bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consensus Building for Long‐term Sustainability in the Non‐North American Context: Reflecting on a Stakeholder Process in Japan
Authors: Matsuura Masahiro , Baba Kenshi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPractitioners of consensus building are stepping into a relatively new arena of practice: sustainability issues in the non‐North American context. This article explores challenges in such settings, which we illustrate, with a case in Japan regarding the promotion of wood biomass usage through stakeholder dialogue in a small island community. Reflection from the experience reveals two challenges that are likely to occur in similar contexts: drawing the attention of stakeholders to the long‐term risks to sustainability and dealing with personal relationships in a high‐power‐distance culture. We find that in our case and more generally stakeholders’ problem recognition related to risk must be nurtured through learning opportunities and scenario exercises in the early stages of consensus building processes. The hierarchical nature of interpersonal communication in several Asian countries, where senior participants enjoy more power in negotiation, also requires careful design of processes, particularly when long‐term issues are at stake.
Unicorn Atheism
Authors: Sorensen Roy 
Published: July 2016

AbstractKripshe treats `god’ as an empty natural kind term such as `unicorn’. She applies Saul Kripke's fresh views about empty natural kinds to `god’. Metaphysically, says Kripshe, there are no possible worlds in which there are gods. Gods could not have existed, given that they do not actually exist and never did. Epistemologically, godlessness is an a posteriori discovery. Kripshe dismisses the gods in the same breath that she dismisses mermaids. Semantically, the perspective Kripshe finds most perspicacious, no counterfactual situation is properly describable as one in which there are gods. Perhaps it is not quite a necessary truth that there are no gods. According to Saul Kripke, failed natural kind terms are ill‐defined. Incorporating ill‐defined terms into declarative sentences yields only mock propositions. Just as the meteorologist has no professional interest in mock thunder, the logician has no professional interest in mock propositions. Kripshe disagrees with agnostics who assign a low probability to `There is at least one god’. The bearers of probabilities must be propositions. Despite this deference to science, Kripshe agrees with the a priori atheist that, necessarily, no future experience could constitute an encounter with a god. Divine revelation is impossible. Kripshe's a posteriori necessary atheism compares favorably to familiar forms of atheism and to non‐cognitivists. It reveals interesting challenges to a coherent formulation of atheism.
Evaluating appropriate red blood cell transfusions: a quality audit at 10 Ontario hospitals to determine the optimal measure for assessing appropriateness
Authors: Spradbrow Jordan , Cohen Robert , Lin Yulia , Armali Chantal , Collins Allison , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine , Lieberman Lani , Pavenski Katerina , Pendergrast Jacob , Webert Kathryn , Callum Jeannie 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDEvaluating the appropriateness of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requires labor‐intensive medical chart audits and expert adjudication. We sought to determine the appropriateness of RBC transfusions at 10 hospitals using retrospective chart review and to determine whether simple metrics (proportion of single‐unit transfusions, RBCs/100 acute inpatient days, proportion of transfusions with pretransfusion hemoglobin <80 g/L or posttransfusion hemoglobin <90 g/L) could be used as surrogate markers of appropriateness by comparing their values with the results from the audit.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSAn initial block of 30 RBC units was dually adjudicated for appropriateness followed by additional blocks of 10 units until the difference between the cumulative percentage of appropriate RBC units in the preceding block and final block was <3%. Pearson correlation tests were used to evaluate associations between the metrics and percentages of appropriate transfusions per hospital. Two‐by‐two tables were used to assess the utility of the metrics to classify transfusions for appropriateness.RESULTSOf the 498 units audited, 78% were adjudicated as appropriate (κ = 0.9603), with significant variability between institutions (p < 0.0001). Fifty audits or less were required at nine of the institutions. The values of the metrics were not found to have significant correlations with appropriateness, and the metric that misclassified the smallest proportion of transfusions for appropriateness was pretransfusion hemoglobin <80 g/L, at 24%.CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that a chart audit of 50 RBC transfusions with adjudication using robust criteria is the optimal means of evaluating RBC transfusion appropriateness at an institution for benchmarking and quality‐improvement initiatives.
FLOW AND ENERGY DISSIPATION OVER ON FLAT AND POOLED STEPPED SPILLWAY
Authors: Krisnayanti Denik Sri , Soehardjono Soehardjono , Dermawan Very , Sholichin Mohammad 
Published: July 2016

