bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Forensic Investigation of Climate Model Biases in Teleconnections: The Case of the Relationship Between ENSO and the Northern Stratospheric Polar Vortex
Authors: Shen Xiaocen , Kretschmer Marlene , Shepherd Theodore G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTeleconnections are crucial in shaping climate variability and regional climate change. The fidelity of teleconnections in climate models is important for reliable climate projections. As the observed sample size is limited, scientific judgment is required when models disagree with observed teleconnections. We illustrate this using the example of the relationship between El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the northern stratospheric polar vortex (SPV), where the MIROC6 large ensemble exhibits an ENSO‐SPV correlation opposite in sign to observations. Yet the model well captures the upward planetary‐wave propagation pathway through which ENSO is known to affect the SPV. We show that the discrepancy arises from the model showing an additional linkage related to horizontal stratospheric wave propagation. Observations do not provide strong statistical evidence for or against the existence of this linkage. Thus, depending on the research purpose, a choice has to be made in how to use the model simulations. Under the assumption that the additional linkage is spurious, a physically‐based bias adjustment is applied to the SPV, which effectively aligns the modeled ENSO‐SPV relationship with the observations, and thereby removes the model‐observations discrepancy in the surface air temperature response. However, if one believed that the additional linkage was genuine and was undersampled in the observations, a different approach could be taken. Our study emphasizes that caution is needed when concluding that a model is not suitable for studying teleconnections. We propose a forensic approach and argue that it helps to better understand model performance and utilize climate model data more effectively.
Tunable multistate field-free switching and ratchet effect by spin-orbit torque in canted ferrimagnetic alloy
Authors: Hsu Cheng-Hsiang , Gross Miela J. , Kleidermacher Hannah Calzi , Sayed Shehrin , Salahuddin Sayeef 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSpin-orbit torque is not only a useful probe to study manipulation of magnetic textures and magnetic states at the nanoscale but also it carries great potential for next-generation computing applications. Here we report the observation of rich spin-orbit torque switching phenomena such as field-free switching, multistate switching, memristor behavior and ratchet effect in a single shot, co-sputtered, rare earth-transition metal GdxCo100−x. Notably such effects have only been observed in antiferromagnet/ferromagnet bi-layer systems previously. We show that these effects can be traced to a large anistropic canting, that can be engineered into the GdxCo100−x system. Further, we show that the magnitude of these switching phenomena can be tuned by the canting angle and the in-plane external field. The complex spin-orbit torque switching observed in canted GdxCo100−x not only provides a platform for spintronics but also serves as a model system to study the underlying physics of complex magnetic textures and interactions.
A germline-to-soma signal triggers an age-related decline of mitochondrial stress response
Authors: Zhou Liankui , Jiang Liu , Li Lan , Ma Chengchuan , Xia Peixue , Ding Wanqiu , Liu Ying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe abilities of an organism to cope with extrinsic stresses and activate cellular stress responses decline during aging. The signals that modulate stress responses in aged animals remain to be elucidated. Here, we discover that feeding Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) embryo lysates to adult worms enabled the animals to activate the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) upon mitochondrial perturbations. This discovery led to subsequent investigations that unveil a hedgehog-like signal that is transmitted from the germline to the soma in adults to inhibit UPRmt in somatic tissues. Additionally, we find that the levels of germline-expressed piRNAs in adult animals markedly decreased. This reduction in piRNA levels coincides with the production and secretion of a hedgehog-like signal and suppression of the UPRmt in somatic cells. Building upon existing research, our study further elucidates the intricate mechanisms of germline-to-soma signaling and its role in modulating the trade-offs between reproduction and somatic maintenance within the context of organismal aging.
