bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating breast tumor blood flow during neoadjuvant chemotherapy using interleaved high temporal and high spatial resolution MRI
Authors: Georgiou Leonidas , Sharma Nisha , Broadbent David A. , Wilson Daniel J. , Dall Barbara J. , Gangi Anmol , Buckley David L. 
Published: April 2017

PurposeTo evaluate an interleaved MRI sampling strategy that acquires both high temporal resolution (HTR) dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) data for quantifying breast tumor blood flow (TBF) and high spatial resolution (HSR) DCE data for clinical reporting, following a single standard injection of contrast agent.MethodsA simulation study was used to evaluate the performance of the interleaved technique under different conditions. In a prospective clinical study, 18 patients with primary breast cancer, who were due to undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), were examined using interleaved HTR and HSR DCE‐MRI at 1.5 Tesla. Tumor regions of interest were analyzed with a two‐compartment tracer kinetic model. Paired parameters (n = 10) from the data acquired before and post–cycle 2 of NACT were compared using the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsSimulations demonstrated that TBF was reliably estimated using the proposed strategy. The region of interest analysis revealed significant changes in TBF (0.81–0.43 mL/min/mL; P = 0.002) following two cycles of NACT. The HSR data were reported in the normal way and enabled the assessment of tumor volume, which decreased by 53% following NACT (P = 0.065).ConclusionsTBF can be measured reliably using the proposed strategy without compromising a standard clinical protocol. Furthermore, in our feasibility study, TBF decreased significantly following NACT, whereas capillary permeability surface‐area product did not. Magn Reson Med 79:317–326, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Fetal cardiac cine imaging using highly accelerated dynamic MRI with retrospective motion correction and outlier rejection
Authors: van Amerom Joshua F.P. , Lloyd David F.A. , Price Anthony N. , Kuklisova Murgasova Maria , Aljabar Paul , Malik Shaihan J. , Lohezic Maelene , Rutherford Mary A. , Pushparajah Kuberan , Razavi Reza , Hajnal Joseph V. 
Published: April 2017

PurposeDevelopment of a MRI acquisition and reconstruction strategy to depict fetal cardiac anatomy in the presence of maternal and fetal motion.MethodsThe proposed strategy involves i) acquisition and reconstruction of highly accelerated dynamic MRI, followed by image‐based ii) cardiac synchronization, iii) motion correction, iv) outlier rejection, and finally v) cardiac cine reconstruction. Postprocessing entirely was automated, aside from a user‐defined region of interest delineating the fetal heart. The method was evaluated in 30 mid‐ to late gestational age singleton pregnancies scanned without maternal breath‐hold.ResultsThe combination of complementary acquisition/reconstruction and correction/rejection steps in the pipeline served to improve the quality of the reconstructed 2D cine images, resulting in increased visibility of small, dynamic anatomical features. Artifact‐free cine images successfully were produced in 36 of 39 acquired data sets; prolonged general fetal movements precluded processing of the remaining three data sets.ConclusionsThe proposed method shows promise as a motion‐tolerant framework to enable further detail in MRI studies of the fetal heart and great vessels. Processing data in image‐space allowed for spatial and temporal operations to be applied to the fetal heart in isolation, separate from extraneous changes elsewhere in the field of view. Magn Reson Med 79:327–338, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Nerve stepping stone has minimal impact in aiding regeneration across long acellular nerve allografts
Authors: Yan Ying , Hunter Daniel A. , Schellhardt Lauren , Ee Xueping , Snyder‐Warwick Alison K. , Moore Amy M. , Mackinnon Susan E. , Wood Matthew D. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) yield less consistent favorable outcomes compared with autografts for long gap reconstructions. We evaluated whether a hybrid ANA can improve 6‐cm gap reconstruction. Methods: Rat sciatic nerve was transected and repaired with either 6‐cm hybrid or control ANAs. Hybrid ANAs were generated using a 1‐cm cellular isograft between 2.5‐cm ANAs, whereas control ANAs had no isograft. Outcomes were assessed by graft gene and marker expression (n = 4; at 4 weeks) and motor recovery and nerve histology (n = 10; at 20 weeks). Results: Hybrid ANAs modified graft gene and marker expression and promoted modest axon regeneration across the 6‐cm defect compared with control ANA (P < 0.05), but yielded no muscle recovery. Control ANAs had no appreciable axon regeneration across the 6‐cm defect. Discussion: A hybrid ANA confers minimal motor recovery benefits for regeneration across long gaps. Clinically, the authors will continue to reconstruct long nerve gaps with autografts. Muscle Nerve 57: 260–267, 2018
Auf die Tube drücken
Authors: Leusmann Eliza 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFrüher nur in Autoreifen, heute auch im Mund: Seit einiger Zeit sind Zahncremes mit Kohlenstoff als aktiver Substanz auf dem Markt. Was es sonst noch an ungewöhnlichen Stoffen in Zahnpasta gibt und wie nützlich sie sind.
