bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aurore : sur quelles lumières débouche le travail en profondeur ?
Authors: Blondel Éric 
Published: August 2016

Aurore (1881) de Nietzsche doit être lu en tant que tel et non comme un signe précurseur des analyses ultérieures (psychologie, généalogie, volonté de puissance). C’est une critique de la culture, autrement dit de la morale, où Nietzsche se réclame explicitement du style d’analyse des moralistes français. C’est un travail de sape : mais la métaphore a des implications philosophiques inattendues : le travail de minage n’aboutit pas à la découverte d’un socle ou d’un fondement, mais sur le nihil de la mort de Dieu.
Double Augmented Vertical Rectus Transposition for Large-Angle Esotropia Due to Sixth Nerve Palsy
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Vijayalakshmi Perumalsamy , Shetty Shashikant , Vora Priyanka , Kalwaniya Suresh 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
To study the binocular alignment and ocular motility in patients with large-angle esotropia due to sixth nerve palsy treated with double augmented vertical recti transposition.

Methods:
This was a prospective interventional study. Fifteen patients with non-resolving sixth nerve palsy who underwent surgical correction were included in the study. Fourteen patients also underwent an additional medial rectus recession. Two patients with an associated small vertical deviation had a selective augmentation of one vertical rectus muscle. Binocular alignment, ocular motility, duction limitation, improvement in head posture, induced vertical deviations, and field of diplopia-free binocular single vision (when possible) were analyzed. Successful outcome was defined as a residual horizontal deviation of 10 prism diopters (PD) or less with no vertical deviation at final follow-up (6 months).

Results:

The double augmented Hummelsheim procedure improved esotropia from 58.3 ± 10.8 PD preoperatively to 7.2 ± 5.1 PD postoperatively (
P
= .001). Three (20%) patients had residual deviation of greater than 10 PD, of which 1 patient had diplopia and was treated with prisms. Postoperative binocular field of vision was performed in 6 patients, the mean of which was 20° for abduction and 45° for adduction. Three of 6 patients had elimination of face turn and the rest had residual head posture of less than 5°. Two patients had an induced vertical deviation of less than 4 PD. In patients who had selective augmentation, the vertical deviation was completely corrected.

Conclusions:
The patients operated on with double augmentation of the Hummelsheim procedure combined with medial rectus recession had reduced mean primary esotropia and improved diplopia-free field of vision postoperatively.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(6):369–374.]
IL-17 Promotes Neutrophil-Mediated Immunity by Activating Microvascular Pericytes and Not Endothelium
Authors: Liu Rebecca , Lauridsen Holly M. , Amezquita Robert A. , Pierce Richard W. , Jane-wit Dan , Fang Caodi , Pellowe Amanda S. , Kirkiles-Smith Nancy C. , Gonzalez Anjelica L. , Pober Jordan S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A classical hallmark of acute inflammation is neutrophil infiltration of tissues, a multistep process that involves sequential cell–cell interactions of circulating leukocytes with IL-1– or TNF-activated microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes (PCs) that form the wall of the postcapillary venules. The initial infiltrating cells accumulate perivascularly in close proximity to PCs. IL-17, a proinflammatory cytokine that acts on target cells via a heterodimeric receptor formed by IL-17RA and IL-17RC subunits, also promotes neutrophilic inflammation but its effects on vascular cells are less clear. We report that both cultured human ECs and PCs strongly express IL-17RC and, although neither cell type expresses much IL-17RA, PCs express significantly more than ECs. IL-17, alone or synergistically with TNF, significantly alters inflammatory gene expression in cultured human PCs but not ECs. RNA sequencing analysis identifies many IL-17–induced transcripts in PCs encoding proteins known to stimulate neutrophil-mediated immunity. Conditioned media from IL-17–activated PCs, but not ECs, induce pertussis toxin–sensitive neutrophil polarization, likely mediated by PC-secreted chemokines, and they also stimulate neutrophil production of proinflammatory molecules, including TNF, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-8. Furthermore, IL-17–activated PCs, but not ECs, can prolong neutrophil survival by producing G-CSF and GM-CSF, delaying the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and caspase-9 activation. Importantly, neutrophils exhibit enhanced phagocytic capacity after activation by conditioned media from IL-17–treated PCs. We conclude that PCs, not ECs, are the major target of IL-17 within the microvessel wall and that IL-17–activated PCs can modulate neutrophil functions within the perivascular tissue space.
