bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Existence of Global Weak Solutions to 1D Pollutant Transport Model
Authors: ROAMBA Brahima , ZABSONRE Jean de Dieu , ZONGO Yacouba 
Published: July 2017

We consider a one-dimensionnal bilayer model coupling shallow water and Reynolds lubrication equations with a molecular interactions between molecules. These molecular interactions give rise to intermolecular forces, namely the long-range van der Waals forces and short-range Born intermolecular forces. In this paper, an expression will be used to take into account all these intermolecular forces. Our model is a similar model studied in (Roamba, Zabsonré & Zongo, 2017). The model considered is represented by the two superposed immiscible fluids. A similar model was studied in (Zabsonré Lucas & Fernandez-Nieto, 2009) but the authors do not take into account the intermolecular forces. Without hypothesis about the unknowns as in (Roamba, Zabsonré & Zongo, 2017), we show the existence of global weak solution in time in a periodic domain.
Regulatory Review of European Commission Impact Assessments
Authors: Meuwese Anne C.M. 
Published: July 2017

Regulatory Review of European Commission Impact Assessments: What Kind for Which Better Regulation Scenario?
The article maps the various ways in which review of Commission impact assessments takes place by the Regulatory Scrutiny Board, the European Ombudsman, the European Court of Auditors, and the Court of Justice of the European Union, among others, and assesses the effect these review activities have on the framework and functioning of this primary Better Regulation tool.
Het Consultatievoorstel schadevergoeding zorg- en affectieschade: een beschrijving
Authors: Rijnhout R. 
Published: July 2017

Het Consultatievoorstel schadevergoeding zorg- en affectieschade: een beschrijving
De wetgever is voornemens om vier veranderingen aan te brengen in het schadevergoedingsrecht, zo blijkt uit het Consultatievoorstel schadevergoeding zorg- en affectieschade. Eén daarvan heeft betrekking op de overgang van het recht op vergoeding voor immateriële schade (art. 6:106 BW), de andere drie veranderingen raken direct het vorderingsrecht van naasten en nabestaanden. Deze bijdrage geeft een beschrijving van het voorstel en vormt een inleiding op de bijdragen van Van, Blok en Van Schoonhoven (commissie Wetgeving van de Vereniging van Advocaten voor Slachtoffers van Personenschade) en van Kremer (directeur Stichting Personenschade Instituut van Verzekeraars) in dit nummer.
Multivariate Optimization of Conditions for Digestion of Wet Feeds for Dogs and Cats Using a Closed Digester Block and Multielement Determination by ICP-OES
Authors: Ávila Dayara Virgínia Lino , Souza Sidnei Oliveira , Costa Silvânio Silvério Lopes , Garcia Carlos Alexandre Borges , Alves José do Patrocínio Hora , Araujo Rennan Geovanny Oliveira , Passos Elisangela Andrade 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A full 24 factorial design was applied to find the best combination of diluted reagents (HNO3 and H2O2), time, and temperature for the digestion of samples of wet feed for dogs and cats using a closed digestion block. The residual carbon concentration (RCC) was used as the response in the factorial design. All variables and their interactions significantly influenced the digestion of the feed samples, as indicated by the RCC. The conditions established for the digestion of 0.05 g (dry mass) wet feed samples were the addition of 3.0 mol/L HNO3 and 5.0% m/m H2O2 in a final volume of 10 mL, followed by heating in a closed digestion block at a temperature of 170°C for 120 min. Analyses were performed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectrometry (OES). LOQs ranged from 0.2 μg/g (Mg and Sr) to 51 μg/g (P). Accuracy of the analytical method was confirmed through the analysis of the Standard Reference Materials Tomato Leaves (NIST 1573), Apple Leaves (NIST 1515), and Peach Leaves (NIST 1547). The agreement values achieved ranged from 80.2 ± 0.3% for Ba to 113.8 ± 7.1% for Zn (n = 3). Addition and recovery tests were carried out by addingthe analytes to a feed sample at two concentration levels, and the recoveries were between 84 ± 6and 114 ± 10% for macroelements (Ca, K, Mg, and P; n = 3) and between 88 ± 3 and 113 ± 7% for microelements and trace elements (B, Cu, Fe, Sr, and Zn; n = 3). The precision values achieved for the different elements, expressed as RSDs, were better than 7.3%(Zn; n = 3) except for Cu determination, that was 14.6% (n=3). The optimized analyticalmethod was applied to 10 commercial samples of wet feed for cats and dogs, with the concentrations of Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, Sr, and Zn determined by ICP-OES.
