bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can we predict drug response by volumes of the corpus callosum in newly diagnosed focal epilepsy?
Authors: Kim Hyung Chan , Kim Sung Eun , Lee Byung In , Park Kang Min 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether volumes of the corpus callosum could predict a response to antiepileptic drugs in patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy.MethodsFifty‐three patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy of unknown etiology and healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. First, we analyzed the differences in the volumes of the corpus callosum between patients with epilepsy and healthy subjects. Second, we divided patients with epilepsy into antiepileptic drug responders and drug nonresponders groups, according to their seizure controls, and evaluated the differences in the volumes of the corpus callosum between the groups. Third, we conducted correlation analyses between the volumes of the corpus callosum and mean diffusion measures in healthy subjects.ResultsThe volumes of the corpus callosum in patients with epilepsy were significantly lower than those in normal controls (p = .0001). Among epilepsy patients, the volumes of the corpus callosum were significantly lower in antiepileptic drug responders compared with nonresponders (p = .0481), which was the only independent variable for predicting antiepileptic drug response (OR = 10.07, p = .0434). In addition, we found that the volumes of the corpus callosum were significantly correlated with the mean diffusion measures (fractional anisotropy, r = .408, p = .0027; mean diffusivity, r = −0.403, p = .0028) in normal controls.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that the volumes of the corpus callosum were different according to antiepileptic drug responses in patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy, which might suggest that the volumes of the corpus callosum could be a new biomarker for predicting responses to antiepileptic drugs.
Diffusion tensor imaging of the structural integrity of white matter correlates with impulsivity in adolescents with internet gaming disorder
Authors: Du Xin , Liu Linlin , Yang Yongxin , Qi Xin , Gao Peihong , Zhang Yang , Zhu Jiyu , Du Guijin , Dai Shouping , Li Xiaodong , Zhang Quan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionInternet gaming disorder (IGD) is usually defined as the inability of an individual to control internet gaming resulting in serious negative consequences, and trait impulsivity has been viewed as a hallmark feature of IGD. Recent studies have suggested that the structural integrity of the white matter (WM) plays an important role in the neuromediation of an individual's impulsivity. However, no study has examined the association between WM integrity and impulsivity in IGD adolescents.MethodsIn this study, 33 adolescents with IGD and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited, and the intergroup differences in the relationships between impulsivity and fractional anisotropy (FA) values across the whole brain WM were investigated using voxel‐wise correlation analyses.ResultsOur results revealed significant intergroup differences in the correlations between impulsivity and the FA values of the right corticospinal tract (CST) and the right occipital WM. Region of interest‐based tests revealed that the FA values of these clusters were positive or insignificantly correlated with impulsivity in the IGD adolescents contrasted to the significantly negative correlation in the HCs.ConclusionsThis altered correlations in the IGD adolescents might reflect potential WM microstructural changes which may be associated with the greater impulsivity of IGD adolescents and provide possible therapeutic targets for interventions in this population.
Densification of Silica Spheres: A New Pathway to Nano‐Dimensioned Zeolite‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Machoke Albert Gonche Fortunatus , Apeleo Zubiri Benjamin , Leonhardt Rainer , Marthala Venkata Ramana Reddy , Schmiele Martin , Unruh Tobias , Hartmann Martin , Spiecker Erdman , Schwieger Wilhelm 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNanosized materials are expected to play a unique role in the development of future catalytic processes. Herein, pre‐prepared and geometrically well‐defined amorphous silica spheres are densified into silica‐rich zeolites with nanosized dimensions. After the densification, the obtained nanosized zeolites exhibit the same spherical morphology like the starting precursor but characterized by a drastically reduced size, higher density, and high crystallinity. The phase transformation into crystalline zeolite material and the densification effect are achieved through a well‐controlled steam‐assisted treatment of the larger precursor particles so that the transformation process proceeds always towards the center of the spheres, just like a shrinking process. Furthermore, this procedure is applicable also to commercially available silica particles, as well as aluminum‐containing systems (precursors) leading to acidic nano‐catalysts with improved catalytic performance.
