bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum miR-375-3p increase in mice exposed to a high dose of ionizing radiation
Authors: Chiba Mitsuru , Monzen Satoru , Iwaya Chihiro , Kashiwagi Yuri , Yamada Sunao , Hosokawa Yoichiro , Mariya Yasushi , Nakamura Toshiya , Wojcik Andrzej 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExposure to high-doses of ionizing radiation (IR) leads to development of a strong acute radiation syndrome (ARS) in mammals. ARS manifests after a latency period and it is important to develop fast prognostic biomarkers for its early detection and assessment. Analysis of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes is the gold standard of biological dosimetry, but it fails after high doses of IR. Therefore, it is important to establish novel biomarkers of exposure that are fast and reliable also in the high dose range. Here, we investigated the applicability of miRNA levels in mouse serum. We found significantly increased levels of miR-375-3p following whole body exposure to 7 Gy of X-rays. In addition, we analyzed their levels in various organs of control mice and found them to be especially abundant in the pancreas and the intestine. Following a dose of 7 Gy, extensive cell death occurred in these tissues and this correlated negatively with the levels of miR-375-3p in the organs. We conclude that high expressing tissues of miR-375-3p may secrete this miRNA in serum following exposure to 7 Gy. Therefore, elevated miR-375-3p in serum may be a predictor of tissue damage induced by exposure to a high radiation dose.
GSK3β modulates NF-κB activation and RelB degradation through site-specific phosphorylation of BCL10
Authors: Abd-Ellah Ali , Voogdt Cornelia , Krappmann Daniel , Möller Peter , Marienfeld Ralf B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase involved in the regulation of various cellular functions, such as energy homoeostasis, cell growth and developmental processes. More recently, GSK3β has been identified as a part of a protein complex involved in the regulation of the CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 complex (CBM complex) formation, which is a key signalling event upon antigen receptor engagement of B and T cells, required for the activation of the NF-κB and JNK pathways. However, conflicting reports have been published regarding the role of GSK3β for the activation of the NF-κB signalling pathways. Therefore, we aimed to determine the impact of GSK3β on the NF-κB signalling induced upon T cell activation. Blocking GSK3β by either pharmacologic inhibitors (SB216763 and SB415286) or by RNAi caused a reduced proteolysis of the MALT1 targets CYLD1, BCL10 and RelB as well as diminished IκBα degradation, NF-κB DNA binding and NF-κB activity. This negative effect on NF-κB appears to be due to a diminished CBM complex formation caused by a reduced BCL10 phosphorylation. Taken together, we provide here evidence for a novel regulatory mechanism by which GSK3β affects NF-κB signalling in activated T cells.
A gigantic marine ostracod (Crustacea: Myodocopa) trapped in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber
Authors: Xing Lida , Sames Benjamin , McKellar Ryan C. , Xi Dangpeng , Bai Ming , Wan Xiaoqiao 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (~99 Ma, Myanmar), widely known for exquisite preservation of theropods, also yields microfossils, which can provide important contextual information on paleoenvironment and amber formation. We report the first Cretaceous ostracod in amber—the gigantic (12.9 mm) right valve of an exclusively marine group (Myodocopa: Myodocopida) preserved in Burmese amber. Ostracods are usually small (0.5–2 mm), with well-calcified carapaces that provide an excellent fossil record extending to at least the Ordovician (~485 million years ago), but they are rarely encountered in amber. The new specimen effectively doubles the age of the ostracod amber record, offering the first representative of the Myodocopa, a weakly calcified group with a poor fossil record. Its carapace morphology is atypical and likely plesiomorphic. The preserved valve appears to be either a moulted exuvium or a dead and disarticulated specimen, and subsequent resin flows contain forest floor inclusions with terrestrial arthropods, i.e., fragmentary remains of spiders, and insect frass. These features resolve an enigmatic taphonomic pathway, and support a marginal marine setting for resin production.
