bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Selenium and Arsenic Ions in Edible Mushroom Samples by Novel Chloride–Oxalic Acid Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction Using Graphite Furnace-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Zounr Rizwan Ali , Tuzen Mustafa , Khuhawar Muhammad Yar 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In present study, we proposed the application of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) made up of choline chloride (ChCl) and oxalic acid (Ox) for the dissolution of different edible mushroom samples for the determination of selenium (Se) and arsenic (As) ions. Therefore, an innovative, green, novel, and inexpensive method based on ChCl–Ox as the DES was developed for the determination of Se and As ions in mushroom species by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry. The important analytical parameters were also optimized. The LODs for Se and As ions were found to be 0.32 and 0.50 µg/L, respectively. The LOQs for Se and As ions were found to be 1.06 and 1.65 µg/L, respectively. The RSD was observed to be less than 5% for both analyte ions. The accuracy of the developed method was confirmed by analyzing mushroom powder Certified Reference Material CS-M-3 (Boletus edulis). The developed technique was effectively useful for the determination of Se and As ions in different species of mushroom samples from Turkey.
Simultaneous Determination of Arsenic, Cadmium, Calcium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Lead, Magnesium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Selenium, and Zinc in Fertilizers by Microwave Acid Digestion and Argon Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry Detection: Single-Laboratory
Validation, First Action 2017.02
Authors: Webb Sharon F 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A single-laboratory validation method for the simultaneous determination of nutrient and non-nutrient metals in commercial fertilizers was reviewed by the AOAC Expert Review Panel (ERP) and Stakeholder Panel for Fertilizers at the 2017 midyear AOAC INTERNATIONAL meeting. In addition to using 15 of the original 30 fertilizer materials from the previous Method 2006.03 collaborative study, NIST Standard Certified Reference Material 695 and Magruder check sample 2009-06 were also incorporated as accuracy, recovery, and repeatability materials. Method 2017.02 is suitable for the simultaneous determination of arsenic, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc in all major types of commercial fertilizer products by microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy analysis. With recoveries ranging from 92.8 to 103.2% for analytes above the LOQs, improved RSDs, and enhanced efficiency as compared with the previous method, Method 2006.03, the ERP recommended this method for First Action Official MethodsSM Status.
Research on Enhancing Heavy Oil Recovery Mechanism of Flue Gas Assisted Steam Flooding
Authors: Wang Zhuangzhuang , Li Zhaomin , Lu Teng , Yuan Qingwang , Yang Jianping , Wang Hongyuan , Wang Shizhong 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Flue gas is industrial waste gas produced by the burning of fossil fuels. Its main compositions are 10% - 15% of carbon dioxide and 80% - 85% of the nitrogen, two key components needed for gas flooding. Adding a certain amount of flue gas into steam in displacement could decrease steam partial pressure, improve the steam quality and reduce heat loss, resulting in reduction of steam injection amount and improvement of development performance. The objective of the research is to investigate the mechanism of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) of flue gas assisted steam flooding which has a dual significance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving oil displacement efficiency.
In this paper, PVT measurements at high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) were firstly conducted to analyze the effect of flue gas on property of heavy oil. Then sandpack displacement experiments containing 5 sub-experiments: steam flooding, flue gas assisted steam flooding, first steam flooding then flue gas assisted steam flooding, water flooding, flue gas assisted water flooding, were operated to compare the contribution of heat and gas on recovery. In the experiment of flue gas assisted steam flooding, the production rate and composition of gas were measured and analyzed, and the form of the produced oil was also compared with steam flooding.
The PVT measurements results show that with flue gas dissolved, viscosity of heavy oil declines and volume expands. The solubility of flue gas in heavy oil decreases with temperature and increases with pressure. The greater the solubility of flue gas, the lower viscosity of heavy oil, the larger volume. At the same solubility, as the temperature increases, the viscosity reduction effect of flue gas weakens and the volume expansion effect enhances.
