bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced electroencephalogram responses to standard and target auditory stimuli in bipolar disorder and the impact of psychotic features: Analysis of event‐related potentials, spectral power, and inter‐trial coherence
Authors: Lundin Nancy B , Bartolomeo Lisa A , O'Donnell Brian F , Hetrick William P 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) is associated with reductions in the P3b event‐related potential (ERP) response to target auditory stimuli, which suggests deficits in context updating. Previous studies have typically examined these responses in the temporal domain, which may not capture alterations in specific frequencies of phase‐locked or induced electrophysiological activity. Therefore, the present study examined early and late ERPs in temporal and frequency domains in a bipolar sample with and without current psychotic features.MethodsThe electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded during an auditory oddball task. Seventy‐five BD patients and 98 healthy controls (HCs) discriminated between standard and target tones. N1 ERPs to standards and P3b ERPs to targets were analyzed in the temporal domain. Event‐related spectral perturbation (ERSP) and inter‐trial coherence (ITC) were analyzed in the frequency domain.ResultsThe early N1 response to standard tones was not significantly different between the total HC and BD samples irrespective of psychotic features. However, N1 amplitude was reduced in BD patients with psychotic features (BDP) compared to HCs and BD patients without psychotic features. P3b was reduced in BD patients versus HCs, with the BDP sample having the most reduced amplitude. In the time‐frequency analysis, delta and theta ERSP and ITC were reduced across the time window for both standard and target stimuli in BD patients compared to HCs, but did not differ in the psychotic features analysis.ConclusionsThe results provide neural evidence that BD is associated with disrupted sensory, attentional, and cognitive processing of auditory stimuli, which may be worsened with the presence of psychotic features.
PROFITABLE STRATEGIC DELEGATION WITH CONJECTURAL VARIATIONS
Authors: Ciarreta Aitor , García‐Enríquez Javier 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTFirms delegate strategic decisions to managers because they find it profitable to do so. In the product market, when agents make conjectures about the reaction of their rivals to marginal changes in their own strategies, the set of equilibriums can be enlarged with respect to the case of no conjectures. This paper takes a duopolistic linear market parameterization where firms selling differentiated products can delegate either price or output decisions to managers. We show that it is a dominant strategy for firms to delegate no matter whether firms are Cournot or Bertrand competitors, although the equilibrium is not necessarily efficient. Futhermore, in equilibrium Cournot competition is more profitable for firms than Bertrand competition. Finally, requiring consistency in conjectures yields the same outcome no matter what type of strategic interaction and managerial choice there is on the part of firms.
Diagnosis of dermatomyositis: Autoantibody profile and muscle pathology
Authors: Uruha Akinori , Suzuki Shigeaki , Nishino Ichizo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, which not only affects skeletal muscle and skin, but it is also associated with arthritis/arthralgia, interstitial lung disease and cancer. The diagnostic criteria for myositis that Bohan and Peter formulated in 1975, which are often still used now, depend on the presence of a characteristic skin rash for classification of DM; without it, a diagnosis of polymyositis is given. However, advances in understanding the etiology of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies over the past few decades are impressive, encompassing discovery of myositis‐specific/associated autoantibodies and development of muscle pathology, and enable us to classify them more precisely based on the underlying etiology. Correlations between clinical phenotypes and DM‐specific autoantibodies (anti‐Mi‐2, TIF‐1, NXP2, MDA5 and SAE) have been mostly elucidated, suggesting the diagnostic utility of autoantibody measurement. Advances in muscle pathology include analysis at the molecular level, such as the detection of myxovirus resistance protein A in myofibers, which can be used as a sensitive and specific pathological marker of DM. Today, a multidisciplinary approach – autoantibody profiling and pathological assessment, as well as clinical evaluation – is cardinal for a diagnosis of DM. The present review consolidates current knowledge about autoantibodies and muscle pathology in terms of diagnostic practice of DM.
