bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Musical Language of Kazimierz Serocki in the Light of the Composer’s Self-Reflection
Authors: Lindstedt Iwona 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The article is an attempt to reconstruct the fundamental elements of Kazimierz Serocki’s musical language on the basis of his own statements concerning his music. Those statements come first and foremost from his lectures prepared for the Meisterkurs für Komposition at the Musik-Akademie in Basel (1976), whose manuscripts are now held in the Polish Composers’ Archive of the University of Warsaw Library. The lecture texts (Notations- und Realisationsprobleme, Klangfarben als Kompositionsmaterial, Chance der offenen Form) present a whole set of problems which Serocki considered as the most important for his method of composition. The central place among these problems is occupied by the idea of “composing with sound colour” (“mit Klangfarben komponieren”). Sound colour plays a decisive role in the creative process, as it constitutes self-sufficient material for composition. Sound colour has a form-shaping role in the musical work, since it can build sequences of sound structures in various configurations, which perform various functions in the piece. The idea of composing with sound colour is presented by the composer in the context of an adequate way of notating sound phenomena and the possibility of performing music from such notation. This idea was also related in the lectures to the principles of constructing polyvalent open forms (mehrdeutige Form) out of small- and large-scale components. Pitch organisation, on the other hand, remains of secondary interest in the composer’s commentaries. Serocki’s self-reflection provides us with original and innovative answers to the most important problems that contemporary composers have had to face in their work. It also provides significant and hitherto frequently little-known insights into the components of the unique style of the author of Pianophonie, and these insights can be effectively utilised in the course of future research on Serocki’s work.
The Strategy of “Controlled Reception” in Witold Lutosławski’s Commentaries on his own Works
Authors: Krajewski Marcin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Witold Lutosławski’s commentaries on his own music are often defective in many regards. These defects could be explained as resulting from a strategy according to which the aim of a commentary is not to provide a truthful description of musical phenomena but to form a desired image of a composition or a musical style in the minds of the listeners. This idea of ‘controlled reception’ was clearly outlined by the famous Polish writer Witold Gombrowicz (whose writings Lutosławski knew and highly appreciated) and is especially noticeable in the composer’s remarks on “controlled aleatoricism”, “thin textures” and the connections between his music and the twelve-tone technique. The view of reception of art common to Gombrowicz and Lutosławski could be characterised in the writer’s own words: A style that cannot defend itself before human judgment, that surrenders its creator to the ill will of any old imbecile, does not fulfil its most important assignment. [...] the idiot’s opinion is also significant. It also creates us, shapes us from inside out, and has far-reaching practical and vital consequences. [...] Literature [art in general - note by M.K.] has a dual significance and a dual root: it is born of pure artistic contemplation [...], but it is also an author’s personal settling of accounts with people, an instrument in the battle waged for a spiritual existence.
The Poetics of Unism in Music
Authors: Szwajgier Krzysztof 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Zygmunt Krauze is the founder of a new current in art: unistic (unitary) music. He developed this concept in the first period of his artistic work, inspired by the unistic paintings of Władysław Strzemiński. Traces of this style are also detectable in Krauze’s later post-unistic works. Unistic music is characterised by a paradoxical unity in diversity. Most of the composer’s statements collected in this paper refer to specific features of unism in music. Other, more general comments concern the essence of music, the composer’s personal stance, the creative process, the autonomy of the composer, the audience and the performers, etc. Two longer texts by Zygmunt Krauze have been quoted in full. One can be considered as a unistic manifesto, while the other is a kind of personal credo.
Marcin Stańczyk’s Afterimages and Aftersounds – Reflections and Self-Reflections
Authors: Tabakiernik Marta 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
One of the most frequently recurring topics in Marcin Stańczyk’s (b. 1977) self-commentaries is the idea of translating the phenomenon of afterimages into music, in the form of his original concept of aftersounds. Direct inspiration for this concept came from a cycle of solarist paintings by Władysław Strzemiński entitled Afterimages of the Sun. The concept of aftersounds can be considered on the level of music material (resonances and reflections of various kinds, contrasts on the sound level) as well as metaphorically (when the composition becomes an afterimage of an external phenomenon). Particularly important to Stańczyk’s work as a composer are explorations in the field of music perception and the theatricalisation of performance, which turns every gesture of the performers into a meaningful element of the composition, as well as an element of expression. This paper aims to present an outline of the ways in which Stańczyk implements the idea of aftersounds in music. The text is based on the composer’s own statements as well as on characteristic examples from his works.
