bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving rural and remote health workforce retention amid global workforce shortages: a scoping review of evaluated workforce interventions
Authors: Onnis Leigh-ann , Hunter Tahalani 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThe aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review of a global body of scholarly and industry (grey) literature for evidence of implemented and evaluated interventions to identify best practice workforce retention strategies for organisations providing health services in rural and remote areas.Design/methodology/approachA scoping review was conducted of the scholarly and grey literature by two independent researchers. This comprised a search of four scholarly databases, and a Google and website search for grey literature. Quality checks were conducted, and a total of 15 documents were included in the literature review. Using the World Health Organisation’s categories of workforce intervention (regulatory, education, financial incentives, personal and professional support), the documents were analysed to identify effective workforce interventions.FindingsThe literature review found evidence of regulatory impacts as well as organisation-level evaluated workforce interventions for education-to-employment pathways (education), remuneration programs (financial incentives) and working and living conditions (personal and professional support) but seldom provided insight into how successful interventions were implemented or evaluated at the organisational level. Further, there was an absence of scholarship contributing to the development of empirical evidence to inform organisations about designing, implementing and evaluating workforce strategies to improve health workforce retention in rural and remote communities.Originality/valueFew studies have focused on evidence-based organisation-level interventions to improve rural and remote workforce sustainability. This article offers insights to shape future intervention implementation and evaluation research for rural and remote health workforce sustainability.
Bound phenolics extracts of jujube peel relieve cadmium‐induced toxicity by reducing lipid accumulation of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Dou Jinfeng , Shi Jieying , Fan Gongjian , Li Tingting , Zhou Dandan , Wu Caie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo investigate the effect of bound phenolics extracts (BPEs) of jujube peel on relieving cadmium (Cd)‐induced toxicity and its mechanism, the behavioral deficits, lipid accumulation, and fatty acid synthesis‐related gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans in Cd exposure group and BPEs improvement groups were determined and compared. The results showed that BPEs significantly improved Cd‐induced behavioral deficits in C. elegans, and no significant differences could be found in low‐dose (12.5 µg/mL) and high‐dose (100 µg/mL) BPEs improvement groups. The treatment of BPEs effectively improved intestinal injury and lipofuscin and lipid accumulation. Especially, oil red O staining intensity in C. elegans treated with BPEs at 50 µg/mL was reduced by 12.60%. BPEs significantly controlled the increase in content of C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2 induced by Cd by regulating the lipid accumulation in Escherichia coli OP50. Cd exposure induced lipid accumulation in C. elegans by upregulating oleic acid synthesis‐related gene expression in E. coli OP50. Furthermore, BPEs treatment significantly downregulated the fatty acid synthesis‐related gene expression in C. elegans and E. coli OP50. This research could reveal the mechanism of BPEs of jujube peel in relieving Cd‐induced toxicity and provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods rich in polyphenols.Practical ApplicationJujube peel, a by‐product of jujube processing, is usually discarded due to its coarse texture. However, jujube peel has been proven to possess abundant polyphenols, polysaccharides, and cyclic adenosine phosphate. In addition, in our previous research, bound phenolics extracts (BPEs) of jujube peel were found to perform better in lowering lipid accumulation than that of free phenolics extracts. This study further investigate the effect of BPEs of jujube peel on relieving Cd‐induced toxicity and its mechanism on the base of our previous research. It could realize the comprehensive utilization of by‐products of jujube processing.
