bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a taxonomy of logic models in systematic reviews and health technology assessments: A priori, staged, and iterative approaches
Authors: Rehfuess Eva A. , Booth Andrew , Brereton Louise , Burns Jacob , Gerhardus Ansgar , Mozygemba Kati , Oortwijn Wija , Pfadenhauer Lisa M. , Tummers Marcia , van der Wilt Gert‐Jan , Rohwer Anke 
Published: July 2017

The complexity associated with how interventions result—or fail to result—in outcomes and how context matters is increasingly recognised. Logic models provide an important tool for handling complexity, with contrasting uses in programme evaluation and evidence synthesis. To reconcile these, we developed an approach that combines the strengths of both traditions, propose a taxonomy of logic models, and provide guidance on how to choose between approaches and types of logic models in systematic reviews and health technology assessments (HTA).The taxonomy distinguishes 3 approaches (a priori, staged, and iterative) and 2 types (systems‐based and process‐orientated) of logic models. An a priori logic model is specified at the start of the systematic review/HTA and remains unchanged. With a staged logic model, the reviewer prespecifies several points, at which major data inputs require a subsequent version. An iterative logic model is continuously modified throughout the systematic review/HTA process. System‐based logic models describe the system, in which the interaction between participants, intervention, and context takes place; process‐orientated models display the causal pathways leading from the intervention to multiple outcomes.The proposed taxonomy of logic models offers an improved understanding of the advantages and limitations of logic models across the spectrum from a priori to fully iterative approaches. Choice of logic model should be informed by scope of evidence synthesis, presence/absence of clearly defined population, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) elements, and feasibility considerations. Applications across distinct interventions and methodological approaches will deliver good practice case studies and offer further insights on the choice and implementation of logic modelling approaches.
Feedback field control improves the precision of T2* quantification at 7 T
Authors: Wyss Michael , Duerst Yolanda , Nanz Daniel , Kasper Lars , Wilm Bertram Jakob , Dietrich Benjamin Emmanuel , Gross Simon , Schmid Thomas , Brunner David Otto , Pruessmann Klaas Paul 
Published: July 2017

T2* mapping offers access to a number of important structural and physiological tissue parameters. It is robust against RF field variations and overall signal scaling. However, T2* measurement is highly sensitive to magnetic field errors, including perturbations caused by breathing motion at high baseline field. The goal of this work is to assess this issue in T2* mapping of the brain and to study the benefit of field stabilization by feedback field control.T2* quantification in the brain was investigated by phantom and in vivo measurements at 7 T. Repeated measurements were made with and without feedback field control using NMR field sensing and dynamic third‐order shim actuation. The precision and reliability of T2* quantification was assessed by studying variation across repeated measurements as well as fitting errors.Breathing effects were found to introduce significant error in T2* mapping results. Field control mitigates this problem substantially. In a phantom it virtually eliminates the effects of emulated breathing fluctuations in the head. In vivo it enhances the structural fidelity of T2* maps and reduces fitting residuals along with standard deviation.In conclusion, feedback field control improves the fidelity of T2* mapping in the presence of field perturbations. It is an effective means of countering bulk susceptibility effects of breathing and hence holds particular promise for efforts to leverage high field for T2* studies in vivo.
An isogeometric analysis approach to gradient‐dependent plasticity
Authors: Kolo Isa , de Borst René 
Published: July 2017

SummaryGradient‐dependent plasticity can be used to achieve mesh‐objective results upon loss of well‐posedness of the initial/boundary value problem because of the introduction of strain softening, non‐associated flow, and geometric nonlinearity. A prominent class of gradient plasticity models considers a dependence of the yield strength on the Laplacian of the hardening parameter, usually an invariant of the plastic strain tensor. This inclusion causes the consistency condition to become a partial differential equation, in addition to the momentum balance. At the internal moving boundary, one has to impose appropriate boundary conditions on the hardening parameter or, equivalently, on the plastic multiplier. This internal boundary condition can be enforced without tracking the elastic‐plastic boundary by requiring
‐continuity with respect to the plastic multiplier. In this contribution, this continuity has been achieved by using nonuniform rational B‐splines as shape functions both for the plastic multiplier and for the displacements. One advantage of this isogeometric analysis approach is that the displacements can be interpolated one order higher, making it consistent with the interpolation of the plastic multiplier. This is different from previous approaches, which have been exploited. The regularising effect of gradient plasticity is shown for 1‐ and 2‐dimensional boundary value problems.
