bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naistenlehtien keskinäiset erot ja samankaltaisuudet
Authors: Töyry Maija 
Published: December 2017

Artikkelissa tutkitaan naistenlehtien lajityyppisyyttä, eroja ja samankaltaisuuksia. Naistenlehdillä on tunnistettavia lajityyppisiä ominaisuuksia ja samalla jokainen lehti on ainutkertainen konsepti. Naistenlehtien suomalainen historia alkoi omakustanteista 1700-luvulla ja jatkui järjestölehdissä 1800-luvun lopulta naisten hakiessa poliittisia oikeuksia. Naisten kuluttajalehdet alkoivat menestyä vasta 1920-luvulta alkaen samaa tahtia kuin suomalaisistakin naisista tuli kuluttajia.
Naistenlehdet ovat keskeinen sukupuolisopimuksen neuvottelujen kenttä. Naistenlehdissä tunnistetaan, tuotetaan, vahvistetaan ja puretaan sukupuolieroa. Jokainen naistenlehti pyrkii lukijasopimuksiin omalla tavallaan ja painottaa siksi sukupuolisopimuksen neuvotteluissa sen ehtoihin sopeutumista tai niistä neuvottelua oman konseptinsa mukaisesti.
Studentsâ€™ Motivation and Appreciation on The Teaching of Writing Short Story Based on Creative-Literacy
Authors: Masie Sitti Rachmi , Siswanto Wahyudi , Pratiwi Yuni , Suwignyo Heri 
Published: December 2017

This paper is initiated by the writersâ€™ preliminary observation regarding Â literary work learning activities in Â the Department of IndonesianÂ Education and Literature State University of Gorontalo, which is still experiencing problems in itsÂ Â learning process. One of the obstacles faced is that students are still lack of confidence in developing their ability to write literary works, especially writing short stories. Writing short stories based on creative literacy is a strategy given to develop the competence of learners in writing. Short story is chosen because it has an interesting characteristics so students will easily read and understand it. Using this strategy, it is expected that students are able to write short stories based on the results of their own creation. Writing short stories based on creative literacy canÂ manifest studentsâ€™ Â ability in identifying various text forms, the purpose of the text, the text readersâ€™ target, and it enables the students to use their thinking ability to organize their process of reading and writing their new work.
KAJIAN PERAN RISET DAN PENGEMBANGAN DALAM MENDUKUNG INDUSTRI KAKAO NASIONAL = STUDY ON THE ROLE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN SUPPORTING INDONESIAN COCOA INDUSTRY
Authors: Manalu Lamhot P. 
Published: December 2017

Cocoa is commodities third largest foreign exchange earner after oil palm and rubber. In 2012 production totaled 833 310 tonnes of cocoa with an average growth of 1.56%. There are two major challenges in the development of the national cocoa industry, the increase in quantity (production and productivity) and quality. To support these efforts the role of research and development is needed to ensure that the procedures adopted are appropriate and fit. This study aims to study the role of research and development and other supporting factors in addressing the problems of the national cocoa. The study is in the form of survey respondents which are R&D institutes, universities and cocoa processing industry. The results show that there is a problem of national cocoa industry in all aspects, here the cultivation aspect is the biggest problem. The next aspects are mentoring, institutional, business scale, quality, policy, processing of intermediate products and processing of downstream products. The study also shows that there is still a lot of research results that can not be utilized by the cocoa industry, the rest has to be applied even if but only for a small scale so that the less significant. In the small and medium scale of cocoa enterprises, the equipment used is generally low capacity so inefficient.
Â
ABSTRAK
Kakao merupakan komoditas perkebunan penghasil devisa terbesar ketiga setelah kelapa sawit dan karet. Pada tahun 2012 produksi kakao tercatat sebesar 833.310 ton dengan rata-rata pertumbuhan sebesar 1,56%. Ada dua tantangan utama dalam pengembangan industri kakao nasional yaitu peningkatan kuantitas (produksi dan produktifitas) dan kualitas. Untuk mendukung usaha tersebut peran riset dan pengembangan (risetbang) sangat dibutuhkan untuk memastikan prosedur yang diterapkan sudah tepat dan sesuai.
Studi ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari peran risetbang serta faktor pendukung lainnya dalam menjawab permasalahan kakao nasional. Studi ini berupa hasil survey terhadap responden (pelaku risetbang kakao) yaitu lembaga penelitian dan pengembangan, universitas serta industri pengolahan kakao. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan industri kakao nasional terdapat pada semua aspek, dimana aspek budidaya merupakan permasalahan terbesar. Aspek berikutnya adalah penyuluhan, kelembagaan, skala usaha, mutu, kebijakan, pengolahan produk antara dan pengolahan produk hilir. Studi juga menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak hasil riset yang tidak dapat dimanfaatkan oleh industri kakao skala besar, sisanya walaupun telah bersifat aplikatif tetapi hanya untuk skala kecil sehingga kurang signifikan. Pada industri usaha skala kecil dan menengah umumnya peralatan yang digunakan berkapasitas rendah sehingga tidak efisien.
Analisis Transien Untuk Memprediksi Kedalaman Pengerasan Permukaan Pada Bagian Kritis Crankshaft
Authors: Purnama Harry 
Published: December 2017

