bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue failure transition analysis in load‐carrying cruciform welded joints based on strain energy density approach
Authors: Song W. , Liu X. , Berto F. , Wang P. , Fang H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper details a study of the application of notch stress intensity theory to the fatigue failure mode analysis of the transition in load‐carrying cruciform welded joints. The weldment fatigue crack initiation point is difficult to predict precisely because it usually occurs in the vicinity of the weld toe or weld root. To investigate the relationship between fatigue failure location and the geometry of the weldments, we analysed the weld toe and root asymptotic notch stress fields were analysed using the notch stress intensity factors on the basis of the Williams' solution in Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM). Numerous configurations of cruciform joints of various plate thicknesses, transverse plate thickness, weld sizes and incomplete penetration size were used to investigate the location of the fatigue failure. The strain energy density (SED) surrounding the notch tip was introduced to unify the scalar quantity and preclude the inconsistency of the dimensionality of the notch stress intensity factors for various notch opening angles. The results of the investigation showed that the SED approach can be used to determine the transition zone for a variety of joint geometries. The validity of the SED criteria was verified by comparing the experimental results of this study with the complied results for load‐carrying cruciform welded joints reported in literature.
Prognostic significance of combined albumin–bilirubin and tumor–node–metastasis staging system in patients who underwent hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Harimoto Norifumi , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Sakata Kazuhito , Nagatsu Akihisa , Motomura Takashi , Itoh Shinji , Harada Noboru , Ikegami Toru , Uchiyama Hideaki , Soejima Yuji , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundIn recent years, the establishment of new staging systems for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been reported worldwide. The system combining albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) with tumor–node–metastasis stage, developed by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan, was called the ALBI‐T score.MethodsPatient data were retrospectively collected for 357 consecutive patients who had undergone hepatic resection for HCC with curative intent between January 2004 and December 2015. The overall survival and recurrence‐free survival were compared by the Kaplan–Meier method, using different staging systems: the Japan integrated staging (JIS), modified JIS, and ALBI‐T.ResultsMultivariate analysis identified five poor prognostic factors (higher age, poor differentiation, the presence of microvascular invasion, the presence of intrahepatic metastasis, and blood transfusion) that influenced overall survival, and four poor prognostic factors (the presence of intrahepatic metastasis, serum α‐fetoprotein level, blood transfusion, and each staging system (JIS, modified JIS, and ALBI‐T score)) that influenced recurrence‐free survival. Patients for each these three staging system had a significantly worse prognosis regarding recurrence‐free survival, but not with overall survival. The modified JIS score showed the lowest Akaike information criteria statistic value, indicating it had the best ability to predict overall survival compared with the other staging systems.ConclusionsThis retrospective analysis showed that, in post‐hepatectomy patients with HCC, the ALBI‐T score is predictive of worse recurrence‐free survival, even when adjustments are made for other known predictors. However, modified JIS is better than ALBI‐T in predicting overall survival.
A non‐compensatory approach for trace clustering
Authors: Delias Pavlos , Doumpos Michael , Grigoroudis Evangelos , Matsatsinis Nikolaos 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOne of the main functions of process mining is the automated discovery of process models from event log files. However, in flexible environments, such as healthcare or customer service, delivering comprehensible process models can be very challenging, mainly due to the complexity of the registered logs. A prevalent response to this problem is trace clustering, that is, grouping behaviors and discovering a distinct model per group. In this paper, we propose a novel trace clustering technique inspired from the outranking relations theory. The proposed technique can handle multiple criteria with strongly heterogeneous scales, and it allows a non‐compensatory logic to guide the creation of a similarity metric. To reach this, we use three key components: We separate factors that are in favor of the similarity from those that are not, through discrimination thresholds; we provide non‐concordant factors with a “veto” power; and we aggregate all factors into an overall metric. We evaluated this novel, non‐compensatory approach against two of the most spotlighted trace clustering functions: variants' identification and model complexity reduction. Results suggest that the proposed technique can be used at both functions with compelling performance.