Acute optogenetic induction of the prodromal endophenotype of CA1 hyperactivity causes schizophrenia-related deficits in cognition and salience attribution
Authors: Kapanaiah Sampath K. T. , Grimm Christina , Kätzel Dennis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHyperactivity of the human anterior hippocampus has been reported to spread from its CA1 subfield to the subiculum around the onset of first-episode psychosis and could be a cellular target for early therapeutic intervention in the schizophrenia prodrome. However, to what extent CA1 hyperactivity actually causes schizophrenia-related symptoms remains unknown. Here, we mimic this endophenotype by direct optogenetic activation of excitatory cells in the homologous mouse region, ventral CA1 (vCA1) and assess its consequence in multiple schizophrenia-related behavioural tests. We find that hyperactivity of vCA1 causes hyperlocomotion and impairments of spatial and object-related short-term habituation (spatial novelty-preference and novel-object recognition memory) and spatial working memory, whereas social interaction, spatial exploration, and anxiety remain unaltered. Stimulation of the ventral subiculum, in contrast, only increased locomotion and exploration. In conclusion, CA1 hyperactivity may be a direct driver of prodromal cognitive symptoms and of aberrant salience assignment leading to psychosis.
Chitosan pyrolysis in the presence of a ZnCl2/NaCl salts for carbons with electrocatalytic activity in oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solutions
Authors: Kochaniec Maria K. , Lieder Marek 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe one-step carbonization of low cost and abundant chitosan biopolymer in the presence of salt eutectics ZnCl2/NaCl results in nitrogen-doped carbon nanostructures (8.5 wt.% total nitrogen content). NaCl yields the spacious 3D structure, which allows external oxygen to easily reach the active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) distinguished by their high onset potential and the maximum turnover frequency of 0.132 e site⁻1 s⁻1. Data show that the presence of NaCl during the synthesis exhibits the formation of pores having large specific volumes and surface (specific surface area of 1217 m2 g−1), and holds advantage by their pores characteristics such as their micro-size part, which provides a platform for mass transport distribution in three-dimensional N-doped catalysts for ORR. It holds benefit over sample pre-treated with LiCl in terms of the micropores specific volume and area, seen as their percentage rate, measured in the BET. Therefore, the average concentration of the active site on the surface is larger.
An innovative subdivision collocation algorithm for heat conduction equation with non-uniform thermal diffusivity
Authors: Ejaz Syeda Tehmina , Malik Safia , Younis Jihad , Sellami Rahma , Alnefaie Kholood 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a subdivision collocation algorithm for numerically solving the heat conduction equation with non-uniform thermal diffusivity, considering both initial and boundary conditions. The algorithm involves transforming the differential form of the heat conduction equation into a system of equations and discretizing the time variable using the finite difference formula. The numerical solution of the system of heat conduction equations is then obtained. The feasibility of the algorithm is verified through theoretical and numerical analyses. Additionally, numerical and graphical representations of the obtained numerical solutions are provided, along with a comparison to existing methods. The results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the existing methods in terms of accuracy.
An exploration of the impact of phylogenetic tree structure on NTI and βNTI estimates of community assembly
Authors: Gundersen Madeleine J.S. , Vadstein Olav 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe nearest taxon index (NTI) and beta nearest taxon index (βNTI) are popular metrics used to infer community assembly in a variety of ecosystems. However, the dependence these metrics have on the underlying phylogenetic tree is often overlooked and can potentially lead to erroneous conclusions. In this paper, we investigated how misclassified sequences in the phylogenetic tree and reduction of the metacommunity richness affect estimates of the assembly processes. We estimated assembly processes in two datasets investigating fish-microbiota interactions. We found that non-bacterial misclassified sequences can drastically change the interpretation of assembly processes. NTI consistently increased after misclassified sequences were removed, which changed the ecological interpretation for 82.8% of the communities in one of the datasets. Similarly, βNTI was strongly affected by misclassified sequences in the phylogenetic tree, changing the ecological interpretation for 44.7% (Dataset 1) and 6.3% (Dataset 2) of the community comparisons. Lower metacommunity richness generally resulted in decreased NTI and increased βNTI, but the effect sizes were small and generally did not result in a change in ecological interpretation. Based on these findings, we recommend: (1) constructing and visually inspecting a phylogenetic tree for 16 S rRNA gene amplicon datasets to identify and remove misclassified sequences, and (2) evaluating the robustness of community assembly conclusions by performing analyses with varying metacommunity richness and clearly specifying the metacommunity used for the null model approach.
