bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complicated community acquired pneumonia in childhood: Different types, clinical course, and outcome
Authors: Erlichman Ira , Breuer Oded , Shoseyov David , Cohen‐Cymberknoh Malena , Koplewitz Benjamin , Averbuch Diana , Erlichman Matti , Picard Elie , Kerem Eitan 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe incidence of pediatric community acquired complicated pneumonia (PCACP) is increasing. Questions addressed: Are different types of PCACP one disease? How do different treatment protocols affect the outcome? Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of PCACP hospitalizations in the three major hospitals in Jerusalem in the years 2001–2010 for demographics, clinical presentation, management, and outcome. Results: Of the 144 children (51% aged 1–4 years), 91% of Jewish origin; 40% had para‐pneumonic effusion (PPE), 40% empyema (EMP), and 20% necrotizing pneumonia (NP). Bacterial origin was identified in 42% (empyema 79%, P = 0.009), most common S. pneumoniae (32%), group A streptococcus (9%). Patients with EMP, compared to PPE and NP, were less likely to receive prior antibiotic treatment (35% vs. 57% and 59%, respectively, P = 0.04). Mean hospitalization was longer in patients with NP followed by EMP and PPE (16.4 ± 10.6, 15.2 ± 7.9, and 12.7 ± 4.7 days, respectively), use of fibrinolysis was not associated with the outcome. All children had recovered to discharge regardless of antibiotic therapy or fibrinolysis. Answer: NP is a more severe disease with prolonged morbidity and hospitalization in spite of prior antibiotic treatment. All types had favorable outcome regardless of treatment‐protocol. Complicated pneumonia has an ethnic predominance. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:247–254. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Weed seed inactivation in soil mesocosms via biosolarization with mature compost and tomato processing waste amendments
Authors: Achmon Yigal , Fernández‐Bayo Jesús D , Hernandez Katie , McCurry Dlinka G , Harrold Duff R , Su Joey , Dahlquist‐Willard Ruth M , Stapleton James J , VanderGheynst Jean S , Simmons Christopher W 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiosolarization is a fumigation alternative that combines passive solar heating with amendment‐driven soil microbial activity to temporarily create antagonistic soil conditions, such as elevated temperature and acidity, that can inactivate weed seeds and other pest propagules. The aim of this study was to use a mesocosm‐based field trial to assess soil heating, pH, volatile fatty acid accumulation and weed seed inactivation during biosolarization.RESULTSBiosolarization for 8 days using 2% mature green waste compost and 2 or 5% tomato processing residues in the soil resulted in accumulation of volatile fatty acids in the soil, particularly acetic acid, and >95% inactivation of Brassica nigra and Solanum nigrum seeds. Inactivation kinetics data showed that near complete weed seed inactivation in soil was achieved within the first 5 days of biosolarization. This was significantly greater than the inactivation achieved in control soils that were solar heated without amendment or were amended but not solar heated.CONCLUSIONThe composition and concentration of organic matter amendments in soil significantly affected volatile fatty acid accumulation at various soil depths during biosolarization. Combining solar heating with organic matter amendment resulted in accelerated weed seed inactivation compared with either approach alone. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Open Access UHPSFC/MS – an additional analytical resource for an academic mass spectrometry facility
Authors: Herniman Julie M. , Langley G. John 
Published: July 2016

RationaleMany compounds submitted for analysis in Chemistry at the University of Southampton do not retain, elute or ionize using open access reversed‐phase ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (RP‐UHPLC/MS) and require analysis via infusion. An ultra‐high‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography mass spectrometry approach was implemented to afford high‐throughput analysis of these compounds with chromatographic separation.MethodsA UPC2‐TQD MS system has been incorporated into the open access MS provision within Chemistry at the University of Southampton, using an ESCi source (electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization) and an atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) source. Access to instrumentation is enabled via a web‐based interface (RemoteAnalyzer™).ResultsCompounds such as fluorosugars, fullerenes, phosphoramidites, porphyrins, and rotaxanes exhibiting properties incompatible with RP‐UHPLC/MS have been analyzed using automated chromatography and mass spectrometry methods. The speedy return of data enables research in these areas to progress unhindered by sample type. The provision of an electronic web format enables easy incorporation of chromatograms and mass spectra into electronic files and reports.ConclusionsThe implementation of UHPSFC/MS increases access to a wide range of chemistries incompatible with reversed‐phase chromatography and polar solvents, enabling more than 90% of submitted samples to be analyzed using an open access approach. Further, chromatographic separation is provided where previously flow injection or infusion analyses were the only options. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of a Vertical‐Slot Fish Pass for the Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus L. and Habitat Recolonization
