bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Diproline Peptide into Dumbbells and Copper‐Ion‐Promoted Robust Discs
Authors: Singh Ramesh , Gupta Shradhey , Kumar Vikas , Joshi Khashti Ballabh 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study demonstrated that the dipeptide Pro‐Pro, a helix initiator rather than a helix breaker, self‐assembled into a well‐defined dumbbell‐shaped morphology in ethanol when deposited onto appropriate surfaces. The resulting structure was investigated by various microscopic techniques. Interestingly, the addition of copper ions triggered the dumbbell‐shaped structure to self‐assemble into robust three dimensional discs, which were further analyzed by using various microscopic and spectroscopic tools. These specific and unique self‐assemblies can be controlled by varying the physiological conditions, and therefore show potential applications in biotechnology and biomedical fields such as diagnostic agents and treatments of various ailments associated with copper metal.
Cloud computing in a distributed e‐infrastructure using the web processing service standard
Authors: Coro Gianpaolo , Panichi Giancarlo , Scarponi Paolo , Pagano Pasquale 
Published: July 2017

SummaryNew Science paradigms have recently evolved to promote open publication of scientific findings as well as multi‐disciplinary collaborative approaches to scientific experimentation. These approaches can face modern scientific challenges but must deal with large quantities of data produced by industrial and scientific experiments. These data, so‐called Big Data, require to introduce new computer science systems to help scientists cooperate, extract information, and possibly produce new knowledge out of the data. E‐infrastructures are distributed computer systems that foster collaboration between users and can embed distributed and parallel processing systems to manage big data. However, in order to meet modern Science requirements, e‐Infrastructures impose several requirements to computational systems in turn, eg, being economically sustainable, managing community‐provided processes, using standard representations for processes and data, managing big data size and heterogeneous representations, supporting reproducible Science, collaborative experimentation, and cooperative online environments, managing security and privacy for data and services. In this paper, we present a cloud computing system (gCube DataMiner) that meets these requirements and operates in an e‐Infrastructure, while sharing characteristics with state‐of‐the‐art cloud computing systems. To this aim, DataMiner uses the web processing service standard of the open geospatial consortium and introduces features like collaborative experimental spaces, automatic installation of processes and services on top of a flexible and sustainable cloud computing architecture. We compare DataMiner with another mature cloud computing system and highlight the benefits our system brings, the new paradigms requirements it satisfies, and the applications that can be developed based on this system.
Homologous Catalysts Based on Fe‐Doped CoP Nanoarrays for High‐Performance Full Water Splitting under Benign Conditions
Authors: Ma Min , Zhu Guilei , Xie Fengyu , Qu Fengli , Liu Zhiang , Du Gu , Asiri Abdullah M. , Yao Yadong , Sun Xuping 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe design and development of earth‐abundant electrocatalysts for efficient full water splitting under mild conditions are highly desired, yet remain a challenging task. A homologous Fe‐doped Co‐based nanoarray incorporating complementary catalysts is shown to effect high‐performance and durable water splitting in near‐neutral media. Iron‐doped cobalt phosphate borate nanoarray on carbon cloth (Fe‐Co‐Pi‐Bi/CC) derived from iron‐doped cobalt phosphide on CC (Fe‐CoP/CC) through oxidative polarization behaves as a highly active bimetallic electrocatalyst for water oxidation with an overpotential of 382 mV to afford a catalytic current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.1 m potassium borate (K‐Bi, pH 9.2). Fe‐CoP/CC is also highly active for the hydrogen evolution reaction, capable of driving 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of only 175 mV in 0.1 m K‐Bi. A two‐electrode water electrolyzer incorporating Fe‐Co‐Pi‐Bi/CC as anode and Fe‐CoP/CC as cathode achieves 10 mA cm−2 water‐splitting current at a cell voltage of 1.95 V with strong long‐term electrochemical durability.
A Copper Complex as Catalyst in Proton Reduction
Authors: Nestke Sebastian , Kügler Merle , Scholz Julius , Wilken Mona , Jooss Christian , Siewert Inke 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Inke Siewert from Universität Göttingen, Germany. The cover image shows a copper complex that catalyzes the electrochemically driven hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in buffered purified water and seawater.
