bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COLLISION TOMOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POSSIBLE PROGENITORS OF THE ANDROMEDA STELLAR STREAM
Authors: Miki Yohei , Mori Masao , Rich R. Michael 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
To unveil a progenitor of the Andromeda Giant Stellar Stream, we investigate the interaction between an accreting satellite galaxy and the Andromeda Galaxy using an N-body simulation. We perform a comprehensive exploration of the properties of the progenitor dwarf galaxy, using 247 models of varying mass, mass distribution, and size. We show that the binding energy of the progenitor is the crucial parameter in reproducing the Andromeda Giant Stellar Stream and the shell-like structures surrounding the Andromeda Galaxy. As a result of the simulations, the progenitor must satisfy a simple scaling relation between the core radius, the total mass and the tidal radius. Using this relation, we successfully constrain the physical properties of the progenitors to have masses ranging from

to

and central surface densities around

. A detailed comparison between our result and the nearby observed galaxies indicates that possible progenitors of the Andromeda Giant Stellar Stream include a dwarf elliptical galaxy, a dwarf irregular galaxy, and a small spiral galaxy.
Effect of direction of an external force on crystallization of colloidal particles in a V-shaped groove by sedimentation
Authors: Sato Masahide 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We carried out Langevin dynamics simulations to study the effect of the direction of a uniform external force on the crystallization of colloidal particles in a V-shaped groove. When the inclination of the side walls of a groove was set to a suitable value and the external force bisected the angle, the face-centered-cubic (fcc) structure grew with a {100} growth interface. When the external force was inclined, the number of solidified particles decreased with increasing inclination, which is different from the growth in an inverted pyramidal container.
Impact of micro‐environmental changes on respiratory tract infections with intracellular bacteria
Authors: Shima Kensuke , Coopmeiners Jonas , Graspeuntner Simon , Dalhoff Klaus , Rupp Jan 
Published: August 2016

