bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Neonatal Mineral Administration and Contaminant Exposure due to Sodium Phosphate Shortage
Authors: Holmes Amy , Porcelli Peter 
Published: July 2017

Background National pharmaceutical shortages continue to affect clinical patient care, including neonatal patients. Early postnatal nutrition influences health and growth of infants; quantitative reports describing specific effects of drug shortages on neonatal care are not common.
Methods Parenteral nutrition (PN) orders created during the study period were modified to adjust for sodium phosphate unavailability. Original PN orders were collected retrospectively and compared with the modified orders for daily mineral doses, calcium:phosphorus ratio, and potential aluminum exposure. The corrected phosphorus dose was determined to compensate for algorithm-driven changes in phosphorus administration.
Results The PN corrected phosphorus dose decreased from 58.9 ± 19.7 mg/kg/day to 42.7 ± 21.7 mg/kg/day (mean ± standard deviation [SD], n = 226 from 22 patients, range, 0–63.4 mg/kg/day, p < 0.05) below the minimal recommended daily dose. There was a coincident doubling of the calcium:phosphorus ratio to > 2.5:1, which was above the desired ratio of 1.8:1. Using potassium phosphate as the only intravenous phosphate source increased the potential aluminum exposure to 60% (9.6 ± 5.0) above the recommended Food And Drug Administration (FDA) limit.
Discussion Neonatal PN phosphate administration decreased during the sodium phosphate shortage, raised calcium:phosphate ratios, and increased the potential aluminum exposure. Drug shortages continue to affect preterm infants. Coordinated efforts of health professionals with administrative resources are needed to provide effective short-term solutions and develop long-term strategies.
Clinical Relevance Providing optimal PN to neonates is essential for postnatal health and growth. This report describes the effect of a national drug shortage of injectable sodium phosphate on PN composition and infant mineral administration.
Prevention of Preterm Labor with 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) Caproate: A Comparison of Adverse Drug Reaction Rates between Compounded and Commercial Formulations
Authors: Bobowski Christina , Milikhiker Nataliya , Anguiano Rebekah , Mastrogiannis Dimitrios , Stone Rebecca 
Published: July 2017

Objective A commercial formulation of injectable 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) for prevention of preterm birth was introduced in 2011; however, use of compounded formulations remains widespread. This study compared the frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with compounded versus commercial 17OHP formulations, aiding in provider assessment of 17OHP tolerability.
Study Design A retrospective cohort evaluation of data obtained from the electronic medical record (EMR) of patients prescribed weekly 17OHP injections at an obstetric clinic between 2009 and 2015 was performed. A descriptive analysis characterized the frequency and proportion of ADRs associated with 17OHP administration. Patient differences between 17OHP formulations were identified with t-test, chi-square, or Fischer's exact tests.
Results Of 175 patients included, 56% received commercial formulation and 44% received compounded formulation. ADRs occurred in 16 patients, all of whom received the compounded formulation (p < 0.001). The most common ADRs were injection site reaction (n = 7) and acute coughing following 17OHP administration (n = 6). Of patients with an ADR, 63% discontinued all medication therapy for prevention of preterm birth or changed to an alternative therapy.
Conclusion Comparison of ADR rates between compounded and commercial formulation differed significantly. In addition to food and drug administration (FDA) compliance, providers may consider preferential use of the commercial formulation, since 21% of women receiving compounded product experienced an ADR.
Clinical Study to Analyze the Intramuscular Anatomy of Musculocutaneous Perforators of Anterolateral Thigh Flaps
Authors: Karthikeyan G. , Vishwanath Gurusamy , Singh S.K. , Venkatnaryanan R. , Renganathan Gopi 
Published: July 2017

