bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Introducing Rice Based Four Crops Pattern in Rangpur Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Sh. Islam M , Yesmin Zakia , Badshah MA , Ali MA 
Published: August 2017

An experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) Farm at Rangpur during July 2014 - June 2016 to introduce a 4-crops pattern with the aim of increasing cropping intensity, productivity, income and soil fertility. The experimental design was RCB with 3 replications. Four cropping patterns were tested which were: CP1 = T. Aman (BRRI dhan62)-Potato (Cardinal)-Mungbean (BARI Mung-6)-T. Aus (BRRI dhan48), CP2 = T. Aman (BRRI dhan62)-Mustard (BARI Sorisha-14)-Mungbean (BARI Mung-6)-T. Aus (BRRI dhan48), Farmers improved practice (FIP) = T. Aman (BR11)-Potato (Cardinal)-Maize (NK 40) and Farmers general practice (FP) = T. Aman (BR11)-Boro (BRRI dhan28)- Fallow. In T. Aman 2014, BRRI dhan62 produced 3.87 and 3.85 t ha-1 grain yields under CP1 & CP2 (4 crops systems), respectively; BR11 gave grain yield of 4.62 and 4.36 t ha-1 in FIP and FP (3 and 2 crop system), respectively. In T. Aman 2015, BRRI dhan62 produced grain yield of 4.23 and 4.19 t ha-1 in CP1 and CP2, and BR11 gave grain yield of 5.95 and 5.92 t ha-1 in FIP and FP, respectively. After T. Aman, potato yield was 24.66 t ha-1 in CP1 and 24.17 t ha-1 in FIP during 2014-15. In CP2, 2nd crop mustard yield was 1.16 t ha-1 and3rd crop mungbean yield was only 0.98 t ha-1.In CP1, 3rd crop mungbean yield was only 0.83 t ha-1. After potato in FIP, maize yield was 8.38 t ha-1. After T. Aman (BR11) in FP, grain yield of BRRI dhan28 was 5.42 t ha-1. The yield of BRRI dhan48 in CP1 and CP2 (as 4th crop) was 4.5 t ha-1. Similar results of different crops were obtained in 2015-16. The rice equivalent yield (REY) was found to be 30.05 & 35.95 t ha-1yr-1 in CP1 during 1st and 2nd yearfollowed by FIP (23.92 & 29.82 t ha-1yr-1, respectively). The REY was higher in 2nd year compared to 1st year. In 2014-15 the highest net return of Tk.2,42,560 ha-1 was observed in CP1 followed by FIP(Tk.1,58,380 ha-1); in 2015-16, the highest net return was in CP1 (Tk.2,16,960 ha-1) followed by FIP(Tk.1,24,620 ha-1). Potato based cropping pattern was thus, the most suitable and profitable pattern in this area. T. Aman (BRRI dhan62)-Potato (Cardinal)-Mungbean (BARI Mung-6)-T. Aus (BRRI dhan48) may, therefore, be the most suitable and profitable cropping pattern in medium high lands of Rangpur region. The Agriculturists 2017; 15(1) 116-126
Selection of Core Collection from <i>Jesso-Balam</i> Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Accessions Using Quantitative, Qualitative and Molecular Characters-A Review
Authors: Ahmed MS , Md. Iftekharuddaula Khandakar 
Published: August 2017

Genetic improvement of rice (Oryza sativa L.) for yield is important for increasing demand of the growing population and the changing climate of the world. Recent studies showed that backcrossing twice using modern varieties as receptor and mini core collection as doner, most of the undesirable traits could be improved remarkably and in other words its maximum allele diversity could be brought back into rice fields. Core collection is defined as a subset chosen to represent the most genetic diversity of an initial collection with a minimum of redundancies. The objective of the present study was to review the selection of core collection of Jesso-Balam group of rice genotypes through quantitative, qualitative and molecular characters. Earlier, the same germplasms were characterized for agro-morphological, physico-chemical and molecular characters and grouped into different clusters by different methods at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute during 2009-12. Finally, the core collection was selected by reviewing the above characterized data and using the hierarchical cluster analysis. Moreover, the selection processes of core collection were improved by applying composite evaluation methods; such as agro-morphological traits, biochemical characters and so on, through sampling strategies based on genotypic values, predicted genotypic value, comparing different genetic distances, cluster methods and sampling strategies methods, molecular characterization or SSR marker base data. As a result, the selected core germplasm of Jesso-Balam rice accessions were JBPL1, JBPL8, JBPL9, JBPL10, JBPL13, JBPL15, JBPL16, JBPL17, JBPL19, JBPL20, JBPL21, JBPL23, JBPL25 and JBPL26. In conclusion, the core collection need to be considered as the working collection of Jesso-Balam rice genotypes for their easy and safe conservation and effective utilization in Gene bank.The Agriculturists 2017; 15(1) 170-181
La micro-constructionnalisation en tandem : la copularisation de tourner et virer
Authors: Van Wettere Niek , Lauwers Peter 
Published: August 2017

