bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using 3D printing techniques to create an anthropomorphic thorax phantom for medical imaging purposes
Authors: Hazelaar Colien , van Eijnatten Maureen , Dahele Max , Wolff Jan , Forouzanfar Tymour , Slotman Ben , Verbakel Wilko F.A.R. 
Published: November 2017

PurposeImaging phantoms are widely used for testing and optimization of imaging devices without the need to expose humans to irradiation. However, commercially available phantoms are commonly manufactured in simple, generic forms and sizes and therefore do not resemble the clinical situation for many patients.MethodsUsing 3D printing techniques, we created a life‐size phantom based on a clinical CT scan of the thorax from a patient with lung cancer. It was assembled from bony structures printed in gypsum, lung structures consisting of airways, blood vessels >1 mm, and outer lung surface, three lung tumors printed in nylon, and soft tissues represented by silicone (poured into a 3D‐printed mold).ResultsKilovoltage x‐ray and CT images of the phantom closely resemble those of the real patient in terms of size, shapes, and structures. Surface comparison using 3D models obtained from the phantom and the 3D models used for printing showed mean differences <1 mm for all structures. Tensile tests of the materials used for the phantom show that the phantom is able to endure radiation doses over 24,000 Gy.ConclusionsIt is feasible to create an anthropomorphic thorax phantom using 3D printing and molding techniques. The phantom closely resembles a real patient in terms of spatial accuracy and is currently being used to evaluate x‐ray‐based imaging quality and positional verification techniques for radiotherapy.
A 1‐minute full brain MR exam using a multicontrast EPI sequence
Authors: Skare Stefan , Sprenger Tim , Norbeck Ola , Rydén Henric , Blomberg Lars , Avventi Enrico , Engström Mathias 
Published: November 2017

PurposeA new multicontrast echo‐planar imaging (EPI)‐based sequence is proposed for brain MRI, which can directly generate six MR contrasts (T1‐FLAIR, T2‐w, diffusion‐weighted (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC),
‐w, T2‐FLAIR) in 1 min with full brain coverage. This could enable clinical MR clinical screening in similar time as a conventional CT exam but with more soft‐tissue information.MethodsEleven sequence modules were created as dynamic building blocks for the sequence. Two EPI readout modules were reused throughout the sequence and were prepended by other modules to form the desired MR contrasts. Two scan protocols were optimized with scan times of 55–75 s. Motion experiments were carried out on two volunteers to investigate the robustness against head motion. Scans on patients were carried out and compared to conventional clinical images.ResultsThe pulse sequence is found to be robust against motion given its single‐shot nature of each contrast. For excessive out‐of‐plane head motion, the T1‐FLAIR and T2‐FLAIR contrasts suffer from incomplete inversion. Despite lower signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and resolution, the 1‐min multicontrast EPI data show promising correspondence with conventional diagnostic scans on patients.ConclusionA 1 min multicontrast brain MRI scan based on EPI readouts has been presented in this feasibility study. Preliminary data show potential for clinical brain MRI use with minimal bore time for the patient. Such short examination time could be useful (e.g., for screening and acute stroke). The sequence may also help planning conventional brain MRI scans if run at the beginning of an examination. Magn Reson Med 79:3045–3054, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Metall‐N‐C‐Katalysatoren in der Elektrokatalyse
Authors: Kramm Ulrike I. , Shahraei Ali , Martinaiou Ioanna 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBereits seit einigen Jahren gelten Metall‐N‐C‐Katalysatoren als vielversprechendste Alternative zu Pt/C, um Sauerstoff in Brennstoffzellen zu reduzieren. Diese Katalysatoren eignen sich jedoch auch für viele andere elektrokatalytische Prozesse wie die Wasserstoffentwicklung oder die CO2‐Reduktion.
Schneller und weniger aufwendig begutachten
Authors: Höfler Denis , List Benjamin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDas Peer‐Review‐Verfahren ist derzeit der Goldstandard, wenn es darum geht, die Qualität von Publikationen einzuschätzen. Dieser Prozess braucht aber viel Zeit und kostet Mühe. Eine Alternative könnte intelligentes Crowd‐Reviewing sein, bei dem eine große Gruppe Wissenschaftler gemeinsam und anonym ein Paper begutachtet.
