bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concordance between stabilizing sexual selection, intraspecific variation, and interspecific divergence inPhymata
Authors: Punzalan David , Rowe Locke 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEmpirical studies show that lineages typically exhibit long periods of evolutionary stasis and that relative levels of within‐species trait covariance often correlate with the extent of between‐species trait divergence. These observations have been interpreted by some as evidence of genetic constraints persisting for long periods of time. However, an alternative explanation is that both intra‐ and interspecific variation are shaped by the features of the adaptive landscape (e.g., stabilizing selection). Employing a genus of insects that are diverse with respect to a suite of secondary sex traits, we related data describing nonlinear phenotypic (sexual) selection to intraspecific trait covariances and macroevolutionary divergence. We found support for two key predictions (1) that intraspecific trait covariation would be aligned with stabilizing selection and (2) that there would be restricted macroevolutionary divergence in the direction of stabilizing selection. The observed alignment of all three matrices offers a point of caution in interpreting standing variability as metrics of evolutionary constraint. Our results also illustrate the power of sexual selection for determining variation observed at both short and long timescales and account for the apparently slow evolution of some secondary sex characters in this lineage.
Timber harvest and drought interact to impact oak seedling growth and survival in the Central Hardwood Forest
Authors: Kellner Kenneth F. , Swihart Robert K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOak (Quercus) is a dominant component of the overstory in the Central Hardwood Forest region, but is currently failing to regenerate throughout much of its range. Loss of oak as a canopy dominant species would be devastating to the numerous species of wildlife that rely on acorns as a food resource. Intolerance to shade, competitive interactions, and herbivory (especially by deer) all contribute to oak regeneration failure by suppressing oak seedling growth and reducing survival. Timber harvest is one way to create light conditions favorable for shade‐intolerant oak seedlings, but other biotic factors, especially competition and herbivory, continue to play a role in oak seedling growth and survival following harvest. We experimentally planted oak seedlings in several timber harvesting treatments and under varying conditions of herbivory and interspecific competition to assess the relative importance of these drivers of early oak life history and their interaction with timber harvest. Overall, seedling survival over the 4‐yr study was negatively related to competition but not herbivory, and growth was negatively related to herbivory but not competition. Herbivore pressure was generally mild across the study area. Abiotic factors also played an important role: Severe drought during the first two growing seasons (2011–2012) had a negative effect on both growth and survival, especially for seedlings in harvest openings and on southwestern‐facing slopes (sites that should normally favor shade‐intolerant oak). Meanwhile, a partial harvesting technique (shelterwood harvest) increased available light for oak regeneration while appearing to buffer against the effects of the drought. More extreme weather conditions, brought on by climate change, will likely present challenges for forest managers seeking to regenerate oak via timber harvest. Phased harvesting systems like shelterwoods, in addition to their other advantages, may mitigate the impacts of drought while still encouraging oak seedling growth.
Mycorrhizal status helps explain invasion success of alien plant species
Authors: Menzel Andreas , Hempel Stefan , Klotz Stefan , Moora Mari , Pyšek Petr , Rillig Matthias C. , Zobel Martin , Kühn Ingolf 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIt is still debated whether alien plants benefit from being mycorrhizal, or if engaging in the symbiosis constrains their establishment and spread in new regions. We analyzed the association between mycorrhizal status of alien plant species in Germany and their invasion success. We compared whether the representation of species with different mycorrhizal status (obligate, facultative, or non‐mycorrhizal) differed at several stages of the invasion process. We used generalized linear models to explain the occupied geographical range of alien plants, incorporating interactions of mycorrhizal status with plant traits related to morphology, reproduction, and life‐history. Non‐naturalized aliens did not differ from naturalized aliens in the relative frequency of different mycorrhizal status categories. Mycorrhizal status significantly explained the occupied range of alien plants; with facultative mycorrhizal species inhabiting a larger range than non‐mycorrhizal aliens and obligate mycorrhizal plant species taking an intermediate position. Aliens with storage organs, shoot metamorphoses, or specialized structures promoting vegetative dispersal occupied a larger range when being facultative mycorrhizal. We conclude that being mycorrhizal is important for the persistence of aliens in Germany and constitutes an advantage compared to being non‐mycorrhizal. Being facultative mycorrhizal seems to be especially advantageous for successful spread, as the flexibility of this mycorrhizal status may enable plants to use a broader set of ecological strategies.
