bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic features of ovarian cystadenofibromas: spectrum of findings.
Authors: Alcázar J L , Errasti T , Mínguez J A , Galán M J , García-Manero M , Ceamanos C 
Published: January 2017

To describe the sonographic characteristics of ovarian cystadenofibromas.We conducted a retrospective study of 23 ovarian tumors histopathologically confirmed as ovarian cystadenofibromas that were preoperatively evaluated by transvaginal color Doppler sonography.In all cases the mass was predominantly cystic. Septations appeared in 30.4% of the tumors. Papillary projections or solid nodules appeared in 56.5% of the cases. The most frequent appearance was a unilocular complex cystic mass. In 47.8% of the tumors, vascularization was detected, having a typical pattern of peripheral vascularization with scattered vessels of high blood flow impedance.We have described the sonographic spectrum of findings of ovarian cystadenofibromas. The most frequent appearance was a unilocular cystic mass with gross papillary projections or solid nodules. In almost half of the tumors, vascularization could be detected.
Assessment of Therapeutic Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated With Percutaneous Radio Frequency Ablation
Authors: Choi Dongil , Lim Hyo K. , Kim Seung Hoon , Lee Won Jae , Jang Hyun-Jung , Kim Hana , Lee Soon Jin , Lim Jae Hoon 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo compare the results of multiphase helical computed tomography and power Doppler ultrasonography with a microbubble contrast agent in the assessment of the therapeutic response to radio frequency ablation in hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsIn 66 patients with 73 nodular hepatocellular carcinomas ranging from 1.0 to 4.0 cm (mean, 2.6 cm) in diameter, contrast‐enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography was performed after intravenous bolus injection of a galactose‐based microbubble contrast agent before and after radio frequency ablation. The results of the studies were compared with the findings of follow‐up 3‐phase helical computed tomography. All patients were regularly followed up with computed tomography for more than 1 year (range, 13–19 months).ResultsIn 8 (11%) of 73 hepatocellular carcinomas, immediate follow‐up computed tomography obtained within 2 hours after radio frequency ablation showed focal enhancing portions within the treated lesions, suggesting residual non‐necrotic tumors. All 8 of these tumors had intratumoral flow signals on contrast‐enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography. The diagnostic agreement between computed tomography and contrast‐enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography was achieved in 100%. Among the remaining 65 hepatocellular carcinomas with the absence of residual tumors at both immediate follow‐up computed tomography and contrast‐enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography, subsequent follow‐up computed tomography showed local regrowth at the margins of 10 lesions (15%).ConclusionsThe results of contrast‐enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography closely correlated with those of immediate follow‐up computed tomography for detecting residual tumors in hepatocellular carcinomas treated with radio frequency ablation. Both techniques, however, showed a limitation in detecting small or microscopic residual tumors and in predicting local regrowth in the treated lesions.
Sonography in Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Lee Hsin-Yi , Grant Edward G. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo familiarize practitioners with different sonographic manifestations of renal artery compromise and the sonographic techniques for renal artery imaging.MethodsApproximately 1500 examinations evaluating for renal artery disease are performed in our vascular laboratory every year. Most of the patients have the symptoms of hypertension (possibly related to renovascular etiology) and renal insufficiency. From our cumulative experience, the optimal scanning techniques are defined for each renal artery, for extrarenal versus intrarenal vascular evaluation, and for patients with different body habitus. We have also tabulated our technical success rate. Cases with sonographic evidence of renal artery compromise are identified. The validity, sensitivity, and specificity of different parameters are examined.ResultsWe achieve an approximately 75% to 80% success rate in obtaining technically adequate studies. We have not found the tardus‐parvus waveform evaluation to be as valuable as direct interrogation of the renal artery.ConclusionsDuplex/color Doppler sonography serves a vital role in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis and occlusion; it has an excellent correlation with contrast‐enhanced angiography. It is also used for intraoperative or postrevascularization surveillance to show evidence of recurring stenosis, thrombosis, and other complications.
