bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Migraine Responding to Intravenous Thiamine: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Prakash Sanjay , Kumar Singh Ajai , Rathore Chaturbhuj 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundMigraine is a risk factor for thiamine deficiency and Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE). WE is a highly underdiagnosed condition. The misdiagnosis is associated more with early or mild WE. The interrelation between migraine and thiamine deficiency is unknownCase reportsHere, we report two female patients with chronic migraine. During examinations, we also noted clinical signs pertinent with a diagnosis of WE. Both patients had low blood thiamine level. Intravenous thiamine supplementation led to the improvement of both WE and associated headaches.DiscussionNausea, vomiting, and anorexia of migraine may lead to mild to moderate thiamine deficiency and WE. Review of the literature suggests that WE in early or subclinical form will have nonspecific symptoms that may include frequent headache, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. So, WE in the early stage may simulate migrainous features and this will further aggravate thiamine deficiency and a vicious cycle may be formed, and that will progressively increase the chronicity of headaches and other features. Breaking of this cycle by thiamine supplementation might be a promising therapy in a subset of patients with chronic migraine.ConclusionThiamine deficiency due to nausea, vomiting and anorexia of migraine may further aggravate migraine like headaches in cyclical pattern.
Evaluation of the Red Blood Cell Advanced Software Application on the CellaVision DM96
Authors: Criel M. , Godefroid M. , Deckers B. , Devos H. , Cauwelier B. , Emmerechts J. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryIntroductionThe CellaVision Advanced Red Blood Cell (RBC) Software Application is a new software for advanced morphological analysis of RBCs on a digital microscopy system. Upon automated precharacterization into 21 categories, the software offers the possibility of reclassification of RBCs by the operator. We aimed to define the optimal cut‐off to detect morphological RBC abnormalities and to evaluate the precharacterization performance of this software.MethodsThirty‐eight blood samples of healthy donors and sixty‐eight samples of hospitalized patients were analyzed. Different methodologies to define a cut‐off between negativity and positivity were used. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated according to these different cut‐offs using the manual microscopic method as the gold standard. Imprecision was assessed by measuring analytical within‐run and between‐run variability and by measuring between‐observer variability.ResultsBy optimizing the cut‐off between negativity and positivity, sensitivities exceeded 80% for ‘critical’ RBC categories (target cells, tear drop cells, spherocytes, sickle cells, and parasites), while specificities exceeded 80% for the other RBC morphological categories. Results of within‐run, between‐run, and between‐observer variabilities were all clinically acceptable.ConclusionThe CellaVision Advanced RBC Software Application is an easy‐to‐use software that helps to detect most RBC morphological abnormalities in a sensitive and specific way without increasing work load, provided the proper cut‐offs are chosen. However, evaluation of the images by an experienced observer remains necessary.
Multidimensional symptom clusters: an exploratory factor analysis in advanced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Almutary Hayfa , Douglas Clint , Bonner Ann 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsTo explore the existence of symptom clusters in advanced chronic kidney disease.BackgroundPeople with chronic kidney disease commonly report multiple symptoms. However, the complex relationships among these symptoms are still poorly understood.DesignCross‐sectional.MethodsA total of 436 people with stage 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease were recruited from three tertiary hospitals during 2013–2014. Participants completed the Chronic Kidney Disease–Symptom Burden Index that assesses four symptom dimensions (occurrence, distress, severity and frequency) of 32 symptoms. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify symptom clusters across each symptom dimension. Core symptoms in each cluster were determined based on stability across dimensions and clinical plausibility. A high cutoff of 0·50 for factor loading was used for all analyses.ResultsFive symptom clusters were consistently identified across all symptom dimensions: fluid volume symptoms, neuromuscular symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, sexual symptoms and psychological symptoms. Overall, clusters ranged from 2‐10 symptoms. Several symptoms were also interconnected with multiple clusters. Fatigue cross‐loaded on all five clusters, whereas sleep disturbance and restless leg symptoms cross‐loaded across three clusters.ConclusionsAdopting a symptom cluster approach has the potential to significantly advance symptom assessment and nursing care for people in advanced stages of chronic kidney disease. Routine clinical assessment and management strategies targeted at the cluster level should have synergistic effects in reducing symptoms. Fatigue is a pervasive symptom in advanced chronic kidney disease that is interconnected with global symptom burden, suggesting better management of symptom clusters may also reduce fatigue.
