bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Premature Mortality on the Link Between Type 2 Diabetes and Hip Fracture: The Fremantle Diabetes Study
Authors: Hamilton Emma , Davis Wendy A. , Bruce David G. , Davis Timothy M. E. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Context:
Studies of hip fracture complicating diabetes have not considered the effect of premature mortality.

Objective:
The aim of our study was to determine influence of the competing risk of death on the association between type 2 diabetes and hip fracture.

Design:
The study was designed as a longitudinal observational study.

Setting:
The study setting was an urban community.

Patients:
Participants included 1291 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 64.0 years) and 5159 matched residents without diabetes.

Main Outcome Measures:
Primary outcome measures were incident hip fracture hospitalizations and deaths. Hip fracture risk was assessed using proportional hazards and competing risk regression modeling.

Results:
During a mean of 14.1 years of follow-up, the incidence rate ratio for first hip fracture hospitalization in participants with vs without diabetes was 1.33 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05 to 1.68; P = 0.013]. Type 2 diabetes was associated with a cause-specific hazard ratio (csHR) for hip fracture of 1.50 (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.89; P &lt; 0.001) and a subdistribution hazard ratio (sdHR) of 1.21 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.52; P = 0.11) after adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities. In patients with diabetes, significant csHRs for incident hip fracture were male sex (protective), body mass index (protective), insulin use, and renal impairment. These variables, with increasing age, also had significant sdHRs.

Conclusions:
The diabetes-associated risk of hip fracture is attenuated after allowing for the competing risk of death. Risk factors for hip fracture in diabetes were those in reported in general population studies plus insulin use.
Differentially correlated genes in co-expression networks control phenotype transitions
Authors: Thomas Lina D. , Vyshenska Dariia , Shulzhenko Natalia , Yambartsev Anatoly , Morgun Andrey 
Published: November 2016

Background: Co-expression networks are a tool widely used for analysis of “Big Data” in biology that can range from transcriptomes to proteomes, metabolomes and more recently even microbiomes. Several methods were proposed to answer biological questions interrogating these networks. Differential co-expression analysis is a recent approach that measures how gene interactions change when a biological system transitions from one state to another. Although the importance of differentially co-expressed genes to identify dysregulated pathways has been noted, their role in gene regulation is not well studied. Herein we investigated differentially co-expressed genes in a relatively simple mono-causal process (B lymphocyte deficiency) and in a complex multi-causal system (cervical cancer).Methods: Co-expression networks of B cell deficiency (Control and BcKO) were reconstructed using Pearson correlation coefficient for twomus musculusdatasets: B10.A strain (12 normal, 12 BcKO) and BALB/c strain (10 normal, 10 BcKO). Co-expression networks of cervical cancer (normal and cancer) were reconstructed using local partial correlation method for five datasets (total of 64 normal, 148 cancer). Differentially correlated pairs were identified along with the location of their genes in BcKO and in cancer networks. Minimum Shortest Path and Bi-partite Betweenness Centrality where statistically evaluated for differentially co-expressed genes in corresponding networks. Results: We show that in B cell deficiency the differentially co-expressed genes are highly enriched with immunoglobulin genes (causal genes). In cancer we found that differentially co-expressed genes act as “bottlenecks” rather than causal drivers with most flows that come from the key driver genes to the peripheral genes passing through differentially co-expressed genes. Usingin vitroknockdown experiments for two out of 14 differentially co-expressed genes found in cervical cancer (FGFR2 and CACYBP), we showed that they play regulatory roles in cancer cell growth.Conclusion: Identifying differentially co-expressed genes in co-expression networks is an important tool in detecting regulatory genes involved in alterations of phenotype.
Factors influencing export of financial services
Authors: Lindemane Marija , Purins Ilmars , Rutitis Didzis 
Published: November 2016

Almost all countries in the world are involved in the world trade of financial services. However, whereas for most countries the export of financial services is only a side result of their foreign economic activities, for some countries it composes a constitutive source of income. The purpose of the current research is to determine the factors that influence the export of financial services thereby explaining the differences in geographic allocation of financial services export throughout the world. For achieving this purpose, such research methodology as analysis of selected literature on financial services, an expert survey, as well as mathematical processing of the obtained research data have been used. The result of the research has reflected common factors, which according to the financial experts’ opinion have the most significant influence on any country's export of financial services.
Peer production in the Internet and unauthorized copying of an intellectual property in the bit-torrent network
Authors: Czetwertyński Sławomir 
Published: November 2016