Transition from a maternal to external nitrogen source in maize seedlings
Authors: Sabermanesh Kasra , Holtham Luke R. , George Jessey , Roessner Ute , Boughton Berin A. , Heuer Sigrid , Tester Mark , Plett Darren C. , Garnett Trevor P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMaximizing NO3− uptake during seedling development is important as it has a major influence on plant growth and yield. However, little is known about the processes leading to, and involved in, the initiation of root NO3− uptake capacity in developing seedlings. This study examines the physiological processes involved in root NO3− uptake and metabolism, to gain an understanding of how the NO3− uptake system responds to meet demand as maize seedlings transition from seed N use to external N capture. The concentrations of seed‐derived free amino acids within root and shoot tissues are initially high, but decrease rapidly until stabilizing eight days after imbibition (DAI). Similarly, shoot N% decreases, but does not stabilize until 12–13 DAI. Following the decrease in free amino acid concentrations, root NO3− uptake capacity increases until shoot N% stabilizes. The increase in root NO3− uptake capacity corresponds with a rapid rise in transcript levels of putative NO3− transporters, ZmNRT2.1 and ZmNRT2.2. The processes underlying the increase in root NO3− uptake capacity to meet N demand provide an insight into the processes controlling N uptake.
Quality of life among the family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer at home in Japan
Authors: Ito Eriko , Tadaka Etsuko 
Published: February 2017

AimTo identify the associated factors of quality of life (QOL) among the family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer at home.MethodsThe design was an epidemiological study with self‐administered questionnaires by mail. Date collection was carried out in the Tokyo Metropolitan, Tochigi, Ibaraki, Saitama, Chiba, Kanagawa, Nara, Hyogo, Kagawa, Ehime, and Saga prefectures in Japan. The participants who met the criteria for the present study were 262 family caregivers. Their QOL was assessed by the Japanese version of the Caregiver Quality of Life Index‐Cancer. The potential factors that are associated with family caregivers' QOL included three factors: patient factors, including demographic characteristics and disease‐related factors, family caregiver factors, including demographic characteristics, health conditions, and self‐efficacy of family caregiving, and environmental factors, including instrumental, emotional, informational support, and satisfaction with the home care service. A multiple regression analysis was conducted in order to identify the associated factors with family caregivers' QOL.ResultsA total of 74 family caregivers participated in this study (response rate: 33.2%). The mean age of the family caregivers was 63.6 years and 79.7% was female. The multiple regression analysis indicated that depression, self‐efficacy of family caregiving, the subcaregiver, and satisfaction with the home care service were associated with family caregivers' QOL.ConclusionIt is recommended that health practitioners should develop interventions for family caregivers in order to enhance the competence of the individual and home care system in order to achieve the sustainability of high‐quality home care for patients with terminal cancer and the family caregivers' QOL.
Counter‐intuitive moral judgement following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Rowley Dane A. , Rogish Miles , Alexander Timothy , Riggs Kevin J. 
Published: February 2017

Several neurological patient populations, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), appear to produce an abnormally ‘utilitarian’ pattern of judgements to moral dilemmas; they tend to make judgements that maximize the welfare of the majority, rather than deontological judgements based on the following of moral rules (e.g., do not harm others). However, this patient research has always used extreme dilemmas with highly valued moral rules (e.g., do not kill). Data from healthy participants, however, suggest that when a wider range of dilemmas are employed, involving less valued moral rules (e.g., do not lie), moral judgements demonstrate sensitivity to the psychological intuitiveness of the judgements, rather than their deontological or utilitarian content (Kahane et al., Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7, 2011, 393). We sought the moral judgements of 30 TBI participants and 30 controls on moral dilemmas where content (utilitarian/deontological) and intuition (intuitive/counter‐intuitive) were measured concurrently. Overall TBI participants made utilitarian judgements in equal proportions to controls; disproportionately favouring utilitarian judgements only when they were counter‐intuitive, and deontological judgements only when they were counter‐intuitive. These results speak against the view that TBI causes a specific utilitarian bias, suggesting instead that moral intuition is broadly disrupted following TBI.
