bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remodeling of peripheral nerve ensheathment during the larval‐to‐adult transition in Drosophila
Authors: Subramanian Aswati , Siefert Matthew , Banerjee Soumya , Vishal Kumar , Bergmann Kayla A. , Curts Clay C.M. , Dorr Meredith , Molina Camillo , Fernandes Joyce 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTOver the course of a 4‐day period of metamorphosis, the Drosophila larval nervous system is remodeled to prepare for adult‐specific behaviors. One example is the reorganization of peripheral nerves in the abdomen, where five pairs of abdominal nerves (A4–A8) fuse to form the terminal nerve trunk. This reorganization is associated with selective remodeling of four layers that ensheath each peripheral nerve. The neural lamella (NL), is the first to dismantle; its breakdown is initiated by 6 hours after puparium formation, and is completely removed by the end of the first day. This layer begins to re‐appear on the third day of metamorphosis. Perineurial glial (PG) cells situated just underneath the NL, undergo significant proliferation on the first day of metamorphosis, and at that stage contribute to 95% of the glial cell population. Cells of the two inner layers, Sub‐Perineurial Glia (SPG) and Wrapping Glia (WG) increase in number on the second half of metamorphosis. Induction of cell death in perineurial glia via the cell death gene reaper and the Diptheria toxin (DT‐1) gene, results in abnormal bundling of the peripheral nerves, suggesting that perineurial glial cells play a role in the process. A significant number of animals fail to eclose in both reaper and DT‐1 targeted animals, suggesting that disruption of PG also impacts eclosion behavior. The studies will help to establish the groundwork for further work on cellular and molecular processes that underlie the co‐ordinated remodeling of glia and the peripheral nerves they ensheath. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1144–1160, 2017
Protracted and asynchronous accumulation of PSD95‐family MAGUKs during maturation of nascent dendritic spines
Authors: Lambert Jason T. , Hill Travis C. , Park Deborah K. , Culp Julie H. , Zito Karen 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe formation and stabilization of new dendritic spines is a key component of the experience‐dependent neural circuit plasticity that supports learning, but the molecular maturation of nascent spines remains largely unexplored. The PSD95‐family of membrane‐associated guanylate kinases (PSD‐MAGUKs), most notably PSD95, has a demonstrated role in promoting spine stability. However, nascent spines contain low levels of PSD95, suggesting that other members of the PSD‐MAGUK family might act to stabilize nascent spines in the early stages of spiny synapse formation. Here, we used GFP‐fusion constructs to quantitatively define the molecular composition of new spines, focusing on the PSD‐MAGUK family. We found that PSD95 levels in new spines were as low as those previously associated with rapid subsequent spine elimination, and new spines did not achieve mature levels of PSD95 until between 12 and 20 h following new spine identification. Surprisingly, we found that the PSD‐MAGUKs PSD93, SAP97, and SAP102 were also substantially less enriched in new spines. However, they accumulated in new spines more quickly than PSD95: SAP102 enriched to mature levels within 3 h, SAP97 and PSD93 enriched gradually over the course of 6 h. Intriguingly, when we restricted our analysis to only those new spines that persisted, SAP97 was the only PSD‐MAGUK already present at mature levels in persistent new spines when first identified. Our findings uncover a key structural difference between nascent and mature spines, and suggest a mechanism for the stabilization of nascent spines through the sequential arrival of PSD‐MAGUKs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1161–1174, 2017
Correlating species and spectral diversities using hyperspectral remote sensing in early‐successional fields
Authors: Aneece Itiya P. , Epstein Howard , Lerdau Manuel 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAdvances in remote sensing technology can help estimate biodiversity at large spatial extents. To assess whether we could use hyperspectral visible near‐infrared (VNIR) spectra to estimate species diversity, we examined the correlations between species diversity and spectral diversity in early‐successional abandoned agricultural fields in the Ridge and Valley ecoregion of north‐central Virginia at the Blandy Experimental Farm. We established plant community plots and collected vegetation surveys and ground‐level hyperspectral data from 350 to 1,025 nm wavelengths. We related spectral diversity (standard deviations across spectra) with species diversity (Shannon–Weiner index) and evaluated whether these correlations differed among spectral regions throughout the visible and near‐infrared wavelength regions, and across different spectral transformation techniques. We found positive correlations in the visible regions using band depth data, positive correlations in the near‐infrared region using first derivatives of spectra, and weak to no correlations in the red‐edge region using either of the two spectral transformation techniques. To investigate the role of pigment variability in these correlations, we estimated chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin concentrations of five dominant species in the plots using spectral vegetation indices. Although interspecific variability in pigment levels exceeded intraspecific variability, chlorophyll was more varied within species than carotenoids and anthocyanins, contributing to the lack of correlation between species diversity and spectral diversity in the red‐edge region. Interspecific differences in pigment levels, however, made it possible to differentiate these species remotely, contributing to the species‐spectral diversity correlations. VNIR spectra can be used to estimate species diversity, but the relationships depend on the spectral region examined and the spectral transformation technique used.