Cervical cancer data and data systems in limited‐resource settings: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Drummond Jennifer L. , Were Martin C. , Arrossi Silvina , Wools‐Kaloustian Kara 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAppropriate collection and use of health information is critical to the planning, scaling up, and improvement of cervical cancer programs. The health information systems implementation landscape is unique to each country; however, systems serving cervical cancer programs in low‐resource settings share characteristics that present common challenges. In response, many programs have taken innovative approaches to generating the quality information needed for decision making. Recent advances in health information technology also provide feasible solutions to challenges. This article draws from the experiences of the authors and from current literature to describe outstanding challenges and promising practices in the implementation of cervical cancer data systems, and to make recommendations for next steps. Recommendations include engaging all stakeholders—including providers, program managers, implementing partners, and donors—in promoting national, district, and community information systems; building on existing systems and processes, as well as introducing new technologies; and evolving data collection and data systems as programs advance.
Structure and ultrastructure of eyes and brains ofThalia democratica(Thaliacea, Tunicata, Chordata)
Authors: Braun Katrin , Stach Thomas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSalps are marine planktonic chordates that possess an obligatory alternation of reproductive modes in subsequent generations. Within tunicates, salps represent a derived life cycle and are of interest in considerations of the evolutionary origin of complex anatomical structures and life history strategies. In the present study, the eyes and brains of both the sexual, aggregate blastozooid and the asexual, solitary oozooid stage ofThalia democratica(Forskål,) were digitally reconstructed in detail based on serial sectioning for light and transmission electron microscopy. The blastozooid stage ofT. democraticapossesses three pigment cup eyes, situated in the anterior ventral part of the brain. The eyes are arranged in a way that the optical axes of each eye point toward different directions. Each eye is an inverse eye that consists of two different cell types: pigment cells (pigc) and rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells (prcs). The oozooid stage ofT. democraticais equipped with a single horseshoe‐shaped eye, positioned in the anterior dorsal part of the brain. The opening of the horseshoe‐shaped eye points anteriorly. Similar to the eyes of the blastozooid, the eye of the oozooid consists of pigment cells and rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells. The rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells possess apical microvilli that form a densely packed presumably photosensitive receptor part adjacent to the concave side of the pigc. We suggest correspondences of the individual eyes in the blastozooid stage to respective parts of the single horseshoe‐shaped eye in the oozooid stage and hypothesize that the differences in visual structures and brain anatomies evolved as a result of the aggregate life style of the blastozooid as opposed to the solitary life style of the oozooid.
Transverse relaxation time constants of the five major metabolites in human brain measured in vivo using LASER and PRESS at 3 T
Authors: Deelchand Dinesh K. , Auerbach Edward J. , Kobayashi Naoharu , Marjańska Małgorzata 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe goal of this study was to measure and compare the apparent transverse relaxation time constants (T2) of five intracellular metabolites using localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (LASER) and point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequences in the human brain at 3 T.MethodsFive healthy subjects were studied at 3 T. 1H spectra from the prefrontal cortex were acquired at six different echo times using LASER and PRESS sequences. Postprocessed data were analyzed with LCModel, and the resulting amplitudes were fitted using a mono‐exponential decay function to determine the T2 of metabolites.ResultsTwenty‐one percent higher apparent T2 values for the singlet resonances of N‐acetyl aspartate, total creatine, and total choline were measured with LASER as compared with PRESS, whereas comparable apparent T2 values were measured for strongly coupled metabolites, glutamate, and myo‐inositol, with both sequences.ConclusionsReliable T2 measurements were obtained with both sequences for the five major intracellular metabolites. The LASER sequence appears to be more efficient in suppressing the diffusion component for singlets (having nonexchangeable protons) compared to J‐coupled metabolites. Magn Reson Med 79:1260–1265, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Experiences of participating in return‐to‐work group programmes for people with musculoskeletal disorders: A focus group study
Authors: Hamnes Bente , Rønningen Aud , Skarbø Åse 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurposeThe present study aimed to explore the experiences of individuals with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) who had participated in return‐to‐work group programmes (RTW‐GPs) and to assess whether the programmes had had an impact on their work disability.MethodThree focus group interviews and one individual interview were conducted involving 17 women (mean age = 47) with MSDs who had completed RTW‐GPs. All interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analyses.ResultsParticipant experiences were categorised into three main themes: changed way of thinking, the importance of being able to work, and a changed lifestyle. The respondents said that participation in the RTW‐GPs had enabled them to shift their focus from problems to opportunities. They had become more aware of strategies to enhance their energy levels and continue working. Several participants had reduced their work hours to achieve a better balance between work and daily life. Many participants had also changed their lifestyle habits, which had led to weight reduction, more energy and less pain.ConclusionThe study participants had attained a heightened awareness of what they could do to continue working. Many participants had introduced changes in their daily lives, with consequences for employment, social life and lifestyle. The findings suggest that RTW‐GPs can help people with MSDs to remain in employment and prevent absenteeism.