Lessons from the Tōhoku tsunami: A model for island avifauna conservation prioritization
Authors: Reynolds Michelle H. , Berkowitz Paul , Klavitter John L. , Courtot Karen N. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEarthquake‐generated tsunamis threaten coastal areas and low‐lying islands with sudden flooding. Although human hazards and infrastructure damage have been well documented for tsunamis in recent decades, the effects on wildlife communities rarely have been quantified. We describe a tsunami that hit the world's largest remaining tropical seabird rookery and estimate the effects of sudden flooding on 23 bird species nesting on Pacific islands more than 3,800 km from the epicenter. We used global positioning systems, tide gauge data, and satellite imagery to quantify characteristics of the Tōhoku earthquake‐generated tsunami (11 March 2011) and its inundation extent across four Hawaiian Islands. We estimated short‐term effects of sudden flooding to bird communities using spatially explicit data from Midway Atoll and Laysan Island, Hawai'i. We describe variation in species vulnerability based on breeding phenology, nesting habitat, and life history traits. The tsunami inundated 21%–100% of each island's area at Midway Atoll and Laysan Island. Procellariformes (albatrosses and petrels) chick and egg losses exceeded 258,500 at Midway Atoll while albatross chick losses at Laysan Island exceeded 21,400. The tsunami struck at night and during the peak of nesting for 14 colonial seabird species. Strongly philopatric Procellariformes were vulnerable to the tsunami. Nonmigratory, endemic, endangered Laysan Teal (Anas laysanensis) were sensitive to ecosystem effects such as habitat changes and carcass‐initiated epizootics of avian botulism, and its populations declined approximately 40% on both atolls post‐tsunami. Catastrophic flooding of Pacific islands occurs periodically not only from tsunamis, but also from storm surge and rainfall; with sea‐level rise, the frequency of sudden flooding events will likely increase. As invasive predators occupy habitat on higher elevation Hawaiian Islands and globally important avian populations are concentrated on low‐lying islands, additional conservation strategies may be warranted to increase resilience of island biodiversity encountering tsunamis and rising sea levels.
Snails in the desert: Species diversification of Theba (Gastropoda: Helicidae) along the Atlantic coast of NW Africa
Authors: Greve Carola , Haase Martin , Hutterer Rainer , Rödder Dennis , Ihlow Flora , Misof Bernhard 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe spatial subdivision of species often plays a pivotal role in speciation. Across their entire range, species are rarely panmictic and crucial consequences of spatial subdivision are (1) random genetic drift including historical factors, (2) uniform selection, and (3) divergent selection. Each of these consequences may result in geographic variation and eventually reproductive isolation, but their relative importance in speciation is still unclear. In this study, we used a combination of genetic, morphological, and climatic data to obtain a comprehensive picture of differentiation among three closely related, parapatrically distributed taxa of the land snail genus Theba occurring along the Atlantic coasts of South Morocco and Western Sahara. We conducted Mantel and partial Mantel tests to relate phenotypic and genotypic variation of these species to geography and/or climate. As null hypothesis for an evolutionary scenario, we assumed nonadaptive speciation and expected a pattern of isolation by distance among taxa. Rejection of the null hypothesis would indicate isolation by environment due to adaptation. Generally, genetic drift plays an important role but is rarely considered as sole driver of speciation. It is the combination of drift and selection that predominantly drives speciation. This study, however, provides a potential example, in which nonadaptive speciation, that is, genetic drift, is apparently the main driver of shaping the diversity of Theba in NW Africa. Restriction of gene flow between populations caused by geographic isolation probably has played an important role. Climate oscillations during the Plio‐ and Pleistocene may have led to repeated ecological changes in NW Africa and disruptions of habitats promoting differentiation by geographic isolation. The inferred evolutionary scenario, however, did not fully explain the incongruence between the AFLP‐ and mtDNA‐tree topologies. This incongruence might indicate past hybridization among the studied Theba forms.
Performance test and verification of an off‐the‐shelf automated avian radar tracking system
Authors: May Roel , Steinheim Yngve , Kvaløy Pål , Vang Roald , Hanssen Frank 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMicrowave radar is an important tool for observation of birds in flight and represents a tremendous increase in observation capability in terms of amount of surveillance space that can be covered at relatively low cost. Based on off‐the‐shelf radar hardware, automated radar tracking systems have been developed for monitoring avian movements. However, radar used as an observation instrument in biological research has its limitations that are important to be aware of when analyzing recorded radar data. This article describes a method for exploring the detection capabilities of a dedicated short‐range avian radar system used inside the operational Smøla wind‐power plant. The purpose of the testing described was to find the maximum detection range for various sized birds, while controlling for the effects of flight tortuosity, flight orientation relative to the radar and ground clutter. The method was to use a dedicated test target in form of a remotely controlled unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with calibrated radar cross section (RCS), which enabled the design of virtually any test flight pattern within the area of interest. The UAV had a detection probability of 0.5 within a range of 2,340 m from the radar. The detection performance obtained by the RCS‐calibrated test target (−11 dBm2, 0.08 m2 RCS) was then extrapolated to find the corresponding performance of differently sized birds. Detection range depends on system sensitivity, the environment within which the radar is placed and the spatial distribution of birds. The avian radar under study enables continuous monitoring of bird activity within a maximum range up to 2 km dependent on the size of the birds in question. While small bird species may be detected up to 0.5–1 km, larger species may be detected up to 1.5–2 km distance from the radar.
