bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF 1‐SUBSTITUTED 5,5′‐DIPHENYL‐3,4:3′,4′‐DIBENZO‐2,2′‐DIPYRROMETHENES AND MECHANISM OF THEIR FORMATION
Authors: NAN'YA S. , SANO Y. , MIZOGUCHI T. , MAEKAWA E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAcetylbenzophenon (I) reagiert mit dem Hydrazinhydrochlorid (IIa) zu dem blauen Pigmentfarbstoff (IVa) als Hauptprodukt, während die Amine (IIb) und (IIc) unter diesen Bedingungen in Gegenwart des Hydroxyisoindols (III) neben (IVb), (IVc) und (IVd) auch noch zu den Chloriden (Vb) und (Vc) reagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL CYANATION OF PORPHYRINS: MESO‐MONO‐ TO TETRACYANOOCTAETHYLPORPHYRINS
Authors: CALLOT H. J. , LOUATI A. , GROSS M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie elektrochemische Cyanierung von Octaethyl‐zink‐porphyrin (I) mit Tetraethylammonium‐cyanid an einer Pt‐Elektrode in Dimethylformamid wird untersucht und liefert je nach der angelegten Spannung das Mono‐nitril (IIa), ein Gemisch der beiden Dinitrile (IIb) und (IIc), das Tetra‐nitril (IIe) bzw. das Trinitril (IId).
ChemInform Abstract: PORPHYRINS. 13. REACTION OF MESO‐(DIMETHYLAMINOMETHYL)ETIOPORPHYRIN I WITH NUCLEOPHILES IN THE PRESENCE OF ZINC ACETATE
Authors: PONOMAREV G. V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Dimethylaminomethyl‐ ätioporphyrin (I) reagiert in Gegenwart von Zinkacetat leicht mit aliphatischen Alkoholen, aber auch mit Phenolen und ungesättigten Alkoholen (II) unter Bildung von Alkoxymethylderivaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF THUJOPSENE WITH LEAD TETRAACETATE
Authors: YOKOI K. , MATSUBARA Y. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOxidation der Titelverbindung (I) mit Pb(OAc)4 liefert die isomeren Sesquiterpenoide (II) und (III) sowie Widdrol (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (‐)‐APLYSIN AND (‐)‐DEBROMOAPLYSIN
Authors: RONALD R. C. , GEWALI M. B. , RONALD B. P. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract(+)‐a‐Pinen (I) liefert bei der Hydroborierung das (‐)‐Isopinocampheol (IIa), aus dem die Derivate (IIb) und (IIc) hergestellt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF BENZYLOXYCARBONYL ‐L‐AMINO ACID 4‐METHYLCOUMARYL‐7‐AMIDES
Authors: KHAMMUNGKHUNE S. , SIGLER G. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract7‐Amino‐4‐methylcumarin (I) wird mit Diethylphosphit (II) in Gegenwart von Phosphorpentoxid zum Phosphorsäureamid (III) umgesetzt und dieses mit N‐Benzyloxycarbonyl‐aminosäuren (IV) in die Amide (V) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC HYDROFORMYLATION AND HYDROCARBOXYLATION OF ENAMIDES. SYNTHESIS OF ALANINE AND PROLINE
Authors: BECKER Y. , EISENSTADT A. , STILLE J. K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie durch Carbonyltris‐(triphenylphosphim‐rhodiumhydrid katalysierte Hydroformylierung von N‐Vinylsuccinimid (I) und N‐Vinyl‐phthalimid (III) zu den Aldehyden (II) bzw. (IV) wird untersucht, wobei in Gegenwart von optisch aktiven Phosphor‐Verbindungen wie (XXI)‐(XXIV) eine optische Induzierung erfolgt.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION REACTIONS. 10. PREPARATION OF 2‐C‐(DIACETYLMETHYL) AND 2‐C‐(ACETYLMETHYL) DERIVATIVES WITH THE ALTRO, GLUCO, AND MANNO CONFIGURATION FROM METHYL 4,6‐O‐BENZYLIDENE‐2,3‐DIDEOXY‐3‐NITRO‐α‐D‐ERYTHRO‐HEX‐2‐ENOPYRANOSIDE
Authors: SAKAKIBARA T. , SETA A. , TACHIMORI Y. , SUDOH R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion des Hexenopyranosids (I) mit Acetylaceton (II) unter NaOH‐Katalyse in THF liefert nach 1 h das 2‐C‐Acetylmethyl‐a‐D‐mannopyranosid (IIIa); wird die Reaktion nur 20 min durchgeführt, so entstehen das Mannopyranosid (IIIb) und das Altropyranosid (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF UNSATURATED CARBOHYDRATES AND CYCLITOLS FROM OXIRANES
Authors: PAULSEN H. , HEIKER F. R. , FELDMANN J. , HEYNS K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEpoxy‐Zucker wie (I), (IV) oder (VI) können bei der Behandlung mit 3‐Methyl‐2‐ selenoxo‐l ,3‐benzothiazol (II) in Methylenchlorid in Gegenwart von Trifluoressigsäure in guten Ausbeuten in die ungesättigten Kohlenhydrate, wie (III), (V) bzw. (VII),übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF THE (‐)‐ENANTIOMER OF (+)‐ANHYDROMYRIOCIN, THE Γ‐LACTONE DERIVED FROM MYRIOCIN (THERMOZYMOCIDIN)
