bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Property Rights and Economic Growth: an Analysis of OECD and EU Countries
Authors: Haydaroğlu Ceyhun 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In recent years, institutions and institutional structure have become some of the most popular concepts analyzed by economics theory. New growth theories have especially focused on the effects of institutions and institutional structure on a macro level. Property rights are one of the most important elements of this institutional structure. The relationship between property rights and economic growth have drawn the attention of many researchers and policymakers in recent years. The aim of this study, covering the period 2007–2014, is to examine the relationship between property rights and economic growth with the help of PARDL in OECD and EU countries. According to the result of a bounds test, there is cointegration between the variables. The long- and short-term relationships between series were determined and the results taken from the analysis show that there is a positive effect on economic growth in those countries.
Planning Practices for the Protection of Cultural Heritage: Lessons Learnt from the Greek UNESCO Sites
Authors: Papageorgiou Marilena 
Published: January 2016

As in all countries worldwide, in Greece too, sites selected to become part of the UNESCO’s world heritage are representative samples of the country’s monumental heritage and therefore constitute exemplars of planning adopted for their spatial protection.
By the case study conducted in the Greek UNESCO sites, it was revealed that, despite the fact that most of the monuments are subjects of multiple zoning, little is accomplished for their spatial protection. This is either because zoning and planning launched by the Ministry for the Environment is absent or taking too long to get approved or because zoning deriving from the Ministry of Culture is void of spatial regulations. This means that on the one hand the Ministry for the Environment should proceed at a faster pace to the elaboration of Local Spatial Plans that are necessary especially in the case of monuments in rural settings, while on the other hand the Ministry of Culture should immediately proceed to the revision of Protection Zones A and B, so they fall into the guidelines of the new Law 3028 and they acquire spatial restrictions and regulations; a condition that can only be achieved with the collaboration among Spatial Planners and Archaeologists and among competent bodies.
Product Portfolio Management: An Important Business Strategy
Authors: Doorasamy Mishelle 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The aim of this article is to provide reader with a comprehensive insight on the theories, empirical findings and models of Product Portfolio Management (PPM) during new product development. This article will allow for an in-depth theoretical approach on PPM and demonstrate to managers the importance of adopting PPM as business strategy during decision making. The objective of this paper is to present a literature review of models, theories, approaches and findings on the relationship between Product Portfolio Management and new product development. Relevant statistical trends, historical developments, published opinion of major writers in this field will be presented to provide concrete evidence of the problem being discussed.
Dynamic Hazards In Critical Infrastructure Of State
Authors: Ostrowska Teresa , Krupa Tadeusz , Wiśniewski Michał 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The authors are interested in some aspects of a development project entitled “The methodology of risk assessment for the purposes of crisis management system RP (ID 193751)”. The project funded by the National Research and Development Centre under the Competition 3/2012 (security and defense). As part of the project the following items were reviewed and analyzed: materials related to the Government Security Centre, already completed and available products of the project ID 193751, and literature relating to, among other things, crisis management, critical infrastructure, business continuity, security, and threats. The basic emphasis of the article is focused on the resource-critical infrastructure interpretation of the state, whereby the state is perceived as a complex administrative structure in which, on the basis of external and internal interactions of resources, the risk of threats measurement is done.
The Gompertz Function And Its Applications In Management
Authors: Rządkowski Grzegorz , Głażewska Iwona , Sawińska Katarzyna 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In the present paper, we investigate the Gompertz function, which is commonly used, mostly as diffusion model, in economics and management. Our approach is based on indicating in a given time series, presumably with a Gompertz trend, some characteristic points corresponding to zeroes of successive derivatives of this function. This allows us to predict the saturation level of a phenomenon under investigation, by using only the early values of the time series. We also give an example of applications of this method.
Developing And Validating A Measure Of Monitoring And Evaluation For The South Africa Skills Development Context
Authors: Tshilongamulenzhe Maelekanyo Christopher 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
As nations around the world grapple with the deepening challenge of skills crunch, policies, strategies and interventions are being devised to develop and retain a competitive workforce. South Africa is not spared from the global talent war, and the persistence of skills shortages across most economic sectors makes the country vulnerable economically and socially. Legislative instruments and strategies were formulated and implemented to ameliorate the situation, but scientific evidence suggests a looming crisis due to poor monitoring and evaluation systems regarding the success of these instruments and strategies. This study develops and validates a monitoring and evaluation (ME) scale for the South African skills development context. A quantitative nonexperimental cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from 557 participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software (version 23.0). The findings show that the ME scale is scientifically valid and reliable and can be used with confidence in the South African skills development context. The findings provide scope for a validation study on an independent sample, and an evaluation of structural invariance of the ME scale across sample subgroups.
Maternal obesity is associated with a low serum progesterone level in early pregnancy
Authors: Goh Jia Ying , He Song , Allen John Carson , Malhotra Rahul , Tan Thiam Chye 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Background:
Progesterone is an important biomarker of early pregnancy failure. However, literature is limited regarding factors that influence progesterone levels in early pregnancy. Maternal obesity has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriages.

