bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor hypoxia unveiled: insights into microenvironment, detection tools and emerging therapies
Authors: Ciepła Joanna , Smolarczyk Ryszard 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHypoxia is one of the defining characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in solid cancers. It has a major impact on the growth and spread of malignant cells as well as their resistance to common treatments like radiation and chemotherapy. Here, we explore the complex functions of hypoxia in the TME and investigate its effects on angiogenesis, immunological evasion, and cancer cell metabolism. For prognostic and therapeutic reasons, hypoxia identification is critical, and recent developments in imaging and molecular methods have enhanced our capacity to precisely locate underoxygenated areas inside tumors. Furthermore, targeted therapies that take advantage of hypoxia provide a potential new direction in the treatment of cancer. Therapeutic approaches that specifically target hypoxic conditions in tumors without causing adverse effects are being led by hypoxia-targeted nanocarriers and hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs). This review provides an extensive overview of this dynamic and clinically significant area of oncology research by synthesizing current knowledge about the mechanisms of hypoxia in cancer, highlighting state-of-the-art detection methodologies, and assessing the potential and efficacy of hypoxia-targeted therapies.
Paradigm shift in mechanical system design: toward automated and collaborative design with digital twin web
Authors: Ala-Laurinaho Riku , Autiosalo Juuso , Laine Sampo , Hakonen Urho , Viitala Raine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnalyzing multi-vendor mechanical system designs requires a significant amount of manual work, resulting in a design paradigm where analysis is conducted only after the design is locked and components are selected. This leads to a suboptimal design with compatibility issues, over-dimensioned components, inferior performance, poor energy efficiency, and a lack of collaboration between OEMs (original equipment manufacturers) and system integrators. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes Co-Des (collaborative design) framework for automated and collaborative multi-vendor system design. The framework relies on standardized digital twin documents (DTD) of system designs, components, and analyses. The discoverability and distribution of these DTDs are enabled with digital twin web (DTW). Co-Des framework allows for finding suitable components for the design task by automatically running selected analyses employing component digital twins. In addition, OEMs can provide customized components for system integrators using the initial system design defined in the system design DTD. The use of the Co-Des framework was demonstrated with a windmill powertrain design use case, and the applicability of the automated assembly analysis for component selection was verified with performance measurements. The adoption of the proposed framework will lead to a paradigm shift from manual and siloed work relying on the exchange of PDFs to a more automated and collaborative design of mechanical systems. The adoption rate is defined by the willingness of system integrators to publish their initial system designs and OEMs their components as public digital twins.
GenSynthPop: generating a spatially explicit synthetic population of individuals and households from aggregated data
Authors: de Mooij Jan , Sonnenschein Tabea , Pellegrino Marco , Dastani Mehdi , Ettema Dick , Logan Brian , Verstegen Judith A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSynthetic populations are representations of actual individuals living in a specific area. They play an increasingly important role in studying and modeling individuals and are often used to build agent-based social simulations. Traditional approaches for synthesizing populations use a detailed sample of the population (which may not be available) or combine data into a single joint distribution, and draw individuals or households from these. The latter group of existing sample-free methods fail to integrate (1) the best available data on spatial granular distributions, (2) multi-variable joint distributions, and (3) household level distributions. In this paper, we propose a sample-free approach where synthetic individuals and households directly represent the estimated joint distribution to which attributes are iteratively added, conditioned on previous attributes such that the relative frequencies within each joint group of attributes are maintained and fit granular spatial marginal distributions. In this paper we present our method and test it for the Zuid-West district of The Hague, the Netherlands, showing that spatial, multi-variable and household distributions are accurately reflected in the resulting synthetic population.
Seismic behaviour and design of a tall mixed reinforced concrete–steel structure supporting an oil refinery reactor
Authors: Radaiou Smaragdi , Skalomenos Konstantinos , Papagiannopoulos George 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the seismic behaviour of a special mixed reinforced concrete-steel structure that supports an oil refinery reactor. The structure is 64.90 m tall and consists of three parts: (a) a reinforced concrete frame basement; (b) a steel braced frame that supports the oil reactor and (c) the steel reactor itself. A three-dimensional model of the structure is created to perform static non-linear (pushover) analyses in order to obtain the capacity curves and understand the overall inelastic behavior of the structure. The results of the pushover analyses reveal that the structure exhibits similar inelastic behavior in both horizontal directions and satisfies the capacity design principles. The structure exhibits limited ductility considering the fact that has been designed with a behavior factor of q = 1.5 and primary damages are expected mainly in concrete members. Subsequently, dynamic non-linear time-history (NLTH) analyses are performed utilizing the three translational components of three seismic motions recorded during past earthquakes. These results involve: (i) the maximum values for displacements, accelerations and base shears; (ii) the maximum stresses at critical points of the oil refining reactor and (iii) the formation of plastic hinges at columns, beams and braces of the structure. Contrary to pushover analyses, NLTH analyses revealed the development of plastic hinges, hence seismic damage, that do not follow the desirable formation pattern. Moreover, the accelerations and displacements observed are expected to cause failure of the piping and mechanical equipment, while local failure of the high-stress areas of the shell of the reactor may be possible. Localized strengthening might be necessary to avoid repair works and downtime after such seismic event.
