bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additively patterned ferroelectric thin films with vertical sidewalls
Authors: Welsh Aaron J. , Dezest Denis , Nicu Liviu , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe functional properties of electroceramic thin films can be degraded by subtractive patterning techniques used for microelectromechanical (MEMS) applications. This work explores an alternative deposition technique, where lead zirconate titanate (PZT) liquid precursors are printed onto substrates in a desired geometry from stamp wells (rather than stamp protrusions). Printing from wells significantly increased sidewall angles (from ~1 to >35 degrees) relative to printing solutions from stamp protrusions. Arrays of PZT features were printed, characterized, and compared to continuous PZT thin films of similar thickness. Three‐hundred‐nanometer‐thick printed PZT features exhibit a permittivity of 730 and a loss tangent of 0.022. The features showed remanent polarizations of 26 μC/cm2, and coercive fields of 95 kV/cm. The piezoelectric response of the features produced an e31,f of −5.2 C/m2. This technique was also used to print directly atop prepatterned substrates. Optimization of printing parameters yielded patterned films with 90° sidewalls. Lateral feature sizes ranged from hundreds of micrometers down to one micrometer. In addition, several device designs were prepatterned onto silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers (Si/SiO2/Si with thicknesses of 0.35/1/500 μm). The top patterned silicon was released from the underlying material, and PZT was directly printed and crystallized on the free‐standing structures.
A self‐repairing cermet anode: Preparation and corrosion behavior of (Cu–Ni–Fe)/NiFe2O4 cermet with synergistic action
Authors: Yang Wen‐jie , Guo Jie , Li Jing , Zhang Gang , He Liu‐qing , Zhou Ke‐chao 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the cermet (Cu–Ni–Fe)/(NiFe2O4–10NiO) anodes were prepared through the powder metallurgy method, followed by being evaluated in the bench scale (200 A) electrolysis tests for more than 1000 hour. The results showed that the as‐prepared anodes exhibited excellent corrosion resistance with corrosion rate less than 0.99 cm/a, which satisfied the requirements of the aluminum industry. The analysis results were confirmed by SEM, EDS, and XRD. The results showed that the outstanding corrosion resistance of the anodes relied on a continuous and dense NiFe2O4 film formed on the surface of the anode material, which protected the inner structure of anode material during electrolysis. Finally, a model based on the synergistic action between the metal phase and the ceramic phase was built to illustrate the forming mechanism of the NiFe2O4 passivating film.
Significantly enhanced energy‐storage density in the strontium barium niobate‐based/titanate‐based glass‐ceramics
Authors: Liu Jinhua , Wang Haitao , Shen Bo , Zhai Jiwei , Li Peng , Pan Zhongbin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTwo‐step crystallization process was employed to improve microstructure and energy‐storage density of the strontium barium niobate‐based/titanate‐based glass‐ceramics. By using two‐step crystallization process, the optimum nucleation temperature was obtained to improve dielectric breakdown strength. Compared to the breakdown strength by one‐step crystallization process, the breakdown strength by two‐step crystallization process is increased about 1.89 times with the optimum nucleation temperature. Energy‐storage density of 7.73 ± 0.26 J/cm3 is significantly improved by two‐step crystallization process and is about 2.9 times of 2.63 ± 0.17 J/cm3 by one‐step crystallization process. This result is attributed to the homogeneous nucleation improving the microstructures of glass‐ceramics. Identification and quantification of crystalline phases by using Rietveld refinement reveals the difference of dielectric constants for one‐step and two‐step crystallization processes.
