bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect without two-photon interference in photon counting regime
Authors: Bai Bin , Zhou Yu , Liu Ruifeng , Zheng Huaibin , Wang Yunlong , Li Fuli , Xu Zhuo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFrom quantum point of view, Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect is a result of constructive-destructive two-photon interference. There should be no Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect if there was no two-photon interference. In this paper, we observed Hanbury Brown- Twiss effect in a specially designed experiment, in which two-photon interference is impossible by keeping only one two-photon probability amplitude in the experimental scheme. However, our experimental results can still be interpreted by Glauber’s quantum optical coherence theory. The researches in our paper are helpful to understand the physics of the second-order coherence of light, especially the physics of Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect.
Electro-Tactile Stimulation Enhances Cochlear Implant Speech Recognition in Noise
Authors: Huang Juan , Sheffield Benjamin , Lin Payton , Zeng Fan-Gang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFor cochlear implant users, combined electro-acoustic stimulation (EAS) significantly improves the performance. However, there are many more users who do not have any functional residual acoustic hearing at low frequencies. Because tactile sensation also operates in the same low frequencies (<500 Hz) as the acoustic hearing in EAS, we propose electro-tactile stimulation (ETS) to improve cochlear implant performance. In ten cochlear implant users, a tactile aid was applied to the index finger that converted voice fundamental frequency into tactile vibrations. Speech recognition in noise was compared for cochlear implants alone and for the bimodal ETS condition. On average, ETS improved speech reception thresholds by 2.2 dB over cochlear implants alone. Nine of the ten subjects showed a positive ETS effect ranging from 0.3 to 7.0 dB, which was similar to the amount of the previously-reported EAS benefit. The comparable results indicate similar neural mechanisms that underlie both the ETS and EAS effects. The positive results suggest that the complementary auditory and tactile modes also be used to enhance performance for normal hearing listeners and automatic speech recognition for machines.
Radiopaque Resorbable Inferior Vena Cava Filter Infused with Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Tian Li , Lee Patrick , Singhana Burapol , Chen Aaron , Qiao Yang , Lu Linfeng , Martinez Jonathan O. , Tasciotti Ennio , Melancon Adam , Huang Steven , Eggers Mitch , Melancon Marites P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFailure to remove a retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filter can cause severe complications with high treatment costs. Polydioxanone (PPDO) has been shown to be a good candidate material for resorbable IVC filters. However, PPDO is radioluscent under conventional imaging modalities. Thus, the positioning and integrity of these PPDO filters cannot be monitored by computed tomography (CT) or x-ray. Here we report the development of radiopaque PPDO IVC filters based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Commercially available PPDO sutures were infused with AuNPs. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the presence of AuNP on the surface of PPDO. Micro-CT and x-ray images of the AuNP-infused PPDO sutures showed significant signal enhancement compared to untreated PPDO sutures. Elemental analysis showed that gold loading exceeded 2000 ppm. Tensile strength and in vitro cytotoxicity showed no significant difference between AuNP-infused and untreated PPDO. In a 10-week stability study, neither the gold content nor the radiopacity of the infused PPDO sutures significantly changed in the first 6 weeks. The increased attenuation of AuNP-infused PPDO sutures indicates their major advantage as a radiopaque resorbable filter material, as the radiopacity allows monitoring of the position and integrity of the filter, thereby increasing its safety and efficacy.
Discourse Characteristics in Aphasia Beyond the Western Aphasia Battery Cutoff
Authors: Fromm Davida , Forbes Margaret , Holland Audrey , Dalton Sarah Grace , Richardson Jessica , MacWhinney Brian 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
This study examined discourse characteristics of individuals with aphasia who scored at or above the 93.8 cutoff on the Aphasia Quotient subtests of the Western Aphasia Battery–Revised (WAB-R; Kertesz, 2007). They were compared with participants without aphasia and those with anomic aphasia.

Method
Participants were from the AphasiaBank database and included 28 participants who were not aphasic by WAB-R score (NABW), 92 participants with anomic aphasia, and 177 controls. Cinderella narratives were analyzed using the Computerized Language Analysis programs (MacWhinney, 2000). Outcome measures were words per minute, percent word errors, lexical diversity using the moving average type–token ratio (Covington, 2007b), main concept production, number of utterances, mean length of utterance, and proposition density.