Role of Transcutaneous Perianal Ultrasonography in Evaluation of Fistulas In Ano
Authors: Domkundwar Shilpa V. , Shinagare Atul B. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of transcutaneous perianal ultrasonography in evaluation of fistulas in ano and to assess its possible role as a first‐line investigation, for follow‐up, and as a possible substitute for magnetic resonance imaging.MethodsTranscutaneous perianal ultrasonography was performed in 30 patients with fistulas in ano with the use of a 3‐ to 6‐MHz sector probe, a 7‐ to 11‐MHz linear probe, and a 5‐ to 7‐MHz endocavitary probe. Patients were followed clinically and at surgery to assess the accuracy of transcutaneous perianal ultrasonography.ResultsA total of 43 fistulas, sinus tracts, or both were found in 26 patients. They appeared as hypoechoic tracts. Eleven of 30 patients had the presence of a collection or abscess, which appeared as hypoechoic areas. Twenty‐four of 29 patients with positive findings underwent surgery. In these, 35 of 39 tracts were surgically confirmed (positive predictive value, 90%). The positive predictive value for demonstration of an internal opening was 85% (22/26) when compared with direct visualization or probing. Sensitivity for detection of tracts was 100%, and that for demonstration of an internal opening was 96% (26/27). The negative predictive value for sinus/fistulous tracts was nearly 100%. Transcutaneous perianal ultrasonography could not adequately evaluate suprasphincteric‐type fistulas. However, it is a good, inexpensive modality in the evaluation of patients with fistulas in ano and also helps in follow‐up of these patients. It can also be used to select patients who need magnetic resonance imaging.ConclusionsTranscutaneous perianal ultrasonography has the potential to become the first investigation in patients with perianal fistulas and abscesses.
Screening for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Sonography
Authors: Roll Shawn C. , Evans Kevin D. , Li Xiaobai , Freimer Miriam , Sommerich Carolyn M. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe use of sonography in musculoskeletal research and clinical applications is increasing; however, measurement techniques for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome with sonography continue to be inconsistent. Novel methods of measurement using internal comparisons to identify swelling of the median nerve require investigation and comparison to currently used techniques.MethodsThe flattening ratio of the median nerve, bowing of the flexor retinaculum, and cross‐sectional area of the median nerve were collected in the forearm, at the radiocarpal joint, and at the level of the pisiform in both symptomatic patients and asymptomatic control participants. Electrodiagnostic testing was completed in symptomatic patients as a diagnostic standard.ResultsMedian nerve measurements were collected from 166 wrists of symptomatic and asymptomatic participants. The flattening ratio did not show any correlation to electrodiagnostic testing and was identical between both symptomatic and asymptomatic participants. Moderate to strong correlations were noted between electrodiagnostic testing results and sonographic measurements of the cross‐sectional area at the pisiform, retinacular bowing, and both the ratio and change of the cross‐sectional area between the forearm and pisiform. The area under the curve was large for all receiver operating characteristic curves for each measurement (0.759–0.899), and sensitivity was high (80.4%–82.4%).ConclusionsMeasurement of swelling through a ratio or absolute change had similar diagnostic accuracy as individual measurement of the cross‐sectional area within the carpal tunnel. These measures may be useful for improving accuracy in more diverse clinical populations. Further refinement of protocols to identify the largest cross‐sectional area within the carpal tunnel region and statistical methods to analyze clustered, multilevel outcome data are recommended to improve diagnostics.
