bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences and Perceptions of Nursing Staff Working With Long-Stay Patients in a High Secure Psychiatric Hospital Setting
Authors: Dutta Snigdha , Majid Shazmin , Völlm Birgit 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective
Forensic psychiatric nursing is a demanding nursing specialty that deals with a highly complex group of patients who are detained in restrictive environments, often for lengthy periods. There is little information about the daily experiences of these nurses. This study sought to explore the roles and relationships of forensic psychiatric nurses with long-stay patients in a high secure hospital in England.

Method and Analysis
The study obtained data via three focus groups, and thematic analysis was carried out using NVIVO 10 software.

Results
Five prominent themes emerged: First, nurses elaborated on their roles with patients and the kinds of interactions they had with them. The next two themes explored the reasons why some patients are long-stay patients and the challenges nurses face while working with this group. The fourth theme was the impact of external support, such as the patient’s families, on length of stay. The final theme covered the changes that the nurses observed in these patients and in themselves over time.

Conclusion
It was noticeable that those interviewed were committed professionals, eager to provide an optimistic and hopeful environment for the patients to help them progress through “the system”. The study presents a number of pertinent issues regarding long-stay patients that provide a basis for further research and to inform policy, educational reforms, and clinical practice.
Counseling Women on Smoking Relapse Prevention During Postpartum
Authors: Feeney Ann , Britton Geraldine 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Many women who quit smoking after learning they are pregnant revert back to smoking after birth of their baby. The high rate of recidivism suggests that women need education about risk of relapse and effective strategies to remain smoke free even before they are discharged from the hospital. Despite evidence that smoking cessation and relapse prevention counseling is effective during early postpartum, many nurses do not provide their patients with this important information, perhaps because they feel inadequately prepared to do so. Helping Women Stop Smoking in Pregnancy and Beyond is an education program designed to help perinatal nurses inform women of negative risks of smoking and offer women strategies to avoid the high probability of resuming smoking after birth. It includes evidence-based interventions that can be used by nurses to provide effective smoking relapse prevention counseling to women during postpartum.
Preconception Health Behaviors of Low-Income Women
Authors: Ayoola Adejoke B. , Sneller Krista , Ebeye Tega D. , Dykstra Megan Jongekrijg , Ellens Victoria L. , Lee HaEun Grace , Zandee Gail L. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
Preconception behaviors have a significant impact on birth outcomes, particularly among low-income minority groups, and women with unplanned pregnancies. This study examined women's perceived health status and behaviors such as drinking, smoking, exercise, and use of multivitamins and folic acid.

Study Design and Methods:
This was a descriptive study based on a convenience sample of women living in urban underserved neighborhoods. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted using STATA 13.

Results:
The sample consisted of 123 women ages 18 to 51 years (mean = 30.57); 51.22% were Hispanic, 36.59% African American, and 12.2% Caucasian. Over 70% had a household income of less than $20,000, 57.72% had no health insurance in the last year, and 58.54% were not married. These women were below the Healthy People 2020 goals for drinking, smoking, and multivitamin use, especially those who were planning to get pregnant in the next 6 months or not sure of their pregnancy planning status. There were no significant differences on any of the preconception health behavior variables based on pregnancy intention.

Clinical Implications:
Nurses and healthcare providers should emphasize importance of practicing healthy behaviors during the preconception period among low-income ethnic minority women specifically those living in urban medically underserved areas who are unsure of their pregnancy planning status or are at risk of unintended pregnancy.
Evaluation of Protamine as a Disinfectant for Contact Lenses
Authors: Bandara Mahesh K. , Masoudi Simin , Zhu Hua , Bandara Rani , Willcox Mark D. P. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To investigate the ability of protamine, alone or in combination with other antimicrobial agents, to kill bacteria and fungi associated with contact lens–related keratitis.

Methods
The International Organization for Standardization 14729:2001 procedure was used to test the antimicrobial activity of solutions of protamine (23–228 μM) with and without polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA). The recommended ISO panel of microbes along with six clinical isolates was tested. The effect of increasing sodium chloride concentration on the antimicrobial activity was also assessed. The cytotoxicity of the final protamine/EDTA/PHMB solution was measured using ISO 10993–5 standard assays.

Results
Protamine gave a dose-dependent antimicrobial effect, with the highest effect for most strains being at 228 μM (≥6 log reductions of viable bacteria and ≥1 log reduction of viable fungi). Addition of EDTA and PHMB increased the antimicrobial effect for all strains except Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC6538, which had optimum activity (≥6 log inhibition) even in protamine alone. The optimum antimicrobial activity of all microbes was achieved in 0.2% sodium chloride, but even in 0.8% sodium chloride, the activity met or exceeded the ISO standard (>3 log reductions for bacteria and >1 log reduction for fungi). None of the formulations was cytotoxic to mammalian cells.

