bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does general anesthesia have a clinical impact on intraocular pressure in children?
Authors: Termühlen Julia , Gottschalk Antje , Eter Nicole , Hoffmann Esther M. , Van Aken Hugo , Grenzebach Ulrike , Prokosch Verena 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundReliable measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) is crucial in pediatric patients with suspected glaucoma. General anesthesia (GA) is usually needed in infants to allow a thorough examination. However, anesthesia itself may influence IOP, depending on the type used and the depth of sedation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the normal distribution of IOP during GA in healthy children and to analyze differences in IOP relative to the anesthetics used and the measurement time point.MethodsApproval for this observational study was received from the local institutional review boards and written informed consent was obtained from the children's parents. A total of 100 pediatric patients with no history of glaucoma scheduled for nonintraocular surgery underwent general anesthesia, induced with sevoflurane (s) or propofol (p) and maintained with either sevoflurane with remifentanil (S) or propofol with remifentanil (P). The patients were grouped to one of four subgroups (sS, sP, pP, pS) depending on the anesthetics used during induction and maintenance. Hemodynamic parameters and IOP were measured in both eyes at four defined time points: before anesthesia induction (M1); in apnea immediately after induction and before insertion of a laryngeal mask airway (M2); in deep anesthesia during mechanical ventilation (M3); and after extubation (M4), using a handheld Perkins applanation tonometer. Differences in IOP in both eyes during the measurement periods were analyzed using multivariate repeated‐measures analysis of variance and Tukey‐HSD as a posthoc test with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate further relationships between heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and IOP.ResultsGeneral anesthesia reduced IOP significantly. The mean IOP was normally distributed, with a mean of 7.4 ± 2.89 mmHg at M1. It decreased significantly to a minimum of 5.6 ± 3.04 mmHg (P < 0.01) at M2 and increased significantly to 7.2 ± 2.51 mmHg (P < 0.01) at M3 and again to 8.4 ± 3.72 mmHg (P = 0.03) at M4. All four subgroups (sS, sP, pP, pS) showed comparable decreases in IOP between M1 and M2. During deep anesthesia (M3) and during reversal (M4), the IOP increased again in all groups. During reversal (M4), however, the sS group had a significantly lower IOP than the pP group (P = 0.001) and sP group (P = 0.02). There were no correlations between changes in IOP and gender, age, or type of surgery.ConclusionsSevoflurane and propofol, both in combination with remifentanil, significantly lower IOP in children. Individual IOP levels rise and fall during anesthesia, depending on the time point of measurement. The lowest IOP can be measured immediately after induction of anesthesia. This needs to be taken into account when measuring IOP in children.
Stellate Ganglion Block for Debilitating Photophobia Secondary to Trigeminal, Postherpetic Neuralgia
Authors: Sinofsky Alexander , Sharma Tushar , Wright Thelma 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe primary objective of this case report was to demonstrate the therapeutic benefit of stellate ganglion block in trigeminal postherpetic neuralgia.MethodsThis was a case report on a single patient who presented with debilitating photophobia secondary to left‐sided trigeminal postherpetic neuralgia. A left‐sided stellate ganglion block was performed on the patient under fluoroscopic guidance. The primary endpoints were VAS pain scores and changes in functional capacity.ResultsThe patient demonstrated significant reduction in her VAS pain score and improved functional capacity for approximately 6 months after the intervention. This case report provides evidence that sympathectomy via a stellate ganglion block can treat photophobia secondary to postherpetic neuralgia in the V1 distribution.
