bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Trends in the Use of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy With or Without Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Authors: Lindvall Charlotta , Chatterjee Neal A. , Chang Yuchiao , Chernack Betty , Jackson Vicki A. , Singh Jagmeet P. , Metlay Joshua P. 
Published: December 2015

Background—
Candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) receive either a biventricular pacemaker or a biventricular pacemaker with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (CRT-D). Optimal device selection remains challenging because the benefit of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy may not be uniform, particularly in patients at competing risk of nonsudden death.

Methods and Results—
In this serial cross-sectional study using the National Inpatient Sample database, we identified 311 086 admissions associated with CRT implant between 2006 to 2012. CRT-D was the most common device type (86.1%), including in patients ≥75 years of age with ≥5 Elixhauser comorbidities (75.5%). Multivariate predictors of CRT-D implant included demographic, clinical, and geographic factors: prior ventricular arrhythmia (rate ratio [RR], 1.14; 95% CI, 1.13–1.14), ischemic heart disease (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.10–1.11), male sex (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.09–1.10), black race (RR, 1.06; 95% CI: 1.04–1.07), and Northeast geographic region (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04–1.09). There was significant interhospital variation in the use of CRT-D (10–90 percentile range, 72.9%–98.0% CRT-D).

Conclusions—
The majority of patients in this contemporary US cohort underwent implantation of CRT-D. Predictors of CRT-D implant included demographic, clinical, and geographic factors. In patient subgroups predicted to have an attenuated benefit from implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy (older adults with multiple comorbidities), CRT-D remained the dominant device type. An improved understanding of the determinants of device selection may aid in decision making and ultimately better align patient risk with device benefit at the time of CRT implantation.
The effect of steroid hormone feeds on the reproductive biology of the spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus (J. W. Randall, 1840) (Decapoda, Palinura)
Authors: Nan Fan-Hua , Wu Yu-Sheng , Chang Nung-Chieh 
Published: December 2015

In this study, the effects of adding steroid hormones to the feeds administered to cultures of the spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus (J. W. Randall, 1840), were investigated. The results indicate that the addition of steroid hormones in the feeds evoke (1) an increase in the ratio of ovigerous versus non-ovigerous females of up to 13.68% as compared to the controls; (2) fertilized females were present several months longer in the treatment group than in the control group; and (3) the ovigerous period, i.e., the time from fertilization until release of the young, was substantially shorter under a regime of feeding with steroid hormone additions. As a conclusion, enrichment of the feeds with steroid hormones thus distinctly increases the yield of young spiny lobsters in the course of a year cycle.
<p class="HeadingRunIn"><strong>The genus <em>Pinnularia</em> (Bacillariophyta) excluding the section <em>Distantes</em> on Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands) with the description of twelve new taxa</strong></p>
Authors: ZIDAROVA RALITSA , KOPALOVÁ KATEŘINA , VAN DE VIJVER BART 
Published: December 2015

During the ongoing revision of the non-marine diatom flora of Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctic Region) the taxonomy and morphology of all Pinnularia taxa, excluding the section Distantes, present in the samples from Livingston Island, have been analysed. Seventeen different Pinnularia taxa have been recorded. Apart from those previously described from the Antarctic Region (P. subcapitata var. elongata, P. gemella, P. austroshetlandica) and the Andes (P. strictissima), thirteen unknown taxa have been found. Based on their unique morphological features, twelve are described as new in this paper: P. australodivergens sp. nov., P. australoglobiceps sp. nov., P. australomicrostauron sp. nov., P. australoschoenfelderi sp. nov., P. hamiltonii sp. nov., P. livingstonensis sp. nov., P. magnifica sp. nov., P. microstauroides sp. nov., P. pseudolaucensis sp. nov., P. sergiplaiana sp. nov., P. subcarteri sp. nov. and P. subaltiplanensis sp. nov. For one, only a few specimens have been found and at present they cannot be identified with 100% certainty.
Mityczno-symboliczny paradygmat etniczności Johna A. Armstronga
Authors: Siewierska-Chmaj Anna 
Published: December 2015