TRAP1 controls cell cycle G2–M transition through the regulation of CDK1 and MAD2 expression/ubiquitination
Authors: Sisinni Lorenza , Maddalena Francesca , Condelli Valentina , Pannone Giuseppe , Simeon Vittorio , Li Bergolis Valeria , Lopes Elvira , Piscazzi Annamaria , Matassa Danilo Swann , Mazzoccoli Carmela , Nozza Filomena , Lettini Giacomo , Amoroso Maria Rosaria , Bufo Pantaleo , Esposito Franca , Landriscina Matteo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRegulation of tumour cell proliferation by molecular chaperones is still a complex issue. Here, the role of the HSP90 molecular chaperone TRAP1 in cell cycle regulation was investigated in a wide range of human breast, colorectal, and lung carcinoma cell lines, and tumour specimens. TRAP1 modulates the expression and/or the ubiquitination of key cell cycle regulators through a dual mechanism: (i) transcriptional regulation of CDK1, CYCLIN B1, and MAD2, as suggested by gene expression profiling of TRAP1‐silenced breast carcinoma cells; and (ii) post‐transcriptional quality control of CDK1 and MAD2, being the ubiquitination of these two proteins enhanced upon TRAP1 down‐regulation. Mechanistically, TRAP1 quality control on CDK1 is crucial for its regulation of mitotic entry, since TRAP1 interacts with CDK1 and prevents CDK1 ubiquitination in cooperation with the proteasome regulatory particle TBP7, this representing the limiting factor in TRAP1 regulation of the G2–M transition. Indeed, TRAP1 silencing results in enhanced CDK1 ubiquitination, lack of nuclear translocation of CDK1/cyclin B1 complex, and increased MAD2 degradation, whereas CDK1 forced up‐regulation partially rescues low cyclin B1 and MAD2 levels and G2–M transit in a TRAP1‐poor background. Consistently, the CDK1 inhibitor RO‐3306 is less active in a TRAP1‐high background. Finally, a significant correlation was observed between TRAP1 and Ki67, CDK1 and/or MAD2 expression in breast, colorectal, and lung human tumour specimens. This study represents the first evidence that TRAP1 is relevant in the control of the complex machinery that governs cell cycle progression and mitotic entry and provides a strong rationale to regard TRAP1 as a biomarker to select tumours with deregulated cell cycle progression and thus likely poorly responsive to novel cell cycle inhibitors. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection: challenging the 21 weeks' threshold
Authors: Enders M. , Daiminger A. , Exler S. , Enders G. 
Published: July 2017

What's already known about this topic?

Current guidelines recommend performing amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis of CMV infection not before 21 weeks' gestation and at least 6 weeks after maternal infection.
What does this study add?

Our data suggest that amniocentesis can be done before 21 weeks' gestation without significant loss of sensitivity. This has to be confirmed in a controlled study.
© 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, structure, and photoreactions of fluorinated 2,11‐diaza[32]paracyclophane: Photochemical formation of cage‐diene type benzene dimer
Authors: Okamoto Hideki , Kozai Tetsuya , Okabayashi Zenji , Shinmyozu Teruo , Ota Hiromi , Amimoto Kiichi , Satake Kyosuke 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn octafluorinated 2,11‐diaza[32]paracyclophane derivative 12 was prepared, and its photochemical reaction was investigated. Upon irradiation at 300 nm, the fluorinated azacyclophane 12 underwent efficient photodimerization of the benzene cores to afford the corresponding photoisomer 13, which possessed cage diene benzene dimer structure (pentacyclo[6.4.0.0.2,70.3,1206,9]dodeca‐4,10‐diene skeleton). The cage diene structure was established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The cage diene 13 thermally isomerized to a syn‐o,o′‐dibenzene isomer 22. The activation parameters for the thermal isomerization were determined to be Ea = 121 kJ mol−1, ΔH≠ = 118 kJ mol−1, ΔS≠(293 K) = 22 J mol−1 K−1, and ΔG≠(293 K) = 111 kJ mol−1. It was revealed that, by photoirradiation at 300 nm, the syn‐o,o′‐dibenzene isomer 22 underwent facile intramolecular [π4s + π4s] cycloaddition to reproduce the cage diene isomer 13.
