bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Action spectrum of melanoblast maturation and involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Authors: Nakamura Motoki , Nishida Emi , Morita Akimichi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates melanocyte activation and skin tanning. We hypothesized that the AHR also mediates melanoblast‐to‐melanocyte maturation. In a cloned cell line, NCCmelb4, derived from mouse neural crest cells, we investigated AHR expression in melanoblasts stimulated by UV irradiation and AHR agonists. We irradiated the cells with UV, ranging from 280 to 380 nm in 10‐nm increments, using a multiwavelength irradiation spectral apparatus. Tyrosinase expression significantly increased with bimodal peaks at 310 and 360 nm. Although melanoblast activation peaked 48 hours after irradiation, the most suitable irradiation interval was 24 hours. AHR expression significantly increased at 360 nm, but not at 310 nm. The AHR agonist, VAF347, and water‐soluble tobacco smoke extract induced melanoblast maturation and AHR activation. The culture supernatant derived from the NS47 fibroblast cell line also induced melanoblast maturation and AHR activation. These findings suggest that UV and environmental stimulation of melanoblast‐to‐melanocyte maturation are enhanced via the AHR pathway.
The temporal structure of the environment may influence range expansions during climate warming
Authors: Fey Samuel B. , Wieczynski Daniel J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the processes that influence range expansions during climate warming is paramount for predicting population extirpations and preparing for the arrival of non‐native species. While climate warming occurs over a background of variation due to cyclical processes and irregular events, the temporal structure of the thermal environment is largely ignored when forecasting the dynamics of non‐native species. Ecological theory predicts that high levels of temporal autocorrelation in the environment – relatedness between conditions occurring in close temporal proximity – will favor populations that would otherwise have an average negative growth rate by increasing the duration of favorable environmental periods. Here, we invoke such theory to explain the success of biological invasions and evaluate the hypothesis that sustained periods of high environmental temperature can act synergistically with increases in mean temperature to favor the establishment of non‐native species. We conduct a 60‐day field mesocosm experiment to measure the population dynamics of the non‐native cladoceran zooplankter Daphnia lumholtzi and a native congener Daphnia pulex in ambient temperature environments (control), warmed with recurrent periods of high environmental temperatures (uncorrelated‐warmed), or warmed with sustained periods of high environmental temperatures (autocorrelated‐warmed), such that both warmed treatments exhibited the same mean temperature but exhibited different temporal structures of their thermal environments. Maximum D. lumholtzi densities in the warmed‐autocorrelated treatment were threefold and eightfold higher relative to warmed‐uncorrelated and control treatments, respectively. Yet, D. lumholtzi performed poorly across all experimental treatments relative to D. pulex and were undetectable by the end of the experiment. Using mathematical models, we show that this increase in performance can occur alongside increasing temporal autocorrelation and should occur over a broad range of warming scenarios. These results provide both empirical and theoretical evidence that the temporal structure of the environment can influence the performance of species undergoing range expansions due to climate warming.
Application of the metabolic scaling theory and water–energy balance equation to model large‐scale patterns of maximum forest canopy height
Authors: Choi Sungho , Kempes Christopher P. , Park Taejin , Ganguly Sangram , Wang Weile , Xu Liang , Basu Saikat , Dungan Jennifer L. , Simard Marc , Saatchi Sassan S. , Piao Shilong , Ni Xiliang , Shi Yuli , Cao Chunxiang , Nemani Ramakrishna R. , Knyazikhin Yuri , Myneni Ranga B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimForest height, an important biophysical property, underlies the distribution of carbon stocks across scales. Because in situ observations are labour intensive and thus impractical for large‐scale mapping and monitoring of forest heights, most previous studies adopted statistical approaches to help alleviate measured data discontinuity in space and time. Here, we document an improved modelling approach which links metabolic scaling theory and the water–energy balance equation with actual observations in order to produce large‐scale patterns of forest heights.MethodsOur model, called allometric scaling and resource limitations (ASRL), accounts for the size‐dependent metabolism of trees whose maximum growth is constrained by local resource availability. Geospatial predictors used in the model are altitude and monthly precipitation, solar radiation, temperature, vapour pressure and wind speed. Disturbance history (i.e. stand age) is also incorporated to estimate contemporary forest heights.ResultsThis study provides a baseline map (c. 2005; 1‐km2 grids) of forest heights over the contiguous United States. The Pacific Northwest/California is predicted as the most favourable region for hosting large trees (c. 100 m) because of sufficient annual precipitation (> 1400 mm), moderate solar radiation (c. 330 W m−2) and temperature (c. 14 °C). Our results at sub‐regional level are generally in good and statistically significant (P‐value < 0.001) agreement with independent reference datasets: field measurements [mean absolute error (MAE) = 4.0 m], airborne/spaceborne lidar (MAE = 7.0 m) and an existing global forest height product (MAE = 4.9 m). Model uncertainties at county level are also discussed in this study.Main conclusionsWe improved the metabolic scaling theory to address variations in vertical forest structure due to ecoregion and plant functional type. A clear mechanistic understanding embedded within the model allowed synergistic combinations between actual observations and multiple geopredictors in forest height mapping. This approach shows potential for prognostic applications, unlike previous statistical approaches.
