bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling power supplies of LED lamps
Authors: Górecki Krzysztof , Ptak Przemysław 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIn the paper, the model of the power supply of the LED lamp in the form dedicated for SPICE is proposed. The form of the worked out by the authors' model is presented, and the results of experimental verification of this model for the LED lamp of the type CLA25 are shown. The presented model is elaborated only for the power supply of LED lamps, in which the constant output voltage is stabilized. This model has the form of a subcircuit for SPICE, and it describes the influence of load resistance, amplitude of the input voltage, and the ambient temperature on both the input current and the output voltage. It is confirmed that the worked out model describes correctly both the waveform of the current received from the electroenergy network and the influence of the load current, the ambient temperature, and the supply voltage on the output voltage.
Temperature‐dependent modeling and performance analysis of coupled MLGNR interconnects
Authors: Rai Mayank Kumar , Arora Shubham , Kaushik B.K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe temperature‐dependent circuit modeling and performance in terms of propagation delay, power dissipation, and crosstalk‐induced voltage waveform at the far end of victim line of multilayer graphene nanoribbon (MLGNR) interconnects have been analyzed at 22 nm technology node. A comparative performance analysis between MLGNR interconnects with resistance estimated using temperature‐dependent model and temperature‐independent model is examined. The results obtained are also compared with capacitively coupled interconnects of copper (Cu). The results show that as the temperature is varied from 300 K to 500 K, MLGNR has lower propagation delay and power dissipation as compared to Cu for 1 mm long interconnects. It is also observed that because of the dominance of both low resistance and ground capacitance compared to Cu, MLGNR has better crosstalk‐induced delay and voltage waveforms with rise in temperature at the far end of aggressor and victim line, respectively. Further, simulated results show an average relative improvement in propagation delay of 37.24% and corresponding improvement in power dissipation of approximately 19.59% by using a temperature‐dependent model in comparison to a temperature‐independent model of MLGNR resistance with interconnect lengths varying from 200 to 1000 μm. The reduction in the time duration of victim output pulse over these interconnect lengths also shows a significant improvement of approximately 35% by using temperature‐dependent model as against temperature‐independent model of MLGNR resistance.
Exploring benefits of spatial cooperative harvesting in a sea urchin fishery: an agent‐based approach
Authors: Gutierrez Nicolas L. , Halmay Peter , Hilborn Ray , Punt Andre E. , Schroeter Stephen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSedentary or low‐mobility organisms show a high degree of dependency with their substrate, where its heterogeneity often determines small‐scale spatial patterns of distribution, life history traits, and fishery yields. For sea urchins, this spatial structure is usually shaped by food availability, habitat structure, individual movement, and fishery dynamics. All of these have a significant impact on their physiological and reproductive status and in particular on their gonadal content. These patterns are of particular interest considering that the sea urchin fishery is a roe fishery where marketability depends on gonad yield and quality, which in turn is related to spatial and temporal variations in associated kelp beds. Thus, better gonad quality and yields generate higher profits for both fishers (divers) and processors. However, competition among divers within a non‐cooperative system creates a “race for shellfish” precluding higher gonad yields per unit of effort. A spatially explicit agent‐based model for the San Diego, California red sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) fishery was developed in order to assess the benefits of cooperative harvesting by depicting spatial and temporal variations in fishery yields. A cooperative harvesting scenario where divers consistently target those areas with higher yields avoiding low‐quality sea urchins was compared against a non‐cooperative situation where divers harvest at random or based only on densities of sea urchins. Sea urchin population at the end of the simulation period was 20% higher for the most cooperative scenario compared to the non‐cooperative fishery. Further, for the most cooperative scenario where information sharing among divers is greatest and harvest is coordinated, sea urchin catches were at least 10% higher and gonad yield 35% higher than in the non‐cooperative scenario. In this model, information sharing and organized harvesting typical of well‐functioning cooperatives allowed fishers to optimize the use of the resource in terms of higher gonad yields per unit of effort while maintaining the productivity of the stock. This study also highlights the importance of community‐based management (i.e., collaborative efforts in assessment, management, and governance of fisheries between fishers, scientists, and managers) toward improving fisheries sustainability.