A highly sensitive capillary electrophoresis immunoassay strategy based on dual‐labeled gold nanoparticles enhancing chemiluminescence for the detection of prostate‐specific antigen
Authors: Li Shuting , Shi Min , Zhao Jingjin , Zhang Liangliang , Huang Yong , Zhao Shulin 
Published: April 2017

An enzyme and antibody dual labeled gold nanoparticles enhancing chemiluminescence strategy was developed for highly sensitive CE immunoassay (IA) of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). In this work, gold nanoparticles were labeled with horseradish peroxidase and antiprostate specific antigen‐antibody, and used as the marker (Ab*). After PSA (antigen, Ag) was added into the system, a noncompetitive immune reaction was happen between Ab* and Ag to form an immune complex (Ag–Ab*). Subsequently, the obtained Ag–Ab* and unreacted Ab* were separated by CE, and the chemiluminescence intensity of Ag‐Ab* was used to estimate PSA concentration. The calibration curve showed a good linearity in the range of 0.25–10 ng/mL. Based on a S/N of 3, the detection limit for PAS was estimated to be 0.092 ng/mL. Proposed CE method was applied for PSA quantification in human serum samples from healthy volunteers and patients with prostate cancer. The obtained results demonstrated that the proposed CE method may serve as an alternative tool for clinical analysis of PSA.
Zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF‐8) reinforced macroporous resin D101 for selective solid‐phase extraction of 1‐naphthol and 2‐naphthol from phenol compounds
Authors: Qiang Yin , Wang Wei‐Feng , Dhodary Basanta , Yang Jun‐Li 
Published: April 2017

Macroporous resin has been attracting intensive attention due to its critical role in separation and purification of natural products. Herein, a zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 reinforced macroporous resin D101 was prepared via a room temperature growth method and used for dispersive SPE of 1‐naphthol and 2‐naphthol. The parameters affecting the adsorption and desorption efficiency such as the sample pH, adsorbent amount, extraction time, desorption solvent, and desorption time were investigated. The as‐prepared adsorbent showed selectivity for 1‐naphthol and 2‐naphthol compared to other phenols. Under the optimum dispersive SPE conditions, the detection of 1‐naphthol and 2‐naphthol coupled with a CZE method was conducted and the LODs for 1‐naphthol and 2‐naphthol were 1.37 and 1.43 ng/mL, respectively. Moreover, the results of urine sample analysis showed the spiked recoveries to be in the range of 96.2–106.9%. This study indicated that D101@ZIF‐8 (where ZIF is zeolitic imidazolate framework) is a promising selective adsorbent for the analysis of 1‐naphthol and 2‐naphthol in urine samples.
Von Vertrauen und von Grenzen …
Authors: Strohschneider Peter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSo bedeutsam moderne Forschung auch ist — sie hat Grenzen. Was an diesen geschieht, bestimmt nicht nur das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten selbst. Hier wird auch über das gesellschaftliche Vertrauen entschieden, ohne das es Wissenschaft und Forschung nicht geben kann. Bemerkungen zur Verleihung der diesjährigen Leibniz‐Preise und aus gegebenem Anlass.