Biogeography of the Neotropical genus Malacoptila (Aves: Bucconidae): the influence of the Andean orogeny, Amazonian drainage evolution and palaeoclimate
Authors: Ferreira Mateus , Aleixo Alexandre , Ribas Camila Cherem , Santos Marcos Pérsio Dantas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimTo uncover geographical and temporal patterns of diversification in the puffbird genus Malacoptila, focusing on the influence of landscape and palaeoclimate evolution as drivers of diversification.LocationNeotropical, with an emphasis on the Amazon basin.MethodsWe sequenced eight mtDNA and nuclear gene regions of 176 individuals belonging to seven of the eight recognized Malacoptila species. Concatenated and time calibrated coalescent multi‐locus phylogenies, along with a Bayesian species delimitation analysis, were performed for the genus. Phylogeographical and historical demography patterns were reconstructed for the Amazonian species. Ancestral ranges estimation was performed in BioGeoBEARS.ResultsOur analysis recovered 23 reciprocally monophyletic lineages within Malacoptila. All currently recognized species were recovered as monophyletic. With the exception of M. semicincta, all species presented some level of intraspecific phylogeographical structure, varying up to 10 reciprocally monophyletic phylogroups (M. rufa). The distributions of these lineages are generally coincident with known Neotropical areas of endemism (AE).Main ConclusionOur results corroborate the influence of Andean uplift and the Plio‐Pleistocene establishment of the current drainage system in Amazonia as likely drivers of diversification. The spatially structured genetic diversity that exists within Malacoptila is underestimated by current taxonomy and provides another example of widespread cryptic avian endemism in the Neotropics.
Impact of disease duration and cardiovascular dysautonomia on hypertension in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Vetrano Davide L. , Pisciotta Maria S. , Brandi Vincenzo , Lo Monaco Maria R. , Laudisio Alice , Onder Graziano , Fusco Domenico , L′Angiocola Paolo D. , Bentivoglio Anna R. , Bernabei Roberto , Zuccalà Giuseppe 
Published: November 2016

The authors evaluated the association of Parkinson’s disease (PD) duration with hypertension, assessed by office measurements and 24‐hour (ambulatory) monitoring, in 167 patients. Hypertension was evaluated through both office and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurements. Among participants (mean age 73.4±7.6 years; 35% women), the prevalence of hypertension was 60% and 69% according to office and ambulatory BP measurements, respectively (Cohen's k=0.61; P<.001). PD duration was inversely associated with hypertension as diagnosed by office measurements (odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86–0.98) but not by ambulatory monitoring (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.81–1.01). Ambulatory BP patterns showed higher nocturnal BP among patients with long‐lasting disease. In conclusion, ambulatory BP monitoring improves the detection of hypertension by 15% in PD, compared with office evaluation. The likelihood of having hypertension does not decrease during the PD course; rather, BP pattern shifts towards nocturnal hypertension.
Executive functioning and local‐global visual processing: candidate endophenotypes for autism spectrum disorder?
Authors: Van Eylen Lien , Boets Bart , Cosemans Nele , Peeters Hilde , Steyaert Jean , Wagemans Johan , Noens Ilse 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundHeterogeneity within autism spectrum disorder (ASD) hampers insight in the etiology and stimulates the search for endophenotypes. Endophenotypes should meet several criteria, the most important being the association with ASD and the higher occurrence rate in unaffected ASD relatives than in the general population. We evaluated these criteria for executive functioning (EF) and local‐global (L‐G) visual processing.MethodsBy administering an extensive cognitive battery which increases the validity of the measures, we examined which of the cognitive anomalies shown by ASD probands also occur in their unaffected relatives (n = 113) compared to typically developing (TD) controls (n = 100). Microarrays were performed, so we could exclude relatives from probands with a de novo mutation in a known ASD susceptibility copy number variant, thus increasing the probability that genetic risk variants are shared by the ASD relatives. An overview of studies investigating EF and L‐G processing in ASD relatives was also provided.ResultsFor EF, ASD relatives – like ASD probands – showed impairments in response inhibition, cognitive flexibility and generativity (specifically, ideational fluency), and EF impairments in daily life. For L‐G visual processing, the ASD relatives showed no anomalies on the tasks, but they reported more attention to detail in daily life. Group differences were similar for siblings and for parents of ASD probands, and yielded larger effect sizes in a multiplex subsample. The group effect sizes for the comparison between ASD probands and TD individuals were generally larger than those of the ASD relatives compared to TD individuals.ConclusionsImpaired cognitive flexibility, ideational fluency and response inhibition are strong candidate endophenotypes for ASD. They could help to delineate etiologically more homogeneous subgroups, which is clinically important to allow assigning ASD probands to different, more targeted, interventions.
