bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of therapeutic effects of nebulized adrenaline alone, nebulized adrenaline plus injectable dexamethasone (in combination) and nebulized 3% hypertonic saline alone in clinically diagnosed cases of bronchiolitis
Authors: Verma Ishwari Prasad , Garg Pukhraj , Karnawat B. S. , Jain Anil , Verma Pradeep , Kumawat Rakesh 
Published: June 2017

Background: Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory tract infection in young children. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the common etiological agent, with highest incidence occurring between December and March. 90% of children are infected in the first 2 years of life. Infants hospitalized are more likely to have respiratory problems as older children, especially recurrent wheezing. The treatment is mainly supportive. Mild cases are managed with antipyretics, hydration and home remedies/cough formulas. Moderate cases may require humidified oxygen, parenteral fluids to maintain hydration and nebulization with bronchodilators. Nebulization with adrenaline along with IV dexamethasone more effective in terms of reduction in the duration of the symptoms and length of hospital stay.Methods: This prospective study was done for 1 year from May 2015 onwards.120 clinically diagnosed cases of bronchiolitis were included. cases were classified into 2 groups on the basis of RDAI score, Mild cases with score of 4-15 &Severe cases with score of >15. All cases were divided in 3 therapeutic groups, A- nebulized with adrenaline alone, B- single dose of IV dexamethasone and nebulized adrenaline, C- nebulized with 3% hypertonic saline alone. Nebulization was done at 0,30,60 minutes interval and then 4 hourly till improvement of symptoms.Results: Out of total 120 cases,74(61.66%) belonged to age group of 2-6 months. Males were more affected than females with ratio of 2.15:1. Most of patients (83.3%) had hyperinflated lung field in X-ray finding. Children with preterm birth had severe disease. The mean RDAI score was found to be reduced highest in adrenaline plus dexamethasone group that is 2.37±0.80 within 24 hours of admission with 26.24% reduction in the length of hospital stay as compared to group A and 20.61% as compared to group C.Conclusions: combination of nebulized adrenaline and dexamethasone is better in terms of reducing clinical severity, length of hospital stay in children with moderate severity of acute bronchiolitis in comparison to adrenaline alone and 3% hypertonic saline alone.
A study of prevalence of obesity among adolescents (10-19 years) in Jaipur city with special reference to lifestyle
Authors: Agrawal Jagdish Prashad , Gupta Virendra Kumar , Jain Madhur , Agrawal Swati 
Published: June 2017

Background: Childhood obesity is not an immediate lethal disease itself, but has a significant risk factors associated with a range of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. The aim of this study to determine the nutritional status of adolescents and to determine the proportion of adolescents having overweight and obesity.Methods: We included 1000 students aged between 10-19 years divided equally between government schools and private schools. This study was a questionnaire based study, only those adolescent children were included who volunteered. All the respondents were introduced to the topic of study and the need to collect sensitive information and were promised confidentiality of the entries.Results: The average age of the study group was 15.20±2.60 years in government schools and 15.28±2.53 years in private schools. The difference was statistically not significant (p=0.095). Among obese adolescents’ waist hip ratio is 0.013 Significant, neck circumference is 0.018 Significant, BMI is <0.001 Significant.Conclusions: Therefore, strategies for prevention of overweight, obesity, weight reduction, promotion of healthy lifestyles and regular monitoring are necessary to prevent the onset and early detection of adolescents health problems. This study has brought out important points for further study for sufficiently larger samples to confirm the epidemiological consistency of the observations made in this study.
A clinico-epidemiological study of HIV infected children in western Rajasthan
Authors: Mourya Harish Kumar , Verma Suresh Kumar , Mourya Saroj , Nangal Laxman 
Published: June 2017

