bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social care and migration policy in Australia: Emerging intersections?
Authors: Adamson Elizabeth , Cortis Natasha , Brennan Deborah , Charlesworth Sara 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMigrants are important both as providers and users of paid care services in Australia, yet migration has rarely featured in Australian strategies to grow and sustain the paid care workforce. Correspondingly, Australia is rarely mentioned in the international scholarship on care and migration that has burgeoned since the 1990s. This article shows the ways that service providers, consumer advocates, unions and scholars have begun to bring migration into debates about workforce growth in two of Australia's most significant areas of paid care: aged care and childcare. Drawing on submissions to national enquiries in both areas, we identify the actors who have sought to adjust Australia's migration settings to respond to growing demand for care, and explain the rationales – which differ between the sectors – underlying their advocacy for change.
“Learning to become a better man”: Insights from a fathering programme for incarcerated Indigenous men
Authors: Rossiter Chris , Power Tamara , Fowler Cathrine , Jackson Debra , Roche Michael , Dawson Angela 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper reports a qualitative study of incarcerated Indigenous fathers in Australia, using a framework of generative fathering. Researchers interviewed 28 imprisoned Indigenous men about their experiences of parenting and their responses to a parenting programme. Participants identified how the programme supported their learning and their capacity to embrace the role of parenting the next generation. Responses indicate that the programme's format and content were relevant to their experience as Indigenous fathers, and enhanced by the skills of the facilitator, and provision of a safe learning environment. It facilitated their growth as individuals and as parents through acknowledging their cultural identity and roles.
Safe at home? Housing decisions for women leaving family violence
Authors: Diemer Kristin , Humphreys Cathy , Crinall Karen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInternationally, domestic violence policy has shifted towards supporting women to stay at home with the perpetrator of violence excluded. However, the practical realities indicate that this is a complex arena in which the rhetoric of rights for “women and children to stay in their own home” needs to be underpinned by additional support to provide safety and protection for those choosing this option. The current study examines decision making about accommodation options and the role of civil protection orders among 138 women accessing domestic violence support services in Victoria Australia. It shines a light on the intersection between justice responses and the housing needs of women and their children leaving a violent relationship. Our findings reveal that for this sample of women, staying in their own home left them more open to breaches of intervention orders than those who re‐located. In spite of the frequency of breaching, a majority of women believed that they were safer with the protective order in place. We conclude that supporting women to “stay at home” with the perpetrator removed may be a pathway to safety for only a minority of women particularly if support from police and courts is not proactive and reliable.
Low‐Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of MoS2 Films
Authors: Jurca Titel , Moody Michael J. , Henning Alex , Emery Jonathan D. , Wang Binghao , Tan Jeffrey M. , Lohr Tracy L. , Lauhon Lincoln J. , Marks Tobin J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWet chemical screening reveals the very high reactivity of Mo(NMe2)4 with H2S for the low‐temperature synthesis of MoS2. This observation motivated an investigation of Mo(NMe2)4 as a volatile precursor for the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of MoS2 thin films. Herein we report that Mo(NMe2)4 enables MoS2 film growth at record low temperatures—as low as 60 °C. The as‐deposited films are amorphous but can be readily crystallized by annealing. Importantly, the low ALD growth temperature is compatible with photolithographic and lift‐off patterning for the straightforward fabrication of diverse device structures.
Dynamic Gradient Directed Molecular Transport and Concentration in Hydrogel Films
Authors: Tsai Tsung‐Han , Ali Mohammad A. , Jiang Zhelong , Braun Paul V. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMaterials which selectively transport molecules along defined paths offer new opportunities for concentrating, processing and sensing chemical and biological agents. Here, we present the use of traveling ionic waves to drive molecular transport and concentration of hydrophilic molecules entrained within a hydrogel. The traveling ionic wave is triggered by the spatially localized introduction of ions, which through a dissipative ion exchange process, converts quaternary ammonium groups in the hydrogel from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Through a reaction–diffusion process, the hydrophobic region expands with a sharp transition at the leading edge; it is this sharp gradient in hydrophilicity that drives the transport of hydrophilic molecules dispersed within the film. The traveling wave moved up to 450 μm within 30 min, while the gradient length remained 20 μm over this time. As an example of the potential of molecular concentration using this approach, a 70‐fold concentration of a hydrophilic dye was demonstrated.
