bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid high‐T decompression recorded by Archean granulites in the northern Wyoming Province: Insights from petrological modelling
Authors: Guevara Victor E. , Caddick Mark J. , Dragovic Besim 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis study places new constraints on the pressure–temperature (P–T) path and duration of high‐temperature (HT) metamorphism recorded by Archean granulite facies metasedimentary rocks from the northern Wyoming Province in the eastern Beartooth Mountains, MT and WY, USA. These rocks exist as m‐ to km‐scale xenoliths within a c. 2.8 Ga calc‐alkaline granitoid batholith. Different interpretations of the timing of HT metamorphism relative to batholith intrusion in previous works have led to ambiguity over the mechanism by which these rocks were heated (i.e. batholith intrusion v. a later, cryptic event). The P–T path recorded by these rocks and the duration of this path may be indicative of the heating mechanism but are not currently well constrained. Here, we combine phase equilibria thermobarometry and diffusion modelling of major element zonation in garnet in order to constrain the P–T path of HT metamorphism and the durations of different parts of this path. It is shown that these rocks record a tight, clockwise P–T path characterized by near‐isobaric heating at ~6.5–7 kbar to ˜770–800°C, HT decompression to ~6 kbar, 780–800°C, followed by limited decompression while cooling. Diffusion modelling of major element zonation in garnet suggests that HT decompression was brief (likely <1 Ma), and that cooling rates following this decompression were on the order of 10–100°C/Ma. Substantial changes in apparent thermal gradient along this P–T path indicate that the rocks record a significant but short‐lived thermal anomaly that occurred in the Wyoming mid‐crust in the Late Archean.
Overexpression and cosuppression of xylem‐related genes in an early xylem differentiation stage‐specific manner by the AtTED4 promoter
Authors: Endo Satoshi , Iwamoto Kuninori , Fukuda Hiroo 
Published: June 2017

SummaryTissue‐specific overexpression of useful genes, which we can design according to their cause‐and‐effect relationships, often gives valuable gain‐of‐function phenotypes. To develop genetic tools in woody biomass engineering, we produced a collection of Arabidopsis lines that possess chimeric genes of a promoter of an early xylem differentiation stage‐specific gene, Arabidopsis Tracheary Element Differentiation‐related 4 (AtTED4) and late xylem development‐associated genes, many of which are uncharacterized. The AtTED4 promoter directed the expected expression of transgenes in developing vascular tissues from young to mature stage. Of T2 lines examined, 42%, 49% and 9% were judged as lines with the nonrepeat type insertion, the simple repeat type insertion and the other repeat type insertion of transgenes. In 174 T3 lines, overexpression lines were confirmed for 37 genes, whereas only cosuppression lines were produced for eight genes. The AtTED4 promoter activity was high enough to overexpress a wide range of genes over wild‐type expression levels, even though the wild‐type expression is much higher than AtTED4 expression for several genes. As a typical example, we investigated phenotypes of pAtTED4::At5g60490 plants, in which both overexpression and cosuppression lines were included. Overexpression but not cosuppression lines showed accelerated xylem development, suggesting the positive role of At5g60490 in xylem development. Taken together, this study provides valuable results about behaviours of various genes expressed under an early xylem‐specific promoter and about usefulness of their lines as genetic tools in woody biomass engineering.
The effect of treatment time, dialysis frequency, and ultrafiltration rate on intradialytic hypotension
Authors: Aronoff George R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDialysis treatment time, the frequency of dialysis treatments, and the rate of fluid ultrafiltration—each impacts the incidence of intradialytic hypotension. These factors influence blood pressure independently and together. The strongest evidence supports that rapid ultrafiltration increases the likelihood of intradialytic hypotension and that combined strategies leading to a reduction in ultrafiltration rate have the greatest impact on reducing intradialytic hypotension. A practical approach to avoiding the effects of ultrafiltration on systemic hemodynamics would be to set a maximum ultrafiltration rate needed to achieve the desired fluid removal and vary the duration of the treatment to achieve that target volume. Randomized, controlled clinical trials of such strategies are warranted.
Treatment strategies for chronic osteomyelitis in low‐ and middle‐income countries: systematic review
Authors: Geurts J. , Hohnen A. , Vranken T. , Moh P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo identify a standard treatment regime or highly successful procedure for chronic osteomyelitis in low‐ and middle‐income countries.MethodsSystematic review following PRISMA guidelines.ResultsThe initial search resulted in 102 studies of which nine met the inclusion criteria and were analysed qualitatively. The included studies involved 1173 patients from Africa and Asia. All patients were diagnosed with chronic osteomyelitis. Surgical and antibiotic treatment regimens differed substantially. No better judgement than moderate risk of selection bias could be made due to the study designs.ConclusionsThe evidence is not sufficiently robust to identify the most effective treatment, or to even allow a recommendation of the best suitable treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in low‐income countries.
Genome Sequence of a Novel HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF77_cpx) Identified among Blood Donors in Malaysia
Authors: Tee Kok Keng , Bon Abdul Hamid , Chow Wei Zhen , Ng Kim Tien , Chan Kok Gan , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Busch Michael P. , Takebe Yutaka 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
We report here the first HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF) complex identified among the blood donors in Malaysia. The CRF77_cpx mosaic genome consists of parental subtypes B′, C, and CRF01_AE and is structurally related to CRF07_BC. The identification of CRF77_cpx underlines the genetic complexity and mobility of HIV-1 among the blood donors.
Draft Genome Sequence of Anoxybacillus ayderensis Strain MT-Cab (
Firmicutes
)
Authors: Thiel Vera , Tank Marcus , Tomsho Lynn P. , Burhans Richard , Gay Scott E. , Hamilton Trinity L. , Schuster Stephan C. , Bryant Donald A. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

