bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Department Recognition of Mental Disorders and Short‐Term Risk of Repeat Self‐Harm Among Young People Enrolled in Medicaid
Authors: Bridge Jeffrey A. , Olfson Mark , Fontanella Cynthia A. , Marcus Steven C. 
Published: August 2017

Previous studies of adults have shown protective associations between clinical recognition of a mental disorder in the emergency department and short‐term risk of repeat self‐harm. Similar studies of young self‐harm patients are lacking. We conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort analysis of national Medicaid claims data in patients aged 10–19 years with self‐harm who were discharged from emergency departments to the community (N = 2,703). Emergency department mental disorder recognition was not associated with a significant change in repeat self‐harm visits during the 30‐day follow‐up period. Future studies should assess whether other aspects of emergency care influence short‐term risk of repeat self‐harm.
New Social Program Participation During the Great Recession: The Case of SNAP*
Authors: Grieger Lloyd 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesIt is unknown if the explosion in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) usage during the Great Recession was due to an inflow of new participants or instead because former participants cycled back into the program. It is also unknown if the profiles of new and return participants differed on a set of core demographic characteristics, including race/ethnicity, gender, education, age, household configuration, and location.MethodsI examine the complete adult SNAP participation histories for a nationally representative cross‐section of 7,680 individuals at the end of the Great Recession. Data are from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics with observations spanning the period 1968–2010.ResultsA large number of adult SNAP participants used the program for the first time during the Great Recession. New participants were not solely young adults and often originated from groups not typically associated with social program participation, such as: whites, suburbanites, and the highly educated. Repeat participants had varying program histories prior to the recession. Some spent a substantial portion of adulthood receiving program benefits while most others were only sporadic participants.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that SNAP was very successful in reaching the many new types of people who were exposed to the risk of poverty as a result of the economic downturn.
A CRY–BIC negative‐feedback circuitry regulating blue light sensitivity of Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Xu , Wang Qin , Han Yun‐Jeong , Liu Qing , Gu Lianfeng , Yang Zhaohe , Su Jun , Liu Bobin , Zuo Zecheng , He Wenjin , Wang Jian , Liu Bin , Matsui Minami , Kim Jeong‐Il , Oka Yoshito , Lin Chentao 
Published: August 2017

SummaryCryptochromes are blue light receptors that regulate various light responses in plants. Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) mediate blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and long‐day (LD) promotion of floral initiation. It has been reported recently that two negative regulators of Arabidopsis cryptochromes, Blue light Inhibitors of Cryptochromes 1 and 2 (BIC1 and BIC2), inhibit cryptochrome function by blocking blue light‐dependent cryptochrome dimerization. However, it remained unclear how cryptochromes regulate the BIC gene activity. Here we show that cryptochromes mediate light activation of transcription of the BIC genes, by suppressing the activity of CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1), resulting in activation of the transcription activator ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) that is associated with chromatins of the BIC promoters. These results demonstrate a CRY–BIC negative‐feedback circuitry that regulates the activity of each other. Surprisingly, phytochromes also mediate light activation of BIC transcription, suggesting a novel photoreceptor co‐action mechanism to sustain blue light sensitivity of plants under the broad spectra of solar radiation in nature.
The in vitro antibacterial activity of incomplete iron salt of polyacrylic acid against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and meticillin‐resistant S. aureus
Authors: Solc Meghan K. , Weese J. Scott , Jazic Edward 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe incomplete iron salt of polyacrylic acid (IIS‐PAA) has been used for its haemostatic, wound healing and antibacterial properties in human patients. IIS‐PAA is a water‐soluble, acidic, hydrophilic polymer that is active at pH 2.9–4.0.Hypotheses/ObjectivesTo evaluate the antibacterial effect of IIS‐PAA against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) and meticillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA).MethodsThis was a prospective, nonblinded in vitro study. Sixty canine isolates of P. aeruginosa, MRSP and MRSA were included. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of IIS‐PAA were determined by agar dilution on Mueller–Hinton agar using testing concentrations ranging from 0.0625–0.4% (raw material 100%) and based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.ResultsThe median MIC for P. aeruginosa was 0.2% (range 0.2–0.3%), mean 0.2% and standard deviation (SD) of 0.018%. The median MIC for MRSP was 0.05% (0.025–0.1%), mean 0.058% and SD 0.022%, and the median MIC for MRSA was 0.1% (0.00625–0.4%), mean 0.126% and SD 0.080%. There were significant differences in MICs between the three bacteria types with MICs highest for Pseudomonas and lowest for MRSP (all P < 0.0001).ConclusionsIIS‐PAA had in vitro antibacterial activity against three important bacterial pathogens. Further studies of IIS‐PAA are indicated to assess the potential clinical benefit and in vitro studies to investigate the spectrum of anti‐bacterial activity and mode of action.