This paper deals with the phenomenon of peer production in the context of unauthorized copying of information goods. Acc. to Yochai Benkler, it is a form of production operation based on a community. It is widely applied in the Internet and consequently, such information goods as GNU/Linux and Wikipedia have been established. Although the peer production has promoted growth in importance of, among others, free software or an open source initiative, it is also related to unauthorized copying of an intellectual property commonly called Internet piracy. The huge scale of this phenomenon, which is nearly 24% of entire Internet traffic, must not be ignored. In the paper a hypothesis has been put forward that low efficiency of counteracting of intellectual property unauthorized copying results from that fact that, to a great extent, it is generated in a process of the peer production. In turn, the goal of the paper is verification of the thesis in the progress of considerations regarding the nature of both the peer production and the unauthorized copying. A research field was limited to a P2P file exchange network based on a BitTorrent protocol.
Infrastructures of romantic love: Chinese love letters in the early 1900s
Authors: Su Hua 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This article examines Chinese love letters in the early twentieth century in order to understand how medial infrastructures shaped the romantic relationship of modern Chinese who sought freedom in love and mate selection revolting against the Confucian family institution. It proposes that the materiality and technicity of the letter, a particularly modern postal service, penned scripts and vernacular writing played a significant role in shaping letter writing and romantic relationships. The changing medial and cultural conditions of the letters contributed to the transformation of love letters from an object for artistic appreciation to a private practice in everyday life; and the private letters in turn shaped romantic love with mechanisms of presence that both facilitated bonding over distance and arranged lovers into the postal grids. Overall, this study offers a technological perspective on love letters as the media of Chinese romantic love in the early twentieth century.
Etnografia de Idosos que moram sozinhos: desafios e possibilidades
Authors: Silva Leidelene Oliveira da , Coronago Virgínia Maria Mendes Oliveira 
Published: November 2016

O envelhecimento é um processo que todo indivíduo experimenta em algum momento de sua existência e pode ser conceituada como uma fase da vida onde o ser humano enfrenta diversas dificuldades, principalmente nas atividades rotineiras, pois a senescência traz vulnerabilidade, além da constante dependência dos outros. De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde - OMS, a população acima e 60 anos aumentará nas próximas décadas, pois seus estudos apontam que no ano de 2025 haverá mais 800 milhões de pessoas com idade superior a 65 anos em todo o mundo (NUNES, et al., 2009). Assim analisamos a importância de conhecer as reais condições de vida da pessoa idosa e como estas, enfrentam os desafios comuns a esse fase da existência. O estudo delimita como objetivo geral avaliar o perfil de idosos que moram sozinhos. Será realizado com pessoas idosas participantes do Projeto Vida Ativa. Iniciaremos identificando o perfil sócio/cultural/demográfico da população estudada; analisar a qualidade de vida dos participantes do estudo e investigar os motivos que os levaram a residirem sozinhos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, baseada nos pressupostos etnográficos, que inclui a observação participante, entrevistas semi-estrutradas e elaboração de diário de campo. As informações serão obtidas, a princípio no Centro de Cultura Camilo de Jesus Lima, lócus de desenvolvimento do projeto e posteriormente nas residências dos idosos selecionados. Para análise das informações obtidas utilizaremos a metodologia interpretativa sugerida pelo antropólogo Clifford Geertz (1997).
Empreendedorismo e Sustentabilidade: Uma Visão Psicológica
Authors: Timóteo Patricia Pereira De Sousa , Beserra Theóphilo Michel Álvares Cabral 
Published: November 2016

O presente trabalho teve por finalidade, discutir a cultura organizacional predatória, vigente nas empresas atuais. A visão holística do fenômeno do empreendedorismo, considera as empresas como “sistemas abertos”, passíveis de modificação pela ação externa. Adotou-se como referencial teórico a Psicologia Comportamental e o Pensamento Sistêmico. A metodologia utilizada foi a analítico-descritiva, baseada na pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico e documental com apreciação qualitativa dos dados. Procurou-se observar a cultura organizacional através da educação - ação cognitiva direcionada, recorrendo à Psicologia, como suporte para desconstruir os padrões mentais existentes. Tal estratégia permitiu reconstruir novos padrões, baseados nos preceitos da sustentabilidade, refazendo a conexão natural que o homem possui com a natureza a que pertencemos. Dessa forma, acredita-se conseguir o equilíbrio psíquico que permite o sadio desenvolvimento das empresas, e da sociedade de uma maneira geral.
Unusual case of postpartum gingival enlargement: diagnosis and management
Authors: Arora Shipra , Ahad Abdul , Tandon Shruti , Lamba Arundeep , Faraz Farrukh 
Published: November 2016

