bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing structural performance of 3D‐printed adhesively bonded flat‐joggle‐flat polymer joints with graphene‐reinforced adhesive
Authors: Dhilipkumar Thulasidhas , Venkatesan Raja , Hiremath Vinayak S. , Kesavan S. , P Karuppusamy , Shankar Karthik V. , Alduhaish Osamah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdhesively bonded joints play a vital role in improving the structural performance of 3D‐printed components. This research aims to examine the effect of graphene inclusion on the failure load and vibrational behavior of polylactic acid flat‐joggle‐flat (FJF) joints prepared using fused deposition modeling. The present research focused on the effect of print directions (0°, 45°, 90°) and the inclusion of graphene nanofiller (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 wt%) on the performance of FJF joints. The effect of raster direction on mechanical properties was examined by tensile testing of dog‐bone samples. Results showed that 0° print orientation had higher tensile strength compared to other printing directions. Shear testing of FJF joints indicated that the inclusion of graphene has enhanced the strength of 3D‐printed FJF joints by 61.18%. Fractography results showed that the formation of the shear band with the inclusion of 0.50 wt% graphene helps to distribute the stress more evenly and prevent catastrophic failure of the FJF joint. The free vibrational test revealed that the inclusion of 0.50 wt% graphene had improved the natural frequencies, as the presence of graphene‐enhanced the interfacial bonding between FJF adherend and adhesive.Highlights
0° print orientation had higher tensile strength than other printing directions.
Inclusion of graphene‐enhanced the shear strength of flat‐joggle‐flat (FJF) joints by 61.18%.
Shear band formation delayed the failure of graphene‐reinforced FJF joints.
FJF reinforced with 0.50 wt% graphene had adherend failure.
FJF joint added with 1.0 wt% graphene had lower natural frequencies.
Multi‐scale elastic properties of 2.5D woven composites with void defects
Authors: Wang Wang , Shan Zhongde , Sun Zheng , Guo Zitong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract2.5D woven composite material inevitably produces void defects in its production process, which will seriously reduce its mechanical properties and reduce its service life. In this paper, the effects of void defects on the mechanical properties of 2.5D woven composites were studied by multi‐scale analysis. An improved Halpin‐Tsai semi‐empirical model is proposed to calculate the elastic properties of yarns with porous defects and verified by finite element method. A microscale representative volume unit (RVE) for predicting the elastic constants of composites with pore defects is established. Theoretical analysis and finite element analysis were used to verify the micro scale, and finite element analysis and experiment were used to verify the micro scale. The effect of porosity on the elastic properties of micro‐scale RVE was studied in detail. The results show that the model is reasonable and accurate in predicting the mechanical properties of yarns and composites. In addition, the effect of porosity on the mechanical properties of 2.5D woven composites is significant.Highlights
An improved Halpin‐Tsai semi‐empirical model is proposed, which makes the microscale theoretical analysis of 2.5D woven composites better consistent with the finite element analysis.
The void position obstructs the stress transfer of the matrix, and the stress concentration phenomenon also occurs.
The void content has an effect on the mechanical properties of composites at both micro and micro scales.
Imaging‐Based Prediction Parameters of Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality for Fetal Occipital Cephaloceles
Authors: Gaulden Amber L. , Nagaraj Usha D. , Emmert A. Scott , Vuong Shawn M. , Kline‐Fath Beth M. , Bierbrauer Karin S. , Patel Smruti K. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveFetal occipital cephaloceles display significant morphologic heterogeneity resulting in variable cognitive and survival outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine if specific imaging findings could provide predictive information on the clinical outcomes of patients with occipital cephalocele.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of fetal occipital cephalocele patients. Fetal and post‐natal imaging studies were evaluated for multiple parameters including: cephalocele size, ellipsoid volume, herniation of various neural tissues, and microcephaly. Based on the presence of certain findings, an imaging score (range: 0–11) and cephalocele grade (range: 0–4) were calculated.ResultsHigher fetal and post‐natal imaging scores were positively correlated with higher cephalocele grade (p < 0.0001). Higher cephalocele grade was positively correlated with cerebellum and occipital lobe involvement (p < 0.05). A higher fetal cephalocele grade was associated with a significantly high risk of mortality (CI: 15.5–22.10; p < 0.0001).ConclusionHigher imaging scores and cephalocele grade were associated with a greater risk of mortality and verbal and motor delays. Imaging factors that appear to play a role in increasing cephalocele grade include involvement of the cerebellum, occipital lobes, and microcephaly. These findings may help counsel parents regarding the post‐natal course of patients with occipital cephalocele.
