bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Shrinkage in Human Skin, Artificial Human Skin, and Mouse Skin
Authors: Blasco-Morente Gonzalo , Lizana-Moreno Antonio , Fernández-González Ana , Aneiros-Fernández José , Arrabal Miguel , García José M. , Buendía-Eisman Agustín , Tercedor-Sánchez Jesús , Arias-Santiago Salvador 
Published: July 2017

Introduction:
The shrinkage of surgical specimens (SS) is known in human skin (HS) but has not been studied in an artificial skin (AS) or mouse skin (MS).

Objectives:
To quantify the degree of shrinkage of SS and establish its timing in HS and an in vitro and animal model to explore the possible causes of this phenomenon.

Methodology:
We collected 100 SS of HS, 50 SS of AS synthesized with fibrin-agarose biomaterials and 21 SS of MS. The width and length of specimens were measured before the surgical excision (pre-SE), at 5 minutes postsurgery (ex vivo), and after 24 hours of fixation in formalin (postfixation). Histological staining was performed to analyze the differences between HS, AS, and MS that may explain the differences in shrinkage.

Results:
Between pre-SE and postfixation, the width and length shrank by 16.1% and 17.1% in HS, 14.5% and 8.5% in AS, and 26.5% and 23.1% in MS (P < 0.01), respectively. Shrinkage largely occurred between pre-SE and ex vivo. Cells and interstitial fibers were scant in AS and abundant in MS.

Conclusions:
Almost all of the shrinkage occurred during the first 5 minutes postsurgery. According to the AS model findings, 53.6% of SS shrinkage would be explained by the action of dermal fibers and other cellular components of the dermis.
Development of a Simple and Rapid Method to Measure Free Fraction of Valproic Acid in Plasma Using Ultrafiltration and Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy: Application to Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: Xu Shansen , Chen Yanan , Zhao Mingming , Zhao Limei 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Valproic acid (VPA) is widely used as an antiepileptic drug in children, and it is usually coadministered with other antiepileptic drugs. Because of its narrow therapeutic range and large variations in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic behavior in different individuals, therapeutic drug monitoring of the trough total VPA concentration is commonly used to guide dosing. However, as only the free fraction of VPA that exerts pharmacological and toxic effects, it may be more meaningful to determine the unbound VPA concentration in plasma.

Methods:
Free fraction of VPA in plasma was extracted by ultrafiltration. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy was used to measure VPA in the negative ionization mode. This method was validated by studies of its selectivity, linearity, lower limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect, and stability.

Results:
The method was validated over a linear range of 0.2–25 mcg/mL, and its lower limit of quantification was 0.2 mcg/mL. The method's relative standard deviations for intra- and inter-day precision were <15%, and its accuracy (relative error) was ±3.22%. The recoveries and matrix effect of unbound VPA at 3 different concentrations satisfied our requirements for the analysis of biological samples, and no significant degradation of VPA was observed under different storage conditions.

Conclusions:
Simple ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy showed good performance when used to measure unbound VPA concentration, this method may be used to study the relationship between unbound VPA concentrations and its effectiveness by the use of therapeutic drug monitoring.
Depressive symptoms and weight in midlife women: the role of stress eating and menopause status
Authors: Schreiber Dana R. , Dautovich Natalie D. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Objective:
Obesity is prevalent in midlife women and contributes to poor health outcomes. Understanding mechanisms leading to weight gain in this population is of importance for prevention and intervention. The current study investigated the association between depressive symptoms and weight in midlife women by examining stress eating as a mediator between depressive symptoms and weight; and menopause status as a moderator of the associations of depressive symptoms, stress eating, and weight.

Methods:
An archival analysis was performed using data from the Midlife in the United States II study. The sample consisted of 815 premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Measures included the Composite International Diagnostic Interview–Short Form, a coping questionnaire, and body mass index.

Results:
Moderated mediation analyses were conducted with ordinary least squares path analyses using Hayes’ PROCESS macro. Controlling for covariates, depressive symptoms were not directly associated with weight (b
= −0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.4, 0.1). However, stress eating was a significant mediator between depressive symptoms and weight (b = 0.3, 95% CI 0.06, 0.3).The mediation was conditional on menopausal stage (b
= 0.2, 95% CI 0.05, 0.4), with depressive symptoms and stress eating significantly associated in postmenopausal, not premenopausal women (b = 0.3, 95% CI 0.2, 0.5).

