bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yonsei Experience of 5000 Gasless Transaxillary Robotic Thyroidectomies
Authors: Kim Min Jhi , Nam Kee‐Hyun , Lee Seul Gi , Choi Jung Bum , Kim Tae Hyung , Lee Cho Rok , Lee Jandee , Kang Sang‐Wook , Jeong Jong Ju , Chung Woong Youn 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundSince the use of robot systems in thyroid surgery was introduced in 2007, we have advanced a novel method of robotic thyroidectomy (RT) using a gasless transaxillary approach (TAA). We report our experience with this technique and detail the surgical outcome of 5000 robotic thyroidectomies.MethodsFrom October 2007 to May 2016, we successfully performed 5000 robotic thyroidectomies using a gasless TAA at the Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Health System. The medical records of the patients are reviewed retrospectively, and the details of clinicopathologic characteristics, operation times, perioperative complications, and oncologic outcomes are analyzed.ResultsThe 5000 patients with thyroid tumor (4804 with cancer and 196 with benign tumor) underwent RT using a gasless TAA. Mean operation time was 134.5 ± 122.0 min. The most common histologic subtype of thyroid cancer was papillary (98%), and the mean tumor size was 8.0 ± 6.0 mm. Stage I was found in 85.4% patients regarding tumor nodes metastasis staging. The 196 benign tumors consisted of 104 adenomatous hyperplasias (53.0%), 43 follicular adenomas (21.9%), 30 Graves’ diseases (15.3%), and 19 others (9.7%). Postoperative complication occurred in 24.1% without any serious one, and overall morbidity tended to decrease over time. No disease‐specific mortality was observed during the follow‐up period. Locoregional recurrence was developed in 26 patients (0.5%).ConclusionThe authors have tried to improve RT technique using gasless TAA and achieved acceptable surgical outcomes. The rapid evolution of surgical robot technology and our constant effort to advance RT technique using gasless TAA would make it possible to reduce the perioperative morbidity and gain the best possible operative and oncologic outcomes.
The Judicial Trilemma
Authors: Dunoff Jeffrey L. , Pollack Mark A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInternational tribunals confront a “Judicial Trilemma.” More specifically the states that design, and the judges that serve on, international courts face an interlocking series of tradeoffs among three core values: (1) judicial independence, the freedom of judges to decide cases on the facts and the law; (2) judicial accountability, structural checks on judicial authority found most prominently in international courts in reappointment and reelection processes; and (3) judicial transparency, mechanisms that permit the identification of individual judicial positions (such as through individual opinions and dissents). The Trilemma is that it is possible to maximize, at most, two of these three values. Drawing on interviews with current and former judges at leading international courts, this article unpacks the logic underlying the Judicial Trilemma, and traces the varied ways in which this logic manifests itself in the design and operation of the International Court of Justice, European Court of Human Rights, Court of Justice of the European Union, and the World Trade Organization's Appellate Body. The Judicial Trilemma does not identify an “ideal” court design. Rather it provides a framework that enables international actors to understand the inevitable tradeoffs that international courts confront, and thereby helps to ensure that these tradeoffs are made deliberately and with a richer appreciation of their implications.
Late Ordovician trilobites from the Mayatas Formation, Atansor area, north-central Kazakhstan
Authors: McCobb L. M. E. , Popov L. E. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTTwo trilobite faunas of Late Ordovician (Katian) age are described from the Mayatas Formation in the Stepnyak region of north-central Kazakhstan. The older, oligotaxic fauna derives from flanks of a carbonate build-up, and is dominated by numerousSphaerexochusspecimens.Amphilichasis also relatively common, withPliomerinaand indeterminate asaphids present as rare components. The overlying unit of siliceous argillites contains a different assemblage, representing the raphiophorid biofacies and comprising seven genera. The poorly preserved fauna is dominated by blind trilobites (a new genus of trinucleid, the three-segmented raphiophoridPseudampyxina,Malongullia?,LonchodomasandArthrorhachis) and at least two species of large-eyedTelephina, suggesting that they occupied the disphotic zone in deep water offshore. A single cranidium of the odontopleuridPrimaspisis also present. The trinucleid,Iputaspis stepnyakensisgen. et sp. nov., has an unusual pit arrangement, with E1and E2aligned in sulci and all I arcs irregularly arranged. The Atansor area is located within the Stepnyak tectonostratigraphical unit, which probably represented an Ordovician active margin of the Kalmykkol–Kokchetav Microplate. Some of the genera represented in the faunas have affinities with Australia and South China and, also, there is a possible link to European peri-Gondwana.
Abcb1a and Abcb1b genes function differentially in blood–testis barrier dynamics in the rat
Authors: Su Linlin , Cheng Yan C , Lee Will M , Zhang Min , Yang Fangfang , Zhao Bin , Han Daishu , Liu Yixun , Hu Dahai 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDuring spermatogenesis, immature spermatocytes traverse the blood–testis barrier (BTB) and enter the apical apartment of seminiferous epithelium for further development. This course involves extensive junction disassembly and reassembly at the BTB. P-glycoprotein is known to be coded by two genes in rodents, namely Abcb1a and Abcb1b. Our previous studies showed that simultaneously silencing Abcb1a and Abcb1b genes in Sertoli cells impeded BTB integrity. However, the individual role of Abcb1a and Abcb1b in regulating BTB dynamics remains uninvestigated. Here, single knockdown of Abcb1a by RNAi impeded the in vitro Sertoli cell permeability barrier via redistributing TJ proteins, accelerating endocytosis, and affecting endocytic vesicle-mediated protein transportation that undermined Sertoli cell barrier. F5-peptide model was used to induce cell junction disruption and subsequent restructuring in primary Sertoli cells. F5-peptide perturbed this barrier, but its removal allowed barrier ‘resealing’. Abcb1b knockdown was found to inhibit barrier resealing following F5-peptide removal by suppressing the restore of the expression and distribution of junction proteins at BTB, and reducing the migration of internalized junction proteins back to Sertoli cell interface. In summary, Abcb1a is critical in maintaining BTB integrity, while Abcb1b is crucial for junction reassembly at the BTB.
Response dynamics of rat barrel cortex neurons to repeated sensory stimulation
