bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep disturbance in patients taking opioid medication for chronic back pain
Authors: Robertson J. A. , Purple R. J. , Cole P. , Zaiwalla Z. , Wulff K. , Pattinson K. T. S. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryPoor sleep is an increasingly recognised problem with chronic pain and further increases the effect on daily function. To identify the relationship between chronic pain, opioid analgesia and sleep quality, this study investigated activity and sleep patterns in patients taking opioid and non‐opioid analgesia for chronic back pain. Thirty‐one participants (10 healthy controls, 21 patients with chronic pain: 6 on non‐opioid medication; 15 on opioid medication) were assessed using actigraphy, polysomnography and questionnaires. Patients with chronic pain subjectively reported significant sleep and wake disturbances as shown by decreased overall sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, p < 0.001), increased symptoms of insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index, p < 0.001) and increased fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale, p = 0.002). They also spent increased time in bed (p = 0.016), took longer to get to sleep (p = 0.005) and had high interindividual variability in other measures of activity but no overall irregular rest‐activity pattern. Patients on high doses of opioids (> 100 mg morphine‐equivalent/day) demonstrated distinctly abnormal brain activity during sleep suggesting that polysomnography is necessary to detect sleep disturbance in this population in the absence of irregular rest‐activity behaviour. Night‐time sleep disturbance is common in individuals suffering from chronic pain and may be further exacerbated by opioid treatment. Considerations must be made regarding the appropriate use of combined actigraphy and miniaturised polysomnography for future population‐based studies.
High molecular weight PEGylation of human pancreatic polypeptide at position 22 improves stability and reduces food intake in mice
Authors: Thieme V , Jolly N , Madsen A N , Bellmann‐Sickert K , Schwartz T W , Holst B , Cox H M , Beck‐Sickinger A G 
Published: August 2016

Background and PurposeHuman pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) is known to suppress appetite and food intake, thereby representing a potential therapeutic approach against obesity and associated metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to improve hPP stability by covalent PEGylation with diverse molecular weight polyethylene glycols (PEGs) at two positions using promising lead structures while maintaining target activity.Experimental ApproachModified peptides were synthesized by combined solid‐phase and solution‐phase peptide synthesis. Their potency was investigated in constitutively expressing human epithelial cells and isolated human colonic mucosa as well as receptor‐transfected artificial cell lines. Human blood plasma and porcine liver homogenates were used to examine the in vitro stability of the analogues. The most promising variants were injected s.c. in C57BL/6JRj mice to monitor fasting‐induced food intake and bioavailability.Key ResultsIn human epithelia and colonic mucosal preparations, activity of the modified hPP peptides depended on the core sequence and latency of the peptides was related to PEG size. Peptides modified with a 22 kDa PEG (PEG22) remained intact in blood plasma and on incubation with liver homogenates for more than 96 h. Finally, hPP2–36, [K22(PEG22)]hPP2–36 and [K22(PEG22),Q34]hPP significantly reduced cumulative food intake in mice over 16 h after s.c. administration.Conclusions and ImplicationsModification with PEG22 at position 22 stabilizes hPP significantly while extending its biological activities and could be used in drug development prospectively.
Classifying sensory profiles of children in the general population
Authors: Little L. M. , Dean E. , Tomchek S. D. , Dunn W. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to subtype groups of children in a community sample with and without developmental conditions, based on sensory processing patterns.MethodsWe used latent profile analysis to determine the number of sensory subtypes in a sample of n = 1132 children aged 3–14 years with typical development and developmental conditions, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities.ResultsA five‐subtype solution was found to best characterize the sample, which differed on overall degree and differential presentation of sensory processing patterns. Children with and without developmental conditions presented across subtypes, and one subtype was significantly younger in age than others (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur results show that sensory subtypes include both children with typical development and those with developmental conditions. Sensory subtypes have previously been investigated in ASD only, and our results suggest that similar sensory subtypes are present in a sample reflective of the general population of children including those largely with typical development. Elevated scores on sensory processing patterns are not unique to ASD but rather are reflections of children's abilities to respond to environmental demands.
Parents' Perceived Discrimination and Adolescent Adjustment in Chinese American Families: Mediating Family Processes
Authors: Hou Yang , Kim Su Yeong , Hazen Nancy , Benner Aprile D. 
