bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen and CO Over-Equilibria in Catalytic Reactions of Methane Reforming
Authors: Trishch Vitaliy R. , Vilboi Mykhailo O. , Yablonsky Gregory S. , Kovaliuk Dmytro O. 
Published: September 2024

Hydrogen and carbon monoxide over-equilibria have been found computationally in kinetic dependencies of methane reforming catalytic reactions (steam and dry reforming) using conditions of the conservatively perturbed equilibrium (CPE) phenomenon, i.e. at the initial equilibrium concentration of hydrogen or carbon monoxide. The influence of pressure, temperature, flow rate and composition of the initial mixture on the position of the CPE point (the extremum point) was investigated in a wide domain of parameters. It is demonstrated that the CPE phenomenon significantly increases the product concentration (H2 and CO) at the reactor length which is significantly less than the reactor length required to reach the equilibrium. The CPE-point was interpreted as the “turning point” in kinetic behavior. Recommendations on the temperature and pressure regimes are different from the traditional ones related to the Le Chatelier’s law. Obtained results provide valuable information on optimal reaction conditions for complex reversible chemical transformations, offering potential applications in chemical engineering processes.
Face Off: The Socio-Political Background of the COVID-19 Syndemic in USA
Authors: BIRO JAN C 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The Covid-19 pandemic was in reality a syndemic there the balance between a multitude of biological (Nature-made) and socio-political (men-made) factors determined individually the outcome of every single infection, on a scale of nothing-to-fatal. Blaming the virus for everything bad that happened to us after January 2020 is incorrect. Now, in ~ 2 years distance from the syndemic, it may be timely and possible to uncover the human contribution to this historical event and learn of it.

Objective:
To identify and use some qualitative approach to estimate the objective, statistical / epidemiological ‘value’ of the virus-selected individuals (in age-normalized groups) for the rest of the society. This non-political, non-religious approach may be the only way to understand the benefit / cost ratio of actions and emergency orders we had to survive in addition to the virus itself.

Methods:
Statistical data were obtained from publicly available official databases, including the relevant actuarial tables and evaluated by widely used statistical methods. The estimation of statistical/epidemiological ‘value of life’ was based, strictly and exclusively, on the real age and the statistically calculated Residual Life Expectancy (RLE, i.e. remaining years alive at a given age).

The American healthcare expenses were compared to the corresponding healthcare costs/capita in other similarly well-developed west-European countries. This was the only available method to get some ideas about the magnitude of the well-established (rational) healthcare spending and compare it to the American standards.

Results
1)	Life expectancy uninterruptedly increased in USA since 1933, due to continuous reduction of Mortality Rate of the youngest and oldest citizens. COVID didn’t stop the population growth (+8.2 M /2020-2023).
2)	The total count of Excess COVID associated Deaths (XCD) is ~ 2-times as much as the official statistic was able to explain by virus infection. It is speculated that these Complementary Covid Deaths (CCD) are probably the unexpected side-effects of the pandemic related emergency orders.
3)	The worldwide ‘longevity’ trend exponentially increased the healthcare expenses, especially the care of elderly. However the USA is unique in this aspect and the healthcare costs are irrationally much higher than in any other country.
4)	We can see a large economic incentive in the development of excesses under COVID syndemic.

Conclusions
The harm of the COVID virus - as well as the benefits of the mandatory, emergency actions during the pandemic - were grossly over-estimated. Professional, unbiased (non-religious, non-political) and independent reviews are strongly recommended.
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Posterior Atlantoaxial Lateral Mass Joint Fusion (MIS-PALF)
Authors: Hung Kan-Lin , Lu Yong , Tian Yinglun , Xue Shilin , Gao Guodong , Gao Qiyue , Xu Nanfang , Wang Shenglin 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Conventional surgical procedures for atlantoaxial instability or dislocation (AAI/D) have been associated with a high prevalence of postoperative occipitocervical pain and dysfunction, as well as substantial perioperative blood loss. We hypothesized that minimally invasive surgery for posterior atlantoaxial lateral mass joint fusion (MIS-PALF), a procedure that can largely avoid disruption of suboccipital musculature, would be superior to the standard Goel-Harms technique in terms of postoperative pain and perioperative blood loss.

