bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sensory trigeminal complex and the organization of its primary afferents in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Faunes Macarena , Wild J. Martin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOur knowledge of the avian sensory trigeminal system has been largely restricted to the principal trigeminal nucleus (PrV) and its ascending projections to the forebrain. Studies addressing the cytoarchitecture and organization of afferent input to the sensory trigeminal complex, which includes both the PrV and the nuclei of the descending trigeminal tract (nTTD), have only been performed in pigeons and ducks. Here we extend such an analysis to a songbird, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). We describe the cytoarchitecture of the sensory trigeminal complex, the patterns of calbindin‐like and substance P‐like immunoreactivity, and the organization of afferents from the three branches of the trigeminal nerve and from the lingual branch of the hypoglossal nerve. On the basis of cytoarchitecture and immunohistochemistry, the sensory trigeminal column can be subdivided from caudal to rostral, as in other species, into cervical dorsal horn, subnucleus caudalis, subnucleus interpolaris, subnucleus oralis, and nucleus principalis. The relative positions of the terminal fields of the three trigeminal branches move from medial to lateral in the dorsal horn to dorsomedial to ventrolateral in nTTD, whereas in PrV there is considerable overlap of mandibular and ophthalmic terminal fields, with only a small maxillary input ventrally. The hypoglossal afferents, which terminate medially in the dorsal horn and dorsolaterally in nTTD, terminate in specific cell groups in the dorsolateral nTTDo and in PrV. This work sets the grounds for further analyses of the ascending connections of the nTTD and the afferents from the syrinx to the trigeminal sensory column.
Brownmillerite‐type Ca2FeCoO5 as a Practicable Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalyst
Authors: Tsuji Etsushi , Motohashi Teruki , Noda Hiroyuki , Kowalski Damian , Aoki Yoshitaka , Tanida Hajime , Niikura Junji , Koyama Yukinori , Mori Masahiro , Arai Hajime , Ioroi Tsutomu , Fujiwara Naoko , Uchimoto Yoshiharu , Ogumi Zempachi , Habazaki Hiroki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHere, we report remarkable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic activity of brownmillerite (BM)‐type Ca2FeCoO5. The OER activity of this oxide is comparable to or beyond those of the state‐of‐the‐art perovskite (PV)‐catalyst Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (BSCF) and a precious‐metal catalyst RuO2, emphasizing the importance of the characteristic BM structure with multiple coordination environments of transition metal (TM) species. Also, Ca2FeCoO5 is clearly advantageous in terms of expense/laboriousness of the material synthesis. These facts make this oxide a promising OER catalyst used in many energy conversion technologies such as metal–air secondary batteries and hydrogen production from electrochemical/photocatalytic water splitting.
Metastasis of soft tissue sarcomas in lymph node: A cytomorphological study
Authors: Gandhi Jahnavi , Mehta Shailee , Patel Trupti , Gami Amisha , Shah Majal , Jetly Dhaval 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundSoft‐tissue sarcoma (STS) rarely metastasizes to lymph node compared to carcinoma. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) carries a pivotal role in diagnosis of metastatic tumor to lymph node. This study highlights the role of FNAC in diagnosis of STS metastasis to lymph node.MethodA retrospective study over a period by 4 years carried out. FNAC of enlarged lymph node was performed in patients with STS. Cytology smears were examined in conjunction with clinical details. Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) were correlated in synchronous cases.ResultsOut of 326 patients, 21 with STS had enlarged lymph nodes, of which 19 cases showed involvement (5.8%). Sixteen cases were metachronous and 3 cases showed synchronous involvement. Fifteen cases had regional lymph nodes while 4 cases had distal lymph node involvement. Head and neck and lower extremities were the most common primary sites of STS. Rhabdomyosarcoma was the most common sarcoma metastasing to the lymph nodes followed by synovial sarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and clear cell sarcoma. Other rare tumors included leiomyosarcoma, epitheloid sarcoma, liposarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral neuroectodermal tumor. We had a case of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance (DFSP) of scalp with cervical lymph node metastasis. Very unusual about this case was its rare primary site and the rarer lymph node metastasis.ConclusionFNAC plays an important role in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in cases of STS.
