bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infertility: An Emerging Public Health Issue in Nepal
Authors: Gautam Madhav , Risal Prabodh 
Published: January 2018

Infertility is one of the major health care problems worldwide, including Nepal. An increasing trend of infertility has been noticed recently in Nepal however, exact prevalence rate is still unknown. Male and female factors, lifestyle factors and pesticides exposures are the main causes of infertility. In Nepal, particulary migration of fertile age group abroad for job and its consequences may be the main causes of infertility. Due to lack of knowlege regarding the prevalnce and exact causes of infertility in Nepal, nationwide study is required.
Molecular Correlates of In Vitro Responses to Dacomitinib and Afatinib in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Tamura Shuzo , Wang Yin , Veeneman Brendan , Hovelson Daniel , Bankhead Armand , Broses Luke J. , Lorenzatti Hiles Guadalupe , Liebert Monica , Rubin John R. , Day Kathleen C. , Hussain Maha , Neamati Nouri , Tomlins Scott , Palmbos Philip L. , Grivas Petros , Day Mark L. 
Published: January 2018

Background: The HER family of proteins (EGFR, HER2, HER3 and HER4) have long been thought to be therapeutic targets for bladder cancer, but previous clinical trials targeting these proteins have been disappointing. Second generation agents may be more effective. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate responses to two second-generation irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitors, dacomitinib and afatinib, in bladder cancer cell lines. Methods: Cell lines were characterized by targeted next generation DNA sequencing, RNA sequencing, western blotting and flow cytometry. Cell survival responses to dacomitinib or afatinib were determined using (3-[4,5-dimethylthioazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) or [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) and phenazine methosylfate (PMS) cell survival assays. Results: Only two cell lines of 12 tested were sensitive to afatinib. Sensitivity to afatinib was significantly associated with mutation in either HER2 or HER3 ( p < 0.05). The two cell lines sensitive to afatinib were also responsive to dacomitinib ralong with an additional 4 other cell lines out of 16 tested. No characteristic was associated with dacomitinib sensitivity. Molecular profiling demonstrated that only two genes were high in both afatinib and dacomitinib sensitive cells. Further rhigher expression of RAS pathway genes was noted for dacomitinib responsive cells. Conclusions: This study confirms that cell line screening can be useful in pre-clinical evaluation of targeted small molecule inhibitors and suggests that compounds with similar structure(s) and target(s) may have distinct sensitivity profiles. Further rcombinational targeting of additional molecularly relevant pathways may be important in enhancing responses to HER targeted agents in bladder cancer.
Toward Personalised Liquid Biopsies for Urothelial Carcinoma: Characterisation of ddPCR and Urinary cfDNA for the Detection of the TERT 228 G>A/T Mutation
Authors: Russo Ilaria J. , Ju Yongwon , Gordon Naheema S. , Zeegers Maurice P. , Cheng K.K. , James Nicholas D. , Bryan Richard T. , Ward Douglas G. 
Published: January 2018

Background: TERT promotor mutations are present in >75% of bladder tumours; these mutations are also detectable in urine. Previous studies have used urinary pellet DNA, and semi-quantitative methods unsuitable for detecting very low mutant allele frequencies. Objective: In this proof-of-principle study we use ddPCR to count the DNA molecules with wt and mutant TERT sequences in urinary cfDNA from patients whose bladder cancers harbour TERT mutations. Methods: Urinary cfDNA prepared from the urine from 104 bladder cancer patients was analysed. We determined the mutant allele frequency across stages and grades of disease, analysed concordance between cfDNA and tumour DNA, compared cfDNA with pellet DNA, and analysed the quantity and size distribution of cfDNA. Results: In 71 of 77 patients with a 228 G>A/T mutant tumour, the mutation was also detected in urinary cfDNA by ddPCR; all 6 “false negatives” were low grade pTa tumours. Overall concordance between tissue and cfDNA mutation status was 92%, and 100% was achieved for high grade disease. Median mutant allele frequencies in urinary cfDNA were 3.4, 13.4 and 32.1% in grade 1, 2 and 3 disease. The 228 G>A/T mutation was not detected in urinary cfDNA in 26 out of 27 mutation-negative patients (96% specificity). Conclusions: Concordance between tumour DNA and urinary cfDNA is high, and TERT 228 G>A/T ddPCR may prove useful for monitoring patients that harbour this mutation. Mutant allele frequencies in cfDNA are often high, but assays capable of detecting very low mutant allele frequencies will be required to achieve high sensitivity in low grade disease.
Structural Connectivity Alterations Along the Alzheimer’s Disease Continuum: Reproducibility Across Two Independent Samples and Correlation with Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-β and Tau
Authors: Tucholka Alan , Grau-Rivera Oriol , Falcon Carles , Rami Lorena , Sánchez-Valle Raquel , Lladó Albert , Gispert Juan Domingo , Molinuevo José Luis ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2018

