bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asian American Diversity and Representation in the Health Care Workforce, 2007 to 2022
Authors: Ko Michelle , Dinh Kevin , Iv Sarah , Hahn Monica 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceAsian American individuals comprise over 40 ethnoracial groups but are regularly aggregated into 1 category within health workforce analysis, thus obscuring substantial inequities in representation.ObjectivesTo describe trends in Asian American diversity across the 4 most populous US health professions (physicians, registered nurses, nursing assistants, and home health aides) and to characterize subgroup representation within professions.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsSerial cross-sectional study from American Community Survey (ACS) population estimates of people reporting health profession occupations from 2007 to 2022. The ACS samples US residents every day, with approximately 3.5 million surveyed each year. Based on their sampling methods, the ACS then produces estimates of the entire US population for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year periods. Data were analyzed from April to August 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFor each year and subgroup, the proportions of the US population, the profession, and Asian American individuals within the profession were calculated. The representation quotient (RQ) of each subgroup was then calculated, defined as the proportion of the subgroup within the profession of interest divided by the proportion of the subgroup within the US population. Trends were examined over the 15-year period.ResultsOver the 15-year period, Indian Americans composed the largest percentage of Asian American physicians (mean [SD], 40.6% [1.6%]), followed by Chinese Americans (mean [SD], 18.9% [1.4%]). Pakistani and Indian Americans had the highest relative representation (mean [SD] RQ, 8.9 [0.9] and 7.8 [0.9], respectively). Conversely, Cambodian and Hmong Americans remained largely underrepresented (mean [SD] RQ, 0.2 [0.2] for both). Filipinx Americans accounted for more than half of Asian American registered nurses and nursing assistants, with high relative representation (mean [SD] RQ, 5.6 (0.3) and 2.9 [0.4], respectively). Bangladeshi and Chinese American relative representation were high among home health aides (mean [SD] RQ, 4.1 [1.5] and 2.7 [0.5], respectively). Asian American individuals accounted for an estimated 22% of physicians (approximately 260 693 respondents), 10% of registered nurses (approximately 420 418 respondents), 4.8% of nursing assistants (approximately 93 913 respondents), and 8.3% of home health aides (approximately 60 968 respondents) in 2022.Conclusions and RelevanceBy examining disaggregated data, this study found persistent inequities among Asian American subgroups in the health workforce. Reducing Asian American populations to a single racialized group erases subgroup differences rooted in histories of racism, colonialism, and xenophobia; enables false narratives of Asian American overrepresentation and success; and hampers progress in advancing health justice.
Novel FRET‐Based Biosensors for Real‐Time Monitoring of Estrogen Receptor Dimerization and Translocation Dynamics in Living Cells
Authors: Han Kiseok , Suh Jung‐Soo , Choi Gyuho , Jang Yoon‐Kwan , Ahn Sanghyun , Lee Yerim , Kim Tae‐Jin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEstrogen receptors (ERs), comprising ER α and ER β, are crucial for regulating cell growth and differentiation via homo‐ and hetero‐dimer formation. However, accurately detecting ER dimerization with precise spatiotemporal resolution remains a significant challenge. In this study, fluorescence resonance energy transfer‐based biosensors to monitor ER dynamics in real‐time, are developed and optimized. This approach involves comprehensive structural analysis, linker comparison, and the selection of optimal fluorescent protein pairs, resulting in three distinct biosensors capable of detecting all ER homo‐ and hetero‐dimerizations within the nucleus. These biosensors are utilized to reveal interactions between ER α/β and calmodulin during dimer formation. Furthermore, by leveraging the ligand‐binding domain (LBD) of ER β, ER ββ LBD biosensor is designed for real‐time analysis of ER ββ homodimerization in the cytoplasm, enhancing the ability to screen ER dimerization‐related drugs. Additionally, we developed a novel ER ββ translocation biosensor, which enables real‐time observation of ER ββ translocation to the nucleus—a capability previously unavailable, is developed. This spatiotemporal analysis demonstrates the relevance of ER translocation in response to drug binding efficacy and extracellular matrix changes. Our biosensors offer transformative tools for studying ER dynamics, providing valuable insights for drug screening and the investigation of ER‐related cellular processes.
