bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural selection on floral volatiles and other traits can change with snowmelt timing and summer precipitation
Authors: Powers John M. , Briggs Heather M. , Campbell Diane R. 
Published: September 2024

Summary
Climate change is disrupting floral traits that mediate mutualistic and antagonistic species interactions. Plastic responses of these traits to multiple shifting conditions may be adaptive, depending on natural selection in new environments.
We manipulated snowmelt date over three seasons (3–11 d earlier) in factorial combination with growing‐season precipitation (normal, halved, or doubled) to measure plastic responses of volatile emissions and other floral traits in Ipomopsis aggregata. We quantified how precipitation and early snowmelt affected selection on traits by seed predators and pollinators.
Within years, floral emissions did not respond to precipitation treatments but shifted with snowmelt treatment depending on the year. Across 3 yr, emissions correlated with both precipitation and snowmelt date. These effects were driven by changes in soil moisture. Selection on several traits changed with earlier snowmelt or reduced precipitation, in some cases driven by predispersal seed predation. Floral trait plasticity was not generally adaptive.
Floral volatile emissions shifted in the face of two effects of climate change, and the new environments modulated selection imposed by interacting species. The complexity of the responses underscores the need for more studies of how climate change will affect floral volatiles and other floral traits.
Broadening the study of morality in multiparty settings through a novel dictionary translation and validation methodology
Authors: Husson Clara , Palma Nicola 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIndividuals' exposure to morality elicits instantaneous intuitions and influences personal behavior without rational thought or reasoning. Despite our increasing knowledge about the ideology‐driven use of morality in bipartisan systems, we lack a good understanding, on the one hand, of political actors' use of moral appeals in multiparty settings and, on the other hand, of what incentives besides ideology lead political actors to strategically use morality. To fill this gap, we examine parties' use of moral appeals applying newly translated versions of the Moral Foundations Dictionary (MFD) into four languages (French, German, Italian, and Spanish) to party manifestos. Our analysis focuses on 31 elections in nine European multiparty systems over the last two decades. Our findings suggest that the use of morality is ideology‐driven for some moral foundations, whereas some other moral domains are being used by political actors according to an issue‐dependent logic. From a methodological perspective, this article proposes (i) a fully reproducible semi‐automatic translation procedure and (ii) an innovative time‐ and resource‐efficient dictionary validation methodology based on formally translated documents.
Embodied suffering: Uncovering the illness experiences of patients with severe psoriasis
Authors: Lee Lin‐Lin , Huo An‐Ping , Chen Shu‐Ling 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe visibility of skin lesions significantly burdens people with psoriasis, leading to social hostility and numerous emotional and psychological problems. These issues adversely affect self‐esteem, can result in chronic mental health challenges and cause numerous life problems. This study aimed to explore patients' long‐term experiences with severe psoriasis.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted with 20 patients with psoriasis (PASI ≥12) recruited from general and specialist dermatology practices in a regional teaching hospital in Taiwan. Interviews lasted 60–90 min and data were analysed using content analysis.FindingsA core theme emerged: ‘Embodied suffering—life worse than death’. This overarching concept comprised three interrelated themes: (i) Experiencing physical suffering, (ii) Experiencing psychological suffering and (iii) Experiencing the stigma of suffering.ConclusionThis study highlights the holistic nature of suffering among individuals with severe psoriasis. It emphasises the need for healthcare professionals to consider the entirety of a patient's circumstances when addressing their suffering.
The Effects of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on School‐to‐School Transitions. A Study of Lower Secondary School Graduates
Authors: Ravn Rasmus Lind 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic in early 2020 caused serious concern about the potential negative effects on children and young people. In Denmark, policymakers and interest organizations worried that insecurity about the future and the multiple lockdowns of society would harm the well‐being of children and young people and their school‐to‐school transitions. The COVID‐19 pandemic and the ensuing lockdowns of society can be regarded as a naturally occurring experiment. We utilise this abrupt exogenous shock to investigate whether the COVID‐19 pandemic affected the share of Danish 9th‐grade pupils who start an education after the 9th grade. Cohorts graduating from the 9th grade before 2020 were unaffected by the pandemic in their school‐to‐school transitions and constitute a suitable control group to explore the causal effects of the pandemic. To this end, we use registered data with information about the total population of 9th‐grade cohorts from 2018 to 2022. To adjust for the minor observable differences between cohorts, we employ augmented inverse probability weighting (AIPW), taking into account a multitude of covariates relevant for school‐to‐school transitions. We find that the COVID‐19 pandemic reduced the transition rate to education overall, but the largest reduction is in relation to starting upper secondary education. Our results indicate that the pandemic led young people to opt for types of education that entail a more social or recreational aspect before moving on to secondary education. Furthermore, effect sizes vary according to socio‐economic status, and our results suggest increased educational inequality.
