bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamental characteristics and first prototype of a novel claw pole type half-wave rectified variable field flux motor
Authors: Abe Takashi , Ohba Ryohei , Higuchi Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– Recently, considerable attention has been attracted to the development of the new concept motor for EV or HEV. Wider torque and speed controllable operating range and high efficiency under driving area are needed for traction motor. The purpose of this paper is to realize the new concept variable field flux motor with claw pole rotor and brushless robust structure for high-speed range.Design/methodology/approach– In the previous paper, the authors proposed a half-wave rectified brushless variable field flux method with a diode inserted into the field winding. This paper presents a designing for a novel claw pole rotor type motor using the variable field flux method (CP-HVFM). The claw pole type rotor has simple and robust structure for high-speed operation. This paper describes a first prototype design result for CP-HVFM using 3D-FEM. And the authors report the torque and efficiency characteristic results using 3D-FEM.Findings– The authors have studied the designing for CP-HVFM using 3D-FEM. The designed prototype CP-HVFM reached a rated power of 2 kW or more at a rated speed 1,800 rpm under design restrictions of experimental equipment and initial specifications. In addition, the authors found the ratio of the tip and root embrace of the claw pole shape for maximum average torque and minimum torque ripple. Finally, the authors revealed an influence of the armature current on the torque and the efficiency characteristic results for the designed prototype CP-HVFM using 3D-FEM.Originality/value– The half-wave rectified brushless variable field flux method proved to be effective for the claw pole rotor type motor. And also the authors found the best claw pole shape for torque characteristic. This results are applied to another concept motor for EV or HEV.
Analysis and determination of mechanical bearing load caused by unbalanced magnetic pull
Authors: Ruf Andreas , Schröder Michael , Putri Aryanti Kusuma , Konrad Roman , Franck David , Hameyer Kay 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to focus on the mechanical bearing load caused by the unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP), which is studied in detail. The applied approach is based on an analysis of static and dynamic eccentricities at different positions and different amplitudes. The influence of the operating points is calculated to show the effective bearing load for machines operating at different speeds. The decreasing lifetime of the applied bearings is examined and evaluated in detail.

Design/methodology/approach
– To evaluate the proposed methodology a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with buried magnets is used. To consider effects of slotting and saturation, a finite element (FE) model is employed. The Monte Carlo method is used to determine the most likely amplitudes of the eccentricities. Calculating the UMP for all possible operating points using a control strategy for the machine and coupling this results with a drive cycle, determines the effective force acting on the bearing.

Findings
– It has been shown that the position of the eccentricity has a not significant influence on the behavior of the UMP and may therefore be neglected. The amplitude of the eccentricity vector influences the amplitude of the UMP including all harmonic force components. For technical relevant eccentricities, the influence is approximately linear for the average and the dominant harmonics of the UMP. In most cases, it is sufficient to displace the rotor at an arbitrary position and amplitude. It is sufficient to simulate one type of eccentricity (static or dynamic) with an arbitrary value of displacement (rotor or stator) to evaluate all possible airgap unbalances. Using stochastic simulations of the eccentricity amplitudes enables an a priori design and lifetime estimation of bearings.

