bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative: Overview and Methods
Authors: Thornton Laura M , Munn-Chernoff Melissa A , Baker Jessica H , Juréus Anders , Parker Richard , Henders Anjali K , Larsen Janne T , Petersen Liselotte , Watson Hunna J , Yilmaz Zeynep , Kirk Katherine M , Gordon Scott , Leppä Virpi M , Martin Felicity C , Whiteman David C , Olsen Catherine M , Werge Thomas M , Pedersen Nancy L , Kaye Walter , Bergen Andrew W , Halmi Katherine A , Strober Michael , Kaplan Allan S , Woodside D. Blake , Mitchell James , Johnson Craig L , Brandt Harry , Crawford Steven , Horwood L. John , Boden Joseph M , Pearson John F , Duncan Laramie E , Grove Jakob , Mattheisen Manuel , Jordan Jennifer , Kennedy Martin A , Birgegård Andreas , Lichtenstein Paul , Norring Claes , Wade Tracey D , Montgomery Grant W , Martin Nicholas G , Landén Mikael , Mortensen Preben Bo , Sullivan Patrick F , Bulik Cynthia M 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground:Genetic factors contribute to anorexia nervosa (AN); and the first genome-wide significant locus has been identified. We describe methods and procedures for the Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative (ANGI), an international collaboration designed to rapidly recruit 13000 individuals with AN as well as ancestrally matched controls. We present sample characteristics and the utility of an online eating disorder diagnostic questionnaire suitable for large-scale genetic and population research.Methods:ANGI recruited from the United States (US), Australia/New Zealand (ANZ), Sweden (SE), and Denmark (DK). Recruitment was via national registers (SE, DK); treatment centers (US, ANZ, SE, DK); and social and traditional media (US, ANZ, SE). All cases had a lifetime AN diagnosis based on DSM-IV or ICD-10 criteria (excluding amenorrhea). Recruited controls had no lifetime history of disordered eating behaviors. To assess the positive and negative predictive validity of the online eating disorder questionnaire (ED100K-v1), 109 women also completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), Module H.Results:Blood samples and clinical information were collected from 13,364 individuals with lifetime AN and from controls. Online diagnostic phenotyping was effective and efficient; the validity of the questionnaire was acceptable.Conclusions:Our multipronged recruitment approach was highly effective for rapid recruitment and can be used as a model for efforts by other groups. High online presence of individuals with AN rendered the Internet/social media a remarkably effective recruitment tool in some countries. ANGI has substantially augmented Psychiatric Genomics Consortium AN sample collection. ANGI is a registered clinical trial: clinicaltrials.gov NCT01916538; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01916538?cond=Anorexia+Nervosa&draw=1&rank=3.
Speed dependent descending control of innate freezing behavior inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Zacarias Ricardo , Namiki Shigehiro , Card Gwyneth , Vasconcelos Maria Luisa , Moita Marta A. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe most fundamental choice an animal has to make when it detects a predator, or other threats, is whether to freeze, reducing its chances of being noticed, or to flee to safety. Here we show thatDrosophila melanogasterexposed to looming stimuli in a confined arena either froze or fled. The probability of freezing versus fleeing was modulated by the fly’s walking speed at the time of threat, demonstrating that freeze/flee decisions were context dependent. We describe a pair of descending neurons crucially implicated in freezing. Genetic silencing of DNp09 descending neurons disrupted freezing yet did not prevent fleeing. Optogenetic activation of both DNp09 neurons induced running and freezing in a state-dependent manner. Our findings establish walking speed as a key factor in defensive response choices and reveal a pair of descending neurons as a critical component in the circuitry mediating selection and execution of freezing or fleeing behaviors.
Genome-wide post-transcriptional dysregulation by microRNAs in human asthma as revealed by Frac-seq
Authors: Martinez-Nunez Rocio T. , Rupani Hitasha , Platé Manuela , Niranjan Mahesan , Chambers Rachel C. , Howarth Peter H. , Sanchez-Elsner Tilman 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTMicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that inhibit gene expression post-transcriptionally, implicated in virtually all biological processes. Although the effect of individual microRNAs is generally studied, the genome-wide role of multiple microRNAs is less investigated. We assessed paired genome-wide expression of microRNAs with total (cytoplasmic) and translational (polyribosome-bound) mRNA levels employing Frac-seq in human primary bronchoepithelium from healthy controls and severe asthmatics. Severe asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by poor response to therapy. We found genes (=all isoforms of a gene) and mRNA isoforms differentially expressed in asthma, with novel inflammatory and structural mechanisms disclosed solely by polyribosome-bound mRNAs. Gene expression (=all isoforms of a gene) and mRNA expression analysis revealed different molecular candidates and biological pathways, with differentially expressed polyribosome-bound and total mRNAs also showing little overlap. We reveal a hub of six dysregulated microRNAs accounting for ∼90% of all microRNA targeting, displaying preference for polyribosome-bound mRNAs. Transfection of this hub in healthy cells mimicked asthma characteristics. Our work demonstrates extensive post-transcriptional gene dysregulation in asthma, where microRNAs play a central role, illustrating the feasibility and importance of assessing post-transcriptional gene expression when investigating human disease.
