bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: ALLENES AND ACETYLENES. XVIII. SYNTHESIS OF 3‐PYRROLINES BY SILVER(I)‐CATALYZED CYCLIZATION OF ALLENIC AMINES
Authors: CLAESSON A. , SAHLBERG C. , LUTHMAN K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn Anwesenheit von Silbertetrafluoroborat erfolgt bei Raumtemp. Cyclisierung der allenischen Amine (I) zu den 3‐Pyrrolinen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF 1,3‐OXAZOLIDINES FROM ALLENIC AND ACETYLENIC SULFONES
Authors: CINQUINI M. , COZZI F. , PELOSI M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReaktion der Arylsulfonylallene (I) mit (‐)‐Ephedrin (II) verläuft stereospezifisch zu den Oxazolidinen (III), wobei aus (Ic) ein trennbares 3:1‐Gemisch (70% Ausb.) aus (IIIc) mit einem Diastereomeren B (also aus zwei von vier möglichen Diastereomeren), und aus (Id) ein nicht trennbares Gemisch (6 5%) aus (IIId) und einem Diastereomeren gebildet wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ACID‐ AND BASE‐CATALYZED REACTIONS OF HEXOBARBITAL 1′,2′‐EPOXIDE AND HEPTABARBITAL 1′,2′‐EPOXIDE
Authors: BAKKER B. H. , VERMEULEN N. P. E. , BREIMER D. D. , VAN DER GEN A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Oxidation von Hexobarbital (Ia) mit m‐Chlor‐perbenzoesäure führt zu einem Gemisch der diastereomeren Epoxide (IIa) und (IIIa), während bei der Oxidation von (Ib) das entsprechende einheitliche Epoxid entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: A SHORT, EFFICIENT, SYNTHETIC PATH TO THE 6,7,8,9‐TETRAHYDRO‐5H‐DIBENZ(D,F)>AZONINE SYSTEM
Authors: BRANDT S. , MARFAT A. , HELQUIST P. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract3‐Methoxy‐phenylessigsäure (Ia) wird zum Carbinol (Ib) redu‐ : N‐Heterocyclen A Short, Efficient, Synthetic Pathway to the 6,7,8,9‐Tetrahydro‐SH‐dibenz[d,f]‐ ziert und dieses zu (IIa) iodiert.
ChemInform Abstract: FUNCTIONALLY SUBSTITUTED ALKOXIDES OF METALS AND METALLOIDS. PART I. 2‐MERCAPTOETHOXYBORANES
Authors: BHARDWAJ P. N. , SRIVASTAVA G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer Borsäuretriisopropylester (I) reagiert mit Mercaptoethanol (II) zu dem gemischten Borsäureester (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE WITH DIBORANE(6), TRIBORANE(7), TETRABORANE(10), AND PENTABORANE(11)
Authors: KONDO H. , KODAMA G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReaktionen von Hexamethylentetramin Lmit den Titelboranen in Chloroform werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: CONVERSION OF α,β‐EPOXYSILANES TO SILYL ENOL ETHERS. AN UNPRECEDENTED STEREOCHEMICAL RESULT
Authors: HUDRLIK P. F. , SCHWARTZ R. H. , KULKARNI A. K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Epoxid (I) kann schwefelsauer zu einem Diol (II) gespalten und dieses zu (III) dehydratisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DIORGANOSILAOXACYCLOHEXANES AND ACYLOXYBUTYLDIORGANOCHLOROSILANES FROM THEM
Authors: ANDRIANOV K. A. , VOLKOVA L. M. , ZHDANOV A. A. , PODA L. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Dimethyl‐ethoxy‐chlorbutoxysilan (I) reagiert mit Mg zu einem Gemisch aus (II), Dimethyl‐sila‐oxa‐cyclohexan (III) und verschiedenen anderen Produkten.
