bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure, Electronics and Reactivity of Ce(PNP) Complexes
Authors: Zabula Alexander V. , Qiao Yusen , Kosanovich Alex J. , Cheisson Thibault , Manor Brian C. , Carroll Patrick J. , Ozerov Oleg V. , Schelter Eric J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSynthetic methods for the coordination of the monoanionic bis[2‐(diisopropylphosphino)‐4‐methylphenyl]amido (PNP) ligand framework to the cerium(III) cation have been developed and applied for the isolation of a series of {(PNP)Ce} and {(PNP)2Ce} type complexes. The structures of the complexes were studied by X‐ray diffraction and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. We found that the cerium(III) ion can induce the elimination of one of the iPr groups at phosphorus to yield a new dianionic PNP tridentate framework (PNP‐iPr) featuring a phosphido‐donor functionality, which is bound to the cerium ion with the shortest known Ce−P bond of 2.7884(14) Å for molecular compounds. The reaction of the complex [(PNP)Ce{N(SiMe3)2}2] (1) with Ph2CO gave the Ce‐bound product of C−C coupling, ‐N(SiMe3)SiMe2CH2‐CPh2O−, through the C−H bond activation of a SiMe3 group. 31P NMR spectroscopy was used to estimate the presence of a vacant coordination position at the cerium ion in the CeIII–PNP complexes by the examination of the δ(31P) shift recorded both in non‐polar (C6D6) and polar ([D8]THF) solvents. Moreover, 31P NMR spectroscopy was also found to be a useful tool for the estimation of the Ce−P bond distances in {(PNP)CeIII} and {(PNP)2CeIII} systems. Electrochemical and computational studies for 1 and its lanthanum analogue containing a redox‐innocent metal center revealed the stabilization of the CeIII oxidation state by the PNP ligand.
Malodorogenic Sensing of Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Bergmann Marvin , Egert Meike , Plenio Herbert 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA thin film of poly‐([IrCl(cod)(NHC‐onbe)]n‐(propyl‐onbe)m) (onbe=oxanorbornene) coated on filter paper reacts quantitatively with CO to yield 1,5‐cyclooctadiene, the unpleasant smell of which can be detected by the human olfactory system with very high sensitivity. Odorless, but toxic CO is thus “translated” into the distinct smell of 1,5‐cyclooctadiene. Based on malodorogenic sensing it is possible to smell the presence of CO.
Racemic and enantiopure forms of 3‐ethyl‐3‐phenylpyrrolidin‐2‐one adopt very different crystal structures
Authors: Krivoshein Arcadius V. , Lindeman Sergey V. , Timofeeva Tatiana V. , Khrustalev Victor N. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract3‐Ethyl‐3‐phenylpyrrolidin‐2‐one (EPP) is an experimental anticonvulsant based on the newly proposed α‐substituted amide group pharmacophore. These compounds show robust activity in animal models of drug‐resistant epilepsy and are thus promising for clinical development. In order to understand pharmaceutically relevant properties of such compounds, we are conducting an extensive investigation of their structures in the solid state. In this article, we report chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation, determination of absolute configuration of enantiomers, and crystal structures of EPP. Preparative resolution of EPP enantiomers by chiral HPLC was accomplished on the Chiralcel OJ stationary phase in the polar‐organic mode. Using a combination of electronic CD spectroscopy and anomalous dispersion of X‐rays we established that the first‐eluted enantiomer corresponds to (+)‐(R)‐EPP, while the second‐eluted enantiomer corresponds to (−)‐(S)‐EPP. We also demonstrated that, in the crystalline state, enantiopure and racemic forms of this anticonvulsant have considerable differences in their supramolecular organization and patterns of hydrogen bonding. These stereospecific structural differences can be related to the differences in melting points and, correspondingly, solubility and bioavailability.