Mapping marine habitat suitability and uncertainty of Bayesian networks: a case study using Pacific benthic macrofauna
Authors: Havron Andrea , Goldfinger Chris , Henkel Sarah , Marcot Bruce G. , Romsos Chris , Gilbane Lisa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractResource managers increasingly use habitat suitability map products to inform risk management and policy decisions. Modeling habitat suitability of data‐poor species over large areas requires careful attention to assumptions and limitations. Resulting habitat suitability maps can harbor uncertainties from data collection and modeling processes; yet these limitations are not always transparent to resource managers, who increasingly rely on maps for spatial planning and risk assessment purposes. Interpretation of habitat suitability maps can be improved by visually communicating model uncertainty and data foundations. We applied Bayesian networks (BNs) to a small, marine dataset to model the probability of occurrence (PO) of benthic macrofauna. We also usedBNs to create maps displaying model parameter uncertainty and data limitations. We developedBNmodels for three macrofauna species: a marine gastropod,Aystris gausapata, a marine bivalve,Axinopsida serricata, and a marine worm,Sternaspis fossor. We produced three map products from theBNmodels of each species: (1) a habitat suitability map of the PO projected from regional predictor variables; (2) an uncertainty map, displaying statistical variance of model predictions of occurrence probability; and (3) an experience map, displaying the empirical basis for PO predictions (equivalent sample size). Map results showed occurrence probability to be high and widespread forAx. serricata, low to moderate and more limited to deeper offshore areas forAy. gausapata, and low to high in shallow sandy regions and deeper silty regions, respectively, forS. fossor. The uncertainty and experience maps for each species helped identify regions to prioritize for future sampling. Our results are the first to show thatBNs can effectively model habitat suitability of benthic macrofauna, and our detailed methods can be applied to a variety of taxa and systems. Visually describing statistical model uncertainty and equivalent sample size in map format improves interpretation of habitat suitability map predictions and supports place‐based risk management of marine management.
Modeling annual grassland phenology along the central coast of California
Authors: Bart Ryan R. , Tague Christina L. , Dennison Philip E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGrassland phenology is an important component of terrestrial biophysical models, with substantial differences in the cycling of energy, carbon, water, and nutrient fluxes between periods of growth and dormancy. Modeling the phenology of moisture‐driven annual grasslands in Mediterranean‐type ecosystems (MTEs) remains challenging because although soil moisture is often a direct control on green‐up, high rainfall variability duringMTEwet seasons makes predicting the optimal time for senescence problematic. For this study, we developed a Mediterranean grassland phenology model (MGPM) to model green‐up and senescence for coastal California annual grasslands. Mediterranean grassland phenology model was embedded in an ecohydrologic model, Regional Hydro‐Ecologic Simulation System, and simulations of ecosystem fluxes were compared to a simpler fixed‐date (i.e., photoperiod) phenology model. Results indicated that a soil water potential threshold was an accurate predictor of grassland green‐up initiation. Annual cumulative net primary productivity (NPPcum) was observed to be a good predictor of senescence initiation, with higher levels ofNPPcumassociated with delayed senescence initiation. We also observed that photoperiod acts as an additional control on senescence initiation, restricting the window of time during which senescence may occur. Long‐term peakNPPcumwas noted as a potential control on the timing of this photoperiod window. Inclusion ofMGPMinto biophysical models is expected to improve the representation of annual grasslands and more accurately simulate ecosystem fluxes.