China CO2 emission accounts 1997–2015
Authors: Shan Yuli , Guan Dabo , Zheng Heran , Ou Jiamin , Li Yuan , Meng Jing , Mi Zhifu , Liu Zhu , Zhang Qiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChina is the world’s top energy consumer and CO2 emitter, accounting for 30% of global emissions. Compiling an accurate accounting of China’s CO2 emissions is the first step in implementing reduction policies. However, no annual, officially published emissions data exist for China. The current emissions estimated by academic institutes and scholars exhibit great discrepancies. The gap between the different emissions estimates is approximately equal to the total emissions of the Russian Federation (the 4th highest emitter globally) in 2011. In this study, we constructed the time-series of CO2 emission inventories for China and its 30 provinces. We followed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emissions accounting method with a territorial administrative scope. The inventories include energy-related emissions (17 fossil fuels in 47 sectors) and process-related emissions (cement production). The first version of our dataset presents emission inventories from 1997 to 2015. We will update the dataset annually. The uniformly formatted emission inventories provide data support for further emission-related research as well as emissions reduction policy-making in China.
The reconstruction of 2,631 draft metagenome-assembled genomes from the global oceans
Authors: Tully Benjamin J. , Graham Elaina D. , Heidelberg John F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMicroorganisms play a crucial role in mediating global biogeochemical cycles in the marine environment. By reconstructing the genomes of environmental organisms through metagenomics, researchers are able to study the metabolic potential of Bacteria and Archaea that are resistant to isolation in the laboratory. Utilizing the large metagenomic dataset generated from 234 samples collected during the Tara Oceans circumnavigation expedition, we were able to assemble 102 billion paired-end reads into 562 million contigs, which in turn were co-assembled and consolidated in to 7.2 million contigs ≥2 kb in length. Approximately 1 million of these contigs were binned to reconstruct draft genomes. In total, 2,631 draft genomes with an estimated completion of ≥50% were generated (1,491 draft genomes >70% complete; 603 genomes >90% complete). A majority of the draft genomes were manually assigned phylogeny based on sets of concatenated phylogenetic marker genes and/or 16S rRNA gene sequences. The draft genomes are now publically available for the research community at-large.
Case examples of an evaluation of the human relevance of the pyrethroids/pyrethrins-induced liver tumours in rodents based on the mode of action
Authors: Yamada Tomoya 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRodent carcinogenicity studies are useful for screening for human carcinogens but they are not perfect. Some modes of action (MOAs) lead to cancers in both experimental rodents and humans, but others that lead to cancers in rodents do not do so in humans. Therefore, analysing the MOAs by which chemicals produce tumours in rodents and determining the relevance of such tumour data for human risk are critical. Recently, experimental data were obtained as case examples of an evaluation of the human relevance of pyrethroid (metofluthrin and momfluorothrin)- and pyrethrins-induced liver tumours in rats based on MOA. The MOA analysis, based on the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) framework, concluded that experimental data strongly support that the postulated MOA for metofluthrin-, momfluorothrin- and pyrethrins-produced rat hepatocellular tumours is mediated by constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activation. Since metofluthrin and momfluorothrin are close structural analogues, reproducible outcomes for both chemicals provide confidence in the MOA findings. Furthermore, cultured human hepatocyte studies and humanized chimeric mouse liver studies demonstrated species difference between human hepatocytes (refractory to the mitogenic effects of these compounds) and rat hepatocytes (sensitive to their mitogenic effects). These data strongly support the hypothesis that the CAR-mediated MOA for liver tumorigenesis is of low carcinogenic risk for humans. In this research, in addition to cultured human hepatocyte studies, the usefulness of the humanized chimeric liver mouse models was clearly demonstrated. These data substantially influenced decisions in regulatory toxicology. In this review I comprehensively discuss the human relevance of the CAR-mediated MOA for rodent liver tumorigenesis based on published information, including our recent molecular research on CAR-mediated MOA.