Cet article explore les « voies de grammaticalisation primaire » d’une paire de verbes attributifs exprimant un changement d’état, à savoir tourner/virer , à l’aide de la « boîte à outils » de la Grammaire constructionnelle diachronique . Fondamentalement, deux mécanismes de constructionnalisation jouent un rôle important dans le processus de copularisation : (i) l’interaction entre les micro-constructions prépositionnelles d’un emploi déjà désémantisé du verbe et leur micro-construction semi-copulative correspondante et (ii) l’attraction lexicale exercée par un verbe synonymique qui attire d’autres verbes dans le spectre de la construction attributive (cf. analogisation ).
IFN-α Negatively Regulates the Expression of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nitric Oxide Production: Implications for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Buie Joy Jones , Renaud Ludivine L. , Muise-Helmericks Robin , Oates Jim C. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a known risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. Murine and human lupus studies revealed a role for IFN-α in vascular abnormalities associated with impaired blood vessel dilation. However, the impact of IFN-α on mediators that induce vasodilation and modulate inflammation, including endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and NO bioavailability, are unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine how IFN-α promotes endothelial dysfunction in SLE, focusing on its regulation of eNOS and NO production in endothelial cells. We demonstrate that IFN-α promotes an endothelial dysfunction signature in HUVECs that is characterized by transcription suppression and mRNA instability of eNOS complemented by upregulation of MCP1 and VCAM1. These changes are associated with IFN-inducible gene expression. IFN-α impairs insulin-mediated NO production, and altered gene expression resulted from eNOS instability, possibly due to enhanced miR-155 expression. IFN-α significantly impaired NO production in insulin-stimulated HUVECs. IFN-α treatment also led to enhanced neutrophil adhesion. Our study introduces a novel pathway by which IFN-α serves as a proatherogenic mediator through repression of eNOS-dependent pathways. This could promote the development of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in SLE.
Intact Stability Analysis of Dead Ship Conditions using FORM
Authors: Choi Ju-hyuck , Jensen Jørgen J. , Kristensen Hans O. , Nielsen Ulrik D. , Erichsen Henrik 
Published: August 2017

The international Maritime Organization (IMO) Weather Criterion has proven to be the governing stability criteria regarding minimum metacentric height for e.g., small ferries and large passenger ships. The formulation of the Weather Criterion is based on some empirical relations derived many years ago for vessels not necessarily representative for current new buildings with large superstructures. Thus, it seems reasonable to investigate the possibility of capsizing in beam sea under the joint action of waves and wind using direct time domain simulations. This has already been done in several studies. Here, it is combined with the first order reliability method (FORM) to define possible combined critical wave and wind scenarios leading to capsize and corresponding probability of capsize. The FORM results for a fictitious vessel are compared with Monte Carlo simulations, and good agreement is found at a much lesser computational effort. Finally, the results for an existing small ferry will be discussed in the light of the current weather criterion.

1. Introduction
Recently, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has initiated a thorough revision of the intact stability rules in the framework of goal-based design, e.g., Peters et al. (2013). Several draft guidelines have been issued, e.g., SDC 1/INF.8 (IMO 2013) discussing in details the requirements for the hydrodynamic software to be applied including qualitative and quantitative assessment procedures. The focus so far has been mostly on failure modes related to the change of righting lever in waves, notably parametric rolling and pure loss of stability, whereas the dead ship behavior in beam sea still is based on the existing Weather Criterion issued by IMO (1985) as Resolution A.562. This criterion is based to a large extent on model tests of older hull forms and does not provide any probability of capsize for a given vessel, just a pass/no pass result. Furthermore, the wave environment is not explicitly specified in the criterion thus leading to the same requirement whether the ship is sailing in restricted areas or not. A very detailed and precise description of the drawbacks in the IMO Weather Criterion, as applied to modern ships, is given in Bulian and Francescutto (2004). In a recent study by Tompuri et al. (2015), a detailed investigation on application of the second generation intact stability criteria has been done. However, the criterion for dead ship condition is excluded from this thorough study because the criterion is thought to be still in the early phase of development.
