bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Accuracy of Three Pediatric Disaster Triage Strategies: A Simulation-Based Investigation
Authors: Cicero Mark X. , Overly Frank , Brown Linda , Yarzebski Jorge , Walsh Barbara , Shabanova Veronika , Auerbach Marc , Riera Antonio , Adelgais Kathleen , Meckler Garth , Cone David C. , Baum Carl R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear which pediatric disaster triage (PDT) strategy yields the best accuracy or best patient outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis on a sample of emergency medical services providers from a prospective cohort study comparing the accuracy and triage outcomes for 2 PDT strategies (Smart and JumpSTART) and clinical decision-making (CDM) with no algorithm. Participants were divided into cohorts by triage strategy. We presented 10-victim, multi-modal disaster simulations. A Delphi method determined patients’ expected triage levels. We compared triage accuracy overall and for each triage level (RED/Immediate, YELLOW/Delayed, GREEN/Ambulatory, BLACK/Deceased).ResultsThere were 273 participants (71 JumpSTART, 122 Smart, and 81 CDM). There was no significant difference between Smart triage and CDM. When JumpSTART triage was used, there was greater accuracy than with either Smart (P<0.001; OR [odds ratio]: 2.03; interquartile range [IQR]: 1.30, 3.17) or CDM (P=0.02; OR: 1.76; IQR: 1.10, 2.82). JumpSTART outperformed Smart for RED patients (P=0.05; OR: 1.48; IQR: 1.01,2.17), and outperformed both Smart (P<0.001; OR: 3.22; IQR: 1.78,5.88) and CDM (P<0.001; OR: 2.86; IQR: 1.53,5.26) for YELLOW patients. Furthermore, JumpSTART outperformed CDM for BLACK patients (P=0.01; OR: 5.55; IQR: 1.47, 20.0).ConclusionOur simulation-based comparison suggested that JumpSTART triage outperforms both Smart and CDM. JumpSTART outperformed Smart for RED patients and CDM for BLACK patients. For YELLOW patients, JumpSTART yielded more accurate triage results than did Smart triage or CDM. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:253–260)
Lattice Boltzmann simulations of low-Reynolds-number flow past fluidized spheres: effect of Stokes number on drag force
Authors: Rubinstein Gregory J. , Derksen J. J. , Sundaresan Sankaran 
Published: January 2016

In a fluidized bed, the drag force acts to oppose the downward force of gravity on a particle, and thus provides the main mechanism for fluidization. Drag models that are employed in large-scale simulations of fluidized beds are typically based on either fixed-particle beds or the sedimentation of particles in liquids. In low-Reynolds-number ($Re$) systems, these two types of fluidized beds represent the limits of high Stokes number ($St$) and low $St$, respectively. In this work, the fluid–particle drag behaviour of these two regimes is bridged by investigating the effect of $St$ on the drag force in low-$Re$ systems. This study is conducted using fully resolved lattice Boltzmann simulations of a system composed of fluid and monodisperse spherical particles. In these simulations, the particles are free to translate and rotate based on the effects of the surrounding fluid. Through this work, three distinct regimes in the characteristics of the fluid–particle drag force are observed: low, intermediate and high $St$. It is found that, in the low-$Re$ regime, a decrease in $St$ results in a reduction in the fluid–particle drag. Based on the simulation results, a new drag relation is proposed, which is, unlike previous models, dependent on $St$.
New hydroelastic solitary waves in deep water and their dynamics
Authors: Gao T. , Wang Z. , Vanden-Broeck J.-M. 
Published: January 2016

A numerical study of fully nonlinear waves propagating through a two-dimensional deep fluid covered by a floating flexible plate is presented. The nonlinear model proposed by Toland (Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal., vol. 289, 2008, pp. 325–362) is used to formulate the pressure exerted by the thin elastic sheet. The symmetric solitary waves previously found by Guyenne & Părău (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 713, 2012, pp. 307–329) and Wang et al. (IMA J. Appl. Maths, vol. 78, 2013, pp. 750–761) are briefly reviewed. A new class of hydroelastic solitary waves which are non-symmetric in the direction of wave propagation is then computed. These asymmetric solitary waves have a multi-packet structure and appear via spontaneous symmetry-breaking bifurcations. We study in detail the stability properties of both symmetric and asymmetric solitary waves subject to longitudinal perturbations. Some moderate-amplitude symmetric solitary waves are found to be stable. A series of numerical experiments are performed to show the non-elastic behaviour of two interacting stable solitary waves. The large response generated by a localised steady pressure distribution moving at a speed slightly below the minimum of the phase speed (called the transcritical regime in the literature) is also examined. The direct numerical simulation of the fully nonlinear equations with a single load reveals that in this range the generated waves are of finite amplitude. This includes a perturbed depression solitary wave, which is qualitatively similar to the large response observed in experiments. The excitations of stable elevation solitary waves are achieved by applying multiple loads moving with a speed in the transcritical regime.
