bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinic Blood Pressure Underestimates Ambulatory Blood Pressure in an Untreated Employer-Based US Population
Authors: Schwartz Joseph E. , Burg Matthew M. , Shimbo Daichi , Broderick Joan E. , Stone Arthur A. , Ishikawa Joji , Sloan Richard , Yurgel Tyla , Grossman Steven , Pickering Thomas G. 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) is consistently superior to clinic blood pressure (CBP) as a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk. A common perception is that ABP is usually lower than CBP. The relationship of the CBP minus ABP difference to age has not been examined in the United States.

Methods:
Between 2005 and 2012, 888 healthy, employed, middle-aged (mean±SD age, 45±10.4 years) individuals (59% female, 7.4% black, 12% Hispanic) with screening BP <160/105 mm Hg and not taking antihypertensive medication completed 3 separate clinic BP assessments and a 24-hour ABP recording for the Masked Hypertension Study. The distributions of CBP, mean awake ABP (aABP), and the CBP−aABP difference in the full sample and by demographic characteristics were compared. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing was used to model the relationship of the BP measures to age and body mass index. The prevalence of discrepancies in ABP- versus CBP-defined hypertension status—white-coat hypertension and masked hypertension—were also examined.

Results:

Average systolic/diastolic aABP (123.0/77.4±10.3/7.4 mm Hg) was significantly higher than the average of 9 CBP readings over 3 visits (116.0/75.4±11.6/7.7 mm Hg). aABP exceeded CBP by >10 mm Hg much more frequently than CBP exceeded aABP. The difference (aABP>CBP) was most pronounced in young adults and those with normal body mass index. The systolic difference progressively diminished, but did not disappear, at older ages and higher body mass indexes. The diastolic difference vanished around age 65 and reversed (CBP>aABP) for body mass index >32.5 kg/m
2
. Whereas 5.3% of participants were hypertensive by CBP, 19.2% were hypertensive by aABP; 15.7% of those with nonelevated CBP had masked hypertension.

Conclusions:
Contrary to a widely held belief, based primarily on cohort studies of patients with elevated CBP, ABP is not usually lower than CBP, at least not among healthy, employed individuals. Furthermore, a substantial proportion of otherwise healthy individuals with nonelevated CBP have masked hypertension. Demonstrated CBP−aABP gradients, if confirmed in representative samples (eg, NHANES [National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey]), could provide guidance for primary care physicians as to when, for a given CBP, 24-hour ABP would be useful to identify or rule out masked hypertension.
Pseudotrichonotus belos new species, first record of the fish family Pseudotrichonotidae from Australia (Teleostei: Aulopiformes)
Authors: GILL ANTHONY C. , POGONOSKI JOHN J. 
Published: December 2016

