bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global warming and obesity: a systematic review
Authors: An R. , Ji M. , Zhang S. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryGlobal warming and the obesity epidemic are two unprecedented challenges mankind faces today. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO and Scopus for articles published until July 2017 that reported findings on the relationship between global warming and the obesity epidemic. Fifty studies were identified. Topic‐wise, articles were classified into four relationships – global warming and the obesity epidemic are correlated because of common drivers (n = 21); global warming influences the obesity epidemic (n = 13); the obesity epidemic influences global warming (n = 13); and global warming and the obesity epidemic influence each other (n = 3). We constructed a conceptual model linking global warming and the obesity epidemic – the fossil fuel economy, population growth and industrialization impact land use and urbanization, motorized transportation and agricultural productivity and consequently influences global warming by excess greenhouse gas emission and the obesity epidemic by nutrition transition and physical inactivity; global warming also directly impacts obesity by food supply/price shock and adaptive thermogenesis, and the obesity epidemic impacts global warming by the elevated energy consumption. Policies that endorse deployment of clean and sustainable energy sources, and urban designs that promote active lifestyles, are likely to alleviate the societal burden of global warming and obesity.
Interest of waiting time for spontaneous early reconnection after cavotricuspid isthmus ablation: A monocentric randomized trial
Authors: Marchandise Sébastien , Scavée Christophe , Barbraud Cynthia , de Meester de Ravenstein Christophe , Balola Bagalwa Mittérand , Goesaert Cédric , Reis‐Pinheiro Ivone , le Polain de Waroux Jean‐Benoit 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine the rate of recurrent atrial flutter (AFl) after isolated cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation and to evaluate the impact of a waiting period with the search for early resumption of the CTI block on the long‐term outcome.MethodThree hundred and nineteen consecutive patients referred for typical AFl ablation were randomly assigned to CTI ablation with continuous reevaluation of the CTI block during 30 minutes and early reablation if needed (waiting time [WT] + group, n = 155) or to CTI ablation with no waiting period after proven bidirectional CTI block (WT − group, n = 164). All patients were regularly followed‐up.ResultIn the WT+ group, 10 patients (6%) presented a recovery across the CTI (time to recovery: 17 ± 7′) and were reablated at the end of the waiting period. After a median follow‐up of 21 months, the rate of recurrent AFl was significantly higher in the WT − group as compared to the WT+ group (11.6% [19/164] vs 2.5% [4/155], respectively; P = 0.007). However, no significant differences in the subsequent rate of AF were observed between the two groups (29% [WT −] vs 32% [WT+], P = 0.66). During the follow‐up, 28 patients from the WT − group underwent a second ablation procedure (16 AFl redo and 12 AF ablation) versus 10 patients form the WT+ group (three AFl redo and seven AF ablation).ConclusionWaiting 30 minutes after CTI ablation to check for early resumption and early reablation allows for decreasing significantly the rate of recurrent atrial flutter.
The roles of alcohol dehydrogenase in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hu Yu‐Feng , Chang Yao‐Ting , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Chang Shih‐Lin , Lo Li‐Wei , Huang Yen‐Hua , Liu Tze‐Tze , Chen Che‐Hong , Tuan Ta‐Chuan , Chao Tze‐Fan , Chung Fa‐Po , Liao Jo‐Nan , Te Abigail Louise D. , Huang Chi‐Ying F. , Chen Shih‐Ann 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol consumption is known to increase the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether the genotypes of alcohol‐metabolizing genes (alcohol dehydrogenase [ADH1B]) are associated with the risk of AF recurrence after catheter ablation remains unclear.Methods and resultsThe ADH1B genotypes of 281 patients who received catheter ablation for AF were examined. We followed this group of patients to monitor their AF recurrence. Alcohol consumption levels of this cohort were evaluated before and after catheter ablation. There was no difference in the underlying diseases presented by the patients with different ADH1B genotypes. Regardless of the ADH1B genotypes, the amount of alcohol consumption was the only factor associated with left atrial dilatation. The ADH1B*2 alleles (hazard ratio: ADH1B*1/*2 vs *1/*1: 2.64; ADH1B*2/*2 vs *1/*1: 1.80, P = 0.02) and the levels of alcohol consumption were independently associated with AF recurrence in the patients with paroxysmal AF after catheter ablation. ADH1B polymorphisms were not associated with AF recurrence in the patients with nonparoxysmal AF. We also found that the association of increased AF recurrence with alcohol consumption and the ADH1B genotypes cannot be explained by mechanisms of systemic inflammation.ConclusionsADH1B*2/*2 genotype and amount of alcohol consumption increase the risk of AF recurrence after catheter ablation.