The effect of childcare activities on cognitive status and depression in older adults: gender differences in a 4.4‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Trevisan Caterina , Pamio Maria Valentina , Curreri Chiara , Maggi Stefania , Baggio Giovannella , Zambon Sabina , Sartori Leonardo , Perissinotto Egle , Crepaldi Gaetano , Manzato Enzo , Sergi Giuseppe 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesAlthough involvement in childcare activities seems to promote better physical and mental health in older adults, its impact on cognitive status and depression has not yet been fully elucidated. We aimed to analyze the association between engagement in childcare activities and cognitive and psychological status over a 4.4‐year period in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsTwo thousand one hundred four subjects older than 65 years without severe cognitive impairment at baseline were categorized according to the frequency of their involvement in childcare activities (everyday, occasionally, never). The participants' cognitive status and depressive symptoms were evaluated at baseline and after 4.4 years.ResultsDuring the follow‐up, 269 (12.8%) new cases of cognitive impairment and 229 (10.9%) new cases of depression were registered. Men engaged in childcare showed an almost 20% lower risk of cognitive impairment and cognitive decline. Women demonstrated similar results, except for those occasionally involved in childcare, who had a higher risk of cognitive decline compared with women who never engaged in it. The risk of developing depression was reduced in men involved daily (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.30–0.62, p < 0.0001) and occasionally in childcare, who also demonstrated a lower risk of exacerbating depressive symptoms compared with subjects who never involved in it. The onset of depression was reduced in women occasionally engaged in childcare (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.56–0.82, p < 0.0001), but not significantly in those daily involved in it.ConclusionsInvolvement of older adults in childcare activities seems to lower the risk of cognitive impairment in both genders and to prevent onset or worsening of depression particularly in older men. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactions of Phosphate Metabolism With Serious Injury, Including Burns
Authors: Porter Craig , Sousse Linda E , Irick Ryan , Schryver Eric , Klein Gordon L 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTApproximately 85% of the body's phosphate pool resides within the skeleton. The remaining 15% is stored as high‐energy phosphates or in its free form, where it acts as a substrate for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Accordingly, phosphate plays a crucial role in energy metabolism. Trauma and critical illness result in a hypermetabolic state in which energy expenditure increases. The impact of trauma and critical illness on the body's phosphate stores and phosphate‐dependent metabolic reactions is poorly understood. We had previously observed that after severe burn trauma, increased energy expenditure is temporally related to a marked reduction in serum concentrations of both parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23, both of which have phosphaturic effects. The aim of this article is to describe as far as is known the similarities and differences in phosphate metabolism in different types of injury and to infer what these differences tell us about possible signaling pathways that may link increased phosphate utilization and phosphate retention. © 2017 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Recent changes in monthly surface air temperature over Peru, 1964–2014
Authors: Vicente‐Serrano Sergio M. , López‐Moreno Juan I. , Correa Kris , Avalos Grinia , Bazo Juan , Azorin‐Molina Cesar , Domínguez‐Castro Fernando , Kenawy Ahmed El , Gimeno Luis , Nieto Raquel 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis study assessed changes in the maximum and minimum surface air temperatures across Peru during the period 1964–2014. For this purpose, we employed the most complete records of air temperature series that were also subjected to a rigorous quality control and homogenization protocol. Based on the homogenized series, we created a monthly gridded data set of maximum and minimum air temperatures at a 5 × 5 km grid spacing. The results suggest a general warming trend in surface air temperature across Peru, albeit with clear spatial and seasonal variation. Our results also reveal some differences in the detectable trends between maximum and minimum air temperatures. Maximum air temperature trends mainly increased during the austral summer (DJF), but cold season minimum air temperature trends showed an opposite pattern, with the strongest warming being recorded in the austral winter (JJA). In addition, maximum air temperature trends exhibited a clear elevation‐warming dependency, with the strongest warming recorded at highly elevated sites. On the contrary, this dependency is weakened for minimum air temperature trends, as lower magnitudes of change and even a cooling trend were observed at high elevations during most months of the year. For mean air temperature trends, there are no clear spatial and temporal seasonal differences across Peru.
