bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polygraphic Sleep Recordings before and after the Administration of Flunitrazepam
Authors: Jovanović U J 
Published: January 2017

By means of polygraphic sleep recordings (EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG’ EDG, Respirogram, Positogram), neurologic-psychologic investigations and questionnaires on subjective feeling, ten patients aged from 22 to 40 years (mean: 29 years), who suffered from irregular disturbances in falling asleep and in sleeping continuously, were examined over a period of ten consecutive nights. The first investigation night was reserved for adaptation of the patients and could therefore not be evaluated. On the following three evenings placebo (Placebo I) was given, then 2 mg of flunitrazepam for the ensuing three nights and placebo again (Placebo II) for the last three nights. Thus, 90 investigation nights could be evaluated. The following results were obtained: Latency times until the patients felt asleep and up to the first deep sleep were reduced significantly by the active preparation. Latency times up to the first REM-phase were prolonged. The frequency of nocturnal awakenings was lessened significantly. Thus, disturbances in sleeping continuously disappeared for the duration of the treatment. Duration of wakefulness after having woken during the night decreased considerably. Duration of wakefulness during the total night was reduced considerably, deeper sleep stages, such as D (stage III) and E(stage IV) were prolonged. Duration of the REM-phases was reduced slightly. This reduction was not significant according to the t-test. According to these results, the preparation showed a clear effect. A placebo-effect can be excluded, since the improvements mentioned were not found when placebo was given before administration of the medication and afterwards (Placebo I and II). When comparing our results to those of other authors, who described the effects of various preparations, we found that the substance flunitrazepam showed different effects.
A Comparative Study of Epicillin and Chloramphenicol in the Treatment of Enteric Fever
Authors: Hassau A , Sippel J , Farid Z , Tadros S S , Brian M 
Published: January 2017

One hundred patients with acute enteric fever were randomly assigned to treatment with either chloramphenicol 50 mg/kg body-weight or epicillin 1 g six hourly. Eighty-one patients had a positive blood culture for typhoid or paratyphoid bacilli and nineteen had a positive stool culture with a significant Widal titre. All fifty patients in the group treated with chloramphenicol responded, however there was one relapse with bacteraemia. In the group treated with epicillin, six from the total of fifty patients were considered treatment failures. Treatment was considered as a failure if the patient was febrile after ten days treatment or if there was a deterioration despite antibiotic therapy.
Once-Daily Treatment for Mixed Anxiety/Depressive States: A Comparison of Slow Release Amitriptyline and Fluphenazine with Nortriptyline
Authors: Magnus R V , Schiff A A 
Published: January 2017

Patients suffering from mixed anxiety/depressive states referred to a psychiatric out-patient clinic completed a four week course of either a once-daily tablet of 30 mg nortriptyline with 1· 5 mg fluphenazine, or a sustained release capsule of 50 mg amitriptyline once daily, on a double-blind basis. Depression improved satisfactorily on either treatment, but there was a greater reduction of anxiety on fluphenazine/nortriptyline. Drowsiness, however, occurred more frequently among the patients on amitriptyline, suggesting the sedative properties of this drug did not substitute adequately for a specific anxiolytic effect. Dry mouth was also noticeably more frequent with amitriptyline. As might be expected on pharmacokinetic and physiological grounds, the results suggest that the sustained release characteristics of the amitriptyline preparation lead to a maximization of side-effects during the day without conferring any therapeutic advantage.
A Comparison of Butoconazole Nitrate Cream with Econazole Nitrate Cream for the Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Authors: Ruf H. , Vitse M. 
Published: January 2017

