bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Sodium Mobility and Binding by 23Na NMR Spectroscopy in a Model Lipoproteic Emulsion Gel for Sodium Reduction
Authors: Okada Kyle S. , Lee Youngsoo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe effects of formulation and processing parameters on sodium availability in a model lipid/protein‐based emulsion gel were studied for purposes of sodium reduction. Heat‐set model gels were prepared with varying levels of protein, lipid, and NaCl contents and high pressure homogenization treatments. Single quantum and double quantum‐filtered 23Na NMR spectroscopy experiments were used to characterize sodium mobility, structural order around “bound” (restricted mobility) sodium, and sodium binding, which have been correlated to saltiness perception in food systems previously. Total sodium mobility was lower in gels with higher protein or fat content, and was not affected by changes in homogenization pressure. The gels with increased protein, fat, or homogenization pressure had increased structure surrounding “bound” sodium and more relative “bound” sodium due to increased interfacial protein interactions. The data obtained in this study provide information on factors affecting sodium availability, which can be applied towards sodium reduction in lipid/protein‐based foods.
Sending family history questionnaires to patients before a colonoscopy improves genetic counseling for hereditary colorectal cancer
Authors: Kessels Koen , Eisinger Joey D , Letteboer Tom G , Offerhaus G Johan A , Siersema Peter D , Moons Leon M G 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVESTo investigate whether sending a family history questionnaire to patients prior to undergoing colonoscopy results in an increased availability of family history and better genetic counseling.METHODSA questionnaire was mailed to patients before they underwent outpatient colonoscopy at a university hospital in 2013. These patients’ additional characteristics and referral for genetic evaluation were retrieved from the electronic medical records. Patients undergoing inpatient coloboscopy, with confirmed hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) or inflammatory bowel disease were excluded. All study patients from 2010 to 2013 were matched with the database of the genetics department to determine who consulted a geneticist.RESULTSA total of 6163 patients underwent colonoscopy from 2010 to 2013. Of 1421 who underwent colonoscopy in 2013, 53 (3.7%) consulted a geneticist, while 75 (1.6%) of 4742 patients undergoing colonoscopy between 2010 and 2012 did so (P < 0.01). A total of 974 patients undergoing colonoscopy in 2013 were included to evaluate the completed questionnaire. Of these, 282 (29.0%) completed the questionnaire. Family history was not recorded in the electronic medical records of 393 (40.3%). In 129 (32.8%), family history was obtained from the completed questionnaire. In 2013, 49 (60.5%) out of 81 patients referred for genetic counseling were referred based on their family history. Eight (9.9%) patients were referred based on the completed questionnaire.CONCLUSIONScreening for hereditary CRC in a population undergoing outpatient colonoscopy with a questionnaire sent by mail resulted in an increased availability of family histories and genetic counseling.
Exploring bacterial interspecific interactions for discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds
Authors: Tyc Olaf , de Jager Victor C.L. , van den Berg Marlies , Gerards Saskia , Janssens Thierry K.S. , Zaagman Niels , Kai Marco , Svatos Ales , Zweers Hans , Hordijk Cornelis , Besselink Harrie , de Boer Wietse , Garbeva Paolina 
Published: May 2017

SummaryRecent studies indicated that the production of secondary metabolites by soil bacteria can be triggered by interspecific interactions. However, little is known to date about interspecific interactions between Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. In this study, we aimed to understand how the interspecific interaction between the Gram‐positive Paenibacillus sp. AD87 and the Gram‐negative Burkholderia sp. AD24 affects the fitness, gene expression and the production of soluble and volatile secondary metabolites of both bacteria. To obtain better insight into this interaction, transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed. Our results revealed that the interaction between the two bacteria affected their fitness, gene expression and the production of secondary metabolites. During interaction, the growth of Paenibacillus was not affected, whereas the growth of Burkholderia was inhibited at 48 and 72 h. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the interaction between Burkholderia and Paenibacillus caused significant transcriptional changes in both bacteria as compared to the monocultures. The metabolomic analysis revealed that the interaction increased the production of specific volatile and soluble antimicrobial compounds such as 2,5‐bis(1‐methylethyl)‐pyrazine and an unknown Pederin‐like compound. The pyrazine volatile compound produced by Paenibacillus was subjected to bioassays and showed strong inhibitory activity against Burkholderia and a range of plant and human pathogens. Moreover, strong additive antimicrobial effects were observed when soluble extracts from the interacting bacteria were combined with the pure 2,5‐bis(1‐methylethyl)‐pyrazine. The results obtained in this study highlight the importance to explore bacterial interspecific interactions to discover novel secondary metabolites and to perform simultaneously metabolomics of both, soluble and volatile compounds.
