bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation du questionnaire d'éreutophobie de la Salpětrière
Authors: Pelissolo Antoine , Lobjoie Corine , Montefiore Delphine 
Published: January 2017

Objectif: Étudier les principales caractéristiques psychométriques du questionnaire d'éreutophobie de la Salpětrière (QES) auprès d'un échantillon clinique et non clinique. Méthode: Trois groupes, constitués de patients souffrant de phobie sociale (PS) ( n = 212), de patients souffrant d'autres troubles anxieux ( n = 146), et de participants de la population générale ( n = 171), ont été étudiés. Ils ont rempli le QES ainsi que plusieurs échelles de symptomatologie anxieuse et dépressive. Le diagnostic d'éreutophobie était posé selon des critères standardisés et évalué sur une échelle d'impression clinique globale. Résultats: La structure factorielle de l'échelle QES est claire, un seul facteur expliquant 83,9 % du score total, et son coefficient de cohérence interne alpha s'élève à 0,96. Le score du QES est corrélé significativement à une hétéro-évaluation dimensionnelle de la peur de rougir (rho = 0,91) et à des mesures de PS (rho = 0,23 à 0,55). La moyenne des scores au QES est plus élevée dans le groupe des patients avec PS, et encore supérieure dans celui des patients avec éreutophobie. Un score de 7 sur 24 permet de dépister l'éreutophobie avec une sensibilité de 92,1 % et une spécificité de 87,7 %. La stabilité test-retest du QES à 15 jours d'intervalle est satisfaisante (CCI = 0,83). Conclusion: Le QES est un outil valide et sensible pour dépister et mesurer l'intensité de l'éreutophobie, qui peut ětre utilisé dans des études psychopathologiques et thérapeutiques sur cette pathologie.
Screening Cognitive Performance with the Resident Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Cognitive Performance Scale
Authors: Jones Kendra , Perlman Christopher M , Hirdes John P , Scott Tracey 
Published: January 2017

Objective: The validity of the Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS) embedded in the Resident Assessment Instrument—Mental Health (RAI-MH) was evaluated among adult psychiatric inpatients. Methods: The CPS is a brief measure of cognitive performance, with scores ranging from 0 (intact) to 6 (very severe impairment). The CPS scores were compared with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores for 215 adult psychiatric inpatients. Results: The CPS scores were significantly correlated with MMSE scores ( r = −0.69, P < 0.001) and MoCA scores ( r = −0.69, P < 0.001). Higher scores on the CPS were associated with greater functional impairment, older age, and a greater prevalence of dementia diagnoses than lower CPS scores. Conclusions: Pilot data show the CPS is a valid screening measure of cognitive performance among adult psychiatric inpatients. Additional research is needed to replicate our study using a larger sample with more diverse mental health conditions.
Stresses of Passage, Balms of Resettlement, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Sri Lankan Tamils in Canada
Authors: Beiser Morton , Simich Laura , Pandalangat Nalini , Nowakowski Matilda , Tian Fu 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: To explore the salience of pre- and postmigration stresses as risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to identify resilience factors and explore their mental health salience. Methods: We conducted a mental health survey of 1603 Sri Lankan Tamils in Toronto, incorporating the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview for PTSD. Results: According to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, criteria, lifetime prevalence for PTSD was 12%; according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria it was 5.8%. Female sex and the number of stresses of passage increased the probability of PTSD, whereas satisfaction with life and the availability of nonfamily social relations reduced it. Conclusions: Consideration of pre- and postmigration stresses of passage and of the nature of resilience contributes to an improved understanding of PTSD among refugees.
Erratum
Authors: Li Ning , Pang Lihua , Chen Gong , Song Xinming , Zhang Jun , Zheng Xiaoying 
Published: January 2017

Li N, Pang L, Chen G, et al. Risk factors for depression in older adults in Beijing. Can J Psychiatry. 2011;56(8):466–473. It has come to our attention that there was missing affiliation information for 3 authors. The correct positions and affiliations are shown below: The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry regrets the error and any inconvenience it might have caused.
