bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early multidisciplinary management of an adolescent patient with severe hypodontia
Authors: Barry Siobhan , Shargill Indy , Houghton Nadine 
Published: August 2017

This article describes the multidisciplinary management of a 9-year-old boy who presented with severe hypodontia. Treatment included preventive dentistry and early treatment to address his concerns regarding the poor aesthetic appearance of his anterior teeth. This included composite resin restoration of his upper permanent central incisors and a pre-adjusted edgewise appliance to close the diastema. A unique restorative technique was used to retain the closed diastema and restore the spaces of the missing lateral incisors. Clinical Relevance: To illustrate the importance of multidisciplinary dental care in the treatment of patients with severe hypodontia.
Role of the ear nose and throat specialist within the multidisciplinary cleft team: CLP series part 11
Authors: Wynne David M , Gillgrass Toby J 
Published: August 2017

A cleft involving the palate can have a significant impact on children in relation to their hearing and airway. A normally functioning ear is important for hearing and therefore speech production. Airway difficulties in children with a cleft may be divided into neonatal, post-operative and long-term and may necessitate both acute and long-term management. As a consequence the Ear Nose and Throat specialist plays an important role within the cleft multidisciplinary team. Clinical Relevance: Hearing problems in children and adults with a cleft may lead to difficulties in communication between patient and dental practitioner. The patients may also be undergoing long-term airway-related management that may impact on their regular attendance.
The non-surgical approach to close an anterior open bite – a case report
Authors: Kirk Lynda , Smith Anne-Marie , Murray Alison 
Published: August 2017

Anterior open bites are notoriously difficult to correct. A case is described where a 26-year-old Caucasian female with an anterior open bite, due to a previous persistent digit-sucking habit, is treated successfully with upper and lower fixed appliances and skeletal anchorage to intrude the posterior teeth. This remained stable one year post treatment. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should be aware that the posterior teeth in patients with mild to moderate anterior open bites can be intruded successfully with temporary anchorage devices.
Symphyseal angle: an angle to determine skeletal pattern using panoramic radiographs
Authors: Ajmera Shreya N , Venkatesh Shivanand , Ganeshkar Sanjay V , Sangamesh B , Patil Anand K 
Published: August 2017

The aim of this article is to derive an angle using panoramic radiographs which is as reliable as lateral cephalometric norms in determining the skeletal growth pattern. The sample size consisted of 60 OPGs of patients with normodivergent growth pattern evaluated from cephalometric radiographs. The mean Symphyseal Angle (SA) obtained was 134.1 ± 2.1 and correlation tests showed high, negative and statistically significant correlation for both Basal Plane Angle (BPA) 1 and Frankfurt Mandibular Plane Angle (FMA) (p = 0.0063) and a positive correlation was shown with the Jarabak Ratio (JR) 2 (p = 0.032). The Symphyseal Angle derived was helpful in determining the skeletal pattern of the craniofacial structure. Clinical Relevance: This paper demonstrates the use of the Symphyseal Angle to determine skeletal growth pattern using panoramic radiographs.
Orthodontic therapists and their integration into the orthodontic team
Authors: Hodge Trevor , Scott Paul , Thickett Eleanor 
Published: August 2017

There have been significant changes in the way in which orthodontics has been delivered since the last major workforce study was undertaken. The major change has been the introduction of orthodontic therapists in the UK. This paper aims to outline for the general dental practitioner the role of orthodontic therapists, including their scope of practice, along with discussion regarding their integration into specialist orthodontic practice in both the primary and secondary care setting, illustrated in part from the authors' experience. Clinical Relevance: This article aims to outline how orthodontic therapists work as part of the orthodontic team, the procedures they can undertake, along with discussion regarding their integration into specialist orthodontic practice in both the primary and the secondary care setting.
Idiopathic external apical root resorption: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Waldon Kate , Spencer James , Barker Christopher S 
Published: August 2017

This report presents an interesting case of idiopathic external apical root resorption (IEARR) affecting the non-occluding teeth in a 20-year-old Caucasian male patient with a Class III malocclusion. A review of the current literature is reported and the presenting features of the patient are discussed. Clinical Relevance: Root resorption evident prior to treatment can impact on the possibility of orthodontic treatment. This interesting case highlights a clinical need for treatment and also that root resorption can occur without active orthodontic forces.
Patient preference for the dress code of male and female orthodontists
Authors: Singh Parmjit 
Published: August 2017

A questionnaire was used to determine child orthodontic patient preferences for the dress code of their orthodontist. Participants were asked the importance of how their orthodontist dressed and to select the most appropriate dress code from a range of outfits. Two hundred participants completed the questionnaire (age range 10–17 years). Almost two-thirds of respondents (64.5%) placed some importance on the dress code of their orthodontist. Clinical Relevance: To determine the preference of child orthodontic patients on the dress code of their orthodontist.
Rapid maxillary expansion: a review of appliance designs, biomechanics and clinical aspects
Authors: Almuzian Mohammad , Short Laura , Isherwood Grant , Al-Muzian Lubna , McDonald Jim 
Published: August 2017

Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is an orthopaedic procedure that utilizes heavy forces to correct transverse maxillary arch discrepancies. There is a substantial body of literature relating to the various designs of RME devices and their clinical indications. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To provide the dental practitioner and orthodontist with evidence-based facts about types, designs and uses of RME appliances and to promote understanding of their biomechanical effects.
Tunnel traction of impacted maxillary canine: a case report
Authors: Lodha Surendra , Mehta Siddharth , Raval Ruchi 
Published: August 2017

This case report describes a surgical approach for the orthodontic treatment of deep infra-osseous impacted canines. This technique allows for orthodontic traction of the impacted tooth to the centre of the alveolar ridge, which results in a better periodontal outcome. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Use of a tunnel traction technique to treat deep infra-osseous canines.
Factors associated with discontinued and abandoned treatment in primary care orthodontic practice part 1
Authors: McDougall Neil I , McDonald Jim , Sherriff Andrea 
Published: August 2017

Discontinued and abandoned cases are an undesirable outcome of orthodontic treatment. The first of this 2-part series will detail the different factors that play a role in this phenomenon. The second paper will describe a study that attempts to identify specific factors that are implicated in discontinued treatment within a specialist orthodontic practice. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Discontinued treatment is an unwelcome aspect of orthodontic practice. By having a better understanding of the factors that may be relevant, clinicians can be more careful in their selection and management of patients.
Can Pikachu die? Online fan conspiracy theories and the Pokémon gaming universe
Authors: Geraghty Lincoln 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Pokémon, Nintendo’s globally recognized transmedia video game franchise, has an established international fan community. Regular releases of new toys, games, trading cards, books, television series, feature length films and now the Pokémon Go mobile app introduce new characters, creatures and extend the Pokémon narrative universe. Although, a consideration of the transmedia aspects of the Pokémon franchise is important, this article focuses more on the relationship between the narrative (the story of Ash’s travels meeting new characters and pokémon) and an ever-growing and creative fan culture online. I explore how fans use the narrative structure of the games and television series to create their own fanfic to fill in blanks and gaps in the backstories of characters and develop their own theories behind mysteries surrounding different versions of the games. The prevalence and popularity of these conspiracy theories suggest that fans are in a constant struggle to seek some sort of control over the Pokémon story, finding understanding within the universe of the games. While the Pokémon canon is expanded and routinely added to with new characters and regions created for new games, fan-created content and conspiracy theories serve to weave a more complex narrative web that highlights the importance of fan agency within the gaming community.
Quantifying the dynamics of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to distinguish alcoholic and non-alcoholic subjects using an MSE based K-d tree algorithm
Authors: Hussain Lal , Aziz Wajid , Saeed Sharjil , Shah Saeed Arif , Nadeem Malik Sajjad A. , Awan Imtiaz Ahmed , Abbas Ali , Majid Abdul , Kazmi Syed Zaki Hassan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we have employed K-d tree algorithmic based multiscale entropy analysis (MSE) to distinguish alcoholic subjects from non-alcoholic ones. Traditional MSE techniques have been used in many applications to quantify the dynamics of physiological time series at multiple temporal scales. However, this algorithm requires O(N
2), i.e. exponential time and space complexity which is inefficient for long-term correlations and online application purposes. In the current study, we have employed a recently developed K-d tree approach to compute the entropy at multiple temporal scales. The probability function in the entropy term was converted into an orthogonal range. This study aims to quantify the dynamics of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to distinguish the alcoholic subjects from control subjects, by inspecting various coarse grained sequences formed at different time scales, using traditional MSE and comparing the results with fast MSE (fMSE). The performance was also measured in terms of specificity, sensitivity, total accuracy and receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Our findings show that fMSE, with a K-d tree algorithmic approach, improves the reliability of the entropy estimation in comparison with the traditional MSE. Moreover, this new technique is more promising to characterize the physiological changes having an affect at multiple time scales.
“Konkoor Giant”, a narrative of high school female students from Gorgan, Iran
Authors: Arab Sahar , Ziaei Tayebe , Behnampour Nasser , Khoori Elham 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe university entrance exam or Konkoor is a determining event for the Iranian adolescents and their families. It is considered as the most important opportunity for adolescents for creating their ideal futures. Hence, regarding the importance of this exam and its accompanying pressures during the critical and stressful adolescence period, this study describes adolescents’ perspective about what make them worried about the university entrance exam.MethodsThis study is based on responses of 500 high school female students to an open-ended question completed in their class. In total 482 adolescents wrote down their answers. Using quantitative content analysis, these statements were analyzed.ResultsThe findings showed that three categories including “individual” category (87.90%) with three subcategories; Konkoor’s outcome, readiness for Konkoor, self-blame, and “family” category (7.12%) with three subcategories; consequences of failure, family expectations, family conflicts, and “religious- socioeconomic” category (4.98%) with three subcategories; religion, financial status, educational policies as the main adolescents concern sources about the university entrance exam.ConclusionConsidering the high concerns of female adolescents about the university entrance exam and the pressures that they receive from their families, society, and even themselves, modifying the educational policies, applying some measures to promote knowledge, and gaining required skills to deal with different aspects of such concerns are necessary for adolescents and their parents.
