bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le respect des droits des peuples autochtones dans le régime forestier québécois : quelle évolution (1960-2014)?
Authors: Teitelbaum Sara 
Published: February 2016

Cet article propose un aperçu historique de l’évolution du régime forestier en ce qui concerne l’intégration des droits et intérêts des peuples autochtones pendant la période allant de 1960 à 2014. À l’aide d’un cadre théorique élaboré parHillet al. (2012), nous abordons la question du partage de pouvoir entre l’État et les nations autochtones. L’analyse révèle une quasi-exclusion des intérêts autochtones avant le début des années 2000. Les mesures mises en place au cours de cette période se ramènent à trois catégories : les consultations sur les plans, les consultations sur les orientations politiques, et le développement économique par l’allocation de petite tenures forestières. Néanmoins, pour la plupart des nations autochtones, le régime forestier offre peu d’occasions d’influencer les décisions à un niveau stratégique.
L’environnement : quelle valeur pour les jeunes Québécois?
Authors: Royer Chantal , de Grandpré Arthur 
Published: February 2016

Cet article s’inscrit dans le contexte d’une étude plus large sur les valeurs des jeunes. Son objectif est d’explorer la valeur qu’ils accordent à l’environnement. L’article présente les résultats d’une analyse secondaire de l’ensemble des propos relatifs à l’environnement tirés de 91 entretiens qualitatifs portant sur les valeurs des jeunes Québécois ainsi que sur leurs aspirations au voyage. Les résultats révèlent des attitudes variées à l’égard de l’environnement qui sont présentées sous forme de gradient, allant de l’indifférence à l’engagement. Les conclusions mettent en lumière le caractère fragile du lien que les jeunes entretiennent avec la protection de l’environnement qui, loin d’être une valeur consensuelle, se présente plutôt comme une valeur latente trouvant difficilement écho dans les comportements.
Osteopathic Physicians on the Editorial Boards of Major Medical Journals Over the Past 30 Years
Authors: Ashurst John V. , Galuska Michael 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Context: With the recent merger of the American Osteopathic Association and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, new standards may be established for scholarly activity criteria and designation for each specialty.

Objective: To determine the percentage of osteopathic physicians on editorial boards in general and specialty medical journals and to compare the participation of osteopathic vs allopathic physicians and other health care researchers in editorial activities.

Methods: The number of osteopathic and allopathic physicians and other health care professionals serving as editor in chief, associate editor, editorial board member, emeritus editor, or in other editorial positions was examined in 8 major medical journals (New England Journal of Medicine, JAMA, Annals of Internal Medicine, Annals of Surgery, Annals of Emergency Medicine, Annals of Family Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Pediatrics) published during the past 30 years.

Results: The number of editorial board positions increased during the past 30 years, with Annals of Surgery adding the most positions (64). When compared with allopathic physicians in all fields of medicine, the number of osteopathic physicians serving on an editorial board of a medical journal was significantly less (P<.001). When all editorial positions were combined, osteopathic physicians occupied 0.15% of all positions.

Conclusion: A disparity exists between the numbers of osteopathic vs allopathic physicians in editorial positions in the core disciplines of medicine. Further investigation into the reasons why few osteopathic physicians serve in editorial roles is needed.
Local optical absorption spectra of MoS2 monolayers obtained using scanning near-field optical microscopy measurements
Authors: Nozaki Junji , Mori Shohei , Miyata Yasumitsu , Maniwa Yutaka , Yanagi Kazuhiro 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We obtained local optical absorption spectra of MoS2 with a spatial resolution of approximately 200 nm using scanning near-field optical microscopy with a supercontinuum laser light source, and we found that the absorption spectra exhibited a significant site dependence on the MoS2 monolayer crystal. We found clear relationships between local optical absorption spectra and photoluminescence intensities. At a site that exhibited a weak photoluminescence, the intensity of the A exciton optical absorption was also weak, and its line shape was significantly deformed, which suggests the influence of n-doping. The results indicate a significant inhomogeneity in the n-doping levels on a single sheet.
