bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stoichiometric Control of Electrocatalytic Amorphous Nickel Phosphide to Increase Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity and Stability in Acidic Medium
Authors: Wasalathanthri Ruwani N. , Jeffrey Samuel , Su Naheya , Sun Kai , Giolando Dean M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis work describes the electrocatalysis of amorphous nickel phosphide (Ni‐P) electrodeposited onto copper metal foil, for its use as a non‐noble metal catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 0.5 M H2SO4. Although electrodeposition offers many advantages over conventional high temperature and high pressure fabrication techniques, there are very few reports on the preparation of Ni‐P electrocatalysts via electrodeposition. This Ni‐P electrocatalyst exhibits good activity in acidic medium, with a potential of –222 mV to achieve 10 mA cm–2 cathodic current density. This potential is comparable to that of electrodeposited Pt black (–104 mV), and much better than that of electrodeposited Ni (–480 mV). An unusual long‐term stability in acidic medium was demonstrated by the –222 mV potential remaining constant after 5000 cyclic voltammetric sweeps in 0.5 M H2SO4. Importantly, the stoichiometry of the nickel phosphide films can be easily varied from an atomic % of phosphorus from 15 % to as high as 24 % by modifications to the electrodeposition conditions. Such a high phosphorous loading is greater than is generally reported with electrodeposited Ni‐P materials. In addition, we observed Ni‐P films electrodeposited at lower temperatures (∼ 3 °C) result in higher phosphorous loading, which gives rise to enhanced stability as well as activity. Electrodeposited amorphous Ni‐P can therefore be used as an active, stable and Earth‐abundant metal catalyst for the HER in acidic electrolytes.
Diastereoselective Carbamate Annulation for the Synthesis of 2,5‐Dideoxy‐2,5‐iminoglycitols
Authors: Hunt‐Painter Alex A. , Moggré Gert‐Jan , Tyler Peter C. , Stocker Bridget L. , Timmer Mattie S. M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA combination of the Vasella‐reductive‐amination and carbamate annulation reactions was applied on a ketose starting material for the diastereoselective total synthesis of 2,5‐dideoxy‐2,5‐imino‐glycitols. The synthesis of 2,5‐dideoxy‐2,5‐imino‐l‐iditol (4) was particularly expedient (6 steps and 18% overall yield) as the route minimises the use of protecting groups, thereby reducing the number of synthetic steps and increasing the overall yield. The Vasella reductive amination methodology could be readily applied to the amination of ketones, albeit with moderate diastereoselectivity. However, the I2‐mediated carbamate annulation strongly favours the formation of pyrrolidines with the 2,5‐trans and 4,5‐cis relationships. The highly diastereoselective carbamate annulation thus provided a general means by which to synthesise 2,5‐dideoxy‐2,5‐imino‐glycitols of defined stereochemistry.
Myoglobin and Polydopamine‐Engineered Raman Nanoprobes for Detecting, Imaging, and Monitoring Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Samples and Living Cells
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Kumar Amit , Kim Gyeong‐Hwan , Rhim Won‐Kyu , Hartman Kevin L. , Nam Jwa‐Min 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHighly reliable detection, imaging, and monitoring of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for understanding and studying the biological roles and pathogenesis of ROS. This study describes the design and synthesis of myoglobin and polydopamine‐engineered surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (MP‐SERS) nanoprobes with strong, tunable SERS signals that allow for specifically detecting and imaging ROS sensitively and quantitatively. The study shows that a polydopamine nanolayer can facilitate the modification of Raman‐active myoglobins and satellite Au nanoparticles (s‐AuNPs) to a plasmonic core AuNP (c‐AuNP) in a controllable manner and the generation of plasmonically coupled hot spots between a c‐AuNP and s‐AuNPs that can induce strong SERS signals. The six‐coordinated Fe(III)‐OH2 of myoglobins in plasmonic hotspots is reacted with ROS (H2O2, •OH, and O2−) to form Fe(IV)O. The characteristic Raman peaks of Fe(IV)O from the Fe‐porphyrin is used to analyze and quantify ROS. This chemistry allows for these probes to detect ROS in solution and image ROS in cells in a highly designable, specific, and sensitive manner. This work shows that these MP‐SERS probes allow for detecting and imaging ROS to differentiate cancerous cells from noncancerous cells. Importantly, for the first time, SERS‐based monitoring of the autophagy process in living cells under starvation conditions is validated.
