bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presurgical Biomarker Performance in the Detection of Gleason Upgrading in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wittig Kristina , Yamzon Johnathan L. , Smith David D. , Jeske Daniel R. , Smith Steven S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background: Gleason Score (GS) upgrading is generally considered a trigger for exit to definitive treatment during active surveillance (AS). Predicting the potential for GS upgrading would be of value in assessing AS eligibility.
Methods: We assessed the performance of biomarkers in presurgical specimens of expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) in this setting.
Results: Although EPS volume, total recovered RNA, and RNA expression biomarkers (TMPRSS2: ERG, PCA3, PSA) have been successful in both biopsy outcome prediction, and in the prediction of upstaging in active surveillance eligible patients, they were unable to predict upgrading in patients eligible for active surveillance under National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines.
Conclusions: These biomarkers do not improve the prediction of upgrading over indications from standard clinical parameters.
Impact: Additional biomarkers will be needed in this area. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(12); 1643–5. ©2016 AACR.
A Threshold of Systemic MAGE-A Gene Expression Predicting Survival in Resected Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Mecklenburg Ingo , Sienel Wulf , Schmid Severin , Passlick Bernward , Kufer Peter 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Quantitative measurement of minimal residual disease predicting recurrence in individual cancer patients is available only in very few indications, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but is still missing in most solid tumors, including non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Experimental Design: MAGE-A expression levels in blood and bone marrow determined as calibrator-normalized relative ratios by quantitative multimarker real-time RT-PCR for transcript amplification of MAGE-A1, -A2, -A3/6, -A4, -A10, and -A12 in 94 patients with completely resected NSCLC were correlated with survival in a clinical study.
Results: Patients with MAGE-A expression levels ≥0.2 in at least one sample of bone marrow or blood at tumor surgery had a significantly reduced overall (P = 0.007), cancer-free (P = 0.002), and distant metastasis–free survival (P &lt; 0.001) versus patients below 0.2 in all samples without significant difference in locoregional recurrence–free survival. The corresponding HRs (≥0.2 vs. &lt;0.2) for death, cancer-related death, and development of distant metastasis were 2.56 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.42–4.63], 3.32 (95% CI, 1.66–6.61), and 4.03 (95% CI, 1.77–9.18), respectively. Five-year Kaplan–Meier estimates of distant metastasis–free survival were 43% (MAGE-A ≥ 0.2) versus 87% (MAGE-A &lt; 0.2).
Conclusions: MAGE-A expression in blood or bone marrow at tumor surgery is an independent predictor of survival in resected NSCLC. The reliable prediction of distant metastasis in individual patients with a statistically proven impact on overall survival may help to refine patient selection for adjuvant therapy urgently needed, especially in the clinical management of elderly patients. Clin Cancer Res; 23(5); 1213–9. ©2016 AACR.
Development and Validation of a Sudden Cardiac Death Prediction Model for the General Population
Authors: Deo Rajat , Norby Faye L. , Katz Ronit , Sotoodehnia Nona , Adabag Selcuk , DeFilippi Christopher R. , Kestenbaum Bryan , Chen Lin Y. , Heckbert Susan R. , Folsom Aaron R. , Kronmal Richard A. , Konety Suma , Patton Kristen K. , Siscovick David , Shlipak Michael G. , Alonso Alvaro 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Most sudden cardiac death (SCD) events occur in the general population among persons who do not have any prior history of clinical heart disease. We sought to develop a predictive model of SCD among US adults.

Methods:
We evaluated a series of demographic, clinical, laboratory, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic measures in participants in the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) (n=13 677) and the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) (n=4207) who were free of baseline cardiovascular disease. Our initial objective was to derive a SCD prediction model using the ARIC cohort and validate it in CHS. Independent risk factors for SCD were first identified in the ARIC cohort to derive a 10-year risk model of SCD. We compared the prediction of SCD with non-SCD and all-cause mortality in both the derivation and validation cohorts. Furthermore, we evaluated whether the SCD prediction equation was better at predicting SCD than the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Cardiovascular Disease Pooled Cohort risk equation.

