bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procalcitonin and C‐reactive protein may help to detect invasive bacterial infections in children who have fever without source
Authors: Hubert‐Dibon Gaëlle , Danjou Lou , Feildel‐Fournial Cécile , Vrignaud Bénédicte , Masson Damien , Launay Elise , Gras‐Le Guen Christèle 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the epidemiology and performance of biomarkers for identifying bacterial infections in children who presented with fever without source.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study in the paediatric department at the University Hospital of Nantes, France, in 2016. Children older than six days and younger than five years of age were included.ResultsA total of 1060 children (52.2% male) with fever without source were admitted, and the median age was 17 months (interquartile range: 6.6–24.3 months). Severe bacterial infections were diagnosed in 127 (11.9%) children and invasive bacterial infections in 11 (1.0%) children: four (0.3%) with bacterial meningitis and seven (0.6%) with bacteraemia. A further 114 (10.7%) had urinary tract infections. We explored the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curves for identifying invasive bacterial infections. The curves for procalcitonin and C‐reactive protein assays were better than those for the absolute neutrophil counts and the white blood cell counts.ConclusionThis study found that there was a low prevalence of invasive bacterial infections in children who presented with fever without source. It also showed that procalcitonin and C‐reactive protein may help to detect invasive bacterial infections in children who have fever without source.
Increased FXYD1 and PGC‐1α mRNA after blood flow‐restricted running is related to fibre type‐specific AMPK signalling and oxidative stress in human muscle
Authors: Christiansen D. , Murphy R. M. , Bangsbo J. , Stathis C. G. , Bishop D. J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThis study explored the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) on mRNA responses of PGC‐1α (total, 1α1, and 1α4) and Na+,K+‐ATPase isoforms (NKA; α1‐3, β1‐3, and FXYD1) to an interval running session and determined whether these effects were related to increased oxidative stress, hypoxia, and fibre type‐specific AMPK and CaMKII signalling, in human skeletal muscle.MethodsIn a randomized, crossover fashion, 8 healthy men (26 ± 5 year and 57.4 ± 6.3 mL kg−1 min−1) completed 3 exercise sessions: without (CON) or with blood flow restriction (BFR), or in systemic hypoxia (HYP, ~3250 m). A muscle sample was collected before (Pre) and after exercise (+0 hour, +3 hours) to quantify mRNA, indicators of oxidative stress (HSP27 protein in type I and II fibres, and catalase and HSP70 mRNA), metabolites, and α‐AMPK Thr172/α‐AMPK, ACC Ser221/ACC, CaMKII Thr287/CaMKII, and PLBSer16/PLB ratios in type I and II fibres.ResultsMuscle hypoxia (assessed by near‐infrared spectroscopy) was matched between BFR and HYP, which was higher than CON (~90% vs ~70%; P < .05). The mRNA levels of FXYD1 and PGC‐1α isoforms (1α1 and 1α4) increased in BFR only (P < .05) and were associated with increases in indicators of oxidative stress and type I fibre ACC Ser221/ACC ratio, but dissociated from muscle hypoxia, lactate, and CaMKII signalling.ConclusionBlood flow restriction augmented exercise‐induced increases in muscle FXYD1 and PGC‐1α mRNA in men. This effect was related to increased oxidative stress and fibre type‐dependent AMPK signalling, but unrelated to the severity of muscle hypoxia, lactate accumulation, and modulation of fibre type‐specific CaMKII signalling.