A novel jig arm to measure tibial plateau angle during tibial plateau leveling osteotomy
Authors: Restle Kyle N. , Biskup Jeffery J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the ability of a novel device attached to the proximal tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) jig pin to accurately predict intraoperative change in tibial plateau angle (TPA).Study designIn vitro cadaveric study.Sample populationLeft hindlimbs of adult dogs (n = 9).MethodsA modified Slocum tibial plateau leveling (TPL) jig with the Rotational Osteotomy Measuring Arm (ROMA) was placed on the tibia and a radial TPLO osteotomy was performed. Based on preoperative radiographic TPA measurements, the proximal segment was rotated using the traditional method of marking points on the osteotomy a specified distance apart. After rotation, the predicted TPA was recorded based on the ROMA. Postoperative TPA was measured on radiographs. The ability of the ROMA to predict postoperative TPA was compared to that of the traditional method.ResultsThe average final TPA achieved with the traditional method was 6.4° (range, 3.0‐10.0°). The ROMA predicted a final TPA of 5.8° (range, 3.8‐10.1°). No significant difference was found between the TPA predicted based on the traditional method and ROMA method.ConclusionThe ROMA may be an alternative to the traditional method of measuring proximal segment rotation during TPLO procedure.Clinical relevancePerforming a TPLO with the ROMA may accurately predict the postoperative TPA while eliminating the need for measuring chord length, making reference marks, or referencing TPA charts for various osteotomy blade sizes.
Renal denervation decreases susceptibility of the heart to ventricular fibrillation in a canine model of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Tang Xiaotie , Shi Lang , Cui Xuebin , Yu Yang , Qi Ting , Chen Cheng , Tang Xianglei 
Published: August 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Renal denervation (RDN) has been shown to be effective and safe, resulting in better control of blood pressure and an improvement in left ventricular hypertrophy in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death are common causes of death in CKD patients, but previous studies pay almost no attention to the effects of RDN on the risk of ventricular fibrillation associated with CKD.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Renal denervation could decrease susceptibility of the heart to ventricular fibrillation in a canine CKD model. Improvement of left ventricular hypertrophy, sympathetic activation and inflammation by RDN may be responsible for its beneficial effects.

Renal denervation (RDN) has been shown to have therapeutic value in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether RDN could decrease the susceptibility of the heart to ventricular fibrillation in a canine model of CKD. Twenty‐one dogs were used. Chronic kidney disease was produced by subtotal nephrectomy in 16 dogs with RDN treatment (CKD + RDN group, n = 8) or sham RDN (CKD group, n = 8). Another five dogs underwent sham operation and sham RDN to serve as controls (CTR group). Parameters of renal function, blood pressure, echocardiography, ECG, noradrenaline and inflammation were measured at baseline and 6 weeks after the surgical procedure. The ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) was determined at the end of the study. Subtotal nephrectomy successfully induced a canine CKD model. When compared with the CTR group, subtotal nephrectomy in the CKD group significantly elevated blood pressure; increased the left ventricular mass, end‐diastolic left ventricular internal dimension, left ventricular end‐diastolic posterior wall thickness and end‐diastolic interventricular septum thickness; prolonged the QT interval, corrected QT interval, the interval from the peak to the end of the T wave (Tp‐e) and the corrected Tp‐e interval; and increased the QT dispersion and the Tp‐e/QT ratio; decreased the VFT; and increased the serum concentrations of noradrenaline, C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6. Renal denervation significantly attenuated these changes induced by CKD. The study demonstrated that RDN could decrease the susceptibility of the heart to ventricular fibrillation in this CKD model. Improvement of left ventricular hypertrophy, sympathetic activation and inflammation by RDN may be responsible for its beneficial effects.
Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Tested against Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from U.S. Medical Centers, 2013 to 2016
Authors: Sader Helio S. , Castanheira Mariana , Shortridge Dee , Mendes Rodrigo E. , Flamm Robert K. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

The
in vitro
activity of ceftazidime-avibactam and many comparator agents was determined against various resistant subsets of organisms selected among 36,380
Enterobacteriaceae
and 7,868
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
isolates. The isolates were consecutively collected from 94 U.S. hospitals, and all isolates were tested for susceptibility by reference broth microdilution methods in a central monitoring laboratory (JMI Laboratories).
Enterobacteriaceae
isolates resistant to carbapenems (CRE) and/or ceftazidime-avibactam (MIC ≥ 16 μg/ml) were evaluated for the presence of genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases. Ceftazidime-avibactam inhibited >99.9% of all
Enterobacteriaceae
at the susceptible breakpoint of ≤8 μg/ml and was active against multidrug-resistant (MDR;
n
= 2,953; MIC
50/90
, 0.25/1 μg/ml; 99.2% susceptible), extensively drug-resistant (XDR;
n
= 448; MIC
50/90
, 0.5/2 μg/ml; 97.8% susceptible), and CRE (
n
= 513; MIC
50/90
, 0.5/2 μg/ml; 97.5% susceptible) isolates. Only 82.2% of MDR
Enterobacteriaceae
(
n
= 2,953) and 64.2% of ceftriaxone-nonsusceptible
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(
n
= 1,063) isolates were meropenem susceptible. Among
Enterobacter cloacae
(22.2% ceftazidime nonsusceptible), 99.8% of the isolates, including 99.3% of the ceftazidime-nonsusceptible isolates, were ceftazidime-avibactam susceptible. Only 23 of 36,380
Enterobacteriaceae
(0.06%) isolates were ceftazidime-avibactam nonsusceptible, including 9 metallo-β-lactamase producers and 2 KPC-producing strains with porin alteration; the remaining 12 strains showed negative results for all β-lactamases tested. Ceftazidime-avibactam showed potent activity against
P. aeruginosa
(MIC
50/90
, 2/4 μg/ml; 97.1% susceptible), including MDR (MIC
50/90
, 4/16 μg/ml; 86.5% susceptible) isolates, and inhibited 71.8% of isolates nonsusceptible to meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and ceftazidime (
n
= 628). In summary, ceftazidime-avibactam demonstrated potent activity against a large collection (
n
= 44,248) of contemporary Gram-negative bacilli isolated from U.S. patients, including organisms resistant to most currently available agents, such as CRE and meropenem-nonsusceptible
P. aeruginosa
.