Methods:
This was a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing MIS-PALF for AAI/D at Peking University Third Hospital’s Department of Orthopaedics from January 2021 to December 2021 and a historical control group of patients with the same diagnoses who were treated with the Goel-Harms technique. The duration of surgery, perioperative blood loss, postoperative length of hospital stay, postoperative body temperature, pain, supplementary use of narcotics, spinal cord function/improvement (assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association [JOA] scores), reduction of AAI/D (determined based on radiographic parameters), rate of successful fusion, and complication rate were all compared between the 2 groups.

Results:
No significant differences were noted between the groups (43 MIS-PALF cases, 86 control cases) regarding baseline data, operative time, spinal cord function or improvement, reduction of AAI/D, rate of successful fusion, and complication rate. MIS-PALF was associated with significantly less perioperative blood loss, a shorter postoperative hospital stay (decreased by 30.8%), lower intensity and frequency of postoperative pain (decreased by 10.6% and 61.9%, respectively), less need for supplementary narcotics, and less frequent postoperative fever (decreased by 48.7%).

Conclusions:
This was the first prospective cohort study of which we are aware on minimally invasive procedures for atlantoaxial fusion. Clinical efficacy (AAI/D reduction, rate of successful atlantoaxial fusion, JOA score improvement), efficiency (operative time), and safety (complications) of MIS-PALF appeared to be noninferior to those of the Goel-Harms technique. MIS-PALF was superior in terms of postoperative occipitocervical pain and length of hospital stay, both of which directly affect overall patient satisfaction and postoperative recovery of quality of life.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Intelligent Algorithm Optimization of BP Neural Networks for Prediction of Compressive Strength of 3D Printed Concrete
Authors: He Dongqing , Chen Junjie , Li Mengnan , Song Kewei , Zhuo Pengcheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In this study, the BP neural network prediction model was used for predicting the compressive strength of 3D printed concrete (3DPC). A dataset was created from the literature and experiments. The BP neural network topology (ANN7-8-1) was designed based on the correlation between raw material quantities and compressive strength. Intelligent algorithms such as the grey wolf algorithm (GWO), differential evolution (DE), and hybrid optimization algorithm (DE-GWO) were used to optimize the weight thresholds for the BP neural network. Training and prediction were performed using the dataset. The BP neural network prediction model for 3DPC compressive strength, optimized using intelligent algorithms, exhibited improved global search and convergence performance. GWO exhibited high convergence accuracy, while DE exhibited fast convergence speed. DE-GWO yielded significantly improved accuracy and convergence speed compared to GWO and DE. The correlation coefficient R2 was 0.9087, and the absolute percentage error MAPE was 7.25%. The DE-GWO-BP neural network can provide guidance for optimizing mix proportions and controlling the performance of 3DPC.
DNA Immunotherapy for Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP): Phase 1/2 study assessing efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of INO-3107
Authors: Morrow Matthew , Mau Ted , Gillespie Elisabeth , Sylvester Albert , Amin Milan , Belafsky Peter , Best Simon , Friedman Aaron , Klein Adam , Lott David , Paniello Randal , Pransky Seth , Saba Nabil , Tan Grace , Wisotsky Sadie , Marcus Sarah , Reuschel Emma , Reed Katherine , Weiner David , Dallas Michael , Skolnik Jeffrey 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a debilitating chronic disease of the airway caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Here we describe the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity from a Phase 1/2 trial of INO-3107, a DNA immunotherapy designed to elicit T-cell responses against HPV-6 and HPV-11, in adults with RRP (NCT04398433). Thirty-two eligible patients with HPV-6 and/or HPV-11 RRP, who required ≥2 surgical interventions in the year preceding dosing, were administered 4 doses of INO-3107 by intramuscular (IM) injection followed by electroporation (EP). The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability. Efficacy and immunology endpoints included the frequency of surgical interventions in the year following the first dose of INO-3107 and assessment of immune responses. The majority (26/32; 81%) of patients experienced a reduction in the number of surgeries in the year following initiation of treatment with