bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of soil wetness from multiple models over Australia with observations
Authors: Vinodkumar  , Dharssi I. , Bally J. , Steinle P. , McJannet D. , Walker J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index used in Australia for operational fire warnings has a component representing fuel availability called the Drought Factor (DF). The DF is partly based on soil moisture deficit, calculated as either the Keetch‐Byram Drought Index (KBDI) or Mount's Soil Dryness Index (MSDI). The KBDI and MSDI are simplified water balance models driven by observation based daily rainfall and temperature. In this work, gridded KBDI and MSDI analyses are computed at a horizontal resolution of 5 km and are verified against in‐situ soil moisture observations. Also verified is another simple model called the Antecedent Precipitation Index (API). Soil moisture analyses from the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS) global Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) system as well as remotely sensed soil wetness retrievals from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) are also verified. The verification shows that the NWP soil wetness analyses have greater skill and smaller biases than the KBDI, MSDI and API analyses. This is despite the NWP system having a coarse horizontal resolution and not using observed precipitation. The average temporal correlations (root mean square difference) between cosmic ray soil moisture monitoring facility observations and modeled or remotely sensed soil wetness are 0.82 (0.15 ±0.02), 0.66 (0.33 ±0.07), 0.77 (0.20 ±0.03), 0.74 (0.22 ±0.03) and 0.83 (0.18 ±0.04) for NWP, KBDI, MSDI, API and ASCAT. The results from this study suggests that analyses of soil moisture can be greatly improved by using physically based land surface models, remote sensing measurements and data assimilation.
Labyrinths in large reservoirs: An invisible barrier to fish migration and the solution through reservoir operation
Authors: Xu Zhihao , Yin Xinan , Sun Tao , Cai Yanpeng , Ding Yu , Yang Wei , Yang Zhifeng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractReservoir construction changes a river's natural flows and temperature, thereby threatening fish migration. Researchers have tried to restore fish migration passages by ensuring environmental flows in downstream river channels. However, reservoir impoundment changes upstream environments from lotic to lentic and thereby hinders fish migration by eliminating migration cues, which has been rarely considered. This study characterized the invisible barriers that large reservoirs create for migratory fish. Water currents are the primary orientation cues for migration due to fish's natural rheotactic tendency. Fish also require suitable temperatures during migration. We built a quasi‐3‐D model to simulate hydrodynamic and temperature conditions in large reservoirs and tested whether these conditions met the velocity and temperature requirements of fish. Due to the strong effects of operation on reservoir conditions, we proposed an eco‐friendly technical operating solution to restore migration passages. We added an ecological constraint (i.e., creating a suitable velocity field for fish migration) to reservoir operation model and applied multiobjective optimization to simultaneously protect reservoir benefits. As a case, we applied our approach to China's Danjiangkou Reservoir. We found that velocities in more than half of the zones along the potential fish migration route through the reservoir were lower than the fish requirement and could not offer orientation cues for migration. The eco‐friendly operating scheme effectively restored a fish migration passage by managing reservoir releases during key migration periods, slightly reducing the reservoir's socioeconomic benefits by 1.67–5.03%. This study provides a new perspective on biodiversity and fisheries protection in global regulated rivers.
