bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior Colporrhaphy With and Without Dermal Allograft: A Randomized Control Trial With Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Iyer Shilpa , Seitz Miriam , Tran Alexis , Scalabrin Reis Renata , Botros Carolyn , Lozo Svjetlana , Botros Sylvia , Sand Peter , Tomezsko Janet , Wang Chi , Gafni-Kane Adam 
Published: January 2018

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine whether anterior colporrhaphy plus insertion of anterior dermal allograft reduces anterior prolapse recurrence at 1 and 7 to 10 years postoperatively compared with anterior colporrhaphy alone.

Methods
We present a nonblinded randomized controlled trial with 1- and 7- to 10-year follow-up. Subjects were randomized between 2005 and 2008 to anterior colporrhaphy or ultralateral anterior colporrhaphy plus insertion of a dermal allograft spanning the anterior compartment between the arcus tendineus fascia pelvis on each side. Eligible subjects had anterior prolapse to the hymen or beyond, were bothered by their prolapse, and were planning to undergo surgical correction. Subjects completed a pelvic organ prolapse quantification system (POPQ) examination and Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI)/PFDI-20 before surgery; a POPQ, PFDI, and Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire at 1 year postoperatively; and a POPQ, PFDI-20, Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire, Revised, and Patient-reported Global Impression of Improvement Inventory at 7 to 10 years postoperatively. Our primary outcome was anatomic anterior prolapse recurrence at 1 or 7 to 10 years defined as Aa or Ba greater than or equal to −1. Our secondary outcome was a composite score of anterior prolapse recurrence at 1 or 7 to 10 years defined as anatomic recurrence (Aa or Ba ≥ 0), retreatment for cystocele, or answering yes to PFDI-20 question 3 (subjective report of vaginal bulge).

Results
A total of 114 subjects were randomized, 70 to anterior colporrhaphy and 44 to anterior colporrhaphy plus dermal allograft. About 92% of subjects underwent concomitant apical suspension, 98% in the graft group and 89% in the nongraft group. Eighty-nine subjects (32 graft [73%], 57 nongraft [81%]) returned for 1-year follow-up. Fifty-three patients (19 graft [48%], 34 nongraft [49%]) returned for 7- to 10-year follow-up. The primary outcome was met by 8 (18%) graft and 22 (31%) nongraft subjects at 1 year postoperatively (P = 0.26) and by 10 (23%) graft and 24 (34%) nongraft subjects at 7 to 10 years postoperatively (P = 0.37). The secondary outcome was met by 8 (18%) graft and 15 (21%) nongraft subjects at 1 year postoperatively (P = 0.74) and by 13 (30%) graft and 21 (30.0%) nongraft subjects at 7 to 10 years postoperatively (P = 0.99).

Conclusions
We cannot conclude whether there is a difference in anterior recurrence for anterior colporrhaphy with and without dermal allograft and do not recommend changes in clinical practice based on these results.
Peripartum Perineal Hernia: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Hines Katherine N. , Badlani Gopal H. , Matthews Catherine A. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives
This article reviews the literature for the management and repair of perineal hernias and presents a previously undescribed case of perineal bladder herniation after intrapartum pubic symphysis rupture.

Methods
A review of the literature was completed through the PubMed database using the search terms “bladder,” “canal of Nuck,” “labial hernia,” “gynecology,” “hernia,” “obstetrics,” “perineal hernia,” “postpartum,” “pubic diastasis,” “pubic symphysis,” “vaginal delivery,” “symphyseal rupture,” and “symphyseal separation.” The electronic medical record for the patient was reviewed and used with the consent of the patient.

Results
There were no reports of peripartum perineal hernias in the English language literature on human subjects. Literature review with the previously mentioned search terms demonstrated that there is not a standardized approach to repair given the rarity of these defects. There are data to support the use of mesh as opposed to primary repair but no data to support abdominal versus perineal versus combined approach. We describe a successful repair of a complicated peripartum perineal hernia using a combined abdominal-perineal approach with mesh.

