bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineered chimeric receptors for dissecting interferon signaling
Authors: Lin Aaron E. , Mesev Emily V. , Toettcher Jared E. , Ploss Alexander 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Though interferons (IFNs) were once heralded as panaceas to numerous diseases, how cells decode varying IFN stimuli and subsequently produce (in)appropriate signaling remain unclear. Our labs recently engineered novel erythropoietin receptor-IFN chimeric receptors, and we highlight their utility in two cases uncovering differential genetic determinants of type I (IFN-α/β) and type III (IFN-λ) IFN signaling. These and other types of synthetic (cytokine) receptors could be expanded to real-time signaling dynamics and
in vivo
studies.
Broadening the aims of avian influenza surveillance according to the One Health approach
Authors: Kuiken Thijs 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The ongoing outbreak of the Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (Gs/Gd) H5 lineage of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses has caused higher mortality than all other HPAI outbreaks taken together. It is unique in its spillover and adaptation to wild waterfowl, which has facilitated its spread worldwide to many other species. However, avian influenza virus (AIV) surveillance, which historically aims to protect the poultry sector, is inadequate to document the spread and impact of Gs/Gd H5 virus in wild birds and other wildlife in most countries. A positive exception is Canada’s AIV surveillance in wild birds, applied in a recent study (J. A. Giacinti, A. V. Signore, M. E. B. Jones, L. Bourque, et al., mBio 15:e03203-23, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.03203-23
), which aims to protect wildlife, domestic animals, and human health according to the One Health approach. It is recommended to follow this approach in other countries to fill knowledge gaps in the epidemiology of Gs/Gd H5 virus in wild birds and other wildlife and to help control and, above all, prevent future HPAI outbreaks.
Efficacy of reminiscence therapy with different media on cognitive function and negative moods for older adult patients who had a stroke: protocol of a network meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Qian , Liu Li , Wang Fang , Tan Lixia , Cheng Hong , Hu Xiuying 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionStroke is a common cause of death and disability in the older adult and increases the risk and severity of cognitive impairment, which is a factor for long-term death among stroke survivors. Some studies have focused on the effects of reminiscence therapy with different media on stroke survivors. It is currently unclear which is the best medium. This protocol aims to deal with this problem by using a network meta-analysis.Methods and analysisPublished randomised controlled trials will be included if reminiscence therapy plus usual care was applied in older adult patients who had a stroke in the experimental group and usual care was applied in the control group. Six electronic databases will be searched from their inception to August 2023, including the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline and Embase. The media of reminiscence therapy may include (but not restricted to) old photos, music or movies. Outcomes will be cognitive function and negative moods. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment will be performed independently by two reviewers. The risk of bias (RoB) of the included studies will be evaluated in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration’s RoB tool. The evidence quality will be measured based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. To compare the efficacy of reminiscence therapy with different media, standard pairwise meta-analysis and Bayesian network meta-analysis will be conducted. The probabilities of intervention for all outcomes will be ranked based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for reviewing published studies. The findings will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for review and publication to provide important evidence for clinicians and guideline developers to determine interventions for older adult patients who had a stroke.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023447828.
Implementation of Project ECHO in a university health network: contrasting and comparing experiences across health conditions through a qualitative approach in a Canadian tertiary care centre
Authors: Develay Élise , Wartelle-Bladou Claire , Talbot Annie , Khemiri Rania , Parent Jocelyne , Boulanger Aline , Dubreucq Simon , Pagé M Gabrielle 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to compare and contrast the experiences of interdisciplinary attendees (spokes) and experts (hub members) from three Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) programmes: hepatitis C, chronic pain and concurrent mental health and substance use disorders.DesignProspective qualitative study.SettingSingle-centre in tertiary care.ParticipantsThe team conducted 30 one-on-one interviews with spokes and 4 focus groups with hub members from three ECHO programmes.AnalysesThree analysts were involved to perform a reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsOur results showed the benefits and limitations of the three ECHOs, varying according to specificities of targeted chronic conditions. Three overarching themes were identified from the data analysis: (1) perceived impacts of an interprofessional educational setting; (2) nature of disease and interprofessional interactions as determinants of clinical practice changes in diagnoses and treatments and (3) impacts on patient engagement and care pathways.ConclusionsThe extent to which a chronic disease relies on a biopsychosocial approach, the degree of interdisciplinary care required and the simplicity/complexity of treatment algorithms influence perceived benefits and barriers to participating in ECHO programmes. These points raised by our study are important in the understanding of the successes and limitations of implementing an ECHO programme. They are essential as they provide key information for tailoring Project ECHO to the chronic disease it addresses.
Adapting the WHO hand hygiene ‘reminders in the workplace’ to improve acceptability for healthcare workers in maternity settings worldwide: a mixed methods study
Authors: Dunlop Catherine Louise , Kilpatrick Claire , Jones Laura , Bonet Mercedes , Allegranzi Benedetta , Brizuela Vanessa , Graham Wendy , Thompson Amy , Cheshire James , Lissauer David 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionHand hygiene is key in preventing healthcare-associated infections, but it is challenging in maternity settings due to high patient turnover, frequent emergencies and volume of aseptic procedures. We sought to investigate if adaptions to the WHO hand hygiene reminders could improve their acceptability in maternity settings globally, and use these findings to develop new reminders specific to maternity settings.MethodsInformed by Sekhonet al’s acceptability framework, we conducted an online survey, semi-structured interviews and a focus group examining the three WHO central hand hygiene reminders (‘your five moments of hand hygiene’, ‘how to hand wash’ and ‘how to hand rub’) and their acceptability in maternity settings. A convergent mixed-methods study design was followed. Findings were examined overall and by country income status. A WHO expert working group tested the integrated findings, further refined results and developed recommendations to improve acceptability for use in the global maternity community. Findings were used to inform the development of two novel and acceptable hand hygiene reminders for use in high-income country (HIC) and low- and middle-income country (LMIC) maternity settings.ResultsParticipation in the survey (n=342), semi-structured interviews (n=12) and focus group (n=7) spanned 51 countries (14 HICs and 37 LMICs). The highest scoring acceptability constructs were clarity of the intervention (intervention coherence), confidence in performance (self-efficacy), and alignment with personal values (ethicality). The lowest performing were perceived difficulty (burden) and how the intervention made the participant feel (affective attitude). Overfamiliarity reduced acceptability in HICs (perceived effectiveness). In LMICs, resource availability was a barrier to implementation (opportunity cost). Two new reminders were developed based on the findings, using inclusive female images, and clinical examples from maternity settings.ConclusionFollowing methodologically robust adaptation, two novel and inclusive maternity-specific hand hygiene reminders have been developed for use in both HIC and LMICs.
