bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Pulmonary Nodules Using the Spyglass Direct Visualization System Combined With Radial Endobronchial Ultrasound: A Clinical Feasibility Study
Authors: Godbout Krystelle , Martel Simon , Simon Mathieu , Lampron Noël , Delage Antoine 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Sampling of peripheral pulmonary nodules with radial endobronchial ultrasound (p-EBUS) increases diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy. However, diagnostic yield is influenced by numerous factors.

Objective:
We evaluated the use of SpyGlass, a one millimeter diameter optic fiber, to obtain images of the distal mucosa and of pulmonary lesions detected with p-EBUS to determine if visual aspect of the distal mucosa was predictive of diagnosis.

Methods:
We prospectively recruited subjects investigated for peripheral nodules. Bronchoscopy was performed and p-EBUS was used to locate the lesion through a guide sheath. The Spyglass fiber was introduced in the sheath to obtain images of the distal bronchial mucosa. Tissue sampling was subsequently done.

Results:
Fifteen patients were enrolled in the study. A final diagnosis of malignancy was confirmed in 80%. All lesions could be located using p-EBUS (100%). Diagnostic sensitivity for p-EBUS was 58.3%. Distal mucosa could be imaged with SpyGlass in 14/15 patients (93.3%). Mucosal appearance was described as abnormal in 7 out of the 15 subjects. Mean SpyGlass procedure time was 6.5 minutes. No direct complication was reported.

Conclusion:
Spyglass can be used in combination with p-EBUS to obtain images of the distal bronchial mucosa and peripheral pulmonary nodules. More patients will be needed to confirm whether mucosal appearance can be predictive of malignancy.
Sacroiliac Joint Fusion: One Year Clinical and Radiographic Results Following Minimally Invasive Sacroiliac Joint Fusion Surgery
Authors: Kube Richard A. , Muir Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2016

Background:Recalcitrant sacroiliac joint pain responds well to minimally-invasive surgical (MIS) techniques, although long-term radiographic and fusion data are limited.Objective:To evaluate the one-year clinical results from a cohort of patients with chronic sacroiliac (SI) joint pain unresponsive to conservative therapies who have undergone minimally invasive SI joint fusion.Methods:SI joint fusion was performed between May 2011 and January 2014. Outcomes included radiographic assessment of fusion status, leg and back pain severityviavisual analog scale (VAS), disabilityviaOswestry Disability Index (ODI) and complication rate. Outcomes were measured at baseline and at follow-up appointments 6 months and 12 months post-procedure.Results:Twenty minimally invasive SI joint fusion procedures were performed on 18 patients (mean age: 47.2 (14.2), mean BMI: 29.4 (5.3), 56% female). At 12 months, the overall fusion rate was 88%. Back and leg pain improved from 81.7 to 44.1 points (p<0.001) and from 63.6 to 27.7 points (p=0.001), respectively. Disability scores improved from 61.0 to 40.5 (p=0.009). Despite a cohort containing patients with multiple comorbidities and work-related injuries, eight patients (50%) achieved the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in back pain at 12 months, with 9 (69%) patients realizing this improvement in leg pain and 8 (57%) realizing the MCID in ODI scores at 12 months. No major complications were reported.Conclusion:Minimally invasive SI joint surgery is a safe and effective procedure, with a high fusion rate, a satisfactory safety profile and significant improvements in pain severity and disability reported through 12 months post-procedure.
Meniscus Induced Cartilaginous Damage and Non-linear Gross Anatomical Progression of Early-stage Osteoarthritis in a Canine Model
Authors: Kahn David , Mittelstaedt Daniel , Matyas John , Qu Xiangui , Lee Ji Hyun , Badar Farid , Les Clifford , Zhuang Zhiguo , Xia Yang 
Published: December 2016

Background:
The predictable outcome of the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) canine model, and the similarity to naturally occurring osteoarthritis (OA) in humans, provide a translatable method for studying OA. Still, evidence of direct meniscus-induced cartilaginous damage has not been identified, and gross-anatomical blinded scoring of early-stage OA has not been performed.

Objective:
A gross anatomical observation and statistical analysis of OA progression to determine meniscus induced cartilaginous damage, to measure the macroscopic progression of OA, and to address matters involving arthroscopic and surgical procedures of the knee.

Method:
Unblinded assessment and blinded scoring of meniscal, tibial, femoral, and patellar damage were performed for control and at four time points following unilateral ACLT: 3-week (N=4), 8-week (N=4), 12-week (N=5), and 25-week (N=4). Mixed-model statistics illustrates damage (score) progression; Wilcoxon rank-sum tests compared time-point scores; and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests compared ACLT and contralateral scores, and meniscus and tibia scores.

