bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of Drug Overdose to Educational Gradients in Life Expectancy in the United States, 1992–2011
Authors: Ho Jessica Y. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Since the mid-1990s, the United States has witnessed a dramatic rise in drug overdose mortality. Educational gradients in life expectancy widened over the same period, and drug overdose likely plays a role in this widening, particularly for non-Hispanic whites. The contemporary drug epidemic is distinctive in terms of its scope, the nature of the substances involved, and its geographic patterning, which influence how it impacts different education groups. I use vital statistics and National Health Interview Survey data to examine the contribution of drug overdose to educational gradients in life expectancy from 1992–2011. I find that over this period, years of life lost due to drug overdose increased for all education groups and for both males and females. The contribution of drug overdose to educational gradients in life expectancy has increased over time and is greater for non-Hispanic whites than for the population as a whole. Drug overdose accounts for a sizable proportion of the increases in educational gradients in life expectancy, particularly at the prime adult ages (ages 30–60), where it accounts for 25 % to 100 % of the widening in educational gradients between 1992 and 2011. Drug overdose mortality has increased more rapidly for females than for males, leading to a gender convergence. These findings shed light on the processes driving recent changes in educational gradients in life expectancy and suggest that effective measures to address the drug overdose epidemic should take into account its differential burden across education groups.
Metabolic network failures in Alzheimer's disease: A biochemical road map
Authors: Toledo Jon B. , Arnold Matthias , Kastenmüller Gabi , Chang Rui , Baillie Rebecca A. , Han Xianlin , Thambisetty Madhav , Tenenbaum Jessica D. , Suhre Karsten , Thompson J. Will , John‐Williams Lisa St. , MahmoudianDehkordi Siamak , Rotroff Daniel M. , Jack John R. , Motsinger‐Reif Alison , Risacher Shannon L. , Blach Colette , Lucas Joseph E. , Massaro Tyler , Louie Gregory , Zhu Hongjie , Dallmann Guido , Klavins Kristaps , Koal Therese , Kim Sungeun , Nho Kwangsik , Shen Li , Casanova Ramon , Varma Sudhir , Legido‐Quigley Cristina , Moseley M. Arthur , Zhu Kuixi , Henrion Marc Y.R. , van der Lee Sven J. , Harms Amy C. , Demirkan Ayse , Hankemeier Thomas , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Trojanowski John Q. , Shaw Leslie M. , Saykin Andrew J. , Weiner Michael W. , Doraiswamy P. Murali , Kaddurah‐Daouk Rima 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe Alzheimer's Disease Research Summits of 2012 and 2015 incorporated experts from academia, industry, and nonprofit organizations to develop new research directions to transform our understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and propel the development of critically needed therapies. In response to their recommendations, big data at multiple levels are being generated and integrated to study network failures in disease. We used metabolomics as a global biochemical approach to identify peripheral metabolic changes in AD patients and correlate them to cerebrospinal fluid pathology markers, imaging features, and cognitive performance.MethodsFasting serum samples from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (199 control, 356 mild cognitive impairment, and 175 AD participants) were analyzed using the AbsoluteIDQ‐p180 kit. Performance was validated in blinded replicates, and values were medication adjusted.ResultsMultivariable‐adjusted analyses showed that sphingomyelins and ether‐containing phosphatidylcholines were altered in preclinical biomarker‐defined AD stages, whereas acylcarnitines and several amines, including the branched‐chain amino acid valine and α‐aminoadipic acid, changed in symptomatic stages. Several of the analytes showed consistent associations in the Rotterdam, Erasmus Rucphen Family, and Indiana Memory and Aging Studies. Partial correlation networks constructed for Aβ1–42, tau, imaging, and cognitive changes provided initial biochemical insights for disease‐related processes. Coexpression networks interconnected key metabolic effectors of disease.DiscussionMetabolomics identified key disease‐related metabolic changes and disease‐progression‐related changes. Defining metabolic changes during AD disease trajectory and its relationship to clinical phenotypes provides a powerful roadmap for drug and biomarker discovery.
