bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of allergens and irritants on levels of natural moisturizing factor and corneocyte morphology
Authors: Koppes Sjors A. , Ljubojević Hadžavdić Suzana , Jakasa Ivone , Franceschi Nika , Riethmüller Christoph , Jurakić Tončic Ružica , Marinovic Branka , Raj Nidhin , Rawlings Anthony V. , Voegeli Rainer , Lane Majella E. , Haftek Marek , Frings‐Dresen Monique H.W. , Rustemeyer Thomas , Kezic Sanja 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe irritant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is known to cause a decrease in the stratum corneum level of natural moisturizing factor (NMF), which in itself is associated with changes in corneocyte surface topography.ObjectiveTo explore this phenomenon in allergic contact dermatitis.MethodsPatch testing was performed on patients with previously positive patch test reactions to potassium dichromate (Cr), nickel sulfate (Ni), methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/methylisothiazolinone (MI), or p‐phenylenediamine. Moreover, a control (pet.) patch and an irritant (SLS) patch were applied. After 3 days, the stratum corneum from tested sites was collected, and NMF levels and corneocyte morphology, expressed as the amount of circular nanosize objects, quantified according to the Dermal Texture Index (DTI), were determined.ResultsAmong allergens, only MCI/MI reduced NMF levels significantly, as did SLS. Furthermore, only MCI/MI caused remarkable changes at the microscopic level; the corneocytes were hexagonal‐shaped with pronounced cell borders and a smoother surface. The DTI was increased after SLS exposure but not after allergen exposure.ConclusionsMCI/MI significantly decreased NMF levels, similarly to SLS. The altered corneocyte morphology suggests that skin barrier damage plays a role in the pathogenesis of MCI/MI contact allergy. The DTI seems to differentiate reactions to SLS from those to the allergens tested, as SLS was the only agent that caused a DTI increase.
Ownership Dilemmas: The Case of Finders Versus Landowners
Authors: DeScioli Peter , Karpoff Rachel , De Freitas Julian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPeople sometimes disagree about who owns which objects, and these ownership dilemmas can lead to costly disputes. We investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying people's judgments about finder versus landowner cases, in which a person finds an object on someone else's land. We test psychological hypotheses motivated directly by three major principles that govern these cases in the law. The results show that people are more likely to favor the finder when the object is in a public space compared to a private space. We find mixed support for the hypothesis that people are less likely to favor a finder who is employed by the landowner. Last, we find no support for the hypothesis that people are more likely to favor finders for objects located above ground compared to below ground. We discuss implications for psychological theories of ownership and potential applications to property law.
Maternal Socioeconomic Status Influences the Range of Expectations During Language Comprehension in Adulthood
Authors: Troyer Melissa , Borovsky Arielle 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn infancy, maternal socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with real‐time language processing skills, but whether or not (and if so, how) this relationship carries into adulthood is unknown. We explored the effects of maternal SES in college‐aged adults on eye‐tracked, spoken sentence comprehension tasks using the visual world paradigm. When sentences ended in highly plausible, expected target nouns (Exp. 1), higher SES was associated with a greater likelihood of considering alternative endings related to the action of the sentence. Moreover, for unexpected sentence endings (Exp. 2), individuals from higher SES backgrounds were sensitive to whether the ending was action‐related (plausible) or unrelated (implausible), showing a benefit for plausible endings. Individuals from lower SES backgrounds did not show this advantage. This suggests maternal SES can influence the dynamics of sentence processing even in adulthood, with consequences for processing unexpected content. These findings highlight the importance of early lexical experience for adult language skills.
