокисненні карбонових кислот відпрацьованих олив при їх регенерації, може сприяти збільшенню виходу оливи без утворення побічних небезпечних продуктів.
Feria del Cerrado, Goiânia: la participación social para el desarollo local
Authors: Tuma Raquel Lage , Marques Heitor Romero , Soares Maria Elisabeth Alves Mesquita 
Published: March 2017

En esta investigación, se tuvo como propósito el análisis de la ‘Feria del Cerrado’ (Feira do Cerrado), como un instrumento de desarrollo local con la participación social de los artesanos. El objetivo ha sido indicar como una feria de artesanía puede contribuir para el desarrollo local, por medio de un grupo de artesanos. El procedimiento metodológico fue la investigación exploratoria, con revisión bibliográfica, en las áreas de desarrollo local sustentable, participación social y un estudio de caso sobre la ‘Feria del Cerrado’ (Feira do Cerrado), una feria de artesanías, situada en el municipio de Goiânia, Brasil. Se utilizó la técnica del estudio descriptivo e investigación de campo con entrevista semi estructurada aplicada a los dirigentes y feriantes, así como la observación de la feria y conversas informales con los feriantes, con la intención de identificar la situación real y proceder a un análisis de cómo ha sido la relación entre dirigentes y feriantes. A continuación es dado el enfoque a las actividades de artesanías y el objeto de estudio de la ‘Feria del Cerrado’ (Feira do Cerrado), con la expectativa de que el desarrollo local sea facilitador de mejoría de la calidad de vida de grupos específicos.
Uso da análise envoltória de dados para mensuração da sustentabilidade de hotéis-fazenda em Pernambuco
Authors: Souza Viviane , Melo Andre de Souza , Sobral Marcos Felipe Falcão , Marília Valença Marília 
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo fala da eficiência na gestão da responsabilidade socioambiental nos hotéis-fazenda da Região Agreste de Pernambuco. O universo da amostra são seis hotéis-fazenda que possuem algum apelo referente à sustentabilidade em seus sites. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como exploratória, descritiva e de corte transversal. A natureza dos dados é quantitativa usando uma metodologia não paramétrica conhecida como a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA). Os resultados apresentam diferenças em relação à eficiência sustentável dos hotéis em análise. Entretanto há modificação de cenário quando se alteram as variáveis (inputs e outputs) da avaliação geral, alterando a eficiência relativa das unidades. A metodologia utilizada e os resultados podem orientar a aplicação dessa pesquisa em outras realidades.
Caracterização da Colônia de Pescadores Z2 de Cáceres em Mato Grosso
Authors: Façanha Cristiane Lima , Da Silva Carolina Joana 
Published: March 2017

Esta pesquisa foi realizada na Colônia de pescadores Z2, em Mato Grosso, com o objetivo de caracterizá-la por meio de pesquisa documental. A Colônia é composta por 692 pescadores, com idade entre 30 e 60 anos e tempo de pesca de menos de 10 anos. A análise evidenciou a crescente participação das mulheres atuando como pescadoras e gestoras administrativas da Colônia. A base de dados apresentou-se como um recurso para subsidiar os pescadores nas demandas de sua inclusão em políticas públicas.
Waist Circumference as The Strongest Factor Related to Blood Glucose Level
Authors: Septyaningrum Nenni , Martini Santi 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity is associated with the increasing incident of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity, especially abdominal obesity is an important risk factor for the onset of diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between body mass index, waist circumference and waist hip ratio with blood glucose level. The study design was cross-sectional. The study population was elderly posyandu member aged 45 to 70 years in Menur clinic work area who were registered in elderly posyandu activities in May 2013. The numbers of sample were 60 respondents who drawn by simple random sampling method. The variabels of this study were the characteristics of respondent, body mass index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio and fasting blood glucose level. The study showed that respondents classified as overweight (38%), obesity (33, 3%), abdominal obesity based on waist circumference (77.8%), abdominal obesity based on waist hip ratio (81,7 %) and blood glucose level more than 125 mg/dl (8.3%). Pearson correlation test showed that there was relationship between body mass index with blood sugar levels (p=0,007; r=0,345), between waist circumference with blood sugar levels (p=0,001; r=0,424) and between waist hip ratio with blood sugar levels (p =0,002; r=0,392). Waist circumference as the strongest factor related to blood glucose level. Waist circumference measurement should be done in elderly posyandu activities to detect high-risk individuals with diabetes. Keywords: Diabetes, body mass index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio, blood glucose level
Environment Biological and Health Care Efforts Influenced of Lymfatic Filariasis Incidence, Sarmi Distric
Authors: Sipayung Mina , Wahjuni Chatarina Umbul , Devy Shrimarti 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTDistrict Sarmi is the most endemic area of filariasis in Papua which has rate of microfilaria (mf) (47.06%) up to the year2012. In the Province Papua filarial worm is Wuchereria bancrofti and is transmitted through the bite of a mosquito vectors. Lymphatic filariasis does not cause death, but in chronic cases it causes disability, psychosocial problems, stigma, and decreased productivity. This study was aimed to analyze environment biological and health care efforts that influence the incidence of lymphatic filariasis. This study used case-control method. Samples comprised 32 case samples (mf +) and 32 control samples (mf-). Primary data were collected through interviews and observation. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square and continued with multivariate Logistic Regression. Statistical analysis obtained indicated two variables on the incidence of lymphatic filariasis limfatik in District Sarmi (health care efforts pvalue = 0.002, OR: 7.779, as well as the biological environment pvalue= 0.008, OR: 5.841). Significant variables were health services with sub-variables promotion, prevention and the environmental biology. Suggestion: Mosquito bites should be avoided, the vector should be controlled through mutual cooperation and health promotion should be implemented.Keywords: Wuchereria bancrofti, lymphatic filariasis, vector, health care, Sarmi Distric
Relationship Between TB Treatment Phase and Knowledge of MDR TB with TB Patient’s Compliance
Authors: Yuni I Dewa Ayu Made Made 
Published: March 2017