Reproductive traits and evolutionary divergence between Mediterranean crops and their wild relatives
Authors: Iriondo J. M. , Milla R. , Volis S. , Rubio de Casas R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChanges in reproductive traits associated with domestication critically determine the evolutionary divergence between crops and their wild relatives, as well as the potential of crop plants to become feral. In this review, we examine the genetic mechanisms of plant domestication and the different types of selection involved, and describe the particularities of domestication of Mediterranean field crops with regard to their reproductive traits, showing illustrative examples. We also explore gene flow patterns between Mediterranean field crops and their wild relatives, along with their ecological, evolutionary and economic implications. Domestication entails multiple selective processes, including direct selection, environmental adaptation and developmental constraints. In contrast to clonal propagation in perennials, sexual reproduction and seed propagation in annuals and biennials have led to a distinct pathway of evolution of reproductive traits. Thus, the initial domestication and further breeding of Mediterranean field crops has brought about changes in reproductive traits, such as higher mean values and variance of seed and fruit sizes, reduced fruit and seed toxicity, non‐shattering seeds and loss of seed dormancy. Evolution under domestication is not a linear process, and bi‐directional gene flow between wild and crop taxa is a frequent phenomenon. Thus, hybridisation and introgression have played a very important role in determining the genetics of current cultivars. In turn, gene flow from crops to wild relatives can lead to introgression of crop genes into wild populations and potentially alter the characteristics of natural communities. In conclusion, plant evolution under domestication has not only changed the reproductive biology of cultivated taxa, its effects are multifaceted and have implications beyond agriculture.
Efficacy of UV‐C radiation to reduce seedborne anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) from Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis)
Authors: Falconí C. E. , Yánez‐Mendizábal V. 
Published: October 2017

The potential of UV‐C radiation of Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis) seeds to eradicate seedborne infections of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum was investigated. UV‐C doses from 0 to 691.2 kJ m−2 (resulting from 0 to 96 h of exposure time) on disease incidence reduction and germination on artificially and naturally infected seed were evaluated. The degree of incidence reduction and seed germination was dependent on the dose of UV‐C. The UV‐C doses of 86.4 kJ m−2 and higher reduced incidence from 6% to 7% to undetectable levels, but these UV‐C doses also reduced seed germination. UV‐C can deleteriously affect physiological processes and overall growth. To assess its impact, L. mutabilis seeds irradiated with UV‐C doses of 57.6 and 86.4 kJ m−2 were grown. Seedlings grown from noninfected seed and UV‐C treated seed showed an increased concentration of chlorophyll and protein contents, as well as an increase in the activation of defence enzymes peroxidase and catalase, in comparison with plants grown from infected seed. UV‐C doses resulted in seed emergence and seedling dry weight rates that were similar to the noninfected control or better than the fungicide control. Moreover, 57.6 kJ m−2 reduced transmission of the pathogen from seed to the plantlets by 80%, while 86.4 kJ m−2 apparently eradicated the pathogen, under greenhouse conditions. The use of UV‐C, first reported here, is advantageous for controlling anthracnose in lupin.