Background: Gray matter changes associated with the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been thoroughly studied. However, alterations in white matter tracts have received less attention, particularly during early or preclinical stages of the disease. Objective: To identify the structural connectivity changes across the AD continuum. Methods: We performed probabilistic tractography in a total of 183 subjects on two independent samples that include control ( n = 68) and preclinical AD individuals ( n = 28), patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD ( n = 44), and AD patients ( n = 43). We compared the connectivity between groups, and with CSF Aβ42 and tau biomarkers. Results: We observed disconnections in preclinical individuals, mainly located in the temporal lobe. This pattern of disconnection spread to the parietal and frontal lobes at the MCI stage and involved almost all the brain in AD. These findings were not driven by gray matter atrophy. Discussion: Using tractography, we were able to identify white matter changes between subsequent disease stages and, notably, also in preclinical AD. Therefore, this method may be useful for detecting early and specific brain structural changes during preclinical AD stage.
Dilated Perivascular Spaces in the Centrum Semiovale Begin to Develop in Middle Age
Authors: Ishikawa Masatsune , Yamada Shigeki , Yamamoto Kazuo 
Published: January 2018

Background: Dilated perivascular spaces in the centrum semiovale (CSO-PVS) are closely related to small vessel disease. However, recent studies have revealed that cerebral amyloid angiopathy can cause dilation of the CSO-PVS and obstruction of interstitial fluid flow along the intramural periarterial drainage. Objective: To examine the severity and age-related prevalence of CSO-PVS through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and investigate their clinically relevant factors. Methods: This study included 1,060 subjects who participated in our brain program. The subjects ranged from 23 to 83 years in age and were active in society. The frequencies of the MRI abnormalities of small vessel diseases, including CSO-PVS, were examined. The CSO-PVS severity was classified into three grades: G0, G1, G2, according to the visual rating. The subjects were divided into five age groups and their age-related frequencies were also studied. Using the clinico-laboratory data of 712 subjects, the clinically relevant factors of CSO-PVS were investigated using logistic regression analysis. Results: The frequencies of all G0 (“normal”) MRI abnormalities significantly decreased with age. A high prevalence of G2 CSO-PVS was observed (24%) in the youngest group aged≤39 years, whereas other MRI abnormalities in this group were not or rarely observed. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, G2 CSO-PVS was found to be closely associated with age, hypertension, and the estimated glomerular filtration ratio. Conclusions: This study reveals that CSO-PVS begin to develop in subjects aged less than 39 years. Age-related changes are involved. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the pathophysiological role of the CSO-PVS.
Establishing a New Screening System for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease with Mental Rotation Tasks that Evaluate Visuospatial Function
Authors: Suzuki Ayuko , Shinozaki Jun , Yazawa Shogo , Ueki Yoshino , Matsukawa Noriyuki , Shimohama Shun , Nagamine Takashi 
Published: January 2018