Effect of cognitive behavioral group therapy for recovery of self‐esteem on community‐living individuals with mental illness: Non‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kunikata Hiroko , Yoshinaga Naoki , Nakajima Kazuo 
Published: July 2016

AimThe aim of this study was to examine over a 12‐month post‐intervention period whether the participation of community‐living individuals with mental illness in cognitive behavioral group therapy for recovery of self‐esteem (CBGTRS) resulted in improved outcomes.MethodsThis was a non‐randomized controlled trial. The participants were persons with mental illness who resided in communities in the Chugoku region of Japan. In total, 41 were assigned to an experimental group (CBGTRS intervention, 12 group sessions), and 21 to a control group. Outcome indices (self‐esteem, moods, cognition, subjective well‐being, psychiatric symptoms) were measured for the experimental group prior to intervention (T0), immediately post‐intervention (T1), and at 3 (T2) and 12 (T3) months post‐intervention. The control group was measured at the same intervals.ResultsFor the experimental group, self‐esteem scores at T1, T2, and T3 were significantly higher than at T0. Moods and cognition scores remained significantly low until T2. Scores for Inadequate Mental Mastery in the subjective well‐being index had not decreased by T3. Confidence in Coping remained significantly high until T2. Psychiatric symptoms scores at T0, T1, T2, and T3 were significantly lower than at T0. The means and standard errors for self‐esteem and Inadequate Mental Mastery increased until T3, and those for Tension‐Anxiety, Depression‐Dejection, and Confusion decreased until T2.ConclusionFrom within‐group trends and between‐group differences in self‐esteem, we conclude that CBGTRS may have a relatively long‐term effect on self‐esteem recovery. T2 is the turning point for moods and cognition; thus, follow‐up is needed 3 months following the initial program.
Non‐invasive measurement of cardiac output using AESCULON® mini after Fontan operation
Authors: Yoshitake Shuichi , Miyamoto Takashi , Tanaka Yuki , Naito Yuji 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundElectrical velocimetry correlates well with established methods of measuring cardiac output (CO) such as thermodilution and echocardiography. In this study, we compared the cardiac function of children with single right ventricle (SRV) and single left ventricle (SLV) on non‐invasive postoperative measurement of hemodynamic parameters using AESCULON® mini.MethodsDemographic, preoperative, and perioperative data were obtained from medical records. We retrospectively reviewed the AESCULON mini data of 21 patients with single ventricle who underwent Fontan operation. The patients were divided into two groups according to morphologic diagnosis: SRV (n = 9) and SLV (n = 12). The following hemodynamic parameters were analyzed: stroke volume (SV); CO; cardiac index (CI); stroke volume variation (SVV); and ventricular ejection time (VET).ResultsHemodynamic parameters were as follows (SRV vs SLV): heart rate (HR), 140.5 beats/min versus 121 beats/min; SV, 14.5 mL vs 19.9 mL; CO, 2 L/min vs 2.3 L/min; CI, 4.3 L/min/m2 versus 4.4 L/min/m2; SVV, 15.5% versus 13.9%; and VET, 167.7 s versus 197.7 s. HR and VET were statistically different between the two groups.ConclusionsCI does not differ with laterality of the single ventricle. SRV VET, however, was significantly shorter than SLV VET in the acute postoperative period. Conversely, SRV HR was higher than SLV HR, which may mean that SRV compensates for lower VET by increasing HR.
Romantic and dating behaviors among single parents in the United States
Authors: GRAY PETER B. , FRANCO CAROL Y. , GARCIA JUSTIN R. , GESSELMAN AMANDA N. , FISHER HELEN E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLittle research has focused on the dating attitudes and behaviors of singles with dependent‐age children. Using data collected from a nationally representative U.S. probability sample of single adults, we provide findings on dating attitudes and behaviors among 747 single parents in the United States, aged 21 years and older, who had one or more children under the age of 18 years. Findings show gender differences between single men and single women concerning how they balance being a single parent and make time for dating. Both single fathers and single mothers considered their child's opinion about their dating life, and most parents involved their child(ren) once they knew they wanted or had established a committed romantic relationship with a new partner.