Community‐acquired pneumonia is caused by intra‐ and extracellular bacteria, with some of these bacteria also being linked to the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular pathogen that is highly sensitive to micro‐environmental conditions controlling both pathogen growth and host immune responses. The availability of nutrients, as well as changes in oxygen, pH and interferon‐γ levels, have been shown to directly influence the chlamydial life cycle and clearance. Although the lung has been traditionally regarded as a sterile environment, sequencing approaches have enabled the identification of a large number of bacteria in healthy and diseased lungs. The influence of the lung microbiota on respiratory infections has not been extensively studied so far and data on chlamydial infections are currently unavailable. In the present study, we speculate on how lung microbiota might interfere with acute and chronic infections by focusing exemplarily on the obligate intracellular C. pneumoniae. Furthermore, we consider changes in the gut microbiota as an additional player in the control of lung infections, especially in view the increasing evidence suggesting the involvement of the gut microbiota in various immunological processes throughout the human body.
Forcings of nutrient, oxygen, and primary production interannual variability in the southeast Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Bachèlery M.‐L. , Illig S. , Dadou I. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe recurrent occurrences of interannual warm and cold events along the coast of Africa have been intensively studied because of their striking effects on climate and fisheries. Using sensitivity experimentation based on a coupled physical/biogeochemical model, we show that the oceanic remote equatorial forcing explains more than 85% of coastal interannual nitrate and oxygen fluctuations along the Angolan and Namibian coasts up to the Benguela Upwelling System (BUS). These events, associated with poleward propagations of upwelling and downwelling Coastal Trapped Waves (CTW), are maximum in subsurface and controlled by physical advection processes. Surprisingly, an abrupt change in the CTW biogeochemical signature is observed in the BUS, associated with mixed vertical gradients due to the strong local upwelling dynamics. Coastal modifications of biogeochemical features result in significant primary production variations that may affect fisheries habitats and coastal biodiversity along the southwestern African coasts and in the BUS.
Assessing uncertainties in the Noah‐MP ensemble simulations of a cropland site during the Tibet Joint International Cooperation program field campaign
Authors: Zhang Guo , Chen Fei , Gan Yanjun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDespite the widespread use of the latest community Noah with multiparameterization (Noah‐MP) land surface model, it has not been rigorously evaluated over the complex Tibetan Plateau. This study assessed uncertainties in Noah‐MP simulations of a cropland site using observations from the 2008 Joint International Cooperation program field campaign. Such an assessment was conducted in the context of performing a total number of 4608 Noah‐MP physics ensemble simulations using two analysis methods: the natural selection approach and Tukey's test, where the impacts of uncertainties in atmospheric forcing conditions, vegetation parameters, and subprocesses on model simulations were identified. Uncertainty in precipitation data exerts greater influence on the general behavior of Noah‐MP ensemble simulations than that in the leaf area index (LAI). However, using a more realistic seasonal LAI improves the seasonal variations of surface heat fluxes. Combining a better precipitation forcing data set and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer monthly LAI significantly reduces the uncertainty range of the ensemble mean of surface heat fluxes. The uncertainty analysis results using the natural selection method are largely similar to that from Tukey's test but show some subtle differences. Both methods reveal greater uncertainties in the following subprocess schemes: canopy resistance, soil moisture threshold for evaporation, runoff and groundwater, and surface‐layer parameterization for this cropland site. The uncertainty analysis identifies the parameterization schemes that demonstrably degrade model performance. The uncertainties in ensemble simulations were significantly reduced when those schemes were excluded, and it was possible to configure an optimal combination of parameterization schemes to obtain similar performance to the ensemble mean of the “best” ensemble experiment.
Observations of conjugate MSTIDs using networks of GPS receivers in the American sector
Authors: Valladares C. E. , Sheehan R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study has used total electron content (TEC) values from an extended network of GPS receivers and a highly developed processing to characterize the conjugacy of medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) over the American continent. It was found that midlatitude nighttime MSTIDs, also named electrobuoyancy waves, map into the opposite hemisphere but the amplitude of the TEC disturbance in the Southern Hemisphere is between 8 and 13% of the amplitude in the original hemisphere. The periods of the MSTIDs vary between 50 and 65 min. MSTID dynamics is presented for two days: 20 August 2012 and 17 June 2012. On the first day, MSTIDs entered into the American sector shortly before 4 UT, last for 3 h, drifted at an average speed of 200 m/s, and dissipated in the Caribbean region. In the Northern Hemisphere, the MSTIDs were directed southwestward (SW) and 60° from south. In the Southern Hemisphere, they moved northwestward (NW) or ~60° from north. The MSTID velocity changed through the night from ~300 m/s to ~150 m/s, but the propagation direction did not vary. On 17 June 2012 a series of wide MSTIDs were seen traveling across the Caribbean region that exited through the western coast of Central America. These MSTIDs last for ~5 h. Number density measured with the DMSP‐F15 and DMSP‐F17 satellites confirm the notion that the MSTIDs consist of rising and falling sheets of plasma density driven by electric fields likely set by a Perkins‐type instability. These observations support the notion that gravity waves can seed and boost the growth of the nighttime MSTIDs.
Influence of Nano‐Calcium Carbonate Particles on the Moisture Absorption and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposite
Authors: He Hongwei , Yang Jingjing , Huang Wei , Cheng Muhua 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe moisture absorption and diffusion characteristics of epoxy‐based nanocomposites containing nano‐calcium carbonate (nano‐CaCO3) are investigated. Although the moisture absorption decreased with increasing nano‐CaCO3 content except for 8 wt%, the moisture absorption and diffusion behaviors were different from each other. It was found that the incorporation of 2 wt% and 4 wt% nano‐CaCO3 decreased moisture absorption capacity effectively. This is due to the more uniform distribution of nano‐CaCO3 particles, which created a longer diffusion path of moisture molecules in the nanocomposites. For the diffusion rate of moisture, there is no significant change observed on adding nano‐CaCO3. The effect of moisture absorption on the mechanical properties of nano‐CaCO3‐filled epoxy nanocomposites were investigated as a functional property of nano‐CaCO3 content. Due to moisture absorption, the flexural strength of epoxy/nano‐CaCO3 composites significantly impaired when compared to dry nanocomposites. However, the effect of nano‐CaCO3 on these mechanical properties was found to be positive, which allows the application of modified epoxy resin in high‐humidity environments.
Enhancing microbial production of biofuels by expanding microbial metabolic pathways
Authors: Yu Ping , Chen Xingge , Li Peng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFatty acid, isoprenoid, and alcohol pathways have been successfully engineered to produce biofuels. By introducing three genes,atfA,adhE, andpdc, intoEscherichia colito expand fatty acid pathway, up to 1.28 g/L of fatty acid ethyl esters can be achieved. The isoprenoid pathway can be expanded to produce bisabolene with a high titer of 900 mg/L inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Short‐ and long‐chain alcohols can also be effectively biosynthesized by extending the carbon chain of ketoacids with an engineered “+1” alcohol pathway. Thus, it can be concluded that expanding microbial metabolic pathways has enormous potential for enhancing microbial production of biofuels for future industrial applications. However, some major challenges for microbial production of biofuels should be overcome to compete with traditional fossil fuels: lowering production costs, reducing the time required to construct genetic elements and to increase their predictability and reliability, and creating reusable parts with useful and predictable behavior. To address these challenges, several aspects should be further considered in future: mining and transformation of genetic elements related to metabolic pathways, assembling biofuel elements and coordinating their functions, enhancing the tolerance of host cells to biofuels, and creating modular subpathways that can be easily interconnected.
Effect of DNA on the conformational dynamics of the endonucleases I‐DmoI as provided by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Grottesi Alessandro , Cecconi Simone , Molina Rafael , D'abramo Marco 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe conformational behavior of the wild‐type endonucleases I‐DmoI and two of its mutants has been studied in the presence and in the absence of DNA target sequences by means of extended molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show that in the absence of DNA, the three protein forms explore a similar essential conformational space, whereas when bound to the same DNA target sequence of 25 base pairs, they diversify and restrain the subspace explored. In addition, the differences in the essential subspaces explored by the residues near the catalytic site for both the bound and unbound forms are discussed in background of the experimental protein activity.
Reductive Calcination of Mineral Magnesite: Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide without Catalysts
Authors: Baldauf‐Sommerbauer Georg , Lux Susanne , Aniser Wolfgang , Siebenhofer Matthäus 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe conversion of mineral magnesite to magnesium oxide, methane, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide in a hydrogen atmosphere at ambient pressure and overpressure without catalysts is discussed. Low temperature and elevated pressure facilitate CH4 formation whereas moderate to high temperature and low pressure facilitate CO formation. Methane is formed directly without any additional catalyst. CO2 emissions are decreased substantially in reductive calcination. Additional experiments revealed that reductively calcined magnesium oxide is a highly active reverse water‐gas shift catalyst. CO formation from gaseous CO2 and H2 at catalytically active magnesium oxide was reproducibly confirmed. Further reduction of carbon monoxide to methane is not catalyzed by reductively calcined magnesium oxide.
Single‐Phase Flow Residence‐Time Distributions in a Rotor‐Stator Spinning Disc Reactor
Authors: Haseidl Franz , König Peter , Hinrichsen Olaf 
Published: August 2016

