bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Resource Potential Based on 3D Basin Modeling of Bagenov Fm. Hydrocarbon System
Authors: Morozov N. , Belenkaya I. , Kasyanenko A. , Bodryagin S. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Addition to hydrocarbon reserves (HC) from the Bazhenov Formation in Western Siberia is evident and confirmed by commercial oil inflows.
Presently, a number of projects aimed at the study of oil and gas potential of Bazhenov Formation (Bzh. fm.) at the regional, zonal, and local levels is developing in Gazpromneft Company.
In 2012, as a part of the regional assessment of the Bzh. fm. deposits, the area was ranked according to the petroleum potential. Later on 2015, as a continuation of the project, a 3D basin model of Bzh. fm. system (unique by its size and quantity of input data) was built to establish the criteria for a comprehensive assessment of petroleum potential of the area. The geochemical parametres was used for the 3D model calibration.
Despite the significant potential and the oil inflows from the Bzh. fm. deposits, any detailed prospectivity assessment of the total area has not been done.
A large complex of actual data and studies including 10 wells core pluggings, full set of geochemical studies involving pyrolitic (1,200 samples), chromatographic (60 samples) (GC), and gas chromatography-spectrometry analysis (60 samples) (GC-MS), bitumen and oils group composition (180 samples) was integrated to the project.
The results of the work allowed understanding of geochemical processes in-situ (primary cracking, secondary cracking, HC adsorption) and the regional scale of HC system developing.
The potential and the in-place reserves of the Bzh. fm. were evaluated of up to 1 trillion tons of HC and 173 billion tons of oil, respectively.
One of the main results was the quantification of the HC adsorption on the kerogen surface. The Rock-Eval analysis of the organic matter (OM) showed that the most of the HC (S1 and S2 peak) are in the adsorbed form. For the Bzh. fm. deposits the amount of adsorbed HC does not exceed 20–25 mg of HCs per g/rock. The results obtained allowed to adjust the resource evaluation of the HC potential and to estimate the in-place reserves, and to rank the adsorbed HC as non-recoverable.
Taking into account the results of the geochemical analysis, and using the basin modeling technology, maps for different types of HC distribution within the Bzh. fm. were built for the entire area.
Thermal history of the basin was reconstructed based on published data (Kurchikov et al., 1987) corrected in respect of mesuared BHT data. Integration of the geochemical data and the 3D basin modeling tool allowed for Bzh. fm potential the additional evaluating parameter to be invented. This parameter is based on physical and chemical HC fluid composition.
Domanik Shale Oil: Unlocking Potential
Authors: Gabnasyrov A. V. , Lyadova N. A. , Putilov I. S. , Solovyev S. I. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The main purpose of the work is evaluation of the potential of oil source rocks of the Domanik age in the Volga-Ural and Timan-Pechora oil and gas provinces as a unconventional hydrocarbon source on the basis of generalization of the materials of earlier completed and new standard and special core studies. The maps of the content and maturity of organic matter were built, the lithological composition of the Domanik horizon was evaluated, and the comparative evaluation of the domanikite parameters at the commercially developed fields of the USA and Canada was performed.
Approaches to the Analysis of Spectral Decomposition for the Purpose of Detailed Geological Interpretation
Authors: Butorin A. V. , Krasnov F. V. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article considers qualitative and quantitative interpretation of spectral decomposition results on the basis of a deposit in Western Siberia. Spectral decomposition as a method of time-frequency analysis is getting extensively used in geophysical during recent years. This fact makes relevant to consider geological structure prediction algorithms on spectral amplitude characteristics. The study proposes a new approach to the interpretation of spectral data – frequency pseudo-cube, which on the one hand allows to optimize interpretation process, on the other hand, allows to use new analysis technics such as principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Approaches to interpretation discussed on a single case that allows to perform a comparative analysis of the methods and to determine the most informative one within particular subject of study.
Interpreted RGB Volumes of Spectral Decomposition on Example of Detailed Analysis of the Complicated Objects of Achimov Formation
Authors: Popov Mikhail , Barancev Alexey 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
RGB summation is widely used in the industry to visualize spectral decomposition results. Special visualization techniques are used to obtain RGB images, but a wide range of interpretation tools is generally not available for RGB objects. This paper proposes a method to construct interpreted RGB volumes using standard visualization tools, significantly improving analysis efficiency and detail level; it provides an example of the application of the method for the exploration of productive formations of the Achimov deposit.