Background Anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is a common flap used for many microsurgical reconstructive procedures. Majority of these flaps are based on the musculocutaneous perforators, which, after arising from source artery, course through the bulk of the vastus lateralis muscle. The vascular anatomy of the ALT flap has been often decried as its limiting factor.
Methods In this prospective study conducted over 3 years, 207 cases of ALT flap were evaluated. During the harvest of ALT flap, musculocutaneous perforators were laid open through the vastus lateralis, and its variations and pattern were studied for clinical anatomy as well as impact of anatomy on the viability of the flap postoperatively.
Results The perforators were recognized to be grouped into three broadly distinguishable anatomical patterns: linear (I), branching (Y), or tortuous (S). While the majority of perforators (51%) were linear “I” perforators, serpentine “S” and branching “Y” perforators were 28 and 21%, respectively. The clinical outcomes were also related to the simplicity of these perforators course as linear “I” perforators had 100% flap viability.
Conclusion During the harvest of 207 ALT flaps through 3 years, it could be deciphered that the musculocutaneous perforators traverse through the bulk of vastus lateralis muscle in only three types of patterns (IYS pattern). This identification of pattern could help in prevention of injury while delineating the perforators. Identification and typing of anatomical variation of the musculocutaneous perforator within the vastus muscle could lead to a predictable and safer harvest of the ALT flap.
Imaging of Atypical Brain Infections and Infection Mimics in Children
Authors: Chokr Jad , Udayasankar Unni , Choudhary Gagandeep 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAtypical brain infections in the pediatric age group are uncommon and different from the adult population; however, when present, they pose a diagnostic challenge and can result in serious and potentially fatal complications if not recognized and treated early in the course of the disease. Imaging plays a vital role because of relative inaccessibility to tissue sampling. This review article regroups the atypical pediatric brain infections (parasitic, fungal, viral, and bacterial) by age group (prenatal, perinatal, and post-neonatal period) and elucidates their characteristic imaging appearance, as well as focuses on their complications, in an aim to help clinicians (pediatricians/pediatric neuroradiologists/radiologists) better characterize, diagnose, and guide patient treatment. In addition, this review article also emphasizes on infection mimics of the central nervous system in order to empower our differential diagnosis, improve our diagnostic accuracy, and avoid unindicated patient management and treatment.
The Real-Life Effectiveness and Care Patterns of Type 2 Diabetes Management in Greece
Authors: Pagkalos Emmanuel , Thanopoulou Anastasia , Sampanis Christos , Bousboulas Stavros , Melidonis Andreas , Tentolouris Nicholas , Alexandrides Theodoros , Migdalis Ilias , Karamousouli Eugenia , Papanas Nikolaos 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Aim To investigate the prevalence of hypoglycaemia during sulfonylurea (SU) treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Greece and its influence on glycaemic control, treatment adherence and quality of life (QoL).
Patients and methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. We included 383 T2DM patients ≥30 years old on treatment with SU in monotherapy or in combination with metformin for at least 6 months. Patients were requested to fill in retrospective questionnaires on hypoglycaemia experience, adherence, weight gain and lifestyle/behavioural factors along with QoL (EQ-5D-3L), treatment satisfaction (TSQM), and fear of hypoglycaemia (HFS-II Worry scale).
Results HbA1c<7% was found in 161 (42.0%) patients. In total, 165 (43.1%) patients reported hypoglycaemic symptoms during the previous 6 months: 41.6% (67/161) of those with HbA1c <7% and 44.1% (98/222) of those with HbA1c ≥7%. Glycaemic control was achieved by 43.1% (94/218) of patients without hypoglycaemia and 50.0% (41/82), 36.8% (25/68) and 6.7% (1/15) of patients with mild, moderate or severe hypoglycaemia, respectively (p=0.013). In multivariate analysis, both occurrence (none vs. mild/moderate/severe) and severity (none vs. mild vs. moderate vs. severe) of hypoglycaemia were significantly associated with impaired global treatment satisfaction (p=0.002 and p<0.0001 respectively) and HFS-II Worry scale scores (both p<0.0001), while lower QoL (EQ-5D (UK) Index) was related to hypoglycaemia severity (p=0.024) only. Finally, treatment adherence was associated with increased (none/mild vs. moderate/severe) hypoglycaemia severity in univariate analysis (p=0.019).
Conclusion A high prevalence of patient treated with SU reported hypoglycaemia in Greek healthcare settings with negative effects on treatment satisfaction, patient worry and adherence. Severity of hypoglycaemic symptoms was associated with reduced glycaemic control.
Submaximal Markers of Fatigue and Overreaching; Implications for Monitoring Athletes
Authors: Siegl André , M. Kösel Elisa , Tam Nicholas , Koschnick Susanne , Langerak Nelleke , Skorski Sabrina , Meyer Tim , Lamberts Robert 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe regular monitoring of athletes is important to fine-tune training and detect early symptoms of overreaching. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine if a noninvasive submaximal running test could reflect a state of overreaching. 14 trained runners completed a noninvasive Lamberts Submaximal Running Test, one week before and 2 days after finishing an ultramarathon, and delayed onset of muscle soreness and the daily analysis of life demands for athletes questionnaire were also captured. After the ultramarathon, submaximal heart rate was lower at 70% (−3 beats) and 85% of peak treadmill running speed (P<0.01). Ratings of perceived exertion were higher at 60% (2 units) and 85% (one unit) of peak treadmill running speed, while 60-second heart rate recovery was significantly faster (7 beats, P<0.001). Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness scores and the number of symptoms of stress (Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes) were also higher after the ultramarathon (P<0.01). The current study shows that the Lamberts Submaximal Running Test is able to reflect early symptoms of overreaching. Responses to acute fatigue and overreaching were characterized by counterintuitive responses, such as lower submaximal heart rates and faster heart rate recovery, while ratings of perceived exertion were higher.
Transcriptome analysis of the response of Burmese python to digestion
Authors: Duan Jinjie , Sanggaard Kristian Wejse , Schauser Leif , Lauridsen Sanne Enok , Enghild Jan J. , Schierup Mikkel Heide , Wang Tobias 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Exceptional and extreme feeding behaviour makes the Burmese python (Python bivittatus) an interesting model to study physiological remodelling and metabolic adaptation in response to refeeding after prolonged starvation. In this study, we used transcriptome sequencing of 5 visceral organs during fasting as well as 24 hours and 48 hours after ingestion of a large meal to unravel the postprandial changes in Burmese pythons. We first used the pooled data to perform a de novo assembly of the transcriptome and supplemented this with a proteomic survey of enzymes in the plasma and gastric fluid. We constructed a high-quality transcriptome with 34 423 transcripts, of which 19 713 (57%) were annotated. Among highly expressed genes (fragments per kilo base per million sequenced reads &gt; 100 in 1 tissue), we found that the transition from fasting to digestion was associated with differential expression of 43 genes in the heart, 206 genes in the liver, 114 genes in the stomach, 89 genes in the pancreas, and 158 genes in the intestine. We interrogated the function of these genes to test previous hypotheses on the response to feeding. We also used the transcriptome to identify 314 secreted proteins in the gastric fluid of the python. Digestion was associated with an upregulation of genes related to metabolic processes, and translational changes therefore appear to support the postprandial rise in metabolism. We identify stomach-related proteins from a digesting individual and demonstrate that the sensitivity of modern liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry equipment allows the identification of gastric juice proteins that are present during digestion.
Folic Acid Impairs the Uptake of 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate in Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Smith Desiree , Hornstra Jacqueline , Rocha Monica , Jansen Gerrit , Assaraf Yehuda , Lasry Inbal , Blom Henk , Smulders Yvo M. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Adequate folate status supports endothelial structure and function. Folic acid (FA), an oxidized synthetic folate, which is present in the plasma of patients consuming fortified food or FA supplements, may impair cellular uptake of physiological, reduced folates. We studied the effect of FA on uptake of the dominant circulatory folate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) in endothelial cells.

