bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The utility of ETV1, ETV4 and ETV5 RNA in‐situ hybridization in the diagnosis of CIC–DUX sarcomas
Authors: Smith Steven C , Palanisamy Nallasivam , Martin Elizabeth , Almenara Jorge , McHugh Jonathan B , Choi Eun‐Young K , Lucas David R , Betz Bryan L , Thomas Dafydd , Patel Rajiv M 
Published: December 2016

AimsA recently characterized group of undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas harbours fusions of the genes CIC and DUX4. Studies report a distinctive gene expression profile for these sarcomas, including expression of E26 transformation‐specific (ETS) family proto‐oncogenic transcription factors ETV1, ETV4 and ETV5. To test the utility of an ancillary diagnostic technique for these tumours, we evaluated chromogenic RNA in‐situ hybridization assays for ETV1, ETV4 and ETV5 as diagnostic adjuncts for this emerging group of highly malignant sarcomas.Methods and resultsWe tested six confirmed CIC–DUX4 sarcomas and 105 lesions in the differential, including 48 Ewing sarcomas for expression of ETV1, ETV4 and ETV5, scoring expression utilizing a previously validated scale. ETV1 and ETV4 were positive in five of six cases, while ETV5 was positive in six of six. No Ewing sarcoma or other sarcoma tested showed coexpression of these transcripts, while one ETV1/ETV4/ETV5 triple positive previously unclassified round cell sarcoma was identified as harbouring a CIC rearrangement by break‐apart fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH).ConclusionWe identified overexpression of ETV1, ETV4 and ETV5 transcripts in situ in CIC–DUX4 sarcomas using a robust assay in routine archival sections. One previously unclassified round cell sarcoma showed ETV1/4/5 positivity, and was proved to harbour a CIC rearrangement by break‐apart FISH. The sensitivity and specificity observed with our in‐situ hybridization assay implies potential utility as an ancillary diagnostic technique, particularly when faced with limited biopsy samples.
PHENOMENOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY IN FOUCAULT'S “INTRODUCTION TO BINSWANGER'S DREAM AND EXISTENCE“: A MIRROR IMAGE OF THE ORDER OF THINGS?
Authors: HAN‐PILE BÉATRICE 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, I examine the relation between phenomenology and anthropology by placing Foucault's first published piece, “Introduction to Binswanger's Dream and Existence“ in dialectical tension with The Order of Things. I argue that the early work, which so far hasn't received much critical attention, is of particular interest because, whereas OT is notoriously critical of anthropological confusions in general, and of “Man” as an empirico‐transcendental double in particular, IB views “existential anthropology” as a unique opportunity to establish a new and fruitful relation between transcendental forms and empirical contents. This is because IB focuses on a specific object, “Menschsein” (the “being of man”), which is neither the transcendental subject nor an empirical being (a member of the class Homo sapiens). Thus for the young Foucault, existential anthropology occupies a fertile methodological middle ground between transcendental approaches (exemplified in IB by Heideggerian phenomenology) and empirical forms of analysis (exemplified by Freudian psychoanalysis). I first interpret anthropology in the light of phenomenology and defend the view that Menschsein is neither a transcendental structure nor a concrete particular, but the instantiation of the first in the second. I argue that for anthropology to yield the full theoretical benefits Foucault claims for it, the particular cases of Menschsein examined in existential analysis have to be regarded as exemplary. I then read phenomenology back in the light of anthropology and examine how, for Foucault, the analysis of Menschsein in dreams benefits fundamental ontology by affording us a clearer view of some of the main existentiale than the focus on everyday waking experience in Being and Time. Finally, I turn to the limits and difficulties of this early position and my reading of it, and to their consequences for Foucault's later view.
