bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Charge Separation in Carotenoporphyrin‐Quinone Triads: Synthetic, Conformational, and Fluorescence Lifetime Studies.
Authors: GUST D. , MOORE T. A. , LIDDELL P. A. , NEMETH G. A. , MAKINGS L. R. , MOORE A. L. , BARRETT D. , PESSIKI P. J. , BENSASSON R. V. , ROUGEE M. , CHACHATY C. , DE SCHRYVER F. C. , VAN DER AUWERAER M. , HOLZWARTH A. R. , CONNOLLY J. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA series of tripartite molecules (I)‐(III) and porphyrin‐quinone analogues (IV) has been synthesized (described in schemes, no details or yields given) in order to investigate the effect of structure on the yield and lifetime of the charge‐separated state.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution. Part 31. Structure and Reactivity of Aromatic σ‐Complexes (Cyclohexadienylium Ions): A Correlated Experimental and Theoretical Study.
Authors: EFFENBERGER F. , REISINGER F. , SCHOENWAELDER K. H. + , BAEUERLE P. + , STEZOWSKI J. J. , JOGUN K. H. , SCHOELLKOPF K. + , STOHRER W.‐D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFrom crystal and molecular structures as well as MO calculations for (I) and (II) it is concluded that only the axial group of bent σ‐complexes can dissociate during rearomatization.
ChemInform Abstract: Ion Pairing and Reactivity of Enolate Anions. Part 7. A Spectacular Example of the Importance of Rotational Barriers: The Ionization of Meldrum′s Acid.
Authors: ARNETT E. M. , HARRELSON J. A. JUN. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe free energy of ionization of Meldrum's acid (Ia) is 11.68 kcal/mol more spontaneous than that of its acyclic analogue, dimethyl malonate (VIIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: γ‐Silicon Stabilization of Carbonium Ions in Solvolysis. Part 2. Solvolysis of 4‐(Trimethylsilyl)‐2‐butyl p‐Bromobenzenesulfonates.
Authors: SHINER V. J. JUN. , ENSINGER M. W. , RUTKOWSKE R. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRacemic products (III) and (IV) and cyclopropane (V) are produced by solvolysis of the title compound as well as of the enantiomer (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Reorganization of Two Pyramidalized Alkenes by Reverse Vinylcyclopropane Rearrangements.
Authors: YIN T.‐K. , RADZISZEWSKI J. G. , RENZONI G. E. , DOWNING J. W. , MICHL J. , BORDEN W. T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe mechanism by which (IV) is formed by flash vacuum pyrolysis of the lactone precursor (I) at 410 °C or higher temp. has been elucidated by isolation of an intermediate (III) in the transformation of (II) to (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of the Carbon‐Nitrogen Double Bond. Part 2. An Investigation of the 3‐Methylenepropan‐1‐imine and 3‐Oxopropan‐1‐imine Chromophores.
Authors: PRATT A. C. , ABDUL‐MAJID Q. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of the non‐conjugated imino compounds (I), (III), (VI) and (VII) is described and their photochemistry investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Polarization in the Excited State of 1,3‐Pentadiene: Experimental Evidence for an Allyl Cation‐Methylene Anion Species.
Authors: SQUILLACOTE M. E. , SEMPLE T. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA 1H‐NMR investigation of the cis,trans‐diene (I) indicates that at 25% isomerization no observable rotation about the methyl‐substituted double bond takes place.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Iminoxy‐(E)‐2‐methoxyiminopropionic Acid Derivatives and X‐Ray Crystallographic Analysis of Ethyl (E)‐3‐((p‐Methoxybenzylidene)iminoxy)‐(E)‐2‐(methoxyimino)propionate.
Authors: BALSAMO A. , MACCHIA B. , MACCHIA F. , ORLANDINI E. , SALVADORI C. , DOMIANO P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe ester (I) is transformed to the derivative (III) which reacts with the oximes (IV), to afford the title compounds (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of a 6‐Fluoro Substituent on the Solvolytic Properties of the Diastereomeric 7,8‐Diol 9,10‐Epoxides of the Carcinogen Benzo(a)pyrene.
Authors: YAGI H. , SAYER J. M. , THAKKER D. R. , LEVIN W. , JERINA D. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe stereoisomeric title 7,8‐diol 9,10‐epoxides (II) and (III) as well as their isomeric analogues (V) and (VI), and the 9,10‐epoxides (X) and (XI) are synthesized (all yields given in mg; 1H NMR, kinetics of epoxide hydrolysis).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of 2‐(N‐Acyl‐N‐alkylamino)cyclohex‐2‐enones: Formation of Spiro‐β‐lactams.
