bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute necrotising gingivitis in young children from villages with and without noma in Niger and its association with sociodemographic factors, nutritional status and oral hygiene practices: results of a population-based survey
Authors: Baratti-Mayer Denise , Gayet-Ageron Angèle , Cionca Norbert , Mossi Mahamadou Abdoulaye , Pittet Didier , Mombelli Andrea 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that acute necrotising gingivitis precedes noma disease and that noma clusters in some villages in certain regions of low- and middle-income countries. We sought to assess the prevalence of gingivitis with bleeding in young children from villages with or without a history of noma and to analyse epidemiological differences related to sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional status and oral hygiene practices.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in 440 children aged between 2 and 6 years from four villages in the Zinder region of southeast Niger in Africa. In two villages, cases of noma have repeatedly been detected; in the other two, noma has never been identified. We randomly selected 110 participants from each village.ResultsThe prevalence of acute necrotising gingivitis was significantly higher in the noma villages compared with the non-noma villages (6.8% vs 0.9%; p=0.001). We found differences between the four villages regarding socioeconomic factors, stunting, undernourishment and oral hygiene practices. The type of oral hygiene procedures influenced the amount of dental plaque and gingival inflammation. Children using sand, coal or other abrasive products instead of a toothbrush had a significantly increased likelihood to be diagnosed with acute necrotising gingivitis (p=0.041).ConclusionsOur data suggest that efforts to prevent noma should focus on populations with a high prevalence of acute necrotising gingivitis and include nutritional support and attempts to introduce safe and efficient oral hygiene practices to improve gingival health.
Prevalence and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy in Beijing, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cui Jing , Ren Ji-Ping , Chen Dong-Ning , Xin Zhong , Yuan Ming-Xia , Xu Jie , You Qi-Sheng , Yang Jin-Kui 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesThe study aimed to determine the exact risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the Chinese population using a cohort of 17  985 individuals from Beijing, China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA hospital.Participants17  985 individuals from Beijing, China.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThis was a cross-sectional study of permanent residents from the Changping area (Beijing, China) recruited from July 2010 to March 2011 and from March 2014 to February 2015 during a routine health examination at the Tongren Hospital of Beijing. Eye examinations were conducted by experienced ophthalmologists. Medical history, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure were recorded. Routine laboratory examinations were performed.ResultsThe prevalence of DR was 1.5% in the general study population and 8.1% among individuals with diabetes. Compared with the non-DR group, individuals in the DR group in the diabetes population had longer disease duration, higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and uric acid (UA) (in men) and lower UA (in women) (all p<0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that disease duration (p<0.001), BMI (p=0.046), SBP (p=0.012), creatinine clearance rate (CCR) (p=0.014), UA (p=0.018) and FPG (p<0.001) were independently associated with DR in patients with diabetes.ConclusionThe prevalence of DR was 8.1% among patients with diabetes. Disease duration, BMI, SBP, CCR, UA and FPG were independently associated with DR.
Predictors of 1-year mortality in heart transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Foroutan Farid , Alba Ana Carolina , Guyatt Gordon , Duero Posada Juan , Ng Fat Hing Nicholas , Arseneau Erika , Meade Maureen , Hanna Steven , Badiwala Mitesh , Ross Heather 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveA systematic summary of the observational studies informing heart transplant guideline recommendations for selection of candidates and donors has thus far been unavailable. We performed a meta-analysis to better understand the impact of such known risk factors.MethodsWe systematically searched and meta-analysed the association between known pretransplant factor and 1-year mortality identified by multivariable regression models. Our review used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation for assessing the quality of assessment. We pooled risk estimates by using random effects models.ResultsRecipient variables including age (HR 1.16 per 10-year increase, 95% CI 1.10–1.22, high quality), congenital aetiology (HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.62 to 3.41, moderate quality), diabetes (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.62, high quality), creatinine (HR 1.11 per 1 mg/dL increase, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.16, high quality), mechanical ventilation (HR 2.46, 95% CI 1.48 to 4.09, low quality) and short-term mechanical circulatory support (MCS) (HR 2.47, 95% CI 1.04 to 5.87, low quality) were significantly associated with 1-year mortality. Donor age (HR 1.20 per 10-year increase, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.26, high quality) and female donor to male recipient sex mismatch (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.80, high quality) were significantly associated with 1-year mortality. None of the operative factors proved significant predictors.ConclusionHigh-quality and moderate-quality evidence demonstrates that recipient age, congenital aetiology, creatinine, pulsatile MCS, donor age and female donor to male recipient sex mismatch are associated with 1-year mortality post heart transplant. The results of this study should inform future guideline and predictive model development.
