bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assembly and Stability of Virus Like Particles from the Gag Capsid Domain from the Human Endogenous Retrovirus HML‐2
Authors: Hebbelstrup Alexander , Teilum Kaare 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe capsid domain of the Gag protein from the human endogenous retrovirus HML‐2 can form virus‐like particles (VLPs) in vitro. Such particles made from proteins from other organisms are used as nanocarriers. Repeated use of exogeneous VLPs may however lead to an immune response. Recombinantly produced and purified capsid domain from HML‐2 could, given its human origin, provide a nanocarrier system, which potentially could evade an immune response. It is however not known if capsids formed in vitro by the HML‐2 Gag capsid domain can be loaded with a molecular cargo and if such particles are stable. In this work, we investigated how the assembly efficiency change with conditions. We demonstrate that once formed the capsids are stable over a much broader range of pH than the range of pH that allows capsid formation, and that the capsids are stable for weeks. We furthermore show that HML‐2 capsids can encapsulate small molecules. Our results suggest that the HML‐2 capsids potentially may serve as stable nanocarriers protecting its cargo from the surrounding environment.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfonylative Arylation via Aryl‐thianthrenium Salt with Sulfonyl Chloride
Authors: Sang Zhimin , Yang Guo , Luo Zijin , Gou Wenxue , Zhang Guofu , Ding Chengrong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHerein, we report a cross‐coupling reaction between aryl sulfonyl chlorides and arylthianthrenium salts, catalyzed by palladium without ligand. This process involves the desulfonylative of aryl sulfonyl chlorides and pre‐ thianthrenation activation steps of aromatic hydrocarbons, leading to the selective formation of the biaryl compounds. The method demonstrates compatibility with various functional groups. Furthermore, the late‐stage functionalize‐tion of bioactive compounds underscores the favorable implications of this approach in the innovation of novel pharmaceutical agents.
A Super‐Ionic Solid‐State Block Copolymer Electrolyte
Authors: Krause Daniel T. , Förster Beate , Dulle Martin , Krämer Susanna , Böckmann Steffen , Mönich Caroline , Hansen Michael Ryan , Schönhoff Monika , Siozios Vassilios , Grünebaum Mariano , Winter Martin , Förster Stephan , Wiemhöfer Hans‐Dieter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolymer solid‐state electrolytes offer great promise for battery materials with high energy density, mechanical stability, and improved safety. However, their low ion conductivities have so far limited their potential applications. Here, it is shown for poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers that the super‐stoichiometric addition of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) as lithium salt leads to the formation of a crystalline PEO block copolymer phase with exceptionally high ion conductivities and low activation energies. The addition of LiTFSI further induces block copolymer phase transitions into bi‐continuous Fddd and gyroid network morphologies, providing continuous 3D conduction pathways. Both effects lead to solid‐state block copolymer electrolyte membranes with ion conductivities of up to 1·10−1 S cm−1 at 90 °C, decreasing only moderately to 4·10−2 S cm−1 at room temperature, and to >1·10−3 S cm−1 at −20 °C, corresponding to activation energies as low as 0.19 eV. The co‐crystallization of PEO and LiTFSI with ether and carbonate solvents is observed to play a key role to realize a super‐ionic conduction mechanism. The discovery of PEO super‐ionic conductivity at high lithium concentrations opens a new pathway for fabrication of solid polymer electrolyte membranes with sufficiently high ion conductivities over a broad temperature range with widespread applications in electrical devices.
