bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Outcome of Complex Lower Limb Problems treated by Ring External Fixator and Evolvement of Practices toward its Acceptability
Authors: Shrivastava Sandeep , Khan Sohael M , Rathi Romil , Mundada Gaurav , Singh Pradeep K , Taywade Shounak 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn the developing world, there is still lack of accessibility and availability of adequate health care. In rural population this further gets limited, due to meager immediate resource at disposition and lack of availability of transports to adequate set ups. This cross-sectional study is undertaken among our rural patients who had undergone this treatment to understand what difficulties they had faced during such treatments and their acceptability toward such treatment. This study was undertaken with the aim to find out the acceptability and adaptability among the rural population for Ilizarov ring fixators.Materials and methodsThe study consisted of 88 consecutive cases (91 lower limbs) of all age groups, who completed the treatment by Ilizarov methodology between July 2005 and July 2012. A retrospective analysis of the procedure was done through the medical records in terms of preoperative, intra­operative, and after the complete treatment. These were analyzed for limb lengthening in centimeters, correction of deformities, total wearing duration, and final outcome. Subsequently, these patients/parents were interviewed with a questionnaire to assess the self-accessibility (ease) toward self-care; self-distraction; self-adaptability–comfort during wearing time and the difficulties faced.ResultsOverall the functional outcome was excellent in 18, good in 50, fair in 8, and poor in 4. Out of 91 patients, 67 (73.6%) followed up and could be evaluated for adaptability toward Ilizarov fixator. Overall, 91.04% were satisfied with the treatment by Ilizarov fixator. In the remaining the main reason for not accepting the Ilizarov method was difficulty in commuting in the public transport, ugly and threatening looks of fixator with so many wires crossing the leg.ConclusionIlizarov method is a very effective tool for manag­ing the complex lower limb problems, especially among the population with low resources. It will ensure delivery of a very low-cost solution offered to the needy patients, wherein otherwise due to multiplicity of problems, integral solution is difficult to achieve within their resources.How to cite this articleShrivastava S, Khan SM, Rathi R, Mundada G, Singh PK, Taywade S. Study on Outcome of Complex Lower Limb Problems treated by Ring External Fixator and Evolvement of Practices toward its Acceptability. J Med Sci 2017;3(2):35-40.
Cardiac Disease complicating Pregnancy: A Tertiary Care Center Experience
Authors: Sarojamma C , Sneha P 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionCardiac disease in pregnancy is a major problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries. It often poses a difficult clinical scenario with the responsibility of the treating obstetrician also extending to the unborn fetus. In the present study, we aim to know the maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by cardiac disease.Materials and methodsAll pregnant patients with cardiac disease who delivered at our institution during 2014 to 2016 were evaluated to look for the final pregnancy outcomes.ResultsOut of 36 study cases, 44.44% had no maternal complications, while 88.89% had good fetal/neonatal outcome. The commonest maternal cardiac complication was sustained tachyarrhythmia/bradycardia followed by pulmonary edema, while intrauterine growth restriction was encountered in fetal outcome.ConclusionMultidisciplinary team management of cardiac disease, led by an experienced obstetrician and cardiologist, reduces the adverse outcomes in pregnancies complicated by cardiac diseases.How to cite this articleSneha P, Sarojamma C, Nagarathnamma R. Cardiac Disease complicating Pregnancy: A Tertiary Care Center Experience. J Med Sci 2017;3(2):41-44.
Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Patil Mamatha B , Vidyashree J 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTPosterior circulation stroke syndrome has a lesser incidence compared with anterior circulation stroke with an incidence rate of 10 to 15%. Males are commonly affected than females. Patients most commonly present with symptoms of dizziness, diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, and dystaxia. The hallmark of posterior circulation stroke is crossed hemiplegia with cranial nerve involvement on the same side of the lesion and motor or sensory involvement on the opposite side. We report a case of a 60-year-old woman who presented with vertigo, nausea, vomiting, unsteady gait, and tendency to fall on either side.How to cite this articleVidyashree J, Patil MB. Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke. J Med Sci 2017;3(2):59-61.
