bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics and Thermodynamics Study of the Adsorption of Lysozyme to 2D SnSe Nanoflake Surfaces with Associated Unfolding
Authors: Samui Rajesh , Saha Satyajit , Guha Prasanta Kumar , Bhunia Amit Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this work, we explore the interaction as well as corona formation and interfacial phenomena of lysozyme (LYZ) and 2D SnSe nanoflake. The optical results indicate formation of ground state complex with an apparent association constant of 1.5 × 103 (mol)−1. The dynamics of the in situ interaction exhibited surface reorganization (t2 = 73.5 min) and unfolding, which were more prominent than binding (t1 = 3 min) for tryptophan residues of LYZ. The formations of soft and hard corona of the LYZ structure were clearly observed from HRTEM. The emission quenching exhibited tertiary deformation of the LYZ structure with positive cooperative binding (n > 1) and dynamics of quenching followed the sigmoidal Boltzmann nature of the energy transfer process. The ultrafast lifetime of the bioconjugate varied from 1.9–1.35 ns with a maximum 63% energy transfer efficiency within 300 min of the corona evolution. The decrement of α helix (58.87%–21.78%) and increment of β sheet (5.27%–23.98%) were observed after interaction, with the conversion of large amount of α helix into β sheet. The ITC results showed that the injection heat results followed two‐site binding model, and the exothermic binding was dominate over the interaction. The second phase binding is driven by larger positive entropy, where the first binding site has a stronger association.
Hematite Defect Development for Gallic Acid Sensing
Authors: Golovin Mikhail , Seredova Maria , Kuznetsov Mikhail , Stanković Vesna , Mutić Tijana , Stanković Dalibor M. , Bol'shakov Oleg 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNanostructured iron (III) oxide was prepared by a facile hydrothermal method using poly(triazine imide) (PTI) as a sacrificial template. The physicochemical properties of pristine iron oxide and its analogue obtained in the presence of PTI confirmed strong effect of the latter as the morphology improving agent. Moreover, application of nitrogen rich semiconducting polymer during hydrothermal synthesis increased number of defects. The obtained sample was used as an electroactive additive for carbon‐paste electrode. PTI‐modified sample demonstrated 1.52 times higher oxidation current, and 1.39 lower charge transfer resistance compared to hematite obtained without PTI, as was confirmed by CV and EIS data. Therefore, it was proposed to use the as a sensor for the detection of gallic acid. The developed method showed excellent linearity within a concentration range of 67 nM to 17.7 µM with a detection limit equal to 44 nM and limit of quantification of 132 nM. Stablitity and reproducibility tests, as well as real sample analysis confirmed applicability of the proposed sensor for practical application. Excellent electrochemical properties of the submicron hematite particles are attributed to the developed lattice defects, which served as reaction centers and charge transducing points.
Greener Approach to Cost‐Effective Electrochemical L‐cysteine Sensing Using Polyaniline‐Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes
Authors: Kamble Abhijeet , Tawade Anita , Kamble Bhagyashri , Nikam Aishwarya , Sharma Kiran Kumar K. , Patil Vidhyadhar , Tayade Shivaji 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, we present a facile approach for the green synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) through electrochemical polymerization on a graphitic paste electrode, thus enhancing its use in electrochemical sensing applications. The morphology of the synthesized PANI was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the crystallinity of the material was studied using XRD, and further functional groups were characterized by FT‐IR and UV spectroscopy. PANI, coated on the surface of a graphitic paste ‐modified electrode (P‐GPME) by controlled electrolysis, demonstrated notable electrocatalytic activity toward L‐cysteine (L‐cyst). The redox behavior of L‐cyst at the P‐GPME surface was investigated using cyclic voltammetry. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined to be 2.4 × 10−6 and 1.21 × 10−5 mol L−1, respectively. These results highlight the potential of P‐GPME for selective and sensitive detection of L‐cyst. Furthermore, the designed electrode was effectively employed for the determination of L‐cyst in urine samples.
Amorphous to Polycrystalline Phase Transition of In Situ Annealed Ge Films: Structural, Morphological, Optical, and Electrical Characteristics
Authors: Singh Gurvinder , Gupta Divya , Aggarwal Sanjeev 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRadio Frequency (RF) sputtered germanium (Ge) thin films were deposited on glass substrate at in situ annealing temperatures of 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 °C. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the Ge films were initially amorphous but transformed to polycrystalline after annealing at 450 °C. Further annealing up to 600 °C resulted in improved crystallinity. Strain studies of the films using XRD and Raman showed compressive (out‐of‐plane) and tensile (in‐plane) strains, respectively, throughout all the annealing temperatures. The surface morphology of the films was recorded using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), which showed grain growth with annealing temperatures. The optical energy gap evaluated from absorption spectra for crystalline films decreased with annealing temperature, indicating improvement in crystallinity of films. The resistivity of the films deduced using current‐voltage measurements was found to decrease with annealing temperature, which can be attributed to enhancement in grain size. This study establishes a correlation between strain, grain size, optical energy gap, and electrical resistivity with temperature for Ge films deposited on glass substrates. Thus, the present study provides insights into variation in physical and electrical properties of films with in situ annealing temperature for their applicability in optoelectronic devices.