The stepped spillway has increasingly become effective energy dissipation. The stepped spillway has been accepted to be the most powerful hydraulic structure to dissipate large flow energy downstream from spillway crest. The steps act as roughness elements significantly increase the dissipation energy rate. The physical study has performed on flat and pooled stepped spillways with a slope spillway (θ = 45˚) and number of steps (N): 20 and 40. The experiments were conducted for ten Froude number (Fr) run ranging from 1.117 to 9.909 with 0.700<yc/h<3.00. The focus of research to investigate the relationship between relative energy losses in skimming flow performance against Froude number on various stepped. The effect of number of steps is evident when the relative energy loss increases with the number of steps. In addition, the relative energy loss of flow on pooled steps is dissipating more energy than flat steps.
VELOCITY CONTROL OF A UNICYCLE TYPE OF MOBILE ROBOT USING OPTIMAL PID CONTROLLER
Authors: A. Majid Norhayati , Mohamed Z. , Mohd Basri Mohd Ariffanan 
Published: July 2016

A unicycle model of control a mobile robot is a simplified modeling approach modified from the differential drive mobile robots. Instead of controlling the right speed, and the left speed, of the drive systems, the unicycle model is using and as the controller parameters. Tracking is much easier in this model. In this paper, the dynamic of the robot parameter is controlled using two blocks of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers. The gains of the PID are firstly determined using particle swarm optimization (PSO) in offline mode. After the optimal gain is determined, the tracking of the robot’s trajectory is performed online with optimal PID controller. The achieved results of the proposed scheme are compared with those of dynamic model optimized with genetic algorithm (GA) and manually tuned PID controller gains. In the algorithm, the control parameters are computed by minimizing the fitness function defined by using the integral absolute error (IAE) performance index. The simulation results obtained reveal advantages of the proposed PSO-PID dynamic controller for trajectory tracking of a unicycle type of mobile robot. A MATLAB-Simulink program is used to simulate the designed system and the results are graphically plotted. In addition, numerical simulations using 8-shape as a reference trajectory with several numbers of iterations are reported to show the validity of the proposed scheme.
A REVIEW ON AIR POLLUTANTS MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND ITS FUTURE ADVANCEMENT
Authors: Dahari Nur Azie , Wahid Herman , Md. Yunus Mohd Amri , Abdul Rahim Herlina , Sulaiman Mohammad Dzubhair 
Published: July 2016

Recently, the issues of air pollutants have become a major topic that is currently being debated among researchers and authority as it give negative impacts to the environment. This paper will discuss thoroughly on techniques that are currently being applied in monitoring air pollution. Techniques that are quite familiar in monitoring air pollution are such as the absorption spectroscopy technique, ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) and solid state gas sensor. Throughout this paper, the equipment used and the outcome from a number of methods will be reviewed. For future improvements, a new sensor for air monitoring will be proposed which is envisaged capable to detect ultrafine particles (UFPs) (i.e. with a diameter less than 100 nm).
HEAVY VEHICLES SPEED PROFILING ON URBAN EXPRESSWAY: THE CASE OF FEDERAL HIGHWAY
Authors: Hashim Wardati , Arshad Ahmad Kamil , Mustaffa Masria , Kamaluddin Noor Azreena 
Published: July 2016

