bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Descriptive terminology for the sensory evaluation of soy sauce
Authors: Imamura Miho 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAlthough soy sauce is a globally used seasoning, its sensory properties have not been fully revealed. Here, the sensory characteristics of 149 soy sauces were examined using descriptive analyses. Eighty‐eight attributes were identified and integrated them into a flavor wheel. Aroma was the sensory modality described most often, suggesting that soy sauce's aroma is likely important in characterizing its sensory quality. Nineteen out of 88 attributes were found in all soy sauces implying their importance in representing a soy sauce‐like quality. These 19 attributes allowed the discrimination of manufacturing methods and the successful generation of a comparison map. Other attributes appeared infrequently, indicating that all soy sauces are unique and that these attributes can be utilized to describe subtle differences in their characters.Practical applicationSince soy sauce has become a globally used seasoning, it is meaningful to define its attributes for sensory evaluation. Establishing the sensory attributes of soy sauce allows us to describe each soy sauce objectively and share sensory perceptions among consumers, producers, and researchers. A flavor wheel would facilitate people's systematical understanding of the sensory characteristics of soy sauce. Also sensory evaluation using a flavor wheel would be helpful in finding previously unrecognized attractive or non‐attractive characteristics in soy sauces, which ultimately affects purchase decisions. Defining the minimum attributes required for creating a soy sauce positioning map would save a great deal of time and money for product development. Finally, knowledge about the relationship between sensory qualities and the manufacturing process and/or production area would be helpful in regards to product development and purchasing decisions.
Pathogen and antimicrobial resistance profiles of culture‐proven neonatal sepsis in Southwest China, 1990–2014
Authors: Lu Qi , Zhou Min , Tu Yan , Yao Yao , Yu Jialin , Cheng Shupeng 
Published: August 2016

AimNeonatal sepsis (NS) sustains high mortality and morbidity in China, but data on the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of NS pathogens are limited.MethodsThe clinical features, aetiology and antimicrobial resistance of culture‐proven NS were analysed over a period of 25 years in the metropolitan city of Chongqing in Southwest China.ResultsThe occurrence rates of neonatal early‐onset sepsis (EOS) were found to gradually decrease while late‐onset sepsis (LOS) was kept stable from 1990 to 2014. Although coagulase‐negative staphylococcus (CoNS) sepsis accounted for most infections, the occurrence rates of CoNS sepsis gradually decreased, especially in EOS. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella were common Gram‐negative bacteria. The occurrence rates of E. coli and Klebsiella remained stable in EOS; however, in LOS, those had increased mildly, especially from 2009 to 2014. Although a high‐degree resistance to common first‐ and second‐line antimicrobials was observed for the main causative pathogens of NS, the gentamicin‐resistance rate declined gradually from the year 2003. Similarly, the ceftazidime‐resistance rate of E. coli dropped gradually from the year 2007.ConclusionsThe alarmingly high degree of antibiotic resistance calls for urgent evaluation and development of antibiotic policy and protocols for the treatment of NS. Clinicians should strictly control the antibiotics use, decrease invasive manipulations and shorten hospitalisation to prevent LOS.
Infection Process of Burkholderia glumae Before Booting Stage of Rice
Authors: Li Lu , Wang Ling , Liu Lian‐Meng , Hou Yu‐Xuan , Li Qi‐Qin , Huang Shi‐Wen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBurkholderia glumae is a well‐known pathogen for causing bacterial panicle blight of rice. In this study, the infection process of B. glumae in rice plants at different growing stages was tracked by means of real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Burkholderia glumae tended to colonize at the growing point of rice plants, and the biomass of population was 104 to 108 CFU/g. The most intensive colonization was detected in the upmost leaf in the two‐leaf period. However, after the two‐leaf period, the population of pathogens decreased significantly, and they successfully recovered in the booting stage and broke out in panicles. We also illustrated the incubation location of B. glumae by presenting the infection pattern in the seedling and tillering stage of rice. Under fluorescent microscopy, the gfp‐labelled pathogens were first found in the vascular bundle of lateral roots, taproots and injured cells, then they were observed in the root hairs, epidermal cells and main root cap. The pathogens in the vascular bundle laterally dispersed towards the epidermal cells. By spray application of a bacterial suspension, the pathogens landed on the leaf sheaths and leaves, colonized in the epidermal hairs and leaf hairs, or invaded into the cells through the stomas. At the same time, the pathogens from the vascular bundle of the roots spread into the vascular bundle of leaf sheaths and leaves, which caused the leaves to curl and wilt, beginning from the tip.
