bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusive transport of energetic electrons in the solar corona: X-ray and radio diagnostics
Authors: Musset S. , Kontar E. P. , Vilmer N. 
Published: October 2017

Context. Imaging spectroscopy in X-rays with RHESSI provides the possibility to investigate the spatial evolution of X-ray emitting electron distribution and therefore, to study transport effects on energetic electrons during solar flares.
Aims. We study the energy dependence of the scattering mean free path of energetic electrons in the solar corona.
Methods. We used imaging spectroscopy with RHESSI to study the evolution of energetic electrons distribution in various parts of the magnetic loop during the 2004 May 21 flare. We compared these observations with the radio observations of the gyrosynchrotron radiation of the same flare and with the predictions of a diffusive transport model.
Results. X-ray analysis shows a trapping of energetic electrons in the corona and a spectral hardening of the energetic electron distribution between the top of the loop and the footpoints. Coronal trapping of electrons is stronger for radio-emitting electrons than for X-ray-emitting electrons. These observations can be explained by a diffusive transport model.
Conclusions. We show that the combination of X-ray and radio diagnostics is a powerful tool to study electron transport in the solar corona in different energy domains. We show that the diffusive transport model can explain our observations, and in the range 25–500 keV, the scattering mean free path of electrons decreases with electron energy. We can estimate for the first time the scattering mean free path dependence on energy in the corona.
Palladium-Catalyzed Copper-Promoted Hiyama-Type Carbon–­Carbon Cross-Coupling Reactions of Dihetaryl Disulfides as ­Electrophiles
Authors: Quan Zheng-Jun , Wang Xi-Cun , Liu Ming-Xia , Gong Hai-Peng 
Published: October 2017

Dihetaryl disulfides were used as electrophiles in a palladium-catalyzed carbon–carbon cross-coupling reaction with arylsilanes to ­realize a Hiyama-type reaction. This unique transformation shows high reactivity, excellent functional-group tolerance, and mild reaction conditions, making it an attractive alternative to conventional cross-coupling approaches for carbon−carbon bond construction.
Treatment of Ulnar Impaction Syndrome with and without Central TFC Lesion
Authors: Herold Alexandra , Unglaub Frank , Megerle Kai , Erne Holger , Löw Steffen 
Published: October 2017

