bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of energetic and heavy ions to the plasma pressure: The 27 September to 3 October 2002 storm
Authors: Kronberg E. A. , Welling D. , Kistler L. M. , Mouikis C. , Daly P. W. , Grigorenko E. E. , Klecker B. , Dandouras I. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMagnetospheric plasma sheet ions drift toward the Earth and populate the ring current. The ring current plasma pressure distorts the terrestrial internal magnetic field at the surface, and this disturbance strongly affects the strength of a magnetic storm. The contribution of energetic ions (>40 keV) and of heavy ions to the total plasma pressure in the near‐Earth plasma sheet is not always considered. In this study, we evaluate the contribution of low‐energy and energetic ions of different species to the total plasma pressure for the storm observed by the Cluster mission from 27 September until 3 October 2002. We show that the contribution of energetic ions (>40 keV) and of heavy ions to the total plasma pressure is ≃76–98.6% in the ring current and ≃14–59% in the magnetotail. The main source of oxygen ions, responsible for ≃56% of the plasma pressure of the ring current, is located at distances earthward of XGSE ≃ −13.5 RE during the main phase of the storm. The contribution of the ring current particles agrees with the observed Dst index. We model the magnetic storm using the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF). We assess the plasma pressure output in the ring current for two different ion outflow models in the SWMF through comparison with observations. Both models yield reasonable results. The model which produces the most heavy ions agrees best with the observations. However, the data suggest that there is still potential for refinement in the simulations.
Comparison of full and quasi‐static seismoelectric analytically based modeling
Authors: Gao Yongxin , Huang Feng , Hu Hengshan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractQuasi‐static electromagnetic (EM) approximation was frequently used in numerical modeling of the seismoelectric wavefields, but the computational error it brings is unclear. In this study, we investigate the error caused by the quasi‐static EM approximation based on a horizontally layered model. With such an approximation we obtain a simplified set of Pride's equations and present an analytically based algorithm to solve the seismoelectric responses to an explosive source. First, we solve the seismic wavefields by ignoring the influence of the converted EM fields on the propagation of the seismic waves. Second, we simplify Maxwell equations to a Poisson equation of the electric potential, from which the EM signals are solved. The solved EM signals are compared with the solutions solved from the full Pride's equations to investigate the error caused by the quasi‐static EM approximation. The result shows that the quasi‐static EM approximation causes the loss of the electric field accompanying the S waves and yields errors in modeling the coseismic magnetic fields accompanying the S waves. The errors tend to become smaller when increasing the frequency and decreasing the salinity, implying that the quasi‐static EM approximation seems to be more suitable for simulating the coseismic EM signals under high‐frequency and low‐salinity conditions. The quasi‐static EM approximation also affects the simulation of the interfacial EM waves. Only under the condition that the wavelength of the EM wave is much larger than the source‐receiver distance, the quasi‐static method is valid in simulating the EM wave.