Acute chest pain evaluation using coronary computed tomography angiography compared with standard of care: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Gongora Carlos A , Bavishi Chirag , Uretsky Seth , Argulian Edgar 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveCoronary CT angiography (CCTA) has certain advantages compared with stress testing including greater accuracy in identifying obstructive coronary disease. The aim of the study was to perform a systematical review and meta-analysis comparing CCTA with other standard-of-care (SOC) approaches in evaluation of patients with acute chest pain.MethodsElectronic databases were systematically searched to identify randomised clinical trials of patients with acute chest pain comparing CCTA with SOC approaches. We examined the following end points: mortality, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), myocardial infarction (MI), invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and revascularisation. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and their 95% CIs were calculated using random-effects models.ResultsTen trials with 6285 patients were included. The trials used different definitions and implementation for SOC but all used physiologic testing. The clinical follow-up ranged from 1 to 19 months. There were no significant differences in all-cause mortality (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.36, p=0.17), MI (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.39, p=0.47) or MACE (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.43, p=0.92) between the groups. However, significantly higher rates of ICA (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.63, p=0.01) and revascularisation (RR 1.77, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.31, p<0.0001) were observed in the CCTA arm.ConclusionsCompared with other SOC approaches use of CCTA is associated with similar major adverse cardiac events but higher rates of revascularisation in patients with acute chest pain.
The Beryl Field area: increasing production in a mature asset
Authors: Pyle J. , Farquharson G. , Gibson J. , Helgeson D. , Towart J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The Beryl Field is one of the largest oil fields in the UK Continental Shelf. Mobil commenced production in 1976 via the Beryl Alpha platform. Production peaked at approximately 200 000 BOE/day in 1993 before declining to around 50 000 BOE/day in 2012.
Apache assumed operatorship in 2012 and, along with partners Shell, has arrested and reversed production decline on platform production through investment in 3D seismic data, drilling, workovers and improvements to operational efficiency. Redevelopment to date by the Beryl area partnership has focused on strategic wells across multiple play types and fields. These wells have realized an 88% success rate and have led to the delineation of additional, lower risk, drill locations. Drilling flexibility, a deep target inventory and effective partner relationships help to expedite the most valuable opportunities and maintain the drilling campaign.
In the future, production growth is anticipated through cost-effective developments of new and existing near-field opportunities, including the recently discovered Callater Field with first oil planned in 2017.
Three case studies will illustrate: the importance of structural compartmentalization in under-developed fields; the opportunities remaining in mature fields as a result of historical field management practices; and the value of near and new field opportunities for extending field life.
Spinal BDNF-induced phrenic motor facilitation requires PKCθ activity
Authors: Agosto-Marlin Ibis M. , Mitchell Gordon S. 