Sensitivity of Convex Probe Endobronchial Sonographically Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration in the Diagnosis of Granulomatous Mediastinal Lymphadenitis
Authors: Çağlayan Benan , Salepçi Banu , Fidan Ali , Kıral Nesrin , Cömert Sevda Şener , Yavuzer Dilek , Demirhan Recep , Saraç Gülşen 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the sensitivity and diagnostic value of convex probe endobronchial sonographically guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) in the diagnosis of granulomatous mediastinal lymphadenitis.MethodsPatients clinically and radiologically suspected to have granulomatous mediastinal disease and followed in our clinic between October 2008 and July 2010 were included. Convex probe EBUS with local anesthesia and under conscious sedation and EBUS‐TBNA from hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes were performed after physical examination, chest radiography, computed tomography of the thorax, and routine biochemical analysis. Detection of noncaseating/caseating granulomas was accepted as sufficient for diagnosis of sarcoidosis/tuberculosis in the presence of clinical and radiologic findings. For patients whose EBUS‐TBNA results were nondiagnostic, a definitive diagnosis was reached by invasive procedures. The sensitivity of EBUS‐TBNA in the diagnosis of granulomatous lymphadenitis and diagnostic accuracy in granulomatous hilar/mediastinal lymphadenopathies was calculated.ResultsSeventy‐two patients were included in study (20 male and 52 female; mean age ± SD, 46.22 ± 13.94 years). In 72 cases, 121 lymph node aspirations were performed. The average lymph node short axis was 1.96 cm. With EBUS‐TBNA among the 72 cases, 35 were diagnosed as sarcoidosis and 16 as tuberculous lymphadenitis. A definitive diagnosis could not be reached with EBUS‐TBNA in 21 cases. As a result, 9 of these EBUS‐TBNA–negative cases were diagnosed as reactive lymphadenitis, 9 as sarcoidosis, and 3 as tuberculosis by invasive procedures. The sensitivity values of EBUS‐TBNA for diagnosis of sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, and granulomatous diseases were 79.5%, 84.2%, and 80.9%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of EBUS‐TBNA for granulomatous diseases was 83.3%. No major complications occurred.ConclusionsIn the diagnosis of granulomatous lymphadenitis, EBUS‐TBNA, with high sensitivity and a minimum complication rate, is an alternative to mediastinoscopy.
Comparison of Sonography and Computed Tomography as Imaging Tools for Assessment of Airway Structures
Authors: Prasad Arun , Yu Eugene , Wong David T. , Karkhanis Reena , Gullane Patrick , Chan Vincent W. S. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare airway anatomic parameters as measured by sonography and computed tomography (CT).MethodsFifteen adult patients underwent CT followed by sonography of the anterior neck under standard conditions. A radiologist and an anesthesiologist with experience in airway imaging examined the scans and performed measurements of specific airway parameters: distance to the posterior surface of the tongue, thickness of the submental region, hyomental distance, depth of the epiglottis from skin (above and below the hyoid bone), thyrohyoid distance, depth of the arytenoid cartilage from skin, and fat pad thickness at the thyroid cartilage. After performing the measurements, they compared the images by the two modalities for descriptions of the structures. Means and SDs were calculated for the measurements, and a paired t test was performed to determine statistically significant differences in the measurements by sonography and CT.ResultsThe means of all parameters were closely related except hyomental distance (sonography, 5.23 ± 0.58 cm; CT, 3.50 ± 0.42 cm). The paired t test showed that the mean values for depth of the epiglottis below the hyoid (3.89 versus 4.17 cm; P = .31), thyrohyoid distance (1.03 versus 1.02 cm; P = .95), and depth of the arytenoid cartilage (2.90 versus 2.66 cm; P = .21) were not significantly different as measured by sonography and CT, respectively.ConclusionsThe study shows that sonography can reliably image all of the structures visualized by CT, and in general, infrahyoid parameters agree well between the two modalities, as opposed to suprahyoid parameters, which may be affected by unintentional head extension.
