bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gelatin as a Potential Inhibitor of Insulin Amyloid Fibril Formation
Authors: Jayamani Jayaraman , Shanmugam Ganesh 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDirect inhibition of amyloid fibrillation, the primary cause of many neurodegenerative diseases, using natural and synthetic molecules is one of the therapeutic strategies to prohibit the progression of amyloid diseases. Herein, we have demonstrated that, for the first time, gelatin, a commonly used gelling agent in food, was a potent inhibitor of amyloid fibril formation using insulin, a model protein for amyloid fibrillation. Thioflavin T and turbidity data indicated concentration‐dependent inhibition of insulin amyloid fibrillation by gelatin. Atomic force microscopy envisaged the inhibition of insulin fibrillation by gelatin. The spectroscopic analysis suggested that gelatin inhibits the insulin amyloid fibrillation by stabilising the native structure of insulin. 8‐anilinonaphthalene‐1‐sulfonic acid fluorescence data indicated that gelatin prevented the accessible exposed hydrophobic regions of insulin, which is required for insulin aggregation. Studies also suggested that the anti‐amyloidogenic efficiency of a mixture containing gelatin and a known amyloid inhibitor (Ferulic acid) was higher than their individual efficiency. Since gelatin is commonly used in drug formulation, its inherent anti‐amyloidogenic character may be beneficial in the formulation of anti‐amyloidogenic compounds. Hence, the current findings may have significant implications for the development of therapeutic agents for the prevention of disease‐related amyloid proteins.
A Coumarin–based Colorimetric and Fluorescent Chemosensor for the “Naked–eye” Detection of Fluoride ion in 100 % Natural Water Medium Using Coated Chromatography Plates
Authors: Ren Xianxuan , Wang Yue , Meng Qingtao , Jia Hongmin , Wang Yongfei , Kong Xiangfeng , Duan Chunying , Zhang Zhiqiang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBased on coumarin dye, a novel colorimetric and fluorescent dual‐modal chemosensor (CL) was designed and synthesized for fluoride ion (F–) sensing. The spectroscopic response of CL towards F– could be attributed to the F–‐triggered multi‐hydrogen bond interaction. Job's plot analysis indicates that CL forms a 1:1 stoichiometry complex with F–. The association constant (Ka) was evaluated using the Benesi–Hildebrand method and was found to be 1.986 × 103 M−1. The fluorescence detection limit for F– was estimated to be 1.5 ppb based on a 3σ/slope. CL could be easily prepared as CL‐coated chromatography plates to “naked‐eye” detect of F– in different natural water samples at a low detection limit of 1 ppm.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Benzofuranone Derivatives and Azomethine Ylides Promoted by Simple Functional Ionic Liquids: Direct Access to Highly Substituted Pyrrolidine and Spirocyclic Benzofuranone
Authors: Zhang Chuan‐Bao , Dou Pei‐Hao , Zhang Jun , Wei Qiang‐Qiang , Wang Yan‐Bo , Zhu Jun‐Yan , Fu Ji‐Ya , Ding Tao 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe have successfully established an efficient catalytic system, which was effective for construction of both spiro[pyrrolidine‐benzofuran‐3‐one] and spiro[pyrrolidine‐benzofuran‐2‐one] compounds. The first 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of 2‐alkylidene‐benzofuran‐3‐one with azomethine ylides with simple functional ionic liquids as catalysts was developed, affording a variety of spiro[pyrrolidine‐benzofuran‐3‐one] compounds containing highly substituted pyrrolidine motifs with a spiro quaternary stereogenic center in excellent yields (73‐99 %). The highly efficient catalytic system exhibited broad substrate scopes under mild conditions. Meanwhile, this catalytic system was also extended to the cycloaddition of 3‐alkylidene‐benzofuran‐2‐one with azomethine ylides and gave spiro[pyrrolidine‐benzofuran‐2‐one] compounds in high yields (82‐99 %) and 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of 2‐alkylidene‐benzofuran‐3‐one with pyrazolidinone‐based dipoles giving the desired products in 25–85 % yields.
Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Polymer Supported Imidazolidinone Catalysts for Enantioselective Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation of Indoles
Authors: Pagoti Sreenivasarao , Ghosh Tridev , Dash Jyotirmayee 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe copper catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition has been used for the immobilization of enantiopure tbutyl‐imidazolidin‐4‐one on magnetic nanoparticles (MNP‐A, MNP‐B) at two different anchoring sites and a Merrifield resin support (PS). The obtained catalysts have been characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, XRD and TEM. These catalysts have been used in alkylation of indoles with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes affording the desired products in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. MNP‐A with the magnetic nano‐functionalization at the amide nitrogen (N3) position shows relatively lower catalytic efficiency compared to MNP‐B with nanoparticles anchored at the O‐aryl residue. The PS, owing to its high loading of the catalyst, shows higher catalytic activity than MNP‐A and MNP‐B but the magnetic nanocatalysts show higher recycling efficiency than the PS as they can be easily separated from the reaction medium through simple magnetic decantation.
Consultation is not consent: hydraulic fracturing and water governance on Indigenous lands in Canada
Authors: Moore Michele‐Lee , von der Porten Suzanne , Castleden Heather 
Published: September 2016

The rapid increase in private sector proposals and permit applications to use water for the purpose of hydraulic fracturing has led to significant concerns in nearly every jurisdiction in the world where shale gas development has been explored. In addition to concerns about risks to water quantity and quality, in Canada, shale gas development has highlighted how the Crown (federal and provincial governments) continues to struggle in its approach to honor, respect, and uphold Nation‐to‐Nation relationships with Indigenous peoples. But moving beyond the criticism, we argue that these circumstances have provided a renewed opportunity to explore alternative governance approaches. Existing water governance challenges are exacerbated by historical injustices generated by resource management approaches that have exposed Indigenous nations to disproportionate environmental risks. Furthermore, the inadequacy of current water governance approaches to recognizing Indigenous rights, self‐determination, ways of knowing, and values has been well established in literature relating to environmental governance and Indigenous peoples. Given these circumstances, if water is allocated to hydraulic fracturing in Canada with continued disregard for Indigenous rights and risks, we contend that this only further intensifies unjust environmental and cultural harm to Indigenous peoples. In the quest for solutions, we discuss the challenges to alternative models (co‐management, collaborative governance, and impact benefit agreements) that are frequently cited in environment‐Indigenous literature. We conclude with recommendations to address the unresolved challenges inherent in these governance models, in the interest of improving water decision‐making. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1180. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1180This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Rights to Water
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Densities and perceptions of jaguars in coastal Nayarit, Mexico
Authors: Figel Joe J. , Ruíz‐Gutiérrez Fernando , Brown David E. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTConservation of large carnivores will require greater analyses of population parameters, habitat use, and distribution in multiuse landscapes as human populations increase and agriculture expands. We used Bayesian spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) models and completed 82 interviews in 24 localities over 4 field seasons from April 2009 to March 2013 to estimate densities and assess residents’ perceptions of jaguars (Panthera onca) in the San Blas Municipality within the southern Marismas Nacionales ecosystem in Nayarit, Mexico. Camera traps accumulated 90 detections of 9 jaguars (2 M, 5 F, and 2 individuals of unknown sex) in a 194‐km2 area during 1,575 trap‐nights from April to June 2010. We detected jaguars at 16 of the 27 camera‐trap sites and calculated a density estimate of 2.04 (SE = 0.45) individuals/100 km2 using the SECR method. This is one of the first studies to use SECR models for jaguar density estimation and 1 of only 2 studies throughout jaguar distribution to estimate population parameters of the species where human population densities reach >50 people/km2. Future studies in this unique landscape should focus on jaguar status in the northern stretches of the Marismas Nacionales and research the mechanisms that may allow this large carnivore to persist in altered landscapes among human population densities greater than previously believed to be tolerable by the species. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Effect of Ionic Liquids on Surface and Aggregation Properties of Non‐ionic Surfactant Triton™ X‐100 in Aqueous Media
Authors: Pal Amalendu , Pillania Ankita 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe effect of the hydrophilic ionic liquids (ILs) 1‐butyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium bromide [bdmim][Br] and 1‐hexyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium bromide [hdmim][Br] on the aggregation and surface active behaviour of the non‐ionic surfactant Triton™ X‐100 (TX‐100) was studied in aqueous media. Several aggregation properties of TX‐100 + IL/water systems, such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface active parameters, aggregation number (Nagg) and aggregate size, were determined by surface tension, fluorescence and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. It was found that the average micellar size and aggregation number decrease, whereas the CMC increases with increasing concentration of ILs. Interestingly, the CMC value of TX‐100 is reduced slightly below 0.5 wt% of both the ILs in the medium. At higher wt% of IL in the system the CMC increases. It was demonstrated that ILs [bdmim][Br] and [hdmim][Br] can be judiciously used at different wt% for modifying the physico‐chemical properties of TX‐100.