Conclusions
Obstetric trauma is a previously unreported cause of perineal hernias. Perineal hernias are rare conditions that must be considered in any patient who presents with a bulging perineal mass. Puerperal pubic symphysis rupture can lead to a large bladder hernia. Our combined abdominal-perineal approach of repair resulted in minimal perioperative morbidity and short-term resolution of the hernia.
Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Impact of Intraurethral Lidocaine on Urodynamic Voiding Parameters
Authors: Kisby Cassandra K. , Gonzalez Eric J. , Visco Anthony G. , Amundsen Cindy L. , Grill Warren M. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives
The aim of the study was to determine whether intraurethral anesthesia decreases voiding efficiency (VE; voided volume/(voided volume + residual volume)) and impacts other urodynamic parameters in healthy female volunteers during urodynamic studies.

Methods
This was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of asymptomatic women aged 18 to 60 years. Subjects completed a visual analog scale and baseline questionnaires to assess pain and lower urinary tract symptoms, respectively. They performed an uninstrumented baseline uroflow, followed by physiologic filling to 250 mL or greater. Subjects were randomized to receive 5 mL of intraurethral aqueous gel or 2% lidocaine gel and then underwent a second uninstrumented uroflow. They then completed complex cystometry, urethral pressure profilometry, and pressure-flow studies.

Results
Twenty-three randomized subjects (12 placebo, 11 lidocaine) were included. Baseline uroflow VE was similar between the placebo and lidocaine groups. After study drug administration, VE was not different between groups (89.3 [85.9–93.9] vs 89.5 [82.5–91.7], P = 0.74). There were also no differences between groups in visual analog scale scores, sensation during cystometry, maximum urethral closure pressure, or micturition parameters (maximum detrusor pressure and detrusor pressure at maximum flow). The placebo group had a lower percentage of interrupted flow pattern (0% vs 36%, P = 0.02) and a lower rate of increased electromyographic activity during micturition (25% vs 73%, P = 0.02).

Conclusions
In this pilot study of 23 asymptomatic women, intraurethral administration of lidocaine did not decrease VE compared with placebo. The lidocaine group had a greater percentage of interrupted flow patterns and increased electromyographic activity during micturition.
Increased risk of fibrinolysis shutdown among severely injured trauma patients receiving tranexamic acid
Authors: Meizoso Jonathan P. , Dudaryk Roman , Mulder Michelle B. , Ray Juliet J. , Karcutskie Charles A. , Eidelson Sarah A. , Namias Nicholas , Schulman Carl I. , Proctor Kenneth G. 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND
The association between tranexamic acid (TXA) and fibrinolysis shutdown is unknown. We hypothesize that TXA is associated with fibrinolysis shutdown in critically injured trauma patients.

METHODS
Two hundred eighteen critically injured adults admitted to the intensive care unit at an urban Level I trauma center from August 2011 to January 2015 who had thromboelastography performed upon intensive care unit admission were reviewed. Groups were stratified based on fibrinolysis shutdown, which was defined as LY30 of 0.8% or less. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). Poisson regression analysis was used to determine predictors of shutdown.

RESULTS
Patients were age 46 ± 18 years, 81% male, 75% blunt trauma, Injury Severity Score of 28 ± 13, 16% received TXA, 64% developed fibrinolysis shutdown, and mortality was 15%. In the first 24 hours, 4 (2–9) units packed red blood cells and 2 (0–6) units fresh frozen plasma were administered. Those with shutdown had worse initial systolic blood pressure (114 ± 38 mm Hg vs. 129 ± 43 mm Hg, p = 0.006) and base deficit (−5 ± 6 mEq/L vs −3 ± 5 mEq/L, p = 0.013); received more packed red blood cells [6 (2–11) vs. 2 (1–5) units, p < 0.0001], and fresh frozen plasma [3 (0–8) vs. 0 (0–4) units, p < 0.0001]; and more often received TXA (23% vs. 4%, p <0.0001). After controlling for confounders, TXA (relative risk, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–1.64; p = 0.004) and cryoprecipitate transfusion (relative risk, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.56; p = 0.007) were independently associated with fibrinolysis shutdown.

