bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Sachen Glück. Ein genetisch-phänomenologischer Ansatz / Concerning Happiness. Reflexions from the Genetic Phenomenological Point of View
Authors: Brudzińska Jagna 
Published: December 2017

Summary
Modern empirical research considers happiness to be identical with a subjective feeling of pleasure. This refers to both assessments of actual satisfactions of need and representations of possible satisfactions of need. Thereby, the aspects of cognitive representations of happiness are mainly focused, while the performing subject remains disregarded. The phenomenological approach tries to counteract such a situation. Phenomenology allows us to differentiate ‘striving towards happiness’ and the ‘experienced happiness’ as different polarities of this phenomenon. Based on this three aspects can be distinguished: (1) the present experience of happiness as an experience of satisfying actual urgent needs; (2) the temporally enduring form of (self-)satisfaction in the individual life; (3) the ethical form of happiness as felicity (Glückseligkeit) implying the teleological determination of human existence realized through socialization. In this paper, these aspects are considered phenomenological through intentional genetic analysis and taking into account some psychoanalytic results. This article aims at showing that happiness, particularly in the ethical form of felicity, cannot be considered as merely an individual issue, but is rather closely related to the sociality of human experience and to the intersubjective constitution of our shared reality.
Is Hatred a Major Factor Determining the Contemporary Social Imaginary? / Ist der Hass ein bestimmender Faktor des gegenwärtigen sozialen Imaginären?
Authors: Leder Andrzej 
Published: December 2017

Summary
In my paper, I analyze hate as one of the important factors that influence and structuralize the symbolic sphere. In the first step, I define the notion of “symbolic sphere”. Then, I analyze hate from the phenomenological and psychoanalytical points of view. My next step is a historical digression, concerning the place of hate in the social order. Next, I describe some important phenomena of the contemporary societies conditioned by the influence of hatred. Finally, I investigate which notions of the social theory are adequate to describe this kind of phenomena. Hate has been most frequently apprehended as a sudden eruption of bare violence. It was supposed to transform the symbolic sphere through sharp, directly aggressive, and often unexpected actions. Nevertheless, in societies wherein the symbolic legitimization of the political and social order was established as the consequence of the Second World War, a deep change in the attitude toward the bare and direct expression of violence took place. Acts of hate in the public sphere became morally delegitimized and symbolically repressed. We should ask then: if the bare violence and the hate determining this violence disappeared from the sphere of social praxis, although they still shape the social imaginary, how are they really founded? Thus, to answer these questions, I will have to ask not about the direct impact of hatred, but about its hidden influence.
Selenium Deficiency as a Risk Factor for Development of Anemia
Authors: Petkova-Marinova Tsvetelina V. , Ruseva Boryana K. , Atanasova Bisera D. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryAnemia is an important public health problem worldwide. Although iron (Fe) deficiency is considered the main factor in the pathogenesis of anemia, only 40-60% of anemia cases are responsive to Fe supplementation. Considerable data exist that other micronutrient deficiencies, such as selenium (Se), could be possible causes of anemia. The issue of Se deficiency as a risk factor for the development of anemia is of particular interest to our country since the Balkan region is known by a low Se content of soils. The aim of the study was to examine the contemporary conception of the influence of Se deficiency on the development of anemia by a review of the scientific literature. Most animal studies have shown a significant relation between Se deficiency and anemia, but one study indicates that there is no impact of Se deficiency on the hematological parameters. Associations of low serum Se with anemia have been found in a number of human studies including subjects of various age groups and pathological conditions. Three possible biological mechanisms have been suggested for the involvement of Se deficiency in the development of anemia: increased oxidative stress, modulation of inflammation through induction of interleukin-6, and increased expression of heme oxygenase-1. A more categorical clarification of the relationships between Se deficiency and development of anemia is needed with respect to appropriate trace element supplementation in cases of anemia with insufficient or absent therapeutic response to Fe treatment.
Cognitive P300 Potential in Retired Sportsmen with a Career in Contact Sports
Authors: Valkov Iliya. V. , Dimkova Rositza D. 
Published: December 2017

Summary
Eleven retired sportsmen, who had a career in contact sports (three boxers, four footballers, four wrestlers) and one cyclist with a history of several falls from a bicycle and had been diagnosed with a cerebrovascular trauma, were investigated with auditory cognitive P300. The age range was aged between 26 and 63 years. Ten out of the twelve presented cognitive wave latency between 512 msec and 928 msec. This finding made us conclude that repetitive minor head injuries (mHI) that they inevitably had experienced during their carrier has led to cognitive problems in older age.
Changes of Serum Concentrations of Alkaline Phosphatase and Metalloproteinase-9 in an Ovariectomized Wistar Rat Model of Osteoporosis
Authors: Grigoryan Armine V. , Dimitrova Aneliya A. , Kostov Krasimir G. , Russeva Adelaida L. , Atanasova Milena A. , Blagev Alexander B. , Betova Tatyana M. , Trifonov Radoslav G. 
Published: December 2017