Authors: Pereira E. , Quintella B. R. , Mateus C. S. , Alexandre C. M. , Belo A. F. , Telhado A. , Quadrado M. F. , Almeida P. R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn 2011, a vertical‐slot fish pass was built at the Coimbra Açude‐Ponte dam (Mondego River, Portugal), approximately 45 km upstream from the river mouth. The performance of this infrastructure for sea lamprey passage was evaluated between 2011 and 2015 using several complementary methodologies, namely radio telemetry [conventional and electromyogram (EMG)], passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry and electrofishing surveys. During the study period, the electrofishing revealed a 29‐fold increase in the abundance of larval sea lamprey upstream of the fish pass. Of the 20 radio‐tagged individuals released downstream from the dam, 33% managed to find and successfully surpass the obstacle in less than 2 weeks, reaching the spawning areas located in the upstream stretch of the main river and in one important tributary. Fish pass efficiency was assessed with a PIT antenna installed in the last upstream pool and revealed a 31% efficiency, with differences between and within migratory seasons. Time of day and river flow significantly influenced the attraction efficiency of the fish pass, with lampreys negotiating it mainly during the night period and when discharge was below 50 m3 s−1. Sea lampreys tagged with EMG transmitters took 3 h to negotiate the fish pass, during which high muscular effort was only registered during passage, or passage attempts, of the vertical slots. The use of complementary methodologies provided a comprehensive passage evaluation for sea lamprey, a species for which there is a considerable paucity of valuable data concerning behavioural, physiological and environmental influences on obstacle negotiation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening the Suitability of Levee Protected Areas for Strategic Floodplain Reconnection Along the LaGrange Segment of the Illinois River, USA
Authors: Remo J. W. F. , Guida R. J. , Secchi S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLevee‐protected floodplains along the 125‐km LaGrange Segment (LGS) of the Illinois River were screened for their abiotic suitability for alternative ecosystem services (ESs), including wetland creation, habitat, floodwater denitrification and flood‐tolerant agriculture. The suitability framework developed for this study builds upon the Land Capability Potential Index and is informed by the current understanding of the linkages between river hydrology, hydraulics, floodplain soils, floodplain vegetation and floodplain nutrient cycling. In addition to screening these floodplain areas for alternative ESs, we demonstrate how this framework can be combined with economic assessments of current floodplain services to inform how strategic floodplain reconnection (i.e. restoration of hydrologic linkages between river and floodplain for the purpose of flood mitigation and provisioning of alternative ESs) could be used to work towards sustainable floodplain management. Results show that ESs increase with upstream distance from the LaGrange Lock and Dam. This is attributed to the operation of the lock and dam generating a water level that would result in the inundation of a substantial portion of floodplain (>70 km2) up to ˜60 km upstream if the levees were to be removed or set back. Comparison of the profits from current floodplain agriculture with the potential profits of flood‐tolerant agriculture suggests that overcoming the economic costs of floodplain reconnection within the LGS will likely require both conversion of reconnected floodplain lands to flood‐tolerant agriculture and payments for ESs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s from Waste Biomass: A Combined Chemical–Biological Approach
Authors: Flanagan James C. A. , Myung Jaewook , Criddle Craig S. , Waymouth Robert M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) utilizing methane and alkenoates derived from recycled PHAs is reported. Medium‐chain length (C6 – C9) and short‐chain length (C4 – C5) polyhydroxyalkanoates were catalytically pyrolyzed to generate a range of 2‐alkenoates. The microbial copolymerization of the recovered alkenoates with methane in the presence of methanotrophic bacteria generated poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) homopolymers from even‐numbered alkenoates and, significantly, poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) copolymers with tunable compositions from odd‐numbered alkenoates.
