bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct and indirect effects of climate, human disturbance and plant traits on avian functional diversity
Authors: Vollstädt Maximilian G. R. , Ferger Stefan W. , Hemp Andreas , Howell Kim M. , Töpfer Till , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin , Schleuning Matthias 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimClimate change and an increase in human disturbance are major drivers of global biodiversity loss. Yet it is not clear to what extent their effects on animal communities are direct or indirectly mediated by changes in biotic factors, such as plant diversity. Here, we disentangle the direct and indirect effects of climate, human disturbance, vegetation structure and plant functional traits on the functional diversity of avian frugivore communities across a large environmental gradient.LocationMount Kilimanjaro.Time periodSampling between November 2013 and October 2015.Major taxa studiedFleshy‐fruited plants, frugivorous birds.MethodsWe sampled plant and bird communities along an elevational and a human disturbance gradient and measured corresponding morphological traits of plants and birds to calculate indices of functional identity and functional diversity of plant and bird communities. We used structural equation models to disentangle direct and indirect effects of all variables on functional identity and diversity of frugivorous bird communities.ResultsBoth functional identity and diversity of frugivorous bird communities were consistently related to the functional identity and diversity of plant communities. Climate had almost exclusively indirect effects on functional identity and diversity of bird communities mediated through effects on plant functional identity and diversity. In contrast, human disturbance also had direct negative effects on bird diversity.Main conclusionsWe show that plant functional identity and diversity are the most important drivers of functional identity and diversity of frugivorous birds. Although effects of climate on bird communities are almost exclusively mediated indirectly through plant communities, human disturbance resulted in a direct reduction of bird diversity. The high degree of trait matching between interdependent trophic levels over a large environmental gradient demonstrates the importance of biotic drivers for animal communities and shows that biodiversity models need to consider such bottom‐up effects in future conditions.
Local and geographical factors jointly drive elevational patterns in three microbial groups across subarctic ponds
Authors: Teittinen Anette , Wang Jianjun , Strömgård Simon , Soininen Janne 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimElevational biodiversity patterns are understudied in high‐latitude aquatic systems, even though these systems are important for detecting very early impacts of climatic changes on Earth. The aim of this study was to examine the elevational trends in species richness and local contribution to beta diversity (LCBD) of three biofilm microbial groups in freshwater ponds and to identify the key mechanisms underlying these patterns.LocationOne hundred and forty‐six ponds in subarctic Finland and Norway distributed across the tree line along an elevational gradient of 10–1,038 m a.s.l., spanning from forested landscape to barren boulder fields.Time periodJuly–August 2015.Major taxa studiedDiatoms, cyanobacteria and non‐cyanobacteria.MethodsGeneralized linear models were used to identify the most important pond variables explaining richness and LCBD. Structural equation models were used to explore the direct and indirect effects of multiscale drivers on richness and LCBD.ResultsDiatom and cyanobacteria richness showed unimodal elevational patterns, whereas non‐cyanobacteria richness decreased with increasing elevation. The LCBD–elevation relationship was U‐shaped for all three microbial groups. Diatom and cyanobacteria richness and LCBD were best explained by local pond variables, especially by pH. Non‐cyanobacteria richness and LCBD were related to pond variables, elevation as a proxy for climatic conditions, and normalized difference vegetation index as a proxy for terrestrial productivity.Main conclusionsAquatic autotrophs were primarily controlled by environmental filtering, whereas heterotrophic bacteria were also affected by terrestrial productivity and elevation. All studied aspects of microbial diversity were directly or indirectly linked to elevation; therefore, climatic changes may greatly alter aquatic microbial assemblages.
Impact of family characteristics by marital status of cohabitating adult children on depression among Korean older adults
Authors: Kim Juyeong , Choi Young , Choi Jae Woo , Nam Jin Young , Park Eun‐Cheol 
Published: June 2017

AimTo identify the association between different living arrangements of intergenerational household composition and depression in older adults.MethodsData from the Korea Longitudinal Study of Aging, the first to fourth waves, were used. Using the first wave as baseline, our analysis included 5046 participants aged ≥60 years with at least one living child. Depression was measured using the 10‐item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. Factors investigated included living arrangements according to household composition and the marital status of a cohabiting adult child. A generalized estimating equation with the logit link for binary outcomes was used to examine the association between living arrangements and depression.ResultsCompared with the older adults living with a married child and grandchildren, those living alone, those living with an unmarried child, and those living with an unmarried child and grandchildren were more likely to have depression (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.13–1.75; OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.18–1.66; OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.27–2.01). In particular, women were more likely to have depression than men in the association between living arrangements and depression.ConclusionsEfforts should be made to provide social services for older adults living alone and those living with an unmarried child in a two‐/three‐generation family, in particular, for those who are female. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2527–2536.
