bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors to affect improvement in cyber officer performance
Authors: Helkala Kirsi , Knox Benjamin , Jøsok Øyvind , Knox Silje , Lund Mass 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate how motivation – gained by understanding the purpose of specific cyber-oriented tasks – coping strategies and level of physical conditioning can affect cognitive abilities amongst cyber officer cadets.

Design/methodology/approach
Two cognitive tests (2014 and 2015) and coping strategy questionnaires (2015) were conducted during an annual military exercise involving increased levels of stress and hardship (physical and cognitive) over a sustained two-week period.

Findings
Motivation – gained by task explanations – and the conscious use of the “control” strategy can have a positive effect on individual performance in cyber tasks.

Research limitations/implications
The participants were all young adults with higher-than-average levels of physical fitness. From the outset, all participants were highly motivated and disciplined having entered cyber officer training after successfully completing a thorough selection process.

Practical implications
The results of this study are to be better implemented to the activities at the military academy.

Social implications
The closest civilian occupational equivalent is a computer network operations (CNO)-operator. The findings could be implemented into their daily work routines.

Originality/value
Cognitive tests used in this study are based on recognized general cognitive tests. However, modifications were made to suit the cyber task context, making the test original. The cyber officer is a contemporary concept currently lacking research.
Attention and past behavior, not security knowledge, modulate users’ decisions to login to insecure websites
Authors: Kelley Timothy , Bertenthal Bennett I. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Modern browsers are designed to inform users as to whether it is secure to login to a website, but most users are not aware of this information and even those who are sometimes ignore it. This study aims to assess users’ knowledge of security warnings communicated via browser indicators and the likelihood that their online decision-making adheres to this knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach
Participants from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk visited a series of secure and insecure websites and decided as quickly and as accurately as possible whether it was safe to login. An online survey was then used to assess their knowledge of information security.

Findings
Knowledge of information security was not necessarily a good predictor of decisions regarding whether to sign-in to a website. Moreover, these decisions were modulated by attention to security indicators, familiarity of the website and psychosocial stress induced by bonus payments determined by response times and accuracy.

Practical implications
Even individuals with security knowledge are unable to draw the necessary conclusions about digital risks when browsing the web. Users are being educated through daily use to ignore recommended security indicators.

Originality/value
This study represents a new way to entice participants into risky behavior by monetizing both speed and accuracy. This approach could be broadly useful as a way to study risky environments without placing participants at risk.
Comparing the information security culture of employees who had read the information security policy and those who had not
Authors: Da Veiga Adéle 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This study aims, firstly, to determine what influence the information security policy has on the information security culture by comparing the culture of employees who read the policy to those who do not, and, secondly, whether a stronger information security culture is embedded over time if more employees have read the information security policy.

Design/methodology/approach
An empirical study is conducted at four intervals over eight years across 12 countries using a validated information security culture assessment (ISCA) questionnaire.

Findings
The overall information security culture average scores as well as individual statements for all four survey assessments were significantly more positive for employees who had read the information security policy compared with employees who had not. The overall information security culture also improved from one assessment to the next.

Research limitations/implications
The information security culture should be measured and benchmarked over time to monitor change and identify and prioritise actions to improve the information security culture. If employees read the information security policy, it has a positive influence on the information security culture of an organisation.

Practical implications
Organisations should ensure that employees have read the information security policy to aid in minimising the human risk, related errors and incidents and, ultimately, to instil a stronger information security culture with a higher level of compliant behaviour.

Originality/value
This research confirms theoretical research indicating that the information security policy could influence the information security culture positively. It provides novel and statistical evidence illustrating that if employees read the information security policy, they have a stronger information security culture and that the culture can be improved through targeted interventions using an ISCA.
Information technology and diffusion in the New Zealand public health sector
Authors: Nath Nirmala , Hu YuanYuan , Budge Chris 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the influential agents that led to the successful acceptance and diffusion of the Concerto clinical workstation at the Northern District Health Board.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper draws on Rogers’ diffusion of innovation theory to interpret and analyse the factors that enabled acceptance and successful implementation of the innovative Concerto clinical workstation.

Findings
The authors conclude that human factors (clinicians) and non-human factors (the software package) simultaneously influenced the ready acceptance of the innovation. The reason for the positive acceptance and full diffusion of Concerto as compared to iHealth is the increased functionality it offers and its ability to provide clinicians with comprehensive patient records over a period of time, which assists in making informed decisions regarding the treatment, discharge, hospitalisation and recommendations for the future well-being of patients.