Top-down and bottom-up aerosol–cloud closure: towards understanding sources of uncertainty in deriving cloud shortwave radiative flux
Authors: Sanchez Kevin J. , Roberts Gregory C. , Calmer Radiance , Nicoll Keri , Hashimshoni Eyal , Rosenfeld Daniel , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Preissler Jana , Ceburnis Darius , O'Dowd Colin , Russell Lynn M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Top-down and bottom-up aerosol–cloud shortwave radiative flux closures were conducted at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station in Galway, Ireland, in August 2015. This study is part of the BACCHUS (Impact of Biogenic versus Anthropogenic emissions on Clouds and Climate: towards a Holistic UnderStanding) European collaborative project, with the goal of understanding key processes affecting aerosol–cloud shortwave radiative flux closures to improve future climate predictions and develop sustainable policies for Europe. Instrument platforms include ground-based unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)1 and satellite measurements of aerosols, clouds and meteorological variables. The ground-based and airborne measurements of aerosol size distributions and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration were used to initiate a 1-D microphysical aerosol–cloud parcel model (ACPM). UAVs were equipped for a specific science mission, with an optical particle counter for aerosol distribution profiles, a cloud sensor to measure cloud extinction or a five-hole probe for 3-D wind vectors. UAV cloud measurements are rare and have only become possible in recent years through the miniaturization of instrumentation. These are the first UAV measurements at Mace Head. ACPM simulations are compared to in situ cloud extinction measurements from UAVs to quantify closure in terms of cloud shortwave radiative flux. Two out of seven cases exhibit sub-adiabatic vertical temperature profiles within the cloud, which suggests that entrainment processes affect cloud microphysical properties and lead to an overestimate of simulated cloud shortwave radiative flux. Including an entrainment parameterization and explicitly calculating the entrainment fraction in the ACPM simulations both improved cloud-top radiative closure. Entrainment reduced the difference between simulated and observation-derived cloud-top shortwave radiative flux (δRF) by between 25 and 60 W m−2. After accounting for entrainment, satellite-derived cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNCs) were within 30 % of simulated CDNC. In cases with a well-mixed boundary layer, δRF is no greater than 20 W m−2 after accounting for cloud-top entrainment and up to 50 W m−2 when entrainment is not taken into account. In cases with a decoupled boundary layer, cloud microphysical properties are inconsistent with ground-based aerosol measurements, as expected, and δRF is as high as 88 W m−2, even high (> 30 W m−2) after accounting for cloud-top entrainment. This work demonstrates the need to take in situ measurements of aerosol properties for cases where the boundary layer is decoupled as well as consider cloud-top entrainment to accurately model stratocumulus cloud radiative flux. 1The regulatory term for UAV is remotely piloted aircraft (RPA).
La Cène
Authors: Bauer Olivier 
Published: August 2017

Il est d’usage de qualifier le repas que Jésus prend avec ses disciples la veille de son arrestation de « dernier repas ». Or, il n’en est rien. Une lecture attentive des évangiles de Luc et de Jean montre que Jésus mange encore après sa mort : au moins du poisson, peut-être du pain et du miel. Un tel constat pourrait relever de l’anecdote et le travail qui y conduit d’un pur souci d’érudition. Sauf qu’ils ont des conséquences pratiques et des impacts contemporains. Car l’insistance sur une « dernière cène » où Jésus partage le pain et le vin a conduit l’Église chrétienne à survaloriser l’eucharistie comme seul repas liturgique, alors que le christianisme primitif semble avoir fait de tous les repas l’occasion de rencontrer le Ressuscité.
Coseismic slip propagation on the Tohoku plate boundary fault facilitated by slip‐dependent weakening during slow fault slip
Authors: Ito Yoshihiro , Ikari Matt J. , Ujiie Kohtaro , Kopf Achim 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSlow slip phenomena, including earthquake afterslip and discrete slow slip events (SSEs), may have a major effect on megathrust earthquakes in subduction zones; however, the nature of this effect is still incompletely understood. Here we report that in friction experiments using samples from the plate boundary fault zone in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake, an increase in sliding velocity can induce a change from steady state frictional strength or slip‐strengthening friction to slip‐weakening frictional behavior. Specifically, significant slip weakening is caused by velocity steps with initial slip rates consistent with afterslip observed after the largest Tohoku earthquake foreshock on 9 March 2011. This suggests that the foreshock afterslip, which is slightly faster than discrete SSEs, is favorable for fault weakening that may have contributed to the large coseismic slip during the main shock on the shallow plate boundary fault during the Tohoku‐Oki earthquake.
