bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xitudingzi Volcano, a Trachytic Monogenetic Volcano in the Changbaishan Volcanic Field, China: Petrogenesis, Magma Plumbing System and Implications for Non-basaltic Monogenetic Volcanism
Authors: Guo Jiannan , Shan Xuanlong , Yi Jian , Wu Chengzhi , Liu Pengcheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Changbaishan volcanic field is the largest Quaternary volcanic field in China and includes the most dangerous polygenetic volcano, Tianchi volcano. In addition to the Tianchi volcano, the Changbaishan volcanic field contains two other polygenetic volcanoes (Wangtian'e volcano and Namphothe volcano) and at least 150 monogenetic volcanoes. The compositions of these monogenetic volcanoes range from basalt to rhyolite. Basaltic monogenetic volcanoes are the most abundant and spread throughout the volcanic field, whereas intermediate to evolved monogenetic volcanoes are found only within the Touxi subfield. We know very little about these non-basaltic monogenetic volcanoes, especially the magmatic petrogenesis, volcanological origins and structure of the magma plumbing system beneath them. Therefore, in this study, the Xitudingzi volcano within the Touxi subfield is used as an example to study the petrogenesis of silicic magma and explore the structure of the magma system by combining new 40Ar/39Ar dating, whole-rock geochemistry, Sr–Nd isotopes and mineral chemistry. The 40Ar/39Ar chronology results showed that the Xitudingzi volcano erupted at 1.17 Ma; this volcano is younger than the other monogenetic volcanoes in the Touxi subfield. The geochemical results indicated that the eruption products of the Xitudingzi volcano are trachytic and formed from the assimilation fractional crystallization (AFC) process of an alkaline basaltic parental magma. The results from the Rhyolite-MELTS and thermobarometry indicated that the magma plumbing system of the Xitudingzi volcano contained two magma chambers at depths of 8 and 19 km, respectively. The trachytic magma of Xitudingzi was produced by the AFC process from the alkaline basaltic magmas in the deep magma chamber and then transported to the shallow magma chamber. Furthermore, differences in the trace element concentrations between the different units of the Xitudingzi volcano indicated that the shallow pre-eruptive magma chamber was compositionally zoned. Based on the results from our study, the upper crustal magma plumbing system of the Xitutingzi volcano existed independently of the magma plumbing system of the cone-construction stage of the Tianchi volcano, even though the two volcanoes had similar ages of activity, as well as the same chemical composition of eruptive products. Based on these results and other existing studies, a relatively thick crust and the developed faults are likely the key factors for the formation of intermediate to evolved monogenetic volcanos in the Touxi volcanic field.
Complementary roles of eDNA metabarcoding and microscopy in plankton monitoring across seven habitats
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Wei Qianqian , Niu Yanning , Jiang Xiaodong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Plankton biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems is currently investigated by labor-intensive and time-consuming microscope identification. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is emerging as a highly effective and objective tool for assessing biodiversity. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of eDNA metabarcoding with conventional microscope identification for monitoring plankton biodiversity in seven habitats. The eDNA metabarcoding identified a rich diversity of 190 families, 410 genera and 871 species within the planktonic community across seven habitats. In contrast, traditional microscope identification only identified 51 families, 75 genera and 96 species. In addition, primer choice influenced the detected plankton community diversity, with the V4 primers performing poorly for detecting Cladocera and Euglenophyta taxa and the V9 primers revealing more eukaryotic plankton species. Despite primer-specific differences in species detection, there was substantial overlap between the species detected by eDNA metabarcoding strategies and microscope identification. These results suggest that eDNA metabarcoding can be used as a complementary method alongside microscope identification rather than replacing them entirely.
Assessment of imposter syndrome among postgraduate residents using Clance imposter phenomenon scale: a multicentric, cross-sectional study
Authors: Amir Nehal , Eeman Nabiha , Ahmed Muhammad Nouman , Nazakat Ayesha , Azhar Irteeqa , Azhar Maimoona , Mumtaz Hassan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Imposter syndrome develops when high-achieving individuals, despite external measurements of achievement, have a chronic sense of self-doubt paired with a fear of being exposed as a hoax. This endangers one’s mental health and well-being. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and severity of imposter syndrome among postgraduate residents and to identify the risk factors associated with imposter syndrome.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study conducted among the postgraduate trainees working in four different training hospitals in Pakistan. Imposter syndrome was assessed using the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale.

