bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Resolution and Deracemization of Racemic Amines Using a Reductive Aminase
Authors: Aleku Godwin A. , Mangas‐Sanchez Juan , Citoler Joan , France Scott P. , Montgomery Sarah L. , Heath Rachel S. , Thompson Matthew P. , Turner Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe NADP(H)‐dependent reductive aminase from Aspergillus oryzae (AspRedAm) was combined with an NADPH oxidase (NOX) to develop a redox system that recycles the co‐factor. The AspRedAm‐NOX system was applied initially for the kinetic resolution of a variety of racemic secondary and primary amines to yield S‐configured amines with enantiomeric excess (ee) values up to 99 %. The addition of ammonia borane to this system enabled the efficient deracemization of racemic amines, including the pharmaceutical drug rasagiline and the natural product salsolidine, with conversions up to >98 % and >99 % ee Furthermore, by using the AspRedAm W210A variant it was possible to generate the opposite R enantiomers with efficiency comparable to, or even better than, the wildtype AspRedAm.
Continuous Waste Cooking Oil Transesterification with Microwave Heating and Strontium Oxide Catalyst
Authors: Lee Han , Liao Jiunn-Der , Yang Jung-Wei , Hsu Wen-Dung , Liu Bernard Haochih , Chen Teng-Chien , Sivashanmugan Kundan , Gedanken Aharon 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBiodiesel produced from waste cooking oils (WCOs) mixed with methanol was efficiently transesterified using a continuous fluid flow system with a focused microwave heating device. Strontium oxide (SrO) was added as the catalyst. The factors that most influence the biodiesel conversion rate were first estimated by considering the effects of oil‐to‐methanol ratio, added quantity of SrO, and microwave heating power on reaction time in a built‐in batch unit. The optimal parameter values were then applied to a continuous fluid flow system, which simulates the conversion of a scaled‐up quantity of WCOs into biodiesel. Under the optimum fluid flow velocity and an appropriate output temperature, a biodiesel conversion rate of ca. 93 % was reached, associated with the decomposition of ester bonds and the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate substance during the reaction.
Seasonal patterns of acute and recurrent idiopathic pericarditis
Authors: Hammer Yoav , Bishara Jihad , Eisen Alon , Iakobishvili Zaza , Kornowski Ran , Mager Aviv 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundIdiopathic pericarditis is presumed to result from viral infection. The incidence rates of some viral infections have typical seasonal patterns. The data in the literature on a possible seasonal pattern of acute pericarditis are very limited. The mechanism and possible seasonality of recurrent episodes are not well established .HypothesisThe incidence of acute idiopathic pericarditis has a seasonal pattern.MethodsThe computerized database of a tertiary, university‐affiliated hospital was searched for all patients admitted with a first episode of acute idiopathic pericarditis between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2015. Patients for whom a nonviral etiology for the pericarditis was identified were excluded.ResultsThe final cohort included 175 patients (75% male) ages 19 to 86 years (median = 50.0 ± 18.2 years). The incidence of the disease was twice as high during the colder half of the year (October–March) than the warmer half, peaking in the first quarter (January–March, P = 0.001). This first‐quarter peak was observed in each of the 6 years examined. Comparison of the patients who acquired pericarditis during peak and nonpeak quarters yielded no differences in baseline characteristics, peak body temperature, white blood cell count, C‐reactive protein level, or frequency of myocardial involvement or liver enzyme elevation. No seasonal pattern was identified for recurrent episodes of pericarditis (n = 57).ConclusionsAcute idiopathic pericarditis appears to have a seasonal pattern with a distinct late winter peak. No seasonal pattern was identified for recurrent episodes.
