bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Resolution Adaptability of the Zhang‐McFarlane Cumulus Parameterization With Spatial and Temporal Averaging
Authors: Yun Yuxing , Fan Jiwen , Xiao Heng , Zhang Guang J. , Ghan Steven J. , Xu Kuan‐Man , Ma Po‐Lun , Gustafson William I. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWith increasing computational capabilities, cumulus parameterizations that are adaptable to the smaller grid spacing and temporal interval for high‐resolution climate model simulations are needed. In this study, we propose a method to improve the resolution adaptability of the Zhang‐McFarlane (ZM) scheme, by implementing spatial and temporal averaging to the CAPE tendency. This method allows for a more consistent application of the quasi‐equilibrium (QE) hypothesis at high spatial and temporal resolutions. The resolution adaptability of the original ZM scheme, the scheme with spatial averaging, and the scheme with spatiotemporal averaging at 4–32 km grid spacings are assessed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model by comparing to cloud resolving model (CRM) simulation results coarse‐grained to these same grid spacings. We show the original ZM scheme has poor resolution adaptability, with spatiotemporally averaged subgrid convective transport and convective precipitation increasing significantly as the resolution increases. The spatial averaging method improves the resolution adaptability of the ZM scheme and better conserves total transport and total precipitation. Temporal averaging further improves the resolution adaptability of the scheme. With better constrained (although smoothed) convective transport and precipitation, both the spatial distribution and time series of total precipitation at 4 and 8 km grid spacings are improved with the averaging methods. The results could help develop resolution adaptability for other cumulus parameterizations that are based on the QE assumption.
Advancing Physically‐Based Flow Simulations of Alluvial Systems Through Atmospheric Noble Gases and the Novel 37Ar Tracer Method
Authors: Schilling Oliver S. , Gerber Christoph , Partington Daniel J. , Purtschert Roland , Brennwald Matthias S. , Kipfer Rolf , Hunkeler Daniel , Brunner Philip 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTo provide a sound understanding of the sources, pathways, and residence times of groundwater water in alluvial river‐aquifer systems, a combined multitracer and modeling experiment was carried out in an important alluvial drinking water wellfield in Switzerland. 222Rn, 3H/3He, atmospheric noble gases, and the novel 37Ar‐method were used to quantify residence times and mixing ratios of water from different sources. With a half‐life of 35.1 days, 37Ar allowed to successfully close a critical observational time gap between 222Rn and 3H/3He for residence times of weeks to months. Covering the entire range of residence times of groundwater in alluvial systems revealed that, to quantify the fractions of water from different sources in such systems, atmospheric noble gases and helium isotopes are tracers suited for end‐member mixing analysis. A comparison between the tracer‐based mixing ratios and mixing ratios simulated with a fully‐integrated, physically‐based flow model showed that models, which are only calibrated against hydraulic heads, cannot reliably reproduce mixing ratios or residence times of alluvial river‐aquifer systems. However, the tracer‐based mixing ratios allowed the identification of an appropriate flow model parametrization. Consequently, for alluvial systems, we recommend the combination of multitracer studies that cover all relevant residence times with fully‐coupled, physically‐based flow modeling to better characterize the complex interactions of river‐aquifer systems.
Probable Maximum Precipitation in the U.S. Pacific Northwest in a Changing Climate
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Hossain Faisal , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe safety of large and aging water infrastructures is gaining attention in water management given the accelerated rate of change in landscape, climate, and society. In current engineering practice, such safety is ensured by the design of infrastructure for the Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP). Recently, several numerical modeling approaches have been proposed to modernize the conventional and ad hoc PMP estimation approach. However, the underlying physics have not been fully investigated and thus differing PMP estimates are sometimes obtained without physics‐based interpretations. In this study, we present a hybrid approach that takes advantage of both traditional engineering practice and modern climate science to estimate PMP for current and future climate conditions. The traditional PMP approach is modified and applied to five statistically downscaled CMIP5 model outputs, producing an ensemble of PMP estimates in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) during the historical (1970–2016) and future (2050–2099) time periods. The hybrid approach produced consistent historical PMP estimates as the traditional estimates. PMP in the PNW will increase by 50% ± 30% of the current design PMP by 2099 under the RCP8.5 scenario. Most of the increase is caused by warming, which mainly affects moisture availability through increased sea surface temperature, with minor contributions from changes in storm efficiency in the future. Moist track change tends to reduce the future PMP. Compared with extreme precipitation, PMP exhibits higher internal variability. Thus, long‐time records of high‐quality data in both precipitation and related meteorological fields (temperature, wind fields) are required to reduce uncertainties in the ensemble PMP estimates.