Crossing the management fashion border: The adoption of business process reengineering services by management consultants offering total quality management services in the United States, 1992–2004
Authors: Jung Dong-II , Lee Won-Hee 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBuilding on prior research on management fashion, this paper seeks to understand how management consultants respond to the boom-to-bust cycles of competing management fashion trends. Specifically, we examine how US management consulting firms offering total quality management (TQM) services responded to the rise and fall of the rival management practice, business process reengineering (BPR), with an empirical focus on the adoption of BPR services. We find that a consulting firm offering TQM services was more likely to adopt BPR services if the firm’s organizational capabilities and institutional environments were more connected to BPR’s principles than to TQM’s principles. This suggests that management fashions are not simply bandwagon phenomena, but involve resource- and identity-based decision making. We also find that the significance of organizational capabilities increased while that of network influences decreased as BPR’s boom turned to bust. The reversal of well-established institutional accounts of innovation diffusion is explained by reference to the characteristics of management fashion.
Consumption ofBuglossoides arvensisseed oil is safe and increases tissue long-chainn-3 fatty acid content more than flax seed oil – results of a phase I randomised clinical trial
Authors: Lefort Natalie , LeBlanc Rémi , Giroux Marie-Andrée , Surette Marc E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEnrichment of tissues with ≥20-carbonn-3 PUFA like EPA is associated with positive cardiovascular outcomes. Stearidonic acid (SDA; 18 : 4n-3) and α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18 : 3n-3) are plant-derived dietaryn-3 PUFA; however, direct comparisons of their impact on tissuen-3 PUFA content are lacking. Ahiflower®oil extracted fromBuglossoides arvensisseeds is the richest known non-genetically modified source of dietary SDA. To investigate the safety and efficacy of dietary Ahiflower oil, a parallel-group, randomised, double-blind, comparator-controlled phase I clinical trial was performed. Diets of healthy subjects (n40) were supplemented for 28 d with 9·1 g/d of Ahiflower (46 % ALA, 20 % SDA) or flax seed oil (59 % ALA). Blood and urine chemistries, blood lipid profiles, hepatic and renal function tests and haematology were measured as safety parameters. The fatty acid composition of fasting plasma, erythrocytes, polymorphonuclear cells and mononuclear cells were measured at baseline and after 14 and 28 d of supplementation. No clinically significant changes in safety parameters were measured in either group. Tissue ALA and EPA content increased in both groups compared with baseline, but EPA accrual in plasma and in all cell types was greater in the Ahiflower group (time × treatment interactions,P ≤ 0·01). Plasma and mononuclear cell eicosatetraenoic acid (20 : 4n-3) and docosapentaenoic acid (22 : 5n-3) content also increased significantly in the Ahiflower group compared with the flax group. In conclusion, the consumption of Ahiflower oil is safe and is more effective for the enrichment of tissues with 20- and 22-carbonn-3 PUFA than flax seed oil.
Fusion Systems on Bicyclic 2-Groups
Authors: Sambale Benjamin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe classify all (saturated) fusion systems on bicyclic 2-groups. Here, a bicyclic group is a product of two cyclic subgroups. This extends previous work on fusion systems on metacyclic 2-groups. As an application we prove Olsson's conjecture for all blocks with bicyclic defect groups.