Authors: JUST G. , PAYETTE D. R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem L‐Arabinose‐Derivat (Ia) entsteht das geschützte Derivat (Ib), das in der angegebenen Weise zu den Naturstoffen (V)‐(VIII) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: IMPORTANCE OF THE SUBSTITUENT ON C(2) IN THE INTERCONVERSION OF THE THIAZINE AND THIAZOLIDINE SYSTEM OF β‐LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: BALSAMO A. , GIORGI I. , MACCHIA B. , MACCHIA F. , ROSAI A. , DOMIANO P. , NANNINI G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Behandlung mit Silberacetat in Eisessig erhält man aus dem 2a‐Methoxy‐3a‐bromcepham (Ia) die stereoisomeren Penamderivate (IIa), während die Zß‐Verbindung (Ib) nicht in dieser Weise reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: CONCENTRATION AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MOLYBDENUM WITH THIOCYANATE AND RHODAMINE 6G
Authors: RAO T. P. , RAMAKRISHNA T. V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie in 0.55‐0.8 mol dm3 HCl‐Lösung durchgeführte Bestimmungsmethode ist empfindlich (ε = 2.63·105l mol‐1cm‐1) und gehorcht im Bereich 0.04‐0.24 ppm Mo dem Beerschen Gesetz.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Resolution of β‐Sulfonyl Ketones Through Enantioselective β‐Elimination Using a Cation‐Binding Polyether Catalyst.
Authors: Li Liang , Liu Yidong , Peng Yang , Yu Lei , Wu Xiaoyan , Yan Hailong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the presence of KF as reagent and a chiral BINOL‐derived cation‐binding polyether as catalyst, the first asymmetric β‐elimination of sulfones of type (I) and (III) is achieved resulting in a kinetic resolution to give the corresponding (R)‐sulfones with e.e.′s better than 90%.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemo‐ and Regioselective Head‐to‐Tail Heterodimerization of Vinylarenes with 1,1‐Diphenylethene over a Heterogeneous Catalyst (Snβ Zeolite).
Authors: Mameda Naresh , Peraka Swamy , Kodumuri Srujana , Chevella Durgaiah , Marri Mahender Reddy , Aytam Hari Padmasri , Nama Narender 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAlkenes bearing strong electron‐withdrawing groups and 1‐octene are not applicable as substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Fenton Reagent‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Enamines of 3‐Oxocarboxylates with CF3I.
Authors: Ohtsuka Yuhki , Uraguchi Daisuke , Yamamoto Kyoko , Tokuhisa Kenji , Yamakawa Tetsu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTrifluoromethylation followed by acid hydrolysis furnishes compounds (III) which can be converted to (2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)ketones via decarboxylation.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Heterogeneous Ligand Free C—N Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Palladium Supported on Magnetic Nanoparticles.
Authors: Rafiee Ezzat , Ataei Ali , Joshaghani Mohammad 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIncreasing the electron withdrawing nature of the substituents at aryl halides (I) and (IV) significantly decreases the yield of the reaction probably due to a competitive dehalogenation reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Site‐Specific Incorporation of Red‐Shifted Azobenzene Amino Acids into Proteins.
Authors: John Alford A. , Ramil Carlo P. , Tian Yulin , Cheng Gang , Lin Qing 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe CAN‐catalyzed reaction of quinonoidal spirolactones with various aromatic hydrazines afford the title amino acids in moderate to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient, Scalable Syntheses of Important Intermediates in Tribenzotriquinacene Chemistry.
Authors: Beaudoin Daniel , Rominger Frank , Mastalerz Michael 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA novel synthesis of tribromo‐tribenzotriquinacene on multigram scale and its conversion into trimethoxy‐tribenzotriquinacene is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of a New Spirobi[thieno[2,3‐c]pyran] and Its Selective Mono‐ and Dimetalation: Application for the Preparation of Soluble Conjugated Oligothiophenes and Pyrene Derivatives.