Scheduling approaches in beacon‐enabled mode for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Alghamdi Bandar Ali , Ayaida Marwane , Fouchal Hacene 
Published: September 2017

SummaryEfficient energy consumption is the most important challenge in wireless sensors networks. Many solutions have been proposed since many years as efficient medium access control protocols, smart sensing applications, appropriate task scheduling, and so on. Task scheduling allows could participate to optimise energy consumption, it aims to propose planning over repetitive time periods where sensors need to sleep, to collect data and to communicate. In this paper, we propose two scheduling procedures (semi‐dynamic and dynamic) which are executed over the ZigBee network in beacon‐enabled mode. Each of these algorithms has its own features and advantages. The Zigbee super‐frame is used as a means to inform each node on its duties (when to sleep or when to communicate). In order to evaluate our proposals, we have implemented them over TelosB motes running on operating system TinyOS. These algorithms have been implemented on the Z‐Monitor tool . We have compared our scheduling approaches to the usual static scheduling method provided by Zigbee. These evaluations show that our proposals enhance network lifetime and ensure better packet data rate and lower latency. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1,10‐Phenanthroline Ruthenium(II) Complexes as Model Systems in the Search for High‐Performing Triplet Photosensitisers: Addressing Ligand versus Metal Effects
Authors: Lu Yue , Conway‐Kenny Robert , Twamley Brendan , McGoldrick Niamh , Zhao Jianzhang , Draper Sylvia M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA series of RuII complexes containing extended 1,10‐phenanthroline ligands with triphenylamine (TPA) and/or pyrene as light‐harvesting chromophores, were synthesised and investigated in triplet photosensitising applications. “Chemistry‐on‐the‐complex” methods were employed using Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions. Tunable absorption and triplet lifetimes were achieved depending on the type and number of the chromophores. Intense absorption in the visible region was common to the generated complexes. Those RuII complexes containing only TPA appendages showed much shorter triplet lifetimes (τT<0.6 μs) than those containing pyrene (τT up to 148 μs). The complexes were explored as triplet photosensitisers for singlet‐oxygen (1O2) photosensitisation and triplet–triplet annihilation based upconversion applications. The best performing complex, Ru‐5, with a single pyrene chromophore, displayed the highest 1O2 quantum yield (ΦΔ=84.4 %) and an attractive upconversion quantum yield (ΦUC=14.7 %). A comparison of the results with those of analogous IrIII complexes comprising the same large N^N coordinating ligands showed that both sets of complexes exhibit the same ligand‐dependent trends in behaviour. The implication is that synthetically accessible RuII complexes might be effective model systems for predicting those ligand frameworks likely to give the highest performing IrIII‐based triplet photosensitisers.
Fuel Production from Seawater and Fuel Cells Using Seawater
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Lee Yong‐Min , Nam Wonwoo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSeawater is the most abundant resource on our planet and fuel production from seawater has the notable advantage that it would not compete with growing demands for pure water. This Review focuses on the production of fuels from seawater and their direct use in fuel cells. Electrolysis of seawater under appropriate conditions affords hydrogen and dioxygen with 100 % faradaic efficiency without oxidation of chloride. Photoelectrocatalytic production of hydrogen from seawater provides a promising way to produce hydrogen with low cost and high efficiency. Microbial solar cells (MSCs) that use biofilms produced in seawater can generate electricity from sunlight without additional fuel because the products of photosynthesis can be utilized as electrode reactants, whereas the electrode products can be utilized as photosynthetic reactants. Another important source for hydrogen is hydrogen sulfide, which is abundantly found in Black Sea deep water. Hydrogen produced by electrolysis of Black Sea deep water can also be used in hydrogen fuel cells. Production of a fuel and its direct use in a fuel cell has been made possible for the first time by a combination of photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide from seawater and dioxygen in the air and its direct use in one‐compartment hydrogen peroxide fuel cells to obtain electric power.
Hessian‐based quantitative image analysis of host‐pathogen confrontation assays
Authors: Cseresnyes Zoltan , Kraibooj Kaswara , Figge Marc Thilo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHost‐fungus interactions have gained a lot of interest in the past few decades, mainly due to an increasing number of fungal infections that are often associated with a high mortality rate in the absence of effective therapies. These interactions can be studied at the genetic level or at the functional level via imaging. Here, we introduce a new image processing method that quantifies the interaction between host cells and fungal invaders, for example, alveolar macrophages and the conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus. The new technique relies on the information content of transmitted light bright field microscopy images, utilizing the Hessian matrix eigenvalues to distinguish between unstained macrophages and the background, as well as between macrophages and fungal conidia. The performance of the new algorithm was measured by comparing the results of our method with that of an alternative approach that was based on fluorescence images from the same dataset. The comparison shows that the new algorithm performs very similarly to the fluorescence‐based version. Consequently, the new algorithm is able to segment and characterize unlabeled cells, thus reducing the time and expense that would be spent on the fluorescent labeling in preparation for phagocytosis assays. By extending the proposed method to the label‐free segmentation of fungal conidia, we will be able to reduce the need for fluorescence‐based imaging even further. Our approach should thus help to minimize the possible side effects of fluorescence labeling on biological functions. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Comparison of Demagnetization Curve of Nd‐Fe‐B Magnets Measured with Various Magnetization Measurement Systems
Authors: HAYASHI YUKI 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYThe magnetic properties of Nd‐Fe‐B magnets with 0.5 mm and 1 mm cubes in size were measured with a vibrating sample magnetometer equipped with high‐temperature superconducting magnet (VSM_HSC). With the VSM_HSC, high sweep speed and high accuracy in magnetization measurement were achieved. Furthermore, magnetic properties of Nd‐Fe‐B magnets were measured with the VSM_HSC, pulsed field magnetometer, and a permeameter. It was found that the squareness of demagnetization curves appeared depending on the measurement systems.