ChemInform Abstract: CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CHEMISTRY OF SILICON‐NITROGEN COMPOUNDS. 157. SILICON‐CARBON CLEAVAGE IN 2‐THIENYLSILANES BY SECONDARY AMINES
Authors: TACKE R. , ZIMONYI‐HEGEDUES E. Q. , WANNAGAT U. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Vinyl(H)‐Silan (I) reagiert mit den sekundären cyclischen Aminen (IIa) und (IIb) in Gegenwart der entsprechenden Amide unter Substitution des Wasserstoffs und Addition an die Vinylgruppe zu (III), das durch sein Hydrolyseprodukt (IV) charakterisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF DIPROPYL HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE WITH ISONITRILES
Authors: ZIMIN M. G. , ZABIROV N. G. , PUDOVIK A. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei Umsetzung der Isonitrile (I) mit Di‐isopropylphosphorsäure (II) findet man Formamid (V) und das Pyrophosphat (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF S‐(2‐(N‐ACETYL‐N‐METHYLAMINO)ETHYL)ISOTHIURONIUM N‐ACETYL‐N‐METHYLCHOLAMINYL PHOSPHONATE
Authors: MIZRAKH L. I. , POLONSKAYA L. YU. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus der spirocyclischen Phosphorverbindung (I) und Acetan‐ hydrid (II) erhält man das Phosphit (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐PHOSPHA‐4‐QUINOLONES ‐ A NEW HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEM
Authors: KOLODYAZHNYI O. I. , PEPINA L. A. , KUKHAR' V. P. , GOLOLOBOV YU. G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Ylid (IV) entsteht entweder durch Anlagerung von Tetrabrom‐methan (II) an das Phosphonit (I) zu (III) und Umsetzung der Verbindung (III) mit Anilin, oder durch Anlagerung von Phenylazid (V) an (I) zu (VI) und Umlagerung zu (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROORGANIC COMPOUNDS. L. ARYLSULFONAMIDES OF DIPHENYLTHIOPHOSPHINIC‐ AND O,O‐DIPHENYL THIOPHOSPHORIC ACIDS
Authors: ALMASI L. , POPESCU R. , PASKUCZ L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Arylsulfonamide (III) entstehen aus dem Natriumsalz (II) und den Thiophosphinsäure‐ bzw. Thiophosphorsäure‐chloriden (I).
ChemInform Abstract: THE OBSERVATION OF AN OXAPHOSPHETANE INTERMEDIATE IN THE PHOSPHONATE MODIFICATION OF THE WITTIG OLEFIN SYNTHESIS
Authors: BREUER E. , ZBAIDA S. , SEGALL E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Umsetzung des cyclischen Phosphonates (I) mit den Oxo‐Verbindungen (II) werden die Zwischenverbindungen (III) nachgewiesen, die zu den erwarteten Olefinen (IV) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: CHLORO‐ AND METHYLTRIS((HEXAMETHYLDISILYL)AMINO)ZIRCONIUM(IV) AND ‐HAFNIUM(IV)
Authors: ANDERSEN R. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNa‐ oder‐ Li‐bis‐[trimethylsilyl]‐amid setzt sich mit Zr‐ und Hf‐tetrachlorid in Ether zu den überraschend inerten Chloro‐Titelverbindungen (I) um.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF MOLYBDENUM(V) DIMERS WITH MIXED OXO AND SULFIDO TERMINAL LIGANDS: REMOVAL OF TERMINAL SULFIDE BY TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE AND CYANIDE
Authors: NEWTON W. E. , MCDONALD J. W. , YAMANOUCHI K. , ENEMARK J. H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie zweikernigen Mo(V)‐Komplexe (III) werden durch die Umsetzung von K2MoS4 (I) mit den entsprechenden Thiocarbamaten (II) oder die Reaktion der oxo‐verbrückten Dimeren (IV) sowie von cis‐Dioxo‐bis‐[N,N‐di‐n‐butyldithiocarbamato]‐Mo mit H2S dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF (FE(SC6H5)4)2‐ WITH ORGANIC TRISULFIDES AND IMPLICATIONS CONCERNING THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF FERREDOXINS. SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF THE ((C6H5)4P)2FE2S12 COMPLEX
Authors: COUCOUVANIS D. , SWENSON D. , STREMPLE P. , BAENZIGER N. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion des Thiophenolat‐Fe‐Komplexanions als Tetraphenylphosphonium‐Salz (I) mit Dibenzyltrisulfid (II) führt abhängig vom stöchiometrischen Verhältnis zu dem Dimeren (III) oder zu dem diamagnetischen Titelkomplex (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: METAL TETRATHIOLENES. 4. SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF F NEW DISCRETE DIPLATINUM‐TETRATHIOLENE COMPLEXES
Authors: TEO B.‐K. , SNYDER‐ROBINSON P. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie oxidativen Additionsreaktionen von Tetrakis‐[triphenylphosphin]‐Pt mit "Tetrathiolen"‐Liganden wie "Tetrathiotetracen", "Tetrathionaphthalin" und ,,Tetrachlortetrathionaphthalin" im 2:1‐molaren Verhältnis in Benzol bei Raumtemp. führen unter Spaltung der S‐S‐ Bindung zu den leicht luftempfindlichen Komplexen (I) (ohne Ausb.‐Angabe).
