bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fraud Versus Ethics: The Case Of The Backdating Of Stock Options
Authors: Ryan Huldah A. , Bottiglieri William , Kroleski Steven L. 
Published: February 2016

During the past five years, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has investigated over 140 companies for their practices of backdating the grant dates of employee stock options (ESOs), and has cited a number of these companies for their part in this behavior that has led to huge financial losses to corporate stockholders. The practice of backdating stock options grant dates is not necessarily illegal, but there may be some ethical issues involved with respect to the firms implicated in the acts. Options backdating may arise, not only because of clerical errors, lax record keeping, or internal control system failure, but also because of the intentional manipulation of corporate reports and documentation. In cases where top executives deliberately manipulate stock options grant dates to further bloat their excessive compensation packages above the amounts that directors approved for them, the firm and its officers/directors may be liable for violations of SEC disclosure requirements, generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and tax laws, and if these actions occurred after the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, there could be severe penalties imposed on the firm and on the individuals involved.
Do Utility Stocks Provide Exposure To Bond Markets?
Authors: Boyer Carol , Ciccone Stephen J. 
Published: February 2016

This study examines the relationship between utility stock returns and various bond or interest rate index returns. In contrast to the S&P 500 index, utility stocks show a positive relationship to bond returns. Utility stocks also are more correlated with corporate bond returns than the stock indexes. Overall, utility stocks are considered an excellent diversification tool. The upside of the stock market can be captured, but with less downside risk.
APLIKASI MIKROKONTROLER AT89S52 SEBAGAI PENGENDALI PERALATAN ELEKTRONIK RUMAH TANGGA MELALUI REMOTE CONTROL
Authors: Wahyudi Eka , Kuswiani Gina 
Published: February 2016