Results:

There were a total of 345 adjudicated SCD events in our analyses, and the 12 independent risk factors in the ARIC study included age, male sex, black race, current smoking, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, diabetes mellitus, serum potassium, serum albumin, high-density lipoprotein, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and QT
c
interval. During a 10-year follow-up period, a model combining these risk factors showed good to excellent discrimination for SCD risk (c-statistic 0.820 in ARIC and 0.745 in CHS). The SCD prediction model was slightly better in predicting SCD than the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Pooled Cohort risk equations (c-statistic 0.808 in ARIC and 0.743 in CHS). Only the SCD prediction model, however, demonstrated similar and accurate prediction for SCD using both the original, uncalibrated score and the recalibrated equation. Finally, in the echocardiographic subcohort, a left ventricular ejection fraction <50% was present in only 1.1% of participants and did not enhance SCD prediction.

Conclusions:
Our study is the first to derive and validate a generalizable risk score that provides well-calibrated, absolute risk estimates across different risk strata in an adult population of white and black participants without a clinical diagnosis of cardiovascular disease.
Predictability and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification Deduced from High-Resolution Stochastic Ensembles
Authors: Judt Falko , Chen Shuyi S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclones (TCs) remains one of the most challenging issues in TC prediction. This study investigates the predictability of RI, the uncertainty in predicting RI timing, and the dynamical processes associated with RI. To address the question of environmental versus internal control of RI, five high-resolution ensembles of Hurricane Earl (2010) were generated with scale-dependent stochastic perturbations from synoptic to convective scales. Although most members undergo RI and intensify into major hurricanes, the timing of RI is highly uncertain. While environmental conditions including SST control the maximum TC intensity and the likelihood of RI during the TC lifetime, both environmental and internal factors contribute to uncertainty in RI timing. Complex interactions among environmental vertical wind shear, the mean vortex, and internal convective processes govern the TC intensification process and lead to diverse pathways to maturity. Although the likelihood of Earl undergoing RI seems to be predictable, the exact timing of RI has a stochastic component and low predictability.Despite RI timing uncertainty, two dominant modes of RI emerged. One group of members undergoes RI early in the storm life cycle; the other one later. In the early RI cases, a rapidly contracting radius of maximum wind accompanies the development of the eyewall during RI. The late RI cases have a well-developed eyewall prior to RI, while an upper-level warm core forms during the RI process. These differences indicate that RI is associated with distinct physical processes during particular stages of the TC life cycle.
Fatal ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in an anonymous egg donor
Authors: Pooniya Shashank , Behera C , Mridha AR , Bhardwaj DN , Millo Tabin 
Published: August 2016

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is a rare, but potentially life-threatening iatrogenic disorder arising from ovulation induction or ovarian hyperstimulation for assisted reproduction techniques. We report a case of a 26-year-old multiparous woman, an anonymous egg donor, who died a few hours after undergoing a procedure to donate eggs at an in vitro fertilization clinic. Her husband alleged that medical negligence had led to her death. The autopsy confirmed death due to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. We know of no previous descriptions of fatal ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in an anonymous egg donor in medico-legal literature.
Historical Memory at El Salvador’s Museo de la Palabra y la Imagen
Authors: Sierra Becerra Diana Carolina 
Published: August 2016

