bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the antioxidant, thrombolytic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant and anxiolytic activities of leaf extracts and fractions of Tetracera sarmentosa (L.) Vahl
Authors: Uddin Mir Muhammad Nasir , Kabir Mohammad Shah Hafez , Hasan Mahmud , Al Mahmud Zobaer , Alam Bhuiya N. M. Mahmudul , Ahmed Farhan , Hasan Md. Rakibul , Hosen Mohammad Tanvir , Alam Mohammad Shahin 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background:
The plant under investigation (Tetracera sarmentosa) is a dicotyledonous flowering plant and belongs to the family Dilleniaceae. The goal of our investigation was to determine whether the leaf extracts of this plant held any significant medicinal properties.

Methods:
Leaves of T. sarmentosa were extracted with pure ethanol (EETS) and methanol (METS), and then methanol extract fractioned with n-hexane (NHFMETS) and chloroform (CHFMETS). The extracts and fractions were tested for antioxidant activity, which was measured by using qualitative and quantitative procedures. Thrombolytic activity was evaluated by the clot lysis test. Analgesic activity was evaluated employing the acidic acid-induced writhing test, the formalin-induced paw licking test and tail immersion on Swiss albino mice. The anti-inflammatory activity test was studied using the paw edema test. Forced swimming, tail suspension, elevated plus maze and hole board model tests were used to evaluate neuropharmacological activity.

Results:
All the extracts and fractions possessed antioxidant effects. All the extracts, fractions and streptokinase exhibited significant (p<0.0001) clot lysis. The extracts and fractions produced significant analgesic effects as evaluated by the acetic acid writhing test, the formalin-induced paw licking test and the tail immersion method. Similarly, carrageenan-induced inflammation was significantly antagonized by the treatments. The extracts and fractions also significantly showed neuropharmacological (antidepressant and anxiolytic) effects.

Conclusions:
The overall results suggested that this plant deserves further investigation to isolate the active compounds which are responsible for these activities and to establish the mechanism of action.
Performance Investigation of 2-D Optical Orthogonal Codes for OCDMA
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Bharti Manisha , Kumar Tanya 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this paper, comparative analysis of code performance of dissimilar optical 2-D codes from Optical Orthogonal code family has been studied. Optical 2-D codes considered from OOC family are (n,w,1,2) OOC, SPS/OOC, OCFHC/OOC, EPC/OCS and VWOOC. By utilizing hard limiting error probability (HEP) equations and combinatorial method, code performance of each considered code is evaluated in detail. On the basis of detailed comparative performance analysis, EPC/OCS is concluded as best performing codes among all other optical codes under consideration. EPC/OCS possesses much better correlation properties, along with lower hit probability values which are responsible for its supremacy in performance characteristics to the other OOCs considered.
Experimental demonstration of an optical Feynman gate for reversible logic operation using silicon micro-ring resonators
Authors: Tian Yonghui , Liu Zilong , Ying Tonghe , Xiao Huifu , Meng Yinghao , Deng Lin , Zhao Yongpeng , Guo Anqi , Liao Miaomiao , Liu Guipeng , Yang Jianhong 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Currently, the reversible logic circuit is a popular research topic in the field of information processing as it is a most effective approach to minimize power consumption, which can achieve the one-to-one mapping function to identify the input signals from its corresponding output signals. In this letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an optical Feynman gate for reversible logic operation using silicon micro-ring resonators (MRRs). Two electrical input signals (logic operands) are applied across the micro-heaters above MRRs to determine the switching states of MRRs, and the reversible logic operation results are directed to the output ports in the form of light, respectively. For proof of concept, the thermo-optic modulation scheme is used to achieve MRR’s optical switching function. At last, a Feynman gate for reversible logic operation with the speed of 10 kbps is demonstrated successfully.
What If Quantum Theory Violates All Mathematics?
Authors: Rosinger Elemér Elad 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
It is shown by using a rather elementary argument in Mathematical Logic that if indeed, quantum theory does violate the famous Bell Inequalities, then quantum theory must inevitably also violate all valid mathematical statements, and in particular, such basic algebraic relations like 0 = 0, 1 = 1, 2 = 2, 3 = 3, … and so on …
An interest in that result is due to the following three alternatives which it imposes upon both Physics and Mathematics:

Quantum Theory is inconsistent.

Quantum Theory together with Mathematics are inconsistent.

Mathematics is inconsistent.

