bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insecticide Susceptibility of Field‐collected Blattella germanica (Blattaria: Blattalidae) in Busan, Republic of Korea during 2014
Authors: Jang Chang‐Won , Ju Young Ran , Chang Kyu‐Sik 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe susceptibility values for field‐collected (BG‐BG) and laboratory (KS‐BG) strains of German cockroaches (BS‐BG), Blattella germanica (L.) to five synthetic pyrethroid and three organophosphate insecticides were assessed by topical application. Both KS‐BG and BS‐BG strains demonstrated the highest levels of susceptibility to deltamethrin with LD50 values of 0.0035 μg/female and 1.5744 μg/female, respectively. The KS‐BG strain demonstrated the lowest susceptibility level to fenthion with an LD50 value of 0.0698 μg/female, while the BS‐BG field population showed the lowest susceptibility to bifenthrin with 4.6811 μg/female. The BS‐BG field population showed resistance levels of 50 to 640 fold higher against the eight pesticides evaluated compared to the KS‐BG strain. The resistance ratios (RR) of the eight pesticides were compared using populations of B. germanica that were collected from the same locality during 2007 and 2014. The field population of B. germanica collected during 2014 demonstrated significantly high resistance to an organophosphates and all pyrethroids when compared with those collected during 2007, but RR values were <10 except for chlorpyrifos‐methyl and chlorpyrifos with RR values of 74 and 104, respectively.
How well documented is Australia's flora? Understanding spatial bias in vouchered plant specimens
Authors: Haque Md. Mohasinul , Nipperess David A. , Gallagher Rachael V. , Beaumont Linda J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMassive digitization of natural history collections (NHC) has opened the door for researchers to conduct inferential studies on the collection of biological diversity across space and time. The widespread use of NHCs in scientific research makes it essential to characterize potential sources of spatial bias. In this study, we assessed spatial patterns in records from the Australian Virtual Herbarium (AVH), based on >3 000 000 vouchered specimens of around 21 000 native plant species. The AVH is the main database for describing Australia's flora, and identifying its limitations is of paramount interest for the validity of conservation and environmental studies. We characterized how sampling effort is distributed across each Interim Bioregion of Australia (IBRA), then asked: (i) How complete are species inventories for each bioregion? We define completeness (C) as the ratio of observed to estimated species richness, using the Chao 1 estimator, (ii) How is sampling effort related to a commonly used Human Influence Index (HII)? and (iii) What is the probability that additional collections would result in the identification of previously unrecorded species in each bioregion? Sampling effort across bioregions is unequal, which partially reflects the collecting behaviour of naturalists in relation to species richness patterns. The density of records in bioregions ranges from 0.02–8.37 km−2. At the bioregional scale, completeness is generally high with 79% of bioregions estimated to have records for at least 80% of their species. Completeness is partly explained by sampling effort (r = 0.43, p = 0.01), although some bioregions (e.g. Northern Kimberley and Burt Plain) have high completeness yet relatively low sampling effort. The inventory of Hampton, however, is substantially less complete than other bioregions (C = 0.66). Bioregions with high HII consistently have high completeness, while regions with low HII span the full range of completeness values. We calculated that an additional specimen collected from a bioregion has a 0.33% (Wet Tropics) to 11.7% (Arnhem Coast) probability of representing a new species for that region. Our assessment can assist with directing future systematic survey efforts by identifying bioregions where additional surveying may result in the greatest return, in terms of increasing knowledge of species richness and diversity.