The displacement experiments results indicate that the addition of flue gas to steam can significantly improve oil displacement efficiency compared with steam injected alone. In the test of flue gas assisted steam flooding, the heavy oil was produced in the form of foamy oil because of dissolution of flue gas, especially CO2, which could expand oil volume and reduce the flow resistance of heavy oil to a certain extent. Besides, the cumulative volume of the produced gas was smaller than the injected gas, and in the produced gas the proportion of CO2 was less than the injected proportion. Furthermore, the contribution of flue gas to recovery when injected with steam is greater than with water because of the synergistic effect of heat and gas.
An Optimal Injection Scheme for Maximizing Oil Recovery in CO2 Miscible Flooding
Authors: Yuan Qingwang , Zhan Jie , Wang Jinjie , Zeng Fanhua , Knorr Kelvin D. , Imran Muhammad 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
As an efficient enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique, carbon dioxide (CO2) miscible flooding can greatly reduce the viscosity of oil and improve its mobility, and has great potential to achieve higher oil recovery. However, the disadvantage of CO2 flooding, when compared with waterflooding, is the relatively larger viscosity ratio between CO2 and oil. Under such unfavorable conditions, frontal instabilities, or viscous fingering, can easily develop. This may affect the performance of CO2 miscible flooding and result in less sweep efficiency and oil recovery.
In the present study, nonlinear numerical simulations were conducted to model the CO2 miscible flooding in subsurface porous media. Both concentration-dependent diffusion and a varying dispersion that is closely related with flow rates were incorporated into the mathematical model. The development of frontal instabilities with time was simulated with highly accurate numerical methods. More importantly, to reduce the unstable displacement and improve sweep efficiency, a time-dependent injection rate involving periodic alternation of injection and extraction was employed. Different from the widely used constant injection rate, this time-dependent displacement rate led to different flow dynamics and sweep efficiency, although the amount of CO2 injected was the same. In particular, the effect of a cycle period on the propagation of CO2 was carefully examined. It was found that a longer period led to earlier breakthrough of CO2 and less sweep efficiency. However, a shorter period with faster alternation of injection and extraction had a stabilizing effect. In particular, a later breakthrough was achieved and higher sweep efficiency at breakthrough was obtained compared with that of a constant injection rate. This indicates that pulsed displacement through fast switching of injection and extraction has the potential to maximize oil recovery in CO2 miscible flooding.

Introduction
Miscible flooding is proven as an economical EOR process and can be used for a variety of different reservoirs. In CO2 miscible flooding, one of the most promising EOR techniques, the CO2 can become miscible with the oil when the pressure is higher than the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP).
A Comparison Between Two Anionic Surfactants for Mobility Control of Super Critical CO2 in Foam-Assisted Miscible EOR
Authors: Almobarky Mohammed A. , AlYousef Zuhair , Schechter David 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) flooding is one of the most globally used EOR processes to enhance the oil recovery. However, the low gas viscosity and density result in gas channeling and gravity override which lead to poor sweep efficiency. Foam application for mobility control is a promising technology to increase the gas viscosity which leads to lower mobility and better sweep efficiency inside the reservoir. Foam is generated inside the reservoir by co-injection surfactant and gas. Although there are many surfactants that can be used for such purpose, their performance with Supercritical CO2 (ScCO2) is weak which leads to poor or loss of mobility control. This experimental study evaluates a newly developed surfactant (CNF) that was introduced for ScCO2mobility control in comparison with a common foaming agent, anionic Alpha Olefin Sulfonate (AOS) surfactant. Experimental work was divided into three stages: foam static tests, interfacial tension measurements, and foam dynamic tests. Both surfactants were investigated at different conditions. In general, results showed that both surfactants are good foaming agents to reduce the mobility of ScCO2 with better performance of CNF surfactant. Shaking tests in presence of crude oil showed that foam life for CNF extends to more than 24-hr but less than that for AOS. Moreover, CNF features lower CMC, higher adsorption and smaller area/molecule at the liquid-air interface. Furthermore, entering, spreading, and bridging coefficients interpretations indicated that CNF surfactant produces very stable foam with light crude oil in both DI and saline water, whereas AOS was stable only in DI water. At all conditions for mobility reduction evaluation, CNF exhibited stronger flow resistance, higher foam viscosity, and higher mobility reduction factor than that of AOS surfactant. In addition, CNF and ScCO2 simultaneous injection produced 8.83% higher oil recovery than that of the baseline experiment and 7.87% higher than that of AOS. Pressure drop profiles for foam flooding using CNF was slightly higher than that of AOS indicating that CNF is better in terms of foam-oil tolerance which resulted in higher oil recovery.
Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐O isotope geochemistry of the Ertaibei pluton, East Junggar, NWChina: Implications for development of a crustal‐scale granitoid pluton and crustal growth
Authors: Tang Gong‐Jian , Wang Qiang , Zhang Chunfu , Wyman Derek A. , Dan Wei , Xia Xiao‐Ping , Chen Hong‐Yi , Zhao Zhen‐Hua 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo better understand the compositional diversity of plutonic complexes and crustal growth of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), we conducted an integrated study of the Ertaibei pluton, which obtained geochronological, petrological, geochemical, and isotopic (including whole rock Sr‐Nd, in situ zircon Hf‐O) data. The pluton (ca. 300 Ma) is composed of granodiorites that contain mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs), dolerite dikes, and granite dikes containing quartz‐tourmaline orbicules. The dolerite dikes were possibly generated by melting of an asthenospheric mantle source, with discrete assimilation of lower crustal components in the MASH (melting, assimilation, storage, and homogenization) zone. The MMEs originated from hybridization between mantle and crust‐derived magmas, which spanned a range of melting depths (∼25–30 km) in the MASH zone and were episodically tapped. Melting of the basaltic lower crust in the core of the MASH zone generated magmas to form the granodiorites. The granite dikes originated from melting of an arc‐derived volcanogenic sedimentary source with a minor underplated basaltic source in the roof of the MASH zone (∼25 km). The compositional diversity reflects both the magma sources and the degree of maturation of the MASH zone. Although having mantle‐like radiogenic isotope compositions, the Ertaibei and other postcollisional granitoids show high zircon δ18O values (mostly between +6 and +9‰), indicating a negligible contribution to the CAOB crustal growth during the postcollisional period.
Fault‐magma interactions during early continental rifting: Seismicity of the Magadi‐Natron‐Manyara basins, Africa
Authors: Weinstein A. , Oliva S. J. , Ebinger C. J. , Roecker S. , Tiberi C. , Aman M. , Lambert C. , Witkin E. , Albaric J. , Gautier S. , Peyrat S. , Muirhead J. D. , Muzuka A. N. N. , Mulibo G. , Kianji G. , Ferdinand‐Wambura R. , Msabi M. , Rodzianko A. , Hadfield R. , Illsley‐Kemp F. , Fischer T. P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlthough magmatism may occur during the earliest stages of continental rifting, its role in strain accommodation remains weakly constrained by largely 2‐D studies. We analyze seismicity data from a 13 month, 39‐station broadband seismic array to determine the role of magma intrusion on state‐of‐stress and strain localization, and their along‐strike variations. Precise earthquake locations using cluster analyses and a new 3‐D velocity model reveal lower crustal earthquakes beneath the central basins and along projections of steep border faults that degas CO2. Seismicity forms several disks interpreted as sills at 6–10 km below a monogenetic cone field. The sills overlie a lower crustal magma chamber that may feed eruptions at Oldoinyo Lengai volcano. After determining a new ML scaling relation, we determine a b‐value of 0.87 ± 0.03. Focal mechanisms for 65 earthquakes, and 13 from a catalogue prior to our array reveal an along‐axis stress rotation of ∼60° in the magmatically active zone. New and prior mechanisms show predominantly normal slip along steep nodal planes, with extension directions ∼N90°E north and south of an active volcanic chain consistent with geodetic data, and ∼N150°E in the volcanic chain. The stress rotation facilitates strain transfer from border fault systems, the locus of early‐stage deformation, to the zone of magma intrusion in the central rift. Our seismic, structural, and geochemistry results indicate that frequent lower crustal earthquakes are promoted by elevated pore pressures from volatile degassing along border faults, and hydraulic fracture around the margins of magma bodies. Results indicate that earthquakes are largely driven by stress state around inflating magma bodies.