In this regard one should recall that, up until now, it is not known whether Mathematics is indeed consistent.
Modeling and Simulation for an 8 kW Three-Phase Grid-Connected Photo-Voltaic Power System
Authors: Cen Zhaohui 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Gird-connected Photo-Voltaic (PV) systems rated as 5-10 kW level have advantages of scalability and energy-saving, so they are very typical for small-scale household solar applications. In this paper, an 8 kW three-phase grid-connected PV system model is proposed and studied. In this high-fidelity model, some basic PV system components such as solar panels, DC-DC converters, DC-AC inverters and three-phase utility grids are mathematically modelled and organized as a complete simulation model. Also, an overall power controller with Maximum Power Point Control (MPPT) is proposed to achieve both high-efficiency for solar energy harvesting and grid-connection stability. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the PV system model and the proposed controller, and power quality issues are discussed.
Overweight and Obesity in Relation to Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among University Students in Malaysia
Authors: Phing Chee Huei , Hoa Lee Syeh , Hua Tan Xue 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background and aims: In light of the urbanization, industrialization and mechanized transportation, cardiovascular risk factors have been predominated. Hence, it is hypothesized that Malaysian students entering the university would not be oblivious to this reality. The study aims to investigate the cardiovascular disease risk factors stratified on genders and body weight status.

Material and Methods: This pilot study had a cross-sectional design. Subjects were assessed for several parameters such as smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, weight, height, physical activity level, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, pulse rate, glucose, uric acid and cholesterol level. Subjects were students aged 18 years and above who agreed to participate.

Results: Males have higher mean height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio compared to females (p<0.05). In addition, males have higher mean value for systolic blood pressure (p<0.05), diastolic blood pressure, glucose level, uric acid level and cholesterol level, but lower mean value for pulse rate. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure correlated significantly with the three obesity indices, explicitly body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio(p<0.05).

Conclusions: It is crucial to implement intervention programs for those individuals with high risk in developing cardiovascular diseases.
Why Should be the Strategy of Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Radically Changed
Authors: Gmitrov Juraj 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Insulin resistance is a root cause of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) appearing long time before the outbreak of hyperglycemia. On molecular level, a complex impairment of various biochemical processes occurs, the most important being the failure of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymatic chain responsible for activation of glucose transporters and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Therefore, in insulin resistant states the defect of glucose utilization is coupled with NO deficit and vasodilatory impairment, generating a huge body of residual cardiovascular risk. However, majority of drugs administered to treat T2DM (sulfonylureas, high doses of insulin) even amplify this malignant relationship, reflected by aggravated obesity, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension. Early and tight glycemic control strategy is helpful to prevent cardiovascular complications in younger diabetics and harmful for long lasting diabetes in older patients, dying mostly from macrovascular complications (80%) for which hyperglycemia, responsible primarily for microvascular impairment, is a weak risk factor compared with hypercholesterolemia or high blood pressure. Glucocentric paradigm of T2DM treatment should be therefore revised in favor of pathophysiologic approaches with drugs selected to address multifactorial risk, affecting different components of diabetes pathophysiology, to achieve hypoglycemic goals without worsening obesity, insulin resistance, sympathetic overactivity and NO deficit, for example with dual or triple combinations (with dosage adjusted to glycemia) such as: metformin + SGLT2 inhibitor + GLP-1 agonist or metformin + SGLT2 inhibitor + pyoglitazone. Patients should be strongly advised to enhance physical activity, reduce body weight this being the most effective method to decrease insulin resistance, the key factor of extensive cardiovascular damage.
Microstructure Changes of Steel Materials under Isothermal Heat Treatment in Salt Bath
Authors: Kešner A. , Chotěborský R. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
To improve the mechanical properties of steel materials such as Vanadis 4extra, Vanadis 10, Vancron 40, and Böhler S600, the isothermal heat treatment procedure using salt bath was used. Samples of the steels were processed at different time of austempering at various temperatures and compared to the samples processed by heat treatment (i.e. quenching in air or quenching in oil and tempering in air) which is most widely used in practice. Hardness properties are determined by the steel microstructure, the size and number of carbide particles in this microstructure. The suitability of heat treatment for improving mechanical properties of different steel materials is assessed.
Der deutsche Krieg im Osten von 1914 bis 1919
Authors: Lieb Peter 
Published: October 2017

Vorspann
War die deutsche Kriegführung an der Ostfront des Ersten Weltkriegs so etwas wie das Vorspiel zu Hitlers Vernichtungskrieg gegen die Sowjetunion? Waren beide Kriege von einer spezifischen deutschen Militärkultur geprägt? Peter Lieb untersucht im Lichte dieser aktuellen Forschungsfragen die Ostfront von 1914 bis 1917 sowie die Spätphase des deutschen Ostkriegs 1918/19 in der Ukraine und im Baltikum. Eine ungebrochene Kontinuität zu Hitlers Krieg kann er dabei nicht erkennen.
Zur Frage französischer Kredite für Deutschland 1930/31
Authors: Schirmann Sylvain 
Published: October 2017