In a randomized, single-blind, parallel study the safety and efficacy of 2% butoconazole nitrate cream used for 3 days were compared with those of 1% econazole nitrate cream used for 7 days at night in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Patients in both treatment groups had positive potassium hydroxide smears and fungal cultures, and were similar in age, disease duration and history, obstetric history and contraceptive use. Of the 75 patients enrolled, 63 with a Candida albicans infection were included in the efficacy analyses. Evaluations were made at the start of the study (visit 1), after 10 – 23 days (visit 2) and after 24 − 45 days (visit 3). Both drugs significantly reduced all signs and symptoms, and at visits 2 and 3 the percentages of patients considered microbiologically, clinically and therapeutically cured were consistently higher for butoconazole-than for econazole-treated patients, although differences were not statistically different. Although both drugs were safe and well tolerated, it is concluded that butoconazole because of its much shorter regimen and superior clinical and microbiological performance was the drug of choice. Lors d'une étude parallèle randomisée en simple aveugle, l'innocuité et l'efficacité du nitrate de butoconazole crème à 2% appliqué pendant 3 jours ont été comparées à celles du nitrate d'éconazole crème à 1% administré la nuit pendant 7 jours à des patientes présentant une candidose vulvo-vaginale. Les deux groupes présentaient des cultures et des frottis à l'hydroxyde de potassium positifs et étaient comparables au point de vue âge, durée et évolution de l'infection, antécedents obstétricaux et utilisation de contraceptifs. Sur les 75 patientes traitées, 63 présentant une infection à Candida albicans ont été incluses dans l'analysis d'efficacité. Des évaluations ont été effectuées au début de l'étude (visite 1), après 10 à 23 jours (visite 2), et après 24 à 45 jours (visite 3). Les deux médicaments ont nettement réduit tous les signes cliniques et les symptômes, et lors des visites 2 et 3 les pourcentages de patientes considérées comme microbiologiquement, cliniquement et thérapeutiquement guéries étaient régulièrement plus élevés chez celles traitées avec le butoconazole que chez celles traitées avec l'éconazole, bien que les différences n'aient pas été statistiquement significatives. Comme les deux produits se sont révélés sans danger et ont été bien tolérés, nous conclusons que le butoconazole, à cause de son effet beaucoup plus rapide et de ses performances cliniques et microbiologiques supérieures, constitue le traitement de choix.
An Evaluation of the Antihistamine Activity of Acrivastine and Its Onset in Human Skin
Authors: Manna V K , Marks P , Gibson J R 
Published: January 2017

In a double-blind, two-period crossover study, 24 healthy volunteers were evaluated to establish the time of onset of action of activity of acrivastine in suppressing the weal and flare response to intradermally injected histamine. Volunteers received single doses of 8 mg acrivastine and placebo according to a fully randomized, balanced treatment plan. Acrivastine significantly ( P < 0.002) reduced the flare response induced by 0.4 μg histamine challenge 15 min after oral acrivastine dosing when compared with placebo. A significant ( P < 0.001) reduction of the weal response was noted at 25 min, although trends in this direction were already present at earlier time points. Dans d'une étude croisée à deux phase, réalisée en double aveugle et ayant porté sur 24 volontaires sains, on a tenté d'établir le moment du début de l'action de l'acrivastine dans la suppression de la réponse inflammatoire consécutive à l'injection intradermique d'histamine. Les volontaires ont reçu des doses uniques de 8 mg d'acrivastine et de placebo, selon un plan de traitement entièrement randomisé et équilibré. L'acrivastine a réduit significativement ( P < 0,002) la réponse de rubéfaction induite par 0,4 μg d'histamine 15 minutes après l'administration orale d'acrivastine, par rapport au placebo. Une réduction significative ( P < 0,001) de la réponse d'enflure a été notée à 25 minutes, bien qu'une tendance en ce sens ait déjà été observée à un stade plus précoce.
Multicentre Clinical Placebo-Controlled Study with Buflomedil in the Treatment of Mild Dementia of Vascular Origin
Authors: Cucinotta D , Casucci M A Aveni , Pedrazzi F , Ponari O , Capodaglio M , Valdina P , Toxiri I , Bartorelli L , Granata Q , Franzini C , Terranova R , Reggio S 
Published: January 2017

