bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemandu Gelombang Optik Polimer pada Substrat Silikon Dioksida untuk Panjang Gelombang 1,55 µm
Authors: Mahmudin Dadin , Wijayanto Yusuf Nur 
Published: April 2017

Cahaya dapat dirambatkan dengan efektif melalui pandu gelombang optik untuk aplikasi teknologi komunikasi. Pandu gelombang optik memiliki beberapa struktur seperti struktur melingkar (serat optik) dan struktur planar (pandu gelombang optik persegi).Serat optik pada umumnya digunakan untuk komunikasi jarak jauh dan pandu gelombang optik persegi digunakan untuk komunikasi jarak pendek. Dalam tulisan ini, dibahas pandu gelombang optik persegi dengan menggunakan bahan polimer pada substrat silikon dioksida untuk panjang gelombang optik 1,55 µm. Bahan polimer digunakan sebagai inti (core) dari pandu gelombang optik. Silikon dioksida dan udara digunakan sebagai selubung (cladding). Bahan polimer digunakan sebagai inti karena nilai indeks biasnya lebih besar dibanding material lain yang digunakan sebagai selubung. Analisis pandu gelombang optik dihitung dengan menggunakan software Wolfram Mathematica yang berdasarkan pada metode Marcatili dan persamaan Maxwell. Distribusi medan dan mode dispersi dari pemandu gelombang optik telah diperoleh untuk panjang gelombang optik 1,55 µm. Moda operasi dari pandu gelombang optik dapat dikontrol dengan mengatur ukuran panjang dan lebar dari inti. Analisis dan hasil pandu gelombang optik dibahas secara rinci.Pandu gelombang optik menggunakan bahan polimer pada substrat silikon dioksida dapat digunakan untuk rangkaian optik terpadu dan perangkat penginderaan optik.
The influence of hydrophylic polymers on the release rate of calcium dobesilate in hydrogel formulation assessed in vitro using porcine ear skin
Authors: Wojcik-Pastuszka Dorota , Lisik Anna , Twarda Maria , Berkowski Ryszard , Musial Witold 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A shortage of available experimental data exists in the available bibliography on the release rate of calcium dobesilate (CD) from hydrogel formulations. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of selected hydrophilic nonionic polymers and anionic polymers on the release rate of CD from formulation provided for dermal application, as compared to the reference product in the market. The work utilized excised pork skin, while, Methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and anionic polymers (copolymers of acrylic acid) were used as CD carriers. The release study was executed by the pharmacopoeial paddle method, with extraction cells and fresh excised porcine skin as a membrane. CD in aqueous acceptor fluid was quantified by UV-VIS spectrometry at 300 nm. Subsequently, the kinetic curves were fitted to a zero-order kinetics model, a first-order kinetics model, a second-order kinetics model, as well as to the Higuchi model. The work saw that porcine ear skin influences the release pattern of the CD, compared to the artificial membrane. In the study, the evaluated formulations with MC, polyacrylic acid (PA) and polyacrylate crosspolymer 11 (PC-11) deliver over 60% of the active component (AC), within 250 min, through the excised porcine ear skin, to the acceptor compartment. Moreover, the release observed via porcine ear skin to the aqueous acceptor compartment is congenial to zero-order or first-order kinetics. In addition, the formulations prepared on the basis of MC and PA appear to control AC delivery, independently of actual concentration of AC.
Serum leptin concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Malecha-Jedraszek Arleta , Burska Agata , Matyjaszek-Matuszek Beata , Donica Helena 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
With the increasing importance of early type 2 diabetes (DM2) and obesity detection, it is useful to reevaluate leptin role in these conditions. Our study aimed at investigating circulating leptin concentrations in a group of patients with DM2, and at assessing in detail whether leptin concentrations correlate with selected biochemical, clinical parameters and markers of systemic inflammation in patients with DM2 and in healthy volunteers. In our work, we analysed samples and data drawn from 71 patients aged 61.4 ± 11.7 years, who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, as well as from a healthy control group (HC) consisting of 51 healthy subjects with a mean age of 57.8 ± 13.7 years. Therein, the concentration of leptin in the DM2 patients was significantly higher than in the HC (p < 0.01), with median value of 16.59 (IQR 8.58-33.39) ng/ml in the DM2, vs median value of 6.66 (IQR 4.52-21.40) ng/ml in the HC. In the analysis of variance, higher leptin concentrations were revealed in the DM2 group as compared to the HC, and this figure remained significant after adjusting for gender and age (p < 0.001). Moreover, it was