Radiative sky cooling: fundamental physics, materials, structures, and applications
Authors: Sun Xingshu , Sun Yubo , Zhou Zhiguang , Alam Muhammad Ashraful , Bermel Peter 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Radiative sky cooling reduces the temperature of a system by promoting heat exchange with the sky; its key advantage is that no input energy is required. We will review the origins of radiative sky cooling from ancient times to the modern day, and illustrate how the fundamental physics of radiative cooling calls for a combination of properties that may not occur in bulk materials. A detailed comparison with recent modeling and experiments on nanophotonic structures will then illustrate the advantages of this recently emerging approach. Potential applications of these radiative cooling materials to a variety of temperature-sensitive optoelectronic devices, such as photovoltaics, thermophotovoltaics, rectennas, and infrared detectors, will then be discussed. This review will conclude by forecasting the prospects for the field as a whole in both terrestrial and space-based systems.
Crystal structure of 5-ethyl-2-(p-tolyl)-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxylic acid, C14H18O4
Authors: Jia Guo-Kai , Yuan Lin , Yuan Xian-You , Li Zhong-Yan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
C14H18O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.763(6) Å, b = 5.941(4) Å, c = 20.310(12) Å, β = 92.238(6)°, V = 1297.7(13) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0484, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1351, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-perimidin-3-ium iodide, C19H16ClIN2
Authors: Li Zhong-Yan , Yuan Lin , Yuan Xian-You , Zhang Min 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
C19H16ClIN2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.3359(11) Å, b = 18.424(3) Å, c = 12.8968(19) Å, β = 93.230(2)°, V = 1740.3(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0213, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0562, T = 296(2) K.
Comparison of performance of composite biomarkers of inflammatory response in determining the prognosis of breast cancer patients
Authors: Melichar Bohuslav , Vitásková Denisa , Bartoušková Marie , Javorská Lenka , Kujovská Krčmová Lenka , Pešková Eliška , Hyšpler Radomír , Solichová Dagmar , Hrůzová Klára , Študentová Hana 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In the present study, we determined complex indices of inflammatory activity and compared the performance of these indices as prognostic biomarkers in a cohort of breast cancer patients. All proposed composite biomarkers could be evaluated in 418 out of 474 patients in the cohort with complete data on peripheral blood cell count, urinary neopterin, albumin and C-reactive protein. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic inflammatory index, Glasgow prognostic index, modified Glasgow prognostic index, prognostic nutritional index and C-reactive protein/albumin ratio were calculated and further complex indices were proposed. Although a number of the investigated indices were significantly associated with survival in the univariate analysis, only age and stage, but none of the laboratory biomarkers or composite biomarkers, were significant predictors of survival in the whole group in the multivariate analysis. In patients evaluated before the start of the treatment, age, stage and urinary neopterin were significant predictors of survival. These results underscore the importance of neopterin as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer.
Formación del profesorado en cuestiones de género / Teacher Training on Gender Issues
Authors: Gómez Jarabo Inmaculada , Sánchez Delgado Primitivo 
Published: August 2017

Se han conseguido muchos avances. Sin embargo, la mujer todavía está lejos de lograr una igualdad real con el hombre y, en algunos casos, sigue siendo objeto de agresiones físicas, psicológicas, verbales, sexuales… que, en ocasiones, tienen su origen en las ideas que histórica y culturalmente han sido transmitidas de generación en generación. En algunos sectores sociales es habitual la creencia de que la violencia de género no afecta a la infancia y la juventud, pero las últimas investigaciones muestran una situación diferente: los centros escolares son el escenario de los primeros abusos de género. La labor del profesorado es esencial en la detección y tratamiento de la violencia, la mejora de la convivencia escolar y la formación y sensibilización en cuestiones de género. La investigación que se presenta en este artículo pretende desvelar si el profesorado está preparado para ello y si la formación del profesorado tiene en cuenta esos aspectos. Aquí se muestran algunos resultados relevantes de una investigación sobre la “formación del profesorado para el tratamiento educativo de los conflictos sobre diversidad cultural y de género”, en la que se utilizó una metodología mixta de investigación. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que existen carencias importantes en la formación del profesorado en relación a cuestiones de género, convivencia entre sexos, gestión de conflictos y violencia.
Impact of the underlying etiology of growth hormone deficiency on serum IGF-I SDS levels during GH treatment in children
Authors: Léger Juliane , Mohamed Damir , Dos Santos Sophie , Ben Azoun Myriam , Zénaty Delphine , Simon Dominique , Paulsen Anne , Martinerie Laetitia , Chevenne Didier , Alberti Corinne , Carel Jean-Claude , Guilmin-Crepon Sophie 
Published: August 2017

