bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influencia de los pares en la manifestación del bullying en estudiantes de secundaria en Arequipa Metropolitana
Authors: Bellido Filiberto , Rivera Renzo , Salas Julio C. , Bellido Verónica , Peña Norma , Villasante Guillermo , Casapía Yesenia 
Published: February 2017

<p>El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el grado de influencia que ejerce la cercanía de los alumnos de secundaria con pares que transgreden normas, sobre el rol que asumen estos alumnos dentro del bullying (agresor, víctima o espectador) en el área metropolitana de la ciudad de Arequipa, teniendo en cuenta sexo y grado de instrucción. Se evaluó a 3979 estudiantes de educación secundaria de colegios estatales, privados y paraestatales de 19 distritos de la provincia de Arequipa, con edades comprendidas entre 11 y 19 años. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y de regresión lineal múltiple y logística binaria para modelar la asociación entre variables. Los resultados muestran una mayor tendencia de los varones hacia las conductas agresivas y a asumir roles de “bully”. La influencia de pares transgresores de normas favorece en mayor grado la práctica de roles de agresor o víctima. En cuanto a la frecuencia de bullying, existe una alta prevalencia de agresores y víctimas entre los encuestados, cercana a la mitad de la muestra, mientras que la otra parte corresponde a los espectadores ya sean estos reforzadores del bullying o prosociales.</p>
Los Inconscientes: una revisión bibliográfica y comparativa de diferentes miradas sobre el concepto
Authors: Hinojosa Adrian Jose , Vallejo Pablo Joaquin , Lema Marcela , Sajama Nilsen Ibrahim , Párraga Cristian , Barcat Abraham 
Published: February 2017