Authors: IKEDA M. , UCHINO T. , YAMANO M. , WATANABE Y. , ISHIBASHI H. , KIDO M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhotoirradiation of the N‐acyl‐N‐alkylaminocyclohexenones (IV), prepared from the keto enol (I), the amines (II) and the acyl chlorides (III), produces the spiro‐β‐lactams (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Activity Relationships of Kadsurenone Analogues.
Authors: PONPIPOM M. M. , BUGIANESI R. L. , BROOKER D. R. , YUE B.‐Z. , HWANG S.‐B. , SHEN T.‐Y. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract(PONPIPOM , M.M.; BUGIANESI, R.L.; BROOKER, D.R.; YUE, B.‐Z.; HWANG, S.‐B.; SHEN, T.‐Y.; J. Med.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Approach to Naturally Occurring Bithiophenes. Synthesis of a Bithienyl Component of Tagetes erecta.
Authors: D'AURIA M. , DE MICO A. , D'ONOFRIO F. , PIANCATELLI G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of the bithiophene (V), a component of Tagetes erecta, is described (see scheme).
ChemInform Abstract: Substituted 2‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazoles as Potential Agents for the Control of Periodontal Diseases.
Authors: COBURN R. A. , CLARK M. T. , EVANS R. T. , GENCO R. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCyclization of the salicylamides (I) and subsequent chlorination yield the chlorobenzoxazinones (IV) which are converted to the benzimidazoles (VI) and (VII) and the benzoxazoles (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Methoxide‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of Methyl (S)‐Dihydroorotate to Methyl Hydantoin‐5‐acetate.
Authors: KEYS L. D. III , FOLTING K. , STREIB W. E. , JOHNSTON M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMethyl S‐dihydroorotate (Ia) is consecutively converted to the racemic hydantoin‐5‐acetates (II).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(Heterocyclic alkyl)pyrido(2,1‐b)quinazoline‐8‐carboxamides as Orally Active Antiallergy Agents.
Authors: TILLEY J. W. , LEVITAN P. , LIND J. , WELTON A. F. , CROWLEY H. J. , TOBIAS L. D. , O'DONNELL M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe esterification of the acid (I) with chloroacetonitrile (II) and subsequent reaction with the primary amines (III) yield the carboxamides (IVa) and (IVb).
ChemInform Abstract: Photoreactions of N‐Methyl‐1,2‐naphthalenedicarboximide with Dienes. Formation of Naphthazepinediones and Their Secondary Reactions.
Authors: KUBO Y. , TODA R. , ARAKI T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhotolysis of the title compound (I) in the presence of the diene (II) leads to the insertion of one dienic double bond into the imide ring system.
ChemInform Abstract: New Vinylcyclopropanation Methodology and Reagents for Potential (2 + 3) Cyclopentene, Dihydrofuran, and Pyrroline Annulations.
Authors: HUDLICKY T. , RADESCA L. , LUNA H. , ANDERSON F. E. III 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe lithium dienolate of (I) reacts with the cycloalkenones (II) to form the vinylcyclopropanes (III) which produce the cyclopentenes (IV) upon pyrolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Fulvene Complexes. Part 30. Azulene as an Unusual η6‐Ligand in Mo Complexes and as an η6:η4‐Bridge in Heterobinuclear Complexes.
Authors: TOEFKE S. + , BEHRENS U. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the mononuclear azulene complex (I), prepared from (η6‐C6H6)2Mo and azulene, the azulene behaves as a η6‐coordinated ligand with a fulvene and a diene moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordinatively Unsaturated Tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl Complexes of Chromium, Manganese, and Iron.
Authors: RODDICK D. M. , TILLEY T. D. , RHEINGOLD A. L. , GEIB S. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCrCl3, MnCl2, and FeCl2 react with (I) in ether solvents to afford the air‐ and moisture‐sensitive, anionic silyl complexes (IIa)‐(IIc).
ChemInform Abstract: An Inclusion Complex Containing the Dioxygen Molecule and an Organic Guest Molecule Cohabiting within a Vaulted Cobalt(II) Cyclidene Host. A Rare Kind of Ternary Complex.