Conclusions
This study highlights the potential for protamine to be used for the development of effective multipurpose disinfection solutions. Further investigations such as stability, compatibility with contact lenses, and in vivo toxicity are warranted.
Hyoid Suspension Neck Lift
Authors: Yousif N. John , Matloub Hani S. , Sanger James R. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
The shape of the deep cervical structures is the shape of an aesthetic neck. With age, changes can obstruct visualization of that shape. Achieving a youthful contour requires removal of excess skin and fat but also control of the platysma to allow skin to redrape like a blanket over an underlying framework. The authors’ technique makes the platysma part of the deep cervical structures whose shape underlies an attractive neck and allows the skin to redrape to that contour.

Methods:
To make the platysma conform closely to the deep cervical structures and allow the skin to show that new form, the authors developed a procedure that includes removal of excess fat, attaching the platysma to the hyoid fascia, approximating the edges of the platysma above and below that suture, and wide undermining of skin to allow it to re-drape naturally over those deeper structures.

Results:
Over 7 years, 110 patients underwent aesthetic facial surgery that included hyoid suspension of the platysma. One patient had recurrence of platysmal bands after failure of the key suture. Complications included hematoma in three patients and submental seromas in three patients, but no permanent nerve injury, no skin loss from vascular compromise, no reported changes in vocal resonance, and no complaints of difficulty swallowing.

Conclusions:
This method allows the skin to redrape over a youthful framework and produces reliable aesthetic and long lasting results. It is a simple, reproducible, teachable technique that enables surgeons to achieve results previously difficult to obtain in a single operation.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Treatment as Prevention: Characterization of Partner Infections in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 052 Trial
Authors: Eshleman Susan H. , Hudelson Sarah E. , Redd Andrew D. , Swanstrom Ronald , Ou San-San , Zhang Xinyi Cindy , Ping Li-Hua , Piwowar-Manning Estelle , Porcella Stephen F. , Sievers Matthew F. , Martens Craig A. , Bruno Daniel , Dukhovlinova Elena , McCauley Marybeth , Gamble Theresa , Fogel Jessica M. , Sabin Devin , Quinn Thomas C. , Gunde Laurence , Maliwichi Madalitso , Nhando Nehemiah , Akelo Victor , Moyo Sikhulile , Panchia Ravindre , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Chotirosniramit Nuntisa , Melo Marineide Gonçalves de , Pilotto Jose , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Mayer Kenneth , Chen Ying Q. , Hughes James P. , Cohen Myron S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract:
HIV Prevention Trials Network 052 demonstrated that antiretroviral therapy (ART) prevents HIV transmission in serodiscordant couples. HIV from index–partner pairs was analyzed to determine the genetic linkage status of partner infections. Forty-six infections were classified as linked, indicating that the index was the likely source of the partner's infection. Lack of viral suppression and higher index viral load were associated with linked infection. Eight linked infections were diagnosed after the index started ART: 4 near the time of ART initiation and 4 after ART failure. Linked infections were not observed when the index participant was stably suppressed on ART.
Molecular diagnostics for human leptospirosis
Authors: Waggoner Jesse J. , Pinsky Benjamin A. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose of review
The definitive diagnosis of leptospirosis, which results from infection with spirochetes of the genus Leptospira, currently relies on the use of culture, serological testing (microscopic agglutination testing), and molecular detection. The purpose of this review is to describe new molecular diagnostics for Leptospira and discuss advancements in the use of available methods.

Recent findings
Efforts have been focused on improving the clinical sensitivity of Leptospira detection using molecular methods. In this review, we describe a reoptimized pathogenic species-specific real-time PCR (targeting lipL32) that has demonstrated improved sensitivity, findings by two groups that real-time reverse-transcription PCR assays targeting the 16S rrs gene can improve detection, and two new loop-mediated amplification techniques. Quantitation of leptospiremia, detection in different specimen types, and the complementary roles played by molecular detection and microscopic agglutination testing will be discussed. Finally, a protocol for Leptospira strain subtyping using variable number tandem repeat targets and high-resolution melting will be described.