The Effect of Exposure to Decreasing Relative Humidity on the Viability of Phytophthora ramorum sporangia
Authors: Tooley Paul W. , Browning Marsha 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSporangia of three isolates of Phytophthora ramorum representing three different clonal lineages were subjected to relative humidity (RH) levels between 80 and 100% for exposure periods ranging from 1 to 24 h at 20°C in darkness. Plastic containers (21.5 × 14.5 × 5 cm) were used as humidity chambers with 130 ml of glycerine solution added to each container. Glycerine concentrations corresponded to 100, 95, 90, 85 and 80% RH based on refractive index measurements. Sporangia suspensions were pipeted onto nitrile mesh squares (1.5 × 1.5 cm, 15 micron pore size) which were placed in the humidity chambers and incubated at 20°C in darkness. Following exposure periods of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h, mesh squares were inverted onto Petri dishes of selective medium and sporangia germination assessed after 24 and 48 h. At 100% RH, we observed a mean value of 88% germination after 1 h exposure declining to 18% germination following 24 h incubation. At 95% RH, a steeper decline in germination was noted, with means ranging from 79% at 1 h to less than 1% at 24 h exposure. At 90% RH, no germination was noted after 8 or more h exposure, and values were 57%, 22% and 3% germination for the 1, 2 and 4 h exposures, respectively. Germination was only observed at 1 h exposure for both the 85% RH treatment (52% germination) and the 80% RH treatment (38% germination). The three isolates responded similarly over the range of RH values tested. The germination response of P. ramorum sporangia to RH values between 80% and 100% was comparable to that reported for other Phytophthora species. Knowledge of conditions that affect P. ramorum sporangia germination can shed light on pathogenesis and epidemic potential and lead to improved control recommendations.
Molecular Identification and Diversity of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ Associated with Red‐leaf Disease of Salvia miltiorrhiza in China
Authors: Yang Ruihuan , Wang Guiwei , Wang Sai , Zhang Di , Wei Liangzhu , Chen Haimin , Li Ou , Hu Xiufang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractReddening disease has recently been threatening Salvia miltiorrhiza in China, ranging from 30 to 50%. The main symptoms observed, such as plant stunting, inflorescence malformation, leaf reddening, fibrous roots browning, skin blackening and eventually root rot, are typically associated with phytoplasma infection. The presence of phytoplasmas was demonstrated through phytoplasma‐specific PCR, with the expected amplification (1.8 kb) from symptomatic S. miltiorrhiza plants from Shangluo, Shangzhou and Luonan fields in Shaanxi Province of China. The sequences of 16S rRNA, tuf, secY and vmp1 genes amplified from LN‐1 phytoplasma shared the closest homologies of 99%, 100%, 99% and 98% with those of the reference strain Candidatus Phytoplasma solani (subgroup 16SrXII‐A), respectively. The phylogenetic trees showed that LN‐1 phytoplasma clustered with the members of 16SrXII‐A group, including Ca. P. solani. Computer‐simulated restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis further supported this classification. Diversity analysis showed that all ‘Ca. P. solani’ strains identified from the three different regions examined shared 100% identical 16S rRNA, tuf, secY and vmp1 nucleotide sequences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of phytoplasma infecting the medicinal plant of S. miltiorrhiza. The results demonstrate that ‘Ca. P. solani’ is the presumptive aetiological agent of S. miltiorrhiza reddening disease in China.
