bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality and Associated Morbidities Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Older Medicare Statin Users
Authors: Khokhar Bilal , Simoni-Wastila Linda , Slejko Julia F. , Perfetto Eleanor , Zhan Min , Smith Gordon S. 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
To assess the relationship between posttraumatic brain injury statin use and (1) mortality and (2) the incidence of associated morbidities, including stroke, depression, and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias following injury.

Setting and Participants:
Nested cohort of all Medicare beneficiaries 65 years of age and older who survived a traumatic brain injury (TBI) hospitalization during 2006 through 2010. The final sample comprised 100 515 beneficiaries.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study of older Medicare beneficiaries. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained using discrete time analysis and generalized estimating equations.

Measures:
The exposure of interest included monthly atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin use. Outcomes of interest included mortality, stroke, depression, and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

Results:
Statin use of any kind was associated with decreased mortality following TBI hospitalization discharge. Any statin use was also associated with a decrease in any stroke (RR, 0.86; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.81-0.91), depression (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79-0.90), and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.73-0.81).

Conclusion:
These findings provide valuable information for clinicians treating older adults with TBI as clinicians can consider, when appropriate, atorvastatin and simvastatin to older adults with TBI in order to decrease mortality and associated morbidities.
A Latent Content Analysis of Barriers and Supports to Healthcare: Perspectives From Caregivers of Service Members and Veterans With Military-Related Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Carlozzi Noelle E. , Lange Rael T. , French Louis M. , Sander Angelle M. , Freedman Jenna , Brickell Tracey A. 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
To identify barriers and supports that caregivers of individuals with military-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) encounter when navigating the military healthcare system; this information will be used as the foundation of a new patient-reported outcome measure.

Setting:
Community.

Participants:
Forty-five caregivers of service members and veterans (SMV) who sustained a medically documented mild, moderate, severe, or penetrating TBI.

Design:
Latent content analysis.

Main Measures:
Nine focus group discussions of barriers and supports to navigating the military healthcare system and community resources.

Results:
Latent content analysis indicated that caregivers discussed barriers (66%) and supports (34%) to obtaining care within the military healthcare system and the community. Caregivers most frequently discussed SMVs' interactions with healthcare, their own interactions with healthcare, family care, and community organizations.

Conclusions:
Caregivers confront numerous challenges while pursuing healthcare services. Although much of the discussion focused on barriers and perceived unmet needs within the military healthcare system, caregivers also recognized supports within the military healthcare system and general community. Increased attention to accessibility and quality of services, as well as reducing financial burden, can lead to improved health-related quality of life for caregivers and their SMVs.
Fatigue Is Associated With Global and Regional Thalamic Morphometry in Veterans With a History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Clark Alexandra L. , Sorg Scott F. , Holiday Kelsey , Bigler Erin D. , Bangen Katherine J. , Evangelista Nicole D. , Bondi Mark W. , Schiehser Dawn M. , Delano-Wood Lisa 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
Fatigue is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon that commonly occurs following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The thalamus—a structure vulnerable to both primary and secondary injuries in TBI—is thought to play a pivotal role in the manifestation of fatigue. We explored how neuroimaging markers of local and global thalamic morphometry relate to the subjective experience of fatigue post-TBI.

Methods:
Sixty-three Veterans with a history of mild TBI underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and completed questionnaires related to fatigue and psychiatric symptoms. FMRIB's Software (FSL) was utilized to obtain whole brain and thalamic volume estimates, as well as to perform regional thalamic morphometry analyses.

Results:
Independent of age, sex, intracranial volume, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depressive symptoms, greater levels of self-reported fatigue were significantly associated with decreased right (P = .026) and left (P = .046) thalamic volumes. Regional morphometry analyses revealed that fatigue was significantly associated with reductions in the anterior and dorsomedial aspects of the right thalamic body (P < .05). Similar trends were observed for the left thalamic body (P < .10).

Conclusions:
Both global and regional thalamic morphometric changes are associated with the subjective experience of fatigue in Veterans with a history of mild TBI. These findings support a theory in which disruption of thalamocorticostriatal circuitry may result in the manifestation of fatigue in individuals with a history of neurotrauma.
Diffusion Imaging Findings in US Service Members With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Bolzenius Jacob D. , Velez Carmen S. , Lewis Jeffrey D. , Bigler Erin D. , Wade Benjamin S. C. , Cooper Douglas B. , Kennedy Jan E. , Reid Matthew W. , Ritter John L. , York Gerald E. , Tate David F. 
Published: January 2018