Summary
Molecular diagnostics have an established role for the diagnosis of leptospirosis and provide an actionable diagnosis in the acute setting. The use of real-time reverse-transcription PCR for testing serum/plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, when available, may improve the detection of Leptospira without decreasing clinical specificity.
Molecular evolution and functional divergence of Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Das Bhabatosh , Pazhani Gururaja P. , Sarkar Anirban , Mukhopadhyay Asish K. , Nair G. Balakrish , Ramamurthy Thandavarayan 
Published: August 2016

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to synopsize and highlight the recent subtle genetic changes in cholera causing toxigenic Vibrio cholerae with special reference to their virulence, integrating and conjugative elements and toxin–antitoxin systems. It is not intended to cover issues on the whole genome sequence and epidemiology of cholera.

Recent findings
Analyses have been made using major published works on genetic changes associated with potential virulence, integrating and conjugative elements and toxin–antitoxin systems of toxigenic V. cholerae. During the course of evolution, V. cholerae strains show evidence of genetic selection for the expression of additional virulence, better survival in the environment, colonization ability and antimicrobial resistance. Some of the critical modifications that occurred at the molecular level include CTXϕ genome, cholera toxin B-subunit, integrating and conjugative elements and toxin–antitoxin systems. Frequent changes in the genome of V. cholerae appear to be an ongoing dynamic process that is assisting the pathogen to subtly change during or after epidemics of cholera.

Summary
Cholera is a reemerging public health problem. Continued basic research is important to understand the changing dynamics of bacterial virulence, survival strategies and disease pathogenesis for efficient therapeutic intervention and to abort transmission of the disease.
XRN1is a Species-Specific Virus Restriction Factor in Yeasts
Authors: Rowley Paul A. , Ho Brandon , Bushong Sarah , Johnson Arlen , Sawyer Sara L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn eukaryotes, the degradation of cellular mRNAs is accomplished by Xrn1p and the cytoplasmic exosome. Because viral RNAs often lack canonical caps or poly-A tails, they can also be vulnerable to degradation by these host exonucleases. Yeast lack sophisticated mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity, but do use RNA degradation as an antiviral defense mechanism. One model is that the RNA of yeast viruses is subject to degradation simply as a side effect of the intrinsic exonuclease activity of proteins involved in RNA metabolism. Contrary to this model, we find a highly refined, species-specific relationship between Xrn1p and the “L-A” totiviruses of differentSaccharomycesyeast species. We show that the geneXRN1has evolved rapidly under positive natural selection inSaccharomycesyeast, resulting in high levels of Xrn1p protein sequence divergence from one yeast species to the next. We also show that these sequence differences translate to differential interactions with the L-A virus, where Xrn1p fromS. cerevisiaeis most efficient at controlling the L-A virus that chronically infectsS. cerevisiae, and Xrn1p fromS. kudriavzeviiis most efficient at controlling the L-A-like virus that we have discovered withinS. kudriavzevii. All Xrn1p orthologs are equivalent in their interaction with another virus-like parasite, the Ty1 retrotransposon. Thus, the activity of Xrn1p against totiviruses is not simply an incidental consequence of the enzymatic activity of Xrn1p, but rather Xrn1p co-evolves with totiviruses to maintain its potent antiviral activity and limit viral propagation inSaccharomycesyeasts. Consistent with this, we demonstrated that Xrn1p physically interacts with the Gag protein encoded by the L-A virus, suggesting a host-virus interaction that is more complicated than just Xrn1p-mediated nucleolytic digestion of viral RNAs.
HySA: A Hybrid Structural variant Assembly approach using next generation and single-molecule sequencing technologies
Authors: Fan Xian , Chaisson Mark , Nakhleh Luay , Chen Ken 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAchieving complete, accurate and cost-effective assembly of human genome is of great importance for realizing the promises of precision medicine. The abundance of repeats and genetic variations in human genome and the limitations of existing sequencing technologies call for the development of novel assembly methods that could leverage the complementary strengths of multiple technologies.We propose a Hybrid Structural variant Assembly (HySA) approach that integrates sequencing reads from next generation sequencing (NGS) and single-molecule sequencing (SMS) technologies to accurately assemble and detect structural variations (SV) in human genome. By identifying homologous SV-containing reads from different technologies through a bipartite-graph-based clustering algorithm, our approach turns a whole genome assembly problem into a set of independent SV assembly problems, each of which can be effectively solved to enhance assembly of structurally altered regions in human genome.In testing our approach using data generated from a haploid hydatidiform mole genome (CHM1) and a diploid human genome (NA12878), we found that our approach substantially improved the detection of many types of SVs, particularly novel large insertions, small INDELs (10-50bp) and short tandem repeat expansions and contractions over existing approaches with a low false discovery rate. Our work highlights the strengths and limitations of current approaches and provides an effective solution for extending the power of existing sequencing technologies for SV discovery.
Reaching out to patients with antisocial personality disorder in substance use disorder treatment: interactions between counsellors and clients in a psycho-educational intervention
Authors: Hesse Morten , Thylstrup Birgitte 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This article presents the Impulsive Lifestyle Counselling program, a time-limited psychoeducational approach to increasing patient awareness of antisocial personality disorder and its consequences.