Von Willebrand factor indicates bacterial translocation, inflammation, and procoagulant imbalance and predicts complications independently of portal hypertension severity
Authors: Mandorfer M. , Schwabl P. , Paternostro R. , Pomej K. , Bauer D. , Thaler J. , Ay C. , Quehenberger P. , Fritzer‐Szekeres M. , Peck‐Radosavljevic M. , Trauner M. , Reiberger T. , Ferlitsch A. ,   the Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundElevated plasma von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF) has been shown to indicate the presence of clinically significant portal hypertension, and thus, predicts the development of clinical events in patients with cirrhosis.AimTo investigate the impact of bacterial translocation and inflammation on vWF, as well as the association between vWF and procoagulant imbalance. Moreover, we assessed whether vWF predicts complications of cirrhosis, independent of the severity of portal hypertension.MethodsOur study population comprised 225 patients with hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) ≥ 10 mm Hg without active bacterial infections or hepatocellular carcinoma.ResultsvWF correlated with markers of bacterial translocation (lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein [LBP; ρ = 0.201; P = 0.021]), inflammation (interleukin 6 [IL‐6; ρ = 0.426; P < 0.001] and C‐reactive protein [CRP; ρ = 0.249; P < 0.001]), and procoagulant imbalance (factor VIII/protein C ratio; ρ = 0.507; P < 0.001). Importantly, the associations between vWF and these parameters were independent of HVPG.Moreover, vWF (per 10%) independently predicted variceal bleeding (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.08 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.01‐1.16]; P = 0.023), requirement of paracentesis (HR: 1.05 [95% CI: 1.01‐1.1]; P = 0.023) and bacterial infections (HR: 1.04 [95% CI: 1‐1.09]; P = 0.04) including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (HR: 1.09 [95% CI: 0.999‐1.18]; P = 0.053) on a trend‐wise level. After backward elimination, vWF (HR: 1.05 [95% CI: 1.02‐1.08]; P = 0.003) and CRP (per 10 mg/L; HR: 1.53 [95% CI: 1.14‐2.05]; P = 0.005) remained in the final model for transplant‐free mortality. Finally, the independent prognostic value of vWF/CRP groups for mortality was confirmed by competing risk analysis.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that vWF is not only a marker of portal hypertension but also independently linked to bacterial translocation, inflammation and procoagulant imbalance, which might explain its HVPG‐independent association with most clinical events. Prognostic groups based on vWF/CRP efficiently discriminate between patients with a poor 5‐year survival and patients with a favourable prognosis.
Positive stereotypes, negative outcomes: Reminders of the positive components of complementary gender stereotypes impair performance in counter‐stereotypical tasks
Authors: Kahalon Rotem , Shnabel Nurit , Becker Julia C. 
Published: January 2018

Gender stereotypes are complementary: Women are perceived to be communal but not agentic, whereas men are perceived to be agentic but not communal. The present research tested whether exposure to reminders of the positive components of these gender stereotypes can lead to stereotype threat and subsequent performance deficits on the complementary dimension. Study 1 (N = 116 female participants) revealed that compared to a control/no‐stereotype condition, exposure to reminders of the stereotype about women's communality (but not to reminders of the stereotype about women's beauty) impaired women's math performance. In Study 2 (N = 86 male participants), reminders of the stereotype about men's agency (vs. a control/no‐stereotype condition) impaired men's performance in a test of socio‐emotional abilities. Consistent with previous research on stereotype threat, in both studies the effect was evident among participants with high domain identification. These findings extend our understanding of the potentially adverse implications of seemingly positive gender stereotypes.
Kidney allograft survival outcomes in combined intestinal‐kidney transplant: An analysis of the UNOS/OPTN database 2000‐2014
Authors: Moinuddin Irfan , Yaqub Muhammad Sohail , Taber Tim , Mujtaba Muhammad , Sharfuddin Asif 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground and objectivesIntestinal transplants carry a high morbidity/mortality. Kidney allograft outcomes after combined intestinal (IT) with kidney transplant (CIKT) remain largely uninvestigated.Materials and methodsThe UNOS STAR database was queried to identify all such combined organ transplants from 2000 to 2015.ResultsOut of a total 2215 (51.4% peds vs 48.6% adults) intestinal transplants, 111 (5.0%) CIKT were identified (32.4% peds vs 67.6% adults). Over the study period of CIKT, a total of 45.9% of these cases died with a functioning kidney graft. DGF rate was 9.0%. The 1‐year reported kidney acute rejection rate was 6.3%. For the entire CIKT population over the entire study era, the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year unadjusted kidney graft survival was 57%, 39%, and 34%, while death‐censored kidney graft survival was 93%, 90%, and 86%, respectively. Overall conditional 5‐year kidney graft survival (defined as 1‐year kidney graft survival) was 58%. Overall, patient survival was significantly lower in recipients of CIKT compared to intestinal transplant (IT) (P < .005); However, the 5‐year conditional (1 year kidney graft) patient survival in adults was not significantly different between IT and CIKT overall (P = .194).ConclusionsKidney allograft survival is primarily dependent on 1‐year patient survival. Guidelines regarding allocation of kidney allografts in CIKT need to take into consideration utility and urgency.
