bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The burden of comorbidity in people with chronic kidney disease stage 3: a cohort study
Authors: Fraser Simon D. S. , Roderick Paul J. , May Carl R. , McIntyre Natasha , McIntyre Christopher , Fluck Richard J. , Shardlow Adam , Taal Maarten W. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background
Multimorbidity is a growing concern for healthcare systems, with many countries experiencing demographic transition to older population profiles. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common but often considered in isolation. The extent and prognostic significance of its comorbidities is not well understood. This study aimed to assess the extent and prognostic significance of 11 comorbidities in people with CKD stage 3.

Methods
A prospective cohort of 1741 people with CKD stage 3 was recruited from primary care between August 2008 and March 2010. Participants underwent medical history, clinical assessment, blood and urine sampling. Comorbidity was defined by self-reported doctor-diagnosed condition, disease-specific medication or blood results (hemoglobin), and treatment burden as number of ongoing medications. Logistic regression was used to identify associations with greater treatment burden (taking >5 medications) and greater multimorbidity (3 or more comorbidities). Kaplan Meier plots and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate associations between multimorbidity and all-cause mortality.

Results
One thousand seven hundred forty-one people were recruited, mean age 72.9 +/−9 years. Mean baseline eGFR was 52 ml/min/1.73 m2. Only 78/1741 (4 %) had no comorbidities, 453/1741 (26 %) had one, 508/1741 (29 %) had two and 702/1741 (40 %) had >2. Hypertension was common (88 %), 30 % had ‘painful condition’, 24 % anemia, 23 %, ischaemic heart disease, 17 % diabetes and 12 % thyroid disorders. Median medication use was 5 medications (interquartile range 3–8) and increased with degree of comorbidity. Greater treatment burden and multimorbidity were independently associated with age, smoking, increasing body mass index and decreasing eGFR. Treatment burden was also independently associated with lower education status. After median 3.6 years follow-up, 175/1741 (10 %) died. Greater multimorbidity was independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio 2.81 (95 % confidence intervals 1.72–4.58), p < 0.001) for 3 or more comorbidities vs 0 or 1).

Conclusions
Isolated CKD was rare and multimorbidity the norm in this cohort of people with moderate CKD. Increasing multimorbidity was associated with greater medication burden and poorer survival. CKD management should include consideration of comorbidities.
CYP1B1 promotes tumorigenesis via altered expression of CDC20 and DAPK1 genes in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Mitsui Yozo , Chang Inik , Fukuhara Shinichiro , Hiraki Miho , Arichi Naoko , Yasumoto Hiroaki , Hirata Hiroshi , Yamamura Soichiro , Shahryari Varahram , Deng Guoren , Wong Darryn K. , Majid Shahana , Shiina Hiroaki , Dahiya Rajvir , Tanaka Yuichiro 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) has been shown to be up-regulated in many types of cancer including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Several reports have shown that CYP1B1 can influence the regulation of tumor development; however, its role in RCC has not been well investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine the functional effects of CYP1B1 gene on tumorigenesis in RCC.

Methods
Expression of CYP1B1 was determined in RCC cell lines, and tissue microarrays of 96 RCC and 25 normal tissues. To determine the biological significance of CYP1B1 in RCC progression, we silenced the gene in Caki-1 and 769-P cells by RNA interference and performed various functional analyses.

Results
First, we confirmed that CYP1B1 protein expression was significantly higher in RCC cell lines compared to normal kidney tissue. This trend was also observed in RCC samples (p < 0.01). Interestingly, CYP1B1 expression was associated with tumor grade and stage. Next, we silenced the gene in Caki-1 and 769-P cells by RNA interference and performed various functional analyses to determine the biological significance of CYP1B1 in RCC progression. Inhibition of CYP1B1 expression resulted in decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion of RCC cells. In addition, reduction of CYP1B1 induced cellular apoptosis in Caki-1. We also found that these anti-tumor effects on RCC cells caused by CYP1B1 depletion may be due to alteration of CDC20 and DAPK1 expression based on gene microarray and confirmed by real-time PCR. Interestingly, CYP1B1 expression was associated with CDC20 and DAPK1 expression in clinical samples.

