bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspectos morfológicos da orofaringe em diferentes padrões esqueléticos
Authors: Cabral Milena Barreto Arruda , Rebello Ieda Crusoé , Souza-Machado Adelmir 
Published: November 2017

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Introdução</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">: Variações anatômicas craniofaciais e no espaço aéreo são fatores etiológicos importantes na obstrução das vias aéreas superiores, o que pode ocasionar distúrbios respiratórios do sono, como a Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS). Indivíduos que apresentam padrão esquelético de classe II, com retrusão mandibular, apresentam menores dimensões do espaço aéreo, quando comparados a indivíduos com padrão de classe I. <strong>Objetivo</strong>: comparar o volume e a mínima área axial da orofaringe de indivíduos saudáveis com padrão esquelético de classe II e com padrão de classe I, por meio de tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFC). <strong>Metodologia</strong>: </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: ">Para este estudo, foram utilizadas 42 imagens de TCFC crânio total de adultos saudáveis, que pertenciam ao acervo do curso de Especialização em Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial, da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFBA, que seguiram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. As imagens foram avaliadas por um único examinador previamente treinado pelo programa Dolphin Imaging® versão 11.5 Premium (Dolphin Imaging, Charsworth, Califórnia, USA). Para classificar o padrão esquelético, foi utilizado o valor do ângulo ANB. <strong>Resultado</strong>: mostraram que o volume e a mínima área axial são menores em indivíduos com padrão esquelético de classe II, com uma diferença mediana de 5.379,0 mm<sup>3</sup> e 86,8 mm<sup>2</sup>, respectivamente. A mínima área axial é menor à medida que o volume da orofaringe diminui, pois houve correlação direta entre as variáveis, com rho = 0,78. <strong>Conclusão</strong>: o volume e a mínima área axial da orofaringe são menores em indivíduos com padrão esquelético de classe II que em indivíduos com padrão esquelético de classe I. </span></p>
Produtos marinhos como fonte promissora de fármacos: um foco para ação cardiovascular
Authors: Moreira Bárbara Da Silva , De Vasconcelos Darizy Flavia Silva Amorim 
Published: November 2017

<div><strong>Introdução</strong>: A diversidade marinha é fonte de extensa variedade de componentes biologicamente ativos, cujo potencial terapêuticotem despertado o interesse de muitos cientistas. A busca pela cura ou tratamento mais eficaz de doenças crônicas, a exemplo das doenças cardiovasculares, têm desencadeado a procura de substâncias potentes, eficazes, seletivas e com um reduzido número de efeitos adversos. <strong>Objetivo:</strong> Realizar uma busca detalhada de estudos sobre produtos marinhos com potencial terapêutico para enfermidades cardiovasculares. Metodologia: Foram selecionados artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2011 e julho de 2014 no banco de dados eletrônico PubMed. <strong>Resultado</strong>: Quarenta e um (41) artigos foram encontrados e 21 foram selecionados para escrita dessa revisão. A lista de referência dos estudos incluídos foi também verificada. <strong>Conclusão</strong>: Há um crescente interesse pelo estudo de produtos naturais de origem marinha, para busca de novos fármacos com menos efeitos colaterais para o tratamento de diversas patologias, inclusive do sistema cardiovascular. Alguns estudos têm obtido resultados promissores, onde entre as espécies estudas, as algas têm se destacado, principalmente as de cor marrom. Os terpenoides têm sido a classe química com melhores resultados, porém ainda há um longo caminho para a identificação e desenvolvimento tecnológico desses produtos, visando a que sejam eficazes e seguros para o uso em humano.</div>
The Weighted‐Average Lagged Ensemble
Authors: DelSole T. , Trenary L. , Tippett M. K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA lagged ensemble is an ensemble of forecasts from the same model initialized at different times but verifying at the same time. The skill of a lagged ensemble mean can be improved by assigning weights to different forecasts in such a way as to maximize skill. If the forecasts are bias corrected, then an unbiased weighted lagged ensemble requires the weights to sum to one. Such a scheme is called a weighted‐average lagged ensemble. In the limit of uncorrelated errors, the optimal weights are positive and decay monotonically with lead time, so that the least skillful forecasts have the least weight. In more realistic applications, the optimal weights do not always behave this way. This paper presents a series of analytic examples designed to illuminate conditions under which the weights of an optimal weighted‐average lagged ensemble become negative or depend nonmonotonically on lead time. It is shown that negative weights are most likely to occur when the errors grow rapidly and are highly correlated across lead time. The weights are most likely to behave nonmonotonically when the mean square error is approximately constant over the range forecasts included in the lagged ensemble. An extreme example of the latter behavior is presented in which the optimal weights vanish everywhere except at the shortest and longest lead times.
