bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining kinetic properties of HIV-specific CD8+T-cell responses in acute infection
Authors: Yang Yiding , Ganusov Vitaly V. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMultiple lines of evidence indicate that CD8+T cells are important in the control of HIV-1 (HIV) replication. However, CD8+T cells induced by natural infection cannot eliminate the virus or reduce viral loads to acceptably low levels in most infected individuals. Understanding the basic quantitative features of CD8+T-cell responses induced during the course of HIV infection may therefore inform us about the limits that HIV vaccines, which aim to induce protective CD8+T-cell responses, must exceed. Using previously published experimental data from a cohort of HIV-infected individuals with sampling times from acute to chronic infection we defined the quantitative properties of CD8+T-cell responses to the whole HIV proteome. In contrast with a commonly held view, we found that the relative number of HIV-specific CD8+T-cell responses (response breadth) changed little over the course of infection (first 400 days post-infection), with moderate but statistically significant changes occurring only during the first 35 symptomatic days. This challenges the idea that a change in the T-cell response breadth over time is responsible for the slow speed of viral escape from CD8+T cells in the chronic infection. The breadth of HIV-specific CD8+T-cell responses was not correlated with the average viral load for our small cohort of patients. Metrics of relative immunodominance of HIV-specific CD8+T-cell responses such as Shannon entropy or the Evenness index were also not significantly correlated with the average viral load. Our mathematical-model-driven analysis suggested extremely slow expansion kinetics for the majority of HIV-specific CD8+T-cell responses and the presence of intra- and interclonal competition between multiple CD8+T-cell responses; such competition may limit the magnitude of CD8+T-cell responses, specific to different epitopes, and the overall number of T-cell responses induced by vaccination. Further understanding of mechanisms underlying interactions between the virus and virus-specific CD8+T-cell response will be instrumental in determining which T-cell-based vaccines will induce T-cell responses providing durable protection against HIV infection.AbbreviationsCTLcytotoxic T lymphocyteHIVhuman immunodeficiency virusSEShannon entropyEIEvenness indexPBMCperipheral blood mononuclear cellsSFCspot-forming cellsIFNinterferon
Spring frost controls spring tree phenology along elevational gradients on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Yafeng , Case Bradley , Rossi Sergio , Zhu Liping , Liang Eryuan , Ellison Aaron M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTemperature is considered to be a main driver of spring phenology, whereas the role of climate extremes (such as spring frosts) has long been neglected. A large elevational gradient of mature forests on the Tibetan Plateau provides a powerful space-for-time ‘natural experiment’ to explore driving forces of spring phenology. Combining 5-yr of in situ phenological observations of Smith fir (Abies georgeivar.smithii) with concurrent air temperature data along two altitudinal gradients on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, we tested the hypothesis that spring frost was a major factor regulating the timing of spring phenology. Onset of bud swelling and leaf unfolding in the study years occurred ≈ 18 or 17 days earlier, respectively, at the lowest (3800 m a.s.l.) elevation relative to upper treelines (4360 or 4380 m a.s.l.). The frequency of freezing events and last freezing date were critical factors in determining the timing of bud swelling along two altitudinal gradients, whereas onset of leaf unfolding was primarily controlled by the onset of bud swelling. This finding provides evidence for detrimental impacts of spring frost on spring phenology, which have been underappreciated in research on phenological sensitivity to climate but should be included in phenology models. It contributes to explain the declining global warming effects on spring phenophases, because climatic extreme events (e.g. spring frosts) tend to increase with warming.
Robust diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma by immunohistochemical detection of super-enhancer-driven EWSR1-ETS targets
Authors: Baldauf Michaela C. , Orth Martin F. , Dallmayer Marlene , Marchetto Aruna , Gerke Julia S. , Alba Rubio Rebeca , Kiran Merve M. , Musa Julian , Knott Maximilian M. L. , Ohmura Shunya , Li Jing , Akpolat Nusret , Akatli Ayse N. , Özen Özlem , Dirksen Uta , Hartmann Wolfgang , de Alava Enrique , Baumhoer Daniel , Sannino Giuseppina , Kirchner Thomas , Grünewald Thomas G. P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEwing sarcoma is an undifferentiated bone-associated cancer. Although molecular detection of pathognomonicEWSR1-ETSfusions such asEWSR1-FLI1enables definitive diagnosis, substantial confusion can arise if molecular diagnostics are unavailable. Diagnosis based solely on the conventional immunohistochemical marker CD99 is unreliable due to its abundant expression in morphological mimics. This study aimed to identify novel diagnostic immunohistochemical markers for Ewing sarcoma.We analyzed 768 expression microarrays representing 21 tumor entities including Ewing-like sarcomas to nominate candidate biomarkers. These candidates were validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a tissue microarray (TMA) comprising 174 samples. Microarray, chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-Seq) data, and reporter assays were employed to analyze their EWSR1-FLI1-dependency.Our comparative expression analyses revealed thatATP1A1, BCL11B, andGLG1constitute specific markers for Ewing sarcoma. Analysis of ChIP-Seq and microarray datasets showed that their expression is EWSR1-FLI1-dependent. This outcome corresponded to EWSR1-FLI1-binding to proximal super-enhancers, which showed high activity in reporter assays. Consistently, high ATP1A1, BCL11B, and GLG1 expressions were detected by IHC. Automated cut-off-finding and combination-testing in the TMA demonstrated that detection of high BCL11B and/or GLG1 expression is sufficient to reach 96% specificity for Ewing sarcoma. While 88% of tested Ewing-like sarcomas displayed strong CD99-immunoreactivity, none displayed combined high expression of BCL11B and GLG1.Collectively, we provide evidence thatATP1A1, BCL11B, andGLG1are EWSR1-FLI1 targets, of which BCL11B and GLG1 offer a fast, simple and cost-efficient way to diagnose Ewing sarcoma by IHC. We anticipate that these markers will significantly reduce the number of misdiagnosed patients, and thus improve patient care.
Predicting users’ demographic characteristics in a Chinese social media network
Authors: Wang Qiangbing , Ma Shutian , Zhang Chengzhi 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Based on user-generated content from a Chinese social media platform, this paper aims to investigate multiple methods of constructing user profiles and their effectiveness in predicting their gender, age and geographic location.