VANISHING POINT: LES MOTS ET LES CHOSES, HISTORY, AND DIAGNOSIS
Authors: MONOD JEAN‐CLAUDE 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTA difficult point in The Order of Things lies in the historical situation of the archaeologist himself, especially when he speaks about the present. Is it possible to have an adequate view of the episteme in which you stand? Is not the very concept of episteme that of an unconscious determination of the space of knowledge, so that it would be an illusion to claim to be able to “objectify” one's own epistemological situation? And from what point of view can a part of this situation be considered “backward”? This article tries to show that the idea of the “death of man” can be read on two levels: first, it is possible to reconstruct the argument of an appearance and disappearance of man in the space of knowledge from the seventeenth century to the twentieth century; but then, one has to discuss the way Foucault combined his history of knowledge with a philosophical polemics against some contemporary figures. And we can wonder if Foucault's diagnosis has lost any relevance for the present.
THE ORDER OF THINGS: AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF WHAT?
Authors: DESCOMBES VINCENT 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTFoucault's Les mots et les choses has been translated as The Order of Things. The title of the book, both in French and in English, would remain enigmatic without the subtitle: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. But which disciplines are the human sciences to be accounted for by the archaeologist? To this question, there seem to be three possible answers. According to Foucault, such sciences as biology, political economy, and linguistics are indeed scientific disciplines that study human beings, but they are not human sciences. On the other hand, psychology and sociology do count as human sciences, although they are not really genuine sciences. As to structural disciplines (Lacanian psychoanalysis, Lévi‐Straussian anthropology, structural linguistics), Foucault does not see them as successful human sciences, since he calls them “counter‐human sciences.” In other words, the situation of the human sciences seems to be messy from the point of view of a philosopher defending the possibility of radical reflection against psychologism and more generally anthropologism.Foucault rejects Merleau‐Ponty's claim to have found a way out of anthropologism through the so‐called phenomenological reduction. One can read Foucault's archaeology of the human sciences as an attempt to offer an alternative way for radical thinking. His archaeology turns out to be an archaeology of ourselves insofar as it applies to archaeologists themselves, whatever knowledge they have gained of their object, the discontinuous “systems of thought” succeeding one another in history.The success of such an archaeology of ourselves will rest on the interpretation of what Foucault has rightly called the “return of language” at the center of our intellectual concerns.
OUT OF THEIR DEPTHS: “MORAL KINDS” AND THE INTERPRETATION OF EVIDENCE IN FOUCAULT'S MODERN EPISTEME
Authors: STARK LAURA 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTMichel Foucault's The Order of Things is uniquely relevant to historians because it is about the contradictions of writing history in the present day, and because it makes claims absent from other books often seen as similar, such as Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. For Order, the present‐day modern episteme is characterized by unconscious elements that connect Man through time. These unconscious elements are only vaguely discernible to himself and are deformed in the process of representation, that is, by putting experience into words. At the same time, history‐writing presumes to pull these unconscious elements out of the depths of human experience, time, and space. These assumptions create contradictions for historians in the present day and warrant particular interpretations of evidence that override alternative plausible interpretations. The inescapable contradictions of writing history in the modern episteme are most apparent in histories of what philosopher Ian Hacking calls “moral kinds,” as shown by an extended analysis of a recent history article on medical experimentation on prisoners. The overarching aim of this essay is to identify stronger, weaker, and usefully plausible interpretations of historical evidence—and, inspired by Foucault, to extend the imaginative possibilities for writing history.
MicroRNA‐155 is a biomarker of T‐cell activation and immune dysfunction in HIV‐1‐infected patients
Authors: Jin C , Cheng L , Höxtermann S , Xie T , Lu X , Wu H , Skaletz‐Rorowski A , Brockmeyer NH , Wu N 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesMicroRNA‐155 (miR‐155) regulates T‐cell differentiation and activation. It has also been associated with HIV infection. However, it remains unclear whether miR‐155 is related to the T‐cell response in HIV‐infected individuals (e.g. T‐cell activation and exhaustion).MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study involving 121 HIV‐1‐infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and 43 HAART‐naïve patients. MiR‐155 levels in the peripheral blood were determined by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (PCR). T‐cell immune activation, exhaustion, and homeostasis were measured by determining the expression of CD38, programmed death 1 (PD‐1) and CD127 via flow cytometry.ResultsThe levels of miR‐155 in total peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells from HIV‐1‐infected patients were increased (P < 0.01). Nonresponders and HAART‐naïve patients also exhibited a higher percentage of CD8+CD38+ T cells and a lower percentage of CD4+CD127+ and CD8+CD127+ T cells (P < 0.05). We also found higher levels of PD‐1 expression on the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of HIV‐1‐infected patients (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that miR‐155 levels in the peripheral blood of HIV‐1‐infected patients are increased and associated with T‐cell activation. Therefore, miR‐155 is a potential biomarker of the immune response following HIV‐1 infection.
