bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A double‐masked Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) comparing four periodontitis treatment strategies: 5‐year clinical results
Authors: Preus Hans R. , Gjermo Per , Baelum Vibeke 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimTo test the hypothesis of no difference in the 5‐year clinical outcome of therapy between groups of patients treated with conventional over‐weeks scaling and root planing or same‐day full‐mouth‐disinfection, with or without adjunctive metronidazole (MTZ).Materials and MethodsFollowing a three‐month oral hygiene phase, 184 periodontitis patients were randomly allocated to one of four treatment regimens (1) full‐mouth disinfection (FDIS)+ MTZ, (2) FDIS +placebo, (3) scaling and root planing+ MTZ and (4) scaling and root planing+placebo. Following active treatment, patients received biannual maintenance; 161 patients completed the five‐year follow‐up maintenance and examination, where clinical attachment level (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), presence of plaque and bleeding were registered.ResultsMetronidazole increased the highest CAL recording statistically insignificantly by an average of 0.17 mm while FDIS decreased it by an average of 0.12 mm. The corresponding values for the highest PPD were 0.00 and 0.05 mm, respectively.ConclusionWhile single‐level analyses showed statistically significant differences, they could not be confirmed with more appropriate analyses and were too small to recommend MTZ, with its risk of patient side effects and environmental consequences, for the treatment of patients with severe periodontitis.
Robust fluorescent labelling of micropipettes for use in fluorescence microscopy: application to the observation of a mosquito borne parasite infection
Authors: BALABAN AMANDA E. , NEUMAN KEIR , SINNIS PHOTINI , BALABAN ROBERT S. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe ability to monitor micropipette injections with a high‐resolution fluorescent microscope has utility for a variety of applications. Herein, different approaches were tested for creating broad‐band fluorescently labelled glass micropipettes including: UV cured glass glues, baked glass enamel containing fluorescent dyes as well as nanodiamonds attached during pipette formation in the microforge. The most robust and simplest approach was to use labelled baked enamel on the exterior of the pipette. This approach was tested using pipettes designed to mimic a mosquito proboscis for the injection of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium spp., into the dermis of a living mouse ear. The pipette (∼30 micron diameter) was easily detected in the microscopy field of view and tolerated multiple insertions through the skin. This simple inexpensive approach to fluorescently labelling micropipettes will aid in the development of procedures under the fluorescent microscope.
Ulinastatin inhibited sepsis‐induced spinal inflammation to alleviate peripheral neuromuscular dysfunction in an experimental rat model of neuromyopathy
Authors: Xie Fei , Min Su , Chen Jingyuan , Yang Jun , Wang Xin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSepsis initiates a neuroinflammatory cascade that contributes to spinal cord inflammation and behavioral impairment, and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an important mediator of this cascade. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that ulinastatin (ULI) inhibits sepsis‐induced spinal inflammation to alleviate peripheral neuromuscular dysfunction through the TLR4/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/NF‐κB signaling pathway. Muscular function, spinal cord water content, and cytokine levels of spinal cord were tested in TLR4‐inhibited rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The normal rats were intrathecally injected with different concentrations of ULI or normal saline 60 min before CLP. At 24 h after CLP, the activation of microglia/macrophage was detected by immunofluorescence staining; and the cytokines were assayed by ELISA. The protein expression level of the TLR4 and its downstream effectors (MyD88 and NF‐κB), the neuregulin‐1, and the γ‐ and α7‐nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was measured using western blotting. The protein expression of TLR4 in the spinal cord reached a maximum at 24 h post‐CLP. Compared to the sham rats, the TLR4‐inhibited rats showed attenuated functional impairment and cytokine release. ULI (5000 U/kg ) treatment pre‐CLP significantly reduced the number of TLR4‐positive microglia/macrophages as well as inflammatory mediator release in septic rats. Furthermore, the levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF‐κB and the expression level of γ‐/α7‐nicotinic acetylcholine receptors also decreased after ULI treatment. ULI administration may improve patient outcome by reducing the spinal inflammation through a mechanism involving the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB signaling in sepsis.