Lentil protein and trehalose conjugates: Structural interactions and mechanisms for improving multi‐level structure and functional characteristics
Authors: Alrosan Mohammad , Maghaydah Sofyan , Al‐Qaisi Ali , Almajwal Ali Madi , Alu'datt Muhammad H. , Qudsi Farah R. Al , Tan Thuan‐Chew , Mahmood Ammar A. Razzak 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to improve lentil proteins’ (LPs) functionality and nutritional value, specifically addressing their lower water solubility and digestibility. A unique combination of LP‐disaccharide interactions was employed. Spectroscopic technologies, which include fluorescence spectra, ultraviolet spectra, and Fourier‐transform infrared, investigated the structure of LPs at various concentrations of trehalose. The results indicate that the LP structures and conformation were considerably modified (p < 0.05) following trehalose conjugation. The surface charge and hydrophobicity of the trehalose‐conjugated LPs (T‐LPs) were significantly altered (p < 0.05), from −22.7 to −31.4 and 753 and 543 a.u., respectively. Furthermore, the digestibility and solubility of T‐LPs increased from 75% to 81.8% and 60% to 66%, respectively. In conclusion, this study showed that combining LPs and trehalose conjugation could improve the quality of conjugates LPs, which could expand their use in manufacturing as the acceptance of plant‐based diets increases.Practical ApplicationCurrently, lentil proteins (LPs) are used in plant‐based protein powders and supplements. Though less popular than soy or pea proteins, LPs are valued for their high protein content and good amino acid profile. LPs are utilized in meat alternatives and high‐protein snack products. The application of these products is mainly due to their nutritional benefits rather than functional properties due to their poor water solubility. Increasing the water solubility of LPs could significantly expand their application in various food industries, making LPs a more competitive and functional plant‐based protein source. Trehalose‐conjugated LPs with better water solubility allow LPs to be used in other food products, such as plant‐based protein beverages. Better solubility would enhance the clarity and smoothness of these products, making them more appealing to consumers.
Mechanistic in vitro study of the effect of Cucurbita moschata (Cucurbitaceae) on carbohydrate digestive enzymes
Authors: Uuh‐Narvaez Jonatan Jafet , Guerrero‐Analco José A. , Monribot‐Villanueva Juan L. , Campos Maira Rubi Segura 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDiabetes is marked by postprandial hyperglycemia (PHG), an abnormal rise in blood glucose after meals. A key therapeutic goal to reduce PHG is the inhibition of α‐amylase (αAM) and α‐glucosidase (αGL), enzymes that break down carbohydrates into sugars. Cucurbita moschata has been shown to inhibit both enzymes. However, its inhibition mechanism has not been explored. This study investigated the in vitro inhibition mechanisms of αAM and αGL and conducted a metabolomic analysis of C. moschata (edible part) water‐extract (CME), aiming to preliminarily identify its bioactive compounds (BCs). The inhibitory mechanisms were determined using Lineweaver–Burk plots. The BCs were identified and quantified using HPLC‐QTOF‐MS, employing both targeted and untargeted metabolomic approaches. CME had a significant higher effect (p < 0.05) on αAM activity than against αGL with IC50 of 28.99 and 698.42 mg/mL, respectively. The extract showed mixed and uncompetitive type inhibitions on αAM and αGL, respectively. The lowest inhibition constant (Ki) was 47.68 mg/mL on αAM activity at 20 mg/mL. Untargeted metabolic profiling by UPLC‐MS‐ESI‐QTOF putatively identified 30 compounds in CME, such as amino acids, vitamins, phytohormones, fatty acids, cucurbitacins and phenolic acids, and flavonoids. Functional analysis of CME identified significant pathways, including pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis and phenylpropanoids, among others. The targeted analysis by UPLC‐MS‐ESI‐QqQ allowed us to identify 12 compounds, with l‐phenylalanine, p‐hydroxybenzoic, and p‐coumaric acid as majors. This study demonstrated the inhibitory potential of CME on αAM and αGL activities, which may be attributed to its metabolites. Thus, this plant represents a valuable source of BC against PHG.Practical Application: The research highlights that Cucurbita moschata has significant potential in managing postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic patients by inhibiting enzymes like α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase. In addition, the identification of its compounds emphasizes its importance as a source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, C. moschata could be effectively utilized in the development of nutraceuticals or as an ingredient in functional foods specifically designed for postprandial hyperglycemia management. Thus, integrating C. moschata as part of the daily diet could offer patients with diabetes a natural alternative to control their blood glucose levels after eating.