Prehabilitation for frail patients undergoing hip and knee replacement in the UK: Joint PREP feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Khalid Tanzeela , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Bertram Wendy , Culliford Lucy , Henderson Emily J , Jepson Marcus , Johnson Emma , Mitchell Alex , Palmer Shea , Evans Jonathan Thomas , Whitehouse Michael R , Wylde Vikki 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate a prehabilitation programme for frail patients undergoing total hip replacement (THR) or total knee replacement (TKR).DesignRandomised feasibility study with embedded qualitative work.SettingThree National Health Service hospitals.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥65 years, frail and scheduled for primary THR or TKR.InterventionAppointment with a physiotherapist to individualise a home-based exercise programme. Participants were encouraged to do the home exercises daily for 12 weeks pre-operative and were provided with a daily protein supplement. Participants were supported by six telephone calls over the 12-week intervention period.Outcome measuresEligibility and recruitment rates, intervention adherence, data completion rates of patient-reported outcome measures, retention rates and acceptability of the trial and intervention. Qualitative interviews were conducted with participants and non-participants and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsBetween December 2022 and August 2023, 411 patients were sent a screening pack. Of the 168 patients who returned a screening questionnaire, 79 were eligible and consented to participate, and 64 were randomised. Of the 33 participants randomised to the intervention, 26 attended the intervention appointment. Eighteen participants (69%) received all six intervention follow-up telephone calls. Nineteen participants (73%) completed an intervention adherence log; 13 (68%) adhered to the exercise programme and 11 (58%) adhered to the protein supplementation. The overall retention rate was 86% (55/64 overall) at 12 weeks. The 12-week follow-up questionnaire was returned by 46 of the 55 participants (84%) who were sent a questionnaire. Interviews with 19 patients found that the trial processes and intervention were generally acceptable, but areas of potential improvements were identified.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that a larger study is possible and has identified improvements to optimise the design of an RCT.Trial registration numberISRCTN11121506.
Scientific evidence of acupuncture for post-stroke motor impairment: protocol for an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Yu Pei , Liu Yaning , Wang Haorun , Peng Tangming 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionSeveral systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRs/MAs) of clinical trials showed the efficacy of acupuncture for post-stroke motor impairment. To systematically estimate and synthesise these results, we aimed to conduct an overview of SRs/MAs to summarise the evidence and evaluate the methodological quality regarding the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for post-stroke motor impairment.Methods and analysisThis is a protocol for an overview of SRs/MAs. A literature search will be conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials from the construction of the database to March 2024. SRs/MAs evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture in post-stroke motor impairment patients will be included. Two independent investigators will screen and evaluate related SRs/MAs back-to-back. We will extract data into a predefined form designed to summarise the key characteristics of each study. The evaluation of methodological quality of the included SRs/MAs will be assessed using AMSTAR-2, the PRISMA 2020 checklist and the GRADE grading system.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this overview as we will only analyse published literature. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024502006.
Digital wound monitoring with artificial intelligence to prioritise surgical wounds in cardiac surgery patients for priority or standard review: protocol for a randomised feasibility trial (WISDOM)
Authors: Tanner Judith , Rochon Melissa , Harris Roy , Beckhelling Jacqueline , Jurkiewicz James , Mason Lara , Bouttell Janet , Bolton Sarah , Dummer Jon , Wilson Keith , Dhoonmoon Luxmi , Cariaga Karen 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionDigital surgical wound monitoring for patients at home is becoming an increasingly common method of wound follow-up. This regular monitoring improves patient outcomes by detecting wound complications early and enabling treatment to start before complications worsen. However, reviewing the digital data creates a new and additional workload for staff. The aim of this study is to assess a surgical wound monitoring platform that uses artificial intelligence to assist clinicians to review patients’ wound images by prioritising concerning images for urgent review. This will manage staff time more effectively.Methods and analysisThis is a feasibility study for a new artificial intelligence module with 120 cardiac surgery patients at two centres serving a range of patient ethnicities and urban, rural and coastal locations. Each patient will be randomly allocated using a 1:1 ratio with mixed block sizes to receive the platform with the new detection and prioritising module (for up to 30 days after surgery) plus standard postoperative wound care or standard postoperative wound care only. Assessment is through surveys, interviews, phone calls and platform review at 30 days and through medical notes review and patient phone calls at 60 days. Outcomes will assess safety, acceptability, feasibility and health economic endpoints. The decision to proceed to a definitive trial will be based on prespecified progression criteria.Ethics and disseminationPermission to conduct the study was granted by the North of Scotland Research Ethics Committee 1 (24/NS0005) and the MHRA (CI/2024/0004/GB). The results of this Wound Imaging Software Digital platfOrM (WISDOM) study will be reported in peer-reviewed open-access journals and shared with participants and stakeholders.Trial registration numbersISRCTN16900119andNCT06475703.
Minimal Einstein-Aether theory
Authors: Gürses Metin , Şentürk Çetin , Tekin Bayram 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe show that there is a phenomenologically and theoretically consistent limit of the generic Einstein-Aether theory in which the Einstein-Aether field equations reduce to Einstein field equations with a perfect fluid distribution sourced by the aether field. This limit is obtained by taking three of the coupling constants of the theory to be zero but keeping the expansion coupling constant to be nonzero. We then consider the further reduction of this limited version of Einstein-Aether theory by taking the expansion of the aether field to be constant (possibly zero), and thereby we introduce the Minimal Einstein-Aether theory that supports the Einstein metrics as solutions with a reduced cosmological constant. The square of the expansion of the unit-timelike aether field shifts the bare cosmological constant and thus provides, via local Lorentz symmetry breaking inherent in the Einstein-Aether theories, a novel mechanism for reconciling the observed, small cosmological constant (or dark energy) with the large theoretical prediction coming from quantum field theories. The crucial point here is that minimal Einstein-Aether theory does not modify the well-tested aspects of General Relativity such as solar system tests and black hole physics including gravitational waves.
Malignant Transformation of Normal Oral Tissue to Dysplasia and Early Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An In Silico Transcriptomics Approach
Authors: Jamshidi Shokoofeh , Tavangar Matina , Shojaei Setareh , Taherkhani Amir 
Published: September 2024