A “gullwing sign” on magnetic resonance imaging of extradural spinal tumors in dogs and cats allows prioritization of round cell neoplasia
Authors: Monto Tom , Hecht Silke , Auger Mylène , Springer Cary M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExtradural neoplasms are the most common spinal tumors in small animals. A bilobed appearance of ventral extradural spinal lesions (“gullwing sign”) on MRI has been described with various conditions. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine if a “gullwing sign” is more common with certain types of extradural tumors. MRI studies of dogs and cats with extradural spinal neoplasms were reviewed for the presence of a “gullwing sign”. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate a possible relationship between tumor class and the presence of a “gullwing sign”. Sixty‐six cases were included (5 epithelial, 31 mesenchymal, 4 neuroendocrine, and 26 round cell tumors). A “gullwing sign” was identified in 12 of 66 cases (18.2%) and was significantly more common with round cell neoplasia than other tumor types (P < .001; OR = 28.6, 95% CI [3.4, 241.1]). This information may aid radiologists in prioritizing differential diagnoses for extradural tumors in small animals.
Prognostic Tools for Small Cracks in Structures
Authors: McDowell D. L. , Neu R. W. , Qu J. , Saxena A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
An integrated system for diagnosis of the “health” of a structural component subjected to high cycle fatigue (HCF) consists of sets of embedded or emplaced sensors at various locations, extracting information related to generation of material defects, presence of crack-like discontinuities and their progression, and changes of system dynamics which may relate to this progression. Conceptually, signals from these sensors are fed into a processing environment that can ascertain deleterious conditions related to the onset of loss of function or propagation of cracks to critical dimensions. Since the idea is to monitor the gradual changes of component performance and various local related indices before catastrophic failure to enable the operator to respond with a maintenance hold, it is essential to couple the diagnostics with prognostic capability; this facilitates a prediction of how much time remains within the window of viable servicing or repair.
In the HCF regime, the dominant fraction of total fatigue life may be spent at crack lengths on the order of 20 to 500 μm. The detection of longer cracks near the end of component life is critical since component failure may lead to failure of the overall structure. This necessitates the identification of (i) finite-element algorithms for identifying component “hot spots” where failure is likely to occur, (ii) development of appropriate crack growth laws for cracks of different length scales, ranging from on the order of grain size to on the order of component dimensions, including consideration of contacting components (fretting fatigue) and environmental effects, and (iii) development of algorithms for identifying the progression of component degradation based on multiple sensor inputs at different time and length scales, providing feedback to support cause for maintenance shutdown. This paper discusses related work underway in the Structural Fatigue Task within a Department of Defense University Research Initiative (M-URI) on Integrated Diagnostics at Georgia Tech, monitored by the Office of Naval Research.
MEMS for Integrated Diagnostic Applications
Authors: Polla D. , Francis L. , Robbins W. , Harjani R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) technology is currently being applied to the structural health monitoring of critical aircraft components. The approach integrates acoustic emission (AE) and vibration monitoring devices with signal processing electronics to provide real-time indicators of incipient failure of aircraft (helicopter) components with a known history of catastrophic failure due to fracture. This paper describes MEMS-based sensor development, piezoelectric microsensor design and fabrication, and signal processing approaches directed toward the realization of inexpensive, multiple, MEMS-based integrated diagnostics “coupons”. Initial feasibility data are presented.
A Real Time Adaptive Control Algorithm for a VVVF Hydraulic Elevator Using Neural Nets
Authors: Yang Huayong , Yang Jiangang , Zhang Jianmin , Sha Daohang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
An adaptive algorithm of neural nets with a special perturbation for a real time velocity control system of a VVVF hydraulic elevator has been proposed in this paper. The weight vector of neural network is adoptively adjusted by the LMS with the perturbation, so it is not necessary to know the nonlinear continuous function of the system controlled. The nonlinear velocity control system is considered as the controller output function in an adaptive controller model. The experimental results obtained from the VVVF hydraulic elevator have shown that the neural nets controller using the perturbation algorithm proposed are much stronger in stability and faster in dynamic response compared with the conventional PID controller.
