bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Family Diet Study: a cross‐sectional study into the associations between diet, food habits and body weight status in Malay families
Authors: Yang W. Y. , Burrows T. , MacDonald‐Wicks L. , Williams L. T. , Collins C. E. , Chee W. S. S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundChildhood obesity is becoming more common as Malaysia experiences rapid nutrition transition. Current evidence related to parental influences on child dietary intake and body weight status is limited. The present study aimed to report, among Malay families, the prevalence of energy mis‐reporting and dietary relationships within family dyads.MethodsThe cross‐sectional Family Diet Study (n = 236) was conducted at five primary schools in central of Peninsular Malaysia. Each family consisted of a Malay child, aged 8–12 years, and their main caregiver(s). Information on socio‐demographics, dietary intake and anthropometry were collected. Correlations and regression analyses were used to assess dietary relationships within family dyads.ResultsApproximately 29.6% of the children and 75.0% parents were categorised as being overweight or obese. Intakes of nutrients and food groups were below the national recommended targets for majority of children and adults. A large proportion of energy intake mis‐reporters were identified: mothers (55.5%), fathers (40.2%) and children (40.2%). Children's body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with parental BMI (fathers, r = 0.37; mothers, r = 0.34; P < 0.01). For dietary intakes, moderate‐to‐strong (0.35–0.72) and weak‐to‐moderate (0.16–0.35) correlations were found between mother–father and child–parent dyads, respectively. Multiple regression revealed that maternal percentage energy from fat (β = 0.09, P < 0.01) explained 81% of the variation in children's fat intake.ConclusionsClear parental dietary relationships, especially child–mother dyads, were found. Despite a significant proportion of families with members who were overweight or obese, the majority reported dietary intakes below recommended levels, distorted by energy mis‐reporting. The findings of the present study can inform interventions targeting parent–child relationships to improve family dietary patterns in Malaysia.
Evaluation of oxygen saturation values in different body positions in healthy individuals
Authors: Ceylan Burcu , Khorshid Leyla , Güneş Ülkü Yapucu , Zaybak Ayten 
Published: February 2016

Aims and objectivesThe research was conducted to evaluate oxygen saturation values measured in healthy individuals in different body positions.BackgroundChanges in position affect ventilation‐perfusion rates, oxygen transport and lung volume in normal lungs. There have been few studies and not enough information about which positioning of a healthy individual can increase oxygenation.DesignA descriptive study.MethodsA sample of 103 healthy individuals with no chronic disease, anaemia or pain was included in the research. Individuals were positioned in five different positions: sitting upright, supine position, prone position, lying on the left side and lying on the right side. Oxygen saturation and pulse rates were then measured and recorded after the individuals held each position for ten minutes.ResultsIt was found that the average oxygen saturation value when measured while sitting in an upright position in a chair was significantly higher than that measured when the individual was lying on the right or left side of the body. Oxygen saturation values measured in the five different body positions were significantly higher in women, in individuals below the age of 35, in those with Body Mass Indexes of below 25 kg/m2, and in nonsmokers.ConclusionAll of the oxygen saturation values measured in the five different body positions were in the normal range. Although oxygen saturation values were within the normal range in the five different body positions, post hoc analysis showed that the best oxygenation was in the ‘sitting upright’ position while the lowest oxygenation was in the supine position.Relevance to clinical practiceBased on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the differences among oxygen saturation values according to the different body positions were statistically significant.
