bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of malpractice litigation related to the management of brain aneurysms
Authors: Gupta Raghav , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Moore Justin M. , Adeeb Nimer , Patel Apar S. , Ogilvy Christopher S. , Thomas Ajith J. 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVEGiven the highly complex and demanding clinical environment in which neurosurgeons operate, the probability of facing a medical malpractice claim is high. Recent emphasis on tort reform within the political sphere has brought this issue to the forefront of medical literature. Despite the widespread fear of litigation in the medical community, few studies have provided an analysis of malpractice litigation in the field. Here, the authors attempt to delineate the medicolegal factors that impel plaintiffs to file medical malpractice claims related to the management of brain aneurysms, and to better characterize the nature of these lawsuits.METHODSThe online legal database WestLawNext was searched to find all medical malpractice cases related to brain aneurysms across a 30-year period. All state and federal jury verdicts and settlements relevant to the search criterion were considered.RESULTSSixty-six cases were obtained. The average age of the patient was 46.7 years. Seventy-one percent were female. The cases were distributed across 16 states. The jury found in favor of the plaintiff in 40.9% of cases, with a mean payout of $8,765,405, and in favor of the defendant in 28.8% of the cases. A failure to diagnose and/or a failure to treat in a timely manner were the 2 most commonly alleged causes of malpractice. Settlements, which were reached in 25.8% of the cases, had a mean payout of $1,818,250. Neurosurgeons accounted for 6.7% of all defendants.CONCLUSIONSUnlike other medical specialties, a majority of the verdicts were not in the defendant's favor. The mean payouts were nearly 5-fold less in cases in which a settlement was reached, as opposed to a summary judgment. Neurosurgeons accounted for a small percentage of all codefendants.
Contribution of the straightening effect of the parent artery to decreased recanalization in stent-assisted coiling of large aneurysms
Authors: Ishii Akira , Chihara Hideo , Kikuchi Takayuki , Arai Daisuke , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVEThe durability of embolization of large aneurysms is enhanced by use of the neck-bridging stent. However, it remains unclear what factors contribute to decreased recanalization. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the contribution of the straightening effect of the parent artery to the durability of stent-assisted coiling for large aneurysms.METHODSOf the 182 aneurysms treated by embolization since the introduction of the neurovascular stent, 82 consecutive unruptured aneurysms with a diameter greater than 7 mm were selected. There were 52 aneurysms treated with a stent (Group S) and 30 treated without a stent (Group NS). Occlusion status was evaluated 12 months after embolization with digital subtraction angiography. The vascular angle of the parent artery was measured before, immediately after, and 12 months after embolization. The rates of recanalization were compared between Group S and Group NS. In Group S, the rates of recanalization were further compared between those aneurysms with and without a significant angle change.RESULTSThe rate of major recanalization was 9.6% in Group S and 26.7% in Group NS. The volume embolization ratio was 32.6% in Group S and 31.6% in Group NS, with no statistically significant difference. However, the angulation change before and after coiling was significantly higher in Group S (10.6°) than in Group NS (0.9°). The difference in the angulation was more evident 12 months after coiling (19.1° in Group S and 1.5° in Group NS). In Group S, recanalization was found in 14.3% of 35 stented aneurysms without a significant angular change when a significant angular change was defined as more than 20°. In contrast, all 17 aneurysms with ≥ 20° of angular change remained occluded.CONCLUSIONSSignificant angular change of ≥ 20° most likely leads to decreased recanalization following stent-assisted embolization of large aneurysms.
Development of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) approach for lumbar spinal fusion
Authors: Wang Michael Y. , Chang Peng-Yuan , Grossman Jay 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE
Over the past decade, Enhancing Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs have been implemented throughout the world across multiple surgical disciplines. However, to date no spinal surgery equivalent has been described. In this report the authors review the development and implementation of a “fast track” surgical approach for lumbar fusion.

METHODS
The first 42 consecutive cases in which patients were treated with the new surgical procedure were reviewed. A combination of endoscopic decompression, expandable cage deployment, and percutaneous screw placement were performed with liposomal bupivacaine anesthesia to allow the surgery to be performed without general endotracheal anesthesia.