The draft genome of the Gram-positive spore-forming
Anoxybacillus ayderensis
strain MT-Cab (
Firmicutes
), isolated from an enrichment culture of
Chloracidobacterium thermophilum
, was sequenced and comprises 2,577,015 bp in 92 contigs. The draft genome is predicted to consist of 2,699 protein-coding genes, 73 tRNA-coding genes, and an estimated 8 rRNA operons.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Janthinobacterium lividum Strains, Isolated from Pristine Groundwater Collected from the Oak Ridge Field Research Center
Authors: Wu Xiaoqin , Deutschbauer Adam M. , Kazakov Alexey E. , Wetmore Kelly M. , Cwick Bryson A. , Walker Robert M. , Novichkov Pavel S. , Arkin Adam P. , Chakraborty Romy 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

We present here the draft genome sequences of two
Janthinobacterium lividum
strains, GW456P and GW458P, isolated from groundwater samples collected from a background site at the Oak Ridge Field Research Center. Production of a purple pigment by these two strains was observed when grown on diluted (1/10) LB agar plates.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus curvatus FLEC03, a Meat-Borne Isolate from Beef Carpaccio Packaged in a Modified Atmosphere
Authors: Terán Lucrecia C. , Coeuret Gwendoline , Raya Raúl , Champomier-Vergès Marie-Christine , Chaillou Stéphane 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

