bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
World Knowledge as Indirect Supervision for Document Clustering
Authors: Wang Chenguang , Song Yangqiu , Roth Dan , Zhang Ming , Han Jiawei 
Published: December 2016

One of the key obstacles in making learning protocols realistic in applications is the need to supervise them, a costly process that often requires hiring domain experts. We consider the framework to use the world knowledge as indirect supervision. World knowledge is general-purpose knowledge, which is not designed for any specific domain. Then, the key challenges are how to adapt the world knowledge to domains and how to represent it for learning. In this article, we provide an example of using world knowledge for domain-dependent document clustering. We provide three ways to specify the world knowledge to domains by resolving the ambiguity of the entities and their types, and represent the data with world knowledge as a heterogeneous information network. Then, we propose a clustering algorithm that can cluster multiple types and incorporate the sub-type information as constraints. In the experiments, we use two existing knowledge bases as our sources of world knowledge. One is Freebase, which is collaboratively collected knowledge about entities and their organizations. The other is YAGO2, a knowledge base automatically extracted from Wikipedia and maps knowledge to the linguistic knowledge base, WordNet. Experimental results on two text benchmark datasets (20newsgroups and RCV1) show that incorporating world knowledge as indirect supervision can significantly outperform the state-of-the-art clustering algorithms as well as clustering algorithms enhanced with world knowledge features.A preliminary version of this work appeared in the proceedings of KDD 2015 [Wang et al. 2015a]. This journal version has made several major improvements. First, we have proposed a new and general learning framework for machine learning with world knowledge as indirect supervision, where document clustering is a special case in the original paper. Second, in order to make our unsupervised semantic parsing method more understandable, we add several real cases from the original sentences to the resulting logic forms with all the necessary information. Third, we add details of the three semantic filtering methods and conduct deep analysis of the three semantic filters, by using case studies to show why the conceptualization-based semantic filter can produce more accurate indirect supervision. Finally, in addition to the experiment on 20 newsgroup data and Freebase, we have extended the experiments on clustering results by using all the combinations of text (20 newsgroup, MCAT, CCAT, ECAT) and world knowledge sources (Freebase, YAGO2).
Hypergraph Partitioning for Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication
Authors: Ballard Grey , Druinsky Alex , Knight Nicholas , Schwartz Oded 
Published: December 2016

We propose a fine-grained hypergraph model for sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM), a key computational kernel in scientific computing and data analysis whose performance is often communication bound. This model correctly describes both the interprocessor communication volume along a critical path in a parallel computation and also the volume of data moving through the memory hierarchy in a sequential computation. We show that identifying a communication-optimal algorithm for particular input matrices is equivalent to solving a hypergraph partitioning problem. Our approach is nonzero structure dependent, meaning that we seek the best algorithm for the given input matrices.
In addition to our three-dimensional fine-grained model, we also propose coarse-grained one-dimensional and two-dimensional models that correspond to simpler SpGEMM algorithms. We explore the relations between our models theoretically, and we study their performance experimentally in the context of three applications that use SpGEMM as a key computation. For each application, we find that at least one coarse-grained model is as communication efficient as the fine-grained model. We also observe that different applications have affinities for different algorithms.
Our results demonstrate that hypergraphs are an accurate model for reasoning about the communication costs of SpGEMM as well as a practical tool for exploring the SpGEMM algorithm design space.
Evaluation of Parameterizations of Incoming Longwave Radiation in the High-Mountain Region of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhu Meilin , Yao Tandong , Yang Wei , Xu Baiqing , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAccurate evaluations of incoming longwave radiation (Lin) parameterization have practical implications for glacier and river runoff changes in high-mountain regions of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). To identify potential means of accurately predicting spatiotemporal variations in Lin, 13 clear-sky parameterizations combined with 10 cloud corrections for all-sky atmospheric emissivity were evaluated at five sites in high-mountain regions of the TP through temporal and spatial parameter transfer tests. Most locally calibrated parameterizations for clear-sky and all-sky conditions performed well when applied to the calibration site. The best parameterization at five sites is Dilley and O’Brien’s A model combined with Sicart et al.’s A for cloud-correction-incorporated relative humidity. The performance of parameter transferability in time is better than that in space for the same all-sky parameterizations. The performance of parameter transferability in space presents spatial discrepancies. In addition, all all-sky parameterizations show a decrease in performance with increasing altitude regardless of whether the parameters of all-sky parameterizations were recalibrated by local conditions or transferred from other study sites. This may be attributable to the difference between screen-level air temperature and the effective atmospheric boundary layer temperature and to different cloud-base heights. Nevertheless, such worse performance at higher altitudes is likely to change because of terrain, underlying surfaces, and wind systems, among other factors. The study also describes possible spatial characteristics of Lin and its driving factors by reviewing the few studies about Lin for the mountain regions of the TP.