Identification of tissue‐specific transcriptional markers of caloric restriction in the mouse and their use to evaluate caloric restriction mimetics
Authors: Barger Jamie L. , Vann James M. , Cray Nicole L. , Pugh Thomas D. , Mastaloudis Angela , Hester Shelly N. , Wood Steven M. , Newton Michael A. , Weindruch Richard , Prolla Tomas A. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryCaloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition has been shown to retard several aspects of the aging process and to extend lifespan in different species. There is strong interest in the identification of CR mimetics (CRMs), compounds that mimic the beneficial effects of CR on lifespan and healthspan without restriction of energy intake. Identification of CRMs in mammals is currently inefficient due to the lack of screening tools. We have performed whole‐genome transcriptional profiling of CR in seven mouse strains (C3H/HeJ, CBA/J, DBA/2J, B6C3F1/J, 129S1/SvImJ, C57BL/6J, and BALB/cJ) in white adipose tissue (WAT), gastrocnemius muscle, heart, and brain neocortex. This analysis has identified tissue‐specific panels of genes that change in expression in multiple mouse strains with CR. We validated a subset of genes with qPCR and used these to evaluate the potential CRMs bezafibrate, pioglitazone, metformin, resveratrol, quercetin, 2,4‐dinitrophenol, and L‐carnitine when fed to C57BL/6J 2‐month‐old mice for 3 months. Compounds were also evaluated for their ability to modulate previously characterized biomarkers of CR, including mitochondrial enzymes citrate synthase and SIRT3, plasma inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IFN‐γ, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and adipocyte size. Pioglitazone, a PPAR‐γ agonist, and L‐carnitine, an amino acid involved in lipid metabolism, displayed the strongest effects on both the novel transcriptional markers of CR and the additional CR biomarkers tested. Our findings provide panels of tissue‐specific transcriptional markers of CR that can be used to identify novel CRMs, and also represent the first comparative molecular analysis of several potential CRMs in multiple tissues in mammals.
A new methodological approach to adjust alcohol exposure distributions to improve the estimation of alcohol‐attributable fractions
Authors: Parish William J. , Aldridge Arnie , Allaire Benjamin , Ekwueme Donatus U. , Poehler Diana , Guy Gery P. , Thomas Cheryll C. , Trogdon Justin G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsTo assess the burden of excessive alcohol use, researchers estimate alcohol‐attributable fractions (AAFs) routinely. However, under‐reporting in survey data can bias these estimates. We present an approach that adjusts for under‐reporting in the estimation of AAFs, particularly within subgroups. This framework is a refinement of a previous method conducted by Rehm et al.MethodsWe use a measurement error model to derive the ‘true’ alcohol distribution from a ‘reported’ alcohol distribution. The ‘true’ distribution leverages per‐capita sales data to identify the distribution average and then identifies the shape of the distribution with self‐reported survey data. Data are from the National Alcohol Survey (NAS), the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) and the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). We compared our approach with previous approaches by estimating the AAF of female breast cancer cases.ResultsCompared with Rehm et al.’s approach, our refinement performs similarly under a gamma assumption. For example, among females aged 18–25 years, the two approaches produce estimates from NHSDA that are within a percentage point. However, relaxing the gamma assumption generally produces more conservative evidence. For example, among females aged 18–25 years, estimates from NHSDA based on the best‐fitting distribution are only 19.33% of breast cancer cases, which is a much smaller proportion than the gamma‐based estimates of approximately 28%.ConclusionsA refinement of Rehm et al.’s approach to adjusting for underreporting in the estimation of alcohol‐attributable fractions provides more flexibility. This flexibility can avoid biases associated with failing to account for the underlying differences in alcohol consumption patterns across different study populations. Comparisons of our refinement with Rehm et al.’s approach show that results are similar when a gamma distribution is assumed. However, results are appreciably lower when the best‐fitting distribution is chosen versus gamma‐based results.