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Role of theGM1 ganglioside oligosaccharide portion in the TrkA‐dependent neurite sprouting in neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Chiricozzi Elena , Pomè Diego Yuri , Maggioni Margherita , Di Biase Erika , Parravicini Chiara , Palazzolo Luca , Loberto Nicoletta , Eberini Ivano , Sonnino Sandro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGM1 ganglioside (II3NeuAc‐Gg4Cer) is known to promote neurite formation in neuroblastoma cells by activating TrkA‐MAPKpathway. The molecular mechanism by whichGM1 is involved in the neurodifferentiation process is still unknown, however,in vitroandin vivoevidences have suggested that the oligosaccharide portion of this ganglioside could be involved. Here, we report that, similarly to the entireGM1 molecule, its oligosaccharideII3NeuAc‐Gg4,rather than its ceramide (Cer) portion is responsible for the neurodifferentiation process by augmenting neurite elongation and increasing the neurofilament protein expression in murine neuroblastoma cells, Neuro2a. Conversely, asialo‐GM1,GM2 andGM3 oligosaccharides are not effective in neurite elongation on Neuro2a cells, whereas the effect exerted by the Fuc‐GM1 oligosaccharide (IV2αFucII3Neu5Ac‐Gg4) is similar to that exerted byGM1 oligosaccharide. The neurotrophic properties ofGM1 oligosaccharide are exerted by activating the TrkA receptor and the following phosphorylation cascade. By photolabeling experiments performed with a nitrophenylazide containingGM1 oligosaccharide, labeled with tritium, we showed a direct interaction between theGM1 oligosaccharide and the extracellular domain of TrkA receptor. Moreover, molecular docking analyses confirmed thatGM1 oligosaccharide binds the TrkA‐nerve growth factor complex leading to a binding free energy of approx. −11.5 kcal/mol, acting as a bridge able to increase and stabilize the TrkA‐nerve growth factor molecular interactions.image
Protection of melatonin in experimental models of newborn hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury through MT1 receptor
Authors: Sinha Bharati , Wu Qiaofeng , Li Wei , Tu Yanyang , Sirianni Ana C. , Chen Yanchun , Jiang Jiying , Zhang Xinmu , Chen Wu , Zhou Shuanhu , Reiter Russel J. , Manning Simon M. , Patel Nirav J. , Aziz‐Sultan Ali M. , Inder Terrie E. , Friedlander Robert M. , Fu Jianfang , Wang Xin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe function of melatonin as a protective agent against newborn hypoxic‐ischemic (H‐I) brain injury is not yet well studied, and the mechanisms by which melatonin causes neuroprotection in neurological diseases are still evolving. This study was designed to investigate whether expression of MT1 receptors is reduced in newborn H‐I brain injury and whether the protective action of melatonin is by alterations of the MT1 receptors. We demonstrated that there was significant reduction in MT1 receptors in ischemic brain of mouse pups in vivo following H‐I brain injury and that melatonin offers neuroprotection through upregulation of MT1 receptors. The role of MT1 receptors was further supported by observation of increased mortality in MT1 knockout mice following H‐I brain injury and the reversal of the inhibitory role of melatonin on mitochondrial cell death pathways by the melatonin receptor antagonist, luzindole. These data demonstrate that melatonin mediates its neuroprotective effect in mouse models of newborn H‐I brain injury, at least in part, by the restoration of MT1 receptors, the inhibition of mitochondrial cell death pathways and the suppression of astrocytic and microglial activation.
Resistance training does not alter same‐day sleep architecture in institutionalized older adults
Authors: Herrick Jeffrey E. , Puri Shipra , Richards Kathy C. 