Navigating the medical physics education and training landscape
Authors: Loughery Brian , Starkschall George , Hendrickson Kristi , Prisciandaro Joann , Clark Brenda , Fullerton Gary , Ibbott Geoffrey , Jackson Edward , Burmeister Jay 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeThe education and training landscape has been profoundly reshaped by the ABR 2012/2014 initiative and the MedPhys Match. This work quantifies these changes and summarizes available reports, surveys, and statistics on education and training.MethodsWe evaluate data from CAMPEP‐accredited program websites, annual CAMPEP graduate and residency program reports, and surveys on the MedPhys Match and Professional Doctorate degree (DMP).ResultsFrom 2009–2015, the number of graduates from CAMPEP‐accredited graduate programs rose from 210 to 332, while CAMPEP‐accredited residency positions rose from 60 to 134. We estimate that approximately 60% of graduates of CAMPEP‐accredited graduate programs intend to enter clinical practice, however, only 36% of graduates were successful in acquiring a residency position in 2015. The maximum residency placement percentage for a graduate program is 70%, while the median for all programs is only 22%. Overall residency placement percentage for CAMPEP‐accredited program graduates from 2011–2015 was approximately 38% and 25% for those with a PhD and MS, respectively. The disparity between the number of clinically oriented graduates and available residency positions is perceived as a significant problem by over 70% of MedPhys Match participants responding to a post‐match survey. Approximately 32% of these respondents indicated that prior knowledge of this situation would have changed their decision to pursue graduate education in medical physics.ConclusionThese data reveal a substantial disparity between the number of residency training positions and graduate students interested in these positions, and a substantial variability in residency placement percentage across graduate programs. Comprehensive data regarding current and projected supply and demand within the medical physics workforce are needed for perspective on these numbers. While the long‐term effects of changes in the education and training infrastructure are still unclear, available survey data suggest that these changes could negatively affect potential entrants to the profession.
Association of Comorbidities in Spondyloarthritis With Poor Function, Work Disability, and Quality of Life: Results From the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society Comorbidities in Spondyloarthritis Study
Authors: Nikiphorou E. , Ramiro S. , van der Heijde D. , Norton S. , Moltó A. , Dougados M. , van den Bosch F. , Landewé R. ,   the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society Comorbidities in Spondyloarthritis Study Task Force
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveComorbidities add to the burden of disease and its complexity, and may prevent the achievement of treat‐to‐target goals. The objective of this study was to study the relationship between comorbidities and key disease outcomes in spondyloarthritis (SpA), namely function, work ability, and quality of life.MethodsPatients from the multinational (22 countries), cross‐sectional Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) Comorbidities in Spondyloarthritis study were included in the analysis, provided they fulfilled the ASAS criteria. Data on comorbidities based on both self‐ and physician‐report were collected through questionnaires and were subsequently used to compute the Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Index (RDCI). Univariable and multivariable (adjusted for relevant confounders) multilevel (with country as a random effect) linear or logistic (as appropriate) regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between the RDCI and functional ability, work ability, and quality of life.ResultsIn total, 3,370 of 3,984 recruited patients (85%) fulfilled the ASAS criteria: 66% were male, mean ± SD age was 43 ± 14 years, mean ± SD disease duration was 8.4 ± 9.5 years, and mean ± SD RDCI was 0.7 ± 1.1. At least 1 comorbidity was reported in 51% of patients; 9% had ≥3 comorbidities. RDCI was independently associated with a higher Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index score (β = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.30, 0.43), lower EuroQol 5‐domain questionnaire (β = −0.03, 95% CI −0.04, −0.02), less work employment (odds ratio [OR] 0.83, 95% CI 0.76, 0.91), higher absenteeism (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.34), and higher presenteeism (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.26, 1.61).ConclusionComorbidities in SpA adversely influence physical function, work ability, and quality of life and are important to take into account in daily clinical practice.
Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine in Hand Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Weiching , Ruijgrok Liesbeth , Boxma‐de Klerk Bianca , Kok Marc R. , Kloppenburg Margreet , Gerards Andreas , Huisman Margriet , Hazes Mieke , de Sonnaville Peter , Grillet Bart , Weel Angelique , Basoski Natalja 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the symptom‐modifying effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in hand osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind, multicenter trial, patients with symptomatic hand OA received either HCQ 400 mg once a day or placebo during 24 weeks. The primary outcome was change of pain measured on a 100‐mm visual analog scale (VAS) at 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes included decrease of pain at weeks 6 and 12 and change in Australian Canadian Hand Osteoarthritis Index (AUSCAN) and Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2 short form (AIMS2‐SF) total scores.ResultsA total of 196 patients was included (placebo n = 98, HCQ n = 98). Mean ± SD age was 58.0 ± 7.6 years, and 86% were female. Baseline mean ± SD pain VAS was 44.9 ± 22.9 mm in the placebo group and 43.2 ± 22.3 mm in the HCQ group. At 24 weeks, change in pain VAS was not significantly different between both groups (imputed mean VAS 42.7 in the HCQ group versus 45.3 in the placebo group after 24 weeks), as was the case in pain VAS at weeks 6 and 12. Changes in AUSCAN total score and AIMS2‐SF total score in both groups were similar between the groups. In total, 24 patients in the placebo group and 21 patients in the HCQ group reported ≥1 adverse event. In the HCQ group, 3 patients reported a severe allergic reaction. Fifteen patients withdrew from the study (5 placebo, 10 HCQ group) due to adverse events.ConclusionTreatment with HCQ at 24 weeks is not effective in reducing the symptoms of hand OA compared to placebo.
Asthma in Children of Mothers With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and the Role of Preterm Birth
Authors: Rossides Marios , Nguyen Cathina , Arkema Elizabeth V. , Simard Julia F. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and asthma share inheritable IgE‐related pathophysiology, but the association between maternal SLE and asthma in the offspring has not been explored. Our aim was to investigate the association between maternal SLE during pregnancy and childhood asthma and examine the role of preterm birth as a mediator of the association using Swedish register data.MethodsInformation on 12,000 singleton live births (2001–2013) was collected from the Medical Birth Register. Childhood asthma was defined as at least 1 International Classification of Diseases–coded visit in the National Patient Register. Prevalent maternal SLE at delivery was identified from the Medical Birth Register and the National Patient Register. Risk ratios for asthma were estimated while controlling for confounders. Mediation analysis was used to estimate what percentage of the total effect can be explained by preterm birth (defined as either <34 or <37 weeks of gestation).ResultsWe compared 775 children born to mothers with SLE with 11,225 born to mothers without SLE. Ninety seven children of mothers with SLE (13%) were diagnosed with asthma, compared to 1,211 in the unexposed group (11%). The risk ratio for childhood asthma was 1.46 (95% confidence interval 1.16–1.84). In mediation analysis, 20–29% of the total effect of SLE was explained by preterm birth.ConclusionPrevalent maternal SLE during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of asthma in the offspring. While preterm birth can explain a fair proportion of this association, additional unidentified mechanisms also likely play a role.
