bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Private Companies and the Transfer of Data to Law Enforcement Authorities
Authors: De Busser Els 
Published: February 2017

The need for law enforcement authorities cooperating with private companies is not new. Personal data retained by private companies can be necessary for the purpose of preventing, detecting, investigating and prosecuting criminal offences. Besides issues with purpose limitation and retention periods, companies are developing products that aim to protect citizens' privacy and data by using encrypted software and building personal servers. Such products are good news for law-abiding citizens who are concerned with the protection of their personal data and privacy. Such products however also protect data that are part of criminal offences such as child sexual exploitation and terrorism, making it difficult for law enforcement authorities to access these data for the purpose of preventing, investigating or prosecuting these criminal offences. Thus, essential questions are how law enforcement authorities should approach this additional challenge on the one hand and how legislators should react to this on the other hand.
Characteristics of patients seen by visiting psychiatrists through Medicare in a rural community mental health service with an established telemedicine service
Authors: Bidargaddi Niranjan , Schrader Geoffrey , Smith David , Carson Dean , Strobel Jörg 
Published: February 2017

Objective: We aimed to determine characteristics of patients receiving Medicare-funded face-to-face consultations by psychiatrists in a rural service with an established telemedicine service. Methods: For this study, 55 case-managed patients from four rural community mental health teams in South Australia provided information through questionnaires regarding psychological symptoms, quality of life, body mass index (BMI) and gave access to their Medicare data. Results: In a logistic regression, it was found that being younger was more likely associated with a Medicare psychiatric consultation ( p<0.05). Participants with at least one recorded visit to a Medicare psychiatrist consultation also tended to have lower levels of psychological distress at the end of the 4-year period, have a higher BMI, and more general practitioner consultations. Conclusion: The study provides clinicians and policy makers with preliminary information on the subtle differences in clinical profile of patients seen by Medicare-funded psychiatrists within an established state-managed telepsychiatry service.
Effects of castration on penile extracellular matrix morphology in domestic cats
Authors: Borges Nathalia CS , Pereira-Sampaio Marco A , Pereira Vivian Alves , Abidu-Figueiredo Marcelo , Chagas Maurício Alves 
Published: February 2017

Objectives This study was undertaken to verify the possible modifications caused by hormonal deprivation in the extracellular matrix in the penises of neutered cats. Methods Twenty-seven penises from domestic shorthair cats were collected: 14 samples from intact cats and 13 from neutered cats. Sections were stained with Weigert’s resorcin-fuchsin, hematoxylin and eosin, and picrosirius red. Histomorphometric analysis was performed using light microscopy and image analysis software. The following parameters were analyzed: density of the elastic fibers and collagen fibers in the corpus spongiosum; density of the elastic fibers in the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum and the tunica albuginea of the corpus spongiosum; luminal area of the urethra; area of the corpus spongiosum; area of the corpus cavernosum; and thickness of the urethral epithelium. The data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test to verify the normal distribution, and groups were compared using Student’s t-test; P <0.05 indicated statistically significant differences. Results Significant differences were observed between intact cats and neutered cats in the density of elastic fibers in the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum (8.13% ± 1.38% vs 3.11% ± 0.66%), tunica albuginea of the corpus spongiosum (4.37% ± 1.08% vs 3.30% ± 1.01%) and corpus spongiosum (6.28% ± 3.03% vs 4.10% ± 2.19%), and density of collagen fibers in the corpus spongiosum (34.11% ± 10.86% vs 44.21% ± 12.72%). Conclusions and relevance The results show a significant decrease in the density of the elastic fibers and a significant increase of the density of the collagen fibers in the corpus spongiosum in neutered animals. This suggests that the compliance of the periurethral region is reduced, and these changes could be a predisposing factor for urethral obstructive disease.
Medication management of chronic pain
Authors: Slipp Marlene , Burnham Robert 
Published: February 2017