Net community production in the bottom of first‐year sea ice over the Arctic spring bloom
Authors: Campbell K. , Mundy C. J. , Gosselin M. , Landy J. C. , Delaforge A. , Rysgaard S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe balance of photosynthesis and respiration by organisms like algae and bacteria determines whether sea ice is net heterotrophic or autotrophic. In turn this clarifies the influence of microbes on atmosphere‐ice‐ocean gas fluxes and their contribution to the trophic system. In this study we define two phases of the spring bloom based on bottom ice net community production and algal growth. Phase I was characterized by limited algal accumulation and low productivity, which at times resulted in net heterotrophy. Greater productivity in Phase II drove rapid algal accumulation that consistently produced net autotrophic conditions. The different phases were associated with seasonal shifts in light availability and species dominance. Results from this study demonstrate the importance of community respiration on spring productivity, as respiration rates can maintain a heterotrophic state independent of algal growth. This challenges previous assumptions of a fully autotrophic sea ice community during the ice‐covered spring.
Oscillatory rheology measurements of particle‐ and bubble‐bearing fluids: Solid‐like behavior of a crystal‐rich basaltic magma
Authors: Namiki Atsuko , Tanaka Yukie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe rheology of crystal‐ and bubble‐bearing magmas governs the propagation of seismic waves as well as eruption dynamics. Here “rheology” includes viscous and elastic components and their ratio known as attenuation. We perform an oscillatory rheology measurements, which provide storage (elastic component) and loss (viscous component) moduli, and attenuation, with frequency dependence, using particle‐ and bubble‐bearing fluids whose liquid viscosity is in the range of that of a basaltic melt. We find that both the storage and loss moduli dramatically increase with the particle fraction but weakly depend on the bubble fraction. Solid‐like behavior, equivalent to attenuation < 1, appears in the high particle fraction regime ϕp>40 vol %. The shallow conduit of Stromboli volcano, filled by a crystal‐rich and low viscosity basaltic magma, may be an example, where shear waves propagate and brittle fractures occur to cause explosive eruptions because of its high crystallinity.
Modeling hydrologic controls on sulfur processes in sulfate‐impacted wetland and stream sediments
Authors: Ng G.‐H. C. , Yourd A. R. , Johnson N. W. , Myrbo A. E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecent studies show sulfur redox processes in terrestrial settings are more important than previously considered, but much remains uncertain about how these processes respond to dynamic hydrologic conditions in natural field settings. We used field observations from a sulfate‐impacted wetland and stream in the mining region of Minnesota (USA) to calibrate a reactive transport model and evaluate sulfur and coupled geochemical processes under contrasting hydrogeochemical scenarios. Simulations of different hydrological conditions showed that flux and chemistry differences between surface water and deeper groundwater strongly control hyporheic zone geochemical profiles. However, model results for the stream channel versus wetlands indicate sediment organic carbon content to be the more important driver of sulfate reduction rates. A complex nonlinear relationship between sulfate reduction rates and geochemical conditions is apparent from the model's higher sensitivity to sulfate concentrations in settings with higher organic content. Across all scenarios, simulated e− balance results unexpectedly showed that sulfate reduction dominates iron reduction, which is contrary to the traditional thermodynamic ladder but corroborates recent experimental findings by Hansel et al. (2015) that “cryptic” sulfur cycling could drive sulfate reduction in preference over iron reduction. Following the thermodynamic ladder, our models shows that high surface water sulfate slows methanogenesis in shallow sediments, but field observations suggest that sulfate reduction may not entirely suppress methane. Overall, our results show that sulfate reduction may serve as a major component making up and influencing terrestrial redox processes, with dynamic hyporheic fluxes controlling sulfate concentrations and reaction rates, especially in high organic content settings.
