bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden for Caregivers of Children with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Oman
Authors: Al Balushi N. , Al Shukaili M. , AL Adawi S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionNurturing children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD is associated with psychological burden to the caregivers. Oman has a pyramidal population structure with the bulk of the population are in the pediatric age group. Previous studies have indicated that ADHD is common in Oman.ObjectivesTo measure level of burden of care among caregivers of children with ADHD and the relationship between the degree of burden, subtypes of ADHD and socio-demographic factors.MethodsA cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary hospital in Oman. Arabic-version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was used to evaluate the level of burden among the caregivers. The severity and subtypes of ADHD were quantified using Vanderbilt ADHD Parent/Teacher Rating Scale. Socio-demographic background and clinical data were gathered from medical records.ResultsThe study included caregivers of 100 children with ADHD. The mean ZBI score was significantly high for the parents of children with ADHD. As for the relationship with socio-demographic background, mothers of children with ADHD reported a higher mean ZBI score compared to fathers. Factors such as income, number of siblings, and severity/subtypes of ADHD played significant roles.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study of Arab/Islamic population exploring the burden of care for children with ADHD. Some of the risk factors appear to have direct effects. If this study will withstand further scrutiny, concerted effort is needed in emerging economies such as Oman to address the issue of burden among the caregivers of children with ADHD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Impulsivity in Adolescent with Depressive Disorders
Authors: Khemakhem K. , Boudabous J. , Cherif L. , Ayadi H. , Walha A. , Moalla Y. , Hadjkacem I. , Ghribi F. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionHowever, impulsivity is more likely to be present in externalizing disorders, little focus seems to have been made on the research of impulsivity in depression.ObjectiveOn this study, we sought to investigate impulsivity among adolescent with Depressive disorder compared to a control sample.Subjects and methodsEmploying a matched case-control study, participants included 100 adolescents divided into two groups: 30 adolescents (12 to 17 years) with depressive disorder and a control sample of 70 adolescents. Participants were recruited during a period of 2 years (2015, 2016). Depressive disorder patient were drawn from the consultation unit or inpatient unit of the department of child psychiatry in Sfax, Tunisia. Controls were recruited from two secondary schools and they haven’t depressive symptoms according to the child depression inventory (CDI). Impulsivity was evaluated in the two groups by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), an instrument designed to measure trait impulsivity.ResultsAdolescents with depressive disorder displayed significantly higher total BIS-11 impulsivity scores than controls (71.6 ± 16 vs 61.6 ± 9; P = 0.003). They scored significantly higher than the controls on motor (P = 0.0001) and attentional impulsivity (P = 0.006). There was no difference in non-planning Impulsivity between the two groups. Motor impulsivity was high in adolescents with history of suicide attempt.ConclusionOur findings suggest that trait impulsivity is increased among adolescents with depressive disorder. Impulsivity seems to be a risk factor for suicide attempts, so it that should be systematically evaluated in depressive disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychiatric Assessment of Cases with Self-inflicted Poisoning in a Sample of Egyptian Children and Adolescents
Authors: El Rafei H. , Ghanem M. , Gamaluddin H. , Mohamed M.M. , Abdel Samiee’ A.M. , Shaker N. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSuicide in children and adolescents is commonly underreported and studied. It is an interplay area of multiple static (sociodemographic), and modifiable (impulsivity, psychiatric morbidities, adverse life events (ALE), abuse, bullying) variables.Objectives and aimTo assess and identify relative significance of dependent and independent risk factors in youngsters attempting self-inflicted poisoning.MethodsConsecutive recruitment of patients aged 7–18, with normal IQ, admitted to poison control centre over 13 continuous months, with self-induced poisoning. All were assessed after guardians’ written informed consent for different risk factors identified for suicidal behavior using appropriate scales (PPS, SRRS-Y, FSSCS, BIS-11, J-TCI, Mini-Kid). Controls with no history of suicidal attempt were matched for age, sex and sociodemographics among their families.ResultsOne hundred and twenty cases (16.7 years ± 1.6 SD, 91% females) and 100 controls (age 16.4 years ± 1.7 SD, 90.8% females) were assessed. In cases, 90.8% were of low/middle socioeconomic status, 73.5% had previous attempt, average within 10 months, 17.5% planned their attempt, 10.8% had a witnessed attempt. Stressor within 2 days was reported in 75.9%, severe in 40%. Impulsivity was more in its cognitive, planning and motor components (P = 0.001 in each) among attempters. Cases scored more on Novelty seeking, harm avoidance and reward dependence than controls who had more persistence, self-directedness and cooperativeness. Attempters had significantly more past medical and psychiatric history (P = 0.001, 0.05 respectively), 77.5% had a working psychiatric illness, 2% in controls.ConclusionRepeated suicidal attempts were the majority, with impulsivity as a predictive risk, especially if psychiatric morbidity or ALE in youths were encountered.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychiatric Co-morbidities in a French Cohort of Adults with High-functioning Autism (HFA)
Authors: Gaman A. , Godin O. , Scheid I. , Monnet D. , Murzi E. , Martinez Teruel A. , Amsellem F. , Laouamri H. , Souyris K. , Houneou J. , Infor T. , Delorme R. , Leboyer M. 
