bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polygenic loading for major depression is associated with specific medical comorbidity
Authors: McCoy T H , Castro V M , Snapper L , Hart K , Januzzi J L , Huffman J C , Perlis R H 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMajor depressive disorder frequently co-occurs with medical disorders, raising the possibility of shared genetic liability. Recent identification of 15 novel genetic loci associated with depression allows direct investigation of this question. In cohorts of individuals participating in biobanks at two academic medical centers, we calculated polygenic loading for risk loci reported to be associated with depression. We then examined the association between such loading and 50 groups of clinical diagnoses, or topics, drawn from these patients' electronic health records, determined using a novel application of latent Dirichilet allocation. Three topics showed experiment-wide association with the depression liability score; these included diagnostic groups representing greater prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders, greater prevalence of cardiac ischemia, and a decreased prevalence of heart failure. The latter two associations persisted even among individuals with no mood disorder diagnosis. This application of a novel method for grouping related diagnoses in biobanks indicate shared genetic risk for depression and cardiac disease, with a pattern suggesting greater ischemic risk and diminished heart failure risk.
An evaluation of the effects of intensity and duration on outcomes across treatment domains for children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Linstead E , Dixon D R , Hong E , Burns C O , French R , Novack M N , Granpeesheh D 
Published: September 2017

AbstractApplied behavior analysis (ABA) is considered an effective treatment for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and many researchers have further investigated factors associated with treatment outcomes. However, few studies have focused on whether treatment intensity and duration have differential influences on separate skills. The aim of the current study was to investigate how treatment intensity and duration impact learning across different treatment domains, including academic, adaptive, cognitive, executive function, language, motor, play, and social. Separate multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate these relationships. Participants included 1468 children with ASD, ages 18 months to 12 years old, M=7.57 years, s.d.=2.37, who were receiving individualized ABA services. The results indicated that treatment intensity and duration were both significant predictors of mastered learning objectives across all eight treatment domains. The academic and language domains showed the strongest response, with effect sizes of 1.68 and 1.85 for treatment intensity and 4.70 and 9.02 for treatment duration, respectively. These findings are consistent with previous research that total dosage of treatment positively influences outcomes. The current study also expands on extant literature by providing a better understanding of the differential impact that these treatment variables have across various treatment domains.
Detecting transit signatures of exoplanetary rings using SOAP3.0
Authors: Akinsanmi B. , Oshagh M. , Santos N. C. , Barros S. C. C. 
Published: September 2017

Context. It is theoretically possible for rings to have formed around extrasolar planets in a similar way to that in which they formed around the giant planets in our solar system. However, no such rings have been detected to date.
Aims. We aim to test the possibility of detecting rings around exoplanets by investigating the photometric and spectroscopic ring signatures in high-precision transit signals.
Methods. The photometric and spectroscopic transit signals of a ringed planet is expected to show deviations from that of a spherical planet. We used these deviations to quantify the detectability of rings. We present SOAP3.0 which is a numerical tool to simulate ringed planet transits and measure ring detectability based on amplitudes of the residuals between the ringed planet signal and best fit ringless model.
Results. We find that it is possible to detect the photometric and spectroscopic signature of near edge-on rings especially around planets with high impact parameter. Time resolution ≤7 min is required for the photometric detection, while 15 min is sufficient for the spectroscopic detection. We also show that future instruments like CHEOPS and ESPRESSO, with precisions that allow ring signatures to be well above their noise-level, present good prospects for detecting rings.
Otitis Externa in Secondary Care: A Change in Our Practice Following a Full Cycle Audit
Authors: Liu Zhaobo , Slim Mohd , Scally Catherine 
Published: September 2017

