bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of a gap in understanding obesity among physicians
Authors: Tsai A. G. , Histon T. , Kyle T. K. , Rubenstein N. , Donahoo W. T. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundExperience suggests that some physicians view obesity as a purely lifestyle condition rather than a chronic metabolic disease. Physicians may not be aware of the role of biological factors in causing weight regain after an initial weight loss.MethodsA questionnaire was administered at continuing medical education conferences, both primary care and obesity‐specific. The questionnaire included items about biological and behavioral factors that predispose to weight regain and general items about treatment of obesity. The sample was separated into primary care physicians (PCPs) and physicians preparing for the obesity medicine (OMs) exam.ResultsAmong all respondents, behavioral factors were given higher importance ratings, relative to biological factors in causing weight regain. Respondents rated behaviour modification as more effective, relative to medications or surgery to treat obesity. OMs gave higher importance ratings to biological factors, relative to PCPs. OMs also gave higher effectiveness ratings for medications and surgery, relative to PCPs. However, even OMs gave higher effectiveness ratings for behaviour modification, relative to medications or surgery. Respondents who reported a belief in the role of behavioral factors rated lifestyle modification as more effective. Respondents who reported a belief in both behavioral and biological factors rated medications as more effective.ConclusionsPhysicians rate biological factors as less important, relative to behavioral factors in causing weight regain. Physicians rate medications and surgery as less effective, relative to lifestyle modification alone. Belief in the importance of behavioral factors correlated with a higher effectiveness rating for lifestyle modification. A better understanding of the biological basis for weight regain may help to increase comfort with the use of biological treatments for obesity.
Illness and end‐of‐life experiences of children with cancer who receive palliative care
Authors: Kaye Erica C. , Gushue Courtney A. , DeMarsh Samantha , Jerkins Jonathan , Sykes April , Lu Zhaohua , Snaman Jennifer M. , Blazin Lindsay , Johnson Liza‐Marie , Levine Deena R. , Morrison R. Ray , Baker Justin N. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe field of pediatric palliative oncology is newly emerging. Little is known about the characteristics and illness experiences of children with cancer who receive palliative care (PC).MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 321 pediatric oncology patients enrolled in PC who died between 2011 and 2015 was conducted at a large academic pediatric cancer center using a comprehensive standardized data extraction tool.ResultsThe majority of pediatric palliative oncology patients received experimental therapy (79.4%), with 40.5% enrolled on a phase I trial. Approximately one‐third received cancer‐directed therapy during the last month of life (35.5%). More than half had at least one intensive care unit hospitalization (51.4%), with this subset demonstrating considerable exposure to mechanical ventilation (44.8%), invasive procedures (20%), and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (12.1%). Of the 122 patients who died in the hospital, 44.3% died in the intensive care unit. Patients with late PC involvement occurring less than 30 days before death had higher odds of dying in the intensive care unit over the home/hospice setting compared to those with earlier PC involvement (OR: 4.7, 95% CI: 2.47–8.97, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsChildren with cancer who receive PC experience a high burden of intensive treatments and often die in inpatient intensive care settings. Delayed PC involvement is associated with increased odds of dying in the intensive care unit. Prospective investigation of early PC involvement in children with high‐risk cancer is needed to better understand potential impacts on cost‐effectiveness, quality of life, and delivery of goal concordant care.
Think pyomyositis!
Authors: Nainan Ann , Shagali Hind , Srinivasan Balasubramanian , Tarik Ammar 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUncontrolled diabetes is associated with increased risk of infections. An uncommon but rather serious infection is pyomyositis which is a purulent infection of the skeletal muscle. Delay in recognition and diagnosis can lead to serious complications.We report the case of a 44‐year‐old male patient with a background of uncontrolled diabetes who presented with bilateral thigh pain and progressive leg weakness over three weeks. He had no other comorbidities and he denied any recent trauma or foreign travel. On examination he had multiple hard lumps in both thighs and blood results showed leucocytosis and raised inflammatory markers. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple bilateral thigh abscesses. The diagnosis of pyomyositis was made and drains were inserted into the two largest abscesses. Simultaneously, he was started on antibiotics based on the drained fluid culture and sensitivity. On drainage of the abscesses and completion of eight weeks of antibiotics, he gradually regained the lower limbs' power and the thigh pain resolved. His recovery was aided by the better control of diabetes with insulin therapy.Pyomyositis is mainly encountered in tropical areas. Non‐tropical pyomyositis is more common in immunocompromised patients and patients with uncontrolled diabetes. It requires a high index of suspicion because of its indolent presentation that may mimic other pathologies like cellulitis, diabetic amyotrophy, septic arthritis and deep vein thrombosis. MRI is the best diagnostic tool to differentiate pyomyositis from these disorders. Early diagnosis and intervention with drainage of the abscesses and appropriate antibiotics prevent serious complications and improve the outcome. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons.
