bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NeoGrowth silicon: A new high purity, low‐oxygen crystal growth technique for photovoltaic substrates
Authors: Stoddard Nathan , Russell Joshua , Hixson Earl C. , She Hui , Krause Andreas , Wolny Franziska , Bertoni Mariana , Naerland Tine Uberg , Sylla Lamine , von Ammon Wilfried 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSolarWorld has developed a new entrant in the field of crystal growth for silicon photovoltaic substrates. The NeoGrowth technique is a contactless bulk crystal growth method for producing single crystal ingots. NeoGrowth material can be produced at a throughput on par with G5 multicrystalline silicon, but with p‐type as‐grown minority carrier lifetimes exceeding 600 microseconds for a 1.5‐ohm cm resistivity. The silicon has low oxygen, and light‐induced degradation is measured at 0.5% to 0.7% in passivated emitter rear contact–based modules. In the first report of results from this technique, p‐type resistivity can be managed within a range of 1.5 to 2.0 ohm cm over the entire ingot. Dislocation density is shown to be typically in the 104 to 105/cm2 range but can be managed down to even lower levels. After cell processing steps, minority carrier lifetime can exceed 1.5 milliseconds for p‐type material and cell efficiencies on industrial cells range up to 20.9%.
Molecular details of spontaneous insertion and interaction of HCV non‐structure 3 protease protein domain with PIP2‐containing membrane
Authors: Hung Huynh Minh , Hang Tran Dieu , Nguyen Minh Tho 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV), known as the leading cause of liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, has been affecting more than 150 million people globally. The HCV non‐structure 3 (NS3) protease protein domain plays a key role in HCV replication and pathogenesis; and is currently a primary target for HCV antiviral therapy. Through unbiased molecular dynamics simulations which take advantage of the novel highly mobile membrane mimetic model, we constructed the membrane‐bound state of the protein domain at the atomic level. Our results indicated that protease domain of HCV NS3 protein can spontaneously bind and penetrate to an endoplasmic reticulum complex membrane containing phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2). An amphipathic helix α0 and loop S1 show their anchoring role to keep the protein on the membrane surface. Proper orientation of the protein domain at membrane surface was identified through measuring tilt angles of two specific vectors, wherein residue R161 plays a crucial role in its final orientation. Remarkably, PIP2 molecules were observed to bind to three main sites of the protease domain via specific electrostatic contacts and hydrogen bonds. PIP2‐interaction determines the protein orientation at the membrane while both hydrophobic interplay and PIP2‐interaction can stabilize the NS3 ‐ membrane complex. Simulated results provide us with a detailed characterization of insertion, orientation and PIP2‐interaction of NS3 protease domain at membrane environment, thus enhancing our understanding of structural functions and mechanism for the association of HCV non‐structure 3 protein with respect to ER membranes.
Residue packing in globular and intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Aydinkal Rasim Murat , Bagci Elife Zerrin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs)/regions do not have well‐defined secondary and tertiary structures, however, they are functional and it is critical to gain a deep understanding of their residue packing. The shape distributions methodology, which is usually utilized in pattern recognition, clustering, and classification studies in computer science, may be adopted to study the residue packing of the proteins. In this study, shape distributions of the globular proteins and IDPs were obtained to shed light on the residue packing of their structures. The shape feature that was used is the sphericity of tetrahedra obtained by Delaunay Tessellation of points of Cα coordinates. Then the sphericity probability distributions were compared by using Principal Component Analysis. This computational structural study shows that the set of IDPs constitute a more diverse set than the set of globular proteins in terms of the geometrical properties of their network structures.