Virtuelle Geräte fördern die Vorstellungskraft
Authors: Andyan Tresna I Putu Bagus , Bott Mario , Daxer Marc Andre 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBeim Planen und Erweitern von Labors passieren schnell Fehler, die im Nachgang nur schwierig zu beheben sind. Die Software Labplanner soll helfen, solche Fehler zu vermeiden. Dazu projiziert eine App die neue Infrastruktur direkt in die bestehende Umgebung, sodass Nutzer sie über eine Datenbrille im Vorfeld ansehen können.
Timing of Maternal Depression and Sex‐Specific Child Growth, the Upstate KIDS Study
Authors: Park Hyojun , Sundaram Rajeshwari , Gilman Stephen E. , Bell Griffith , Louis Germaine M. Buck , Yeung Edwina H. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveEquivocal findings have been reported on the association between maternal depression and children's growth, possibly because of the limited attention to its disproportionate impact by child sex. The relationship between the timing of maternal depression and children's growth was assessed in a population‐based prospective birth cohort, with particular attention to sex differences.MethodsThe Upstate KIDS Study comprised 4,394 children followed through 3 years of age from 2008 to 2010. Maternal depression was measured antenatally by linkage with hospital discharge records before delivery and postnatally by depressive symptoms reported from questionnaires. Children's growth was measured by sex‐ and age‐specific weight, height, weight for height, and BMI. Adjusted linear mixed effects models were used to estimate growth outcomes for the full sample and separately by plurality and sex.ResultsAntenatal depression was associated with lower weight for age (−0.24 z score units; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.43, −0.05) and height for age (−0.26 z score units; 95% CI: −0.51, −0.02) among singleton boys. Postnatal depressive symptoms were associated with higher weight for height (0.21 z score units; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.42) among singleton girls.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that antenatal depression was associated with lower weight and smaller height only for boys, whereas postnatal depressive symptoms were associated with higher weight for height only for girls. The timing of depression and the mechanisms of sex‐specific responses require further examination.
A pediatric brain tumor consortium phase II trial of capecitabine rapidly disintegrating tablets with concomitant radiation therapy in children with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas
Authors: Kilburn Lindsay B. , Kocak Mehmet , Baxter Patricia , Poussaint Tina Young , Paulino Arnold C. , McIntyre Christine , Lemenuel‐Diot Annabelle , Lopez‐Diaz Christine , Kun Larry , Chintagumpala Murali , Su Jack M. , Broniscer Alberto , Baker Justin N. , Hwang Eugene I. , Fouladi Maryam , Boyett James M. , Blaney Susan M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a phase II study of oral capecitabine rapidly disintegrating tablets given concurrently with radiation therapy (RT) to assess progression‐free survival (PFS) in children with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG).Patients and methodsChildren 3–17 years with newly diagnosed DIPG were eligible. Capecitabine, 650 mg/m2/dose BID (maximum tolerated dose [MTD] in children with concurrent radiation), was administered for 9 weeks starting the first day of RT. Following a 2‐week break, three courses of capecitabine, 1,250 mg/m2/dose BID for 14 days followed by a 7‐day rest, were administered. As prospectively designed, 10 evaluable patients treated at the MTD on the phase I trial were included in the phase II analyses. The design was based on comparison of the PFS distribution to a contemporary historical control (n = 140) with 90% power to detect a 15% absolute improvement in the 1‐year PFS with a type‐1 error rate, α = 0.10.ResultsForty‐four patients were evaluable for the phase II objectives. Capecitabine and RT was well tolerated with low‐grade palmar plantar erythrodyesthesia, increased alanine aminotransferase, cytopenias, and vomiting the most commonly reported toxicities. Findings were significant for earlier progression with 1‐year PFS of 7.21% (SE = 3.47%) in the capecitabine‐treated cohort versus 15.59% (SE = 3.05%) in the historical control (P = 0.007), but there was no difference for overall survival (OS) distributions (P = 0.30). Tumor enhancement at diagnosis was associated with shorter PFS and OS. Capecitabine was rapidly absorbed and converted to its metabolites.ConclusionCapecitabine did not improve the outcome for children with newly diagnosed DIPG.