Authors: Kheradpezhouh Ehsan , Adibi Mehdi , Arabzadeh Ehsan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNeuronal adaptation is a common feature observed at various stages of sensory processing. Here, we quantified the time course of adaptation in rat somatosensory cortex. Under urethane anesthesia, we juxta-cellularly recorded single neurons (n = 147) while applying a series of whisker deflections at various frequencies (2–32 Hz). For ~90% of neurons, the response per unit of time decreased with frequency. The degree of adaptation increased along the train of deflections and was strongest at the highest frequency. However, a subset of neurons showed facilitation producing higher responses to subsequent deflections. The response latency to consecutive deflections increased both for neurons that exhibited adaptation and for those that exhibited response facilitation. Histological reconstruction of neurons (n = 45) did not reveal a systematic relationship between adaptation profiles and cell types. In addition to the periodic stimuli, we applied a temporally irregular train of deflections with a mean frequency of 8 Hz. For 70% of neurons, the response to the irregular stimulus was greater than that of the 8 Hz regular. This increased response to irregular stimulation was positively correlated with the degree of adaptation. Altogether, our findings demonstrate high levels of diversity among cortical neurons, with a proportion of neurons showing facilitation at specific temporal intervals.
Power frequency magnetic field promotes a more malignant phenotype in neuroblastoma cells via redox-related mechanisms
Authors: Falone S. , Santini S. , Cordone V. , Cesare P. , Bonfigli A. , Grannonico M. , Di Emidio G. , Tatone C. , Cacchio M. , Amicarelli F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn accordance with the classification of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) are suspected to promote malignant progression by providing survival advantage to cancer cells through the activation of critical cytoprotective pathways. Among these, the major antioxidative and detoxification defence systems might be targeted by ELF-MF by conferring cells significant resistance against clinically-relevant cytotoxic agents. We investigated whether the hyperproliferation that is induced in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells by a 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF magnetic field was supported by improved defence towards reactive oxygen species (ROS) and xenobiotics, as well as by reduced vulnerability against both H2O2 and anti-tumor ROS-generating drug doxorubicin. ELF-MF induced a proliferative and survival advantage by activating key redox-responsive antioxidative and detoxification cytoprotective pathways that are associated with a more aggressive behavior of neuroblastoma cells. This was coupled with the upregulation of the major sirtuins, as well as with increased signaling activity of the erythroid 2-related nuclear transcription factor 2 (NRF2). Interestingly, we also showed that the exposure to 50 Hz MF as low as 100 µT may still be able to alter behavior and responses of cancer cells to clinically-relevant drugs.
High Intensity Functional Exercise (HIFE) Training
Authors: Kastner S. , Becker C. , Lindemann U. 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Das in Schweden entwickelte und evaluierte Trainingsprogramm „High Intensity Functional Exercise“ (HIFE) wird dort zur Sturzprävention im stationären Seniorenpflegebereich eingesetzt. Das Programm besteht aus funktionellen, hochintensiven Kraft- und Balanceübungen und könnte eine wertvolle Ergänzung zu bereits bestehenden Sturzpräventionsprogrammen in Deutschland darstellen.
Ziel: Überprüfung der Anwendbarkeit des HIFE-Programms in 2 deutschen Pflegeheimen.
Methode: Machbarkeitsstudie einer 10-wöchigen HIFE-Intervention mit 16 Teilnehmern*. Primäre Zielparameter waren Teilnahme- und Drop-out-Raten, Beschwerden und Nebenwirkungen, Akzeptanz bei Heimleitung und Pflegepersonal. Sekundäre Zielparameter umfassten 30-Seconds Chair Rising Test (30 CR), 5-Seconds Chair Rising Test (5 CR), habituelle und maximale Gehgeschwindigkeit, Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Sit and Reach Test (SR) und Standbalance zur Beschreibung funktioneller Veränderungen im Prä-Post-Vergleich.
Ergebnisse: Während der Intervention traten keine schwerwiegenden Nebenwirkungen auf. Teilnahmeraten und Akzeptanz des HIFE-Programms waren bei Heimleitung und Pflegepersonal sehr gut und die Drop-out-Rate gering. Die Standbalance (p < 0,05), funktionelle Beinkraft (30 CR: p < 0,005, 5 CR: p < 0,005) und habituelle Gehgeschwindigkeit (p < 0,05) verbesserten sich signifikant. Die Verbesserungen der maximalen Gehgeschwindigkeit (p = 0,075) und im TUG (p = 0,05) erreichten kein signifikantes Niveau. Die Beweglichkeit beim SR veränderte sich nicht (p = 0,608).
Schlussfolgerungen: Das HIFE-Trainingsprogramm lässt sich ist in Deutschland sicher und praktikabel anwenden. Verbesserungen funktioneller Parameter sind zu erwarten, was insgesamt einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Sturzprävention in Seniorenheimen leisten kann.
Ulnar Lengthening/Reconstruction of Interosseous Membrane in Treatment of Osteochondroma
Authors: Rodrigues Fabio , Bernardo Rodrigo , Rebolledo Daniel , Barronovo Danilo , Ruggiero Gustavo , Aita Marcio 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background We aim to measure the quality of life and clinical and functional outcomes of a patient who had undergone ligament reconstruction of the forearm interosseous membrane, using brachioradialis tendon more ulna distraction osteogenesis in treatment with multiple cartilaginous exostosis.
Case Description We present a 11-year-old boy with congenital deformity in his right, dominant forearm,Type IIb by Masada classification. Distraction of the ulna, resection of exostosis, and reconstruction of the distal part of the interosseous membrane was performed. One year later, the patient experienced good evaluation. Wrist flexion was 70 degrees, extension was 60 degrees, radial deviation was 20 degrees, and ulnar deviation was 30 degrees. Forearm pronation was 60 degrees and supination was 90 degrees. Elbow flexion was 120 degrees, extension was −5 degrees, and digit motion was full. DASH score of 5, VAS of 0, and grip strength of 92% compared to the unaffected side were obtained. Forearm radiographic aspects showed healing of the distraction, articular congruency, the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ), and radiocapitellum joint. The distraction distance was 28 mm, the distraction period was 67 days, the consolidation period was 96 days, and the period of fixator treatment was 92 days. The distraction speed was 0.5 mm/day. Good stability and joint congruency of the DRUJ and elbow were obtained. Good radiographic, clinical, and functional results were obtained improving the life quality of that patient.
Literature Review The treatment of forearm deformities is difficult and complicated. There is no consensus to the overall management. As there is still a lack of long-term results, the indications for surgery, various surgical options, and the timing of the intervention have been a matter of controversy in the literature. Would DRUJ be stable when ulnar lengthening is combined with excision of exostosis? Is it possible to reduce the radial head with this technique?
Clinical Relevance We would like to suggest an interosseous membrane (distal oblique band) reconstruction to improve this treatment. We believe this suggestion could maintain DRUJ and elbow more stable and functional. We agree that the best time to perform the corrections is early and gradually. We prefer to correct the ulna, radius, DRUJ and elbow in many steps than in only one procedure.
Kommentar der Schriftleitung
Authors: Dietz Andreas 
Published: September 2017