Policy Learning for Many Outcomes of Interest: Combining Optimal Policy Trees with Multi-objective Bayesian Optimisation
Authors: Rehill Patrick , Biddle Nicholas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMethods for learning optimal policies use causal machine learning models to create human-interpretable rules for making choices around the allocation of different policy interventions. However, in realistic policy-making contexts, decision-makers often care about trade-offs between outcomes, not just single-mindedly maximising utility for one outcome. This paper proposes an approach termed Multi-Objective Policy Learning (MOPoL) which combines optimal decision trees for policy learning with a multi-objective Bayesian optimisation approach to explore the trade-off between multiple outcomes. It does this by building a Pareto frontier of non-dominated models for different hyperparameter settings which govern outcome weighting. The method is applied to a real-world case-study of pricing targetting subsididies for anti-malarial medication in Kenya.
Assessing the Impact of the Way of Saint James on Psychological Distress and Subjective Well-being: The Ultreya Study
Authors: Feliu-Soler A. , Royuela-Colomer E. , Navarrete J. , Jørgensen N. N. , Mariño M. , Demarzo M. , Soler J. , García-Campayo J. , Montero-Marín J. , Luciano J. V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the impact of a pilgrimage on the Way of St. James on psychological distress and subjective well-being, and to compare these outcomes with a control group on non-pilgrimage vacations. Additionally, the study explored psychological process variables that may mediate the pilgrimage's beneficial effects. A nonrandomized pretest-posttest design was used, involving 444 pilgrims and 124 controls. Participants completed baseline and post-experience self-reported measures of psychological distress, subjective well-being, and psychological processes (i.e., mindfulness, nonattachment, engaged living). A 3-month follow-up was conducted only in the pilgrim group. Mediation analyses examined psychological processes as potential mediators of pre-post change in the pilgrim group (vs. control). Within-group analyses revealed that the pilgrim group experienced improvements in psychological distress, subjective well-being, and psychological processes immediately post-experience, with most measures sustaining improvement at the 3-month follow-up. Compared to the control group, pilgrims showed significantly greater increases in positive affect, life satisfaction, and valued living, alongside greater reductions in anxiety, depression, and perceived stress. Valued living partially mediated the relationship between pilgrimage and positive affect, and fully mediated the effects on perceived stress, negative affect, life satisfaction, and subjective happiness. Pilgrimage on the Way of St. James effectively reduced psychological distress and enhanced subjective well-being, with greater benefits observed compared to a non-pilgrimage vacation control group. Consistent with the concept of pilgrimage as a transformative experience, significant improvements in valued living were noted, which mediated some of the positive outcomes post-pilgrimage. The Way of St. James may serve as a valuable complementary approach for alleviating distress and promoting well-being. Further studies exploring the effects of this pilgrimage on specific populations and using more robust study designs are warranted.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04141813.
Assessment of isoconversional methods and peak functions for the kinetic analysis of thermogravimetric data and its application to degradation processes of organic phase change materials
Authors: Bayón Rocío , García-Rojas Redlich , Rojas Esther , Rodríguez-García Margarita M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this work, theoretical kinetic curves of both single- and multi-step reaction mechanisms were simulated by using different sets of kinetic parameters. Various isoconversional methods were applied for the kinetic analysis of these curves so that the corresponding activation energy vs. conversion degree curves were obtained and then compared with the energy values used in the simulations. For single-step reaction mechanisms Friedman method resulted to be the most accurate while for multi-step reaction mechanisms, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose and Coats–Redfern methods led to the most accurate estimation of the activation energy. On the other hand, conversion rate curves of different single-step reaction mechanisms were fitted with two kinds of peak functions (normalized Fraser–Suzuki and generalized logistic) so that the relationships between the parameters of these functions and the kinetic parameters used in the simulations were obtained. These relationships were then used in the mathematical deconvolution analysis of conversion rate curves simulated for multi-step reaction mechanisms. In general, the curves resulting from deconvolution fitted quite well the simulated conversion rate curves and the analysis of the resulting single-step reaction curves with Kissinger method led the kinetic parameters close to the ones used in the simulations. Finally, a similar kinetic analysis was applied to experimental thermogravimetric measurements taken both under N2 and air for two phase change materials (PCMs) based on polyethylene glycol, PEG6000 and PEG12000. Activation energy values obtained with isoconversional methods for the measurements under N2, varied from 40 kJ mol−1 at low conversions up to 150 kJ mol−1 at high conversions, whereas for the measurements under air the energy values remained almost constant in the range of 50–75 kJ mol−1. The lower activation energies obtained for the measurements under air are clearly associated with the polymer combustion. The experimental conversion rate curves were deconvoluted with the most appropriate peak functions so that the possible single-step reaction mechanisms occurring in these PCMs were separated and further analyzed with Kissinger method. The activation energies obtained with this method were in good agreement with the values resulting from the isoconversional methods.
