bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling and simulation of heat conduction in 1-D polar spherical coordinates using control volume-based finite difference method
Authors: Diószegi Attila , Diószegi Éva , Tóth Judit , Svidró József Tamás 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to obtain a finite difference method (FDM) solution using control volume for heat transport by conduction and the heat absorption by the enthalpy model in the sand mixture used in casting manufacturing processes. A mixture of sand and different chemicals (binders) is used as moulding materials in the casting processes. The presence of various compounds in the system improve the complexity of the heat transport due to the heat absorption as the binders are decomposing and transformed into gaseous products due to significant heat shock.

Design/methodology/approach
– The geometrical domain were defined in a 1D polar coordinate system and adapted for numerical simulation according to the control volume-based FDM. The simulation results were validated by comparison to the temperature measurements under laboratory conditions as the sand mould mixture was heated by interacting with a liquid alloy.

Findings
– Results of validation and simulation methods were about high correspondence, the numerical method presented in this paper is accurate and has significant potential in the simulation of casting processes.

Originality/value
– Both numerical solution (definition of geometrical domain in 1D polar coordinate system) and verification method presented in this paper are state-of-the-art in their kinds and present high scientific value especially regarding to the topic of numerical modelling of heat flow and foundry technology.
Numerical simulation of the stagnation point flow past a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet with convective boundary condition and heat generation
Authors: Rosca Alin V. , Rosca Natalia C. , Pop Ioan 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is the stagnation-point flow driven by a permeable stretching/shrinking surface with convective boundary condition and heat generation.

Design/methodology/approach
– It is known that similarity solutions of the energy equation are possible for the boundary conditions of constant surface temperature and constant heat flux. However, for the present case it is demonstrated that a similarity solution is possible if the convective heat transfer associated with the hot fluid on the lower surface of the plate is constant.

Findings
– The governing boundary layer equations are transformed to self-similar nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. Numerical results of the resulting equations are obtained using the function bvp4c from Matlab for different values of the governing parameters. In addition an analytical solution has been obtained for the energy equation when heat generation is absent. The streamlines for the upper branch solution show that the pattern is almost similar to the normal stagnation-point flow, but because of the existence of suction and shrinking effect, the flow seems like suck to the permeable wall.

Originality/value
– Dual solutions are found for negative values of the moving parameter. A stability analysis has been also performed to show that the first upper branch solutions are stable and physically realizable, while the lower branch solutions are not stable and, therefore, not physically possible. The streamlines for the lower branch solution are also graphically shown.
Sponsorship and support
Authors: Czerniawska Fiona , Guzman Sandra 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– This viewpoint looks at what can be done to increase the numbers of women in consulting firms.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors interviewed almost 40 senior people in leading consulting firms around the world.

Findings
– Many factors have a bearing on whether women become partners, but our research highlights how important sponsorship is in particular.

Originality/value
– This viewpoint suggests there is more to mentoring and it can be particularly helpful for women trying to make partner in consulting firms.
Examining the influence of teachers
'
beliefs towards technology integration in classroom
Authors: Salleh Sallimah 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine how the direct and indirect factors of the elaborated theory of planned behaviour (TPB) relate to teachers’ intentions and use of technology in teaching.

Design/methodology/approach
– The current study attempted to provide an understanding of teachers’ beliefs and intentions to use technology in teaching, and their influence on behaviours by applying and elaborating Ajzen’s TPB, a widely applied model for investigating social behaviour.

Findings
– The elaborated TPB model was found to be a marginally fitting model in predicting and explaining intention and behaviour. The model explained only 17 per cent of variance in intention and 13 per cent in use of technology. Teacher’s use of technology in teaching was predicted by intention and perceived behavioural control (PBC); and intention was predicted by attitude towards the technology and PBC. Subjective norms made weak prediction on intention. The TPB model of direct factors explained 25 per cent of variance in intention and 16 per cent in use of technology.

