bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collective Intuition: Implications for Improved Decision Making and Organizational Learning
Authors: Akinci Cinla , Sadler‐Smith Eugene 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article establishes the foundation for research on collective intuition through a study of decision making and organizational learning processes in police senior management teams. We conceptualize collective intuition asindependently formed judgement based on domain‐specific knowledge, experience and cognitive ability, shared and interpreted collectively. We contribute to intuition research, which has tended to focus its attention at the individual level, by studying intuition collectively in team settings. From a dual‐process perspective, we investigate how expert intuition and deliberation affect decision making and learning at various levels of the organization. Furthermore, we contribute to organizational learning research by offering an empirically derived elaboration of the foundational 4I framework, identifying additional ‘feed‐forward’ and ‘feedback’ loop processes, and thereby providing a more complete account of this organizational learning model. Bridging a variety of relevant but previously unconnected literatures via our focal concept of collective intuition, our research provides a foundation for future studies of this vitally important but under‐researched organizational phenomenon. We offer theoretical and practical implications whereby expert intuitions can be developed and leveraged collectively as valuable sources of organizational knowledge and learning, and contribute to improved decision making in organizations.
Parenting differentially influences the development of boys' and girls' inhibitory control
Authors: Amicarelli Ashley R. , Kotelnikova Yuliya , Smith Heather J. , Kryski Katie R. , Hayden Elizabeth P. 
Published: January 2018

Effortful control (EC) has important implications for children's development. While both child sex and parenting are related to child EC, and while a literature shows early sex differences in children's responses to care, interactions between care and child sex in predicting EC are not well understood. We therefore examined associations between child sex and early caregiving as predictors of children's development of a specific aspect of EC, inhibitory control (IC). A community sample of 406 three‐year‐old children and their caregivers completed behavioural tasks and observational measures of parenting and IC, and children were re‐assessed for IC at age 5. Results showed that early care influenced change in IC over time, although caregiving was a more important influence on boys' IC than girls; specifically, differences in boys' and girls' IC at age 5 were modest when parenting was positive. The implications of a better understanding of sex differences in associations between parenting and the development of IC in early childhood are discussed.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

While sex differences in reactivity to early care in the development of externalizing symptoms have been explored, very little is known about such differences in children's early‐emerging effortful control.

What does this study add?

Using a longitudinal design and independent, laboratory methods of assessing study constructs, we provide new information showing that early care appears to differentially influence boys' development of inhibitory control, a key aspect of effortful control, in early childhood.
Allocation to Anchor Investors, Underpricing, and the After‐Market Performance of IPOs
Authors: Seth Rama , Vishwanatha S. R. , Prasad Durga 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe study bidding by anchor investors in a two‐stage initial public offering (IPO) process and document a negative, causal relation between allocation to anchor investors and underpricing. We find that anchor investors are likely to invest in hard‐to‐place offerings characterized by valuation uncertainty. We also document a positive relation between allocation to reputed anchor investors and returns up to lock‐up expiration. Our evidence provides support for information revelation and targeting specific investors’ theories of book building. Anchor‐backed IPOs earn superior returns mainly due to monitoring. Who bids in an IPO seems to matter just as particular types of bids do.
