bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4-1BB Agonist Focuses CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating T-Cell Growth into a Distinct Repertoire Capable of Tumor Recognition in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Sakellariou-Thompson Donastas , Forget Marie-Andrée , Creasy Caitlin , Bernard Vincent , Zhao Li , Kim Young Uk , Hurd Mark W. , Uraoka Naohiro , Parra Edwin Roger , Kang Ya'an , Bristow Christopher A. , Rodriguez-Canales Jaime , Fleming Jason B. , Varadhachary Gauri , Javle Milind , Overman Michael J. , Alvarez Hector A. , Heffernan Timothy P. , Zhang Jianhua , Hwu Patrick , Maitra Anirban , Haymaker Cara , Bernatchez Chantale 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Survival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients is extremely poor and improved therapies are urgently needed. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has shown great promise in other tumor types, such as metastatic melanoma where overall response rates of 50% have been seen. Given this success and the evidence showing that T-cell presence positively correlates with overall survival in PDAC, we sought to enrich for CD8+ TILs capable of autologous tumor recognition. In addition, we explored the phenotype and T-cell receptor repertoire of the CD8+ TILs in the tumor microenvironment.
Experimental Design: We used an agonistic 4-1BB mAb during the initial tumor fragment culture to provide 4-1BB costimulation and assessed changes in TIL growth, phenotype, repertoire, and antitumor function.
Results: Increased CD8+ TIL growth from PDAC tumors was achieved with the aid of an agonistic 4-1BB mAb. Expanded TILs were characterized by an activated but not terminally differentiated phenotype. Moreover, 4-1BB stimulation expanded a more clonal and distinct CD8+ TIL repertoire than IL2 alone. TILs from both culture conditions displayed MHC class I-restricted recognition of autologous tumor targets.
Conclusions: Costimulation with an anti-4-1BB mAb increases the feasibility of TIL therapy by producing greater numbers of these tumor-reactive T cells. These results suggest that TIL ACT for PDAC is a potential treatment avenue worth further investigation for a patient population in dire need of improved therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7263–75. ©2017 AACR.
Treg Depletion Licenses T Cell–Driven HEV Neogenesis and Promotes Tumor Destruction
Authors: Colbeck Emily J. , Jones Emma , Hindley James P. , Smart Kathryn , Schulz Ralph , Browne Molly , Cutting Scott , Williams Anwen , Parry Lee , Godkin Andrew , Ware Carl F. , Ager Ann , Gallimore Awen 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
T-cell infiltration into tumors represents a critical bottleneck for immune-mediated control of cancer. We previously showed that this bottleneck can be overcome by depleting immunosuppressive Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), a process that can increase frequencies of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes through promoting the development of specialized portals for lymphocyte entry, namely high endothelial venules (HEVs). In this paper, we used a carcinogen-induced tumor model that allows for coevolution of the tumor microenvironment and the immune response to demonstrate that Treg depletion not only results in widespread disruption to HEV networks in lymph nodes (LNs) but also activates CD8+ T cells, which then drive intratumoral HEV development. Formation of these vessels contrasts with ontogenic HEV development in LNs in that the process is dependent on the TNF receptor and independent of lymphotoxin β receptor–mediated signaling. These intratumoral HEVs do not express the chemokine CCL21, revealing a previously undescribed intratumoral blood vessel phenotype. We propose a model where Treg depletion enables a self-amplifying loop of T-cell activation, which promotes HEV development, T-cell infiltration, and ultimately, tumor destruction. The findings point to a need to test for HEV development as part of ongoing clinical studies in patients with cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(11); 1005–15. ©2017 AACR.
<b>Effects of the invasive Tilapia on the Common Spiny Loach (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae: <I>Lepidocephalichthys thermalis</I>) - implications for conservation</b>
Authors: Tapkir Sandip D. , Kharat Sanjay S. , Kumkar Pradeep , Gosavi Sachin M. 
Published: September 2017