Authors: MEADE T. J. , TAKEUCHI K. J. , BUSCH D. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA credible model of the ternary complex of cytochrome P450, the complex (I), is demonstrated with use of NMR spin lattice relaxation determinations on guest protons in the presence of the dioxygen adduct of the corresponding vaulted cyclidene‐Co(II) host.
ChemInform Abstract: Heteronuclear Polyhydride Raft Formation ‐ A Comparison of Syntheses Using Alkoxides of Copper and Gold.
Authors: SUTHERLAND B. R. , HO D. M. , HUFFMAN J. C. , CAULTON K. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe binuclear Re polyhydride (I) reacts with Cu tert‐butoxide complexes to give the hydride‐rich Re4Cu2 cluster (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Cluster Framework Rearrangements. An Unusual Transformation of a Butterfly Cluster into a Rhombus. The Crystal and Molecular Structures of Os4(CO)12(μ3‐S)(μ‐HC2R), R: Ph and CO2Me.
Authors: ADAMS R. D. , WANG S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe previously reported, thermal transformation of the butterfly clusters (I) into the novel complexes (II) with rhombohedral arrangement of the metal atoms occurs via the two intermediates (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Terpenes and Terpene Derivatives. Part 20. Structure‐Odor Correlation. Part 5. From Menthone to Shyobunone ‐ Change of Odor with Structure.
Authors: WEYERSTAHL P. , RILK R. , MARSCHALL‐WEYERSTAHL H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPiperitone (I) reacts with the Grignard compounds (II) via 1,4‐addition to give the 3,3‐disubstituted ketone (IIIa) or diastereomeric mixtures of the ketones (IIIb)‐(IIIc) and (IVb)‐(IVc), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1,2‐Anhydro‐3,4:5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐1‐C‐nitro‐D‐mannitol with Potassium Hydrogenfluoride in Ethylene Glycol: A Synthesis of 2‐Deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐D‐glucose.
Authors: SZAREK W. A. , HAY G. W. , DOBOSZEWSKI B. , PERLMUTTER M. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOxidation of the known nitroalkene (I) yields the anhydromannitol (II) as the main product, which is converted to the epimeric fluoro aldehydes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐3‐Demethoxyerythratidinone: Demonstration of a Radical Cyclization Route to a Site Specific Enol Derivative.
Authors: DANISHEFSKY S. J. , PANEK J. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe bromide (Ib), obtained from (Ia) in 94% yield and the ketal (IIb), obtained from (IIa) in 88% yield, are used as starting material for the synthesis of the compound (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐(1‐Substituted Ethyl)uracil Derivatives and Some of Their Chemical and Biological Properties.
Authors: JONES A. S. , MCCLEAN M. J. , SLATER M. J. , WALKER R. T. , BALZARINI J. , DE CLERCQ E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of the deoxyuridine (I) with thiophenol (II) under radical conditions gives the 2‐phenylthioethyl deoxyuridine (IIIa), which can be oxidized to the sulfone (IIIb) (MCPBA, 42% yield) or the sulfoxide (IIIc) (NaIO4, 91%).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,4‐Diaminocyclitol Antibiotics. Part 2. Synthesis of 7′‐Propylfortimicin A.
Authors: KANAI K. , NISHIGAKI J. , OGAWA S. , SUAMI T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe hexopyranoside (I) is converted to the decopyranoside (V), which is hydrogenated to give the β‐L‐lyxo‐decopyranoside (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: An Alternative Synthesis of Homohistamine and Structurally Related (Imidazole‐4‐yl)alkylamines.
Authors: ELZ S. , SCHUNACK W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe compounds (VII) (α‐methyl‐homohistamine), (VIII), (VIa) (homohistamine) and (VIb) are prepared as shown.