Phosphor, von rot bis Doppelhelix
Authors: Utrap André , Nilges Tom 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDurch Reaktionen zwischen Festkörper und Gasphase lassen sich Phosphorverbindungen kinetisch kontrolliert herstellen. Deren Strukturen reichen von molekular über Schichten bis zu Spiralen. Daraus resultieren interessante physikalische Eigenschaften: Sie sind Supraleiter oder lassen sich um 180 ° biegen.
Eine Universität im Aufbruch
Authors: Astafyeva Yekaterina , Seitmagzimova Galina , Lang Heinrich 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDie staatliche Universität im südkasachischen Shymkent sucht Anschluss an internationale Standards und hat deswegen in den letzten Jahren in die Forschungsinfrastruktur investiert, vor allem in Chemie.
Chemiedidakitik: Bubble‐Tea‐Bällchen statt Kolben
Authors: Ducci Matthias 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBei Schulversuchen laufen chemische Reaktionen gewöhnlich in Reagenz‐ oder Bechergläsern ab. Doch auch Alginatkugeln sind reizvolle Reaktionsgefäße: Donor‐Akzeptor‐Reaktionen, bei denen sich die Farbe ändert, lassen sich in diesen durchsichtigen Kügelchen besonders gut beobachten.
Süß oder bitter – Steviolglycoside bestimmen
Authors: Vosskötter Stefan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIm Gegensatz zu den künstlichen Süßungsmitteln Aspartam und Saccharin ist Stevia ein Stoffgemisch pflanzlicher Herkunft. Der Extrakt enthält Steviolglycoside, die 450‐mal süßer sind als Zucker. Allerdings schmecken einige Komponenten bitter.
Why asymptotic limit of the acid dissolution capacity can lead to a sharp dissolution front in chemical dissolution of porous rocks?
