bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical nitroglycerin for the treatment of intraoperative microsurgical vasospasm
Authors: Ricci Joseph A. , Singhal Dhruv , Fukudome Eugene Y. , Tobias Adam M. , Lin Samuel J. , Lee Bernard T. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundPapaverine remains a popular agent to treat intraoperative microsurgical vasospasm. However, the recent shortage has forced surgeons to trial antispasmodic agents unproven in microsurgery, but commonly used in other areas. During this shortage we have trialed topical nitroglycerin to break intraoperative vasospasm. This study aims to analyze the outcomes of this medication on flap complications compared with papaverine.MethodsAll consecutive free flaps performed for breast reconstruction at a single institution were reviewed. Data collected included patient demographics, co‐morbidities, complications and type of antispasmodic agent. Rates of re‐exploration, complications and flap salvage were compared between patients receiving nitroglycerin and papaverine.ResultsOver 10 years, 991 flaps were treated with antispasmodics: 18 of which were treated with topical nitroglycerin. Patients treated with nitroglycerin tended to have higher BMI (32.1 vs. 27.9, P < 0.01), higher rates of pre‐operative chemotherapy (83.3% vs. 51.3%, P < 0.01) and shorter follow‐up duration (735 vs. 1691 days, P < 0.01). However, no differences in complications were observed, including: unplanned return to the operating room, flap loss, fat necrosis, infection, hematoma, or seroma. Subgroup analysis with a time‐matched cohort of papaverine patients revealed minimal difference in comorbidities and no difference in complications.ConclusionsSubstituting topical nitroglycerin for papaverine to treat vasospasm during the shortage did not demonstrate an increased rate of flap loss or return to the operating room, making these medications a safe alternative to papaverine.
Violence and child mental health in Brazil: The Itaboraí Youth Study methods and findings
Authors: Bordin I.A. , Duarte C.S. , Ribeiro W.S. , Paula C.S. , Coutinho E.S.F. , Sourander A. , Rønning J.A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo demonstrate a study design that could be useful in low‐resource and violent urban settings and to estimate the prevalence of child violence exposure (at home, community, and school) and child mental health problems in a low‐income medium‐size city.MethodsThe Itaboraí Youth Study is a Norway–Brazil collaborative longitudinal study conducted in Itaboraí city (n = 1409, 6–15 year olds). A 3‐stage probabilistic sampling plan (random selection of census units, eligible households, and target child) generated sampling weights that were used to obtain estimates of population prevalence rates.ResultsStudy strengths include previous pilot study and focus groups (testing procedures and comprehension of questionnaire items), longitudinal design (2 assessment periods with a mean interval of 12.9 months), high response rate (>80%), use of standardized instruments, different informants (mother and adolescent), face‐to‐face interviews to avoid errors due to the high frequency of low‐educated respondents, and information gathered on a variety of potential predictors and protective factors. Children and adolescents presented relevant levels of violence exposure and clinical mental health problems.ConclusionsPrevalence estimates are probably valid to other Brazilian low‐income medium‐size cities due to similarities in terms of precarious living conditions. Described study methods could be useful in other poor and violent world regions.
Sonochemical Synthesis of Optically Tuneable Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Bellacanzone Christian , Roscini Claudio , del Carmen Ruiz Delgado María , Ponce Ortiz Rocio , Ruiz‐Molina Daniel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe development of novel and simple methodologies for the obtaining of semiconductive polymer nanoparticles with fine‐tuned optical properties represents nowadays a challenging research area as it involves a simultaneous chemical modification and nanostructuration of the polymer. Here, starting from poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene], this objective is achieved with the one‐pot synthesis of oligomers with tunable conjugation length and their nanostructuration, employing a miniemulsion method. Ultrasound irradiation of heterogeneous mixtures leads to the formation of hypochlorous acid that disrupts the electronic conjugation through polymer chain cleavage. Moreover, control over the degree of the electronic conjugation of the oligomers, and therefore of the optical properties, is achieved simply by varying the polymer concentration of the initial solution. Finally, the presence of surfactants during the sonication allows for the formation of nanoparticles with progressive spectral shift of the main absorption (from λmax = 476 to 306 nm) and emission bands (from λmax = 597 to 481 nm). The integration of conducting polymer nanoparticles into polymeric matrices yields self‐standing and flexible fluorescent films.
