bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monolithic Integration of Full‐Color Microdisplay Screen with Sub‐5 µm Quantum‐Dot Pixels
Authors: Huang Jianhua , Li Ziwei , Zhu Youliang , Yang Liuli , Lin Xiao , Li Yi , Wang Yizhe , Wang Yazhou , Fu Yi , Xu Weidong , Huang Ming , Li Dong , Pan Anlian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMonolithic integration of color‐conversion materials onto blue‐backlight micro‐light‐emitting‐diodes (micro‐LEDs) has emerged as a promising strategy for achieving full‐color microdisplay devices. However, this approach still encounters challenges such as the blue‐backlight leakage and the poor fabrication yield rate due to unsatisfied quantum dot (QD) material and fabrication process. Here, the monolithic integration of 0.39‐inch micro‐display screens displaying colorful pictures and videos are demonstrated, which are enabled by creating interfacial chemical bonds for wafer‐scale adhesion of sub‐5 µm QD‐pixels on blue‐backlight micro‐LED wafer. The ligand molecule with chlorosulfonyl and silane groups is selected as the synthesis ligand and surface treatment material, facilitating the preparation of high‐efficiency QD photoresist and the formation of robust chemical bonds for pixel integration. This is a leading record in micro‐display devices achieving the highest brightness larger than 400 thousand nits, the ultrahigh resolution of 3300 PPI, the wide color gamut of 130.4% NTSC, and the ultimate performance of service life exceeding 1000 h. These results extend the mature integrated circuit technique into the manufacture of micro‐display device, which also lead the road of industrialization process of full‐color micro‐LEDs.
Ni‐Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Toward Ethanol
Authors: Wang Ting , Duan Xinyi , Bai Rui , Li Haoyang , Qin Chen , Zhang Jian , Duan Zhiyao , Chen Kai‐Jie , Pan Fuping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe electroreduction of CO2 offers a sustainable route to generate synthetic fuels. Cu‐based catalysts have been developed to produce value‐added C2+ alcohols; however, the limited understanding of complex C−C coupling and reaction pathway hinders the development of efficient CO2‐to‐C2+ alcohols catalysts. Herein, a Cu‐free, highly mesoporous NiO catalyst, derived from the microphase separation of a block copolymer, is reported, which achieves selective CO2 reduction toward ethanol with a Faradaic efficiency of 75.2% at −0.6 V versus RHE. The dense mesopores create a favorable local reaction environment with CO2‐rich and H2O‐deficient interfaces, suppressing hydrogen evolution and maximizing catalytic activity of NiO for CO2 reduction. Importantly, the C1‐feeding experiments, in situ spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations consistently show that the direct coupling of *CO2 and *COOH is responsible for C−C bond formation on NiO, and subsequent reduction of *CO2‐COOH to ethanol is energetically facile through the *COCOH and *OC2H5 pathway. The unconventional C−C coupling mechanism on NiO, in contrast to the *CO dimerization on Cu, is triggered by strong CO2 adsorption on the polarized Ni2+‐O2− sites. The work not only demonstrates a highly selective Cu‐free Ni‐based alternative for CO2‐to‐C2+ alcohols transformation but also provides a new perspective on C−C coupling toward C2+ synthesis.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performances of Hard Carbon via Nickel‐Metal Catalyzed Surface Conversion Graphitic Crystallites
Authors: Yuan Junsheng , Li Muxuan , Jin Mengjing , Wang Yanting , Sun Guowen , Song Jianqiao , Zhou Jinyuan , Ni Xia , Pan Xiaojun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe surface of hard carbon is rich in micropores, disordered graphene layers, defects, and various functional groups that can serve as reactive sites. However, these reaction sites are non‐equivalent sites both electronically and geometrically. Consequently, the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formed on the hard carbon electrode exhibits instability in the organic electrolyte system, resulting in a continuous depletion of LiPF6 within the electrolyte, thereby compromising its cycling stability. Herein, the formation of stable SEI is induced by modulating the surface structure of hard carbon fibers. The transition metal nickel is utilized to convert the disordered structure on the surface of hard carbon fibers into graphitic crystallites at high temperatures. This also reduces the functional groups, micropores, defects, and disordered graphene layers on the surface of the hard carbon fibers, making the active sites equiv. Meanwhile, the highly active graphene edges are uniformly exposed as nucleation sites on the fibers surface, which induces the formation of a uniform and dense SEI and inhibits the continuous decomposition of LiPF6, thus improving the rate performance and cycling stability of the hard carbon.