Background: The prevalence of chronic pain is high and increasing. Medication management is an important component of chronic pain management. There is a shortage of physicians who are available and comfortable providing this service. In Alberta, pharmacists have been granted an advanced scope of practice. Given this empowerment, their availability, training and skill set, pharmacists are well positioned to play an expanded role in the medication management of chronic pain sufferers. Objective: To compare the effectiveness and cost of a physician-only vs a pharmacist-physician team model of medication management for chronic nonmalignant pain sufferers. Method: Data was analyzed for 89 patients who had received exclusively medication management at a rural Alberta multidisciplinary clinic. 56 were managed by a sole physician. 33 were managed by a team (pharmacist + physician). In the team model, the physician did the medical assessment, diagnosis, and established a treatment plan in consultation with the patient and pharmacist. The pharmacist then provided the ongoing follow-up including education, dose titration and side effect management and consulted with the physician as needed. Change in pain (Numerical Rating Scale) and disability (Pain Interference Questionnaire) over the course of treatment were recorded. The treatment duration and number of visits were used to calculate cost of care. Results: Both models of medication management resulted in significant and comparable improvements in pain, disability and patient perception of medication effectiveness. Patients in the physician-only group were seen more frequently and at a greater cost. The pharmacist-physician team approach was markedly more cost-effective, and patients expressed a high level of satisfaction with their medication management. Conclusions: The pharmacist-physician team model of medication management results in significant reductions of pain and disability for chronic nonmalignant pain sufferers at a reduced cost and is well accepted by patients.
Temperature elevation measured in a tissue-mimicking phantom for transvaginal ultrasound at clinical settings
Authors: Miloro Piero , Martin Eleanor , Shaw Adam 
Published: February 2017

Introduction This paper reports the results of an audit to assess the possible thermal hazard associated with the clinical use of ultrasound scanners in UK Hospitals for transvaginal ultrasound imaging. Methods An anatomically relevant phantom composed of a block of agar-based tissue mimicking material with embedded thermal sensors was developed. Seventeen hospitals around the UK were visited and a total of 64 configurations were tested. A representative typical scanning protocol was adopted, which primarily used B-mode with 30 s periods of colour-flow and pulsed Doppler modes for both gynaecology and obstetrics pre-sets. Results The results confirmed that the highest temperature increase is always at the surface. The greatest temperature rise measured across all the systems was 3.6℃, with an average of 2.0℃ and 2.16℃ for gynaecology and obstetrics pre-sets, respectively. For some systems, the temperature increased rapidly when selecting one of the Doppler modes, so using them for longer than 30 s will in many cases lead to greater heating. It is also shown that, in agreement with previous studies, the displayed thermal index greatly underestimates the temperature rise, particularly close to the transducer face but even to distances approaching 2 cm. Conclusions Overall, the results of the audit for the temperature rise during transvaginal ultrasound at clinical settings fell within the limits indicated by the national and international standards, for the pre-sets tested and following a representative typical scanning protocol. Only selected pre-sets were tested and the scanner outputs were not maximised (for example by using zoom, greater depth or narrow sector angles). Consequently, higher temperatures than those measured can certainly be achieved.
Pilot Study of a Novel Application for Data Visualization in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Wong Jenise C. , Neinstein Aaron B. , Look Howard , Arbiter Brandon , Chokr Nora , Ross Cassie , Adi Saleh 
Published: February 2017

Background: A novel software application, Blip, was created to combine and display diabetes data from multiple devices in a uniform, user-friendly manner. The objective of this study was to test the usability of this application by adults and caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: Patients (n = 35) and caregivers of children with T1D (n = 30) using an insulin pump for >1 year ± CGM were given access to the software for 3 months. Diabetes management practices and the use of diabetes data were assessed at baseline and at study end, and feedback was gathered in a concluding questionnaire. Results: At baseline, 97% of participants agreed it was important for patients to know how to interpret glucose data. Most felt that clinicians and patients should share the tasks of reviewing data, finding patterns, and making changes to their insulin plans. However, despite valuing shared responsibility, at baseline, 43% of participants never downloaded pump data, and only 9% did so at least once per month. At study end, 72% downloaded data at least once during the 3-month study, and 38% downloaded at least once per month. Regarding the software application, participants liked the central repository of data and the user interface. Suggestions included providing tools for understanding and interpreting glucose patterns, an easier uploading process, and access with mobile devices. Conclusions: Collaboration between developers and researchers prompted iterative, rapid development of data visualization software and improvements in the uploading process and user interface, which facilitates clinical integration and future clinical studies.
A patient-centric approach to improving experience in urological cancer care
Authors: Flott Kelsey , Hounsome Luke , Vuik Sabine , Darzi Ara , Mayer Erik 
Published: February 2017

