bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood cognitive development in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: Case–control study
Authors: Chawner Samuel J. R. A. , Doherty Joanne L. , Moss Hayley , Niarchou Maria , Walters James T. R. , Owen Michael J. , van den Bree Marianne B. M. 
Published: September 2017

Background22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is associated with a high risk of childhood as well as adult psychiatric disorders, in particular schizophrenia. Childhood cognitive deterioration in 22q11.2DS has previously been reported, but only in studies lacking a control sample.AimsTo compare cognitive trajectories in children with 22q11.2DS and unaffected control siblings.MethodA longitudinal study of neurocognitive functioning (IQ, executive function, processing speed and attention) was conducted in children with 22q11.2DS (n = 75, mean age time 1 (T1) 9.9, time 2 (T2) 12.5) and control siblings (n = 33, mean age T1 10.6, T2 134).ResultsChildren with 22q11.2DS exhibited deficits in all cognitive domains. However, mean scores did not indicate deterioration. When individual trajectories were examined, some participants showed significant decline over time, but the prevalence was similar for 22q11.2DS and control siblings. Findings are more likely to reflect normal developmental fluctuation than a 22q11.2DS-specific abnormality.ConclusionsChildhood cognitive deterioration is not associated with 22q11.2DS. Contrary to previous suggestions, we believe it is premature to recommend repeated monitoring of cognitive function to identifying individual children with 22q11.2DS at high risk of developing schizophrenia.
Revenue maximization in incentivized social advertising
Authors: Aslay Cigdem , Bonchi Francesco , Lakshmanan Laks V. S. , Lu Wei 
Published: September 2017

Incentivized social advertising, an emerging marketing model, provides monetization opportunities not only to the owners of the social networking platforms but also to their influential users by offering a "cut" on the advertising revenue. We consider a social network (the host) that sells ad-engagements to advertisers by inserting their ads, in the form of promoted posts, into the feeds of carefully selected "initial endorsers" or seed users: these users receive monetary incentives in exchange for their endorsements. The endorsements help propagate the ads to the feeds of their followers. Whenever any user engages with an ad, the host is paid some fixed amount by the advertiser, and the ad further propagates to the feed of her followers, potentially recursively. In this context, the problem for the host is is to allocate ads to influential users, taking into account the propensity of ads for viral propagation, and carefully apportioning the monetary budget of each of the advertisers between incentives to influential users and ad-engagement costs, with the rational goal of maximizing its own revenue.
We show that, taking all important factors into account, the problem of revenue maximization in incentivized social advertising corresponds to the problem of monotone submodular function maximization, subject to a partition matroid constraint on the ads-to-seeds allocation, and submodular knapsack constraints on the advertisers' budgets. We show that this problem is NP-hard and devise two greedy algorithms with provable approximation guarantees, which differ in their sensitivity to seed user incentive costs.
Our approximation algorithms require repeatedly estimating the expected marginal gain in revenue as well as in advertiser payment. By exploiting a connection to the recent advances made in scalable estimation of expected influence spread, we devise efficient and scalable versions of our two greedy algorithms. An extensive experimental assessment confirms the high quality of our proposal.
Data vocalization
Authors: Trummer Immanuel , Zhu Jiancheng , Bryan Mark 
Published: September 2017

Research on data visualization aims at finding the best way to present data via visual interfaces. We introduce the complementary problem of "data vocalization". Our goal is to present relational data in the most efficient way via voice output. This problem setting is motivated by emerging tools and devices (e.g., Google Home, Amazon Echo, Apple's Siri, or voice-based SQL interfaces) that communicate data primarily via audio output to their users.
We treat voice output generation as an optimization problem. The goal is to minimize speaking time while transmitting an approximation of a relational table to the user. We consider constraints on the precision of the transmitted data as well as on the cognitive load placed on the listener. We formalize voice output optimization and show that it is NP-hard. We present three approaches to solve that problem. First, we show how the problem can be translated into an integer linear program which enables us to apply corresponding solvers. Second, we present a two-phase approach that forms groups of similar rows in a pre-processing step, using a variant of the apriori algorithm. Then, we select an optimal combination of groups to generate a speech. Finally, we present a greedy algorithm that runs in polynomial time. Under simplifying assumptions, we prove that it generates near-optimal output by leveraging the sub-modularity property of our cost function. We compare our algorithms experimentally and analyze their complexity.