A Binomial Modeling Approach for Upscaling Colloid Transport Under Unfavorable Attachment Conditions: Emergent Prediction of Nonmonotonic Retention Profiles
Authors: Hilpert Markus , Johnson William P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe used a recently developed simple mathematical network model to upscale pore‐scale colloid transport information determined under unfavorable attachment conditions. Classical log‐linear and nonmonotonic retention profiles, both well‐reported under favorable and unfavorable attachment conditions, respectively, emerged from our upscaling. The primary attribute of the network is colloid transfer between bulk pore fluid, the near‐surface fluid domain (NSFD), and attachment (treated as irreversible). The network model accounts for colloid transfer to the NSFD of downgradient grains and for reentrainment to bulk pore fluid via diffusion or via expulsion at rear flow stagnation zones (RFSZs). The model describes colloid transport by a sequence of random trials in a one‐dimensional (1‐D) network of Happel cells, which contain a grain and a pore. Using combinatorial analysis that capitalizes on the binomial coefficient, we derived from the pore‐scale information the theoretical residence time distribution of colloids in the network. The transition from log‐linear to nonmonotonic retention profiles occurs when the conditions underlying classical filtration theory are not fulfilled, i.e., when an NSFD colloid population is maintained. Then, nonmonotonic retention profiles result potentially both for attached and NSFD colloids. The concentration maxima shift downgradient depending on specific parameter choice. The concentration maxima were also shown to shift downgradient temporally (with continued elution) under conditions where attachment is negligible, explaining experimentally observed downgradient transport of retained concentration maxima of adhesion‐deficient bacteria. For the case of zero reentrainment, we develop closed‐form, analytical expressions for the shape, and the maximum of the colloid retention profile.
BAM: Bayesian AMHG‐Manning Inference of Discharge Using Remotely Sensed Stream Width, Slope, and Height
Authors: Hagemann M. W. , Gleason C. J. , Durand M. T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe forthcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) NASA satellite mission will measure water surface width, height, and slope of major rivers worldwide. The resulting data could provide an unprecedented account of river discharge at continental scales, but reliable methods need to be identified prior to launch. Here we present a novel algorithm for discharge estimation from only remotely sensed stream width, slope, and height at multiple locations along a mass‐conserved river segment. The algorithm, termed the Bayesian AMHG‐Manning (BAM) algorithm, implements a Bayesian formulation of streamflow uncertainty using a combination of Manning's equation and at‐many‐stations hydraulic geometry (AMHG). Bayesian methods provide a statistically defensible approach to generating discharge estimates in a physically underconstrained system but rely on prior distributions that quantify the a priori uncertainty of unknown quantities including discharge and hydraulic equation parameters. These were obtained from literature‐reported values and from a USGS data set of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements at USGS stream gauges. A data set of simulated widths, slopes, and heights from 19 rivers was used to evaluate the algorithms using a set of performance metrics. Results across the 19 rivers indicate an improvement in performance of BAM over previously tested methods and highlight a path forward in solving discharge estimation using solely satellite remote sensing.
Cell Wall Structure, Biosynthesis and Assembly
Authors: Liepman Aaron H. , Cavalier David M. , Lerouxel Olivier , Keegstra Kenneth 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionPrimary Cell Walls: Composition and BiosynthesisCell Wall ArchitecturePrimary Cell Wall Expansion and RegulationConcluding RemarksAcknowledgements
Vascular Cell Differentiation
Authors: Kuriyama Hideo , Fukuda Hiroo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areTracheary Element (TE) Differentiation as a Model of Cell–Cell ConnectionEarly Processes Induced by Cell SeparationFactors that RegulateTECell DifferentiationEffects of Tissue Organization on Cell DifferentiationCell Wall Components Characteristic ofTEand/or Vascular CellsThe Degradation ofTEPrimary Cell Walls and Pore FormationCo‐Regulation of Cell Wall Degradation andPCDConclusion
Cell Separation in Roots
Authors: Wen Fushi , Laskowski Marta , Hawes Martha 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroduction: Cell Wall Solubilization by Microbial Enzymes: A Framework for Understanding Cell Wall Solubilization by Plant EnzymesCell Wall Solubilization in Plants: Border Cell Separation in Legumes as a ModelOther Mechanisms of Cap TurnoverCortical Cell Sloughing and Lateral Root EmergenceAerenchyma
Mitotic Senescence in Plants
Authors: Gan Susheng 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Terminology and Types of Senescence

Plants Exhibit Mitotic Senescence, Postmitotic Senescence and Cell Quiescence

Mitotic Senescence: Arrest of
SAM

Role of Telomere and Telomerase in Mitotic Senescence

Closing Remarks

Acknowledgment
Chlorophyll Catabolism and Leaf Coloration
Authors: Hörtensteiner Stefan , Lee David W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionChlorophyll CatabolitesThe Chlorophyll Degradation PathwayChlorophyll Catabolic MutantsSignificance of Chlorophyll BreakdownThe Pigments of Senescing LeavesThe Function of Anthocyanins in Leaf SenescenceConclusions and Perspectives