Authors: Dhayalan Vasudevan , Alcaniz Fernando Rabasa , Werner Veronika , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Knochel Paul 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe novel spiro compound (VI) is synthesized in eight steps starting from commercially available 3‐thienylacetic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Tin Powder‐Promoted One‐Pot Construction of α‐Methylene‐γ‐lactams and Spirolactams from Aldehydes or Ketones, Acylhydrazines, and 2‐(Bromomethyl)acrylate.
Authors: Xu Yanli , Huang Danfeng , Wang Ke‐Hu , Ma Junyan , Su Yingpeng , Fu Ying , Hu Yulai 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAliphatic acylhydrazines as well as cyclic ketones cyclohex‐2‐enone, 1‐indanone, 1‐tetralone, cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione, 2‐methyl‐, and 2‐chloro‐cyclohexanone do not yield the corresponding products.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereodivergent Asymmetric Michael Addition of Cyclic Azomethine Ylides to Nitroalkenes: Direct Approach for the Synthesis of 1,7‐Diazaspiro[4.4]nonane Diastereoisomers.
Authors: Li Chun‐Yan , Yang Wu‐Lin , Luo Xiaoyan , Deng Wei‐Ping 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA highly diastereoselective and enantioselective catalytic Michael addition of cyclic azomethine ylides with nitro alkenes selectively affords either the syn or anti Michael adducts depending on the ligand used in the copper catalytic system.
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantioselective Three‐Component Reaction of Diazoacetates with Indoles and Enals by Iridium/Iminium Co‐Catalysis.
Authors: Li Mingfeng , Guo Xin , Jin Weifeng , Zheng Qing , Liu Shunying , Hu Wenhao 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe first example of chiral secondary amine and iridium(I) co‐catalyzed enantioselective three‐component reaction of aryldiazoacetates, indoles and enals is developed to afford 3‐substituted indole derivatives in good yields and with moderate diastereoselectivity as well as excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused Carbazoles by Gold‐Catalyzed Tricyclization of Conjugated Diynes via Rearrangement of an N‐Propargyl Group.
Authors: Taguchi Masamitsu , Tokimizu Yusuke , Oishi Shinya , Fujii Nobutaka , Ohno Hiroaki 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTetracyclic fused carbazoles are obtained from various N‐propargylanilines bearing a conjugated diyne moiety at C‐2 by cascade reaction involving an indole formation with concomitant rearrangement of the N‐propargyl group, intramolecular nucleophilic addition to the resulting allene moiety, and subsequent hydroalkenylation in one‐pot.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,2‐Diamines Bearing Tetrasubstituted Centers from Nonstabilized Azomethine Ylides and N‐Sulfinylketimines under Broensted Acid Catalysis.
Authors: Izquierdo Cristina , Esteban Francisco , Garcia Ruano Jose Luis , Fraile Alberto , Aleman Jose 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe stereoselective cycloaddition reaction provides imidazolidines which may be desulfonylated with or without ring opening.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclopropyl‐ and Cyclobutylpiperidines: Advanced Building Blocks for Drug Discovery.
Authors: Vyzir Ivan I. , Iminov Rustam T. , Tverdokhlebov Anton , Tolmachev Andrey A. , Shcherbatiuk Andriy V. , Mykhailiuk Pavel K. , Biitseva Angelina V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA library of the title piperidines is obtained by Wittig reactions starting from readily available materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Polythene Glycol (PEG) as a Reusable Solvent System for the Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Triazines via Aerobic Oxidative Tandem Cyclization of Benzylamines and N‐Substituted Benzylamines with Amidines under Transition Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek R. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTriazines (III) and (VI) are smoothly synthesized within short reaction times using a catalyst‐free and environmentally benign procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Identification and Biosynthetic Characterization of Natural Aromatic Azoxy Products from Streptomyces chattanoogensis L10.
Authors: Guo Yuan‐Yang , Li Han , Zhou Zhen‐Xing , Mao Xu‐Ming , Tang Yi , Chen Xin , Jiang Xin‐Hang , Liu Yu , Jiang Hui , Li Yong‐Quan 
Published: April 2016

Abstractisolation, structural elucidation and biosynthetic pathway of three novel aromatic azoxy compounds, azoxymycins A, B, and C
ChemInform Abstract: Aryl(trifluoroethyl)iodonium Triflimide and Nitrile Solvent Systems: A Combination for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Armed 1,2‐trans‐β‐Glycosides at Noncryogenic Temperatures.
