bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pets in the workplace
Authors: Linacre Simon 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoints practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
On the face of it, taking pets to work seems at best to be an idea guaranteed to polarize opinion. On the one hand, some people love dogs and cats, and will gain great satisfaction and peace of mind from having their pets close at hand, or be able to interact with both others’ pets about the workplace. However, on the other hand, there are many people who simply loathe animals, or fear them, or are unable to go near them due to allergies. Having pets at work might work for some, but might not work for others at all.

Practical implications
Provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
When change is not as good as a rest
Authors: Linacre Simon 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
Could the following proposition be true: the net effect of change programs is often miscalculated because they come from the point of view of managers, rather than the employees implementing the change. After all, the effect will be judged on increases in productivity, efficiency, outputs and ultimately the bottom line. These may well be positive, but could they be even better if the effect on employees has been taken into account and acted on?

Practical implications
The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Addressing big data challenges in smart cities: a systematic literature review
Authors: Chauhan Sumedha , Agarwal Neetima , Kar Arpan Kumar 
Published: June 2016

PurposeBig Data has become crucial for fulfilling the vision of smart cities; however, there are several challenges associated with its use. This study aims to provide a holistic view of challenges of using Big Data in smart cities and the solutions to deal with them by systematically selecting, reviewing and synthesizing the literature in this area.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review was conducted by following a rigorous search protocol that identified a total of 310 peer-reviewed academic research papers. These papers were subsequently filtered and finally 38 relevant papers were selected.FindingsA number of major challenges (human dynamics, privacy, security, volume, velocity, variety, veracity and value) associated with Big Data in a smart city and the respective solutions to address them were identified. This study primarily contributes in providing the process of effectively managing Big Data in smart cities.Practical implicationsThe study provides valuable information to the Big Data practitioners by illustrating the process of effective management of Big Data in smart cities. This study further provides the directions to the future researchers.Originality/valueThe study is original and is based on the existing literature and its interpretation.
The latest boom in mergers and acquisitions. Should we be worried?
Authors: Thomas Mark , Cardot Rebecca 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by independent writers who add their own impartial comments and place the articles in context.

Findings
An slowdown to the current movement of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) will inevitably come. As with economic booms, the best that can be hoped for is a soft landing.

Practical implications
This paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent, information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
HR outsourcing trends in Malaysia: the undetected tiger
Authors: Sim Siew Chen , Avvari V. Mohan , Kaliannan Maniam 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide deeper and broader insights into human resource outsourcing (HRO) trends and practices specific to the Malaysian context.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from HR managers through a questionnaire-based survey, using convenient sampling with random selection.FindingsHRO practices were found to have evolved into second-generation outsourcing, with considerable potential to grow further in the future. Firm size and sector had little or no effect on the degree of HRO. Both cost benefits and resourced-based benefits were key drivers of HRO decisions, with a majority of the firms reporting having achieved these benefits equally and positively. Most of the functions outsourced were traditional-transactional HR functions. Slightly more than half of the HRO decisions were made by top management without the involvement of HR managers. More than half of the firms surveyed intended to do more outsourcing in the near future (i.e. within the next two to five years), including firms that had previously experienced HRO failure.Research limitations/implicationsWhile convenience sampling limits the generalisability of the findings, it is suitable for a study like this, especially as there is no pre-established list of firms outsourcing HR available in Malaysia. The study did not cover trends in either HR shared services or insourcing – either of which could potentially affect future HRO trends in the future. The findings also serve as a warning to future HRO researchers about the importance of contextual knowledge to strengthen the validity of their findings.Practical implicationsThe findings provide both practitioners and service providers with insights into HRO practices and trends in Malaysia, which are comprehensively discussed in the paper.Originality/valueThis paper presents a broad, yet up-to-date, overview of HRO practices and trends specific to the Malaysian context. It covers aspects and details of HRO not explored or explicitly discussed before.
Trade‐offs and tritrophic consequences of host shifts in specialized root herbivores
Authors: Ali Jared G. , Agrawal Anurag A. 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Trade‐offs in an herbivore's ability to feed, avoid predation and succeed on alternative hosts are thought to be major driving factors in host specialization. In this study, we compared how two closely related milkweed beetles (Tetraopes spp.) that have specialized on separate Asclepias species respond to host switching to alternative milkweed plants. By additionally examining effects on the beetles’ entomopathogenic natural enemies, we test whether host plant specialization is driven by plant–herbivore interactions alone or whether there is a role for the tritrophic interactions.

