bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From spermatogonia to spermatozoa: Filling gaps in andrology at the 16th Network of Young Researchers in Andrology meeting
Authors: Delgouffe Emily , Paturlanne Juan Manuel , Kovacevic Andjela , Keselj Isidora , Ammar Omar , Gaikwad Avinash S. , Saritas Gülizar , Egeberg Dorte , Marcu Daniel , de la Iglesia Alberto 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe 16th Network of Young Researchers in Andrology meeting, hosted at the Sleepwell Hostel in Brussels, Belgium, was the first Network of Young Researchers in Andrology meeting as the young arm of the European Academy of Andrology. Over three days, this vibrant event provided a valuable platform for early‐career researchers in andrology to present and discuss their research. With 41 attendees from 12 different countries, the meeting featured a diverse scientific program including keynote lectures from six world‐leading experts, covering a broad range of topics in andrology. The 16th Network of Young Researchers in Andrology meeting showcased advancements in fertility preservation, single‐cell applications, in vitro testis modeling, and epigenetics. Networking opportunities were a key highlight, featuring a scientific speed‐dating session and a networking dinner designed to foster meaningful connections and collaborations among participants. The meeting concluded with a workshop on the science of sleep, offering attendees practical strategies to enhance their rest and well‐being. Overall, the 16th Network of Young Researchers in Andrology meeting significantly advanced the audience's knowledge, strengthened the network of young researchers, and underlined Network of Young Researchers in Andrology's commitment to supporting and collaborating with emerging scientists in the andrology community.
How Social Media Social Comparison Influences Chinese Adolescents' Flourishing: The Mediation Effects of Identity Processing Styles
Authors: Guo Sijia , Lei Junan , Zhang Fan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe pervasive use of social media among adolescents has been linked to various aspects of their development, encompassing both beneficial and detrimental effects. However, the precise mechanisms through which social media influences adolescent development remain underexplored. This study seeks to elucidate the associations between social media use and the flourishing of Chinese adolescents, employing a strength‐based perspective that integrates social comparison theory and identity theory. In this research, 786 Chinese adolescents aged 11–19 years participated by completing self‐report questionnaires. Findings suggest that (1) neither social comparisons of ability nor opinions on social media exhibit any significant correlation with the flourishing of Chinese adolescents; (2) a diffuse‐avoidant identity processing style is inversely related to adolescent flourishing, whereas normative and informational identity processing styles are predictive of Chinese adolescents' flourishing; and (3) informational identity processing style positively mediates the relationship between social comparisons of opinion on social media and the flourishing of Chinese adolescents. These results underscore the importance of factors such as social comparison tendencies and personal identity processing styles in influencing adolescent well‐being in the context of social media use. Furthermore, the discussion delves into the implications of these findings for fostering adolescent flourishing.
Intraoperative Mean Arterial Pressure and Postoperative Delayed Graft Function in Kidney Transplantation: Evaluating Three Commonly Used Thresholds
Authors: Pongpruksa Chinnarat , Khampitak Nutchanok , Chang Drew , Bunnapradist Suphamai , Gritsch Hans , Xia Victor W. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDelayed graft function (DGF) is a common early complication after kidney transplantation (KT) and is associated with various long‐term adverse outcomes. Despite numerous studies on hemodynamic management, the optimal hemodynamic goals during KT remain unclear. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate if three mean artery pressure (MAP) thresholds (≤75, 80, and 85 mmHg) that were commonly used in clinical practice were associated with DGF in adult patients undergoing KT.MethodsWe extracted de‐identified data on adult patients who underwent deceased donor KT from our Discovery Data Repository. DGF was defined as the requirement for dialysis within the first 7 days after transplantation. Three MAP thresholds (≤75, 80, and 85 mmHg) and the duration of pressure below the three thresholds were recorded. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to identify risk factors for DGF.ResultsWe included 2301 adult KT patients. The mean age was 52.5±12.9 years and 59% were male. DGF occurred in 1066 patients (46.3%). Patients frequently experienced MAP ≤75, 80, and 85 mmHg (approximately 70%, 80%, and 90% of patients experienced 10 min of MAP ≤75, 80, and 85 mmHg, respectively). Patients with DGF spent significantly longer durations below the three MAP thresholds during surgery compared with those without DGF. Further analysis revealed that the minimal time spent on MAP ≤75, 80, and 85 mmHg that were significantly associated with DGF were 6, 23, and 37 min, respectively. After adjusting for non‐hemodynamic risk factors (age, basiliximab administration, and urine output), prolonged exposure to the three MAP thresholds remained significant predictors for DGF (for MAP ≤75 mmHg, OR 1.257, 95% CI 1.017–1.554, p = 0.034; MAP ≤80 mmHg, OR 1.220, 95% CI 1.018–1.463, p = 0.031; MAP ≤85 mmHg, OR 1.253, 95% CI 1.048–1.498, p = 0.013).ConclusionProlonged exposure to the three common MAP thresholds (≤75, 80, and 85 mmHg) occurred frequently during adult deceased donor KT and was associated with DGF.
