bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doxorubicin caused severe hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, mediated by inhibition in AMPk signalling in skeletal muscle
Authors: de Lima Junior Edson Alves , Yamashita Alex Shimura , Pimentel Gustavo Duarte , De Sousa Luís G. O. , Santos Ronaldo Vagner T , Gonçalves Cinara Ludvig , Streck Emilio Luiz , de Lira Fábio Santos , Rosa Neto Jose Cesar 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundCancer is considered the second leading cause of death in the world, and for the treatment of this disease, pharmacological intervention strategies are frequently based on chemotherapy. Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents in clinical practice for treating a number of solid tumours. The treatment with DOX mimics some effects of cancer cachexia, such as anorexia, asthenia, decreases in fat and skeletal muscle mass and fatigue. We observed that treatment with DOX increased the systemic insulin resistance and caused a massive increase in glucose levels in serum. Skeletal muscle is a major tissue responsible for glucose uptake, and the positive role of AMPk protein (AMP‐activated protein kinase) in GLUT‐4 (Glucose Transporter type 4) translocation, is well established. With this, our aim was to assess the insulin sensitivity after treatment with DOX and involvement of AMPk signalling in skeletal muscle in this process.MethodsWe used Wistar rats which received a single dose of doxorubicin (DOX group) or saline (CT group) intraperitoneally at a dose of 15 mg/kg b.w. The expression of proteins involved in insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, inflammation, and activity of electron transport chain was assessed in extensor digitorum longus muscle, as well as the histological evaluation. In vitro assays were performed in L6 myocytes to assess glucose uptake after treatment with DOX. Agonist of AMPk [5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide (AICAR)] and the antioxidant n‐acetyl cysteine were used in L6 cells to evaluate its effect on glucose uptake and cell viability.ResultsThe animals showed a significant insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, and hyperinsulinemia. A decrease in the expression of AMKP and GLUT‐4 was observed in the extensor digitorum longus muscle. Also in L6 cells, DOX leads to a decrease in glucose uptake, which is reversed with AICAR.ConclusionsDOX leads to conditions similar to cachexia, with severe glucose intolerance both in vivo and in vitro. The decrease of AMPk activity of the protein is modulated negatively with DOX, and treatment with agonist of AMPk (AICAR) has proved to be a possible therapeutic target, which is able to recover glucose sensitivity in skeletal muscle.
Simultaneous adsorption of lead and aniline onto magnetically recoverable carbon: optimization, modeling and mechanism
Authors: Kakavandi Babak , Jonidi Jafari Ahmad , Rezaei Kalantary Roshanak , Nasseri Simin , Esrafili Ali , Gholizadeh Abdolmajid , Azari Ali 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDA magnetic Fe3O4/powder activated carbon (Fe3O4/PAC) composite was fabricated as a hybrid adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of Pb(II) and aniline (An) from synthetic wastewater. SEM, EDX, VSM, BET, TEM and XRD analyses were employed for composite characterization. Adsorption experiments in a batch mode were conducted through evaluation of the factors affecting the adsorption process (i.e. pH, contact time, different adsorbent and adsorbate concentrations, and temperature).RESULTSThe adsorption of both contaminants followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. According to the Langmuir isotherm the maximum Pb(II) and An sorption capacities at pH 6.0 were found to be 94.3 and 206.6 mg g−1, respectively. A comparative study on the performance of the adsorption process in both single and simultaneous systems revealed that the presence of Pb(II) and An together had synergistic effects on the adsorption efficiency. Moreover, the adsorbent performance in the presence of the two pollutants compared with each of them alone was not diminished.CONCLUSIONFe3O4/PAC shows simple and easy regeneration and good potential reusability, and its adsorption efficiency was preserved effectively even after four successive cycles of use. Fe3O4/PAC could be considered an excellent conducting material for the treatment of metal ions and organic pollutants. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Experimental assessment of the integration of in situ removal of ethanol by pervaporation with a simultaneous saccharification–fermentation process
