bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared decision-making for people living with dementia in extended care settings: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Daly Rachel , Bunn Frances , Goodman Claire 
Published: November 2016

IntroductionApproximately 450 000 people in the UK are living in care homes, 70% of whom are thought to have dementia or significant memory problems. This means that they may need support with day-to-day decisions about their health and care. Shared decision-making interventions can have a positive impact on patient outcomes. They recognise an individual's rights to make decisions about their care or treatment and support person-centred approaches to care delivery.MethodsA systematic review of studies designed to assess, implement, measure and/or explore shared decision-making with cognitively impaired adults in (or transferrable to) an extended care setting, with a view to answering the research question: How can people living with dementia and cognitive impairment be included in day-to-day decisions about their health and care in extended care settings? The systematic review will be started in May 2016. Studies are excluded that focus on advance decision-making. The search strategy is limited to a 20-year timeframe and English language and includes electronic databases; CINAHL, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, NICE Evidence, OpenGrey, Autism Data, Google Scholar, Scopus and MedicinesComplete.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval not required. Planned dissemination routes for protocol and systematic review through conference presentations, peer-reviewed journals and research networks including the East of England CLAHRC, INTERDEM, and the National Care Homes Research and Development Forum.DiscussionThe review will explore how shared decision-making is characterised and constructed in extended care settings for people living with cognitive impairment and their staff and family carers, in relation to their preferences and desires, the roles people play, facilitators, barriers, risk and benefits. The findings will inform an intervention study facilitating shared decision-making for people living with dementia in care homes and have the potential to inform future policy and practice.Trial registration numberCRD42016035919.
Use of posaconazole for treatment of disseminated protothecosis in a dog
Authors: Enders Brittany , Olby Natasha , Mariani Christopher L 
Published: November 2016

A two‐year‐old female spayed Vizsla presented with progressive ataxia and visual deficits of three weeks’ duration and chronic intermittent large bowel diarrhoea. Protothecal organisms were identified on cytology of rectal scrapings and aspirates of intra‐abdominal lymph nodes andProtothecaspecies were cultured from cerebrospinal fluid.Treatment with posaconazole for two weeks yielded a marked improvement, with progression of neurological signs noted after changing to itraconazole due to cost. The dog was humanely euthanased 31 days after diagnosis. The clinical improvement produced by posaconazole in this case suggests it may be an effective therapy for this typically fatal disease, but it may currently be cost prohibitive. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported use of posaconazole for treatment of disseminated protothecosis in a dog.
Management of life‐threatening hypertension in a 12‐year‐old bichon frise undergoing an adrenalectomy for phaeochromocytoma excision
Authors: Ferreira Jacques Paul , Raszplewicz Joanna 
Published: November 2016

A bichon frise, previously diagnosed with a phaeochromocytoma, underwent phenoxybenzamine treatment 17 days before adrenalectomy. Preoperative haematology, biochemistry and oscillometric blood pressure readings for the 12 year old were typical. Before anaesthesia, methadone and medetomidine were administered intramuscularly. Anaesthesia was induced using propofol titrated to permit endotracheal intubation and maintenance of anaesthesia using an isoflurane in oxygen mixture. Invasive blood pressure monitoring by a cannula in a dorsal pedal artery promptly revealed life‐threatening hypertension. Rapid increase in isoflurane concentration, multiple intravenous fentanyl boluses administration and commencement of an esmolol citrate infusion were unsuccessful in attenuating the hypertension observed. Rapid rises in end‐tidal carbon dioxide and resultant tachypnoea necessitated atracurium intravenously and positive pressure ventilation. Hypertension was eventually abolished using intravenous acepromazine, which ultimately caused a hypotensive nadir. Reduction in anaesthetic depth and aggressive fluid therapy resolved hypotension before termination of anaesthesia. Management of hypertension in dogs with phaeochromocytoma remains challenging.
Pre‐trilostane and three‐hour post‐trilostane cortisol to monitor trilostane therapy in dogs
Authors: Macfarlane L. , Parkin T. , Ramsey I. 
Published: November 2016

