bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy of Lurasidone on PANSS Subscales in Adolescent Patients with Schizophrenia: Results from a 6-week, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Study
Authors: Correll C. , Goldman R. , Cucchiaro J. , Deng L. , Loebel A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionLurasidone is an atypical antipsychotic that demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of adults with schizophrenia in the dose range of 37–148 mg/day.Objective/AimsThe objective of this analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of lurasidone in adolescent patients with schizophrenia.MethodsAdolescents (13–17 years old) diagnosed with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to six weeks of double-blind treatment with lurasidone 37 mg/day, 74 mg/day or placebo. Changes from baseline to week 6 in PANSS total and subscale (positive, negative, general psychopathology, excitability) scores were evaluated using mixed-model repeated-measures analysis.ResultsA total of 326 patients (mean age, 15.4 years) were randomized and received lurasidone 37 mg/day (n = 108), 74 mg/day (n = 106), or placebo (n = 112). The PANSS total score at week 6 demonstrated a placebo-adjusted, least-squares (LS) mean improvement of –8.0 (P < 0.001; effect size [ES], 0.51) for the 37 mg/day group and –7.7 (P < 0.001; ES = 0.48) for the 74 mg/day group. Placebo-adjusted LS mean change for lurasidone 37 mg/day and 74 mg/day, respectively, was –3.2 (P < 0.001; ES = 0.62) and –3.2 (P < 0.001; ES = 0.60) on the PANSS positive subscale, –1.7 (P = 0.011; ES = 0.41) and –1.6 (P = 0.022; ES = 0.35) on the PANSS negative subscale, –2.8 (P = 0.012; ES = 0.38) and –2.8 (P = 0.011; ES = 0.37) on the PANSS general psychopathology subscale, and –1.1 (P = 0.016; ES = 0.36) and –1.8 (P < 0.001; ES = 0.53) on the PANSS excitability subscale.ConclusionsIn adolescent patients with schizophrenia, lurasidone (37 mg/day and 74 mg/day) demonstrated statistically significant efficacy and clinically meaningful improvement across a wide spectrum of symptoms associated with schizophrenia. Sponsored by Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01911429.Disclosure of interestDr Correll reports being a consultant and/or advisor for Alkermes, Forum Pharmaceuticals Inc., Gerson Lehrman Group, IntraCellular Therapies, Janssen/J&J, Lundbeck, Medavante, Medscape, Otsuka, Pfizer Inc, ProPhase, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Supernus, Takeda, and Teva providing expert testimony for Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Janssen, and Otsuka serving on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Lundbeck and Pfizer Inc and receiving grant support from Takeda. Drs Goldman, Cucchiaro, Deng and Loebel are employees of Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Prevalence of Psychopathological Features in Intellectual Diability: The Italian SPAID-G Multicentric Study
Authors: Scuticchio D. , Bertelli M.O. , Chiodelli G. , Cavagnola R. , Manna F. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDespite increasing awareness of high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disability (ID), diagnostic tools are few and scarcely used in daily practice. SPAID-G (psychiatric instrument for the intellectually disabled adult-general version) is the first Italian for carrying out psychiatric diagnostic orientations in adults with ID. It was designed to be easy and quick instrument for daily clinical practice.Objectives/AimsThe present study was aimed at evaluating psychometric and psychodiagnostic characteristics of the SPAID-G and at supplying new data on the prevalence rate of psychiatric disorders in a multicentric Italian sample of people with ID living in different settings.MethodsThe SPAID-G was consecutively administered to more than 800 persons with ID attending residential, rehabilitative or clinical services across Italy. A part of the sample was also assessed for psychopathology through the use of DASH-II, PDD-MRS and clinically diagnosed in accordance to DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 criteria.ResultsSPAID internal consistency, inter-rater reliability and concordance with DASH-II and PDD-MRS resulted to be good. Around 40% of the sample was assessed to have a cluster of psychopathological symptoms that could be consistent with a psychiatric diagnosis. Autism, impulse control disorder and personality disorder resulted to be the most frequent over threshold scores.ConclusionsThe SPAID-G seems to be a valid and cost-effective screening tool for the psychiatric assessment within the Italian population with ID.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Acceptance and commitment therapy and anxiety disorders: Clinical case
Authors: Guijarro R. , Cerviño M. , Castrillo P. 