Impact of putatively beneficial genomic loci on gene expression in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus, Le Conte, 1831) affected by white‐nose syndrome
Authors: Kwait Robert , Pinsky Malin L. , Gignoux‐Wolfsohn Sarah , Eskew Evan A. , Kerwin Kathleen , Maslo Brooke 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGenome‐wide scans for selection have become a popular tool for investigating evolutionary responses in wildlife to emerging diseases. However, genome scans are susceptible to false positives and do little to demonstrate specific mechanisms by which loci impact survival. Linking putatively resistant genotypes to observable phenotypes increases confidence in genome scan results and provides evidence of survival mechanisms that can guide conservation and management efforts. Here we used an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis to uncover relationships between gene expression and alleles associated with the survival of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) despite infection with the causative agent of white‐nose syndrome. We found that 25 of the 63 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with survival were related to gene expression in wing tissue. The differentially expressed genes have functional annotations associated with the innate immune system, metabolism, circadian rhythms, and the cellular response to stress. In addition, we observed differential expression of multiple genes with survival implications related to loci in linkage disequilibrium with focal SNPs. Together, these findings support the selective function of these loci and suggest that part of the mechanism driving survival may be the alteration of immune and other responses in epithelial tissue.
Nonconforming Preferences: Jumbo Mortgage Lending and Large Bank Stress Tests
Authors: HAUGHWOUT ANDREW , MORGAN DONALD , NEUBAUER MICHAEL , PINKOVSKIY MAXIM , KLAAUW WILBERT VAN DER 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe document a substantial shift toward nonconforming (“jumbo”) mortgage lending by banks subject to Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) stress tests. Using two measures of this jumbo shift and difference‐in‐difference analysis, we show that jumbos as a share of all mortgage originations by CCAR banks rose and that their originations were less “bunched” just below the conforming loan limit. We explore several potential mechanisms that might explain CCAR banks' increased preference for jumbo with varying degrees of support. Our evidence is most consistent with the hypothesis that CCAR banks were attracted to the relatively lower credit risk of jumbo mortgages.
Melatonin Attenuates Diabetic Retinopathy by Regulating EndMT of Retinal Vascular Endothelial Cells via Inhibiting the HDAC7/FOXO1/ZEB1 Axis
Authors: Ning Jiayi , Pan Minghong , Yang Hanyi , Wang Zhaoyang , Wang Xiaolan , Guo Kai , Feng Yingtong , Xie Tingke , Chen Yixuan , Chen Chengming , Liu Sida , Zhang Yimeng , Wang Yuanyong , Yan Xiaolong , Han Jing 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized as a microvascular disease. Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) presents with alterations in retinal blood flow and vascular permeability, thickening of the basement membrane, loss of pericytes, and formation of acellular capillaries. Endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT) of retinal microvessels may play a critical role in advancing NPDR. Melatonin, a hormone primarily secreted by the pineal gland, is a promising therapeutic for DR. This study explored the EndMT in retinal microvessels of NPDR and its related mechanisms. The effect of melatonin on the retina of diabetic rats was evaluated by electroretinogram (ERG) and histopathologic slide staining. Furthermore, the effect of melatonin on human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) was detected by EdU incorporation assay, scratch assay, transwell assay, and tube formation test. Techniques such as RNA‐sequencing, overexpression or knockdown of target genes, extraction of cytoplasmic and nuclear protein, co‐immunoprecipitation (co‐IP), and multiplex immunofluorescence facilitated the exploration of the mechanisms involved. Our findings reveal, for the first time, that melatonin attenuates diabetic retinopathy by regulating EndMT of retinal vascular endothelial cells via inhibiting the HDAC7/FOXO1/ZEB1 axis. Collectively, these results suggest that melatonin holds potential as a therapeutic strategy to reduce retinal vascular damage and protect vision in NPDR.
