bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible multimaterial fibers in modern biomedical applications
Authors: Kim Jongwoon , Jia Xiaoting 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Biomedical devices are indispensable in modern healthcare, significantly enhancing patients’ quality of life. Recently, there has been a drastic increase in innovations for the fabrication of biomedical devices. Amongst these fabrication methods, the thermal drawing process has emerged as a versatile and scalable process for the development of advanced biomedical devices. By thermally drawing a macroscopic preform, which is meticulously designed and integrated with functional materials, hundreds of meters of multifunctional fibers are produced. These scalable flexible multifunctional fibers are embedded with functionalities such as electrochemical sensing, drug delivery, light delivery, temperature sensing, chemical sensing, pressure sensing, etc. In this review, we summarize the fabrication method of thermally drawn multifunctional fibers and highlight recent developments in thermally drawn fibers for modern biomedical application, including neural interfacing, chemical sensing, tissue engineering, cancer treatment, soft robotics and smart wearables. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges and future directions of this rapidly growing field.
Co-creating a Mpox Elimination Campaign in the WHO European Region: The Central Role of Affected Communities
Authors: Palumbo Leonardo , Picchio Camila A , Barbier Franck , Calderon-Cifuentes Amanita , James Jules , Lunchenkov Nikolay , Nutland Will , Owen Greg , Orkin Chloe , Rocha Miguel , Shanley Adam , Stevenson Luca , Vinti Pietro , Salvi Cristiana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Between May 2022 and September 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe engaged in a collaborative effort with affected communities to address the outbreak of mpox in the region. This concerted endeavor led to the development of a risk communication campaign specifically tailored to address the perceptions and needs of the target audience, thereby contributing to the control and the long-term goal of mpox elimination.
Various community engagement interventions were implemented, including the establishment of an informal civil society organizations’ working group to provide feedback on the WHO mpox campaign, webinars targeting event organizers, and roundtable discussions with country-level responders. The invaluable feedback garnered from the community was utilized to customize materials and extend outreach to groups that may have been overlooked in the initial response.
This successful initiative underscored the immense potential of placing communities at the forefront of emergency response efforts, equipping them with the necessary resources, engagement, and empowerment. This offers 1 model of co-creation that can be applied to health emergencies. It is asserted that the pivotal role played by communities in this response should be recognized as a valuable lesson and incorporated into all emergency responses, ensuring sustained community involvement and empowerment throughout the entire emergency cycle.
Exhaled Breath Condensate Surveillance for Aspergillus in Acute Leukemia—a Pilot Trial
Authors: Bitterman Roni , Arora Simran , Ng Chun Fai , Walti Laura , Ahmad Syed Zain , Safi Toufik , Gupta Vikas , Husain Shahid 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Invasive fungal infections in patients with leukemia carry a high mortality rate, but early diagnosis has the potential to modify this natural history. A novel screening method using Aspergillus droplet-digital polymerase chain reaction in exhaled breath condensate may have a similar performance to serum galactomannan screening. Larger studies, including other molds, are necessary.
Is the low-energy tail of shock-accelerated protons responsible for over-ionized plasma in supernova remnants?
Authors: Sawada Makoto , Gu Liyi , Yamazaki Ryo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Over-ionized, recombining plasma is an emerging class of X-ray bright supernova remnants (SNRs). This unique thermal state, where the ionization temperature ($T_{\rm z}$) is significantly higher than the electron temperature ($T_{\rm e}$), is not expected from the standard evolution model that assumes a point explosion in a uniform interstellar medium, thus requiring a new scenario for the dynamical and thermal evolution. A recently proposed idea attributes the over-ionization state to additional ionization contribution from the low-energy tail of shock-accelerated protons. However, this new scenario has been left untested, especially from the atomic physics point of view. We report calculation results of the proton impact ionization rates of heavy-element ions in ejecta of SNRs. We conservatively estimate the requirement for accelerated protons, and find that their relative number density to thermal electrons needs to be higher than $5\ (k T_{\rm e}/1\:\mbox{keV})\%$ in order to explain the observed over-ionization degree at $T_{\rm z}/T_{\rm e} \ge 2$ for K-shell emission. We conclude that the proton ionization scenario is not feasible because such a high abundance of accelerated protons is prohibited by the injection fraction from thermal to non-thermal energies, which is expected to be $\sim\! 1\%$ at most.
Progressive heterogeneity of enlarged and irregularly shaped apicoplasts in Plasmodium falciparum persister blood stages after drug treatment
Authors: Micchelli Chiara E , Percopo Caroline , Traver Maria , Brzostowski Joseph , Amin Shuchi N , Prigge Sean T , Sá Juliana M , Wellems Thomas E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Morphological modifications and shifts in organelle relationships are hallmarks of dormancy in eukaryotic cells. Communications between altered mitochondria and nuclei are associated with metabolic quiescence of cancer cells that can survive chemotherapy. In plants, changes in the pathways between nuclei, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are associated with cold stress and bud dormancy. Plasmodium falciparum parasites, the deadliest agent of malaria in humans, contain a chloroplast-like organelle (apicoplast) derived from an ancient photosynthetic symbiont. Antimalarial treatments can fail because a fraction of the blood-stage parasites enter dormancy and recrudesce after drug exposure. Altered mitochondrial–nuclear interactions in these persisters have been described for P. falciparum, but interactions of the apicoplast remained to be characterized. In the present study, we examined the apicoplasts of persisters obtained after exposure to dihydroartemisinin (a first-line antimalarial drug) followed by sorbitol treatment, or after exposure to sorbitol treatment alone. As previously observed, the mitochondrion of persisters was consistently enlarged and in close association with the nucleus. In contrast, the apicoplast varied from compact and oblate, like those of active ring-stage parasites, to enlarged and irregularly shaped. Enlarged apicoplasts became more prevalent later in dormancy, but regular size apicoplasts subsequently predominated in actively replicating recrudescent parasites. All three organelles, nucleus, mitochondrion, and apicoplast, became closer during dormancy. Understanding their relationships in erythrocytic-stage persisters may lead to new strategies to prevent recrudescences and protect the future of malaria chemotherapy.
Merit recruitment, professional advancement opportunities and prosocial rule-breaking among public servants in Greece