RAFT polymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl vinyl ether and dimethyl maleate
Authors: Yao Jingwen , Tong Jiaying , Zhao Dan , Chen Dong , Ma Yuhong , Yang Wantai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe reversible addition‐fragment chain transfer (RAFT) alternating copolymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl vinyl ether (HEVE) and dimethyl maleate (DMM) is achieved with S‐(cyanomethyl) O‐ethyl carbonodithioate (CMX) as medaitor and 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) as radical initiator. The effects of monomer concentrations, comonomer feeding ratios, molar ratio of monomer to CMX and solvent on the copolymerization and copolymer structure are systematically investigated. The living feature of the HEVE and DMM copolymerization is demonstrated by the linear increasement of the molecular weights with the monomer conversions, and relatively narrow molecular weight distributions of the copolymers. With dimethyl carbonate as solvent, poly(HEVE‐alt‐DMM) with Mn = 5200 and Mw/Mn = 1.34 are synthesized at [HEVE]/[DMM]/[CMX]/[AIBN] = 100/100/3/1. The alternating structure of the copolymer is demonstrated by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). The both α, ω‐end groups are mainly originated from the moiety of CMX. To further demonstrate the living feature of the alternating copolymerization, chain extension and block copolymerization are also carried out. With poly(HEVE‐alt‐DMM) as macro‐CTA (Mn = 5200, Mw/Mn = 1.34), the chain‐extension reaction has been successfully realized (Mn = 9600, Mw/Mn = 1.70), and the block copolymer with vinyl neonanoate as monomer also successfully synthesized (Mn = 9800, Mw/Mn = 1.42).
Methyl jasmonate induced tolerance effect of Pinus koraiensis to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Chen Qiaoli , Zhang Jiawei , Ye Lingfang , Liu Nian , Wang Feng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMethyl jasmonate (MeJA) can affect the balance of hormones and regulate the disease resistance of plants. Exploring the application and mechanism of MeJA in inducing the tolerance of Pinus koraiensis to pine wood nematode (PWN) infection is of great significance for developing new strategies for pine wilt disease control.RESULTSDifferent concentrations (0.1, 1, 5 and 10 mm) of MeJA treatment groups showed differences in relative tolerance index and relative anti‐nematode index of P. koraiensis seedlings to PWN infection. The treatment of 5 mm MeJA solution induced the best tolerance effect, followed by the 1 mm MeJA solution. Transcriptome analysis indicated that many plant defense‐related genes upregulated after treatment with 1, 5 and 10 mm MeJA solutions. Among them, genes such as jasmonate ZIM domain‐containing protein, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and peroxidase also continuously upregulated after PWN infection. Metabolome analysis indicated that jasmonic acid (JA) was significantly increased at 7 days postinoculation with PWN, and after treatment with both 1 and 5 mm MeJA solutions. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome indicated that differences in JA accumulation might lead to ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis, and expression changes in trans‐caffeic acid and trans‐cinnamic acid‐related genes, leading to the abundance differences of these two metabolisms and the formation of multiple lignin and glucosides.CONCLUSIONSMeJA treatment could activate the expression of defense‐related genes that correlated with JA, regulate the abundance of defense‐related secondary metabolites, and improve the tolerance of P. koraiensis seedlings to PWN infection. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Attraction of Nicotiana benthamiana to Bemisia tabaci is related to a chemical signal in plant volatile, undecane
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Yue , Han Wen‐Hao , Zhang Feng‐Bin , Wang Jun‐Xia , Liu Shu‐Sheng , Wang Xiao‐Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe whitefly Bemisia tabaci is one of the world's foremost agricultural pests. Recently, we found that a wild relative of tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) demonstrates remarkable attractiveness and nearly 100% lethality towards whiteflies. Therefore, it can act as a dead‐end trap crop for whitefly control in the field. However, the underlying mechanism of the significant attractiveness of N. benthamiana towards whiteflies is unclear.RESULTSBinary‐choice assays and olfactory experiments showed that compared to common tobacco (N. tabacum), the volatile