It is recommended that trilostane therapy of canine hyperadrenocorticism is monitored using an ACTH stimulation test, however this has never been validated. Three cortisol concentrations (pre‐trilostane, 3‐hour posttrilostane and 1‐hour post‐ACTH stimulation) were compared to a clinical score obtained from an owner questionnaire. There were 110 sets of 3 cortisol measurements and questionnaires obtained from 67 trilostane treated dogs. Questionnaire results were used to classify each dog as well or unwell. Well dogs were then categorised as having excellent, moderate or poor hyperadrenocorticism control, using thresholds produced by 14 independent veterinarians. Correlation co‐efficients were used to compare the three cortisol concentrations to the owner score and the Kruskal Wallis and Mann‐Whitney U tests were used to compare the three cortisol concentrations between categories of control. Cortisol cut‐off values between significantly different categories were determined using ROC curves. Pre‐trilostane and 3‐hour post‐trilostane cortisol were better correlated to the owner score and had cut‐offs to differentiate between categories of control that had superior sensitivity and specificity results, than the post‐ACTH cortisol. Iatrogenic hypoadrenocorticism was not detected in any unwell dog. This study shows that the pre‐trilostane and 3‐hour post‐trilostane cortisol are potentially better monitoring methods than the ACTH stimulation test.
Physical properties of chalcopyrite-type Cu1−xAgxGaTe2 by first-principles study
Authors: Xue Li , Ren Yi-Ming , Hu Zheng-Long 
Published: November 2016

[Formula: see text] is a promising thermoelectric (TE) material for high temperature TE applications. This work systematically investigated the structural, elastic and thermodynamic properties of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1) by density functional theory. The calculated lattice volume is expanded with the increase of Ag content, but this expansion is anisotropic. The lattice parameter along [Formula: see text]-axis is linear expansion, and along [Formula: see text]-axis is parabolic expansion, which is in good agreement with available experimental data. The phase stability of [Formula: see text] alloy is studied by analyzing the formation energy, cohesive energy and elastic constants. Shear modulus, Young’s modulus, sound velocities, Debye temperature and the minimum thermal conductivity are obtained from the calculated elastic constants. The results show that Ag substitution could reduce the lattice thermal conductivity, which is helpful for improving the TE properties of [Formula: see text].
Fabrication of Novel CuO Films with Nanoparticles-Aggregated Sphere-Like Clusters on ITO and Their Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing Applications
Authors: Sun Fang , Jiang Hongwei , Zhu Ruihua , Wang Dan 
Published: November 2016

In this work, novel nanoparticles-aggregated CuO sphere-like clusters were successfully synthesized on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass through a facile two-step procedure consisting of the fabrication of Cu2O films directly grown on ITO surface by electrodeposition, and subsequent calcinations of Cu2O films leading to the formation of CuO films. The morphology and structure of as-synthesized samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the size of nanoparticles constituting sphere-like clusters structure obtained at 200[Formula: see text]C is much smaller than that of obtained at other temperature, which can provide large surface area for catalytic reaction. The CuO/ITO electrode was applied to detect glucose by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric detection ([Formula: see text]). It was found that the obtained CuO films modified ITO electrode exhibited a much higher electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of glucose in an alkaline medium through heat treatment of 200[Formula: see text]C. A favorable performance with a high sensitivity of 1841.5544[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]A mM[Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] to glucose ranging from 1.0[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M to 5.0[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M, a low operating potential of 0.35 Vversus Ag/AgCl and a fast amperometric response (within 3[Formula: see text]s) were achieved on such CuO/ITO electrode. It also showed outstanding long-term stability and good reproducibility. Notably, poisoning by chloride ions and interference from ascorbic acid, uric acid and acetaminophen were negligible. Therefore, the nanoparticles-aggregated CuO sphere-like clusters would be a promising candidate electrode material for the development of nonenzymatic glucose sensors.
Role of human premotor dorsal region in learning a conditional visuomotor task
Authors: Parikh Pranav J. , Santello Marco 
Published: November 2016