Characteristics of VIRS Signals within Pixels of TRMM PR for Warm Rain in the Tropics and Subtropics
Authors: Chen Yilun , Fu Yunfei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMany data-merging studies of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite involve the integration of high-resolution Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) signals (~2 km) with low-resolution Precipitation Radar (PR) footprint (~5 km) to obtain comprehensive information from observations. Based on the merged dataset, “warm rain” is generally identified as having averaging 10.8-μm brightness temperatures (TB10.8) exceeding 273 K and the existence of surface rainfall. However, this integration may lead to the misidentification of warm rain because the beam-filling problem (nonuniform TB10.8 in PR pixels) is not fully considered through the method using high-resolution TB10.8 to match low-resolution rainfall. To assess the bias that is associated with identifying warm rain, a new dataset that includes all VIRS signals within the PR resolution is established, and the characteristics of this warm rain in the summers of 1998–2012 are analyzed. The results show that clear-sky pixels and “cold” pixels probably exist in some apparent warm-rain cases (60.5% and 11.2% of the time, respectively). According to this finding, warm-rain pixels are divided into pixels with and without clear sky. Statistical analysis shows that the existence of clear-sky pixels has a huge influence on the characteristics of the warm-rain pixels. The implications of this study are that many of the warm-rain cases are in fact not warm rain. When studying warm rain, the situation whereby the edges of pixels are clear sky should be fully considered. Also, when computing the weighted average brightness temperature and other characteristics of warm-rain pixels, parts that are clear-sky or cold pixels should be expelled to mitigate beam-filling problems.
Toward Completing the Raindrop Size Spectrum: Case Studies Involving 2D-Video Disdrometer, Droplet Spectrometer, and Polarimetric Radar Measurements
Authors: Thurai Merhala , Gatlin Patrick , Bringi V. N. , Petersen Walter , Kennedy Patrick , Notaroš Branislav , Carey Lawrence 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAnalysis of drop size distributions (DSD) measured by collocated Meteorological Particle Spectrometer (MPS) and a third-generation, low-profile, 2D-video disdrometer (2DVD) are presented. Two events from two different regions (Greeley, Colorado, and Huntsville, Alabama) are analyzed. While the MPS, with its 50-μm resolution, enabled measurements of small drops, typically for drop diameters below about 1.1 mm, the 2DVD provided accurate measurements for drop diameters above 0.7 mm. Drop concentrations in the 0.7–1.1-mm overlap region were found to be in excellent agreement between the two instruments. Examination of the combined spectra clearly reveals a drizzle mode and a precipitation mode. The combined spectra were analyzed in terms of the DSD parameters, namely, the normalized intercept parameter NW, the mass-weighted mean diameter Dm, and the standard deviation of mass spectrum σM. The inclusion of small drops significantly affected the NW and the ratio σM/Dm toward higher values relative to using the 2DVD-based spectra alone. For each of the two events, polarimetric radar data were used to characterize the variation of radar-measured reflectivity Zh and differential reflectivity Zdr with Dm from the combined spectra. In the Greeley event, this variation at S band was well captured for small values of Dm (<0.5 mm) where measured Zdr tended to 0 dB but Zh showed a noticeable decrease with decreasing Dm. For the Huntsville event, an overpass of the Global Precipitation Measurement mission Core Observatory satellite enabled comparison of satellite-based dual-frequency radar retrievals of Dm with ground-based DSD measurements. Small differences were found between the satellite-based radar retrievals and disdrometers.