Results
A total of 146 postgraduate residents participated in this study. The majority had significant imposter syndrome, with females more suffered than males. Trainees of the pediatrics department were affected the most while of the dentistry were least to be affected. Multiple factors including marital status, number of children, working hours, extracurricular activities, and private practice have been shown to affect the prevalence of imposter syndrome.

Conclusion
Imposter syndrome is a prevalent phenomenon among the residents of Pakistan. Efforts to identify and establish a proper relationship between general demographics and imposter syndrome are required for the healthy work experience of the trainees.
Redo coronary artery bypass grafting: when and how
Authors: Yang Benjamin , Koprivanac Marijan , Bakaeen Faisal G. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
Redo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains technically challenging with significant procedural risk but may be the best option for patients in whom repeat revascularization is indicated. This review summarizes the latest data regarding risk of redo CABG, who should receive this surgery, and how to achieve best outcomes.

Recent findings
Over the past two decades, the risk of performing redo CABG has declined and is approaching that of primary CABG in the hands of experienced surgeons. Nonetheless, patients for whom redo CABG is indicated tend to be older and have more complex medical comorbidities. Preoperative imaging is paramount in guiding sternal re-entry and mediastinal dissection, and in how to best employ rescue strategies when needed.

Summary
Patients with complex, progressive coronary disease with unprotected left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery disease and prior coronary bypass may benefit from the durable, complete revascularization that redo CABG can offer with internal thoracic artery bypass to the LAD and, when possible, arterial inflow to other important coronary targets. Preoperative imaging, careful planning, meticulous surgical technique, myocardial protection, and an experienced surgical team are critical for optimal outcomes.
Joker Sign After Drooling Radioactive Saliva
Authors: Kim MinJeong , Han Yeon-Hee , Jeong Hwan-Jeong , Jeong Jae Seok , Lim Seok Tae 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A 28-year-old man underwent high-dose radioactive iodine therapy after total thyroidectomy due to papillary thyroid carcinomas. After 2 weeks, a linear reddish line was observed extending from the right corner of the mouth to the cheek, resembling the appearance of the Joker. Through a detailed interview, it was determined that the patient had developed radiation dermatitis because of radioactive saliva drooling while sleeping on one side. Although this is expected to be infrequent, educating patients on avoiding saliva contact with the skin during and after radioactive iodine therapy is crucial due to the potential skin damage and cancer risk.
Intratracheal Ectopic Thyroid Tissue Mimicking a Subglottic Mass in a Patient With Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma on SPECT/CT
Authors: Aydinbelge Dizdar Nur , Cinar Alev , Ozmen Ozlem , Senlik Semra Demirtas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Intratracheal ectopic thyroid tissue is an extremely rare condition with limited cases reported in the literature. It can be asymptomatic or present with symptoms such as dysphagia, bleeding, dysphonia, dyspnea, and a sensation of a foreign body in the throat, depending on its localization. Due to its various clinical presentations, it poses a diagnostic dilemma. Herein, we aimed to present the contribution of thyroid scintigraphy and SPECT/CT to the diagnosis and management of a case with follicular carcinoma in the orthotopic thyroid gland as well as an ectopic intratracheal thyroid causing cough and airway obstruction mimicking a subglottic mass.
Modified Intravascular Stent for Microvascular Suture in a Rat Superficial Femoral Artery
Authors: Maeda Kosuke , Suzuki Taku , Masugi Yohei , Tsuji Osahiko , Iwamoto Takuji , Nakamura Masaya 
Published: October 2024

Background
Intravascular stent (IVaS) is sometimes used for suturing small vessels, but removing the stent after suturing is difficult. To overcome this problem, we developed an IVaS that integrates a stent and a manipulating string. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of the modified IVaS (M-IVaS) by comparing it with conventional sutures (CS) and conventional IVaS (C-IVaS).

