bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shear stress measurement of flat plate in incompressible flow based on deformed viscous liquid in cavity
Authors: Zhao Xinhai , Wang Wanbo , Qin Chen , Pan Jiaxin , Sun Qixiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This paper introduces an innovative technique for measuring surface shear stress on a flat plate in incompressible flow, utilizing viscous fluid deformation within a cylindrical cavity. Skin friction forces were initially captured using both hot-wire anemometry and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations across various incoming flow speeds. Thereafter, experiments were conducted in a low-speed closed-circuit wind tunnel to measure viscous fluid deformation using a camera mounted above the wind tunnel test section and a background point at the bottom of the cylindrical cavity. The deformation was quantified by measuring the deflection angle of a light beam passing through the center of the cylindrical cavity containing the viscous liquid. Assuming a fixed proportional relationship between friction and form resistance, the correlation between the deflection angle and shear stress was analyzed, resulting in an exponential fitting formula. Results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits excellent repeatability, offering an approach for surface shear stress measurement in aerodynamic applications.
Unlocking the Hidden Forces: Deformation and associated Stress Distribution in the present-day Geneva Basin and Jura Fold-and- Thrust Belt
Authors: Borderie Sandra , Mosar Jon , Marro Adeline , Hauvette Louis 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In foreland fold-and-thrust belts, the distribution of deformation and of the associated stress field can notably be perturbated due to local-scale features such as tectonic structures or surface topography. In the frame of geothermal exploration in the Geneva Basin, constraining possible future deformation in the area and the associated state of stress is of particular interest. If current seismicity indicates that the Geneva Basin is tectonically active, few data regarding the state of stress in the area are currently available.
The goal of this study is to understand under which conditions deformation could localise in the study area, by using numerical modelling. In a first regional part of the study, we investigate the impact of the friction along the basal décollement on the deformation and on the stress field along a 2D section. Knowing the weak décollement property in the area, results indicate that future deformation is more likely to localise in the Geneva Basin or at the frontal part of the Jura fold-and-thrust belt. Localisation of deformation depends more on surface topography rather than on décollement geometry. The décollement geometry influences the presence of stress concentrations, which could lead to weakness zones within the section.
In the second part of the study, we used a simplified prototype section based on interpretation of a seismic survey in the Geneva Basin. The impact of friction along the inherited faults on incipient deformation was investigated. Results indicate that existing faults can be reactivated by decreasing their friction angle. In the Geneva Basin, the Humilly Fault is the less likely to be reactivated, due to its orientation, compared to the Reculet and Salève thrusts. The distance to criticality is thus strongly determined by the internal structure of the considered prototype, the frictional properties, and orientations of the existing faults. In the case where deformation localises in the Geneva Basin, the differential stress distribution depends on the décollement friction and geometry, and of the friction along the existing faults.
Drive Test Route Optimization in Mobile Networks
Authors: Nazari Ali , Fallah Mostafa , Taheri Mohammad Javad , Diyanat Abolfazl 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In order to design the RAN of a mobile network, it is crucial to predict the necessary cells and position base stations accurately. This process requires continuous monitoring to optimize network quality and coverage, considering environmental changes and user consumption patterns. One common technique for gathering data on network performance across different geographic areas is drive testing, which involves traveling through all the points on a designated map, including streets and pathways, to evaluate network performance. Operators use the data collected through this method to improve mobile networks. However, this process can be costly and time-consuming for network operators. This paper proposes a more cost-effective method for optimizing data collection during drive tests in mobile networks. The proposed method involves identifying a shorter route for data collection, allowing for acquiring regions with poor RSRP in specific locations, thereby reducing costs. Additionally, this paper introduces a criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of a drive testing route. The proposed route, along with the introduced criterion, has been evaluated using real drive test data.