Summary
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass, destruction of the microarchitectonics of bone structure and a high risk for fracture. One of the criteria for altered bone homeostasis includes the changes in serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The purpose of this study was to determine the serum concentrations of calcium (Ca2+), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg2+), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and MMP-9 in ovariectomized rats. We used 35 female Wistar rats at reproductive age (2 months) divided into 2 groups: a control group (G1-SHAM) – 20 animals subjected to “false” ovariectomy and placebo-operation, and an ovariectomized group (G2-OVX) – 15 animals subjected to bilateral ovariectomy. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta for testing levels of Ca2 +, P, Mg2+, ALP and MMP-9. No statistically significant differences in serum concentrations of Ca2+, P and Mg2+ were found between G2 and G1 (p>0.05). The values of ALP and MMP-9 in rats of G2 were statistically significantly increased, as compared to G1 (p<0.05). The serum activity of ALP, which is a marker for bone formation, was increased in OVX-induced osteoporosis. Elevated serum MMP-9 levels in G2 confirmed the hypothesis that it is a marker for osteoclast activity.
Reaction of Sera from Infertile Female Patients with Fractionated Phylogenetically Conserved Ovarian Antigens Measured by Elisa: A Pilot Study
Authors: Delimitreva Stefka M. , Zhivkova Ralitsa S. , Chakarova Irina V. , Hadzhinesheva Valentina P. , Lazarov Vladislav V. , Dimitrova-Dikanarova Dimitrina K. 
Published: December 2017

Summary
The reaction of anti-sperm antibody-positive sera from infertile women with fractionated mouse ovarian antigens was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antigens were obtained by extraction for nuclear matrix and intermediate filaments (NM-IF) producing three protein fractions – soluble, cytoskeletal and NM-IF. The results showed that sera from some infertile patients, but not control sera, react with either the soluble fraction or the NM-IF fraction. The reaction with soluble proteins was most likely directed against surface antigens, possibly aggravating the fertility problems, while the anti-NM-IF antibodies could indicate release of insoluble intracellular components by tissue damage of unknown origin.
Preoperative Evaluation of Sexual Function in Patients Undergoing Bilateral Nerve-Sparing Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy
Authors: Stoykov Boyan A. , Kolev Nikolay H. , Kotsev Rumen P. , Al-Shargabi Fahd , Genov Pencho P. , Vanov Aleksandar , Atanasov Jitian A. , Sachdeva Manish , Tonchev Pencho T. , Koleva Maria I. 
Published: December 2017

Summary
During the last few years, prostate cancer is more frequently diagnosed in young patients. This lays emphasis on the necessity to preoperatively evaluate the sexual function in patients undergoing bilateral nerve sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy (BNSRRP). The aim of our study was to make an objective evaluation of the basic sexual function in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and candidates for BNSRRP, using internationally validated questionnaires. We also tried to find a correlation between these questionnaires and the individual assessment of candidates, on one hand, and between comorbidities of the patients and degree of erectile dysfunction (ED), on the other hand. From January 2014 to March 2017, at the urology clinic of University Hospital – Pleven, 64 patients opted BNSRRP and reported to have preserved erectile function (EF), wishing to maintain this function after surgery. The patients’ histories and comorbidities were recorded on the day of hospitalization. The subjective assessment of the patients’ potency was compared with International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). According to the EF domain of the IIEF, baseline EF was assessed in 28 patients. Twelve patients had mild ED, 9 patients had mild to moderate ED, seven patients had moderate, and eight had severe ED. The results showed that a significant number of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer who were candidates for BNSRRP reported to be fully potent but actually had impaired EF preoperatively. There was also a pronounced correlation between concomitant diseases and EF.
Incisional Endometriosis: Four Clinical Cases
Authors: Totev Tihomir P. , Gorchev Grigor A. , Tomov Slavcho T. , Filipova Ina D. , Hinkova Nadezhda H. 
Published: December 2017

