bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FKBP5 polymorphisms influence pre‐learning stress‐induced alterations of learning and memory
Authors: Zoladz Phillip R. , Dailey Alison M. , Nagle Hannah E. , Fiely Miranda K. , Mosley Brianne E. , Brown Callie M. , Duffy Tessa J. , Scharf Amanda R. , Earley McKenna B. , Rorabaugh Boyd R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5) is a co‐chaperone of heat shock protein 90 and significantly influences glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FKBP5 gene are associated with altered hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis function, changes in the structure and function of several cognitive brain areas, and increased susceptibility to post‐traumatic stress disorder, major depression, bipolar disorder and suicidal events. The mechanisms underlying these associations are largely unknown, but it has been speculated that the influence of these SNPs on emotional memory systems may play a role. In the present study, 112 participants were exposed to the socially evaluated cold pressor test (stress) or control (no stress) conditions immediately prior to learning a list of 42 words. Participant memory was assessed immediately after learning (free recall) and 24 h later (free recall and recognition). Participants provided a saliva sample that enabled the genotyping of three FKBP5 polymorphisms: rs1360780, rs3800373 and rs9296158. Results showed that stress impaired immediate recall in risk allele carriers. More importantly, stress enhanced long‐term recall and recognition memory in non‐carriers of the risk alleles, effects that were completely absent in risk allele carriers. Follow‐up analyses revealed that memory performance was correlated with salivary cortisol levels in non‐carriers, but not in carriers. These findings suggest that FKBP5 risk allele carriers may possess a sensitized stress response system, perhaps specifically for stress‐induced changes in corticosteroid levels, which might aid our understanding of how SNPs in the FKBP5 gene confer increased risk for stress‐related psychological disorders and their related phenotypes.
What's your move? Movement as a link between personality and spatial dynamics in animal populations
Authors: Spiegel Orr , Leu Stephan T. , Bull C. Michael , Sih Andrew 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRecent studies have established the ecological and evolutionary importance of animal personalities. Individual differences in movement and space‐use, fundamental to many personality traits (e.g. activity, boldness and exploratory behaviour) have been documented across many species and contexts, for instance personality‐dependent dispersal syndromes. Yet, insights from the concurrently developing movement ecology paradigm are rarely considered and recent evidence for other personality‐dependent movements and space‐use lack a general unifying framework. We propose a conceptual framework for personality‐dependent spatial ecology. We link expectations derived from the movement ecology paradigm with behavioural reaction‐norms to offer specific predictions on the interactions between environmental factors, such as resource distribution or landscape structure, and intrinsic behavioural variation. We consider how environmental heterogeneity and individual consistency in movements that carry‐over across spatial scales can lead to personality‐dependent: (1) foraging search performance; (2) habitat preference; (3) home range utilization patterns; (4) social network structure and (5) emergence of assortative population structure with spatial clusters of personalities. We support our conceptual model with spatially explicit simulations of behavioural variation in space‐use, demonstrating the emergence of complex population‐level patterns from differences in simple individual‐level behaviours. Consideration of consistent individual variation in space‐use will facilitate mechanistic understanding of processes that drive social, spatial, ecological and evolutionary dynamics in heterogeneous environments.
Intraspecific chemical diversity among neighbouring plants correlates positively with plant size and herbivore load but negatively with herbivore damage
Authors: Bustos‐Segura Carlos , Poelman Erik H. , Reichelt Michael , Gershenzon Jonathan , Gols Rieta 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntraspecific plant diversity can modify the properties of associated arthropod communities and plant fitness. However, it is not well understood which plant traits determine these ecological effects. We explored the effect of intraspecific chemical diversity among neighbouring plants on the associated invertebrate community and plant traits. In a common garden experiment, intraspecific diversity among neighbouring plants was manipulated using three plant populations of wild cabbage that differ in foliar glucosinolates. Plants were larger, harboured more herbivores, but were less damaged when plant diversity was increased. Glucosinolate concentration differentially correlated with generalist and specialist herbivore abundance. Glucosinolate composition correlated with plant damage, while in polycultures, variation in glucosinolate concentrations among neighbouring plants correlated positively with herbivore diversity and negatively with plant damage levels. The results suggest that intraspecific variation in secondary chemistry among neighbouring plants is important in determining the structure of the associated insect community and positively affects plant performance.
