bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
America as Assemblage of Placeways: Toward a Meshwork of Lifelines
Authors: Innis Robert E. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
In this article I examine whether and how America can be understood as an assemblage of placeways encompassing very different forms of temperament, patterns of action and feeling, and systems of viewing the world. I argue that the contemporary American landscape can no longer be seen as a composition of well-defined individual spaces but, rather, as zones of influence that are labile, with no sharp edges, subject to symbolic contestation and a wide range of expectations with material and symbolic consequences. These zones and places are matrices of energies, locating different forms of experience in people and giving rise to different existential preferences. Of particular importance are the contrasts between proximity and distance and between the space of nature and urban space as well as the development of a new sense of time as social organizing principle. It is proposed that we see America as a meshwork of intersecting lifelines rather than an assemblage of external accretions.
The Primordial Forms of Autopoiesis: It Is Self-Assemblage All the Way Down
Authors: Colapietro Vincent 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTShort of the universe in its entirety, there is not any whole that is not also a part, frequently in a dynamic, integral sense. Arthur Koestler coined the word holon to designate any part-whole. Even those parts that are seemingly mere constituents of some whole are themselves wholes to some extent. They have an integrity and identity of their own, even if their existence is apparently reducible to that of a constituent of a whole. If we take the multicellular organism as a paradigm of a dynamic holon, it seems obvious and undeniable that it is a whole as well as a part of any number of more encompassing wholes. But what is equally evident is that such a holon is self-assembling. Moreover, the processes of self-assemblage by which cells, organisms, entire populations, and countless other “beings” secure their existence are ones in which a logic of immanent dynamism and a logic of “external” support are both responsible for what is actually taking place.
Differences in pollination success between local and foreign flower color phenotypes: a translocation experiment withGentiana lutea(Gentianaceae)
Authors: Guitián Javier A. , Sobral Mar , Veiga Tania , Losada María , Guitián Pablo , Guitián José M. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe adaptive maintenance of flower color variation is frequently attributed to pollinators partly because they preferentially visit certain flower phenotypes. We tested whetherGentiana lutea—which shows a flower color variation (from orange to yellow) in the Cantabrian Mountains range (north of Spain)—is locally adapted to the pollinator community.MethodsWe transplanted orange-flowering individuals to a population with yellow-flowering individuals and vice versa, in order to assess whether there is a pollination advantage in the local morph by comparing its visitation rate with the foreign morph.ResultsOur reciprocal transplant experiment did not show clear local morph advantage in overall visitation rate: local orange flowers received more visits than foreign yellow flowers in the orange population, while both local and foreign flowers received the same visits in the yellow population; thus, there is no evidence of local adaptation inGentiana luteato the pollinator assemblage. However, some floral visitor groups (such asBombus pratorum,B. soroensis ancaricusandB. lapidarius decipiens) consistently preferred the local morph to the foreign morph whereas others (such asBombus terrestris) consistently preferred the foreign morph.DiscussionWe concluded that there is no evidence of local adaptation to the pollinator community in each of the twoG. luteapopulations studied. The consequences for local adaptation to pollinator onG. luteaflower color would depend on the variation along the Cantabrian Mountains range in morph frequency and pollinator community composition.
Seasonal effect for polar cap sunward plasma flows at strongly northward IMF Bz
Authors: Koustov A. V. , Yakymenko K. N. , Ponomarenko P. V. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe use Super Dual Auroral Radar Network data to study polar cap ionospheric flow under strongly dominant positive interplanetary magnetic field Bz component. We show that the near‐noon flow along the magnetic meridian is predominantly sunward in summer. The sunward velocity increase with intensification of the external driver (the reverse convection electric field) is also faster in summer, and the rate of the increase is slightly larger for the Southern Hemisphere. The sunward flows simultaneously detected in both hemispheres are faster in the summer hemisphere. In addition, while sunward flows are aligned with the midnight‐noon line in a winter hemisphere, they are oriented toward earlier magnetic local hours in a summer hemisphere.
Postemplacement dynamics of basaltic intrusions in the continental crust
Authors: Roman A. , Jaupart C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLaboratory experiments document the postemplacement behavior of mafic intrusions that spread at a density interface and founder as they become denser than their surroundings due to cooling and crystallization. All else being equal, the larger the intrusion volume, the farther the intrusion can spread and the smaller its aspect ratio is. The final aspect ratio is a function of a single dimensionless number analogous to the Rayleigh number of thermal convection. Once it is denser than its surroundings, the intrusion becomes unstable and may founder in two different regimes. At aspect ratios larger than about 0.4, the “teardrop” regime is such that the intrusion thickens in a central region, developing the shapes of a funnel and a pendant drop. At lower aspect ratios, another regime is observed, with thickening of the intrusion at the leading edge and thinning in a central region. The thick outer ring in turn becomes unstable into a set of teardrops and leads to an irregular horizontal outline. In one variant called the “jellyfish” regime, the thin central region develops a number of downwellings and upwellings in a Rayleigh‐Taylor‐like pattern. These instabilities may get arrested due to cooling as the intrusion and encasing rocks become too strong to deform. One would then be left with a funnel‐shaped residual body or a wide irregular one with thick peripheral lobes and a thinner central region. These different patterns can be recognized in upper crustal mafic intrusions.
