bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statins during pregnancy: a cohort study using the General Practice Research Database to investigate pregnancy loss
Authors: McGrogan Anita , Snowball Julia , Charlton Rachel A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to determine if there are any differences between the types of pregnancy loss experienced by women who have been prescribed a statin just before or early in pregnancy compared with those who have not.MethodsA retrospective cohort study using the General Practice Research Database was carried out. Women aged 10–49 years at pregnancy start who received a prescription for a statin in the 3 months before and/or during the first trimester of pregnancy were matched to up to 10 pregnancies on age at start date, diabetes and hypertension status before pregnancy. Pregnancies occurring between 1/1/1992 and 31/3/2009 were included. Pregnancy losses were identified and categorised as spontaneous (including miscarriage), induced for medical, other or unknown reasons. Freetext was used to determine the type of loss where this was not clear from the coded medical records.ResultsTwo hundred eighty‐one pregnancies potentially exposed to statins were identified and matched to 2643 unexposed pregnancies. About 54.45% of pregnancies potentially exposed to a statin resulted in a delivery compared with 62.81% of those not exposed. 25.27% of all pregnancies potentially exposed to a statin resulted in a spontaneous loss compared with 20.81% in those not exposed. Using a time to event analysis with exposure as a time‐dependent covariate gave an adjusted hazards ratio of 1.64 (95%CI 1.10 to 2.46) of spontaneous pregnancy loss in the statin exposed group.ConclusionsThis study is the first to report the differences in types of pregnancy loss following the potential exposure to a statin just before or early in pregnancy. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carboxylesterase 2 Is a Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester Synthase
Authors: Tseng Yu‐Wei , Lin Chueh‐Yu , Tsai Chung‐Lin , Chou Tsong‐Yung , Hung Chih‐Huang , Kuo Ching‐Hua , Lai Shang‐Chi , Tzeng Yin‐Jeh 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlcoholic beverages are consumed in high volumes globally, and the absorbed ethanol is metabolized by oxidative and non‐oxidative pathways. Although the latter pathways are minor, the resulting accumulation of fatty acid ethanol esters (FAEEs) has been implicated in organ damage and dysfunction, including in the liver and the pancreas. Carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) has not yet been characterized as a FAEE synthase versus several identified esterase. In this study, we aim to determine whether CES2 synthesizes FAEE from palimitic acid (PA) and ethanol. Mouse recombinant CES2 protein was mixed with PA and deuterated ethanol (EtOD) and the production of FAEE was monitored using GC/MS. The results showed that deuterated palmitic acid ethyl ester (PAEED) was produced, with EtOD concentration‐ and time‐dependent yields. At a constant palmitic acid concentration of 4 mM, the apparent Km and Vmax values for ethanol and for PAEED synthesis were 898.1 mM and 36.5 pM/min respectively. The protein structure and active site of CES2 was predicted using sequence alignments with well characterized CES1. Although the amino sequence of CES2 shares only 45 % identity with human carboxylesterase 1 (hCES1), the main domain and active site are conserved. We made a docking simulation and thus speculate that CES2 is a FAEE synthase with a similar catalytic mechanism to CES1. These data provide an important first step in vivo for pathological and therapeutic studies of FAEE‐mediated organ damages.
Sorption and Desorption of Cyhalofop‐Butyl on Mesopotamic Agricultural Soils
Authors: Bordón Alexander Germán , Pila Andrea Natalia , Profeta Mariela Inés , Jorge María Josefa , Romero Jorge Marcelo , Jorge Nelly Lidia , Michellod Alcides Martín Miguel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe ability of herbicides to be adsorbed by the soil and their tendency to be desorbed are some of the most important factors affecting soil and water contamination. Therefore, a sorption and desorption study were conducted to evaluate the adsorption‐desorption of cyhalofop‐butyl, in the sandy clay loam and at different depths using a batch equilibrium method. The adsorption of cyhalofop‐butyl was found positively related with the clay and organic carbon content. The kinetic profiles occurred in three steps. With an initial rapid adsorption in the early hours followed by slow adsorption and then it was constant during the rest of the range studied. Adsorption data conformed well to the Freundlich isotherm, whit increasing of adsorption with increasing of organic matter of the soil of different depth. The desorption process showed an important hysteresis phenomenon. The adsorption isotherm suggested a relatively higher affinity of cyhalofop‐butyl to the adsorption sites at low equilibrium concentrations. The low value of the soil organic carbon partition coefficient (Koc) of cyhalofop‐butyl in the sandy loam soil suggested its weaker adsorption in soil and thus increased its risk of mobility into water sources.
