bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daclizumab high‐yield process reduced the evolution of new gadolinium‐enhancing lesions to T1 black holes in patients with relapsing−remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Radue E.‐W. , Sprenger T. , Vollmer T. , Giovannoni G. , Gold R. , Havrdova E. , Selmaj K. , Stefoski D. , You X. , Elkins J. 
Published: January 2016

Background and purposeIn the SELECT study, treatment with daclizumab high‐yield process (DAC HYP) versus placebo reduced the frequency of gadolinium‐enhancing (Gd+) lesions in patients with relapsing−remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The objective of this post hoc analysis of SELECT was to evaluate the effect of DAC HYP on the evolution of new Gd+ lesions to T1 hypointense lesions (T1 black holes).MethodsSELECT was a randomized double‐blind study of subcutaneous DAC HYP 150 or 300 mg or placebo every 4 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed at baseline and weeks 24, 36 and 52 in all patients and monthly between weeks 4 and 20 in a subset of patients. MRI scans were evaluated for new Gd+ lesions that evolved to T1 black holes at week 52. Data for the DAC HYP groups were pooled for analysis.ResultsDaclizumab high‐yield process reduced the number of new Gd+ lesions present at week 24 (P = 0.005) or between weeks 4 and 20 (P = 0.014) that evolved into T1 black holes at week 52 versus placebo. DAC HYP treatment also reduced the percentage of patients with Gd+ lesions evolving to T1 black holes versus placebo.ConclusionsTreatment with DAC HYP reduced the evolution of Gd+ lesions to T1 black holes versus placebo, suggesting that inflammatory lesions that evolved during DAC HYP treatment are less destructive than those evolving during placebo treatment.
Association between eye position on brain scan and hospital mortality in acute intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Frusch K. J. M. , Houben R. , Schreuder F. H. B. M. , Postma A. A. , Staals J. 
Published: January 2016

Background and purposeConjugate eye deviation (CED) and horizontal skew deviation are often seen in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but its prognostic significance is unclear. In this study, the association between brain scan assessed eye position and hospital mortality in patients with supratentorial ICH was tested.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed in 316 patients with supratentorial ICH. Eye position was measured on first brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with CED, horizontal skew deviation or no deviation were distinguished. The association between eye position and hospital mortality was assessed using logistic regression analysis.ResultsConjugate eye deviation was present in 96 (30.4%), skew deviation in 44 (13.9%) and no deviation in 176 (55.7%) patients. In patients with CED, 81.3% had an eye position to the ipsilateral side of the hemorrhage. In univariable regression analysis, skew deviation was associated with mortality (odds ratio 3.10, 95% confidence interval 1.57–6.11; P = 0.001). In multivariable regression analysis, adjusting for age, ICH volume, intraventricular extension and Glasgow Coma Scale, eye position was not independently associated with mortality.ConclusionHorizontal skew eyes were found to be an unfavorable prognostic factor. However, this was not independent of other important predictors of ICH mortality and is most probably explained by its association with worse initial clinical presentation.
Fuzzy risk assessment of mortality after coronary surgery using combination of adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system and K‐means clustering
Authors: Nouei Mahyar Taghizadeh , Kamyad Ali Vahidian , Sarzaeem MahmoodReza , Ghazalbash Somayeh 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a fuzzy expert system based on adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is introduced to assess the mortality after coronary bypass surgery. In preprocessing phase, the attributes were reduced using a univariant analysis in order to make the classifier system more effective. Prognostic factors with a p‐value of less than 0.05 in chi‐square or t‐student analysis were given to inputs ANFIS classifier. The correct diagnosis performance of the proposed fuzzy system was calculated in 824 samples. To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed system, the study compared the performance of fuzzy system based on ANFIS method through the binary logistic regression with the same attributes. The experimental results showed that the fuzzy model (accuracy: 96.4%; sensitivity: 66.6%; specificity: 97.2%; and area under receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.82) consistently outperformed the logistic regression (accuracy: 89.4%; sensitivity: 47.6%; specificity: 89.4%; and area under receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.62). The obtained classification accuracy of fuzzy expert system was very promising with regard to the traditional statistical methods to predict mortality after coronary bypass surgery such as binary logistic regression model.
Quantifying subjective human dimensions of recreational fishing: does good health come to those who bait?
