bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Firm Elevation of Reconstructed Auricle Using Polydactyly Digit in Microtia
Authors: Jang Suk Yoon , Kim Woo Seob , Kim Han Koo , Bae Tae Hui 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Total ear reconstruction for microtia is usually accomplished in 2 stages which is known as Nagata technique. After framework fabrication and implantation, the elevation procedure is required as a second step surgery. The authors are introducing a novel material for augmenting projection of rib cartilage framework in microtia treatment.
Institutional complexity and sustainable supply chain management practices
Authors: Sayed Maysara , Hendry Linda C. , Zorzini Bell Marta 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of institutional pressures, institutional logics and institutional complexity on Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) practices across mixed public and private sector supply chains.

Design/methodology/approach
Multi-case study data were collected from three tiers of food and catering supply chains: the customer/consumer tier; focal public sector UK Universities; and private sector suppliers/contractors.

Findings
The findings indicate that: normative and mimetic pressures are more prevalent in focal Universities, compared to suppliers; there is typically no single dominant logic across these supply chains; and the multiplicity of institutional logics (e.g. sustainability logic versus financial logic) increases institutional complexity. Therefore, in the typical case of homogeneity in terms of institutional pressures and logics, e.g. with a dominant sustainability logic throughout the supply chain, radical change in SSCM practices is facilitated. In contrast, in the more typical case when there is heterogeneity, with competing logics at different supply chain tiers, this limits SSCM to more incremental changes in practices.

Research limitations/implications
This study is limited to three tiers of the food and catering supply chains of UK Universities.

Practical implications
To aid in the successful implementation of SSCM, this study suggests a need for managers to develop an initial understanding of the prevailing institutional logics and pressures at different tiers of the supply chain.

Social implications
A number of the SSCM practices studied address social sustainability.

Originality/value
No previous studies have empirically investigated the impact of institutional complexity in the context of SSCM practices across supply chains, involving both mixed public and private sector organisations.
Exposure to predicted precipitation patterns decreases population size and alters community structure of cyanobacteria in biological soil crusts from the Chihuahuan Desert
Authors: Fernandes Vanessa M.C. , Machado de Lima Náthali Maria , Roush Daniel , Rudgers Jennifer , Collins Scott L. , Garcia‐Pichel Ferran 
Published: November 2017

SummaryCyanobacteria typically colonize the surface of arid soils, building biological soil crust (biocrusts) that provide a variety of ecosystem benefits, ranging from fertilization to stabilization against erosion. We investigated how future scenarios in precipitation anticipated for the Northern Chihuahuan Desert affected abundance and composition of biocrust cyanobacteria in two grassland ecosystems. Scenarios included a decrease in precipitation and a delay of monsoon rainfall. After three years, both treatments negatively affected cyanobacteria, although the effects of monsoon delay were milder than those of decreased precipitation. Mature biocrusts in black grama grassland suffered severe losses in cyanobacterial biomass and diversity, but compositionally simpler biocrusts in blue grama‐dominated grassland maintained biomass, only suffering diversity losses. This could be partially explained by the differential sensitivity of cyanobacterial taxa: nitrogen‐fixing Scytonema spp. were the most sensitive, followed by phylotypes in the Microcoleus steenstrupii complex. Microcoleus vaginatus was the least affected in all cases, but is known to be very sensitive to warming. We predict that altered precipitation will tend to prevent biocrusts from reaching successional maturity, selecting for M. vaginatus over competing M. steenstrupii, among pioneer biocrust‐formers. A shift towards heat‐sensitive M. vaginatus could ultimately destabilize biocrusts when precipitation changes are combined with global warming.
