bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current status of low-carbon education among undergraduates: a case study of Guangdong Province
Authors: Junting Zhang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Amidst global challenges such as climate change and environmental issues, China has set ambitious goals of achieving a carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. In this context, low-carbon education becomes particularly crucial. This article employs literature reviews and field surveys to analyze the current status and challenges of low-carbon literacy among university students. The findings indicate that most students lack an adequate understanding of low-carbon concepts and practices and do not possess corresponding behavioral habits. By examining influencing factors, the study reveals the impact of societal, familial, and educational factors on low-carbon education among university students. The aim is to enhance their awareness and behaviors toward a low-carbon lifestyle, thereby fostering its widespread adoption and implementation. This research holds significant theoretical and practical implications for advancing low-carbon education among university students.
Utilizing the thermal energy from natural gas engines and the cold energy of liquid natural gas to satisfy the heat, power, and cooling demands of carbon capture and storage in maritime decarbonization: engineering, enhancement, and 4E analysis
Authors: Hai Tao , Basem Ali , Shami Hayder Oleiwi , Sabri Laith S , Rajab Husam , Farqad Rand Otbah , Hussein Abbas Hameed Abdul , Alhaidry Wesam Abed AL Hassan , Idan Ameer Hassan , Singh Narinderjit Singh Sawaran 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The MEPC 80 session has revised the International Maritime Organization (IMO) greenhouse gas strategy, setting more ambitious decarbonization goals. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies have shown promise in reducing maritime carbon emissions, although their high-energy requirements have often been neglected in previous research. This study introduces a novel system integrating a natural gas engine, CCS, an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), and a power turbine (PT). An exhaust gas bypass strategy is used to enhance engine performance at low and medium loads, channeling exhaust to the PT for power generation. The engine’s waste heat is fully utilized for CCS via cold, heat, and power. The study compares various absorbents in the CCS system, including monoethanolamine and piperazine solutions, which show different carbon capture efficiencies. Additionally, CO2 storage conditions are analyzed and compared. The proposed system shows potential for significantly reducing the Energy Efficiency Design Index for general cargo ships. The study addresses the high-energy demands of CCS by utilizing the engine’s waste heat, transforming a potential drawback into a beneficial resource. By integrating the ORC and PT, the system not only captures carbon but also improves overall energy efficiency, presenting a promising solution for maritime decarbonization. The analysis of CO2 storage conditions further enhances the understanding of effective carbon management. This innovative system demonstrates that with strategic integration and optimization, significant progress can be made toward achieving the stricter decarbonization targets set by the IMO while also enhancing the energy efficiency of maritime operations.
Research on image classification of power inspection using less sample learning technique
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhuang Li , Wang Qiulin , Song Lihua , Wang Yanrong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study proposes a few-sample self-supervised power inspection image classification method based on Vision Transformer and masked autoencoders (MAE). Initially, an MAE is employed to pretrain an extensive collection of unlabeled power inspection images, leveraging the masking technique to encourage the model to acquire an understanding of the overarching features within these images. Then, the pretrained encoder part is combined with the visual transformer to further extract image features. For the subsequent classification task, the encoder’s pretrained weights are frozen and subsequently incorporated into a novel classification network. By fine-tuning this network with a limited amount of labeled data, experimental findings indicate a substantial enhancement in the classification accuracy of power inspection images, particularly in scenarios with limited sample sizes. By introducing visual transformers and MAE, this article provides an efficient and reliable solution for intelligent classification of power inspection images, which has important practical application value and broad market prospects.
Quantum-safe global encryption policy
