bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics of atrial fibrillation‐related cardioembolic stroke in patients aged 80 years or older
Authors: Tanaka Koji , Yamada Takeshi , Torii Takako , Matsumoto Shoji , Yoshimura Takeo , Takase Kei‐ichiro , Wakata Yoshifumi , Nakashima Naoki , Kira Jun‐ichi , Murai Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimAtrial fibrillation (AF)‐related cardioembolic stroke is a serious problem in the aging society. The present study examined the clinical characteristics and outcomes of AF‐related cardioembolic stroke in patients aged ≥80 years.MethodsBetween September 2011 and April 2014, consecutive patients with ischemic stroke and AF were retrospectively extracted from the multicenter database. Clinical characteristics were compared between patients aged ≥80 years and <80 years. Multivariate cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidential intervals on 90‐day mortality for age of ≥80 years.ResultsA total of 253 patients aged ≥80 years (87 men, 86.4 ± 5.0 years) and 196 patients aged <80 years (134 men, 70.4 ± 7.1 years) were included. Patients aged ≥80 years were more frequently female, and more likely to have higher premorbid modified Rankin Scale score (mRS), lower body mass index, previous history of stroke, prior antiplatelet therapy, congestive heart failure, and persistent AF. Patients aged ≥80 years had higher initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and were more likely to have occlusion of the cervicocephalic arteries, but less likely to receive thrombolysis. Patients aged ≥80 years had a higher mRS and mortality after 3 months. Age of ≥80 years was a significant predictor of 90‐day mortality after adjustment for sex (hazard ratio 2.20, 95% confidential interval 1.25–4.09), but was no longer significant after further adjustment for other clinical characteristics and stroke severity.ConclusionsIn AF‐related cardioembolic stroke, patients aged ≥80 years had different clinical characteristics and poorer outcome compared with patients aged <80 years. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 708–713.
A Cross‐Sectional Clinic‐Based Study in Patients With Side‐Locked Unilateral Headache and Facial Pain
Authors: Prakash Sanjay , Rathore Chaturbhuj , Makwana Prayag , Dave Ankit 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo undertake the epidemiological evaluation of the patients presenting with side‐locked headache and facial pain in a tertiary neurology outpatient clinic.BackgroundSide‐locked unilateral headache and facial pain include a large number of primary and secondary headaches and cranial neuropathies. A diagnostic approach for the patients presenting with strictly unilateral headaches is important as many of these headache disorders respond to a highly selective drug. Epidemiological data may guide us to formulate a proper approach for such patients. However, the literature is sparse on strictly unilateral headache and facial pain.MethodsWe prospectively recruited 307 consecutive adult patients (>18 years) with side‐locked headache and facial pain presenting to a neurology outpatient clinic between July 2014 and December 2015. All patients were subjected to MRI brain and other investigations to find out the different secondary causes. The diagnosis was carried out by at least two headache specialists together. All patients were classified according to the International Classification of Headache Disorder‐third edition (ICHD‐3β).ResultsThe mean age at the time of examination was 42.4 ± 13.6 years (range 18‐80 years). Forty‐eight percent of patients were male. Strictly unilateral headaches accounted for 19.2% of the total headaches seen in the clinic. Headaches were classified as primary in 58%, secondary in 18%, and cranial neuropathies and other facial pain in 16% patients. Five percent of patients could not be classified. Three percent of patients were classified as per the Appendix section of ICHD‐3β. The prevalence of secondary headaches and painful cranial neuropathies increased with age. A total of 36 different diagnoses were made. Only two diseases (migraine and cluster headache) had a prevalence of more than 10%. The prevalence of 13 diseases varied between 6 and 9%. The prevalence of other 14 groups was ≤1%.Migraine was the most common diagnosis (15%). Cervicogenic headache was the most common secondary headache. Classical trigeminal neuralgias and persistent idiopathic facial pain were two most common diagnoses in the painful cranial neuropathies and other facial pain groups. Sixty‐one percent fulfilled the definition of chronic daily headaches, and hemicrania continua and cervicogenic headache were the two most common diagnoses in this group.ConclusionsA large number of primary and secondary headaches and cranial neuropathies may present as side‐locked headache and facial pain syndromes. Therefore, a sound knowledge of diagnostic approach is required for the optimal management of side locked headaches and facial pain.