<p>Intel, Motorola dan Atmel merupakan nama-nama yang sudah tidak asing lagi sebagai pembuat mikrokontroler, komponen yang dikenal dengan keandalan dan kecepatan kejanya. Program-program mikrokontroler yang ditulis dengan Bahasa Assembler umumnya berukuran kecil dan dapat dieksekusi dengan cepat sehingga banyak digunakan terutama di bidang industri. Sebenarnya kita dapat menggunakan mikrokontroler dengan <em>remote control</em> sebagai pengendalinya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sebagai sakelar lampu jarak jauh. Tempat seperti vila, area perkantoran dan bandara sering kali memiliki lampu dalam jumlah banyak. Dengan alat yang dirancang ini, kita tidak perlu lagi mematikan lampu-lampu dalam jumlah banyak tersebut secara manual. Penggunakan mikrokontroler akan diterapkan dalam suatu alat yang dapat diaplikasikan atau digunalan pemilik rumah untuk berinteraksi dengan peralatan yang ada di rumah baik dari jarak jauh dalam suatu ruangan maupun dari jarak dekat. Alat ini dapat dihubungkan dengan berbagai peralatan elektronik rumah tangga misalnya lampu penerangan, pompa air, pemanas air, kulkas, <em>air</em> <em>c</em><em>onditioner</em> (AC) dan peralatan rumah tangga lainnya. Program yang dibuat menggunakan bahasa assembler. Adapun alat pengendali ini terdiri dari <em>remote</em> <em>control</em> dalam hal ini menggunakan <em>remote</em> VCD 3.0 dan <em>infra red receiver module</em> berbagai rangkaian antara lain rangkaian mikrokontroler, <em>driver transistor</em> dan <em>relay</em>.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Kata kunci</strong> : mikrokontroler<em>, </em><em>remote control</em><em>, </em><em>infra red</em><em>. </em></p>
Nitrogen Removal from Water Resource Recovery Facility Secondary Effluent Using a Bioreactor
Authors: Cao Wenping 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: Solid‐phase denitrification technology can potentially be used to remove nitrogen compounds, such as total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen (‐N), from wastewater. In this study, the authors made use of an internal‐circulation baffled biofilm reactor in which filamentous bamboo acted as a biocarrier for the removal of nitrogen (N) from water resource recovery facility (WRRF) secondary effluent. A laboratory‐scale experiment was conducted to assess the efficacy and mechanisms of N removal from the WRRF secondary effluent operated in continuous‐flow mode. Results indicated that total nitrogen and ‐N removal rates reached 66.58 to 75.23% and 75.6 to 85.6%, respectively. Infrared spectrum analysis indicated biodegradation in the filamentous bamboo. A comparison of this method with the use of filamentous plastics as biocarriers indicated that higher ‐N removal (as volumetric loading) and lower nitrite nitrogen accumulation rates were obtained when filamentous bamboo was used as a biocarrier. A ‐N removal volumetric loading of 2.09 mg/L·h was reached when using bamboo as a single solid carbon source. These results confirm that filamentous bamboo can be used as an alternative to inert biocarriers in WRRF secondary effluent treatment systems.
Effect of Minocycline on the Durability of Dentin Bonding Produced with Etch-and-Rinse Adhesives
Authors: Loguercio AD , Stanislawczuk R , Malaquias P , Gutierrez MF , Bauer J , Reis A 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARY
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of minocycline and chlorhexidine pretreatment of acid-etched dentin on the longevity of resin-dentin bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage of two-step etch-and-rinse adhesives.
Methods: Before application of Prime & Bond NT and Adper Single Bond 2 in occlusal dentin, the dentin surfaces were treated with 37% phosphoric acid, rinsed, air-dried, and rewetted with water (control group), 2% minocycline, or 2% chlorexidine digluconate. Composite buildups were constructed incrementally, and specimens were longitudinally sectioned to obtain bonded sticks (0.8 mm2) to be tested in tension (0.5 mm/min) immediately or after 24 months of water storage. For nanoleakage, two specimens of each tooth/period were immersed in the silver nitrate solution, photo-developed, and polished with SiC paper for analysis under energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy/scanning electron microscopy.
Results: Reductions of the μTBS and increases in the nanoleakage were observed for both adhesives when the rewetting procedure was performed with water. Stable bonds were observed for the 2% minocycline and 2% chlorexidine digluconate groups after 24 months.
Conclusions: The use of 2% minocycline as pretreatment of acid-etched dentin is one alternative to retard the degradation of resin-dentin interfaces over a 24-month period as well as 2% chlorexidine digluconate.
Physiologic and biochemical effects of electroacupuncture combined with intramuscular administration of dexmedetomidine to provide analgesia in goats
Authors: Shah Zahir , Hu Man L. , Qiu Zheng Y. , Zhou Fei Y. , Zeng Jie , Wan Juan , Wang Shao W. , Zhang Wei , Ding Ming X. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate physiologic and biochemical effects of electroacupuncture and dexmedetomidine administration to goats.
ANIMALS 30 healthy adult goats.
PROCEDURES Goats were allotted to 5 groups (6 goats/group) and received electroacupuncture, dexmedetomidine (5 or 20 μg/kg, IM), electroacupuncture plus dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg, IM), or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (IM [control treatment]). Pain threshold, cardiorespiratory effects, rectal temperature, and hematologic and biochemical variables were assessed.
RESULTS Dexmedetomidine (20 μg/kg) increased pain threshold and decreased heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature. Pain threshold of goats receiving electroacupuncture plus dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg) was higher than that of goats receiving electroacupuncture or of goats receiving dexmedetomidine at 5 μg/kg at 30 minutes, but did not differ from that of goats receiving dexmedetomidine at 20 μg/kg. Compared with goats administered dexmedetomidine at 20 μg/kg, goats receiving electroacupuncture plus dexmedetomidine at 5 μg/kg had a higher heart rate from 30 to 60 minutes and a higher respiratory rate from 5 to 60 minutes. Electroacupuncture plus dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg) did not affect rectal temperature. Serum glucose concentrations of goats receiving electroacupuncture plus dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg) were higher than for goats receiving dexmedetomidine at 5 μg/kg at 30 minutes but not for goats receiving dexmedetomidine at 20 μg/kg. Creatinine and BUN concentrations, alanine or aspartate aminotransferase activities, and hematologic variables of treated goats did not change.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Electroacupuncture in combination with a low dose of dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg, IM) administered to goats provided antinociception.
Circadian and postprandial variation in plasma citrulline concentration in healthy dogs
Authors: Dahan Julien M. , Giron Celine , Concordet Didier , Dossin Olivier 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate circadian and postprandial variations in plasma citrulline concentration in healthy dogs.
ANIMALS 8 healthy Beagles.
PROCEDURES Blood samples were collected from dogs after 12 hours of food withholding (0 hours; 8:00 am) and then every 2 hours for 12 hours (until 8:00 pm) and again at 24 hours (8:00 am the next day). The same protocol was repeated, with the only difference being that a meal was given immediately after the 0-hour sample collection point. Plasma citrulline concentration was measured by ion exchange chromatography.
RESULTS No significant difference in plasma citrulline concentration was identified among measurement points when food was withheld. Mean ± SD plasma citrulline concentration at 4 hours (72.2 ± 12.7 μmol/L) and 24 hours (56.1 ± 12.5 μmol/L) after dogs were fed was significantly different from that at 0 hours (64.4 ± 12.7 μmol/L).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Plasma citrulline concentration had no circadian variation in unfed dogs but increased significantly in fed dogs 4 hours after a meal. Therefore, food should be withheld from dogs for 8 to 12 hours before blood sample collection for measurement of citrulline concentration.
Fabrication of microstructured polymers by a simple biotemplate embossing method and their characterization
Authors: Parmak Ebru Devrim Sam 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this work, microstructures were developed on a polymer surface using an embossing process by utilizing the transverse section of a wood as a biotemplate/mold. Microstructured polymers obtained by the proposed practical method were characterized by optical microscope for rough imaging, by scanning electron microscope for morphological properties and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for surface chemistry. Utilization of a fluoropolymer eliminates the anti-stick surface pre-treatment and facilitates intact demolding of polymer structures from micro-voids of the wood. The height of the polymer microstructures was measured as 4 to 6 μm. Dimensions of the wood micro-voids can be tuned via acid/base treatment process. A drastic increase in heights of polymer microstructures (26 μm) was observed for the sample stamped by the acid/base treated biotemplate. The proposed method, which delivers well-organized microstructure patterns on fluoropolymer surfaces, can be utilized in the production of specialty surfaces, such as antibacterial, stick/anti-stick and water repellent.
Extension of diffuse low-grade gliomas beyond radiological borders as shown by the coregistration of histopathological and magnetic resonance imaging data
Authors: Zetterling Maria , Roodakker Kenney R , Berntsson Shala Ghaderi , Edqvist Per-Henrik , Latini Francesco , Landtblom Anne-Marie , Pontén Fredrik , Alafuzoff Irina , Larsson Elna-Marie , Smits Anja 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
Magnetic resonance imaging tends to underestimate the extent of diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGGs). With the aim of studying the presence of tumor cells outside the radiological border, the authors developed a method of correlating MRI findings with histological data in patients with suspected DLGGs in whom en bloc resections were performed.