Solar cells combined with geothermal or wind power systems reduces climate and environmental impact
Authors: Shamoushaki Moein , Koh S. C. Lenny 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research investigates the environmental sustainability of three integrated power cycles: combined geothermal-wind, combined solar-geothermal, and combined solar-wind. Here, a promising solar technology, the perovskite solar cell, is considered and analysed in conjunction with another renewable-based cycle, evaluating 17 scenarios focusing on improving the efficiency and lifespan. Among the base cases, combined solar-wind had the lowest ozone depletion impact, while combined geothermal-wind had the lowest freshwater ecotoxicity and marine ecotoxicity impacts. The study shows that extending the perovskite solar cell lifespan from 3 to 15 years reduces CO2 emissions by 28% for the combined solar-geothermal and 56% for the combined solar-wind scenario. The most sustainable cases in ozone depletion, marine ecotoxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, and climate change impacts are combined solar-wind, combined solar-geothermal, and combined geothermal-wind, respectively, among all evaluated scenarios. This research suggests investing in the best mix of integrated power cycles using established and emerging renewable technologies for maximum environmental sustainability.
28-country global study on associations between cultural characteristics and Recovery College fidelity
Authors: Kotera Yasuhiro , Ronaldson Amy , Hayes Daniel , Hunter-Brown Holly , McPhilbin Merly , Dunnett Danielle , Jebara Tesnime , Takhi Simran , Masuda Takahiko , Camacho Elizabeth , Bakolis Ioannis , Repper Julie , Meddings Sara , Stergiopoulos Vicky , Brophy Lisa , De Ruysscher Clara , Okoliyski Michail , Kubinová Petra , Eplov Lene , Toernes Charlotte , Narusson Dagmar , Tinland Aurélie , Puschner Bernd , Hiltensperger Ramona , Lucchi Fabio , Miyamoto Yuki , Castelein Stynke , Borg Marit , Klevan Trude Gøril , Tan Boon Meng Roger , Sornchai Chatdanai , Tiengtom Kruawon , Farkas Marianne , Moreland Jones Hannah , Moore Edith , Butler Ann , Mpango Richard , Tse Samson , Kondor Zsuzsa , Ryan Michael , Zuaboni Gianfranco , Elton Dan , Grant-Rowles Jason , McNaughton Rebecca , Hanlon Charlotte , Harcla Claire , Vanderplasschen Wouter , Arbour Simone , Silverstone Denise , Bejerholm Ulrika , Powell Candice , Ochoa Susana , Garcia-Franco Mar , Tolonen Jonna , Yeo Caroline , Charles Ashleigh , Henderson Claire , Slade Mike 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecovery Colleges (RCs) are learning-based mental health recovery communities, located globally. However, evidence on RC effectiveness outside Western, educated, industrialised, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) countries is limited. This study aimed to evaluate associations between cultural characteristics and RC fidelity, to understand how culture impacts RC operation. Service managers from 169 RCs spanning 28 WEIRD and non-WEIRD countries assessed the fidelity using the RECOLLECT Fidelity Measure, developed based upon key RC operation components. Hofstede’s cultural dimension scores were entered as predictors in linear mixed-effects regression models, controlling for GDP spent on healthcare and Gini coefficient. Higher Individualism and Indulgence, and lower Uncertainty Avoidance were associated with higher fidelity, while Long-Term Orientation was a borderline negative predictor. RC operations were predominantly aligned with WEIRD cultures, highlighting the need to incorporate non-WEIRD cultural perspectives to enhance RCs’ global impact. Findings can inform the refinement and evaluation of mental health recovery interventions worldwide.