Successful Experience of Estimating Injection Flow Profile in Horizontal Wells Completed with Multistage Fracs in Conventional Reservoirs Using CT Conveyed Distributed Temperature Sensing
Authors: Malanya G. , Butula K. , Burdin K. , Khaziev M. , Kuzmin S. , Kaeshkov I. , Kremenetskiy M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This paper describes an alternative method and successful experience of performed Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) survey in non-cemented horizontal wells completed with multi-stage hydraulic fractures (HW-MSF). An optical fiber located inside coiled tubing (CT) has been used as a temperature sensor that continuously recorded temperature changes along the wellbore to identify fracture positions in the horizontal injection part of the well. More than ten DTS surveys in three HW-MSF were run before, during and after re-fracturing (re-frac) treatments in which special chemicals were used to divert new hydraulic fractures from the existing propped fractures. The DTS survey included the acquisition of temperature at three different stages: during a shut-in period recording a baseline, during an injection test to record the injection profile and during warm-back period to allocate zones (fractures) of flow behind the installed liner.
3D Log Interpretation in Horizontal Wells Using Example of Neocomian Age Formation of Western Siberia
Authors: Bokarev A. Y. , Mingazov A. N. , Ismagilov A. T. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
To increase the efficiency of field development, more and more wells are drilled with horizontal or high angle section at the end (HAHZ). Despite this, well logging data analysis is based on methodic and models developed using data from vertical and slant wells with relatively low inclination angle. Although it works well for vertical wells, it does not take into account geometric effects associated with high angle of drilling where wells are drilled almost parallel to formation layers. That often leads ambiguities while logging data analysis and formation evaluation in HAHZ wells compared to low angle wells. This fact does not allow using logging data from horizontal wells for geological and hydrodynamic models, which reduces its credibility.
The paper describes uncertainties that exist when using conventional processing and interpretation techniques in horizontal wells and their causes. For demonstration purpose, the paper uses an example from real well XX04, which has been drilled horizontally in complex environment in one of the field of Western Siberia region of Russia.
Azimuthal measurements application together with advanced modeling software packages enable more reliable estimation of well length exposed to reservoir, spatial position of its boundaries and essential reservoir properties, such as porosity and saturation. As a result, the geological model may be refined locally.
A Well Log Identification Method of Complex Carbonate Reservoir Lithotypes and Lithofacies: A Case Study on Formation Unit B in K Oil Field, Caspian Basin, Kazakhstan
Authors: Yaping Lin , Liangdong Zhao , Liyong Tan , Jiangyuan Yao , Man Luo , Jiping Wang 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Based on cores lab data observation, depositional facies analysis, lithotypes analysis and well logging data, the characteristics of lithotypes and lithofacies of carbonate reservoirs Carboniferous Unit B formation of K oil field in the southern margin of Kazakhstan Caspian basin are described and summarized, the identification standards of lithotypes and lithofacies by using well logging are established. The main lithofacies in Unit B formation carbonate reservoir were classified into 6 types: compacted limestone, grainstone, reef limestone, wackestone/packstone, marlstone and mudstone. The lithotypes and lithofacies in Unit B formation in K oil field were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively by conventional logging and imaging logging and other methods. The discriminatory criteria of reservoir lithotypes and lithofacies were established by analyzing conventional logging and imaging logging data, summarizing the different facies lithology logging response characteristics, developing carbonate lithology structure index(CLSI) characterizing its quantitative characterization.
In this study, the depositional facies were analyzed: two main depositional environments developed in K field, which are platform and slope, and the dominant facies in this block can be divided into lagoon, tidal flat, intershoal depression, rim shoal, rim reef, the outer continental shelf and continental slope. The well log responses of each lithology and lithofacies were identified, the five different types were recognized by the above method. The identification and classification of lithotypes and lithofacies in both vertical and horizontal disturbition in UnitB formation were achieved by processing the logging data from each well in this block, the identification results of lithotypes and lithofacies were well matched the analysis of physical properties. This study is one of the important keys for the reserves calculation and the development plan, and also guides to evaluate the complex carbonate reservoir of K oil field.
Permeability Estimation Using Pulsed Neutron Logging
Authors: Isyangulov Rinat , Podberezhny Maxim 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is assessment of an opportunity to apply pulsed neutron logging for qualitative assessment of permeability and porosity in terrigenous reservoirs on example of Salym group of fields in West Siberia that explored by Salym Petroleum Developnent (SPD).
Radioisotope Measuring System for Oil Stream Asphaltene-Resin-Paraffin Deposits ARPD Parameters
Authors: Kopteva A. , Starshaya V. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This paper describes a new method for monitoring oil pipelines, as well as highly efficient and automated paraffin deposit monitoring method.
When operating oil pipelines, there is an issue of paraffin, resin and salt deposits on the pipeline walls that come with the oil stream. It ultimately results in frequent transportation suspension to clean or even replace pipes and other equipment, thus shortening operation periods between repairs, creating emergency situations and increasing production expenses, badly affect environment, damaging ecology and spoil underground water, kill animals, birds etc. Oil spills contaminate rivers, lakes, and ground waters. oil transportation monitoring issues are still subject for further studying. Thus, there is the need to invent radically new automated process control and management system, together with measurement means intellectualization.