eBook management in NHS libraries in the North of England: perceptions and practice
Authors: Nicholas Katie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this article, Katie Nicholas presents the findings of a very topical piece of research into the use of eBooks in health libraries, which she completed for a Masters dissertation. Katie graduated with an MA in Library and Information Management (Distinction) from Manchester Metropolitan University in July 2017. She would like to acknowledge the support of her supervisor, Rachel Delbridge, in helping her to gain a Distinction in her dissertation. In the article, she points out that the use of eBooks in the NHS is low compared to other sectors and she presents the findings from her research, which help to explain this. She outlines the development of an electronic tool to help library and information staff make sense of the complexity around eBooks and makes further very practical recommendations for practitioners.A. M
Regulatory B cells in experimental stroke
Authors: Seifert Hilary A. , Vandenbark Arthur A. , Offner Halina 
Published: January 2018

SummaryCurrent treatment options for human stroke are limited mainly to the modestly effective infusion of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), with additional improvement of functional independence and higher rates of angiographic revascularization observed after mechanical thrombectomy. However, new therapeutic strategies that address post‐stroke immune‐mediated inflammatory responses are urgently needed. Recent studies in experimental stroke have firmly implicated immune mechanisms in the propagation and partial resolution of central nervous system damage after the ischaemic event. A new‐found anti‐inflammatory role for regulatory B (Breg) cells in autoimmune diseases sparked interest in these cells as potential immunomodulators in stroke. Subsequent studies identified interleukin‐10 as a common regulatory cytokine among all five of the currently recognized Breg cell subsets, several of which can be found in the affected brain hemisphere after induction of experimental stroke in mice. Transfer of enriched Breg cell subpopulations into both B‐cell‐depleted and wild‐type mice confirmed their potent immunosuppressive activities in vivo, including recruitment and potentiation of regulatory T cells. Moreover, Breg cell therapy strongly reduced stroke volumes and treatment outcomes in ischaemic mice even when administered 24 hr after induction of experimental stroke, a treatment window far exceeding that of tPA. These striking results suggest that transfer of enriched Breg cell populations could have therapeutic value in human stroke, although considerable clinical challenges remain.
The contribution of executive control to semantic cognition: Convergent evidence from semantic aphasia and executive dysfunction
Authors: Thompson Hannah E. , Almaghyuli Azizah , Noonan Krist A. , barak Ohr , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. , Jefferies Elizabeth 
Published: January 2018

Semantic cognition, as described by the controlled semantic cognition (CSC) framework (Rogers et al., , Neuropsychologia, 76, 220), involves two key components: activation of coherent, generalizable concepts within a heteromodal ‘hub’ in combination with modality‐specific features (spokes), and a constraining mechanism that manipulates and gates this knowledge to generate time‐ and task‐appropriate behaviour. Executive–semantic goal representations, largely supported by executive regions such as frontal and parietal cortex, are thought to allow the generation of non‐dominant aspects of knowledge when these are appropriate for the task or context. Semantic aphasia (SA) patients have executive–semantic deficits, and these are correlated with general executive impairment. If the CSC proposal is correct, patients with executive impairment should not only exhibit impaired semantic cognition, but should also show characteristics that align with those observed in SA. This possibility remains largely untested, as patients selected on the basis that they show executive impairment (i.e., with ‘dysexecutive syndrome’) have not been extensively tested on tasks tapping semantic control and have not been previously compared with SA cases. We explored conceptual processing in 12 patients showing symptoms consistent with dysexecutive syndrome (DYS) and 24 SA patients, using a range of multimodal semantic assessments which manipulated control demands. Patients with executive impairments, despite not being selected to show semantic impairments, nevertheless showed parallel patterns to SA cases. They showed strong effects of distractor strength, cues and miscues, and probe–target distance, plus minimal effects of word frequency on comprehension (unlike semantic dementia patients with degradation of conceptual knowledge). This supports a component process account of semantic cognition in which retrieval is shaped by control processes, and confirms that deficits in SA patients reflect difficulty controlling semantic retrieval.
Nurses' handoff and patient safety culture in perinatal care units
Authors: Yu Mi , Lee Hyang Yuol , Sherwood Gwen , Kim EunMan 
Published: January 2018

Aim and objectivesTo examine nursing handoff, identify causes of handoff errors, evaluate current methods of handoff and determine the factors associated with handoff evaluation in delivery rooms and neonatal units of hospitals in South Korea.BackgroundHandoff is a critical communication process in clinical settings. Less attention has been paid to the handoff practice to assure safe perinatal care in hospitals.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsA total of 291 nurses participated in the study. They completed a set of self‐reporting questionnaires containing five instruments that evaluated demographic data and current handoff strategies, experience of handoff error, causes of handoff error, perception of patient safety culture and handoff evaluation. The responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and stepwise regression modelling.ResultsPerception of patient safety culture was positively related to handoff evaluation, while experience and causes of handoff error were negatively related to handoff evaluation. A regression analysis showed that degree of cooperation among departments and units, reasonable communication and processes, and frequency of reported medical errors were positively related to handoff evaluation and the lack of documented guidelines or checklists was negatively associated with handoff evaluation.ConclusionsThis study suggests that hospitals should develop a standardised handoff checklist according to documented guidelines, promote cooperation among hospital units and departments, enhance communication and clarify work processes to achieve safer care to create an affirmative culture that encourages reporting of errors to keep patients safe.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlights the importance of standardising handoff process and systems, promoting communication and cooperating with each other to foster patient safety culture in perinatal care units.
