bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic prophylaxis in ureteroscopic lithotripsy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of comparative studies
Authors: Deng Tuo , Liu Bing , Duan Xiaolu , Cai Chao , Zhao Zhijian , Zhu Wei , Fan Junhong , Wu Wenqi , Zeng Guohua 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis and the different strategies used to prevent infection in ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL) by conducting a systematic review and meta‐analysis.Materials and MethodsA systematic literature search using Pubmed, Embase, Medline, the Cochrane Library, and the Chinese CBM, CNKI and VIP databases was performed to find comparative studies on the efficacy of different antibiotic prophylaxis strategies in URL for preventing postoperative infections. The last search was conducted on 25 June 2017. Summarized unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the efficacy of different antibiotic prophylaxis strategies.ResultsA total of 11 studies in 4 591 patients were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. No significant difference was found in the risk of postoperative febrile urinary tract infections (fUTIs) between groups with and without antibiotic prophylaxis (OR: 0.82, 95% CI 0.40–1.67; P = 0.59). Patients receiving a single dose of preoperative antibiotics had a significantly lower risk of pyuria (OR: 0.42, 95% CI 0.25–0.69; P = 0.0007) and bacteriuria (OR: 0.25, 95% CI 0.11–0.58; P = 0.001) than those who did not. Intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis was not superior to single‐dose oral antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing fUTI (OR: 1.00, 95% CI 0.26–3.88; P = 1.00).ConclusionsWe concluded that preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis did not lower the risk of postoperative fUTI, but a single dose could reduce the incidence of pyuria or bacteriuria. A single oral dose of preventive antibiotics is preferred because of its cost‐effectiveness. The efficacy of different types of antibiotics and other strategies could not be assessed in our meta‐analysis. Randomized controlled trials with a larger sample size and more rigorous study design are needed to validate these conclusions.
Development of transient carbonate ramps in an evolving foreland basin
Authors: Ćosović Vlasta , Mrinjek Ervin , Nemec Wojciech , Španiček Jelena , Terzić Krešimir 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study of Eocene carbonate succession in the Dinaric Foreland Basin of northern Dalmatia, Croatia, integrates palaeontological and sedimentological data to document a range of carbonate ramps formed intermittently during the basin tectonic development. The end‐Cretaceous basal erosional unconformity records the coupling of Adria and Eurasia crustal plates, with an antiformal uplift along their suture zone. The overlying late Ypresian carbonate ramp, spanning biozones SBZ 11–12, developed on the forebulge flank of a shallow‐marine early synclinal basin. Basal grainstone/packstone facies, dominated by encrusting foraminifers with alveolinids and miliolids, pass upwards into packstones dominated by miliolids and rotaliids with bryozoan and echinoid fragments, indicating an increased bathymetry of the retreating forebulge flank. Deposition of grainstone facies preceded an end‐Ypresian (SBZ 12/13 transition) subaerial exposure due to post‐subductional isostatic uplift. The younger, middle to late Eocene carbonate ramps (SBZ 13–19) formed episodically as perched isolated features on blind‐thrust anticlines in a bathymetrically diversified wedge‐top basin, where phases of clastic and skeletal biogenic sedimentation alternated due to disharmonic thrusting and relative sea‐level changes. Clastic sedimentation reflects anticline crest erosion and a forced‐regressive progradation of gravelly foreshore and sandy shoreface facies over heterolithic offshore‐transition and muddy offshore facies on the anticline flank. Biogenic sedimentation represents inner‐ to middle‐ramp environments, with the latter terminating bluntly in muddy offshore environment. An outer‐ramp environment, known from classic ramp models, was lacking due to bathymetric threshold. Analysis of larger benthic foraminifers (LBF), as biostratigraphic age indicators and palaeobathymetric proxies, helped distinguish systems tracts and determine their time span. A comparison of local and global sea‐level changes allowed the interplay of tectonic and eustatic forcing to be deciphered for the study area.