Arctic and boreal plant species decline at their southern range limits in the Rocky Mountains
Authors: Lesica Peter , Crone Elizabeth E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractClimate change is predicted to cause a decline in warm‐margin plant populations, but this hypothesis has rarely been tested. Understanding which species and habitats are most likely to be affected is critical for adaptive management and conservation. We monitored the density of 46 populations representing 28 species of arctic‐alpine or boreal plants at the southern margin of their ranges in the Rocky Mountains of Montana, USA, between 1988 and 2014 and analysed population trends and relationships to phylogeny and habitat. Marginal populations declined overall during the past two decades; however, the mean trend for 18 dicot populations was −5.8% per year, but only −0.4% per year for the 28 populations of monocots and pteridophytes. Declines in the size of peripheral populations did not differ significantly among tundra, fen and forest habitats. Results of our study support predicted effects of climate change and suggest that vulnerability may depend on phylogeny or associated anatomical/physiological attributes.
Preoperative platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio can predict recurrence beyond the Milan criteria after hepatectomy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kaida Takayoshi , Nitta Hidetoshi , Kitano Yuki , Yamamura Kensuke , Arima Kota , Higashi Takaaki , Taki Katsunobu , Nakagawa Shigeki , Okabe Hirohisa , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Imai Katsunori , Hashimoto Daisuke , Yamashita Yo‐ichi , Chikamoto Akira , Ishiko Takatoshi , Beppu Toru , Baba Hideo 
Published: December 2016

AimPostoperative recurrence beyond the Milan criteria is a poor prognostic factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with various therapies. We investigated the most useful inflammation‐based prognostic score for predicting recurrence beyond the Milan criteria after initial liver resection.MethodsFrom January 2007 to December 2012, 271 consecutive patients with HCC who underwent curative liver resection were enrolled. Patients were divided according to the initial recurrence pattern: recurrence beyond the Milan criteria; and recurrence within the Milan criteria, or no recurrence. The patients were classified into two groups, low platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (<150) and high PLR (≥150), additionally using other inflammation‐based prognostic scores. Then we analyzed the association between the recurrence patterns and the clinicopathological factors including PLR.ResultsFifty‐five (20.2%) patients had recurrence beyond the Milan criteria. The 5‐year survival rate in patients with recurrence beyond the Milan criteria (41.6%) was significantly lower than in those with other recurrence patterns (79.7%). High PLR level was observed in 15.5% of the patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that PLR was the only independent predictive factor of recurrence patterns (odds ratio, 2.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–5.49; P = 0.018). The high PLR level was significantly associated with higher serum des‐γ‐carboxy prothrombin level, larger tumor size, and poor histological differentiation.ConclusionAmong several inflammatory indices, PLR is a good indicator to predict recurrence beyond the Milan criteria after liver resection for patients with HCC.
Outcomes of treatment with daclatasvir and asunaprevir for recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation
Authors: Honda Masaki , Sugawara Yasuhiko , Watanabe Takehisa , Tateyama Masakuni , Tanaka Motohiko , Uchida Koushi , Kawabata Seiichi , Yoshii Daiki , Miura Kouhei , Isono Kaori , Hayashida Shintaro , Ohya Yuki , Yamamoto Hidekazu , Sasaki Yutaka , Inomata Yukihiro 
Published: December 2016

AimThe development of direct‐acting oral agents has dramatically changed the treatment strategy of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Here we aimed to reveal the efficacy and safety of daclatasvir (DCV) and asunaprevir (ASV) for recurrent HCV genotype 1 infection after liver transplantation (LT).MethodsA retrospective study was undertaken on nine patients who underwent a 24‐week DCV/ASV treatment regimen for recurrent HCV genotype 1 infection. Five of the patients were men; four had failed treatment with pegylated interferon (Peg‐IFN)/ribavirin, two had failed simeprevir/Peg‐IFN/ribavirin, one had the resistance‐associated variant Y93H in the NS5A region, and one underwent maintenance dialysis.ResultsMedian time to treatment initiation following LT was 70 months. Of the nine patients treated with DCV/ASV, eight (88.9%) achieved a sustained viral response 12 weeks after completion of therapy (SVR12). The patient with virologic failure had failed simeprevir/Peg‐interferon/ribavirin therapy 4 months before undergoing the DCV/ASV treatment regimen. In addition, a resistance‐associated variant D168E in the NS3 region was detected in the patient after discontinuation of the DCV/ASV regimen. The trough level of tacrolimus tended to decrease, and renal function showed no significant changes during treatment. Adverse events occurred in two patients (22.2%), but no severe adverse events occurred during treatment.ConclusionsThe DCV/ASV regimen was well tolerated, resulting in high rates of sustained viral response 12 weeks after completion of therapy for LT patients with recurrent HCV genotype 1 infection.