Gingival enlargement is a clinical condition that has been widely studied. Usually, it is related to specific local or systemic factors. However, it is difficult sometimes to find out a definite etiology, and treatment has to be done according to presenting clinical features.Â This article presents an unusual case of gingival enlargement that occurred after pregnancy without any clear underlying etiology. A female aged 31 years reported with gingival enlargement and mobility of teeth during lactation period. Gingival enlargement had started 2 months after child birth.Â All female sex hormones were found to be within normal limits. Karyotyping was also found to be normal, without any genetic alteration. Radiographic analysis revealed generalized severe crestal bone loss. After phase I periodontal therapy, enlargement was managed surgically under local anaesthesia. On histological examination of excised specimen, tissue was found to be hyperplastic. Although a definite etiology could not be ascertained, the treatment was successful and there has been no recurrence after one year post-treatment interval.
On a class of fully nonlinear parabolic equations
Authors: Antontsev Stanislav , Shmarev Sergey 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We study the homogeneous Dirichlet problem for the fully nonlinear equation

u_{t}=|\Delta u|^{m-2}\Delta u-d|u|^{\sigma-2}u+f\quad\text{in ${Q_{T}=\Omega%
\times(0,T)}$,}

with the parameters

{m>1}

,

{\sigma>1}

and

{d\geq 0}

.
At the points where

{\Delta u=0}

, the equation degenerates if

{m>2}

, or becomes singular if

{m\in(1,2)}

.
We derive conditions of existence and uniqueness of strong solutions, and study the asymptotic behavior of strong solutions as

{t\to\infty}

.
Sufficient conditions for exponential or power decay of

{\|\nabla u(t)\|_{2,\Omega}}

are derived.
It is proved that for certain ranges of the exponents m and σ, every strong solution vanishes in a finite time.
Geometrical Modeling of Woven Fabrics Weavability-Limit New Relationships
Authors: Dalal Mohamed , Drean Jean-Yves , Osselin Jean-François 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The weavability limit and tightness for 2D and 3D woven fabrics is an important factor and depends on many geometric parameters. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature on textile fabric construction and property, and related research on fabric geometry, a study of the weavability limit and tightness relationships of 2D and 3D woven fabrics was undertaken. Experiments were conducted on a representative number of polyester and cotton woven fabrics which have been woven in our workshop, using three machines endowed with different insertion systems (rapier, projectiles and air jet). Afterwards, these woven fabrics have been analyzed in the laboratory to determine their physical and mechanical characteristics using air permeability-meter and KES-F KAWABATA Evaluation System for Fabrics. In this study, the current Booten’s weavability limit and tightness relationships based on Ashenhurst’s, Peirce’s, Love’s, Russell’s, Galuszynskl’s theory and maximum-weavability is reviewed and modified as new relationships to expand their use to general cases (2D and 3D woven fabrics, all fiber materiel, all yarns etc…). The theoretical relationships were examined and found to agree with experimental results. It was concluded that the weavability limit and tightness relationships are useful tools for weavers in predicting whether a proposed fabric construction was weavable and also in predicting and explaining their physical and mechanical properties.
Simulations in orthopedics and rehabilitation – Part II: computer simulations
Authors: Dygut Jacek , Piwowar Piotr , Gołda Maria , Popławski Krzysztof , Jakubas Robert , Gonzales Gustaw , Piwowar Monika 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Simulations in medicine have already become the mainstream trend in the field of research and education. It includes simulations on simulators through which students are afforded the opportunity to train manual skills as well as series of simulations that enable one to train not just motor and manual skills alone. Some of these offer the student the basis to train decision-making process and conduct experiments that visualize biological phenomena that are important from a doctor’s perspective. The authors have done a review of medical computer simulations and found that simulations in medicine focus, in respect of the issues raised, on techniques and computer science aspects. The first one is discussed in the paper “Simulations in orthopedics and rehabilitation – Part I: Simulators.” The second one is discussed in this paper. In the paper, the authors focus on computer simulations, in the broadest sense, presenting them while taking into consideration the distinction between simulations used for the following purposes: test (conducted under laboratory conditions), training (incorporated into school, universities syllabus), and diagnostic and therapeutic (within the hospital, clinics, private medical practice).
Education as Tool for the Development of Creative Industries in Slovakia
Authors: Šipikal Miroslav , Madudová Emília 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Education is widely accepted as important source of future economic growth and is strongly supported by public sources. Most of this support is oriented toward traditional education and industries. However, several studies show importance of creativity education as important feature for innovation and future growth. However, public support of creative industries is relatively new and most of policy measures that have been implemented are still not fully evaluated and understood. There si a strong need to look much more closer on way how public education influence creative industries and what policies could be placed to strengthen positive effects of this education also in the long run.
This article represents an output of the research about the creative industries support policy in Slovakia in the field of education activities. It is containing basic literature overview comparing support policies for traditional sectors and the creative industries. We analyzed conceptual documents at the national level and basic strategic documents in the regions and selected cities of the country. We also realized several interviews in different creative economy industries.
Generally, creative industries in Slovakia are much less in the centre of public support policy compare to traditional industry sectors. This is also the same in case of education. Despite of wide varietyof support tools used in the world, only few of them are applied in Slovakia. Interestingly, creative industries do not strongly require more creativity in education in schools. We found out the most important support in the field of education should not be related to creativity itself, but more on the complementary skills as ICT or entrepreneurship. We also found very limited role of universities and other public institutions in creative industries success stories.
Market-based Approach in Shift from Linear Economy Towards Circular Economy Supported by Game Theory Analysis
Authors: Dolinsky Martin , Maier Stephan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Purpose of the article is to partially describe underpinning economics for the circular economy. A circular economy (closed-loop system) is an advancement from the linear economy (open-loop system) which behaves according to the hierarchy of 6R, preferring reuse, remanufacture or recycle solutions insead of disposal (known also as a „linear dead-end“).

