bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physico-Chemcial Parameters of Puducherry Soil and the Associated Mycoflora
Authors: Arun N. , Nayak B. K. 
Published: December 2016

<div><p><em>The rhizosphere region is rich with the plenty of microorganisms. It may be either pathogenic or non-pathogenic to the plants and animals. Fungi were the ubiquitous organisms present in all types of habitats (</em><em>Ainsworth et al., 1995).</em><em>They play a vital role in conversion of waste and degradation</em><em> (Diana 1994).</em><em>. There were the previous researchers so far explained more than million fungal species on earth (<strong>Barnett et al., </strong>1972). The physcio-chemical parameter was also analyzed. The soil samples were serially diluted and inocualted on the SDA plates.</em><em> </em><em>The</em><em> different species belongs to various groups of fungi such as Ascomycotina, Zygomycotina and Deuteromycotina were identified with the help of relevant literatures. A total of -- taxa belonging to -- genera were isolated, these include one species of Acomycetes, one species of Coelomycetes five species of Zygomycetes and remaining species were Deuteromycetes. Penicillium and species of Aspergillus were also recorded from samples. Basidiomycetes were also identified. The macro nutrients such as N, P and K content were not rich in the samples. There is no proper record so far regarding the fungal in these soil areas along with the soil nutrients. </em><em>The present study is mainly focused on the mycoflora present in the rhizosphere regions of three different soil of puducherry region based on the macro and micronutrients present in the soil.</em></p></div>
OS EFEITOS DOS EXERCÍCIOS FÍSICOS NA CAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL DE PACIENTES SUBMETIDAS À MASTECTOMIA: UMA REVISÃO LITERÁRIA
Authors: Gomes Tiago José Nardi , Antunes Vivian Da Pieve , Mezzomo Natália Fernandes , Castagna Leticia , Costa Patrícia De Moraes 
Published: December 2016

<p>O câncer de mama é uma doença estigmatizada que amedronta as mulheres. A cirurgia de câncer de mama está ligada a alterações, sequelas e complicações em até 70% das mulheres acometidas, afetando sua qualidade de vida, apresentando após a cirurgia dificuldades em realizar suas atividades de vida diária. Na tentativa de minimizar os agravos físicos, psicológicos e sociais pós tratamento do câncer existem várias práticas complementares e auxiliares ao tratamento do câncer, dentre essas enfatizamos a prática da atividade física que repercute em benefícios diretos, aumentando a capacidade funcional. Este estudo visou abordar a importância do exercício físico em pacientes com câncer de mama que realizaram mastectomia e demonstrar seus benefícios. Realizou-se revisão de literatura através de bases de dados eletrônicas Lilacs, PEDro, Scielo, Bireme e PubMed. Vários estudos comprovam a importância do exercício para a melhora da capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida e salientam que para que apresentem o efeito desejado deve ser realizado de forma regular e constante e com acompanhamento profissional. Alguns autores citam fatores que dificultam a realização dos exercícios para estas pacientes, como a falta de tempo, efeitos colaterais do tratamento, desanimo, entre outros. Essa revisão concluiu que os exercícios físicos quando realizados de maneira correta e acompanhados de um profissional conferiram efeitos positivos aos pacientes abordados, mas, no entanto, ainda não fazem parte da rotina de muitos pacientes, justificando a necessidade de divulgação e maiores estudos sobre o tema.</p>
The Use of LASER and its Further Development in Varying Aspects of Surgery
Authors: Jordan DJ , Mafi P , Mafi R , Malahias M , El Gawad A 
Published: December 2016

Lasers are now common place in day to day life and have been used across the sciences since their description as far back as 1917. Initially met with some sceptism, their use in medicine and in particular the surgical specialty has only increased. Their use in the future is also likely to expand as we continue to improve their efficiency and technology surrounding them.This review aims to introduce lasers to the novice. The topic of lasers is vast and complex, but we aim to give enough information for the reader to understand how lasers are designed, how they were created, as well as a summary of their current use in medicine.
The Use of Robotic Assisted Surgery; the Current and Future Challenges
Authors: Mafi Reza , Mafi Pouya , Malahias Marco 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Living with robots has always been regarded as a science fiction theme, however due to rapid advances in technology it is becoming more of a reality. The use of robots in surgery dates back to more than 25 years, and has previously been of great assistance to humans in the fields of Aeronautics and Armed forces. An evolutionary step was made after collaboration between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Stanford Research Institute in the field of robotic-assisted surgery. Thereafter, more surgical specialties incorporated this technology in surgical procedures. The objective of this article is to review different applications, challenges, and the future of robotic surgery.