<p>Actualmente en el ámbito académico se suelen oponer las distintas corrientes en psicología sin profundizar en sus puntos de coincidencia. A raíz de esto, la presente investigación realiza una comparación del concepto inconsciente según: Sigmund Freud padre del Psicoanálisis; Milton Erickson influenciador del modelo Sistémico; y Manuel Froufe compilador e impulsor del inconsciente dentro del modelo Cognitivo.<br />La metodología fue de tipo documental, para lo cual se utilizaron textos extraídos de motores de búsqueda específicos de investigación tales como: Google Académico, Redalyc, Scielo, Proquest, y libros de divulgación de autores pertinentes a la temática.<br />Se pudo concluir que existe una diferencia en lo que respecta al ámbito en la cual se desarrolló el término, siendo clínico en Erickson y Freud y académico-experimental en Froufe. También es importante destacar que la popularidad del inconsciente es notable en Freud, en el caso de Erickson es menor comparativamente hablando, pero no ocurre lo mismo con el inconsciente cognitivo, debido a que su formulación es de reciente aparición y aún no cuenta con desarrollos clínicos, sino más bien experimentales. </p>
Modified magnetohydrodynamics model with wave turbulence: astrophysical applications
Authors: Kurbatov E P , Zhilkin A G , Bisikalo D V 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Modeling astrophysical flows in the framework of classical magnetohydrodynamics often encounters significant difficulties due to high (up to relativistic) Alfvén wave velocities. Such situations can arise in modeling the magnetosphere of planets and stars and accretion flows in polars, intermediate polars, and near-neutron stars. In a strongly magnetized plasma, wave turbulence can develop, which can significantly affect the energy balance and the forces determining the plasma dynamics. In this paper, a closed system of equations is obtained for modified magnetohydrodynamics with wave turbulence for a wide range of magnetic fields and turbulence energies. The turbulent flow is described as the sum of the mean flow and perturbations induced by relativistic Alfvén waves. Expressions are derived for the turbulence-induced body force, viscosity, and dissipative heating. An analysis of equations in certain limit cases is performed. It is shown that the proposed approach can be used for modeling a broad class of astrophysical plasma flows.
Nondiagonal cross-transport phenomena in a magnetic field
Authors: Maksimov L A , Mikheyenkov A V , Khabarova T V 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This brief paper supplements the review by A F Barabanov et al. (Physics–Uspekhi 58 446 (2015)) concerning the Hall and Righi–Leduc effects. Both effects are diagonal in the sense that the initial current perpendicular to the magnetic field and the transverse response (perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the initial current) are of the same nature (the electric current in the Hall effect and the heat current in the Righi–Leduc effect). We here take a similar perspective in discussing the nondiagonal Ettingshausen and Nernst effects, in which the transverse current is different in nature from the initial longitudinal one. A summary of transverse effects in a magnetic field is also given.
Contribution of human influence to increased daily precipitation extremes over China
Authors: Chen Huopo , Sun Jianqi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study provides an estimate of the human influence on increases in daily precipitation extremes over China using data sets from multiple coupled climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. The effects of human forcings can be detected in the observed changes of daily precipitation extremes, but the effects of external natural forcings as well as the aerosols are not detected using the optimal fingerprint methods. Estimation showed that human influence has increased daily precipitation extremes by approximately 13% (1% to 25% for 90% confidence interval) on average over China in recent decades. With further warming, human influences on precipitation extremes would be amplified. For a temperature increase of 1.5°C with respect to the preindustrial time, the occurrence probability of severe extremes is doubled, and approximately 51% of these events occurring over China are attributable to human influences. This fraction increases with temperature. Furthermore, the contributions of human influences are much stronger for the high‐percentile extremes, and the highest sensitivity of the changes in daily precipitation extremes due to human influences is observed in the region of the Tibetan Plateau in the southwest of China.
Snaring of the right ventricular lead during cavotricuspid isthmus ablation
Authors: Darrat Yousef H. , X. Gustavo Morales , Waespe Cristen Kelly , Gurley John C. , Elayi Claude S. 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessageThe presence of a right ventricular (RV) lead may interfere with cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation. We present a new option of lifting the RV lead from the CTI allowing a successful ablation of a CTI‐dependent flutter without compromising lead integrity and functionality.
Factors associated with the quality of life of family carers of people with dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Farina Nicolas , Page Thomas E. , Daley Stephanie , Brown Anna , Bowling Ann , Basset Thurstine , Livingston Gill , Knapp Martin , Murray Joanna , Banerjee Sube 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionFamily carers of people with dementia are their most important support in practical, personal, and economic terms. Carers are vital to maintaining the quality of life (QOL) of people with dementia. This review aims to identify factors related to the QOL of family carers of people with dementia.MethodsSearches on terms including “carers,” “dementia,” “family,” and “quality of life” in research databases. Findings were synthesized inductively, grouping factors associated with carer QOL into themes.ResultsA total of 909 abstracts were identified. Following screening, lateral searches, and quality appraisal, 41 studies (n = 5539) were included for synthesis. A total of 10 themes were identified: demographics; carer–patient relationship; dementia characteristics; demands of caring; carer health; carer emotional well‐being; support received; carer independence; carer self‐efficacy; and future.DiscussionThe quality and level of evidence supporting each theme varied. We need further research on what factors predict carer QOL in dementia and how to measure it.
Executive function, episodic memory, and Medicare expenditures
Authors: Bender Alex C. , Austin Andrea M. , Grodstein Francine , Bynum Julie P.W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionWe examined the relationship between health care expenditures and cognition, focusing on differences across cognitive systems defined by global cognition, executive function, or episodic memory.MethodsWe used linear regression models to compare annual health expenditures by cognitive status in 8125 Nurses' Health Study participants who completed a cognitive battery and were enrolled in Medicare parts A and B.ResultsAdjusting for demographics and comorbidity, executive impairment was associated with higher total annual expenditures of $1488 per person (P < .01) compared with those without impairment. No association for episodic memory impairment was found. Expenditures exhibited a linear relationship with executive function, but not episodic memory ($584 higher for every 1 standard deviation decrement in executive function; P < .01).DiscussionImpairment in executive function is specifically and linearly associated with higher health care expenditures. Focusing on management strategies that address early losses in executive function may be effective in reducing costly services.