Effect of in utero exposure to the atypical anti‐psychotic risperidone on histopathological features of the rat placenta
Authors: Singh K.P. , Singh Manoj K. , Gautam Shrikant 
Published: June 2016

SummaryFor clinical management of different forms of psychosis, both classical and atypical anti‐psychotic drugs (APDs) are available. These drugs are widely prescribed, even during pregnancy considering their minimal extra‐pyramidal side effects and teratogenic potential compared to classical APDs. Among AAPDs, risperidone (RIS) is a first‐line drug of choice by physicians. The molecular weight of RIS is 410.49 g/mol; hence, it can easily cross the placental barrier and enter the foetal bloodstream. It is not known whether or not AAPDs like RIS may affect the developing placenta and foetus adversely. Reports on this issue are limited and sketchy. Therefore, this study has evaluated the effects of maternal exposure to equivalent therapeutic doses of RIS on placental growth, histopathological and cytoarchitectural changes, and to establish a relationship between placental dysfunction and foetal outcomes. Pregnant rats (n = 24) were exposed to selected doses (0.8, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg) of RIS from gestation days 6–21. These dams were sacrificed; their placentas and foetuses were collected, morphometrically examined and further processed for histopathological examination. This study revealed that in utero exposure to equivalent therapeutic doses of RIS during organogenesis‐induced placental dystrophy (size and weight), disturbed cytoarchitectural organization (thickness of different placental layers), histopathological lesions (necrosis in trophoblast with disruption of trophoblastic septa and rupturing of maternal‐foetal interface) and intrauterine growth restriction of the foetuses. It may be concluded that multifactorial mechanisms might be involved in the dysregulation of structure and function of the placenta and of poor foetal growth and development.
Human papillomavirus and anal carcinoma knowledge in men who have sex with men in Belgrade, Serbia
Authors: Bjekic Milan , Sipetic‐Grujicic Sandra , Dunic Ivana , Salemovic Dubravka , Vlajinac Hristina 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the level of knowledge among men who have sex with men regarding human papillomavirus (HPV), anal cancer screening, and HPV vaccine.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in 2013 in Belgrade, Serbia, comprising 142 HIV‐positive and 128 HIV‐negative persons.ResultsOf all participants, 34.8% had never heard of HPV infection; 43.3% of participants were informed that HPV infection might be asymptomatic, while 30.4% knew that HPV is not transmitted by towels/cloth. Furthermore, 45.9% answered that HPV is a cause of genital warts, while 28.9%, 14.4%, and 17.4%, respectively, answered that it can cause anal, penile, and oral cancers. Only one‐fourth of participants knew that anal cancer is more frequent in homosexual men. More than 50% had not heard of anal Papanicolaou (Pap) smears, and less than 3% had ever had it. Almost 90% of participants did not know which physicians provide anal Pap smears. Less than one‐third knew that regular anal Pap smears might prevent consequences of anal HPV infection. The majority of participants did not know that there is a vaccine against HPV and anal cancer. Less than 50% reported willingness to receive HPV vaccine. Knowledge was slightly better in HIV‐positive men in comparison with HIV‐negative ones.ConclusionsResults point out the need for community efforts to promote knowledge about HPV, anal carcinoma, and anal Pap screening among men who have sex with men and their healthcare providers, and to increase the acceptance of HPV vaccine by the population.
EPQ for an unreliable production system with endogenous reliability and product deterioration
Authors: Huang Hongfu , He Yong , Li Dong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we study an economic production quantity problem for a production line subject to random shift from the in‐control state (with high production rate) to out‐of‐control state (with low production rate). Different from previous research, we model the expected shift time as a controllable variable, based on the fact that, by investment in resources, the reliability of the production line can be improved. In the mathematical model, we consider three possible scenarios: no shift, shift without demand shortage, and shift with demand shortage, which are determined by the values of actual shift time and shifted production rate. Combining the three possible scenarios, the goal is to minimize the expected total cost per unit time by finding the optimal production time, as well as the optimal expected shift time. In addition, we extend the model to deterioration products and study the influence of product deterioration to the optimal decisions. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the optimal solutions, followed by the sensitive analysis on important parameters. Comparing the optimal solutions under no reliability investment, reliability investment can help companies save more cost. Some other managerial insights are also proposed based on the numerical tests.
Histopathological Study of Left and Right Atria in Isolated Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis With and Without Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: SHENTHAR JAYAPRAKASH , KALPANA SALIGRAMA RAMEGOWDA , PRABHU MUKUND A. , RAI MANEESH K. , NAGASHETTY RAVIKUMAR KALYANI , KAMLAPURKAR GIRIDHAR 
Published: June 2016

Histopathological Study of Atria in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis With Respect to RhythmBackgroundMitral stenosis (MS) has the highest incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in chronic rheumatic valvular disease. There are very few studies in isolated MS comparing histopathological changes in patients with sinus rhythm (SR) and AF.ObjectivesTo analyze the histological changes associated with isolated MS and compare between changes in AF and SR.MethodsThis was a prospective study in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery for symptomatic isolated MS who were divided into 2 groups, Group I AF (n = 13) and Group II SR (n = 10). Intra‐operative biopsies performed from 5 different sites from both atria were analyzed for 10 histopathologic changes commonly associated with AF.ResultsOn multivariate analysis, myocytolysis (odds ratio [OR]: 1.48, P = 0.05) was found to be associated with AF, whereas myocyte hypertrophy (OR: 0.21, P = 0.003), and glycogen deposition (OR: 0.43, P = 0.002) was associated with SR. Interstitial fibrosis the commonest change was uniformly distributed across both atria irrespective of the rhythm.ConclusionIn rheumatic MS, SR is associated with myocyte hypertrophy whereas AF is associated with myocytolysis. Endocardial inflammation is more common in left atrial appendage irrespective of rhythm. Interstitial fibrosis is seen in >90% of patients distributed in both the atria and is independent of the rhythm. Amyloid and Aschoff bodies are uncommon and the rest of the changes are uniformly distributed across both the atria.
