bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process and Emergence on the Effects of Infrasonic and Low Frequency Noise on Inhabitants
Authors: Nagai Naoko , Matsumoto Masanobu , Yamasumi Yasukiyo , Shiraishi Tatsue , Nishimura Koh , Matsumoto Kenji , Miyashita Kazuhisa , Takeda Sintaro 
Published: July 2017

To clarify the process and emergence of the effects of infrasonic noise on man, the sound pressure level of infrasonic noise was measured in the area along a superhighway, and its effect on the inhabitants was investigated by the questionnaire method. The results are as follows: (1) The main component frequency of the infrasonic noise was 6.3 Hz. The sound pressure level (L50) of infrasonic noise (1–50 Hz) showed more than 85 dB in the daytime and more than 72 dB in the night time. It's peak level was above 100 dB under the overhead bridge of the superhighway. Indoors, the sound pressure level (L5) of infrasonic noise often went above 75 dB. (2) Answers about the living environment were given by 368 (85.6%) out of 430 families. Those about the condition of health were given by 909 cases (81.7%) out of 1113 cases who were all the inhabitants over 15 years of age. (3) 69.6% of families complained of the shaking of windows and the like. 65.8% of families complained of window rattling. More families complained of the shaking and rattling of windows in the area less than 80m distant from the superhighway, and more families also complained of the disturbance of sleep in that area. (4) The rates of the complaints as to ‘irritating’, have headaches', ‘head feels heavy’, ‘pain in arms or legs’, ‘feel languid’, ‘sleepless’, ‘dizziness’, ‘ringing in the ear’, and ‘difficulty in breathing’, were correlated with the distance from the superhighway. While the rate of complaints as to ‘have stiffness or pain on shoulders’ was highest, it had no relationship with the distance from the superhighway. From these results, it can be concluded that the inhabitants first complained of the shaking and rattling of windows by infrasonic noise, and then became chronically insomniac and excessively wearied by shaking and rattling of long continuance, and finally became highly sensitive to infrasonic noise. This increasing sensitivity might be closely connected with the emergence of the effect of infrasonic noise upon these inhabitants.
Experimental Studies on the Effect of Whole-Body High Frequency Vibrations on Reproduction and Development in Rats
Authors: Tzvetkov D. , Vergieva T. , Hinkova L. , Dinoeva S. , Penkov Al. , Tilev P. 
Published: July 2017

The effect of vibration of 150 Hz frequency for three hours daily over three months on reproduction in female white rats was studied throughout the prenatal period and during the post-natal development of the offspring. The rats were exposed up to the time when fertilization occurred (first experimental group) and up to the end of the first quarter of pregnancy (the fifth day after fertilization) (second experimental group). In the second experimental group mortality before implantation was raised by a factor 1.5–1.8; in the first group the weight of the placenta was lower; and in both groups the weight of the foetuses was lower, and there was a higher proportion of foetuses with abnormal development of parenchymal organs and bones. On the 20th and 60th days after birth the offspring showed less motor activity. The data indicate that exposure to high frequency vibration before the onset of pregnancy and during the early part of pregnancy can have an adverse effect on reproduction.
Vehicle-Foundation Stability Systems with a Single Point of Contact
Authors: Silva J.B. Da , Jezequel L. 
Published: July 2017

A method allowing the calculation at low numerical cost is used to study the dynamic interactions between two simple vehicle models and a guideway consisting of an Euler-Bernoulli infinite beam resting on a Winkler foundation. The study includes an evaluation of the effects of variations of the critical speeds of a moving vehicle as a function of its mass and of its critical frequency. The stability analysis for linear system is performed by investigating the roots of the resulting characteristic equation. The results obtained by comparatively simple models are believed to remain valid also for more complex systems.
European Grinder Vibration Test Code: A Critical Review
Authors: Stayner R M 
Published: July 2017

Does the test code BS EN ISO 8662–4: 1995 result in vibration values which adequately represent the vibration magnitudes to which operators are exposed in normal work? And are the measurements sufficient to rate the vibrations of different machines in a way which reflects their relative magnitudes in normal work? These questions have been addressed by reviewing the available literature, including a recent study of powerful hand-held grinders for the Health & Safety Executive (HSE), and a short series of tests to the standard at Health & Safety Laboratories (HSL), Buxton. And the answers are “No”. Single axis acceleration measurements are not justified by the literature, and should be replaced by tri-axial measurements. Single frequency excitation (free-running tests) are justified only if higher frequency components are insignificant (less than 1 ms−2). Relevant data is still being analysed. If single frequency excitation is acceptable, then speed control should have a closer tolerance than ±5%, because of machine resonance effects. A tolerance of ±2% is proposed. The arrangements for “feed” force application are unsuitable for use with heavy machines. A fixed feed force of 5 kg is proposed.
Semantic intervention to support word recognition: a single-case study
Authors: Norbury Courtenay Frazier , Chiat Shula 
Published: July 2017