Pharmacological manipulation of olfactory bulb granule cell excitability modulates beta oscillations: Testing a model
Authors: Osinski Boleslaw L. , Kim Alex , Xiao Wenxi , Mehta Nisarg , Kay Leslie M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe mammalian olfactory bulb (OB) generates gamma (40 – 100 Hz) and beta (15 – 30 Hz) oscillations of the local field potential (LFP). Gamma oscillations arise at the peak of inhalation supported by dendrodendritic interactions between glutamatergic mitral cells (MCs) and GABAergic granule cells (GCs). Beta oscillations occur in response to odorants in learning or odor sensitization paradigms, but their generation mechanism and function are still poorly understood. When centrifugal inputs to the OB are blocked, beta oscillations disappear, but gamma oscillations persist. Centrifugal input targets primarily GABAergic interneurons in the GC layer (GCL) and regulates GC excitability, which suggests a causal link between beta oscillations and GC excitability. Previous modeling work from our laboratory predicted that convergence of excitatory/inhibitory inputs onto MCs and centrifugal inputs onto GCs can increase GC excitability sufficiently to drive beta oscillations primarily through voltage dependent calcium channel (VDCC) mediated GABA release, independently of NMDA channels. We test this model by examining the influence of NMDA and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on GC excitability and beta oscillations. Intrabulbar scopolamine (muscarinic antagonist) infusion decreased or completely suppressed odor-evoked beta in response to a strong stimulus, but increased beta power in response to a weak stimulus, as predicted by our model. Piriform cortex (PC) beta power was unchanged. Oxotremorine (muscarinic agonist) tended to suppress all oscillations, probably from over-inhibition. APV, an NMDA receptor antagonist, suppressed gamma oscillations selectively (in OB and PC), lending support to the model’s prediction that beta oscillations can be supported by VDCC mediated currents.New and Noteworthy:Olfactory bulb beta oscillations rely on granule cell excitability.Reducing granule cell excitability with scopolamine reduces high volatilityinduced beta power but increases low volatility-induced beta power.Piriform cortex beta oscillations maintain power when olfactory bulb beta power is low, and the system maintains beta band coherence.
The tortoise and the hare: interactions between reinforcement learning and working memory
Authors: Collins Anne G.E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLearning to make rewarding choices in response to stimuli depends on a slow but steady process, reinforcement learning, and a fast and flexible, but capacity limited process, working memory. Using both systems in parallel, with their contributions weighted based on performance, should allow us to leverage the best of each system: rapid early learning, supplemented by long term robust acquisition. However, this assumes that using one process does not interfere with the other. We use computational modeling to investigate the interactions between the two processes in a behavioral experiment, and show that working memory interferes with reinforcement learning. Previous research showed that neural representations of reward prediction errors, a key marker of reinforcement learning, were blunted when working memory was used for learning. We thus predicted that arbitrating in favor of working memory to learn faster in simple problems would weaken the reinforcement learning process. We tested this by measuring performance in a delayed testing phase where the use of working memory was impossible, and thus subject choices depended on reinforcement learning. Counter-intuitively, but confirming our predictions, we observed that associations learned most easily were retained worse than associations learned slower: using working memory to learn quickly came at the cost of long-term retention. Computational modeling confirmed that this could only be accounted for by working memory interference in reinforcement learning computations. These results further our understanding of how multiple systems contribute in parallel to human learning, and may have important applications for education and computational psychiatry.
A methodology for unsupervised clustering using iterative pruning to capture fine-scale structure
Authors: Chaichoompu Kridsadakorn , Yazew Fentaw Abegaz , Tongsima Sissades , Shaw Philip James , Sakuntabhai Anavaj , Cavadas Bruno , Pereira Luísa , Van Steen Kristel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSNP-based information is used in several existing clustering methods to detect shared genetic ancestry or to identify population substructure. Here, we present a methodology for unsupervised clustering using iterative pruning to capture fine-scale structure called IPCAPS. Our method supports ordinal data which can be applied directly to SNP data to identify fine-scale population structure. We compare our method to existing tools for detecting fine-scale structure via simulations. The simulated data do not take into account haplotype information, therefore all markers are independent. Although haplotypes may be more informative than SNPs, especially in fine-scale detection analyses, the haplotype inference process often remains too computationally intensive. Therefore, our strategy has been to restrict attention to SNPs and to investigate the scale of the structure we are able to detect with them. We show that the experimental results in simulated data can be highly accurate and an improvement to existing tools. We are convinced that our method has a potential to detect fine-scale structure.