METHODS
Five patients with suspected DLGG suitable for en bloc resection were recruited from an ongoing prospective study. Sections of the entire tumor were immunostained with antibodies against mutated IDH1 protein (IDH1-R132H). Magnetic resonance images were coregistered with corresponding IDH1 images. The growth pattern of tumor cells in white and gray matter was assessed in comparison with signal changes on corresponding MRI slices.

RESULTS
Neuropathological assessment revealed DLGG in 4 patients and progression to WHO Grade III glioma in 1 patient. The tumor core consisted of a high density of IDH1-R132H–positive tumor cells and was located in both gray and white matter. Tumor cells infiltrated along the peripheral fibers of the white matter tracts. In all cases, tumor cells were found outside the radiological tumor border delineated on T2-FLAIR MRI sequences.

CONCLUSIONS
The authors present a new method for the coregistration of histological and radiological characteristics of en bloc–removed infiltrative brain tumors that discloses tumor invasion at the radiological tumor borders. This technique can be applied to evaluate the sensitivity of alternative imaging methods to detect scattered tumor cells at tumor borders. Accurate methods for detection of infiltrative tumor cells will improve the possibility of performing radical tumor resection. In future studies, the method could also be used for in vivo studies of tumor invasion.
Safety of epidural triamcinolone acetonide use during lumbar decompression surgery in pediatric patients: an association with delayed pseudomeningocele formation
Authors: Sellin Jonathan N. , Vedantam Aditya , Luerssen Thomas G. , Jea Andrew 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
The complication profile of epidural triamcinolone acetonide use during lumbar decompression surgery is not known. However, isolated reports of increased risk of delayed CSF leakage with the use of triamcinolone acetonide in adult spinal surgery patients have been published. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety of epidural triamcinolone acetonide use in conjunction with lumbar decompression surgery in pediatric patients.