Economic Evaluation of the Impact of Memantine on Time to Nursing Home Admission in the Treatment of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Lachaine Jean , Beauchemin Catherine , Legault Mark , Bineau Sébastien 
Published: January 2017

Objective: An observational study showed that combining memantine with a cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) treatment significantly delayed admission to nursing homes in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Our study aimed to evaluate the economic impact of the concomitant use of memantine and a ChEI, compared with a ChEI alone, in a Canadian population of patients with AD. Method: A cost-utility analysis using a Markov model during a 7-year time horizon was performed according to a societal and Canadian health care system perspective. The Markov model includes the following states: noninstitutionalized, institutionalized, and deceased. The model includes transition probabilities for institutionalization and death, adjusted with mortality rates specific to AD. Utilities associated with institutionalization and noninstitutionalization were included. For the health care system perspective, costs of medication as well as costs of care provided in the community and in nursing homes were considered. For the societal perspective, costs of direct care and supervision provided by caregivers were added. Results: From both perspectives, the concomitant use of a ChEI and memantine is a dominant strategy, compared with the use of a ChEI alone. On a per patient basis, there was a gain of 0.26 quality-adjusted life years with the treatment including memantine and cost decreases of Can$21 391 and Can$30 512, respectively, for the societal and health care system perspective. Conclusions: This economic evaluation indicates that institutionalization is the largest cost component in AD management and that the use of memantine, combined with a ChEI, to treat AD is a cost-effective alternative, compared with the use of a ChEI alone.
The Challenges Faced by Caregivers of Children with Impairments of Psychological Functions: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Baillargeon Raymond H , Bernier Julie , Normand Claude L 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To assess the challenges faced by caregivers of children with impairments of psychological functions (IPFs). Method: Data came from the 2001 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey, a post-census national survey of people with disabilities residing in the 10 Canadian provinces. Interviews of caregivers of children aged 5 to 14 years with a disability ( n = 3908) were conducted between September 2001 and January 2002. Results: Caregivers of children with IPFs who are severely limited in their everyday activities were more likely to: need respite care; be refused a child care program or service; not receive health services for their children when needed; and not take a job, quit work, and work fewer hours to care for their children. Conclusions: This highlights the importance of both removing barriers and obstacles to the full participation of children with IPFs in everyday activities and improving their caregivers' access to health and child care services. It also argues in favour of family-centred care that explicitly considers caregivers' concerns, identifies their needs and problems, and supports families in their caregiving roles.
A Longitudinal Study of Risk Factors for Incident Drug Use in Adults: Findings from a Representative Sample of the US Population
Authors: Harrington Michael , Robinson Jennifer , Bolton Shay-Lee , Sareen Jitender , Bolton James M 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To examine baseline mental disorders and other correlates among people who have not previously used drugs as potential risk factors for incident drug use at 3-years' follow-up. Method: Data came from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (commonly referred to as the NESARC) Wave 2 (2004 to 2005; n = 34 653), a longitudinal nationally representative survey of mental illness in community-dwelling adults. The study group consisted of people who reported no history of any illicit drug use or prescription drug misuse at Wave 1 (2001 to 2002). Logistic regression analyses were used to compare people with first-episode drug use at Wave 2 ( n = 1145) to those who remained abstinent ( n = 25 790) across various Wave 1 correlates, including sociodemographic factors, mental disorders (including alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence), childhood adversity, and family history of substance use disorders. Results: All measures of childhood adversity were associated with an increased risk of incident drug use, as were alcohol or drug problems in first-degree relatives. In models adjusted for childhood adversity and a family history of addiction, a pre-existing mood disorder (AOR 1.31; 95% Cl 1.04 to 1.64), personality disorder (AOR 1.82; 95% Cl 1.50 to 2.20), previous nicotine dependence (AOR 1.41; 95% Cl 1.09 to 1.83), and alcohol abuse or dependence (AOR 1.96; 95% Cl 1.48 to 2.60) were independently associated with new-onset drug use at follow-up. Conclusions: Specific mental disorders independently increase the risk of progression to incident drug use among people who were previously abstinent. Early-life adversities and addiction in family members accounts for some, but not all, of this observed relation.
Prévalence des habitudes de jeu en Gaspésie et aux Îles-de-la-Madeleine en 2009
Authors: Giroux Isabelle , Jacques Christian , Ladouceur Robert , Leclerc Martin , Brochu Priscilla 
Published: January 2017

Objectif: Estimer la prévalence des habitudes aux jeux de hasard et d'argent (JHA), du jeu à risque (JAR) et du jeu pathologique probable (JPP) dans la région de la Gaspésie et des Îles-de-la-Madeleine (GIM) (Québec). Méthode: Un sondage téléphonique portant sur les habitudes de jeu a été réalisé auprès de 1014 adultes résidents de la région de la GIM. Les participants ont été sélectionnés aléatoirement. L'échelle Problem Gambling Severity Index de l'Indice canadien du jeu excessif a servi à l'évaluation du jeu pathologique. Résultats: Quatre-vingt-cinq pour cent des répondants rapportent avoir joué à un JHA au cours de l'année précédente. Les activités les plus populaires sont l'achat de billets de loterie, la participation à des tirages et collectes de fonds, le bingo, les cartes ou jeux de société en famille ou avec des amis pour de l'argent, la loterie vidéo et les jeux de casino. Les taux de prévalence du JAR et du JPP s'élèvent à 1,5 % et 0,8 % respectivement. La loterie vidéo s'avère le jeu le plus souvent identifé comme étant problématique, suivi des loteries instantanées et ordinaires (par exemple, Lotto 6/49). Conclusion: Les habitudes de jeu des Gaspésiens et des Madelinots sont similaires à celles observées chez l'ensemble des Québécois. La discussion soulève entre autres la question de la validité de l'évaluation de la présence d'un problème de jeu parmi les membres de l'entourage, et certaines perceptions à risque, dont celle qu'il est impossible de développer un problème aux loteries instantanées et au bingo.