Sleep patterns and problems in infants and young children in Ireland
Authors: Hanafin S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is an increasing recognition that sleep is an important aspect of health and well‐being, and this is particularly the case in infancy and early childhood where sleep behaviours and patterns can result in substantial problems.MethodsThis paper draws on Wave 1, 2, and 3 data from Growing Up in Ireland, the national longitudinal study of children in Ireland to provide an overview of sleep patterns in a population of children aged 9 months (n = 11,112), 3 years (n = 9,790), and 5 years (n = 8,996). The anonymised data made available through the Irish Social Science Data Archive were analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsFindings from the analysis show that about two thirds of infants (66.9%; n = 7,433) and just under 3 quarters of children aged 3 years (72.8%; n = 7,127) go to sleep between 7:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. and about 3 quarters (78.6%; n = 7,070) of 5‐year‐old children are in bed by 9:00 p.m. Just under half of infants (48.5%; n = 5,000) wake up between 7:00 a.m. and 8:00 a.m. and 13.5% (n = 1,500) wake up between 6:00 a.m. and 7:00 a.m.More than 80% (n = 8,889) of mothers report their 9‐month‐old infant wakes up at least occasionally and 13.8% report it happens every night. Almost all infants nap during the daytime, with the majority (56.0%; n = 6,222) doing so for between 1 and 2 hours. About one third (65.4%; n = 6,402) of 3‐year‐olds take daytime naps, but only 5.0% (n = 449) of 5‐year‐olds do so. Substantial proportions of mothers report children's sleep patterns are at least a small problem for them (ranging from about 30% (n = 3,333) in infancy to 22% (n = 2,444) at 3 years and 12% (n = 1,079) at 5 years).ConclusionsThese findings highlight a substantial unmet need, and it is suggested that public health nurses and health visitors have a key role to play in supporting positive sleep patterns in early childhood.
Cardiac function in paediatric patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Mooij Christiaan F. , Pourier Milanthy S. , Weijers Gert , de Korte Chris L. , Fejzic Zina , Claahsen‐van der Grinten Hedi L. , Kapusta Livia 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundHyperandrogenism and exogenous glucocorticoid excess may cause unfavourable changes in the cardiovascular risk profile of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).ObjectiveTo evaluate the cardiac function in paediatric patients with CAH.Patients and methodsTwenty‐seven paediatric patients with CAH, aged 8‐16 years, were evaluated by physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), conventional echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging and two‐dimensional (2D) myocardial strain (rate) imaging. Results were compared to 27 age‐ and gender‐ matched healthy controls.ResultsNo signs of left ventricular hypertrophy or dilatation were detected on echocardiography. ECG revealed a high prevalence (25.9%) of incomplete right bundle branch block. Left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole (LVPWd) was significantly lower in patients with CAH compared to controls (5.55 vs 6.53 mm; P = .009). The LVPWd Z‐score was significantly lower in patients with CAH yet within the normal range (−1.12 vs −0.35; P = .002). Isovolumetric relaxation time was significantly lower in patients with CAH (49 vs 62 ms; P = .003). Global longitudinal, radial and circumferential strain was not significantly different compared to controls. Global radial strain rate was significantly higher compared to healthy controls (2.58 vs 2.06 1/s; P = .046). Global longitudinal strain was negatively correlated with 24‐hour blood pressure parameters.ConclusionCardiac evaluation of paediatric patients with CAH showed no signs of left ventricular hypertrophy or ventricular dilatation. LVPWd was lower in patients with CAH than in controls but within the normal range. A shorter isovolumetric relaxation time in patients with CAH may be a sign of mild left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.