Postmarketing withdrawal of human medicinal products because of adverse reactions in animals: a systematic review and analysis
Authors: Onakpoya Igho J. , Heneghan Carl J. , Aronson Jeffrey K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurposeWe have identified human medicinal products for which animal data were used as evidence for withdrawal, determined whether the adverse reactions were reported in humans, established whether confirmatory human studies were conducted, and explored the withdrawal patterns over time.MethodsWe searched the World Health Organization's Consolidated List of [Medicinal] Products, drug regulatory authorities' websites, PubMed, Google Scholar, and selected textbooks to identify medicinal products withdrawn from 1950 to June 2016. We included medicinal products for which animal data were specifically reported as a reason for withdrawal. We used a checklist adapted from the International Agency for Research on Cancer criteria to rate the evidence.ResultsIn 37 cases, evidence from animals was the reason given for withdrawal between 1963 and 2000. Evidence of carcinogenicity was cited in 23 cases (62%). Limited evidence for harms occasioned withdrawal in over 80% of cases. In 11 cases (30%), the adverse drug reactions were subsequently reported in humans. In 5 instances (14%), formal studies were conducted in humans. The median interval to withdrawal following reports of adverse reactions was 2 years (IQR = 1‐9 y).ConclusionsRegulatory authorities and drug manufacturers are likely to withdraw medicinal products quickly from the market when animal experiments suggest increased risks of cancers or congenital malformations. Human studies are seldom conducted when harms are suspected in animals. Future research should explore better methods of extrapolating harms data from animal research to humans.
Factors related to resilience of academically gifted students in the chinese cultural and educational environment
Authors: Chen Xinjie , Cheung Hoi Yan , Fan Xitao , Wu Joseph 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study examined variables in three domains (personal, parent support, and peer support) for their relationships with the resilience of academically gifted students in the Chinese cultural and educational environment. The participants were 484 academically gifted students in two highly competitive secondary schools (so‐called “key” schools) in a metropolitan city in southern China. The constructs measured in the personal domain were resilience, hope, creativity, and curiosity. The constructs measured in the domain of parent support were parent trust, parent communication, and parent alienation. The constructs measured in the peer support domain were peer trust, peer communication, and peer alienation. Three nested regression models showed that the personal constructs (hope, creativity, and curiosity) were all related to the resilience of the academically gifted students. Parent support variables did not exhibit predictive effects over and above that of the personal constructs, but peer support variables did show additional predictive effects over and beyond personal variables and parent support variables. Explanations and implications were discussed for the findings, and some limitations of the study were also discussed.
