bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resiliencia en familias monoparentales con jefatura femenina en contextos de pobreza
Authors: Castillo Jénnifer , Galarza Dulce M. , González Rocío A. 
Published: August 2016

El presente trabajo muestra la construcción de la resiliencia y las experiencias de adversidad desde contextos de pobreza y vulnerabilidad en cinco mujeres jefas de familia que residen en la ciudad de San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México. Bajo una metodología cualitativa se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas individuales y un análisis de contenido estructurado, del cual se obtuvieron códigos y a su vez categorías que permitieron identificar las condiciones del contexto de vida que se relacionaban a la resiliencia. El estudio contribuye a la identificación de procesos por los cuales se construye la resiliencia a partir de experiencias de parentalidad, como la procuración del bienestar de sus hijas, a partir de los significados atribuidos a situaciones de adversidad, al reconocimiento de sus propios recursos psicológicos y a las condiciones que favorecen su contexto de vida. Los hallazgos ofrecen una evidencia sobre la importancia de promover la resiliencia a partir de recuperar las narrativas y proyectos personales de las mujeres que viven condiciones de vulnerabilidad. Las implicaciones de los resultados se sitúan en el ámbito de la salud mental integral que reconoce los factores sociales involucrados en la calidad de vida.
Transnacionalismo vasco e internet: Análisis del uso de blogs y Facebook en la diáspora
Authors: Díaz Bizkarguenaga Koldo , Tsavkko García Raphael 
Published: August 2016

La diáspora vasca es un tema que ha sido profundamente estudiado, sin embargo, los efectos que las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) tienen en los migrantes vascos es un objeto de estudio todavía por indagar. Mediante dos Tesis Doctorales este artículo analiza cualitativa y etnográficamente cómo la ciudadanía vasca construye identidad nacional fuera del País Vasco por medio de Blogs y Facebook, tanto en grupos de la Diáspora como en grupos no tan consolidados. El análisis de los blogs demuestra que Internet es una herramienta para construir identidad vasca y el de Facebook que es un espacio que la ciudadanía habita. Puede afirmarse que las diferentes construcciones identitarias de las personas migrantes y de las que residen en el País Vasco confluyen en el Hiperespacio. Lo cual, lleva a tensiones al oponer construcciones de la identidad nacional de diversas perspectivas sociales e históricas. Para denominar este territorio compartido se propondrá el concepto de país digital: una dimensión donde las realidades de los lugares geográficos y los espacios online convergen. El texto permite avanzar en el aprendizaje de la etnografía digital y en el mapeo de las fronteras geográficas y simbólicas de los países en la era de Internet.
Who were the Cārvākas?
Authors: Bronkhorst Johannes 
Published: August 2016

A great number of classical Sanskrit texts, most of them philosophical, refer to the Cārvākas or Lokāyatas (also Laukāyatikas, Lokāyatikas, Bārhaspatyas) who must have constituted a school of thought which has left us almost no literary documents. They once possessed a Sūtra text and several commentaries thereon, for fragments have been preserved in the works of those who criticise them. In modern secondary literature the Cārvākas are usually referred to as “materialists”, which is somewhat unfortunate. It is true that the Sūtra text (sometime called Bārhaspatya Sūtra) accepts as only principles (tattva) the four elements earth, water, fire and air;yet the term “materialism” and its cognates evoke in the modern world associations which are not necessarily appropriate for this ancient school of thought
Resolver problemas: una estrategia para el aprendizaje de la termodinámica
Authors: García García José Joaquín , Rentería Rodríguez Edilma 
Published: August 2016

