bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Europe's Mea Culpa: A Global Economy Gone Mad or a Crisis of Our Own Making?
Authors: Raviv Or 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMuch of the existing literature on the current financialized era of capitalism is guilty of essentializing the US experience. The methodological implication of this conceptual starting point has been that financialization in Europe was, and still is, generally assessed in comparative terms against the yardstick of US developments. This limitation obscures from view the unique trajectory of European finance‐led innovation, and consequently, the extent to which European economies have become vulnerable to financial instability and crisis. To remedy this, the present article investigates the micro‐foundations of European financialization in the lead‐up to the 2007–2008 global financial crisis to uncover the reasons for the surprising severity and persistence of financial instability in Europe. The article argues that while the institutions, actors and practices underpinning European financialization may differ markedly from those in the US, the former were nevertheless at once reconstituted by, and constitutive of, the continuous global process of finance‐led restructuring. This work offers insights that go beyond the specificities of European financial capitalism. It facilitates a more nuanced approach to banking and macroprudential policy reform in Europe as well as encourages further research into the financialization of accumulation in other national and regional contexts.
Perforating and deep lymphatic vessels in the knee region: an anatomical study and clinical implications
Authors: Pan Wei‐Ren , Zeng Fan‐Qiang , Wang De‐Guang , Qiu Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundTo determine the relationship between the perforating and deep lymphatic vessels in the knee region for clinical implications.MethodsFour lower limbs from two unembalmed human cadavers were used. Under a surgical microscope, 6% hydrogen peroxide was employed to detect lymph vessels accompanying the small saphenous vein, anterior tibial, posterior tibial and fibular blood vessels all commencing from distal ends of specimens. Each lymphatic vessel was inserted by a 30‐gauge needle and injected with a barium sulphate mixture. Each specimen was dissected, radiographed and photographed to determine the perforating and deep lymphatic vessels in the region.ResultsA perforating lymph vessel was observed in the popliteal fossa of each specimen. It arose from the superficial popliteal lymph node and terminated in the deep popliteal lymph node. The anterior tibial, posterior tibial and peroneal lymph vessels were discovered in the region travelling with the corresponding vascular bundles. After penetrating the vascular aperture of the interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula, the anterior tibial lymph vessel entered directly into the deep popliteal lymph node or converged to either the posterior tibial or fibular lymph vessel, before entering the node. The posterior tibial and peroneal lymph vessels entered the deep popliteal lymph node. The efferent lymph vessel of the deep popliteal lymph node travelled with the femoral vascular bundle.ConclusionThe perforating and deep lymphatic vessels in the knee region has been presented and discussed. The information advances our anatomical knowledge and the results will benefit clinical management.
Optical Dynamic Analysis of Thrombus Inside a Centrifugal Blood Pump During Extracorporeal Mechanical Circulatory Support in a Porcine Model
Authors: Fujiwara Tatsuki , Sakota Daisuke , Ohuchi Katsuhiro , Endo Shu , Tahara Tomoki , Murashige Tomotaka , Kosaka Ryo , Oi Keiji , Mizuno Tomohiro , Maruyama Osamu , Arai Hirokuni 
Published: March 2017

AbstractComplications due to pump thrombus remain the weak point of mechanical circulatory support (MCS), such as the use of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, leading to poor outcomes. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is an effective imaging method using a hyperspectral (HS) camera, which comprises a spectrophotometer and a charge‐coupled device camera to discriminate thrombus from whole blood. Animal experiments were conducted to analyze dynamic imaging of thrombus inside a prototype of a hydrodynamically levitated centrifugal blood pump using an HSI system. Six pigs were divided into a venous circulation group (n = 3) and an arterial circulation group (n = 3). Inflow and outflow cannulae were inserted into the jugular veins in the venous circulation group. The latter simulated an LVAD application. To create thrombogenic conditions, pump flow was maintained at 1 L/min without anticoagulation. An image of the bottom surface of the pump was captured by the HS camera every 4 nm over the wavelength range of 608–752 nm. Real‐time dynamic images of the inside of the pump were displayed on the monitor. Appearance of an area displaying thrombus was detected within 24 h after the start of the circulation in every experiment. This imaging system also succeeded in determining the origins of pump thrombus: from inside the pump in two cases, and from outside in four cases. Two main possible sources of pump thrombus originating outside the pump were identified on autopsy: wedge thrombus around the inflow cannula; and string‐like thrombus at the junction between the pump inlet and circuit tube. The results of this study from close observation of the changing appearance of pump thrombus may contribute to improvements in the safety of extracorporeal MCS.