Vorspann
Hat Reichskanzler Brüning 1930/31 französische Kreditangebote ausgeschlagen und damit aus politischem Kalkül Hilfe in der Weltwirtschaftskrise zurückgewiesen oder waren diese Angebote ohnehin bedeutungslos und war Brünings Kurs somit ohne Alternative? Über diese Frage hat sich 2014/15 in den Vierteljahrsheften für Zeitgeschichte eine lebhafte Debatte zwischen Paul Köppen, Knut Borchardt undRoman Köster entwickelt. Nicht sehr stark beleuchtet wurde dabei allerdings die französische Seite. Sylvain Schirmann, ausgewiesener Kenner der Materie, erweitert nun die Perspektive mit einer Analyse der französischen Kreditpolitik.
Streaming Jeans-Alfvén Instability in Quantum Magnetoplasmas
Authors: Jamil M. , Rasheed A. , Hadi F. , Ali G. , Ayub M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The physical mechanism of magnetosonic perturbations which modifies the Jeans instability in streaming quantum dusty magnetoplasmas is examined. These perturbations are low frequency and electromagnetic in nature that propagate with Alfvén speed. The fluid model consisting of momentum balance equations for quantum plasmas, Poisson’s equation for gravitational potential, and Maxwell’s equations for magnetosonic perturbations is used for the coupled solution. The numerical analysis of the dispersion relation elaborates the significant contribution of streaming speed of plasma species at equilibrium v
0, uniform external magnetic field B
0, electron number density at equilibrium n
0e, and variable dust mass m
d over the Jeans instability. This study helps to understand the possible mechanism responsible for the formation of astrophysical objects.
Gene Conversion Facilitates Adaptive Evolution on Rugged Fitness Landscapes
Authors: Bittihn Philip , Tsimring Lev S 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn important question in evolutionary theory is how adaptation might be hindered on a rugged fitness landscape in the presence of strong selection that..Gene conversion is a ubiquitous phenomenon that leads to the exchange of genetic information between homologous DNA regions and maintains coevolving multi-gene families in most prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In this paper, we study its implications for the evolution of a single functional gene with a silenced duplicate, using two different models of evolution on rugged fitness landscapes. Our analytical and numerical results show that, by helping to circumvent valleys of low fitness, gene conversion with a passive duplicate gene can cause a significant speedup of adaptation, which depends nontrivially on the frequency of gene conversion and the structure of the landscape. We find that stochastic effects due to finite population sizes further increase the likelihood of exploiting this evolutionary pathway. A universal feature appearing in both deterministic and stochastic analysis of our models is the existence of an optimal gene conversion rate, which maximizes the speed of adaptation. Our results reveal the potential for duplicate genes to act as a “scratch paper” that frees evolution from being limited to strictly beneficial mutations in strongly selective environments.
XYLOOLIGOSACCHARIDES FROM AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCTS: CHARACTERISATION, PRODUCTION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Authors: Kaprelyants L. , Zhurlova O. , Shpyrko T. , Pozhitkova L. 
Published: October 2017

The current study is a review of characteristics, production, physiological properties and application of xylooligosaccharides (XOS). XOS are the carbohydrates, their molecules are built from xylose residues linked mainly by в-(1→4)-glycoside bonds. Xylan is important for plant cell walls and is widely spread component in agricultural by-products. XOS are products of xylan hydrolytic degradation, and exhibiting the high prebiotic potential. The XOS preparation of wheat and rye bran stimulated the cells accumulation ‑ 1,4∙1010 CFU/cm3 of L. аcidophilus and 9,2∙1010 CFU/cm3 of В. bifidum. A difference in XOS molecules branching causes a wide range of their physiological properties: antioxidant, immunomodulation, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic. XOS can reduce high cholesterol level and triglycerides in blood plasma. XOS application reviewed in this article opens new perspectives on its potential use for human consumption. The rich sources of xylan are wheat, rye and barley bran, rice husk, wheat straw, corncobs, cotton stalk. Industrial way of XOS production includes chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis with following purification. Chemical methods are based on hydrothermal pretreatment and acidic or alkali extraction. Obtained oligosaccharides have a wide range of polymerization degree (DP) from 2 to 20. Enzymatic methods include fermentation with xylanase that allow controlling the XOS accumulation with certain DP. The different chromatographic purification after hydrolysis is used for analytical purposes. There are anion-exchange, size-exclusion, affinity, size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, biomethods are preferred for XOS used in food, because such preparations do not contain monosaccharides and furfural as contaminants. XOS are stable in a wide range of temperature and pH, justifying the development of new synbiotics generation. Most widely XOS are used in production of functional products and pharmaceutical preparations. But they are also applied in cosmetic, agricultural and mixed feed industries.
БІОЛОГІЧНА ЦІННІСТЬ ПРІСНОВОДНОЇ РИБИ КРЕМЕНЧУЦЬКОГО ВОДОСХОВИЩА
Authors: Головко М.П. , Головко Т.М. , Крикуненко Л.О. 
Published: October 2017