Thermal degradation and combustion behavior of intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene with novel phosphorus‐based flame retardants
Authors: Lu Lingang , Guo Nan , Qian Xiaodong , Yang Shousheng , Wang Xuebao , Jin Jing , Shao Gaosong 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to develop an environmentally friendly fire‐retardant polypropylene (PP) with significantly improved fire‐retardancy performance with a novel flame‐retardant (FR) system. The system was composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine (MEL), and novel phosphorus‐based FRs. Because of the synergistic FR effects among the three FRs, the FR PP composites achieved a V‐0 classification, and the limiting oxygen index reached as high as 36.5%. In the cone calorimeter test, both the peak heat‐release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of the FR PP composites were remarkably reduced by the incorporation of the novel FR system. The FR mechanism of the MEL–APP–FR–PP composites was investigated through thermogravimetric analysis and char residue characterization, and the results reveal that the addition of MEL–APP–FRs promoted the formation of stable intumescent char layers. This led to the reduction of pHRR and THR and resulted in the improvement of the fire retardancy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45962.
Virtual Environment for Social Information Processing: Assessment of Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Russo‐Ponsaran Nicole , McKown Clark , Johnson Jason , Russo Jaclyn , Crossman Jacob , Reife Ilana 
Published: November 2017

Social information processing (SIP) skills are critical for developing and maintaining peer relationships. Building on existing assessment techniques, Virtual Environment for SIP (VESIPTM), a simulation‐based assessment that immerses children in social decision‐making scenarios, was developed. This study presents preliminary evidence of VESIP's usefulness for measuring SIP skills in children with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Twenty‐one children with ASD and 29 control children participated. It was hypothesized that (a) children (8–12 years old), with and without ASD, would understand and interact effectively with VESIP; (b) VESIP scores would be reliable in both populations; and (c) children with ASD would score lower on SIP domains than typically developing peers. Results supported these hypotheses. Finally, response bias was also evaluated, showing that children with ASD have different problem‐solving strategies than their peers. VESIP has great potential as a scalable assessment of SIP strengths and challenges in children with and without ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 305–317. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryChildren with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) often struggle interpreting and responding to social situations. The present study suggests that an animated, simulation‐based assessment approach is an effective way to measure how children with or without ASDs problem‐solve challenging social situations. VESIP is an easy‐to‐use assessment tool that can help practitioners understand a child's particular strengths and weaknesses.
Expanding the Scope of Sortase‐Mediated Ligations by Using Sortase Homologues
Authors: Nikghalb Keyvan D. , Horvath Nicholas M. , Prelesnik Jesse L. , Banks Orion G. B. , Filipov Pavel A. , Row R. David , Roark Travis J. , Antos John M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSortase‐catalyzed transacylation reactions are widely used for the construction of non‐natural protein derivatives. However, the most commonly used enzyme for these strategies (sortase A from Staphylococcus aureus) is limited by its narrow substrate scope. To expand the range of substrates compatible with sortase‐mediated reactions, we characterized the in vitro substrate preferences of eight sortase A homologues. From these studies, we identified sortase A enzymes that recognize multiple substrates that are unreactive toward sortase A from S. aureus. We further exploited the ability of sortase A from Streptococcus pneumoniae to recognize an LPATS substrate to perform a site‐specific modification of the N‐terminal serine residue in the naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide DCD‐1L. Finally, we unexpectedly observed that certain substrates (LPATXG, X=Nle, Leu, Phe, Tyr) were susceptible to transacylation at alternative sites within the substrate motif, and sortase A from S. pneumoniae was capable of forming oligomers. Overall, this work provides a foundation for the further development of sortase enzymes for use in protein modification.
Why the Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) Cofactor Needs To Be Covalently Linked to Complex II of the Electron‐Transport Chain for the Conversion of FADH2 into FAD
Authors: Dourado Daniel F. A. R. , Swart Marcel , Carvalho Alexandra T. P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA covalently bound flavin cofactor is predominant in the succinate‐ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR; Complex II), an essential component of aerobic electron transport, and in the menaquinol‐fumarate oxidoreductase (QFR), the anaerobic counterpart, although it is only present in approximately 10 % of the known flavoenzymes. This work investigates the role of this 8α‐N3‐histidyl linkage between the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor and the respiratory Complex II. After parameterization with DFT calculations, classical molecular‐dynamics simulations and quantum‐mechanics calculations for Complex II:FAD and Complex II:FADH2, with and without the covalent bond, were performed. It was observed that the covalent bond is essential for the active‐center arrangement of the FADH2/FAD cofactor. Removal of this bond causes a displacement of the isoalloxazine group, which influences interactions with the protein, flavin solvation, and possible proton‐transfer pathways. Specifically, for the noncovalently bound FADH2 cofactor, the N1 atom moves away from the His‐A365 and His‐A254 residues and the N5 atom moves away from the glutamine‐62A residue. Both of the histidine and glutamine residues interact with a chain of water molecules that cross the enzyme, which is most likely involved in proton transfer. Breaking this chain of water molecules could thereby compromise proton transfer across the two active sites of Complex II.