Review of the methods of cartographic presentation of warfare
Authors: Augustyniak Jacek , Kuźma Marta , Pędzich Paweł 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Maps, depicting the warfare, are elaborated according to the rules developed over the years. Although, they are not free of errors. The authors draw our attention to the diversity of methods related to the cartographic presentations, which are shown on the historical maps. This is quite understandable, because every such a map introduces an individual point of view on the historical facts. It is noted, that the most commonly used methods are the qualitative ones, among which, for instance, first of all, the method of signature is frequently used.
In the case of historical maps displaying an event in the specific sequence of times, a loss of cartographic information always occur. This is connected both with the complexity of historical facts and with the difficulty in reading a map, which should present the dynamics of this phenomenon in a complete way. The dynamic variables, such as the time of exposure, duration, frequency, order, degree of change and synchronisation, should be taken into account on the maps of warfare.
The use of information technology makes it possible to develop not only the simple maps presenting the course of warfare in the statistic and schematic ways, but also the maps, which are rich in various types of multimedia information.
Multimedia cartographic presentations can be enriched with the photos and panoramas showing the direct effects of warfare and the pseudo three-dimensional visualization showing the battle from a selected direction. The proprietary software let to combine the sequence of photos into a presentation, allowing to take a virtual tour of the areas directly affected by the hostilities. Network services, such as WMS, WFS, WCS, provide the integrated data from the different sources for us. So, we can connect the archival maps with the contemporary satellite images, defining, thus, the location of a specific place in the terrain.
The authors do not cover the issue of complexity connected with the elaboration of maps presenting the combat operations. The most important problems, which have not been discussed in this article, are the following ones: lack of base maps from the period to which the presented issues related, deliberate distortion of map contents, historical and cartographic imprecisions presented on the maps, appropriate selection of the methods of cartographic presentation related to the phenomena, which are presented on the maps.
Comparison of Lymphatic System Staging Classifications in Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Spychała Arkadiusz , Nowaczyk Piotr , Murawa Dawid 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDespite an observed decrease in the incidence of gastric cancer, it still remains an important clinical problem. It is the fourth most common cancer in the world and the second cause of death in cancer patients. The quality of lymphadenectomy procedure and the number of analysed lymph nodes are both important factors influencing the treatment of the patient.was to compare the lymph node ratio staging system with the 6A group consisting of 493 patients who underwent surgery in 1998–2010 due to gastric cancer was used to compare the staging systems. Following statistical analysis, the following cut-off points were adopted for the lymph node ratio for the purpose of comparison: 0, from 0.05 to 0.3, from 0.3 to 0.5 and over 0.5. Subsequently the homogeneity (using chi-square test for linear trend) and the predictive value of the different classifications (using Akaike information criterion) were assessed in order to compare the lymph node ratio staging system with the 6The lymph node ratio classification has a higher discriminatory value than the TNM classifications (higher linear trend result). What is more, the lymph node ratio classification (LNR) had a lower Akaike information criterion value, which means that it has a higher prognostic value than the other classifications. ROC curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were utilised for the analysis of predictive value of the different classifications in patients with gastric cancer.One may conclude, therefore, that the lymph node ratio staging system is the best classification of the lymphatic system in the presented group of patients.