Bright Structural‐Phase‐Pure CsPbI3 Core‐PbSO4 Shell Nanoplatelets With Ultra‐Narrow Emission Bandwidth of 77 meV at 630 nm
Authors: Tsai Ping‐Hsun , Liao Tzu‐Hao , Chuang Yung‐Tang , Jan Pei‐En , Lin Hao‐Cheng , Tan Guang‐Hsun , Hsiao Kai‐Yuan , Lu Ming‐Yen , Lai Hoong‐Lien , Chiu Po‐Wei , Sun Sheng‐Yuan , Li Yun‐Li , Lin Hao‐Wu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAchieving a narrow emission bandwidth is long pursued for display applications. Among all primary colors, obtaining pure red emission with high visual perception is the most challenging. In this work, CsPbI3 halide perovskite nanoplatelets (NPLs) with rigorously controlled 2D [PbI6]4− octahedron layer number (n) are demonstrated. A perovskite core‐PbSO4 shell structure is designed to prevent aggregation and fusion between NPLs, enabling consistent thickness and quantum confinement strength for each NPL. Consequently, exact n = 4 CsPbI3 NPLs are demonstrated, exhibiting emission peaks around 630 nm, with very narrow spectral bandwidths of <24 nm and high absolute photoluminescence quantum yields up to 85%. The emission of n = 4 NPLs falls exactly within the pure‐red region, closely aligning with the International Telecommunication Union Recommendation BT.2020 standard. Measurements suggest predominant stability and color homogeneity compared to traditional red‐emitting CsPbIxBr3−x nanocrystals. Finally, proof‐of‐concept pure‐red emissive light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are demonstrated by integrating n = 4 CsPbI3 NPLs films with a blue LED chip, showing an excellent external quantum efficiency of 18.3% and high brightness exceeding 3 × 106 nits. Stringent requirements for future display technologies, are satisfied based on the high color purity, stability, and brightness of CsPbI3 NPLs.
Navigating the Landscape of Dry Assembling Ordered Particle Structures: Can Solvents Become Obsolete?
Authors: Sotthewes Kai , Jimidar Ignaas S. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA spur on miniaturized devices led scientists to unravel the fundamental aspects of micro‐ and nanoparticle assembly to engineer large structures. Primarily, attention is given to wet assembly methods, whereas assembly approaches in which solvents are avoided are scarce. The “dry assembly” strategies can overcome the intrinsic disadvantages that are associated with wet assembly, e.g., the lack of versatility and scalability. This review uniquely summarizes the recent progress made to create highly ordered particle arrays without using a wet environment. Before delving into these methods, the surface interactions (e.g., van der Waals, contact mechanics, capillary, and electrostatics) are elaborated, as a profound understanding and balancing these are a critical aspect of dry assembly. To manipulate these interactions, strategies involving different forces, e.g., mechanical‐based, electrical‐based, or laser‐induced, sometimes in conjunction with pre‐templated substrates, are employed to attain ordered colloidal structures. The utilization of the ordered structures obtained without solvents is accompanied by specific examples. Dry assembly methods can aid us in achieving more sustainable assembly processes. Overall, this Review aims to provide an easily accessible resource and inspire researchers, including novices, to broaden dry assembly horizons significantly and close the remaining knowledge gap in the physical phenomena involved in this area.
Iron‐Catalyzed Laser‐Induced Graphitization – Multiscale Analysis of the Structural Evolution and Underlying Mechanism
Authors: Dreimol Christopher H. , Kürsteiner Ronny , Ritter Maximilian , Parrilli Annapaola , Edberg Jesper , Garemark Jonas , Stucki Sandro , Yan Wenqing , Tinello Susanna , Panzarasa Guido , Burgert Ingo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe transition to sustainable materials and eco‐efficient processes in commercial electronics is a driving force in developing green electronics. Iron‐catalyzed laser‐induced graphitization (IC‐LIG) has been demonstrated as a promising approach for rendering biomaterials electrically conductive. To optimize the IC‐LIG process and fully exploit its potential for future green electronics, it is crucial to gain deeper insights into its catalyzation mechanism and structural evolution. However, this is challenging due to the rapid nature of the laser‐induced graphitization process. Therefore, multiscale preparation techniques, including ultramicrotomy of the cross‐sectional transition zone from precursor to fully graphitized IC‐LIG electrode, are employed to virtually freeze the IC‐LIG process in time. Complementary characterization is performed to generate a 3D model that integrates nanoscale findings within a mesoscopic framework. This enabled tracing the growth and migration behavior of catalytic iron nanoparticles and their role during the catalytic laser‐graphitization process. A three‐layered arrangement of the IC‐LIG electrode is identified including a highly graphitized top layer with an interplanar spacing of 0.343 nm. The middle layer contained γ‐iron nanoparticles encapsulated in graphitic shells. A comparison with catalyst‐free laser graphitization approaches highlights the unique opportunities that IC‐LIG offers and discuss potential applications in energy storage devices, catalysts, sensors, and beyond.