Research limitations/implications
The study focused on only one district health board (DHB); therefore, the outcomes may not be representative of all DHBs.

Practical implications
The study has practical implications for clinicians, DHB members and public health regulators. The outcomes illuminate the “agents” that positively influenced the diffusion of Concerto. The regulators and the DHBs can use this as a benchmark to determine how to lead the successful diffusion of information technology (IT) innovation in the public health sector.

Social implications
The impact on society is evident in the paper, as the use of an innovation, such as Concerto, saves time taken by clinicians to make more informed decisions regarding their patient care.

Originality/value
This study contributes to new knowledge by investigating the diffusion process of IT innovation with an intention of establishing the factors that enabled this process.
The social consequences of control: accounting for indentured labour in Fiji 1879-1920
Authors: Sharma Umesh , Irvine Helen 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This is a study of the social consequences of accounting controls over labour. This paper aims to examine the system of tasking used to control Indian indentured workers in the historical context of Fijian sugar plantations during the British colonial period from 1879 to 1920.

Design/methodology/approach
Archival data consisting of documents from the Colonial Secretary’s Office, reports and related literature on Indian indentured labour were accessed from the National Archives of Fiji. In addition, documented accounts of the experiences of indentured labourers over the period of the study gave voice to the social costs of the indenture system, highlighting the social impact of accounting control systems.

Findings
Accounting and management controls were developed to extract surplus value from Indian labour. The practice of tasking was implemented in a plantation structure where indentured labourers were controlled hierarchically. This resulted in their exploitation and consequent economic, social and racial marginalisation.

Research limitations/implications
Like all historical research, our interpretation is limited by the availability of archival documents and the theoretical framework chosen to examine these documents.

Practical implications
The study promotes a better understanding of the practice and impact of accounting controls within a particular institutional setting, in this case the British colony of Fiji.

Social implications
By highlighting the social implications of accounting controls in their historical context, we alert corporations, government policy makers, accountants and workers to the socially damaging effects of exploitive management control systems.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to the growing body of literature highlighting the social effects of accounting control systems. It exposes the social costs borne by indentured workers employed on Fijian sugar plantations.
Optimal space filling for additive manufacturing
Authors: Kapil Sajan , Joshi Prathamesh , Yagani Hari Vithasth , Rana Dhirendra , Kulkarni Pravin Milind , Kumar Ranjeet , Karunakaran K.P. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
In additive manufacturing (AM) process, the physical properties of the products made by fractal toolpaths are better as compared to those made by conventional toolpaths. Also, it is desirable to minimize the number of tool retractions. The purpose of this study is to describe three different methods to generate fractal-based computer numerical control (CNC) toolpath for area filling of a closed curve with minimum or zero tool retractions.

Design/methodology/approach
This work describes three different methods to generate fractal-based CNC toolpath for area filling of a closed curve with minimum or zero tool retractions. In the first method, a large fractal square is placed over the outer boundary and then rest of the unwanted curve is trimmed out. To reduce the number of retractions, ends of the trimmed toolpath are connected in such a way that overlapping within the existing toolpath is avoided. In the second method, the trimming of the fractal is similar to the first method but the ends of trimmed toolpath are connected such that the overlapping is found at the boundaries only. The toolpath in the third method is a combination of fractal and zigzag curves. This toolpath is capable of filling a given connected area in a single pass without any tool retraction and toolpath overlap within a tolerance value equal to stepover of the toolpath.

Findings
The generated toolpath has several applications in AM and constant Z-height surface finishing. Experiments have been performed to verify the toolpath by depositing material by hybrid layered manufacturing process.

Research limitations/implications
Third toolpath method is suitable for the hybrid layered manufacturing process only because the toolpath overlapping tolerance may not be enough for other AM processes.

Originality/value
Development of a CNC toolpath for AM specifically hybrid layered manufacturing which can completely fill any arbitrary connected area in single pass while maintaining a constant stepover.
Theoretical and experimental study on surface roughness of 316L stainless steel metal parts obtained through selective laser melting
Authors: Wang Di , Liu Yang , Yang Yongqiang , Xiao Dongming 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical foundation for improving the selective laser melting (SLM) surface roughness. To improve the part’s surface quality during SLM process, the upper surface roughness of SLM parts was theoretically studied and the influencing factors were analyzed through experiments.