The Use of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocol in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer – A Comparative Analysis of Patients Aged above 80 and below 55
Authors: Pędziwiatr Michał , Pisarska Magdalena , Wierdak Mateusz , Major Piotr , Rubinkiewicz Mateusz , Kisielewski Michał , Matyja Maciej , Lasek Anna , Budzyński Andrzej 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAge is one of the principal risk factors for colorectal adenocarcinoma. To date, older patients were believed to achieve worse treatment results in comparison with younger patients due to reduced vital capacity. However, papers have emerged in recent years which confirm that the combination of lap-aroscopy and postoperative care based on the ERAS protocol improves treatment results and may be particularly beneficial also for elderly patients.was to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in combination with the ERAS protocol in patients aged above 80 and below 55.. The analysis included patients aged above 80 and below 55 undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal resection for cancer at the 2Group 1 comprised 34 patients and group 2, 43 patients. No differences were found between both groups in terms of gender, BMI, tumour progression or surgical parameters. Older patients typically had higher ASA scores. No statistically significant differences were found with regard to the length hospital stay following surgery (5.4 vs 7 days, p=0.446481), the occurrence of complications (23.5% vs 37.2%, p=0.14579) or hospital readmissions (2.9% vs 2.4%). The degree of compliance with the ERAS protocol in group 1 and 2 was 85.2% and 83.0%, respectively (p=0.482558). Additionally, recovery parameters such as tolerance of oral nutrition (82.4% vs 72.1%, p=0.28628) and mobilisation (94.1% vs 83.7%, p=0.14510) within 24 hours of surgery did not differ among the groups. However, a smaller proportion of older patients required opioids in comparison with younger patients (26.5% vs 55.8%, p=0.00891).Similar levels of compliance with the ERAS protocol may be achieved among patients aged ≥80 and younger patients. When laparoscopy is combined with the ERAS protocol, age does not seem to be a significant factor that could account for worse utcomes. Therefore, older patients should not be excluded from perioperative care based on ERAS principles.
Quality of Life Aspects Determining The-Bio-Psycho-Social Functioning of Patients in The-Perspective of a Planned Extensive Sphincter’s Repair Procedure
Authors: Żelazny Dorota , Romaniszyn Michał , Wałęga Piotr 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDamage to the sphincter, regardless of its pathogenesis, consists in the impossibility to control the physiology, or the so-called faecal incontinence. This implies changes in the whole bio-psycho-social functioning of the patients, and thus affects the satisfaction with their quality of life, conditioned by their health status. The problem affects around 5 to 7% of the population. Often enough, the only hope for those patients are repair procedures of the sphincter mechanism.was to evaluate key aspects of quality of life which determine the psycho-social status of patients with endogenous or iatrogenic sphincter damage in the perspective of a planned extensive sphincter’s repair procedure.The study group consisted of 52 people, 26 women and 26 men, aged 19–72. The scale by Rockwood – Fecal Incontinency Quality of Life – was used as the basic research tool which evaluates the quality of life in four aspects: 1/behavioral (Lifestyle) 2/cognitive (Coping) 3/emotional (Depression) 4/overall self-assessment (Embarrasment). The degree of incontinence was determined based on point scales of Jorge Wexner (JW scale) and the Fecal Incontinenece Severity Index (FISI scale). Structured diagnostic interview was also used in the study.The results show that lack of control over the basic physiological functions disintegrates the quality of life in all evaluated aspects related to somatic, psychological and social functioning. FIQL: Lifestyle (LS) – 1.96 pts Coping (C) – 1.67 pts Depression (D) – 2.1 pts Embarrasment (E) – 1.79 ptsThe FIQL results presented explain the fact that among 52 patients followed, 50 decided to conduct extensive reconstructive procedures, although the results are not statistically optimistic and the risk of complications is relatively high.
Surgical Trap of a Routine Procedure. Scrotal Hernia with Concomitant Sliding of the Urinary Bladder – Case Report
Authors: Cybułka Bartosz , Podgórny Marek , Rapeła Jacek , Wach Andrzej 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe content of the hernial sac may comprise peritoneal cavity elements, such as small and large bowel loops, visceral adipose tissue, the greater omentum, appendix (amyand hernia), and Meckel's diverticulum. The sliding of part of the urinary bladder wall to the inguinal canal is rare, being observed in 1%-4% (0.5%-3%) of inguinal hernia cases. Complete migration of the urinary bladder to the scrotum is considered a rare anomaly. As of today, 100 such cases have been described.