The introduction of invasive species leading to decline of freshwater fauna is a major concern for conservation biologists. In this study we examined the effect of introduced Tilapia on the survival of the loach Lepidocephalichthys thermalis via predation experiments with Tilapia and a native predator, the Snakehead fish Channa gachua. Examining the chemoecology of prey-predator interactions, we found that L. thermalis failed to detect water-borne cues from Tilapia but did recognize cues from C. gachua, indicating innate predator recognition. We also observed that L. thermalis can learn to associate kairomones with Tilapia when conditioned with kairomones and injured conspecific cues. Trained L. thermalis showed higher survival during Tilapia predation trials. Thus under experimental conditions the vulnerability of L. thermalis to Tilapia predation due to failure to detect chemical cues can be reduced via associative training. It remains to be determined how useful this behavioral plasticity can be in wild L. thermalis populations exposed to introduced Tilapia.
SIRT2 Acts as a Cardioprotective Deacetylase in Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Tang Xiaoqiang , Chen Xiao-Feng , Wang Nan-Yu , Wang Xiao-Man , Liang Shu-Ting , Zheng Wei , Lu Yun-Biao , Zhao Xiang , Hao De-Long , Zhang Zhu-Qin , Zou Ming-Hui , Liu De-Pei , Chen Hou-Zao 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy induced by stresses such as aging and neurohumoral activation is an independent risk factor for heart failure and is considered a target for the treatment of heart failure. However, the mechanisms underlying pathological cardiac hypertrophy remain largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the roles of SIRT2 in aging-related and angiotensin II (Ang II)–induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy.

Methods:

Male C57BL/6J wild-type and
Sirt2
knockout mice were subjected to the investigation of aging-related cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy was also induced by Ang II (1.3 mg/kg/d for 4 weeks) in male C57BL/6J
Sirt2
knockout mice, cardiac-specific
SIRT2
transgenic (
SIRT2
-Tg) mice, and their respective littermates (8 to ≈12 weeks old). Metformin (200 mg/kg/d) was used to treat wild-type and
Sirt2
knockout mice infused with Ang II. Cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac function were examined in these mice.

Results:

SIRT2 protein expression levels were downregulated in hypertrophic hearts from mice.
Sirt2
knockout markedly exaggerated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and decreased cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening in aged (24-month-old) mice and Ang II–infused mice. Conversely, cardiac-specific
SIRT2
overexpression protected the hearts against Ang II–induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and rescued cardiac function. Mechanistically, SIRT2 maintained the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in aged and Ang II–induced hypertrophic hearts in vivo as well as in cardiomyocytes in vitro. We identified the liver kinase B1 (LKB1), the major upstream kinase of AMPK, as the direct target of SIRT2. SIRT2 bound to LKB1 and deacetylated it at lysine 48, which promoted the phosphorylation of LKB1 and the subsequent activation of LKB1-AMPK signaling. Remarkably, the loss of SIRT2 blunted the response of AMPK to metformin treatment in mice infused with Ang II and repressed the metformin-mediated reduction of cardiac hypertrophy and protection of cardiac function.

Conclusions:
SIRT2 promotes AMPK activation by deacetylating the kinase LKB1. Loss of SIRT2 reduces AMPK activation, promotes aging-related and Ang II–induced cardiac hypertrophy, and blunts metformin-mediated cardioprotective effects. These findings indicate that SIRT2 will be a potential target for therapeutic interventions in aging- and stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
An Illustration of China’s “Paradoxical Soft Power”: The Dissemination of the Gambling Game Fantan (番攤) by the Cantonese Diaspora, 1850–1950 (中國「匪夷所思的軟實力」：一八五零至一九五零年之間粵僑博奕遊戲「番攤」在海外傳播的例子)
Authors: Paulès (包利威) Xavier 
Published: September 2017

This article investigates the dissemination of fantan (番攤), a very popular gambling game, during the period 1850–1950, by the Cantonese diaspora. It insists that fantan should not be considered only socially destructive as, by different means, it turned out to be instrumental in reinforcing the cohesiveness of the overseas Cantonese communities. Fantan was also one of the Chinese games that crossed the boundaries of the diaspora to take root in the local population in certain countries, though this was not the case everywhere. In theusa, for example, it remained an exotic oddity in the eyes of the local people. In the cases of Vietnam and Philippines, the local population emulated the Chinese and took up this game which was given a local name. The dissemination of fantan is one typical manifestation of the “paradoxical soft power of China”: despite China’s relative weakness during that time, its cultural influence, as a consequence of the development of the diaspora, greatly extended overseas.本文探討粵僑之間流行的博奕遊戲《番攤》在一八五零年到一九五零年之間的傳播。我的主要論點是：番攤不應只被視為一種負面的社會行為，它同時具有凝聚粵僑社群的正面功能。番攤是一種使跨越國境的僑民可以在僑居地與當地人民互動的媒介。但這個媒介作用在各地是不同的：在美國，本地人視番攤為難以接受的奇風異俗；在越南及菲律賓，當地人則模倣華人的玩法，並賦與它當地的名字。番攤在海外各地的流傳可以視為一種中國「匪夷所思的軟實力」的展現。儘管當時中國是一個比較弱的國家，但歸功於華僑在海外的發展，他的文化影響力也大規模地擴展到海外。 (This article is in English).
A new Stemonitis species and a new record of Elaeomyxa from China
Authors: BO ZHANG , YU LI 
Published: September 2017