Direct Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Toluene Derivatives and N‐Acyl‐2‐aminoacetophenones
Authors: Yu Hui , Xu Yilan , Dong Rui , Fang Yan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe direct oxidative cross‐coupling between N‐acyl‐2‐aminoacetophenones and toluene derivatives was developed with a new C–C bond being formed under metal‐free and environmentally friendly conditions with excellent atom economy. A possible reaction pathway for the formation of the products is also discussed in this paper.magnified image
Ruthenium Complexes Immobilized on Functionalized Knitted Hypercrosslinked Polymers as Efficient and Recyclable Catalysts for Organic Transformations
Authors: Jia Zhifang , Wang Kewei , Tan Bien , Gu Yanlong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA hypercrosslinked polymer (HCP)‐immobilized ruthenium catalyst (HCP–PPh3–Ru) was prepared from benzene and triphenylphosphine (PPh3) through a one‐step external cross‐linking reaction. The structure and composition of the catalyst were fully characterized by many physicochemical methods. HCP–PPh3–Ru was found to possess high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, large pore volume, and low skeletal density. Moreover, the Ru catalyst was also featured some advantages, such as low synthetic cost and good chemical and thermal stability. HCP–PPh3–Ru was then used as a recoverable and effective catalyst for the synthesis of 2,4‐diaryl‐substituted pyridines from acetophenones, ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and dimethylformamide (DMF), and the cycloaddition reaction of diazodicarbonyl compounds with olefins to afford dihydrofurans. In addition, a combination of HCP–PPh3–Ru and Amberlyst‐15 enabled us to establish a simple protocol for the direct synthesis of carbazole derivatives from diazodicarbonyl compound, alkyl vinyl ether and indole. In these selected reactions, the catalyst was easily recovered and reused several times without significant activity loss.magnified image
Planar Chiral Cyclic (Amino)(ferrocenyl)carbene as Ligand for Transition Metals
Authors: Yasue Risa , Miyauchi Masaru , Yoshida Kazuhiro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPlanar chiral ferrocene‐fused iminium salts were synthesized in enantiomerically pure form. The novel planar chiral cyclic (amino)(ferrocenyl)carbene successfully generated from such salt was subjected to carbene trapping experiments with sulfur and copper chloride. The utility of the carbene as a chiral ligand for transition metals was preliminarily demonstrated in the copper‐catalyzed enantioselective β‐boration of an α,β‐unsaturated ester.magnified image
An Iron(II) Chloride‐Promoted Radical Cascade Methylation or α‐Chloro‐β‐methylation of N‐Arylacrylamides with Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Li Zejiang , Cui Xiaosong , Niu Lin , Ren Yingming , Bian Menghua , Yang Xuebiao , Yang Biao , Yan Qinqin , Zhao Jincan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA free radical‐initiated methylation and/or α‐chloro‐β‐methylation of N‐arylacrylamides with dimethyl sulfoxide under the analogous Fenton reaction condition has been developed, which provides an effective and facile cascade strategy for the synthesis of oxindoles and chlorinated amides.magnified image
Recent Developments in Trifluoromethylation or Difluoroalkylation by Use of Difluorinated Phosphonium Salts
Authors: Zhang Cai 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRecent advances in trifluoromethylation or difluoroalkylation reactions by use of difluorinated phosphonium salts are summarized. In the presence of base, water, photocatalyst, fluoride or under the heating conditions, the difluorinated phosphonium salts can produce difluorocarbene, the CF2H radical or the trifluoromethyl anion, which are major intermediates for the difluoroalkylation or trifluoromethylation reaction and give moderate to excellent yields of the desired products in most cases.magnified image
Relapse risk and survival in patients with FLT3 mutated acute myeloid leukemia undergoing stem cell transplantation
Authors: Gaballa Sameh , Saliba Rima , Oran Betul , Brammer Jonathan E. , Chen Julianne , Rondon Gabriela , Alousi Amin M. , Kebriaei Partow , Marin David , Popat Uday R. , Andersson Borje S. , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Jabbour Elias , Daver Naval , Andreeff Michael , Ravandi Farhad , Cortes Jorge , Patel Keyur , Champlin Richard E. , Ciurea Stefan O. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn patients with AML with FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations, the significance of minimal residual disease (MRD) detected by PCR before allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) on outcomes after transplant remains unclear. We identified 200 patients with FLT3‐AML who underwent SCT at our institution. Disease status at transplant was: first or second complete remission (CR1/CR2, n = 119), high‐risk CR (third or subsequent CR, marrow hypoplasia, or incomplete count recovery) (CR‐HR, n = 31), and morphological evidence of active disease (AD, n = 50). The median follow‐up was 27 months, and the 2‐year overall and progression‐free survival were 43% and 41%, respectively. Relapse was highest in the AD group (85%) and the CR‐HR FLT3 MRD positive group (72%), followed by CR‐HR FLT3 MRD negative (58%), CR1/CR2 FLT3 MRD positive (39%), and lowest in the CR1/CR2 FLT3 MRD negative group (23%). On multivariate analysis, independent factors influencing the risk of relapse were detectable morphological disease and FLT3 MRD by PCR pre‐transplant. Factors that did not influence the relapse risk included: age, graft type, graft source, type of FLT3 mutation, or conditioning intensity. Morphologic and molecular remission status at the time of transplant were key predictors of disease relapse and survival in patients with FLT3‐AML.