Background: Assessment of clinico demographic characteristics of HIV infected children in western Rajasthan.Methods:All the children who were attending Antiretroviral treatment (ART) center for one year period were enrolled for study as pre-ART and ART group. All the data pertaining to clinical and demographic characteristics were recorded. They were further classified into clinical staging as per WHO guideline and immunological staging based on CD4 count in accordance with CDC classification of immunodeficiency.Results: Perinatal transmission is the most common mode of acquiring HIV in Pediatric age, who most commonly presented with Fever and diarrhoea along with failure to thrive. Tuberculosis and oral candidiasis were the commonest opportunistic infections in this geographic area. Conclusions: A proper history, detailed clinical examination and high index of suspicion would therefore help in making early diagnosis to institute an appropriate management plan.
Efficacy and safety of high dose hydroxyurea in transfusion dependent thalassemic children: a quasi experimental study
Authors: Suthar Kiran , Sharma Pramod , Verma Manish , Goyal Vishnu Kr. 
Published: June 2017

Background: This study was conducted to find out whether high dose hydroxyurea is an effective and safe modality, in inducing haemoglobin synthesis to decrease blood transfusion requirement in transfusion dependent thalassemics.Methods: This quasi experimental un-control before and after comparison study was conducted in Thalassemia Day Care Centre, Department of Pediatrics over a period of six months after obtaining an approval from the Institute’s ethical committee. Fifty transfusions dependent thalassemic children belonging from 2 to 18 yrs were given hydroxyurea in dose of 20mg/kg after getting consent. Pre and post intervention haemoglobin and HbF levels were obtained using Hb electrophoresis by HPLC. Paired t test was applied to find out statistical significance and p value <0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Significant rise in haemoglobin pre and post intervention (p<0.001) but the rise in HbF was not significant (p=0.110). One patient had bone marrow depression which was reversible with drug withdrawal and one patient had rise in s. creatinine.Conclusions: High dose hydroxyurea is an effective and safe drug in inducing Hemoglobin synthesis in transfusion dependent thalassemics.
Nasal/maxillofacial manifestations of head and neck injury
Authors: Patil Siddaram , P. B. Girish 
Published: June 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> A great deal of work has been directed toward using these symptoms to classify the severity of head injury. Loss of consciousness or coma and posttraumatic amnesia (difficulty in remembering new information after waking up from the coma) are the two most common symptoms used. A mild head injury is one in which the period of unconsciousness is less than twenty minutes and post traumatic amnesia lasts for less than one hour, while a head injury in which the person is unconscious for at least one day and experiences post traumatic amnesia for more than twenty four hours is considered severe<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 50 Cases coming to O.P.D and casualty of Chigateri general hospital and Bapuji hospital attached to JJM Medical College, Davangere were studied<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Evidence of C.S.F rhinorrhoea was noticed in 1(2%) case which managed conservatively. Maxillary fracture was noticed in 05 (10%) cases which were managed conservatively. Zygomatic fractures were noticed in 07 (14%) cases which were managed by open reduction and internal fixation with mini plates under general anesthesia<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Mandibular fractures were noticed in 10 (20%) of cases which were managed by open reduction and internal fixation with mini plates under general anesthesia<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>
A study on risk factors of deafness in neonates: a descriptive study
Authors: Valse Dinesh , Nagarathna H. K. 
Published: June 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Identification of newborn hearing loss is addressed in the healthy people 2010 goals, stated as “increasing the proportions of newborn who are screened for hearing loss by age one month, have audiologic evaluation by age 3 months and are enrolled in appropriate intervention services by age 6 months. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The study was conducted between October 2008 to October 2009 at Manipal Hospital, Bangalore. The study group constituted of 200 ears of 100 neonates (0-28 days) that were randomly selected. The neonates were taken from immunization clinic, newborn nursery, neonatal ward and intensive care unit of our hospital and also those referred from other hospitals. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Out of 100 the neonates aged between 1-4 days were 67, 5-9 days were 24 and between 10-28 days were 9. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">There were no neonates with low Apgar score, no family history of hearing loss, no exposure to ototoxic drugs and no neonate on mechanical ventilator.</span></p>
Efecto del desperdicio de una siderúrgica en bases y subbases granulares
Authors: Reyes Ortiz Oscar Javier , Camacho Tauta Javier Fernando 
Published: June 2017

