bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of micronized and nano-copper azole on marine benthic communities
Authors: Ho Kay T. , Portis Lisa , Chariton Anthony A. , Pelletier Marguerite , Cantwell Mark , Katz David , Cashman Michaela , Parks Ashley , Baguley Jeffrey G. , Conrad-Forrest Nathan , Boothman Warren , Luxton Todd , Simpson Stuart L. , Fogg Sandra , Burgess Robert M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

The widespread use of copper nanomaterials (CuNMs) as antibacterial and antifouling agents in consumer products increases the risk for metal contamination and adverse effects in aquatic environments. Information gaps exist on the potential toxicity of CuNMs in marine environments. We exposed field-collected marine meio- and macrobenthic communities to sediments spiked with micronized copper azole (MCA) using a novel method that brings intact benthic cores into the laboratory and exposes the organisms via surface application of sediments. Treatments included field and laboratory controls, 3 spiked sediments: low-MCA (51.9 mg/kg sediment), high-MCA (519 mg/kg sediment), and CuSO4 (519 mg/kg sediment). In addition, single-species acute testing was performed with both MCA and CuSO4. Our results indicate that meio- and macrofaunal assemblages exposed to High-MCA and CuSO4 treatments differed significantly from both the laboratory control and the low-MCA treatments. Differences in macrofauna were driven by decreases in 3 Podocopa ostracod species, the bivalve Gemma gemma, and the polychaetes Exogone verugera and Prionospio heterobranchia relative to the laboratory control. Differences in the meiofaunal community are largely driven by nematodes. The benthic community test results were more sensitive than the single-species test results. Findings of this investigation indicate that CuNMs represent a source of risk to marine benthic communities comparable to that of dissolved Cu. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:362–375. Published 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Cytoarchitectonically‐driven MRI atlas of nonhuman primate hippocampus: Preservation of subfield volumes in aging
Authors: Kyle Colin T. , Stokes Jared , Bennett Jeffrey , Meltzer Jeri , Permenter Michele R. , Vogt Julie A. , Ekstrom Arne , Barnes Carol A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIdentification of primate hippocampal subfields in vivo using structural MRI imaging relies on variable anatomical guidelines, signal intensity differences, and heuristics to differentiate between regions (Yushkevich et al., 2015a). Thus, a clear anatomically‐driven basis for subfield demarcation is lacking. Recent work, however, has begun to develop methods to use ex vivo histology or ex vivo MRI (Adler et al., 2014; Iglesias et al., 2015) that have the potential to inform subfield demarcations of in vivo images. For optimal results, however, ex vivo and in vivo images should ideally be matched within the same healthy brains, with the goal to develop a neuroanatomically‐driven basis for in vivo structural MRI images. Here, we address this issue in young and aging rhesus macaques (young n = 5 and old n = 5) using ex vivo Nissl‐stained sections in which we identified the dentate gyrus, CA3, CA2, CA1, subiculum, presubiculum, and parasubiculum guided by morphological cell properties (30 μm thick sections spaced at 240 μm intervals and imaged at 161 nm/pixel). The histologically identified boundaries were merged with in vivo structural MRIs (0.625 × 0.625 × 1 mm) from the same subjects via iterative rigid and diffeomorphic registration resulting in probabilistic atlases of young and old rhesus macaques. Our results indicate stability in hippocampal subfield volumes over an age range of 13 to 32 years, consistent with previous results showing preserved whole hippocampal volume in aged macaques (Shamy et al., 2006). Together, our methods provide a novel approach for identifying hippocampal subfields in non‐human primates and a potential ‘ground truth’ for more accurate identification of hippocampal subfield boundaries on in vivo MRIs. This could, in turn, have applications in humans where accurately identifying hippocampal subfields in vivo is a critical research goal.