RESULTS
In all cases the surgical procedure was performed successfully without conversion to an open operation. The patients' mean age (± SD) was 66.1 ± 11.7 years, the male/female ratio was 20:22, and a total of 47 levels were treated. The mean operative time was 94.6 ± 22.4 minutes, the mean intraoperative blood loss was 66 ± 30 ml, and the mean hospital length of stay was 1.29 ± 0.9 nights. Early follow-up showed a significant improvement in the mean Oswestry Disability Index score (from 40 ± 13 to 17 ± 11, p = 0.0001). Return to the operating room was required in 2 cases due to infection and in 1 case due to cage displacement. An iterative quality improvement program demonstrated areas of improvement, including steps to minimize infection, improve postoperative analgesia, and reduce cage osteolysis.

CONCLUSIONS
ERAS programs for improving spinal fusion surgery are possible and necessary. This report demonstrates a first foray to apply these principles through 1) a patient-focused approach, 2) reducing the stress of the operation, and 3) an iterative improvement process.
SCNT Method and the Application for Patent Eligibility on Cloned Animals
Authors: Swazo Norman K. 
Published: December 2016

Patents recognize economic right and are important for both individual and social economic benefit. Nonetheless, mere economic right does not eliminate the requirement for moral assessment when adjudicating intellectual property claims, especially in the case of claims associated with applications of biomedical technology [e.g., somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) methods]. This is so for applications for patent in the case of live-born animal clones, as governed in the setting of the judicial system of the USA. Here recent federal court decisions in the USA are reviewed, and the ethical ambiguities of this judicial review are engaged in light of the current prohibitions on human reproductive cloning. It is concluded that the legal proscription of patents on animal clones bodes well for human accountability to present and future generations in the event of human reproductive cloning.
Neutron spectroscopy and strongly correlated electrons: a view from the inside
Authors: Alekseev P A 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Neutron spectroscopy results concerning the characteristic features of electronic states in strongly correlated electron systems are reviewed. It is shown that the effects of crystal electric field, exchange interaction, and local-itinerant electron hybridization, separately or in combination, manifest themselves in the spectral features of magnetic neutron scattering. The review discusses information that can be obtained from these spectra to be used to investigate the nature of heavy-fermion, intermediate-valence, and a number of other nontrivial types of ground states occurring in this class of systems. Problems interpreting experimental results are pointed out, suggesting the need for the development of the existing models.
Application of dynamic mass spectrometers for investigations in the field of thermonuclear synthesis
Authors: Aruev N N 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This review discusses the design, analytical characteristics, and some applications of two types of dynamic mass spectrometers that have been developed at the Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences: the magnetic resonance mass spectrometer (MRMS) and time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS), the latter of which the inventors named the mass reflectron. With the aid of an MRMS, it was possible to measure the half-life of tritium, which is a fusion fuel candidate, and to start investigating how deuterium plasma interacts with the structural materials of the spherical tokamak Globus-M. The research done shows that mass reflectrons can be used successfully in the analysis of tritium-containing fusion fuel gas mixtures.
Association of Pre-Transplant Dialysis Modality and Post-Transplant Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Joachim Emily , Gardezi Ali I. , Chan Micah R. , Shin Jung-Im , Astor Brad C. , Waheed Sana 
Published: December 2016

