bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the sustainability of recent watershed management programmes in Bangladesh
Authors: Debnath Ripan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWatershed management has evolved during the 1990s in Bangladesh. However, it has not yet achieved much exposure in the country, even though wetlands play a very significant role in its ecology, economy and stakeholder livelihoods. Several watershed management programmes have been initiated in the country with a co‐management and participatory approach, but in a piecemeal basis. Many wetland problems have arisen as a result. This study reviews watershed management programmes and undertakes a sustainability analysis of three recent initiatives, namely MACH, Nishorgo and Tanguar Haor projects, on the basis of the main watershed exchanges. This analysis indicates these projects are/were less environmentally, but more socially and economically, sustainable. Thus, this study suggests first incorporating the unaccounted environmental sustainability indicators. Moreover, the country's future management programme(s) should incorporate stakeholder livelihood improvements and social empowerment via education and training schemes, by ensuring social inclusiveness that makes the management initiatives locally sustainable.
The loss of vernalization requirement in narrow‐leafed lupin is associated with a deletion in the promoter and de‐repressed expression of a Flowering Locus T (FT) homologue
Authors: Nelson Matthew N. , Książkiewicz Michał , Rychel Sandra , Besharat Naghmeh , Taylor Candy M. , Wyrwa Katarzyna , Jost Ricarda , Erskine William , Cowling Wallace A. , Berger Jens D. , Batley Jacqueline , Weller James L. , Naganowska Barbara , Wolko Bogdan 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Adaptation of Lupinus angustifolius (narrow‐leafed lupin) to cropping in southern Australian and northern Europe was transformed by a dominant mutation (Ku) that removed vernalization requirement for flowering. The Ku mutation is now widely used in lupin breeding to confer early flowering and maturity. We report here the identity of the Ku mutation.

We used a range of genetic, genomic and gene expression approaches to determine whether Flowering Locus T (FT) homologues are associated with the Ku locus.

One of four FT homologues present in the narrow‐leafed lupin genome, LanFTc1, perfectly co‐segregated with the Ku locus in a reference mapping population. Expression of LanFTc1 in the ku (late‐flowering) parent was strongly induced by vernalization, in contrast to the Ku (early‐flowering) parent, which showed constitutively high LanFTc1 expression. Co‐segregation of this expression phenotype with the LanFTc1 genotype indicated that the Ku mutation impairs cis‐regulation of LanFTc1. Sequencing of LanFTc1 revealed a 1.4‐kb deletion in the promoter region, which was perfectly predictive of vernalization response in 216 wild and domesticated accessions. Linkage disequilibrium rapidly decayed around LanFTc1, suggesting that this deletion caused the loss of vernalization response.

This is the first time a legume FTc subclade gene has been implicated in the vernalization response.
Preventing childhood obesity in Asia: an overview of intervention programmes
Authors: Uijtdewilligen L. , Waters C. N. , Müller‐Riemenschneider F. , Lim Y. W. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe rapid economic growth in Asia in the past few decades has contributed to the global increase in childhood obesity prevalence. Yet, little is known about obesity prevention efforts in this region. This systematic review provides an overview of child obesity prevention programmes in Asia. Searches were performed in six electronic databases. Out of 4,234 studies, 17 were included, among them 11 controlled trials (of which five were randomized). Only one study was published before 2007. Identified studies were predominantly conducted in China and Thailand and targeted primary school children in a school setting. Most studies implemented different programmes, frequently targeting behavioural modification through nutrition/health education lectures and/or physical activity sessions. Programme effects related to obesity outcome measures were mixed. Most substantial effects were found for outcomes such as improved health knowledge and/or favourable lifestyle practices. The relatively small number of relevant publications in Asia highlights the need for scientific evaluations of existing and future programmes. This will help ensure the implementation and dissemination of evidence‐based approaches that have been proven to be effective in the Asian context. Targeting preschool settings and applying a comprehensive multisectoral approach may increase the effectiveness and sustainability of childhood obesity prevention programmes.