Published: August 2017

Spinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is necessary and sufficient for certain forms of long-lasting phrenic motor facilitation (pMF). BDNF elicits pMF by binding to its high-affinity receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), on phrenic motor neurons, potentially activating multiple downstream signaling cascades. Canonical BDNF/TrkB signaling includes the 1) Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK MAP kinase, 2) phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and 3) PLCγ/PKC pathways. Here we demonstrate that spinal BDNF-induced pMF requires PLCγ/PKCθ in normal rats but not MEK/ERK or PI3K/Akt signaling. Cervical intrathecal injections of MEK/ERK (U0126) or PI3K/Akt (PI-828; 100 μM, 12 μl) inhibitor had no effect on BDNF-induced pMF (90 min after BDNF; U0126 + BDNF: 59 ± 14%, PI-828 + BDNF: 59 ± 8%, inhibitor vehicle + BDNF: 56 ± 7%; all P ≥ 0.05). In contrast, PKCθ inhibition with theta inhibitory peptide (TIP; 0.86 mM, 12 μl) prevented BDNF-induced pMF (90 min after BDNF; TIP + BDNF: −2 ± 2%; P ≤ 0.05 vs. other groups). Thus BDNF-induced pMF requires downstream PLCγ/PKCθ signaling, contrary to initial expectations. NEW AND NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that BDNF-induced pMF requires downstream signaling via PKCθ but not MEK/ERK or PI3K/Akt signaling. These data are essential to understand the sequence of the cellular cascade leading to BDNF-dependent phrenic motor plasticity.
Therapeutic Targeting of Oncogenic Tyrosine Phosphatases
Authors: Frankson Rochelle , Yu Zhi-Hong , Bai Yunpeng , Li Qinglin , Zhang Ruo-Yu , Zhang Zhong-Yin 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) are exciting and novel targets for cancer drug discovery that work in concert with protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) in controlling cellular homeostasis. Given the activating role that some PTKs play in initiating growth factor–mediated cellular processes, PTPs are usually perceived as the negative regulators of these events and therefore tumor suppressive in nature. However, mounting evidence indicate that PTPs do not always antagonize the activity of PTKs in regulating tyrosine phosphorylation, but can also play dominant roles in the initiation and progression of signaling cascades that regulate cell functions. It follows, therefore, that PTP malfunction can actively contribute to a host of human disorders, in particular, cancer, metabolic syndromes, and autoimmune diseases. The Src homology domain containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) and the three-membered family of phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRL) are infamously oncogenic members of the PTP superfamily. Both are established regulators of major cancer pathways such as Ras/ERK1/2, Src, JAK/STAT, JNK, NF-κB, and PTEN/PI3K/AKT. Furthermore, upregulation, mutation, or other dysregulation of these PTPs has been positively correlated with cancer initiation and progression. This review will provide topical coverage of target validation and drug discovery efforts made in targeting these oncogenic PTPs as compelling candidates for cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5701–5. ©2017 AACR.
Routine Production: Publishing Qianlong’s Poetry Collections
Authors: Yan Zinan 
Published: August 2017

Emperor Qianlong (1711-1799, r. 1735-1795) published his imperial poetry collections at regular intervals during his reign. This article reconstructs the gradual process of routinization of these activities through a close reading of the collections’ prefaces and postscripts. Understanding this process helps us to understand the subtlety of the intra-court communications between Qianlong and his officials, which contextualizes how Qianlong’s intent was delivered, received, and actualized in courtly practice. This routinization process also had a certain influence upon Qianlong and his successors, and suggests a possible reason behind Qianlong’s large poetry production. L’empereur Qianlong (1711-1799, r. 1735-1795) a publié régulièrement au cours de son règne des collections de ses poèmes. Se fondant sur une étude des préfaces et postfaces de ces collections, cet article reconstruit le processus qui a mené progressivement à établir des procédures routinières en vue de telles publications. Ce processus nous permet de mieux saisir la complexité des communications au sein de la Cour entre Qianlong et ses hauts fonctionnaires, et de contextualiser les manières dont les projets de l’empereur étaient exprimés, compris et mis en œuvre au sein de la Cour. Une telle routinisation a en retour influencé les pratiques de Qianlong et de ses successeurs, et suggère une raison crédible pour la grande abondance de la production poétique de Qianlong.
Revision of the Nearctic Parathalassius Mik (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Parathalassiinae), with a review of the world fauna
Authors: BROOKS SCOTT E. , CUMMING JEFFREY M. 