Background It remains unclear whether post-transplant outcomes differ according to the pre-transplant dialysis modality (peritoneal dialysis [PD] versus hemodialysis [HD]). We performed a meta-analysis of studies that assessed either post-transplant mortality, graft survival, or delayed graft function (DGF) in both PD and HD patients. Methods Two independent authors searched English-language literature from January 1, 1980, through August 31, 2014, national conference proceedings, and reference lists. We used combinations of terms related to dialysis (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or renal replacement therapy), kidney transplant, and outcomes. Studies were included if they measured any of the 3 post-transplant study outcomes in both pre-transplant HD and PD. Results A total of 16 studies were included in the final analysis. Of these, 6 studies reported adjusted hazard ratio for mortality, pooled adjusted risk ratio: 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82 – 0.97) in favor of PD ( p = 0.006). The same 6 studies reported adjusted hazard ratio for graft survival, pooled adjusted risk ratio: 0.97 (95% CI 0.92 – 1.01, p = 0.16). A total of 13 studies reported unadjusted DGF. Pooled odds ratio: 0.5 (95% CI 0.41 – 0.63) in favor of PD ( p < 0.005). Significant heterogeneity observed for all outcomes: I2 = 72.7%, I2 = 59.9%, and I2 = 66.8%, respectively. Conclusions Based on these results, pre-transplant PD is associated with better post-transplant survival than HD. Pre-transplant PD was also associated with decreased risk for DGF compared with HD, although these results were unadjusted. There was no significant difference in graft survival between pre-transplant HD and PD. These results suggest that PD may be the preferred dialysis modality for patients expected to receive a transplant.
Early and Late Patient Outcomes in Urgent-Start Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: See Emily J. , Cho Yeoungjee , Hawley Carmel M. , Jaffrey Lauren R. , Johnson David W. 
Published: December 2016

Background Significant interest in the practice of urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (PD) is mounting internationally, with several observational studies supporting the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of this approach. However, little is known about the early complication rates and long-term technique and peritonitis-free survival for patients who start PD urgently (i.e. within 2 weeks of catheter insertion), compared to those with a conventional start. Methods This single-center, matched case-control study evaluated patients commencing PD between 2010 and 2015. Urgent-start PD patients were matched 1:3 with conventional-start PD controls based on diabetic status and age. The primary outcomes were early complications, both following catheter insertion and PD commencement (within 4 weeks). Secondary outcomes included technique and peritonitis-free survival. Results A total of 104 patients (26 urgent-start, 78 conventional-start) were included. Urgent-start patients were more likely to be referred late, initiate PD in hospital, and be prescribed lower initial exchange volumes ( p < 0.01). They experienced more frequent leaks post-catheter insertion (12% vs 1%, p = 0.047) and more frequent catheter migration following commencement of PD (12% vs 1%, p = 0.047). There were no significant differences in the rates of overall or infectious complications. Kaplan-Meier estimates of technique survival and time to first episode of peritonitis were comparable between the groups. Conclusion Compared with conventional-start PD, urgent-start PD has acceptably low early complication rates and similar long-term technique survival. Urgent-start PD appears to be a safe way to initiate urgent renal replacement therapy in patients without established dialysis access.
Que savons-nous exactement du kaunakès mésopotamien ?
Authors: Breniquet Catherine 
Published: December 2016

Depuis la découverte des Sumériens à Tello (Irak) en 1877, et les débats scientifiques suscités par leurs représentations, les archéologues orientalistes ont pris l’habitude d’appeler « kaunakès » un de leurs vêtements qui apparaît dans sa version minimale comme une sorte de jupe recouverte de mèches. Toison d’animal pour certains, étoffe pour d’autres, on ne s’est jamais vraiment accordé sur la véritable nature de cette pièce vestimentaire déclinée en jupe, robe, voile et même couverture, faute de découverte archéologique non équivoque. On propose ici de rouvrir le débat sur le « kaunakès » en abordant plusieurs points complémentaires : L’historiographie critique de la question, largement dominée par la joute scientifique qui a opposé Léon Heuzey, conservateur au Musée du Louvre à Paris, à Emile Cherblanc, Conservateur au Musée d’Art Industriel et Régional de Tarare, et leurs divergences de lecture des Guêpes d’Aristophane qui contiendraient les clés de l’interprétation, en dépit de l’anachronisme engendré par la date très tardive de cet opus. Un manteau appelé « kaunakès » y est décrit. Les sources, entendues comme les documents d’époque, dont on dispose réellement pour documenter le sujet dans le cadre chronologique de la période « sumérienne » (soit les périodes pré- et protodynastique de Mésopotamie, ca. 3700-2340 av. J.-C.) : archéologie, textes, iconographie, etc. Les méthodes, notamment comparatives, qu’on peut espérer développer, en déplaçant le débat en direction de l’archéologie du textile. Un bilan sur les matériaux et techniques attestés en Mésopotamie dans la première moitié du III e millénaire avant J.-C., afin de réactualiser le débat et de discuter les différentes hypothèses possibles pour rendre compte d’observations archéologiques et iconographiques recontextualisées. Les éventuelles survivances ou adaptations de ce vêtement à basse époque.
Quand l’archéologie de la vallée du Nil dialogue avec le reste de l’Afrique
Authors: Honoré Emmanuelle , Garcea Elena A. A. 
Published: December 2016