Rationale: Patient experience data are often reported at the provider level rather than the patient level, meaning that providers receive an aggregate score of all patient experience scores across their service. This inflates positivity and makes it difficult for providers to use patient experience scores to tailor improvements for patients within specific sites, wards or pathways. Patients have different priorities for their urological cancer care experience, and improvement programmes should take these differences into account. A more granular understanding of different patterns of patient experience will allow health care providers to focus their improvement strategies differently based on the needs of the patient groups that utilise their services. Objective: This study examines what groups exist within the urological cancer patient population, and what are their respective priorities for patient experience improvement. Methods: Using urological cancers as a case study, this paper uses data from the UK National Cancer Patient Experience Survey to segment the patient population based on their scores for 14 domains of experience. TwoStep cluster analyses were carried out on two groups of survey respondents: those who had an operation and those who did not. These analyses identified previously unknown clusters within the two populations. Profiles were created for each cluster based on a series of demographic variables, and a regression analysis was conducted to assess the significance of each demographic variable in determining cluster membership. Results: The TwoStep analysis yielded three clusters for both the operations and non-operations groups based on how patients experienced care: Positive, Middling and Negative. Gender, age, cancer type and income significantly influenced cluster membership: women, younger and more deprived patients were more prevalent in the Negative experience cluster. Conclusion: This more nuanced understanding of the patient population and the variation in their priorities for patient experience improvement is the first step to more patient-centric improvement. It will allow services to make more meaningful and individualised changes based on the voices of patients. This is a proof of concept that can be applied broadly in health care to more effectively deliver on the patient-centred agenda.
Non-transitional cell carcinoma only partly explains adverse survival outcomes in females with T1–T4 bladder cancer: A summary of UK epidemiological data
Authors: Ball Kathryn S , Hounsome Luke , Verne Julia , Kockelbergh Roger 
Published: February 2017

Objective: The objective of this article is to investigate why bladder cancer (BC) survival is worse in females using national cancer datasets. Patients and methods: All BC diagnoses since the year 2000 were identified from the National Cancer Data Repository (NCDR) using ICD-10 Code C67 (Bladder cancer T1–T4). Age-standardised relative survival rates for males and females diagnosed with BC between 2000 and 2010 were obtained from Public Health England. Results: Five-year relative survival of men with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) BC (Code C67) was 61%, but in females was significantly less at 52%. One in four female BC (27%) patients are non-TCC, proportionately far more compared to 1:6 (16%) non-TCC BC in males. Five-year relative survival in non-TCC BC subtypes was notably reduced to 23% in females compared to 35% in men. Only 47% of patients with non-TCC BC receive surgical treatment compared to 82% for all BC. Conclusion: Relative survival from non-TCC BC is significantly less than the overall survival from TCC BC. Female patients with invasive BC have a worse survival than men. This is partly explained by the proportionately higher incidence of non-TCC BC in females, but women with TCC BC also have worse outcomes so other factors must contribute. Female gender should be recognised as an adverse risk factor in BC survival and influence management decisions.
Cardiovascular outcomes in kidney cancer patients
Authors: Mensah Elsie Ellimah , Hounsome Luke , Verne Julia , Kockelbergh Roger , Mayer Erik 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: In the surgical management of small renal tumours, current guidelines recommend that partial nephrectomy should be the preferred option wherever possible. This is based on evidence suggesting improved quality of life outcomes, morbidity and mortality and equivalent oncological outcomes when compared with radical nephrectomy. Chronic kidney disease is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and subsequent mortality. This study explored differences in cardiac-related events and co-morbidity, using linked registry data for patients undergoing radical or partial nephrectomy for T1 renal tumours. Methods: Data from the National Cancer Registration Service was searched to identify T1 renal cancer diagnoses between 1999 and 2012. This data was matched against hospital episode statistics to identify those patients who had undergone radical or partial nephrectomy between 1999 and 2013 using OPCS codes. Data was collected on cardiac-related admissions and deaths in nephrectomy patients. Equivalent data was also collected for the general population to allow age-standardized comparison. Charlson score was used as a proxy for pre-operative co-morbidity. Results: Radical/partial nephrectomy patients had a greater risk of cardiac-related admissions compared with the general population (relative risk (RR) 3.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.24–3.40), but with no increase in cardiac-related deaths (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.70–1.01). There was no difference in the admission risk, or death, comparing radical or partial nephrectomy for T1 renal tumours (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88–1.17) using ‘time to event’ analysis. There was no difference in the comorbidity index between radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy patients. Conclusion: The higher incidence of cardiac-related admissions seen for radical/partial nephrectomy patients may be explained by a higher proportion of patients with medical illnesses including cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes) undergoing renal imaging. The absence of a difference between the radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy groups supports the phenomenon of surgically-induced chronic kidney disease, which may not have the same morbidity implications as medically-induced chronic kidney disease.
Outcomes in urological cancer are strongly influenced by route to diagnosis
Authors: Douglas-Moore Jayne L , Hounsome Luke , Verne Julia , Kockelbergh Roger 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: The Routes to Diagnosis study has recorded data on new cancer diagnoses since 2006. The route to diagnosis of urological cancer influences outcomes and factors including gender, age and deprivation are implicated in affecting the way in which patients present. Materials and methods: Data were obtained from the National Cancer Intelligence Network Routes to Diagnosis study. Every new cancer case is assigned to one of eight routes of diagnosis, seven of which are applicable to urological cancers. Data from 2006 to 2013 are described in this report. Results: Two week wait is the most common route to diagnosis of bladder and testicular cancer compared to prostate, renal and penile malignancy in which routine general practitioner referral was the most common route. Two week wait referrals are associated with the best survival, and emergency presentations with the worst. Emergency presentation increases with advancing age but is also noted to be a significant route to diagnosis in patients less than 50 years. Bladder and renal cancer are more common in men but the route to diagnosis varies with gender. Increasing deprivation increases emergency presentation but has minimal effect on two week wait and routine general practitioner referrals. Conclusion: National data on the impact of route to diagnosis of urological malignancy have been described for the first time. The effect of age and gender on route to diagnosis and consequently cancer outcome has been noted. To enable earlier diagnosis attention must focus on extremes of age, patients with penile cancer and the most deprived patients.
Topical versus intravenous tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Meena Sanjay , Benazzo Francesco , Dwivedi Saumitra , Ghiara Matteo 
Published: February 2017