Works of art and ivory: what are the issues?
Authors: Levy Martin P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThere is nothing new about worldwide concern for endangered fauna and flora. Indeed since 1975 the protection of threatened species has been enshrined in the Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). But most recently, the fate of the African elephant has been subject to particular scrutiny. This culminated in President Obama's 2014 “Director's Order 210”. Since then the movement of ivory into the States has effectively been banned, and internal commercial transactions subject to impossible restrictions. This affects the ability of museums to add significant works of art to their collections. Is this the correct approach? Surely the protection of endangered species and the preservation and presentation of “antique” works of art made of or containing ivory are not mutually exclusive.
An Art Conservation Perspective: Saving the African Elephant and Ivory Cultural Heritage
Authors: Drayman‐Weisser Terry , Hornbeck Stephanie E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA surge in African elephant poaching to supply global demand for ivory led the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to revise policies and regulations protecting African elephants. In 2014, commercial import of antique ivory was banned in compliance with the 1989 African Elephant Conservation Act, and non‐commercial import was restricted. In 2016, the USFWS revised other regulations regarding interstate commerce, export, and foreign commerce. For museums, confusion and uncertainty over interpretation of the regulations led to re‐examination of acquisitions and loan policies. In 2015, the American Institute for Conservation (AIC) appointed a working group to evaluate the impact on conservators working with ivory and to make recommendations for changes to reflect preservation concerns before the proposed regulations were to go into effect in 2016. This article discusses the conservator's role working with ivory artifacts, reviews preservation issues for museums raised by the regulations, and shares the AIC working group's recommendations for preserving ivory artifacts and the African elephant.
Ivory as an Important Model Bio‐composite
Authors: Vollrath Fritz , Mi Ruixin , Shah Darshil U. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIvory carves well and lasts long even under heavy usage. Its use over millennia are testaments to its value for household items, high‐value ornaments and weaponry as well as false teeth and early hip‐replacements. Indeed, exceptional toughness is required of the elephant's ivory because its tusk is used by the animal to leverage trees to breaking point or act as weapon in fights between bulls the size and weight of trucks. A number of studies have shown elephant ivory to be a highly non‐isotropic material with complex 3 dimensional structures and network of porosity. Combined, these properties give ivory its qualities so desirable by carvers, pianists, artists and pool players. In this brief overview we focus on the structures and material properties of elephant ivory, many of which are shared by other types of ivories.
Mindfulness and fear of hypoglycaemia in parents of children with Type 1 diabetes: results from Diabetes MILES Youth – The Netherlands
Authors: Aalders J. , Hartman E. , Nefs G. , Nieuwesteeg A. , Hendrieckx C. , Aanstoot H.‐J. , Winterdijk P. , van Mil E. , Speight J. , Pouwer F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimsTo identify the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of fear of hypoglycaemia among parents of children (aged 4–18 years) with Type 1 diabetes and to examine the relationships between parental fear of hypoglycaemia, mindfulness and mindful parenting.MethodsSociodemographic, self‐reported clinical and psychological data were extracted from the cross‐sectional Diabetes MILES Youth – The Netherlands dataset. Questionnaires included the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey – Parent Worry (parental fear of hypoglycaemia), the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory – Short version (mindfulness) and the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (mindful parenting).ResultsA total of 421 parents (359 mothers) participated. Hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that greater parental fear of hypoglycaemia was related to younger parental age, low educational level, non‐Dutch nationality, more frequent blood glucose monitoring, and less general mindfulness. Adding mindful parenting to the model negated the previous contribution of general mindfulness. In this model, lower mindful parenting was related to greater parental fear of hypoglycaemia. In particular, parents with an increased ability to be less judgemental of themselves as parents and less reactive to emotions within parenting interactions reported less fear of hypoglycaemia. In total, 21% of the variance in parental fear of hypoglycaemia was explained.ConclusionParental fear of hypoglycaemia was associated largely with parental characteristics, including non‐modifiable sociodemographics (i.e. age, education, nationality) and modifiable psychological factors (i.e. mindful parenting). These findings suggest that it is important to further explore mindfulness‐based interventions for parents to reduce fear of hypoglycaemia next to interventions to reduce hypoglycaemia.