Obstetrician perceptions of the causes of high cesarean delivery rates in Turkey
Authors: Küçük Mert 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess obstetricians’ perceptions surrounding cesarean delivery rates in Turkey.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional descriptive study was performed between May 1 and June 30, 2016. Practicing obstetricians with contact details known by the researchers and those attending a conference in Turkey were asked to complete a self‐administered questionnaire that collected demographic data and information on participants’ opinions, beliefs, knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to cesarean delivery.ResultsThere were 100 obstetricians who responded to the survey. Awareness of high cesarean delivery rates was reported by 96 (96%) participants and 95 (95%) respondents said they were supportive of efforts to reduce it. There were 60 (60%), 83 (83%), and 100 (100%) participants aware of associations between high cesarean delivery rates and increased maternal and infant mortality; increased risk of uterine rupture; and increased risk of placenta previa, placenta accreta, and emergency cesarean hysterectomy, respectively. The most commonly reported reason for high cesarean delivery rates was high compensation costs during medical litigation legal proceedings, reported by all 100 (100%) participants.ConclusionParticipants were generally aware of the risks associated with high cesarean delivery rates. The results suggest that the greatest concern among obstetricians who perform cesarean deliveries was malpractice litigation.
Molecular Interaction of Anti‐Diabetic Drugs With Acetylcholinesterase and Sodium Glucose Co‐Transporter 2
Authors: Shakil Shazi 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTType 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the two disorders which are known to share pertinent pathological and therapeutic links. Sodium glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are established inhibition targets for T2DM and AD treatments, respectively. Reports suggest that anti‐diabetic drugs could be used for AD treatment also. The present study used molecular docking by Autodock4.2 using our “Click‐By‐Click”‐protocol, Ligplot1.4.3 and “change in accessible surface area (ΔASA)‐calculations” to investigate the binding of two investigational anti‐diabetic drugs, Ertugliflozin and Sotagliflozin to an established target (SGLT2) and a research target (human brain AChE). Sotagliflozin appeared more promising for SGLT2 as well as AChE‐inhibition with reference to ΔG and Ki values in comparison to Ertugliflozin. The ΔG and Ki values for “Sotagliflozin:AChE‐binding” were −7.16 kcal/mol and 5.6 μM, respectively while the same were found to be −8.47 kcal/mol and 0.62 μM, respectively for its interaction with SGLT2. Furthermore, “Sotagliflozin:SGLT2‐interaction” was subjected to (un)binding simulation analyses by “Molecular‐Motion‐Algorithms.” This information is significant as the exact binding mode, interacting amino acid residues and simulation results for the said interaction have not been described yet. Also no X‐ray crystal is available for the same. Finally, the results described herein indicate that Sotagliflozin could have an edge over Ertugliflozin for treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Future design of drugs based on Sotagliflozin scaffolds for treatment of Type 2 and/or Type 3 diabetes are highly recommended. As these drugs are still in late phases of clinical trials, the results described herein appear timely. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3855–3865, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of MRI for diagnosis of extraprostatic extension in prostate cancer
Authors: Krishna Satheesh , Lim Christopher S. , McInnes Matthew D.F. , Flood Trevor A. , Shabana Wael M. , Lim Robert S. , Schieda Nicola 
Published: April 2017

PurposeTo assess the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose extraprostatic extension (EPE) in prostate cancer.Materials and MethodsWith Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, 149 men with 170 ≥0.5 mL tumors underwent preoperative 3T MRI followed by radical prostatectomy (RP) between 2012–2015. Two blinded radiologists (R1/R2) assessed tumors using Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) v2, subjectively evaluated for the presence of EPE, measured tumor size, and length of capsular contact (LCC). A third blinded radiologist, using MRI‐RP‐maps, measured whole‐lesion: apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mean/centile and histogram features. Comparisons were performed using chi‐square, logistic regression, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsThe subjective EPE assessment showed high specificity (SPEC = 75.4/91.3% [R1/R2]), low sensitivity (SENS = 43.3/43.6% [R1/R2]), and area‐under (AU) ROC curve = 0.67 (confidence interval [CI] 0.61–0.73) R1 and 0.61 (CI 0.53–0.70) R2; (k = 0.33). PI‐RADS v2 scores were strongly associated with EPE (P < 0.001 / P = 0.008; R1/R2) with AU‐ROC curve = 0.72 (0.64–0.79) R1 and 0.61 (0.53–0.70) R2; (k = 0.44). Tumors with EPE were larger (18.8 ± 7.8 [median 17, range 6–51] vs. 18.8 ± 4.9 [12, 6–28] mm) and had greater LCC (21.1 ± 14.9 [16, 1–85] vs. 13.6 ± 6.1 [11.5, 4–30] mm); P < 0.001 and 0.002, respectively. AU‐ROC for size was 0.73 (0.64–0.80) and LCC was 0.69 (0.60–0.76), respectively. Optimal SENS/SPEC for diagnosis of EPE were: size ≥15 mm = 67.7/66.7% and LCC ≥11 mm = 84.9/44.8%. 10th‐centile ADC and ADC entropy were both associated with EPE (P = 0.02 and < 0.001), with AU‐ROC = 0.56 (0.47–0.65) and 0.76 (0.69–0.83), respectively. Optimal SENS/SPEC for diagnosis of EPE with entropy ≥6.99 was 63.3/75.0%. 25th‐centile ADC trended towards being significantly lower with EPE (P = 0.06) with no difference in other ADC metrics (P = 0.25–0.88). Size, LCC, and ADC entropy improved sensitivity but reduced specificity compared with subjective analysis with no difference in overall accuracy (P = 0.38).ConclusionMeasurements of tumor size, capsular contact, and ADC entropy improve sensitivity but reduce specificity for diagnosis of EPE compared to subjective assessment.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:176–185.