Variability of upper‐ocean characteristics and tropical cyclones in the South West Indian Ocean
Authors: Mawren D. , Reason C. J. C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTrack and intensity are key aspects of tropical cyclone behavior. Intensity may be impacted by the upper‐ocean heat content relevant for TC intensification (known as Tdy) and barrier layer thickness (BLT). Here the variability of Tdy and BLT in the South West Indian Ocean and their relationships with tropical cyclones are investigated. It is shown that rapid cyclone intensification is influenced by large Tdy values, thick barrier layers and the presence of anticyclonic eddies. For TC generation in the South West Indian Ocean, the parameter Tdy was found to be important. Large BLT values overlay with large Tdy values during summer. Both fields are modulated by the westward propagation of Rossby waves, which are often associated with ENSO. For example, the 1997–1998 El Niño shows a strong signal in Tdy, SST, and BLT over the South West Indian Ocean. After this event, an increasing trend in Tdy occurred over most of the basin which may be associated with changes in atmospheric circulation. Increasing SST, Power Dissipation Index and frequency of Category 5 tropical cyclones also occurred from 1980 to 2010. To further examine the links between tropical cyclones, Tdy, and BLT, the ocean response to Category 5 Tropical Cyclone Bansi that developed near Madagascar during January 2015 was analyzed. Its unusual track was found to be linked with the strengthening of the monsoonal north westerlies while its rapid intensification from Category 2 to Category 4 was linked to a high‐Tdy region, associated with a warm core eddy and large BLT.
A robust optimal design for strictly positive realness in recursive parameter adaptation
Authors: Xiao Hui , Landau Ioan D. , Chen Xu 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis paper provides an optimization‐based approach to assure the strict positive real (SPR) condition in a set of recursive parameter adaptation algorithms (PAA). The developed algorithms and tools enable a multiobjective formulation of the SPR problem, creating new controls of the stability and parameter convergence in PAAs. In addition to assuring the SPR condition for global stability in PAAs, we provide an algorithmic solution for uniform convergence under performance constraints in PAAs. Several new aspects of parameter convergence were observed with the adoption of the algorithm in a narrow‐band identification problem. The proposed algorithm is verified in simulation and experiments on a precision motion control platform in advanced manufacturing.
Diarylprolinol as a Ligand for Enantioselective Alkynylation of Cyclic Imines
Authors: De Munck Lode , Monleón Alicia , Vila Carlos , Pedro José R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn easily accessible prolinol derived ligand, (S)‐bis(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(pyrrolidin‐2‐yl)methanol, has been efficiently applied in the catalytic enantioselective addition of terminal alkynes to cyclic imines using dimethylzinc (Me2Zn) under mild reaction conditions. The developed catalytic system led to chiral propargylic sulfamidates with high yields (up to 97%) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee).magnified image
Elucidating the Spatial Arrangement of Emitter Molecules in Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Films
Authors: Tonnelé Claire , Stroet Martin , Caron Bertrand , Clulow Andrew J. , Nagiri Ravi C. R. , Malde Alpeshkumar K. , Burn Paul L. , Gentle Ian R. , Mark Alan E. , Powell Benjamin J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe effect of varying the emitter concentration on the structural properties of an archetypal phosphorescent blend consisting of 4,4′‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)biphenyl and tris(2‐phenylpyridyl)iridium(III) has been investigated using non‐equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that mimic the process of vacuum deposition. By comparison with reflectometry measurements, we show that the simulations provide an accurate model of the average density of such films. The emitter molecules were found not to be evenly distributed throughout film, but rather they can form networks that provide charge and/or energy migration pathways, even at emitter concentrations as low as ≈5 weight percent. At slightly higher concentrations, percolated networks form that span the entire system. While such networks would give improved charge transport, they could also lead to more non‐radiative pathways for the emissive state and a resultant loss of efficiency.
Phosphonic acid functionalized siloxane crosslinked with 3‐glycidoxyproyltrimethoxysilane grafted polybenzimidazole high temperature proton exchange membranes
Authors: Qian Wei , Shen Chunhui , Gao Shanjun , Xiang Jingluan 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPhosphonic acid functionalized siloxane crosslinked with 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) grafted polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes are prepared by sol–gel process. The structure of the membranes is characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy. SEM images of the membranes show that the membranes are homogeneous and compact. The crosslinked membranes exhibit excellent thermal stability, chemical stability and mechanical property. The proton conductivity of the crosslinked membranes increases by an order of magnitude over range of 20 °C to 160 °C under anhydrous condition, which can reach 3.15 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 160 °C under anhydrous condition. The activation energy of proton conductivity for membranes decreases with increase of PBI, because the formation of hydrogen bond network between the phosphonic acid and the imidazole ring can enhance the continuity of hydrogen bond in the membrane. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44818.