Logic‐Gate Functions in Chemomechanical Materials
Authors: Schneider Hans‐Jörg 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChemomechanical polymers that change their shape or volume on stimulation by multiple external chemical signals, particularly on the basis of selective molecular recognition, are discussed. Several examples illustrate how such materials, usually in the form of hydrogels, can be used for the design of chemically triggered valves or artificial muscles and applied, for example, in self‐healing materials or drug delivery. The most attractive feature of such materials is that they can combine sensor and actuator within single units, from nano‐ to macrosize. Simultaneous action of a cofactor allows selective response in the sense of AND logic gates by, for example, amino acids and peptides, which without the presence of a second effector do not induce any changes.
Identifying the Crystalline Orientation of Black Phosphorus by Using Optothermal Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Liu Jing , Xu Biao , Wang Ridong , Yuan Pengyu , Han Meng , Xu Shen , Xie Yangsu , Wu Yue , Wang Xinwei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCurrent polarized Raman‐based techniques for identifying the crystalline orientation of black phosphorus suffer significant uncertainty and unreliability because of the complex interference involving excitation laser wavelength, scattering light wavelength, and sample thickness. Herein, for the first time, we present a new method, optothermal Raman spectroscopy (OT‐Raman), for identifying crystalline orientation. With a physical mechanism based on the anisotropic optical absorption of the polarized laser and the resulting heating, the OT‐Raman can identify the crystalline orientation explicitly, regardless of excitation wavelength and sample thickness, by Raman frequency–power differential Φ (=∂ω/∂P). The parameter Φ has the largest (smallest) value when the laser polarization is along the armchair (zigzag) direction. The OT‐Raman technique is robust and is able to identify the crystalline orientation of BP samples with thicknesses up to 300 nm at a minimum and potentially as high as 1200 nm.
Changes in lipids of shrimp (Acetes vulgaris) during salting and fermentation
Authors: Pongsetkul Jaksuma , Benjakul Soottawat , Vongkamjan Kitiya , Sumpavapol Punnanee , Osako Kazufumi 
Published: August 2017

Changes in lipids of shrimp Acetes vulgaris during production of Kapi (salted shrimp paste of Thailand) were investigated. Shrimp had lipid content of 4.21% (dry weight basis). Lipids mainly consisted of triacylglycerol (TAG) 28.03 g/100 g and sterol (ST) 24.03 g/100 g. Lipid content decreased during salting, drying and the first period of fermentation (p < 0.05). Both TAG and ST gradually decreased, while free fatty acid (FFA) increased and became dominant in the final product (49.29%). Phospholipids including phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) 4.80 g/100 g and phosphatidylcholine (PC) 5.67 g/100 g were also found in fresh shrimp and still remained in the final product. Palmitic acid (C16:0) was the major fatty acid in shrimp (27.95%). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (C20:5(n‐3)) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (C22:6(n‐3)) were found at high content (19.03%). When different fractions were isolated from crude lipids, varying fatty acid profiles were obtained. TAG and FFA fractions mainly consisted of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were accumulated in PE and PC fractions. Peroxide value and TBARS value increased during Kapi production, suggesting that lipid oxidation took place. Overall, lipolysis and oxidation of shrimp lipids occurred throughout the processes, thereby affecting lipid constituents. Those changes might partially contribute to the Kapi characteristics, especially flavor.Practical applications: Kapi, salted shrimp paste, is one of the most popular traditional condiments used in Thailand. Over the last decade, shrimp Acetes vulgaris, by‐catch from commercial fishing, has become the alternative raw material for Kapi production instead of krill (Mesopodopsis spp.). During processing, changes in lipids via both lipolysis and lipid oxidation occurred. This work provides the information about lipids from this shrimp species and their changes during Kapi production, which might determine sensory properties, especially odor or flavor, as well as nutritive value of the final product.Lipids of shrimp Acetes vulgaris, alternative source for Kapi production, consisted of TAG and ST as dominant lipids. PUFA was accumulated in PE and PC fractions, while TAG had SFA and MUFA as dominant fatty acids. During making Kapi, both lipolysis and lipid oxidation occurred, as indicated by the increases in FFA content and lipid oxidation products, respectively. These changes could be related with the final Kapi characteristics, and its nutritional value.