Multiscale modeling of enzymes: QM‐cluster, QM/MM, and QM/MM/MD: A tutorial review
Authors: Ahmadi Shideh , Barrios Herrera Lizandra , Chehelamirani Morteza , Hostaš Jiří , Jalife Said , Salahub Dennis R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExemplars of the state of the art in modeling enzymes are reviewed through a selection of works from leading schools using QM‐only cluster models, QM/MM models and QM/MM/MD models. A computational protocol is proposed, intended to guide neophytes through the myriad of methodological choices that are necessary for the successful study of chemical reactions in the complex enzymatic environment.
A Comparative Analysis of the Roles Governors Play in Disaster Recovery
Authors: Smith Gavin , Sabbag Lea , Rohmer Ashton 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article examines the roles that governors play in disaster recovery, a topic that remains underemphasized in both the research and practice‐based literature. In order to more fully explore these roles, we interviewed former Governors James B. Hunt, Jr. (D‐NC) and Haley Barbour, (R‐MS), who were in office following Hurricanes Floyd (1999) and Katrina (2005) respectively—two events that represent the costliest disasters in the history of both states. Interview questions were framed across three dimensions of disaster recovery: The rules governing disaster assistance and the degree to which associated programs and policies address local needs, the timing of disaster assistance, and the level of horizontal and vertical integration across organizations that deliver disaster assistance. Additional questions focused on gubernatorial leadership and planning for recovery. Based on the findings, we posit a number of policy recommendations, next steps, and future areas of study.
Model‐assisted extended state observer and dynamic surface control–based trajectory tracking for quadrotors via output‐feedback mechanism
Authors: Shao Xingling , Liu Ning , Liu Jun , Wang Honglun 
Published: January 2018

SummaryIn this paper, an output‐feedback trajectory tracking controller for quadrotors is presented by integrating a model‐assisted extended state observer (ESO) with dynamic surface control. The quadrotor dynamics are described by translational and rotational loops with lumped disturbances to promote the hierarchical control design. Then, by exploiting the structural property of the quadrotor, a model information–assisted high‐order ESO that relies only on position measurements is designed to estimate not only the unmeasurable states but also the lumped disturbances in the rotational loop. In addition, to account for the problem of “explosion of complexity” inherent in hierarchical control, the output feedback–based trajectory tracking and attitude stabilization laws are respectively synthesized by utilizing dynamic surface control and the corresponding estimated signals provided by the ESO. The stability analysis is given, showing that the output‐feedback trajectory tracking controller can ensure the ultimate boundedness of all signals in the closed‐loop system and make the tracking errors arbitrarily small. Finally, flight simulations with respect to an 8‐shaped trajectory command are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in obtaining the stable and accurate trajectory tracking using position measurements only.
Sensory navigation guide for visually impaired sea kayakers
Authors: Anthierens Cédric , Groux Didier , Hugel Vincent 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAt present, a visually impaired kayaker needs the assistance of a kayaker coach in charge of guiding him/her by using loud vocal instructions or a sound device during the sea ride. However, neither the coach nor the visually impaired kayaker feel at ease with such a guiding due to the amount of noise generated by the frequent vocal interactions. This paper describes a novel concept of sensory navigation guide meant to help kayakers with visual disabilities to practice sea kayaking in an autonomous way. The innovation here consists in providing kayakers with wristbands that automatically vibrate left or right, depending on the predefined trajectory to be followed. The main contributions of this work include an original navigation algorithm based on GPS feedback to track a corridor‐shaped path on the sea and the definition of specific metrics to analyze the performance of the kayakers along the ride. Experiments carried out on a population of 10 visually impaired kayakers and 10 sighted kayakers showed convincing results. A satisfaction survey confirmed that all participants acknowledged the added value of the system in terms of increased autonomy. Most of the visually impaired participants also enjoyed a greater sports entertainment experience thanks to this guiding system, which can be extended to other kinds of water sports.
