bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERANCANGAN ALGORITMA DAN PEMROGRAMAN KOMPUTER DALAM BAHASA TURBO BASIC DAN PASCAL UNTUK PERHITUNGAN RASIO AKUNTANSI DAN MEMPREDIKSI TINGKAT KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP (GOING CONCERN) PERUSAHAAN DENGAN PARAMETER ALTMAN Z-SCORE
Authors: Herlambang Yudha 
Published: February 2017

As we know that,the aspect of going concern or bankruptcy of the entitiy become the issued or the problem must be considered by the external auditor.In the profession of Public Acccountant.\The external auditor must give the opinion objectively and independent. So that the Report of AuditorIndependent give the objective and right information ( no biased information) to the external user of Financial Statement how to make decision. One of the judgement must be considered by the external auditor is the bancruptcy of the entity (auditee ).One of the alternative method to decide the condition of entity’s going concern is Altman Z Score. In this paper,author will discuss about designing the Programming Algorithm of Altman - Z Score. The author design the program mentioned above by using Quick Basic Programming Language and Pascal Software.The author also design the accounting ratio programming into the part of source code or listing program mentioned above
PERANSERTA WANITA PETERNAK SAPI PERAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN TARAF HIDUP KELUARGA
Authors: Lestariningsih Marsudi , Basuki Basuki , Endang Endang 
Published: February 2017

This research was conducted in a cooperation namely KOPSAE, located in three villages, Jurang Jero, Pujon Lor, and Sebaluh, distric of Pujon. Malang, East Java. The research objective is to investigate the women involvement in improving family life of diery farmer in tose villages and to evaluate the women’s contribution in their family’s revenue. This research results can be used by East Java Animal Husbandary Office, financial institutions, cooperative enterprises, and other external parties in determining prolicies for supervision and improvement of farm business in rural areas. Data are collected through survey. Population used are 40 families who own cows.The result shows that women have potential roles in improving the family’s revenues. The women contribution is approximately 44,99% of total family’s revenues. The women allocate their time about 1-2 hours a day in diery family activities, meanwhile, men spent about 2-4 hours a day. It appears that supervision is still needed for using their idle time in order to improve their skills as well as their revenues.
Distal border synovial invaginations of the equine distal sesamoid bone communicate with the distal interphalangeal joint
Authors: Videau Marine , Olive Julien 
Published: February 2017