Methods
Forty-five superficial femoral arteries from rats were resected and sutured. The rats were randomly divided into the following 3 groups: CS, M-IVaS, and C-IVaS, with 15 rats per group. Patency rate, operating time, and ultrasonographic blood flow dynamics were examined immediately after suturing. Patency tests, ultrasonographic evaluations, and histological investigations were performed 1 week (n = 5), 2 weeks (n = 5), and 6 weeks (n = 5) after surgery.

Results
The 3 groups showed vessel patency in all cases immediately after suturing and at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks after surgery. The mean operative time was 22.6 minutes for the CS group, 21.5 minutes for the M-IVaS group, and 25.9 minutes for the C-IVaS group. There were no significant differences in peak flow velocity and stenosis rate among the 3 groups as evaluated by ultrasonography. Histopathological evaluation revealed a similar recovery process of endothelial cells and no damage to the vascular wall.

Conclusion
The surgical time using M-IVaS was significantly shorter compared to that using C-IVaS. The M-IVaS reduced the inconvenience of C-IVaS removal. M-IVaS showed the same effectiveness as did the CS in terms of patency rate, operating time, ultrasonographic blood flow dynamics, and histological evaluation. M-IVaS can be used in the field of microsurgery.
Predicting the Impact of Dialyzer Choice and Binder Dialysate Flow Rate on Bilirubin Removal
Authors: Novokhodko Alexander , Du Nanye , Hao Shaohang , Wang Ziyuan , Shu Zhiquan , Ahmad Suhail , Gao Dayong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLiver failure is the 12thleading cause of death worldwide. Protein bound toxins such as bilirubin are responsible for many complications of the disease. Binder dialysis systems use albumin dialysate and detoxifying sorbent columns to remove these toxins. Systems like the Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS) and BioLogic-DT have existed since the 1990s, but survival benefit in randomized controlled trials have not been consistent. Thus, a new generation of binder dialysis systems, including Open Albumin Dialysis (OPAL) and the Advanced Multi-Organ Replacement System (AMOR) are being developed. Optimal conditions for binder dialysis have not been established. We developed and validated a computational model of bound solute dialysis using established thermodynamic theories. Our objective is to improve AMOR therapy. We confirmed our model’s validity by predicting the impact of changing between two benchtop dialysis setups using different polysulfone dialyzers (F3 and F6HPS). We then applied it to predict the impact of varying dialysate flow rate on toxin removal. We found that bilirubin removal is independent of dialysate flow rate within the clinically relevant range (20 mL/min – 800 mL/min), matching our model’s predictions. At very low dialysate flow rates (2 mL/min), bilirubin removal declines, deviating from the thermodynamic model. This model may be useful to achieving optimal clinical outcomes by setting optimal dialyzer and flow rate conditions. Further improvement is possible by accounting for toxin adsorption onto the dialyzer membrane.
Effect of Futsal-Based Game Training on Performance, Self-Efficacy, Motivation, and Exercise Addiction in Adolescent Non-Athlete Girls
Authors: Beik Sahar , Dehghanizadeh Jalal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study examined the effects of futsal-based game training on performance, self-efficacy, motivation, and exercise addiction in adolescent non-athlete girls. Thirty female students with no prior futsal experience were randomly assigned to either a traditional training group (n=15) or a game-based training group (n=15). Performance was assessed using a futsal skills test, while self-efficacy, sports motivation, and exercise addiction were measured via questionnaires. Both groups underwent separate 12-week training protocols. Analysis of covariance revealed significant differences between the game-based and traditional training groups in performance (P=0.0001), self-efficacy (P=0.0001), and sports motivation (P=0.0001). However, no significant difference was observed in exercise addiction between the two groups (P=0.531). These findings suggest that game-based training has a substantial impact on performance, self-efficacy, and motivation in adolescent non-athlete girls and may serve as an effective training strategy. The type of training method, whether game-based or traditional, does not appear to be a determining factor in the development or prevention of exercise addiction tendencies.