Analysis of the association of clinical factors and IL4 gene polymorphisms with root resorption in avulsed teeth after 1 year of replantation
Authors: Roskamp L. , Trevilatto P. C. , Souza C. M. , Silva Neto U. X. , Carneiro E. , Fariniuk L. F. , Westphalen V. P. D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimTo investigate the association of clinical variables and polymorphisms (tag SNPs) in the interleukin 4 (IL4) gene, with the prognosis of avulsed and replanted teeth.MethodologyNinety‐four patients who suffered avulsion and had their teeth replanted and endodontically treated were included. Periapical radiographs were obtained soon after tooth replantation and after 1 year. For genotypic IL4 gene analysis, the DNA from oral mucosa cells was collected, and polymorphisms were investigated by real‐time PCR. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to verify the association of clinical and genetic variables and the outcome of the replanted teeth (P < 0.05).ResultsAfter multivariate analysis, extra‐alveolar time longer than 1 h was significantly associated with external root resorption. No significant association was observed between IL4 gene polymorphisms and root resorption.ConclusionNo association between root resorption and IL4 gene polymorphisms was observed. An extra‐alveolar time of more than 1 h was associated with a susceptibility for external root resorption. Replanting the tooth in its socket immediately is the most important factor to maintain a healthy root surface.
1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3‐induced dendritic cells suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by increasing proportions of the regulatory lymphocytes and reducing T helper type 1 and type 17 cells
Authors: Xie Zhongxiang , Chen Jingtao , Zheng Chao , Wu Jing , Cheng Yun , Zhu Shan , Lin Chenhong , Cao Qingqing , Zhu Jie , Jin Tao 
Published: June 2017

SummaryDendritic cells (DCs), a bridge for innate and adaptive immune responses, play a key role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS. Administration of tolerogenic DCs has been used as an immunotherapy in autoimmune diseases. Deficiency of vitamin D is an environmental risk factor of MS. In this study, we induced tolerogenic DCs by 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 and transferred the tolerogenic DCs (VD3‐DCs) into EAE mice by adoptive transfer. We found that VD3‐DCs inhibited the infiltrations of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells into spinal cord and increased the proportions of regulatory T cells (CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+), CD4+ IL‐10+ T cells and regulatory B cells (CD19+ CD5+ CD1d+) in peripheral immune organs, which resulted in attenuated EAE. However, the proportions of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells in spleen and lymph nodes and the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and IgG in serum also increased after transfer of VD3‐DCs. We conclude that transfer of VD3‐DCs suppressed EAE by increasing proportions of regulatory T cells, CD4+ IL‐10+ T cells and regulatory B cells in spleen and reducing infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells into spinal cord, which suggests a possible immunotherapy method using VD3‐DCs in MS.
Effect of intravenous paracetamol as pre‐emptive compared to preventive analgesia in a pediatric dental setting: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Kharouba Johny , Hawash Nasir , Peretz Benjamin , Blumer Sigalit , Srour Yara , Nassar Marry , Sabbah Mulham , Safadi Anan , Khorev Alexey , Somri Mostafa 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundEfficacy of pre‐emptive analgesia compared to preventive regimen, managing postoperative pain is still controversial.AimEvaluating the efficacy of intravenous (IV) paracetamol as pre‐emptive analgesia compared to preventive post‐treatment administration in pediatric dental setting.DesignIn a prospective trial, 60 noncooperative children of ASA I, II aged 3–10 years who underwent dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups. Pre‐emptive group (n = 30) received 15 mg/kg of IV paracetamol before the start of treatment. Preventive group (n = 30) received 15 mg/kg of paracetamol at the end of treatment. Analgesic efficacy was measured by visual analog scale of faces (VASOF), percentage of children received postoperative analgesia.ResultsThe VASOF results in the pre‐emptive group were significantly lower compared to the preventive group at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h (0.0146, 0.0188, 0.0085, and 0.0001, respectively). Less children in the pre‐emptive group received supplemental fentanyl postoperatively compared to the preventive group (27.6%, 58.6%, respectively, P = 0.0170). Time to first rescue dose of fentanyl postoperatively in the pre‐emptive group was later than in the preventive group (P = 0.0432).ConclusionsAdministration of IV paracetamol pre‐emptively provides lower pain scores, and a decreased percentage of children required pain relief and less amount of postoperative opioids, compared to preventive administration.