Site‐Selective Acylation of Vinylcyclopropanes under Visible‐Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Jagadeesh Chenna , Patel Manveer , Hazra Subhadeep , Mondal Sandipan , Melkani Anand B. , Saha Jaideep 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe herein disclose a protocol for linear‐selective ring‐opening acylation of a range of electron‐poor VCPs with α‐ketoacids by Ir‐photocatalyst. While electron‐poor VCPs could be sensitized with various radical species generated under different reaction conditions including photo‐redox processes, exploring similar repertoire with acyl radical remains unexplored. Since the linear selective ring opening leads to translocation of the vinylic olefin into an internal one, terminal addition of VCP systems with electronically diverse groups present at the terminus, permitting formation of tailored of building blocks.
Electrostatically Dominated Pre‐Organization in Cyclodextrin Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Shen Dengke , Zhang Zhongyuan , Kesharwani Tanay , Wu Huang , Zhang Long , Stern Charlotte L. , Chen Hongliang , Guo Qing‐Hui , Cai Kang , Chen Aspen X.‐Y. , Stoddart J. Fraser 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElectrostatic interactions between oppositely charged entities play a key role in pre‐organizing substrates and stabilizing transition states of reactions in enzymes. The use of electrostatic interactions to pre‐organize ions in nanoconfined pores, however, has not been investigated to its full potential. Herein, we describe how carboxylate anions can be pre‐organized at the behest of their electrostatic interactions with K+ cations in nanoconfined tunnels present in γ‐cyclodextrin metal–organic frameworks, i.e., CD‐MOFs. Several carboxylate anions, which are all much smaller than the cavities of the tunnels, were visualized by X‐ray crystallography when nanoconfined in CD‐MOFs, despite the large voids present in the tunnels. These anions were found to be aligned within a planar array defined by four K+ cations, positioned around the periphery of the tunnels. The strong electrostatic interactions between the carboxylate anions and the K+ cations dictate the orientation of the anions and override the influence of all other possible noncovalent bonding interactions between them and the tunnels. Consequently, the aligned pairs of γ‐cyclodextrin rings constituting the tunnels become distorted, resulting in them having lower symmetry and fewer disordered carboxylate anions in the solid state. Our findings offer a transformative strategy for controlling the packing and orientation of ions in nanoconfined environments.
Synthesis and Structures of Oxide ‐Centred Alkali Metal (K, Li)/Lanthanoid (Ln3 or 4) 3,5‐Dimethylpyrazolate Cages ‐ Herbert Schumann Revisited
Authors: Werner Daniel , Guo Zhifang , Deacon Glen B. , Junk Peter C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReaction of lanthanoid tris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolate) compounds, [Ln(Me2pz)3(thf)]2 (Ln=La 1 a, Ce, Pr, Dy 1 b, Yb, Lu) with potassium or lithium bistrimethylsilylamide and with or without added 3,5‐dimethylpyrazole, or of lanthanoid tris(bistrimethylsilyl)amide complexes with potassium bistrimethylsilylamide and 3,5‐dimethylpyrazole have yielded a variety of oxide centred Ln3 or Ln4/(K or Li)1–3 multinuclear cages, namely, [La4O(Me2pz)11 K(thf)2] (2 a), [La4O(Me2pz)11Li(Me2pzH)]⋅0.5Hexane (2 b), [La4O(Me2pz)10(Me2pzH)] (2 c) (from heating 1 a in toluene), [Ce3O(Me2pz)9K2(dme)2] (3 a), [Ce3O(Me2pz)9Li2(thf)2]⋅0.5Hexane (3 b) and [Ce(Me2pz)5Li2(thf)3] (3 c), which crystallized together, [Ce3O(Me2pz)10K3(thf)3] (3 d), [Pr3O(Me2pz)10K3(thf)3] (4), [Dy3O(Me2pz)9K2(thf)2]⋅THF (5), [Yb3O(Me2pz)9K2(thf)2]⋅THF (6), and [Lu3O(Me2pz)9K2(thf)2]⋅THF (7). Crystals of {[K8(Me2pz)8(thf)2]⋅THF}∞ (8) were also obtained from the preparation of 7. From reaction of [Ce(Me2pz)3(thf)]2 with potassium tert‐butoxide in toluene, the cerium(IV) heterobimetallic polymer [Ce2(Me2pz)6(OtBu)4K2]∞ (9) was isolated.In the Ln3O and the Ln4O cages, the Ln atoms have triangular and distorted tetrahedral arrangements about the central oxygen, respectively. The relationship of the alkali metals to the central oxygen varies considerably. Thus in 2 a, 2 b, there is no bonding, in 3 a, both K atoms interact weakly, in 3 b one of the two Li atom is bound, in 3 d, 4, one of three K atoms in bound, whilst in 5–7, both K atoms are bound. All metals are bound to the cages by a variety of pyrazolate binding modes, with up to five different exhibited in some structures, and a new coordination mode, μ4‐1κ(N):2κ(N′):η5:η5, was observed in two complexes. In the structure of 2 c, the coordinated Me2pzH ligand binds to two metals through a single nitrogen, the first time this has been observed for a pyrazole donor. The complex 9 is polymeric with all metals bridged by butoxide donors as well as by Me2pz groups.