Conclusions:
Both stress eating and menopause status significantly contributed to the depressive symptom—weight association. Psychosocial factors play an important role in the association between depressive symptoms and weight, and the results highlight the need to focus on both behavioral factors, and also menopause status, when identifying who is at risk for the development of poor weight outcomes.
The association of surgical versus natural menopause with future left ventricular structure and function: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Authors: Appiah Duke , Schreiner Pamela J. , Nwabuo Chike C. , Wellons Melissa F. , Lewis Cora E. , Lima Joao A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the association between surgical menopause (SM) versus natural menopause (NM) in relation to later left ventricular (LV) structure and function, while taking into account the LV parameters and other cardiovascular disease risk factor (CVDRF) levels that predate the menopausal transition.

Methods:
We studied 825 premenopausal women from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study in 1990 to 1991 (baseline, mean age 32 years) who later reached menopause by 2010 to 2011 and had echocardiograms at these two time points.

Results:
During 20 years of follow-up, 508 women reached NM, whereas 317 underwent SM (34% had bilateral oophorectomy). At baseline, women who later underwent SM were more likely to be black, younger, have greater parity, and higher mean values of systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and also lower mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and physical activity than women who reached NM. No significant differences in LV structure/function were found between groups. In 2010 to 2011, SM women had significantly higher LV mass, LV mass/volume ratio, E/e’ ratio, and impaired longitudinal and circumferential strain than NM women. SM women with bilateral oophorectomy had adverse LV measures than women with hysterectomy with ovarian conservation. Controlling for baseline echocardiographic parameters and CVDRF in linear regression models eliminated these differences between groups. Further adjustment for age at menopause/surgery and hormone therapy use did not change these results.

Conclusion:
In this study, the adverse LV structure and function observed among women with SM compared with NM were explained by their unfavorable presurgical CVDRF profiles, suggesting that premenopausal CVDRF rather than gynecologic surgery predispose SM women to elevated future cardiovascular disease risk.
Fully implantable, battery-free wireless optoelectronic devices for spinal optogenetics
Authors: Samineni Vijay K. , Yoon Jangyeol , Crawford Kaitlyn E. , Jeong Yu Ra , McKenzie Kajanna C , Shin Gunchul , Xie Zhaoqian , Sundaram Saranya S. , Li Yuhang , Yang Min Young , Kim Jeonghyun , Wu Di , Xue Yeguang , Feng Xue , Huang Yonggang , Mickle Aaron D. , Banks Anthony , Ha Jeong Sook , Golden Judith P. , Rogers John A. , Gereau Robert W. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The advent of optogenetic tools has allowed unprecedented insights into the organization of neuronal networks. Although recently developed technologies have enabled implementation of optogenetics for studies of brain function in freely moving, untethered animals, wireless powering and device durability pose challenges in studies of spinal cord circuits where dynamic, multidimensional motions against hard and soft surrounding tissues can lead to device degradation. We demonstrate here a fully implantable optoelectronic device powered by near-field wireless communication technology, with a thin and flexible open architecture that provides excellent mechanical durability, robust sealing against biofluid penetration and fidelity in wireless activation, thereby allowing for long-term optical stimulation of the spinal cord without constraint on the natural behaviors of the animals. The system consists of a double-layer, rectangular-shaped magnetic coil antenna connected to a microscale inorganic light-emitting diode (μ-ILED) on a thin, flexible probe that can be implanted just above the dura of the mouse spinal cord for effective stimulation of light-sensitive proteins expressed in neurons in the dorsal horn. Wireless optogenetic activation of TRPV1-ChR2 afferents with spinal μ-ILEDs causes nocifensive behaviors and robust real-time place aversion with sustained operation in animals over periods of several weeks to months. The relatively low-cost electronics required for control of the systems, together with the biocompatibility and robust operation of these devices will allow broad application of optogenetics in future studies of spinal circuits, as well as various peripheral targets, in awake, freely moving and untethered animals, where existing approaches have limited utility.
Influence of the Learning Effect on the Diagnostic Yield of Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration of Mediastinal and Hilar Lymph Nodes
Authors: Fuso Leonello , Varone Francesco , Magnini Daniele , Pecoriello Antonietta , Montemurro Giuliano , Angeletti Giulia , Valente Salvatore 
Published: July 2017

Background:
The diagnostic yield of conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is characterized by a learning effect. The aim of this retrospective study was to verify whether a learning curve similarly affected the yield of endobronchial ultrasound-guided (EBUS)-TBNA. To this end, we evaluated the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA during the first 3 years of activity.

