bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronary Artery Calcium as an Independent Surrogate Marker in the Risk Assessment of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and an Intermediate Pretest Likelihood for Coronary Artery Disease Admitted to a German Chest Pain Unit
Authors: Breuckmann Frank , Olligs Jan , Hinrichs Liane , Koopmann Matthias , Lichtenberg Michael , Böse Dirk , Fischer Dieter , Eckardt Lars , Waltenberger Johannes , Garvey J. Lee 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundAbout 10% of patients admitted to a chest pain unit (CPU) exhibit atrial fibrillation (AF).HypothesisTo determine whether calcium scores (CS) are superior over common risk scores for coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients presenting with atypical chest pain, newly diagnosed AF, and intermediate pretest probability for CAD within the CPU.MethodsIn 73 subjects, CS was related to the following risk scores: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score, including a new model of a frequency‐normalized approach; Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction score; European Society of Cardiology Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE); Framingham risk score; and Prospective Cardiovascular Münster Study score. Revascularization rates during index stay were assessed.ResultsMedian CS was 77 (interquartile range, 1–270), with higher values in men and the left anterior descending artery. Only the modified GRACE (ρ = 0.27; P = 0.02) and the SCORE (ρ = 0.39; P < 0.005) were significantly correlated with CS, whereas the GRACE (τ = 0.21; P = 0.04) and modified GRACE (τ = 0.23; P = 0.02) scores were significantly correlated with percentile groups. Only the CS significantly discriminated between those with and without stenosis (P < 0.01).ConclusionsApart from modified GRACE score, overall correlations between risk scores and calcium burden, as well as revascularization rates during index stay, were low. By contrast, the determination of CS may be used as an additional surrogate marker in risk stratification in AF patients with intermediate pretest likelihood for CAD admitted to a CPU.
Lymphocytosis after treatment with dasatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia: Effects on response and toxicity
Authors: Schiffer Charles A. , Cortes Jorge E. , Hochhaus Andreas , Saglio Giuseppe , le Coutre Philipp , Porkka Kimmo , Mustjoki Satu , Mohamed Hesham , Shah Neil P. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDThe proliferation of clonal cytotoxic T‐cells or natural killer cells has been observed after dasatinib treatment in small studies of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).METHODSThe incidence of lymphocytosis and its association with response, survival, and side effects were assessed in patients from 3 large clinical trials. Overall, 1402 dasatinib‐treated patients with newly diagnosed CML in chronic phase (CML‐CP), CML‐CP refractory/intolerant to imatinib, or with CML in accelerated or myeloid‐blast phase were analyzed.RESULTSLymphocytosis developed in 32% to 35% of patients and persisted for >12 months. This was not observed in the patients who received treatment with imatinib. Dasatinib‐treated patients in all stages of CML who developed lymphocytosis were more likely to achieve a complete cytogenetic response, and patients who had CML‐CP with lymphocytosis were more likely to achieve major and deep molecular responses. Progression‐free and overall survival rates were significantly longer in patients with CML‐CP who were refractory to or intolerant of imatinib and had lymphocytosis. Pleural effusions developed more commonly in patients with lymphocytosis.CONCLUSIONSOverall, lymphocytosis occurred and persisted in many dasatinib‐treated patients in all phases of CML. Its presence was associated with higher response rates, significantly longer response durations, and increased overall survival, suggesting an immunomodulatory effect. Prospective studies are warranted to characterize the functional activity of these cells and to assess whether an immunologic effect against CML is detectable. Cancer 2016;122:1398–1407. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Nanomaterials and Technologies for Lithium‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Gu Haichen , Zhu Yuan‐En , Yang Jiqian , Wei Jinping , Zhou Zhen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFor developing energy storage devices with both high energy and power density, lithium‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (LIHSs) are the optimal candidate to bridge the gap between lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and conventional supercapacitors. A LIHS consists of a capacitor‐type cathode and a LIB‐type anode. However, the particle size of LIB‐type anode materials should be within ≈10 nm to overcome the sluggish ion diffusion in the bulk. In addition, capacitor‐type cathode materials are required to possess high capacitance to match with LIB‐type anodes. Meanwhile, pre‐lithiation proves an effective strategy to achieve high cell voltages and high energy density accordingly. In this review we first summarize the requirement on electrode materials for LIHSs, and then propose two levels of LIHSs with the clarification of true LIHSs according to the energy and power density. Finally, we give an outlook for future LIHSs.