Experience of hypertensive patients with self‐management of health care
Authors: Balduino Anice de Fátima Ahmad , Mantovani Maria de Fátima , Lacerda Maria Ribeiro , Marin Maria José Sanches , Wal Marilene Loewen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to interpret how hypertensive patients experience health care self‐management.BackgroundHypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide. The involvement of individuals in the management of their health care to treat this disease is fundamental, with aid and advice from healthcare professionals, especially nurses, so that hypertensive patients can effectively self‐manage their health care.DesignQualitative study.MethodsHypertensive patients were recruited using theoretical sampling. The study sample consisted of 28 hypertensive patients aged 18‐59 years who were registered in the e‐Health programme of the Ministry of Health. Data were collected and analyzed between September 2012–October 2014 using a semi‐structured interview based on the methodological framework of the constructivist grounded theory.FindingsThe participants’ statements depicted an outline of their experience with the disease: the beginning of the illness; understanding the disease process; incorporating behaviour for self‐management of the disease; experiencing attitudes and actions in the control and treatment of the disease; and being treated in the public healthcare system. A central phenomenon emerged, namely hypertensive patients’ experience of self‐management of health care.ConclusionThis phenomenon has paths, actions and interactions. When patients discover that they have the disease and become aware of the disease process, they assume the identity of being hypertensive and become proactive in their health care and in living with their families and in communities.
Mitofusin‐2 knockdown increases ER–mitochondria contact and decreases amyloid β‐peptide production
Authors: Leal Nuno Santos , Schreiner Bernadette , Pinho Catarina Moreira , Filadi Riccardo , Wiehager Birgitta , Karlström Helena , Pizzo Paola , Ankarcrona Maria 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMitochondria are physically and biochemically in contact with other organelles including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Such contacts are formed between mitochondria‐associated ER membranes (MAM), specialized subregions of ER, and the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). We have previously shown increased expression of MAM‐associated proteins and enhanced ER to mitochondria Ca2+ transfer from ER to mitochondria in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ)‐related neuronal models. Here, we report that siRNA knockdown of mitofusin‐2 (Mfn2), a protein that is involved in the tethering of ER and mitochondria, leads to increased contact between the two organelles. Cells depleted in Mfn2 showed increased Ca2+ transfer from ER to mitchondria and longer stretches of ER forming contacts with OMM. Interestingly, increased contact resulted in decreased concentrations of intra‐ and extracellular Aβ40 and Aβ42. Analysis of γ‐secretase protein expression, maturation and activity revealed that the low Aβ concentrations were a result of impaired γ‐secretase complex function. Amyloid‐β precursor protein (APP), β‐site APP‐cleaving enzyme 1 and neprilysin expression as well as neprilysin activity were not affected by Mfn2 siRNA treatment. In summary, our data shows that modulation of ER–mitochondria contact affects γ‐secretase activity and Aβ generation. Increased ER–mitochondria contact results in lower γ‐secretase activity suggesting a new mechanism by which Aβ generation can be controlled.
Evaluation of adult emergence and larval root injury for Cry3Bb1‐resistant populations of the western corn rootworm
Authors: Schrader P. M. , Estes R. E. , Tinsley N. A. , Gassmann A. J. , Gray M. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) event MON 88017 produces the Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) toxin Cry3Bb1 to provide protection from western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) larval feeding. In response to reports of reduced performance of Cry3Bb1‐expressing maize at two locations in Illinois, we conducted a two‐year experiment at these sites to characterize suspected resistance, as well as to evaluate root injury and adult emergence. Single‐plant bioassays were performed on larvae from each population that was suspected to be resistant. Results indicate that these populations had reduced mortality on Cry3Bb1‐expressing maize relative to susceptible control populations. No evidence of cross‐resistance between Cry3Bb1 and Cry34/35Ab1 was documented for the Cry3Bb1‐resistant populations. Field studies were conducted that included treatments with commercially available rootworm Bt hybrids and their corresponding non‐Bt near‐isolines. When compared with their near‐isolines, larval root injury and adult emergence were typically reduced for hybrids expressing Cry34/35Ab1 either alone or in a pyramid. In many instances, larval root injury and adult emergence were not significantly different for hybrids expressing mCry3A or Cry3Bb1 alone when compared with their non‐Bt near‐isolines. These findings suggest that Cry34/35Ab1‐expressing Bt maize may represent a valuable option for maize growers where Cry3Bb1 resistance is either confirmed or suspected. Consistent trends in adult size (head capsule width and dry mass) for individuals recovered from emergence cages were not detected during either year of this experiment. Because of the global importance of transgenic crops for managing insect pests, these results suggest that improved decision‐making for insect resistance management is needed to ensure the durability of Bt maize.