John A. Armstrong’s myth-symbol paradigm of ethnicity The theme of this article is John Alexander Armstrong’s myth-symbol paradigm of ethnicity as a polemic with the modernist theory of nationalism, assuming duplication of the nation in relation to nationalism. According to Armstrong more important for the survival of the nation than political and economic issues, is creating and updating of mythological complex, able to maintain stability of the nation. Reminder ethnicity paradigm seems to be important in the context of the events in Ukraine and observed the process of creating a new political mythology, reinforcing the Ukrainian national identity. Mityczno-symboliczny paradygmat etniczności Johna A. Armstronga Tematem artykułu jest mityczno-symboliczny paradygmat etniczności Johna Alexandra Armstronga, jako polemika z modernistyczną teorią nacjonalizmu, zakładającą wtórność narodu w stosunku do nacjonalizmu. Według Armstronga ważniejsze dla przetrwania narodu były nie kwestie polityczno-gospodarcze, lecz stworzenie i aktualizacja kompleksu mitologicznego, zdolnego do podtrzymywania trwałości narodu. Przypomnienie paradygmatu etniczności wydaje się istotne w kontekście wydarzeń na Ukrainie i obserwowanego tam procesu tworzenia nowej mitologii politycznej, wzmacniającej ukraińską tożsamość narodową.
Polityka władz państwowych wobec wyboru i działalności metropolity Makarego, zwierzchnika Polskiego Autokefalicznego Kościoła Prawosławnego
Authors: Dudra Stefan 
Published: December 2015

Government policy towards the election and activity of Metropolitan Macarius (Oksijuk) In post-war Poland, the state authorities aimed at taking control of the religious life of the individual Churches and religious organizations. Surveillance efforts were made to maintain, among others, by appropriate selection of the superior of the Church and diocesan bishops. The election of Macarius (Oksijuk), Archbishop of the Russian Orthodox Church for the position of Metropolitan in July 1951 years should be understood in this context. The hierarch was also to give a guarantee of loyalty, implement his policy in line with the vision of communist authorities and ensure close cooperation with the Patriarchate of Moscow. Unrealized demands of the state authorities (emerging Russification trends, the lack of wider support in missionary activity among the Greek Catholics) contributed to undertake a process of dismissing Macarius from managing the Orthodox Church. Polityka władz państwowych wobec wyboru i działalności metropolity Makarego, zwierzchnika Polskiego Autokefalicznego Kościoła PrawosławnegoPowojenna polityka państwa wobec Polskiego Autokefalicznego Kościoła Prawosławnego zmierzała do ograniczenia jego roli tylko do zadań religijnych, jednocześnie przy objęciu pozostałej działalności całkowitą kontrolą. Nadzór starano się utrzymywać m.in. poprzez odpowiedni dobór zwierzchnika Kościoła. Jednym z elementów polityki był wybór na stanowisko metropolity w 1951 roku Makarego (Oksijuka), arcybiskupa Rosyjskiego Kościoła Prawosławnego. Po odsunięciu w 1948 roku od zarządzania Kościołem metropolity Dionizego władze wyznaniowe dążyły do obsadzenia tronu metropolitalnego przez hierarchę, który miałby realizować politykę kościelną zgodną z linią polityczną władz. Pomimo zrealizowania założonych celów metropolita Makary okazał się hierarchą, który nie spełnił oczekiwań władz (m.in. w zakresie polityki wobec grekokatolików), co wpłynęło na podjęcie decyzji o usunięciu go z zajmowanego stanowiska.
Powrócić do początku, czyli jak kultura maskuje swoją zmienność?
Authors: Kajfosz Jan 
Published: December 2015

Return to the beginnings, or how culture masks its changes? The aim of this essay is to describe cognitive mechanisms on which imagined intersubjectively important continuities and discontinuities in culture are based, and thus allow creating and transforming collective identities. The author uses tools of phenomenology and semiotics to provide answers to a few questions concerning cognitive mechanisms of memory and symbolic violence as well as the ways in which culture can change and adapt to current socio-political needs. These issues pertain also to nation and national identities. Powrócić do początku, czyli jak kultura maskuje swoją zmienność? Celem przyczynku jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, na jakich kognitywnych mechanizmach opiera się konstruowanie wyobrażonych, intersubiektywnie ważnych ciągłości i nieciągłości w kulturze, będących podstawą tworzenia i przetwarzania tożsamości zbiorowych. Posługując się narzędziami fenomenologii i semiotyki, autor chce dostarczyć odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: Na podstawie jakich kognitywnych mechanizmów pamięć – wraz z jej społecznymi ramami – może się dostosowywać do aktualnie ważnych społeczno-politycznych potrzeb? Na jakich kognitywnych mechanizmach opiera się przemoc symboliczna? W jaki sposób kultura potrafi eliminować pamięć o własnych przemianach? – Propozycje zawierające się w artykule wskazują na retoryczny (perswazyjny), legitymizacyjny i światotwórczy – czyli pragmatyczny – wymiar konotacji, a zwłaszcza „zgęszczeń konotacji” nazywanych przez R. Barthesa mitem. Podstawową funkcję eksplanacyjną w odniesieniu do pytań o kognitywne mechanizmy społecznego konstruowania przeszłości (inaczej: „początku”) oprócz konotacji mają tu takie kategorie, jak percepcja magiczna i myślenie magiczne.
Czerkieski ruch narodowy: emigracja – diaspora – transnacjonalizm
Authors: Chudziak Mateusz 
Published: December 2015