Authors: Zhao Chongbin , Hobbs B.E. , Ord A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe use of the asymptotic limit can greatly simplify the theoretical analysis of chemical dissolution front instabilities in fluid‐saturated rocks and therefore make it possible to obtain mathematical solutions, which often play a crucial role in understanding the propagation behavior of chemical dissolution fronts in chemical dissolution systems. However, there has been a debate in recent years that the asymptotic limit of the acid dissolution capacity (i.e., the acid dissolution capacity number approaching zero) alone cannot lead to a sharp dissolution front of the Stefan type in the acidization dissolution system, in which the dissolvable minerals of carbonate rocks are chemically dissolved by the injected acid flow. The acid dissolution capacity number is commonly defined as the ratio of the volume of the carbonate rock dissolved by an acid to that of the acid. In this paper, we use four different proof methods, including (i) direct use of the fundamental concepts; (ii) use of the mathematical governing equations of an acidization dissolution system; (iii) use of the different time scaling approach; and (iv) use of a moving coordinate system approach, to demonstrate that the asymptotic limit of the acid dissolution capacity can indeed lead to sharp dissolution fronts of the Stefan type in acidization dissolution systems on a much larger time scale (than the dissolution time scale). Our new finding is that on the reaction time scale, the condition of the conventional time derivative of porosity approaching zero alone can ensure that the acidization dissolution front has a sharp shape of the Stefan type. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Image‐based model reconstruction and meshing of woven reinforcements in composites
Authors: Madra Anna , Breitkopf Piotr , Rassineux Alain , Trochu François 
Published: April 2017

SummaryA method based on dual kriging is proposed to process X‐ray microtomographic scans of textile composites in order to construct a 3D representation of the fiber architecture with a regulated level of details. The geometry is optimized by using the curvature energy of fiber tow profiles in order to determine the best discretization scheme; then the nugget effect is applied in kriging to smooth the outward surface of fiber tows. This approach allows creating 3D models of variable resolution ranging from the X‐ray scan level to geometric representations with surface meshes required for numerical simulation. The method is applied to a glass fiber textile laminate embedded in a thermoplastic matrix, and preliminary results for the estimation of the local permeability of the fiber tows are presented. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
External validation of a nomogram for identification of pathologically favorable disease in intermediate risk prostate cancer patients
Authors: Beauval Jean‐Baptiste , Cabarrou Bastien , Gandaglia Giorgio , Patard Pierre‐Marie , Ouzzane Adil , de la Taille Alexandre , Soulié Michel , Briganti Alberto , Ploussard Guillaume , Rozet François , Roumiguié Mathieu 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVETo establish an external validation of the new nomogram from Gandaglia et al which provides estimates of the probability of pathological favorable disease in pre‐operatively defined intermediate‐risk PCa.PATIENTS AND METHODSOverall, 2928 intermediate‐risk PCa patients according to the D'Amico classification undergoing RP and bilateral lymph node dissection in seven academic centres between 2000 and 2011. Pathologically favorable PCa was defined as low‐grade organ‐confined disease. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was obtained to quantify the overall accuracy (Area Under the Curve, AUC) of the model to predict specimen‐confined (SC) disease. Calibration curve was then constructed to illustrate the relationship between the risk‐estimates obtained by the model and the observed proportion of SC disease. Kaplan‐Meier method was used for PSA recurrence‐free survival (PSA‐RFS) assessment.RESULTSMedian age was 68 years. 10.6% patients finally presented pathologically favorable disease characteristics at RP. A higher PSAD (OR = 0.01; 95%CI = 0.00‐0.04; P < 0.0001) and percentage of positive cores (OR = 0.97; 95%CI = 0.96‐0.98; P < 0.0001) were associated with a reduced probability of favorable disease at RP in multivariate analysis. ROC curve analysis showed strongest accuracy of the model (AUC = 0.82; 95%CI = 0.79‐0.84). Favorable PCa had a significantly better PSA recurrence‐free survival rates as compared to unfavorable PCa after RP (94.2% vs 74.4% at 4 years, P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSThis external validation of the Gandaglia nomogram shows relevant accuracy with one out of ten patients in this intermediate risk PCa group with pathologically proven organ‐confined disease. This validated risk calculator can help physician to distinguish favorable intermediate risk PCa that can be treated by conservative approach or safer nerve‐sparing surgery.