Dynein Separately Partners with NDE1 and Dynactin To Orchestrate T Cell Focused Secretion
Authors: Nath Shubhankar , Christian Laura , Tan Sarah Youngsun , Ki Sanghee , Ehrlich Lauren I. R. , Poenie Martin 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Helper and cytotoxic T cells accomplish focused secretion through the movement of vesicles toward the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) and translocation of the MTOC to the target contact site. In this study, using Jurkat cells and OT-I TCR transgenic primary murine CTLs, we show that the dynein-binding proteins nuclear distribution E homolog 1 (NDE1) and dynactin (as represented by p150Glued) form mutually exclusive complexes with dynein, exhibit nonoverlapping distributions in target-stimulated cells, and mediate different transport events. When Jurkat cells expressing a dominant negative form of NDE1 (NDE1–enhanced GFP fusion) were activated by Staphylococcus enterotoxin E–coated Raji cells, NDE1 and dynein failed to accumulate at the immunological synapse (IS) and MTOC translocation was inhibited. Knockdown of NDE1 in Jurkat cells or primary mouse CTLs also inhibited MTOC translocation and CTL-mediated killing. In contrast to NDE1, knockdown of p150Glued, which depleted the alternative dynein/dynactin complex, resulted in impaired accumulation of CTLA4 and granzyme B–containing intracellular vesicles at the IS, whereas MTOC translocation was not affected. Depletion of p150Glued in CTLs also inhibited CTL-mediated lysis. We conclude that the NDE1/Lissencephaly 1 and dynactin complexes separately mediate two key components of T cell–focused secretion, namely translocation of the MTOC and lytic granules to the IS, respectively.
Functional Differences between IgM and IgD Signaling in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: ten Hacken Elisa , Sivina Mariela , Kim Ekaterina , O’Brien Susan , Wierda William G. , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Estrov Zeev , Keating Michael J. , Oellerich Thomas , Scielzo Cristina , Ghia Paolo , Caligaris-Cappio Federico , Burger Jan A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
BCR signaling is a central pathogenetic pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Most CLL cells express BCRs of IgM and IgD isotypes, but the contribution of these isotypes to functional responses remains incompletely defined. We therefore investigated differences between IgM and IgD signaling in freshly isolated peripheral blood CLL cells and in CLL cells cultured with nurselike cells, a model that mimics the lymph node microenvironment. IgM signaling induced prolonged activation of ERK kinases and promoted CLL cell survival, CCL3 and CCL4 chemokine secretion, and downregulation of BCL6, the transcriptional repressor of CCL3. In contrast, IgD signaling induced activation of the cytoskeletal protein HS1, along with F-actin polymerization, which resulted in rapid receptor internalization and failure to support downstream responses, including CLL cell survival and chemokine secretion. IgM and IgD receptor downmodulation, HS1 and ERK activation, chemokine secretion, and BCL6 downregulation were also observed when CLL cells were cocultured with nurselike cells. The Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib effectively inhibited both IgM and IgD isotype signaling. In conclusion, through a variety of functional readouts, we demonstrate very distinct outcomes of IgM and IgD isotype activation in CLL cells, providing novel insight into the regulation of BCR signaling in CLL.