Cellulose‐Based Nanomaterials for Energy Applications
Authors: Wang Xudong , Yao Chunhua , Wang Fei , Li Zhaodong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCellulose is the most abundant natural polymer on earth, providing a sustainable green resource that is renewable, degradable, biocompatible, and cost effective. Recently, nanocellulose‐based mesoporous structures, flexible thin films, fibers, and networks are increasingly developed and used in photovoltaic devices, energy storage systems, mechanical energy harvesters, and catalysts components, showing tremendous materials science value and application potential in many energy‐related fields. In this Review, the most recent advancements of processing, integration, and application of cellulose nanomaterials in the areas of solar energy harvesting, energy storage, and mechanical energy harvesting are reviewed. For solar energy harvesting, promising applications of cellulose‐based nanostructures for both solar cells and photoelectrochemical electrodes development are reviewed, and their morphology‐related merits are discussed. For energy storage, the discussion is primarily focused on the applications of cellulose‐based nanomaterials in lithium‐ion batteries, including electrodes (e.g., active materials, binders, and structural support), electrolytes, and separators. Applications of cellulose nanomaterials in supercapacitors are also reviewed briefly. For mechanical energy harvesting, the most recent technology evolution in cellulose‐based triboelectric nanogenerators is reviewed, from fundamental property tuning to practical implementations. At last, the future research potential and opportunities of cellulose nanomaterials as a new energy material are discussed.
Composing annotations without regret? Practical experiences using FeatureC
Authors: Krüger Jacob , Pinnecke Marcus , Kenner Andy , Kruczek Christopher , Benduhn Fabian , Leich Thomas , Saake Gunter 
Published: September 2017

SummarySoftware product lines enable developers to derive similar products from a common code base. Existing implementation techniques can be categorized as composition‐based and annotation‐based approaches, with both approaches promising complementary benefits. However, annotation‐based approaches are commonly used in practice despite composition allowing physical separation of features and, thus, improving traceability and maintenance. A main hindrance to migrate annotated systems toward a composition‐based product line is the challenging and time‐consuming transformation task. For a company, it is difficult to predict the corresponding costs, and a successful outcome is uncertain. To overcome such problems, a solution proposed by the previous work is to use a hybrid approach, utilizing composition and annotation simultaneously. Based on this idea, we introduce a stepwise migration process from annotation‐based toward composition‐based approaches to lower the adoption barrier of composition. This process itself is independent of used implementation techniques and enables developers to incrementally migrate toward composition. We support our approach with detailed examples by partially migrating a real‐world system. In detail, we describe the following: (1) our migration process, (2) its application on a real‐world system, and (3) discuss practical challenges we face. We implemented the proposed approach and show that appropriate tool support helps to migrate toward composition‐based product lines. Based on the case study, we show that the hybrid product lines work correctly and can compete with the performance of the original annotated system. However, the results also illustrate open issues that have to be solved to apply such migrations in practice.