Materials and methods:
We investigated the association between maternal body mass index (BMI) and serum progesterone level in first trimester singleton pregnancies for 194 women at a tertiary maternity hospital in Singapore, from January 2012 to February 2014. Maternal characteristics and study outcomes were retrieved from clinical records.

Results:
Multivariate analysis demonstrated an inverse relationship between first trimester maternal BMI category and serum progesterone level (p=0.012). Obesity (maternal BMI ≥30 kg/m2), relative to normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), conferred an increased risk for serum progesterone <35 nmol/L (adjusted OR: 9.14; 95% CI: 2.12 – 39.5; p=0.003). The overall miscarriage rate in our study population was 13.9%.

Conclusions:
This study indicates that maternal obesity is associated with low first trimester serum progesterone. Pre-pregnancy weight optimization may be beneficial in regulation of serum progesterone level and maintenance of healthy pregnancy.
Ethical decision making during disasters1
Authors: Kalajtzidis Ján 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Neither in theory nor in practice does there exist a single model of decision making. It is very difficult to identify a model, or models, which would be most useful during and after a disaster. Within the disaster timeframe (a difficult and complex situation), specific moral dilemmas arise. All the decision making theories tend to be associated with different assumptions about human nature, the quality of the decisions made and the manner in which they are made. Different assumptions may result in different tools being used and subsequently different consequences. The paper will provide a general introduction to the ethical decision making model, and will suggest two ways in which decisions in ethics might be made. The paper will try to deepen the discussion, and suggest answers to questions such as which type of ethical decision making is better in a specific situation such as a disaster? Is there any need to use a different decision making model (from an ethical point of view) in a disaster than in another event? Nonetheless, the article does not provide explicit solutions to these questions, since providing them would require further investigation than is the aim of this paper.
Antiepileptic drugs as a new therapeutic concept for the prevention of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Recent advances
Authors: Sendrowski Krzysztof , Sobaniec Wojciech 
Published: January 2016

SummaryIntroduction.Excessive accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides in the brain results initially in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and finally in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Evidences from experimental and clinical studies show that pathological hyperexcitability of hippocampal neurons is a very early functional impairment observed in progressive memory dysfunctions. Therefore, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) whose mechanism of action is aimed at inhibition of such neuronal hyperexcitability, seems to be an rationale choice for MCI and AD treatment.Aim.To provide data from experimental and clinical studies on: 1. The unfavorable impact of neuronal hyperexcitability, mainly within the hippocampus, on cognitive processes. 2. Efficacy of AEDs against such abnormally elevated neuronal activity for the prevention of progressive cognitive impairment.Methods.A literature review of publications published within the last fifteen years, was conducted using the PubMed database.Review.The authors describe Aβ-induced hyperexcitability of hippocampal nerve cells as the cause of cognitive deficits, the connection of such activity with an increased risk of seizures and epilepsy in patients with MCI/AD, and finally the efficacy of AEDs: valproic acid (VPA), phenytoin (PHT), topiramate (TPM), lamotrigine (LTG), ethosuximide (ESM) and levetiracetam (LEV) in the prevention of cognitive impairment in experimental models and patients with MCI/AD.Conclusions.The majority of the studied AEDs improve cognitive dysfunction in various experimental models of Aβ-induced brain pathology with accompanied neuronal hyperexcitability. The promising results achieved for LEV in animal models of cognitive impairment were also confirmed in patients with MCI/AD. LEV was well-tolerated and it’s beneficial antidementive effect was confirmed by memory tests and fMRI examination. In conclusion, the use of AEDs could be a novel therapeutic concept for preventing cognitive impairment in patients with Aβ-associated brain pathology.
Epidemiology and long-term Turku outcome of childhood-onset epilepsy and mortality. Personal experiences. Part I
Authors: Sillanpää Matti 
Published: January 2016