Summary
The presence of functioning endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity is defined as endometriosis. Its incidence is approximately 10-15% of women of fertile age. Incisional endometriosis following obstetric or gynecologic surgery is reported in 0.03-1.08% of women. Most of the cases reported in the literature are related to caesarean section and have required a differential diagnosis with a hernia, abscess, granuloma or lipoma. The diagnosis is based on histological findings. We describe incisional endometriosis in four patients operated on at St. Marina Hospital – Pleven for one year.
Towards a continuous inland excess water flood monitoring system based on remote sensing data
Authors: van Leeuwen Boudewijn , Tobak Zalán , Kovács Ferenc , Sipos György 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Inland excess water (IEW) is a type of flood where large flat inland areas are covered with water during a period of several weeks to months. The monitoring of these floods is needed to understand the extent and direction of development of the inundations and to mitigate their damage to the agricultural sector and build up infrastructure. Since IEW affects large areas, remote sensing data and methods are promising technologies to map these floods. This study presents the first results of a system that can monitor inland excess water over a large area with sufficient detail at a high interval and in a timely matter. The methodology is developed in such a way that only freely available satellite imagery is required and a map with known water bodies is needed to train the method to identify inundations. Minimal human interference is needed to generate the IEW maps. We will present a method describing three parallel workflows, each generating separate maps. The maps are combined to one weekly IEW map. At this moment, the method is capable of generating IEW maps for a region of over 8000 km2, but it will be extended to cover the whole Great Hungarian Plain, and in the future, it can be extended to any area where a training water map can be created.
Assessment of possible uncertainties arising during the hydromorphological monitoring of a Sand-Bedded Large River
Authors: Právetz Tamás , Sipos György , Ladányi Zsuzsanna 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe riverbed morphology of sand-bedded rivers is dynamically changing as a consequence of quasi continuous bedload transport. In the meantime, the dimension, size and dynamics of developing bedforms is highly depending on the regime of the river and sediment availability, both affected by natural and anthropogenic factors. Consequently, the assessment of morphological changes as well as the monitoring of riverbed balance is challenging in such a variable environment. In relation with a general research on the longer term sediment regime of River Maros, a fairly large alluvial river in the Carpathian Basin, the primary aim of the present investigation was to assess uncertainties related to morphological monitoring, i.e. testing the reproducibility of hydromorphological surveys and digital elevation model generation by performing repeated measurements among low water conditions on selected representative sites. Surveys were conducted with the combination of an ADCP sonar, GPS and total station. The most appropriate way of digital elevation modelling (DEM) was tested and 30-point Kriging was identified to be optimal for comparative analysis. Based on the results, several uncertainties may affect the reproducibility of measurements and the volumetric deviation of DEM pairs generated. The mean horizontal difference of survey tracks was 3-4 m in case of each site, however this could not explain all the DEM deviation. Significant riverbed change between measurements could also be excluded as the main factor. Finally, it was found that results might be affected greatly by systematic errors arising during motor boat ADCP measurements. Nevertheless, the observed, normalised and aggregated DEM uncertainty (600-360 m3/rkm) is significantly lower than the changes experienced between surveys with a month or longer time lag. Consequently, the developed measurement strategy is adequate to monitor long term morphological and sediment balance change on sand bedded large river.
Identifying Constraints to Increase the Resilience of Cities: A Case Study of the City of Porto Alegre
Authors: da Silva Stefano Gustavo , Lacerda Daniel Pacheco , Veit Douglas Rafael , Pantaleão Luis Henrique 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study applies the BRIC – Baseline Resilience Indicator for Communities – as a case study to the city of Porto Alegre. The purpose of quantifying resilience is to allow the identification of the constraints of that city considering its 17 participatory budgeting regions to increase resilience over time. Utilizing five TOC focusing steps is suggested so that the identified constraints may be exploited and “broken” effectively. At the end, three significant constraints were identified, which lead to the conclusion that there is room for improvement in the city and in the adequacy of the tool regarding the proposed case, enabling further research opportunities.
Bacterial flora associated with diseased freshwater ornamental fish
Authors: Walczak Natalia , Puk Krzysztof , Guz Leszek 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroduction:Ornamental fish can suffer from different bacterial diseases. Among them the most prevalent are infections caused byAeromonas, Shewanella, Citrobacter, Plesiomonas, Edwardsiella, andPseudomonas.But there is a broad spectrum of rarely identified bacteria which may be causative agents of diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the species of bacteria pathogenic for fish which are prevalent in aquariums.Material and Methods:Bacteria were isolated from infected ornamental fish from pet shops and private aquariums in the Lublin region in 2015 and classified to species using MALDI-TOF MS.Results:A total of 182 isolates from ornamental fish were identified. The most frequent bacteria found in diseased fish wereAeromonas veronii(30.8% of total number of strains),A. hydrophila(18.7%),Shewanella putrefaciens(7.1%),Citrobacter freundii(7.1%),Pseudomonas spp. (7.1%),Shewanella baltica(4.9%), andPlesiomonas shigelloides(3.3%).Conclusion:Isolated bacterial species are facultative pathogens for fish and humans and may be isolated from fish without apparent symptoms of the disease.