Oxidative stability and the chemical composition of market cold‐pressed linseed oil
Authors: Symoniuk Edyta , Ratusz Katarzyna , Krygier Krzysztof 
Published: July 2017

Oxidative stability and minor components of market linseed oils were evaluated. The oils were investigated for their primary and secondary oxidation products, fatty acid composition and pigment content, and samples were also examined for their scavenging of 1, 1‐ diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and total phenolic content. Rancimat and pressure differential scanning calorimetry were used to assess oxidative stability. The analysed oils were of good quality, meeting the requirements of the Codex Alimentarius standard. Linseed oils were characterised by 45–65% content of α‐linolenic acid. The TEAC equivalent of linseed oils ranged from 1.25 to 1.42 mM of Trolox kg−1 oil, and FAE ranged from 60.25 to 115.12 mg of ferulic acid 100 g−1 oil. The correlation between linseed oil oxidative stability as measured by the Rancimat and PDSC methods was low (r = 0.55). Based on the obtained results of oxidative stability and the content of chemical compounds, principal components analysis was conducted. PCA indicated that none of the chemical compounds correlated strongly with the oxidative stability of linseed oils as determined by the Rancimat method. However, in the case of the PDSC method, the content of primary and secondary products of oxidation had the strongest impact on the oxidative stability of linseed oils. The correlation coefficients describing the impact of different chemical compounds on induction time using the Rancimat and PDSC tests were between −0.43 to 0.45 and −0.82 to 0.72, respectively.Practical applications: The results show that linseed oils available on the market were of differing but good quality. Results of oxidative stability tests demonstrate that Rancimat and pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) methods should not be used interchangeably for assessing linseed oil oxidative stability (r = 0.55). The initial degree of oxidation had the greatest impact on the oxidative stability of linseed oil, but none of the measured quality parameters showed a high correlation with the Rancimat induction time. Principal component analysis verified the designated correlations between induction times in the Rancimat and PDSC tests and quality features. PCA also confirmed differences between the examined linseed oils.Market linseed oils are examined to their oxidative stability using Rancimat and pressure differential scanning calorimetry, and their chemical composition. The influence of selected discriminants on the oxidative stability of linseed oil is determined.
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide‐coated agrosorbents and their high benzene adsorption performance from aqueous solution
Authors: Kong Helen , Cheu Siew Chin , Othman Nurul Sakinah , Song Shiow Tien , Johari Khairiraihanna , Saman Norasikin , Lye Jimmy Wei Ping , Mat Hanapi 
Published: July 2017

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide‐coated agrosorbents were successfully synthesized through firstly mercerization of raw banana trunk (Raw‐BT) with alkali (M‐BT) and finally coating with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (M‐CTAB‐BT). The characterization was done using an energy dispersive X‐ray spectrophotometer, a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and a field emission scanning electron microscope. The Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller analysis was also conducted. The benzene adsorption performance of BT agrosorbents was improved by mercerization and surfactant coating according to the following order: Raw‐BT (340.25 × 10− mmol/g) < CTAB‐BT (382.41 × 10−3 mmol/g) < M‐CTAB‐BT (535.62 × 10−3 mmol/g). The adsorption data obeyed the Langmuir and pseudo‐second order (PSO) kinetic models with film diffusion as the rate‐limiting step. The agrosorbent regeneration as well as comparison to literature data indicated the modified BT and thus the agrowaste biomass could be alternative agrosorbent precursors for removing benzene from aqueous solutions. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 305–317, 2018
Modeling of Gas Diffusion in Ni/YSZ Electrodes in CO2 and Co‐electrolysis
Authors: Dragsbæk Duhn J. , Degn Jensen A. , Wedel S. , Wix C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCarbon formation may occur during CO2 and CO2/H2O electrolysis using solid oxide electrolyzer cells due to the Boudouard reaction (2CO → CO2 + C(s)). Formed carbon may disintegrate the cell structure and it is therefore of importance to be able to predict when carbon is formed, and take actions to prevent its formation.For prediction of carbon formation, the gas composition in the electrode must be known. In this work, the diffusion of gases in the electrode has been modeled with the dusty gas model in 1 and 2 dimensions, and the effect of tortuosity, porosity, temperature, electrode thickness, pore diameter, current density, pitch and rib width has been investigated. It is shown that diffusion limitations on reactant/product transport may lead to carbon formation.The parameters describing the microstructure and the dimensions of the cathode channels and interconnect ribs are found to have a large effect on the carbon formation propensity. Given a set of parameters, a simple correlation between the CO mole fraction in the channel and under the interconnect rib, and current density during CO2‐electrolysis can be derived. This correlation makes it possible to efficiently integrate the calculation of carbon formation risk in existing electrolyzer cell models.