Reference Values for the Length and Area of the Fetal Corpus Callosum on 3‐Dimensional Sonography Using the Transfrontal View
Authors: Júnior Edward Araujo , Visentainer Milena , Simioni Christiane , Ruano Rodrigo , Nardozza Luciano Marcondes Machado , Moron Antonio Fernandes 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine reference values for the length and area of the fetal corpus callosum between 20 and 33 weeks' gestation using 3‐dimensional sonography.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed in 293 healthy pregnant women between 20 and 33 weeks' gestation. The length and area of the corpus callosum were obtained via the transfontal view with the metopic suture as an acoustic window using 3‐dimensional sonographic aquisitions. Linear and weighted polynomial regression models were used, which were adjusted by residual analysis and the R2 determination coefficient. Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibilities were analyzed by an intraclass correlation coefficient.ResultsThe mean corpus callosum length ± SD varied from 19.52 ± 2.24 to 40.36 ± 2.87 mm, whereas the mean area varied from 0.44 ± 0.11 to 1.47 ± 0.21 cm2 at 20 and 33 weeks, respectively. The length and area were highly correlated with gestational age: corpus callosum length = −52.41 + 4.71 × gestational age – 0.06 × gestational age2 (R2 = 0.868); and corpus callosum area = −2.47 + 0.16 × gestational age – 0.000037 × gestational age2 (R2 = 0.765). The intraobserver and interobserver reproducibilities were excellent, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.98 and 0.94 for the length and 0.99 and 0.90 for the area, respectively.ConclusionsReference values for the length and the area of the fetal corpus callosum between 20 and 33 weeks' gestation were determined with high reproducibility.
Breast Sonographic Elastography Using an Advanced Breast Tissue‐Specific Imaging Preset
Authors: Jung Hyun Jin , Hahn Soo Yeon , Choi Hye-Young , Park Sung Hee , Park Heung Kyu 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the interpretation criteria, such as the size ratio, stain ratio, and elasticity score, and to assess the diagnostic performance of sonographic elastography by using an advanced breast tissue‐specific imaging preset compared with that of conventional sonography for the differentiation of benign and malignant breast masses.MethodsConventional sonography and sonographic elastography with the tissue‐specific imaging preset were performed in 104 patients (age range, 17–76 years; mean age, 47.7 years) with 110 breast lesions (67 benign and 43 malignant; mean size, 1.69 cm). The data from the interpretation criteria of sonographic elastography were obtained. The pathologic results from surgical excision or vacuum‐assisted removal were used as a reference standard.ResultsThe values for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.959 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.902–0.987) for conventional sonography and 0.901 (95% CI, 0.829–0.949), 0.796 (95% CI, 0.708–0.866), and 0.787 (95% CI, 0.699–0.859) for the strain ratio, size ratio, and elasticity score, respectively. When a strain ratio cutoff point of 4.215 was used, the sensitivity and specificity were 86.0% and 85.1%. With a best cutoff point for conventional sonography between Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System categories 4A and 4B, the sensitivity and specificity were 93.0% and 83.6%.ConclusionsThe strain ratio showed the best diagnostic performance among the interpretation criteria for sonographic elastography with the tissue‐specific imaging preset. The diagnostic performance was slightly higher for Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System categories than for the strain ratio. However, there was no statistical significance (P = .052).
Virtual Touch Tissue Quantification Using Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Technology
Authors: Bai Min , Du Lianfang , Gu Jiying , Li Fan , Jia Xiao 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical usage of Virtual Touch tissue quantification (VTQ; Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA) implementing sonographic acoustic radiation force impulse technology for differentiation between benign and malignant solid breast masses.MethodsA total of 143 solid breast masses were examined with VTQ, and their shear wave velocities (SWVs) were measured. From all of the masses, 30 were examined by two independent operators to evaluate the reproducibility of the results of VTQ measurement. All masses were later surgically resected, and the histologic results were correlated with the SWV results. A receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to assess the diagnostic performance of VTQ.ResultsA total of 102 benign lesions and 41 carcinomas were diagnosed on the basis of histologic examination. The VTQ measurements performed by the two independent operators yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.885. Applying a cutoff point of 3.065 m/s, a significant difference (P < .001) was found between the SWVs of the benign (mean ± SD, 2.25 ± 0.59 m/s) and malignant (5.96 ± 2.96 m/s) masses. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the differentiation were 75.6%, 95.1%, and 85.6%, respectively. When the repeated non‐numeric result X.XX of the SWV measurements was designated as an indicator of malignancy, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 63.4%, 100%, and 89.5%.ConclusionsVirtual Touch tissue quantification can yield reproducible and quantitative diagnostic information on solid breast masses and serve as an effective diagnostic tool for differentiation between benign and malignant solid masses.