Untersuchung unabhängiger N‐H‐ und N‐C‐Bindungsverformungen auf ultrakurzen Zeitskalen mit resonanter inelastischer Röntgenstreuung
Authors: Eckert Sebastian , Norell Jesper , Miedema Piter S. , Beye Martin , Fondell Mattis , Quevedo Wilson , Kennedy Brian , Hantschmann Markus , Pietzsch Annette , Van Kuiken Benjamin E. , Ross Matthew , Minitti Michael P. , Moeller Stefan P. , Schlotter William F. , Khalil Munira , Odelius Michael , Föhlisch Alexander 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDie Femtosekundendynamik nach resonanten Photoanregungen mit optischen und Röntgenpulsen ermöglicht eine selektive Verformung von chemischen N‐H‐ und N‐C‐Bindungen in 2‐Thiopyridon in wässriger Lösung. Die Untersuchung der orbitalspezifischen elektronischen Struktur und ihrer Dynamik auf ultrakurzen Zeitskalen mit resonanter inelastischer Röntgenstreuung an der N1s‐Resonanz am Synchrotron und dem Freie‐Elektronen‐Laser LCLS in Kombination mit quantenchemischen Multikonfigurationsberechnungen erbringen den direkten Nachweis dieser kontrollierten photoinduzierten Molekülverformungen und ihrer ultrakurzen Zeitskala.
Solvent‐Assisted Metal Metathesis: A Highly Efficient and Versatile Route towards Synthetically Demanding Chromium Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wang Jun‐Hao , Zhang Ying , Li Mian , Yan Shu , Li Dan , Zhang Xian‐Ming 
Published: April 2017

AbstractChromium(III)‐based metal–organic frameworks (Cr‐MOFs) are very attractive in a wide range of investigations because of their robustness and high porosity. However, reports on Cr‐MOFs are scarce owing to the difficulties in their direct synthesis. Recently developed postsynthetic routes to obtain Cr‐MOFs suffered from complicated procedures and a lack of general applicability. Herein, we report a highly efficient and versatile strategy, namely solvent‐assisted metal metathesis, to obtain Cr‐MOFs from a variety of FeIII‐MOFs, including several well‐known MOFs and a newly synthesized one, through judicious selection of a coordinating solvent. The versatility of this strategy was demonstrated by producing Cr‐MIL‐100, Cr‐MIL‐142A/C, Cr‐PCN‐333, and Cr‐PCN‐600 from their FeIII analogues and Cr‐SXU‐1 from a newly synthesized MOF precursor, Fe‐SXU‐1, in acetone as the solvent under very mild conditions. We have thus developed a general approach for the preparation of robust Cr‐MOFs, which are difficult to synthesize by direct methods.
Energieresonanzkreuzung steuert die Photolumineszenz von Europium‐Antennensonden
Authors: Zhang Qiangqiang , Wu Liangliang , Cao Xiaoyan , Chen Xuebo , Fang Weihai , Dolg Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDie Energietransferpfade in Lanthanoid‐Antennensonden können im Rahmen der gegenwärtig verfügbaren Modelle nicht vollständig berechnet werden; ihre Aufklärung bleibt daher eine Herausforderung. Auf Grundlage quantenchemischer Ab‐initio‐Berechnungen typischer Eu‐Antennenkomplexe wird ein neuartiges Energieresonanzmodell vorgeschlagen, das von einer umfassenden Nonett‐Quintett‐Intersystemkreuzung aufgrund von Spin‐Bahn‐Kopplung in den Unterniveaus der beteiligten Zustände gesteuert wird.