Interactions between the intestinal cestode Polyonchobothrium clarias (Pseudophyllidea: Ptychobothriidae) from the African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus and heavy metal pollutants in an aquatic environment in Egypt
Authors: Abdel-Gaber R. , Abdel-Ghaffar F. , Bashtar A.-R. , Morsy K. , Saleh R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn an aquatic environment, there is a profound and inverse relationship between environmental quality and disease status of fish. Parasites are one of the most serious limiting factors in aquaculture. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out during the period of February–December 2014 to determine the parasitic infections in the African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus, relative to the capability of internal parasites to accumulate heavy metals. Up to 100 catfish were examined for gastrointestinal helminths and 38% of fish were found to be infected with the cestode Polyonchobothrium clarias. The morphology of this parasite species, based on light and scanning electron microscopy, revealed that the adult worm was characterized by a rectangular scolex measuring 0.43–0.58 (0.49 ± 0.1) mm long and 0.15–0.21 (0.19 ± 0.1) mm wide, with a flat to slightly raised rostellum armed with a crown with two semicircles each bearing 13–15 hooks, followed by immature, mature and gravid proglottids which were about 29–55 (45), 16–30 (24) and 15–39 (28) in number, respectively. The mature proglottid contained a single set of genitalia in which medullary testes measured 0.09–0.13 (0.11 ± 0.01) mm long and 0.05–0.08 (0.06 ± 0.01) mm wide; a bi-lobed ovary was situated near the posterior margin of the proglottid, extending laterally up to the longitudinal excretory canals; the tubular uterus arose from the ootype up to the anterior margin of the proglottid; and vitelline follicles were cortical. The greater portion of the gravid proglottid was occupied by a uterus filled with unoperculate and embryonated eggs. Chemical analysis confirmed that the concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd, Ni and Pb) accumulated in P. clarias were higher than in fish tissues and values recommended by FAO/WHO, with the exception of Zn, which was found to be higher in fish kidneys than in the cestode. This supports the hypothesis that cestodes of fish can be regarded as useful bioindicators when evaluating the environmental pollution of aquatic ecosystems by heavy metals.
Salmonellaburden in Lebanon
Authors: MALAEB M. , BIZRI A. R. , GHOSN N. , BERRY A. , MUSHARRAFIEH U. 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYSalmonellosis is a disease that represents a major public health concern in both developing and developed countries. The aim of this article is to evaluate the public health burden ofSalmonellaillness in Lebanon. The current scope of theSalmonellainfection problem was assessed in relation to disease incidence and distribution with respect to age, gender and district. Factors that provide a better understanding of the magnitude of the problem were explored and highlighted. Data reported to the Epidemiologic Surveillance Department at the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health between 2001 and 2013 was reviewed. Information obtained was compared to information reported regionally and globally. The estimated true incidence was derived using multipliers from the CDC and Jordan. A literature review of all published data from Lebanon aboutSalmonellasusceptibility/resistance patterns and its serious clinical complications was conducted. The estimated incidence was 13·34 cases/100 000 individuals, most cases occurred in the 20–39 years age group with no significant gender variation. Poor and less developed districts of Lebanon had the highest number of cases and the peak incidence was in summer. Reflecting on the projected incidence derived from the use of multipliers indicates a major discrepancy between what is reported and what is estimated. We conclude that data aboutSalmonellainfection in Lebanon and many Middle Eastern and developing countries lack crucial information and are not necessarily representative of the true incidence, prevalence and burden of illness.
Ethiopian pre-school children consuming a predominantly unrefined plant-based diet have low prevalence of iron-deficiency anaemia
Authors: Gashu Dawd , Stoecker Barbara J , Adish Abdulaziz , Haki Gulelat D , Bougma Karim , Marquis Grace S 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveChildren from low-income countries consuming predominantly plant-based diets but little animal products are considered to be at risk of Fe deficiency. The present study determined the Fe status of children from resource-limited rural households.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingTwenty sixkebeles(the smallest administrative unit) from six zones of the Amhara region, Ethiopia.SubjectsChildren aged 54–60 months (n628).ResultsGrain, roots or tubers were the main dietary components consumed by 100 % of the study participants, followed by pulses, legumes or nuts (66·6 %). Consumption of fruit and vegetables (19·3 %) and meat, poultry and fish (2·2 %) was low. Children had a mean dietary diversity score of 2·1 (sd0·8). Most children (74·8 %,n470) were in the lowest dietary diversity group (1–2 food groups). Rate of any morbidity in the preceding 14 d was 22·9 % (n114). Infection or inflammation (α1-acid glycoprotein >1·2 g/l) was present in 30·2 % (n184) of children. Children had a high rate of stunting (43·2 %). Of the total sample, 13·6 % (n82) of children were anaemic, 9·1 % (n57) were Fe deficient and 5·3 % (n32) had Fe-deficiency anaemia. Fe-deficiency erythropoiesis was present in 14·2 % (n60) of children.ConclusionsDespite consuming a predominantly plant-based diet and little animal-source foods, there was a low prevalence of Fe-deficiency anaemia. This illustrates that dietary patterns can be inharmonious with Fe biochemical status; thus, Fe-related interventions require biochemical screening.