Sleep characteristics and self‐reported sleep quality in the oldest‐old: Results from a prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Saner Hugo , Möri Kevin , Schütz Narayan , Buluschek Philipp , Nef Tobias 
Published: September 2024

SummaryLittle is known about the correlation between subjective perception and objective measures of sleep quality in particular in the oldest‐old. The aim of this study was to perform longitudinal home sleep monitoring in this age group, and to correlate results with self‐reported sleep quality. This is a prospective longitudinal home sleep‐monitoring study in 12 oldest‐old persons (age 83–100 years, mean 93 years, 10 females) without serious sleep disorders over 1 month using a contactless piezoelectric bed sensor (EMFIT QS). Participants provided daily information about perceived sleep. Duration in bed: 264–639 min (M = 476 min, SD = 94 min); sleep duration: 239–561 min (M = 418 min, SD = 91 min); sleep efficiency: 83.9%–90.7% (M = 87.4%, SD = 5.0%); rapid eye movement sleep: 21.1%–29.0% (M = 24.9%, SD = 5.5%); deep sleep: 13.3%–19.6% (M = 16.8%, SD = 4.5%). All but one participant showed a weak (r = 0.2–0.39) or very weak (r = 0–0.19) positive or negative correlation between self‐rated sleep quality and the sleep score. In conclusion, longitudinal sleep monitoring in the home of elderly people by a contactless piezoelectric sensor system is feasible and well accepted. Subjective perception of sleep quality does not correlate well with objective measures in our study. Our findings may help to develop new approaches to sleep problems in the oldest‐old including home monitoring. Further studies are needed to explore the full potential of this approach.
Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Residues, and Withdrawal Times of Florfenicol in Chukar Partridges (Alectoris chukar)
Authors: Yardimci Sara Busra , Sakin Fatih , Corum Orhan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine after a single (30 mg/kg) intravenous (IV) and oral administration of florfenicol in chukar partridges. It also aimed to investigate tissue residue and withdrawal time of florfenicol after multiple‐dose (30 mg/kg, every 24 h for 5 days) oral administration. The research was carried out in two stages: pharmacokinetics and residue. Plasma and tissue concentrations of florfenicol and florfenicol amine were determined by HPLC. The elimination half‐life of florfenicol was 5.25 h for IV and 5.44 h for oral. The volume of distribution at a steady state and total body clearance of florfenicol were 0.38 L/kg and 0.07 L/h/kg, respectively, after IV administration. The peak plasma concentration and bioavailability for oral administration were 45.26 ± 4.06 and 51.55%, respectively. After multiple‐dose oral administration, the highest concentration was detected in the liver (9.21 μg/g) for florfenicol and in the kidney (0.67 μg/g) for florfeniol amine. The calculated withdrawal period of florfenicol was determined as 6, 3, 4, and 5 days for muscle, liver, kidney, and skin + fat, respectively. These data indicate that a 6‐day WT after multiple‐dose administration of florfenicol in chukar partridges can be considered safe for human consumption.