CBCT uses in clinical endodontics: the effect of CBCT on the ability to locate MB2 canals in maxillary molars
Authors: Parker J. , Mol A. , Rivera E. M. , Tawil P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo determine whether a CBCT volume can aid in the location of MB2 canals in maxillary molars.MethodologyThis prospective clinical study involved 50 patients that needed RCT on a maxillary molar. The teeth where the MB2 was located upon access with the dental operating microscope received routine root canal treatment, and teeth where MB2 was not located had a CBCT volume made after instrumenting the located canals. At the second appointment, the clinician used the aid of the CBCT volume and troughing to attempt to locate MB2.ResultsThe clinicians located MB2 upon initial access in 70% (n = 35) of teeth. In the remaining 15 teeth, CBCT and troughing located MB2 53% of the time in that group (8/15 teeth). Overall, MB2 was located in 86% of the 50 first and second maxillary molars (maxillary first molars 90% and maxillary second molars 73%). A total of 15 CBCT volumes were made, and of these teeth, 33% of MB2 canals (5/15 teeth) were visualized on the CBCT volume.ConclusionsThis prospective clinical study showed that the effectiveness of using CBCT to locate additional MB2 canals in maxillary molars appears limited. The use of the dental operating microscope in conjunction with selective troughing and CBCT imaging allowed clinicians to locate 90% (maxillary first molars) and 73% (maxillary second molars) of MB2 canals.
Effect of MTA particle size on periapical healing
Authors: Torabinejad M. , Moazzami S. M. , Moaddel H. , Hawkins J. , Gustefson C. , Faras H. , Wright K. , Shabahang S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo examine the effect of reduction in MTA particle size on dento‐alveolar and osseous healing in dogs.MethodologyRoot canals of 24 mandibular premolars in four 2‐year‐old beagles were prepared and filled with gutta‐percha and sealer. Two to four weeks later, during periapical surgery, the root‐end cavity preparations in these teeth were filled with either grey ProRoot MTA or modified (reduced particle sizes with faster setting time) MTA. The animals were sacrificed 4 months later. Degrees of inflammation, type of inflammatory cells, fibrous connective tissue adjacent to the root‐end filling materials, cementum formation over the resected roots and root‐end filling materials and bone healing were examined. Data were analysed using the McNemar test.ResultsNo significant differences in healing of periapical tissues were found when comparing ProRoot MTA to a modified MTA containing reduced particle sizes.ConclusionReducing the particle sizes of MTA did not impact its biological properties.
Effect of different storage media on root dentine composition and viability of fibroblasts evaluated by several assay methods
Authors: Reis M. V. P. , Souza G. L. , Moura C. C. G. , Soares P. B. F. , Soares C. J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo perform multiparametric analysis of the effects of soya milk (SM), whole milk (WM) and Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) on the viability of fibroblasts (HGF). The study also aimed to evaluate the influence of these solutions on bovine root dentine according to OH− and on the surface.MethodologyThe HGF cytotoxicity was determined according to XTT, NR and SRB assays at 1, 3 and 6 h. Root dentine fragments were assessed by Fourier infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer before and after immersion in the solutions for the same periods. The positive control group included cells and tooth fragments maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), and the negative control included tooth fragments that were kept dry. Data were analysed using anova and Tukey's test.ResultsNo significant difference was found in cell viability evaluated by XTT (P > 0.05). Using the NR assay, WM and HBSS had significantly lower cell viability compared to the positive control group at 6 h (P < 0.05). SM had similar cell viability to the positive control group at all periods evaluated when assessed using all three tests (P > 0.05). A significant difference was found in values of OH− for the negative control group at 1 h (P = 0.002).ConclusionsSoya milk promoted better cell viability, whereas on dentine composition, the solutions behaved similarly. The association of different assay methods is promising for improving cell viability analysis. The 1‐h time‐point is a crucial factor in the prognosis of dental replantation because the teeth remain more hydrated and help maintain cell viability.