Molecular analysis of single circulating tumour cells following long‐term storage of clinical samples
Authors: Mesquita Barbara , Rothwell Dominic G. , Burt Deborah J , Chemi Francesca , Fernandez‐Gutierrez Fabiola , Slane‐Tan Daniel , Antonello Jenny , Carter Mathew , Carter Louise , Parry Marina , Franklin Lynsey , Marais Richard , Blackhall Fiona , Dive Caroline , Brady Ged 
Published: July 2017

The CellSearch® semiautomated CTC enrichment and staining system has been established as the ‘gold standard’ for CTC enumeration with CellSearch® CTC counts recognized by the FDA as prognostic for a number of cancers. We and others have gone on to show that molecular analysis of CellSearch® CTCs isolated shortly after CellSearch® enrichment provides another valuable layer of information that has potential clinical utility including predicting response to treatment. Although CellSearch® CTCs can be readily isolated after enrichment, the process of analysing a single CellSearch® patient sample, which may contain many CTCs, is both time‐consuming and costly. Here, we describe a simple process that will allow storage of all CellSearch®‐enriched cells in glycerol at −20 °C for up to 2 years without any measurable loss in the ability to retrieve single cells or in the genome integrity of the isolated cells. To establish the suitability of long‐term glycerol storage for single‐cell molecular analysis, we isolated individual CellSearch®‐enriched cells by DEPArray™ either shortly after CellSearch® enrichment or following storage of matched enriched cells in glycerol at −20 °C. All isolated cells were subjected to whole‐genome amplification (WGA), and the efficacy of single‐cell WGA was evaluated by multiplex PCR to generate a Genome Integrity Index (GII). The GII results from 409 single cells obtained from both ‘spike‐in’ controls and clinical samples showed no statistical difference between values obtained pre‐ and postglycerol storage and that there is no further loss in integrity when DEPArray™‐isolated cells are then stored at −80 °C for up to 2 years. In summary, we have established simple yet effective ‘stop‐off’ points along the CTC workflow enabling CTC banking and facilitating selection of suitable samples for intensive analysis once patient outcomes are known.
The application of heliospheric imaging to space weather operations: Lessons learned from published studies
Authors: Harrison Richard A. , Davies Jackie A. , Biesecker Doug , Gibbs Mark 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe field of heliospheric imaging has matured significantly over the last 10 years—corresponding, in particular, to the launch of NASA's STEREO mission and the successful operation of the heliospheric imager (HI) instruments thereon. In parallel, this decade has borne witness to a marked increase in concern over the potentially damaging effects of space weather on space and ground‐based technological assets, and the corresponding potential threat to human health, such that it is now under serious consideration at governmental level in many countries worldwide. Hence, in a political climate that recognizes the pressing need for enhanced operational space weather monitoring capabilities most appropriately stationed, it is widely accepted, at the Lagrangian L1 and L5 points, it is timely to assess the value of heliospheric imaging observations in the context of space weather operations. To this end, we review a cross section of the scientific analyses that have exploited heliospheric imagery—particularly from STEREO/HI—and discuss their relevance to operational predictions of, in particular, coronal mass ejection (CME) arrival at Earth and elsewhere. We believe that the potential benefit of heliospheric images to the provision of accurate CME arrival predictions on an operational basis, although as yet not fully realized, is significant and we assert that heliospheric imagery is central to any credible space weather mission, particularly one located at a vantage point off the Sun‐Earth line.
Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials for Improving Neural Interfaces
Authors: Wang Mian , Mi Gujie , Shi Di , Bassous Nicole , Hickey Daniel , Webster Thomas J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA successful biomaterial–neural tissue interface should demonstrate biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, the ability to integrate properly within neural tissues, and the prolonged maintenance of desired electrical properties. Neural electrodes implanted in vivo often experience degradation of these properties due to implant micromotion, mechanical mismatch, an extensive foreign‐body response, and the formation of glial scar tissue that interfere with signal transmission. However, recent advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials show great promise to address these problems due to their biologically inspired surface features and enhanced electrical properties. This review will discuss how nanomaterials and nanotechnology are being used to fabricate advanced neural electrodes that demonstrate greater bio‐integration properties, enhanced prolonged electrical properties, and an improved signal specificity down to the single molecule range. First, an overview of current biomaterial–neural tissue interface technology is provided, followed by an examination of conventional and newly developed micro‐ and nano‐fabrication methodologies. Nanomaterials that have shown the most promise for neural interfacial applications are then discussed, including carbon nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and hybrid nanomaterials. The purpose of this review is to describe recent advances in nanotechnology for improved biomaterial–neural tissue interfaces, and identify their advantages and disadvantages from a researcher's perspective.