Effects of the FITKids physical activity randomized controlled trial on conflict monitoring in youth
Authors: Drollette Eric S. , Pontifex Matthew B. , Raine Lauren B. , Scudder Mark R. , Moore R. Davis , Kao Shih‐Chun , Westfall Daniel R. , Wu Chien‐Ting , Kamijo Keita , Castelli Darla M. , Khan Naiman A. , Kramer Arthur F. , Hillman Charles H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe present study investigated the effect of a 9‐month physical activity (PA) intervention on children's cardiorespiratory fitness levels and neuroelectric indices of conflict monitoring (i.e., error‐related negativity, ERN). Four hundred twenty‐eight preadolescent children (8–9 years old) were randomized into a PA intervention or wait‐list control group, and completed a fitness and cognitive control assessment (i.e., modified flanker task) at pre‐ and posttest. Following exclusion criterion, 308 children were included in the analyses (PA intervention: n = 139; wait‐list control: n = 169). Children in the intervention displayed greater improvements in fitness and response accuracy, which were accompanied by stability of ERN amplitude from pre‐ to posttest. In contrast, the control group revealed increased ERN amplitude at posttest compared to pretest, despite no change in fitness or task performance. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of daily PA for promoting children's fitness and underlying neural processes associated with effective conflict monitoring. Such findings have significant implications for promoting organized PA programs intended to foster overall physical and brain health in school age children.
Pain, fatigue and well‐being one to five years after lung transplantation – a nationwide cross‐sectional study
Authors: Forsberg Anna , Claëson Matilda , Dahlman Gull‐Britt , Lennerling Annette 
Published: October 2017

Rationale and aimLittle is known about persistent pain after lung transplantation. Therefore, the aim was to present a multidimensional assessment of self‐reported pain 1‐5 years after lung transplantation and its relationship with fatigue and transplant‐specific well‐being.MethodsThis nationwide, cross‐sectional cohort study is part of the self‐management after thoracic transplantation study. A total of 117 lung recipients, all White, who were due for their annual follow‐up at one (n = 35), two (n = 28), three (n = 23), four (n = 20) and 5 years (n = 11) after lung transplantation were included. We used three instruments; the Pain‐O‐Meter (POM), which provides information about pain intensity, sensation, location and duration, the MFI‐19 fatigue instrument and the Organ Transplant Symptom and Well‐being Instrument (OTSWI). Permission to carry out this study was granted by the Regional Ethical Review Board in southern Sweden (D‐nr 2014‐124).ResultsThe prevalence of pain was 51% after 1 year, 68% after 2 years, 69.5% after 3 years, 75% after 4 years and 54.5% after 5 years. Women experienced more pain than men. Lung recipients with pain reported lower well‐being and higher symptom distress but were not more fatigued than those without pain.Study limitationsThe limitations of this study are due to the cross‐sectional design. The recruitment of patients during the study period was probably affected by the different conditions regarding staffing at the outpatient lung transplant clinic in the two thoracic transplant centres in Sweden. The slightly different approach to the care of these patients in the pre, peri and postoperative setting contributes to the heterogeneity of the study population.ConclusionChronic bodily pain up to 5 years after lung transplantation reduces perceived well‐being. Lung recipients with pain report higher symptom distress than those without pain.
Development of a nutrition knowledge questionnaire for young endurance athletes and their coaches
Authors: Heikkilä M. , Valve R. , Lehtovirta M. , Fogelholm M. 