A study was carried out in 73 male or female patients suffering from mild vascular dementia. The experimental protocol involved an initial run-in period (14 days) and subsequent double-blind, randomized treatment with 300 mg buflomedil or placebo given orally twice daily for 90 days. At the end of this treatment period, all patients received buflomedil for a further 90 days and, thereafter, patients received buflomedil or no further treatment for another 90 days. The efficacy of buflomedil was monitored using rating scales and neuropsychological tests. The findings of the study indicate that buflomedil improved the symptoms of vascular dementia; the most improvement was recorded in patients who had received buflomedil for the longest period. Inadequacy, cooperation, psycho-affective disorders, self-care and somatic complaints were positively influenced by buflomedil. The efficacy of buflomedil may be due to its effects on platelet aggregation and improvement in blood flow distribution to the ischaemic brain and oxygenation of brain tissue. E' stato condotto uno studio su 73 pazienti maschi o femmine affetti da leggera demenza vascolare. Il protocollo sperimentale comportava un periodo iniziale preliminare (14 giorni) ed un successivo trattamento randomizzato in doppio cieco con somministrazione orale di 300 mg di buflomedil o di placebo due volte al giorno per 90 giorni. Al termine di tale periodo di trattamento, tutti i pazienti ricevettero buflomedil per ulteriori 90 giorni e poi, per altri 90 giorni, alcuni pazienti continuarono la terapia con buflomedil mentre altri non vennero sottoposti ad alcun trattamento. L'efficacia del buflomedil venne controllata usando scale di valutazione e test neuropsicologici. I risultati dello studio indicano che il buflomedil allevia i sintomi della demenza vascolare. I maggiori miglioramenti vennero riportati nei pazienti ai quali era stato somministrato buflomedil per il periodo più lungo. Problemi di inadeguatezza, cooperazione, psico-affettività, cura della propria persona e disturbi somatici furono tutti positivamente influenzati dal buflomedil. L'efficacia di questo farmaco potrebbe essere attribuita ai propri effetti sull'aggregazione delle piastrine, sulla migliore distribuzione del flusso ematico nel cervello ischemico e sull'ossigenazione dei tessuti cerebrali.
A Comparison of Azelastine Nasal Spray and Cetirizine Tablets in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Passali D , Piragine F 
Published: January 2017

A total of 40 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were treated with either azelastine nasal spray 0.14 mg/nostril twice daily (0.56 mg/day) or cetirizine tablets 10 mg once daily. Treatment was for a period of eight weeks. The rhinitis symptoms were evaluated according to a four-point scale (0 = absent, 3 = severe). The Total Rhinitis Symptom Score (TRSS) was derived from the sum of the individual symptom scores. Symptoms were assessed at baseline prior to treatment and at weeks 2, 4 and 8. Compared to baseline, TRSS for both the azelastine and cetirizine groups were less at each assessment during treatment, a slight nonsignificant advantage was seen in the azelastine group. At the end of the study, physicians rated global efficacy as being ‘good’ or ‘excellent’ in 73.7% of azelastine patients and 55.5% of cetirizine patients. Both treatments were well tolerated and no serious adverse events were reported, however, two cetirizine patients withdrew from the study because of somnolence. In conclusion, azelastine has been shown to be at least as effective as cetirizine in the relief of the symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis. Un campione clinico di 20 + 20 pazienti con rinite allergica è stato trattato con Azelastina spray nasale alla dose di 2 puff da 0.14 mg/narice/die (0.56 mg/die) o con 1 compressa/die di Cetirizina da 10 mg. La durata del trattamento è stata di 8 settimane. I sintomi di rinite sono stati valutati in base ad una scala a 4 punti (in cui 0 = assente o scomparso, 3 = sintomo grave). Il Punteggio Totale dei Sintomi di Rinite (PTSR) è stato ottenuto addizionando i punteggi dei singoli sintomi. I sintomi sono stati rilevati prima dei trattamenti (valore basale) e successivamente ad intervalli di 2, 4 e 8 settimane. Ad ogni rilevamento nel corso del trattamento si è riscontrata una diminuzione del PTSR rispetto al valore basale, in entrambi i gruppi di trattamento. Nel gruppo Azelastina si è manifestata una maggiore diminuzione del punteggio, non statisticamente significativa. Alla conclusione dello studio i ricercatori hanno definita “eccellente” o “buona” l'efficacia nel 73.7% del casi trattati con Azelastina Spray Nasale e nel 55.5% di quelli trattati con Cetirizina. Entrambi i trattamenti sono stati ben tollerati e non si sono rilevati effetti collaterali. In conclusione, Azelastina Spray Nasale, ha dimostrato efficacia comparabile a quella di Cetirizina compresse nell'alleviare i sintomi della rinite allergica.
Meningoencephalomyelitis in Horses Associated with Equine Herpesvirus 1 Infection
Authors: Charltons K. M. , Mitchell D. , Girard A. , Corner A. H. 
Published: January 2017