Double Shock Experiments on PBX Explosive JOB‐9003
Authors: Zi Pandeng , Chen Jun , Zhang Rong , Zhong Bin , Zhang Xu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOne‐dimensional plate impact experiments have been performed to study the double shocks to detonation transition and Hugoniot state in the HMX‐based explosive JOB‐9003. The flyer was a combination of sapphire and Kel‐F, which can pass two different pressure waves into PBX Explosive JOB‐9003 sample after the impact. The particle velocities at interface and different depths in the JOB‐9003 sample were measured with Al‐based electromagnetic particle velocity gauge technique, thus obtaining particle velocity‐time diagram. According to the diagram, the corresponding Hugoniot state can be determined based on the particle velocity and shock wave velocity in the sample. Comparing with sustained pulse experiments, PBX Explosive JOB‐9003 shows desensitization feature due to the pre‐pressed shock wave.
An integrated modeling approach for assessing management objectives for mule deer in central British Columbia
Authors: Hatter Ian W. , Dielman Patrick , Kuzyk Gerald W. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTWe used an integrated Bayesian state‐space population model to assess whether management objectives were met before (1995–2003), during (2004–2010), and after (2011–2013) antlerless permits to harvest mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) were increased in response to stakeholder concerns in central British Columbia, Canada. Data inputs included 19 years of harvest data, 7 years of autumn age–sex composition data, 17 years of spring age–sex composition data, and 15 years of a population index. Management objectives were to maintain a spring population of 7,000–9,000 deer and a posthunt adult sex ratio of 20–30 males:100 females. An 8.5‐fold increase in antlerless permits raised the antlerless harvest rates from 1.0% (1995–2003) to 4.8% (2004–2010). Antlerless harvest rates decreased to 2.8% following a 53% decrease in permits from 2011 to 2013. Population projections from 2014 to 2018 fell within the bounds of the management objectives, but 95% credibility intervals revealed great uncertainty in population size and composition. We recommend a structured, adaptive approach to mule deer management that includes annual adjustment of harvests, monitoring, and modeling, with an open‐ended stakeholder engagement process to ensure objectives remain relevant, measurable, and achievable. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Pro-arrhythmogenic Effects of the V141M KCNQ1 Mutation in Short QT Syndrome and Its Potential Therapeutic Targets: Insights from Modeling
Authors: Lee Hsiang-Chun , Rudy Yoram , Liang Hongwu , Chen Chih-Chieh , Luo Ching-Hsing , Sheu Sheng-Hsiung , Cui Jianmin 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the pore-forming subunit of IKs channels, KCNQ1, lead to short QT syndrome (SQTS) and lethal arrhythmias. However, how mutant IKs channels cause SQTS and the possibility of IKs-specific pharmacological treatment remain unclear. V141M KCNQ1 is a SQTS associated mutation. We studied its effect on IKs gating properties and changes in the action potentials (AP) of human ventricular myocytes. Xenopus oocytes were used to study the gating mechanisms of expressed V141M KCNQ1/KCNE1 channels. Computational models were used to simulate human APs in endocardial, mid-myocardial, and epicardial ventricular myocytes with and without β-adrenergic stimulation. V141M KCNQ1 caused a gain-of-function in IKs characterized by increased current density, faster activation, and slower deactivation leading to IKs accumulation. V141M KCNQ1 also caused a leftward shift of the conductance-voltage curve compared to wild type (WT) IKs (V1/2 = 33.6 ± 4.0 mV for WT, and 24.0 ± 1.3 mV for heterozygous V141M). A Markov model of heterozygous V141M mutant IKs was developed and incorporated into the O’Hara–Rudy model. Compared to the WT, AP simulations demonstrated marked rate-dependent shortening of AP duration (APD) for V141M, predicting a SQTS phenotype. Transmural electrical heterogeneity was enhanced in heterozygous V141M AP simulations, especially under β-adrenergic stimulation. Computational simulations identified specific IK1 blockade as a beneficial pharmacologic target for reducing the transmural APD heterogeneity associated with V141M KCNQ1 mutation. V141M KCNQ1 mutation shortens ventricular APs and enhances transmural APD heterogeneity under β-adrenergic stimulation. Computational simulations identified IK1 blockers as a potential antiarrhythmic drug of choice for SQTS.
