bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving accuracy and usability of growth charts: case study in Rwanda
Authors: Brown Suzana , McSharry Patrick 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesWe evaluate and compare manually collected paper records against electronic records for monitoring the weights of children under the age of 5.SettingData were collected by 24 community health workers (CHWs) in 2 Rwandan communities, 1 urban and 1 rural.ParticipantsThe same CHWs collected paper and electronic records. Paper data contain weight and age for 320 boys and 380 girls. Electronic data contain weight and age for 922 girls and 886 boys. Electronic data were collected over 9 months; most of the data is cross-sectional, with about 330 children with time-series data. Both data sets are compared with the international standard provided by the WHO growth chart.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe plan was to collect 2000 individual records for the electronic data set—we finally collected 1878 records. Paper data were collected by the same CHWs, but most data were fragmented and hard to read. We transcribed data only from children for whom we were able to obtain the date of birth, to determine the exact age at the time of measurement.ResultsMean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) provide a way to quantify the magnitude of the error in using a given model. Comparing a model, log(weight)=a+b log(age), shows that electronic records provide considerable improvements over paper records, with 40% reduction in both performance metrics. Electronic data improve performance over the WHO model by 10% in MAPE and 7% in MAE. Results are statistically significant using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test at p<0.01.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that using modern electronic tools for health data collection is allowing better tracking of health indicators. We have demonstrated that electronic records facilitate development of a country-specific model that is more accurate than the international standard provided by the WHO growth chart.
Bereavement by suicide as a risk factor for suicide attempt: a cross-sectional national UK-wide study of 3432 young bereaved adults
Authors: Pitman Alexandra L , Osborn David P J , Rantell Khadija , King Michael B 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesUS and UK suicide prevention strategies suggest that bereavement by the suicide of a relative or friend is a risk factor for suicide. However, evidence is lacking that the risk exceeds that of any sudden bereavement, is specific to suicide, or applies to peer suicide. We conducted the first controlled UK-wide study to test the hypothesis that young adults bereaved by suicide have an increased risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt compared with young adults bereaved by other sudden deaths.DesignNational cross-sectional study.SettingStaff and students at 37 UK higher educational institutions in 2010.Participants3432 eligible respondents aged 18–40 exposed to sudden bereavement of a friend or relative after the age of 10.ExposuresBereavement by suicide (n=614), by sudden unnatural causes (n=712) and by sudden natural causes (n=2106).Primary outcome measuresIncident suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.FindingsAdults bereaved by suicide had a higher probability of attempting suicide (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.65; 95% CI 1.12 to 2.42; p=0.012) than those bereaved by sudden natural causes. There was no such increased risk in adults bereaved by sudden unnatural causes. There were no group differences in probability of suicidal ideation. The effect of suicide bereavement was similar whether bereaved participants were blood-related to the deceased or not. The significant association between bereavement by suicide and suicide attempt became non-significant when adding perceived stigma (AOR=1.11; 95% CI 0.74 to 1.67; p=0.610). When compared with adults bereaved by sudden unnatural causes, those bereaved by suicide did not show significant differences in suicide attempt (AOR=1.48; 95% CI 0.94 to 2.33; p=0.089).ConclusionsBereavement by suicide is a specific risk factor for suicide attempt among young bereaved adults, whether related to the deceased or not. Suicide risk assessment of young adults should involve screening for a history of suicide in blood relatives, non-blood relatives and friends.
Preliminary experience with Precipitating Hydrophobic Injectable Liquid (PHIL) in treating cerebral AVMs