The green‐eyed monster: Mate value, relational uncertainty, and jealousy in romantic relationships
Authors: REDLICK MADELEINE 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study drew on theories of evolutionary psychology to explore whether mate value discrepancy (MVD) would be associated with relational uncertainty (and its subconstructs) and if relative mate value (RMV) would moderate these associations, such that they would only be significant for lower value mates. Additionally, this article sought to examine whether relational uncertainty would partially mediate an association between MVD and jealousy, also moderated by RMV. Participants recruited from a large Southwestern university (N = 334) completed a survey containing measures to establish MVD, relational uncertainty, and jealousy. MVD was significantly positively associated with relational uncertainty and each of its subconstructs. Relational uncertainty partially mediated the association between MVD and jealousy, although moderation was not supported in any hypotheses.
Freshwater population of Ulva flexuosa (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) as a food source for great pond snail: Lymnaea stagnalis (Mollusca, Lymnaeidae)
Authors: Rybak Andrzej Stanisław 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYCosmopolitan species of the genus Ulva (Ulvaceae; Chlorophyta) that populate the littoral zone of marine habitats constitute a staple diet for a variety of organisms, particularly snails, shellfish, polychaetes, and birds. Occurrence of Ulva species (e.g., U. flexuosa and U
. prolifera) has also been observed in freshwater inland ecosystems that have no contact with saline water. However, the influence of the development of macroalgal mats of Ulva on indigenous organisms in limnic ecosystems has not been established. This study investigates the trophic relationships between Ulva flexuosa and one species of snail from freshwater habitats in central Europe. During the summer, the great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) consumed Ulva as a source of nutrition even when other algae and plants were available. Lymnaea stagnalis consumed an average of 100 mg of Ulva thalli per day. This level of biomass exceeded the consumption of an alternative food source, the shoots of Elodea canadensis. Ulva thalli are more actively consumed by great pond snails than Elodea shoots, and this is expressed in terms of the differences of biomass consumption. It was also observed that the interior of the monostromatic tubular thalli of Ulva flexuosa serves as a protective shelter for juvenile great pond snails.
Evaluation of topsoil inversion inU.K.habitat creation and restoration schemes
Authors: Glen Emma , Price Elizabeth A. C. , Caporn Simon J. M. , Carroll Jacky A. , Jones Laurence M. , Scott Richard 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHabitat creation and restoration schemes on former agricultural soils can be constrained by high residual soil fertility, a weedy seed bank, and a lack of suitable species in the seed rain. Topsoil inversion has been trialled across the United Kingdom as a novel technique to address these constraints. We investigated 15 topsoil inversion sites ranging in age (time since inversion) from 6 months to 5 years. We assessed surface soil fertility compared to adjacent noninverted soil, and vegetation composition with respect to the species introduced at each site. Soil organic matter, total and extractable N and P were lower in topsoil inversion surface soils, demonstrating that topsoil inversion can successfully reduce surface soil fertility prior to habitat creation and restoration. This reduction was maintained over the timescale of this study (5 years). Cornfield annual nurse crops provided instant visual appeal and gave way to grassland species over time. Sown species varied widely in their establishment success, and sowings were more successful than plug plantings. Grasses colonized naturally following sowing forb‐only seed mixes, allowing introduced forbs to establish early on with reduced competition from the seed bank. Plant communities did not yet resemble seminatural communities, but all were in the early stages of community development. Results indicate that topsoil inversion can successfully lower surface soil fertility and reduce competition between sown species and agricultural weeds.