The coming of age of a young subspecialty: paediatric hepatology
Authors: Németh Antal 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPaediatric hepatology dates from the 1970s and it is the youngest of the organ‐specific subspecialties. As then there have been impressive achievements in the fields of anatomical, metabolic, immunological and neoplastic diseases, and the advent of modern molecular biology has resulted in a marked increase in exact diagnoses. Liver transplants provided enormous stimulus for the discipline. Due to changing morbidity patterns, the discipline faces new challenges, such as environment‐ and lifestyle‐induced liver diseases, but different forms of chronic viral hepatitis are diminishing.Conclusion: High levels of competence require good clinical research, optimal results and a high degree of centralisation.
CGRP receptor activity in mice with global expression of human receptor activity modifying protein 1
Authors: Bohn Keegan J , Li Baolin , Huang Xiaofang , Mason Bianca N , Wattiez Anne‐Sophie , Kuburas Adisa , Walker Christopher S , Yang Peiyi , Yu Jianliang , Heinz Beverly A , Johnson Kirk W , Russo Andrew F 
Published: March 2017

Background and PurposeCGRP is a potent vasodilator and nociceptive neuropeptide linked to migraine. CGRP receptors are heterodimers of receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) and either calcitonin receptor‐like receptor (CLR; forms canonical CGRP receptor) or calcitonin receptor (CT receptor; forms AMY1 receptor). The goal of this study was to test whether transgenic mice globally expressing human RAMP1 have increased CGRP receptor activity and whether the receptors are sensitive to human selective antagonist telcagepant.Experimental ApproachcAMP production was measured in primary cultures of aortic smooth muscle and trigeminal ganglia neurons from global hRAMP1 mice and non‐transgenic littermates. Functional activity and inhibition were compared with clonal cell lines expressing combinations of CLR or CT receptors with RAMP1.Key ResultsCultured smooth muscle from global hRAMP1 mice had a 10‐fold greater CGRP‐induced cAMP maximal response (Rmax) than non‐transgenic littermates, with similar EC50s. In contrast, cultured trigeminal ganglia from global hRAMP1 mice had a 40‐fold leftward shift of the EC50, with similar Rmax values as littermates. In both hRAMP1 cultures, telcagepant blocked CGRP‐induced cAMP production, but was not effective in non‐transgenic cultures. IC50 values were closer to those observed for CT receptor/hRAMP1 than CLR/hRAMP1 in clonal cell lines.Conclusions and ImplicationsOverexpression of hRAMP1 increases CGRP signalling by changing the maximal response or ligand sensitivity, depending on tissue type. Furthermore, telcagepant inhibited transgenic hRAMP1 CGRP receptors, but the degree of inhibition suggests that the transgenic mice are only partially humanized or both canonical CGRP and AMY1 receptors are functional in trigeminal ganglia neurons and vascular smooth muscle.