Authors: Samaniego Edgar A , Kalousek Vladimir , Abdo German , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo describe our early experience in treating cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with the new Precipitating Hydrophobic Injectable Liquid (PHIL) embolic material.Materials and methodsBetween June and August 2015 five patients with cerebral AVMs were treated at two tertiary university hospitals. PHIL was used as complementary treatment to Onyx liquid embolic material or as the sole endovascular treatment.ResultsFive patients (average age 39 years (range 19–73)) with ruptured plexiform AVMs were treated. The group included one patient with Spetzler–Martin grade II AVMs, three grade III, and one grade IV. One grade II and two grade III AVMs were cured. A total of nine pedicles were embolized with an average of two pedicles per session. There were no procedural complications. One patient had a seizure after embolization but a brain CT scan showed no hemorrhage.ConclusionsPHIL is a new embolic agent that can be used for the treatment of cerebral AVMs.
Molecular Pathways: Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations in Cancer
Authors: Clark Owen , Yen Katharine , Mellinghoff Ingo K. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
IDH1 and IDH2 are homodimeric enzymes that catalyze the conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and concomitantly produce reduced NADPH from NADP+. Mutations in the genes encoding IDH1 and IDH2 have recently been found in a variety of human cancers, most commonly glioma, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chondrosarcoma, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The mutant protein loses its normal enzymatic activity and gains a new ability to produce the “oncometabolite” R(-)-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2-HG). R-2-HG competitively inhibits α-KG–dependent enzymes which play crucial roles in gene regulation and tissue homeostasis. Expression of mutant IDH impairs cellular differentiation in various cell lineages and promotes tumor development in cooperation with other cancer genes. First-generation inhibitors of mutant IDH have entered clinical trials, and have shown encouraging results in patients with IDH-mutant AML. This article summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the role of mutant IDH in tumorigenesis. Clin Cancer Res; 22(8); 1837–42. ©2016 AACR.
Comprehensive Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Multigene Signatures in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Yi-Rong , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Xu Xiao-En , Hu Xin , Yu Ke-Da , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Purpose: By integrating expression profiles of mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), we tried to develop and validate novel multigene signatures to facilitate individualized treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients.
Experimental Design: We analyzed 165 TNBC samples and 33 paired normal breast tissues using transcriptome microarrays. Tumor-specific mRNAs and lncRNAs were identified and correlated with patients' recurrence-free survival (RFS). Using Cox regression model, we built two multigene signatures incorporating mRNAs and lncRNAs. The prognostic and predictive accuracy of the signatures were tested in a training set of 165 TNBC patients and validated in other 101 TNBC patients.
Results: We successfully developed an mRNA and an integrated mRNA–lncRNA signature based on eight mRNAs and two lncRNAs. In the training set, patients in the high-risk group were more likely to suffer from recurrent disease than patients in the low-risk group in both signatures [HR, 10.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.53–39.47, P = 0.001; HR = 4.46, 95% CI, 1.34–14.91, P = 0.015 for integrated signature and mRNA signature, respectively). Results were validated in the validation set (P = 0.019 and 0.030, respectively). In addition, time-dependent receiver operating curve showed that the integrated mRNA–lncRNA signature had a better prognostic value than both the eight-mRNA-only signature and the clinicopathologic risk factors in both sets. We also found through interaction analysis that patients classified into the low-risk group by the integrated mRNA–lncRNA signature had a more favorable response to adjuvant taxane chemotherapy.
Conclusions: The multigene signature we developed can accurately predict clinical outcome and benefit of taxane chemotherapy in TNBC patients. Clin Cancer Res; 22(7); 1653–62. ©2016 AACR.
Care Transitions After Acute Myocardial Infarction for Transferred-In Versus Direct-Arrival Patients
Authors: Vora Amit N. , Peterson Eric D. , Hellkamp Anne S. , Sutton Nadia R. , Panacek Edward , Thomas Laine , de Lemos James A. , Wang Tracy Y. 
Published: January 2016