Authors: Orozco‐González Natalia , Bustamante Felipe , Acosta‐Cárdenas Alejandro 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe effect of process integration in bioethanol productivity was experimentally evaluated by coupling an ethanol‐selective pervaporation module to a simultaneous saccharification–fermentation process (SSF). Ethanol concentration in the permeate stream and ethanol productivity were evaluated. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and silicalite, pure and composite multilayer membranes, supported on porous stainless steel disks, were synthesized and used. Selectivity tests were conducted using ethanol–water mixtures and fermentation broths (5–12 wt% ethanol).RESULTSMultilayer composite membranes showed the best performance among the membranes studied; separation factor, permeance and ethanol concentration in the permeate stream were 31.4, 5.39 kg m−2 h−1 bar−1 (959 gas permeation units (gpu)) and 81.77 wt%, and 26.5, 5.02 kg m−2 h−1 bar−1 (894 gpu) and 77.41 wt%, with model solutions (12.76 wt% ethanol) and actual fermentation broths (11.69 wt% ethanol), respectively. The coupled pervaporator–SSF system, using silicalite‐PDMS multilayer composite membranes, achieved ethanol concentrations in the permeate up to 71.53 wt% and an increase of 3% in productivity with respect to the SSF process without in situ removal of ethanol; permeance and separation factor in the coupled system were 3.25 kg m−2 h−1 bar−1 (578.4 gpu) and 24.8, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe integrated process improves bioreactor productivity and could reduce the energy penalty in the distillation process conventionally used in bioethanol production. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Management and valorisation of wastes through use in producing alkali‐activated cement materials
Authors: Bernal Susan A , Rodríguez Erich D , Kirchheim Ana Paula , Provis John L 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThere is growing global interest in maximising the re‐use and recycling of waste, to minimise the environmental impacts associated with waste treatment and disposal. Use of high‐volume wastes in the production of blended or novel cements (including alkali‐activated cements) is well known as a key pathway by which these wastes can be re‐used. This paper presents a critical overview of the urban, agricultural, mining and industrial wastes that have been identified as potential precursors for the production of alkali‐activated cement materials, or that can be effectively stabilised/solidified via alkali activation, to assure their safe disposal. The central aim of this review is to elucidate the potential advantages and pitfalls associated with the application of alkali‐activation technology to a wide variety of wastes that have been claimed to be suitable for the production of construction materials. A brief overview of the generation and characteristics of each waste is reported, accompanied by identification of opportunities for the use of alkali‐activation technology for their valorisation and/or management. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Rethinking Microfinance for Developed Countries
Authors: Pedrini Matteo , Bramanti Valentina , Minciullo Marco , Ferri Laura Maria 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDespite the growth of the sector, microfinance's academic research in developed countries is still very limited. The paper builds on earlier works, which discuss four technical problems related to the diffusion of microfinance in developing countries. In re‐framing their approach to apply it to developed countries, we propose a set of recommendations in order to foster the growth of the microfinance sector: (1) the use of financial institutions to supply microfinance products; (2) the development of an alternative credit scoring in banks; (3) the adoption of a regulatory framework for microfinance; and (4) the use of networks as social collaterals. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(trimethylene carbonate) as a carrier for rifampicin and vancomycin to target therapy‐recalcitrant staphylococcal biofilms
Authors: Kluin Otto S. , Busscher Henk J. , Neut Daniëlle , van der Mei Henny C. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTStandard antibiotic therapy in osteomyelitis patients is of limited value when methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), or small‐colony variants (SCV) are present. Far better results are obtained by local drug delivery of antibiotic combinations including rifampicin, using a suitable carrier. We therefore investigated release kinetics of antibiotics from biodegradable poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) and in vitro biofilm inhibition of MRSA, MRSE, and S. aureus SCV strains in the course of 24, 72, and 168 h treatment by PTMC, either unloaded, gentamicin‐loaded, loaded with rifampicin and fosfomycin, or rifampicin and vancomycin. PTMC appeared to be a suitable carrier for rifampicin alone or in combination with other antibiotics. Biofilm colony forming units and metabolic activity measurement (MTT assay) demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) inhibition for all strains when PTMC loaded with rifampicin and vancomycin was employed, especially after 168 h treatment. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images showed similar qualitative results. PTMC loaded with only gentamicin did not show any inhibition. This exemplifies that PTMC loaded with rifampicin and vancomycin holds promise for the treatment of recalcitrant osteomyelitis. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1828–1837, 2016.