Tetraopes beetles feed on milkweed roots as larvae and on milkweed shoots as adults, and they sequester toxic cardenolides from their host plants. We predicted that growth and sequestration would be compromised on alternative hosts as a consequence of specialization. Larvae of each Tetraopes species were reared on their native host plant, the host plant of the other species and two closely related Asclepias species that do not typically host Tetraopes.

Regardless of beetle specialization, survival of both beetles was highest on A. syriaca, which has the second‐to‐lowest levels of root cardenolides and is the native host for T. tetraophthalmus. Larval growth was not affected by host plant for T. texanus, but T. tetraophthalmus grew best on A. exaltata, a close relative of A. syriaca that does not typically experience beetle feeding.

We found that larval sequestration of cardenolides largely mirrored host plant values in the roots, with the exception of T. texanus on A. asperula, which sequestered a low proportion of the cardenolides from this host. Although all larvae were susceptible to entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), the number of EPNs emerging from cadavers depended on the beetle–plant combination, with more EPNs produced when beetles were feeding on native compared to non‐native hosts.

The observed consequences for tritrophic interactions did not fit expectations for specialized herbivores (i.e. EPN predation was highest when beetles were on their native hosts), suggesting that specialization may be driven primarily by a plant–herbivore interaction in this system, not by a tritrophic effect.

A Lay Summary is available for this article.
Diet preferences as the cause of individual differences rather than the consequence
Authors: Oudman Thomas , Bijleveld Allert I. , Kavelaars Marwa M. , Dekinga Anne , Cluderay John , Piersma Theunis , van Gils Jan A. 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Behavioural variation within a species is usually explained as the consequence of individual variation in physiology. However, new evidence suggests that the arrow of causality may well be in the reverse direction: behaviours such as diet preferences cause the differences in physiological and morphological traits.

Recently, diet preferences were proposed to underlie consistent differences in digestive organ mass and movement patterns (patch residence times) in red knots (Calidris canutus islandica). Red knots are molluscivorous and migrant shorebirds for which the size of the muscular stomach (gizzard) is critical for the food processing rate.

In this study, red knots (C. c. canutus, n = 46) were caught at Banc d'Arguin, an intertidal flat ecosystem in Mauritania, and released with radio‐tags after the measurement of gizzard mass. Using a novel tracking system (time‐of‐arrival), patch residence times were measured over a period of three weeks. Whether or not gizzard mass determined patch residence times was tested experimentally by offering 12 of the 46 tagged red knots soft diets prior to release; this reduced an individual's gizzard mass by 20–60%. To validate whether the observed range of patch residence times would be expected from individual diet preferences, we simulated patch residence times as a function of diet preferences via a simple departure rule.

Consistent with previous empirical studies, patch residence times in the field were positively correlated with gizzard mass. The slope of this correlation, as well as the observed range of patch residence times, was in accordance with the simulated values. The 12 birds with reduced gizzard masses did not decrease patch residence times in response to the reduction in gizzard mass.

These findings suggest that diet preferences can indeed cause the observed among‐individual variation in gizzard mass and patch residence times. We discuss how early diet experiences can have cascading effects on the individual expression of both behavioural and physiomorphic traits. This emphasizes that to understand the ecological consequences of individual differences, knowledge of the environment during development is required.
Induction of labour with retrievable prostaglandin vaginal inserts: outcomes following retrieval due to an intrapartum adverse event
Authors: Rugarn O , Tipping D , Powers B , Wing DA 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo assess adverse event (AE) resolution, delivery mode and neonatal outcomes after misoprostol or dinoprostone vaginal insert (MVI or DVI) retrieval due to AE during induction of labour (IOL).DesignRandomised, double‐blind trial, EXPEDITE.SettingThirty five obstetric departments, USA.PopulationConsisted of 1358 pregnant women with modified Bishop score ≤4 eligible for pharmacological IOL.MethodsPost hoc analysis.Main outcome measuresAEs prompting insert retrieval, times to AE resolution, delivery, delivery mode and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions.Results77/678 (11.4%) and 27/680 (4.0%) women had MVI and DVI retrieved due to AE, respectively (P < 0.001). The most common AEs prompting retrieval were uterine tachysystole with fetal heart rate (FHR) involvement and category II/III FHR pattern. Time to AE resolution varied for both treatments depending on the type of AE. For uterine tachysystole with FHR involvement, median resolution times were 1 hour 34.5 minutes (n = 36) and 8.5 minutes (n = 8) for MVI and DVI, respectively. Caesarean delivery occurred in a high proportion of women with insert retrieved due to AE (MVI: 44/77 (57.1%); DVI: 19/27 (70.4%)); the majority of caesareans were performed at least several hours after insert retrieval. Median times from retrieval to any delivery were not increased for women with insert retrieved due to AE. NICU admissions were 8/77 (10.4%) and 1/27 (3.7%) for MVI and DVI, respectively (P = 0.440).ConclusionsAEs leading to insert retrieval were primarily uterine tachysystole with FHR involvement and category II/III FHR patterns. Insert retrieval due to an AE did not prolong time to delivery for either prostaglandin insert.Tweetable abstractInduction with prostaglandin vaginal inserts: outcomes following retrieval due to intrapartum adverse event.
The Nursing Diagnosis Development of Unemployment Disorder: Content Validation With Nursing Experts
Authors: Bocchino Anna , Medialdea María Jesús , Lepiani Isabel , Mejías Concepción , Dueñas María 
Published: June 2016