The Dynamics of Son Preference, Technology Diffusion, and Fertility Decline Underlying Distorted Sex Ratios at Birth: A Simulation Approach
Authors: Kashyap Ridhi , Villavicencio Francisco 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We present a micro-founded simulation model that formalizes the “ready, willing, and able” framework, originally used to explain historical fertility decline, to the practice of prenatal sex selection. The model generates sex ratio at birth (SRB) distortions from the bottom up and attempts to quantify plausible levels, trends, and interactions of son preference, technology diffusion, and fertility decline that underpin SRB trajectories at the macro level. Calibrating our model for South Korea, we show how even as the proportion with a preference for sons was declining, SRB distortions emerged due to rapid diffusion of prenatal sex determination technology combined with small but growing propensities to abort at low birth parities. Simulations reveal that relatively low levels of son preference (about 20 % to 30 % wanting one son) can result in skewed SRB levels if technology diffuses early and steadily, and if fertility falls rapidly to encourage sex-selective abortion at low parities. Model sensitivity analysis highlights how the shape of sex ratio trajectories is particularly sensitive to the timing and speed of prenatal sex-determination technology diffusion. The maximum SRB levels reached in a population are influenced by how the readiness to abort rises as a function of the fertility decline.
Intercultural doctor-patient communication in daily outpatient care: relevant communication skills
Authors: Paternotte Emma , Scheele Fedde , Seeleman Conny M. , Bank Lindsay , Scherpbier Albert J. J. A. , Van Dulmen Sandra 
Published: September 2016

Introduction Intercultural communication (ICC) between doctors and patients is often associated with misunderstandings and dissatisfaction. To develop ICC-specific medical education, it is important to find out which ICC skills medical specialists currently apply in daily clinical consultations.
Methods Doctor-patient consultations of Dutch doctors with non-Dutch patients were videotaped in a multi-ethnic hospital in the Netherlands. The consultations were analyzed using the validated MAAS-Global assessment list in combination with factors influencing ICC, as described in the literature.
Results In total, 39 videotaped consultations were analyzed. The doctors proved to be capable of practising many communication skills, such as listening and empathic communication behaviour. Other skills were not practised, such as being culturally aware and checking the patient’s language ability.
Conclusion We showed that doctors did practice some but not all the relevant ICC skills and that the ICC style of the doctors was mainly biomedically centred. Furthermore, we discussed the possible overlap between intercultural and patient-centred communication. Implications for practice could be to implement the relevant ICC skills in the existing communication training or develop a communication training with a patient-centred approach including ICC skills.
Efecto de la innovación en el crecimiento y el desempeño de las Mipymes de la Alianza del Pacífico. Un estudio empírico
Authors: García-Pérez de Lema Domingo , Gálvez-Albarracín Edgar Julián , Maldonado-Guzmán Gonzalo 
Published: September 2016

Este trabajo analiza el efecto de la actividad innovadora sobre el crecimiento y el rendimiento de las Mipyme de los países de la Alianza del Pacífico (AP). Para ello se realizó un estudio empírico con una muestra de 386 empresas de Chile, Colombia, México y Perú. Para verificar las relaciones planteadas se utilizan regresiones lineales múltiples por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO). Los resultados muestran que la innovación en productos, en procesos y engestión impacta positivamente el crecimiento del empleo y las ventas, y así mismo a las utilidades. Estos resultados son especialmente relevantes para los países de la AP y pueden ayudar a los empresarios, a los gobiernos y a la academia para impulsar acciones que favorezcan la innovación de las empresas y su competitividad.