Yield formation of five crop species under water shortage and differential potassium supply
Authors: Schilling Günther , Eißner Helmut , Schmidt Lothar , Peiter Edgar 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA long‐term field experiment on a Haplic Phaeozem, established 1949 with four levels of potassium (K) supply (5, 69, 133, and 261 kg K ha−1), was analyzed for the interaction between K supply and yield loss of five crop species by water shortage. The crop species were cultivated simultaneously side‐by‐side in the following rotation: potato (Solanum tuberosumL.), silage maize (Zea maysL.), spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), beet (Beta vulgarisL.), and spring barley (Hordeum vulgareL.). The treatment with 133 kg K ha−1supply had a nearly balanced K budget. In the treatments with lower supply, the soil delivered K from its mineral constituents. On the low‐K plots (especially on those with only 5 kg K ha−1), crops suffered yield depressions of nearly all main harvest products (cereal grains, potato tubers, beet storage roots, silage maize) and by‐products (straw, beet leaves) by up to 40.7% of dry matter. Only wheat grains were an exception. Potassium concentrations in the harvested plant parts decreased nearly in parallel to the reduction of their dry matter yields, with the exception of cereal grains, which kept stable concentrations even in the treatment with only 5 kg K ha−1. A comparison of four year‐pairs with differing levels of precipitation in yield‐relevant periods showed an average water shortage‐induced depression of dry matter yields by 19.7% in the main harvest products. The severity of this yield depression was not mitigated by elevated K supply, with the exception of beet leaves, where the dry matter production was stabilized by high K supply. In this crop, the reduction of storage‐root yield was associated with a decrease in harvest index and was therefore obviously caused by an inhibition of assimilate translocation from the leaves into these organs, in contrast to cereals, where water shortage primarily affected dry matter production in vegetative organs. It is concluded that the physiological causes of yield reduction by drought stress and the possibility of its amelioration by K supply differ between plant species and organs.
Optimizing the acceleration and resolution of three‐dimensional fat image navigators for high‐resolution motion correction at 7T
Authors: Gallichan Daniel , Marques José P. 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo investigate the effect of spatial resolution and parallel imaging acceleration factor on the quality of the motion estimates derived from image navigators with a three‐dimensional (3D) gradient‐recalled echo (GRE) acquisition with fat excitation (3D FatNavs) for neuroimaging at 7T.MethodsSix healthy subjects were scanned for 10 min, during which time repeated GRE volumes were acquired during small movements—alternating between fat and water excitations (WaterNavs)—allowing retrospective decimation of the data to simulate a variety of combinations of image resolution and acceleration factor. Bias and error in the motion estimates were then compared across navigator parameters.ResultsThe 2‐mm, 4 × 4 accelerated data (TRvolume = 1.2 s) provided motion estimates that were almost indistinguishable from those from the full original acquisition (2 mm, 2 × 2, TRvolume = 5.2 s). For faster navigators, it was found that good accuracy and precision were achievable with TRvolume = 144 ms, using a lower spatial resolution (4 mm, 6 × 6 acceleration) to avoid the bias observed at exceptionally high acceleration factors (8 × 8 or higher). Parameter estimates from WaterNavs and FatNavs showed close agreement with FatNavs, with better performance at exceptionally high acceleration factors.ConclusionOur data help to guide the parameter choice for 3D FatNavs when a compromise must be reached between the quality of the motion estimates and the available scan time. Magn Reson Med 77:547–558, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Stimulated echo diffusion weighted imaging of the liver at 3 Tesla
Authors: Zhang Hui , Sun Aiqi , Li Hongjun , Saiviroonporn Pairash , Wu Ed X. , Guo Hua 
Published: February 2016