Synaptotagmin‐11 inhibits cytokine secretion and phagocytosis in microglia
Authors: Du Cuilian , Wang Yalong , Zhang Feifan , Yan Shuxin , Guan Yuan , Gong Xiaoli , Zhang Ting , Cui Xiuyu , Wang Xiaomin , Zhang Claire Xi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCytokine secretion and phagocytosis are key functions of activated microglia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their regulation in microglia remain largely unknown. Here, we report that synaptotagmin‐11 (Syt11), a non‐Ca2+‐binding Syt implicated in Parkinson disease and schizophrenia, inhibits cytokine secretion and phagocytosis in microglia. We found Syt11 expression in microglia in brain slices and primary microglia. Interestingly, Syt11‐knockdown (KD) increased cytokine secretion and NO release in primary microglia both in the absence and presence of lipopolysaccharide. NF‐κB was activated in untreated KD microglia together with enhanced synthesis of IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and iNOS. When the release capacity was assessed by the ratio of extracellular to intracellular levels, only the IL‐6 and TNF‐α secretion capacity was increased in Syt11‐KD cells, suggesting that Syt11 specifically regulates conventional secretion. Consistently, Syt11 localized to the trans‐Golgi network and recycling endosomes. In addition, Syt11 was recruited to phagosomes and its deficiency enhanced microglial phagocytosis. All the KD phenotypes were rescued by expression of an shRNA‐resistant Syt11, while overexpression of Syt11 suppressed cytokine secretion and phagocytosis. Importantly, Syt11 also inhibited microglial phagocytosis of α‐synuclein fibrils, supporting its association with Parkinson disease. Taken together, we propose that Syt11 suppresses microglial activation under both physiological and pathological conditions through the inhibition of cytokine secretion and phagocytosis.
Alterations in white matter microstructure are associated with goal‐directed upper‐limb movement segmentation in children born extremely preterm
Authors: Lenfeldt Niklas , Johansson Anna‐Maria , Domellöf Erik , Riklund Katrine , Rönnqvist Louise 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAltered white matter microstructure is commonly found in children born preterm (PT), especially those born at an extremely low gestational age (GA). These children also commonly show disturbed motor function. This study explores the relation between white matter alterations and upper‐limb movement segmentation in 41 children born PT (19 girls), and 41 children born at term (18 girls) at 8 years. The PT group was subdivided into extremely PT (E‐PT; GA = 25–27 weeks, N = 10), very PT (V‐PT; GA = 28–32 weeks, N = 13), and moderately PT (M‐PT; GA = 33–35 weeks, N = 18). Arm/hand preference (preferred/non‐preferred) was determined through object interactions and the brain hemispheres were designated accordingly. White matter alterations were assessed using diffusion tensor imaging in nine areas, and movement segmentation of the body‐parts head, shoulder, elbow, and wrist were registered during a unimanual goal‐directed task. Increased movement segmentation was demonstrated consistently on the preferred side in the E‐PT group compared with the term born group. Also compared with the term born peers, the E‐PT group demonstrated reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in the cerebral peduncle (targeting the corticospinal tract) in the hemisphere on the non‐preferred side and in the splenium of corpus callosum. In contrast, in the anterior internal capsule on the preferred side, the E‐PT group had increased FA. Lower FA in the cerebral peduncle, but higher FA in the anterior internal capsule, was associated with increased movement segmentation across body‐parts in a contralateral manner. The results suggest that impaired development of sensorimotor tracts in E‐PT children could explain a sub‐optimal spatiotemporal organization of upper‐limb movements. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5051–5068, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hippocampal damage causes retrograde but not anterograde memory loss for context fear discrimination in rats