Indonesia is in second rank of pulmonary TB cases in the world after India. Forty-six percent total cases in the world are accounted from India, Indonesia and China. It is estimated that 3,3% of new cases is multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB), a level that has remained unchanged in recent years. Pulmonary tuberculosis is a cronic infectious disease. Long-time treatment with the amount of medication and variying treatment effects causes sufferers often treatened to drop out treatment during recovery. This research was aimed to analyze relationship between treatment phase and knowledge of MDR TB with TB patient compliance in the treatment. The method was used an observational analitic study with cross sectional design. The questionnaire was conducted on 59 patients TB. Sampling method is simple random sampling. Questionnaire were conducted to obtain more in-depth information about the variables studied. The research variable include patient characteristics (age, gender, education, occupation), treatment phase, knowledge of MDR TB and TBpatient compliance in the treatment. Based on Chi Square test, there was signifi cant relationship between TB treatment phase with TB patient compliance (p = 0.03;PR =1.593). There was relationship between knowledge of MDR TB patient with TB patient compliance (p = 0.039;PR = 1.164). The conclusion is that there was relationship between TB treatment phase and knowledge of MDR TB patient with TB patient compliance in the treatment. Knowledge of MDR TB enable the patient to understand that the disease can be cured with regular medical treatment as instructed.Keywords: treatment phase, knowledge of MDR TB, patient compliance
Risk Factors Correlated with Incidence of Low Birth Weight Cases
Authors: Purwanto Anjas Dwi 
Published: March 2017

The infant with Low Birth Weight (LBW) was one of the risk factors that contributed to the high infant mortality, especially in the neonatal period. About 17% from 25 millions birth each year in the world are infant with LBW. LBW could be caused by multifactor that were maternal factors (maternal age, birth interval, parity, anemia), social-economic and behaviour, fetus factor, placental factor, and environmental factor. The research aims was to analyze the risk factors correlated with incidence of LBW. This research was an observational research with case-control design. The number of samples in this research were 120 mothers who delivered in working area of RSIA Kendangsari in 2014. The subjects were selected used systematic random method. The independent variabels in this research were maternal age, education level, employment status, birth interval, parity, age pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, hypertension, and anemia, while the dependent variable in this research was LBW. Based on correlation analysis used Chi-square test showed there were not significant correlation (p>0,05) between birth interval and parity with LBW cases and there were significant correlations (p<0,05) between age pregnancy, hypertension during pregnancy and anemia with LBW cases. Odds Ratio (OR) were 13,571 on age pregnancy, 2,224 on multiple pregnancy,2,753 on hypertension and 4,030 on anemia. The conlusion showed that the risk factors of LBW cases were age pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, hypertension and anemia. While maternal age, education level, employment status, birth intervaland parity were not had any correlation with LBW cases.Keywords: LBW, risk factors, babies, maternal, pregnancy
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME SAUDI ARABIAN HERBAL PLANTS
Authors: Shahat Abdelaaty A. , Mahmoud Elsayed A. , Al-Mishari Abdullah A. , Alsaid Mansour S. 
Published: March 2017

Background: Several edible plants are used in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia since early time to control microbial
infections. In the present study, twenty-four Saudi Arabian medicinal plants d according to traditionally used were
select and investigated for the antimicrobial activities
Materials and Methods: This study was designed at evaluating the antimicrobial activities of the methanol extracts of
twenty-four species of sixteen plant families used in the traditional medicine by Saudi Arabian people for the treatment
of numerous ailments of the microbial and non-microbial origin against four Gram-positive, four Gram-negative
bacteria and four fungi and yeast using the agar well diffusion method.
Results: Of most of the plants tested were found to be active against two to eight organisms. Five plants were active
against eight organisms. The data appeared that extracts of Echium arabicum (SY-176), Rhantarium epapposum (SY-
180), Rumex vesicarus (SY-181), Ziziphus nummularia (SY-188), Caylusea hexagyna (SY-197) and Artemisia
monosperma (SY-198) have anti-microbial activity against the most of tested bacteria, fungi and yeast. Whereas (SY-
181), the extracts of Teucrium oliverianum (SY-175), Zilla spinosa (SY-187), and Rhazya stricta (SY-195) have poor
action against the tested bacteria, fungi and yeast.
Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against bacteria was more effective than against fungi
ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF STEM BARK EXTRACT OF BOMBAX CEIBA COLLECTED LOCALLY FROM SOUTH PUNJAB AREA OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Rehman Masood- ur- , Akhtar Naveed , Mustafa Rehan 
Published: March 2017