Insights into the transmembrane helix associations of kit ligand by molecular dynamics simulation and TOXCAT
Authors: Chai Mengya , Liu Bo , Sun Fude , Wei Peng , Chen Peng , Xu Lida , Luo Shi‐Zhong 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTKit ligand (KITL) plays important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival via interaction with its receptor Kit. The previous studies demonstrated that KITL formed a noncovalent homodimer through transmembrane (TM) domain; however, the undergoing mechanism of transmembrane association that determines KITL TM dimerization is still not clear. Herein, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation strategy and TOXCAT assay were combined to characterize the dimerization interface and structure of KITL TM in details. KITL TM formed a more energetically favorable noncovalent dimer through a conserved SxxxGxxxG motif in the MD simulation. Furthermore, the TOXCAT results demonstrated that KITL TM self‐associated strongly in the bilayer membrane environment. Mutating any one of the small residues Ser11, Gly15 or Gly19 to Ile disrupted KITL TM dimerization dramatically, which further validated our MD simulation results. In addition, our results showed that Tyr22 could help to stabilize the TM interactions via interacting with the phosphoric group in the bilayer membrane. Pro7 did not induce helix kinks or swivel angles in KITL TM, but it was related with the pitch of the turn around this residue so as to affect the dimer formation. Combining the results of computer modeling and experimental mutagenesis studies on the KITL TM provide new insights for the transmembrane helix association of KITL dimerization. Proteins 2017; 85:1362–1370. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic diversity of Diaphorina citri and its endosymbionts across east and south‐east Asia
Authors: Wang Yanjing , Xu Changbao , Tian Mingyi , Deng Xiaoling , Cen Yijing , He Yurong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiaphorina citri is the vector of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, the most widespread pathogen associated huanglongbing, the most serious disease of citrus. To enhance our understanding of the distribution and origin of the psyllid, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structures of 24 populations in Asia and one from Florida based on the mtCOI gene. Simultaneously, genetic diversity and population structures of the primary endosymbiont (P‐endosymbiont) ‘Candidatus Carsonella ruddii’ and secondary endosymbiont (S‐endosymbiont) ‘Candidatus Profftella armatura’ of D. citri were determined with the housekeeping genes.RESULTAMOVA analysis indicated that populations of D. citri and its endosymbionts in east and south‐east Asia were genetically distinct from populations in Pakistan and Florida. Furthermore, P‐endosymbiont populations displayed a strong geographical structure across east and south‐east Asia, while low genetic diversity indicated the absence of genetic structure among the populations of D. citri and its S‐endosymbiont across these regions.CONCLUSIONThe ‘Ca. C. ruddii’ is more diverse and structured than the D. citri and the ‘Ca. P. armatura’ across east and south‐east Asia. Multiple introductions of the psyllid have occurred in China. Management application for controlling the pest is proposed based on the genetic information of D. citri and its endosymbionts. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Relationship Trajectories, Living Arrangements, and International Migration Among Ghanaians
Authors: Caarls Kim , de Valk Helga A.G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDespite the linked nature of life events, the existing literature mainly analyses union formation, living arrangements, and international migration separately. In this paper we explore how Ghanaian couples' relationship trajectories are related to international migration. Data come from the Migration between Africa and Europe‐Ghana survey (n = 868) and capture unique retrospective life histories of Ghanaians between age 21 and 35 (migrants and non‐migrants), enabling us to analyse relationship histories and their development over time in a context of international migration while taking the socio‐cultural practice of non‐residential unions into account. We applied sequence analyses to describe trajectories and optimal matching to identify clusters of typical trajectories. Using multinomial logit models, we investigated the association between migration and the four identified relationship paths.Our results show that relationships and living arrangements evolve in a wide variety of ways, underlining the importance of a dynamic approach. The complexity in relationship trajectories is reflected in the four typical clusters that captured this diversity in a more simplified way: (1) co‐residential marriages; (2) singles; (3) mixed trajectories; and (4) non‐residential marriages. Our results further suggest that socialisation and disruption of family behaviours are both occurring among migrants. We also found that non‐residential unions are commonplace among migrants and non‐migrants alike, demonstrating that this living arrangement is not necessarily related to international migration. However, non‐residential relationships are most common among migrants, and migrant women in particular. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A single port surgical robot system with novel elbow joint mechanism for high force transmission
Authors: Hwang Minho , Yang Un‐Je , Kong Deokyoo , Chung Deok Gyoon , Lim June‐gi , Lee Dong‐Ho , Kim Daniel H. , Shin Dongsuk , Jang Taeho , Kim Jeong‐Whun , Kwon Dong‐Soo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundDespite its evident clinical benefits, single‐incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) imposes inherent limitations of collision between external arms and inadequate triangulation because multiple instruments are inserted through a single port at the same time.MethodsA robot platform appropriate for SILS was developed wherein an elbowed instrument can be equipped to easily create surgical triangulation without the interference of robot arms. A novel joint mechanism for a surgical instrument actuated by a rigid link was designed for high torque transmission capability.ResultsThe feasibility and effectiveness of the robot was checked through three kinds of preliminary tests: payload, block transfer, and ex vivo test. Measurements showed that the proposed robot has a payload capability >15 N with 7 mm diameter.ConclusionsThe proposed robot is effective and appropriate for SILS, overcoming inadequate triangulation and improving workspace and traction force capability.