Spatial crowdsourcing
Authors: Tong Yongxin , Chen Lei , Shahabi Cyrus 
Published: September 2017

Crowdsourcing is a new computing paradigm where humans are actively enrolled to participate in the procedure of computing, especially for tasks that are intrinsically easier for humans than for computers. The popularity of mobile computing and sharing economy has extended conventional web-based crowdsourcing to spatial crowdsourcing (SC), where spatial data such as location, mobility and the associated contextual information, plays a central role. In fact, spatial crowdsourcing has stimulated a series of recent industrial successes including Citizen Sensing (Waze), P2P ride-sharing (Uber) and Real-time Online-To-Offline (O2O) services (Instacart and Postmates).
In this tutorial, we review the paradigm shift from web-based crowdsourcing to spatial crowdsourcing. We dive deep into the challenges and techniques brought by the unique spatio-temporal characteristics of spatial crowdsourcing. Particularly, we survey new designs in task assignment, quality control, incentive mechanism design and privacy protection on spatial crowdsourcing platforms, as well as the new trend to incorporate crowdsourcing to enhance existing spatial data processing techniques. We also discuss case studies of representative spatial crowdsourcing systems and raise open questions and current challenges for the audience to easily comprehend the tutorial and to advance this important research area.
CFD Simulation of a Co-rotating Twin-screw Extruder: Validation of a Rheological Model for a Starch-Based Dough for Snack Food
Authors: Tagliavini Giorgia , Solari Federico , Montanari Roberto 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The extrusion of starch-based products has been a matter of interest, especially for the pasta and the snack food production. In recent years, twin-screw extruders for snack food have been studied from both structural and fluid dynamics viewpoints. This project started from the rheological characterization of a starch-based dough (corn 34 wt%, tapioca 32 wt%), comparing viscosity values acquired in laboratory with different theoretical models found in literature. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation recreating the simple case of a fluid flow between two parallel plates was carried out to validate the former comparison. After the rheological validation was completed, the second phase of this work covered a 3D CFD simulation of the first part of the twin-screw extruder (feeding zone). The objective was to find a suitable model for describing the dough rheological behavior and the operating conditions of a co-rotating intermeshing twin-screw extruder. Once the model would be defined, it would allow to investigate several working conditions and different screws geometries of the machine, predicting the evolution of the product rheological properties.
A New Testing Device for Characterizing Anisotropic Response of Soils during Compaction Processes
Authors: Mendoza Cristhian , Ovalle William , Caicedo Bernardo , Sasanakul Inthuorn 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Soil behavior during compaction is not completely understood due to the difficulty of observing principal state variables during this process. Determination of stress paths and failure envelopes occurring during compaction is challenging due to limitations during determination of principal stresses. The development of a new one-dimensional compaction device designed to allow direct measurement of axial and radial stresses provides an innovative testing procedure that allows analysis of the evolution of state variables of soils subjected to compaction. This methodology is presented through the analysis of fine-grained soils subjected to cyclic compaction together with the analysis of the moisture effect over the stress ratio. As variations with loading cycles are observed, the results allow inference of ratios between horizontal and vertical stresses (K) as non-unique values. Yield stresses and failure envelopes obtained from compaction stress paths are analyzed considering the effect of unsaturated undrained conditions.