Tumor biology remains the main determinant of prognosis in retroperitoneal sarcomas: a 14‐year single‐center experience
Authors: Ng Deanna Wan Jie , Tan Grace Hwei Ching , Chia Claramae Shulyn , Chee Soo Khee , Quek Richard , Farid Mohamad , Teo Melissa Ching Ching 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo review our experience in the management of retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPSs) in a single institution, with a predominantly Asian population, and identify associated prognostic factors for overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS) and local recurrence.Materials and methodsAll RPSs diagnosed and managed at our center between January 2000 and March 2014 were included. Exclusion criteria included patients whose medical records were untraceable and patients who underwent biopsy but did not undergo resection.The variables studied were age, gender, histological subtype, tumor size, tumor grade, surgical margins, type of presentation of tumor (primary or recurrent) and presence of contiguous organ resection.The primary outcome measured was OS.ResultsEighty‐five patients underwent resection of RPS with curative intent. Eight patients underwent adjuvant chemotherapy and 15 patients underwent radiotherapy. The median DFS was 21 months (range: 0–146) and median OS was 45 months (range: 1–233).On univariate analysis, resection margin (P = 0.04), tumor grade (P = 0.011) and type of presentation of tumor (P = 0.007) were found to significantly affect OS. Patients with tumor adherent to contiguous organs had a greater OS as compared to patients with tumor invasive into the contiguous organs (P = 0.02).ConclusionAn aggressive surgical approach in primary and recurrent RPS is associated with good OS. Complete resection, with contiguous organ resection if necessary should be performed to achieve microscopically negative surgical margins to allow for long‐term survival. However, tumor biology remains the main determinant for OS.
Maternal rubella immunity status and pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Lao Terence T. , Sahota Daljit S. , Law Lai‐Wa , Leung Tak‐Yeung 
Published: March 2017

ProblemTo determine if maternal immune maladaptation associated with pre‐eclampsia is reflected in the rubella immunity status.Method of studyIncidence of pre‐eclampsia was compared between rubella non‐immune and immune gravidae carrying a singleton pregnancy beyond 24 weeks, taking into account maternal characteristics and reported risk factors for pre‐eclampsia.ResultsThe 9870 (10.4%) rubella non‐immune gravidae among the 95 024 in the cohort exhibited no difference in incidence of underlying medical disorders, but they were slightly but significantly older, shorter, heavier, and had more pre‐eclampsia (OR1.24, 95%CI1.05‐1.47) despite having fewer nulliparas. Regression analysis confirmed an overall association between rubella non‐immunity with pre‐eclampsia (aOR1.27, 95%CI1.06‐1.54), which was related to multiparas (aOR1.42, 95%CI1.05‐1.91) and carrying a male fetus (aOR1.37, 95%CI1.06‐1.78).ConclusionThe association between rubella non‐immunity and pre‐eclampsia reflects immune maladaptation in multiparas and toward a male fetus.
Olcegepant blocks neurogenic and non‐neurogenic CGRPergic vasodepressor responses and facilitates noradrenergic vasopressor responses in pithed rats
Authors: Avilés‐Rosas V H , Rivera‐Mancilla E , Marichal‐Cancino B A , Manrique‐Maldonado G , Altamirano‐Espinoza A H , Maassen Van Den Brink A , Villalón C M 
Published: March 2017

Background and PurposeOlcegepant (BIBN4096BS) is a selective non‐peptide CGRP receptor antagonist with acute antimigraine properties. Since systemic vascular tone is modulated by perivascular (primary sensory CGRPergic and sympathetic) nerves, this randomized study investigated in pithed rats the effect of acute i.v. treatment with olcegepant on the neurogenic and non‐neurogenic: (i) CGRPergic vasodepressor responses; and (ii) noradrenergic vasopressor responses. The pithed rat is an experimental model predictive of systemic (cardio) vascular side effects.Experimental ApproachSeventy‐five male Wistar rats (divided into 15 groups, n = 5 each) were pithed, artificially ventilated and prepared for: (i) spinal stimulation (T9–T12; 0.56–5.6 Hz) of the sensory CGRPergic vasodepressor outflow or i.v. bolus injections (0.1–1 μg·kg−1) of α‐CGRP, substance P or acetylcholine, which induced frequency‐dependent or dose‐dependent vasodepressor responses; or (ii) spinal stimulation (T7–T9; 0.03–3 Hz) of the sympathetic vasopressor outflow or i.v. bolus injections (0.03–3 μg·kg−1) of noradrenaline, which produced frequency‐dependent or dose‐dependent vasopressor responses.Key ResultsOlcegepant (1000 and 3000 μg·kg−1, i.v.) dose‐dependently blocked the vasodepressor responses to sensory nerve stimulation or i.v. α‐CGRP, without affecting those to substance P or acetylcholine. Whereas it potentiated the vasopressor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation or i.v. noradrenaline.Conclusions and ImplicationsOlcegepant (i.v.) selectively blocked the neurogenic and non‐neurogenic CGRPergic vasodepressor responses. This blockade by olcegepant potentiated the neurogenic and non‐neurogenic noradrenergic vasopressor responses in pithed rats, an effect that might result in an increased vascular resistance and, consequently, in a prohypertensive action.