Learned control over spinal nociception in patients with chronic back pain
Authors: Krafft S. , Göhmann H.‐D. , Sommer J. , Straube A. , Ruscheweyh R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundDescending pain inhibition suppresses spinal nociception, reducing nociceptive input to the brain. It is modulated by cognitive and emotional processes. In subjects with chronic pain, it is impaired, possibly contributing to pain persistence. A previously developed feedback method trains subjects to activate their descending inhibition. Participants are trained to use cognitive‐emotional strategies to reduce their spinal nociception, as quantified by the nociceptive flexor reflex (RIII reflex), under visual feedback about their RIII reflex size. The aim of the present study was to test whether also subjects with chronic back pain can achieve a modulation of their descending pain inhibition under RIII feedback.MethodsIn total, 33 subjects with chronic back pain received either true (n = 18) or sham RIII feedback (n = 15), 15 healthy control subjects received true RIII feedback.ResultsAll three groups achieved significant RIII suppression, largest in controls (to 76 ± 26% of baseline), intermediate in chronic back pain subjects receiving true feedback (to 82 ± 13%) and smallest in chronic back pain subjects receiving sham feedback (to 89 ± 14%, all p < 0.05). However, only chronic pain subjects receiving true feedback significantly improved their descending inhibition over the feedback training, quantified by the conditioned pain modulation effect (test pain reduction of baseline before training: to 98 ± 26%, after: to 80 ± 21%, p < 0.01).ConclusionOur results show that subjects with chronic back pain can achieve a reduction of their spinal nociception and improve their descending pain inhibition under RIII feedback training.SignificanceSubjects with chronic back pain can learn to control their spinal nociception, quantified by the RIII reflex, when they receive feedback about the RIII reflex.
When criticism is ineffective: The case of historical trauma and unsupportive allies
Authors: Hirschberger Gilad , Lifshin Uri , Seeman Stephanie , Ein‐Dor Tsachi , Pyszczynski Tom 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThree studies examined the effect of historical trauma reminders and criticism from international allies on attitudes toward current conflicts. In Study 1, Israeli participants (N = 116) were primed with the Holocaust, and read either that the U.S. President Obama supports Israel's right to defend itself and attack Iran, or that he opposes such action. Then, support for preemptive violence was assessed. Study 2 (N = 133) replicated this design, comparing inclusive and exclusive framings of the Holocaust. Study 3 (N = 478), examined the effect of Holocaust reminders and criticism from the European Union on attitudes toward militant policies against Palestinians. All three studies found that Holocaust primes juxtaposed with international criticism increased support for aggression, especially under exclusive framings of the Holocaust. Study 3, however, found this effect only among left‐wing participants. These findings indicate that when historical trauma is salient, international criticism may be ineffective and may even backfire.
Group identity as a source of threat and means of compensation: Establishing personal control through group identification and ideology
Authors: Goode Chris , Keefer Lucas A. , Branscombe Nyla R. , Molina Ludwin E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCompensatory control theory proposes that individuals can assuage threatened personal control by endorsing external systems or agents that provide a sense that the world is meaningfully ordered. Recent research drawing on this perspective finds that one means by which individuals can compensate for a loss of control is adherence to ideological beliefs about the social world. This prior work, however, has largely neglected the role of social groups in defining either the nature of control threat or the means by which individuals compensate for these threats. In four experiments (N = 466), we test the possibility that group‐based threats to personal control can be effectively managed by defensively identifying with the threatened group and its values. We provide evidence for the specificity of these effects by demonstrating that defensive identification and ideology endorsement are specific to the content of the group‐based threat.
In or out? How the perceived morality (vs. competence) of prospective group members affects acceptance and rejection
Authors: van der Lee Romy , Ellemers Naomi , Scheepers Daan , Rutjens Bastiaan T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWhen is an individual likely to be accepted or rejected by a group? This research investigates responses towards prospective group members depending on how they compare to the group in terms of their perceived morality or competence. Because morality is of particular importance to groups, we hypothesized that the perceived morality of prospective group members has more impact on the group's tendency to accept versus reject them than their competence. Across three experiments, employing self‐report, psychophysiological and behavioural measures, results supported this hypothesis: Immoral (vs. incompetent) individuals were perceived as more different from the group and were more likely to be rejected. Additionally, the rejection of prospective group members with perceived inferior morality (but not those with inferior competence) was mediated by the group threat they imply. Inclusion success thus seems to be mainly contingent upon how a group evaluates the individual's morality relative to the group's standards.
The appraisal gap: Why victim and transgressor groups disagree on the need for a collective apology
Authors: Hornsey Matthew J. , Okimoto Tyler G. , Wenzel Michael 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAfter an intergroup transgression, victims often advocate for a collective apology that the transgressor group is reluctant to provide. We argue that this is partly caused by a discrepancy in the extent to which victim and perpetrator group members appraise transgressions through an intergroup lens. In three experiments, participants read about individuals assaulting members of a racial out‐group. Consistent with predictions, victim group members were more likely than transgressors and third parties to see the events as typical of the transgressor group, more likely to appraise the events as intergroup in nature, and through these processes were more desiring of a collective apology. Transgressors' reluctance to issue a collective apology was not a sign of harm minimization. Indeed, they were more likely than victims to seek an interpersonal apology and less forgiving of the individual transgressors. Cognitive and motivational mechanisms were proposed, although evidence for the latter was limited.