Authors: Griffiths Shane P , Bryant Joanne , Raymond Henry F , Newcombe Peter A 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRecreational fishing is a popular sport and leisure activity in many countries worldwide. There has been growing interest by recreational fishing groups and researchers in the perceived physical and psychological health and social (or ‘biopsychosocial’) benefits of recreational fishing. However, quantifying the key subjective ‘human dimensions’ of fishing that satisfy both the needs of recreational fishing groups and fishery managers is a major obstacle. We propose the use of psychometrically valid health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) measures widely used in the medical and health sciences – namely the Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36) – as rapid, reliable and cost‐effective instruments for quantifying HRQOL of recreational fishers. The widespread use of SF‐36 and availability of population normative data allows comparisons of the HRQOL of recreational fishers across multiple temporal and spatial scales, with participants of other activities, and the general population. The use of such measures in periodic surveys allows the biopsychosocial status of a recreational fishery's participants to be assessed using a modified Kobe plot, a graphical format that is easily interpretable and consistent with existing reporting formats used in fisheries stock assessment. Future biopsychosocial research in recreational fisheries can further benefit from interdisciplinary collaboration to develop a suite of standardized psychometrically valid and reliable instruments for assessing specific issues that commonly affect recreational fisheries from regional to international scales, such as drivers of fisher motivation, behaviour and satisfaction.
Coupled fracture modes of discs and plates under anti‐plane loading and a disc under in‐plane shear loading
Authors: Pook L. P. , Campagnolo A. , Berto F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThree‐dimensional effects near crack tips have been deeply investigated in the past, but the topic is still ongoing and under investigation. However, the understanding is in some cases limited, and the problem requires further attention. Three‐dimensional effects are in fact neglected in situations where they may play an important role. The main aim of this review paper is to summarise some recent results of a study carried out on the coupled in‐plane fracture mode induced by a nominal anti‐plane (mode III) loading applied to plates and discs weakened by a straight crack. Only linear elastic conditions are considered herein. The results derived by a large bulk of finite element models allow a better understanding of coupled modes generated by anti‐plane loading. The influence of plate/disc bending on three‐dimensional stress fields is considered in the investigation, showing that it becomes non‐negligible as the thickness decreases. Some considerations on the trend of KIII as the corner point is approached are also part of this paper. In addition, the trend of the strain energy density (SED) in a volume surrounding the crack tip is shown and commented on. This parameter allows the precise determination of the weakest point of the component through the thickness becoming a useful tool. Some new results for a disc under in‐plane shear loading are included. These results clarify the influence of disc bending under anti‐plane loading.
Risk screening of non‐native freshwater fishes in Croatia and Slovenia using the Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit
Authors: Piria M. , Povž M. , Vilizzi L. , Zanella D. , Simonović P. , Copp G. H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK) version 2 was used to assess the invasiveness potential of 40 introduced and translocated freshwater fish species to Croatia and Slovenia. Based on a priori classification of invasiveness, receiver operating characteristic analysis of FISK scores from two independent assessors resulted in a statistically significant calibration threshold of 11.75. This indicated that FISK was able to discriminate reliably between non‐native species likely to pose a high risk of being invasive and those likely to pose a medium or low risk of invasiveness. Seven species were categorised as ‘medium risk’ and the other 33 as ‘high risk’, whereas no species was categorised as ‘low risk’. The two highest scoring species were European catfish Silurus glanis and North African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Mean scores for all species classified a priori as invasive were ranked as ‘high risk’ sensu lato and fell into the ‘moderately high risk’ subcategory. FISK proved to be a valid tool for assessing the risks posed by non‐native fishes in Croatia and Slovenia. For this reason, it can be adopted as a reliable tool for the prevention of new translocations or introductions of potentially invasive species in the risk assessment area, as well as to assist in decisions regarding future management (i.e. monitoring, control and eradication) and conservation strategies.
Early detection of reproduction deficits and the compensatory potential of enhancement stocking for vendace, Coregonus albula, fisheries in German lakes
Authors: Wanke T. , Brämick U. , Mehner T. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEnhancement stocking is a widespread but rarely evaluated practice in German vendace, Coregonus albula L. fisheries, which is precautionarily carried out to buffer yield fluctuations. However, it is assumed that stocking of larval vendace can elevate year‐class strength only in the presence of substantial reproductive deficits, which so far cannot be detected prior to the spring time period when stocking is conducted by fisheries managers. Simple measures for the early quantification of natural reproduction were tested, and the efficiency of larval enhancement stocking in a lake with strong reproduction deficits was analysed. Analysis in four lakes over 3 years revealed a significant positive correlation between standardised catches of vendace larvae caught with pump‐driven illuminated traps in spring and the abundance of young‐of‐year (YoY) vendace in the following autumn, whereas standardised catches of spawners were insufficient to forecast YoY recruitment. In a lake with low natural vendace reproduction, stocked vendace contributed 73–100% of year‐class strength and fisheries yield. Accordingly, enhancement stocking can efficiently compensate for reproduction deficits, and the simple larvae sampling method may facilitate early detection of these deficits, which would allow fisheries managers to respond accordingly through larvae stocking.