Objective:Use diffusion tensor imaging to investigate white matter microstructure attributable to mild TBI (mTBI) and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Participants:Twenty-seven individuals with mTBI only, 16 with PTSD only, 42 with mTBI + PTSD, and 43 service members who sustained orthopedic injury.Design:Descriptive cross-sectional study.Main Measures:Clinical diffusion tensor imaging sequence to assess fractional anisotropy, mean, axial, and radial diffusivity within selected regions of interest.Results:Corrected analyses revealed a pattern of lower white matter integrity in the PTSD group for several scalar metrics. Regions affected included primarily right hemisphere areas of the internal capsule. These differences associated with the PTSD only cohort were observed in relation to all 3 comparison groups, while the mTBI + PTSD group did not exhibit any notable pattern of white matter abnormalities.Conclusion:Results suggest that lower resolution scan sequences are sensitive to post–acute abnormalities associated with PTSD, particularly in the right hemisphere. In addition, these findings suggest that ongoing PTSD symptoms are associated with differences in white matter diffusion that are more readily detected in a clinical scan sequence than mTBI abnormalities. Future studies are needed to prospectively assess service members prior to onset of injury to verify this pattern of results.
Predicting the Trajectory of Participation After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Erler Kimberly S. , Whiteneck Gale G. , Juengst Shannon B. , Locascio Joseph J. , Bogner Jennifer A. , Kaminski Jamie , Giacino Joseph T. 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
To identify factors that predict trajectories of participation over the first 5 years after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting:
TBI Model System Programs.

Participants:
Community-dwelling individuals with TBI, 16 years of age or older (n = 1947).

Design:
Secondary analysis of a prospective, nonrandomly sampled, longitudinal data registry.

Main Measures:
Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools—Objective (PART-O).

Results:
Age at injury and FIM Motor score predicted trajectory of participation over the first 5 years after moderate to severe TBI. Older age predicted generally worse participation overall as well as progressively worsening participation over time. Higher FIM Motor raised the predicted participation values, although it reduced the rate of improvement in participation scores over time. FIM Cognitive scores, race, depression, years of education, and living setting did not predict trajectory but did significantly influence participation consistently at all time points.

Conclusion:
The trajectories of participation over the first 5 years after TBI can be predicted by age at injury and FIM Motor scores. These findings may enhance the ability of rehabilitation professionals to identify individuals at risk for poor participation after TBI and develop targeted interventions for optimizing involvement in life activities.
Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Responses to Standardized Stressors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Boylan Jennifer Morozink , Cundiff Jenny M. , Matthews Karen A. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective
Disparities in cardiovascular health by socioeconomic status (SES) are a pressing public health concern. Hypothesized mechanisms linking low SES to poor health are large cardiovascular responses to and delayed recovery from psychological stress. The current study presents a meta-analysis of the literature on the association of SES with blood pressure and heart rate reactivity to and recovery from acute stress tasks.

Methods
The PubMed database was searched, and 26 unique studies with relevant data were identified (k = 25 reactivity [n = 14,617], k = 6 recovery [n = 1,324]).

Results
Using random-effects models, no significant association between SES and cardiovascular reactivity to stress emerged (r = .008, 95% confidence interval = −.02 to .04), although higher SES was associated with better recovery from stress (r = −.14, 95% confidence interval −.23 to −.05). Stressor type moderated the reactivity effect, wherein higher SES was associated with greater reactivity to cognitive stressors (r = .036, p = .024), not with reactivity to interpersonal stressors (r = −.02, p = .62), but was associated with lower reactivity to tasks with combinations of cognitive, interpersonal, and physical challenges (r = −.12, p = .029). Accounting for publication bias revealed a significant association between SES and reactivity in the opposite direction of hypotheses.

Conclusions
Cardiovascular recovery from acute stress, but not reactivity to stress, may be a key pathway between low SES and risk for cardiovascular diseases. Heterogeneity in effect size and direction, challenges related to working across temporal dynamics, and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Facial Fractures
Authors: Ghosh Rajarshi , Gopalkrishnan Kulandaswamy 
Published: January 2018

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyze the incidence of facial fractures along with age, gender predilection, etiology, commonest site, associated dental injuries, and any complications of patients operated in Craniofacial Unit of SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of OMFS, SDM College of Dental Sciences, Dharwad from January 2003 to December 2013. Data were recorded for the cause of injury, age and gender distribution, frequency and type of injury, localization and frequency of soft tissue injuries, dentoalveolar trauma, facial bone fractures, complications, concomitant injuries, and different treatment protocols.
All the data were analyzed using statistical analysis that is chi-squared test.

Results:
A total of 1146 patients reported at our unit with facial fractures during these 10 years. Males accounted for a higher frequency of facial fractures (88.8%). Mandible was the commonest bone to be fractured among all the facial bones (71.2%). Maxillary central incisors were the most common teeth to be injured (33.8%) and avulsion was the most common type of injury (44.6%). Commonest postoperative complication was plate infection (11%) leading to plate removal. Other injuries associated with facial fractures were rib fractures, head injuries, upper and lower limb fractures, etc., among these rib fractures were seen most frequently (21.6%).