Iceland‐Scotland Overflow Water transport variability through the Charlie‐Gibbs Fracture Zone and the impact of the North Atlantic Current
Authors: Bower Amy , Furey Heather 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Charlie‐Gibbs Fracture Zone (CGFZ), a deep and wide gap in the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge near 52°N, is a gateway between the eastern and western subpolar regions for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). In 2010–2012, an eight‐mooring array of current meters and temperature/salinity sensors was installed across the CGFZ between 500 m and the sea floor to measure the mean transport of westward‐flowing Iceland‐Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) and investigate the impact of the eastward‐flowing North Atlantic Current (NAC) on ISOW transport variability. The 22 month record mean ISOW transport through the CGFZ, −1.7 ± 0.5 Sv (95% confidence interval), is 30% lower than the previously published estimate based on 13 months of current‐only measurements, −2.4 ± 1.2 Sv. The latter mean estimate may have been biased high due to the lack of continuous salinity measurements, although the two estimates are not statistically different due to strong mesoscale variability in both data sets. Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis and maps of satellite‐derived absolute dynamic topography show that weak westward ISOW transport events and eastward reversals are caused by northward meanders of the NAC, with its deep‐reaching eastward velocities. These results add to growing evidence that a significant fraction of ISOW exits the Iceland Basin by routes other than the CGFZ.
Measurements of light‐absorbing particles in snow across the Arctic, North America, and China: Effects on surface albedo
Authors: Dang Cheng , Warren Stephen G. , Fu Qiang , Doherty Sarah J. , Sturm Matthew , Su Jing 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUsing field observations, we perform radiative transfer calculations on snowpacks in the Arctic, China, and North America to quantify the impact of light‐absorbing particles (LAPs) on snow albedo and its sensitivity to different factors. For new snow, the regional‐averaged albedo reductions caused by all LAPs in the Arctic, North America, and China are 0.009, 0.012, and 0.077, respectively, of which the albedo reductions caused by black carbon (BC) alone are 0.005, 0.005, and 0.031, corresponding to a positive radiative forcing of 0.06, 0.3, and 3 W m−2. For the same particulate concentrations, the albedo reduction for old melting snow is larger than that of new snow by a factor of 2; this leads to 3–8 times larger radiative forcing, in part due to higher solar irradiance in the melting season. These calculations used ambient snowpack properties; if all snowpacks were instead assumed to be optically thick, the albedo reduction would be 20–50% larger for new snow in the Arctic and North America and 120–300% larger for old snow. Accounting for non‐BC LAPs reduces the albedo reduction by BC in the Arctic, North America, and China by 32%, 29%, and 70%, respectively, for new snow and 11%, 7%, and 51% for old snow. BC‐in‐snow albedo reduction computed using a two‐layer model agrees reasonably with that computed using a multilayer model. Biases in BC concentration or snow depth often lead to nonlinear biases in BC‐induced albedo reduction.
Impacts of interactive dust and its direct radiative forcing on interannual variations of temperature and precipitation in winter over East Asia
Authors: Lou Sijia , Russell Lynn M. , Yang Yang , Liu Ying , Singh Balwinder , Ghan Steven J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe used two 150 year preindustrial simulations of the Community Earth System Model, one with interactive dust and the other with prescribed dust, to quantify the impacts of changes in wind during East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) season on dust emissions, and the resulting consequences for interannual variations of temperature and precipitation over East Asia. The simulated December‐January‐February dust column burden and dust optical depth are lower over northern China in the strongest EAWM years than those of the weakest years by 38.3% and 37.2%, respectively. The decrease in dust over the dust source regions and the downwind region leads to an increase in direct radiative forcing (RF) at the surface by up to 1.5 W m−2. The effects of EAWM‐related variations in surface winds, precipitation, and their effects on dust emissions and wet removal contribute 67% to the total dust‐induced variations of direct RF at the surface and partly offset the cooling that occurs with the EAWM strengthening by heating the surface. The variations of surface air temperature induced by the changes in wind and dust emissions between the strongest and weakest EAWM years (strongest minus weakest) decrease by 0.4–0.6 K from eastern coastal China to Japan, which weakens the impact of EAWM on surface air temperature by 3–18% in these regions. The warming results from the combined effects of changes in direct RF, turbulent heat flux at the surface, and northwesterly wind anomalies that bring cold and dry air from Siberia to these regions. Over eastern coastal China, the variations of large‐scale precipitation induced by the feedback of EAWM‐related changes in wind on dust emissions decrease by 10–30% in winter because of the reduced changes in surface air temperature and the anomalous circulation.