ContextRegular monitoring of serum IGF-I levels during growth hormone (GH) therapy has been recommended, for assessing treatment compliance and safety.ObjectiveTo investigate serum IGF-I SDS levels during GH treatment in children with GH deficiency, and to identify potential determinants of these levels.Design, patients and methodsThis observational cohort study included all patients (n = 308) with childhood-onset non-acquired or acquired GH deficiency (GHD) included in the database of a single academic pediatric care center over a period of 10 years for whom at least one serum IGF-I SDS determination during GH treatment was available. These determinations had to have been carried out centrally, with the same immunoradiometric assay. Serum IGF-I SDS levels were determined as a function of sex, age and pubertal stage, according to our published normative data.ResultsOver a median of 4.0 (2–5.8) years of GH treatment per patient, 995 serum IGF-I SDS determinations were recorded. In addition to BMI SDS, height SDS and GH dose (P < 0.01), etiological group (P < 0.01) had a significant effect on serum IGF-I SDS levels, with patients suffering from acquired GHD having higher serum IGF-I SDS levels than those with non-acquired GHD, whereas sex, age, pubertal stage, treatment duration, hormonal status (isolated GHD (IGHD) vs multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD)) and initial severity of GHD, had no effect.ConclusionsThese original findings have important clinical implications for long-term management and highlight the need for careful and appropriate monitoring of serum IGF-I SDS and GH dose, particularly in patients with acquired GHD, to prevent the unnecessary impact of potential comorbid conditions.
Selection During Maize Domestication Targeted a Gene Network Controlling Plant and Inflorescence Architecture
Authors: Studer Anthony J , Wang Huai , Doebley John F 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSelection during evolution, whether natural or artificial, is evidenced through the phenotype. For complex phenotypes like plant and inflorescence.....Selection during evolution, whether natural or artificial, acts through the phenotype. For multifaceted phenotypes such as plant and inflorescence architecture, the underlying genetic architecture is comprised of a complex network of interacting genes rather than single genes that act independently to determine the trait. As such, selection acts on entire gene networks. Here, we begin to define the genetic regulatory network to which the maize domestication gene, teosinte branched1 (tb1), belongs. Using a combination of molecular methods to uncover either direct or indirect regulatory interactions, we identified a set of genes that lie downstream of tb1 in a gene network regulating both plant and inflorescence architecture. Additional genes, known from the literature, also act in this network. We observed that tb1 regulates both core cell cycle genes and another maize domestication gene, teosinte glume architecture1 (tga1). We show that several members of the MADS-box gene family are either directly or indirectly regulated by tb1 and/or tga1, and that tb1 sits atop a cascade of transcriptional regulators controlling both plant and inflorescence architecture. Multiple members of the tb1 network appear to have been the targets of selection during maize domestication. Knowledge of the regulatory hierarchies controlling traits is central to understanding how new morphologies evolve.
Significant Synteny and Colocalization of Ecologically Relevant Quantitative Trait Loci Within and Across Species of Salmonid Fishes
Authors: Jacobs Arne , Womack Robyn , Chen Mel , Gharbi Karim , Elmer Kathryn R 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The organization of functional regions within genomes has important implications for evolutionary potential. Considerable research effort has gone toward identifying the genomic basis of phenotypic traits of interest through quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses. Less research has assessed the arrangement of QTL in the genome within and across species. To investigate the distribution, extent of colocalization, and the synteny of QTL for ecologically relevant traits, we used a comparative genomic mapping approach within and across a range of salmonid species. We compiled 943 QTL from all available species [lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), rainbow trout (O. mykiss), Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)]. We developed a novel analytical framework for mapping and testing the distribution of these QTL. We found no correlation between QTL density and gene density at the chromosome level but did at the fine-scale. Two chromosomes were significantly enriched for QTL. We found multiple synteny blocks for morphological, life history, and physiological traits across species, but only morphology and physiology had significantly more than expected. Two or three pairs of traits were significantly colocalized in three species (lake whitefish, coho salmon, and rainbow trout). Colocalization and fine-scale synteny suggest genetic linkage between traits within species and a conserved genetic basis across species. However, this pattern was weak overall, with colocalization and synteny being relatively rare. These findings advance our understanding of the role of genomic organization in the renowned ecological and phenotypic variability of salmonid fishes.