A new class of actuator surface models for wind turbines
Authors: Yang Xiaolei , Sotiropoulos Fotis 
Published: January 2018

AbstractActuator line model has been widely used in wind turbine simulations. However, the standard actuator line model does not include a model for the turbine nacelle which can significantly impact turbine wake characteristics. Another disadvantage of the standard actuator line model is that more geometrical features of turbine blades cannot be resolved on a finer mesh. To alleviate these disadvantages of the standard model, we develop a new class of actuator surface models for turbine blades and nacelle to take into account more geometrical details of turbine blades and include the effect of turbine nacelle. The actuator surface model for nacelle is evaluated by simulating the flow over periodically placed nacelles. Both the actuator surface simulation and the wall‐resolved large‐eddy simulation are conducted. The comparison shows that the actuator surface model is able to give acceptable results especially at far wake locations on a very coarse mesh. It is noted that although this model is used for the turbine nacelle in this work, it is also applicable to other bluff bodies. The capability of the actuator surface model in predicting turbine wakes is assessed by simulating the flow over the MEXICO (Model experiments in Controlled Conditions) turbine and the hydrokinetic turbine of Kang, Yang, and Sotiropoulos (Journal of Fluid Mechanics 744 (2014): 376‐403). Comparisons of the computed results with measurements show that the proposed actuator surface model is able to predict the tip vortices, turbulence statistics, and meandering of turbine wake with good accuracy.
Big data analytics—A review of data‐mining models for small and medium enterprises in the transportation sector
Authors: Mohd Selamat Siti Aishah , Prakoonwit Simant , Sahandi Reza , Khan Wajid , Ramachandran Manoharan 
Published: January 2018

The need for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to adopt data analytics has reached a critical point, given the surge of data implied by the advancement of technology. Despite data mining (DM) being widely used in the transportation sector, it is staggering to note that there are minimal research case studies being done on the application of DM by SMEs, specifically in the transportation sector. From the extensive review conducted, the three most common DM models used by large enterprises in the transportation sector are identified, namely “Knowledge Discovery in Database,” “Sample, Explore, Modify, Model and Assess” (SEMMA), and “CRoss Industry Standard Process for Data Mining” (CRISP‐DM). The same finding was revealed in the SMEs' context across the various industries. It was also uncovered that among the three models, CRISP‐DM had been widely applied commercially. However, despite CRISP‐DM being the de facto DM model in practice, a study carried out to assess the strengths and weakness of the models reveals that they have several limitations with respect to SMEs. This paper concludes that there is a critical need for a novel model to be developed in order to cater to the SMEs' prerequisite, especially so in the transportation sector context.This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Business and Industry
Application Areas > Industry Specific Applications
Trans‐acting translational regulatory RNA binding proteins
Authors: Harvey Robert F. , Smith Tom S. , Mulroney Thomas , Queiroz Rayner M. L. , Pizzinga Mariavittoria , Dezi Veronica , Villenueva Eneko , Ramakrishna Manasa , Lilley Kathryn S. , Willis Anne E. 
Published: January 2018

The canonical molecular machinery required for global mRNA translation and its control has been well defined, with distinct sets of proteins involved in the processes of translation initiation, elongation and termination. Additionally, noncanonical, trans‐acting regulatory RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) are necessary to provide mRNA‐specific translation, and these interact with 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions and coding regions of mRNA to regulate ribosome recruitment and transit. Recently it has also been demonstrated that trans‐acting ribosomal proteins direct the translation of specific mRNAs. Importantly, it has been shown that subsets of RBPs often work in concert, forming distinct regulatory complexes upon different cellular perturbation, creating an RBP combinatorial code, which through the translation of specific subsets of mRNAs, dictate cell fate. With the development of new methodologies, a plethora of novel RNA binding proteins have recently been identified, although the function of many of these proteins within mRNA translation is unknown. In this review we will discuss these methodologies and their shortcomings when applied to the study of translation, which need to be addressed to enable a better understanding of trans‐acting translational regulatory proteins. Moreover, we discuss the protein domains that are responsible for RNA binding as well as the RNA motifs to which they bind, and the role of trans‐acting ribosomal proteins in directing the translation of specific mRNAs.This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
Translation > Translation Regulation
Translation > Translation Mechanisms
Short-term progression of cardiometabolic risk factors in relation to age at type 2 diabetes diagnosis: a longitudinal observational study of 100,606 individuals from the Swedish National Diabetes Register
Authors: Steinarsson Andri O. , Rawshani Araz , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Franzén Stefan , Svensson Ann-Marie , Sattar Naveed 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis
The reasons underlying a greater association of premature mortality with early-onset type 2 diabetes relative to late-onset disease are unclear. We evaluated the clinical characteristics at type 2 diabetes diagnosis and the broad trajectories in cardiometabolic risk factors over the initial years following diagnosis in relation to age at diagnosis.