Design/methodology/approach
The characteristics of single track were first investigated, and based on the analysis of single track, theoretical value of the upper surface roughness would be calculated. Two groups of cubic sample were fabricated to validate SLM parts’ surface roughness, the Ra and relative density of all the cubic parts was measured, and the difference between theoretical calculation and experiment results was studied. Then, the effect of laser energy density on surface roughness was studied. At last, the SLM part’s surface was improved by laser re-melting method. At the end of this paper, the curved surface roughness was discussed briefly.

Findings
The SLM upper surface roughness is affected by the width of track, scan space and the thickness of powder layer. Measured surface roughness Ra value was about 50 per cent greater than the theoretical value. The laser energy density has a great influence on the SLM fabrication quality. Different laser energy density corresponds to different fabricating characteristics. This study divided the SLM fabrication into not completely melting zone, balling zone in low energy density, successfully fabricating zone and excessive melting zone. The laser surface re-melting (LSR) process can improve the surface roughness of SLM parts greatly without considering the fabricating time and stress accumulation.

Originality/value
The upper surface roughness of SLM parts was theoretically studied, and the influencing factors were analyzed together; also, the LSR process was proven to be effective to improve the surface quality. This study provides a theoretical foundation to improve the surface quality of SLM parts to promote the popularization and application of metal additive manufacturing technology.
Study on shrinkage behaviour of laser sintered PA 3200GF specimens using RSM and ANN
Authors: Negi Sushant , Sharma Rajesh Kumar 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of process parameters that have a significant effect on the shrinkage behaviour of laser-sintered PA 3200GF specimens.

Design/methodology/approach
A five-factor, three-level and face-centred central composite design was used to collect data, and two methods, namely, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used for predicting shrinkage. Sensitivity analysis based on the developed empirical equations has been carried out to determine the most significant parameter, which contributes the most to control shrinkage. In addition, a comparative analysis has also been performed for the results obtained by RSM and ANN.

Findings
The results revealed that part bed temperature, scan speed and scan spacing are the three dominant parameters, which have a great influence on shrinkage. Strong interactions between laser power-scan spacing, laser power-scan length and scan speed-scan spacing have been observed. Through sensitive analysis, it is observed that shrinkage is more sensitive to the scan speed variations than other four process parameters.

Practical implications
This study can be used as a guide, and the demonstrated results will provide a good technical database to the different additive manufacturing users of various industries such as automobile, aerospace and medical.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to report the shrinkage behaviour of laser-sintered PA 3200GF parts fabricated under different sintering conditions.
Mechanical properties of urethane diacrylate/bamboo powder composite fabricated by rapid prototyping system
Authors: Chiu Shih-Hsuan , Ivan Ivan , Wu Cheng-Lung , Chen Kun-Ting , Wicaksono Sigit Tri , Takagi Hitoshi 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Stereolithography is a well-established technique for producing complex part for rapid prototyping purpose by using UV or laser as a source for curing process. This technique has been implemented in a lot of industrial sectors. However, the parts fabricated by this technique exhibit low mechanical and thermal properties hindering a fast-growing application. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new method of digital light rapid prototyping (DLRP) system and investigate the effect of the addition of bamboo fiber with surface modification on improvement of mechanical properties of urethane diacrylate/bamboo composite.

Design/methodology/approach
Test specimens were fabricated using aliphatic urethane diacrylate photopolymer as matrix material and bamboo fiber as reinforce material. Adhesion between matrix and reinforce materials is a big issue in compositing, especially when handling bamboo as hydrophilic material and urethane diacrylate as hydrophobic material. To overcome this problem, two surface modifications of bamboo fiber, alkali treatment and silane treatment, were implemented.

Findings
As a result, bamboo fiber can increase mechanical properties of urethane diacrylate photopolymer fabricated by rapid prototyping system.

Originality/value
In this paper, the authors investigate the effect of the addition of bamboo powder with surface modification on mechanical properties. Test specimens were fabricated using aliphatic urethane diacrylate photopolymer as matrix material and bamboo powder as reinforce material.
Process optimization of single screw extruder for development of Nylon 6-Al-Al2O3 alternative FDM filament
Authors: Boparai Kamaljit Singh , Singh Rupinder , Singh Harwinder 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the process parameters of a single-screw extruder for development of Nylon6-Al-Al2O3-based alternative fused deposition modeling process (FDM) feedstock filament (in lieu of commercial acrylonitrile butadiene styrene filament). The effect of major screw extruder parameters on the tensile strength of fabricated filaments has also been analyzed.