Melamine and Spermine Mediated Supramolecular self–assembly of Octaphosphonate Tetraphenyl Porphyrin
Authors: Bhosale Rajesh S. , La Duong Duc , Al Kobaisi Mohammad , Bhosale Sidhanath V. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate the supramolecular self‐assembly of {porphyrin‐5,10,15,20‐tetrayltetrakis[(benzene‐5,1,3‐triyl)bis (methylene)]}octakis(phosphonic acid) 1 in the presence of melamine and spermine. The morphology of 1 in the presence of melamine and spermine was different, indicated that change in analytes could be used to control nanostructures. UV‐vis and fluorescence spectroscopic methods were employed to investigate aggregation mode. The self‐assembled nanostructure was confirmed by SEM imaging and XRD measurements.
An in–situ Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Methanol‐Permeation resistant PEM with Great Mechanical Stability Retention Capacity
Authors: Li Jing , Xiong Jie , Ma Liying , Xu Guoxiao , Jiang Yao , Luo Xingying , Cai Weiwei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn in‐situ organic‐inorganic hybrid strategy is proposed for proton exchange membrane (PEM) preparation based on a hyperbranched polyamide proton conductive macromolecule. With similar effects on proton conductivity and methanol permeability as that of the conventional organic‐inorganic hybrid strategy, the in‐situ organic‐inorganic hybrid one showed much better retention capacity on mechanical stability. With trace amount of TiO2 nanoparticle, acting as a model inorganic filler in this work, methanol permeability of a previously developed macromolecular polyamide proton conductor, which already showed higher proton conductivity and methanol resistivity than the commercial Nafion membrane, is further reduced by ca. 20 % while the proton conductivity is only slightly decayed. More importantly, mechanical strength of the in‐situ hybrid membrane remained almost the same as that of the original polymeric membrane while the conventional hybrid strategy would lead to a 25 % tensile strength loss.
Coordination Complexes of Manganese and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ali Basharat , Iqbal Muhammad Adnan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe clinical success of metallodrugs is rapidly increasing. The historical use of cisplatin and recently a successful marketing of its clinically advanced derivatives (oxaliplatin, carboplatin, nedaplatin, lobaplatin and heptaplatin) for the treatment of various types of cancer has opened new horizons for metal based drugs. Complexes of cobalt, gold, ruthenium, palladium, manganese and even arsenic are either being marketed or close to get success in clinical trials for the treatment of various diseases. Current review compiles the advances on manganese complexes and their biomedical applications. A possible structure activity relationship has been discussed.
Temperature and Pressure Effects on the Catalytic Performance of Metalloporphyrins during Hydrogenation of Naphthalene
Authors: Liu He , Fan Shiguang , Wang Zongxian , Chen Kun , Guo Aijun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTemperature and pressure effects on the catalytic performance of metalloporphyrins (MPs) for naphthalene hydrogenation were studied. Naphthalene hydrogenation over MPs and sulfur (S), or S alone was examined at varying temperatures and pressures. MPs showed catalytic activity for naphthalene hydrogenation by aid of S. The catalytic activity was promoted by increasing pressure and temperature. The promotion for nickel porphyrinseemed stronger than that for vanadyl porphyrin. Excessive temperature hindered catalytic performance due to coke formation. To reveal role of temperature and pressure in catalytic performance of MPs, the demetalation was traced by ultraviolet‐visible(UV/Vis) spectroscopy, and catalytic species were characterized by Raman and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). High catalytic activity was correlated with high conversion of MPs. The catalytic species were mixtures of different nickel sulfide phases. High pressure and temperature facilitatedformation of crystalline metal sulfides. This work can provide guidance for activating inherent MPs in heavy oil more effectively during hydroconversion.
M3NiAu5 [M= Na, K]: A Possible All Metal Magnetic Zintl Phase
Authors: Reddy G. Naaresh , Giri Santanab 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA new all metal magnetic Zintl like ion [NiAu5]3‐ has been designed based on 18‐electron rule. Within the Density Functional Theory framework, we have shown that the triplet state of [NiAu5]3‐ is most stable and it remains in the same spin state after forming phases with alkali metal, Na and K. Charge distribution of these phases, Na3[NiAu5] and K3[NiAu5] reveals that these phases are mimicking Zintl phase.