The presence of heavy vehicles on expressways will have an impact on the traffic performance. The geometrical design of expressways with the purpose of providing a better performance towards vehicles especially passenger cars, is also a prudent facility to the heavy vehicles, especially when it comes to speed. Though national allowable speed for heavy vehicles has been set, the actual situation may differ according to the general observation. This study attempts to explore the speed distribution of heavy vehicles typical urban expressways in Malaysia with Federal Highway Shah Alam-Kuala Lumpur being the case study. Extensive data was collected through video recording before being abstracted and processed by utilizing the TRAIS software. Then, statistical analysis showing the speed distribution and profiling are presented. The results showed that in average heavy vehicles drive at speed of more than the allowable limit for the determined expressway section. The 85th percentile also indicates that thespecial speed limit of heavy vehicle on expressway is violated and therefore speeding enforcement would be appropriate instead of adjust in posted speed limit.
A REVIEW ON CRACK RELIEF LAYER IN AIRPORT RUNWAY
Authors: Ahmad Zaini Ashraf , A. Aziz Md Maniruzzaman , Kassim Khairul Anuar , Mustafa Khairul Hafiz 
Published: July 2016

This article reviews the behaviour and function of the crack relief layer (CRL) in a pavement. The significance and effectiveness of implementing CRL into pavement layers to prevent reflective cracking are also included. Over the years, crack in pavement has been a major problem that causes obstacle to transportation system which has cost multi-millions of dollars. This is especially true in airport runway business industry where the traffic flow of aircrafts cannot be easily diverted or disturbed as it involve many parties and would jeopardize public safety. The characteristic of the CRL will be thoroughly investigated to achieve it desirable functional capability to act as the crack relieving agent. CRL is a layer made out of hot mixed asphalt that to the strata of the pavement with thickness of 100 to 150mm on top of base layer and under surface course. The significant of this hot mixed asphalt layer is in its capability to reduce reflective cracks development by separating bound and unbound layer and acting as buffer zone between those layers. Thus the layer designed to be semi-unbound layer to efficiently in creating the buffer zone for the crack transfer from the bottom to the top of the pavement. The layer also acts as the reducer by allowing cracks to develop on the layer thus the crack generate on top of the pavement surface would decrease in the process.
AN OVERVIEW OF MOISTURE DAMAGE PERFORMANCE TESTS ON ASPHALT MIXTURES
Authors: Mohd Jakarni Fauzan , Rosli Muhammad Fudhail , Md Yusoff Nur Izzi , A Aziz Md Maniruzzaman , Muniandy Ratnasamy , Hassim Salihudin 
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a review of moisture damage performance tests on asphalt mixtures. The moisture damage remains to be a detriment to the durability of the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) pavement. Moisture damage can be defined in forms of adhesive failure between bitumen and aggregates and cohesive failure within bitumen. Aggregate mineralogy, bitumen characteristics and anti-stripping additive dominantly influence the performance of asphalt mixtures towards moisture damage alongside construction methods, climate and traffic loading. Various laboratory test methods have been developed to quantify the moisture damage performance of asphalt mixtures by resembles the action in the field, including qualitative test such as Boiling Water Test (ASTM D3625) and quantitative tests such as Modified Lottman Test (AASHTO T283). Both of these tests consist of two phases, which are conditioning and evaluation phase. This paper will review the effectiveness of the selected available tests based on various asphalt mixtures materials. Generally, this study indicates that asphalt mixtures consisted of limestone aggregates, modified bitumen and addition of anti-stripping additives will provide more resistant towards moisture damage.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF ANTI-STRIPPING ADDITIVES ON POROUS ASPHALT MIXTURES
Authors: Mohd Shukry Nurul Athma , Abdul Hassan Norhidayah , Hainin Mohd Rosli , Abdullah Mohd Ezree , Mohamed Abdullah Nor Asniza , Mahmud Mohd Zul Hanif , Putrajaya Ramadhansyah , Mashros Nordiana 
Published: July 2016