A multi‐institutional analysis of children on long‐term non‐invasive respiratory support and their outcomes
Authors: Koncicki Monica L. , Zachariah Philip , Lucas Adam R. , Edwards Jeffrey D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize a multi‐institutional cohort of children with chronic respiratory failure that use long‐term, non‐invasive respiratory support, perform a time‐to‐event analysis of transitions to transtracheal ventilation and identify factors associated with earlier transition to transtracheal ventilation.Study DesignA retrospective cohort study of patients less than 21 years of age with diagnoses associated with chronic respiratory failure and discharged on non‐invasive respiratory support was performed using data from the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) between 2007 and 2015. Demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as times from index discharge on non‐invasive support to transtracheal ventilation were presented. A competing risk regression model was fitted to estimate factors associated with earlier transition to transtracheal ventilation.ResultsA total of 3802 patients were identified. Their median age at index discharge was 10.4 years (interquartile range [IQR] 4.1‐14.9). Of these patients, 337 (8.9%) transitioned to transtracheal ventilation and transitioned at a median of 11.5 months (IQR 4.6‐26) post‐index discharge, or a median age of 9.3 years (IQR 4.2‐14.5). Competing risk modeling demonstrated that patients who were older or whose discharge occurred later in the study period had lower hazards of earlier transition to transtracheal ventilation, whereas patients with anoxia/encephalopathy and quadriplegia had higher hazards of earlier transitioning.ConclusionsMost patients on long‐term, non‐invasive respiratory support who progress to transtracheal ventilation transition do so within a few years of support initiation. Various characteristics were associated with earlier risk of transitioning to transtracheal ventilation. This information may enhance anticipatory guidance for this population.
Attitude‐synchronization flocking of multiple 3‐dimensional nonholonomic agents without position measurement
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐Wen , Guan Zhi‐Hong , Hu Bin , Liao Rui‐Quan , Zhang Xian‐He , He Ding‐Xin 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis paper studies the attitude‐synchronization flocking problem for multiple 3‐dimensional nonholonomic agents. By analyzing the nonlinearity of the nonholonomic model and invoking the neighbor‐based design principle, we develop a distributed linear control protocol with the local information from each agent and its neighbors in proximity, especially, no position measurement is employed. Based on max‐min and Lyapunov stability theory, the proposed distributed control protocol can ensure the 3 flocking rules and attitude synchronization meanwhile, if collision avoidance and communication connectivity are guaranteed at the initial time. Additionally, numerical simulations are provided to verify the theoretical results.
Internal model approach to cooperative robust output regulation for linear uncertain time‐delay multiagent systems
Authors: Lu Maobin , Huang Jie 
Published: January 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we study the cooperative robust output regulation problem for linear uncertain multiagent systems with both communication delay and input delay by the distributed internal model approach. The problem includes the leader‐following consensus problem of linear multiagent systems with time delay as a special case. We first generalize the internal model design method to systems with both communication delay and input delay. Then, under a set of standard assumptions, we have obtained the solution to the problem via both the state feedback control law and the output feedback control law. In contrast to the existing results, our results apply to general linear uncertain multiagent systems, accommodate a large class of leader signals, and achieve asymptotic tracking and disturbance rejection at the same time.