Entwicklung eines neuen Single‐Push‐Out‐Versuchsstands zur zyklischen Untersuchung der Verbunddübelleiste
Authors: Wolters Kevin , Kopp Maik , Feldmann Markus 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDas Tragverhalten der Verbunddübelleiste bei statischer Beanspruchung ist weitestgehend erforscht [1], sodass Verbundkonstruktionen mit Verbunddübelleisten nach den Regeln der entsprechenden Allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassung [2] bemessen werden können. Das Ermüdungskonzept der Verbunddübelleiste zielt jedoch bislang stark vereinfachend darauf ab, jegliche Ermüdungsschäden der Verbundpartner Stahl und Beton auszuschließen. Eine Erweiterung des Ermüdungskonzepts durch die Berücksichtigung von Resttragfähigkeiten angerissener Stahlzähne sowie von Kraftumlagerungen im Träger hin zu weniger belasteten Verbunddübel birgt große ökonomische Potentiale und ist Ziel eines von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) finanzierten Projekts.Im ersten Schritt soll dabei das Ermüdungsverhalten eines einzigen Verbunddübels in Kleinteilversuchen untersucht werden. Um die Kraft‐ und Spannungsverhältnisse innerhalb eines Verbundträgers möglichst exakt mit den Kleinteilversuchen wiederzugeben, wurde ein neuer Single‐Push‐Out‐Versuchsstand entwickelt, in dem durch eine Schrägstellung des Prüfkörpers die Lasteinleitung, die resultierende Kraftübertragung zwischen Stahl und Beton und die Auflagerkraft in einer Wirkungslinie liegen. Anhand von FE‐Untersuchungen kann so gezeigt werden, dass sowohl die Spannungsverteilungen im Stahlzahn als auch der Kraft‐Schlupf‐Verlauf eines Verbunddübels in Kleinteilversuch und Verbundträger übereinstimmen.
Instandsetzungs‐ und Sicherungsmaßnahmen bei den Rheinbrücken Leverkusen und Duisburg‐Neuenkamp – ein Zwischenbericht (Teil 2)
Authors: Paschen Michael , Hensen Wolfgang , Hamme Markus 
Published: December 2017

Abstract(Fortsetzung aus H. 7/2017, [16])
Zur Berechnung und Bemessung von Klebverbindungen aus der Sicht des Stahlbaus
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Richter Carl , Abeln Björn , Schaaf Benjamin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBeim Einsatz geklebter Verbindungen sind verschiedene Gesichtspunkte zu beachten: die Klebstoffsysteme unter Berücksichtigung der Substratwerkstoffe und der Oberflächenzustände, die Bemessung unter Beachtung der permanenten und transienten Einwirkungen sowie die Ausführung. Alle drei Bereiche haben Einfluss auf die Zuverlässigkeit. In puncto Berechnung jedoch wird dem wirklichen mechanischen Verhalten der Klebfuge in der Praxis nicht Rechnung getragen. Die derzeit verwendeten Ingenieurmodelle schlagen auch bei Berücksichtigung von lokalen Spannungsspitzen häufig fehl. Das ist mit ein Grund für sehr hohe Sicherheitsfaktoren. Der vorliegende Artikel erläutert die für den Bauingenieur relevanten Berechnungsansätze. Weiter werden Möglichkeiten diskutiert, wie die Berechnung von hyperelastischem, aber auch elastoplastischem Klebstoffverhalten, basierend auf dem Spannungszustand von energetischen Ansätzen in gewohnte Gleichgewichtsansätze überführt werden können.
What is the level of evidence for the use of currently available technologies in facilitating the self-management of difficulties associated with ADHD in children and young people? A systematic review
Authors: Powell Lauren , Parker Jack , Harpin Valerie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA number of technologies to help self-manage attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and young people (YP) have been developed. This review will assess the level of evidence for the use of such technologies. The review was undertaken in accordance with the general principles recommended in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. 7545 studies were screened. Fourteen studies of technology that aim to self-manage difficulties associated with ADHD in children and YP were included. Primary outcome measures were measures that assessed difficulties related to ADHD. Databases searched were MEDLINE, Web of Science (Core collection), CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, ProQuest ASSIA, PsycINFO and Scopus. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed. This review highlights the potential for the use of technology in paediatric ADHD management. However, it also demonstrates that current research lacks robustness; using small sample sizes, non-validated outcome measures and little psychoeducation component. Future research is required to investigate the value of technology in supporting children and YP with ADHD and a focus psychoeducation is needed.