Conditional learning is an important component of our everyday activities (e.g., handling a phone or sorting work files) and requires identification of the arbitrary stimulus, accurate selection of the motor response, monitoring of the response, and storing in memory of the stimulus-response association for future recall. Learning this type of conditional visuomotor task appears to engage the premotor dorsal region (PMd). However, the extent to which PMd might be involved in specific or all processes of conditional learning is not well understood. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we demonstrate the role of human PMd in specific stages of learning of a novel conditional visuomotor task that required subjects to identify object center of mass using a color cue and to apply appropriate torque on the object at lift onset to minimize tilt. TMS over PMd, but not vertex, increased error in torque exerted on the object during the learning trials. Analyses of digit position and forces further revealed that the slowing in conditional visuomotor learning resulted from impaired monitoring of the object orientation during lift, rather than stimulus identification, thus compromising the ability to accurately reduce performance error across trials. Importantly, TMS over PMd did not alter production of torque based on the recall of learned color-torque associations. We conclude that the role of PMd for conditional learning is highly sensitive to the stage of learning visuomotor associations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Conditional learning involves stimulus identification, motor response selection, response monitoring, memory encoding, and recall of the learned association. Premotor dorsal (PMd) has been implicated for conditional learning. However, the extent to which PMd might be involved in specific or all stages of conditional learning is not well understood. The novel finding of our study is that PMd appears to be involved with monitoring motor responses, a sensorimotor integration stage essential for conditional learning.
Contrasting Nav1.8 Activity in
Scn10a

−/−

Ventricular Myocytes and the Intact Heart
Authors: Stroud Dina Myers , Yang Tao , Bersell Kevin , Kryshtal Dymtro O. , Nagao Satomi , Shaffer Christian , Short Laura , Hall Lynn , Atack Thomas C. , Zhang Wei , Knollmann Bjorn C. , Baudenbacher Franz , Roden Dan M. 
Published: November 2016

Background

Genome‐wide association studies have implicated variants in

SCN
10A

, which encodes Nav1.8, as modulators of cardiac conduction. Follow‐up work has indicated the

SCN
10A

sequence includes an intronic enhancer for

SCN
5A

. Yet the role of the Nav1.8 protein in the myocardium itself is still unclear. To investigate this
,
we use homozygous knockout mice (
Scn10a

−/−

) generated by disruption of exons 4 and 5, leaving the
Scn5a
enhancer intact.

Methods and Results

We previously reported that pharmacologic blockade of Nav1.8 in wild‐type animals blunts action potential prolongation by
ATX
‐
II
at slow drive rates (≤1 Hz). Here we present evidence of the same blunting in
Scn10a

−/−

compared to wild‐type ventricular myocytes, supporting the conclusion that Nav1.8 contributes to late sodium current at slow rates. In contrast to earlier studies, we found no differences in electrocardiographic parameters between genotypes. Low‐dose
ATX
‐
II
exposure in lightly anesthetized animals and Langendorff‐perfused hearts prolonged
QT
c and generated arrhythmias to the same extent in wild‐type and
Scn10a

−/−

.
RNA
sequencing failed to identify full‐length
Scn10a
transcripts in wild‐type or knockout isolated ventricular myocytes. However, loss of late current in
Scn10a

−/−

myocytes was replicated independently in a blinded set of experiments.