Association of serum lipid indices and statin consumption with periodontal status
Authors: Sayar F , Fallah S , Akhondi N , Jamshidi S 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesPeriodontal and cardiovascular diseases share some common underlying mechanisms. Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study sought to assess the association of hyperlipidemia and statin consumption with periodontal status.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on 150 participants including 50 individuals with normal lipid profile (group C), 50 hyperlipidemic patients without drug therapy (group N), and 50 hyperlipidemic patients on drug therapy for a minimum of 3 months (group S). Periodontal parameters including plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and pocket depth (PD) were measured for all teeth except for the third molars. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), HDL, LDL, and triglycerides (TGs) were measured.ResultsThe mean values of CAL and PD were significantly higher in the two hyperlipidemic groups compared with the C group (P < 0.005). Also, CAL and PD had significant associations with serum levels of TGs, LDL, and TC (P < 0.0001); PI in the group S was significantly lower than that in the other groups (P < 0.005).ConclusionsHyperlipidemic patients showed higher values of periodontal parameters compared with the statin‐treated and control groups. Lower PI in the group S may indicate the anti‐inflammatory effect of statin.
Temperature controls on the basal emission rate of isoprene in a tropical tree Ficus septica: exploring molecular regulatory mechanisms
Authors: Mutanda Ishmael , Inafuku Masashi , Saitoh Seikoh , Iwasaki Hironori , Fukuta Masakazu , Watanabe Keiichi , Oku Hirosuke 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIsoprene emission from plants is very sensitive to environmental temperature both at short‐term and long‐term scales. Our previous study demonstrated suppression of isoprene emission by cold temperatures in a high emitting tropical tree Ficus septica and revealed a strong correlation of emission to isoprene synthase (IspS) protein levels. When challenged with decreasing daily temperatures from 30 to 12 °C, F. septica completely stopped isoprene emission at 12 °C, only to recover on the second day after re‐exposure to 30 °C. Here, we explored this regulation of isoprene emission in response to environmental temperature by a comprehensive analysis of transcriptome data, gene expressions and metabolite pools of the 2‐C‐methyl‐D‐erythritol 4‐phosphate (MEP) pathway. MEP pathway genes and metabolites dynamics did not support substrate‐level limitations as major control over observed basal emission, but transcriptome data, network inferences and putative regulatory elements on IspS promoter suggested transcriptional regulation of IspS gene through circadian rhythm and phytohormone signalling processes. Expression levels of 29 genes involved in these pathways were examined by quantitative real‐time PCR. We propose that temperature controls over basal isoprene emission at a time‐scale of hours to few days are regulated by phytohormone‐mediated transcriptional modulation of IspS gene under synchronization by the circadian clock.
Phylotype and sequevar variability of Ralstonia solanacearum in Brazil, an ancient centre of diversity of the pathogen
Authors: Santiago T. R. , Lopes C. A. , Caetano‐Anollés G. , Mizubuti E. S. G. 
Published: July 2016

The β‐proteobacterium Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt of many plant species. Knowledge of phylotype and sequevar variability in populations of this microorganism is useful for implementing control measures, particularly host resistance. To this end, 301 isolates of R. solanacearum were collected from different geographic regions and hosts in Brazil. Their phylotype and sequevar characterization was used to determine the amount and distribution of phenetic and phylogenetic variability. Isolates were classified into phylotypes I (n = 48), clade 1; and phylotype II, clades 2–5. Phylotype II was divided into subclusters IIA (n = 112) and IIB (n = 141). Phylotype II was widely distributed, whereas phylotype I isolates were found in Central, Northern, and Northeastern regions of Brazil. There were 108 haplotypes identified among endoglucanase (egl) gene sequences from 301 isolates and 32 haplotypes among DNA repair (mutS) gene regions from 176 isolates. The egl and mutS sequence analyses identified eight known (1, 4, 7, 18, 27, 28, 41 and 50) and four new (54, 55, 56 and 57) sequevars. Phylotype IIB showed high diversity in sequevars and host range. Multiplex PCR, using primers specific to the Moko ecotype, characterized banana and long pepper isolates as sequevar 4 and 4/NPB, respectively. This constitutes the first report of the emergent ecotype IIB/4NPB in a new host, long pepper. The majority of sequevars were associated with geographic regions. This high variability of R. solanacearum in Brazil suggests use of host resistance to control bacterial wilt should be mainly focused by region.
What Kind of Theory is the Humean Theory of Motivation?