ChemInform Abstract: NITROUS ACID DEAMINATION OF ACYCLIC, POLYFUNCTION
Authors: ANGIBEAUD P. , BOSSO C. , DEFAYE J. , HORTON D. , COHEN‐ADDAD C. , THOMAS M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDesaminierung des Dithioacetals (I) bei pH 5.6 und anschließende Acetylierung [Methode A)] bzw. bei pH l gefolgt von Acetylierung [ Methode B)] ergeben die Produkte (II), (III) und (IVa) bzw. ausschließlich das Lacton (II); (IVa) wird zu dem manno‐Furanosid (IVb) desacetyliert, das in das Acetonid (IVc) (Raumgruppe P212121 mit Z=4) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Megalomicins. Part 7. A Structural Revision by Carbon‐l3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and X‐Ray Crystallography. Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of 3‐Dimethylamino‐ and 3‐Azido‐D‐ and ‐L‐hexopyranosides, and the Crystal Structure of 4“‐O‐(4‐Iodobenzoyl)megalomicin A.
Authors: BARTNER P. , BOXLER D. L. , BRAMBILLA R. , MALLAMS A. K. , MORTON J. B. , REICHERT P. , SANCILIO F. D. , SURPRENANT H. , TOMALESKY G. , LUKACS G. , OLESKER A. , TON THAT THANG TON THAT THANG , VALENTE L. , OMURA S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Röntgenkristallanalyse von 4"‐O‐Iodbenzoyl‐megalomicin A, das in der Raumgruppe P212121 mit Z=4 kristallisiert, unterstützt die Struktur B (If); diese Tatsache, sowie 13C‐NMR‐ und CD‐Befunde beweisen, daß die Magalomicine und XK‐41‐Antibiotica, denen früher die entsprechenden Strukturen (IA) zugewiesen wurden, in Wirklichkeit die entsprechenden Strukturen (IB) besitzen.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF 3‐DEOXY‐3‐IODO SUGARS VIA ALKOXYPHOSPHONIUM SALTS
Authors: KUNZ H. , SCHMIDT P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus Diacetonylglucose (I) entsteht mit Triphenylphosphin und Methyliodid ein Salz (II), das thermisch zum Iodid (III) gespalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: QUINOLINE ALKALOIDS. PART 17. MECHANISM OF BASE‐CATALYZED REARRANGEMENT OF HYDROXYISOPROPYLDIHYDROFUROQUINOLONES AND OF DIHYDRODIMETHYLPYRANOQUINOLONES
Authors: JAMES K. J. , GRUNDON M. F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn einer erneuten Untersuchung werden basenkatalysierte Umlagerungsreaktionen von (+)‐(R′)‐Balfourodin (I) und (+)‐(R)‐Isobalfourodin (V) durchgeführt: Aus (I) wird ‐ über die Intermediärstufe (II) ‐ (+)‐(R)‐w‐Balfourodin (III) erhalten, das im Gemisch mit (‐)‐(S)‐ ,D‐Isobalfourodin (IV) auch aus (I) mit methanolischem NaOH entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL ZWITTERIONIC STRUCTURE AND AN UNUSUAL SUGAR RING CONFORMATION IN 5‐IODO‐5′‐AMINO‐2′,5′‐DIDEOXYURIDINE, AN ANTIVIRAL NUCLEOSIDE
Authors: BIRNBAUM G. I. , LIN T.‐S. , SHIAU G. T. , PRUSOFF W. H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Röntgenkrista1lanalyse wird für das Titelnucleosid (I) (Raumgruppe P2121 21) eine dreidimensionale zwitterionische Struktur ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOAMINO ACIDS AND NUCLEOPEPTIDES. IV. SYNTHESIS OF OLIGONUCLEOPEPTIDES CONTAINING URACILYL‐N1‐α‐ALANINE AND ADENYLYL‐N9‐α‐ALANINE RESIDUES
Authors: OLSUF'EVA E. N. , SHVACHKIN YU. P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMit Hilfe der geschützten, aktivierten Ester (I) und (IV) einerseits und den Dipeptidestern (II) und (V) andererseits werden geschützte Tripeptidester (III) und (VI) mit β‐(Uracilyl‐Nl )‐ α‐alan1n‐, β‐(Adenylyl‐N9)‐a‐alanin‐ sowie Alaninfragmenten hergestellt.