Potential effects of inulin as a dietary supplement on immunity, antioxidant and intestinal health of spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Quan Fuqiang , Wang Xiujuan , Huang Zhangfan , Zhou Sishun , Ma Jianrong , Kong Lumin , Liu Longhui Longhui , Zhao Yunting , Zhao Yanbo , Lin Yi , Lin Hao , Li ZhongBao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of inulin on immune capacity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microflora in spotted sea bass fed a high-fat diet. A total of 360 juveniles were randomly assigned into six groups with three replicates per group and twenty fish per replicate. The six groups included a CK (Calvin Klein) group fed a normal fat diet, a group fed a high-fat diet (HF), and four groups fed a high-fat diet supplemented with 0.5% (G1), 1% (G2), 1.5% (G3), and 2% (G4) inulin, respectively. The experiment lasted for ten weeks. The results indicated that consumption of a high-fat diet resulted in oxidative stress injury, decreased immunity, abnormal intestinal histopathology, and an imbalance in intestinal flora in spotted sea bass compared to the CK group. However, compared to the HF group, supplementation with inulin significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity while decreasing malondialdehyde content. Notably, supplementation at 1.5% also led to significant increases in Complement 3 (C3) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels while improving intestinal tissue morphology. Furthermore, phylum-level analysis revealed that Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the main bacterial groups found within the intestines of spotted sea bass. In terms of genus-level identification, Muribaculaceae, Citrobacte and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 were identified as dominant bacterial groups. The abundances of Bacteroidetes and Muribaculaceae in the inulin group initially increased but then decreased with increasing supplementation amounts.
Mechanisms of Tecovirimat Antiviral Activity and Poxvirus Resistance
Authors: Vernuccio Riccardo , León Alejandro Martínez , Poojari Chetan , Buchrieser Julian , Selverian Christopher , Jaleta Yakin , Meola Annalisa , Guivel-Benhassine Florence , Porrot Françoise , Haouz Ahmed , Chevreuil Maelenn , Raynal Bertrand , Mercer Jason , SIMON-LORIERE Etienne , Chandran Kartik , Schwartz Olivier , Hub Jochen , Guardado-Calvo Pablo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Mpox is a zoonotic disease endemic in central and west Africa. However, since 2022, human-adapted mpox virus (MPXV) strains are causing large outbreaks spreading outside these regions, leading the World Health Organization to declare public health emergency twice. Tecovirimat, the most widely used drug to treat these infections, blocks viral egress through a poorly understood mechanism. Tecovirimat-resistant strains, all with mutations in the viral phospholipase F13, pose public health concerns. Herein, we report the structure of an F13 homodimer, both alone and in complex with tecovirimat. We demonstrate that tecovirimat acts as a molecular glue, inducing the dimerization of the phospholipase. F13 escape mutations in MPXV clinical isolates are at the dimer interface and prevent drug-induced dimerization in solution and cells. These findings, which decipher tecovirimat's mode of action, will allow better monitoring of poxvirus outbreaks and pave the way for developing more potent and resilient therapeutics.
Social experience is associated with a differential role of aromatase neurons in sexual behavior and territorial aggression in male mice
Authors: Trives Elliott , Porte Chantal , Nakahara Thiago Seike , Keller Matthieu , Vacher Hélène , Chamero Pablo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aromatase (Aro+) neurons located in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis (BNST) are crucial for the display of both sexual behavior and territorial aggression in naive male mice. However, little is known about how Aro + neuron circuitry is influenced by social experience. Using a combination of chemogenetics, activity mapping and retrograde viral tracing we show that social experience modulates Aro + neurons during sexual behavior and territorial aggression. Chemogenetic inhibition of BNST Aro + neurons in socially experienced male mice revealed that these neurons are required for territorial aggression, but not for sexual behavior. Behavior testing in experienced animals showed a specific increase in activation in the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and the Medial Amygdala (MeA) after sexual behavior but not territorial aggression, assessed by Egr1 expression. We also observed an increase of Egr1 cells in the medial Preoptic Area (mPOA), a brain region implicated in the display of sexual behavior. Combined retrograde viral tracing and Egr1 immunodetection showed that a subset of the activated cells in the MeA are Aro + neurons projecting to the mPOA. These results highlight that social experience induces a differential neural activity in the circuitry controlling sexual behavior and aggression, which include MeA Aro + neurons projecting to the mPOA.