Summary
Objectives: Macroscopic studies have suggested a link between distal border synovial invaginations of the navicular bone and the distal interphalangeal joint. However, many practitioners consider that these invagi-nations are directly and solely related to navicular disease. The objective was to investigate the communication pattern of these synovial invaginations with the synovial compartments of the distal interphalangeal joint and the navicular bursa, using minimally invasive imaging techniques.
Methods: In a prospective observational study, 10 cadaveric limbs with radiographically evident distal border synovial invagi-nations were randomly assigned to computed tomography arthrography or bursography groups, using iopamidol.
Results: In 5/5 limbs, contrast medium filled the invaginations following distal interphalangeal arthrography. In the other five limbs, no contrast medium filled the invaginations following bursography.
Clinical significance: Contrary to existing beliefs, these invaginations are more likely associated with distal interphalangeal joint synovitis and may not be directly linked to primary navicular bone pathology, but might reflect distal interphalangeal arthropathy. Therefore, the rationale for assessment of these invaginations in stallion selection or pre-purchase examinations as a predictive sign for navicular disease is questionable. Nonetheless, comorbidities are frequent in the equine distal limb. Enlarged synovial invaginations may also be seen in limbs with concomitant primary navicular disease. Further studies are needed to elucidate possible inter-related pathological processes.
Losing one's touch: Evolution of the touch‐sensitive stigma in the Mimulus guttatus species complex
Authors: Friedman Jannice , Hart Katherine S. , den Bakker Meghan C. 
Published: February 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The stigmas of several species are touch sensitive and respond to pressure by closing. Previous research suggests that stigma closure could prevent self pollination within a flower during a pollinator's visit or enhance male function by increasing pollen export. Both factors could be favored in outcrossers, and neither would be beneficial in selfers.METHODS:We investigated variation in stigma‐closing and the duration of closure in annual and perennial populations of the variable species Mimulus guttatus and whether four closely related selfing species (M. cupriphilus, M. laciniatus, M. nasutus, and M. pardalis) have lost their touch sensitivity. We grew plants in a controlled environment and performed experiments with and without the addition of pollen to the stigma.KEY RESULTS:In M. guttatus, the speed of stigma‐closing was rapid and unaffected by the deposition of pollen. Populations varied significantly in closing speed, which may reflect their geographic location. For annual populations only, anther–stigma separation significantly affected closing speed. Also, stigmas that closed quickly stayed closed longer, and stigmas that received pollen remained closed longer. Finally, in the selfing species, stigma‐closing was more variable; some populations have entirely lost the ability to respond to touch.CONCLUSIONS:We discuss our results in the context of traits that promote outcrossing and traits that are under selection during the evolution of selfing. This is the first characterization of variation in touch responses across multiple populations within a species and the first to demonstrate the loss of touch sensitivity in selfing lineages.
Entire plastid phylogeny of the carrot genus (Daucus, Apiaceae): Concordance with nuclear data and mitochondrial and nuclear DNA insertions to the plastid
Authors: Spooner David M. , Ruess Holly , Iorizzo Massimo , Senalik Douglas , Simon Philipp 
Published: February 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:We explored the phylogenetic utility of entire plastid DNA sequences in Daucus and compared the results with prior phylogenetic results using plastid and nuclear DNA sequences.METHODS:We used Illumina sequencing to obtain full plastid sequences of 37 accessions of 20 Daucus taxa and outgroups, analyzed the data with phylogenetic methods, and examined evidence for mitochondrial DNA transfer to the plastid (DcMP).KEY RESULTS:Our phylogenetic trees of the entire data set were highly resolved, with 100% bootstrap support for most of the external and many of the internal clades, except for the clade of D. carota and its most closely related species D. syrticus. Subsets of the data, including regions traditionally used as phylogenetically informative regions, provide various degrees of soft congruence with the entire data set. There are areas of hard incongruence, however, with phylogenies using nuclear data. We extended knowledge of a mitochondrial to plastid DNA insertion sequence previously named DcMP and identified the first instance in flowering plants of a sequence of potential nuclear genome origin inserted into the plastid genome. There is a relationship of inverted repeat junction classes and repeat DNA to phylogeny, but no such relationship with nonsynonymous mutations.CONCLUSIONS:Our data have allowed us to (1) produce a well‐resolved plastid phylogeny of Daucus, (2) evaluate subsets of the entire plastid data for phylogeny, (3) examine evidence for plastid and nuclear DNA phylogenetic incongruence, and (4) examine mitochondrial and nuclear DNA insertion into the plastid.
Inconsistent intraspecific pattern in leaf life span along nitrogen‐supply gradient
Authors: Oikawa Shimpei , Suno Koya , Osada Noriyuki 
Published: February 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Leaf life span (LLS) has long been hypothesized to plastically increase with decreasing nitrogen (N) supply from soil to maximize N retention, carbon assimilation, and fitness; however, accumulating evidence shows no consistent trend. The apparent inconsistencies are explained by a recent model that assumes LLS has a hump‐shaped quadratic response to the N‐supply gradient. The available evidence mostly originates from comparisons of LLS at only two levels of N availability, and the hypothesis remains unanswered.METHODS:We investigated LLS of two asteraceous forbs (Adenocaulon himalaicum and Xanthium canadense) experimentally grown at eight levels of N supply, which covered a range of N supply in their natural habitats. We additionally conducted a literature search to retrieve studies reporting LLS response along an N‐supply gradient.KEY RESULTS:The LLS of neither species showed a hump‐shaped response along the N‐supply gradient. Past studies examining the LLS of an aquatic forb and terrestrial shrubs and trees along the N‐supply gradient (more than four levels of N supply) also refuted the hypothesis.CONCLUSIONS:The LLS of a single species exhibited neither an increase nor a hump‐shaped response to decreased N supply in a variety of life forms. Comparisons at only a few N levels are misleading with regard to LLS response to N supply.
IGR J17062–6143 Is an Accreting Millisecond X-Ray Pulsar
Authors: Strohmayer Tod , Keek Laurens 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present the discovery of 163.65 Hz X-ray pulsations from IGR J17062−6143 in the only observation obtained from the source with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. This detection makes IGR J17062−6143 the lowest-frequency accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar presently known. The pulsations are detected in the 2–12 keV band with an overall significance of 4.3σ and an observed pulsed amplitude of 5.54% ± 0.67% (in this band). Both dynamic power spectral and coherent phase timing analysis indicate that the pulsation frequency is decreasing during the ≈1.2 ks observation in a manner consistent with orbital motion of the neutron star. Because the observation interval is short, we cannot precisely measure the orbital period; however, periods shorter than 17 minutes are excluded at 90% confidence. For the range of acceptable circular orbits the inferred binary mass function substantially overlaps the observed range for the AMXP population as a whole.
Effect of Gender and Age on the Relative Bioavailability of Doravirine: Results of a Phase I Trial in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Behm Martin O , Yee Ka L , Fan Li , Fackler Paul 
Published: February 2017