Multi‐Structural and Biodegradable Humidity Sensors with Enhanced Surface Hydrophilicity
Authors: Brito‐Pereira Ricardo , Policia Rita , Macedo André S. , Tubio Carmen R , Borges Joel , Lanceros‐Mendez Senentxu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe increasing environmental impact from electronic waste (e‐waste) has prompted research into sustainable materials for biodegradable and transient electronics. Although some progress has been achieved, further improvement in terms of performance and sustainability is needed. This study introduces a humidity sensor composed of biodegradable poly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide acid) (PDLG) in novel and multi‐structural morphologies. It highlights the role of the sensors’ microscopic structural features in their performance, particularly in humidity sensitivity, to maximize the retention and detection of water molecules. Techniques such as electrospinning and electrospray are used to achieve specific fiber and sphere morphologies. Oxygen plasma treatments tuned their surface hydrophilicity, enhancing moisture interaction. Physicochemical characterization revealed that plasma‐treated morphologies lost up to 93% of their weight after six weeks, demonstrating high sensor degradation. Functional tests showed that the sphere‐based sensor exhibited low hysteresis (0.19%), high sensitivity (3.9 × 10⁷ MΩ/% RH), excellent repeatability, and fast response time (0.43s) in the 60−95% RH range. Additionally, NaCl functionalization further improved detection sensitivity and extended the detection range down to 30% RH. The biodegradable nature of the PDLG sensors allows their natural decomposition into eco‐friendly by‐products, minimizing their environmental impact, and addressing the environmental challenges associated with e‐waste.
A Universal Synthesis of Single‐Atom Catalysts via Operando Bond Formation Driven by Electricity
Authors: Zhan Xinyu , Zhang Libing , Choi Junyoung , Tan Xinyi , Hong Song , Wu Tai‐Sing , Xiong Pei , Soo Yun‐Liang , Hao Leiduan , Li Molly Meng‐Jung , Xu Liang , Robertson Alex W. , Jung Yousung , Sun Xiaofu , Sun Zhenyu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs), featuring highly uniform active sites, tunable coordination environments, and synergistic effects with support, have emerged as one of the most efficient catalysts for various reactions, particularly for electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR). However, the scalability of SACs is restricted due to the limited choice of available support and problems that emerge when preparing SACs by thermal deposition. Here, an in situ reconstruction method for preparing SACs is developed with a variety of atomic sites, including nickel, cadmium, cobalt, and magnesium. Driven by electricity, different oxygen‐containing metal precursors, such as MOF‐74 and metal oxides, are directly atomized onto nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) supports, yielding SACs with variable metal active sites and coordination structures. The electrochemical force facilitates the in situ generation of bonds between the metal and the supports without the need for additional complex steps. A series of MNxOy (M denotes metal) SACs on NC have been synthesized and utilized for ECR. Among these, NiNxOy SACs using Ni‐MOF‐74 as a metal precursor exhibit excellent ECR performance. This universal and general SAC synthesis strategy at room temperature is simpler than most reported synthesis methods to date, providing practical guidance for the design of the next generation of high‐performance SACs.