Availability and function of arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi during revegetation of dewatered reservoirs left after dam removal
Authors: Cortese Andrew M. , Bunn Rebecca A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRevegetation following dam removal projects may depend on recovery of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal communities, which perform valuable ecosystem functions. This study assessed the availability and function of AM and EM fungi for plants colonizing dewatered reservoirs following a dam removal project on the Elwha River, Olympic Peninsula, Washington, United States. Availability was assessed via AM fungal spore density in soils and EM root tip colonization of Salix sitchensis (Sitka willow) in an observational field study. The effect of mycorrhizal fungi from 4 sources (reservoir soils, commercial inoculum, and 2 mature plant community soils) on growth and nutrient status of S. sitchensis was quantified in a greenhouse study. AM fungal spores and EM root tips were present in all field samples. In the greenhouse, plants receiving reservoir soil inoculum had only incipient mantle formation, while plants receiving inoculum from mature plant communities had fully formed EM root tips. EM formation corresponded with alleviation of phosphorus stress in plants (lower shoot nitrogen:phosphorus). Thus, revegetating plants have access to AM and EM fungi following dam removal, and EM formation may be especially important for plant P uptake in reservoir soils. However, availability of mycorrhizal fungi declines with distance from established plant communities. Furthermore, EM fungal communities in recently dewatered reservoirs may not be as effective at forming beneficial mycorrhizae as those from mature plant communities. Whole soil inoculum from mature plant communities may be important for the success of revegetating plants and recovery of mycorrhizal fungal communities.
Transformation, partitioning and flow–deposit interactions during the run‐out of megaflows
Authors: Fallgatter Claus , Kneller Ben , Paim Paulo S. G. , Milana Juan P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFour megabeds (I to IV) were recognized throughout the Cerro Bola inlier, a glacially influenced depositional area of the Carboniferous Paganzo Basin, south‐western La Rioja Province, Argentina. Such anomalous thick beds are associated with the collapse of an unstable basin margin after periods of large meltwater discharge and sediment accumulation. Failure of these previously deposited sediments triggered mass flows and associated turbidity currents into the basin. Megabed I is up to 188 m thick and was deposited during a transgressive stage by re‐sedimentation of ice‐rafted debris. Also part of the transgressive stage, Megabeds II, III and IV are up to 9 m thick and are associated with a dropstone‐free period of flooding. Megabeds were subdivided into three divisions (1 to 3) that represent a spectrum of flow properties and rheologies, indicative of a wide range of grain support mechanisms. These divisions are proposed as an idealized deposit that may or may not be completely present; the Cerro Bola megabeds thus display bipartite or tripartite organization, each division inferred to reflect a rheologically distinct phase of flow. Division 1 is a basal layer that consists of clast‐supported and matrix‐supported, pebble conglomerate, rarely followed by weak normally graded to ungraded, very coarse‐ to coarse‐grained sandstone. This lower interval is interpreted to be the deposit of a concentrated density flow and is absent in bipartite megabeds. Division 2 is represented by a mud‐rich sandstone matrix with dispersed granule to pebble‐size crystalline and mudstone clasts. It also includes fragments of sandstone up to boulder size, as well as rafts of cohesive muddy material and wood fragments. Division 2 is interpreted to be a result of debris‐flow deposition. A debrite‐related topography, resulting from the freezing of high yield strength material, captures and partially confines the succeeding upper division 3, which fills the topographic lows and pinches out against topographic highs. Division 3 is rich in mudstone chips and consists of very coarse‐grained, dirty sandstones grading upward to siltstones and mudstones. It is interpreted to be a deposit of a co‐genetic turbidity current. Spectral gamma ray and petrographic analyses indicate that both debrite and co‐genetic turbidite have high depositional mud content and are of similar composition. One of the megabeds is correlated with an initial slump‐derived debris flow, which suggests that the mass flow becomes partitioned both at the top, generating a co‐genetic turbidity current and, at the base, segregating into a concentrated density flow that seems to behave as a gravelly traction carpet.
