bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the Wisconsin Gait Scale in hemiparetic post-stroke patients
Authors: Guzik Agnieszka , Drużbicki Mariusz , Przysada Grzegorz , Kwolek Andrzej , Brzozowska-Magoń Agnieszka , Wyszyńska Justyna , Podgórska-Bednarz Justyna 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction: A proper assessment of gait pattern is a significant aspect in planning the process of teaching gait in hemiparetic post-stroke patients. The Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS) is an observational tool for assessing post-stroke patients’ gait. The aim of the study was to assess test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the WGS and examine correlations between gait assessment made with the WGS and gait speed, Brunnström scale, Ashworth’s scale and the Barthel Index.
Material and methods: The research included 36 post-stroke patients. The patients’ gait was assessed with the use of the Wisconsin Gait Scale, gait speed with the use of walk test, the level of motor control in a paretic lower limb – according to Brunnström recovery stages, muscle tone in a paretic lower limb – according to modified Ashworth’s scale and functional independence was assessed using the Barthel Index. Gait was assessed with the use of the WGS twice, with a 7-day interval, by three experienced physiotherapists.
Results: The analysis of internal consistency of the WGS revealed that the Cronbach’s α coefficient was high in the case of all the three raters and ranged from 0.85 to 0.88. It was noted that the coefficient of variation for all the comparisons was below 10%. When assessing the repeatability of the results, it was revealed that correlations between both measurements made by particular raters were very strong and highly significant. The WGS results significantly correlated with Brunnström scale, Ashworth’s scale and gait speed.
Conclusions: It was concluded that the WGS has a high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Also, significant correlations were found between gait assessment made with the use of the WGS and gait speed, level of motor control and muscle tone of a paretic lower limb. The WGS constitutes a promising tool for a qualitative, observational analysis of gait in post-stroke patients and allows for proper planning, monitoring and assessing rehabilitation results.
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis: an important target associated with antidepressant effects of exercise
Authors: Sun Lina , Sun Qingshan , Qi Jinshun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDepression is a prevalent devastating mental disorder that affects the normal life of patients and brings a heavy burden to whole society. Although many efforts have been made to attenuate depressive/anxiety symptoms, the current clinic antidepressants have limited effects. Scientists have long been making attempts to find some new strategies that can be applied as the alternative antidepressant therapy. Exercise, a widely recognized healthy lifestyle, has been suggested as a therapy that can relieve psychiatric stress. However, how exercise improves the brain functions and reaches the antidepressant target needs systematic summarization due to the complexity and heterogeneous feature of depression. Brain plasticity, especially adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus, is an important neurophysiology to facilitate animals for neurogenesis can occur in not only humans. Many studies indicated that an appropriate level of exercise can promote neurogenesis in the adult brains. In this article, we provide information about the antidepressant effects of exercise and its implications in adult neurogenesis. From the neurogenesis perspective, we summarize evidence about the effects of exercise in enhancing neurogenesis in the hippocampus through regulating growth factors, neurotrophins, neurotransmitters and metabolism as well as inflammations. Taken together, a large number of published works indicate the multiple benefits of exercise in the brain functions of animals, particularly brain plasticity like neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Therefore, a new treatment method for depression therapy can be developed by regulating the exercise activity.
Cultural Turn und NS-Geschichte
Authors: Hürter Johannes , Raithel Thomas , Zarusky Jürgen 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