A new species, Stemonitis planusis, was collected in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, Hubei Province, China; it has larger sporocarps that usually end in a plane at the apex of the sporotheca, and its capillitia are expanded at the axils. Additionally, Elaeomyxa Hagelst. was documented for the first time in China; E. miyazakiensis (Emoto) Hagelst. was identified based on material collected from Dasu Forest, Fushun City, Liaoning Province, China. This newly recorded species is characterised by the wax in its stalk, peridium, and capillitium, and spores (approximately 7–8 μm in diam.) marked with rows of warts. A description and scanning electron micrographs of the collected Elaeomyxa and Stemonitis are provided. All specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of the Mycological Institute of Jilin Agricultural University (HMJAU), Changchun, China.
Lymph Node Yield in Therapeutic Neck Dissection: Impact of Dissection Levels and Prior Radiotherapy
Authors: Lippert Dylan , Dang Phat , Cannon Donald , Harari Paul M. , McCulloch Timothy M. , Hoffman Matthew R. , Hartig Gregory K. 
Published: September 2017

Objective: Lymph node yield in therapeutic neck dissection is clinically significant and incompletely studied. We quantified node yield based on extent of neck dissection and presence of preoperative radiation. We also evaluated factors affecting incidence of extracapsular spread (ECS). Methods: Retrospective review of 499 patients undergoing therapeutic neck dissection; 414 patients met inclusion criteria and were divided into 2 groups: neck dissection alone or before radiation (surgery first: 280 patients; 385 dissections) and primary radiation before surgery (radiation first: 134 patients; 157 dissections). Node yield relative to levels dissected and incidence of ECS were examined. Results: Dissection-specific node yield was greater in the surgery first group for dissection of levels I-V (31.1 ± 16.7 vs 24.0 ± 14.7, P < .001) and levels II-V (26.7 ± 14.4 vs 21.1 ± 10.7). Extracapsular spread incidence was 32.1% (98/305) in the surgery first group and 15.4% (23/149) in the radiation first group ( P < .001). Conclusion: This study clarifies anticipated node yield based on number of levels dissected and presence of preoperative radiation. Node yield and incidence of ECS are lower in patients undergoing preoperative radiation.
Comparison between Awake Endoscopy and Computed Tomography to Define Lingual Tonsil Hypertrophy
Authors: Tang Jessica A. , Gorelick Gleb , Friedman Michael 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesTo analyze correlations between endoscopic lingual tonsil grade (LTG) by the Friedman Lingual Tonsil Hypertrophy grading system and computed tomography (CT) measurements of lingual tonsil thickness (LTT).Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingSingle‐center database, September 2016 to April 2017.Subjects and MethodsPatients who received CT covering base of tongue and endoscopic LTG were included. LTT was measured on axial and sagittal CT. LTT measurements were compared against endoscopic LTG. One‐way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc adjustment for multiple comparisons was performed.ResultsSeventy‐five charts were included for a total of 150 LTT measurements. Axial CT measurements of LTG 1 and LTG 2 were each significantly different from LTG 3 (P <. 001 for both), and LTG 1 and LTG 2 also differed significantly (P =. 010). Mean sagittal CT measurements were significantly different between LTG 1 and LTG 3 (P <. 001) and between LTG 2 and LTG 3 (P =. 002) but not between LTG 1 and LTG 2 (P =. 186). Those without lingual tonsil hypertrophy had a mean axial CT thickness of 6.45 ± 1.39 mm and mean sagittal CT thickness of 6.58 ± 1.53 mm, which was significantly different from both the mean axial CT thickness of 8.48 ± 1.52 mm and the mean sagittal CT thickness of 8.07 ± 1.16 mm in the LTG 3 group (P <. 001 for both). Threshold analysis showed a potential cutoff of approximately 7.5 mm on axial and sagittal CT for defining clinically significant lingual tonsil hypertrophy.ConclusionAwake endoscopy grading of lingual tonsil hypertrophy is a subjective measurement that seems to correlate with objective CT measurements. LTT measurements of LTG 1 and LTG 2 on awake endoscopy differed significantly from LTG 3.
Can Dexmedetomidine Influence Recovery Profiles from General Anesthesia in Nasal Surgery?
Authors: Lee Ho Seok , Yoon Ho Young , Jin Ho Jun , Hwang Se Hwan 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesDexmedetomidine has sympatholytic, sedative, anesthetic, and analgesic effects, as well as vasoconstrictive effects, which may help prevent hypotension under general anesthesia. This meta‐analysis aimed to perform a systematic review of the literature and investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on perioperative morbidity following nasal surgery and its adverse effects.Data SourcesMEDLINE, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane database.Review MethodsTwo authors independently searched the databases from their inception to March 2017. Studies were selected that compared perioperative dexmedetomidine administration (dexmedetomidine groups) with a placebo or remifentanil (control groups) with regard to intraoperative morbidity, including surgical time, bleeding amount, hypotension, and bradycardia during operation, and postoperative morbidity, such as emergence agitation, nausea and vomiting, and sedation after operation.ResultsSurgical time, intraoperative blood loss, dose of inhaled anesthetic gas, dose of fentanyl, postoperative pain, and incidence of emergence agitation were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group versus the placebo group. In contrast, there were no significant differences in intraoperative hemodynamic stability and postoperative residual sedation and nausea and vomiting between groups. Additionally, compared with remifentanil (a currently widely used agent), dexmedetomidine was superior in view of postoperative pain and intraoperative blood pressure control.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis shows that the systemic administration of dexmedetomidine can decrease surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and doses of intraoperative inhaled anesthetic gas and fentanyl as compared with placebo. It can also decrease postoperative pain and incidence of the emergence agitation. Due to the small number of studies, further clinical trials are needed to confirm these results.
Rectovaginal fistula following surgery for deep infiltrating endometriosis: Does lesion size matter?
Authors: Zheng Yunxi , Zhang Ning , Lu Weiqi , Zhang Liang , Gu Shouxin , Zhang Ying , Yi Xiaofang , Hua Keqin 
Published: September 2017