Published: June 2017

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a third-generation therapy that relates to human suffering as an inherent part of life in the human condition. Concerning personal values, ACT is focused on the acceptance of suffering, by doing away with the avoidance of things that cause us discomfort.The goal of the therapy is to make a person's reactions to suffering more flexible, working with the role of the symptoms rather than with the eliminating the symptoms themselves.This paper shows how the application of this therapy to a person with generalized anxiety disorder helps to reduce symptoms such as uncontrollable worrying, lack of concentration and muscular tension that these patients often suffer. The modification of symptoms has been measured by a single case study, where the symptoms are assessed by questionnaires before and after the treatment's application. Diagnosis was made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’ (DSM-IV) criteria.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The prevalence and risk factors of anxiety disorders in an Egyptian sample of school and students at the age of 12–18 years
Authors: Ismail A. 
Published: June 2017

Backgroundgeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) are highly prevalent and impairing conditions among children and adolescent. There are some general population studies that have examined these conditions during the early life course.The primary objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence, and socio-demographic factors related to GAD in representative sample of Egyptian school students (prep, middle and secondary students), and the correlation between adolescence and socio psychological factors that lead to anxiety disorders in adolescents.MethodsThe study included 1200 student (600 from rural area, and 600 from urban area), their age ranged from 12–18 years m we used GHQ (28 items with cut point 14), the anxiety scale and SCID I.ResultsThe positive clinical cases represent 20.6%, depression is the most prevalent 23.8%, anxiety was (6.69%), body dysmorphic disorder (15.2%), adjustment disorder (13.8%); GAD (9.2%); obsession (7.4%)ConclusionsFindings demonstrate the clinical significance socio demographic factors related to GAD among adolescent youth, and highlighting on the paternal relations.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among students in Albania explored by DASS-42
Authors: Pilika A. , Simaku A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIn Albania, at the current time, no research has been conducted to assess students’ risk for depression, anxiety and stress.ObjectivesTo explore which group of students are at risk for depression, anxiety and stress.AimThe aim of this study is to explore the symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress among students according to the 42-item Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-42).Material and methodsThe DASS-42 was translated from English to Albanian, culturally verified, back-translated and administered to 570 students in university campus of Tirana district. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and Cronbach's alpha, were performed to identify the psychometric properties of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress subscales and the overall scale.ResultsEFA with equamax rotation indicated that the 42 items loaded on three factors accounting for 53.2% of the total variance, 19.9% for depression, 17.6% for anxiety and 16.7% for stress subscale. The internal consistency coefficients were high, ranging from 0.90 to 0.93 for subscales and 0.96 for the scale. The mean score of females for the overall scale M = 28.0 (± 36.3 SD) was significantly higher as compared to males, M = 22.9 (± 36.5 SD), (t = 2.6, P < 0.01). Females also had a significant higher score M = 11.5 (± 12.8 SD), for depression as compared to males M = 8.7 (± 12.6 SD), (t = 2.4, P = 0.02), whereas no difference was found with regard to anxiety (P = 0.2) and stress subscales (P = 0.07).ConclusionsFemale students, students from rural areas and married individuals have more total scores for depression, anxiety and stress symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A case report of patient who had two manic episodes with psychotic features induced by nasal decongestant
Authors: Kandeger A. , Tekdemir R. , Sen B. , Selvi Y. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivePhenylephrine, pseudoephedrine and ephedrine are the sympathomimetic drugs that have been used most commonly in oral preparations for the relief of nasal congestion. These drugs stimulate the central nervous system that is affected by the alpha and beta adrenergic agonism. Sympathomimetic agents used in the treatment of flu and common cold with ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are case reports. That the manic and psychotic episodes are triggered. In this article, we would like to present a bipolar manic disorder with two manic episodes and both of them triggered by influenza drugs.CaseA 25-year-old man patient was admitted to psychiatric outpatient clinic with increasing complaints such as increasing energy, speaking much, decreasing sleep, increasing the libido after using the flu drug that prescribed to him containing phenylephrine. Also, 2 years ago, he has manic attack triggered after the flu drug.DiscussionIn recent years the study of epilepsy and bipolar disorder in common suggests that bipolar disorder may affect the kindling phenomenon. In our case, two of reasons in the neurobiology of developing manic attacks the kindling phenomenon is likely to be effective. First, the possibility of using cold medicine containing ephedrine or pseudoephedrine in the first manic episode, in the second manic episode having spent the attack with FAQ stimulant effect of lower phenylephrine. Second, in the first episode after using the 5–6 tablets developing manic attacks. In the second attack to be triggered with just 2 doses may indicate the effect of kindling.