Pseudotrichonotus belos new species, described from three specimens trawled in 100–120 m offshore between Exmouth Gulf and Shark Bay, Western Australia, represents the first record of the sand-diving fish family Pseudotrichonotidae from Australian waters. It differs from its two congeners in having a more posteriorly positioned dorsal fin (predorsal length 39.6–41.2 % SL) and fewer dorsal- and anal-fin rays (31–33 and 12, respectively).
Tornadoes in Europe: An Underestimated Threat
Authors: Antonescu Bogdan , Schultz David M. , Holzer Alois , Groenemeijer Pieter 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The social and economic impact of tornadoes in Europe is analyzed using tornado reports from the European Severe Weather Database between 1950 and 2015. Despite what is often assumed by the general public and even by meteorologists and researchers, tornadoes do occur in Europe and they are associated with injuries, fatalities, and damages, although their reported frequencies and intensities are lower compared with the United States. Currently, the threat of tornadoes to Europe is underestimated. Few European meteorological services have developed and maintained tornado databases and even fewer have issued tornado warnings. This article summarizes our current understanding of the tornado threat to Europe by showing the changes in tornado injuries and fatalities since the 1950s and by estimating for the first time the damages associated with European tornadoes. To increase awareness of tornadoes and their threat to Europe, we propose a strategy that includes 1) collaboration between meteorological services, researchers, and the general public toward a pan-European database; 2) development of national forecasting and warning systems and of pan-European convective outlooks; and 3) development by decision-makers and emergency managers of policies and strategies that include tornadoes.
Pacific Hurricane Landfalls on Mexico and SST
Authors: Hall Timothy , Tippett Michael K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA statistical model of northeastern Pacific Ocean tropical cyclones (TCs) is developed and used to estimate hurricane landfall rates along the coast of Mexico. Mean annual landfall rates for 1971–2014 are compared with mean rates for the extremely high northeastern Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) of 2015. Over the full coast, the mean rate and 5%–95% uncertainty range (in parentheses) for TCs that are category 1 and higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale (C1+ TCs) are 1.24 (1.05, 1.33) yr−1 for 1971–2014 and 1.69 (0.89, 2.08) yr−1 for 2015—a difference that is not significant. The increase for the most intense landfalls (category-5 TCs) is significant: 0.009 (0.006, 0.011) yr−1 for 1971–2014 and 0.031 (0.016, 0.036) yr−1 for 2015. The SST impact on the rate of category-5 TC landfalls is largest on the northern Mexican coast. The increased landfall rates for category-5 TCs are consistent with independent analysis showing that SST has its greatest impact on the formation rates of the most intense northeastern Pacific TCs. Landfall rates on Hawaii [0.033 (0.019, 0.045) yr−1 for C1+ TCs and 0.010 (0.005, 0.016) yr−1 for C3+ TCs for 1971–2014] show increases in the best estimates for 2015 conditions, but the changes are statistically insignificant.
Climatological Characterization of Puelche Winds down the Western Slope of the Extratropical Andes Mountains Using the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis
Authors: Montecinos Aldo , Muñoz Ricardo C. , Oviedo Stephanie , Martínez Andrés , Villagrán Víctor 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe existence of strong easterly winds down the western slope of the south-central Andes in Chile, locally known as Puelche winds, has been known by the meteorological community since at least the mid-twentieth century. However, this is the first time that a climatological characterization of them is presented. The analysis is based on 36 yr of daily CFSR–NCEP reanalyzed data, validated by surface weather observations. Puelche winds are present all year round. The main synoptic-scale forcing of Puelche winds in south-central Chile is the passage of cold anticyclonic systems across the Andes Mountains. As these systems progress into the South American continent, a zonal surface circulation crossing from Argentina (upslope) to Chile (downslope) develops. Unlike terral and raco, other foehnlike winds at subtropical latitudes in Chile, the Puelche winds are forced by both meridional and zonal pressure gradients. Presumably, the smaller altitude of the Andes Mountains south of 35°S allows the air crossing from east to west in response to the presence of the migratory high pressure system over Argentina. As in other places where foehnlike winds develop, the warming extends far from places where the Puelche is actually observed, that is, to the west of the Andes into the surface at the coastal and the central depression areas. This “foehn clearance” is the result of cloudless sky and drier atmosphere that would allow an increase in the solar radiation reaching the surface and a subsequent warming of the near-surface air. The foehn clearance also drives an enhanced nighttime cooling, especially on the days after the onset of the Puelche event.
