bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Bipolar Disorder Treated with Atypical Antipsychotics, their First-degree Relatives and Control Group
Authors: Arya S. , Ahmadkhaniha H. , Arya B. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction and objectivePatients with serious mental illness have lower life expectancy and higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared to normal population. Although, we have little evidence about their first-degree relatives.AimsTo compare metabolic syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder treated with atypical antipsychotics, their first degree relatives and healthy subjects in two age groups: under and over 40.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with bipolar disorder treated with atypical antipsychotics, 50 first degree relatives and 135 healthy subjects. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was assessed based on National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP).ResultsUnder the age of 40, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 15.4% in patients with Bipolar disorder, 17.6% in first degree relatives and 7% in healthy subjects. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in bipolar disorder patients (P = 0.004). In those over 40, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 31.8% in patients with bipolar disorder, 33.3% in first-degree relatives and 32.8% in healthy subjects. Serum levels of HDL were significantly lower in bipolar disorder patients (P = 0.002).ConclusionPatients with bipolar disorder and their first-degree relatives have greater chance for cardiovascular disease due to higher metabolic syndrome. Further investigations are needed for evaluating serious mental illness patients and their relatives.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Association Between HbA1c and Number of Episodes in Individuals with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Fellendorf F. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBipolar disorder (BD) is associated with an impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) leading to diabetes mellitus Type II (DM). DM influences the medical state of BD individuals and leads to increased mortality. However, there is evidence that IGM is associated with psychiatric symptoms, as well.AimThe study aimed to investigate the association between IGM and number of episodes and their ratio in individuals with BD, separated for gender.MethodsHbA1c levels from fasting blood were measured of 162 individuals (46% females) with BD. Furthermore, clinical parameters e.g. number of depressive and (hypo)manic episodes were gathered.ResultsAfter adjustment for illness duration and BMI there was a positive correlation in male individuals between HbA1c and number of depressive (M = 13.86, SD = 14.67; r = .308, P < 0.05) as well as (hypo)manic episodes (M = 17.23, SD = 24.24; r = 0.263, P < 0.05). There was no association in females as well as between HbA1c levels and ratio of episodes.ConclusionAssociations between HbA1c and number of episodes in male individuals with BD were found. As there are correlations between IGM and somatic comorbidities as well as the course of illness the treatment of glucose metabolism is important in BD. However, number of episodes might have an impact on the glucose metabolism due to inflammation processes, but further investigations have to focus on the direction of the found correlation. As gender differences are known in different pathways, they should be considered in research, diagnosis and therapy.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
E-Mental Health Interventions for the Treatment of Gambling
Authors: Dom G. , Snippe L. , Willemen R. , Wiers R. , Boffo M. 
Published: June 2017

Gambling Disorder (GD) is a complex psychopathological phenomenon, characterized by the interaction of multiple etiological factors and a very heterogeneous symptomatological expression. Currently many questions remain concerning the best way of treating GD. Indeed, the traditional used (cognitive) behavioral interventions have at best a modest effect size. In addiction, there remains a large treatment gap, i.e. less than 10% of pathological gamblers ever seek help and enter treatment. E-health interventions could potentially help to close this gap. Cognitive bias modification (CBM) refers to a class of cognitive training paradigms that target specific automatic attentional, behavioral or evaluative biases triggered by addiction-related cues. These biases have repeatedly been shown to play an important role in addiction. Recently a number of studies have shown that modifying these biases has been effective in the treatment of different types of addictions, e.g. alcohol use disorders. An online Approach Bias Modification program, testing both Attention Bias Modification (ABM) and Approach Bias Modification (AppBM), is currently tested with Belgian and Dutch problem and disordered gamblers. Personalized motivational feedback has been added to the training program, to increase training adherence and prevent dropout. The same research group is also launching a second web-based study combining online AppBM with an online standard, protocoled, cognitive behavioral Therapy (CBT) program with guidance of a trained therapist. Participants receive nine CBT sessions through online chat with the therapist and, concurrently, nine sessions of AppBM. Preliminary results will be discussed.Disclosure of interestMember Advisory board Lundbeck-Belgium.Received grant from LOTTO- Belgium to conduct behavioural study that will be discussed in presentation
