bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and in-use evaluation of a novel Luminex MicroPlex microsphere-based (TRIOL) assay for simultaneous identification ofMycobacterium tuberculosisand detection of first-line and second-line anti-tuberculous drug resistance in China
Authors: Yin Feifei , Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo , Zhu Qixuan , Fu Ruijia , Chen Jonathan Hon-Kwan , Choi Garnet Kwan-Yue , Tee Kah-Meng , Li Lihua , Qian Shiuyun , Yam Wing-Cheong , Lu Gang , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: September 2016

AimsRapid and accurate diagnostic assays with simultaneous microbial identification and drug resistance detection are essential for optimising treatment and control of tuberculosis.MethodsWe developed a novel multiplex (TRIOL, Tuberculosis-Rifampicin-Isoniazid-Ofloxacin-Luminex) assay using the Luminex xMAP system that simultaneously identifiesMycobacterium tuberculosisand detects resistance to first-line and second-line anti-tuberculous drugs, and compared its performance with that by PCR sequencing, using phenotypic drug susceptibility testing as the gold standard.ResultsIdentification ofM. tuberculosisby the TRIOL assay was highly sensitive (100%) and specific (100%). The overall drug-specific specificities were excellent (100%). The overall sensitivity of the TRIOL assay was lower than that of the PCR-sequencing assays (72.4% vs 82.8%) because of a lower sensitivity of detecting rifampicin resistance (71.4% vs 92.9%). The sensitivity of detecting isoniazid and ofloxacin resistance was as good as the PCR-sequencing assays. Importantly, the TRIOL assay did not miss any mutations that were included in the assay. All of the resistant isolates that were missed had uncommon mutations or unknown resistance mechanisms that were not included in the assay.ConclusionsThe TRIOL assay has higher throughput, lower cost and is less labour intensive than the PCR-sequencing assays. The TRIOL assay is advantageous in having the capability to detect resistance to multiple drugs and an open-architecture system that allows addition of more specific primers to detect uncommon mutations. Inclusion of additional primers for the identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria, spoligotyping and improvement of rifampicin resistance detection would enhance the use of the TRIOL assay in future clinical and epidemiological studies.
Selection of helical braided flow diverter stents based on hemodynamic performance and mechanical properties
Authors: Suzuki Takashi , Takao Hiroyuki , Fujimura Soichiro , Dahmani Chihebeddine , Ishibashi Toshihiro , Mamori Hiroya , Fukushima Naoya , Yamamoto Makoto , Murayama Yuichi 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAlthough flow diversion is a promising procedure for the treatment of aneurysms, complications have been reported and it remains poorly understood. The occurrence of adverse outcomes is known to depend on both the mechanical properties and flow reduction effects of the flow diverter stent.ObjectiveTo clarify the possibility of designing a flow diverter stent considering both hemodynamic performance and mechanical properties.Materials and methodsComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted based on an ideal aneurysm model with flow diverters. Structural analyses of two flow diverter models exhibiting similar flow reduction effects were performed, and the radial stiffness and longitudinal flexibility were compared.ResultsIn CFD simulations, two stents–Pore2-d35 (26.77° weave angle when fully expanded, 35 μm wire thickness) and Pore3-d50 (36.65°, 50 μm respectively)–demonstrated similar flow reduction rates (68.5% spatial-averaged velocity reduction rate, 85.0% area-averaged wall shear stress reduction rate for Pore2-d35, and 68.6%, 85.4%, respectively, for Pore3-d50). However, Pore3-d50 exhibited greater radial stiffness than Pore2-d35 (40.0 vs 21.0 mN/m at a 3.5 mm outer diameter) and less longitudinal flexibility (0.903 vs 0.104 N·mm bending moments at 90°). These measurements indicate that changing the wire thickness and weave angle allows adjustment of the mechanical properties while maintaining the same degree of flow reduction effects.ConclusionsThe combination of CFD and structural analysis can provide promising solutions for an optimized stent. Stents exhibiting different mechanical properties but the same flow reduction effects could be designed by varying both the weave angle and wire thickness.
The effects of opioids on the endocrine system: an overview
Authors: Ali Koddus , Raphael Jon , Khan Salim , Labib Mourad , Duarte Rui 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOpioids commonly used for pain relief may lead to hypogonadism, which is characterised by suppression of production of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) resulting in inadequate production of sex hormones. The aim of this narrative review was to highlight the effects of opioids on the endocrine system and the development of hypogonadism. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant articles investigating hypogonadism in patients undertaking opioid therapy by using a combination of both indexing and free-text terms. The suppression of GnRH leading to a decrease in sex hormones has been described as the principal mechanism of opioid-induced hypogonadism. However, there is no consensus on the threshold for the clinical diagnosis of hypogonadism. Evidence indicates that chronic opioid use can lead to hypogonadism. Clinicians should be aware of symptomatology associated with hypogonadism and should regularly monitor patients with appropriate laboratory investigations.