During an outbreak of abortion caused by equine herpesvirus 1, a neurologic disease characterized clinically by dullness and ataxia occurred in several mares. Equine herpesvirus 1 was isolated from brain and lung of two severely affected mares. Histologically, both mares had disseminated meningoencephalomyelitis characterized by necrotizing arteritis, focal malacia in grey and white matter of brain and spinal cord, and accumulation of lymphocytes and neutrophils in paravertebral ganglia. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies occurred in foci of necrosis in thyroid adenomas of both mares.
Histologic and Ultrastructural Evaluation of Thyroid Lesions Associated with Hypothyroidism in Dogs
Authors: Gosselin S. J. , Capen C. C. , Martin S. L. 
Published: January 2017

Thyroid lesions in 16 pet dogs with hypothyroidism were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Lymphocytic thyroiditis, found in seven dogs, was characterized by diffuse infiltration of the thyroid gland by lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages with formation of some lymphoid nodules and destruction of follicles, progressing to replacement of most of the thyroid by fibrous connective tissue. The basement membrane around follicles was thick and had electron-dense deposits. The morphology of the thyroid lesions and the presence of circulating thyroglobulin autoantibodies suggested that lymphocytic thyroiditis was immune-mediated. Idiopathic follicular atrophy, found in nine dogs, was characterized by loss of thyroid parenchyma and replacement by adipose connective tissue. Degeneration of individual follicular cells was present in the early stage, with exfoliation into the colloid and interfollicular area. Most of the thyroid gland consisted of adipose connective tissue with either interspersed small follicles or individual follicular cells that had dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, large Golgi apparatus, and intracytoplasmic microfollicles in the advanced stage. Follicular atrophy was a degenerative lesion of follicular cells of unknown cause, not associated with inflammatory destruction in the thyroid gland.
Association of clinical headache features with stroke location: An MRI voxel-based symptom lesion mapping study
Authors: Seifert Christian L , Schönbach Etienne M , Zimmer Claus , Förschler Annette , Tölle Thomas R , Feurer Regina , Gempt Jens , Papadopoulou Athina , Magon Stefano , Sprenger Till , Poppert Holger 
Published: January 2017

Background We have recently shown that the presence of headache in ischemic stroke is associated with lesions of the insular cortex. The aim of this post-hoc subgroup analysis was to investigate the association of specific headache features with stroke location in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods In this observational study, patients (mean age: 61.5, 58% males) with ischemic stroke and acute headache (n = 49) were investigated. Infarcts were manually outlined on 3D diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and transformed into standard stereotaxic space; lesions of the left hemisphere were mirrored in the x-axis to allow a voxel-wise group analysis of all patients. We analyzed the association of lesion location and the following phenotypical characteristics by voxel-based symptom lesion mapping: Headache intensity, different qualities of headache (pulsating, tension-type like and stabbing), and the presence of nausea, of cranial autonomic symptoms and of light or noise sensitivity. Results Headache intensity was associated with lesions of the posterior insula, the operculum and the cerebellum. “Pulsating” headache occurred with widespread cortical and subcortical strokes. The presence of “tension-like” and “stabbing” headache was not related to specific lesion patterns. Nausea was associated with lesions in the posterior circulation territory. Cranial-autonomic symptoms were related to lesions of the parietal lobe, the somatosensory cortex (SI) and the middle temporal cortex. The presence of noise sensitivity was associated with cerebellar lesions, whereas light sensitivity was not related to specific lesions in our sample. Conclusion Headache phenotype in ischemic stroke appears to be related to specific ischemic lesion patterns.
On the Metho Dology of Discourse Analysis and Content Analysis
Authors: Achard par Pierre 
Published: January 2017

