bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides and Insecticide Combinations Against Boll Weevil, Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1993
Authors: Graves J. B. , Leonard B. R. , Clay P. A. , Burris E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted in a Gigger-Gilbert silt loam on 2 Jun. Plots consisted of 4 rows on 1.02 m centers × 15.2 m. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Field preparation and plot maintenance followed conventional cultural practices. Plots were irrigated to maintain satisfactory soil moisture. All treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 charged delivery system calibrated to deliver 56.1 liters total spray/ha through TX-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 3.2 kg/cm2. Treatments were applied on 2, 5 and 16 Aug and evaluated on 5, 9 and 20 Aug (3, 4 and 4 DAT respectively) by visually examining 25 terminals per plot (randomly selected from middle 2 rows of each plot) for eggs, damage and live larvae and 25 squares per plot for live larvae and bollworm-tobacco budworm and boll weevil damage. The center 2 rows of each plot were mechanically harvested on 8 Oct to estimate seed cotton yields. The plots received 5.3 cm rainfall on 6 Aug and a trace of rainfall on 18, 19 and 20 Aug. Methyl parathion 4E (0.37 kg [AI]/ha) was applied on 23 Jul and 10, 24 and 28 Aug to all plots for boll weevil suppression.
Selected Treatments for Control of Southern Corn Rootworm Injury in Peanut, 1993
Authors: Herbert, Jr. D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Liquid and granular insecticide formulations were evaluated for control of SCR pod injury in cv. ‘NC 7’ Virginia-type peanut in Suffolk, VA. Peanuts were planted on 17 May using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied in a 14-inch band over the row either at preplant (band, ppi), early flowering (24 Jun) or at pegging (13 Jul). Liquid treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 17 gpa at 22 psi through one 8004E flat fan nozzle per row. Granules were applied with a bicycle-mounted Noble applicator. Preplant treatments were soil incorporated 3 to 4 inches deep using a land conditioner. Early flowering time banded treatments were lightly soil incorporated with cultivator sweeps in row middles. A RCBD was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows × 40 ft. Pod injury was determined 15 Sep from 100 randomly selected pods per plot, taken from 5 plants per plot (20 pods/plant). Pods were categorized as undamaged, scarred (apparently superficial damage to the outer pod wall), and penetrated (pod wall penetrated). Yield was based on digging, combining (6 Oct), drying and weighing peanuts from the 2 center rows (80 row ft) of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Rangeland Grasshopper Control Using Dimilin, 1993
Authors: Catangui M. A. , Fuller B. W. , Walz A. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Grasshopper control was investigated in Ludlow, SD. Insecticides were aerially applied over 40-acre plots from 4-7 Jul. CRD with each treatment replicated 4 times was utilized. Untreated plots were considered as controls. Grasshopper densities were estimated through ring counts (4 rows of ten 0.1 m2 aluminum rings, were arranged in 8 × 8 ft grids near the center of each 40-acre plot). Grasshopper counts were made at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 76 DAT. Grasshopper species and age composition were determined by taking 80 sweeps/plot with a 12 inch diam sweep net. At 0 DAT majority of the grasshoppers were 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instars at 46.8%, 24.6%, and 23.5%, respectively.
