bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instructing females to wipe their vulva after bowel movements is unnecessary to prevent cystitis: a short research report
Authors: Kurata Saya , Noguchi Mitsuru , Tobu Shohei , Nanri Masaharu , Daisuke Yoko , Takagi Norito , Nakamura Koji , Uozumi Jiro 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIn Japan, females are often taught to wipe their vulva from front to back (FTB) after bowel movements in order to prevent cystitis. In this report, we studied whether vulva care after bowel movements in females is a risk factor for simple cystitis. Moreover, we evaluated factors affecting the method of vulva care after bowel movements in females. We recruited 274 females for this study. We analysed the correlations between the style of vulva care, restroom habits and patient characteristics. In addition, we evaluated the correlation between the incidence of cystitis and the style of vulva care after bowel movements. There were no significant differences in the presence of coexisting diseases (P = 0·766), activities of daily living (ADL's) (P = 0·203), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0·174) or restroom style (P = 0·512). However, a significantly greater number of elderly subjects reported wiping from back to front (P = 0·023). In the cystitis group, 48 females (28%) reported wiping the vulva from back to front after bowel movements. In the control group, 29 females (28%) reported wiping the vulva from FTB after bowel movements. There were no significant differences between these two groups (P = 0·988). Our data demonstrated that instructing females to wipe their vulva from FTB after bowel movements is unnecessary for the purpose of preventing cystitis.
Collaboration in Visual Culture Learning Communities: Towards a Synergy of Individual and Collective Creative Practice
Authors: Karpati Andrea , Freedman Kerry , Castro Juan Carlos , Kallio‐Tavin Mira , Heijnen Emiel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA visual culture learning community (VCLC) is an adolescent or young adult group engaged in expression and creation outside of formal institutions and without adult supervision. In the framework of an international, comparative research project executed between 2010 and 2014, members of a variety of eight self‐initiated visual culture groups ranging from manga and cosplay through contemporary art forms, fanart video, graffiti and cosplay in five urban areas (Amsterdam, Budapest, Chicago, Helsinki and Hong Kong) were studied through interview, participant observation and analysis of art works. In this article, collaborative group practices and processes in informal learning environments are presented through results of on‐site observations, interviews and analyses of creations. VCLCs are identified as inspiring, collaborative spaces of peer mentoring that enhance both visual skills and self‐esteem. Authors reveal how identity formation is interrelated with networking and knowledge sharing. Adolescents and young adults become participants of global communities of their creative genres through reinterpretation and individualisation of shared visual repertoires. In conclusion, implications for art education from the VCLC model for creative collaboration are suggested.
Is elimination of HCV possible in a country with low diagnostic rate and moderate HCV prevalence?: The case of Greece
Authors: Gountas Ilias , Sypsa Vana , Papatheodoridis George , Souliotis George , Razavi Homie , Hatzakis Angelos 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground and AimThe treatment of hepatitis C (HCV) with interferon (IFN)‐free direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) is anticipated to change the future burden of disease. The aim of this study is to quantify the impact of IFN‐free DAAs on HCV‐related morbidity and mortality in Greece under different scenarios concerning treatment coverage and primary prevention, including the proposed by World Health Organization Global Hepatitis Strategy.MethodsA previously described model was used to project the future disease burden up to 2030 under scenarios, which includes treatment based on the combination of pegylated‐IFN with ribavirin (base case) and scenarios using DAAs therapies.ResultsUnder the base case scenario, an increase in HCV‐related morbidity and mortality is predicted in Greece (mortality in 2030: +23.6% compared with 2015). If DAAs are used with the same treatment coverage, the number of hepatocellular carcinoma cases and of liver related deaths are predicted to be lower by 4–7% compared with 2015. Under increased treatment coverage (from 2000 treated/year to approximately 5000/year in 2015–2020 and 2500/year subsequently), morbidity and mortality will decrease by 43–53% in 2030 compared with 2015. To achieve the WHO Global Hepatitis Strategy goals, a total number of 86 500 chronic hepatitis C patients will have to be treated during 2015–2030.ConclusionsElimination of HCV in Greece by 2030 necessitates great improvements in primary prevention, implementation of large screening programs and high treatment coverage.
The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Sveinbjornsdottir Sigurlaug 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this review, the clinical features of Parkinson's disease, both motor and non‐motor, are described in the context of the progression of the disease. Also briefly discussed are the major treatment strategies and their complications.
imageParkinson's disease is a slowly progressing neurodegenerative disorder, causing impaired motor function with slow movements, tremor and gait and balance disturbances. A variety of non‐motor symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease. They include disturbed autonomic function with orthostatic hypotension, constipation and urinary disturbances, a variety of sleep disorders and a spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms. This article describes the different clinical symptoms that may occur and the clinical course of the disease.
