bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleepiness Enhances Distraction During a Monotonous Task
Authors: Anderson Clare , Horne James A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Study Objectives:
Although sleepiness appears to heighten distraction from the task at hand, especially if the latter is dull and monotonous, this aspect of sleep loss has not been assessed in any systematic way. Distractions are a potential cause of performance lapses (as are microsleeps). Here, we investigate the effects of sleepiness on a monotonous task, with and without distraction.

Design:
Repeated Measures 2 × 2 counterbalanced design, comprising Sleepiness (night sleep restricted to 5 hours × normal sleep) and Distraction (distraction × no distraction).

Setting:
Participants underwent 30-minute sessions on the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (2:00 PM - 3:10 PM), with or without an attractive distraction to be ignored, under normal and sleep-restricted conditions.

Participants:
Sixteen healthy young adults (mean age 21.10 years; 21-25 years [8 men; 8 women]) without any sleep or medical problems and without any indication of daytime sleepiness.

Interventions:
Normal sleep versus sleep restricted to 5 hours and distraction versus no distraction. Distraction comprised a television in the visual periphery, showing an attractive video that had to be ignored.

Measurements & Results:
Psychomotor Vigilance Test performance was monitored, as were the participants' head turns toward the television via videocameras. There was a significant increase in both head turns and lapses during sleep restriction plus distraction. Moreover, sleepiness also increased head turns even during no distraction. Distracting effects of sleepiness were clearly evident during the initial 10 minutes of testing. Conclusions: Distractibility is an important aspect of sleepiness, which has relevance to safety in the real world, eg, sleepy driving.

Citation:
Anderson C; Horne JA. Sleepiness enhances distraction during a monotonous task.
Low-dimensional representation of near-wall dynamics in shear flows, with implications to wall-models
Authors: Schmid P. J. , Sayadi T. 
Published: February 2017

The dynamics of coherent structures near the wall of a turbulent boundary layer is investigated with the aim of a low-dimensional representation of its essential features. Based on a triple decomposition into mean, coherent and incoherent motion and a dynamic mode decomposition to recover statistical information about the incoherent part of the flow field, a driven linear system coupling first- and second-order moments of the coherent structures is derived and analysed. The transfer function for this system, evaluated for a wall-parallel plane, confirms a strong bias towards streamwise elongated structures, and is proposed as an ‘impedance’ boundary condition which replaces the bulk of the transport between the coherent velocity field and the coherent Reynolds stresses, thus acting as a wall model for large-eddy simulations (LES). It is interesting to note that the boundary condition is non-local in space and time. The extracted model is capable of reproducing the principal Reynolds stress components for the pretransitional, transitional and fully turbulent boundary layer.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Toward the development of high-fidelity models of wall turbulence at large Reynolds number’.
Clusterization in head and neck squamous carcinomas based on lncRNA expression: molecular and clinical correlates
Authors: de Lena Pelayo G. , Paz-Gallardo Abel , Paramio Jesús M. , García-Escudero Ramón 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key players in a remarkably variety of biological processes and pathologic conditions, including cancer. Next-generation sequencing technologies and bioinformatics procedures predict the existence of tens of thousands of lncRNAs, from which we know the functions of only a handful of them, and very little is known in cancer types such as head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs).ResultsHere, we use RNA-seq expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and various statistic and software tools in order to get insight about the lncRNome in HNSCC. Based on lncRNAs expression across 426 samples, we discover five distinct tumor clusters that we compare with reported clusters based on various genomic/genetic features. Results demonstrate significant associations between lncRNA-based clustering and DNA-methylation, TP53 mutation, and human papillomavirus infection. Using “guilt by association” procedures, we infer the possible biological functions of representative lncRNAs of each cluster. Furthermore, we found that lncRNA clustering is correlated with some important clinical and pathologic features, including patient survival after treatment, tumor grade or sub-anatomical location.ConclusionsWe present a landscape of lncRNAs in HNSCC, and provide associations with important genotypic and phenotypic features that may help to understand the disease.
Constrained design optimization of active magnetic bearings through an artificial immune system
Authors: Chou Yu-Cheng , Fan Yi-Hua , Nakajima Madoka , Liao Yi-Lin 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the use of artificial immune systems (AISs) to solve constrained design optimization problems for active magnetic bearings (AMBs).

Design/methodology/approach
This research applies the AIS approach, more specifically, a representative clonal selection-based AIS called CLONALG, to the single-objective structural design optimization of AMBs. In addition, when compared with a genetic algorithm (GA) developed in the previous work, the CLONALG fails to produce best solutions when a nearly zero feasible ratio occurs in an AMB design problem. Therefore, an AIS called ARISCO (AIS for constrained optimization) is proposed to address the above issue.