Effect of lipopolysaccharide stimulation on stem cell‐associated marker‐expressing cells
Authors: Sueyama Y. , Kaneko T. , Ito T. , Okiji T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo examine the effect of inflammatory stimuli on the proliferation/migration of dental pulp stem cells by assessing the responses of stem cell‐associated marker‐expressing cells in rat incisors to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in vivo.MethodologyThe crowns of rat incisors were removed, and the coronal pulp chamber was instrumented. After haemostasis, an absorbent point soaked in LPS was inserted into the cavity, which was then sealed. At 3, 12, and 48 h after LPS application, pulp tissues were subjected to double‐immunoperoxidase labelling using two of the antibodies against microtubule‐associated protein 1B (MAP1B), CD146 and STRO‐1. For gene expression analysis, total RNA was extracted, and mRNA expression levels of stem cell factor (SCF), stromal‐derived factor 1 (SDF‐1), CD146 and MAP1B were analysed with real‐time polymerase chain reaction. SCF and SDF‐1 protein levels were also assessed by Western blot. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance, followed by Mann–Whitney U‐tests with Bonferroni correction.ResultsThe density of MAP1B+CD146+ cells and STRO‐1+CD146+ cells in LPS‐stimulated pulp tissue increased significantly at 3 h and exhibited a four‐ to sixfold increase at 48 h as compared with the density observed in normal pulp tissue (P < 0.05). The expression of CD146 mRNA in LPS‐stimulated pulp showed significant upregulation at 3 h as compared with that observed in normal pulp tissue (P < 0.05). MAP1B, SCF and SDF‐1 mRNA levels also showed significant upregulation at 3 and 72 h (P < 0.05), and Western blot analysis revealed increases in SCF and SDF‐1 following LPS stimulation.ConclusionsLPS‐stimulated pulp tissue exhibited upregulation of stem cell differentiation/migration markers and showed increases in the number of MAP1B+CD146+ and STRO‐1+CD146 stem‐like cells.
Compositional‐driven multiferroic properties in samarium substituted LaFeO3‐PbTiO3 solid solutions
Authors: Sharma Vandana , Singh Anupinder , Singh Lakhwant , Singh Mandeep , Mishra Sanjay Kumar 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSamarium‐substituted LaFeO3‐PbTiO3 solid solutions Pb1−xLax/2Smx/2Ti1−xFexO3 were synthesized within the solid solubility limit 0.10≤x≤0.30. The structural analysis reveals the phase transition from tetragonal to cubic with the variation in composition. Refined lattice and structural parameters vary gradually with composition, and the structural data correlate very well with the microstructural, Raman, and dielectric data. Magnetic ordering in the solid solutions continuously increases with the increase in Fe content. Electric polarization hysteresis loops reveal enhancement in remnant polarization with addition of La/Sm.
Pressure‐less joining of C/SiC and SiC/SiC by a MoSi2/Si composite
Authors: Gianchandani Pardeep Kumar , Casalegno Valentina , Smeacetto Federico , Ferraris Monica 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA MoSi2/Si composite obtained in situ by reaction of silicon and molybdenum at 1450°C in Ar flow is proposed as pressure‐less joining material for C/SiC and SiC/SiC composites. A new “Mo‐wrap” technique was developed to form the joining material and to control silicon infiltration in porous composites. MoSi2/Si composite joining material infiltration inside coated and uncoated C/SiC and SiC/SiC composites, as well as its microstructure and interfacial reactions were studied. Preliminary mechanical strength of joints was tested at room temperature and after aging at service temperatures, resulting in interlaminar failure of the composites in most cases.