Background—
Many patients in the United States require transfer from one hospital to another for acute myocardial infarction (MI) care. How well these transferred-in patients are transitioned back to their local community is unknown.

Methods and Results—

We used linked Medicare claims data to examine postdischarge outcomes of 39 136 patients with acute MI aged ≥65 years discharged alive from 451 US hospitals in Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry-Get With the Guidelines. Multivariable Cox modeling was used to compare the likelihood of outpatient clinic follow-up and risks of all-cause mortality and all-cause or cardiovascular readmission at 30 days post MI between transferred-in and direct-arrival patients. From 2007 to 2010, 14 060 of 39 136 patients (36%) required interhospital transfer for acute MI care, traveling a median of 43 miles (interquartile range, 27–68 miles; 77.6 km [interquartile range, 48.2–122.6 km]). Compared with those arriving directly, transferred-in patients with MI were slightly younger (median age, 73 versus 74;
P
<0.01) but less likely to have previous MI, heart failure, and previous revascularization than direct-arrival patients. Relative to direct-arrival patients, those transferred-in had a lower likelihood of outpatient follow-up within 30 days post discharge (risk-adjusted incidence, 69.9% versus 78.2%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.87–0.92) and higher adjusted 30-day all-cause and cardiovascular readmission risks (14.5% versus 14.0%; HR
all-cause
, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.15 and 9.5% versus 9.1%; HR
cardiovascular
, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.22). In contrast, risk-adjusted 30-day mortality was similar between transferred-in and direct arrivals (1.6% versus 1.6%; HR, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.86–1.27).

Conclusions—
Transferred-in patients with acute MI are less likely to have outpatient clinic follow-up within 30 days and more likely to be readmitted within the first 30 days post discharge compared with direct-arrival patients. These results indicate room for improvement in the safe and seamless transition of care for transferred patients with MI traveling back to their home environments.
SIRT3–AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activation by Nitrite and Metformin Improves Hyperglycemia and Normalizes Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Lai Yen-Chun , Tabima Diana M. , Dube John J. , Hughan Kara S. , Vanderpool Rebecca R. , Goncharov Dmitry A. , St. Croix Claudette M. , Garcia-Ocaña Adolfo , Goncharova Elena A. , Tofovic Stevan P. , Mora Ana L. , Gladwin Mark T. 
Published: January 2016

Background—
Pulmonary hypertension associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (PH-HFpEF) is an increasingly recognized clinical complication of metabolic syndrome. No adequate animal model of PH-HFpEF is available, and no effective therapies have been identified to date. A recent study suggested that dietary nitrate improves insulin resistance in endothelial nitric oxide synthase null mice, and multiple studies have reported that both nitrate and its active metabolite, nitrite, have therapeutic activity in preclinical models of pulmonary hypertension.

Methods and Results—
To evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of nitrite in metabolic syndrome associated with PH-HFpEF, we developed a 2-hit PH-HFpEF model in rats with multiple features of metabolic syndrome attributable to double-leptin receptor defect (obese ZSF1) with the combined treatment of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor blocker SU5416. Chronic oral nitrite treatment improved hyperglycemia in obese ZSF1 rats by a process that requires skeletal muscle SIRT3-AMPK-GLUT4 signaling. The glucose-lowering effect of nitrite was abolished in SIRT3-deficient human skeletal muscle cells, and in SIRT3 knockout mice fed a high-fat diet, as well. Skeletal muscle biopsies from humans with metabolic syndrome after 12 weeks of oral sodium nitrite and nitrate treatment (IND#115926) displayed increased activation of SIRT3 and AMP-activated protein kinase. Finally, early treatments with nitrite and metformin at the time of SU5416 injection reduced pulmonary pressures and vascular remodeling in the PH-HFpEF model with robust activation of skeletal muscle SIRT3 and AMP-activated protein kinase.

Conclusions—
These studies validate a rodent model of metabolic syndrome and PH-HFpEF, suggesting a potential role of nitrite and metformin as a preventative treatment for this disease.
Cortical Venous Filling on Dynamic Computed Tomographic Angiography
Authors: van den Wijngaard Ido R. , Wermer Marieke J.H. , Boiten Jelis , Algra Ale , Holswilder Ghislaine , Meijer Frederick J.A. , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Velthuis Birgitta K. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. , van Walderveen Marianne A.A. 
Published: January 2016

Background and Purpose—
Venous flow in the downstream territory of an occluded artery may influence patient prognosis after ischemic stroke. Our aim was to study cortical venous filling (CVF) in a time-resolved manner with dynamic computed tomographic angiography and to assess the relationship with clinical outcome.

