bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement Method of Thermal Properties of Cementitious Bedding Materials and Unsaturated Soils: Hydraulic Influence on Thermal Parameters
Authors: Drefke C. , Schedel M. , Stegner J. , Balzer C. , Hinrichsen V. , Sass I. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Due to climate-induced variations, changes in the water content of the soil occur, and consequently its hydraulic and thermal properties change as well. Bedding materials for buried energy cables or geothermal installations are usually in capillary contact to the surrounding soil. Thus, they are subject to seasonal changes in the water content caused by natural climatic variations. For the design and construction of structures using thermal energy or dissipating waste heat in the shallow ground, it is important to be able to make reliable forecasts of the thermal and hydraulic properties of partially saturated bedding materials and soils. For this purpose, the climate-related changes of the thermal and hydraulic properties have to be investigated. In this technical note, an experimental setup is described, allowing for the simultaneous measurement of several hydraulic and thermal parameters during dewatering of a specimen. From the data, interrelations between thermal conductivity and water content, water retention characteristics and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity can be derived. This is why, a common evaporation test device was extended using a thermal needle probe. This setup enabled the examination of disturbed and undisturbed soils. A further method, which is also presented in this paper, provides the possibility of investigating cementitious bedding materials in this evaporation test for the first time. This experiment takes only a few days for cementitious bedding materials as well as for undisturbed soil samples. Thus, with only one single experiment, all the basic parameters required for unsaturated hydraulic modeling can be identified. Since thermal conductivity is measured along with the hydraulic parameters, it is possible to assign a value to the thermal conductivity for many hydraulic states of the soil or bedding material.
Assessment of Rainfall Runoff Based on the Field Measurements on an Embankment
Authors: An N. , Hemmati S. , Cui Y.-J. , Mercadier D. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
When modeling soil/atmosphere interaction, it is of paramount importance to determine the rainfall runoff on a soil surface. Indeed, in the mass balance for bare soil, the rainfall transfers to runoff, infiltration, and evaporation. Knowing rainfall and runoff, the infiltration and evaporation terms can be determined, defining the hydraulic boundary conditions for soils. In practice, rainfall is measured through field measurements in weather stations; evaporation is often estimated using simple models, such as the Penman–Monteith model. Infiltration can then be calculated if runoff is known. However, estimating runoff is often a difficult task in practice. In this study, a runoff measurement method was developed using a collector system set up on a slope of an embankment with lime/cement treated silt. The runoff measurements were compared with the recorded rainfall, and a satisfactory agreement was obtained, showing the performance of the developed runoff measurement approach. A correlation between runoff and rainfall was thus proposed based on the hourly runoff and rainfall data. This correlation can be further used to estimate the rainfall runoff for similar embankments.
Statistical Modeling of Discrete Percentage Measurements With Application to Construction of Acceptance Bounds for Wood Failure in Structural Adhesive Testing
Authors: Loughin T. M. , Payne N. , Casilla R. , Lum C. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The goals of this paper are: (1) to provide a statistical analysis approach that is appropriate for data from an interlaboratory study where responses are measured in discrete percentages and are subject to multiple sources of random variability, and (2) to apply this model to data on wood-failure percentages from block-shear tests on structural wood adhesives. We treat percentage responses measured in 5-point intervals as having arisen from observing 20 independent binary responses on different parts of the observed wood blocks. The overdispersion that is likely to result from the practical inadequacy of this assumption is overcome empirically by the inclusion of a random effect for blocks. We propose an analysis based on a parametric bootstrap to provide sampling distributions for statistics that regulators might wish to use in setting standards for acceptance of wood adhesives. Similar computational methods are developed to assess the fit of the model. This model is shown to provide a reasonably good fit for actual data in many of the cases to which it was applied.
Predicting Dynamic Modulus of Asphalt Concrete From Binder Rheological Properties
Authors: Asifur Rahman A. S. M. , Mannan U. A. , Tarefder R. A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This study proposes a completely new regression-based predictive model to estimate dynamic modulus (|E*|) of asphalt concrete (AC) from the dynamic shear modulus (|Gb*|) and binder phase angle (δb) of the asphalt binder used in the AC mix. Other parameters related to the aggregate gradation and volumetrics are also incorporated in the model. In this study, a total of ten AC mixes with four binders having different Performance Grades (PG) and sources were collected from the manufacturing plants. The AC mixes were compacted and cored to cylindrical specimens. After that, the samples were tested in the laboratory for |E*| and AC phase angle (ϕ) at different temperatures and loading frequencies. The collected binders were tested for |Gb*| and δb using dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The statistical assessment showed that a fairly accurate estimation of |E*| and ϕ can be obtained by using these new predictive models.