Published: August 2017

SummarySleep disturbance is a common symptom in institutionalized older adults that reduces their quality of life and may contribute to progression of cognitive impairment. While we found that a 7‐week combination of resistance training, walking and social activity significantly improved sleep in institutionalized older adults compared with a usual care control group, no one to our knowledge has determined the acute effects of resistance training on same‐day sleep in this population. Given the effort required to promote exercise adherence in institutionalized older adults and to obtain a positive training effect, understanding of the acute effects of resistance training on same‐day sleep architecture should be elucidated, especially with respect to unintended consequences. This secondary data analysis assessed if resistance training altered the same‐day sleep architecture in institutionalized older adults. Forty‐three participants (age 81.5 ± 8.1 years, male = 17, female = 26) had two attended overnight polysomnography tests in their rooms for sleep architecture analysis; one polysomnography with same‐day resistance training, one without any resistance training. Resistance training consisted of chest and leg press exercises (three sets, eight repetitions, 80% predicted one‐repetition maximum). There were no significant changes in sleep architecture between either polysomnography nights; sleep efficiency (P = 0.71), time in non‐rapid eye movement stages (P = 0.50), time in rapid eye movement stages (P = 0.14), time awake (P = 0.56), time until sleep onset (P = 0.47), total sleep stage shifts (P = 0.65) or rapid eye movement sleep stage latency (P = 0.57). Our results show no acute same‐day effects of resistance training on sleep architecture in institutionalized older adults.Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00888706.
Factors Influencing Early Survival and Growth of Laboratory‐reared Pacific Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus orientalis, Larvae
Authors: Tanaka Yosuke , Kumon Kazunori , Higuchi Kentaro , Eba Takeshi , Nishi Akefumi , Nikaido Hideki , Shiozawa Satoshi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe collection of fertilized eggs for mass culture of Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT) relies on the spontaneous spawning of broodstock in captivity, and the spawning season of the broodstock is generally from mid‐May to September. The diameter of fertilized eggs from the broodstock decreases during the spawning season. To investigate the influence of three potential factors, the egg diameter (larger or smaller), the rearing water temperature (25 or 28 C), and the aeration rate during the night (strong or weak), on early survival and on growth of PBT larvae, replicate trials were conducted to assess these three factors until 7 d after hatching (d.a.h.). At 7 d.a.h., survival rates of larvae reared with strong nighttime aeration were found by a three‐way ANOVA to be significantly higher than for larvae reared with weak aeration. Furthermore, growth rates of PBT larvae hatched from larger eggs were significantly faster than those from smaller eggs. However, a significant difference in the survival rate was not detected for the factors, egg diameter and rearing water temperature. The results indicate that rearing with strong nighttime aeration significantly improved the early survival of PBT larvae and the egg diameter (a proxy for egg quality) and influenced growth.
New World Health Organization guidance helps protect breastfeeding as a human right
Authors: Grummer‐Strawn Laurence M. , Zehner Elizabeth , Stahlhofer Marcus , Lutter Chessa , Clark David , Sterken Elisabeth , Harutyunyan Susanna , Ransom Elizabeth I. ,   on behalf of the WHO/UNICEF NetCode
Published: August 2017

AbstractWritten by the WHO/UNICEF NetCode author group, the comment focuses on the need to protect families from promotion of breast‐milk substitutes and highlights new WHO Guidance on Ending Inappropriate Promotion of Foods for Infants and Young Children. The World Health Assembly welcomed this Guidance in 2016 and has called on all countries to adopt and implement the Guidance recommendations. NetCode, the Network for Global Monitoring and Support for Implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breast‐milk Substitutes and Subsequent Relevant World Health Assembly Resolutions, is led by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund. NetCode members include the International Baby Food Action Network, World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action, Helen Keller International, Save the Children, and the WHO Collaborating Center at Metropol University. The comment frames the issue as a human rights issue for women and children, as articulated by a statement from the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa defense systems against microbicidal oxidants
Authors: Groitl Bastian , Dahl Jan‐Ulrik , Schroeder Jeremy W. , Jakob Ursula 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe most abundant oxidants controlling bacterial colonization on mucosal barrier epithelia are hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hypobromous acid (HOBr) and hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN). All three oxidants are highly antimicrobial but little is known about their relative efficacies, their respective cellular targets, or what specific responses they elicit in bacteria. To address these important questions, we directly tested the individual oxidants on the virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA14. We discovered that HOCl and HOBr work almost interchangeably, impacting non‐growing bacterial cultures more significantly than actively growing bacteria, and eliciting similar stress responses, including the heat shock response. HOSCN treatment is distinctly different, affecting primarily actively growing PA14 and evoking stress responses suggestive of membrane damage. What all three oxidants have in common, however, is their ability to cause substantial protein aggregation. This effect became particularly obvious in strains lacking polyphosphate, a newly recognized chemical chaperone. Treatment of PA14 with the FDA‐approved anti‐inflammatory drug mesalamine, which has recently been shown to attenuate polyP production in a wide range of bacteria, effectively decreased the resistance of PA14 toward all three oxidants, suggesting that we have discovered a novel, targetable defense system in P. aeruginosa.