Exploring the Syntheses of Novel Glycomimetics. Carbohydrate Derivatives with Se‐S‐ or Se‐Se‐ Glycosidic Linkages
Authors: Illyés Tünde‐Zita , Balla Sára , Bényei Attila , Kumar Ambati Ashok , Timári István , Kövér Katalin E. , Szilágyi László 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA convenient route to Se‐S‐glycoside derivatives was developed using glycosyl isoselenuronium salts as glycosylselenenyl transfer reagents toward thiols. Aliphatic and aromatic thiols were found to react in the presence of N,N‐diisopropylethylamine as a base and furnished alkyl‐ or aryl glycosylselenenylsulfide derivatives. S‐glycosylselenenyl‐cysteines were obtained similarly via reactions with O,N‐protected cysteine. Reactions with monosaccharide thiols provided disaccharide mimics featuring Se‐S‐ interglycosidic bonds. Further disaccharide mimics with Se‐Se interglycosidic linkage were obtained from the starting isoselenuronium salts via reactions with protected monosaccharide derivatives bearing selenol groups in 6‐ or 4‐position. The novel glycomimetics are expected to open new perspectives in biological activities and/or mechanistic studies due, i.a., to the rather uncommon Se‐S‐ or Se‐Se bonds incorporated into a carbohydrate framework.
A new basal chaeomysticete (Mammalia: Cetacea) from the Late Oligocene Pysht Formation of Washington, USA
Authors: Peredo Carlos Mauricio , Uhen Mark D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractModern baleen‐bearing mysticetes are descendant from archaic, toothed mysticetes known from the Late Eocene and Oligocene of the Pacific Ocean. These toothed mysticetes, such as aetiocetids and mammalodontids, dominate the Oligocene fossil record. However, larger bodied eomysticetids have recently been described from the Oligocene of the Pacific and western Atlantic. These eomysticetids lack functional teeth as adults and are thus considered to be the earliest members of Chaeomysticeti. A new fossil from the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State, including a partial skull, tympanic bullae, mandibles and postcrania, is here described as Sitsqwayk cornishorum gen. et sp. nov. S. cornishorum is a Late Oligocene mysticete lacking functional teeth and is the most phylogenetically basal chaeomysticete. Accordingly, S. cornishorum exhibits a mosaic of aetiocetid and eomysticetid characteristics. The presence of S. cornishorum in the North Pacific, and its phylogenetic position relative to the eomysticetids from the Southern Ocean, suggests a possible a North Pacific point of origin for Chaeomysticeti.