The open structure of porous asphalt mix influences its strength and durability against air, water and clogging materials. These factors cause loss of adhesion between binder-aggregate interface and loss of cohesion within the binder film. This could lead to stripping problem which contribute to premature failures as well as deterioration in the performance and service life of porous asphalt. Therefore, this study is aimed to evaluate the potential of diatomite as anti-stripping additives in porous asphalt and compared with hydrated lime and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) test and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy analysis (EDX) were conducted to investigate the microstructure and chemical composition of the anti-stripping additives. A number of gyratory compacted samples of porous asphalt mixture with Malaysian gradation were prepared. Each sample was incorporated with 2% of anti-stripping additives as filler then mixed with polymer modified bitumen of PG76. The samples were measured for air voids content, permeability rate, resilient modulus and abrasion loss. The results indicate that samples prepared with hydrated lime show higher permeability rate and lower abrasion loss compared to samples with OPC and diatomite. However, the samples prepared with diatomite show enhanced resilient modulus compared to those with hydrated lime and OPC.
Finite Element Modeling of Tire With Validation Using Tensile and Frequency Response Testing
Authors: Bastiaan Jennifer M. , Khajepour Amir 
Published: July 2016

A physical testing program is performed in support of finite element model creation for a 50-series passenger car tire. ABAQUS finite element analysis software is used along with its standard material models. Uniaxial tension testing of tire samples cut from the tread composite, tread rubber and sidewall composite is performed in order to obtain material properties. Hyper-elastic material coefficients for tread rubber are fit using uniaxial tension test data. Results show that the Arruda-Boyce hyper-elastic material model fits the test data well and it predicts reasonable overall behavior in uniaxial tension and uniaxial compression. Most other hyperelastic material models are found to predict unrealistic behavior in uniaxial compression for the tire samples, especially in the 0 to 20% compressive strain range.
Frequency response testing of two inflated passenger car tires of different sizes, makes and models is also performed to assist in defining the viscoelastic material model for tread rubber. Test results show that tire modal damping is in the 2 to 4% range for most modes below 200 Hz, and the response curves, modal density and modal damping are remarkably similar for the two tires tested. The tire finite element model with updated material properties is simulated for nine combinations of air inflation pressure and vertical load in order to calculate static loaded radius. The analysis results are compared with physical test results and the analysis results are found to deviate at most by 3% compared to the tests.
Control of Electric Vehicles Using a Model Predictive Controller With Closed Form Solution
Authors: Jalaliyazdi Milad , Khajepour Amir , Kasaiezadeh Alireza , Litkouhi Bakhtiar , Chen Shih-Ken 
Published: July 2016

In this paper, the problem of vehicle stability control using model predictive technique is addressed. The vehicle under consideration is an electric vehicle with an electric motor driving each wheel independently. For the purpose of stability control, it is required that the vehicle tracks a desired yaw rate at all times therefore, extending the linear range of the vehicle dynamics. The desired yaw rate is defined based on vehicle speed, steering wheel angle and road surface friction.
The vehicle stability control system considered in this paper consists of a high-level controller that compares the current states of the vehicle with its desired states to determine the required forces and moments at the center of mass, and a low-level controller to track those C.G. forces and moments by adjusting the motor torques on each wheel. It will be shown that a non-predictive low-level controller can have a closed form solution. In order to avoid saturation of the tires, the low-level controller has a penalty function that increases exponentially when the tire forces are close to the limits of saturation to reduce tire forces to keep them within the tires force capacity.
In this paper, a model predictive controller is designed as the low-level controller to predict the tire forces and the yaw moment at the C.G. to minimize the tracking error of desired C.G. forces and moments. To keep the tire forces within the tires capacity limit, a penalty function is used at each sample time to penalize control actions that result in excessive tire forces. This adds a level of anticipation to the low-level controller to detect in advance when tires are about to saturate and to choose control actions to prevent that from happening.
Since tire capacity limit is treated with an analytical penalty function, it is still possible to find a closed form solution for the model predictive low-level controller. The proposed controller is tested with simulations and the results are compared with a similar non-predictive controller.
Modification of Three Amino Acids in Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide Renders Mice Susceptible to Infection with Hepatitis D Virus
In Vivo
Authors: He Wenhui , Cao Zhiliang , Mao Fengfeng , Ren Bijie , Li Yunfei , Li Dan , Li Huiyu , Peng Bo , Yan Huan , Qi Yonghe , Sun Yinyan , Wang Fengchao , Sui Jianhua , Li Wenhui 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) was identified as a functional receptor for hepatitis D virus (HDV) and its helper hepatitis B virus (HBV). In cultured cell lines, HDV infection through mouse NTCP is restricted by residues 84 to 87 of the receptor. This study shows that mice with these three amino acids altered their corresponding human residues (H84R, T86K, and S87N) in endogenous mouse NTCP support
de novo
HDV infection
in vivo
. HDV infection was documented by the presence of replicative forms of HDV RNA and HDV proteins in liver cells at day 6 after viral inoculation. Monoclonal antibody specifically binding to the motif centered on K86 in NTCP partially inhibited HDV infection. These studies demonstrated specific interaction between the receptor and the viral envelopes
in vivo
and established a novel mouse model with minimal genetic manipulation for studying HDV infection. The model will also be useful for evaluating entry inhibitors against HDV and its helper HBV.