Decarbonizing the transportation sector: policy options, synergies, and institutions to deliver on a low‐carbon stabilization pathway
Authors: Lah Oliver 
Published: September 2017

This paper outlines the key elements of a low‐carbon stabilization pathway for land transport, focusing on the potential of key policy measures at the local and national level, opportunities for synergies of sustainable development and climate change objectives, and governance and institutional issues affecting the implementation of measures. It combines several approaches to provide an integrated view on the decarbonization of the transport sector based on recent literature. It will assess the quantitative basis potential climate change mitigation pathways and will then look into policy and institutional aspects that relate to the feasibility of these pathways. This combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis to measure the potential, options, and feasibility of climate change mitigation strategies in the transport sector aims to synthesize recent papers on the subject and draw conclusions for future research. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e257. doi: 10.1002/wene.257This article is categorized under:

Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy
Energy and Development > Climate and Environment
Referrals to Mental Health Services: Exploring the Referral Process in Genetic Counseling
Authors: Cunningham Mitchell , Morreale Mary , Trepanier Angela 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGenetic counselors (GCs) are trained to identify and attend to distress; however, GCs may have patients with distress better managed by mental health professionals (MHPs). To understand the GCs’ role in mental health care, we explored patient cues prompting GCs to refer to MHPs and where GCs thought their expertise in managing patient distress ended. We recruited GCs who have referred a patient for mental health services within the last year to participate in an interview study. A twelve‐question interview guide explored GC demographics, reasons for referrals to MHPs, the obstacles to referrals, and perceived differences in counseling competencies between GCs and MHPs. Twenty‐eight semi‐structured interviews were conducted, recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed using an inductive approach, consisting of reading a subset of transcripts and assigning codes to meaningful segments of text. Common reasons for referral included the GC's perception of the patient having limited social support, or when the patient indicated significant anxiety related to their at‐risk status or recent diagnosis. GCs felt they referred when they were limited by time and training to provide adequate psychosocial services. The participants in this study acknowledged that their scope of practice is limited to short‐term, client‐centered counseling. Our findings are a first step in helping increase GCs’ awareness of factors that contribute to the referral process to MHPs.
Highs and lows: Naturalistic changes in mood and everyday hassles over school and vacation periods in adolescents
Authors: Verma Sumedha , Allen Nicholas B. , Trinder John , Bei Bei 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThis study investigated changes in adolescents' mood and everyday hassles across school‐terms and vacation periods. 146 (52.7% female) community‐dwelling adolescents aged 16.2 ± 1.0 years (M±SD) completed self‐report measures on depression, anxiety, and everyday hassles at four time points: during a school vacation, and the start, middle, and end of school‐terms. Latent growth modeling showed that the end of a school‐term was associated with significantly higher symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hassles; these measures were lower during the vacation. Hassles were strongly associated with more negative mood at all times. Our findings suggest significant fluctuations in adolescent mood and everyday hassles across school‐vacation cycles. These findings call for careful consideration and reporting of timing in mood and stress assessment in adolescent research, as school‐vacation cycles may have strong influence on both. Naturalistic changes in mood over school‐vacation cycles reported are also clinically informative for designing and delivering adolescent wellbeing programs.
The impact of social media promotion with infographics and podcasts on research dissemination and readership
Authors: Thoma Brent , Murray Heather , Huang Simon York Ming , Milne William Ken , Martin Lynsey J. , Bond Christopher M. , Mohindra Rohit , Chin Alvin , Yeh Calvin H. , Sanderson William B. , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveIn 2015 and 2016, the Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine (CJEM) Social Media (SoMe) Team collaborated with established medical websites to promote CJEM articles using podcasts and infographics while tracking dissemination and readership.MethodsCJEM publications in the “Original Research” and “State of the Art” sections were selected by the SoMe Team for podcast and infographic promotion based on their perceived interest to emergency physicians. A control group was composed retrospectively of articles from the 2015 and 2016 issues with the highest Altmetric score that received standard Facebook and Twitter promotions. Studies on SoMe topics were excluded. Dissemination was quantified by January 1, 2017 Altmetric scores. Readership was measured by abstract and full-text views over a 3-month period. The number needed to view (NNV) was calculated by dividing abstract views by full-text views.ResultsTwenty-nine of 88 articles that met inclusion were included in the podcast (6), infographic (11), and control (12) groups. Descriptive statistics (mean, 95% confidence interval) were calculated for podcast (Altmetric: 61, 42-80; Abstract: 1795, 1135-2455; Full-text: 431, 0-1031), infographic (Altmetric: 31.5, 19-43; Abstract: 590, 361-819; Full-text: 65, 33-98), and control (Altmetric: 12, 8-15; Abstract: 257, 159-354; Full-Text: 73, 38-109) articles. The NNV was 4.2 for podcast, 9.0 for infographic, and 3.5 for control articles.DiscussionLimitations included selection bias, the influence of SoMe promotion on the Altmetric scores, and a lack of generalizability to other journals.ConclusionCollaboration with established SoMe websites using podcasts and infographics was associated with increased Altmetric scores and abstract views but not full-text article views.