Experimental Implementation of a Neural Simulator
Authors: Ping Xu , Burton Rich , Sargent Colin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the use of neural networks to identify transient responses of a nonlinear system, with a long term objective of developing neural simulators of actual systems that are to be incorporated into simulation packages. The study focuses on the experimental work of modeling a hydraulic had sensing pump using an established neural net approach. An experimental system is designed and constructed with particular attention to the design and generation of sufficiently rich input signals. The data sampled at an appropriately chosen sampling rate from the testing of the load sensing pump dynamics are used to train and validate the neural models. The study carefully examines the problems and constraints (not revealed by theoretical or simulation studies) imposed by the actual experimental system The modeling results with two neural model configurations are presented in this paper and establishes, from a practical point of view, the potential of the neural network approach to modeling a real hydraulic component. In addition, it is shown that the training accuracy and the error accumulation are the two most critical factors in examining and interpreting the overall modeling accuracy.
Dynamic Simulation of a Large Hydraulic Capsule Pipeline System
Authors: Du Hongliu , Nair Satish S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A booster station in a long distance hydraulic capsule pipeline is simulated mathematically to study the hydraulic transients caused by the periodic closing and opening of the valves present in the pipeline design (Du and Nair, 1995, 1996). The Method of Characteristics is used for the dynamic simulation studies, performed to help design and size part of the booster station subsystem. Several modifications to the pump bypass station configuration of the booster station have been studied. Under the criterion of eliminating column separation and reducing flow reversals, a configuration with several centrifugal pumps connected in series, and a carefully sized air chamber are found to be optimal. A valve stroking method is designed to eliminate column separation and the design results in an acceptable flow reversal in the main pipe. The simulation results match in general behavioral terms with limited experimental studies performed on a small scale experimental capsule pipeline system.
Modeling and Comparative Investigation of a TriTec Power Unit
Authors: Raghibizadeh S. , Kapps A. , Goldenberg A. A. , Tsang E. , Rowe J. A. , Timm M. E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the results of comparative analyses between the TriTec Power Unit and a typical crank type air motor based on their mathematical models. The comparative analyses showed that the efficiency of the TriTec Power Unit is superior to that of a comparable conventional crank type motor. A representative value for the improvement in efficiency is 50%. A number of case studies have been considered in our investigation in order to assess performance of the motors under various combinations of working conditions that may occur in practice. In all of the cases studied, the efficiency of the TriTec Power Unit has been superior to that of the crank type motor.
Measurement of the Dynamic Properties of Hose Walls Required for Modelling Fluid-Borne Noise
Authors: Longmore Derek K. , Johnston D. Nigel , Drew Joanne E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Methods are presented and examined for obtaining the dynamic material properties of a hose wall under realistic conditions. The properties have been used in mathematical models of fluid filled hoses with and without tuners inside in order to calculate pressure ripple in hydraulic circuits and to seek to minimise the associated noise. The material properties are derived from measurements of an impedance matrix relating pressure and axial wall compression to flow and axial wall velocity at each end of the hose.
Reducing Shock Absorber Cavitation With Optimized Design by Using Numerical Modeling of Oil Flow
Authors: Herr Frank , Pipis John S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method was used to study the flow and cavitation phenomena in an automotive hydraulic damper / shock absorber. The single-phase cavitation models were employed in the simulation The models were validated and compared with experimental data before they were used in the evaluation of designs of shock absorbers. The single-phase constant fluid property model is able to identify the lower pressure regions where the cavitation might occur. This model over-predicts the size of the cavitation. The Single-phase varying fluid property model is able to predict the possible inception of cavitation or under which operating condition the cavitation occurs, and the locations of possible cavitation. Based on the information from the CFD analysis, an improved design was proposed and modeled by using CFD. The results showed that the cavitation regions were significantly reduced. It was shown that the single-phase CFD cavitation models can be used as predictive tools to help the optimization of automotive shock absolver design to reduce the cavitation and therefore minimize the air-bome noise.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Culture on Microcarriers in a Rotating-Wall Vessel
Authors: Qiu Q. , Ducheyne P. , Gao H. , Ayyaswamy P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The morphology of 3-D rat marrow stromal cell cultures and the expression of bone-related markers were studied in a simulated microgravity environment. In addition, the differences in shear stress on the surface of microcarriers of different densities were calculated.
In the experiments, secondary rat marrow stromal cells were cultured on two types of microcarriers, Cytodex-3 beads and modified bioactive glass particles, in a high aspect rotating-wall vessel (HARV). Evaluation of cellular morphology by scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of 3-D multicellular aggregates consisting of multiple cell-covered Cytodex-3 microcarriers bridged together. Extracellular matrix and mineralization were observed in the aggregates. Using immunocytochemistry, confocal scanning microscopy, and antibodies for osteopontin and collagen type I, it was found that these bone-related proteins were strongly expressed in the 3-D cell culture. Using mathematical modeling, it was found that the shear stress at the microcarrier surface varied depending upon density difference between the culture medium and the microcarrier. At a given rotational speed and for a given culture medium, a larger density difference between the microcarrier and the culture medium (e.g., a modified bioactive glass particle) imparts a higher shear stress to the microcarrier surface. We also found variations of the maximum shear stress as a function of particle size at a given rotational speed and for a given culture medium. The numerical data may be used to optimize cell culture conditions in a simulated microgravity environment.