Background: The mental rotation task is well-known for the assessment of visuospatial function; however, it has not been used for screening of dementia patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to create a simple screening test for patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by focusing on non-amnestic symptoms. Methods: Age-matched healthy controls (age 75.3±6.8), patients with MCI (76.5±5.5), and AD (78.2±5.0) participated in this study. They carried out mental rotation tasks targeting geometric graphics or alphabetical characters with three rotating angles (0°, 90°, and 180°) and indicated the correct answer. Response accuracy and reaction time were recorded along with their eye movements using an eye tracker. To quantify their visual processing strategy, the run count ratio (RC ratio) was calculated by dividing the mean number of fixations in incorrect answers by that in correct answers. Results: AD patients showed lower accuracy and longer reaction time than controls. They also showed a significantly greater number of fixation and smaller saccade amplitude than controls, while fixation duration did not differ significantly. The RC ratio was higher for AD, followed by MCI and control groups. By setting the cut-off value to 0.47 in the 180° rotating angle task, we could differentiate MCI patients from controls with a probability of 80.0%. Conclusions: We established a new screening system for dementia patients by evaluating visuospatial function. The RC ratio during a mental rotation task is useful for discriminating MCI patients from controls.
Evolution of Complex 3D Motions in Spicules
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Verth Gary , Erdélyi Robertus 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Ubiquitous transverse oscillations observed in spicular waveguides, identified as the kink wave-mode had previously been reported along with periodic structural distortions of the flux tubes, observed as cross-sectional width and associated photometric variations. Previous studies identified these perturbations as the observed signatures of concurrent kink and sausage wave-modes. High-resolution Hα imaging-spectroscopy data from the CRisp Imaging SpectroPolarimeter at the Swedish Solar Telescope are used to analyze the off-limb spicular structures. For the first time, the evolution of the resultant transverse displacement of the flux-tube structure, estimated from the perpendicular velocity components, is analyzed along with longitudinal, cross-sectional width, photometric, and azimuthal shear/torsion variations. The pulse-like nonlinear kink wave-mode shows strong coupling with these observables, with a period-doubling, -tripling aspect, supported by mutual phase relations concentrated around 0° and

±
180
°

. The three-dimensional ensemble of the observed dynamical components revealed complexities pertinent to the accurate identification and interpretation of, e.g., linear/nonlinear, coupled/uncoupled magnetohydrodynamical wave-modes in spicules.
Flare Activity of Wide Binary Stars with Kepler
Authors: Clarke Riley W. , Davenport James R. A. , Covey Kevin R. , Baranec Christoph 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present an analysis of flare activity in wide binary stars using a combination of value-added data sets from the NASA Kepler mission. The target list contains a set of previously discovered wide binary star systems identified by proper motions in the Kepler field. We cross-matched these systems with estimates of flare activity for ∼200,000 stars in the Kepler field, allowing us to compare relative flare luminosity between stars in coeval binaries. From a sample of 184 previously known wide binaries in the Kepler field, we find 58 with detectable flare activity in at least 1 component, 33 of which are similar in mass (q > 0.8). Of these 33 equal-mass binaries, the majority display similar (±1 dex) flare luminosity between both stars, as expected for stars of equal mass and age. However, we find two equal-mass pairs where the secondary (lower mass) star is more active than its counterpart, and two equal-mass pairs where the primary star is more active. The stellar rotation periods are also anomalously fast for stars with elevated flare activity. Pairs with discrepant rotation and activity qualitatively seem to have lower mass ratios. These outliers may be due to tidal spin-up, indicating these wide binaries could be hierarchical triple systems. We additionally present high-resolution adaptive optics images for two wide binary systems to test this hypothesis. The demographics of stellar rotation and magnetic activity between stars in wide binaries may be useful indicators for discerning the formation scenarios of these systems.
The Second Nucleus of NGC 7727: Direct Evidence for the Formation and Evolution of an Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxy*
Authors: Schweizer François , Seitzer Patrick , Whitmore Bradley C. , Kelson Daniel D. , Villanueva Edward V. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present new observations of the late-stage merger galaxy NGC 7727, including Hubble Space Telescope/WFPC2 images and long-slit spectra obtained with the Clay telescope. NGC 7727 is relatively luminous (

= −21.7) and features two unequal tidal tails, various bluish arcs and star clusters, and two bright nuclei 480 pc apart in projection. These two nuclei have nearly identical redshifts, yet are strikingly different. The primary nucleus, hereafter Nucleus 1, fits smoothly into the central luminosity profile of the galaxy and appears—at various wavelengths—“red and dead.” In contrast, Nucleus 2 is very compact, has a tidal radius of 103 pc, and exhibits three signs of recent activity: a post-starburst spectrum, an [O iii] emission line, and a central X-ray point source. Its emission-line ratios place it among Seyfert nuclei. A comparison of Nucleus 2 (