Continuous‐flow microwave enhanced oxidation process for treating sewage sludge
Authors: Lo K. Victor , Liao Ping H. , Srinivasan Asha 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe microwave‐enhanced advanced oxidation (MW/H2O2‐AOP) treatment of sewage sludge in a continuous‐flow 915 MHz microwave system was studied. A higher H2O2 dosage at the same flow rate resulted in better solids disintegration in terms of higher soluble chemical oxygen demand. The highest soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration of 5174 mg/L was obtained at a dosage of 0.005 L/L (0.5 % v/v). A higher soluble chemical oxygen demand was obtained at a higher flow rate with the same H2O2 dosage. A substantial amount of soluble phosphorus (over 60 % of total phosphorus content) was produced for all treatments, regardless of H2O2 dosage. A first‐order reaction kinetics of soluble chemical oxygen demand was proposed in this study. Real‐time energy consumption corresponding to performance efficacy, which provides a realistic assessment of the process efficiency, was calculated. Energy consumption was found to vary between 0.22–0.29 kWh/L of sludge treated. The results demonstrated that a continuous‐flow 915 MHz microwave system resulted in high treatment efficiency in terms of nutrient release, solids disintegration, and low energy consumption, which is suitable for real‐time industrial applications.
Targeting Steroidogenic Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) with 6‐Substituted 1‐Imidazolylmethylxanthones
Authors: Gobbi Silvia , Hu Qingzhong , Zimmer Christina , Belluti Federica , Rampa Angela , Hartmann Rolf W. , Bisi Alessandra 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAbnormally high corticosteroid levels are responsible for the onset of serious hormone‐related diseases, and the inhibition of their biosynthesis by targeting cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 has emerged as a promising strategy to restore healthy physiological levels of corticosteroids. With the aim of exploiting the xanthone scaffold as a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry and to further explore the chemical space of inhibitors of these CYPs, a small library of imidazolylmethylxanthones was designed based on the results of a previously described compound series. Assuming the capacity for an additional interaction with these enzymes, a properly selected substituent was introduced at position 6 of the xanthone core, maintaining the key imidazolylmethyl moiety at position 1. The 6‐fluoro and 6‐nitro derivatives [1‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)methyl‐6‐fluoro‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one (1 a) and 1‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)methyl‐6‐nitro‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one (1 d), respectively] proved to be active in the low nanomolar range, showing selectivity toward the related steroidogenic enzymes CYP19 and CYP17, even if the problem of selectivity between the two CYP11B isoforms remains unsolved. On the other hand, the 6‐chloro derivative 1‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)methyl‐6‐chloro‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one (1 b) was found to be a fairly potent and somewhat selective CYP19 inhibitor, confirming the versatility of the scaffold.