of N. benthamiana has a greater attraction to whiteflies. Then we analyzed and compared volatiles from these two Nicotiana species by thermal desorption‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TD‐GC–MS). We identified 16 chemical compounds that are more abundant in N. benthamiana than in N. tabacum. Seven compounds were further tested with olfactometer assays and we found that, among them, undecane strongly attracted whiteflies. Further experiments revealed that even 0.005 μg mL−1 undecane is attractive to whiteflies. We also silenced the genes that may influence the biosynthesis of undecane and found the production of undecane decreased after silencing NbCER3, and that N. benthamiana plants with less undecane lost their attraction to whiteflies. In addition, we found that applying 0.005 μg mL−1 undecane on yellow sticky traps can increase the number of stuck insects on the traps by ≈40%.CONCLUSIONUndecane from the volatile of N. benthamiana is a critical chemical signal that attracts whiteflies and NbCER3 involved in the biosynthesis of undecane. Undecane may be used to improve the efficiency of yellow sticky traps for whitefly control. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A model‐based approach using GSK3772847, an anti‐interleukin‐33 receptor monoclonal antibody, as a showcase to predict SC administration PK and free target dynamics based on PK and total target measurements after IV administration
Authors: Berkhout Jan , Fairman Dave , van Noort Martijn , van Steeg Tamara J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntegrated modeling of the pharmacokinetic (PK) and target binding, by means of a TMDD model, can provide valuable insights into the expected pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Optimal characterization of the human PK and target binding for mAbs requires data obtained after intravenous (IV) administration which can be combined with subcutaneous (SC) data to further this characterization. Integration of free and/or total target measurements in a population TMDD model will allow quantification of target engagement which is the first step in the cascade leading to efficacy. However, the assays for determination of free target concentrations are analytically challenging and are inherently biased to overpredict the true concentrations in the presence of mAb:target complexes. For that reason, the objective of the current research was to evaluate the predictive value of free target concentrations in a TMDD model developed using PK and total target observations only. Further, a secondary objective was to demonstrate that prediction of SC data is feasible, based on an existing IV model and typical values of mAb parameters reported for SC absorption. GSK3772847, a human immunoglobulin G2 sigma isotype (IgG2f) mAb that binds to the extracellular domain of the interleukin‐33 receptor (IL‐33R or ST2) and neutralizes IL‐33‐mediated ST2 signaling, was used as a model compound for mAbs in this study.
Limitations and Challenges of Antioxidant Therapy
Authors: Al‐Madhagi Haitham , Masoud Anwar 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTOur bodies are constantly exposed to or producing free radicals nearly on a daily basis. These highly reactive molecules are generated through a variety of internal and external processes and pathways within the body. If these free radicals are not neutralized by antioxidants, they can lead to a state of oxidative stress, which has been linked to a wide range of severe and debilitating disorders affecting various systems in the human body. This involves neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, atherosclerosis, fatty liver, inflammation, and aging. Thankfully, the human body is armed with a repertoire of powerful antioxidants with different natures and modes of action. The recent decades witnessed the publication of enormous papers proving antioxidant activity of a novel synthesized compound, plant extract, or a purified drug in vitro, in vivo, and even on human beings. However, the efficacy of antioxidant therapies in clinical trials, including selenium, vitamin C, vitamin E, and vitamin A, has been notably inconsistent. This inconsistency can be primarily ascribed to different factors related to the nature of free radical generation, purpose and the specific type of therapy employed, and the intricate oxidative stress connected network, among others. Collectively, these factors will be explored in this review article to decipher the observed shortcomings in the application of antioxidant therapies within clinical settings.