Engineering Elastic ZIF‐8‐Sponges for Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Zhu He , Zhang Qi , Li Bo‐Geng , Zhu Shiping 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis work reports a rapid and straightforward method to fabricate ZIF‐8‐melamine sponge composite with good mechanical properties, which overcomes the outstanding challenge of fabricating mechanically stable metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based 3D structures. A continuous ZIF‐8 thin layer is grown onto sponge skeleton by simple immersion of pristine sponge in ZIF‐8 precursor solution. This method is rapid, cost‐effective, easily scaled‐up, and it does not require any premodification. The obtained ZIF‐8 sponge shows an excellent compressive behavior and ZIF‐8 thin layer remained intact after over ten cycles of compression tests. In addition, the MOF/polymer shows an outstanding absorption performance of organic solvents, good recoverability, and good recyclability, demonstrating its potential in cleaning up oil spills.
Simple and Fast Patterning Process by Laser Direct Writing for Perovskite Quantum Dots
Authors: Chen Jun , Wu Ye , Li Xiaoming , Cao Fei , Gu Yu , Liu Kai , Liu Xuhai , Dong Yuhang , Ji Jianping , Zeng Haibo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFor the application of quantum dots (QDs) on next‐generation displays, it is of significant importance to improve QDs patterning technology. Here, this paper reports a simple and fast approach of perovskite QDs patterning based on laser direct writing (LDW). It is a mask‐free and programmable method, including three steps: spin‐coating perovskite QDs, laser writing, and solvent washing. The LDW patterning on QDs relies on the removal of surfactant around the QDs by laser scanning. Macroscopic QD patterns are composed of many microscale QD lines formed via laser scanning. The width and morphology of QD lines can be controlled by varying LDW parameters, including the laser spot size, scanning speed, and laser energy, which also leads to the variation of QDs brightness. Moreover, a large‐scale (100 mm × 100 mm) patterning is demonstrated by LDW, which implies its great potential for large area display application.
Additive Manufacturing: Unlocking the Evolution of Energy Materials
Authors: Zhakeyev Adilet , Wang Panfeng , Zhang Li , Shu Wenmiao , Wang Huizhi , Xuan Jin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe global energy infrastructure is undergoing a drastic transformation towards renewable energy, posing huge challenges on the energy materials research, development and manufacturing. Additive manufacturing has shown its promise to change the way how future energy system can be designed and delivered. It offers capability in manufacturing complex 3D structures, with near‐complete design freedom and high sustainability due to minimal use of materials and toxic chemicals. Recent literatures have reported that additive manufacturing could unlock the evolution of energy materials and chemistries with unprecedented performance in the way that could never be achieved by conventional manufacturing techniques. This comprehensive review will fill the gap in communicating on recent breakthroughs in additive manufacturing for energy material and device applications. It will underpin the discoveries on what 3D functional energy structures can be created without design constraints, which bespoke energy materials could be additively manufactured with customised solutions, and how the additively manufactured devices could be integrated into energy systems. This review will also highlight emerging and important applications in energy additive manufacturing, including fuel cells, batteries, hydrogen, solar cell as well as carbon capture and storage.