Background Arthroscopic debridement of the triangular fibrocartilage (TFC) is well accepted in patients with ulnar impaction syndrome with central TFC lesions. Treatment remains controversial, however, when there is no such lesion from radiocarpal view.
Purpose This study assessed the clinical outcome of arthroscopic central TFC resection and debridement and secondary ulnar shortening in patients with ulnar impaction with central TFC lesion compared with patients without TFC lesion.
Patients and Methods Thirty-two consecutive patients with ulnar impaction syndrome were arthroscopically treated, 16 of whom had a central lesion of the TFC that was debrided. In the 16 patients with no lesion from the radiocarpal view, the TFC was centrally resected and debrided to decompress the ulnocarpal joint. Persisting symptoms necessitated ulnar shortening in four patients in each group. Two patients underwent repeat arthroscopic TFC debridement. All patients were examined at 3, 6, and 12 months, and at final follow-up (mean: 1.7 years) following arthroscopy, respectively ulnar shortening or hardware removal.
Results In both groups, pain, Krimmer, and DASH scores significantly improved. Improvements of DASH scores were significantly higher in patients without lesion at 12 months and at final follow-up. For other parameters, no significant difference was found between the two groups.
Conclusion In both situations, with and without central TFC lesion, resection and debridement sufficiently reduced the ulnar-sided wrist pain and improved function in three out of four patients, and therefore qualified as the first-line treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome as arthroscopy is performed, anyway. Those patients who complained of persisting or recurrent ulnar-sided wrist pain finally benefitted from ulnar shortening osteotomy as the secondary procedure.
Level of Evidence Therapeutic III, case–control study.
Herausforderungen der magnetresonanztomografischen Diagnose der axialen Spondylarthritis
Authors: Bach A. , Hermann K.-G. 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungIn der Bildgebung der axialen Spondylarthritiden einschliesslich der ankylosierenden Spondylitis steht das konventionelle Röntgenbild der Sakroiliakalgelenke (SIG) an erster Stelle. Da sich pathologische Veränderungen hier jedoch erst spät nachweisen lassen, verzögert sich die Diagnosestellung im Schnitt um 5–9 Jahre. Die fehlende Sensitivität des Röntgenbildes für frühe Krankheitsstadien lässt also eine diagnostische Lücke entstehen, welche auch den Therapiebeginn erheblich verzögern kann. Mit der Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) der SIG steht uns eine moderne, sehr sensitive Modalität zur Erkennung der frühen Spondylarthritis (SpA) zur Verfügung, welche diese Lücke schließen kann. Die heute flächendeckende Verfügbarkeit geeigneter MRT-Geräte und die immer genauere Klassifikation der SIG-Veränderungen machen sie zu einer Untersuchungsmethode, welche nicht mehr den großen Krankenhäusern vorbehalten ist, sondern überall im klinischen Alltag eingesetzt werden kann und sollte. Essenziell für die Bildinterpretation ist die Kenntnis der in der MRT sichtbaren Pathologien, welche in aktive und strukturelle Veränderungen eingeteilt werden. Zu den aktiven Veränderungen zählen paraartikuläre Osteitiden, Synovitiden, Kapsulitiden und Enthesitiden; zu den chronischen Veränderungen Erosionen, subchondrale Sklerosierungen, transartikuläre Knochenbrücken und periartikuläre Verfettungen. Sie lassen sich durch ihr jeweils typisches Signalverhalten und ihre Lage gut charakterisieren. Zusätzlich ist das Wissen über mögliche anatomischen Varianten und Differenzialdiagnosen relevant – in unklaren Fällen kann eine ergänzende computertomoprafische Bildgebung hilfreich sein. Die aktuelle Diskussion neuer Konzepte (wie bspw. das „Backfill“ in den SIG) zeigt, dass die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten auch hier in Zukunft noch vielfältiger werden. Eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit von Rheumatologen und Radiologen mit optimaler Ausschöpfung dieser „frühen“ diagnostischen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten trägt zu einer Verbesserung der Patientenversorgung bei.
Cesarean Delivery in a Case of Persistent Second Trimester Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
Authors: Torky Haitham 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome develops as an iatrogenic complication related to ovulation induction. It is usually self-limiting with complete resolution expected within 10–14 days.
Case The current case is a report of an unusually prolonged course of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome persisting until 22 weeks of gestation, accidentally discovered and managed by cesarean section due to an obstetric indication.
Conclusion Clinicians should be aware of this possibility when managing cases of IVF pregnancy.
Verhindert eine höhere Raumtemperatur im Erstversorgungsraum die Auskühlung von Frühgeborenen unter 1500 g?
Authors: Johannsen Janaina , Vochem Matthias , Neuberger Patrick 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die Prävention der Hypothermie ist eine der wichtigsten Maßnahmen bei der Erstversorgung kleiner Frühgeborener. Es existiert eine umfassende Datenlage zu diversen Präventionsmaßnahmen (z. B. Anwärmen der Atemluft, sterile Folien, Wärmestrahler, Gelmatratzen etc.), jedoch gibt es bislang keine Empfehlungen bzw. Vergleichsstudien zu dem Teilaspekt der optimalen Raumtemperatur im Erstversorgungsraum.
Methoden Vergleich der rektalen Aufnahmetemperaturen von Frühgeborenen unter 1500 g nach postnataler Versorgung in zwei unterschiedlich warmen Erstversorgungsräumen (28°C vs. 34°C) als retrospektive Kohortenstudie.
Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich, dass eine höhere Temperatur im Erstversorgungsraum signifikant weniger hypotherme Frühgeborene (Aufnahmetemperatur <36,5°C), jedoch auch mehr Frühgeborene mit Körpertemperatur >37,5°C zur Folge hatte.
Fazit Die Auskühlung von Frühgeborenen könnte durch eine höhere Temperatur im Erstversorgungsraum mit verhindert werden. Weitere Studien sollten diesen Teilaspekt untermauern, wodurch eventuell eine Aussage zur optimalen Temperatur im Erstversorgungsraum gegeben werden könnte.
Nuklearmedizin in Diagnostik und Therapie rheumatischer Erkrankungen: Skelettszintigrafie, Hybridbildgebung mit SPECT/CT und PET/CT sowie Radiosynoviorthese
