bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI TITIK KOORDINAT TENGAH KABUPATEN ATAU KOTA DALAM PERHITUNGAN JADWAL WAKTU SALAT
Authors: Ardliansyah Moelki Fahmi 
Published: December 2017

<p class="IABSSS">Study literature of Islamic Astronomy in case prayer times, is less from getting specific attention. Furthermore, the schedule of prayer times is very complex. Such as its still being distributed in form converting one to another area. It should be computed based on each district or city. Appearing new case that is coordinates point data (latitude and longitude) where used as center point computations. This thesis is researched the effect and importance implementation of center coordinate point from district or city in the determining of prayer times schedule. The research used mathemathic analytic descriptive and comparative analysis methods. With purpose to know in detail the comparation result from prayer times computations using center coordinate point and otherwise. The result of research shows the effect prayer times schedule can be applied for one district or city area. Meanwhile, computed prayer times schedule that use another center point coordinate not exactly can be applied in one district or city area. Though coordinate different value more than 0,5° and its position located in the south and east center coordinate point. Center coordinate point must be applied because at the base this coordinate point have been considered geographical aspect. Where in width side for the north, south, east and west have been considered and have the equilibrium distance.</p><p class="IABSSS">[]</p><p class="IABSSS">Kajian studi Astronomi Islam dalam persoalan waktu salat kurang mendapat perhatian khusus. Padahal persoalan jadwal waktu salat sangat komplek, seperti masih beredarnya jadwal waktu salat yang dikonversi dari satu daerah ke daerah lain. Sudah seharusnya jadwal waktu salat disusun berdasarkan kabupaten atau kota masing-masing. Persoalan baru yang muncul adalah data titik koordinat (lintang dan bujur) mana yang akan digunakan sebagai acuan perhitungannya. Dalam tulisan ini meneliti dampak dan perlunya implementasi titik koordinat tengah kabupaten atau kota dalam perhitungan jadwal waktu salat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis matematis dan analisis komparatif, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara detail hasil perbandingan perhitungan jadwal waktu salat dengan menggunakan titik koordinat tengah dan selain titik koordinat tengah. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa, dampaknya jadwal waktu salat dapat diberlakukan untuk satu wilayah kabupaten atau kota. Sedangkan jadwal waktu salat yang diperhitungkan menggunakan selain titik koordinat tengah belum tentu dapat diberlakukan untuk satu wilayah kabupaten atau kota, apalagi selisih koordinatnya diatas 0,5° dan posisinya berada di sebelah selatan dan timur dari titik koordinat tengah. Titik koordinat tengah perlu diimplementasikan, karena pada dasarnya titik koordinat ini telah mempertimbangkan aspek geografis. Dimana dalam segi luas untuk bagian utara, selatan dan timur, barat nya telah dipertimbangkan dan jaraknya pun seimbang.</p>
A Review on Oral Liquid as an Emerging Technology in Controlled Drug Delivery System
Authors: Torne Sangmesh Raosaheb , Sheela Angappan , Sarada N.C. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
The Oral Liquid Drug Delivery System (OLDDS) remains the primary choice of dosage
form, though challenging, for the pharmaceutical scientists. In the last two decades, Oral Liquid Controlled Release
(OLCR) formulation has gained a lot of attention because of its advantages over the conventional dosage
forms. Method: The world of nanotechnology has paved multiple ways to administer the drug through oral cavity
in liquid dosage form with an additional advantage of control over the release. In the current study, the various
approaches towards the same have been discussed comprehensively to understand the different mechanisms of
OLCR. Conclusion: This review also emphasizes on the existing techniques and the developments that have been
made to improve on its efficacy including various formulation related factors. It also provides valuable insights
into the role of polymers in the development of OLCR formulation that can be used in the management of Gastroesophageal
Reflux Disease (GERD).
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Hybrid Molecules Containing Purine, Coumarin and Isoxazoline or Isoxazole Moieties
Authors: Kallitsakis Michael G. , Carotti Angelo , Catto Marco , Peperidou Aikaterini , Hadjipavlou-Litina Dimitra J. , Litinas Konstantinos E. 
Published: December 2017

Introduction:
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrile oxides formed in situ (in the presence of NCS and Et3N) from the oximes of (purin-9-yl)acetaldehyde or (coumarinyloxy)acetaldehyde with allyloxycoumarins or 9-allylpurines, respectively resulted in 3,5-disubstituted isoxazolines. The similar reactions of propargyloxycoumarins or 9-propargylpurines led to 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles by treatment with PIDA and catalytic amount of TFA.