Built‐in Electric Field Within CoSe2‐FeSe2 Heterostructure for Enhanced Sulfur Reduction Reaction in Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Luo Ruijian , Zhao Junzhe , Zheng Ming , Wang Zichen , Zhang Shunqiang , Zhang Jiancan , Xiao Yong , Jiang YingHui , Cai Zhixiong , Cheng Niancai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe conversion of Li2S4 to Li2S is the most important and slowest rate‐limiting step in the complex sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) for Li‐S batteries, the adjustment of which can effectively inhibit the notorious “shuttle effect”. Herein, a CoSe2‐FeSe2 heterostructure embedded in 3D N‐doped nanocage as a modified layer on commercial separator is designed (CoSe2‐FeSe2@NC//PP). The CoSe2‐FeSe2 heterostructure forms a built‐in electric field at the two‐phase interface, which leads to the optimized adsorption force on polysulfides and the accelerated reaction kinetics for Li2S4‐Li2S evolution. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results combine to show that the liquid‐solid reaction (Li2S4‐Li2S2/Li2S) is significantly enhanced in terms of thermodynamics and electrodynamics. Consequently, the batteries assembled with CoSe2‐FeSe2@NC//PP delivered an excellent rate capability (606 mAh g−1 under 8.0 C) and a long cycling lifespan (only 0.056% at 1.0 C after 1000 cycles). In addition, the cells can provide high initial capacity of 887 mAh g−1 at sulfur loading of 5.8 mg cm−2 and 0.1 C. This work would provide valuable insights into binary metal selenide heterostructures for liquid‐solid conversion in Li‐S batteries.
On‐Site Multiply Stimulated Self‐Confinement of an Integrated DNA Cascade Circuit for Highly Reliable Intracellular Imaging of miRNA and In Situ Interrogation of the Relevant Regulatory Pathway
Authors: Jiang Yuqian , Chen Yingying , Shang Jinhua , Yu Mengdi , Weng Benrui , Liu Jing , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Fuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractArtificial DNA circuits represent a versatile yet promising toolbox for in situ monitoring and concomitant regulation of diverse biological events within live cells. Nonetheless, their performance is significantly impeded by the diffusion‐dominated slow reaction kinetics and the uncontrollable off‐target activation. Herein, a self‐localized cascade (SLC) circuit is reported for the robust and efficient microRNA (miRNA) analysis in living cells. The SLC circuit consists of the cell‐specific localization module and the analyte‐specific signal amplification module. By integrating the reaction probes of these two modules, the complexity of the system is reduced to realize the responsive co‐localization of circuitry probes and the simultaneous cascade signal amplification. Taking advantage of the specifically activated, self‐localized, and cascade design, the SLC circuit successfully achieves the robust miRNA‐21 (miR‐21) imaging and the accurate cells differentiation. Moreover, the reverse regulation mechanism is successfully explored between messenger RNA (mRNA) and miRNA through the engineered SLC circuit and further elucidates the underlying signaling pathways between them. Therefore, the SLC circuit provides a powerful tool for the sensitive detection of intracellular biomolecules and the study of the corresponding cell regulatory mechanisms.
Flexible and Recyclable Bio‐Based Polyester Composite Films with Outstanding Mechanical and Gas Barrier Properties Using Leaf‐Shaped CNT@BNNS Covalent Heterojunction
Authors: Ding Jiheng , Zhao Hongran , Wang Hao , Chu Qinchao , Zhu Jin , Wang Jinggang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith the depletion of petroleum resources, the development of sustainable alternatives for plastic substitutes has grown in importance. It is urgently desirable yet challenging to design high‐performance polyesters with extensive mechanical and prominent gas barrier properties. This work uses bio‐based PBF polyester as a matrix, “leaf‐shaped” carbon nanotube@boron nitride nano‐sheet (CNT@BNNS) covalent hetero‐junctions as functional fillers, to fabricate CNT@BNNS/PBF (denoted as CBNP) composite films through an “in‐situ polymerizing and hot‐pressing” strategy. The covalent CNT “stem” suppresses the re‐stacking of BNNS “leaf”, endowing hetero‐structured CNT@BNNS illustrates superior stress transfer and physical barrier effect. The covalently hetero structure and high orientation degree of CNT@BNNS greatly improve the comprehensive performance of the CBNP composites, including excellent mechanical (strength of 76 MPa, modulus of 2.3 GPa, toughness of 85 MJ m−3, elongation at break of 193%) and gas barrier (O2 of 0.015 barrer, and H2O of 1.1 × 10−14 g cm cm−2 s−1 Pa−1) properties that are much higher than for pure PBF or other‐type polyesters, and most engineering plastics. Moreover, the CBNP composites also boast easy recyclability, overcoming the tradeoff between high performance and easy recycling of traditional plastics, which makes the polyester composite competitive as a plastic substitute.