Design/methodology/approach
This investigation collected 331,634 posts from 4,440 users of Sina Weibo. The data were divided into two parts, for training and testing . First, a vector space model and topic models were applied to construct user profiles. A classification model was then learned by a support vector machine according to the training data set. Finally, we used the classification model to predict users’ gender, age and geographic location in the testing data set.

Findings
The results revealed that in constructing user profiles, latent semantic analysis performed better on the task of predicting gender and age. By contrast, the method based on a traditional vector space model worked better in making predictions regarding the geographic location. In the process of applying a topic model to construct user profiles, the authors found that different prediction tasks should use different numbers of topics.

Originality/value
This study explores different user profile construction methods to predict Chinese social media network users’ gender, age and geographic location. The results of this paper will help to improve the quality of personal information gathered from social media platforms, and thereby improve personalized recommendation systems and personalized marketing.
Effectuation in the undergraduate classroom: three barriers to entrepreneurial learning
Authors: Günzel-Jensen Franziska , Robinson Sarah 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Since Sarasvathy’s (2001) research on decision-making logics of expert entrepreneurs, effectuation has become a cornerstone in entrepreneurship education. Effectuation is not only subjectified in entrepreneurship education, but has also become conceptualized as a method in the learning process. The purpose of this paper is to explore how students, who are novice entrepreneurs, react to working effectually and which barriers they face when applying effectual decision-making logics in a university course.

Design/methodology/approach
A student-centered process course in entrepreneurship with 142 students provides a unique opportunity to explore the phenomena. Participant/teacher observations, written and oral work from the students and finally formal and informal written evaluations of the course by the students provide comprehensive data.

Findings
The authors find that students experience three barriers to using effectuation. These are: noviceness, regarding the project as a “school project,” perceived lack of legitimacy of both the instructors and the process.