Furadan Formulations and Application Methods for Rice Water Weevil Control, 1993
Authors: Muegge M. A. , Barbour J. D. , Trahan G. B. , Bollich P. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Different formula tions and application methods of the insecticide, Furadan, were evaluated for control of rice water weevil at the Rice Research Station, Crowley, LA. Plots, 1.22 × 5.47 m, were collectively leveed and arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates and 4 treatments. Fertilizer was incorporated pre-plant and applied broadcast 3 wk post-flood at 50.6 kg (13-13-13) and 101.2 kg (21-0-0) N-P-K/ha respectively. Plots were drill seeded to Crowley silt loam (17.8 cm row spacing) with ‘Cyprus’ rice at 112.5 kg seed/ha on 12 May, flush irrigated 21 and 28 May, and permanently flooded 7 Jun. Propanil was applied at 3.34 kg/ha on 26 May using a CO, backpack sprayer delivering 141.9 liters/ha at 1.8 kg/cm2 for weed control. Benomyl was aerially applied at 0.56 kg/ha on 28 Jun to control rice blast. Foliar applications of Furadan 4F were made 3 d pre-flood at 1.14 kg/ha using a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 141.9 liters/ha at 1.52 kg/cm2 with 80015 flat-fan nozzles on a 0.91 m boom. Furadan 4F, adsorbed onto ammonium sulfate fertilizer (N-P-K = 21-0- 0), was applied 2 wk post-flood at 1.14 kg/ha using a hand-held shaker. Furadan 3G was applied 2 wk post-flood at 0.68 kg/ha using a hand-held shaker. Three randomly selected soil samples per plot were taken 22 and 29 Jun, and 7 and 13 Jul using a 10.2 × 10.2 cm core sampler. Individual samples were washed through a funnel, fitted with wire screen, into a 35 mesh screen sieve. Collected rice water weevil (RWW) larvae and pupae were floated in a saturated NaCl solution, counted and corrected for the number of rice plants per core. Five plants per plot were measured for height immediately prior to harvesting the center 4 rows of each plot on 1 Sep using a Kubota combine. Moisture content of harvested grain was determined and then standardized to 12% for calculation of yield. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA succeeded by orthogonal contrasts to separate the following mean comparisons: 1) Untreated vs treated; 2) Furadan 4F foliar spray vs Furadan 4F impregnated on fertilizer and broadcast applied; 3) Furadan 3G vs Furadan 4F foliar and broadcast applied. These contrasts were performed for all collection dates except the 1st date of 22 Jun, because application of the broadcast treatments were not made until after the plots were sampled. Therefore, these plots were considered as untreated and the following contrast performed: 1) Furadan 4F foliar application vs Untreated. Additionally, RWW immature counts corrected and uncorrected for the number of plants per core were analyzed. Both analyses produced similar results; thus, only uncorrected RWW immature means are presented in the table. All analyses were conducted at the 0.05 probability level.
Greenbug Control in a Farming Systems Study, 1989
Authors: De Spain R. R. , Benedict J. H. , Ring D. R. , Landivar J. L. , Parker R. D. , Treacy M. F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A 4 yr study of farming systems was conducted on a dryland farm near Corpus Christi, TX. The test design was a split-split plot (rotations, tillages, and insect managements in a RCBD). The main treatments were rotations; (1) continuous sorghum, (2) sorghum/cotton, and (3) sorghum/corn. Main treatments were split into 2 subtreatments: (I) conventional tillage and (2) reduced tillage; and each tillage was split into 2 subtreatments: (1) Counter 15G 0.5 lb (ALVacre soil insecticide applied at planting and (2) no soil insecticide at planting. Main plots were 36 rows wide, tillage plots 18 rows wide, and insect management plots 9 rows wide. All plots were 200 ft (60.8 m) long, replicated 4 times, in rows on 38 inch centers. Counter was applied in the seed drill on the seed using an electric motor-driven Gandy granular applicator. The soil was sandy clay loam with good planting moisture. Data were analyzed as a split-split plot design using PROC GLM in SAS.
Selected Insecticides for Corn Earworm Control in Soybean in Virginia, 1993
Authors: Herbert, Jr. D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of selected insecticides, with and without adjuvants, was evaluated against CEW in soybean. Hutcheson soybean was planted in 36-inch rows on 29 Jun. Treatments were applied on 18 Aug with water using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gal formulation per acre at 50 psi through three D2-13 disccore hollow cone spray nozzles per row, 1 over the top of the row and 1 on each side. A RCBD was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows × 40 ft. Treatments were evaluated 3 h before and 1, 5, 8 and 12 DAT by comparing numbers of small (1st and 2nd instars), medium (3rd and 4th instars), large (5th and 6th instars) and total larvae per 3 row ft using a standard beat cloth sampling technique. Yield was determined by combining the center 2 rows of each plot (80 row ft) using a Hege small-plot combine. Data wore analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures. A cumulative index (CI) was calculated for each treatment using ∑(Xi+1 - Xi)(Yi + Yi+1)/2], where Xi, and Xi+1, are adjacent sample dates and Yi and Yi+1 are corresponding points of total larval number.