Enzymatic interesterification of perilla seed oil and palm stearin: A sustainable approach to develop a novel zero‐trans‐fat margarine rich in omega‐3 fatty acids
Authors: Dhiman Aishwarya , Chopra Rajni , Singh Priyanka Kumari , Singh Anupama , Homroy Snigdha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe study focuses on developing a novel perilla seed oil (PeO)‐based polyunsaturated fatty acid–rich margarine fat analogue using enzymatic interesterification. PeO is a rich source of omega‐3 fatty acids, however, has limited application due to susceptibility to oxidative and thermal degradation. Moreover, low consumption of omega‐3 fatty acids in modern diets serves as a major cause for increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. The stability of such oils can be improved by techniques like blending and interesterification. However, blending lacks uniformity, which can be overcome by interesterification. The process conditions, namely, enzyme load, temperature, substrate molar ratio, and reaction time, were systematically optimized using response surface methodology. The optimized interesterified fat was characterized for fatty acid and triacylglyceride (TAG) composition. The physicochemical and functional properties, along with oxidative stability, were also evaluated to determine its overall quality. The structured lipid with zero trans and low saturated fat was developed with 50:50 substrate molar ratio of PeO and palm stearin at 54°C within 5.4 h at 6.2% w/w concentration of TLIM enzyme. It exhibited 23.8% degree of interesterification, 435.5 g hardness, and 33°C slip melting point. The TAG profile of the resulting fat was significantly modified with increased triunsaturated TAGs like LnLnLn and LnLnL but reduced trisaturated TAGs like PPP. The interesterification process lowered tocopherol composition by 3%. The acid, peroxide, IP (Induction Period), and p‐anisidine values of PeO significantly enhanced. The thermal behavior of the developed fat was also modified. The textural properties of margarine developed from optimized fat were comparable to commercial margarine, revealing the application of PeO in healthy margarine formulation.
Rare but relevant: Methamphetamine and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lappin Julia M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEvidence from a number of paradigms suggests that methamphetamine use is associated with increased risk for the development of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism, and that it may be associated with the premature development of Parkinson's disease. Prevalence of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism is greater in both methamphetamine users and people who previously used methamphetamine, and evidence from animal studies provides a plausible mechanism for this observation. Despite this increased risk, Parkinson's disease is rarely diagnosed in methamphetamine users. Reasons for this may include under‐detection, premature mortality, and individual and substance use characteristics which moderate the risk, including higher rates of smoking. Clinicians should be vigilant to signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism in methamphetamine users.
Accuracy of MRI in detecting seminal vesicle invasion in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Thomas , Graham Petra L. , Cao Brooke , Nalavenkata Sunny , Patel Manish I. , Kim Lawrence 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo determine the diagnostic test accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in detecting seminal vesicle invasion (SVI).MethodsThe Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), PubMed, the Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) and Cochrane databases were search up to May 2023. We included studies that investigated the accuracy of mpMRI in detecting SVI when compared to radical prostatectomy specimens as the reference standard. Data extraction was performed by two independent reviewers to construct 2 × 2 tables, as well as patient and study characteristics. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with the Quality of Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 tool. Sensitivity and specificity were pooled and presented graphically with summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) plots.ResultsA total of 27 articles with 4862 patients were included for analysis. The summary sensitivity and specificity were 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45–0.68) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.92–0.99), respectively. Meta‐regression indicated that there was no evidence that coil strength (P = 0.079), coil type (P = 0.589), year of publication (P = 0.503) or use of the Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (P = 0.873) significantly influenced these results. The summary diagnostic odds ratio was 28.3 (95% CI 15.0–48.8) and the area under the curve for the SROC curve was 0.87. The I2 statistic was a modest 11.9%. In general, methodological quality was good.ConclusionThe use of mpMRI in detecting SVI has excellent specificity but poor sensitivity. Both endorectal coils and magnetic field strength do not significantly impact the accuracy of MRI. These findings suggest that mpMRI cannot reliably rule out SVI in patients with prostate cancer.