Introduction Patients presenting with otitis externa are a common thing in otolaryngology units. However, the practice has not been standardized due to a lack of consensus over the management of this condition in secondary care. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline has been published targeting the general practitioners, but it may be relevant in cases of hospital first-time attenders.
Objective To conduct an audit of the investigative and prescription practice for hospital first-time attenders in our department against the NICE guideline for otitis externa.
Methods The case notes of the patients presenting with otitis externa were reviewed. The data collation included the performance of ear swabs and choice of eardrops.
Results An initial audit showed that ear swabs were sent in 14 out of 19 cases, of which 11 grew either Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus (organisms that are sensitive to empirical treatment). A re-audit showed higher adherence to NICE recommendations, with ear swabs sent in only 3 out of 25 cases. The initial audit also demonstrated Sofradex (Sanofi-Aventis, Paris, France) as the most popular empirical eardrop. Following our recommendation, the re-audit showed that Betnesol-N (GSK, Brentford, UK) was administered in 24 out of 25 cases.
Conclusion We recommend Betnesol-N due to its cost-effectiveness. Ear swabs should be reserved for refractory cases only. Posters and email reminders are effective means of disseminating information within the hospital.
The Amelioration of Insulin Resistance in Salt Loading Subjects by Potassium Supplementation is Associated with a Reduction in Plasma IL-17A Levels
Authors: Wen Wen , Wan Zhaofei , Zhou Dong , Zhou Juan , Yuan Zuyi 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background High dietary salt intake contributes to the development of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases including metabolic syndrome (MetS) which potassium supplementation can potentially reverse. T helper (Th) 17 cells as well as its production interleukin (IL)-17A are involved in the pathogenesis of MetS. The polarization of Th17 cells and enhanced IL-17A production induced by high salt might increase the risk of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases.
Methods 45 normotensive subjects (aged 29 to 65 years) were enrolled from a rural community of Northern China at random. All of the participants were maintained on a low-salt (3 g/day) diet for 7 days, a high-salt (18 g/day) diet for 7 days, and then a high-salt diet with potassium supplementation (4.5 g/day, KCl) for another 7 days. Insulin resistance (IR) was determined based on the homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR).
Results Participants exhibited increased plasma insulin level, as well as progressed HOMA-IR, during a high-salt diet intervention, which potassium supplementation reversed. Moreover, after salt loading, the plasma IL-17A concentrations increased significantly (4.2±2.1 pg/mL to 9.7±5.1 pg/mL; P<0.01), whereas dropped considerably when dietary potassium was supplemented (9.7±5.1 pg/mL to 2.0±0.9 pg/mL; P<0.001). Statistically significant correlations were found between changes in HOMA-IR and changes in plasma IL-17A concentrations during the interventions (low- to high-salt: r=0.642, P<0.01; high-salt to potassium supplementation: r=0.703, P<0.01). Based on multivariate regression analysis, plasma IL-17A showed as an independent predictor of IR.
Conclusions The amelioration of salt-loading-induced IR by potassium supplementation in participants may be related to the reduction in plasma IL-17A concentration.
Das Parsonage-Turner-Syndrom
Authors: Katzer Alexander , Niedermauntel Wolf-Peter , Rump Jörg 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDie neuralgische Schultermyatrophie (Parsonage-Turner-Syndrom) ist eine selten auftretende, akute periphere Neuropathie des Plexus cervicobrachialis. Die genaue Ursache der Erkrankung ist nicht bekannt. Die Diagnose kann aufgrund der Anamnese und körperlichen Untersuchung gestellt werden. Ergänzend ist die Durchführung einer Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) der betroffenen Schulter und ggf. der HWS zum Ausschluss konkurrierender Ursachen sinnvoll. Eine spezifische Therapie existiert nicht. Die Erkrankung heilt in Abhängigkeit von der Intensität der Erstmanifestation in etwa 50 – 67% der Fälle innerhalb von 2 bis 3 Jahren aus. Bei unvollständiger Erholung können neurologische Defizite verbleiben, insbesondere nach wiederholten Attacken an derselben Extremität.
Psychoneuroimmunologie und Autoimmunerkrankungen – eine paradigmatische Herausforderung
Authors: Schubert Christian , Hannemann Julian 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Psychoneuroimmunologie (PNI) befasst sich mit dem Einfluss psychischer Faktoren auf das Immunsystem und die körperliche Gesundheit, wobei neuroendokrine netzwerkartige Verbindungen als vermittelnd gelten. Die Autoimmunerkrankungen (AIK) gehören zu jenen Krankheiten, bei der psychoneuroimmunologische Untersuchungen klare Zusammenhänge zwischen Stressoren und Entzündungsanstiegen aufzeigen. Weiter konnten bei AIK-Patienten Entzündungsreduktionen bei positiven Emotionen nachgewiesen werden. Forschungsergebnisse integrativer Einzelfallstudien, deren biopsychosozialer Untersuchungszugang der Komplexität der PNI besser Rechnung trägt als die konventionellen Forschungsdesigns der Biomedizin (z.B. Randomized Controlled Trials [RCT]), bestätigen diese Zusammenhänge und geben darüber hinaus wertvolle Hinweise auf mögliche biopsychosoziale Entstehungswege von AIK. Gerade weil die Ursachen vieler AIK bisher ungeklärt sind, gewinnt der ganzheitliche Behandlungsansatz der Komplementär- und Alternativmedizin vor diesem Hintergrund an Bedeutung.