Control of Velvetbean Caterpillars on Georgia Soybeans, 1993
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Lambert Amy L. , Taylor J. Delano , Padgett Marion L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of 9 selected insecticides for control of velvetbean caterpillars was evaluated at the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. The insecticides were foliar-applied on 23 Aug on soybeans planted in early Jun. Individual plots were 4 rows wide × 50 ft long with alleys 6 ft wide on each end and 2 border rows on each side arranged n a RCBD with 5 replications. Each spray concentrate was applied with a COypowered backpack sprayer with 4, TX-12 nozzles on a 6 ft boom (2 nozzles per row) at 40 psi that delivered 17.8 gal/acre. Each plot was sampled prior to treatment and on 4, 7, 11, 14, and 22 DAT, by taking a 20- iweep sample (15-inch diam net) from a single row. Soybeans were in the R5 growth stage (pods filling with seeds) at the initiation of the test and R6 growth stage (full size beans in pods) at the conclusion. The data were subjected to ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Efficacy of Aerial Application of Selected Insecticides Against Sugarcane Borer, 1993
Authors: Rodriguez L. M. , Reagan T. E. , White W. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six insecticide treatments were tested for season-long control of SCB at Blackberry Farm, located in Vacherie, LA. A RCBD (4 reps) which incorporated 28 plots of SBC-susceptible plant cane was utilized. Plot size ranged from 0.37 to 0.92 ha (avg 0.67 ha). Each treatment was applied in water using a Cessna Ag Cat with swaths of 14.5 m (8 rows) delivering 18.7 liters of finished formulation per hectare. The plots were treated on 12 Aug when 5% of sugarcane stalks contained live larvae (3rd instars or smaller) in the leaf sheaths. Mortality (live/dead) was assessed 3 DAT by collecting and identifying stage of 15-20 larvae/plot. To determine the length of control, and if additional applications were needed, weekly infestation counts were made in each plot after the application. YSA infestations also were monitored weekly by counting the number of YSA on the 3rd or 4th leaf below the whorl of 20 randomlyselected plants. SCB infestations remained below economic injury for the remainder of the growing season and therefore no other applications were made. SCB damage was assessed by counting the number of bored internodes, exit holes, and the total number of internodes of 75 sugarcane stalks per plot (5 sites/plot, 15 stalks/site) on 5 and 7 Oct. Separation of means was by LSD.
Hornworm, Budworm, and Aphid Control on Burley Tobacco, 1993
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Litton Jim , Brock Alan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at the VPI and SU Southwest Virginia Research and Extension Center, Glade Spring, VA, to evaluate various combinations of foliar and transplant water (TPW) treatments for THW, TBW, and TA control on burley tobacco. Tobacco was transplanted into experimental plots, 8 × 30 ft (2 rows × 15 plants), on 3 Jun. Ten treatments were established in a RCBD with 4 replications. Plots were separated by single untreated guard rows and blocks were separated by 5 ft vacant alleys. Immediately after transplanting Orthene and Admire were applied in 8 fl oz/plant (340 gpa) using a bucket and a dipper. Foliar treatments were applied on 26 Jul using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 26 gal/acre at 60 psi through 3 TX-lO nozzles/row. On 22 Jul, 4 d before application, 3rd instar THW and TBW larvae were released on 15 plants in the 1st and 2nd rows, respectively of each plot. TA populations were rated on a scale of 0-7 where 0 = no TA, 1 = 1-10 TA, 2 = 11-50 TA, 3 = 50-100 TA, 4 = 101-500 TA, 5 = 501-1000 TA, 6 = 1001-5000 TA, and 7 = more than 5000 TA. Ratings were made for the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants per plot about once a wk from 4 to 12 wk after transplanting. TBW and THW were counted on 15 plants in each plot immediately before treatment and at 3, 7 and 16 DAT. The number of plants damaged and severely damaged by TBW was counted in each plot on 24 Aug, 4 wks after treatment. Plants were classified as severely damaged if they had been topped or had lost 2 or more leaves as the result of TBW feeding. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated by DMRT. THW and TBW count data were transformed to SQRT (X + 0.5) before ANOVA. Actual means are presented in the tables.
Insecticide/Fungicide Wheat Seed Treatment Effects on Seedling Emergence, Aphids, Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus, and Yield, 1993
Authors: Chapin Jay W. , Thomas James S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Gaucho 480 seed treatments were compared to a standard Di-Syston 15 G in-furrow treatment for suppression of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and yield improvement. Insecticide combinations with Baytan/Captan fungicide seed treatments were also evaluated for effects on seedling emergence, final stand and culm count. The test was planted 9 Nov on a Marlboro sandy loam in Barnwell County, SC. Soil temperature was 66°F at 1.5 inch depth and moisture was excellent. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates. The experimental unit was a plot 50 × 4 ft (6 rows on 8-inch spacing). Granular Di-Syston was placed in-furrow with electric Gandy applicators. Seed treatments were applied by the Gustafson Seed Research Laboratory. All seed were from the same lot. Stand and head counts were taken from 2 randomly-selected 1.0 m samples per plot. Aphid counts were taken from 2 randomly selected 0.5-row ft samples per plot on 19 Feb. BYDV symptomatic flag leaves were counted by 2 observers, each scanning 100 row ft per plot on 19 Apr. The entire plot was harvested for yield.