Engineering of Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheet Membranes for Fast and Efficient Ion Sieving: Charge‐Induced Cation Confined Transport
Authors: Wang Rui , Ding Li , Xue Jian , Wu Haoyu , Cai Chengzhi , Qiao Zhiwei , Caro Jürgen , Wang Haihui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArtificial membranes with ion‐selective nanochannels for high‐efficiency mono/divalent ion separation are of great significance in water desalination and lithium‐ion extraction, but they remain a great challenge due to the slight physicochemical property differences of various ions. Here, the successful synthesis of two‐dimensional TpEBr‐based covalent organic framework (COF) nanosheets, and the stacking of them as consecutive membranes for efficient mono/divalent ion separation is reported. The obtained COF nanosheet membranes with intrinsic one‐dimensional pores and abundant cationic sites display high permeation rates for monovalent cations (K+, Na+, Li+) of ≈0.1–0.3 mol m−2 h−1, while the value of divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+) is two orders of magnitude lower, resulting in an ultrahigh mono/divalent cation separation selectivity up to 130.4, superior to the state‐of‐the‐art ion sieving membranes. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirm that electrostatic interaction controls the confined transport of cations through the cationic COF nanopores, where multivalent cations face i) strong electrostatic repulsion and ii) steric transport hindrance since the large hydrated divalent cations are retarded due to a layer of strongly adsorbed chloride ions at the pore wall, while smaller monovalent cations can swiftly permeate through the nanopores.
Disintegration
Authors: Scheiber Marcus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe stereotype of disintegration is conceived as the Jewish tendency for “activity directed towards separation or destruction” of a community or state. Originally used to designate chemical or biological processes that oppose the process of “composition,” the expression underwent a change of meaning when linguistic images of such processes were projected onto developments in social and political spheres. The idea of a disintegrating quality is attributed to Jews in an essentialising way as a habitual, formative behaviour that aims at the dissolution of state, social and spiritual order. The central moment of the stereotype of disintegration manifests itself in the idea of a people as a single organism that can only carry out its activities if all its parts or members are intact and work together. Jews are excluded from this organism as foreign bodies, frequently portrayed in biological terms as “viruses” or “parasites.” Jewish participation in that organism supposedly poses a threat of “infection,” “decay” and finally “dissolution.”
The Other/Foreign
Authors: Ascone Laura 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe representation of Jews as foreigners or strangers—or simply the Other—constitutes the oldest stereotype on which all antisemitic stereotypes and other concepts are built. While many different groups and peoples have been and are conceptualised as “the other,” Jews and Judaism can be understood as “the paradigmatic other.” The movement of Jewish groups and the formation of the Jewish diaspora created a dynamic where Jews often lived in close proximity to other groups while retaining their own ethnic, cultural and religious identity. This made Jews a common object for practices of in- and out-group identity formation across centuries. Indeed, the twin questions of Jewish “belonging” and “otherness” are deeply woven through the political, cultural and philosophical history of Western and/or Christian societies. They lie at the root of a long tradition of “anti-Judaism,” in which different people in different contexts used the image of “the Jew” to think about and describe the present, to engage and transform their understanding of the past, and to reshape visions of the future. The idea of “the Jew” here is used again and again throughout history as a limit point, the line beyond which one community, history, belief system and understanding of the world, reaches its end—and another, one entirely alien and foreign, begins.
Apartheid Analogy/Racist State
Authors: Bolton Matthew 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Apartheid Analogy
Accusations of apartheid today constitute one of the strongest moral condemnations a modern nation-state can face. The use of the concept of “apartheid” or “apartheid state” to describe Israel is one of the most common forms of denouncing the Jewish state in contemporary discourse, both in reference to contemporary Israel policies and the historical foundations of the state itself. To accuse Israel of apartheid is to activate the historical memory of the South African apartheid state, in which “whites” and “blacks” were segregated in virtually every area of political, economic and social life by a strict white supremacist racial hierarchy, enforced by state violence. By making an analogy between this system and the current state of Israel, that state is depicted as a colonial, endemically racist state defined by absolute segregation between “races.” The result of such a depiction is the moral delegitimisation and demonisation of Israel, opening up a pathway to the denial of Israel's right to exist.