The measurement principle is based on the Lambert-Beer law that describes the dependence between the gamma-radiation frequency and the density together with the linear attenuation coefficient for a substance. Using the measuring system with high accuracy (± 0,2%), one can measure the thickness of paraffin deposits with an absolute accuracy of ± 5 mm, which is sufficient to ensure reliable operation of the pipeline system.
Safety is a key advantage, when using the proposed control system.
Multi-Size Piping Approach to Increase Gas Pipeline Productivity by Selective Reduction of Holdup
Authors: Baitlessov Ruslan , Kaibaldiyeva Ulmeken , Rojas-Solórzano Luis 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Hydraulic performance and thermal characterization are the main parameters dictating proper consideration of flow assurance in pipelines. Hydraulic performance considers the evaluation of multiphase systems, specifically the equilibrium of phases and consequent flow patterns and their impact on pressure loss, holdup and sustainable and safe flow transport characteristics. Secure supply of hydrocarbons via pipelines plays crucial importance to maximize their production. In this study, a multiphase flow simulation of gas-condensate is developed using PIPESIM™ software. The data and main physical parameters correspond to a projected off-shore natural gas pipeline located in the north sea of Venezuela. The flow of hydrocarbons is analyzed and potential improvements are presented using both a traditional single-size and an ¨out-of-the-box¨ multi-sizing technique with the objective to reduce predicted overall holdups and pressure drops along the pipeline. The simulation permitted to assess different flow characteristics as liquid holdup, flow rate and pressure drop through different sections and accessories of the pipeline. Fixed pipeline insulation was maintained along all the study to keep a practical number of independent variables. The outcome of the analysis demonstrates that with a reasonable adjustment of pipe diameter, it is possible to increase the gas production without extra energy to compress the line, favoring the project economy and reducing its carbon footprint.
Integrated Innovative EOR Approach with Coiled-Tubed Multistage Frac
Authors: Sharipov Rafis , Andreev Vyacheslav , Parshin Nikolay 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Very often it takes a great amount of time for a well commisimng. One of processes, costly on time, are geological and technical actions for increase of oil recovery of layer and also the subsequent development of a well. Especially for the reducing the time and the cost the fracturing stimulation method with coiled tubing has been developed. This method was used in one of the wells at Vladimir Vinogradov field in Khanty-Mansy Autonomous District. During experienced and production works, 16-stage fracturing in liner with sliding sleeves using coiled tubing has been carried out.
Standard geological and technical actions include consecutive carrying out multistage fracturing with preliminary activation of each port, with the subsequent attraction of CT fleet for clean out and nitrogen lifting of a well. Activation of ports before the fracturing happens by activation balls (composite, aluminum, soluble) or by the special tool with involvement of CT fleet.
The principle of described technology above is the following: after fracturing the first zone (from the bottomhole), the assembly is released using an auto mechanism and the whole BHA is moved to the next frac port, which is then opened with a mechanical shifting tool. The packer is actuated below the newly opened port to isolate previously treated intervals. The packer is set mechanically by coiled tubing moving up/down.
After performed fracturing there are opportunities to make conventional normalization by pumping down thru coiled tubing or reverse circulation to remove proppant in case of screen-out.
The job was successful. The total pumped volume was 960 tons of proppant, 60 tons per interval. All operations were completed in less than two weeks and without tripping out of the hole. Packer setting/release loads were within the acceptable for coiled tubing stress range. The fracturing was also performed with standard parameters.
This innovating layout has significantly enhanced the efficiency of operations in comparison with the traditional method. For this project bottomhole assembly was upgraded for more safe works.
Results of Jet Perforation Physical Modelling in Test-Bench and Pay Sandstone Particle Size Distribution Study During Steam Treatment
Authors: Vasilenko I. , Chertenkov M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Complex dynamic processes are used for development of oil deposits, and the result of their usage is not always interpreted conclusively. The purpose of our studies is physical modeling of one of popular processes: –cumulative perforation at reinforced model of well support and payout bed in high pressure vessel;–assessment of changes in fractional composition of pay sandstone of Yaregskoe deposit under thermal impact of steam (SAGD) in PT conditions at 200 °C and P=1.5 MPa.
A Post-Fracturing Evaluation Method of Fracture Properties in Multi-Stage Fractured Wells
Authors: Xiaofeng Zhou , Zolotukhin A. B. , Guangliang An 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Activities in exploitation and development of unconventional resources have grown tremendously in recent years. Production is further improved by applying multi-stage hydraulic fracture stimulation in horizontal wells from tight oil and gas reservoirs. Due to complex mechanical behavior including rock deformation and fracture closure during the development of multi-stage hydraulically fractured horizontal wells (MFHW), geometrical fracture parameters in MFHW may partially change.