Diagnostic work‐up of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Weinberg Olga K. , Sohani Aliyah R. , Bhargava Parul , Nardi Valentina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by a clonal expansion of undifferentiated myeloid precursors resulting in impaired hematopoiesis and bone marrow failure. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) published revisions to the classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias. Similar to the 2008 classification, the updated classification incorporates clinical features, morphology, immunophenotyping, and cytogenetics, with greater emphasis on molecular genetics, to define disease entities. This brief review addresses the various components of pathologic assessment to establish a diagnosis of AML and to help risk stratify patients, with an emphasis on newer techniques used in the detection of mutations with prognostic significance, as well as assays employed in the evaluation of minimal residual disease following treatment.
Irreversible Conversion of a Water–Ethanol Solution into an Organized Two‐Dimensional Network of Alternating Supramolecular Units in a Hydrophobic Zeolite under Pressure
Authors: Arletti Rossella , Fois Ettore , Gigli Lara , Vezzalini Giovanna , Quartieri Simona , Tabacchi Gloria 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTurning disorder into organization is a key issue in science. By making use of X‐ray powder diffraction and modeling studies, we show herein that high pressures in combination with the shape and space constraints of the hydrophobic all‐silica zeolite ferrierite separate an ethanol–water liquid mixture into ethanol dimer wires and water tetramer squares. The confined supramolecular blocks alternate in a binary two‐dimensional (2D) architecture that remains stable upon complete pressure release. These results support the combined use of high pressures and porous networks as a viable strategy for driving the organization of molecules or nano‐objects towards complex, pre‐defined patterns relevant for the realization of novel functional nanocomposites.
Lipid Raft Formation: Key Role of Polyunsaturated Phospholipids
Authors: Wang Chang , Yu Yuming , Regen Steven L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe forces that drive lipid raft formation are poorly understood. To date, most of the attention has focused on attractive interactions between cholesterol and high‐melting lipids. Remarkably little attention has been paid to repulsive forces. Here, we show that repulsive interactions between an exchangeable mimic of cholesterol and an exchangeable mimic of a low‐melting phospholipid in liquid‐disordered bilayers can be much stronger than the attractive forces between this same sterol and an exchangeable mimic of a high‐melting phospholipid in liquid‐ordered bilayers. We conclude that polyunsaturated phospholipids have been largely overlooked as major players in lipid raft formation. This knowledge should stimulate considerable interest in controlling the levels of polyunsaturated phospholipids for the proper functioning of cell membranes.
Silver nanoparticles decorated polypyrrole/graphene nanocomposite: A potential candidate for next‐generation supercapacitor electrode material
Authors: Dhibar Saptarshi , Das Chapal Kumar 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIn the present study, we report a simple method to synthesize silver (Ag)‐polypyrrole (PPy)/graphene (Gr) nanocomposite as efficient electrode materials for supercapacitor application. The probable interaction between Ag nanoparticles with both PPy and Gr were characterized by FTIR, UV–visible, and Raman spectroscopies. The morphological analysis confirmed that the Gr sheets are uniformly coated by PPy and in the coated Gr sheets there is the presence of Ag nanoparticles. The Ag‐PPy/Gr nanocomposite achieved the highest specific capacitance of 472 F/g at a 0.5 A/g current density. Better energy and power density also obtained for the nanocomposite. The presence of both Ag nanoparticles and Gr is the main reason for the enhancement of the electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite. Based on the superior electrochemical properties, the nanocomposite can be used for next‐generation supercapacitor electrode material. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44724.