bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canada's Re-emerging Division of Powers and the Unrealized Force of Reciprocal Interjurisdictional Immunity
Authors: Newman Dwight 
Published: June 2017

In recent decades, up to the middle of the first decade of the twenty-first century, Canadian division-of-powers jurisprudence seems to have been in a period of quiescence, with modern doctrine imposing few constraints on the federal government's implementation of national programs. In this paper, the author argues that adopting provincial interjurisdictional immunity as the Supreme Court of Canada clearly chose to do in the Canadian Western Bank case and other cases, must imply further changes to recent federalism doctrine, potentially including the reaffirmation of spheres of genuine provincial exclusivity or even provincial paramountcy.
Revisit the Senate as it was meant to be — The Upper House was created to protect provincial interests in the federal legislative process
Authors: Pouliot Vincent 
Published: June 2017

The scandal provoked by the expense claims of individual senators has obscured a deepermalaise surrounding the Senate — one that dates back to Confederation. This malaise has to do with the reasons why the Fathers of Confederation established a Senate in the first place, and with their failure to follow through with a selection procedure that would have made it possible for the Senate to perform its intended function.
Trinity Western Law School: "To Be or Not to Be -- That Is the Question"
Authors: Donlevy JK 
Published: June 2017

This paper consists of three parts. Part 1 provides the facts, which have brought the Trinity law school issue into the public arena. Part 2 presents in brief the legal issues involved, focusing on how the Nova Scotia and Ontario courts have attempted to adjudicate the conflict. Part 3 looks at the ostensible incommensurability of the conflict between positive and negative liberty in this case and ends with the suggestion that, on balance, the argument weighs in favour of Canadian law societies approving the accreditation of Trinity’s law school.
Judicialization or Renunciation? Judges in Today’s Landscape of Anti-Terrorism Laws
Authors: Hoole Grant R. , Ananian-Welsh Rebecca 
Published: June 2017

Judges in constitutional democracies face common dilemmas navigating today’s landscape of anti-terrorism laws. Whether it is with respect to the oversight of investigative detentions or approval of control orders, security certifi cates, and other offi cial powers calculated to investigate and prevent terrorism and related activities, the judicial role has expanded into fi elds where the appropriate balancing of security concerns with individual liberties is exceedingly complex. The need for such balancing is, of course, one of the central justifications for judicial involvement: the judiciary is relied upon to bring characteristicindependence and integrity to the review of official powers, ensuring compliance betweenthe latter and the higher law of the Constitution. There is nevertheless an unsettling implication that sometimes attends judicial service in these fields — namely, it is not always clear whether the judicial role is truly one of constitutional enforcement and oversight, or one that allows administrative actors to borrow the integrity of the courts in furtherance of constitutionally-suspect ends.
Distant Echoes: Discussing Judicial Activism at Canadian and American Supreme Court Nomination Hearings
Authors: Fitzgerald Oliver 
Published: June 2017

This paper begins by tracing Canadians’ concerns about judicial activism. Part II surveys how academics, commentators, and others have reacted to perceived overreaches by Canada’s highest court over time. By evaluating the comments made by Justices Marshall Rothstein, Michael Moldaver, Andromache Karakatsanis, and Richard Wagner at their nominee hearings, Part III shows the paucity of official public discussion on the topic. Changing countries, Part IV explains how judicial activism has been canvassed recently in American Supreme Court nomination hearings; this part assesses how the topic has been addressed during and since Chief Justice John Roberts’s confirmation hearing in 2005. Part V analyzes Justice Nadon’s comments and demonstrates how they depart from Canadian precedent and towards a deeper, more American focus on the topic’s vagaries. Part VI concludes with some thoughts on what Nadon’s comments may portend should televised ad hoc committee hearings for Supreme Court nominees be restarted.
Comparing Canadian and Colombian Approaches to the Duty to Consult Indigenous Communities on International Treaties
Authors: Newman Dwight , Pineda Wendy Elizabeth Ortega 
Published: June 2017