Wealth inequality and activism: Perceiving injustice galvanizes social change but perceptions depend on political ideologies
Authors: Hoyt Crystal L. , Moss Aaron J. , Burnette Jeni L. , Schieffelin Annette , Goethals Abigail 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWhat motivates people to engage in activism against wealth inequality? The simple answer is perceiving injustice. However, the current work demonstrates that these perceptions depend on political ideologies. More specifically, for political liberals who frequently question the fairness of the economic system, messages simply describing the extent of the inequality (distributive injustice) are enough to motivate activism (Study 1). For political conservatives, who are inclined to believe that inequality results from fair procedures, messages must also detail how the system of economic forces is unjust (procedural injustice; Studies 2 and 3). Together, these studies suggest perceiving injustice can galvanize social change, but for conservatives, this means more than simply outlining the extent of the inequality.
Observer judgments of identification accuracy are affected by non‐valid cues: A Brunswikian lens model analysis
Authors: Kaminski Kristina S. , Sporer Siegfried L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study investigated persuasive effects of behavior cues on observer judgments of eyewitness identification decisions. Forty‐eight positive identification statements (50% of which were objectively correct) were evaluated regarding witness likeability, trustworthiness, knowledge, and impression of confidence. Moreover, ratings of different speech style characteristics (e.g., hedges, hesitations, gestures, speech rate, and answer length) and of different person and event description qualities were collected. It was investigated (i) whether these cues were related to objective identification accuracy and (ii) whether observers used them to make their judgments and how they weighed them. Observers heavily relied on the impression of witness confidence and overestimated the discriminative value of several description qualities, although none of these cues was a valid indicator of identification accuracy. Effects of speech style characteristics depended on the presence of additional descriptions. Recommendations for the evaluation of identification decisions in criminal proceedings are discussed.
Putting identity into the community: Exploring the social dynamics of urban regeneration
Authors: Heath Stacey C. , Rabinovich Anna , Barreto Manuela 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe present paper adopts a social identity perspective to examine the relationship between community‐based identification and well‐being, resilience and willingness to pay back in the context of urban regeneration. A sample of 104 residents across five deprived urban areas in the southwest of England that have recently undergone or are about to undergo regeneration projects completed a survey. The results demonstrate that areas where a more community‐centred, bottom‐up, approach to regeneration was taken (i.e., ‘culture‐led’) showed higher levels of community cohesion than areas where the community dynamics were ignored (i.e., a ‘top‐down’ approach to regeneration). Increased community identification was linked to greater perceived social support, community‐esteem, personal self‐esteem and self‐efficacy. These psychological processes were, in turn, linked to increased resilience and well‐being, as well as a stronger willingness to pay back to the community. The results are consistent with the social identity approach. Implications for urban regeneration strategies are discussed.
Uncertainty and prejudice: The role of religiosity in shaping group attitudes
Authors: Sekerdej Maciej , Kossowska Małgorzata , Czernatowicz‐Kukuczka Aneta 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPast research indicates that being religious is frequently motivated by the need to avoid uncertainty and associated with prejudice against value‐violating groups. The present research clarifies these previous findings and shows for the first time a causal link between a sense of uncertainty and group attitudes through religiosity and the perception of the target group's mindset. Study 1 demonstrates that belief in God is associated with uncertainty avoidance and increases prejudice against value‐violating groups, but simultaneously increases positive attitudes towards value‐consistent groups. Study 2 demonstrates experimentally that a sense of uncertainty shapes intergroup attitudes when the relationship is mediated through the belief in God and the perception that a target group actually violated perceivers' values. The results corroborate and broaden previous findings on religiosity, ambiguity avoidance, and prejudice and, for the first time, show a causal link between a sense of uncertainty and attitudes towards value‐violating and value‐consistent groups.