Authors: Lee Justin Q. , Sutherland Robert J. , McDonald Robert J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThere is a substantial body of evidence that the hippocampus (HPC) plays and essential role in context discrimination in rodents. Studies reporting anterograde amnesia (AA) used repeated, alternating, distributed conditioning and extinction sessions to measure context fear discrimination. In addition, there is uncertainty about the extent of damage to the HPC. Here, we induced conditioned fear prior to discrimination tests and rats sustained extensive, quantified pre‐ or post‐training HPC damage. Unlike previous work, we found that extensive HPC damage spares context discrimination, we observed no AA. There must be a non‐HPC system that can acquire long‐term memories that support context fear discrimination. Post‐training HPC damage caused retrograde amnesia (RA) for context discrimination, even when rats are fear conditioned for multiple sessions. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the role of HPC in long‐term memory.
The calcium sensor synaptotagmin 1 is expressed and regulated in hippocampal postsynaptic spines
Authors: Hussain Suleman , Egbenya Daniel Lawer , Lai Yi‐Chen , Dosa Zita J. , Sørensen Jakob B. , Anderson Anne E. , Davanger Svend 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSynaptotagmin 1 is a presynaptic calcium sensor, regulating SNARE‐mediated vesicle exocytosis of transmitter. Increasing evidence indicate roles of SNARE proteins in postsynaptic glutamate receptor trafficking. However, a possible postsynaptic expression of synaptotagmin 1 has not been demonstrated previously. Here, we used postembedding immunogold electron microscopy to determine the subsynaptic localization of synaptotagmin 1 in rat hippocampal CA1 Schaffer collateral synapses. We report for the first time that synaptotagmin 1 is present in rat hippocampal postsynaptic spines, both on cytoplasmic vesicles and at the postsynaptic density. We further investigated whether postsynaptic synaptotagmin 1 is regulated during synaptic plasticity. In a rat model of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy, we found that presynaptic and postsynaptic concentrations of the protein are reduced compared to control animals. This downregulation may possibly be an adaptive measure to decrease both presynaptic and postsynaptic calcium sensitivity in excitotoxic conditions.
Exposure to complex environments results in more sparse representations of space in the hippocampus
Authors: Bilkey David K. , Cheyne Kirsten R. , Eckert Michael J. , Lu Xiaodong , Chowdhury Shoaib , Worley Paul F. , Crandall James E. , Abraham Wickliffe C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe neural circuitry mediating sensory and motor representations is adaptively tuned by an animal's interaction with its environment. Similarly, higher order representations such as spatial memories can be modified by exposure to a complex environment (CE), but in this case the changes in brain circuitry that mediate the effect are less well understood. Here, we show that prolonged CE exposure was associated with increased selectivity of CA1 “place cells” to a particular recording arena compared to a social control (SC) group. Furthermore, fewer CA1 and DG neurons in the CE group expressed high levels of Arc protein, a marker of recent activation, following brief exposure to a completely novel environment. The reduced Arc expression was not attributable to overall changes in cell density or number. These data indicate that one effect of CE exposure is to modify high‐level spatial representations in the brain by increasing the sparsity of population coding within networks of neurons. Greater sparsity could result in a more efficient and compact coding system that might alter behavioural performance on spatial tasks. The results from a behavioural experiment were consistent with this hypothesis, as CE‐treated animals habituated more rapidly to a novel environment despite showing equivalent initial responding.