SummaryIntroduction.Epidemiological studies on epilepsy were long based, with few exceptions, on hospital and institution patients with a subsequent bias toward more difficult cases and the reported prevalence and incidence rates were often obviously too low. Few data are available on the temporal changes in the incidence of epilepsy.Aim.To study the prevalence and incidence in an unselected child population including all the children living either in the society or in the institution, temporal changes in the incidence and mortality through five decades.Methods.The most important personal data were reviewed and compared with the relevant data of other investigators.Results and discussion.The prevalence of epilepsy in our study was 3.2/1000, quite obviously true for the contemporary methodology and well comparable with 3.4–4.2/1000 of other relevant studies published about two decades later and using a more advanced methodology. Similarly, the incidence of 35/100 000, ascertained in two Finnish studies, was comparable with the relevant contemporary literature data. Another study of ours shows that, probably associated with the people “coming from the shadows” and an improved diagnostic methodology, the incidence of childhood epilepsy has increased and is now 60–70/100 000. However, the incidence of childhood epilepsy shows an obvious decreasing trend in the first two decades of the 2000s.Conclusions.The incidence of childhood epilepsy, in all probability true for the contemporary methodology, was lower than it is now, but it now again shows a decreasing trend.
CropSyst model for wheat irrigation water management with fresh and poor quality water
Authors: Ouda Samiha A. , Noreldin Tahany , Mounzer Oussama H. , Abdelhamid Magdi T. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCropSyst model can be used as irrigation water management tool to increase wheat productivity with poor quality water. The objective of this study was to calibrate CropSyst model for wheat irrigated with fresh and agricultural drainage water. To do so, three field experiments were conducted during three successive seasons in Nubaria Agricultural Research Station, Egypt representing the newly reclaimed calcareous soils. In the first season the treatments were 100% crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of fresh water (FW) and 100%ETcof agricultural drainage water (DW), while in the second and the third seasons, the treatments were 100%ETcofFW, 100%ETcofDW, 120%ETcofDWand 130%ETcofDW. From these results one can concluded that deducting 5% of the applied water to all treatments reduced yield by 3, 5 and 7% in the first, second and third growing season, respectively as a result of heat stress existed in the 2ndand 3rdseasons during reproductive phase. Furthermore, deducting 5% of the applied water from all treatments in the vegetative phase only resulted in lower yield losses. Thus, using CropSyst model could guide us to when we could reduce the applied irrigation water to wheat to avoid high yield losses.
Agreeing with subjects in number: The rare split of Amuzgo verbal inflection
Authors: Palancar Enrique L. , Feist Timothy 
Published: January 2016