Practical Report on Long-term Disaster Mental Health Services Following the Great East Japan Earthquake: Psychological and Social Background of Evacuees in Sendai City in the Mid- to Long-term Post-disaster Period
Authors: Orui Masatsugu , Harada Shuichiro , Hayashi Mizuho ,   for the Disaster Mental Health Team of the Sendai City Mental Health and Welfare Center
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred on March 11, 2011, caused unprecedented damage. To address evacuees’ psychosocial issues, our disaster mental health team provided psychosocial support in the form of careful listening and providing information for reconstruction.MethodsTo summarize evacuees’ psychosocial issues, we reviewed records of our daily activities and analyzed factors related to continuation or termination of support. Terminated support was defined as the resolution or improvement of psychological issues relative to the time of initial support.ResultsBased on logistic regression analysis, living in prefabricated temporary housing (odds ratio [OR]: 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19-0.72), a high number of improved stress symptoms (0.81; 95% CI: 0.67-0.99), and higher support frequency (0.84; 95% CI: 0.78-0.90) were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of continuing support. Conversely, economic and resettlement issues (2.75; 95% CI: 1.63-4.64) and high numbers of stress symptoms (1.24; 95% CI: 1.06-1.45) were strongly and significantly associated with continuing support, particularly in the mid- to long-term phase following the earthquake (ie, after August 1, 2011). No significant association was found between support status and alcohol problems or disaster-related experiences (eg, loss of family or housing).ConclusionOur findings highlight the need to be aware of evacuees’ social issues such as resettlement in the mid- to long-term post-disaster phase. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:439–450)
Why peace endures: an analysis of post-conflict stabilisation
Authors: Caplan Richard , Hoeffler Anke 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article is concerned with explaining why peace endures in countries that have experienced a civil armed conflict. We use a mixed methods approach by evaluating six case studies (Burundi, East Timor, El Salvador, Liberia, Nepal, Sierra Leone) and survival analysis that allows us to consider 205 peace episodes since 1990. We find that it is difficult to explain why peace endures using statistical analysis but there is some indication that conflict termination is important in post-conflict stabilisation: negotiated settlements are more likely to break down than military victories. We also consider the impact of UN peacekeeping operations on the duration of peace but find little evidence of their contribution. However, in situations where UN peacekeeping operations are deployed in support of negotiated settlements they do seem to contribute to peace stabilisation.
Travelling for treatment; does distance and deprivation affect travel for intensity-modulated radiotherapy in the rural setting for head and neck cancer?
Authors: Cosway B , Douglas L , Armstrong N , Robson A 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjective:NHS England has commissioned intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancers from Newcastle hospitals for patients in North Cumbria. This study assessed whether travel distances affected the decision to travel to Newcastle (to receive intensity-modulated radiotherapy) or Carlisle (to receive conformal radiotherapy).Methods:All patients for whom the multidisciplinary team recommended intensity-modulated radiotherapy between December 2013 and January 2016 were included. Index of multiple deprivation scores and travel distances were calculated. Patients were also asked why they chose their treating centre.Results:Sixty-nine patients were included in this study. There were no significant differences in travel distance (p= 0.53) or index of multiple deprivation scores (p= 0.47) between patients opting for treatment in Carlisle or Newcastle. However, 29 of the 33 patients gave travel distance as their main reason for not travelling for treatment.Conclusion:Quantitatively, travel distance and deprivation does not impact on whether patients accept intensity-modulated radiotherapy. However, patients say distance is a major barrier for access. Future research should explore how to reduce this.
More stereotypes, please! The limits of ‘theory of mind’ and the need for further studies on the complexity of real world social interactions
Authors: Andrews Kristin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractI suggest that the Stereotype Rationality Hypothesis (Jussim 2012) is only partially right. I agree it is rational to rely on stereotypes, but in the complexity of real world social interactions, most of our individuating information invokes additional stereotypes. Despite assumptions to the contrary, there is reason to think theory of mind is not accurate, and social psychology's denial of stereotype accuracy led us toward mindreading/theory of mind – a less accurate account of how we understand other people.
Trustworthiness perception at zero acquaintance: Consensus, accuracy, and prejudice
Authors: Bonnefon Jean-François , Hopfensitz Astrid , Neys Wim De 
Published: March 2017

AbstractResearch on trustworthiness perception from faces has unfolded in a way that is strikingly reminiscent of Jussim's narrative in his 2012 book. Jussim's analysis warns us against overemphasizing evidence about prejudice over evidence about accuracy, when both are scant; and reminds us to hold all accounts to the same standards, whether they call on societal biases or true signals.
Perceptions versus interpretations, and domains for self-fulfilling prophesies
Authors: Church Jennifer 
Published: March 2017

AbstractI suggest two ways in which Jussim's extensive discussion (in his 2012 book) could be enriched: first, by exploring the distinction between perceptual judgments and interpretive judgments; second, by considering the power of expectations to be self-fulfilling in the case of young children and the case of fragile egos.
Stereotypes violate the postmodern construction of personal autonomy
Authors: Martin Chris C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIndividual autonomy, as constructed in the postmodern era, is violated by stereotypes, which makes stereotype accuracy morally unpalatable. Yet people are clustered and homogenized by social forces, entailing some accuracy in stereotypes. This tension can be ameliorated by unveiling the constructed nature of autonomous selfhood, and explaining why social clustering has occurred and been adaptive.