The prevalence and effects of aspiration among neonates at the time of discharge
Authors: Karsch Emily , Irving Sharon Y. , Aylward Brandon S. , Mahle William T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundNeonates undergoing heart surgery for CHD are at risk for postoperative gastrointestinal complications and aspiration events. There are limited data regarding the prevalence of aspiration after neonatal cardiothoracic surgery; thus, the effects of aspiration events on this patient population are not well understood. This retrospective chart review examined the prevalence and effects of aspiration among neonates who had undergone cardiac surgery at the time of their discharge.IntroductionThis study examined the prevalence of aspiration among neonates who had undergone cardiac surgery. Demographic data regarding these patients were analysed in order to determine risk factors for postoperative aspiration. Post-discharge feeding routes and therapeutic interventions were extracted to examine the time spent using alternate feeding routes because of aspiration risk or poor caloric intake. Modified barium swallow study results were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the test as a diagnostic tool.Materials and methodsA retrospective study was undertaken of neonates who had undergone heart surgery from July, 2013 to January, 2014. Data describing patient demographics, feeding methods, and follow-up visits were recorded and compared using a χ2 test for goodness of fit and a Kaplan–Meier graph.ResultsThe patient population included 62 infants – 36 of whom were male, and 10 who were born with single-ventricle circulation. The median age at surgery was 6 days (interquartile range=4 to 10 days). Modified barium swallow study results showed that 46% of patients (n=29) aspirated or were at risk for aspiration, as indicated by laryngeal penetration. In addition, 48% (n=10) of subjects with a negative barium swallow or no swallow study demonstrated clinical aspiration events. Tube feedings were required by 66% (n=41) of the participants. The median time spent on tube feeds, whether in combination with oral feeds or exclusive use of a nasogastric or gastric tube, was 54 days; 44% (n=27) of patients received tube feedings for more than 120 days. Premature infants were significantly more likely to have aspiration events than infants delivered at full gestational age (OR p=0.002). Infants with single-ventricle circulation spent a longer time on tube feeds (median=95 days) than infants with two-ventricle defects (median=44 days); the type of cardiac defect was independent of prevalence of an aspiration event.ConclusionsAspiration is common following neonatal cardiac surgery. The modified barium swallow study is often used to identify aspiration events and to determine an infant’s risk for aspirating. This leads to a high proportion of infants who require tube feedings following neonatal cardiac surgery.
Comparative optical genome analysis of two pangolin species: Manis pentadactyla and Manis javanica
Authors: Zhihai Huang , Jiang Xu , Shuiming Xiao , Baosheng Liao , Yuan Gao , Chaochao Zhai , Xiaohui Qiu , Wen Xu , Shilin Chen 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background: The pangolin is a Pholidota mammal with large keratin scales protecting its skin. Two pangolin species (Manis pentadactyla and Manis javanica) have been recorded as critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. Optical mapping constructs high-resolution restriction maps from single DNA molecules for genome analysis at the megabase scale and to assist genome assembly. Here, we constructed restriction maps of M. pentadactyla and M. javanica using optical mapping to assist with genome assembly and analysis of these species.
Findings: Genomic DNA was nicked with Nt.BspQI and then labeled using fluorescently labeled bases that were detected by the Irys optical mapping system. In total, 3,313,734 DNA molecules (517.847 Gb) for M. pentadactyla and 3,439,885 DNA molecules (504.743 Gb) for M. javanica were obtained, which corresponded to approximately 178X and 177X genome coverage, respectively. Qualified molecules (≥150 kb with a label density of &gt;6 sites per 100 kb) were analyzed using the de novo assembly program embedded in the IrysView pipeline. We obtained two maps that were 2.91 Gb and 2.85 Gb in size with N50s of 1.88 Mb and 1.97 Mb, respectively.
Conclusions: Optical mapping reveals large-scale structural information that is especially important for non-model genomes that lack a good reference. The approach has the potential to guide de novo assembly of genomes sequenced using next-generation sequencing. Our data provide a resource for Manidae genome analysis and references for de novo assembly. This note also provides new insights into Manidae evolutionary analysis at the genome structure level.
A History of the Council of State Neurosurgical Societies
Authors: Zaidi Hasan A. , Tumialán Luis M. , Rosenow Joshua M. , Colen Chaim B. , Stroink Ann R. , Linskey Mark , Schirmer Clemens M. , Watridge Clarence 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
As neurological surgery evolved into its own subspecialty early in the 20th century, a need arose to create an environment for communication and education among those surgeons working in this burgeoning surgical discipline. As the socioeconomic climate in health care began to change in the United States, an unforeseen need arose that was outside the scope of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, and Society of Neurological Surgeons. The capacity to understand and address the evolving socioeconomic landscape and to offer a platform for advocacy required a new entity. Grassroots efforts of neurosurgeons at the state level ultimately yielded a formal organization of state neurosurgical societies to fill this void by recognizing, understanding, and addressing socioeconomic factors affecting the practice of neurological surgery. This formal organization became the Council of State Neurosurgical Societies (CSNS). The CSNS provides a forum in which state societies can meet to identify, understand, and advocate for policies on behalf of organized neurosurgery. The purpose of this paper is to detail the history of the formation of the CSNS. By understanding this history and the need for the development of the CSNS, it is hoped that its evolving role as a voice for neurological surgeons in the modern era of health care will be made clear.
Multiloculated Pyogenic Brain Abscess: Experience in 25 Patients
Authors: Su Thung-Ming , Lan Chu-Mei , Tsai Yu-Duan , Lee Tao-Chen , Lu Cheng-Hsien , Chang Wen-Neng 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To report our experience in treating multiloculated pyogenic brain abscess and determine whether there are differences in the bacteriology, predisposing factors, treatment choices, and outcomes between multiloculated and uniloculated brain abscesses.