Methods:
The new compounds were tested in vitro as antioxidant agents and inhibitors of soybean lipoxygenase LO, AChE and MAO-B.

Results:
The majority of the compounds showed significant hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Compounds 4k and 4n presented LO inhibitory activity.

Conclusion:
Compound 13e presents an antioxidant significant profile combining anti-LO, anti-AChE and anti-MAO-B activities.
Efecto de la luz y micorrizas en la germinación de semillas de árboles de selvas secas
Authors: Ballina Gómez Horacio Salomon , Ruiz-Sánchez Esaú , Ambriz Parra Enrique , Alvarado López Carlos Juan 
Published: December 2017

La germinación es un proceso fundamental en la regeneración natural de las selvas tropicales. En las selvas secas la germinación es afectada por la pronunciada estacionalidad que causa una alta heterogeneidad de la cantidad de luz que llega al suelo y la interacción con las micorrizas. La germinación se estudió en tres especies características de selvas secas: Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth, Senna racemosa(Mill.) H.S. Irwin y Barneby, y Bauhinia forficata Link. subsp. pruinosa (Vogel) Fortunato & Wunderlin. El proceso germinativo fue evaluado en un diseño factorial con tres tratamientos de germinación: testigo (suelo de la selva de origen + nutrimentos), micorriza (Glomus intrarradices) y testigo químico (Triple 17: Nitrógeno + Fósforo + Potasio); y cuatro niveles de luz (10%, 30%, 50% y 70%); se evaluó el proceso germinativo con nueve variables. Ambos factores influyeron de manera independiente en la respuesta de germinación y solo se encontraron efectos de interacción en la tasa promedio de germinación de T. stans y en la incertidumbre de la sincronía de la germinación de B. forficata. Los niveles bajos e intermedios de luz aumentaron la tasa promedio de germinación y valor máximo de germinación de T. stans. Además, los porcentajes de germinación de S. racemosa incrementaron en niveles intermedios y altos de luz. En B. forficata no se registró ningún efecto de la disponibilidad de luz sobre el proceso de germinación. La adición de micorriza afectó positivamente la tasa promedio de germinación en T. stans y los porcentajes de germinación en S. racemosa y B. forficata, aunque en estas dos últimas de forma asincrónica. El uso de niveles de luz adecuados y la adición de micorriza beneficiarían la germinación in situ de especies importantes en la regeneración de las selvas secas tropicales, aunque con ciertas restricciones.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Daun Sereh (Cymbopogon nardus L. Rendle) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Penyebab Jerawat
Authors: Sarlina Sarlina , Razak Abdul Rahman , Tandah Muhamad Rinaldhi 
Published: December 2017

Penelitian tentang uji aktivitas antibakteri sediaan gel ekstrak daun sereh (Cymbopogon nardus L.Rendle) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi karbopol, konsentrasi ekstrak, dan kombinasi keduanya terhadap stabilitas gel dan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Ekstrak daun sereh (Cymbopogon nardus L.Rendle) diperoleh dengan cara maserasi dengan etanol 96%. Desain penelitian menggunakan analisis data ANOVA rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% dan karbopol sebagai basis gel dengan konsentrasi 0,5%, 1% dan 2%. Evaluasi stabilitas sediaan mencakup uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji viskositas, dan uji aktivitas antibakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi konsentrasi ekstrak mempengaruhi stabilitas dan aktivitas antibakteri gel ekstrak daun sereh (Cymbopogon nardus L.Rendle). Variasi konsentrasi karbopol mempengaruhi aktivitas antibakteri tetapi tidak mempengaruhi stabilitas. Kombinasi variasi konsentrasi karbopol dan ekstrak mempengaruhi aktivitas antibakteri. Kombinasi perlakuan yang baik diperoleh pada formula A2B4, karena memiliki aktivitas antibakteri tertinggi yaitu 14,56 mm.
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Flavonoid Ekstrak Etanol Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C.Weber) Briton & Rose)
Authors: Nuari Siti , Anam Syariful , Khumaidi Akhmad 
Published: December 2017