A role of stochastic phenotype switching in generating mosaic endothelial cell heterogeneity
Authors: Yuan Lei , Chan Gary C. , Beeler David , Janes Lauren , Spokes Katherine C. , Dharaneeswaran Harita , Mojiri Anahita , Adams William J. , Sciuto Tracey , Garcia-Cardeña Guillermo , Molema Grietje , Kang Peter M. , Jahroudi Nadia , Marsden Philip A. , Dvorak Ann , Regan Erzsébet Ravasz , Aird William C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that biological noise may drive dynamic phenotypic mosaicism in isogenic unicellular organisms. However, there is no evidence for a similar mechanism operating in metazoans. Here we show that the endothelial-restricted gene, von Willebrand factor (VWF), is expressed in a mosaic pattern in the capillaries of many vascular beds and in the aorta. In capillaries, the mosaicism is dynamically regulated, with VWF switching between ON and OFF states during the lifetime of the animal. Clonal analysis of cultured endothelial cells reveals that dynamic mosaic heterogeneity is controlled by a low-barrier, noise-sensitive bistable switch that involves random transitions in the DNA methylation status of the VWF promoter. Finally, the hearts of VWF-null mice demonstrate an abnormal endothelial phenotype as well as cardiac dysfunction. Together, these findings suggest a novel stochastic phenotype switching strategy for adaptive homoeostasis in the adult vasculature.
Elevated glucose and oligomeric β-amyloid disrupt synapses via a common pathway of aberrant protein S-nitrosylation
Authors: Akhtar Mohd Waseem , Sanz-Blasco Sara , Dolatabadi Nima , Parker James , Chon Kevin , Lee Michelle S. , Soussou Walid , McKercher Scott R. , Ambasudhan Rajesh , Nakamura Tomohiro , Lipton Stuart A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increase risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The molecular mechanism for this association remains poorly defined. Here we report in human and rodent tissues that elevated glucose, as found in MetS/T2DM, and oligomeric β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide, thought to be a key mediator of AD, coordinately increase neuronal Ca2+ and nitric oxide (NO) in an NMDA receptor-dependent manner. The increase in NO results in S-nitrosylation of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), thus inhibiting insulin and Aβ catabolism as well as hyperactivating mitochondrial fission machinery. Consequent elevation in Aβ levels and compromise in mitochondrial bioenergetics result in dysfunctional synaptic plasticity and synapse loss in cortical and hippocampal neurons. The NMDA receptor antagonist memantine attenuates these effects. Our studies show that redox-mediated posttranslational modification of brain proteins link Aβ and hyperglycaemia to cognitive dysfunction in MetS/T2DM and AD.
mTORC1-independent Raptor prevents hepatic steatosis by stabilizing PHLPP2
Authors: Kim KyeongJin , Qiang Li , Hayden Matthew S. , Sparling David P. , Purcell Nicole H. , Pajvani Utpal B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), defined by the presence of Raptor, is an evolutionarily conserved and nutrient-sensitive regulator of cellular growth and other metabolic processes. To date, all known functions of Raptor involve its scaffolding mTOR kinase with substrate. Here we report that mTORC1-independent (‘free’) Raptor negatively regulates hepatic Akt activity and lipogenesis. Free Raptor levels in liver decline with age and in obesity; restoration of free Raptor levels reduces liver triglyceride content, through reduced β-TrCP-mediated degradation of the Akt phosphatase, PHLPP2. Commensurately, forced PHLPP2 expression ameliorates hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obese mice. These data suggest that the balance of free and mTORC1-associated Raptor governs hepatic lipid accumulation, and uncover the potentially therapeutic role of PHLPP2 activators in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Gs-coupled GPCR signalling in AgRP neurons triggers sustained increase in food intake
Authors: Nakajima Ken-ichiro , Cui Zhenzhong , Li Chia , Meister Jaroslawna , Cui Yinghong , Fu Ou , Smith Adam S. , Jain Shalini , Lowell Bradford B. , Krashes Michael J. , Wess Jürgen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAgouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons of the hypothalamus play a key role in regulating food intake and body weight, by releasing three different orexigenic molecules: AgRP; GABA; and neuropeptide Y. AgRP neurons express various G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with different coupling properties, including Gs-linked GPCRs. At present, the potential role of Gs-coupled GPCRs in regulating the activity of AgRP neurons remains unknown. Here we show that the activation of Gs-coupled receptors expressed by AgRP neurons leads to a robust and sustained increase in food intake. We also provide detailed mechanistic data linking the stimulation of this class of receptors to the observed feeding phenotype. Moreover, we show that this pathway is clearly distinct from other GPCR signalling cascades that are operative in AgRP neurons. Our data suggest that drugs able to inhibit this signalling pathway may become useful for the treatment of obesity.