A prospective controlled trial comparing xenograft/autogenous bone and collagen‐stabilized xenograft for maxillary sinus augmentation—Complications, patient‐reported outcomes and volumetric analysis
Authors: Alayan Jamil , Ivanovski Saso 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveCompare maxillary sinus augmentation (MSA) using two different materials—anorganic bovine bone mineral (ABBM) + autogenous bone (AB) (control group) vs. collagen‐stabilized ABBM (test group) in terms of complications, patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) and volumetric analysis.Materials and MethodsSixty patients underwent sinus augmentation (30 control + 30 test group). Intra‐ and postoperative complications were recorded. PROMs measured the impact of grafting on daily activities, pain and morbidity. CT scans were used to measure graft volume, ridge height, material selection and degree of contact of graft‐to‐surrounding sinus walls. Dental implant placement parameters were also recorded.ResultsAll complications were minor and did not prevent completion of the augmentation or subsequent implant placement. Schneiderian membrane perforation was the most frequently encountered complication. Both treatment groups reported moderate limitation in the 1st 48 hr post‐surgery but little or none by day 3 or 4. Jaw opening, chewing and bruising were significantly higher in the control group. The impact on work and social life was moderate initially but reduced to little or none by the 2nd day. Mild to moderate pain and interference to daily activities were reported for the first 3 days requiring the use of NSAIDs only. A mean graft volume of 1.46 cm3 (±0.77) was calculated in the control group and 1.27 cm3 (±0.65) in the test group. Extent of contact between graft and surrounding sinus walls had a significant impact on bone volume. Shorter (8 mm) implants were utilized more frequently in the test group, which was also more likely to require additional vertical augmentation, but this was not statistically significant.ConclusionMSA using a lateral wall approach is safe and associated with mild to moderate pain and restrictions to daily activities for 48–72 hr. Patients’ reports of morbidity were greater with autogenous bone harvesting. Collagen‐stabilized ABBM provides comparable bone volume to AB + ABBM that is sufficient for placement of implants of adequate size with no need for further vertical augmentation. Engaging the surrounding sinus walls had a significant positive impact on graft volume.
Photoaggravated allergic contact dermatitis and transient photosensitivity caused by methylisothiazolinone
Authors: Aerts Olivier , Goossens An , Marguery Marie‐Claude , Castelain Michel , Boursault Lucile , Giordano‐Labadie Françoise , Lambert Julien , Milpied Brigitte 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundPhotoaggravated allergic contact dermatitis caused by methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/methylisothiazolinone (MI) and MI has been reported.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical characteristics and results of (photo)patch tests and photo‐tests of 10 patients in Belgium and France suffering from photoaggravated contact dermatitis caused by MI.Patients and MethodsFive men and five women, with a median age of 49.5 years, were investigated between January 2012 and February 2017 because of suspected photoaggravated contact dermatitis. Patch tests, photopatch tests and/or photo‐tests were performed.ResultsSeven patients had positive patch test reactions to both MCI/MI and MI, whereas 3 patients had positive patch test reactions only to MI. In most cases, MI was the (strong) primary sensitizer. Photopatch tests with MCI/MI and/or MI gave stronger reactions than patch tests with these derivatives, indicating photoaggravation. Sensitization probably took place from cosmetics and work‐related biocides, whereas elicitation of dermatitis was remarkably often related to airborne exposure to MI present in paints or industrial biocides. Four patients suffered from transient photosensitivity.ConclusionPhotoaggravated allergic contact dermatitis and transient photosensitivity caused by MI is a peculiar clinical presentation of allergic contact dermatitis caused by this preservative, and should be considered in daily clinical practice.
S‐Nitrosohemoglobin Levels and Patient Outcome After Transfusion During Pediatric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Matto Faisal , Kouretas Peter C. , Smith Richard , Ostrowsky Jacob , Cina Anthony J. , Hess Douglas T. , Stamler Jonathan S. , Reynolds James D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBanked blood exhibits impairments in nitric oxide (NO)‐based oxygen delivery capability, reflected in rapid depletion of S‐nitrosohemoglobin (SNO‐Hb). We hypothesized that transfusion of even freshly‐stored blood used in pediatric heart surgery would reduce SNO‐Hb levels and worsen outcome. In a retrospective review (n = 29), the percent of estimated blood volume (% eBV) replaced by transfusion directly correlated with ventilator time and inversely correlated with kidney function; similar results were obtained in a prospective arm (n = 20). In addition, an inverse association was identified between SNO‐Hb and postoperative increase in Hb (∆Hb), reflecting the amount of blood retained by the patient. Both SNO‐Hb and ∆Hb correlated with the probability of kidney dysfunction and oxygenation‐related complications. Further, regression analysis identified SNO‐Hb as an inverse predictor of outcome. The findings suggest that SNO‐Hb and ∆Hb are prognostic biomarkers following pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass, and that maintenance of red blood cell‐derived NO bioactivity might confer therapeutic benefit.