Trends and cross-country disparity in the burden of COVID-19 between 2020 and 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Chen Qiuying , Pan Lanyue , Zhan Yuan , Chen Lili , Chen Liyuan , Zeng Yulan , Huang Jiaquan , Chen Huilong , Zeng Zhilin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to extensive repercussions on global health and economic systems. In this study, we aim to provide an analysis of global, national, and regional COVID-19 incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for the years of 2020 and 2021.
Methods
Data on COVID-19 incidence, DALYs, and mortality were derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The data were carefully estimated and presented in both numerical values and age-standardized rates (ASRs) per 100,000 individuals, inclusive of 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). The study further stratified the COVID-19 burden by age, gender, sociodemographic index (SDI), and health system infrastructure. Additionally, the correlation between ASR and SDI was examined.
Findings
There were marked disparities in the COVID-19 burden across various countries and regions in 2020 and 2021. Globally, the number and ASR of incidence, DALYs and death showed an increasing trend from 2020 to 2021, particularly in regions with lower SDI and less robust healthcare systems. Men exhibited higher numbers and ASRs of DALYs and death. The elderly experienced higher DALYs and mortality, despite of having the lowest incidence rates. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was observed between SDI and the ASRs of incidence, DALYs, and death across 21 regions and 204 countries.
Conclusion
This study highlights a pronounced escalation in the COVID-19 burden from 2020 to 2021, with the elderly, males, those in lower SDI and less developed healthcare systems regions being disproportionately affected. A comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 epidemiology is essential for devising strategies to mitigate the disease's impact.
Understanding the suitability of Nurturing Care Group approach to improving animal faeces management in Ghana
Authors: Dwumfour-Asare Bismark , Appiah-Effah Eugene , Nyarko Kwabena Biritwum , Tidwell James Ben 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Animal faeces management (AFM) is key to avert zoonotic risks especially when integrated into water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions although largely neglected by conventional projects. This study focused on understanding the influence of Nurturing Care Group (NCG) approach on improving AFM in some communities within World Vision Ghana programme areas in Savelugu Municipal and Sekyere East District Assemblies. The study adopted a cross-sectional qualitative survey using 12 focus group discussions and 20 in-depth-interviews with female members from 12 communities. Data analyses used inductive mixed method content analysis based on pre-structured themes from interview tools. 171 female and 4 male members participated in the study. Household animals raised included livestock – fowls, goat, sheep, cattle etc., and pets (cats, dogs, etc.) for: income, meat for nutrition, religious rituals, animal droppings (manure), and pets for security etc. NCG intervention brought high awareness of AFM including penning and composting of droppings and also linked other safe household environmental sanitation practices. Barriers to uptake at scale included lack of resources for animal shelters, inability to feed animals without scavenging, difficulty in securing veterinary services, and women inability to secure men’s support on key decisions on AFM. Local governance structures – unit committees and opinion leaders were not fully integrated in Savelugu unlike in Sekyere East although leaders involved could not sustain commitment with time. Future interventions would benefit active involvement with specified roles of key stakeholders from household heads through community leaders to the District Assembly level to support sustainable uptake and impact.