Robocasting of silicon nitride with controllable shape and architecture for biomedical applications
Authors: Zhao Santuan , Xiao Wei , Rahaman Mohamed N. , O'Brien David , Seitz‐Sampson Jacob W. , Sonny Bal B. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSilicon nitride (Si3N4) implants are used in spinal fusion surgery and are under development for use in other biomedical applications. The ability to create Si3N4implants with anatomically relevant shapes and controllable architecture can be beneficial in these applications. In the present study, an aqueous paste composed of Si3N4powder and sintering additives was prepared with the requisite rheology and formed into structures with different geometry and architecture using a robocasting technique. Sintering and hot isostatic pressing produced an almost fully dense Si3N4phase (density=3.23±0.01 g/cm3) with a fibrous microstructure. Four‐point bending tests of as‐fabricated dense beams showed a flexural strength of 552±68 MPa. Together, these results indicate that robocasting combined with sintering and hot isostatic pressing can provide a viable manufacturing approach to create Si3N4implants with controllable shape and architecture for applications in orthopedic and dental surgery.
In situ shrinkage measurement during pressure‐assisted sintering of low temperature co‐fired ceramic panels
Authors: Mieller Bjoern , Rabe Torsten , Rangelov Ventzeslav 
Published: December 2016

AbstractShrinkage measurements of miniaturized low temperature co‐fired ceramics (LTCC) samples under load typically lead to collapsing of the samples, which hampers the characterization of shrinkage up to full densification. In this paper, a measurement setup is presented, which allows for in situ shrinkage measurements of practical, large LTCC panels during pressure‐assisted sintering in a sintering press. The shrinkage behavior of two commercial LTCC systems (GreenTape 951 and Ceramtape GC) has been measured under loads of up to 1 MPa. No crushing of the specimens was observed and reproducible characterization of shrinkage up to full densification has been performed. Based on comparisons to thermomechanical analyzer measurements in this and other studies, it was found that the in situ approach is much better suited for shrinkage characterization of LTCC under load. Reproducibility and accuracy of the method are discussed and practical as well as more academic applications are proposed.
Effects of chitosan and zirconia on setting time, mechanical strength, and bioactivity of calcium silicate‐based cement
Authors: Kamali Ali , Javadpour Sirus , Javid Bahar , Kianvash Rad Niloofar , Naddaf Dezfuli Sina 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this research, we aimed at improving the setting properties and biocompatibility of the mineral trioxide aggregate‐like cements while maintaining the main chemical formula. Consequently, chitosan and zirconium oxide were added to the cement instead of bismuth oxide to improve the mechanical behavior, limit the possible toxicity, and enhance the bioactivity of the cements. Adding zirconia resulted in a shorter setting time and adding chitosan contributed to the setting time, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility at the same time. Thus, cements containing both chitosan and zirconia had the shortest setting time, highest compressive strength, and apatite‐forming ability.
A novel flow cytometry‐based method of analyzing Heinz bodies
Authors: Palasuwan D. , Palasuwan A. , Charoensappakit A. , Noulsri E. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIntroductionHeinz bodies are important to diagnosing and managing patients. However, microscopic examination of Heinz bodies has several disadvantages, demonstrating the need for a better method. We explored the potential use of flow cytometry to examine Heinz bodies.MethodsWhole‐blood samples were collected from patients deficient in G6PD and healthy volunteers. Acetylphenylhydrazine was used to induce formation of Heinz bodies in red blood cells (RBCs). Then, RBCs positive for Heinz bodies were examined using a FACSCanto II cytometer.ResultsRBCs treated with acetylphenylhydrazine formed Heinz bodies and emitted a broad spectrum of fluorescence that could be detected by flow cytometry. The maximum emission of fluorescence was observed at 45 min after the incubation with acetylphenylhydrazine. In addition, the fluorescence emitted was stable for at least 72 h. The flow cytometer could detect the RBCs positive for Heinz bodies even if they made up as little as 0.1% of the total RBC population. Furthermore, the percentage and number, respectively, of RBCs positive for Heinz bodies in G6PD‐deficient patients and normal donors exhibited a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 68.9 ± 27.5 vs. 50.9 ± 28.6 and 96 014 ±35 732 cells/μL vs. 74 688 ± 36 514 cells/μL.ConclusionHeinz bodies induced by acetylphenylhydrazine emit fluorescence, and this fluorescence could be examined using flow cytometry. Our study suggests the potential use of the developed method to investigate the formation of Heinz bodies in clinical samples.