Critically evaluating best management practices for preventing freshwater turtle extinctions
Authors: Spencer R.‐J. , Van Dyke J.U. , Thompson Michael B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEx situ conservation tools, such as captive breeding for reintroduction, are considered a last resort to recover threatened or endangered species, but they may also help reduce anthropogenic threats where it is difficult or impossible to address them directly. Headstarting, or captive rearing of eggs or neonate animals for subsequent release into the wild, is controversial because it treats only a symptom of a larger conservation problem; however, it may provide a mechanism to address multiple threats, particularly near population centers. We conducted a population viability analysis of Australia's most widespread freshwater turtle, Chelodina longicollis, to determine the effect of adult roadkill (death by collision with motor vehicles), which is increasing, and reduced recruitment through nest predation from introduced European red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). We also modeled management scenarios to test the effectiveness of headstarting, fox management, and measures to reduce mortality on roads. Only scenarios with headstarting from source populations eliminated all risks of extinction and allowed population growth. Small increases in adult mortality (2%) had the greatest effect on population growth and extinction risk. Where threats simultaneously affected other life‐history stages (e.g., recruitment), eliminating harvest pressures on adult females alone did not eliminate the risk of population extinction. In our models, one source population could supply enough hatchlings annually to supplement 25 other similar‐sized populations such that extinction was avoided. Based on our results, we believe headstarting should be a primary tool for managing freshwater turtles for which threats affect multiple life‐history stages. We advocate the creation of source populations for managing freshwater turtles that are greatly threatened at multiple life‐history stages, such as depredation of eggs by invasive species and adult mortality via roadkill.
Impact of mild to severe hemophilia on engagement in recreational activities by US men, women, and children with hemophilia B: The Bridging Hemophilia B Experiences, Results and Opportunities into Solutions (B‐HERO‐S) study
Authors: Baumann Kimberly , Hernandez Grace , Witkop Michelle , Peltier Skye , Dunn Spencer , Cutter Susan , Frick Neil , Haugstad Kimberly , Guelcher Christine , Frey Mary Jane , Rotellini Dawn , Clark David B. , Iyer Neeraj N. , Cooper David L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe psychosocial impact of hemophilia on activities was recently investigated in the Hemophilia Experiences, Results and Opportunities (HERO) study (675 people with hemophilia and 561 caregivers of children with hemophilia in 10 countries). The impact of hemophilia B may not be accurately reflected in the HERO results, as ~75% of respondents described issues affecting males with hemophilia A. To address the needs of this population, the Bridging Hemophilia B Experiences, Results and Opportunities Into Solutions (B‐HERO‐S) was developed as a pilot study in the United States in collaboration with the hemophilia community. The analysis reported here assessed engagement in recreational activities and changes to treatment regimens around activities as reported by 299 adults with hemophilia B and 150 caregivers of children with hemophilia B. Nearly all adults with hemophilia B (98%) experienced a negative impact on their participation in recreational activities due to hemophilia‐related issues, and most caregivers (90%) reported that hemophilia B had a negative impact on their child's engagement in recreational activities. One of the main reasons identified for discontinuing past activities was the risk of bruising or bleeding (adults/children with hemophilia B, 49%/41%). In particular, adults with hemophilia B reported a history of activity‐related bleeding, and most adults decreased their participation in high‐risk activities as they aged. Substantial percentages of adults and children with hemophilia B (including mild/moderate severity) altered their treatment regimens to accommodate planned activities. These findings may help inform guidelines for individualizing treatment regimens around participation in recreational activities based on hemophilia severity, baseline factor level, and activity risk and intensity.
Population genetic and field‐ecological analyses return similar estimates of dispersal over space and time in an endangered amphibian
Authors: Wang Ian J. , Shaffer H. Bradley 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe explosive growth of empirical population genetics has seen a proliferation of analytical methods leading to a steady increase in our ability to accurately measure key population parameters, including genetic isolation, effective population size, and gene flow, in natural systems. Assuming they yield similar results, population genetic methods offer an attractive complement to, or replacement of, traditional field‐ecological studies. However, empirical assessments of the concordance between direct field‐ecological and indirect population genetic studies of the same populations are uncommon in the literature. In this study, we investigate genetic isolation, rates of dispersal, and population sizes for the endangered California tiger salamander, Ambystoma californiense, across multiple breeding seasons in an intact vernal pool network. We then compare our molecular results to a previously published study based on multiyear, mark–recapture data from the same breeding sites. We found that field and genetic estimates of population size were only weakly correlated, but dispersal rates were remarkably congruent across studies and methods. In fact, dispersal probability functions derived from genetic data and traditional field‐ecological data were a significant match, suggesting that either method can be used effectively to assess population connectivity. These results provide one of the first explicit tests of the correspondence between landscape genetic and field‐ecological approaches to measuring functional population connectivity and suggest that even single‐year genetic samples can return biologically meaningful estimates of natural dispersal and gene flow.
