bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonnative Trout Invasions Combined with Climate Change Threaten Persistence of Isolated Cutthroat Trout Populations in the Southern Rocky Mountains
Authors: Roberts James J. , Fausch Kurt D. , Hooten Mevin B. , Peterson Douglas P. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Effective conservation of Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lineages native to the Rocky Mountains will require estimating effects of multiple stressors and directing management toward the most important ones. Recent analyses have focused on the direct and indirect effects of a changing climate on contemporary ranges, which are much reduced from historic ranges owing to past habitat loss and nonnative trout invasions. However, nonnative trout continue to invade Cutthroat Trout populations in the southern Rocky Mountains. Despite management to isolate and protect these native populations, nonnatives still surmount barriers or are illegally stocked above them. We used data on the incidence of invasions by nonnative Brook Trout (BT) Salvelinus fontinalis and the rate of their invasion upstream to simulate effects on a set of 309 conservation populations of Colorado River Cutthroat Trout (CRCT) O. c. pleuriticus isolated in headwater stream fragments. A previously developed Bayesian network model was used to compare direct and indirect effects of climate change (CC) alone on population persistence versus the added effects of BT invasions. Although CC alone is predicted to extirpate only one CRCT population by 2080, BT invasions and CC together are predicted to completely extirpate 122 populations (39% of the total) if managers do not intervene. Another 113 populations (37%) will be at risk of extirpation after CC and invasions, primarily owing to stochastic risks in short stream fragments that are similar under CC alone. Overall, invasions and CC will reduce the number of stream fragments that are long enough to buffer CRCT populations against negative genetic consequences and stochastic disturbances by 48, a decrease of 38% compared to CC alone. High priorities are (1) research to estimate how CC and human factors alter the incidence and rate of BT invasions and (2) management to prevent new illegal introductions, repair inadequate barriers, and monitor and address new invasions.
Received March 21, 2016; accepted November 9, 2016 Published online February 27, 2017
Size and Age Structure of Anadromous and Landlocked Populations of Rainbow Smelt
Authors: O'Malley Andrew J. , Enterline Claire , Zydlewski Joseph 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax are widely distributed in both anadromous and landlocked populations throughout northeastern North America; abundance, size at age, and maximum size vary widely among populations and life histories. In the present study, size at age, von Bertalanffy growth parameters, population age distributions, and precision and bias in age assessment based on scales and sectioned otoliths were compared between ecotypes and among populations of Rainbow Smelt. To compare the ecotypes, we collected spawning adults from four anadromous and three landlocked populations in Maine during spring 2014. A significant bias was identified in only one of four scale comparisons but in four of seven otolith comparisons; however, a comparable level of precision was indicated. Anadromous populations had larger and more variable size at age and von Bertalanffy growth parameters than landlocked fish. Populations were composed of ages 1–4; six populations were dominated by age-2 or age-3 individuals, and one population was dominated by age-1 fish. These data suggest the presence of considerable plasticity among populations. A latitudinal gradient was observed in the anadromous Rainbow Smelt, which may show signs of population stress at the southern extent of their distribution.
Received March 25, 2016; accepted November 16, 2016 Published online February 27, 2017
Approaching the Atrium Through the Intraparietal Sulcus: Mapping the Sulcal Morphology and Correlating the Surgical Corridor to Underlying Fiber Tracts
Authors: Koutsarnakis Christos , Liakos Faidon , Kalyvas Aristotelis V. , Liouta Evangelia , Emelifeonwu John , Kalamatianos Theodosis , Sakas Damianos E. , Johnson Elizabeth , Stranjalis George 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKROUND: Although the operative corridor used during the intraparietal transsulcal approach to the atrium has been previously investigated, most anatomical studies focus on its relationship to the optic radiations.

OBJECTIVE: To study the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) morphology and to explore the subcortical anatomy with regard to the surgical trajectory used during the intraparietal transsulcal tranventricular approach.

METHODS: Twenty-five adult, formalin fixed, cerebral hemispheres were investigated. Fifteen underwent the Klingler procedure and were dissected in a lateromedial direction using the fiber microdissection technique. The trajectory of the dissection resembled that of real operative settings. The remaining 10 hemispheres were cut along the longitudinal axis of the sulcus in order to correlate its surface anatomy to corresponding parts of the ventricular system.

RESULTS: IPS demonstrated an interrupted course in 36% of the specimens while its branching pattern was variable. The sulcus anterior half was found to overly the atrium in all occasions. Four discrete, consecutive white matter layers were identified en route to the atrium, ie, the arcuate fibers, the arcuate segment of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the corona radiata and tapetum, with the arcuate segment being near to the dissection trajectory.

