bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the plane stress state by combined ultrasonic waves
Authors: Albuquerque Lucas Gabriel Sousa , Figueiredo Gleydson , Costa Ednelson Silva , Machado Paulo Cordeiro , Braga Eduardo de Magalhães 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the measurement of the residual stress state in ASTM A131 steel plates using a non-destructive technique based on the combination of ultrasonic waves. The method combines shear and compressive waves to more accurately assess the stress state of the material after heat application via TIG welding. Measurements were taken at different points on the plate using transducers attached to a stepper motor, which enabled the rotation of the transducer and precise determination of the wave propagation angle. The results showed that residual stresses were more concentrated near the weld zone and the supports that held the sample, while areas farther away showed significantly lower stresses. The technique proved effective in measuring the residual stress state, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods, which often estimate only the differences between principal stresses. This approach has the potential to be applied in various industries, particularly in sectors that require accurate stress evaluations in structural components, such as naval construction. The combined use of shear and compressive waves offers a non-destructive and highly precise alternative to ensure the integrity and durability of materials.
Primary cell culture from embryos of the common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum
Authors: Hassan Afrah , Zancolli Giulia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Spiders have emerged as valuable models in evolutionary developmental biology, but primary cell cultures from spider embryonic tissues have not been fully explored. In this study, we describe the first successful long-term cultivation of embryonic cells from the common house spider, Parasteatoda tepidariorum. We initiated five independent primary cultures using mechanical and enzymatic dissociation methods, comparing two culture media, Leibovitz’s L-15 and Grace’s Insect Medium, under varying pH conditions.
Results
Cultures exhibited diverse cell morphologies, including round cells in suspension and elongated, neuron-like cells. The most successful culture, initiated with Grace’s medium at pH 7, was passaged four times and maintained for over six months. We also tested collagen type I-coated wells to improve cell adhesion. Our results indicate that P. tepidariorum embryonic cells proliferate better at pH 7, and Grace’s medium supports long-term growth, while L-15 promotes more cell differentiation.
Conclusions
This culture system provides a valuable platform for functional genomics studies, with potential applications in evolutionary and developmental biology research.
Valuing water provisioning services in England: A regionalized application of the System of Environmental Economic Accounting--Ecosystem Accounting framework in the context of Natural Capital Accounting
Authors: Bogra Shelly 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This research provides the first comprehensive physical water-use tables for England at the regional level, within the framework of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water (SEEA-Water). These tables quantify both the flows and values associated with the beneficiaries. The key novelties include: (i) development of ``first experimental quantification" of `green water' associated with agriculture and forestry in England, lacking in official statistics (ii) attributing biomass and forestry provisioning valuation to water-services appropriated by the land under these services, and (iii) first estimates of monetary valuation based on `Non-Tidal Surface Water' and `Ground water' used in other sectors of England, thus going beyond the monetary valuation of `Public water supply' use reported in official statistics. The study also offers insights on discounted valuation of water-provisioning' role in agricultural and forestry produce. Key limitation is lack of condition metrics at regional level, owing to lack of water-quality and water-pollution accounting at the regional scale. Key areas for future investigations include: provision of recent statistics of water-abstraction for England; segregation of recreational services related to water-based cultural service; disclosure of monetary valuations of regional abstraction licenses granted for uses other than `Public Water Supply'; disclosure of methodological reports enabling valuation of water ecosystem services; including information on different discounting rates, time-period; information on return-flows to enable development of water-supply accounts and degradation and/or depletion of local reservoirs; and provision of latest water-use, water-supply, and water-pollution statistics for England and other regions of the UK, namely, Scotland, Wales, and Northern-Ireland, among others.