The Lord’s Prayer as a paradigm for restorative justice in brokenness
Authors: Du Plessis Amanda 
Published: August 2016

The Lord’s Prayer has a collective and an individual sense. In a pastoral context it can lead the individual believer to inner healing, transformation, faith and redemption; with the result of a collective sense of merciful, sacrificing, restorative justice that forms a paradigm for restorative justice in a broken society. Ultimately the Lord’s Prayer ripples outwards from the supplicant’s own needs to the fulfilment of the love commandment towards God and other people. With the use of the Lord’s Prayer in the pastoral guidance process, the counselee’s attention can shift from a problem-focused attitude to a life of justice, peace and joy. The research question under investigation asks if the Lord’s Prayer can really form a paradigm for restorative justice within a situation of brokenness when it forms part of the pastoral guidance process to give structure to the mixture of emotions that the counselee experiences. The pastoral challenge lies in not limiting newly-found healing to the counselling room, but letting it result in a responsible way of life. Two main themes of the Lord’s Prayer are discussed, namely, human beings’ relationship with God, and their dependence on God for life. The main themes are related to the love commandment, which in itself aims to guide the believer to the realisation of a wider responsibility towards society in respect of merciful, sacrificing, restorative justice that heals brokenness.
Public knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy in Majmaah
Authors: Almutairi Aqeel Munahi , Ansari Tahir , Sami Waqas , Salah Baz 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Objectives: Epilepsy is very common in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, occurring in 6.54 out of every 1000 individuals. The current study was conducted to determine the level of public awareness of and attitudes toward epilepsy in the city of Majmaah, Saudi Arabia. Subjects and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia. The study population included respondents derived from preselected public places in the city. Stratified random sampling was used, and the sample size was made up of 706 individuals. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection from respondents after receiving their verbal consent. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 2.0. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Majmaah University. Results: The results showed that 575 (81.4%) of the respondents had heard or read about epilepsy. Almost 50% of the respondents knew someone who had epilepsy, and 393 (55.7%) had witnessed what they believed to be a seizure. Results showed that 555 (78.6%) respondents believed that epilepsy was neither a contagious disease nor a type of insanity. It was found that 335 (47.5%) stated that epilepsy was a brain disease, and almost one-quarter of the respondents said that the manifestation of an epileptic episode is a convulsion. Regarding attitude, 49% and 47.3% of respondents stated that they would not allow their children to interact with individuals with epilepsy and would object to marrying an individual with epilepsy, respectively. Conclusion: Although knowledge about epilepsy is improving, it is still not adequate. The study showed that the attitude toward epilepsy is poor.
Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcomes of traumatic brain injury: Evidences from integrated level 1 trauma center in India
Authors: Kamal Vineet Kumar , Agrawal Deepak , Pandey Ravindra Mohan 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality, morbidity, disability, and socioeconomic losses in the Indian subcontinent. However, for policymaking and research, there is a lack of reliable and larger data in our settings. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate and describe the epidemiological, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients with TBI in a Level 1 Trauma Center in India. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, all patients with moderate or severe TBI, based on emergency department Glasgow Coma Scale, admitted to neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit (ICU) during May 2010–July 2012 were evaluated to provide detailed information on TBI-related variables and outcomes using descriptive statistics. Results: Among the 1527 patients with moderate or severe TBI patients with mean age 32.15 ± 16.76 years (range: 1–90) and male:female ratio 6.5:1, 1281 (83.89%) had severe TBI. The majority of cases took place in the age group of 21–40 years (50.24%) with the most common mode of injury as road traffic accidents (RTAs) (64.96%). Surgical intervention (craniotomy) was done in 49.12% of patients. About 34.58% (n = 528) patients died in hospital, and 67.21% (n = 701) had unfavorable outcome at 6 months. Conclusions: This is the first study of its kind from the Indian subcontinent that gives data on the admission characteristics, mortality, and 6 months outcome of such patients. Most of the injuries occurred due to RTAs, more common among the economic productive age groups and mostly in males with a high rate of mortality and unfavorable outcome.
Therapeutic Taping for Scapular Stabilization in Children With Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy
Authors: Russo Stephanie A. , Rodriguez Luisa M. , Kozin Scott H. , Zlotolow Dan A. , Chafetz Ross S. , Killelea Carolyn M. , Nicholson Kristen F. , Richards James G. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. In this study, we aimed to assess whether therapeutic taping for scapular stabilization affected scapulothoracic, glenohumeral, and humerothoracic joint function in children with brachial plexus birth palsy and scapular winging.