Design/methodology/approach
This article describes the ILC program, a program developed as an add-on to treatment for substance use disorders, gives examples of issues and patient-counsellor interactions in the ILC sessions.

Findings
During the ILC sessions the patients engaged with the counsellors in diverse ways, reflecting the varying levels of psychopathology and overall functioning and barriers and incentive for lifestyle changes.

Originality/value
Patients with substance use disorder and comorbid antisocial personality disorder can receive better care with brief counselling that focuses on antisocial behavior and thinking. More diverse evidence-based treatments are needed for this disorder.
Making cultural differences matter? Diversity perspectives in higher education
Authors: Vos Menno , Çelik Gürkan , de Vries Sjiera 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThe higher education sector has become increasingly aware of how the increasing diversity in society affects their institutions. The student population has become more diverse and future employers increasingly require trained students who are able to meet the demands of dealing with a more diverse market/clientele. In this regard, education institutions need to align their strategic approach to diversity within their organization. The purpose of this paper is to examine strategical reasons to diversify in different education teams in relation to two different diversity practices: attraction and selection of culturally diverse lecturers and utilization of cultural differences in team interaction.Design/methodology/approachIn a qualitative study the authors conducted 19 interviews with educational professionals in six different education teams in a university of applied sciences.FindingsInterviews with 19 members of six educational teams revealed that some teams acknowledge they need more diversity and exchange of knowledge and skills in order to meet the requirements of the labor market. Especially teams that prepare students for international careers foster this “Integration and Learning” perspective. Other teams, e.g. the Law team, notice less changes in labor market requirements. Still, these teams were open for recruiting diverse lecturers and found it important, especially to meet the needs of the diversity in students (access perspective). They also found value in the interaction and mutual learning in their team, but saw no extra value of diversity (colorblind perspective). Labor market demands for diversity seem to have more influence on the diversity perspective of teams than the diversity in the student population.Practical implicationsSince earlier research has shown that the diversity practices of organizations are more effective when they are in line with their diversity perspective, the differences between teams suggest that when dealing with diversity issues, universities can best work toward a common understanding of the importance of diversity but leave room for team differences in diversity practices.Originality/valueMost studies on diversity management assume or argue that organizations adopt one diversity perspective. The present study shows that intra-organizational differences may exist with regard to the specific needs or concern for diversity management practices.
Interlending and document delivery in India through INFLIBNET and the UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium
Authors: Panda Saroja Kumar , Arora Jagdish , Rai Ashok Kumar 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the J-Gate Plus Discovery and Resource Sharing Model, and to examine the interlending and document delivery service within the Indian university system and the UGC-Infonet Digital Library Consortium.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper describes the functionalities of J-Gate Plus services and discusses how it become a successful product in the Indian academic sector. Finally, the paper analyses the search trends and document delivery request reports.

Findings
Information and Library Network, Inter-library loan Centres (universities) and J-Gate@UGC-Infonet are cooperating to facilitate resource sharing in India and to gradually expand their roles to other academic library systems.

Originality/value
The paper is an up-to-date study of resource sharing in the Indian university system through the J-Gate@UGC-Infonet service.
Tackling Big Deals: the experience of Maastricht University
Authors: Dikboom Monique 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to describe the experiences of the Maastricht University Library in The Netherlands with regard to the evaluation of electronic subscriptions. For the evaluation of Big Deals, a tool was built to obtain an overview of the value of the package. For individual subscriptions, ways were investigated to keep rising costs under control.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper shows the ways in which the library staff endeavoured to gain more control over the renewal of electronic content. Several options were investigated and tried out in practice.

Findings
To use the evaluation tool, the faculties delivered core title lists of journals. After combining these with usage statistics, the titles in the package and the list prices of these titles, the staff are provided with a report. This report is very helpful for making a decision about the renewal. However, it is clear that it is difficult to control something the steep annual price increases of individual journals subscriptions.

Originality/value
This is one of the very few papers published on attempts to control journal price increases. The paper describes a subject that libraries worldwide encounter and thus will help to meet the needs of library staff involved with collection and license management.