METHODS
The medical records of all patients who underwent lumbar decompression surgery with or without discectomy between July 1, 2007, and July 31, 2015, were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS
During the study period, 58 patients underwent 59 spine procedures at Texas Children's Hospital. There were 33 female and 25 male patients. The mean age at surgery was 16.5 years (range 12–24 years). Patients were followed for an average of 38.2 months (range 4–97 months). Triamcinolone acetonide was used in 28 (of 35 total) cases of discectomy; there were no cases of delayed symptomatic CSF leaks (0%) in the minimally invasive and open discectomies. On the other hand, triamcinolone acetonide was used in 14 (of 24 total) cases of multilevel laminectomy, among which there were 10 delayed CSF leaks (71.4%) requiring treatment. The use of triamcinolone acetonide in patients who underwent multilevel laminectomy was significantly associated with an increased risk of delayed CSF leaks or pseudomeningoceles (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
There was an unacceptable incidence of delayed postoperative CSF leaks when epidural triamcinolone acetonide was used in patients who underwent multilevel laminectomy.
Quand la psychanalyse « aménage » ses dispositifs en banlieue parisienne
Authors: D’Eau Bénédicte 
Published: February 2016

Cet article aborde à la fois les aménagements techniques et théoriques des pratiques cliniques d’inspiration psychanalytique au travers des dispositifs tels les paj , avant tout pour mettre en exergue les nouvelles formes de souffrances psychiques, interroger les enjeux du vécu migrant, mais aussi transculturel, que les adolescents et les jeunes de nos modernités portent. Les matt (Médiations artistiques, transculturelles et thérapeutiques), illustrées à travers un court métrage ici, émergent comme une nécessité d’espace d’expression ouvert à tous, sans exclusion possible, car l’art et le lien portent et éveillent quelque chose du vivant malgré tous ces héritages transgénérationnels : les filiations historiques, l’ici et l’ailleurs, le quartier, les migrations, les violences, la précarité, l’exclusion, l’exil, le bled...
Pour une combinaison politique monétaire / politique macroprudentielle au service de la stabilité économique et financière de la zone euro
Authors: Couppey-Soubeyran Jézabel , Dehmej Salim 
Published: February 2016

L’expérience de la zone euro au cours de la dernière décennie a montré qu’une politique monétaire unique ne favorise pas nécessairement la convergence des économies appartenant à une union monétaire. L’objectif de cet article est triple. Tout d’abord, nous cherchons à illustrer les divergences entre les pays de la zone à partir de l’écart entre le taux directeur de la politique monétaire unique et celui auquel aurait conduit l’application d’une règle de Taylor standard, que nous calculons à plusieurs niveaux : la zone, le « cœur », la « périphérie », et certains pays pris individuellement, représentatifs du cœur ou de la périphérie de la zone. Ensuite, nous montrons qu’une politique monétaire qui, pour corriger les déséquilibres financiers en résultant, utiliserait une règle de Taylor élargie à la stabilité financière risquerait de renforcer davantage les divergences. Enfin, nous en déduisons que la zone euro gagnerait à adopter un nouveau policy-mix qui consisterait à combiner la politique monétaire à des mesures macroprudentielles ajustées à la situation économique et financière de chaque État membre. Cette combinaison favoriserait la stabilité financière mais aussi la stabilité macro-conjoncturelle.
L’ampleur du ralentissement chinois et son impact sur les grands pays développés
Authors: Heyer Éric 
Published: February 2016