Study of thermal behavior and crystallization kinetics of glass microspheres in the Y3Al5O12-Al2O3 system
Authors: Akusevich Alena , Pecušová Beáta , Prnová Anna , Valúchová Jana , Parchovianská Ivana , Parchovianský Milan , Michálková Monika , Švančárek Peter , Klement Róbert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFive types of glass microspheres with alumina and 40–80 mol.% Y3Al5O12 were prepared using solgel Pechini and flame synthesis techniques. Glass thermal behavior was analyzed using DSC/TG, XRD and SEM, and the JMAK model was applied to study crystallization kinetics and determine prevailing mechanisms. All samples, except the one with 80 mol.% YAG, had two exothermic effects in their DSC curves. The first appeared between 937 and 950 °C, while the second was observed between 958 and 1102 °C. XRD analysis of crystallized microspheres confirmed the presence of YAG and various forms of alumina phases in the samples with lower YAG/higher Al2O3 content (40 and 50 mol.%). The sample with the highest YAG content showed the strongest tendency to crystallize in the kinetics study. The value of apparent activation energy (Eapp) of this sample was 987.3 ± 13.0 kJ mol−1. For the remaining samples, the values of Eapp were higher and ranged from 1215.1 ± 10.6 to 1847.5 ± 9.3 kJ mol−1, indicating the lowest ability of these compositions to crystallization. The growth of three-dimensional (3-D) YAG crystals was predominant in glasses with the highest (80 mol.%) YAG content. One-dimensional (1-D) growth of γ-Al2O3 crystals and 3-D growth of YAG crystals was predominant in glasses with the lowest (40 mol.%) YAG content.
Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Tissues of Oreochromis Mossambicus from the uMgeni River and Human Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Lebepe Jeffrey , Selala Mapurunyane C. , Takai Yuki , Maleka Neo M. , Hlatshwayo Sanelisiwe B. S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMetal enrichment in aquatic ecosystems has compromised the potential of fish to enhance food security. The uMgeni River drains urban and industrialized catchment and flows through economically disadvantaged rural communities that opt for fish to supplement their protein needs. However, there are uncertainties on the safety of consuming fish from the uMgeni River. The present study aims to explore metal distribution between the water, sediment, and tissues of the preferred Oreochromis mossambicus, and evaluate whether concentrations in the muscle are safe for human consumption. The water, sediment, and fish samples were collected from Inanda and Nagle dams, and metal concentrations were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Alkaline pH was observed at both dams and metals were below detectable level in the water column. Even though metal concentrations in the water column were below detectable levels, significant concentrations were found in the sediment. No consistent trend in metal concentrations was observed across tissues, but higher levels were generally found in the liver, followed by the gill, and then the muscle. Nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) exhibited concentrations exceeding the permissible limit for human consumption. Similarly, the target hazard quotient exceeded the threshold of 1 for Pb, chromium (Cr), and antimony (Sb) at both dams with Inanda Dam showing higher indices for Sb and Pb. The carcinogenic risk for the three metals was also found to be higher than 10–6. These findings suggest that consumption of O. mossambicus from the uMgeni River should be limited to no more than 150 g per week.
Research on the quality evaluation of crude drugs
Authors: Fuchino Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As crude drugs are natural products, their quality may vary. However, the degradation of the active ingredients in the compositional changes that occur during processing and preparation also affects the medicinal properties of the Kampo formula, which uses herbal medicines; therefore, a detailed investigation of the effects of compositional changes during preparation is required. Plant constituents vary in content depending on the year of cultivation and the plant part; however, detailed studies have rarely been reported for some crude drugs. Liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance/mass spectrometry revealed the degradation process of saponins, which are unstable components of the crude drug “Achyranthes root.” The presence of diterpenes unstable with respect to drying temperature in the leaves of the crude drug “Leonurus herb” was revealed and their structures were elucidated. At the examination stage of the degradation process of perillaldehyde, the characteristic aromatic component of Perilla herb, it was elucidated that some specimens contained a small amount of perillaldehyde and that they contained more α-asarone. A trend toward lower ephedrine content was observed toward the tip of the above-ground branching of the Ephedra herb. Multivariate analysis was also introduced into the quality assessment of crude drugs and was established as a tool to identify bioactive compounds using the component diversity of crude drugs and to elucidate component differences due to the cultivation environment.