The civil war in El Salvador (1980–1992) resulted in the death of approximately 75,000 people, the vast majority killed by state and paramilitary forces. In the postwar era, the Museo de la Palabra y la Imagen in San Salvador promotes historical memory in order to denounce state violence and advance social justice. It departs from the historic role of museums in upholding ruling-class hegemony and offers a progressive model for disseminating and critically engaging with historical memory. This museum makes history relevant to younger generations through the use of oral history, popular pedagogy, and innovative engagement strategies. However, its impact is limited by neoliberal atomization and relatively low levels of grassroots mobilization—common obstacles faced by popular education initiatives around the world. La guerra civil en el El Salvador (1980–1992) causó la muerte de aproximadamente 75,000 personas, la mayoría asesinadas por el Estado y las fuerzas paramilitares. En la posguerra, el Museo de la Palabra y la Imagen en San Salvador promueve la memoria histórica para denunciar la violencia del Estado e impulsar la justicia social. Se aparta, entonces, del papel histórico de los museos como defensores de la hegemonía de la clase dominante al usar un modelo progresista para diseminar y examinar de forma crítica la memoria histórica. Por medio del uso de la historia oral, la pedagogía popular y varias estrategias de participación innovadoras, el museo trata de que la historia sea algo relevante para las generaciones más jóvenes. Sin embargo, su impacto es limitado debido a la atomización neoliberal y a los niveles relativamente bajos de movilización popular –obstáculos que comparte con otras iniciativas de educación popular alrededor del mundo.
Indigenous Peoples, Social Movements, and the Legacy of Hugo Chávez’s Governments
Authors: Angosto-Ferrández Luis F. 
Published: August 2016

The unprecedented enfranchisement of Venezuela’s indigenous population is partly a result of the formation of a state-sponsored indigenous movement. This movement prioritizes access to social services, economic development, and political participation in state structures over certain goals of free determination. Other forms of collective action with different priorities are evidence of the existence of diverging interests and goals among indigenous people. These divergences are a reflection of the way in which the indigenous population partakes in the shaping of contemporary Venezuelan politics. La inclusión social de las comunidades indígenas de Venezuela no tiene precedentes y se debe, en parte, a la formación de movimientos indígenas auspiciados por el estado. Estos movimientos le dan prioridad al acceso a los servicios sociales, al desarrollo económico y a la participación política en las estructuras estatales por encima de ciertas metas de libre determinación. Otras formas de acción colectiva con prioridades diferentes revelan la presencia/existencia de intereses y objetivos divergentes entre las comunidades indígenas. Estas diferencias son un reflejo de la manera en que las poblaciones indígenas participan en la formación de la política venezolana contemporánea.
Pushing through: Mental health consumers' experiences of an individual placement and support employment programme
Authors: Coombes Kate , Haracz Kirsti , Robson Emma , James Carole 
Published: August 2016

Introduction Individual placement and support is recognized as current best practice vocational rehabilitation for people living with a severe mental illness. This study aimed to provide insight into the consumer perspective of factors that impact the success of an individual placement and support programme in Australia. Method A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with five participants. Participants were diagnosed with a severe mental illness and were engaged with an individual placement supported employment programme in one area health service in New South Wales, Australia. Data analysis was conducted using grounded theory methods. Results Analysis revealed the core category of pushing through, a three-step process that involved experiencing discomfort, learning to adapt, and getting into a groove. Pushing through described the participants' direct experience of individual placement and support, as well as their management of their health and ability to cope with everyday practicalities and relationships while engaged in the programme. Conclusions The participants in this study described their experiences of being involved in an individual placement and support programme as being characterized by a process of pushing through. The participants' actions and experiences at each stage of this process provide cues for more tailored support within individual placement and support to meet changing needs.
Transcutaneous calf-muscle electro-stimulation: A prospective treatment for diabetic claudicants?
Authors: Ellul Christian , Gatt Alfred 
Published: August 2016

