bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TEA: A CODE CALCULATING THERMOCHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM ABUNDANCES
Authors: Blecic Jasmina , Harrington Joseph , Bowman M. Oliver 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We present an open-source Thermochemical Equilibrium Abundances (TEA) code that calculates the abundances of gaseous molecular species. The code is based on the methodology of White et al. and Eriksson. It applies Gibbs free-energy minimization using an iterative, Lagrangian optimization scheme. Given elemental abundances, TEA calculates molecular abundances for a particular temperature and pressure or a list of temperature–pressure pairs. We tested the code against the method of Burrows & Sharp, the free thermochemical equilibrium code Chemical Equilibrium with Applications (CEA), and the example given by Burrows & Sharp. Using their thermodynamic data, TEA reproduces their final abundances, but with higher precision. We also applied the TEA abundance calculations to models of several hot-Jupiter exoplanets, producing expected results. TEA is written in Python in a modular format. There is a start guide, a user manual, and a code document in addition to this theory paper. TEA is available under a reproducible-research, open-source license via https://github.com/dzesmin/TEA.
THE DEMOGRAPHICS OF GALACTIC BULGES IN THE SDSS DATABASE
Authors: Kim Keunho , Oh Sree , Jeong Hyunjin , Aragón-Salamanca Alfonso , Smith Rory , Yi Sukyoung K. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a new database of our two-dimensional bulge–disk decompositions for 14,233 galaxies drawn from Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR12 in order to examine the properties of bulges residing in the local universe (0.005 < z < 0.05). We performed decompositions in the g and r bands by utilizing the galfit software. The bulge colors and bulge-to-total ratios are found to be sensitive to the details in the decomposition technique, and hence we hereby provide full details of our method. The g − r colors of bulges derived are almost constantly red regardless of bulge size, except for the bulges in the low bulge-to-total ratio galaxies (B/T
r ≲ 0.3). Bulges exhibit similar scaling relations to those followed by elliptical galaxies, but the bulges in galaxies with lower bulge-to-total ratios clearly show a gradually larger departure in slope from the elliptical galaxy sequence. The scatters around the scaling relations are also larger for the bulges in galaxies with lower bulge-to-total ratios. Both the departure in slopes and larger scatters likely originate from the presence of young stars. The bulges in galaxies with low bulge-to-total ratios show signs of a frosting of young stars so substantial that their luminosity-weighted Balmer-line ages are as small as 1 Gyr in some cases. While bulges seem largely similar in optical properties to elliptical galaxies, they do show clear and systematic departures as a function of bulge-to-total ratio. The stellar properties and perhaps associated formation processes of bulges seem much more diverse than those of elliptical galaxies.
Enseigner la grammaire du genre : à propos du traitement idéologique de la langue dans les manuels scolaires de CE1
Authors: Chevalier Yannick 
Published: July 2016

L'auteur examine plus précisément comment les grammaires scolaires abordent la question du genre grammatical. Constatant son traitement remarquablement uniforme, quels que soient les manuels étudiés : succession canonique des leçons concernant le nom puis l'adjectif, présentation du genre féminin des noms comme le résultat d'une dérivation endocentrique où sur la base nominale au masculin vient s'adjoindre un morphème - e marquant le féminin ou absence de la règle du masculin. Mais aussi dans les leçons sur « l'accord du sujet et du verbe », ou la localisation de la règle du masculin qui l'emporte sur le féminin dans les seuls exemples. Une telle manière de présenter le genre grammatical est singulièrement idéologique et loin d'être sans défaut d'un point de vue linguistique : i) seul le féminin semble être un genre grammatical (le masculin, qui, d'un point de vue systémique, est pourtant son pendant, n'apparait presque jamais) ; ii) présenter le féminin comme un dérivé du masculin relève davantage de la fable adamique que de l'analyse rigoureuse des faits de langue ; iii) le renoncement à expliciter une règle syntaxique d'accord manifeste sans doute une gêne quant aux manières héritées d'expliquer le phénomène. Pourtant, d'autres façons d'aborder le genre grammatical sont possibles, et mieux à même de satisfaire les attendus didactiques et les exigences pédagogiques des enseignant-e-s, afin que les élèves acquièrent une bonne connaissance de la langue française, et élaborent d'autres imaginaires égalitaires réglant les rapports sociaux de sexe.
Danse et lieux de la Nation en Inde. La campagne anti-nauch , vers l'invention d'une tradition
Authors: Louiset Odette 
Published: July 2016

