bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In the Event of Death: Lesbian Families' Plans to Preserve Stepparent–Child Relationships
Authors: Acosta Katie L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores the plans women in same‐sex stepfamilies make to preserve stepparent–child relationships in the event of an origin parent's death.BackgroundThe incomplete institutionalization of stepparent–child relationships leaves them legally vulnerable, and this vulnerability may be compounded for lesbian stepparent families given that existing policies (such as second‐parent or joint adoption) are not accessible to them.MethodThis study is based on in‐depth phone interviews with 39 birth, adoptive, and stepparents residing in 17 states. All were raising children from previous relationships and did so for at least one year before study participation. Some grounded theory strategies were adopted to code the transcribed data.ResultsFindings indicate that three approaches were used: (a) relying solely and informally on family members, (b) outlining in‐the‐event‐of‐death wishes in wills for extended family to follow, and (c) assuming that the children were old enough to choose for themselves.ConclusionFindings suggest that existing family policies leave stepparent–child relationships legally vulnerable in the event of the origin parent's death.ImplicationsThe three plans participants articulated may promote division rather than unify a support network for children at a time when they are most needing stability. Family life educators can play a key role in mitigating these divisions by teaching families tools to foster harmonious coparenting relationships among multiple parents.
Parental Participation in the Process of Youth Joining a Program: Perspectives from Adolescents and Parents
Authors: Kang Hyeyoung , Raffaelli Marcela , Bowers Jill , Munoz Lorraine , Simpkins Sandra 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveThis study examined the nature and extent of parental participation in the process of adolescents joining an organized program and identify factors underlying variations in overarching patterns of participation.BackgroundAdolescents become increasingly interested in making their own choices and decisions. Thus, families must balance parental goals and adolescents' desire for autonomy in their social activities.MethodInterviews were conducted with 62 adolescent program participants and 52 parents. Data analyses followed an inductive approach to identify emergent patterns in the data.ResultsWe identified four roles parents played at the time their adolescent joined a program: emotional supporter, manager, informant, and instrumental supporter. Further, analyses revealed variations in roles and level of involvement related to adolescent age and ethnicity, as well as gaps between adolescent and parent perspectives. Overarching variations in parental engagement (the extent to which parents exerted influence during the joining process) were linked to parent, adolescent, and program factors.ConclusionFindings indicate that a multitude of factors intersect and shape whether and how parents attempt to influence the joining process and manage adolescents' social activities.ImplicationsOur findings can be used by program administrators and youth leaders to strengthen outreach and recruitment efforts with adolescents from ethnically and socioeconomically diverse family backgrounds.
Changes of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of sugarcane under elevated concentration of atmospheric CO2
Authors: da Costa Diogo P. , Dias Armando C. F. , Cotta Simone R. , Vilela Daniella , de Andrade Pedro A. M. , Pellizari Vivian H. , Andreote Fernando Dini 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIt is believed that climate change will influence most of interactions that sustain life on Earth. Among these, the recruitment exerted by plants in their roots vicinity can change, leading to differential assemblages of microbiomes in the rhizosphere. We approached this issue analyzing the variations in the composition of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of sugarcane cultivated under two concentrations of atmospheric CO2 (350 or 700 ppm). In addition to the analysis of bacterial community, the use of DNA‐SIP allowed the comparison of bacterial groups assimilating roots exudates (based on 13C‐labeled DNA) in both conditions, in a period of 8 days after the CO2 pulse. The separation of 13C‐DNA indicated the low but increasing frequency of labeling in the rhizosphere, as averages of 0.6, 2.4 and 5.0% of total DNA were labeled after 2, 4, and 8 days after the 13CO2 pulse, respectively. Based on large‐scale sequencing of the V6 region in the gene 16S rRNA, we found an increase in the bacterial diversity in the 13C‐DNA along the sampling period. We also describe the occurrence of distinct bacterial groups assimilating roots exudates from sugarcane cultivated under each CO2 concentration. Bacilli, Gammaproteobacteria, and Clostridia showed high affinity for the C‐sources released by sugarcane under 350 ppm of CO2, while under elevated concentration of CO2, the assimilation of roots exudates was prevalently made by members of Bacilli and Betaproteobacteria. The communities became more similar along time (4 and 8 days after CO2 pulse), in both concentrations of CO2, electing Actinobacteria, Sphingobacteriia, and Alphaproteobacteria as the major cross‐feeders on sugarcane exudates. In summary, we described the bacterial groups with higher affinity to assimilate roots exudates in the rhizosphere of sugarcane, and also demonstrated that the rhizosphere community can be differentially assembled in a future scenario with increased contents of CO2.