Efficient Krylov‐based 3D FVTD schemes with adaptive domain decomposition for graphene and nanostructured EMC components
Authors: Kantartzis N. V. , Zygiridis T. T. , Tsiboukis T. D. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe rigorous design of arbitrarily shaped graphene and nanocomposite structures in realistic electromagnetic compatibility applications is presented in this paper by means of a combined finite‐volume time‐domain methodology. The new 3D formulation proposes a set of adjustable‐order derivative approximators in general curvilinear coordinates and an adaptive domain decomposition to attain effective field flux representations of electromagnetic fields in areas with subwavelength attributes or infinitesimally thin wiring. Also, a fully passive reduced order macromodelling scheme, based on the Krylov truncation, is developed for the significant decrease of the state‐space transfer matrix order, particularly when finite graphene sheets are to be analyzed. A key asset is that the necessary basis for the Krylov space is retrieved from a framework of weighted Laguerre functions, which do not require laborious orthogonalizations. Hence, highly accurate and economical discretizations with minimized dispersion errors are obtained. Numerical outcomes, addressing elaborate comparisons with reference data, from various nanostructured electromagnetic compatibility arrangements, certify the benefits of the featured technique, accelerated via graphics processing units and unveil its applicability.
Antioxidant activity, polyphenolic contents and essential oil composition of Pimpinella anisum L. as affected by zinc fertilizer
Authors: Tavallali Vahid , Rahmati Sadegh , Bahmanzadegan Atefeh 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe antioxidant activity and essential oil content of plants may vary considerably with respect to environmental conditions, especially nutrient availability. Among micronutrients, zinc (Zn) is needed by plants in only small amounts but is crucial to plant development. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Zn fertilization on the antioxidant activity, polyphenolic contents and essential oil composition of Pimpinella anisum fruit.RESULTSFoliar application of Zn fertilizer considerably increased the number of detected essential oil components from 27 to 45. Zinc application at a rate of 0.2% (w/v) significantly enhanced the levels of β‐bisabolene, germacrene D, n‐decane and α‐zingiberene, whereas the opposite trend was observed for (E)‐anethole and geijerene. Application of 0.2% Zn considerably increased the levels of phenolic compounds, with chlorogenic acid showing the highest content among eight phenolic compounds detected in treated plants. The maximum antioxidant activity was achieved through application of 0.2% Zn fertilizer.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicated that the quality and quantity of anise fruit essential oil components were significantly altered by application of low levels of Zn. After foliar application of Zn, polyphenolic contents as well as antioxidant activity of anise fruit increased. Using Zn fertilizer is an efficient method to improve the pharmaceutical and food properties of anise fruit. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
All solution‐processed white quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes with three‐unit tandem structure
Authors: Zhang Heng , Wang Siting , Sun Xiaowei , Chen Shuming 
Published: April 2017

AbstractQuantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) are promising candidates for next generation displays. White QLEDs which can emit red, green and blue colors are particularly important; this is because the combination of white QLEDs and color filters offers a practical solution for high‐resolution full‐color displays. In this work, we demonstrate all‐solution processed three‐unit (red/green/blue) white tandem QLEDs for the first time. The white tandem devices are achieved by serially connecting the red bottom sub‐QLED, the green middle sub‐QLED and the blue top sub‐QLED using the inter‐connecting layer (ICL) based on ZnMgO/PEDOT:PSS heterojunction. With the proposed ICL, the two‐unit tandem QLEDs exhibit a high current efficiency of 22.22 cd/A, while the three‐unit white QLEDs exhibit evenly separated red, green and blue emission with a CIE coordinate of (0.30, 0.44), a peak current efficiency of 4.75 cd/A and a high luminance of 4206 cd/m2. Displays based on the developed white QLEDs exhibit a wide color gamut of 114% NTSC. This work confirms the effectiveness of the proposed ZnMgO/PEDOT:PSS ICL and the feasibility of making all‐solution processed tandem white QLEDs by using the proposed ICL.