PurposeDiffusion time (Δ) effect in diffusion measurements has been validated as a sensitive biomarker in liver fibrosis by rat models. To extend this finding to clinical study, a reliable imaging technique is highly desirable. This study aimed to develop an optimal stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) method dedicated to human liver imaging on 3 Tesla (T) and preliminarily investigate the dependence effect in healthy volunteers.MethodsSTEAM DWI with single‐shot echo planar imaging readout was used as it provided better signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) than spin echo DWI methods when a long Δ was needed for liver imaging. Additionally, a slice‐selection gradient reversal method was used for fat suppression. Motion compensation and SNR improvement strategies were used to further improve the image quality. Five b‐values with three Δs were tested in 10 volunteers.ResultsEffective fat suppression and motion compensation were reproducibly achieved in the optimized sequence. The signal decay generally became slower when the Δs increased. Obvious reduction of diffusion coefficients was observed with increasing Δs in the liver.ConclusionThe results verified the Δ dependence in diffusion measurements, indicating restricted diffusion in healthy human livers for the first time at 3T. This prepared STEAM DWI a potential technique for liver fibrotic studies in clinical practice. Magn Reson Med 77:300–309, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the equivalent static load method for flexible multibody systems described with a nonlinear finite element formalism
Authors: Tromme E. , Sonneville V. , Brüls O. , Duysinx P. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe equivalent static load (ESL) method is a powerful approach to solve dynamic response structural optimization problems. The method transforms the dynamic response optimization into a static response optimization under multiple load cases. The ESL cases are defined based on the transient analysis response whereupon all the standard techniques of static response optimization can be used. In the last decade, the ESL method has been applied to perform the structural optimization of flexible components of mechanical systems modeled as multibody systems (MBS). The ESL evaluation strongly depends on the adopted formulation to describe the MBS and has been initially derived based on a floating frame of reference formulation. In this paper, we propose a method to derive the ESL adapted to a nonlinear finite element approach based on a Lie group formalism for two main reasons. Firstly, the finite element approach is completely general to analyze complex MBS and is suitable to perform more advanced optimization problems like topology optimization. Secondly, the selected Lie group formalism leads to a formulation of the equations of motion in the local frame, which turns out to be a strong practical advantage for the ESL evaluation. Examples are provided to validate the proposed method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Brain–Computer Interface‐controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation Training on Shoulder Subluxation for Patients with Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jang Yun Young , Kim Tae Hoon , Lee Byoung Hee 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of brain–computer interface (BCI)‐controlled functional electrical stimulation (FES) training on shoulder subluxation of patients with stroke. Twenty subjects were randomly divided into two groups: the BCI‐FES group (n = 10) and the FES group (n = 10). Patients in the BCI‐FES group were administered conventional therapy with the BCI‐FES on the shoulder subluxation area of the paretic upper extremity, five times per week during 6 weeks, while the FES group received conventional therapy with FES only. All patients were assessed for shoulder subluxation (vertical distance, VD; horizontal distance, HD), pain (visual analogue scale, VAS) and the Manual Function Test (MFT) at the time of recruitment to the study and after 6 weeks of the intervention. The BCI‐FES group demonstrated significant improvements in VD, HD, VAS and MFT after the intervention period, while the FES group demonstrated significant improvements in HD, VAS and MFT. There were also significant differences in the VD and two items (shoulder flexion and abduction) of the MFT between the two groups. The results of this study suggest that BCI‐FES training may be effective in improving shoulder subluxation of patients with stroke by facilitating motor recovery. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Race‐Specific Influence of CYP4F2 on Dose and Risk of Hemorrhage Among Warfarin Users