Authors: Chu An‐Hsiang Adam , Minciunescu Andrei , Bennett Clay S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe optimal mixed solvent system is dichloromethane/acetonitrile/isobutyronitrile/pivalonitrile (6:1:1:1).
ChemInform Abstract: New Iridoid Glycosides with Antidepressant Activity Isolated from Cyperus rotundus.
Authors: Zhou Zhong‐liu , Yin Wen‐Qing , Yang Ya‐Mei , He Chun‐Hong , Li Xiao‐Na , Zhou Cui‐Ping , Guo Hong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFrom the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus, two new iridoid glycosides, named rotunduside G (Ia) and rotunduside H (Ib) are isolated together with known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Finemet Nanocrystalline Soft Magnetic Alloy: Investigation of Glass Forming Ability, Crystallization Mechanism, Production Techniques, Magnetic Softness and the Effect of Replacing the Main Constituents by Other Elements
Authors: Gheiratmand T. , Hosseini H. R. Madaah 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReview: 120 refs.
Good Computational Practice in the Assignment of Absolute Configurations by TDDFT Calculations of ECD Spectra
Authors: Pescitelli Gennaro , Bruhn Torsten 
Published: April 2016

AbstractQuantum‐mechanical calculations of chiroptical properties have rapidly become the most popular method for assigning absolute configurations (AC) of organic compounds, including natural products. Black‐box time‐dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra are nowadays readily accessible to nonexperts. However, an uncritical attitude may easily deliver a wrong answer. We present to the Chirality Forum a discussion on what can be called good computational practice in running TDDFT ECD calculations, highlighting the most crucial points with several examples from the recent literature. Chirality 28:466–474, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genomic DNA Isolation from Maize (Zea mays) Leaves Using a Simple, High‐Throughput Protocol
Authors: Leach Kristen A. , McSteen Paula C. , Braun David M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA simple, robust, inexpensive, high‐throughput method for isolating genomic DNA from maize (Zea mays) leaf tissues is described. The DNA obtained using this extraction protocol is suitable for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping, which can be employed for the identification of alleles in diverse genetic and breeding approaches, such as marker‐assisted selection, genetic fine mapping, and mutant introgression. This method utilizes 96‐well plates for the collection of leaf tissue and the subsequent isolation of genomic DNA. The DNA isolation step is performed inexpensively within 3 hr and uses a urea‐based extraction buffer that does not require an organic extraction step. Yields of genomic DNA are sufficient to perform ∼25 PCR‐genotyping reactions per sample. These qualities, coupled with the protocol being robust and easy for inexperienced users to master, make this method ideal for new researchers. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Artificial Chromosome Preparation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Murata Minoru 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn Arabidopsis thaliana, various attempts have been made to create artificial chromosomes as a new tool for cytological and genetic analyses. However, most of the efforts have been unsuccessful until recently. Most eukaryotic chromosomes are linear, and therefore the Arabidopsis artificial chromosomes have also been designed to be linear and to carry the telomere structure at both ends. In contrast, circular artificial chromosomes were successfully created by the Cre/LoxP system combined with Ac/Ds transposon system, on the basis of the discovery that ring minichromosomes are relatively stable and transmissible to the next generations in A. thaliana. Because ring minichromosomes ∼1 to 6 Mb in size have been generated, in this article, the protocol for inducing large chromosomal rearrangements resulting in ring chromosome formation is described. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genetic structure of Micromeria (Lamiaceae) in Tenerife, the imprint of geological history and hybridization on within‐island diversification
Authors: Puppo Pamela , Curto Manuel , Meimberg Harald 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGeological history of oceanic islands can have a profound effect on the evolutionary history of insular flora, especially in complex islands such as Tenerife in the Canary Islands. Tenerife results from the secondary connection of three paleo‐islands by a central volcano, and other geological events that further shaped it. This geological history has been shown to influence the phylogenetic history of several taxa, including genus Micromeria (Lamiaceae). Screening 15 microsatellite markers in 289 individuals representing the eight species of Micromeria present in Tenerife, this study aims to assess the genetic diversity and structure of these species and its relation with the geological events on the island. In addition, we evaluate the extent of hybridization among species and discuss its influence on the speciation process. We found that the species restricted to the paleo‐islands present lower levels of genetic diversity but the highest levels of genetic differentiation suggesting that their ranges might have contracted over time. The two most widespread species in the island, M. hyssopifolia and M. varia, present the highest genetic diversity levels and a genetic structure that seems correlated with the geological composition of the island. Samples from M. hyssopifolia from the oldest paleo‐island, Adeje, appear as distinct while samples from M. varia segregate into two main clusters corresponding to the paleo‐islands of Anaga and Teno. Evidence of hybridization and intraspecific migration between species was found. We argue that species boundaries would be retained despite hybridization in response to the habitat's specific conditions causing postzygotic isolation and preserving morphological differentiation.