With the “Contemporary History Podium”, the Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte introduces a new format for discourse. It is designed to host discussions on fundamental questions of contemporary historiography from multiple points of view. The first Podium is dedicated to the topic “Research into the Nazi Era and the Cultural Turn”. Four recognised experts from three countries, namely Frank Bajohr (Head of the Center for Holocaust Studies at the Institute for Contemporary History Munich - Berlin), Neil Gregor (Professor of Modern European History, University of Southampton), Johann Chapoutot (Professor of German History at the Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV) and Stefan Hördler (Director of the Mittelbau-Dora Concentration Camp Memorial Site) analyse the influence of one of the most important and diverse methodological trends in the humanities on a core area of contemporary history, research into the Nazi era. The debate focuses on the question which new horizons of understanding, but also which limitations culturalism offers in a research field, in which terror, war, and mass murder are of central importance. The debate will be continued with a discussion event at the Institute for Contemporary History in Munich and at the VfZ-Forum of the journal’s homepage.
Quantum Shielding Effects on the Eikonal Collision Cross Section in Strongly Coupled Two-temperature Plasmas
Authors: Lee Myoung-Jae , Jung Young-Dae 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The influence of nonisothermal and quantum shielding on the electron-ion collision process is investigated in strongly coupled two-temperature plasmas. The eikonal method is employed to obtain the eikonal scattering phase shift and eikonal cross section as functions of the impact parameter, collision energy, electron temperature, ion temperature, Debye length, and de Broglie wavelength. The results show that the quantum effect suppresses the eikonal scattering phase shift for the electron-ion collision in two-temperature dense plasmas. It is also found that the differential eikonal cross section decreases for small impact parameters. However, it increases for large impact parameters with increasing de Broglie wavelength. It is also found that the maximum position of the differential eikonal cross section is receded from the collision center with an increase in the nonisothermal character of the plasma. In addition, it is found that the total eikonal cross sections in isothermal plasmas are always greater than those in two-temperature plasmas. The variations of the eikonal cross section due to the two-temperature and quantum shielding effects are also discussed.
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrogen Bonded Binary Liquid Crystal Complex from 4-Methoxycinnamic Acid and 4-Hexyloxybenzoic Acid (4MCA:6OBA)
Authors: Kumar Thamilarasan Ranjeeth , Sundaram Sankaran , Chitravel Thangaiyan , Jayaprakasam Ramasamy , Vijayakumar Vellalapalayam Nallagounder 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHydrogen bonded liquid crystal (HBLC) binary mixture has been synthesized from mesogenic 4-methoxycinnamic acid (4MCA) and mesogenic 4-hexyloxybenzoic acid (6OBA) with different mole ratio. The mesomorphic phase behavior and corresponding phase transition temperatures along with the enthalpy values were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The characteristic textures of 4MCA+6OBA binary mixture were observed by using polarizing optical microscope (POM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) studies confirm the formation of hydrogen bond in the present binary mixture. A note worthy observation in this complex is that pure mesogens have no smectic phase where as 4MCA+6OBA binary mixture exhibits a nematic phase along with higher order smectic C (Sm C) phase. Variation of mole ratio influences thermal properties such as phase peak, enthalpy values and thermal span width of the present HBLC binary mixture complex. The optical tilt angle of 4MCA+6OBA for smectic C phase and thermal stability factors have been investigated. Optical tilt angle for smectic C phase is determined and same is fitted to a power law.
Automated analysis of high‐content microscopy data with deep learning
Authors: Kraus Oren Z , Grys Ben T , Ba Jimmy , Chong Yolanda , Frey Brendan J , Boone Charles , Andrews Brenda J 
Published: April 2017