Purpose: The aim of this meta-analysis is to examine the efficacy and safety of intra-articular tranexamic acid (TXA) when compared to intravenous (IV) route. Methods: The literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). All randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of topical route and IV route of TXA administration were included. Results: Eight randomized clinical trials comprising of 857 patients were included in this analysis. We found no statistically significant difference in terms of total blood loss, drain output, transfusion requirement, thromboembolic complication, tourniquet time and surgical duration. Conclusion: Topical TXA has a similar efficacy to IV-TXA in reducing total blood loss, drain output, transfusion rate and haemoglobin drop without any increase in thromboembolic complications.
The risk of iatrogenic injury to anterior tibial artery variations during tibial nail distal interlocking
Authors: Fanter Nathan J , Inouye Sandra E , Beiser Christopher W 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Tibial intramedullary nailing remains a common tibial fracture fixation method. Tibial nailing indications continue to expand. Neurovascular complications from tibial nailing have been described; however, the proximity of distal tibial locking bolts to the anterior tibial artery (ATA) variants has not. Materials and Methods: 52 cadaveric legs were dissected identifying three common ATA variants. Each ATA variant received an intraluminal wire to facilitate fluoroscopic identification. Three different intramedullary tibial nails were inserted in each of the three ATA variant specimens. With fluoroscopy, the proximity of the distal locking holes of each tibial nail to the intraluminal wire representing the ATA variant course was measured. Results: Of the 40 measurements, the intraluminal wire was directly in the bolt insertional path in 8 of 40 (20%) and within 5 mm in 16 of 40 (40%). All specimens had the wire cross the locking bolt insertional path at least once in each of the nails. The ATA variant taking a more lateral course deep to the extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius to overlay the lateral malleolus had the highest occurrence of measurements less than 5 mm. Conclusions: The close proximity of tibial nail distal locking bolt holes to ATA variants presents a risk for iatrogenic vascular injury during insertion. The coronal locking bolts pose the greatest iatrogenic risk to the most laterally positioned ATA variant.
Day-time variation of serum periostin in asthmatic adults treated with ICS/LABA and adults without asthma
Authors: Caswell-Smith Rachel , Cripps Terrianne , Charles Thom , Hosking Alexander , Handigol Meghana , Holweg Cecile , Matthews John , Holliday Mark , Maillot Corentin , Fingleton James , Weatherall Mark , Beasley Richard , Braithwaite Irene ,   On behalf of the Periostin Study Team
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background
We aimed to determine the effect of sampling time during the day on serum periostin levels in adult participants with and without asthma.

Methods
Serum periostin was measured at 2-h intervals from 0800 to 1800 h in 16 adult participants with stable asthma prescribed inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta-agonist therapy, and in 16 otherwise healthy participants without asthma. Mixed linear models were used to compare time zero (08:00 h) with subsequent measurement time for serum periostin for both groups.

Results
In both asthma and non-asthma, the mean (SD) serum periostin levels continuously reduced during the day from 53.5 (13.6) ng/mL at 0800 h to 50.9 (13.4) ng/mL at 1800 h (difference log periostin −0.05, P ≤ 0.001) and 50.5 (13.0) ng/mL at 0800 h to 46.2 (11.5) ng/mL at 1800 h (difference log periostin −0.08, P ≤ 0.001) respectively.

Conclusions
Periostin values are higher in the morning compared with the afternoon in asthmatic and non-asthmatic adults. The small magnitude of the variation in serum periostin levels suggests that the time of day in which the serum periostin measurements are made is unlikely to influence treatment decisions if a specific serum periostin level is used to predict treatment responsiveness.
Trial registration Australia New Zealand Trials Registry (ACTRN12614000072617)