Distinctive Approaches to Computer Graphics Education
Authors: Santos B. Sousa , Dischler J.‐M. , Adzhiev V. , Anderson E.F. , Ferko A. , Fryazinov O. , Ilčík M. , Ilčíková I. , Slavik P. , Sundstedt V. , Svobodova L. , Wimmer M. , Zara J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the latest advances and research in Computer Graphics education in a nutshell. It is concerned with topics that were presented at the Education Track of the Eurographics Conference held in Lisbon in 2016. We describe works corresponding to approaches to Computer Graphics education that are unconventional in some way and attempt to tackle unsolved problems and challenges regarding the role of arts in computer graphics education, the role of research‐oriented activities in undergraduate education and the interaction among different areas of Computer Graphics, as well as their application to courses or extra‐curricular activities. We present related works addressing these topics and report experiences, successes and issues in implementing the approaches.
Linguistic and Perceptual Mapping in Spatial Representations: An Attentional Account
Authors: Valdés‐Conroy Berenice , Hinojosa José A. , Román Francisco J. , Romero‐Ferreiro Verónica 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBuilding on evidence for embodied representations, we investigated whether Spanish spatial terms map onto the NEAR/FAR perceptual division of space. Using a long horizontal display, we measured congruency effects during the processing of spatial terms presented in NEAR or FAR space. Across three experiments, we manipulated the task demands in order to investigate the role of endogenous attention in linguistic and perceptual space mapping. We predicted congruency effects only when spatial properties were relevant for the task (reaching estimation task, Experiment 1) but not when attention was allocated to other features (lexical decision, Experiment 2; and color, Experiment 3). Results showed faster responses for words presented in Near‐space in all experiments. Consistent with our hypothesis, congruency effects were observed only when a reaching estimate was requested. Our results add important evidence for the role of top‐down processing in congruency effects from embodied representations of spatial terms.
Fraxinus excelsior seed is not a probable introduction pathway for Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
Authors: Marčiulynienė D. , Davydenko K. , Stenlid J. , Shabunin D. , Cleary M. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryWe investigated the transmission of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus from infested seed to germinating seedlings of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in order to determine the potential risk associated with intra‐ and intercontinental movement of seed. Neither fungal isolations from necrotic or healthy embryos nor PCR testing with H. fraxineus‐specific primers detected the pathogen. Similarly, H. fraxineus was not detected in axenically grown seedlings generated from infested seed lots. The results help clear up prior confusion of the pathogen being seed‐borne. Any remaining surface contamination by pathogen spores could be washed off seeds as a quarantine measure.
Praying for Rain: Indigenous Systems of Rainmaking in Kenya
Authors: Gumo Sussy 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAfrica in general and Kenya in particular are facing climate change challenges. Since most Kenyan communities depend on agriculture as the backbone of the economy for sustenance, some of these, including the Abanyore, Akamba, Ameru, Turkana, and Maasai, have been involved in the practice of rainmaking rituals. They use African traditional indigenous knowledge embedded in African religion to “pray for rain” by predicting, causing, redirecting, and controlling rain within their locality. The role of rainmaking and its effects is therefore crucial. The purpose of this contribution is to examine the indigenous systems of rainmaking in Kenya. It situationally analyzes the art of rainmaking in Africa in general and further contextually examines rainmaking rituals among three Kenyan communities. It suggests that rainmaking is performed as an expression of African religion through communal ceremonies, and further notes that indigenous knowledge in rainmaking rituals is significant in helping local communities respond to climate changes, allowing them to execute this knowledge in mitigation or adaptation of climate challenges. The article concludes that local communities need to integrate both indigenous knowledge and scientific knowledge to forecast and dispel rainfall patterns to effectively predict weather patterns.