Melatonin prevents cisplatin‐induced primordial follicle loss via suppression of PTEN/AKT/FOXO3a pathway activation in the mouse ovary
Authors: Jang Hoon , Lee Ok‐Hee , Lee Youngeun , Yoon Hyemin , Chang Eun Mi , Park Miseon , Lee Jeong‐Woong , Hong Kwonho , Kim Jung Oh , Kim Nam Keun , Ko Jung Jae , Lee Dong Ryul , Yoon Tae Ki , Lee Woo Sik , Choi Youngsok 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPremature ovarian failure (POF) is a major side effect of chemotherapy in young cancer patients. To develop pharmaceutical agents for preserving fertility, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms responsible for chemotherapy‐induced follicle loss. Here, we show that treatment with cisplatin, a widely used anticancer drug, depleted the dormant follicle pool in mouse ovaries by excessive activation of the primordial follicles, without inducing follicular apoptosis. Moreover, we show that co‐treatment with the antioxidant melatonin prevented cisplatin‐induced disruption of the follicle reserve. We quantified the various stages of growing follicles, including primordial, primary, secondary, and antral, to demonstrate that cisplatin treatment alone significantly decreased, whereas melatonin co‐treatment preserved, the number of primordial follicles in the ovary. Importantly, analysis of the PTEN/AKT/FOXO3a pathway demonstrated that melatonin significantly decreased the cisplatin‐mediated inhibitory phosphorylation of PTEN, a key negative regulator of dormant follicle activation. Moreover, melatonin prevented the cisplatin‐induced activating phosphorylation of AKT, GSK3β, and FOXO3a, all of which trigger follicle activation. Additionally, we show that melatonin inhibited the cisplatin‐induced inhibitory phosphorylation and nuclear export of FOXO3a, which is required in the nucleus to maintain dormancy of the primordial follicles. These findings demonstrate that melatonin attenuates cisplatin‐induced follicle loss by preventing the phosphorylation of PTEN/AKT/FOXO3a pathway members; thus, melatonin is a potential therapeutic agent for ovarian protection and fertility preservation during chemotherapy in female cancer patients.
Melatonin enhances mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in rats with carbon tetrachloride‐induced liver fibrosis
Authors: Kang Jung‐Woo , Hong Jeong‐Min , Lee Sun‐Mee 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLiver fibrosis leads to liver cirrhosis and failure, and no effective treatment is currently available. Growing evidence supports a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and liver fibrogenesis and mitochondrial quality control‐based therapy has emerged as a new therapeutic target. We investigated the protective mechanisms of melatonin against mitochondrial dysfunction‐involved liver fibrosis, focusing on mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Rats were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) dissolved in olive oil (0.5 mL/kg, twice a week, i.p.) for 8 wk. Melatonin was administered orally at 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg once a day. Chronic CCl4 exposure induced collagen deposition, hepatocellular damage, and oxidative stress, and melatonin attenuated these increases. Increases in mRNA and protein expression levels of transforming growth factor β1 and α‐smooth muscle actin in response to CCl4 were attenuated by melatonin. Melatonin attenuated hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction, such as mitochondrial swelling and glutamate dehydrogenase release. Chronic CCl4 exposure impaired mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, and melatonin attenuated this impairment, as indicated by increases in mitochondrial DNA and in protein levels of PTEN‐induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1); Parkin; peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α); nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1); and transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM). CCl4‐mediated decreases in mitochondrial fission‐ and fusion‐related proteins, such as dynamin‐related protein 1 (DRP1) and mitofusin 2, were also attenuated by melatonin. Moreover, melatonin induced AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. These results suggest that melatonin protects against liver fibrosis via upregulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, and may be useful as an anti‐fibrotic treatment.