Penetration and Reproduction of Meloidogyne javanica on Leguminous Crops
Authors: Miamoto Angélica , Dias‐Arieira Cláudia R. , Cardoso Michelly R. , Puerari Heriksen H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe use of antagonist plants is one of the most effective methods in the management of root–knot nematodes, and several plants recommended for this purpose are nitrogen‐fixing plants that act as green manure because of the amount of mass produced. The mode of action of some species has already been investigated, but this has yet to be elucidated for many plants researched as antagonists. Thus, this study aimed to assess the penetration and reproduction of Meloidogyne javanica on the root system of three species of crotalaria, as well as Mucuna deeringiana, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Macrotyloma axillare and Stylosanthes capitata, with soya bean used as control treatment. Thus, plants inoculated with the nematode were assessed 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after inoculation (DAI), for nematode penetration and development. After 60 days of inoculation, the nematode reproduction factor (RF) was assessed. The plants did not prevent M. javanica penetration, which differed at varying degrees, according to the time of assessment and the plant species investigated. However, the nematode reproduction was impaired in all the leguminous crops assessed, with (RF)<1 in all the plants, while in soya bean the RF values were 2.85 and 2.56, in the respective experiments.
A Cocktail ELISA Semi‐nested RT‐PCR Assay to Detect Bean pod mottle virus in Soya bean Seeds
Authors: Jin Jing , Shen Jianguo , Cai Wei , Liao Furong , Gao Fangluan , Chen Xihong , Wu Zujian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBean pod mottle virus (BPMV) has been identified as an important pathogen for plant quarantine in China because large quantities of soya bean seeds (approximately 7 × 107 tons) are imported annually. To develop a practical detection programme for BPMV, a cocktail enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) nested RT‐PCR using a combination of serological and molecular methods was designed for soya bean seeds. The single‐vessel detection assay was performed in a 96‐well ELISA plate, which served as a carrier for the subsequent nested RT‐PCR assay. Assay specificity was demonstrated by the production of the expected 330‐ and 296‐bp bands using the external and internal primers, respectively. This method was 104‐fold more sensitive than immunocapture‐RT‐PCR (IC‐RT‐PCR). In particular, it is important to note that this assay resulted in successful micro‐extraction from soya bean seeds and combined the advantages of each individual technique. The cocktail ELISA nested RT‐PCR is a specific, sensitive, rapid and economical procedure to rapidly identify and characterize BPMV and could be suitable for both primary‐level platforms and laboratories.
Molecular cloning of melatonin 3‐hydroxylase and its production of cyclic 3‐hydroxymelatonin in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Lee Kyungjin , Zawadzka Anna , Czarnocki Zbigniew , Reiter Russel J. , Back Kyoungwhan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMelatonin is metabolized in animals to cyclic 3‐hydroxymelatonin (3‐OHM) not by an enzymatic pathway, but by interaction with hydroxyl radicals. The production of 3‐OHM in animals suggests the possible presence of 3‐OHM in plants. Prior to the identification of 3‐OHM in plants, we directly cloned the corresponding gene(s) responsible for 3‐OHM synthesis using Escherichia coli library strains expressing genes belonging to the 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase (2‐ODD) superfamily from rice. Three of 35 E. coli library strains supplemented with 1 mmol/L melatonin were found to produce 3‐OHM in their extracellular medium, suggestive of three 2‐ODD genes involved in 3‐OHM production. The purified recombinant 2‐ODD 11, 2‐ODD 26, and 2‐ODD 33 proteins were shown to catalyze the metabolism of melatonin to 3‐OHM, with 2‐ODD 11 showing the highest melatonin 3‐hydroxylase (M3H) catalytic activity. Consistent with the presence of M3H genes, rice leaves supplemented with 5 mmol/L melatonin produced 3‐OHM [233 μg/g fresh weight (FW)], 2‐hydroxymelatonin (21 μg/g FW), and N1‐acetyl‐N2‐formyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine (5 μg/g FW). Three M3H transcripts were induced upon the treatment of rice leaves with cadmium followed by an increase in M3H enzyme activity. Cloning of M3H genes in plants has paved the way for the studies of melatonin in plants in terms of its multiple physiological roles.
Development and preliminary evaluation of culturally specific web‐based intervention for parents of adolescents
Authors: Choi H. , Kim S. , Ko H. , Kim Y. , Park C. G. 
Published: August 2016

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Problematic parent–child relationships have been identified as one of the main predictors of adolescents' mental health problems, but there are few existing interventions that address this issue.