AbstractExisting computational pipelines for quantitative analysis of high‐content microscopy data rely on traditional machine learning approaches that fail to accurately classify more than a single dataset without substantial tuning and training, requiring extensive analysis. Here, we demonstrate that the application of deep learning to biological image data can overcome the pitfalls associated with conventional machine learning classifiers. Using a deep convolutional neural network (DeepLoc) to analyze yeast cell images, we show improved performance over traditional approaches in the automated classification of protein subcellular localization. We also demonstrate the ability of DeepLoc to classify highly divergent image sets, including images of pheromone‐arrested cells with abnormal cellular morphology, as well as images generated in different genetic backgrounds and in different laboratories. We offer an open‐source implementation that enables updating DeepLoc on new microscopy datasets. This study highlights deep learning as an important tool for the expedited analysis of high‐content microscopy data.
Macroprolactinoma appearing after resolution of hydrocephalus
Authors: Bruno Oscar D , Pisani Ricardo Fernández , Isaac Gabriel , Basso Armando 
Published: April 2017

Summary
The role of mechanical forces influencing the growth of a pituitary adenoma is poorly understood. In this paper we report the case of a young man with hyperprolactinaemia and an empty sella secondary to hydrocephalia, who developed a macroprolactinoma following the relief of high intraventricular pressure.

Learning points:

The volume of a pituitary tumour may be influenced not only by molecular but also by local mechanical factors.

Intratumoural pressure, resistance of the sellar diaphragm and intracranial liquid pressure may play a role in the final size of a pituitary adenoma.

The presence of hydrocephalus may hide a pituitary macroadenoma.
Fundamentals in Biostatistics for Investigation in Pediatric Dentistry: Part II –Biostatistical Methods
Authors: Pozos-Guillén Amaury , Ruiz-Rodríguez Socorro , Garrocho-Rangel Arturo 
Published: April 2017

The main purpose of the second part of this series was to provide the reader with some basic aspects of the most common biostatistical methods employed in health sciences, in order to better understand the validity, significance and reliability of the results from any article on Pediatric Dentistry. Currently, as mentioned in the first paper, Pediatric Dentists need basic biostatistical knowledge to be able to apply it when critically appraise a dental article during the Evidence-based Dentistry (EBD) process, or when participating in the development of a clinical study with dental pediatric patients. The EBD process provides a systematic approach of collecting, review and analyze current and relevant published evidence about oral health care in order to answer a particular clinical question; then this evidence should be applied in everyday practice.
This second report describes the most commonly used statistical methods for analyzing and interpret collected data, and the methodological criteria to be considered when choosing the most appropriate tests for a specific study. These are available to Pediatric Dentistry practicants interested in reading or designing original clinical or epidemiological studies.
Accuracy of Computer-Aided Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Cartiaux Olivier , Jenny Jean-Yves , Joskowicz Leo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract:
Surgical accuracy is multifactorial. Therefore, it is crucial to consider all influencing factors when investigating the accuracy of a surgical procedure, such as the surgeon’s experience, the assistive technologies that may be used by the surgeon, and the patient factors associated with the specific anatomical site. For in vitro preclinical investigations, accuracy should be linked to the concepts of trueness (e.g., distance from the surgical target) and precision (e.g., variability in relation to the surgical target) to gather preclinical, quantitative, objective data on the accuracy of completed surgical procedures that have been performed with assistive technologies. The clinical relevance of improvements in accuracy that have been observed experimentally may be evaluated by analyzing the impact on the risk of failure and by taking into account the level of tolerance in relation to the surgical target (e.g., the extent of the safety zone). The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methodology enables preclinical testing of new assistive technologies to quantify improvements in accuracy and assess the benefits in terms of reducing the risk of failure and achieving surgical targets with tighter tolerances before the testing of clinical outcomes.
Clinical Practice Guidelines Decrease Unnecessary Echocardiograms Before Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Adair Chris , Swart Eric , Seymour Rachel , Patt Joshua , Karunakar Madhav A. 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Preoperative assessment of geriatric patients with a hip fracture may include transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), which increases resource utilization and cost and may delay surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate preoperative TTE utilization at a single institution in order to determine (1) how often TTE is ordered in accordance with clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), (2) how frequently TTE reveals cardiac disease that may alter medical or anesthesia management, and (3) whether following CPGs reduces unnecessary TTE utilization without potentially missing important disease.