Graphite Oxide and Gold Nanoparticles as Alternative Materials in the Design of a Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Determination of Biological Species
Authors: Wong Ademar , Silva Tiago Almeida , Fatibello‐Filho Orlando 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNew aspects related to electrochemical performance of modified carbon paste electrodes (CPE) of high analytical performance are presented in this work. We studied whether the functionalisation of graphite powder with oxygenated functional groups (graphite oxide, GrO) could affect the electrochemical features of a classical CPE. By introducing oxygen termination over the graphite surface, a remarkable improvement in electrochemical performance was verified, including enhancement of analytical signals and charge transfer kinetics, as demonstrated from electrochemical characterisation assays conducted by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy towards the potassium hexa‐cyanoferrate (II/III) probe. In addition, a positive effect was noted from the anchoring of Au nanoparticles on GrOPE. In analytical terms, two biologically relevant molecules were simultaneously determined using the proposed modified electrode based on GrO and AuNPs: epinephrine (EP) and uric acid (UA). Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), wide linear concentration ranges were founded for the analytical curves of EP and UA, and the limits of detection of 1.0×10−7 mol L−1 (EP) and 5.0×10−8 mol L−1 (UA) were predicted, respectively. The designed electrochemical sensor showed excellent precision of measurement and appropriate applicability for the analysis of biological fluids.
Processing and characterization of canine mixed mammary tumor using transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Audrey Beltrán , Alexis Debut , Andrea Vaca , Julio Ortiz , Freddy Proaño‐Pérez 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCanine mammary gland tumors represent the second most frequent type of neoplasm in dogs, being an important problem within veterinary medical field. Canine mixed mammary tumors are the most common; the use of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) can contribute as a tool in its diagnosis by determining the characteristics of cellular components from numerous neoplasms. The aim of this study was to characterize cytologically canine mammary mixed tumor by the use of the TEM. A biopsy collected from an 11 years old bitch Shih‐Tzu and analyzed by histopathology was used for ultrastructural analysis. Specimens obtained were double stained using uranyl acetate and lead citrate prior to observation in the TEM. The protocol established to transmission electron microscopy observation allowed the identification of main cellular characteristics of canine mixed mammary tumors; however, it was not possible a detailed visualization of the organelles due to the preservation of the biopsy in formaldehyde.
Recovery from work‐related effort: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Bennett Andrew A. , Bakker Arnold B. , Field James G. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis meta‐analytic study examines the antecedents and outcomes of four recovery experiences: psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control. Using 299 effect sizes from 54 independent samples (N = 26,592), we extend theory by integrating recovery experiences into the challenge–hindrance framework, creating a more comprehensive understanding of how both after‐work recovery and work characteristics collectively relate to well‐being. The results of meta‐analytic path estimates indicate that challenge demands have stronger negative relationships with psychological detachment, relaxation, and control recovery experiences than hindrance demands, and job resources have positive relationships with relaxation, mastery, and control recovery experiences. Psychological detachment after work has a stronger negative relationship with fatigue than relaxation or control experiences, whereas control experiences after work have a stronger positive relationship with vigor than detachment or relaxation experiences. Additionally, a temporally driven model with recovery experiences as a partial mediator explains up to 62% more variance in outcomes (ΔR2 = .12) beyond work characteristics models, implying that both work characteristics and after‐work recovery play an important role in determining employee well‐being.
Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaf as a waste by‐product of table olive and olive oil industry: a review
Authors: Şahin Selin , Bilgin Mehmet 
Published: August 2017

AbstractResearch into finding new uses for by‐products of table olive and olive oil industry are of great value not only to the economy but also to the environment where olives are grown and to the human health. Since leaves represent around 10% of the total weight of olives arriving at the mill, it is worth obtaining high added‐value compounds from those materials for the preparation of dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, functional food ingredients or cosmeceuticals. In this review article, olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaf is reviewed as being a potential inexpensive, renewable and abundant source of biophenols. The importance of this agricultural and industrial waste is emphasised by means of describing its availability, nutritional and therapeutic effects and studies conducted on this field. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Facial microcirculatory and biomechanical skin properties after single high energy (Er):YAG laser application
Authors: Medved Fabian , Wurm Antonia , Held Manuel 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveOwing to skin aging and the growing demand for skin rejuvenation, minimal invasive aesthetic treatments such as laser procedures are increasingly coming into focus. However, until now, little has been known about the objective effects of these procedures with respect to skin microcirculation or changes in skin elasticity.Study DesignFacial skin rejuvenation was performed on 32 volunteers using ablative Erbium: YAG laser. Skin microcirculation and skin elasticity have then been evaluated objectively.MethodsMicrocirculation (flow, SO2, velocity, and rHB) has been analyzed before and directly after the laser session by using the O2C device. Skin elasticity has been evaluated by using the Cutometer device (Uf, Ua, Ur, and Ue) before and directly after the laser treatment, as well as 1 week and then 1, 3, and 6 months post treatment. Further, the outcome for the volunteers regarding their satisfactory level after laser treatment was evaluated.ResultsTwenty volunteers were available for a complete follow‐up. Microcirculation displayed statistically significant increase in all values to 2 mm depth. The biomechanical skin parameter of firmness of skin displayed statistically significant improvement in superficial skin layer after 6 months.ConclusionConcerning microcirculation and skin elasticity the ablative Erbium: YAG laser treatment revealed similar effects on the skin like a superficial burn injury. In contrast to the determined skin elasticity parameters, firmness of skin objectively revealed a skin tightening effect after 6 months. Along with the important epidermal effect, the suitability of ablative laser treatment for skin rejuvenation has been proved in a long‐term follow‐up. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:891–898, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Educational intervention on medication reviews aiming to reduce acute healthcare consumption in elderly patients with potentially inappropriate medicines—A pragmatic open‐label cluster‐randomized controlled trial in primary care
Authors: Schmidt‐Mende K. , Andersen M. , Wettermark B. , Hasselström J. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTPurposePotentially inappropriate medicines (PIMs) may cause 10% of unplanned admissions in elderly people. We performed an educational intervention in primary care to reduce acute health care consumption and PIMs through the promotion of medication reviews (MRs) in elderly patients.MethodsThis cluster‐randomized controlled trial was conducted in the context of an official campaign promoting rational drug use in elderly people. Sixty‐nine primary health care practices with 119,910 patients aged older than or equal to 65 were randomized, with 1 dropout in the intervention group. The intervention consisted of educational outreach visits with feedback on prescribing and the development of a working procedure on MRs. Follow‐up was 9 months. Outcomes were assessed in an administrative health care database. The combined primary outcome was unplanned hospital admission and/or emergency department visit. Secondary outcomes were among other PIMs and rates of MRs. The risk differences in outcomes between intervention and control group were estimated by using regression models.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 22.8% of patients in the intervention and 22.0% in the control group were admitted unplanned to hospital and/or experienced at least 1 emergency department (nonsignificant risk difference 0.8%, 95% CI −0.7% to 2.4%). There were no significant differences regarding secondary outcomes such as PIMs or MRs.ConclusionsNo changes were seen in acute health care consumption, PIMs, and MRs in elderly patients after an educational intervention in primary care. The reasons for the lack of effect could be a suboptimal intervention, limitations in outcome measures, and the use of administrative data to monitor outcomes.
Risk factors for adverse outcomes in older adults with blunt chest trauma: A systematic review
Authors: Sawa Jake , Green Robert S. , Thoma Brent , Erdogan Mete , Davis Philip J. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe objective of this study was to systematically review the published literature for risk factors associated with adverse outcomes in older adults sustaining blunt chest trauma.MethodsEMBASE and MEDLINE were searched from inception until March 2017 for prognostic factors associated with adverse outcomes in older adults sustaining blunt chest trauma using a pre-specified search strategy. References were independently screened for inclusion by two reviewers. Study quality was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. Where appropriate, descriptive statistics were used to evaluate study characteristics and predictors of adverse outcomes.ResultsThirteen cohort studies representing 79,313 patients satisfied our selection criteria. Overall, 26 prognostic factors were examined across studies and were reported for morbidity (8 studies), length of stay (7 studies), mortality (6 studies), and loss of independence (1 study). No studies examined patient quality of life or emergency department recidivism. Prognostic factors associated with morbidity and mortality included age, number of rib fractures, and injury severity score. Although age and rib fractures were found to be associated with adverse outcomes in more than 3 studies, meta-analysis was not performed due to heterogeneity amongst included studies in how these variables were measured.ConclusionsWhile blunt chest wall trauma in older adults is relatively common, the literature on prognostic factors for adverse outcomes in this patient population remains inadequate due to a paucity of high quality studies and lack of consistent reporting standards.