Sulfuric acid treatment of ground tire rubber and its effect on the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene composites
Authors: Hernández Ernesto Hernández , Gámez José Francisco Hernández , Cepeda Lorena Farías , Muñoz Esthela Judith Chávez , Corral Florentino Soriano , Rosales Silvia Guadalupe Solís , Velázquez Guadalupe Neira , Morones Pablo González , Martínez Deidré I. Sánchez 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTGround tire rubber (GTR) was modified by sulfuric acid in order to improve its compatibility with and reinforcement of a polypropylene (PP) matrix. Polymer composites PP/GTR were prepared by melt mixing at different concentrations, with a maximum of 50 wt % of GTR. Studies by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface specific area by BET (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller), and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the untreated GTR and treated GTR, while the mechanical and thermal properties of the PP/GTR composites were assessed to understand how the surface treatment of GTR affected the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite PP/GTR. FTIR revealed the presence of sulfonic groups on the surface of sulfuric acid–treated GTR, and BET analyses showed an increase of about 625% in the specific surface area as a result of the high porosity produced by the treatment. In all composites containing treated GTR, a higher Young's modulus was obtained than for composites containing untreated GTR. Particularly, an increase of about 275% in the Young's modulus was obtained in composites with treated GTR (40 wt %) against that containing untreated GTR. However, a more significant reduction of the elongation at break was observed in composites containing treated GTR than in those containing untreated GTR. Also, an increase of the crystallization temperature of PP as a function of GTR was observed by differential scanning calorimetry, but the crystallinity of the composites was reduced by the addition of both untreated and treated GTR. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44858.
Preparation and characterization of transparent cellulose films using an improved cellulose dissolution process
Authors: Acharya Sanjit , Hu Yang , Moussa Hanna , Abidi Noureddine 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTEffective dissolution of cellulosic macromolecules is the first predominant step to prepare functional bio‐based materials with desirable properties. In this study, we developed an improved dissolution process using a freeze‐drying pretreatment to promote the dissolution of cellulose. Rheological measurements of cellulose solutions and physicochemical characterization of regenerated cellulose films (scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis) were performed. Cellulose solution prepared from 5% microcrystalline cellulose (w:v) in the solvent exhibits a Newtonian fluid character while cellulose solutions at higher concentrations show a pseudo‐plastic fluid behavior. Results from physicochemical characterization indicate that a freeze‐drying pretreatment step of cellulose leads to a complete dissolution at 5% concentration while only part of cellulose is dissolved at 10% and 15% concentrations. The results obtained indicated that the use of a freeze‐drying pretreatment step under mild conditions lead to a complete dissolution of cellulose at 5% concentration. The cellulose films prepared from 5% concentration exhibited desirable properties such as good optical transparency, crystallinity, and thermal stability. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44871.
Synthesis of a heat‐resistant DOPO derivative and its application as flame‐retardant in engineering plastics
Authors: Xie Mingchen , Zhang Shimin , Ding Yanfen , Wang Feng , Liu Peng , Tang Hanying , Wang Yintao , Yang Mingshu 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTA star‐shaped DOPO derivative (GL‐3DOPO, P content 10.8 wt %) was synthesized through a two‐step reaction involving glycerol, acryloyl chloride, and DOPO. The derivative demonstrated a great improvement of thermal decomposition temperature increased to 360 °C from 194 °C (under N2 atmosphere), promoting its application in thermoplastics of high processing temperature. When blended with engineering plastics including PET, PBT, PC, PA6, and PA66 at a GL‐3DOPO loading of 25 wt %, all the compounds reached the UL94 V‐0 level and increased limit oxygen index (LOI). In PET system, LOI raised from 22.8% to 35.4% with P 2.5 wt % and passed the V‐0 test with only 0.8 P wt %. Compact char layers were found in the PET system after LOI test, suggesting that GL‐3DOPO acted both in gas and condensed‐phase mode. All results indicated that GL‐3DOPO could be a potential flame‐retardant for engineering plastics. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44892.