Thermoacclimation and genome adaptation of the membrane lipidome in marine Synechococcus
Authors: Pittera Justine , Jouhet Juliette , Breton Solène , Garczarek Laurence , Partensky Frédéric , Maréchal Éric , Nguyen Ngoc A. , Doré Hugo , Ratin Morgane , Pitt Frances D. , Scanlan David J. , Six Christophe 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe marine cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus are important primary producers, displaying a wide latitudinal distribution that is underpinned by diversification into temperature ecotypes. The physiological basis underlying these ecotypes is poorly known. In many organisms, regulation of membrane fluidity is crucial for acclimating to variations in temperature. Here, we reveal the detailed composition of the membrane lipidome of the model strain Synechococcus sp. WH7803 and its response to temperature variation. Unlike freshwater strains, membranes are almost devoid of C18, mainly containing C14 and C16 chains with no more than two unsaturations. In response to cold, we observed a rarely observed process of acyl chain shortening that likely induces membrane thinning, along with specific desaturation activities. Both of these mechanisms likely regulate membrane fluidity, facilitating the maintenance of efficient photosynthetic activity. A comprehensive examination of 53 Synechococcus genomes revealed clade‐specific gene sets regulating membrane lipids. In particular, the genes encoding desaturase enzymes, which is a key to the temperature stress response, appeared to be temperature ecotype‐specific, with some of them originating from lateral transfers. Our study suggests that regulation of membrane fluidity has been among the important adaptation processes for the colonization of different thermal niches by marine Synechococcus.
Regulation of cysteine residues in LsrB proteins from Sinorhizobium meliloti under free‐living and symbiotic oxidative stress
Authors: Tang Guirong , Xing Shenghui , Wang Sunjun , Yu Liangliang , Li Xuan , Staehelin Christian , Yang Menghua , Luo Li 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe development of legume nitrogen‐fixing nodules is regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by symbionts. Several regulators from Rhizobium are involved in ROS sensing. In a previous study, we found that Sinorhizobium meliloti LsrB regulates lipopolysaccharide production and is associated with H2O2 accumulation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) nodules. However, its underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report that the cysteine residues in LsrB are required for adaptation to oxidative stress, gene expression, alfalfa nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Moreover, LsrB directly activated the transcription of lrp3 and gshA (encoding γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase, responsible for glutathione synthesis) and this regulation required the cysteine (Cys) residues in the LsrB substrate‐binding domain. The Cys residues could sense oxidative stress via the formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds, generating LsrB dimers and LsrB‐DNA complexes. Among the Cys residues, C238 is a positive regulatory site for the induction of downstream genes, whereas C146 and C275 play negative roles in the process. The lsrB mutants with Cys‐to‐Ser substitutions displayed altered phenotypes in respect to their adaptation to oxidative stress, nodulation and nitrogen fixation‐related plant growth. Our findings demonstrate that S. meliloti LsrB modulates alfalfa nodule development by directly regulating downstream gene expression via a post‐translational strategy.
Catabolic task division between two near‐isogenic subpopulations co‐existing in a herbicide‐degrading bacterial consortium: consequences for the interspecies consortium metabolic model
Authors: Albers Pieter , Lood Cédric , Özturk Basak , Horemans Benjamin , Lavigne Rob , van Noort Vera , De Mot René , Marchal Kathleen , Sanchez‐Rodriguez Aminael , Springael Dirk 
Published: November 2017

SummaryVariovorax sp. WDL1 mediates hydrolysis of the herbicide linuron into 3,4‐dichloroaniline (DCA) and N,O‐dimethylhydroxylamine in a tripartite bacterial consortium with Comamonas testosteroni WDL7 and Hyphomicrobium sulfonivorans WDL6. Although strain WDL1 contains the dcaQTA1A2B operon for DCA oxidation, this conversion is mainly performed by WDL7. Phenotypic diversification observed in WDL1 cultures and scrutiny of the WDL1 genome suggest that WDL1 cultures consist of two dedicated subpopulations, i.e., a linuron‐hydrolysing subpopulation (Lin + DCA‐) and a DCA‐oxidizing subpopulation (Lin‐DCA+). Whole genome analysis of strains representing the respective subpopulations revealed that they are identical, aside from the presence of hylA (in Lin + DCA‐ cells) and the dcaQTA1A2B gene cluster (in Lin‐DCA+ cells), and that these catabolic gene modules replace each other at exactly the same locus on a 1380 kb extra‐chromosomal element that shows plasmid gene functions including genes for transferability by conjugation. Both subpopulations proliferate in consortium biofilms fed with linuron, but Lin + DCA‐ cells compose the main WDL1 subpopulation. Our observations instigated revisiting the interactions within the consortium and suggest that the physical separation of two essential linuron catabolic gene clusters in WDL1 by mutually exclusive integration in the same mobile genetic element is key to the existence of WDL1 in a consortium mode.