Lebensstil und Demenz – Befunde und Überlegungen
Authors: Walach Harald , Loef Martin 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Fokus der Demenzforschung liegt nach wie vor auf der Untersuchung der molekularen, pathophysiologischen Mechanismen. Wir umreißen in diesem Beitrag einige unserer Befunde, die aus systematischen Überblicksarbeiten der Literatur herrühren. Daraus kann man ableiten, dass Demenz sehr wohl einige Zusammenhänge mit Verhalten, vor allem mit dem Lebensstil und der Ernährung aufweist und daher auch durch entsprechende Lebensstiländerungen präventiv und aktiv angegangen werden kann. Die Empfehlungen, die wir daraus für unser lebensstilbasiertes Präventionsprogramm abgeleitet haben, sind ähnlich denen, die relativ generisch auch für andere chronische Krankheiten gelten, mit einigen demenzspezifischen Besonderheiten. Wichtig ist dabei neben der Vermeidung und allenfalls sachgerechten Ausleitung von Schwermetallen in der Ernährung eine gute Balance von Omega-3- und Omega-6-Fettsäuren, Vorsicht mit Zucker und mit rasch in Zucker metabolisierbaren Kohlehydraten und daher eher eine ketogene bzw. dieser ähnliche Ernährungsform mit viel Antioxidantien, ein normaler Body-Mass-Index sowie ausreichende Bewegung, gute Sozialkontakte und am besten eine regelmäßige Form der Bewusstseinskultur, etwa Meditation oder Achtsamkeit. Wir haben eine Lebensstildiagnostik zusammengestellt, die allgemein verfügbar ist.
Integrative Behandlung von Patienten mit Parkinson
Authors: Mutter Joachim 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungIn den meisten Fällen ist die Ursache einer Morbus-Parkinson-Erkrankung unklar. Die konventionellen Behandlungsoptionen sind nicht immer ausreichend oder werden aufgrund unerwünschter Wirkungen von den Patienten abgelehnt.Verschiedene Studien legen den Einfluss von Umweltfaktoren auf die Entstehung neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen wie Morbus Parkinson nahe. Insbesondere Schwermetallbelastungen durch Zahnmaterialien scheinen eine Rolle zu spielen.Mit einer integrativen Therapie, die u. a. die Ernährung, den Mikronährstoffstatus, Schwermetallbelastungen und mögliche neurotrope Infektionen berücksichtigt, kann der Behandlungserfolg erheblich verbessert bzw. die Krankheitsprogression gestoppt werden.
„Sozial bedeutet nicht unbedingt nett“
Authors: Niklas Anke 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Franca Parianen hat in Münster und Utrecht Sozial- und Neurowissenschaften studiert. Nach Stationen am Helmholtz Institut Utrecht, der Universität Oxford, am Jacobs Center for Lifelong Learning in Bremen, forschte sie 2014–2017 am Max-Planck-Institut für Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften in Leipzig. Seit 08/2017 ist sie wieder am Helmholtz Institut in Utrecht tätig. Zu ihren Forschungsschwerpunkten zählen die neuronalen und evolutionären Grundlagen des menschlichen Sozialverhaltens. Neben ihrer Forschungsarbeit tritt Parianen bei Science Slams, u. a. bei medizinischen Kongressen, auf.
Evaluation of Cannabinoid and Terpenoid Content: Cannabis Flower Compared to Supercritical CO2 Concentrate
Authors: Sexton Michelle , Shelton Kyle , Haley Pam , West Mike 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA recent cannabis use survey revealed that 60% of cannabis users rely on smelling the flower to select their cannabis. Olfactory indicators in plants include volatile compounds, principally represented by the terpenoid fraction. Currently, medicinal- and adult-use cannabis is marketed in the United States with relatively little differentiation between products other than by a common name, association with a species type, and Δ-9 tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol potency. Because of this practice, how terpenoid compositions may change during an extraction process is widely overlooked. Here we report on a comparative study of terpenoid and cannabinoid potencies of flower and supercritical fluid CO2 (SC-CO2) extract from six cannabis chemovars grown in Washington State. To enable this comparison, we employed a validated high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector methodology for quantification of seven cannabinoids and developed an internal gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for quantification of 42 terpenes. The relative potencies of terpenoids and cannabinoids in flower versus concentrate were significantly different. Cannabinoid potency increased by factors of 3.2 for Δ-9 tetrahydrocannabinol and 4.0 for cannabidiol in concentrates compared to flower. Monoterpenes were lost in the extraction process; a ketone increased by 2.2; an ether by 2.7; monoterpene alcohols by 5.3, 7 and 9.4; and sesquiterpenes by 5.1, 4.2, 7.7, and 8.9. Our results demonstrate that the product of SC-CO2 extraction may have a significantly different chemotypic fingerprint from that of cannabis flower. These results highlight the need for more complete characterization of cannabis and associated products, beyond cannabinoid content, in order to further understand health-related consequences of inhaling or ingesting concentrated forms.