AbstractResidence‐time experiments were used to study the single‐phase flow hydrodynamics of a rotor‐stator spinning disc reactor. Two reactor setups of different sizes were used to identify the effects of the operating parameters. To precisely determine the central moments of the transfer functions of the reactors, which allow conclusions on the fluid flow profiles in the gap between the moving and nonmoving parts, a deconvolution procedure in the time and frequency domains was established. Residence‐time models were compared with regard to their applicability for deconvolution and fitting. The spatial extent of the convectionally back‐mixed and the plug‐flow regions was quantified with a threshold method. The results were incorporated into an engineering model and compared to literature data.
Sol‐Gel and Porous Glass‐Based Silica Monoliths with Hierarchical Pore Structure for Solid‐Liquid Catalysis
Authors: Enke Dirk , Gläser Roger , Tallarek Ulrich 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis work draws attention to both prospects and challenges for silica monoliths in solid‐liquid catalysis at ultrahigh efficiency. The fundamental advantages of silica monoliths as support structure over particulate fixed beds and organic‐polymer monoliths are illustrated as well as recent applications as flow‐through microreactors for the production of fine chemicals. Preparation routes to sol‐gel and porous glass‐based silica monoliths featuring a hierarchical pore structure are described and their potential use as short‐contact‐time reactors is highlighted together with a view on the multiscale characterization and their rational design by establishing quantitative synthesis‐morphology‐transport relationships.
Core‐shell structured CaO‐based pellets protected by mesoporous ceramics shells for high‐temperature CO2 capture
Authors: Sedghkerdar Mohammad Hashem , Mahinpey Nader , Soleimanisalim Amir H. , Sun Zhenkun , Chen Zhiwei , Lim Jim , Kaliaguine Serge 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this study, a series of core‐shell structured spheriform CO2 sorbents were synthesized by using CaO‐based pellets as cores and different mesoporous metal oxides (e.g. alumina, ceria, and yttrium‐stabilized zirconia) as shells through a repeated wet impregnation coating process. Cyclic CO2 capture performance of the obtained sorbents was investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer. Among all the core/shell sorbents under study, the pellets coated with a layer of alumina exhibit the best performance in the retention of CO2 uptake over 20 cycles with the lowest activity loss of only 30.4 %, attributed to the existence of the thermal stable porous alumina shell which prevents the sintering and the aggregation of the CaO grains. Moreover, the attrition study using an air‐jet apparatus and a standard test method reveals that such sorbents exhibit enhanced attrition resistance due to the protection of the porous shell providing them with a great potential for application in fluidized bed conditions.
Enable cloud DevOps approach for industry and higher education
Authors: Airaj Mohammed 
Published: August 2016