Genetic evidence for prevalence of alloparental care in a socially monogamous biparental cichlid fish, Perissodus microlepis, from Lake Tanganyika supports the “selfish shepherd effect” hypothesis
Authors: Lee Hyuk Je , Heim Valentin , Meyer Axel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAlloparental care – care for unrelated young – is rare in animals, and its ecological or evolutionary advantages or, alternative maladaptive nature, remain unclear. We investigate alloparental care in the socially monogamous cichlid fish Perissodus microlepis from Lake Tanganyika that exhibits bi‐parental care. In a genetic parentage analysis, we discovered a surprisingly high percentage of alloparental care represented by brood mixing, extra‐pair paternity and extra‐pair maternity in all broods that we investigated. The percentage of nondescendant juveniles of other parents, i.e., brood mixing, ranged from 5% to 57% (mean = 28%). The distribution of genetic parentage also suggests that this socially monogamous species has, in fact, polygamous mating system. The prevalence of genetically mixed broods can be best explained by two, not mutually exclusive hypotheses on farming‐out and fostering behaviors. In the majority of broods, the sizes of the parents’ own (descendant) offspring were significantly larger than those of the adopted (nondescendant) juveniles, supporting the ‘selfish shepherd effect’ hypothesis, i.e., that foster parents preferentially accept unrelated “smaller or not larger” young since this would tend to lower the predation risks for their own larger offspring. There was also a tendency for larger parents particularly mothers, more so than smaller parents, to care predominantly for their own offspring. Larger parents might be better at defending against cuckoldry and having foreign young dumped into their broods through farming‐out behavior. This result might argue for maladaptive effects of allopatric care for the foster parents that only larger and possibly more experienced pairs can guard against. It needs to be determined why, apparently, the ability to recognize one's own young has not evolved in this species.
Energy‐Efficient Train Speed Profile Generator Combining Partial Energy‐Oriented Driving Approaches
Authors: KUMAZAWA KAZUMASA , SATO KEISUKE , OGAWA TOMOYUKI 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYOne way of reducing the energy consumption of trains is to drive them in an energy‐efficient manner. There can be various driving patterns between two adjacent stops, or various speed profiles, because there is a gap called the running time supplement between the planned running time set in a timetable and the shortest possible running time of the train. Previous studies have proposed using up the supplement by changing the driving operation from powering to coasting at optimal points in terms of energy consumption. Others have shown that full use of regenerative braking helps save energy. In this study, we developed an energy‐efficient speed profile generator by combining these partial energy‐oriented driving approaches when the planned running time is given. We added this generator to existing shortest running time calculation software, so that it works for various vehicle and train route data. Numerical experiments showed that our profile provided superior performance compared to manually created ones for artificial and real data.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of SiO44–‐Substituted Hydroxyapatite, Part III – Thermal Stability
Authors: Bulina Natalya V. , Chaikina Marina V. , Prosanov Igor Yu. , Gerasimov Konstantin B. , Ishchenko Arkady V. , Dudina Dina V. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThermal stability of mechanochemically synthesized silicon‐substituted hydroxyapatite containing 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 mol of silicon per mol of apatite unit cell has been studied for the first time. The powders of the silicon‐substituted hydroxyapatite were annealed within the temperature range 700–1300 °C. It was found that the substituted hydroxyapatites remain single‐phase after annealing at temperatures of up to 900 °C for all concentrations of added silicon. The second phase – silicocarnotite Ca5(PO4)2SiO4 – appears in the materials containing 1.0 and 1.2 mol of added silicon that have been annealed at 1000 °C. In the powder containing 0.8 mol of added silicon, silicocarnotite was detected after annealing at 1100 °C. The formation of silicocarnotite is likely to occur in the nanoparticles of the silicon‐substituted hydroxyapatite with silicon concentrations much higher than the average value. It was found that the silicon‐substituted hydroxyapatite containing 0.6 mol of silicon per mol of apatite unit cell has the highest thermal stability and remains single‐phase up to a temperature of 1200 °C, similarly to pure hydroxyapatite obtained by the same synthesis method.