PROP taster status, food preferences and consumption of high‐calorie snacks and sweet beverages among 6‐year‐old ethnically diverse children
Authors: Wijtzes Anne I. , Jansen Wilma , Bouthoorn Selma H. , Kiefte‐de Jong Jessica C. , Jansen Pauline W. , Franco Oscar H. , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Hofman Albert , Raat Hein 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA healthy diet is important for optimal growth and development in children. Food preferences are a main determinant of children's intake. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of 6‐n‐propylthiouracil (PROP) taster status (taste sensitivity to PROP) with children's food preferences and consumption of high‐calorie snacks and sweet beverages among ethnically diverse children. We analysed data from 5585 6‐year‐old children enrolled in the Generation R Study, a birth cohort study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. PROP taster status was evaluated using a suprathreshold screening solution. Food preferences of the children were assessed by a two‐stage protocol using photographs of eight food items (candy, chocolate, mayonnaise, whipped cream, soup, potato chips, carrot and bread), yielding both hedonic ratings (1–3) and rank order scores (1–8). Univariate and multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed, using tasters as the reference group. Non‐tasters had a slightly higher preference for carrots (β: −0.07; 95% CI: −0.13, −0.02 and β: −0.15; 95% CI: −0.27, −0.02 for hedonic ratings and rank order scores, respectively) and bread (hedonic ratings; β: −0.06; 95% CI: −0.11, −0.01) compared with tasters. No differences were found in children's preference for sweet, fat or salty food items. Furthermore, there were no associations of PROP taster status with the consumption of high‐calorie snacks ≥ 2 times/day (aOR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.91,1.24) or sweet beverages ≥ 3 glasses/day (aOR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.92,1.23). Other factors relating to the family food environment may be more important for young children's food preferences and consumption of high‐calorie snacks and sweet beverages than their innate taste sensitivity.
Selection against recombinant hybrids maintains reproductive isolation in hybridizing Populus species despite F1 fertility and recurrent gene flow
Authors: Christe Camille , Stölting Kai N. , Bresadola Luisa , Fussi Barbara , Heinze Berthold , Wegmann Daniel , Lexer Christian 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNatural hybrid zones have proven to be precious tools for understanding the origin and maintenance of reproductive isolation (RI) and therefore species. Most available genomic studies of hybrid zones using whole‐ or partial‐genome resequencing approaches have focused on comparisons of the parental source populations involved in genome admixture, rather than exploring fine‐scale patterns of chromosomal ancestry across the full admixture gradient present between hybridizing species. We have studied three well‐known European ‘replicate’ hybrid zones of Populus alba and P. tremula, two widespread, ecologically divergent forest trees, using up to 432 505 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from restriction site‐associated DNA (RAD) sequencing. Estimates of fine‐scale chromosomal ancestry, genomic divergence and differentiation across all 19 poplar chromosomes revealed strikingly contrasting results, including an unexpected preponderance of F1 hybrids in the centre of genomic clines on the one hand, and genomically localized, spatially variable shared variants consistent with ancient introgression between the parental species on the other. Genetic ancestry had a significant effect on survivorship of hybrid seedlings in a common garden trial, pointing to selection against early‐generation recombinants. Our results indicate a role for selection against recombinant genotypes in maintaining RI in the face of apparent F1 fertility, consistent with the intragenomic ‘coadaptation’ model of barriers to introgression upon secondary contact. Whole‐genome resequencing of hybridizing populations will clarify the roles of specific genetic pathways in RI between these model forest trees and may reveal which loci are affected most strongly by its cyclic breakdown.
Ancient and modern colonization of North America by hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), an invasive insect from East Asia
Authors: Havill Nathan P. , Shiyake Shigehiko , Lamb Galloway Ashley , Foottit Robert G. , Yu Guoyue , Paradis Annie , Elkinton Joseph , Montgomery Michael E. , Sano Masakazu , Caccone Adalgisa 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae, is an invasive pest of hemlock trees (Tsuga) in eastern North America. We used 14 microsatellites and mitochondrial COI sequences to assess its worldwide genetic structure and reconstruct its colonization history. The resulting information about its life cycle, biogeography and host specialization could help predict invasion by insect herbivores. We identified eight endemic lineages of hemlock adelgids in central China, western China, Ulleung Island (South Korea), western North America, and two each in Taiwan and Japan, with the Japanese lineages specializing on different Tsuga species. Adelgid life cycles varied at local and continental scales with different sexual, obligately asexual and facultatively asexual lineages. Adelgids in western North America exhibited very high microsatellite heterozygosity, which suggests ancient asexuality. The earliest lineages diverged in Asia during Pleistocene glacial periods, as estimated using approximate Bayesian computation. Colonization of western North America was estimated to have occurred prior to the last glacial period by adelgids directly ancestral to those in southern Japan, perhaps carried by birds. The modern invasion from southern Japan to eastern North America caused an extreme genetic bottleneck with just two closely related clones detected throughout the introduced range. Both colonization events to North America involved host shifts to unrelated hemlock species. These results suggest that genetic diversity, host specialization and host phylogeny are not predictive of adelgid invasion. Monitoring non‐native sentinel host trees and focusing on invasion pathways might be more effective methods of preventing invasion than making predictions using species traits or evolutionary history.