Methods and Results:
For short-term effects of FA, primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were maintained in growth medium containing 200 nM 5MTHF and preincubated with 20 nM FA 10 minutes before the 5MTHF uptake assessment. For long-term effects, HUVECs were cultured for 3 passages in growth medium containing either 200 nM 5MTHF, or a combination of 100 nM 5MTHF and 100 nM FA. 5MTHF uptake was assessed after exposing cells to 200 nM [13C5]-5MTHF, after which intracellular [13C5]-5MTHF was quantified using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Acute FA exposure caused a 57% reduction in 5MTHF uptake compared with control conditions (51 ± 12 vs. 22 ± 7 fmol·min−1·mg−1 protein; P = 0.01). Long-term exposure to FA reduced 5MTHF uptake by 41% (51 ± 12 vs. 30 ± 11 fmol·min−1·mg−1 protein; P = 0.05) and reduced total cellular 5MTHF levels by 47 ± 21% in HUVEC (P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
Unmetabolized FA, which appears in the plasma after consumption of fortified food or FA supplements, may impair uptake of 5MTHF, the dominant bioactive form of folate, in HUVEC.
Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes With Various Meropenem Dosing Regimens in Septic Patients
Authors: Devanathan Aaron , Corkish Morgan , Rohde Kalynn A. , Campbell-Bright Stacy 
Published: July 2017