Ce texte retrace un épisode de la construction nationale de l'Inde dont l'enjeu fut la définition des contours d'une identité à la fois « moderne et authentique ». Dès la fin du xix e siècle, la campagne anti-nautch a dénoncé la danse rituelle des temples et la consécration des petites filles. Cette campagne qui a mobilisé des forces politiques et des acteurs sociaux très divers « en situation coloniale », aboutit au bannissement des danseuses de temple. Leur disparition s'est accompagnée, toutefois, d'un revival de la danse, une « invention de la tradition ». Le Bharatanatyam est alors constitué comme version authentique, conforme à l'interprétation des textes védiques mais également structurée sur le modèle des académies de danse européennes. Après l'éviction des devadasis , les femmes brahmanes ont assuré le passage à une danse classique, marqueur culturel fort de la Nation en de nouveaux lieux.
Imaginaires post-travail
Authors: Srnicek Nick , Williams Alex , Degoutin Christophe 
Published: July 2016

La gauche devrait se mobiliser autour d’un consensus sur le post-travail. Cela lui permettrait de viser non seulement des gains appréciables – tels que la réduction de la corvée et de la pauvreté – mais aussi la construction, chemin faisant, d’une puissance politique. Cela implique au moins trois revendications : l’automation aussi complète que possible, une réduction du temps de travail sans réduction des salaires et l’instauration d’un revenu de base universel.
Tests osseux pour les mineurs étrangers isolés
Authors: Lamarche-Vadel Gaëtane 
Published: July 2016

Les tests osseux infligés aux jeunes étrangers isolés pour déterminer leur minorité ou leur majorité représentent un enjeu de taille : être pris en charge par l’aide sociale à l’enfance ou être à la rue. De recommandation, faisant l’objet d’une circulaire, cette notification du test est devenue une loi en novembre 2015 sur la demande du gouvernement contre les autorités et experts de la santé, des droits humanitaires et de l’enfant, et des avis européens consultés. Comment est-ce possible ? Comment le gouvernement et l’assemblée qui l’a votée ont-ils pu prendre une telle mesure ?
Pourquoi se sentir si mal à l’aise dans un « monde écolo » si idyllique ?
Authors: Bonechi Olivia 
Published: July 2016

ce nouveau texte d’Olivia Bonechi s’inscrit dans la lignée de ces récits frontaliers entre sociologie et littérature qui s’efforcent de décrire et de comprendre « socio-logiquement » des expériences vécues plus ou moins (extra)ordinaires de la vie ordinaire de gens ordinaires. Dans le cas présent, l’auteure tente d’expliciter et d’explorer le malaise d’une intellectuelle de première génération dans « un monde écolo » qui peut apparaître de prime abord comme une utopie écologique et sociale réalisée. Il s’avère pourtant que la proximité spatiale n’abolit pas plus aujourd’hui qu’hier, ni ailleurs qu’ici, les distances sociales.
L’étonnement
Authors: Thievenaz Joris 
Published: July 2016

Résumé	S’il est des notions classiques et même représentatives de la démarche philosophique, nul doute que l’“étonnement” en fait partie. Depuis l’Antiquité, cette notion désigne le mouvement de prise de recul et de remise en question du monde qui nous entoure, à travers lequel s’initient la quête de connaissance et la production de nouveaux savoirs. L’étonnement occupe donc à ce titre une place tout à fait centrale et privilégiée dans la philosophe classique. Mais cette démarche peut également, et selon une perspective pragmatiste proposée par John Dewey, être étudiée en tant que processus situé, jouant une fonction concrète et observable dans l’acquisition de nouvelles connaissances par les sujets à l’occasion de leurs activités ordinaires. Selon cette approche théorique, l’étonnement ne constitue plus seulement une lointaine référence métaphysique et universelle désignant l’origine de la pensée mais aussi un processus effectif à travers lequel tout individu enrichit son expérience tout au long de sa vie.
Theological imagination as hermeneutical device: Exploring the hermeneutical contribution of an imaginal engagement with the text
Authors: Viljoen Anneke 
Published: July 2016

