bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of Al2O3‐YAG amorphous ceramic coating deposited via plasma spraying
Authors: Rong Jian , Yang Kai , Zhuang Yin , Zhong Xinghua , Zhao Huayu , Ni Jinxing , Tao Shunyan , Wang Liang , Ding Chuanxian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCrystallization kinetics of the newly developed Al2O3‐Y3Al5O12(YAG) amorphous ceramic coating fabricated by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) were investigated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under non‐isothermal conditions. The phase compositions and microstructure of the as‐sprayed coating were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The glass transition temperatureTg, the onset temperature of crystallizationTcand the peak temperature of crystallizationTppresented heating rate dependence. The related kinetic parameters of activation energies (Eg,Ec,Ep) and Avrami exponents (n) were quantified using various methods including Kissinger, Augis–Bennett, Ozawa and Matusita–Sakka, etc., to understand the phase transition mechanism and crystallization process in depth. A series of parameters including devitrification interval ΔT, thermal stability (Tc,Ec), nucleation resistanceEc/RTgand fragility indexFwere quantified in order to evaluate the nucleation mechanism, crystallization behavior and thermal stability of Al2O3‐YAGamorphous ceramic coating. Excellent thermal stability was witnessed in the studied coating. Furthermore, theYAGcrystalline phases can be reasonably controlled and independently precipitated from the amorphous matrix via proper annealing.
The interactive effects of achievement goals and task complexity on enjoyment, mental focus, and effort
Authors: Donovan John J. , Hafsteinsson Leifur Geir , Lorenzet Steven J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSeveral empirical studies have suggested that achievement goal researchers should put a greater emphasis on identifying factors that may moderate the effects of achievement goals on motivation and related outcomes. In line with this recommendation, the current study sought to examine how one task characteristics (task complexity) may moderate the impact of achievement goals on the motivational outcomes of task enjoyment, mental focus, and exerted effort. Consistent with both the theoretical foundations of achievement goals and the existing research literature, we hypothesized that achievement goals would interact with task complexity in their effects on motivation such that the positive effects of mastery goals would be stronger for complex tasks, the positive effects of performance‐approach goals would be stronger for simple tasks, and the negative effects of performance‐avoidance goals would be weaker for simple tasks. Data collected from 347 undergraduate students assigned to simple or complex task conditions when performing a puzzle‐based task supported these hypotheses. Under complex task conditions, the positive effects of mastery goals were amplified, whereas simple task conditions enhanced the positive effects of performance‐approach goals and minimized the negative impact of performance‐avoidance goals. Future directions for research on achievement goals are discussed, along with potential practical implications of the results of this study.
A literature review and hypothesis for the etiologies of cervical and root caries
Authors: Grippo John O. , Coleman Thomas A. , Messina Antonello Maria , Oh Daniel S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe presence of endogenous acids from bacteria acting on a suitable substrate combined with sources of exogenous biocorrosives such as exogenous acids and proteolytic enzymes in areas of stress concentration are hypothesized to lead to the development and progression of cervical and root caries (RC). Quantifying the effects of each of the mechanisms (stress and biocorrosion) is a daunting task to investigate since so many factors are involved at various times in the etiology of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs), cervical caries (CC), and RC. Frictional action of the tongue has a cleansing effect and lingual serous saliva, which has a high flow rate buffering capacity from bicarbonates seem to account for the paucity of lingual NCCLs, cervical, and RC in these areas of teeth. Future studies are indicated to determine the effects of stress and biocorrosion and their factors in the etiology of CC and RC.Clinical significanceThis manuscript presents hypothetical and literary information that the combined effects of stress concentration and biocorrosion contribute to the formation as well as progression of cervical and root caries.