Conclusions
CYP1B1 may promote RCC development by inducing CDC20 expression and inhibiting apoptosis through the down-regulation of DAPK1. Our results demonstrate that CYP1B1 can be a potential tumor biomarker and a target for anticancer therapy in RCC.
Hypoxic preconditioning potentiates the trophic effects of mesenchymal stem cells on co-cultured human primary hepatocytes
Authors: Qin Harry H. , Filippi Céline , Sun Song , Lehec Sharon , Dhawan Anil , Hughes Robin D. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) improve the metabolic function of co-cultured hepatocytes. The present study aimed to further enhance the trophic effects of co-culture with hepatocytes using hypoxic preconditioning (HPc) of the MSCs and also to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved.

Methods
Human adipose tissue-derived MSCs were subjected to hypoxia (2 % O2; HPc) or normoxia (20 % O2) for 24 h and then co-cultured with isolated human hepatocytes. Assays of metabolic function and apoptosis were performed to investigate the hepatotrophic and anti-apoptotic effects of co-culture. Indirect co-cultures and co-culture with MSC-conditioned medium investigated the role of paracrine factors in the hepatotrophic effects of co-culture. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity was antagonised with N-acetylcysteine to investigate whether HPc potentiated the effects of MSCs by intracellular ROS-dependent mechanisms. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and extracellular collagen production was determined and CASP9 and BAX/BCL-2 signalling pathways analysed to investigate the role of soluble factors, extracellular matrix deposition, and apoptosis-associated gene signalling in the effects of co-culture.

Results
HPc potentiated the hepatotrophic and anti-apoptotic effects of co-culture by ROS-dependent mechanisms. There was increased MSC TGF-β1 production, and enhanced MSC deposition of extracellular collagen, with reduced synthesis of TNF-α, as well as a downregulation of the expression of pro-apoptotic CASP9, BAX, BID and BLK genes and upregulated expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 in hepatocytes.

