bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potentiation Following Ballistic and Nonballistic Complexes: The Effect of Strength Level
Authors: Suchomel Timothy J. , Sato Kimitake , DeWeese Brad H. , Ebben William P. , Stone Michael H. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Suchomel, TJ, Sato, K, DeWeese, BH, Ebben, WP, and Stone, MH. Potentiation following ballistic and nonballistic complexes: the effect of strength level. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1825–1833, 2016—The purpose of this study was to compare the temporal profile of strong and weak subjects during ballistic and nonballistic potentiation complexes. Eight strong (relative back squat = 2.1 ± 0.1 times body mass) and 8 weak (relative back squat = 1.6 ± 0.2 times body mass) males performed squat jumps immediately and every minute up to 10 minutes following potentiation complexes that included ballistic or nonballistic concentric-only half-squat (COHS) performed at 90% of their 1 repetition maximum COHS. Jump height (JH) and allometrically scaled peak power (PPa) were compared using a series of 2 × 12 repeated measures analyses of variance. No statistically significant strength level main effects for JH (p = 0.442) or PPa (p = 0.078) existed during the ballistic condition. In contrast, statistically significant main effects for time existed for both JH (p = 0.014) and PPa (p < 0.001); however, no statistically significant pairwise comparisons were present (p > 0.05). Statistically significant strength level main effects existed for PPa (p = 0.039) but not for JH (p = 0.137) during the nonballistic condition. Post hoc analysis revealed that the strong subjects produced statistically greater PPa than the weaker subjects (p = 0.039). Statistically significant time main effects existed for time existed for PPa (p = 0.015), but not for JH (p = 0.178). No statistically significant strength level × time interaction effects for JH (p = 0.319) or PPa (p = 0.203) were present for the ballistic or nonballistic conditions. Practical significance indicated by effect sizes and the relationships between maximum potentiation and relative strength suggest that stronger subjects potentiate earlier and to a greater extent than weaker subjects during ballistic and nonballistic potentiation complexes.
Comparison of Resistance Exercise Perceived Exertion and Muscle Activation at Varied Submaximal Durations, Loads, and Muscle Actions
Authors: Hollander Daniel B. , Worley Jennifer R. , Asoodeh Mike , Wakesa David , Magnuson Matthew , Dantzler Demetra K. , Didier Jennifer J. , Kraemer Robert R. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Hollander, DB, Worley, JR, Asoodeh, M, Wakesa, D, Magnuson, M, Dantzler, DK, Didier, JJ, and Kraemer, RR. Comparison of resistance exercise perceived exertion and muscle activation at varied submaximal durations, loads, and muscle actions. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1387–1394, 2017—Previous studies investigating muscle activation from dynamic, plate-loaded, concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) muscle contractions have not accounted for the greater absolute strength of ECC contractions. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of different dynamic muscle contraction durations, loads, and contraction types (CON and ECC) on perceived exertion and muscle activation differences in 6 women (mean ± SD age, height, weight, body mass index 22.83 ± 2.56 years, 1.65 ± 0.261 m, 68.56 ± 2.72 kg, 25.26 ± 4.39 kg·m−2). The participants were recruited and trained to move weight at the appropriate duration (2, 3, 4, and 5 seconds) for leg extension using a displacement apparatus (sonic emitter, auditory) and a computer program (visual feedback of bar displacement). Concentric and ECC 1 repetition maximum (1RM) were determined for leg extension for the midrange 3-second duration. Thirty, 50, and 70% of either CON or ECC 1RM were loaded for the remainder of the sessions. Subjects were then assigned to complete trials in a counterbalanced fashion for load, contraction type, and contraction duration. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) significantly increased in response to load (30, 50, and 70%) regardless of contraction type as did electromyography (EMG) root mean square amplitude. Greater time under tension significantly increased RPE regardless of contraction type during knee extension exercise. The EMG amplitude was less distinguishable between 2, 3, 4, and 5 seconds of contractions. The data highlight the effort sense distinctions made by women at submaximal exercise loads during knee extension. These findings should be used to develop effective resistance exercise protocols that facilitate positive perceptions and adherence resistance exercise loads, durations of contraction, and contraction type.
Short-Term Effects of Different Loading Schemes in Fitness-Related Resistance Training
Authors: Eifler Christoph 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Eifler, C. Short-term effects of different loading schemes in fitness-related resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1880–1889, 2016—The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the short-term effects of different loading schemes in fitness-related resistance training and to identify the most effective loading method for advanced recreational athletes. The investigation was designed as a longitudinal field-test study. Two hundred healthy mature subjects with at least 12 months' experience in resistance training were randomized in 4 samples of 50 subjects each. Gender distribution was homogenous in all samples. Training effects were quantified by 10 repetition maximum (10RM) and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) testing (pre-post-test design). Over a period of 6 weeks, a standardized resistance training protocol with 3 training sessions per week was realized. Testing and training included 8 resistance training exercises in a standardized order. The following loading schemes were randomly matched to each sample: constant load (CL) with constant volume of repetitions, increasing load (IL) with decreasing volume of repetitions, decreasing load (DL) with increasing volume of repetitions, daily changing load (DCL), and volume of repetitions. For all loading schemes, significant strength gains (p < 0.001) could be noted for all resistance training exercises and both dependent variables (10RM, 1RM). In all cases, DCL obtained significantly higher strength gains (p < 0.001) than CL, IL, and DL. There were no significant differences in strength gains between CL, IL, and DL. The present data indicate that resistance training following DCL is more effective for advanced recreational athletes than CL, IL, or DL. Considering that DCL is widely unknown in fitness-related resistance training, the present data indicate, there is potential for improving resistance training in commercial fitness clubs.
Los conflictos alrededor del “cambio institucional” petrolero venezolano entre 1936 y 1943
Authors: Veloza Fabio Maldonado- 
Published: December 2015