The social neuroscience of biases in in-and-out-group face processing
Authors: Terbeck Sylvia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe validity and reliability of stereotypes in social perception confirms traditional early social psychological research. Already in 1954 Gordon Allport stated that stereotypes might have a “kernel of truth.” Recent research in social neuroscience, however, contradicts Lee Jussims’ (2012) claim that the application of stereotypes increases accuracy in person perception. Person perception is inaccurate as it is insufficient when it involves only one factor (even if that factor was a reliable predictor).
There is more to memory than inaccuracy and distortion
Authors: Wagoner Brady 
Published: March 2017

AbstractExaggerated claims about inaccuracy and downplaying veracity can also be found in research on memory. This commentary on Jussim's 2012 book analyzes these developments in connection with schema and the misinformation effect's purported role in memory distortion. It concludes by looking back to the locus classicus of memory distortion (viz. Bartlett 1932), which in fact provides a more nuanced account of inaccuracy.
Two faces of social-psychological realism
Authors: Wilson Nicholas Hoover , Huang Julie Y. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis commentary places Jussim (2012) in dialogue with sociological perspectives on social reality and the political-academic nature of scientific paradigms. Specifically, we highlight how institutions, observers, and what is being observed intersect, and discuss the implications of this intersection on measurement within the social world. We then identify similarities between Jussim's specific narrative regarding social perception research, with noted patterns of scientific change.
Attention and memory benefits for physical attractiveness may mediate prosocial biases
Authors: Becker David Vaughn 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMating motivations can explain attractiveness benefits, but what proximate mechanisms might serve as efficient causes of these biases? There is growing evidence that visual cues of physical attractiveness capture attention and facilitate memory, enhancing salience in ways that could underlie, for example, preferring one job applicant over another. All of these effects beg deeper questions about the meaning of attractiveness.
Omitted evidence undermines sexual motives explanation for attractiveness bias
Authors: LaFrance Marianne , Eagly Alice H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis commentary makes three points: (1) the existing evidence does not consistently favor the proposed sex difference in attractiveness preferences, nor the fitness-related outcomes of attractiveness; (2) the neglected association of perceived attractiveness and trustworthiness allowed the authors to incorrectly attribute many findings solely to attractiveness, and (3) the importance accorded attractiveness in mate preferences is culturally shaped and likely evolutionarily novel.
The out-of-my-league effect
Authors: Lec Fabrice Le , Alexopoulos Theodore , Boulu-Reshef Béatrice , Fayant Marie-Pierre , Zenasni Franck , Lubart Todd , Jacquemet Nicolas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhen taking into account the chances of success, strategic mating motivations do imply a bias not toward the most attractive individuals, but toward average or mildly attractive individuals, undermining the explanation of Maestripieri et al. at a fundamental level. This leaves open the possibility of alternative explanations and calls for a full-fledged explicit model of courtship behavior.
What does evolutionary theory add to stereotype theory in the explanation of attractiveness bias?
Authors: Maguire Kirby Q. , Racine Timothy P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMaestripieri et al. seem to put forth an argument in which they become vulnerable to some of the same criticisms that they level against stereotype theory As a result, the explanatory utility of their account of attractiveness bias comes into question, and it is unclear whether it offers anything superior to stereotype theory in conceptual soundness.
The wolf will live with the lamb
Authors: Ronay Richard , Tybur Joshua M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMaestripieri et al. pit evolutionary psychology against social psychological and economic perspectives in a winner-take-all empirical battle. In doing so, they risk positioning evolutionary psychology as an antagonistic subdisciplinary enterprise. We worry that such a framing may exacerbate tensions between “competing” scientific perspectives and limit evolutionary psychology's potential to serve as a unifying core theory.
The nature and extent of terrestrial protected area coverage on the UK's Overseas Territories
Authors: WILKINSON NICHOLAS I. , HALL JONATHAN G. , VICKERY JULIET A. , BUCHANAN GRAEME M. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYSignatories to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) agreed to the effective protection of at least 17% of the terrestrial environment by 2020 (Aichi Target 11). Here, we assess the coverage of terrestrial protected areas (land protected by legislation) on the UK's Overseas Territories. These 14 Territories are under the sovereignty of the UK, a signatory of the CBD, and are particularly biodiverse. Eight Territories have protected areas covering 17% or more of their land, but the extent of protection across these Territories as a whole is low, with only 4.8% of this land designated as protected. This protection covered 51% of sites already identified as of conservation importance (Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas), although only 8% of the area of these sites was protected. The expansion of effective protection to meet the 17% target provides an opportunity to capture the most important sites for conservation. Locally led designation will require an improvement in knowledge of the distribution and density of species. This, together with measures to ensure that the protection is enforced and effective, will require provision of resources. This should be seen as an investment in the UK meeting its obligations to Aichi Target 11.