Authors: Zornetta Alessia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Every day, individuals use the Internet to communicate, gather information, and engage in commercial transactions. Encryption renders such activities secure and possible in the first place. While interest in encryption policy has fluctuated among policymakers for the past three decades, this paper argues for the need to promote strong encryption at a global level. The paper sheds light on the risks posed by quantum computing to national security, wherein breached encryption could compromise classified information, military intelligence, sensitive devices, and critical infrastructures. The argument for a worldwide encryption policy is further substantiated by the looming spectre of profound global power asymmetries. As the evolution of quantum technology remains concentrated within a select cohort of nations, those in possession of functional quantum computers could gain unprecedented advantages and exploit such technological supremacy. To buttress this assertion, this paper employs the logic of the ‘least trusted country problem’ to underscore the fragility of global security in the face of such imbalances. In response, this paper introduces a three-fold strategy designed to pave the path towards a quantum-secure future. The strategy encompasses the pivotal elements of post-quantum cryptography, quantum key distribution, and quantum random number generators. While acknowledging the challenges inherent in implementing these measures, including the projected decade-long timeline for establishing standardized solutions, the paper underscores the urgency of confronting the imminent quantum computing menace in a proactive manner. By adhering to these strategic imperatives, the global community stands poised to reinforce encryption practices against the potent capabilities that quantum computing wields. In so doing, the security and integrity of information exchange can be preserved in an ever more interconnected world.
The Dirac–Higgs Complex and Categorification of (BBB)-Branes
Authors: Franco Emilio , Hanson Robert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Let ${\mathcal{M}}_{\operatorname{Dol}}(X,G)$ denote the hyperkähler moduli space of $G$-Higgs bundles over a smooth projective curve $X$. In the context of four dimensional supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, Kapustin and Witten introduced the notion of (BBB)-brane: boundary conditions that are compatible with the B-model twist in every complex structure of ${\mathcal{M}}_{\operatorname{Dol}}(X,G)$. The geometry of such branes was initially proposed to be hyperkähler submanifolds that support a hyperholomorphic bundle. Gaiotto has suggested a more general type of (BBB)-brane defined by perfect analytic complexes on the Deligne–Hitchin twistor space $\operatorname{Tw}({\mathcal{M}}_{\operatorname{Dol}}(X,G))$. Following Gaiotto’s suggestion, this paper proposes a framework for the categorification of (BBB)-branes, both on the moduli spaces and on the corresponding derived moduli stacks. We do so by introducing the Deligne stack, a derived analytic stack with corresponding moduli space $\operatorname{Tw}({\mathcal{M}}_{\operatorname{Dol}}(X,G))$, defined as a gluing between two analytic Hodge stacks along the Riemann–Hilbert correspondence. We then construct a class of (BBB)-branes using integral functors that arise from higher non-abelian Hodge theory, before discussing their relation to the Wilson functors from the Dolbeault geometric Langlands correspondence.
Half-Isolated Zeros and Zero-Density Estimates
Authors: Maynard James , Pratt Kyle 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We introduce a new method to detect the zeros of the Riemann zeta function, which is sensitive to the vertical distribution of the zeros. This allows us to prove there are few “half-isolated” zeros. By combining this with classical methods, we improve the Ingham–Huxley zero-density estimate under the assumption that the non-trivial zeros of the zeta function are restricted to lie on a finite number of fixed vertical lines. This has new consequences for primes in short intervals under the same assumption.
Ebola Virus Infection of Flt3-Dependent, Conventional Dendritic Cells and Antigen Cross-presentation Leads to High Levels of T-Cell Activation
Authors: Niemetz Linda , Bodmer Bianca S , Olal Catherine , Escudero-Pérez Beatriz , Hoehn Katharina , Bencsik András , Vickers Molly A , Rodríguez Estefanía , Oestereich Lisa , Hoenen Thomas , Muñoz-Fontela César 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have described that Ebola virus (EBOV) infection of human monocyte–derived dendritic cells (moDCs) inhibits dendritic cell (DC) maturation, resulting in poor T-cell activation. However, it is unknown how other DC subsets distinct from moDCs respond to EBOV infection.