Delineation of peatland lagg boundaries from airborne LiDAR
Authors: Langlois Melanie N. , Richardson Murray C. , Price Jonathan S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn Canada, peatlands are the most common type of wetland, but boundary delineation in peatland complexes has received little attention in the scientific literature. Typically, peatland boundaries are mapped as crisp, absolute features, and the transitional lagg zone—the ecotone found between a raised bog and the surrounding mineral land—is often overlooked. In this study, we aim (1) to advance existing approaches for detecting and locating laggs and lagg boundaries using airborne LiDAR surveys and (2) to describe the spatial distribution of laggs around raised bog peatlands. Two contrasting spatial analytical approaches for lagg detection were tested using five LiDAR‐derived topographic and vegetation indices: topography, vegetation height, topographic wetness index, the standard deviation of the vegetation's height (as a proxy for the complexity of the vegetation's structure), and local indices of elevation variance. Using a dissimilarity approach (edge‐detection, split‐moving window analysis), no one variable accurately depicted both the lagg‐mineral land and bog‐lagg boundaries. Some indicators were better at predicting the bog‐lagg boundary (i.e., vegetation height) and others at finding the lagg‐mineral land boundary (i.e., topography). Dissimilarity analysis reinforces the usefulness of derived variables (e.g., wetness indices) in locating laggs, especially for those with weak topographic and vegetation gradients. When the lagg was confined between the bog and the adjacent upland, it took a linear form, parallel to the peatland's edge and was easier to predict. When the adjacent mineral land was flat or sloping away from the peatland, the lagg was discontinuous and intermittent and more difficult to predict.
Edible Electrochemistry: Food Materials Based Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Kim Jayoung , Jeerapan Itthipon , Ciui Bianca , Hartel Martin C. , Martin Aida , Wang Joseph 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study demonstrates the first example of completely food‐based edible electrochemical sensors. The new edible composite electrodes consist of food materials and supplements serving as the edible conductor, corn, and olive oils as edible binders, vegetables as biocatalysts, and food‐based packing sleeves. These edible composite electrodes are systematically characterized for their attractive electrochemical properties, such as potential window, capacitance, redox activity using various electrochemical techniques. The sensing performance of the edible carbon composite electrodes compares favorably with that of “traditional” carbon paste electrodes. Well defined voltammetric detection of catechol, uric acid, ascorbic acid, dopamine, and acetaminophen is demonstrated, including sensitive measurements in simulated saliva, gastric fluid, and intestinal fluid. Furthermore, successful biosensing applications are realized by incorporating a mushroom and horseradish vegetable tissues with edible carbon pastes for imparting biocatalytic activity toward the biosensing of phenolic and peroxide compounds. The attractive sensing performance of the new edible sensors indicates considerable promise for physiological monitoring applications and for developing edible and ingestible devices for diverse biomedical applications.