“Giving us hope”: Parent and neonatal staff views and expectations of a planned family‐centred discharge process (Train‐to‐Home)
Authors: Ingram Jenny , Redshaw Maggie , Manns Sarah , Beasant Lucy , Johnson Debbie , Fleming Peter , Pontin David 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundPreparing families and preterm infants for discharge is relatively unstructured in many UK neonatal units (NNUs). Family‐centred neonatal care and discharge planning are recommended but variable.Design and participantsQualitative interviews with 37 parents of infants in NNUs, and 18 nursing staff and 5 neonatal consultants explored their views of discharge planning and perceptions of a planned family‐centred discharge process (Train‐to‐Home). Train‐to‐Home facilitates communication between staff and parents throughout the neonatal stay, using a laminated train and parent booklets.ResultsParents were overwhelmingly positive about Train‐to‐Home. They described being given hope, feeling in control and having something visual to show their baby's progress. They reported positive involvement of fathers and families, how predicted discharge dates helped them prepare for home and ways staff engaged with Train‐to‐Home when communicating with them. Nursing staff reactions were mixed—some were uncertain about when to use it, but found the visual images powerful. Medical staff in all NNUs were positive about the intervention recognizing that it helped in communicating better with parents.ConclusionsUsing a parent‐centred approach to communication and informing parents about the needs and progress of their preterm infant in hospital is welcomed by parents and many staff. This approach meets the recommended prioritization of family‐centred care for such families. Predicted discharge dates helped parents prepare for home, and the ways staff engaged with Train‐to‐Home when communicating with them helped them feel more confident as well as having something visual to show their baby's progress.
Cytotoxic Epstein–Barr virus‐positive large B cell lymphoma: a regulatory B cell‐derived neoplasia?
Authors: Tabanelli Valentina , Santiago‐Pacheco Vanessa , Corbellino Mario , Calleri Angelica , Agostinelli Claudio , Parravicini Carlo , Pileri Stefano A 
Published: December 2016

AimsA new subtype of granzyme B (GrB)‐producing regulatory B cells (Bregs) has been described recently; these peculiar cytotoxic B cells are increased significantly in interleukin (IL)‐21‐rich settings, and in particular during HIV and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. Our aim is to report a unique case of an EBV‐positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with cytotoxic features arisen in an HIV+ patient, and to understand if this lesion may represent a proliferation of neoplastic cytotoxic Bregs.Methods and resultsWe describe a 66‐year‐old male patient who presented with cervical lymph node enlargement and B symptoms; subsequently, HIV infection was diagnosed. Histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular studies were performed, and revealed an EBV‐positive DLBCL with cytotoxic features. Considering the immunological setting and unconventional phenotype observed, we tried to evaluate further the expression of GrB and IL‐21 in another 150 aggressive B cell lymphomas (17 of 150 EBV+, two of 150 EBV+/HIV+). Minimal dot‐like expression of GrB was found in seven lymphomas (in fewer than 1% of tumour cells), three of which were EBV‐positive.ConclusionsBreg origin has never been reported in B cell lymphomas. We describe an exceptional case of EBV‐positive DLBCL with aberrant expression of cytotoxic markers in a patient with a previously unknown HIV infection. We propose cytotoxic Bregs as a possible normal counterpart for this unusual tumour.