Helium‐based cold atmospheric plasma‐induced reactive oxygen species‐mediated apoptotic pathway attenuated by platinum nanoparticles
Authors: Jawaid Paras , Rehman Mati Ur , Zhao Qing Li , Takeda Keigo , Ishikawa Kenji , Hori Masaru , Shimizu Tadamichi , Kondo Takashi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPlasma is generated by ionizing gas molecules. Helium (He)‐based cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) was generated using a high‐voltage power supply with low‐frequency excitation (60 Hz at 7 kV) and He flow at 2 l/min. Platinum nanoparticles (Pt‐NPs) are potent antioxidants due to their unique ability to scavenge superoxides and peroxides. These features make them useful for the protection against oxidative stress‐associated pathologies. Here, the effects of Pt‐NPs on He‐CAP‐induced apoptosis and the underlying mechanism were examined in human lymphoma U937 cells. Apoptosis was measured after cells were exposed to He‐CAP in the presence or absence of Pt‐NPs. The effects of combined treatment were determined by observing the changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and both mitochondrial and Fas dependent pathway. The results indicate that Pt‐NPs substantially scavenge He‐CAP‐induced superoxides and peroxides and inhibit all the pathways involved in apoptosis execution. This might be because of the SOD/catalase mimetic effects of Pt‐NPs. These results showed that the Pt‐NPs can induce He‐CAP desensitization in human lymphoma U937 cells.
Factors affecting surgery decision‐making in patients with a chronic neurovascular condition
Authors: Klest Bridget , Mutschler Christina , Tamaian Andreea 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore the factors that affect patient decision‐making for an elective surgery.BackgroundCerebral cavernous malformations are lesions found in the brain and spinal cord comprised of abnormal blood vessels, which bleed sporadically causing serious neurological deficits. Course of treatment for cerebral cavernous malformation is often ultimately left up to the patient, and can include symptom management or surgery. Decision‐making for surgery in life‐threatening conditions has been well documented in the literature. Less extensive research has focused on elective surgeries, where patients have a choice. There has been no research on the factors that affect decision‐making for cavernous malformation patients.DesignCorrelational self‐report survey.MethodsIn part of a larger online study, participants were asked to rate the importance of six factors on their decision‐making about surgery for cavernous malformation.ResultsFactors that were rated most important for individuals' decision‐making included doctor's opinion regarding surgery, presence of disabling symptoms, fear of symptoms getting worse or developing new symptoms, and availability of an expert surgeon. Results indicated that these were rated as more important than having social support during recovery or having the means to pay for surgery. Additionally, having social support during recovery was rated as significantly more important than having the means to pay for surgery.ConclusionsFactors that affect decision‐making for patients diagnosed with cavernous malformation were similar to those found with other medical conditions requiring elective surgery. This study will assist healthcare workers in understanding the decision‐making process of individuals who may choose an elective surgery for potentially disabling conditions with uncertain outcomes.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding the complex factors that affect decision‐making in cavernous malformation will assist healthcare professionals to better communicate and support patients in their elective surgery decision‐making.
Expectations of relatives of Syrian patients in intensive care units in a state hospital in Turkey
Authors: Sevinç Sibel , Ajghif Mohammad , Uzun Özge , Gülbil Uğur 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesThe purpose of the study was to describe the personal experiences of relatives of Syrian patients in the intensive care unit in one hospital in Turkey.BackgroundThe concept of the intensive care unit can be particularly frightening for family members. Current recommendations for training Intensive care unit nurses should support a holistic approach to patient (and family) care, including explanations at a level that families can easily understand and allowing family members to see the patient at regular intervals.DesignThis qualitative study was conducted between June and August 2014 and included a study sample of 30 Syrian family members related to patients receiving treatment at a state hospital intensive care unit in Turkey.MethodsData were collected by semi‐structured interviews. We used percentages to represent descriptive data and conducted qualitative content analysis.ResultsFollowing data analysis, six themes arose: (1) communication‐related difficulties, (2) difficulties receiving information regarding the patient's condition, (3) difficulties meeting personal needs, (4) difficulties communicating with other family members, (5) difficulties receiving support from other family members, and (6) unmet expectations from nurses and hospital administration.ConclusionsSyrian patient's relatives receiving treatment in an intensive care unit in Turkey experienced communication difficulties in terms of receiving information from health care personnel, informing other family members, receiving social support from other family members, and having various unmet expectations from nurses and hospital administration.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this study can be used to develop guidelines and predictions for scenarios that are likely to arise for patients' relatives from foreign countries who arrive to support patients who receive healthcare services in our increasingly global world.