METHOD. Motion capture data were collected with and without therapeutic taping to assist the middle and lower trapezius in seven positions for 26 children. Data were compared with one-way multivariate analyses of variance.
RESULTS. With therapeutic taping, scapular winging decreased considerably in all positions except abduction. Additionally, there were increased glenohumeral cross-body adduction and internal rotation angles in four positions. The only change in humerothoracic function was an increase of 3° of external rotation in the external rotation position.
CONCLUSION. Therapeutic taping for scapular stabilization resulted in a small but statistically significant decrease in scapular winging. Overall performance of positions was largely unchanged. The increased glenohumeral joint angles with therapeutic taping may be beneficial for joint development; however, the long-term impact remains unknown.
Client-Centered Advocacy: Every Occupational Therapy Practitioner’s Responsibility to Understand Medical Necessity
Authors: Stover Alyson D. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Occupational therapy practitioners must advocate for clients in multiple ways. The Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process as well as the Occupational Therapy Code of Ethics lend support to advocacy. Recognizing one’s responsibility to provide advocacy for clients is different from knowing how to provide that advocacy. One aspect of health care affected by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) is the definition and implementation of medical necessity. This article outlines some major concepts around medical necessity, particularly in relation to the passage of the ACA, and outlines guidance on how to advocate effectively to meet both individual and community needs.
Combined therapy (intravitreal bevacizumab plus verteporfin photodynamic therapy) versus intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy for choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration: a 1-year follow-up study
Authors: Saviano Sandro , Leon Pia Easter , Mangogna Alessandro , Tognetto Daniele 
Published: August 2016

PurposeTo assess the efficacy and safety of combined intravitreal bevacizumab and low-fluency-rate photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to compare it with intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy.
MethodsA total of 62 eyes of 62 patients with angiographic evidence of CNV were divided into 2 groups: the eyes of one group were treated with a combined therapy of 1 intravitreal bevacizumab injection (1.25 mg) and PDT within 7 days; the eyes of the other group received intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy. Clinical evidence of complications, best-corrected visual acuity (BVCA) and fluorescein leakage were evaluated. Best-corrected visual acuity and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were tested monthly and followed for 12 months.
ResultsIn the combined group the mean BCVA increased from 0.61 logMAR before the treatment to 0.54 logMAR at 12 months’ follow-up. In the monotherapy group the mean BCVA increased from 0.65 logMAR to 0.60 logMAR at 12 months’ follow-up. There was no significant difference in visual acuity outcomes between groups (P > 0.05). In the combined group the mean number of treatments was 1.19 per patient; in the monotherapy group, 5.31 per patient (P < 0.01).
ConclusionsCombined therapy appears to be an effective option for CNV associated with AMD treatment allowing a significant reduction of intravitreal injections.