SummaryInnovation in both industry and academia increasingly depends on the fast evolution of software and software services. Adoption of agile software development methodologies has reduced time to market and improved success rates; however, deployment obstacles often impede the quick delivery of the new and improved features to end users. This paper deals with DevOps, a new methodology that extends agile processes to include operations. DevOps methodology adopted with cloud computing could immediately benefit current practitioners from various software development parties while a focus on the young will ensure that DevOps ideals and processes will be taken forward into the longer‐term future. Moving towards clouds, adopting DevOps culture, and implementing DevOps tools will produce more innovative services at lower cost and with higher quality. Wider adoption of the cloud DevOps will bring cloud DevOps features, and the benefit of agile software development, automation, and elastic resource provisioning. Additionally, teaching cloud DevOps in university will help to overcome the barriers to its adoption and maximize its indirect socioeconomic impact.
Diagnostic utility of arborizing stromal meshwork fragments in mucinous tumors
Authors: Patadji Stell , Pantanowitz Joshua , Perlov Natalie M. , Monaco Sara E. 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionArborizing stromal meshwork fragments (ASMFs) have been proposed as a useful clue to differentiate mucin associated with mucinous adenocarcinoma from contaminating mucus during endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration. Our aim was to retrospectively review cytology cases with mucinous material to determine the utility of ASMFs in diagnosing mucinous tumors.Material and MethodsDiff‐Quik stained smears from archival cytology cases (N = 40) were reviewed, including adenocarcinomas with mucinous features, cystic mucinous neoplasms, and control cases with mucin contamination. Specimens were procured by image‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) (16 cases), endoscopic ultrasound‐guided FNA (22 cases), pathologist‐performed FNA (1 case), and fluid drainage (1 case). All cases were reviewed for ASMFs, which were defined as metachromatic, spidery extensions with frayed edges within a background of mucinous material.ResultsASMFs were identified in 4 (10% of cases, 14% of adenocarcinomas) cases of metastatic gastrointestinal mucinous adenocarcinomas in various locations (liver, lymph node, lung, and bone), but absent in mucin contamination. ASMFs in Diff‐Quik stained smears were magenta‐colored and corresponded to intervening stroma between dissecting mucin in the tumor. Nonarborizing desmoplastic stroma, inspissated mucus, cartilage fragments, transgressing vessels in renal cell carcinoma, and mucus‐like material in pancreatic pseudocysts can morphologically mimic ASMFs.ConclusionThese data show that ASMFs may be encountered in some (14%) cases of adenocarcinoma with mucinous differentiation. When present, ASMFs can be diagnostically helpful to differentiate adenocarcinoma with mucinous features from contaminating mucus, if reliably distinguished from mimics. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:805–810. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HPA axis dysregulation, NR3C1 polymorphisms and glucocorticoid receptor isoforms imbalance in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Martins Clarissa Silva , Elias Daniel , Colli Leandro Machado , Couri Carlos Eduardo , Souza Manoel Carlos L.A. , Moreira Ayrton C. , Foss Milton C. , Elias Lucila L.K. , de Castro Margaret 
Published: August 2016

AbstractContextMetabolic syndrome (MetS) shares several similarities with hypercortisolism.ObjectivesTo evaluate hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis sensitivity to dexamethasone (DEX), NR3C1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) isoforms and cytokines in peripheral immune cells of MetS patients and controls.DesignProspective study with 40 MetS patients and 40 controls was conducted at the Ribeirão Preto Medical School University Hospital.MethodsPlasma and salivary cortisol were measured in basal conditions and after 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg of DEX given at 2300 h. In addition, p.N363S (rs6195), p.ER22/23EK (rs6189‐6190), and BclI (rs41423247) SNPs were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction allelic discrimination. Exons 3 to 9 and exon/intron boundaries of NR3C1 were sequenced. GR isoforms and cytokines (IL1B, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IFNγ, TNFα) expression were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsPlasma and salivary cortisol (nmol/L) after 1‐mg DEX were higher in MetS patients compared with controls (PF: 70.2 ± 17.3 vs 37.9 ± 2.6, P = .02, and SF: 4.9 ± 1.7 vs 2.2 ± 0.3, P < .0001). After all DEX doses, a lower number of MetS patients suppressed plasma and salivary cortisol compared with controls. The BclI genotypic frequencies (%) differed between patients (CC:56/CG:44) and controls (CC:50/CG:32.5/GG:17.5) (P = .03). The GRβ was overexpressed (fold = 100.0; P = .002) and IL4 (fold = −265.0; P < .0001) was underexpressed in MetS.ConclusionMetS patients exhibited decreased HPA sensitivity to glucocorticoid feedback. Moreover, the BclI polymorphism lower frequency, GRβ overexpression, and IL4 underexpression might underlie the molecular mechanism of glucocorticoid resistance in MetS. Thus, HPA axis dysregulation might contribute to MetS pathogenesis.