Facile control of high temperature shape memory polymers
Authors: Qiu Xueying , Xiao Xinli , Kong Deyan , Zhang Wenbo , Ma Zhuo 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTGlass transition temperature (Tg) is crucial in determining application areas of high temperature shape memory polymers (SMPs), but some Tgs are difficult or uneconomic to be obtained. Here we introduce a facile way to prepare high temperature SMPs with controllable Tgs from 183 to 230 °C by copolymerization of polyimides, and relationships between Tgs and diamine components of the shape memory copolyimides agree with Fox Equation. These copolyimides can fix temporary shape and return to original shape nicely, and the possible mechanisms of their high shape fixity and shape recovery are analyzed on the basis of thermomechanical properties and molecular structures. The copolymerization of shape memory polyimides has offered an effective way to obtain high temperature SMPs with desired properties. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44902.
A poly(ethylene terephthalate) nonwoven sandwiched electrospun polysulfonamide fibrous separator for rechargeable lithium ion batteries
Authors: Peng Kun , Wang Biao , Ji Chengchang 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTA poly(ethylene terephthalate) nonwoven sandwiched electrospun polysulfonamide (PSA) fibrous separator was developed for application in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The poly(ethylene terephthalate) nonwoven served as a mechanical support and the PSA layers provided the separators with nanoporous structures. This novel composite separator possessed better thermal stability and electrolyte wettability than commercial polypropylene separator and the sandwiched nonwoven endowed the separator with an improved mechanical strength (17.7 MPa) compared to the pure electrospun PSA separator. The cells assembled with this composite separator displayed excellent discharge capacity (122.0 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles) and discharge C‐rate capacity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44907.
Uniaxial tensile and structural properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) films: The influence of heating and film thickness
Authors: Aksakal Baki , Yargı Önder , Şahinturk Utkan 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(vinyl alcohol) as pure or composite materials is widely used in the food and textile industries, andbiomedical applications due to some important properties such as uniaxial tensile, biocompatibility, and noncarcinogenicity. Investigation of the influence of the film thickness and heating on the uniaxial tensile, spectroscopic, and surface properties of PVA films investigated in this study is quite important for improving the properties of such materials and their applicability in different conditions. In this study, with the influence of heating, a necking behavior was observed at around 2% for thin films and 4–9% strain for thicker PVA films for which a kind of transition point at around 1–2% strain was observed. The mechanical strength of PVA films, strain at break, and Young's modulus were enhanced greatly as the temperature increased from 80 to around 110 °C, and then most of them decreased. The degree of crystallinity increased linearly with the heat temperature from around 36–40%. Although PVA thin films obtained a very smooth surface structure after being heated at 80 °C, with increasing heat temperature, the surface roughness of both thin and thick PVA films increased and the PVA thin films obtained more degraded film surface. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44915.
ENGAGE compatibilized HDPE/EPDM blends: Modification of some industrially pertinent properties and morphology upon incorporation of Mg(OH)2 filler and electron beam crosslinked network
Authors: Kumar Sharma Bhuwanesh , Ray Chowdhury Subhendu , Jha Atanu , Samanta Amit Kumar , Mahanwar Prakash , Sarma Kuppa Sivasankara 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTTo observe the effect of ENGAGE (a poly‐olefin elastomer) on compatibilization of industrially important incompatible blend, high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/ethylene‐propylene diene elastomer (EPDM), 15 wt % ENGAGE is incorporated into the system and the latter is found satisfactorily efficient as compatibilizer for the above system. To improve some industrially pertinent properties another strategies are also followed in addition, incorporation of magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and electron beam (EB) crosslinking into the system. The gel content was found to increase with radiation dose, EPDM content and Mg(OH)2 dispersion. ENGAGE interestingly increases the gel content that is, promotes crosslinking. It is unique that filler dispersion and crosslinked network formation maintain the compatibility of the ternary system, which is confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, mechanical properties, and scanning electron microscope. The compatibilization, Mg(OH)2 dispersion, and EB crosslinking improve the mechanical, thermo mechanical, flame retardant properties, and phase morphology considerably. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44922.
Acetylcholinesterase‐capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Controlled by the Presence of Inhibitors
Authors: Pascual Lluís , El Sayed Sameh , Marcos María D. , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Sancenón Félix 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTwo different acetylcholinesterase (AChE)‐capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), S1‐AChE and S2‐AChE, were prepared and characterized. MSNs were loaded with rhodamine B and the external surface was functionalized with either pyridostigmine derivative P1 (to yield solid S1) or neostigmine derivative P2 (to obtain S2). The final capped materials were obtained by coordinating grafted P1 or P2 with AChE′s active sites (to give S1‐AChE and S2‐AChE, respectively). Both materials were able to release rhodamine B in the presence of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) or neostigmine in a concentration‐dependent manner via the competitive displacement of AChE through DFP and neostigmine coordination with the AChE‘s active sites. The responses of S1‐AChE and S2‐AChE were also tested with other enzyme inhibitors and substrates. These studies suggest that S1‐AChE nanoparticles can be used for the selective detection of nerve agent simulant DFP and paraoxon.