Big in the benthos: Future change of seafloor community biomass in a global, body size‐resolved model
Authors: Yool Andrew , Martin Adrian P. , Anderson Thomas R. , Bett Brian J. , Jones Daniel O. B. , Ruhl Henry A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDeep‐water benthic communities in the ocean are almost wholly dependent on near‐surface pelagic ecosystems for their supply of energy and material resources. Primary production in sunlit surface waters is channelled through complex food webs that extensively recycle organic material, but lose a fraction as particulate organic carbon (POC) that sinks into the ocean interior. This exported production is further rarefied by microbial breakdown in the abyssal ocean, but a residual ultimately drives diverse assemblages of seafloor heterotrophs. Advances have led to an understanding of the importance of size (body mass) in structuring these communities. Here we force a size‐resolved benthic biomass model, BORIS, using seafloor POC flux from a coupled ocean‐biogeochemistry model, NEMO‐MEDUSA, to investigate global patterns in benthic biomass. BORIS resolves 16 size classes of metazoans, successively doubling in mass from approximately 1 μg to 28 mg. Simulations find a wide range of seasonal responses to differing patterns of POC forcing, with both a decline in seasonal variability, and an increase in peak lag times with increasing body size. However, the dominant factor for modelled benthic communities is the integrated magnitude of POC reaching the seafloor rather than its seasonal pattern. Scenarios of POC forcing under climate change and ocean acidification are then applied to investigate how benthic communities may change under different future conditions. Against a backdrop of falling surface primary production (−6.1%), and driven by changes in pelagic remineralization with depth, results show that while benthic communities in shallow seas generally show higher biomass in a warmed world (+3.2%), deep‐sea communities experience a substantial decline (−32%) under a high greenhouse gas emissions scenario. Our results underscore the importance for benthic ecology of reducing uncertainty in the magnitude and seasonality of seafloor POC fluxes, as well as the importance of studying a broader range of seafloor environments for future model development.
Characterization of plasma cholinesterase activity in the Eurasian Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus and its in vitro inhibition by carbamate pesticides
Authors: Oropesa Ana‐Lourdes , Sánchez Susana , Soler Francisco 
Published: March 2017

The legal and illegal use of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides represents one of many threats to birds. The activity of the cholinesterase enzyme in plasma is used as a non‐destructive biomarker to diagnose the exposure of birds to these pesticides. Scavengers are one of the most important bird groups threatened by the use of baits poisoned with anticholinesterase pesticides. Knowledge of the characteristics of this enzyme in each bird species is crucial, as several studies indicate that more than one cholinesterase form may be present in the plasma of birds. In this study, cholinesterase activity was characterized in the plasma of the Eurasian Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus by using several substrates and inhibitors of the enzyme, and its normal activity value was also determined. The in vitro sensitivity of Gyps fulvus plasma cholinesterase to carbamate insecticides (aldicarb, carbaryl and methomyl) was also investigated. The results indicated that propionylthiocholine iodide was the preferred substrate to determine plasma cholinesterase activity, followed by acetylcholine iodide and S‐butyrylcholine iodide, and acetylcholinesterase was the predominant enzymatic activity in Gyps fulvus plasma. Aldicarb was the most potent in vitro inhibitor of plasma cholinesterase activity in this species. However, cholinesterase enzymatic activity was significantly inhibited by all tested carbamates, providing further evidence that this biomarker is a suitable tool to monitor the exposure to these poisons in the field, highlighting its utility in conservation programmes.