High‐Throughput Computational Screening of Metal Sulfides for the Chemical Looping Elemental Decomposition of H2S
Authors: Tolstova Polina , Ahmad Rafia , Sepulveda Adrian Cavazos , Cavallo Luigi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHydrogen sulfide is a significant byproduct of oil and gas production and is typically recovered as elemental sulfur, a low‐value commodity. In recent years, there have been efforts to upgrade H2S through elemental decomposition to S and H2, an essential energy carrier in a sustainable economy. Among the promising approaches is thermocatalytic looping, which involves a sulfide‐based redox pair. Unfortunately, the search for sulfides capable of facilitating this conversion is progressing slowly, and primarily focusing on monometallic sulfides. With a few notable exceptions, the field of bimetallic sulfide remains largely unexplored. In this study, a machine learning framework is employed to explore the material space of mono and bimetallic sulfides. The workflow begins by mining sulfides from the Materials Project database, allowing the workflow to be benchmarked using formation enthalpies derived from established density functional theory calculations. Through the machine learning framework, the number of bimetallic sulfide redox pairs considered is expanded from 102 cases in the Materials Project database to 105 cases. This expansion allows for the identification trends that can serve as guidelines for future research and helps prioritize materials for experimental testing.
A Deep Learning Multi-omics Framework to Combine Microbiome and Metabolome Profiles for Disease Classification
Authors: Licciardi Andrea , Fiannaca Antonino , La Rosa Massimo , Urso Maurizio Alfonso , La Paglia Laura 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMicrobiome and metabolome contain information about host disease. Therefore, a multi-omics analysis of these data types can provide key constraints for disease classification. However, due to multi-omics data’s complex and high-dimensional nature, classical statistical methods struggle to capture the shared information between microbiome and metabolome. Deep learning represents a power framework to address this issue. We design a deep learning model for the integrated analysis of microbiome and metabolome that leverages the complementary information between the two datasets to perform a medical diagnosis of a given disease as a supervised classification task. We test our approach on six different matched microbiome/metabolome datasets, related to diverse pathologies. A comparative performance analysis shows that our proposed model called microBiome-metaBolome Network (BiBoNet) performs better than classical machine learning methods. In addition, we show that BiBoNet achieves better results than deep learning models based on individual or combined data. We highlight the importance of multi-omics integration through deep learning for improved medical diagnosis using microbiome and metabolome.
Uniform $$L^p$$ Estimates for Solutions to the Inhomogeneous 2D Navier–Stokes Equations and Application to a Chemotaxis–Fluid System with Local Sensing
Authors: Fuest Mario , Winkler Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe chemotaxis-Navier–Stokes system $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{rcl} n_t+u\cdot \nabla n & =& \Delta \big (n c^{-\alpha } \big ), \\ c_t+ u\cdot \nabla c & =& \Delta c -nc,\\ u_t + (u\cdot \nabla ) u & =& \Delta u+\nabla P + n\nabla \Phi , \qquad \nabla \cdot u=0, \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}$$

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Fatigue bei chronisch körperlichen Erkrankungen
Authors: Weis Joachim 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungMit dem Begriff Fatigue werden Zustände ungewöhnlicher Müdigkeit und Erschöpfung beschrieben, die in Zusammenhang mit verschiedenen körperlichen Erkrankungen, insbesondere bei Krebs, multipler Sklerose, Parkinson und rheumatoider Arthritis, auftreten können. Im Gegensatz zu Erschöpfungszuständen bei Gesunden ist diese Form der Fatigue dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie über längere Zeiträume andauern kann, in keinem angemessenen Verhältnis zu vorangehenden Aktivitäten steht und sich durch Erholungsphasen nicht zurückbildet. Diese Form der Müdigkeit wird als ein multidimensionales Problem beschrieben, das physische, emotionale und kognitive Aspekte umfasst und mit einem hohen subjektiven Leidensdruck verbunden ist. Je nach Ausprägung und Verlauf der Symptomatik führt Fatigue zu einer starken Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität und schränkt die Teilhabe und Alltagsbewältigung ein. Ebenso kommt es häufig zu Einschränkungen der Arbeits- und Erwerbsfähigkeit. Wenngleich die Ursachen der Fatigue immer noch nicht vollständig geklärt sind, ist die Fatigue in Zusammenhang mit körperlichen Erkrankungen vor dem Hintergrund eines multifaktoriellen biopsychosozialen Modells zu verstehen. Die Möglichkeiten der Diagnostik und eine Übersicht über verschiedene Verfahren zur Abklärung der Fatigue werden dargestellt. Ebenso werden die Herausforderungen für die medizinische Versorgung skizziert und Hinweise für den Umgang im klinischen Alltag gegeben.