Radiative heat transfer in processing of glass‐forming melts
Authors: Choudhary Manoj K. , Purnode Bruno , Lankhorst Adriaan Marinus , Habraken Andries F.J.A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe paper summarizes the findings of a study on mathematical modeling of heat transfer in glass melts using the commonly employed diffusion or Rosseland approximation (R) for optically thick media and the more general, spectral discrete ordinates (DO) approach. The systems considered were the melting of an ultra‐clear glass in a furnace (optical thickness ~ 10) and heat transfer in 2 glass melts with different levels of iron oxide flowing through a delivery channel (optical thicknesses of ~17 and ~80). The results showed that the use of the R approach for modeling heat transfer in the ultra‐clear glass will lead to serious errors in the prediction of important practical parameters such as the refractory temperature, energy efficiency, and the quality of glass melt. The results for the channels showed that differences between the 2 thermal radiation models began to narrow as the optical thickness value approached 17. The paper also presents brief reviews of high‐temperature absorption spectra of commercial glass melts and the theoretical background on thermal radiation in participating media. In addition, a relatively simple system involving 1‐dimensional radiation heat transfer in a participating medium is used to illustrate the implications of using the diffusion approximation.
The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization: evidence from 70 studies
Authors: Zhao Dongdong , Dong Bao , Yu Dandan , Ren Qiongqiong , Sun Yehuan 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveA growing number of studies have investigated the prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) around the world. The aim of this study was to systematically estimate the pooled prevalence ofMIH.MethodsA comprehensive literature research was completed in English and Chinese databases. Random effect models were used to calculate the pooled prevalence. To address the heterogeneity, meta‐regression, and sensitivity analyzes were conducted. Publication bias was estimated by trim and fill method.ResultsSeventy eligible studies were included. The pooled prevalence ofMIHwas 14.2% globally. In subgroup analysis, South America (18.0%, 95%CI: 13.8–22.2) and Spain (21.1%, 95%CI: 17.7–24.6) had the highest prevalence. There was no significant difference between males (14.3%, 95%CI: 12.0–16.6) and females (14.4%, 95%CI: 12.8–15.9). The prevalence ofMIHamong children 10 years of age or younger (15.1%, 95%CI: 12.1–18.2) was much higher than the prevalence ofMIHamong older children (12.1%, 95%CI: 8.0–16.3). Sample size explained 15.7% heterogeneity.ConclusionMIHhas a high incidence globally, especially among children <10 years old. It is, therefore, imperative to develop more appropriate dental healthcare strategies to care for these children and to identify the etiology ofMIHto prevent it occurring.
Effects of indenter angle on micro‐scale fracture toughness measurement by pillar splitting
Authors: Ghidelli Matteo , Sebastiani Marco , Johanns Kurt E. , Pharr George M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe present improvements to a recently developed pillar splitting technique that can be used to characterize the fracture toughness of materials at the micrometer scale. Micro‐pillars with different aspect ratios were milled from bulk Si (100) and TiN and CrN thin films, and pillar splitting tests were carried out using four different triangular pyramidal indenters with centerline‐to‐face angles varying from 35.3° to 65.3°. Cohesive zone finite element modeling (CZ‐FEM) was used to evaluate the effect of different material parameters and indenter geometries on the splitting behavior. Pillar splitting experiments revealed a linear relationship between the splitting load and the indenter angle, while CZ‐FEM simulations provided the dimensionless coefficients needed to estimate the fracture toughness from the splitting load. The results provide novel insights into the fracture toughness of materials at small‐scales using the pillar spitting technique and provide a simple and reliable way to measure fracture toughness over a broad range of material properties.
Slow conduction through an arc of block: A basis for arrhythmia formation postmyocardial infarction
Authors: Patterson Eugene , Scherlag Benjamin J. , Berbari Edward J. , Lazzara Ralph 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe electrophysiologic basis for characteristic rate‐dependent, constant‐late‐coupled (390 + 54 milliseconds) premature ventricular beats (PVBs) present 4–5 days following coronary artery occlusion were examined in 108 anesthetized dogs.Methods and resultsFractionated/double potentials were observed in injured zone bipolar and composite electrograms at prolonged sinus cycle lengths (1,296 ± 396 milliseconds). At shorter cycle lengths, conduction of the delayed potential decremented, separating from the initial electrogram by a progressively prolonged isoelectric interval. With sufficient delay of the second potential following an isoelectric interval, a PVB was initiated. Both metastable and stable constant‐coupled PVBs were associated with Wenckebach‐like patterns of delayed activation following an isoelectric interval. Signal‐averaging from the infarct border confirmed the presence of an isoelectric interval preceding the PVBs (N = 15). Pacing from the site of double potential formation accurately reproduced the surface ECG morphology (N = 15) of spontaneous PVBs. Closely‐spaced epicardial mapping demonstrated delayed activation across an isoelectric interval representing “an arc of conduction block.” Rate‐dependent very slow antegrade conduction through a zone of apparent conduction block (N = 8) produced decremental activation delays until the delay was sufficient to excite epicardium distal to the original “arc of conduction block,” resulting in PVB formation.ConclusionThe present experiments demonstrate double potential formation and rate‐dependent constant‐coupled late PVB formation in infarcted dog hearts. Electrode recordings demonstrate a prolonged isoelectric period preceding PVB formation consistent with very slow conduction (<70 mm/s) across a line of apparent conduction block and may represent a new mechanism of PVB formation following myocardial infarction.