Published: October 2017

Both athletes and coaches should have adequate nutrition knowledge to understand the importance of diet on athletic performance, recovery, and health. Nutrition knowledge can be assessed reliably only by validated knowledge questionnaires. The aim of this study was to develop a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing the nutrition knowledge of young endurance athletes and their coaches. The questionnaire was developed with an expert panel and pilot tested by athletes, coaches, and students. Content, face, and construct validities both as test‐retest reliability and internal consistency reliability were ensured when the current questionnaire was developed. Athletes (n = 16) and coaches (n = 13) pilot tested the 127‐item questionnaire. After item analysis and proposals from the expert panel, 41 items were removed. Internal consistency of the 86‐item questionnaire in the pilot study was 0.87, measured using Cronbach's α. Construct validity was evaluated by the difference in knowledge between nutrition (n = 20) and humanities students (n = 22). Nutrition students had significantly higher knowledge scores (P < .001). Test‐retest reliability for all knowledge sections between those groups was 0.85 measured using Pearson's r. Final adjustments to the questionnaire were made on the grounds of feedback from the respondents and proposals from the experts (n = 6). These adjustments resulted in minor changes in the construct of the items, the layout of the questionnaire, and the removal of 7 items. The final questionnaire had 79 items. The questionnaire can be used to measure the overall nutrition knowledge of endurance athletes and their coaches and to find potential gaps in nutrition knowledge.
Safe and sustainable plasmapheresis
Authors: Pink J. , Bell B. , Kotsiou G. , Wright S. , Thyer J. 
Published: October 2017

Background and ObjectivesOur aim is to present the recent Australian experience in trying to optimise collections from our apheresis program to meet the challenge of increasing demand for intravenous immunoglobulin. This is against a background of decreasing red cell demand, resulting in less recovered plasma from whole blood.Materials and MethodsWe extracted data from our donor and product databases and from targeted internal studies and audits. Data was analysed to determine the effects of donor factors, changes in collection processes and other interventions on the plasma volume, plasma quality, donor safety and donor return rates.ResultsVasovagal reactions remain a key adverse reaction in apheresis with implications not only for donor safety but also for donor return and therefore supply. Many factors influence reaction rates including donor selection and the details of the apheresis procedure. Other apheresis related complications include citrate reactions, iron deficiency and potentially bone health in long‐term donors. Changes in collection procedures can also affect product quality, which may negate benefits of increasing volume. Another key to maintaining supply is to optimise the frequency of donor visits, a major challenge in the non‐remunerated donor setting.ConclusionIn a time of increasing demand it is important to optimise immunoglobulin yield by retaining donors, increasing visit frequency and maximising volumes from each visit, whilst carefully balancing the risk of adverse reactions. Interventions must be assessed in terms of donor safety and also product yield. Both must be optimised if sustainability of plasma supply is to be achieved.
Rapid decline in MyHC I(β) mRNA expression in rat soleus during hindlimb unloading is associated with AMPK dephosphorylation
Authors: Vilchinskaya Natalia A. , Mochalova Ekaterina P. , Nemirovskaya Tatiana L. , Mirzoev Timur M. , Turtikova Olga V. , Shenkman Boris S. 
Published: October 2017

Key points
Inactivation of a skeletal muscle results in slow to fast myosin heavy chain (MyHC) shift.
AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) can be implicated in the regulation of genes encoding the slow MyHC isoform.
Here we report that AMPK dephosphorylation after 24 h of mechanical unloading can contribute to histone deacetylase (HDAC) nuclear translocation; activation of AMPK prevents HDAC4 nuclear accumulation after 24 h of unloading and AMPK dephosphorylation inhibits slow MyHC expression following 24 h of unloading.
Our data indicate that AMPK dephosphorylation during the first 24 h of mechanical unloading has a significant impact on the expression of MyHC isoforms in rat soleus causing a decrease in MyHC I(β) pre‐mRNA and mRNA expression as well as MyHC IIa mRNA expression.