CONCLUSION: Given the angle of brain transgression during the intraparietal approach, we found the optimal dissection area to be the very middle of the sulcus. The IPS–postcentral sulcus meeting point, in contrast to previous thought, proved to risk potential injury to the arcuate segment of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, thus affecting surgical outcome.
Subgaleal Retention Sutures: Internal Pressure Dressing Technique for Dolenc Approach
Authors: Burrows Anthony M. , Rayan Tarek , Van Gompel Jamie J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Extradural approach to the cavernous sinus, the “Dolenc” approach recognizing its developing Dr. Vinko Dolenc, is a critically important skull base approach. However, resection of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, most commonly for cavernous sinus meningiomas, results commonly in a defect that often cannot be reconstructed in a water-tight fashion. This may result in troublesome pseudomeningocele postoperatively.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a technique designed to mitigate the development of pseudomeningocele.

METHODS: We found the Dolenc approach critical for resection of cavernous lesions. However, a number of pseudomeningoceles were managed with prolonged external pressure wrapping in the early cohort. Therefore, we incorporated subgaleal to muscular sutures, which were designed to close this potential space and retrospectively analyzed our results.

RESULTS: Twenty-one patients treated with a Dolenc approach and resection of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus over a 2-year period were included. Prior to incorporation of this technique, 12 patients were treated and 3 (25%) experienced postoperative pseudomeningoceles requiring multiple clinic visits and frequent dressing. After incorporation of subgaleal retention sutures, no patient (0%) experienced this complication.

CONCLUSION: Although basic, subgaleal to temporalis muscle retention sutures likely aid in eliminating this potential dead space, thereby preventing patient distress postoperatively. This technique is simple and further emphasizes the importance of dead space elimination in complex closures.
A common haplotype lowers PU.1 expression in myeloid cells and delays onset of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Huang Kuan-lin , Marcora Edoardo , Pimenova Anna A , Di Narzo Antonio F , Kapoor Manav , Jin Sheng Chih , Harari Oscar , Bertelsen Sarah , Fairfax Benjamin P , Czajkowski Jake , Chouraki Vincent , Grenier-Boley Benjamin , Bellenguez Céline , Deming Yuetiva , McKenzie Andrew , Raj Towfique , Renton Alan E , Budde John , Smith Albert , Fitzpatrick Annette , Bis Joshua C , DeStefano Anita , Adams Hieab HH , Ikram M Arfan , van der Lee Sven , Del-Aguila Jorge L. , Fernandez Maria Victoria , Ibañez Laura ,   The International Genomics of Alzheimer’s Project,   The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Sims Rebecca , Escott-Price Valentina , Mayeux Richard , Haines Jonathan L , Farrer Lindsay A , Pericak-Vance Margaret A. , Lambert Jean Charles , van Duijn Cornelia , Launer Lenore , Seshadri Sudha , Williams Julie , Amouyel Philippe , Schellenberg Gerard D , Zhang Bin , Borecki Ingrid , Kauwe John S K , Cruchaga Carlos , Hao Ke , Goate Alison M 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA genome-wide survival analysis of 14,406 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases and 25,849 controls identified eight previously reported AD risk loci and fourteen novel loci associated with age at onset. LD score regression of 220 cell types implicated regulation of myeloid gene expression in AD risk. In particular, the minor allele of rs1057233 (G), within the previously reportedCELF1AD risk locus, showed association with delayed AD onset and lower expression ofSPI1in monocytes and macrophages.SPI1encodes PU.1, a transcription factor critical for myeloid cell development and function. AD heritability is enriched within the PU.1 cistrome, implicating a myeloid PU.1 target gene network in AD. Finally, experimentally altered PU.1 levels affect the expression of mouse orthologs of many AD risk genes and the phagocytic activity of mouse microglial cells. Our results suggest that lowerSPI1expression reduces AD risk by regulating myeloid gene expression and cell function.
Short DNA sequence patterns accurately identify broadly active human enhancers
Authors: Colbran Laura L. , Chen Ling , Capra John A. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTEnhancers are DNA regulatory elements that influence gene expression. There is substantial diversity in enhancers’ activity patterns: some enhancers drive expression in a single cellular context, while others are active across many. Sequence characteristics, such as transcription factor (TF) binding motifs, influence the activity patterns of regulatory sequences; however, the regulatory logic through which specific sequences drive enhancer activity patterns is poorly understood. Recent analysis ofDrosophilaenhancers suggested that short dinucleotide repeat motifs (DRMs) are general enhancer sequence features that drive broad regulatory activity. However, it is not known whether the regulatory role of DRMs is conserved across species. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between short DNA sequence patterns, including DRMs, and human enhancer activity in 38,538 enhancers across 411 different contexts. In a machine-learning framework, the occurrence patterns of short sequence motifs accurately predicted broadly active human enhancers. However, DRMs alone were weakly predictive of broad enhancer activity in humans and showed different enrichment patterns than inDrosophila. In general, GC-rich sequence motifs were significantly associated with broad enhancer activity; consistent with this enrichment, broadly active human TFs recognize GC-rich motifs. Our results reveal the importance of specific sequence motifs in broadly active human enhancers, demonstrate the lack of evolutionary conservation of the role of DRMs, and provide a computational framework for investigating the logic of enhancer sequences.
Green and lean implementation: an assessment in the automotive industry
Authors: Duarte Susana , Cruz Machado V. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this research work is to propose an assessment framework to evaluate businesses in terms of the implementation of a green and lean organization’s supply chain.

Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual framework was developed for the assessment of green and lean implementation. The framework was designed using key criteria to identify green and lean initiatives. This led to the development of guidelines for each criterion, and the development of a scoring method. A multiple case study of five different organizations in the automotive industry was conducted to validate the conceptual framework.

Findings
The study reveals that high scores are derived from a good interaction between green and lean implementation in these companies. The results confirm that the initiatives considered in the conceptual framework were appropriate to represent the green and lean assessment framework.

Research limitations/implications
The case study was developed in five organizations. Validation of the model is not based on quantitative techniques. The sample size is too small. More study is need in different industry sectors.

Practical implications
The proposed model can be the basis for further research on green and lean concepts, contributing to the understanding of green and lean implementation. With this assessment method, managers can evaluate their business in relation to the implementation of green and lean supply chain initiatives.

Originality/value
To the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first to provide an assessment framework to evaluate an organization’s supply chain in terms of green and lean implementation.
Deviation of community savings groups from their apparent methodology
Authors: Maliti Emmanuel 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide generalised views on ways in which field practice in Tanzania deviates from the village savings and lending associations (VSLA) methodology.

Design/methodology/approach
The research applied “participant observation method” involving actual participation in the weekly meetings of the surveyed savings groups.

Findings
Field practices deviate from the VSLA methodology. Deviations include the tendency for the savings groups to simplify financial intermediation by regressing from using loan guarantors, relying on external enforcement to recover debts from group members (rather than depending on within group enforcement mechanisms), use of social funds to recover loans, limited attendance in weekly group meetings and accumulation of debts towards share-out dates.

Research limitations/implications
Results from this study are relevant to Ilala district where VSLA groups were sampled from. Cautious reading is therefore necessary when attempting to generalise findings to other areas with different social, economic and institution settings.

Practical implications
VSLA model needs to consider a number of issues. They include devising means to accommodate field realities; from simplification of financial intermediation activities to the dependence of the savings groups on external enforcement.

Social implications
Social implications include a possible improved VSLA model based on the findings from this study, to further advance the performance of community-based savings groups.

Originality/value
By revealing the deviation of the VSLA methodology from the practice, the study adds value to the literature which is largely dominated by economic and poverty impact of savings groups.
Agricultural structure and farmers’ interconnections with rural communities
Authors: Besser T. , Jurt C. , Mann S. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
In the context of rural development, the question how farmers are interconnected with local rural communities is crucial, as farmers historically have played a key role in rural areas, always shaped by the cultural-systemic context in which they acted. The purpose of this paper is to explore this connection in North-East (NE) Germany and Switzerland, two countries whose agricultural systems can be seen as diametrically opposed to each other with respect to their structure.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a survey on NE German and Swiss farmers to assess the connectivity between farms and rural communities in terms of the farm managers’ perceptions of their social networks, social support, sense of belonging, and active involvement in organizations.