Mimicry of the 2‐His‐1‐Carboxylate Facial Triad Using Bulky N,N,O‐Ligands: Non‐Heme Iron Complexes Featuring a Single Facial Ligand and Easily Exchangeable Co‐Ligands
Authors: Folkertsma Emma , de Waard Esther F. , Korpershoek Gerda , van Schaik Arnoldus J. , Solozabal Mirón Naiara , Borrmann Mandy , Nijsse Sjoerd , Moelands Marcel A. H. , Lutz Martin , Otte Matthias , Moret Marc‐Etienne , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Bert Klein Gebbink at Utrecht University, The Netherlands. The cover image shows the structures of the enzyme deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase (DAOCS) and its synthetic analogue.
Time‐Efficient Synthesis of Pyrido­[2,3‐d]pyrimidinones via α‐Oxoket­enes
Authors: Castillo Juan‐Carlos , Quiroga Jairo , Rodriguez Jean , Coquerel Yoann 
Published: March 2016

Abstractα‐Oxoketene reactive intermediates generated in situ by microwave‐assisted Wolff rearrangement of 2‐diazo‐1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds have been found to react with 6‐aminopyrimidine derivatives as 1,3‐C,N‐bis‐nucleophiles to yield pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidinones and related compounds amenable to further functionalization.
Redistribution and export of contaminated sediment within eastern Fukushima Prefecture due to typhoon flooding
Authors: Kitamura Akihiro , Kurikami Hiroshi , Sakuma Kazuyuki , Malins Alex , Okumura Masahiko , Machida Masahiko , Mori Koji , Tada Kazuhiro , Tawara Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Takamaru , Yoshida Takafumi , Tosaka Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTropical cyclones expose river basins to heavy rainfall and flooding, and cause substantial soil erosion and sediment transport. There is heightened interest in the effects of typhoon floods on river basins in northeast Japan, as the migration of radiocaesium‐bearing soils contaminated by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident will affect future radiation levels. The five main catchments surrounding FDNPP are the Odaka, Ukedo, Maeda, Kuma and Tomioka basins, but little quantitative modelling has been undertaken to identify the sediment redistribution patterns and controlling processes across these basins. Here we address this issue and report catchment‐scale modelling of the five basins using the GETFLOWS simulation code. The three‐dimensional (3D) models of the basins incorporated details of the geology, soil type, land cover, and used data from meteorological records as inputs. The simulation results were checked against field monitoring data for water flow rates, suspended sediment concentrations and accumulated sediment erosion and deposition. The results show that the majority of annual sediment migration in the basins occurs over storm periods, thus making typhoons the main vectors for redistribution. The Ukedo and Tomioka basins are the most important basins in the region in terms of overall sediment transport, followed by the other three basins each with similar discharge amounts. Erosion is strongly correlated with the underlying geology and the surface topography in the study area. A low permeability Pliocene Dainenji formation in the coastal area causes high surface water flow rates and soil erosion. Conversely, erosion is lower in an area with high permeability granite basement rocks between the Hatagawa and Futaba faults in the centre of the study area. Land cover is also a factor controlling differences in erosion and transport rates between forested areas in the west of the study area and predominantly agricultural areas towards the east. The largest sediment depositions occur in the Ogaki and Takigawa Dams, at the confluence of the Takase and Ukedo Rivers, and at the Ukedo River mouth. Having clarified the sediment redistribution patterns and controlling processes, these results can assist the ongoing task of monitoring radioactive caesium redistribution within Fukushima Prefecture, and contribute to the design and implementation of measures to protect health and the environment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Locally cooperative traffic‐offloading in multi‐mode small cell networks via potential games