AbstractOne of the key events that occurs during skeletal muscle inactivation is a change in myosin phenotype, i.e. increased expression of fast isoforms and decreased expression of the slow isoform of myosin heavy chain (MyHC). It is known that calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T‐cells and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) can regulate the expression of genes encoding MyHC slow isoform. Earlier, we found a significant decrease in phosphorylated AMPK in rat soleus after 24 h of hindlimb unloading (HU). We hypothesized that a decrease in AMPK phosphorylation and subsequent histone deacetylase (HDAC) nuclear translocation can be one of the triggering events leading to a reduced expression of slow MyHC. To test this hypothesis, Wistar rats were treated with AMPK activator (AICAR) for 6 days before HU as well as during 24 h of HU. We discovered that AICAR treatment prevented a decrease in pre‐mRNA and mRNA expression of MyHC I as well as MyHC IIa mRNA expression. Twenty‐four hours of hindlimb suspension resulted in HDAC4 accumulation in the nuclei of rat soleus but AICAR pretreatment prevented this accumulation. The results of the study indicate that AMPK dephosphorylation after 24 h of HU had a significant impact on the MyHC I and MyHC IIa mRNA expression in rat soleus. AMPK dephosphorylation also contributed to HDAC4 translocation to the nuclei of soleus muscle fibres, suggesting an important role of HDAC4 as an epigenetic regulator in the process of myosin phenotype transformation.
Strain
Distribution of Intact Rat Rotator Cuff Tendon-to-Bone Attachments and Attachments With
Defects
Authors: Locke Ryan
C. , Peloquin John
    M. , Lemmon Elisabeth
A. , Szostek Adrianna , Elliott Dawn
M. , Killian Megan
L. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This study aimed to experimentally track the tissue-scale strains of the tendon–bone attachment with and without a localized defect. We hypothesized that attachments with a localized defect would develop strain concentrations and would be weaker than intact attachments. Uniaxial tensile tests and digital image correlation were performed on rat infraspinatus tendon-to-bone attachments with defects (defect group) and without defects (intact group). Biomechanical properties were calculated, and tissue-scale strain distributions were quantified for superior and inferior fibrous and calcified regions. At the macroscale, the defect group exhibited reduced stiffness (31.3±3.7 N/mm), reduced ultimate load (24.7±3.8 N), and reduced area under the curve at ultimate stress (3.7±1.5 J/m2) compared to intact attachments (42.4±4.3 N/mm, 39.3±3.7 N, and 5.6±1.4 J/m2, respectively). Transverse strain increased with increasing axial load in the fibrous region of the defect group but did not change for the intact group. Shear strain of the superior fibrous region was significantly higher in the defect group compared to intact group near yield load. This work experimentally identified that attachments may resist failure by distributing strain across the interface and that strain concentrations develop near attachment defects. By establishing the tissue-scale deformation patterns of the attachment, we gained insight into the micromechanical behavior of this interfacial tissue and bolstered our understanding of the deformation mechanisms associated with its ability to resist failure.
On the Influence of Environmental Contour Method in Estimating Extreme Structural Response
Authors: Vanem Erik 
Published: October 2017

Environmental contours are often applied in probabilistic structural reliability analysis in order to identify extreme environmental conditions that may give rise to extreme loads and responses. The perhaps most common way of establishing such environmental contours are based on the Rosenblatt transform and the IFORM approximation (Inverse First Order Reliability Method), but recently an alternative approach based on direct Monte Carlo simulations with importance sampling has been proposed. A recent comparison study revealed that there might be rather large differences in certain parts of the contours and for certain joint environmental models. In particular, the alternative contour method yields convex contours by design, whereas the traditional contours may be convex or non-convex.
In this paper, comparison studies that include applications on a few structural examples are presented. Comparing the contours with known response surfaces, one may investigate how large the differences between the contour methods may be, and compare this to the correct extreme response estimated by simulation studies. These case studies clearly illustrate the influence of the environmental contour calculation method on the estimated extreme response. Whereas the different methods yield comparable results for some structural problems, they may give very different estimates of the extreme response for other. It is demonstrated that in certain cases, the estimates from some of the contour methods are highly conservative, whereas they in other cases might be very optimistic. The reason for these results are discussed and some requirements on the response functions for obtaining conservative estimates will be stated.