Thermodynamic Approach to Evaluate the Criticality of Raw Materials and Its Application through a Material Flow Analysis in Europe
Authors: Calvo Guiomar , Valero Alicia , Valero Antonio 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThis paper makes a review of current raw material criticality assessment methodologies and proposes a new approach based on the second law of thermodynamics. This is because conventional methods mostly focus on supply risk and economic importance leaving behind relevant factors, such as the physical quality of substances. The new approach is proposed as an additional dimension for the criticality assessment of raw materials through a variable denoted “thermodynamic rarity,” which accounts for the exergy cost required to obtain a mineral commodity from bare rock, using prevailing technology. Accordingly, a given raw material will be thermodynamically rare if it is: (1) currently energy intensive to obtain and (2) scarce in nature. If a given commodity presents a high risk in two of the three dimensions (economic importance, supply risk, and thermodynamic rarity), it is proposed to be critical. As a result, a new critical material list is presented, adding to the 2014 criticality list of the European Commission (EC) Li, Ta, Te, V, and Mo. With this new list and using Sankey diagrams, a material flow analysis has been carried out for Europe (EU‐28) for 2014, comparing the results when using tonnage and thermodynamic rarity as units of measure. Through the latter, one can put emphasis on the quality and not only on the quantity of minerals traded and domestically produced in the region, thereby providing a tool for improving resource management.
Is DNA ploidy related to smoking?
Authors: Lima Celina Faig , Alves Monica Ghislaine Oliveira , Carvalho Bruna Fernandes do Carmo , de Lima Thaynara Alves , Coutinho‐Camillo Cláudia Malheiros , Soares Fernando Augusto , Scholz Jaqueline , Almeida Janete Dias 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundIn the oral cavity, genomic instability is caused by long‐term exposure to carcinogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking and DNA ploidy.MethodsCytological material was obtained from patients participating in the Outpatient Smoking Treatment Program of the Heart Institute (INCOR‐HCFMUSP), and of the Discipline of Oral Medicine (ICT‐UNESP). The inclusion criteria for all groups were the absence of a history of malignant tumors, absence of clinical signs of changes in the selected area, and alcohol consumption of less than 3 units per week. Group 1:30 smokers before smoking cessation treatment; Group 2:30 non‐smokers; Group 3:30 ex‐smokers abstinent for at least 1 year. Cytological smears were collected from the floor of the mouth and border of the tongue and stained by Feulgen. Aneuploidy was evaluated using the ACIS® III system.ResultsThe Kruskal‐Wallis test showed no statistically significant difference (P = .4383) between the groups studied. No association between tobacco consumption and aneuploidy was observed in group 1 (P = 1) or group 2 (P = .68; Fisher's exact test).ConclusionSmoking was not associated with changes in DNA content or the incidence of aneuploidy in normal oral mucosa.
Participation of osteoclastogenic factors in immunopathogenesis of human chronic periapical lesions
Authors: Santos S. C. L. T. , Couto L. A. , Fonseca J. M. , Xavier F. C. A. , Figueiredo A. C. L. , Freitas V. S. , Freitas R. A. , Santos J. N. , Henriques A. C. G. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundChronic periapical lesions (CPLs) are common lesions of the oral cavity and are the result of caries, tooth fracture, iatrogenic causes, or factors causing contamination and pulp necrosis. Inflammatory cells participate in the expansion of CPLs by releasing factors that stimulate or inhibit osteolytic activity. The objective of this study was to investigate the participation of RANKL, TNF‐α, cathepsin K, IL‐33, and OPG in the development of radicular cysts (RCs) and periapical granulomas (PGs).MethodsParaffin‐embedded sections of 30 RCs and 22 PGs were submitted to immunohistochemistry.ResultsImmunoexpression of the proteins studied was observed in the epithelium and capsule of RCs, as well as in connective tissue of PGs. The expression of the osteoclastogenic factors studied differed significantly in RCs and PGs (P < .001), with lower expression of OPG in RCs. In PGs, the lowest expression was observed for cathepsin K. Comparison of the 2 lesions showed a similar participation of RANKL and IL33, while a significant difference was observed for OPG (P < .001), TNF‐α (P = .002), and cathepsin K (P = .016). No association of the expression of the proteins with lesions size was observed.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the participation of RANKL, TNF‐α, IL‐33, cathepsin K, and OPG in the development of RCs and PGs, with emphasis on the highest immunoreactivity of cathepsin in RCs and TNF‐α and OPG in PGs. OPG possibly determines the slower growth of PGs compared to RCs.