Spatio-Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Glacial lakes and the Factors Influencing in Southeast Tibetan Plateau from 1993 to 2023
Authors: YU Mingwei , LI Feng , GUO Yonggang , SU Libin , QIN Deshun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The southeastern region of Tibet, serving as the primary concentration area for marine-type glaciers, has fostered a multitude of glacial lakes that exhibit high sensitivity to global climate change. The glacial lakes play a crucial role in regulating the freshwater ecosystems of the region, but they also pose a significant threat to local infrastructure and populations due to flooding caused by glacial lake outburst. Currently, there is a limited amount of research focused on the monitoring and analysis of glacial lakes in southeastern Tibet. Utilizing Google Earth Engine (GEE) in conjunction with meteorological data, this study examined the variation characteristics of glacial lakes in southeastern Tibet from 1993 to 2023. The region is subjected to segmentation and extraction of glacial lake boundaries utilizing FCN model. According to research findings, by 2023, southeastern Tibet is projected to contain 3,877 glacial lakes, encompassing an area of approximately 395.74 ± 22.72 km2. The distribution of glacial lakes in this region follows a pattern characterized by a higher concentration in the south and a lower concentration in the north.The glacial lakes with an area less than 0.1km2 accounted for 94.24%, while those exceeding 3.0km2 experienced the least amount of change. The analysis of regional elevation using the natural segmentation method reveals that the glacial lakes are predominantly distributed within the altitude range of 4442 ~ 4909m. The fluctuation of annual mean precipitation and average annual temperature in the study area has exhibited a deceleration trend since 2008, while the growth trajectory of both the area and number of glacial lakes has gradually stabilized. However, given the backdrop of a slight increase in precipitation and a gradual temperature rise, the proliferation of glacial lakes is projected to accelerate predominantly in Nyingchi City's eastern and western regions.
Navigating the Investment Landscape in MENA: The Role of Economic Growth, Trade, Financial Development, and Governance in FDI Attraction
Authors: Ozturk Ozcan , Nagayev Ruslan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This paper investigates the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with a particular focus on economic growth, trade policy, financial development, and governance indicators such as effective governance and political stability. Employing a robust fixed effect panel data analysis and utilizing data for 18 selected MENA countries covering the years 2000-2022, this study examines the complex interplay between the variables and their collective influence on FDI flows into the MENA region. The analysis reveals that economic growth and trade openness are significant positive determinants of FDI, highlighting the importance of fostering a robust economic environment and maintaining open trade policies. Financial development and business freedom exhibit complex relationships in the regression models, suggesting the need for holistic reforms addressing other structural and institutional factors. Moreover, among the governance indicators, effective governance and political stability emerge as crucial elements in attracting FDI, with significant positive impacts observed in both correlation tests and coefficient estimations. Conversely, high dependence on oil revenues and high real interest rates deter FDI, emphasizing the need for economic diversification and macroeconomic stability. Based on these findings, the paper proposes a set of policy recommendations, including promoting economic growth, enhancing trade openness, improving institutional quality, diversifying the economy, and maintaining macroeconomic stability to create a favorable environment for FDI. These strategies will drive sustainable development, economic diversification, and long-term growth in the MENA region.
Utilization of coffee by-products for the production of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages and their physiochemical and sensory characteristics
Authors: Thagunna Bishal , Bhattarai Simran , Poudel Ranjita , Poudel Riya Roshani , Karki Laxmi , Sharma Shristi Poudel 
Published: September 2024

Coffee pulp is the first byproduct of coffee processing. It contains contaminants due to its composition and production volume. This study evaluates coffee by-products wine from fresh coffee pulp, used as a substrate, along with cascara tea from dried coffee pulp. About 40 % of pulp was obtained during the wet processing of coffee. The pulp was dried directly in the sun for 3–4 days until the moisture content of the cascara drink was below 8 %. Similarly, for the alcoholic beverage (wine), the must was processed to the TSS (24°Brix), and the fermentation process was carried out for up to 10–12 days until the TSS was down to 10°Brix. After the fermentation was completed, the fermented wine was kept for secondary fermentation where it undergoes aging or clarification. The clarified wine was then filled into sterilized glass bottles for further use. The chemical composition of coffee pulp (moisture, ash, crude protein, acidity, fat, crude fiber, caffeine, tannin, reducing sugar, TSS, and flavonoids) was analyzed. Both beverages were also subjected to sensory analysis and chemical analysis