An Automatic Classification Method for Involuntary and Two Types of Voluntary Blinks
Authors: SATO HIRONOBU , ABE KIYOHIKO , OHI SHOICHI , OHYAMA MINORU 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYInput systems using eye blinks have been proposed. A main purpose of these systems is communication aid for the severely disabled. For employing eye blinks as a command input, these input systems need to detect voluntary (conscious) blinks. We developed a measurement method for variation in pixels of open‐eye area from an image sequence. This measurement method enables us to extract blinking waver patterns. We previously proposed an automatic classification method between one type of voluntary blinks and involuntary (unconscious) blinks. If the type of classifiable voluntary blinks increase, we can assign an individual command to each type. Applying this blink type classification to a human–computer interface will improve the efficiency when inputting commands. In this paper, we introduce a new type of voluntary blinks to increase classifiable blink type. In addition, our classification method is extended for automatic classification between two types of voluntary blinks and involuntary blinks. This new classification method is realized by two blink type determinations based on wave pattern parameters that we employ. We clarify proper parameter combinations for the new classification method. Using these proper parameter combinations, we achieved approximately 95% classification rates for 10 subjects.
Performance Verification of Underwater Crawling Swimming Robot with Attitude Changing Function
Authors: MORI HAYATO , KIKUCHI TOSHIKAZU 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYIn this paper, we describe an underwater robot with three movement functions: (1) swimming, (2) crawling on a floor, and (3) climbing on a wall. These functions help the robot avoid obstacles and thus improve its ability to access narrow spaces. The swimming stability of the robot is also improved by increasing the distance between the center of gravity and the center of buoyancy. We propose a simple attitude control technique for making the robot adhere to a wall after it is rotated by thrusters. Attitude control is realized by sequence control, and appropriate control parameters are determined by considering the control disturbance and stability of the robot. We confirm experimentally that the robot swims stably and adhere to a vertical wall by virtue of the simple sequence control.
Integration of Incinerator Plants and Utilization of Forest Biomass on the Basis of FIT
Authors: SUGAHARA HIDEO , KAMATA NAOKI , TODA YUSUKE , KATO MASAKAZU , AIHARA KAZUYUKI 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYFeed‐in tariff (FIT) has been enforced in order to promote the utilization of renewable energy since 2012 in Japan. In consideration of FIT, we propose an integration plan for incinerator plants (IPs) with highly efficient power generation for the whole area of a prefecture. The plan includes disposal of forest biomass using the reserve capacity of IPs. The model prefecture's population is set to 1,200,000 and the proportion of the forested area is set to 70% of the model area based on data for northeastern Japan. The present 16 IPs are integrated into three new IPs. A relay transportation (RT) facility for waste is located at a decommissioned IP, and the waste from the area is transported to the new IP. In order to calculate the RT costs, an approximation formula for the RT distance is estimated via the IPs integration study. The plan will realize about 37% cost reduction and 1.8‐fold CO2 reduction including RT as compared to the plan to update the current IP situation. Forest biomass of 56,500 tons per year, which is about 43% of available forest biomass volume in the model prefecture, can be disposed of at new IPs. On the other hand, enough profit is not expected from the dedicated biomass power generation plant as a result of wood chip processing fees. The plan will help to develop local forestry.
The Circuit Analysis and Performance Evaluation of an Hc Type Magnetic Coupling Contactless Power Transformer that is Compatible with Both Solenoid and Circular Type Transformers
Authors: YAMADA JUN , SHIMIZU RYOTARO , KOBAYASHI RYOTA , KANEKO YASUYOSHI 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYThere are two types of the transformers in a contactless power transfer system: solenoid type (H‐shaped) and circular type transformers. These two types of transformers are not compatible because their magnetic field structures are different. An Hc type transformer that is compatible with both transformer types has been proposed. The Hc type receiver adds a central magnetic pole by dividing the winding coil of the H‐shaped receiver. The Hc type receiver can change the magnetic field structure by changing the connections of the divided windings and can receive power from both types of transmitters. In this study, we conducted a circuit analysis and evaluated the performance of the Hc type transformer.
Preoperative ultraviolet B inflammation in skin: Modelling individual differences in acute postoperative pain and neuro‐immune interactions
Authors: Lunn T.H. , Dawes J.M. , Denk F. , Bennett D.L. , Husted H. , Kehlet H. , McMahon S.B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundNeuroimmune interactions play a vital role in many of the most common pain conditions, such as arthritis. There have been many attempts to derive clinically predictive information from an individual's inflammatory response in order to gauge subsequent pain perception.ObjectivesHere, we wanted to test whether this effort could be enhanced and complemented by the use of a model system which takes into account the function of not just circulating, but also tissue‐resident immune cells: ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation of the skin.MethodsWe conducted psychophysical and transcriptional analysis of hyperalgesia arising as a result of UVB‐induced inflammation in patients before total knee arthroplasty (TKA, n = 23). Levels of acute postoperative pain were assessed and correlated with preoperative data.ResultsCytokine and chemokine responses after UVB irradiation were found to be inversely correlated with the level of pain experienced after surgery (Spearman's ρ = −0.498).ConclusionIt may be possible to use this simple model to study and predict the nature of neuro‐immune responses at more remote, clinically relevant sites.SignificanceA simple model of UVB inflammation in the skin might predict the degree of a patient's neuro‐immune response and the extent of their postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty.