Positive impact on heat loss and patient experience of preheated skin disinfection: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wistrand Camilla , Söderquist Bo , Nilsson Ulrica 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of preheated (36 °C) and room‐temperature (20 °C) skin disinfectant solution on skin temperature and patients’ experience of the skin disinfection process.BackgroundTo prevent surgical site infections, it is important to disinfect skin prior to invasive surgery. In clinical practice, conscious patients often comment on the coldness of the preoperative skin disinfection solution. Evidence is lacking, as to whether preheated skin disinfectant has any positive effects during preoperative skin disinfection.DesignRandomised controlled trial.MethodsA total of 220 patients undergoing pacemaker, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator, or cardiac resynchronisation therapy under local anaesthesia were included and randomly allocated to preheated or room‐temperature skin disinfection. Skin temperature was assessed before and after skin disinfection at the planned incision site; in addition, three study‐specific questions were used to assess how patients experienced the temperature.ResultsPatients experienced the skin disinfection process with preheated disinfectant as significantly more pleasant. They felt less cold and reported increased satisfaction with the temperature of the solution compared to patients who were disinfected with room‐temperature solution. Skin disinfection with preheated solution also yielded a significantly higher mean skin temperature compared to room‐temperature solution.ConclusionsPreoperative skin disinfection with preheated disinfectant may prevent heat loss and contributes to a more pleasant experience for patients.Relevance to clinical practiceSkin disinfection with preheated skin disinfectant is an easy and inexpensive nursing intervention that has a positive impact on heat loss and on patients’ experience of the disinfection process.
Alcoholic liver disease patients’ perspective of a coping and physical activity‐oriented rehabilitation intervention after hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Mikkelsen Maria Rudkjær , Hendriksen Carsten , Schiødt Frank Vinholt , Rydahl‐Hansen Susan 
Published: June 2016

Aim and objectiveTo identify and describe the impact of a coping and physical activity‐oriented rehabilitation intervention on alcoholic liver disease patients after hepatic encephalopathy in terms of their interaction with professionals and relatives.BackgroundPatients who have experienced alcohol‐induced hepatic encephalopathy have reduced quality of life, multiple complications, and social problems, and rehabilitation opportunities for these patients are limited.DesignA grounded theory study and an evaluation study of a controlled intervention study.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 10 alcoholic liver disease patients who were diagnosed with hepatic encephalopathy and participated in a coping and physical activity‐oriented rehabilitation intervention. Richard S. Lazarus's theory of stress and coping inspired the interview guide.ResultsThe significance of a coping and physical activity‐oriented rehabilitation intervention on alcoholic liver disease patients’ ability to cope with problems after surviving alcohol‐induced hepatic encephalopathy in terms of their interaction with professionals and relatives was characterised by the core category ‘regain control over the diseased body’. This is subdivided into three separate categories: ‘the experience of being physically strong’, ‘togetherness’ and ‘self‐control’, and they impact each other and are mutually interdependent.ConclusionAlcoholic liver disease patients described the strength of the rehabilitation as regaining control over the diseased body. Professionals and relatives of patients with alcoholic liver disease may need to focus on strengthening and preserving patients’ control of their diseased body by facilitating the experience of togetherness, self‐control and physical strength when interacting with and supporting patients with alcoholic liver disease.Relevance to clinical practiceA coping and physical activity‐oriented rehabilitation intervention may help alcoholic liver disease patients to regain control over their diseased body and give patients the experience of togetherness, self‐control and physical strength. Professionals should be aware of giving the patients the experience of togetherness in their interactions, help them perceive self‐control and gain physical strength during their rehabilitation.
Using a Visible Light‐Polymerized Resin to Fabricate an Interim Partial Removable Dental Prosthesis
Authors: Segal Aaron , Yu Hui Wen , Elkassaby Heba 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn interim partial removable dental prosthesis (RDP) is any dental prosthesis that replaces some teeth in a partially dentate arch designed to enhance esthetics, stabilization, and/or function for a limited period of time, after which it is to be replaced by a definitive dental prosthesis. This article describes a technique that uses a visible light‐polymerized (VLP) resin as the base material for an interim partial RDP. This technique can be easily accomplished in a dental office or laboratory and results in a predictable dental prosthesis. This technique eliminates the need for laboratory processing.