Effect of Temperature on Growth, Energy Budget, and Physiological Performance of Green, White, and Purple Color Morphs of Sea Cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus
Authors: Bai Yucen , Chen Yan , Pan Yang , Zhang Libin , Liu Shilin , Ru Xiaoshang , Xing Lili , Zhang Tao , Yang Hongsheng , Li Jing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAs an intertidal species, Apostichopus japonicus is subject to diel and seasonal temperature fluctuations. Color variation is a distinct characteristic of A. japonicus, and a new color morph, purple A. japonicus, was recently found on the coast of Rushan, Weihai City. This study was conducted to compare the performance of green, white, and purple color morphs of A. japonicus at different water temperatures to help improving aquaculture technology and management. In this study, green, white, and purple color morphs of juvenile A. japonicus (1.5 ± 0.1 g) were cultured at 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 C for 60 d, according to the suitable temperature range for sea cucumber growth. Temperature was shown to have a significant effect on growth, energy budget, and physiology of sea cucumbers (P < 0.05). Specific growth rates, feed conversion efficiencies, and the proportion of energy allocated to growth of all three color morphs were optimal at 18 C. Activities of the enzymes related with oxidative stress, immune response, and digestion were determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and trypsin activities generally reached a maximum in all three color morphs at 18 C. The purple color morph of A. japonicus was higher in growth rate, food conversion efficiency, and proportion of energy allocated to growth than green and white color morphs at 18 and 22 C, consistent with its higher trypsin and SOD activity, indicating the mutual effect of growth and physiology. At 18, 22, and 26 C, the green color morph had the highest level of lysozyme activity and purple color morph had the lowest, indicating possible infection by external pathogens of green color morph, which might be caused by high temperature. These results suggested that the optimum temperature for culture of the three color morphs was approximately 18 C, the purple had a better adaption to high temperature, and the green and white color morphs may be more susceptible to thermal stress than the purple color morph.
Evaluating a Multidimensional Reading Comprehension Program and Reconsidering the Lowly Reputation of Tests of Near‐Transfer
Authors: Fuchs Douglas , Hendricks Emma , Walsh Meagan E. , Fuchs Lynn S. , Gilbert Jennifer K. , Zhang Tracy Wen , Patton Samuel , Davis‐Perkins Nicole , Kim Wooliya , Elleman Amy M. , Peng Peng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe conducted a 14‐week experimental study of 2 versions of a relatively comprehensive RC intervention that involved 50 classroom teachers, 15 tutors, and 116 children drawn in equal proportions from grades 3 and 5 in 13 schools in a large urban school district. Students were randomly assigned in equal numbers to the two tutoring conditions and a control group. Results indicated that students in the two tutored groups tended to perform comparably on all tests and to outperform controls (more so in grade 5 than grade 3) on near‐transfer but not far‐transfer measures of RC. This differential pattern of program effects for near‐ versus far‐transfer measures raises questions about how tests of near‐transfer and far‐transfer are conventionally understood.
When Free Traders Become Protectionists: Constituent Advocacy at the International Trade Commission
Authors: Miler Kristina , Allee Todd 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlthough Members of Congress vote on few trade bills, they participate regularly in venues such as the International Trade Commission (ITC), where important trade policy decisions are made. We assert that once removed from the voting chambers of Congress, legislators are motivated overwhelmingly by the desire to advance constituents’ trade policy interests, even those that contradict the member’s established positions on trade. Utilizing an original dataset on legislator participation in antidumping cases, we find that both Democratic and Republican members advocate protection at the ITC when they have numerous firms and constituents in their district who benefit from trade restrictions, particularly when they receive sizeable financial contributions from them. Notably, self‐proclaimed free‐traders are just as likely to seek protection for their constituents as are trade opponents. Away from Capitol Hill, then, trade policymaking exhibits few partisan and ideological influences and serves as a means for members to expand political support.[Correction added on 21 August 2018, after first online publication: Abstract was added to article]
Men's views and experiences of infant feeding: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Earle Sarah , Hadley Robin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlthough the advantages of breastfeeding are well documented, rates for breastfeeding often fall short of international and national targets. Increasing attention has been paid to the role of men in infant feeding, but a lot of the research about men has been elicited from women, rather than from men themselves. To explore these issues further, a systematic review of the qualitative research on infant feeding was carried out, focusing specifically on men's own views and experiences. Evidence was identified by searching electronic databases (CINAL, Cochrane, PubMed, and Scopus), manually searching citations, and by searching the grey literature. Studies were included in the review if they discussed men's views and experiences of infant feeding and if they reported primary qualitative data. Twenty research papers were included in the review, and each study was summarised and then analysed thematically to produce a synthesis. Five major analytical themes were identified: men's knowledge of infant feeding; men's perceptions of their role in infant feeding; positive views on breastfeeding; negative views on breastfeeding; and men's experiences of health promotion and support. The review concludes by highlighting that although men can play an important role in supporting women, they do not have a significant role in infant feeding decisions.
