bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disclosure of Personalized Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk Using Genetics, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle Factors to Motivate Health Behavior Improvements: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sparks Jeffrey A. , Iversen Maura D. , Yu Zhi , Triedman Nellie A. , Prado Maria G. , Miller Kroouze Rachel , Kalia Sarah S. , Atkinson Michael L. , Mody Elinor A. , Helfgott Simon M. , Todd Derrick J. , Dellaripa Paul F. , Bermas Bonnie L. , Costenbader Karen H. , Deane Kevin D. , Lu Bing , Green Robert C. , Karlson Elizabeth W. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of disclosure of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk personalized with genetics, biomarkers, and lifestyle factors on health behavior intentions.MethodsWe performed a randomized controlled trial among first‐degree relatives without RA. Subjects assigned to the Personalized Risk Estimator for Rheumatoid Arthritis (PRE‐RA) group received the web‐based PRE‐RA tool for RA risk factor education and disclosure of personalized RA risk estimates, including genotype/autoantibody results and behaviors (n = 158). Subjects assigned to the comparison arm received standard RA education (n = 80). The primary outcome was readiness for change based on the trans‐theoretical model, using validated contemplation ladder scales. Increased motivation to improve RA risk–related behaviors (smoking, diet, exercise, or dental hygiene) was defined as an increase in any ladder score compared to baseline, assessed immediately, 6 weeks, and 6 months post‐intervention. Subjects reported behavior change at each visit. We performed intent‐to‐treat analyses using generalized estimating equations for the binary outcome.ResultsSubjects randomized to PRE‐RA were more likely to increase ladder scores over post‐intervention assessments (relative risk 1.23, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.01, 1.51) than those randomized to nonpersonalized education. At 6 months, 63.9% of PRE‐RA subjects and 50.0% of comparison subjects increased motivation to improve behaviors (age‐adjusted difference 15.8%; 95% CI 2.8%, 28.8%). Compared to nonpersonalized education, more PRE‐RA subjects increased fish intake (45.0% versus 22.1%; P = 0.005), brushed more frequently (40.7% versus 22.9%; P = 0.01), flossed more frequently (55.7% versus 34.8%; P = 0.004), and quit smoking (62.5% versus 0.0% among 11 smokers; P = 0.18).ConclusionDisclosure of RA risk personalized with genotype/biomarker results and behaviors increased motivation to improve RA risk–related behaviors. Personalized medicine approaches may motivate health behavior improvements for those at risk for RA and provide rationale for larger studies evaluating effects of behavior changes on clinical outcomes, such as RA‐related autoantibody production or RA development.
Electronic‐Reconstruction‐Enhanced Tunneling Conductance at Terrace Edges of Ultrathin Oxide Films
Authors: Wang Lingfei , Kim Rokyeon , Kim Yoonkoo , Kim Choong H. , Hwang Sangwoon , Cho Myung Rae , Shin Yeong Jae , Das Saikat , Kim Jeong Rae , Kalinin Sergei V. , Kim Miyoung , Yang Sang Mo , Noh Tae Won 
Published: October 2017

AbstractQuantum mechanical tunneling of electrons across ultrathin insulating oxide barriers has been studied extensively for decades due to its great potential in electronic‐device applications. In the few‐nanometers‐thick epitaxial oxide films, atomic‐scale structural imperfections, such as the ubiquitously existed one‐unit‐cell‐high terrace edges, can dramatically affect the tunneling probability and device performance. However, the underlying physics has not been investigated adequately. Here, taking ultrathin BaTiO3 films as a model system, an intrinsic tunneling‐conductance enhancement is reported near the terrace edges. Scanning‐probe‐microscopy results demonstrate the existence of highly conductive regions (tens of nanometers wide) near the terrace edges. First‐principles calculations suggest that the terrace‐edge geometry can trigger an electronic reconstruction, which reduces the effective tunneling barrier width locally. Furthermore, such tunneling‐conductance enhancement can be discovered in other transition metal oxides and controlled by surface‐termination engineering. The controllable electronic reconstruction can facilitate the implementation of oxide electronic devices and discovery of exotic low‐dimensional quantum phases.