This new approach is a trigger of new business models seeking many times vor various kinds of support from the side of government. However, governmental support is not neither the only option nor the most functional one. Underpinning economics for the circular economy can be based also at market-based tools. What we have in mind under this term for the purspose of this paper is the game in the market being played between buyers and sellers.

Methodology: We have analyzed this interaction using game theory tool (interactive decision theory).

The scietific goal of our paper was to suggest a quick market-based solution how to support circular economy business models whilst helping to the society to solve certain social problems.

Our findings have led to a newly proposed way, how the current game in pricing could be changed.

An emphasis shall be placed on strategies how to rise prices of linear economy products whilst offering wider social benefits to small sellers of such products. The price increase of linear economy products is considered in this paper as a market-based incentive to support recycled, remanufactured ones, whilst circular economy products are becoming more economically feasible in comparison with more expensive linear economy products.
Computational Qualitative Economics – Using Computational Intelligence for Andvanced Learning of Economics in Knowledge Society
Authors: Andrasik Ladislav 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In economics there are several complex learning themes and tasks connected with them difficult for deeper understanding of the learning subject. These are the reasons originating serious learning problems for students in the form of Virtual Environment because deeper understanding requires high level mathematical skills. Actually the most important feature for discerning this part of economics is the set of qualitative shapes emerging in discrete dynamic systems when they are undergoing iterations and/or experimentation with parameters and initial coordinates of variables. Among such shapes there are: - trajectories in evolving time; - trajectories in R2 of two variables; - cobweb portraits; - one control parameter bifurcation with first and/or with second variables; - two control parameters bifurcation in R2 (attractive basin of double controls); - cycles; - basin of attraction of two variables; - one Lyapunov’s exponent against some of control parameters; - Lyapunov’s exponents with two control parameters in R2; - absorbing area with possibility to create critical curves and/or attractors. The hope is that products of computational intelligence may help them solve such problems. Naturally, the meant complex economic problems and tasks have discrete, qualitative and nonlinear (noninvertible) nature resulting in increased level of difficulties. So with the term used in the head of this paper one has to understand narrowly: “qualitative nonlinear computational economics”. For better understanding the very nature of the problem we are using as appropriate example actual simulation of the model of new ICT products monopolies in virtual laboratory built in the routines setting dominantly in the software iDMC.
Nynorn: Die Rekonstruktion des Norn
Authors: Korobzow Natalie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe following article strives to present a project that was launched by language enthusiasts in an attempt to revive Norn, a Scandinavian language that used to be spoken on the Northern Isles but died out about 200 years ago. On that account, the reasons and mechanics of language endangerment and language death are examined in this paper as well as different approaches to language revival or revitalization. The importance of language as a means of preserving one’s identity is only one of the reasons why these kinds of projects deserve more attention than they have gotten so far. Although Norn is classified as aTrümmersprache, which means that not a lot is known about it, a lot of works have been published about it. As a topic, it is far from being exhausted. TheNynorn project, however, is a relatively new attempt that hasn’t been covered by scientific research yet. The aim of this paper is to provide insight into the work of the Nynorn community that tries to reconstruct a version of Norn that people will be able to speak one day.