Conclusions
HPc potentiated the trophic and anti-apoptotic effects of MSCs on hepatocytes via mechanisms including intracellular ROS, autocrine TGF-β, extracellular collagen and caspase and BAX/BCL-2 signalling pathways.
Neural and mesenchymal stem cells in animal models of Huntington’s disease: past experiences and future challenges
Authors: Kerkis Irina , Haddad Monica Santoro , Valverde Cristiane Wenceslau , Glosman Sabina 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited disease that causes progressive nerve cell degeneration. It is triggered by a mutation in the HTT gene that strongly influences functional abilities and usually results in movement, cognitive and psychiatric disorders. HD is incurable, although treatments are available to help manage symptoms and to delay the physical, mental and behavioral declines associated with the condition. Stem cells are the essential building blocks of life, and play a crucial role in the genesis and development of all higher organisms. Ablative surgical procedures and fetal tissue cell transplantation, which are still experimental, demonstrate low rates of recovery in HD patients. Due to neuronal cell death caused by accumulation of the mutated huntingtin (mHTT) protein, it is unlikely that such brain damage can be treated solely by drug-based therapies. Stem cell-based therapies are important in order to reconstruct damaged brain areas in HD patients. These therapies have a dual role: stem cell paracrine action, stimulating local cell survival, and brain tissue regeneration through the production of new neurons from the intrinsic and likely from donor stem cells. This review summarizes current knowledge on neural stem/progenitor cell and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, which has been carried out in several animal models of HD, discussing cell distribution, survival and differentiation after transplantation, as well as functional recovery and anatomic improvements associated with these approaches. We also discuss the usefulness of this information for future preclinical and clinical studies in HD.
Fixed point theorems for set-valued mappings on TVS-cone metric spaces
Authors: Fierro Raúl 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn the context of TVS-cone metric spaces, we prove a Bishop-Phelps and a Caristi type theorem. These results allow us to prove a fixed point theorem for $(\delta, L)$
(
δ
,
L
)
-weak contraction according to a pseudo Hausdorff metric defined by means of a cone metric.
Strong convergence theorems for the split equality variational inclusion problem and fixed point problem in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Guo Haili , He Huimin , Chen Rudong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we propose and investigate two new iterative algorithms for solving the split equality variational inclusion problem in Hilbert spaces. We also prove that the sequences generated by the proposed algorithms converge strongly to a common solution of the split equality variational inclusion problem and fixed points of a family of nonexpansive mappings, which is also an unique solution of a variational inequality as an optimality condition for a minimization problem. The results presented in this paper extend and generalize a variety of existing results in this area.
H3ABioNet computational metagenomics workshop in Mauritius: training to analyse microbial diversity for Africa
Authors: Baichoo Shakuntala , Botha Gerrit , Jaufeerally-Fakim Yasmina , Mungloo-Dilmohamud Zahra , Lundin Daniel , Mulder Nicola , Promponas Vasilis J. , Ouzounis Christos A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn the context of recent international initiatives to bolster genomics research for Africa, and more specifically to develop bioinformatics expertise and networks across the continent, a workshop on computational metagenomics was organized during the end of 2014 at the University of Mauritius. The workshop offered background on various aspects of computational biology, including databases and algorithms, sequence analysis fundamentals, metagenomics concepts and tools, practical exercises, journal club activities and research seminars. We have discovered a strong interest in metagenomics research across Africa, to advance practical applications both for human health and the environment. We have also realized the great potential to develop genomics and bioinformatics through collaborative efforts across the continent, and the need for further reinforcing the untapped human potential and exploring the natural resources for stronger engagement of local scientific communities, with a view to contributing towards the improvement of human health and well-being for the citizens of Africa.
Influence of phytochemicals in piper betle linn leaf extract on wound healing
Authors: Lien Le Thi , Tho Nguyen Thi , Ha Do Minh , Hang Pham Luong , Nghia Phan Tuan , Thang Nguyen Dinh 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Background
Wound healing has being extensively investigated over the world. Healing impairment is caused by many reasons including increasing of free-radicals-mediated damage, delaying in granulation tissue formation, reducing in angiogenesis and decreasing in collagen reorganization. These facts consequently lead to chronic wound healing. Piper betle Linn (Betle) leaves have been folklore used as an ingredient of drugs for cutaneous wound treatment. However, the effect of betle leaf on wound healing is not yet well elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the healing efficacy of methanol leaf extract of Piper betle Linn on proliferation of fibroblast NIH3T3 cells as well as full-thickness burn and excision wounds in swiss mice.

Methods
Scratch wound healing assays were conducted to examine the effects of betle leaf extract on healing activity of fibroblast cells. Burn and excision wounds on swiss mouse skins were created for investigating the wound healing progress caused by the betle leaf extract. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was also evaluated to examine the products of lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) under conditions of with or without betle leaf extract treatment.

Results
The results of this study showed that Piper betle Linn leaf extract in methanol increased proliferation of NIH3T3 cells and promoted wound healing in vitro and in vivo with both burn wound and excision wound models. In addition, this extract significant decreased level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver of treated-mice compared with that in non-treated mice.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that Piper betle Linn can be used as an ingredient in developing natural origin drugs for treatment of cutaneous wounds.
Health inequalities and psychosis: Time for action
Authors: Shiers David , Bradshaw Tim , Campion Jonathan 
Published: December 2015

SummaryPeople with psychosis face a life-restricting and life-shortening epidemic of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This can be predicted by the associated antecedent risk factors evident from early in psychosis, yet remain largely ignored. Greater coordination between primary care, secondary care and public health to systematically prevent and intervene earlier for these physical illnesses offers a realistic solution to reduce this health inequality.
Commissioning neuropsychiatry services: barriers and lessons
Authors: Bhattacharya Rahul , Rickards Hugh , Agrawal Niruj 
Published: December 2015

