bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the effects of suture patterns on mechanical strength of intestinal anastomosis: an experimental study
Authors: Khoorjestan Sanaz Mosafer , Rouhi Gholamreza , Toolabi Karamollah 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHow the distance of sutures from the edge of tissue and the horizontal distance between stitches affect the mechanical strength of anastomosis is investigated. In this study, 180 bovine intestines were used to investigate the optimum pattern in 18 groups by considering a 4, 6, and 8 mm horizontal distance between stitches, and a 3, 5, and 7 mm distance from the edge of tissue with 3-0 Silk and 3-0 PDS sutures to maximize the strength of anastomosis (10 specimens in each group). Also, 80 specimens were used to investigate the maximum effective distance of sutures from the edge of tissue in eight groups of: 3, 5, 7, and 10 mm distance from the edge, with the same type of sutures. Tensile tests with an elongation rate of 5 mm/min were performed for all the groups. Based on the results, the pattern of 7-6 (distance from the edge-distance between stitches) for both 3-0 Silk and 3-0 PDS, 5-6 and 7-4 for 3-0 Silk, and 5-6 and 7-4 for 3-0 PDS can be considered as the best options among 18 different combinations. It was also found that increasing the distance from the edge from 7 mm to 10 mm does not cause a significant difference in mechanical strength. Results can help surgeons to improve the intestinal anastomosis and employ it as an input for automatic suturing devices.
Cryptic diversity of the mangrove-associated alga Bostrychia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from Thailand
Authors: Saengkaew Jantana , Muangmai Narongrit , Zuccarello Giuseppe C. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Algal diversity has been extensively investigated using combinations of morphological and molecular approaches. These combined approaches are especially relevant for organisms where cryptic species are known to exist. Bostrychia is a widely distributed red alga commonly associated with mangroves and often exhibits cryptic diversity. Most previous studies of diversity of Bostrychia in Thailand were based solely on morphological identifications. Distribution based on morphospecies may not reveal the same phylogeographic patterns that are identifiable with genetic data. In the present study, we employed RuBisCo spacer sequences to observe patterns of genetic diversity of Bostrychia species along the coasts of the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) and Gulf of Thailand (Pacific Ocean) in Thailand. Our results show that, of the eight morphospecies of Bostrychia recognized on both coasts of Thailand, four (B. binderi, B. calliptera, B. tenella and B. moritziana) consist of multiple cryptic species. We found different distribution patterns for two cryptic species of B. binderi, one restricted to the Gulf of Thailand and the other to the Andaman Sea. Several new haplotypes were discovered for B. binderi, B. tenella and the B. moritziana/B. radicans species complex, which are mostly distributed along separate coasts of Thailand. Only through the use of molecular data were we able to determine differences in the distribution of cryptic Bostrychia species along the two coasts. These results highlight the importance of molecular data for red algal species distribution studies and also reinforce the differences between the two sides of the Thai-Malay peninsula.
Acquisition of English reflexive verb constructions: roles of syntactical indeterminacy and token frequency
Authors: Chengping Xu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study draws on usage-based approach to language learning and investigates the role of syntactical indeterminacy and token frequency in constructional acquisition, for which reflexive verb constructions were selected as the testing field. Syntactic structures of reflexive verbs are either by reflexive constructions or adjectival passive, which have a polysemous interrelationship within the verb. To examine whether syntactic indeterminacy and token frequency play a role in the acquisition of reflexive verb constructions, a test of reflexive verb constructions and a baseline test formed with transitive verbs were developed and administered to L2 learners of an intermediate proficiency level. The findings show: (1) L2 reflexive verb constructions were less acquired than transitive constructions, suggesting that syntactic indeterminacy had an impact upon sentence production; (2) no significant difference was found between the productions of reflexive constructions and adjectival passives, but descriptive statistics showed that learners were attracted to the adjectival passive for production; (3) production of both syntactic structures reflected token frequency trend from COCA, indicating the important role of frequency in complex constructional acquisition.
A comparison of the L2 motivational self system between Chinese EFL and ESL learners
Authors: Jianying Zhang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis present study attempts to conduct a comparison of the tripartite model of L2 Motivational Self System in two different learning contexts, Chinese EFL and ESL learning settings. It was designed using a mixed methods approach, with a primary questionnaire instrument being supported by secondary interview data. The quantitative data was submitted to Amos version 18.0 to evaluate proposed models. It was found that L2 learning experience was the most important predictive dimension of intended learning effort for both samples. However, the roles of the other two components, the ideal L2 self and the ought-to L2 self, appeared to be unstable, which concludes that Dörnyei’s tripartite model obtained partial support in both EFL and ESL contexts. The analysis of qualitative data offers strong evidence for the claim that the future self-guides do not necessarily result in intended effort unless some essential conditions are met.