Published: August 2016

Parental discriminatory experiences can have significant implications for adolescent adjustment. This study examined family processes linking parental perceived discrimination to adolescent depressive symptoms and delinquent behaviors by using the family stress model and incorporating family systems theory. Participants were 444 Chinese American adolescents (Mage.wave1 = 13.03) and their parents residing in Northern California. Testing of actor–partner interdependent models showed a significant indirect effect from earlier paternal (but not maternal) perceived discrimination to later adolescent adjustment through paternal depressive symptoms and maternal hostility toward adolescents. The results highlight the importance of including both parents and examining actor and partner effects to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how maternal and paternal perceived discrimination differentially and indirectly relate to adolescent adjustment.
What determines spatial bias in citizen science? Exploring four recording schemes with different proficiency requirements
Authors: Geldmann Jonas , Heilmann‐Clausen Jacob , Holm Thomas E. , Levinsky Irina , Markussen Bo , Olsen Kent , Rahbek Carsten , Tøttrup Anders P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimTo understand how the integration of contextual spatial data on land cover and human infrastructure can help reduce spatial bias in sampling effort, and improve the utilization of citizen science‐based species recording schemes. By comparing four different citizen science projects, we explore how the sampling design's complexity affects the role of these spatial biases.LocationDenmark, Europe.MethodsWe used a point process model to estimate the effect of land cover and human infrastructure on the intensity of observations from four different citizen science species recording schemes. We then use these results to predict areas of under‐ and oversampling as well as relative biodiversity ‘hotspots’ and ‘deserts’, accounting for common spatial biases introduced in unstructured sampling designs.ResultsWe demonstrate that the explanatory power of spatial biases such as infrastructure and human population density increased as the complexity of the sampling schemes decreased. Despite a low absolute sampling effort in agricultural landscapes, these areas still appeared oversampled compared to the observed species richness. Conversely, forests and grassland appeared undersampled despite higher absolute sampling efforts. We also present a novel and effective analytical approach to address spatial biases in unstructured sampling schemes and a new way to address such biases, when more structured sampling is not an option.Main conclusionsWe show that citizen science datasets, which rely on untrained amateurs, are more heavily prone to spatial biases from infrastructure and human population density. Objectives and protocols of mass‐participating projects should thus be designed with this in mind. Our results suggest that, where contextual data is available, modelling the intensity of individual observation can help understand and quantify how spatial biases affect the observed biological patterns.
Mastery of the logic of natural numbers is not the result of mastery of counting: evidence from late counters
Authors: Jara‐Ettinger Julian , Piantadosi Steve , Spelke Elizabeth S. , Levy Roger , Gibson Edward 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo master the natural number system, children must understand both the concepts that number words capture and the counting procedure by which they are applied. These two types of knowledge develop in childhood, but their connection is poorly understood. Here we explore the relationship between the mastery of counting and the mastery of exact numerical equality (one central aspect of natural number) in the Tsimane’, a farming‐foraging group whose children master counting at a delayed age and with higher variability than do children in industrialized societies. By taking advantage of this variation, we can better understand how counting and exact equality relate to each other, while controlling for age and education. We find that the Tsimane’ come to understand exact equality at later and variable ages. This understanding correlates with their mastery of number words and counting, controlling for age and education. However, some children who have mastered counting lack an understanding of exact equality, and some children who have not mastered counting have achieved this understanding. These results suggest that understanding of counting and of natural number concepts are at least partially distinct achievements, and that both draw on inputs and resources whose distribution and availability differ across cultures.
‘Learn From Every Patient’: implementation and early results of a learning health system
Authors: Lowes Linda P , Noritz Garey H , Newmeyer Amy , Embi Peter J , Yin Han , Smoyer William E ,   ‘Learn from Every Patient’ Study Group
Published: August 2016

AimThe convergence of three major trends in medicine, namely conversion to electronic health records (EHRs), prioritization of translational research, and the need to control healthcare expenditures, has created unprecedented interest and opportunities to develop systems that improve care while reducing costs. However, operationalizing a ‘learning health system’ requires systematic changes that have not yet been widely demonstrated in clinical practice.MethodWe developed, implemented, and evaluated a model of EHR‐supported care in a cohort of 131 children with cerebral palsy that integrated clinical care, quality improvement, and research, entitled ‘Learn From Every Patient’ (LFEP).ResultsChildren treated in the LFEP Program for a 12‐month period experienced a 43% reduction in total inpatient days (p=0.030 vs prior 12mo period), a 27% reduction in inpatient admissions, a 30% reduction in emergency department visits (p=0.001), and a 29% reduction in urgent care visits (p=0.046). LFEP Program implementation also resulted in reductions in healthcare costs of 210% (US$7014/child) versus a Time control group, and reductions of 176% ($6596/child) versus a Program Activities control group. Importantly, clinical implementation of the LFEP Program has also driven the continuous accumulation of robust research‐quality data for both publication and implementation of evidence‐based improvements in clinical care.InterpretationThese results demonstrate that a learning health system can be developed and implemented in a cost‐effective manner, and can integrate clinical care and research to systematically drive simultaneous clinical quality improvement and reduced healthcare costs.