The perceptions of key stakeholders of the roles of specialist and advanced nursing and midwifery practitioners
Authors: Casey Mary , O'Connor Laserina , Nicholson Emma , Smith Rita , O'Brien Denise , O'Leary Denise , Fealy Gerard M , Mcnamara Martin S , Stokes Diarmuid , Egan Claire 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimTo explore the perceptions of key stakeholders of the roles of specialist and advanced nursing and midwifery practitioners.BackgroundThere is evidence that the contribution of these roles to patient care is poorly understood.DesignThis research took place over 2 months in 2015 and is part of a larger study involving a rapid review to inform policy development on the specialist and advanced nursing and midwifery practice in Ireland. As an added value, a qualitative element involving thematic analysis was undertaken with key stakeholders.MethodsA phenomenological qualitative study was conducted incorporating semi‐structured interviews with key stakeholders (n = 15). Purposive sampling with maximum diversity was used to recruit a wide range of perspectives.FindingsParticipant's perspectives led to seven themes: Impact of these roles; role preparation, experience and organizational support; specialist and advanced practice roles in an interdisciplinary context; different folks but not such different roles; impact of specialist and advanced practice roles on patient outcomes; barriers and facilitators to enacting specialist and advanced practice roles; future development of these roles.ConclusionThere is acknowledgement of the positive impact of specialist and advanced practitioners; however, the evidence is currently not conclusive. Preparation for these roles needs to reflect changes in the calibre of today's professional applicants, and organizational support is paramount to their successful execution. The contribution of their activity to patient outcome needs to be made visible to enhance these roles and to justify the development of new roles across a variety of healthcare areas.
Instruments to assess self‐care among healthy children: A systematic review of measurement properties
Authors: Urpí‐Fernández Ana‐María , Zabaleta‐Del‐Olmo Edurne , Montes‐Hidalgo Javier , Tomás‐Sábado Joaquín , Roldán‐Merino Juan‐Francisco , Lluch‐Canut María‐Teresa 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimTo identify, critically appraise and summarize the measurement properties of instruments to assess self‐care in healthy children.BackgroundAssessing self‐care is a proper consideration for nursing practice and nursing research. No systematic review summarizes instruments of measurement validated in healthy children.DesignPsychometric review in accordance with the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) panel.Data sourcesMEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Open Grey were searched from their inception to December 2016.Review methodsValidation studies with a healthy child population were included. Search was not restricted by language. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of included studies using the COSMIN checklist.ResultsEleven studies were included in the review assessing the measurement properties of ten instruments. There was a maximum of two studies per instrument. None of the studies evaluated the properties of test–retest reliability, measurement error, criterion validity and responsiveness. Internal consistency and structural validity were rated as “excellent” or “good” in four studies. Four studies were rated as “excellent” in content validity. Cross‐cultural validity was rated as “poor” in the two studies (three instruments) which cultural adaptation was carried out.ConclusionThe evidence available does not allow firm conclusions about the instruments identified in terms of reliability and validity. Future research should focus on generate evidence about a wider range of measurement properties of these instruments using a rigorous methodology, as well as instrument testing on different countries and child population.
Ethics, intimacy and sexuality in aged care
Authors: Cook Catherine , Schouten Vanessa , Henrickson Mark , McDonald Sandra 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimTo analyse the accounts of staff, family and residents to advance ethical insights into intimacy and sexuality in residential care.BackgroundDiscourses of ageing readily construct people in residential aged care as postsexual, vulnerable and at risk of sexual exploitation, and therefore, expressions of intimacy and sexuality may be responded to as deviant and inherently risky. Staff may manage decision‐making tacitly, without recourse to policies and education.DesignThe proof‐of‐concept study used a discursive methodology, identifying discourses that shape diverse meanings of intimacy, sexuality and ageing. Data analysis involved thematic analysis.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with four participants in 2015 as part of a mixed‐methods study. This article reports on the qualitative data.ResultsFour themes were identified in the data analysis: mediated intimate relationships and everyday ethics; self‐referential morality; knowing the person then and now; and juggling ethical priorities. Data indicated that participants used their personal moral compass to inform their decision‐making, without any related policies and applied ethics and communication education. As a result, staff described moral uncertainty and moral distress. Staff indicated that there were tensions in terms of the role of proxy decision‐makers, as there were situations where staff believed they were more aware of residents’ current wishes and cognitive capabilities than family members.ConclusionsStaff, families and residents routinely address intimacy and sexuality in aged care. Ethically informed education and policies may enhance the role of staff as advocates, ensuring older people living in RAC are as at home and autonomous as possible.
Bacillus thuringiensis serovar. israelensis has no effect on Drosophila suzukii Matsumura
Authors: Biganski S. , Jehle J. A. , Kleespies R. G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii, is an invasive species to the USA, and Europe and biological control methods are urgently sought for. In this study, the potential of commercial microbial control products based on the Dipteran‐specific B. thuringiensis serovar. israelensis (B.t.i.) were evaluated in laboratory experiments. These products were tested on SWD larvae and adults but neither one showed more than 10% mortality. A repellent effect of the products to SWD adults was also ruled out. We conclude that B.t.i. products are not suitable for SWD control.