When an Unexpected Diagnosis Occurs: a Vaginal Premenopausal Sarcoma
Authors: Marcos-Figueiredo Pedro , Moreira Diana de Sousa da Costa , Morim Manuel Gonçalves , Pereira Júlia Leite , Salgado Lurdes Silva 
Published: January 2018

AbstractVaginal cancer is a rare entity. The evidence on its management resides mostly in clinical cases or small case series. Of the histological types, the most frequent is the squamous cell carcinoma, followed by adenocarcinoma. But what to do when identifying an even more infrequent sarcoma in a premenopausal woman? In this study, we describe the case of a 53-year-old woman presenting with metrorrhagia for two months, who was evaluated after an intense episode. A necrotic and ulcerative vaginal swelling was documented and then submitted to biopsy, which revealed a vaginal sarcoma. The patient was referred to radiation therapy with 50 Gy (aiming to control the symptoms and to cause tumor reduction for posterior pelvic exenteration with intraoperative radiotherapy) and developed an extra-pelvic metastization at the end of the treatment, which caused a fast negative outcome. Despite the initial poor prognosis, a chemo-irradiation or primary surgery regimen might have achieved (although with greater side effects) a better survival. This case-report entails a discussion about the strategies to manage vaginal sarcoma in advanced stage and in premenopausal women.
Endocrinological Abnormalities and Growth Impairment in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children
Authors: John B. , Gupta Rakesh , Pandey Abhishek 
Published: January 2018

Background Pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an important emerging disease and many children are surviving into adulthood with effective antiretroviral therapy. Growth dysregulation is common in these children and endocrine abnormalities are likely to be a possible comorbidity. There is a paucity of data on these endocrinological abnormalities in this population. Against this background, a study to evaluate the endocrinological profile in HIV-infected children and its relationship with growth failure was performed.
Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in children less than 18 years attending the pediatric HIV clinic at a tertiary care hospital in central India. Blood samples for T3, T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cortisol, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) were collected during routine visit, preserved at –70°C, and subsequently assayed. Statistical analysis for the data with respect to the endocrinological abnormalities and growth failure was performed.
Results A total of 100 children were included in the study. The prevalence of growth failure was high. Nineteen percent children had height less than − 3 standard deviation (SD) and 59% children had height less than 2SD. The prevalence of endocrinological abnormalities was also high. Fifty-four percent children had low T3 levels, 12% had low T4 levels, 4% had high TSH levels, 44% had low cortisol levels, and 25% had low DHEA. Fifty-eight percent children had low GH levels, while IGFBP3 levels were low in the entire cohort. There was a statistically significant association between growth failure and levels of T3 and GH.
Conclusion Our results show a high prevalence of growth failure and endocrinological abnormalities in HIV-infected children. A significant association between growth failure and endocrine abnormalities was found for T3 and GH.
Can Neonatal Brain MRI be Performed during Active Cooling?
Authors: Rajderkar Dhanashree , Copenhaver Nicole , Boykin Kristine , Weiss Michael , Pacella Marisa 
Published: January 2018

Objective Due to logistical constraints, physicians traditionally delay diagnostic imaging for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) until the neonate has completed all 72 hours of therapeutic hypothermia and rewarming. In some cases, neonates may require neuroimaging before 72 hours has passed.
Study Design We present a case in which an MRI was acquired during active hypothermia.
Results Upon return to the NICU, Baby X's temperature probe read 33.6 degrees, indicating that hypothermia was likely maintained at the target temperature.
Conclusion Active hypothermia is possible during MRI.
Expert-led didactic versus self-directed audiovisual training of confocal laser endomicroscopy in evaluation of mucosal barrier defects
Authors: Huynh Roy , Ip Matthew , Chang Jeff , Haifer Craig , Leong Rupert 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) allows mucosal barrier defects along the intestinal epithelium to be visualized in vivo during endoscopy. Training in CLE interpretation can be achieved didactically or through self-directed learning. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of expert-led didactic with self-directed audiovisual teaching for training inexperienced analysts on how to recognize mucosal barrier defects on endoscope-based CLE (eCLE).