AbstractVerbs in San Pedro Amuzgo, an Oto-Manguean language of Mexico, often have two different stems in the paradigm, one used with singular subjects and the other with plural subjects. This split motivated by number is typologically interesting due to its rarity, since number splits are commonly along the S/O vs. A distinction, not the S/A vs. O distinction. Apart from at stem level, the split is also manifested in the incompletive of an inflectional class of verbs. At stem level the plural stem is derived in a variety of unproductive ways, making the relation between singular and plural stems, synchronically, one of suppletion. In this article, we study the distribution and the morphological properties of this split in depth, using a sample of almost 600 fully inflected verbs from a large database compiled by native linguist Fermín Tapia and now publicly accessible on the Surrey Morphology Group’s website. We also place it in a typological context, relating it to other systems we have observed.
Substrate temperature effect on the nanoscale multilayer ZnS/Ag/ZnS for heat mirror application
Authors: Kavei Ghassem , Nikbin Saeed 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNanoscale multilayers of ZnS/Ag/ZnS were deposited on Corning glass substrates at different substrate temperatures. The depositions were carried out in high vacuum using electron beam deposition technique at 20, 60, 100 and 150 °C, respectively. The optical and electrical performance of each single layer and the accomplished ZnS/Ag/ZnS multilayer system were characterized using spectroscopic ellipsometry analysis, XRD and finally AFM. Based on these analyses and associated theories, such as the characteristic matrix theory, the optimized multilayer system was speculated and tested. Crystallographic structures of the films were studied by X-ray diffraction. In addition to X-ray diffraction, morphological characterizations were carried out by AFM in order to observe the deposited particle size, packing and roughness of the films. The optimum performance was achieved at the substrate temperature of 60 °C.
Selected Economic Aspects Of Adopting A Local Spatial Development Plan Exemplified By The Commune Of Tomice In Malopolskie Province
Authors: Gawroński Krzysztof , Prus Barbara 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The object of this article is to analyze and asses the legal and economic consequences arising from the adoption (or change) of a local spatial development plan. The paper also presents, based on the example of the rural commune of Tomice in the Malopolska Province of Poland, how to estimate income to the commune budget from the collected planning fees. The analyses are based on planning studies, including the local spatial development plan from 2004, and the study of conditions and directions of spatial development from 2012. The council of Tomice Commune adopted the local spatial plan due to the increasing demand for residential areas. According to the plan, over 930 acres of land have been allocated for investment purposes, which is approx. 22.4% of the total area of 4,155 ha. The local plan was developed for all the six cadastral units of the commune, with one hundred percent surface coverage. The physiographic conditions and the location of Tomice Commune encourage the settlement of the urban population (from Wadowice or Krakow), which entails the need for housing investment areas. In 2012, the Tomice Commune adopted a change in the study of conditions and directions of spatial development. The proposed re-zoning of the area is in line with the policy of transitioning from an agricultural character towards the sustainable and multifunctional development of the commune. It is worth noting that the provisions of the plan of 2004 take into account the collection of a one-time fee for the sale of real estate whose value has increased as a result of the adoption of the plan. The amount of this fee for investment areas was set at the level of 30% of the increase in value, in accordance with the provisions of the Polish Act on Spatial Planning and Management. Due to the fact that the currently valid local plan has been in effect for 10 years, it can be assumed that the commune will proceed to make some changes to it. The article estimates the potentially generated income, assuming that changes in the study passed in 2012 with regards to designating land for investment purposes constitute an indication of provisions in the future local plan.
The Impact Of Changing Determinations Of A Local Spatial Development Plan On The Cadastral Value Of Real Estate
Authors: Szmatloch Karolina 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper concerns changes of the cadastral value of real estate connected with changes in the land use determinations of the local spatial development plan in a given area over the analyzed period of time.
The research has revealed a variable course of the determinations of adopted local plans over the years, which would indicate the need to re-appraise the cadastral value of real estates, as well as recharge the tax ad valorem. To demonstrate the effects of the identified changes in spatial development plans in accordance with the assumptions of mass appraisal, the cadastral value of sample real estates located in the area of research was determined. The real estates were covered by a change of intended use resulting from adopting the Local Spatial Development Plan for the City of Krakow. The conducted research confirmed a significant change in the cadastral value of real estates subjected to evaluation.
In addition, the characteristics of the knowledge base on real estates on the local market of the City of Krakow have been researched, and the valid legal acts regarding the connection of information contained in the local spatial development plan with the method of determining the cadastral value of a real estate have been analyzed.
Multi-Criteria Assessment Of Public Space From The Social Perspective
Authors: Palicki Sławomir 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This article raises the issue of assessing assets of urban public space, as a specific example of revitalizing the urban fabric. This subject is so important in that it actually defines the contemporary perception and use of the city, visualizing the forms of human functioning in common urban space which are frequently not directly verbalized and originate rather from a custom or local habit, encourages interaction, but also determines constraints in social accessibility, divides people and stirs conflicts.
The main purpose of the study is to show the possibilities of assessing revitalization projects concerning various types of public space by means of multi-criteria comparison and the relative evaluation of the available action scenarios. The paper offers a thesis that it is possible to carry out effective assessment of public space, which can be applied when making decisions regarding socially desirable directions of revitalization.
Fees For Advertisements In The Right-Of-Ways Of Public Roads Incurred By A Given Bank Brand In Poland
Authors: Płuciennik Monika , Hełdak Maria , Werner Ewelina 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This article aims to present the diversity in the rates of fees for advertisements on selected bank buildings located in the right-of-way, as well as the manner of calculating them. The research covered fees, incurred by a selected bank brand, for advertisements placed on all outlets of the bank in the area of the entire country in terms of the location of the buildings, means of establishing fees, rate of the basic fee, as well as costs incurred by the bank for placing advertisements in the right-of-way according to the state at the end of 2014.
Currently, one can distinguish a few means of right-of-way occupation for which fees are collected, including: for the purpose of carrying out construction works, locating technical infrastructure equipment or buildings unrelated to the needs of road or traffic management, and for placing advertisements (outdoor advertising). The basic rate of payments for occupying the right-of-way by advertising results directly from the ordinances regarding roads passed by local government units or thematic regulation pertaining to national roads. The maximum basic rate is specified by law.
This paper makes it possible to determine the scale of financial burdens incurred by a bank resulting from marking the outlets, as well as the differences in determining and calculating fees for signboards occupying the areas of right-of-ways among the many local road authorities.