CONCLUSION
Patients who received TXA were at increased risk of fibrinolysis shutdown compared with patients who did not receive TXA. We recommend that administration of TXA be limited to severely injured patients with evidence of hyperfibrinolysis and recommend caution in those with evidence of fibrinolysis shutdown.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, level III.
Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for pelvic blunt trauma and life-threatening hemorrhage: A 20-year experience in a Level I trauma center
Authors: Pieper Audrey , Thony Frédéric , Brun Julien , Rodière Mathieu , Boussat Bastien , Arvieux Catherine , Tonetti Jérôme , Payen Jean-François , Bouzat Pierre 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND
Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is increasingly used as a noninvasive clamp of the aorta after diverse posttraumatic injuries. Balloon inflation in zone 3 (from the lower renal artery to the aortic bifurcation) can be performed to stop ongoing bleeding after severe pelvic trauma with life-threatening hemorrhage. The aim of our study was to describe our 20-year experience with REBOA in terms of efficacy and safety in patients with a suspicion of severe pelvic trauma and extreme hemorrhagic shock.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective study from 1996 to 2017 in a French Level I trauma center. All consecutive patients who underwent a REBOA procedure were included. REBOA indication relied on (1) extreme hemodynamic instability (systolic arterial blood pressure [SBP] < 60 mm Hg on admission, SBP < 90 mm Hg despite initial resuscitation in the trauma bay or posttraumatic cardiac arrest) and (2) positive pelvic X-ray. Efficacy endpoints were vital signs and coagulation parameters before and after balloon inflation. Safety endpoints were REBOA-related complications: vascular events, acute renal failure, and rhabdomyolysis.

RESULTS
Within the study period, 32 patients underwent a REBOA procedure. Only two patients had technical failure and balloon was not inflated in one patient. Nineteen patients did not survive at day 28. The REBOA significantly improved SBP from 60 (35–73) mm Hg to 115 (91–128) mm Hg (p < 0.001). We also reported a high rate of vascular complications (19%, n = 5 patients) but no amputation. Renal replacement therapy was initiated in 11 patients, and 15 patients had severe rhabdomyolysis.

CONCLUSION
The REBOA is safe and effective in improving hemodynamics after severe pelvic trauma and life-threatening hemorrhage. Our study supports the use of REBOA as a bridge to definitive hemostatic treatment after severe pelvic trauma.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, level IV.
The Association Between the Severity and Level of Understanding of Depression Among Patients Treated With Antidepressants: A Survey of 424 Outpatients in Japan
Authors: Tomita Tetsu , Yasui-Furukori Norio , Kudo Shuhei , Sugawara Norio , Fujii Akira , Tsuruga Koji , Sato Yasushi , Ishioka Masamichi , Nakamura Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2018

Objectives
The present study investigated the association between the severity and knowledge of depression and attempted to reveal the specific aspects of understanding associated with severity.

Methods
A total of 424 outpatients were enrolled in this study. We used an original self-administered questionnaire: (a) the symptoms of depression, (b) the course of depression, (c) the cause of depression, (d) the treatment plan, (e) the duration of antidepressant use, (f) how to discontinue antidepressant use, (g) the adverse effects of antidepressants, and (h) psychotherapy. Each category consisted of the following questions: “How much do you understand about your treatment?” The level of understanding was rated on an 11-point scale ranging from 0 to 10. The following scales were administered: the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Japanese version (QIDS-J); the Global Assessment of Functioning; and the Clinical Global Impression, Severity scale. Subjects were divided in 5 groups according to severity of QIDS-J. Clinical characteristics were also investigated.

Results
Based on an analysis of variance, significant differences were found among the 5 groups with regard to age at onset, duration of disease, and duration of antidepressant use. A multiple regression analysis revealed that item B significantly and negatively predicted the QIDS-J scores, whereas item C significantly and positively predicted these scores. Some multiple logistic regression models seeking to distinguish severity found that all but items E to H were significantly associated with severity.