Caffeine, tannin, pH, and acidity of the non-alcoholic beverage were 220 mg/L, 45.7 mg/L, 4.16 and 1.24 %, respectively. Alcohol, methanol, ester, aldehyde, pH, TSS, acidity, caffeine, tannin, and flavonoid were 10.58 ABV %, 295 mg/L, 75.26 ppm, 10.12 ppm, 3.2, 10°Brix, 0.52 %, 28.96 ppm, 280 mg/L and 405 mg/g, respectively. The alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages made from coffee pulp were superior in terms of sensory attributes. Therefore, it is possible to develop both beverages from coffee pulp and maximum utilization of waste coffee pulp
Nanoparticles based Strategies for Treating and Managing Battle against Malaria: An Overview
Authors: Sharma Chandan , Jain Divya , Bainsal Neeraj , Bhardwaj Rahul , Singh Kuldeep 
Published: September 2024

:
Malaria is a life-threatening disease spread via female Anopheles mosquitoes. Assortments of factors are causing the trouble i.e., (i) fierce
opposition posed by the plasmodium life cycle and intracellular localization for pathogens in hepatocytes and erythrocytes; (ii) The decisive
physical and chemical properties among most antimalarial drugs, that exhibit an amphiphilic property allowing them to be widely circulated in and
out of body tissues since administration and quickly fully exploited in the liver; (iii) The unflattering fluidic circumstances confronted in blood
flow that affect the relationship of ionic parts to target tissue. So rather than concentrating the entire energy on establishing novel medications, it is
preferable to effort into refining operative medicine conveyance transporters to overcome these downsides. Anti-paludism medications have been
effectively distributed via nanomaterials on adjacent concentrations high sufficient on the way to slay the pests and evade the growth of treatment
obstruction, although upholding a small general amount to foil uncomplimentary poisonous sideways things. As of now, a few nanostructured
frameworks like liposomes or dendrimers have been demonstrated to be fit for working on the viability of anti-malarial treatments. These
nanoparticles are an auspicious medication conveyance automobile and could be utilized as remedial techniques intended for battling pests. This
audit is expected to scrutinize the utilization of nanoparticles to further develop medicine effectiveness at various phases for both human and
vampire congregations of miasm vermin.
A Rare Presentation of Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis Associated with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Metyas Caroline , Lee Joshua Donguk , Jun Jenny Ann , Arkfeld Daniel G. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder that results in dry
eyes and mouth. It is rarely associated with cryoglobulinemia, the agglutination of cryoglobulins
at cold temperatures that leads to systemic inflammation and organ damage. We have, herein, presented
a case of Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis (CryoVas), which presents as cryoglobulinemic
glomerulonephritis and Central Nervous System (CNS) vasculitis and peripheral neuropathy.

Case Report:
A 52-year-old woman with a past medical history of Sjögren's syndrome was admitted
to the intensive care unit with severe hyponatremia, orthopnea, and progressive lower extremity
weakness, and was found to have an intradural extramedullary hematoma with mass effect in
the thoracic spine and diffuse hyperintense cord signal abnormality in thoracic spine suggestive of
intermixed proteinaceous or hemorrhagic material. Further testing demonstrated that the patient experienced
worsening neuropathy, proteinuria, hematuria, declining renal function, and the presence
of cryoglobulins in the blood. After a thorough examination and a renal biopsy, the patient
was diagnosed with cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis of the
spine. The patient was treated with rituximab and pulse-dose steroids, with which the patient exhibited
improved renal function and resolution of a previously seen intradural hematoma on repeat
MRI.

Conclusion:
We have, herein, discussed a rare case of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis that has led to
a rare CNS manifestation and concomitant cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis. This suggests
that clinicians should consider cryoglobulinemic vasculitis as the etiology that could manifest
with multiorgan involvement, especially in patients with underlying rheumatic diseases.