INO-3107, when compared with the year prior. Peripheral blood assessments revealed HPV-6 and HPV-11 antigen-specific T-cell induction, inclusive of cytolytic CD8+ T-cells. RNA sequencing identified the presence of an inflammatory response in patient papillomas after treatment with INO-3107, inclusive of cytolytic CD8+ T-cell signatures. T-cell receptor sequencing revealed emergent T-cell clones in the blood and assessment of airway tissue confirmed trafficking of these clones to papillomas, which was associated with clinical benefit. Treatment was well tolerated, with 13/32 (41%) patients reporting a treatment-related adverse event (AE), all of which were low-grade. INO-3107 provides clinical benefit to adults with HPV-6 and/or HPV-11 associated RRP, is well tolerated, and generates an antigen-specific immune response against HPV. Importantly, treatment-induced peripheral T-cell responses traffick to airway tissue and are associated with clinical response, consistent with the proposed mechanism of action.
Unraveling the Genetic Mysteries of Spinal Muscular Atrophy in Chinese Families
Authors: Gao Shanshan , Chen Duo , Li Qianqian , Zhao Xuechao , Chen Chen , Liu Lina , Jiang Miao , Zhao Zhenhua , Wang Yanhua , Kong Xiangdong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disorder encompassing both 5q and non-5q forms, causing muscle weakness and atrophy due to spinal cord cell degeneration. Understanding its genetic basis is crucial for genetic counseling and personalized treatment options.
Methods
This study analyzed families of patients with suspected SMA at our institution from February 2006 to March 2024. Various molecular techniques, including multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis, long-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with nested PCR, Sanger sequencing, and whole-exome sequencing (WES), were employed to establish a thorough genetic variant profile in 680 Chinese pedigrees with clinically suspected SMA.
Results
Out of 680 families suspected of having SMA, 675 exhibited the SMN1 gene, while three families were linked to the IGHMBP2 gene. One family exhibited a genetic variation in the NEB gene, and another family exhibited a variation in the SCO2 gene. Among the families with mutations in the SMN1 gene, 645 families exhibited either E7‒E8 or E7 homozygous deletion. Some families displayed E7‒8 heterozygous deletion along with other mutations, such as E1 or E1‒6 heterozygote deletion and point mutations. Furthermore, one family demonstrated a compound-heterozygous double mutation, while another family carried a type "2 + 0" mutation alongside a point mutation.
Conclusions
This study comprehensively analyzed the genetics of suspected familial SMA cases in the Chinese population, providing insights into the molecular genetic mechanisms of SMA and the utility of various detection techniques. The findings reveal important implications for genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, and targeted therapies in clinical practice.
The microchannel unilateral percutaneous approach to whole exposure bilateral ligamentum flavum in the treatment of lumbar spinal canal stenosis
Authors: Nie Dekang , Shu Longfei , Wang Jun , Zeng Wei , Zhu Weiye , Sun Guan , Zhao Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: To explore the surgical techniques and clinical efficacy of percutaneous microchannel bilateral ligamentum flavum exposure under a microscope in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 20 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis admitted to the Neurosurgery Department of the Ninth Hospital of the Joint Support Force of the People's Liberation Army from February 2020 to December 2021. The treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis was performed by exposing bilateral ligaments flavum under a minimally invasive microscope through a unilateral paravertebral approach. The duration of single segment surgery, intraoperative bleeding, hospital stay, and other indicators were recorded, as well as preoperative and postoperative JOA scores, VAS scores, and ODI index. Result: The lumbar spinal canal decompression was sufficient in this group, and there were no complications such as nerve injury and cerebrospinal fluid leakage; MRI reexamination showed good spinal canal decompression effect, and CT three-dimensional reconstruction examination showed that the minimally invasive approach to the vertebral lamina incision did not affect the stability of the spine; The JOA score, VAS score, and ODI index were significantly improved compared to before surgery (P<0.05). Follow up for 6-12 months showed improvement in symptoms in all cases, and no spinal deformities were observed during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Under the microscope, percutaneous microchannel unilateral paravertebral approach and bilateral decompression are used to treat lumbar spinal stenosis. The postoperative neurological function recovery is good, which can not only avoid damaging the paravertebral muscles, articular processes, spinous processes, and ligaments to the greatest extent, but also achieve the purpose of spinal canal decompression. It has the characteristics of minimal trauma, fast recovery, fewer complications, and good vertebral stability.