Time-Motion and Biological Responses in Simulated Mixed Martial Arts Sparring Matches
Authors: Coswig Victor S. , Ramos Solange de P. , Del Vecchio Fabrício B. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Coswig, VS, Ramos, SdP, and Del Vecchio, FB. Time-motion and biological responses in simulated mixed martial arts sparring matches. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2156–2163, 2016—Simulated matches are a relevant component of training for mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes. This study aimed to characterize time-motion responses and investigate physiological stress and neuromuscular changes related to MMA sparring matches. Thirteen athletes with an average age of 25 ± 5 years, body mass of 81.3 ± 9.5 kg, height of 176.2 ± 5.5 cm, and time of practice in MMA of 39 ± 25 months participated in the study. The fighters executed three 5-minute rounds with 1-minute intervals. Blood and salivary samples were collected and physical tests and psychometric questionnaires administered at 3 time points: before (PRE), immediately after (POST), and 48 hours after the combat (48 h). Statistical analysis applied analysis of variance for repeated measurements. In biochemical analysis, significant changes (p ≤ 0.05) were identified between PRE and POST (glucose: 80.3 ± 12.7 to 156.5 ± 19.1 mg·ml−1; lactate: 4 ± 1.7 to 15.6 ± 4.8 mmol·dl−1), POST and 48 hours (glucose: 156.5 ± 19.1 to 87.6 ± 15.5 mg·ml−1; lactate: 15.6 ± 4.8 to 2.9 ± 3.5 mmol·dl−1; urea: 44.1 ± 8.9 to 36.3 ± 7.8 mg·ml−1), and PRE and 48 hours (creatine kinase [CK]: 255.8 ± 137.4 to 395.9 ± 188.7 U/L). In addition, time-motion analyses showed a total high:low intensity of 1:2 and an effort:pause ratio of 1:3. In conclusion, simulated MMA sparring matches feature moderate to high intensity and a low degree of musculoskeletal damage, which can be seen by absence of physical performance and decrease in CK. Results of the study indicate that sparring training could be introduced into competitive microcycles to improve technical and tactical aspects of MMA matches, due to the high motor specificity and low muscle damage.
Contribution of Upper-Body Strength, Body Composition, and Maximal Oxygen Uptake to Predict Double Poling Power and Overall Performance in Female Cross-Country Skiers
Authors: Østerås Sindre , Welde Boye , Danielsen Jørgen , van den Tillaar Roland , Ettema Gertjan , Sandbakk Øyvind 
Published: January 2016

AbstractØsterås, S, Welde, B, Danielsen, J, van den Tillaar, R, Ettema, G, and Sandbakk, Ø. Contribution of upper-body strength, body composition, and maximal oxygen uptake to predict double poling power and overall performance in female cross-country skiers.J Strength Cond Res30(9): 2557–2564, 2016—Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) is regarded as the most performance-differentiating physiological measure in cross-country (XC) skiing. In addition, upper-body strength and lean mass have been associated with double poling (DP) power in XC skiers. In this study, we tested upper-body maximal strength, lean mass, and V̇o2max's contributions to predict DP power production of different durations and the overall XC skiing performance level of elite female XC skiers. Thirteen skiers (V̇o2max: 64.9 ± 4.2 ml·kg−1·min−1) performed one 30-second and one 3-minute DP performance test using a ski ergometer. The International Ski Federation's (FIS) ranking points determined their overall XC skiing performance. The skiers performed three 1-repetition maximal strength tests in poling-specific exercises that isolated the elbow extension, shoulder extension, and trunk flexion movements. Body composition was determined by a DXA scan, and V̇o2max was tested in an incremental running test. Multiple regressions were used to predict power production in the 30-second and 3-minute tests and FIS points. The 2 best predictions of 30-second DP power were lean upper-body mass and maximal upper-body strength (with the 3 strength tests normalized and pooled together as one variable) (R2= 0.84 and 0.81,p< 0.001). Along with V̇o2max, the same 2 variables were the best predictions of both 3-minute DP power (R2= 0.60 and 0.44,p≤ 0.05) and overall XC skiing performance (R2= 0.43 and 0.40,p≤ 0.05). Although the importance of upper-body strength and lean mass to predict DP power production and the overall XC skiing performance declines with the performance duration in female XC skiers, the importance of V̇o2max shows an opposite relationship.