Dalam penelitian ini simulasi dinamis transien diterapkan pada crankshaft dengan silinder ganda empat stroke. Analisis elemen hingga dilakukan dengan menggunakan software bantu ANSYS untuk memperoleh tegangan von-misses di lokasi kritis, sedangkan permodelan 3D menggunakan software 3D modeling CATIA. Beban dan kondisi batas yang diterapkan sesuai dengan kondisi engine mounting di ANSYS. Simulasi transien di mana pembebanan didasarkan pada waktu diharapkan dapat memperoleh kedalaman dari konsentrasi tegangan. Hal ini dapat membantu untuk proses m dari crankshaft, pengerasan permukaan.
Â
* In this study a transient dynamic simulation was conducted on a crankshaft for double cylinder four stroke engine. Finite element analysis was performed to obtain of von-misses stress at critical locations using ANSYS, while the model creation can be created by well known 3D modeling software CATIA. The load and boundary conditions were applied according to the engine mounting conditions in ANSYS. The simulation with the proper time step be expected depth of stress concentration. It can help to the next process of crankshaft, surface hardening.
Â
Kata kunci : Analisa Transient, Time Step, ANSYS, Crankshft, Pengerasan Permukaan.
PREDIKSI UMUR KELELAHAN STRUKTUR BADAN TEKAN KAPAL SELAM KARENA PENGULANGAN PERUBAHAN BEBAN HIDROSTATIK = ON THE FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION OF SUBMARINE PRESSURE HULL DUE TO ALTERNATING HYDROSTATIC LOADS
Authors: Wibowo H Nugroho  , Ahmad S. Mujahid  
Published: December 2017

This technical study to predict the fatigue of the body structure made from material press submarine HY - 80. Because of the major operating expense that occurred on submarines that work is the hydrostatic load due to the nature of its operations. This resulted in hydrostatic load mains voltage (principal stress) which occurs when the submarine was on the surface and into the operational depth starting with Sarat depth (T) 5,5m to 50m and 100m. Events dives from the ocean surface to a depth of operational and back to the surface again, causing the submarine to change the burden of recurrent (repeated load) it contribute substantially to the structure of the material fatigue. Fatigue prediction calculation begins by modeling finite element method (FEM) in the press agency that assumed the form of a similar type submarine U-209 in the form of a hollow cylinder large bergading (web framed hollow cylindrical structure). Calculations carried out by applying the rules of fatigue damage accumulation Palgrem - Miner on S - N curve of materials HY - 80 based on the primary voltage data obtained from the FEM and the safety factor of 2.5. The assumption used is that the submarine has a screen of 120 days in a year. The results of this study show that the fatigue life of the structure of press submarine range 29 years.
Â
ABSTRAK
Kajian teknis ini untuk memprediksi kelelahan dari struktur badan tekan kapal selam berbahan material HY â€“ 80. Karena beban operasional utama yang terjadi pada kapal selam yang bekerja adalah beban hidrostatik akibat sifat operasinya. Beban hidrostatik ini mengakibatkan tegangan utama (principal stress) dimana terjadi saat kapal selam masih dipermukaan dan masuk pada kedalaman operasional dimulai dengan kedalaman Sarat (T) 5,5m ke 50m dan 100m. Peristiwa penyelaman dari permukaan laut sampai kedalaman operasional dan kembali ke permukaan lagi, menyebabkan kapal selam mengalami perubahan beban yang berulang (repeated load) hal ini berkonstribusi cukup besar terhadap kelelahan material struktur tersebut. Perhitungan prediksi kelelahan ini dimulai dengan pemodelan metode elemen hingga (MEH) pada badan tekan yang diasumsikan dengan bentuk yang serupa kapal selam type U-209 dengan bentuk silinder berongga bergading besar (web framed cylindrical hollow structure). Perhitungan kelelahan dilakukan dengan mengaplikasikan aturan akumulasi kerusakan Palgrem â€“ Miner pada S â€“ N curve material HY â€“ 80 berdasarkan data tegangan utama yang diperoleh dari MEH dan faktor keamanan 2,5. Asumsi yang dipakai adalah bahwa kapal selam memiliki 120 hari layar dalam setahun. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa umur kelelahan struktur badan tekan kapal selam berkisar 29 tahun.
Reviews
Authors: Jung Theo , Roiban Cristian , Feindt Gregor , Medzibrodszky Alexandra , Pennanen Henna-Riikka , Björk Anna 
Published: December 2017