Findings
The results show commonalities and differences between both study regions. Smaller farms are characterized by strongly locally based networks and a higher sense of community belonging, whereas larger farms rather have networks with strong ties outside the local dimension. Moreover, farmers’ local origin and farm diversification are positively associated with strengthening the connection between farms and local communities. Off-farm work is a means for this connection only in NE Germany.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the discussion about adverse effects of farming scale and corporate farming on community well-being by simultaneously delivering insights into two structurally different agricultural systems. At the same time the approach allows for a comparison between the systems.
A new method for CDP input parameter identification of the ABAQUS software guaranteeing uniqueness and precision
Authors: Labibzadeh Mojtaba , Zakeri Mojtaba , Adel Shoaib Abdol 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a new method for determining the input parameters of the concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model of ABAQUS standard software. The existing available methods in the literatures are case sensitive, i.e., they give different input parameters of CDP for a unique concrete class used in different finite element (FE) simulation of concrete structures. In this study, the authors attempt to introduce a new approach for the identification of the input parameters of the CDP model, which guarantees the uniqueness and precision of the model. In other words, by this method, the input parameters obtained for a specific concrete class with a unique characteristic strength can be used for FE simulation of the different concrete structures which were constructed by this concrete without the need to additional modifications raised from any new application.

Design/methodology/approach
For the input parameter identification of the CDP model, different standard tests of plain concrete are simulated by the ABAQUS standard software. These test simulations are performed for various set of input parameters. In the end, those set of input parameters which represents the best curve fitting with the experimental results is chosen as the optimum parameters.

Findings
By comparison of the FE simulation results obtained from the ABAQUS for two different concrete structures using the proposed input parameters for the CDP model with the experimental results, it was shown that the presented method for determining those parameters can guarantee the uniqueness and precision of the CDP model in simulation.

Originality/value
The method described for determining the input parameters of the CDP model of the ABAQUS standard software has not been previously presented.
The shockwave dispersion/attenuation potential of a protective structure made of a chemically reactive mixture
Authors: Grujicic Mica , Ramaswami S. , Snipes Jennifer 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
In the recent work, a new blast-wave impact-mitigation concept involving the use of a protective structure consisting of bimolecular reactants (polyvinyl pyridine+cyclohexyl chloride), capable of undergoing a chemical reaction (to form polyvinyl pyridinium ionic salt) under shockwave loading conditions, was investigated using all-atom reactive equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular-dynamics analyses. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the beneficial shockwave dispersion/attenuation effects offered by the chemical reaction, direct simulations of a fully supported single planar shockwave propagating through the reactive mixture were carried out, and the structure of the shock front examined as a function of the extent of the chemical reaction (i.e. as a function of the strength of the incident shockwave). The results obtained clearly revealed that chemical reactions give rise to considerable broadening of the shockwave front. In the present work, the effect of chemical reactions and the structure of the shockwaves are investigated at the continuum level.

Design/methodology/approach
Specifically, the problem of the (conserved) linear-momentum accompanying the interaction of an incident shockwave with the protective-structure/protected-structure material interface has been investigated, within the steady-wave/structured-shock computational framework, in order to demonstrate and quantify an increase in the time period over which the momentum is transferred and a reduction in the peak loading experienced by the protected structure, both brought about by the occurrence of the chemical reaction (within the protective structure).

Findings
The results obtained clearly revealed the beneficial shock-mitigation effects offered by a protective structure capable of undergoing a chemical reaction under shock-loading conditions.

Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, the present manuscript is the first report dealing with a continuum-level analysis of the blast-mitigation potential of chemical reactions.
Investigating agent-based inter-organizational systems and business network performance
Authors: Wasesa Meditya , Stam Andries , van Heck Eric 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
From the theoretical perspectives of both multi-agent systems and smart business networks, empirical studies analyzing agent-based inter-organizational systems (ABIOS) in a real-life business setting are rare. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of ABIOS on the performance of business networks.

Design/methodology/approach
This study presents a theoretical conceptual model portraying the influence of ABIOS on clients’ coordination structure and information architecture; and the impact of those structural alterations on business network performance in terms of the coordination, agility, and informational performances. To validate the model, a cross-case analysis was conducted in three logistics cases, namely, warehousing, freight forwarding, and intermodal transportation.

Findings
The application of ABIOS requires adjustments to the information architecture or the coordination structure, or both. Subsequently, those structural adjustments will stimulate improvements in the coordination, agility, and informational performances.

Research limitations/implications
The assessment of the clients’ performance improvement is done at the company level not at an aggregate network level. Moreover, the study only covers cases from the logistics sector.

Practical implications
This study explains the structural consequences of ABIOS applications. The adoption of an inter-organizational system is a strategic decision that requires support from multi-stakeholders. While the applications of ABIOS can offer performance improvement opportunities, adjustments must be made to the existing coordination structure or the information architecture, or both.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the smart business network literature and the ABIOS literature by presenting a validated conceptual model explaining the interplay among ABIOS, the coordination structure, informational structure, and business network performance, namely, the coordination, agility, and informational performances.