The condom imperative in anal sex – one size may not fit all: a qualitative descriptive study of men who have sex with men
Authors: Neville Stephen , Adams Jeffery , Moorley Calvin , Jackson Debra 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore men who have sex with men's views about condom use when having anal intercourse.BackgroundInternationally, health promotion campaigns use behavioural change strategies to support men who have sex with men to always use condoms when having anal sex with other men. The health promotion message given to this group is consistent and explicitly stated that ‘use a condom every time for anal sex regardless of relationship status’.DesignQualitative analysis of data from a cohort of New Zealand men who have sex with men.MethodsA total of 960 useable questionnaires were completed: 571 online and 389 in hard copy. Qualitative data were analysed using a thematic data analytic process.ResultsThree themes relating to condom use in men who have sex with men were identified. These are as follows: ‘Safer sex is good sex’, ‘Condom use is good but …’ and ‘I use condoms sometimes’.ConclusionsThe range of responses towards condom use for anal sex in men who have sex with men in our sample reveal this as a complex public health issue, with not all men who have sex with men willing to consistently use condoms.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is important that nurses do not assume that all men who have sex with men are willing to use condoms for anal sex, and should create opportunities for men who have sex with men to raise any concerns about the use of condoms. In this way, nurses can assist in providing information that may help men who have sex with men to make decisions that will minimise risk of contracting infections associated with sexual activity.
Reproducibility of coffee quality cupping scores delivered by cupping centers in Ethiopia
Authors: Worku Mohammed , Duchateau Luc , Boeckx Pascal 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe reproducibility of cupping scores for 30 coffee samples from eastern, southern and southwestern origins in Ethiopia was evaluated by comparing absolute differences within and between nine cuppers, three Ethiopia Commodity Exchange (ECX) cupping centers (Jimma, Awassa, Dire Dawa) and three coffee origins. Additionally, the correlation between cupping scores of an exporter (ECX) and an importer (EFICO Agency SA) was evaluated based on 70 coffee samples from five different origins. Differences in ECX cupping score variability were generally observed for all studied quality attributes. Variability was higher between than within cuppers. Furthermore, particular high variable scores were observed for the Dire Dawa cupping center and for some attributes of the southwestern coffee origin. However, the average absolute difference for total cup quality was small (ca. 3 on a 100 scale), which indicates that cupping scores by the ECX are sufficiently reproducible to allow reliable coffee quality grading. However, no correlation was observed between cupping scores of the exporter and importer, which indicates a lack of interchangeability between grading data produced by both actors.Practical applicationsTesting and grading of the quality of green coffee beans by the Ethiopia Commodity Exchange cupping centers is fairly reliable. However, the exporter quality scores and grades can most likely not be used interchangeably with those of an importer.