Methods
To better understand how DCs initiate T-cell activation during EBOV infection, we assessed the response of conventional mouse DCs (cDCs) to EBOV infection utilizing a recombinant EBOV expressing the model antigen ovalbumin.

Results
In contrast to moDCs, mouse cDC2s and cDC1s were poorly infected with EBOV but were highly activated. DCs were able to prime CD8 T cells via cross-presentation of antigens obtained from cell debris of EBOV-infected cells. EBOV infection further enhanced DC cross-presentation.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that EBOV infection of cDCs results in activation rather than inhibition, leading to high levels of T-cell activation. With that we propose a mechanistic explanation for the excess T-cell activation observed in human Ebola virus disease.
Probing fosfomycin’s potential: a study on susceptibility testing and resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis from prosthetic joint infections
Authors: Widerström Rebecka , Aarris Mia , Jacobsson Susanne , Stegger Marc , Söderquist Bo , Månsson Emeli 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
There are limited treatment options for prosthetic joint infections (PJI) due to multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MDRSE). Fosfomycin (FOF) has gained attention as a potential therapy, but there is a paucity of information on the phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility amongst S. epidermidis, including MDRSE.

Objectives
To investigate phenotypical and genotypical susceptibility to FOF in S. epidermidis isolates prospectively collected from PJIs in Sweden.

Methods
MIC determination was performed using in-house agar dilution (AD) and a commercial AD panel. Genes and gene variants associated with FOF resistance were analysed.

Results
Multidrug resistance was common [74/89 (83%) isolates were MDRSE].
FOF inhibited all isolates except one, which had an MIC &gt; 256 mg/L. The commercial AD panel demonstrated good overall performance but tended to overestimate the MIC, resulting in 84% essential agreement with the gold standard. Genomic analysis with publically available tools for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data suggested genotypic FOF resistance in all isolates, but in-depth analysis revealed that fosB, associated with FOF resistance, was only present in the phenotypically resistant isolate. No other genes or gene variants associated with FOF resistance were detected.

Conclusions
Phenotypic resistance to FOF and presence of fosB were rare in this collection, indicating FOF’s potential as a treatment option for S. epidermidis. The commercial AD panel demonstrated high reproducibility, but EA with the reference method was less than optimal. Findings of genotypic FOF resistance using common tools for WGS data should be critically evaluated and appropriately verified with relevant fosB references for S. epidermidis.
Specific gut microbiome’s role in skin pigmentation: insights from SCARB1 mutants in Oujiang colour common carp
Authors: Kanika Nusrat Hasan , Hou Xin , Liu Hao , Dong Yue , Wang Jun , Wang Chenghui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Beyond the pivotal roles of the gut microbiome in initiating physiological processes and modulating genetic factors, a query persists: Can a single gene mutation alter the abundance of the gut microbiome community? Not only this, but the intricate impact of gut microbiome composition on skin pigmentation has been largely unexplored.

Methods and results
Based on these premises, our study examines the abundance of lipase-producing gut microbes about differential gene expression associated with bile acid synthesis and lipid metabolism-related blood metabolites in red (whole wild) and white (whole white wild and SCARB1−/− mutant) Oujiang colour common carp. Following the disruption of the SCARB1 gene in the resulting mutant fish with white body colour (SCARB1−/−), there is a notable decrease in the abundance of gut microbiomes (Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Serratia) associated with lipase production. This reduction parallels the downregulation seen in wild-type white body colour fish (WW), as contrasting to the wild-type red body colour fish (WR). Meanwhile, in SCARB1−/− fish, there was a downregulation noted not only at the genetic and metabolic levels but also a decrease in lipase-producing bacteria. This consistency with WW contrasts significantly with WR. Similarly, genes involved in the bile acid synthesis pathway, along with blood metabolites related to lipid metabolism, exhibited downregulation in SCARB1−/− fish.