Lichens of fruit trees in the selected locations in Podlaskie Voivodeship [North-Eastern Poland]
Authors: Matwiejuk Anna 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present the diversity of the lichen species on fruit trees (Malus sp., Pyrus sp., Prunus sp. and Cerasus sp.) growing in orchards in selected villages and towns in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Fifty-six species of lichens were found. These were dominated by common lichens found on the bark of trees growing in built-up areas with prevailing heliophilous and nitrophilous species of the genera Physcia and Phaeophyscia. A richer lichen biota is characteristic of apple trees (52 species) and pear trees (36). Lichens of the apple trees constitute 78% of the biota of this phorophyte growing in the fruit orchards in Poland. Of the recorded species, only two (Ramalina farinacea, Usnea hirta) are covered by partial protection in Poland.
Production and environmental aspects of the application of biostimulators Asahi SL, Kelpak SL and stimulator Tytanit with limited doses of nitrogen
Authors: Murawska Barbara , Gabrowska Magdalena , Spychaj-Fabisiak Ewa , Wszelaczynska Elżbieta , Chmielewski Jarosław 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An effective way to reduce nitric oxide emissions may be to reduce the level of nitrogen fertilization. Specialized formulations such as biostimulators are a good alternative to conventional mineral fertilization. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the application of biostimulation agents (Asahi SL, Kelpak SL, Tytanit) applied against the limited dose of nitrogen (75 kgN·ha−1) on winter wheat ‘Muszelka’, their effect was measured on the parameters: grain yield, protein content, amount of chlorophyll and root mass. No statistically significant changes in yields were observed, but after application of the Asahi SL and Kelpak SL, considerably higher values were found as compared to the controls. It should be emphasised that the applied formulations significantly affected the root mass and chlorophyll content of the leaves. Especially in the case of roots of the plants where the biostimulator Asahi was used in the phase BBCH 37, Kelpak in BBCH 23 and fertilizer Tytanit in BBCH 37. And in the case of chlorophyll objects, where Tytanit was applied in BBCH 37 and 69. In the study, significant correlation was found only between the chlorophyll content and the root mass (r = 0.54).
Environmental pollution as a threats to the ecology and development in Guinea Conakry
Authors: Borowski Piotr F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The aim of the research was to investigate the relationship between environmental pollution in Guinea Conakry and the levels of development as well as the assessment of climatic conditions as they influence pollution levels. In order to explore economic, social and cultural situations in Guinea, in-depth interviews were conducted and also face-to-face interviews were recorded. There were observations made in two extreme climatic conditions (dry season and rainy season) that have allowed inference to the impact of climatic conditions on pollution levels.
Evaluation of national parks on the basis of Nature 2000 areas
Authors: Kapuściński Ryszard , Szyszko-Podgórska Katarzyna 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The goal of this work is to present the valorisation of national park based on the criteria resulting from standard data forms (SDF). The analysis covered a number of areas protected under the Birds Directive and Habitats Directive with the A, B or C category. Habitats and species marked as D in the SDF are not protected in the Nature 2000 areas, which is why they were not taken into account in the analysis. The presented characteristics made it possible to determine the hierarchy of national parks amongst the most valuable natural objects that deserve protection in the first place and also to verify the views on most valuable areas.
Plastic pollutants in water environment
Authors: Mrowiec Bożena 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Nowadays, wide applications of plastics result in plastic waste being present in the water environment in a wide variety of sizes. Plastic wastes are in water mainly as microplastics (the size range of 1 nm to < 5 mm). Microplastics have been recognized as an emerging threat, as well as ecotoxicological and ecological risk for water ecosystems. In this review are presented some of the physicochemical properties of plastic materials that determine their toxic effect on the aquatic environment. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are mentioned as one of main sources of microplastics introduced into fresh water, and rivers are the pathways for the transportation of the pollutants to seas and oceans. But, effluents from tertiary wastewater treatment facilities can contain only minimally microplastic loads. The issue of discharge reduction of plastic pollutants into water environment needs activities in the scope of efficient wastewater treatment, waste disposal, recycling of plastic materials, education and public involvement.
Genetically modified foods in the opinion of the second-year students of biology, biotechnology and tourism and recreation of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce – a preliminary study
Authors: Chmielewski Jarosław , Ochwanowska Ewa , Czarny-Działak Małgorzata , Łuszczki Jarogniew J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess knowledge of and to identify awareness in second-year students of biology, biotechnology and tourism and recreation, regarding the use of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in food. The analysis of obtained results shows that about 98% of respondents know the concept of GMO and highly appreciate their knowledge of this topic. The main source of knowledge about GMO for the students is the Internet and the University. It is worth noting that 59% of respondents are aware of the use of GMO in food, while more than half do not know how the GMO in food should be labeled. In particular, students of biotechnology showed a distinctive knowledge about GMO. Over half of students of the Jan Kochanowski University in the fields of biology, biotechnology, and tourism and recreation (55%) recognized that the use of GMO poses a threat to human health.