Emerging Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression: Serotonin Transporter Genotype and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Status
Authors: Shapiro Gabriel D , Fraser William D , Séguin Jean R 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Depression is a leading cause of disability and hospitalization. Women are at the highest risk of depression during their childbearing years, and the birth of a child may precipitate a depressive episode in vulnerable women. Postpartum depression (PPD) is associated with diminished maternal somatic health as well as health and developmental problems in their offspring. This review focuses on 2 PPD risk factors of emerging interest: serotonin transporter (5-HTT) genotype and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PU FA) status. Method: The MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched using the key words postpartum depression, nutrition, omega-3 fatty acids, and serotonin transporter gene. Studies were also located by reviewing the reference lists of selected articles. Results: Seventy-five articles were identified as relevant to this review. Three carefully conducted studies reported associations between the 5-HTT genotype and PPD. As well, there is accumulating evidence that n-3 PUFA intake is associated with risk of PPD. Preliminary evidence suggests that there could be an interaction between these 2 emerging risk factors. However, further studies are required to confirm such an interaction and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Conclusions: Evidence to date supports a research agenda clarifying the associations between n-3 PUFAs, the 5-HTT genotype, and PPD. This is of particular interest owing to the high prevalence of poor n-3 PUFA intake among women of childbearing age and the consequent potential for alternative preventive measures and treatments for PPD.
Melancholia: Past and Present
Authors: Healy David 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To investigate commonalities in the clinical presentation of melancholia over time. Method: I conducted a comparative study to 2 epidemiologically complete databases from 1875–1924 and 1995–2005. Results: Patients in the historical period (1875–1924, compared with 1995–2005) with a diagnosis of melancholia show a classic profile of endogenous onset, with remission after 6 months, neurovegetative features, and, commonly, psychosis. The incidence of psychotic presentations appears to have fallen in recent decades. Patients in the contemporary period (1995–2010, compared with 1875–1924) at first admission for severe depressive disorders are more likely at an older age, more likely to go on to die by suicide, and will have much more frequent admissions. Conclusions: The data from this study support classical perceptions of melancholia. The poor outcomes in contemporary cases of severe depressive disorders support arguments for distinguishing between melancholia and other depressive disorders.
The Costs Associated with Antidepressant Use in Depression and Anxiety in Community-Living Older Adults
Authors: Vasiliadis Helen-Maria , Latimer Eric , Dionne Pierre-Alexandre , Préville Michel 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To determine the costs associated with antidepressant (AD) use by depression and anxiety status in a public-managed health care system. Methods: Data were obtained from a population-based health survey of 1869 older adults. Depression and anxiety were based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria and measured at 2 time points 1 year apart. AD and health service use and costs were identified from provincial administrative databases and included hospitalizations, physician fees, outpatient medications, and ambulatory visits. Patient costs considered were related to drug copayments, transportation, and time spent seeking medical care. Annual costs associated with AD use were studied as a function of mental health status at baseline and follow-up interviews (persistence, incidence, remission, or no illness). Generalized linear models with a gamma distribution were used to control for individual factors. Results: The costs incurred by participants using ADs as a whole (17.8%) reached $6678 (95% CI $5449 to $8182), significantly more than in participants not using ADs ($4698; 95% CI $3710 to $5949). AD use was associated with greater total adjusted costs among respondents with no depression (adjusted difference = $1769; 95% CI $236 to $3702) and no anxiety (adjusted difference = $1845; 95% CI $203 to $3486). Conclusion: The results showed that AD use was not associated with cost savings in any group, and indeed with greater costs among participants who were neither depressed nor anxious at any time point. Future cost studies may consider the analyses of different AD classes regarding the different clinical mental health profiles in older adults.