Photothermal Catalyst Engineering: Hydrogenation of Gaseous CO2 with High Activity and Tailored Selectivity
Authors: Jia Jia , Wang Hong , Lu Zhuole , O'Brien Paul G. , Ghoussoub Mireille , Duchesne Paul , Zheng Ziqi , Li Peicheng , Qiao Qiao , Wang Lu , Gu Alan , Ali Feysal M. , Dong Yuchan , Wang Qiang , Ghuman Kulbir Kaur , Wood Thomas , Qian Chenxi , Shao Yue , Qiu Chenyue , Ye Miaomiao , Zhu Yimei , Lu Zheng‐Hong , Zhang Peng , Helmy Amr S. , Singh Chandra Veer , Kherani Nazir P. , Perovic Doug D. , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study has designed and implemented a library of hetero‐nanostructured catalysts, denoted as Pd@Nb2O5, comprised of size‐controlled Pd nanocrystals interfaced with Nb2O5 nanorods. This study also demonstrates that the catalytic activity and selectivity of CO2 reduction to CO and CH4 products can be systematically tailored by varying the size of the Pd nanocrystals supported on the Nb2O5 nanorods. Using large Pd nanocrystals, this study achieves CO and CH4 production rates as high as 0.75 and 0.11 mol h−1 gPd−1, respectively. By contrast, using small Pd nanocrystals, a CO production rate surpassing 18.8 mol h−1 gPd−1 is observed with 99.5% CO selectivity. These performance metrics establish a new milestone in the champion league of catalytic nanomaterials that can enable solar‐powered gas‐phase heterogeneous CO2 reduction. The remarkable control over the catalytic performance of Pd@Nb2O5 is demonstrated to stem from a combination of photothermal, electronic and size effects, which is rationally tunable through nanochemistry.
Asymmetric Synthesis of α,α‐Disubstituted Allylic Amines through Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution
Authors: Guo Wusheng , Cai Aijie , Xie Jianing , Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe first asymmetric synthesis of important α,α‐disubstituted N‐alkyl allyl amine scaffolds through allylic substitution is reported. This approach is based on palladium catalysis and features ample scope with respect to both the allylic precursor and amine reagent, and high asymmetric induction with enantiomeric ratios (e.r.) up to 98.5:1.5. The use of less‐reactive anilines is also feasible, providing enantioenriched α,α‐disubstituted N‐aryl allylic amines.
Synthesis of a Doubly Boron‐Doped Perylene through NHC‐Borenium Hydroboration/C−H Borylation/Dehydrogenation
Authors: Farrell Jeffrey M. , Schmidt David , Grande Vincenzo , Würthner Frank 
Published: July 2017

AbstractReaction of an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)–borenium ion with 9,10‐distyrylanthracene forms four B−C bonds through two selective, tandem hydroboration–electrophilic C−H borylations to yield an isolable, crystallographically characterizable polycyclic diborenium ion as its [NTf2]− salt (1). Dehydrogenation of 1 with TEMPO radical followed by acidic workup yields a 3,9‐diboraperylene as its corresponding borinic acid (2). This sequence can be performed in one pot to allow the facile, metal‐free conversion of an alkene into a small molecule containing a boron‐doped graphene substructure. Doubly boron‐doped perylene 2 exhibits visible range absorbance and fluorescence in chloroform solution (Φ=0.63) and undergoes two reversible one‐electron reductions at moderate potentials of −1.30 and −1.64 eV vs. ferrocenium/ferrocene in DMSO. Despite sterically accessible boron centers and facile electrochemical reductions, compound 2 is air‐, moisture‐, and silica gel‐stable.
Synthese von Diorganomagnesium‐ und Diorganozinkverbindungen durch In‐Situ‐Abfang‐Halogen‐Lithium‐Austausch an hochfunktionalisierten (Hetero)Arylhalogeniden im kontinuierlichen Durchfluss
Authors: Ketels Marthe , Ganiek Maximilian A. , Weidmann Niels , Knochel Paul 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDer Halogen‐Lithium‐Austausch in Gegenwart von Metallsalzen (ZnCl2, MgCl2⋅LiCl) an einer Vielzahl empfindlicher Brom‐ und Iod‐(Hetero)Arene mit BuLi oder PhLi als Austauschreagenz im kontinuierlichen Durchfluss wird beschrieben. Die entstehenden Diarylmagnesium‐ und Diarylzinkspezies werden mit verschiedenen Elektrophilen abgefangen, und es werden polyfunktionalisierte (Hetero)Arene in hohen Ausbeuten erhalten. Diese Methode ermöglicht die Funktionalisierung von (Hetero)Arenen mit hochempfindlichen Isothiocyanat‐, Nitro‐, Azid‐ oder Estergruppen. Eine Skalierung ist ohne weitere Optimierungen möglich.