High‐resolution characterization of a PACAP‐EGFP transgenic mouse model for mapping PACAP‐expressing neurons
Authors: Condro Michael C. , Matynia Anna , Foster Nicholas N. , Ago Yukio , Rajbhandari Abha K. , Van Christina , Jayaram Bhavaani , Parikh Sachin , Diep Anna L. , Nguyen Eileen , May Victor , Dong Hong‐Wei , Waschek James A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTPituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP, gene name Adcyap1) regulates a wide variety of neurological and physiological functions, including metabolism and cognition, and plays roles in of multiple forms of stress. Because of its preferential expression in nerve fibers, it has often been difficult to trace and identify the endogenous sources of the peptide in specific populations of neurons. Here, we introduce a transgenic mouse line that harbors in its genome a bacterial artificial chromosome containing an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression cassette inserted upstream of the PACAP ATG translation initiation codon. Analysis of expression in brain sections of these mice using a GFP antibody reveals EGFP expression in distinct neuronal perikarya and dendritic arbors in several major brain regions previously reported to express PACAP from using a variety of approaches, including radioimmunoassay, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry with and without colchicine. EGFP expression in neuronal perikarya was modulated in a manner similar to PACAP gene expression in motor neurons after peripheral axotomy in the ipsilateral facial motor nucleus in the brainstem, providing an example in which the transgene undergoes proper regulation in vivo. These mice and the high‐resolution map obtained are expected to be useful in understanding the anatomical patterns of PACAP expression and its plasticity in the mouse. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3827–3848, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of injection modes on instantaneous particle deposition in a realistic human nasal cavity
Authors: Wen Jian , Gu Xin , Wang Mengmeng , Jian Guanping , Wang Simin , Zheng Guoxi 
Published: May 2016

SummaryTo understand the instantaneous particle deposition in nasal cavity, effects of two injection models on particle deposition characteristic were discussed in this paper. Based on a realistic human nasal cavity geometry obtained from CT scans, a comparison of deposition pattern in the nasal cavity between single injection and continuous injection was investigated through the Lagrangian approach. The instantaneous airflow field was simulated with the tidal volume of 159 and 318 mL by two sine wave curves at inlet. For the case of single injection, particles have finished deposition in the first half of inhalation, and a negative correlation between the tidal volumes and deposition can be observed when the particle diameter was larger than 10 µm. Moreover, particles were mainly deposited in the turbinate area that was beneficial for aerosol therapy. The inertial parameter was not suitable to predict the particle deposition in the case of single injection. With respect to continuous injection, a reduction in total deposition caused by the deceleration process of inhalation can be observed after 1.5 s. The deposition was closely associated with the time‐varying flow field, and particles were mainly deposited in the anterior region and turbinate area. Besides, the particle deposition increased with the inertial parameter for continuous injection. The results indicated that the injection modes had an influence on both the total deposition and local deposition pattern in the nasal cavity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Color Tunable Ultrathin Films Capable of Healing Multiple Scratches
Authors: Zhu Yanxi , Xuan Hongyun , Ren Jiaoyu , Liu Xuefan , Ge Liqin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHealable films with structural color are highly desirable and have a variety of potential applications. However, combining structural color with self‐healing properties to obtain new functional materials is a big challenge in current research. Herein, we present the first example of a color tunable, ultrathin film that can self‐heal in response to external mechanical abrasion. It is designed based on intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction; the synthetic strategy involves spin‐coating of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and chitosan (CS). The successful preparation of ultrathin, healable, structural color films provides a new type of biomimetic material.
Exploited and excreting: parasite type affects host nutrient recycling
Authors: Narr Charlotte F. , Frost Paul C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractParasite‐induced changes in the nutrient balance of hosts could alter the availability of nutrients in ecosystems by changing consumer‐driven nutrient recycling. While these effects on host nutrient use are mediated by host physiology, they likely depend on characteristics of the parasite and host diet quality. We examined this possibility by measuring nutrient release rates of uninfected Daphnia and conspecifics infected by two microparasites (the bacterium Pasteuria ramosa and the microsporidium Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis) from daphnid hosts fed food that varied in phosphorus content. We found that infection type and diet affected host nutrient release rates, but the strength of these effects varied among parasite treatments. To improve our understanding of these effects, we examined whether two separate aspects of host exploitation (parasite‐induced reductions in host fecundity and parasite load) could account for variation in Daphnia nutrient release, ingestion, and elemental ratios caused by our infection and diet treatments. Regardless of whether we compared individuals across infection type or diet treatment, Daphnia fecundity described variation in multiple aspects of host nutrient use better than infection, diet, or spore load. Our results suggest that parasite‐induced changes in host nutrient use are both parasite and diet specific, and that host fecundity could be a useful parameter for predicting the magnitude and direction of these changes.