Authors: Hennessy Alexandra , Choulis Ioannis , Siakas George 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Public servants have a significant impact on peoples’ lives, but we don’t have many reliable estimates of how many employees engage in prosocial rule-breaking (PSRB), a form of constructive deviance. We collected original survey data (N = 497) among a representative sample of Greek public servants and implemented a list experiment to gauge how pervasive PSRB is in Greece’s public sector. Greece is a particularly useful setting in which to study PSRB as the euro crisis created strong reform pressure. We find that public servants who were hired via merit competitions are not less likely to break rules, but this is conditional on their beliefs about career prospects and the fairness of the promotion system. They perceive the professional reward system as biased towards those with political connections and compensate for lack of efficiency by doing favours. This finding raises concerns about the quality of EU reform assessments.
Aligning Greece’s Regulatory Governance With International Transformative Principles and Objectives: The Case of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Authors: Kailis Alexandros 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The article highlights the importance that the international dimension of the regulatory context of draft legislation acquires for the drafting of effective regulation. It attempts to demonstrate the added value that the integrated incorporation of fundamental regulatory principles and objectives derived from influential global regulatory texts enjoying full acceptance, like the UN Resolution on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, brings to a country’s regulatory governance. From an empirical perspective, the article focuses on a thorough analysis of the degree to which Greece’s law-making process is interconnected and aligned with core regulatory principles of the 2030 Agenda, such as the principle of policy coherence, the evidence-based principle, and the principle of inclusion. It examines the key instruments, procedures, and ways in which these principles are appropriately mainstreamed into the Greek legislative process and the institutional and policy framework of the Government on which its legislative interventions are founded. As a case study, the alignment and coherence of the provisions of a specific law pertaining to tourism development with the overarching regulatory principles of the UN 2030 Agenda are examined. Τhe concluding part presents some proposals that could contribute to improving the way the SDGs are effectively mainstreamed into Greece’s legislative process.
Effective attenuation of Paraquat induced oxidative stress and Genotoxicity in testicular germ cells by vitamin E in Caprines
Authors: Rathee Vishavjeet , Bikal Prerna , Siwach Anshu , Bhardwaj Jitender Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Toxicological empirical research suggests that excessive utilization of paraquat, an herbicide, shows detrimental consequences on mammalian reproductive toxicity. The current study aims to study it as a reproductive toxin on the caprine testicular cells at 4- and 6-hour exposure duration. Paraquat treatment decreased the cell viability percentage and induced histological architectural alterations such as disruption of germinal epithelium, vacuolization, and pyknotic nuclei in the testis. The differential EB/AO staining also revealed an increased incidence of apoptosis after paraquat treatment at both dosages, i.e. 10 mM and 100 mM. Paraquat also induces oxidative stress, as evident via increased Malondialdehyde levels (a byproduct of lipid peroxidation) and a decline in the antioxidant capacity (FRAP). However, co-administration of Vitamin E significantly reduced the paraquat-mediated decline in cell viability percentage, histological alterations, and apoptosis incidences and generated oxidative stress, indicating its antioxidative properties against paraquat exposure. This research concludes that Vitamin E co-administration considerably reduced the toxicity of paraquat elicited in testicles, suggesting that Vitamin E may have advantageous potential in preventing the male gonadotoxicity caused by paraquat use in agriculture.
MAD2L1 supports MYC-driven liver carcinogenesis in mice and predicts poor prognosis in human hepatocarcinoma
Authors: Lu Xinjun , Zhang Ya , Xue Jiahao , Evert Matthias , Calvisi Diego , Chen Xin , Wang Xue 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Mitotic arrest-deficient 2 like 1 (MAD2L1) is a component of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint implicated in cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. The functional role of MAD2L1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been adequately investigated, especially in vivo. In the current manuscript, we sought to address the function of MAD2L1 in hepatocarcinogenesis. We found that MAD2L1 expression is upregulated in human HCCs, where its expression is associated with higher aggressive tumor grade, elevated proliferative activity, and poor prognosis. In human HCC cell lines, MAD2L1 knockdown led to decreased cell growth. Moreover, RNA-seq results demonstrated that MAD2L1 silencing induces the expression of genes associated with cell cycle, DNA replication, and various cancer-related pathways, supporting the critical role of MAD2L1 during HCC growth and differentiation. In a c-MYC-induced mouse HCC model, we revealed an increased expression of Mad2l1. Furthermore, Mad2l1 CRIPSR-mediated silencing prevented c-MYC-driven mouse liver development. Altogether, our study suggests that MAD2L1 plays a crucial role in hepatocarcinogenesis, and that its suppression could be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating human HCC.
MAD2L1 plays a critical role in liver cancer development, silencing MAD2L1 reduced cell growth in vitro and inhibited c-MYC-driven liver cancer development in vivo. MAD2L1 suppression might be a promising therapeutic approach for treating human liver cancer.
Promoting identification of obstructive sleep apnea among patients with psychiatric conditions
Authors: Smith Delaine , Toerber-Clark Jody 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent but remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Recognizing OSA in patients with psychiatric disorders can be challenging due to the conditions' overlapping symptoms. To aid primary care NPs in identifying OSA among patients with psychiatric disorders, this article examines overlapping symptoms and outlines diagnostic reasoning. It also provides an overview of the anatomy and neurotransmitters involved in OSA, as well as OSA-specific screening tools and risk stratification, to promote the condition's identification among this population.
Gender Differences in Clinical Performance Assessment of Internal Medicine Residents: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Influence of Faculty and Trainee Gender
Authors: Klein Robin , Julian Katherine A. , Koch Jennifer , Snyder Erin D. , Jassal Simerjot , Simon Wendy , Millard Alex , Uthlaut Brian , Burnett-Bowie Sherri-Ann M. , Ufere Nneka N. , Alba-Nguyen Sarah , Volerman Anna , Thompson Vanessa , Kumar Anshul , White B.A. , Park Yoon Soo , Palamara Kerri ,   for the Gender Equity in Medicine Workgroup
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Competency-based medical education relies on equitable assessment. This study examined the influence of faculty and trainee gender on assessments of internal medicine (IM) resident performance over time.