Atrial electromechanical delay in patients undergoing heart transplantation
Authors: Bulut Mustafa , Evlice Mert , Celik Mehmet , Eren Hayati , Savluk Ömer F. , Acar Rezzan D. , Tabakci Mustafa , Emiroglu Mehmet Y. , Otcu (Nurse) Ozlem , Kargin Ramazan , Balkanay Mehmet , Akcakoyun Mustafa 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to assess atrial electromechanical delay (AEMD) in patients who had undergone heart transplantation.MethodsA total of 32 patients who underwent biatrial anastomosis heart transplantation (24 men, 8 women; mean age: 42±11 years) and 30 healthy volunteers (20 men, 10 women; mean age: 36±13 years) were included in the study. Atrial electromechanical coupling (PA), intra‐AEMD, and inter‐AEMD were measured.ResultsPA lateral (68±7 vs. 51±11 ms, p<0.01), PA septal (50±5 vs. 42±8 ms, p< 0.01) and PA tricuspid (39±6 vs. 36±9 ms, p<0.01), inter‐AEMD (PA lateral–PA tricuspid) (27±7 vs. 10±4 ms, p<0.01), left intra‐AEMD (PA lateral–PA septal) (18±7 vs. 10±4 ms, p<0.01), right intra‐AEMD (PA septal–PA tricuspid) (13±5 vs. 5±3 ms, p<0.01) values were higher in patients who underwent heart transplantation than in a control population.ConclusionInter‐AEMD and intra‐AEMD were prolonged in patients who underwent heart transplantation as compared to a control population. This may explain the increased atrial fibrillation and other atrial arrhythmia incidences associated with the biatrial anastomosis heart transplantation technique and may contribute to the treatment of atrial fibrillation in this special patient group.
Estudio anatómico de la vascularización peroneal y su importancia clínica para el injerto vascularizado de peroné
Authors: Martí M.R. , Medina D. , Español G.J. , Pérez M. , Betancourt J.R. 
Published: September 2016

Introducción: Desde que Ueba utilizara por primera vez el injerto óseo vascularizado de peroné en 1973, esta técnica se ha usado con éxito como método de reconstrucción de múltiples tipos de defectos óseos. La correcta vascularización del injerto es clave para su supervivencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la vascularización diafisaria y epifisaria proximal del peroné.Material y método: Se utilizaron 12 especímenes de cadáver criopreservado inyectados con látex negro. Se procedió a su disección, seguida de una técnica de corrosión en solución alcalina para demostrar la distribución de la red vascular del peroné de forma precisa.Resultados: Observamos que el peroné recibe su irrigación sobre todo de una abundante red de vasos periósticos en la diáfisis y en menor medida de la arteria nutricia. Apreciamos que la epífisis proximal presenta entre 2 y 6 ramos recurrentes, procedentes de las arterias tibial anterior y tronco tibioperoneo.Conclusión: El aporte vascular perióstico de la diáfisis del peroné es el mayoritario, siendo limitada la vascularización a través de la arteria nutricia. En la epífisis proximal, la presencia de vasos recurrentes accesorios puede ser de relevancia durante la cirugía.
Hybrid Strategies, Dysfunctional Competition, and New Venture Performance in Transition Economies
Authors: Du Yunzhou , Kim Phillip H. , Aldrich Howard E. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTConventional wisdom suggests that new ventures can employ a combination of two general strategies to confront the challenges of operating in transition economies or regions known for their weak institutional conditions: These ventures may succeed by enacting amarket-orientationstrategy, which focuses on providing value to customers and implementing rapid responses to competitive situations. They can also engage in a more traditionalpolitical-networkingstrategy that engages government officials, which may yield public resources and enhance their organizational legitimacy. However, research results are inconclusive regarding the effectiveness of these strategies when they are combined in a hybrid form. We argue that the advantages of a hybrid strategy are contingent on the perception of a specific condition:dysfunctional competition. In our analysis of new venture performance in China, we show that political networking indeed amplifies the positive influence of market-orientation strategies on performance, but only in contexts where dysfunctional competition is perceived to be low. When such competition is high, political networking becomes counterproductive, diverting attention away from swift responses to market demands. By addressing how multiple strategies work together, we offer insights into the extent to which the effectiveness of hybrid strategies – incorporating both market-orientation and political-networking – depend on the context in which they are implemented.