A congestion reduction mechanism using D2D cooperative relay for M2M communication in the LTE‐A cellular network
Authors: Cheng Rung‐Shiang , Huang Chung‐Ming , Cheng Guan‐Shiun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Long Term Evolution‐advanced cellular network is designed for human‐to‐human communication. When a large number of machine‐to‐machine (M2M) devices are trying to access the network simultaneously, it leads to a low random access (RA) successful rate and high congestion problem, which may cause the waste of radio resources, packet loss, latency, extra power consumption, and the worst, M2M service error. There is an urge to propose an efficient method for M2M communication on the LTE‐A network to resolve the congestion problem. In this paper, we propose a congestion reduction mechanism, which can analyze and model the RA procedure on the Long Term Evolution‐advanced network, to find out the collapse point in the RA procedure and then design a scheme named device‐to‐device cooperative relay scheme to relieve the congestion problem. Meanwhile, this work also adds a relay access barring algorithm to improve performance and an RA resource separation mechanism for human‐to‐human communication. The proposed method can effectively reduce the network congestion problem. Simulation results show that the network throughput and the congestion can be significantly improved using the proposed mechanism. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Body composition dynamics of common eider during winter: An application of the deuterium dilution method
Authors: Beuth Joshua M. , Paton Peter W. C. , Osenkowski Jason E. , McWilliams Scott R. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe nearshore and offshore waters of southern New England provide some of the most important wintering habitat for sea ducks in North America. Understanding changes in sea duck body composition during winter could provide insights into current habitat quality and potential effects of anthropogenic disturbances on the body condition of sea ducks. We used the deuterium dilution method, a nonlethal approach, to investigate intraseasonal variation and differences between genders in body composition of 86 adult common eiders (Somateria mollissima) during winter (2011 and 2012) in southern New England. Both male (n = 39) and female (n = 47) eiders increased fat mass by 75% in late winter compared with early winter. Wet lean mass of males remained constant throughout the winter, while that of females decreased by 10%. These seasonal increases in fat stores of eider suggest that birds were able to secure adequate resources to improve their body condition over winter. Our estimates of body composition of eider during winter in southern New England can be used as a baseline when conducting future research to evaluate effects of anthropogenic disturbance and disease. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Mass Continuous Suture versus Layered Interrupted Suture in Transverse Abdominal Incision Closure after Liver Resection
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Hong‐Ke , Zhu Hao‐Yang , Lu Jian‐Wen , Lu Qiang , Ren Yi‐Fan , Liu Chang , Dong Jian , Du Zhao‐Qing , Liu Xue‐Min , Wu Zheng , Lv Yi , Zhang Xu‐Feng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal incision closure technique seriously influences patient prognosis. Most studies have focused on the different suture techniques and materials on midline incision, while little data are available in wide transverse or oblique incisions after liver resection (LR). The aim of the present study is to compare the two major incision suture methods after LR in our institute: Mass continuous suture (group P) and layered interrupted suture (group S).Study design258 patients undergoing LR with abdominal transverse or oblique incisions were prospectively enrolled. They were divided into two groups according to different abdominal incision suture methods and compared with the preoperative, intraoperative parameters, and postoperative wound complications.ResultsThere were 118 patients in group P and 140 patients in group S, which was similar in general condition, primary disease, liver, and renal function. Incision length, total operation time, intraoperative blood loss, or perioperative antibiotics use were not different between the two groups. However, abdominal incision closure time and interval time for stitches removing after operation was significantly shorter in group P than group S (both p < 0.001). After a median follow‐up of 16 months, the incidence of wound infection and fat liquefaction was more than two times higher in group S than group P, which, however, was not statistically different. Moreover, there was no difference in wound disruption or incisional hernia between the two groups.ConclusionsAlthough similar in occurrence of postoperative wound complications, mass continuous suture with polydioxanone seemed to be more timesaving in incision closure and motivated in wound healing.
Metabolic engineering ofAgrobacteriumsp. ATCC31749 for curdlan production from cellobiose
Authors: Shin Hyun-Dong , Liu Long , Kim Mi-Kyoung , Park Yong-Il , Chen Rachel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCurdlan is a commercial polysaccharide made by fermentation of Agrobacterium sp. Its anticipated expansion to larger volume markets demands improvement in its production efficiency. Metabolic engineering for strain improvement has so far been limited due to the lack of genetic tools. This research aimed to identify strong promoters and to engineer a strain that converts cellobiose efficiently to curdlan. Three strong promoters were identified and were used to install an energy-efficient cellobiose phosphorolysis mechanism in a curdlan-producing strain. The engineered strains were shown with enhanced ability to utilize cellobiose, resulting in a 2.5-fold increase in titer. The availability of metabolically engineered strain capable of producing β-glucan from cellobiose paves the way for its production from cellulose. The identified native promoters from Agrobacterium open up opportunities for further metabolic engineering for improved production of curdlan and other products. The success shown here marks the first such metabolic engineering effort in this microbe.