Efficacy Comparison of Some New Materials for Aphid Control in Small Grain, 1993
Authors: Noetzel David N. , Warnes Dennis 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was located at the West Central Experiment Station, with a plot size of 5 ft × 20 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD, and replicated 4 times. All seed received planter treatment using DB green (Maneb 50%-lindane 18.8%) to reduce variability caused by soil fungi. Planting date was 22 Apr. Foliars (all were foliars except Gaucho) were applied in approximately 10 gpa of total material at the flag leaf (Feekes 8) stage (22 Jun) of the plant. They were applied using a CO2 hand held sprayer at 40 psi pressure. Nearly 1 inch of rain fell on this trial within 1 h post treatment.
Russian Wheat Aphid Control Using Seed and Rescue Treatments, 1993
Authors: Kieckhefer R. W. , Beck D. A. , Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. , Voss T. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Winter wheat was planted (8 Sep) at a rate of 75 lb per acre in a Lismore silty clay loam soil in 17.5-cm rows using a 10-row International drill near the Northern Grain Insects Research Laboratory, Brookings, SD. The experiment was arranged in CRBD with 4 replications. Treatments were randomly assigned to 1-m2 plots of winter wheat. Individual treatment plots were artificially infested (2 Oct) with laboratory-reared RWA. Pretreatment counts (6 Oct) indicated 25.8 RWA/tiller were present. Foliar rescue applications were carried out (9 Oct) using a hand-held spray boom equipped with 6 TeeJet 8002 nozzles spaced 12 inches apart that delivered 20 gpa at 25 psi while travelling at 3 mph. Miles, Inc. provided the material for seed treatments (Gaucho 480 FS), which was applied 2 wk prior to planting time for comparison with foliar-applied rescue treatments. The 5 DAT (14 Oct) RWA census was performed by randomly selecting 4 tillers from each quadrant and one from the center of each 1-m2 plot. Additionally, a 23 DAT count (1 Nov) was conducted in the same manner to determine residual RWA control. Aphid count data were subjected to SAS’s General Linear Models (GLM) procedure and means were compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test
Evaluation of Microbial Insecticides for Control of Armyworms on Winter Wheat, 1993
Authors: Steinkraus D. C. , Young S. Y. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 19 May to winter wheat drilled on 6 inch row spacings at soft dough stage, in Mississippi Co., AR. A bicycle type CO2 sprayer with a 12 ft boom equipped with TX-4 hollowcone nozzles on a 20-inch spacing was calibrated to deliver 10.5 gpa at 40 psi. Plots were 12 × 50 ft separated by 6 ft borders arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. A spreader sticker (CS-7) was added (1 ml per gal). The application was made in the late afternoon. No rainfall occurred during the test. Five Bacillus thuringiensis products and 3 viruses (Anagrapha falcifera NPV [AfNPV], Pseudaletia unipuncta NPV [AwNPV] and P. unipuncta GV [AwGV]) were tested. Larval counts were made from the perimeter of the plots prior to the application, and again 4 DAT within plots. Armyworms in two 6 ft samples per plot were counted by searching the soil surface, debris, and base of plants. Just prior to the search, plants were jostled to knock larvae on plants to the ground. Larvae were collected from control and virus treated plots and individually placed in 1 oz plastic cups half-filled with pinto bean diet. Larvae were held until death of adult emergence. Yields were not taken.
Mole Cricket Control on Golf Courses in South Mississippi, 1993
Authors: Harris Joseph P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted on fairways at the Jackson County Golf Course in Jackson County on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi. Soil type was a sandy clay loam. Experimental design was RCB with 4 replications. Granular formulations were applied with a ferti-lome, hand-pushed spreader. Liquid and wettable powders were applied with a Solo Knapsack sprayer using a fan nozzle at 25 psi, and a spray volume of 2 gal per 2,000 ft2. Rainfall from 5 Aug to 3 Sep was a total of 9.6 inches. All plots were well saturated with rainfall within 24 hours prior to applications. Mole cricket damage ratings were made using a 1 m2 frame divided into nine equal, square-shaped sections. The frame was placed on the ground in 10 locations/rep. The presence of mounds and tunnels was determined visually and by touch. Damage ranged from zero (no damage in any of the nine sections) to nine (nine sections contained mounds and/or tunnels). Pretreatment counts were made 5 Aug and post-treatment counts were made 12 and 20 Aug and 3 Sep.