Methods—
Patients with a proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion underwent noncontrast CT and whole-brain CT perfusion/dynamic CT angiography within 9 hours after stroke-onset. We defined poor outcome as a modified Rankin Scale score of ≥3. Association between the extent and velocity of CVF and poor outcome at 3 months was analyzed with Poisson-regression. Prognostic value of optimal CVF (maximum opacification of cortical veins) in addition to age, stroke severity, treatment, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score, cerebral blood flow, and collateral status was assessed with logistic regression and summarized with the area under the curve.

Results—

Eighty-eight patients were included, with a mean age of 67 years. By combining the extent and velocity of optimal CVF, we observed a decreased risk of poor outcome in patients with good and fast optimal CVF, risk ratio of 0.5 (95% confidence interval, 0.3–0.7). Extent and velocity of optimal CVF had additional prognostic value (area under the curve, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.77–0.98;
P
<0.02) compared with a model without CVF information.

Conclusions—
The combination of extent and velocity of optimal CVF, as assessed with dynamic CT angiography, is useful to identify patients with acute middle cerebral artery stroke at higher risk of poor clinical outcome at 3-month follow-up.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg
and
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NTR1804 and NCT00880113, respectively.
Sex or power? The function of male displays in rhesus macaques
Authors: Milich Krista M. , Maestripieri Dario 
Published: January 2016

Male behavioral displays (e.g., branch-shaking) are common across Anthropoidea, but their function remains unclear. We examined free-ranging rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, to test three major hypotheses for the function of male displays: (1) mate attraction, (2) mate guarding and (3) male–male dominance competition. Focal and ad libitum behavioural data were recorded for 21 adult males across 9 groups during the mating season. Display rates were calculated for each male in each context (i.e., agonistic, mating). In stable groups, males with high mating success displayed more during consortships than in other contexts and displays were more likely to follow than to precede copulation, whereas males in unstable groups were more likely to displays in agonistic contexts. These results suggest that mate guarding and male–male dominance competition are the primary functions of male display behaviours in rhesus macaques.
Description of Aphelenchoides huntensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) isolated from Pinus sylvestris in western Iran
Authors: Esmaeili Mehrab , Fang Yiwu , Li Hongmei , Heydari Ramin 
Published: January 2016

Aphelenchoides huntensissp. n. is described and illustrated from wood and bark samples of a dead scots pine in Kermanshah Province, western Iran. The new species has a body length of 507-673 μm (females) and 636-640 μm (males). The cuticle is weakly annulated with four lateral lines. Lip region offset. The stylet is 9.5 (9.0-10.0) μm long with small basal swellings. The excretory pore is locatedcaone body diam. posterior to the metacorpus valve. The spicules are large with the dorsal limb 37 or 38 μm long (n = 2), and have a prominent rostrum and rounded apex. The female tail is conical, the terminus having a complicated step-like projection, usually with many tiny nodular protuberances. The male tail bears six (2 + 2 + 2) caudal papillae and a well-developed mucron. The new species belongs to the Group 2 category ofAphelenchoidesspecies. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S and 28S D2-D3 regions of rDNA confirmed its status as a new species.
Low-Atmosphere Drifting Balloons: Platforms for Environment Monitoring and Forecast Improvement
Authors: Doerenbecher A. , Basdevant C. , Drobinski P. , Durand P. , Fesquet C. , Bernard F. , Cocquerez P. , Verdier N. , Vargas A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Balloons are one of the key observing platforms for the atmosphere. Radiosounding is the most commonly used technique and provides over a thousand vertical profiles worldwide every day. These data represent an essential cornerstone of data assimilation for numerical weather prediction systems. Although less common (but equally interesting for the in situ investigation of the atmosphere), drifting boundary layer pressurized balloons (BLPBs) offer rare observational skills. These balloons collect meteorological and/or chemical measurements at isopycnal height as they drift in a quasi-Lagrangian way. The BLPB system presented in this paper was developed by the French Space Agency [Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES)] and has been used in field experiments focusing on precipitation in Africa [African Monsoon Multiscale Analysis (AMMA)] and the Mediterranean [Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX)] as well as on air pollution in India [Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX)] and the Mediterranean [Transport a Longue Distance et Qualite de l’Air dans le bassin Méditerraneen (TRAQA) and Chemistry–Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMeX)]. One important advantage of BLPBs is their capability to explore the lowest layers of the atmosphere above the oceans, areas that remain difficult to access. BLPB had a leading role in a complex adaptive observation system for the forecast of severe precipitation events. These balloons collected data in the marine environment of convective systems, which were assimilated in real time to improve the knowledge of the state of the atmosphere in the numerical prediction models of Météo-France.
The Extrapolation of Near-Surface Wind Speeds under Stable Stratification Using an Equilibrium-Based Single-Column Model Approach
Authors: Optis Michael , Monahan Adam 
Published: January 2016