In this study, we present the draft genome sequence for
Lactobacillus curvatus
FLEC03. This strain was isolated from beef carpaccio packaged in a modified atmosphere. The draft genome will contribute to understanding the role of
L. curvatus
strains in food products (fermentation, biopreservation, or spoilage) through comparative genomics with other strains.
The 2015 upper gastrointestinal “Be Clear on Cancer” campaign: its impact on gastroenterology services and malignant and premalignant diagnoses
Authors: Siau Keith , Yew Andrew Chong , Hingley Samantha , Rees James , Trudgill Nigel John , Veitch Andrew M , Fisher Neil C 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of the upper gastrointestinal ‘Be Clear on Cancer’ campaign launched by Public Health England between January and February 2015 on open-access gastroscopy referrals, incidence of target diagnoses (oesophagogastric cancer and Barrett’s oesophagus), cancer staging at presentation, 1-year survival and cost per additional diagnosis.DesignWe performed a retrospective study of patients referred for 2-week-wait (2WW), open-access endoscopy 3 months following the campaign with diagnoses, endoscopic findings, staging and 12-month survival compared with data from corresponding months in 2014.SettingThree adjacent National Health Service trusts in the West Midlands with a combined population of 1.34 million in 2015.Results2WW open-access referrals increased by 48% (95% CI 1.35 to 1.61, p<0.001). The proportion of target diagnoses fell from 6.7% to 6.1% (p=0.62). There were no significant overall increases in target diagnoses (OR 1.35, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.92, p=0.11) or cancer (OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.80 to 2.07, p=0.36). There was no change in tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) staging for oesophageal or gastric cancer. Overall 1-year survival did not alter significantly (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.56 to 2.19, p=0.76).DiscussionThe ‘Be Clear on Cancer’ campaign led to a 48% increase in demand for 2WW gastroscopies but did not significantly affect the incidence of target diagnoses, cancer staging or 1-year survival.
Noninvasive Assessment of Oxygen Extraction Fraction in Chronic Ischemia Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping at 7 Tesla
Authors: Uwano Ikuko , Kudo Kohsuke , Sato Ryota , Ogasawara Kuniaki , Kameda Hiroyuki , Nomura Jun-ichi , Mori Futoshi , Yamashita Fumio , Ito Kenji , Yoshioka Kunihiro , Sasaki Makoto 
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose—
The oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) is an effective metric to evaluate metabolic reserve in chronic ischemia. However, OEF is considered to be accurately measured only when using positron emission tomography (PET). Thus, we investigated whether OEF maps generated by magnetic resonance quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) at 7 Tesla enabled detection of OEF changes when compared with those obtained with PET.

Methods—
Forty-one patients with chronic stenosis/occlusion of the unilateral internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery were examined using 7 Tesla-MRI and PET scanners. QSM images were obtained from 3-dimensional T2*-weighted images, using a multiple dipole-inversion algorithm. OEF maps were generated based on susceptibility differences between venous structures and brain tissues on QSM images. OEF ratios of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery territory against the contralateral side were calculated on the QSM-OEF and PET-OEF images, using an anatomic template.

Results—

The OEF ratio in the middle cerebral artery territory showed significant correlations between QSM-OEF and PET-OEF maps (
r
=0.69;
P
<0.001), especially in patients with a substantial increase in the PET-OEF ratio of 1.09 (
r
=0.79;
P
=0.004), although showing significant systematic biases for the agreements. An increased QSM-OEF ratio of >1.09, as determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis, showed a sensitivity and specificity of 0.82 and 0.86, respectively, for the substantial increase in the PET-OEF ratio. Absolute QSM-OEF values were significantly correlated with PET-OEF values in the patients with increased PET-OEF.

Conclusions—
OEF ratios on QSM-OEF images at 7 Tesla showed a good correlation with those on PET-OEF images in patients with unilateral steno-occlusive internal carotid artery/middle cerebral artery lesions, suggesting that noninvasive OEF measurement by MRI can be a substitute for PET.
Palliative Care Development in Africa: Lessons From Uganda and Kenya
Authors: Fraser Brooke A. , Powell Richard A. , Mwangi-Powell Faith N. , Namisango Eve , Hannon Breffni , Zimmermann Camilla , Rodin Gary 
Published: June 2017