The Impact of Pulmonary Fibrosis on Sex and Sexual Function – A Multinational Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Avitzur Na’ama , Knaub Madelyn , Thornton-Wood Francesca , Johnson Simon R. , Ryerson Christopher J. , Jenkins R. Gísli , Stewart Iain , Johannson Kerri A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundSex is an important part of life for many adults, yet sexual function may be impacted by chronic respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis (PF). This multinational study sought to characterize the impact of PF on sex and sexual function, using mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology.MethodsPatients were retrospectively included from a prospective registry and prospective clinical cohort if they had completed UCSD-SOBQ or SPARC questionnaire, respectively. An online multi-lingual survey used the Changes in Sexual Function Questionnaire (CSFQ) to assess sexual dysfunction, and qualitative evaluation of individual patient interviews was conducted using thematic analysis.ResultsDyspnea with sexual activity affected 2,054/2,759 (74%) of registry patients, associated with male sex, lower FVC%, lower DLCO%, and worse cough. Distress due to the effect of PF on their sex life was reported in 52/225 (23%) of the clinical cohort, associated with younger age, male sex, lower DLCO%, and worse cough. Sexual dysfunction was common, affecting 56/67 (83%) of female and 63/73 (86%) male survey respondents. Qualitative analysis of patient interviews identified several themes including sex life limitations, changes in inter-personal relationships, quality of life, and emotions. All patients wanted to discuss sex with trusted healthcare providers.ConclusionIn this multinational study, patients with PF reported engaging in sex and sexual activities but were adversely impacted by the effect of PF on sex life, with both physical and psychological limitations. Sexual dysfunction was common, driven by multiple disease domains. Sexual health appears to be an important component of comprehensive patient care.FundingThe Canadian Registry for Pulmonary Fibrosis is sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim, but had no input on any aspect of this study.
A new stegosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Upper Jurassic Qigu Formation of Xinjiang, China and a revision on Chinese stegosaurs phylogeny
Authors: Ning Li , Guozhong Chen , Mateus Octávio , Tao Jiang , Yan Xie , Daqing Li , Hailu You , Guangzhao Peng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTStegosaurs are a small but iconic clade of ornithischian dinosaurs. They and their sister taxa, the ankylosaurs, formed the clade Eurypoda which means ‘broad-footed’. Here, we describe a stegosaur from the Upper Jurassic Qigu Formation of Xinjiang, China, based on an associated partial skeleton that includes axial, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, limb and armor elements. It can be diagnosed as a new taxon,Angustungui, based on numerous autapomorphies. Some morphologies ofAngustunguiare more similar to the taxa from Europe, Africa and North America than to those from Asia. Our phylogenetic analysis recovers it as the sister taxon ofLoricatosaurus. More importantly, the narrow and claw-shaped ungual ofAngustunguiproves that Eurypoda, at least stegosaur, has claw-shaped unguals. Besides, we revised the character scores for Chinese stegosaurs based on observations of the specimens.
Female Sex Worker Preferences for HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Delivery in Uganda: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Mpirirwe Ruth , Makabayi‑Mugabe Rita , Muteebwa Laban , Kamacooko Onesmus , Wamono Felix , Kajumba Mayanja M. , Nangendo Joan , Semitala Fred C. , Kyambadde Peter , Davis Katumba James , Kalyango Joan , Karamagi Charles , Kiragga Agnes , Armstrong-Hough Mari , Moor Sarah EG , Katahoire Anne R. , Kamya Moses R , Mujugira Andrew 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCisgender female sex workers (FSWs) in sub-Saharan Africa have a high risk of HIV acquisition, highlighting the need for innovative approaches to expand coverage of evidence-based HIV prevention methods, including oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Our study aimed to identify FSWs’ preferences for a PrEP delivery model with structured choices for delivery location, services offered, and adherence support.MethodsWe conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) among FSWs ≥18 years recruited from the Most At-Risk Population Initiative (MARPI) clinic in Kampala, Uganda, between October