Oral health related quality of life depending on oral health and specific factors in patients after lung transplantation
Authors: Schmalz Gerhard , Wendorff Horst , Marcinkowski Anna , Weinreich Gerhard , Teschler Helmut , Haak Rainer , Sommerwerck Urte , Ziebolz Dirk 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionPatients after lung transplantation (LuTx) were found to present oral health deficiencies. The investigation of potentially underlying or influencing factors appears to be of clinical relevance.ObjectivesAim of this study was to evaluate the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a group of patients after LuTx and compare this to a healthy control group (HC). Furthermore, the influence of dental and periodontal condition, as well as specific factors like immunosuppression, time after LuTx and causal underlying disease should be investigated.MethodsThe OHRQoL was assessed using the German short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP G14). Dental examination included the decayed (D‐), missing (M‐), and filled (F‐) teeth index (DMF‐T). Periodontal condition was classified based on clinical attachment loss and/or pocket depth as no/mild or moderate/severe periodontitis. Statistical analysis: Mann‐Whitney‐U‐test, Kruskal‐Wallis test (P < .05).ResultsA total of 60 patients after LuTx and 70 HC were included. The DMF‐T, D‐T, and M‐T as well as periodontal disease severity was significantly higher in LuTx group (P < .01). The OHIP G14 differed neither clinically relevant, nor statistically significant (LuTx: 1.70 ± 2.70, HC: 1.54 ± 2.86, P = .15). While in HC the DMF‐T, M‐T, and periodontal condition had an influence on OHIP G14 values (P < .05), in LuTx no influence was detected for dental and periodontal condition as well as specific factors investigated.ConclusionsThe oral health perception of LuTx patients does not reflect the apparent oral health deficiencies. Consequently, sensitization and motivation for an increased dental behavior is needed.
Red cell distribution width and uric acid in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Sunnetcioglu Aysel , Gunbatar Hulya , Yıldız Hanifi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by recurrent partial or complete pharyngeal closure, resulting in apnea or hypopnea, is closely associated with cardiovascular disorders (CVDs). Elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) and serum uric acid (SUA) levels have also been associated with CVDs and the consequent mortality. The aim of this study is to determine SUA levels and RDW in patients with OSA which is major a risk factor for CVDs.MethodsThis was a retrospective study involving 600 subjects evaluated by polysomnography. Patients were grouped according to the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), expressed as control group or as mild OSA, moderate OSA, and severe OSA groups.ResultsThe mean RDW and the mean SUA were significantly higher in the severe OSA group than in all other groups (P < .015 and P < .003, respectively, for all). RDW was negatively correlated with minimum SpO2 (r = −.142, P < .01) and positively correlated with mean oxygen desaturation time (r = .113, P < .05). SUA was negatively correlated with minimum SpO2 (r = −.229, P < .01). The RDW was significantly higher in the OSA patients with CVDs than in those with OSA only (P < .05), although there was no significant difference between the OSA patients with and without CVDs in terms of the SUA in any of the groups (P > .05).ConclusionsElevated levels of SUA and RDW were associated with OSA severity, as defined by AHI. In addition, RDW was significantly higher in severe OSA with CVDs.
Brain natriuretic peptide levels in middle aged subjects with normal left ventricular function in relation to mild–moderate COPD
Authors: Kraen Morten , Frantz Sophia , Nihlén Ulf , Engström Gunnar , Löfdahl Claes‐Göran , Wollmer Per , Dencker Magnus 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundLevels of plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) have been shown to be elevated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) especially in connection with cor pulmonale (CP) and the late stages of the disease. BNP is also raised in left sided heart failure which sometimes coincides with COPD. Whether BNP is elevated in subjects with mild–moderate stable COPD and normal left ventricular function is not clear.ObjectiveTo investigate BNP levels in subjects with mild–moderate COPD and normal left ventricular function.MethodsThis was a cross sectional study of 450 subjects from a population‐based respiratory questionnaire survey. All subjects were examined with echocardiography and spirometry and blood samples were drawn for BNP measurements. Subjects with left sided heart disease (n = 26) or echocardiographic signs of elevated filling pressure (n = 75), COPD stages III and IV (n = 5) or missing data (n = 13) were excluded.ResultsIn the final study population (n = 331) spirometry identified 86 subjects with COPD (GOLD stage I, n = 65 and GOLD stage II, n = 21). In comparison with the rest of the study population subjects with COPD were significantly older, longer and with a male predominance. In a multivariate linear regression analysis with log‐normalized (lnBNP) as the dependent variable a significant correlation was found with age, left atrial volume, body surface area and haemoglobin, but not with any pulmonary variables. Even when comparing groups no significant difference could be found between the plasma levels of lnBNP in normal subjects (1.8 ± 0.7 mean ± SD, pmol/L) subjects and in COPD subjects (1.9 ± 0.7, P = 0.47).ConclusionsIn a population with normal left ventricular function no significant differences in BNP levels between stable mild–moderate COPD subjects and normal individuals could be found.