Evolutionary diversification of protein–protein interactions by interface add-ons
Authors: Plach Maximilian G. , Semmelmann Florian , Busch Florian , Busch Markus , Heizinger Leonhard , Wysocki Vicki H. , Merkl Rainer , Sterner Reinhard 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceProteins adopt no more than a thousand folds, and the number of different protein–protein interface geometries is restricted to around 1,000, too. Given this limited structural repertoire, it has remained elusive how hundreds of thousands of specific protein–protein interactions evolved and how unspecific interactions are avoided. We report on a strategy to solve this dilemma, which is the integration of additional structural elements at the interface periphery that guarantee specificity. We named these elements “interface add-ons” to reflect the benefit they provide to protein interfaces, as software add-ons do to web browsers or as additional bits turn a master key into a special key.
Expressing conditionality in Mandarin
Authors: Chen Weiying , Evers-Vermeul Jacqueline 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAfter a broad overview of Mandarin Chinese conditionality marking, this paper presents a corpus-based analysis of two conditional connectives,rúguǒandzhǐyào(both translatable as ‘if’), from a syntactic and a cognitive perspective. We examine their use in narrative and informative texts along four parameters: clause order, position of the connective within the clause, domain, and counterfactuality. For all parameters, the two connectives displayed robust profiles across genres. Both connectives preferred an antecedent-consequent clause order. They displayed flexibility in their position, behaving like adverbs, withrúguǒshowing a stronger preference for the pre-subject position thanzhǐyào. In terms of domains,zhǐyàohas a stronger preference for content conditionals thanrúguǒ, which is also frequently used in the epistemic domain. In our data, onlyrúguǒwas used meta-metaphorically and in counterfactuals. We argue that both connectives can be translated with ‘if’, butzhǐyàoalso matches ‘so/as long as’.
West Germanic monosyllabic lengthening and Gothic breaking as partially Proto-Germanic developments
Authors: Hill Eugen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe paper deals with two Germanic sound changes which are traditionally believed to postdate the disintegration of the Proto-Germanic parent language. The lengthening in several monosyllables, attested in West Germanic languages, is usually believed to be an innovation of this branch. The so-called Gothic breaking is similarly thought of as belonging exclusively to East Germanic. The paper shows that there is evidence suggesting a Proto-Germanic age for parts of both sound changes, in particular for a lengthening in monosyllabic words ending in PGmc *-r and for a lowering of PGmc *i if followed by *r. Proto-Germanic possessed at least three pronoun-based place adverbs formed with PGmc *-r, cf. Gothƕar‘where’ fromƕa-‘what’,þar‘there’ fromþa-‘that’ andhēr‘here’ fromhi-‘this here’. The vocalism of these adverbs did not match that of the corresponding pronouns on two points. First, the vowels of the adverbs were probably long. Second, the close PGmc *ẹ̄ (Gothē, OHGia) of ‘here’ did not match PGmc *i in the corresponding pronoun. The paper assumes that the long vowels of the place adverbs emerged by a lengthening of etymologically short vowels in monosyllablic words ending in PGmc *-r. The timbre difference between PGmc *ẹ̄ in ‘here’ and PGmc *i in the corresponding pronoun for ‘this here’ is accounted for by a lowering of PGmc *i before *r. Both postulated developments must have been operating already in Proto-Germanic times but the lowering must have chronologically preceded the lengthening. The paper introduces the data supporting the assumptions made and discusses the apparent counterevidence.
Carbon tax effects on the poor: a SAM-based approach
Authors: Chapa Joana , Ortega Araceli 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA SAM-based price model for Mexico is developed in order to assess the effects of the carbon tax, which was part of the fiscal reform approved in 2014. The model is formulated based on a social accounting matrix (SAM) that distinguishes households by the official poverty condition and geographical area. The main results are that the sector that includes coke, refined petroleum and nuclear fuel shows the highest price increase due to the direct impact of the carbon tax; in addition, air transport and inland transport are the most affected sectors, in an indirect manner, because both employ inputs from the former sector. Also, it is found that welfare diminishes more in the rural strata than in the urban one. In the urban area, the carbon tax is regressive: the negative impact of carbon tax on family welfare is greater on the poorest families.
Factors Associated With Medical School Graduates’ Intention to Work With Underserved Populations: Policy Implications for Advancing Workforce Diversity
Authors: Garcia Andrea N. , Kuo Tony , Arangua Lisa , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
Given projected U.S. physician shortages across all specialties that will likely impact underserved areas disproportionately, the authors sought to explore factors most correlated with medical school graduates’ intention to work with underserved populations (IWUP).