Findings
A total of six AMB design cases are solved by the GA, CLONALG, and ARISCO. Based on the simulation results, in terms of solution quality, the ARISCO is shown to have better overall performance than the CLONALG and GA. In particular, when solving a problem with a nearly zero feasible ratio, the ARISCO and GA perform equally and both outperform the CLONALG.

Originality/value
In summary, the contributions of this paper include: this research applies the AIS approach, more precisely, the CLONALG, to the single-objective structural design optimization of AMBs; the ARISCO overall produces better AMB designs than the CLONALG and a GA developed in the previous work; in situations where a nearly zero feasible ratio occurs, the ARISCO and GA perform equally, and they both outperform the CLONALG.
Are European sovereign bond spreads in concordance with macroeconomic variables evolution?
Authors: Sorrosal-Forradellas M. Teresa , Martinez Lisana B. , Terceño Antonio 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The last great financial crisis which arose in the middle of 2007 in the USA produced contagion effects over others economies. The purpose of this paper is focused on analyzing the evolution of a set of economic variables of 17 European countries since 1991 until 2013. Sovereign bond spreads are also considered to compare the incidence of the financial crisis over the economies considering macroeconomics fundamentals and fixed bonds.

Design/methodology/approach
Self-organizing maps (SOMs) are used to achieve the purpose of the research. With this methodology, it is possible to analyze the evolution of the macroeconomic fundamentals of each country, obtaining particular and general conclusions according to the position of each country in the SOM. Moreover, the countries are compared between them and with its respective sovereign bond spreads level for each year of analysis.

Findings
The impact of the crisis is different between the countries was analyzed. Belonging to the European Monetary Union is an interesting characteristic of some of the most affect economies.

Research limitations/implications
This research presents wide implications for the economies to control the most vulnerable economic variables in front of financial crisis to prevent the contagion effect. The inclusion of more economic variables and countries could enhance the study.

Originality/value
This research analyzes the relationship between macroeconomic variables and sovereign bond spreads using an infrequent methodology. The results obtained are valuable because they highlight how the present crisis has differently affected the European countries.
Expertons and uncertain averaging operators versus correlational approaches
Authors: Yepes-Baldó Montserrat , Boria-Reverter Sefa , Romeo Marina , Torres Luis 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR), work-life balance (WLB) and effectiveness by
comparing a correlational approach, expertons method and uncertain averaging operators (uncertain average [UA], uncertain weighted average [UWA], uncertain probabilistic aggregation [UPA] and uncertain probabilistic weighted averaging [UPWA]).

Design/methodology/approach
Participants were 814 employees from two Chilean companies with different levels of development on CSR policies. The Survey work–home Interaction – Nijmegen for Spanish Speaking Countries and the balanced scorecard were used. Results showed differences between companies with different levels of CSR development on individual effectiveness and relations between WLB and individual effectiveness.

Findings
Expertons methodology and uncertain averaging operators allow more accurate results than correlational statistics.

Originality/value
Expertons method and uncertain averaging operators (UA, UWA, UPA and UPWA) are common in the field of economics and engineering but very innovative in the human resources research, allowing more accurate analyses of workers’ perceptions.
Using genetic algorithms to evolve type-2 fuzzy logic systems for predicting bankruptcy
Authors: Georgescu Vasile 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
Type-2 fuzzy sets became attractive in practice because of their footprint of uncertainty that gives them more degrees of freedom. This paper aims to use genetic algorithms (GAs) to design an interval Type-2 fuzzy logic system (IT2FLS) for the purpose of predicting bankruptcy.

Design/methodology/approach
The shape of type-2 membership functions, the parameters giving their spread and location in the fuzzy partitions and the set of fuzzy rules are evolved at the same time by encoding all together into the chromosome representation. The enhanced Karnik–Mendel algorithms are used for the centroid type-reduction and defuzzification stage. The performance in predicting bankruptcy is evaluated by benchmarking IT2FLSs against type-1 FLSs. The experimental setup consists of evolving 100 configurations for both the T1FLS and IT2FLS and comparing their in-sample and out-of-sample average accuracy.

Findings
The experiments confirm that representing and capturing uncertainty with more degrees of freedom is an important advantage. It is this extra potential of IT2FLSs that allows them to outperform T1FLS, especially in terms of generalization capability.