AbstractClassical approaches to modeling the near-surface (i.e., below 200 m) wind profile are equilibrium based (i.e., no time evolution) and either lack a physical basis or are based on surface-layer physics. In this study, the limits of the equilibrium approach in stable stratification are further tested by applying the method within a more physically comprehensive single-column model (SCM) framework. The SCM considered here is a highly idealized momentum and temperature budget model that uses a range of different parameterizations of turbulent fluxes. A 10-yr observational dataset obtained from the 213-m Cabauw tower in the Netherlands is used to drive the SCM and to assess model performance. Results from this study demonstrate several limitations of this SCM-based equilibrium approach. The existence of two physically meaningful equilibrium solutions for a given value of the surface turbulent temperature flux (used as a lower boundary in the SCM) generally results in either a tendency to underestimate stratification or the breakdown of the model because of runaway cooling and collapsed turbulence. Different representations of the geostrophic wind profile accounting for baroclinic effects caused by the strong land–sea temperature gradient at Cabauw are shown to have only a modest influence on the mean wind profile. The local internal boundary layer (IBL) at Cabauw results in a strong tendency for the SCM to overestimate wind speeds in weakly to moderately stable conditions. In very stable conditions (where the IBL influence was low), the equilibrium approach remained limited because of its inability to account for time-evolving phenomena such as the inertial oscillation and the low-level jet.
Scale Interactions between the MJO and the Western Maritime Continent
Authors: Birch C. E. , Webster S. , Peatman S. C. , Parker D. J. , Matthews A. J. , Li Y. , Hassim M. E. E. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
State-of-the-art regional climate model simulations that are able to resolve key mesoscale circulations are used, for the first time, to understand the interaction between the large-scale convective environment of the MJO and processes governing the strong diurnal cycle over the islands of the Maritime Continent (MC). Convection is sustained in the late afternoon just inland of the coasts because of sea breeze convergence. Previous work has shown that the variability in MC rainfall associated with the MJO is manifested in changes to this diurnal cycle; land-based rainfall peaks before the active convective envelope of the MJO reaches the MC, whereas oceanic rainfall rates peak while the active envelope resides over the region. The model simulations show that the main controls on oceanic MC rainfall in the early active MJO phases are the large-scale environment and atmospheric stability, followed by high oceanic latent heat flux forced by high near-surface winds in the later active MJO phases. Over land, rainfall peaks before the main convective envelope arrives (in agreement with observations), even though the large-scale convective environment is only moderately favorable for convection. The causes of this early rainfall peak are strong convective triggers from land–sea breeze circulations that result from high surface insolation and surface heating. During the peak MJO phases cloud cover increases and surface insolation decreases, which weakens the strength of the mesoscale circulations and reduces land-based rainfall, even though the large-scale environment remains favorable for convection at this time. Hence, scale interactions are an essential part of the MJO transition across the MC.