Effects of maternal anthropometrics on pregnancy outcomes in South Asian women: a systematic review
Authors: Slack E. , Rankin J. , Jones D. , Heslehurst N. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryAimThis systematic review investigates associations between maternal pre‐pregnancy/early‐pregnancy anthropometrics (e.g. weight and body fat), anthropometric change and pregnancy outcomes in South Asian and White women.MethodsTwelve electronic literature databases, reference lists and citations of all included studies were searched. Observational studies published in the English language were included. Descriptive synthesis was used to summarize the evidence base.ResultsTwenty‐two studies met the inclusion criteria (403,609 births [351,856 White and 51,753 South Asian]). Nine were prospective cohort studies, nine were retrospective cohort studies and two were cross‐sectional studies. Results suggested that in South Asian women, maternal pre‐pregnancy/early‐pregnancy anthropometrics were associated with anthropometric change, birthweight, mode of delivery and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Gestational anthropometric change was found to be associated with GDM. There was limited evidence to suggest that there may be associations between maternal pre‐anthropometrics/early anthropometrics and hypertensive disorders, stillbirth, congenital anomalies, post‐natal weight retention and post‐natal impaired glucose tolerance. The evidence suggested a combined effect of pre‐pregnancy/early‐pregnancy anthropometrics and gestational anthropometric change on both GDM and post‐natal weight retention.ConclusionThe increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in South Asian women should be considered in guidelines for weight management before and during pregnancy.
Immediate loading on fixed implant‐supported prosthesis with short implants: short‐term report of four cases
Authors: Moura L.B. , Paganelli O.E.B. , Gabrielli M.A.C. , Pereira Filho V.A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractShort implants are one of the best alternative treatments for atrophic mandibles due to low morbidity and good resolution. The use in posterior mandible is consolidated, however, in edentulous patients is rarely reported. The aim of this article is to present the use of short implants with fixed implant‐supported prosthesis and immediate loading in severely resorbed mandibles, in four patients. Four short implants were placed in the anterior mandible in each patient. The initial torque of all implants was higher than 45 N and the mean of resonance frequency analysis was 74.87. The fixed prosthesis was submitted to immediate loading. After 4 years of follow‐up there were two implant failures which were replaced by other short implants. All implants remain in function with no signs of perimplantitis or bone loss. The final resonance frequency analysis mean was 78.30 demonstrating adequate stability.