Reversible Oxidative Addition at Carbon
Authors: Eichhorn Antonius F. , Fuchs Sonja , Flock Marco , Marder Todd B. , Radius Udo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe reactivity of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and cyclic alkyl amino carbenes (cAACs) with arylboronate esters is reported. The reaction with NHCs leads to the reversible formation of thermally stable Lewis acid/base adducts Ar‐B(OR)2⋅NHC (Add1–Add6). Addition of cAACMe to the catecholboronate esters 4‐R‐C6H4‐Bcat (R=Me, OMe) also afforded the adducts 4‐R‐C6H4Bcat⋅cAACMe (Add7, R=Me and Add8, R=OMe), which react further at room temperature to give the cAACMe ring‐expanded products RER1 and RER2. The boronate esters Ar‐B(OR)2 of pinacol, neopentylglycol, and ethyleneglycol react with cAAC at RT via reversible B−C oxidative addition to the carbene carbon atom to afford cAACMe(B{OR}2)(Ar) (BCA1–BCA6). NMR studies of cAACMe(Bneop)(4‐Me‐C6H4) (BCA4) demonstrate the reversible nature of this oxidative addition process.
Thermal conductivity measurement of biological materials: a case study in moderate ambient temperatures
Authors: Markowski Marek , Ropelewska Ewa , Kołakowski Piotr 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study analyzed the influence of temperature on the thermal conductivity and thermal capacity of kefir grains during heating and cooling in the temperature range between 3 and 30 °C. The correlations between the thermal conductivity vs temperature of kefir grains during heating differed from those observed during cooling. During heating, the thermal conductivity of kefir grains decreased from 0.46 to 0.40 W m−1 K−1 according to the Arrhenius law. During cooling, the thermal conductivity remained stable at 0.36 ± 0.03 W m−1 K−1. The observed differences in the behavior of thermal conductivity of heated and cooled kefir grains could be related to the stimulating impact of heat on microbial activity inside the grains. The maximum thermal capacity of 3776 J kg−1 K−1 was noted at 9.3 °C and the minimum thermal capacity of 2987 J kg−1 K−1, – at 30.0 °C. In‐depth knowledge of the thermal properties of kefir grains can contribute to improving their efficiency and optimizing the kefir production process. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and cell response of electrospun Rana chensinensis skin collagen/poly(l‐lactide) scaffolds with different fiber orientations
Authors: Zhang Mei , Li Ziqi , Jiang Pan , Lin Tong , Li Xueqi , Sun Dahui 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTCollagen was extracted from Rana chensinensis skin supplied from byproducts via an acid enzymatic extraction method. The R. chensinensis skin collagen (RCSC) and poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) were blended at a 3:7 ratio in 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) at a concentration of 10% (g/mL) and electrospun to produce nanofibers in an aligned and random orientation. For comparison, pure PLLA nanofibrous membranes with aligned and random nanofiber orientations were also produced. The secondary structure of the RCSC nanofibers was investigated by circular dichroism to confirm that the extracted substance was collagen. The presence of collagen in the blend nanofiber was verified by LSCM. The blended nanofibers showed uniform, smooth, and bead‐free morphologies and presented a smaller fiber diameter (278 and and 259 nm) than the pure the ones of PLLA (559 and and 439 nm) nanofibers. It was found that the addition of RCSC and the modification of the nanofiber's orientation affected the fiber's diameter and the crystallization of PLLA. The cell viability studies with human fibroblast cells demonstrated that the RCSC/PLLA nanofibrous membranes formed by electrospinning exhibited good biocompatibility and that the aligned scaffolds could regulate the cell morphology by inducing cell orientation. The empirical results in this study indicated that the aligned RCSC/PLLA nanofibrous membrane is a potential wound dressing candidate for skin regeneration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45109.