Quantitative Investigation on Grouting Quality of Immersed Tube Tunnel Foundation Base using Full Waveform Inversion Method
Authors: Wang Huan , Che Ailan , Feng Shaokong 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Full waveform inversion (FWI) method is used to reveal the internal structure of underground mediums in geotechnical engineering. It comprehensively utilizes the amplitude, travel time, and phase of a wave field. It also offers the potential to produce better resolution of the target medium and feasibility for the detection of buried low-velocity layers. A new FWI method for elastic waves in stratified mediums is presented, which adopts a quasi-linear method coupled with a random search algorithm. The strength of this approach is that the Jaccobian matrix is iteratively calculated instead of the Hession matrix, and the inversion work is helpful for getting out of the local minima within appropriate search scope. To verify our method, it is applied to numerical 2-D stratified models and the appropriate search step and range constraint for inversion are determined by parameter sensitivity analysis. With a series of waveform pretreatments, including filter process, waveform energy normalization, and waveforms mitigation based on correlation analysis, we extended it to use with 3-D stratified media models. Its feasibility and accuracy in recovering the unknown parameters of low-velocity layers are certified. Based on the results of the numerical cases, this FWI method can be used for detecting the grouting quality in immersed tube tunnels. The S-wave velocity profiles of low-velocity layers under the tunnel floor are obtained. Because the S-wave velocities of grouting layers will increase before and after grouting, the grouting quality is effectively evaluated by the FWI method and provides a practical reference for other similar projects.
Students Metacognitive Level on Solving Chemistry Problems
Authors: Milama Burhanudin , Nurjanah Ade Ira , Fairusi Dila 
Published: September 2017

Abstract Metacognitive is knowledge and understanding of the cognitive process or knowledge of mind, and it’s work. Metacognitive is needed on solving the problem. Every student has different metacognitive abilities. This research is to describe students metacognitive level on solving chemicals molarity problem. This research was held in SMAN in South Tangerang, by 104 students as the subject research. This research is a quantitative descriptive by the essay results as the data. This result is analyzed, and the metacognitive level is stated based on the indicators. As the results of this research are 14.42% students are in Aware Use level, 73.08% in metacognitive Strategic Use level and 12.50% in metacognitive Reflective Use level. Metacognitive Reflective Use is the level for the high score students. Metacognitive Strategic Use is for middle score students. And metacognitive Aware Use for the low score students. Metacognitive Strategic Use level as the average. Most of the students can use and realized the right strategy on solving problems. Male students have a metacognitive level that is higher than for women. Abstrak Metakognitif adalah pengetahuan dan kesadaran tentang proses kognisi, atau pengetahuan tentang pikiran dan cara kerjanya. Dalam memecahkan masalah kimia, memerlukan keterlibatan metakognitif. Setiap siswa memiliki kemampuan metakognitif yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan level metakognitif siswa dalam memecahkan masalah pada materi kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri di Tangerang Selatan dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 104 siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif sehingga datanya berupa hasil tes essai. Hasil tes essai tersebut dianalisis dan ditentukan level metakognitifnya berdasarkan indikator yang telah dibuat. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 14.42 % siswa berada pada level metakognitif Aware Use, sebanyak 73.08 % siswa berada pada level metakognitif Strategic Use dan sebanyak 12.50 % siswa berada pada level metakognitif Relective Use. Siswa yang memiliki hasil belajar yang tinggi di dalam kelas berada pada level metakognitif Reflective Use. Siswa yang memiliki hasil belajar yang sedang di dalam kelas berada pada level metakognitif Strategic Use. Dan siswa yang memiliki hasil belajar yang rendah di dalam kelas berada pada level metakognitif Aware Use. Rata-rata level metakognitif siswa berada pada level metakognitif Strategic Use, karena rata-rata siswa dapat menggunakan dan menyadari strategi yang tepat dalam menyelesaikan masalah, tidak hanya mampu memahami masalah. How to Cite : Nurjanah, A., I. Milama, B. Fairusi, D. (2017). Students Metacognitive Level on Solving Chemistry Problems. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 4(1), 63-73. doi:10.15408/tjems.v4i1.5846. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v4i1.5846
PERBAIKAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN TOLERANSI SALINITAS IKAN NILA SRIKANDI (Oreochromis aureus x O. niloticus) MELALUI HIBRIDISASI DAN BACK-CROSS DENGAN O. aureus F-1 DI KARAMBA JARING APUNG LAUT
Authors: Setyawan Priadi , Robisalmi Adam , Gunadi Bambang 
Published: September 2017

Ikan nila Srikandi merupakan hasil persilangan antara ikan nila hitam (Oreochromis niloticus) dan ikan nila biru (O. aureus) yang dapat tumbuh baik pada salinitas 10-30 g/L. Kendala yang sering dihadapi dalam pengembangan budidaya di tambak adalah mortalitas tinggi akibat tingginya fluktuasi salinitas air tambak. Perairan laut mempunyai fluktuasi salinitas yang rendah sehingga dapat dijadikan solusi. Namun demikian, salinitas di atas 30 g/L menyebabkan penurunan laju pertumbuhan dan sintasan ikan. Persilangan antara ikan nila biru F-1 (AuF1) hasil seleksi famili dengan ikan nila hitam Nirwana 2 (Nw2) atau nila Srikandi (Sr) diharapkan dapat meningkatkan toleransi salinitas dan pertumbuhan ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pertumbuhan dan toleransi salinitas ikan nila hibrida hasil persilangan dengan AuF1 di karamba jaring apung (KJA) laut di Kabupaten Brebes. Penelitian eksperimental dengan tiga ulangan dilakukan pada lima populasi hasil kombinasi perkawinan Nw2 x AuF1, Sr x AuF1, Nw x Au (Nirwana x Aureus atau Srikandi), Nw2 x Nw2 dan AuF1 x AuF1. Benih berukuran 3-5 cm diaklimatisasi hingga salinitas laut. Pemeliharaan dilakukan pada jaring 3 m x 5 m x 2 m dengan padat tebar 10 ekor/m3 selama tiga bulan. Pemberian pakan komersial berprotein 30% dilakukan dua kali sehari sebanyak 3%-5% biomassa. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan rerata bobot akhir pada seluruh populasi berkisar antara 126,9-182,7 g dengan rerata sintasan 14,67%-70,13%. Ikan nila biru F-1 dapat meningkatkan karakter sintasan 33,54% pada hasil hibridisasi Nw2xAuF1 dan 35,27% pada persilangan backcross (Sr x AuF1) dibandingkan dengan ikan nila Srikandi, sedangkan pada karakter bobot badan meningkat sebesar 4,34% pada populasi hibrida dan 11,68% pada populasi backcross. Populasi Nw2 x AuF1 dan Sr x AuF1 menghasilkan biomassa panen yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan ikan nila Srikandi sehingga dapat dijadikan kandidat untuk budidaya ikan nila di KJA laut.
Cotton Harvest Aid Regimes and Their Interaction with Cotton Cultivar Characteristics Impacting Leaf Grade
Authors: Eder Zachary P. , Singh Sukhbir , Fromme Dan D. , Mott Dale A. , Ibrahim Amir M. H. , Morgan Gaylon D. 
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas
Defoliation or desiccation levels did not impact leaf grade values.
Leaf grades values increased with higher leaf trichome densities.
Plant morphological factors other than leaf hairiness did not impact cotton leaf grade values.
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaf grade values significantly increase with remnants of leaf and bract materials in cotton lint and can result in economic discounts to the producers. We are hypothesizing that cotton harvest aid regimes, and level of defoliation and desiccation are contributing factors in higher cotton leaf grades. The interaction of morphological characteristics of cotton cultivars and the various harvest aid regimes were evaluated to identify key factors contributing to the increased leaf grade values. Multiple trials were conducted during 2010, 2011, and 2012 in Burleson, Colorado, and Matagorda counties in South and southeastern Texas. Cotton cultivars were selected with a range of leaf hairiness and were sprayed with five harvest aid treatments to obtain a range of defoliation and desiccation levels. Leaf and bract pubescence, and leaf and bract area were collected, as well as defoliation and desiccation levels, to analyze the resulting impact on cotton leaf grade values. Seed cotton samples were ginned in a microgin and lint quality was measured with high volume instrument (HIV) analysis. Results from trichome density quantification indicated substantial variation in cultivars and discrepancies from company based rating systems. Defoliation level rating ranged from 0 to 84% at 14 d after treatment application, while desiccation levels were low despite the use of herbicidal products. Defoliation or desiccation did not impact leaf grade. Leaf grades generally increased with higher leaf trichome densities, although not always significantly. Among morphological characteristics of cotton, leaf hairiness is more important for cultivar selection to reduce leaf grade.