Results
Results showed that the NABW group was significantly different from the controls on all measures except MLU and proposition density. These individuals were compared to participants without aphasia and those with anomic aphasia.

Conclusion
Individuals with aphasia who score above the WAB-R Aphasia Quotient cutoff demonstrate discourse impairments that warrant both treatment and special attention in the research literature.
Intramolecular Oxidative Palladium-Catalyzed Amination Involving Double C–H Functionalization of Unactivated Olefins
Authors: Broggini Gianluigi , Borelli Tea , Giofré Sabrina , Mazza Alberto 
Published: May 2017

Intramolecular palladium-catalyzed amination reactions are becoming important tools for the synthesis of various nitrogen-containing­ heterocycles. This account highlights the developments achieved in this field by domino processes in oxidative conditions using unactivated olefins, due to their advantages in terms of step economy and efficiency. These reactions involve the change of oxidation state in the palladium intermediate, requiring the presence of an oxidizing agent to regenerate the catalytic cycle. This kind of additive is essential for the success of the reaction and it can also furnish nucleophilic species that are incorporated into the final product. Reactions can occur at either the intra/intra- or intra/intermolecular level, providing valuable methodologies for the preparation of (poly)heterocyclic scaffolds. Besides, procedures based on the use of strengthened catalytic systems, more recently, disclosed intriguing conditions have enlarged the possibility to modulate the substrate reactivity. Perspectives in this field are directed to the discovery of new reaction conditions, focusing on the employment of oxidatively stable ligands useful for the asymmetric catalysis­.1	Introduction2	Carboamination Reactions2.1	Pd(0)/Pd(II)2.2	Pd(II)/Pd(IV)3	Aminooxygenation Reactions3.1	Pd(0)/Pd(II)3.2	Pd(II)/Pd(IV)4	Diamination Reactions4.1	Pd(0)/Pd(II)4.2	Pd(II)/Pd(IV)5	Aminohalogenation Reactions5.1	Pd(0)/Pd(II)5.2	Pd(II)/Pd(IV)6	Conclusions
Reemplazo parcial de rodilla mediante el sistema robótico NAVIO: resultados clínicos postquirúrgicos evaluados mediante Knee injury Osteoartritis Outcome Score
Authors: Vega Parra Pablo , Palacios Barajas J. , Márquez Ambrosi Raúl , Duarte Jorge 
Published: May 2017