Published: June 2017

Background and rationalePsychiatric comorbidities are shown to be very prevalent in patients diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), up high to 53% for mood, 50% anxiety and 43% for ADHD disorders in an European cohort of adults with HFA. Using a new approach, our study proposes to explore aspects of comorbidities in the largest French cohort of HFA adults (C0733/InfoR) by implying qualitative and quantitative clinical tools.AimsTo explore: (1) the prevalence rates of psychiatric comorbidities; (2) the interplay between comorbidities and the ASD symptoms.MethodsDiagnosis was made according to DSM 5 criteria. Dimensional evaluation used Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Systemizing Quotient (SQ) and Empathy Quotient (EQ). We used T-test, Mann–Whitney test and linear regression models.ResultsWe included 103 patients (mean age 29.3, sex ratio M/F: 3.4:1). Lifetime prevalence rates of 53.5% for depressive disorder 73.5% for anxiety disorders and 37.5% for ADHD were found. Subjects with psychotic co-morbid symptoms had a more severe social deficit (SRS score 66.2 vs 77.9 P < 0.05); patients with ADHD, lower cognition (mean IQ total 107.7 vs 99.0 P < 0.05). SQs (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in patients with co-morbid psychosis, dysthymia, suicide attempts, and depressive disorders and directly correlated with age (β = 0.35, P < 0.05). SQ and EQ were inversely correlated.DiscussionThe results reproduce the high prevalence of comorbidities in other studies and explore its association with social functioning and cognition. Identification of associated psychiatric conditions in subjects with HFA is therefore a crucial clinical issue potentially guiding the treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Group Experience and Dual pathology and Addictions in a Regional Hospital in Spain
Authors: García Jiménez M.G. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDual pathology is a term applied to those subjects suffering simultaneously from addiction and other mental disorder. Group psychotherapy can be used in people who have both diagnoses with good results in improvement of addiction and disease stabilization.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to analyse to efficacy of a group of psychotherapy for patients with alcohol addiction and other mental disorder, and analyse the presence of personality disorder in this group and how it affects its evolution.MethodsThe study was conducted on a sample of 16 patients diagnosed with alcohol abuse or dependence with psychiatric co-morbidity who attended a therapy group for 6 months from January16 to June16. The study was conducted in ambulatory care (outpatient), being an open and heterogeneous group.ResultsMain diagnosis was unspecified personality disorder and mood disorder (25%) followed by borderline personality disorder and mood disorder (18.75%), attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity (18.75%), mood disorder (12.5%), substance use disorder without other psychiatric co-morbidity (12.5%), narcissistic personality disorder (6.25%) and impulse control disorder (6.25%). Regarding progress in the stages of change, results were as follows: 31.5% of patients progressed to the stage of preparation for action, 25% alternating periods of abstinence from alcohol with brief relapse, 25% advanced to the stage of action, 18.5% managed to stay alcohol withdrawn.ConclusionsIn our sample, we can conclude that a therapeutic group including patients at different stages of change and diagnoses is positive. At the end, improvement in mood and anxiety was observed.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Online Clinic, a New Method of Delivering Psychotherapy
Authors: Omrani M. , Alavi N. , Rivera M. , Khalid-Khan S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPsychotherapy is one of the most widely investigated and practiced forms of treatment used in the treatment of different mental health problems. However, there are some barriers in delivering this treatment, including long waiting lists, therapist shortage and lack of access to therapists in remote areas. Therefore, using alternative methods to overcome these barriers seems necessary.MethodThe division of psychiatry at Queen's university provides different psychotherapy groups for individuals suffering from different kinds of mental health problem. We gave the participants the opportunity to choose online psychotherapy through an online clinic or the live group sessions. All the patients were assessed by different questionnaires for evaluation of the efficacy of the treatment. The online clinic was designed to facilitate the communication between patients and clinicians and the material was delivered in PowerPoint format through the online platform. All user activities were logged for security purposes.ResultsStatistical analysis showed that this method of delivering psychotherapy significantly reduced patients’ symptoms and also decreased the number of people on the waiting list and increased the amount of compliance in patient's taking part in psychotherapy and number of people who were able to receive psychotherapy.ConclusionDespite the proven short and long-term efficacy of psychotherapy, there are some barriers in delivering this treatment. It is an unequivocal public health needs to overcome these barriers through alternative methods of therapy. With Internet use ever rising, developing an online clinic could be a new way in delivering different kinds of psychotherapy.