Variation in cannabis potency and prices in a newly legal market: evidence from 30 million cannabis sales in Washington state
Authors: Smart Rosanna , Caulkins Jonathan P. , Kilmer Beau , Davenport Steven , Midgette Greg 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsTo (1) assess trends and variation in the market share of product types and potency sold in a legal cannabis retail market and (2) estimate how potency and purchase quantity influence price variation for cannabis flower.DesignSecondary analysis of publicly available data from Washington State's cannabis traceability system spanning 7 July 2014 to 30 September 2016. Descriptive statistics and linear regressions assessed variation and trends in cannabis product variety and potency. Hedonic regressions estimated how purchase quantity and potency influence cannabis flower price variation.SettingWashington State, USA.Participants(1) A total of 44 482 176 million cannabis purchases, including (2) 31 052 123 cannabis flower purchases after trimming price and quantity outliers.MeasurementsPrimary outcome measures were (1) monthly expenditures on cannabis, total delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration and cannabidiol (CBD) concentration by product type and (2) excise tax‐inclusive price per gram of cannabis flower. Key covariates for the hedonic price regressions included quantity purchased, THC and CBD.FindingsTraditional cannabis flowers still account for the majority of spending (66.6%), but the market share of extracts for inhalation increased by 145.8% between October 2014 and September 2016, now comprising 21.2% of sales. The average THC‐level for cannabis extracts is more than triple that for cannabis flowers (68.7% compared to 20.6%). For flower products, there is a statistically significant relationship between price per gram and both THC [coefficient = 0.012; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.011–0.013] and CBD (coefficient = 0.017; CI = 0.015–0.019). The estimated discount elasticity is −0.06 (CI = −0.07 to −0.05).ConclusionsIn the state of Washington, USA, the legal cannabis market is currently dominated by high‐THC cannabis flower, and features growing expenditures on extracts. For cannabis flower, both THC and CBD are associated with higher per‐gram prices, and there are small but significant quantity discounts.
The contribution of alcohol use and other behavioural, material and social factors to socio‐economic differences in alcohol‐related disorders in a Swedish cohort
Authors: Sydén Lovisa , Sidorchuk Anna , Mäkelä Pia , Landberg Jonas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsWe estimated the degree to which the relationship between socio‐economic position (SEP) and alcohol‐related disorders is attenuated after adjustment for levels and patterns of drinking, behavioural, material and social factors.DesignA longitudinal cohort study with baseline in 2002, with linkage to register data on patient care and deaths in 2002–11 to yield the outcome measures.SettingStockholm County, Sweden.ParticipantsRespondents to baseline survey aged 25–64 (n = 17 440) with information on all studied covariates.MeasurementsOccupational class was the studied SEP indicator and a combined measure of volume of weekly alcohol consumption and frequency of heavy episodic drinking, smoking, employment status, income, social support, marital status and education, all at baseline, were the studied covariates. Alcohol‐related disorders (n = 388) were indicated by first register entries on alcohol‐related medical care or death during the follow‐up.FindingsUnskilled workers had an approximately four times greater risk of alcohol‐related disorders than higher non‐manual employees, hazard ratio (HR) = 4.08 (2.78, 5.98). After adjustment for alcohol use, the SEP difference in risk for alcohol‐related harm fell by a fourth for the same group, HR = 2.91 (1.96, 4.33). The difference was reduced further when behavioural factors and material factors were taken into account, HR = 2.09 (1.34, 3.26), whereas adjusting for social factors and attained education resulted in smaller reductions.ConclusionsSocio‐economic differences in alcohol use explain one fourth of the socio‐economic position differences in alcohol‐related disorders in Stockholm, Sweden. Hazardous alcohol use and other behavioural, material and social factors together explain nearly 60% of the socio‐economic position differences in alcohol‐related disorders.