This article is part of a special issue on Parkinson disease.
Using the Delphi method to develop nursing‐sensitive quality indicators for the NICU
Authors: Chen Lin , Huang Li‐Hua , Xing Mei‐Yuan , Feng Zhi‐Xian , Shao Le‐Wen , Zhang Mei‐Yun , Shao Rong‐Ya 
Published: July 2016

Aims and objectivesTo develop nursing‐sensitive quality indicators consistent with current medical practices in Chinese neonatal intensive care units.BackgroundThe development of nursing‐sensitive quality indicators has become a top priority in nursing management. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no objective, scientific and sensitive evaluation of the quality of neonatal intensive care unit nursing in China.DesignA modified Delphi technique was used to seek opinions from experts about what should be used and prioritised as indicators of quality care in neonatal intensive care unit nursing.MethodsBased on a literature review, we identified 21 indicators of nursing‐sensitive quality in the neonatal intensive care unit. Our group of 11 consultants chose 13 indicators to be discussed using the Delphi method. In October and November 2014, 39 neonatal intensive care unit experts in 18 tertiary hospitals spread across six provinces participated in two rounds of Delphi panels.ResultsOf the 13 indicators discussed, 11 were identified as indicators of nursing‐sensitive quality in the neonatal intensive care unit: rate of nosocomial infections, rate of accidental endotracheal extubation, rate of errors in medication administration, rate of treatment for pain, rate of peripheral venous extravasation, rate of compliance with handwashing techniques, incidence of pressure ulcers, incidence of noise, the bed‐to‐care ratio, the proportion of nurses with greater than five years neonatal intensive care unit experience and incidence of retinopathy.ConclusionsThe 11 neonatal intensive care unit nursing‐sensitive indicators identified by the Delphi method integrated with basic Chinese practices provide a basis for nursing management and the monitoring of nursing quality.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study identified nursing‐sensitive quality indicators for neonatal intensive care unit care that are suitable for current clinical practice in China.
Cloning, molecular characterization, and phylogeny of two evolutionary distinct glutamine synthetase isoforms in the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae)
Authors: Reinecke Diana L , Zarka Aliza , Leu Stefan , Boussiba Sammy 
Published: July 2016

Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyta) is a widely used microalga of great economic potential, yet its molecular genetics and evolution are largely unknown. We present new detailed molecular and phylogenetic analysis of two glutamine synthetase (GS) enzymes and genes (gln) under the Astaxanthin‐inducing conditions of light‐ and nitrogen‐stress. Structure analysis identified key residues and confirmed two decameric GS2 holoenzymes, a cytoplasmic enzyme, termed GS2c, and a plastidic form, termed GS2p, due to chloroplast‐transit peptides at its N‐terminus. Gene expression analysis showed dissociation of mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity levels for both GS2 under different growth conditions, indicating the strong post‐transcriptional regulation. Data‐mining identified novel and specified published gln genes from Prasinophyceae, Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae, Charophyceae, Bryophyta, Lycopodiophyta, Spermatophyta, and Rhodophyta. Phylogenetic analysis found homologues to the cytosolic GS2c of H. pluvialis in all other photo‐ and non‐photosynthetic Eukaryota. The chloroplastic GS2p was restricted to Chlorophyta, Bryophyta, some Proteobacteria and Fungii; no homologues were identified in Spermatophyta or other Eukaryota. This indicates two independent prokaryotic donors for these two gln genes in H. pluvialis. Combined phylogenetic analysis of GS, chl‐b synthase, elongation factor, and light harvesting complex homologues project a newly refined model of Viridiplantae evolution. Herein, a GS1 evolved into the cytosolic GS2c and was passed on to all Eukaryota. Later, the chloroplastic GS2p entered the Archaeplastida lineage via a horizontal gene transfer at the divergence of Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta lineages. GS2p persisted in Chlorophyta and Bryophyta, but was lost during Spermatophyta evolution. These data suggest the revision of GS classification and nomenclature, and extend our understanding of the photosynthetic Eukaryota evolution.