Authors: Arruda Caroline T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractI consider an underappreciated problem for proponents of the Humean theory of motivation (HTM). Namely, it is unclear whether is it to be understood as a largely psychological or largely metaphysical theory. I show that the psychological interpretation of HTM will need to be modified in order to be a tenable view and, as it will turn out, the modifications required render it virtually philosophically empty. I then argue that the largely metaphysical interpretation is the only a plausible interpretation of HTM's central claim that desires are necessary conditions for motivation. This interpretation also fits better with the important roles that HTM plays in both moral psychological and metaethical debates.
Effects of low‐density lipoproteins as additive on quality parameters and oxidative stress following cryopreservation of mithun (Bos frontalis) spermatozoa
Authors: Perumal P , Srivastava SK , Ghosh SK , Baruah KK , Bag S , Rajoria JS , Kumar K , Rajkhowa C , Pande M , Srivastava N 
Published: July 2016

ContentsArtificial breeding of mithun poses several challenges including lack of standard protocol for cryopreservation of spermatozoa. This is further complicated by harmful effects of hen's egg yolk (EY) as additive in extender. Purified low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) extracted fromEYhave been shown as beneficial overEYextender for long‐term semen storage in several species. This investigation explored use ofLDLversusEYon semen quality and oxidative stress following freezing–thawing of spermatozoa. A total of 25 of 50 ejaculates based on biophysical parameters were selected for the experiment. After diluting with the Tris‐citrate‐glycerol (TCG) extender, each sample was split into three equal aliquots: Group I, control,EY; GroupIIand GroupIIIcontained 8% and 10% purifiedLDL, respectively. Frozen–thawed samples were evaluated for motility parameters (progressive, and in the bovine cervical mucus penetration test [BCMPT]), viability, sperm and nuclear abnormality, acrosome integrity, and enzymatic (leakage of intracellular contents) and biochemical (oxidative stress) profiles and in vitro fertility (IVF) assay. Study revealed a significant (p < .05) improvement in viability, sperm and nuclear abnormality, acrosome integrity, motility (progressive and in cervical mucus), cholesterol content, and reduction in the leakage of intracellular enzymes in GroupII. Moreover, intactness of acrosome and biochemical membranes was protected significantly (p < .05) in addition to significant (p < .05) improvement in binding per cent and binding index inIVFassay in extender containing 8%LDL. These results demonstrate that although cryopreservation of mithun's spermatozoa inEYwas comparable with other species, addition of 8%LDLholds a clear advantage overEYor 10%LDL.
Retracted: Reliable collection of Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius) sperm using a catheter
Authors: Aramli MS , Golshahi K , Banan A , Sotoudeh E 
Published: July 2016

ContentsThe traditional stripping procedure for collecting fish semen is associated with the risk of urine contamination, which may significantly affect semen quality and quantity. The use of a catheter as an alternative method for semen collection may overcome this problem. Therefore, this study compared Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius) semen parameters (i.e. sperm density, seminal plasma osmolality, motility parameters of spermatozoa analysed using computer‐assisted sperm analysis and fertility) between the traditional stripping method and the use of a catheter. All parameter values of the semen collected with a catheter were significantly higher (p < .05; density = 7.67 ± 1.02 × 109 ml−1 and osmolality = 279.28 ± 32.84 mOsm kg−1) than those collected with stripping method (density = 4.85 ± 0.47 × 109 ml−1 and osmolality = 216.42 ± 20.75 mOsm kg−1). Semen collected with a catheter was characterized by higher spermatozoa motility compared with sperm collected via stripping. Similarly, the fertilization ability of sperm collected with a catheter was significantly greater (p < .05) than sperm collected with the traditional stripping method. In conclusion, collection of sperm with a catheter was shown to effectively reduce urine contamination and is therefore recommended for the collection of Caspian brown trout sperm.