Systematic study of diphoton resonance at 750 GeV from sgoldstino
Authors: Ding Ran , Fan Yizhou , Huang Li , Li Chuang , Li Tianjun , Raza Shabbar , Zhu Bin 
Published: September 2016

The ATLAS and CMS Collaborations of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have reported an excess of events in diphoton channel with invariant mass of about 750 GeV. With low energy supersymmetry breaking, we systematically consider the sgoldstino scalar S as the new resonance, which is a linear combination of the CP-even scalar [Formula: see text] and CP-odd pseudoscalar [Formula: see text]. Because we show that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] can be degenerated or have large mass splitting, we consider two cases for all the following three scenarios: (1) Single resonance, [Formula: see text] is the 750 GeV resonance decays to a pair of 1 GeV pseudoscalar [Formula: see text] with suitable decay length, these two [Formula: see text] decay into collimated pair of photons which cannot be distinguished at the LHC and may appear as diphotons instead of four photons. (2) Twin resonances, [Formula: see text] with a mass difference of about 40 GeV and both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] decay into diphoton pairs. For productions, we consider three scenarios: (I) vector-boson fusion; (II) gluon–gluon fusion; (III) [Formula: see text] pair production. In all these scenarios with two kinds of resonances, we find the parameter space that satisfies the diphoton production cross-section from 3 to 13 fb and all the other experimental constraints. And we address the decay width as well. In particular, in the third scenario, we observe that the production cross-section is small but the decay width of [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] can be from 40 to 60 GeV. Even if the 750 GeV diphoton excesses were not confirmed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments, we point out that our proposal can be used to explain the current and future diphoton excesses.
Domain-specific and Domain-general Processing in Left Perisylvian Cortex: Evidence from Russian
Authors: Klimovich-Gray Anastasia , Bozic Mirjana , Marslen-Wilson William D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe processing of words containing inflectional affixes triggers morphophonological parsing and affix-related grammatical information processing. Increased perceptual complexity related to stem-affix parsing is hypothesized to create predominantly domain-general processing demands, whereas grammatical processing primarily implicates domain-specific linguistic demands. Exploiting the properties of Russian morphology and syntax, we designed an fMRI experiment to separate out the neural systems supporting these two demand types, contrasting inflectional complexity, syntactic (phrasal) complexity, and derivational complexity in three comparisons: (a) increase in parsing demands while controlling for grammatical complexity (inflections vs. phrases), (b) increase in grammatical processing demands, and (c) combined demands of morphophonological parsing and grammatical processing (inflections and phrases vs. derivations). Left inferior frontal and bilateral temporal areas are most active when the two demand types are combined, with inflectional and phrasal complexity contrasting strongly with derivational complexity (which generated only bilateral temporal activity). Increased stem-affix parsing demands alone did not produce unique activations, whereas grammatical structure processing activated bilateral superior and middle temporal areas. Selective left frontotemporal language system engagement for short phrases and inflections seems to be driven by simultaneous and interdependent domain-general and domain-specific processing demands.
Local Complementarity of Wind and Solar Energy Resources over Europe: An Assessment Study from a Meteorological Perspective
Authors: Miglietta Mario Marcello , Huld Thomas , Monforti-Ferrario Fabio 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTo assess the possibility of a combined use of solar and wind energy over Europe, a continental-scale dataset, with high spatial and temporal resolution and covering three years of data (2012–14), is analyzed. The 100-m wind is taken from the ECMWF analyses/short-range forecasts. To obtain hourly values of potentially generated electricity, wind is transformed into normalized electricity-generation data by considering a normalized output function representing the most common wind turbines available in the European market. A strong monthly variation is present, showing the maximum potential at high latitudes in winter and shifting to specific areas in the Mediterranean Sea region in summer. Hourly data for solar radiation are extracted from the satellite-retrieval scheme of the Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF). The energy output of photovoltaic systems is calculated by considering the amount of solar radiation that arrives at the surface of the photovoltaic modules. Together with the main functional dependence on latitude, the photovoltaic potential depends also on longitude, as a consequence of the average pressure patterns. Last, the local correlation of wind and solar resources is assessed. For hourly data, a weak anticorrelation prevails in the domain, suggesting a degree of local complementarity of the two sources in many regions. A strong effect from the diurnal cycle is observed in some regions. Also, a significant dependence on the month (higher absolute values in summer) and on the time scale (increase in absolute value with the extension of the time window that is considered for the correlation) is apparent.