In recent years, the development in Canada of a constitutional duty to consult Indigenous communities has had ramifications on government decision-making that are widespread, far-reaching, and potentially expansive. The modern duty to consult doctrine developed in a series of cases in 2004-2005, ensuring that governments have a duty to consult proactively with Aboriginal communities whose Aboriginal or treaty rights may be adversely impacted by a particular administrative decision, even in the face of uncertainty about the scope of asserted rights in the absence of a final settlement or court decision. Case law development on the duty later established that the duty is also triggered in the context of an early, strategic decision that may determine later administrative decisions. Some have put forth the argument that the duty may be triggered prior to the adoption of legislation; adjudication on that issue is currently making its way forwardthrough the courts. The Hupacasath First Nation case, recently decided at the Federal Court of Appeal, raised another question, that of whether or not consultation was owed to Aboriginal communities in the context of international treaty negotiations. Although the federal government has actually engaged in such consultation in some instances so as to avoid infringing Aboriginal and treaty rights, the case raised the complex question of whether it is constitutionally required to do so in order to comply with the duty to consult doctrine. On the particular facts of the case, the issue concerned the Canada-China foreign investment treaty, which the Hupacasath First Nation argued was apt to lead to later infringements on Aboriginal rights. Both the Federal Court and the Federal Court of Appeal rejected these arguments. Their rejection has broader implications, but we shall argue that it leaves open the possibility that the negotiation of some internationaltreaties may trigger the constitutional duty to consult, thus opening a complex nexus between constitutional and international law.
L’empathie rationnelle : vers un nouveau paradigme traductionnel
Authors: Collombat Isabelle 
Published: June 2017

This article sets out to show that translation, far from being a mere impersonation, is an activity involving a complex form of rational empathy. In order to do their work to the best of their abilities, translators must adopt an empathetic attitude not only toward the author of the source text, but also toward the text and the future reader whose knowledge skills he needs to consider in the same way the original author did.
Our text situates the translation process in a functionalist perspective and subordinates it to the preliminary establishment of a translation postulate (“postulat traductif”) in accordance with which the translator lays down a translation strategy based on the type of text, the origin of the text, for whom the text is intended as well the function of the text. At this stage, the translator seeks to achieve maximum objectivity based on rational empathy.
As a rule, empathy in translation is associated with literary translation, in keeping with a lyrical view of the latter and with an inordinate focusing on the author. We will try to show that the empathy factor is a constant, whether the text be literary or pragmatic, and that rational empathy is an indispensable tool for all translators since few of them are in a position to both choose their texts and hope to feel a spontaneous emotional empathy with their author or text.
Lastly, we will see that a broad general culture, including both a knowledge of the source language and culture, combined with an acute awareness of one’s own culture, is an essential basis for rational empathy, and conditions the intercultural and communication skills of the translator. Seen from this angle, the translator must master the various linguistic codes, namely language levels and diatopic variations, which he must use in order to best fulfil his role as a translator according to the most efficient translation postulate.
Multiple im/person/aliz/ations: Four Attempts to 'get under the skin' of Poets
Authors: Priestly Tom 
Published: June 2017

I have been actively translating for about twenty years. Looking back, I now realize that it made translation easier when I tried to ‘become’ the original writer: I was more successful when I asked myself, “what would they have written if they had had my knowledge of English?” and, for poetry, when faced with the clash between the demands of form and content, “which way would they bend?’
Rather than attempt any theorizing, I propose to relate my efforts to get under the skin of a number of poets, for example: one, surviving the siege of Leningrad; another, pioneering multiple poetic genres in early 19th-century Central Europe; a third who (successfully? I am not sure) aimed to capture the horror of a Nazi atrocity in Vienna; a fourth who became the most popular author of Slovene poetry for children by temporarily shedding his own adulthood. Also, I will add my recent attempts to capture, in Slovene, the style of children in war-torn Northern Uganda who are writing to the sponsors who are paying their school fees in a charming but not always clear fractured English (which they are just learning): is it possible, is it expedient to pretend to be such a child in order to transfer their thoughts into Slovene?
It certainly helps to have been a teacher. Teachers are, I believe, better teachers if they can act the roles of others, and translators can perhaps be better translators if they can ‘become’ other people. Anyway, it makes for a more interesting life.
Multicenter Registry Analysis of Center Characteristics Associated with Technique Failure in Patients on Incident Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Htay Htay , Cho Yeoungjee , Pascoe Elaine M. , Darssan Darsy , Nadeau-Fredette Annie-Claire , Hawley Carmel , Clayton Philip A. , Borlace Monique , Badve Sunil V. , Sud Kamal , Boudville Neil , McDonald Stephen P. , Johnson David W. 
Published: June 2017