In the past, biblical scholarship has neglected the hermeneutical contribution that an imaginal engagement with the text may make. The author’s aim in this article was to develop theological imagination as a hermeneutical device. This was done by briefly considering the concurrence in the hermeneutic contributions of three interpreters of biblical texts, with specific regard to their understanding of biblical imagination. These were Walter Brueggemann, Paul Ricoeur and Ignatius of Loyola. Their hermeneutical contributions concur in their understanding of a biblically informed imagination, and it is specifically this aspect of the concurrence of their thought that was explored. An illustration from Proverbs 14:27, which draws on the metaphor and biblical motif of the fountain or source of life, was put forward to demonstrate how the concurrence in the contributions of these biblical interpreters may influence an imaginal engagement with the text.Keywords: Old Testament; Proverbs; Hermeneutics; The fear of the Lord/Yahweh; Walter Brueggemann; Paul Ricoeur; Ignatius of Loyola; Imaginal engagement
Anxiety, depression and psychological well-being in a cohort of South African adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ramkisson Samantha , Pillay Basil J. , Sartorius Benn 
Published: July 2016

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased at alarming rates globally. South Africa has the second highest number of people in Africa living with DM, with prevalence rates being among the top five countries in Africa. Accordingly, psychological issues associated with DM have been a growing focus of attention. Studies have found that patients with DM have elevated levels of anxiety and depression, and decreased levels of well-being. In South Africa, there is a paucity of studies on the psychological issues associated with DM.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> The aim of this paper was to explore the prevalence and association of anxiety, depressive features and psychological well-being in patients with Type 2 DM.</p><p><strong> Method:</strong> In a cross-sectional survey, patients with Type 2 DM were recruited from public and private facilities. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and WHO-5 Well-being Index (WHO-5) were administered.</p><p><strong> Results:</strong> Four hundred and one participants completed the questionnaires. On the WHO-5, 277 (69%) reported good well-being, while 124 (31%) indicated poor well-being and were considered at risk for depressive features. On the HADS, 186 (46%) had mild-to-severe depressive features and 128 (32%) had mild-to-severe anxiety. There was a strong negative correlation between the WHO-5, HADS and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) scales, which indicated that an increase in anxiety and depressive features decreased psychological well-being.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Health-care providers should identify and treat anxiety and depression as a standard part of diabetes care. Patients should also be referred to the appropriate mental health professional as part of the management of diabetes.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>type 2 diabetes; anxiety;depression;psychological well-being; adults</p>
Error Analysis and Adaptive Methods of Least Squares Nonconforming Finite Element for the Transport Equations
Authors: Liu Huipo , Wang Shuanghu , Han Hongbin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a least squares nonconforming finite element of low order for solving the transport equations. We give a detailed overview on the stability and the convergence properties of our considered methods in the stability norm. Moreover, we derive residual type a posteriori error estimates for the least squares nonconforming finite element methods underH–1-norm, which can be used as the error indicators to guide the mesh refinement procedure in the adaptive finite element method. The theoretical results are supported by a series of numerical experiments.
Coefficient Jump-Independent Approximation of the Conforming and Nonconforming Finite Element Solutions
Authors: Zhang Shangyou 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA counterexample is constructed. It confirms that the error of conforming finite element solution is proportional to the coefficient jump, when solving interface elliptic equations. The Scott-Zhang operator is applied to a nonconforming finite element. It is shown that the nonconforming finite element provides the optimal order approximation in interpolation, in L2-projection, and in solving elliptic differential equation, independent of the coefficient jump in the elliptic differential equation. Numerical tests confirm the theoretical finding.
Comparative Sensitivity Assessment of Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Digital Radiography for detecting Foreign Bodies
Authors: Shokri Abbas , Lari Sima Sadat , Hosseinipanah Seyyed Mohammad , Rostami Shahin , Sabounchi Shabnam Seyedzadeh 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
Foreign body detection and determining whether it is adjacent to critical organs has a significant role in its removal. Various imaging techniques have been used to locate foreign bodies. This study aimed to compare cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital radiography for detecting foreign bodies in an in vitro model.