Methods:
We have used a systematic approach to look at the most relevant published articles regarding robotic-assisted surgery. This review has taken 26 articles into consideration that have met the inclusion criteria of using of robotic- assisted technology in surgical procedures.

Conclusion:
Robotic surgery is being used in numerous surgical fields such as pediatrics, urology, cardiovascular surgery, gynecology, otolaryngology, general surgery and orthopedics. It has resulted in a reduction in length of stay, post-operative complication and scarring. However, for achieving optimal outcomes, further development in improving the sensory feedback and reducing the lag time during the transmission of long-range telesurgery is required.
Teaching Anatomy; Dissecting its Delivery in Medical Education
Authors: Jordan DJ , Griffin M , Phillips B , Hindocha S , Elgawad A 
Published: December 2016

Anatomy has long been a topic of interest amongst both those in medicine and those not. The understanding of biology, in terms of the function and structure of the organs and other structures of the body, has dramatically changed over time, and has been closely related to both scientific improvement and religious feeling.There is no doubt that gross anatomy is one of the preclinical cornerstones of medical education, but the way in which it has been taught has changed over the years. As early as the 16thcentury, Vesalius stated that anatomy could only be taught by dissection, however, alternative options for cadaveric study are certainly more available now than when this statement was made.Current teaching methods incorporate the tried and tested cadaveric based dissection, but has more recently been super ceded by the use of computer based imaging and the change to self-orientated or problem based learning. The shift towards the latter has led to a perceived suffering to the gain of anatomical and pathological knowledge of new doctors and surgeons.This paper aims to describe the history of anatomy teaching and review the current evidence for and against the current methods used for its deliverance.
KONSUMSI BERAS ORGANIK PADA TINGKAT RUMAH TANGGA DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Sulistyana Pradesi , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo , Jamhari Jamhari 
Published: December 2016

This research was conducted (1) to determine the organic rice consumption patterns in the region of Yogyakarta City (2) to determine the characteristics of organic rice consumed in the region of Yogyakarta City and (3) to identify the factors influencing the demand for organic rice in Yogyakarta City. The basic method for this research is descriptive analysis. The research located in Yogyakarta City were determined through incidental sampling, there were 35 organic rice consumers as respondents. The data was analyzed by multiple linier regression analysis by Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The result showed that (1) there are 3 categories for the consumption patterns of organic rice at the household level in Yogyakarta City, they are routinely, mixed, and occasionally, with the following results: total food expenditure per month 2,1 million rupiahs - 5 million rupiahs (45,71%), the amount of consumption per month is 21-40 kg by the number of family 5-7 members (51,43%), most consumers choose distributor as a place to purchase organic rice (60%), the main reason of organic rice consumption is the health factor (88,57%), consumers are satisfied to consume organic rice (85,71%), the long of consumption is 1-6 months (42,86%), source of information about the benefits of organic rice from the electronic media (36,36%) and information about the characteristics of organic rice from distributors, (2) consumers of organic rice at the household in Yogyakarta City (40%) consume organic rice from menthik wangi variety that has typical characteristic of white color, rice color level is clear, the rice smells fragrant, rough texture, low broken rice percentage (10-20%), sweet taste, rice fluffiness level is fluffier and more durable resistance, (3) the consumption of organic rice is positively affected by organic rice consumption are the price of non-organic rice, instant noodles price, health factor and negatively affected by price of tempe and tahu price. Non-organic rice and instant noodles are substitutes for organic rice, while tempe and tahu are complements of organic rice.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI TEBU TANAM DAN KEPRASAN DI KABUPATEN BANTUL
Authors: Rohmah Wasilatur , Suryantini Any , Hartono Slamet 
Published: December 2016