Tuning Interfacial Activity of Polymeric Resin–Surfactant/n‐Alcohol Solution Interactions
Authors: Velásquez Ingrid , Muñoz Aaron , Pereira Juan C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMeasurements of surface tension were carried out for several aqueous solutions of different amphiphilic systems. This research studied the interaction between two polymeric resins (more structure definition) (PR) and nonyl phenol ethoxylates (NP) with degrees of ethoxylation varying from 10 to 20 ethylene oxide groups. The results show that in mixtures of PR and NP20EO, the adsorption on the surface was lower, with the molecules tending to remain within the liquid. On the other hand, mixtures of PR and NP10EO have resulted in greater surface adsorption. The effect of the added alcohols was to tune the interfacial activity of the PR as function of the PR and alcohol concentrations. The general tendency of the surface tension curves to decrease with increasing PR/alcohol concentration in solutions was not significantly modified with the addition of alcohols; however, the surface tension values changed due to the addition of alcohols and a model is proposed to explain these changes, as they depend on both alcohol chain length and the PR/alcohol concentration. An emulsion stability test was performed on polymeric resins–surfactant systems to determine the correlation between their surface properties. Nonionic surfactants present in these mixtures are mainly responsible for the emulsion stability. It was concluded that mixtures of the less hydrophilic PR (PR_B) with NP10EO have good interfacial properties, including a high interfacial concentration and a low critical micellar concentration.
Effects of parenting quality on adolescents' personality resemblance to their parents. The TRAILS study
Authors: Langenhof M. Rohaa , Komdeur Jan , Oldehinkel Albertine J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis study considers the development of resemblance between 741 adolescents and their biological parents, across six NEO‐PI‐R personality traits known to be important in psychological problems: anger‐hostility, impulsiveness, vulnerability, assertiveness, excitement‐seeking, and self‐discipline. We modelled the association between perceived parental warmth and rejection at age eleven and personality resemblance to parents at about age sixteen. Parenting experienced during early adolescence was related to the degree and direction in which adolescents resembled their parents five years later in life. Rejection, especially from fathers, significantly predicted a smaller resemblance to both the parents. Girls were more strongly affected by parental quality than boys, and there was some indication that adolescents responded in opposite ways to parenting from mothers and fathers. This study is a first step in uncovering the complex interplay between parenting, gender, and the current generation's ability to develop personality traits independent from the previous generation.
Pathophysiologic Determination of Frostbite Under High Altitude Environment Simulation in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Hu Jie , Li Hua , Geng Xiliang , Jiao Lin , Song Hongping , Lou Lin , Jiao Mingke 
Published: July 2016

Objectives Pathophysiologic changes of frostbite have been postulated but rarely understood, especially the changes caused by chilly high altitude environment. Therefore, we investigated the pathophysiologic changes of high altitude frostbite (HAF) caused by cold and hypoxia. Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups, namely, control, superficial HAF (S-HAF), partial-thickness HAF (PT-HAF), full-thickness HAF (FT-HAF), and partial-thickness normal frostbite (PT-NF) groups. The S-HAF, PT-HAF, and FT-HAF groups were fed under hypobaric hypoxic conditions simulating an altitude of 5000 m. Then, the PT-NF, S-HAF, PT-HAF, and FT-HAF models were constructed by controlling the duration of the direct freezing by liquid nitrogen. Animal vital signs were measured after the operation, and histopathologic changes were observed after routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, the microcirculation of frostbite tissues was monitored and compared by contrast ultrasonography during wound healing. Results The S-HAF, PT-HAF, and FT-HAF groups showed significant differences in the microcirculatory and histopathologic changes in the various tissue layers ( P < .05). In addition, combined cold and hypoxia caused more damage to frostbite tissue than pure cold. The circulation recovery of HAF models was significantly slower relative to NF models ( P < .05). Conclusions A safe and reproducible HAF model was proposed. More important, pathophysiologic determination of HAF provided the foundation and potential for developing novel and effective frostbite therapies.