Biochemical analysis of intraplacental choriocarcinoma and fetomaternal transfusion
Authors: Ishiguro Tatsuya , Suda Kazuaki , Enomoto Takayuki 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntraplacental choriocarcinoma is one of the rarest forms of gestational tumors and is believed to be one of the causes of fetomaternal transfusion (FMT). A 35‐year‐old woman, gravida 2, para 2, with a history of two vaginal deliveries, was incidentally diagnosed as having stage I gestational intraplacental choriocarcinoma with a FIGO/World Health Organization 2000 risk score of 2 after term delivery. This disease caused neonatal anemia but did not metastasize to either the mother or infant. Short tandem repeat analysis with laser microdissection revealed that the tumor had originated from the current pregnancy. Serological test and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the patient and her baby suffered from FMT. She has been free from disease without any medical intervention for the last 1 year. A combination of multiple biochemical analyses might help us diagnose the precursor pregnancy of a gestational choriocarcinoma and FMT.
Cesarean myomectomy in modern obstetrics: More light and fewer shadows
Authors: Sparić Radmila , Kadija Saša , Stefanović Aleksandar , Spremović Radjenović Svetlana , Likić Ladjević Ivana , Popović Jela , Tinelli Andrea 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe study aim was to evaluate management of myomas during cesarean section, the pro and cons and the outcomes of cesarean myomectomy. Moreover, we tried to investigate the long‐term outcomes of cesarean myomectomy. The authors conducted a literature review using scientific databases, focusing on the benefits and outcomes of cesarean myomectomy and the recent trends regarding this topic, and identified relevant articles, related references and other papers citing them. Despite the demonstrated advantages of cesarean myomectomy, postponed myomectomy after cesarean section was recommended in some instances. Apart from recent reports on the safety and feasibility of cesarean myomectomy, the current literature also describes serious complications of cesarean myomectomy, including even maternal death. This poses a question about the reported rate of complications: whether it is underestimated in common practice. Although some studies strongly suggest the safety of cesarean myomectomy, data on the long‐term outcomes of cesarean myomectomy in women are lacking. The risk–benefit ratio of cesarean myomectomy should be re‐evaluated in the new century, given the increasing patient age, incidence of myoma in pregnancy, and the wide use of assisted reproductive techniques.
Fairness in tax compliance: A political competition model
Authors: Solano‐Garcia Ángel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes the political economy of income redistribution when voters are concerned about fairness in tax compliance. We consider a two‐stage model where there is a two‐party competition over the tax rate and over the intensity of the tax enforcement policy in the first stage, and voters decide about their level of tax compliance in the second stage. We find that if the concern about fairness in tax compliance is high enough, a liberal middle‐income majority of voters may block any income redistribution policy. Alternatively, we find an equilibrium in which the preferences of the median voter are ignored in favor of a coalition formed by a group of relatively poor voters and the richest voters. In this equilibrium income redistribution prevails with no tax enforcement.
Complex crater formation: Insights from combining observations of shock pressure distribution with numerical models at the West Clearwater Lake impact structure
Authors: Rae A. S. P. , Collins G. S. , Grieve R. A. F. , Osinski G. R. , Morgan J. V. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLarge impact structures have complex morphologies, with zones of structural uplift that can be expressed topographically as central peaks and/or peak rings internal to the crater rim. The formation of these structures requires transient strength reduction in the target material and one of the proposed mechanisms to explain this behavior is acoustic fluidization. Here, samples of shock‐metamorphosed quartz‐bearing lithologies at the West Clearwater Lake impact structure, Canada, are used to estimate the maximum recorded shock pressures in three dimensions across the crater. These measurements demonstrate that the currently observed distribution of shock metamorphism is strongly controlled by the formation of the structural uplift. The distribution of peak shock pressures, together with apparent crater morphology and geological observations, is compared with numerical impact simulations to constrain parameters used in the block‐model implementation of acoustic fluidization. The numerical simulations produce craters that are consistent with morphological and geological observations. The results show that the regeneration of acoustic energy must be an important feature of acoustic fluidization in crater collapse, and should be included in future implementations. Based on the comparison between observational data and impact simulations, we conclude that the West Clearwater Lake structure had an original rim (final crater) diameter of 35–40 km and has since experienced up to ~2 km of differential erosion.