Selective Precipitation of Proteins
Authors: Matulis Daumantas 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSelective precipitation of proteins can be used as a bulk method to recover the majority of proteins from a crude lysate, as a selective method to fractionate a subset of proteins from a protein solution, or as a very specific method to recover a single protein of interest from a purification step. This unit describes a number of methods suitable for selective precipitation. In each of the protocols that are outlined, the physical or chemical basis of the precipitation process, the parameters that can be varied for optimization, and the basic steps for developing an optimized precipitation are described. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Handling Metalloproteinases
Authors: Fridrich Sven , Karmilin Konstantin , Stöcker Walter 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSubstrate cleavage by metalloproteinases involves nucleophilic attack on the scissile peptide bond by a water molecule that is polarized by a catalytic metal, usually a zinc ion, and a general base, usually the carboxyl group of a glutamic acid side chain. The zinc ion is most often complexed by imidazole nitrogens of histidine side chains. This arrangement suggests that the physiological pH optimum of most metalloproteinases is in the neutral range. In addition to their catalytic metal ion, many metalloproteinases contain additional transition metal or alkaline earth ions, which are structurally important or modulate the catalytic activity. As a consequence, these enzymes are generally sensitive to metal chelators. Moreover, the catalytic metal can be displaced by adventitious metal ions from buffers or biological fluids, which may fundamentally alter the catalytic function. Therefore, handling, purification, and assaying of metalloproteinases require specific precautions to warrant their stability. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Framing ecosystem services in the telecoupled Anthropocene
Authors: Liu Jianguo , Yang Wu , Li Shuxin 
Published: February 2016

Around the globe, previously isolated localities are rapidly forming connections over increasing spatial extents, through the flow of ecosystem services (ES). With the intensification of human demands, systematic research on ES over distances is urgently needed. We apply a new integrated framework of telecoupling (ie socioeconomic and environmental interactions between different places) to analyze the causes, effects, agents, and dynamics of ES flows. We focus on the world's largest water‐transfer project – China's South–North Water Transfer Project – as a basis for discussion about the broad utility of the telecoupling framework and important implications for effective governance of ES across telecoupled human and natural systems. Integration through the use of the telecoupling framework holds promise for creating sustainable solutions and avoiding unintended negative effects across multiple systems in an interconnected world.This paper is the first in an occasional series: Ecosystem Services in China.
Ultra‐long‐range hydroacoustic observations of submarine volcanic activity at Monowai, Kermadec Arc
Authors: Metz D. , Watts A. B. , Grevemeyer I. , Rodgers M. , Paulatto M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMonowai is an active submarine volcanic center in the Kermadec Arc, Southwest Pacific Ocean. During May 2011, it erupted over a period of 5 days, with explosive activity directly linked to the generation of seismoacoustic T phases. We show, using cross‐correlation and time‐difference‐of‐arrival techniques, that the eruption is detected as far as Ascension Island, equatorial South Atlantic Ocean, where a bottom moored hydrophone array is operated as part of the International Monitoring System of the Comprehensive Nuclear‐Test‐Ban Treaty Organization. Hydroacoustic phases from the volcanic center must therefore have propagated through the Sound Fixing and Ranging channel in the South Pacific and South Atlantic Oceans, a source‐receiver distance of ~15,800 km. We believe this to be the furthest documented range of a naturally occurring underwater signal above 1 Hz. Our findings, which are consistent with observations at regional broadband stations and long‐range, acoustic parabolic equation modeling, have implications for submarine volcano monitoring.
Is it possible that a gravity increase of 20 μGal yr−1 in southern Tibet comes from a wide‐range density increase?