<p align="justify">Los ministros Néstor Luis Pérez (1936-1938) y Manuel Rafael Egaña (1938-1941 y 1949) en el gobierno de López Contreras (1936-1941) hicieron importantes contribuciones al desarrollo del marco institucional petrolero después de muerte de Gómez en diciembre de 1935. La gestión de estos ministros tuvo que enfrentar las demandas que las compañías petroleras internacionales ejercieron en bloque contra la Nación des- de 1937 a raíz de la promulgación de la Ley sobre Hidrocarburos y demás Minerales Combustibles de 1936. Con esa ley, el Estado intentó suprimir la exoneración de dere- cho de importación a las concesiones anteriores a esta. A pesar de que la Nación perdió todas las demandas entre 1938 y 1941, Pérez y Egaña lograron encontrar los mecanis- mos adecuados para compensar esas derrotas jurídicas formales. Con esos mecanismos informales, lograron promocionar los éxitos que desesperadamente necesitaba el Estado venezolano para configurar el cambio institucional que el país estaba pidiendo en cuan- to a obligar a las compañías internacionales a someterse a un régimen de impuestos no específicamente petroleros (derechos de importación). Aquí se examina ese proceso que allanó el camino para el espectacular éxito de la posterior Ley de Hidrocarburos de 1943 desde el enfoque neo institucional de Douglass North.</p>
Racionalidad incompleta: una nueva forma de analizar las crisis económicas
Authors: Segura Camilo Fabiam Gómez , Losada Oscar Hernán Cerquera , Yacue Cristian Felipe Orjuela 
Published: December 2015

<p align="justify">Las crisis económicas se caracterizan por estar relacionadas con los procesos de toma de decisión, sin embargo las fallas de coordinación e información de los mercados generan perturbaciones que causan un gran impacto en las variables macroeconómicas agregadas y por ende en el bienestar social. Debido a estos fenómenos es relevante cuestio- narse y tratar de validar si los agentes económicos todavía tienen ese comportamiento óptimo y maximizador, en donde sus percepciones y expectativas están determinadas por las características y propiedades del entorno, o ¿acaso existen factores que influyen en el procesamiento de la información o en el ambiente en que se generan la toma de decisiones?</p>
La delincuencia sexual: Un análisis jurídico y socio-criminológico
Authors: Peña Aura Elena , Castillo Meiby Estefanía 
Published: December 2015