Materials and methods
Foreign bodies composed of normal glass, barium glass, wood, and stone with two sizes were placed into three different locations of two sheep heads. Digital radiography [lateral cephalometric, submentovertex (SMV)] and CBCT were compared to investigate their sensitivity for detecting foreign bodies.

Results
Diagnostic sensitivity of digital radiography in lateral cephalometric view, SMV view, and CBCT for detecting all types of foreign bodies was 67.2, 32.3, and 76.6% respectively. None of these techniques were successful in detecting wood satisfactory. Stone was detected relatively higher than other foreign bodies (82.6%). Diagnostic sensitivity of CBCT in detecting foreign bodies was 100%, except for wood. Accuracy of imaging techniques in detecting foreign bodies according to locations in descending order was lip, mandibular angle, and maxillary sinus.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that appropriate amount of radiopacity is enough for CBCT to exactly detect foreign body, regardless of its location or size.

Clinical significance
In maxillofacial traumatic patients, CBCT seems to be a better and cost-effective technique for detecting hidden foreign bodies than other routine techniques.

How to cite this article
Lari SS, Shokri A, Hosseinipanah SM, Rostami S, Sabounchi SS. Comparative Sensitivity Assessment of Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Digital Radiography for Detecting Foreign Bodies. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(3):224-229.
Eddy covariance measurements of the net turbulent methane flux in the city
centre – results of 2-year campaign in Łódź, Poland
Authors: Pawlak Włodzimierz , Fortuniak Krzysztof 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. To investigate temporal variability of methane (CH4) fluxes in an urban environment, air–surface exchange fluxes of CH4 were continuously measured using eddy covariance techniques at a city-centre site in Łódź, Poland, from July 2013 to August 2015. In the immediate vicinity of the measurement site, potential methane sources include vehicle traffic, dense sewerage infrastructure and natural gas networks. Sensible and latent heat fluxes have also been measured since 2000 and carbon dioxide fluxes since 2007 at this site. Upward CH4 fluxes dominated during the measurement period, indicating that the city centre is a net source of CH4 to the troposphere. The highest monthly fluxes were observed in winter (2.0 to 2.7 g m−2 month−1) and the lowest in summer (0.8 to 1.0 g m−2 month−1). Fluxes on working days were around 6 % higher than on weekends. The cumulative flux indicates that the city centre emitted a net quantity of nearly 18 g m−2 of CH4 in 2014. Stable values of the FCO2∕ FCH4 ratio in months (minimum 2.41 × 10−3, maximum 5.3 × 10−3) and the lack of a clear annual course suggest comparable magnitude of both fluxes.
Operation of the Airmodus A11 nano Condensation Nucleus Counter at various
inlet pressures and various operation temperatures, and design of a new inlet
system
Authors: Kangasluoma Juha , Franchin Alessandro , Duplissy Jonahtan , Ahonen Lauri , Korhonen Frans , Attoui Michel , Mikkilä Jyri , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Vanhanen Joonas , Kulmala Markku , Petäjä Tuukka 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Measuring sub-3 nm particles outside of controlled laboratory conditions is a challenging task, as many of the instruments are operated at their limits and are subject to changing ambient conditions. In this study, we advance the current understanding of the operation of the Airmodus A11 nano Condensation Nucleus Counter (nCNC), which consists of an A10 Particle Size Magnifier (PSM) and an A20 Condensation Particle Counter (CPC). The effect of the inlet line pressure on the measured particle concentration was measured, and two separate regions inside the A10, where supersaturation of working fluid can take place, were identified. The possibility of varying the lower cut-off diameter of the nCNC was investigated; by scanning the growth tube temperature, the range of the lower cut-off was extended from 1–2.5 to 1–6 nm. Here we present a new inlet system, which allows automated measurement of the background concentration of homogeneously nucleated droplets, minimizes the diffusion losses in the sampling line and is equipped with an electrostatic filter to remove ions smaller than approximately 4.5 nm. Finally, our view of the guidelines for the optimal use of the Airmodus nCNC is provided.
Solar energetic particle interactions with the Venusian atmosphere