Result:
Damage was manifest first on the posterior aspect of the medial meniscus and subsequently on the tibia and femur, implying meniscal damage can precede, coincide with, and aggravate cartilage damage. Damage extent varied chronologically and was dependent upon the joint component. Meniscal damage was evident at 3 weeks and progressed through 25-weeks. Meniscal loose bodies corresponded to tibial cartilage damage location and extent through 12 weeks, followed by cartilage repair activity after complete meniscal degeneration.

Conclusion:
This study provides additional information for understanding OA progression, identifying OA biomarkers, and arthroscopic and meniscectomy procedures.
Manganese-enhanced MRI Offers Correlation with Severity of Spinal Cord Injury in Experimental Models
Authors: Martirosyan Nikolay L. , Turner Gregory H. , Kaufman Jason , Patel Arpan A. , Belykh Evgenii , Kalani M. Yashar S. , Theodore Nicholas , Preul Mark C. 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are clinically challenging, because neural regeneration after cord damage is unknown. In SCI animal models, regeneration is evaluated histologically, requiring animal sacrifice. Noninvasive techniques are needed to detect longitudinal SCI changes.

Objective:
To compare manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI [MEMRI]) in hemisection and transection of SCI rat models with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and histology.

Methods:
Rats underwent T9 spinal cord transection (n=6), hemisection (n=6), or laminectomy without SCI (controls, n=6). One-half of each group received lateral ventricle MnCl2 injections 24 hours later. Conventional DTI or T1-weighted MRI was performed 84 hours post-surgery. MEMRI signal intensity ratio above and below the SCI level was calculated. Fractional anisotropy (FA) measurements were taken 1 cm rostral to the SCI. The percentage of FA change was calculated 10 mm rostral to the SCI epicenter, between FA at the dorsal column lesion normalized to a lateral area without FA change. Myelin load (percentage difference) among groups was analyzed by histology.

Results:
In transection and hemisection groups, mean MEMRI ratios were 0.62 and 0.87, respectively, versus 0.99 in controls (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively); mean FA decreases were 67.5% and 40.1%, respectively, compared with a 6.1% increase in controls (P=0.002 and P=0.019, respectively). Mean myelin load decreased by 38.8% (transection) and 51.8% (hemisection) compared to controls (99.1%) (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Pearson’s correlation coefficients were -0.94 for MEMRI ratio and FA changes and 0.87 for MEMRI and myelin load.

Conclusion:
MEMERI results correlated to SCI severity measured by FA and myelin load. MEMRI is a useful noninvasive tool to assess neuronal damage after SCI.
Main Features of Impaired Fibronolytic and Protolytic Activity of Blood Plasma in Patients with Osteoarthritis Depending on Comorbidity
Authors: Voloshyna Larysa 
Published: December 2016

The objective of the research was to study the features of impaired fibrinolytic and proteolytic activity of blood plasma in patients with osteoarthritis (OA), depending on the age levels of comorbidity.Material and methods. The age features of comorbid processes prevalence in 120 patients with OA were clinically studied, fibrinolytic and proteolytic activity of blood, levels of fibrinogen and C-reactive protein were also studied using biochemical methods.Results. Comorbidity in patients with OA at the age under 50 was established low. The level of comorbidity increases to at the age of 51-60, after 60 years the phenomenon of comorbidity is more significant by frequency and severity. The diseases of the cardiovascular system dominated, including metabolic syndrome, diseases of the digestive tract and kidneys were less frequent. Cardiovascular risk (CVR) levels were high after the age of 50, gastrointestinal risk was less frequent. Fibrinolysis minor disorders were observed in patients with low comorbidity, namely fibrinolytic and proteolytic activity of blood as a part of high CVR progressively deteriorated and the level of fibrinogen and C-reactive protein increased in the patients at the age after 50 (especially 60) on the background of high comorbidity levels. Conclusions. The level of comorbidity and CVR increased in patients with OA with age, increase in disease severity and duration. These phenomena were accompanied by progressive disorders in fibrinolytic and proteolytic activity of the blood, increased levels of fibrinogen and C-reactive protein as one of the components of CVR.
MMC um movimento camponês e feminista
Authors: Boni Valdete 
Published: December 2016

O Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas foi criado em 2004 como resultado da união de vários movimentos de mulheres do campo, sejam agriculturas, pescadoras ou extrativistas. Particularmente em Santa Catarina, esse movimento tem uma história de quase três décadas e nesse período, mudanças politicas e estruturais aconteceram no campo que influenciaram sua postura. Pretendo analisar um ponto específico dessa trajetória, a introdução do conceito de campesinato no movimento. Como esse conceito é elaborado e justificado pelas camponesas? Qual a relação entre campesinato e feminismo no discurso destas mulheres? Essas questões são discutidas levando-se em conta um breve resgate do conceito de campesinato em voga nas discussões acadêmicas hoje.
Development and characterization of microsatellite primers in the endangered Mediterranean shrub Ziziphus lotus (Rhamnaceae)
Authors: González‐Robles Ana , Manzaneda Antonio J. , Bastida Jesús M. , Harvey Nick , Jaime Rafael , Salido Teresa , Martínez Luisa M. , Fernández‐Ocaña Ana , Alcántara Julio M. , Rey Pedro J. 
Published: December 2016

Premise of the study:Microsatellite primers were developed to characterize and evaluate patterns of genetic diversity and structure in the endangered Mediterranean shrub Ziziphus lotus (Rhamnaceae).Methods and Results:Twenty microsatellite primers were developed for Z. lotus, of which 14 were polymorphic. We evaluated microsatellite polymorphism in 97 specimens from 18 Spanish and seven Moroccan populations. Between two and eight alleles were found per locus, and the average number of alleles was 5.54. Observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.08 to 0.90 and from 0.08 to 0.82, respectively. Nine of these primers also amplified microsatellite loci in Z. jujuba.Conclusions:The microsatellite markers described here will be useful in studies on genetic variation, population genetic structure, and gene flow in the fragmented habitat of this species. These markers are a valuable resource for designing appropriate conservation measures for the species in the Mediterranean range.
THE ALMA SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY IN THE HUBBLE ULTRA DEEP FIELD: SEARCH FOR [
] LINE AND DUST EMISSION IN 6 < z < 8 GALAXIES
Authors: Aravena M. , Decarli R. , Walter F. , Bouwens R. , Oesch P. A. , Carilli C. L. , Bauer F. E. , Cunha E. Da , Daddi E. , Gónzalez-López J. , Ivison R. J. , Riechers D. A. , Smail I. , Swinbank A. M. , Weiss A. , Anguita T. , Bacon R. , Bell E. , Bertoldi F. , Cortes P. , Cox P. , Hodge J. , Ibar E. , Inami H. , Infante L. , Karim A. , Magnelli B. , Ota K. , Popping G. , van der Werf P. , Wagg J. , Fudamoto Y. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a search for [C ii] line and dust continuum emission from optical dropout galaxies at z > 6 using ASPECS, our Atacama Large Millimeter submillimeter Array Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra-deep Field (UDF). Our observations, which cover the frequency range of 212–272 GHz, encompass approximately the range of 6 < z < 8 for [C ii] line emission and reach a limiting luminosity of L
[C ii] ∼ (1.6–2.5) × 108
L
⊙. We identify 14 [C ii] line emitting candidates in this redshift range with significances >4.5σ, two of which correspond to blind detections with no optical counterparts. At this significance level, our statistical analysis shows that about 60% of our candidates are expected to be spurious. For one of our blindly selected [C ii] line candidates, we tentatively detect the CO(6-5) line in our parallel 3 mm line scan. None of the line candidates are individually detected in the 1.2 mm continuum. A stack of all [C ii] candidates results in a tentative detection with S
1.2 mm = 14 ± 5 μJy. This implies a dust-obscured star-formation rate (SFR) of (3 ± 1) M
⊙ yr−1. We find that the two highest-SFR objects have candidate [C ii] lines with luminosities that are consistent with the low-redshift L
[C ii] versus SFR relation. The other candidates have significantly higher [C ii] luminosities than expected from their UV-based SFR. At the current sensitivity, it is unclear whether the majority of these sources are intrinsically bright [C ii] emitters, or spurious sources. If only one of our line candidates was real (a scenario greatly favored by our statistical analysis), we find a source density for [C ii] emitters at 6 < z < 8 that is significantly higher than predicted by current models and some extrapolations from galaxies in the local universe.
A REVERSE SHOCK IN GRB 160509A
Authors: Laskar Tanmoy , Alexander Kate D. , Berger Edo , Fong Wen-fai , Margutti Raffaella , Shivvers Isaac , Williams Peter K. G. , Kopač Drejc , Kobayashi Shiho , Mundell Carole , Gomboc Andreja , Zheng WeiKang , Menten Karl M. , Graham Melissa L. , Filippenko Alexei V. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the second multi-frequency radio detection of a reverse shock in a γ-ray burst. By combining our extensive radio observations of the Fermi-Large Area Telescope γ-ray burst 160509A at z = 1.17 up to 20 days after the burst with Swift X-ray observations and ground-based optical and near-infrared data, we show that the afterglow emission comprises distinct reverse shock and forward shock contributions: the reverse shock emission dominates in the radio band at ≲10 days, while the forward shock emission dominates in the X-ray, optical, and near-infrared bands. Through multi-wavelength modeling, we determine a circumburst density of