Introducción La osteoartritis de rodilla es una de las patologías musculo esqueléticas más prevalentes en el mundo, y el tratamiento quirúrgico es hasta hoy, la única terapia definitiva. El sistema NAVIO™ es uno de los dispositivos robóticos más recientemente a disposición para realizar el reemplazo parcial de rodilla. Ofrece gran precisión en el proceso de alineamiento, remodelado óseo y balance de los tejidos blandos, sin exponer al paciente a la radiación ni a los costos de la tomografía computarizada que suele realizarse con los sistemas robóticos actuales antes del procedimiento artroplástico.
Objetivo Evaluar los resultados medidos por los pacientes antes y después del procedimiento artroplástico mediante NAVIO™ y la prótesis STRIDE™.
Material y Método Aplicación del cuestionario Knee injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) en el preoperatorio y a los 12 meses del procedimiento quirúrgico de los primeros 47 pacientes operados usando NAVIO™ en Cornerstone Regional Hospital, Edinburg, Texas.
Resultados Se observó una mejoría de las muestras normalizadas en todas las categorías con un p < 0.05.
Comentario Estudios recientes han sugerido que en Chile la presentación de la osteoartritis se asocia a un grado de severidad menor que en el resto de los países latinoamericanos. Lo cual torna relevante la aplicación de terapias quirúrgicas más conservadoras, que ofrezcan al paciente un alivio sintomático y le permitan reestablecerse a sus actividades cotidianas causando el mínimo impacto posible. Esas ventajas fueron observadas en los pacientes sometidos a ese procedimiento quirúrgico.
Conclusiones La artroplastia unicompartimental de rodilla mediante el sistema quirúrgico NAVIO™ y prótesis STRIDE™ demostró mejorar substancialmente la vida diaria y calidad de vida de los pacientes, disminuyendo el dolor y mejorando su función durante las actividades deportivas y recreacionales.
Weaningzentrum Greifswald – Struktur und Ergebnisse bei der Entwöhnung von der Langzeitbeatmung über zehn Jahre
Authors: Müller-Heinrich A. , Warnke C. , Heine A. , Bollmann T. , Boesche M. , Schäper C. , Stubbe B. , Friesecke S. , Felix S. , Gläser S. , Obst A. , Ewert R. 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungSeit der Etablierung der klinischen Beatmungsmedizin gewinnt die Entwöhnung langzeitbeatmeter Patienten vom Respirator (Weaning) zunehmend an Bedeutung. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden ab den 1980iger Jahren Zentren geschaffen, die speziell auf das Weaning von Patienten von der maschinellen Beatmung ausgerichtet waren.In dem Artikel werden die strukturelle Entwicklung sowie die Ergebnisse aus den letzten zehn Jahren (2006 – 2015) des Weaningzentrums der Universitätsmedizin Greifswald dargestellt. Dazu wurden die Daten von 616 Patienten ausgewertet. Über die Jahre zeigt sich eine Verschiebung der zur Beatmung führenden Grunderkrankung, wobei der Anteil kardiochirurgischer Patienten rückläufig war und die Patienten mit Pneumonie/Sepsis zugenommen haben. Im Zeitverlauf haben die Tage mit Beatmung vor Aufnahme (p = 0,004) als auch die Beatmungstage im Weaningzentrum (p = 0,02) signifikant abgenommen. Ungeachtet des hohen APACHE-II-Scores bei stationärer Aufnahme konnte der Prozentsatz erfolgreich entwöhnter Patienten von 62,7 % (2006 – 10) auf 77,3 % (2011 – 2015) signifikant gesteigert werden (p < 0,001). Der Anteil der Patienten mit invasiver Beatmung bei Entlassung konnte signifikant von 16,4 % auf 9,6 % (p < 0,001) gesenkt und auch der Anteil der während des stationären Aufenthaltes verstorbenen Patienten von 20,9 % auf 13,0 % signifikant reduziert werden (p < 0,001). Das 1-Jahres-Überleben der erfolgreich entwöhnten Patienten lag bei 72 Prozent. Die Ergebnisse bei der Betreuung der Patienten im Weaningzentrum Greifswald bewegen sich auf vergleichbarem Niveau anderer deutscher Weaningzentren.
Entwicklung der Palliativmedizinischen Dienste (PMD) in Bayern 2011–2015: Aufgaben, Akzeptanz, Struktur und Finanzierung
Authors: Anneser Johanna , Thurn Tamara , Borasio Gian 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Palliativmedizinische Dienste (PMD) bieten stationären Patienten aller Fachabteilungen palliativmedizinische Unterstützung an. Schwerkranke und sterbende Menschen, die in Häusern ohne eigene Palliativstation behandelt werden, können von diesen multiprofessionellen Teams ebenso profitieren wie Patienten, bei denen ein Aufenthalt in einer Palliativstation (noch) nicht notwendig erscheint. Bis Ende 2015 waren in Bayern 53 PMD genehmigt, die den Anforderungen des 2009 vom bayerischen Gesundheitsministerium erstellten Fachprogramms entsprachen.
Methoden Mittels eines postalisch versandten Fragebogens (2011) und einer Online-Umfrage (2015) baten wir alle zu diesen Zeitpunkten genehmigten bayerischen PMD, Fragen zu ihren Aufgaben, der Akzeptanz im eigenen Haus, zur Personalstruktur und Finanzierung zu beantworten. Neben Fragen, deren Zutreffen auf einer Skala von 0–10 zu beantworten war, wurde auch Raum für Freitextkommentare angeboten.
Ergebnisse Der Rücklauf 2011 betrug 77% (17 Bögen), 2015 53% (28). Insgesamt wurde die Organisationsform „PMD“ weitgehend als geeignetes Instrument erachtet, die Palliativversorgung im eigenen Haus zu verbessern (2011: Mittelwert 7,8 (0–10) ±1,9, 2015: 7,2 (0–10) ±2,3; n.s.). Die Akzeptanz durch die Abteilungen der eigenen Einrichtung wurde 2015 signifikant besser eingeschätzt (7,2±2,3) als noch 4 Jahre zuvor (5,7±2,2; p<0,05). Die PMDs nehmen vielfältige Aufgaben wahr, am häufigsten „stützende Gespräche“, „Begleitung in der Sterbephase“, „Schmerztherapie“ und „Entlassmanagement“. Dennoch war in den Teams ein Rückgang der Multiprofessionalität v. a. im Bereich Psychologie/Psychoonkologie und Seelsorge (p<0,05) zu beobachten. Wesentlich für die Finanzierung der Teams war in beiden Umfragen bislang das Zusatzentgelt ZE 60 für die „Palliativmedizinische Komplexbehandlung“. Insgesamt wurde die Finanzierung überwiegend als schwierig betrachtet: nur 29% der Dienste gaben 2015 an, kostendeckend zu arbeiten.
Schlussfolgerung PMD in Bayern nehmen wichtige Aufgaben in der Betreuung von schwerkranken und sterbenden Patienten und ihrer Familien wahr. Nach eigener Einschätzung nimmt deren Akzeptanz innerhalb der Einrichtungen zu. Es bleibt zu hoffen, dass Neuregelungen wie die 2017 eingeführte neue OPS 8–98 h (spezialisierte palliativmedizinische Komplexbehandlung durch einen Palliativdienst), eine solide Finanzierung sicherstellen ohne die notwendige multiprofessionelle Zusammensetzung der PMD zu gefährden.
Add-on Antidepressants in the Naturalistic Treatment of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder – When, Who, and How?
Authors: Schennach Rebecca , Obermeier Michael , Seemüller Florian , Jäger Markus , Schmauss Max , Laux Gerd , Pfeiffer Herbert , Naber Dieter , Schmidt Lutz , Gaebel Wolfgang , Klosterkötter Joachim , Heuser Isabella , Maier Wolfgang , Lemke Matthias , Rüther Eckart , Klingberg Stefan , Gastpar Markus , Spellmann Ilja , Musil Richard , Möller Hans-Jürgen , Riedel Michael 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate antidepressant add-on treatment within the acute treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients.
Antidepressant add-on was evaluated in 365 patients within a naturalistic multicenter study. Patients with/without antidepressant add-on were compared regarding clinical and treatment-related variables, response and remission, and remission of depressive and negative symptoms. The efficacy of antidepressant add-on treatment was furthermore analyzed applying marginal structure models.
Twenty-three percent of the patients received antidepressant add-on for a mean duration of 50.28 (33.42) days. Patients with the diagnosis of a schizoaffective disorder, multiple illness episodes, and a longer duration of their illness as well as those with significantly fewer baseline positive symptoms, more negative and depressive symptoms, more side effects, and less subjective well-being were augmented with antidepressants. At discharge no significant effect of antidepressant add-on treatment was observed in terms of a 25% improvement (p=0.2623), a 50% improvement (p=0.3946), remission (p=0.0552), or remission of depressive (p=0.6336) and negative symptoms (p=0.8756). Also, when analyzing marginal structure models considering the diagnostic subgroups, no significant effect was found.
Add-on with antidepressants is common. A final recommendation in terms of this strategy’s efficacy cannot be given.
Constructing ‘the French people’ – On Sarkozy’s populism
Authors: Mayaffre Damon , Scholz Ronny 
Published: May 2017