2D Organic Materials for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Yang Fangxu , Cheng Shanshan , Zhang Xiaotao , Ren Xiaochen , Li Rongjin , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe remarkable merits of 2D materials with atomically thin structures and optoelectronic attributes have inspired great interest in integrating 2D materials into electronics and optoelectronics. Moreover, as an emerging field in the 2D‐materials family, assembly of organic nanostructures into 2D forms offers the advantages of molecular diversity, intrinsic flexibility, ease of processing, light weight, and so on, providing an exciting prospect for optoelectronic applications. Herein, the applications of organic 2D materials for optoelectronic devices are a main focus. Material examples include 2D, organic, crystalline, small molecules, polymers, self‐assembly monolayers, and covalent organic frameworks. The protocols for 2D‐organic‐crystal‐fabrication and ‐patterning techniques are briefly discussed, then applications in optoelectronic devices are introduced in detail. Overall, an introduction to what is known and suggestions for the potential of many exciting developments are presented.
3D Porous Hydrogel/Conducting Polymer Heterogeneous Membranes with Electro‐/pH‐Modulated Ionic Rectification
Authors: Bao Bin , Hao Junran , Bian Xiujie , Zhu Xuanbo , Xiao Kai , Liao Jingwen , Zhou Jiajia , Zhou Yahong , Jiang Lei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHeterogeneous membranes composed of asymmetric structures or compositions have enormous potential in sensors, molecular sieves, and energy devices due to their unique ion transport properties such as ionic current rectification and ion selectivity. So far, heterogeneous membranes with 1D nanopores have been extensively studied. However, asymmetric structures with 3D micro‐/nanoscale pore networks have never been investigated. Here, a simple and versatile approach to low‐costly fabricate hydrogel/conducting polymer asymmetric heterogeneous membranes with electro‐/pH‐responsive 3D micro‐/nanoscale ion channels is introduced. Due to the asymmetric heterojunctions between positively charged nanoporous polypyrrole (PPy) and negatively charged microscale porous hydrogel poly (acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) (P(AAm‐co‐AA)), the membrane can rectify ion transmembrane transport in response to both electro‐ and pH‐stimuli. Numerical simulations based on coupled Poisson and Nernst–Plank equations are carried out to explain the ionic rectification mechanisms for the membranes. The membranes are not dependent on elaborately fabricated 1D ion channel substrates and hence can be facilely prepared in a low‐cost and large‐area way. The hybridization of hydrogel and conducting polymer offers a novel strategy for constructing low‐cost, large‐area and multifunctional membranes, expanding the tunable ionic rectification properties into macroscopic membranes with micro‐/nanoscale pores, which would stimulate practical applications of the membranes.
Bioinspired Dynamic Wetting on Multiple Fibers
Authors: Wang Pengwei , Bian Ruixin , Meng Qing'an , Liu Huan , Jiang Lei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNatural fibers have versatile strategies for interacting with water media and better adapting to the local environment, and these strategies offer inspiration for the development of artificial functional fibers with diverse applications. Wetting on fibers is a dynamic liquid‐moving process on/in fibrous systems with various patterns, and the process is normally driven by the structural gradient, chemical gradient, elasticity of a single fiber, or the synergistic effect of these factors in multiple fibers in an integrated system in which the spatial geometry of the fibers is involved. Compared with the directional liquid movement on a single fiber, wetting on multiple fibers in both the micro‐ and macroscales is particularly fascinating, with various performances, including directional liquid transport, controllable liquid transfer, efficient liquid encapsulation, and capillary‐induced fibrous coalescence. Based on these properties, fibrous materials offer an alternative open system for liquid manipulation that is applicable to various functional liquid materials. Here, recent achievements in bioinspired dynamic wetting on multiple fibers are highlighted, and perspectives on future directions are presented.
4D Biofabrication Using Shape‐Morphing Hydrogels
Authors: Kirillova Alina , Maxson Ridge , Stoychev Georgi , Gomillion Cheryl T. , Ionov Leonid 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDespite the tremendous potential of bioprinting techniques toward the fabrication of highly complex biological structures and the flourishing progress in 3D bioprinting, the most critical challenge of the current approaches is the printing of hollow tubular structures. In this work, an advanced 4D biofabrication approach, based on printing of shape‐morphing biopolymer hydrogels, is developed for the fabrication of hollow self‐folding tubes with unprecedented control over their diameters and architectures at high resolution. The versatility of the approach is demonstrated by employing two different biopolymers (alginate and hyaluronic acid) and mouse bone marrow stromal cells. Harnessing the printing and postprinting parameters allows attaining average internal tube diameters as low as 20 µm, which is not yet achievable by other existing bioprinting/biofabrication approaches and is comparable to the diameters of the smallest blood vessels. The proposed 4D biofabrication process does not pose any negative effect on the viability of the printed cells, and the self‐folded hydrogel‐based tubes support cell survival for at least 7 d without any decrease in cell viability. Consequently, the presented 4D biofabrication strategy allows the production of dynamically reconfigurable architectures with tunable functionality and responsiveness, governed by the selection of suitable materials and cells.