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa flavonoid dari ekstrak etanol buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C.Weber) Briton & Rose). Ekstrak buah naga merah diperoleh melalui maserasi serbuk buah naga merah dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Ekstrak etanol yang diperoleh di partisi dengan metode partisi cair-cair menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat dan air. Hasil partisi ekstrak etil asetat kemudian dilakukan pemisahan dengan Kromatografi vakum cair, sedangkan ekstrak air dihidrolisis terlebih dahulu dengan HCl lalu dipartisi dengan etil asetat (fraksi etil asetat). Berdasarkan hasi pemurnian ekstrak etil asetat dan fraksi etil asetat dengan KLT Preparatif diperoleh 5 isolat tetapi hanya isolat 3 yang positif senyawa flavonoid. Hasil spektroskopi UV-Vis isolat 3 menghasilkan puncak pada 330 nm (pita I) dan 280 nm (pita II), sedangkan pada penambahan pereaksi geser tidak mengalami pergeseran batokromik dan hipsokromik. Berdasarkan data-data yang diperoleh isolat 3 diduga merupakan golongan senyawa flavanon.
Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gendola Merah (Basella alba L.) terhadap Kadar Kreatinin, Ureum dan Deskripsi Histologis Tubulus Ginjal Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus) Diabetes yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin
Authors: Tandi Joni , Wulandari Ayu , Asrifa Asrifa 
Published: December 2017

The objective of this study is to determine the effect and the effective dose of ethanolic extract of Red Gendola (Basella alba L.) leaves on creatinine, urea and description of histological tubular kidney of diabetic male rats induced by streptozotocin.
30 male rats devided into six groups : groups I, II, and III were the control groups and groups IV, V, and VI were the experimental groups. Groups II, III, IV, V, and VI are given induction of STZ 40 mg/kg BW in a single dose i.p on day 0. Normal control group I and negatif control group II were givenonly Sodium-CMC 0,5%; positive control group III was given glibenclamide 0,45 mg/kg BW; group IV, V, and VI were given each extract at a dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW in p.o every day. The obtained data were analyzed using one way Anova test at the level of 95 % early followed by LSD Post Hoc Test, and the level of regeneration of histological tubularkidney was observed by HE staining using Olympus BX-51 microscope with a scale of 100 μm and scoring data result of kidney tubular damage levels were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test to see the differences between treatments.The results showed that ethanolic extract of red gendola with dose of 100 mg / kg BW give significant effect to decrease the creatinine content and 200 mg / kg BW give effect of decrease of ureum level of diabetic white male rats. Moreover, red gendola ethanolic extract has also an effect on cell regeneration in renal tubules with an effective dose of 400 mg /kg BW on diabetic male rats.
Optimasi Formula Gel Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Buah Bligo (Benincasa hispida) dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD)
Authors: Suryani Suryani , Nafisah Andi , Mana'an Syahrir 
Published: December 2017

Benincasa hispida has many benefits including as antioxidant. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Carbomer 940, HPMC and NaOH concentrations in antioxidant gel formula and to determine Carbomer 940, HPMC and NaOH concentrations that could produce the optimal antioxidant gel formula. Benincasa hispida was extracted by maceration method and antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH method. The antioxidant gels were formulated with variety combinations of Carbomer 940, HPMC and NaOH. The optimal gel formula was obtained by Design Expert 7.1.5 with Simplex Lattice Design method. The physical characteristic of optimal gel formula was retested and compared with the results of Simplex Lattice Design .The results showed that antioxidant activity of Benincasa hispida ethanolic extract has potent activity with the IC50 40,28 μg/mL. The increasing concentration of Carbomer 940, HPMC and NaOH possessed the high coefficients viscosity (cPs) with the value of 4366, 4133 and 3750 respectively. The increasing concentration of NaOH possessed pH and dispersive power of the gel with coefficients of 11,0 and 5,21 respectively. The desirability values suggested by Simplex Lattice Design were 1,000 with component variation of the optimal formula were Carbomer 940 1,5%, HPMC 0,5% and NaOH 0,4%. The significance test of the optimal formula compared to the results of laboratory experiments showed the significance of viscosity of 0,130, the dispersive power of 0,348 and pH of 0,184 that means there was no significant difference between the prediction values by using Simplex Lattice Design and results of laboratory experiments. It was indicated that significance values of each responses were over 0,05 (p>0.05).
Caracterización de los pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio en un hospital rural en el Ecuador como ejemplo de la inequidad en salud
Authors: Peñafiel Susana Magdalena , Tufiño Andrea , Herrera Diego , Gaus David , Troya Carlos , Nguyen A. , Penuela M. 
Published: December 2017

