bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking the value of real options: How firm‐specific learning conditions affect R&D investments under uncertainty
Authors: Ross Jan‐Michael , Fisch Jan H. , Varga Emanuel 
Published: September 2017

Research SummaryWhy do some firms increase R&D investments in the face of uncertainty, while others do not? Contrary to common wisdom, this study posits that uncertainty prompts firms to invest in R&D. The value to invest under uncertainty is, however, bounded by a firm's learning conditions (i.e., human capital, relatedness of innovation activities, and industry maturity). An empirical test on a cross‐industry panel of 551 business divisions of manufacturing firms reveals how organization‐environment interactions determine the firm‐specific value to invest in learning prior to full‐scale commercialization. The insights help to bridge real options theory and the learning literature.Managerial SummaryUncertainty about the market environment makes investment decisions in R&D and the commercialization of new products a challenge: should firms “wait and see” until uncertainty resolves to avoid the risk of betting on the wrong product or commit further resources regardless? Our analysis suggests that manufacturing firms often take a mixed approach (“act and see”). While deferring investments in the commercialization of new products, they undertake further R&D to inform decision making by insights that would otherwise be unavailable. However, we find that the benefit of such practice depends on the learning conditions of the individual firm. What is risky for firms with disadvantages in human capital and technology development is value enhancing for firms with good foundations for learning through R&D.
Supporting girls’ and boys’ engagement in math and science learning: A mixed methods study
Authors: Fredricks Jennifer A. , Hofkens Tara , Wang Ming‐Te , Mortenson Elizabeth , Scott Paul 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study uses a mixed method sequential exploratory design to examine motivational and contextual influences on boys’ and girls’ engagement in math and science, paying particular attention to similarities and differences in the patterns by gender. First, interviews were conducted with 38 middle and high school students who varied in their level of math and science engagement about their perceptions of the motivational and contextual factors influencing their level of engagement. Both boys and girls discussed how their engagement was higher in classrooms with more student‐centered instructional practices and in classrooms with highly engaged peers. Girls were more likely to discuss teacher support and personally relevant instruction as being important to their engagement in math and science. In contrast, boys reported being more engaged in math and science when they were interested in pursuing a STEM‐related career. From these interviews, we identified factors that students described as important to their engagement and tested whether these factors were statistically significant in a socioeconomic and racially diverse sample of 3,833 middle and high school students. Specifically, we tested the associations between adolescents’ motivational beliefs (e.g., utility value, attainment value, and expectancy beliefs), social support from teachers and peers, and student‐centered and relevant instructional practices with engagement (e.g., cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and social) in math and science, paying particular attention to main effects and gender as a moderator. In the majority of the models, the motivational and contextual factors were significantly related to engagement and had comparable effects for girls and boys. We documented a few significant interactions by gender that tended to mirror the patterns found in the qualitative interviews. Implications of these findings for developing interventions to increase girls’ participation in math and science are discussed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 55: 271–298, 2018
Predator guards on nest boxes improve nesting success of birds
Authors: Bailey Robyn L. , Bonter David N. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTHumans have long provided nest boxes in a widespread and popular effort to augment nesting sites for cavity‐nesting birds. Nest boxes, however, may provide easy access for predators and thereby create ecological traps for nesting birds. Predator exclusion techniques are often deployed at nest boxes to reduce nest predation, but few studies have tested their performance. For the first time, we test the effectiveness of predator guards in promoting the nesting success of multiple species of birds at a large spatial scale (United States and Canada). We used nest fate data from 24,114 nest records submitted from 2014 to 2016 to NestWatch, a citizen‐science program focused on quantifying nesting success, to determine whether installing predator guards on nest boxes is an effective management technique. Across all species, top models predicting daily nest survival rates suggest a positive influence of predator guards, with a nearly 7% increase in nest success for attempts in boxes with guards versus attempts in boxes without guards. At the species level, nest survival was greater for individuals nesting in boxes with guards in 7 of 9 species, with no effect in the remaining 2 species. Although all types of guards were correlated with improved nesting success, birds nesting in boxes with cone‐type baffles, stovepipe baffles, or entrance hole extenders were most likely to result in successful nesting. Further, birds nesting in boxes with multiple predator guards were more successful, on average, than birds nesting in boxes with only a single guard. Our results can help managers of cavity‐nesting birds incorporate science‐based evidence into decision‐making and allocate resources more effectively. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Wetland bird abundance and safety implications for military aircraft operations
