bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of desiccation, predatory cues, and density on metamorphic traits of the bronze frog Hylarana temporalis
Authors: Mogali Santosh , Saidapur Srinivas , Shanbhag Bhagyashri 
Published: April 2016

We conducted an experiment to understand the influence of ecological factors (desiccation, predation threat and density) on two major metamorphic traits, larval period and size at metamorphosis, in the Indian bronze frog,Hylarana temporalis. Tadpoles were reared in groups of 15 (low), 30 (medium) and 60 (high) densities. We created the threat of desiccation by removing 0.5 l water at 10 days intervals until the water quantity reached 0.5 l. Caged dragonfly larvae (Pantala flavescens) provided the predation threat. Results show that each ecological factor independently influenced metamorphic traits but not in an interactive way. Under desiccation threat the tadpoles metamorphosed earlier and at smaller sizes compared to those reared in constant water (at corresponding densities) regardless of presence/absence of predator. In contrast, under predation threat, tadpoles metamorphosed early and at a bigger size than those reared without predator regardless of density of rearing, and desiccation threat. Alternatively, an increase in density of rearing delayed metamorphosis with smaller metamorphic size in constant water and also under threat of desiccation regardless of whether predation threat existed or not. Thus, our study revealed thatH. temporalistadpoles can modify their response to each ecological factor regardless of what other factors operate simultaneously; the threat of desiccation shortens larval period at the cost of growth. Whereas, predator pressure shortens larval period along with increased growth; while greater density increases larval period and slows down growth inH. temporalis.
Using Scientific Conferences to Engage the Public on Climate Change
Authors: Hicke Jeffrey A. , Abatzoglou John T. , Daley-Laursen Steven , Esler Jamie , Parker Lauren E. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Climate change is often perceived as controversial in the public’s view. One meaningful way scientists can address this problem is to engage with the public to increase understanding of climate change. Attendees of scientific conferences address climate change within meetings yet rarely interact with the public as part of conference attendance. Here, we describe outreach (sending experts into the community) and inreach (bringing the public to a conference) activities at the 2015 Northwest Climate Conference in Idaho that were designed to increase the local community’s understanding of climate change and foster interaction between scientists and the public. Conference attendees volunteered to visit community schools and civic groups to give presentations and engage in a discussion on climate change. We designed a well-attended evening plenary session for the public that featured an experienced speaker who described local climate change impacts important to the community. Local high school students attended the conference, and several were mentored by conference attendees. We reached an estimated 1,000 students and 500 other members of the public in person and many others via advertising and newspaper articles. Keys to our success were local contacts with excellent connections to schools, civic organizations, local government officials, interest groups, and a pool of motivated, enthusiastic conference attendees who were already traveling to the area. We encourage other conference organizers to consider these activities in their future meetings to increase public knowledge of climate change, particularly given the urgency of action needed to limit future climate change and its impacts.
Multiscale Characteristics of Surface Winds in an Area of Complex Terrain in Northwest Utah
Authors: Jeglum Matthew E. , Hoch Sebastian W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractClimatological features of the surface wind on diurnal and seasonal time scales over a 17-yr period in an area of complex terrain at Dugway Proving Ground in northwestern Utah are analyzed, and potential synoptic-scale, mesoscale, and microscale forcings on the surface wind are identified. Analysis of the wind climatology at 26 automated weather stations revealed a bimodal wind direction distribution at times when thermally driven circulations were expected to produce a single primary direction. The two modes of this distribution are referred to as the “northerly” and “southerly” regimes. The northerly regime is most frequent in May, and the southerly regime is most frequent in August. January, May, and August constitute a “tripole seasonality” of the wind evolution. Although both regimes occur in all months, the monthly changes in regime frequency are related to changes in synoptic and mesoscale phenomena including the climatological position of the primary synoptic baroclinic zone in the western United States, interaction of the large-scale flow with the Sierra Nevada, and thermal low pressure systems that form in the Intermountain West in summer. Numerous applications require accurate forecasts of surface winds in complex terrain, yet mesoscale models perform relatively poorly in these areas, contributing to poor operational forecast skill. Knowledge of the climatologically persistent wind flows and their potential forcings will enable relevant model deficiencies to be addressed.