Ernst Müller and Falko Schmieder, Begriffsgeschichte und historische
Semantik: Ein kritisches Kompendium (Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2016), 1,027 pp.Jörn Leonhard and Willibald Steinmetz, eds., Semantiken von Arbeit:
Diachrone und vergleichende Perspektive (Cologne: Böhlau Verlag, 2016),
413 pp.Balázs Trencsényi, Maciej Janowski, Mónika Baár, Maria Falina, and
Michal Kopeček, A History of Modern Political Thought in East Central Europe,
Volume I: Negotiating Modernity in the “Long Nineteenth Century” (Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2016), 687 pp.Yasuhiro Matsui, ed., Obshchestvennost’ and Civic Agency in Late Imperial
and Soviet Russia: Interface between State and Society (London: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2015), xi + 234 pp.Riccardo Bavaj and Martina Steber, eds., Germany and “the West”: The
History of a Modern Concept (New York: Berghahn Books, 2015), 328 pp.Lauren Banko, The Invention of Palestinian Citizenship, 1918–1947
(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016), 278 pp.
Three worlds of marriage effects? Gendered marriage earning differences in the United States, Germany, and Sweden
Authors: Geist Claudia 
Published: December 2017

Being married is associated with many advantages. However, we do not know enough about the actual impact of entering marriage on individuals’ earnings, especially for women. In this paper, I examine the immediate and the short-term impact of marriage on men’s and women’s earnings in the United States, Germany, and Sweden. Studying the impact of marriage on earnings in three distinct socio-political settings provides insights into the context dependency of the link between marriage and earnings. Fixed effects models show that marriage transitions are not associated with women’s earnings in the United States and Sweden. For German women, I find an earnings penalty for marriage. Once I adjust for selection into employment, I find that employed German women with low employment propensities may experience instantaneous earnings boosts when they enter marriage, but that among women who are more firmly attached to the labor market, there is a short-term marriage penalty. For men in all three countries, I find no effect of marital transitions once employment likelihood is taken into account.
Zusammenfassung
Verheiratet zu sein wird mit vielen Vorteilen in Verbindung gebracht, aber wir wissen nicht genug über den tatsächlichen Effekt des Eheeintritts auf individuelles Einkommen, insbesondere für Frauen. In diesem Beitrag werden die unmittelbaren und kurzfristigen Effekte untersucht, die eine Verehelichung auf die Einkommen von Männern und Frauen in den USA, in Deutschland und in Schweden hat. Die Untersuchung des Einkommenseffekts der Ehe in drei unterschiedlichen sozial-politischen Settings ermöglicht Einsichten in die Kontextabhängigkeit des Zusammenhangs zwischen Heirat und Einkommen. Mit Fixed-Effects-Modellen wird aufgezeigt, dass der Übergang zur Ehe weder in den Vereinigten Staaten noch in Schweden mit dem Einkommen von Frauen zusammenhängt, während deutsche Frauen dadurch Einkommenseinbußen hinnehmen müssen. Kontrolliert man jedoch die Selektionseffekte bei der Aufnahme einer Beschäftigung, so kommt man zu dem Ergebnis, dass erwerbstätige Frauen in Deutschland mit niedriger Beschäftigungsneigung bei Ehe-Eintritt umgehend Einkommenszuwächse erfahren, dass aber Frauen, die stärker in den Arbeitsmarkt eingebunden sind, dann kurzfristig negativ sanktioniert werden. Für die Männer in den drei Ländern kommt es jedoch beim Übergang in die Ehe zu keinen Einkommenseffekten, wenn deren Beschäftigungswahrscheinlichkeit berücksichtigt wird.
Religiosität und Fertilität: Eine empirische Untersuchung des Einflusses von Religiosität auf Elternschaft und Kinderzahl
Authors: Sandmann Tim , Preisner Klaus 
Published: December 2017