Emotional Face Recognition in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Homorogan C. , Adam R. , Barboianu R. , Popovici Z. , Bredicean C. , Ienciu M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEmotional face recognition is significant for social communication. This is impaired in mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder. Individuals with bipolar disorder lack the ability to perceive facial expressions.ObjectivesTo analyse the capacity of emotional face recognition in subjects diagnosed with bipolar disorder.AimsTo establish a correlation between emotion recognition ability and the evolution of bipolar disease.MethodsA sample of 24 subjects were analysed in this trial, diagnosed with bipolar disorder (according to ICD-10 criteria), who were hospitalised in the Psychiatry Clinic of Timisoara and monitored in outpatients clinic. Subjects were introduced in the trial based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. The analysed parameters were: socio-demographic (age, gender, education level), the number of relapses, the predominance of manic or depressive episodes, and the ability of identifying emotions (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test).ResultsMost of the subjects (79.16%) had a low ability to identify emotions, 20.83% had a normal capacity to recognise emotions, and none of them had a high emotion recognition capacity. The positive emotions (love, joy, surprise) were easier recognised, by 75% of the subjects, than the negative ones (anger, sadness, fear). There was no evident difference in emotional face recognition between the individuals with predominance of manic episodes than the ones who had mostly depressive episodes, and between the number of relapses.ConclusionsThe individuals with bipolar disorder have difficulties in identifying facial emotions, but with no obvious correlation between the analysed parameters.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Burden of care of the caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients and relationship with burnout syndromes
Authors: Yildizhan E. , Ören N. , Erdoğan A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIncreased caregiver burden and burn out in Alzheimer disease is associated with a spectrum of problems, like depression or anxiety.ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between the burden of care and burnout level of professional staff dealing with Alzheimer's disease patients in geriatric inpatient centers in Turkey.MethodsZarit Caregiver Burden Scale to measure the level of burden of care, and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to measure the level of burnout. Relationships between the socio-demographic data of the sample group, burden of care and burnout level were investigated. Sample group was consisting of 203 caregivers working in 8 geriatric care centers in Istanbul.ResultsThe surveyed caregivers’ “burden of care giving” level was low (35.3 ± 9.9); “emotional exhaustion” level was weak (2.3 ± 0.8); “depersonalization” level was weak (1.9 ± 0.6); “a feeling of low personal accomplishment” level was weak (2.5 ± 0.8); “general burnout” level was weak (2.3 ± 0.5). There was positive correlation between caregiver burden and burnout level. According to the sociodemographic data, married women with children were especially in increased risk for burnout. Low level of education was associated with increased caregiver burden and burnout. Caregiver burden and depersonalization points were also higher with increasing age.ConclusionsSupportive interventions are needed to decrease the burnout and caregiver burden especially for the caregivers with increased risk.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Improving recruitment in psychiatry: The impact of a psychiatry summer school on attitudes towards psychiatry in medical students and foundation doctors
Authors: O’Prey C. , Hyland D. , O’Flaherty C. , Bramham G. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIn 2011, the Royal College of Psychiatrists in UK published a five-year plan to boost recruitment to a 95% fill rate for core training posts. Psychiatric summer schools were one of the methods outlined to improve recruitment. These are 3-day courses allowing attendees to explore different subspecialties and showcase inspiring psychiatrists who are leaders in their field.AimsTo evaluate whether attending a Psychiatry Summer School improves scores on the attitudes towards Psychiatry Scale (ATP-30) in Medical Students (MS) and Junior Doctors (JD).MethodsTwo free courses were held; one for MS in August 2016 and one for JD in November 2015. These involved interactive talks from consultant psychiatrists in various sub-specialties and a day in a forensic setting. All attendees were asked to complete ATP-30 before and immediately after attendance. A higher ATP-30 score indicates a more positive the attitude the minimum score is 30 and the maximum is 50. Paired scores were analysed using a paired t-test.ResultsThirty-three out of 45 attendees completed ATP-30 MS (n = 20/24) and JD (n = 13/21) before and after the course. The mean ATP30 score was 116 before attendance and 128 after the course, the mean difference was +12. When the two samples were compared using a paired t-test, there was a significant positive difference P < 0.0005.ConclusionsPsychiatry summer schools can improve attitudes towards psychiatry in medical students and junior doctors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Efficacy and safety of MIN-101: A new drug for the treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia a 12-week randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Luthringer R. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of MIN-101, a compound with high affinities for sigma 2 and 5-HT 2A receptors, to placebo in treating negative symptoms, in stabilized patients with schizophrenia.MethodsThis multi-national phase 2b trial enrolled 244 patients with schizophrenia who were symptomatically stable for ≥ 3 months prior to entering the trial and had scores ≥ 20 negative subscale of the PANSS. Patients were randomized to monotherapy with MIN-101 32 mg/day, MIN-101 64 mg/day or placebo in a 1:1:1 ratio. The primary endpoint was the PANSS negative symptom score based on the five factors (pentagonal) model.ResultsStatistically significant reduction in the primary endpoint score was demonstrated for MIN-101 32 mg and 64 mg compared to placebo (P ≤ 0.022, ES 0.45 and ≤ 0.003, ES 0.58, respectively). This was supported by similar effects on most of the secondary measurements including: the PANSS three factors negative symptoms subscale, PANSS total score, CGI, BACS, CDSS, and PSP. There were no statistically significant differences in PANSS positive subscale scores between MIN-101 and placebo. No weight gain or clinically significant changes in vital sings, prolactin levels, routine laboratory values, metabolic indices and extrapyramidal symptom scores (EPS) were observed.ConclusionsSince positive symptoms and EPS did not change, the improvement in negative symptoms was not secondary to improvement in positive symptoms or EPS, suggesting that MIN-101 might be the first specific treatment to have a direct effect on negative symptoms.Disclosure of interestI have received consultant fees from Minerva Neuroscience the sponsor of this trial and own stock of Minerva Neuroscience
Does Adolescents’ Depressive Symptoms Increase the Possibility of Addictive Internet Gaming?: 1-year Follow up Study in Korea
Authors: Jo S.J. , Yim H.W. , Hyunsuk J. , Eunjin K. , Hye-Jung S. , Hae Koo L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAdolescents’ Internet gaming disorders might influence on their social and psychological developmental tasks and physical health negatively. Depression is the commonly co-existed conditions with addictive Internet gaming, but not much research has been reported whether depressive symptoms would precede the addictive Internet gaming in this population.ObjectivesThis prospective observation study was performed to make clear whether adolescents’ depressive symptoms precede their addictive Internet gaming.AimsAdolescents’ 1-year incidence of the addictive Internet gaming was calculated, and test their depressive symptoms increase the incidence.MethodsIn Korea, whole students of the 1st grade in three middle schools were participated in this study. Baseline assessment of 508 students was performed via standardized self-reported questionnaire on May–June, 2015. Internet game use-elicited symptom screen (IGUESS) was used to addictive Internet gaming conditions. IGUESS is the 9-itemed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria-based instrument to screen high risk of Internet gaming disorders. Depressive symptoms was measured by Child Depression Inventory (CDI) group. One year after the baseline assessment, follow-up assessment was performed. Four hundred and forty-eight students have been participated in the 1-year check up without addictive Internet gaming at baseline.ResultsIn total, 4.7% of subjects had depressive symptoms at baseline, and incidence of addictive Internet gaming was 9.2%. After adjusted by sex, Internet game use per week, and self-control status, depressive symptoms of baseline increased the 1-year incidence of addictive Internet gaming significantly (OR = 3.5, P = 0.034).ConclusionsDepressive adolescents have higher possibility they could experience the addictive Internet gaming.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Some Personality Traits in Patients with Bipolar II Disorder
Authors: Zuljan Cvitanovic M. , Stipetic I. , Lasic D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBipolar I disorder (BD I) is characterised by at least one full-manic episode. In bipolar II disorder (BD II), all upswings are hypomanic, which means they never reach full-blown mania. Therefore, BD II evolves into BD I, but BD I can never evolve into BD II. Differential diagnosis of patients evaluated for BD II should include BD I, major depressive disorder (MDD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Patients with BPD often have the same type of severely disrupted life as well as patients with BD II because of the multiple episodes of significant mood disorder symptoms.ObjectivesEstablishing some personality traits in patients suffering from BD II, their relationship and predictability.MethodsThe test group was formed out of 55 patients diagnosed with BD II in remission phase from 2012 until 2015. Three measuring instruments were used: Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Self-destruction Scale (SAD) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).ResultsWe calculated the prevalence of personality traits (neuroticism, psychoticism, elements of borderline personality Disorder), their correlation and predictive validity.ConclusionWe established the prevalence of neuroticism, elements of Borderline Personality Disorder and their significant predictability in patients with BD II in remission.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Emotional Expression and Culture: Implications from Nine Arab Countries