<p>En este trabajo se analiza la influencia de una estrategia didáctica basada en la resolución de problemas que usa los procedimientos propios de la modelización experimental en el aprendizaje de los conceptos básicos de la termodinámica. El estudio tuvo un carácter cuasi experimental con un grupo control, un grupo experimental y la aplicación de un post-test. El test aplicado contaba con dieciocho ítems distribuidos en nueve factores referidos a la comprensión de los conceptos básicos de la termodinámica. Dicho test presentó un alfa (α) de Crombach de 0.61 considerado aceptable. El análisis de los datos se hizo a través de dos procedimientos: en primer lugar, comparando los porcentajes de respuestas correctas obtenidos por cada uno de los dos grupos en los ítems contemplados en la prueba. En segundo lugar, realizando una prueba t de Student de comparación de las medias obtenidas por el grupo experimental y el grupo control, en el test sobre comprensión de los conceptos termodinámicos. Los resultados de ambas comparaciones, permitieron concluir que la estrategia didáctica alternativa es mejor para lograr el aprendizaje conceptual en los estudiantes que la estrategia didáctica convencional.</p>
Cognición de grupo y cognición de enjambre en la solución del problema del agente viajero
Authors: Martínez Juan Felipe 
Published: August 2016

<p>En este trabajo se explora la solución colectiva de problemas mediante la comparación del desempeño grupal humano y los algoritmos de inteligencia de enjambres. En el estudio participaron treinta estudiantes universitarios de distintos programas académicos, con edades entre dieciocho y treinta años que fueron asignados en grupos conformados por tres, cinco o siete integrantes. Se utilizó una versión espacial (campo abierto) del problema del agente viajero. El desempeño de los participantes se comparó con la ejecución de algoritmos de inteligencia colectiva de enjambres. Los resultados muestran algunas semejanzas entre la cognición de grupo y la cognición de enjambre en los mecanismos de procesamiento de información, las estrategias de organización colectiva y las pautas de elección o estrategias de consenso.</p><p> </p>
Treatment Algorithm for Patients with Non-arthritic Hip Pain, Suspect for an Intraarticular Pathology
Authors: Jørgensen R. Wejnold , Dippmann C. , Dahl L. , Stürup J. 
Published: August 2016

Background:The amount of patients referred with longstanding, non-arthritic hip pain is increasing, as are the treatment options. Left untreated hip dysplasia, acetabular retroversion and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) may lead to osteoarthritis (OA). Finding the right treatment option for the right patient can be challenging in patients with non-arthritic hip pain.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to categorize the radiographic findings seen in patients with longstanding hip pain, suspect for an intraarticular pathology, and provide a treatment algorithm allocating a specific treatment option for each clinical condition.Material and Methods:A review of the literature was performed using Public Medline searches of MeSH terms combined with synonyms for femoroacetabular impingement, acetabular retroversion, periacetabular osteotomy and hip arthroscopy.Results:Radiographic findings associated with acetabular retroversion described in the literature were the crossover sign, the posterior wall sign and the ischial spine sign, while Wiberg’s lateral center-edge angle (CE-angle) together with Leqeusne’s acetabular index indicate hip dysplasia. A Tönnis index >2 indicates osteoarthritis, however unsatisfying results are documented following joint preserving surgery with a Tönnis index >1. Furthermore, ischial spine sign in combination with the posterior wall sign indicates total acetabular retroversion prone to periacetabular osteotomy in contrast to focal retroversion prone to hip arthroscopy. These findings were used creating a treatment algorithm for intraarticular pathologies in patients with longstanding hip pain.Conclusion:Based on the radiographic findings, the algorithm presented in this study can be a helpful tool in the decision-making for the treatment of patients with non-arthritic hip pain, suspect for intraarticular pathologies.
The Role of Disgust in Homosexuality Judgments
Authors: Nega C. , Pateraki L. , Saranti N. , Pasia A. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
There is a continuing debate on whether emotions underlie moral judgments. Recent studies have shown that emotions, and particularly disgust, play an important role in moral judgments.

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of induced disgust on implicit and explicit judgments of homosexuality and to examine the relationship between those judgments and disgust sensitivity.

Method:
Sixty-four college students were presented with a neutral or disgust inducing slideshow and a scenario describing homosexual or heterosexual couples French kissing in public. Implicit and explicit disapproval of public French kissing was measured along with disgust sensitivity.