Histological changes in endocrine and exocrine pancreatic tissue from patients exposed to incretin‐based therapies
Authors: Ueberberg Sandra , Jütte Hendrik , Uhl Waldemar , Schmidt Wolfgang , Nauck Michael , Montanya Eduard , Tannapfel Andrea , Meier Juris 
Published: August 2016

AimsIncretin‐based therapies have been associated with an increased risk of pancreatitis. Recently, various histological abnormalities have been reported in human pancreatic tissue from brain‐dead organ donors who had been exposed to incretin‐based drugs. In the present study we examined pancreatic tissue collected at surgery.MethodsHuman pancreatic tissue from 7 type 2‐diabetic patients treated with incretin‐based drugs (type 2‐I), 6 diabetic patients without incretin treatment (type 2‐NI), 11 patients without diabetes (no diabetes group) and 9 brain‐dead organ donors (BDOD group) was examined.ResultsFractional beta‐cell area was reduced in the type 2‐NI group compared to the group without diabetes (P < .05), but there was no difference compared to the type 2‐I patients. Alpha‐cell area (P = .30), beta‐cell replication (P = .17) and alpha‐cell replication (P = .91) were not different. There were also no differences in acinar cell (P = .13) and duct cell replication (P = .099). Insulin‐positive duct cells were more frequent in the type 2‐I and the BDOD groups (P = .034). No co‐expression of insulin and glucagon was detected. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions were very rare, all low‐grade (PanIN 1a and 1b) and tended to occur more frequently in the type 2‐I group (P = .084).ConclusionsThe present results did not reveal marked histological abnormalities in the pancreas of incretin‐treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Low numbers of specimens available and a large inter‐individual variability of the findings warrant caution regarding the interpretation of histological data concerning drug effects on the human pancreas.
The Coverage of Saudi Arabia in the “Introduction to Sociology” U.S. Textbooks between 2001 and 2015
Authors: Al‐Qazzaz Ayad 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article discusses the coverage of Saudi Arabia in “introduction to sociology” textbooks in the context of two variables — the September 11, 2001 attack, and globalization. The study covers 24 major textbooks, all published between 2001 and 2015. The textbooks were chosen with the help and consultation of many colleagues in numerous sociology departments throughout various parts of the United States. Also, the publishers of sociology textbooks were consulted throughout the process of selection. The method of investigation was content analysis which relied heavily upon studying the content of the text. The findings were organized in the following subsections: Islam; the Wahhabi version of Islam; Politics; September 11th and Bin Laden; Women in Saudi Arabia; Human Rights and Civil Rights Abuses; Social Media; Miscellaneous Positive or neutral comments on Saudi Arabia; Visual Sociology; and closing remarks. The finding of the article is more or less negative, as textbooks rarely mentioned positive things about Saudi Arabia.
Dynamic changes in phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity in green and black mung bean (Vigna radiata) sprouts
Authors: Gan Ren‐You , Wang Ming‐Fu , Lui Wing‐Yee , Wu Kao , Corke Harold 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe mung bean (Vigna radiata) sprout is a popular fresh vegetable in many parts of the world. In this study, the dynamic change of ascorbic acid, phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity were evaluated in green and black mung bean sprouts. Germination increased ascorbic acid, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in both mung beans. The green mung bean sprout generally had higher ascorbic acid, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity than the black mung bean sprout. Most phenolic compounds, such as caffeic acid, catechin, ferulic acid, gallic acid and rutin, were found to gradually increase after germination. Therefore, mung bean sprouts, especially green mung bean sprout possessing high level of antioxidant phytochemicals, can be valuable functional vegetables and good sources of natural antioxidants.
Synthesis and antioxidant property of hydroxycinnamoyl maltodextrin derivatives
Authors: Ma Yi , Hou Chang‐Jun , Fa Huan‐Bao , Huo Dan‐Qun , Yang Mei 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThis study was focused on developing new hydroxycinnamoyl maltodextrin derivatives to evaluate their antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. Vanillic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid were covalently attached to maltodextrin. The prepared derivatives were confirmed by ATR‐IR and 1H‐NMR. The thermal characteristics and viscosity were measured by thermogravimetric analysis and viscometer, respectively, and the studies revealed the grafted maltodextrins to be more thermal stable and viscous than the native maltodextrin. Moreover, the scavenging ability of most of the products was higher than 60% at 1 mg mL−1 against DPPH radical. The inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation of caffeic acid and ferulic acid grafted maltodextrins attained 85% at 0.5 mg mL−1. It was also found that these compounds had no toxic effect (up to 100 μg mL−1) on the HEK 293 cells through the MTT test. These findings suggested that the prepared derivatives could potentially be used as a nontoxic antioxidant in food and drug industries.