Un grand nombre d’analystes et d’experts estiment que le ralentissement chinois est plus important que celui affiché dans les comptes nationaux des autorités chinoises. Partant d’Artus (2015), nous avons estimé le PIB de la Chine à partir de variables de fret, de production d’électricité et de ciment. Si nos résultats confirment le ralentissement de l’économie chinoise depuis 2011, passant d’un rythme en glissement annuel de 12 % à moins de 8 % début 2013, la stabilisation du rythme de croissance observée depuis par les comptes nationaux n’est pas retracée par cette analyse qui indiquerait plutôt la poursuite du ralentissement de la croissance chinoise. Cependant, une telle modélisation du PIB ne prend pas en compte la grande transformation du modèle économique chinois vers un nouveau modèle de croissance amorcé depuis 3 ans, soutenu par un fort endettement des agents domestiques et orienté vers davantage de services. Une analyse enrichie de variables reflétant la situation sur le marché de l’emploi confirme le ralentissement de l’économie chinoise retracé par les comptes nationaux, reflétant une transition difficile entre deux régimes de croissance et non les prémices d’une entrée prochaine en récession. En revanche, sa partie « industrielle » devrait continuer de décélérer, interdisant tout rebond significatif des importations chinoises. Cela aura des conséquences sur les économies développées : le Japon et l’Allemagne seraient les pays les plus touchés par le ralentissement chinois : l’effet cumulé de 2014 à 2017 s’élèverait à plus de 2 points de PIB. L’impact sur l’économie japonaise passe par une forte exposition au commerce chinois tandis que l’impact sur l’économie allemande est davantage lié à son degré d’ouverture. Viennent ensuite le Royaume-Uni, l’Italie et la France avec un effet cumulé proche de 1 point de PIB. L’Espagne et les États-Unis seraient les pays les moins impactés avec un effet cumulé autour de 0,5 point de PIB.
Singular G-Monopoles on S1 × Σ
Authors: Smith Benjamin H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article provides an account of the functorial correspondence between irreducible
singular G-monopoles on S1×Σ and stable meromorphic pairs on Σ. A theorem of B.Charbonneau and J. Hurtubise is thus generalized here from unitary to arbitrary compact, connected gauge groups.
The required distinctions and similarities for unitary versus arbitrary gauge are clearly outlined, and many parallels are drawn for easy transition. Once the correspondence theorem is complete, the spectral decomposition is addressed.
Estimación de variables de combustible de copa y de masa, caracterizando el efecto de las claras en su estructura usando LiDAR aerotransportado
Authors: Hevia A. , Álvarez-González J. G. , Ruiz-Fernández E. , Prendes C. , Ruiz-González A. D. , Majada J. , González-Ferreiro E. 
Published: February 2016

<p>Los incendios forestales suponen una gran amenaza en el NO de España. La importancia y frecuencia de estos eventos en la zona sugiere la necesidad de programas de gestión del combustible para reducir la propagación y severidad de los incendios. La realización de una selvicultura de claras puede contribuir a la reducción del riesgo de incendio, ya que ocasiona una ruptura de la continuidad horizontal del combustible forestal. Además, es necesario realizar una gestión del riesgo de incendio basada en el conocimiento de la localización del combustible sobre el terreno, puesto que el estudio del comportamiento de un incendio y la simulación de la propagación del fuego son dependientes del factor espacial. Por ello, resulta esencial la generación de mapas del combustible para diferentes escenarios selvícolas. La elaboración de modelos de estimación de variables dasométricas y de estructura de la masa a partir de tecnología LiDAR es el punto de inicio para la elaboración de una cartografía espacialmente explícita. Esto adquiere mayor valor en los mapas de combustible puesto que la medición de las variables en campo resulta inviable. En el presente estudio, evaluamos el potencial de la tecnología LiDAR para estimar variables del combustible de copa y otras variables de masa, así como para identificar diferencias estructurales a nivel de rodal en masas de <em>Pinus inaster </em>Ait. con y sin manejo selvícola. Las variables independientes (métricas LiDAR) de mayor importancia explicativa fueron identificadas y los análisis de regresión indicaron fuertes relaciones entre éstas y las ariables medidas en campo (<em>R<sup>2</sup></em> varió entre 0.86 y 0.97). Por otra parte, se observaron diferencias significativas en algunas métricas LiDAR cuando se compararon masas aclaradas y no aclaradas. Los resultados demostraron que la tecnología LiDAR permite la modelización de variables de masa y de combustible de copa con alta precisión en esta especie, y que proporciona información útil para la identificación de áreas con y sin gestión selvícola.</p>