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent and aggressive form of head and neck cancer, often diagnosed at advanced stages. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in the malignant transformation from normal oral tissue to oral preinvasive lesions (OPL) and primary OSCC could facilitate early diagnosis and improve therapeutic strategies.Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the GSE30784 dataset by comparing normal oral tissue, oral dysplasia, and primary OSCC samples. Cross‐validation was performed using an independent RNA‐seq dataset, GSE186775. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, gene ontology annotation, and pathway enrichment analysis were conducted on the common DEGs. Hub genes were identified, and their prognostic significance was evaluated using survival analysis. Transcription factor (TF) enrichment analysis, cross‐validation, and immunohistochemistry analyses were also performed.Results: A total of 226 proteins and 677 interactions were identified in the PPI network, with 34 hub genes, including FN1, SERPINE1, PLAUR, THBS1, and ITGA6. Pathways such as “Formation of the cornified envelope,” “Keratinization,” and “Developmental biology” were enriched. Overexpression of SERPINE1, PLAUR, THBS1, and ITGA6 correlated with poor prognosis, while upregulation of CALML5 and SPINK5 was associated with favorable outcomes. NFIB emerged as the most significant TF‐regulating hub genes. Immunohistochemistry validated ITGA6 overexpression in primary OSCC. Cross‐validation using the RNA‐seq dataset supported the involvement of critical genes in the malignant transformation process.Conclusion: This study identified vital genes, pathways, and prognostic markers involved in the malignant transformation from normal oral tissue to OPL and primary OSCC, providing insights for early diagnosis and targeted therapy development. Cross‐validation with an independent RNA‐seq dataset and immunohistochemistry reinforced the findings, supporting the robustness of the identified molecular signatures.
Systolic Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Health, and Neurocognition in Adolescents
Authors: Hooper Stephen R. , Lande Marc B. , Flynn Joseph T. , Hanevold Coral D. , Meyers Kevin E. , Samuels Joshua , Becker Richard C. , Daniels Stephen R. , Falkner Bonita E. , Ferguson Michael A. , Ingelfinger Julie R. , Martin Lisa J. , Mitsnefes Mark , Khoury Phillip , Seo Jangdong , Urbina Elaine M. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
We studied whether increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), as determined by auscultatory SBP, ambulatory SBP, and the number of cardiovascular health risk indicators, are associated with neurocognition in adolescents.