Movement patterns of adult peacock bass Cichla temensis between tributaries of the middle Negro River basin (Amazonas – Brazil): an otolith geochemical analysis
Authors: Sousa R. G. C. , Humston R. , Freitas C. E. C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGeological heterogeneity in the Negro River basin creates differences in isotopic and elemental composition of rivers. Recent studies indicate that 87Sr/86Sr, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca can be used to determine the natal origins of peacock bass Cichla temensis (Humboldt) and reconstruct individual movement histories. This method was used to analyse otoliths from adult C. temensis collected from two locations on the mainstem Negro River and six tributaries around these core areas. Applying discriminant functions derived from young‐of‐year reference otolith data to determine natal origins of adults indicated that 42% of adults sampled were collected from the same area in which they were spawned. However, variation in 87Sr/86Sr isotope values along the axis of otoliths indicated that C. temensis movements are much more dynamic than previously concluded. This new information on the spatial distribution of C. temensis can be used to support effective strategies for fishery management in the Negro River basin.
The regional species richness and genetic diversity ofArctic vegetation reflect both past glaciations and current climate
Authors: Stewart Lærke , Alsos Inger G. , Bay Christian , Breen Amy L. , Brochmann Christian , Boulanger‐Lapointe Noémie , Broennimann Olivier , Bültmann Helga , Bøcher Peder Klith , Damgaard Christian , Daniëls Fred J. A. , Ehrich Dorothee , Eidesen Pernille Bronken , Guisan Antoine , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg Svala , Lenoir Jonathan , le Roux Peter C. , Lévesque Esther , Luoto Miska , Nabe‐Nielsen Jacob , Schönswetter Peter , Tribsch Andreas , Tveraabak Liv Unn , Virtanen Risto , Walker Donald A. , Westergaard Kristine B. , Yoccoz Nigel G. , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Wisz Mary , Schmidt Niels Martin , Pellissier Loïc 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTheArctic has experienced marked climatic differences between glacial and interglacial periods and is now subject to a rapidly warming climate. Knowledge of the effects of historical processes on current patterns of diversity may aid predictions of the responses of vegetation to future climate change. We aim to test whether plant species and genetic diversity patterns are correlated with time since deglaciation at regional and local scales. We also investigate whether species richness is correlated with genetic diversity in vascular plants.LocationCircumarctic.MethodsWe investigated species richness of the vascular plant flora of 21 floristic provinces and examined local species richness in 6215 vegetation plots distributed across theArctic. We assessed levels of genetic diversity inferred from amplified fragment length polymorphism variation across populations of 23 commonArctic species. Correlations between diversity measures and landscape age (time since deglaciation) as well as variables characterizing current climate were analysed using spatially explicit simultaneous autoregressive models.ResultsRegional species richness of vascular plants and genetic diversity were correlated with each other, and both showed a positive relationship with landscape age. Plot species richness showed differing responses for vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens. At this finer scale, the richness of vascular plants was not significantly related to landscape age, which had a small effect size compared to the models of bryophyte and lichen richness.Main conclusionOur study suggests that imprints of past glaciations inArctic vegetation diversity patterns at the regional scale are still detectable today. SinceArctic vegetation is still limited by post‐glacial migration lag, it will most probably also exhibit lags in response to current and future climate change. Our results also suggest that local species richness at the plot scale is more determined by local habitat factors.
Increase in GFAP‐positive astrocytes in histone demethylase GASC1/KDM4C/JMJD2C hypomorphic mutant mice
Authors: Sudo Genki , Kagawa Tetsushi , Kokubu Yasuhiro , Inazawa Johji , Taga Tetsuya 
Published: January 2016

GASC1, also known as KDM4C/JMJD2C, is a histone demethylase for histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and H3K36. In this study, we observed an increase of GFAP‐positive astrocytes in the brain of Gasc1 hypomorphic mutant mice at 2–3 months of age, but not at postnatal day 14 and day 30 by immunohistochemistry. Increases of GFAP‐positive astrocytes were widely observed in the forebrain and prominent in such regions as cerebral cortex, caudate putamen, amygdala and diencephalon, but not obvious in hippocampus. Taken together with our observations to be published elsewhere that Gasc1 hypomorphic mutant mice exhibit abnormal behaviors including hyperactivity, persistence and many types of learning and memory deficits and abnormal synaptic functions such as prolonged long‐term potentiation, the increase in GFAP‐positive astrocytes may help understand their phenotypes, because astrocytes are known to affect synaptic plasticity.
