bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auxin Fuels the Cell Cycle Engine during Lateral Root Initiation
Authors: Vanneste Steffen , Inzé Dirk , Beeckman Tom 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Cell Cycle Regulation during Lateral Root Development

Stemness of the Xylem‐Pole‐Associated Pericycle

Auxin Signalling during Lateral Root Initiation

Post‐Transcriptional Feedback Mechanisms on Auxin Signalling

Polar Auxin Transport Defines Lateral Root Boundaries

Cytokinins Inhibit Lateral Root Development

Brassinosteroids Regulate Auxin Transport

Light Alters Auxin Sensitivity

Conclusions and Perspectives
Controlled and Reversible Stepwise Growth of Linear Copper(I) Chains Enabled by Dynamic Ligand Scaffolds
Authors: Rivada‐Wheelaghan Orestes , Aristizábal Sandra L. , López‐Serrano Joaquín , Fayzullin Robert R. , Khusnutdinova Julia R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractReversible stepwise chain growth in linear CuI assemblies can be achieved by using the dynamic, unsymmetric naphthyridinone‐based ligand scaffolds L1 and L2. With the same ligand scaffolds, the length of the linear copper chain can be varied from two to three and four copper atoms, and the nuclearity of the complex is easily controlled by the stepwise addition of a CuI precursor to gradually increase the chain length, or by the reductive removal of Cu atoms to decrease the chain length. This represents a rare example of a stepwise controlled chain growth in extended metal atom chains (EMACs). All complexes are formed with excellent selectivity, and the mutual transformations of the complexes of different nuclearity were found to be fast and reversible. These unusual rearrangements of metal chains of different nuclearities were achieved by a stepwise “sliding” movement of the naphthyridinone bridging fragment along the metal chain.
Expression of tabersonine 16‐hydroxylase and 16‐hydroxytabersonine‐O‐methyltransferase in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots
Authors: Sun Jiayi , Zhao Le , Shao Zengyi , Shanks Jacqueline , Peebles Christie A.M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe monoterpene indole alkaloids vindoline and catharanthine, which are exclusively synthesized in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus, are the two important precursors for the production of pharmaceutically important anti‐cancer medicines vinblastine and vincristine. Hairy root culture is an ideal platform for alkaloids production due to its industrial scalability, genetic and chemical stability, and availability of genetic engineering tools. However, C. roseus hairy roots do not produce vindoline due to the lack of expression of the seven‐step pathway from tabersonine to vindoline [Murata & De Luca (2015) Plant Journal, 44, 581–594]. The present study describes the genetic engineering of the first two genes tabersonine 16‐hydroxylase (T16H) and 16‐O‐methyl transferase (16OMT) in the missing vindoline pathway under the control of a glucocorticoid‐inducible promoter to direct tabersonine toward vindoline biosynthesis in C. roseus hairy roots. In two transgenic hairy roots, the induced overexpression of T16H and 16OMT resulted in the accumulation of vindoline pathway metabolites 16‐hydroxytabersonine and 16‐methoxytabersonine. The levels of root‐specific alkaloids, including lochnericine, 19‐hydroxytabersonine and hörhammericine, significantly decreased in the induced hairy roots in comparison to the uninduced control lines. This suggests tabersonine was successfully channeled to the vindoline pathway away from the roots competing pathway based on the overexpression. Interestingly, another two new metabolites were detected in the induced hairy roots and proposed to be the epoxidized‐16‐hydroxytabersonine and lochnerinine. Thus, the introduction of vindoline pathway genes in hairy roots can cause unexpected terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIA) profile alterations. Furthermore, we observed complex transcriptional changes in TIA genes and regulators detected by RT‐qPCR which highlight the tight regulation of the TIA pathway in response to T16H and 16OMT engineering in C. roseus hairy roots.
Savings from reducing low-value general surgical interventions
Authors: Malik H T , Marti J , Darzi A , Mossialos E 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Finding opportunities for improving efficiency is important, given the pressure on national health budgets. Identifying and reducing low-value interventions that deliver little benefit is key. A systematic literature evaluation was done to identify low-value interventions in general surgery, with further assessment of their cost.