Effect of Dietary Estradiol‐17β on the Feminization of Silver Perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell, 1838)
Authors: Sulaeman  , Fotedar Ravi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell 1838), displays sexual dimorphism in size, with females reaching larger maximum size than males. In an attempt to produce all‐female populations, larvae at 30 d posthatching were fed an estradiol‐17β (E2) diet at dosages of 0, 60, and 120 mg/kg for 30 d. Histological examination of gonads revealed that all E2‐supplemented diets resulted in significantly higher (P < 0.05) feminization rates (97.22–100%) than did the control (39.69%) but with no difference between the two E2 diets (P > 0.05). Female and male gonads were observed in fish fed the 60 mg E2/kg diet. No significant differences were observed in the survival rate, weight gain, gonad weight and length, specific growth rate (SGR), or gonadosomatic indexes, except for gonad length and SGR at the end of the experiment. Although the ovary length of fish fed the 60 mg E2/kg diet was significantly shorter than that of the control groups, no abnormalities were detected. In contrast, fish fed 120 mg E2/kg grew faster than the other fish and showed sexual dimorphism. Our results suggest that supplementation of E2 at 60–120 mg/kg diet could be applied to establish all‐female populations of silver perch.
The biogeography of kin discrimination across microbial neighbourhoods
Authors: Kraemer Susanne A. , Wielgoss Sébastien , Fiegna Francesca , Velicer Gregory J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe spatial distribution of potential interactants is critical to social evolution in all cooperative organisms. Yet the biogeography of microbial kin discrimination at the scales most relevant to social interactions is poorly understood. Here we resolve the microbiogeography of social identity and genetic relatedness in local populations of the model cooperative bacterium Myxococcus xanthus at small spatial scales, across which the potential for dispersal is high. Using two criteria of relatedness—colony‐merger compatibility during cooperative motility and DNA‐sequence similarity at highly polymorphic loci—we find that relatedness decreases greatly with spatial distance even across the smallest scale transition. Both social relatedness and genetic relatedness are maximal within individual fruiting bodies at the micrometre scale but are much lower already across adjacent fruiting bodies at the millimetre scale. Genetic relatedness was found to be yet lower among centimetre‐scale samples, whereas social allotype relatedness decreased further only at the metre scale, at and beyond which the probability of social or genetic identity among randomly sampled isolates is effectively zero. Thus, in M. xanthus, high‐relatedness patches form a rich mosaic of diverse social allotypes across fruiting body neighbourhoods at the millimetre scale and beyond. Individuals that migrate even short distances across adjacent groups will frequently encounter allotypic conspecifics and territorial kin discrimination may profoundly influence the spatial dynamics of local migration. Finally, we also found that the phylogenetic scope of intraspecific biogeographic analysis can affect the detection of spatial structure, as some patterns evident in clade‐specific analysis were masked by simultaneous analysis of all strains.
Detrimental effects of melanocortin‐1 receptor (MC1R) variants on the clinical outcomes of BRAF V600 metastatic melanoma patients treated with BRAF inhibitors
Authors: Guida Michele , Strippoli Sabino , Ferretta Anna , Bartolomeo Nicola , Porcelli Letizia , Maida Immacolata , Azzariti Amalia , Tommasi Stefania , Grieco Claudia , Guida Stefania , Albano Anna , Lorusso Vito , Guida Gabriella 
Published: August 2016

SummaryMelanocortin‐1 receptor (MC1R) plays a key role in skin pigmentation, and its variants are linked with a higher melanoma risk. The influence of MC1R variants on the outcomes of patients with metastatic melanoma (MM) treated with BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) is unknown. We studied the MC1R status in a cohort of 53 consecutive BRAF‐mutated patients with MM treated with BRAFi. We also evaluated the effect of vemurafenib in four V600BRAF melanoma cell lines with/without MC1R variants.We found a significant correlation between the presence of MC1R variants and worse outcomes in terms of both overall response rate (ORR; 59% versus 95%, P = 0.011 univariate, P = 0.028 multivariate analysis) and progression‐free survival (PFS) shorter than 6 months (72% versus 33%, P = 0.012 univariate, P = 0.027 multivariate analysis). No difference in overall survival (OS) was reported, probably due to subsequent treatments. Data in vitro showed a significant different phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and p38 MAPK during treatment, associated with a greater increase in vemurafenib IC50 in MC1R variant cell lines.