Intrasexual competition underlies sexual selection on male breeding coloration in the orangethroat darter, Etheostoma spectabile
Authors: Zhou Muchu , Fuller Rebecca C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractElaborate, sexually dimorphic traits are widely thought to evolve under sexual selection through female preference, male–male competition, or both. The orangethroat darter (Etheostoma spectabile) is a sexually dichromatic fish in which females exhibit no preferences for male size or coloration. We tested whether these traits affect individual reproductive success in E. spectabile when multiple males are allowed to freely compete for a female. The quality and quantity of male coloration were associated with greater success in maintaining access to the female and in spawning as the primary male (first male to participate). On the other hand, sneaking behavior showed little correlation with coloration. Male breeding coloration in E. spectabile may therefore demonstrate how intrasexual competition can be a predominant factor underlying the evolution of male ornaments.
Analyzing the landscape characteristics promoting the establishment and spread of gorse (Ulex europaeus) along roadsides
Authors: León Cordero R. , Torchelsen F. P. , Overbeck G. E. , Anand M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe International Union for Conservation of Nature listed gorse (Ulex europaeus, Fabaceae), a heliophilous evergreen shrub, as one of the world's 100 worst invasive species. Over the years, multiple attempts have been made for controlling gorse, including biological methods, but they have not been fully successful. This study aims to investigate some aspects that still remain unexplored such as the relationship between anthropogenic disturbances with the spatial mechanisms of species spread. We aimed to fill this gap by analyzing the role of transportation network configurations and landscape context on gorse propagation. We surveyed the presence of gorse in southern Brazilian forest‐grassland mosaics by completing landscape‐level road transects coupled with remote sensing, to evaluate land use and landscape structure. A binary logistic regression model was performed to test the influence of independent variables (e.g., road orientation, type and category in addition to distance to the nearest habitat patch of forest, grassland and anthropogenic area) on gorse occurrence. Our results showed that the structure of road networks can facilitate the spread of heliophilous taxa like gorse. Specifically, local, paved, NWSE and NS‐oriented (which exhibited high light exposure) roads had the highest probability of finding gorse. This suggests that human transportation activity (traffic, road construction, and maintenance) constitutes a significant dispersal agent for the species. In addition, the landscape matrix context also played a significant role; gorse was most prevalent along roadsides close to urban or agricultural areas than to forests and grasslands. No area was completely free from disturbances, such as fire, livestock grazing, and silviculture, in these seminatural landscapes. We concluded that, disturbances affecting small‐scale processes, at roadside and adjacent habitat patches, were probably as important factors explaining gorse occurrence as the urban impact. Furthermore, the current work also emphasizes the need of understanding the complexity of interacting factors. Our work has important implications for ecosystem conservation and habitat management, and consequently should be considered a prior step in establishing new approaches for gorse control.
Estimating the historic size and current status of the Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) population
Authors: Bevan E. , Wibbels T. , Najera B. M. Z. , Sarti L. , Martinez F. I. , Cuevas J. M. , Gallaway B. J. , Pena L. J. , Burchfield P. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study is a quantitative evaluation of historic nesting levels of the Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) in 1947 based on (1) the Herrera film of a 1947 arribada, (2) Hildebrand's 1947 report regarding the 1947 arribada shown in the Herrera film, (3) historic documentation regarding the Herrera film, and (4) current nesting characteristics related to arribada size relative to total nests for a season. Using this information in a quantitative approach, we estimate a total of approximately 26 916 nests during the 1947 arribada recorded by Herrera. Based on current nesting trends, we also predict that this would equate to approximately 121 517 total nests for the 1947 season (range of 82 514–209 953), which would represent approximately 48 607 nesting females (range of 33 006–83 981). This suggests that during and prior to the 1947 nesting season a relatively robust population of Kemp's ridleys existed, which could support arribadas consisting of at least 26 916 females. The results of the current study indicate that from 1947 through 1985 (the lowest point in the decline of Kemp's ridley nesting) the Kemp's ridley population underwent a 99.4% decline (range of 99.2–99.7%) from an estimated 121 517 nests per season in 1947 to 702 nests per season in 1985. Although the Kemp's ridley population has been recovering since the 1985 season, it has deviated from its exponential recovery rate and has declined in recent years. The current levels of nesting (12 053 nests in 2014) are still relatively low at 9.9% (range of 5.7–14.6%) of the total estimated nests that occurred in 1947. It is currently not clear whether this population will recover to historic levels considering recent nesting trends and due to a variety of threats that may hinder its recovery.