Planning for Low End Analytics Disruptions in Business School Curricula
Authors: Rienzo Thomas , Chen Kuanchin 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTAnalytics is getting a great deal of attention in both industrial and academic venues. Organizations of all types are becoming more serious about transforming data from a variety of sources into insight, and analytics is the key to that transformation. Academic institutions are rapidly responding to the demand for analytics talent, with hundreds of offerings aimed at producing a broad range of analytical graduates from data scientists to data‐savvy managers and functional specialists. Curricula generally provides best practice methods of tackling descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics; but there has been little discussion about the disruptive nature of increasingly robust analytical tools in the academic space. The net effect of astounding tool capability is empowerment of less technically trained people to address analytical complexities heretofore only comprehensible to data scientists with in‐depth knowledge of mathematics, programming, and statistics. This article examines skills needed for analytics in industry, academic response, and evolving analytic needs through the lens of disruption theories of Clayton Christensen. We offer a direction of curriculum development by supplementing the disruption theory with three interactive components of problem space mapping: processes, tools, and techniques. The challenge for academicians is a dynamic, adaptable curricula addressing multiple levels of data analyses.
Fine‐scale movement ecology of a freshwater top predator, Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), in response to the abiotic environment over the course of a year
Authors: Nakayama Shinnosuke , Doering‐Arjes Peer , Linzmaier Stefan , Briege John , Klefoth Thomas , Pieterek Tonio , Arlinghaus Robert 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFine‐scale underwater telemetry affords an unprecedented opportunity to understand how aquatic animals respond to environmental changes. We investigated the movement patterns of an aquatic top predator, Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), using a three‐dimensional acoustic telemetry system installed in Kleiner Döllnsee (25 ha), a small, shallow, mesotrophic natural lake. Adult piscivorous perch (N = 16) were tagged and tracked in the whole lake at a minimum of 9‐s intervals over the course of one year. Perch increased swimming activity with higher water temperature and light intensity. Air pressure, wind speed and lunar phase also explained perch movements, but the effects were substantially smaller compared to temperature and light. Perch showed a strong diel pattern in activity, with farther swimming distances and larger activity spaces during the daytime, compared to the night‐time. To investigate the influence of prey distribution, we sampled the prey fish in both littoral and pelagic zones in both day and night monthly using gill nets. We found that the prey fish underwent diel horizontal migration, using the littoral zone during the day and the pelagic zone during the night. However, perch showed the opposite patterns, suggesting either that the prey fish avoided predation risk or that the horizontal diel migration of perch was driven by other mechanisms. Our results collectively suggest that the movement ecology of piscivorous perch is mainly governed by a foraging motivation as a function of abiotic variables, especially temperature and light.