Ontogenetic changes in chemical alarm cue recognition and fast‐start performance in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: Xia Jigang , Cheng Meiling , Cai Ruiyu , Fu Shijian , Cooke Steven J. , Elvidge Chris K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRisk recognition and fast‐start performance are critical to fish survival when faced with predators. Many fish species have been shown to recognize risks associated with chemical cues released by injured conspecifics. However, little is known about the ontogeny of “risk” recognition via damage‐released chemical alarm cues and fast‐start performance in prey fishes. The objectives of this study were to determine whether risk recognition and fast‐start performance in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) exhibit ontogenetic variation, and whether there is a trade‐off between risk recognition and fast‐start performance. To achieve these objectives, individual guppies from replicate groups were assayed on one of the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, or 28th day after their birth. We found that both the risk recognition and fast‐start performance in guppies exhibited ontogenetic variation, as on days 1 and 7, fish did not exhibit risk recognition when exposed to alarm cues from conspecifics, but by day 14, such recognition was evident. Noticeable increases in maximum linear velocity (Vmax), maximum linear acceleration (Amax), and escape distance (S120 ms) were concurrent with progressive ontogenetic stage, and no significant correlations were found between risk recognition and fast‐start performance at any ontogenetic stage. Our findings reveal ontogenetic variation in damage‐released chemical cue recognition and fast‐start performance in guppies.
Interspecific association of brown trout (Salmo trutta) with non‐native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) at the fry stage
Authors: Lovén Wallerius Magnus , Näslund Joacim , Koeck Barbara , Johnsson Jörgen I. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe introduction of non‐native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Europe has led to displacement and decreasing populations of native brown trout (Salmo trutta). Some studies have found that brown trout shift to a diet niche similar to brook trout when the two species live in sympatry, which conflicts with the competitive exclusion principle. A change in feeding niche may be a sign of early interspecific association and social learning, leading to behavioral changes. As a first step to address this possibility, it is essential to assess the interspecific association between the species during the early ontogenetic life stages. In this study, we therefore assess whether juvenile brown trout associate with non‐native juvenile brook trout to the same extent as with conspecifics by setting up two experiments: (i) a binomial choice test allowing visual and chemical cues to estimate the species specificity of group preference, and (ii) an association test without physical barriers to estimate the degree of association of a focal brown trout with a group of either conspecifics or heterospecifics. In experiment (1), we found that focal juvenile brown trout preferred to associate with the stimuli groups and did not discriminate either against conspecific or heterospecific groups. Furthermore, more active individuals showed stronger preference for the stimuli group than less active ones, regardless of species. In experiment (2), we found that brook trout groups had a tighter group structure than brown trout groups, and that focal brown trout showed stronger association with brook trout than with brown trout. These results indicate that brown trout may associate with brook trout at an early life stage, which would allow for interspecific social learning to occur. Future studies should look closer into causes and consequences of interspecific association and social learning, including potential effects on the phenotype selection in brown trout populations.
Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis shows overlapping histological features with IgG4‐related cholecystitis
Authors: Hong Soon Auck , Sung You‐Na , Kim Hyoung Jung , Lee Sang Soo , Lee Jae Hoon , Ahn Chul‐Soo , Hwang Shin , Yu Eunsil , Zen Yoh , Kim Myung‐Hwan , Hong Seung‐Mo 
Published: October 2017

AimsXanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC), an unusual histological variant of chronic cholecystitis, is characterised by mixed foamy histiocytic and lymphoplasmocytic infiltration and fibrosis. Radiologically, the poorly defined nodular growth pattern often leads to the misinterpretation of XGC as gallbladder cancer. In this study, we aimed to identify the relationship of XGC with IgG4‐related cholecystitis.Methods and resultsWe re‐evaluated 57 surgically resected XGCs and 104 conventional chronic cholecystitis cases, according to the histological features observed in IgG4‐related disease, including lymphoplasmocytic infiltration, storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, and IgG4‐positive plasma cells. XGCs contained a significantly increased mean number of IgG4‐positive plasma cells [34.8/high‐power field (HPF)] as compared with conventional chronic cholecystitis (4.8/HPF; P < 0.001), and 16 XGCs (28%) harboured >50 IgG4‐positive cells per HPF. Nine XGCs (16%), including one case with IgG4‐related autoimmune pancreatitis, showed ‘the histological features suggestive of IgG4‐related disease’, as described in the consensus statement regarding this condition. Extracholecystic inflammatory extension (seven cases, P = 0.009) and mass‐forming lesions (eight cases, P < 0.001) were more frequently seen in XGC cases with histological features suggestive of IgG4‐related disease than in cases without those microscopic changes.ConclusionsXGCs with IgG4‐positive cell infiltration are considered to be mimickers, as xanthogranulomatous inflammation generally contradicts a diagnosis of IgG4‐related disease and is weakly associated with other typical organ manifestations of IgG4‐related disease. However, XGC may be a concurrent condition, particularly in patients with IgG4‐related disease in other organs.