IMPORTANCE
NTCP was identified as a functional receptor for both HDV and HBV in cell cultures. We recently showed that neonatal C57BL/6 transgenic (Tg) mice exogenously expressing human NTCP (hNTCP-Tg) in liver support transient HDV infection. In this study, we introduced alterations of three amino acids in the endogenous NTCP of FVB mice through genome editing. The mice with the humanized NTCP residues (H84R, T86K, and S87N) are susceptible to HDV infection, and the infection can be established in both neonatal and adult mice with this editing. We also developed a monoclonal antibody specifically targeting the region of NTCP centered on lysine residue 86, and it can differentiate the modified mouse NTCP from that of the wild type and partially inhibited HDV infection. These studies shed new light on NTCP-mediated HDV infection
in vivo
, and the NTCP-modified mice provide a useful animal model for studying HDV infection and evaluating antivirals against the infection.
Patterns of weight change after the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in Scotland and their relationship with glycaemic control, mortality and cardiovascular outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Aucott Lorna S , Philip Sam , Avenell Alison , Afolabi Ebenezer , Sattar Naveed , Wild Sarah 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo determine weight change patterns in Scottish patients 2 years after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and to examine these in association with medium-term glycaemic, mortality and cardiovascular outcomes.SettingUsing a retrospective cohort design, ethical approval was obtained to link the Scottish diabetes care database to hospital admission and mortality records.Participants29 316 overweight/obese patients with incident diabetes diagnosed between 2002 and 2006 were identified with relevant information for ≥2 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWeight records over time provided intrapatient weight change and variation and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) gave measures of glycaemic control. These characteristics and demographic variables at diagnosis were linked with notifications of death (2–5 years after diagnosis) and cardiovascular events (0–5 year after diagnosis).ResultsBy 2 years, 36% of patients had lost ≥2.5% of their weight. Increasing age, being female and a higher body mass index at diagnosis were associated with larger proportions of weight lost (p<0.001). Multivariable modelling showed that inadequate glycaemic control at 2 years was associated with being younger at baseline, being male, having lower levels of obesity at diagnosis, gaining weight or being weight stable with weight change variability, and starting antidiabetic medication. While weight change itself was not related to mortality or cardiovascular outcomes, major weight variability was independently associated with poorer survival and increased cardiovascular outcome risks, as was deprivation.ConclusionsOur results suggest that weight loss or being weight stable with little weight variability early after diabetes diagnosis, are associated with better glycaemic control and we identified groups less able to lose weight. With respect to mortality and cardiovascular outcomes, although weight change at 2 years was a weak predictor, major weight variability appeared to be the more relevant factor.