Dietary‐driven variation effects on the symbiotic flagellate protist communities of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes grassei Clément
Authors: Duarte S. , Duarte M. , Borges P. A. V. , Nunes L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe ability of subterranean termites to digest lignocellulose relies not only on their digestive tract physiology, but also on the symbiotic relationships established with flagellate protists and bacteria. The objective of this work was to test the possible effect of different cellulose‐based diets on the community structure (species richness and other diversity metrics) of the flagellate protists of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes grassei. Termites belonging to the same colony were subjected to six different diets (natural diet, maritime pine wood, European beech, thermally modified European beech, cellulose powder and starvation), and their flagellate protist community was evaluated after the trials.All non‐treated sound woods produced similar flagellate protist communities that were more diverse and of high evenness (low dominance). On the contrary, flagellate protist communities from cellulose‐fed termites and starving termites were considered to be significantly different from all non‐treated woods; they were less diverse and some morphotypes became dominant as a consequence of flagellate protist communities having suffered major adaptations to these diets. The flagellate protist communities of untreated beech and thermally modified beech‐fed termites were considered to be significantly different in terms of abundance and morphotype diversity. This may be caused by a decrease in lignocellulose quality available for termites and from an interference of thermally treated wood with the chemical stability of the termite hindgut.Our study suggests that as a consequence of the strong division of labour among these protists to accomplish the intricate process of lignocellulose digestion, termite symbiotic flagellate protist communities are a dynamic assemblage able to adapt to different conditions and diets. This study is important for the community‐level alteration approach, and it is the first study to investigate the effects of thermally modified wood on the flagellate protist communities of subterranean termites.
Prevalence and predictors of inadequate patient medication knowledge
Authors: Romero‐Sanchez Javier , Garcia‐Cardenas Victoria , Abaurre Raquel , Martínez‐Martínez Fernando , Garcia‐Delgado Pilar 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo assess medication knowledge in adult patients and to explore its determinants.MethodCross‐sectional study. Medication knowledge was the primary outcome and was assessed using a previously validated questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association between medication knowledge and the factors included in the model.ResultsSeven thousand two hundred seventy‐eight patients participated in the study. 71.9% (n = 5234) (95% CI: 70.9%–73.0%) of the surveyed patients had an inadequate knowledge of the medication they were taking. The dimensions obtaining the highest level of knowledge were the ‘medication use process’ and ‘therapeutic objective of medication’. The items ‘frequency’ (75.4%), ‘dosage’ (74.5%) and ‘indication’ (70.5%) had the highest percentage of knowledge. Conversely, ‘medication safety’ represented the dimension with the lowest scores, ranging from 12.6% in the item “contraindications” to 15.3% in the item ‘side effects’. The odds ratio (OR) of having an inadequate medication knowledge increased for unskilled workers (OR: 1.33; 85% CI:1.00–1.78; P = 0.050), caregivers (OR:1.46; 95% CI:1.18–1.81; P < 0.001), patients using more than one medication (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.00–1.31; P = 0.050) and patients who did not know the name of the medication they were taking (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.71–2.68 P < 0.001).ConclusionNearly three quarters of the analysed patients had inadequate knowledge regarding the medicines they were taking. Unskilled workers and caregivers were at a higher risk of lacking of medication knowledge. Other factors that correlated with inadequate medication knowledge were the use of more than one drug and not knowing the name of the medication dispensed.
Hippocampal Neurometabolite Changes in Hypothyroidism: AnIn Vivo1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study Before and After Thyroxine Treatment
Authors: Singh S. , Rana P. , Kumar P. , Shankar L. R. , Khushu S. 
Published: May 2016

The hippocampus is a thyroid hormone receptor‐rich region of the brain. A change in thyroid hormone levels may be responsible for an alteration in hippocampal‐associated function, such as learning, memory and attention. Neuroimaging studies have shown functional and structural changes in the hippocampus as a result of hypothyroidism. However, the underlying process responsible for this dysfunction remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the metabolic changes in the brain of adult hypothyroid patients during pre‐ and post‐thyroxine treatment usingin vivoproton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS).1HMRSwas performed in both healthy control subjects (n = 15) and hypothyroid patients (n = 15) (before and after thyroxine treatment). The relative ratios of the neurometabolites were calculated using the linear combination model (LCModel). Our results revealed a significant decrease of glutamate (Glu) (P = 0.045) and myo‐inositol (mI) (P = 0.002) levels in the hippocampus of hypothyroid patients compared to controls. No significant changes in metabolite ratios were observed in the hypothyroid patients after thyroxine treatment. The findings of the present study reveal decreased Glu/tCr andmI/tCr ratios in the hippocampus of hypothyroid patients and these metabolite alterations persisted even after the patients became clinically euthyroid subsequent to thyroxine treatment.