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Exercise for depression in adolescents: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Carter T. , Morres I. , Meade O. , Patrick C. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe reported lifetime prevalence of depression in adolescents has increased drastically in recent decades. Depression in this population can be particularly damaging and can frequently have a long-lasting adverse impact. The common treatment approach includes psychological therapy and/or anti-depressant medication. However, the efficacy of these approaches, both singularly and combined, is far from conclusive. Recently, there have been an increased number of studies investigating the effect of exercise and physical activity on adolescent depression, however, despite this increased attention, there are no recent reviews and meta-analyses synthesising such studies.AimThe review examines the treatment effect of exercise on depression symptoms for adolescents aged 13–17 years of age.MethodsA systematic search of seven electronic databases identified relevant randomised controlled trials. Screening, data extraction and trial methodological quality were undertaken by two independent researchers. Standardized mean differences were used for pooling post-intervention depressive symptom scores.ResultsEleven trials met the inclusion criteria, eight of which provided the necessary data for calculation of standardized effect size. Exercise showed a statistically significant moderate overall effect on depressive symptom reduction. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted and will be presented.DiscussionExercise and physical activity appear to improve depression symptoms in adolescents, especially in clinical samples, suggesting that exercise may be a useful treatment strategy for adolescents with depression.ConclusionDespite the positive findings, large clinical trials that adequately minimise bias are required for firmer conclusions on the effectiveness of exercise as an antidepressant treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Assessment of test anxiety in Portuguese adolescents: Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Test Anxiety Revised
Authors: Silva J. , Cunha M. , Galhardo A. , Couto M. , Massano-Cardoso I. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionTest anxiety represents a considerable personal burden due to its interfering nature and is associated with a range of deleterious life trajectories, encompassing school difficulties and health consequences. Although test anxiety seems to be highly prevalent and the pathological symptoms are similar to those of other childhood anxiety disorders, there are specificities that deserve a more in-depth approach. Given that adolescents seem to experience test anxiety in several school grades there is a need for a valid and reliable scale to measure test anxiety in school age students.ObjectiveThis study aims to adapt and analyse the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Test Anxiety Revised (CTAR25) for Portuguese adolescents. In addition, the convergent and divergent validities were examined with related constructs.MethodsParticipants were 279 adolescents, with ages between 12 and 19 years old, attending middle and high schools. Together with CTAR25, participants also filled out self-report questionnaires assessing tests anxiety (TAI), self-esteem (RSES), procrastination (QPE) and worry (PSWQ-C).ResultsThe scale showed good internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, and good validity. Factor analysis revealed the existence of two factors with good internal consistency.DiscussionResults showed that the Portuguese version of CTAR-25 is a valid and reliable self-report instrument for the assessment of test anxiety in adolescents, replicating the findings of the original version.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Significance of oral language delays and writing for early detection of developmental disorders
Authors: De Santiago Herrero F.J. , García-Mateos D.M. , Arconada Díez I. , Torres Delgado C. , Trigo Bensusan A.M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe study of the oral and written language delayed at the school makes possible the early detection of scholar, behavioral and psychiatric disorders. These difficulties could affect to the personal and professional development.ObjectivesTo confirm the relationship between language oral and written delayed for the early detection of developmental disorders.MethodA sample of 350 subjects among 5 and 23 years of age is analyzed with oral and/or written language difficulties. It is studied diagnosis, gender, age, reason for treatment, grade and submitter.ResultsThe specific learning disabilities (SLD) request a 62.3% of the treatment among 7–10 years. The percentages of SLD are: reading comprehension difficulties (17.4%), dysorthography (13.4%), reading fluency and reading comprehension difficulties (12.9%), reading fluency (11.7%) and, dysorthography and reading fluency (6.9%). There exist percentage differences between repeaters (39.4%) and no repeaters (22.9%) students with DALE. The oral/written language provides the early detection of Intellectual disabilities (8.6% of the simple). The relation between the reason for treatment and diagnosis do not coincide: the consults was 3.7% for oral language delay, 2.6% for reading comprehension difficulties, 1.4% for dysorthography and 0.9% for reading fluency. The school demand more treatment (50.9%), next to medical centers (22.3%) and family initiative (15.7%).ConclusionsThe oral/written language delayed – especially the reading comprehension difficulties – are a good early detection for the developmental disorders (intellectual disabilities minor, SLD and TDAH at the primary stage). There is more percentage of boys than girls (2:1) with language delayed, except at Intellectual disabilities, because there is an identical percentage (4.3%).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The screening of the risk of autism spectrum disorders in children aged 16–24 months in Russia, 2015