Kraftionema allantoideum, a new genus and family of Ulotrichales (Chlorophyta) adapted for survival in high intertidal pools
Authors: Wetherbee Richard , Verbruggen Heroen 
Published: July 2016

The marine, sand‐dwelling green alga Kraftionema allantoideum gen. et sp. nov. is described from clonal cultures established from samples collected in coastal, high intertidal pools from south eastern Australia. The species forms microscopic, uniseriate, unbranched, 6–8 μm wide filaments surrounded by a gelatinous capsule of varying thickness. Filaments are twisted, knotted, and variable in length from 4 to 50 cells in field samples but straighter and much longer in culture, up to 1.5 mm in length. Cell division occurs in several planes, resulting in daughter cells of varying shape, from square to rectangular to triangular, giving rise to gnarled filaments. Mature cells become allantoid, elongate with rounded ends, before dividing one time to form bicells comprised of two domed cells. Adjacent bicells separate from one another and mature filaments appeared as a string of loosely arranged sausages. A massive, single, banded chloroplast covered 3/4 of the wall circumference, and contained a single large pyrenoid encased in a starch envelope that measures 1.5–2.5 μm. Filaments were not adhesive nor did they produce specialized adhesive cells or structures. Reproduction was by fragmentation with all cells capable of producing a new filament. No motile or reproductive cells were observed. Filaments in culture grew equally well in freshwater or marine media, as well as at high salinity, and cells quickly recovered from desiccation. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nuclear‐encoded small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S) shows the early branching nature of the Kraftionema lineage among Ulotrichales, warranting its recognition as a family (Kraftionemaceae).
The role of randomization tests in vegetation boundary detection with moving split‐window analysis
Authors: Körmöczi László , Bátori Zoltán , Erdős László , Tölgyesi Csaba , Zalatnai Márta , Varró Csaba 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimMoving split‐window (MSW) analysis is a frequently used tool for vegetation boundary detection. The statistical test of the method is, however, not satisfactory. We aimed to identify reliable confidence limits of MSW statistics.MethodsMultivariate transect data (representing forest, grassland and forest‐steppe habitats and some artificial data sets) were analysed using five dissimilarity functions and two randomization methods to find the most efficient procedure. We tested the normality of distribution of the dissimilarity values, and then compared the effect of plot randomization and random shift randomization on the power of the statistic. We evaluated the scale dependence of the dissimilarity/distance values and confidence limits.ResultsThe distribution of expected dissimilarity values deviated from a normal distribution, and in all analyses appeared to be skewed to the right. The rate of deviation depends on the data set, on the spatial scale (window size) and on the type of randomization. Expected mean dissimilarity decreased considerably with increasing window width when plot randomization was applied, but was more balanced if random shift was used. Consequently, normalized dissimilarity values increased rapidly with window width in plot randomization, causing extreme scale dependence and false significance. The analysis with random shift distinguished between significant and non‐significant peaks at every window size.ConclusionsWe suggest the use of the random shift permutation as a new method in the MSW analysis, since it minimizes the scale dependence of standardized dissimilarity values, making a clear distinction between significant and non‐significant discontinuities.
Effects of Dietary Gamma Aminobutyric Acid on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Feeding‐related Gene Expression of Juvenile Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus
Authors: Wu Fan , Liu Mengmei , Chen Chen , Chen Jiaojiao , Tan Qingsong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is one of the inhibitory neurotransmitters that may have the ability to regulate the appetite. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary GABA, as a feed additive, on growth performance and antioxidant status of juvenile grass carp. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets with graded levels of GABA (0, 20, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) were fed to grass carp juveniles (mean weight: 2.0 g) for 8 wk. The results showed that the specific growth rate (SGR) increased significantly with dietary GABA level up to the 100 mg/kg diet, and then decreased in the 200 mg/kg group (P < 0.05). The difference in SGR value between the 50 and 100 mg/kg groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The survival rate was not significantly affected by dietary GABA level (P > 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the whole body composition among treatments (P > 0.05). The hepatopancreatic glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the GABA level, peaked in the group with GABA 100 mg/kg, and then decreased. The hepatopancreatic superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity activities showed the same trend as GPx. Inversely, the hepatopancreatic malondialdehyde content decreased first and then increased with the dietary GABA level (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the gene expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), cholecystokinin, leptin, and ghrelin in the hepatopancreas among groups. However, the NPY and ghrelin mRNA expression levels in the brain increased significantly with the GABA level, peaked in the groups of 50 mg/kg, and then showed a decreasing trend. On the basis of quadratic regression analysis of SGR, the optimum content of dietary GABA in juvenile grass carp is suggested to be a 87.5 mg/kg diet.