Authors: Shendre Aditi , Brown Todd M. , Liu Nianjun , Hill Charles E. , Beasley T. Mark , Nickerson Deborah A. , Limdi Nita A. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveThe p.V433M in cytochrome P450 4F2 (rs2108622, CYP4F2*3) is associated with a higher warfarin dose and lower risk of hemorrhage among European Americans. We evaluate the influence of CYP4F2*3 on warfarin dose, time to target international normalized ratio (INR), and stable dose, proportion of time spent in target range (PTTR), as well as the risk of overanticoagulation and hemorrhage among European and African Americans.DesignCYP4F2*3 was genotyped in 1238 patients initiated on warfarin in a prospective inception cohort. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess warfarin dose and PTTR; proportional hazards analysis was performed to evaluate time to target INR and stable dose, overanticoagulation, and hemorrhage.SettingTwo outpatient anticoagulation clinics.ParticipantsA total of 1238 anticoagulated patients.OutcomesWarfarin dose (mg/day), time to target INR and stable dose, PTTR, overanticoagulation (INR more than 4), and major hemorrhage.ResultsMinor allele frequency for the CYP4F2*3 variant was 30.3% among European Americans and 8.4% among African Americans. CYP4F2*3 was associated with higher dose among European Americans but not African Americans. Compared to CYP4F2*1/*1, *1/*3 was associated with a statistically nonsignificant increase in dose (4.5%, p=0.22) and *3/*3 was associated with a statistically significant increase in dose (13.2%, p=0.02). CYP4F2 genotype did not influence time to target INR, time to stable dose, or PTTR in either race group. CYP4F2*3/*3 was associated with a 31% lower risk of over anticoagulation (p=0.06). Incidence of hemorrhage was lower among participants with CYP4F2 *3/*3 compared with *1/*3 or *1/*1 (incidence rate ratio = 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.14–1.11, p=0.09). After controlling for covariates, CYP4F2 *3/*3 was associated with a 52% lower risk of hemorrhage, although this was not statistically significant (p=0.24).ConclusionPossession of CYP4F2*3 variant influences warfarin dose among European Americans but not African Americans. The CYP4F2‐dose, CYP4F2‐overanticoagulation, and CYP4F2‐hemorrhage association follows a recessive pattern with possession of CYP4F2*3/*3 genotype likely demonstrating a protective effect. These findings need further confirmation.
Mixed Explosives and Determination of Their Detonation Parameters
Authors: Rybakov Anatoly P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA model of the effective characteristics of heterogeneous systems is given. The model is based on the methods of field theory of many bodies. The suitability of the given approach for a quantitative assessment of the characteristics of explosives and detonation is shown. In particular, two‐component mixtures of TNT/RDX and three‐component mixtures of aluminum with energetic materials are considered. The values of a few parameters (density, impact sensitivity, heat of explosion, detonation velocity) calculated by means of the proposed model agree satisfactorily with known experimental data.
Compatible Hamilton cycles in random graphs
Authors: Krivelevich Michael , Lee Choongbum , Sudakov Benny 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA graph is Hamiltonian if it contains a cycle passing through every vertex. One of the cornerstone results in the theory of random graphs asserts that for edge probability , the random graph G(n, p) is asymptotically almost surely Hamiltonian. We obtain the following strengthening of this result. Given a graph , an incompatibility system over G is a family where for every , the set Fv is a set of unordered pairs . An incompatibility system is Δ‐bounded if for every vertex v and an edge e incident to v, there are at most Δ pairs in Fv containing e. We say that a cycle C in G is compatible with if every pair of incident edges of C satisfies . This notion is partly motivated by a concept of transition systems defined by Kotzig in 1968, and can be used as a quantitative measure of robustness of graph properties. We prove that there is a constant such that the random graph with is asymptotically almost surely such that for any μnp‐bounded incompatibility system over G, there is a Hamilton cycle in G compatible with . We also prove that for larger edge probabilities , the parameter μ can be taken to be any constant smaller than . These results imply in particular that typically in G(n, p) for , for any edge‐coloring in which each color appears at most μnp times at each vertex, there exists a properly colored Hamilton cycle. Furthermore, our proof can be easily modified to show that for any edge‐coloring of such a random graph in which each color appears on at most μnp edges, there exists a Hamilton cycle in which all edges have distinct colors (i.e., a rainbow Hamilton cycle). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 49, 533–557, 2016