Response inhibition deficits in math‐anxious individuals
Authors: Núñez‐Peña María Isabel , Campos‐Rodríguez Carlos 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe examined whether math anxiety is related to a response inhibition deficit and, if so, whether it is a domain‐specific inhibition deficit in numerical tasks or a general inhibition deficit. Behavioral performance and electroencephalogram activity were recorded while 28 highly math–anxious (HMA) and 28 low math–anxious (LMA) individuals performed both a numerical and a non‐numerical Go/Nogo task. In the numerical task, single‐digit numbers were presented, and participants were asked to press a button if the number was even. In the non‐numerical task, letters were presented, and the button had to be pressed if the letter was a vowel. Nogo trials were answered less accurately and elicited larger Nogo‐N2 and Nogo‐P3 than Go trials in both tasks and both groups. Importantly, behavioral and brain response differences between tasks were only found in the HMA group. First, they were more error‐prone in numerical Nogo than in non‐numerical Nogo trials; and second, their Nogo‐N2 and N2d (Nogo–Go difference) were smaller in the numerical task than in the non‐numerical task. No differences were found in the LMA group. These results suggest that HMA individuals’ response inhibition is impaired specifically when dealing with numbers, which could contribute to their low achievement in math tasks.
Mechanisms of pacemaking in mammalian neurons
Authors: Bean Bruce P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMany neurons in the mammalian brain show pacemaking activity: rhythmic generation of action potentials in the absence of sensory or synaptic input. Slow pacemaking of neurons releasing modulatory transmitters is easy to rationalize. More surprisingly, many neurons in the motor system also show pacemaking activity, often rapid, including cerebellar Purkinje neurons that fire spontaneously at 20–100 Hz, as well as key neurons in the basal ganglia, including subthalamic nucleus neurons and globus pallidus neurons. Although the spontaneous rhythmic firing of pacemaking neurons is phenomenologically similar to cardiac pacemaking, the underlying ionic mechanism in most neurons is quite different than for cardiac pacemaking. Few spontaneously active neurons rely on HCN ‘pacemaker’ channels for their activity. Most commonly, a central element is ‘persistent’ sodium current, steady‐state subthreshold current carried by the same voltage‐dependent sodium channels that underlie fast action potentials. Persistent sodium current is a steeply voltage‐dependent current with a midpoint near −60 mV, which results in regenerative spontaneous depolarization once it produces a net inward current when summed with all other background currents, often at voltages as negative as −70 mV. This ‘engine’ of pacemaking is present in almost all neurons and must be held in check in non‐pacemaking neurons by sufficiently large competing outward currents from background potassium channels. The intrinsic propensity of neurons to fire spontaneously underlies key normal functions such as respiration and generates the complex background oscillatory circuits revealed in EEGs, but can also produce out‐of‐control oscillations of overall brain function in epilepsy, ataxia and tremor.
image
An Experimental and Modeling Study on Device- and System-Level Two-Phase Cooling for High-Heat-Flux Application
Authors: Feng Zhaozan , Song Guomeng , Xia Fan , Liu Bin , Yang Jinfeng , He Kai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A multi-microchannel two-phase cold plate made of copper is tested for temperature rise and flow resistance to verify its feasibility for heat dissipation in high-heat-flux devices such as GPU, as well as programmed with EES (Engineering Equation Solver) to predict its temperature profile and pressure drop across the device. The microchannel cold plate has a channel height of 3mm, a channel width of 0.3mm, a fin thickness of 0.2mm, a total width of 50mm, and a total length of 60mm. The 3D model of the cold plate and heat source was imported into COMSOL to complete the three dimensional heat conduction analysis based on the convective flux boundary conditions calculated with EES. Through correlation-based EES coding for thermal and hydraulic behaviors in the cold plate, the heat transfer and flow resistance have been predicted very well. Among the components of the overall pressure drop across the cold plate, the local two phase flow resistances, especially the abrupt bend and restriction of the outlet, play an extremely vital role. Moreover, the adiabatic pressure drop between the micro-channel cold plate and condenser is proved to be a key factor that affects the working pressure or saturation fluid temperature in the cold plate, which in turn determines the temperature rise of the cold plate over the atmosphere. This study provides not only a feasibility analysis for the high-heat-flux cooling solution, but also a reliable and easy-to-use tool for predicting multi-microchannel cooling device and system.