Clinical Effects of the Suicide Attempt with Topiramate
Authors: Montero G. , Alberdi I. , Niell L. , Baena R.Á. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesWe report the case of a 45-year-old male diagnosed with mixed personality disorder brought the hospital for strange behavior. He is being treated with fluoxetine, lorazepam and topiramate; and visited his psychiatrist 72 hours ago.ResultsHe has an adequate level of consciousness and describes retrograde amnesia of the last 72 hours. We found blocks of thought and abnormal behaviors such as dressing and undressing or sorting his belongings repetitively. Urine was only positive for benzodiazepines. In arterial blood gas analysis it performed highlights compensated metabolic acidosis. After ruling out neurological diseases and administrating fluids i.v. the symptoms remitted, persisting only the amnesia, establishing the diagnosis of suicide attempt with topiramate.ConclusionsThe use out-of-guidelines of topiramate in personality and eating disorders is an increasingly common habit in daily clinical practice, as well as suicide attempts with this drug. In therapeutic doses, over 40% of patients taking topiramate, have asymptomatic metabolic acidosis, which in stressful situations may have clinical relevance. In case of acute poisoning, metabolic acidosis is more frequent and severe, manifesting itself by hyperventilation, hypertension and varying degrees of impaired consciousness and cognitive functions. There is also a paradoxical increase in the frequency of seizures. Treatment is supportive and there is no antidote, being lethal cases exceptional. Gastric lavage and administration of activated charcoal have limited use. The determination of plasma concentrations of topiramate is not available for most centers and is not useful in acute poisoning.
Social Determinants, Which Encourage the Criminal Desistance in Young People in Conflict With the Law
Authors: Orlando M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPrevious studies about young people in conflict with the law (YPCL) have a tendency to focus on the risk factors that contribute to trigger antisocial criminal behavior. Instead, this study aims to research the social determinants that encourage the criminal desistance: understood as a gradual process taking place in the periods of absence of crime and desire to abandon the criminal activity.ObjectivesFrom a sample that is made up of 100 YPCL, the main objective is to deduce the social determinants, which encourage the criminal desistance in YPCL, it means young people who commit crimes.AimsTo infer the social determinants (circumstances in which people are born, grow, live, including the health system) which foster the desistance in YPCL.MethodsThe results of a sample of 100 YPCL were assessed with three profiles as follows: I: DSM-IV personality disorders (PD T-Scores). II: swap personality syndromes (Q-Factor T-Scores). III. factor T-scores.ResultsThis research shows the prevalence of the following social determinants associated with the desistance: (1) integrated families. (2) Educational and cultural opportunities (3) academic progress. (4) Healthy relationships that support and help. (5) Stable living arrangements (6) social conditions preserved the use of psychoactive substances and alcohol abuse.ConclusionsIt is possible to identify the prevalence of social determinants which encourage the desistance in YPCL. Those allows them to transform their risk path in another that shows a positive development, associated with individual transformations that take them away from the criminal life and reintegrate into the community.
Postpartum Depression in a Public Hospital in Cyprus. Prevalence, Risk Factors
Authors: Argyropoulos K. , Andreou G. , Avramidis D. , Gourzis P. , Charalambous G. , Jelastopulu E. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPostpartum depression (PPD) is a serious mental health condition. Untreated PPD places the mother and infant at risk and is associated with significant long-term effects on child development and behavior.ObjectivesAppropriate screening for and prompt recognition and treatment of depression after the birth of a child are essential for maternal and child well-being.AimsThe purpose of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of PPD in the first 5 days after the birth of a neonate and to investigate associations with several risk factors.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 mothers, in a public obstetric hospital in Nicosia, Cyprus. A questionnaire was administered including socio-demographic characteristics. The Greek version of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS), a 10–item questionnaire to identifying women who are at risk of PPD, was used to estimate depression among the participants.ResultsAccording to EPDS, 42% of the mothers screened positive for risk of developing PPD. Higher risk was observed in very young mothers (<20 years) (66.6% vs 15%), in women with history of psychological disorders (86.95% vs 33.85%), in single mothers (71.69% vs 22.8%), in women with serious problems during the pregnancy (74% vs 23.95%) and in mothers with not healthy neonate (75.7% vs 32.4%).ConclusionThe study reveals a high prevalence of PPD and identifies various risk factors associated with developing PPD. The use of maternal depression screening programs such as the EPDS may help to recognize an elevated risk of postpartum depression and to ensure a healthier mother-child relationship.