Chicoric acid exerts therapeutic effects in DSS‐induced ulcerative colitis by targeting the USP9X/IGF2BP2 axis
Authors: Chen Wei , Shan Yunan , Wang Meng , Liang Rui , Sa Ri 
Published: October 2024

Background and PurposeChicoric acid, a hydroxycinnamic acid, exhibits anti‐inflammation activities. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the effects of chicoric acid on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis remain unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of chicoric acid in DSS‐induced colitis.Experimental ApproachMice with DSS‐induced colitis (UC mice) were treated for a week with chicoric acid. Symptoms of colitis, colonic pathology, inflammation‐related indicators, and intestinal mucosal barrier function were evaluated. RNA sequencing was performed on colon tissues to obtain differentially expressed genes. The deubiquitinating enzyme USP9X was selected, and the inhibitory and targeting effects of chicoric acid on USP9X were subsequently determined. In vivo and in vitro, DSS‐induced colitis was treated with USP9X inhibitors WP1130 and EOAI3402143. Ubiquitination label‐free quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to identify protein peptides that may undergo de‐ubiquitination by USP9X. Co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP), immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to validate in vivo and in vitro results.Key ResultsChicoric acid significantly alleviated clinical activity and histological changes, inhibited pro‐inflammatory cytokine production and improved integrity of the intestinal barrier in UC mice. Moreover, chicoric acid suppressed USP9X expression in colonic tissues from UC mice. Furthermore, USP9X contributed to promoting the onset of UC and that insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) was deubiquitinated by USP9X.Conclusion and ImplicationsChicoric acid ameliorated DSS‐induced colitis by targeting the USP9X/IGF2BP2 axis, indicating that targeting the USP9X/IGF2BP2 axis presents a promising and innovative therapeutic approach for the treatment of UC.
Modified Rules for Classification of Variants Associated With Disorders of Somatic Mosaicism
Authors: Leon‐Quintero Fernando Zazueta , Bowling Kevin M. , Dickson Alexa , Corliss Meagan M. , Schroeder Molly C. , Neidich Julie A. , Heusel Jonathan W. , Krysiak Kilannin , Polonis Katarzyna , Parikh Bijal A. , Cao Yang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDisorders of somatic mosaicism (DoSMs) are rare genetic disorders arising from postzygotic alteration leading to segmental/nonsegmental disease. Current professional guidelines for standardized variant interpretation focus on germline and cancer variants, making them suboptimal for DoSM variant interpretation. The Brain Malformations Variant Curation Expert Panel (BMVCEP) modified existing guidelines to account for brain‐specific disorders of somatic mosaicism, but applicability to other DoSM presentations is limited. At Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, we have adopted the BMVCEP interpretation framework but suggested alterations that make it more suitable for generalized DoSM variant classification. These modifications include (1) expanding applicability beyond genes associated with brain malformations, (2) introduction of a criterion to interpret truncating variants at the C‐terminus of gain of function genes, (3) establishment of a variant allele fraction (VAF) cutoff for applying de novo criteria, and (4) demonstration that in silico prediction tools are relevant to interpretation of gain of function missense variants. Furthermore, modifications to BMVCEP guidelines reduce the number of variants classified as uncertain. The variant classification considerations that we propose have the potential to improve the accuracy of somatic variant classification, better inform clinical care, and may benefit clinical laboratories also conducting DoSM testing.
Single‐nucleus transcriptomics reveals subsets of degenerative myonuclei after rotator cuff tear‐induced muscle atrophy
Authors: Sun Ziying , Cheng Xi , Wang Zheng , Qiao Chenfeng , Qian Hong , Yuan Tao , Lv Zhongyang , Sun Wenshuang , Zhang Hanwen , Liu Yuan , Lu Zhihao , Lin Jintao , Lai Chengteng , Wang Yang , Yang Xiaojiang , Wang Xingyun , Meng Jia , Bao Nirong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRotator cuff tear (RCT) is the primary cause of shoulder pain and disability and frequently trigger muscle degeneration characterised by muscle atrophy, fatty infiltration and fibrosis. Single‐nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA‐seq) was used to reveal the transcriptional changes in the supraspinatus muscle after RCT. Supraspinatus muscles were obtained from patients with habitual shoulder dislocation (n = 3) and RCT (n = 3). In response to the RCT, trajectory analysis showed progression from normal myonuclei to ANKRD1+ myonuclei, which captured atrophy‐and fatty infiltration‐related regulons (KLF5, KLF10, FOSL1 and BHLHE40). Transcriptomic alterations in fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) and muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) have also been studied. By predicting cell–cell interactions, we observed communication alterations between myofibers and muscle‐resident cells following RCT. Our findings reveal the plasticity of muscle cells in response to RCT and offer valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of RCT.