Originality/value
The strategy followed in this paper is to train an IT2FLS from scratch rather than tuning the parameters of an existing T1FLS. Because this leads to solving a mixed integer optimization problem, the GA-based approach is specifically designed and uses genetic operators that are most suited for such a case: tournament selection, extended Laplace crossover and power mutation. Finally, the trained IT2FLS is applied to bankruptcy prediction, and its generalization capability is compared with related techniques.
Forensic Considerations in Cases of Myotonic Dystrophy at Autopsy
Authors: Omond Kimberley J. , Byard Roger W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMyotonic dystrophy (DM) is a chronic, slowly progressive, autosomal‐dominant disorder with delayed muscle relaxation after contraction, distal skeletal muscle weakness, and atrophy. It has a reduced life expectancy due predominantly to respiratory failure or sudden cardiac death. The mortality rate is approximately 7.3 times greater than the general population with a mean age at death of 53 years. Degeneration of the cardiac conduction system causes atrioventricular block, arrhythmias, and ventricular failure. A case of sudden death in a 44‐year‐old woman with DM type 1 is reported to demonstrate an alternative lethal mechanism. At autopsy, there was extensive infiltration of skeletal muscles with adipose tissue. The heart was structurally normal. A deep venous thrombosis of the right calf was identified with a large saddle pulmonary thromboembolus and bilateral peripheral thromboemboli. DM1‐related thrombosis had most likely occurred because of the decedent's impaired mobility, possible hypercoagulable state, and serum changes from muscle necrosis.
Diagnostic Value and Effect of Bedside Ultrasound in Acute Appendicitis in the Emergency Department
Authors: Gungor Faruk , Kilic Taylan , Akyol Kamil Can , Ayaz Gizem , Cakir Umut Cengiz , Akcimen Mehmet , Eken Cenker 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveEarly and accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) with ultrasound (US) can minimize the morbidity and mortality of the patients. In this regard, US can help emergency physicians (EPs) in the diagnosing process and clinical decision making for AA. Therefore, we primarily aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of point‐of‐care US (POCUS) in clinical decision making of EPs for the diagnostic evaluation for AA in the emergency department (ED).MethodsThe study sample consisted of patients aged > 18 years who presented to the ED with abdominal pain and underwent diagnostic evaluation for AA. All patients were examined initially with POCUS by EPs and then with radiology‐performed US (RADUS) by radiologists. Pre‐ and post‐POCUS median diagnostic certainty values (MDCVs) for AA were determined with visual analog scale (VAS) scores (0 = not present, 100 = certainly present) by POCUS performers. Definitive diagnoses were determined by surgery, pathologic evaluation of appendectomy specimens, or clinical follow‐up results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) for POCUS and RADUS together with pre‐ and post‐POCUS VAS scores for MDCVs were compared.ResultsA total of 264 patients were included into the final analysis and 169 (64%) had a diagnosis of AA. The sensitivity, specificity, PLR, and NLR of US examinations were 92.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 87.2%–95.8%), 95.8% (89.5%–98.8%), 21.9 (8.4–57.2), and 0.08 (0.05–0.1) for POCUS and 76.9% (69.8–83%), 97.8% (84.9–99.7%), 36.4 (9.25–144.3), and 0.24 (0.18–0.31) for RADUS, respectively. Pre‐POCUS and post‐POCUS VAS scores for MDCVs were 60 (interquartile range [IQR] = 50–65) and 95 (IQR = 20–98), respectively (p = 0.000).ConclusionPoint‐of‐care ultrasonography, when performed in ED for the diagnosis of AA, has high sensitivity and specificity and had a positive impact on the clinical decision making of EPs.
DEPDC5 mutations in familial and sporadic focal epilepsy
Authors: Tsai M.‐H. , Chan C.‐K. , Chang Y.‐C. , Yu Y.‐T. , Chuang S.‐T. , Fan W.‐L. , Li S.‐C. , Fu T.‐Y. , Chang W.‐N. , Liou C.‐W. , Chuang Y.‐C. , Ng C.‐C. , Hwang D.‐Y. , Lim K.‐S. 
Published: February 2017

Background and AimsMutations in the disheveled, Egl‐10 and pleckstrin domain‐containing protein 5 (DEPDC5) gene have emerged as an important cause of various familial focal epilepsy syndromes. However, the significance of DEPDC5 mutations in patients with sporadic focal epilepsy has yet to be characterized.Materials and MethodsWe studied a kindred of familial focal epilepsy with variable foci using whole‐exome sequencing. We subsequently studied a cohort of 293 patients with focal epilepsy and sequenced all exons of DEPDC5 using targeted resequencing.ResultsWe reported a Taiwanese family with a novel splice site mutation which affected mRNA splicing and activated the downstream mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Among patients with focal epilepsies, the majority (220/293) of these patients had sporadic focal epilepsy without malformation of cortical development. Two (0.9%) of these patients had probably pathogenic mutations in the
DEPDC5 gene.Discussion and ConclusionsOur finding suggests that DEPDC5 is not only the most common gene for familial focal epilepsy but also could be a significant gene for sporadic focal epilepsy. Since focal epilepsies account for more than 60% of all epilepsies, the effect of mTORC1 inhibitor on patients with focal epilepsy due to DEPDC5 mutations will be an important future direction of research.
Competition and facilitation may lead to asymmetric range shift dynamics with climate change
Authors: Ettinger Ailene , HilleRisLambers Janneke 
Published: February 2017