Conclusions

While
Scn10a
transcripts are not detectible in ventricular cardiomyocytes, gene deletion results in reproducible loss of late sodium current under extreme experimental conditions. However, there are no identifiable consequences of this
Scn10a
deletion in the intact mouse heart at usual rates. These findings argue that common variants in

SCN
10A

that affect ventricular conduction do so by modulating

SCN
5A

.
Neuronal Na
v
1.8 Channels as a Novel Therapeutic Target of Acute Atrial Fibrillation Prevention
Authors: Chen XiaoMeng , Yu LiLei , Shi ShaoBo , Jiang Hong , Huang CongXin , Desai Mayurika , Li YiGang , Barajas‐Martinez Hector , Hu Dan 
Published: November 2016

Background

Ganglionated plexus have been developed as additional ablation targets to improve the outcome of atrial fibrillation (
AF
) besides pulmonary vein isolation. Recent studies implicated an intimate relationship between neuronal sodium channel Na
v
1.8 (encoded by

SCN
10A

) and
AF
. The underlying mechanism between Na
v
1.8 and
AF
remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of Na
v
1.8 in cardiac electrophysiology in an acute
AF
model and explore possible therapeutic targets.

Methods and Results

Immunohistochemical study was used on canine cardiac ganglionated plexus. Both Na
v
1.5 and Na
v
1.8 were expressed in ganglionated plexus with canonical neuronal markers. Sixteen canines were randomly administered either saline or the Na
v
1.8 blocker A‐803467. Electrophysiological study was compared between the 2 groups before and after 6‐hour rapid atrial pacing. Compared with the control group, administration of A‐803467 decreased the incidence of
AF
(87.5% versus 25.0%,
P
<0.05), shortened
AF
duration, and prolonged
AF
cycle length. A‐803467 also significantly suppressed the decrease in the effective refractory period and the increase in effective refractory period dispersion and cumulative window of vulnerability caused by rapid atrial pacing in all recording sites. Patch clamp study was performed under 100 nmol/L A‐803467 in
TSA
201 cells cotransfected with

SCN
10A

‐
WT
,

SCN
5A

‐
WT
, and

SCN
3B

‐
WT
.

I
N

a,P
was reduced by 45.34% at −35 mV, and

I
N

a,L
by 68.57% at −20 mV. Evident fast inactivation, slow recovery, and use‐dependent block were also discovered after applying the drug.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that Na
v
1.8 could exert its effect on electrophysiological characteristics through cardiac ganglionated plexus. It indicates that Na
v
1.8 is a novel target in understanding cardiac electrophysiology and