Graphic abstract
Maximal extractable value: Current understanding, categorization, and open research questions
Authors: Gramlich Vincent , Jelito Dennis , Sedlmeir Johannes 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn traditional financial markets, front-running is a well-structured phenomenon. It represents a form of privileged actors utilizing knowledge or power advantages to extract undue profit at the cost of other stakeholders. Various mitigation strategies have emerged, ranging from market design to regulatory measures. More recently, a similar and substantially richer variety of means to gain unethical profit from power asymmetries has appeared in the context of blockchain-based decentralized applications. This phenomenon is called “maximal extractable value” (MEV). Despite the decentralized nature and inherent transparency of blockchain ledgers, MEV is particularly prevalent and challenging to mitigate. While related work in computer science and algorithmic game theory has already identified several different ways in which MEV manifests in decentralized finance (DeFi) and outlined partial solution approaches, a discussion of its impacts in the information systems (IS) domain is still absent. A holistic definition of MEV and how it can be exploited is necessary for the discussion of its potential implications for blockchain-based IS for businesses and public institutions. This paper conducts a systematic literature review to close this gap. It consolidates the diverging definitions of MEV and provides a categorization of the different ways in which it can manifest. As such, we synthesize and review the existing state of knowledge on MEV and point to undiscovered areas relevant to decentralized electronic markets in the form of a research agenda.
Model-based assembly process planning for flexible aircraft cabin architectures
Authors: Ghanjaoui Yassine , Satwan Philip , Biedermann Jörn , Nagel Björn 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe configuration and equipment of an aircraft cabin has a significant impact on the passenger’s flight experience. To meet the needs of passengers and improve the flight experience, airlines repeatedly demand customised adaptations to the cabin design. The implementation of these changes requires a high degree of flexibility in production and can lead to difficulties in setting up a fixed final assembly line. In addition, unforeseen events and changes in the OEMs’ supply chain require a rapid response in aircraft production to be able to deliver on time. Digitalisation in product development and production planning makes it possible to overcome these challenges and makes an important contribution to flexibility, time and cost efficiency. This paper presents a digital approach to modelling and flexible planning of assembly processes of the cabin. To this end, aircraft design data is automatically linked to the assembly system to react quickly to design changes in the assembly planning process. The integration is realised in a system architecture model depicted with the systems modelling language (SysML). The architecture model follows the formal process description defined in VDI3682. A planning algorithm then uses the production architecture parameters to optimise the assembly processes, e.g. in terms of time. The approach presented is demonstrated using the example of scheduling the pre-assembly processes of the "crown module". The latter includes all structural and functional components above the window panels, such as overhead bins, electrics and air conditioning. The results show how changes in aircraft and cabin design or in the production plant and resources can be flexibly evaluated. This allows conceptual changes to be evaluated and traded before the cabin design is frozen and transferred to real production. These advantages contribute to the time and cost optimisation of aircraft production. This work thus makes a valuable contribution to the further development of digital solutions in aircraft production.
Hazard Risk Management as a Principal-Agent Problem: A Comparison of Principal- and Agent-Salient Risk Indicators
Authors: Frimpong Eugene , Howard Gregory , Kruse Jamie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We consider the goal of flood risk managers to induce voluntary flood risk mitigation actions from homeowners in at-risk areas by first distinguishing between risk metrics that are salient to policy makers and risk managers (denoted principal-salient) and risk metrics that are salient to homeowners (denoted agent-salient). We derive a single index each for principal- and agent-salient risk, then combine these indices with data on households’ preference for parcel-level flood risk mitigation activities. We estimate choice models to understand how risk indicator type affects homeowner preferences and policy recommendations. Models with agent-salient risk metrics outperform those utilizing principal-salient risk metrics. More importantly, willingness to accept estimates show the two risk measures yield significantly different policy outcomes, with greater agent-salient risk being associated with greater willingness to adopt risk mitigation but no similar relationship existing between principal-salient risk and willingness to adopt risk mitigation. We note that there are important benefits from using both types of metrics when targeting risk mitigation grants.