У статті проведено аналіз літературних джерел та проведених власних досліджень щодо показників біологічної цінності прісноводної риби Кременчуцького водосховища. Показано доцільність виористання цієї сировини, для розширення асортименту біологічно цінної харчової продукції. Дані види риб відрізняються високими репродуктивними можливостями, швидким зростанням, низькими кормовими витратами, що робить їх цінними перспективними об’єктами вирощування та промислової переробки. Наведено результати досліджень хімічного, жирнокислотного, амінокислотного та мінерального складу м’яса коропа, товстолобика та ляща, показники їх безпеки. Проведено порівняльний аналіз харчової цінності коропа, ляща та товстолобика, як одних з перспективних об’єктів промислової переробки. Виявлено відмінності в досліджуваних показниках цих риб. Представлені результати досліджень загального хімічного складу даних видів прісноводних риб вказують на те, що дана сировина характеризується високим вмістом білка та середньо жирна, а білок містить усі незамінні амінокислоти. Наведено результати аналізу масової частки токсичних елементів у досліджуваних видах прісноводних риб. Виявлено, що наявні у товстолобику, коропу та органах і тканинах ляща вміст важких металів є менше встановлених допустимих меж. Це свідчить проте, що обрані для дослідження види прісноводних риб є безпечні у харчовому відношенні та можуть бути використані для подальшої промислової переробки.
Veterinarians’ Perception, Knowledge and Practices of Antibiotic Stewardship in Enugu State Southeast, Nigeria
Authors: ANYANWU Madubuike Umunna , KOLADE Oluwatosin Ajoke 
Published: October 2017

A cross-sectional survey utilizing structured questionnaires was used to study the veterinarians’ perception, knowledge and practices of antibiotic stewardship (ABS) in Enugu State, Southeastern Nigeria. Data obtained were analyzed using chi-square on SPSS (Version 15.0) at a significance level of P < 0.05 to determine possible associations between variables and perceptions/knowledge about ABS. Out of 280 respondents, 41 (17.1%) had heard about ABS. Minority of the respondents perceived/knew that using antibiotics only when necessary (6.4%, 18), administering antibiotics at the appropriate dose (6.4%, 18) and administering antibiotics for appropriate duration in every case (4.3%, 12) were among the principles of ABS. The study also showed that age, gender, qualification, years of practice and locations did not exert any influence (P > 0.05) on the awareness of respondents about ABS. More than one-third of the respondents wrongly perceived that increasing the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics (35.4%, 99) is one of the goals of ABS, whereas the minority of the respondents rightly perceived/knew that minimizing toxicity and other adverse effects (16.8%, 47) and reducing antibiotic resistance (ABR) (43.2%, 121) are also goals of ABS. Only 21.4% (60) had overall knowledge of ABS. Prescribing antibiotics without seeing/examining the patient, prescribing antibiotics for any case suspected to be infectious, prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics despite availability of narrow-spectrum antibiotics, prescribing different classes/types of antibiotics concurrently to ensure therapeutic efficacy, prescribing overdose of antibiotics to ensure efficacy and non-consultation of the veterinary formulary/other resources when in doubt during prescription, are some of inappropriate/untoward ABS practices/behaviors/attitudes amongst the respondents. No significant association (P > 0.05) was found between practices of ABS and age, gender, qualification, years of practice and location. In conclusion, the veterinarians’ awareness/perception and practices of ABS is abysmally poor in the study area, thus education of Nigerian veterinarians about ABS and the teaching of the principles and practices of ABS during veterinary schools are recommended.
Cultivos nativos y valorización simbólica del suelo rural de la Ciudad de México
Authors: De Jesús-Contreras Daniel , Ramírez-De la O Irma Luz , Thomé-Ortiz Humberto 
Published: October 2017

Se presenta un análisis relativo al papel que desempeñan los cultivos nativos en la preservación del suelo rural de la Ciudad de México a la luz de un caso concreto: la producción de amaranto (Amaranthus spp.) en el pueblo de Santiago Tulyehualco, Xochimilco. A través de la aplicación del método etnográfico, se documentaron las prácticas agrícolas y culturales desplegadas por los campesinos para la conservación de la diversidad fitogenética de esta especie y para el uso racional de los recursos locales. Los resultados muestran que las prácticas agrícolas tradicionales, asociadas a la producción de amaranto sirven como mecanismos de preservación y apropiación del territorio, lo que al mismo tiempo refuerza el arraigo a los modos de vida del suelo rural de la ciudad y constituye una forma alternativa de entender el desarrollo, la cual es gestada desde los propios esquemas cognitivos de los campesinos. De esta manera, los significados del cultivo, el territorio y la agricultura tradicional se convierten en referentes de la valorización de los espacios rurales.