independent of HOMA-IR (p = 0.003). However, the differences in leptin levels between the groups disappeared when additional adjustments for anthropometric parameters (BMI, waist circumference) were applied (p = 0.088). Beyond the aforementioned, significant positive correlations were found in the DM 2 group between leptin level and CRP (r=0.256; p < 0.05) and IL-6 (r = 0.345; p < 0.01). Among the selected variables, only gender and BMI were included in the predictive model explaining the variability of leptin, and, in total, were responsible for 72.6% of the original variation of the studied adipocytokine. The results of this study have led to conclusion that leptin may participate in the complex pathogenesis of DM2 and be a predictor of the development of this disease. As higher concentrations of leptin coexist with obesity, and this situation correlates positively with markers of inflammation (CRP, IL-6), leptin level, hence, should be considered in the pathogenesis of DM2.
The incidence of oral dryness in people over 65 years living in Lublin
Authors: Kamińska-Pikiewicz Katarzyna , Bachanek Teresa , Chałas Renata 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Saliva plays an important part in naturally maintaining oral homeostasis. Dry mouth or 'xerostomia', is a serious problem connected with decreased saliva secretion which considerably limits the quality of life in elderly people. The aim of the study was the assessment of the subjective oral dryness in the oral mucosa in people over 65 living in Lublin, Poland. The study was conducted among 240 people aged 65 to 96. The patients were placed into two groups: I - 117 residents of nursing homes, II - 123 people living with their families. Assessment of the subjective oral dryness taking into account the place of residence, sex and drug administration was performed based on a questionnaire survey. In the group of nursing homes residents, 32.48% of the surveyed experienced subjective oral dryness, while among the seniors living with their families, 33.33% reported this kind of discomfort. The conducted analysis revealed that oral dryness was more common amongst women than men, and it can be very often a side-effect of administered medicine drugs.
Back pain and physical activity: Students of the Medical University of Lublin
Authors: Lis-Sochocka Marta , Chylinska-Wrzos Patrycja , Wawryk-Gawda Ewelina , Bulak Kamila , Jodlowska-Jedrych Barbara 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
At the present time, back pain and posture problems affect a growing number of young people. This is probably due to a changing lifestyle which has led to less physical activity. The aims of our study were to evaluate the prevalence of pain associated with the spine, as well as to ascertain the relationship of these symptoms with the degree of physical activity among a group of students of the Medical University of Lublin. The research group consisted of 301 students (201 women and 100 men) aged between 19 and 27 years. The survey was performed at the turn of the year 2014/2015.
Based on an anonymous questionnaires, we found that treatment and advice obtained at the faulty posture and/or orthopedic clinic benefited slightly more than 32% of all respondents. In this group, about 20% were women, while among men, it was a little over 12%. Physical therapy to treat back problems was also entered into by about 29% of the respondents, while 5% of students undertook such treatment very frequently. What is more, 89% of all respondents stated they regularly attend physical education classes. Moreover, more than 81% of all students surveyed practiced some sport, in this group - about 51% of the respondents stating so were women, and a little over 29% were men. Although medical students are a group of people with high health issue awareness, they are not deprived of problems related to the musculoskeletal system.
Therapeutic management of an injury of the upper incisor within complete root formation
Authors: Mielnik-Błaszczak Maria , Struska Anna , Rudnicka-Siwek Katarzyna , Warsz Magdalena , Stachurski Piotr , Pels Elżbieta , Wróbel Rafał 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A 9.5 year-old patient, following an accident, suffered a comminuted lateral fracture of the root of tooth 21 at the neck level. The treatment consisted of immobilizing and maintaining tooth vitality. The presented case provides a basis for the conclusion that premature radical, surgical and endodontic actions should not always be performed.
A hierarchy in the family of real surjective functions