Hexaphosphate‐Derived Phosphorus‐Functionalized Carbon for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Gawli Yogesh , Wahid Malik , Fernandez Rohan , Kothari Dushyant , Shelke Manjusha , Ogale Satish 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe show that high‐temperature annealing of a dried hexaphosphate, namely phytic acid, renders activated (micro‐porous) and phosphorus‐functionalized graphene like carbon in a one‐step process. At high enough temperature few volatile phosphates serve as porogen‐forming entities while other groups reactively functionalize the carbon surface. The optimized material has high effective surface area due to the presence of defect states. As an anode material for Li‐ion battery, it exhibits a reversible capacity that is double that of the graphite and is stable for 1000 cycles even at a high current of 5 A g−1. This result is attributed to the concurrent presence of micropores and phosphorus containing groups in the carbon matrix.
miR‐206 enhances nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiosensitivity by targeting IGF1
Authors: Wang Tian , Dong Xin‐Min , Zhang Fu‐Lin , Zhang Ji‐Ren 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRadioresistance remains a major problem in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treatment. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of NPC radioresistance remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role and mechanism of miR‐206 in NPC radioresistance. We observed that miR‐206 was down‐regulated in radioresistant NPC cells. Furthermore, restoration of miR‐206 in CNE2‐IR cells suppressed enhanced radiosensitivity of NPC cells. In contrast, inhibition of miR‐206 in CNE2 cells reduced the radiosensitivity. We also found that miR‐206 directly targeted IGF1 and inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway. Our data demonstrate that miR‐206 sensitizes NPC cell to irradiation by targeting IGF1, highlighting the therapeutic potential of miR‐206 in NPC radiosensitization.
Effectiveness of a national ‘Minnesota Model’ based residential treatment programme for alcohol dependence in Ireland: outcomes and predictors of outcome
Authors: Gallagher C. , Radmall Z. , O’Gara C. , Burke T. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were (a) to examine the effectiveness of an inpatient treatment programme for alcohol dependence based on the ‘Minnesota Model’ and (b) to examine potential predictors of outcomes from such treatment.MethodsDemographics and data relating to psychosocial functioning of a group of individuals who commenced treatment for alcohol dependence were gathered at the point of treatment entry. These individuals were then followed up 6 months after they were to complete their inpatient treatment to establish their alcohol-related outcomes. Outcomes from treatment were identified as an index of treatment effectiveness and the outcome data were analysed to determine whether any of the baseline variables could be used to predict outcomes from treatment.ResultsOf those who were contacted at 6-month follow-up, 81.5% had a ‘good outcome’. This represented 66.7% of the total group who participated in the study. The only variable that was found to predict outcomes at 6-month follow-up was severity of alcohol dependence at treatment entry, with more severe alcohol problems associated with poorer outcomes.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of the potential for a Minnesota-based treatment programme to be effective in helping people with alcohol dependence to reduce the amount of alcohol they consume and sustain this reduction beyond the treatment period.
Determinants and patterns of habitat use by the brown bearUrsus arctosin the French Pyrenees revealed by occupancy modelling
Authors: Piédallu Blaise , Quenette Pierre-Yves , Bombillon Nicolas , Gastineau Adrienne , Miquel Christian , Gimenez Olivier 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Pyrenean brown bearUrsus arctospopulation in the mountains between France and Spain is one of the smallest and most threatened populations of large carnivores in Europe. We assessed trends in brown bear habitat use in the Pyrenees and investigated the underlying environmental and anthropogenic drivers. Using detection/non-detection data collected during 2008–2014 through non-invasive methods, we developed dynamic occupancy models, accounting for local colonization and extinction processes. We found two non-connected core areas of occupancy, one in the west and the other in the centre of the Pyrenees, with a significant decrease in habitat use overall during 2008–2014. We also found a negative correlation between human density and bear occupancy, in agreement with previous studies on brown bear habitat suitability. Our results confirm the Critically Endangered status of the Pyrenean population of brown bears.