When intergroup apology is not enough: Seeking help and reactions to receiving help among members of low status groups
Authors: Halabi Samer , Dovidio John F. , Nadler Arie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRelations between groups are characterized by competition and suspicion. As a consequence, members of low status groups may question the meaning of apologies offered by a high status group, especially under unstable status relations. In two experiments, the present research investigated the role of the intergroup versus interpersonal apology and the potential moderating effect of the stability of intergroup relations on low status group members' (a) help seeking (Study 1) and (b) responses to receiving help (Study 2) from a high status group. Consistent with our hypotheses, when status relations were unstable rather than stable, following a formal intergroup relative to an interpersonal apology by an Israeli official, Israeli‐Arab students sought less dependency‐oriented and more autonomy‐oriented help from an Israeli‐Jewish study coordinator (Study 1) and Jewish‐Ethiopian newcomers reacted more negatively when they read about an Ethiopian‐Jewish student receiving unsolicited dependency‐oriented help from an Israeli‐Jewish college student (Study 2). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
University socialization and the acceptance of anti‐egalitarian ideology: The underlying role of extrinsic life goals
Authors: Muheljic Aida , Drace Sasa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPast research suggests that students in social science often become more egalitarian while students in business and economics show a trend in the opposite direction. Using a cross‐sectional study in which we compared first and third year students from different academic environments, we wanted to explore these issues and to test whether life goals may account for potential ideological differences among them. Psychology and economics students at first and third year of their respective academic group completed both the Aspiration index and social dominance orientation scale. Consistent with the socialization hypothesis, economics students reported higher levels of social dominance orientation than psychology students but only at the third year of study. A similar pattern of results was observed for extrinsic life goals (but no differences were found for intrinsic life goals). Importantly, the interaction between academic year and academic major on social dominance orientation was mediated by the measure of extrinsic life goals.
Fighting ageism through nostalgia
Authors: Turner Rhiannon N. , Wildschut Tim , Sedikides Constantine 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTwo experiments tested whether nostalgia is a resource for fighting ageism. In Experiment 1, younger adults who recalled a nostalgic (vs. ordinary) encounter with an older adult showed a more positive attitude towards older adults, mediated by greater inclusion of older adults in the self (IOGS). In Experiment 2, these findings were replicated and extended with a subtle nostalgia manipulation. Younger adults identified an older, familiar adult, before writing about an encounter with this person that was characterized by either central (e.g., keepsakes and childhood) or peripheral (e.g., wishing and daydreaming) features of the construct of nostalgia (i.e., prototype). Participants who recalled a central (vs. peripheral) nostalgic encounter reported greater social connectedness, which predicted increased IOGS. In turn, increased IOGS was associated with a lower desire to avoid older adults. Several alternative explanations for the intergroup benefits of nostalgia were ruled out. The research established that nostalgia qualifies as a resource for combatting ageism.
Dancing is belonging! How social networks mediate the effect of a dance intervention on students' sense of belonging to their classroom
Authors: Kreutzmann Madeleine , Zander Lysann , Webster Gregory D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWhat does it take to feel you belong? Using a sample of 606 students in 30 classrooms, with 15 classrooms participating in a school‐based dance intervention, we examined intrapsychic and extrapsychic sources of social belonging using social network analysis. Whereas outdegree (the number of outgoing liking nominations to classmates) served as a proxy variable for students' active acceptance of others, indegree (the number of ingoing liking nominations from other peers) served as a proxy variable for the passive acceptance by others. Both measures should account for changes in students' sense of belonging to their classroom. Multilevel longitudinal mediation analyses supported our predictions—increased belonging related to increasing acceptance by others and of others, which were experienced by students participating in the dance intervention for a year (vs. a non‐treated control group). We discuss our findings within the current debate on the use of distal variables to explain intrapsychic constructs.
Simultaneous Determination of Epinephrine and Dopamine by Using Candida tropicalis Yeast Cells Immobilized in a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Single Wall Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Akyilmaz Erol , Canbay Erhan , Dinçkaya Erhan , Güvenç Cansu , Yaşa İhsan , Bayram Ezgi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA new electrochemical microbial biosensor system based on Candida tropicalis was developed for the fast detecting of dopamine and epinephrine. Candida tropicalis was immobilized in a carbon paste electrode (CPE) with single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT). Immobilized cells were used as a origin of the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) to develop voltammetric epinephrine and dopamine biosensor. Voltammetric determination of phenolic compounds such as epinephrine and dopamine a simple technique which is available. Direct oxidation of phenols can be used, but the oxidation potentials of this compounds are similar and they can not be detected distinctively. Another possibility is the use of biosensors based on the polyphenol oxidase (tyrosinase) enzyme that oxidizes the phenolic compounds into their related quinones. By this way, phenolic compounds are epinephrine and dopamine which were used in this study as well detected at different potentials. In this study differential pulse voltammetry and amperometry techniques were used for the determination of dopamine and epinephrine. The effect of varying the amounts of SWCNT and the response of microorganism to epinephrine was investigated to find the optimum composition of the sensor. The effects of pH and temperature were also examined. Increases in biosensor responses obtained by amperometric measurements were linearly related to dopamine concentrations between 0.025 and 0.25 mM and epinephrine concentrations between 0.01 and 0.1 mM. Limits of detection of the biosensor for dopamine and epinephrine were calculated to be 0.008 and 0.0023 mM, respectively. Finally, proposed system was applied to epinephrine and dopamine analysis in pharmaceutical drugs and synthetic serum and the results were compared with LC MS MS method.