Finite Difference Approximation of Fractional Wave Equation with Concentrated Capacity
Authors: Delić Aleksandra , Jovanović Boško S. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We consider the time fractional wave equation with coefficient which contains
the Dirac delta distribution. The existence of generalized solutions of this initial-boundary value problem is proved. An implicit finite difference scheme approximating the problem is developed and its stability is proved. Estimates for the rate of convergence in special discrete energetic Sobolev norms are obtained. A numerical example confirms the theoretical results.
The regional differentiation of the demographic movements in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Madjevikj Mirjanka , Toshevska Biljana Apostolovska , Gorin Svemir , Ljakoska Marija 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The Republic of Macedonia covers an area of 25,713 km² and according to data from the census conducted in 2002, it has a population of 2,022,547 inhabitants. In the past, the Republic of Macedonia was characterized by some significant demographic changes, including a decline in the average annual rate of population increase. The enhanced immigration movements and sudden decline in the rates of natural population increase have led to changes in distribution of the population and to a spatial differentiation in the population. The long period of transition in the country has been reflected in the spatial development of the country and its demographic processes and to relocation of the population. The different natural-geographical characteristics, unequal regional development potentials, unequal economic development, and demographic characteristics have led to changes in the demographic situation of certain regions. The regions that continually lose part of its population clearly differ from these regions that are characterized by an increased population which is leading to a greater concentration of people in certain location. Further decades with a declining birth rate, followed by a change in the values of population increase, together with migration movements, particularly from the rural and less developed economic regions, has resulted in a decline in the population. The different zones of depopulation and concentration in a simple way express the complex relationships in the population composition.
Enigmatic glacigenic ridges from the Odra Glaciation in the vicinity of Krzepice (Woźniki-Wieluń Upland, Poland)
Authors: Waga Jan Maciej , Fajer Maria 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The central part of the Woźniki-Wieluń Upland is characterised by mature old glacial landforms associated with the Middle- Polish Glaciations. In some areas, however, more pronounced post-glacial landforms can be observed that were remodelled by later morphogenetic processes to a lesser extent. To the south-east of Krzepice, in the vicinity of Dolisko, there is an extensive depression in which twelve parallel ridges can be found. In terms of their morphology and location as well as due to their relationship to the surrounding landforms, the ridges examined resemble forms that would be referred to as drumlins, glaciotectonic forms or glacial curvilineations in late glacial areas. The material presented is the result of the initial research stage. The studies conducted in this stage involved primarily geomorphological mapping supplemented by an analysis of landforms on a shaded relief model and on an orthophotomap. At the current stage of studies on the glacigenic landforms in the vicinity of Dolisko, three scenarios concerning their origins have been put forward that need to be verified. The first scenario involves glaciotectonic origins, the second assumes that they were formed in the same manner as classic drumlins, fluted moraines or longitudinal squeeze ridges, and the third scenario assumes that they have the same origins as glacial curvilineations. The group of glacigenic ridges discussed is a glacial landform unique in southern Poland.
Among Birds and Net(Work)S: Material and Social Practices in the Trajectory of Ornithologist Emilie Snethlage (1868–1929)
Authors: Junghans Miriam 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In the course of her career, German ornithologist Emilie Snethlage (1868-1929), who worked in Brazil in the early twentieth century, was involved in all the steps that characterize the “production” of a specimen for scientific collection: from fieldwork, with the collection and preparation of materials, to their description and publication of results. Each of these stages mobilizes different material practices and sociability networks. During fieldwork or in her museum activities, the fact of being a woman demanded from Snethlage specific strategies for establishing her scientific legitimacy, analyzed in this article, especially her activities related to collecting practices.
Maria Corinta Ferreira (1922–2003?), “Naturalist at the Museu Dr. Álvaro De Castro, Lourenço Marques [Now Maputo], Mozambique,” 1949–1974
Authors: Antunes Luis Pequito 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In 1940, the naturalist Maria Corinta Ferreira decided to leave the zoology research centre of the board for colonial research (Junta de Investigaçoes Coloniais-JIC), where she felt gender discriminated as a scientist, and compete for the position of naturalist at the Museum Dr. Álvaro de Castro Museum (MAC) located in Lourenço Marques (now Maputo), Mozambique. By benefitting from the knowledge and the entomological collections of museums and scientific institutes in South Africa, for 25 years (1949-1974) she built up a scientific career as a researcher in entomology and achieved international recognition. As a woman, however, she never reached the upper positions in MAC’s hierarchy or in the Scientific Research Institute of Mozambique (IICM), the pretext being her formal academic credentials, notably the fact that she was given the title of Doctor on the basis of her published research, rather than upon completing a PhD.