Conclusion:
This study was performed to compare the different etiologic factors leading to diverse facial fracture patterns. By statistical analysis of this record the authors come to know about the relationship of facial fractures with gender, age, associated comorbidities, etc.
Endoscopic Anatomic Study Via Grinding Partial Petrous Ridge to the Middle Fossa in Retromastoid Keyhole Approach
Authors: Tang Can , Pang Lujun , Zhang Hengzhu , Yan Zhengcun , Wang Xiaodong , Dong Lun , She Lei , Wang Xingdong , Wei Min 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
This study aimed to observe the range of exposure, indications, and feasibility of the retromastoid keyhole approach via grinding partial petrous ridge to the middle fossa.

Methods:
Simulated endoscopic surgeries via grinding suprameatal tubercle and petrous ridge to expose the middle fossa in retromastoid keyhole approach were performed on 8 adult cadaver heads (16 sides) fixed by formalin. The maximum exposure range in endoscope was observed. The boundaries of Parkinson triangle and the anatomic structures contained by Meckel cave and cavernous sinus (CS) lateral wall were revealed. The distances from midpoint of sigmoid sinus posterior border to every important anatomic structures in the middle fossa and the length of all sides of Parkinson triangle were measured.

Results:
By using endoscope, the exposure of the cerebellopontine angle, ventrolateral brainstem, incisure of tentorium, petroclival region, and CS lateral wall were satisfactory. Many important anatomic structures in middle fossa were exposed well. The distances from midpoint of posterior border of sigmoid sinus to suprameatal tubercle, trigeminal semilunar ganglion, posterior curve segment of internal carotid artery were 34.42 ± 2.14, 54.52 ± 2.87, and 65.15 ± 3.13 mm. The lengths of all sides of Parkinson triangle were 18.97 ± 2.93, 16.23 ± 2.02, and 8.04 ± 2.34 mm.

Conclusion:
The retromastoid keyhole approach via grinding partial petrous ridge to the middle fossa by using endoscope can increase the exposure of middle fossa effectively, which is proper for most lesions in posterior cranial fossa while some parts extend to middle fossa.
Status Quo in Pediatric and Neonatal Simulation in Four Central European Regions: The DACHS Survey
Authors: Wagner Michael , Heimberg Ellen , Mileder Lukas P. , Staffler Alex , Paulun Annika , Löllgen Ruth M. 
Published: January 2018

Introduction
Simulation has acquired wide acceptance as an important component of education in health care and as a key tool to increase patient safety. This study aimed at identifying to what extent and how pediatric and neonatal simulation-based training (SBT) was being carried out in four Central European regions.

Methods
We surveyed all pediatric and neonatal health care institutions in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and South Tyrol on their current state of SBT using an online questionnaire.

Results
We dispatched 440 questionnaires with a 45.9% response rate. Sixty-one percent (61.4%) of institutions performed SBT (algorithm training, 87.4%; skill training, 62.2%; high-fidelity SBT, 56.8%). Training was conducted interprofessionally at 88.9% of surveyed institutions. Physicians and nurses most often received SBT once per year. Lack of financial (62.2%) and personnel (54.1%) resources were the most frequent impediments to establish SBT.