Methods
A multiplatform method of identifying low value interventions was undertaken, including a broad literature search, a targeted database search, and opportunistic sampling. The results were then stratified by impact, assessing both frequency and cost.

Results
Seventy-one low-value general surgical procedures were identified, of which five were of high frequency and high cost (highest impact), 22 were of high cost and low frequency, 23 were of low cost and high frequency, and 21 were of low cost and low frequency (lowest impact). Highest impact interventions included inguinal hernia repair in minimally symptomatic patients, inappropriate gastroscopy, interval cholecystectomy, CT to diagnose appendicitis and routine endoscopy in those who had CT-confirmed diverticulitis. Their estimated cost was €153 383 953.

Conclusion
Low-value services place a burden on health budgets. Stopping only five high-volume, high-cost general surgical procedures could save the National Health Service €153 million per annum.
Pseudoprogression as an adverse event of glioblastoma therapy
Authors: Balaña Carmen , Capellades Jaume , Pineda Estela , Estival Anna , Puig Josep , Domenech Sira , Verger Eugenia , Pujol Teresa , Martinez‐García Maria , Oleaga Laura , Velarde JoseMaria , Mesia Carlos , Fuentes Rafael , Marruecos Jordi , Del Barco Sonia , Villà Salvador , Carrato Cristina , Gallego Oscar , Gil‐Gil Miguel , Craven‐Bartle Jordi , Alameda Francesc ,   on behalf of the GLIOCAT Group
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe explored predictive factors of pseudoprogression (PsP) and its impact on prognosis in a retrospective series of uniformly treated glioblastoma patients. Patients were classified as having PsP, early progression (eP) or neither (nP). We examined potential associations with clinical, molecular, and basal imaging characteristics and compared overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), post‐progression survival (PPS) as well as the relationship between PFS and PPS in the three groups. Of the 256 patients studied, 56 (21.9%) were classified as PsP, 70 (27.3%) as eP, and 130 (50.8%) as nP. Only MGMT methylation status was associated to PsP. MGMT methylated patients had a 3.5‐fold greater possibility of having PsP than eP (OR: 3.48; 95% CI: 1.606–7.564; P = 0.002). OS was longer for PsP than eP patients (18.9 vs. 12.3 months; P = 0.0001) but was similar for PsP and nP patients (P = 0.91). OS was shorter–though not significantly so—for PsP than nP patients (OS: 19.5 vs. 27.9 months; P = 0.63) in methylated patients. PPS was similar for patients having PsP, eP or nP (PPS: 7.2 vs. 5.4 vs. 6.7; P = 0.43). Neurological deterioration occurred in 64.3% of cases at the time they were classified as PsP and in 72.8% of cases of eP (P = 0.14). PsP confounds the evaluation of disease and does not confer a survival advantage in glioblastoma.
Resveratrol Interferes with an Early Step in the Fibrillization Pathway of Human Lysozyme and Modulates it towards Less‐Toxic, Off‐Pathway Aggregates
Authors: Kamal Zaidi Fatima , Bhat Rajiv 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe effect of resveratrol, a polyphenol in red wine, on the amyloid fibril formation of human lysozyme (HuL) was investigated, towards elucidating the mechanism of resveratrol action and probing its role as a possible modulator of lysozyme aggregation and toxicity. By using a number of biophysical tools, resveratrol was observed to alter the fibrillization kinetics of HuL and inhibit its fibrillization by binding with weak to moderate affinity to the conformations populated at the early stages of the pathway with concomitant stabilization of these initial conformations. The marginal decrease in the lifetime of HuL in the presence of resveratrol by time‐resolved fluorescence measurements indicated the involvement of a static quenching mechanism in the interaction between HuL and resveratrol. Docking studies predicted the binding of resveratrol to aggregation‐prone regions in HuL, and structure and activity analyses demonstrated the retention of much of the α‐helical structure and activity of HuL in the presence of resveratrol. Resveratrol modulated the fibrillization pathway towards less‐hydrophobic, less‐toxic, off‐pathway aggregates. These results demonstrate that binding of resveratrol to HuL could protect against the formation of pathogenic, cytotoxic aggregates formed in amyloidogenic disorders, such as systemic amyloidosis; thus suggesting its potential as a plausible therapeutic agent against lysozyme amyloidosis.
PROS1 novel splice‐site variant decreases protein S expression in patients from two families with thrombotic disease
Authors: Menezes Juliane , Ventura Célia , Costa João Matos , Parreira Elsa , Romão Luísa , Gonçalves João 