Isolation of protein complexes from the model legume Medicago truncatula by tandem affinity purification in hairy root cultures
Authors: Goossens Jonas , De Geyter Nathan , Walton Alan , Eeckhout Dominique , Mertens Jan , Pollier Jacob , Fiallos‐Jurado Jennifer , De Keyser Annick , De Clercq Rebecca , Van Leene Jelle , Gevaert Kris , De Jaeger Geert , Goormachtig Sofie , Goossens Alain 
Published: July 2016

SummaryTandem affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry (TAP‐MS) is one of the most powerful techniques to isolate protein complexes and elucidate protein interaction networks. Here, we describe the development of a TAP‐MS strategy for the model legume Medicago truncatula, which is widely studied for its ability to produce valuable natural products and to engage in endosymbiotic interactions. As biological material, transgenic hairy roots, generated through Agrobacterium rhizogenes‐mediated transformation of M. truncatula seedlings, were used. As proof of concept, proteins involved in the cell cycle, transcript processing and jasmonate signalling were chosen as bait proteins, resulting in a list of putative interactors, many of which confirm the interologue concept of protein interactions, and which can contribute to biological information about the functioning of these bait proteins in planta. Subsequently, binary protein–protein interactions among baits and preys, and among preys were confirmed by a systematic yeast two‐hybrid screen. Together, by establishing a M. truncatula TAP‐MS platform, we extended the molecular toolbox of this model species.
Canine eosinophilic granuloma of the digits treated with prednisolone and chlorambucil
Authors: Knight Evie C. , Shipstone Michael A. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundCanine eosinophilic granuloma (CEG) is an uncommon disease. Lesions are typically located in the oral cavity and other cutaneous sites, but are rarely reported to affect the digits. The majority of cases are treated with prednisolone as a monotherapy; alternative treatment options include corticosteroids administered in combination with azathioprine, antihistamines, electrochemotherapy with bleomycin, and surgical resection. Neither chlorambucil nor laser previously have been reported as treatments.ObjectivesTo describe an alternative therapy for treatment of CEG; using chlorambucil in combination with prednisolone for those cases that fail to respond to prednisolone alone. The new treatment was chosen according to good clinical practice and after owner consent.AnimalsTwo client owned dogs.MethodsOne case was initially treated with carbon dioxide laser to debulk the lesions. Both cases were treated with a combination of oral prednisolone and chlorambucil.ResultsBoth dogs experienced rapid resolution of lesions with prednisolone and chlorambucil therapy. Case 1 remained in remission three months after withdrawing medication. Case 2 experienced relapse 10 weeks after discontinuing therapy but was well controlled on maintenance prednisolone with chlorambucil at low, well tolerated doses.Conclusions and clinical importanceAlthough CEG appears to be an uncommon disease, it should be included as a differential diagnosis for dermal, nodular lesions affecting the digits. Chlorambucil appears to be an effective and well tolerated prednisolone sparing agent for treatment of CEG. Carbon dioxide laser ablation appears to be an effective method of debulking CEGs.
The splanchnic anti‐inflammatory pathway: could it be the efferent arm of the inflammatory reflex?
Authors: Martelli D. , Farmer D. G. S. , Yao S. T. 
Published: July 2016

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
We review the current literature on the neural reflex termed the ‘inflammatory reflex’ that inhibits an excessive release of inflammatory mediators in response to an immune challenge.
What advances does it highlight?
The original model proposed that the inflammatory reflex is a vago‐vagal reflex that controls immune function. We posit that, in the endotoxaemic animal model, the vagus nerves do not appear to play a role. The evidence suggests that the efferent motor pathway, termed here the ‘splanchnic anti‐inflammatory pathway’, is purely sympathetic, travelling via the greater splanchnic nerves to regulate the ensuing inflammatory response to immune challenges.
Exposure to immune challenges results in the development of inflammation. An insufficient inflammatory response can be life‐threatening, whereas an exaggerated response is also detrimental because it causes tissue damage and, in extreme cases, septic shock that can lead to death. Hence, inflammation must be finely regulated. It is generally accepted that the brain inhibits inflammation induced by an immune challenge in two main ways: humorally, by activating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis to release glucocorticoids; and neurally, via a mechanism that has been termed the ‘inflammatory reflex’. The efferent arm of this reflex (the neural‐to‐immune link) was thought to be the ‘cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway’. Here, we discuss data that support the hypothesis that the vagus nerves play no role in the control of inflammation in the endotoxaemic animal model. We have shown and posit that it is the greater splanchnic nerves that are activated in response to the immune challenge and that, in turn, drive postganglionic sympathetic neurons to inhibit inflammation.