Conclusions
Although delivered heterogeneously, widespread use of pediatric simulation and a considerable number of already existing SBT programs are the key findings of this survey. These data are encouraging enough to promote more effective networking in simulation-based research, education, training, and quality improvement, as we aim to ultimately increase patient safety for neonates, infants, and children.
Preserved functional connectivity in the default mode and salience networks is associated with youthful memory in superaging
Authors: Zhang Jiahe , Andreano Joseph , Dickerson Bradford C. , Touroutoglou Alexandra , Barrett Lisa Feldman 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT“Superagers” are older adults who, despite their advanced age, maintain youthful memory. Previous morphometry studies revealed multiple default mode network (DMN) and salience network (SN) regions whose cortical thickness is preserved in superagers and correlates with memory performance. In this study, we examined the intrinsic functional connectivity within DMN and SN in 41 young (24.5 ± 3.6 years old) and 40 elderly adults (66.9 ± 5.5 years old). As in prior studies, superaging was defined as youthful performance on a memory recall task, the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). Participants underwent a resting state fMRI scan and performed a separate visual-verbal recognition memory task. As predicted, within both DMN and SN, superagers had stronger connectivity compared to typical older adults and similar connectivity compared to young adults. Superagers also performed similarly to young adults and better than typical older adults on the recognition task, demonstrating youthful episodic memory that generalized across memory tasks. Stronger connectivity within each network independently predicted better performance on both the CVLT and recognition task in older adults. Variation in intrinsic connectivity explained unique variance in memory performance, above and beyond preserved neuroanatomy. A post-hoc analysis revealed that DMN and SN nodes were more strongly inversely correlated in superagers than in typical older adults but were similarly correlated in superagers and young adults. Stronger between-network inverse correlations also predicted better memory performance in the entire sample of older adults. These results extend our understanding of the neural basis of superaging as a model of successful aging.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMemory capacity generally declines with age, but a unique group of older adults – ‘superagers’ – have memory capacities rivaling those of younger adults, as well as preserved neuroanatomy in an ensemble of regions contained in two core intrinsic brain networks – the default mode and salience networks. In this study, we assessed the strength of intrinsic connectivity within these networks in superagers and typical older adults compared to young adults. We also expanded the behavioral assessment of memory. As predicted, superagers have intrinsic connectivity within the default mode and salience networks that is stronger than typical older adults and similar to that of young adults. Within older adults, preserved intrinsic connectivity within each network was uniquely associated with better memory performance.
Genome-wide identification of CDC34 that stabilizes EGFR and promotes lung carcinogenesis
Authors: Zhao Xin-Chun , Wang Gui-Zhen , Zhou Yong-Chun , Ma Liang , Liu Jie , Zhang Chen , Zhang Da-Lin , Gao San-Hui , Qu Li-Wei , Zhang Bin , Wang Chang-Li , Huang Yun-Chao , Chen Liang , Zhou Guang-Biao 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTo systematically identify ubiquitin pathway genes that are critical to lung carcinogenesis, we used a genome-wide silencing method in this study to knockdown 696 genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We identified 31 candidates that were required for cell proliferation in two NSCLC lines, among which the E2 ubiquitin conjugase CDC34 represented the most significant one. CDC34 was elevated in tumor tissues in 67 of 102 (65.7%) NSCLCs, and smokers had higher CDC34 than nonsmokers. The expression of CDC34 was inversely associated with overall survival of the patients. Forced expression of CDC34 promoted, whereas knockdown of CDC34 inhibited lung cancerin vitroandin vivo. CDC34 bound EGFR and competed with E3 ligase c-Cbl to inhibit the polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation of EGFR. In EGFR-L858R and EGFR-T790M/Del(exon 19)-driven lung cancer in mice, knockdown of CDC34 by lentivirus mediated transfection of short hairpin RNA significantly inhibited tumor formation. These results demonstrate that an E2 enzyme is capable of competing with E3 ligase to inhibit ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of oncoprotein substrate, and CDC34 represents an attractive therapeutic target for NSCLCs with or without drug-resistant EGFR mutations.
In addition to being a marker for muscle connective tissue,Odd skipped-related 2 (OSR2)is expressed in differentiated muscle cells during chick development
Authors: Nassari Sonya , Orgeur Mickael , Blavet Cédrine , Stricker Sigmar , Fournier-Thibault Claire , Duprez Delphine 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe zinc finger transcription factor, Odd skipped-related 2 (OSR2) is a recognized marker of connective tissue in chick embryos. OSR2 gain- and loss-of-function experiments indicate a role in irregular connective tissue differentiation in chick limb undifferentiated cells. Re-investigation ofOSR2transcript location during chick development with in situ hybridization experiments showed thatOSR2was also expressed in differentiated muscle cells in limbs and head.OSR2expression was also observed in differentiated myotubes in chick foetal myoblast cultures. This shows that in addition to being a marker of connective tissue,OSR2is also expressed in muscle fibres during chick development.
Architecture of a multi-cellular polygenic network governing immune homeostasis
Authors: Dubovik Tania , Starosvetsky Elina , LeRoy Benjamin , Normand Rachelly , Admon Yasmin , Alpert Ayelet , Ofran Yishai , G’Sell Max , Shen-Orr Shai S. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryComplex physiological functionality is often the outcome of multiple interacting cell-types, yet mechanistically how a large number of trait-associated genes yield a single multi-cellular network governing the phenotype has not been well defined. Individuals’ immune-cellular profiles at homeostasis show high heritability and inter-individual variation with functional and clinical implications. We profiled immune cellular variation by mass-cytometry in 55 genetically diverse mouse strains. We identify 788 genes associated with cellular homeostasis, supporting a polygenic model where 52% of genes correspond to core homeostatic functions whose genetic variants suffice to predict phenotype. Trait genes form a multi-cellular network architecture showing increased functional complexity over evolutionary timescales for shared regulation to all cells, specialized cell-specific programs, and between-cell synchronization. Contrasting to human studies suggests the regulatory network expands with environmental exposure history. Our findings shed light on the origin of immune-cellular variation and regulatory architectures that may generalize to other environmentally sensitive systems.