Influência dos enunciados na resolução de problemas de programação introdutória
Authors: Raabe André , Zanini Adriana Salvador , Santana André Luiz Maciel , Vieira Marli Fatima Vick 
Published: August 2016

O método de ensino mais utilizado, em disciplinas de programação introdutória, é a proposição de problemas em que apresenta-se um enunciado com um problema descrito e os estudantes elaboram um algoritmo para solucioná-lo. Muitas são as dificuldades apresentadas pelos estudantes, principalmente relacionadas à compreensão e interpretação do enunciado. Esta pesquisa analisou os enunciados apresentados nos livros didáticos mais frequentemente adotados em universidades brasileiras, e constatou que geralmente são objetivos, sem indícios do processo de resolução, sem exemplificação e com um contexto predominantemente matemático. Nesse cenário formulou-se a questão de pesquisa: a estrutura e/ou o contexto de um enunciado podem influenciar o desempenho dos alunos, de programação introdutória na resolução de problemas? A estrutura está relacionada aos elementos que constam no enunciado para auxiliar o estudante a compreendê-lo tais como exemplos, casos de testes ou indícios da solução. O contexto se refere ao tema/enredo da questão. Partiu-se da crença de que em contextos que o estudante possui maior familiaridade, como jogos, compreenderá melhor os problemas e poderá ter melhor desempenho. Para responder esta questão realizou-se uma pesquisa experimental para avaliar a influência dos enunciados no desempenho dos estudantes ao resolverem problemas de programação introdutória. Foram propostos problemas usando dois contextos: matemático e jogos e dois tipos de estrutura: estruturado e não estruturado formando assim quatro grupos de tratamento. No experimento participaram 246 estudantes de oito turmas de seis instituições de ensino superior de três diferentes estados de diferentes regiões geográficas do Brasil. Os resultados apontaram que os estudantes tiveram melhor desempenho quando os enunciados são estruturados e que este é acentuado quando o contexto é matemático. Não foi encontrada nenhuma evidência de que a utilização do contexto de jogos nos enunciados favoreceu o desempenho. O pior desempenho ocorreu o grupo de questões do contexto matemático não estruturado, justamente o modelo de enunciado mais frequentemente encontrado nos livros didáticos, o que leva a conclusão de que é necessário repensar a forma de apresentar os problemas aos estudantes de programação introdutória.
Rheologic constraints on the upper mantle from 5 years of postseismic deformation following the El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake
Authors: Hines T. T. , Hetland E. A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe analyze five years of Southern California GPS data following the Mw=7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake. We observe transient postseismic deformation which persists for 3 years at epicentral distances greater than ∼200 km. In the near field, rapid postseismic transience decays to a sustained rate which exceeds its preseismic trend. We attempt to determine the mechanisms driving this deformation, where we consider afterslip at seismogenic depths and viscoelastic relaxation in the lower crust and upper mantle as candidate mechanisms. We find that early, rapid, near‐field deformation can be explained with afterslip on the fault that ruptured coseismically. The later, sustained, near‐field deformation can be explained with viscoelastic relaxation in the lower crust with a steady‐state viscosity of ∼1019 Pa s and possibly continued afterslip. The later postseismic deformation in the far field is best explained with a transient viscosity of ∼1018 Pa s in the upper mantle. We argue that a transient rheology in the mantle is preferable over a Maxwell rheology because it better predicts the decay in postseismic deformation and also because it does not conflict with the generally higher, steady‐state viscosities inferred from studies of geophysical processes occurring over longer timescales.
How does Subantarctic Mode Water ventilate the Southern Hemisphere subtropics?
Authors: Jones Daniel C. , Meijers Andrew J. S. , Shuckburgh Emily , Sallée Jean‐Baptiste , Haynes Peter , McAufield Ewa K. , Mazloff Matthew R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn several regions north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), deep wintertime convection refreshes pools of weakly stratified subsurface water collectively referred to as Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW). SAMW ventilates the subtropical thermocline on decadal timescales, providing nutrients for low‐latitude productivity and potentially trapping anthropogenic carbon in the deep ocean interior for centuries. In this work, we investigate the spatial structure and timescales of mode water export and associated thermocline ventilation. We use passive tracers in an eddy‐permitting, observationally‐informed Southern Ocean model to identify the pathways followed by mode waters between their formation regions and the areas where they first enter the subtropics. We find that the pathways followed by the mode water tracers are largely set by the mean geostrophic circulation. Export from the Indian and Central Pacific mode water pools is primarily driven by large‐scale gyre circulation, whereas export from the Australian and Atlantic pools is heavily influenced by the ACC. Export from the Eastern Pacific mode water pool is driven by a combination of deep boundary currents and subtropical gyre circulation. More than 50% of each mode water tracer reaches the subtropical thermocline within 50 years, with significant variability between pools. The Eastern Pacific pathway is especially efficient, with roughly 80% entering the subtropical thermocline within 50 years. The time required for 50% of the mode water tracers to leave the Southern Ocean domain varies significantly between mode water pools, from 9 years for the Indian mode water pool to roughly 40 years for the Central Pacific mode water pool.