El artículo describe el objetivo, metodología, análisis y conclusiones de varios estudios experimentales realizados en los laboratorios de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada para determinar la viabilidad del empleo del desperdicio de alto horno generada por la siderúrgica de Boyacá en la mejora de las propiedades mecá- nicas de las bases y subbases granulares empleadas para la construcción de una estructura de pavimentos. mediante la ejecución de los ensayos proctor estándar y modificado y C.B.R. de laboratorio. La metodología empleada para el desarrollo de las investigaciones se efectuó en primera fase con una caracterización del material granular y el material de desperdicio para emplear como reemplazo, posteriormente con la determinación de los porcentajes óptimos de humedad y de resistencia del material virgen y con reemplazo, finalizando con los análisis y conclusiones.
Identificación de sistemas
Authors: Avilés S. Oscar F. 
Published: June 2017

Identificación es la obtención de modelos dinámicos, ecuaciones para describir el comportamiento de un sistema a través del estudio de las señales de entrada y de salida. Podría definirse entonces como el campo de construir modelos a partir de datos experimentales, con el fin de tener herramientas fundamentales en el diseño sistemas de control.
Resultados preliminares del proyecto de investigación "Identificación y prueba de bioindicadores y recuperadores para la descontaminación de la cuenca alta del río Bogotá"
Authors: Sierra Plazas Julia 
Published: June 2017

Conscientes que la apertura al nuevo milenio conlleva a ofrecer nuevas disciplinas para enfrentar los adelantos científicos y tecnológicos, la construcción de nuevas y mejores instalaciones, el desarrollo de proyectos de investigación que involucren no sólo la participación de docentes y estudiantes de diferentes facultades, sino también entidades nacionales e internacionales; las facultades de Ingeniería y Biología Aplicada de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada han venido desarrollando algunas investigaciones en diferentes áreas; por mencionar algunas: Fractales, Polinización por insectos, Identificación de bioindicadores de contaminación en corrientes hídricas, Desarrollo de un sistemas para la eliminación de metales pesados en aguas, etc. Actualmente los programas de Ingeniería Civi ly Biología Aplicada están trabajando en la identificación y prueba de bioindicadores y recuperadores para la descontaminación en una subcuenca de la cuenca alta del río Bogotá, localizada en Villa Pinzón.
La Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros y la ética en la ingeniería nacional
Authors: Jiménez Muñoz Heberto 
Published: June 2017

La historia de la ingeniería colombiana en el período republicano se remonta a 1846 con la formulación e iniciación del Plan Vial de caminos del General Mosquera. Continúa luego con la gran etapa de construcción del sistema férreo nacional entre 1849 y 1961, cuando culmina la construcción del Ferrocarril del Atlántico. La Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros se funda como entidad rectora de la ingeniería nacional el 29 de Mayo de 1887, y en forma continua desempeña función gestora del proceso gremial y del desarrollo económico y social del país.
Constant Lethality of Gunshot Injuries From Firearm Assault: United States, 2003–2012
Authors: Cook Philip J. , Rivera-Aguirre Ariadne E. , Cerdá Magdalena , Wintemute Garen 
Published: June 2017