Seismic estimates of turbulent diffusivity and evidence of nonlinear internal wave forcing by geometric resonance in the South China Sea
Authors: Fortin W. F. J. , Holbrook W. S. , Schmitt R. W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Luzon Passage generates some of the largest amplitude internal waves in the global ocean as the result of coupling between strong tides, strong stratification, and topography. These internal waves propagate into the South China Sea (SCS) and develop into soliton‐like internal wave pulses that are observed by moored instruments and satellite backscatter data. Despite the observation of these waves, little is known of the mechanisms related to their evolution into nonlinear wave pulses. Using seismic data, we find evidence that the geometry of bathymetric conditions between the Heng‐Chun and Lan‐Yu ridges drive nonlinear internal wave pulse generation. We produce three seismic images and associated maps of turbulent diffusivity to investigate structure around the two ridges and into the SCS. We do not observe large amplitude soliton‐like internal waves between the ridges, but do observe one outside the ridges, a finding in accord with the interpretation that wave pulses form due to geometrical resonance. Additionally, we find no evidence for lee wave activity above the ridges in either the seismic images or associated turbulence maps, suggesting an unlikelihood of hydraulic jump driven generation around the ridges. Our results show increased levels of turbulent diffusivity (1) in deep water below 1000 m, (2) associated with internal tide pulses, and (3) near the steep slopes of the Heng‐Chun and Lan‐Yu ridges as explored in this paper.
Three‐dimensional tidal flow in a fjord‐like basin with converging width: An analytical model
Authors: Ross Lauren , de Swart Huib , Ensing Erik , Valle‐Levinson Arnoldo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA three‐dimensional analytical model was used to understand tidal dynamics in deep and narrow (fjord‐like) basins. This model allows the width of the basin to decay exponentially with along‐channel distance from the mouth. Both the length scale of exponential convergence
and the friction parameter
(vertical eddy viscosity) were the free parameters. Model results show amplification of the tidal amplitude toward the head of the basin. Amplification depends on the narrowing rate of the funnel‐like width of the channel and on friction. Cross‐channel variations in along‐channel tidal flow are also sensitive to the friction parameter. A typical along‐channel tidal flow distribution was found across the channel when the vertical eddy viscosity was characteristic of a basin with strong friction, or the Stokes number was larger than 0.1 (St > 0.1). Maximum along‐channel tidal velocities (ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 m s−1 depending on width convergence strength) were located in the center of the basin and at the surface. Decreasing values of the Stokes number, St < 0.1, resulted in along‐channel velocity maxima located near the lateral boundaries and subsurface in the middle of the channel. These tidal flow distributions were explained by a critical value of St and were verified with observations from Reloncavi Fjord, Chilean Patagonia yielding good agreement.
Mechanisms underlying recent decadal changes in subpolar North Atlantic Ocean heat content
Authors: Piecuch Christopher G. , Ponte Rui M. , Little Christopher M. , Buckley Martha W. , Fukumori Ichiro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) is subject to strong decadal variability, with implications for surface climate and its predictability. In 2004–2005, SPNA decadal upper ocean and sea‐surface temperature trends reversed from warming during 1994–2004 to cooling over 2005–2015. This recent decadal trend reversal in SPNA ocean heat content (OHC) is studied using a physically consistent, observationally constrained global ocean state estimate covering 1992–2015. The estimate's physical consistency facilitates quantitative causal attribution of ocean variations. Closed heat budget diagnostics reveal that the SPNA OHC trend reversal is the result of heat advection by midlatitude ocean circulation. Kinematic decompositions reveal that changes in the deep and intermediate vertical overturning circulation cannot account for the trend reversal, but rather ocean heat transports by horizontal gyre circulations render the primary contributions. The shift in horizontal gyre advection reflects anomalous circulation acting on the mean temperature gradients. Maximum covariance analysis (MCA) reveals strong covariation between the anomalous horizontal gyre circulation and variations in the local wind stress curl, suggestive of a Sverdrup response. Results have implications for decadal predictability.