Longitudinal Associations of Importance of Religion and Frequency of Service Attendance with Depression Risk among Adolescents in Nova Scotia
Authors: Rasic Daniel , Asbridge Mark , Kisely Steve , Langille Donald 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To examine the directionality of associations between self-reported religious importance or worship attendance and depression among adolescents, and to determine whether social supports or general self-efficacy are mechanisms of observed associations. Method: A cohort ( n = 976) of Canadian high school students were surveyed in Grade 10 (2000 to 2001) and 2 years later (2002 to 2003). Logistic regression was conducted separately among adolescents with and without elevated depressive symptoms to examine associations between baseline religious attendance and religious importance with later depression, adjusting for confounding factors. Effects of reverse causation were also assessed, determining associations between baseline depression and follow-up religious attendance and importance. Results: Girls who were not depressed at baseline and who attended religious services had lower odds of later depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.46; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.95, P < 0.05), which was accounted for by general self-efficacy. Boys who were depressed at baseline who attended religious services had lower odds of still being depressed at follow-up (AOR 0.23; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.80, P < 0.01). Depression at baseline predicted lower attendance at follow-up among boys (AOR 0.26; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.75, P < 0.01). Conclusions: Religious attendance independently predicts lower depression at follow-up among girls, and may do so by increasing self-efficacy. Among boys with depression, religious attendance predicts a lower likelihood of still being depressed at follow-up. The relation between religious attendance and depression in boys is bidirectional.
Craving in Patients with Schizophrenia and Cannabis Use Disorders
Authors: Schnell Thomas , Becker Theresa , Thiel Maria Chantal , Gouzoulis-Mayfrank Euphrosyne 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Cannabis use is widespread among patients with schizophrenia despite its negative impact on the course of the disease. Craving is a considerable predictor for relapse in people with substance use disorders. Our investigation aimed to gain insight into the intensity and dimensions of cravings in patients with schizophrenia and cannabis use disorders (CUDs), compared with otherwise healthy people with CUDs (control subjects). Method: We examined 51 patients with schizophrenia and CUDs and 51 control subjects by means of the Cannabis-Craving Screening questionnaire. Results: We found greater overall intensity of craving and greater relief craving in patients with schizophrenia and CUDs. Reward craving was greater in the CUDs group. Relief craving was associated with symptoms of schizophrenia in patients with schizophrenia and CUDs. Conclusion: Our findings are in line with the view that aspects of self-medication or affect regulation may account (at least in part) for cannabis use in people with schizophrenia. A better understanding of the dimensions of craving may help to improve targeted therapeutic interventions that aim to reduce drug consumption in this difficult-to-treat patient group.
Families of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review
Authors: Hechtman Lily 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: 1) To review the evidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other conditions in family members (siblings and parents) of children with ADHD and determine the importance of genetic and environmental factors in this condition. 2) To describe the prospective 10-year follow-up of 65 families with ADHD children and 43 families of matched normal controls. 3) To review various studies that have looked at parent–child interactions with ADHD children on and off stimulant medication, and such interactions over time. The paper thus provides an overview of family pathology and functioning of families of ADHD children over time. Method: The paper outlines twin, sibling, family and adoption studies with regard to possible genetic and environmental factors in ADHD. It also presents data of a prospective 10-year follow-up of 65 families with ADHD children and 43 families of normal controls. This family study evaluated sociocultural factors, child rearing practices, health of family members and relationships, as well as the parental view of the child's functioning over time. Results: A review of the literature suggests that ADHD has a strong genetic component, but that environmental factors also play an important role. Families of children with ADHD have more problems than families of normal controls, but these problems improve as the child with ADHD grows up and leaves home. Families of ADHD subjects can appreciate positive as well as negative changes in their children over time. Generally, family interactions with children with ADHD are problematic but improve when the child is on medication and when the child becomes an adult. Conclusions: This condition has strong genetic underpinnings; therefore, diagnosing and treating family members (parents and siblings) as well as the child with ADHD is important in improving parent–child interactions and better long-term outcome for the child and his or her family.
Sex-Role Attitudes and Clinical Appraisal in Psychiatry Residents
Authors: Belitsky Catherine A , Toner Brenda B , Ali Alisha , Yu Betty , Osborne Susan L , deRooy Elizabeth 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To measure sex-role beliefs of psychiatry residents and to examine bias in clinical appraisal. Method: Residents (45 female, 51 male) evaluated 1 of 4 possible clinical case histories— a female or male patient with histrionic personality disorder (HPD) or antisocial personality disorder (APD)— and completed the Sex-Role Egalitarianism Scale (SRES). Results: As predicted, female residents were more egalitarian than male residents (P < 0.03) according to the SRES. As expected, significantly more male than female patients received the diagnosis of APD (P < 0.00002). Although it was predicted that female patients would more often be given the HPD diagnosis than males, no significant gender differences were found. Sex of resident was not found to influence clinical behaviour significantly. Conclusions: These results highlight differential sex-role attitudes, as measured by the SRES, between female and male residents and suggest that residents' sex-role biases affect the diagnosis of APD. These results have implications for psychiatric assessment and treatment. Further understanding of these issues is critical to the development of educational tools to address sex biases in psychiatry.