<p class="texto_comun" align="justify"><strong>Objetivo.</strong> Comparar los resultados del tratamiento del síndrome coronario agudo (SCA), en una población rural del Noroccidente de la provincia de Pichincha en Ecuador, con relación a las intervenciones asumidas como el tratamiento convencional en el primer mundo.</p><p class="texto_comun"><strong>Metodología.</strong> Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de 316 historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en un periodo de 6 años, desde enero del 2010 a enero del 2017 en los cuales se reportó el diagnóstico de síndrome coronario agudo, o sus variantes según la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades Edición 10 (CIE-10). Se aplicó una encuesta que extrajo datos demográficos, enfermedades previas, exámenes realizados en el diagnóstico inicial, tratamiento recibido en emergencia, tiempo promedio desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta ingresar a la unidad de cuidados coronarios y mortalidad.</p><p class="texto_comun"><strong>Resultados.</strong> La edad media del episodio isquémico fue de 62.8 años. Los factores de riesgo identificados fueron: hipertensión arterial (55%), diabetes (31%), Dislipidemia (4.8%), y tabaquismo (12%). El 9.5 % refirieron antecedentes de IAM.</p><p class="texto_comun">El 86% presentó hallazgos de SCA en el electrocardiograma, 42.8% mostraron troponinas positivas; el 14.29% (6 pacientes) presentaron un desenlace fatal en la misma sala de emergencia. Más del 50% de los pacientes fue referido al tercer nivel de atención en Quito (22 pacientes). El tiempo promedio entre el inicio de los síntomas y el ingreso a la unidad de cuidados coronarios fue de 12 horas. La mortalidad en los primeros 15 días de los pacientes referidos a tercer nivel fue de 10 pacientes (23,8%).</p><p class="texto_comun"><strong>Conclusiones.</strong> Se requiere una aplicación contextualizada de los estándares internacionales de manejo de SCA que contemple aspectos como: acceso y disponibilidad al tratamiento inicial denominado MONA (morfina, oxigeno cuando sea necesario, nitratos y aspirina), dotación adecuada de recursos humanos y equipamiento, en hospitales rurales y remotos, para la administración oportuna de fibrinólisis, y una coordinación con el sistema nacional de atención de emergencia y derivación que permiten el acceso a los hospitales con disponibilidad de cuidados coronarios.</p><strong></strong>
ANALISIS DESKRIPTIF ATAS LITERASI KEUANGAN PADA KELOMPOK TANI
Authors: Yuwono Minto , Suharjo Budi , Sanim Bunasor , Nurmalina Rita 
Published: December 2017

Rendahnya tingkat keuangan inklusif Indonesia disebabkan oleh rendahnya tingkat keuangan inklusif dari 62% masyarakat Indonesia, dimana mayoritas bekerja pada sektor informal (diantaranya adalah petani). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis secara deskriptif tingkat pengetahuan petani terkait keuangan atau literasi keuangan yang memungkinkan individu untuk membuat keputusan efektif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Lokasi penelitian meliputi beberapa sentra pertanian di pulau Jawa meliputi 3 Provinsi yakni meliputi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. Dalam mengelola keuangan baru sebagian kecil petani yang menggunakan lembaga keuangan baik untuk menyimpan maupun meminjam. Untuk peminjaman dana dalam jumlah tertentu dan bersifat mendadak petani lebih mengandalkan pinjam dari teman atau keluarga/famili. Tidak lebih dari 6% petani yang merencanakan pengeluaran rumah tangga dan menjalankannya secara konsisten. Pada penelitian ini juga didapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang significant dan positif antara pengetahuan terhadap lembaga keuangan dengan tingkat penggunaan produk lembaga keuangan. Semakin tinggi tingkat pengetahuan petani terhadap lembaga keuangan maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat penggunaan produk lembaga keuangan.
L’utilité de la recherche en gestion pour les managers
Authors: Soparnot Richard , Arreola Fernanda , Borel Pascale 
Published: December 2017

Cet article traite de deux questions : la recherche en management est-elle pertinente du point de vue des managers ? Et quelles dimensions ces derniers considèrent-ils pour en apprécier l’utilité ? À partir d’une revue de littérature et d’une série d’entretiens collectifs réalisés auprès de managers, l’article révèle les bénéfices de la recherche en management ainsi que les dimensions qui, selon les praticiens, permettent d’en améliorer la pertinence. Il en résulte une discussion sur la conduite de recherches pertinentes en gestion et de contributions à la littérature consacrée à la pertinence.
Pharmacological validation of the anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative like activities of Capsicum annuum in animal model
Authors: Jawad Muhammad , Khan Haroon , Pervez Samreen , Bawazeer Saud S. , Abu-Izneid Tareq , Saeed Muhammad , Kamal Mohammad A. 
Published: December 2017