Purpose Despite increased access to palliative care in Africa, there remains substantial unmet need. We examined the impact of approaches to promoting the development of palliative care in two African countries, Uganda and Kenya, and considered how these and other strategies could be applied more broadly. Methods This study reviews published data on development approaches to palliative care in Uganda and Kenya across five domains: education and training, access to opioids, public and professional attitudes, integration into national health systems, and research. These countries were chosen because they are African leaders in palliative care, in which successful approaches to palliative care development have been used. Results Both countries have implemented strategies across all five domains to develop palliative care. In both countries, successes in these endeavors seem to be related to efforts to integrate palliative care into the national health system and educational curricula, the training of health care providers in opioid treatment, and the inclusion of community providers in palliative care planning and implementation. Research in palliative care is the least well-developed domain in both countries. Conclusion A multidimensional approach to development of palliative care across all domains, with concerted action at the policy, provider, and community level, can improve access to palliative care in African countries.
Cancer and Race: What They Tell Us about the Emerging Focus of Health Equity
Authors: Wailoo Keith 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This article examines the history of concepts and frames (such as “equity” or “disparities”) and how these frames have guided public policies and explanations about differences in health across the population. Considering the emblematic case of cancer, which has stimulated long and heated debate over social, economic, and biological causes, the article argues that the vocabularies of health reform are both semantic and also deeply political—framing different reform agendas. The article describes the evolving US debate over the biological, social, or environmental origins of differential cancer mortality along lines of social difference and race, tracing important shifts and reversal over time. Through this analysis, the article explains how and why equity concerns have figured (sometimes implicitly, sometimes explicitly) in health reform discussions, often in tension with other frames. It examines how Americans have used these frameworks to justify different kinds of action and inaction, concluding with a discussion of how these frameworks of “disparities” and “equity” should be understood today in scientific, political, and policy discourse.1
How the ACA Addressed Health Equity and What Repeal Would Mean
Authors: Grogan Colleen M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This commentary reviews the many different ways the Affordable Care Act (ACA) explicitly and implicitly attempted to improve health equity, and then assesses how the Republican proposal to repeal and replace the ACA (the proposed American Health Care Act) would impact efforts to improve health equity. Although the American health care system still had a long way to go to achieve health equity, it may be argued that the ACA was a major step forward in creating new programs and regulations that had the potential to improve health equity. In stark contrast, Trumpcare makes no mention of health equity as a goal and—if passed—would result in an increase in health inequity. It would shamefully represent the first time in modern US history that a major federal health reform bill would actually move us further away from creating more equal access to health care coverage and toward reduced health equity.
ЭКСТРЕМАЛЬНЫЕ СУБКУЛЬТУРЫ: ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
Authors: Shulgin Alexander Sergeevich 
Published: June 2017

Цель. Состоит в теоретическом анализе феномена экстремальности и социализирующей функции экстремальных субкультур в современном обществе.Методы и методология проведения работы. Использованы идеи социокультурного, интеракционистского, феноменологического и социопсихологического подходов.Результаты. Произведена конкретизация проблемы в контексте определения социокультурных оснований экстрима. Определено понятие экстремальной субкультуры в качестве единицы, простейшего системного образования, отвечающего за актуализацию и репрезентацию экстремальности на культурном и социальном уровне.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут использоваться в научной и практической сфере, а также расширить научные знания о социокультурных основаниях и формах проявления экстрима в современном обществе.
Reanimating creolization through pop culture: Yasmin Ahmad’s inter-Asian audio-visual integration
Authors: Bernards Brian 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
As one of the most critically celebrated and analysed Malaysian auteurs, Yasmin Ahmad (1959−2009) addressed the complicated postcolonial politics of Malaysia’s multiculturalism in her six feature films. This article examines the relationship between her cinematic imagination of Malaysian multiculturalism and her frequent inter-Asian pop culture referencing. These references initiate on-screen crosscultural dialogues that upend ethnic, gender and class stereotypes. Aestheticizing experiences of partial intelligibility, Yasmin’s audio-visual integration of multilingualism reanimates historical creolization as unanticipated intimacies suppressed by Malaysia’s postcolonial multiculturalism. Questioning popular interpretations of her characters’ relationships as ‘interracial’, this reanimation of creolization does not celebrate the coalescence of an overarching Malaysian or Asian identity (or cinema), but rather proposes more affectionate modes of re-conceptualizing crosscultural relations and initiating neighbourly dialogue.
A new catalyst for aldol condensation reactions
Authors: Hassan Yusuf , Klein Rosa , Kaye Perry T. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A new manganese complex was synthesised incorporating 1,2-diaminobenzene linked ketopinic acid scaffold, and successfully utilised as catalyst in the aldol condensation reactions of benzaldehyde with various aliphatic ketones to obtain products with excellent yield of >99 %.
Parallel patterns determination in solving cyclic flow shop problem with setups
Authors: Bożejko Wojciech , Chaczko Zenon , Uchroński Mariusz , Wodecki Mieczysław 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The subject of this work is the new idea of blocks for the cyclic flow shop problem with setup times, using multiple patterns with different sizes determined for each machine constituting optimal schedule of cities for the traveling salesman problem (TSP). We propose to take advantage of the Intel Xeon Phi parallel computing environment during so-called ’blocks’ determination basing on patterns, in effect significantly improving the quality of obtained results.
Development and Validation of the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Knowledge about Herbal Preparations (QEK-HP)
Authors: Mirković Snježana , Janković Slobodan , Džudović Jelena , Gužvić Vladimir 
Published: June 2017