The format and delivery method of existing interventions for parents are relatively inaccessible for parents with full‐time jobs and families living in rural areas.

What does this paper add to existing knowledge?

The newly developed ‘Stepping Stone’ culturally specific web‐based intervention, which is intended to help Korean parents of adolescents to acquire both knowledge and communication and conflict management skills, was found to be feasible and well‐accepted by parents.
This study enabled us to identify areas for improvement in the content and format of the intervention and strategies. This will potentially increase effect sizes for the outcome variables of parents' perception and behaviours.

What are the implications for practice?

This web‐based intervention could be delivered across diverse settings, such as schools and community mental health centers, to increase parents' knowledge of adolescent's mental health and allow for early detection of mental health problems.
Mental health nurses working in schools may spend a significant amount of time addressing students' mental health issues; thus, this web‐based intervention could be a useful resource to share with parents and children. In this way, the mental health nurses could facilitate parental engagement in the intervention and then help them to continue to apply and practice the knowledge and skills obtained through the program.

AbstractIntroductionThere is a need for accessible, culturally specific web‐based interventions to address parent–child relationships and adolescents' mental health.AimsThis study developed and conducted a preliminary evaluation of a 4‐week web‐based intervention for parents of adolescents aged 11 to 16 years in Korea.MethodsWe used a two‐group, repeated measures, quasi‐experimental study design to assess the feasibility of developing and implementing a web‐based intervention for parents. Descriptive statistics, chi‐square and t tests, and mixed effect modeling were used for data analysis.ResultsThe intervention and 1‐month follow‐up survey were completed by 47 parents in the intervention group and 46 parents in the attention control (AC) group. The intervention was found to be feasible and well‐accepted by parents.DiscussionThis culturally specific web‐based intervention is a useful tool for knowledge dissemination among large numbers of parents. Areas for improvement in the content and format of the intervention and strategies to elicit significant parent–child interactions are provided.Implications for practice and conclusionThe intervention could be disseminated in collaboration with mental health nurses working in schools to facilitate parents' participation.
Regorafenib induced severe toxic hepatitis: characterization and discussion
Authors: Sacré Anne , Lanthier Nicolas , Dano Hélène , Aydin Selda , Leggenhager Daniela , Weber Achim , Dekairelle Anne‐France , De Cuyper Astrid , Gala Jean‐Luc , Humblet Yves , Sempoux Christine , Van den Eynde Marc 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundRegorafenib is the first small‐molecule multikinase inhibitor which showed survival benefits in pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. Besides classical adverse events of this drug class, hepatotoxicity has been described as a frequent side effect.Material and MethodsPatients with refractory mCRC treated with regorafenib in our institution were reviewed. Severe treatment‐related liver toxicity was investigated. Clinical history, liver histology and genetic assessment (sequence analysis) of cytochrome P3A4 (CYP3A4) and uridine diphosphate‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9) involved in regorafenib metabolization were here reported for patients with severe hepatotoxicity.ResultsAmong the 93 reviewed patients, 3 presented severe and icteric toxic hepatitis which was fatal for 1 patient. Histopathological liver lesions were different depending on the onset of hepatotoxicity (acute or subacute): acinar zone 3 necrosis in case of acute symptoms, and portal tract inflammation with porto‐central bridging and fibrosis in the delayed presentation. None of the patients had CYP3A4 gene mutations. Similar polymorphisms in UGT1A9 gene promoter region (UGT1A9 variant –118T9>10 [rs3832043]) were found in both patients who presented acute hepatitis. Moreover, it appears retrospectively that both of them already experienced significant toxicity under irinotecan‐based chemotherapy.ConclusionThis is the first report of severe hepatotoxicity with available liver histology and genetic assessment of enzymes involved in regorafenib metabolization. This report also reminds the importance of close liver tests monitoring during regorafenib treatment.