Using Genetic Programming to Predict Plastic Strain in Subgrade Soils Under Repeated Loading
Authors: Yang S.-R. , Chang J.-R. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Accumulated plastic strain in subgrade soils under repeated loading is an important factor for the design and analysis of flexible pavement. Accurate prediction of the plastic strain is dependent on the constitution of a predictive model. This study discusses the plastic strain properties in subgrade soil under repeated loading and develops a predictive model using a genetic programming (GP) method. Repeated load triaxial tests were conducted under various confining pressures, stress levels, and moisture contents. To develop the predictive model, a total of 475 records were randomly divided into three datasets (159, 158, and 158 records) for training, validation, and application purposes. The results showed that the GP method was applied successfully to develop a predictive model that uses stress level, load repetition, dry unit weight, liquid limit, plastic index, and clay content as inputs and has plastic strain as the output. The R2 values for the training, validation, and applied datasets were 0.9551, 0.9494, and 0.9489, respectively. This study demonstrates and confirms the superior performance of GP over traditional prediction methods when applied to predict plastic strain in subgrade soils. The model and algorithms proposed in this study provide a good foundation for further development when more robust datasets of other types of soils are available.
Monitoring of the Internal Force of the Flexible Components by Vibration Method
Authors: Wang J. , Xiang H. , Wu X. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The vibration method is used widely to estimate the cable force based on its relationship to frequency. The accuracy and the applicability of the vibration method can be improved through a more robust incorporation of the influential factors and a precise measurement of the frequency. An advanced vibration method was proposed in this paper to minimize the error of the cable force in long-term monitoring. The influential parameters on the accuracy of the vibration method including the flexural stiffness, sag-span ratio, inclination, and the boundary conditions of the cable were analyzed. Then the factors resulting in the error of the frequency data acquisition were presented. Based on the results, the conditions when those influential factors should be taken into account were determined, and the range of the error caused by the inaccuracies of the frequency measurement was given. A comprehensive optimized approach was finally established to determine the cable force based on the previous analysis. The accuracy and the feasibility of the proposed method were confirmed by a successful monitoring of a cable stayed bridge and a special shaped steel arch bridge.
Performance Research of a New Stabilized Rubber Modified Asphalt and Sand Anti-Fracture Mix for Semi-Rigid Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Geng L. -T. , Xu Q. , Ren R. -B. , Chazallon C. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This paper presented the details of various investigations conducted for the laboratory evaluation of a sand anti-fracture mix (SAF) mixed with a newly developed stabilized rubber modified asphalt (NEW-SRMA), used for mitigating reflective cracking of semi-rigid asphalt pavement in Xinjiang. Two local asphalt binders, Karamay asphalt to Kuqa asphalt, were mixed as the base asphalt for the modification and their mixing ratio was obtained based on compositions analysis. Crumb rubber (CR) was devulcanized to improve its compatibility with asphalt phase. Continuous dense aggregate gradation for the 4.75 mm SAF was designed in the investigation. Compared to styrene-butadiene-styrene modified asphalt binder (SBS-asphalt), NEW SRMA was found to have better performance temperature range, fatigue resistance, and similar workability; corresponding mixes had improved permanent deformation, low-temperature cracking, and fatigue characteristics. Application in practical projects also proves the applicability of NEW-SRMA and corresponding SAF mix for purpose of mitigating reflective cracking in Xinjiang.
Impacts of Aggregate Morphological Characteristics on Asphalt-Mixture Performance During Mixing
Authors: Zhang J. , Bi Y. , Wang H. , Yang X. , Liu S. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental approach to investigate the influence of aggregate morphological characteristics on rheological properties of asphalt mixtures during mixing. Three different types of natural aggregates (limestone, gneiss, and basalt) and three types of glass aggregates (sphere, cuboid, and triangular prism shapes) were selected in the analysis. Digital image processing was applied to quantify geometrical features of aggregate, such as sieving diameter, shape index, and angularity. A mixing rheometer was developed for testing the rheological property of mixture during mixing period. The correlation between aggregate geometrical features and mixing rheological property was analyzed. Results show that the rank of average shape index value is limestone 2&gt;basalt&gt;limestone 1&gt;gneiss for different types of natural aggregates with the same size, whereas the rank of average angularity value is limestone 1&gt;basalt&gt;limestone 2&gt;gneiss. It was found that during the mixing period, the effect of sieving diameter or shape index of aggregate on the K value (the slope of the rotate speed-torque diagram line) is linear, which means K value increases as sieving diameter or shape index increases. For analyzing the effects of aggregate geometrical features on the rheological property of asphalt mixture during mixing, the gray relational analysis method was applied. The results show that the rheological property of asphalt mixture during mixing stage is more sensitive to sieving diameter and shape index, but less sensitive to angularity of aggregate.