Background Doravirine is a potent, once-daily, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with a distinct resistance profile in Phase III development for the treatment of HIV-1. As doravirine may be administered to women and the elderly, we investigated the effect of gender and age in doravirine pharmacokinetics. Methods In this Phase I, open-label, single-period, parallel-group investigation, doravirine 100 mg was administered to 36 healthy subjects in three groups: elderly men ( n=12, 65–80 years), elderly women ( n=12, 65–80 years) and young women ( n=12, 18–50 years). Data for young men ( n=6, 18–50 years) from a previous study were included as a comparator. Doravirine plasma pharmacokinetics and safety were assessed. Results No clinically meaningful effect on pharmacokinetics was observed in association with gender or age. Gender effects were assessed using combined data from elderly and young men versus elderly and young women because the datasets met predefined pooling criteria. The geometric mean ratios (GMRs; women/men [90% CIs]) of doravirine AUC0-∞, Cmax and C24h were 1.20 (1.03, 1.40), 1.42 (1.23, 1.64) and 1.02 (0.84, 1.24), respectively. Age effects were assessed separately in men and women because the datasets did not meet pooling criteria. The AUC0-∞, Cmax, and C24h GMRs (elderly/young) were 0.85 (0.67, 1.10), 0.92 (0.73, 1.16), 0.81 (0.59, 1.11), respectively for men and 0.97 (0.79, 1.19), 1.18 (0.98, 1.42), 0.94 (0.72, 1.21), respectively, for women. Doravirine was well-tolerated throughout the trial. Conclusions Neither gender nor age affects the bio-availability of single-dose doravirine 100 mg in healthy subjects, thus supporting administration of doravirine 100 mg in elderly and adult women without dose adjustment.
Anti-HMGCR Autoantibodies in Juvenile Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies Identify a Rare but Clinically Important Subset of Patients
Authors: Tansley Sarah L. , Betteridge Zoe E. , Simou Stefania , Jacques Thomas S. , Pilkington Clarissa , Wood Mark , Warrier Kishore , Wedderburn Lucy R. , McHugh Neil J. 
Published: February 2017

Objective.We aimed to establish the prevalence and clinical associations of anti-HMG-CoA-reductase (anti-HMGCR) in a large UK cohort with juvenile myositis.Methods.There were 381 patients investigated for anti-HMGCR using ELISA.Results.Anti-HMGCR autoantibodies were detected in 4 patients (1%). These children had no or minimal rash and significant muscle disease. Muscle biopsies were considered distinctive, with widespread variation in fiber size, necrotic fibers, and chronic inflammatory cell infiltrates; all had prolonged elevation of creatine kinase and all ultimately received biologic therapies.Conclusion.Anti-HMGCR in UK children with myositis are associated with severe disease that is poorly responsive to standard treatment.
Plasma Levels of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Are Associated with Anti-TNF Responsiveness in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Inhibit the Etanercept-driven Rise in Th17 Cell Differentiationin Vitro
Authors: Jeffery Louisa , Fisk Helena L. , Calder Philip C. , Filer Andrew , Raza Karim , Buckley Christopher D. , McInnes Iain , Taylor Peter C. , Fisher Benjamin A. 
Published: February 2017