Objective This study was performed to identify risk factors for postoperative rectovaginal fistula (PRF) in patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). Methods Data were retrospectively obtained from the medical records of 104 patients with DIE, and statistical analysis was used to detect risk factors for PRF. Results Five of 104 (4.8%) patients developed PRF from 5 to 16 days postoperatively. The operative procedures included 84 (80.8%) superficial excisions, 6 (5.8%) full-thickness disc excisions, and 14 (13.5%) bowel resections. Most lesions were located in the cul-de-sac, and the mean lesion size was 2.6 cm (range, 0.5–7.0 cm). The univariate analysis showed that lesion location, larger lesion size, and surgical technique were statistically significant risk factors for PRF. Conclusion Surgical procedures should be very carefully executed in patients with DIE lesions of ≥4 cm.
Midterm Outcomes of a Fixed-Bearing Total Ankle Arthroplasty With Deformity Analysis
Authors: Harston Andrew , Lazarides Alexander L. , Adams Samuel B. , DeOrio James K. , Easley Mark E. , Nunley James A. 
Published: September 2017

Background: We present our results with an INBONE I (Wright Medical, Memphis, TN) prosthesis that have a minimum of 4 to 10 years of follow-up and include a preoperative deformity analysis on outcomes. Methods: A consecutive series of 149 patients, from 2007 to 2011, at a single institution were enrolled. Pain and patient-reported function were assessed preoperatively and at yearly follow-ups. We analyzed the data for complications, reoperations, and failures (defined as undergoing revision for exchange or removal of one or both metallic components for any reason). Patients were also grouped according to coronal plane tibiotalar alignment; either ≥10 degrees or <10 degrees, and these outcomes were compared. Our follow-up ranged from 48 to 113 months (average 5.9 years). Results: There was significant improvement ( P < .05) in the visual analog scale for pain, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society hindfoot scale, Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment, and Short Form 36-Item Health Survey scores at most recent follow-up. There were 14 implant failures with overall survivorship of 90.6% (135/149). Reasons for failure included cysts/loosening (7), talar subsidence (4), fractured component (1), impingement pain (1), and infection (1). Seventy-two patients (48.3%) with preoperative coronal plane deformity of ≥10 degrees varus or valgus were compared to 78 patients (51.7%) with <10 degrees deformity. There was no difference in patient outcome scores or revision rates between these patient groups. There was a statistically significant difference ( P = .039) in reoperation rates among patients with ≥10 degrees deformity (22.2%) compared to those without such a deformity (37.7%) Conclusion: Patients who underwent INBONE I fixed-bearing total ankle arthroplasty demonstrated significant improvement in outcomes at a mean of 5.9 years. Catastrophic talar component collapse did occur (2.7% of cases), but relatively rarely. The patients with preoperative coronal plane tibiotalar deformity had similar pain relief, function, and need for revision of implant components. Despite the presumed shortcomings of the INBONE I’s design, this implant showed promising results, with or without deformity, at midterm follow-up with survivorship of 90.6%. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.
Percepciones de las Mujeres Mexicanas Sobre el Uso de Métodos Anticonceptivos
Authors: Caudillo-Ortega Lucía , García-Rodríguez Adriana A. , Harrison Tracie , Onofre-Rodríguez Dora J. , Benavides-Torres Raquel A. , Pratz-Andrade Ma. Teresa 