Authors: Hautzel Hubertus , Schneider Matthias , Richter Jutta 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungZiel der modernen nuklearmedizinischen Diagnostik sind neben der im Fokus stehenden Früherkennung der Erkrankungen auch die Kontrolle und das Monitoring der Therapie und damit des Krankheitsverlaufes. Die Hybridmethoden nehmen inzwischen einen hohen Stellenwert in der Forschung ein, in der klinischen Routine und v. a. im Follow-up sollten ihre Indikation und Anwendung neben Kosten/Nutzenabwägungen unter Strahlenexpositionsgründen kritisch geprüft werden. Die Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die aktuell in Diagnostik und Therapie eingesetzten Verfahren.
Influence of Paclitaxel and Heparin on Vitality, Proliferation and Cytokine Production of Endometrial Cancer Cells
Authors: Dinkic Christine , Kruse Anja , Zygmunt Marek , Schuetz Florian , Brucker Janina , Rom Joachim , Sohn Christof , Fluhr Herbert 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background Cancer patients have a higher risk for thromboembolic events compared to healthy individuals and are often treated with heparins. A beneficial effect of heparins on tumor patients above and beyond the classic anticoagulation effect has been reported, leading to an increased focus on the use of heparins in anticancer treatment. In recent years, it has become apparent that microenvironments greatly affect tumor development and can be a major source of tumor-promoting factors. Cytokines play an important role in tumor microenvironments, inducing carcinogenesis and influencing tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis, metastatic potential and immunosuppression. The possible interaction of heparins and cytokines could also have an effect on cancer cells.
Methods This study investigated the effect of paclitaxel (PTX) combined with heparins on the vitality of endometrial cancer cells using viability and cytotoxicity assays. The study also examined whether treatment with paclitaxel and heparin influences cytokine secretion or expression.
Results Heparin treatment did not influence cell viability, and no influence of heparins in combination with paclitaxel was seen for the evaluated cancer cell lines HEC-1-A, KLE, RL 95-2 and AN3-CA compared to untreated cells. Secretion of the cytokines CCL5, CCL2 and IL-6 increased after paclitaxel treatment in several endometrial cancer cell lines, but no general effect on cytokine secretion was detected after heparin treatment. A significant decrease in CCL5 expression was only detected in KLE cells following treatment with heparin and paclitaxel, and an increase in the expression of CCL5 in RL 95-2 cells.
Conclusion Further in-depth studies are needed to investigate the functions of cytokines CCL2, CCL5 and IL-6 in endometrial cancer cells treated with paclitaxel. Although no general effect on cytokine secretion was detected following heparin treatment, a selective modulatory impact could exist.
Assessing the Clinical Benefit of Systemic Adjuvant Therapies for Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Möbus Volker , Hell Susanne , Schmidt Marcus 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOncologic therapy is currently undergoing significant changes. A number of innovative targeted medications currently in clinical development have raised high expectations. With that in mind, discussions about terms such as “clinical benefit” and “clinical relevance” are highly topical. This also applies to further developments in the field of adjuvant systemic therapies for early-stage breast cancer. As the treatment aim is curative, assessment of the clinical benefit of adjuvant therapies must be largely based on efficacy outcomes. The focus must be on improving disease-free survival rates and lowering the risk of recurrence. Because of the current low mortality rates, statements about overall survival rates are only possible after very long observation periods. Consequently, new drugs in adjuvant therapies should be considered as offering a clinical benefit, if they reduce the risk of recurrence below current low levels of risk. The evidence for established adjuvant therapy standards in early-stage breast cancer can be used as objective criteria for comparison. This review article considers the requirements for clinical benefit of new adjuvant therapies for early breast cancer, based on examples from adjuvant endocrine therapy, adjuvant polychemotherapy and adjuvant anti-HER2 therapy.
Enhanced antibacterial activity through the controlled alignment of graphene oxide nanosheets
Authors: Lu Xinglin , Feng Xunda , Werber Jay R. , Chu Chiheng , Zucker Ines , Kim Jae-Hong , Osuji Chinedum O. , Elimelech Menachem 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceIn biomedical and environmental applications, as well as manufacture and disposal, the interaction of graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) with living cells is inevitable and sometimes crucial. While the cytotoxic properties of GBNs are well established, the mechanisms behind the cytotoxicity remain controversial. In this study, we first utilize a magnetic field to form films with aligned graphene oxide (GO), showing that the alignment of sharp GO edges plays a crucial role in the antibacterial activity. We then demonstrate using model systems that GO unequivocally induces physical disruption of lipid bilayers and that oxidation stems from a direct electron transfer mechanism. Altogether, our results elucidate the physicochemical, edge-based cytotoxicity of GBNs, while providing guidance for the design of engineered surfaces using GBNs.
A Relative Version of Gieseker’s Problem on Stratifications in Characteristic $\boldsymbol{p>0}$
Authors: Esnault Hélène , Srinivas Vasudevan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe prove that the vanishing of the functoriality morphism for the étale fundamental group between smooth projective varieties over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>0$ forces the same property for the fundamental groups of stratifications.
Correction of Progressive Severe Cervical Kyphosis in a 21-Month-Old Patient With NF1: Surgical Technique and Review of Literature
Authors: Vigneswaran Krishanthan , Sribnick Eric A , Reisner Andrew , Chern Joshua 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Severe cervical kyphosis in the setting of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a rare manifestation of the disease in the pediatric population. Dystrophic and immature bone complicate the placement of hardware necessary for surgical correction of alignment and a review of the literature yields 4 cases of pediatric patients with NF1 requiring surgical intervention in which the youngest patient was 10 yr old.