Evaluation of Imidacloprid for Control of White Grubs in Turfgrass, 1992
Authors: Merchant Michael 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Granular and flowable formulations of Merit (imidacloprid) were evaluated for control of white grubs on a hybrid bermudagrass fairway located at Oak Cliff Country Club, Dallas, TX. The soil was heavy clay, similar to Austin silty clay (pH 7.6-7.9). Merit treatments were applied 20 and 21 Jul. Isazophos was applied on 24 Aug. Controls consisted of untreated plots and plots treated with an adjuvant, Latron B-1956 (although no adjuvants were added to the treatments in this test). Treatments were applied to 10 ft by 10 ft plots arranged in a RCB with three replications. Liquid formulations were applied using a pressurized CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to apply 5 gal of spray solution per 1000 ft2. Granular formulations were applied using an Ortho Whirlybird® cyclone-type spreader. Plots were irrigated immediately following application with 0.25-0.5 inch of water. Initial post-treatment estimates of white grub population densities were made between 11 and 22 Aug. Final post-treatment counts were made for all plots on 2 Oct. Treatments were evaluated by counting white grubs from 1-10 randomly located, 4-inch diam by 4-inch-deep soil core samples, removed from each plot using a golf course cup-cutter. Pre-treatment counts on 20 Jul indicated a mean of approximately eight second-instar white grubs/ft2.
Subsurface Placement of Bioneem and Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Control of Annual White Grubs, 1993
Authors: Baxendale F. P. , Weinhold A. P. , Von Bargen K. , Grisso R. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted in Lincoln, NE on a Kentucky bluegrass golf course fairway. The turf (100% Kentucky bluegrass) was maintained at a mowing height of 5/s inches and thatch accumulation in the plot area was 0.75 inches (finger compressed, 0.5 inches). Field conditions at the time of application were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6-7; water pH, 7.0; soil moisture, near field capacity Plots were 40 inches × 15 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Formulations were applied 24 Aug using a Cushman Prototypt Subsurface Applicator configured to place liquid formulations at the soil-thatch interface (average depth, 0.75 inches). Immediately following applications plots were irrigated with 0.5 inches of water. A total of 5.41 inches of rain fell during the post-treatment period. Treatments were evaluated 21 DAT on 14 Sep by removing from each plot three, 8-inch diam turf-soil cores (1.05 ft2 total area) to a depth of 3 inches and counting the number of surviving grubs.
Control of Japanese Beetle and Northern Masked Chafer Larvae on a Golf Course Fairway, 1993
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located on a golf course fairway at Carrollton, Carroll county, OH. Insecticides were applied 24 Aug to plots 8 × 10 ft (2.4 × 3.1 m) arranged in a RCB, replicated 4 times. Granular materials were applied using a drop spreader. All liquids were applied with a CO2 sprayer with Teejet XR8006VS nozzles at 35 psi (2.46 kg/cm2) pressure that delivered a volume of 1 gal/1000 ft2 (407 liter/ha). Before the entire experimental area was irrigated approximately lA inch (6 mm) of water using the golf course system, plastic sheets 12 × 12 ft (3.6 × 3.6 m), were laid over one of the Orthene treatments in each replicate so they received no posttreatment irrigation. Environmental conditions at time of treatment were as follows. JB: ca. 270/m2, 15% 1st, 70% 2nd, 15% 3rd instars. Turf: level, dry, 1.5 inch (3.8 cm) height, 100% Kentucky bluegrass. Thatch: dense, moist, 0-VA inch (0-6 mm). Soil: moist, 80°F at 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 77°F at 3 inch (7.6 cm). Weather: sunny, 82°F, 2-10 mph (4-16 km/h). Water: pH 4.6. At the time of data acquisition a disease was found to have recently infected &gt;30% of the JB larvae throughout the study area. Diseased grubs were collected for identification of the pathogen and further study of it. Efficacy data taken 5 Oct (41 DAT) were based on the number of live, sick, and freshly dead (appx 90% JB: 10% NMC) in six 7 × 7 inch (17.8 × 17.8 cm) square samples from each plot. No phytotoxicity was observed.