Dietary intake of fat and fibre according to reference values relates to higher gut microbiota richness in overweight pregnant women
Authors: Röytiö Henna , Mokkala Kati , Vahlberg Tero , Laitinen Kirsi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe diet–microbiota–metabolism relationships during pregnancy are mostly unknown. We explored the effect of the habitual diet and adherence to the dietary reference values on gut microbiota composition and diversity. Further, the association of gut microbiota with serum lipidomics and low-grade inflammation was evaluated. Overweight and obese women (BMI 30·7 (sd4·4) kg/m2,n100) were studied at early pregnancy (≤17 weeks). Intakes of nutrients were calculated from 3-d food diaries. Faecal microbiota composition was analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fasting serum lipidomic profiles were determined by NMR. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, glycoprotein acetylation (GlycA) and lipopolysaccharide activity were used as markers for low-grade inflammation. The recommended dietary intake of fibre and fat was related to higher gut microbiota richness and lower abundance of Bacteroidaceae. Correlations were observed between gut microbiota richness and GlycA and between a few microbiota genera and serum lipoprotein particles. As a conclusion, adherence to the dietary reference intake of fat and fibre was associated with beneficial gut microbiota composition, which again contributed to lipidomic profile. Higher gut microbiota richness and nutrient intakes were linked to a lower level of low-grade inflammation marker GlycA. This finding offers novel insights and opportunities for dietary modification during pregnancy with potential of improving the health of the mother and the child.
Effect of breakfast omission and consumption on energy intake and physical activity in adolescent girls: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zakrzewski-Fruer Julia K. , Plekhanova Tatiana , Mandila Dafni , Lekatis Yannis , Tolfrey Keith 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIt is not known if breakfast consumption is an effective intervention for altering daily energy balance in adolescents when compared with breakfast omission. This study examined the acute effect of breakfast consumption and omission on free-living energy intake (EI) and physical activity (PA) in adolescent girls. Using an acute randomised cross-over design, forty girls (age 13·3 (sd 0·8) years, BMI 21·5 (sd 5·0) kg/m2) completed two, 3-d conditions in a randomised, counter-balanced order: no breakfast (NB) and standardised (approximately 1962 kJ) breakfast (SB). Dietary intakes were assessed using food diaries combined with digital photographic records and PA was measured via accelerometry throughout each condition. Statistical analyses were completed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Post-breakfast EI was 483 (sd 1309) kJ/d higher in NB v. SB (P=0·025), but total daily EI was 1479 (sd 11311) kJ/d higher in SB v. NB (P<0·0005). Daily carbohydrate, fibre and protein intakes were higher in SB v. NB (P<0·0005), whereas daily fat intake was not different (P=0·405). Effect sizes met the minimum important difference of ≥0·20 for all significant effects. Breakfast manipulation did not affect post-breakfast macronutrient intakes (P≥0·451) or time spent sedentary or in PA (P≥0·657). In this sample of adolescent girls, breakfast omission increased post-breakfast free-living EI, but total daily EI was greater when a SB was consumed. We found no evidence that breakfast consumption induces compensatory changes in PA. Further experimental research is required to determine the effects of extended periods of breakfast manipulation in young people.