Reciprocal feedback between self‐concept and goal pursuit in daily life
Authors: Wong Alexander E. , Vallacher Robin R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe hypothesized that self‐knowledge and goal perseverance are mutually reinforcing because of the roles of self‐knowledge in directing goal pursuit, and of goal pursuit in structuring the self‐concept.MethodTo test this hypothesis, we used a daily diary design with 97 college‐aged participants for 40 days to assess whether daily self‐concept clarity and grit predict one another's next‐day levels. Data were analyzed using multilevel cross‐lagged panel modeling.ResultsResults indicated that daily self‐concept clarity and grit had positive and symmetric associations with each other across time, while controlling for their respective previous values. Similar crossed results were also found when testing the model using individual daily self‐concept clarity and grit items.ConclusionsThe results are the first to indicate the existence of reinforcing feedback loops between self‐concept clarity and grit, such that fluctuations in the clarity of self‐knowledge are associated with fluctuations in goal resolve, and vice versa. Discussion centers on the implications of these results for the functional link between mind and action and on the study's heuristic value for subsequent research.
Prediction model of rice eating quality using physicochemical properties and sensory quality evaluation
Authors: Kim Hoon , Kim Oui‐Woung , Kwak Han Sub , Kim Sang Sook , Lee Hyo‐Jai 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop a prediction model for rice eating quality, which is one of the main factors considered by customers at the time of milled rice (MR) purchase. The overall sensory quality (OSQ) of 533 samples of MR on the market was analyzed by a trained panel from the Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI). Among the quality characteristics of MR, the moisture content (r = .375) and damaged kernels (DA) (r = .446) showed a correlation with the OSQ. In the case of cooked rice (CR), the a‐value (.438) and hardness (HA; .443) presented correlations with the OSQ. Each quality factor for MR and CR was not appropriate for estimating OSQ by itself. Three eating quality prediction models were developed using the MR and CR quality factors for 400 rice samples. The prediction model from a combination of MR and CR quality parameters had higher coefficients of determination (R2 = .657) than the models developed from MR (R2 = .358) or CR (R2 = .555). The model validations with 133 rice samples showed similar coefficients of determination for these prediction models.Practical applicationsDeveloped models is an appropriate to be a basic method for install sensory evaluation machinery for rice. The results will cover various rice cultivars and freshness because models were derived from properties of milled rice and cooked rice together. This study will be more useful with study of rough rice freshness according to storage conditions.
Relationship between saliva protein composition and 6‐n‐Propylthiouracil bitter taste responsiveness in young adults
Authors: Rodrigues L. , da Costa G. , Cordeiro C. , Pinheiro C. C. , Amado F. , Lamy E. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract6‐n‐propylthiouracil (PROP) is widely used in nutritional and health studies. However, only a limited number of studies have compared saliva composition between PROP taster phenotypes. The main aim of this work was to assess the relationship between saliva proteome and PROP responsiveness in young adults (N = 152) taking into account body mass index (BMI) and sex. SDS‐PAGE and 2‐DE protein profiles of saliva collected before and after PROP stimulation were compared between super‐tasters (ST) and non‐tasters (NT) and proteins of interest identified by mass spectrometry. These groups were also compared for their salivary levels of type‐S cystatins and carbonic anhydrase VI (CA‐VI). The relationship between salivary proteome and PROP responsiveness was affected by sex and BMI. Even so, immunoglobulin chains increased and prolactin‐inducible protein and type‐S cystatins decreased in ST group, both in men and women. Only when the subject's weight was considered in the analysis was it possible to observe differences between ST and NT in the levels of type‐S cystatins, suggesting that BMI has an effect on the relationship between these salivary proteins and bitter taste response. PROP stimulation induced changes in the amounts of salivary amylase, cystatins, and CA‐VI, which differed between ST and NT and may be important in differentiating PROP responsiveness groups. Among the proteins identified, most of the isoforms associated with PROP responsiveness had low pI.Practical applicationsInter‐individual differences in 6‐n‐propylthiouracil (PROP) responsiveness correspond to the most studied variations in bitterness perception and have been accepted as a general marker of oral chemosensory sensitivity. Differences in PROP phenotype appears to be related to food preferences and dietary behavior. The mechanisms involved in inter‐individual variation in bitter taste perception are complex and are not completely explained by genetics. Identifying salivary constituents potentially involved in PROP responsiveness can increase the understanding of taste function and consequently food acceptance. Moreover, it is important to know whether factors such as weight status and/or sex affect the way in which saliva influences taste perception.