Background
Studies have demonstrated equal efficacy between meropenem 500 mg intravenously every 6 hours and 1000 mg intravenously every 8 hours. Few critically ill patients were included in these studies, and theoretical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic concerns exist with the more conservative dosing regimen. We sought to compare the efficacy of these 2 dosing regimens in septic patients at our institution.

Methods
A retrospective, single-center, cohort study was performed comparing 2 meropenem dosing regimens in septic patients admitted to 5 intensive care units at the University of North Carolina Medical Center. The primary outcome was rate of clinical success at 7, 10, and 14 days. Secondary outcomes included time to clinical success, rate of microbiologic failure, in-hospital mortality, meropenem-related mortality, and intensive care units and hospital length of stay.

Results
One hundred seventeen patients meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed. Clinical success at 7 (69% vs 81.8%; P = 0.163), 10 (76.2% vs 84.8%; P = 0.403), and 14 days (84.5% vs 87.9%; P = 0.591) did not differ significantly between the meropenem 500 mg and 1000 mg groups, respectively. There were higher rates of in-hospital (29.6% vs 14.2%, P = 0.290) and meropenem-related mortality (10.7% vs 6.1%; P = 0.792) and microbiological failure (4.2% vs 0%; P = 0.269) in patients in the 500 mg group.

Conclusions
There was not a statistically significant difference in rates of clinical success at 7, 10, and 14 days in septic patients in the meropenem 500 mg group compared with the 1000 mg group. Caution should be used when extrapolating the more conservative dosing strategy to critically ill patients. A larger, matched retrospective analysis or prospective study would be beneficial in determining if these dosing regimens can be used interchangeably in this population.
Distinct behavioral responses evoked by selective optogenetic stimulation of the major TRPV1+ and MrgD+ subsets of C-fibers
Authors: Beaudry Hélène , Daou Ihab , Ase Ariel R. , Ribeiro-da-Silva Alfredo , Séguéla Philippe 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Primary C-fiber nociceptors are broadly divided into peptidergic and nonpeptidergic afferents. TRPV1 is a thermosensitive cation channel mainly localized in peptidergic nociceptors, whereas MrgD is a sensory G protein–coupled receptor expressed in most nonpeptidergic nociceptive afferents. TRPV1+ and MrgD+ fibers have been reported to be primarily involved in thermal and mechanical nociception, respectively. Yet, their functional assessment in somatosensory transmission relied on ablation strategies that do not account for compensatory mechanisms. To achieve selective activation of these 2 major subsets of C-fibers in vivo in adult mice, we used optogenetics to specifically deliver the excitatory opsin channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) to TRPV1+ or MrgD+ primary sensory neurons, as confirmed by histology and electrophysiology. This approach allowed, for the first time, the characterization of behavioral responses triggered by direct noninvasive activation of peptidergic TRPV1+ or nonpeptidergic MrgD+ fibers in freely moving mice. Transdermal blue light stimulation of the hind paws of transgenic mice expressing ChR2 in TRPV1+ neurons generated nocifensive behaviors consisting mainly of paw withdrawal and paw licking, whereas paw lifting occurrence was limited. Conversely, optical activation of cutaneous MrgD+ afferents produced mostly withdrawal and lifting. Of interest, in a conditioned place avoidance assay, blue light induced aversion in TRPV1-ChR2 mice, but not in MrgD-ChR2 mice. In short, we present novel somatosensory transgenic models in which control of specific subsets of peripheral unmyelinated nociceptors with distinct functions can be achieved with high spatiotemporal precision. These new tools will be instrumental in further clarifying the contribution of genetically identified C-fiber subtypes to chronic pain.
Splenic Involvement in Disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings
Authors: Clark Haley , Khatri Gaurav , Kapur Payal , Pedrosa Ivan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We report the imaging findings of a patient with disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex presenting with multiple splenic lesions incompletely characterized on computed tomography in whom magnetic resonance imaging helped narrow the differential diagnosis. We discuss the magnetic resonance imaging findings suggesting the diagnosis, including the presence of focal susceptibility artifact within the lesions (ie, signal drop on T1 in-phase imaging), marked hypointensity on diffusion-weighted imaging, and faint progressive peripheral enhancement after contrast administration. We provide pathologic correlation to explain these imaging characteristics and a review of the literature of imaging characteristics in splenic involvement of M. avium-intracellulare complex infection.
Consciousness development for the learning organization
Authors: Heaton Dennis 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper presents a philosophical and practical discussion of the role of development of consciousness for realization of a learning organization. Consciousness is the capacity to know, the capacity to learn. As the knower is, so is the knowledge. Development of consciousness can lead to more profound and holistic learning and enable organizations to flourish.