The role of Fission in the search of the Super Heavy Land: Fission modes in heavy and superheavy nuclei. Case study of 180Hg
Authors: Vardaci E. , Di Nitto A. , Banerjee T. , Pulcini A. , Setaro P.A. , Alifano G. , La Rana G. , Carjan N. , Cicchella A. , Spinosa S. , Kozulin E.M. , Trzaska W.H. , Itkis I.M. , Knyazheva G.N. , Kumar D. , Novikov K.V. , Vorobiev I.V. , Khlebnikov S.V. , Cheralu M. , Kozulina N.I. , Pchelintsev I.V. , Borcea C. , Calinescu S. , Filipescu D.M. , Harca I.M. , Petrone C. 
Published: October 2024

Many observations strongly support the hypothesis that nuclei may fission through several independent fission modes (multimodal fission) interpreted as different prescission shapes and fission paths in a multidimensional potential energy landscape where shell effects are dominant. Mass distributions of the fission fragments are sensitive to the potential energy landscape and appear to be single humped (symmetric) or double humped (asymmetric). In many cases a mixture of both modes is observed.
We propose here our study on 180Hg. Binary fission fragments formed in the reaction 68Zn + 112Sn → 180Hg at different excitation energies around the Coulomb barrier were detected using the double-arm time-of-flight technique with the spectrometers CORSET. The experiment was performed at JYFL (Jyvaskyla, Finland). We will discuss an analysis of the mass distributions in terms of fission modes predicted by a five-dimensional fission model. We have found out that the mass distributions can be well reproduced by considering a symmetric fission mode and two asymmetric modes at (AL ≈ 80, AH ≈ 100) and (AL ≈ 70 and AH ≈ 110).
Sarkoidose und Auge
Authors: Bulirsch Louisa Maria , Herwig-Carl Martina C. , Mauschitz Matthias Marten , Holz Frank G. , Löffler Karin U. 
Published: October 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei der Sarkoidose handelt es sich um eine granulomatöse Multisystemerkrankung, die sich häufig auch am Auge manifestiert, sodass eine interdisziplinäre Betreuung der Patienten auch unter Einbeziehung des Ophthalmologen notwendig ist. Eine okuläre Beteiligung kann sich in verschiedenen Augenabschnitten, wie der Orbita, der Tränendrüse, der Bindehaut oder dem Sehnerv zeigen. Allerdings ist die Uveitis, vor allem die Uveitis anterior, die häufigste Augenbeteiligung. Eine adäquate Therapie der Sarkoidose ist erforderlich, um einen Visusverlust und somit eine potenziell erhebliche Einschränkung im Alltag der betroffenen Patienten zu verhindern. Eine okuläre Manifestation kann auch das erste Symptom der Erkrankung sein, sodass dem Augenarzt eine entscheidende Rolle in der Diagnosestellung zukommt.
Muskuloskelettale Manifestationen der Sarkoidose
Authors: Rump Caroline , Kanne Anna-Maria 
Published: October 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGMuskuloskelettale Manifestationen der Sarkoidose treten bei bis zu 80 % der Sarkoidosepatienten und -patientinnen auf. Die Beschwerden reichen von leichtgradigen Arthralgien bis hin zu schwerwiegenden Manifestationen wie destruierende Knochenläsionen. Das breite Spektrum erschwert die Diagnostik und stellt eine Herausforderung auch in der Therapie dar. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über Gelenk-, Knochen- und Muskelmanifestationen sowie den im Rahmen der Erkrankung häufig gestörten Vitamin-D-Kalzium-Stoffwechsel.
Self-control failures, as judged by themselves
Authors: Lades Leonhard K. , Delaney Liam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe existence of self-control failures is often used to legitimize public policy interventions. The argument is that reducing self-control failures can make people better off, as judged by themselves. However, there is only scarce evidence on the frequency and welfare costs of self-control failures. This paper presents a survey method that allows us to measure self-control failures in everyday life and to identify their welfare costs in terms of associations with experienced subjective well-being. We present novel survey evidence using this method and discuss its implications for behavioural welfare economics and behavioural public policy.
Does gender-fair language matter?