Authors: Abu-Hamda B. , Soliman A. , Babekr A. , Bellaj T. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThere is a notion that emotional expression is universal, yet it is subject to cultural variations. Research in this field has studied cultural extremes in European, American and East Asian cultures. However, very little is known about the differences in emotional expression in the Arab subcultures.ObjectiveExploring the differences between the emotional reactions among the nine Arab subcultures.Aims (1) Examining the cultural differences in emotional reactions; (2) examining the differences between Muslim and non-Muslim individuals; (3) exploring the differences between Arabs and non-Arabs.MethodsSeveral real life scenarios including 15 different stressful situations and 15 non-stressful situations were presented to 40 individuals from the nine Arab subcultures. The participants were aged between 18 to 40 years of age. The subjects were randomly classified into groups depending on whether they were Arabs or non-Arabs and according to whether they were Muslims or non-Muslims. The subjects’ emotional reactions were measured by means of Likert-like items.ResultsThe results showed that there were no significant differences among the nine Arab subcultures in their emotional reactions to the non-stressful situations. However, there were significant differences among the Arab subcultures in the stressful situations. Moreover, both religion and ethics were strong predictors of the differences in the emotional reactions that varied between subjects in their cultural group. The Arab Muslims tended to express more anger but the Arab non-Muslims expressed more sadness.ConclusionsEmotional expression is impacted by ones’ cultural background and is particularly influenced by religion and ethics. Although Arab countries share the same language, they express emotions differently.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Family Environment as Predictor of Adolescents’ Loneliness
Authors: Balážová M. , Gallová I. , Praško J. , Šlepecký M. , Kotianová A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAt the present time, adolescents are in particular vulnerable to feelings of loneliness. They are gradually emancipating from their family and establish relationships with peers. Among the important predictors of loneliness belong genetic and personal variables and factors of social environment.Objectives and aimsTo examine predictors of adolescents’ loneliness which are located in family environment. To find out how empathy, emotional relationship and control by both of parents contribute to loneliness of adolescent boys and girls.MethodsWe examined 206 adolescents in the age from 10 to 18 years through Basic Empathy Scale, Parenting Style Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used for data analysis.ResultsThe significant predictors of boys’ loneliness in family environment are emotional relationship of mother and affective empathy of father. The significant predictors of girls’ loneliness include emotional relationship and cognitive empathy of father. Parental control is not a significant predictor of adolescents’ loneliness.ConclusionAdolescents’ loneliness is largely influenced by factors of family environment. Our study highlights the role of emotional relationship provided by the opposite sex parent. Cold behavior of the opposite sex parent could reduce self-esteem and self-confidence of adolescents. Both could help them establish relationships with peers and people outside family, thus protecting them against loneliness. A significant predictor of boys’ and girls’ loneliness is also empathy of father. We recommend to make use of our findings in clinical practice with adolescents, in family therapy as well as in context of attachment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Resilient Coping and Social Networks in Old Age
Authors: Daniel F. , Antunes A. , Guadalupe S. , Massano-Cardoso I. , Vicente H. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBoth resilient coping strategies and the structural/functional characteristics of personal social networks are considered important factors when facing adversity and the challenges inherent to the aging process.ObjectivesTo analyze the association between the configurations of ego-centred networks and different levels of resilient coping in a sample of elderly people.MethodsQuantitative, cross-sectional study comparing groups, with 512 participants, mostly women (n = 325; 63.5%), married (n = 264; 51.5%), with 76 years old in average (SD ± 7.6), and with basic education (n = 261; 51%). We used a socio-demographic questionnaire, the IARSP-Elderly (personal social network assessment tool) and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale for data collection.ResultsWe found different levels of resilient coping in our sample: low (50.4%); medium (38,7%); strong (10.9%). These three levels of coping were associated with the composition of ego-centred networks, namely the proportion of friends and colleagues (P < 0.05), different perceived emotional support, reciprocity and satisfaction with the network (P < 0.05), frequency of contacts and relationships’ durability (P < 0.05).ConclusionsHigher levels of coping are associated with a larger proportion of friends in the network, whereas the familistic networks are associated with low coping. Although participants in our study revealed mainly kin comprised networks, these results reflect the relevance of resilient coping in the activation of non-kin relationships in old age.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.