Effects of vaginal progesterone for maintenance tocolysis on uterine electrical activity
Authors: Lucovnik Miha , Trojner Bregar Andreja , Bombac Lea , Gersak Ksenija , Garfield Robert E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThe effectiveness of vaginal progesterone for maintenance tocolysis after arrested preterm labor remains controversial. Myometrial contractility can be assessed objectively and non‐invasively after progesterone treatment by monitoring uterine electromyography (EMG). We examined the effects of vaginal progesterone on uterine EMG after successful acute tocolysis.MethodsThis was a randomized, double‐blind, single‐center study performed between 2012 and 2015. Thirty women who experienced preterm labor between 24 0/7 and 33 6/7 weeks were randomly allocated to groups administered either 400 mg vaginal progesterone or a placebo 48 h after acute tocolysis. EMG measurements were taken prior to and 1 h and 2 h following treatment. Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare EMG power density spectrum peak frequency and peak amplitude, propagation velocity of EMG signals, and duration and number of EMG bursts in 30 min recordings between the groups (P < 0.05).ResultsEMG propagation velocity was higher in patients receiving the placebo compared to those treated with progesterone at 1 h (27.83 ± 10.66 vs 15.60 ± 2.94 cm/s) and 2 h (26.97 ± 13.39 vs 15.12 ± 2.58 cm/s) following treatment (P = 0.001). PDS peak frequencies were higher in the placebo compared to the progesterone group at 2 h following treatment (0.54 ± 0.11 vs 0.44 ± 0.06 Hz; P = 0.003).ConclusionsTreatment of 400 mg of vaginal micronized progesterone as maintenance tocolysis significantly reduces the propagation velocity of electrical signals within the myometrium and is associated with a shift toward lower uterine electrical signal frequencies.
Primary Biliary Cholangitis in British Columbia First Nations: Clinical features and discovery of novel genetic susceptibility loci
Authors: Asuri Sirisha , McIntosh Sarah , Taylor Valerie , Rokeby Andrew , Kelly James , Shumansky Karey , Field Lanora Leigh , Yoshida Eric M. , Arbour Laura 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsPrimary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease characterized by destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts, portal inflammation and cirrhosis. Although rare in most populations, it is prevalent and often familial in British Columbia First Nations. We hypothesized that major genetic factors increased the risk in First Nations.MethodsIn all, 44 individuals with Primary Biliary Cholangitis and 61 unaffected relatives from 32 First Nations families participated. Family history and co‐morbidities were documented. Medical records were reviewed and available biopsies were re‐reviewed by our team pathologist. Genotyping was performed on DNA from 36 affected persons and 27 unaffected relatives using the Affymetrix Human Mapping 500K Array Set. MERLIN software was used to carry out multipoint parametric and nonparametric linkage analysis. Candidate genes were identified and entered into InnateDB and KEGG software to identify potential pathways affecting pathogenesis.ResultsIn all, 34% of families were multiplex. Fifty per cent of cases and 33% of unaffected relatives reported other autoimmune disease. Three genomic regions (9q21, 17p13 and 19p13) produced LOD scores of 2.3 or greater suggestive of linkage, but no single linkage peak reached statistical significance. Candidate genes identified in the three regions suggested involvement of IL17, NFκB, IL6, JAK‐STAT, IFNγ and TGFβ immune signalling pathways. Specifically, four genes—ACT1, PIN1, DNMT1 and NTN1—emerged as having roles in these pathways that may influence Primary Biliary Cholangitis pathogenesis.ConclusionsOur whole genome linkage study results reflect the multifactorial nature of Primary Biliary Cholangitis, support previous studies suggesting signalling pathway involvement and identify new candidate genes for consideration.