SLAM-ITseq: Sequencing cell type-specific transcriptomes without cell sorting
Authors: Matsushima Wayo , Herzog Veronika A , Neumann Tobias , Gapp Katharina , Zuber Johannes , Ameres Stefan L , Miska Eric A 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCell type-specific transcriptome analysis is an essential tool in understanding biological processes but can be challenging due to the limits of microdissection or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Here, we report a novel in vivo sequencing method, which captures the transcriptome of a specific type of cells in a tissue without prior cellular or molecular sorting. SLAM-ITseq provides an accurate snapshot of the transcriptional state in vivo.
Stability, affinity and chromatic variants of the glutamate sensor iGluSnFR
Authors: Marvin Jonathan S. , Scholl Benjamin , Wilson Daniel E. , Podgorski Kaspar , Kazemipour Abbas , Müeller Johannes Alexander , Schoch-McGovern Susanne , Urra Quiroz Francisco José , Rebola Nelson , Bao Huan , Little Justin P. , Tkachuk Ariana N. , Hantman Adam W. , Wang Samuel S.-H. , Chapman Edwin R. , Dietrich Dirk , DiGregorio David A. , Fitzpatrick David , Looger Loren L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSingle-wavelength fluorescent reporters allow visualization of specific neurotransmitters with high spatial and temporal resolution. We report variants of the glutamate sensor iGluSnFR that are functionally brighter; can detect sub-micromolar to millimolar concentrations of glutamate; and have blue, green or yellow emission profiles. These variants allow in vivo imaging where original-iGluSnFR was too dim, reveal glutamate transients at individual spine heads, and permit kilohertz imaging with inexpensive, powerful fiber lasers.
In search of the socially critical in health education
Authors: Wright Jan , O’Flynn Gabrielle , Welch Rosie 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
Health education still tends to be dominated by an approach designed to achieve individual behaviour change through the provision of knowledge to avoid risk. In contrast, a critical inquiry approach educates children and young people to develop their capacity to engage critically with knowledge, through reasoning, problem solving and challenging taken for granted assumptions, including the socially critical approach which investigates the impact of social and economic inequalities on, for example, health status and cultural understandings. The purpose of this paper is to explore the conditions of possibility for a socially critical approach to health education in schools. It examines the ways in which preservice health and physical education (HPE) teachers talked about their experiences of health education during their school-based practicum.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 13 preservice HPE teachers who were about to graduate with a Bachelor of Health and Physical Education from a university in New South Wales, Australia were interviewed for the study. Five group interviews and one individual interview were conducted. The interviews were coded for themes and interpreted drawing on a biopedagogical theoretical framework as a way of understanding the salience of particular forms of knowledge in health education, how these are promoted and with what effects for how living healthily is understood.

Findings
The HPETE students talked with some certainty about the purpose of health education as a means to improve the health of young people – a certainty afforded by a medico-scientific view of health imbued with individualised, risk discourses. This purpose was seen as being achieved through using pedagogies, particularly those involving technology, that produced learning activities that were “engaging” and “relevant” for young people. Largely absent from their talk was evidence that they valued or practiced a socially critical approach to health education.

Practical implications
This paper has practical implications for designing health education teacher programmes that are responsive to expectations that contemporary school health education curricula employ a critical inquiry approach.

Originality/value
This paper addresses an empirical gap in the literature on the conditions of possibility for a socially critical approach to health education. It is proposed that rather than challenging HPE preservice teachers’ desires to improve the lives of young people, teacher educators need to work more explicitly within an educative approach that considers social contexts, health inequalities and the limitations of a behaviour change model.
Market structure in the Vietnamese banking system: a non-structural approach
Authors: Nguyen Thao Ngoc , Stewart Chris , Matousek Roman 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the market structure of Vietnam’s banking sector during 1999-2009, which is after the introduction of the two-tier banking system, using the non-structural (Panzar–Rosse) model.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors consider a more comprehensive range of specifications, in terms of a greater number of environmental covariates and different dependent variables, than in the previous applications of this model. Further, this is the first study that uses lagged input prices (to avoid endogeneity), excludes assets (to avoid specification bias) and includes a lagged dependent variable (to avoid dynamic panel bias) in such a study of the Vietnamese banking system.

Findings
The authors find that the Vietnamese banking system operates in monopoly.

Originality/value
The main contribution of this paper is to determine the market structure in the recent period after the Vietnamese banking system was transformed into a less centralised, two-tier system. This study is the first to uniquely identify the market structure of this developing economy’s banking system (using data only for Vietnam and not observations from other countries) in a post-transition period.