The status of support for cannabis regulation in Uruguay 4 years after reform: Evidence from public opinion surveys
Authors: Cruz José Miguel , Boidi Maria Fernanda , Queirolo Rosario 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe objective of this study was to measure the public support for marijuana legalisation in Uruguay, both overall and in its provisions, in nearly 4 years after its implementation.Design and MethodsThree separate cross‐national surveys were conducted in early 2014, late 2015 and mid‐2017 with national representative samples of adults. The first study was carried out during the initial months of implementation of the law and used face‐to‐face interviews (N = 1490); the second survey was conducted using a computer‐assisted telephone interviewing system (N = 703); and the third study (N = 1515), using face‐to‐face interviews, was completed just before the implementation of pharmacy sales.ResultsAbout 60.7% of respondents in 2014 were against marijuana legalisation; in 2017, 54.1% remained opposed to the marijuana law. In 2015, half of the people interviewed (49.9%) supported access to marijuana through self‐cultivation, while 38.6% favoured the provision of cannabis clubs and 33.1% agreed with the pharmacy retail provision. Support for medical cannabis was high in 2015, with 74.5% favouring it.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study shows a change in the public opinion toward legalisation of marijuana although most people still remain opposed to the law. However, the data do not provide indication of a significant change in its use. Results suggest that opposition to legalisation may be focused on the pharmacy retail provision.
Utility of HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose for screening of Type 2 diabetes: a meta‐analysis of full ROC curves
Authors: Hoyer A. , Rathmann W. , Kuss O. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimsThere is still debate on the optimal threshold for population‐based screening of diabetes (diagnosed by the oral glucose tolerance test) using tests like HbA1c or fasting plasma glucose. Meta‐analyses provide meaningful input in such situations. The aim of this article is to perform a meta‐analysis that includes the complete information reported in the individual studies of two existing systematic reviews.MethodsWe screened the individual studies from two systematic reviews and reconstructed the full four‐fold tables for every reported threshold. Using a recently proposed meta‐analysis model for the comparison of two diagnostic tests, we compared HbA1c with fasting plasma glucose, and estimated meta‐analytic receiver operating characteristic curves for both tests using the 11.1 mmol/l threshold of the 2‐h post‐challenge glucose level (2 h‐PG) as the gold standard.ResultsWe included nine studies from two existing systematic reviews in our analysis.Based on our data set, the optimal threshold lies between 42 and 44 mmol/mol (6.0–6.2%) for HbA1c, and 6.2–6.4 mmol/l for fasting plasma glucose choosing the Youden index as the technical criterion. In addition, we found that there is no relevant difference in the performance of HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose.ConclusionsIn our meta‐analysis, we found that the optimal threshold with reference to the 2 h‐PG should be chosen between 42 and 44 mmol/mol (6.0–6.2%) for HbA1c, and 6.2–6.4 mmol/l for fasting plasma glucose on the basis of maximal sensitivity and specificity.
Methylation‐based estimated biological age and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Lind Lars , Ingelsson Erik , Sundström Johan , Siegbahn Agneta , Lampa Erik 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundDNA methylation changes over life at specific sites in the genome, which can be used to estimate “biological age.” The aim of this population‐based longitudinal cohort study was to investigate the association between estimated biological age and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD).Materials and methodsBased on formulas published by Hannum et al and Horvath et al, “biological age” was calculated using data from the Illumina 450k Bead Methylation chip in 832 participants free from cardiovascular disease in the Prospective Study of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study (50% women, all aged 70 years at the examination). The difference between estimated biological and chronological age was calculated (DiffAge).ResultsDuring 10 years of follow‐up, 153 incident cases of cardiovascular disease occurred. In the sex‐adjusted analyses, the Horvath estimation of DiffAge was significantly related to incident cardiovascular disease (HR 1.040, 95% CI 1.010‐1.071, P = .0079). Thus, for each year of increased biological age, a 4% increased risk of future cardiovascular disease was observed. This relationship was still significant following adjustment for the traditional risk factors sex, BMI, diabetes, HDL and LDL‐cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and smoking (HR 1.033, 95% CI 1.004‐1.063, P = .024). No such significant association was found using the Hannum formula.ConclusionsDNA methylation‐based estimation of “biological age” per Horvath was associated with incident cardiovascular disease.