Pharmacokinetics, Tolerability, and Bacteriological Response of Rifampin Administered at 600, 900, and 1,200 Milligrams Daily in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Aarnoutse R. E. , Kibiki G. S. , Reither K. , Semvua H. H. , Haraka F. , Mtabho C. M. , Mpagama S. G. , van den Boogaard J. , Sumari-de Boer I. M. , Magis-Escurra C. , Wattenberg M. , Logger J. G. M. , te Brake L. H. M. , Hoelscher M. , Gillespie S. H. , Colbers A. , Phillips P. P. J. , Plemper van Balen G. , Boeree M. J. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

In a multiple-dose-ranging trial, we previously evaluated higher doses of rifampin in patients for 2 weeks. The objectives of the current study were to administer higher doses of rifampin for a longer period to compare the pharmacokinetics, safety/tolerability, and bacteriological activity of such regimens. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial, 150 Tanzanian patients with tuberculosis (TB) were randomized to receive either 600 mg (approximately 10 mg/kg of body weight), 900 mg, or 1,200 mg rifampin combined with standard doses of isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol administered daily for 2 months. Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling occurred in 63 patients after 6 weeks of treatment, and safety/tolerability was assessed. The bacteriological response was assessed by culture conversion in liquid and solid media. Geometric mean total exposures (area under the concentration-versus-time curve up to 24 h after the dose) were 24.6, 50.8, and 76.1 mg · h/liter in the 600-mg, 900-mg, and 1,200-mg groups, respectively, reflecting a nonlinear increase in exposure with the dose (
P
< 0.001). Grade 3 adverse events occurred in only 2 patients in the 600-mg arm, 4 patients in the 900-mg arm, and 5 patients in the 1,200-mg arm. No significant differences in the bacteriological response were observed. Higher daily doses of rifampin (900 and 1,200 mg) resulted in a more than proportional increase in rifampin exposure in plasma and were safe and well tolerated when combined with other first-line anti-TB drugs for 2 months, but they did not result in improved bacteriological responses in patients with pulmonary TB. These findings have warranted evaluation of even higher doses of rifampin in follow-up trials. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT00760149.)
Comparison of Cytomegalovirus Terminase Gene Mutations Selected after Exposure to Three Distinct Inhibitor Compounds
Authors: Chou Sunwen 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTLetermovir, GW275175X (a benzimidazole), and tomeglovir (Bay38-4766) are chemically unrelated human cytomegalovirus (CMV) terminase complex inhibitors that have been tested in human subjects. UL56 gene mutations are the dominant pathway of letermovir resistance, while UL89 and UL56 mutations are known to confer benzimidazole resistance. This study compares the mutations elicited by the three inhibitors duringin vitroCMV propagation. GW275175X consistently selected for UL89 D344E and sometimes selected for UL89 C347S, UL89 R351H, or UL56 Q204R. Tomeglovir consistently selected for UL89 V362M and sometimes selected for UL89 N329S, T350M, H389N, or N405D or UL56 L208M, E407D, H637Q, or V639M. Adding to known and novel UL56 mutations, letermovir occasionally selected for UL89 N320H, D344E, or M359I. Recombinant phenotyping confirmed that UL89 D344E conferred 9-fold resistance (an increased 50% effective concentration [EC50]) for GW275175X and increased the letermovir and tomeglovir EC50s by 1.7- to 2.1-fold for the baseline virus and the UL56 Q204R, E237D, F261L, and M329T mutants. UL89 N320H and M359I conferred <2-fold letermovir resistance but 7-fold tomeglovir resistance; the N320H mutant was also 4-fold resistant to GW275175X. UL89 N329S conferred tomeglovir and letermovir cross-resistance. UL89 T350M conferred resistance to all three inhibitors. UL89 C347S conferred 27-fold GW275175X resistance. UL89 V362M and H389N conferred 98-fold and 29-fold tomeglovir resistance, respectively, without conferring cross-resistance. Thus, characteristic UL89 mutations confer substantial resistance to GW275175X and tomeglovir and are an uncommon accessory pathway of letermovir resistance. Instances of moderate cross-resistance and the proximity of the selected UL89 and UL56 mutations suggest targeting of a similar terminase functional locus involving UL56 and UL89 interaction.