Clinical significance of pulse pressure in patients with heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Tokitsu Takanori , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Hirata Yoshihiro , Kusaka Hiroaki , Fujisue Koichiro , Sueta Daisuke , Sugamura Koichi , Sakamoto Kenji , Tsujita Kenichi , Kaikita Koichi , Hokimoto Seiji , Sugiyama Seigo , Ogawa Hisao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsAlthough pulse pressure (PP) is a recognized risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases, its association with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is uncertain.Methods and resultsWe enrolled 512 of 951 consecutive HFpEF patients admitted to the Kumamoto University Hospital between 2007 and 2013 and divided them into five groups according to PP quintiles. Blood pressure and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured by an ankle–brachial index device. The PP values in HFpEF were significantly and positively correlated with PWV and LV stroke volume index, and were negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate and haemoglobin levels. Furthermore, plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide levels in HFpEF patients with the lowest (<45 mmHg) and highest PP (≥75 mmHg) were significantly higher than those with other PP (45–74 mmHg). The percentage of total cardiovascular and heart failure (HF)‐related events by PP category resulted in U‐ and J‐shaped curves. The higher frequency of coronary‐related events was nearly linear. In the Kaplan–Meier analysis, HFpEF patients with the lowest and highest PP quintiles had a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular and HF‐related events than those with other PPs (45–74 mmHg) (log‐rank test, both P < 0.01). Conversely, the frequency of coronary‐related events in the highest PP group, but not in the lowest PP group, was significantly higher than in other PP groups.ConclusionPulse pressure lower than 45 mmHg and higher than 75 mmHg was closely associated with HFpEF prognosis, indicating the clinical significance of PP for risk stratification of HFpEF.
The urban cool island phenomenon in a high‐rise high‐density city and its mechanisms
Authors: Yang Xinyan , Li Yuguo , Luo Zhiwen , Chan Pak Wai 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon has been studied extensively, but there are relatively fewer reports on the so‐called urban cool island (UCI) phenomenon. We reveal here that the UCI phenomenon exists in Hong Kong during the day and is associated with the UHI at night under all wind and cloud conditions. The possible mechanisms for the UCI phenomenon in such a high‐rise compact city have been discovered using a lumped urban air temperature model. A new concept of urban cool island degree hours (UCIdh) to measure the UCI intensity and duration is proposed. Our analyses reveal that when anthropogenic heat is small or absent, a high‐rise, and high‐density city experiences a significant daytime UCI effect. This is explained by an intensified heat storage capacity and the reduced solar radiation gain of urban surfaces. However, if anthropogenic heat in the urban area increases further, the UCI phenomenon still exists; yet, UCIdh decrease dramatically in a high‐rise compact city. In a low‐rise, low‐density city, the UCI phenomenon also occurs when there is no anthropogenic heat, but easily disappears when there is little anthropogenic heat, and the UHI phenomenon dominates. This probably explains why the UHI phenomenon is often observed, but the UCI phenomenon is rarely observed. The co‐existence of urban heat/cool island phenomena implies reduction of the daily temperature range in such cities, and its dependence on urban morphology also implies that urban morphology can be used to control the urban thermal environment.
Comprehensive stochastic assessment of meteorological drought indices
Authors: Montaseri Majid , Amirataee Babak 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTDrought indices are among the most important tools used to monitor and detect drought around the world. Most of these indices have been experientially developed using data extracted from specific geographic locations and climatic conditions. Regarding the inherent complexity of drought phenomenon itself as well as local climatic conditions, there have been great uncertainties when using such indices to provide accurate and logical assessments of drought in different regions. Few stochastic assessment studies, if any, have been published to evaluate and compare the inherent performance and capability of drought indices. Drought monitoring studies are usually based on a historical data record with relatively short length, e.g. 20–50 years, and have also focused on some particular aspects. In this study, seven meteorological drought indices and Monte–Carlo simulation method have been used to monitor drought characteristics in 12 diverse parts of the world endowed with various climatic conditions. Theoretical features of the indices as well as their inherent performance have been considered in the course of drought monitoring assessments. Accordingly, 50‐year historical rainfall data of 12 stations in diverse parts of the world have been employed to generate synthetic rainfall time series of 1000 sequences in terms of monitoring drought characteristics and quantifying the inherent aspects of drought indices. The results confirmed the comparative advantage of the standardized precipitation index (SPI) as an accurate and realistic analysis. Similarly, Nitzche Index introduced itself as the best candidate for initial analyses. Meanwhile, other indices indicated significant deviations from the expected occurrence of normalized natural processes and their results could not be rationally and sufficiently applied to predict drought events.