Objective.To determine whether levels of plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with response to antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and whether this putative effect may have its basis in altering anti-TNF–driven Th17 cell differentiation.Methods.Plasma was collected at baseline and after 3 months of anti-TNF treatment in 22 patients with established RA, and fatty acid composition of the phosphatidylcholine (PC) component was measured. CD4+CD25− T cells and monocytes were purified from the blood of healthy donors and cocultured in the presence of anti-CD3, with or without etanercept (ETN), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), or the control fatty acid, linoleic acid (LA). Expression of interleukin 17 and interferon-γ was measured by intracellular staining and flow cytometry.Results.Plasma PC EPA levels and the EPA/arachidonic acid ratio correlated inversely with change in the Disease Activity Score at 28 joints (DAS28) at 3 months (−0.51, p = 0.007 and −0.48, p = 0.01, respectively), indicating that higher plasma EPA was associated with a greater reduction in DAS28. Plasma PC EPA was positively associated with European League Against Rheumatism response (p = 0.02). An increase in Th17 cells post-therapy has been associated with nonresponse to anti-TNF. ETN increased Th17 frequenciesin vitro. Physiological concentrations of EPA, but not LA, prevented this.Conclusion.EPA status was associated with clinical improvements to anti-TNF therapyin vivoand prevented the effect of ETN on Th17 cellsin vitro. EPA supplementation might be a simple way to improve anti-TNF outcomes in patients with RA by suppressing Th17 frequencies.
Exopolysaccharide from Bacillus subtilis Induces Anti-Inflammatory M2 Macrophages That Prevent T Cell–Mediated Disease
Authors: Paynich Mallory L. , Jones-Burrage Sara E. , Knight Katherine L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Commensal bacteria contribute to immune homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract; however, the underlying mechanisms for this are not well understood. A single dose of exopolysaccharide (EPS) from the probiotic spore-forming bacterium Bacillus subtilis protects mice from acute colitis induced by the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Adoptive transfer of macrophage-rich peritoneal cells from EPS-treated mice confers protection from disease to recipient mice. In vivo, EPS induces development of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in a TLR4-dependent manner, and these cells inhibit T cell activation in vitro and in C. rodentium–infected mice. In vitro, M2 macrophages inhibit CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The inhibition of CD4+ T cells is dependent on TGF-β, whereas inhibition of CD8+ T cells is dependent on TGF-β and PD-L1. We suggest that administration of B. subtilis EPS can be used to broadly inhibit T cell activation and, thus, control T cell–mediated immune responses in numerous inflammatory diseases.
Transgender-Related Education in Plastic Surgery and Urology Residency Programs
Authors: Morrison Shane D. , Dy Geolani W. , Chong H. Jonathan , Holt Sarah K. , Vedder Nicholas B. , Sorensen Mathew D. , Joyner Byron D. , Friedrich Jeffrey B. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
With increasing public awareness of and greater coverage for gender-confirming surgery by insurers, more transgender patients are likely to seek surgical transition. The degree to which plastic surgery and urology trainees are prepared to treat transgender patients is unknown.

Objective
We assessed the number of hours dedicated to transgender-oriented education in plastic surgery and urology residencies, and the impact of program director (PD) attitudes on provision of such training.

Methods
PDs of all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited plastic surgery (91) and urology (128) programs were invited to participate. Surveys were completed between November 2015 and March 2016; responses were collected and analyzed.