Knowing the Meaning of a Word: Shared Psychological States and the Determination of Extensions
Authors: Pritchard Timothy 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWhat is it to know the meaning of a word? The traditional view is that it involves the possession of a concept that determines the extension of a word, with the concept corresponding to a single psychological state. Millikan criticizes this view, denying not only that concepts determine extensions but also that sharing a concept means sharing a psychological state. The purpose of this article is to defend a modified version of the traditional view. I argue that Millikan's claims do not translate directly into a thesis about word meaning. Her arguments relate to an extra‐linguistic approach to extension, which we can distinguish from a linguistically oriented notion of extension.
Comparison of AT8 immunoreactivity in the locus ceruleus and hippocampus of 154 brains from routine autopsies
Authors: Okamoto Koichi , Amari Masakuni , Fukuda Toshio , Suzuki Keiji , Takatama Masamitsu 
Published: February 2017

We compared semiquantitatively AT8 immunoreactivity in the locus ceruleus (LC) and hippocampus of 154 brains from routine autopsies to investigate the initial sites of phosphorylated tau (phospho‐tau) development. The numbers of AT8‐positive neurons and the severity of AT8‐positive neuropil threads (NTs) in the LC were strongly associated: there were no cases with AT8‐positive neurons that lacked NTs and 20 cases (13%) had only NTs in the LC. Phospho‐tau pathologies in the LC were almost equally on both sides, although some cases (7.8%) showed unilateral predominance. The numbers of AT8‐positive neurons in the LC and the numbers of AT8‐positive neurons and NTs in the hippocampus were also strongly associated. There were only two cases with AT8‐positive neurons in the LC that lacked phospho‐tau pathology in the hippocampus, and 21 cases (13.6%) with phospho‐tau pathology in the hippocampus that lacked AT8‐positive neurons in the LC. The numbers of AT8‐positive NTs in the LC and AT8‐positive neurons and NTs in the hippocampus were also strongly associated. There were seven cases (4.5%) with AT8‐positive NTs in the LC that lacked phospho‐tau pathology in the hippocampus, and five cases (3.2 %) with phospho‐tau pathologies in the hippocampus that lacked AT8‐positive NTs in the LC. In this study, we could not confirm that phospho‐tau pathologies begin in the LC. We suspect their simultaneous occurrences in both hippocampal regions and in LC.
Conditioned inhibitory and excitatory gain modulations of visual cortex in fear conditioning: Effects of analysis strategies of magnetocortical responses
Authors: Moratti Stephan , Giménez‐Fernández Tamara , Méndez‐Bértolo Constantino , de Vicente‐Pérez Francisco 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn unpredictable environments, stimuli that predict potential danger or its absence can change rapidly. Therefore, it is highly adaptive to prioritize incoming sensory information flexibly as a function of prior experience. Previously, these changes have only been conceptualized as excitatory gain increases in sensory cortices for acquired fear‐relevant stimuli during associative learning. However, formal descriptions of associative processes by Rescorla and Wagner predict both conditioned excitatory and inhibitory processes in response systems for fear and safety cues, respectively. Magnetocortical steady‐state visual evoked fields (ssVEFs) have been shown to vary in amplitude as a function of associative strength. Therefore, we wondered why previous studies reporting ssVEF modulations by fear learning did not observe conditioned inhibition of ssVEF responses for the safety cue. Three analysis strategies were applied: (1) traditional analysis of ssVEF amplitude at occipital MEG sensors, (2) applying a general linear model (GLM) at each sensor, and (3) fitting the same GLM to cortically localized ssVEF responses. First, we replicated previous findings of increased ssVEFs for acquired fear‐relevant stimuli using all three analysis strategies. Critically, we demonstrated conditioned inhibition of ssVEF responses for fear‐irrelevant cues for specific gradiometer sensor types using the traditional analysis technique and for all sensor types when applying a GLM to the sensor space. However, sensor space effects were rather small. In stark contrast, cortical source space effect sizes were most pronounced. The results of opposing CS+ and CS‐ modulations in sensory cortex reflect predictions of the Rescorla‐Wagner model and current neurobiological findings.