Health and social factors associated with a delayed discharge amongst inpatients in acute geriatric wards: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Moore George , Hartley Peter , Romero‐Ortuno Roman 
Published: December 2017

AimIn the English National Health Service there is an increasing interest in understanding the factors associated with delayed discharges in older hospitalized adults. The present study sought to analyze whether clinical frailty was a significant and independent risk factor for having a delayed discharge when the data were controlled for potential health and social confounders.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study in an English National Health Service teaching hospital. We analyzed all first hospitalization episodes to the Department of Medicine for the Elderly between 1 May 2016 and 31 July 2016. A delayed discharge was operationally defined as a patient being discharged more than 24 h after his/her last recorded clinically fit date.ResultsA total of 924 cases were analyzed. The independent risk factors for having a delayed discharge were: needing a new package of care (OR 4.05, 95% CI 2.68–6.10), new institutionalization (OR 2.78, 95% CI:1.67–4.62), living alone (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.40–2.81), delirium (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.17–2.74) and frailty (i.e. ≥5 on the Clinical Frailty Scale, OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.15–2.63).ConclusionsThe present results are consistent with previous reports that delayed discharges in older hospitalized patients are mainly related to new formal social care requirements in survivors of acute illness. Frailty was an independent risk factor for delay, but its effect might have been confounded by the unmeasured variable of informal care requirements. Our operational definition of delayed discharge does not mirror the legal definition of delayed transfer of care in England, and the results are not externally valid. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 530–537.
Clinical information seeking in traumatic brain injury: a survey of Veterans Health Administration polytrauma care team members
Authors: Hogan Timothy , Martinez Rachael , Evans Charlesnika , Saban Karen , Proescher Eric , Steiner Monica , Smith Bridget 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe polytraumatic nature of traumatic brain injury (TBI) makes diagnosis and treatment difficult.ObjectivesTo (1) characterise information needs among Veterans Health Administration (VHA) polytrauma care team members engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of TBI; (2) identify sources used for TBI related information; and (3) identify barriers to accessing TBI related information.MethodsCross‐sectional online survey of 236 VHA polytrauma care team members.ResultsMost respondents (95.8%) keep at least somewhat current regarding TBI, but 31.5% need more knowledge on diagnosing TBI and 51.3% need more knowledge on treating TBI. Respondents use VHA affiliated sources for information, including local colleagues (81.7%), VHA offsite conferences/meetings (78.3%) and onsite VHA educational offerings (73.6%); however, limited time due to administrative responsibilities (50.9%), limited financial resources (50.4%) and patient care (50.4%) were prominent barriers.DiscussionMedical librarians are in a unique position to develop information services, resources and other electronic tools that reflect the clinical context in which polytrauma care team members practice, and the different tasks they perform.ConclusionPolytrauma care team members could benefit from additional information regarding the diagnosis and treatment of TBI. Addressing their information needs and supporting their information seeking requires a mulit‐pronged approach to time and financial constraints.
FRENCH HISTORIANS AND COLLECTIVE VIOLENCE
Authors: ROBERTS PENNY 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTFrench historians and French history have dominated the study of early modern violence. This essay addresses why this is so and what has characterized French historians' approaches to collective violence in particular, whether in the form of popular revolt, confessional division, or revolutionary violence. It posits that historians are essentially uncomfortable in defending and explaining popular violence in the past, that they ought to address this issue more directly and not to establish too much cultural distance from their subjects in doing so. It concludes with some reflections on approaches to violence in the past and the present, how historians and others talk about and engage with violence, and how its treatment today should inform how historians address the challenges of writing the history of violence in the future.