Catalytic Efficient Nazarov Reaction of Unactivated Aryl Vinyl Ketones via a Bidentate Diiron Lewis Acid Activation Strategy
Authors: Zhou Xin , Zhao Yukun , Cao Yang , He Lirong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA catalytic highly efficient Nazarov reaction of unactivated aryl vinyl ketones has been accomplished by employing aryl boric acid/Fe(OTf)3. Significant progress was obtained in utilizing an extremely broad substrate scope, giving indanones in high yields with high regioselectivities and diastereoselectivities. The mechanistic investigation supports a bidentate diiron Lewis acid catalysis, and the strong double electrophilic activation of aryl vinyl ketones via simultaneous coordination plays a key role in achieving a high reaction efficiency.magnified image
Efficient and Hysteresis‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells Based on a Solution Processable Polar Fullerene Electron Transport Layer
Authors: Wang Ying‐Chiao , Li Xiaodong , Zhu Liping , Liu Xiaohui , Zhang Wenjun , Fang Junfeng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFullerene derivatives, which possess extraordinary geometric shapes and high electron affinity, have attracted significant attention for thin film technologies. This study demonstrates an important photovoltaic application using carboxyl‐functionalized carbon buckyballs, C60 pyrrolidine tris‐acid (CPTA), to fabricate electron transport layers (ETLs) that replace traditional metal oxide‐based ETLs in efficient and stable n‐i‐p‐structured planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The uniform CPTA film is covalently anchored onto the surface of indium tin oxide (ITO), significantly suppressing hysteresis and enhancing the flexural strength in the CPTA‐modified PSCs. Moreover, solution‐processable CPTA‐based ETLs also enable the fabrication of lightweight flexible PSCs. The maximum‐performing device structures composed of ITO/CPTA/CH3NH3PbI3/2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis‐(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD)/Au yield power conversion efficiencies of more than 18% on glass substrates and up to 17% on flexible substrates. These results indicate that the CPTA layers provide new opportunities for solution‐processed organic ETLs by substantially simplifying the procedure for fabricating PSCs for portable applications.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: 2017 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment
Authors: Hallek Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDisease OverviewChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the commonest leukemia in western countries. The disease typically occurs in elderly patients and has a highly variable clinical course. Leukemic transformation is initiated by specific genomic alterations that impair apoptosis of clonal B cells.DiagnosisThe diagnosis is established by blood counts, blood smears, and immunophenotyping of circulating B lymphocytes, which identify a clonal B‐cell population carrying the CD5 antigen and B‐cell markers.PrognosisTwo prognostic staging systems exist, the Rai and Binet staging systems, which are established by physical examination and blood counts. Various biological and genetic markers also have prognostic value. Deletions of the short arm of chromosome 17 (del(17p)) and/or mutations of the TP53 gene predict resistance to available chemotherapies. A comprehensive prognostic score (CLL‐IPI) using genetic, biological, and clinical variables has recently been developed allowing to classify CLL into very distinct risk groups.TherapyPatients with active or symptomatic disease or with advanced Binet or Rai stages require therapy. For physically fit patients, chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab remains the current standard therapy. For unfit patients, currently available evidence supports two options for a first‐line therapy: chlorambucil combined with an anti‐CD20 antibody (obinutuzumab or rituximab or ofatumumab) or a continuous therapy with ibrutinib. At relapse, the initial treatment may be repeated, if the treatment‐free interval exceeds 3 years. If the disease relapses earlier, therapy should be changed using alternative agents such as bendamustine (plus rituximab), alemtuzumab, lenalidomide, ofatumumab, ibrutinib, idelalisib, or venetoclax. Patients with a del(17p) or TP53 mutation can be treated with ibrutinib, venetoclax, or a combination of idelalisib and rituximab. An allogeneic SCT may be considered in relapsing patients with TP53 mutations or del(17p) or patients that are refractory to chemoimmunotherapy and the novel inhibitors.Future ChallengesThe new agents (ibrutinib, idelalisib, venetoclax, and obinutuzumab) hold the potential to significantly improve the outcome of CLL patients. However, their optimal use (in terms of combination, sequence, and duration) remains unknown. Therefore, CLL patients should be treated in clinical trials whenever possible.
Direct Functionalization of Azepane via Azomethine Ylides: A Highly Efficient Synthesis of Spirooxindoles Bearing a 1‐Azabicyclo[5.3.0]decane Moiety
Authors: Meng Xiangtai , Du Yanlong , Zhang Qi , Yu Aimin , Zhang Youquan , Jia Jiru , Liu Xiujie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSpirooxindoles bearing a 1‐azabicyclo[5.3.0]decane moiety were synthesized in one step via direct functionalization of the azepane without a transition metal or oxidants. This is an efficient process for the synthesis of fused 7/5‐heterobicyclic systems in one step. Furthermore, cycloaddition of the in‐situ‐generated azomethine ylide only proceeded for alkenyl sulfone dipolarophiles.