Published: August 2017

The Nearctic species of Parathalassius Mik are revised and the world species are reviewed. Twelve species are recorded from the Nearctic Region including nine new species: P. abela sp. nov., P. aldrichi Melander, P. candidatus Melander, P. dilatus sp. nov., P. infuscatus sp. nov., P. melanderi Cole, P. midas sp. nov., P. sinclairi sp. nov., P. socali sp. nov., P. susanae sp. nov., P. uniformus sp. nov., and P. wheeleri sp. nov. Lectotype designations are made for P. aldrichi Melander and P. melanderi Cole. A key to the 15 world species is provided and the distributions of the Nearctic species are mapped. COI mitochondrial DNA barcode sequences were obtained for 12 species of Parathalassius. A morphological phylogenetic analysis of the included species is presented and known ecological information is summarized.
Seasonal Variations in Severe Weather Forecast Skill in an Experimental Convection-Allowing Model
Authors: Sobash Ryan A. , Kain John S. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Eight years of daily, experimental, deterministic, convection-allowing model (CAM) forecasts, produced by the National Severe Storms Laboratory, were evaluated to assess their ability at predicting severe weather hazards over a diverse collection of seasons, regions, and environments. To do so, forecasts of severe weather hazards were produced and verified as in previous studies using CAM output, namely by thresholding the updraft helicity (UH) field, smoothing the resulting binary field to create surrogate severe probability forecasts (SSPFs), and verifying the SSPFs against observed storm reports. SSPFs were most skillful during the spring and fall, with a relative minimum in skill observed during the summer. SSPF skill during the winter months was more variable than during other seasons, partly due to the limited sample size of events, but was often less than that during the warm season. The seasonal behavior of SSPF skill was partly driven by the relationship between the UH threshold and the likelihood of obtaining severe storm reports. Varying UH thresholds by season and region produced SSPFs that were more skillful than using a fixed UH threshold to identify severe convection. Accounting for this variability was most important during the cool season, when a lower UH threshold produced larger SSPF skill compared to warm-season events, and during the summer, when large differences in skill occurred within different parts of the continental United States (CONUS), depending on the choice of UH threshold. This relationship between UH threshold and SSPF skill is discussed within the larger scope of generating skillful CAM-based guidance for hazardous convective weather and verifying CAM predictions.
Pitch Deviation Analysis of Pathological Voice in Connected Speech
Authors: Laflen J. Brandon , Lazarus Cathy L. , Amin Milan R. 
Published: August 2017

Objectives This study compares normal and pathologic voices using a novel voice analysis algorithm that examines pitch deviation during connected speech. The study evaluates the clinical potential of the algorithm as a mechanism to distinguish between normal and pathologic voices using connected speech. Methods Adult vocalizations from normal subjects and patients with known benign free-edge vocal fold lesions were analyzed. Recordings had been previously obtained in quiet under controlled conditions. Two phrases and sustained /a/ were recorded per subject. The subject populations consisted of 10 normal and 31 abnormal subjects. The voice analysis algorithm generated 2-dimensional patterns that represent pitch deviation in time and under variable window widths. Measures were collected from these patterns for window widths between 10 and 250 ms. For comparison, jitter and shimmer measures were collected from sustained /a/ by means of the Computerized Speech Lab (CSL). A t-test and tests of sensitivity and specificity assessed discrimination between normal and abnormal populations. Results More than 58% of the measures collected from connected speech outperformed the CSL jitter and shimmer measures in population discrimination. Twenty-five percent of the experimental measures (including /a/) indicated significantly different populations (p < .01%). Conclusions The results demonstrate that the algorithm distinguishes between normal and abnormal populations by use of samples of connected speech.