Asymmetric Petasis Borono‐Mannich Allylation Reactions Catalyzed by Chiral Biphenols
Authors: Jiang Yao , Schaus Scott E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractChiral biphenols catalyze the asymmetric Petasis borono‐Mannich allylation of aldehydes and amines through the use of a bench‐stable allyldioxaborolane. The reaction proceeds via a two‐step, one‐pot process and requires 2–8 mole % of 3,3′‐Ph2‐BINOL as the optimal catalyst. Under microwave heating the reaction affords chiral homoallylic amines in excellent yields (up to 99 %) and high enantioselectivies (er up to 99:1). The catalytic reaction is a true multicomponent condensation reaction whereas both the aldehyde and the amine can possess a wide range of structural and electronic properties. Use of crotyldioxaborolane in the reaction results in stereodivergent products with anti‐ and syn‐diastereomers both in good diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities from the corresponding E‐ and Z‐borolane stereoisomers.
Food Security, Structural Transformation, Markets and Government Policy
Authors: Timmer C. Peter 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFood prices are a key signal about what is happening to food security, and two dimensions are important: their average level (and whether this is rising or falling in the long run) and their volatility. Food price instability slows down economic growth and the structural transformation that is the pathway out of rural poverty. The best approaches to improving food security depend on which global food price regime is likely to drive policy formation between now and 2050. The historical path of structural transformation with falling food prices, leading to a ‘world without agriculture’, is an obvious possibility. But continued financial instability, coupled with the impact of climate change, could lead to a new and uncertain path of rising real costs for food, with a reversal of structural transformation. Management of food policy, and the outlook for sustained poverty reduction, will be radically different depending on which of these global price regimes plays out.
Assessing the Efficiency Costs of Vietnam's ‘Missing’ Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: A Panel Data Investigation
Authors: Le Trung Dang , Shaffer Paul 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article investigates whether there are efficiency costs associated with the pronounced rightward skew in the firm size distribution, or Vietnam's ‘missing small and medium size enterprise (SMEs)’, drawing on panel data analysis of firm growth and survival. Specifically, it examines if factor allocation biases with respect to credit, preferable treatment of state owned enterprises, barriers to entry into export markets and economies of scale are important determinants of growth rates and survival probabilities of small, medium and large‐sized firms. Overall, findings on the earlier variables do not support the view that there are large efficiency costs associated with Vietnam's ‘missing SMEs’. Together with other results in the literature with do not find significant equity costs associated with Vietnam's ‘missing SMES’, these findings raise questions about policy initiatives in support of SMEs in Vietnam, such as the National SME Support program, in particular, through improved access to credit.
Cytotoxic Triterpenoids from the Barks of Betula platyphylla var. japonica
Authors: Eom Hee Jeong , Kang Hee Rae , Choi Sang Un , Kim Ki Hyun 
Published: January 2017

Phytochemical investigation on the barks of Betula platyphylla var. japonica (Betulaceae) was carried out, resulting in the isolation and identification of three new triterpenoids, 27‐O‐cis‐caffeoylcylicodiscic acid (1), 27‐O‐cis‐feruloylcylicodiscic acid (2), and 27‐O‐cis‐caffeoylmyricerol (3), along with six known triterpenoids, obtusilinin (4), winchic acid (5), 27‐O‐trans‐caffeoylcylicodiscic acid (6), uncarinic acid E (7), myriceric acid B (8), and 3‐O‐trans‐caffeoyloleanolic acid (9). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and HR‐ESI‐MS. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines (A549, SK‐OV‐3, SK‐MEL‐2, and Bt549). Compounds 2, 6, 8, and 9 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against all of the tumor cells tested (IC50 < 10.0 μm), while compounds 3, 4, 5, and 7 showed moderate cytotoxicity against all of the tumor cells tested (IC50 < 20.0 μm).
Mitochondrial ryanodine‐sensitive Ca2+ channels of rat liver
Authors: Kupynyak N.I. , Ikkert O.V. , Shlykov S.G. , Babich L.G. , Manko V.V. 