Development of Gene‐derived SNP Markers and Their Application for the Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Wild and Cultured Populations in Sea Cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus
Authors: Dong Yu , Li Qi , Zhong Xiaoxiao , Kong Lingfeng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Apostichopus japonicus is a valuable aquaculture species in China. In this study, 51 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified from expressed sequence tags of sea cucumber using high‐resolution melting. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.2462 and 0.2897, respectively. Thirty‐two of these loci were used for estimating the genetic similarity and variation between the five hatchery stocks from China and two wild stocks from Japan. No significant differences in Ho or He were observed between the wild and hatchery populations. The pairwise Fst (which ranged from 0.0119 to 0.0236) and the genetic identity (which varied from 0.9802 to 0.9915) showed no significant differentiation between the wild and cultured stocks. The analysis of molecular variance indicated the source of variation was at the level of “within the populations.” The information on the genetic variation and differentiation in cultured and wild populations of A. japonicus obtained in this study is useful for setting up suitable guidelines for founding and maintaining of cultured stocks and for future genetic improvement by selective breeding.
Student Employment and Later Labour Market Success: No Evidence for Higher Employment Chances
Authors: Baert Stijn , Rotsaert Olivier , Verhaest Dieter , Omey Eddy 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWe investigate the impact of student work experience on later hiring chances. To completely rule out potential endogeneity, we present a field experiment in which various forms of student work experience are randomly disclosed by more than 1000 fictitious graduates applying for jobs in Belgium. Theoretical mechanisms are investigated by estimating heterogeneous treatment effects by the relevance and timing of revealed student work experience. We find that neither form of student work experience enhances initial recruitment decisions. For a number of candidate subgroups (by education level and occupation type), even an adverse effect is found.
Prediction Markets, Social Media and Information Efficiency
Authors: Williams Leighton Vaughan , Reade J. James 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWe consider the impact of breaking news on market prices. We measure activity on the micro‐blogging platform Twitter surrounding a unique, newsworthy and identifiable event and investigate subsequent movements of betting prices on the prominent betting exchange, Betfair. The event we use is the Bigotgate scandal, which occurred during the 2010 UK General Election campaign. We use recent developments in time series econometric methods to identify and quantify movements in both Twitter activity and Betfair prices, and compare the timings of the two. We find that the response of market prices appears somewhat sluggish and is indicative of market inefficiency, as Betfair prices adjust with a delay, and there is evidence for post‐news drift. This slow movement may be explained by the need for corroborating evidence via more traditional forms of media. Once important tweeters begin to tweet, including importantly breaking news Twitter feeds from traditional media sources, prices begin to move.
Treatment of Paecilomyces variotii pneumonia with posaconazole: case report and literature review
Authors: Feldman Ryan , Cockerham Leslie , Buchan Blake W. , Lu Zouyan , Huang Angela M. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe fungi Paecilomyces variotii is a potential pathogen in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Their rare association with clinical disease results in scarce literature regarding susceptibility and treatment. Here, we discuss a case involving successful treatment of probable P. variotii pneumonia with posaconazole after treatment failure with voriconazole. The current literature related to antifungal susceptibility profiles, microbiological identification methods and clinical management of infections caused by this organism is also reviewed.
A randomised comparative study of 1064 nm Neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and topical antifungal treatment of onychomycosis
Authors: Kim Tae In , Shin Min Kyung , Jeong Ki‐Heon , Suh Dong Hye , Lee Sang Jun , Oh In‐Hwan , Lee Mu‐Hyoung 
Published: July 2016

SummaryConventional treatments for onychomycosis include oral and topical antifungal agents. Although Nd:YAG laser has been reported to be effective, controlled studies combined or compared with conventional treatments are needed. To evaluate the efficacy of 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser for onychomycosis and compare outcomes with those of topical antifungal treatment and combination therapy. Patients were randomly divided into three groups: Laser (L); laser with topical antifungal therapy (L + T); and topical antifungal treatment (T). Laser treatment consisted of three or four sessions at 4 week intervals. Outcomes were assessed clinically and mycologically. In 217 nails of 56 patients, 76% in the L group and 71.8% in the L + T group experienced clinical responses, and 15.2% and 22.5%, respectively, were cured at 24 weeks. The clinical and cure rates of both groups were significantly greater than those of the T group. Six patients of the L group developed new infections, as did one patient in the L + T group and two patients in the T group. 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser shows clinically good responses in onychomycosis. Addition of topical antifungal agent did not appear to improve efficacy, but may have protected against new infection.