Originality/value
– This study takes a theoretical modelling approach, based on a survey assessing psychological variables (such as teachers’ beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions) to explain teachers’ technology use in the classroom. The theoretical approach of this study is new within studies of computer technology use, which have normally been limited to reporting user demographic characteristics and/or factors influencing its use among users. This study attempted to develop measurement models that might be replicated by other researchers interested in the influencing factors for teachers’ technology use in education.
Benchmarking Optical/Thermal Satellite Imagery for Estimating Evapotranspiration and Soil Moisture in Decision Support Tools
Authors: Hendrickx Jan M.H. , Allen Richard G. , Brower Al , Byrd Aaron R. , Hong Sung‐ho , Ogden Fred L. , Pradhan Nawa Raj , Robison Clarence W. , Toll David , Trezza Ricardo , Umstot Todd G. , Wilson John L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGenerally, one expects evapotranspiration (ET) maps derived from optical/thermal Landsat and MODIS satellite imagery to improve decision support tools and lead to superior decisions regarding water resources management. However, there is lack of supportive evidence to accept or reject this expectation. We “benchmark” three existing hydrologic decision support tools with the following benchmarks: annual ET for the ET Toolbox developed by the United States Bureau of Reclamation, predicted rainfall‐runoff hydrographs for the Gridded Surface/Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis model developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the average annual groundwater recharge for the Distributed Parameter Watershed Model used by Daniel B. Stephens & Associates. The conclusion of this benchmark study is that the use of NASA/USGS optical/thermal satellite imagery can considerably improve hydrologic decision support tools compared to their traditional implementations. The benefits of improved decision making, resulting from more accurate results of hydrologic support systems using optical/thermal satellite imagery, should substantially exceed the costs for acquiring such imagery and implementing the remote sensing algorithms. In fact, the value of reduced error in estimating average annual groundwater recharge in the San Gabriel Mountains, California alone, in terms of value of water, may be as large as $1 billion, more than sufficient to pay for one new Landsat satellite.
A Unified Bayesian Semiparametric Approach to Assess Discrimination Ability in Survival Analysis
Authors: Zhao Lili , Feng Dai , Chen Guoan , Taylor Jeremy M. G. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe discriminatory ability of a marker for censored survival data is routinely assessed by the time-dependent ROC curve and the c-index. The time-dependent ROC curve evaluates the ability of a biomarker to predict whether a patient lives past a particular time t. The c-index measures the global concordance of the marker and the survival time regardless of the time point. We propose a Bayesian semiparametric approach to estimate these two measures. The proposed estimators are based on the conditional distribution of the survival time given the biomarker and the empirical biomarker distribution. The conditional distribution is estimated by a linear-dependent Dirichlet process mixture model. The resulting ROC curve is smooth as it is estimated by a mixture of parametric functions. The proposed c-index estimator is shown to be more efficient than the commonly used Harrell's c-index since it uses all pairs of data rather than only informative pairs. The proposed estimators are evaluated through simulations and illustrated using a lung cancer dataset.
Bidirectional crosstalk via IL‐6, PGE2and PGD2between murine myofibroblasts and alternatively activated macrophages enhances anti‐inflammatory phenotype in both cells
Authors: Fernando Maria R , Giembycz Mark A , McKay Derek M 
Published: December 2015