Originality/value
The contribution of this study is threefold: first, to contribute to the understanding of the applicability of effectuation for novice entrepreneurs in the classroom; second, to articulate the factors that hinder entrepreneurial learning when effectuation is used in a process course; and third, to shed light on the importance of contextual factors for individual learning.
Understanding students’ emotional reactions to entrepreneurship education
Authors: Jones Sally , Underwood Sarah 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on approaches that acknowledge and make explicit the role of emotion in the entrepreneurship education classroom. As entrepreneurship educators, the authors are aware of the affective impacts that entrepreneurship education has on the students and the authors continuously reflect on and support the students through, what is acknowledged in practice, an emotionally charged experience. With this in mind, the authors outline how a variety of disciplines engage with the role of emotions and how an interdisciplinary approach to the topic can support pedagogy.Design/methodology/approachThe authors synthesise relevant arguments from four discrete disciplines: neuroscience; psychology, education and entrepreneurship, which have not previously been combined. The authors argue that the role of emotion in learning generally, has been investigated across these disparate disciplines, but has not been brought together in a way that provides practical implications for the development of pedagogy.FindingsBy synthesising the findings from four bodies of knowledge that engage with emotion, entrepreneurship and education, the authors start to develop a theoretical model based around the concept of the emotional ecology of the classroom.Practical implicationsThe role of emotion in entrepreneurship education is an emerging topic and the authors’ synthesis of research supports further investigation. The authors’ insights will support educators to develop classroom environments that acknowledge relationships between students and between students and educators. Such engagement could help educators and students to appreciate, acknowledge and address the emotional aspects of entrepreneurship education.Originality/valueThe paper starts to develop new theory around emotions in entrepreneurship education, developing the idea of the emotional “ecology” of teaching environments and highlighting how this might support future research agendas.
Agricultural entrepreneurship orientation: is academic training a missing link?
Authors: Mohammadinezhad Soodeh , Sharifzadeh Maryam 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the importance of academic courses on agricultural entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach
Modified global entrepreneurship and development index (GEDI) was used to determine entrepreneurial dimensions among 19 graduated students of agricultural colleges resided in Iran. Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process was applied to understand agricultural graduates’ preferences on effectiveness of university courses (core, free elective and restricted elective).

Findings
Results suggested the importance of professional restricted elective courses to provide students with necessary skills. These courses were successful in providing a context for entrepreneurial profile.

Research limitations/implications
Innate talent or acquired skills were always the place of debate on entrepreneurial development. The paper builds on the premise that entrepreneurs are made through education and continuing reconstruction of experience, further research is required as the field develops in experience and complexity.

Practical implications
The paper provides strategies to effectively modify practical route in higher education to enhance entrepreneurial orientation among students.

Originality/value
The paper is innovative at a conceptual level in modifying GEDI elements in individual-level variables based on GEDI configuration theory. This approach is particularly useful in addressing the bottleneck problems of entrepreneurship profile and focusses on the information interpreted at weights of the individual-level data.
Influence of seam types on seam quality of outdoor clothing
Authors: Shi Hui , Zhang Lingxi , Wang Jianping 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a rational and complete design scheme of seam type of outdoor clothing, so as to improve the seam efficiency and appearance of outdoor clothing, as well as to provide an optimal seam base for the subsequent pressure adhesive process.

Design/methodology/approach
Four types of common outdoor fabrics and four seam types were selected. Seam strength and thickness were measured. Seam efficiency and seam thickness strain were calculated to evaluate seam quality. Multiple linear regression analysis was adopted to analyze the influence of seam type essential factors on seam strength.

Findings
Among the component factors of seam type, based on two stitches, seam strength was significantly affected by stitch distance, followed by fabric layer on the seam side. The increase of stitch and the interaction among fabrics can effectively improve the seam efficiency. The methods are as follows: the increase of stitches, stitch distance shortening, the increase of fabric layers, etc. The change of seam type had no significant influence on seam thickness strain. A seam-type design scheme of outdoor clothing with good mechanical and appearance properties was designed by choosing the seam types FX1, FX2 and FX4.

Originality/value
This paper designed a practical scheme of seam-type design of outdoor clothing, which has been applied in the industrial production process. It is important for guiding the improvement of seam quality and the production efficiency of outdoor clothing.
Numerical simulation of foam cup molding process for mold head design
Authors: Wu Long , Yick Kit-Lun , Yip Joanne , Ng Sun-Pui 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
One of the crucial steps in the molded bra production is the process of developing the mold head. The purpose of this paper is to determine the final cups style and size. Compared with traditional development process of the mold head, less time-consuming and a more quantitative method is needed for the design and modification of the mold head.

Design/methodology/approach
A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model for the simulation of large compressive deformation was built in this paper to research the foam bra cup molding process. Since the head cones have more representative than the mold heads, the male and female head cones were used in the simulation. All of the solid shapes are modeled by using 3D Solid 164 elements as well as an automatic surface-to-surface contact between head cones.

Findings
Simulation of the foam cup molding process is conducted by inputting different properties of the foam material and stress-strain curves under different molding temperatures.

Research limitations/implications
In order to simulate the laminated foam moulding process, heat transfer through a layered textile assembly can be studied by using the thermo-mechanical coupled FE model.

Practical implications
According to the different foam performance parameters under different temperatures along with different head cone shapes, distribution and variation in the stress field can be obtained as well as the ultimate capacity of foam materials.