Familial association of abstinent remission from alcohol use disorder in first‐degree relatives of alcohol‐dependent treatment‐seeking probands
Authors: McCutcheon Vivia V. , Schuckit Marc A. , Kramer John R. , Chan Grace , Edenberg Howard J. , Smith Tom L. , Bender Annah K. , Hesselbrock Victor , Hesselbrock Michie , Bucholz Kathleen K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsStudies that have included family history of alcohol use disorder (AUD) as a predictor of remission from AUD have yielded few significant results. The goals of this study were to estimate the association of persistent AUD, non‐abstinent remission and abstinent remission (‘AUD/remission status’) in a proband with AUD/remission status in a relative and to test whether this association differed in related and unrelated proband‐relative pairs.DesignHigh‐risk family study of alcohol dependence. Probands were recruited from treatment settings and relatives were invited to participate. Baseline assessments occurred between 1991 and 1998 with follow‐up between 1996 and 2005. Half of probands were matched with a biological 1st‐degree relative with life‐time AUD (related group) and half of probands were paired with an unrelated individual with life‐time AUD (unrelated group).SettingBrooklyn, New York; Indianapolis, Indiana; Iowa City, Iowa; San Diego, California; Farmington, Connecticut; and St Louis, Missouri, USA.ParticipantsA total of 606 probands (25.7% female, mean age 37.7) with baseline and follow‐up data and 606 of their 1st‐degree relatives who had life‐ime AUDs (45.8% female, mean age 36.2 years).MeasurementsPersistent AUD, non‐abstinent remission and abstinent remission were based on self‐report interview data on most recent AUD symptoms and alcohol consumption. Dependent variable was relatives’ AUD/remission status. Independent variable was probands’ AUD/remission status.FindingsA total of 34.6% of probands and 20.6% of relatives were abstinent and 11.1% of probands and 22.8% of relatives were in non‐abstinent remission. AUD/remission status was correlated significantly in related (r = 0.23, P = 0.0037) but not in unrelated pairs. A significant interaction of probands’ abstinent remission with a variable representing related (versus unrelated, P = 0.003) pairs suggested a familial association for abstinent remission. In related pairs, individuals with an abstinent proband were more likely to be abstinent themselves than were individuals whose proband had persistent AUD [relative risk ratio = 3.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.56–6.85, P = 0.002]; this association was not significant in unrelated pairs.ConclusionsThe likelihood of abstinent remission among people with alcohol use disorder appears to be more than three times greater for individuals who are related to an abstinent proband versus those related to a proband with persistent alcohol use disorder.
Ecobiology of Anaphothrips obscurus, a new dweller of citrus orchards brought in by more sustainable pest management practices
Authors: Gómez‐Martínez María A. , Aguilar‐Fenollosa Ernestina , Jaques Josep A. , Pina Tatiana 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The abundance and frequency of Anaphothrips obscurus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) increased in a cover of Festuca arundinacea (Poaceae) when this plant was used to improve the biological control of the clementine key pest Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae).
To unveil the ecological role of A. obscurus in this system, we re‐explored field data and performed laboratory studies aiming to determine its demographic parameters and feeding habits, as well as its role as a prey of predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) occurring in the Spanish citrus agreoecosystem.
Field studies indicate that T. urticae populations decreased, whereas those of A. obscurus and phytoseiids, as a whole, increased.
Reproductive and demographic parameters of macropterous and brachypterous morphs of A. obscurus were different and confirmed the host status of F. arundinacea.
Anaphothrips obscurus could compete with T. urticae as a result of its higher intrinsic rate of increase in F. arundinacea. However, A. obscurus zoophagy on T. urticae eggs and the host status of citrus can be discarded.