Cutaneous surgery under local anesthesia in very elderly patients 90 years of age and older is as safe as in elderly patients ranging in age from 75 to 80 years old
Authors: Imamura Taichi , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Tanaka Ryota , Teramoto Yukiko , Asami Yuri , Maruyama Hiroshi , Fujisawa Yasuhiro , Fujimoto Manabu , Yamamoto Akifumi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe number of very elderly patients who require surgery for cutaneous tumors is increasing. However, there is limited information on the safety of cutaneous surgery in such patients.MethodsTo evaluate the safety of cutaneous surgery in patients 90 years of age and older, we retrospectively reviewed the elderly patients who underwent surgery for cutaneous tumors under local anesthesia. Consecutive patients 90 years of age and older and 75–80 years old were included in the elderly group and the control group.ResultsThe elderly and control groups included 104 and 106 patients, respectively. The mean age of the patients was 93.4 years (range, 90–101 years) in the elderly group and 77.4 years (range, 75–80 years) in the control group. The preoperative performance status was significantly worse in the elderly group than in the control group (P < 0.001). The surgical time was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.09). The occurrences of intraoperative and postoperative complications were not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.19 and P = 0.07, respectively).ConclusionsThe result of the present study indicates that cutaneous surgery for very elderly patients 90 years of age and older is as safe as for patients ranging in age from 75–80 years old.
Association of Proton Pump Inhibitors Usage with Risk of Pneumonia in Dementia Patients
Authors: Ho Sai‐Wai , Teng Ying‐Hock , Yang Shun‐Fa , Yeh Han‐Wei , Wang Yu‐Hsun , Chou Ming‐Chih , Yeh Chao‐Bin 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the association between usages of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and subsequent risk of pneumonia in dementia patients.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTaiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database.ParticipantsThe study cohort consisted of 786 dementia patients with new PPI usage and 786 matched dementia patients without PPI usage.MeasurementsThe study endpoint was defined as the occurrence of pneumonia. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the pneumonia risk. Defined daily dose methodology was applied to evaluate the cumulative and dose‐response relationships of PPI.ResultsIncidence of pneumonia was higher among patients with PPI usage (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.51–2.37). Cox model analysis also demonstrated that age (adjusted HR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.03–1.06), male gender (adjusted HR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.25–1.98), underlying cerebrovascular disease (adjusted HR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.04–1.62), chronic pulmonary disease (adjusted HR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.09–1.76), congestive heart failure (adjusted HR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.11–2.13), diabetes mellitus (adjusted HR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.22–1.95), and usage of antipsychotics (adjusted HR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.03–1.61) were independent risk factors for pneumonia. However, usage of cholinesterase inhibitors and histamine receptor‐2 antagonists were shown to decrease pneumonia risk.ConclusionPPI usage in dementia patients is associated with an 89% increased risk of pneumonia.
Use of RNA‐seq to determine variation in canine cytochrome P450 mRNA expression between blood, liver, lung, kidney and duodenum in healthy beagles
Authors: Visser M. , Weber K. , Rincon G. , Merritt D. 
Published: March 2017

RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) is a powerful tool for the evaluation and quantification of transcriptomes and expression patterns in animals, tissues, or pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the physiologic expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) mRNA transcripts in whole blood, kidney, duodenum, liver, and lung in healthy, adult male (n = 4) and female (n = 4) beagles via RNA‐seq. mRNA expression was above background (transcripts per million) for 45 canine CYPs, with liver, duodenum, and lung expressing a high number of xenobiotic metabolizing CYPs, while prominent endogenous metabolizing CYP expression was present in blood and kidney. The relative expression pattern of CYP2A13, 2B11, 2C21, 2D15, 2E1, 3A12, and 27A1 in liver, lung, and duodenum was verified through qPCR. This is the first global profiling of physiologic CYP mRNA expression in multiple canine tissues, providing a platform for further studies characterizing canine CYPs and changes in gene expression in disease states.