Materials and methods This randomized controlled study involved trainee analysts who were taught how to recognize mucosal barrier defects on eCLE either didactically or through an audiovisual clip. After being trained, they evaluated 6 sets of 30 images. Image evaluation required the trainees to determine whether specific features of barrier dysfunction were present or not. Trainees in the didactic group engaged in peer discussion and received feedback after each set while this did not happen in the self-directed group. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of both groups were compared.
Results Trainees in the didactic group achieved a higher overall accuracy (87.5 % vs 85.0 %, P = 0.002) and sensitivity (84.5 % vs 80.4 %, P = 0.002) compared to trainees in the self-directed group. Interobserver agreement was higher in the didactic group (k = 0.686, 95 % CI 0.680 – 0.691, P < 0.001) than in the self-directed group (k = 0.566, 95 % CI 0.559 – 0.573, P < 0.001). Confidence (OR 6.48, 95 % CI 5.35 – 7.84, P < 0.001) and good image quality (OR 2.58, 95 % CI 2.17 – 2.82, P < 0.001) were positive predictors of accuracy.
Conclusion Expert-led didactic training is more effective than self-directed audiovisual training for teaching inexperienced analysts how to recognize mucosal barrier defects on eCLE.
Self-expandable metal stent placement in a child for treatment of achalasia after failed Heller myotomy
Authors: Gugig Roberto , Muñoz Jurado Guillermo , Huang Clifton , Oleas Roberto , Robles-Medranda Carlos 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Childhood achalasia treatment remains inconclusive. What is next after myotomy failure? Repeated pneumatic-dilation put patients at greater risk of perforation with possible symptom recurrence. We report on a 12-year-old patient with a 1-year history of achalasia whom underwent Heller myotomy with fundoplication and recurred with symptoms 1 week after surgery. Pneumatic dilatation was considered but not done because of the risk of esophageal perforation. The decision was made to place a fully covered self-expanding metallic stent (FC-SEMS) for 3 months, which resolved the stenosis as confirmed by esophagram. The patient has remained asymptomatic since the procedure was performed 2 years ago. FC-SEMS is an alternative for treatment of refractory achalasia in children who do not respond to conventional treatment.
The use of fully-covered self-expanding metallic stents for intraprocedural management of post-sphincterotomy perforations: a single-center study (with video)
Authors: Trikudanathan Guru , Hoversten Patrick , Arain Mustafa , Attam Rajeev , Freeman Martin , Amateau Stuart 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Management of post-sphincterotomy perforations is variable, with some patients managed conservatively and other requiring surgery. Fully-covered self-expanding metal stents (FCSEMs) have been used in the past, but data is limited. The aim of this study was to report the clinical characteristics and outcomes following placement of anchored FCSEMSs for the immediate management of post-sphincterotomy perforation.
Patients and methods All patients undergoing an ERCP procedure between June 2011 and December 2015 at our institution were reviewed for post-sphincterotomy perforation. All intra-procedurally recognized perforations underwent placement of FCSEMs with flexible anchoring fins and were included in this study. Data extracted included patient demographics, indication, peri-procedural details, clinical course and long-term outcome following anchored FCSEMS placement.
Results A total of 15 patients (12 females, median age-66 years) with post-sphincterotomy perforation were included. Major indications included choledocholithiasis in 9 (60 %), and 5 (33.3 %) patients had intra-ampullary or periampullary diverticula. All patients underwent placement of FCSEMS without any complication and had immediate resolution of perforation as evidenced by decrease in fluoroscopic gas and lack of contrast extravasation. None of the patients became symptomatic or needed surgery with a median 2 days of hospitalization following the procedure. Stents were removed after a median of 30.5 days and no complications were noted during follow-up after stent removal.
Conclusions Anchored FCSEMs are safe and effective for management of intra-procedurally recognized post-sphincterotomy perforations and obviates need for surgery.