Towards optimal spatio‐temporal decomposition of control‐related sum‐of‐squares programs
Authors: Cibulka Vít , Korda Milan , Haniš Tomáš 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a method for calculating the Region of Attraction (ROA) of nonlinear dynamical systems, both with and without control. The ROA is determined by solving a hierarchy of semidefinite programs (SDPs) defined on a splitting of the time and state space. Previous works demonstrated that this splitting could significantly enhance approximation accuracy, although the improvement was highly dependent on the ad‐hoc selection of split locations. In this work, we eliminate the need for this ad‐hoc selection by introducing an optimization‐based method that performs the splits through conic differentiation of the underlying semidefinite programming problem. We provide the differentiability conditions for the split ROA problem, prove the absence of a duality gap, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through numerical examples.
Recent advances of organic long persistent luminescence: Design strategy and internal mechanism
Authors: Yang Jie , Chen Zhijian , Fang Manman , Li Zhen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOrganic afterglow materials have drawn increasing attention for their great potential in practical applications. Until now, most of them just show the lifetimes in milliseconds or seconds, while the realization of long persistent luminescence (LPL) lasting for minutes or even hours is difficult. In 2017, Adachi and Kabe successfully realize the LPL with a duration longer than 1 hour in a purely organic system, which can be even comparable to some excellent inorganic materials. However, partially for the unclear structure‐property relationship, organic LPL materials are still rather scarce, especially for the stable ones in air or aqueous solution. In this review, we present the recent progress in organic LPL, mainly focusing on the material design strategy and internal mechanism. It is anticipated that the deep understanding can be beneficial for the further development of organic LPL materials with good stability in air and even aqueous phase.
Nanodiamond‐Assisted High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Weakly Solvated Ether Electrolyte at −40 °C
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhao Mingyu , Zhai Xiaoli , Sun Xiaochen , Cheng Shaoheng , Li Hongdong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRealizing high performances of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) working at low temperatures is a pressing need for the commercial applications of SIBs. In this work, nanodiamonds (NDs) are introduced in diglyme electrolytes (ND‐Diglyme) to significantly improve the low‐temperature performances of SIBs. The corresponding SIB achieves an initial reversible specific capacity of 324 mA h g−1 at −40 °C (slightly decreased from 357 mA h g−1 at 25 °C) and shows a capacity retention ratio of ≈82% after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. Moreover, it shows a capacity as high as 40 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1, nearly five times the date of the pure Diglyme electrolyte. Experimentally reveals that introducing NDs is helpful in inhibiting dendrite growth and improving the cyclic stability of anode at LT, because the ND with strong adsorption to sodium ions can not only assist in forming an effective solid electrolyte interface rich with NaF and Na2CO3 but also effectively reduce the activation energy (decreased from 426.68 to 370.51 meV) during the charge transfer processes. Hence, the proposed ND‐assisted weakly ether electrolyte in this study presents a viable electrolyte additive solution to fulfill the rising low‐temperature demands of SIBs.
Natural Language Processing to assess structure and complexity of system requirements
Authors: Vierlboeck Maximilian , Nilchiani Roshanak , Blackburn Mark 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe development process of a system is shaped by numerous variables that influence its progress and outcome. As a result, complexity can increase throughout the development process, potentially leading to negative consequences, which makes the management of complexity critical. Most development processes begin with the definition of needs and requirements. In this paper, the authors present a novel approach that enables the automated extraction of structure from requirements specifications. The approach uses Natural Language Processing to elicit three structural layers from a set of requirements, which are subsequently analyzed using metrics to assess complexity. In a case study, the approach is demonstrated using a set of 79 requirements, within which 246 individual entities are identified. These entities and the requirements are structured and analyzed using network density and spectral entropy. The metrics allow for interpretation and insight generation, such as identifying an increase in the number of potentially problematic loops. The approach achieved a detection and structural accuracy of over 98% in the given case study and is planned to be expanded with future cases.