Seasonal fluctuations of ichthyoplankton assemblage in the northeastern South China Sea influenced by the Kuroshio intrusion
Authors: Huang Delian , Zhang Xia , Jiang Zhijian , Zhang Jingping , Arbi Iman , Jiang Xin , Huang Xiaoping , Zhang Wenjing 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe distribution and assemblage of ichthyoplankton related to local hydrographic features, especially intrusion of the Kuroshio Current (KC) and Guangdong Coastal Current (GCC) in the northeastern South China Sea (NESCS) were investigated in this study. A total of 193 species of ichthyoplankton belonging to 141 genera and 66 families were recognized in summer 2015 and late‐winter 2016. The ichthyoplankton assemblage was identified with distinct seasonal differences, and the differences were responded well with the oceanography conditions. In summer, the assemblages were identified into offshore and inshore groups, as controlled by the South China Sea Warm Current (SCSWC) in off‐shelf, upwelling, and the diluted water from the Pearl River in inshore. In winter, three groups were divided, representing the southwestern inshore, intrusion of the KC in the eastern offshore, and the GCC in the northern inshore area, respectively. Furthermore, Sigmops gracilis and Vinciguerria sp.3 were probably brought into the NESCS by intrusion of the KC from the eastern Luzon Strait. In addition, high ichthyoplankton abundance was found in high chlorophyll a located in upwelling areas in the northern coastal area in summer and in the southwestern Taiwan Bank in winter, respectively. The nutrition outcropped by the upwelling together, and those brought from the Pearl River probably supported high food availability of the ichthyoplankton in the northern coast of the NESCS.
The influence of variable slope‐water characteristics on dissolved oxygen levels in the northern California Current System
Authors: Durski Scott M. , Barth John A. , McWilliams James C. , Frenzel Hartmut , Deutsch Curtis 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObservations have suggested a trend of decreasing dissolved oxygen (DO) and increasing spiciness in summertime middepth slope waters and bottom shelf waters along the United States west coast over the past 50 years, but they have also demonstrated a large amount of interannual and decadal variability. Shelf bottom water and slope water properties can be influenced by both local and remote effects, including changes in circulation or changes in the characteristics of the source waters supplying the region. A regional‐scale, coupled physical biogeochemical model has been developed to simulate seasonal‐to‐decadal scale variability along the US west coast to discern the physical dynamics behind these spatial and temporal patterns. A simulation run from 1981 to 2006 with forcing that incorporates the larger scale interannual trends reproduces the development of low DO late in the upwelling season, the considerable interannual variability and the reported tendency toward a shoaling, more spicy, and oxygen‐depleted, northern California Undercurrent (CU). Whereas the trend in spiciness in the model results from increased influence of equatorial relative to subarctic source waters, the decreases in DO are found to additionally be a consequence of local biogeochemical processes. In order to better understand the interannual variability, years of the simulation were classified into four groups based on intensity of upwelling forcing and undercurrent strength. Slope water characteristics, shelf‐slope exchange, and slope‐basin exchange were compared across the four cases. Years with both strong upwelling and a strong undercurrent generated the most negative anomalies in slope‐water DO late in the upwelling season.
Distributed randomized model structure selection for NARX models
Authors: Avellina M. , Brankovic A. , Piroddi L. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryModel structure selection (MSS) is a critical problem in the nonlinear identification field. In the framework of polynomial nonlinear autoregressive [moving average] models with exogenous input variables, it is formulated as the combinatorial problem of finding the subset of regressors that yields optimal model accuracy. Increasing the set of potential model terms improves the flexibility of the model but results in a computational overload and may even jeopardize the ability of the MSS algorithm to find the optimal model. In this work, a distributed optimization scheme is developed to tackle the MSS task for large‐sized candidate regressor sets. The regressor set is split among a group of independent processors, and each of them executes an MSS routine on its local subset. Then, the processors exchange information regarding the selected models, and the corresponding regressors are distributed among all the units for a new MSS round. The procedure is repeated until convergence of all processors to the same solution. Besides a drastic reduction in the computational time, thanks to the inherent parallelizability of the algorithm execution, the proposed distributed optimization scheme can also be beneficial in terms of model accuracy, due to a more efficient exploration of the search space.