Authors: Tarrayo Veronico N. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Gender-fair language (GFL), a linguistic practice that aims to avoid gender bias or discrimination by using
gender-inclusive terms, has been increasingly recognized in various contexts. Despite this growing recognition, the question of
how Filipinos view the use of GFL in the workplace remains underexplored. The present study contributes to this evolving discourse
by investigating the perceptions of Filipino professional writers in English toward GFL, an area that has received relatively
little attention in the literature, particularly in more restrictive cultural contexts such as the Philippines. Using a
qualitative survey with 34 Filipino professional writers, ten of whom participated in follow-up email interviews, I examine the
views of these writers on GFL and the aspects that influence them in using GFL in writing. The findings demonstrate that while GFL
is seen as positive for social change, practical and contextual considerations affect its use. Factors that facilitate GFL
adoption are identified, such as confidence and awareness, commitment to gender equality, and professional growth. In contrast,
hindering factors include cultural and ideological resistance, practical and linguistic challenges, and the lack of comprehensive
GFL guidelines and resources.
Relativistic fluids in cosmological spacetimes
Authors: Fajman David , Ofner Maximilian , Wyatt Zoe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We review the status of mathematical research on the dynamical properties of relativistic fluids in cosmological spacetimes–both, in the presence of gravitational backreaction as well as the evolution on fixed cosmological backgrounds. We focus in particular on the phenomenon of fluid stabilization, which describes the taming effect of spacetime expansion on the fluid. While fluids are in general known to form shocks from regular initial data, spacetime expansion has been found to suppress this behaviour. During the last decade, various rigorous results on this problem have been put forward. We review these results, the mathematical methods involved and provide an outlook on open questions.
Bi-TAM-Net framework: fault diagnosis for insulated bearing based on new noise-resistant time-series framework
Authors: Huang Xingyuan , Yang Tongguang , Yang Dianjun , Li Jinglan , Xiao Dongming , Guo Shuaiping , Jiang Lingli , Li Xuejun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Insulated bearings are extensively employed in wind turbines and other applications as essential core parts of high-power frequency control motors. However, the influence of wind turbine structure makes it difficult to define the insulated bearing fault signal extraction. In order to solve the above challenges, Bi-TAM-Net framework is developed to diagnose the insulated bearing fault signals and achieve accurate identification of bearing faults. Firstly, the temporal information feature fusion model is created by the Bi-TAM-Net framework using the time-series bearing dataset as the model data input with recursive and chain linking rules in the direction of time-series evolution. Then the self-attention mechanism is introduced into the structure of the designed temporal information fusion model for optimization, which can be modeled in sequences of arbitrary length, and strengthening the extraction ability of the proposed framework for important information. Finally, based on the same dataset, the Bi-TAM-Net framework is compared and analyzed with seven methods such as the advanced TAM-Net model, and the results show that the Bi-TAM-Net framework has better superiority.
Testing spatial out-of-sample area of influence for grain forecasting models
Authors: Davenport F , Lee D , Shukla S , Husak G , Funk C , Budde M , Rowland J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We examine the factors that determine if a grain forecasting model fit to one region can be transferred to another region. Prior research has proposed examining the area of applicability (AoA) of a model based on structurally similar characteristics in the Earth Observation predictors and weights based on the model derived feature importance. We expand on and evaluate this approach in the context of grain yield forecasting in Sub-Saharan Africa. Specifically, we evaluate an AoA methodology established for generating raster surfaces and apply it to vector supported grain data. We fit a series of ensemble tree models both within single countries and across multiple sets of countries and then test those models in countries excluded from the training set. We then calculate and decompose AoA measures and examine several different performance metrics. We find that the spatial transfer accuracy does not vary across season but does vary by average rainfall and across high, medium, and low yielding regions. In general, areas with higher yields and medium to high average rainfall tend to have higher accuracy for both model training and transfer. Finally, we find that fitting models with multiple countries provides more accurate out-of-sample estimates when compared to models fitted to a single country.