Background: First-line therapy for claudicants with diabetes include supervised exercise programmes to improve walking distance. However, exercise comes with a number of barriers and may be contraindicated in certain conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether calf-muscle electro-stimulation improves claudication distance. Method: A prospective, one-group, pretest–posttest study design was employed on 40 participants living with type 2 diabetes mellitus, peripheral artery disease (ankle-brachial pressure index < 0.90) and calf-muscle claudication. Calf-muscle electro-stimulation of varying frequencies (1–250 Hz) was applied on both ischaemic limbs ( N = 80) for 1 h per day for 12 consecutive weeks. The absolute claudication distance was measured at baseline and following the intervention. Results: The cohort ( n = 40; 30 males; mean age = 71 years; mean ankle-brachial pressure index = 0.70) registered a mean baseline absolute claudication distance of 333.71 m (standard deviation = 208). Following 91.68 days (standard deviation = 6.23) of electrical stimulation, a significant mean increase of 137 m (standard deviation = 136) in the absolute claudication distance was registered ( p = 0.000, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Conclusion: Electrical stimulation of varying low to high frequencies on ischaemic calf muscles significantly increased the maximal walking capacity in claudicants with type 2 diabetes. This therapeutic approach may be considered in patients with impaired exercise tolerance or as an adjunct treatment modality.
Distal transfers as a primary treatment in obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a series of 20 cases
Authors: Ghanghurde B. A. , Mehta R. , Ladkat K. M. , Raut B. B. , Thatte M. R. 
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the results of spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve (with or without axillary nerve neurotization) and an Oberlin transfer as primary treatment in children with Narakas type I obstetric brachial plexus injuries, when parents refused to consent to conventional nerve trunk-/root-level reconstruction. A total of 20 children with poor shoulder abduction and no biceps antigravity function but with good hand function were treated with spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve and an Oberlin transfer at a mean age of 5.8 months (SD 3.27; range 3–12.) All the patients were evaluated at a mean of 2.8 years (SD 0.8; range 1.5 to 3.8) post-operatively. Three patients were lost to follow-up. Of the remainder, 11 had grade 4+ power of elbow flexion and six patients had grade 4 power at 1 year follow-up; all had 4+ power of elbow flexion at final follow-up. At final follow-up the Mallet score was a mean of 15; (SD 4.22, range 9 to 20). Primary distal nerve transfers can give good outcomes in patients with obstetric brachial plexus injuries and may be an alternative to surgery on the nerve trunks Level of evidence: IV
Cognitive assessment at bedside for iPad: A preliminary validation of a novel cognitive test for stroke patients
Authors: Willer Lasse , Pedersen Palle Møller , Forchhammer Hysse B , Christensen Hanne 
Published: August 2016