The effect of religiosity on a) the likelihood to have children, and b) the number of children is analyzed for East- and West-Germany using the Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften 2012 data and poisson-logit hurdle models. Religiosity is measured with Huber and Huber’s multidimensional concept of centrality. At first, the effect of religiosity on the likelihood to have children and the number of children is analyzed for East and West Germany – showing that religiosity influences fertility only in West Germany. Finally, mediator variables such as value of children, fertility norms, opinion on birth control, traditional gender roles as well as marriage patterns are used to explain why centrality increases fertility in West Germany. The analyses show that religious persons are more likely to have children, in particular because they more often marry. Although the mediator variables show the expected correlations with religiosity and family size, the mediators hardly explain the greater number of children in religious people.
Zusammenfassung
Anhand der Daten der Allgemeinen Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften von 2012 wird für Ost- und Westdeutschland der Einfluss christlicher Religiosität auf a) die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Elternschaft und b) die Anzahl der Kinder mithilfe von Poisson-Logit-Hurdle-Modellen untersucht. Religiosität wird hierbei anhand des mehrdimensionalen Konzepts der Zentralität nach Huber gemessen. Zunächst wird geprüft, ob Religiosität einen Effekt auf Elternschaft und die realisierte Kinderzahl hat, was nur in Westdeutschland der Fall ist. Schließlich wird untersucht, über welche Mechanismen die vorgefundenen Effekte vermittelt werden, wobei als Mediatoren Kindernutzen, Fertilitätsnormen, Bewertung von Geburtenkontrolle, Geschlechterrollen sowie Eheaffinität berücksichtigt werden. Die Mediationsanalysen für Westdeutschland deuten darauf hin, dass religiöse Personen vor allem aufgrund ihrer stärkeren Präferenz für die Ehe häufiger den Übergang zur Elternschaft vollziehen. Obwohl die Mediatoren die erwarteten Zusammenhänge mit Religiosität und Familiengröße aufweisen, kann die höhere Kinderzahl religiöser Personen kaum mit den verwendeten Mediatoren erklärt werden.
Cosmic Reionization after Planck and before JWST: An Analytic Approach
Authors: Madau Piero 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The reionization of cosmic hydrogen marks a critical juncture in the history of structure formation. Here we present a new formulation of the standard reionization equation for the evolution of the volume-averaged H ii fraction that is more consistent with the accepted conceptual model of inhomogeneous intergalactic absorption. The revised equation explicitly accounts for the presence of the optically thick “Lyman-limit systems” that are known to determine the mean-free path of ionizing radiation after overlap. Integration of this equation provides a better characterization of the timing of reionization by smoothly linking the pre-overlap with the post-overlap phases of such a process. We confirm the validity of the quasi-instantaneous approximation as a predictor of reionization completion/maintenance and discuss new insights on the sources of cosmic reionization using the improved formalism. A constant emission rate into the intergalactic medium (IGM) of three Lyman continuum (LyC) photons per atom per gigayear leads to a reionization history that is consistent with a number of observational constraints on the ionization state of the z = 5–9 universe. While star-forming galaxies can dominate the reionization process if the luminosity-weighted fraction of LyC photons that escape into the IGM,

, exceeds 15% (for a faint magnitude cut-off of the galaxy UV luminosity function of

and a LyC photon yield per unit 1500 Å luminosity of

), simple models where the product of the two unknowns

is not evolving with redshift fail to reproduce the changing neutrality of the IGM observed at these epochs.
Quasi-electrostatic Whistler Wave Dynamics in Earth’s Radiation Belt
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Sharma R. P. , Moon Y.-J. , Goyal Ravinder 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present a semi-analytical model to study the dynamics of quasi-electrostatic whistler (hereafter, referred to as QEW) waves in Earth’s outer radian belt. QEW wave is a new mode of whistler waves and comes into existence when a whistler wave propagates obliquely close to the resonance cone angle. The equations for self-driven QEW waves and density perturbation are obtained by a fluid model and solved using a high-performance numerical simulation. The wave localizes and therefore generates filaments/or thin sheets obliquely to the ambient magnetic field by ponderomotive effect, which arises due to a QEW wave. These thin sheets become more complex and intense with time and finally saturate when the modulational instability attains a quasi-steady state. To analyze the turbulence from QEW waves in the radiation belt, we present the electric field power spectrum of QEW waves with frequency. The spectrum can be given by the power law having scaling of the order of