Anaphothrips obscurus can be a prey for Euseius stipulatus, Neoseiulus barkeri and Neoseiulus californicus (three phytoseiids preying on T. urticae), suggesting that apparent competition between A. obscurus and T. urticae could occur in citrus orchards.
Comparison of circumferential peripheral angle closure using iridotrabecular contact index after laser iridotomy versus combined laser iridotomy and iridoplasty
Authors: Cho Hyun‐kyung , Kee Changwon , Yang Heon , Huh Hyoun Do , Kim Su Jin , Park Young Min , Park Jong Moon 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeTo compare the quantitative changes of peripheral angle after laser iridotomy (LI) alone (group A) or combined LI and Iridoplasty (group B) using iridotrabecular contact (ITC) index by swept‐source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT).MethodsIn this prospective comparative observational study, OCT images were obtained before and after the procedure. In each image frame, scleral spur (SS) and the ITC end point (EP) were marked and ITC index was calculated as a percentage of the angle closure from 360°. Age, gender, diagnosis and initial ITC index in Group B were matched with group A. Changes in ITC index, anterior chamber angle parameters, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were inspected.ResultsThirty‐three eyes (20 patients) with shallow anterior chamber were included in each group. Initial ITC index and initial IOP were not significantly different between the two groups (both p > 0.05). However, ITC index and IOP after the procedure were significantly lower in group B than those in group A (ITC index: 31.3 ± 23.2 in group A, 19.0 ± 21.3 in group B, p = 0.011, IOP: p = 0.004). All anterior chamber angle parameters in group B and all parameters in group A except nasal trabecular‐iris angles (TIA) were significantly increased after the laser procedure (all p < 0.05).ConclusionIn patients with shallow anterior chamber, combined LI and Iridoplasty may open the peripheral angle better than LI alone. Iridoplasty may be able to additionally relieve the peripheral angle closure caused by other mechanisms than pupillary block.
If you needed an organ transplant would you have one? The effect of reciprocity priming and mode of delivery on organ donor registration intentions and behaviour
Authors: O'Carroll Ronan E. , Haddow Lorna , Foley Laura , Quigley Jody 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThere are approximately 6,500 people on the UK national transplant waiting list, around 400 of whom die every year. Only 35% of the UK population are currently on the organ donation register. We report two studies examining whether a reciprocity prime, in which participants were asked whether they would accept a donated organ, increased organ donation intentions and behaviour.DesignBetween‐participants, randomized controlled design.MethodsIn two studies, participants who were not currently registered organ donors took part either face‐to‐face or online and were randomly allocated to a reciprocity prime or control condition. Following the manipulation, they were asked to indicate, on either a paper or online questionnaire, their intention to join the organ donor register. Study 2 was similar to Study 1 but with the addition that after reporting intention, participants were then offered an organ donation information leaflet or the opportunity to click a link for further information (proxy behavioural measure).ResultsIn both studies, reciprocity primed participants reported greater intentions to register than controls. However, in Study 2, no effect on donation behaviour was found.ConclusionsReciprocal altruism may be a useful tool in increasing intentions to join the organ donor register. Further evaluation is required to determine whether this increase in intention can be translated into organ donation behaviour.
Statement of contribution

What was already known?

Demand for organs in the United Kingdom far outstrips supply, so finding strategies to increase registration on the organ donor register could save hundreds of lives per year. Despite the majority of people in the United Kingdom agreeing that organ donation is a good thing, most people do not register as donors. A limited amount of evidence of the impact of perceived reciprocity suggests that encouraging people to consider themselves as recipients and priming ideas of shared responsibility may increase the likelihood of their subsequent willingness to register.

What does this study add?

Novel evidence that employing a simple reciprocity prime increases organ donor registration intentions.

Replication of findings across two separate studies.

Novel examination of the impact of mode of delivery of messages to encourage organ donation.

A basis for further research into the translation of intentions into organ donor registration behaviour.