Lack of genetic variation prevents adaptation at the geographic range margin in a damselfly
Authors: Takahashi Yuma , Suyama Yoshihisa , Matsuki Yu , Funayama Ryo , Nakayama Keiko , Kawata Masakado 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWhat limits a species' distribution in the absence of physical barriers? Genetic load due to asymmetric gene flow and the absence of genetic variation due to lack of gene flow are hypothesized to constrain adaptation to novel environments in marginal populations, preventing range expansion. Here, we examined the genetic structure and geographic variation in morphological traits in two damselflies (Ischnura asiatica and I. senegalensis) along a latitudinal gradient in Japan, which is the distribution centre of I. asiatica and the northern limit of I. senegalensis. Genomewide genetic analyses found a loss of genetic diversity at the edge of distribution in I. senegalensis but consistently high diversity in I. asiatica. Gene flow was asymmetric in a south–north direction in both species. Although body size and wing loading showed decreasing latitudinal clines (smaller in north) in I. asiatica in Japan, increasing latitudinal clines (larger in north) in these phenotypic markers were observed in I. senegalensis, particularly near the northern boundary, which coincided well with the location where genetic diversity began a sharp decline. In ectothermic animals, increasing latitudinal cline in these traits was suggested to be established when they failed to adapt to thermal gradient. Therefore, our findings support the possibility that a lack of genetic variation rather than geneflow swamping is responsible for the constraint of adaptation at the margin of geographic distribution.
Meningeal Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral PNET: Clinicopathological, Immunohistochemical and FISH study of four cases
Authors: Ke Changshu , Duan Qiuhong , Yang Hui , Zhu Feng , Yan Meng , Xu San‐peng , Zhou Sheng , Wan Feng , Shu Kai , Lei Ting , Xia Li‐ming 
Published: August 2016

Meningeal Ewing Sarcoma (ES)/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) is a rare diagnostically challenging small round cell tumor in the CNS. This study investigates the clinical pathological features of four cases of this tumor from archives of 6 years in our hospital. Patients were within the median age of 21.5 years and male to female ratio was 1:1. The tumors distributed at the supra‐tentorial location, posterior fossa and lumbar vertebral canal, usually presenting as the dura‐sited nodule or having close connection with the meninges within the cranium or vertebral canal. Histopathologically, small round undifferentiated tumor cells with hypercellularities, scant cytoplasm and inconspicuous nucleoli were observed, although some components such as atypical larger vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli of tumor cells, necrotic foci and mesenchymal collagen proliferation forming the lobular structure, were also appreciated. Immunohistochemally, tumor cells displayed membranous positivity of CD99 (4/4), nuclear positivity of FLI‐1 (4/4) and NKX2.2 (4/4), negativity of EMA, GFAP and synaptophysin expression. The histochemical PAS staining showed weak positivity in one case. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test using EWSR1 (22q12) dual color break apart rearrangement probe showed positive results in two cases. Results suggest that using a panel of immunohistochemical markers, including NKX2.2, CD99, FLI‐1, EMA, GFAP and synaptophysin, combined with the supplementary EWSR1 FISH test, helps to define the diagnosis of meningeal ES/pPNET of CNS.
Stigmatization toward irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease in an online cohort
Authors: Taft T. H. , Bedell A. , Naftaly J. , Keefer L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundStigma is associated with many negative health outcomes. Research has examined perceived and internalized stigma in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but less has been done to evaluate levels of enacted stigma associated with these conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of enacted stigma toward IBS and IBD in the general population compared to an adult‐onset asthma (AOA) control group.MethodsParticipants were recruited via social media and a research‐dedicated website and completed all measures online. Participants were randomized to one of six clinical vignettes: (i) IBD male, (ii) IBD female, (iii) IBS male, (iv) IBS female, (v) AOA male, or (vi) AOA female. Participants read the assigned vignette and then completed measures of emotional empathy, level of familiarity, and enacted stigma.Key ResultsParticipants reported higher levels of enacted stigma toward IBS compared to both IBD and AOA. No differences in stigma were found between IBD and AOA. Higher levels of familiarity were most strongly correlated with reduced IBD‐related stigma, with weaker but still significant correlations between level of familiarity and IBS and AOA. Higher levels of emotional empathy were associated with reduced stigma for IBD, IBS, and AOA.Conclusions & InferencesIndividuals with IBS experience greater levels of enacted stigma compared to IBD and AOA. This finding is consistent with previous research that has shown greater levels of perceived and internalized stigma in IBS compared to IBD.