Results:
The findings revealed that participants in the induced disgust condition showed greater implicit, but not explicit, disapproval of both homosexual and heterosexual public French kissing, compared to those in the neutral conditions. Homosexual public French kissing was implicitly judged more harshly than heterosexual public French kissing. With regard to disgust sensitivity, results revealed its contribution to implicit judgements.

Conclusion:
Present findings add to the existing literature by showing that disgust plays a role in the formation of implicit judgments of sexual behavior. Theoretical considerations accounting for the role of disgust in relation to the intentionality of moral actions are discussed.
Design and Weighting Methods for a Nationally Representative Sample of HIV-infected Adults Receiving Medical Care in the United States-Medical Monitoring Project
Authors: Iachan Ronaldo , H. Johnson Christopher , L. Harding Richard , Kyle Tonja , Saavedra Pedro , L. Frazier Emma , Beer Linda , L. Mattson Christine , Skarbinski Jacek 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Health surveys of the general US population are inadequate for monitoring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection because the relatively low prevalence of the disease (<0.5%) leads to small subpopulation sample sizes.

Objective:
To collect a nationally and locally representative probability sample of HIV-infected adults receiving medical care to monitor clinical and behavioral outcomes, supplementing the data in the National HIV Surveillance System. This paper describes the sample design and weighting methods for the Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) and provides estimates of the size and characteristics of this population.

Methods:
To develop a method for obtaining valid, representative estimates of the in-care population, we implemented a cross-sectional, three-stage design that sampled 23 jurisdictions, then 691 facilities, then 9,344 HIV patients receiving medical care, using probability-proportional-to-size methods. The data weighting process followed standard methods, accounting for the probabilities of selection at each stage and adjusting for nonresponse and multiplicity. Nonresponse adjustments accounted for differing response at both facility and patient levels. Multiplicity adjustments accounted for visits to more than one HIV care facility.

Results:
MMP used a multistage stratified probability sampling design that was approximately self-weighting in each of the 23 project areas and nationally. The probability sample represents the estimated 421,186 HIV-infected adults receiving medical care during January through April 2009. Methods were efficient (i.e., induced small, unequal weighting effects and small standard errors for a range of weighted estimates).

Conclusion:
The information collected through MMP allows monitoring trends in clinical and behavioral outcomes and informs resource allocation for treatment and prevention activities.
An Investigation of the Tribological Behaviour of High-Speed Tool Steels at Elevated Temperatures*
Authors: Walter M. , Egels G. , Boes J. , Röttger A. , Theisen W. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

The tribological behaviour of work roll materials is a key issue during hot rolling process of metals. The characteristics of the material (hardness and wear resistance) at elevated temperatures are of great interest for many industrial applications. The study investigates the mechanical properties and the sliding wear behaviour of HS 6-5-3-5 (HSS) high-speed tool steel, which is a common work roll material of the intermediate and finishing stands of hot rolling manufacturing lines. Experimental analysis focuses on the mechanical properties of steel HS 6-5-3-5 at elevated temperatures and on the microstructural surface changes of this material during metallic sliding wear. The results give an overview about the absolute hardness value of HS 6-5-3-5 at elevated temperatures and its evolution at constant operating temperatures. To conclude interdependencies between mechanical properties, microstructure and wear behaviour at elevated temperatures, results are discussed and connected with wear investigations. Findings reveal that high temperature wear behaviour is mainly dependent on the formation of a tribochemical wear layer on the wear bodies' surfaces. Layers suppress direct metallic contact and change the characteristics of the tribological system. Discussed issues of high temperature sliding wear are the formation and stability of tribochemical wear layers, their connection to and support by the bulk material, as well as the fracturing and damage of the layer-bulk-material compound.
Evaluation of the anti-cancer potential of <i>Mahonia aquifolium</i> extracts via apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis
Authors: Damjanović Ana Damjanović , Zdunić Gordana , Šavikin Katarina , Mandić Boris , Jadranin Milka , Matić Ivana Z. , Stanojkovic Tatjana P. 
Published: August 2016