Design/methodology/approach
Models of the potential range of consciousness development from Western and Eastern psychology are discussed. Research regarding the Transcendental Meditation technique and its effects on mental development, brain functioning and managerial performance is reviewed.

Findings
The Transcendental Meditation technique leads to improved performance on multiple measures of intelligence, brain integration and exceptional levels of psychological maturity. Results of this technique in business settings have included growth of leadership behaviors, big-picture awareness, enhanced team problem-solving and high levels of trust.

Practical implications
This paper discusses a research-based approach for enhancing learning capabilities – seeing systems, collaborating across boundaries and creating desired futures – through the development of consciousness.

Originality/value
Learning in organizational studies has generally been explored in terms of concepts from Western behavioral sciences. This paper brings out a philosophical perspective as well as practical technologies, which links Western and Eastern concepts regarding consciousness and learning.
A Hindu perspective to organizational learning
Authors: Shama Rao Ashok , Kamath Burde Jyothsna 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to provide an overview of the relevance and applicability of the Hindu tradition to organizational learning.

Design/methodology/approach
Attempting to separate the spiritual from the religious aspects, a primarily theoretical approach is used to delineate the basic concepts in Hinduism and their applicability to various aspects of employee and organizational functioning.

Findings
Concepts such as Yoga, Dharma, Karma, Yajna and Lokasamgraha are discussed.

Originality/value
This paper stems from the recognition of cultural differences and the need to explore alternative paradigms to understand and enhance organizational functioning.
Consistency of spatiotemporal sound features supports the use of passive acoustics for long‐term monitoring
Authors: Parmentier E. , Di Iorio L. , Picciulin M. , Malavasi S. , Lagardère J.‐P. , Bertucci F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMany studies stress the usefulness of fish calls as effective indicators of distinct species occurrence. However, most of these studies have been undertaken in a given area and during restricted periods of time. There is a need to show passive acoustic monitoring is a reliable method to study vocal species over space and time. This study aims to use passive acoustic methods to follow the brown meagre Sciaena umbra at relevant temporal and spatial scales. Specimens of S. umbra were recorded in both aquarium and in the field. In situ recordings were made at two regions (Corsica and Sardinia) during four summers (2008–2012–2013–2015). Temporal and frequency parameters of the fish calls were collected by different teams and compared to test the ability to unequivocally identify the fish sound. The comparison between our data and the bibliography highlights the capability to identify S. umbra during a period of 17 years in different Mediterranean regions, clearly supporting the usefulness of acoustic monitoring to discover and protect aggregation sites of this endangered species. The sound producing mechanism in S. umbra consists of high‐speed sonic muscles surrounding dorsally the posterior end of the swim bladder, which can explain the low acoustic variability that helps in the species identification. Similar mechanisms are found in other Sciaenidae, suggesting that a similar conclusion can be drawn for many other adult sciaenids that could be used as sentinel species. This study should be of high interest to policymakers and scientists because it shows passive acoustic can be confidently used in resource management.