= −15.5) with ultracompact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) suggests that it may be the best case yet for a massive UCD having formed through tidal stripping of a gas-rich disk galaxy. Evidence for this comes from its extended star formation history, long blue tidal stream, and elevated dynamical-to-stellar-mass ratio. While the majority of its stars formed

ago, ∼1/3 formed during starbursts in the past 2 Gyr. Its weak active galactic nucleus activity is likely driven by a black hole of mass

. We estimate that the former companion’s initial mass was less than half that of then NGC 7727, implying a minor merger. By now this former companion has been largely shredded, leaving behind Nucleus 2 as a freshly minted UCD that probably moves on a highly eccentric orbit.
Near-horizon Structure of Escape Zones of Electrically Charged Particles around Weakly Magnetized Rotating Black Hole
Authors: Kopáček Ondřej , Karas Vladimír 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
An interplay of magnetic fields and gravitation drives accretion and outflows near black holes. However, a specific mechanism is still a matter of debate; it is very likely that different processes dominate under various conditions. In particular, for the acceleration of particles and their collimation in jets, an ordered component of the magnetic field seems to be essential. Here we discuss the role of large-scale magnetic fields in transporting the charged particles and dust grains from the bound orbits in the equatorial plane of a rotating (Kerr) black hole and the resulting acceleration along trajectories escaping the system in a direction parallel to the symmetry axis (perpendicular to the accretion disk). We consider a specific scenario of destabilization of circular geodesics of initially neutral matter by charging (e.g., due to photoionization). Some particles may be set on escaping trajectories and attain relativistic velocity. The case of charged particles differs from charged dust grains by their charge-to-mass ratio, but the acceleration mechanism operates in a similar manner. It appears that the chaotic dynamics controls the outflow and supports the formation of near-horizon escape zones. We employ the technique of recurrence plots to characterize the onset of chaos in the outflowing medium. We investigate the system numerically and construct the basin-boundary plots, which show the location and the extent of the escape zones. The effects of black hole spin and magnetic field strength on the formation and location of escape zones are discussed, and the maximal escape velocity is computed.
Ultralight Axion Dark Matter and Its Impact on Dark Halo Structure in N-body Simulations
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Tsai Yue-Lin Sming , Kuo Jui-Lin , Cheung Kingman , Chu Ming-Chung 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Ultralight axion is a dark matter candidate with mass

and de Broglie wavelength of order kiloparsec. Such an axion, also called fuzzy dark matter (FDM), thermalizes via gravitational force and forms a Bose–Einstein condensate. Recent studies suggested that the quantum pressure from FDM can significantly affect structure formation in small scales, thus alleviating the so-called “small-scale crisis.” In this paper, we develop a new technique to discretize the quantum pressure and illustrate the interactions among FDM particles in an N-body simulation that accurately simulates the formation of the dark matter halo and its inner structure in the region outside the softening length. In a self-gravitationally bound virialized halo, we find a constant density solitonic core, which is consistent with theoretical prediction. The existence of the solitonic core reveals the nonlinear effect of quantum pressure and impacts structure formation in the FDM model.
Élever l’impuissance à l’impossible : l’acte de création du compositeur Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951)
Authors: Guillen Anne-Sophie , Askofaré Sidi 
Published: January 2018

L’acte de création d’Arnold Schoenberg permet de s’interroger sur son rapport au savoir. Plusieurs éléments laissent supposer qu’il y a eu pour le compositeur une mutation dans son rapport au savoir. Arnold Schoenberg a rigoureusement étudié les compositeurs du passé. S’il en retire un précieux enseignement, il repère très tôt un manque dans le savoir qui ne lui permet pas l’expression du réel de ses sentiments. Dès lors Schoenberg ne cessera de suivre ce qu’il nomme une nécessité intérieure jusqu’à s’inventer son propre style. Son génie lui permettra de transformer et de subvertir la musique des anciens, jusqu’à inventer une harmonisation nouvelle, la gamme dodécaphonique puis sa musique sérielle.
Le vide dans le miroir. À propos de la « Ruth Kjär » de Melanie Klein et de Karin Michaelis
Authors: Martin-Mattera Patrick 
Published: January 2018