Synthesis and Electrocatalysis of Diiron Monothiolate Complexes: Small Molecule Mimics of the [FeFe] Hydrogenase Enzyme
Authors: Natarajan Mookan , Pandey Indresh Kumar , Kaur‐Ghumaan Sandeep 
Published: February 2017

AbstractReaction of the precursor complexes [Fe2(μ‐SCH2Ph)2(CO)6] 1 and [Fe2(μ‐SEt)2(CO)6] A with the phosphine ligand (L=P(PhOMe‐p)3) yielded the mono‐substituted complexes [Fe2(μ‐SCH2Ph)2(CO)5(P(PhOMe‐p)3)] 2 and [Fe2(μ‐SEt)2(CO)5(P(PhOMe‐p)3)] 3. All the complexes were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. X‐ray crystal structure has been reported for complex 3. The reduction potentials of the phosphine substituted complexes 2 and 3 appeared at more negative potentials in comparison to the precursor complexes 1 and A. Complexes 1–3 were catalytically active towards proton reduction in the presence of acids.
Nitridische und oxinitridische HPPMS‐Beschichtungen für den Einsatz in der Kunststoffverarbeitung (Teil 2)
Authors: Bobzin Kirsten , Grundmeier Guido , Brögelmann Tobias , de los Arcos Teresa , Wiesing Martin , Kruppe Nathan C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn der vorherigen Ausgabe wurden drei oxinitridische Hartstoffschichten auf CrAl‐Basis beschrieben, die mittels der physikalischen Gasphasenabscheidung (physical vapour deposition, PVD) als Schutzschichten vor adhäsivem und abrasivem Verschleiß in der Kunststoffextrusion hergestellt wurden. Die Beschichtungen wurden mit variierendem Sauerstoffgehalt synthetisiert, um den Einfluss der chemischen Zusammensetzung auf Schichteigenschaften und Verbundeigenschaften zwischen Beschichtung und beschichtetem Werkzeug zu untersuchen. In diesem Beitrag werden darauf aufbauend anwendungsorientierte Systemeigenschaften der drei betrachteten Schichtsysteme gegenüber einer Polycarbonatschmelze untersucht.
Die Dichtheitsprüfung an Beschichtungsanlagen
Authors: Konwitschny Rudolf , Barfuss Heinz 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag geben die Autoren Einblicke in ihre langjährige Erfahrung bei optimalen Installation und der dem effektivsten Betrieb eines Heliumlecksuchers zur Dichtheitsprüfung an Beschichtungsanlagen mit Gaseinlasssystem. Der Anwender erfährt physikalische Zusammenhänge und Abhängigkeiten, welche die Ansprech‐ und Erholungszeiten beeinflussen. Der von Hilfspumpen größeren Einsatz bei Kammervolumina und das daraus resultierende Teilstromverhältnis werden betrachtet. Grundsätzliche Einsatzhinweise runden den Artikel ab.
Growth and expression of relevant metabolic genes of Clostridium thermocellum cultured on lignocellulosic residues
Authors: Leitão Vanessa O , Noronha Eliane F , Camargo Brenda R , Hamann Pedro R V , Steindorff Andrei S , Quirino Betania F , de Sousa Marcelo Valle , Ulhoa Cirano J , Felix Carlos R 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The plant cell wall is a source of fermentable sugars in second-generation bioethanol production. However, cellulosic biomass hydrolysis remains an obstacle to bioethanol production in an efficient and low-cost process. Clostridium thermocellum has been studied as a model organism able to produce enzymatic blends that efficiently degrade lignocellulosic biomass, and also as a fermentative microorganism in a consolidated process for the conversion of lignocellulose to bioethanol. In this study, a C. thermocellum strain (designated B8) isolated from goat rumen was characterized for its ability to grow on sugarcane straw and cotton waste, and to produce cellulosomes. We also evaluated C. thermocellum gene expression control in the presence of complex lignocellulosic biomasses. This isolate is capable of growing in the presence of microcrystalline cellulose, sugarcane straw and cotton waste as carbon sources, producing free enzymes and residual substrate-bound proteins (RSBP). The highest growth rate and cellulase/xylanase production were detected at pH 7.0 and 60 °C, after 48 h. Moreover, this strain showed different expression levels of transcripts encoding cellulosomal proteins and proteins with a role in fermentation and catabolic repression.