Platinum Stabilises a Molten‐Globule Conformation of a Small Globular Cytosolic Protein SUMO1
Authors: Tiwari Suman , Koti Ainavarapu Sri Rama 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProteins are generally resistant to large conformational changes under physiological conditions. Here, we show that platinum (Pt(II)), which is widely‐used metal centre in cancer therapeutic drugs, binds to a cytosolic protein, small ubiquitin‐like modifier 1 (SUMO1), under physiological conditions and changes its conformation to a molten globule (MG). Mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) studies confirmed stoichiometric Pt(II) binding to SUMO1. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed Tyr fluorescence quenching and increased ANS binding. Fluorescence assays on Trp‐mutants indicated conformational changes and circular dichroism (CD) suggested MG formation upon Pt(II) binding. In contrast, structural homologues of SUMO1 (ubiquitin (Ubq) and SUMO2) showed no conformational changes on Pt(II) titration. Further studies compared the impact of distinct His residues in SUMO1 on Pt(II) binding and protein structure to SUMO2 and Ubq. Experiments at low pH (5.0) implicated His residues interacting with Pt(II), corroborated by the absence of conformational change in the H75L mutant of SUMO1. Pt(II)‐His binding in SUMO1 unravels key molecular determinants of Pt(II)‐protein interactions and their conformational consequences. SUMO1 with other SUMOylation components are shown to have enhanced expression in several cancers, hence, our study suggests a possible fate of the non‐targetability of Pt(II)‐based drugs on SUMOylation in cancer cells, upon interaction with SUMO1.
Sharing is caring for the environment: But why would managers resist shared mobility?
Authors: Ntsiful Alex 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe debate on carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction strategies for a sustainable environment continues unabated. Thus, this study proposes and validates a model for understanding essential factors that can explain resistance to managers' bus‐sharing system (MBS). MBS is a sustainability strategy where organizations have well‐maintained buses to transport 10–15 managers to and from work. By drawing on an extended status quo bias theory, the study sampled and analyzed 234 responses from managers using the partial least square structural equation modeling. The results show that perceived switching benefits (PSWB) and perceived switching costs (PSWC) relate to perceived value and influence resistance to the proposed MBS. Meanwhile, managers' family/personal life conflicts and perceived prestige concerns increase the PSWC. These findings have essential theoretical implications for sustainability scholarship and inform organizations to adopt family‐friendly policies to reduce resistance to MBS.
Treatment of a symptomatic patient with severe progressive odontoid invagination and Cervicothoracic scoliosis: A case report
Authors: Burger Joost A. , Pichler Lorenz , Muellner Maximilian , Khakzad Thilo , Schömig Friederike , Pumberger Matthias 
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical MessageWhile there is no consensus on optimal treatment management for the rare condition of odontoid invagination with cervicothoracic scoliosis, skull traction for 12 weeks followed by combined posterior and anterior spinal fusion can be a feasible option. However, surgeons should be prepared for significant intraoperative and postoperative challenges.
A study on the kinetics of the gas–liquid reaction between nitric oxide and [Fe(II)NTA]−
Authors: Liu Feng , Ma Ning , Dong Li , Long Xiang‐li 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIron nitrilotriacetic acid ([Fe(II)NTA]−) solution is able to absorb NO from flue gases. In this study, the kinetics of the gas–liquid reaction between NO and [Fe(II)NTA]− has been determined using a double stirred cell. The study indicates that the reaction between NO and [Fe(II)NTA]− is turned into gas film controlling as the [Fe(II)NTA]− concentration is over 0.03 mol L−1. The reaction rate between NO and [Fe(II)NTA]− is in proportion to the inlet nitric oxide concentration. 50°C is considered to be the best temperature for [Fe(II)NTA]− solution absorbing nitric oxide. The reaction rate between NO and [Fe(II)NTA]− decreases as pH drops below 5.5. The negative effect of pH may be reduced as the [Fe(II)NTA]− concentration increases. The reaction rate between NO and [Fe(II)NTA]− varies little in the pH range from 5.5 to 8.0. The kinetic equation for the gas–liquid reaction between NO and [Fe(II)NTA]− under the controlling of both liquid film and gas film has been obtained as follows:

The activation energy Ea for the gas–liquid reaction between NO and [Fe(II)NTA]− is 13.06 KJ/mol. stands for the rate of chemisorptions, mol/(m2 · s); for the NO concentration in the interface, mol L−1; and for [Fe(II)NTA]− concentration in the liquid, mol L−1.