<p align="justify">En el ámbito jurídico, social y criminológico el tema de la delincuencia es de perentorio abordaje en todas sus dimensiones y tipos, al constituir actos que no se corresponden con la legislación que regula a la sociedad. Concretamente, la delincuencia sexual desde el punto de vista socio-crimonológico constituye un problema inminente en la comuni- dad y que reclama estrategias para su atenuación, las cuales surgen del mismo proceso de la investigación. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la delincuencia sexual desde una perspectiva jurídica y socio-criminológica, con base en su significado, psicopatía, tipología, factores determinantes de las conductas sexuales de tipo desviada, sus consecuencias y la contribución de la criminología en su prevención. La metodología utilizada responde a un paradigma de naturaleza cualitativa, acudiendo a la hermenéutica como técnica de análisis e interpretación del contenido de textos, leyes y artículos científicos en materia de delincuencia. La principal conclusión es que el significado jurídico de la de- lincuencia sexual tiene un contenido diferenciador con respecto al socio-criminológico, por cuanto el primero se orienta hacia la determinación de lo punible, es decir, todo acto contra los bienes, costumbres y el buen orden de la familia, a los cuales se les asigna un castigo de naturaleza penal y, el segundo, se dirige hacia la determinación del delito asociado a la criminalidad sexual, como problema social y comunitario, el cual debe encontrar fórmulas de solución en las normas positivas.</p>
La demanda de dinero y las innovaciones financieras en Venezuela: equilibrio de largo plazo
Authors: Zerpa Armando Rodríguez , Mora José U. Mora 
Published: December 2015

<p align="justify">Dado que los resultados obtenidos en la literatura no muestran consenso sobre el im- pacto de las innovaciones financieras en la demanda de dinero, este trabajo investiga sobre la estabilidad de la demanda de dinero de largo plazo en Venezuela en presencia de innovaciones financieras durante el periodo: 1984Q1- 2008Q4 mediante un análisis de cointegración. Para ello, se construye la razón circulante/depósitos (CD) y una varia- ble <em>ratchet </em>(RCD), a partir de la anterior, a objeto de medir el efecto de las innovaciones financieras. La evidencia empírica revela que existe una relación de equilibrio de largo plazo entre el logaritmo de los saldos reales, el logaritmo del nivel del ingreso real, la tasa de interés real, la tasa de inflación, la tasa de depreciación de la moneda local, y las innovaciones financieras, pudiendo interpretarse esta relación como una demanda dine- ro. Esto sugiere que cuando se introducen nuevos instrumentos financieros, se produce una disminución en la demanda de saldos reales, lo cual induce a pensar que los agentes económicos realizan una reasignación de sus recursos que afecta la composición del portafolio, y por tanto, la demanda de dinero, siendo este evento muy propio de econo- mías caracterizadas por elevadas y persistentes tasas de inflación, problemas de balanza de pagos, inestabilidad en el mercado cambiario e incertidumbre económica y política.</p>
Estado, planificación y cambio institucional en Venezuela (1936-1941)
Authors: De Delgado Luz Marina Rondón , De Medina Virginia Rondón 
Published: December 2015

<p align="justify">En el presente trabajo se muestra que el Sistema Nacional de Planificación de 1958 fue el resultado de un proceso que se inició con el ascenso al poder de Eleazar López Contreras en 1936. Así, durante su gobierno, concurrieron acciones ejecutadas por el Estado que teóricamente han sido definidas como facilitadoras de los objetivos de la planificación: Un diagnóstico y un conjunto de políticas presentados en el Programa de Febrero de 1936, y un plan de acción con su respectivo presupuesto, propuesto en el Plan Trienal de 1939. La contundencia de la intervención se plasmó en las distintas realizaciones, tantos institucionales como materiales, que llevaron a Venezuela a la mo- dernización. El estudio se desarrolla siguiendo el enfoque neoinstitucional de Douglass North.</p>
¿Futuro limitado de la integración latinoamericana para impulsar el desarrollo?
Authors: Roldán Ignacio Gómez , Norato Olga García 
Published: December 2015