Shoot and Root Biomass Allocation of Sunflower Varying with Soil Salinity and Nitrogen Applications
Authors: Ma Tao , Zeng Wenzhi , Li Qi , Yang Xu , Wu Jingwei , Huang Jiesheng 
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas
Soil salinity could be alleviated by proper use of N fertilizer.
No alleviation effect of additional N fertilizer is seen under saline conditions in sunflower's seedling stage.
A pot experiment might not be an acceptable substitute for field trail.
Soil salinity (S) is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting crop production in arid and semiarid regions. This study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of S and nitrogen (N) fertilizer on shoot and root biomass allocation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) at different growth stages. Outdoor field and pot experiments were performed in the Hetao Irrigation District, China. The field study consisted of a 3 × 2 factorial design with three salinity levels (S0: electrical conductivity of a saturated‐paste extract [ECe] = 1.9 dS m−1; S1: ECe = 7.4 dS m−1; S2: ECe = 12.7 dS m−1) and two N application rates (low: 45 kg N ha−1; moderate: 135 kg N ha−1); the S2 treatment was not included in pot study. The results indicated that sunflower allocated more biomass to root under saline conditions in the seedling stage. However, a detrimental effect of moderate N application rate on seedling growth could be found at the S1 level. Moreover, after bud initiation, a moderate N application rate accelerated shoot and root biomass accumulation at the S0 and S1 levels, but it still aggravated salt stress and inhibited sunflower growth at the flowering and mature stages at the S2 level. In addition, our study indicated that the sunflowers planted in pots showed enhanced salt tolerance and decreased the root/shoot ratio earlier than sunflowers planted in fields. We suggest applying less N fertilizer before sowing at both the S1 and S2 levels and using proper additional N fertilizer in the bud stage at the S1 level to promote sunflower growth after salt tolerance has been enhanced.
Apparatus for Measuring Coupled Membrane and Diffusion Behavior of Unsaturated Sodium Bentonite
Authors: Sample-Lord Kristin M. , Shackelford Charles D. 
Published: September 2017

Core IdeasCoupled membrane and diffusion behavior was measured in unsaturated Na‐bentonite.A new testing apparatus advances the state of the art for coupled processes in clays.The membrane efficiency of Na‐bentonite increased as the degree of saturation decreased.Sodium bentonite (Na‐bentonite) has been shown to exhibit semipermeable membrane behavior—the ability to selectively restrict the migration of dissolved chemical species through the pores of the clay. However, experimental research to date has focused on the membrane behavior of Na‐bentonite almost exclusively under water‐saturated conditions (i.e., degree of saturationS= 1), even though membrane behavior under unsaturated conditions is expected to be more significant. Further, the limited number of studies that have been performed to evaluate membrane behavior in unsaturated soils have used only open systems to quantify membrane efficiency (ω), despite the testing advantages of using closed systems (e.g., more accurate measurement of ω, easier control of boundary conditions). Thus, a closed‐system testing apparatus capable of measuring coupled membrane and diffusion behavior in unsaturated Na‐bentonite was developed and then used to measure ω and salt diffusion in Na‐bentonite withSof 0.84 and 1.0. For a source solution (concentration difference) of 20 mM KCl, ω increased from 0.61 to 0.71 asSdecreased from 1.0 to 0.84, which is consistent with the current conceptual understanding of membrane behavior and trends in the literature. In contrast, the effective diffusion coefficient for Cl−was essentially the same (i.e., ∼1.8 × 10−10m2s−1) for both specimens due to the small difference inS. The development of the testing apparatus advances the state of the art for laboratory measurement of coupled membrane and diffusion behavior in unsaturated clays commonly used as chemical containment barriers.