Understanding patterns of invasion: a novel approach to assessment of podoplanin expression in the prediction of lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sharma Ankita , Boaz Karen , Natarajan Srikant 
Published: October 2017

AimsCellular motility is considered to be central to the process of metastasis, and podoplanin expression can be explored as a prospective link, owing to its ability to modulate the actin cytoskeleton. We aimed to evaluate the tumoral expression of D2‐40 (monoclonal antibody against podoplanin) in pathologically neck‐node‐negative/positive cases (pN0/N+) to characterise the pattern of invasion, potentially explaining the role of various patterns of invasion in causing tumour metastasis.Methods and resultsParaffin‐embedded tissue blocks of 60 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases of known nodal status were selected for immunohistochemical staining of tumour (invasive front) by D2‐40 along with routine staining by haematoxylin and eosin. Various staining patterns were assessed and evaluated for D2‐40 expression, and correlated with nodal status. Tumoral D2‐40 expression correspondingly increased with nodal metastasis (P = 0.261). Furthermore, D2‐40 staining was more efficient in detecting individual tumour cells, and also characterised the motility factor irrespective of the pattern of invasion (P = 0.001). The pattern of D2‐40 staining did not show a significant association with tumour grade, indicating that motility is an overlooked, albeit important, component of the pattern of invasion in routine histological grading.ConclusionsD2‐40 expression successfully identifies the motility profile of tumour, irrespective of the pattern of invasion. The presence of larger motile islands in the tumour cohort supports the concept of ‘collective cell migration’. Podoplanin also aids evasion of immune responses by inducing platelet aggregation over tumour cells, thereby favouring distant metastasis. A multivariate model using immunohistochemical staining with D2‐40 provides greater sensitivity for the prediction of lymph node metastasis.
Melanocytic naevi with perineurial differentiation: a distinctive variant of neurotised naevi and a diagnostic pitfall with desmoplastic melanoma
Authors: Ferreira Ingrid , Kind Peter , Van Den Berghe Ivo , Melly Lucy , Offner Felix , Hornick Jason L , Brenn Thomas 
Published: October 2017

AimsSpindle cell differentiation is not an uncommon finding in common acquired naevi, and may represent a form of neurotisation with Schwannian differentiation of melanocytes. Perineurial differentiation in this context appears to be very rare, and is only poorly documented in the literature. We therefore aimed to study this rare form of neurotisation in melanocytic naevi more comprehensively.Methods and resultsWe have identified six melanocytic tumours showing spindle cell morphology and perineurial differentiation from routine and referral material. Clinical data and follow‐up were obtained, and the histological and immunohistochemical features were analysed. The tumours affected middle‐aged adults (median, 48 years; range, 26–74 years), with a wide anatomical distribution and benign follow‐up (median, 13 months; range, 6–48 months). All tumours were nodular and circumscribed but asymmetrical, with extension into the deep dermis and superficial subcutis. A characteristic finding was a biphasic growth pattern with a lentiginous compound naevus in the superficial aspect and abrupt transition to a prominent nodular spindle cell proliferation in the deeper reaches. Spindle cells were bland and uniform, and arranged singly and in short fascicles in a loose fibromyxoid stroma. In areas, a whorled arrangement of slender spindle cells with wavy nuclei was seen. Distinctive intratumoral hypocellular nodules and peripheral lymphoid aggregates were additional features. By immunohistochemistry, the spindle cells were mainly S100‐positive melanocytes. In areas, S100‐negative/epithelial membrane antigen‐positive spindle cells showing coexpression of Glut‐1 and claudin‐1 were closely admixed.ConclusionThis perineurial differentiation probably represents a rare and unusual form of neurotisation. The tumours are benign but may be mistaken for desmoplastic melanoma. Awareness of and careful attention to the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features allow reliable separation.