In this paper, a method of determination of fracture properties based on production data analysis combined with numerical simulation of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells is presented. Accordingly, an analysis procedure is provided to determine fracture properties in the stimulated reservoir volume with two field cases from a tight gas reservoir and a tight oil reservoir. The results prove that the proposed method works well in determining fracture properties by analyzing production data.
Management of Geometrical Parameters of Hydraulic Fracturing in the Conditions of the Multilayer Romashkinsky Field
Authors: Khusainov R. , Ganiev B. , Lutfullin A. , Garifullin R. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Recently, one of the main areas, which allowed stabilizing and increasing the production level in the unique Romashkino oilfield is hydraulic fracturing. The natural chronology of the development of hydraulic fracturing is a period of testing, working out the optimum criteria of applicability and further mass implementation. Current volumes of hydraulic fracturing in JSC Tatneft allow us to speak about the reduction of wells potential to treatments. High coverage of wells with hydraulic fracturing treatments inevitably leads to a reduction in the number of wells candidates and reduce their attractiveness. However, despite this, achieved in recent years, the growth of oil production exceeds the results of previous years, which shows a continuous development of technology.
Simulation of Thermal Recovery Methods for Development of the Bazhenov Formation
Authors: Erofeev A. A. , Mitrushkin D. A. , Meretin A. S. , Pachezhertsev A. A. , Karpov I. A. , Demo V. O. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The paper represents the study of hydrocarbon reservoir characteristics of Bazhenov formation and evaluation of perspective recovery technologies conducted as a part of the complex investigation by the consortium including Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Faculty of Geology in Moscow State University and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech).
The research examines the ability of thermal treatment recovery technology to involve the low permeability collectors and increase oil recovery ratio through implementation of oil generation potential of source rocks. The paper describes the results of numerical modelling in reservoir simulator with compositional and thermochemical modules what allows to take into account the process of kerogen pyrolysis – the key feature of reservoirs of Bazhenov formation. In addition, the approach based on special Matlab module is proposed, which allows simulating the permeability changes, occurs due to thermal treatment. That module allows calculating the permeability value depending on porosity, porous pressure and temperature in each cell of the model on each time step.
Within the framework of the present approach, parametric studies were conducted to evaluate the influence of the uncertainty of main input parameters on the results of calculations such as cumulative oil production and amount of generated synthetic oil. The range of input parameters values was chosen based on the results of research conducted by a consortium on the rock samples and reservoir fluids of Bazhenov formation. Moreover, the paper represents the evaluation of thermal treatment recovery technology effectiveness depending on technology parameters such as duration of production and injection cycles.
The Design of the Injection Well Provided Fire Flooding in the Reservoir Sredne-Nazymskogo Oilfield
Authors: Yakunin S. A. , Shadchnev A. N. , Shtyfel A. P. , Chudinov V. A. , Agishev A.R. R 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The reserves of unconventional high-viscosity hydrocarbons at the Middle Nazym Field are developed by AO RITEK using the in-situ combustion technology. Construction of a pattern of injection and production wells is provided for the development of such type of field. At the same time, air and water with active agents are injected under pressure into the pay-out bed of the injection well. Due to the pressure and oxidation processes in the pay-out bed, temperature increases up to 650 °C, and as a result its combustion occurs. Thus, the high thermal load and injection pressure impact the well bottom-hole design. Such nature of formation stimulation resulting in high temperature differences causes creeping and thermal fatigue of the casing string metal. In selection of a production string design thermal loads rather than collapsing pressures and axial loads from the string weight prevail. To resolve this problem at the design phase, the field conditions of high temperature exposure were assumed in addition to the standard approaches of the well program design based on the mining and geological conditions. Conventional procedures for selection of a casing string are not applicable, therefore AO RITEK together with PAO TMK-Premium Service have conducted a number of experiments using the finite-element method with the Abaqus software system where the anticipated well conditions were modelled. In order to study the thermal flux spreading process and compressive loads on the cement, several models were calculated: without and with perforations. Based on the calculation, casing strings resistant to thermal loads under the thermal gas treatment were selected.
Comprehensive Costs Assessment with Cost Engineering Tools During the Concept Design Phase
Authors: Pashkevich Lev , Khlyzova Kristina 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article addresses questions about the capital and operating cost estimation. The current approaches of cost estimation do not provide detailed analysis of the basic cost drivers. Decomposing cost analysis is at core a subject of accurate cost evaluation. The Gazprom neft experience is presented towards development of cost engineering tools. Comprehensive costs analysis is a very important part of effective business.