Activation of Automatic Tube Compensation Mode Attenuates Auto‐PEEP in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
Authors: Moghaddam Omid Moradi , Mohammadi Shahab , Sedighi Mohsen , Amanollahi Alireza , Zaman Behrooz , Alimian Mahzad , Soltani Mansoor , Lahiji Mohammad Niakan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionDynamic hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) results in intrinsic positive end‐expiratory pressure (auto‐PEEP). Automatic tube compensation (ATC) is used to increase airway pressure in COPD and overcome endotracheal tube (ETT)–imposed respiratory workload. We aim to investigate effects of ATC activation on auto‐PEEP decrease in COPD.MethodsATC was activated three times a day (1 min duration) in the morning, evening, and night shift. Auto‐PEEP was measured for the 1 min period (every 6 s) following ATC activation. Linear mixed model (LMM) was used to measure changes in auto‐PEEP and compare with baseline value. Age, gender, and COPD types were inserted in model as covariates and analyzed using SPSS.ResultsA total of 60 patients including COPD (n = 40) and COPD with exacerbation (n = 20) were included. Compared with exacerbated COPD, baseline auto‐PEEP in COPD was significantly lower in morning (p = 0.011), evening (p = 0.043), and night shift (p = 0.007). After ATC activation, auto‐PEEP decreased significantly in COPD in morning, evening, and night (p = 0.001), but magnitude of this decrease was notably larger in COPD than in exacerbated COPD (p = 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between COPD exacerbation and changes in auto‐PEEP in morning (β = −0.27, p = 0.001), evening (β = −0.16, p = 0.001), and night (β = −0.26, p = 0.001).ConclusionThe activation of ATC mode in COPD patients under mechanical ventilation could decrease the value of auto‐PEEP. Nevertheless, COPD patients with an exacerbation appear to benefit less from ATC activation.
The Relationship of Vitamin A and Neonatal Respiratory Diseases: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Ruoyu , Li Zhongliang , Zhai Qingfeng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study systematically analyzes the relationship of vitamin A on the neonatal respiratory diseases. An extensive literature search for relevant studies was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and so on. After screening in strict accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 articles on vitamin A deficiency and 12 articles on vitamin A supplementation were included. Stata 17.0 software was used to perform meta‐analysis, heterogeneity test, and sensitivity analysis, and the corresponding mathematical model was used to merge the data. The meta‐analysis results of the relationship between vitamin A deficiency and neonatal respiratory diseases indicated that compared with the neonates with normal vitamin A, the neonates with vitamin A deficiency had adverse health outcomes of neonatal respiratory diseases (OR = 4.86, 95% CI: 2.68–8.84), of which neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) (OR = 4.10, 95% CI: 2.32–7.23) and neonatal pneumonia (OR = 3.22, 95% CI: 2.18–4.77) were analyzed by subgroup analysis. The meta‐analysis of the relationship between vitamin A supplementation therapy and neonatal respiratory diseases showed that vitamin A supplementation was an effective therapeutic measure for neonatal respiratory diseases (RR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04–1.07): NRDS (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02–1.05) and NBPD (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01–1.15). The funnel chart method results show that there was publication bias in studies on vitamin A deficiency induced to and vitamin A supplementation therapy for neonatal respiratory diseases. The sensitivity analysis results showed that excluding some special article had some effect on the final pooled effect. But generally speaking, the result of meta‐analysis was stable. There is a statistical correlation of vitamin A on the neonatal respiratory diseases from two aspects of etiological exploration and effect evaluation of treatment.