Dating phototrophic microbial lineages with reticulate gene histories
Authors: Magnabosco C. , Moore K. R. , Wolfe J. M. , Fournier G. P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPhototrophic bacteria are among the most biogeochemically significant organisms on Earth and are physiologically related through the use of reaction centers to collect photons for energy metabolism. However, the major phototrophic lineages are not closely related to one another in bacterial phylogeny, and the origins of their respective photosynthetic machinery remain obscured by time and low sequence similarity. To better understand the co‐evolution of Cyanobacteria and other ancient anoxygenic phototrophic lineages with respect to geologic time, we designed and implemented a variety of molecular clocks that use horizontal gene transfer (HGT) as additional, relative constraints. These HGT constraints improve the precision of phototroph divergence date estimates and indicate that stem green non‐sulfur bacteria are likely the oldest phototrophic lineage. Concurrently, crown Cyanobacteria age estimates ranged from 2.2 Ga to 2.7 Ga, with stem Cyanobacteria diverging ~2.8 Ga. These estimates provide a several hundred Ma window for oxygenic photosynthesis to evolve prior to the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) ~2.3 Ga. In all models, crown green sulfur bacteria diversify after the loss of the banded iron formations from the sedimentary record (~1.8 Ga) and may indicate the expansion of the lineage into a new ecological niche following the GOE. Our date estimates also provide a timeline to investigate the temporal feasibility of different photosystem HGT events between phototrophic lineages. Using this approach, we infer that stem Cyanobacteria are unlikely to be the recipient of an HGT of photosystem I proteins from green sulfur bacteria but could still have been either the HGT donor or the recipient of photosystem II proteins with green non‐sulfur bacteria, prior to the GOE. Together, these results indicate that HGT‐constrained molecular clocks are useful tools for the evaluation of various geological and evolutionary hypotheses, using the evolutionary histories of both genes and organismal lineages.
The effect of adjusting the pH of local anaesthetics in dentistry: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Aulestia‐Viera P. V. , Braga M. M. , Borsatti M. A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe acidic nature of commercial local anaesthetics (LAs) can cause pain during infiltration and delay the onset of anaesthesia. It is suggested that adjusting the pH of anaesthetic agents could minimize these effects. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of buffered LAs in reducing infiltration pain and onset time during dental procedures. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Scielo databases were searched up to April 2017. Randomized controlled trials comparing buffered and unbuffered LAs for intraoral injections were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Data upon injection pain and onset time were pooled in a random‐effects model. Subgroup analyses compared normal and inflamed tissues, and terminal infiltrations and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) blocks. Meta‐regressions were performed to explain heterogeneity. Fourteen articles were included in this review. Lidocaine with epinephrine was the most used anaesthetic combination. Nonlidocaine studies (n = 2) were not pooled in the meta‐analysis. Buffered lidocaine did not result in less pain during intraoral injections: mean difference −6.4 (95% CI −12.81 to 0.01) units in a 0–100 scale. Alkalinized lidocaine did not reduce the onset time in normal tissues when terminal infiltration techniques were used, but resulted in a more rapid onset for IAN blocks (−1.26 min) and in inflamed tissues (−1.37 min); however, this change may not be clinically relevant, considering the time required to prepare the buffered agent. Studies performed using other anaesthetic salts did not show robust and clinically significant results in favour of alkalinization.
Microwave irradiation enhances the in vitro antifungal activity of citrus by‐product aqueous extracts against Alternaria alternata
Authors: Papoutsis Konstantinos , Vuong Quan V. , Tesoriero Len , Pristijono Penta , Stathopoulos Costas E. , Gkountina Stela , Lidbetter Fiona , Bowyer Michael C. , Scarlett Christopher J. , Golding John B. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe effect of two lemon by‐product aqueous extracts at different concentrations (14, 7, 3.5 and 1 mg mL−1) was tested against the in vitro growth of Alternaria alternata. Prior to extraction, one batch of by‐product was dehydrated by freeze‐drying (untreated by‐product), while the other batch was treated by microwave irradiation in conjunction with freeze‐drying (microwave‐treated by‐product). High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed for the identification of individual phenolic compounds with potent antifungal activities. Both lemon by‐product aqueous extracts inhibited the mycelial growth and suppressed the spore germination of the fungus in a concentration‐dependent manner. In general, the extracts obtained from the microwave‐treated lemon by‐product displayed enhanced antifungal activity than those obtained from the untreated one. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that both lemon by‐product extracts affected the hyphal morphology of the fungus. The antifungal activity of the extracts was attributed to their phenolic acid and ascorbic acid contents.