Research on children’s reading has emphasized the importance of phono-logical processing. This study set out to investigate the contribution semantic intervention might make to word recognition in an 8-year old child with language impairment, WS, who exhibited weak phonological skills and relative strengths in semantic processing. Words selected for the study were divided into a treatment group and a no treatment control group. Words in the treatment group were sub-divided into targets, which received active semantic processing intervention, and foils, which received exposure only. Following intervention, target words were read significantly better than controls. This improvement was maintained at follow-up. The results of this study lend tentative support to the idea that intervention emphasizing semantic processing may integrate a range of strategies to support phonological processing.
Space Truss Structures: Typological Characteristics and Principal Construction Systems in Italy
Authors: Prete Giuseppe 
Published: July 2017

In the field of civil and industrial buildings and, particularly, dealing with coverings of wide areas, space truss structures are spreading more and more. Modern tridimensional steel systems are made up to the modular aggregation of standardized structural single or multiple elements, coordinated in space in accordance with rational geometric criteria, mass produced on an industrial scale and designed for a fine and functional architecture. Concerning these structures, the paper presents basic qualitative and performance characteristics, main typologies for the applications and, lastly, some among the most significant structural systems patented by Italian production.
Lateral Stability of Cable Structures
Authors: Tomka Pál 
Published: July 2017

The structural behaviour of pre-stressed cable-and-post structures has recently drawn the attention of the researchers. The aim of this paper is to focus on some practical aspects of the problem. The investigation concentrates on the stage of the erection, especially on the stability of cable structures when subjected to no external load. The analysis of bifurcation of equilibrium is based on the method presented here. The advantage of this method is that practical quantitative conclusions can be drawn concerning the measure of stability. As an example, the stability of a cable structure (a modified version of the Geiger cable dome) is investigated. Critical loading conditions in the state of pre-stress are analyzed. Using a simplified procedure based on a detailed parametric study, practical conclusions are drawn for different geometric arrangements.
Zur Frage der sogenannten Riesenzellpneumonie und Riesenzellbronchitis bei Tieren
Authors: Schiefer B. , Etreby M. F. El 
Published: July 2017

Giant cells occur in the lung in inflammatory and reactive processes of various etiology. Whether the giant cells derive from the alveolar epithelial lining cells or whether they are of mesenchymal genesis cannot yet be answered with certainty. On the basis of literature and our own observations, we consider whether it would not be more appropriate for the time being to distinguish two kinds of giant-cell pneumonias: those of the viral type, characterized by multinucleate giant cells, and those of the foreign-body type, in which endogenous or exogenous substances are demonstrable in the giant cells. Both kinds of pneumonias are illustrated by cases from domestic or fur-bearing animals. Dr. M.F. El Etreby ist Stipendiat der Studienmission der Vereinigten Arabischen Republik in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
Photoreceptive Abiotrophy of the Retina in the Elkhound
Authors: Cogan David G. , Kuwabara Toichiro 
Published: July 2017

An idiopathic degeneration involving predominantly the photoreceptors of the retina occurs in the elkhound similar to that which has been reported in other breeds of dogs and analogous to that which occurs in mice and men. It is suggested that the term applied to the comparable condition in man, retinitis pigmentosa, is inappropriate. A preferred name is photoreceptive abiotrophy of the retina. Photoreceptive abiotrophy in the present eight cases appeared to be a mendelian recessive trait producing signs at 6–8 months of age consisting of night blindness, narrowing of the retinal vessels and extinction of the electroretinogram. Pathologically it consists of degeneration of the photoreceptive cells and paradoxic obliteration of the retinal capillaries. Electron microscopy reveals disorganization and fragmentation of the outer segments of the rods and cones and pleating of the inner surface of the pigment epithelium, long before any abnormality is detectable by light microscopy. The pathogenesis of photoreceptive abiotrophy is obscure but in the early case here reported no abnormality was detected in diaphorase activity nor in glycogeneogenesis although there was a paucity of glycogen in the retinal glia and an absence of the normal capacity for glycogen synthesis at a later stage.
Differences of RNA Expression in the Tendon According to Anatomic Outcomes in Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Ahn Jin-Ok , Chung Jin-Young , Kim Do Hoon , Im Wooseok , Kim Sae Hoon 
Published: July 2017