Published: January 2017

To examine ryanodine‐sensitive Ca2+ channels in mitochondria of rat hepatocytes and their role in energy state of the cells via investigation of the ryanodine effect on mitochondrial membrane potential.Oxygen consumption was measured by polarography using the Clark electrode. The substrates of oxidation such as pyruvate (5mM), α‐ketoglutarate (5mM), or succinate (5mM) were used. Oxidative phosphorylation was stimulated by the addition of adenosine diphosphate (200nM). Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using a voltage‐sensitive fluorescent probe tetramethylrhodamine‐methyl‐ester (0.1μM) and was analyzed by a flow cytometer. To evaluate the intact mitochondria, we used carbonil cyanide m‐chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP, 10μM). Changes in the ionized calcium concentration in rat liver mitochondria were measured using a fluorescent probe Fluo‐4 AM.Effect of ryanodine on oxygen consumption of rat liver mitochondria depends on the oxidation substrate and the incubation time. Oxidation of pyruvate in the presence of ryanodine (0.05μM) decreased the membrane potential of rat liver mitochondria by 38.4%. At higher concentrations, ryanodine (0.1μM or 1μM) led to decrease of membrane potential by 51.7% and 42.8%, respectively. In contrast, oxidation of α‐ketoglutarate in the presence of ryanodine (0.05μM) increased mitochondrial membrane potential by 16.8%. However, at higher concentrations, ryanodine (0.1μM or 1μM) triggered a decreasing of membrane potential by 42.5% and 31.0%, respectively. Therefore, ryanodine at various concentrations (0.05μM, 0.1μM, or 1μM) causes differential effects on Ca2+ concentration in the mitochondria matrix under oxidation of pyruvate or α‐ketoglutarate.The data suggest the presence of ryanodine receptors in mitochondrial membrane of rat hepatocytes. Their inhibition with higher concentrations of ryanodine leads to decreasing of intra‐mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration and affecting the energy state of mictochondria in hepatocytes.
Versatile Interacting Peptide (VIP) Tags for Labeling Proteins with Bright Chemical Reporters
Authors: Zane Hannah K. , Doh Julia K. , Enns Caroline A. , Beatty Kimberly E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFluorescence microscopy is an essential tool for the biosciences, enabling the direct observation of proteins in their cellular environment. New methods that facilitate attachment of photostable synthetic fluorophores with genetic specificity are needed to advance the frontiers of biological imaging. Here, we describe a new set of small, selective, genetically encoded tags for proteins based on a heterodimeric coiled‐coil interaction between two peptides: CoilY and CoilZ. Proteins expressed as a fusion to CoilZ were selectively labeled with the complementary CoilY fluorescent probe peptide. Fluorophore‐labeled target proteins were readily detected in cell lysates with high specificity and sensitivity. We found that these versatile interacting peptide (VIP) tags allowed rapid and specific delivery of bright organic dyes or quantum dots to proteins displayed on living cells. Additionally, we validated that either CoilY or CoilZ could serve as the VIP tag, which enabled us to observe two distinct cell‐surface protein targets with this one heterodimeric pair.
Hydrosilylation of RN=CH Imino‐Substituted Pyridines without a Catalyst
Authors: Novák Miroslav , Hošnová Hana , Dostál Libor , Glowacki Britta , Jurkschat Klaus , Lyčka Antonín , Ruzickova Zdenka , Jambor Roman 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTreatment of the neutral pyridine‐based ligands L1–L3, bearing either one or two RN=CH imine moieties {where L1 and L2 are N,N‐chelating ligands 2‐(RN=CH)C5H4N (R=Ph (L1) or R=2,4,6‐Ph3C6H2 (L2)) and L3 is the N,N,N‐chelating ligand 2,6‐(RN=CH)2C5H3N (R=2,6‐iPr2C6H3)}, with HSiCl3 yielded N→Si‐coordinated silicon(IV) amides 2‐{Cl3SiN(R)CH2}C5H4N (1, R=Ph; 2, R=2,4,6‐Ph3C6H2) and 2‐{Cl3SiN(R)CH2}‐6‐(RN=CH)C5H4N (3, R=2,6‐iPr2C6H3). The organosilicon amides 1–3 are the products of spontaneous hydrosilylation of the RN=CH imine moiety induced by N→Si coordination of the proposed N,N‐chelated chlorosilanes L1→SiHCl3 (1 a), L2→SiHCl3 (2 a), and L3→SiHCl3 (3 a). Furthermore, the reaction of L3 with an excess of HSiCl3 provided the intramolecularly coordinated chlorosilicon diamide cyclo‐{(C5H3N)‐1,3‐(CH2NR)2}SiCl2 (4) (R=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) as the product of spontaneous reduction of both RN=CH imine moieties. The compounds have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy (1–4) and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis (1, 3, and 4). The mechanism of the hydrosilylation of the second RN=CH imine moiety in 3 by an excess of SiHCl3 has also been studied. The experimental work is supplemented by DFT calculations.