Cover Image, Volume 73, Issue 12
Authors: Qin Jiang‐Lin , Yang Xiu‐Hao , Yang Zhong‐Wu , Luo Ji‐Tong , Lei Xiu‐Feng 
Published: November 2017

The cover image, by Jiang‐Lin Qin et al., is based on the Research Article New Technology of Using Meteorological Information in Forest Insect Pest Forecast and Warning Systems, DOI: 10.1002/ps.4647. The insect is Loepa oberthuri (Leech, 1890).
image
Osteogenic Programming of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Highly Efficient Intracellular Delivery of RUNX2
Authors: Thiagarajan Lalitha , Abu-Awwad Hosam Al-Deen M. , Dixon James E. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being exploited in regenerative medicine due to their tri-lineage differentiation and immunomodulation activity. Currently, there are two major challenges when directing the differentiation of MSCs for therapeutic applications. First, chemical and growth factor strategies to direct osteogenesis in vivo lack specificity for targeted delivery with desired effects. Second, MSC differentiation by gene therapy is difficult as transfection with existing approaches is clinically impractical (viral transfection) or have low efficacy (lipid-mediated transfection). These challenges can be avoided by directly delivering nonvirally derived recombinant protein transcription factors with the glycosaminoglycan-binding enhanced transduction (GET) delivery system (P21 and 8R peptides). We used the osteogenic master regulator, RUNX2 as a programming factor due to its stage-specific role in osteochondral differentiation pathways. Herein, we engineered GET-fusion proteins and compared sequential osteogenic changes in MSCs, induced by exposure to GET fusion proteins or conventional stimulation methods (dexamethasone and Bone morphogenetic protein 2). By assessing loss of stem cell-surface markers, upregulation of osteogenic genes and matrix mineralization, we demonstrate that GET-RUNX2 efficiently transduces MSCs and triggers osteogenesis by enhancing target gene expression directly. The high transduction efficiency of GET system holds great promise for stem cell therapies by allowing reproducible transcriptional control in stem cells, potentially bypassing problems observed with high-concentration growth-factor or pleiotropic steroid therapies.
What are definitions of life good for? Transdisciplinary and other definitions in astrobiology
Authors: Knuuttila Tarja , Loettgers Andrea 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe attempt to define life has gained new momentum in the wake of novel fields such as synthetic biology, astrobiology, and artificial life. In a series of articles, Cleland, Chyba, and Machery claim that definitions of life seek to provide necessary and sufficient conditions for applying the concept of life—something that such definitions cannot, and should not do. We argue that this criticism is largely unwarranted. Cleland, Chyba, and Machery approach definitions of life as classifying devices, thereby neglecting their other epistemic roles. We identify within the discussions of the nature and origin of life three other types of definitions: theoretical, transdisciplinary, and diagnostic definitions. The primary aim of these definitions is not to distinguish life from nonlife, although they can also be used for classificatory purposes. We focus on the definitions of life within the budding field of astrobiology, paying particular attention to transdisciplinary definitions, and diagnostic definitions in the search for biosignatures from other planets.
Cortical microstructural changes along the Alzheimer's disease continuum
Authors: Montal Victor , Vilaplana Eduard , Alcolea Daniel , Pegueroles Jordi , Pasternak Ofer , González‐Ortiz Sofia , Clarimón Jordi , Carmona‐Iragui María , Illán‐Gala Ignacio , Morenas‐Rodríguez Estrella , Ribosa‐Nogué Roser , Sala Isabel , Sánchez‐Saudinós María‐Belén , García‐Sebastian Maite , Villanúa Jorge , Izagirre Andrea , Estanga Ainara , Ecay‐Torres Mirian , Iriondo Ane , Clerigue Montserrat , Tainta Mikel , Pozueta Ana , González Andrea , Martínez‐Heras Eloy , Llufriu Sara , Blesa Rafael , Sanchez‐Juan Pascual , Martínez‐Lage Pablo , Lleó Alberto , Fortea Juan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionCortical mean diffusivity (MD) and free water fraction (FW) changes are proposed biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsWe included healthy control subjects (N = 254), mild cognitive impairment (N = 41), and AD dementia (N = 31) patients. Participants underwent a lumbar puncture and a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging. Healthy control subjects were classified following National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer's Association stages (stage 0, N = 220; stage 1, N = 25; and stage 2/3, N = 9). We assessed the cortical MD, cortical FW, and cortical thickness (CTh) changes along the AD continuum.ResultsMicrostructural and macrostructural changes show a biphasic trajectory. Stage 1 subjects showed increased CTh and decreased MD and FW with respect the stage 0 subjects. Stage 2/3 subjects showed decreased CTh and increased cortical MD and FW, changes that were more widespread in symptomatic stages.DiscussionThese results support a biphasic model of changes in AD, which could affect the selection of patients for clinical trials and the use of magnetic resonance imaging as a surrogate marker of disease modification.