and November 2023. FSWs were recruited using consecutive sampling. To determine the most effective PrEP delivery method for FSWs, we created eight choice sets, each with three alternative combinations of PrEP service attributes and an opt-out using a D-efficient experimental design. Participants were presented with three alternatives, the fourth being an opt-out (no model selected), and asked to make selections based on four distinct attributes: the PrEP provider, place of delivery, delivery channel, and support services. We assessed FSW preferences and attribute trade-offs using a panel data mixed model and identified the preferred PrEP delivery model using the highest median utility score.ResultsOverall, 203 participants completed the DCE. The median age was 24 years (interquartile range [IQR] 20-32). Most FSWs preferred receiving PrEP from a healthcare worker at the clinic with short message service (SMS) reminders for adherence support (median utility score 0.87; interquartile range [IQR] 0.82, 0.94). This preference remained consistent across all age groups, with a median utility score of 0.88 for ages 15-19, 0.87 for ages 20-24, and 0.85 for ages ≥25.ConclusionFSWs preferred to receive PrEP care directly from providers at healthcare facilities and highlighted the need for additional support in the form of SMS reminders to improve adherence and prevent HIV acquisition. This preferred model, if implemented, could increase prevention coverage and inform future approaches to delivering PrEP through the Uganda National PrEP Program.
Cxcl10 is required for survival during SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice
Authors: Majumdar Shamik , Weaver Joseph D. , Pontejo Sergio M. , Minai Mahnaz , Lu Xinping , Gao Ji-Liang , Holmes Gibran , Johnson Reed , Zhang Hongwei , Kelsall Brian L. , Farber Joshua M. , Alves Derron A. , Murphy Philip M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, remains endemic worldwide ∼5 years since the first documented case. Severe COVID-19 is widely considered to be caused by a dysregulated immune response to SARS-CoV-2 within the respiratory tract. Circulating levels of the chemokine CXCL10 are strongly positively associated with poor outcome; however, its precise role in pathogenesis and its suitability as a therapeutic target have remained undefined. Here, we challenged 4-6 month old C57BL/6 mice genetically deficient inCxcl10with a mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV-2. Infected male, but not female,Cxcl10-/-mice displayed increased mortality compared to wild type controls. Histopathological damage, inflammatory gene induction and virus load in the lungs of male mice 4 days post infection and before death were not broadly influenced by Cxcl10 deficiency. However, accumulation of B cells and both CD4+and CD8+T cells in the lung parenchyma of infected mice was reduced in the absence of Cxcl10. Thus, during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, Cxcl10 regulates lymphocyte infiltration in the lung and confers protection against mortality. Our preclinical model results do not support targeting CXCL10 therapeutically in severe COVID-19.
Identification and characterization of tertiary lymphoid structures in brain metastases
Authors: Mughal Sadaf S. , Reiss Yvonne , Felsberg Jörg , Meyer Lasse , Macas Jadranka , Schlue Silja , Starzetz Tatjana , Köhrer Karl , Fehm Tanja , Müller Volkmar , Lamszus Katrin , Schadendorf Dirk , Helfrich Iris , Wikman Harriet , Berghoff Anna , Brors Benedikt , Plate Karl H. , Reifenberger Guido 
Published: October 2024

SummaryBrain metastases (BrM) are the most common cancers in the brain. We performed transcriptome-wide gene expression profiling combined with spatial immune cell profiling to characterize the tumor immune microenvironment in BrM from different primary tumors. We found that BrM from lung carcinoma and malignant melanoma showed overall higher immune cell infiltration as compared to BrM from breast carcinoma. RNA sequencing-based immune cell deconvolution revealed gene expression signatures indicative of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in subsets of BrM, mostly from lung cancer and melanoma. This finding was corroborated by multiplex immunofluorescence staining of immune cells in BrM tissue sections. Detection of TLS signatures was more common in treatment-naïve BrM and associated with prolonged survival after BrM diagnosis in lung cancer patients. Our findings highlight the cellular diversity of the tumor immune microenvironment in BrM of different cancer types and suggest a role of TLS formation for BrM patient outcome.