Mechanical Behaviors of Bolted Joints Under Tensile Loads
Authors: Sawa Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In designing a bolted joint, it is important to find the ratio of the increment of the axial bolt force to a load applied to an assembly, that is, the load factor. The formula proposed by Thum has been used in order to estimate the value of the load factor. Recently, it has been found that the value of the load factor varies with the position of load application to an assembly, and a method to compensate Thum’s formula was proposed. But, this compensation is based on experience and the theoretical basis is not made clear. In this paper, the concept of the tensile spring constant kpt for clamped parts is introduced when a load is applied to the outer circumference of clamped parts (hollow cylinders) and a method for estimating the value of the load factor is proposed by using kpt. The value of kpt is analyzed by using an axisymmetric theory of elasticity. For verification of the method, experiments were earned out to measure the load factor. A fairly good agreement is seen between the analytical and the experimental results. It is found that the value of the load factor decreases as the outer diameter of the hollow cylinder increases and the as thickness of the clamped parts decreases.
Draft genome sequence of
Raoultella terrigena
strain Ech2A causing soft rot on sweet pepper (
Capsicum annuum
)
Authors: Sandoval-Gutiérrez J. , Cubero-Agüero D. , Brenes-Guillén L. , Galiano-Murillo F. , Vidaurre-Barahona D. , Uribe-Lorío L. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of
Raoultella terrigena
strain Ech2A causing soft rot on pepper. To verify pathogenicity, Koch’s postulates were performed on sweet pepper. Genes encoding pectinolytic enzymes were found in the genome.
Complete genome sequence of a potential new species
Vibrio
sp. NTOU-M3 isolated from hard clam,
Meretrix taiwanica,
in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Che-Chun , Lin Wei-Hsiang , Hsu Te-Hua , Ho Ying-Ning 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Vibrio
sp. NTOU-
M3
is a potential new bacterium isolated from hard clam (
Meretrix taiwanica
) in the estuarine region of Taiwan. The complete sequences obtained using Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina sequencing consist of a 3,272,438-bp large circular chromosome and a 1,584,497-bp small circular chromosome.
Detection response of the active components of the SciBar Cosmic Ray Telescope at Sierra Negra
Authors: Monterde-Andrade F. , González L. X. , Valdés-Galicia J. F. , Morales-Olivares O. G. , Sergeeva M. A. , Newton-Bosch J. , Ortiz E. , Hurtado A. , Taylor R. , Matsubara Y. , Sako T. , Itow Y. , Kawabata T. , Munakata K. , Kato C. , Hayashi Y. , Masuda Y. , Matsumoto M. , Takamaru H. , Shibata S. , Oshima A. , Koi T. , Kojima H. , Tsuchiya H. , Watanabe K. , Kozai M. , Nakamura Y. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Scibar Cosmic-Ray Telescope (SciCRT) is the most promising detector of the Sierra Negra Cosmic Rays Observatory (SN-CRO). At this location, being a target and a tracker of secondary cosmic rays, the SciCRT offers a high probability of observing solar energetic particles and lower energy galactic cosmic rays (LEGCR); also, it allows the identification of incoming particles by measuring their energy deposition. In this work we present a Geant4-based simulation of the energy deposited by neutrons, $$\gamma $$
γ
-rays, protons, electrons and muons in the optimally running SciCRT components. We also calculated the detection efficiency of the SciCRT at its current state. Our simulation results provide new information about the SciCRT detection response that may be used as a basis to estimate and analyze the energy spectra of primary particles.
Gravitational lensing and shadow by a Schwarzschild-like black hole in metric-affine bumblebee gravity
Authors: Gao Xiao-Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the gravitational lensing effect and the shadow around a Schwarzschild-like black hole in metric-affine bumblebee gravity, which leads to the Lorentz symmetry breaking. We first present a generalized formalism for calculating higher-order corrections to light weak bending angle in a static, spherically symmetric and not asymptotically flat spacetime, and then applying this general formalism to the metric-affine bumblebee gravity. Moreover, we derive the light deflection angle and the size of the Einstein ring within the weak field in this scenario. In addition, we analyze the black hole shadow in this theory framework. By using observational data from the Einstein’s ring of the galaxy ESO325-G004 and the black hole shadow of the $$\textrm{M}87$$

M
87

galaxy, we estimate the upper bounds of the Lorentz symmetry breaking coefficient $$\ell $$
ℓ
, respectively.