Alcohol and disadvantaged men: A feasibility trial of an intervention delivered by mobile phone
Authors: Crombie Iain K. , Irvine Linda , Falconer Donald W. , Williams Brian , Ricketts Ian W. , Jones Claire , Humphris Gerry , Norrie John , Slane Peter , Rice Peter 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsDisadvantaged men suffer substantial harm from heavy drinking. This feasibility study developed and evaluated the methods for a trial of a brief intervention delivered by text messages to disadvantaged men. It aimed to test the methods for recruitment and retention, to monitor engagement with the intervention and assess the overall acceptability of study methods.Design and MethodsDisadvantaged men aged 25–44 years who had ≥2 episodes of binge drinking (≥8 units in one session) in the preceding month were recruited. Two recruitment strategies were assessed: recruitment from general practice registers and by a community outreach strategy. Theoretically and empirically based text messages were tailored to the target group.ResultsThe study recruited 67 disadvantaged men at high risk of alcohol‐related harm, exceeding the target of 60. Evaluation showed that 95% of text messages were delivered, and the men engaged enthusiastically with the intervention. Retention at follow up was 96%. Outcomes were successfully measured on all men followed up. This provided data for the sample size calculation for the full trial. Post‐study evaluation showed high levels of satisfaction with the study.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study has shown that disadvantaged men can be recruited and follow‐up data obtained in an alcohol intervention study. The study methods were acceptable to the participants. The men recruited were at high risk of alcohol‐related harms. It also clarified ways in which the recruitment strategy, the baseline questionnaire and the intervention could be improved. The full trial is currently underway. [Crombie IK, Irvine L, Falconer DW, Williams B, Ricketts IW, Jones C, Humphris G, Norrie J, Slane P, Rice P. Alcohol and disadvantaged men: A feasibility trial of an intervention delivered by mobile phone. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:468‐476]
Does alcohol outlet density differ by area‐level disadvantage in metropolitan Perth?
Authors: Foster Sarah , Hooper Paula , Knuiman Matthew , Trapp Georgina , Wood Lisa 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsResearch suggests that there are area‐level disparities in alcohol outlets, with greater density in disadvantaged areas. In part, this might be explained by the inequitable distribution of retail, attracted by lower rents to disadvantaged neighbourhoods. This ecological study examines the distribution of liquor licences in Perth, Australia, and whether discrepancies in the distribution of retail land‐uses could account for a socio‐economic gradient.Design and MethodsArea disadvantage was determined for each Statistical Area 1 (SA1) using the Australian Bureau of Statistics Index of Relative Socio‐economic Disadvantage, and licence locations were mapped in GIS. Negative binomial loglinear models examined whether licence densities within SA1s differed by area disadvantage, controlling for demographics and spatial correlation. Models included an offset term, so the estimated effects of area‐level disadvantage were on licences per km2, or licences per retail destination.ResultsIn the area‐based analyses, for every unit increase in disadvantage decile (i.e. a reduction in relative disadvantage), general licences reduced by 15% (P = 0.000) and liquor stores reduced by 7% (P = 0.004). These gradients were not apparent when licences were examined as a function of retail; however, for every unit increase in disadvantage decile, the density of on‐premise licences per retail destination increased by 14% (P = 0.000).Discussion and ConclusionsThe direction of the socio‐economic gradient for general licences and liquor stores in Perth is concerning, as all licences selling packaged alcohol were more abundant in disadvantaged areas. However, the over‐representation of packaged liquor in disadvantaged areas may relate to the increased provision of retail.