Methods
Our cohort consisted of 100,606 individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Swedish National Diabetes Register from 2002 to 2012. The average follow-up time was 2.8 years. Analyses were performed using a linear mixed-effects model for continuous risk factors and a mixed generalised linear model with a logistic link function for dichotomous risk factors.

Results
The individuals diagnosed at the youngest age (18–44 years) were more often male and had the highest BMI (mean of 33.4 kg/m2) at diagnosis and during follow-up compared with all other groups (those diagnosed at 45–59 years, 60–74 years and ≥75 years; p < 0.05), being ~5 kg/m2 higher than the oldest group. Although HbA1c patterns were similar between all age groups, there was a difference of about 5 mmol/mol (0.45%) between the two groups at 8 years post-diagnosis (p < 0.05). Additionally, individuals diagnosed younger had ~0.7 mmol/l higher triacylglycerol, and ~0.2 mmol/l lower HDL-cholesterol levels at diagnosis relative to the oldest group. Such differences continued for several years post diagnosis. Yet, although more of these younger individuals were receiving oral glucose-lowering agents, other cardioprotective therapies were prescribed less often in this group. Differences in BMI, blood glucose and lipid levels remained with adjustment for potential confounders, including marital status, education and country of birth, and, where relevant, differential treatments by age, and in those with at least 5 years of follow-up.

Conclusions/interpretation
Individuals who develop type 2 diabetes at a younger age are more frequently obese, display a more adverse lipid profile, have higher HbA1c and a faster deterioration in glycaemic control compared with individuals who develop diabetes later in life. These differences largely remain for several years after diagnosis and support the notion that early-onset type 2 diabetes may be a more pathogenic condition than late-onset disease.
Early Versus Late Tracheostomy in Trauma Patients: A Propensity‐Matched Cohort Study of 5 Years’ Data at a Single Institution in Korea
Authors: Kang Byung Hee , Cho Jayun , Lee John Cook‐Jong , Jung Kyoungwon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there have been many studies dealing with tracheostomy timing in trauma patients, the optimal timing is still being debated. This study aimed to compare outcomes between early tracheostomy (ET) and late tracheostomy (LT) in trauma populations to estimate the optimal timing of tracheostomy after intubation.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the 5 years’ data of trauma patients who underwent tracheostomy during their acute intensive care unit (ICU) stay. The cases were divided into two groups: ET was defined as tracheostomy performed within 7 days after intubation, and LT, after the seventh day. Propensity score matching was utilized using a 1‐to‐1 matching technique, and outcomes between two groups were compared.ResultsAmong 236 enrolled patients, 76 met the criteria for ET and 160 were included for LT. Using propensity matching, 70 patients who met the criteria for ET were matched to 70 patients in the LT. Based on the comparison of outcomes after matching, ET showed significantly shorter values than LT in overall ventilator duration, length of stay at the ICU, and post‐tracheostomy ventilation duration. Furthermore, the incidence of pneumonia was significantly lower with ET than with LT, although the rate of postoperative complications showed no significant differences.ConclusionsWe suggest that ET should be considered in trauma patients needing prolonged mechanical ventilation. Also, we recommend that surgeons perform tracheostomy as early as within 7 days after intubation to not only reduce the ventilation and ICU days but also prevent pneumonia without worrying about an increase in postoperative complications.