Reactivity of Nitroalkyl Anions Addition to Substituted Benzylidenecyanoacetates: Electrophilicity Parameters and Free Energy Relationships
Authors: Azaiez K. , Dhahri N. , Boubaker T. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe kinetics of the reactions of benzylidenecyanoacetates 1a–d (X = H, Me, OMe, and NMe2) with nitroalkyl anions 2a–c have been studied in aqueous solution at 20°C. The second‐order rate constants are used to evaluate the electrophilicity parameter E of these series of Michael acceptors 1a–d according to the linear free enthalpy relationship log k (20°C) = sN (E + N). The measured E values were found to cover a domain of reactivity, ranging from −10.07 for the most reactive electrophile 1a (X = H) to −14.04 for the less electrophile 1d (X = NMe2). Mayr's approach was found to correctly predict the rate constants for the reactions of these series of olefins 1a–d with the hydroxide ion in water and 50% water–50% acetonitrile at 20°C. Analysis of the kinetic measurements using the Brönsted relationship shows that βnuc values remain remarkably constant for changes in the nature of the substituent X. A notable finding of this work is perhaps provided by the observed large changes in the electrophilicity parameter E on going from benzylidenecyanoacetates 1 to their analogues benzylidenemalonates 3 (ΔE ∼ 9.06–10.48), whereas the replacement of second CO2Et group by the CN group in 1 to give benzylidenemalononitriles 4 has little effect on electrophilic reactivity, i.e., ΔE ∼ 0.65–0.95. This abnormal pattern in the E values has been attributed to the resonance interaction and salvation effects. On the other hand, the effect of benzylidenecyanoacetate substituents on the electrophilic reactivity was examined quantitatively on the basis of the electrophilicity parameter E, leading to linear correlation of E with Hammett–Brown substituent constants (). More importantly, the four electrophiles have comparable log ko values, which are located at a relatively low level, i.e., log ko ≤ 4–5, in the intrinsic reactivity scale.
Simultaneous measurement of bacterial abundance and composition in response to biochar in soybean field soil using 16S rRNA gene sequencing
Authors: Liu Xiaorui , Li Jia , Yu Lu , Pan Hong , Liu Haiyang , Liu Yimeng , Di Hongjie , Li Yong , Xu Jianming 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBiochar is an important soil conditioner. However, we have limited understanding of biochar effects on the microbial community traits of the rhizosphere and bulk soil in the field. The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of biochar amendment on microbial abundance and community in the rhizosphere and bulk soils in soybean‐growing fields. We applied 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing with an internal standard gene to quantitatively investigate biochar‐mediated changes in microbial composition and abundance in rhizosphere and bulk soils. The results indicated that the absolute abundance of bacterial taxa with internal standard can be more informative in describing soil microbial population distribution. A linear discriminant analysis effect size differential analysis showed that the biochar amendment significantly altered the soil microbial abundance and community composition. The bacteria in the rhizosphere soil showed more clear responses to biochar addition than the bacteria in the bulk soil. These results highlight the enhanced effect by biochar on bacterial population distribution in the rhizosphere. 16S rRNA gene sequencing with internal standard gene represents an effective method that can substantially improve 16S‐seq based microbiome studies by determining the 16S rRNA gene abundance and bacterial community composition simultaneously.
Putting an end to download‐and‐go: The website's role in a content marketing ecosystem
Authors: Wilcock Jacob 
Published: October 2017

Key points
Publishers must think of their websites as marketing tools as well as content delivery systems.
The five major strategies of content marketing are promotion, personalization, targeting, consumerization, and analysis and optimization.
Publishers must treat readers as customers, not simply as end users.
Content marketing is about the environment in which content exists, as well as the form that it takes.
To compete with pirate sites, publishers need to provide a richer user experience.
Content marketing benefits authors and readers as well as publishers.
Readers want the same enjoyable user experience and tailored content on all sites they visit.
Content marketing can increase site traffic, lengthen visits, boost revenues, thwart piracy, and heighten brand impact.