Clinical assessment of enamel wear caused by monolithic zirconia crowns
Authors: Stober T. , Bermejo J. L. , Schwindling F. S. , Schmitter M. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to measure enamel wear caused by antagonistic monolithic zirconia crowns and to compare this with enamel wear caused by contralateral natural antagonists. Twenty monolithic zirconia full molar crowns were placed in 20 patients. Patients with high activity of the masseter muscle at night (bruxism) were excluded. For analysis of wear, vinylpolysiloxane impressions were prepared after crown incorporation and at 6‐, 12‐, and 24‐month follow‐up. Wear of the occlusal contact areas of the crowns, of their natural antagonists, and of two contralateral natural antagonists (control teeth) was measured by use of plaster replicas and a 3D laser‐scanning device. Differences of wear between the zirconia crown antagonists and the control teeth were investigated by means of two‐sided paired Student's t‐tests and linear regression analysis. After 2 years, mean vertical loss was 46 μm for enamel opposed to zirconia, 19–26 μm for contralateral control teeth and 14 μm for zirconia crowns. Maximum vertical loss was 151 μm for enamel opposed to zirconia, 75–115 μm for control teeth and 60 μm for zirconia crowns. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between wear of enamel by zirconia‐opposed teeth and by control teeth. Gender, which significantly affected wear, was identified as a possible confounder. Monolithic zirconia crowns generated more wear of opposed enamel than did natural teeth. Because of the greater wear caused by other dental ceramics, the use of monolithic zirconia crowns may be justified.
Post‐School Destination—A Study of Women and Men With Intellectual Disability and the Gender‐Segregated Swedish Labor Market
Authors: Arvidsson Jessica , Widén Stephen , Staland‐Nyman Carin , Tideman Magnus 
Published: May 2016

AbstractKnowledge about people with intellectual disability (ID) and their connections to the labor market is scarce. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the entry into and representation in the Swedish labor market for people with ID, discussed with a special focus on the gender perspective. This study included 2,745 individuals (30% women and 70% men) who graduated from Swedish upper secondary schools for pupils with intellectual disability (USSID) in the 2000s, and who were defined as employees in 2011. Graduation data from 2001 to 2011 were analyzed in relation to employment data from 2011 and adjusted for gender, graduation year, and educational program. Results show that men who attended a national USSID program and graduated between 2001 and 2006 were the most likely group to have a job. The authors conclude that the gender differences in the Swedish labor market are more clearly pronounced among women and men with ID in relation to employment rate, wage levels, and professions than in the general population. Education, welfare‐services, and interventions specifically targeted to meet the needs of people with ID have to develop in more gender‐sensitive ways.
Lying to ourselves: rationality, critical reflexivity, and the moral order as ‘structured agency’
Authors: Goodman Benny 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA report suggests that United States’ army officers may engage in dishonest reporting regarding their compliance procedures. Similarly, nurses with espoused high ethical standards sometimes fail to live up to them and may do so while deceiving themselves about such practices. Reasons for lapses are complex. However, multitudinous managerial demands arising within ‘technical and instrumental rationality’ may impact on honest decision‐making. This paper suggests that compliance processes, which operates within the social structural context of the technical and instrumental rationality manifest as ‘managerialism’, contributes to professional ‘dishonesty’ about lapses in care, sometimes through ‘thoughtlessness’. The need to manage risk, measure, account, and control in order to deliver efficiency, effectiveness, and economy (technical rationality) thus has both unintended and dysfunctional consequences. Meeting compliance requirements may be mediated by factors such as the ‘affect heuristic’ and ‘reflexive deliberations’ as part of the ‘structured agency’ of nurses. It is the complexity of ‘structured agency’ which may explain why some nurses fail to respond to such things as sentinel events, a failure to recognize ‘personal troubles’ as ‘public issues’, a failure which to outsiders who expect rational and professional responses may seem inconceivable. There is a need to understand these processes so that nurses can critique the context in which they work and to move beyond either/or explanations of structure or agency for care failures, and professional dishonesty.
Deceit and dishonesty as practice: the comfort of lying
Authors: Carter Melody 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLying and deceit are instruments of power, used by social actors in the pursuit of their practices as they seek to maintain social order. All social actors, nurses included, have deceit and dishonesty within their repertoire of practice. Much of this is benign, well intentioned and a function of being sociable and necessary in the pursuit of social order in the healthcare environment. Lying and deceit from a sociological point of view, is a reflection of the different modes of domination that exist within a social space. French philosopher Pierre Bourdieu theorized about the way that symbolic power works within social space. The social structures and the agency of individual actors moving within it are interrelated and interdependent. Bourdieu's ideas will be used to theorize about real clinical experiences where acts of deceit can be identified and a case example will be presented. Nurses are actors in the social space of clinical care, and their world is complex, challenging, and often fraught with the contradictory demands and choices that reflect and influence their behaviours. An exploration of lying and deceit in nursing as an instrument in the modes of domination that persist enables us to challenge some of the assumptions that are made about the motives that cause or tempt nurses to lie as well as to understand the way on which they are sometimes lied to, according to the acts of domination that exist in the field. Lying or acting dishonestly is a powerful act that is intent on retaining stability and social order and could be seen to be a justification of lying and deceit. However, we need to pause and consider, in whose interests are we striving to create social order? Is it in the end about the comfort of patients or for the comfort of professionals?