Spatial Distribution of Generation of Lorenz’s Available Potential Energy in a Global Climate Model
Authors: Ahbe Eva , Caldeira Ken 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Previous studies have estimated global available potential energy (APE) and global APE generation, but no study has focused on the geographic distribution of contributions to global APE and APE generation. To obtain the information needed for this analysis, simulations were performed using the NCAR CESM1.0.4 climate model. Based on these simulation results, maps of the spatial and seasonal distribution of APE contributions and APE generation in the atmosphere were obtained from the analysis. APE is generated by processes that cool relatively cool areas or warm relatively warm areas. It was found that there are two regions of the mid- to upper troposphere that contribute primarily to APE generation: 1) the tropics, especially the western tropical Pacific, owing largely to latent heat released in the intertropical convergence zone, and 2) the polar regions, especially in the relatively cold polar night, where longwave cooling is not offset by shortwave warming. It was also found that these qualitative results are largely insensitive to the assumptions examined regarding the treatment of topography in the atmosphere. Further, the analysis was extended to calculate how APE and APE generation is changed in a 4 × CO2 climate relative to a 1 × CO2 climate. It was found that in the high-CO2 climate, APE decreased by 7.0% and APE generation decreased by 10.1%. This is consistent with expectations based on decreased equator-to-pole temperature gradients in warmer climates. The methods, results, and analysis presented here should prove useful in helping to build a better understanding of controls on atmospheric kinetic energy.
Stratospheric Control of the Madden–Julian Oscillation
Authors: Son Seok-Woo , Lim Yuna , Yoo Changhyun , Hendon Harry H. , Kim Joowan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Interannual variation of seasonal-mean tropical convection over the Indo-Pacific region is primarily controlled by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). For example, during El Niño winters, seasonal-mean convection around the Maritime Continent becomes weaker than normal, while that over the central to eastern Pacific is strengthened. Similarly, subseasonal convective activity, which is associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), is influenced by ENSO. The MJO activity tends to extend farther eastward to the date line during El Niño winters and contract toward the western Pacific during La Niña winters. However, the overall level of MJO activity across the Maritime Continent does not change much in response to the ENSO. It is shown that the boreal winter MJO amplitude is closely linked with the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) rather than with ENSO. The MJO activity around the Maritime Continent becomes stronger and more organized during the easterly QBO winters. The QBO-related MJO change explains up to 40% of interannual variation of the boreal winter MJO amplitude. This result suggests that variability of the MJO and the related tropical–extratropical teleconnections can be better understood and predicted by taking not only the tropospheric circulation but also the stratospheric mean state into account. The seasonality of the QBO–MJO link and the possible mechanism are also discussed.
Is Tropical Cyclone Surge, Not Intensity, What Kills So Many People in South Asia?
Authors: Seo S. Niggol , Bakkensen Laura A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This paper statistically examines the hypothesis that the level of storm surge, not storm intensity, is primarily responsible for the large number of tropical cyclone fatalities in South Asia. Because the potential causal link between intensity and surge can confound statistical inference, the authors develop two fatality models using different assumptions on the relationship between storm surge and intensity. The authors find evidence that storm surge is a primary killer of people in South Asia relative to storm intensity. In a surge–pressure independence model, it is found that a 10-cm increase in storm surge results in a 14% increase in the number of fatalities. In a surge–pressure dependence model, a 10-cm increase in the level of surge not driven by minimum central pressure (MCP) leads to 9.9% increase in the number of fatalities. By contrast, a one-millibar (1 hPa) decrease in MCP leads to a 7.3% increase in the number of fatalities, some of which is also attributable to storm surge. In South Asia, adaptation strategies should target a higher level of storm surge instead of higher-intensity storms. Policies to combat surge include permanent relocation, temporary evacuation, changes in building structures, and coastal fortification.
In vitro activation of coagulation by human neutrophil DNA and histone proteins but not neutrophil extracellular traps
Authors: Noubouossie Denis F. , Whelihan Matthew F. , Yu Yuan-Bin , Sparkenbaugh Erica , Pawlinski Rafal , Monroe Dougald M. , Key Nigel S. 
Published: December 2016