Regulation of mRNA Export by Key Signaling Pathways and its Implications for Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation and Potency: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shafi Viqas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study focuses on the regulatory role of mRNA export in embryonic stem cell (ESC) potency and differentiation, vital processes for developmental biology. It investigates how various signaling pathways influence mRNA export and their implications for regenerative medicine and cancer treatment.Background: Signaling pathways such as PI3K-Akt and MAPK/ERK are recognized for their roles in cell behavior; however, their influence on mRNA export regulation remains inadequately explored. A comprehensive understanding of these interactions could enhance the control of ESC differentiation and identify novel therapeutic targets for mitigating oncogene expression in cancer.Methods: A systematic review was conducted, utilizing databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and various open access/subscription journals, to gather pertinent articles on the regulation of mRNA export during embryonic development and its effects on ESC differentiation and potency. The literature search was unrestricted by publication date. Following specific criteria outlined in the methodology section, relevant studies were analyzed to shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which signaling pathways interact with the mRNA export machinery and their consequences for cell behavior and lineage-specific gene expression. The investigation adhered to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews.Results: The findings indicate that a range of signaling pathways—specifically, Nuclear Transport, PI3K-Akt, MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, TGF-β, mTOR, p53, cAMP/PKA, and JNK—significantly regulate mRNA export throughout embryonic development. These pathways interact with export machinery components, such as NXF1 and TREX, and RNA-binding proteins like ALYREF, to modulate the export of mRNAs associated with pluripotency and differentiation. Notably, activation of pathways like PI3K-Akt and mTOR enhances the export of lineage-specific mRNAs, thereby promoting ESC differentiation, while inhibition of pathways such as JNK and p53 maintains pluripotency by decreasing differentiation-associated mRNA export.Conclusion: This investigation underscores the critical roles of key signaling pathways in regulating mRNA export during embryonic development. By influencing export machinery components, these pathways modulate ESC pluripotency and differentiation. Targeted manipulation of these pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies for advancing stem cell applications and regenerative medicine.
Monitoring heart rhythms in adult males with X-linked ichthyosis using wearable technology: a feasibility study
Authors: Wren Georgina , O'Callaghan Peter , Zaidi Abbas , Thompson Andrew R. , Humby Trevor , Davies William 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: The rare dermatological condition X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) is typically caused by Xp22.31 microdeletions and has recently been linked to a substantially-increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias; arrhythmias predispose to multiple health conditions with long-term implications including heart failure, stroke, and accelerated cognitive decline. To optimise therapeutic outcomes, there is a need to identify individuals experiencing arrhythmias at an early stage, ideally using non-invasive, convenient, cost-effective, and reliable wearable technology methods.
Methods: We tested the feasibility of monitoring heart rhythms using an Apple Watch Series 8 in five adult males from the United Kingdom previously diagnosed with XLI. Participants were asked to return routine electrocardiogram (ECG) traces from the watch three times per week over an eight week period (plus any traces associated with watch alerts indicating arrhythmic episodes) for review by experienced cardiologists. Feedback was also obtained from participants on the perceived usability/wearability of the watch/app, and on the requirements of the study.
Results: Participants were generally happy with undertaking the study procedures and found the watch/app straightforward to use; consequently there was a very high data return rate (>95%). Some minor suggestions were made regarding protocol improvements. There were few issues with wearability of the watch, including with respect to skin irritation, although one participant did report finding the sensation of wearing the watch continuously somewhat overwhelming. Three participants exhibited no ECG abnormalities, but two presented with ventricular ectopic beats (VEs); one participant presenting with a particularly high burden of VEs was advised to contact his doctor. Only one watch ‘alert’ ECG was returned, and this was considered normal sinus rhythm, suggesting the possibility of ‘false positive’ calls.
Conclusions: Screening for cardiac rhythm abnormalities using smartwatches in the high-risk adult male XLI population appears useful, feasible, and acceptable to patients and a larger-scale clinical trial may be warranted (as may a similar feasibility trial in younger males with XLI). Potentially, such devices may be more suited to detecting persistent abnormalities rather than unpredictable, acute, arrhythmic episodes. The presence of high numbers of VEs in some participants with XLI is consistent with the idea of septal defects mediating arrhythmia risk.