Hollow Co3O4 Nanosphere Embedded in Carbon Arrays for Stable and Flexible Solid‐State Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Guan Cao , Sumboja Afriyanti , Wu Haijun , Ren Weina , Liu Ximeng , Zhang Hong , Liu Zhaolin , Cheng Chuanwei , Pennycook Stephen J. , Wang John 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHighly active and durable air cathodes to catalyze both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are urgently required for rechargeable metal–air batteries. In this work, an efficient bifunctional oxygen catalyst comprising hollow Co3O4 nanospheres embedded in nitrogen‐doped carbon nanowall arrays on flexible carbon cloth (NC‐Co3O4/CC) is reported. The hierarchical structure is facilely derived from a metal–organic framework precursor. A carbon onion coating constrains the Kirkendall effect to promote the conversion of the Co nanoparticles into irregular hollow oxide nanospheres with a fine scale nanograin structure, which enables promising catalytic properties toward both OER and ORR. The integrated NC‐Co3O4/CC can be used as an additive‐free air cathode for flexible all‐solid‐state zinc–air batteries, which present high open circuit potential (1.44 V), high capacity (387.2 mAh g−1, based on the total mass of Zn and catalysts), excellent cycling stability and mechanical flexibility, significantly outperforming Pt‐ and Ir‐based zinc–air batteries.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Iron‐Promoted Thiocarboxylation of Styrenes and Acrylates with CO2
Authors: Ye Jian‐Heng , Miao Meng , Huang He , Yan Si‐Shun , Yin Zhu‐Bao , Zhou Wen‐Jun , Yu Da‐Gang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe first thiocarboxylation of styrenes and acrylates with CO2 was realized by using visible light as a driving force and catalytic iron salts as promoters. A variety of important β‐thioacids were obtained in high yields. This multicomponent reaction proceeds in an atom‐ and redox‐economical manner with broad substrate scope under mild reaction conditions. Notably, high regio‐, chemo‐, and diasteroselectivity are observed. Mechanistic studies indicate that a radical pathway can account for the unusual regioselectivity.
Liganden‐ und lösungsmittelkontrollierte regio‐ und chemodivergente Carbonylierungen
Authors: Peng Jin‐Bao , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDie Entwicklung hochselektiver Vorschriften ist eines der Kernziele der organischen Chemie. Unter den bekannten organischen Transformationen sind Carbonylierungen eine ideale Wahl für die Herstellung von Verbindungen mit Carbonylgruppen. In diesem Aufsatz werden die jüngsten Erfolge bei der Kontrolle der Selektivität von Carbonylierungsreaktionen zusammengefasst. Der Einfluss der Liganden, Lösungsmittel und Basen auf die Selektivität wird erläutert.
Unprecedented Sensitivity in a Probe for Monitoring Cathepsin B: Chemiluminescence Microscopy Cell‐Imaging of a Natively Expressed Enzyme
Authors: Roth‐Konforti Michal E. , Bauer Christoph R. , Shabat Doron 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUntil recently, chemiluminescence cell images could only be obtained using luciferase‐activated probes. Moreover, chemiluminescence microscopy cell‐imaging has not been demonstrated for natively expressed enzymes like cathepsin B. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and evaluation of the first chemiluminescence probe for the detection and imaging of cathepsin B. The probe activation mechanism relies on the release of a dioxetane intermediate, which undergoes chemiexcitation to emit green light with high efficiency under physiological conditions. Using the probe, we obtained clear images of cancerous leukemia and colon cells. This is the first demonstration of chemiluminescence cell images obtained by a probe for a natively expressed endogenous enzyme. We anticipate that the concept presented in this study will be broadly used to develop analogous probes for other important proteases relevant to biomolecular processes.