Adverse effects of imatinib in children with chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Choeyprasert Worawut , Yansomdet Thitinun , Natesirinilkul Rungrote , Wejaphikul Karn , Charoenkwan Pimlak 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundImatinib mesylate (IM) is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor and is approved for indefinite treatment of pediatric chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Potential side‐effects regarding growth failure and bone metabolism have been reported but data are still scarce in pediatric CML.MethodsSix chronic‐phase CML children on IM treatment with a median age of 9.87 years (range, 5.33–12.67 years) were enrolled in the study. Growth, bone mineral density (BMD), bone parameters, 25(OH)‐vitamin D3 (25‐OHD3) and blood tests including parathyroid hormone, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), IGF binding protein 3, thyroid function test and sex hormones were assessed.ResultsMedian duration of IM treatment was 78.5 months. Height velocity was suppressed during the first 30 months of treatment and improved gradually afterwards. Two patients (33.3%) had decreased lumbar spine BMD z‐scores (<1.5 SD). Patients with decreased BMD had higher mean IM exposure time than those with normal BMD. The majority of patients (n = 5) had low 25‐OHD3 (<30 ng/mL), but there was no correlation between BMD and 25‐OHD3 status. Other blood tests were normal.ConclusionsThis study supports and confirms the need for monitoring the side‐effects of IM treatment on growth, bone density and vitamin D status in pediatric CML. Prolonged IM treatment was associated with low BMD without disturbing bone parameters. There was high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency. Therefore, the beneficial effect of vitamin D supplement should be explored with regard to the effects on height velocity and BMD in CML patients with vitamin D insufficiency.
Morphologically tortured: taxonomic placement of an Antarctic springtail (Collembola: Isotomidae) misguided by morphology and ecology
Authors: Stevens Mark I. , D'Haese Cyrille A. 
Published: August 2016

An endemic springtail from northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, was recently moved from Desoria to the new genus Chionobora, erected for a new species C. amila from lakes in the central highland plateau of Tasmania. This new combination for klovstadi was based on characters similar to both species (although not definitive) and an apparent preference for aquatic habitats. Here we show that neither of these inferences are valid. We sampled from two lake localities to obtain C. amila, and in doing so, we describe its habitat as riparian, not aquatic. We compared specimens of C. amila with klovstadi within a phylogeny using three genes (mtDNA COI, 18S rDNA, D1‐D5 of 28S rDNA) for 59 Isotominae terminals. We show that klovstadi is not closely related to the genus Chionobora that has closest affinities to the genus Isotomurus. As previously identified, klovstadi has no close affinities to any existing genus in Isotominae. Based on additional ecological, morphological and molecular evidence, we erect a new genus for klovstadi, Kaylathalia gen. n.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Agricultural, Host-Associated
Campylobacter coli
and
Campylobacter jejuni
Strains
Authors: Dutta Vikrant , Altermann Eric , Olson Jonathan , Wray Gregory Allan , Siletzky Robin M. , Kathariou Sophia 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

We report here the genome sequences of four agricultural, multidrug-resistant
Campylobacter
spp.:
C. coli
11601 and
C. jejuni
11601MD, isolated from turkey cecum and jejunum, respectively, and
C. coli
6067 and
C. coli
6461, isolated from turkey-house water and swine feces, respectively. The genomes provide insights on
Campylobacter
antimicrobial resistance and host adaptations.
Ab initio investigation of the electronic, lattice dynamic and thermodynamic properties of ScCd intermetallic alloy
Authors: Adetunji B. I. , Olayinka A. S. , Fashae J. B. , Ozebo V. C. 
Published: August 2016

The electronic structures, lattice dynamics and thermodynamic properties of rare-earth intermetallic ScCd alloy are studied by the first-principles plane-wave pseudopotential method within the generalized gradient approximation in the framework of density functional pertubation theory. The band structure, density of states, phonon dispersion frequencies, vibrational free energy [Formula: see text], specific heat capacity [Formula: see text] and entropy are studied between 0 K and 1500 K. Finally, using the calculated phonon density of states, the thermodynamic properties are determined within the quasi-harmonic approximation and a value of 47.9 (J/mol⋅K) at 300 K for specific heat capacity of ScCd is predicted.