Structural Dimorphism of Achiral α,γ‐Hybrid Peptide Foldamers: Coexistence of 12‐ and 15/17‐Helices
Authors: Misra Rajkumar , Saseendran Abhijith , George Gijo , Veeresh Kuruva , Raja K. Muruga Poopathi , Raghothama Srinivasarao , Hofmann Hans‐Jörg , Gopi Hosahudya N. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHere, novel 12‐helices in α,γ‐hybrid peptides composed of achiral α‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) and 4‐aminoisocaproic acid (Aic, doubly homologated Aib) monomers in 1:1 alternation are reported. The 12‐helices were indicated by solution and crystal structural analyses of tetra‐ and heptapeptides. Surprisingly, single crystals of the longer nonapeptide displayed two different helix types: the novel 12‐helix and an unprecedented 15/17‐helix. Quantum chemical calculations on both helix types in a series of continuously lengthened Aib/Aic‐hybrid peptides confirm that the 12‐helix is more stable than the 15/17‐helix in shorter peptides, whereas the 15/17‐helix is more stable in longer sequences. Thus, the coexistence of both helix types can be expected within a definite range of sequence lengths. The novel 15/17‐ and 12‐helices in α,γ‐hybrid peptides with 5→1 and 4→1 hydrogen‐bonding patterns, respectively, can be viewed as backbone‐expanded analogues of native α‐ and 310‐helices.
Flexible Viologen Cyclophanes: Odd/Even Effects on Intramolecular Interactions
Authors: Berville Mathilde , Choua Sylvie , Gourlaouen Christophe , Boudon Corinne , Ruhlmann Laurent , Bailly Corinne , Cobo Saioa , Saint‐Aman Eric , Wytko Jennifer , Weiss Jean 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe ability of three bis‐viologen cyclophanes to act as redox‐triggered contractile switches is investigated. Odd/even effects in the formation of cyclic bis‐viologens are circumvented by the use of a Zincke salt intermediate and a tetrathiafulvalene template to prepare a flexible cyclophane with hexyl linkers. Comparative spectro‐electrochemical studies of this macrocycle with two other pentyl‐ or heptyl‐linked cyclic bis‐viologens show that the development of intramolecular interactions in aqueous solution depends on the length of the bridges. This dependence is confirmed by EPR and DFT studies of the magnetic coupling in the diradical dication species. The anti‐ferromagnetic or ferromagnetic nature of the coupling depend, respectively, on the odd or even number of methylene groups in the spacer.
IRBAS: An online database to collate, analyze, and synthesize data on the biodiversity and ecology of intermittent rivers worldwide
Authors: Leigh Catherine , Laporte Baptiste , Bonada Núria , Fritz Ken , Pella Hervé , Sauquet Eric , Tockner Klement , Datry Thibault 
Published: January 2017

AbstractKey questions dominating contemporary ecological research and management concern interactions between biodiversity, ecosystem processes, and ecosystem services provision in the face of global change. This is particularly salient for freshwater biodiversity and in the context of river drying and flow‐regime change. Rivers that stop flowing and dry, herein intermittent rivers, are globally prevalent and dynamic ecosystems on which the body of research is expanding rapidly, consistent with the era of big data. However, the data encapsulated by this work remain largely fragmented, limiting our ability to answer the key questions beyond a case‐by‐case basis. To this end, the Intermittent River Biodiversity Analysis and Synthesis (IRBAS; http://irbas.cesab.org) project has collated, analyzed, and synthesized data from across the world on the biodiversity and environmental characteristics of intermittent rivers. The IRBAS database integrates and provides free access to these data, contributing to the growing, and global, knowledge base on these ubiquitous and important river systems, for both theoretical and applied advancement. The IRBAS database currently houses over 2000 data samples collected from six countries across three continents, primarily describing aquatic invertebrate taxa inhabiting intermittent rivers during flowing hydrological phases. As such, there is room to expand the biogeographic and taxonomic coverage, for example, through addition of data collected during nonflowing and dry hydrological phases. We encourage contributions and provide guidance on how to contribute and access data. Ultimately, the IRBAS database serves as a portal, storage, standardization, and discovery tool, enabling collation, synthesis, and analysis of data to elucidate patterns in river biodiversity and guide management. Contribution creates high visibility for datasets, facilitating collaboration. The IRBAS database will grow in content as the study of intermittent rivers continues and data retrieval will allow for networking, meta‐analyses, and testing of generalizations across multiple systems, regions, and taxa.