Show Me the Argument: Empirically Testing the Armchair Philosophy Picture
Authors: Ashton Zoe , Mizrahi Moti 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMany philosophers subscribe to the view that philosophy is a priori and in the business of discovering necessary truths from the armchair. This paper sets out to empirically test this picture. If this were the case, we would expect to see this reflected in philosophical practice. In particular, we would expect philosophers to advance mostly deductive, rather than inductive, arguments. The paper shows that the percentage of philosophy articles advancing deductive arguments is higher than those advancing inductive arguments, which is what we would expect from the vantage point of the armchair philosophy picture. The results also show, however, that the percentages of articles advancing deductive arguments and those advancing inductive arguments are converging over time and that the difference between inductive and deductive ratios is declining over time. This trend suggests that deductive arguments are gradually losing their status as the dominant form of argumentation in philosophy.
Victims' Stories: A Call to Care
Authors: Westlund Andrea C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn her book Victims' Stories and the Advancement of Human Rights, Diana Meyers offers a careful analysis of victims' stories as a narrative genre, and she argues that stories in this genre function as a call to care: they both depict a moral void and issue a moral demand, thereby fostering the development of a culture of human rights. This article, while finding Meyers's articulation of this idea compelling, questions Meyers's account of how victims' stories do their moral work. Whereas Meyers argues that victims' stories are complete narratives, characterized by a distinctive form of closure, it suggests that the moral power of victims' stories may lie in part in their open‐endedness or lack of closure. In telling their stories, victims engage their audiences in a new moral relationship and implicitly give them a role to play in bringing about the moral (and narrative) closure they seek.
Impact of training on intensive care providers’ attitudes and knowledge regarding limitation of life‐support treatment and organ donation after circulatory death
Authors: Lomero Maria del Mar , Jiménez‐Herrera María F. , Llaurado‐Serra Mireia , Bodí María A. , Masnou Nuria , Oliver Eva , Sandiumenge Alberto 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe limitation of life‐sustaining treatment is common practice in critical care units, and organ donation after circulatory death has come to be included as an option within this care plan. Lack of knowledge and misunderstandings can raise barriers between health‐care providers (e.g., confusion about professional roles, lack of collaboration, doubts about the legality of the process, and not respecting patients' wishes in the decision‐making process). The aim of the present study was to determine the knowledge and attitudes of intensive care physicians and nurses before and after a multidisciplinary online training program. A cross‐sectional study was performed, and comparisons between the two groups were made using a χ2‐test for categorical data and unpaired t‐test or Mann–Whitney rank sum test for continuous data according to its distribution. Training benefited both professional categories, helping nurses to be more open‐minded and willing to collaborate, while physicians became more aware of nurses' presence and the need to collaborate with them.
P2Y2R deletion ameliorates sialadenitis in IL‐14α‐transgenic mice
Authors: Woods LT , Camden JM , Khalafalla MG , Petris MJ , Erb L , Ambrus JL , Weisman GA 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveInterleukin‐14α‐transgenic (IL‐14αTG) mice develop an autoimmune exocrinopathy with characteristics similar to Sjögren's syndrome, including sialadenitis and hyposalivation. The P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) for extracellular ATP and UTP is upregulated during salivary gland inflammation (i.e., sialadenitis) where it regulates numerous inflammatory responses. This study investigated the role of P2Y2Rs in autoimmune sialadenitis in the IL‐14αTG mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome.Materials and MethodsIL‐14αTG mice were bred with P2Y2R−/− mice to generate IL‐14αTG × P2Y2R−/− mice. P2Y2R expression, lymphocytic focus scores, B‐ and T‐cell accumulation, and lymphotoxin‐α expression were evaluated in the submandibular glands (SMG) along with carbachol‐stimulated saliva secretion in IL‐14αTG, IL‐14αTG × P2Y2R−/−, and C57BL/6 control mice at 9 and 12 months of age.ResultsGenetic ablation of P2Y2Rs in IL‐14αTG mice significantly reduced B and T lymphocyte infiltration of SMGs. However, reduced sialadenitis did not restore saliva secretion in IL‐14αTG × P2Y2R−/− mice. Decreased sialadenitis in IL‐14αTG × P2Y2R−/− mice correlated with decreased lymphotoxin‐α levels, a critical proinflammatory cytokine associated with autoimmune pathology in IL‐14αTG mice.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that P2Y2Rs contribute to the development of salivary gland inflammation in IL‐14αTG mice and may also contribute to autoimmune sialadenitis in humans.