Racist State
The depiction of Israel as an inherently racist state asserts that Israel is racist in an implacable and totalising sense: that, from its founding, the state, its rationale, its institutions, its leaders and its population—regardless of their individual qualities—have been driven by racist motivations and desires. This portrayal of Israel is frequently entwined with descriptions of Zionism, the national ideology supporting and justifying the national self-determination of a Jewish people, as inherently racist. The highpoint of this argument was the adoption of General Assembly Resolution 3379 by the United Nations in 1975, which declared that “Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination.” The passing of the resolution was primarily the work of the Soviet bloc and Arab nationalist governments, who sought to conflate the State of Israel with white supremacist colonial states. It was not revoked until 1991. In contemporary discourse, Israel is regularly accused of spreading state racism across the globe, with police violence against Black Americans or extremist Hindu nationalism in India often being spuriously explained via supposed connections to Israel or Zionism.
Affirming, Desiring, Calling for Violence
Authors: Ascone Laura 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEven though freedom of speech, which constitutes a pillar of many countries’ constitutions, allows any individual to say and believe in whatever they wish, it is a common consensus that it does not include the right to incite to violence or lawless actions. In the case of antisemitism, according to the IHRA definition, “calling for, aiding, or justifying the killing or harming of Jews” is a form of antisemitism; it is important to recognise that if such speech acts target Israelis, Israel and Zionism or Zionists, they can also be antisemitic. In other terms, in order to establish whether an affirmation of, desire and call for violence is antisemitic, it is first crucial to determine if such a demand or the perpetrated brutality itself is motivated by antisemitic ideology—that is, if it attacks its target for being Jewish.
Observation, Analysis and Evaluation of the Industrial Contribution to the Peer-Reviewed Public Access of the ESRF: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zhang Junhanlu , Capria Ennio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough achieving excellent science remains the primary goal for Research Infrastructures (RIs), RI stakeholders share an increasing interest in understanding the broader contribution of RIs to tackle societal challenges. In such a context, an attempt has been made to identify the direct synergies between the ESRF (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility) and industry, as industrial contribution to publicly funded initiatives provides a key route to understanding the socio-economic impact. While all activities at the ESRF result in effects on the innovation process, direct synergies with industry act as one of the only attributive mode of innovation leading a tangible way to sustain innovation. Therefore, this contribution zooms in on the ESRF’s peer-reviewed public access and how industry is directly and indirectly involved in generating not only scientific but also potentially social and economic impact of the facility.
Introduction to Plenoptic Imaging
Authors: Fang Lu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPlenoptic is derived from the Latin words plenus (“full”) + optic and was proposed by Edward Adelson in 1991. The plenoptic function is a seven-dimensional function describing the three-dimensional viewing position, two-dimensional visual angle, one-dimensional wavelength, and one-dimensional time of a light ray in space.
Research on Dam Crack Identification Method Based on Multi-source Information Fusion
Authors: Xin Cun , Yang Dangfeng , Liu Xiaodong , Huang Yong , Qian Xueming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCracks as the main safety concern of dams, high-precision identification of dam cracks is of great application value and scientific significance to ensure the safety of dams. The paper proposes a dam crack identification method based on multi-source information fusion. Specifically, image gray scale and geometric features are extracted based on the image information. And then a single crack identification model based on Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, and BP Neural Network are established based on the features, respectively. Finally, a multi-classifier fusion algorithm based on D-S evidence theory is established to identify the presence of cracks by fusing single identification models. Experiments are carried out to compare the proposed method with the existing identification methods based on the evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, F1-score, and recall. The results show that the accuracy of crack identification of the proposed method in this paper reaches 98.9%, and the crack identification results are better than the existing methods.
Research on the Dispatching Decision Method of Cascade Hydropower Stations Based on the BVWS
Authors: Haoyu Ma , Hui Cao , Yaxin Liu , Yang Xu , Rui Tian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCompared with the operation of a single hydropower station, the difficulty of operation and management for cascade hydropower stations increases exponentially. Especially during the critical periods such as concentrated drawdown before flood season and concentrated storage during late flood season, the dispatching strategies of cascade stations are crucial for successfully realizing operation objectives and enhancing power generation benefits of the cascade system. Scientific methods should be used to formulate long-, medium-, and short-term operation strategies, and the sequence of drawdown or storage for cascade reservoirs should be arranged reasonably to maximize the system benefits. Current research typically utilizes reservoir dispatching diagrams or optimal dispatching models to develop scheduling plans. Reservoir dispatching diagrams can be used to quickly access the operation schemes for reservoirs, but it cannot guarantee the optimal power generation benefits within a given dispatching period. Optimal models typically utilize algorithms such as dynamic programming to solve and obtain corresponding scheduling solutions, achieving the maximization of reservoir dispatching objectives. However, the problem of dimension disaster often easily occurs. To balance the optimization of system benefits and the efficiency of formulating operation plan, this paper proposes a benefit evaluation index, namely Benefit Variation from Water Storage (BVWS), which simultaneously couples water head benefits and backwater jacking influence of hydropower stations.Based on this, the graphs of BVWS for cascade stations are drawn, which can assist decision-makers in quickly formulating dispatching strategies for different time scales. Taking a cascade system composed of four hydropower stations in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as the research object, this paper compares the calculation results and efficiency of the proposed method with the progressive optimality algorithm (POA). The results indicate that the proposed method can remarkably reduce the time required to develop optimal operation schemes, enabling a rational allocation of water resources among the cascade stations, therefore proving the scientific rationality of this method.