AbstractForecasts of widespread range shifts with climate change stem from assumptions that climate drives species' distributions. However, local adaptation and biotic interactions also influence range limits and thus may impact range shifts. Despite the potential importance of these factors, few studies have directly tested their effects on performance at range limits. We address how population‐level variation and biotic interactions may affect range shifts by transplanting seeds and seedlings of western North American conifers of different origin populations into different competitive neighborhoods within and beyond their elevational ranges and monitoring their performance. We find evidence that competition with neighboring trees limits performance within current ranges, but that interactions between adults and juveniles switch from competitive to facilitative at upper range limits. Local adaptation had weaker effects on performance that did not predictably vary with range position or seed origin. Our findings suggest that competitive interactions may slow species turnover within forests at lower range limits, whereas facilitative interactions may accelerate the pace of tree expansions upward near timberline.
The ‘Mixed’ Constituent Legitimacy of the European Federation
Authors: Niesen Peter 
Published: February 2017

AbstractConstitutional lawyers and political scientists have described the European Union as a federation of states (fédération, Bund). They deny that federations generate a new union‐wide constituent authority besides the pouvoirs constituants of the member states. Habermas argues that federative constituent power lies with individuals in their dual roles as citizens of the several states and as citizens of the Union. I argue that from the perspective of democratic theory, this view is methodologically superior to other ‘dualist’ views of federative constituent power (J. Cohen), but go on to criticize it in two respects. It gives insufficient justification for the persistence of domestic pouvoirs constituants, and it reifies their defensive function.
Manipulating field margins to increase predation intensity in fields of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Mansion‐Vaquié A. , Ferrante M. , Cook S. M. , Pell J. K. , Lövei G. L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe effectiveness of natural enemies to control pests can be enhanced through habitat manipulation. However, due to the differences in their ecology, generalist and specialist species may respond differently to the same manipulation. Moreover, interactions among natural enemies (i.e. cannibalism, intraguild predation, hyperparasitism) may complicate the assumption that a higher density of natural enemies would increase the level of biological control. We investigated the natural enemy guild composition and the predation rate along flower vs. grass margins at the edge of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) fields in Denmark. Natural enemies were sampled by pitfall trapping and by suction sampling; predation intensity was measured using two different sentinel prey methods: artificial caterpillars made of plasticine, and sentinel aphid colonies. Specialist and generalist species responded differently to the two margin types: specialists (mostly parasitic wasps) were attracted by the flower margins, while generalists (ground beetles, rove beetles and spiders) were more active in grass margins. The number of artificial caterpillars attacked was significantly greater in grass margins (mean = 48.9%, SD = 24.3) than in flower margins (mean = 30.7%, SD = 17.4). We found a significant positive relationship between the number of artificial caterpillars attacked by chewing insects, and activity density for large (≥15 mm) ground beetles. Predation of sentinel aphids in wheat fields did not vary significantly in relation to margin type. Our results suggest that flowering margins may be beneficial for canopy‐active specialist natural enemies, but grassy margins are more useful for ground‐active generalist predators.
Using data mining to predict success in a weight loss trial
Authors: Batterham M. , Tapsell L. , Charlton K. , O'Shea J. , Thorne R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundTraditional methods for predicting weight loss success use regression approaches, which make the assumption that the relationships between the independent and dependent (or logit of the dependent) variable are linear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between common demographic and early weight loss variables to predict weight loss success at 12 months without making this assumption.MethodsData mining methods (decision trees, generalised additive models and multivariate adaptive regression splines), in addition to logistic regression, were employed to predict: (i) weight loss success (defined as ≥5%) at the end of a 12‐month dietary intervention using demographic variables [body mass index (BMI), sex and age]; percentage weight loss at 1 month; and (iii) the difference between actual and predicted weight loss using an energy balance model. The methods were compared by assessing model parsimony and the area under the curve (AUC).ResultsThe decision tree provided the most clinically useful model and had a good accuracy (AUC 0.720 95% confidence interval = 0.600–0.840). Percentage weight loss at 1 month (≥0.75%) was the strongest predictor for successful weight loss. Within those individuals losing ≥0.75%, individuals with a BMI (≥27 kg m–2) were more likely to be successful than those with a BMI between 25 and 27 kg m–2.ConclusionsData mining methods can provide a more accurate way of assessing relationships when conventional assumptions are not met. In the present study, a decision tree provided the most parsimonious model. Given that early weight loss cannot be predicted before randomisation, incorporating this information into a post randomisation trial design may give better weight loss results.