Aims and methodPrevious studies have shown variations in commissioning of neuropsychiatry services and this makes access to neuropsychiatric services a postcode lottery. In this survey, we approached all mental health and neuropsychiatric service commissioners within London to map current funding and commissioning arrangements, and explored perceived barriers to neuropsychiatric service commissioning.Results 83% of commissioners within London responded. There was significant variability between neuropsychiatric services commissioned through the mental health stream. Contracting arrangements were variable. Lack of earmarked fund for neuropsychiatry and disjointed funding stream for such services were identified by commissioners as a barrier, as was the critical mass of neuropsychiatric cases.Clinical implicationsNeuropsychiatric service development continues to be hindered by lack of clear commissioning process. Strategic drive is needed to promote more equitable neuropsychiatric services. National or regional commissioning covering a large population will provide a better model for neuropsychiatric services to be commissioned.
Mental health problems associated with female genital mutilation
Authors: Knipscheer Jeroen , Vloeberghs Erick , van der Kwaak Anke , van den Muijsenbergh Maria 
Published: December 2015

Aims and methodTo study the mental health status of 66 genitally mutilated immigrant women originating from Africa (i.e. Somalia, Sudan, Eritrea and Sierra Leone). Scores on standardised questionnaires (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire-30, Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25, COPE-Easy, Lowlands Acculturation Scale) and demographic and psychosocial correlates were analysed.ResultsA third of the respondents reported scores above the cut-off for affective or anxiety disorders; scores indicative for post-traumatic stress disorder were presented by 17.5% of women. Type of circumcision (infibulation), recollection of the event (a vivid memory), coping style (avoidance, in particular substance misuse) and employment status (lack of income) were significantly associated with psychopathology.Clinical implicationsA considerable minority group, characterised by infibulated women who have a vivid memory of the circumcision and cope with their symptoms in an avoidant way, reports to experience severe consequences of genital circumcision. In terms of public healthcare, interventions should target these groups as a priority.
The changing face(book) of psychiatry: can we justify ‘following’ patients' social media activity?
Authors: Cox-George Chantal 
Published: December 2015

SummaryIndividuals with mental health issues may post information on social networking sites that can provide an insight into their mental health status. It could be argued that doctors (and specifically psychiatrists) should understand the way in which social media is used by their patients to gain a better insight into their illnesses. However, choosing to actively monitor a patient's social media activity raises important questions about the way in which medical students, qualified clinicians and other healthcare professionals obtain information about patients. While this may be framed as a mere form of ‘collateral history-taking’, there are obvious practical and ethical problems with doing so. Here, a case is made against monitoring the social media activity of patients involved with psychiatric services.
Practice of using household service: foreign and domestic experience
Authors: Ермакова Елена , Ermakova Elena 
Published: December 2015

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of functioning of the household service on the material of the
InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG) which is the largest international hotel chain by number of rooms; in
particular they examine the Holiday Inn Express Rolling Meadows, USA, and the hotel “ Vostok” located in
Tyumen, Russian Federation. They examine the standard of housekeeping, cleaning technology and the order
of service. The author characterizes timing parameters for the service and the number of personnel involved in
the service. They say about the service stages of rooms. The completeness of the house cleaner carts characterize
on the material of Holiday Inn Express Rolling Meadows. It can have: the cleaner, the laundry bag, trash bag,
broom, and dustpan, chemicals, funds for a complete bathroom, linen, towels, bathrobes, kitchenette, dry
cloth for cleaning bathrooms, sponge, brush, plunger, bucket, notepads and pens. They examine its movement
when cleaning room stock. The article proposes speech clichés and communicative strategies used by the house
cleaner while cleaning the rooms (in particular, the phrase on the plates’ clean rooms). The author makes
the conclusion that clean technologies in the hotel Vostok and the Holiday Inn, despite the absence of unified
standards, have many things in common. Even if there are differences in the process of cleaning (for example,
a cart in the hotel Vostok is less than in the Holiday Inn Express Rolling Meadows), they are based on rational
conditions (there are special rooms for maids in the hotel to fill the cart). Generally, the author notices the
importance of the house cleaner in the functioning of a household service, because the cleanliness of the room,
and thus profits of the hotel depends on this profession.
Family and property demographics of landowner peasants in Russia in the middle of the eighteenth century
Authors: Прохоров Михаил , Prokhorov Mikhail 
Published: December 2015