Authors: Andersson Kent , Davis Craig A. , Blackwell Bradley F. , Heinen Jason R. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTWetlands with associated avifauna can pose a substantial hazard to aviation safety, potentially increasing bird–aircraft collision (strike) risk when located near air operations areas. We modeled year‐round use by wetland avifauna of Drummond Flats Wildlife Management Area (Drummond Flats), a wetland complex located within 10 km of Vance Air Force Base (AFB), Enid, Oklahoma, USA. Our objectives were to 1) quantify seasonal avifauna abundances at Drummond Flats; 2) test a priori models reflecting use by bird species recognized as hazardous to aviation safety relative to environmental factors including flooded wetland habitat and vegetation cover; 3) use these models to predict maximal expected abundances of wetland avifauna during flood conditions; and 4) compare our findings with reported bird strikes at Vance AFB. Drought conditions influenced avian use during our study. Of the species expected to respond predictably to flooded wetland habitat, only ducks (Anatinae) occurred in numbers conducive to modeling. Using zero‐inflated Poisson models, we found that duck abundance was positively associated with permanent wetland habitat type and, excluding winter, available habitat area (i.e., standing water); whereas, >50% vegetation cover was negatively correlated with abundance. No model predicted >97.2 ducks/ha for any habitat type, except during winter. Our models also identified potential peaks in abundance not evident from raw count data, emphasizing the benefits of this approach. Identifying factors driving abundances also enables targeted management of hazardous species. Further, we found double‐sampling to be a practical method for assessing detection bias during avian surveys at wetlands. Restricting to obligate wetland species associated with Drummond Flats, we found 1 strike/184,212 flight‐hours, which was an order of magnitude lower than the average for U.S. civil aircraft (1990–2014). Thus, under drought conditions, bird use of Drummond Flats likely did not elevate strike risk for Vance AFB aircraft operations. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Colonic intussusception by a giant colon lipoma: A case report
Authors: González-Urquijo Mauricio , Kettenhofen Samuel Eugene , Rodarte-Shade Mario 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Colonic lipomas are extremely rare, and they can mimic clinical manifestations of a colonic carcinoma, presenting with bowel obstruction or intussusception. We present a case of a 57-year-old female with a colonic lipoma causing a colonic intussusception. A review of the literature is also included.

Presentation of case
A 57-year-old female patient arrived to the emergency department with bowel obstruction. Imaging studies revealed intussusception triggered by a colonic pediculate lipoma. A left colectomy was performed and the patient had an uneventful recovery.

Discussion
Two-thirds of colonic intussusceptions are associated with malingnant tumors. There are several therapeutic interventions for the treatment of this disease, which include a segmental colectomy, local excision and even endoscopic removal. Colonic lipomas are extremely rare, and they can mimic a malignant tumor, so it is imperative for the surgeon to rule out a malignancy in order to opt for a more conservative or minimal approach.

Conclusion
If the diagnosis of a benign disease is uncertain in patients presenting with colonic intussusception, then it should be managed as a malignant lesion due to the higher incidence of large bowel adenocarcinomas presenting with this disease.

Highlights
The Challenges of Low-Frequency Radio Polarimetry: Lessons from the Murchison Widefield Array
Authors: Lenc E. , Anderson C. S. , Barry N. , Bowman J. D. , Cairns I. H. , Farnes J. S. , Gaensler B. M. , Heald G. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Kaplan D. L. , Lynch C. R. , McCauley P. I. , Mitchell D. A. , Morgan J. , Morales M.F. , Murphy Tara , Offringa A. R. , Ord S. M. , Pindor B. , Riseley C. , Sadler E. M. , Sobey C. , Sokolowski M. , Sullivan I. S. , O’Sullivan S. P. , Sun X. H. , Tremblay S. E. , Trott C. M. , Wayth R. B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe present techniques developed to calibrate and correct Murchison Widefield Array low-frequency (72–300 MHz) radio observations for polarimetry. The extremely wide field-of-view, excellent instantaneous (u, v)-coverage and sensitivity to degree-scale structure that the Murchison Widefield Array provides enable instrumental calibration, removal of instrumental artefacts, and correction for ionospheric Faraday rotation through imaging techniques. With the demonstrated polarimetric capabilities of the Murchison Widefield Array, we discuss future directions for polarimetric science at low frequencies to answer outstanding questions relating to polarised source counts, source depolarisation, pulsar science, low-mass stars, exoplanets, the nature of the interstellar and intergalactic media, and the solar environment.
Recombinant factor VIIa as a rescue therapy in severe haemoptysis in a patient with a Fontan circulation
Authors: Mason Thomas W. , Retter Andrew , Morgan Gareth J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe describe the successful use of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) in the control of massive haemoptysis in a 17-year-old patient with a Fontan circulation. The patient was intubated and ventilated in the ICU with deteriorating gas exchange. Conventional methods to control the haemoptysis were ineffective, and rFVIIa was successfully administered as a rescue therapy. rFVIIa is a powerful pro-thrombotic agent, which is only licensed in haemophiliacs with acquired inhibitors to anticoagulation. It has been used off-license in the treatment of massive haemorrhage, although a Cochrane review did not show any significant benefit; however, it may have a role as a rescue therapy where alternatives options have been exhausted after careful risk–benefit analysis.