Background and objectives
Technique failure is a major limitation of peritoneal dialysis. Our study aimed to identify center- and patient-level predictors of peritoneal dialysis technique failure.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
All patients on incident peritoneal dialysis in Australia from 2004 to 2014 were included in the study using data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry. Center- and patient-level characteristics associated with technique failure were evaluated using Cox shared frailty models. Death-censored technique failure and cause-specific technique failure were analyzed as secondary outcomes.

Results
The study included 9362 patients from 51 centers in Australia. The technique failure rate was 0.35 (95% confidence interval, 0.34 to 0.36) episodes per patient-year, with a sevenfold variation across centers that was mainly associated with center-level characteristics. Technique failure was significantly less likely in centers with larger proportions of patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (>29%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.73 to 0.94) and more likely in smaller centers (<16 new patients per year; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.21) and centers with lower proportions of patients achieving target baseline serum phosphate levels (<40%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.29). Similar results were observed for death-censored technique failure, except that center target phosphate achievement was not significantly associated. Technique failure due to infection, social reasons, mechanical causes, or death was variably associated with center size, proportion of patients on peritoneal dialysis, and/or target phosphate achievement, automated peritoneal dialysis exposure, icodextrin use, and antifungal use. The variation of hazards of technique failure across centers was reduced by 28% after adjusting for patient-specific factors and an additional 53% after adding center-specific factors.

Conclusions
Technique failure varies widely across centers in Australia. A significant proportion of this variation is related to potentially modifiable center characteristics, including peritoneal dialysis center size, proportion of patients on peritoneal dialysis, and proportion of patients on peritoneal dialysis achieving target phosphate level.
Nimistöntutkijan uusi kirja
Authors: Hämäläinen Lasse , Raunamaa Jaakko , Syrjälä Väinö 
Published: June 2017

Arvioitu teos:
Carole Hough (toim.): The Oxford handbook of names and naming. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2016. 771 s. isbn 978-0-19-965643-1.
Suunvuoro
Authors: Lappalainen Hanna 
Published: June 2017