Transforming with a Soft Touch: Comparing Four Learning Networks
Authors: Goldstein Bruce Evan , Chase Claire , Frankel‐Goldwater Lee , Osborne‐Gowey Jeremiah , Risien Julie , Schweizer Sarah 
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we consider how learning networks build capacity for system transformation. We define learning networks as inter‐organizational voluntary collaboratives that nurture professional expertise and describe their potential to catalyse systemic change by disrupting old habits, fostering new relationships, and providing freedom to experiment. We conducted a parallel study of four learning networks, which vary in age since founding from 2 to 25 years, applying three exploratory questions across our cases. We conclude by considering how learning networks can foster transformative capacity within social‐ecological systems when they are designed and facilitated with a soft touch so that network members in different sites have the freedom to define their place and purpose within their system, as well as their role in bringing about a desired transformation. We suggest that system transformation is not just the sum of similar efforts at different sites and scales or a least common denominator between them but is emergent from interaction between the partially shared understandings of actors within and between sites, and across network scales. A well‐designed network is a learning system that encompasses these multiple perspectives, and good netweaving mediates different ways of system knowing without collapsing them into one perspective. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Misoprostol treatment vs expectant management in women with early non‐viable pregnancy and vaginal bleeding: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fernlund A. , Jokubkiene L. , Sladkevicius P. , Valentin L. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare vaginal misoprostol treatment with expectant management in early non‐viable pregnancy with vaginal bleeding with regard to complete evacuation of the uterine cavity within 10 days after randomization.MethodsThis was a parallel randomized controlled, open‐label trial conducted in Skåne University Hospital, Sweden. Patients with anembryonic pregnancy or early fetal demise (crown–rump length ≤ 33 mm) and vaginal bleeding were randomly allocated to either expectant management or treatment with a single dose of 800 μg misoprostol administered vaginally. Patients were evaluated clinically and by ultrasound until complete evacuation of the uterus was achieved (no gestational sac in the uterine cavity and maximum anteroposterior diameter of the intracavitary contents < 15 mm as measured by transvaginal ultrasound on midsagittal view). Follow‐up visits were planned at 10, 17, 24 and 31 days. Dilatation and evacuation (D&E) was recommended if miscarriage was not complete within 31 days, but was performed earlier at patient's request, or if there was excessive bleeding as judged clinically. Analysis was by intention to treat. The main outcome measure was number of patients with complete miscarriage without D&E ≤ 10 days.ResultsNinety‐four patients were randomized to misoprostol treatment and 95 to expectant management. After exclusion of three patients and withdrawal of consent by two patients in the expectant management group, 90 women were included in this group. Miscarriage was complete ≤ 10 days in 62/94 (66%) of the patients in the misoprostol group and in 39/90 (43%) of those in the group managed expectantly (risk difference (RD) = 23%; 95% CI, 8–37%). At 31 days, the corresponding figures were 81/94 (86%) and 55/90 (61%) (RD = 25%; 95% CI, 12–38%). Two patients from each group underwent emergency D&E because of excessive bleeding and one of these in each group received blood transfusion. The number of patients undergoing D&E at their own request was higher in the expectantly managed group, 15/90 (17%) vs 3/94 (3%) in the misoprostol group (RD = 14%; 95% CI, 4–23%), as was the number of patients making out‐of‐protocol visits, 50/90 (56%) vs 27/94 (29%) (RD = 27%; 95% CI, 12–40%). Compared with the expectant management group, more patients in the misoprostol group experienced pain (71/77 (92%) vs 91/91 (100%); RD = 8%; 95% CI, 1–17%) and used painkillers (59/77 (77%) vs 85/91 (93%); RD = 17%; 95% CI, 5–29%). No major side effect was reported in any group.ConclusionsIn women with early non‐viable pregnancy and vaginal bleeding, misoprostol treatment is more effective than is expectant management for complete evacuation of the uterus. Both methods are safe but misoprostol treatment is associated with more pain than is expectant management. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Is adaptation reducing vulnerability or redistributing it?