Extranodal lymphoma arising within the maxillary alveolus: a systematic review
Authors: MacDonald David , Lim Sean 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Extranodal lymphomas affecting the head and neck infrequently arise within the jaw bones. Although clinical examination and conventional radiography may initially suffice for such lesions arising within the mandible, those arising within the maxillary alveolus generally require cross-sectional imaging because of the complex anatomy of this region. This study was performed to determine the prevalence, demographic characteristics, and clinical presentations of these lesions and the imaging modalities used for their diagnosis.

Study design
A systematic review (SR) on case series and another SR on case reports were performed to investigate the demographic, clinical, and radiological features of extranodal lymphomas arising within the maxillary alveolus.

Results
Most case series were derived from just four nations, whereas the case reports were derived from a wider range of ethnicities. The more detailed case reports significantly reported at least one imaging modality. Most patients were aware of their lesions for nearly 2 months before presentation. The most frequent symptom was swelling. Most case reports included a provisional diagnosis, the most frequent of which was dental infection followed by squamous cell carcinoma.

Discussion
Extranodal lymphomas arising within the maxillary alveolus were sufficiently frequent in four communities to be reported in two or more case series, and the occasional single case report indicated that such lesions are more widespread globally. Although the SR on case series revealed differences in the relative period prevalence and maxillary/mandibular ratio, the SR on case reports revealed details of the clinical presentation and imaging modalities used.
Self‐Efficacy and Pressure Ulcer Prevention After Spinal Cord Injury—Results From a Nationwide Community Survey in Switzerland (SwiSCI)
Authors: Hug Kerstin , Stumm Caroline , Debecker Isabelle , Fellinghauer Carolina Saskia , Peter Claudio , Hund‐Georgiadis Margret 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundPressure ulcers (PUs) are a common and severe health condition in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Skin‐care strategies for PU prevention are usually provided during initial rehabilitation. However, individuals with SCI often do not perform these strategies continuously, especially after discharge. The influence of psychological factors such as general self‐efficacy (GSE) on the performance of PU prevention behavior has not yet been sufficiently explored.ObjectiveTo investigate whether persons with greater levels of GSE are more likely to perform skin‐care strategies for PU prevention regularly.DesignNationwide cross‐sectional survey within the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study.SettingCommunity setting, data collection between 2011 and 2013.ParticipantsA total of 456 subjects with a traumatic or nontraumatic SCI living in Switzerland.MethodsAssociations between GSE and PU prevention behavior were analyzed by multivariate proportional odds regression models, including potential sociodemographic, lesion‐related, and lifestyle‐related confounders without and with interaction terms between GSE and potential effect modifiers.Main Outcome MeasurementsSelf‐efficacy was assessed by the GSE scale comprising 10 items. PU preventive behavior was operationalized using 5 items of an adapted version of the Spinal Cord Injury Lifestyle scale. Both measurements were components of a self‐administered questionnaire.ResultsBased on the regression model without interaction terms, GSE levels were not associated with skin‐care PU prevention. After we included interaction terms, the final model showed statistically significant associations between GSE and 3 skin‐care items with odds ratios ranging from 1.09 to 1.17 (all P < .001). The slightly positive effect of GSE on PU prevention behavior was restricted to persons who sustained their SCI at a younger age.ConclusionsGSE was generally not associated with skin‐care PU prevention behavior among persons with SCI in this study. In further research, it might be of interest to assess SCI‐specific concepts of self‐efficacy.Level of EvidenceIII
Dark timbre: the aesthetics of tone colour in goth music
Authors: Van Elferen Isabella 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTimbre is a key aspect of musical practice and aesthetics. Artists use instrumentation, vocal technique, and production technology to create precise tone colours; listeners are able to identify genres, artists and connotations through timbre. However, critical assessment of its ephemeral musical agency is scarce. This article develops a theory of timbre. Goth music, which privileges tone colour in production, performance, and aesthetic, is a case in point for the ungraspable agency of this musical parameter. Timbral analyses of two goth tracks, Veil of Light's ‘Cold skin’ and Sopor Aeternus and the Ensemble of Shadows's ‘Dreamland’, will assess tone colour's relation to identity and difference (Walser), signification and corporeality (Barthes, Ihde), and the surplus of meaning and embodiment (Dolar). The article will argue that timbral aesthetics are characterised by the paradox of present absence: it indicates corporeality and meaning but simultaneously exceeds both. Tangible but also disembodied, immersive but also meaningless, it is no wonder that goth exploits timbre's dark agency.