Premonsoon Drought in India Observed from Space
Authors: Liu W. Timothy , Xie Xiaosu 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Satellite observations between 2007 and 2015 are used to characterize the annual occurrence of the premonsoon drought (PMD), which causes human death and economic hardship in India, and to postulate its scientific causes. The PMD is identified as the driest and hottest weeks in central India just before the summer monsoon onset. The onset is marked by a sharp increase in precipitation and soil moisture and a decrease in air temperature. The difference between integrated moisture transported in from the Arabian Sea and out to the Bay of Bengal is largely deposited as rain over land during the summer monsoon. The PMD occurs during the short period when moisture is drawn out to the Bay of Bengal before it can be replenished from the Arabian Sea. The time gap is caused by the earlier start of summer monsoon (southwest) winds in the Bay of Bengal than in the Arabian Sea. Sea surface temperature rise precedes the start of summer monsoon wind in both the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, and it has the potential to give advance warning of the PMD and thus allow mitigation of the adverse effects.
On the Optimal Measuring Area for Pointwise Rainfall Estimation: A Dedicated Experiment with 14 Laser Disdrometers
Authors: Tapiador F. J. , Navarro A. , Moreno R. , Jiménez-Alcázar A. , Marcos C. , Tokay A. , Durán L. , Bodoque J. M. , Martín R. , Petersen W. , de Castro M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Laser disdrometers measure the particle size distribution (PSD) of hydrometeors through a small cross-sectional (tens of square centimeters) surface. Such a limited area induces a sampling effect in the estimates of the PSD, which translates to error in the reflectivity–rain-rate (Z–R) relationship used for ground radar estimates of rainfall, estimates of kinetic energy of precipitation, and any other hydrometeorological application relying on particle size information. Here, the results of a dedicated experiment to estimate the extent of the effect of limited area sampling of rainfall are presented. Using 14 Parsivel, version 1 (Parsivel-1), disdrometers placed within 6 m2, it was found that the combined area of at least seven disdrometers is required for the estimates to start converging to a stable value. The results can be used to quantify the degree of over-/underestimation of precipitation parameters for a single instrument due to the limited collecting area effect. It has been found that a single disdrometer may underestimate instantaneous rain rate by 70%.
Derivation of Clear-Air Turbulence Parameters from High-Resolution Radiosonde Data
Authors: Martini E. , Freni A. , Cuccoli F. , Facheris L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe knowledge of atmospheric refractive index structure constant () profiles is fundamental to determine the intensity of turbulence, and hence the impact of the scintillation impairment on the signals propagating in the troposphere. However, their relation with atmospheric variables is not straightforward, and profiles based on statistical considerations are normally employed. This can be a shortcoming when performing simulations for which scintillation disturbances need to be consistent with the assumed atmospheric conditions. To overcome this limitation, this work describes a procedure to obtain an estimate of the refractive index structure constant profile of clear-air turbulence under given atmospheric conditions. The procedure is based on the application of the vertical gradient approach to high-resolution radiosonde data. Since turbulence is known to be confined to vertically thin layers, a preliminary identification of turbulent layers is required. This is accomplished by analyzing the profiles of the Richardson number. The value of the outer scale length is estimated using the Thorpe length calculated from the potential temperature profile. The procedure is applied to high-resolution radiosonde data that have been acquired from the Stratosphere–Troposphere Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC) Data Center, and the obtained results are consistent with measured profiles previously published in the literature.
Using High-Resolution Simulations to Quantify Underestimates of Tornado Intensity from In Situ Observations
Authors: Dahl Nathan A. , Nolan David S. , Bryan George H. , Rotunno Richard 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Large-eddy simulations are used to produce realistic, high-resolution depictions of near-surface winds in translating tornadoes. The translation speed, swirl ratio, and vertical forcing are varied to provide a range of vortex intensities and structural types. Observation experiments are then performed in which the tornadoes are passed over groups of simulated sensors. Some of the experiments use indestructible, error-free anemometers while others limit the range of observable wind speeds to mimic the characteristics of damage indicators specified in the enhanced Fujita (EF) scale. Also, in some of the experiments the sensors are randomly placed while in others they are positioned in regularly spaced columns perpendicular to the vortex tracks to mimic field project deployments.