Authors: Fenoy-Muñoz Mar , Gámez-Merino José Luis , Muñoz-Fernández Gustavo A. , Sáez-Maestro Eva 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This expository paper focuses on the study of extreme surjective functions in ℝℝ. We present several different types of extreme surjectivity by providing examples and crucial properties. These examples help us to establish a hierarchy within the different classes of surjectivity we deal with. The classes presented here are: everywhere surjective functions, strongly everywhere surjective functions, κ-everywhere surjective functions, perfectly everywhere surjective functions and Jones functions. The algebraic structure of the sets of surjective functions we show here is studied using the concept of lineability. In the final sections of this work we also reveal unexpected connections between the different degrees of extreme surjectivity given above and other interesting sets of functions such as the space of additive mappings, the class of mappings with a dense graph, the class of Darboux functions and the class of Sierpiński-Zygmund functions in ℝℝ.
Etching and ellipsometry studies on CL-VPE grown GaN epilayer
Authors: Puviarasu P. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The surface morphological characteristics of wet chemical etched GaN layers grown at different temperatures on (0 0 0 1) sapphire substrates by Chloride-Vapor Phase Epitaxy (Cl-VPE) have been studied using optical microscope. Significant surface morphology changes have been observed in correlation to the growth temperature and etching time. Also optical properties of the as grown and high-energy silicon (Si) ion irradiated gallium nitride (GaN) epilayers were studied using monochromatic ellipsometry. The effect of ion fluences on the refractive index of the GaN has been investigated and it has been found to decrease with an increase of ion fluence. This decrease is attributed to irradiation-induced defects and polycrystallization which plays an important role in determining the optical properties of silicon (Si) ion irradiated GaN layers.
Effect of electron beam injection on boron redistribution in silicon and oxide layer
Authors: Qin Shiqiang , Tan Yi , Li Jiayan , Jiang Dachuan , Wen Shutao , Shi Shuang 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The behavior of boron redistribution in silicon with and without oxide layer after electron beam injection (EBI) was investigated. Special defect shapes were generated on the surface of bare and oxidized silicon wafers. Secondary ion mass spectrometer was used to measure the boron profile. The results showed that after long EBI time, boron tended to be induced from both sides of the transition region between the oxide layer and silicon. For the sample without oxide layer after EBI, boron tended to diffuse towards the surface and its concentration obviously reduced inside the silicon. The results of the study show the potential use of the process in removing boron impurity in silicon.
Investigation on optical, electrical and etching properties of 2-aminopyridinium 4-aminobenzoate: A phase matchable organic single crystal for optoelectronic device applications
Authors: Chandra L. , Chandrasekaran J. , Perumal K. , Babu B. , Jayaramakrishnan V. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNLO active 2-aminopyridinium 4-aminobenzoate (APAB) single crystals were successfully grown by the standard slow evaporation technique. The crystallinity of the grown crystals was analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic studies were also performed for the identification of different modes present in the compound. The UV-Vis absorption and transmittance spectra were recorded for the grown crystal and the optical band gap was calculated. Birefringence and etching studies were also carried out. The dielectric study showed that the dielectric constant decreased with an increase in frequency. The photoconductivity study revealed its positive photoconducting nature. Theoretical HOMO LUMO investigations were also made for the crystal. The relative SHG efficiency of the material was investigated by the Kurtz and Perry powder technique. The phase matching property of the crystal was studied through the SHG dependence of average particle sizes.
Morphologies of nanostructured bismuth sulphide and Mn (II) doped bismuth sulphide nanoparticles: characterization and application
Authors: Anasane Nishant , Ameta Rakshit 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Different morphologies of bismuth sulphide (Bi2S3) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized at room temperature using wet chemical method. The properties of bismuth sulphide (Bi2S3) nanoparticles can be controlled by different amounts of Mn2+ dopant. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by several techniques, such as high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction (ED), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The nanoparticles (Bi2S3) were found to have excellent activity for the UV light assisted decolorization of methyl violet dye and also helped to speed up the redox reaction of