Suomen juhlavuosi näkyy kaikkialla eikä syyttä. Se oli luontevasti nostettu myös touko­kuussa pidettyjen Kielitieteen päivien teemaksi. Vaikka joka ikinen esitys ei teemaan suoraan liittynytkään, suuressa osassa työpajoista ja yksittäisistä esitelmistä luotiin katseita kielentutkimuksen historiaan tai tulevaisuuteen – osassa molempiin. Tarkastelun kohteena olivat esimerkiksi nimistöntutkimus, Suomen kielitilanteessa tapahtuneet muutokset, diskurssintutkimus, kielitaidon arviointi sekä variaationtutkimuksen kirjo. Tarjolla oli sekä tuokiokuvia tietystä historian vaiheesta, kuten kielitieteen popularisoinnista 1900-luvun alkupuolella, että historian pitkistä kaarista, joita valotettiin esimerkiksi plenaariesitelmissä. Erika Sandmanin esitelmä muistutti sitä, miten paljon velkaa nykyinen kenttälingvistiikka on jo yli sata vuotta sitten Siperiassa matkanneille suomalaisille fennougristeille. Heikki Paunonen puolestaan havainnollisti sadassa vuodessa tapahtuneita kielenkäytön muutoksia vertailemalla Helsingin puhekieltä vuosina 1917 ja 2017.
Tässä numerossa lähdetään liikkeelle historian hämäristä – paljon kauempaa kuin sadan vuoden takaa. Harri Mantila ja Matti Leiviskä tarjoavat fennistiikkaa ja arkeologiaa yhdistävässä artikkelissaan uudenlaisen selityksen eteläpohjalaismurteiden omalaatuisille piirteille. Historia on mukana myös Krista Ojutkankaan artikkelissa, jossa kirjoittaja tarkastelee sitä, millaisissa konstruktioissa mukana ja mukaan esiintyvät ja miten niiden käyttötavat ovat muuttuneet. Salla Kurhila ja Niina Lilja puolestaan tarkastelevat nykykieltä ja pureutuvat yhteen korjausaloitetyyppiin, toistoon. Artikkeli on luontevaa jatkoa viime vuonna Virittäjässä ilmestyneelle tutkimukselle, jossa tarkastellaan kootusti erilaisia arkikeskustelujen korjausaloitteita (ks. Haakana, Kurhila, Lilja & Savijärvi Virittäjä 2/2016).
Artikkelien lisäksi lehdestä löytyy esittely alkusanakielestä, Kotikielen Seuran viime vuoden kuulumiset, kirja-arvioita ja väitöslektioita. Julkaisemme jälleen myös Virittäjän viimevuotisen kirjoituskilpailun satoa: Suvi Vierulan teksti kaa-partikkelin kieliopillistumisesta sijoittui siinä jaetulle ensimmäiselle sijalle. Toivottavasti havaintokirjoitus innostaa uutta opiskelijasukupolvea osallistumaan tämänvuotiseen kilpailuumme. Tarkempia ohjeita löytyy Virittäjän verkkosivuilta.
Virittäjän lukija on saattanut pohtia, juhlistaako lehti jollain erityisellä tavalla Suomen merkkivuotta. Varsinaiseen erikoisnumeroon ei kuitenkaan ole tarvetta, sillä jokainen Virittäjä on juhlanumero. Se, että kielitieteellistä tutkimusta tehdään suomesta ja sitä julkaistaan suomeksi, on yksi hienoimmista tavoista onnitella satavuotiasta Suomea. Siitä, että kyseessä on kaikkea muuta kuin itsestäänselvyys, antaa hyvän muistutuksen Miikul Pahomovin lyydin asemaa käsittelevä väitöslektio, joka julkaistaan verkkolehdessä.
Hanna Lappalainen
Một số yếu tố liên quan đến phục hình răng đã mất của người cao tuổi quận Cầu Giấy, Hà Nội
Authors: Dung Đào Thị , Tran Son Ngoc 
Published: June 2017

Sức khỏe răng miệng người già ngày càng được chú ý đặc biệt là tình trạng mất răng và phục hình răng đã mất. Việc phục hình răng mất cho người cao tuổi là một việc cực kỳ quan trọng, nó giúp cải thiện trực tiếp đến chất lượng sống của họ. Mục tiêu: Nhận xét đặc điểm một số yếu tố liên quan đến vấn đề phục hình răng đã mất của người cao tuổi ở quận Cầu Giấy, Hà Nội. Phương pháp nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, khám răng miệng cho 160 người cao tuổi, sau đó chọn 141 người mất răng trong số những người đã khám.
Kết quả: Trình độ học vấn càng cao thì tỷ lệ có phục hình răng mất càng cao. Những nghề lao động chân tay có thu nhập thấp tỷ lệ phục hình các răng đã mất thấp hơn những nghề lao động trí óc. Những nghề yêu cầu giao tiếp nhiều có tỷ lệ phục hình răng mất cao. Nơi làm phục hình: chủ yếu là phòng khám Răng hàm mặt tư nhân, tiếp theo là bệnh viện. Thời gian sử dụng răng giả càng lâu thì chất lượng phục hình, cảm nhận của bệnh nhân về thẩm mỹ và khả năng ăn nhai đều giảm.
“Susan Hill's Mrs de Winter and Sally Beauman'sRebecca's Tale: “re-visions” of Daphne du Maurier’sRebecca?”
Authors: Parey Armelle 
Published: June 2017

Abstract: This paper examines two types of transfictional texts that appear little challenging to the ending and, consequently, to the discourse of their source-texts. After attempting to define the workings and scopes of sequels and companion novels, we shall consider two instances provided by Daphne du Maurier'sRebecca’s rich afterlife since its publication and success in 1938: Susan Hill's Mrs de Winter (1993) and Sally Beauman'sRebecca's Tale (2001) that engage with Rebecca’s ending and discourse in different ways and with diverse results.Resumen: Este artículo examina dos tipos de textostransficcionales que parecendesafiar muy poco el final y, porconsiguiente, el discurso de sus fuentestextuales. Después de intentardefinir los mecanismos y el alcance de las novelas-secuela que continuaronestostextos, asícomootrasnovelascompañeras de los mismos, vamos a considerar dos ejemplosextraídos de la fértil vida posterior de Rebecca, de Daphne De Maurier, despuésdeléxito de su publicación en 1938: Mrs de Winter, de Susan Hill (1993) y Rebecca's Tale, de Sally Beauman (2001), que interactúan con el final y el discurso de Rebecca de manerasdiferentes y con resultadosdistintos.
Emotion in the Qur'an: An Overview
Authors: Bauer Karen 
Published: June 2017