Statistical analysis of the results provides quantitative insight into the limitations of tornado intensity estimates based on damage surveys or in situ measurements in rural or semirural areas. The mean negative bias relative to the “true” global maximum 3-s gust at 10 m AGL (the standard for EF ratings) exceeds 10 m s−1 in all cases and 45 m s−1 in some cases. A small number of sensors are generally sufficient to provide a good approximation of the running time-mean maximum during the period of observation, although the required spatial resolution of the sensor group is still substantially higher than that previously attained by any field program. Because of model limitations and simplifying assumptions, these results are regarded as a lower bound for tornado intensity underestimates in rural and semirural areas and provide a baseline for further inquiry.
Temperament traits in 4-year-old children born prematurely – may they suggest a threat for mental functioning?
Authors: Klimek Małgorzata , Nitecka Magdalena , Dutkowska Grażyna , Gilarska Maja , Kwinta Przemko 
Published: December 2016

Cel pracyCelem pracy była ocena funkcjonowania emocjonalnego i określenie cech temperamentu u dzieci 4-letnich urodzonych przedwcześnie z masą ciała ≤1500 g, a także stwierdzenie częstości występowania u nich cech ze spektrum autystycznego.MetodaDo badania zaproszono dzieci w wieku 4 lat, przedwcześnie urodzone (wiek płodowy ≤ 32. tygodnia, masa urodzeniowa ≤1500 g). U 86 dzieci wykonano badanie lekarskie z oceną funkcji motorycznych, wzroku i słuchu, pomiary antropometryczne oraz badanie psychologiczne Międzynarodową Skalą Wykonaniową Leitera P-93, ocenę pomiaru zdolności werbalnych Testem Słownikowym dla Dzieci (TSD) oraz badanie kwestionariuszem Temperamentu EAS-C i kwestionariuszem CAST.
Rodzice dziecka proszeni byli o wypełnienie kwestionariuszy demograficznych dotyczących stanu socjo-ekonomicznego rodziny oraz udziału dziecka w zajęciach wczesnego wspomagania rozwoju i w zajęciach przedszkolnych.WynikiW badaniu kwestionariuszem Temperamentu EAS-C stwierdzono istotnie częściej nadmierną aktywność i obniżoną emocjonalność. Dzieci mniej dojrzałe i mniejsze przy urodzeniu charakteryzowały się małą emocjonalnością. Dzieci, u których uzyskano wynik badania kwestionariuszem CAST ≥ 12 punktów, były istotnie mniejsze przy urodzeniu, częściej występowała u nich retinopatia wcześniacza oraz osiągnęły gorsze wyniki badań neurorozwojowych – skali Leitera oraz Testu Słownikowego Dla Dzieci.WnioskiDzieci urodzone przedwcześnie zagrożone są częstszym występowaniem nadaktywności oraz objawów ze spektrum autyzmu. Bardzo istotne jest zbadanie cech temperamentu oraz rozpoznanie tych problemów, aby jak najwcześniej rozpocząć działania terapeutyczne.
Benefits and challenges of role-emerging placements of student occupational therapists in HIV service organisations
Authors: Sharmin Rabeya , Jung Bonny , Shimmell Lorie , Solomon Patricia 
Published: December 2016

Background and aims: Recognising the importance of occupational therapy for people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has led to the possibility of promoting and integrating services in HIV service organisations through role-emerging placements for student occupational therapists. The objective of this study was to investigate the benefits and challenges of role-emerging placements of student occupational therapists in HIV service organisations. Methods: This study employed qualitative methods to understand the perspectives of student occupational therapists, HIV service organisation staff, an occupational therapy preceptor, and people with HIV following 8-week role-emerging placements of student occupational therapists in HIV service organisations. Transcribed interviews were analysed using content analysis to identify themes. Findings: Results highlighted the following benefits: 1) Reinforcing professional skills; 2) Developing competency in providing rehabilitation services for people with HIV; 3) Shining a light on the role of occupational therapy; and 4) Empowering HIV service organisations. Challenges included: 1) Starting the groundwork; and 2) Building relationships. Conclusion: The placements of student occupational therapists in HIV service organisations can foster the integration of occupational therapy services in these organisations to maintain the optimum community responses. Findings also demonstrated the value that role-emerging placements have in increasing the competencies of the student occupational therapists as future rehabilitation professionals.