Authors: Plainaki Christina , Paschalis Pavlos , Grassi Davide , Mavromichalaki Helen , Andriopoulou Maria 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. In the context of planetary space weather, we estimate the ion production rates in the Venusian atmosphere due to the interactions of solar energetic particles (SEPs) with gas. The assumed concept for our estimations is based on two cases of SEP events, previously observed in near-Earth space: the event in October 1989 and the event in May 2012. For both cases, we assume that the directional properties of the flux and the interplanetary magnetic field configuration would have allowed the SEPs' arrival at Venus and their penetration to the planet's atmosphere. For the event in May 2012, we consider the solar particle properties (integrated flux and rigidity spectrum) obtained by the Neutron Monitor Based Anisotropic GLE Pure Power Law (NMBANGLE PPOLA) model (Plainaki et al., 2010, 2014) applied previously for the Earth case and scaled to the distance of Venus from the Sun. For the simulation of the actual cascade in the Venusian atmosphere initiated by the incoming particle fluxes, we apply the DYASTIMA code, a Monte Carlo (MC) application based on the Geant4 software (Paschalis et al., 2014). Our predictions are afterwards compared to other estimations derived from previous studies and discussed. Finally, we discuss the differences between the nominal ionization profile due to galactic cosmic-ray–atmosphere interactions and the profile during periods of intense solar activity, and we show the importance of understanding space weather conditions on Venus in the context of future mission preparation and data interpretation.
Water level, vegetation composition, and plant productivity explain
greenhouse gas fluxes in temperate cutover fens after inundation
Authors: Minke Merten , Augustin Jürgen , Burlo Andrei , Yarmashuk Tatsiana , Chuvashova Hanna , Thiele Annett , Freibauer Annette , Tikhonov Vitalij , Hoffmann Mathias 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Peat extraction leaves a land surface with a strong relief of deep cutover areas and higher ridges. Rewetting inundates the deep parts, while less deeply extracted zones remain at or above the water level. In temperate fens the flooded areas are colonized by helophytes such as Eriophorum angustifolium, Carex spp., Typha latifolia or Phragmites australis dependent on water depth. Reeds of Typha and Phragmites are reported as large sources of methane, but data on net CO2 uptake are contradictory for Typha and rare for Phragmites. Here, we analyze the effect of vegetation, water level and nutrient conditions on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for representative vegetation types along water level gradients at two rewetted cutover fens (mesotrophic and eutrophic) in Belarus. Greenhouse gas emissions were measured campaign-wise with manual chambers every 2 to 4 weeks for 2 years and interpolated by modelling. All sites had negligible nitrous oxide exchange rates. Most sites were carbon sinks and small GHG sources. Methane emissions generally increased with net ecosystem CO2 uptake. Mesotrophic small sedge reeds with water table around the land surface were small GHG sources in the range of 2.3 to 4.2 t CO2 eq. ha−1 yr−1. Eutrophic tall sedge – Typha latifolia reeds on newly formed floating mats were substantial net GHG emitters in the range of 25.1 to 39.1 t CO2 eq. ha−1 yr. They represent transient vegetation stages. Phragmites reeds ranged between −1.7 to 4.2 t CO2 eq. ha−1 yr−1 with an overall mean GHG emission of 1.3 t CO2 eq. ha−1 yr−1. The annual CO2 balance was best explained by vegetation biomass, which includes the role of vegetation composition and species. Methane emissions were obviously driven by biological activity of vegetation and soil organisms. Shallow flooding of cutover temperate fens is a suitable measure to arrive at low GHG emissions. Phragmites australis establishment should be promoted in deeper flooded areas and will lead to moderate, but variable GHG emissions or even occasional sinks. The risk of large GHG emissions is higher for eutrophic than mesotrophic peatlands. Nevertheless, flooding of eutrophic temperate fens still represents a safe GHG mitigation option because even the hotspot of our study, the floating tall sedge – Typha latifolia reeds, did not exceed the typical range of GHG emissions from drained fen grasslands and the spatially dominant Phragmites australis reed emitted by far less GHG than drained fens.