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical MessageOur results prove that c.1871‐14T>G is causative of type I PS deficiency, highlighting the importance of performing mRNA‐based studies in order to evaluate variants pathogenicity. We evidence the increased risk of venous thromboembolism associated with this cryptic splice‐site variant if present in patients with PS deficiency.
Polymer Amplified Enantioselectivity in the Fluorescent Recognition of Prolinol
Authors: Wang Yachen , Hu Lingling , Zhao Feng , Yu Shanshan , Tian Jun , Shi Dan , Wang Xinjing , Yu Xiaoqi , Pu Lin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol (BINOL)‐aldehyde‐based polymer has been synthesized that exhibits enantioselective fluorescent enhancement toward prolinol. It is found that the polymer shows greatly amplified enantioselectivity over the parent small‐molecule sensor under the same conditions. This is attributed to the photoinduced electron transfer processes between the BINOL units in the polymer chain as well as the different steric environment provided by the polymer.
Tuning the Electronic Properties of Prussian Blue Analogues for Efficient Water Oxidation Electrocatalysis: Experimental and Computational Studies
Authors: Alsaç Elif Pınar , Ülker Emine , Nune Satya Vijaya Kumar , Dede Yavuz , Karadas Ferdi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough several Prussian Blue analogues (PBAs) have been investigated as water oxidation catalysts, the field lacks a comprehensive study that focuses on the design of the ideal PBA for this purpose. Here, members of a series of PBAs with different cyanide precursors have been investigated to study the effect of hexacyanometal groups on their electrocatalytic water oxidation activities. Cyclic voltammetric, chronoamperometric, and chronopotentiometric measurements have revealed a close relationship between the electron density of electroactive cobalt sites and electrocatalytic activity, which has also been confirmed by infrared and XPS studies. Furthermore, pH‐dependent cyclic voltammetry and computational studies have been performed to gain insight into the catalytic mechanism and electronic structure of cyanide‐based systems to identify possible intermediates and to assign the rate‐determining step of the target process.
Facet‐Specific Ligand Interactions on Ternary AgSbS2 Colloidal Quantum Dots.
Authors: Choi Hyekyoung , Kim Sungwoo , Luther Joseph M. , Kim Sang‐Wook , Shin Dongwoon , Beard Matthew C. , Jeong Sohee 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Matthew C. Beard at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.A) and Sohee Jeong at KIMM and UST, Daejeon (Republic of Korea). The image depicts solar light shining onto a quantum dot. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201703681.
Stereochemical analysis of β‐keto sulfoxides by circular dichroism
Authors: Górecki Marcin , Capozzi Maria Annunziata M. , Albano Gianluigi , Cardellicchio Cosimo , Di Bari Lorenzo , Pescitelli Gennaro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThree β‐keto sulfoxides (1–3) were synthesized in enantiopure form and investigated by means of circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, both in electronic and vibrational range (ECD, VCD), in combination with quantum chemical calculations. For compound 2, the X‐ray structure was available; thus, the ECD in the solid state was also considered to reveal the differences between the molecular species in both states.Despite the simplicity of all β‐keto sulfoxides under investigation (29 atoms), reproducing even the major spectral VCD features failed for two compounds, making the use of VCD not ideal to assign their absolute configuration in a reliable way. We demonstrated, however, that the use of ECD spectroscopy, both in solution and solid state, can easily, unambiguously, and without any complication simulate all bands by applying the standard protocol for calculations. This study may stimulate the debate on the need of the use of two chiroptical methods simultaneously in the determination of absolute configurations.
Largazole Analogues as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors and Anticancer Agents: An Overview of Structure–Activity Relationships
Authors: Poli Giulio , Di Fabio Romano , Ferrante Luca , Summa Vincenzo , Botta Maurizio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSince the time of its identification, the natural compound largazole rapidly caught the attention of the medicinal chemistry community for its impressive potency as an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and its strong antiproliferative activity against a broad panel of cancer cell lines. The design of largazole analogues is an expanding field of study, due to their remarkable potential as novel anticancer therapeutics. At present, a large ensemble of largazole analogues has been reported, allowing the identification of important structure–activity relationships (SAR) that can guide the design of novel compounds with improved HDAC inhibitory profiles, anticancer activity, and pharmacokinetic properties. The aim of this review is to concisely summarize the information obtained by biological evaluations of the various largazole analogues reported to date, with particular attention given to the latest analogues, as well as to analyze the various SAR obtained from this data, with the purpose of providing useful guidelines for the development of novel potent and selective HDAC inhibitors to be used as anticancer agents.