Background: Ethnic medication systems have been used extensively by humans since their origin. Now a day, in the
developing countries these systems are being used due to their effectiveness and affordability. Especially inhabitants of
rural areas still rely on these systems as first line of treatment against diseased conditions. Till now, majority of medicines
is derived from the natural origin particularly plants owing to their little side effects and cost effectiveness.
Materials and Methods: In the present work, we evaluated antibacterial and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of
Bombax ceiba stem bark. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also assessed in the extract. The antioxidant capacity
was determined by DPPH, Nitric Oxide scavenging and reducing power activity. For antibacterial activity, Gram-negative
(Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi) and Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis,
Staphylococcus aureus) were used.
Results: Phenolic content was 133.21±1.56 μg GAE/mg of extract while Flavonoid content was 997.93±2.14 μg QE/mg.
Plant extract demonstrated strong antiradical activity with EC50 18.78 ± 0.69 and 23.62 ± 1.99μg/ml for Nitric Oxide and
DPPH assay respectively while EC50 in case of reducing power activity was 139.4 ± 0.98μg/ml. Plant extract displayed
inhibitory effect against microbial growth with S. typhi as the most resistant strain and Staphylococcus aureus the most
sensitive one.
Conclusion: This study revealed that Bombax ceiba of local origin has broad spectrum antibacterial activity and it can also
provide defense against oxidative stress.
THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF HOLARRHENA FLORIBUNDA (G. DON) DUR. AND SCHINZ (APOCYNACEAE)
Authors: Hoekou Yao Patrick , Tchacondo Tchadjobo , Karou Simplice Damintoti , Yerbanga Rakiswende Serge , Achoribo Elom , Da Ollo , Atakpama Wouyo , Batawila Komlan 
Published: March 2017

Background: Holarrhena floribunda is a plant of wide usage in the Togolese folk medicine. A previous ethnobotanical
survey on the latex plants of the Maritime region of the country revealed that this plant was included in several recipes
curing malaria and microbial infections. Therefore, this study aimed to seek for the effectiveness of the ethanolic
extract of the plant in the treatment of these diseases.
Methods: The antimicrobial test was performed using the agar well-diffusion and the NCCLS broth microdilution
methods, while the in vivo antimalarial activity was evaluated following the four-day suppressive test of Peters. The
acute toxic effects of the extract were monitored after a single oral dose (5,000 mg/kg body weight) administration in
NMRI mice.
Results: The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of leaves of H. floribunda was active on Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC 29213 and clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae with MICs
ranging from 0.62 to 1.25 mg/mL. The extract also showed significant parasitaemia suppression in a dose-dependent
manner. In the acute toxicity assay, the oral administration of the extract to the mice did not affect the relative weight of
vital organs, and there were no signs of toxicity or death during the study period. The LD50 of the tested extract was
found to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg, indicating its safety.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the antibacterial and antimalarial activities of leaves of H. floribunda and then,
supports its medicinal use in the treatment of microbial infections.
EFFECT OF THAI SARAPHI FLOWER EXTRACTS ON WT1 AND BCR/ABL PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN LEUKEMIC CELL LINES
Authors: Sangkaruk Rungkarn , Rungrojsakul Methee , Tima Singkome , Anuchapreeda Songyot 
Published: March 2017

Background: Saraphi (Mammea siamensis) is a Thai traditional herb. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of crude ethanolic and
fractional extracts including hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions from M. siamensis flowers were investigated in order to
determine their effect on WT1 expression in Molt4 and K562 cells and Bcr/Abl expression in K562 cells.
Materials and Methods: The flowers of M. siamensis were extracted using ethanol. The ethanol flower extract was further
fractionated with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Cytotoxic effects were measured by the MTT assay. Bcr/Abl and WT1
protein levels after treatments were determined by Western blotting. The total cell number was determined via the typan blue
exclusion method.
Results: The hexane fraction showed the strongest cytotoxic activity on Molt4 and K562 cells, with IC50 values of 2.6 and 77.6
μg/ml, respectively. The hexane extract decreased Bcr/Abl protein expression in K562 cells by 74.6% and WT1 protein
expressions in Molt4 and K562 cells by 68.4 and 72.1%, respectively. Total cell numbers were decreased by 66.2 and 48.7% in
Molt4 and K562 cells, respectively. Mammea E/BB (main active compound) significantly decreased both Bcr/Abl and
WT1protein expressions by 75 and 49.5%, respectively when compared to vehicle control.
Conclusion: The hexane fraction from M. siamensis flowers inhibited cell proliferation via the suppression of WT1 expression in
Molt4 and K562 cells and Bcr/Abl expression in K562 cells. The active compound may be mammea E/BB. Extracts from M.
siamensis flowers show promise as naturally occurring anti-cancer drugs.