f

−
2.3

at high frequency, i.e., in the dissipation range. The steeper spectrum at higher frequency may result from the energization of charged particles by energy taken from the fluctuations.
The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. XIII. Discovery of 40 New Galaxy-scale Strong Lenses∗
Authors: Shu Yiping , Brownstein Joel R. , Bolton Adam S. , Koopmans Léon V. E. , Treu Tommaso , Montero-Dorta Antonio D. , Auger Matthew W. , Czoske Oliver , Gavazzi Raphaël , Marshall Philip J. , Moustakas Leonidas A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present the full sample of 118 galaxy-scale strong-lens candidates in the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) Survey for the Masses (S4TM) Survey, which are spectroscopically selected from the final data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Follow-up Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging observations confirm that 40 candidates are definite strong lenses with multiple lensed images. The foreground-lens galaxies are found to be early-type galaxies (ETGs) at redshifts 0.06–0.44, and background sources are emission-line galaxies at redshifts 0.22–1.29. As an extension of the SLACS Survey, the S4TM Survey is the first attempt to preferentially search for strong-lens systems with relatively lower lens masses than those in the pre-existing strong-lens samples. By fitting HST data with a singular isothermal ellipsoid model, we find that the total projected mass within the Einstein radius of the S4TM strong-lens sample ranges from 3 × 1010
M
⊙ to 2 × 1011
M
⊙. In Shu et al., we have derived the total stellar mass of the S4TM lenses to be 5 × 1010
M
⊙ to 1 × 1012
M
⊙. Both the total enclosed mass and stellar mass of the S4TM lenses are on average almost a factor of 2 smaller than those of the SLACS lenses, which also represent the typical mass scales of the current strong-lens samples. The extended mass coverage provided by the S4TM sample can enable a direct test, with the aid of strong lensing, for transitions in scaling relations, kinematic properties, mass structure, and dark-matter content trends of ETGs at intermediate-mass scales as noted in previous studies.
Long-term Follow-up of LASEK With Mitomycin C Performed to Correct Myopia in Thin Corneas
Authors: Garcia-Gonzalez Montserrat , Drake Rodriguez-Casanova Pilar , Rodriguez-Perez Isabel , Rodero Alberto , Teus Miguel A. 
Published: December 2017

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the long-term outcomes of laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) with intraoperative use of mitomycin C (MMC) performed on thin corneas for the correction of myopia.

METHODS:

This retrospective cohort study included 100 eyes with a preoperative central corneal thickness (CCT) thinner than 500
μ
m that underwent LASEK + MMC with at least 6 years of follow-up. Stability of visual acuity and refraction and the efficacy, safety, and predictability at the examinations 3 months and the last annual postoperative visit were analyzed.

RESULTS:

Preoperative CCT was 482.9 ± 14.7
μ
m (range: 433 to 499
μ
m). Mean preoperative spherical equivalent was −4.09 ± 2.3 diopters (D). At the 3-month postoperative visit, mean CCT was 419.79 ± 32.6
μ
m. The residual spherical equivalent showed a statistically significant regression (
P
= .001) in the comparison between the 3-month and the last annual postoperative visit. The efficacy index showed a significant decrease (
P
= .01) and the safety index remained stable around 0.96. Six or more years after the surgery, 85 eyes (85%) were within ±0.50 D and 94 eyes (94%) eyes were within ±1.00 D of emmetropia. The topography did not show signs of secondary corneal ectasia in any eye.

CONCLUSIONS:

LASEK with intraoperative use of MMC seems to be safe, effective, and predictable to correct myopia in corneas thinner than 500
μ
m and with normal preoperative topography, providing good visual and refractive outcomes with no topographic signs of corneal ectasia in a mean 6.5-year follow-up.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2017;33(12):813–819.]
Articulación y rediseño curricular: el eterno desafío institucional
Authors: Zabalza Beraza Miguel Ángel 
Published: December 2017

<p>Los procesos de integración curricular buscan establecer nexos entre las disciplinas tratando de generar una coreografía didáctica más acorde con el propósito de alcanzar un aprendizaje significativo y bien estructurado por parte de los estudiantes. Los modelos curriculares por yuxtaposición atomizan en exceso los procesos de aprendizaje y generan esquemas mentales inconexos y poco eficientes. Partiendo de la idea del currículo como un <em>proyecto formativo integrado</em>, el autor analiza la integración curricular como un proceso de innovación institucional que se proyecta tanto sobre el diseño y desarrollo de las tareas docentes como sobre los procesos de aprendizaje que desarrollan los estudiantes. Seis estrategias de integración curricular se presentan y explican: (1) la identificación de los semestres con bloques formativos;(2) el establecimiento de espacios comunes a varias disciplinas; (3) la fusión total o parcial de materias; (4) los clusters de materias impartidas por <em>clusters</em> de profesores y (5) la organización curricular por módulos temáticos.</p><p> </p><p> </p>