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,die September-Ausgabe der LRO bietet wieder eine umfangreiche Reise durch unser hoch diversifiziertes Fachgebiet. Im eingangs dargestellten
Bereich „Referiert und Diskutiert“ werden drei wichtige internationale Studien/Publikationen zur Vibrant Soundbridge 1, Antibiotikagabe bei chronisch eosinophiler Rhinosinusitis 2 sowie Therapie
des Morbus Ménière mittels transtympanaler Kortikoidtherapie 3 diskutiert. In bewährtem Stil werden von den
Diskutanten Bewertungspunkte vergeben, die Ihnen helfen können, die Studien im aktuellen wissenschaftlich fachlichen Kontext einordnen.
Potential Diarrheal Pathogens Common Also in Healthy Children in Angola
Authors: Pelkonen Tuula , dos Santos Mauro Dias , Roine Irmeli , dos Anjos Elisabete , Freitas César , Peltola Heikki , Laakso Sanna , Kirveskari Juha 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Globally, diarrhea kills almost 1500 children daily. In diagnostics, molecular methods are replacing traditional assays. We aimed to investigate enteropathogens in children with and without diarrhea in Luanda, the capital of Angola.

Methods:
One hundred and ninety-four stool samples from 98 children with acute diarrhea and 96 children without diarrhea were investigated for 17 enteropathogens with multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
The median age of children was 10.5 months. Enteropathogens, bacteria, viruses and parasites were detected in 91%, 78%, 50% and 25%, respectively. A positive finding was significantly (P = 0.003) more common in diarrhea when testing for all pathogens combined, for bacteria alone and for viruses alone. More than one pathogen was found more frequently in diarrhea than in non-diarrhea stool samples, in 87% and in 59% (P < 0.0001), respectively. The median number (interquartile range) of pathogens detected was 3 (2) versus 1.5 (2; P < 0.0001), respectively. When age was taken into account, diarrhea was found to be associated with enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, Shigella, Campylobacter, rotavirus, sapovirus and Cryptosporidium.