El fortalecimiento de los procesos de integración económica estimula el desarrollo de los mercados latinoamericanos, con lo que contribuye a la construcción de la política económica que fortalece la industrialización. El propósito del presente documento es analizar los criterios tenidos en cuenta para la industrialización de los países latinoame- ricanos y el papel de la integración latinoamericana con miras a identificar sus efectos reales en su desarrollo. La metodología consiste en una revisión bibliográfica que pone de relieve el papel y el contexto de los procesos de integración, y sus efectos esperados en las últimas décadas. Para ello, se revisan los siguientes aspectos: argumentos tradicionales de política para impulsar el desarrollo; integración económica como mecanismo de la política comercial favorecedora del progreso; cambios inesperados en el sector petrolero mundial; industrialización por sustitución de importaciones; revisión del mercado interno de las regiones; la des-industrialización al implantar ideas neoliberales, y el aumento de los acuerdos de libre comercio que profundizan la apertura y la globalización, con el propósito de ampliar los mercados, pero que estrangulan procesos de integración y vaticinan la muerte de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN). Entre los hallazgos más relevantes de esta reflexión, está el papel secundario e irrelevante que ha cobrado el proceso de integración de la CAN, habida cuenta de que las negociaciones bilaterales (con Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea) y otros tratados condujeron a mayor vulnerabilidad de las subregiones. Los países latinoamericanos se desprotegieron ante los países que consideraban como amenazas sus procesos de industrialización y desarrollo. Esto favoreció el aumento de las importaciones de bienes industriales a la vez que se han dado procesos de desindustrialización.
Verordnung über europäische langfristige Investmentfonds (ELTIF-VO) – Langfristigkeit im Sinne der Kleinanleger?
Authors: Zetzsche Dirk 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die ELTIF-VO soll der europäischen Realwirtschaft langfristiges Kapital zuführen. Der Beitrag ordnet die maßgeblichen Verordnungsregeln in den Kontext des europäischen und einzelstaatlichen Finanzmarktrechts ein und untersucht, ob eine Balance erreicht wurde, die den ELTIF zu einem für Anleger und Volkswirtschaft gleichermaßen nützlichen und damit potenziell erfolgreichen Finanzprodukt macht.
THE CARDIOVASCULAR IMPACT OF VISFATIN - AN INFLAMMATION PREDICTOR BIOMARKER IN METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Mocan Hognogi Larisa Diana , Simiti Luminita Vida 
Published: December 2015

As it had been already stated by latest research, inflammation is a condition which sits at the very base of atherogenesis, which is the major consequence of the metabolic syndrome. It was stated that adipose tissue impacts all organs by the synthesis of adipokines. Visfatin/NAMPT is a biomarker that was recently discovered in mice (2005). In the beginning it was believed to have insulin-like properties, but afterwards research has found important links between Visfatin and inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in coronary artery disease. It was also linked to plaque instability in acute coronary syndromes. More studies are needed though, to clearly state whether Visfatin/NAMPT has a positive or negative role because, up until now, the only sure fact is that its serum levels correlate with the presence of an inflammatory state.
FACEBOOK AS A MEDIATION TOOL IN BIOCHEMISTRY DISCIPLINE
Authors: Gomes P. X. , Pinho T. S. , Hornink G. G. 
Published: December 2015

Introduction: The current students generation are daily connected to the Internet, wich encourages the use of mobile tools in education. Many of the students of Biochemistry feel apprehensive about the discipline and the use of facebook may contribute, among other factors, motivating them. Objectives: It was analyzed the use of facebook as a mediator and motivator in the discipline of Biochemistry, basing on socioconstrutivist interventions. Material and methods: This work was developed in the action-research perspective, using the quali-quantitative method. An investigative questionnaire was used, using Likert scale and open questions, to investigate the facebook use, as well as the preferences of students, focusing on Biochemistry group in the Biomedicine course. The posts were analyzed identifying: frequency of the interaction`s types (post, comment, likes); interaction's categories (question, answer, motivational); and the content itself of the post. Results: It was highlighted students' interest to search materials, answering questions, and especially seeking information about the discipline. It was emphasized that the group was motivating for learning Biochemistry, encouragement the group to study, with quick and easy access to the professor by chat. Conclusions: The results indicate a preference for students at facebook, with a great motivational potential, is at easy access to colleagues, professor and monitor, or even the ease of obtaining the materials and ask questions in real time, indicating that this tool as a possible way, still little explored, to enhance the teaching of Biochemistry.
Symposium 3 - Science Education “Leopoldo de Meis”: The Critical Importance of Science Education for Society
Authors: Albert Bruce 
Published: December 2015