Development and Assessment of Fully Automated and Globally Transitive Geometric Morphometric Methods, With Application to a Biological Comparative Dataset With High Interspecific Variation
Authors: Gao Tingran , Yapuncich Gabriel S. , Daubechies Ingrid , Mukherjee Sayan , Boyer Doug M. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAutomated geometric morphometric methods are promising tools for shape analysis in comparative biology, improving researchers’ abilities to quantify variation extensively (by permitting more specimens to be analyzed) and intensively (by characterizing shapes with greater fidelity). Although use of these methods has increased, published automated methods have some notable limitations: pairwise correspondences are frequently inaccurate and pairwise mappings are not globally consistent (i.e., they lack transitivity across the full sample). Here, we reassess the accuracy of published automated methods—cPDist (Boyer et al. Proc Nat Acad Sci 108 () 18221–18226) and auto3Dgm (Boyer et al.: Anat Rec 298 () 249–276)—and evaluate several modifications to these methods. We show that a substantial percentage of alignments and pairwise maps between specimens of dissimilar geometries were inaccurate in the study of Boyer et al. (Proc Nat Acad Sci 108 () 18221–18226), despite a taxonomically partitioned variance structure of continuous Procrustes distances. We show these inaccuracies are remedied using a globally informed methodology within a collection of shapes, rather than relying on pairwise comparisons (c.f. Boyer et al.: Anat Rec 298 () 249–276). Unfortunately, while global information generally enhances maps between dissimilar objects, it can degrade the quality of correspondences between similar objects due to the accumulation of numerical error. We explore a number of approaches to mitigate this degradation, quantify their performance, and compare the generated pairwise maps (and the shape space characterized by these maps) to a “ground truth” obtained from landmarks manually collected by geometric morphometricians. Novel methods both improve the quality of the pairwise correspondences relative to cPDist and achieve a taxonomic distinctiveness comparable to auto3Dgm. Anat Rec, 301:636–658, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population-based study of factors predicting treatment intention in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer
Authors: Westberg K , Palmer G , Hjern F , Nordenvall C , Johansson H , Holm T , Martling A 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
Local recurrence of rectal cancer (LRRC) is associated with poor survival unless curative treatment is performed. The aim of this study was to investigate predictive factors for treatment with curative intent in patients with LRRC.

Methods
Population-based data for patients treated for primary rectal cancer between 1995 and 2002, and with LRRC reported as first event were collected from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry and medical records. The associations between patient-, primary tumour- and LRRC-related factors and intention of the treatment for LRRC were determined. The impact of the identified predictive factors on prognosis after treatment with curative intent was also assessed.

Results
A total of 426 patients were included in the study, of whom 149 (35·0 per cent) received treatment with curative intent. Factors significantly associated with treatment of the LRRC with palliative intent were primary surgery with abdominoperineal resection (odds ratio (OR) 5·16, 95 per cent c.i. 2·97 to 8·97), age at diagnosis of LRRC at least 80 years (OR 4·82, 2·37 to 9·80), symptoms at diagnosis (OR 2·79, 1·56 to 5·01) and non-central location of the LRRC (OR 1·79, 1·15 to 2·79). The overall 5-year survival rate was 8·9 per cent for all patients and 23·1 per cent among those treated with curative intent. In patients treated with curative intent, factors associated with increased risk of death were age 80 years or more (hazard ratio (HR) 2·44, 95 per cent c.i. 1·55 to 3·86), presence of symptoms (HR 1·92, 1·20 to 3·05), non-central tumour location (HR 1·51, 1·01 to 2·26) and presence of hydronephrosis (HR 2·02, 1·18 to 3·44).

Conclusion
Non-central location of the LRRC, presence of symptoms and age at least 80 years at diagnosis of the LRRC were associated with treatment with palliative intent.
Stereoselective Sulfinyl Aniline‐Promoted Pd‐Catalyzed C−H Arylation and Acetoxylation of Aliphatic Amides
Authors: Jerhaoui Soufyan , Djukic Jean‐Pierre , Wencel‐Delord Joanna , Colobert Françoise 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStereoselective functionalization of aliphatic C−H bonds presents a great challenge. Following this target, we disclose herein an original strategy towards direct arylation of aliphatic chains at ß‐methylene position based on a use of amide‐sulfoxide bicoordinating directing group. Although moderate to high chiral induction (up to 9:1 d.r.) is achieved, diastereomerically pure compounds may be afforded by simple separation of diastereomeric products by silica gel chromatography. Accordingly, this reaction allows preparation of a large scope of high‐value scaffolds in synthetically useful yields while recyclable character of our chiral auxiliary brings an additional benefit. A potential of this methodology to build up original molecules by sequential diarylation and expedient (two step) synthesis of a biologically active compound are further disclosed. Finally a first example of stereoselective direct acetoxylation of aliphatic chains is reported.