The optimal intestinal segment length for experimental size‐mismatched intestinal transplantation: Defining the maximum length with the lowest blood flow needs in a porcine model
Authors: Frongia Giovanni , Majlesara Ali , Saffari Arash , Emami Golnaz , Golriz Mohammad , Günther Patrick , Mehrabi Arianeb 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTransplanted Intestinal Segments (IS) must match the perfusion capacities of the recipient. This can be challenging during a size‐mismatched SBTX. In this study, we defined the maximum IS length with lowest blood flow needs in a porcine model by evaluating the physiological perfusion rates of different IS lengths. Blood flow in the SMA, aorta segment four, and general circulatory parameters were monitored before and after sequential intestinal resection. IS lengths of 30 cm, 60 cm, 120 cm, and 300 cm (n = 8 each) were compared. The IS blood flow requirements increased with IS length (30 cm: 19.5 ± 3.4 mL/min; 60 cm: 16.9 ± 6.7 mL/min; 120 cm: 34.9 ± 8.5 mL/min; 300 cm: 62.9 ± 11.6 mL/min). Absolute IS blood flow (P = .004), percentage IS blood flow uptake from the SMA (P = .001), and percentage IS blood flow uptake from the aorta (P = .005) increased significantly between 60 cm and 120 cm. We concluded that 60 cm was the maximum IS length before blood flow demands significantly increased in a porcine model.
Protective Effect of BLED‐exposed Conditioned Media on Cell Injury
Authors: Oh Phil‐Sun , Kim Eun‐Mi , Kim Minjoo , Kim In Sun , Han Yeon‐Hee , Lim SeokTae , Sohn Myung‐Hee , Ko Myoung‐Hwan , Jeong Hwan‐Jeong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have reported that 450 nm blue light emitting diode (BLED) induces apoptosis through a mitochondria‐mediated pathway in cancer cells and reduces the early stage tumor growth. This study was performed to determine the effects of BLED‐irradiated cell metabolites on cell injury. Our results showed that conditioned medium (CM) from cells irradiated with low‐dose BLED (LCM) inhibited apoptosis and increased cell survival. Cell protection‐related proteins were identified in cell metabolites of CM and LCM using 2‐DE and MALDI‐TOF analysis. Treatment with LCM inhibited apoptotic cell death and increased the live cell population. The cellular protective effect of LCM was associated with keratin and collagen type VI secretion from cells after low dose of BLED irradiation. Interestingly, expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins was dose dependently increased after 4 h BLED irradiation. Only levels of BiP, CHOP and ERO1‐Lα were decreased significantly after 24 h incubation, indicating their anti‐apoptotic property in these cells. These results indicated that cell metabolites stimulated by low‐dose BLED irradiation have a cytoprotective effect on cell injury via increasing transient intracellular ER stress. Further studies remain to provide the molecular mechanisms of LCM for cytoprotective activity.
Biosensors: a potential tool for quality assurance and food safety pertaining to biogenic amines/volatile amines formation in aquaculture systems/products
Authors: Heerthana Veluthevar Ramanathan , Preetha Radhakrishnan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe present review focuses on the role of volatile amines as a quality indicator which affects the safety and acceptance parameters of the aquaculture products. The nurturing aquaculture requires good aquaculture practice to safeguard aquaculture environment. Particularly, poor water quality of aquaculture systems, changes in storage temperature after harvest and unhygienic handling practices enhance the growth of harmful microbes and thereby magnify the accumulation of biogenic amines (histamines, prolamines cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, tyramine and tryptamine) and total volatile basic nitrogen (dimethylamine, trimethylamine and ammonia) content in the aquaculture products. Various conventional and advanced tools used to monitor the aquatic environment/aquaculture products are discussed in this review. Moreover, this review focuses on the biosensors used for determination of biogenic amines/volatile amines for assuring safety and quality of aquaculture products and aquaculture systems.
The paradox of decrease and dependent parts
Authors: Moran Alex 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the paradox of decrease. Its aim is to defend the answer to this puzzle that was propounded by its originator, namely, the Stoic philosopher Chrysippus. The main trouble with this answer to the paradox is that it has the seemingly problematic implication that a material thing could perish due merely to extrinsic change. (For, intuitively, it is not possible for a mere extrinsic change to cause a material thing to cease to be.) It follows that in order to defend Chrysippus’ answer to the paradox, one has to explain how it could be that Theon is destroyed by the amputation without changing intrinsically. In this paper, I shall answer this challenge by appealing to the broadly Aristotelian idea that at least some of the proper parts of a material substance are ontologically dependent on that substance. I will also appeal to this idea in order to offer a new solution to the structurally similar paradox of increase. In this way, we will end up with a unified solution to two structurally similar paradoxes.