Systematic review of patient history and physical examination to diagnose chronic low back pain originating from the facet joints
Authors: Maas E.T. , Juch J.N.S. , Ostelo R.W.J.G. , Groeneweg J.G. , Kallewaard J.W. , Koes B.W. , Verhagen A.P. , Huygen F.J.P.M. , van Tulder M.W. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPatient history and physical examination are frequently used procedures to diagnose chronic low back pain (CLBP) originating from the facet joints, although the diagnostic accuracy is controversial. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of patient history and/or physical examination to identify CLBP originating from the facet joints using diagnostic blocks as reference standard. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and the Cochrane Collaboration database from inception until June 2016. Two review authors independently selected studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. We calculated sensitivity and specificity values, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Twelve studies were included, in which 129 combinations of index tests and reference standards were presented. Most of these index tests have only been evaluated in single studies with a high risk of bias. Four studies evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the Revel's criteria combination. Because of the clinical heterogeneity, results were not pooled. The published sensitivities ranged from 0.11 (95% CI 0.02–0.29) to 1.00 (95% CI 0.75–1.00), and the specificities ranged from 0.66 (95% CI 0.46–0.82) to 0.91 (95% CI 0.83–0.96). Due to clinical heterogeneity, the evidence for the diagnostic accuracy of patient history and/or physical examination to identify facet joint pain is inconclusive. Patient history and physical examination cannot be used to limit the need of a diagnostic block. The validity of the diagnostic facet joint block should be studied, and high quality studies are required to confirm the results of single studies.SignificancePatient history and physical examination cannot be used to limit the need of a diagnostic block. The validity of the diagnostic facet joint block should be studied, and high quality studies are required to confirm the results of single studies.
Preparation of non‐covalent Metalloporphyrin/C60 Composite and its Electrocatalysis to Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Zhu Jie , Gong Xiaojie , Zhang Mengdan , Zheng Chaoyue , Chen Naiwu , Sandford Graham , Wu Qiong , Huang Wei , Gao Deqing 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThree non‐covalent metallotetraphenylporphyrin/fullerene (MTPPS4 (M=Zn2+, Fe2+, Co2+)/C60) nanocomposites were prepared by π‐π molecular interaction and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy. Electrocatalytic studies indicated that the MTPPS4/C60 nanocomposites which were embedded in TOAB film on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) (TOAB/MTPPS4/C60/GCE) exhibited a high electrocatalytic activity for H2O2. MTPPS4 enhanced the electrocatalytic ability of C60 in the increasing order of TOAB/ZnTPPS4/C60/GCE, TOAB/FeTPPS4/C60/GCE and TOAB/CoTPPS4/C60/GCE. The measurement with the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) exhibited that there is a well‐defined linear relationship between the reduction currents and H2O2 concentrations in the range from 0.3 to 1.0 mM, with the detection limit of 0.07 mM at the TOAB/ZnTPPS4/C60/GCE electrode, of 0.08 mM at the TOAB/FeTPPS4/C60/GCE electrode, of 0.04 mM at the TOAB/CoTPPS4/C60/GCE electrode, respectively. The biosensors showed a good anti‐interfering ability towards glucose, ascorbic acid and L‐cysteine and a high potential practicality.
Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells that use an Aqueous Choline Chloride‐Based Deep Eutectic Solvent as Effective Electrolyte Solution
Authors: Boldrini Chiara Liliana , Manfredi Norberto , Perna Filippo Maria , Trifiletti Vanira , Capriati Vito , Abbotto Alessandro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) that use an aqueous (40 % w/w water content) choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent as an electrolyte medium have been investigated. The joint combination of the eutectic mixture and an appropriate hydrophilic sensitizer afforded a DSSC with a power conversion efficiency comparable to that using the same electrolyte composition but with conventional, toxic, and volatile solvents as the medium, which thereby paves the way to a new generation of eco‐friendly, nature‐inspired, low‐cost solar devices.