Immunohistochemical detection of the delayed formation of nonfibrillar large amyloid‐β aggregates
Authors: Ochiishi Tomoyo , Itakura Akira , Liu Lei , Akatsu Hiroyasu , Kohno Hideki , Nishimura Masaki , Yoshimune Kazuaki 
Published: January 2016

The occurrence of senile plaques consisting of amyloid‐β protein (Aβ) is a major neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously developed and characterized monoclonal antibodies 31‐2 and 75‐2 that specifically bind to nonfibrillar Aβ1–42 aggregates with diameters of more than 220 and 50 nm, respectively. Here, we report the use of these antibodies to examine the aggregation of exogenous Aβ1–42 in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. From 6 to 24 h after transfection of Aβ1–42, antibody 75‐2 immunolabeled almost all transfected neurons, whereas 31‐2‐positive cells were restricted to a part of the transfected neurons and gradually increased in number. Expression of the F19S/L34P‐mutant Aβ1–42, which showed less of a tendency to aggregate, resulted in clearly reduced immunoreactivity to both antibodies. We also immunohistochemically investigated the temporal cortices of patients with AD and found that 31‐2 preferentially labeled the cores of a subpopulation of large amyloid plaques. The relative number of 31‐2‐immunoreactive plaques was found to correlate with the Braak stages of neurofibrillary tangles, but not with that of amyloid plaques. These results suggest that 31‐2‐reactive Aβ aggregates develop with a delayed time course in cultured neurons and amyloid plaques of AD brains.
The Joy of the Gospel amid the Crisis of Communal Commitment
Authors: Kudiyiruppil Mary John 
Published: January 2016

AbstractChapter Two of Evangelii Gaudium constitutes a major portion of the encyclical in terms of the significant concerns it raises in the area of evangelization. This article summarizes the key teachings of Chapter Two and highlights the dominant themes and salient features together with some personal reflections. In Chapter Two of the encyclical, the pope clearly elaborates on the individual and communal factors that can weaken the spirit of evangelization and warns all to beware of the danger of falling prey to the consumerist, profit‐driven, and individualistic economy and culture. He attacks the exclusive economy, globalized indifference, and the idolatrized attitude to money, and asserts that the church is duty‐bound to show that there is a new and better way of relating to God, others, and the world. This responsibility, first and foremost, rests with evangelizers, who must be witnesses of the good news through their lives of generosity, courage, commitment, and community consciousness. The heart of the second chapter's message is a plea to all pastoral workers to come out of their private spheres, to recognize their place in the larger human family, and to engage in pastoral activities as a community in a revolution of tenderness.
Making Disciples: Pope Francis’ Paradigm for Mission
Authors: Magesa Laurenti 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article examines Chapter Three of Pope Francis’ apostolic exhortation, Evangelii Gaudium, specifically his explanation of the meaning of the mission of God to proclaim the gospel throughout the world of which the church is custodian. Chapter Three addresses the issue of evangelizing in the context of the contemporary world. In a subtle but clear way, it paints a contrast between previous approaches to evangelization with their shortcomings and the call for fresh ones, or a “new evangelization.” In the physical centre of the document, Chapter Three of Evangelii Gaudium ties together the discussion on the contemporary challenges facing mission in the first two chapters, and the practical needs of the undertaking in the last two. It emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive “inculturation” with reference to everything pertaining to evangelization. Finally, it offers guidelines about preaching an effective homily, an important dimension of ongoing catechesis and church transformation.
Chapter Four of Evangelii Gaudium: The Social Dimension of Evangelization
Authors: Himes Kenneth 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis contribution summarizes the four major sections of Chapter Four of Evangelii Gaudium, and offers reflections about the papal text. It concludes with Pope Francis’ proclamation that the kerygma is at the heart of evangelization, but that the gospel message has necessary social implications. Chief among those implications are treating the poor with justice and building cultures of peace through social dialogue. Francis is not the first to say these things, but he brings a genuine modesty to expectations about the role of the Petrine ministry within the process of evangelization. He also brings a direct and urgent style to articulate the centrality of the social dimension of evangelization.
The Church in the Contemporary Ecumenical‐Missional Moment: Together towards Life in Dialogue with The Cape Town Commitment and Evangelii Gaudium
Authors: Armstrong John H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe doctrine of the church has always been important to developments in mission and ecumenism – a fact that has been true since the birth of the modern ecumenical movement and is no less so today. This article compares three recent documents – the WCC's Together towards Life (2013), the Lausanne Movement's Cape Town Commitment (2011), and Pope Francis' exhortation Evangelii Gaudium (2014) – in light of the rise of a prominent new way of expressing the role of the church in the mission of Christ (missio Dei). This theological development has significantly impacted mission and ecumenical thinking and practice in recent decades, requiring us to consider the church's relationship to mission in a new and important way. The article reveals various aspects of missio Dei theology at work in all three of these documents, and finally looks at the visionary leadership of Pope Francis in calling the Catholic Church to a joyful expression of the gospel of Christ through both words and deeds. EG does not so much address the doctrine of the church as it assumes it. Its concern is far more pastoral: “How do we more effectively and powerfully communicate the gospel in our time?”