Neuroscientific insights into the development of analogical reasoning
Authors: Whitaker Kirstie J. , Vendetti Michael S. , Wendelken Carter , Bunge Silvia A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAnalogical reasoning, or the ability to find correspondences between entities based on shared relationships, supports knowledge acquisition. As such, the development of this ability during childhood is thought to promote learning. Here, we sought to better understand the mechanisms by which analogical reasoning about semantic relations improves over childhood and adolescence (e.g. chalk is to chalkboard as pen is to…?). We hypothesized that age‐related differences would manifest as differences in the brain regions associated with one or more of the following cognitive functions: (1) controlled semantic retrieval, or the ability to retrieve task‐relevant semantic associations; (2) response control, or the ability to override the tendency to respond to a salient distractor; and/or (3) relational integration, or the ability to consider jointly two mental relations. In order to test these hypotheses, we analyzed patterns of fMRI activation during performance of a pictorial propositional analogy task across 95 typically developing children between the ages of 6 and 18 years old. Despite large age‐related differences in task performance, particularly over ages 6–10 but through to around age 14, participants across the whole age range recruited a common network of frontal, parietal and temporal regions. However, activation in a brain region that has been implicated in controlled semantic retrieval – left anterior prefrontal cortex (BA 47/45) – was positively correlated with age, and also with performance after controlling for age. This finding indicates that improved performance over middle childhood and early adolescence on this analogical reasoning task is driven largely by improvements in the ability to selectively retrieve task‐relevant semantic relationships.
Risk factors and outcome differences in hypoglycaemia‐related hospital admissions: A case‐control study in England
Authors: Zaccardi Francesco , Webb David R. , Davies Melanie J. , Dhalwani Nafeesa N. , Housley Gemma , Shaw Dominic , Hatton James W. , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: March 2017

AimsTo evaluate risk factors for hospital admissions for hypoglycaemia and compare length of hospitalization, inpatient mortality and hospital readmission between hypoglycaemia‐ and non‐hypoglycaemia‐related admissions.Materials and methodsWe used all admissions for hypoglycaemia in individuals with diabetes to English NHS hospital trusts between 2005 and 2014 (101 475 case admissions) and 3 random admissions per case in individuals with diabetes without hypoglycaemia (304 425 control admissions). Risk factors and differences in the 3 outcomes were estimated with logistic and negative binomial regressions.ResultsA U‐shaped relationship between age and risk of admission for hypoglycaemia was observed until the age of 85 years; compared to the nadir at 60 years, the risk was progressively higher in younger and older patients and steadily declined after 85 years. Social deprivation (positively) and comorbidities (negatively) were associated with the risk of admission for hypoglycaemia. Compared to Caucasians, other ethnic groups had lower (Bangladeshi, Pakistani, Indians) or higher (Caribbean) risk of admission for hypoglycaemia. Length of hospitalization was 26% shorter while risk of rehospitalization was 65% higher in individuals admitted for hypoglycaemia. Compared to admissions for hypoglycaemia, risk of inpatient mortality was 50% lower for unstable angina but higher for acute myocardial infarction (3 times), acute renal failure (5 times) or pneumonia (8 times).ConclusionsAmong hospital‐admitted individuals with diabetes, age, social deprivation, comorbidities and ethnicity are associated with higher frequency of hospitalization for hypoglycaemia. Admission for hypoglycaemia is associated with a greater risk of readmission, a shorter length of hospitalisation and a generally lower inpatient mortality compared to admissions for other medical conditions. These results could help in identifying at‐risk groups to reduce the burden of hospitalization for hypoglycaemia.