Background: Despite increased understanding of the pathophysiology of rotator cuff tears and the evolution of rotator cuff repair, healing failure remains a substantial problem. The critical roles played by biological factors have been emphasized, but little is known of the implications of gene expression profile differences at the time of repair. Purpose: To document the relationship between the perioperative gene expression of healed and unhealed rotator cuffs by RNA microarray analysis. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Superior (supraspinatus involvement) and posterosuperior (supraspinatus and infraspinatus involvement) tears were included in the study. Samples of rotator cuff tendons were prospectively collected during rotator cuff surgery. Three samples were harvested at the tendon ends of tears from the anterior, middle (apex), and posterior parts using an arthroscopic punch. Seven patients with an unhealed rotator cuff were matched one-to-one with patients with a healed rotator cuff by sex, age, tear size, and fatty degeneration of rotator cuff muscles. mRNA microarray analysis was used to identify genetic differences between healed and unhealed rotator cuff tendons. Gene ontology and gene association files were obtained from the Gene Ontology Consortium, and the Gene Ontology system in DAVID was used to identify enhanced biological processes. Results: Microarray analyses identified 262 genes that were differentially expressed by at least 1.5-fold between the healed and unhealed groups. Overall, in the healed group, 103 genes were significantly downregulated, and 159 were significantly upregulated. DAVID Functional Annotation Cluster analysis showed that in the healed group, the genes most upregulated were related to the G protein–coupled receptor protein signaling pathway and to the neurological system. On the other hand, the genes most downregulated were related to immune and inflammatory responses. BMP5 was the gene most upregulated in the healed group, and the majority of downregulated genes were involved in the immune/inflammatory response. Conclusion: The downregulation of inflammatory response genes and the upregulation of cell differentiation genes in torn rotator cuffs at the time of surgery are related to rotator cuff healing. These results provide useful baseline information for future biological studies on rotator cuff healing.
Mechanical Properties and Endurance Limit of Fiber Composite Bars
Authors: Faruqi M. A. 
Published: July 2017

Experiments were performed to understand the mechanical properties and endurance characteristics of deformed glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rods. Mechanical properties analyzed included tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. GFRP rods with vinylester matrix and GFRP rods with a polyester matrix were tested in tension and compared. The #4, #5 and #6 vinylester bars showed ultimate strength capacities of 70 ksi, 70 ksi, and 96 ksi and moduli of elasticity of 4.9, 5.3, and 6 million psi, respectively, based on cross-sectional areas assumed for steel rebars of the same size number. The ultimate strength of polyester rods average 85 ksi for the #4 sizes, 70 ksi for the #5 sizes, and 96 ksi for the #6 sizes; all calculated based on equivalent steel area. The #4, 5 and 6 polyester rods showed modulus of elasticity of 5.12, 4.85, and 5.11 million psi respectively. Endurance testing of ten specimens (only vinylester matrix rods) of each size bar at varying percents of their ultimate load capacity from 50% to 10% indicated a definite increase in number of load repetitions to failure with reduced stress. However, the thirty tests done were not sufficient to indicate a definite endurance limit for the GFRP bars.
Breast Augmentation: Inferior Periareolar Technique with Local Tumescent Anesthesia Only
Authors: Cohen Jose A. , Lieberman Clara 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Breast augmentation is performed throughout the world by means of numerous surgical techniques and anesthesia. We utilize an inferior periareolar (IPA) technique with local tumescent anesthesia only. This allows an ambulatory procedure, excellent anatomic dissection, and a bloodless surgical field. The main goal of any aesthetic procedure is to create beauty, body harmony, and low morbidity. We are able to attain these goals with the IPA approach. Materials and Methods: The study design is a retrospective analysis of 80 patients (76 women and 4 men) who underwent breast augmentation via our IPA technique. All patients had their nipple areolar complex (NAC) sensitivity, scar quality, and aesthetic results analyzed. Our surgical technique and anesthesia are discussed in detail. Results: Eight patients were excluded because they left the country and were not available for postoperative evaluation. The incision site (scar) was inconspicuous in 98% of the patients and 99% had their total NAC sensitivity return to normal within 4 months. The morbidity was very low. Two patients had superficial wound dehiscence and scar revision 1 month postoperatively. One patient had a unilateral hematoma and 2 presented with hypopigmentation at the incision site. Contour irregularity was observed in 1 patient bilaterally. Discussion: IPA technique and tumescent anesthesia for breast augmentation provides patients with excellent aesthetic results and low morbidity on a procedure performed on an ambulatory basis. It is a technique that should be considered by all plastic surgeons doing breast augmentation. We perform the procedure in our well-equipped ambulatory surgical facility with trained personnel, including an anesthetist.
Low-Level Laser-Assisted Liposuction: A Multicenter Side-by-Side Comparison Study
Authors: Lack Edward B. , Butterwick Kimberly J. , Sadick Neil 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Liposuction has undergone many revisions since 1980, the most notable being the introduction of the tumescent technique of local anesthesia by Jeffery Klein, MD. Since then, in an effort to improve the aesthetics of the technique and the ease and safety of the procedure, other techniques have been introduced. These include superficial liposuction, UAL, external ultrasonic liposuction, mechanically assisted liposuction, and, most recently, laser-assisted liposuction. Materials and Methods: Four centers in the United States, operating under an 1RB protocol, performed liposuction with the tumescent technique of local anesthesia on specified cosmetic units of the body. One side was exposed to 635-nm laser therapy after tumescence was achieved, whereas the contralateral side was not. Observations were recorded during surgery and at 2 weeks postoperatively. Results: Observations of intraoperative technique did not show an advantage to laser-assisted liposuction. Observations of the postoperative course were equivocal, though there was evidence of reduction of edema in certain patients. Discussion: The addition of laser therapy to liposuction technique is based on years of experience demonstrating improved wound healing using a technique of low-level laser therapy. Although the recorded observations did not support an advantage to the addition of laser therapy, there was a paradoxical difference of opinion among patients and surgeons who participated in the study. These individuals believed that, compared with patients not treated with low-level laser therapy, there was at least a reduction in degree and duration of postoperative pain and induration. As low-level laser therapy may have systemic effects on wound healing, comparing treated and untreated contralateral sides may not be valid because both sides experienced improvements in postoperative course. Laser-assisted liposuction has a potential advantage, not supported by this study, in the intraoperative and postoperative course of liposuction surgery. New studies using double-blind techniques will need to be conducted.
End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and Vascular Access Grafting: A Critical Review
Authors: Szycher Michael 
Published: July 2017