Robust dynamic surface trajectory tracking control for a quadrotor UAV via extended state observer
Authors: Shao Xingling , Liu Jun , Cao Huiliang , Shen Chong , Wang Honglun 
Published: January 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we present an extended state observer–based robust dynamic surface trajectory tracking controller for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle subject to parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. First, the original cascaded dynamics of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle is formulated in a strict form with lumped disturbances to facilitate the backstepping design. Second, based on the separate outer‐ and inner‐loop control methodologies, the extended state observers are constructed to online estimate the unmeasurable velocity states and lumped disturbances existed in translational and rotational dynamics, respectively. Third, to overcome the problem of “explosion of complexity” inherent in backstepping control, the technique of dynamic surface control is utilized for trajectory tracking and attitude stabilization, and with the velocity and disturbance estimates incorporated into the dynamic surface control, a robust dynamic surface flight controller that guarantees asymptotic tracking in the presence of lumped disturbances is synthesized. In addition, the stability analysis is given, showing that the present robust controller can ensure the ultimate boundedness of all signals in the closed‐loop system and make the tracking errors arbitrarily small. Finally, comparisons and extensive simulations under different flight scenarios are performed to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme in accurate tracking performance and enhanced antidisturbance capability.
Towards a systems approach for river basin management—Lessons fromAustralia's largest river
Authors: Thompson R.M. , Bond N. , Poff N.L. , Byron N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGlobally, large river systems have been extensively modified and are increasingly managed for a range of purposes including ecosystem services and ecological values. Key to managing rivers effectively are developing approaches that deal with uncertainty, are adaptive in nature, and can incorporate multiple stakeholders with dynamic feedbacks. Australia's largest river system, the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), has been extensively developed for shipping passage, irrigation, hydroelectric development, and water supply. Water development in the MDB over the last century resulted in overallocation of water resources and large‐scale environmental degradation throughout the Basin. Under the pressure of a significant drought, there was insufficient water to supply critical human, environmental, and agricultural needs. In response, a massive programme of water reform was enacted that resulted in considerable institutional, social, and economic change. The underlying policy was required to be enacted in an absence of certainty around the scientific basis, with an adaptive management focus to incorporate new knowledge. The resulting institutional arrangements were challenged by a need to generate new governance arrangements within the constraints of existing state and national structures. The ongoing reform and management of the MDB continues to challenge all parties to achieve optimization for multiple outcomes, and to communicate that effectively. As large‐scale water reform gains pace globally, the MDB provides a window of insight into the types of systems that may emerge and the challenges in working within them. Most particularly, it illustrates the need for much more sophisticated systems thinking that runs counter to the much more linear approaches often adopted in government.
Enabling the generation of web applications from mockups
Authors: D'Souza Chris , Deufemia Vincenzo , Ginige Athula , Polese Giuseppe 
Published: January 2018

SummaryMockups are widely used to elicit and validate user requirements in web applications, and several intuitive tools have been developed in recent years, actively involving the end user in the requirements solicitation process. However, most current web development approaches and tools discard mockups after the information‐gathering process, abandoning the opportunity to exploit underlying information in them for autogenerating functional web applications. To overcome this limitation, we have devised a method for deriving the database schema and the logic of the web application from the information contained within mockups. In particular, the method gathers clues on how to organize the data and the control flow of the web application by analyzing the structure and relationships of the widgets in the mockup. Based on the proposed method, we have implemented a tool supporting the generation of web applications abiding by the model‐view‐controller architectural pattern. The tool has been evaluated by involving several end users in the development of web applications for different domains.