SRBD1 Regulates the Cell Cycle, Apoptosis, and M2 Macrophage Polarization via the RPL11‐MDM2‐p53 Pathway in Glioma
Authors: Chen Hongfu , Gao Shuping , Wang Peng , Xie Manyi , Zhang Hui , Fan Yuechao , Nie Er , Lan Qing 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTLow expression of certain ribosomal proteins leads to the inactivation of p53, which is mediated mainly by RPL5 or RPL11 (ribosomal protein L11). It is also unknown what mechanisms drive aberrant ribosomal proteins expression in tumor. SRBD1 (S1 RNA‐binding domain 1), as a highly conserved RNA‐binding protein, is lowly expressed in glioma tissues and correlated with glioma prognosis. In this study, we observed that SRBD1 was closely related to p53 signaling. The upregulation of SRBD1 elevated p53 levels, thereby activating the p53 signaling pathway. As an RNA bind protein, SRBD1 could bind to the 5′‐UTR of target genes and regulate RNA translation. We further conducted RNA immunoprecipitation using anti‐SRDB1 antibody and noticed 29 hub RNA, including RPL11. RPL11 could inhibit MDM2‐mediated p53 ubiquitination. SRBD1 upregulation promoted RPL11 binding to MDM2 via elevating RPL11 protein levels, which in turn activated the p53 signaling. Disrupting the p53 signaling blocked SRBD1‐induced glioma suppression. In mouse xenograft model, SRBD1 ectopic expression was effective in reducing the total M2 tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) density and suppressed glioma tumor growth. In summary, these data show that SRBD1 has a critical role in inhibition of glioma tumor growth and M2 macrophage polarization, and targeting RPL11‐MDM2‐p53 signaling may be an effective strategy to improve therapy and survival for glioma patients.
Elephant Gestation: Insights Into Idiopathic Abortions and Stillbirth
Authors: Huijsmans Tim E. R. G. , Van Soom Ann , Smits Katrien , Wauters Jella , Hagan David , Hildebrandt Thomas B. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe declining African and Asian elephant populations emphasize the importance of a backup population. Successful reproduction in captivity plays a key role in maintaining such a genetically diverse ex situ population but is challenged by reproductive loss in the form of abortions and stillbirths. The elephants’ biphasic prolactin pattern led us to predict a higher incidence of abortions during the time of reduced prolactin concentrations. Therefore, this study focuses on the identification of months during elephant gestation which are prone to loss of pregnancy. A metric was developed to identify the fetal age of aborted calves based on the fetal mass using a regression model. Data on idiopathic abortions in captive and wild elephants collected from zoos, tourist camps, semi‐captive, and free‐ranging populations since 1974 were analyzed, revealing a significantly higher prevalence of abortions during the 15th and 17th month of gestation. Additionally, the prevalence of stillbirths in the 22nd month of gestation between 2000 and 2023 was assessed. Although stillbirths showed a declining trend over time, the average prevalence between 2019 and 2023 was still 2.8%. Consequently, the 15th, 17th, and 22nd month of gestation were identified as stages prone to pregnancy loss. These findings underscore the necessity of researching risk factors and preventative measures for pregnancy loss in these 3 months, especially exploring a possible link with prolactin during the 15th and 17th month of gestation. The identification of stages prone to fetal loss is a key step towards enhancing elephant reproductive success and welfare.
Prediction of Fatigue Lifetime Using a Wavelet Transformation Induced Multi-time Scaling Method and Xfem
Authors: Sun Jian , Löhnert Stefan , Lyu Tengfei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFatigue lifetime prediction due to dynamic crack growth is a significant issue for design and manufacture of engineering components. Damage accumulation in a material on the micro-scale is a main physical mechanism governing crack initiation. For high-cycle fatigue, the number of loading cycles leading to catastrophic fatigue failure can be of the order of millions. The simulation of such processes would be extremely expensive and time-consuming using conventional single time scale methods. In order to overcome this challenging requirement, a wavelet-transformation based multi-time scaling method is successfully adopted in this research to accelerate the prediction of accumulated damage for a large number loading cycles. In this work, the WATMUS technique is coupled with gradient- enhanced damage and the extended finite element method to simulate dynamic crack propagation for a turbine blade.