Exclusive Formation of Formic Acid from CO2 Electroreduction by a Tunable Pd‐Sn Alloy
Authors: Bai Xiaofang , Chen Wei , Zhao Chengcheng , Li Shenggang , Song Yanfang , Ge Ruipeng , Wei Wei , Sun Yuhan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractConversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into fuels and chemicals by electroreduction has attracted significant interest, although it suffers from a large overpotential and low selectivity. A Pd‐Sn alloy electrocatalyst was developed for the exclusive conversion of CO2 into formic acid in an aqueous solution. This catalyst showed a nearly perfect faradaic efficiency toward formic acid formation at the very low overpotential of −0.26 V, where both CO formation and hydrogen evolution were completely suppressed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that the formation of the key reaction intermediate HCOO* as well as the product formic acid was the most favorable over the Pd‐Sn alloy catalyst surface with an atomic composition of PdSnO2, consistent with experiments.
Controlled Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of Super‐charged β‐Lactoglobulin A–PEG Conjugates into Nanocapsules
Authors: Khan Amit Kumar , Gudlur Sushanth , de Hoog Hans‐Peter M. , Siti Winna , Liedberg Bo , Nallani Madhavan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a new protein–polymer conjugate composed of β lactoglobulin A (βLG A) and poly(ethylene glycol) PEG is described. βLG A was selectively modified to self‐assemble by super‐charging via amination or succinylation followed by conjugation with PEG. An equimolar mixture of the oppositely charged protein–polymer conjugates self‐assemble into spherical capsules of 80–100 nm in diameter. The self‐assembly proceeds by taking simultaneous advantage of the amphiphilicity and polyelectrolyte nature of the protein–polymer conjugate. These protein–polymer capsules or proteinosomes are reminiscent of protein capsids, and are capable of encapsulating solutes in their interior. We envisage this approach to be applicable to other globular proteins.
Directing the Activation of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes Towards Stereoselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions by Brønsted Base Catalysis
Authors: Blom Jakob , Vidal‐Albalat Andreu , Jørgensen Julie , Barløse Casper L. , Jessen Kamilla S. , Iversen Marc V. , Jørgensen Karl Anker 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe first stereoselective organocatalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes is presented. It is demonstrated that by applying an optically active bifunctional Brønsted base catalyst, racemic di‐cyano cyclopropylketones can be activated to undergo a stereoselective 1,3‐dipolar reaction with mono‐ and polysubstituted nitroolefins. The reaction affords functionalized cyclopentanes with three consecutive stereocenters in high yield and stereoselectivity. Based on the stereochemical outcome, a mechanism in which the organocatalyst activates both the donor‐acceptor cyclopropane and nitroolefin is proposed. Finally, chemoselective transformations of the cycloaddition products are demonstrated.
Synthesis of Polyfunctional Diorganomagnesium and Diorganozinc Reagents through In Situ Trapping Halogen–Lithium Exchange of Highly Functionalized (Hetero)aryl Halides in Continuous Flow
Authors: Ketels Marthe , Ganiek Maximilian A. , Weidmann Niels , Knochel Paul 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe report a halogen–lithium exchange performed in the presence of various metal salts (ZnCl2, MgCl2⋅LiCl) on a broad range of sensitive bromo‐ or iodo(hetero)arenes using BuLi or PhLi as the exchange reagent and a commercially available continuous‐flow setup. The resulting diarylmagnesium or diarylzinc species were trapped with various electrophiles, resulting in the formation of polyfunctional (hetero)arenes in high yields. This method enables the functionalization of (hetero)arenes containing highly sensitive groups such as an isothiocyanate, nitro, azide, or ester. A straightforward scale‐up was possible without further optimization.
Fluorescence and Sensing Applications of Graphene Oxide and Graphene Quantum Dots: A Review
Authors: Zheng Peng , Wu Nianqiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGraphene oxide and graphene quantum dots are attractive fluorophores that are inexpensive, nontoxic, photostable, water‐soluble, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. They find extensive applications in fluorescent biosensors and chemosensors, in which they serve as either fluorophores or quenchers. As fluorophores, they display tunable photoluminescence emission and the “giant red‐edge effect”. As quenchers, they exhibit a remarkable quenching efficiency through either electron transfer or Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. In this review, the origin of fluorescence and the mechanism of excitation wavelength‐dependent fluorescence of graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots are discussed. Sensor design strategies based on graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots are presented. The applications of these sensors in health care, the environment, agriculture, and food safety are highlighted.