Constantia: The Last Constantinian
Authors: McEvoy Meaghan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article highlights the significant role played by Constantia, posthumous daughter of the emperor Constantius II, in late fourth century dynastic politics and ideology. Though Constantia has generally been neglected in modern studies of the period, close examination of the surviving sources reveals her pivotal position, even from her earliest years, as a coveted link between the Constantinian dynasty and new emperors seeking to establish themselves and their families in the turbulent years of the 360s, 370s and 380s AD. Through investigation of the source material relating to Constantia’s short life, we gain further vital insight into the perennial importance to imperial politics of dynastic loyalty, and specifically loyalty to the Constantinian house, in the late fourth century, as well as emerging new ideas about the complexities of the marriages of imperial women.
Utopian Motifs in Early Greek Concepts of the Afterlife
Authors: Burton Diana 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper explores the use of utopian motifs in early Greek concepts of the afterlife. The notion of a paradisiacal existence for selected heroes after death is widespread in Greek thought, going back at least as far as Hesiod, and appearing in such diverse sources as Pindar, the Orphic gold leaves, Attic comedy, and Lucian. Such idyllic afterlives share various features common to Lewis Mumford’s ‘utopias of escape’ (The Story of Utopias, London, 1922, 15), such as the absence of pain and toil, plentiful and self-supplying food and drink, the company of one’s peers, and so forth. They also share the utopian ideals of selective and restricted citizenship – although the requirements for entry may vary. The popularity of eschatological utopias is associated with the theme of a lost ‘Golden Age’ and the consequent assumption of the inevitable decline of human societies. Although often regarded as escapist fantasies, eschatological utopias do react, often critically, to perceived issues in the societies that constructed them. Their unreal nature is regarded as problematic, and through their association with Kronos and the Golden Age they exemplify the dangers ofanomia.But they also provide a means by which an individual can preserve his consciousness and identity in death.
The Rhetoric of Fear in Euripides’Phoenician Women
Authors: Papadodima Efi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn accordance with its notoriously rich plot,Phoenician Womenexplores diverse aspects of fear that affect, and are thematised by, various parties at different stages of the plot.1Against the background of a virtually ‘irrational’ and inescapable divine necessity (treated as a source of dread in itself), Euripides presents the play’s central crisis as being largely determined by rational and controlled decision-making, within an array of moral disputes that enter the scene. The agents’ decision-making standardly comprises diverging, conflicting, or inconsistent attitudes towards fear and related emotions, such as shame (in both past and present).The rhetoric of fear thus reflects and further highlights the characters’ conflicting viewpoints, as well as Euripides’ trademark tendency to toy with his audience’s expectations and assumptions about ethical values and what is ‘right’. This article argues that his approach is substantially different from the Aeschylean treatment of the same myth (Seven against Thebes). By offering a concrete and abstract treatment of the situational anxieties over war and familial feud, Euripides’ rhetoric of fear ultimately shifts the focus to the complexities and contradictions of human motivation.
Sport and Democracy in Classical Athens
Authors: Pritchard David M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article addresses the neglected problem of elite sport in classical Athens. Democracy may have opened up politics to every citizen, but it had no impact on sporting participation. Athenian sportsmen continued to be drawn from the elite. Thus it comes as a surprise that non-elite citizens judged sport to be a very good thing and created an unrivalled program of local sporting festivals on which they spent a staggering sum. They also shielded sportsmen from the public criticism that was otherwise normally directed towards the elite and its exclusive pastimes. The work of social scientists suggests that the explanation of this problem can be found in the close relationship that non-elite Athenians perceived between sporting contests and their own waging of war. The article’s conclusion is that it was the democracy’s opening up of war to non-elite citizens that legitimised elite sport.