Effects of two commercial diets and technical feed treatment on stomach lesions and immune system of fattening pigs
Authors: Liermann W. , Berk A. , Frahm J. , Böschen V. , Dänicke S. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe impact of technical feed treatment and diet on stomach lesions and traits of the local and systemic immune system were investigated in fattening pigs. Feeding groups differed in technical feed treatment (standard ground meal vs. finely ground and pelleted feed) and diet (soya bean meal vs. rapeseed meal/DDGS/soya beans). Pigs were fattened approximately 10 weeks by ad libitum feeding and slaughtered subsequently. Gastric alterations were assessed by a macroscopic scoring system [macroscopic stomach score (MSC) 0 = normal to 4 = severe lesions]. For immunological investigations, lymphocytes from blood and jejunal tissues were isolated. T‐cell phenotyping was carried out by staining intestinal lymphocytes with monoclonal antibodies for CD4 and CD8 and flow cytometric measurements. MSC was higher in animals fed finely ground and pelleted feed compared with their counterparts. Significant interactions between diet and feed treatment considering the MSC were observed (p = 0.027). There was no effect of diet or technical feed treatment on T cells of blood, Lymphonodi gastrici or lamina propria (LP) and intraepithelial cells. However, technical feed treatment significantly affected subsets of CD4+, CD8+, CD8low, CD4/CD8 double‐positive T cells, the mean fluorescence intensity of CD4+ T cells and the ratio of CD8low/CD8high T cells in Peyer's patches (PP). All named parameters were reduced in PP of animals fed finely ground and pelleted feed compared with animals fed standard ground meal. Furthermore, significant differences between T cells of lymph nodes and LP were observed between animals with middle MSC (MSC = 1–2.5) and animals with high MSC (MSC = 3–4). Significant alterations in T cells of PP were observed between animals of low (MSC = 0–0.5) and high MSC. The observed effects provide the evidence that the impact of technical feed treatment is not limited on the stomach lesions. Possible stimuli and consequences of the immune system should be studied in more detail.
Effect of Dietary Lipid Level and Feeding Frequency on the Growth, Feed Utilization, and Body Composition of Juvenile Spotted Seabass, Lateolabrax maculatus
Authors: Rahman Md Mostafizur , Lee Sang‐Min 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA 6‐wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary lipid levels and feeding frequencies on the growth performance, feed utilization, and body composition of juvenile spotted seabass, Lateolabrax maculatus. Two experimental diets were prepared with two different dietary lipid contents, low lipid (7%; LL) and high lipid (14%; HL). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (5.5 ± 0.01 g) to apparent satiation at three meals per day, two meals per day, one meal per day, and one meal every 2 d, respectively, for 6 wk. Fish growth performance in terms of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly affected by frequency of feeding, with increasing values as feeding frequency increased up to twice daily, regardless of dietary lipid content. In addition, fish fed the diet with the HL level (14%) showed significantly higher WG and SGR than those fed the LL diet (7%) at all the feeding frequencies tested. Feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were affected by both dietary lipid level and feeding frequency. FE and PER values were significantly higher in fish fed the HL diet and/or when fish were fed twice or thrice a day. However, daily feed intake and daily energy intake were significantly affected only by feeding frequency and were significantly reduced when the fish were fed only once every 2 d compared with those fed more frequently. Whole‐body moisture content of fish tended to decrease with increasing dietary lipid level and frequency of feeding. In contrast, whole‐body lipid content increased in fish as dietary lipid level and feeding frequency increased. Consequently, we can conclude that feeding spotted seabass twice daily to apparent satiation is acceptable and sufficient to achieve good growth and FE, as fish performance was not significantly enhanced when feeding was increased from two to three times daily.
Hypoderma actaeon: an emerging myiasis in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Authors: PANADERO R. , VARAS G. , PAJARES G. , MARKINA F. , LÓPEZ C. , DÍAZ P. , PÉREZ‐CREO A. , PRIETO A. , DÍEZ‐BAÑOS P. , MORRONDO P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSubcutaneous larvae of Hypoderma spp. (Diptera: Oestridae) were detected in the dorsal region in 10 roe deer, Capreolus capreolus (Artiodactyla: Cervidae), hunted in central Spain between January and March 2016. All larvae were found in the inner side of the hide during the skinning of the animals. The study of the morphological features of eight larvae of different stages collected from two animals allowed the identification of Hypoderma actaeon Brauer. The small size (4–5 mm) of some of the first instars suggests that the internal lifecycle of H. actaeon may be exclusively subcutaneous. This is the first confirmation of H. actaeon in roe deer; however, further studies to assess the spread of the parasite and to follow the evolution of this myiasis in roe deer are needed.