Penetrance estimate of LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation in individuals of non‐Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry
Authors: Lee Annie J. , Wang Yuanjia , Alcalay Roy N. , Mejia‐Santana Helen , Saunders‐Pullman Rachel , Bressman Susan , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Brice Alexis , Lesage Suzanne , Mangone Graziella , Tolosa Eduardo , Pont‐Sunyer Claustre , Vilas Dolores , Schüle Birgitt , Kausar Farah , Foroud Tatiana , Berg Daniela , Brockmann Kathrin , Goldwurm Stefano , Siri Chiara , Asselta Rosanna , Ruiz‐Martinez Javier , Mondragón Elisabet , Marras Connie , Ghate Taneera , Giladi Nir , Mirelman Anat , Marder Karen ,   for the Michael J. Fox LRRK2 Cohort Consortium
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundPenetrance estimates of the leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) p.G2019S mutation for PD vary widely (24%‐100%). The p.G2019S penetrance in individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry has been estimated as 25%, adjusted for multiple covariates. It is unknown whether penetrance varies among different ethnic groups. The objective of this study was to estimate the penetrance of p.G2019S in individuals of non‐Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry and compare penetrance between Ashkenazi Jews and non‐Ashkenazi Jews to age 80.MethodsThe kin‐cohort method was used to estimate penetrance in 474 first‐degree relatives of 69 non‐Ashkenazi Jewish LRRK2 p.G2019S carrier probands at 8 sites from the Michael J. Fox LRRK2 Cohort Consortium. An identical validated family history interview was administered to assess age at onset of PD, current age, or age at death for relatives in different ethnic groups at each site. Neurological examination and LRRK2 genotype of relatives were included when available.ResultsRisk of PD in non‐Ashkenazi Jewish relatives who carry a LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation was 42.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26.3%‐65.8%) to age 80, which is not significantly higher than the previously estimated 25% (95% CI: 16.7%‐34.2%) in Ashkenazi Jewish carrier relatives. The penetrance of PD to age 80 in LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation carrier relatives was significantly higher than the noncarrier relatives, as seen in Ashkenazi Jewish relatives.ConclusionsThe similar penetrance of LRRK2 p.G2019S estimated in Ashkenazi Jewish carriers and non‐Ashkenazi Jewish carriers confirms that p.G2019S penetrance is 25% to 42.5% at age 80 in all populations analyzed. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Botulinum toxin: State of the art
Authors: Jankovic Joseph 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBotulinun neurotoxin (BoNT) has emerged as one of the most multipurpose therapeutic agents in modern medicine with more clinical applications than any other drug currently on the market. Initially developed in the treatment of strabismus and neurologic movement disorders, the use of botulinun neurotoxin has been expanding during the past 3 decades to include the treatment of a variety of ophthalmologic, gastrointestinal, urologic, orthopedic, dermatologic, dental, secretory, painful, cosmetic, and other conditions. In addition to onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox), abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport), incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin), and RimabotulinumtoxinB (Myobloc or NeuroBloc) there are other novel botulinun neurotoxin products currently in development. With a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms of botulinun neurotoxin and advances in biotechnology, future botulinun neurotoxin products will likely be even more effective and customized to the specific indication and tailored to the needs of the patients. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Estimating missing hourly climatic data using artificial neural network for energy balance based ET mapping applications
Authors: Koksal Eyup Selim , Cemek Bilal , Cetin Sakine , Gowda Prasanna H. , Howell Terry A. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTRemote sensing based evapotranspiration (ET) mapping has become an important tool for water resources management at a regional scale. Accurate hourly climatic data and alfalfa‐reference ET (ETr) are crucial inputs for successfully implementing remote sensing based ET models such as Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) and Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL). In Turkey, hourly climatic data may not be available at all locations, either due to cost constraints or due to equipment malfunctioning. In this study, the artificial neural network (ANN) technique was used to estimate missing and unmeasured hourly climatic data and ETr for the agriculturally important semi‐humid Bafra plains located in northern Turkey. Modelled and actual climatic data were used to derive ET maps from two Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper images acquired on 2 September 2009 and 4 August 2010. The METRIC algorithm was used to generate ET maps. Accuracy assessment of the METRIC‐derived ET maps indicated that climatic data and ETr estimated through ANN could be used for accurately mapping ET, where hourly climatic data are missing or not measured.
Accuracy assessment of rainfall prediction by global models during the landfall of tropical cyclones in the North Indian Ocean
Authors: Bhomia Swati , Jaiswal Neeru , Kishtawal C. M. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe rainfall prediction accuracy of seven state‐of‐the‐art operational models during landfall (LF) of tropical cyclones formed in the North Indian Ocean was assessed. The rainfall predicted by these models 1–3 days (24–72 h) before the LF day of tropical cyclones was compared with TRMM_3B42 rainfall data. Cyclone induced rainfall occurs along its track; thus rainfall within 600 km along the cyclone track was used for comparison. The error in cyclone track prediction affects the rainfall prediction. This has been taken care of by shifting the rainfall distribution over the cyclone best track positions provided by the India Meteorological Department. The validation statistics for the rainfall prediction accuracy of the models were computed by combining the forecasts generated by these seven models during LF of nine cyclones formed in the North Indian Ocean during 2010–2013. The skill of the models was analysed using different rainfall validation measures/statistics. Based on these validation statistics it was found that, of the seven global models, the models from four centres, namely the National Center for Environment Prediction, the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts, the UK Meteorological Office and the Canadian Meteorological Centre, performed closer to the observations. However, there was no single model which was able to exhibit all the features of the observed rainfall.