Comparisons of sleep apnoea rate and outcomes among patients with resistant and non‐resistant hypertension
Authors: Bhandari Simran K. , Shi Jiaxiao , Molnar Miklos Z. , Rasgon Scott A. , Derose Stephen F. , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Calhoun David A. , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar , Jacobsen Steven J. , Sim John J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveWe directly compared sleep apnoea (SA) rates and risk of cardiovascular and mortality outcomes among SA patients with resistant hypertension (RH) and non‐RH within a large diverse hypertension population.MethodsA retrospective cohort study between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2010 among hypertensive adults (age ≥ 18 years) was performed within an integrated health system. Rates of SA in RH and non‐RH were determined. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to calculate OR for SA. Cox proportional hazard modelling was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for cardiovascular and mortality outcomes between SA in RH versus SA in non‐RH adjusting for age, gender, race, BMI, chronic kidney disease and other comorbidities.Results
SA was identified in 33 682 (7.2%) from 470 386 hypertensive individuals. SA in RH accounted for 5806 (9.6%) compared to SA in non‐RH 27 876 individuals (6.8%). Multivariable OR (95% CI) for SA was 1.16 (1.12, 1.19), 3.57 (3.47, 3.66) and 2.20 (2.15, 2.25) for RH versus non‐RH, BMI ≥ 30, and males, respectively. Compared to SA in non‐RH individuals, SA in RH had a multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) of 1.24 (1.13, 1.36), 1.43 (1.28, 1.61), 0.98 (0.85, 1.12) and 1.04 (0.95, 1.14) for ischaemic heart event (IHE), congestive heart failure (CHF), stroke and mortality, respectively.ConclusionWe observed a modest increase in likelihood for SA among RH compared to non‐RH patients. Risks for IHE and CHF were higher for SA in RH compared to SA in non‐RH patients; however, there were no differences in risk for stroke and mortality.
Correlation, Consumption, Confusion, or Constraints: Why Do Poor Children Perform so Poorly?
Authors: Caucutt Elizabeth M. , Lochner Lance , Park Youngmin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEarly developing and persistent gaps in child achievement by family income combined with the importance of adolescent skill levels for schooling and lifetime earnings suggest that a key component of intergenerational mobility is determined before individuals enter school. After documenting important differences in early child investments by family income, we study four leading mechanisms thought to explain these gaps: intergenerational ability correlation, consumption value of investment, information frictions, and credit constraints. We evaluate whether these mechanisms are consistent with other stylized facts related to the marginal returns on investments and the effects of parental income on child investments and skills.
Predicting Banking Crises with Artificial Neural Networks: The Role of Nonlinearity and Heterogeneity
Authors: Ristolainen Kim 
Published: July 2016

AbstractStudies of the early warning systems (EWSs) for banking crises usually rely on linear classifiers, estimated with international datasets. I construct an EWS based on an artificial neural network (ANN) model, and I also account for regional heterogeneity in order to improve the generalization ability of EWS models. All of the banking crises in my test set are then predictable at a 24‐month horizon, using information from earlier crises. For some countries, estimation with a regional dataset significantly improves the predictions. The ANN outperforms the usual logit regression, assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve.
Social Security Income and Health Care Spending: Evidence from the Social Security Notch
Authors: Tsai Yuping 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, I exploit Social Security legislation changes to identify the causal effect of Social Security income on out‐of‐pocket medical expenditures of the elderly. Using the 1986–1994 Consumer Expenditure Survey and an instrumental variables strategy, the empirical results show that health care expenditures are responsive to changes in Social Security income for elderly individuals with less than a high‐school education. The estimated income elasticities are between 1.41 and 3.47, depending on the outcome measures, and are statistically significant at conventional levels. The findings are in contrast to existing studies that find a small income elasticity at the individual/household level.