Key Points
Individual histone proteins and DNA purified from normal human neutrophils promote coagulation activation. Neither intact NETs nor nucleosomes directly promote coagulation activation in plasma in vitro.
DeepQA: improving the estimation of single protein model quality with deep belief networks
Authors: Cao Renzhi , Bhattacharya Debswapna , Hou Jie , Cheng Jianlin 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
Protein quality assessment (QA) useful for ranking and selecting protein models has long been viewed as one of the major challenges for protein tertiary structure prediction. Especially, estimating the quality of a single protein model, which is important for selecting a few good models out of a large model pool consisting of mostly low-quality models, is still a largely unsolved problem.

Results
We introduce a novel single-model quality assessment method DeepQA based on deep belief network that utilizes a number of selected features describing the quality of a model from different perspectives, such as energy, physio-chemical characteristics, and structural information. The deep belief network is trained on several large datasets consisting of models from the Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction (CASP) experiments, several publicly available datasets, and models generated by our in-house ab initio method. Our experiments demonstrate that deep belief network has better performance compared to Support Vector Machines and Neural Networks on the protein model quality assessment problem, and our method DeepQA achieves the state-of-the-art performance on CASP11 dataset. It also outperformed two well-established methods in selecting good outlier models from a large set of models of mostly low quality generated by ab initio modeling methods.

Conclusion
DeepQA is a useful deep learning tool for protein single model quality assessment and protein structure prediction. The source code, executable, document and training/test datasets of DeepQA for Linux is freely available to non-commercial users at http://cactus.rnet.missouri.edu/DeepQA/.
Choices have consequences: the nexus between DNA repair pathways and genomic instability in cancer
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sonali , Nandi Saikat 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe genome is under constant assault from a multitude of sources that can lead to the formation of DNA double‐stand breaks (DSBs). DSBs are cytotoxic lesions, which if left unrepaired could lead to genomic instability, cancer and even cell death. However, erroneous repair of DSBs can lead to chromosomal rearrangements and loss of heterozygosity, which in turn can also cause cancer and cell death. Hence, although the repair of DSBs is crucial for the maintenance of genome integrity the process of repair need to be well regulated and closely monitored.Main bodyThe two most commonly used pathways to repair DSBs in higher eukaryotes include non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). NHEJ is considered to be error‐prone, intrinsically mutagenic quick fix remedy to seal together the broken DNA ends and restart replication. In contrast, HR is a high‐fidelity process that has been very well conserved from phage to humans. Here we review HR and its sub‐pathways. We discuss what factors determine the sub pathway choice including etiology of the DSB, chromatin structure at the break site, processing of the DSBs and the mechanisms regulating the sub‐pathway choice. We also elaborate on the potential of targeting HR genes for cancer therapy and anticancer strategies.ConclusionThe DNA repair field is a vibrant one, and the stage is ripe for scrutinizing the potential treatment efficacy and future clinical applications of the pharmacological inhibitors of HR enzymes as mono‐ or combinatorial therapy regimes.
CanVar: A resource for sharing germline variation in cancer patients
Authors: Chubb Daniel , Broderick Peter , Dobbins Sara E. , Houlston Richard S. 
Published: December 2016

The advent of high-throughput sequencing has accelerated our ability to discover genes predisposing to disease and is transforming clinical genomic sequencing. In both contexts knowledge of the spectrum and frequency of genetic variation in the general population and in disease cohorts is vital to the interpretation of sequencing data. While population level data is becoming increasingly available from publicly accessible sources, as exemplified by The Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC), the availability of large-scale disease-specific frequency information is limited. These data are of particular importance to contextualise findings from clinical mutation screens and small gene discovery projects. This is especially true for cancer, which is typified by a number of hereditary predisposition syndromes. Although mutation frequencies in tumours are available from resources such as Cosmic and The Cancer Genome Atlas, a similar facility for germline variation is lacking. Here we present the Cancer Variation Resource (CanVar) an online database which has been developed using the ExAC framework to provide open access to germline variant frequency data from the sequenced exomes of cancer patients. In its first release, CanVar catalogues the exomes of 1,006 familial early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) patients sequenced at The Institute of Cancer Research. It is anticipated that CanVar will host data for additional cancers, providing a resource for others studying cancer predisposition and an example of how the research community can utilise the ExAC framework to share sequencing data.
Body size attitudes and body image perception among preschool children and their parents: a preliminary study
Authors: Kościcka Katarzyna , Czepczor Kamila , Brytek-Matera Anna 
Published: December 2016