Impact of the Antarctic Ozone Hole on the Vertical Coupling of the Stratosphere–Mesosphere–Lower Thermosphere System
Authors: Lubis Sandro W. , Omrani Nour-Eddine , Matthes Katja , Wahl Sebastian 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
There is evidence that the strengthened stratospheric westerlies arising from the Antarctic ozone hole–induced cooling cause a polar mesospheric warming and a subsequent cooling in the lower thermosphere. While previous studies focus on the role of nonresolved (gravity) wave drag filtering, here the role of resolved (planetary) wave drag and radiative forcing on the Antarctic mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) is explored in detail. Using simulations with NCAR’s Community Earth System Model, version 1 (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model) [CESM1(WACCM)], it is found that in late spring and early summer the anomalous polar mesospheric warming induced by easterly nonresolved wave drag is dampened by anomalous dynamical cooling induced by westerly resolved wave drag. This resolved wave drag is attributed to planetary-scale wave (k = 1–3) activity, which is generated in situ as a result of increased instability of the summer mesospheric easterly jet induced by the ozone hole. On the other hand, the anomalous cooling in the polar lower thermosphere induced by westerly nonresolved wave drag is enhanced by anomalous dynamical cooling due to westerly resolved wave drag. In addition, radiative effects from increased greenhouse gases during the ozone hole period contribute partially to the cooling in the polar lower thermosphere.
The polar MLT temperature response to the Antarctic ozone hole is, through thermal wind balance, accompanied by the downward migration of anomalous zonal-mean wind from the lower thermosphere to the stratopause. The results highlight that a proper accounting of both dynamical and radiative effects is required in order to correctly attribute the causes of the polar MLT response to the Antarctic ozone hole.
Projecting and Forecasting Winter Precipitation Extremes and Meteorological Drought in California Using the North Pacific High Sea Level Pressure Anomaly
Authors: Costa-Cabral Mariza , Rath John S. , Mills William B. , Roy Sujoy B. , Bromirski Peter D. , Milesi Cristina 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Large-scale climatic indices have been used as predictors of precipitation totals and extremes in many studies and are used operationally in weather forecasts to circumvent the difficulty in obtaining robust dynamical simulations of precipitation. The authors show that the sea level pressure North Pacific high (NPH) wintertime anomaly, a component of the Northern Oscillation index (NOI), provides a superior covariate of interannual precipitation variability in Northern California, including seasonal precipitation totals, drought, and extreme precipitation intensity, compared to traditional ENSO indices such as the Southern Oscillation index (SOI), the multivariate ENSO index (MEI), Niño-3.4, and others. Furthermore, the authors show that the NPH anomaly more closely reflects the influence of Pacific basin conditions over California in general, over groups of stations used to characterize statewide precipitation in the Sierra Nevada range, and over the southern San Francisco Bay region (NASA Ames Research Center). This paper uses the term prediction to refer to the estimation of precipitation (the predictand) from a climate covariate (the predictor), such as a climate index, or atmospheric moisture. In this sense, predictor and predictand are simultaneous in time. Statistical models employed show the effectiveness of the NPH winter anomaly as a predictor of total winter precipitation and daily precipitation extremes at the Moffett Field station. NPH projected by global climate models is also used in conjunction with atmospheric humidity [atmospheric specific humidity (HUS) at the 850-hPa level] to obtain projections of mean and extreme precipitation. The authors show that future development of accurate forecasts of NPH anomalies issued several months in advance is important for forecasting total winter precipitation and is expected to directly benefit water resource management in California. Therefore, the authors suggest that investigating the lead-time predictability of NPH anomalies is an important direction for future research.
A Study of Multiscale Initial Condition Perturbation Methods for Convection-Permitting Ensemble Forecasts
Authors: Johnson Aaron , Wang Xuguang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe impacts of multiscale flow-dependent initial condition (IC) perturbations for storm-scale ensemble forecasts of midlatitude convection are investigated using perfect-model observing system simulation experiments. Several diverse cases are used to quantitatively and qualitatively understand the impacts of different IC perturbations on ensemble forecast skill. Scale dependence of the results is assessed by evaluating 2-h storm-scale reflectivity forecasts separately from hourly accumulated mesoscale precipitation forecasts.Forecasts are initialized with different IC ensembles, including an ensemble of multiscale perturbations produced by a multiscale data assimilation system, mesoscale perturbations produced at a coarser resolution, and filtered multiscale perturbations. Mesoscale precipitation forecasts initialized with the multiscale perturbations are more skillful than the forecasts initialized with the mesoscale perturbations at several lead times. This multiscale advantage is due to greater consistency between the IC perturbations and IC uncertainty. This advantage also affects the short-term, smaller-scale forecasts. Reflectivity forecasts on very small scales and very short lead times are more skillful with the multiscale perturbations as a direct result of the smaller-scale IC perturbation energy. The small-scale IC perturbations also contribute to some improvements to the mesoscale precipitation forecasts after the ~5-h lead time. Altogether, these results suggest that the multiscale IC perturbations provided by ensemble data assimilation on the convection-permitting grid can improve storm-scale ensemble forecasts by improving the sampling of IC uncertainty, compared to downscaling of IC perturbations from a coarser-resolution ensemble.