Development of the Novel Formulations of Perospirone for the Treatment of Schizophrenia
Authors: Zhang Zijun , Ke Famin , Wu Jili , Li Xiyao , Chen Xin , Zhang Lanxing , Jing Pei , Liu Zerong , Liu Zhongbing , Lu Ruilin , Fu Shihua , Zhou Meiling , Lin Yan , Sun Xiaoduan , Zhong Zhirong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness. Its clinical features include positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders), negative symptoms (avolition, anhedonia, poverty of thought, social withdrawal), and cognitive dysfunction. A large number of antipsychotic drugs with traditional dosage forms are available to mitigate the symptoms of schizophrenia but the duration of action is commonly short, often requiring frequent administration. The perospirone hydrochloride hydrate (PER), as a second-generation antipsychotic drug, shows therapeutic effects on both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, with less impact on cognitive function. However, it suffers from a short half-life, fluctuating blood concentration, instability in the circulating leading to peak-trough fluctuations, and poor patient compliance due to the required frequent administration. Based on the hydrophilic matrix, we developed novel formulations of PER, including the extended-release and the controlled-release tablets of PER. The resulting formulations delayed the drug release and prolonged the persistence of PER, leading to an extended half-life and reduced fluctuations in blood concentration with stable therapeutic levels and an improved absorption with higher bioavailability, thus reducing dosing frequency. These oral extended-release and controlled-release tablets promise to alleviate patients' medication discomfort and provide long-term sustained drug release. They would provide a platform with broad prospects for the clinical treatment of schizophrenia.
How salts affect mud mobility at low pressures: implications for Mars and other extraterrestrial bodies
Authors: Kryza Ondrej , Brož Petr , Fox-Powell Mark , Pěnkavová Věra , Conway Susan , Mazzini Adriano , Hauber Ernst , Sylvest Matthew , Patel Manish 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Sedimentary volcanism is a widespread geological phenomenon on Earth. Similar processes are theorized to occur on extraterrestrial bodies like Mars, potentially representing surface expressions of subsurface liquid water reservoirs. Recognizing extraterrestrial mud volcanism relies on identifying emplaced mud flow features based on their morphological characteristics. Despite the ubiquitous presence of salts on planetary surfaces, it remains unclear how different types of dissolved salts in mud mixtures may influence the behavior of erupted mud. This study integrates laboratory experiments, thermodynamic calculations, and rheometry measurements to investigate how concentrations of NaCl, MgSO4, Na2SO4, and CaSO4 affect such behavior. The results show that 10 wt.% MgSO4 and only 2.5 wt.% NaCl maximizes mud propagation, producing ropy patterns and narrow flows, while higher salt concentrations result in sheet-like flows covering wider areas. When the mud is supersaturated, the liquid state is prolonged but propagation is reduced. These findings reveal that mud salinity variations in low-pressure environments have a powerful effect on mud flow behavior. Improved understanding of such parameters is crucial for investigating the mudflows on extraterrestrial bodies, and the study of salt-enriched muds may be therefore crucial for unraveling Mars' geological evolution and its potential for harboring signs of ancient life.
Prevalence and associated factors of metabolic syndrome among people live with HIV in a medical center of Northern Taiwan -- a cross sectional study
Authors: Tu Chien An , Kuo Chien-Feng , Lee Chun-Ming , Liu Chang-Pan , Tseng Hsiang-Kuang , Huang Tseng-Yu , Lin Chih-Chen , Sun Fang-Ju , Sun Zu-Yi , Lian Pei-Ching , Cheng Ming-Wei , Wu Alice Ying-Jung , Lee Winter Yu-Ning , Chang Hsun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
HIV acquisition has been found to be associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic syndrome in the past. In this study, we attempt to delineate the risk factors of metabolic syndrome among persons living with HIV in a single medical center in Taiwan using mostly integrase inhibitors-based regimen as HAART.