Aim of the studyto assess the attitudes towards the body among children and their parents, and to analyse the predictors of attitudes towards the body in both groups.Subject or material and methodsThe research sample:37 children from 3-7 years(M = 5.05; SD = 0.88)and 37 parents(Mage = 32.25; SD = 4.81).The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire 4, the Child Figure Arrays, and the Contour Drawing Rating Scale were used.Results75.68% of children chose the thin and average silhouettes for the most ideal body shape. The silhouette which children chose as the most undesirable was the children’s silhouette that indicated obesity (Nundesired_silhouette62.16%). We found the relationship between body dissatisfaction and thin ideal internalisation (r=0.627,p<0.001), muscular ideal internalisation (r=0.369,p<0.05), family pressure (r= 0.351, p<0.05), media pressure (r = 0.702, p<0.001), and peer pressure (r =0.428, p < 0.05) made parents wish to change their children’s’ body shape to change the body shape in parents. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression revealed that media pressure (β = 0.348, p < 0.05) and body dissatisfaction (β = 0.696, p < 0.01) among parents (F(4, 32) = 5.655; p < 0.01; R2adjusted = 0.205) were predictors of the ideal children’s silhouette. In addition, mediation analysis showed media pressure had mediated the relationship between parents’ body dissatisfaction and children’s ideal silhouette (F(2.34) = 5.66; p < 0.01).Discussion-ConclusionsBoth children and their parents preferred the slim silhouette. . There is a high risk that parents can model negative attitudes towards the body in their children. Therefore this should be considered in psychoeducational prevention programs.
Patients’ perceptions of treatment credibility and their relation to the outcome of group CBT for depression
Authors: Sochting Ingrid , Tsai Michelle , Ogrodniczuk John 
Published: December 2016

Aim of the studyWhile there has been some evidence supporting the relevance of patients’ perceptions of treatment credibility to the process and outcome of individual cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), its importance to group CBT remains unknown. Moreover, no studies to date have explored potential mechanisms through which perceived treatment credibility may contribute to therapeutic change.

To address this void, this pilot study investigated associations between patients’ perceptions of treatment credibility and outcome among psychiatric outpatients receiving group CBT for depression. A secondary aim was to determine whether the therapeutic alliance mediated the effect of credibility on treatment outcome.Subject or material and methodsConsecutively admitted outpatients (N=80) completed measures of credibility, alliance, and outcome.ResultsFindings indicated that higher ratings of credibility were associated with greater improvement in interpersonal problems, but were unrelated to changes in depression, anxiety, and quality of life. We did not find evidence for the alliance serving as a mediator. Yet, we found a direct relationship between credibility and alliance.DiscussionDepressed patients who perceive treatment to be more credible may be more likely to engage in meaningful exchanges with fellow group members, thus leading to improvement in interpersonal problems.ConclusionsIn a group context, there are many agents of influence, with the other group members, the therapist, and the group-as-a-whole each having some effect. This study has helped illuminate one aspect of the therapist's influence on the group, as perceived by patients.
Differential diagnosis of eating disorders with the use of classification trees (decision algorithm)
Authors: Izydorczyk Bernadetta , Wojciechowski Bartosz 
Published: December 2016

Aim of the studyThe aim of the study was to establish whether it is possible to make a correct diagnosis of various types of eating disorders, on the basis of measurements of only several variables.Subject or material and methodsA group of 213 females in the age range of 20 to 26 years of age underwent the study with the use of Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), Socio-cultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3, as well as the questionnaire for behaviour towards the body. Selection of dependent variable predictors of disease has been made. The classification tree has been developed.ResultsDifferential diagnosis in line with decision algorithm allows to establish a correct diagnosis for healthy individuals, in 100% of the cases, bulimia - in 78.72% of the cases, binge eating disorder - in 93.33% of the cases, and anorexia - in 86.36% of the cases.DiscussionResults indicate that the application of classification trees enables development of a decision algorithm and differential diagnosis of eating disorders. However, large sample is required for high predictive value of the decision tree. Therefore future research are necessary and decision algorithm should be verified on independent sampleConclusionsPsychological predictors of eating disorders may be arranged in the form of a classification tree. It is possible to make an accurate differential diagnosis of eating disorders on the basis of results of measurements of six variables.