OBJECTIVE
To report the case of an 11-mo-old female with NF1 who presented with a plexiform cervical neurofibroma and focal cervical kyphosis. A comprehensive review of the literature and a detailed description of nonsurgical and surgical management for this patient population is described.

METHODS
A literature review was completed for article reviewing management of pediatric patients with cervical spine injuries and NF1. The patient's chart was reviewed and the patient was followed for a year to provide adequate follow-up. Institutional Review Board (IRB)/ethics committee approval and patient consent were neither required nor sought for this study.

RESULTS
The literature was reviewed, summarized, and utilized for operative planning and postoperative management. Postoperative imaging and 1-yr follow-up imaging showed anterior construct and lateral mass fusion, restoration of cervical alignment, and no neurological deficits.

CONCLUSION
This is the youngest reported patient to have surgical cervical kyphosis correction in the setting of NF1. A review of the literature helped develop a long-term plan and shape a novel same-day front-back-front approach to restore alignment that will be of use to teams managing these complex patients in the future.
The Impact of Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging on Patient Safety Management During Awake Craniotomy
Authors: Kamata Kotoe , Maruyama Takashi , Iseki Hiroshi , Nomura Minoru , Muragaki Yoshihiro , Ozaki Makoto 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Awake craniotomy paired with intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) is now the established technique for maximizing surgical resection, while preserving neurological function. However, leaving an unsecured airway patient in the iMRI gantry represents considerable risk. Our study aimed at identifying the incidence of critical adverse events in unsecured airway patients during iMRI as part of awake craniotomy.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a clinical chart review of consecutive awake craniotomies performed between November 1999 and December 2015. Sequences of iMRI performed without invasive airway management were selected for assessment and the incidence of critical adverse events, including general convulsive seizure, respiratory arrest, nausea/vomiting and agitation, was identified.

Results:
Critical adverse events occurred in 21 of 356 unsecured airway patients within 24 of the 579 iMRI sequences. In cases using the low-field strength open MRI scanner, emergency termination of scans due to patient decline was recorded in only 4 cases: no cases of cardiac arrest, accidental death, or thermal injury were recorded. Compared with cardiovascular monitoring, patient respiratory status was poorly recorded.