A geodetic matched filter search for slow slip with application to the Mexico subduction zone
Authors: Rousset B. , Campillo M. , Lasserre C. , Frank W. B. , Cotte N. , Walpersdorf A. , Socquet A. , Kostoglodov V. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSince the discovery of slow slip events, many methods have been successfully applied to model obvious transient events in geodetic time series, such as the widely used network strain filter. Independent seismological observations of tremors or low‐frequency earthquakes and repeating earthquakes provide evidence of low‐amplitude slow deformation but do not always coincide with clear occurrences of transient signals in geodetic time series. Here we aim to extract the signal corresponding to slow slips hidden in the noise of GPS time series, without using information from independent data sets. We first build a library of synthetic slow slip event templates by assembling a source function with Green's functions for a discretized fault. We then correlate the templates with postprocessed GPS time series. Once the events have been detected in time, we estimate their duration T and magnitude Mw by modeling a weighted stack of GPS time series. An analysis of synthetic time series shows that this method is able to resolve the correct timing, location, T, and Mw of events larger than Mw 6 in the context of the Mexico subduction zone. Applied on a real data set of 29 GPS time series in the Guerrero area from 2005 to 2014, this technique allows us to detect 28 transient events from Mw 6.3 to 7.2 with durations that range from 3 to 39 days. These events have a dominant recurrence time of 40 days and are mainly located at the downdip edges of the Mw>7.5 slow slip events.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of CO2reactive transport in network fractured media
Authors: Tian Zhiwei , Wang Junye 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) geological sequestration plays an important role in mitigating CO2emissions for climate change. Understanding interactions of the injected CO2with network fractures and hydrocarbons is key for optimizing and controlling CO2geological sequestration and evaluating its risks to ground water. However, there is a well‐known, difficult process in simulating the dynamic interaction of fracture‐matrix, such as dynamic change of matrix porosity, unsaturated processes in rock matrix, and effect of rock mineral properties. In this paper, we develop an explicit model of the fracture‐matrix interactions using multilayer bounce‐back treatment as a first attempt to simulate CO2reactive transport in network fractured media through coupling the Dardis's LBM porous model for a new interface treatment. Two kinds of typical fracture networks in porous media are simulated: straight cross network fractures and interleaving network fractures. The reaction rate and porosity distribution are illustrated and well‐matched patterns are found. The species concentration distribution and evolution with time steps are also analyzed and compared with different transport properties. The results demonstrate the capability of this model to investigate the complex processes of CO2geological injection and reactive transport in network fractured media, such as dynamic change of matrix porosity.
Conducting Polymer Microcups for Organic Bioelectronics and Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Antensteiner Martin , Khorrami Milad , Fallahianbijan Fatemeh , Borhan Ali , Abidian Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn ideal neural device enables long‐term, sensitive, and selective communication with the nervous system. To accomplish this task, the material interface should mimic the biophysical and the biochemical properties of neural tissue. By contrast, microfabricated neural probes utilize hard metallic conductors, which hinder their long‐term performance because these materials are not intrinsically similar to soft neural tissue. This study reports a method for the fabrication of monodisperse conducting polymer microcups. It is demonstrated that the physical surface properties of conducting polymer microcups can be precisely modulated to control electrical properties and drug‐loading/release characteristics.
Capturing “Extraordinary” Soft‐Assembled Charge‐Like Polypeptides as a Strategy for Nanocarrier Design
Authors: Duro‐Castano Aroa , Nebot Vicent J. , Niño‐Pariente Amaya , Armiñán Ana , Arroyo‐Crespo Juan J. , Paul Alison , Feiner‐Gracia Natalia , Albertazzi Lorenzo , Vicent María J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe rational design of nanomedicines is a challenging task given the complex architectures required for the construction of nanosized carriers with embedded therapeutic properties and the complex interface of these materials with the biological environment. Herein, an unexpected charge‐like attraction mechanism of self‐assembly for star‐shaped polyglutamates in nonsalty aqueous solutions is identified, which matches the ubiquitous “ordinary–extraordinary” phenomenon previously described by physicists. For the first time, a bottom‐up methodology for the stabilization of these nanosized soft‐assembled star‐shaped polyglutamates is also described, enabling the translation of theoretical research into nanomaterials with applicability within the drug‐delivery field. Covalent capture of these labile assemblies provides access to unprecedented architectures to be used as nanocarriers. The enhanced in vitro and in vivo properties of these novel nanoconstructs as drug‐delivery systems highlight the potential of this approach for tumor‐localized as well as lymphotropic delivery.
Manipulation of the Photonic Spin Hall Effect with High Efficiency in Gold‐Nanorod‐Based Metasurfaces
Authors: Li Zhancheng , Liu Wenwei , Cheng Hua , Chen Shuqi , Tian Jianguo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) has attracted great interest of the scientific community because of the wide range of spin‐controlled nanophotonics applications that it can provide. However, the PSHE is very weak in the reflection and refraction at an interface because of the extremely small spin–orbit interaction. Here, a significant photonic spin Hall effect is reported exhibiting over 70% efficiency in refraction by a gold‐nanorod‐based metasurface. Moreover, the spin‐dependent wave‐vector and beam‐centroid shifts of the converted refracted waves can be manipulated effectively by changing the periodic length of the proposed metasurface and the transmission distance, respectively. The results suggest intriguing possibilities for manipulating photon spins and orbital angular momentum for applications in nanophotonics and optical communications.