Analysis of Vehicle-Force-Induced Dynamic Pore Pressure in Saturated Pavement With LSPM Drainage Base
Authors: Cui X. , Zhang J. , Huang D. , Xiao M. , Hou F. , Liu Z. , Li L. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Dynamic pore pressure caused by moving-vehicle forces may cause damage in asphalt pavement. However, few field data of dynamic pore pressure are available. This research aimed to study the time histories of dynamic stress and dynamic pore pressure in the drainage base of large stone porous asphalt mixes (LSPM) under moving-vehicle forces. To this end, heat-resistant dynamic stress and pore-pressure sensors were developed and used to measure the dynamic stresses and pore pressures in the field. A numerical fluid-solid coupling simulation method was used to analyze the response of pavement under moving wheel forces. Numerical simulation results matched well with in situ test data. The time histories of dynamic pore pressure in the pavement are quantitatively analyzed, and the hydraulic mechanism of moisture-induced damage is verified. This study provides a theoretical guide for pavement design.
Laboratory Testing and Numerical Simulation of a Strip Footing on Geosynthetically Reinforced Loose Sand
Authors: Lai J. , Yang B. -H. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The objective of this paper was to study the bearing capacity and loading behavior of strip footings on geosynthetically reinforced loose sand. Laboratory loading tests were conducted on a rigid steel strip footing in a 0.9 by 0.9 by 1.0m sand box. Woven geotextile was used as reinforcement material. A finite difference program was used to simulate the load-settlement behavior of this footing. Two constitutive (Mohr-Coulomb and Double-Yield) models were utilized for the loose sand. Direct shear tests were performed to obtain the parameters needed for numerical simulation. The unreinforced ultimate bearing capacity obtained from this study ranges between theoretical values calculated by assuming general and local shear failure conditions. The bearing capacity predicted by these two soil models match with values obtained from sand box tests. However, the Double-Yield model outperforms the traditional Mohr-Coulomb model in simulating the loading behavior of this strip footing.
Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI): A Review
Authors: Olawale J. O. , Oluwasegun K. M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Austempered ductile iron (ADI) is a group of ductile irons offering the design engineers remarkable mechanical properties. It exhibits an excellent combination of high strength, ductility, toughness, fatigue strength, and exceptional wear resistance that is unavailable in other grades of cast iron. Austempered ductile iron is almost twice as strong as the regular ASTM grades of ductile iron, whilst still retaining high elongation and toughness characteristics. In addition to the exceptional wear resistance and fatigue strength, it enables designers to reduce a component's weight and costs for equivalent or improved performance. Therefore, ADI has become an attractive and economic substitute for forged steel and cast steel in many engineering applications. This led to marked interest in ADI in the past few years with considerable research work to understand the effect of processing parameters on its characteristics and mechanical properties. The objective of this paper was to review works that have been conducted over the past years on the effects of process variables, mechanical properties, benefits, and applications of ADI.
The Effect of Production Process Parameters on the Tensile Strength of Squeeze Cast Al2O3+SiC/Al6061 Hybrid Composites
Authors: Malomo B. O. , Owolabi H. A. , Ibitoye S. A. , Adekoya L. O. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This study investigated the conditions for the optimal performance of hybrid aluminum matrix composites produced by squeeze casting. The significant die casting parameters chosen for analysis were the squeeze pressure (50, 70, 90 MPa); die preheat temperature (100, 200, 300°C) and duration of pressurization (15, 30, 45 s). Composites containing 10 and 20 % volume fractions of reinforcements were synthesized by infiltrating molten aluminum alloy 6061 into prefabricated porous preforms composed of Al2O3+SiC microparticles. Experiments were conducted by implementing the L933 orthogonal design of Taguchi, where the objective function was to maximize the tensile strength of the castings by appropriate statistical analysis. The results suggested that the production process was successful as the microparticles were evenly distributed within the matrix alloy. The control parameters of squeeze pressure and duration of pressurization were found to be the most significant factors influencing the tensile strength of the castings. As the volume fraction of reinforcements increases in the composites, the duration of pressurization is the most critical factor to enhance the tensile strength. The optimal control settings required to maximize tensile strength were specified with respect to the volume fraction of reinforcements content. The data from statistical experimental design was compared with mathematical predictions and through verification tests, these results were found to be in close agreement.
Optimization of desferrioxamine E production by Streptomyces parvulus
Authors: Gáll Tamás , Lehoczki Gábor , Gyémánt Gyöngyi , Emri Tamás , Szigeti Zsuzsa M. , Balla György , Balla József , Pócsi István 
Published: December 2016

Siderophores are produced by a number of microbes to capture iron with outstandingly high affinity, which property also generates biomedical and industrial interests. Desferrioxamine E (DFO-E) secreted by streptomycetes bacteria can be an ideal candidate for iron chelation therapy, which necessitates its cost-effective production for in vitro and animal studies. This study focused on the optimization of DFO-E production by Streptomyces parvulus CBS548.68. Different combinations of various carbon and nitrogen sources as well as the addition of 3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic acid (MOPS) markedly affected DFO-E yields, which were attributed, at least in part, to the higher biomass productions found in MOPS-supplemented cultures. In MOPS-supplemented glucose and sodium glutamate medium, DFO-E productions as high as 2,009 ± 90 mg/l of culture medium were reached. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated that a simple two-step purification process yielded DFO-E preparations with purities of ∼97%. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis showed that purified DFO-E always contained traces of desferrioxamine D2.