End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a major disease state, costing the U.S. $9.5 billion in 1992, and increasing 10% yearly. The growth in the number of ESRD patients can be attributed principally to demographic trends: the aging of the general population and the improved treatment and increased survival rate of patients with diabetes, hypertension, and other illnesses that lead to ESRD. Moreover, improved dialysis technology has enabled older patients and those who previously could not tolerate dialysis due to other illnesses to benefit from this treatment. Three modalities exist for the treatment of ESRD: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplant. This article reviews the medical treatments and the synthetic polymers used in the manufacture of vascular access grafts. We report on the development of a new, polyurethane-based microporous vascular graft, which displays self-sealing and improved compliance characteristics for use in vascular access grafting.
Factors Influencing Drug Prescribing — Inquiry into Research Strategy
Authors: Hemminki Elina 
Published: July 2017

This review analyzes the approaches used in published studies into doctors' prescribing habits. Sixty-four studies in English, Scandinavian languages, and Finnish, mainly from the last 15 years, are included. Some factors affecting prescribing have not been studied and there were very few studies into two potentially important factors, education and control measures. Studies which measured the effect of drug firms tend to concentrate on the conventional forms of advertising. The general limitations of each of the approaches are listed and those which seem unlikely to yield much new information are pointed out. Some novel approaches are proposed. covering the last 15 years were searched systematically, but journals in other fields were not covered so systematically. Some earlier studies were also included. Some studies of possible importance were unobtainable. Only those studies were included in which the objective was to determine which factors affect, or to what extent they affect, drug prescribing. Studies designed to determine physicians' opinions on the different sources of drug information were. also included. The latter, in some studies, enlarged upon their initial objective. Articles which included descriptions of drug-firms were excluded if the authors had not connected them to drug prescribing. Studies which described prescribing as such were not included. Only studies into “non-medical” factors were included. Studies into the effects of the results of medical research or the character of disease or the result of the treatment were ignored. So were studies into the “non-medical” properties of a drug, because the drug is here considered as the object of a doctor's decision making and not as an influencer. Studies into the process of drug adaptation (the mechanism of a doctor's decision making) were largely disregarded. But studies into the effect of a physician's personal characteristics on his prescribing habits were included because these characteristics are an important modifier of the exterior influencers. The studies were classified according to their most significant factor. The model for classification, described in a previous paper,4 was constructed for developed Western countries. It omits some factors, such as the
Therapeutic Problems and Nursing Home Patients
Authors: Hamilton Stephen F. 
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this report is to define, classify, and compare therapeutic problems in skilled and intermediate nursing facility patients. Medical record documentation of 1,136 patient interviews and resulting drug therapy recommendations, by the consultant pharmacist, are used for the comparison. Routine drug therapy reviews were documented monthly on each patient. Additionally, drug therapy was reviewed and documented upon request of a consultation. Retrospective analysis of 976 monthly drug therapy review notes on 243 long term care patients revealed no significant difference in the number or types of problems identified for skilled, or intermediate care, facility patients. The recommendations of these notes were followed 81.6 percent of the time, indicating that the physician population agreed significant problems had been identified. Analysis of 160 notes of consultation again revealed no significant difference between skilled and intermediate long term care patients, with respect to the number or types of problems identified. The compliance rate for the notes of consultation was 98.7 percent. The conclusion is made that skilled and intermediate patients do not differ in the need for therapeutic monitoring by consultant pharmacists. Several publications are discussed in support of therapeutic monitoring, of both skilled and intermediate patients, by the consultant pharmacist.