Adaptation to Damaging Dance and Repeated-Sprint Activity in Women
Authors: Brown Meghan A. , Howatson Glyn , Keane Karen M. , Stevenson Emma J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Brown, MA, Howatson, G, Keane, KM, and Stevenson, EJ. Adaptation to damaging dance and repeated-sprint activity in women. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2574–2581, 2016—The repeated bout effect (RBE) refers to the prophylactic effect from damaging exercise after a single previous bout of exercise. There is a paucity of data examining the RBE in women, and investigations using exercise paradigms beyond isolated eccentric contractions are scarce. In light of the limited literature, this investigation aimed to determine whether 2 different sport-specific exercise bouts would elicit a RBE in women. Twenty-one female dancers (19 ± 1 years) completed either a dance-specific protocol (n = 10) or sport-specific repeated-sprint protocol (n = 11). Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), limb girths, creatine kinase (CK), countermovement jump height, reactive strength index, maximal voluntary contraction, and 30-meter sprint time were recorded before and 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours after exercise. An identical exercise bout was conducted approximately 4 weeks after the initial bout, during which time the subjects maintained habitual training and dietary behaviors. DOMS and 30-meter sprint time decreased after a second bout of both activities (p = 0.003;

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= 0.38 and p = 0.008; and

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= 0.31, respectively). Circulating CK was also lower at 24, 48, and 72 hours after the second bout, independent of group (p = 0.010 and

JOURNAL/jscr/04.03/00124278-201609000-00027/inline-formula3/v/2023-08-19T002706Z/r/image-tiff

= 0.23). Compared with the repeated-sprint protocol, the magnitude of change in DOMS was greater after a subsequent bout of the dance protocol (p = 0.010 and

JOURNAL/jscr/04.03/00124278-201609000-00027/inline-formula4/v/2023-08-19T002706Z/r/image-tiff

= 0.19). These data are the first to demonstrate that dance and repeated-sprint activity resulting in muscle damage in women confers a protective effect against muscle damage after a subsequent bout.
Physical Performance of Brazilian Rugby Players From Different Age Categories and Competitive Levels
Authors: Kobal Ronaldo , Nakamura Fábio Y. , Moraes José E. , Coelho Maurício , Kitamura Katia , Cal Abad Cesar C. , Pereira Lucas A. , Loturco Irineu 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Kobal, R, Nakamura, FY, Moraes, JE, Coelho, M, Kitamura, K, Cal Abad, CC, Pereira, LA, and Loturco, I. Physical performance of Brazilian rugby players from different age categories and competitive levels. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2433–2439, 2016—The aim of this study was to compare the anthropometric characteristics and physical capacities (vertical jumping, speed, agility, and endurance abilities) among different age categories of Brazilian rugby players from the same high-level club and to compare their respective data with those obtained from the national team players. Eighty-eight men Brazilian rugby players from 4 different age categories were divided into 4 different groups (i.e., under-15 [U-15], under-17 [U-17], under-19 [U-19], and professional senior team [PRO]) and a group composed of players from the Brazilian national team (NAT). Anthropometric measures (i.e., height and body mass), squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests , 2 agility tests (change of direction [COD] and proagility), 40-m sprinting, and the Yo-Yo endurance test (level 1) were compared among the groups using an analysis of covariance (multivariable multivariate analysis of covariance) with the body mass as a covariate. The NAT group demonstrated significantly greater performances in all variables compared with the U-15, U-17, U-19, and PRO groups (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, the PRO group demonstrated better performances in vertical jumping assessments (i.e., SJs and CMJs) and agility tests (i.e., COD and proagility) than the younger categories (p ≤ 0.05). Finally, except for the U-15 group, no significant differences were found between the young age-categories in sprint and endurance capacities. These findings show that, throughout the maturation process, rugby players improve their muscle power and agility abilities without presenting significant increases in endurance and sprinting capacities. Importantly, this does not hold true for players from the NAT group, who presented superior performance in all assessed physical variables (in comparison with the younger age and PRO categories).