Conclusions
The SCARB1 knockout gene blockage led to significant alterations in the gut microbiome, potentially influencing the observed reduction in carotenoid-associated skin pigmentation. Our study emphasizes that skin pigmentation is not only impacted by genetic factors but also by the gut microbiome. Meanwhile, the gut microbiome’s adaptability can be rapidly shaped and may be driven by specific single-gene variations.
Effects of a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on performance, blood parameters, fecal characteristics, rumen morphometrics, and intestinal gene expression in finishing beef bulls
Authors: Cordeiro Matheus W S , Cappellozza Bruno I , de Melo Natália N , Bernardes Thiago F 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We evaluated the effects of supplementing direct-fed microbials (DFM), containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, on performance, rumen morphometrics, intestinal gene expression, and blood and fecal parameters in finishing bulls. Nellore × Angus bulls (n = 144; initial BW = 401 ± 45.5 kg) were distributed at random in 36 pens (4 bulls/pen and 18 pens/treatment), following a completely randomized design. A ground corn-based finishing diet was offered for ad libitum intake twice a day for 84 d, containing the following treatments: 1) control (without DFM); 2) DFM (B. licheniformis and B. subtilis) at 6.4 × 109 CFU (2 g) per animal. The data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with a pen representing an experimental unit, the fixed effect of the treatment, and the random effect of pen nested within the treatment. For fecal parameters (two collections made), the collection effect and its interaction with the treatment were included in the model. Bulls that received the DFM had a decreased dry matter intake (P ≤ 0.01), did not differ in average daily gain (2.05 kg; P = 0.39), and had a 6% improvement in gain:feed (P = 0.05). The other performance variables, final BW, hot carcass weight, and hot carcass yield, did not differ (P &gt; 0.10). Plasma urea-N concentration decreased by 6.2% (P = 0.02) in the bulls that received DFM. Glucose, haptoglobin, and lipopolysaccharides were not different between treatments (P &gt; 0.10). Ruminal morphometrics were not affected by the treatment (P &gt; 0.10). The use of DFM tended to reduce fecal starch (P = 0.10). At slaughter, bulls fed DFM had an increased duodenal gene expression of tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (P = 0.02) and of superoxide dismutase-1 (P = 0.03). Overall, supplementation with DFM based on B. licheniformis and B. subtilis to Nellore × Angus bulls in the finishing phase decreased dry matter intake, did not influence ADG, improved gain:feed, and increased the expression of genes important for duodenal function.
The rise of data property rights in China: how does it compare with the EU data act and what does it mean for digital trade with China?
Authors: Huang Jie (Jeanne) 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In 2022, China introduced a landmark Data Property Rights System, followed by implementation rules in 2023 and 2024. Concurrently, the EU enacted the groundbreaking Data Act. While both systems oppose granting exclusive data access rights, they differ in their approaches: China establishes new property rights for data processors, while the EU imposes obligations on them. By comparing China’s Data Property Rights System with the EU Data Act, this paper aims to elucidate the background, contents, and challenges of the Data Property Rights System in the context of digital trade. It argues that China will address the dilemmas of security risks versus data commercialization by implementing a national negative list for data outflows, qualified by green channels in selected industries. It urges China to adopt a more consistent national approach in implementing Data Intellectual Property Rights, resolve the classification and non-discrimination treatment issues in international trade, and draw lessons from the EU sui generis right. It also suggests that focusing on sharing non-personal data under the China Data Property Right System and the EU Data Act may reshape our understanding of governing non-personal data flows and non-consumer users of data products in Free Trade Agreements.
Inferential knowledge and epistemic dimensions
Authors: Bouchard Yves 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Knowledge representation is one way to exploit expertise in a given domain by logical means. But, what kind of knowledge does one acquire from an inference (or inference on a query result over a knowledge base)? Such a question may appear awkward since the answer seems so obvious: from an inference, one simply acquires knowledge. This is undoubtedly the case when only one type of knowledge (for instance, expert knowledge) is involved in an inference. What if several types of knowledge are involved? What type of knowledge can one deduce from a plurality of knowledge types? I claim that reasoning with different knowledge concepts requires a fine-grained representation of knowledge in which every knowledge type finds a singular expression in order to avoid some epistemic equivocity associated with a coarse-grained representation of knowledge. In the first part of the paper, I revisit the Muddy Children Puzzle, which usually serves to illustrate common knowledge in dynamic epistemic logic. I try to show that this problem also shows some sort of epistemic equivocity between concepts of knowledge and, consequently, that the problem calls for some epistemological refinements concerning the representation of the types of knowledge at play in an inference. In the second part, I address this issue from a semantic point of view, and I develop a fragment of epistemic logic capable of providing a solution to the problem of epistemic equivocity.
A new record of fleas from nilgai antelope in southern Texas and fleas from other wildlife
Authors: Mays Maestas Sarah E , Tidwell Jason P , Goolsby John A , Maestas Lauren P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Wildlife are hosts of ectoparasites, such as fleas and ticks that may transmit human and animal pathogens. Little is known about the ecology of many ectoparasite species native to southern Texas, or their role in pathogen maintenance and transmission. Much attention has been given to the role of nonnative nilgai antelope as cattle fever tick hosts and agents of dispersal, but little attention has been given to other ectoparasites that may utilize nilgai antelope as hosts. As southern Texas is a hot-spot for flea-borne (murine) typhus, it is important to examine flea species presence, abundance, and host use in this region. Fleas were opportunistically collected during wildlife depredation activities, from hunter-harvested animals, or during handling in the course of other research activities in several southern Texas counties. A total of 9 wildlife species were sampled, from which 3 flea species were identified. A total of 83 Pulex porcinus (Jordan and Rothschild) were collected from nilgai, coyotes, bobcats, javelina, feral swine, and a black-tailed jackrabbit. In total, 9 Euhoplopsyllus glacialis affinis (Baker) were collected from cottontail rabbits, and 1 Echidnophaga gallinacea (Westwood) was collected from a raccoon. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of fleas from nilgai antelope. Pulex porcinus, although often considered a specialist species, was collected from a wide range of hosts, including 2 (nilgai antelope and black-tailed jackrabbit) that represent new host records for this species. The role of P. porcinus as a pathogen vector is unknown, but its apparent abundance in this region warrants further investigation.
Pan-cancer genomic analysis reveals FOXA1 amplification is associated with adverse outcomes in non–small cell lung, prostate, and breast cancers
Authors: Goglia Alexander G , Alshalalfa Mohammed , Khan Anwar , Isakov Danielle R , Hougen Helen Y , Swami Nishwant , Kannikal Jasmine , Mcbride Sean M , Gomez Daniel R , Punnen Sanoj , Nguyen Paul L , Iyengar Puneeth , Antonarakis Emmanuel S , Mahal Brandon A , Dee Edward Christopher 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Alterations in forkhead box A1 (FOXA1), a pioneer transcription factor, are associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer and prostate cancer. We characterized FOXA1 genomic alterations and their clinical impacts in a large pan-cancer cohort from the American Association for Cancer Research Genomics, Evidence, Neoplasia, Information, Exchange database.