AnAureusof Pompeius Magnus
Authors: Marshall Bruce 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn a recent article in this journal, Kathryn Welch and Hannah Mitchell examined a much debated question: to what extent did Roman commanders, and in particular Pompeius, model themselves on Alexander the Great?1The opposing views on this question are best encapsulated by Peter Green on the one side, and Erich Gruen on the other.2One piece of evidence used in this continuing debate is anaureusof Pompeius, but there are two disputes related to it: the date of its issue and the iconography of its obverse. Unfortunately, due to a lack of specific evidence the discussion trying to resolve these disputes often ends without a clear conclusion, and we are left with speculation and conjecture.The reverse of theaureusshows a triumph, and the nub of the question about dating the coin is which triumph does it depict. The argument here is that the coin depicts Pompeius’ third triumph in 61 BC, when he celebrated his extensive conquests in the East. That date will help the argument that the personification on the obverse has Alexander overtones, as some scholars suggest. If that can be established, it will give some idea of Pompeius’ intentions in minting the coin: Pompeius was not only channelling Alexander, but also trying to imply that he had surpassed the Macedonian king’s achievements.
Organizational and training factors that promote team science: A qualitative analysis and application of theory to the National Institutes of Health’s BIRCWH career development program
Authors: Guise Jeanne-Marie , Winter Susan , Fiore Stephen M. , Regensteiner Judith G. , Nagel Joan 
Published: February 2017

IntroductionResearch organizations face challenges in creating infrastructures that cultivates and sustains interdisciplinary team science. The objective of this paper is to identify structural elements of organizations and training that promote team science.MethodsWe qualitatively analyzed the National Institutes of Health’s Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health, K12 using organizational psychology and team science theories to identify organizational design factors for successful team science and training.Principal ResultsSeven key design elements support team science: (1) semiformal meta-organizational structure, (2) shared context and goals, (3) formal evaluation processes, (4) meetings to promote communication, (5) role clarity in mentoring, (6) building interpersonal competencies among faculty and trainees, and (7) designing promotion and tenure and other organizational processes to support interdisciplinary team science.ConclusionThis application of theory to a long-standing and successful program provides important foundational elements for programs and institutions to consider in promoting team science.
Measurements of wave damping by a grease ice slick in Svalbard using off-the-shelf sensors and open-source electronics
Authors: RABAULT JEAN , SUTHERLAND GRAIG , GUNDERSEN OLAV , JENSEN ATLE 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTVersatile instruments assembled from off-the-shelf sensors and open-source electronics are used to record wave propagation and damping measured by Inertial Motion Units (IMUs) in a grease ice slick near the shore in Adventfjorden, Svalbard. Viscous attenuation of waves due to the grease ice slick is clearly visible by comparing the IMU data recorded by the different instruments. The frequency dependent spatial damping of the waves is computed by comparing the power spectral density obtained from the different IMUs. We model wave attenuation using the one-layer model of Weber from 1987. The best-fit value for the effective viscosity is ν = (0.95 ± 0.05 × 10−2)m2 s−1, and the coefficient of determination is R2 = 0.89. The mean absolute error and RMSE of the damping coefficient are 0.037 and 0.044m−1, respectively. These results provide continued support for improving instrument design for recording wave propagation in ice-covered regions, which is necessary to this area of research as many authors have underlined the need for more field data.
Evidence for two sympatric sirenian species (Mammalia, Tethytheria) in the early Oligocene of Central Europe
Authors: Voss Manja , Hampe Oliver 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe early Oligocene (Rupelian) sirenianHalitherium schinziiKaup, 1838, which represents the type species of the genusHalitheriumKaup, 1838, is revised herein based on a morphological re-evaluation of skeletal material originally assigned to this taxon. This study provides new and comprehensive information on the cranial and postcranial anatomy and allows the distinction of two sympatric species. Following a recent approach on the invalidity and subsequent rejection ofH.schinziiKaup, 1838,Kaupitherium gruellinew genus new species is established on the basis of a nearly complete holotype. The second taxon resemblesK.gruellin. sp. in a number of skeletal features, such as reduced nasals and absence of the canines, but can be clearly distinguished mainly by the post-canine dental formula and the supraoccipital morphology. The diagnostic skullcap of a species formerly synonymized under “H.schinzii” is re-validated as the holotype ofK.bronni(Krauss, 1858). On the basis of paleoecological implications, a hypothesis is established to explain the overlapping stratigraphic and biogeographic occurrences (i.e., sympatry of both taxa). A diagnosis and up-to-date synonymy complement the taxonomical information. The revision of “H.schinzii” provides new data on the past sirenian diversity and forms the basis for a taxonomic and systematic re-evaluation of species originally grouped in the genus “Halitherium.”