Design/methodology/approach
The Taguchi experimental log has been designed for investigating the significance of input parameters of screw extruders (such as mean barrel temperature, die temperature, screw speed, material composition and speed of take up unit) on the tensile strength of fabricated filaments. The suitability of alternative material as an FDM filament has been verified by rheological investigations. The tensile strength of an alternative feedstock filament has been investigated experimentally according to the ASTM-638 standard. The analysis was performed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method with the help of MINITAB 17 software. The stiffness of the FDM printed parts with nine different feedstock filaments (prepared by selecting nine different combinations of analytical parameters) was determined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).

Findings
The tensile strength of the feedstock filament was significantly affected by the variation of major input parameters during the processing of alternative material on a single-screw extruder. The ANOVA shows that two process parameters (namely, material composition and die temperature) were significant at the 5 per cent level (“F” value 41 and 21.96, respectively) and remaining two (mean barrel temperature and screw speed) were insignificant at the 5 per cent level. Further, a linear regression model has been developed to predict the tensile strength of the alternative feedstock FDM filament. The results highlight that a deviation of <1 per cent was observed (in the tensile strength of nine sets of experimental runs) as compared to the predicted values of the regression model. In addition to above, the DMA result also indicates that the filament fabricated with optimum combination of parameters has highest stiffness and is more suitable for the FDM system.

Research limitations/implications
During the processing of alternative material in a single-screw extruder and FDM system, the increase of filler contents adversely affects the contact surfaces.

Practical implications
The FDM parts with customized properties (viz., thermal and tribological) can be fabricated with alternative feedstock filament material.

Originality/value
The potential to consider alternative filament material for FDM system includes rapid manufacturing of functional parts, tailor-made grinding tools for dentists and rapid tooling of metal matrix composites having complex geometry.
Latitude delineates patterns of biogeography in terrestrial Streptomyces
Authors: Choudoir Mallory J. , Doroghazi James R. , Buckley Daniel H. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe biogeography of Streptomyces was examined at regional spatial scales to identify factors that govern patterns of microbial diversity. Streptomyces are spore forming filamentous bacteria which are widespread in soil. Streptomyces strains were isolated from perennial grass habitats sampled across a spatial scale of more than 6000 km. Previous analysis of this geographically explicit culture collection provided evidence for a latitudinal diversity gradient in Streptomyces species. Here the hypothesis that this latitudinal diversity gradient is a result of evolutionary dynamics associated with historical demographic processes was evaluated. Historical demographic phenomena have genetic consequences that can be evaluated through analysis of population genetics. Population genetic approaches were applied to analyze population structure in six of the most numerically abundant and geographically widespread Streptomyces phylogroups from our culture collection. Streptomyces population structure varied at regional spatial scales, and allelic diversity correlated with geographic distance. In addition, allelic diversity and gene flow are partitioned by latitude. Finally, it was found that nucleotide diversity within phylogroups was negatively correlated with latitude. These results indicate that phylogroup diversification is constrained by dispersal limitation at regional spatial scales, and they are consistent with the hypothesis that historical demographic processes have influenced the contemporary biogeography of Streptomyces.
RNA‐seq analyses reveal insights into the function of respiratory nitrate reductase of the diazotroph Herbaspirillum seropedicae
Authors: Bonato Paloma , Batista Marcelo B. , Camilios‐Neto Doumit , Pankievicz Vânia C. S. , Tadra‐Sfeir Michelle Z. , Monteiro Rose Adele , Pedrosa Fabio O. , Souza Emanuel M. , Chubatsu Leda S. , Wassem Roseli , Rigo Liu Un 
Published: June 2016

SummaryHerbaspirillum seropedicae is a nitrogen‐fixing β‐proteobacterium that associates with roots of gramineous plants. In silico analyses revealed that H. seropedicae genome has genes encoding a putative respiratory (NAR) and an assimilatory nitrate reductase (NAS). To date, little is known about nitrate metabolism in H. seropedicae, and, as this bacterium cannot respire nitrate, the function of NAR remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the function of NAR in H. seropedicae and how it metabolizes nitrate in a low aerated‐condition. RNA‐seq transcriptional profiling in the presence of nitrate allowed us to pinpoint genes important for nitrate metabolism in H. seropedicae, including nitrate transporters and regulatory proteins. Additionally, both RNA‐seq data and physiological characterization of a mutant in the catalytic subunit of NAR (narG mutant) showed that NAR is not required for nitrate assimilation but is required for: (i) production of high levels of nitrite, (ii) production of NO and (iii) dissipation of redox power, which in turn lead to an increase in carbon consumption. In addition, wheat plants showed an increase in shoot dry weight only when inoculated with H. seropedicae wild type, but not with the narG mutant, suggesting that NAR is important to H. seropedicae‐wheat interaction.