Refreshing Rubbers as Customized Photothermal Conversion Materials through Post‐Darkening Modeling Production
Authors: Li Ruiting , Wang Zhen , Han Peng , He Yonglin , Zhang Xiaohong , Wang Yapei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOrganic conjugated polymers with low energy bandgaps are emerging as a particular class of near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion materials. However, these polymers routinely possess high phase transition temperatures due to the rigid skeleton and strong intermolecular interactions. Conjugated polymers can rarely be thermally processed at low temperature, especially below 100 °C. This work formulates a concept of post‐darkening modeling production (p‐DMP) by which the thermoplastic non‐conjugated trans‐polyisoprene (TPI) is refreshed into a photothermal conversion material with high light use efficiency. Two steps, including the customizable shaping at low temperature and iodine vapor‐tailored “darkening”, ensure the ease of preparing photothermal conversion devices with desirable topologies. A few characterizations, with the combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, provide reasonable explanations for understanding the “darkening” process of TPI in iodine atmosphere. In particular, the p‐DMP is successfully extended to three‐dimension (3D) printing, opening an avenue to fabricate personalized photothermal products, for example, a sunlight‐directed physiotherapy device for healthcare of articular tissues.
Catalyst‐ and Supporting‐Electrolyte‐Free Electrosynthesis of Benzothiazoles and Thiazolopyridines in Continuous Flow
Authors: Folgueiras‐Amador Ana A. , Qian Xiang‐Yang , Xu Hai‐Chao , Wirth Thomas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA catalyst‐ and supporting electrolyte‐free method for electrochemical dehydrogenative C−S bond formation in continuous flow has been developed. A broad range of N‐arylthioamides have been converted to the corresponding benzothiazoles in good to excellent yields and with high current efficiencies. This transformation is achieved using only electricity and laboratory grade solvent, avoiding degassing or the use of inert atmosphere. This work highlights three advantages of electrochemistry in flow, which is (i) a supporting electrolyte‐free reaction, (ii) an easy scale‐up of the reaction without the need for a larger reactor and, (iii) the important and effective impact of having a good mixing of the reaction mixture, which can be achieved effectively with the use of flow systems. This clearly improves the reported methods for the synthesis of benzothiazoles.
Effects of High‐ and Low‐Fat Meals on the Pharmacokinetics of Ozanimod, a Novel Sphingosine‐1‐Phosphate Receptor Modulator
Authors: Tran Jonathan Q. , Hartung Jeffrey P. , Tompkins Cindy‐Ann , Frohna Paul A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOzanimod (RPC1063) is an oral selective modulator of the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate 1 and 5 receptors under development for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. The effects of high‐fat and low‐fat meals on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a single oral dose of ozanimod were evaluated in 24 healthy volunteers in a randomized, open‐label crossover trial. Each subject received a 1‐mg dose of ozanimod hydrochloride under 3 meal conditions (fasted, high‐fat, and low‐fat), each separated by 7 days. Mean plasma concentration–time profiles for ozanimod and its active metabolites (RP101988 [major], RP101075 [minor]) were similar under all 3 conditions. Moreover, all PK parameters for ozanimod, RP101988, and RP101075 were similar under the 3 meal conditions. The 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the ratios of geometric least‐squares mean (fed/fasted) were within the equivalence limits of 0.80 to 1.25 for area under the concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0–∞) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) for ozanimod, RP101988, and RP101075, except for the high‐fat effect on RP101075 Cmax (90%CI, 0.76–0.88). Given this lack of a food effect on the exposure of ozanimod and its active metabolites, ozanimod can be taken without regard to meals.