Epigenetic Silencing of TAP1 in Aldefluor+ Breast Cancer Stem Cells Contributes to Their Enhanced Immune Evasion
Authors: Sultan Mohammad , Vidovic Dejan , Paine Arianne S. , Huynh Thomas T. , Coyle Krysta M. , Thomas Margaret L. , Cruickshank Brianne M. , Dean Cheryl A. , Clements Derek R. , Kim Youra , Lee Kristen , Gujar Shashi A. , Weaver Ian C.G. , Marcato Paola 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Avoiding detection and destruction by immune cells is key for tumor initiation and progression. The important role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumor initiation has been well established, yet their ability to evade immune detection and targeting is only partly understood. To investigate the ability of breast CSCs to evade immune detection, we identified a highly tumorigenic population in a spontaneous murine mammary tumor based on increased aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. We performed tumor growth studies in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice. In immunocompetent mice, growth of the spontaneous mammary tumor was restricted; however, the Aldefluor+ population was expanded, suggesting inherent resistance mechanisms. Gene expression analysis of the sorted tumor cells revealed that the Aldefluor+ tumor cells has decreased expression of transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) genes and co-stimulatory molecule CD80, which would decrease susceptibility to T cells. Similarly, the Aldefluor+ population of patient tumors and 4T1 murine mammary cells had decreased expression of TAP and co-stimulatory molecule genes. In contrast, breast CSCs identified by CD44+CD24− do not have decreased expression of these genes, but do have increased expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4. Decitabine treatment and bisulfite pyrosequencing suggests that DNA hypermethylation contributes to decreased TAP gene expression in Aldefluor+ CSCs. TAP1 knockdown resulted in increased tumor growth of 4T1 cells in immunocompetent mice. Together, this suggests immune evasion mechanisms in breast CSCs are marker specific and epigenetic silencing of TAP1 in Aldefluor+ breast CSCs contributes to their enhanced survival under immune pressure.
Characterization of a 3xTg‐AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease with the senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) background
Authors: Virgili Jessica , Lebbadi Meryem , Tremblay Cyntia , St‐Amour Isabelle , Pierrisnard Caroline , Faucher‐Genest Audrey , Emond Vincent , Julien Carl , Calon Frédéric 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNo model fully recapitulates the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the triple‐transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg‐AD) expresses Aβ plaques and tau‐laden neurofibrillary tangles, as well as synaptic and behavioral deficits, it does not display frank neuronal loss. Because old age is the most important risk factor in AD, senescence‐related interactions might be lacking to truly establish an AD‐like environment. To investigate this hypothesis, we bred the 3xTg‐AD mouse with the senescence‐accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8), a model of accelerated aging. We generated four groups of heterozygous mice with either the SAMP8 or SAMR1 (senescence‐resistant‐1) genotype, along with either the 3xTg‐AD or non‐transgenic (NonTg) genotype. Despite no differences among groups in total latency to escape the Barnes maze, a greater number of errors were noticed before entering the target hole in 19‐month‐old P8/3xTg‐AD mice at day 5, compared to other groups. Postmortem analyses revealed increased cortical levels of phospho‐tau (Thr231) in female P8/3xTg‐AD mice (+277% vs. R1/3xTg‐AD mice), without other tau‐related changes. Female P8/3xTg‐AD mice exhibited higher cortical soluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 concentrations (Aβ40, +85%; Aβ42, +35% vs. R1/3xTg‐AD), whereas insoluble forms remained unchanged. Higher Aβ42 load coincided with increased astroglial activation in female P8/3xTg‐AD mice, as measured with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (+57% vs. R1/3xTg‐AD mice). To probe neuronal degeneration, concentrations of neuronal nuclei (NeuN) were measured, but no differences were detected between groups. Altogether, the SAMP8 genotype had deleterious effects on spatial memory and exerted female‐specific aggravation of AD neuropathology without overt neurodegeneration in 3xTg‐AD mice.