Conclusions:
In terms of anesthesia, concurrent use of iMRI for awake craniotomy is clinically acceptable providing potential intraoperative complications can be controlled. Further, the configuration of the iMRI scanner as well as the reduced exposure from the lower magnetic field strength was found to impact patient safety management. Therefore when a conscious patient is left in the gantry without airway support, it is advisable that levels of oxygenation and ventilation should be monitored at all times.
Inotropic Effects of Nicorandil on Cardiac Contractility Assessed by Left Ventricular Pressure–Volume Relationship Analyses in Anesthetized Monkeys
Authors: Ishizaka Tomomichi , Yoshimatsu Yu , Maeda Yu , Chiba Katsuyoshi , Mori Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2017

Abstract:
Nicorandil is a representative antianginal drug that has dual properties of a nitrate and adenosine triphosphate–sensitive potassium (KATP) channel agonist; however, its effects on integrated cardiac function have not been fully understood. This study was conducted to clarify the functional, hemodynamic, and electrophysiological effects of nicorandil using ventricular pressure–volume loop analysis in isoflurane-anesthetized monkeys. Nicorandil was given intravenously at therapeutic doses of 0.2 and 2 mg/kg over 10 minutes to cynomolgus monkeys (n = 5) with a pause of 10 minutes between the 2 doses. Nicorandil at 0.2 mg/kg caused decreases in systemic blood pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure by its vasodilating action. Nicorandil at 2 mg/kg also exhibited positive inotropic action demonstrated by increased slopes of preload recruitable stroke work relationship, which is a load-independent inotropic parameter. In load-dependent inotropic parameters, positive inotropy of nicorandil was also indicated by the shortened QA interval and increased contractility index; however, significant changes were not observed in the maximal upstroke velocity of left ventricular pressure. Moreover, reflex tachycardia accompanied by shortening of QT/QTc intervals was observed. Overall, the isoflurane-anesthetized monkey model with pressure–volume loop analysis revealed cardiac variables of nicorandil, including a positive inotropy contributable to cardiac performance in addition to its vasodilatory effect. These findings provide useful information when considering the prescription of nicorandil in patients.
Depressive Symptoms among Plastic Surgery Residents
Authors: Andejani Doaa F. , Al-Issa Sami I. , Al-Qattan Mohammad M. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
A literature review did not reveal any study investigating the prevalence of depression among plastic surgery residents.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional mail survey and included all Saudi Plastic Surgery residents in our local program in Saudi Arabia. The Beck Depression Inventory II was used.

Results:
The inventory showed that mild, moderate, and severe depressive symptoms were prevalent in 20.6%, 38.2%, and 11.8%, respectively. Junior residents were more prone to depression.

Conclusions:
The high prevalence rate of depression among plastic surgery residents is alarming, and further studies are warranted. The problem has received no attention in the plastic surgery literature.
Long-Term Patency of Twisted Vascular Pedicles in Perforator-Based Propeller Flaps
Authors: Jakubietz Rafael G. , Nickel Aljoscha , Neshkova Iva , Schmidt Karsten , Gilbert Fabian , Meffert Rainer H. , Jakubietz Michael G. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Propeller flaps require torsion of the vascular pedicle of up to 180 degrees. Contrary to free flaps, where the relevance of an intact vascular pedicle has been documented, little is known regarding twisted pedicles of propeller flaps. As secondary surgeries requiring undermining of the flap are common in the extremities, knowledge regarding the necessity to protect the pedicle is relevant. The aim of this study was a long-term evaluation of the patency of vascular pedicle of propeller flaps.

Methods:
In a retrospective clinical study, 22 patients who underwent soft-tissue reconstruction with a propeller flap were evaluated after 43 months. A Doppler probe was used to locate and evaluate the patency of the vascular pedicle of the flap.

Results:
The flaps were used in the lower extremity in 19 cases, on the trunk in 3 cases. All flaps had healed. In all patients, an intact vascular pedicle could be found. Flap size, source vessel, or infection could therefore not be linked to an increased risk of pedicle loss.

Conclusions:
The vascular pedicle of propeller flaps remains patent in the long term. This allows reelevation and undermining of the flap. We therefore recommend protecting the pedicle in all secondary cases to prevent later flap loss.