Integration of Non‐market and Market Activities in Cross‐border Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: Ahammad Mohammad F. , Tarba Shlomo Y. , Frynas Jedrzej George , Scola Andrew 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDrawing on resource dependence theory and the resource‐based view, we investigate the interactions between market and non‐market activities of firms in the context of the post‐merger integration phase in cross‐border mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Based on a cross‐country survey of 111 M&A practitioners who were personally involved in cross‐border M&As around the world, we test seven hypotheses on various market and non‐market aspects of post‐merger integration. We find a positive correlation between buffering strategies and adaptive capabilities in the non‐market environment and between bridging and adaptive capabilities in the market environment. However, we could not find any significant correlation between buffering and adaptive capabilities in the market environment and bridging and adaptive capabilities in the non‐market environment. We also find that adaptability in the non‐market environment is positively correlated with adaptability in the market environment, and in turn adaptability in the market environment leads to positive organizational performance of a cross‐border M&A. These results provide further support for the value of the alignment between market and non‐market activities and help to fill a gap in the literature on the market−non‐market interactions in post‐merger integration.
Integrating Social and Political Strategies as Forms of Reciprocal Exchange into the Analysis of Corporate Governance Modes
Authors: Boddewyn Jean J. , Buckley Peter J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe concept and theory of reciprocity provide fruitful ways of integrating social and political strategies because both involve donating valuable resources to non‐market recipients – mainly non‐governmental organizations, politicians and regulators – who are not contractually bound to reciprocate although a return is normally expected. Besides, we interpret the use of non‐contractual reciprocity through relational‐models theory and transaction‐cost economics. The former offers a model of ‘equality‐matching’ that corresponds to reciprocity while transaction‐cost economics’ criteria of uncertainty, frequency and asset specificity can be applied to non‐contractual relationships in order to determine their efficiency. We also differentiate reciprocity from bribery and offer research implications of the fact that goods can be obtained from others without using transactions.
Home‐institutional Imprinting and Lobbying Expenditure of Foreign Firms: Moderating Effects of Experience and Technological Intensity
Authors: Shirodkar Vikrant , Konara Palitha , McGuire Steven 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe issue of whether a firm's ‘home’ environment influences its non‐market activities in a ‘host’ country is being increasingly discussed in the international business literature. In this paper, we use institutional and organizational imprinting theories to argue that multinational enterprises (MNEs) founded in countries with stronger regulatory institutions are likely to spend more on lobbying in a host country compared to MNEs founded in countries with weaker regulatory institutions. We also argue that this effect is moderated by the MNE's overall experience, its experience within the host country and its technological intensity. We test our hypotheses using a sample of 378 foreign MNEs (among the largest 500) operating in the USA, spanning the eight year period 2006−2013, and representing 29 home countries. Our results support our hypothesis on the relationship between home‐institutional imprinting and overseas lobbying expenditure, as described above. Our results also support our arguments that MNEs’ overall experience and technological intensity reduce the imprinting effect of home institutions on lobbying expenditure; however, our moderating effect of host‐country experience on this relationship is not supported.