Preparation, Thermophysical Studies, and Corrosion Analysis of a Stable Capric Acid/Cetyl Alcohol Binary Eutectic Phase Change Material for Cold Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Veerakumar Chinnasamy , Sreekumar Appukuttan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study focuses on the preparation, thermophysical properties, and corrosion analysis of a stable capric acid/cetyl alcohol eutectic phase‐change material (PCM) for application in the thermal comfort of buildings. Differential scanning calorimetry is used to investigate the thermal properties of the prepared eutectic PCM, and the results show that the eutectic composition of 70 % capric acid and 30 % cetyl alcohol was suitable for low‐temperature thermal energy storage as it had melting and freezing temperatures of 22.89 and 11.97 °C, respectively. The latent heats of melting and freezing of the eutectic PCM are 144.92 and 145.85 J g−1, respectively. The changes in the melting point and latent heat of the eutectic mixtures over continuous charging/discharging cycles are presented. The accelerated thermal cycling test and FTIR spectra show that the prepared eutectic PCM has a good thermal stability over 1000 thermal cycles. Moreover, corrosion compatibility tests for Cu, Al, and stainless steel 316 samples with the prepared eutectic PCM are discussed, and recommendations for the use of the PCM in the operational environment are presented.
Human neutrophils show decreased survival upon long‐term exposure to clozapine
Authors: Goto Aya , Yoshimi Akira , Nagai Tomoko , Ukigai Mako , Mouri Akihiro , Ozaki Norio , Noda Yukihiro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveClozapine is an atypical antipsychotic prescribed for treatment‐resistant schizophrenic patients, but treatment with clozapine is strictly limited because it can induce lethal‐hematologic side effects. We investigated the effects of short‐ and long‐term exposure of human neutrophils derived from healthy subjects to clozapine and compared them with the effects of reactive metabolite of clozapine, olanzapine, and doxorubicin.MethodsNeutrophils were exposed to clozapine and olanzapine (1, 10, 50, or 100 μM), reactive metabolite of clozapine (50 or 100 μM), or doxorubicin (0.2 μM) and cultured for a short (2 hr) or long (24 or 48 hr) duration, and then the survival rate of neutrophils was calculated.ResultsDecreased human neutrophil survival was observed in short‐term exposure to clozapine (100 μM) and long‐term exposure to clozapine even at a lower concentration (50 μM). A similar phenomenon was observed in reactive metabolite of clozapine and long‐term exposure to doxorubicin (0.2 μM), but not to olanzapine (1–100 μM).ConclusionsThe effect of long‐term exposure to clozapine on neutrophil survival is plausibly associated with delayed onset of agranulocytosis after initial exposure. Our results suggest that human neutrophils are vulnerable to clozapine and its reactive metabolite in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner.
Impaired Phosphate Tolerance Revealed With an Acute Oral Challenge
Authors: Turner Mandy E , White Christine A , Hopman Wilma M , Ward Emilie C , Jeronimo Paul S , Adams Michael A , Holden Rachel M 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Elevated serum phosphate is consistently linked with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and mortality in the setting of normal and impaired kidney function. However, serum phosphate does not often exceed the upper limit of normal until glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls below 30 mL/min/m2. It was hypothesized that the response to an oral, bioavailable phosphate load will unmask impaired phosphate tolerance, a maladaptation not revealed by baseline serum phosphate concentrations. In this study, rats with varying kidney function as well as normo-phosphatemic human subjects, with inulin-measured GFR (13.2 to 128.3mL/min), received an oral phosphate load. Hormonal and urinary responses were evaluated over 2 hours. Results revealed that the more rapid elevation of serum phosphate was associated with subjects and rats with higher levels of kidney function, greater responsiveness to acute changes in parathyroid hormone (PTH), and significantly more urinary phosphate at 2 hours. In humans, increases in urinary phosphate to creatinine ratio did not correlate with baseline serum phosphate concentrations but did correlate strongly to early increase of serum phosphate. The blunted rise in serum phosphate in rats with CKD was not the result of altered absorption. This result suggests acute tissue deposition may be altered in the setting of kidney function impairment. Early recognition of impaired phosphate tolerance could translate to important interventions, such as dietary phosphate restriction or phosphate binders, being initiated at much higher levels of kidney function than is current practice. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.