Взаимодействие участников образовательных отношений, как фактор формирования безопасной образовательной среды (дошкольное образование)
Authors: Кощиенко Ирина Васильевна 
Published: December 2016

<p>Статья посвящена проблеме безопасности образовательной среды дошкольной образовательной организации. Автором выделены современные проблемы социальных институтов – семьи и детского сада оказывающие влияние на развитие ребенка дошкольного возраста. </p>
Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase Activity by Ethanolic Extract of Piperomia pellucida L., Acacypha indica L. and Momordica charantia L.
Authors: Parawansah Parawansah , Nuralifah Nuralifah , Alam Gemini , Natzir Rosdiana 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND: Uric acid is a final result of purine catabolism, the enzymatic reactions in the body cells from amino acids or ribonucleotide dinucleotide. Peperomia pellucida L. (P. pellucida), Acalypha indica L. (A. indica) and Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia) are plants which have efficacy to reduce levels of uric acid excess. The aim of this research is to find out the effect of ethanol extract of P. pellucida, A. indica and M. charantia in preventing the formation of uric acid excess by inhibiting the action of the enzyme xanthine oxidase and comparing the inhibition activity of xanthine oxidase on treatments.METHODS: The study design is experimental and conducted using the enzyme xanthine oxidase, xanthine (substrate), pH 7.5 phosphate buffer, samples (P. pellucida, A. indica and M. charantia ethanol extracts) and HCL as reaction breaker. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase was determined enzymatically and unreacted xanthine was measured by UV spectrophotometer at 290 nm. The data were expressed as percent inhibition and the inhibitory concentration (IC)50 were determined using linear regresion of inhibition activity vs. concentration.RESULTS: The IC50 of P. pellucida, A. indica and M. charantia ethanol extracts in inhibiting xanthine oxidase were 19.5 ppm, 77.6 ppm and 17.8 ppm, respectively. IC50 of allopurinol was 1.99 μg/ml, and negative control (combination of enzyme and substrate) has absorbance value of 0.75026.CONCLUSION: Ethanol extract of M. charantia showed the most potent inhibition toward xanthine oxidase compared to the other two extracts.KEYWORDS: xanthine oxidase, Peperomia pellucida L., Acalypha indica L., Momordica charantia L.
PPAR-gamma Signaling in Metabolic Homeostasis
Authors: Triana Rina , Dewi Nurrani Mustika , Darmayanti Siska , Herawati Eka , Novalentina Maria , Semadhi Made Putra , Rahman Miftakh Nur 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, or also known as nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 3 (NR1C3), is a PPAR which serves as master regulator of adipocytes differentiation, and plays an important role in lipid metabolism or adipogenesis. Recent study showed that PPAR-γ is expressed in most tissue and also has critical impact in many metabolic homeostasis disorders.CONTENT: Dysregulation of PPAR-γ is correlated to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, acute kidney injury, autoimmune disease, gastrointestinal disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Abundant number of new emerging compounds, with in vitro and in vivo effectiveness as natural and synthetic agonists of PPARs, are investigated, developed and used as the treatment of metabolic disorders of glucose and/or lipid and other diseases.SUMMARY: Based on all studies explanation, targeting PPAR-γ is proven to be a good therapeutic method for reducing negative effect of several metabolic homeostasis disorder. Now, many natural and synthetic agonists of PPARs are used as the treatment of metabolic disorders of glucose and/or lipid or another metabolic homeostasis disorder. Such agonists have different properties and specificities for individual PPARs receptors, different absorption and distribution, and distinctive gene expression profiles, which ultimately lead to different clinical outcomes.KEYWORDS: PPAR-γ, dysregulation, agonist, adipogenesis, metabolic disorder, homeostasis
Nepal’s Quest for Development: A Mis-driven Cosmetic
Authors: Dahal Atindra 
Published: December 2016

<div><p><em>Though people in Nepal long term have been desperately waiting the life changing development, still to be reeling with pain has been a culture of compulsion there. There are basic two misadventures that have hampered the functional development of nation then caused an invincible failure; those are: a) failure to understand that the development means economic in culture and nature, and b) failure to internalize that the strength of political leaders matters more than the style or name of reign being practiced. This paper has in-detail elaborated and explored the very issues and justifies how the development is misconceived then mis-constructed in Nepal. </em></p></div>