Authors: Yi Shuang , Wang Qiuyu , Sun Wenke 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWith absolute gravimetric observations from 2010 to 2013 in the southern Tibet, Chen et al. (2016) reported a gravity increase of up to 20 μGal/yr and concluded that it is possible if there was a density increase in a disk range of 580 km in diameter. Here we used observations from the gravity satellites Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) over 12 years to evaluate whether the model was practical, because a mass accumulation in such a large spatial range is well within the detectability ability of GRACE. The gravity trend based on their model is orders of magnitude larger than the GRACE observation, thus negating its conclusions. We then evaluated contributions from seasonal variation, lakes, glaciers, rivers, precipitation, and snowfall and concluded that these factors cannot cause such a large gravity signal. Finally, we discussed some possible explanations for the gravity increase of 40 μGal in two years.
What controls the local time extent of flux transfer events?
Authors: Milan S. E. , Imber S. M. , Carter J. A. , Walach M.‐T. , Hubert B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFlux transfer events (FTEs) are the manifestation of bursty and/or patchy magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause. We compare two sequences of the ionospheric signatures of flux transfer events observed in global auroral imagery and coherent ionospheric radar measurements. Both sequences were observed during very similar seasonal and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions, though with differing solar wind speed. A key observation is that the signatures differed considerably in their local time extent. The two periods are 26 August 1998, when the IMF had components BZ≈−10 nT and BY≈9 nT and the solar wind speed was VX≈650 km s−1, and 31 August 2005, IMF BZ≈−7 nT, BY≈17 nT, and VX≈380 km s−1. In the first case, the reconnection rate was estimated to be near 160 kV, and the FTE signatures extended across at least 7 h of magnetic local time (MLT) of the dayside polar cap boundary. In the second, a reconnection rate close to 80 kV was estimated, and the FTEs had a MLT extent of roughly 2 h. We discuss the ramifications of these differences for solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling.
Empirical model of the Martian dayside ionosphere: Effects of crustal magnetic fields and solar ionizing flux at higher altitudes
Authors: Němec F. , Morgan D. D. , Gurnett D. A. , Andrews D. J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe use electron density profiles measured by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding instrument on board the Mars Express spacecraft to investigate the effects of possible controlling parameters unconsidered in the empirical model of Němec et al. (2011, hereafter N11). Specifically, we focus on the effects of crustal magnetic fields and F10.7 proxy of the solar ionizing flux at higher altitudes. It is shown that while peak electron densities are nearly unaffected by crustal magnetic fields, electron densities at higher altitudes are significantly increased in areas of stronger magnetic fields. The magnetic field inclination appears to have only a marginal effect. Moreover, while the N11 empirical model accounted for the variable solar ionizing flux at low altitudes, the high‐altitude diffusive region was parameterized only by the solar zenith angle and the altitude. It is shown that this can lead to considerable inaccuracies. A simple correction of the N11 model, which takes into account both the crustal magnetic field magnitude and the effect of F10.7 at higher altitudes, is suggested.
Simulating runoff under changing climatic conditions: Revisiting an apparent deficiency of conceptual rainfall‐runoff models
Authors: Fowler Keirnan J. A. , Peel Murray C. , Western Andrew W. , Zhang Lu , Peterson Tim J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHydrologic models have potential to be useful tools in planning for future climate variability. However, recent literature suggests that the current generation of conceptual rainfall runoff models tend to underestimate the sensitivity of runoff to a given change in rainfall, leading to poor performance when evaluated over multiyear droughts. This research revisited this conclusion, investigating whether the observed poor performance could be due to insufficient model calibration and evaluation techniques. We applied an approach based on Pareto optimality to explore trade‐offs between model performance in different climatic conditions. Five conceptual rainfall runoff model structures were tested in 86 catchments in Australia, for a total of 430 Pareto analyses. The Pareto results were then compared with results from a commonly used model calibration and evaluation method, the Differential Split Sample Test. We found that the latter often missed potentially promising parameter sets within a given model structure, giving a false negative impression of the capabilities of the model. This suggests that models may be more capable under changing climatic conditions than previously thought. Of the 282[347] cases of apparent model failure under the split sample test using the lower [higher] of two model performance criteria trialed, 155[120] were false negatives. We discuss potential causes of remaining model failures, including the role of data errors. Although the Pareto approach proved useful, our aim was not to suggest an alternative calibration strategy, but to critically assess existing methods of model calibration and evaluation. We recommend caution when interpreting split sample results.