Background and PurposeAlternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) are important cells in the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. We examined the impact of myofibroblasts, a vital cell in wound healing and tissue repair, on the development and function of AAMs.Experimental ApproachThe interaction between AAMs and myofibroblasts was tested using conditioned medium from murine dermal myofibroblasts and bone marrow‐derived macrophages. AAMs were differentiated with IL‐4 and IL‐13.Key ResultsConditioned medium from myofibroblasts enhanced the expression of AAM markers, arginase 1 and Ym1 (chitinase‐3‐like 3) and the spontaneous production of IL‐10, while suppressing LPS‐induced nitric oxide production. IL‐6 from the myofibroblasts contributed to the amplification of the AAM phenotype; the selective COX‐2 inhibitor, NS‐398, significantly reduced the ability of myofibroblasts to promote an AAM phenotype. Pharmacological analyses indicated that myofibroblast‐derived IL‐6 enhanced arginase activity and spontaneous IL‐10 output, while PGE2, via the EP4receptor, enhanced arginase expression and LPS‐evoked IL‐10 production. PGD2suppressed LPS‐evoked nitric oxide via the DP1receptor. Reciprocally, conditioned medium from macrophages treated with IL‐4 + IL‐13 and myofibroblast conditioned medium components, but not macrophages given IL‐4 + IL‐13 only, reduced myofibroblast migration, the expression of COX‐2, and the production of PGE2and PGD2.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese findings define mechanisms by which myofibroblasts enhance an AAM phenotype, which can promote wound healing directly, and/or via feedback communication to the myofibroblast, subsequently down‐regulating its capacity to promote AAM function. This is an important homeostatic regulatory pathway in wound healing that can also limit unwanted fibrosis.
The Esthetic Effect of Veneered Zirconia Abutments for Single‐Tooth Implant Reconstructions: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Thoma Daniel S , Brandenberg Francine , Fehmer Vincent , Knechtle Nathalie , Hämmerle Christoph HF , Sailer Irena 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurposeThe purposes of this study were to test whether or not veneering of the submucosal part of zirconia abutments can positively influence the esthetic outcome compared with nonveneered zirconia abutments; to evaluate the influence of the mucosal thickness on the esthetic outcomes of the veneered and nonveneered abutments; and to evaluate the thickness of the peri‐implant mucosa compared with the thickness of the gingiva of contralateral tooth sites.Materials and MethodsForty‐four single‐tooth implants in 44 patients were randomly restored with either cemented (CR) or screw‐retained (SR) reconstructions based on white zirconia abutments (CR‐W, SR‐W) or pink‐veneered zirconia abutments (CR‐P, SR‐P). Esthetic outcome measurements were performed based on a spectrophotometric evaluation of the peri‐implant mucosal color. In addition, the thickness of the mucosa was measured. A two‐way analysis of variance was conducted to test the effect of veneering (pink vs white) and mucosa thickness (<2 mm vs ≥2 mm) on the calculated color difference ΔE for pooled data of CR and SR reconstructions (p < .05).ResultsAnalyses grouping the sites according to veneering of the abutments and mucosal thickness demonstrated less discoloration for sites with a veneered abutment irrespective of the mucosal thickness: ΔE 4.50 ± 1.93 (<2 mm) and ΔE 6.88 ± 2.45 (≥2 mm); CR‐P, SR‐P) compared with sites without veneering ΔE 9.72 ± 3.82 (<2 mm; CR‐W, SR‐W) and ΔE 8.31 ± 2.98 (≥2 mm). The differences between veneered and nonveneered abutments were significant (p = .032).ConclusionsVeneering of zirconia abutments with pink veneering ceramic positively influenced the peri‐implant mucosal color.
Country of Origin Labeling and Structural Change in U.S. Imports of Canadian Cattle and Beef
Authors: Twine Edgar E. , Rude James , Unterschultz Jim 
Published: December 2015