Fe

(

CN

)

6

3
−

${\rm{Fe}}\left( {{\rm{CN}}} \right)_6^{3 - }$

and

S
2

O
3

2
−

${{\rm{S}}_2}{\rm{O}}_3^{2 - }$

. The reactions were monitored through UV-Vis spectroscopy.
A privacy-preserving parallel and homomorphic encryption scheme
Authors: Min Zhaoe , Yang Geng , Shi Jingqi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn order to protect data privacy whilst allowing efficient access to data in multi-nodes cloud environments, a parallel homomorphic encryption (PHE) scheme is proposed based on the additive homomorphism of the Paillier encryption algorithm. In this paper we propose a PHE algorithm, in which plaintext is divided into several blocks and blocks are encrypted with a parallel mode. Experiment results demonstrate that the encryption algorithm can reach a speed-up ratio at about 7.1 in the MapReduce environment with 16 cores and 4 nodes.
Do retrato à caricatura: a figuração da personagem histórica em Saramago e Assis Brasil
Authors: Bettiol Maria Regina Barcelos 
Published: April 2017

O presente ensaio analisa, através de uma analogia entre a pintura e a literatura, a figuração da personagem histórica nos romances História do Cerco de Lisboa de José Saramago e A Margem Imóvel do Rio de Luiz Antonio de Assis Brasil, demonstrando que na passagem do romance histórico tradicional para a metaficcção historiográfica, essa categoria de personagem perde a sua força representativa ficando em segundo plano na narrativa. Se no romance histórico tradicional encontramos um retrato da personagem histórica, na metaficção historiográfica existe uma deformação sobre o plano estético isto é, a tendência em representá-la de forma caricatural.********************************************************************From portrait to caricature: the figuration of the historical characterin Saramago and Assis BrasilAbstract: This essay examines, through an analogy between painting and literature, the figuration of the historical character in two novels (José Saramago’s The History of the Siege of Lisbon and Luiz Antonio de Assis Brasil’s A Margem Imóvel do Rio). It shows that in the passage from the traditional historical novel to the “historiographic metafiction” this kind of character loses its representative force and it becomes less important in the narrative. If in the traditional historical novel we find a portrait of the historical character, in historiographic metafiction” there is a deformation on the aesthetic level, that is to say, a tendency to represent it in caricature form.Keywords: character; figuration; historical novel; metafiction.
Edições portuguesas das obras de Casimiro de Abreu
Authors: Pereira Elsa 
Published: April 2017

Em 1856, com apenas dezassete anos de idade, o escritor brasileiro Casimiro de Abreu firmou em Lisboa um contrato de edição, cedendo ao editor Fernandes Lopes os direitos do drama Camões e o Jau, bem como a reedição das poesias que pretendia levar à estampa no Brasil. Após a morte do poeta, sucederam-se em Portugal as reedições d’ As Primaveras, não só pela mão do impressor lisboeta que assinara o contrato (1864, 1867), mas também por iniciativa de outros editores que, entre 1866 e 1948, publicaram consecutivas edições acrescentadas do livro. Ostentando a designação de “Obras Completas”, algumas destas edições passaram a adotar, a partir de 1871, uma nova disposição dos textos, conforme proposta por Joaquim Norberto, no volume da Garnier que pretendeu reunir a totalidade da produção casimiriana.********************************************************************Portuguese editions of Casimiro de Abreu’s worksAbstract: In 1856, the 17-year-old Brazilian author Casimiro de Abreu signed a publishing contract with the Portuguese publisher Fernandes Lopes in Lisbon. This agreement assigned publishing rights for the drama Camões e o Jau, as well as the republication of Abreu’s poetry, which was intended to be done in Brazil. After the poet’s death, several editions of As Primaveras were printed in Portugal, not only by the publisher that signed the contract (1864, 1867), but also by other book printers, who illegally published several augmented editions of the book, between 1866 and 1948. Identified as "Complete Works", some of these editions have adopted a new disposition of the texts, as proposed by Joaquim Norberto in the Garnier’s 1870 volume, which intended to collect Casimiro de Abreu’s opera omnia.Keywords: editions; Portugal; copyright; Casimiro; Abreu.
João Dias e Luís Bernardo Honwana: considerações sobre a representação do conceito de trabalho nos contos “Godido” e “As mãos dos pretos”
Authors: Rocha e Silva Rejane Vecchia , De Mattos Tatiane Reghini 
Published: April 2017