Dans cette contribution introductive au cahier thématique sur l’archéologie et l’art de la vallée du Nil à l’Holocène ancien, les auteurs questionnent les frontières disciplinaires actuelles entre « archéologie africaniste » et « archéologie de la vallée du Nil », et, au-delà, entre ces derniers et « égyptologie/soudanologie ». Les trois articles présentés ici ouvrent de nouvelles voies pour un dialogue entre africanistes et nilotistes sur une région restée jusqu’à présent sous-représentée dans la revue Afrique : Archéologie & Arts.
Sociétés et rites funéraires : le Nil moyen (Soudan) du Néolithique à l’Islamisation
Authors: Gallay Alain 
Published: December 2016

Cet article teste la pertinence d’une approche intégrant ethnohistoire et archéologie, dans un cadre ethnoarchéologique et linguistique régional en suivant une démonstration de type logiciste. Il aborde la préhistoire récente et l’histoire préislamique du Soudan depuis le Néolithique et vise à donner une vue renouvelée du développement des civilisations du bassin du Nil moyen et du Kordofan dans le domaine des rites funéraires. Il présente une perspective anthropologique africaniste afin de compléter la vision égyptologique qui domine aujourd’hui l’archéologie de cette région. La démonstration se construit sur trois niveaux successifs : une démarche ethnographique actualiste référée aux contextes linguistiques, une collecte des données paradigmatiques archéologiques et ethnohistoriques, et une vision anthropologique qui définit la structure dynamique du phénomène. Deux ensembles se dessinent, l’un, néolithique, compréhensible dans le cadre de la dynamique du phylum afrasien, l’autre, à l’origine des sociétés pré-étatiques et étatiques (Kerma, Napata, Méroé), qui s’intègre dans la dynamique du phylum nilo-saharien. Quelques propositions générales sur l’évolution des sociétés sont exprimées.
Is there still room for novelty, in histochemical papers?
Authors: Pellicciari Carlo 
Published: December 2016

Histochemistry continues to be widely applied in biomedical research, being nowadays mostly addressed to detect and locate single molecules or molecular complexes inside cells and tissues, and to relate structural organization and function at the high resolution of the more advanced microscopical techniques. In the attempt to see whether histochemical novelties may be found in the recent literature, the articles published in the European Journal of Histochemistry in the period 2014-2016 have been reviewed. In the majority of the published papers, standardized methods have been preferred by scientists to make their results reliably comparable with the data in the literature, butÂ many papers (approximately one fourth of the published articles) described novel histochemical methods and procedures.Â It is worth noting that there is a growing interest for minimally-invasive in vivo techniques (magnetic resonance imaging, autofluorescence spectroscopy) which may parallel conventionalÂ histochemical analyses to obtain information not only on the morphological features of living organs and tissues, but also on their functional, biophysical and molecular characteristics. Thanks to this unceasing methodological refinement, histochemistry will continue to provide innovative applications in the biomedical field.
Hydrochemical determination of source water contributions to Lake Lungo and Lake Ripasottile (central Italy)
Authors: Archer Claire , Noble Paula , Kreamer David , Piscopo Vincenzo , Petitta Marco , Rosen Michael R. , Poulson Simon R. , Piovesan Gianluca , Mensing Scott 
Published: December 2016