SKAP1 Expression in Cancer Cells Enhances Colon Tumor Growth and Impairs Cytotoxic Immunity by Promoting Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation via the NFATc1/CXCL8 Axis
Authors: Gao Jian , Liu Jun , Lu Jilin , Zhang Xiaofei , Zhang Wei , Li Qian , Cai Jiayi , Li Mengjun , Gan Yu , Tang Yifan , Wu Shuangjie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying the development and progression of colon cancer are not fully understood. Herein, Src kinase associated phosphoprotein 1 (SKAP1), an immune cell adaptor, is identified as a novel colon cancer‐related gene. SKAP1 expression is significantly increased in colon cancer cells. High SKAP1 levels are independently predictive of poor survival in patients with colon cancer. Notably, SKAP1 expression in colon cancer cells exerted a significant tumor‐promoting effect in vivo rather than in vitro. Screening of tumor‐infiltrating immune cells revealed the involvement of neutrophils in SKAP1‐induced colon tumor promotion. Enhanced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is found to be a key downstream event that contributed to the pro‐tumor role of SKAP1. In colon cancer cells, SKAP1 increased the expression of C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) via nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). The blockade of CXCL8 or NFATc1 largely attenuated neutrophil infiltration, NET formation, and tumor promotion induced by SKAP1. Furthermore, inhibiting SKAP1‐induced NET significantly enhanced the antitumor efficiency of adoptive natural killer cell therapy in colon tumor models. In conclusion, SKAP1 significantly promotes colon cancer growth via the cancer cell/neutrophil NFATc1/CXCL8/NET axis, suggesting that SKAP1 is a potential target for colon cancer therapy.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Hydrogen Generation from Mixtures of Hydrogen Boride Nanosheets and Phenanthroline Molecules
Authors: Takeshita Jumpei , Tsurugi Hayato , Mauliana Andi , Yamaguchi Akira , Kondo Takahiro , Miyauchi Masahiro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHydrogen boride (HB) nanosheets are recognized as a safe and lightweight hydrogen carrier, yet their hydrogen (H2) generation technique has been limited. In the present study, nitrogen‐containing organic heterocycles are mixed with HB nanosheets in acetonitrile solution for visible‐light‐driven H2 generation. After exploring various nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, the mixture of 1,10‐phenanthroline molecules (Phens) and HB nanosheets exhibited significant H2 generation even under visible light irradiation. The quantum efficiency for H2 generation of the mixture of HB nanosheets and Phens is 0.6%. Based on spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is determined that radical species generated from Phens with electrons and protons donated by HB nanosheets are responsive to visible light for H2 generation. The HB nanosheets/Phens mixture presented in this study can generate H2 using renewable energy sources such as sunlight without the need for complex electrochemical systems or heating mechanisms and is expected to serve as a lightweight hydrogen storage/release system.
Layer‐by‐Layer All‐Polymer Solar Cells Approaching 19% with Dual‐Donor Modulation of an Interpenetrating Network
Authors: Dou Yuejia , Zhang Jiabin , Zhong Zuiyi , Zhu Chang , Chen Zijian , Zhang Kai , Huang Fei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAll‐polymer systems are promising for commercial applications because the lower diffusivity of polymers helps to inhibit the large‐scaled phase separation and obtain excellent stability. Achieving a fine‐tuned morphology of the active layer with an appropriate vertical phase has long been a major goal in obtaining efficient all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). Herein, through the synergistic effect of layer‐by‐layer (LBL) structure and dual donor strategy, high performance and stable all‐PSCs are prepared by constructing an interpenetrating network. The introduction of the third component PTzBI‐dF suppresses excessive aggregation and reduces exciton recombination. The formation of a favorable p‐i‐n structure helps to adjust the vertical phase distribution and improve stability. Ultimately, through the fine optimization, PBQx‐T‐Cl:PTzBI‐dF/PY‐IT achieves a high PCE of 18.83%. This research demonstrates a simple and effective way to construct high‐performance OSCs by desirable active layer morphology and vertical phase distribution.
Predicting spatiotemporal patterns of productivity and grazing from multispectral data using neural network analysis based on system complexity
Authors: Ashworth A. J. , Avila A. , Smith H. , Winzeler T. E. , Owens P. , Flynn C. , O'Brien P. , Philipp D. , Su J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRemote sensing tools, along with Global Navigation Satellite System cattle collars and digital soil maps, may help elucidate spatiotemporal relationships among soils, terrain, forages, and animals. However, standard computational procedures preclude systems‐level evaluations across this continuum due to data inoperability and processing limitations. Deep learning, a subset of neural network, may elucidate efficiency of livestock production and linkages within the livestock‐grazing environment. Consequently, we applied deep learning to environmental remote sensing data to (1) develop predictive models for yield and forage nutrition based on vegetation indices and (2) at a pixel‐level (per 55 m2), identify how grazing is linked to soil properties, forage growth and nutrition, and terrain attributes in silvopasture and pasture‐only systems. Remotely sensed data rapidly and non‐destructively estimated herbage mass and nutritive value for enhanced net and primary productivity management in livestock and grazing systems. Cattle grazed big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii ‘Vitman’) with 182% greater frequency than orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) in the pasture‐only system. Real‐time estimates of vegetative bands may assist in predicting grazing pressure for more efficient pasture resource management. Cattle grazing followed distinct soil‐landscape patterns, namely reduced cattle grazing preference occurred in areas of water accumulation, which highlights linkages among terrain, soil‐water movement, soil properties, forage nutrition, and animal grazing response spatially and temporally. Results from this study could be scaled up to improve grazing management among the largest land‐use category in the United States, that is, grasslands, which would allow for sustainable intensification of forage‐based livestock production to meet growing demands for environmentally responsible protein.