Reactivity of 3‐Oxo‐β‐lactams with Respect to Primary Amines—An Experimental and Computational Approach
Authors: Piens Nicola , Goossens Hannelore , Hertsen Dietmar , Deketelaere Sari , Crul Lieselotte , Demeurisse Lotte , De Moor Jelle , Van den Broeck Elias , Mollet Karen , Van Hecke Kristof , Van Speybroeck Veronique , D'hooghe Matthias 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe reactivity of 3‐oxo‐β‐lactams with respect to primary amines was investigated in depth. Depending on the specific azetidin‐2‐one C4 substituent, this reaction was shown to selectively produce 3‐imino‐β‐lactams (through dehydration), α‐aminoamides (through CO elimination), or ethanediamides (through an unprecedented C3−C4 ring opening). In addition to the experimental results, the mechanisms and factors governing these peculiar transformations were also examined and elucidated by means of DFT calculations.
Iridium promoted Ni‐Co/Al2O3‐ZrO2 catalyst for dry reforming of methane
Authors: Fakeeha Anis Hamza , Ibrahim Ahmed Aidid , Arafat Yasir , Atia Hanan , Abasaeed Ahmed Elhag , Al‐Fatesh Ahmed Sadeq 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCO2 reforming of methane to produce synthesis gas was examined in a fixed bed reactor, using a combined nickel‐cobalt based catalyst supported on a mixed oxide (modified alumina with ZrO2) obtained by the sol‐gel method. The loading of nickel and cobalt was kept at 0.0500 g/g (1:1), while the amount of Ir varied between 0.0000 to 0.0100 g/g. The reforming reactions were performed at 700 °C. The time on stream profile for 360 min showed that all catalysts were very active and stable. The promoter doping of 0.0250 g/gCo‐0.0250 g/gNi‐X g/g Ir/(Al2O3‐ZrO2) catalysts augmented the activity regarding the CH4 and CO2 by 20 %. The catalysts were characterized by means of TGA, TPR, TPD, XRD, and SEM. The TGA and TPR results showed that the promoter depressed the carbon deposition and upgraded the reducibility of the active metals in that order. While the TPD analysis illustrated the basic sites of the catalyst are of medium strength.
Improved knowledge of and difficulties in palliative care among physicians during 2008 and 2015 in Japan: Association with a nationwide palliative care education program
Authors: Nakazawa Yoko , Yamamoto Ryo , Kato Masashi , Miyashita Mitsunori , Kizawa Yoshiyuki , Morita Tatsuya 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUNDPalliative care education for health care professionals is a key element in improving access to quality palliative care. The Palliative Care Emphasis Program on Symptom Management and Assessment for Continuous Medical Education (PEACE) was designed to provide educational opportunities for all physicians in Japan. As of 2015, 57,764 physicians had completed it. The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of the program.METHODSThis study was an analysis of 2 nationwide observational studies from 2008 and 2015. We conducted 2 questionnaire surveys for representative samples of physicians. The measurements used were the Palliative Care Knowledge Test (range, 0‐100) and the Palliative Care Difficulties Scale (range, 1‐4). Comparisons were made with the unpaired Student t test and with a multivariate linear regression model using 2 cohorts and a propensity score–matched sample.RESULTSThis study analyzed a total of 48,487 physicians in 2008 and a total of 2720 physicians in 2015. Between 2008 and 2015, physicians' knowledge and difficulties significantly improved on the Palliative Care Knowledge Test with total scores of 68 and 78, respectively (P < .001; effect size, 0.40) and on the Palliative Care Difficulties Scale with total scores of 2.65 and 2.49, respectively (P < .001; effect size, 0.29). Propensity‐score matching resulted in 619 untrained physicians matched to 619 trained physicians, and physicians who trained with the PEACE program had a higher knowledge score (74 vs 86; P < .001; effect size, 0.64) and a lower difficulties score (2.6 vs 2.3; P < .001; effect size, 0.42).CONCLUSIONSPhysicians' knowledge of and difficulties with palliative care improved on a national level. The PEACE program may have contributed to these improvements. Cancer 2018;124:626‐35. © 2017 American Cancer Society.