Methods:
EBUS-TBNA was performed by 2 operators with no previous experience in this technique. Cytologic samples were obtained from mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes enlarged at a chest computed tomography scan and/or with increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake at computed tomography/positron emission tomography scan in patients with suspected lung cancer. The cytologic diagnosis of EBUS-TBNA samples has been compared with the final diagnosis obtained from further diagnostic procedures, surgery, or clinical-radiologic follow-up.

Results:
From October 2012 to October 2015, we collected 408 EBUS-TBNA cytologic samples from 313 patients: 223 samples were positive for metastatic involvement and 185 were nonmetastatic. The latter included 137 true-negative and 48 false-negative results. The final diagnosis comprised 271 metastatic and 137 nonmetastatic lymph nodes. The overall sensitivity for cancer was 82% and diagnostic accuracy was 88%. Sensitivity and accuracy per year were as follows: first year, 78% and 82% in 90 nodal samples; second year, 83% and 89% in 144 nodal samples; third year, 85% and 91% in 174 nodal samples.

Conclusions:
EBUS-TBNA can be considered as a reliable tool even if performed by operators without previous experience in this procedure, and the diagnostic yield continues to increase progressively over a long time.
Mucin Expression in the Esophageal Malignant and Pre-malignant States
Authors: Niv Yaron , Ho Samuel B. , Fass Ronnie , Rokkas Theodore 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Mucins are heavily glycosylated glycoproteins, synthesized by mucosal surfaces and have an important role in healthy state and malignant diseases. Change in mucins synthesis or secretion may be primary event or secondary to inflammation or carcinogenesis.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess the current knowledge about mucin expression in esophageal lesions, and to establish a role for different mucin expressions as prognostic markers.

Method:
English Medical literature searches were conducted for “mucin” and “esophagus.” Observational studies were included. Meta-analysis was performed using comprehensive meta-analysis software. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

Results:
In the random-effect model, mucin expression was significantly higher in esophageal lesions than in normal esophageal mucosa with OR=5.456 (95% CI, 1.883-15.807, P=0.002). Measure of heterogeneity, demonstrated in the included studies, was high: Q=287.501, df (Q)=44.00, P<0.0001, I
2=84.696%. There is a gradient of mucin expression and complexity in esophageal premalignant to malignant lesions, lower in Barrett’s mucosa with low grade dysplasia (LGD), increased in high grade dysplasia (HGD), and highest in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). MUC2, MUC3, MUC5AC, and MUC6 expression was higher in EAC than HGD, and higher in HGD than in LGD mucosa. The opposite was found for MUC1 and MUC4.

Conclusion:
Increased expression of certain mucin genes in esophageal mucosa may be further studied as a potential diagnostic tool, and this may add important information in the surveillance of Barrett’s esophagus.
Postoperative Adjuvant Therapy for Resectable Pancreatic Cancer With Gemcitabine and Adoptive Immunotherapy
Authors: Matsui Hiroto , Hazama Shoichi , Sakamoto Kazuhiko , Shindo Yoshitaro , Kanekiyo Shinsuke , Nakashima Masao , Matsukuma Satoshi , Tokuhisa Yoshihiro , Iida Michihisa , Suzuki Nobuaki , Yoshimura Kiyoshi , Takeda Shigeru , Ueno Tomio , Yoshino Shigefumi , Oka Masaaki , Nagano Hiroaki 
Published: July 2017

Objectives
We previously described adoptive immunotherapy (AIT) with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) stimulated by the mucin 1 (MUC1)–expressing human pancreatic cancer cell line YPK-1 (MUC1-CTLs) and demonstrated that MUC1-CTLs might prevent liver metastasis. In the present study, we combined gemcitabine (GEM) and AIT for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Methods
A total of 43 patients who underwent radical pancreatectomy received treatment with MUC1-CTLs and GEM. After surgery, MUC1-CTLs were induced and administered intravenously 3 times, and GEM administered according to the standard regimen for 6 months. The patients whose relative dose intensity of GEM was 50% or more and who received 2 or more MUC1-CTL treatments were used as the adequate treatment group (n = 21).