New Atom Probe Tomography Reconstruction Algorithm for Multilayered Samples: Beyond the Hemispherical Constraint
Authors: Rolland Nicolas , Vurpillot François , Duguay Sébastien , Mazumder Baishakhi , Speck James S. , Blavette Didier 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAccuracy of atom probe tomography measurements is strongly degraded by the presence of phases that have different evaporation fields. In particular, when there are perpendicular interfaces to the tip axis in the specimen, layers thicknesses are systematically biased and the resolution is degraded near the interfaces. Based on an analytical model of field evaporated emitter end-form, a new algorithm dedicated to the 3D reconstruction of multilayered samples was developed. Simulations of field evaporation of bilayer were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the new algorithm. Compared to the standard state-of-the-art reconstruction methods, the present approach provides much more accurate analyzed volume, and the resolution is clearly improved near the interface. The ability of the algorithm to handle experimental data was also demonstrated. It is shown that the standard algorithm applied to the same data can commit an error on the layers thicknesses up to a factor 2. This new method is not constrained by the classical hemispherical specimen shape assumption.
Interventionen zur Pflegediagnose „Akute Schmerzen“ – Evaluation der schmerzlindernden Pflege bei hospitalisierten Patientinnen und Patienten nach Hüftendoprothesenversorgung im Vergleich zur Pflegedokumentation mittels Q-DIO-Pain: eine Mixed Methods Studie
Authors: Zanon David C. , Gralher Dieter , Müller-Staub Maria 
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Nach einem Hüftgelenksersatz beeinflussen Schmerzen die Rehabilitation. Fragestellung: Wie schätzen Patient(inn)en nach Hüftgelenksersatz die Qualität der erhaltenen Pflegeinterventionen bezüglich „Akuter Schmerzen“, im Vergleich zu den dokumentierten Interventionen ein? Methode: In einem Mixed Methods Design erfolgte am dritten postoperativen Tag eine Patientenbefragung (n = 37) mittels Fragebogen und Numerischer Rating Skala zum Schmerzerleben sowie eine Dokumentenanalyse mithilfe des Messinstruments Q-DIO-Pain. Dieses wurde adaptiert an das validierte Messinstrument „Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes“ (Q-DIO). Die Ergebnisse der Patientenbefragung wurden anschließend mit den Q-DIO-Pain Resultaten verglichen und mittels Interviews vergleichend validiert. Ergebnisse: Die häufigste genannte Schmerzstärke war null (NRS 0 – 10). Bei Bewegungen berichteten 17 – 50 % der Patient(inn)en jedoch über Schmerzstärken von drei und höher, und 11 – 22 % von fünf und höher. Zwischen den von Patient(inn)en angegebenen Interventionen und denjenigen in der Patientenakte zeigten sich, außer einer signifikanten Übereinstimmung bei „Unterstützung, die Medikamente anzupassen“ (n = 32; ICC = 0,111; p = 0,042; CI 95 % 2-seitig), keine signifikanten Übereinstimmungen. Interviews bestätigten, dass viel mehr Maßnahmen zur Pflegediagnose „Akute Schmerzen“ durchgeführt wurden als dokumentiert. Schlussfolgerung: Aufgrund der gefundenen Schmerzwerte bei Mobilisationen empfehlen wir verbesserte Schmerzassessments, Eingehen auf Schmerzen in Bewegungssituationen und die Einführung eines Pflegestandards „Schmerz“.
Endogenous opioids regulate moment-to-moment neuronal communication and excitability
Authors: Winters Bryony L. , Gregoriou Gabrielle C. , Kissiwaa Sarah A. , Wells Oliver A. , Medagoda Danashi I. , Hermes Sam M. , Burford Neil T. , Alt Andrew , Aicher Sue A. , Bagley Elena E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFear and emotional learning are modulated by endogenous opioids but the cellular basis for this is unknown. The intercalated cells (ITCs) gate amygdala output and thus regulate the fear response. Here we find endogenous opioids are released by synaptic stimulation to act via two distinct mechanisms within the main ITC cluster. Endogenously released opioids inhibit glutamate release through the δ-opioid receptor (DOR), an effect potentiated by a DOR-positive allosteric modulator. Postsynaptically, the opioids activate a potassium conductance through the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), suggesting for the first time that endogenously released opioids directly regulate neuronal excitability. Ultrastructural localization of endogenous ligands support these functional findings. This study demonstrates a new role for endogenously released opioids as neuromodulators engaged by synaptic activity to regulate moment-to-moment neuronal communication and excitability. These distinct actions through MOR and DOR may underlie the opposing effect of these receptor systems on anxiety and fear.