Method
A longitudinal analysis of clinical performance assessments from 7 U.S. IM residency programs (July 2014–June 2019) was conducted. Core competency scores (patient care [PC], medical knowledge [MK], practice-based learning and improvement [PBLI], systems-based practice [SBP], professionalism [PROF], and interpersonal and communication skills [ICS]) were standardized across programs. Cross-classified mixed-effects linear regression evaluated the relationship between gender and standardized competency scores within training programs, while adjusting for multiple variables including IM In Training Examination percentile rank.

Results
Data included 9,346 evaluations by 1,011 faculty (552 [55%] men, 459 [45%] women) for 664 residents (358 [54%] men, 306 [46%] women). Initially, women residents’ scores were significantly lower than men’s in PC (estimated difference [standard error], −0.097 [0.033]; P = .004), MK (−0.145 [0.034], P < .001), and PBLI (−0.090 [0.040], P = .022). PC, MK, PBLI, and SBP scores increased more over time for women residents than men (PC: 0.050 [0.015], P = .001; MK: 0.052 [0.015], P = .001; PBLI: 0.036 [0.018], P = .048; SBP: 0.036 [0.016], P = .027). PROF and ICS scores were comparable across gender. There was a significant interaction between faculty gender and postgraduate year (PGY) across all competencies but none between resident gender, faculty gender, and PGY, indicating that men and women faculty rated residents differently over time but were consistent in how they rated men and women residents.

Conclusions
Gender-based assessment differences were variable across competencies and time. Women residents had lower scores initially but greater gains in “hard skill” (MK, PC, and PBLI) than in “soft skill” (ICS and PROF) competencies, suggesting assessment inequities. Efforts to ensure equitable assessment are needed.
Doubly Marginalized: The Interplay of Racism and Disability in Outcomes for Minoritized People With Down Syndrome
Authors: Tewolde Salina , Scott Ashley , Higgins Alianna , Blake Jasmine , Michals Amy , Fox Matthew P. , Tripodis Yorghos , Rubenstein Eric 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Intersectionality, or the multidimensional influence of social identity and systems of power, may drive increased morbidity and mortality for adults of color with Down syndrome. We documented racial and ethnic differences in death and hospitalizations among Medicaid-enrolled adults with Down syndrome and assessed the interaction of racial–ethnic group and Down syndrome.