Fast mutual exclusion by the Triangle algorithm
Authors: Hesselink Wim H. , Buhr Peter A. , Dice David 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a new starvation‐free software algorithm for the N‐thread mutual‐exclusion problem. In the absence of contention, the algorithm requires only eight write and four read operations to enter and leave the critical section; to the best of our knowledge, this is optimal. For algorithms with starvation, five write and two read read operations are optimal. In the presence of contention, the algorithm has excellent performance comparable to the best‐known software solutions using only atomic load and store and to a hardware‐assisted lock (MCS) using stronger atomic primitives and used within the Linux kernel. It is rare for software‐only algorithms for mutual exclusion to perform well for both minimal and maximal contention workloads, making the new algorithm largely self‐tuning when exposed to swings in access patterns.
Stable Ta2O5 Overlayers on Hematite for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Efficiencies
Authors: Forster Mark , Potter Richard J. , Yang Yi , Li Yat , Cowan Alexander J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHematite (α‐Fe2O3) is one of the most promising photoanodes for water oxidation, however the efficiencies of current hematite materials remain low. Surface trap states are often reported as one of the factors which limit the activity of hematite photoelectrodes, often leading to undesirable surface pinning and trap‐mediated recombination. The deposition of ultra‐thin Al2O3 overlayers is known to enhance hematite activity through passivation of surface states, however Al2O3 is rapidly degraded at normal hematite operating pH values (pH≈13). This study reports atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Ta2O5 thin films as stable, passivating overlayers on a range of hematite photoelectrodes and demonstrates that enhanced activity correlates with observed changes in trap‐state dynamics.
Measuring β‐Galactosidase Activity in Gram‐Positive Bacteria Using a Whole‐Cell Assay with MUG as a Fluorescent Reporter
Authors: Chiu Norman H. L. , Watson Amanda L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe use of β‐galactosidase enzyme as a biomarker has the potential to determine activity levels of the microbiome of a variety of organisms due to its common presence in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Completing the assay in a whole‐cell format facilitates the monitoring of β‐galactosidase activity in its actual cellular environment. This unit describes an optimized fluorescent assay for β‐galactosidase that has enough sensitivity to detect the enzymatic activity despite the thick gram‐positive bacterial cellular membrane. The use of a smaller fluorometric substrate, namely 4‐methylumbelliferyl β‐D‐galactopyranoside (MUG), has facilitated its penetration into the cells as well as its direct detection without any extra steps. This assay provides an improved technique for measuring a well‐studied reporter enzyme and offers new avenues for using β‐galactosidase as a biomarker. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hydrogen‐assisted Carbon Dioxide Thermochemical Reduction on La0.9Ca0.1FeO3−δ Membranes: A Kinetics Study
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Yu , Ghoniem Ahmed F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractKinetics data for CO2 thermochemical reduction in an isothermal membrane reactor is required to identify the rate‐limiting steps. A detailed reaction kinetics study on this process supported by an La0.9Ca0.1FeO3‐δ (LCF‐91) membrane is thus reported. The dependence of CO2 reduction rate on various operating conditions is examined, such as CO2 concentration on the feed side, fuel concentrations on the sweep side, and temperatures. The CO2 reduction rate is proportional to the oxygen flux across the membrane, and the measured maximum fluxes are 0.191 and 0.164 μmol cm−2 s−1 with 9.5 mol% H2 and 11.6 mol% CO on the sweep side at 990 °C, respectively. Fuel is used to maintain the chemical potential gradient across the membrane and CO is used to derive the surface reaction kinetics. This membrane also exhibits stable performances for 106 h. A resistance‐network model is developed to describe the oxygen transport process and the kinetics data are parameterized using the experimental values. The model shows a transition of the rate limiting step between the surface reactions on the feed side and the sweep side depending on the operating conditions.