<p>Lake Lungo and Lake Ripasottile are two shallow (4-5 m) lakes located in the Rieti Basin, central Italy, that have been described previously as surface outcroppings of the groundwater table. In this work, the two lakes as well as springs and rivers that represent their potential source waters are characterized physio-chemically and isotopically, using a combination of environmental tracers. Temperature and pH were measured and water samples were analyzed for alkalinity, major ion concentration, and stable isotope (δ<sup>2</sup>H, δ<sup>18</sup>O, δ<sup>13</sup>C of dissolved inorganic carbon, and δ<sup>34</sup>S and δ<sup>18</sup>O of sulfate) composition. Chemical data were also investigated in terms of local meteorological data (air temperature, precipitation) to determine the sensitivity of lake parameters to changes in the surrounding environment. Groundwater represented by samples taken from Santa Susanna Spring was shown to be distinct with SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2- </sup>and Mg<sup>2+ </sup>content of 270 and 29 mg/L, respectively, and heavy sulfate isotopic composition (δ<sup>34</sup>S=15.2 ‰ and δ<sup>18</sup>O=10‰). Outflow from the Santa Susanna Spring enters Lake Ripasottile <em>via</em> a canal and both spring and lake water exhibits the same chemical distinctions and comparatively low seasonal variability. Major ion concentrations in Lake Lungo are similar to the Vicenna Riara Spring and are interpreted to represent the groundwater locally recharged within the plain. The δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> exhibit the same groupings as the other chemical parameters, providing supporting evidence of the source relationships. Lake Lungo exhibited exceptional ranges of δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC </sub>(±5 ‰) and δ<sup>2</sup>H, δ<sup>18</sup>O (±5 ‰ and ±7 ‰, respectively), attributed to sensitivity to seasonal changes. The hydrochemistry results, particularly major ion data, highlight how the two lakes, though geographically and morphologically similar, represent distinct hydrochemical facies. These data also show a different response in each lake to temperature and precipitation patterns in the basin that may be attributed to lake water retention time. The sensitivity of each lake to meteorological patterns can be used to understand the potential effects from long-term climate variability.</p>
Integrated studies of a regional ozone pollution synthetically affected by subtropical high and typhoon system in the Yangtze River Delta region, China
Authors: Shu Lei , Xie Min , Wang Tijian , Gao Da , Chen Pulong , Han Yong , Li Shu , Zhuang Bingliang , Li Mengmeng 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Severe high ozone (O3) episodes usually have close relations to synoptic systems. A regional continuous O3 pollution episode was detected over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in China during 7–12 August 2013, in which the O3 concentrations in more than half of the cities exceeded the national air quality standard. The maximum hourly concentration of O3 reached 167.1 ppb. By means of the observational analysis and the numerical simulation, the characteristics and the essential impact factors of the typical regional O3 pollution are comprehensively investigated. The observational analysis shows that the atmospheric subsidence dominated by the western Pacific subtropical high plays a crucial role in the formation of high-level O3. The favorable weather conditions, such as extremely high temperature, low relative humidity and weak wind speed, caused by the abnormally strong subtropical high are responsible for the trapping and the chemical production of O3 in the boundary layer. In addition, when the YRD cities are at the front of Typhoon Utor, the periphery circulation of typhoon system can enhance the downward airflows and cause worse air quality. However, when the typhoon system weakens the subtropical high, the prevailing southeasterly surface wind leads to the mitigation of the O3 pollution. The integrated process rate (IPR) analysis incorporated in the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is applied to further illustrate the combined influence of subtropical high and typhoon system in this O3 episode. The results show that the vertical diffusion (VDIF) and the gas-phase chemistry (CHEM) are two major contributors to O3 formation. During the episode, the contributions of VDIF and CHEM to O3 maintain the high values over the YRD region. On 10–12 August, the cities close to the sea are apparently affected by the typhoon system, with the contribution of VDIF increasing to 28.45 ppb h−1 in Shanghai and 19.76 ppb h−1 in Hangzhou. In contrast, the cities far away from the sea can hardly be affected by the periphery circulation of typhoon system. When the typhoon system significantly weakens the subtropical high, the contribution values of all individual processes decrease to a low level in all YRD cities. These results provide an insight for the O3 pollution synthetically impacted by the western Pacific subtropical high and the tropical cyclone system.