Grünholzfraktur des Unterarmschafts – Überbrechen obligatorisch oder fakultativ?
Authors: Petnehazy Thomas , Münnich Martin , Füsi Ferdinand , Hankel Saskia , Erker Anna , Friehs Elena , Elsayed Hesham , Till Holger , Singer Georg 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
„To break or not to break“ – Wie gehen wir mit der Gegenkortikalis um? Das ist die Frage, die sich die Kindertraumatologie seit vielen Jahren hinsichtlich der Therapie von Grünholzfrakturen des Unterarmschafts stellt.

Fragestellung
Häufigkeit der Grünholzfrakturen des diaphysären Unterarms im Kindes- und Jugendalter; Einfluss des Durchbrechens der Gegenkortikalis auf die Refrakturrate.

Material und Methode
Analyse und Diskussion relevanter Arbeiten, Analyse der Refrakturrate von kindlichen Grünholzfrakturen des Unterarmschafts im eigenen Patientenkollektiv.

Ergebnisse
Grünholzfrakturen treten im Bereich des Unterarmschafts häufig auf, und eine inkomplette Konsolidierung führt zu einer erhöhten Refrakturrate. Im Patientenkollektiv der Autoren von 420 Kindern mit Grünholzfrakturen des Unterarmschafts zeigte sich eine Refrakturrate von 9,5 %, wobei die Rate bei nichtkomplettierten Frakturen signifikant höher war, im Vergleich zur Gruppe der komplettierten Frakturen (15,2 % vs. 3 %). Während in der Subgruppe der konservativ behandelten Grünholzfrakturen (n = 234) das Durchbrechen der Gegenkortikalis die Refrakturrate signifikant verringerte, führte das Durchbrechen im Rahmen einer operativen Versorgung mithilfe der elastisch-stabilen intramedullären Nagelung (ESIN) zu keiner Veränderung der Refrakturrate.

Schlussfolgerungen
Im Rahmen der konservativen Therapie von Grünholzfrakturen des diaphysären Unterarms kann das Durchbrechen der Gegenkortikalis empfohlen werden, um die Refrakturrate zu minimieren. Das Komplettieren der Grünholzfraktur scheint im Rahmen einer operativen Behandlung mithilfe der ESIN nicht nötig zu sein.
Wheat improvement through advances in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection and genotyping with a special emphasis on rust resistance
Authors: Geethanjali Subramaniam , Kadirvel Palchamy , Periyannan Sambasivam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Key message
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in wheat and their prospects in breeding with special reference to rust resistance.

Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based markers are increasingly gaining momentum for screening and utilizing vital agronomic traits in wheat. To date, more than 260 million SNPs have been detected in modern cultivars and landraces of wheat. This rapid SNP discovery was made possible through the release of near-complete reference and pan-genome assemblies of wheat and its wild relatives, coupled with whole genome sequencing (WGS) of thousands of wheat accessions. Further, genotyping customized SNP sites were facilitated by a series of arrays (9 to 820Ks), a cost effective substitute WGS. Lately, germplasm-specific SNP arrays have been introduced to characterize novel traits and detect closely linked SNPs for marker-assisted breeding. Subsequently, the kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assay was introduced for rapid and large-scale screening of specific SNP markers. Moreover, with the advances and reduction in sequencing costs, ample opportunities arise for generating SNPs artificially through mutations and in combination with next-generation sequencing and comparative genomic analyses. In this review, we provide historical developments and prospects of SNP markers in wheat breeding with special reference to rust resistance where over 50 genetic loci have been characterized through SNP markers. Rust resistance is one of the most essential traits for wheat breeding as new strains of the Puccinia fungus, responsible for rust diseases, evolve frequently and globally.