Assessing the Impacts of Compost‐Bedded Pack Barns on the Productive Efficiency of Brazilian Dairy Farms
Authors: Ferreira Marcelo Dias Paes , Simões Andre Rozemberg Peixoto , Daniel Lindomar Pegorini , Nicholson Charles Frederick 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate differences in the technical efficiency of alternative milk production systems on Brazilian farms. Using a panel from 2014 to 2021 (1117 observations of 383 dairy farms) we compare the technical efficiency of more recently adopted Compost‐bedded Pack Barns (CPB) with that of Semi‐confinement (SC), and Unstructured confinement (UNS) systems. A stochastic frontier was estimated by a Generalized True Random Effects to assess the relationship between technical efficiency and the production systems adopted, decompose efficiency into Transient (short‐term) and Persistent (long‐term) components, and control for unobserved heterogeneity. We found that farms using confined systems are more efficient than those using semi‐confined systems. The decomposition of the Overall Technical Efficiency in its Persistent and Transient components suggests that farmers can be more efficient when dealing with short‐term shocks than when deciding which system to use. The use of more capital‐intensive technologies such as CPB may provide opportunities to improve dairy farm profitability and productivity growth in Brazil.
Diagnostic Accuracy of a Custom Large Language Model on Rare Pediatric Disease Case Reports
Authors: Young Cameron C. , Enichen Ellie , Rivera Christian , Auger Corinne A. , Grant Nathan , Rao Arya , Succi Marc D. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAccurately diagnosing rare pediatric diseases frequently represent a clinical challenge due to their complex and unusual clinical presentations. Here, we explore the capabilities of three large language models (LLMs), GPT‐4, Gemini Pro, and a custom‐built LLM (GPT‐4 integrated with the Human Phenotype Ontology [GPT‐4 HPO]), by evaluating their diagnostic performance on 61 rare pediatric disease case reports. The performance of the LLMs were assessed for accuracy in identifying specific diagnoses, listing the correct diagnosis among a differential list, and broad disease categories. In addition, GPT‐4 HPO was tested on 100 general pediatrics case reports previously assessed on other LLMs to further validate its performance. The results indicated that GPT‐4 was able to predict the correct diagnosis with a diagnostic accuracy of 13.1%, whereas both GPT‐4 HPO and Gemini Pro had diagnostic accuracies of 8.2%. Further, GPT‐4 HPO showed an improved performance compared with the other two LLMs in identifying the correct diagnosis among its differential list and the broad disease category. Although these findings underscore the potential of LLMs for diagnostic support, particularly when enhanced with domain‐specific ontologies, they also stress the need for further improvement prior to integration into clinical practice.
Patient‐reported disease control versus overall symptom severity as global metrics of chronic rhinosinusitis disease status
Authors: Cotter Ryan A. , Garcia Jack T. , Alsayed Ahmed , Schneider Sven , Liu David T. , Eckl‐Dorna Julia , Houssein Firas A. , Boparai Robby S. , Parail Nikhil A. , Chu Matthew M. , Meier Josh C. , Alsaleh Saad , Phillips Katie M. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundOverall symptom severity (OSS) and patient‐reported chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) control are global measures of CRS identified as consensus, essential criteria for CRS disease control assessment. We sought to determine the functional relationship between these two metrics.MethodsUsing an international multicenter mixed‐methods design, 260 CRS patients were recruited. OSS score was measured using a visual analog scale. Patient‐reported CRS control was measured as “controlled,” “partly controlled,” and “uncontrolled.” Twelve participants underwent semi‐structured interviews to discuss OSS and patient‐reported CRS control.ResultsThe majority of interviewed participants felt OSS and patient‐reported CRS control measured different constructs—while OSS only measured symptoms, patient‐reported CRS control was more global, including not only symptom severity but also concepts such as medication usage, activity impairment, and exacerbations. Nevertheless, OSS score was strongly correlated with (ρ = 0.67, p < 0.001) and highly predictive of patient‐reported CRS control. OSS score of >4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8–4.2) had 74.7% sensitivity and 93.2% specificity in identifying patients reporting their CRS as not controlled. OSS score of >6.6 (95% CI: 4.1–7.1) had 77.0% sensitivity and 75.9% specificity in identifying patients reporting their CRS as uncontrolled. The 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test score was also predictive of patient‐reported CRS disease control but OSS was significantly more predictive.ConclusionsPatients conceptually view patient‐reported CRS control as a more global measure that subsumes OSS. Quantitatively, however, OSS is highly correlated with patient‐reported CRS control, possibly reflecting their redundancy. For ease of use, we recommend patient‐reported CRS control be reflected by OSS <4 for controlled, 4 ≤ OSS < 7 for partly controlled, and OSS ≥7 for uncontrolled CRS.