This study aimeds to determine (1) factors affecting sugarcane production (2) factors affecting the sugarcane income (3) the risk ofsugarcane production and income (4) contribution of sugarcane farm-income to farmer households’ income (5) income distribution among farmer households (6) the level of farmer households’ welfare in Bantul District. The basic method of this research was descriptive analytical, sample was chosen purposively. Number of respondent was 30 sugarcane farmers. Analytical tools were the Cobb-Douglas production function and Unit Output Price (UOP) profit function. The result showed that (1) factors that positively influencing to the sugarcane production were land acreage, sugarcane seedlings, ZA fertilizer, pesticides, cultivating labor, harvesting labor and cropping method (2) factor that positively influencing to the sugarcane income was land acreage. Income factor that had negatively influence to the sugarcane income were sugarcane seedling’s price and cultivating labor’s wage (3) production risk of second ratoon sugarcane was the highest among other sugarcane planting systems. Income risk of second ratoon sugarcane was the highest among other sugarcane planting system (4) contribution of sugarcane income to the farm household income was the majority (5) sugarcane income could improve farm household’s income distribution (6) sugarcane farm-households was classified as a prosperous household.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI ALOKATIF FAKTOR-FAKTOR PRODUKSI SORGUM DI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL
Authors: Arta Sandi Budi , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi , Irham Irham 
Published: December 2016

This research aims to (1) determine the factors that influence the sorghum production in Gunungkidul District; (2) determine theallocative efficiency of sorghum production factors in Gunungkidul District. Number of respondents were 30 farmers chosen by purposive sampling. Analysis tools used in this research were the Cobb-Douglass Production Function and Allocative Efficiency Analysis. The result showed that the inputs such as land, seeds and organicfertilizerpositive affected to production of sorghum in Gunungkidul District. Result ofAllocative Efficiency analysis showedthat allocation ofland, seeds and organicfertilizer have not been efficient insorghum’sfarming in Gunungkidul District.
Treatment of unresectable skull base meningiomas with somatostatin analogs
Authors: Schulz Chris , Mathieu René , Kunz Ulrich , Mauer Uwe Max 
Published: December 2016

Object
The standard surgical treatment for meningiomas is total resection, but the complete removal of skull base meningiomas can be difficult for several reasons. Thus, the management of certain meningiomas of the skull base—for example, those involving basal vessels and cranial nerves—remains a challenge. In recent reports it has been suggested that somatostatin (SST) administration can cause growth inhibition of unresectable and recurrent meningiomas. The application of SST and its analogs is not routinely integrated into standard treatment strategies for meningiomas, and clinical studies proving growth-inhibiting effects do not exist. The authors report on their experience using octreotide in patients with recurrent or unresectable meningiomas of the skull base.

Methods
Between January 1996 and December 2010, 13 patients harboring a progressive residual meningioma (as indicated by MR imaging criteria) following operative therapy were treated with a monthly injection of the SST analog octreotide (Sandostatin LAR [long-acting repeatable] 30 mg, Novartis). Eight of 13 patients had a meningioma of the skull base and were analyzed in the present study. Postoperative tumor enlargement was documented in all patients on MR images obtained before the initiation of SST therapy. All tumors were benign. No patient received radiation or chemotherapy before treatment with SST. The growth of residual tumor was monitored by MR imaging every 12 months.

Results
Three of the 8 patients had undergone surgical treatment once; 3, 2 times; and 2, 3 times. The mean time after the last meningioma operation (before starting SST treatment) and tumor enlargement as indicated by MR imaging criteria was 24 months. A total of 643 monthly cycles of Sandostatin LAR were administered. Five of the 8 patients were on SST continuously and stabilized disease was documented on MR images obtained in these patients during treatment (median 115 months, range 48–180 months). Three of the 8 patients interrupted treatment: after 60 months in 1 case because of tumor progression, after 36 months in 1 case because of side effects, and after 36 months in 1 case because the health insurance company denied cost absorption.