Cet article présente tout d’abord une lecture et une version originale d’un texte de Karin Michaelis rendu célèbre par Melanie Klein sous le titre « L’espace vide », dans lequel Ruth Kjär, une femme souffrant de violents accès de vide en elle, se met, à l’âge de 34 ans, brusquement à la peinture et devient dans son pays, une artiste reconnue. Puis, après avoir synthétisé la biographie de cette artiste, retrouvée il y a peu, nous proposons un commentaire clinique permettant de saisir certains éléments de sa dynamique psychique avant et après le « déclenchement » de son art.
« Faut s’adapter aux cultures, Maître ! »
Authors: Bessière Céline , Biland Émilie , Bourguignon Abigail , Gollac Sibylle , Mille Muriel , Steinmetz Hélène 
Published: January 2018

Issu d’une enquête collective au sein de tribunaux de grande instance en France, l’article cherche à comprendre pourquoi le domaine de la famille est le terrain privilégié de l’expression d’un souci culturaliste de la part des professionnel‑le‑s du droit (juges, avocat‑e‑s et greffières) et quels sont les effets, dans la pratique, de ces processus de différenciation et de racialisation des publics sur le traitement des justiciables appartenant aux minorités ethno‑raciales. Dans un contexte de justice de masse, les catégories ethno‑raciales que les professionnel‑le‑s du droit mobilisent offrent un moyen rapide de catégoriser les affaires, en appréhendant des situations familiales perçues comme « complexes » dans une opposition binaire et évolutionniste (culture « traditionnelle » et « patriarcale » des minorités ethno‑raciales vs culture « moderne » et « émancipatrice » de la population majoritaire), durcissant par là des stéréotypes de genre et de classe.
Propositions participiales et types de discours
Authors: Havu Eva 
Published: January 2018

Même si les propositions participiales sont généralement présentées comme des tours propres au discours écrit plutôt formel (Blanche-Benveniste 1997), elles ne sont pas absentes dans l’oral vernaculaire. Pour mieux distinguer les emplois des participes au niveau du vernaculaire, nous examinerons les traits syntaxiques et sémantiques des propositions participiales dans un corpus de français vernaculaire et comparerons les résultats à ceux trouvés dans quatre autres types de texte, dont deux oraux et deux écrits. Les critères de médium (phonique/graphique) et de mode de conception (oral/scriptural) permettent de classer les corpus sur une échelle qui montre que le français vernaculaire ne se distingue pas catégoriquement des autres types d’oral ou des textes écrits. Aucun type de langue n’est homogène et, à l’intérieur de chaque corpus, se profilent des contextes plus favorables à l’emploi des propositions participiales.
La comparaison : analyses de aussi / si et de ne en français parlé et écrit actuel
Authors: Hadermann Pascale 
Published: January 2018

Cette étude vise à décrire le fonctionnement de trois marqueurs apparaissant dans des structures comparatives en français : aussi (que) , si (que) et ne dit « explétif ». Les deux premiers expriment respectivement l’égalité et l’intensité, mais ils tendent à se confondre dans certains de leurs emplois. De même, ne alterne avec le morphème ø dans des comparatives. Aussi est-il intéressant de vérifier quels sont les traits co(n)textuels qui facilitent ces glissements et alternances. Afin de mieux cerner le fonctionnement des marqueurs retenus, nous avons constitué un petit corpus de données orales que nous avons confrontées avec des données écrites. Cette double démarche nous permet de déceler les spécificités inhérentes à chaque code et de corroborer l’hypothèse de la tendance, pour la langue orale, à l’innovation d’une part et à l’économie de marquage explétif d’autre part.
La corrélation à l’oral
Authors: Roig Audrey 
Published: January 2018

Cette contribution entend revenir sur quelques aspects liés à l’oral dans les constructions corrélatives isomorphes. À partir d’un corpus d’exemples authentiques, nous tenterons d’apporter des réponses à une série de questions relatives (a) à la réalisation conjointe des segments, (b) aux marques, (c) à l’intonation dans les structures corrélatives isomorphes.