METHODS
We studied clinical data collected during a 16-year period from 124 patients with pyogenic brain abscess, including 25 cases of multiloculated abscess.

RESULTS
The incidence of multiloculated brain abscess was 20%. In these 25 patients, hematogenous spread from a remote infectious focus was the most common cause of infection, as it was for the cases of uniloculated abscess. Headache and hemiparesis were the most common symptoms in patients with multiloculated abscess. In patients with uniloculated abscess, fever was the most common symptom. Viridans streptococci were the most commonly isolated pathogens. Bacteroides fragiliswas the most common anaerobe in multiloculated abscess, and aerobic gram-negative bacilli were the most common pathogens in patients with uniloculated abscess. Of the patients with multiloculated abscess, 21 were treated surgically and 4 were treated with antibiotics only. Overall, eight patients (38%) needed another operation because of abscess recurrence after the initial operation. In uniloculated abscess, the rate of abscess recurrence after initial surgery was 13.1%. Mortality was 16% in multiloculated abscess and 17.1% in uniloculated abscess.

CONCLUSION
Multiloculated abscesses accounted for 20% of our patients with pyogenic brain abscess. Excision seems to be the more appropriate surgical choice in multiloculated abscess. Prognosis for patients with multiloculated abscess can be as good as that for patients with uniloculated abscess. However, clinicians must carefully monitor these patients because the possibility of recurrence after surgery is significantly higher in patients with multiloculated abscess than in those with uniloculated abscess.
Stimulation of the Posterior Hypothalamus for Treatment of Chronic Intractable Cluster Headaches: First Reported Series
Authors: Franzini Angelo , Ferroli Paolo , Leone Massimo , Broggi Giovanni 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To describe the results of deep brain stimulation of the ipsilateral posterior hypothalamus for the treatment of drug-resistant chronic cluster headaches (CHs). A technique for electrode placement is reported.