Developmental and Hormonal Control of Leaf Senescence
Authors: Schippers Jos H.M. , Jing Hai‐Chun , Hille Jacques , Dijkwel Paul P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionDevelopmental Senescence: A Plant Genome is Optimised for Early Survival and ReproductionDevelopmental Processes that Regulate Leaf SenescenceHormonal Control of Leaf SenescenceInvolvement of Genome Programmes in the Regulation of Senescence‐Associated GenesIntegrating Hormonal Action into Developmental SenescenceOutlook and Perspectives
Links Between Contexts and Middle to Late Childhood Social‐Emotional Development
Authors: Duong Jeffrey , Bradshaw Catherine P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGuided by the social‐emotional learning (SEL) framework, we studied developmental trajectory patterns of five key competency outcomes spanning middle through late childhood: altruism, empathy, self‐efficacy, aggression, and hyperactivity. We then assessed their links to middle childhood home, parental, and community contexts. Data from the Institute of Education Sciences’ Social and Character Development Program, which comprised nearly 2,400 elementary school students who were followed from Grades 3 through 5, were analyzed using growth mixture modeling. Three trajectory groups emerged for each outcome, which were linked to childhood contexts. Positive parenting was associated with a lower likelihood of following a negative empathy trajectory among children. Neighborhood intergenerational closure promoted a stable self‐efficacy trajectory. Residing in a high‐risk community was linked to increasing normative beliefs about aggression. These findings suggest an important role of contexts in influencing childhood social‐emotional development in the later elementary school years.
Outcomes after complete endoscopic sinus surgery and aspirin desensitization in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Adappa Nithin D. , Ranasinghe Viran J. , Trope Michal , Brooks Steven G. , Glicksman Jordan T. , Parasher Arjun K. , Palmer James N. , Bosso John V. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundIn this study we assessed patient outcomes after complete endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and aspirin desensitization for patients with aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD).MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted for patients with aspirin challenge–proven AERD who underwent complete ESS followed by aspirin desensitization. Outcomes assessed included need for revision surgery and quality‐of‐life measures using the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcomes Test (SNOT‐22). Data were collected preoperatively, postoperatively prior to desensitization, and then at intervals post‐desensitization through 30 months after aspirin desensitization. A longitudinal linear mixed‐effects model was used for data analysis.ResultsThirty‐four patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. Thirty‐two patients successfully completed aspirin desensitization and were subsequently followed for 30 months after desensitization. Two patients were unable to complete desensitization. Five patients discontinued aspirin maintenance therapy due to gastrointestinal and respiratory side effects. Within the follow‐up period, there were only 3 (9.4%) revision sinus surgeries. Notably, 1 of these revision cases occurred in a patient who had discontinued aspirin maintenance therapy. After surgical treatment and prior to desensitization patients had significant reductions in SNOT‐22 scores. Our results demonstrate that total SNOT‐22 scores remained statistically unchanged from immediate post‐desensitization throughout the 30‐month follow‐up period.ConclusionComplete sinus surgery followed by timely aspirin desensitization and maintenance therapy is an effective combination in the long‐term management of sinus disease in patients with AERD.
Experimental research of drop‐on‐demand droplet jetting 3D printing with molten polymer
Authors: Jiao Zhiwei , Li Fei , Xie Liyang , Liu Xiaojun , Chi Baihong , Yang Weimin 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThree‐dimensional (3D) printing technology has become an effective method for parts manufacturing and got a certain application in many fields. Now, drop‐on‐demand droplet jetting 3D printing appears as a new method of manufacturing technology which has a proven research progress for metal, colloid, and liquid resin materials. However, there are hardly any researches of droplet jetting 3D printing with molten polymer. So, considering molten polymer as the jetting material with droplet jetting method is an explorative direction. In order to attain the molten polymer droplets and achieve droplet jetting 3D printing with molten polymer, the 3D printing technology of differential melt (3DPDM) is developed independently. According to 3DPDM, a complete set of drop‐on‐demand droplet jetting 3D printer have been developed. In this work, PP (6820) was chosen as the experimental material. Under the different print parameters such as the rotation speed of screw, nozzle diameter, mechanical impact frequency, heating temperature, the space between nozzle and platform, the form, and deposition of droplets were studied. Furthermore, the optimal print parameters were summarized. By printing models with the optimal print parameters, it turned out that the 3DPDM is able to achieve drop‐on‐demand droplet jetting 3D printing with molten polymer. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45933.