Increased Positive Predictive Value for a Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Non-invasive Prenatal Test for the 22q11.2 Deletion
Authors: Ryan Allison , Iyengar Sushma , Demko Zachary 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNon-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has expanded its coverage beyond the common aneuploidies to include subchromosomal abnormalities such as the 22q11.2 deletion through the analysis of cell-free DNA. We previously reported a positive predictive value (PPV) of 18% and false-positive rate (FPR) of 0.38% for a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based NIPT for fetal 22q11.2 deletion in a clinical cohort. Herein, we assess the performance of the test following methodology changes that include sequencing high-risk calls at high depth of read (HDOR) and raising the confidence threshold of the algorithm from 0.90 to 0.95. At the original confidence cut-off, a PPV of 42.3% upon reflex-sequencing of high-risk samples at a HDOR was reported. Raising the algorithm’s confidence threshold further increased the PPV to 52.4% and reduced the FPR to 0.07%, with no loss in test sensitivity. The PPV was 100% for high a priori risk cases, and 20% for low a priori risk cases. The improved assay performance documented with the updated methodology supports the efficacy of the SNP-based NIPT in the detection of fetal 22q11.2 deletion.
Predicting post‐breakup distress and growth in emerging adulthood: The roles of relationship satisfaction and emotion regulation
Authors: Norona Jerika C. , Scharf Miri , Welsh Deborah P. , Shulman Shmuel 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTWith a sample of emerging adults (N = 110; 72% female) this brief report utilized self‐report measures to examine the role of relationship satisfaction and emotion regulation strategies assessed at age 20 in predicting breakup distress and posttraumatic growth three years later. Results showed that higher relationship satisfaction is associated with less future breakup distress. Emotion regulation explained the ways individuals cope with distress; cognitive appraisal (in contrast to emotional suppression) predicted higher growth after experiencing a breakup. Findings highlight the ways emotion regulation strategies can help emerging adults cope with relational stressors such as breakups.
Neutropenia as a Complication of Tumefactive Demyelinating Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Webb Kali , Osorio Marisa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTumefactive demyelination is an aggressive, localized, generally solitary area of demyelination that often mimics a neoplasm. We present a case of a 13‐year‐old female patient who presented with sudden‐onset progressive hemiplegia and hemianopsia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed tumefactive demyelination with partial rim of enhancement. During inpatient rehabilitation, she developed myalgias, rash, and abdominal and mouth pain with evidence for severe neutropenia. The neutropenia was determined to be a secondary complication of the tumefactive disease process. This scenario may be concerning in an inpatient rehabilitation setting, as patients share common areas, increasing the risk of acquired infection while neutropenic.Level of EvidenceV
Diagnostics of the shape and orientation of a rock failure zone based on electrical measurements as an inverse problem of geophysics
Authors: Sirota D.Yu. , Ivanov V.V. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Exploration geophysics is concerned with the development of methods and techniques for remote search for mineral deposits, solution of various engineering and geological problems, mining monitoring, and diagnostics of zones of rock bursts and natural and technogenic tectonic earthquakes. In this paper, we consider the diagnostic problem of exploration geophysics related to the determination of the shape and inclination angle of a plane source of natural geoelectric field, which, under certain conditions, simulates a rock failure zone, e.g., during the preparation of rock bursts at the sites of developed mineral deposits. This approach may also be useful in determining the shape and size of ore shoots by electrical measurements on the ground surface. Evaluation of the parameters of a rock failure zone is required in the case of accumulation of multiple fractures having charges of the same sign before a catastrophic failure. This problem is formulated as a Fredholm–Urysohn integral equation of the first kind. The solution of the integral equation is sought using the Tikhonov regularization method of the second order.