Thoracoscopic treatment of left-to-right shunt in a child with scimitar syndrome
Authors: Dokumcu Zafer , Divarci Emre , Erdener Ata 
Published: September 2017

AbstractScimitar syndrome represents a rare variant of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection with right lung hypoplasia, dextrocardia, and concomitant airway-vessel abnormalities. Surgical correction is preferred in symptomatic patients or in patients with increased left-to-right shunt. In this report, the first case of scimitar syndrome with dual arterial supply and venous drainage to be treated with thoracoscopic approach is presented.
Efficacy and safety of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for venous thrombosis after paediatric heart surgery
Authors: Justice Lindsey B. , Nelson David P. , Palumbo Joseph , Sawyer Jaclyn , Patel Manish N. , Byrnes Jonathan W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveReports in the literature of treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator following cardiac surgery are limited. We reviewed our experience to provide a case series of the therapeutic use of tissue plasminogen activator for the treatment of venous thrombosis in children after cardiac surgery. The data describe the morbidity, mortality, and clinical outcomes of tissue plasminogen activator administration for treatment of venous thrombosis in children following cardiac surgery.DesignThe study was designed as a retrospective case series.SettingThe study was carried out in a 25-bed cardiac intensive care unit in an academic, free-standing paediatric hospital.PatientsAll children who received tissue plasminogen activator for venous thrombosis within 60 days of cardiac surgery, a total of 13 patients, were included.InterventionsData was collected, collated, and analysed as a part of the interventions of this study.Measurements and main resultsPatients treated with tissue plasminogen activator were principally young infants (median 0.2, IQR 0.07–0.58 years) who had recently (22, IQR 12.5–27.3 days) undergone cardiac surgery. Hospital mortality was high in this patient group (38%), but there was no mortality attributable to tissue plasminogen activator administration, occurring within <72 hours. There was one major haemorrhagic complication that may be attributable to tissue plasminogen activator. Complete or partial resolution of venous thrombosis was confirmed using imaging in 10 of 13 patients (77%), and tissue plasminogen activator administration was associated with resolution of chylous drainage, with no drainage through chest tubes, at 10 days after tissue plasminogen activator treatment in seven of nine patients who had upper-compartment venous thrombosis-associated chylothorax.ConclusionsOn the basis of our experience with administration of tissue plasminogen activator in children after cardiac surgery, tissue plasminogen activator is both safe and effective for resolution of venous thrombosis in this high-risk population.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin reflects inflammation and is not a reliable renal biomarker in neonates and infants after cardiopulmonary bypass: a prospective case–control study
Authors: Reiter Karl , Balling Gunter , Bonelli Vittorio , Pabst von Ohain Jelena , Braun Siegmund Lorenz , Ewert Peter , Ruf Bettina 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionAcute kidney injury is a frequent complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in infants. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin has been suggested to be a promising early biomarker of impending acute kidney injury. On the other hand, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin has been shown to be elevated in systemic inflammatory diseases without renal impairment. In this secondary analysis of data from our previous study on acute kidney injury after infant cardiac surgery, our hypothesis was that neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin may be associated with surgery-related inflammation.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 59 neonates and infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery for CHD and measured neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in plasma and urine and interleukin-6 in the plasma. Values were correlated with postoperative acute kidney injury according to the paediatric Renal-Injury-Failure-Loss-Endstage classification.ResultsOverall, 48% (28/59) of patients developed acute kidney injury. Of these, 50% (14/28) were classified as injury and 11% (3/28) received renal replacement therapy. Both plasma and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin values were not correlated with acute kidney injury occurrence. Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin showed a strong correlation with interleukin-6. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin values correlated with cardiopulmonary bypass time.ConclusionOur results suggest that plasma and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin values are not reliable indicators of impending acute kidney injury in neonates and infants after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Inflammation may have a major impact on plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin values in infant cardiac surgery. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin may add little prognostic value over cardiopulmonary bypass time.