Objectives. To investigate the validity of the apparent downward trend in the national case–fatality rate for gunshot wounds from assault. Methods. We reanalyzed the estimated annual number of nonfatal firearm injuries the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System reported from 2003 to 2012. We adjusted the estimates for discontinuities created by the substitution of 1 hospital for another in the sample and for a downward trend in the percentage of gunshot injuries classified as “unknown circumstance.” Firearm homicide data are from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System. Results. The unadjusted National Electronic Injury Surveillance System estimate increased by 49%, yielding a decline in the case–fatality rate from 25% to 18%. Our adjustments eliminated these trends; the case–fatality rate was 22% in both 2003 and 2012. Conclusions. With reasonable adjustments, the trend in nonfatal injuries from interpersonal firearms assault tracks the flat trend in firearms homicides, suggesting that there was no increase in firearms violence during this period. The case–fatality rate did not change, and trauma care improvements did not influence the firearms homicide trend.
Biomass Production a Stronger Driver of Cellulosic Ethanol Yield than Biomass Quality
Authors: Sanford Gregg R. , Oates Lawrence G. , Roley Sarah S. , Duncan David S. , Jackson Randall D. , Robertson G. Philip , Thelen Kurt D. 
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas
Fermentable sugars were greatest in corn stover > perennial grasses > polycultures.
Corn stover had the highest ethanol content.
Miscanthus had the highest ethanol yield potential on a per hectare basis.
Ethanol yield potential per hectare of switchgrass ≥ corn stover.
Biomass yield was the strongest driver of per hectare ethanol yield.
Many crops have been proposed as feedstocks for the emerging cellulosic ethanol industry, but information is lacking about the relative importance of feedstock production and quality. We compared yield and sugar content for seven bioenergy cropping systems in south‐central Wisconsin (ARL) and southwestern Michigan (KBS) during three growing seasons (2012 through 2014). The cropping systems were (i) continuous corn stover (Zea mays L.), (ii) switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), (iii) giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef & Deuter ex Hodkinson & Renvoize), (iv) hybrid poplar (Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii A. Henry ‘NM6’), (v) native grass mix, (vi) early successional community, and (vii) restored prairie. A high‐throughput pretreatment and fermentation assay showed corn stover with the highest sugar content (213 g glucose kg−1 [Glc] and 115 g xylose kg−1 [Xyl]) followed by the two monoculture perennial grass treatments (154 [Glc] and 88 [Xyl]) and then the herbaceous polycultures (135 [Glc] and 77 [Xyl]). Biomass production and sugar content were combined to calculate ethanol yields. Miscanthus had the highest per hectare ethanol yields (1957 l ha−1 yr−1 ARL, 2485 l ha−1 yr−1 KBS) followed by switchgrass (1091 l ha−1 yr−1 ARL, 1017 l ha−1 yr−1 KBS) and corn stover (1121 l ha−1 yr−1 ARL, 878 l ha−1 yr−1 KBS). Perennial grass cropping systems (i.e., switchgrass and miscanthus) had higher per hectare ethanol yields at both sites relative to diverse systems that included dicots. Despite feedstock differences in fermentable sugars, biomass production was the strongest driver of per hectare ethanol yield.
Clinical assessment of the anti-cancer activity of the capsaicin-containing habanero pepper extract in dogs: a preliminary study
Authors: Adaszek Łukasz , Gadomska Dagmara , Staniec Marta , Gołyński Marcin , Łyp Paweł , Ziętek Jerzy , Różańska Dorota , Orzelski Maciej , Śmiech Anna , Winiarczyk Stanisław 
Published: June 2017

The aim of the study was a preliminary assessment of the anti-cancer efficacy of the capsaicin-containing habanero pepper extract in dogs. The study was conducted on a group of 50 dogs (33 females, and 17 males aged 6–18 years) diagnosed with different tumours, and 20 dogs (12 females and 8 males, aged 2-12 years) forming a control group. All animals were administered with a diet supplement based on habanero pepper extract containing capsaicin. Observations were conducted for a period of 6 months, during which time the general condition of the animals administered with the extract was monitored, and haematological as well as biochemical examinations were conducted at 2-week intervals in order to assess the tolerance of the animals to the extract. In the animals of the test group, tumour sizes were measured at monthly intervals. After the end of observations, the tumours were removed and subjected to histopathological tests. As a result of habanero pepper extract administration, the tumour size decreased by 5–50% in 15 dogs, the tumours size remained unchanged in 29 dogs, whereas tumour size increased by 10–30% in 5 animals despite the administration of the extract. The extract was well tolerated by the animals. Temporary undesirable symptoms in the form of vomiting or diarrhoea and licking of the anal region, which could stem from its administration, were observed in only nine dogs of the test group and 5 of the control group. An increase in asparagine aminotransferase (AST) activity was observed in 13 dogs of the test group, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was elevated in 11 dogs, whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased its activity in 18 dogs. Increases in total bilirubin, urea and creatinine concentration were noted in the serum of 10, 9 and 9 dogs respectively. In the control group, the AST activity increased in 7 dogs, ALT in 5, ALP in 5, and total bilirubin concentration in 6.	The preliminary clinical observations indicate that the capsaicin-containing habanero pepper extract exhibits favourable effects on different tumours in dogs and is well tolerated by the animals, thus the obtained results are a good sign for future studies on alternative medications used in dog oncology.
Envisaging Canada in a Disenchanted World: Reflections on Federalism, Nationalism, and Distinctive Indigenous Identity
Authors: Leclair Jean 
Published: June 2017