Conclusions:
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction detected enteropathogens in almost all stool samples of children in Luanda, albeit this occurred more often in diarrhea. Children with diarrhea showed more mixed infections than children without diarrhea.
Passive transfer autoimmunity in a mouse model of complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Guo Tian-Zhi , Shi Xiaoyou , Li Wen-Wu , Wei Tzuping , Clark John David , Kingery Wade S. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
It has been proposed that complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a posttraumatic autoimmune disease, and we previously observed that B cells are required for the full expression of CRPS-like changes in a mouse tibia fracture CRPS model. The current study used the mouse model to evaluate the progression of postfracture CRPS-like changes in wild-type (WT) and muMT fracture mice lacking B cells and antibodies. The pronociceptive effects of injecting WT fracture mouse serum antibodies into muMT fracture mice were also evaluated. Postfracture pain behaviors transitioned from being initially dependent on both innate and autoimmune inflammatory mechanisms at 3 weeks after fracture to being entirely mediated by antibody responses at 12 weeks after fracture and spontaneously resolving by 21 weeks after fracture. Furthermore, serum IgM antibodies from WT fracture mice had pronociceptive effects in the fracture limb when injected into muMT fracture mice. IgM antibody levels gradually increased in the fracture limb hind paw skin, sciatic nerve, and corresponding lumbar cord, peaking at 12 to 18 weeks after fracture and then declining. Immunohistochemistry localized postfracture IgM antibody binding to antigens in the fracture limb hind paw dermal cell nuclei. We postulate that fracture induces expression of neoantigens in the fracture limb skin, sciatic nerve, and cord, which trigger B cells to secret IgM antibodies that bind those antigens and initiate a pronociceptive antibody response. Autoimmunity plays a key role in the progression of nociceptive and vascular changes in the mouse fracture model and potentially contributes to the CRPS disease process.
Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Acquisition Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Pennsylvania: A Rural and Urban Comparison
Authors: Pinto Casey N. , Dorn Lorah D. , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Du Ping 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Adolescent and young adult chlamydia and gonorrhea rates in rural versus urban communities of Pennsylvania were analyzed from 2004 to 2014. Higher rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea have been documented in rural youth, making them more likely to acquire to suffer adverse outcomes than youth in urban populations.
A Cost Analysis of Gyrase A Testing and Targeted Ciprofloxacin Therapy Versus Recommended 2-Drug Therapy for Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection
Authors: Allan-Blitz Lao-Tzu , Hemarajata Peera , Humphries Romney M. , Wynn Adriane , Segura Eddy R. , Klausner Jeffrey D. 
Published: September 2017