The Midlatitude Lower-Stratospheric Mountain Wave “Valve Layer”
Authors: Kruse Christopher G. , Smith Ronald B. , Eckermann Stephen D. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The vertical propagation and attenuation of mountain waves launched by New Zealand terrain during the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) field campaign are investigated. New Zealand mountain waves were frequently attenuated in a lower-stratospheric weak wind layer between z = 15 and 25 km. This layer is termed a “valve layer,” as conditions within this layer (primarily minimum wind speed) control mountain wave momentum flux through it, analogous to a valve controlling mass flux through a pipe. This valve layer is a climatological feature in the wintertime midlatitude lower stratosphere above the subtropical jet.
Mountain wave dynamics within this valve layer are studied using realistic Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulations that were extensively validated against research aircraft, radiosonde, and satellite observations. Locally, wave attenuation is horizontally and vertically inhomogeneous, evidenced by numerous regions with wave-induced low Richardson numbers and potential vorticity generation. WRF-simulated gravity wave drag (GWD) is peaked in the valve layer, and momentum flux transmitted through this layer is well approximated by a cubic function of minimum ambient wind speed within it, consistent with linear saturation theory. Valve-layer GWD within the well-validated WRF simulations was 3–6 times larger than that parameterized within MERRA. Previous research suggests increasing parameterized orographic GWD (performed in MERRA2) decreases the stratospheric polar vortex strength by altering planetary wave propagation and drag. The results reported here suggest carefully increasing orographic GWD is warranted, which may help to ameliorate the common cold-pole problem in chemistry–climate models.
Annual and Interannual Variability of the Tropical Instability Vortices in the Equatorial Eastern Pacific Observed from Lagrangian Surface Drifters
Authors: Zheng Shaojun , Feng Ming , Du Yan , Cheng Xuhua , Li Jiaxun 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This study documents the spatial distributions and temporal variations of anticyclonic eddies with identified radii ≥100 km in the equatorial eastern tropical Pacific Ocean [viz., tropical instability vortices (TIVs)] using Lagrangian surface drifters. The TIVs identified from Lagrangian surface drifters are distributed in a band along 5°N and are closely associated with latitudinal barotropically unstable shear between the westward South Equatorial Current (SEC) and the eastward North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC). Fewer TIVs are identified from February to June when the shear between the SEC and NECC is weak, whereas more TIVs are found from July to January when the shear is enhanced. The number of identified TIVs also exhibits substantial interannual variability, with fewer TIVs identified during El Niño events and more TIVs found during La Niña events. This relationship is likely associated with the interannual variations of the zonal circulation in the equatorial Pacific modulated by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
Early Evolution of the 23–26 September 2012 U.K. Floods: Tropical Storm Nadine and Diabatic Heating due to Cloud Microphysics
Authors: Hardy Sam , Schultz David M. , Vaughan Geraint 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMajor river flooding affected the United Kingdom in late September 2012 as a slow-moving extratropical cyclone brought over 100 mm of rain to a large swath of northern England and north Wales, with local accumulations approaching 200 mm. The cyclone developed on 20–22 September following the interaction between an equatorward-moving potential vorticity (PV) streamer and Tropical Storm Nadine, near the Azores. A plume of tropical moisture was drawn poleward ahead of the PV streamer over a low-level baroclinic zone, allowing deep convection to develop. Convectively driven latent heat release reduced upper-tropospheric PV near the streamer, causing it to fracture and cut off from the reservoir of high PV over the United Kingdom. Simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with 4-km horizontal grid spacing in which microphysical heating and cooling tendencies are set to zero, alongside calculations of instantaneous diabatic heating rates and PV tendencies along trajectories, reveal that deposition heating contributed strongly to the fracturing of the PV streamer into a discrete anomaly by directly reducing upper-tropospheric PV to the streamer’s east. Condensation heating contributed to lower-tropospheric PV generation along the cold front as the cyclone developed, while cooling due to sublimation, evaporation, and melting modified the PV much less strongly. The results of this case study show that the collocation of strong deposition heating with positive absolute vorticity in the upper troposphere can lead to substantial PV modification and a very different cyclone evolution to that when deposition heating is suppressed.