Do we need to worry about eating wheat?
Authors: Shewry P. R. , Hey S. J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWheat is a staple food throughout the temperate world and an important source of nutrients for many millions of people. However, the last few years have seen increasing concerns about adverse effects of wheat on health, particularly in North America and Europe, with the increasing adoption of wheat‐free or gluten‐free diets. This relates to two concerns: that wheat products are disproportionally responsible for increases in obesity and type 2 diabetes and that wheat gluten proteins cause a range of adverse reactions, including allergies, coeliac disease and ‘non‐coeliac gluten sensitivity’. The first concern has been refuted in previous publications, and we therefore focus on the second here. Current evidence indicates that allergy to ingested wheat and coeliac disease (and related intolerances) each occur in up to 1% of the population. The extent to which their prevalence has increased is difficult to quantify due to improved diagnosis and increased awareness. However, neither appears to be increasing disproportionally when compared with other immunologically mediated adverse reactions to food. Other adverse reactions to wheat are more difficult to define as their mechanisms are not understood and they are therefore difficult to diagnose. In particular, ‘non‐coeliac wheat sensitivity’ has been reported to occur in 6% or more of the population in the US. However, the application of more rigorous diagnostic criteria is likely to give substantially lower estimates of prevalence. It is therefore unlikely that the health of more than a small proportion of the population will be improved by eliminating wheat or gluten from the diet. In fact, the opposite may occur as wheat is an important source of protein, B vitamins, minerals and bioactive components.
Parents, portions and potential distortions: Unpicking children's meal size
Authors: McCrickerd K. , Forde C. G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractParents and caregivers play a powerful role in shaping the food environment in which their children learn about appropriate portion sizes. Parents often report just ‘knowing’ the amount of food to serve to their children, but evidence indicates that these decisions are driven by the portions parents pick for themselves. This is potentially problematic because, like adults, young children are susceptible to overeating when served large portions, which raises questions about how and when children develop their own portion knowledge. Understanding the social, emotional and cultural factors that shape children's learning about appropriate portion sizes and self‐regulation will lead to a better understanding of the calories that end up on children's plates and in their mouths, and the eating behaviours that define them as adults.
Psychosocial environment: definitions, measures and associations with weight status – a systematic review
Authors: Glonti K. , Mackenbach J. D. , Ng J. , Lakerveld J. , Oppert J.‐M. , Bárdos H. , McKee M. , Rutter H. 
Published: February 2016

SummarySocio‐ecological models suggest that many elements of the social environment act as upstream determinants of obesity. This systematic review examined definitions, measures and strength of associations between the psychosocial environment and adult weight status. Studies were included if they were conducted on adults, the outcome was weight status, carried out in any developed country and investigated at least one psychosocial environmental construct. Six databases for primary studies were searched: EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. We restricted our search to studies published in English between January 1995 and February 2015. An adapted ‘Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies’ was used to evaluate risk of bias of included studies. Out of 14,784 screened records, 42 articles were assessed using full text. A total of 19 studies were included. The strongest associations with weight status were found for social capital and collective efficacy, although few studies found significant associations. There was heterogeneity in the definitions and metrics of psychosocial environmental constructs. There is limited evidence that greater social capital and collective efficacy are associated with healthier weight status. The research conducted to date has not robustly identified relations. We highlight challenges to undertaking research and establishing causality in this field and provide recommendations for further research.