<p class="Abstract">The current study deals with anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative like activities of Capsicum annuum in animal models. The crude extract was found safe in acute behavior and toxicity studies. However, the n-hexane fraction caused severe acute toxicity. Pretreatment of crude extract and n-hexane fraction elicited marked dose-dependent antianxiety-like effects in elevated plus-maze and dark and light models. The results showed significant (p&lt; 0.05) antianxiety-like effects of crude extract while highly significant (p&lt; 0.001) for n-hexane fraction. Similarly, an effect on muscle coordination was tested in traction model, where both crude extract and n-hexane fraction evoked marked dose-dependent activity. The effect of thiopental-induced sleep test of crude extract and n-hexane fraction was highly significant (p&lt; 0.001). All together, the results revealed potent anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative like activities of C. annuum in animal models and the pharmaco-logically active constituents are mostly non-polar in nature.</p><p><strong>Video Clip of Methodology</strong>:</p><p>4 min 31 sec: <a href="https://youtube.com/v/85ituFAi6sw">Full Screen</a> <a href="https://youtube.com/watch?v=85ituFAi6sw">Alternate</a></p>
Ionized-gas Kinematics Along the Large-scale Radio Jets in Type-2 AGNs
Authors: Le Huynh Anh N. , Woo Jong-Hak , Son Donghoon , Karouzos Marios , Chung Aeree , Jung Taehyun , Tremou Evangelia , Hwang Narae , Park Byeong-Gon 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
To investigate the connection between radioactivity and active galactic nucleus (AGN) outflows, we present a study of ionized-gas kinematics based on an [O iii] λ5007 emission line along the large-scale radio jet for six radio AGNs. These AGNs are selected based on the radioactivity (i.e.,

) as well as optical emission-line properties as type-2 AGNs. Using the Red Channel Cross Dispersed Echellette Spectrograph at the Multiple Mirror Telescope, we investigate in detail the [[O iii]] and stellar kinematics. We spatially resolve and probe the central AGN-photoionization sizes, which is important in understanding the structures and evolutions of galaxies. We find that the typical central AGN-photoionization radius of our targets are in range of 0.9–1.6 kpc, consistent with the size–luminosity relation of [O iii] in previous studies. We investigate the [O iii] kinematics along the large-scale radio jets to test whether there is a link between gas outflows in the narrow-line region and extended radio-jet emissions. Contrary to our expectation, we find no evidence that the gas outflows are directly connected to the large-scale radio jets.
The Downwind Hemisphere of the Heliosphere: Eight Years of IBEX-Lo Observations
Authors: Galli A. , Wurz P. , Schwadron N. A. , Kucharek H. , Möbius E. , Bzowski M. , Sokół J. M. , Kubiak M. A. , Fuselier S. A. , Funsten H. O. , McComas D. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present a comprehensive study of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) of 10 eV to 2.5 keV from the downwind hemisphere of the heliosphere. These ENAs are believed to originate mostly from pickup protons and solar-wind protons in the inner heliosheath. This study includes all low-energy observations made with the Interstellar Boundary Explorer over the first eight years. Because the protons around 0.1 keV dominate the plasma pressure within the inner heliosheath in downwind direction, these ENA observations offer the unique opportunity to constrain the plasma properties and dimensions of the heliosheath where no in situ observations are available. We first derive energy spectra of ENA intensities averaged over time for 49 macropixels covering the entire downwind hemisphere. The results confirm previous studies regarding integral intensities and the roll-over around 0.1 keV energy. With the expanded data set, we now find that ENA intensities at 0.2 and 0.1 keV seem to anti-correlate with solar activity. We then derive the product of total plasma pressure and emission thickness of protons in the heliosheath to estimate lower limits on the thickness of the inner heliosheath. The temporally averaged ENA intensities support a rather spherical shape of the termination shock and a heliosheath thickness between 150 and 210 au for most regions of the downwind hemisphere. Around the nominal downwind direction of 76° ecliptic longitude, the heliosheath is at least 280 au thick. There, the neutral hydrogen density seems to be depleted compared to upwind directions by roughly a factor of 2.