Effect of Oxymetazoline on Healthy Human Nasal Ciliary Beat Frequency Measured with High-Speed Digital Microscopy and Mucociliary Transport Time
Authors: Zhang Luo , Han Demin , Song Xiaohong , Wang Kuiji , Wang Hong 
Published: August 2017

Objectives We investigated the effects of oxymetazoline hydrochloride on the regulation of healthy human nasal ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and its influence on nasal mucociliary transport time (MTT). Methods Changes in (cultured) human nasal CBF in response to increasing concentrations of oxymetazoline within 20 minutes were quantified by use of high-speed digital microscopy. Moreover, the MTT before and after application of 0.05% oxymetazoline was determined by use of the saccharin test. Results Whereas no statistically significant difference was identified when compared to basal CBF at the concentration of 0.025% or 0.05%, both 0.10% and 0.20% oxymetazoline induced a significantly lower CBF at the end of the observation period. The decrement induced by 0.20% oxymetazoline appeared earlier. At concentrations ranging from 0.025% to 0.20%, the inhibitory effect was dependent on the concentration of oxymetazoline. In addition, the use of 0.05% oxymetazoline increased the mean (±SD) human nasal MTT from 474 ± 21 seconds to 572 ± 41 seconds (n = 29). Conclusions The clinical concentration of oxymetazoline, 0.05%, has no obvious inhibitory effect on human nasal CBF in vitro. The increased MTT caused by 0.05% oxymetazoline in vivo is within the normal range.
Employment of woman in tribal region of Bihar
Authors: Singh Seema 
Published: August 2017

Subsistence rural economy of the tribal region of Bihar compel woman, both tribal and non tribal to join the labour market. The Female Labour Force Participation Rate is significantly high in the region as compared to the State as a whole. This study, based on three clusters of villages from Ranchi district, has revealed that the economy is almost stagnant. Available employment opportunities are less productive and mainly rely on land and forest resources. Women works in even less remunerative activities. Opportunities for gainful employment would depend on overall development of farm and non-farm activities. However, development of the area will not lead to the meaningful participation of women. Proper intervention is needed enhancing productivity of traditional activities done by women for immediate benefits and skill up-gradation as well as empowerment for long run gains.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate augmentation for major depressive disorder in adults with inadequate response to antidepressant therapy
Authors: Richards Cynthia , Iosifescu Dan V , Mago Rajnish , Sarkis Elias , Reynolds James , Geibel Brooke , Dauphin Matthew 
Published: August 2017

Background: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated dose-response relationships of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate when used as augmentation for major depressive disorder in individuals exhibiting inadequate responses to antidepressant monotherapy. Methods: Eligible adults (18–65 years) were assigned to antidepressant monotherapy (escitalopram or venlafaxine extended-release) plus lisdexamfetamine dimesylate-matching placebo during an eight-week single-blind lead-in phase. Participants meeting randomization criteria were randomized (1:1:1:1:1) to eight weeks of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (10, 30, 50, or 70 mg) or placebo while maintaining antidepressant therapy. Dose-responses for changes from augmentation baseline to week 16/early termination for Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale total score (primary efficacy endpoint) and vital signs (systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse) were assessed using multiple comparisons procedures with modeling. Results: For Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale total score change, no significant dose-responses were observed for any candidate dose-response curve (all p>0.10). In the dose-response evaluable population, least squares mean (90% confidence interval) treatment differences versus placebo for Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale total score change at week 16 were −1.4 (−3.9, 1.2), 0.1 (−2.5, 2.7), −0.7 (−3.4, 2.0), and −0.9 (−3.5, 1.6) with 10, 30, 50, and 70 mg lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, respectively. For all vital sign parameters, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate exhibited significant dose-responses for all candidate dose-response curves (all p<0.10), with increases observed as lisdexamfetamine dimesylate dose increased; a linear relationship provided the best fit. Mean±standard deviation changes from augmentation baseline for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse at week 16/early termination were −0.7±9.90 and −0.3±7.24 mm Hg and 0.2±10.57 bpm with placebo and were 1.9±9.47 and 0.8±7.40 mm Hg and 3.6±9.74 bpm with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (all doses combined). The safety and tolerability profile of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate was consistent with previous studies. Conclusions: Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate augmentation did not provide benefit over placebo in adults with inadequate responses to antidepressant monotherapy based on the assessed efficacy measures.