Results
In total, 154 PDs (70%) responded, and 145 (66%) completed the survey, reporting a yearly median of 1 didactic hour and 2 clinical hours of transgender content. Eighteen percent (13 of 71) of plastic surgery and 42% (31 of 74) of urology programs offered no didactic education, and 34% (24 of 71) and 30% (22 of 74) provided no clinical exposure, respectively. PDs of programs located in the southern United States were more likely to rate transgender education as unimportant or neutral (23 of 37 [62%] versus 39 of 105 [37%]; P = .017). PDs who rated transgender education as important provided more hours of didactic content (median, 1 versus 0.75 hours; P = .001) and clinical content (median, 5 versus 0 hours; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
A substantial proportion of plastic surgery and urology residencies provide no education on transgender health topics, and those that do, provide variable content. PD attitudes toward transgender-specific education appear to influence provision of training.
Private health expenditures and environmental quality
Authors: Safi Fatma , Ben Hassen Lobna 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper presents a simple two-period overlapping generations model that contains environmental and health issues. It investigates an intergenerational conflict between old and young generations as regards two defensive expenditures offsetting the influence of a worsening environment represented here by health care and environmental investment. Workers support environmental maintenance while retirees prefer investing in health care. The authors have shown that an increasing support for private health expenditure leads to a higher level of capital accumulation and leads also to a higher level of environmental quality if the maintenance efforts are higher than consumption externalities.
Influence of rain on the abundance of bioaerosols in fine and coarse particles
Authors: Rathnayake Chathurika M. , Metwali Nervana , Jayarathne Thilina , Kettler Josh , Huang Yuefan , Thorne Peter S. , O'Shaughnessy Patrick T. , Stone Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Assessing the environmental, health, and climate impacts of bioaerosols requires knowledge of their size and abundance. These two properties were assessed through daily measurements of chemical tracers for pollens (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), fungal spores (mannitol and glucans), and Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins in two particulate matter (PM) size modes: fine particles (< 2.5 µm) and coarse particles (2.5–10 µm) as determined by their aerodynamic diameter. Measurements were made during the spring tree pollen season (mid-April to early May) and late summer ragweed season (late August to early September) in the Midwestern US in 2013. Under dry conditions, pollen, and fungal spore tracers were primarily in coarse PM (> 75 %), as expected for particles greater than 2.5 µm. Rainfall on 2 May corresponded to maximum atmospheric pollen tracer levels and a redistribution of pollen tracers to the fine PM fraction (> 80 %). Both changes were attributed to the osmotic rupture of pollen grains that led to the suspension of fine-sized pollen fragments. Fungal spore tracers peaked in concentration following spring rain events and decreased in particle size, but to a lesser extent than pollens. A short, heavy thunderstorm in late summer corresponded to an increase in endotoxin and glucose levels, with a simultaneous shift to smaller particle sizes. Simultaneous increase in bioaerosol levels and decrease in their size have significant implications for population exposures to bioaerosols, particularly during rain events. Chemical mass balance (CMB) source apportionment modeling and regionally specific pollen profiles were used to apportion PM mass to pollens and fungal spores. Springtime pollen contributions to the mass of particles < 10 µm (PM10) ranged from 0.04 to 0.8 µg m−3 (0.2–38 %, averaging 4 %), with maxima occurring on rainy days. Fungal spore contributions to PM10 mass ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 µg m−3 (0.8–17 %, averaging 5 %), with maxima occurring after rain. Overall, this study defines changes to the fine- and coarse-mode distribution of PM, pollens, fungal spores, and endotoxins in response to rain in the Midwestern United States and advances the ability to apportion PM mass to pollens.
Friendship and Dialogue
Authors: Carmichael Liz 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
This article explores links among Christian love, friendship, and dialogue in the context of interfaith encounter. It discusses Christian love, agapē, as having the nature of open friendship-love, which motivates dialogue. A practical example of dialogue is presented: a Three Faiths Encounter program that has succeeded over the past three decades to bring about deeper understanding, overcome fears and barriers, and create friendship between Jewish, Christian, and Muslim participants. Strengths and weaknesses are discussed, and some further examples of initiatives that express and create friendship are introduced.
The Rhythm of “Loosen-Empty-Push”: Liturgy in Pursuit of Christian Unity
Authors: Seonwoo Hyuk 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
This article examines how the Tai Chi rhythm of “loosen-empty-push,” which reflects the yin-yang relationship, can be applied to the role of worship in the contemporary ecumenical movement. In the search for Christian unity, the Tai Chi rhythm will invite readers to join the flow of thoughts in which the pluralistic nature of ordo is recognized (loosen), prayerful listening is practiced (empty), and inculturation is explored (push).