Ethical and Clinical Considerations at the Intersection of Functional Neuroimaging and Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: BYRAM ADRIAN C. , LEE GRACE , OWEN ADRIAN M. , RIBARY URS , STOESSL A. JON , TOWNSON ANDREA , ILLES JUDY 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:Recent neuroimaging research on disorders of consciousness provides direct evidence of covert consciousness otherwise not detected clinically in a subset of severely brain-injured patients. These findings have motivated strategic development of binary communication paradigms, from which researchers interpret voluntary modulations in brain activity to glean information about patients’ residual cognitive functions and emotions. The discovery of such responsiveness raises ethical and legal issues concerning the exercise of autonomy and capacity for decisionmaking on matters such as healthcare, involvement in research, and end of life. These advances have generated demands for access to the technology against a complex background of continued scientific advancement, questions about just allocation of healthcare resources, and unresolved legal issues. Interviews with professionals whose work is relevant to patients with disorders of consciousness reveal priorities concerning further basic research, legal and policy issues, and clinical considerations.
Teens and Research
Authors: NEUHAUS CAROLYN PLUNKETT 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:On seeing promising results in a small number of patients, some researchers are conducting trials to determine whether deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN). This article asks whether we should open enrollment in trials of DBS for AN to adolescents. Despite concerns about informed consent, parental consent, and unforeseeable psychological sequelae, the article concludes that the risks to anorexic adolescents associated with participation in trials of DBS are reasonable considering the substantial risks of not enrolling teens with AN in research on DBS. The seriousness of AN, its high incidence in teens, and serious shortfalls in the AN treatment literature point to the need for improved, evidence-based treatments for teens with AN. This unmet need generates an obligation on the part of researchers and physicians to promote and conduct research on AN in adolescents.
Don’t Ask a Neuroscientist about Phases of the Moon
Authors: SHATS KATHERINE , BRINDLEY TIMOTHY , GIORDANO JAMES 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:Ongoing developments in neuroscientific techniques and technologies—such as neuroimaging—offer potential for greater insight into human behavior and have fostered temptation to use these approaches in legal contexts. Neuroscientists are increasingly called on to provide expert testimony, interpret brain images, and thereby inform judges and juries who are tasked with determining the guilt or innocence of an individual. In this essay, we draw attention to the actual capabilities and limitations of currently available assessment neurotechnologies and examine whether neuroscientific evidence presents unique challenges to existing frameworks of evidence law. In particular, we focus on (1) fundamental questions of relevance and admissibility that can and should be posed before the tests afforded inDaubert v. Merrill Dow PharmaceuticalsorFrye v. U.S.are applied and (2) how these considerations fit into the broader contexts of criminal law. We contend that neuroscientific evidence must first be scrutinized more heavily for its relevance, withinDaubertand Federal Rule of Evidence 702, to ensure that the right questions are asked of neuroscientists, so as to enable expert interpretation of neuroscientific evidence within the limits of their knowledge and discipline that allows the judge or jury to determine the facts at issue in the case. We use the analogy provided by theDaubertcourt of an expert on the phases of the moon testifying to an individual’s behavior on a particular night to ensure that we are, in fact, asking the neuroscientific expert the appropriate question.
Does bipolar disorder have a benign course?
Authors: Almeida Osvaldo P. 
Published: September 2016

Written records have been describing extreme states of emotions since ancient Greece (Angst and Marneros, 2001), but Aretaeus of Cappadocia (which is geographically located in modern Turkey) was probably the first to outline the close relationship between depression and mania nearly 2000 years ago: “I think that melancholia is the beginning and a part of mania. . . The development of mania is really a worsening of the disease rather than a change into another disease. . . In most of them the sadness became better after various lengths of time and changed into happiness; the patients then developed a mania” (Angst and Marneros, 2001). Limited progress in our understanding of these extreme states of affect occurred until the mid-1800s, when both German and French physicians suggested that the change from melancholia to mania was not only “usual,” but that the continuous cycle between depression, mania, and disease free intervals were the key features of a mental disorder. Jean Pierre Falret named the disorder “folie circulaire” (1851), while Jules Baillarger called it “folie a double-form” (1854).