Мир героя в тексте и вне его (О понимании воинской добродетели Геракла)
Authors: В.К. Пичугина 
Published: October 2024

В разделе книги обсуждаются образы Геракла-лучника, присутствующие в текстах античных авторов и на керамике VII–IV вв. до н.э. и дающие представление об изменении понимания воинской добродетели через противопоставление лучников и гоплитов. Из корпуса источников выбраны те, которые позволяют представить особенности образовательного пути героя, и исключены тексты и изображения Геракла, совершающего подвиги. Традиционно образ Геракла рисуется как образ воина, сражающегося разными типами вооружения, но отдающего предпочтение луку. Калейдоскоп образов Геракла начинается от образов ребенка, который не побоялся напасть луком на богов, до взрослого героя, который часто вел себя как ребенок и совершал множество преступлений с использованием лука (напр., убийства наставников — Эврита и Хирона). Превознесение или порицание героя за выбор лука было следствием ряда факторов: развития древнегреческого военного дела, переосмысления воинской доблести Гомером и другими античными авторами, острых переживаний военных конфликтов (напр., битвы при Платеях). Традиция веками связывала Геракла с луком, который рассматривался и как символ арете, и как орудие труса, очерчивая все новые и новые контуры пайдеий героя.
This book section presents the images of Heracles as an archer, present in the ancient texts and on ceramics of the 7th – 4th c. BC. These images give an idea of the change in the understanding of military virtue through the opposition of archers and hoplites. From the corpus of sources, only those have been selected that allow us to present the features of the educational path of the hero, and texts and images of Heracles performing feats are excluded. Traditionally, the image of Heracles is drawn as an image of a warrior fighting with different types of weapons, but preferring a bow. The kaleidoscope of images of Heracles starts from images of a child who was not afraid to attack the gods with a bow, to an adult hero who often behaved like a child and committed many crimes using a bow. The latter include the murders of mentors — Eurytus and Chiron. The exaltation or condemnation of a hero for choosing a bow was the result of a number of factors: the development of ancient Greek warfare, the rethinking of military prowess by Homer and other ancient authors, and acute experiences of military conflicts (for example, the Battle of Plataea). Tradition for centuries associated Heracles with a bow, which was either seen as a symbol of an arete, or as a coward’s tool, outlining more and more new contours of the hero’s paideia.
Ментальная картина мира ал-Идриси
Authors: И.Г. КОНОВАЛОВА 
Published: October 2024

Раздел книги посвящен проблемам интерпретации средневекового географического текста, в частности, реконструкции методов работы средневекового автора с целью воссоздания ментальной картины мира, лежащей в основе его сочинения. Этот вопрос рассматривается на примере всемирной географии арабского ученого XII в. ал-Идриси «Отрада страстно желающего пересечь мир» (Нузхат ал-муштак фи ихтирак ал-афак, 1154). Рассмотрены применявшиеся ал-Идриси принципы распределения материала по различным частям трактата, система авторских отсылок, критерии достоверности и приемы сопоставления сведений из различных источников, сочетание традиционной и новой информации в составе тех или иных сообщений. Делается вывод о творческом подходе ал-Идриси к источникам, в основе которого лежало стремление автора в максимальной степени провести принцип последовательности и полноты изложения. Именно поэтому главным структурообразующим элементом текстовой части сочинения ал-Идриси стали маршрутные данные, которые в ряде случаев отражали не действительное положение вещей, а пространственные представления самого географа, его способ интерпретации исходного материала.
This book section is devoted to the problems of interpreting a medieval geographical text, in particular, to reconstructing the methods of work of a medieval author in order to recreate the mental picture of the world that underlies his work. This question is considered on the example of the world geography of the outstanding Arab scholar of the 12th century al-Idrīsī “The book of pleasant journeys into faraway lands” (Kitāb Nuzhat al-Mushtāq fī’khtirāq al-āfāq, 1154). The principles of distribution of material in different parts of the treatise, the system of authorial references, the criteria of reliability and methods of comparing information from different sources, the combination of traditional and new information in the composition of certain messages are considered. The conclusion is made about creative approach of al-Idrīsī to his sources, which was based on the author’s desire to implement the principle of consistency and completeness of presentation to the maximum extent. That is why the main structure-forming element of the text part of the treatise was the route data, which in a number of cases reflected not the actual state of affairs, but the spatial ideas of the geographer himself, his way of interpreting the source material.