, supporting our previous suggestion that a low-density circumburst environment is conducive to the production of long-lasting reverse shock radiation in the radio band. We infer the presence of a large excess X-ray absorption column, N
H ≈ 1.5 × 1022

, and a high rest-frame optical extinction, A
V ≈ 3.4 mag. We identify a jet break in the X-ray light curve at

, and thus derive a jet opening angle of

, yielding a beaming-corrected kinetic energy and radiated γ-ray energy of

erg and

erg (1–104 keV, rest frame), respectively. Consistency arguments connecting the forward shocks and reverse shocks suggest a deceleration time of

s ≈ T
90, a Lorentz factor of

, and a reverse-shock-to-forward-shock fractional magnetic energy density ratio of

. Our study highlights the power of rapid-response radio observations in the study of the properties and dynamics of γ-ray burst ejecta.
Où en est la pédopsychiatrie ?
Authors: Allione Marie 
Published: December 2016

La pédopsychiatrie est confrontée à un changement de paradigme qui opère un glissement de la clinique vers le comportement. Elle se trouve face à un double défi : celui du traitement des autismes avec l’intégration de toutes les approches sans exclusive et celui d’une population d’enfants qui a radicalement changé du fait d’une évolution sociétale hypercapitaliste et consumériste.	Comment les pédopsychiatres, les psychanalystes, les psychothérapeutes, les soignants en général, peuvent-ils garantir que la parole reste au cœur de leur métier ?
Fins de vie, éthique et société
Authors: Gruat Renaud , Gruat Arthur 
Published: December 2016

Pendant des millénaires la mort de l’homme a été reconnue sur ce que nous appellerions aujourd’hui l’arrêt permanent de sa respiration. Cette notion de respiration étant alors encore mal comprise, on parlait plus de la notion de souffle. Ainsi celui qui rendait son dernier souffle rendait son âme. C’est ce qu’on appelait expirer comme le fit le Christ sur la croix. Avec les avancées de la science, notamment à partir du xvii e siècle nous avons progressivement mieux compris le rôle du cœur, l’intérêt de la recherche du pouls et pourquoi l’arrêt de la respiration impactait directement l’état de conscience ou d’inconscience de l’individu. Toutefois, au xix e siècle encore, c’était avant tout sur la constatation de l’absence ou d’arrêt de la respiration que l’on affirmait la mort en attachant une importance particulière à sa permanence. Jusqu’au milieu du xx e siècle on avait encore recours au miroir ou à la bougie pour détecter la présence ou non d’une respiration ou d’un souffle pour affirmer ou non la mort. Très tôt, la question du mystère de la vie et de la mort, de la vie après la mort et du retour possible à la vie après la mort a questionné les humains. Déjà, dans l’Ancien Testament il est fait référence à des baisers miraculeux effectués par le prophète Élie sur le fils d’une veuve de Sarepta (Livre des Rois) et aussi par son disciple Élisée qui ressuscita, lui aussi, de la même façon un enfant en s’adressant à Dieu : « Seigneur mon Dieu, faites je vous prie, que l’âme de cet enfant retourne dans son corps. »
Fins de vie, éthique et société
Authors: Attias Arié 
Published: December 2016

La réanimation concentre nombre de situations problématiques d’éthique décisionnelle. Du patient inconscient au patient en fin de vie, en passant par le malade aux capacités de jugement altérées, les praticiens sont confrontés en permanence à l’impérative nécessité de décider sans certitude. Ceci est l’essence même de ce métier : le doute permanent. Au travers d’un cas clinique, nous chercherons à esquisser les enjeux de la décision du patient et du médecin, dans cet environnement si particulier.
Fins de vie, éthique et société
Authors: Kentish-Barnes Nancy 
Published: December 2016