Graphical Illustration of Interaction Effects in Binary Choice Models: A Note
Authors: Franken Jason R.V. , Pennings Joost M.E. , Garcia Philip 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGraphing procedures for evaluating power or interaction terms in binary logit and probit models are illustrated in an application to hog producers’ decisions based on transaction cost economics’ hypothesised positive effect of the interaction of uncertainty and asset specificity on contract use. Results support the hypothesis, particularly for producers that are otherwise on the cusp (near the 50/50 probability) of choosing either contract or spot transactions based on their responses for other variables. Such insights may not be drawn without use of the demonstrated graphing procedures.
Housing Price Dynamics, Mortgage Credit and Reverse Mortgage Demand: Theory and Empirical Evidence
Authors: Chen Kuo‐Shing , Yang J. Jimmy 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article presents some theoretical and empirical approaches for identifying interactions among fundamental economic variables that determine housing prices. Using home equity conversion mortgage (HECM) loan‐level data, this study quantifies the major risks of reverse mortgages and shows that higher housing prices induce higher demand for reverse mortgages among elderly homeowners. Senior citizens rationally hold pessimistic expectations about future housing price appreciation and lock in their home‐equity gains by obtaining reverse mortgages, which in turn led to the substantial HECM growth prior to the financial crisis of 2008. A novel simulation also forecasts HECM loans under various economic scenarios. From a mortgage credit perspective, these findings generate several policy implications for the implementation of “HECM 3.0.”
The Role of the Dynamic Sensory Perception in the Reformulation of Shakes: Use of TDS for Studying the Effect of Milk, Fiber, and Flavor Addition
Authors: Tomadoni Barbara , Fiszman Susana , Moreira María R. , Tarrega Amparo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVarious factors need to be taken into account when reformulating a food or beverage. The food components, not only macronutrients but also minor ingredients such as flavoring agents, could affect the perception of the sensory sensations, importantly their dynamic aspects, as rising and duration, which are not normally considered. The novelty of this approach is the study of the effects of the addition of several ingredients (fiber, extra milk powder, and strawberry flavoring) on the dynamic perception of a food item (strawberry shakes) using the temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) technique. The occurrence and duration of the key sensory sensations (acid, natural strawberry flavor, thick, sweet, candy strawberry flavor, and milk flavor) extracted from the TDS curves were analyzed and linked to the composition factors and liking and expectations of satiety scores. For example, the addition of flavoring increased the liking scores (increments ranging from 0.3 to 1.1) that was linked to the attenuation of acid sensation; and the addition of extra milk powder increased the expectation of satiety scores (increments ranging from 0.5 to 0.7) that was linked to the perception of early thick sensation in the mouth. In general, the more complex sensory profiles the higher liking and expectations of satiety.Practical ApplicationThis work is a case study on how temporal sensory methods can contribute important information on the actual perception of food during consumption. Depending on the ingredients added these sensory properties appear at different times and with different dominance during evaluation affecting liking or fullness expectations. In consequence, the temporal sensory properties should be taken into account when designing or reformulating food.
Effects of Pro‐Oxidants and Antioxidants on the Total Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Oxidation Products of Milk During Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Gutierrez Angelica M. , Boylston Terri D. , Clark Stephanie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOxidized flavor is a major problem that affects the dairy industry because of its adverse effect on milk acceptability. The objectives of this research were to examine the roles of pro‐oxidants and antioxidants on the oxidative stability of whole milk. In the 1st experiment, the effect of light (2300 Lux) and/or cupric sulfate (0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg) as pro‐oxidants in milk were investigated during an 11‐d refrigerated storage period. The effects of added retinyl palmitate (1.16 mg/L; 2113 IU Vitamin A/L) and tocopheryl acetate (100 mg/kg milk fat; 5.02 IU Vitamin E/L) as antioxidants in the presence of light (2300 Lux) and light with cupric sulfate (0.05 mg/kg) during a 7‐d study were investigated in the 2nd experiment. The presence of pro‐oxidants significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and increased the lipid oxidation products in milk during storage. Light had a greater effect in the decrease of TAC, although cupric sulfate in the presence of light significantly increased the formation of lipid oxidation products. The addition of antioxidants resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in TAC on day 0. However, with exposure to light and light with cupric sulfate, the antioxidants did not result in a higher TAC in comparison to the treatments without added antioxidant. Analysis of lipid oxidation products by instrumental and sensory methods showed that the presence of light and cupric sulfate significantly (P < 0.05) increased the oxidized flavor from the control, but no significant (P > 0.05) difference in oxidized flavor intensity was detected between milk with and without added antioxidants.Practical ApplicationProduction and processing variables can affect the content of pro‐oxidants and antioxidants in milk, which has an impact on flavor. An understanding of the role of these components in contributing to or minimizing off‐flavor formation in milk, will help dairy producers to provide quality products to consumers.