<p class="Abstract">The cytotoxicity of <em>Mahonia aquifolium</em> ethanol and water extracts was examined using MTT test. The morphological changes were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Cell cycle distribution and possible activation of caspase-dependent pathway of cell death were assessed by flow cytometry. The effects of ethanol and water extracts on migration of endothelial EA.hy926 cells were analyzed by<em> in vitro</em> scratch assay and inhibition of angiogenesis was detected using tube formation assay. Both extracts demonstrated cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines with very high selectivity. Morphological evaluation indicated apoptosis. These results were confirmed with cell cycle analysis, where there was accumulation of cancer cells in the subG1 phase. Ethanol and water extracts induced a caspase-dependent apoptosis in HeLa cells through activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8. Both extracts showed the ability to inbibit the migration of EA.hy926 cells and initial steps of angiogenesis. In addition, ethanol extract exerted significant anti-angiogenic effect.</p><p><strong>Video Clip:</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/_b1LobagxyA">Cell seeding</a>: 2 min 26 sec</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/LZrwdyvFAyI">4 hours after treatment of MTT-SDS applied</a>: 54 sec</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/a6Dshdsg8TY">72 hours after treatment MTT applied</a>: 1 min 8 sec</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/RE_SH-CauRU">Day 2 treatment</a>: 1 min 32 sec</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/l4E1y0lgrAE">Measuring absorbance</a>: 9 sec </p>
EFFECT OF THE DRAG FORCE ON THE ORBITAL MOTION OF THE BROAD-LINE REGION CLOUDS
Authors: Khajenabi Fazeleh 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigate the orbital motion of cold clouds in the broad-line region of active galactic nuclei subject to the gravity of a black hole, a force due to a non-isotropic central source, and a drag force proportional to the velocity square. The intercloud is described using the standard solutions for the advection-dominated accretion flows. The orbit of a cloud decays because of the drag force, but the typical timescale of clouds falling onto the central black hole is shorter compared to the linear drag case. This timescale is calculated when a cloud moves through a static or rotating intercloud. We show that when the drag force is a quadratic function of the velocity, irrespective of the initial conditions and other input parameters, clouds will generally fall onto the central region much faster than the age of whole system, and since cold clouds present in most of the broad-line regions, we suggest that mechanisms for the continuous creation of the clouds must operate in these systems.
En Face Imaging of Epiretinal Membranes and the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Greven Margaret A. , Elkin Zachary , Nelson Ryan W. , Leng Theodore 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To describe en face swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) imaging of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) and the underlying retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
SS-OCT images were captured in nine eyes with ERMs. These SS-OCT en face images were qualitatively compared to spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) en face images. Using SS-OCT, en face images of the RNFL were obtained, if possible.

RESULTS:
En face SS-OCT images of ERMs were obtained in all nine eyes of eight individuals with clinically diagnosed ERMs that were superior to SD-OCT images. Clear en face images of the RNFL were acquired in seven of nine eyes (78%) using SS-OCT.

CONCLUSIONS:
SS-OCT is a novel method for generating en face images of ERMs. Compared with SDOCT en face images, SS-OCT could more clearly identify the plaques and folds of ERMs and underlying defects in the RNFL. Such images could be useful for surgical planning and assessment of the integrity of the underlying RNFL.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:730–734.]
Objective Quantification of Retinal Shortening: Sonographic Evidence of Intraretinal Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Takkar Brijesh , Tripathy Koushik , Azad Shorya Vardhan , Venkatesh Pradeep , Chawla Rohan 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate retinal shortening with ultrasound (USG) in patients with retinal detachment (RD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This was a pilot, prospective, investigative study. Ten consecutive patients undergoing surgery for total RD with anterior or posterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) graded more than grade C1 were included. Longitudinal USG B-scan was done for all patients to calculate retinal-to-choroidal length ratio (RCR). Quadrant-based RCRs and mean RCRs were calculated. All patients were followed for a minimum period of 3 months for unexplained recurrent retinal detachment.