Mourir à l’hôpital représente pour chacun d’entre nous une perspective probable puisque près de 70 % de la population française décède en institution. Ce que nous savons moins en revanche, c’est où l’on meurt au sein de l’hôpital : un décès sur cinq survient en réanimation (soit 20 % de la population) 1 . De plus, au cours de la dernière semaine de vie, un malade sur cinq a passé au moins trois jours en réanimation 2 . Enfin, les services de réanimation sont évidemment au premier plan des statistiques de décès, avec 20 à 25 % de décès. Ces chiffres sont importants. D’abord parce que la plupart des citoyens ne savent pas ce qu’est un service de réanimation et ensuite parce que nous ne savons pas comment nous y mourons (alors que nous sommes très nombreux à y mourir). La mort nous concerne tous, sans exception, et pourtant il règne encore un certain flou sur le déroulement réel du processus de mourir. L’objectif de ce texte est d’aborder la mort en réanimation du point de vue de la pratique réelle et de l’expérience des personnes concernées, médecins, infirmières et familles de patients. Les idées et résultats présentés émanent d’une recherche de sociologie menée pendant trois ans dans quatre services de réanimation, trois en France et un en Angleterre 3 , comprenant huit mois d’observation des pratiques et 150 entretiens qualitatifs menés auprès de médecins réanimateurs, d’infirmières et de familles de patients.
Fins de vie, éthique et société
Authors: Vinant Pascale 
Published: December 2016

La connaissance pronostique fait partie des compétences médicales. La multiplicité des études à la recherche de critères pronostiques en phase avancée de maladie atteste de l’importance d’affiner cette compétence puisque nous savons que la seule expertise clinique est souvent défaillante. La prévision d’une fin de vie est une situation fréquente : selon une étude européenne 1 , seulement un tiers des décès survient d’une manière inattendue. L’identification d’un pronostic de fin de vie est une étape indispensable pour améliorer les pratiques : éviter l’obstination déraisonnable et favoriser le confort et la qualité de fin de vie. L’équipe médicale détient donc le plus souvent un savoir sur l’avenir du patient. Se pose dès lors la question de l’information qui va lui être transmise, information légitime due à la personne « pour qu’elle puisse régler ses affaires, exercer ses dernières volontés », et à l’entourage pour qu’il puisse s’organiser, se préparer. L’annonce d’un pronostic de fin de vie est une situation difficile pour tous, semée de risques et de paradoxes. Elle s’inscrit dans une modification de la relation de soin qui abandonne le paternalisme au profit d’un renforcement de l’autonomie du patient. À partir de notre expérience en équipe mobile de soins palliatifs, nous insisterons sur la différence entre le savoir et l’agir médical et l’expérience humaine du patient en fin de vie, en cherchant les positionnements qui, au sein de la pratique de soin, permettent de concilier le moins mal possible des impératifs souvent contradictoires.
Fins de vie, éthique et société
Authors: Prenat-Molimard Delphine , Chrétien Sophie , Prigent Cécile , Louvel Jean-Philippe , Laouenan Serge , Friedman Diane , Joussellin Charles 
Published: December 2016

Parole, éthique et collégialité : ces termes doivent se distinguer mais aussi se relier, pour permettre que des décisions importantes soient prises en commun et favorisent la qualité des soins. Nous rappelons ce qu’est la parole de l’homme, pour laquelle l’écoute et le silence sont essentiels. Des vignettes cliniques illustrent les craintes et les espérances que chacun peut légitimement éprouver alors qu’il est impliqué au chevet d’une personne gravement malade. Nous tentons de répondre à deux questions : comment respecter la parole de chacun, laquelle fait partie du fondement de l’éthique ? Comment faire « collège » autour de la parole du malade ?
Fins de vie, éthique et société
Authors: Ouédraogo Didier 
Published: December 2016

Ce qui est en jeu à travers toutes nos préconisations (pensées et gestes) relatives à la fin de vie mérite d’être interrogé à la faveur de visions différentes relatives au mourir, comme processus conduisant ou préparant à la mort. Les préconisations pour « bien mourir » constituent un enjeu pour l’humain et son environnement. Les espaces, les gestes et les valeurs qui les habitent correspondent à des rationalités culturelles qui gouvernent la question de la mort dans chaque société. La manière dont chaque société appréhende la fin de vie reste tributaire de celle par laquelle ses membres se déploient dans l’existence, la manière dont ils perçoivent et nourrissent leurs relations entre le temps de la vie et le temps de la mort, coïncidant ou non avec le terme de la vie. Cette relation entre vie et mort va présider à l’élaboration du sens attaché à la phénoménalité de la vie et de la mort. Selon l’espace et le temps dans lesquels elle peut s’avérer radicalement différente. Aussi peut-on observer une rupture plus ou moins importante entre les deux termes vie et mort, et par certaines traditions de pensées, les trouver inscrites dans un continuum dont il s’agira d’appréhender la singularité.