Introduction Cognitive impairments are frequent in stroke. Cognitive testing is important for research, prognostication and planning in sub-acute stroke, but poses difficulties due to aphasia, hemineglect, hemiplegia and fatigue. We present the first steps towards a validation of a novel iPad-based test battery: Cognitive Assessment at Bedside for iPad (CABPad). Patients and methods Stroke patients and age matched healthy controls were tested with CABPad including tests for aphasia, neglect, episodic memory, attention span, executive function, working memory, mental speed, anosognosia, motor speed and depression. A re-test was performed after 1 month. Furthermore, a group of stroke patients was tested with CABPad and traditional neuropsychological tests. Results Fifty-four patients and 48 healthy controls were included in the first phase. Fifty-three patients (98%) were able to complete at least one test and 50 (92%) all tests at the first test point. Mean test duration in patients was 39 min (range 30–60). We found significant differences in test results at baseline between the two groups. Episodic memory mean difference: 8.5 (95% confidence interval: 4.3, 12.7). Symbol Digit Coding mean difference: 16.3 (95% confidence interval: 10.8, 21.7). The second phase included 16 patients. We found adequate to excellent correlation in the majority of the tests. The CABPad Speech Comprehension test and the Auditory Word Recognition subtest of the Western Aphasia Battery correlated with r = 0.82, p < 0.001. Conclusion CABPad is useful for cognitive testing in stroke patients. It is easy to use for the examiner and patients alike. Immobile patients can be tested at bedside, irrespectively of upper extremity paresis, and the assessment can be performed in a relatively short timespan.
The initiator methionine tRNA drives cell migration and invasion leading to increased metastatic potential in melanoma
Authors: Birch Joanna , Clarke Cassie J. , Campbell Andrew D. , Campbell Kirsteen , Mitchell Louise , Liko Dritan , Kalna Gabriela , Strathdee Douglas , Sansom Owen J. , Neilson Matthew , Blyth Karen , Norman Jim C. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The cell's repertoire of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) has been linked to cancer. Recently, the level of the initiator methionine tRNA (tRNAiMet) in stromal fibroblasts has been shown to influence extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion to drive tumour growth and angiogenesis. Here we show that increased tRNAiMet within cancer cells does not influence tumour growth, but drives cell migration and invasion via a mechanism that is independent from ECM synthesis and dependent on α5β1 integrin and levels of the translation initiation ternary complex. In vivo and ex vivo migration (but not proliferation) of melanoblasts is significantly enhanced in transgenic mice which express additional copies of the tRNAiMet gene. We show that increased tRNAiMet in melanoma drives migratory, invasive behaviour and metastatic potential without affecting cell proliferation and primary tumour growth, and that expression of RNA polymerase III-associated genes (which drive tRNA expression) are elevated in metastases by comparison with primary tumours. Thus, specific alterations to the cancer cell tRNA repertoire drive a migration/invasion programme that may lead to metastasis.
Cardiotoxic drugs Herceptin and doxorubicin inhibit cardiac microvascular endothelial cell barrier formation resulting in increased drug permeability
Authors: Wilkinson Emma L. , Sidaway James E. , Cross Michael J. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Cardiotoxicity induced by anti-cancer therapeutics is a severe, and potentially fatal, adverse reaction of the heart in response to certain drugs. Current in vitro approaches to assess cardiotoxicity have focused on analysing cardiomyocytes. More recently it has become apparent that non-cardiomyocyte cells of the heart can potentially contribute to cardiotoxicity. Herceptin and doxorubicin are known to induce cardiotoxicity in the clinic. The effect of these drugs on the endothelial tight junction barrier was tested by analysing tight junction formation and zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) levels, revealing that Herceptin and doxorubicin are able to induce barrier perturbment and decrease barrier function in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) leading to increased permeability. Herceptin treatment had no effect on the tight junction barrier function in human dermal and human brain microvascular endothelial cells. HCMECs showed detectable levels of HER2 compared with the other endothelial cells suggesting that Herceptin binding to HER2 in these cells may interfere with tight junction formation. Our data suggests that doxorubicin and Herceptin can affect tight junction formation in the cardiac microvasculature leading to increased drug permeability and adverse effects on the cardiac myocytes.
A OPINIÃO PÚBLICA SOBRE CRIMES CORPORATIVOS: O QUE PENSAM OS ESTUDANTES DE CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO DA ÁREA DE NEGÓCIOS
Authors: Borges Sabrina Rafaela Pereira , Medeiros Cintia Rodrigues de Oliveira , Biase Nadia Giaretta , Valadão Júnior Valdir Machado 
Published: August 2016

Esta pesquisa aborda a opinião pública sobre os crimes e ilegalidades corporativas. É possível que atuais estudantes da área de negócios, no exercício futuro da função de gestores, enfrentem situações que demandem decisões, muitas vezes, com consequências danosas, o que exige uma postura ética e reflexiva acerca das condutas a serem tomadas, bem como de suas consequências. O objetivo desta pesquisa é caracterizar a opinião dos estudantes de graduação na área de negócios a respeito dos crimes corporativos, buscando compreender o que impulsiona as atuais opiniões desse público sobre questões importantes associadas ao tema. Esta é uma pesquisa de natureza quantitativa, realizada por meio de um questionário estruturado. Os resultados apontam que, em geral, há um nível médio de conhecimento dos estudantes sobre esta temática e, em relação à gravidade dos crimes corporativos, os estudantes consideram o “uso de mão de obra infantil e trabalho escravo” como aquele de maior gravidade em relação aos outros crimes e ilegalidades corporativas. Ainda, evidenciou-se que os pesquisados consideram os crimes de rua mais graves do que os crimes corporativos.