Summary
Phytopreparations, in addition to the pharmacological activity and positive effects on health, can lead to side effects, toxic effects, allergic reactions, as well as the interaction of conventional and herbal medicines. Despite this, there is a generally positive attitude that herbal medicines and herbal dietary supplements are safe and harmless to health and are most often used on its own initiative, without consultations with a pharmacist or a doctor. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire for measuring the general knowledge about phytopreparations.
The study was designed as an observational, prospective cross-sectional study, intended for the valiation of the original epidemiological questionnaire to evaluate the knowledge about phytopreparations. The sample consisted of 218 respondents, who were visiting private pharmacies at the territory of Bijeljina, in February and March 2016.
The final version of the questionnaire for the evaluation of knowledge about herbal preparations had good internal consistency (α= 0.849) and homogeneity when randomly splitting the questionnaire into two parts (α=0.731; 0.788). Exploratory factor analysis singled out two factors.
Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the questionnaire was a valid and reliable instrument for the evaluation of general knowledge about safety of use of phytopreparations. This is very important because the evaluation of knowledge could lead to undertaking measures for improving it, which would reduce the potential adverse reactions and interactions of herbal preparations with conventional drugs, and the application would become safe and optimal.
Efficient rendering of caustics with streamed photon mapping
Authors: Guzek K. , Napieralski P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we present the streamed photon mapping method for enhancing the rendering of caustics. In order to achieve a realistic caustic effect, global illumination methods require additional data, which are gathered by creating a caustic map or increasing the number of samples used for rendering. Our method employs a stream of photons with a varying luminance level depending on the material properties of the surface. The application of a concentrated photon stream provides the ability to render caustics effectively without increasing the number of photons in a photon map. Such an approach increases visibility of results, while also allowing for faster computations.
HIV avidity index performance using a modified fourth-generation immunoassay to detect recent HIV infections
Authors: Suligoi Barbara , Regine Vincenza , Raimondo Mariangela , Rodella Anna , Terlenghi Luigina , Caruso Arnaldo , Bagnarelli Patrizia , Capobianchi Maria Rosaria , Zanchetta Nadia , Ghisetti Valeria , Galli Claudio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground:Detecting recent HIV infections is important to evaluate incidence and monitor epidemic trends. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and accuracy of the avidity index (AI) for discriminating for recent HIV infections.Methods:We collected serum samples from HIV-1 positive individuals: A) with known date of infection (midpoint in time between last HIV-negative and first HIV-positive test); B) infected for >1 year. Samples were divided into two aliquots: one diluted with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the other with 1 M guanidine. Both aliquots were assayed by the Architect HIV Ag/Ab Combo 4th generation assay (Abbott). We compared AI found in recent (RI=<6 months from seroconversion) and established (EI) infections. The diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The proportion of samples misclassified as recent (FRR) was calculated.Results:In total, 647 samples were collected: 455 in group A (51.6% RI and 48.4% EI) and 192 in group B. Among these, sixteen samples were from elite controllers, 294 from treated patients, 328 from patients infected with non-B subtypes. Samples before antiretroviral initiation showed a mean AI significantly lower among RI compared to EI (0.66+0.28 vs. 1.00±0.12; p<0.000). The FRR was 0% using a cut-off of ≤0.70. An extremely low FRR was observed among elite controllers, samples with low VL or CD4. HIV subtype had no impact on AI misclassifications. All individuals in group A reached the AI threshold of 0.80 within 24 months after seroconversion.Conclusions:The AI is an accurate serological marker for discriminating recent from established HIV infections and meets WHO requirements for HIV incidence assays.