Exogenous serotonin regulates colorectal motility via the 5‐HT2 and 5‐HT3 receptors in the spinal cord of rats
Authors: Nakamori H. , Naitou K. , Sano Y. , Shimaoka H. , Shiina T. , Shimizu Y. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe previously reported that intrathecal injection of noradrenaline or dopamine causes enhancement of colorectal motility. As these monoamines are neurotransmitters of descending pain inhibitory pathways in the spinal cord, we hypothesized that serotonin, which is one of the neurotransmitters involved in descending pain inhibition, also influences the lumbosacral defecation center. Therefore, we examined whether serotonin acting on the spinal defecation center enhances colorectal motility.MethodsColorectal intraluminal pressure and propelled liquid volume were recorded in vivo in anesthetized rats.Key ResultsIntrathecal injection of serotonin into the L6‐S1 spinal cord elicited periodic increases in colorectal intraluminal pressure, being associated with increases in liquid output. Pharmacological experiments revealed that the effect of serotonin is mediated by both 5‐HT2 and 5‐HT3 receptors. The serotonin‐induced enhancement of colorectal motility was unaffected even after disconnection of the defecation center from supraspinal regions by cutting the T8 spinal cord, while transection of the parasympathetic pelvic nerves prevented the colokinetic effect of serotonin. Finally, we investigated interactions among serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine. Simultaneous administration of sub‐effective doses of these monoamine neurotransmitters into the spinal cord caused propulsive colorectal motility slightly but substantially.Conclusions and InferencesThese results demonstrate that exogenous serotonin acts on 5‐HT2 and 5‐HT3 receptors in the lumbosacral defecation center and activates the parasympathetic nervous system to enhance colorectal motility in cooperation with noradrenaline and dopamine.
Nanobody‐mediated resistance to Grapevine fanleaf virus in plants
Authors: Hemmer Caroline , Djennane Samia , Ackerer Léa , Hleibieh Kamal , Marmonier Aurélie , Gersch Sophie , Garcia Shahinez , Vigne Emmanuelle , Komar Véronique , Perrin Mireille , Gertz Claude , Belval Lorène , Berthold François , Monsion Baptiste , Schmitt‐Keichinger Corinne , Lemaire Olivier , Lorber Bernard , Gutiérrez Carlos , Muyldermans Serge , Demangeat Gérard , Ritzenthaler Christophe 
Published: August 2017

SummarySince their discovery, single‐domain antigen‐binding fragments of camelid‐derived heavy‐chain‐only antibodies, also known as nanobodies (Nbs), have proven to be of outstanding interest as therapeutics against human diseases and pathogens including viruses, but their use against phytopathogens remains limited. Many plant viruses including Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), a nematode‐transmitted icosahedral virus and causal agent of fanleaf degenerative disease, have worldwide distribution and huge burden on crop yields representing billions of US dollars of losses annually, yet solutions to combat these viruses are often limited or inefficient. Here, we identified a Nb specific to GFLV that confers strong resistance to GFLV upon stable expression in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana and also in grapevine rootstock, the natural host of the virus. We showed that resistance was effective against a broad range of GFLV isolates independently of the inoculation method including upon nematode transmission but not against its close relative, Arabis mosaic virus. We also demonstrated that virus neutralization occurs at an early step of the virus life cycle, prior to cell‐to‐cell movement. Our findings will not only be instrumental to confer resistance to GFLV in grapevine, but more generally they pave the way for the generation of novel antiviral strategies in plants based on Nbs.