Harnessing the Power of Cruciferous Vegetables: Developing a Biomarker for Brassica Vegetable Consumption Using Urinary 3,3′-Diindolylmethane
Authors: Fujioka Naomi , Ransom Benjamin W. , Carmella Steven G. , Upadhyaya Pramod , Lindgren Bruce R. , Roper-Batker Astia , Hatsukami Dorothy K. , Fritz Vincent A. , Rohwer Charles , Hecht Stephen S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Glucobrassicin in Brassica vegetables gives rise to indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a compound with potent anticancer effects in preclinical models. We previously showed that the urinary metabolite 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) could discriminate between volunteers fed high and low doses of Brassica vegetables. However, the quantitative relationship between glucobrassicin exposure and urinary DIM level is unclear. We conducted a clinical trial to examine the hypotheses that a range of glucobrassicin exposure from Brassica vegetables is reflected in urinary DIM and that this effect plateaus. Forty-five subjects consumed vegetables, a mixture of brussels sprouts and/or cabbage, at one of seven discrete dose levels of glucobrassicin ranging from 25 to 500 μmol, once daily for 2 consecutive days. All urine was collected for 24 hours after each vegetable-eating session. Urinary DIM was measured using our published liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry-selected reaction monitoring (LC/ESI-MS/MS-SRM) method. Urinary DIM excretion increased predictably with increasing glucobrassicin dose and plateaued between 200 and 300 μmol of glucobrassicin. The association between glucobrassicin dose and urinary DIM was strong and positive (R2 = 0.68). The majority of DIM was excreted in the first 12 hours after vegetable consumption. We conclude that urinary DIM is a reliable biomarker of glucobrassicin exposure and I3C uptake and that feeding glucobrassicin beyond 200 μmol did not consistently lead to more urinary DIM, suggesting a plateau in potential chemopreventive benefit. Cancer Prev Res; 9(10); 788–93. ©2016 AACR.
Peripheral blood CD34+ cells efficiently engraft human cytokine knock-in mice
Authors: Saito Yasuyuki , Ellegast Jana M. , Rafiei Anahita , Song Yuanbin , Kull Daniel , Heikenwalder Mathias , Rongvaux Anthony , Halene Stephanie , Flavell Richard A. , Manz Markus G. 
Published: August 2016

Key Points
Human cytokine knock-in mice are improved in vivo models for multilineage engraftment of mobilized PB CD34+ cells. Humanized mouse models might open new avenues for personalized studies of human pathophysiology of the hematopoietic and immune system.
Practice and Outcomes of the Perioperative Surgical Home in a California Integrated Delivery System
Authors: Qiu Chunyuan , Cannesson Maxime , Morkos Atef , Nguyen Vu T. , LaPlace Diana , Trivedi Narendra S. , Khachatourians Armond , Rinehart Joseph , Kain Zeev N. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:
In this article, we report on the implementation and impact of a Perioperative Surgical Home (PSH) model for the total knee arthroplasty at an integrated delivery system (Kaiser Permanente).

METHODS:
A multidisciplinary committee developed and implemented a series of PSH protocols that included the entire continuum of care from the decision for surgery until 30 days after surgery. Five hundred forty-six subjects were included in the preimplementation phase (Fast Track [T-fast]), and 518 patients were included in the postimplementation phase (PSH). The primary end points of this report are hospital length of stay (LOS), postoperative skilled nursing facility (SNF) bypass rate, and 30-day readmission rate. We used a generalized linear model to assess the effect on LOS while adjusting for potential confounding variables.

RESULTS:
We found that patients assigned to the PSH pathway had a significantly shorter mean LOS compared with patients in the T-fast group (2.4 ± 2.1 days [confidence interval {CI}, 2.2–2.8] vs 3.4 ± 2.9 days [CI, 2.9–3.9]). The SNF bypass rate was significantly higher in the PSH group compared with the T-fast group (94% vs 80%, P = 0.00002, CI, −0.102 to −0.036). There was no difference in the 30 readmission rates between patients managed in the PSH track and the T-fast track (1.2% vs 0.98%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Introduction of the PSH into an integrated delivery system resulted in a simultaneous reduction of LOS and SNF admission for total knee arthroplasty patients.