Verification of Tropical Cyclone Genesis Forecasts from Global Numerical Models: Comparisons between the North Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific Basins
Authors: Halperin Daniel J. , Fuelberg Henry E. , Hart Robert E. , Cossuth Joshua H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAccurately forecasting tropical cyclone (TC) genesis is an important operational need, especially since the National Hurricane Center’s Tropical Weather Outlook product has been extended from 2 to 5 days. A previous study by the coauthors verified North Atlantic TC genesis forecasts from five global models out to 4 days during 2004–11. This study expands on the previous research by 1) verifying TC genesis forecasts over both the Atlantic and eastern North Pacific basins, 2) extending the forecast window to 5 days, and 3) updating the analysis period through 2014. Verification statistics are presented and compared between the two basins. Probability of detection and critical success indices generally are greater over the eastern North Pacific basin compared to the North Atlantic. There is a trade-off between models that exhibit a greater probability of detection and a greater false alarm ratio, and models that exhibit a smaller false alarm ratio and a smaller probability of detection. Results also reveal that the models preferentially miss TCs over the North Atlantic (eastern North Pacific) that have a relatively small radius of the outer closed isobar (radius of maximum wind) at the forecast genesis time. Overall, global models have become a more reliable source of TC genesis guidance during the past few years compared to the early years in the dataset.
The Effectiveness of Simulator Motion in the Transfer of Performance on a Tracking Task Is Influenced by Vision and Motion Disturbance Cues
Authors: Grundy John G. , Nazar Stefan , O’Malley Shannon , Mohrenshildt Martin v. , Shedden Judith M. 
Published: April 2016

Objective: To examine the importance of platform motion to the transfer of performance in motion simulators. Background: The importance of platform motion in simulators for pilot training is strongly debated. We hypothesized that the type of motion (e.g., disturbance) contributes significantly to performance differences. Methods: Participants used a joystick to perform a target tracking task in a pod on top of a MOOG Stewart motion platform. Five conditions compared training without motion, with correlated motion, with disturbance motion, with disturbance motion isolated to the visual display, and with both correlated and disturbance motion. The test condition involved the full motion model with both correlated and disturbance motion. We analyzed speed and accuracy across training and test as well as strategic differences in joystick control. Results: Training with disturbance cues produced critical behavioral differences compared to training without disturbance; motion itself was less important. Conclusion: Incorporation of disturbance cues is a potentially important source of variance between studies that do or do not show a benefit of motion platforms in the transfer of performance in simulators. Application: Potential applications of this research include the assessment of the importance of motion platforms in flight simulators, with a focus on the efficacy of incorporating disturbance cues during training.
A Patient-Driven Approach to Manage Mealtime Insulin Titration
Authors: Camacho Allison , Johnson Jennal , Bonner Jeffrey S. , Glass Leonard C. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose Patient-centric methods to support diabetes management are important to overcome barriers associated with initiating mealtime insulin. This article describes the subject-driven titration tools implemented in the AUTONOMY trial to initiate and adjust mealtime insulin dose and the methods used to apply these tools in clinical practice. Conclusions The methods used to initiate and escalate mealtime insulin in the AUTONOMY trial proved to be safe and effective, and the patient-friendly guide to self-adjusting mealtime insulin dose may mitigate the complexities associated with treatment intensification while empowering patients to reach their glycemic goals.
Effects of action observation treatment in recovery after total knee replacement: a prospective clinical trial
Authors: Villafañe Jorge Hugo , Isgrò Maria , Borsatti Maria , Berjano Pedro , Pirali Caterina , Negrini Stefano 
Published: April 2016

Objective: We hypothesized that self-administered action observation treatment can increase the effectiveness of inpatient rehabilitation of patients after a primary total knee replacement. Design: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Setting: Thirty-one inpatients, admitted to our Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department. Subjects: After a primary total knee replacement were randomly assigned to either an experimental ( n=14) or control ( n=17) group. Intervention: All subjects received conventional physiotherapy and were required to perform additional self-administered exercises explained in a written informative brochure. Subjects in the experimental group were asked to watch a video showing a person exercising whilst the control group watched a nature video without exercises being shown. Main outcomes measure: Changes in Visual Analogue Scale, active and passive range of motion of knee, Barthel index, Short Form-36 Health Survey, Tinetti scale, Lequesne index measurements. Results: At the end of the intervention period, the increase of the active range of motion over the active flexion and extension in the experimental group was higher than in the control group; the difference between groups was 15.6° (95%CI 5.3–24.8) and 3.4° (95%CI 1.1–5.6), for active flexion and active extension respectively; between-group effect sizes were large at post-treatment period (d>1.3). Conclusions: adding action observation training to conventional inpatient physiotherapy is associated with a greater degree of recovery in patients who have undergone a primary total knee replacement.