Issues and challenges of curriculum reform to competency‐based curricula in Africa: A meta‐synthesis
Authors: Muraraneza Claudine , Mtshali Ntombifikile Gloria , Mukamana Donatilla 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlthough in recent decades reforms to undergraduate nursing and midwifery education have increasingly been guided by the concept of competency‐based curriculum in a drive to produce competent graduates in the African context, the topic remains poorly researched in‐depth. The related issues and challenges need to be explored in the interest of evidence‐based practice. This article stems from a systematic review of qualitative literature on the design and implementation of competency‐based curriculum. Data was inductively analyzed using constant comparison. The two categories that emerged were: (i) the need for a paradigm shift to competency‐based curriculum; and (ii) the associated issues and challenges, such as a shift from informative to transformative learning, lack or limited of involvement of key stakeholders in curriculum development, focus on hospital‐oriented education, lack of preparation of educators, and inappropriate resources. While ongoing reform of nursing and midwifery education continues, much still needs to be done – in particular, extensive financial investment to increase the capacity of educators, mentors and infrastructure, and the development of collaborative frameworks between nursing and midwifery and higher educational councils.
Estimation of the Population Size by Using the One-Inflated Positive Poisson Model
Authors: Godwin Ryan T. , Böhning Dankmar 
Published: November 2016

SummaryIn population size estimation, many capture–recapture-type data exhibit a preponderance of ‘1’-counts. This excess of 1s can arise as subjects gain information from the initial capture that provides a desire and ability to avoid subsequent captures. Existing population size estimators that purport to deal with heterogeneity can be much too large in the presence of 1-inflation, which is a specific form of heterogeneity. To deal with the phenomena of excess 1s, we propose the one-inflated positive Poisson model for use as the truncated count distribution in Horvitz–Thompson estimation of the population size.
Structural and functional 3D mapping of skin tumours with non‐invasive multispectral optoacoustic tomography
Authors: Chuah S. Y. , Attia A. B. E. , Long V. , Ho C. J. H. , Malempati P. , Fu C. Y. , Ford S. J. , Lee J. S. S. , Tan W. P. , Razansky D. , Olivo M. , Thng S. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundRecent advances in technology have enabled the development of various non‐invasive skin imaging tools to aid real‐time diagnosis of both benign and malignant skin tumours, minimizing the need for invasive skin biopsy. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) is a recently developed non‐invasive imaging tool, which offers the unique capacity for high resolution three dimensional (3D) optical mapping of tissue by further delivering highly specific optical contrast from a depth of several millimetres to centimetres in living tissues. MSOT enables volumetric, spectroscopic differentiation of tissue, both in vivo and in real time, with and without the application of biomarker‐specific probes, and is further able of providing spatial maps of skin chromophores, as well as underlying blood vasculature.MethodsThree patients with suspicious skin tumours consented to have their lesions imaged with MSOT prior to excision. The histological findings and measurements were compared.ResultsWe demonstrated the first in vivo clinical use of MSOT for 3D reconstruction of skin tumours in three patients with good histological correlation.ConclusionOur findings confirm the potential benefit of the new imaging method in guiding surgical intervention to achieve a more precise excision with better clearance and lower relapse rates. It can also potentially help to shorten the duration of Mohs’ micrographic surgery. Further large‐scale studies are necessary to ensure correlation between MSOT and histology.