PURPOSEThis study aimed to validate the definition and define the characteristics and related factors of unemployment disorder, a proposed nursing diagnosis.METHODSUsing Fehring's diagnostic content validity model, Spanish experts were asked to assess the adequacy of the label, defining the characteristics and other related factors.FINDINGSThe content validity index was 0.8690. A total of 16 defining characteristics reached major criteria (>0.80).CONCLUSIONThe present study supports the proposed development of a nursing diagnosis for the human response to unemployment.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONSThe results suggest that the inclusion of the “unemployment disorder” diagnostic NANDA‐I taxonomy would allow nursing professionals to identify the disorder and its causes and manifestations, and therefore provide the information needed for planning more relevant interventions and results.OBJETIVOValidación de la definición, características definitorias y factores relacionados de trastorno por desempleo, una propuesta de diagnóstico enfermero.METODOLOGÍAUsando el modelo de validación de contenido de Fehring, se consensuó mediante expertos españoles la denominación de la etiqueta, las características definitorias y otros factores relacionados.RESULTADOSEl índice de validez de contenido global fue 0.8690. Un total de 16 características definitorias alcanzaron carácter crítico (>0.80).CONCLUSIÓNEl presente estudio apoya la propuesta de elaborar un diagnóstico de enfermería para la respuesta humana al desempleo.IMPLICACIONES PRÁCTICASLos resultados obtenidos sugieren que la inclusión en la taxonomía NANDA‐I del diagnóstico “trastorno por desempleo” permitiría a los profesionales de enfermería identificar el problema, sus causas y manifestaciones, y por lo tanto ofrecerían la información necesaria para planificar las intervenciones y resultados más pertinentes.
Heat stress‐induced phosphorylation of FoxO3a signalling in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Yoshihara T. , Kobayashi H. , Kakigi R. , Sugiura T. , Naito H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimA recent study demonstrated that FoxO3a was directly induced by the overexpression of Hsp72 in rat soleus muscle. However, whether heat stress treatment induces FoxO3a phosphorylation in rat skeletal muscle remains unclear. This study examined the effects of heat stress on the regulation of the FoxO3a signalling pathway in rat skeletal muscle.MethodsThirty‐two male Wistar rats (15 weeks old) were randomly assigned into two groups; sedentary control group (Sed, n = 8) and experimental group (n = 24). After an overnight fast, one leg of each rat (HS leg) in the experimental group was immersed in hot water (43 °C) for 30 min, and the soleus and plantaris muscles in both legs were removed immediately (0 min), 30 min, 60 min, or 24 h after the heat stress (n = 6 each group). The contralateral, non‐heated leg in the experimental group served as an internal control (CT leg).ResultsHeat stress treatment resulted in a significant increase in FoxO3a phosphorylation (Ser253) in the soleus and plantaris muscles of heat‐stressed legs after 24 h. Hsp72 expression in heat‐stressed legs was significantly higher at 60 min and 24 h in these muscles. Activation of the PTEN/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways was also observed in these muscles immediately after stress, but not at 24 h. There were no differences in FoxO1 and AMPKα phosphorylation in either muscle.ConclusionHeat stress in rat skeletal muscle induces phosphorylation of FoxO3a signalling, and it may be related to Hsp72 upregulation, and the activation of the PTEN/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways.
Dexamethasone promotes long‐term functional recovery of neuromuscular junction in a murine model of tourniquet‐induced ischaemia–reperfusion
Authors: Zhang D. , Wang D. , Pipinos I. I. , Muelleman R. L. , Li Y.‐L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimTourniquet‐induced ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion cause serious ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury in the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and skeletal muscle. Here, we investigated whether dexamethasone (Dex) promotes long‐term functional recovery of the NMJ and skeletal muscle in tourniquet‐induced hindlimb IR.MethodsUnilateral hindlimb of C57/BL6 mice was subjected to 3 h of ischaemia following 6 weeks of reperfusion (6‐wk IR). Dex treatment began on the day of IR induction and lasted for different periods. Sciatic nerve‐stimulated gastrocnemius muscle contraction was detected in situ. Function of the NMJ was measured in situ using electrophysiological recording of the miniature endplate potential (mEPP) and endplate potential (EPP). Western blot was used to detect protein expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in