The determinants of voting in multilateral bargaining games
Authors: Fréchette Guillaume R. , Vespa Emanuel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractModels of multilateral bargaining predict that agents would vote solely based on the share they are offered and that their vote is determined by whether that share is at least as high as the continuation value (CV) of the game. The standard experiment investigating behavior in multilateral bargaining is not well designed to determine if that is the case. Our experiment makes three changes to the typical design: it introduces substantial variation in the CV (using a within-subjects design and varying the discount factor), it generates variability in offers using computer-generated offers while retaining the equilibrium of the original game, and it uses belief elicitation. These changes allow us to consider whether behavioral voting rules that are independent of the CV or factors besides one’s own share are important to voting decisions. We find that the main determinant of votes is the share one is offered, but that when offers are believed to come from another participant, a proposal is less likely to be approved if the proposer tries to take a lot for himself. Nonetheless, the equilibrium voting rule, which is based on the CV of the game organizes choices better than behavioral rules that are independent of the CV.
Assessment of fistulectomy combined with sphincteroplasty in the treatment of complicated anal fistula
Authors: Anaraki Fakhrolsadat , Etemad Omid , Abdi Elham , Bagherzadeh Gholamreza , Behboo Roubik 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Introduction The ideal method of treating the complex anal fistula is to eradicate the sepsis and preserve the anal sphincter; since there is no definite consensus on the surgical method of treating it. Recent studies show that fistulectomy and immediate sphincteroplasy are a safe and appropriate way to treat the fistula-in-ano. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long term outcomes of fistulectmy and sphincteroplasty in the treatment of complex perianal fistula.
Methods In this prospective study, we have analyzed the data of 80 patients who underwent fistulectomy and sphincteroplasty from May 2013 to May 2016. Preoperative information included physical examination, preoperative fecal incontinence evaluation and taking a complete history about underlying diseases and past related surgeries were collected.
Results Of all 80 patients with complex fistula, 57.5% (46 patients) were male. 70-Patients were presented with high transsphincteric fistula (87.5%) and anterior fistula was diagnosed in 10 of them (12.5%). 9 patients (11.3%) suffered from hypertension and 43 patients (53.75%) had recurrent fistula after previous surgeries. During the follow-up period, the overall success rate was 98.8% (98.8%) and fistulectomy and sphincteroplasty failed in only one patient (failure rate: 1.3%). preoperative and post-operative scoring showed mild fecal incontinence in 8 patients (10%). We have found no significant relation between the age, gender, hypertension, previous surgery and post-operative recurrence.
Conclusion Fistulectomy and sphincteroplasty is a safe surgical procedure in the treatment of anterior anal fistula in females and high transsphincteric fistulas.