Chemical, Physiochemical, and Microstructural Properties, and Probiotic Survivability of Fermented Goat Milk Using Polymerized Whey Protein and Starter Culture Kefir Mild 01
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Cuina , Wang Mu , Guo Mingruo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA set‐type fermented goat milk (FGM) using polymerized whey protein (PWP) as main thickening agent and Kefir Mild 01 as starter culture was developed. The FGM with PWP (0.3%, w/v) and pectin (0.2%, w/v) had low syneresis (5.44 ± 0.92%), desirable viscosity (952.86 ± 61.52 mPa⋅s), and hardness (112.57 ± 3.23 g), which were comparable to a fermented cow milk. Sensory evaluation data showed that the FGM with PWP and pectin had higher scores of both flavor (4.41 ± 0.39) and taste (3.72 ± 0.34) than the sample without PWP. Chemical composition of both fermented goat and cow milk were analyzed. The protein content of goat and cow milk samples were 3.50% ± 0.12% and 3.28% ± 0.09% (w/w), respectively. Lactobacillus acidophilus population in both FGM samples remained above 106 CFU/g during the 1st 4‐wk storage. There was a slight but no significant (P > 0.05) decrease in pH and TA during storage. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs displayed a compact and homogeneous protein network of the FGM with PWP and pectin. Polymerized whey protein may be a novel protein‐based thickening agent for formulation of a set‐type FGM with starter culture Kefir Mild 01.Practical ApplicationFermented goat milk is an increasingly popular dairy product in the world. However, it is difficult to make set type fermented goat milk due to the smaller size and lower content of casein micelles in goat milk. A fermented goat milk with PWP (0.3%, w/v) and pectin (0.2%, w/v) was successfully developed in this study. The product fermented by Kefir Mild 01 starter culture had a similar taste with Kefir but no yeast or alcoholic exists. The new product would be a promising food in the market.
Topical Tranexamic Acid Compared With Anterior Nasal Packing for Treatment of Epistaxis in Patients Taking Antiplatelet Drugs: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zahed Reza , Mousavi Jazayeri Mohammad Hossain , Naderi Asieh , Naderpour Zeinab , Saeedi Morteza 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated the efficacy of topical application of the injectable form of tranexamic acid (TXA) compared with anterior nasal packing (ANP) for the treatment of epistaxis in patients taking antiplatelet drugs (aspirin, clopidogrel, or both) who presented to the emergency department (ED).MethodsA randomized, parallel‐group clinical trial was conducted at two EDs. A total of 124 participants were randomized to receive topical TXA (500 mg in 5 mL) or ANP, 62 patients per group. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients in each group whose bleeding had stopped at 10 minutes. Secondary outcomes were the rebleeding rate at 24 hours and 1 week, ED length of stay (LOS), and patient satisfaction.ResultsWithin 10 minutes of treatment, bleeding was stopped in 73% of the patients in the TXA group, compared with 29% in the ANP group (difference = 44%, 95% confidence interval, 26% to 57%; p < 0.001). Additionally, rebleeding was reported in 5 and 10% of patients during the first 24 hours in the TXA and the ANP groups, respectively. At 1 week, 5% of patients in the TXA group and 21% of patients in the ANP group had experienced recurrent bleeding (p = 0.007). Patients in the TXA group reported higher satisfaction scores (median [interquartile range {IQR}], 9 [8–9.25]) compared with the ANP group (median [IQR] = 4 [3–5]; p < 0.001). Discharge from the ED in <2 hours was achieved in 97% of patients in the TXA group versus 13% in the ANP group (p < 0.001). There were no adverse events reported in either group.ConclusionsIn our study population, epistaxis treatment with topical application of TXA resulted in faster bleeding cessation, less rebleeding at 1 week, shorter ED LOS, and higher patient satisfaction compared with ANP.