gastrocnemius muscles.ResultsGastrocnemius muscle contraction in mice with 6‐wk IR was about 60% of normal skeletal muscle contraction recorded in age‐matched sham mice. The amplitude of the mEPP and EPP was lower in mice with 6‐wk IR, compared to sham mice. Dex treatment for 1 or 3 days did not restore the function of the NMJ and improve gastrocnemius muscle contraction in mice with 6‐wk IR. Dex treatment for 1 week exerted a maximum effect on improving the function of the NMJ and skeletal muscle, with the effect of Dex gradually lessening with prolonged Dex treatment. There are no significant differences in protein expression of nAChR‐α1 and nAChR‐β1 subunits in the gastrocnemius muscle among all groups.ConclusionDex promotes repair of the NMJ and subsequently restores skeletal muscle contractile function in tourniquet‐induced 6‐wk IR.
The origins of urinary stone disease: upstream mineral formations initiate downstream Randall's plaque
Authors: Hsi Ryan S. , Ramaswamy Krishna , Ho Sunita P. , Stoller Marshall L. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo describe a new hypothesis for the initial events leading to urinary stones. A biomechanical perspective on Randall's plaque formation through form and function relationships is applied to functional units within the kidney, we have termed the ‘medullo‐papillary complex’ – a dynamic relationship between intratubular and interstitial mineral aggregates.MethodsA complete MEDLINE search was performed to examine the existing literature on the anatomical and physiological relationships in the renal medulla and papilla. Sectioned human renal medulla with papilla from radical nephrectomy specimens were imaged using a high resolution micro X‐ray computed tomography. The location, distribution, and density of mineral aggregates within the medullo‐papillary complex were identified.ResultsMineral aggregates were seen proximally in all specimens within the outer medulla of the medullary complex and were intratubular. Distal interstitial mineralisation at the papillary tip corresponding to Randall's plaque was not seen until a threshold of proximal mineralisation was observed. Mineral density measurements suggest varied chemical compositions between the proximal intratubular (330 mg/cm3) and distal interstitial (270 mg/cm3) deposits. A review of the literature revealed distinct anatomical compartments and gradients across the medullo‐papillary complex that supports the empirical observations that proximal mineralisation triggers distal Randall's plaque formation.ConclusionThe early stone event is initiated by intratubular mineralisation of the renal medullary tissue leading to the interstitial mineralisation that is observed as Randall's plaque. We base this novel hypothesis on a multiscale biomechanics perspective involving form and function relationships, and empirical observations. Additional studies are needed to validate this hypothesis.
Ginkgolide B Protects Against Ischemic Stroke Via Modulating Microglia Polarization in Mice
Authors: Shu Zhao‐Ma , Shu Xiao‐Dong , Li Hui‐Qin , Sun Yi , Shan Han , Sun Xi‐Yang , Du Ren‐Hong , Lu Ming , Xiao Ming , Ding Jian‐Hua , Hu Gang 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAimGinkgolide B (GB) has shown neuroprotective effect in treating ischemic stroke, related to its property of anti‐inflammation. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether GB is able to modulate microglia/macrophage polarization, which has recently been proven to be vital in the pathology of ischemic stroke.MethodsWe performed transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) on C57BL/6J male mice and induced cultured BV2 microglia and primary bone marrow‐derived macrophages to be M1/2 phenotype by LPS+ interferon‐γ and IL‐4, respectively. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used for detecting the specialized protein expression of M1/2, such as CD206 and CD16/32. qPCR was utilized to detect the signature gene change of M1/2.ResultsGB significantly reduced cerebral ischemic damage and ameliorated the neurological deficits of mice after tMCAO. More importantly, our experiments proved that GB promoted microglia/macrophage transferring from inflammatory M1 phenotype to a protective, anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype in vivo or vitro. CV3988 and silencing the platelet activator factor (PAF) receptor by siRNA demonstrated that PAF receptor was involved in the modulation of microglia/macrophage polarization.ConclusionOur results reveal a novel pharmacological effect of GB in modulating microglia/macrophage polarization after tMCAO, thus deepening our understanding of neuroprotective mechanisms of GB in treatment of ischemic stroke. Furthermore, this new mechanism may allow GB to be used in many other microglia/macrophage polarization‐related inflammatory diseases.