Characteristics of Norwegian clubhouse members and factors associated with their participation in work and education
Authors: Bonsaksen Tore , Fouad Maria , Skarpaas Lisebet , Nordli Hege , Fekete Orsolya , Stimo Torhild 
Published: April 2016

Introduction People with mental illness, in particular those with psychosis, have more problems related to getting and keeping a job than people in the general population. Clubhouses for people with mental illness are becoming increasingly common, but little is known about clubhouse members and their participation in work and education. The aim of this study was to explore these issues. Method A member survey was conducted at one clubhouse in Oslo during February 2015. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. Results Eighty-nine clubhouse members completed the survey (response rate 55.6%). More than half of the sample had a desire to work, but only 14% participated in ordinary work. Sixty-seven percent of the participants were more than 50 years old, and they were frequent users and long-time members of the clubhouse. Higher age among the participants decreased their chances for participating in work and/or education. Conclusion The study indicates that the clubhouse is of importance to its members, and that older members who have a desire to participate in work and/or education may be particularly challenged in their work towards such goals.
Dosing Practices of Intravenous Acyclovir for Herpes Encephalitis in Obesity: Results of a Pharmacist Survey
Authors: Wong Adrian , Pickering Aaron J. , Potoski Brian A. 
Published: April 2016

Background: Dosing of intravenous acyclovir for herpes encephalitis in obese patients is recommended to be based on ideal body weight. However, limited data support this recommendation, and recent data suggest this may lead to underdosing. Objective: To determine national dosing practices of intravenous acyclovir across a range of patient weights. Methods: A survey was distributed to members of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Critical Care and Infectious Diseases Practice & Research Networks listservs. Data collected included demographic information and dosing of acyclovir, given consistent patient cases with varying patient weight. Results: A total of 264 pharmacists participated in the survey, with 240 (90.9%) participants completing the survey. Participants were predominately clinical pharmacists. As patient weight increased, respondents were more apt to dose based on an adjusted body weight, with dosing in the obese and morbidly obese showing a clear lack of consistency. Conclusions: Intravenous dosing of acyclovir for herpes encephalitis is variable, especially in obese patients, and does not reflect recommendations. Limited data provide conflicting recommendations for dosing in obese patients, and future studies are necessary to optimize patient outcomes and prevent toxicity.
The dysfunctions of complement factor H in lupus nephritis
Authors: Wang F-m , Song D , Pang Y , Song Y , Yu F , Zhao M-h 
Published: April 2016

Objective Our previous study showed that plasma levels of factor H (FH) were significantly decreased in patients with lupus nephritis and reflected lupus nephritis activity. The aim of this study was to further investigate in vitro biofunctions of plasma FH in patients with lupus nephritis. Methods FH was purified from the first run of plasma exchange in four active lupus nephritis patients and two non-renal involvement systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and plasma from two healthy controls. Then, the biofunctions of the purified FH were analyzed. In addition, FH exons sequencing analysis was performed. Results Homogeneous FH was purified from the plasma fractions and the purity of the purified FH was comparable to the commercial FH. The abilities of FH binding with C3b and mCRP, and its protecting abilities from the lysis of sheep erythrocytes, from No. 3 and No. 4 lupus nephritis patients, decreased significantly compared with those in normal controls. The purified FH from lupus nephritis patients Nos. 2–4 could not induce the phagocytosis of late apoptotic cells significantly compared with normal controls. All four lupus nephritis patients had the known SNP rs1061147 (SCR5, A307A), rs1061170 (SCR7, Y402H), CM050194 (SCR20, S1191W) and CM010322 (SCR20, V1197A), which might be associated with the above dysfunctions. Conclusions Dysfunctions of FH, including the regulations of complement alternative pathway and the clearance of apoptotic cells, were found in some active lupus nephritis patients, which were associated with their clinical phenotypes. The FH SNPs might contribute to the dysfunctions of FH in patients with lupus nephritis.