Conclusions
Items B and C were significantly negatively and positively associated with depression severity, respectively. Sufficient and suitable psychoeducation in and knowledge of depression might improve the treatment responses in patients with depression.
Newly Developed Skin Picking After Methylphenidate Treatment in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Possible Mechanisms
Authors: Kara Tayfun , Akaltun İsmail 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Dermatillomania is characterized by excessive and repeated skin picking sufficient to damage cutaneous tissue, but with no underlying dermatological disease. The condition appears as an independent diagnosis in the Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. A psychiatric pathology is generally reported to accompany this symptom. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a potentially lifelong condition involving inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders. Treatment includes medication, psychotherapy, and psychosocial therapies. Psychostimulants constitute the basis of treatment of children with ADHD worldwide. We describe a case of skin picking developing after methylphenidate therapy for ADHD. Possible explanations of methylphenidate and skin picking are reviewed in the light of the current literature.
Electrophysiology of Cranial Nerve Testing: Auditory Nerve
Authors: Legatt Alan D. 
Published: January 2018

Summary:
The electrocochleogram and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) are electrophysiologic signals used to assess the auditory nerve. The electrocohleogram includes the cochlear microphonic, the cochlear summating potential, and the eighth nerve compound action potential. It is used predominantly for hearing assessment and for diagnosis of Ménière disease and auditory neuropathy. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials are used for hearing assessment, diagnosis of dysfunction within the cochlea, the auditory nerve, and the brainstem auditory pathways up to the level of the mesencephalon, and intraoperative monitoring of these structures. The earliest BAEP component, wave I, and the eighth nerve compound action potential reflect the same process—the initial depolarization in the distal auditory nerve. Brainstem auditory evoked potential wave II receives contributions from the region of the cochlear nucleus and from the second depolarization in the distal auditory nerve. Wave III and later components are entirely generated rostral to the auditory nerve. Interpretation of BAEP studies is based on waves I, III, and V; auditory nerve dysfunction is manifested as prolongation of the I–III interpeak interval or absence of waves III and V. Eighth nerve tumors can cause a variety of BAEP abnormalities depending on which structures they affect. Adverse intraoperative BAEP changes can have many etiologies, including direct mechanical or thermal injury of tissue, ischemia (including cochlear ischemia or infarction due to compromise of the internal auditory artery), eighth nerve stretch, systemic or localized hypothermia, and artifactual BAEP changes due to technical factors.
Clinical Evaluation of the Vestibular Nerve Using Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials
Authors: Bogle Jamie M. 
Published: January 2018

Summary:
Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials are currently the most clinically accessible method to evaluate the otolith reflex pathways. These responses provide unique information regarding the status of the utriculo-ocular and sacculo-collic reflex pathways, information that has previously been unavailable. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials are recorded from tonically contracted target muscles known to be innervated by these respective otolith organs. Diagnosticians can use vestibular evoked myogenic potentials to better evaluate the overall integrity of the inner ear and neural pathways; however, there are specific considerations for each otolith reflex protocol. In addition, specific patient populations may require protocol variations to better evaluate atypical function of the inner ear organs, vestibular nerve transmission, or subsequent reflex pathways. This is a review of the clinical application and interpretation of cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials.
Electrophysiology of Cranial Nerve Testing: Cranial Nerves IX and X
Authors: Martinez Alberto R. M. , Martins Melina P. , Moreira Ana Lucila , Martins Carlos R. , Kimaid Paulo A. T. , França Marcondes C. 
Published: January 2018