Conclusions
Although no case of tumor regression was detected on MR imaging, the study results indicated that SST analogs can arrest the progression of unresectable or recurrent benign meningiomas of the skull base in some patients. It remains to be determined whether a controlled prospective clinical trial would be useful.
The molecular genetics and tumor pathogenesis of meningiomas and the future directions of meningioma treatments
Authors: Choy Winward , Kim Won , Nagasawa Daniel , Stramotas Stephanie , Yew Andrew , Gopen Quinton , Parsa Andrew T. , Yang Isaac 
Published: December 2016

Meningiomas are mostly benign, slow-growing tumors of the CNS that originate from arachnoidal cap cells. While monosomy 22 is the most frequent genetic abnormality found in meningiomas, a multitude of other aberrant chromosomal alterations, signaling pathways, and growth factors have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Losses on 22q12.2, a region encoding the tumor suppressor gene merlin, represent the most common genetic alterations in early meningioma formation. Malignant meningioma progression, however, is associated with more complex karyotypes and greater genetic instability. Cytogenetic studies of atypical and anaplastic meningiomas revealed gains and losses on chromosomes 9, 10, 14, and 18, with amplifications on chromosome 17. However, the specific gene targets in a majority of these chromosomal abnormalities remain elusive.
Studies have also implicated a myriad of aberrant signaling pathways involved with meningioma tumorigenesis, including those involved with proliferation, angiogenesis, and autocrine loops. Understanding these disrupted pathways will aid in deciphering the relationship between various genetic changes and their downstream effects on meningioma pathogenesis.
Despite advancements in our understanding of meningioma pathogenesis, the conventional treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery, have remained largely stagnant. Surgery and radiation therapy are curative in the majority of lesions, yet treatment remains challenging for meningiomas that are recurrent, aggressive, or refractory to conventional treatments. Future therapies will include combinations of targeted molecular agents as a result of continued progress in the understanding of genetic and biological changes associated with meningiomas.
Meningiomas involving the optic canal: pattern of involvement and implications for surgical technique
Authors: Taha Ahmed Nageeb M. , Erkmen Kadir , Dunn Ian F. , Pravdenkova Svetlana , Al-Mefty Ossama 
Published: December 2016

Object
Juxtasellar meningiomas frequently extend into the optic canal. Removing these meningiomas from the optic canal is crucial for favorable visual outcome.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 45 patients with anterior and middle fossa meningiomas with involvement of the optic pathway in whom surgery was performed by the senior author (O.A.M.) during the period from 1993 to 2007. Extent of resection and recurrence rates were determined by pre- and postoperative MR imaging studies. Visual outcomes were evaluated with full ophthalmological examinations performed before and after surgery.

Results
Forty-five patients (31 women and 14 men) were involved in this study; their mean age was 51.6 years. Patients were followed for a mean of 29.8 months (range 6–108 months). No surgery-related death occurred. The average tumor size was 3.1 cm. Total resection of the tumor (Simpson Grade I) was achieved in 32 patients (71.1%). Gross-total resection (Simpson Grades II and III) was achieved in 13 patients (28.9%). Only 1 patient harboring a left cavernous sinus meningioma had tumor recurrence and underwent repeat resection. Meningiomas extended into 58 optic canals in these cases; 13 patients showed extension into both optic canals. Visual disturbance was the main presenting symptom in 37 patients (82.2%); 8 patients had normal vision initially. Visual improvement after surgery was seen in 21 (57%) of 37 patients and in 27 (34.6%) of 78 affected eyes. Vision remained unchanged in 48 (61.5%) of 78 eyes. Transient postoperative visual deterioration occurred in 2 eyes (2.6%), with recovery to baseline over time. Only 1 (1.3%) of 78 eyes had permanent visual deterioration after surgery. The visual outcome was affected mainly by the tumor size, the preoperative visual status, and the duration of symptoms.