Simulated animal trampling of a free‐draining stony soil stimulated denitrifier growth and increased nitrous oxide emissions
Authors: Treweek G. , Di H. J. , Cameron K. C. , Podolyan A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWinter forage grazing systems in New Zealand cause compaction of soil by grazing animals, especially when the soil is wet. However, there is little information on the effects of animal trampling on denitrifiers in soil, despite their importance for N2O production. Here, we report a field study of the abundance of the denitrifying genes nirS, nirK, and nosZ and N2O emissions following the application of dairy cow urine in a free‐draining stony soil. Importantly, we found that simulated animal trampling altered some of the denitrifying microbial communities, thus leading to increased N2O emissions. Over the 111 day measurement period, the abundance of nitrite (NO2−)‐reducing nirS gene copy numbers increased significantly by 87% in the trampled soil with urine (P < 0.01) and increased by 40% in the trampled soil without urine (P < 0.05), but the nirS gene abundance did not change significantly in the nontrampled soil. The abundance of NO2− reducing nirK gene copy numbers was not affected by trampling, but increased significantly following urine application. The abundance of N2O‐reducing nosZ clade I and nosZ clade II gene copy numbers increased significantly in the trampled soil, but did not change significantly in the nontrampled soil. N2O emissions from the trampled soil were about twice that from the nontrampled soil without urine (1.20 and 0.62 kg N2O‐N per ha, respectively) and about eight times greater (6.24 kg N2O‐N per ha) than from nontrampled soil (0.80 kg N2O‐N per ha) when urine was applied. These results strongly suggest that animal trampling during winter forage grazing can have a major impact on denitrifying communities in soil, which in turn stimulate greater denitrification with increased N2O emissions.
Early nitrogen‐deprivation responses in Arabidopsis roots reveal distinct differences on transcriptome and (phospho‐) proteome levels between nitrate and ammonium nutrition
Authors: Menz Jochen , Li Zhi , Schulze Waltraud X. , Ludewig Uwe 
Published: July 2016

SummaryPlant roots acquire nitrogen predominantly as ammonium and nitrate, which besides serving as nutrients, also have signaling roles. Re‐addition of nitrate to starved plants rapidly re‐programs the metabolism and gene expression, but the earliest responses to nitrogen deprivation are unknown. Here, the early transcriptional and (phospho)proteomic responses of roots to nitrate or ammonium deprivation were analyzed. The rapid transcriptional repression of known nitrate‐induced genes proceeded the tissueNO3−concentration drop, with the transcription factor genesLBD37/38andHRS1/HHO1among those with earliest significant change. Similar rapid transcriptional repression occurred inloss‐of‐functionmutants of the nitrate response factorNLP7and some transcripts were stabilized by nitrate. In contrast, an early transcriptional response to ammonium deprivation was almost completely absent. However, ammonium deprivation induced a rapid and transient perturbation of the proteome and a differential phosphorylation pattern in proteins involved in adjusting thepHand cation homeostasis, plasma membrane H+,NH4+, K+and water fluxes. Fewer differential phosphorylation patterns in transporters, kinases and other proteins occurred with nitrate deprivation. The deprivation responses were not just opposite to the re‐supply responses, but identifiedNO3−deprivation‐inducedmRNAdecay and signaling candidates potentially reporting the external nitrate status to the cell.
Development and analytic validation of an electron ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (EI‐GC/MS) method for the measurement of 3‐bromotyrosine in canine serum
Authors: Sattasathuchana Panpicha , Berghoff Nora , Grützner Niels , Thengchaisri Naris , Rangachari Venkat R. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Steiner Jörg M. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThe activation of eosinophils causes the release of eosinophil peroxidase and subsequent production of 3‐bromotyrosine (3‐BrY), a stable byproduct. In people, 3‐BrY is used as a biomarker for eosinophil activation. The method for measuring 3‐BrY concentrations in biologic samples from dogs has not previously been described.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to develop and analytically validate an electron ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (EI‐GC/MS) method for the measurement of 3‐BrY in canine serum samples.MethodsPooled canine serum samples were utilized to validate the assay. Serum samples from healthy control dogs (n = 41) were used to evaluate 3‐BrY concentrations and establish a reference interval.ResultsThe analytic validation revealed that the limit of blank and limit of detection were 0.33 and 0.63 μmol/L, respectively. The coefficients of variation for precision and reproducibility for 3‐BrY were < 13.9% and < 11.0%, respectively. The means ± SD of observed‐to‐expected ratios for linearity and accuracy were 109.6 ± 17.2% and 98.7 ± 11.3%, respectively. The reference interval was determined as ≤ 1.12 μmol/L (median [range]: ≤ 0.63 μmol/L [≤ 0.63–1.13]).ConclusionsThe EI‐GC/MS assay described here for the measurement of 3‐BrY in canine serum samples was precise, reproducible, linear, and accurate. Further studies are underway to determine the diagnostic utilities in canine patients with eosinophilic diseases.