Low Inherent Sensitivity to the Intoxicating Effects of Ethanol in Rhesus Monkeys with Low CSF Concentrations of the Serotonin Metabolite 5‐Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid
Authors: Wood Elizabeth K. , Kruger Ryno , Bennion Angus , Cooke Bradley M. , Lindell Stephen , Schwandt Melanie , Goldman David , Barr Christina S. , Suomi Stephen J. , Higley James Dee 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundType 2 alcoholism is characterized by low serotonin system functioning and has a high degree of heritability, with offspring of alcoholics often showing a reduced response to the intoxicating effects of ethanol (EtOH), which is thought to be marker for future alcohol use disorders (AUDs). As such, an important aim of studies investigating the origins of AUDs is to understand the relationship between serotonin system functioning and level of intoxication. A nonhuman primate model was used to evaluate observational ratings of sensitivity to EtOH and to further investigate the relationship between central serotonin activity and behavioral response to EtOH.MethodsCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) were obtained from 4 cohorts of alcohol‐naïve, adolescent rhesus macaques (N = 82, 45 females, 37 males). One to 3 months after the CSF sample, subjects were administered a standardized intravenous EtOH bolus (males: 2.1 g/kg body weight, females: 2.0 g/kg body weight), placed into an open‐top, clear plexiglass chamber suspended from the ceiling, and their latency to escape was recorded as a measure of the degree of intoxication. Thereafter, subjects were rated using a Likert scale for the degree of intoxication during a 30‐minute observation period.ResultsOur results indicate that latency to escape from the chamber was associated with intoxication ratings (p = 0.0009) following the standardized intravenous administration of EtOH. Low CSF 5‐HIAA concentrations predicted short escape latency (p = 0.007) and were associated with low intoxication ratings (p = 0.02), indicating that low central nervous system (CNS) serotonin functioning is related to relative insensitivity to the intoxicating effects of alcohol.ConclusionsOur study shows that, in monkeys exposed to alcohol for the first time, objective measures of intoxication are associated with subjective ratings for intoxication, and both were associated with CSF 5‐HIAA concentrations. Our data confirm and extend the finding that low CNS serotonin functioning is predictive of intrinsic low sensitivity to the intoxicating effects of EtOH.
Reconstructive options for large back free flap donor sites
Authors: Azizeddin Arshia , Choong Peter F. M. , Grinsell Damien 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundReconstruction of posterior thoracic and trunk defects can prove challenging even to the most seasoned surgeons. Many commonly used techniques for closing back defects include primary closure and split skin grafts. Often times, however, other techniques are needed in order to give the patient the best aesthetic and functional outcome. In this study, we focus on and evaluate donor site closure techniques for defects in the back created by harvesting scapular and parascapular flaps.MethodsTwenty patients were operated on to remove pathologically diagnosed sarcomas using a wide local excision. The defects, ranging from 5 to 22 cm in width, were closed using donor flaps from the scapular/parascapular region. Nine donor sites were then closed primarily with wide undermining, while 11 donor sites were closed using multiple techniques, such as large transposition flaps, large rotation advancement flaps, keystone neurovascular island flaps, latissimus dorsi advancement flap and large Y‐V advancement flaps.ResultsAll recipient and donor flaps survived with good aesthetic and functional outcome. Patient satisfaction was high and only two of 20 donor site flaps required further surgery due to wound dehiscence. No other complications were seen during the follow‐up period.ConclusionThe proposed advanced techniques for donor site closure in back defects have shown that primary wound healing can be achieved with the use of a variety of different techniques and the avoidance of the complications of a skin graft.
Safety of single‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis
Authors: Byun Geon Young , Lee Sung Ryul , Koo Bum Hwan 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundSingle‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) is a common procedure performed worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of SILC for acute cholecystitis.MethodsPatients who underwent SILC between September 2012 and December 2016 were retrospectively enrolled and divided into acute and chronic groups. Demographic, operative and outcome data were obtained by reviewing medical records, physical examination and telephone follow‐up.ResultsIn total, 1435 patients were included in this study: 220 (15.3%) in the acute group and 1215 (84.7%) in the chronic group. The mean operative time was longer in the acute group than in the chronic group (44.7 ± 21.6 versus 32.8 ± 9.8 min; P < 0.001). Insertion of additional ports was performed in 17 patients: six in the acute group and 11 in the chronic group. Conversion to abdominal laparotomy was performed in eight patients: one in the acute group and seven in the chronic group. The mean post‐operative hospital stay was 31.7 ± 20.4 h in the acute group and 27.7 ± 13.7 h in the chronic group. The complication rate was similar between the acute (n = 8, 3.6%) and chronic (n = 33, 2.7%) groups.ConclusionSILC does not increase the complication rate and is a safe and feasible technique for both chronic and acute cholecystitis.