Dental erosion in groups of Yemeni children and adolescents and the modification of an erosion partial recording system
Authors: Al‐Ashtal Amin , Johansson Anders , Omar Ridwaan , Johansson Ann‐Katrin 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe prevalence of dental erosion is rising especially among children and adolescents and its grading needs further investigation.AimsTo determine the prevalence and severity of dental erosion in groups of Yemeni children and adolescents, and to clinically compare an erosion partial recording system (EPRS) with a proposed modified–simplified version (EPRS‐M).DesignOf 6163 individuals aged 5–6, 13–14 and 18–19 years, 911 were randomly selected, of which 668 participated in the study. Dental erosion was graded using EPRS. EPRS‐M was proposed, and its sensitivity and specificity was calculated in relation to EPRS.ResultsPrevalence of erosion extending into dentine on at least one tooth was 6.8% among 5‐ to 6‐year‐olds, 3.0% among 13‐ to 14‐year‐olds and 14.6% among 18‐ to 19‐year olds. The highest prevalence was 19.2% among girls aged 18–19 years which was significantly higher than boys (10.4%) in the same age group (P = 0.044). Sensitivity and specificity for EPRS‐M in relation to EPRS were 85.7% and 100% for primary teeth, and 84.1% and 100% for permanent teeth.ConclusionsDental erosion was common among children and older teenagers and highest among older girls but less common among younger teenagers. The tested accuracy of EPRS‐M qualifies it to be used as an initial quick detection tool in future dental erosion research.
Epidermal skin grafting
Authors: Herskovitz Ingrid , Hughes Olivia B , Macquhae Flor , Rakosi Adele , Kirsner Robert 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAutologous skin grafts, such as full‐ and split‐thickness, have long been part of the reconstructive ladder as an option to close skin defects. Although they are effective in providing coverage, they require the need for a trained surgeon, use of anaesthesia and operating room and creation of a wound at the donor site. These drawbacks can be overcome with the use of epidermal skin grafts (ESGs), which can be harvested without the use of anaesthesia in an office setting and with minimal to no scarring at the donor site. ESGs consist only of the epidermal layer and have emerged as an appealing alternative to other autologous grafts for the treatment of acute and chronic wounds. In this article, we provide an overview of epidermal grafting and its role in wound management.
Epidermal skin grafting in vitiligo: a pilot study
Authors: Janowska Agata , Dini Valentina , Panduri Salvatore , Macchia Michela , Oranges Teresa , Romanelli Marco 
Published: August 2016

AbstractVitiligo is a multifactorial acquired dermatosis characterised by achromic or hypochromic macules and by the absence of functioning melanocytes. Treatment depends on the extent of the affected areas and on disease activity. Surgical techniques have proven to be effective in stable cases but can be time‐consuming and, in some cases, aesthetically unsatisfying or painful for the patients. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical safety and effectiveness of a new automatic epidermal skin harvesting device in patients with stable localised vitiligo over a minimum 12‐month period. This new system (CELLUTOME™ Epidermal Harvesting System, KCI, an ACELITY Company, San Antonio, TX) is a commercially available epidermal skin harvesting system that can be used without local anaesthesia or other pre‐treatments and has been shown to have low rates of donor site morbidity. Epidermal skin grafts can used in patients with acute and hard to heal chronic wounds, burns and stable vitiligo. The use of advanced therapies may improve the quality of life, have cost benefits and accelerate re‐pigmentation of patients with vitiligo. In our preliminary study, this system was seen to be a safe and efficacious means of harvesting epidermal micrografts containing melanocytes for use in patients with stable vitiligo unresponsive to standard therapies.
A solution for complex wounds: the evidence for negative pressure wound therapy with instillation
Authors: Anghel Ersilia L , Kim Paul J , Attinger Christopher E 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTNegative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time (NPWTi‐d) is an adjunctive therapy that can be used in the management of complex wounds with infection. NPWTi‐d incorporates the intermittent instillation of a topical solution to the wound in a programmed manner. Unlike standard negative pressure wound therapy, NPWTi‐d delivers topical wound solutions directly to the wound, allows the solution to dwell over the wound bed, and removes the solution during the negative pressure phase. The authors review the evidence for using NPWTi‐d and the role it may potentially play in helping to reduce hospital stay, number of debridement operations and cost.