Authors: Shao Hongxiang , Sun Youming , Zhao Hangsheng , Zhong Wei , Xu Yuhua 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWith the explosive growth of wireless data traffic, a new multi‐mode small cell has been studied for offloading part of traffic load to unlicensed band in order to alleviate burden in licensed band. With the offloading technology, networks can achieve higher system throughput and provide better quality of experience for users. However, the lack of network planning may result in severe co‐channel interference. The key question is how to allocate traffic load rationally to prevent severe interference from users in unlicensed band. In this paper, to dispose complex coupled interference relation among small cells, we introduce an interference graph to capture the interactions among small cell base stations. Then, based on the interference graph, we formulate the traffic‐offloading problem of the joint user scheduling and power allocation in multi‐mode small cell networks as a local cooperation game. In addition, we prove that the proposed game is an exact potential game, which has at least one pure strategy Nash equilibrium (NE), and the best NE can maximise the total network sum rate. Furthermore, we design a distributed iterative learning algorithm to explore the pure strategy NE point of the game, where it does not need to know the complete information of the total network. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results verify the convergence of the proposed algorithm and near‐optimal system throughput with good fairness. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of polaprezinc on oral mucositis, irradiation period, and time to discharge in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Suzuki Akio , Kobayashi Ryo , Shakui Toshinobu , Kubota Yukimasa , Fukita Masaharu , Kuze Bunya , Aoki Mitsuhiro , Sugiyama Tadashi , Mizuta Keisuke , Itoh Yoshinori 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to determine whether polaprezinc suspension in sodium alginate (P‐AG) reduces the irradiation period and time to discharge after completion of radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer.MethodsThe incidence and severity of oral mucositis, the irradiation period, and the time to discharge in patients who received radiotherapy with head and neck cancer were investigated retrospectively from the medical records.ResultsThe incidence of grade 3 oral mucositis was significantly lower in the P‐AG group than in the control group (16.5% vs 52.0%; p = .0003). P‐AG also significantly reduced median duration of radiotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.557; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.357–0.871; p = .0149) and median time to discharge after completion of radiotherapy (HR = 0.604; 95% CI = 0.386–0.946; p = .028).ConclusionP‐AG reduced the irradiation period and the time to discharge after completion of radiotherapy by preventing oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1387–1392, 2016
A simulated car‐driving study on the effects of acute administration of levocetirizine, fexofenadine, and diphenhydramine in healthy Japanese volunteers
Authors: Inami Akie , Matsuda Rin , Grobosch Thomas , Komamura Hiroshi , Takeda Kazuko , Yamada Yusuke , Miyake Masayasu , Hiraoka Kotaro , Maurer Marcus , Yanai Kazuhiko , Tashiro Manabu 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveAntihistamines are often used for treating allergic rhinitis. However, many older antihistamines cause sedative side effects. The sedative effects of antihistamines on car‐driving have been investigated. This has not been investigated for levocetirizine, a new‐generation antihistamine, in Asian populations, and so we evaluated its sedative effects in healthy Japanese subjects.MethodsIn this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, four‐way crossover study, healthy volunteers received single doses of levocetirizine 5 mg, fexofenadine 60 mg, diphenhydramine 50 mg, and placebo at intervals of at least 6 days. Simple brake reaction time and choice brake reaction time task (CBRT), a lateral tracking (LT) task, and a multiple task, a mixture of CBRT and LT task, were used to compare driving performance between the four drugs. Subjective sedation was also assessed.ResultsThe simple brake reaction time and CBRT, and the CBRT component of the multiple task, did not show any significant differences between the drugs. In contrast, the LT, both as a single parameter and as a component of the multiple task, showed significant differences between diphenhydramine and the newer‐generation antihistamines in a manner that corresponds with subjective sedation.ConclusionsLevocetirizine and fexofenadine did not impair psychomotor performance in subjects performing simulated car‐driving tasks, while diphenhydramine did impair psychomotor performance in the subjects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of 3D porous SF/β‐TCP hybrid scaffolds for bone tissue reconstruction