Strip-intercropping canola with annual alfalfa improves biological control of Plutella xylostella (L.) and crop yield
Authors: Tajmiri Pejman , Fathi Seyed Ali Asghar , Golizadeh Ali , Nouri-Ganbalani Gadir 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe population density of the diamondback moth (DBM),Plutella xylostella(L.), the species diversity of its predators, parasitism on eggs, larvae and pupae, and associated yield of canola were evaluated in experimental plots where spring canola was grown either as a monoculture or strip-intercropped with annual alfalfa in the ratio of 3C:3A, 6C:3A and 9C:3A over a 2-year period. The egg density was significantly higher in monoculture than in intercrops. The highest and lowest densities of larvae and pupae of DBM were recorded in monoculture (2.9–3.2 larvae per plant and 1.14–1.20 pupae per plant) and intercrop 3C:3A (0.7–0.6 larvae per plant and 0.34–0.29 pupae per plant), respectively. Shannon diversity index (H') for species composition of the predators of DBM immature stages was lower in monoculture than in intercrops, and was similar amongst the three intercrops. Moreover, the percent parasitism for eggs, larvae and pupae was higher in intercrops than in monoculture. The dry seed weight loss was higher in monocrop (37.6–40.1%) compared to 3C:3A (7.9–8.6%), 6C:3A (19.5–21.4%) and 9C:3A (21.6–25.4%). Our results indicate that intercropping canola with annual alfalfa, especially in the ratio 3C:3A, can increase the species diversity, parasitism rates of DBM immature stages, and enhance the yield of canola. The implications of these findings, in relation to integrated pest management (IPM) in canola cropping systems, are discussed.
Modifying Dendritic Cell Activation with Plasmonic Nano Vectors
Authors: Vang Kieng Bao , Safina Ingrid , Darrigues Emilie , Nedosekin Dmitry , Nima Zeid A. , Majeed Waqar , Watanabe Fumiya , Kannarpady Ganesh , Kore Rajshekhar A. , Casciano Daniel , Zharov Vladimir P. , Griffin Robert J. , Dings Ruud P. M. , Biris Alexandru S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) can acquire, process, and present antigens to T-cells to induce an immune response. For this reason, targeting cancer antigens to DCs in order to cause an immune response against cancer is an emerging area of nanomedicine that has the potential to redefine the way certain cancers are treated. The use of plasmonically active silver-coated gold nanorods (henceforth referred to as plasmonic nano vectors (PNVs)) as potential carriers for DC tumor vaccines has not been presented before. Effective carriers must be able to be phagocytized by DCs, present low toxicity, and induce the maturation of DCs—an early indication of an immune response. When we treated DCs with the PNVs, we found that the cell viability of DCs was unaffected, up to 200 μg/ml. Additionally, the PNVs associated with the DCs as they were phagocytized and they were found to reside within intracellular compartments such as endosomes. More importantly, the PNVs were able to induce expression of surface markers indicative of DC activation and maturation, i.e. CD40, CD86, and MHC class II. These results provide the first evidence that PNVs are promising carriers for DC-based vaccines and warrant further investigating for clinical use.
Comprehensive circular RNA profiling reveals the regulatory role of the circRNA-100338/miR-141-3p pathway in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Huang Xiu-Yan , Huang Zi-Li , Xu Yong-Hua , Zheng Qi , Chen Zi , Song Wei , Zhou Jian , Tang Zhao-You , Huang Xin-Yu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs that have recently been recognized as important regulators of gene expression and pathological networks. However, their transcriptional activities and functional mechanisms in cancer remain largely unknown. Here, we present results from a global circRNA expression and functional analysis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using a circRNA microarray, we identified 226 differentially expressed circRNAs, of which 189 were significantly upregulated and 37 were downregulated. High expression of circRNA_100338, one of the upregulated circRNAs in HCC, is closely correlated with a low cumulative survival rate and metastatic progression in HCC patients with hepatitis B. Furthermore, our in silico and experimental analyses identified miR-141-3p as a direct target of circRNA_100338. Thus, circRNA_100338 functions as an endogenous sponge for miR-141-3p in HCC. In addition, we identified the crucial antagonistic roles of circRNA_100338 and miR-141-3p in the regulation of invasive potential in liver cancer cells. Overall, the differential expression of multiple circRNAs in HCC tissues and their clinical significance in hepatitis B-related HCC patients as revealed by our study suggests that circRNA_100338 is a potentially valuable biomarker for HCC diagnosis and target for HCC therapeutics.