Endoscopic full-thickness resection with an over-the-scope clip device (FTRD) in the colorectum: results from a university tertiary referral center
Authors: Vitali Francesco , Naegel Andreas , Siebler Juergen , Neurath Markus , Rath Timo 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims The full-thickness resection device (FTRD) represents a novel endoscopic treatment method for lesions unresectable with conventional endoscopic techniques. The overall aim of this study was to evaluate technical success and in toto resection rates, recurrence rates, as well as immediate or late complications in patients who underwent polyp removal with the FTRD.
Patients and methods Data from a prospectively collected database of 12 patients who underwent 13 over-the-scope clip-based full-thickness resections between June 2015 and June 2017 were analyzed. Follow-up endoscopy was performed in 11 out of 12 patients.
Results 13 full-thickness resections were performed in 7 males and 5 females (mean age 64.3 ± 6.3 years). Mean size of the lesions removed with FTRD was 17 ± 4 mm. Location was rectum (n = 6), cecum (n = 2), ascending colon (n = 2), left flexure (n = 1) and right flexure (n = 2). Mean procedure time was 68 ± 35 minutes and mean hospital stay was 2.5 ± 1.2 days. 2 patients developed post-polypectomy syndrome, which resolved after conservative treatment. No perforations and no immediate surgical revision were needed. Histology of the 13 lesions removed with FTRD showed 5 adenomas with low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN), 4 high grade IEN, 1 fibrosis, 1 fibrosis without dysplasia and 2 adenocarcinomas. Technical success was achieved in all procedures (13/13, 100 %). R0 resection was achieved in 10/12 patients (83.3 %). 2 patients underwent surgery because of recurrence or not evaluable margins. In 1 patient no residual malignancy was proven in histological examination, in the other patient residual low grade IEN adenoma.
Conclusion FTRD is a minimally invasive approach with good success rate of complete resection and minimal side effects.
Epifaszial verlagerte tiefe inferiore epigastrische Gefäße als Anschlussgefäße für die mikrochirurgische Rekonstruktion
komplexer onkochirurgischer Defekte des Abdomens und des Oberschenkels
Authors: Simunovic F. , Wittel U. , Passlick B. , Wiesemann S. , Czerny M. , Südkamp M. , Stark G. B. , Bannasch H. 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Resektion großer Weichteilsarkome erfordert die Rekonstruktion mit freiem Gewebstransfer. Hierbei stellt die Selektion
geeigneter Anschlussgefäße einen entscheidenden Faktor für den operativen Erfolg dar.
Patienten Wir berichten über vier Fälle mit sehr großen Tumoren und mit besonders komplexem anatomischem Bezug: zwei Sarkome in der
Leiste mit Infiltration der Gefäß-Nervenstraße und zwei Sarkome in der Flanke mit ausgedehnter thorakoabdomineller und viszeraler
Beteiligung. In allen Fällen erfolgten interdisziplinäre Operationen innerhalb eines multimodalen Therapieansatzes. In zwei Fällen wurde ein
anterolateraler Oberschenkellappen (ALT) und in zwei ein myokutaner Latissimus Dorsi (LD) Lappen zur Defektdeckung benutzt. In allen Fällen
erfolgte eine epifasziale Verlagerung der tiefen inferioren epigastrischen Gefäße zum mikrochirurgischen Gefäßanschluss.
Ergebnisse Die durchschnittliche Operationszeit betrug 694 ± 149 Minuten. Das mittlere Resektatgewicht war 3069 ± 1267 g. Drei
Lappenplastiken heilten primär ein, in einem Fall kam es zu einer Spitzennekrose, welche operativ behandelt wurde.
Schlussfolgerung Die Verlagerung der tiefen inferioren epigastrischen Gefäßen nach epifaszial stellt in dieser selektionierten Gruppe
eine gute Option zum Anschluss freier Lappen dar. Aufgrund der oberflächlichen Lage ist die Durchführung der Anastomose erleichtert.
Insbesondere bei großen Defekten mit bestrahltem Lager erweitert diese technische Modifikation die rekonstruktiven Optionen.