Methods
A cross-sectional study involving all people live with HIV (PLWH) aged ≥ 18 years who visited MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan between September 7, 2022 to January 31, 2023 was included. A modified National Cholesterol Education Program ATP III definition of metabolic syndrome was used to define metabolic syndrome and body mass index was used as surrogate for waist circumference.
Results
809 PLWH participated in the study, in which 81.3% of patient were on integrase inhibitor-based HAART regimen. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 10.0%, which is markedly lower than those reported in the literature. Age was a significant risk factor for metabolic syndrome. HIV-related factors (CD4, viral load, HAART regimen) did not affect the presence of metabolic syndrome.
Conclusions
Prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome appeared to have declined among PLWH compared to previous reports, possibly secondary to widespread use of integrase inhibitors. Age remains a strong risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome among PLWH.
Evaluating Artificial Intelligence in the Support of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Management: A Comparative Analysis of Contemporary Clinical Guidelines, Expert-Identified Controversial Questions, and Three Major AI Models
Authors: Bacigaluppi Susanna , Zona Gianluigi , Bragazzi Nicola L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH) remains a significant medical challenge. Controversies in managing aSAH, such as optimal blood pressure levels and antifibrinolytic therapy, persist despite advancements in treatment. The recently published guidelines from the NICE, the NCS, and the AHA/ASA show divergence in several key management aspects. This study aims to explore the processing and analysis capabilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models in handling controversial aSAH management issues.
Methods
Twelve controversial questions regarding aSAH management were presented to three artificial intelligence (AI) models: ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Bard. Questions covered areas like blood pressure management, timing for aneurysm securing procedures, the use of intravenous Nimodipine, handling Nimodipine-induced hypotension, and the effectiveness of transcranial sonography in monitoring vasospasm-induced delayed cerebral injury (DCI).
Results
AI models’ responses were generally aligned with AHA/ASA guidelines and expert opinions on blood pressure management before and after aneurysm securing. However, significant gaps were noted in their knowledge, especially regarding the role of intravenous Nimodipine and its hypotensive effects. The use of transcranial sonography for monitoring DCI induced by vasospasm was another area where the models showed limited understanding, with only ChatGPT-4 suggesting integration with other imaging techniques and clinical assessment.
Conclusions
AI models demonstrate potential in assisting with complex medical decision-making in aSAH management. However, their current capabilities highlight the need for ongoing updates and integration with real-world clinical expertise. AI should be viewed as a complementary tool to human judgment. Future developments in AI should focus on enhancing its accuracy and relevance to current medical practices.
The contribution of livestock intervention on gender equality, social integration, and women’s empowerment in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarma Paresh Kumar , Sarowar Samiha 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Livestock interventions in low and middle-income countries can empower women and enhance household social inclusion and gender equality. However, the optimal conditions for these outcomes are not well understood. This study investigates the effects of livestock interventions on gender dynamics, social inclusion, and women's economic empowerment in northwest Bangladesh. Convenience sampling techniques were applied to obtain a total of 300 respondents through a pre-determined survey questionnaire in 2023–2024 from northwest districts of Bangladesh. Descriptive and inferential statistics, along with PLS-SEM, revealed significant positive associations between livestock interventions and gender equality, social inclusion, and women's empowerment. Effective interventions should focus on capacity building, resource access, financial services, and market access. The study emphasizes the importance of context-specific approaches, taking into consideration laws, cultural norms, gender roles, resource access, and decision-making patterns. Recommendations include tailored capacity building and access to resources and markets to foster gender equality and empowerment in livestock farming households.