Measurements of Ambipolar Seebeck Coefficients in High‐Mobility Diketopyrrolopyrrole Donor–Acceptor Copolymers
Authors: Broch Katharina , Venkateshvaran Deepak , Lemaur Vincent , Olivier Yoann , Beljonne David , Zelazny Mateusz , Nasrallah Iyad , Harkin David J. , Statz Martin , Pietro Riccardo Di , Kronemeijer Auke Jisk , Sirringhaus Henning 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Seebeck coefficient of both electrons and holes in a family of ambipolar diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymers is investigated using field‐effect gated measurements. It is found that at high carrier concentrations the magnitude of the Seebeck coefficients is not strongly dependent on the molecular structure of the backbone within this family of polymers. Additionally, the Seebeck coefficients of electrons and holes have very similar magnitudes showing that electrons and holes experience a similar energetic landscape. Subtle differences in the carrier concentration dependence between the polymers are observed, which are interpreted in terms of different degrees of energetic disorder on the basis of molecular dynamics and electronic structure simulations.
Para‐Selective C−H Thioetherification
Authors: Hsu Wei‐Chieh , Li Chao‐En , Lee Chin‐Fa 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe report the synthesis of thioether with high regioselectivity. The reaction proceeds through regioselective bromination followed by a copper/oxalic diamide‐catalyzed C−S bond cross‐coupling reaction. Functional groups, such as fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, nitro, unprotected amine and pyridine, are tolerated by the reaction conditions.
Numerical study of smart honeycomb core using shape memory polymers
Authors: Tao Ran , Yang Qing‐Sheng , Zhang Xue‐Jiao , Liu Xia , He Xiao‐Qiao , Liew Kim‐Meow 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTShape memory polymers (SMPs) attract widespread attention because they are able to maintain a temporary deformation after unloading and recover the initial shape under high temperature conditions. Based on a three‐dimensionally constitutive equation of SMPs, a finite element program is followed by compiling user‐defined material subroutine, which describes the shape memory behavior of thermo‐mechanical experiment. A honeycomb core using SMP is designed, which has the ability to recover the initial shape after deformation and be used as a smart core for sandwich structures. To prove their advantages in the engineering application, a series of thermodynamic behaviors of the SMP honeycomb core are simulated, including loading at high temperature, cooling, unloading at the low temperature, and recovering original shape on heating. Shape memory behaviors of tensile, compressive, bending, and locally sunken deformations are demonstrated and the effect of time and temperature on the recovery process is discussed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45672.
Optimized synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of an alginate–cupric oxide bionanocomposite
Authors: Safaei Mohsen , Taran Mojtaba 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIn this research, the structural features and optimal conditions for the synthesis of an alginate–CuO nanocomposite with the highest antibacterial activity were investigated. CuO nanoparticles (NPs) and the alginate biopolymer were synthesized chemically and biologically, respectively. Nine nanocomposite compounds were produced on the basis of the Taguchi method with different levels of CuO NPs and the alginate biopolymer nanocomposite with different stirring times. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high‐resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of the nanocomposites. The nanocomposite synthesized with 8 mg/mL copper oxide NPs and 2 mg/mL alginate biopolymer with 60 min of stirring time showed the highest antibacterial activity. The results of two colony forming units and disk‐diffusion methods indicated a stronger antibacterial activity of the alginate–CuO nanocomposite compared with those of its components. The alginate–CuO nanocomposite showed the potential ability to act as an antimicrobial agent against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45682.
Cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: inequities in access exist despite improved survival
Authors: Patel Manish I. , Beattie Kieran , Bang Albert , Gurney Howard , Smith David P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe use of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CRN) in the targeted therapy era is still debated. We aimed to determine factors associated with reduced use of CRN and determine the effect of CRN on overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). All advanced RCC diagnosed between 2001 and 2009 in New South Wales, Australia, were identified from the Central Cancer Registry. Records of treatment and death were electronically linked. Follow‐up was to the end of 2011. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with the receipt of CRN. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine factors associated with survival. A total of 1062 patients were identified with metastatic RCC of whom 289 (27%) received CRN. There was no difference in the use of CRN over the time period of the study. Females (OR 0.68 (95% CI: 0.48–0.96)), unmarried individuals (OR 0.68 (95% CI: 0.48–0.96)), treatment in a nonteaching hospital (OR 0.26 (95% CI: 0.18–0.36)) and individuals without private insurance (OR 0.29 (95% CI: 0.20–0.41)) all had reduced likelihood of receiving CRN. On multivariable analysis, not receiving CRN resulted in a 90% increase in death (HR 1.90 (95% CI: 1.61–2.25)). In addition, increasing age (P < 0.001), increasing Charlson comorbidity status (P = 0.002) and female gender also had a significant independent association with death. Despite a strong association with improved survival, individuals who are elderly, female, have treatment in a nonteaching facility or have no private insurance have a reduced likelihood of receiving CRN.
Digital PCR analysis of circulating tumor DNA: a biomarker for chondrosarcoma diagnosis, prognostication, and residual disease detection
Authors: Gutteridge Alice , Rathbone Victoria M. , Gibbons Rebecca , Bi Mark , Archard Nicholas , Davies Kate E. J. , Brown Jake , Plagnol Vincent , Pillay Nischalan , Amary Fernanda , O'Donnell Paul , Gupta Manu , Tirabosco Roberto , Flanagan Adrienne M. , Forshew Tim 
Published: August 2017

AbstractConventional chondrosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in adults. Prognosis corresponds with tumor grade but remains variable, especially for individuals with grade (G) II disease. There are currently no biomarkers available for monitoring or prognostication of chondrosarcoma. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has recently emerged as a promising biomarker for a broad range of tumor types. To date, little has been done to study the presence of ctDNA and its potential utility in the management of sarcomas, including chondrosarcoma. In this study, we have assessed ctDNA levels in a cohort of 71 patients, 32 with sarcoma, including 29 individuals with central chondrosarcoma (CS) and 39 with locally aggressive and benign bone and soft tissue tumors, using digital PCR. In patients with CS, ctDNA was detected in pretreatment samples in 14/29 patients, which showed clear correlation with tumor grade as demonstrated by the detection of ctDNA in all patients with GIII and dedifferentiated disease (n = 6) and in 8/17 patients with GII disease, but never associated with GI CS. Notably detection of ctDNA preoperatively in GII disease was associated with a poor outcome. A total of 14 patients with CS had ctDNA levels assessed at multiple time points and in most patients there was a clear reduction following surgical removal. This research lays the foundation for larger studies to assess the utility of ctDNA for chondrosarcoma diagnosis, prognostication, early detection of residual disease and monitoring disease progression.
Precisely Controlled Polymerization of Styrene and Conjugated Dienes by Group 3 Single‐Site Catalysts
Authors: Huang Jianming , Liu Zhaohe , Cui Dongmei , Liu Xinli 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis Review aims at a comprehensive overview on the recent stereospecific control polymerizations by group 3 metal complexes based catalytic systems in combination with aluminum alkyls and organoborates etc. co‐catalysts. The involved monomers include styrene and substituted styrenes, and the conjugated dienes like isoprene and butadiene, and their derivatives. The syndio‐ and iso‐selective polymerizations of styrene, unmasked polar styrenes and the copolymerizations of styrene with conjugated dienes and polar styrenes are summarized. The factors of influencing the catalytic activity and selectivity are discussed. The regio‐ and stereo‐ selective polymerizations of conjugated dienes, polar diene derivatives and their copolymerizations are reviewed. The relationship between catalyst structure and polymerization activity, the mechanism of stereo‐selective polymerization and the influence of different cocatalysts are discussed.