Evaluation of tensile strength of tissue adhesives made of fibrin and cyanoacrylate used as reinforcement of colon suture in “ex vivo” swine
Authors: Sousa Alexandre Venâncio de , Carvalho Marcus Vinicius Henrique de , Paula Roberto Anania de , Marchi Evaldo , Teixeira Juliana Querino 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Aim To evaluate rupture pressures of tissue adhesives of cyanoacrylate (Omnex®) and fibrin (Evicel®), used as reinforcement in colonic suture from “ex vivo” swine.
Methods Surgical procedures were performed in the Surgical Technique Laboratory. From a division in segments of 10 cm of descending colon and sigmoid colon from three “ex vivo” female swine, Landrace breed, which were resected in less than six hours after the slaughter time, 30 segments were selected, 10 of each animal. They were stored in saline solution 0.9% at 36 °C, being randomly allocated in three groups (Control, Evicel and Omnex), each one containing 10 segments.
Results The lower and higher pressure values found in the groups Control, Evicel and Omnex were 36 mmHg and 41 mmHg, 70 mmHg and 90 mmHg, 90 mmHg and 120 mmHg, respectively. Containing statistical significance (p-value <0.0001) concerning the 2 to 2 comparisons (Control, Evicel and Omnex) with 95% trusting rate based on the application of the Turkey Method.
Conclusion One concludes that the use of tissue adhesives in anastomoses colonic in an experimental animal model of “ex vivo” swine increased the anastomoses rupture pressures. Among the tested adhesives, cyanoacrylate presented higher rupture pressure in relation to fibrin adhesive.
Pelagic barite precipitation at micromolar ambient sulfate
Authors: Horner Tristan J. , Pryer Helena V. , Nielsen Sune G. , Crockford Peter W. , Gauglitz Julia M. , Wing Boswell A. , Ricketts Richard D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGeochemical analyses of sedimentary barites (barium sulfates) in the geological record have yielded fundamental insights into the chemistry of the Archean environment and evolutionary origin of microbial metabolisms. However, the question of how barites were able to precipitate from a contemporary ocean that contained only trace amounts of sulfate remains controversial. Here we report dissolved and particulate multi-element and barium-isotopic data from Lake Superior that evidence pelagic barite precipitation at micromolar ambient sulfate. These pelagic barites likely precipitate within particle-associated microenvironments supplied with additional barium and sulfate ions derived from heterotrophic remineralization of organic matter. If active during the Archean, pelagic precipitation and subsequent sedimentation may account for the genesis of enigmatic barite deposits. Indeed, barium-isotopic analyses of barites from the Paleoarchean Dresser Formation are consistent with a pelagic mechanism of precipitation, which altogether offers a new paradigm for interpreting the temporal occurrence of barites in the geological record.
A method for measuring the distribution of the shortest telomeres in cells and tissues
Authors: Lai Tsung-Po , Zhang Ning , Noh Jungsik , Mender Ilgen , Tedone Enzo , Huang Ejun , Wright Woodring E. , Danuser Gaudenz , Shay Jerry W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractImproved methods to measure the shortest (not just average) telomere lengths (TLs) are needed. We developed Telomere Shortest Length Assay (TeSLA), a technique that detects telomeres from all chromosome ends from <1 kb to 18 kb using small amounts of input DNA. TeSLA improves the specificity and efficiency of TL measurements that is facilitated by user friendly image-processing software to automatically detect and annotate band sizes, calculate average TL, as well as the percent of the shortest telomeres. Compared with other TL measurement methods, TeSLA provides more information about the shortest telomeres. The length of telomeres was measured longitudinally in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during human aging, in tissues during colon cancer progression, in telomere-related diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, as well as in mice and other organisms. The results indicate that TeSLA is a robust method that provides a better understanding of the shortest length of telomeres.