Using item response theory to address vulnerabilities in FFQ
Authors: Kazman Josh B. , Scott Jonathan M. , Deuster Patricia A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe limitations for self-reporting of dietary patterns are widely recognised as a major vulnerability of FFQ and the dietary screeners/scales derived from FFQ. Such instruments can yield inconsistent results to produce questionable interpretations. The present article discusses the value of psychometric approaches and standards in addressing these drawbacks for instruments used to estimate dietary habits and nutrient intake. We argue that a FFQ or screener that treats diet as a ‘latent construct’ can be optimised for both internal consistency and the value of the research results. Latent constructs, a foundation for item response theory (IRT)-based scales (e.g. Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) are typically introduced in the design stage of an instrument to elicit critical factors that cannot be observed or measured directly. We propose an iterative approach that uses such modelling to refine FFQ and similar instruments. To that end, we illustrate the benefits of psychometric modelling by using items and data from a sample of 12 370 Soldiers who completed the 2012 US Army Global Assessment Tool (GAT). We used factor analysis to build the scale incorporating five out of eleven survey items. An IRT-driven assessment of response category properties indicates likely problems in the ordering or wording of several response categories. Group comparisons, examined with differential item functioning (DIF), provided evidence of scale validity across each Army sub-population (sex, service component and officer status). Such an approach holds promise for future FFQ.
Educational level and employment status in adults with congenital heart disease
Authors: Pfitzer Constanze , Helm Paul C. , Rosenthal Lisa-Maria , Walker Christoph , Ferentzi Hannah , Bauer Ulrike M. M. , Berger Felix , Schmitt Katharina R. L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeThrough this study we aimed to assess the educational level and employment status of adults with CHD in Germany.MethodsData were acquired from an online survey carried out in 2015 by the German National Register for Congenital Heart Defects. A total of 1458 adults with CHD participated in the survey (response rate: 37.6%). For 1198 participants, detailed medical information, such as main cardiac diagnosis and information from medical reports, was available.ResultsOf the participants surveyed (n=1198), 54.5% (n=653) were female, and the mean age was 30 years. The majority of respondents (59.4%) stated that they had high education levels and that they were currently employed (51.1%). Patients with simple CHD had significantly higher levels of education (p<0.001) and were more likely to be employed (p=0.01) than were patients with complex CHD.ConclusionsMore than half of the participants had high education levels and the majority were employed. The association between CHD and its severity and individuals’ educational attainment should be investigated more closely in future studies.
PARTIAL LIABILITY—CORRIGENDUM
Authors: Kaiserman Alex 
Published: September 2017

At the top of page 7 of the article by Kaiserman in the March 2017 issue of Legal Theory, two equations are reversed. The sentence containing these equations should read as follows:Suppose for the sake of argument that P(c │ d ˄ b) = 0.9 and P(c │ r ˄ b) = 0.2; then it follows from Causal Contribution that f(D, [R, D]→C)b ≈ 0.82 and f(R, [R, D]→C)b ≈ 0.18.
Genome-wide association and HLA region fine-mapping studies identify susceptibility loci for multiple common infections
Authors: Tian Chao , Hromatka Bethann S. , Kiefer Amy K. , Eriksson Nicholas , Noble Suzanne M. , Tung Joyce Y. , Hinds David A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInfectious diseases have a profound impact on our health and many studies suggest that host genetics play a major role in the pathogenesis of most of them. We perform 23 genome-wide association studies for common infections and infection-associated procedures, including chickenpox, shingles, cold sores, mononucleosis, mumps, hepatitis B, plantar warts, positive tuberculosis test results, strep throat, scarlet fever, pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, yeast infections, urinary tract infections, tonsillectomy, childhood ear infections, myringotomy, measles, hepatitis A, rheumatic fever, common colds, rubella and chronic sinus infection, in over 200,000 individuals of European ancestry. We detect 59 genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10−8) associations in genes with key roles in immunity and embryonic development. We apply fine-mapping analysis to dissect associations in the human leukocyte antigen region, which suggests important roles of specific amino acid polymorphisms in the antigen-binding clefts. Our findings provide an important step toward dissecting the host genetic architecture of response to common infections.