Results
In the adequate treatment group, disease-free survival was 15.8 months, and overall survival was 24.7 months. Liver metastasis was found only in 7 patients (33%), and local recurrence occurred in 4 patients (19%). The independent prognostic factor of long-term disease-free survival on multivariate analysis was the average number of CTLs administered (P = 0.0133).

Conclusions
The combination therapy with AIT and GEM prevented liver metastasis and local recurrence. Moreover, the disease free-survival was improved in patients who received sufficient CTLs.
Open Adoption Placement by Birth Mothers in Their Twenties
Authors: Clutter Lynn B. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to summarize birth mothers' descriptions of unplanned pregnancy experienced in their twenties and how open adoption influenced their lives.

Study Design and Methods:
Naturalistic inquiry was used with purposive sampling from one agency and telephone interviews of women who experienced unplanned pregnancy in their twenties and relinquishment through open adoption. Recorded, transcribed, and deidentified interviews were analyzed for qualitative themes.

Results:
Fifteen participants judiciously weighed the open adoption decision. Over half parented other children prior to placement. Most knew they could not have parented this child due to life stressors. Placement was a hard decision, but ongoing contact with birth child and adoptive family was valued. Open adoption processes made them stronger by being happy that their child experienced family life with greater opportunities than birth mothers could offer at the time. Summarized themes used the acronym COMMITTED: C—care deeply about what is best for the child, O—ongoing open adoption: good and hard, M—meeting together regularly, M—moving on in personal growth, accomplishments, and milestones, I—independence from previous stressors or crises, T—transitions, T—therapeutic support, E—emotions, D—depression giving way to deepened strength and personal direction.