Flood‐driven topographic changes in a gravel‐cobble river over segment, reach, and morphological unit scales
Authors: Pasternack Gregory B. , Wyrick Joshua R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRegulated rivers generally incise below dams that cut off sediment supply, but how that happens and what the consequences are at different spatial scales is poorly understood. Modern topographic mapping at meter‐scale resolution now enables investigation of the details of spatial processes. In this study, spatial segregation was applied to a meter‐scale raster map of topographic change from 1999 to 2008 on the gravel‐cobble, regulated lower Yuba River in California to answer specific scientific questions about how a decadal hydrograph that included a flood peak of 22 times bankfull discharge affected the river at segment, reach, and morphological unit scales. The results show that the river preferentially eroded sediment from floodplains compared to the channel, and this not only promoted valley‐wide sediment evacuation, but also facilitated the renewal and differentiation of morphological units, especially in the channel. At the reach scale, area of fill and mean net rate of elevational change were directly correlated with better connectivity between the channel and floodplain, while the mean rate of scour in scour areas was influenced by the ratio of slope to bankfull Froude number, a ratio indicative of lateral migration versus vertical downcutting. Hierarchical segregation of topographic change rasters proved useful for understanding multi‐scalar geomorphic dynamics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total mercury and methylmercury concentrations over a gradient of contamination in earthworms living in rice paddy soil
Authors: Abeysinghe Kasun S. , Yang Xiao-Dong , Goodale Eben , Anderson Christopher W. N. , Bishop Kevin , Cao Axiang , Feng Xinbin , Liu Shengjie , Mammides Christos , Meng Bo , Quan Rui-Chang , Sun Jing , Qiu Guangle 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Mercury (Hg) deposited from emissions or from local contamination, can have serious health effects on humans and wildlife. Traditionally, Hg has been seen as a threat to aquatic wildlife, because of its conversion in suboxic conditions into bioavailable methylmercury (MeHg), but it can also threaten contaminated terrestrial ecosystems. In Asia, rice paddies in particular may be sensitive ecosystems. Earthworms are soil-dwelling organisms that have been used as indicators of Hg bioavailability; however, the MeHg concentrations they accumulate in rice paddy environments are not well known. Earthworm and soil samples were collected from rice paddies at progressive distances from abandoned mercury mines in Guizhou, China, and at control sites without a history of Hg mining. Total Hg (THg) and MeHg concentrations declined in soil and earthworms as distance increased from the mines, but the percentage of THg that was MeHg, and the bioaccumulation factors in earthworms, increased over this gradient. This escalation in methylation and the incursion of MeHg into earthworms may be influenced by more acidic soil conditions and higher organic content further from the mines. In areas where the source of Hg is deposition, especially in water-logged and acidic rice paddy soil, earthworms may biomagnify MeHg more than was previously reported. It is emphasized that rice paddy environments affected by acidifying deposition may be widely dispersed throughout Asia. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1202–1210. © 2016 SETAC
Improved network selection for multimedia applications
Authors: Munjal Meenakshi , Singh Niraj Pratap 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFifth generation mobile networks are being developed to compensate the explosive growth of data traffic and shortage of spectrum. Fifth generation networks consist of multi‐tier heterogeneous network in which multi cells and multi networks are involved. The heterogeneity of different classes of base station improves spectral efficiency and provides flexible coverage area. Hence, in the heterogeneous network environment, deciding to which one mobile should connect is called network selection problem. In this paper, network selection problem in heterogeneous network is simulated by multi attribute decision making algorithm, game theory, and prospect theory. Prospect theory is new in the field of network selection. The weights for different network attributes are computed by analytical hierarchical process, standard deviation, and entropy method. The 4 different applications, i.e., video, voice, web browsing, and email transfer are considered for which available bandwidth, packet jitter, packet loss, and cost per byte are taken as most important attributes, respectively. The weights for different applications are calculated by analytical hierarchical process method. The selection is done in environment composed of heterogeneous networks such as Wi‐Fi, WiMAX, WLAN, LTE, UMTS, and GPRS. So different networks are selected for different applications because only 1 network cannot fulfill the requirement of the all applications. The performance of different methods is shown in relative standard deviation and accuracy. Prospect theory gives the maximum values of relative standard deviation and accuracy.
A Novel Ni/YSZ Anode Image Segmentation Method for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrodes Microstructure
Authors: Fu X. , Xiang Y. , Chen L. , Xu X. , Li X. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFor the three‐phase identification of solid oxide cuel cell (SOFC) electrode, this paper presents a novel segmentation method based on gaussian mixture model (GMM) for YSZ/Ni anode optical microscopy (OM) images. A coarseness‐entropy adaptive factor is defined to incorporate the spatial information based on markov random field (MRF) into GMM. Furthermore, the proposed method can obtain the trade‐off between robustness to noise and effectiveness of preserving the details. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the compared method on three‐phase microstructure identification. It can provide reliable foundation for the quantification of SOFC microstructure parameters.
Gleinalm Motorway Tunnel – 2nd tube logistical challenges / Gleinalmtunnel – Neubau der zweiten Röhre
Authors: Sellner Peter J. , Sonnleitner Herbert 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn 2013 Asfinag published the tender for the construction of the second tube of the Gleinalm Tunnel. The tunnel is situated in hard rocks (gneiss) and the tender design contained excavation works realized by “drill and blast” in a top heading, bench and invert sequence. Additionally to this tender design, technical alternatives were allowed. One of the tenderers, the later contractor, offered both, a concept according to the tender and an alternative excavation concept including full face excavation by drill and blast. This alternative was based on considerations and experience the tenderer had gained from the construction works of the first tube in the early 1970s presuming optimal full face excavation conditions over wide areas of the tunnel and thus reducing time and costs. Due to these economic advantages and the low cost risk the owner finally commissioned the alternative. Minimizing the blasting vibration of the full face excavation on the nearby running tube, which was operated without any disturbance, was only one of the challenges of the project. In terms of logistics the supply of the excavation works with air and support materials as well as the huge mucking volume to be transported were identified as limiting factors.Das im Jahr 2013 ausgeschriebene Vortriebskonzept für die zweite Röhre des Gleinalmtunnels hat den Ausbruch grundsätzlich als Sprengvortrieb in den Teilquerschnitten Kalotte, Strosse und Sohle vorgesehen, jedoch auch technische Alternativen zugelassen. Durch die später beauftragte Bietergemeinschaft wurde neben dem Hauptangebot auch eine Alternative eingereicht, die über weite Bereiche des Tunnels den Sprengvortrieb im Vollausbruch beinhaltet, und auf geologischen und geotechnischen Überlegungen beruht. Aufgrund der Wirtschaftlichkeit und Kostensicherheit wurde die Alternative beauftragt. Die Minimierung von Sprengerschütterungen im Zuge des Vollausbruchs im Zusammenhang mit der parallel verlaufenden und in Betrieb befindlichen Bestandsröhre stellt nur eine Herausforderung dar, die es zu bewältigen galt. Logistisch gesehen befand sich die Versorgung der Vortriebe im Grenzbereich des Machbaren.