Mechanically enhanced electrically conductive films from polymerization of 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene with wood microfibers
Authors: Hafez Islam , Yang Han‐Seung , Tze William Tai Yin 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThis study was aimed at enhancing the mechanical properties of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) using wood microfibers. Ultra fine friction grinding was conducted on wood particles to reduce their size to the micron scale and to induce fibrillation. Oxidative polymerization was performed on 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomer at seven dosages based on the content of microfibers in the formulation. The presence of PEDOT:PSS in the prepared films was verified by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The composite films became stronger and stiffer as the fiber content increased. An EDOT:microfibers ratio of 33 wt % was considered the best among the seven tested levels, judging from their low sheet resistivity (340 Ω/sq.) and favorable tensile properties (38 MPa strength and 4.8 GPa stiffness). The selected films were also tested for their resistance to solvents to obtain information about their potential use in different environments. Among the tested solvents, sodium hydroxide greatly decreased the film conductivity. It also had the harshest effect on reducing the weight of the film. Findings from this study demonstrate the successful use of wood microfibers alternative to synthetic substrates and cellulose nanofiber as a supportive and reinforcing material for electrically conductive polymers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45127.
Artificial reefs as a reef restoration strategy in sediment‐affected environments: Insights from long‐term monitoring
Authors: Ng Chin Soon Lionel , Toh Tai Chong , Chou Loke Ming 
Published: April 2017

AbstractArtificial reefs provide substrates that facilitate the rapid recruitment of marine biota such as corals and fish, and are commonly employed as coral restoration tools to assist recovery in degraded areas. While this strategy is successful in the immediate years post‐deployment, its contribution to restoration over longer time scales is less well understood.The biological communities on Reef Enhancement Units (REUs), which had been deployed for more than a decade on Singapore's sediment‐affected coral reefs, were surveyed.The diversity of sessile lifeforms on the REUs was significantly higher in 2014 (H′ = 1.03) than 2004 (H′ = 0.60). Hard corals and coralline algae contributed most to the temporal dissimilarity and turf algae remained the dominant lifeform category in both years.In 2014, hard corals and abiotic components contributed most to the spatial dissimilarity among the six REU plots that were surveyed. Shannon diversity values of these plots ranged from 0.74–1.3. Scleractinian cover ranged from 0.4–31.5% and differed significantly among the plots.The REUs also augmented ecosystem functioning at their respective plots. Colonies from 10 of the 30 scleractinian genera recorded were sexually mature, and a total of 119 sessile and mobile reef taxa utilized the REUs for food and habitat.The results demonstrate that artificial reefs can contribute to the development of biological communities and ecosystem functioning in degraded coral habitats over the long run, and underscore the need for long‐term monitoring to validate the effectiveness of reef restoration efforts.
Genetic population structure of harbour seals in the United Kingdom and neighbouring waters
Authors: Olsen Morten Tange , Islas Valentina , Graves Jeff A. , Onoufriou Aubrie , Vincent Cecile , Brasseur Sophie , Frie Anne Kirstine , Hall Ailsa J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

In the United Kingdom (UK), several harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) populations have been declining over the past decade. In order to understand the effect of these changes in abundance, this study seeks to determine the population structure of harbour seals in the UK, and in Scotland in particular, on a wider and finer spatial scale than has previously been reported.
Harbour seals were genotyped from 18 different localities throughout the UK and neighbouring localities in mainland Europe, at 12 microsatellite loci. Results from Bayesian and frequency based tests of population structure suggested an initial structural division into two main groups consisting of localities in northern UK and southern UK–mainland Europe, respectively.
These two clusters were further divided into four geographically distinct genetic clusters.
An overall agreement between the genetic results and the existing management areas for UK harbour seals was observed, but it is also clear that an adaptive management approach should be adopted, in which the delineation of the current management areas is maintained until further genetic and ecological information has been accumulated and analysed.