Astrocytic glutamate transport regulates a Drosophila CNS synapse that lacks astrocyte ensheathment
Authors: MacNamee Sarah E. , Liu Kendra E. , Gerhard Stephan , Tran Cathy T. , Fetter Richard D. , Cardona Albert , Tolbert Leslie P. , Oland Lynne A. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTAnatomical, molecular, and physiological interactions between astrocytes and neuronal synapses regulate information processing in the brain. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has become a valuable experimental system for genetic manipulation of the nervous system and has enormous potential for elucidating mechanisms that mediate neuron–glia interactions. Here, we show the first electrophysiological recordings from Drosophila astrocytes and characterize their spatial and physiological relationship with particular synapses. Astrocyte intrinsic properties were found to be strongly analogous to those of vertebrate astrocytes, including a passive current‐voltage relationship, low membrane resistance, high capacitance, and dye‐coupling to local astrocytes. Responses to optogenetic stimulation of glutamatergic premotor neurons were correlated directly with anatomy using serial electron microscopy reconstructions of homologous identified neurons and surrounding astrocytic processes. Robust bidirectional communication was present: neuronal activation triggered astrocytic glutamate transport via excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (Eaat1), and blocking Eaat1 extended glutamatergic interneuron‐evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents in motor neurons. The neuronal synapses were always located within 1 μm of an astrocytic process, but none were ensheathed by those processes. Thus, fly astrocytes can modulate fast synaptic transmission via neurotransmitter transport within these anatomical parameters. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1979–1998, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lactide Synthesis and Chirality Control for Polylactic acid Production
Authors: Van Wouwe Pieter , Dusselier Michiel , Vanleeuw Evelien , Sels Bert 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) is a very promising biodegradable, renewable, and biocompatible polymer. Aside from its production, its application field is also increasing, with use not only in commodity applications but also as durables and in biomedicine. In the current PLA production scheme, the most expensive part is not the polymerization itself but obtaining the building blocks lactic acid (LA) and lactide, the actual cyclic monomer for polymerization. Although the synthesis of LA and the polymerization have been studied systematically, reports of lactide synthesis are scarce. Most lactide synthesis methods are described in patent literature, and current energy‐intensive, aselective industrial processes are based on archaic scientific literature. This Review, therefore, highlights new methods with a technical comparison and description of the different approaches. Water‐removal methodologies are compared, as this is a crucial factor in PLA production. Apart from the synthesis of lactide, this Review also emphasizes the use of chemically produced racemic lactic acid (esters) as a starting point in the PLA production scheme. Stereochemically tailored PLA can be produced according to such a strategy, giving access to various polymer properties.
Geographic variation in advertisement calls of a Microhylid frog – testing the role of drift and ecology
Authors: Lee Ko‐Huan , Shaner Pei‐Jen L. , Lin Yen‐Po , Lin Si‐Min 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAcoustic signals for mating are important traits that could drive population differentiation and speciation. Ecology may play a role in acoustic divergence through direct selection (e.g., local adaptation to abiotic environment), constraint of correlated traits (e.g., acoustic traits linked to another trait under selection), and/or interspecific competition (e.g., character displacement). However, genetic drift alone can also drive acoustic divergence. It is not always easy to differentiate the role of ecology versus drift in acoustic divergence. In this study, we tested the role of ecology and drift in shaping geographic variation in the advertisement calls of Microhyla fissipes. We examined three predictions based on ecological processes: (1) the correlation between temperature and call properties across M. fissipes populations; (2) the correlation between call properties and body size across M. fissipes populations; and (3) reproductive character displacement (RCD) in call properties between M. fissipes populations that are sympatric with and allopatric to a congener M. heymonsi. To test genetic drift, we examined correlations among call divergence, geographic distance, and genetic distance across M. fissipes populations. We recorded the advertisement calls from 11 populations of M. fissipes in Taiwan, five of which are sympatrically distributed with M. heymonsi. We found geographic variation in both temporal and spectral properties of the advertisement calls of M. fissipes. However, the call properties were not correlated with local temperature or the callers' body size. Furthermore, we did not detect RCD. By contrast, call divergence, geographic distance, and genetic distance between M. fissipes populations were all positively correlated. The comparisons between phenotypic Qst (Pst) and Fst values did not show significant differences, suggesting a role of drift. We concluded that genetic drift, rather than ecological processes, is the more likely driver for the geographic variation in the advertisement calls of M. fissipes.