Social implications
A computer-aided parametric design system for the mold heads provides an effective solution to improving the development process of mold heads.

Originality/value
The distribution and variation in the stress fields can be analyzed through simulation, providing a reference for the mold head design.
Computer reconstruction of 19th century trousers
Authors: Kuzmichev Victor , Moskvin Aleksei , Surzhenko Evgenii , Moskvina Mariia 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Designing of clothes using the historical prototypes is very popular in contemporary practice. The purpose of this paper is to apply 2D and 3D computer-aided design (CAD) systems to reconstruct the historical pattern block and get the virtual image in accordance with the prototypes. New algorithm has been proved for men trousers taken from the nineteenth century.

Design/methodology/approach
Our approach is to develop a method of CAD to reconstruct historical trousers through analyzing and rebuilding of historical algorithms used to pattern blocks making, old anthropometrical database, and the pattern blocks shaping. Trousers construction, methods of trousers shaping by hands, body sizes schedule, manuals of 36 pattern cutting systems, and its sketches from nineteenth century have been analyzed. Then, by means of parameterization of historical pattern blocks, we have developed the universal trousers pattern cutting algorithm. The final step of the research has been devoted to virtual fitting technology that helps to determine the differences between historical trousers chosen as prototype and virtual image reconstructed by 3D CAD.

Findings
The authors have developed the parametrical module of 2D CAD and expanded the application of 3D CAD to re-designing of completely new object such as nineteenth century trousers pattern blocks in accordance with the historical method of shaping by hands. The conformity between the style of historical trousers and the virtual images reconstructed from two resources – pattern block and sketch silhouette – has been achieved.

Originality/value
This study demonstrated the contemporary approach to historical garments reconstruction by means of CAD. This study should help researchers of historical costume and practical specialists in apparel industry to apply historical heritage in a contemporary way.
On increasing of integration rate of elements in a multi-level inverter
Authors: Pankratov Evgeny L. , Bulaeva Elena Alexeevna 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the redistribution of dopant and radiation defects to determine conditions which correspond to decreasing of elements in the considered inverter and at the same time to increase their density.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors introduce an approach to increase integration rate of elements in a three-level inverter. The approach is based on decrease in the dimension of elements of the inverter (diodes and bipolar transistors) due to manufacturing of these elements by diffusion or ion implantation in a heterostructure with specific configuration and optimization of annealing of dopant and radiation defects.

Findings
The authors formulate recommendations to increase density of elements of the inverter with a decrease in their dimensions.

Practical implications
Optimization of manufacturing of integrated circuits and their elements.

Originality/value
The results of this paper are based on original analysis of transport of dopant with account transport and interaction of radiation defects.
Improving conventional method on precast concrete building maintenance
Authors: Ismail Zul-Atfi 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the principles for managing precast concrete (PC) building in the context of Malaysian maintenance practice. A large number of clients/contractors in a PC building maintenance project faced many issues due to poor service delivery, less-competent contractor and defect repetition. Meanwhile, conventional method practices tend to be ineffective in Malaysian PC building.

Design/methodology/approach
Case studies were used to investigate the practice of maintenance management with eight professional engineers working in the Malaysian PC building maintenance departments.

Findings
Interviews were held with these departments and content analysis was used to identify themes that demonstrate effective PC building maintenance management practice. The frontline approaches (new system development with the integration of BIM) and underlying approach such as decision making in defect diagnosis are presented to address the maintenance management problems on PC building such as defect repetition and less-competent contractor.

Originality/value
The underlying approaches include sustaining existing maintenance quality and providing decision making in diagnosis support while the frontline approaches include the use of emerging technologies, efficient control of building performance-based design and monitor the defect component operation in maintenance.
A positive deviance approach to eliminate wastes in business processes
Authors: Delias Pavlos 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to manifest a method that exploits process analytics to discover critical knowledge for a business process. This knowledge eventually answers to the question if process behavior can suggest which activities should be outsourced to get the performance improved.

Design/methodology/approach
The author linked waste sources to process behavioral patterns, and adopted the positive deviance paradigm to highlight compelling behaviors. Various analytic tools (generalized regression, clustering, etc.) were used to provide recommendations.

Findings
By outsourcing small parts of the process, significant process improvement is expected. Evidence-based process analytics can effectively support the relevant decisions.

Research limitations/implications
The author had no access to the relevant policy makers (process owners).

Originality/value
The author proposed an operationalization of concepts that connects process behavior to waste sources. The author presented the use of positive deviance as a guide for waste elimination projects.