Is human chorionic gonadotropin supplementation beneficial for frozen and thawed embryo transfer in estrogen/progesterone replacement cycles?: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Shiotani Masahide , Matsumoto Yukiko , Okamoto Eri , Yamada Satoshi , Mizusawa Yuri , Furuhashi Kohyu , Ogata Hiromi , Ogata Seiji , Kokeguchi Shoji 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimHuman chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is used frequently for luteal support in fresh in vitro fertilization cycles as it induces progesterone secretion from the ovaries after oocyte retrieval and modulates the endometrium for implantation in fresh cycles. In contrast, hCG is not usually used for the transfer of cryopreserved‐thawed embryos in estrogen/progesterone replacement cycles because ovulation is suppressed. However, several studies have shown that luteinizing hormone and hCG receptors are present in the human endometrium and that hCG can directly induce the decidualization of endometrial stromal cells in vitro. Thus, this study evaluated whether hCG supplementation can be beneficial for cryopreserved‐thawed embryo transfer in estrogen/progesterone replacement cycles.MethodsOne‐hundred‐and seventy‐three cryopreserved‐thawed embryo transfer cycles with estrogen/progesterone replacement were divided randomly into two groups. Transdermal oestradiol was used in combination with vaginal progesterone suppositories for HR. The embryo transfer was performed on day 17 and/or day 20 of the HR therapy cycle in both groups. In Group A, 3000 IU of hCG was administered on days 17, 20, and 23. In Group B, hCG was not used.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the average age of the patients, the average number of previous assisted reproductive technology cycles, or the average number of embryo transfers between the two groups. The rates of pregnancy and implantation per embryo were 37.2% and 25.3%, respectively, in Group A and 35.6% and 21.7%, respectively, in Group B. The pregnancy and implantation rates were similar in both groups.ConclusionSupplementation with hCG is not beneficial for cryopreserved‐thawed embryo transfer in estrogen/progesterone replacement cycles.
Genetic risk of Klinefelter's syndrome in assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Miki Tamito , Nagayoshi Motoi , Takemoto Yoichi , Yamaguchi Takashi , Takeda Satoru , Watanabe Seiji , Tanaka Atsushi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThe main cause of Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) has been believed to be XY sperm. Accordingly, in the intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment of patients with KS, hereditary KS has been a concern. Therefore, this study attempted to estimate the risk before and after the assisted reproductive technology.MethodsFirst, in order to validate the safety of the gametes of the patients with KS, a fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, following an original cell identification method using 1052 testicular gametes of 30 patients, was conducted. Second, in the resultant 45 babies, cytogenetic and physical–cognitive screening data were analyzed. In addition, a first attempt was conducted to investigate the origin of the extra X chromosome in 11 patients with KS by using 12 X‐chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) analysis in order to estimate the paternal contribution to KS.ResultsNo sex chromosomally abnormal gamete was found in the FISH analysis and the babies were normal genetically, physically, and cognitively. In the STR, it was confirmed that most (7/11) of the patients with KS resulted from the fertilization of the XX oocytes, suggesting that a baby with KS that had been reported previously might not have resulted from XY sperm.ConclusionThese results indicate that the risk of assisted reproductive technology for patients with KS is not as high as previously expected.