METHODS:
This cross-sectional study included 365 adolescents (mean age, 15.5 years) from 6 academic medical centers in the United States. The sample was 59.5% male, 52.6% White, with 23.9% of the caregivers having less than or equal to a high school degree. Primary exposures included the following: auscultatory SBP, ambulatory SBP, and the number of cardiovascular risk factors. Neurocognitive outcomes comprised nonverbal IQ, attention, and parent ratings of executive functions.

RESULTS:

After examining the models for the effects of targeted covariates (eg, maternal education), higher auscultatory SBP was associated with lower nonverbal IQ (β=−1.39;
P
<0.001) and verbal attention (β=−2.39;
P
<0.05); higher ambulatory 24 hours. SBP (β=−21.39;
P
<0.05) and wake SBP (β=−21.62;
P
<0.05) were related to verbal attention; and all 3 ambulatory blood pressure measures were related to sustained attention accounting for small to medium amounts of variance (adjusted R
2
=0.08–0.09). Higher ambulatory blood pressure sleep SBP also was significantly associated with parent ratings of behavior regulation (β=12.61;
P
<0.05). These associations remained stable after a sensitivity analysis removed cases with hypertension. Number of cardiovascular risk factors performed similarly, with more risk factors being associated with lower nonverbal IQ (β=−1.35;
P
<0.01), verbal attention (β=−1.23;
P
<0.01), and all parent ratings of executive functions.

CONCLUSIONS:
Elevated SBP, even below the hypertension range, and general cardiovascular health are associated with neurocognitive outcomes in adolescents. How these findings might guide clinical care is worthy of additional study.
Polygenic Interactions With Environmental Exposures in Blood Pressure Regulation: The HUNT Study
Authors: Øvretveit Karsten , Ingeström Emma M. L. , Spitieris Michail , Tragante Vinicius , Thomas Laurent F. , Steinsland Ingelin , Brumpton Ben M. , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Holm Hilma , Stefansson Kari , Wisløff Ulrik , Hveem Kristian 
Published: September 2024

Background
The essential hypertension phenotype results from an interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The influence of lifestyle exposures such as excess adiposity, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, diet, and activity patterns on blood pressure (BP) is well established. Additionally, polygenic risk scores for BP traits are associated with clinically significant phenotypic variation. However, interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors in hypertension morbidity and mortality are poorly characterized.

Methods and Results

We used genotype and phenotype data from up to 49 234 participants from the HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) to model gene–environment interactions between genome‐wide polygenic risk scores for systolic BP and diastolic BP and 125 environmental exposures. Among the 125 environmental exposures assessed, 108 and 100 were independently associated with SBP and DBP, respectively. Of these, 12 interactions were identified for genome‐wide PRSs for systolic BP and 4 for genome‐wide polygenic risk scores for diastolic BP, 2 of which were overlapping (
P
< 2 × 10
−4
). We found evidence for gene‐dependent influence of lifestyle factors such as cardiorespiratory fitness, dietary patterns, and tobacco exposure, as well as biomarkers such as serum cholesterol, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase on BP.

Conclusions
Individuals that are genetically susceptible to high BP may be more vulnerable to common acquired risk factors for hypertension, but these effects appear to be modifiable. The gene‐dependent influence of several common acquired risk factors indicates the potential of genetic data combined with lifestyle assessments in risk stratification, and gene–environment‐informed risk modeling in the prevention and management of hypertension.