In the Western academic study of the Qur'an, very little has been written about emotion. The studies that do acknowledge the power of emotion tend to concentrate on emotion as a response to the text's aesthetics. And yet emotion is a central part of the Qur'an: fostering the correct emotions is a part of pietistic practice, emotion helps to convince believers to act as they should, and emotional words and incidents bring unity to this synoptic text. This article has four parts. It begins by reviewing approaches that have been taken in History and Biblical studies, in order to clarify the nature of emotions. I argue that emotions are universal but that they have socially constructed elements and a social function. Also, control of emotions can be as revealing as emotional expression. Part Two describes the overall message of emotions in the Qur'an. Humans must cultivate God-fearingness, while God bestows mercy/compassion and love, or anger and displeasure. Believers are distinguished by their emotional sensitivity to God's word, and their ability to form an emotional attachment to God, and thus emotional control is a key pietistic practice. In Part Three, I propose a new method for analysing emotion within Qur'anic suras, which is to trace emotional plots. This method involves identifying the emotional journey undertaken or described in a passage of text. Part Four examines the resonance that is created by the use of specific emotion words in different suras.
Very Deep inside the SN 1987A Core Ejecta: Molecular Structures Seen in 3D
Authors: Abellán F. J. , Indebetouw R. , Marcaide J. M. , Gabler M. , Fransson C. , Spyromilio J. , Burrows D. N. , Chevalier R. , Cigan P. , Gaensler B. M. , Gomez H. L. , Janka H.-Th. , Kirshner R. , Larsson J. , Lundqvist P. , Matsuura M. , McCray R. , Ng C.-Y. , Park S. , Roche P. , Staveley-Smith L. , Loon J. Th. van , Wheeler J. C. , Woosley S. E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Most massive stars end their lives in core-collapse supernova explosions and enrich the interstellar medium with explosively nucleosynthesized elements. Following core collapse, the explosion is subject to instabilities as the shock propagates outward through the progenitor star. Observations of the composition and structure of the innermost regions of a core-collapse supernova provide a direct probe of the instabilities and nucleosynthetic products. SN 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud is one of very few supernovae for which the inner ejecta can be spatially resolved but are not yet strongly affected by interaction with the surroundings. Our observations of SN 1987A with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array are of the highest resolution to date and reveal the detailed morphology of cold molecular gas in the innermost regions of the remnant. The 3D distributions of carbon and silicon monoxide (CO and SiO) emission differ, but both have a central deficit, or torus-like distribution, possibly a result of radioactive heating during the first weeks (“nickel heating”). The size scales of the clumpy distribution are compared quantitatively to models, demonstrating how progenitor and explosion physics can be constrained.
The labyrinth as a symbol of life: A journey with God and chronic pain
Authors: Els Lishje 
Published: June 2017

This article is written in the style and method of an autoethnography that focuses on the author’s spiritual journey with God while living with chronic pain. The labyrinth is used as a metaphor and spiritual tool to describe this journey. The author’s personal experience with religion and spirituality is described as well as the choice of moving from thinking about God being ‘out there’, far away and looking upon God’s creation (supernatural theism) to discovering God within – God ‘right here’ (panentheism). The affects and effects of living with chronic pain are discussed in reference to the process of walking the circuits of a labyrinth. The role of different people who played a part in this journey is highlighted. This way of writing corresponds with a narrative way of living which concentrates on deconstruction of dominant discourses and looking for outcomes that may lead to hope and transformation. The difference between rainbow hope and reasonable hope is explained and the consequence of choosing reasonable hope is discussed. Transformation of the person through the journey becomes apparent in the article.