Authors: Park Hyun Jung , Min Kyung Dan , Lee Min Chae , Kim Soo Hyeon , Lee Ok Joo , Ju Hyung Woo , Moon Bo Mi , Lee Jung Min , Park Ye Ri , Kim Dong Wook , Jeong Ju Yeon , Park Chan Hum 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBio‐ceramic is a biomaterial actively studied in the field of bone tissue engineering. But, only certain ceramic materials can resolve the corrosion problem and possess the biological affinity of conventional metal biomaterials. Therefore, the recent development of composites of hybrid composites and polymers has been widely studied. In this study, we aimed to select the best scaffold of silk fibroin and β‐TCP hybrid for bone tissue engineering. We fabricated three groups of scaffold such as SF (silk fibroin scaffold), GS (silk fibroin/small granule size of β‐TCP scaffold) and GM (silk fibroin/medium granule size of β‐TCP scaffold), and we compared the characteristics of each group. During characterization of the scaffold, we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for structural analysis. We compared the physiological properties of the scaffold regarding the swelling ratio, water uptake and porosity. To evaluate the mechanical properties, we examined the compressive strength of the scaffold. During in vitro testing, we evaluated cell attachment and cell proliferation (CCK‐8). Finally, we confirmed in vivo new bone regeneration from the implanted scaffolds using histological staining and micro‐CT. From these evaluations, the fabricated scaffold demonstrated high porosity with good inter‐pore connectivity, showed good biocompatibility and high compressive strength and modulus. In particular, the present study indicates that the GM scaffold using β‐TCP accelerates new bone regeneration of implanted scaffolds. Accordingly, our scaffold is expected to act a useful application in the field of bone tissue engineering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1779–1787, 2016.
Compliance, Persistence, and Preferences Regarding Osteoporosis Treatment During Active Therapy or Drug Holiday
Authors: Eliasaf Alona , Amitai Alina , Maram Edry Mira , Yosselson Superstine Shimona , Rotman Pikielny Pnina 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOsteoporosis treatments reduce the risk of fractures by 30%–50%, but adherence after 1 year is only about 50%. Drug holiday, a period with no active treatment, is part of routine management. The objective of this study was to determine compliance and persistence with osteoporosis therapy among postmenopausal women and to assess attitudes regarding treatment resumption among patients on drug holiday. This was a prospective observational study of patients followed at a dedicated metabolic bone clinic September 2013–February 2014. Compliance was assessed by medication possession ratio (MPR; number of doses dispensed relative to the number prescribed). Persistence was defined as continuation of treatment without a >30‐day gap in prescription refills. Of 150 patients (70.1 ± 8.1 years), 57% were prescribed a medication: 64% oral, mostly bisphosphonates. MPR ≥ 80% was found in 80% and <50% in 12%; it was 100% for zoledronic acid and denosumab and 97%, 85%, 83%, and 70% for raloxifene, teriparatide, oral bisphosphonates, and strontium ranelate, respectively. Of 39 patients prescribed oral bisphosphonates, 77% persisted with treatment, and 89% took them as directed. Of 64 patients on a drug holiday, 59% expressed confidence in their physician's future treatment choice, whereas 19% expressed concerns about resuming treatment. Compliance among patients attending a dedicated bone clinic was higher than that reported in the literature. High persistence and compliance may be specific to patients followed in this type of setting. This study provides new information about attitudes of patients on a drug holiday. Most were not concerned about resuming treatment and did not have a preferred medication.