Methods:
A retrospective review of data on 100 geriatric patients with a hip fracture who had undergone preoperative TTE was performed. Charts were reviewed to evaluate if TTE had been obtained in accordance with the published CPGs from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA). TTE reports were reviewed for the presence of disease that was important enough to cause modifications in anesthesia or perioperative management, including new left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction, moderate or severe valvular disease, and pulmonary hypertension. Finally, the sensitivity and specificity of accordance with the ACC/AHA CPGs for predicting which patients would have TTE that identified important disease were calculated.

Results:
The TTE was ordered in accordance with the published ACC/AHA CPGs for 66% of the patients. TTE revealed disease with the potential to modify anesthesia or medical management in 14% of the patients—for all of whom the TTE had been indicated according to ACC/AHA guidelines (i.e., the guidelines were 100% sensitive). In this study population, following the ACC/AHA guidelines could have prevented the performance of TTE in 34% of the patients without missing any disease (40% specificity).

Conclusions:
Preoperative TTE for patients with a hip fracture is frequently obtained outside the recommendations of established CPGs. Utilization of CPGs such as the ACC/AHA guidelines should be considered, as it may decrease variability in care and reduce unnecessary resource utilization without adversely affecting patient outcomes.
Emerging U.S. National Trends in the Treatment of Pediatric Supracondylar Humeral Fractures
Authors: Holt Joshua B. , Glass Natalie A. , Bedard Nicholas A. , Weinstein Stuart L. , Shah Apurva S. 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Understanding national trends in the treatment of pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures will provide important insight into variations in regional treatment and identify areas for improving value and quality in care delivery in the U.S.

Methods:
U.S. national trends in the treatment of supracondylar humeral fractures were evaluated through query of the Humana (2007 to 2014) and ING (2007 to 2011) administrative claims databases. Geographic variation and changes in surgical and transfer rates over time were further explored through the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) database (2006 to 2011). Hospital characteristics impacting treatment decisions were identified.

Results:
A total of 29,642 pediatric patients with supracondylar humeral fractures were identified in the administrative claims databases and a projected 63,348 encounters for supracondylar humeral fracture were identified in the NEDS database. The majority of the patients (76.1%; 22,563 of 29,642) were treated definitively with cast immobilization. Operative treatment was performed in 23.9% of the patients (7,079 of 29,642), with no change observed in the operative rate over time (p = 0.055). Of patients undergoing operative treatment, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) was performed in 87.3%, with a significant increase noted in the rate of CRPP over time (p = 0.0001); open reduction was performed in 12.7%, with a significant decrease noted in the rate of open reduction over time (p < 0.0001). Regional surgical rates generally showed significant variation from 2006 to 2010, followed by a convergence in the surgical rate among all geographic regions in 2011. These trends occurred simultaneous to a significant increase in transfer rates nationwide, from 5.6% in 2006 to 9.1% in 2011 (p = 0.0011). Transfer rates were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) for nontrauma, nonteaching, and nonmetropolitan centers while surgical rates were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) for trauma, teaching, and metropolitan centers when rates were analyzed by hospital designation.

Conclusions:
Operative treatment was performed in 24% of pediatric patients with supracondylar humeral fractures from 2007 to 2014. There was a convergence of surgical rates across geographic regions, suggesting that a “standard of care” in the treatment of supracondylar humeral fractures is being established nationally.