Authors: Atteridge Aaron , Remling Elise 
Published: October 2017

As globalization and other pressures intensify the economic, social and biophysical connections between people and places, it seems likely that adaptation responses intended to ameliorate the impacts of climate change might end up shifting risks and vulnerability between people and places. Building on earlier conceptual work in maladaptation and other literature, this article explores the extent to which concerns about vulnerability redistribution have influenced different realms of adaptation practice. The review leads us to conclude that the potential for adaptation to redistribute risk or vulnerability is being given only sparse—and typically superficial—attention by practitioners. Concerns about ‘maladaptation’, and occasionally vulnerability redistribution specifically, are mentioned on the margins but do not significantly influence the way adaptation choices are made or evaluated by policy makers, project planners or international funds. In research, the conceptual work on maladaptation is yet to translate into a significant body of empirical literature on the distributional impacts of real‐world adaptation activities, which we argue calls into question our current knowledge base about adaptation. These gaps are troubling, because a process of cascading adaptation endeavors globally seems likely to eventually re‐distribute risks or vulnerabilities to communities that are already marginalized and vulnerable. We conclude by discussing the implications that the potential for vulnerability redistribution might have for the governance of adaptation processes, and offer some reflections on how research might contribute to addressing gaps in knowledge and in practice. WIREs Clim Change 2018, 9:e500. doi: 10.1002/wcc.500This article is categorized under:

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Values‐Based Approach to Vulnerability and Adaptation
Uses of dynamic simulation to predict thermal‐energy performance of buildings and districts: a review
Authors: Castaldo Veronica Lucia , Pisello Anna Laura 
Published: October 2017

The design of sustainable constructions also resilient to climate change has become a challenging issue given the increasing greenhouse emissions rate imputable to the built environment in urban areas. In this context, dynamic simulation models represent a suitable tool to support the design from very preliminary phases, since they allow an accurate prediction of the constructions requirements, their environmental performance, and indoor comfort conditions for their occupants. Therefore, starting from specific inputs, that is, weather conditions, construction technologies, materials, energy systems, operation settings, occupancy, and so forth, it is possible to estimate the realistic building energy performance. Moreover, the calibration procedures allow making the model even more representative of the field conditions of a construction. Given the massive progress carried out by the scientific community during the last decades, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the different building dynamic simulation approaches and available tools. While previous review studies focused on single separated aspects of dynamic simulations approaches, that is, calibration methods, software, simulation of single building energy systems, the aim of the present review is to propose a more holistic approach by investigating the recent scientific progress in simulating realistic dense urban environments. In this view, the review focus bridges the gap between the simulation at single‐building level and simulation at the increasingly important neighborhood scale by showing the multiple benefits deriving from using dynamic simulation tools at district level, for a more reliable investigation of building performance in their urban context, where more than 50% of the global population worldwide currently lives. WIREs Energy Environ 2018, 7:e269. doi: 10.1002/wene269.This article is categorized under:

Energy and Urban Design > Systems and Infrastructure
Solar Heating and Cooling > Climate and Environment
Energy Efficiency > Climate and Environment
Energy Efficiency > Science and Materials
Preoperative Imaging Overestimates the Tumor Size in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Authors: Polenta V. , Slater E. P. , Kann P. H. , Albers M. B. , Manoharan J. , Ramaswamy A. , Mahnken A. H. , Bartsch D. K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundRadiological tumor size of non‐functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (Nf‐pNENs) associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a crucial parameter to indicate surgery. The aim of this study was to compare radiological size (RS) and pathologic size (PS) of MEN1 associated with pNENs.MethodsProspectively collected data of MEN1 patients who underwent pancreatic resections for pNENs were retrospectively analyzed. RS was defined as the largest tumor diameter measured on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT). PS was defined as the largest tumor diameter on pathological analysis. Student’s t test and linear regression analysis were used to compare the median RS and PS. p < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsForty‐four patients with a median age of 37 (range 10–68) years underwent primary pancreatic resections for pNENs. Overall, the median RS (20 mm, range 3–100 mm) was significantly larger than the PS (13 mm, range 4–110 mm) (p = 0.001). In patients with pNENs < 20 mm (n = 27), the size difference (median RS 15 mm vs PS 12 mm) was also significant (p = 0.003). However, the only modality that significantly overestimated the PS was EUS (median RS 14 mm vs 11 mm; p = 0.0002). RS overestimated the PS in 21 patients (21 of 27 patients, 78%). Five of 11 patients (12%) with a Nf‐pNEN and a RS > 20 mm had in reality a PS < 20 mm. MRI was the imaging technique that best correlated with PS in the total cohort (r = 0.8; p < 0.0001), whereas EUS was the best correlating imaging tool in pNENs < 20 mm (r = 0.5; p = 0.0001).ConclusionPreoperative imaging, especially EUS, frequently overestimates the size of MEN1‐pNENs, especially those with a PS < 20 mm. This should be considered when indicating surgery in MEN1 patients with small Nf‐pNENs.