Circassian National Movement: Emigration, Diaspora, TransnationalismThe main purpose of this article is to give an account of historical development of Circassian nationalism. Author proposes a modernist and ethno-symbilist perspective in researching national idea of Caucasian ethnic group devided in stalinist USSR as a result of national engeenering, as well as by nineteenth century conquest of Northern Caucasus. The category of 'trans-nationalism' is based on Arjun Appadurai's understending of development of various social and cultural identities in globalising world. The case of Circassians living in North Caucasus and diaspora is viewed in this perspective. Thus, article is a historical and anthropological scope of Circassian nationalism in past two centuries. Czerkieski ruch narodowy: emigracja – diaspora – transnacjonalizmGłównym celem artykułu jest przybliżenie historycznego rozwoju nacjonalizmu czerkieskiego. W badaniach nad tożsamością pochodzącej z Kaukazu Północnego grupy etnicznej autor proponuje perspektywę modernistyczną i etnosymboliczną. Czerkiesi zostali podzieleni na odrębne grupy w wyniku stalinowskiej inżynierii narodowej. Wcześniej znaczna ich grupa została wygnana z Kaukazu podczas rosyjskiego podboju regionu. Potomkowie wygnańców tworzą dziś diasporę, której poświęcono najwięcej miejsca. Współczesna tożsamość Czerkiesów żyjących w diasporze i na Kaukazie została ujęta w ramy zjawiska zwanego w tekście “transnacjonalizmem”. Kategoria ta oparta jest na rozumieniu nowoczesnych tożsamości społecznych proponowanemu przez Arjuna Appadurai'a. W takiej perspektywie omawiana jest historia czerkieskiego nacjonalizmu w ciągu ostatnich dwóch stuleci.
Pozorne alternatywy Muhameda Filipovicia
Authors: Rawski Tomasz 
Published: December 2015

Muhamed Filipovic’s apparent alternatives This text is a review essay pertaining to Muhamed Filipovic’s book who are we, Bosniacs? The reviewer first reconstructs the idea of Bosniac identity presented in the book under review, as based on the concept of original multiculturalism. Next he criticises this idea and demonstrates its two basic weeknesses. Accordingly, he shows first that Filipovic, despite his own claims, is unable to avoid thinking in nationalist categories. Secondly, by pointing out to exclusivist, elitarist and potentially expansionist threads in Filipovic’s concept, the reviewer demonstrates its apparently only antidiscriminatory character. Pozorne alternatywy Muhameda FilipoviciaTekst jest esejem recenzyjnym dotyczącym książki Muhameda Filipovicia pt. Ko smo mi Bošnjaci? Najpierw autor eseju rekonstruuje koncepcję tożsamości boszniackiej wyłożoną w pracy Filipovicia i zasadzającą się na idei pierwotnego multilateralizmu. Następnie, koncepcja zostaje poddana krytyce, która odsłania jej dwie podstawowe słabości. Po pierwsze, krytyka wykazuje, że Filipović - wbrew własnym zapewnieniom - nie jest w stanie uniknąć myślenia w kategoriach nacjonalistycznych. Po drugie, eksponując obecne w koncepcji wątki ekskluzywistyczne, elitarystyczne i potencjalnie ekspansjonistyczne, krytyka odsłania pozornie tylko antydyskryminacyjny charakter koncepcji Filipovicia.
Konflikt rosyjsko-ukraiński w świadomości społeczności pochodzenia polskiego obwodu tarnopolskiego
Authors: Jakimowicz Marcelina Michalina 
Published: December 2015