Authors: Ivanov M. , Simashkova N. , Kozlovskaya G. , Makushkin E. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionImproving the mental health diagnosis in young children is the high-priority problem in reducing the rate of child disability due to mental illnesses. In 2015, the Ministry of Healthcare (Russia) introduced the pilot project – the total screening of the paediatric population at an early age, detecting autism spectrum disorders (ASD) risk group.ObjectivesTo determine the broad range of mental disorders: from minor borderline states (states of risk) to serious mental disorders, with an emphasis on determination of ASD in children aged 16–24 months in general population.MethodsThe survey was conducted by the total screening in primary health care institutions (in the three largest regions of Russia: Volgograd, Novosibirsk, Chelyabinsk regions). The screening tool: checklist for parents aimed at detection of risk of occurrence of ASD in early children, for screening in general population.Results and conclusionsDuring 2015, 34,770 parents of children aged 16–24 were questioned. Of these 4102 children or 11.8% (118:1000) formed the risk group in ASD. By the risk group in ASD predisposition (diathesis) is understood, that does not correspond fully to the clinical criteria of illness. This state of predisposition may last for several years and pass either to illness or to health.The part of the children of the risk group in ASD were consulted by psychiatrist on a voluntary basis (2774 cases). Fifteen children (0.4:1000) were diagnosed with prominent clinical disorders in ICD-10 (F84). This prevalence rate cannot be extrapolated on the general population of the children at the considered age.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Child obsessive-compulsive disorder presenting with catatonic-like features: Case presentation
Authors: Kodra V. , Alikaj V. , Allkoja B. , Zenelaj B. , Sanxhaku D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAlthough catatonia was conceptualized as a subtype of schizophrenia, it is now recognized to occur most commonly in the course of other psychiatric disorders, in drug-induced disorders [1] or neurologic conditions [2]. Catatonia is rarely seen together with OCD and there are a limited number of case reports in the literature [3,4].ObjectiveWe describe the case of a 12 year boy who presented in our clinic with mutism, negativism, immobility, social withdrawn, rigid posture, refusal to eat.MethodWe performed a thorough psychiatric diagnostic assessment of the child as well as laboratory tests and MRI of the brain.ResultsThe child's first symptoms appeared 2 years ago: initially the child became socially withdrawn, spent most of time at his room, and became preoccupied with rituals of hand washing, walking back and forth, preoccupations with food contamination, became aggressive if someone would interrupt what he was doing, stopped going at school, and stopped calling his parents “mother” or “father”. Brain MRI showed lateral ventricular asymmetry and suboccipital cyst.ConclusionsThe child was put on therapy with lorazepam and sertraline. His obsessive-compulsive symptoms improved, and the apparent catatonic like features resolved and did not return over follow-up.DiscussionCatatonia is not uncommon among children and adolescents, and the relationship between OCD and catatonia is still misunderstood, but it may be an indicator of the severity of the OCD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical features of PTSD in patients with TBI
Authors: Khaustova O. , Smashna O. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveModern scientific researches about interaction between TBI and PTSD are characterized by few amounts and contradiction of conclusions.MethodTwenty-eight persons with TBI were examined by means of questionnaires and structured clinical interviews. 17 patients were suffering from PTSD. We compared clinical features in patients with isolated TBI and group with both disorders.ResultsFour groups of symptoms were analyzed–sleep, emotions, cognition and personality features. Disorders of sleep were presented with violation of REM cycle, nightmares, hyperexcitation, increase watchfulness during the sleep. Emotional disorders were expressed as lability without external irritations; an excessive emotional reaction is on small events, agitation, irritability, inadequacy of emotional reactions and apathy (loss of desire to think, to feel, and/or to operate). Cognitive disorders included deceleration of psychomotor reactions, difficulties of searching of words in communication, problems of switching of attention, rigidity, difficulties in planning, decision of multistage tasks, violation of operative memory, executive dysfunction. Features of personality disorders were loss of initiation and self-control, decline of spontaneity, surplus attention is to the details, inadequacy of self-appraisal, feeling of inferiority, an increase necessity is for control and lordship over other, aggression (socially inadequate behavior, episodes of anger).ConclusionsPsychopathological features presented in patients with comorbidity of PTSD and TBI are not specific and can be within the framework of other psychogenic, exogenous, organic, posttraumatic or neurological disorders and diseases. PTSD can combine with other psychical and somatic disorders that caused chronological and pathogenetical comorbidity in patients with both states.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.