Methods
FOXA1 alterations were characterized across more than 87 000 samples from more than 30 cancer types for primary and metastatic tumors alongside patient characteristics and clinical outcomes. FOXA1 alterations were queried in the Memorial Sloan Kettering - Metastatic Events and Tropisms (MSK-MET) cohort (a GENIE subset), allowing definition of hazard ratios (HRs) and survival estimates based on Cox proportional hazard models.

Results
FOXA1 was altered in 1869 (2.1%) samples, with distinct patterns across different cancers: prostate cancer enriched with indel-inframe alterations, breast cancer with missense mutations, and lung cancers with copy number amplifications. Of 74 715 samples with FOXA1 copy number profiles, amplification was detected in 834 (1.1%). Amplification was most common in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; 3% in primary; 6% in metastatic) and small cell lung cancer (4.1% primary; 3.5% metastatic), followed by breast cancer (2% primary; 1.6% metastatic) and prostate cancer (2.2% primary; 1.6% metastatic). Copy number amplifications were associated with decreased overall survival in NSCLC (HR = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06 to 1.99; P = .02), breast cancer (HR = 3.04, 95% CI = 1.89 to 4.89; P = 4e−6), and prostate cancer (HR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.03 to 3.68; P = .04). Amplifications were associated with widespread metastases in NSCLC, breast cancer, and prostate cancer.

Conclusions
FOXA1 demonstrates distinct alteration profiles across cancer sites. Our findings suggest an association between FOXA1 amplification and enhanced metastatic potential and decreased survival, highlighting prognostic and therapeutic potential in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and NSCLC.