The Russia – Ukraine conflict – awareness of people of Polish descent living in Tarnopol regionThe aim of this article is to show the Influence of the revolution - Euromaidan and Russian-Ukrainian conflict started from 2013 on the consciousness and identity of people of Polish descent living in Ternopil Region of western Ukraine. The society of the Ternopil circuit developed new strategies of social life, adapt to the situation of conflict of defining ourselves as citizens of Ukraine - Country at War. The article contains a brief outline of the events associated with Euromaidan, annexation of the Crimea and fighting separatists in the Donbass region. Based on interviews and observations, the autor shows the awareness of Polish descert of a Russian-Ukrainian conflict, describes the emotions associated with the war and its consequences for the respondents. The text is also about important issue various performances of "foreign" in the narratives of the conflict: Russian, separatist, a resident of eastern Ukraine. Konflikt rosyjsko-ukraiński w świadomości społeczności pochodzenia polskiego obwodu tarnopolskiegoCelem artykułu jest ukazanie wpływu rewolucji – Euromajdanu i konfliktu rosyjsko-ukraińskiego rozpoczętego od 2013 roku na świadomość i opinie ludności pochodzenia polskiego zamieszkałej w zachodniej Ukrainie, na terenie obwodu tarnopolskiego. Tekst zawiera krótki zarys wydarzeń związanych z Euromajdanem, aneksją Krymu i walkami separatystów w rejonie Donbasu. Autorka bazując na rozmowach i obserwacji ukazuje świadomość ludności pochodzenia polskiego o charakterze konfliktu rosyjsko-ukraińskiego, emocje związane z wojną i jej wpływem na życie rozmówców. Tekst podejmuje także ważną kwestię różnych przedstawień „obcego” w narracjach o konflikcie: Rosjanina, separatysty, mieszkańca wschodniej Ukrainy.
Vibrations Induced by Dry Friction
Authors: Jarvis R. P. , Mills B. 
Published: December 2015

Dry friction between two components in rubbing contact may often be the cause of vibration. This type of behaviour was investigated by means of a model apparatus comprising a disc and a cantilever. A mathematical theory for the oscillation of the system was developed: Lagrange's equations were used and the deflections were expressed in normal co-ordinates. Numerical analysis showed that variation of the coefficient of friction with relative velocity was insufficient to cause the vibration. The instability was due to the manner in which the motions of the components were coupled. The amplitude would grow exponentially until limited by a breakdown of the continuity of contact between the components. A refinement of the theory took account of the flexibility and dissipation of the friction material with which the cantilever was tipped. The experimental work verified the existence of stable and unstable regions as predicted by the theory. The measured amplitudes were so great that continuity of contact could not be maintained, as was to be expected if the suggested mechanism of amplitude limitation was actual. A subsidiary investigation was made of the effect of tightness of the cantilever clamp. The investigation has shown that it should be possible to avoid unwanted vibration in any system merely by careful choice of dimensions in the design.
An Investigation of the Sinking and Mandrel Drawing Processes
Authors: Blazynski T. Z. , Cole I. M. 
Published: December 2015

The experimental and theoretical investigation of the two tube drawing processes was undertaken with a view to achieving correlation between the approximate theories and drawing practice. Such correlation would, in effect, make possible the estimation of the importance and magnitude of various parameters, especially when drawing conditions are altered, without the necessity of carrying out experimental tests in tube mills. The theoretical basis for the present work is provided by the Baldwin and Sachs theory of sinking and the Sachs theory of mandrel drawing. The experimental investigations were based on 0·10 per cent carbon steel. The methods of obtaining true mean yield stress and coefficient of friction are discussed. Drawing stresses and other parameters are determined, and it is shown that, in both cases, the agreement between the measured and calculated values is good and that therefore the use of the approximate mathematical expressions is justified. The components of the total work done in drawing tubes by either of the techniques are discussed and further evidence is obtained for the statement that the amount of redundant work in tube drawing depends on the amount of sink present in the operation.
Heat Transfer and Vapour Purification in Low-Pressure Distillation Plants
Authors: Reed M. 
Published: December 2015