Reference intervals for biochemical blood variables, packed cell volume, and body temperature in pet rats (Rattus norvegicus) using point‐of‐care testing
Authors: Houtmeyers Anneleen , Duchateau Luc , Grünewald Bettina , Hermans Katleen 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundRats (Rattus norvegicus) are increasingly kept as pets, thus more and more requiring veterinary care. Important differences exist between pet and laboratory rats, but little information is available on pet rats. Diagnosis and treatment of pet rat diseases would benefit from RIs specific for this animal population.ObjectivesThe aim was to establish RIs for biochemical blood variables, PCV, and body temperature in pet rats. Additionally, influences of sex and feed rationing method (ad libitum, restricted) on these variables were determined.MethodsAmerican Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) recommendations were followed. Biochemical variables were measured using an automated chemistry analyzer, the VetScan VS2. Nonparametric statistical methods were used to determine RIs and effects of sex and feed rationing method.ResultsReference intervals were established using values of 123 clinically healthy pet rats (except for globulins and albumin/globulin ratio, n = 120) and were: glucose 6.6–13.7 mmol/L, total proteins 66–88 g/L, albumin ≥ 38 g/L, globulins 12–35 g/L, albumin/globulin ratio 1.0–4.7, urea nitrogen 2.5–6.6 mmol/L, creatinine ≤ 53 μmol/L, total bilirubin 4–7 μmol/L, ALP 40–442 IU/L, ALT 22–137 IU/L, amylase 502–1113 IU/L, sodium 133–144 mmol/L, potassium 3.6–5.3 mmol/L, calcium 9.5–10.9 mg/dL, phosphorus 2.3–7.0 mg/dL, PCV 40–50%, and body temperature 35.8–39.3°C. Sex significantly affected 10 variables. No significant influence was found with feed limitationConclusionsReference intervals reported in this study will be useful for interpretation of biochemistry analysis in pet rats and therefore improve pet rat medicine.
IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—RADIOGRAPHY AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF RADIOULNAR ISCHEMIC NECROSIS IN A JACK RUSSELL TERRIER
Authors: Schmid Lisbeth , Klang Andrea , Katic Nikola , Ansón Agustina , Gumpenberger Michaela , Kneissl Sibylle 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA 7‐year‐old Jack Russell Terrier with a history of minor trauma was presented for lameness of the left forelimb. Radiography and computed tomography demonstrated a localized radioulnar osteolytic lesion with cortical bone loss and enthesiophytes. Based on results of diagnostic imaging and histopathological examination, the final diagnosis was radioulnar ischemic necrosis (RUIN), complicated by pathologic fracture. A rare disorder of unknown etiology, RUIN may be secondary to tearing of the interosseous ligament and potential ischemia. It should be differentiated from neoplastic or fungal disease. To the authors´ knowledge, this is the first canine case report describing RUIN.
Outcome of Tibial Closing Wedge Osteotomy in 55 Cranial Cruciate Ligament‐Deficient Stifles of Small Dogs (<15 kg)
Authors: Campbell Kathryn A. , Payne John T. , Doornink Michael T. , Haggerty Jamie 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo describe the outcome of cranial closing wedge osteotomy (CWO) of the tibia for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)‐deficient stifles in dogs with a body weight of <15 kg.Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsForty‐five client‐owned dogs (n=55 stifles).MethodsMedical records (2005–2014), radiographs, and owner questionnaire were used to identify the surgical procedure performed, associated complications and outcome in 45 dogs undergoing CWO in 55 stifles.ResultsData for 55 stifles from 45 dogs were included. Bichon Frise was the most frequent dog breed (n=11). Mean pre‐ and postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA) were 36.3° (95% CI 35.1–37.5) and 7.5° (95% CI 6.7–8.2), respectively. Pin and tension bands were placed in 38/55 stifles (69%). The most frequent complication at short‐term follow‐up (2 weeks) was incisional complications in 8 stifles; all resolved with systemic antibiotic administration alone. Data were available for all stifles at 8 week follow‐up with an overall complication occurrence in 16/55 stifles (28%); 1 dog required revision surgery. Tibial osteotomy healing was evident on radiographs at 8 weeks postoperative in 53 stifles (96%), considered complete in 27 stifles, and good in 26 stifles. Follow‐up owner questionnaire was available for 36 dogs at a mean of 24 months and 34/36 owners (94%) were satisfied with the procedure and considered their dog had a good quality of life with minimal long‐term complications.ConclusionDogs with a body weight <15 kg undergoing CWO for treatment of a CrCL‐deficient stifle had a good outcome based on clinical status, radiographic evaluation, and owner questionnaire.