‘Indiestanbul’: counter-hegemonic music and third republicanism in Turkey
Authors: Parkinson Tom 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article contributes to the growing research base in Turkish popular music studies with a focus on indie music from Istanbul. It situates this music within Turkey's contemporary social, cultural and political landscapes, and in relation to the country's historical cultural narrative. Istanbul indie musicians’ responses to the 2013 Gezi protests suggest that indie's counter-hegemonic aesthetics are being explored and engaged with in alignment with ‘Third Republicanism’, an emerging vision for Turkey that holds liberalism and human rights as its core ideals where the ‘First’ and ‘Second’ Republican visions held secularism and Islam respectively.
The Need for Governance of Climate Geoengineering
Authors: Pasztor Janos 
Published: December 2017

AbstractKeeping global temperature rise to within 1.5–2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels is looking increasingly unlikely through mitigation alone. While increased adaptation to inevitable climate impacts will be necessary, a new realism is creeping into the climate debate. A growing number of scientists are proposing geoengineering technologies to deal with the expected shortfall, both through carbon dioxide removal and possibly through solar radiation management. But both approaches bring risks and pose significant governance challenges, and would likely affect different communities in different ways. As geoengineering moves mainstream, it is time to put governance at the heart of future discussion, and to broaden the debate from academia to governments, treaty bodies, faith groups, and civic organizations.The Carnegie Climate Geoengineering Governance Initiative is a major new effort to catalyze this conversation, bringing together players from a wide range of social, geographical, and professional backgrounds. It argues that policymakers need to take an ethical risk management approach, informed by continued research. How should transborder and transgenerational ethical issues be addressed? How will governance frameworks withstand geopolitical change? Can we build on existing international treaties and institutions, or do we need new ones? And most immediately, how should further research on solar engineering be governed—given current plans to start experiments in the stratosphere? In a geoengineered world, who controls the “global thermostat”?
Calculating the Incalculable: Is SAI the Lesser of Two Evils?
Authors: Hulme Mike 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChristopher J. Preston's use of the doctrine of double effect to claim that hypothetical climate engineers might very well be less culpable for climate harms than those who continue to emit greenhouse gases is unpersuasive. His argument rests shakily on the ability to determine and quantify climate harms and to distinguish forensically between their causes. He is also largely silent about the distributional effects of these harms and their ethical and political ramifications.
VENUS LORE IN THE POSTCLASSIC MAYA CODICES: DEITY MANIFESTATIONS OF THE MORNING AND EVENING STAR
Authors: Vail Gabrielle 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study explores the mythology surrounding the appearances and disappearances of Venus from the sky and the role the morning and evening star aspects of Venus played in Maya divinatory and astronomical texts. Ethnographic and ethnohistoric sources link the morning star aspect of Venus with a series of bearded hunting deities. Representations of these figures—armed with the accoutrements of Venus—have recently been identified in the hunting almanacs of the Madrid Codex. Other codical manifestations of Venus include the rain deity Chaak, who appears as both the morning and evening star, and the merchant deity God M, who may have had evening star associations in certain contexts. Significant correspondences exist between the Maya Hero Twins of thePopol Vuhand the War Twins highlighted in creation narratives of Zuni culture, who correspond to the morning and evening star. The celestial roles of both sets of twins will be explored to better understand their function in ceremonial and calendrical contexts.
Climate change? Archaeology and Anthropocene
Authors: Pétursdóttir Þóra 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAs we pass into an age of the Anthropocene, archaeologists, as scholars of other disciplines, are driven to consider how this physical and ideological climate change affects our craft, or how archaeology can contribute with knowledge and insight of significance in a shifting world. Basing its arguments on research conducted on marine debris and drift beaches in northern Norway and Iceland, the aim of this article is to imagine what kind of alternative ways of doing and thinking archaeology the current climate is calling for. With reference to this material, which conspicuously manifests both obstacles and promises for an ‘Anthropocene archaeology’, the article will question the worth of some perspectives traditionally considered essential to our discipline, while simultaneously building on confidence in a sincerelyarchaeologicalimagination.
Not to throw the baby out with the bathwater. A response to Gosselain's article
Authors: Roux Valentine 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn a provocative article published recently in Archaeological dialogues (23(2)), Olivier Gosselain proposes ‘to get rid of ethnoarchaeology once and for all, and join forces with other, more serious, disciplines’. In this reaction article, I challenge Gosselain's sweeping statements about ethnoarcaheology. In particular I argue against the notion that methodological weakness is unique to ethnoarchaeology, that the questions under study ignore the complexity of the social context, and that the search for cross-cultural regularities denies the historical dimension of technical practices. In conclusion, I suggest that rather than getting rid of ethnoarchaeology, it would be more helpful to meet the ambitious goals of ethnoarchaeology by improving and strengthening the methodology.