Roll‐to‐roll printed carbon nanotubes on textile substrates as a heating layer in fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Fischer Thomas , Rühling Julia , Wetzold Nora , Zillger Tino , Weissbach Thomas , Göschel Thomas , Würfel Matthias , Hübler Arved , Kroll Lothar 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe performance of wind turbines suffers from icing in regions with extreme climate. One approach is to incorporate heating elements into the most susceptible areas of the wind turbine blade as protection against icing and for de‐icing. Cost‐efficient and reproducible fabrication, as well as easy integration is important due to the large area of wind turbine blades. In this work, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes are applied on a 50% poly(ethylene terephthalate) and 50% polyamide non‐woven textile substrate by rotary‐screen printing. The printed layers function as resistive heating elements in a fiber‐reinforced composite. The heating areas are provided with flexographic or screen inline‐printed silver‐electrodes and can be integrated by means of vacuum infusion into a glass fiber‐reinforced epoxy composite laminate. These laminates, which are connected to an intelligent electrical control system, are suitable for melting ice on the surface of components or for preventing the formation of ice. The first promising experiments on heating structures in a rotor blade of a wind turbine at laboratory scale (2 m length) are the basis of studies on intelligent electrical control of heating structures and their behavior at different temperatures. The heating elements were able to melt a 3–4 mm thick ice layer within 25 min in a climate chamber at −5 °C. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45950.
Aerobic anti‐gravity exercise in patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease types 1A and X: A pilot study
Authors: Knak Kirsten L. , Andersen Linda K. , Vissing John 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundCharcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease is a hereditary neuropathy associated with impaired walking capacity. Some patients are too weak in the lower extremity muscles to walk at gravity with sufficient intensity or duration to gain benefit.AimThe aim was to investigate the effect of aerobic anti‐gravity exercise in weak patients with CMT 1A and X.MethodsFive adult patients performed moderate‐intensity aerobic anti‐gravity exercise 3/week for 10 weeks.ResultsThere was a significant positive difference in Berg balance scale and postural stability test between test occasions, and walking distance in the 6‐min walk test trended to increase.ConclusionsThe study indicates that the anti‐gravity treadmill training of patients with CMT should be pursued in larger CMT cohorts.
Memory and the hippocampal formation following pediatric traumatic brain injury
Authors: DeMaster Dana , Johnson Chad , Juranek Jenifer , Ewing‐Cobbs Linda 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionPrevious research indicates disruption of learning and memory in children who have experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI).ObjectiveThis research evaluates the impact of pediatric TBI on volumetric differences along the long axis of the hippocampus, a region of the brain that is critical for explicit memory.MethodsStructural brain data and behavioral measures were collected 6 weeks following TBI or extracranial injury (EI), in children aged 8–15 years and from a group of age matched typically developing controls (TDC). Total hippocampal volume and hippocampal subregion volumes corresponding to hippocampal head, body, and tail were compared across groups and were examined in relation to verbal and visual memory.ResultsGroup differences were evident such that hippocampal body volume was found to be smaller for TBI and EI groups compared to the TDC group. Analysis restricted to the TBI group indicated that hippocampal head volume was associated with severity of injury. The relation between severity of injury and hippocampal head volume is particularly important considering results from our investigation of hippocampal volume‐to‐memory performance relations indicating positive correlations between hippocampal head volume and performance on memory measures for both the TBI group and the TDC group. Significant negative correlations between hippocampal body volume and memory were evident for the TBI group but not EI or TDC groups. Correlations between memory performance and hippocampal tail volume were not significant for the TBI or TDC groups, although for the EI group, a positive correlation was found between hippocampal tail volume and memory.ConclusionTogether these results underscore an important relation between hippocampal structure and memory function during the subacute stage of recovery from pediatric TBI.
Mesostructured Catalysts Based on the BEA Topology for Olefin Oligomerisation
Authors: Silva Andreia F. , Fernandes Auguste , Neves Patrícia , Antunes Margarida M. , Rocha Sílvia M. , Ribeiro Maria F. , Silva Carlos M. , Valente Anabela A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMesostructured solid acid catalysts based on the BEA topology were explored for olefin oligomerisation, which is an attractive synthetic route to produce clean, sulfur‐free fuels or fuel additives with reduced aromatics content. Specifically, the oligomerisation of 1‐butene, which may derive from (non‐)renewable sources, was performed under high pressure and continuous‐flow operation. The mesostructured catalysts consisted of a hierarchical zeotype (BEA‐hier) synthesized by a one‐pot approach using a dual‐function template and, on the other hand, a composite (BEA/TUD) possessing zeolite nanocrystallites embedded in a mesoporous matrix synthesised under hydrothermal conditions. The influence of the material properties, catalyst activation temperature and reaction parameters were investigated by combining characterisation, two‐dimensional gas chromatography combined with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ToFMS) studies, and catalytic studies. The catalytic performances were compared to those of commercial nano/microcrystalline zeolites of different topologies and COD‐900 (type of catalyst for the conversion of olefins to distillates process). BEA‐hier performed superiorly in terms of conversion and space–time yields to diesel cut products.