Summary:
The cranial nerves IX and X emerge from medulla oblongata and have motor, sensory, and parasympathetic functions. Some of these are amenable to neurophysiological assessment. It is often hard to separate the individual contribution of each nerve; in fact, some of the techniques are indeed a composite functional measure of both nerves. The main methods are the evaluation of the swallowing function (combined IX and X), laryngeal electromyogram (predominant motor vagal function), and heart rate variability (predominant parasympathetic vagal function). This review describes, therefore, the techniques that best evaluate the major symptoms presented in IX and X cranial nerve disturbance: dysphagia, dysphonia, and autonomic parasympathetic dysfunction.
Methylation of E. coli Class I Release Factors Increases the Accuracy of Translation Termination in vitro
Authors: Korkmaz Gürkan 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTRibosomal protein synthesis (translation) is a highly accurate process. Translation termination, in particular, must be accurate to prevent truncated proteins. How this accuracy is achieved is not fully understood in all its details. Using an E. coli in vitro system, I explore novel mechanisms that contribute to the high accuracy of translation termination. By comparing the Michaelis-Menten parameters of methylated and non-methylated release factors on cognate and non-cognate codons. Post-translational methylation of a strictly conserved GGQ motif in class I release factors increases the accuracy of termination by up to 5-fold. This happens by increasing both the maximum rate of peptide release (kcat) and Michaelis-Menten constant (KM). Further, I demonstrate here that a non-methylated release factor acts like an uncompetitive inhibitor of enzyme reactions. Overall, this study shows that the methylation of class I release factors is a novel mechanism contributing to highly accurate translation termination.AbbreviationsRFrelease factorRCrelease complex
Cross-Modal Cue Effects in Motion Transparency Processing
Authors: Hanada G.M. , Ahveninen J. , Calabro F.J. , Yengo-Kahn A. , Vaina L.M. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe everyday environment brings about many competing inputs from different modalities to our sensory systems. The ability to filter these multisensory inputs in order to identify and efficiently utilize useful spatial cues is necessary to detect and process the relevant information. In the present study, we investigate how feature-based attention affects the detection of motion across sensory modalities. We were interested to determine how subjects use intramodal, crossmodal auditory, and combined audiovisual motion cues to attend to specific visual motion signals. The results show that in most cases, both visual and auditory cues enhance feature-based orienting to a visual motion pattern that is presented among distractor patterns. Furthermore, in many cases, detection of transparent motion patterns was significantly more accurate after combined visual-auditory than unimodal attention cues. Whereas previous studies have shown crossmodal effects of spatial attention, our results demonstrate a spread of crossmodal feature-based attention cues, which have been matched for the detection threshold of the visual target. These effects were evident in comparisons between cued and uncued conditions, as well as in analyses comparing the effects of valid vs. invalid cues.
DNA barcodes and insights into the phylogenetic relationships of butterflies of the genusEurema(Pieridae) from Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Rajpoot Ankita , Kumar Ved Prakash , Bahuguna Archana 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTIn DNA barcoding, mitochondrial gene cytochromecoxidase I recommended as a tool for the rapid identification and discovery of species. GenusEurema, Family Pieridae is a highly diverse and distributed along wide geographic ranges in the world as well as India including approximately 70 species throughout the world. The present study is preliminary approach, we included n=12 specimen (3 samples per species) of four differentEuremaspecies, listed in IUCN as Least concern species, were collected from Uttarakhand (India), to give the DNA barcodes and examine patterns of gene evolution through molecular phylogenetics with publicly available sequences of other 17Euremaspecies present in different countries.The generated (n=12) COI sequences compared with the sequences of the con-specifics submitted from different geographic regions, all four species were correctly identified. The obtained COI barcodes clearly showed the intraspecific and interspecific distance among fourEuremaspecies by using a K2P technique. In spite NJ, clustering analysis also successfully discriminated all four species.In phylogenetic topology, included 21Euremaspecies in the Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analysis recovered all species in two monophyletic clades with strong support and resolved taxonomic position within species groups. Although higher-level relationships among otherEuremaspecies groups require additional study.
Glycolytic repression and reduced GLP-1 secretion by active Farnesoid X Receptor in enteroendocrine L cells achieved via PKLR
Authors: Niss Kristoffer , Brunak Søren 
Published: January 2018

SummaryRise in intestinal glucose increases GLP-1 secretion by enteroendocrine L cells. GLP-1, in turn, stimulates insulin secretion. Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) represses this pathway by manipulating the L cell glycolysis, thus reducing insulin- and GLP-1 secretion. The mechanism by which FXR manipulates the L cell glycolysis is unclear. In this study, we construct an L cell specific protein-protein interactome and identify all significantly active protein complexes, inferred by co-expression scores, in FXR-activated and control L cells. Contrary to previous reports, we find extensive glycolytic enzyme activity in FXR-activated L cells. We present how FXR’s repression of the glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate kinase (PKLR), is causing the reduction in glycolytic activity. This mechanistic insight may aid development of drugs targeting the GLP-1 pathway.