RESULTS:

Mean duration of RD was 14.2 months and a mean of 2.8 retinal quadrants had epiretinal PVR, subretinal PVR, or both. Mean RCR was 0.81 and was the least in superior temporal quadrant. Seven patients developed recurrent RD, five at the first weekly visit. All of these patients had an RCR of less than 0.8 in at least one quadrant, whereas none of the remaining three patients had a quadrantic RCR of less than 0.8 (
P
= .008). Mean RCR was less than 0.8 in four of seven patients with recurrent RD (
P
= .2)

CONCLUSION:
Retinal shortening can be measured objectively with USG based RCRs. Low RCR in any retinal quadrant is a serious concern deserving appropriate patient counseling.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:746–750.]
Implementation of state-of-the-art ternary new-particle formation scheme to
the regional chemical transport model PMCAMx-UF in Europe
Authors: Baranizadeh Elham , Murphy Benjamin N. , Julin Jan , Falahat Saeed , Reddington Carly L. , Arola Antti , Ahlm Lars , Mikkonen Santtu , Fountoukis Christos , Patoulias David , Minikin Andreas , Hamburger Thomas , Laaksonen Ari , Pandis Spyros N. , Vehkamäki Hanna , Lehtinen Kari E. J. , Riipinen Ilona 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The particle formation scheme within PMCAMx-UF, a three-dimensional chemical transport model, was updated with particle formation rates for the ternary H2SO4–NH3–H2O pathway simulated by the Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC) using quantum chemical input data. The model was applied over Europe for May 2008, during which the EUCAARI-LONGREX (European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions–Long-Range Experiment) campaign was carried out, providing aircraft vertical profiles of aerosol number concentrations. The updated model reproduces the observed number concentrations of particles larger than 4 nm within 1 order of magnitude throughout the atmospheric column. This agreement is encouraging considering the fact that no semi-empirical fitting was needed to obtain realistic particle formation rates. The cloud adjustment scheme for modifying the photolysis rate profiles within PMCAMx-UF was also updated with the TUV (Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible) radiative-transfer model. Results show that, although the effect of the new cloud adjustment scheme on total number concentrations is small, enhanced new-particle formation is predicted near cloudy regions. This is due to the enhanced radiation above and in the vicinity of the clouds, which in turn leads to higher production of sulfuric acid. The sensitivity of the results to including emissions from natural sources is also discussed.
New study on the 1941 Gloria Fault earthquake and tsunami
Authors: Baptista Maria Ana , Miranda Jorge Miguel , Batlló Josep , Lisboa Filipe , Luis Joaquim , Maciá Ramon 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The M ∼ 8.3–8.4 25 November 1941 was one of the largest submarine strike-slip earthquakes ever recorded in the Northeast (NE) Atlantic basin. This event occurred along the Eurasia–Nubia plate boundary between the Azores and the Strait of Gibraltar. After the earthquake, the tide stations in the NE Atlantic recorded a small tsunami with maximum amplitudes of 40 cm peak to through in the Azores and Madeira islands. In this study, we present a re-evaluation of the earthquake epicentre location using seismological data not included in previous studies. We invert the tsunami travel times to obtain a preliminary tsunami source location using the backward ray tracing (BRT) technique. We invert the tsunami waveforms to infer the initial sea surface displacement using empirical Green's functions, without prior assumptions about the geometry of the source. The results of the BRT simulation locate the tsunami source quite close to the new epicentre. This fact suggests that the co-seismic deformation of the earthquake induced the tsunami. The waveform inversion of tsunami data favours the conclusion that the earthquake ruptured an approximately 160 km segment of the plate boundary, in the eastern section of the Gloria Fault between −20.249 and −18.630° E. The results presented here contribute to the evaluation of tsunami hazard in the Northeast Atlantic basin.