Juvenile greater sage‐grouse survival, movements, and recruitment in Colorado
Authors: Apa Anthony D. , Thompson Thomas R. , Reese Kerry P. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTJuvenile survival and recruitment has not been studied extensively for greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). Because there is scant information on this vital rate, the implications of management actions on specific population demographics remain unknown. We re‐captured, radio‐marked, and monitored the survival and recruitment of 183 domestically hatched and wild‐hatched juvenile sage‐grouse from 1 September to 31 March 2005–2008 at 2 study areas in northwest Colorado, USA: Axial Basin and Cold Springs Mountain. Juvenile females had higher survival than juvenile males, and survival for each was higher in Axial Basin compared to Cold Springs Mountain. Domestically hatched juveniles had comparable survival to wild‐hatched juveniles. We documented differences in survival between adult females and juveniles from September to March. Juvenile survival was lowest during September and October, coinciding with brood independence and movements to winter range and integrated flocks. Average survival from hatch to recruitment into the natal breeding population (Mar) varied between areas. Our findings provide an estimate of juvenile survival and recruitment so managers can better understand and model sage‐grouse population dynamics. We recommend long‐term (≥3 yr) research to better understand spatial and temporal variation in demographic rates. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Survival of white‐tailed deer neonates in Louisiana
Authors: Shuman Rebecca M. , Cherry Michael J. , Simoneaux Taylor N. , Dutoit Elizabeth A. , Kilgo John C. , Chamberlain Michael J. , Miller Karl V. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTChanging predator communities have potential to complicate management focused on ensuring sustainable white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations. Recent research reported that predation on neonates by coyotes (Canis latrans) and bobcats (Lynx rufus) can limit recruitment. However, no research has been conducted in areas of the southeastern United States with 3 sympatric neonate predators such as coyote, American black bear (Ursus americanus), and bobcat. Our objectives were to estimate neonate survival rates, identify causes of neonate mortality, and determine which biological and landscape characteristics were related to neonate survival. During 2013–2015, we captured 70 neonates with the aid of vaginal implant transmitters on Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge in northeastern Louisiana, USA. We monitored neonates every 8 hours until 6 weeks of age and daily until 12 weeks of age, and assigned cause of death from field and DNA evidence. Survival of neonates to 12 weeks was 0.271 (95% CI = 0.185–0.398). Of 51 mortalities, 45 (88%) were attributed to predation, 4 (8%) to starvation, 1 (2%) to other causes, and 1 (2%) to unknown causes. We used an information‐theoretic approach to compare Cox proportional hazards models containing various combinations of biological and habitat covariates. Our best‐supported model contained sex, mass at birth, distance to cropland, young reforestation (planted 2000–2009), and old reforestation (planted 1980–1989). Based on hazard ratios, survival was 81% higher for males than females, and survival increased 81% with every 1‐kg increase in birth mass. Survival increased 8% for every 100‐m increase in distance from cropland or young reforestation, and decreased 11% with every 100‐m increase in distance from old reforestation, which may be a result of spatial variation in predator distribution. Our results emphasize the importance of site‐specific monitoring of neonate recruitment rates in areas with burgeoning predator communities. We conclude, however, that although predation pressure was high, survival rates were similar to those observed in 2‐predator systems in the region, suggesting the possibility that an upper limit to predation rates may exist for white‐tailed deer neonates. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.