In office sampling of eosinophil peroxidase to diagnose eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Callander Jacquelyn K. , Charbit Annabelle R. , Khanna Kritika , Fahy John V. , Tang Monica , Liegeois Maude , Pletcher Steven D. , Goldberg Andrew N. , Gurrola Jose G. , Murr Andrew H. , Butrymowicz Anna , Loftus Patricia A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPractical biomarkers for endotypic characterization of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remain elusive, hindering clinical utility. Eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) is an enzyme released by activated eosinophils. The objective of this study was to evaluate a clinic EPX assay as a marker of eosinophilic CRS.MethodsSubjects with and without CRS presenting to a tertiary care rhinology clinic were prospectively enrolled, and nasal cytology brushings were collected from the middle meatus during in‐clinic nasal endoscopy. ELISA assay was used to quantify EPX levels, and a customized multiplex immunoassay was used to quantify inflammatory cytokine mediators. Findings were correlated with clinical data.ResultsForty‐two subjects were enrolled, including 31 CRS subjects and 11 controls. Median EPX levels were 125.0 ng/mL (standard deviation [SD] 1745.8) and 6.5 ng/mL (SD 99.0) for CRS group and controls, respectively (p = 0.003). EPX levels were associated with history of asthma (p = 0.015), allergies (p = 0.028), polyps (p = 0.0006), smell loss (p = 0.006), and systemic eosinophilia or elevated immunoglobulin E (p ≤ 0.0001). Twenty‐eight subjects from both the CRS and control groups had prior pathology for comparison, with histologic confirmation of local tissue eosinophilia (>10 eosinophils/hpf) in 11 subjects. This subgroup had a median EPX level of 967.5 ng/mL compared to 10.6 ng/mL in 17 subjects without local tissue eosinophilia (p = 0.0008). EPX levels were positively correlated to interleukin‐5 levels (p = 0.0005).ConclusionEPX levels can be measured via well‐tolerated in‐clinic collection of nasal mucus. EPX levels are associated with clinical markers of type 2 inflammation and tissue eosinophilia and may provide a valuable diagnostic tool to delineate eosinophilic CRS.
A Rationally Designed Azobenzene Photoswitch for DNA G‐Quadruplex Regulation in Live Cells
Authors: Dudek Marta , López‐Pacios Lucía , Sabouri Nasim , Nogueira Juan J. , Martinez‐Fernandez Lara , Deiana Marco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractG‐quadruplex (G4) DNA structures are increasingly acknowledged as promising targets in cancer research, and the development of G4‐specific stabilizing compounds may lay a fundamental foundation in precision medicine for cancer treatment. Here, we propose a light‐responsive G4‐binder for precise modulation of drug activation, providing dynamic and spatiotemporal control over G4‐associated biological processes contributing to cancer cell death. We developed a specialized fluorinated azobenzene (AB) switch equipped with a quinoline unit and a positively charged carboxamide side chain, Q‐Azo4F‐C, designed for targeted binding to G4 structures within cells. Biophysical studies, combined with molecular dynamics simulations, provide insights into the unique coordination modes of the photoswitchable ligand in its trans and cis configurations when interacting with G4s. The observed variations in complexation processes between the two isomeric states in different cancer cell lines manifest in more than 25‐fold reversible cytotoxic activity. Immunostaining conducted with the structure‐specific G4 antibody (BG4), establishes a direct correlation between cytotoxicity and the varying extent of G4 induction regulated by the two isoforms. Finally, we demonstrate the photo‐driven reversible regulation of G4 structures in lung cancer cells by Q‐Azo4F‐C. Our findings highlight the potential of light‐responsive G4‐binders in advancing precision cancer therapy through dynamic control of G4‐mediated pathways.