Testing systemic fungicides for control of Phytophthora oak root disease
Authors: González M. , Caetano P. , Sánchez M. E. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryPotassium phosphite (PP) formulations registered as fertilizers are now prohibited in Spain. Therefore, we evaluated the systemic fungicide fosetyl‐aluminium (fos‐al) in comparison with PP, against root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi in Quercus woodlands. The direct effect of both systemic fungicides was evaluated in vitro on P. cinnamomi mycelial growth. Protection of cork and holm oak against infection was also evaluated in planta. Metalaxyl was included in both in vitro and in planta experiments for comparison purposes. At 100 μg/mL, PP totally inhibited colony radial growth, in comparison with 75% achieved by fos‐al. At doses recommended by manufacturers, with fos‐al and metalaxyl applications, root symptoms remained similar to the uninfected control levels. Based on these results, fos‐al is a candidate substitute product for PP in Quercus woodlands for control of Phytophthora oak root disease.
Heidegger, Art, and the Overcoming of Metaphysics
Authors: Dill Matt 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this paper, I advance a new interpretation of Heidegger's reflections on art as we find them in his essay, ‘The Origin of the Work of Art’. I begin, in Section 1, by uncovering the fundamental concern that motivates Heidegger's essay. I show that Heidegger's reflections on art are part of his attempt to uncover a path beyond the history of metaphysics. I then suggest, in Section 2, that while Heidegger does think that art may allow for the overcoming of metaphysics, recent interpreters [Dreyfus (), Thomson (), and Young ()] have mistook the kind of art that Heidegger has in mind here. The kind of art that can allow for the overcoming of metaphysics, I argue, is not art that simply thematizes and/or reconfigures cultural worlds (as these interpreters have argued). It is instead what Heidegger calls ‘primal poesy’. After discussing the nature of primal poesy, I show in more detail how this kind of art may be capable of getting us beyond the history of metaphysics in Section 3. Finally, in Section 4, I reconsider the more common reading of ‘The Origin of the Work of Art’ in light of the interpretation I've offered in Sections 2 and 3.
Selection by higher‐order effects of salinity and bacteria on early life‐stages of Western Baltic spring‐spawning herring
Authors: Poirier Maude , Listmann Luisa , Roth Olivia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHabitat stratification by abiotic and biotic factors initiates divergence of populations and leads to ecological speciation. In contrast to fully marine waters, the Baltic Sea is stratified by a salinity gradient that strongly affects fish physiology, distribution, diversity and virulence of important marine pathogens. Animals thus face the challenge to simultaneously adapt to the concurrent salinity and cope with the selection imposed by the changing pathogenic virulence. Western Baltic spring‐spawning herring (Clupea harengus) migrate to spawning grounds characterized by different salinities to which herring are supposedly adapted. We hypothesized that herring populations do not only have to cope with different salinity levels but that they are simultaneously exposed to higher‐order effects that accompany the shifts in salinity, that is induced pathogenicity ofVibriobacteria in lower saline waters. To experimentally evaluate this, adults of two populations were caught in their spawning grounds and fully reciprocally crossed within and between populations. Larvae were reared at three salinity levels, representing the spawning ground salinity of each of the two populations, or Atlantic salinity conditions resembling the phylogenetic origin ofClupea harengus. In addition, larvae were exposed to aVibrio spp. infection. Life‐history traits and gene expression analysis served as response variables. Herring seem adapted to Baltic Sea conditions and cope better with low saline waters. However, upon a bacterial infection, herring larvae suffer more when kept at lower salinities implying reduced resistance againstVibrioor higherVibriovirulence. In the context of recent climate change with less saline marine waters in the Baltic Sea, such interactions may constitute key future stressors.
Recent advances in control algorithms for smart structures and machines
Authors: Gutierrez Soto Mariantonieta , Adeli Hojjat 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a state‐of‐the‐art review of recent control algorithms used primarily for vibration control of smart structures and machines. Control algorithms can be divided into open loop, feedback, feedforward, and combined feedback and feedforward control. Solutions proposed can be subdivided into (a) classical control, (b) optimal control, (c) robust control, (d) intelligent control, and (e) self‐sustaining solutions and energy harvesting used in centralized and decentralized configurations. The most recent research on novel autonomous control systems intersects distributed control theory, agent‐based modeling, bioinspired computational learning, and optimization algorithms.