SCN
10A

‐related arrhythmias.
Large-Scale Gravity Current over the Middle Hills of the Nepal Himalaya: Implications for Aircraft Accidents
Authors: Regmi Ram P. , Kitada Toshihiro , Dudhia Jimy , Maharjan Sangeeta 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNepal has been the location of a series of fatal aircraft accidents, raising serious concerns about civil aviation security and the safety of passengers. However, significant studies on weather patterns associated with the airports and air routes of the Himalayan complex terrain and their implications for aviation activities are yet to be carried out. The present study numerically reconstructs the prevailing weather conditions and puts forward some possible causes behind the most recent fatal aircraft accident in the foothills of the western Nepal Himalaya at 0730 UTC (1315 LST) 16 February 2014. The weather patterns have been numerically simulated at 1-km2 horizontal grid resolution using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modeling system. The reconstructed weather situation shows the existence of a low-level cloud ceiling, supercooled cloud water and hail, trapped mountain waves, supercritical descent of a strong tail wind, and the development of turbulence at the altitude of the flight path followed by the aircraft. The aircraft might have gone through a series of weather hazards including visibility obstruction, moderate turbulence, abnormal loss in altitude, and icing. It is concluded that the weather situation over the region was adverse enough to affect small aircraft and therefore that it might have played an important role leading to the fatal accident. The development of hazardous weather over the region may be attributed to a previously unanticipated large-scale easterly gravity current over the middle hills of the Nepal Himalaya. The gravity current originated from the central high Himalayan mountainous region located northeast of the Kathmandu valley and traveled more than 200 km, reaching the foothills of the western Nepal Himalaya.
Simulating ENSO SSTAs from TAO/TRITON Winds: The Impacts of 20 Years of Buoy Observations in the Pacific Waveguide and Comparison with Reanalysis Products
Authors: Chiodi Andrew M. , Harrison D. E. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The fundamental importance of near-equatorial zonal wind stress in the evolution of the tropical Pacific Ocean’s seasonal cycle and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events is well known. It has been two decades since the TAO/TRITON buoy array was deployed, in part to provide accurate surface wind observations across the Pacific waveguide. It is timely to revisit the impact of TAO/TRITON winds on our ability to simulate and thereby understand the evolution of sea surface temperature (SST) in this region. This work shows that forced ocean model simulations of SST anomalies (SSTAs) during the periods with a reasonably high buoy data return rate can reproduce the major elements of SSTA variability during ENSO events using a wind stress field computed from TAO/TRITON observations only. This demonstrates that the buoy array usefully fulfills its waveguide-wind-measurement purpose. Comparison of several reanalysis wind fields commonly used in recent ENSO studies with the TAO/TRITON observations reveals substantial biases in the reanalyses that cause substantial errors in the variability and trends of the reanalysis-forced SST simulations. In particular, the negative trend in ERA-Interim is much larger and the NCEP–NCAR Reanalysis-1 and NCEP–DOE Reanalysis-2 variability much less than seen in the TAO/TRITON wind observations. There are also mean biases. Thus, even with the TAO/TRITON observations available for assimilation into these wind products, there remain oceanically important differences. The reanalyses would be much more useful for ENSO and tropical Pacific climate change study if they would more effectively assimilate the TAO/TRITON observations.
Impacts of Spatiotemporal Anomalies of Tibetan Plateau Snow Cover on Summer Precipitation in Eastern China
Authors: Wang Chenghai , Yang Kai , Li Yiling , Wu Di , Bo Yue 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Tibetan Plateau (TP) snow cover undergoes significant temporal and spatial variations during the winter and spring months. This study investigates the relationship between the spatiotemporal distribution of winter–spring snow cover (SC) over the TP and summer precipitation in eastern China (EC) using the singular value decomposition (SVD) method. Four simulation experiments are designed to validate the results of SVD analysis. Both observations and simulations show that heavier snow cover in the southern TP leads to more rainfall in the Yangtze River basin and northeastern China, and less precipitation in southern China, whereas heavier snow cover in the northern TP results in enhanced rainfall in southeastern and northern China and weakened precipitation in the Yangtze River basin. The linkage is attributed to anomalous westerly winds in the upper troposphere at around 200 hPa and to changes of the southern branch of westerlies at 500 hPa on the south side of the TP, which are caused by lasting diabatic heat anomalies over the TP. The shifts in position of the westerly jet at the exit region and negative anomalies of geopotential height at 500 hPa further result in anomalous anticyclone over the East China Sea and the corresponding 850-hPa water vapor convergence and influence the anomalous summer precipitation belt in EC.
Multidecadal Trends and Interannual Variability of Rainfall as Observed from Five Lowland Stations at Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Authors: Otte Insa , Detsch Florian , Mwangomo Ephraim , Hemp Andreas , Appelhans Tim , Nauss Thomas 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Future rainfall dynamics in the Kilimanjaro region will mainly be influenced by both global climate and local land-cover change. An increase in rainfall is expected, but rising temperatures are also predicted for the ecosystem. In situ rainfall of five stations is analyzed to determine seasonal variability and multidecadal trends in the lowlands and lower elevations of the Kilimanjaro region. Monthly rainfall totals are obtained from the Tanzanian Meteorological Agency, from two mission stations, and from a sugar cane plantation. The datasets of the two mission stations cover time spans of 64 and 62 years, starting in 1940 and 1942, while rainfall data obtained from the Tanzanian Meteorological Agency and from the sugar cane plantation start in 1973 and 1974 and thus cover 40–41 years. In one out of five stations, a significant weak negative linear long-term trend in rainfall is observable, which is also evident in the other locations but is not significant. However, humid and dry decades are evident and seasonality has changed, especially during the long rains between March and May. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in combination with positive Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) leads to enhanced rainfall during the year of ENSO onset and the following year. During La Niña years, rainfall increases in the following year, while during the onset year rainfall patterns are more diverse. Positive IOD leads to enhanced rainfall amounts.