A feasibility study for a clinical decision support system prompting HIV testing
Authors: Chadwick DR , Hall C , Rae C , Rayment Ml , Branch M , Littlewood J , Sullivan A 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesLevels of undiagnosed HIV infection and late presentation remain high globally despite attempts to increase testing. The objective of this study was to evaluate a risk‐based prototype application to prompt HIV testing when patients undergo routine blood tests.MethodsTwo computer physician order entry (CPOE) systems were modified using the application to prompt health care workers (HCWs) to add an HIV test when other tests selected suggested that the patient was at higher risk of HIV infection. The application was applied for a 3‐month period in two areas, in a large London hospital and in general practices in Teesside/North Yorkshire. At the end of the evaluation period, HCWs were interviewed to assess the usability and acceptability of the prompt. Numbers of HIV tests ordered in the general practice areas were also compared before and after the prompt's introduction.ResultsThe system was found to be both useable and generally acceptable to hospital doctors, general practitioners and nurse practitioners, with little evidence of prompt/alert fatigue. The issue of the prompt appearing late in the patient consultation did lead to some difficulties, particularly around discussion of the test and consent. In the general practices, around 1 in 10 prompts were accepted and there was a 6% increase in testing rates over the 3‐month study period (P = 0.169).ConclusionsUsing a CPOE‐based clinical decision support application to prompt HIV testing appears both feasible and acceptable to HCWs. Refining the application to provide more accurate risk stratification is likely to make it more effective.
In situ synthesis of Al2O3‐supported ZnCr2O4 nanoparticles for application as an activated photocatalyst
Authors: Tajizadegan Hamid , Naghibi Sanaz , Jamshidi Amin , Torabi Omid , Golabgir Mohammad‐Hossein 
Published: December 2016

AbstractZincochromite nanoparticles (NPs) were precipitated on surfaces of the as‐prepared Al2O3 micron‐sized particles by a heterogeneous precipitation technique using urea as a homogeneous precipitation agent. This procedure leads to decrease the pore diameter and increase the pore volume and specific surface area (as), realizing the potential access to ZnCr2O4 catalytic sites. Although the obtained band gap energy (Eg) of Al2O3‐ZnCr2O4 composite is about 2.3 eV (more than ZnCr2O4), the absorbance is enhanced about 1.5 orders of magnitude. These characteristics make it an effective photocatalyst of inorganic dyes from an aqueous media. Dye removal performance of the nanocomposite powder is higher than that of pure ZnCr2O4, which is attributed to an increase in the photocatalytic sites and the absorbance intensity. It was believed that the surface area created from Al2O3 support realized the potential access to ZnCr2O4 catalytic sites. To confirm these assertions, X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and N2 adsorption‐desorption analysis were applied.
Secondary analysis of data can inform care delivery for Indigenous women in an acute mental health inpatient unit
Authors: Bradley Pat , Cunningham Teresa , Lowell Anne , Nagel Tricia , Dunn Sandra 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThere is a paucity of research exploring Indigenous women's experiences in acute mental health inpatient services in Australia. Even less is known of Indigenous women's experience of seclusion events, as published data are rarely disaggregated by both indigeneity and gender. This research used secondary analysis of pre‐existing datasets to identify any quantifiable difference in recorded experience between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous women, and between Indigenous women and Indigenous men in an acute mental health inpatient unit. Standard separation data of age, length of stay, legal status, and discharge diagnosis were analysed, as were seclusion register data of age, seclusion grounds, and number of seclusion events. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and where warranted, inferential statistical methods used SPSS software to apply analysis of variance/multivariate analysis of variance testing. The results showed evidence that secondary analysis of existing datasets can provide a rich source of information to describe the experience of target groups, and to guide service planning and delivery of individualized, culturally‐secure mental health care at a local level. The results are discussed, service and policy development implications are explored, and suggestions for further research are offered.