The article provides an analysis of family and property demographics of the peasant household in the fortress
village of Russia in the middle of the eighteenth century. The author that the development of the topic is not
enough in the historical literature. The source base of this study was documents extracted mainly from the
funds of the personal origin: orders and instructions of the landlords, reports and records of governing estates.
The census records and homestead descriptions of villages are especially valuable as they provide the list of
names of the inhabitants of the yard, their age, family relationships. The object of study was the large and
medium landowners ‘ ownership of the Central provinces of Russia – Moscow, Suzdal and Rostov, where there
was an early process of formation of local-patrimonial estates. Based on the system approach such tasks as the
population of the yard, the composition, structure and typology of family, its human resources, system of marriage
are examined. The article presents the demographic characteristics of the family with children, adolescents,
healthy and elderly people. The age and sex ratio of male and female population of a peasant family are
also studied. In the work there was discussed such question which is little-studied in Russian historiography as
marital relations in land environment: the proportion of married couples, the age of those who enter into marriage,
age difference between husband and wife. Special emphasis is given to the impact of the financial status
of the yard to the marital status of the peasants. Negative aspects of the demographic policy of the landowners,
which were directed on the increase, first, the solvency of the rural world, were clarified. The obtained results
will be useful for developing an information base of research on Russian history and historical demography.
Investigation of callogenesis and indirect regeneration of Freesia × hybrida Bailey ‘Argenta’
Authors: Pourkhaloee Ali , Khosh-Khui Morteza 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
An investigation was conducted to study the effects of explant sources, plant growth regulators, carbohydrates and light conditions on indirect cormlet regeneration and the induction of embryogenic callus of freesia (Freesia × hybrida Bailey ‘Argenta’). Sections of two different types of explants, corms and pupae (cold storage-produced corms), were placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing different concentrations of plant growth regulators. The results showed that the highest percentage of callus induction (100%), the highest callus growth (15 mm diameter) and the best type of calli were achieved for pupa explants grown on the medium that contained 4 mg L−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in the dark. Increasing BAP up to 3 to 4.5 mg L−1 resulted in the maximum number of regenerated cormlets from 1 cm2 calli (2 cormlets) under light conditions. Overall, the best rooting of regenerated cormlets was achieved on MS media supplemented with 1 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). In the next stage, high quality calli were subcultured on MS media containing sorbitol, sucrose, maltose and mannitol (0, 5, 10 and 15 g L−1). The results indicated that 15 g L−1 maltose was able to induce the highest percentage of embryogenic callus, with an average of 88.9% on media containing 2 mg L−1 BAP and 1 mg L−1 NAA.
What is essential data in digital forensic analysis?
Authors: Freiling Felix C. , Schuhr Jan C. , Gruhn Michael 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In his seminal work on file system forensic analysis, Brian Carrier
defined the notion of essential data as “those that are
needed to save and retrieve files.” He argues that essential data is
therefore more trustworthy, than other data in the system since it has
to be correct in order for the user to use the file system. In many
practical settings, however, it is unclear whether a specific piece of
data is essential because either file system specifications are
ambiguous or the importance of a specific data field depends on the
operating system that processes the file system data. We therefore
revisit Carrier's definition and show that there are two types of
essential data: While strictly essential corresponds to
Carrier's definition, partially essential refers to
application specific interpretations. We further provide an opinion
regarding the legal usefulness of our definition.