Jasmonic and salicylic acid response in the fern Azolla filiculoides and its cyanobiont
Authors: de Vries Sophie , de Vries Jan , Teschke Hendrik , von Dahlen Janina K. , Rose Laura E. , Gould Sven B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPlants sense and respond to microbes utilizing a multilayered signalling cascade. In seed plants, the phytohormones jasmonic and salicylic acid (JA and SA) are key denominators of how plants respond to certain microbes. Their interplay is especially well‐known for tipping the scales in plants' strategies of dealing with phytopathogens. In non‐angiosperm lineages, the interplay is less well understood, but current data indicate that it is intertwined to a lesser extent and the canonical JA/SA antagonism appears to be absent. Here, we used the water fern Azolla filiculoides to gain insights into the fern's JA/SA signalling and the molecular communication with its unique nitrogen fixing cyanobiont Nostoc azollae, which the fern inherits both during sexual and vegetative reproduction. By mining large‐scale sequencing data, we demonstrate that Azolla has most of the genetic repertoire to produce and sense JA and SA. Using qRT‐PCR on the identified biosynthesis and signalling marker genes, we show that Azolla is responsive to exogenously applied SA. Furthermore, exogenous SA application influenced the abundance and gene expression of Azolla's cyanobiont. Our data provide a framework for JA/SA signalling in ferns and suggest that SA might be involved in Azolla's communication with its vertically inherited cyanobiont.
Influence of hypercholesterolemia on serum antibodies against oxidized LDL in children and adolescents
Authors: Garoufi Anastasia , Marmarinos Antonios , Vraila Venetia‐Maria , Dimou Stamatina , Pagoni Athanasia , Vorre Styliani , Paraskakis Irene , Gourgiotis Dimitrios 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL; oxLDL) appears to play a key role in the early development of atherosclerosis. Increased serum antibodies against the oxLDL (anti‐oxLDL antibodies) have been found in adults with atherosclerotic disease, as well as in healthy adults. The clinical significance and its precise role (atherogenic or atheroprotective), however, have not yet been clarified. This aim of this study was therefore to evaluate anti‐oxLDL antibodies in healthy children and adolescents with and without hypercholesterolemia.MethodsThe study involved 312 subjects, aged 4–18 years, 141 with LDL cholesterol (LDL‐C) ≥130 mg/dL and 171 with acceptable LDL‐C (<110 mg/dL). Total anti‐oxLDL antibodies, total cholesterol, LDL‐C and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoproteins A1 and B, lipoprotein (a) and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein were measured in fasting serum. The anti‐oxLDL antibodies were measured on enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsAnti‐oxLDL antibodies were similar in the hypercholesterolemia and non‐hypercholesterolemia groups. Girls had significantly higher anti‐oxLDL antibodies compared with boys. There was no significant correlation of antibodies with age or body mass index. Increased apolipoprotein B was an important factor for lower anti‐oxLDL antibodies, while all other parameters had no significant association with anti‐oxLDL antibodies.ConclusionIn children and adolescents with hypercholesterolemia, total anti‐oxLDL antibodies cannot serve as a marker for risk for atherosclerosis or for future cardiovascular disease.