Symposium 3 - Science Education “Leopoldo de Meis” Chair: Wagner Seixas da Silva, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroAbstract:Three ambitious goals for science education:1. Enable all children to acquire the problem-solving, thinking, and communication skills of scientists – so that they can be productive and competitive in the new world economy.2. Generate a “scientific temper” for each nation, with scientifically trained people in many professions, ensuring the rationality and the tolerance essential for a democratic society.3. Help each nation generate new scientific knowledge and technology by casting the widest possible net for talent.My preferred strategy for the United States:1. Science education should have a much larger role in all school systems, but only if this science education is of a different kind than is experienced in most schools today.2. Making such a change will require a redefinition of what we mean by the term “science education”.3. To create continually improving education systems, we will need much more collaborative, effective, and use-inspired education research - research that is focused on real school needs and that integrates the best school teachers into the work.4. Our best teachers need to have a much larger voice in helping to steer our national and state policies, as well as in our local school systems!
Editorial: is Game-Based Math Learning Finally Coming of Age?
Authors: Kiili Kristian Juha Mikael , Devlin Keith , Multisilta Jari 
Published: December 2015

Acquisition of mathematical skills is crucial for today’s society. Individuals who experience difficulties in learning basic mathematics can be at a great disadvantage in their professional lives. Nevertheless, fewer research efforts have been directed toward mathematical development and mathematical difficulties than toward some other areas of development, such as language and literacy. In fact, it has been argued that at an individual level, insufficient mathematical competencies may be even more harmful to career prospects than reading or spelling deficiencies. From a societal perspective, mathematical deficiencies can lead to significant costs. Thus, it is important to develop more engaging and effective methods that can be used to enhance children’s conceptual understanding of mathematics, develop mathematical thinking processes, and improve arithmetical skills. Digital games provide interesting possibilities to support and study mathematical development. Yes, whereas it is easy to find online mathematics training solutions, games, and apps, only a small fraction of existing mathematics learning games are founded on theoretically sound principles, integrate mathematics directly into the gameplay, rely on good pedagogical practices, and really utilize the possibilities that game technologies provide for learning.
The Bicentennial of ‘1813-1815’ and National History Writing: Remarks on a New Consensus
Authors: Lok Matthijs 
Published: December 2015

In this article the problem of (dis)continuity after 1815 is addressed from the perspective of the Northern Netherlands. First, the contemporary view isexamined. Because of the impossibility of finding a useful national past, the United Kingdom was founded on a promise for future. Secondly, the perspective shifts to the bicentennial of 1813-1815. The article argues that the bicentennial saw the establishment of a new historiographical consensus: the formerly ignored Batavian revolution is now firmly incorporated in the national historical narrative of ‘1813’. Nevertheless, many subjects such as the Napoleonic era, the interaction between social and political history, conservatism and the security state still deserve further research. De tweehonderdjarige herdenking van ‘1813-1815’ en de nationale geschiedschrijving. Opmerkingen over een nieuwe consensusIn dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de problematiek van (dis)continuïteit vanuit Noord-Nederlands perspectief. Ten eerste wordt het perspectief van de tijdgenoten van 1813 bestudeerd en de vergeefse zoektocht naar een bruikbaar gemeenschappelijk verleden voor het Verenigd Koninkrijk. Vervolgens wordt gekeken naar het belang van de herdenking van 2015 voor de Nederlandse geschiedwetenschap. Betoogd wordt dat een nieuwe wetenschappelijke consensus is ontstaan waarbij de erfenis van de Bataafse Revolutie geïncorporeerd is in het bestaande nationale narratief van 1813, maar ook worden verschillende onderwerpen aangestipt die tot op heden nog onvoldoende aandacht hebben gekregen ondanks de veelheid aan publicaties over ‘1813’ in de afgelopen jaren.