Published: September 2017

Introducción: Más del 50% de los embarazos a nivel mundial son no planeados. El 99% de los embarazos no planeados se presentan en países en desarrollo, el 38% de estos en América Latina y el Caribe. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, a través un análisis de contenido congruente con la descripción cualitativa. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a mujeres de 18 a 24 años de edad. Resultados: La angustia por un cambio de vida, el tener planes para el futuro y una relación formal mayor a un año son los principales motivos para usar un método anticonceptivo de forma correcta y consistente. Las barreras reportadas para el uso de métodos anticonceptivos fueron los efectos secundarios, las creencias de los padres acerca de la sexualidad y la reproducción y el estigma hacia las mujeres que usan métodos anticonceptivos. Conclusiones: Las principales barreras en las mujeres son las de tipo cultural. Los hallazgos muestran que la influencia de la red social es más importante que las creencias individuales. Por lo que se debe de incluir al personal de salud y la comunidad en las intervenciones de salud.
The impact of airway strategy on the patient outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Sulzgruber Patrick , Datler Philip , Sterz Fritz , Poppe Michael , Lobmeyr Elisabeth , Keferböck Markus , Zeiner Sebastian , Nürnberger Alexander , Schober Andreas , Hubner Pia , Stratil Peter , Wallmueller Christian , Weiser Christoph , Warenits Alexandra-Maria , Zajicek Andreas , Ettl Florian , Magnet Ingrid , Uray Thomas , Testori Christoph , van Tulder Raphael 
Published: September 2017

Background: While guidelines mentioned supraglottic airway management in the case of out-of- hospital cardiac arrest, robust data of their impact on the patient outcome remain scare and results are inconclusive. Methods: To assess the impact of the airway strategy on the patient outcome we prospectively enrolled 2224 individuals suffering cardiac arrest who were treated by the Viennese municipal emergency medical service. To control for potential confounders, propensity score matching was performed. Patients were matched in four groups with a 1:1:1:1 ratio ( n=210/group) according to bag-mask-valve, laryngeal tube, endotracheal intubation and secondary endotracheal intubation after primary laryngeal tube ventilation. Results: The laryngeal tube subgroup showed the lowest 30-day survival rate among all tested devices ( p<0.001). However, in the case of endotracheal intubation after primary laryngeal tube ventilation, survival rates were comparable to the primary endotracheal tube subgroup. The use of a laryngeal tube was independently and directly associated with mortality with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.97 (confidence interval: 1.14–3.39; p=0.015). Additionally, patients receiving laryngeal tube ventilation showed the lowest rate of good neurological performance (6.7%; p<0.001) among subgroups. However, if patients received endotracheal intubation after initial laryngeal tube ventilation, the outcome proved to be significantly better (9.5%; p<0.001). Conclusion: We found that the use of a laryngeal tube for airway management in cardiac arrest was significantly associated with poor 30-day survival rates and unfavourable neurological outcome. A primary endotracheal airway management needs to be considered at the scene, or an earliest possible secondary endotracheal intubation during both pre-hospital and in-hospital post-return of spontaneous circulation critical care seems crucial and most beneficial for the patient outcome.