The global burden of oral diseases in pediatric HIV‐infected populations: a workshop report
Authors: Arrive E , Meless D , Anaya‐Saavedra G , Gallottini M , Pinzon LM , Ramirez‐Amador V 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo achieve a comprehensive understanding about the global burden of oral diseases in HIV‐infected children and to identify research needs.Materials and methodsA literature search was conducted in PubMed (2009–2014) to address five questions: (i) prevalence of oral diseases in HIV‐infected compared with uninfected children, (ii) impact of oral diseases on quality of life, (iii) effect of antiretroviral exposure in utero on craniofacial and dental development, (iv) important co‐infections and antiretroviral complications, and (v) value of atraumatic restorative treatment.ResultsStudies showed a high prevalence of dental caries in HIV‐infected children but the relationship between HIV infection and dental caries remains unclear. Also quality of life needs further investigation supported by better study designs and improvement of the instruments used. Up‐to‐date evidence suggested long‐term harms associated with in utero antiretroviral exposure were minor but would require long‐term follow‐up through National Registries. The reviews also revealed the wide spectrum of metabolic disease due to antiretroviral therapy and co‐infections such as tuberculosis. Finally, atraumatic restorative technique appears to be a simple and safe technique to treat dental caries but outcomes need further evaluation.ConclusionsThe impact of antiretroviral therapy in HIV‐infected children has raised novel challenging questions in the field of oral health warranting future research.
Fibroblast growth factor‐23 and chronic allograft injury in pediatric renal transplant recipients: a Midwest Pediatric Nephrology Consortium study
Authors: Seifert Michael E. , Ashoor Isa F. , Chiang Myra L. , Chishti Aftab S. , Dietzen Dennis J. , Gipson Debbie S. , Janjua Halima S. , Selewski David T. , Hruska Keith A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe chronic kidney disease‐mineral bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) produces fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23) and related circulating pathogenic factors that are strongly associated with vascular injury and declining kidney function in native CKD. Similarly, chronic renal allograft injury (CRAI) is characterized by vascular injury and declining allograft function in transplant CKD. We hypothesized that circulating CKD‐MBD factors could serve as non‐invasive biomarkers of CRAI. We conducted a cross‐sectional, multicenter case–control study. Cases (n = 31) had transplant function >20 mL/min/1.73 m2 and biopsy‐proven CRAI. Controls (n = 31) had transplant function >90 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or a biopsy with no detectable abnormality in the previous six months. We measured plasma CKD‐MBD factors at a single time point using ELISA. Median (range) FGF23 levels were over twofold higher in CRAI vs. controls [106 (10–475) pg/mL vs. 45 (8–91) pg/mL; p < 0.001]. FGF23 levels were inversely correlated with transplant function (r2 = −0.617, p < 0.001). Higher FGF23 levels were associated with increased odds of biopsy‐proven CRAI after adjusting for transplant function, clinical, and demographic factors [OR (95% CI) 1.43 (1.23, 1.67)]. Relationships between additional CKD‐MBD factors and CRAI were attenuated in multivariable models. Higher FGF23 levels were independently associated with biopsy‐proven CRAI in children.
Maternal and Paternal Mental‐state Talk and Executive Function in Preschool Children
Authors: Baptista Joana , Osório Ana , Martins Eva Costa , Castiajo Paula , Barreto Ana Luísa , Mateus Vera , Soares Isabel , Martins Carla 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe present study examined the relationship between parents’ mental‐state talk and preschoolers’ executive function. Seventy‐two children participated in the present study, as well as their mothers and fathers. When children were enrolled in the second preschool year, mothers’ and fathers’ use of mental‐state references were assessed during a shared picture‐book reading task with the child. Later, four months before admission to the first grade, preschoolers’ executive function was measured. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that maternal, but not paternal, mental‐state talk was a significant predictor of children's executive function composite, even after accounting for child gender, age, verbal ability, and parental education. When looking at each of the EF components, maternal mental‐state talk proved to be a predictor of set‐shifting whereas no significant relations emerged with inhibitory control or working memory. These findings add to prior research on parenting quality and executive function in preschoolers.