AbstractElection campaigns represent a particular moment of political practice in democracies where political strategy and political discourse become one activity. Campaigns take effect through the speeches of candidates communicated to the electorate. This article analyses speeches of Nicolas Sarkozy’s presidential campaigns in 2007 and 2012. Based on text statistical methods developed in French discourse analysis it examines his political position and his rhetorical techniques. In comparison to other presidents of the Fifth Republic, Sarkozy’s discourse seems to be freed from typical party political positions. Whilst favouring direct encounters with the audience and pretending to speak to the whole nation he is embodying a form of populism which bestows his image of a charismatic leader.
Discursive double-legitimation of (avoiding) another war in Obama’s 2013 address on Syria
Authors: Mirhosseini Seyyed-Abdolhamid 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article explores legitimacy-building in United States President’s 2013 Address to the Nation on Syria. Based on a slightly modified version ofTheo van Leeuwen’s (2008)model of the discursive construction of legitimation and with a view of the war in Syria as the super-macro context of the Address, the investigation illustrates how the speech attempts to legitimate the prospect of a direct American military engagement in Syria on the one hand, and to justify avoiding another war that may prove too costly, on the other. Through the illustration of suchdouble-legitimationdiscursive practices, the study portrays how critical discourse studies can provide the ground for awareness of a delicate aspect of the discourse of politics and the rhetoric of politicians in shaping public consent and projecting an always-legitimate image of even contradictory political positions, decisions, and actions.
Pediatric nasal surgery: timing and technique
Authors: Gary Celeste C. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
Timing of pediatric nasal surgery has always been a controversial topic. Concern over disrupting growing parts of the face and causing permanent facial deformity has led to a primarily conservative approach. Many surgeons feel that it is prudent to wait until the patient has completed nasal growth after puberty to pursue nasal surgery.