Artificial sweeteners and mixture of food additives cause to break oral tolerance and induce food allergy in murine oral tolerance model for food allergy
Authors: Yamashita H. , Matsuhara H. , Miotani S. , Sako Y. , Matsui T. , Tanaka H. , Inagaki N. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundProcessed foods are part of daily life. Almost all processed foods contain food additives such as sweeteners, preservatives and colourants. From childhood, it is difficult to avoid consuming food additives. It is thought that oral tolerance for food antigens is acquired during early life. If tolerance fails, adverse immune responses to food proteins may occur.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that food additives prevent acquisition of oral tolerance and aimed to verify the safety of food additives.MethodsWe induced experimental oral tolerance in mice for ovalbumin (OVA), a food antigen, by previous oral treatment with OVA before sensitization with OVA injections. Food additives were administered at the induction of oral tolerance, and food allergy was induced by repeated administration of OVA. Symptoms of food allergy were defined as a change in body temperature and allergic diarrhoea.ResultsSaccharin sodium and a mixture of food additives inhibited acquisition of oral tolerance. Hypothermia and allergic diarrhoea with elevation of OVA‐specific IgE were induced in the murine model of oral tolerance. Analyses of antigen‐presenting cells in mesenteric lymph nodes showed that food additives affected their manner of migration. Additionally, food additives decreased the proportion of CD25hi regulatory T cells among CD4+ T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceA large amount of food additives may prevent acquisition of oral tolerance. Intake of food additives in early life may increase the risk of food allergies.
Clinical genetic testing in pediatric cardiomyopathy: Is bigger better?
Authors: Ouellette A.C. , Mathew J. , Manickaraj A.K. , Manase G. , Zahavich L. , Wilson J. , George K. , Benson L. , Bowdin S. , Mital S. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundFor clinical genetic testing of cardiomyopathy (CMP), current guidelines do not address which gene panels to use: targeted panels specific to a CMP phenotype or expanded (panCMP) panels that include genes associated with multiple phenotypic subtypes.AimOur objective was to assess the clinical utility of targeted versus panCMP panel testing in pediatric CMPs.Methods151 pediatric patients with primary hypertrophic (n = 66), dilated (n = 64), restrictive (n = 8), or left‐ventricular non‐compaction (n = 13) CMP who underwent clinical genetic panel testing at a single centre were included. PanCMP (n = 47) and targeted panel testing (n = 104) were compared for yield of pathogenic variants and variants of unknown significance (VUS).ResultsPathogenic variants were identified in 26% of patients, 42% had indeterminate results (only VUS detected), and 32% had negative results. Yield was lower (15%) in panCMP vs. targeted panel testing (32%) (P = .03) in all CMP subtypes. VUS detection was higher with panCMP (87%) than targeted panel testing (30%) (P <.0001). PanCMP panel testing only identified pathogenic variants in genes that overlapped targeted panels.ConclusionPanCMP testing did not increase diagnostic yield compared to targeted panel testing. Until accuracy of variant interpretation with panCMP panels improves, targeted panels may be suitable for clinical testing in pediatric CMP.
Haemophilia patients’ unmet needs and their expectations of the new extended half‐life factor concentrates
Authors: von Mackensen S. , Kalnins W. , Krucker J. , Weiss J. , Miesbach W. , Albisetti M. , Pabinger I. , Oldenburg J. 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionNational Member Organisations (NMO) of persons with haemophilia (PWH) from the DACH Region (D = Germany, A = Austria, CH = Switzerland) were interested to better understand PWH's expectations and concerns of extended half‐life (EHL) factor concentrates (FC) before availability in these countries.MethodsBased on an expert meeting and focus groups conducted across Germany a survey for haemophilia patients and their parents was developed and was sent out to 2,644 PWH.ResultsOne thousand and seven questionnaires were sent back (38.1%); 743 adults and 262 parents. Most patients had haemophilia A (84.5%), were severely affected (73.7%), received prophylaxis (57%) and used recombinant FC (60.2%). One‐quarter did not know the correct half‐life of their FC [HA/FVIII: 26%, HB/FIX: 31.1%]. Four percent were unsatisfied with their current FC, mainly with short half‐life of FC and difficult manageability. They expected from new EHL products less frequent injections (55.2%), better efficacy (32.1%) and safety/no side effects (15.7%); 59.5% would be willing to switch to new products if they have a prolonged half‐life and the same safety of the current FC. They wish more information about half‐life (84.4%), possible side‐effects (81.3%) and efficacy (77%) and wanted to receive information about new products from their haemophilia treater (76.3%) and the newsletter of their NMO (74.3%). Significant differences across countries were found.ConclusionsThe representative survey could show that although PWH were generally satisfied with their current FC, the majority would be willing to switch to EHL products assuming half‐life is prolonged and has the same safety of the current FC.