Mandatory country of origin labeling (COOL) has become a thorny issue in U.S.–Canada bilateral trade relations. We undertake an ex post investigation of the impact of the law on U.S. imports of Canadian beef, feeder, and fed cattle. Using a partial equilibrium framework, we derive U.S. import demand equations for Canadian cattle and beef, and employ the Bai and Perron (1998, 2003) procedure for detecting multiple structural breaks with break points being endogenously determined. We find evidence that COOL may have caused significant structural change in U.S. imports of Canadian feeder and fed cattle.L’étiquetage du pays d'origine obligatoire est devenu un sujet épineux des relations commerciales entre le Canada et les États‐Unis. Dans la présente étude, nous effectuons une analyse ex post des répercussions de la Loi sur les importations américaines de viande de bœuf, de bovins d'engraissement et de bovins finis. À l'aide d'un modèle d’équilibre partiel, nous avons dérivé des équations de demande d'importation de bovins et de viande de bœuf de la part des États‐Unis et nous avons utilisé les tests de Bai et Perron (1998, 2003) pour déceler les ruptures structurelles multiples, dont les points de rupture ont été déterminés de façon endogène. Les résultats de notre étude montrent que l’étiquetage du pays d'origine peut avoir causé un changement structurel considérable sur les importations de bovins d'engraissement et de bovins finis.
Foraging and Calling Behavior of Carolina chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) in Response to the Head Orientation of Potential Predators
Authors: Freeberg Todd M. , Book D. L. , Weiner Rebecca L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWhen animals detect predators they modify their behavior to avoid predation. However, less is known about whether prey species modify their behavior in response to predator body and behavioral cues. Recent studies indicated that tufted titmice, a small songbird, decreased their foraging behavior and increased their calling rates when they detected a potential predator facing toward a feeder they were using, compared to a potential predator facing away from that feeder. Here, we tested whether related Carolina chickadees, Poecile carolinensis, were also sensitive not just to the presence of a predator model, but to its facial/head orientation. Although chickadees are closely related to titmice, recent studies in different populations suggest chickadees respond to risky contexts involving predators differently than titmice. We conducted two field studies near feeders the birds were exploiting. In Study One, a mask‐wearing human observer stood near the feeder. In Study Two, a model of a domestic cat was positioned near the feeder. In both studies, the potential threatening stimulus either faced toward or faced away from the feeder. Chickadees avoided the feeder more in both studies when the potential predator was present, and showed strongest feeder avoidance when the potential predator faced toward the feeder. Chickadee calling behavior was also affected by the facial orientation of the potential predator in Study 1. These results suggest that, like titmice, chickadees exhibit predation‐risk‐sensitive foraging and calling behavior, in relation to facial and head orientation of potential threats. These small birds seem to attend to the likely visual space of potential predators. Sensitivity to predator cues like behavior and body posture must become more central to our theories and models of anti‐predator behavioral systems.
Is Foraging Time Limited During Winter? – A Feeding Experiment with Tree Sparrows Under Different Predation Risk
Authors: Mónus Ferenc , Barta Zoltán 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSmall passerines are faced with a trade‐off when foraging during winter. Increasing energy reserves makes them more vulnerable to predators, while a low level of reserves exposes them to a high risk of starvation. Whether small birds under these circumstances are allowed to reduce their foraging activity under increased predation risk, for example in feeding sites more exposed to predators, remains controversial in former behavioural and ecological researches. In this study, we investigated the foraging activity of free‐living Tree Sparrow Passer montanus flocks feeding on an artificial feeding platform. The predation risk perceived by the sparrows was manipulated by placing the platform either close to or far from a bushy shelter. Foraging activity, assessed as cumulative activity of sparrows per unit time on the platform, did not differ between the low‐risk and the high‐risk conditions and did not significantly change during the day. Feeding efficiency, assessed as pecking rate, was not either reduced under the high‐risk condition. Our results suggest that sparrows were forced to feed almost continuously during the day in order to maintain their preferred level of energy reserves. However, several behavioural changes helped sparrows to adopt a safer foraging policy when feeding far from cover, as we found in another study. Altogether, sparrow flocks feeding far from cover decreased the overall foraging time (the time when any sparrow stayed on the platform) by approximately 20% as compared to the near cover condition. A possible way to maintain the same level of foraging activity despite of the reduction in overall foraging time is discussed.