Testing the hybrid‐3‐D hillslope hydrological model in a controlled environment
Authors: Hazenberg P. , Broxton P. , Gochis D. , Niu G.‐Y. , Pangle L. A. , Pelletier J. D. , Troch P. A. , Zeng X. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHillslopes are important for converting rainfall into runoff, influencing the terrestrial dynamics of the Earth's climate system. Recently, we developed a hybrid‐3‐D (h3D) hillslope hydrological model that gives similar results as a full 3‐D hydrological model but is up to 2–3 orders of magnitude faster computationally. Here h3D is assessed using a number of recharge‐drainage experiments within the Landscape Evolution Observatory (LEO) with accurate and high‐resolution (both temporally and spatially) observations of the inputs, outputs, and storage dynamics of several hillslopes. Such detailed measurements are generally not available for real‐world hillslopes. Results show that the h3D model captures the observed storage, base flow, and overland flow dynamics of both the larger LEO and the smaller miniLEO hillslopes very well. Sensitivity tests are also performed to understand h3Ds difficulty in representing the height of the saturated zone close to the seepage face of the miniLEO hillslope. Results reveal that a temporally constant parameters set is able to simulate the response of the miniLEO for each individual event. However, when one focuses on the saturated zone dynamics at 0.15 m from the seepage face, a stepwise evolution of the optimal model parameter for the saturated lateral conductivity parameter of the gravel layer occurs. This evolution might be related to the migration of soil particles within the hillslope. However, it is currently unclear whether and where this takes place (in the seepage face or within the parts of the loamy sand soil).
Pd‐Catalyzed Late‐Stage Monoacetoxylation and Monoiodination of 4‐Alkyl‐1,5‐diaryl‐1 H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylates via Direct Csp2−H Bond Activation
Authors: Fan Xue‐Min , Guo Ying , Li Yu‐Dan , Yu Kun‐Kun , Liu Hong‐Wei , Liao Dao‐Hua , Ji Ya‐Fei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed, late‐stage functionalization of 4‐alkyl‐1,5‐diaryl‐1 H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylates to achieve acetoxylation or iodination via Csp2−H bond activation with synthetically useful to excellent yields is described. These straightforward transformations feature highly functionalized substrates, excellent site selectivity, rapid reaction, and simple operation. The C−O and C−I bond‐forming protocols allow convenient accesses to lots of complex monoacetoxylated and monoiodinated products from pharmaceutically important intermediates. Iodoacetic acid is also used as the iodinating agent in C−H bond activation.
Effectiveness of leukotriene receptor antagonism in the postoperative management of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Yelverton Joshua C. , Holmes Thomas W. , Johnson Christopher M. , Gelves Camilo Reyes , Kountakis Stilianos E. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundMontelukast is used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma. It has been used as adjuvant therapy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), but its effectiveness has not been evaluated. This study evaluates the efficacy of adjuvant leukotriene receptor antagonism in CRS and subtypes.MethodsRetrospective review of collected data at a tertiary‐referral institution. We identified all patients who were prescribed montelukast postoperatively and had a lapse in therapy for at least 1 month (n = 50), so that the patients themselves serve as their own control group. Twenty‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcomes Test (SNOT‐20) scores and Lund‐Kennedy endoscopy scores were obtained for each patient. Scores were compared with and without montelukast using Wilcoxon signed rank test. The analysis was controlled for changes in other medications.ResultsFifty‐two therapy lapses were identified in 50 patients. Twenty‐seven patients had eosinophilic CRS with polyps (eCRSwNP), 8 had Samter's triad (ST), and 15 had allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS). Overall mean follow‐up was 46.5 months. Overall, SNOT‐20 scores and endoscopy scores were significantly lower with montelukast (p < 0.005 for both). On subgroup analysis, SNOT‐20 scores were significantly improved for patients with eCRSwNP and AFS (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Endoscopy scores were significantly improved for patients with eCRSwNP (p = 0.044). Outcomes approached, but did not reach, significance for patients with ST (p = 0.123 for SNOT‐20 and p = 0.146 for endoscopy). There was also significant improvements in patients with asthma.ConclusionThe addition of montelukast as postoperative therapy may be beneficial for patients with eCRSwNP and AFS.