Near‐Infrared Triggered Release of uPA from Nanospheres for Localized Hyperthermia‐Enhanced Thrombolysis
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Wei Chaochao , Liu Mengke , Yang Ting , Zhou Weimin , Liu Ying , Hong Kui , Wang Shuhua , Xin Hongbo , Ding Xingwei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCurrently, most thrombolytic agents are limited by short circulation time and excessive dose needed for clinical therapy, which increases lethal risk for intracranial hemorrhage. Here, a near‐infrared‐triggered, controlled‐release system, using gold@mesoporous silica core–shell nanospheres (Au@MSNs) with phase‐changed material 1‐tetradecanol, is formulated to release urokinase plasminogen activators (uPA) on demand. The prepared system presents a sensitive system for releasing uPA, owing to an elevated temperature created by Au@MSNs‐induced photothermal effect. For in vitro study, a 3D printed vein vasculature is designed and fabricated to simulate the thrombolysis of system in blood vessel. Murine tail thrombus model is also built to evaluate thrombolysis in vivo. Consequently, localized hyperthermia is validated to possess an effective enhancement for thrombolysis. Therefore, according to the results, the fabricated system demonstrates two aspects of potential superiority: controlled uPA release for reducing risk of side effects, and hyperthermia‐enhanced thrombolysis locally for decreasing drug dosage. Assisted with thermal thrombolysis, the present formulated system shows a high efficiency, on‐demand drug release, and thus a safer protocol for thrombolytic therapy, which fits the developing trends of precision medicine.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks Derived Nanotube of Nickel–Cobalt Bimetal Phosphides as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Yan Liting , Cao Lei , Dai Pengcheng , Gu Xin , Liu Dandan , Li Liangjun , Wang Ying , Zhao Xuebo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe design of highly efficient, stable, and noble‐metal‐free bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is critical but challenging. Herein, a facile and controllable synthesis strategy for nickel–cobalt bimetal phosphide nanotubes as highly efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting via low‐temperature phosphorization from a bimetallic metal‐organic framework (MOF‐74) precursor is reported. By optimizing the molar ratio of Co/Ni atoms in MOF‐74, a series of CoxNiyP catalysts are synthesized, and the obtained Co4Ni1P has a rare form of nanotubes that possess similar morphology to the MOF precursor and exhibit perfect dispersal of the active sites. The nanotubes show remarkable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic performance in an alkaline electrolyte, affording a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at overpotentials of 129 mV for HER and 245 mV for OER, respectively. An electrolyzer with Co4Ni1P nanotubes as both the cathode and anode catalyst in alkaline solutions achieves a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a voltage of 1.59 V, which is comparable to the integrated Pt/C and RuO2 counterparts and ranks among the best of the metal‐phosphide electrocatalysts reported to date.
Introduction of Nature's Complexity in Engineered Blood‐compatible Biomaterials
Authors: Ippel Bastiaan D. , Dankers Patricia Y. W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBiomaterials with excellent blood‐compatibility are needed for applications in vascular replacement therapies, such as vascular grafts, heart valves and stents, and in extracorporeal devices such as hemodialysis machines and blood‐storage bags. The modification of materials that are being used for blood‐contacting devices has advanced from passive surface modifications to the design of more complex, smart biomaterials that respond to relevant stimuli from blood to counteract coagulation. Logically, the main source of inspiration for the design of new biomaterials has been the endogenous endothelium. Endothelial regulation of hemostasis is complex and involves a delicate interplay of structural components and feedback mechanisms. Thus, challenges to develop new strategies for blood‐compatible biomaterials now lie in incorporating true feedback controlled mechanisms that can regulate blood compatibility in a dynamic way. Here, supramolecular material systems are highlighted as they provide a promising platform to introduce dynamic reciprocity, due to their inherent dynamic nature.