Efficient and Reusable Metal–Organic Framework Catalysts for Carboxylative Cyclization of Propargylamines with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Zhao Dan , Liu Xiao‐Hui , Zhu Chendan , Kang Yan‐Shang , Wang Peng , Shi Zhuangzhi , Lu Yi , Sun Wei‐Yin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) capture and transformation are important for decreasing the concentration of atmospheric CO2. To effectively capture CO2 and further fix it into valuable chemical products, functionalized dynamic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been utilized not only because of their inherent cavity for accommodating CO2 but also owing to their reversible structural transformations in response to external stimuli for regulating the reaction. Herein, we report a dynamic and functional MOF [Cd3(L)2(BDC)3]2⋅16 DMF (MOF‐1 a; DMF=N,N‐dimethylformamide) achieved by reaction of the amino tripodal imidazole ligand N1‐(4‐(1 H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)benzyl)‐N1‐ (2‐aminoethyl)ethane‐1,2‐diamine (L) and 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2BDC) with cadmium salt. MOF‐1 a not only shows unprecedented high catalytic activity [initial turnover number (TON) up to 9300] and broad substrate scope for the carboxylative cyclization of propargylamines with CO2, but also can be switched on and off upon reversible structural transformation owing to its dynamic five‐fold interpenetrating structure. Further studies demonstrate that MOF‐1 a shows selective catalytic properties depending on the size of substrates, similarly to sophisticated biological systems.
Performance of MOF‐Derived Spinel Type NixCo3‐xO4‐y Nanocages in Efficient Methanol Electro‐Oxidation
Authors: Antony Rajini P. , Satpati Ashis K. , Jagatap Bhagawantrao N. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe present study reports electrocatalytic activity towards methanol oxidation of mesoporous NixCo3‐xO4‐y fabricated through a metal‐organic framework (MOF) template route. MOF‐derived NixCo3‐xO4‐y nanocages exhibit a methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) current of approximately 200 Ag−1 at 0.55 V versus Hg‐HgO, which is around 12 times higher than that from Co3O4. Improved activity for the catalyst is ascribed to its higher number of catalytic active sites and non‐stoichiometry in the composition. The improved charge‐transfer kinetics for the MOR is evident from the electrochemical impedance measurements, where a lower charge‐transfer resistance is observed for NixCo3‐xO4‐y nanocages and the trend is consistent with the MOR results. The potential‐dependent impedance measurements suggest that direct electrochemical MOR is facilitated through a surface intermediate, where the surface intermediates (CH3OH or CO) are adsorbed on low coordinated Ni and Co sites, respectively.
Catalytic Carbon–Carbon Bond‐Forming Reactions of Weakly Acidic Carbon Pronucleophiles Using Strong Brønsted Bases as Catalysts
Authors: Yamashita Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCatalytic carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions of weakly acidic carbon pronucleophiles with N‐aryl imines, α,β‐unsaturated amides, and others under proton‐transfer conditions were developed by designing strongly basic reaction intermediates known as product bases. The reactions proceed smoothly in the presence of a catalytic amount of strong base such as KH or alkaline metal amides. Modification of the metal cations by using chiral macrocyclic crown ethers allowed catalytic asymmetric 1,4‐addition reactions to proceed with high enantioselectivities. This concept can be applied to Brønsted‐base‐catalyzed reactions of a wide range of weakly acidic carbon pronucleophiles.
Combining Two Methods of Sequence Definition in a Convergent Approach: Scalable Synthesis of Highly Defined and Multifunctionalized Macromolecules
Authors: Solleder Susanne C. , Martens Steven , Espeel Pieter , Du Prez Filip , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe straightforward convergent synthesis of sequence‐defined and multifunctionalized macromolecules is described herein. The first combination of two efficient approaches for the synthesis of sequence‐defined macromolecules is reported: thiolactone chemistry and the Passerini three‐component reaction (P‐3CR). The thiolactone moiety was used as protecting group for the thiol, allowing the synthesis of a library of sequence‐defined α,ω‐functionalized building blocks. These building blocks were subsequently efficiently coupled to oligomers with carboxylic acid functionalities in a P‐3CR. Thus, larger oligomers with molecular weights of up to 4629.73 g mol−1 were obtained in gram quantities in a convergent approach along with the introduction of independently selectable side chains (up to 15), thus clearly demonstrating the high versatility and the efficiency of the reported approach.