Applied research: building the evidence base for health sector development
Authors: Thunhurst Colin , Randall Sue 
Published: December 2016

Background: Over recent years, there has been a growth of interest in applied research. With the continuing explosion in academically focused peer-reviewed publishing, researchers have been forced to reconsider the relevance of their work and its relationship to key health sector developments. Contents: In this article, we consider the nature of applied research—how does it differ from pure research, translational research, action research and/or monitoring and evaluation? We present a case study example drawn from a currently active area of applied research. We consider the fundamental questions that have to be considered by applied researchers: How can they retain methodological rigour?; Does he who pays the piper unduly call the tune?; Is the ‘opportunism’ of applied research compatible with ethical considerations?; Is an academic environment the most appropriate one in which to undertake applied research? Conclusions: The need for applied research has never been more pressing; yet executing it has never been more problematic. Notwithstanding the methodological and practical problems encountered, we argue that it plays a vital role in the development of health systems and of health systems researchers.
TÉCNICAS NÃO INVASIVAS PARA REDUÇÃO DA LIPODISTROFIA LOCALIZADA: EVIDÊNCIAS ATUAIS. ÊNFASE NO TRATAMENTO COM CRIOLIPÓLISE.
Authors: De Oliveira Crippa Valdinara 
Published: December 2016

A busca pela satisfação da beleza estética e bem estar físico é uma preocupação presente na sociedade, e isso tem contribuído para o aumento crescente do número de clientes que procuram os tratamentos estéticos para minimizar as imperfeições corporais. A lipodistrofia localizada tem sido um dos maiores motivos dessa procura, e a solução dessa patologia tem sido cada vez mais a preferência por métodos que não limitem a rotina diária. Massagem modeladora, ultrassom, radiofrequência, vacuoterapia, eletrolipoforese e criolipólise são algumas das principais técnicas não invasivas disponíveis no mercado estético para o tratamento da lipodistrofia localizada, sendo a mais recente, a criolipólise, com um número cada vez maior de adeptos devido resultado altamente eficiente com menor número de sessões. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo abordar o conceito e as principais características da lipodistrofia localizada e apresentar esses principais tratamentos não invasivos para a disfunção. Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, apontando as evidências científicas da utilização desses recursos. Os resultados encontrados foram significativos e satisfatórios, apontando a eficácia desses tratamentos. Concluiu-se então que as técnicas não invasivas apresentadas são eficazes na redução de medidas corporais e no tratamento da lipodistrofia localizada, quando aplicadas corretamente a partir de protocolos cientificamente comprovados.
REGULAÇÃO DE PRODUTOS SANEANTES NO BRASIL: REGISTRO, NOTIFICAÇÃO, EMBALAGEM E ROTULAGEM
Authors: Gabriel Gonçalves Ana Caroline , Lima Almeida Samara 
Published: December 2016

Produtos saneantes com diversas finalidades de uso são cada vez mais populares no mercado brasileiro. Os consumidores buscam produtos que mantenham suas casas e ambientes limpos e livres de pragas. A crescente utilização de saneantes trouxe consigo uma maior responsabilidade de sua regularização. A Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária é responsável pela aprovação e fiscalização pós mercado destes produtos de forma a garantir qualidade e segurança. Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma revisão de legislações que abordam registro, notificação, embalagem e rotulagem de saneantes. Estas legislações foram criadas com o intuito de orientar empresas produtoras, assim como os usuários quanto à atualização das informações importantes que devem constar no rótulo de cada produto, assim como as principais características das embalagens. Essas informações são importantes para ajudar os consumidores a utilizar produtos de forma apropriada, identificar sua legitimidade bem como sua qualidade e prevenir acidentes.