Methods:
Our sample consisted of 119,325 adults with Down syndrome and >3.2 million adults without intellectual disability enrolled in Medicare at any point from 2011 to 2019. We calculated age-adjusted mortality and hospitalization rates by racial–ethnic group among those with Down syndrome. We examined the additive interaction between Down syndrome and racial and ethnic group on mortality and hospitalization rates.

Results:
Among those with Down syndrome, age-adjusted mortality rate did not differ between Black and White racial groups (rate ratio: 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92, 1.01), while the mortality rate was lower for Pacific Islanders (0.80), Asian (0.71), Native (0.77), and mixed-race groups (0.50). Hospitalization rates were higher for all marginalized groups compared to the White group. When assessing the interaction between racial–ethnic group and Down syndrome, Black, Native Americans, and mixed-race groups exhibited a negative additive interaction for mortality rate, and all groups except Native Americans exhibited positive additive interaction for hospitalization.

Conclusions:
Increased hospitalization rates for adults with Down syndrome from marginalized racial and ethnic groups suggest worse health and healthcare. Similar mortality rates across racial and ethnic groups may result from an increased infant mortality rate in marginalized groups with Down syndrome, leading to reduced mortality among those surviving to adulthood.
User engagement with home blood pressure monitoring: a multinational cohort using real-world data collected with a connected device
Authors: Rech Jean-Simon , Postel-Vinay Nicolas , Vercamer Vincent , de Villèle Paul , Steichen Olivier 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
Connected blood pressure (BP) monitors provide reliable data when used properly. Our objective was to analyse the engagement of real-world users with self-measurements.

Methods:
We included adult first-time users of a connected BP monitor from July 2019 to March 2021. They were categorized as persistent users if they continued to use the device between 311 and 400 days after inclusion. We defined a criterion to analyse the timing of self-measurements: at least 12 measurements performed within three consecutive days, at least once every 90 days. Persistent users were clustered by state sequence analysis according to the consistency of their BP monitor measurement timing with this criterion during 1 year of follow-up.

Results:
Among the 22 177 included users, 11 869 (54%) were persistent during the first year. Their use was consistent with the timing criterion 25% (median) of this time (first and third quartiles: 0%, 50%) and four patterns of use were identified by clustering: 5215 persistent users (44%) only performed occasional sparse measurements, 4054 (34%) complied at the start of follow-up up to eight cumulated months, 1113 (9%) complied at least once during later follow-up up to eight cumulated months, and the remaining 1487 (13%) complied nine or more cumulated months of follow-up.

Conclusion:
Although connected BP monitors can collect a high volume of data, the real-life timing of self-measurements is far from recommended schedules. We must promote the use of BP monitors as recommended by guidelines and/or learn to analyse more occasional and sparse measurements.
Factors Predicting Slow Visual Recovery Following Myopic Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Safir Margarita , Ramon Dan , Kaiserman Igor , Sela Tzahi , Munzer Gur , Sorkin Nir , Mimouni Michael 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To identify factors predicting slow visual recovery following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods:
This retrospective study included consecutive patients who underwent PRK between January 2005 and December 2019 at Care Vision Laser Center, Tel Aviv, Israel. Myopic patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether they experienced normal recovery of visual acuity (within 60 days) or slow visual recovery (>60 days). Visual recovery was defined as achieving an efficacy index of 0.9 or greater. Efficacy index was calculated as postoperative uncorrected visual acuity/preoperative best corrected visual acuity. A comparison of baseline and intraoperative parameters was performed. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify potential predictors of slow visual recovery.

Results:
Overall, 4868 eyes were included. The mean age was 25.9 ± 7.7 years, and 53.9% were male. The slow visual recovery group (39.3%, n = 1911/4868) was older (P < 0.001) and had greater refractive astigmatism (P < 0.001) with a larger proportion of recent contact lens wearers (P = 0.002). The slow recovery group had larger optic zone treatments (P < 0.001), alcohol-assisted PRK (vs. transepithelial PRK) (P < 0.001), and greater maximum ablation depth (P < 0.001). In binary logistic regression, older age (P < 0.001), higher refractive astigmatism (P = 0.01), recent contact lens wear (P = 0.01), greater optic zone treatment (P = 0.001), and alcohol-assisted PRK (P < 0.001) remained significant predictors of slow visual recovery.

Conclusions:
Slow visual recovery was observed in ∼40% of patients following myopic PRK. Older age, greater refractive astigmatism, recent contact lens wear, greater optic zone treatment, and alcohol-assisted PRK were associated with slow visual recovery.