Research on Load Distribution Method of Cascade Hydropower Station with Maximum Energy Storage at the End of Dispatching Period
Authors: Li Tianqing , Lu Peng , Zhou Pengcheng , Han Bing , Yang Zijun , Yang Kaibin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe paper focuses on how to rationally distribute the load of cascade hydropower station in the short term economic operation to meet the grid requirements and improve the water energy efficiency of cascade hydropower stations. In this paper, a calculation method of energy storage for cascade hydropower station is presented, the change of cascade storage caused by power generation of different hydropower stations is studied, and the influence of reservoir capacity characteristics on load distribution of cascade hydropower stations is analyzed. According to the short term economic operation and dispatching requirements of cascade hydropower station, the load distribution model of cascade hydropower station based on the maximum storage capacity at the end of the term is constructed. Taking the short-term load distribution of cascade hydropower stations in the Nam Ou River Basin of Laos as an example, four scheduling schemes with different boundary conditions are calculated. The results show that the load distribution results of cascade hydropower stations in the Nam Ou River based on the maximum energy storage the end of the period are as follows: Nam Ou4 and Nam Ou1 in the downstream with larger changes in water level per unit storage capacity are preferentially stored, Nam Ou7, Nam Ou6 and Nam Ou2 in the upstream with larger storage capacity are preferentially supplied and generating power. The research results can provide guidance for the short-term economic operation and dispatch of cascade hydropower stations, and help to improve the water energy utilization efficiency of cascade hydropower stations.
Research on Deformation Monitoring and Early Warning and Safety Control of Hydraulic Tunnel in Extremely Fractured Rock Mass
Authors: Duan Bin , Wang Haisheng , Feng Deqiang , Qin Shihe , Li Zhen , Mao Haoyu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTaking the underground cavern group of Dadu River Jinchuan Hydropower Station as the research object, the key technology of deformation monitoring, early warning and safety control of hydraulic tunnels in extremely fractured rock mass is systematically studied by theoretical research, on-site monitoring and numerical computation, the characteristics of the surrounding rock of hydraulic tunnels and stability of the import and export slopes are investigated, and the safety coefficient of the side slopes and danger of slope rockfall are evaluated under multiple conditions, and the stress-strain characteristics of the surrounding rock during excavation of the tunnels and the sides of the side slopes under the condition of extremely fractured rock mass are simulated; On this basis, a monitoring system for hydraulic tunnels and slopes in extremely fractured rock mass is constructed, and an index system for judging the risk of surrounding rock stability is established; finally, an intelligent control system for underground cavern group construction based on BIM is constructed, and a platform for the safety and intelligent control of hydraulic tunnels is set up. The results show that the system improves the accuracy of construction risk identification of hydraulic tunnels in extremely fractured rock mass, realizes comprehensive and efficient real-time monitoring of project status, and provides a scientific basis for safety control of tunnels and slopes.
Effects of Rotating Stall on Flow Patterns and Pressure Pulsation in Clearance Flow Channels of Pump-Turbines
Authors: Hou X. X. , Teng S. F. , Xiong C. X. , Yang Z. Y. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe clearance flow channel (CFC) of pump-turbine is a thin cavity composed of a runner and head cover or bottom ring, but excessive pressure pulsation in a flat CFC is easy to cause the head cover excitation. At present, there are insufficient studies on the flow patterns, and pressure pulsations in CFC. In this paper, the 3D CFD numerical simulation method was used to reveal the flow patterns, and pressure pulsations in the CFC of a low specific speed pump-turbine under rotational stall condition. The results showed that the stall vortexes rotated in the vaneless region of the main flow channel (MFC) when the rotating stall occurred in the pump mode; while that rotated in the runner flow channels, causing circumferentially imbalanced pressure at the runner inlet, as well as a low-frequency and high-amplitude pulsation in MFC. In CFC, uneven pressure distribution in the external cavity was formed when the clearance inlet pressure was unbalanced in the circumferential direction in turbine braking mode. The pulsation generated by the rotating stall in the MFC could be transmitted to the CFC, but the pulsation amplitude dropped sharply at the clearance inlet position, then increased first and ultimately decreased inward along the clearance flow channel. This study provides a reference for the study of hydraulic excitation of the head cover.