How do we enhance undergraduate healthcare education in dementia? A review of the role of innovative approaches and development of the Time for Dementia Programme
Authors: Banerjee Sube , Farina Nicolas , Daley Stephanie , Grosvenor Wendy , Hughes Leila , Hebditch Molly , Mackrell Sophie , Nilforooshan Ramin , Wyatt Chris , de Vries Kay , Haq Inam , Wright Juliet 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTraditional healthcare education, delivered through a series of time‐limited clinical placements, often fails to deliver an understanding of the experiences of those with long‐term conditions, a growing issue for healthcare systems. Responses include longitudinal integrated clerkships and senior mentor programmes allowing students' longer placements, continuity of contact and opportunities to learn about chronic illness and patient experience. We review their development and delivery in dementia and present the Time for Dementia (TFD) Programme, a novel 2‐year interdisciplinary educational programme.DesignThe study design involves a scoping review of enhanced placements in dementia for healthcare professionals in training including longitudinal integrated clerkships and senior mentor programmes and a case study of the development of TFD and its evaluation.ResultsEight enhanced programmes in dementia were identified and seven in the USA. None were compulsory and all lasted 12 months. All reported positive impact from case study designs but data quality was weak. Building on these, TFD was developed in partnership between the Alzheimer's Society, universities and NHS and made a core part of the curriculum for medical, nursing and paramedic students. Students visit a person with dementia and their family in pairs for 2 h every 3 months for 2 years. They follow a semi‐structured interaction guide focusing on experiences of illness and services and complete reflective appraisals.ConclusionsWe need interprofessional undergraduate healthcare education that enables future healthcare professionals to be able to understand and manage the people with the long‐term conditions who current systems often fail. TFD is designed to help address this need. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Human myeloid inhibitory C‐lectin: a highly specific and stable acute myeloid leukemia marker
Authors: Eissa Deena Samir , Kandeel Eman Zaghloul , Ghareeb Mohamed 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor because of relapses occurring on conventional chemotherapy. The distinction between leukemic and normal stem cells relies on the expression of antigen combinations defining leukemia‐associated immunophenotypes (LAIPs), which are absent or extremely infrequent in normal bone marrow. However, LAIPs are very different from patient to patient and are not necessarily stable over the course of the disease. Accordingly, we addressed the applicability of human myeloid inhibitory C‐lectin (hMICL) by flow cytometry as a specific leukemic myeloid stem cell marker for the diagnosis of AML in CD34+ and CD34− cases and evaluated the stability of hMICL during the course of the disease. hMICL expression was assessed in 78 bone marrow aspirate specimens obtained from AML patients at diagnosis (n = 40), complete remission (CR) (n = 28), and relapse (n = 10). AML patients at diagnosis were compared to 20 newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients and 20 healthy controls. hMICL was reevaluated in CR and relapse specimens. hMICL was expressed in 100% AML patients at diagnosis (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 60.3 ± 19.9%), both CD34+ and CD34−, but not in ALL (mean ± SD, 3.3 ± 1.9%) or healthy controls (mean ± SD, 3.4 ± 2.6%) (P < .001). hMICL median fluorescence intensity ratio was higher in AML (mean ± SD, 15.9 ± 11.7) compared to ALL (mean ± SD, 4.5 ± 1.4) and healthy controls (mean ± SD, 4.4 ± 1.6) (P < .001). hMICL was expressed in all studied AML morphologic subtypes. Preserved stable expression of hMICL was found in CR and relapse specimens with no antigen loss. hMICL is a robust pan‐AML‐associated antigen with excellent diagnostic impact, extreme specificity to AML blasts, and stability throughout the course of the disease. hMICL could be incorporated into the routine flow cytometry setting within the initial diagnostic work‐up and follow‐up of AML.