Clinical implementation and evaluation of the Acuros dose calculation algorithm
Authors: Yan Chenyu , Combine Anthony G , Bednarz Greg , Lalonde Ronald J , Hu Bin , Dickens Kathy , Wynn Raymond , Pavord Daniel C , Saiful Huq M 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeThe main aim of this study is to validate the AcurosXBdose calculation algorithm for a Varian ClinaciXlinac in our clinics, and subsequently compare it with the wildely usedAAAalgorithm.Methods and materialsThe source models for both AcurosXBandAAAwere configured by importing the same measured beam data into Eclipse treatment planning system. Both algorithms were validated by comparing calculated dose with measured dose on a homogeneous water phantom for field sizes ranging from 6 cm × 6 cm to 40 cm × 40 cm. Central axis and off‐axis points with different depths were chosen for the comparison. In addition, the accuracy of Acuros was evaluated for wedge fields with wedge angles from 15 to 60°. Similarly, variable field sizes for an inhomogeneous phantom were chosen to validate the Acuros algorithm. In addition, doses calculated by Acuros andAAAat the center of lung equivalent tissue from three differentVMATplans were compared to the ion chamber measured doses inQUASARphantom, and the calculated dose distributions by the two algorithms and their differences on patients were compared. Computation time onVMATplans was also evaluated for Acuros andAAA. Differences between dose‐to‐water (calculated byAAAand AcurosXB) and dose‐to‐medium (calculated by AcurosXB) on patient plans were compared and evaluated.ResultsFor open 6MVphoton beams on the homogeneous water phantom, both AcurosXBandAAAcalculations were within 1% of measurements. For 23MVphoton beams, the calculated doses were within 1.5% of measured doses for AcurosXBand 2% forAAA. Testing on the inhomogeneous phantom demonstrated thatAAAoverestimated doses by up to 8.96% at a point close to lung/solid water interface, while AcurosXBreduced that to 1.64%. The test onQUASARphantom showed that Acuros achieved better agreement in lung equivalent tissue whileAAAunderestimated dose for allVMATplans by up to 2.7%. AcurosXBcomputation time was about three times faster thanAAAforVMATplans, and computation time for other plans will be discussed at the end. Maximum difference between dose calculated byAAAand dose‐to‐medium by AcurosXB(Acuros_Dm,m) was 4.3% on patient plans at the isocenter, and maximum difference between D100calculated byAAAand by Acuros_Dm,mwas 11.3%. When calculating the maximum dose to spinal cord on patient plans, differences between dose calculated byAAAand Acuros_Dm,mwere more than 3%.ConclusionCompared withAAA, AcurosXBimproves accuracy in the presence of inhomogeneity, and also significantly reduces computation time forVMATplans. Dose differences betweenAAAand Acuros_Dw,mwere generally less than the dose differences betweenAAAand Acuros_Dm,m. Clinical practitioners should consider making AcurosXBavailable in clinics, however, further investigation and clarification is needed about which dose reporting mode (dose‐to‐water or dose‐to‐medium) should be used in clinics.
Tantalum Sulfide Nanosheets as a Theranostic Nanoplatform for Computed Tomography Imaging‐Guided Combinatorial Chemo‐Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Liu Yanlan , Ji Xiaoyuan , Liu Jianhua , Tong Winnie W. L. , Askhatova Diana , Shi Jinjun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR)‐absorbing metal‐based nanomaterials have shown tremendous potential for cancer therapy, given their facile and controllable synthesis, efficient photothermal conversion, capability of spatiotemporal‐controlled drug delivery, and intrinsic imaging function. Tantalum (Ta) is among the most biocompatible metals and arouses negligible adverse biological responses in either oxidized or reduced forms, and thus Ta‐derived nanomaterials represent promising candidates for biomedical applications. However, Ta‐based nanomaterials by themselves have not been explored for NIR‐mediated photothermal ablation therapy. In this work, an innovative Ta‐based multifunctional nanoplatform composed of biocompatible tantalum sulfide (TaS2) nanosheets (NSs) is reported for simultaneous NIR hyperthermia, drug delivery, and computed tomography (CT) imaging. The TaS2 NSs exhibit multiple unique features including (i) efficient NIR light‐to‐heat conversion with a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 39%, (ii) high drug loading (177% by weight), (iii) controlled drug release triggered by NIR light and moderate acidic pH, (iv) high tumor accumulation via heat‐enhanced tumor vascular permeability, (v) complete tumor ablation and negligible side effects, and (vi) comparable CT imaging contrast efficiency to the widely clinically used agent iobitridol. It is expected that this multifunctional NS platform can serve as a promising candidate for imaging‐guided cancer therapy and selection of cancer patients with high tumor accumulation.