Background
Novel approaches to combating drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections are urgently needed. Targeted therapy with ciprofloxacin has been made possible by a rapid assay for genotyping the gyrase A (gyrA) gene; a nonmutated gene reliably predicts susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Methods
We determined the costs of running the gyrA assay, 500 mg of ciprofloxacin, 250 mg of ceftriaxone injection, and 1000 mg of azithromycin. Cost estimates for gyrA testing included assay reagents and labor. Cost estimates for ceftriaxone included medication, injection, administration, supplies, and equipment. We measured the cost of using the gyrA assay and treatment based on genotype using previously collected data over a 13-month period between November 2015 and November 2016 for all N. gonorrhoeae cases diagnosed at UCLA. We subsequently developed 3 cost models, varying the frequency of testing and prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae infections with ciprofloxacin-resistant or genotype-indeterminate results. We compared those estimates with the cost of recommended 2-drug therapy (ceftriaxone and azithromycin).

Results
Based on a 65.3% prevalence of cases with ciprofloxacin-resistant or genotype indeterminate N. gonorrhoeae infections when running an average of 1.7 tests per day, the per-case cost of gyrA genotyping and targeted therapy was US $197.19. The per-case cost was US $155.16 assuming a 52.6% prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant or genotype-indeterminate infections when running an average of 17 tests per day. The per-case cost of 2-drug therapy was US $142.75.

Conclusions
Direct costs of gyrA genotyping and targeted ciprofloxacin therapy depend on the prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant or genotype-indeterminate infections and testing frequency.
Multiple Recurrent Fibromatosis With Cranial Fasciitis Characteristics in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Dai Rui , Pien Irene J. , Brown David A. , Marshall Andre , Fuchs Herbert E. , Marcus Jeffrey R. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Cranial fasciitis is a rare, rapidly growing, but benign fibroblastic tumor of the skull that generally presents in childhood. Local resection or curettage of the affected bone is generally curative and the tumor is thought not to recur. Cranial fasciitis is distinguished by positive cytoplasmic and nuclear beta-catenin staining. Fibromatosis is a clonal myofibroblastic nonmalignant proliferation that generally demonstrates positive nuclear beta-catenin staining. In this report, the authors present a patient with fibromatosis with cranial fasciitis characteristics in a 2.5-month-old boy who has had 7 recurrences (total 8 resections) of this fibroblastic neoplasm over 6 years of follow-up.
Outcomes of Endovascular Repair for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Hoshina Katsuyuki , Ishimaru Shin , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Yasunaga Hideo , Komori Kimihiro 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
To analyze data on patients treated with a bifurcated stent graft for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).

Background:
The Japan Committee for Stentgraft Management (JACSM) was established in 2007 to manage the safety of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) in Japan. The JACSM registry includes detailed anatomical and clinical data of all patients who undergo stent graft insertion in Japan.

Methods:
Among 51,380 patients treated with bifurcated stent graft for AAA, we identified 38,008 eligible patients (excluding those with rupture or insufficient data). The analyzed factors included age, sex, comorbidities, AAA pathology and etiology, aneurysm and neck diameters, 7 anti-instructions for use (IFU) factors, and endoleaks at hospital discharge. The endpoints were death, adverse events, sac dilatation (≥5 mm), and reintervention.

Results:
The rates of intraoperative and in-hospital mortality were 0.08% and 1.07%, respectively. Infectious aneurysm and pseudo-aneurysm were associated with overall survival and reintervention. Older age, large aneurysm diameter, and all types of persistent endoleaks were strong predictors of adverse events, sac dilatation, and reintervention. Comorbid cerebrovascular disease, renal dysfunction, and respiratory disorders were also risk factors. In total, 47.6% of patients violated the IFU; among the anti-IFU factors assessed, poor access and severe neck calcification were strong risk factors for mortality, reintervention, and adverse events. The sac dilatation rate at 5 years was 23.3%.

Conclusions:
Although the analysis included EVAR with poor anatomy, the perioperative mortality rate was acceptable compared with that in previous large population studies.