Spontaneous Loss of Virulence in Natural Populations of Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Maury Mylène M. , Chenal-Francisque Viviane , Bracq-Dieye Hélène , Han Lei , Leclercq Alexandre , Vales Guillaume , Moura Alexandra , Gouin Edith , Scortti Mariela , Disson Olivier , Vázquez-Boland José A. , Lecuit Marc 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

The pathogenesis of
Listeria monocytogenes
depends on the ability of this bacterium to escape from the phagosome of the host cells via the action of the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO). Expression of the LLO-encoding gene (
hly
) requires the transcriptional activator PrfA, and both
hly
and
prfA
genes are essential for
L. monocytogenes
virulence. Here, we used the hemolytic activity of LLO as a phenotypic marker to screen for spontaneous virulence-attenuating mutations in
L. monocytogenes
. Sixty nonhemolytic isolates were identified among a collection of 57,820 confirmed
L. monocytogenes
strains isolated from a variety of sources (0.1%). In most cases (56/60; 93.3%), the nonhemolytic phenotype resulted from nonsense, missense, or frameshift mutations in
prfA
. Five strains carried
hly
mutations leading to a single amino acid substitution (G299V) or a premature stop codon causing strong virulence attenuation in mice. In one strain, both
hly
and
gshF
(encoding a glutathione synthase required for full PrfA activity) were missing due to genomic rearrangements likely caused by a transposable element. The PrfA/LLO loss-of-function (PrfA
−
/LLO
−
) mutants belonged to phylogenetically diverse clades of
L. monocytogenes
, and most were identified among nonclinical strains (57/60). Consistent with the rare occurrence of loss-of-virulence mutations, we show that
prfA
and
hly
are under purifying selection. Although occurring at a low frequency, PrfA
−
/LLO
−
mutational events in
L. monocytogenes
lead to niche restriction and open an evolutionary path for obligate saprophytism in this facultative intracellular pathogen.
Correlation between preconception maternal non-occupational exposure to interior decoration or oil paint odour and average birth weight of neonates: findings from a nationwide cohort study in China’s rural areas
Authors: Liu Huiting , Chen Shi , Zhu Huijuan , Yang Hongbo , Gong Fengying , Wang Linjie , Jiang Yu , Lian Bill Q , Yan Chengsheng , Li Jianqang , Wang Qing , Zhang Shikun , Pan Hui 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundBirth weight is a critical indicator of neonatal health and foretells people’s health in adolescence and even adulthood. Some researchers have warned against the adverse effects on babies’ birth weight of exposure to pollutants in interior decoration or oil paint by odour intake. This study evaluated the effects of maternal exposure to such factors before conception on the birth weights of neonates.MethodsData on 213 461 cases in this study were from the database of the free National Pre-pregnancy Checkups Project. Defined as ‘exposed’ were those women exposed to oil paint odour or interior decoration at home or in the workplace within 6 months before their pregnancy. The study focused on revealing the correlation between such exposure and the birth weight of the neonates of these women, especially the incidence of macrosomia and low birth weight (LBW). Statistical analysis was conducted using the Kruskal–Wallis H test, the Mann–Whitney U test and logistic regression.ResultsThe birth weight of babies from mothers non-occupationally exposed to such settings averaged 3465 g (range 3150–3650 g), whereas the birth weight of those from mothers free of such exposure averaged 3300 g (range 3000–3600g). Maternal exposure preconception to interior decoration or oil paint odour reduced the incidence of LBW in their babies (p=0.003, OR 0.749, 95% CI 0.617 to 0.909). Such exposure may also augment the probability of macrosomia (p<0.001, OR 1.297, 95% CI 1.133 to 1.484).ConclusionMaternal exposure to interior decoration or oil paint odour preconception may increase the average birth weight of neonates, as well as the incidence of macrosomia.
Socioeconomic status and prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases in Chinese women: a structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Yin Hui , Wu Qunhong , Cui Yu , Hao Yanhua , Liu Chaojie , Li Ye , Liang Libo , Wang Limin , Tao Yuchun 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of socioeconomic status (SES) in chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and offer theoretical evidence for the prevention and control of NCDs.DesignCross-sectional survey and structural equation modelling.SettingNationwide, China.ParticipantsFemale participants in the 2008 National Health Services Survey in China who were 15 years and older.ResultsSES factors were associated with the increased risk of NCDs in Chinese women. Education was identified as the most important factor with a protective role (factor loading=−0.115) for NCDs. Income mainly affected NCDs directly, whereas occupation mainly affected NCDs indirectly. The effects of SES on NCDs were more significant than that of smoking. Medical insurance, smoking and self-reported health played a mediating role in the correlations between those SES factors and NCDs.ConclusionsIn China, socioeconomic disparities associated with the prevalence of NCDs exist among women. Educational and social interventions are needed to mitigate their negative consequences on health outcomes in Chinese women.