Effects of Smartphone-based Memory Training for Older Adults with Subjective Memory Complaints
Authors: Shin M.S. , Oh S.J. , Seo S. , Lee J.H. , Song M.J. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBrain health has garnered increasing attention as a requisite condition for healthy aging. The rapid growth in mobile health and increasing smartphone ownership among older adults has paved the way for smartphones to be utilized as effective tools for improving mental fitness.ObjectivesThere are few studies that have explored the efficacy of smartphone-based cognitive training. The present study examined the memory-enhancing effects of smartphone-based memory training for older adults.AimsWe explored whether newly developed application “Smartphone-based brain Anti-aging and memory Reinforcement Training (SMART)” improved memory performance in older adults with subjective memory complaints.MethodsA total of 53 adults (mean age: 59.3 years) were randomised into either one of two smartphone-based intervention groups (SMART vs. Fit Brains®) or a wait-list group. Participants in the intervention groups underwent 15–20 minutes of training per day, five days per week for 8 weeks. We used objective cognitive measures to evaluate changes with respect to four domains: attention, memory, working memory (WM), and executive function (inhibition, fluency, etc.). In addition, we included self-report questionnaires to assess levels of subjective memory complaints.ResultsThe performance on WM test increased significantly in the SMART group (t[17] = 6.27, P < 0.0001) but not in the control groups. Self-reports of memory contentment, however, increased in the Fit Brains® group only (t[18] = 2.12, P = 0.048).ConclusionsUse of an 8-week smartphone-based memory training program may improve working memory function in older adults. However, objective improvement in performance does not necessarily lead to decreased subjective memory complaints.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cognition in schizophrenia: Selective impairment and factors that influence it
Authors: Petrova N. , Dorofeikova M. 
Published: June 2017

Currently it is well known that schizophrenia is associated with cognitive impairment. Still there are many unresolved questions, such as whether cognitive deficit is total, what are the relationships of cognitive impairment with clinical features, demographic characteristics and different biomarkers, which could shed light on its pathogenesis. The aim of our study was to characterize cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and to find factors that may contribute to it. Sixty patients with paranoid schizophrenia were examined. BACS, Rey-Osterreith complex figure and correction task were used to assess cognitive functioning. Only 14.3% of patients had BACS score in the normal range. The vast majority of them showed impaired motor function, verbal and visual memory. Cognitive functioning did not worsen with time. Working memory impairment was influenced by genetic predisposition to schizophrenia and age of disease onset. Residual positive symptoms led to a decrease in the speed of skill development. Symptoms of anxiety and depression contributed to the impairment of accuracy. Hypomania was associated with impaired planning. Planning and problem-solving behavior did not correlate with other cognitive functions, which makes them isolated domains. Higher levels of NSE had been found in patients with more severe memory impairment. S100B level was associated with safer constructive abilities. In general, cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, although present in the majority of patients, varies a lot and appears selective and dependent on certain clinical features.The study was supported by RSCF 14-50-00069 grant.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Impact of Cannabis in the Early Stages of Schizophrenia: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study on Cannabis Influence on Relapse Rates
Authors: Gomez Revuelta M. , Juncal Ruiz M. , Porta Olivares O. , Gajardo Galan V. , Santayana Jenaro G. Pardo de , Sanchez Blanco L. , Abejas Diez D. , Landera Rodriguez R. , Garcia Ayala L. , Nuñez Morales N.I. , Fernandez Rodriguez M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe first five years after the onset of a first episode of psychosis (FEP) are crucial for long term outcome. In this period, the risk of relapse is particularly high. Consequences of relapse include an increased risk of neurotoxicity, chronicity, hospitalization, decreased response to treatment, increased economic burden and functional impairment.ObjectivesTo discern the influence of cannabis on relapse as it may contribute to adopt specific measures in patients during early stages of the illness.Material and methodsPAFIP is an early intervention program for patients with a FEP. Between January 2005 and January 2011, 163 patients were recruited for this study. They were followed-up during 3 years at intervals of three months. The sample was divided into three groups: (1) those non-cannabis users neither before the FEP nor during follow-up (nn), (2) consumers before the FEP and during follow-up (ss) and (3) consumers before the FEP that gave up consumption during follow-up (sn).ResultsNo statistically significant differences between the three groups were observed but a trend (P = 0.057) towards a more enduring survival in Group 3 (sn). (Kaplan–Meier curve and detailed Log Rank Test results will be included in the final poster).ConclusionsCannabis has a detrimental effect on schizophrenia. The interruption of its use could contribute to improve the outcome of the disease, as the results of our study suggest.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.