The effect of different decline angles on the biomechanics of double limb squats and the implications to clinical and training practice
Authors: Richards Jim , Selfe James , Sinclair Jonathan , May Karen , Thomas Gavin 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Bilateral decline squatting has been well documented as a rehabilitation exercise, however, little information exists on the optimum angle of decline. The aim of this study was to determine the ankle and knee angle, moments, the patellofemoral joint load, patellar tendon load and associated muscle activity while performing a double limb squat at different decline angles and the implications to rehabilitation. Eighteen healthy subjects performed double limb squats at 6 angles of declination: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 degrees. The range of motion of the knee and ankle joints, external moments, the patellofemoral/patellar tendon load and integrated EMG of gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, rectus femoris and biceps femoris were evaluated. As the decline angle increased up to 20 degrees, the range of motion possible at the ankle and knee increased. The joint moments showed a decrease at the ankle up to 15 degrees and an increase at the knee up to 25 degrees, indicating a progressive reduction in loading around the ankle with a corresponding increase of the load in the patellar tendon and patellofemoral joint. These trends were supported by a decrease in tibialis anterior activity and an increase in the rectus femoris activity up to 15 degrees declination. However, gastrocnemius and biceps femoris activity increased as the decline angle increased above 15 degrees. The action of gastrocnemius and biceps femoris stabilises the knee against an anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia. These findings would suggest that there is little benefit in using a decline angle greater than 15-20 degrees unless the purpose is to offer an additional stability challenge to the knee joint.
Transfer of mechanical energy during the shot put
Authors: Błażkiewicz Michalina , Łysoń Barbara , Chmielewski Adam , Wit Andrzej 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse transfer of mechanical energy between body segments during the glide shot put. A group of eight elite throwers from the Polish National Team was analysed in the study. Motion analysis of each throw was recorded using an optoelectronic Vicon system composed of nine infrared camcorders and Kistler force plates. The power and energy were computed for the phase of final acceleration of the glide shot put. The data were normalized with respect to time using the algorithm of the fifth order spline and their values were interpolated with respect to the percentage of total time, assuming that the time of the final weight acceleration movement was different for each putter. Statistically significant transfer was found in the study group between the following segments: Right Knee – Right Hip (p = 0.0035), Left Hip - Torso (p = 0.0201), Torso – Right Shoulder (p = 0.0122) and Right Elbow – Right Wrist (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, the results of cluster analysis showed that the kinetic chain used during the final shot acceleration movement had two different models. Differences between the groups were revealed mainly in the energy generated by the hips and trunk.
Examination of YouTube videos related to synthetic cannabinoids
Authors: Fullwood M. Dottington , Kecojevic Aleksandar , Basch Corey H. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The popularity of synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) is increasing the chance for adverse health issues in the United States. Moreover, social media platforms such as YouTube that provided a platform for user-generated content can convey misinformation or glorify use of SCBs. The aim of this study was to fill this gap by describing the content of the most popular YouTube videos containing content related to the SCBs. Videos with at least 1000 or more views found under the search terms “K2” and “spice” included in the analysis. The collective number of views was over 7.5 million. Nearly half of videos were consumer produced (n=42). The most common content in the videos was description of K2 (n=69), followed by mentioning dangers of using K2 (n=47), mentioning side effects (n=38) and showing a person using K2 (n=37). One-third of videos (n=34) promoted use of K2, while 22 videos mentioned risk of dying as a consequence of using K2. YouTube could be used as a surveillance tool to combat this epidemic, but instead, the most widely videos related to SCBs are uploaded by consumers. The content of these consumer videos on YouTube often provide the viewer with access to view a wide array of uploaders describing, encouraging, participating and promoting use.
Research on the relationship between articulation levels and social skills of Turkish children between the ages of 4 and 5 years
Authors: Gumus Nebi Mustafa , Eryilmaz Sevil , Ünsal Selim , Yildirim Ali , Yuksel Sevda , Yuksel Mustafa , Gunduz Mehmet 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjective:This study aims to investigate whether there is a relationship between articulation levels and social skills of normally developing children at the ages of 4 and 5 years and to determine whether articulation levels and social skills are differentiated with regard to variable factors.Methods:A relational screening model was used in this study. Eighty-seven boys and 73 girls (160 children in total) who were educated at four preschools were selected according to simple random sampling in Kütahya province, Turkey. The mean age of the children was 4.6 years. The Ankara Articulation Test (AAT) was used to specify the articulation levels of children and the Preschool Social Skills Rating Scale [PSSRS, Okul Öncesi Sosyal Beceri Değerlendirme Ölçeği (OSBED)] was used to evaluate the social skills of the children.Findings:The results of the study revealed that the articulation mistakes decrease and social skills increase as the age of children rises. It was found that girls had better results in both social skills and articulation levels than boys. Analysis of the socio-economic statuses of the children showed no significant differences between articulation levels and social skills. Correlation analysis showed that children with articulation disorders have lower social skills rankings than children without articulation disorders, and speech is one of the factors that affect social skills ranking.Results:This study is important because of its observations about speech, communication, and social skills in children, as well as for raising awareness among parents and teachers of preschool children.