Este artigo apresenta, em perspectiva comparatista, uma análise de dois contos moçambicanos, “Godido”, de João Dias, e “As Mãos dos Pretos”, de Luís Bernardo Honwana, a partir, principalmente, da representação das condições de trabalho do negro na sociedade moçambicana submetida ao processo colonial português.********************************************************************João Dias and Luis Bernardo Honwana: consideration of the representation of the concept of work in the tales "Godido" and “As mãos dos pretos”Abstract: The article attempts to develop a comparative analysis between two short stories, “Godido”, by João Dias, and “As Mãos dos Pretos”, by Luis Bernardo Honwana, from mainly the representation of black working conditions in Mozambican society submitted to the Portuguese colonial process.Keywords: João Dias; Luís Bernardo Honwana; Mozambican literature; work force.
Minoría modelo: Astucia antropófaga de tlaxcaltecas en la Nueva España
Authors: Montañez Pico Daniel 
Published: April 2017

El mito que presenta a los tlaxcaltecas como traidores oscurece un aspecto fundamental de su historia colonial: se trató de uno de los pueblos indígenas que mejor supieron aprender y utilizar en su favor los códigos y lógicas sociales, jurídicas y políticas de los conquistadores castellanos. Exploraremos en un primer lugar cómo los tlaxcaltecas participaron en la construcción de su imagen como “perfectos vasallos” de la corona, en segundo lugar su uso estratégico de las embajadas diplomáticas a Castilla y, en último lugar, aspectos relacionados con sus simbologías pictóricas. Todo ello bajo el horizonte de la “astucia” (Simón Rodríguez) y la “antropofagia” (Oswald de Andrade), como formas de supervivencia propias de nuestros pueblos.
Epidemiological characteristics and clinical outcome of HIV-related tuberculosis in a population of TB patients in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Olowe Olugbenga A. , Makanjuola Olufunmilola B. , Adekanmi Adeniyi S. , Adefioye Olusola J. , Olowe Rita A. 
Published: April 2017

Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of death from infectious disease globally with its impact more dramatic in resource limited settings. Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who also develop tuberculosis represent a significant challenge to TB control. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of TB—HIV coinfection and pattern of infection among TB patients. We also compared treatment outcome among coinfected patients with those not coinfected.
A six-year retrospective review of records of patients managed at the Tuberculosis Treatment Center of the LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, South-Western Nigeria from January 2009 to December 2014 was carried out.
One hundred and five (26.3%) of the 399 TB patients seen in the study period were coinfected with HIV. About 10% of the subjects had extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Treatment failure was significantly worse among patients who had both HIV and TB compared with those who had TB only (49.5% vs. 32%, p = 0.001). Death rate was also higher in the coinfected individuals implying a poorer clinical outcome.
High prevalence of TB—HIV coinfection and poor treatment outcome in this group of individuals, though predictable, calls for a more concerted effort in the management of TB—HIV coinfection.
Cuestionario de actitudes frente a situaciones de agravio. Resultados preliminares de su adaptación al ámbito escolar
Authors: Caminos Verónica , Oros Laura B. 
Published: April 2017

<p class="TEXTO"><span lang="ES">Se adaptó al ámbito docente el <em>Cuestionario Argentino de Actitudes frente a Situaciones de Agravio </em>(Moreno y Pereyra, 2000). Para su validación preliminar se trabajó con 143 docentes argentinos. Los ítems resultaron discriminativos y se agruparon, a partir de un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, en tres dimensiones que están en línea con la teoría: Pasividad (α = .90), Agresividad (α = .95) y Prosocialidad (α = .92). La validez constructiva también se puso a prueba mediante el estudio de la hipótesis que afirma que los docentes con alto <em>Burnout</em> tienen mayor tendencia a responder con actitudes negativas en situaciones de agravio en el contexto áulico. Estos resultados también estuvieron en línea con la teoría (<em>p</em> &lt; .001). A partir de estos análisis se concluye que la versión preliminar del instrumento es apta para ser sometida a estudios psicométricos más exigentes y de mayor alcance. </span></p><p class="TEXTO"><span lang="ES"> </span></p>