К вопросу опересмотре устаревших истин: “Pseudodoxia epidemica...” (I, 6–9) Томаса Брауна
Authors: Г.В. Шпак 
Published: October 2024

В разделе книги публикуется перевод избранных глав научного трактата “Pseudodoxia Epidemica...” (I, 6–9) английского врача и натуралиста Томаса Брауна (1605–1682). Выбор глав обусловлен их аналитической составляющей, направленной на переоценку значимости трудов авторов прошлого. Позиция Т. Брауна относительно пересмотра научного наследия сложилась на фоне общих трансформаций, происходивших в области знания в Англии в конце XVI и первой половине XVII веков. Это был период, когда такие идеологи экспериментального метода, как Ф. Бэкон и У. Гилберт, отстаивали необходимость личной перепроверки свидетельств прошлого, а такие схоласты, как Г. Гудмен и А. Росс, заявляли о превосходстве свидетельств древности над субъективной информацией, основанной на недостоверном личном опыте. Эти главы позволяют оценить роль, которую сыграл в этом процессе Т. Браун, который являет собою как бы связующее звено между схоластом-перипатетиком и экспериментатором-натурфилософом.
This section of book presents a translation of the chapters of the scientific treatise “Pseudodoxia Epidemica...” by the English physician and naturalist Thomas Browne (1605–1682). The choice of chapters is due to their analytical component, aimed at reassessing the significance of the works of authors of the past. T. Browne’s position regarding the revision of the scientific heritage is due to the general transformations occurring in the field of knowledge in England at the end of the 16thand first half of the 17th centuries. It was a period, when such ideologists of the experimental method as F. Bacon and W. Gilbert defended the need for personal re-verification of the evidence of the Past, and such scholastics as G. Goodman and A. Ross declared the superiority of the evidence of antiquity over subjective information based on the unreliable personal experience. These chapters make it possible to evaluate the role played in this process by T. Browne, who is in some way a transitional link between the Peripatetic scholastic and the experimentalist natural philosopher.
«Славянский мир как он есть»: концепция панславизма Г.А. Ильинского в контексте интеллектуального наследия отечественной школы славистики
Authors: В.А. Болдин 
Published: October 2024

В разделе книги рассматривается эволюция взглядов отечественных ученых-славистов в начале XX века. В центре внимания фигура Григория Андреевича Ильинского (1876–1937), будущего академика и одного из виднейших историков-славистов своего поколения. В начале XX века Ильинский был активным участником петербургского кружка «Славянская беседа», ставившего перед собой задачу объединять студентов высших учебных заведений для научных собеседований по славянским делам, а также выработки нового славянского мировоззрения, способного отвечать вызовам эпохи. Свою позицию Ильинский изложил в статье «Что такое истинное славянофильство?» (1901), вышедшей на страницах издаваемого в Вене журнал «Славянский век» (1900–1904). Взгляды Ильинского демонстрируют эволюцию панславистских политических концепций в начале XX века: отказ от старых славянофильских трактовок славянской идеи, а также пересмотр роли России в славянском мире. Впервые публикуется полный текст статьи Г.А. Ильинского «Что такое истинное славянофильство?», сопровождаемый научным комментарием.
This book section examines the evolution of the views of Russian Slavic scholars in the early 20th century, focusing on Grigory Andreevich Ilyinsky, a future academician and one of the leading Slavic historians of his time. At the turn of the century, Ilyinsky was an active member of the St. Petersburg intellectual group “Slavic Conversation”, which aimed to bring together students for discussions on Slavic topics and to develop a new Slavic ideology that could address the challenges of their time. Ilyinsky articulated his position in the paper “What is True Slavophilism?”, which was published in the “Slavic Century” journal, which was published in Vienna between 1900 and 1904. Ilyinsky’s views demonstrate the evolution of Pan-Slavic political ideas in the early 20thcentury. It challenges the traditional Slavophile interpretation of Slavic idea and reevaluates Russia’s role within the Slavic world. This is the first time that the complete text of “What is True Slavophilism” has been published, accompanied by a scholarly commentary.