A part-experimental, part-analytical study, in two sections, is conducted of heat transfer and vapour purification in low-pressure distillation plants. In the first section, a mechanism of heat transfer and a synthesis of nucleate boiling are presented, based upon wet steam ebullition by the flashing of superheated water from micro-cavities in the heating surfaces and the use of simple thermodynamic laws. Values of critical temperature differences between heating surfaces and vapour, and the influences of the various heat transfer parameters are provided. Derived values of bubble diameter, bubble frequency and bubble sources are compared with experimental figures. In the second section, the causes of steam contamination are analysed and the factors which govern vapour contamination under elutriation are given. The necessity for particle-size stabilization is shown, and selected devices to stabilize and effectively remove particles of contaminants are examined analytically.
Fatigue Strength of Turbine Shafts with Shrunk-on Discs
Authors: Coyle M. B. , Watson S. J. 
Published: December 2015

In 1956–57, the shafts of three large built-up steam turbine rotors developed fatigue cracks in service under very low nominal working stresses. The fatigue cracks occurred at changes in shaft section and unexpectedly large strength reduction factors were realized. The failures have been substantially explained by fatigue tests on the shaft materials, in which normal ratios of fatigue strength/ultimate tensile stress were obtained with plain specimens up to 2 5/8 in in diameter, and strength reduction factors up to 10 were obtained with model rotor shafts about 4 in in diameter with shrunk-on collars. Additional tests have verified that modifications introduced into service at the time of the failures were effective in substantially increasing fatigue strength, and have shown the effect on fatigue strength of variations in the geometry of shafts and wheel bores.
Measurement of Temperature by Mach-Zehnder Interferometry
Authors: Wilkie D. , Fisher S. A. 
Published: December 2015

This paper is intended to bridge the present gap in publications on the subject between the very simple illustrative paper and the detailed account that can be understood only by an expert. An outline of the types of problem that can be tackled with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is followed by a discussion of the principle of formation of interference fringes in two-beam interferometry and an account of the principle of operation of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The relations between fringe shift and temperature change are derived for liquids and for gases at constant pressure and the factors that control the sensitivity are indicated. A description is given of the operations to be performed to produce fringes and some attention is given to practical details of the instrument and associated apparatus. The methods of analysing interferograms, including the use made of white-light fringes when measuring absolute temperatures are described, and some attention is given to sources of error. After an account of the application of the interferometer to temperature measurement in convective heat transfer systems, illustrated by examples from steady state and transient processes, the advantages of the instrument over other methods of temperature measurement for some problems are discussed briefly.
Steam Cycles for Advanced Magnox Gas-Cooled Nuclear Power Reactors
Authors: Worley N. G. 
Published: December 2015

Dual-pressure steam cycles like those developed for the Calder Hall power station are being employed for the early British civil nuclear power stations. Subsequent developments in fuel element design and pressure vessel technology have led to the adoption of higher reactor-gas inlet as well as gas outlet temperatures in the stations which are still (1963) under construction. However, straightforward dual-pressure steam cycles for these gas temperatures give excessive moisture levels in the low-pressure stages of the steam turbines. There are a number of methods of modifying the steam cycle to produce more acceptable conditions in the turbine low-pressure cylinder, and these are considered in the paper, both from the aspect of the problems of plant design and cycle efficiency. For the analysis a single gas-temperature line—boiler inlet 775°F and boiler outlet 475°F—is used and the alternative approaches are discussed in terms of this gas line. A short section considers steam-cycle problems of other reactor systems.
MiR-34a regulates blood–brain barrier permeability and mitochondrial function by targeting cytochrome c
Authors: Bukeirat Mimi , Sarkar Saumyendra N , Hu Heng , Quintana Dominic D , Simpkins James W , Ren Xuefang 
Published: December 2015

The blood–brain barrier is composed of cerebrovascular endothelial cells and tight junctions, and maintaining its integrity is crucial for the homeostasis of the neuronal environment. Recently, we discovered that mitochondria play a critical role in maintaining blood–brain barrier integrity. We report for the first time a novel mechanism underlying blood–brain barrier integrity: miR-34a mediated regulation of blood–brain barrier through a mitochondrial mechanism. Bioinformatics analysis suggests miR-34a targets several mitochondria-associated gene candidates. We demonstrated that miR-34a triggers the breakdown of blood–brain barrier in cerebrovascular endothelial cell monolayer in vitro, paralleled by reduction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and adenosine triphosphate production, and decreased cytochrome c levels.