Le “nettoyage ethnique” en droit international
Authors: OUÉDRAOGO ÉMILE 
Published: August 2017

RésuméLe nettoyage ethnique est désormais une réalité ancrée dans les relations internationales. Confrontée à cette évidence ces dernières années, la communauté internationale tente de le cerner en droit positif. Les multiples efforts visant à affirmer la prohibition de cette pratique et à la sanctionner en droit international conduisent toutefois à emprunter un raccourci qui ajoute à la confusion et sa complexité déjà évidente. Cette contribution critique vise à appréhender la notion en droit en envisageant une approche compréhensible et téléologique qui restitue le véritable objet et le but ultime du nettoyage ethnique. La finalité d’un tel exercice consiste à inciter les internationalistes à ouvrir un autre chapitre de la réflexion sur les crimes internationaux, en œuvrant à donner une véritable connotation juridique autonome à ce phénomène répréhensible que constitue le nettoyage ethnique, pour asseoir fermement sa positivité.
The multifaceted relationship between land and violent conflict: the case of Apaa evictions in Amuru district, northern Uganda
Authors: Kobusingye Doreen Nancy , van Leeuwen Mathijs , van Dijk Han 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper argues that violent conflict prominently impacts on land governance and so contributes to land conflicts in post-conflict settings. In the natural resources literature, the relationship between land and conflict is often explained in terms of environmental security or political ecology, and many have pointed out that the way land is governed in itself may be a source of conflict. However, less attention has been given to the effects of violent conflict on land and its governance in post-conflict situations. This paper argues that violent conflict affects land governance in many ways and that this in turn might contribute to further violent conflict. The argument builds around an extended case study of the Apaa evictions in Amuru District in Northern Uganda. The case illustrates how conflict around land is not just the result of resource scarcity and competition, but is the outcome of a combination of political, historical and social dynamics. Past policies on land and practices of land governance play a critical role in this. However at the same time, violent conflict has a critical impact on land access, transforms land governance authority and the rules applied. The land conflicts resulting from this, in turn, fuel ethnic tensions between local population groups, and grievances about those in power and the institutions that govern natural resources. The ways in which such problematic conflict-induced changes in land access and governance are dealt with by policymakers is critical for post-conflict stability.
The impact of socio-cultural factors on transmission of Taenia spp. and Echinococcus granulosus in Kosovo
Authors: ALISHANI M. , SHERIFI K. , REXHEPI A. , HAMIDI A. , ARMUA-FERNANDEZ M. T. , GRIMM F. , HEGGLIN D. , DEPLAZES P. 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYEchinococcus granulosus sensu latu (s.l.) and Taenia hydatigena are common parasites of ruminant intermediate hosts in the Balkans. Transmission is linked mainly to home slaughtering and the feeding of infected organs to dogs. In Kosovo, many old sheep are slaughtered particularly during Eid al-Adha (Feast of Sacrifice). To determine whether this tradition could affect parasite transmission, we compared the probability of 504 dogs to contract taenid infections after deworming during one period before Eid al-Adha and a similar period beginning with this event. Initially, taeniid eggs were detected in 6·2% (CI 4·2–8·6) of the dogs. The prevalence before Eid al-Adha was significantly lower (1·2%, CI 0·4–2·6) as compared with the prevalence after the event (4·3%, CI 2·6–6·3). A comparable trend was apparent at species level for T. hydatigena and E. granulosus. These results indicate that the pronounced increase of taeniid infections, including E. granulosus s.l., after Eid al-Adha is linked to traditional home slaughtering that occurs during this celebration. This particular epidemiological situation provides an opportunity for implementing focussed control activities.