Clinical Relevance:
Cases of pediatric supracondylar humeral fracture are increasingly being transferred to and, when managed surgically, receiving care at metropolitan facilities designated as trauma centers or teaching hospitals, with a corresponding decrease observed in the rate of open reduction. The optimization of nationwide referral and treatment patterns may improve value in care delivery.
The Augustan aqueduct of Capua and its historical evolution
Authors: Libertini G. , Miccio B. , Leone N. , De Feo G. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
At his own expense Augustus built his own aqueduct, known as Aqua Iulia, for Capua, located in today's Campania region of southern Italy, which was in Roman times, one of the most important civitas of the empire. The course of this aqueduct and of its likely branches, destined for two small towns, Saticula and Calatia, is hypothesized, in part based on the re-use in the seventeenth century of about 8 miles (i.e. 11.8 km) of the ancient aqueduct for another water supply that served Naples, namely the Carmignano aqueduct. The subsequent transformation in the eighteenth century in a new water supply along a new route at a higher altitude is described. This third water supply served the Bourbon royal palace of Caserta, a magnificent construction built in the same period. In summary, the historical evolution of the Augustan aqueduct of Capua is discussed in the context of the communities served and in the context of the organization and history of the territory supplied, demonstrating the richness of information that may be obtained by an integrated study of the transformation, over time, of this important water infrastructure.
Specific Effects of Anti-Hypertensive Treatment in an Older Patient with Dementia
Authors: Zmudka Jadwiga Attier , Sérot Jean Marie , Dao Salif , Sorel Claire , Macaret Anne-Sophie , Balédent Olivier 
Published: April 2017

Dementia is one of the most common health problems in the world. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The presence of vascular risk factors such as hypertension (HT) may increase the risk of AD [1,2]. The relation between blood pressure (BP) and dementia has been the subject of numerous epidemiological studies, midlife HT is a risk factor for dementia and AD [3-7] but the association between HT and risk of dementia is lower in the older population [8].
A fair modulation of an antihypertensive treatment, based on the cognitive status of the elderly, can avoid multiple complications.
A case of an older for whom cognitive improvement and reduced risk of falls were noticed after mild blood pressure elevation is reported.
English Acquisition of Reading and Writing Skills on Learners at Fourth Grade at Jesus School
Authors: Calderón Mora Roxy , Rodríguez Chaves Glenda 
Published: April 2017

Teaching English in II Cycle at public primary schools in Costa Rica relies on integrating and interrelating the four basic skills in the communication process. The English Acquisition of Reading and Writing Skills on Learners at fourth grade at Jesus School article is a consolidation of the research study developed in 2013. The purpose of this study was to research on learning strategies that stimulate the acquisition of reading and writing skills in fourth level at Jesus de Atenas public school located in Atenas. The study implemented reading and writing strategies. The collection of data was performed by using a qualitative approach using four different instruments: three classroom observations, two artifacts as evidence of the students’ performance, a focus group and, an interview to the English advisor at Regional de Alajuela. The data collection process demonstrated that students improved both reading and writing competence after performing strategies such as Word Walls, Group Writing and Print- Rich Environment. The analyzed results in this study confirmed that the applied strategies stimulate the acquisition of reading and writing skills in fourth graders at a public school.
Manajemen Redaksional Pada Surat Kabar Harian Umum Radar Cirebon (Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif Manajemen Redaksional pada Surat Kabar Harian Umum Radar Cirebon Periode Januari-Mei 2013)
Authors: Fazryansyah M Irfan , Agustina Heriyani , Nuruzzaman Nuruzzaman 
Published: April 2017

Mass media after the era of reform becomes the mass communication facility and instrument shaper of public opinion , it is helping in human life to exchanging ideas, sharing of experience and information in the volume of a relatively large. This research aims to understand planning, organizing, mobilizing and supervision in the management of editorial on daily newspaper of Radar Cirebon. A method of this research is descriptive qualitative, data was gathered by direct interview, observasion and availability of literature studies. Based on covered can be drawn conclusions that ( 1 ) In the planning stages, daily newspaper of Radar Cirebon well to plan, it is seen from the success of meeting and a meeting of the editor. ( 2 ) the organizing stages, the editor management has forming the
organization structure and their duty to each personel.( 3 ) The mobilization phase is very important to editor management in daily newspaper of Radar Cirebon, because of mobilizarion, the management of material goes well, start from the reporting process, writing, editing till becoming the news. (4) In the phase supervision in editorial management of daily newspaper of Radar Cirebon conducted in the form of direct briefing to reporters during a news manuscript edited by the editor still experiencing a shortage of data.