Sur la methodologie de l'analyse de discours et de l'analyse de contenu. A travers des e xemples d'analyse de t e xtes economiques par une methode formelle d'analyse sociolingu ist iq ue, l 'auteur revel e non seulement des relations entre les econo mistes et Ie pouvoir d'Etat, mais aussi que ces exemples eu x-me mes fo nt p a r t i e de ces relations. Analyse de disc ours, analyse de contenu, methodologie, sociolinguistique, economie, education, pouvoi r d'Etat. Through examples of analysis of econom ic t ex t s by method of sociolinguistics, the author reveals not relations between economists and state power, but also these examples themselves are part of the relations. analysis, content analysis, methodology, soci ol i economy, educatio n, state power.
Pulsatile Blood Flow from Impeller Pump: A Dream Has Come True
Authors: Qian Kun-Xi 
Published: January 2017

For decades many investigations have been made on producing a pulsatile blood flow with an impeller pump. It has been foiled because of excessive hemolysis. Other investigators foretold that a pulsatile centrifugal pump is impossible in the near future, without increasing the complexity of the system remarkably. The author has presevered in this study and made progress steadily. An axial pulsatile impeller pump with constant-rotating speed was developed, in which the impeller reciprocates along its axis while rotates. Meanwhile, a pulsatile implantable impeller centrifugal pump is now in animal surviving experimental stage. The pulsatility of the blood flow is achieved by changing the rotating speed of the impeller periodically, via introducing a square wave form voltage into the motor coil. The hemodynamic and physiological superiorities to both nonpulsatile impeller pump and diaphragm pump were demonstrated. The hematological and biochemical data indicated low hemolysis and thrombogenesis, low renal and heptic dysfunction. Furthermore, a pulsatile implantable impeller total heart has completed its acute biventricular assist animal experiments. This is an almost unique total heart at the present, it is driven by a single motor, the left and right pumps eject the blood simultaneously, and the volume equilibrium of both pumps is achieved naturally. The dream of producing a pulsatile blood flow with an impeller pump has come true. Doubtlessly, an impeller heart with simplicity, pulsatility, implantability, compatibility and reliability, will be a viable alternative to diaphragm heart, really.
The Formulation of Drug for Ocular Administration
Authors: Aiache J. M. , Meski S. El , Beyssac E. , Serpin G. 
Published: January 2017

The different barriers that slow the penetration of active ingredients administered by the ocular route are described, and some novel dosage forms designed for this route are discussed. Both precorneal and corneal factors considerably restrict ocular penetration. The low bioavailability of classical ophthalmic dosage forms can be improved by several approaches, particularly by increasing the time the active ingredients remain in contact with the eye tissues. The new dosage forms are reviewed according to their type and their drug release mechanisms. The characteristics, advantages, and limitations of each are outlined. The potential of these dosage forms can be expected to enhance development. They offer prolonged effectiveness, reproducibility, fewer unwanted side effects, and improved tolerance.
Wide Variability in Caloric Density of Expressed Human Milk Can Lead to Major Underestimation or Overestimation of Nutrient Content
Authors: Sauer Charles W. , Boutin Mallory A. , Kim Jae H. 
Published: January 2017

Background: Very-low-birth-weight infants continue to face significant difficulties with postnatal growth. Human milk is the optimal form of nutrition for infants but may exhibit variation in nutrient content. Objective: This study aimed to perform macronutrient analysis on expressed human milk from mothers whose babies are hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: Up to five human milk samples per participant were analyzed for protein, carbohydrate, and fat content using reference chemical analyses (Kjeldahl for protein, high pressure liquid chromatography for carbohydrates, and Mojonnier for fat). Calorie content was calculated. Results: A total of 64 samples from 24 participants was analyzed. Wide variability was found in calorie, protein, carbohydrate, and fat composition. The authors found an average of 17.9 kcal/ounce, with only 34% of samples falling within 10% of the expected caloric density. Conclusion: The assumption that human milk contains 20 kcal/ounce is no longer supported based on this study. This supports promoting an individualized nutrition strategy as a crucial aspect to optimal nutrition.