Total and allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E in the serum and nasal mucosa of a nonallergic population
Authors: Reisacher William R. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundThere has been a growing interest in measuring allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) directly from the nasal mucosal epithelium of individuals with sinonasal disease. However, there is currently no normative data with which to estimate sensitivity, specificity, and the appropriate positive cutoff level for new testing methods.MethodsTwenty individuals with no history of sinonasal disease or food allergies underwent serum IgE testing and nasal mucosal brush biopsy (MBB) testing for total and sIgE to 7 common airborne allergens and 1 food allergen. The correlation between sIgE in serum and nasal samples was determined at both the 0.10‐kU/L and 0.35‐kU/L positive cutoff levels.ResultssIgE at the 0.35‐kU/L cutoff level was detected for at least 1 allergen in 7 of 20 (35%) participants in both the serum and nose. At the 0.10‐kU/L cutoff level, 8 of 20 (40%) and 19 of 20 (95%) participants had sIgE to at least 1 allergen in the serum and nose, respectively. At the 0.35‐kU/L cutoff level, total serum IgE levels were significantly higher when at least 1 allergen was detected in the nose (p = 0.01). There was a strong association between sIgE in the serum and nasal mucosa (p < 0.0001) at both cutoff levels.ConclusionThe significant association between serum and nasal samples for both total and sIgE suggests that nasal IgE and serum IgE are not independent of one another. Understanding levels of IgE in the nonallergic population will help answer the questions surrounding sensitization as new diagnostic tests for locally‐present IgE become available.
Clinicopathological features in anterior visual pathway in neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Hokari Mariko , Yokoseki Akiko , Arakawa Musashi , Saji Etsuji , Yanagawa Kaori , Yanagimura Fumihiro , Toyoshima Yasuko , Okamoto Kouichirou , Ueki Satoshi , Hatase Tetsuhisa , Ohashi Riuko , Fukuchi Takeo , Akazawa Kohei , Yamada Mitsunori , Kakita Akiyoshi , Takahashi Hitoshi , Nishizawa Masatoyo , Kawachi Izumi 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOsd) is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterized by aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) autoantibodies. The aim of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of involvement of the anterior visual pathway (AVP) and neurodegeneration via glia–neuron interaction in NMOsd.MethodsThirty Japanese patients with serologically verified NMOsd were assessed with a neuro‐ophthalmological study. Using 27 tissue blocks from 13 other cases of NMOsd, we performed neuropathological analysis of glial and neuroaxonal involvement in the AVP.ResultsThe AVP involvement in NMOsd was characterized by the following, compared to multiple sclerosis: (1) longitudinally extensive optic neuritis (ON); (2) more severe visual impairment and worse prognosis for ON; (3) unique AQP4 dynamics, including loss of AQP4 immunoreactivity on astrocytes with complement activation in ON lesions, loss of AQP4 immunoreactivity on Müller cells with no deposition of complement in the retinas, and densely packed AQP4 immunoreactivity on astrocytes in gliosis of secondary anterograde/retrograde degeneration in the optic nerves and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL); and (4) more severe neurodegeneration, including axonal accumulation of degenerative mitochondria and transient receptor potential melastatin 4 channel with complement‐dependent astrocyte pathology in ON lesions, mild loss of horizontal cells, and RNFL thinning and loss of ganglion cells with abundance of AQP4+ astrocytes, indicating secondary retrograde degeneration after ON.InterpretationSevere and widespread neuroaxonal damage and unique dynamics of astrocytes/Müller cells with alterations of AQP4 were prominent in the AVP and may be associated with poor visual function and prognosis in NMOsd. Ann Neurol 2016;79:605–624