Male Success in Intrasexual Contests Extends to the Level of Sperm Competition in a Species of Dung Roller Beetle
Authors: Chamorro‐Florescano Ivette A. , Favila Mario E. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractContests between males fighting over limited resources often determine the reproductive success of the contestants. It is possible that the outcomes of such contests are affected by traits that also contribute to the likelihood of males achieving paternity when sperm from multiple males compete to fertilize the ova of a single female; however, this relationship has been poorly characterized. In dung and carrion roller beetles, contests among males for the possession of a food ball – a vital resource for nesting – are frequent in nature. However, females that roll and nest with a male often store the sperm of previous mates, forcing males to engage in sperm competition. We analyzed the relationship between wins and losses in contests between food ball owner males and subsequent paternity success in the carrion roller beetle Canthon cyanellus using both naïve (virgin) and experienced (previously mated) males. Owner males that initiated contests were more likely to win, and contest durations were longer between experienced owner males than between naïve owners. The paternity of the winner owner males nesting with a female that had previously mated with another male was higher than for loser owner males, and the paternity of experienced owners also tended to be higher than for virgin owners. Our results indicate that winning and being an experienced male are associated with greater success at fighting and sperm competition than losing and being a naïve male.
Match–Mismatch Experiments Using Photoperiod Expose Developmental Plasticity of Personality Traits
Authors: Finkemeier Marie‐Antonine , Trillmich Fritz , Guenther Anja 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBehavioural differences between individuals are often found to be consistent across contexts and/or over time, although recent studies suggest that ontogenetic processes and learning might influence personality. During ontogeny, environmental influences may play an important role in shaping an individual's personality as well as its physiology. Seasonal changes are ubiquitous and known to influence development. To study developmental plasticity, of behaviour and physiology in the wild cavy (Cavia aperea), we manipulated the photoperiod in a fully crossed match–mismatch design by simulating spring and autumn photoperiod until weaning and subsequently moving half of the animals into the mismatching photoperiod. We found developmental plasticity in behavioural and physiological traits before and after sexual maturation for growth, resting metabolic rate and fearlessness. For fearlessness, changes in response to the opposite photoperiod were more pronounced in males than in females. Exploration and boldness were only influenced by early, but not by late photoperiod. No sex differences were found for these two traits. Even though our treatment changed average trait expression, some behavioural traits proved consistent over time, but physiological traits were not. Fearlessness was consistent only in animals that did not change photoperiod during development, whereas exploration and boldness were consistent over time regardless of photoperiodic treatment. Our study shows that in response to a change in photoperiod personality traits differ substantially in developmental plasticity.
Consumers' willingness to pay for conventional, organic and functional yogurt: evidence from experimental auctions
Authors: Vecchio Riccardo , Van Loo Ellen J. , Annunziata Azzurra 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis research is aimed at investigating consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for conventional, organic and functional yogurts in two different information treatments. The basic information treatment provided respondents with yogurts labelled conventional, organic or functional while the second treatment included additional information. To elicit values for these specific products, 100 Italian consumers participated in an experimental auction using the Vickrey fifth‐price sealed‐bid mechanism. Findings reveal that providing additional information through a specific health claim increases consumer's perceived value of the functional yogurt, while for the organic counterpart additional information on organic regulation does not add much to the premium. Moreover, our study shows that specific socio‐demographic variables (as gender, age, presence of kids in the household and the need to follow a specific diet) positively affect WTP for functional and organic yogurts.
Der Einfluß der Zahmheit auf die sogenannte „tierische Hypnose” bei Vögeln1
Authors: Steiniger Fritz 
Published: December 2015

ZusammenfassungJunge Sturmmöwen, die im Freiland eine starke Neigung zum spontanen Annehmen des als Reaktionshemmung bezeichneten Zustandes an den Tag legen, geben diese Neigung in kurzer Zeit auf, wenn sie eingefangen und gezähmt werden. Dies ist in dem Sinne zu verstehen, daß der psychologisch oder physiologisch gesehene Angstzustand der Tiere, der den Eintritt der Reaktionshemmung bedingt, nach der Zähmung durch die Annäherung eines Menschen nicht mehr ausgelöst wird. Die Ansicht von Masarky, man könne bei der Untersuchung der Reaktionshemmung alle tierpsychologischen Überlegungen ausscbalten, ist demnach uuzutreffend.