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guideline for the management of deliberate self-harm
Authors: Carter Gregory , Page Andrew , Large Matthew , Hetrick Sarah , Milner Allison Joy , Bendit Nick , Walton Carla , Draper Brian , Hazell Philip , Fortune Sarah , Burns Jane , Patton George , Lawrence Mark , Dadd Lawrence , Robinson Jo , Christensen Helen 
Published: September 2016

Objective: To provide guidance for the organisation and delivery of clinical services and the clinical management of patients who deliberately self-harm, based on scientific evidence supplemented by expert clinical consensus and expressed as recommendations. Method: Articles and information were sourced from search engines including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO for several systematic reviews, which were supplemented by literature known to the deliberate self-harm working group, and from published systematic reviews and guidelines for deliberate self-harm. Information was reviewed by members of the deliberate self-harm working group, and findings were then formulated into consensus-based recommendations and clinical guidance. The guidelines were subjected to successive consultation and external review involving expert and clinical advisors, the public, key stakeholders, professional bodies and specialist groups with interest and expertise in deliberate self-harm. Results: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for deliberate self-harm provide up-to-date guidance and advice regarding the management of deliberate self-harm patients, which is informed by evidence and clinical experience. The clinical practice guidelines for deliberate self-harm is intended for clinical use and service development by psychiatrists, psychologists, physicians and others with an interest in mental health care. Conclusion: The clinical practice guidelines for deliberate self-harm address self-harm within specific population sub-groups and provide up-to-date recommendations and guidance within an evidence-based framework, supplemented by expert clinical consensus.
The Frontal Assessment Battery
Authors: Coen Robert F. , McCarroll Kevin , Casey Miriam , McNulty Helene , Laird Eamon , Molloy Anne M. , Ward M. , Strain J. J. , Hoey Leane , Hughes Catherine , Cunningham Conal J. 
Published: September 2016

Background: The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) is a short battery designed to assess frontal executive functioning, but data for interpretation of performance are limited. Objectives: The Trinity, Ulster, Department of Agriculture (TUDA) study provided the opportunity to derive performance data from a large sample of community-dwelling hospital outpatient or general practitioner (GP) attenders. Methods: Normative analysis based on 2508 TUDA participants meeting these criteria: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) >26/30, not depressed (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression <16) or anxious (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale <8), no history of stroke, or transient ischemic attack. Correlation and regression analyses were used to evaluate the effects of age, education, gender, and general cognition (MMSE). Norms for FAB were created stratified by age and education, using overlapping midpoint ranges of 10 years with a 3-year interval from age 60 to 97. Results: Age and education accounted for 9.6% of variance in FAB score ( r2 = .096) with no significant effect of gender. The FAB and MMSE were modestly correlated ( r = .29, P < .01) with MMSE increasing the model’s total explained variance in FAB score from 9.6% to 14%. Conclusion: This is the largest study to date to create normative data for the FAB. Age and education had the most significant impact on FAB performance, which was largely independent of global cognition (MMSE). These data may be of benefit in interpreting FAB performance in individuals with similar demographic/health status characteristics in hospital outpatient or GP settings.
Automatic classification of registered clinical trials towards the Global Burden of Diseases taxonomy of diseases and injuries
Authors: Atal Ignacio , Zeitoun Jean-David , Névéol Aurélie , Ravaud Philippe , Porcher Raphaël , Trinquart Ludovic 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background
Clinical trial registries may allow for producing a global mapping of health research. However, health conditions are not described with standardized taxonomies in registries. Previous work analyzed clinical trial registries to improve the retrieval of relevant clinical trials for patients. However, no previous work has classified clinical trials across diseases using a standardized taxonomy allowing a comparison between global health research and global burden across diseases. We developed a knowledge-based classifier of health conditions studied in registered clinical trials towards categories of diseases and injuries from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2010 study.
The classifier relies on the UMLS® knowledge source (Unified Medical Language System®) and on heuristic algorithms for parsing data. It maps trial records to a 28-class grouping of the GBD categories by automatically extracting UMLS concepts from text fields and by projecting concepts between medical terminologies. The classifier allows deriving pathways between the clinical trial record and candidate GBD categories using natural language processing and links between knowledge sources, and selects the relevant GBD classification based on rules of prioritization across the pathways found. We compared automatic and manual classifications for an external test set of 2,763 trials. We automatically classified 109,603 interventional trials registered before February 2014 at WHO ICTRP.

Results
In the external test set, the classifier identified the exact GBD categories for 78 % of the trials. It had very good performance for most of the 28 categories, especially “Neoplasms” (sensitivity 97.4 %, specificity 97.5 %). The sensitivity was moderate for trials not relevant to any GBD category (53 %) and low for trials of injuries (16 %). For the 109,603 trials registered at WHO ICTRP, the classifier did not assign any GBD category to 20.5 % of trials while the most common GBD categories were “Neoplasms” (22.8 %) and “Diabetes” (8.9 %).

Conclusions
We developed and validated a knowledge-based classifier allowing for automatically identifying the diseases studied in registered trials by using the taxonomy from the GBD 2010 study. This tool is freely available to the research community and can be used for large-scale public health studies.