ПОНЯТИЕ «НАДЛЕЖАЩЕГО ПО ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВАМ» (καθῆκον κατὰ περίστασιν) В РАННЕЙ СТОИЧЕСКОЙ ЭТИКЕ
Authors: А.В. СЕРЁГИН 
Published: October 2024

В разделе книги предлагается перевод и подробный анализ раннестои-ческих фрагментов, относящихся к понятию «надлежащего по обстоятель-ствам», которое в целом предполагает, что в особых обстоятельствах должными могут становиться такие действия, которые обычно являются недолжными. Исследуются вопросы о нормативных основаниях, стоящих за «надлежащим по обстоятельствам», характере этих обстоятельств, а также о том, кто именно по мнению ранних стоиков может и должен его совершать — только мудрецы или и немудрецы тоже.
This part of the book offers a translation and a detailed analysis of early Stoic fragments concerning the notion of “circumstantially appropriate actˮ, which in general suggests that under special circumstances, actions that are normally not appropriate may become appropriate. The questions of the normative grounds behind “circumstantially appropriate actˮ, the nature of these circumstances, and who exactly in the opinion of the early Stoics can and should perform it — only sages or non-sages too — are investigated.
Porównanie rozkładów dawek dla radioterapii stereotaktycznej nowotworu płuc dla dwóch technik dynamicznych IMRT i VMAT
Authors: Kosmowska Justyna , Kinga Graczyk  , Weronika Kijeska  , Maria Radomiak  , Agnieszka Skrobała  
Published: October 2024

Celem pracy było porównanie rozkładów dawek dla radioterapii stereotaktycznej nowotworu płuc dla dwóch technik dynamicznych: techniki radioterapii z modulowaną intensywnością dawki (IMRT, ang. Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy) i techniki obrotowej z modulacją intensywności dawki (VMAT, ang. Volumetric Modulated Arc Theraphy). Grupę badawcza stanowiło 5 pacjentów z nowotworem zlokalizowanym w prawym płucu, średnica guza na obrazach tomografii komputerowej nie przekraczała 5 cm. Podczas przygotowania pacjenta do radioterapii wykonano czterowymiarową tomografię komputerową (4DCT, ang. four dimension computer tomography). Dawka zadana dla planowanej objętości leczenej (PTV, ang. Planning Target Volume) wynosiła 50 Gy w 5 frakcjach, zastosowano energię 6 MV bez filtra spłaszczającego (FFF, ang. Flatening Filter Free). Dla każdego z planów leczenia wykonano weryfikacje dozymetryczną, zrealizowaną z wykorzystaniem stałego fantomu dozymetrycznego OCTAVIUS 4D oraz matrycy OCTAVIUS 1600 SRS (PTW, Freiburg, Niemcy). Plany zostały porównane metodą analizy gamma w podejściu lokalnym dla następujących parametrów: DD (ang. dose diffrence – różnica dawki) 2%, DTA (ang. distance to agreement – dopuszczalna odległość między punktami) 2 mm, próg odcięcia niskich dawek: 5% dawki maksymalnej, akceptowalny odsetek punktów spełniających kryteria analizy gamma > 95%. Dla objętości PTV przeanalizowano następujące parametry: wartości dawki zdeponowanej w 98% oraz 2% objętości PTV oraz dawki, które otrzymały narządy krytyczne. Dawki dla OAR były zgodne z dawkami toleracji opisanymi w raporcie QUANTEC (ang. Quantitative Analyses of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic). Wykazano, że w technice IMRT narządy krytyczne otrzymują nieznacznie wyższe dawki, lecz nie przekraczające dawek tolerancji. Ze względu na liczbę wiązek terapeutycznych dla techniki IMRT czas leczenia był znacznie dłuższy niż dla techniki VMAT.