Optimization of C16 and C18 fatty alcohol production by an engineered strain of Lipomyces starkeyi
Authors: McNeil Bonnie A , Stuart David T 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi was engineered for the production of long-chain fatty alcohols by expressing a fatty acyl-CoA reductase, mFAR1, from Mus musculus. The optimal conditions for production of fatty alcohols by this strain were investigated. Increased carbon-to-nitrogen ratios led to efficient C16 and C18 fatty alcohol production from glucose, xylose and glycerol. Batch cultivation resulted in a titer of 1.7 g/L fatty alcohol from glucose which represents a yield of 28 mg of fatty alcohols per gram of glucose. This relatively high level of production with minimal genetic modification indicates that L. starkeyi may be an excellent host for the bioconversion of carbon-rich waste streams, particularly lignocellulosic waste, to C16 and C18 fatty alcohols.
Ecological variables determining the presence of lizards in the Sistan region, Eastern Iran
Authors: Sanchooli Nasser 
Published: October 2017

AbstractClimate condition is an important key affecting species presence, especially for reptiles. Precipitation and temperature are especially important environmental factors to consider. In the present study, I collected as many presence records as possible for seven lizard species from the Sistan region and analyzed them in relation to environmental variables using the maximum entropy algorithm. According to the analysis, temperature seasonality affected the distributions of three species (Eremias fasciata, Ophiomorus tridactylus, Teratoscincus bedriagai) and precipitation affected the presence of four species (Ablepharus pannonicus, Bunopus tuberculatus, Cyrtopodion scabrum, Trapelus agilis). The most important variable affecting E. fasciata and O.tridactylus (23% of contribution) is isothermality. For T. bedriagai, temperature seasonality was more important (32% contribution). Annual precipitation was the most highly contributed variable for A. pannonicus. Precipitation of the wettest month has a high contribution for the other species, representing 49, 48, and 54% for B. tuberculatus, C. scabrum and T. agilis, respectively.
Weekly observations of online survey metadata obtained through home computer use allow for detection of changes in everyday cognition before transition to mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Seelye Adriana , Mattek Nora , Sharma Nicole , Riley Thomas , Austin Johanna , Wild Katherine , Dodge Hiroko H. , Lore Emily , Kaye Jeffrey 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionSubtle changes in instrumental activities of daily living often accompany the onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) but are difficult to measure using conventional tests.MethodsWeekly online survey metadata metrics, annual neuropsychological tests, and an instrumental activity of daily living questionnaire were examined in 110 healthy older adults with intact cognition (mean age = 85 years) followed up for up to 3.6 years; 29 transitioned to MCI during study follow‐up.ResultsIn the baseline period, incident MCI participants completed their weekly surveys 1.4 hours later in the day than stable cognitively intact participants, P = .03, d = 0.47. Significant associations were found between earlier survey start time of day and higher memory (r = −0.34; P < .001) and visuospatial test scores (r = −0.37; P < .0001). Longitudinally, incident MCI participants showed an increase in survey completion time by 3 seconds per month for more than the year before diagnosis compared with stable cognitively intact participants (β = 0.12, SE = 0.04, t = 2.8; P = .006).DiscussionWeekly online survey metadata allowed for detection of changes in everyday cognition before transition to MCI.