Conclusions
Involvement of the optic canal in meningiomas is frequent. It occurs in a wide variety of anterior skull base meningiomas and it can be bilateral. It is a prominent factor that affects the preoperative visual status and postoperative recovery. Decompression of the optic canal and removal of the tumor inside is a crucial step in the surgical management of these tumors to optimize visual recovery and prevent tumor recurrence.
Neurosurgical management of extraaxial central nervous system infections in children
Authors: Gupta Sanjay , Vachhrajani Shobhan , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Taylor Michael D. , Dirks Peter , Drake James M. , Rutka James T. 
Published: December 2016

Object
Extraaxial infections of the CNS, including subdural empyema and epidural abscess, are rare but potentially life-threatening conditions. Symptoms are usually progressive, and early diagnosis is therefore important. Early intervention with appropriate treatment offers the best opportunity for eradicating the infection and promoting maximal neurological recovery.

Methods
The medical records of children with extraaxial CNS infection over the last 24 years at the Hospital for Sick Children were analyzed. Only those patients with radiological and/or operative confirmation of the diagnosis of subdural empyema or epidural abscess were included in the study. Demographic and clinical data were collected to determine the outcomes after such infections and factors that predict for such outcomes.

Results
The authors identified 70 children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Sinusitis was the most common etiology and was seen in 38 patients. All of these patients were older than 7 years of age at diagnosis. Subdural empyemas were diagnosed in 13 patients following bacterial meningitis, and they were found primarily in infants within the 1st year of life. Other etiological factors included otogenic infection (4 cases), postneurosurgical infection (7 cases), and hematogenous spread of infection (7 cases including 6 cases of spinal epidural abscess). Streptococcus anginosus and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common pathogens identified. Sixty-four patients (91.4%) underwent at least 1 neurosurgical procedure. Seizures and cerebral edema from cortical vein thrombosis were the most common complications.

Conclusions
Due to variable etiology, identification of the responsible microorganism through neurosurgical drainage followed by long-term intravenous antibiotics remains the mainstay in treating extraaxial CNS infections. Optimal outcome is achieved with early diagnosis and therapy.
Microscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy in the pediatric population
Authors: Tarapore Phiroz E. , Sughrue Michael E. , Blevins Lewis , Auguste Kurtis I. , Gupta Nalin , Kunwar Sandeep 
Published: December 2016

Object
Pituitary adenomas are uncommon in childhood. Although medical treatment can be effective in treating prolactinomas and some growth hormone (GH)–secreting tumors, resection is indicated when visual function is affected or the side effects of medical therapy are intolerable. The authors of this report describe their 10-year experience in managing pituitary adenomas via the microscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach in a pediatric population.

Methods
They performed a retrospective review of a surgical case series based at a single institution and consisting of 34 consecutive pediatric patients with endocrine-active (32 patients) and endocrine-inactive (2 patients) adenomas. These patients were surgically treated via an endonasal transsphenoidal approach between 1999 and 2008. Patient charts were reviewed, and clinical data were compiled and analyzed using the chi-square and Kaplan-Meier tests.

Results
The patient cohort consisted of 20 girls and 14 boys, with ages ranging from 9 to 18 years and a median age of 16 years. Thirty-two patients (94%) underwent surgery for endocrine-active tumors, including 10 (29%) with Cushing disease, 21 (62%) with prolactinomas, and 1 (3%) with GH-secreting tumors. Two patients with nonsecreting adenomas underwent surgery for apoplexy. The mean tumor volume was 5.4 cm3, and 13 patients (38%) had suprasellar extension and 7 (21%) had cavernous sinus invasion. Gross-total resection was achieved in 26 patients (76%), although it was significantly less likely to be achieved in the setting of cavernous sinus invasion (p < 0.001) but was unaffected by suprasellar extension. Residual tumor was treated with radiation therapy in 6 patients (18%). The average duration of hospital stay was 1.6 days. The median follow-up time was 18 months. After surgery, 19 patients (56%) had normal hormone function without adjuvant therapy, 8 (24%) had normal function with adjuvant therapy, and 5 (15%) had persistently elevated hormone levels. Patients with a macroprolactinoma were significantly more likely to require postoperative adjuvant therapy than were those with a microprolactinoma (p < 0.03).

Conclusions
Endonasal transsphenoidal resection is a safe, well-tolerated, and potentially curative treatment option for pituitary adenomas in children. Despite the technical challenges associated with this approach in the pediatric population, these tumors can be effectively managed with minimal morbidity. Endocrine function is usually preserved, and the majority of patients will not require lifelong medical therapy.