Oral administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeUFMG A‐905 prevents allergic asthma in mice
Authors: Fonseca Vanessa M.B. , Milani Thamires M.S. , Prado Rafael , Bonato Vania L.D. , Ramos Simone G. , Martins Flaviano S. , Vianna Elcio O. , Borges Marcos de C. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveThe prevalence of asthma has increased in communities that adopt a Western lifestyle and become more urbanized. Probiotics may be effective in the prevention of allergic diseases, such as asthma. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFMG A‐905 in an allergic model of asthma.MethodsBalb/c mice were sensitized twice with ovalbumin (OVA) intraperitoneally, 1 week apart and challenged with OVA intranasally for 3 days. Mice were daily treated with S. cerevisiae UFMG A‐905 via gavaging needle 10 days before OVA sensitization and during challenges. After challenge, in vivo lung function was measured, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung inflammation were assessed.ResultsOral treatment with S. cerevisiae UFMG A‐905 significantly decreased airway hyperresponsiveness, total cell number and the influx of eosinophils to the airway, inflammatory cell in the lung, mucus expression in epithelial cells and the levels of IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13. Additionally, S. cerevisiae UFMG A‐905 restored the levels of IL‐10 and interferon (IFN)‐gamma, and increased the levels of IL‐17A.ConclusionOral administration of S. cerevisiae UFMG A‐905 prevented the development of major asthma‐like characteristics in a mouse model.
Having it both ways: White denial of racial salience while claiming oppression
Authors: Kolber Jesse 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis work will examine literature on white ideologies concerning the denial of the significance of race, the denial of white privilege, and increasingly popular claims of ‘anti‐white bias’ and white victimhood. Variant literatures on white attitudes and interracial practices recently emerged regarding racism; this review will examine how they are inextricably linked to one another. In reviewing the recent literature on colorblindness, the denial of white privilege, and white victimhood, I will show how these (sometimes contradictory) beliefs work in concert to perpetuate racial inequalities. I argue that volatile racist tactics obscure accountability, sustain denial, and ultimately create a protective barrier to directly addressing white supremacy in the United States.
Physical Activity Throughout Adolescence and Hba1c in Early Adulthood: Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Nakamura Priscila M. , Mielke Grégore I. , Horta Bernardo L. , Assunção Maria Cecília , Gonçalves Helen , Menezes Ana M.B. , Barros Fernando C. , Ekelund Ulf , Brage Soren , Wehrmeister Fernando C. , Oliveira Isabel O. , Hallal Pedro C. 
Published: February 2017

Background:Physical inactivity is responsible for 7% of diabetes deaths worldwide, but little is known whether low levels of physical activity (PA) during adolescence increase the risk of diabetes in early adulthood. We evaluated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between PA throughout adolescence and HbA1c concentration in early adulthood.Methods:HbA1c was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. PA was assessed by self-report at the ages of 11, 15, and 18 years and by accelerometry at the ages of 13 (subsample) and 18 years. The loss percentages of follow up were 12.5% at 11 years, 14.4% at 15 years, and 18.7% at 18 years.Results:At 18 years, boys showed higher HbA1c than girls. At age 18 years, accelerometrybased PA at 18 years was inversely related to HbA1c levels in boys. Self-reported leisure-time PA at ages 11, 15, and 18 were unrelated to HbA1c in both genders. PA at 13 years of age was unrelated to HbA1c among both genders. In trajectory analysis, PA and accelerometer PA trajectories were not associated with later HbA1c.Conclusions:Objectively measured PA at 18 years was cross-sectionally inversely associated with HbA1c in boys only. No prospective associations were identified.