Atrial septal defect morphology and stenting in hypoplastic left heart syndrome after hybrid palliation
Authors: Oreto Lilia , Mandraffino Giuseppe , Manuri Lucia , Saitta Michele B. , Agati Salvatore , Zito Concetta , Iorio Fiore S. , Carerj Scipione , Guccione Paolo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to describe atrial septal defect morphology in hypoplastic left heart syndrome, to report the incidence of restrictiveness and its relationship with defect morphology, to correlate restriction with midterm outcome, and to describe our interventional approach to restrictive defect.Methods and resultsFrom 2011 to 2015, 31 neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome underwent hybrid procedure with pulmonary artery banding and ductal stenting at our Institution. Restrictive physiology of the atrial septal defect was based on Doppler gradient >6 mmHg through the defect and on clinical signs of pulmonary hypertension. The mean gradient was then measured invasively. Restrictive defect occurred in 11/27 patients (40%). The restrictive group showed three ostium secundum defects (27%) and eight complex morphologies (73%). Conversely, in the non-restrictive group, we observed 11 ostium secundum defects (69%) and five complex morphologies (31%). Early balloon atrioseptostomy was required in three cases. Late restriction occurred in eight patients and was dealt with balloon dilation, stenting, or atrioseptectomy. There was no significant difference between restrictive and non-restrictive groups in terms of early or 12-month survival.ConclusionsComplex morphologies were more frequently related to restrictiveness. Stenting technique has a crucial role, as the procedure carries a significant risk for stent migration. Effective treatment of restrictive atrial septal defect is related to a better outcome, as it leads to equalisation of survival between patients with and those without restrictive atrial septal defect.
Acute kidney injury following first-stage palliation in hypoplastic left heart syndrome: hybrid versus Norwood palliation
Authors: Garcia Richard U. , Natarajan Girija , Walters Henry L. , Delius Ralph E. , Aggarwal Sanjeev 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of acute kidney injury after first-stage surgical palliation in patients with a single ventricle and to explore associated risk factors and outcomes.Design and patientsThis single-centre retrospective study included neonates who underwent either Norwood or Hybrid procedure from 2008 to 2015 for a single ventricle. Postoperative acute kidney injury was defined using the paediatric risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage renal disease (pRIFLE), criteria within 72 hours of the procedure.Main resultsOur cohort (n=48) underwent surgical palliation at a mean (SD) age of 12 (11) days. Postoperative acute kidney injury was diagnosed in 14 (29%) patients. The prevalence of acute kidney injury in the Hybrid group was 16% and 53% in the Norwood group. Infants who developed acute kidney injury underwent surgery at younger ages [6 (5–10) versus 10 (8–16) days, p=0.016], and had a higher peak lactate level in the initial 24 hours [5.9 (4.2–9.1) versus 3.4 (2.4–6.7), p=0.007]. Norwood procedure was significantly associated with acute kidney injury [odds ratio 11.7 (95% confidence interval 1.3–101.9), p=0.03]. ICU stay [38 (21–84) versus 16 (6–45) days, p=0.038] and time to extubation [204 (120–606) versus 72 (26–234) hours, p=0.014] were longer in those with acute kidney injury. The two patients who developed early postoperative renal failure as per pRIFLE died before discharge from associated comorbidities.ConclusionsAcute kidney injury occurs in a third of the patients with single ventricle after surgical palliation but is mostly transient. Norwood, compared with Hybrid procedure, is a risk factor for postoperative acute kidney injury, which, in turn, is associated with longer ICU stay and time to extubation.
Methodological and practical viewpoints of qualitative-driven mixed method design: the case of decentralisation of primary healthcare services in Nepal
Authors: Regmi Krishna 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundAlthough considerable attention has been paid to the use of quantitative methods in health research, there has been limited focus on decentralisation research using a qualitative-driven mixed method design. Decentralisation presents both a problematic concept and methodological challenges, and is morecontext-specificand is oftenmulti-dimensional. Researchers often consider using more than one method design when researching phenomena is complex in nature.AimTo explore the effects of decentralisation on the provision of primary healthcare services.MethodsQualitative-driven mixed method design, employing three methods of data collections: focus group discussions (FGDs), semi-structured interviews (SSIs) and participant observations under two components, that is, core component and supplementary components were used. Four FGDs with health service practitioners, three FGDs with district stakeholders, 20 SSIs with health service users and 20 SSIs with national stakeholders were carried out. These were conducted sequentially. NVivo10, a data management program, was utilised to code the field data, employing a content analysis method for searching the underlying themes or concepts in the text material.FindingsBoth positive and negative experiences related to access, quality, planning, supplies, coordination and supervision were identified.ConclusionThis study suggests some evidence of the effects of decentralisation on health outcomes in general, as well as filling a gap of understanding and examining healthcare through a qualitative-driven mixed methods approach, in particular. Future research in the area of qualitative in-depth understanding of the problems (why decentralisation, why now and what for) would provoke an important data set that benefits the researchers and policy-makers for planning and implementing effective health services.