Non‐native marine species in north‐west Europe: Developing an approach to assess future spread using regional downscaled climate projections
Authors: Townhill Bryony , Pinnegar John , Tinker Jonathan , Jones Miranda , Simpson Stephen , Stebbing Paul , Dye Stephen 
Published: April 2017

Abstract1. Climate change can affect the survival, colonization and establishment of non‐native species. Many non‐native species common in Europe are spreading northwards as seawater temperatures increase. The similarity of climatic conditions between source and recipient areas is assumed to influence the establishment of such species, however, in a changing climate those conditions are difficult to predict.2. A risk assessment methodology has been applied to identify non‐native species with proven invasive qualities that have not yet arrived in north‐west Europe, but which could become problematic in the future. Those species with the highest potential to become established or be problematic have been taken forward, as well as some that may be economically beneficial, for species distribution modelling to determine future potential habitat distributions under projected climate change.3. In the past, species distribution models have usually made use of low resolution global environmental datasets. Here, to increase the local resolution of the distribution models, downscaled shelf seas climate change model outputs for north‐west Europe were nested within global outputs. In this way the distribution model could be trained using the global species presence data including the species' native locations, and then projected using more comprehensive shelf seas data to understand habitat suitability in a potential recipient area.4. Distribution modelling found that habitat suitability will generally increase further north for those species with the highest potential to become established or problematic. Most of these are known to be species with potentially serious consequences for conservation. With caution, a small number of species may present an opportunity for the fishing industry or aquaculture. The ability to provide potential future distributions could be valuable in prioritizing species for monitoring or eradication programmes, increasing the chances of identifying problem species early. This is particularly important for vulnerable infrastructure or protected or threatened ecosystems.
Embryogenesis of the Uropygial Glands in the Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis (Rothschild, 1893): Procellariiformes)
Authors: Rehorek S.J. , Wu J.L. , Smith T.D. , Beeching S.C. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTAn avian uropygial gland is located on the mid‐dorsum of the tail, and is the only external gland found in birds. Most studies have focused on the function, gross anatomy and chemical nature of this gland, with little research on its ontogeny. The purpose of this study was to examine the development of this gland in a series of Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) embryos. Specimens were examined anatomically and histologically. It was found that grooves preceded glandular development by many stages. The embryogenesis of the uropygial gland was divided into 6 phases: preinception, groove inception, mesodermal separation, migrating mesodermal cells, oval shaped “depressions”, constriction and finally glandular inception. No other gland is known to develop similarly, though there may be parallels with femoral gland development. In comparison to other bird species, the length of the development period in the Albatross, as well as other compounding factors, make it difficult to determine the significance of these observations. The development of a mesodermal band, soon to be a connective tissue capsule, is more complex than originally described in ducks. Thus, the unique nature of this gland is established, but the significance of the observations required further studies into uropygial gland development. Anat Rec, 300:1420–1428, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evoked potential changes in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Liu Chunyan , Zhang Yaping , Tang Weiguo , Wang Binda , Wang Bona , He Songbin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivePatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may have sensory dysfunction, and it can be more easily demonstrated through electrophysiologic testing. We aimed to explore whether the impairment of brainstem visual and auditory passageway exists in PD patients using visual evoked potential (VEP) and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) examinations.MethodsForty‐two PD cases and thirty controls participated in the study. All subjects underwent the VEP and BAEP examinations. The N75, P100, N145 latencies and P100 amplitude of VEP, the latencies of waves I, III, V and the interpeak latencies (IPL) of waves I–III, III–V, I–V were measured.ResultsThe N75, P100, N145 latencies of VEP, but not the amplitude of P100, were significantly longer in patients with PD than the control group (p < .05). The latencies of wave III and wave V, the IPL of III–V and I–V were all significantly increased compared with control subjects while no significant difference was noted in waves I and I–III IPL.ConclusionOur results found that brainstem visual and auditory passageway may be impaired in PD patients.SignificanceVEP and BAEP can be served as sensitive measurements in helping prognosis and assessment the severity of the disease.