Magnetic actuation and feedback cooling of a cavity optomechanical torque sensor
Authors: Kim P. H. , Hauer B. D. , Clark T. J. , Fani Sani F. , Freeman M. R. , Davis J. P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCavity optomechanics has demonstrated remarkable capabilities, such as measurement and control of mechanical motion at the quantum level. Yet many compelling applications of optomechanics—such as microwave-to-telecom wavelength conversion, quantum memories, materials studies, and sensing applications—require hybrid devices, where the optomechanical system is coupled to a separate, typically condensed matter, system. Here, we demonstrate such a hybrid optomechanical system, in which a mesoscopic ferromagnetic needle is integrated with an optomechanical torsional resonator. Using this system we quantitatively extract the magnetization of the needle, not known a priori, demonstrating the potential of this system for studies of nanomagnetism. Furthermore, we show that we can magnetically dampen its torsional mode from room-temperature to 11.6 K—improving its mechanical response time without sacrificing torque sensitivity. Future extensions will enable studies of high-frequency spin dynamics and broadband wavelength conversion via torque mixing.
Planar Hall effect from the surface of topological insulators
Authors: Taskin A. A. , Legg Henry F. , Yang Fan , Sasaki Satoshi , Kanai Yasushi , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Rosch Achim , Ando Yoichi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA prominent feature of topological insulators (TIs) is the surface states comprising of spin-nondegenerate massless Dirac fermions. Recent technical advances have made it possible to address the surface transport properties of TI thin films by tuning the Fermi levels of both top and bottom surfaces. Here we report our discovery of a novel planar Hall effect (PHE) from the TI surface, which results from a hitherto-unknown resistivity anisotropy induced by an in-plane magnetic field. This effect is observed in dual-gated devices of bulk-insulating Bi2−x
Sb
x
Te3 thin films, where the field-induced anisotropy presents a strong dependence on the gate voltage with a characteristic two-peak structure near the Dirac point. The origin of PHE is the peculiar time-reversal-breaking effect of an in-plane magnetic field, which anisotropically lifts the protection of surface Dirac fermions from backscattering. The observed PHE provides a useful tool to analyze and manipulate the topological protection of the TI surface.
The full magnon spectrum of yttrium iron garnet
Authors: Princep Andrew J. , Ewings Russell A. , Ward Simon , Tóth Sandor , Dubs Carsten , Prabhakaran Dharmalingam , Boothroyd Andrew T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe magnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet can be grown with exceptional quality, has a ferrimagnetic transition temperature of nearly 600 K, and is used in microwave and spintronic devices that can operate at room temperature. The most accurate prior measurements of the magnon spectrum date back nearly 40 years, but cover only 3 of the lowest energy modes out of 20 distinct magnon branches. Here we have used time-of-flight inelastic neutron scattering to measure the full magnon spectrum throughout the Brillouin zone. We find that the existing models of the excitation spectrum fail to describe the optical magnon modes. Using a very general spin Hamiltonian, we show that the magnetic interactions are both longer-ranged and more complex than was previously understood. The results provide the basis for accurate microscopic models of the finite temperature magnetic properties of yttrium iron garnet, necessary for next-generation electronic devices.
Circulating MicroRNA-92b-3p as a Novel Biomarker for Monitoring of Synovial Sarcoma
Authors: Uotani Koji , Fujiwara Tomohiro , Yoshida Aki , Iwata Shintaro , Morita Takuya , Kiyono Masahiro , Yokoo Suguru , Kunisada Toshiyuki , Takeda Ken , Hasei Joe , Numoto Kunihiko , Nezu Yutaka , Yonemoto Tsukasa , Ishii Takeshi , Kawai Akira , Ochiya Takahiro , Ozaki Toshifumi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe lack of useful biomarkers is a crucial problem for patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). Emerging evidence has suggested that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in body fluids have novel impact as biomarkers for patients with malignant diseases, but their significance in synovial sarcoma (SS) patients remains unknown. Initial global miRNA screening using SS patient serum and SS cell culture media identified a signature of four upregulated miRNAs. Among these candidates, miR-92b-3p secretion from SS cells was confirmed, which was embedded within tumour-derived exosomes rather than argonaute-2. Animal experiments revealed a close correlation between serum miR-92b-3p levels and tumour dynamics. Clinical relevance was validated in two independent clinical cohorts, and we subsequently identified that serum miR-92b-3p levels were significantly higher in SS patients in comparison to that in healthy individuals. Moreover, serum miR-92b-3p was robust in discriminating patients with SS from the other STS patients and reflected tumour burden in SS patients. Overall, liquid biopsy using serum miR-92b-3p expression levels may represent a novel approach for monitoring tumour dynamics of SS.