Clinical Implications:
Open adoption is reinforced as a positive resolution of unintended pregnancy for birth mothers in their twenties.
Diabetes and dementia incidence in Latin America; a 10/66 population-based cohort study
Authors: Salas Aquiles , Acosta Daisy , Guerra Mariella , Huang Yueqin , Jimenez-Velazquez Ivonne Z , Rodriguez Juan J Llibre , Sosa Ana Luisa , Dewey Michael E , Gaona Ciro , Guerchet Maëlenn M , Gonzalez Loida , Liu Zhaorui , Luchsinger Jose A , Medina A M Lopez , Salinas Rosa M , Prince Martin J 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes prevalence is already high in middle income countries, particularly among older people. Current evidence on diabetes as a risk factor for dementia is limited to cohort studies in high income countries. Few studies carried out fasting glucose assessments to identify undiagnosed cases, and assess diabetes control. We aimed to determine the association between both diagnosed diabetes and total diabetes (including undiagnosed cases) and incident dementia, examining also the impact of glycaemic control on dementia risk.MethodsPopulation-based cohort studies of those aged 65 years and over in sites in Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Peru, Venezuela, and Mexico. Diagnosed diabetes was assessed through self-reported diagnosis, and undiagnosed diabetes through fasting blood samples (glucose >= 7mmol/L). Blood pressure, smoking, underactivity and waist circumference were assessed from questionnaires and physical examination. Incident 10/66 dementia (and subtypes), and mortality, were ascertained three to five years later.Results12,297 interviews were completed at baseline, with 80-95% responding by site. The ‘at risk’ cohort comprised 10,945 dementia-free individuals, of whom 8,171 (75%) provided blood samples. Mean age varied from 72.0 to 75.1 years by site. Total diabetes prevalence was 43.5% in Puerto Rico, ranging from 11.5% to 27.0% in other sites. Most diabetes cases (50.2% to 68.4%) were not controlled (fasting glucose >7.0 mmol/L). 7,000 participants were followed up for 26,423 person-years with 659 incident dementia cases, and 905 dementia free deaths. Total diabetes was associated with incident 10/66 dementia (pooled meta-analysed adjusted sub-hazard ratio [pASHR] 1.25, 95% CI, 1.05-1.49, I2=48.6%), with a stronger association for uncontrolled (pASHR 1.47, 95% CI 1.19-1.81, I2=49.6%) than controlled cases (pASHR 1.29, 95% CI 0.95-1.74, I2=13.3%). Total diabetes was strongly associated with the incidence of vascular dementia (pASHR 2.25, 95% CI 1.24-4.08, I2=23.7%), but not Alzheimer’s Disease (pASHR 0.99, 95% CI 0.70-1.42, I2=49.0%).ConclusionsDiabetes, particularly when poorly controlled, may increase dementia risk. There is considerable scope for improved detection and control of diabetes among older people in these settings, and hence an opportunity to carry out proof of concept prevention trials. Overlapping epidemics of these age dependent disorders will challenge poorly-resourced health systems in the future.
The landscape of somatic mutation in sporadic Chinese colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Zhe , Yang Chao , Li Xiangchun , Luo Wen , Roy Bhaskar , Xiong Teng , Zhang Xiuqing , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Ye Zhenhao , Chen Yang , Song Jinghe , Ma Shuai , Zhou Yong , Yang Min , Fang Xiaodong , Du Jie 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTColorectal cancer is the fifth prevalent cancer in China. Nevertheless, a large-scale characterization of Chinese colorectal cancer mutation spectrum has not been carried out. In this study, we have performed whole exome-sequencing analysis of 98 patients’ tumor samples with matched pairs of normal colon tissues using Illumina and Complete Genomics high-throughput sequencing platforms. Canonical CRC somatic gene mutations with high prevalence (>10%) have been verified, includingTP53, APC, KRAS, SMAD4, FBXW7andPIK3CA. PEG3is identified as a novel frequently mutated gene (10.6%).APCand Wnt signaling exhibit significantly lower mutation frequencies than those in TCGA data. Analysis with clinical characteristics indicates thatAPCgene and Wnt signaling display lower mutation rate in lymph node positive cancer than negative ones, which are not observed in TCGA data.APCgene and Wnt signaling are considered as the key molecule and pathway for colorectal cancer initiation, and these findings greatly undermine their importance in tumor progression for Chinese patients. Taken together, the application of next-generation sequencing has led to the determination of novel somatic mutations and alternative disease mechanisms in colorectal cancer progression, which may be useful for understanding disease mechanism and personalizing treatment for Chinese patients.
Molluscs community associated with the brown algae of the genusCystoseirain the Gulf of Naples (South Tyrrhenian Sea)
Authors: Chiarore Antonia , Fioretti Sara , Meccariello Angela , Saccone Giuseppe , Patti Francesco Paolo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe brown macroalgae of the genusCystoseiraare important habitat forming species along the rocky coasts all over the Mediterranean Sea. However, their decline at basin and local scale has been documented in many studies. We have characterized malacofauna associated withCystoseira amentacea, C. compressaandC. crinitaalong the coasts of Ischia Island (Gulf of Naples). Samples were collected by snorkeling in the infralittoral belt. The surface within 20 x 20 cm frames was scraped off and collected in three replicates each sites. The diversity and structure of community were described by number of species, the exponential Shannon and the reciprocal Simpson’s indexes of diversity. The patterns of diversity at spatial scale were assessed by alpha, beta and gamma diversity. A total of 53 species of molluscs were identified in those associations. Gastropoda were the most species-rich class followed by Bivalvia and Polyplacophora. Bivalves were dominant in terms of number of individuals because of the musselMytilus galloprovincialis.The speciesM. galloprovincialiswas the most frequent and top dominant one inhabitingCystoseiraassociations along the coasts of Ischia Island (96.6 % of the total abundance). Most of the identified molluscs species belonged to two feeding guilds: micrograzers and filter feeders (29 and 13 species respectively). Only juveniles were found providing the importance ofCystoseiraassociations as nursery for molluscs recruitment. Differences in composition and structure of molluscs assemblages were found within the three algal associations and seem to correspond both to different morphology and habitat in which these algal species live.