Method
Data from the 2010–2012 Association of American Medical Colleges Medical School Graduation Questionnaire (n = 40,846) were analyzed. Variables (demographics, career preference, debt burden, intention to enter loan forgiveness programs) were examined using chi-square tests and logistic regression models.

Results
Respondents included 49.5% (20,228/40,846) women, 16.6% (6,771/40,837) underrepresented minorities (URMs), and 32.4% (13,034/37,342) with primary care intent. The median educational debt was $160,000. Respondents who were women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49, 1.70), URMs (aOR 2.50, 95% CI 2.30, 2.72), intended to enter loan forgiveness programs (aOR 2.44, 95% CI 2.26, 2.63), intended to practice primary care (aOR 1.65, 95% CI 1.54, 1.76), and intended to emphasize nonclinical careers (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.11, 1.37) had greater odds of reporting IWUP. Among those who chose specialties and careers with a nonclinical emphasis, and among those with greater burdens of educational and consumer debt, URMs were nearly twice as likely as other minorities and whites to report IWUP.

Conclusions
Findings suggest physician characteristics that may be associated with filling workforce gaps in underserved areas. Restructuring financial incentive programs to support physician leaders and specialists with characteristics associated with IWUP may complement similar policies in primary care and could have key impacts on health equity in underserved areas.
Upper Eyelid Splitting to Facilitate the Insertion of Glaucoma Drainage Devices
Authors: Provencher Lorraine M. , Carter Keith D. , Nerad Jeffrey A. , Alward Wallace L.M. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To describe a new application for vertical splitting of the upper eyelid, a technique traditionally used for orbital access, to facilitate glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation in patients with poor surgical exposure.

Methods:
Case series.

Cases:
We present a case of Möbius syndrome with complete restriction of the extraocular muscles, followed by a case of cicatricial narrowing of the palpebral fissures due to chronic allergic dermatitis. Both patients had severe, medically uncontrolled glaucoma, but poor surgical exposure precluded implantation of a GDD. Both cases underwent vertical splitting of the upper eyelid, which allowed for adequate exposure of the superior globe quadrants and successful implantation of a GDD.

Conclusions:
A variety of congenital or acquired conditions result in narrowing of the palpebral fissure or restriction of extraocular motility. When these patients have concurrent advanced glaucoma, inadequate surgical exposure can impede necessary surgical intervention. Use of a vertical upper eyelid split technique allows for access to the superior globe and facilitates implantation of a GDD.