Secondary school tuck shop options and student choices: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Ma Ada W. W. , Wong Man Chun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObesity in children is rapidly becoming a major public health problem in Hong Kong; the prevalence of overweight in children increased from 16.2% to 22.2% between 1998 and 2008. Healthy eating programs and policies exist, but only for primary schools, and students’ eating habits change when they are exposed to the new environment in secondary schools. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between available food in secondary school tuck shops and students’ purchasing preferences. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted from mid‐March to mid‐April 2016 across six secondary schools, using a questionnaire to measure students’ healthy eating knowledge and eating habits and a checklist to explore food options in each school's tuck shop. Linear regression was used to explore the relationship between eating knowledge and eating habits and logistic regression to explore the relationship between available foods at the tuck shops and the children's purchasing preferences. A total of 374 junior secondary students participated in the survey. A weak, positive correlation was found between healthy eating knowledge and healthy eating habits. No association was found between available food at tuck shops and children's purchasing preferences. The results reveal a definite knowledge‐attitude gap where healthy eating is concerned. Despite there being no significant association between the food offerings in tuck shops and students’ measured purchasing preferences (p > .05), 81% of the students stated that they would choose healthy food if offered, illustrating the urgent need to assess the variety and nutritional quality of foods available in secondary school tuck shops.
A cross‐cultural and cross‐gender analysis of compulsive buying behaviour's core dimensions
Authors: Maccarrone‐Eaglen Agata , Schofield Peter 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study seeks to address the disagreement in the literature about compulsive buying behaviour's (CBB) dimensional structure and tests for cross‐cultural and cross‐gender invariance in young British, Chinese, Czech and Spanish consumers using structural equation modelling. The results show that CBB has two compulsive dimensions: Compulsive Purchasing (CP) and Self‐control Impaired Spending (SIS). These dimensions are cross‐culturally invariant, although the influence of SIS on CBB is higher in more developed countries, particularly among females. The confirmation of the SIS dimension and the external validity of the CBB construct established through the cross‐cultural invariance in CBB dimensions indicate that screening tools should be revised accordingly. The SIS dimension has possibly been previously misinterpreted as impulsive and/or as spontaneous buying and may explain the higher incidence of CBB among female consumers.
Teaching & Learning Tips 1: Teaching perspectives – an introduction
Authors: Rana Jasmine , Burgin Susan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChallenge: Clinical and research responsibilities often leave little or no time to plan thoughtful teaching encounters with trainees. This “Teaching & Learning Tips” series is designed to be an accessible guide for dermatologists who want to improve their teaching skills. It is comprised of 12 articles about how to enhance teaching in various settings informed by research about how people learn and expert‐derived or data‐driven best practices for teaching. The series begins with a review of principles to optimize learning in any setting, including cognitive load theory, active learning strategies, and the impact of motivation and emotion on learning. It transitions into a practical “how to” guide format for common teaching scenarios in dermatology, such as lecturing, case‐based teaching, and teaching procedures, among others. Herein, we kickoff the series by unpacking assumptions about teaching and learning. What does it mean to teach and learn?