Natural antisense transcripts in diseases: From modes of action to targeted therapies
Authors: Wanowska Elżbieta , Kubiak Magdalena Regina , Rosikiewicz Wojciech , Makałowska Izabela , Szcześniak Michał Wojciech 
Published: January 2018

Antisense transcription is a widespread phenomenon in mammalian genomes, leading to production of RNAs molecules referred to as natural antisense transcripts (NATs). NATs apply diverse transcriptional and post‐transcriptional regulatory mechanisms to carry out a wide variety of biological roles that are important for the normal functioning of living cells, but their dysfunctions can be associated with human diseases. In this review, we attempt to provide a molecular basis for the involvement of NATs in the etiology of human disorders such as cancers and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. We also discuss the pros and cons of oligonucleotide‐based therapies targeted against NATs, and we comment on state‐of‐the‐art progress in this promising area of clinical research. WIREs RNA 2018, 9:e1461. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1461This article is categorized under:

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule–RNA Interactions
Drivers of seasonal return patterns in German stocks
Authors: Weigerding Michael , Hanke Michael 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUsing a data set of German stocks that includes the financial crisis, this paper identifies market liquidity as the main driver of return seasonality. In comparison, the economic significance of order flow imbalance is markedly weaker. Applying panel regressions and controlling for unobserved effects, we investigate the effects of both variables simultaneously, together with dummies for calendar effects. US macroeconomic news announcements, which have been identified as one driver of return seasonality in previous studies using non-US data, are of little importance for our data set of German stocks.
Fratura pantrocantérica: incidência da complicação em pacientes com fratura trocantérica tratados com parafuso dinâmico de quadril em um hospital do Sul do Brasil
Authors: Guerra Marcelo , Giglio Luiz , Leite Bruno 
Published: January 2018

ResumoInvestigar a incidência de fraturas pantrocantéricas nos casos de fraturas trocantéricas tratadas com parafuso dinâmico de quadril em nosso serviço.Uma amostra de 54 pacientes com fraturas trocantéricas tratadas com parafuso dinâmico de quadril foi incluída neste estudo retrospectivo. Foram avaliadas radiografias pré-cirúrgicas para classificação das fraturas com o sistema AO/OTA, identificação de osteoporose radiográfica e mensuração da espessura da cortical lateral, enquanto nas imagens pós-operatórias imediatas foi avaliada a presença de fratura pantrocantérica.A amostra final apresentou a incidência de 16,7% de fraturas pantrocantéricas. A espessura da parede lateral foi significativamente mais baixa no grupo com a complicação (p < 0,001). Embora a incidência de fraturas classificadas como 31.A2 tenha sido maior no grupo com fratura pantrocantérica, a diferença não foi significativa (p = 0,456).O percentual de fraturas pantrocantéricas nesse serviço encontra-se em acordo com trabalhos prévios. Houve associação entre espessura da cortical lateral e ocorrência de fratura iatrogênica da parede lateral. Não houve diferença significativa entre classificação das fraturas e fratura pantrocantérica, possivelmente devido ao tamanho da amostra.
Shale strata development problems and origin of the Bazhenov Formation fractures in the southeast of the West Siberian Plate
Authors: Belozerov V.B. , Krasnoshchekova L.A. , Merkulov V.P. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Shale strata development is one of the most promising trends for the hydrocarbon production increase within the West Siberian petroliferous province. The lack of understanding of fracturing mechanism, which is crucial for steady well production during hydraulic fracturing or drilling of horizontal wells, substantially restricts the choice of process capabilities for effective development of such horizons. This paper considers the Bazhenov Formation fractures based on the core data. The role of open and mineralized fractures (their slope angles, density, and specific surface) in the structure of bituminous shales is considered. Paleomagnetic orientation of the core samples with open fractures is implemented, and litho-petrographical description of the strata is made. The obtained results indicate that the planetary paleotension system of rocks controls the origin of open fractures in the Bazhenov Formation. Therefore, their spatial orientation and autogeneration capability can be used during the development of the bituminous shale strata.
Results of magnetotelluric surveyon reference geophysical profiles of the Karaton–Sarkamys block in Kazakhstan
Authors: Umirova G.K. , Istekova S.A. , Modin I.N. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A digital geoelectric model of the Karaton–Sarkamys block located in the southern (Kazakhstan) part of the Caspian Depression has been developed on the basis of processing and interpretation of magnetotelluric sounding data. Geoelectric sections and structural maps of geoelectric layers have been constructed. It has been shown that magnetotelluric sounding combined with seismic and GIS data can be efficiently used to obtain additional information on the lithologic and reservoir properties of petroleum plays.