Recent findings
Recently, this attitude has been challenged with evidence that not only is nasal surgery in the pediatric age group not a detriment to facial growth, but failure to correct significant nasal deformity may actually cause dysmorphic facial growth secondary to obligate mouth breathing. Because of this, recent studies have focused on determining safe surgical techniques for pediatric nasal surgery, including inferior turbinate reduction, septoplasty and rhinoplasty. Research focus on this topic has also been expanded to include quality-of-life measures after nasal surgery.

Summary
Pediatric nasal surgery prior to puberty is not only safe, but may prevent facial deformity in certain patients.
The evaluation of adolescent chest pain: a screening ECG or PSC-17?
Authors: Acra Patricia E. , Pérez María T. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
The present review offers an update on entities presenting as chest pain in the adolescent population. It discusses recently proposed tools and shared mental models used in primary and urgent care settings to evaluate chest pain, and their focus on identifying life-threatening processes. We consider whether the current practice may be improved by accounting for the increasingly recognized non-life-threatening causes of adolescent chest pain.

Recent findings
The present experiences and behaviors of adolescents have added new causes of chest pain to the work-up of this disquieting chief complaint. The initial approach to adolescent chest pain has classically focused on ruling out life-threatening entities, and current diagnostic algorithms offer systematic approaches with similar emphases. A growing body of literature on the nonlife-threatening causes of adolescent chest pain, often categorized as idiopathic, suggests a need to reevaluate our practice.

Summary
Adolescent chest pain is most often noncardiac and non-life threatening in nature, yet current diagnostic algorithms and evaluations emphasize identifying the exceptional case of cardiac chest pain. Familiarizing ourselves with the more common causes of chest pain and with our present approach to the evaluation of this particular chief complaint, may help us to better counsel our patients and avoid unnecessary use of valuable resources.
Sex Chromosome Dosage Effects On Gene Expression In Humans
Authors: Raznahan Armin , Parikshak Neelroop , Chandran Vijayendran , Blumenthal Jonathan , Clasen Liv , Alexander-Bloch Aaron , Zinn Andrew , Wangsa Danny , Wise Jasen , Murphy Declan , Bolton Patrick , Ried Thomas , Ross Judith , Giedd Jay , Geschwind Daniel 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTA fundamental question in the biology of sex-differences has eluded direct study in humans: how does sex chromosome dosage (SCD) shape genome function? To address this, we developed a systematic map of SCD effects on gene function by analyzing genome-wide expression data in humans with diverse sex chromosome aneuploidies (XO, XXX, XXY, XYY, XXYY). For sex chromosomes, we demonstrate a pattern of obligate dosage sensitivity amongst evolutionarily preserved X-Y homologs, and update prevailing theoretical models for SCD compensation by detecting X-linked genes whose expression increases with decreasing X- and/or Y-chromosome dosage. We further show that SCD-sensitive sex chromosome genes regulate specific co-expression networks of SCD-sensitive autosomal genes with critical cellular functions and a demonstrable potential to mediate previously documented SCD effects on disease. Our findings detail wide-ranging effects of SCD on genome function with implications for human phenotypic variation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSex chromosome dosage (SCD) effects on human gene expression are central to the biology of sex differences and sex chromosome aneuploidy syndromes, but challenging to study given the co-segregation of SCD and gonadal status. We address this obstacle by systematically modelling SCD effects on genome wide expression data from a large and rare cohort of individuals with diverse SCDs (XO, XX, XXX, XXXX, XY, XXY, XYY, XXYY, XXXXY). Our findings update current models of sex chromosome biology by (i) pinpointing a core set of X- and Y-linked genes with “obligate” SCD sensitivity, (ii) discovering several non-canonical modes of X-chromosome dosage compensation, and (iii) dissecting complex regulatory effects of X-chromosome dosage on large autosomal gene networks with key roles in cellular functioning.