Light Higgs channel of the resonant decay of magnon condensate in superfluid 3He-B
Authors: Zavjalov V. V. , Autti S. , Eltsov V. B. , Heikkinen P. J. , Volovik G. E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn superfluids the order parameter, which describes spontaneous symmetry breaking, is an analogue of the Higgs field in the Standard Model of particle physics. Oscillations of the field amplitude are massive Higgs bosons, while oscillations of the orientation are massless Nambu-Goldstone bosons. The 125 GeV Higgs boson, discovered at Large Hadron Collider, is light compared with electroweak energy scale. Here, we show that such light Higgs exists in superfluid 3He-B, where one of three Nambu-Goldstone spin-wave modes acquires small mass due to the spin–orbit interaction. Other modes become optical and acoustic magnons. We observe parametric decay of Bose-Einstein condensate of optical magnons to light Higgs modes and decay of optical to acoustic magnons. Formation of a light Higgs from a Nambu-Goldstone mode observed in 3He-B opens a possibility that such scenario can be realized in other systems, where violation of some hidden symmetry is possible, including the Standard Model.
Pre-vaccination inflammation and B-cell signalling predict age-related hyporesponse to hepatitis B vaccination
Authors: Fourati Slim , Cristescu Razvan , Loboda Andrey , Talla Aarthi , Filali Ali , Railkar Radha , Schaeffer Andrea K. , Favre David , Gagnon Dominic , Peretz Yoav , Wang I-Ming , Beals Chan R. , Casimiro Danilo R. , Carayannopoulos Leonidas N. , Sékaly Rafick-Pierre 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAging is associated with hyporesponse to vaccination, whose mechanisms remain unclear. In this study hepatitis B virus (HBV)-naive older adults received three vaccines, including one against HBV. Here we show, using transcriptional and cytometric profiling of whole blood collected before vaccination, that heightened expression of genes that augment B-cell responses and higher memory B-cell frequencies correlate with stronger responses to HBV vaccine. In contrast, higher levels of inflammatory response transcripts and increased frequencies of pro-inflammatory innate cells correlate with weaker responses to this vaccine. Increased numbers of erythrocytes and the haem-induced response also correlate with poor response to the HBV vaccine. A transcriptomics-based pre-vaccination predictor of response to HBV vaccine is built and validated in distinct sets of older adults. This moderately accurate (area under the curve≈65%) but robust signature is supported by flow cytometry and cytokine profiling. This study is the first that identifies baseline predictors and mechanisms of response to the HBV vaccine.
Skill complementarity enhances heterophily in collaboration networks
Authors: Xie Wen-Jie , Li Ming-Xia , Jiang Zhi-Qiang , Tan Qun-Zhao , Podobnik Boris , Zhou Wei-Xing , Stanley H. Eugene 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMuch empirical evidence shows that individuals usually exhibit significant homophily in social networks. We demonstrate, however, skill complementarity enhances heterophily in the formation of collaboration networks, where people prefer to forge social ties with people who have professions different from their own. We construct a model to quantify the heterophily by assuming that individuals choose collaborators to maximize utility. Using a huge database of online societies, we find evidence of heterophily in collaboration networks. The results of model calibration confirm the presence of heterophily. Both empirical analysis and model calibration show that the heterophilous feature is persistent along the evolution of online societies. Furthermore, the degree of skill complementarity is positively correlated with their production output. Our work sheds new light on the scientific research utility of virtual worlds for studying human behaviors in complex socioeconomic systems.