Estimating age-time-dependent malaria force of infection accounting for unobserved heterogeneity
Authors: MUGENYI L. , ABRAMS S. , HENS N. 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYDespite well-recognized heterogeneity in malaria transmission, key parameters such as the force of infection (FOI) are generally estimated ignoring the intrinsic variability in individual infection risks. Given the potential impact of heterogeneity on the estimation of the FOI, we estimate this quantity accounting for both observed and unobserved heterogeneity. We used cohort data of children aged 0·5–10 years evaluated for the presence of malaria parasites at three sites in Uganda. Assuming a Susceptible–Infected–Susceptible model, we show how the FOI relates to the point prevalence, enabling the estimation of the FOI by modelling the prevalence using a generalized linear mixed model. We derive bounds for varying parasite clearance distributions. The resulting FOI varies significantly with age and is estimated to be highest among children aged 5–10 years in areas of high and medium malaria transmission and highest in children aged below 1 year in a low transmission setting. Heterogeneity is greater between than within households and it increases with decreasing risk of malaria infection. This suggests that next to the individual's age, heterogeneity in malaria FOI may be attributed to household conditions. When estimating the FOI, accounting for both observed and unobserved heterogeneity in malaria acquisition is important for refining malaria spread models.
Consumption of ultra-processed foods and body fat during childhood and adolescence: a systematic review
Authors: Costa Caroline Santos , Del-Ponte Bianca , Assunção Maria Cecília Formoso , Santos Iná Silva 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo review the available literature on the association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and body fat during childhood and adolescence.DesignA systematic review was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science and LILACS databases. Studies that evaluated the association between consumption of ultra-processed food (exposure) and body fat (outcome) during childhood and adolescence were eligible.SubjectsHealthy children and adolescents.ResultsTwenty-six studies that evaluated groups of ultra-processed foods (such as snacks, fast foods, junk foods and convenience foods) or specific ultra-processed foods (soft drinks/sweetened beverages, sweets, chocolate and ready-to-eat cereals) were selected. Most of the studies (n15) had a cohort design. Consumption was generally evaluated by means of FFQ or food records; and body composition, by means of double indirect methods (bioelectrical impedance analysis and skinfolds). Most of the studies that evaluated consumption of groups of ultra-processed foods and soft drinks/sweetened beverages found positive associations with body fat.ConclusionsOur review showed that most studies have found positive associations between consumption of ultra-processed food and body fat during childhood and adolescence. There is a need to use a standardized classification that considers the level of food processing to promote comparability between studies.
Enhancing a slow and weak optomechanical nonlinearity with delayed quantum feedback
Authors: Wang Zhaoyou , Safavi-Naeini Amir H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA central goal of quantum optics is to generate large interactions between single photons so that one photon can strongly modify the state of another one. In cavity optomechanics, photons interact with the motional degrees of freedom of an optical resonator, for example, by imparting radiation pressure forces on a movable mirror or sensing minute fluctuations in the position of the mirror. Here, we show that the optical nonlinearity arising from these effects, typically too small to operate on single photons, can be sufficiently enhanced with feedback to generate large interactions between single photons. We propose a protocol that allows photons propagating in a waveguide to interact with each other through multiple bounces off an optomechanical system. The protocol is analysed by evolving the full many-body quantum state of the waveguide-coupled system, illustrating that large photon–photon interactions mediated by mechanical motion may be within experimental reach.
Marine viruses discovered via metagenomics shed light on viral strategies throughout the oceans
Authors: Coutinho Felipe H. , Silveira Cynthia B. , Gregoracci Gustavo B. , Thompson Cristiane C. , Edwards Robert A. , Brussaard Corina P. D. , Dutilh Bas E. , Thompson Fabiano L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMarine viruses are key drivers of host diversity, population dynamics and biogeochemical cycling and contribute to the daily flux of billions of tons of organic matter. Despite recent advancements in metagenomics, much of their biodiversity remains uncharacterized. Here we report a data set of 27,346 marine virome contigs that includes 44 complete genomes. These outnumber all currently known phage genomes in marine habitats and include members of previously uncharacterized lineages. We designed a new method for host prediction based on co-occurrence associations that reveals these viruses infect dominant members of the marine microbiome such asProchlorococcusandPelagibacter. A negative association between host abundance and the virus-to-host ratio supports the recently proposed Piggyback-the-Winner model of reduced phage lysis at higher host densities. An analysis of the abundance patterns of viruses throughout the oceans revealed how marine viral communities adapt to various seasonal, temperature and photic regimes according to targeted hosts and the diversity of auxiliary metabolic genes.