Randomized, controlled trial of a brief family‐centred care programme for hospitalized patients with bipolar disorder and their family caregivers
Authors: Lee Hsiu‐Ju , Lin Esther Ching‐Lan , Chen Mei‐Bih , Su Tung‐Ping , Chiang Li‐Chi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFamily interventions have been emphasized in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BPD) due to the bidirectional and entangled relationships between patients and the family system, and have benefits for patients’ symptoms and health; however, the effects of family interventions on family function and caregivers’ health‐related outcomes have not been well investigated. This randomized, controlled trial with 47 hospitalized patients with BPD/family caregiver dyads at a medical centre in northern Taiwan compared the effects of a brief family‐centred care (BFCC) programme with treatment as usual (TAU). All of the family caregivers in two groups were invited to attend a routine 60‐min family discussion group about violence and suicide prevention. The TAU group without specific family interview for patient and family caregiver dyad. In the BFCC group, four 90‐min BFCC programme sessions were additionally provided twice a week for each hospitalized family dyad. We hypothesized that, first, family caregivers in the BFCC group could increase their family function, and second, improve perceived health status and reduce caregiver's burdens compared to the TAU. The results showed that family caregivers in the BFCC group significant interaction effects in overall family function (P = 0.03) and subscale conflict (P = 0.04), communication (P = 0.01), and problem‐solving (P = 0.04), but there were no significant interaction effects on the caregivers’ perceived health status and caregivers’ burdens. Our findings support both the feasibility of using the BFCC programme for inpatients and its specific benefits for family function. An intensive family intervention during hospitalization has been suggested in psychiatric practice to support patients with BPD and family caregivers.
Particle refinement of ZrB2 by the combination of borothermal reduction and solid solution
Authors: Guo Wei‐Ming , Wu Li‐Xiang , Sun Shi‐Kuan , Lin Hua‐Tay 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFlexible synthesis of ultra‐fine ZrB2 powders was achieved by borothermal reduction in a mixture of ZrO2, boron, and TiO2. Without TiO2 additive, coarse ZrB2 powders with particle size of 0.81 μm were obtained, presumably due to good wettability and solubility of ZrB2 in the byproduct B2O3. It was found that the particle growth of ZrB2 was effectively inhibited by the solid solution of TiB2 (≥1 mol%). The refinement mechanism was that the solid solution of in situ formed TiB2 presumably lowered the wettability and solubility of ZrB2 in the B2O3 liquid and significantly inhibited the coarsening of ZrB2. The average particle size of resulting powders decreased to 0.37 μm with the addition of 10 mol% TiO2.
Nurse‐perceived quality of care in intensive care units and associations with work environment characteristics: a multicentre survey study
Authors: Stalpers Dewi , Van Der Linden Dimitri , Kaljouw Marian J. , Schuurmans Marieke J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimsTo examine nurse‐perceived quality of care, controlling for overall job satisfaction among critical care nurses and to explore associations with work environment characteristics.BackgroundNurse‐perceived quality of care and job satisfaction have been positively linked to quality outcomes for nurses and patients. Much evidence exists on factors contributing to job satisfaction. Understanding specific factors that affect nurse‐perceived quality potentially enables for improvements of nursing care quality.DesignA multicentre survey study was conducted in three Dutch intensive care units.MethodsThe Dutch version of the Essentials of Magnetism II questionnaire was used; including the single‐item indicators: (i) nurse‐perceived quality of care; (ii) overall job satisfaction; and (iii) 58 statements on work environments. Data were collected between October 2013 – June 2014.ResultsThe majority of 123 responding nurses (response rate 45%) were more than satisfied with quality of care (55%) and with their job (66%). No associations were found with nurse characteristics, besides differences in job satisfaction between the units. After controlling for job satisfaction, nurse‐perceived quality was positively associated with the work environment characteristics: adequacy of staffing, patient‐centeredness, competent peers and support for education. Patient‐centeredness and autonomy were the most important predictors for overall job satisfaction.ConclusionFactors that contribute to nurse‐perceived quality of care in intensive care units, independent from the effects of overall job satisfaction, were identified. Hereby, offering opportunities to maximize high quality of care to critically ill patients. Research in a larger sample is needed to confirm our findings.