The effect of skin moisture,pH, and temperature on the density ofDemodex folliculorumandDemodex brevis(Acari: Demodicidae) in students and staff of the Erzincan University, Turkey
Authors: Zeytun Erhan , Tilki Engin , Doğan Salih , Mumcuoğlu Kosta Yani 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and density ofDemodex folliculorumandDemodex brevisin students and staff of the Erzincan University, Turkey, and to define the influence of age, gender, educational level, and hygiene as well as skin moisture,pH, and temperature on the presence ofDemodexmites.MethodsHealthy people without apparent facial dermatoses from nine faculties and five vocational schools of the university were included in the study. The measurements for moisture,pH, and temperature were conducted in the cheek region, while samples for mite presence were taken from the same region using the standard superficial skin biopsy technique.ResultsA total of 538 healthy people, 385 students and 153 university staff, were included in the study.Demodexmites were detected in 50.1% of the students (mean 7.1/cm2) and in 69.3% of the university staff (mean 13.1/cm2). There were statistical differences between the groups of people who were cleaning their face one, two, three, or more times daily and between those who were using and not using personal towels. There was a borderline significant difference between the different age groups and people with different education levels. The density of mites was higher in those with a skin moisture of less than 50%, with apHof 5–6.5 and temperature of 24–28 °C, however the differences between the groups with different skin moisture, skinpH, and skin temperature were not statistically significant.ConclusionDemodexmites are very prevalent in healthy individuals of both sexes, and this should be taken into consideration when epidemiological and clinical studies are conducted with patients having different dermatological ailments.
Fabrication of transparent Tb3Al5O12 ceramics by hot isostatic pressing sintering
Authors: Duan Pingping , Liu Peng , Xu Xiaodong , Wang Wei , Wan Zhong , Zhang Shouyi , Wang Yinzhen , Zhang Jian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTb3Al5O12 (TAG) transparent ceramics were prepared by a reactive sintering method using presintering in a muffle furnace combined with hot isostatic pressing (HIP) sintering. The dilatometric, differential scanning calorimetry‐thermogravimetric (DSC‐TG) curves and optical quality were investigated. The microstructure evolution of the TAG ceramic samples was clarified. Two successive transformations were found to generate a TAG phase, as observed in the dilatometric and DSC‐TG curves and XRD patterns of TAG ceramics sintered at different temperature. The changes in average grain size and densification suggest that a 1600°C presintering temperature is suitable for HIP. The optical transmittance of the obtained 0.4 wt% TEOS:TAG transparent ceramics, which were fabricated by a new two‐step sintering of presintering at 1600°C in a muffle furnace followed by HIP at 1650°C, can reach above 80% in the visible (vis) and near‐infrared (NIR) regions. Its transmittance was very close to the theoretical limit. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that TAG transparent ceramics with ideal optical quality were obtained without vacuum sintering.
The plantar calcaneal spur: a review of anatomy, histology, etiology and key associations
Authors: Kirkpatrick Joshua , Yassaie Omid , Mirjalili Seyed Ali 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe plantar calcaneal spur (PCS) is a bony outgrowth from the calcaneal tuberosity and has been studied using various methods including cadavers, radiography, histology and surgery. However, there are currently a number of discrepancies in the literature regarding the anatomical relations, histological descriptions and clinical associations ofPCS. Historically, authors have described the intrinsic muscles of the foot and/or the plantar fascia as attaching to thePCS. In this article we review the relationship between thePCSand surrounding soft tissues as well as examining the histology of thePCS. We identify a number of key associations withPCS, including age, weight, gender, arthritides, plantar fasciitis and foot position; these factors may function as risk factors inPCSformation. The etiology of these spurs is a contentious issue and it has been explained through a number of theories including the degenerative, inflammatory, traction, repetitive trauma, bone‐formers and vertical compression theories. We review these and finish by looking clinically at the evidence thatPCScauses heel pain.