Numerical and Experimental Study on Fluid-Structure Interactions in the Oscillating Flow in a Microfluidic Device
Authors: Hou Tuo , Wang Jing , Ren Yong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Microcapsules, sized 1–1000 μm, offer a core-shell structure for encapsulating diverse substances, crucial in drug delivery and various applications. This work explores microcapsule deformation in microchannels with oscillating walls, utilizing a front-tracking-based 2D membrane model for Poiseuille flow. The microcapsules are created using a needle-based device, and the shell is made of a high-precision PLA bio-based resin, encapsulating the liquid core. The microcapsules are subjected to parallel plate compression experiments to assess their mechanical properties. Numerical simulations of the compression experiment are conducted, showing stress distribution within the capsule shell. A front-tracking-based 2D membrane model was applied to investigate the deformation of the microcapsule with a thin membrane shell and a liquid core in the Poiseuille flow. The microcapsules are further tested in an oscillating microchannel under different frequencies.
An Enhanced Volume of Fluid Based Numerical Modelling Approach for Sub-Micron Scale Boiling Heat Transfer
Authors: Chakraborty Bhaskar , Gallo Mirko , Marengo Marco , Coninck Joel De , Casciola Carlo Massimo , Miche Nicholas , Georgoulas Anastasios 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To explore the complicated physics of boiling heat transfer, researchers are increasingly using numerical simulation methods like the Volume of Fluid (VOF) and the Diffuse Interface (DI) approaches. The VOF method, popular for macro-scale simulations (μm to mm), effectively tracks the bubble growth and detachment. On the other hand, the DI method, which represents the interface as a continuous phase field, is mainly used for mesoscale simulations (nm to μm). The DI method is precise in resolving microscopic interfacial phenomena, but is computationally expensive for larger domains. Based on the pros and cons of the VOF and DI methods, a multi-scale modeling approach that combines the strengths of both can be utilised in the future. To pursue the goal, an initial attempt is taken to check the scaling capability of VOF in lower spatial and temporal limits. Therefore, an enhanced customised VOF methodology that has been developed within the OpenFOAM tool-box is employed here for various bubble growth scenarios exploring its applicability at progressively lower temporal and spatial scales, scaling down traditional application scales with a factor of 10 and 100, aiming to identify the resulting accuracy. It is shown for the first time, that the enhanced VOF model can accurately and effectively simulate phase-change and boiling behaviour at sub-micron scales that have not been explored in the past.
Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Successive Droplet Trains Impacting on Silicon Surface
Authors: Li Yuhang , Gao Xu , Deng Wenhao , Xia Yakang , Li Haiwang , Gao Xuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the development of electronic devices towards multifunctionality and miniaturization, spray cooling is still a highly effective cooling method in high heat flux thermal management. Important parameters of spray such as droplet diameter, quantity and velocity etc. are unpredictable due to the considerable variation in manufacturing standards and working conditions. To achieve a predictable spray, a droplet generator was self-designed and fabricated. It can produce a large number of predictable monodisperse controlled droplets depending on the setting frequency fG. The experiments used deionized water as the cooling fluid. The droplets generated by the droplet generator is captured by a high-speed camera, which ensures that the droplets are uniformly broken up according to the Plateau-Rayleigh instability. The heating element is based on a silicon base, deposited with chromium and platinum by physical vapor deposition (PVD), and then combined through gold wire bonding. In the cooling area, the temperature field was investigated by IR thermal imaging techniques through a reflective path.
Heat transfer characteristics of controllable droplet trains were experimentally conducted from single-phase to two-phase. The number of droplet trains is from 5*5 square-arrayed droplet train to 14*14 square-arrayed droplet trains, corresponding to droplet flux range is from N = 140750 1/cm2s to N = 2044280 1/cm2s. There are two factors affecting heat transfer performance, one is volumetric flow flux, and the other is the droplet flux. Compared to relatively low droplet flux, heat transfer studies revealed that more dense spray has significantly higher heat transfer coefficients and uniformity. This study is based on the thermodynamic analysis of controllable successive droplet trains, which is beneficial for the further application of controlled spray.