Neurological comorbidity in children with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Hirabaru Keiko , Matsuo Muneaki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the frequency of central nervous system comorbidities in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).MethodsWe performed a nationwide survey to investigate neurological comorbidities in 3–15‐year‐old children with NF1 in Japan by sending questionnaires to pediatricians and pediatric neurologists. A secondary questionnaire was sent to the parents of identified NF1 patients to assess neurological comorbidities including headache, attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale (RS), and the Social Responsiveness Scale 2.ResultsThe primary survey identified 760 NF1 patients, and the parents of 565 patients were sent the secondary questionnaire. The parental response rate was 25.7% (145; 63 girls, 81 boys, one unspecified). Among the patients, 42.9% (55/128; 35 girls, 20 boys) were reported to exhibit intellectual problems. On the ADHD‐RS, 40.2% (47/117) of NF1 patients aged 6–15 had ADHD (RS score >93rd percentile), with a rate of 47.7% in boys and 30.8% in girls. Furthermore, 20.2% of patients had suspected autism spectrum disorder (29/143; 10 girls, 19 boys), with Social Responsiveness Scale score ≥76. Headache was reported by 49.6% (61/123) of children over 5 years old, and 25.2% (31/123; 10 girls, 21 boys) reported migraine. Other neurological comorbidities included 20 cases of epilepsy (13.8%), 11 cases of optic nerve glioma (7.6%), five cases of brain tumor (3.4%), six cases of cerebrovascular disease (4.1%), and two cases of hydrocephalus (1.4%).ConclusionIntellectual problems, ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, and migraine are major neurological comorbidities in NF1.
Physiological condition and wing pigmentation expression in a damselfly with seasonal polyphenism
Authors: Castaños Clara E. , Córdoba‐Aguilar Alex , Munguía‐Steyer Roberto 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSecondary sexual traits can be indicators of individual condition that may present seasonal polyphenism as a result of the differential costs of expression along the season. Wing spots in male damselflies of the Calopterygidae family are secondary sexual traits associated with intrasexual competition and mate choice. Hetaerina titia Drury is a calopterygid damselfly where males show red and black wing spots, contrasting with other species of the genus whose males only express a red wing spot. In the present study, we evaluate the seasonal variation of the expression of male's red and black wing spots and their allometric patterns. Additionally, we measure male condition in the form of proteins, lipids, soluble carbohydrates and glycogen in early and late seasons. Black wing spots present higher variation than red wing spots and males of the late season are more pigmented. Allometry is positive for wing red spot in the early season and for black spot in the late season. Males of the late season present a higher concentration of proteins, soluble carbohydrates and glycogen, although there is no variation in the lipid content. The results of the present study suggest that, in H. titia males, black pigmentation replaces the function of the red pigmentation to signal condition. Both traits, however, may be heavily affected by environmental situations (e.g. food availability).
A High‐dimensional Focused Information Criterion
Authors: Gueuning Thomas , Claeskens Gerda 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe focused information criterion for model selection is constructed to select the model that best estimates a particular quantity of interest, the focus, in terms of mean squared error. We extend this focused selection process to the high‐dimensional regression setting with potentially a larger number of parameters than the size of the sample. We distinguish two cases: (i) the case where the considered submodel is of low dimension and (ii) the case where it is of high dimension. In the former case, we obtain an alternative expression of the low‐dimensional focused information criterion that can directly be applied. In the latter case, we use a desparsified estimator that allows us to derive the mean squared error of the focus estimator. We illustrate the performance of the high‐dimensional focused information criterion with a numerical study and a real dataset.
Sheath fold development in monoclinic shear zones
Authors: Adamuszek Marta , Dabrowski Marcin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe use numerical simulations to investigate the evolution of sheath folds around slip surfaces in simple‐shear‐dominated monoclinic shear zones. A variety of sheath fold shapes develops under general shear, including tubular folds with low aspect ratio eye patterns and tongue‐like structures showing bivergent flanking structures in sections normal to the sheath elongation, which may potentially lead to confusing shear sense interpretations. Not all investigated monoclinic flow end‐members lead to the development of sheath folds sensu stricto (folds with apical angle <90°). The aspect ratio of the eye patterns, Ryz, correlates with the ratio between the principal strain in the Y‐direction and the smaller of the principal strains in the X–Z plane, and thus it could be used in strain analysis.