Efficacy of an emollient containing diethylene glycol/dilinoleic acid copolymer for the treatment of dry skin and pruritus in patients with senile xerosis
Authors: Izumi Runa , Negi Osamu , Suzuki Tamie , Tominaga Mitsutoshi , Kamo Atsuko , Suga Yasushi , Matsukuma Shoko , Takamori Kenji 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackground and AimsPruritus frequently reduces quality of life (QOL) in patients with senile xerosis. This study investigated the moisturizing and antipruritic effects of a topical emollient containing a diethylene glycol/dilinoleic acid copolymer (D/DC) in patients with pruritic senile xerosis.MethodsThis single‐blind study involved 50 subjects, aged 50‐75 years. Patients were randomized to self‐applied treatment of the lower legs with 10% (n = 20) or 20% (n = 20) D/DC‐containing cream, white petrolatum (n = 5), or no treatment (n = 5) thrice daily for four weeks. Clinical scores of skin dryness and scratch marks, skin conductance, and Skindex‐16 were evaluated before and after treatment. The degree of pruritus was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) score once a week.ResultsPatients treated with 10% and 20% D/DC showed significant improvements in skin dryness and scratch mark scores, as well as increased skin conductance, compared with the untreated group, whereas white petrolatum treatment improved only skin dryness scores. Moreover, patients treated with 20% D/DC showed significant improvements in skin dryness scores and skin conductance compared with white petrolatum treatment. The VAS scores in the D/DC‐treated and white petrolatum‐treated groups were significantly lower than in the untreated group, being particularly lower after one week of treatment with 20% D/DC.ConclusionTopical application of an emollient containing D/DC is effective in improving skin dryness and pruritus in patients with senile xerosis.
Underground life is still safest: comments on ‘Danger underground and in the open – predation on blind mole rats (Rodentia, Spalacinae) revisited’
Authors: Sándor Attila D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNémeth et al. (Mammal Review 46, 2016, 204) recently reviewed the relationships between Old World blind mole rats (Spalacidae) and their predators. They concluded that blind mole rats are regularly taken by predators throughout their range, and that predation pressure probably contributed to blind mole rat evolution and underground behaviour. I argue instead that blind mole rats are rare or accidental prey for most predators, and list a number of alternative explanations for cases where a high predation rate was observed. I conclude that no blind mole rat species that has been studied is important prey for any predator species that can encounter it.
The emergence of the hyperinvasive vine, Mikania micrantha (Asteraceae), via admixture and founder events inferred from population transcriptomics
Authors: Yang Ming , He Ziwen , Huang Yelin , Lu Lu , Yan Yubin , Hong Lan , Shen Hao , Liu Ying , Guo Qiang , Jiang Lu , Zhang Yanwu , Greenberg Anthony J. , Zhou Renchao , Ge Xuejun , Wu Chung‐I. , Shi Suhua 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBiological invasions that involve well‐documented rapid adaptations to new environments provide unequalled opportunities for testing evolutionary hypotheses. Mikania micrantha Kunth (Asteraceae), a perennial herbaceous vine native to tropical Central and South America, successfully invaded tropical Asia in the early 20th century. It is regarded as one of the most aggressive weeds in the world. To elucidate the molecular and evolutionary processes underlying this invasion, we extensively sampled this weed throughout its invaded range in South‐East and South Asia and surveyed its genetic structure using variants detected from population transcriptomics. Clustering results suggest that more than one source population contributed to this invasion. Computer simulations using genomewide genetic variation support a scenario of admixture and founder events during invasion. The genes differentially expressed between native and invasive populations were found to be involved in oxidative and high light intensity stress responses, pointing to a possible ecological mechanism of adaptation. Our results provide a foundation for further detailed mechanistic and population studies of this ecologically and economically important invasion. This line of research promises to provide new mitigation strategies for invasive species as well as insights into mechanisms of adaptation.