Is it Time for Multi‐Drug Therapy with Combination of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids?
Authors: Leśnikowski Zbigniew J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTherapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs) are a new class of drugs that exhibit different properties and mechanisms of action from those of small molecules or biological drugs. Over twenty oligonucleotide drugs and several COVID‐19 vaccines have received regulatory approval for clinical use. A characteristic feature of these TNAs is that they are directed against one specific biological target and one specific RNA or DNA sequence. Consequently, TNAs currently used are administered as monotherapy. Due to the known advantages of multidrug therapy with low molecular weight drugs, it may be time to intensify work on such a treatment protocol, also in the case of TNAs.
Automated analysis of flow cytometry data with minimal training files: Research evaluation of an elastic image registration algorithm for TBNK, stem cell enumeration, and lymphoid screening tube assays
Authors: Irvine Allison , Tahir Suhail , Tripathi Vishnu , Oreizy Farzad , Sen Moen , Giuliano Anthony , Lin Anna , Chen Angela , Lai Chih‐Hung , Omana‐Zapata Imelda , Zeng Yang , Jain Paresh , Bornheimer Scott J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAutomated analysis of flow cytometry data can improve objectivity and reduce analysis time but has generally required work by software and algorithm experts. Here, we investigated the performance of BD ElastiGate™ Software (hereafter ElastiGate), which allows users to automate gating by selecting gated training files, then uses elastic image registration to gate new files. Three assays of increasing complexity were examined: TBNK, stem cell enumeration (SCE), and lymphoid screening tube (LST). For TBNK analysis, 60 peripheral blood (PB) samples from normal, HIV+, and controls were tested with ground truth analysis by an existing automated method. For SCE, 128 samples including bone marrow (BM), cord blood (CB), and apheresis were tested with analysis by multiple manual analysts. For LST, 80 PB and 28 BM samples were tested with manual analysis. For ElastiGate, a minimal number of training files was selected. Results were compared by Bland–Altman or F1 score analysis. For TBNK, ElastiGate using three training files (1 control, 1 normal, 1 HIV+) showed mean %bias across all reported populations between −1.48% and 7.13% (average 2.08%). For SCE, ElastiGate using three BM and two CB training files showed median F1 scores >0.93 in comparison to >0.94 and >0.92 for two other manual analysts. For LST, ElastiGate using four training files for each of PB and BM showed median F1 scores >0.945 for 13 of 14 PB populations and 10 of 14 BM populations, with generally similar or better performance for normal samples compared to abnormal; populations with lower scores were often associated with lower agreement between manual analysts. Based on analysis of three assays with four sample types of increasing complexity, ElastiGate with minimal training files may perform as an automated gating assistant. The results reported here are for research use only, not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Esophagitis, treatment outcomes, and long‐term follow‐up in children with esophageal atresia
Authors: Bashir Anam , Krasaelap Amornluck , Lal Dave R. , Gourlay David M. , Pan Amy Y. , Jan Namratha , McCord Siri , Lerner Diana G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesSurvival rates in children born with esophageal atresia (EA) with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) have improved; however, morbidity associated with the disease remains high. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), fungal esophagitis, esophageal strictures, and long‐term outcomes in children with EA/TEF.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review on patients with EA/TEF who were seen at Children's Wisconsin from January 2003 to January 2023. Patients born with EA/TEF were included if they underwent at least one endoscopy after 1 year of age. GERD was diagnosed based on abnormal findings on endoscopy, pH‐metry, and/or history of fundoplication. EoE and fungal esophagitis were diagnosed based on abnormal endoscopy. Esophageal stricture diagnosis was based on findings on endoscopy and/or esophagram, and clinical symptoms necessitating esophageal dilation.ResultsEighty‐five patients (64.7% males, mean age 7.5 years) were included, the majority had type C EA/TEF (90.6%). GERD was diagnosed in 61.1% (n = 52), 49.4% (n = 42) by macro and/or microscopic endoscopic findings, 22.3% (n = 19) by abnormal pH‐metry, and 21.1% (n = 18) by the need for fundoplication