Lipoidal corneal degeneration in aged falcons
Authors: Moore Bret A. , Paul‐Murphy Joanne R. , Adamson Kathleen L. , Dubielzig Richard R. , Kern Thomas , Gonzales Ben J. , Wolff Peregrine , Murphy Christopher J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo present a case series of idiopathic lipoidal corneal degeneration in falcons.Animals StudiedFive falcons including three peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus), one prairie falcon (Falco mexicanus), and one red‐naped shaheen (Falco peregrinus babylonicus) were observed to develop slowly progressive corneal opacification that began at the temporal limbus and extended centripetally across the cornea over a period of years. Four of the birds were over 20 years old.ProceduresAll animals underwent complete ophthalmic examinations. A red‐naped shaheen underwent ocular imaging via spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography. Two peregrine falcons were euthanized due to declining health, and their eyes were examined histologically.ResultsThe opacities were pale and granular, with frequent vascularization associated perilimbally. Diffuse neutral lipid was observed in stromal cells throughout the corneal stroma of both clear and opaque areas of the cornea, sparing only the acellular anterior limiting lamina. Clusters of cholesterol crystals surrounded by macrophages were present in the mid‐stroma. Fibrosis was evident in a subepithelial location, which separated the epithelium from the anterior limiting lamina. Ultrastructurally, diffuse vacuolization of the keratocytes was observed. No other ophthalmic or systemic abnormalities were noted.ConclusionsResults suggest that lipid degeneration occurs rarely in captive falcons of advanced age. The underlying cause is unclear. Though unsubstantiated, possible contributing factors include dyslipoproteinemia, corneal trauma, diet, and age‐related alterations in corneal metabolism. The initiation of pathology at the temporal limbus, as well as slow progression, suggests that exposure contributes to the onset and progression of this unique keratopathy.
A
Numerical Analysis Method of Impurity Precipitation on Mesh Wire of Cold Trap in Fast Breeder
Reactor
Authors: Tamura Akinori , Takahashi Shiro , Nakata Hiroyuki , Takota Akio 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A fast breeder reactor (FBR) is considered as the promising technology in terms of load reduction on the environment, because the FBR has capability to improve usage efficiency of uranium resources and can reduce high-level radioactive waste which needs to be managed for millions of years. A cold trap is one of the important components in the FBR to control the impurity concentration of the liquid sodium. For accurate evaluation of the cold trap performance, we have been proposing the three-dimensional (3D) numerical analysis method of the cold trap. In this method, the evaluation of the impurity precipitation phenomena on the surface of the mesh wire of the cold trap is the key. For this, the numerical analysis method which is based on the lattice kinetic scheme (LKS) has been proposed. In order to apply the LKS to the impurity precipitation simulation of the cold trap, two models (the low Reynolds number model and the impurity precipitation model) have been developed. In this paper, we focused on the validation of these models. To confirm the validity of the low Reynolds number model, the Chapman–Enskog analysis was applied to the low Reynolds number model. As a result, it has been theoretically confirmed that the low Reynolds number model can recover the correct macroscopic equations (incompressible Navier–Stokes equations) with small error. The low Reynolds number model was also validated by the numerical simulation of two-dimensional (2D) channel flow problem with the low Reynolds number conditions which correspond to the actual cold trap conditions. These results have confirmed that the error of the low Reynolds number model is ten times smaller than that of the original LKS. The validity of the impurity precipitation model was investigated by the comparison to the precipitation experiments. In this comparison, the mesh convergence study was also conducted. These results have confirmed that the proposed impurity precipitation model can simulate the impurity precipitation phenomena on the surface of the mesh wire. It has been also confirmed that the proposed impurity precipitation model can simulate the impurity precipitation phenomenon regardless of the cell size which were tested in this investigation.