Examining maintenance care following infliximab salvage therapy for acute severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Seah Dean , Choy Matthew C , Gorelik Alexandra , Connell William R , Sparrow Miles P , Van Langenberg Daniel , Hebbard Geoffrey , Moore Gregory , De Cruz Peter 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground and AimData supporting the optimal maintenance drug therapy and strategy to monitor ongoing response following successful infliximab (IFX) induction, for acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC), are limited. We aimed to evaluate maintenance and monitoring strategies employed in patients post‐IFX induction therapy.MethodsPatients in six Australian tertiary centers treated with IFX for steroid‐refractory ASUC between April 2014 and May 2015 were identified via hospital IBD and pharmacy databases. Patients were followed up for 1 year with clinical data over 12 months recorded. Analysis was limited to patient outcomes beyond 3 months.ResultsForty one patients were identified. Five of the 41 (12%) patients underwent colectomy within 3 months, and one patient was lost to follow‐up. Six of 35 (17%) of the remaining patients progressed to colectomy by 12 months. Maintenance therapy: Patients maintained on thiopurine monotherapy (14/35) versus IFX/thiopurine therapy (15/35) were followed up. Two of 15 (13%) patients who received combination maintenance therapy underwent a colectomy at 12 months, compared with 1/14 (7%) patients receiving thiopurine monotherapy (P = 0.610). Monitoring during maintenance: Post‐discharge, thiopurine metabolites were monitored in 15/27 (56%); fecal calprotectin in 11/32 (34%); and serum IFX levels in 4/20 (20%). Twenty of 32 (63%) patients had an endoscopic evaluation after IFX salvage with median time to first endoscopy of 109 days (interquartile range 113–230).ConclusionFollowing IFX induction therapy for ASUC, the uptake of maintenance therapy in this cohort and strategies to monitor ongoing response were variable. These data suggest that the optimal maintenance and monitoring strategy post‐IFX salvage therapy remains to be defined.
What is the variability in shoulder, axillae and waist position in a group of adolescents?
Authors: Gardner Adrian , Berryman Fiona , Pynsent Paul 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe clinical assessment of scoliosis is based on the recognition of asymmetry. It is not clear what the degree of asymmetry is in a population without scoliosis, which could make the differentiation between abnormal and normal uncertain. This study defines the range of normality in certain parameters of torso shape that are also associated with the clinical assessment of scoliosis. This was done by analysing the surface topography of a group of 195 children serially measured over a 5‐year period. The analysis considered both the spinal curvature and the relative position of shoulders, axillae and waist on each side. The bivariate relationships were examined using 95% confidence interval data ellipses. Our results showed that a degree of spinal curvature was seen, either as a main thoracic or main thoracolumbar curve. The distribution of the data about a mean point is illustrated by 95% confidence interval (CI) data ellipses with shoulder, axilla and waist data plotted against spinal curvature. The mean values were close to zero (exact symmetry) for all of the measured parameters, with the ellipses showing little differences in the distributions. We conclude that mild asymmetry of the measured torso parameters is normal. These results define what is normal and beyond what point asymmetry becomes abnormal. This information is of use for those managing and counselling patients with scoliosis both before and after surgery.
Clinical efficacy of utilizing Ultrapulse CO2 combined with fractional CO2 laser for the treatment of hypertrophic scars in Asians—A prospective clinical evaluation
Authors: Lei Ying , Li Shi Feng , Yu Yi Ling , Tan Jun , Gold Michael H. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryBackground and ObjectiveHypertrophic scarring is seen regularly. Tissue penetration of laser energy into hypertrophic scars using computer defaults from some lasers may be insufficient and penetration not enough. We have developed a treatment with an interrupted laser “drilling” by the Ultrapulse CO2 (Manual Fractional Technology, MFT) and, a second pass, with fractional CO2. The MFT with fractional CO2 lasers to treat hypertrophic scars is evaluated.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA total of 158 patients with hypertrophic scars had three sessions of MFT with fractional CO2 laser at 3‐month intervals. Evaluations made before and 6 months after the 3rd treatment: (1) the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), (2) the University of North Carolina (UNC) Scar Scale, and (3) a survey of patient satisfaction.ResultsAll data were analyzed using a t‐test before and after treatment. The VSS score decreased from 9.35 to 3.12 (P<.0001), and the UNC Scar Scale score decreased from 8.03 to 1.62 (P<.0001). The overall satisfaction rate was 92%. No long‐term complications occurred in the clinical trial.ConclusionThe interrupted laser drilling by MFT and a fractional CO2 laser had profound effects on the hypertrophic scars treated. It works by increasing the penetration depth of the CO2 laser in the scar tissue, exerting more precise effects on the hypertrophic scars. MFT combined with fractional CO2 laser has the potential to be a major advance in the treatment of hypertrophic scars.