for refractory reflux and/or esophageal stricture. Risk of GERD increased with lower gestational age (p = 0.0030), lower birth weight (p = 0.023), and long‐gap EA (p = 0.034). In children diagnosed with GERD, only 13.4% of patients (n = 7/52) were able to be weaned off proton pump inhibitor (PPI) without disease recurrence. However, overall, at the completion of the study, 44.7% (n = 38) of patients were successfully weaned off PPI without evidence of GERD. EoE was diagnosed in 20% of the patients (n = 17). All patients diagnosed with EoE required escalation of therapy from PPI alone to swallowed corticosteroids in 52.9% (n = 9), dupilumab in 23.5% (n = 4), elemental formula in 17.6% (n = 3), and elemental formula and swallowed steroids in 5.8% (n = 1). Fungal esophagitis was diagnosed in 15.3% of patients (n = 13). An esophageal stricture requiring dilation was diagnosed in 77.6% (n = 66) of patients at a mean age of 28.5 months, with over 60% diagnosed by 24 months of age.ConclusionsChildren born with EA/TEF continue to be at high risk of developing GERD, EoE, fungal esophagitis, and esophageal stenosis. Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy remains a high‐yield test to identify and treat these comorbidities.
Simultaneously strengthening, toughening, and damage monitoring of fiber reinforced composite by using a rigid/flexible hybrid modifier
Authors: Zhang Shuzheng , Hu Wenlong , He Hailing , Li Xiang , Huang Pinbo , Zhao Yunmei , Yang Bin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTwo‐phase hybrid modification has been used as an advanced method to improve the strength and toughness of composite. An interfacial modification strategy for simultaneous strengthening, toughening, and damage monitoring of glass fiber (GF)/epoxy composite is proposed by coating rigid multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and flexible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) on the glass fiber surface. The fiber pull‐out and out‐of‐plane experiments were performed to investigate the interfacial modification effect of rigid/flexible hybrid modifier. The results show that the hybrid modifier with a MWCNT/TPU mass ratio of 3:1 (MT@GF‐3/epoxy composite) realizes the most significant enhancement. Specifically, in comparison to GF/epoxy composites, MT@GF‐3/epoxy composite has an increment of 36.52%, 60.96%, 29.56%, and 80.36% in interfacial shear strength (IFSS), transverse fiber bundle test (TFBT) strength, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC), respectively, and a significant enhancement in impact resistance. The enhanced interfacial strength and toughness are attributed to the mechanical interlocking, deflection of cracks, and plastic stretching generated by MWCNT and TPU. Results show that the two modifiers interact in a mutually reinforcing way with regard to the strengthening/toughening effects. In addition, multiple mechanical tests confirm the MT@GF/epoxy composites have an excellent damage monitoring ability by recording the resistance change based on the MWCNT's conductive characteristics. This strategy for interfacial modification coating a rigid‐flexible MWCNT/TPU hybrid modifier would offer valuable guidance for improving the strength and toughness of glass fiber/epoxy composites, as well as monitoring and locating the damage.Highlights
A rigid/flexible hybrid modifier is proposed for modifying the GF/EP composites.
The modifier achieves the greatest enhancement at a 3:1 mass ratio of MWCNT/TPU.
The mutual reinforcing mechanism between the rigid/flexible phases is analyzed.
Damage monitoring is realized for the modified GF/EP composites.
The endocannabinoid system in appetite regulation and treatment of obesity
Authors: Kurtov Marija , Rubinić Igor , Likić Robert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex cell‐signaling system that is responsible for maintaining homeostasis by modulating various regulatory reactions in response to internal and environmental changes. The influence of ECS on appetite regulation has been a subject of much recent research, however, the full extent of its impact remains unknown. Current evidence links human obesity to ECS activation, increased endocannabinoid levels in both central and peripheral tissues, along with cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CBR1) up‐regulation. These findings imply the potential pharmacological use of the ECS in the treatment of obesity. Here, we present various pathophysiological processes in obesity involving the ECS, highlighting different pharmacological options for modulating endocannabinoid activity to treat obesity. However, the potential of those pharmacological possibilities remains under investigation and requires further research.