A trait‐based approach reveals the feeding selectivity of a small endangered Mediterranean fish
Authors: Rodríguez‐Lozano Pablo , Verkaik Iraima , Maceda‐Veiga Alberto , Monroy Mario , de Sostoa Adolf , Rieradevall Maria , Prat Narcís 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFunctional traits are growing in popularity in modern ecology, but feeding studies remain primarily rooted in a taxonomic‐based perspective. However, consumers do not have any reason to select their prey using a taxonomic criterion, and prey assemblages are variable in space and time, which makes taxon‐based studies assemblage‐specific. To illustrate the benefits of the trait‐based approach to assessing food choice, we studied the feeding ecology of the endangered freshwater fishBarbus meridionalis. We hypothesized thatB. meridionalisis a selective predator which food choice depends on several prey morphological and behavioral traits, and thus, its top‐down pressure may lead to changes in the functional composition of in‐stream macroinvertebrate communities. Feeding selectivity was inferred by comparing taxonomic and functional composition (13 traits) between ingested and free‐living potential prey using the Jacob's electivity index. Our results showed that the fish diet was influenced by 10 of the 13 traits tested.Barbus meridionalispreferred prey with a potential size of 5–10 mm, with a medium–high drift tendency, and that drift during daylight. Potential prey with no body flexibility, conical shape, concealment traits (presence of nets and/or cases, or patterned coloration), and high aggregation tendency had a low predation risk. Similarly, surface swimmers and interstitial taxa were low vulnerable to predation. Feeding selectivity altered the functional composition of the macroinvertebrate communities. Fish absence favored taxa with weak aggregation tendency, weak flexibility, and a relatively large size (10–20 mm of potential size). Besides, predatory invertebrates may increase in fish absence. In conclusion, our study shows that the incorporation of the trait‐based approach in diet studies is a promising avenue to improve our mechanistic understanding of predator–prey interactions and to help predict the ecological outcomes of predator invasions and extinctions.
Worsening heart failure in ‘real‐world’ clinical practice: predictors and prognostic impact
Authors: AlFaleh Hussam , Elasfar Abdelfatah A. , Ullah Anhar , AlHabib Khalid F. , Hersi Ahmad , Mimish Layth , Almasood Ali , Al Ghamdi Saleh , Ghabashi Abdullah , Malik Asif , Hussein Gamal A. , Al‐Murayeh Mushabab , Abuosa Ahmed , Al Habeeb Waleed , Kashour Tarek 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to compare the clinical features, predictors, and clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized with acute heart failure (AHF), with and without worsening heart failure (WHF).Methods and resultsWe used data from a multicentre prospective registry of AHF patients created in Saudi Arabia. WHF was defined as recurrence of heart failure symptoms or signs—with or without cardiogenic shock. In‐hospital short‐ and long‐term outcomes, as well as predictors of WHF are described. Of the 2609 AHF patients enrolled, 33.8% developed WHF. WHF patients were more likely to have a history of heart failure and ischaemic heart disease. Use of intravenous vasodilators, inotropic agents, furosemide infusions, and discharge beta‐blockers was significantly higher in WHF patients, while use of discharge ACE inhibitors was higher in patients without WHF. Length of hospital stay was significantly longer for WHF patients than for those without WHF [median (interquartile range) 13 (14) vs. 7 (7) days, P < 0.001]. In‐hospital, 30‐day, 1‐year, and 2‐year mortality rates were higher in WHF patients than in non‐WHF patients. The adjusted odds ratios for in‐hospital, 30‐day, and 1‐year mortality were 4.13 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.74–6.20, P < 0.001], 3.17 (95% CI 2.21–4.56, P < 0.001), and 1.34 (95% CI 1.04–1.71, P = 0.021), respectively. The strongest predictors for WHF were having ischaemic cardiomyopathy, AHF with concomitant acute coronary syndrome, and low haemoglobin.ConclusionIn real‐world clinical practice, WHF during hospitalization for AHF is a strong predictor for short‐ and intermediate‐term mortality, and a cause for longer hospital stays.