High Lithium Insertion Voltage Single‐Crystal H2Ti12O25 Nanorods as a High‐Capacity and High‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode Material
Authors: Guo Qiang , Chen Li , Shan Zizhao , Lee Wee Siang Vincent , Xiao Wen , Liu Zhifang , Liang Jingjing , Yang Gaoli , Xue Junmin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractH2Ti12O25 holds great promise as a high‐voltage anode material for advanced lithium‐ion battery applications. To enhance its electrochemical performance, control of the crystal orientation and morphology is an effective way to cope with slow Li+‐ion diffusion inside H2Ti12O25 with severe anisotropy. In this report, Na2Ti6O13 nanorods, prepared from Na2CO3 and anatase TiO2 in molten NaCl medium, were used as a precursor in the synthesis of long single‐crystal H2Ti12O25 nanorods with reactive facets. The as‐prepared H2Ti12O25 nanorods with a diameter of 100–200 nm showed higher charge (extraction) specific capacity and better rate performance than previously reported systems. The reversible capacity of H2Ti12O25 was 219.8 mAh g−1 at 1C after 100 cycles, 172.1 mAh g−1 at 10C, and 144.4 mAh g−1 at 20C after 200 cycles; these values are higher than those of H2Ti12O25 prepared by the conventional soft‐chemical method. Moreover, the as‐prepared H2Ti12O25 nanorods exhibited superior cycle stability with more than 94 % retention of capacity with nearly 100 % coulombic efficiency after 100 cycles at 1C. On the basis of the above results, long single‐crystal H2Ti12O25 nanorods synthesized in molten NaCl with outstanding electrochemical characteristics hold a significant amount of promise for hybrid electric vehicles and energy‐storage systems.
To the end of the line: Axonal mRNA transport and local translation in health and neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Costa Christopher J. , Willis Dianna E. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTAxons and growth cones, by their very nature far removed from the cell body, encounter unique environments and require distinct populations of proteins. It seems only natural, then, that they have developed mechanisms to locally synthesize a host of proteins required to perform their specialized functions. Acceptance of this ability has taken decades; however, there is now consensus that axons do indeed have the capacity for local translation, and that this capacity is even retained into adulthood. Accumulating evidence supports the role of locally synthesized proteins in the proper development, maintenance, and function of neurons, and newly emerging studies also suggest that disruption in this process has implications in a number of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we briefly review the long history of axonal mRNA localization and local translation, and the role that these locally synthesized proteins play in normal neuronal function. Additionally, we highlight the emerging evidence that dysregulation in these processes contributes to a wide range of pathophysiology, including neuropsychiatric disorders, Alzheimer's, and motor neuron diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop. Neurobiol 78: 209–220, 2018
Scavenger removal of bird carcasses at simulated wind turbines: Does carcass type matter?
Authors: DeVault Travis L. , Seamans Thomas W. , Linnell Kimberly E. , Sparks Dale W. , Beasley James C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWind energy development can negatively impact bird populations due to bird–turbine collisions. To accurately estimate bird mortality at wind farms, the number of dead birds found under turbines is commonly corrected for carcass removal by scavengers, which is quantified by measuring persistence of experimental carcasses through time. These studies often use domestic birds as surrogates because carcasses of wild birds (e.g., raptors) are difficult to obtain. We assessed scavenger removal of carcasses from five bird species at simulated turbines to determine whether domestic surrogates are scavenged at a different rate than raptors, species of interest for wind turbine mortality. The percentage of carcasses scavenged during 14‐d rounds ranged from 34.6% for American kestrels (Falco sparverius) to 65.4% for chickens (Gallus gallus), and the percentage of carcasses completely removed ranged from 13.5% for red‐tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) to 67.3% for northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus). Carcass type (i.e., species) was the only predictor included in the best‐fit logistic regression model of complete carcass removal, and a survival analysis indicated carcass type influenced elapsed time to scavenging events. Our results suggest the use of surrogate species to quantify carcass removal at wind turbines could lead to inaccurate mortality estimates.