I have taught law for more than twenty years. I have gradually become convinced that jurists (like myself), political scientists, and philosophers who are interested in federalism and Indigenous issues — whether they themselves are of Indigenous origin or not — do not always take sufficient consideration of the Trickster in their understanding of these matters. Their intellectual constructions lack asperities. No provision is made for the unforeseen. Everything is just too smooth. Above all, these constructions often overestimate or underestimate the capacity of human beings to think by and for themselves.
Kahkewistahaw First Nation v Taypotat – Whither Section 25 of the Charter?
Authors: Koshan Jennifer , Hamilton Jonnette Watson 
Published: June 2017

The Supreme Court of Canada has to date delivered eight Charter equality decisions in an Aboriginal context. In the most recent case, Kahkewistahaw First Nation v Taypotat, the Court unanimously dismissed Louis Taypotat’s challenge to his community’s election code requirement that members of the First Nation running for election as Chief or Band Councillor have a Grade 12 education or its equivalent.We contend that the absence of a section 25 analysis in Taypotat was a missed opportunity, particularly because Taypotat is the only section 15(1) decision of the Supreme Court with an Aboriginal government as respondent. In the following part, we review the Court’s approach to section 25 and the potential application of section 25 in Taypotat. We conclude with a plea to litigators and the courts to move section 25 jurisprudence forward.
THE ISRAELI CONSTITUTION AND THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM
Authors: Bendor Ariel L. 
Published: June 2017

The obvious security difficulties in Israel also carry problematic political, economic and social consequences. The unique Israeli condition — as a young democratic state, whose mere existence is still not self-evident to all — also has legal implications. In Israel, the law and the courts of law are often involved in resolving political issues, including issues pertaining to foreign and security policy. This involvement is more intensive in Israel than in many other democracies.1 That is why one might be interested in comprehending some legal aspects, especially those of constitutional law, that are present in the background of Israeli reality.
Les leçons de Jordan, I : quelles sont les voies de recours extraordinaires contre un arrêt de la Cour suprême?
Authors: St-Hilaire Maxime 
Published: June 2017

Récemment, dans de très nombreuses affaires, l’approche de l’échéance procédurale qu’a introduite l’arrêt Jordan de 2016 a pu faire se demander s’il était possible d’obtenir une forme ou une autre de « suspension » judiciaire de cet arrêt. C’était l’automne dernier, surtout au Québec, où l’appréhension suscitée par l’imminente et systématique arrivée de l’échéance s’est largement traduite par une grogne populaire à l’encontre de l’arrêt, par la volonté exprimée que le poursuivant puisse s’y dérober ainsi que par une instrumentalisation politique certaine de cette grogne et de cette volonté.
Complexity and the Amending Formula
Authors: Glover Kate 
Published: June 2017

Thinking boldly about Senate reform means no longer relying on claims about Canada’s constitutional amending formula as a crutch for stagnation. Despite rhetoric to the contrary, theamending formula is not responsible for stalled progress on Senate reform. To be sure, the formula is intricate, detailed, and sustains multiple reasonable interpretations. It was difficult to entrench and requires widespread support to be changed; it calls on political actors to reach some measure of consensus in order to achieve certain constitutional reforms. However, the amending formula is neither impenetrable nor incomprehensible. It is neither a Rubik’s cube nor an instruction manual. And, it should not be cast as the scapegoat for the effects of partisanship or failures of leadership in implementing reform.
Reflections on the Kitchen Accord
Authors: Romanow Roy J 
Published: June 2017

It is, indeed, an honour to be a part of the Patriation Negotiations Conference, sponsored by the Centre for Constitutional Studies, exploring the method and substance of Canada’s most significant constitutional development since Confederation. I want to say a word about why this conference matters. Canada’s search to understand its dynamics and its values was an important step in national self-awareness. To my mind, Patriation reflects both a point of constitutional maturity and a point of sophisticated intergovernmental process.