Book Review Essay
Authors: Barnett Larry D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Essay reviews a book on law-pertinent empirical research methods and data, but is mainly devoted to placing the subject of the book in context. The Essay thus (i) supplies a quantitative measure of the progress of the social sciences since the start of the twentieth century; and (ii) reports a regression analysis of data to identify variables that account for the frequency with which articles in general-purpose U.S. law reviews have relied on quantitative evidence. The Essay also considers the incorporation of empirical social science into law schools.
Input and Output Normal Forms for Model Order Reduction of Linear Systems
Authors: Perev Kamen 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This paper considers the problem of model order reduction by transforming the system into input and output normal forms. The reachability gramian in the input normal form is the identity matrix and the observability gramian is a diagonal matrix. Conversely, the observability gramian in the output normal form is the identity matrix and the reachability gramian is a diagonal matrix. The elements of the non-identity diagonal gramians in both normal forms are the squares of the system Hankel singular values. This fact determines the equivalent role which both normal forms play in model order reduction. The implemented projection is nearly orthogonal up to a scaling with the elements of a diagonal matrix. In the paper are shown the relations between the transformed system descriptions and the reachability and observability operators. Major influence for the output energy distribution in the input normal form has the observability operator, while the input energy is uniformly distributed. Alternatively, the input energy distribution in the output normal form is due to the reachability operator action, while the output energy is uniformly distributed. Several experiments are performed confirming the equivalent role of the input and output normal forms in the procedures of system approximation.
A Comparison of Three Soft Computing Techniques, Bayesian Regression, Support Vector Regression, and Wavelet Regression, for Monthly Rainfall Forecast
Authors: Sharma Ashutosh , Goyal Manish Kumar 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Rainfall, being one of the most important components of the hydrological cycle, plays an extremely important role in agriculture-based economies like India. This paper presents a comparison between three soft computing techniques, namely Bayesian regression (BR), support vector regression (SVR), and wavelet regression (WR), for monthly rainfall forecast in Assam, India. A WR model is a combination of discrete wavelet transform and linear regression. Monthly rainfall data for 102 years from 1901 to 2002 at 21 stations were used for this study. The performances of different models were evaluated based on the mean absolute error, root mean square error, correlation coefficient, and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient. Based on model statistics, WR was found to be the most accurate followed by SVR and BR. The efficiencies for the BR, SVR, and WR models were found to be 32.8%, 52.9%, and 64.03%, respectively. From the spatial analysis of model performances, it was found that the models performed best for the upper Assam region followed by lower, southern, and middle regions, respectively.
Placental malperfusion as a possible mechanism of preterm birth in patients with Müllerian anomalies
Authors: Lekovich Jovana , Stewart Joshua , Anderson Sarah , Niemasik Erin , Pereira Nigel , Chasen Stephen 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Objective:
Müllerian anomalies are associated with increased risk of miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth. While a commonly implicated cause is restricted expansion of endometrial cavity, alternatively it could be due to abnormal placentation. We sought to examine clinical and histopathologic factors associated with preterm delivery in women with Müllerian anomalies.

Study design:
One hundred and eleven singleton pregnancies in 85 women were analyzed retrospectively. There were 42 pregnancies with bicornaute, 24 with unicornuate, 24 with septate, 19 with didelphys and one each with arcuate and T-shaped uterus. Primary outcomes included gestational age at delivery, placental histopathology, placenta previa and accreta.

Results:
Twenty-eight (25.2%) of pregnancies were delivered prior to term. Of those, only 14 (50%) were due to preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Histological evidence of placental malperfusion was present in 22% of all pregnancies and those delivered at an earlier median gestational age [34 (IQR 31–37) vs. 37 weeks (IQR 34–39); P=0.001]. Malperfusion was more common in preterm than in full term births (46% vs. 14%; P=0.04). Conversely, inflammation was not more common in preterm compared to term deliveries (17.9% vs. 16.9%; P=0.89). Five pregnancies had placenta previa, three of which were complicated by accreta.

Conclusion:
Placental malperfusion, rather than inflammation, was more commonly associated with preterm births in women with uterine anomalies.