METHODS
Because recent functional studies suggested hypothalamic dysfunction as the cause of CH bouts, we explored the therapeutic effectiveness of posterior hypothalamic stimulation for the treatment of CHs. Five patients with intractable chronic CHs were treated with long-term, high-frequency, electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus. Electrodes were stereotactically implanted in the following position: 3 mm behind the midcommissural point, 5 mm below the midcommissural point, and 2 mm lateral to the midline.

RESULTS
Since this treatment, all five patients continue to be pain-free after 2 to 22 months of follow-up monitoring. Two of the five patients have remained pain-free without any medication, whereas three of the five required low doses of methysergide (two patients) or verapamil (one patient). No adverse side effects of chronic, high-frequency, hypothalamic stimulation have been observed, and we have not encountered any acute complications resulting from the implant procedure. There have been no tolerance phenomena.

CONCLUSION
These preliminary results indicate a role for posterior hypothalamic stimulation, which was demonstrated to be safe and effective, in the treatment of drug-resistant chronic CHs. These data point to a central pathogenesis for chronic CHs.
Distinction between Paraclinoid and Cavernous Sinus Aneurysms with Computed Tomographic Angiography
Authors: Gonzalez L. Fernando , Walker Matthew T. , Zabramski Joseph M. , Partovi Shahram , Wallace Robert C. , Spetzler Robert F. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To examine the reliability of using the optic strut as a landmark in computed tomographic (CT) angiography, to differentiate between intradural and extradural (cavernous sinus) aneurysms involving the paraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA).

METHODS
Microanatomic dissections were performed with five cadaveric heads (10 sides), to establish the relationships of the optic strut to the cavernous sinus and the ICA. Results from these anatomic studies were compared with intraoperative and CT angiographic findings for four patients with nine intracranial aneurysms involving the paraclinoid segment of the ICA.

RESULTS
The inferior boundary of the optic strut accurately localized the point at which the ICA pierced the oculomotor membrane (proximal dural ring) and exited the cavernous sinus. The optic strut and its relationship to the ICA could be well observed on CT angiograms. During surgery, six of six aneurysms that arose distal to the optic strut were identified intradurally and were successfully clipped. Conversely, all aneurysms that arose proximal to the optic strut were observed to lie within the cavernous sinus. An aneurysm at the optic strut was within the clinoid segment or interdural, between the proximal and distal rings.

CONCLUSION
The optic strut, as identified with CT angiography, provided a reliable anatomic landmark for accurate discrimination between intradural and extradural (cavernous sinus) aneurysms.
Trigeminal Neuralgia Associated with a Primitive Trigeminal Artery Variant: Case Report
Authors: Tamura Yoji , Shimano Hiroshi , Kuroiwa Toshihiko , Miki Yoshihito 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE
A variant type of the primitive trigeminal artery (PTA) is a rare anomalous vessel that originates from the internal carotid artery and directly supplies the territory of the anteroinferior cerebellar artery and/or the superior cerebellar artery. We report a case of trigeminal neuralgia associated with this PTA variant, and we discuss the characteristics of this vessel.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 51-year-old woman presented with a 10-year history of left paroxysmal facial pain. Magnetic resonance angiography and cerebral angiography demonstrated that an aberrant vessel originating from the left internal carotid artery directly supplied the cerebellum, without a basilar artery anastomosis.

INTERVENTION
Surgical exploration was performed via a left retrosigmoid approach. A loop of the aberrant vessel, which entered the posterior fossa through the isolated dural foramen, was compressing the trigeminal nerve. This aberrant vessel was displaced medially from the nerve with a prosthesis, with care to avoid kinking and avulsion of the perforating arteries. The patient's neuralgia resolved postoperatively.

CONCLUSION
Although the PTA variant is frequently associated with intracranial aneurysms, it is extremely rare for the variant to lead to trigeminal neuralgia. During microvascular decompression surgery, surgeons should be careful to prevent injury of the perforating arteries arising from the PTA variant.