Originality/value
– This paper gives a close insight on the effect of mechanical bearing load caused by rotor eccentricities. The effect of the position of the eccentricity vector, the operational range and a drive cycle are considered. A stochastic simulation and an empirical lifetime model of one bearing gives an example of using this methodological approach.
Novel switched flux machine with radial and circumferential permanent magnets
Authors: Al-ani M.M.J. , Zhu Z.Q. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The paper purposes a novel SFPM machine topology with radial and circumferential permanent magnets (PMs). The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approach– In order to reduce the flux leakage in the stator-outer region and consequently achieve higher magnetic material utilization in switched flux permanent magnet (SFPM) machine, a novel topology with radial and circumferential PMs is proposed. This topology (SFRCPM) has the same structure as conventional SFPM (CSFPM) machine except of the additional set of radially magnetized PMs located around the back iron and surrounded by a laminated ring frame. Using finite element analysis (FEA) the influence of the design parameters on the performance is investigated in order to obtain an effective optimization procedure. Internal and external rotor SFRCPM machines with either NdFeB or ferrite magnets are investigated, optimized and compared with the CSFPM machine having the same size, copper loss and stator/rotor pole combination.Findings– It is concluded that comparing SFRCPM with its CSFPM machine counterpart, internal rotor SFRCPM machine can achieve high PM flux-linkage per magnet volume, however reduced slot area leads to low output torque, whereas external rotor SFRCPM machine can produce higher torque and torque per magnet volume.Originality/value– This paper proposes a novel SFPM machine topology.
Design of external rotor switched flux memory machine with hybrid magnets
Authors: Wu D. , Zhu Z.Q. , Liu X. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to propose the design concepts of external rotor switched flux hybrid magnet memory machine (SFHMMM) to further increase the torque capability while keeping the merits of internal rotor SFHMMM, such as adjustable back-EMF, and good flux weakening performance, etc.Design/methodology/approach– The torque enhancing principle of external rotor SFHMMM, and the design considerations such as feasible stator and rotor pole numbers (Ns/Nr) are discussed by equations. Then, the performances such as back-EMF, dq-axis inductances, torque and flux weakening performances are calculated and compared with the aid of finite element analysis software.Findings– The external rotor SFHMMMs have obviously larger torque capabilities compared with the internal rotor ones under the same copper loss and machine size. The main reason is that the external SFHMMs could fully utilize the inner space of stator, which offers higher slot area, larger split ratio and consequently the higher average torque. For the external rotor machines with larger rotor pole numberNr, the back-EMF adjust ratio as well as the maxim torque are better. However, leakage flux and losses also increase with Nr due to limited machine size and higher operation frequency. Considering torque capability and flux weakening performance (efficiency map), the external SFHMMM withNr=2Ns+1, e.g. 6/13Ns/Nrstator/rotor pole machine, is the optimal choice.Originality/value– This paper introduces the design concept and design considerations of external SFHMMM for the first time. The proposed machine could be a competent candidate for direct-drive electric vehicle applications.
Analytical sub-domain model for predicting open-circuit field of permanent magnet vernier machine accounting for tooth tips
Authors: Oner Y. , Zhu Z.Q. , Wu L.J. , Ge X. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Due to high electromagnetic torque at low speed, vernier machines are suitable for direct-drive applications such as electric vehicles and wind power generators. The purpose of this paper is to present an exact sub-domain model for analytically predicting the open-circuit magnetic field of permanent magnet vernier machine (PMVM) including tooth tips. The entire field domain is divided into five regions, viz. magnets, air gap, slot openings, slots, and flux-modulation pole slots (FMPs). The model accounts for the influence of interaction between PMs, FMPs and slots, and radial/parallel magnetization.

Design/methodology/approach
– Magnetic field distributions for slot and air-gap, flux linkage, back-EMF and cogging torque waveforms are obtained from the analytical method and validated by finite element analysis (FEA).

Findings
– It is found that the developed sub-domain model including tooth tips is very accurate and is applicable to PMVM having any combination of slots/FMPs/PMs.

Originality/value
– The main contributions include: accurate sub-domain model for PMVM is proposed for open-circuit including tooth-tip which cannot be accounted for in literature; the model accounts the interaction between flux modulation pole (FMP) and slot; developed sub-domain model is accurate and applicable to any slot/FMP/PM combinations; and it has investigated the influence of FMP/slot opening width/height on cogging torque.
Modeling and simulation analysis of the hybrid excitation synchronous machine system utilizing tooth harmonic for excitation
Authors: Xia Yonghong , Liu Junbo , Xu Bo , Wu Hongjian 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel hybrid excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator (HEPMSG) utilizing tooth harmonic for excitation, the structural features and operation principle of which are also described.

Design/methodology/approach
– To obtain the operation performance quickly, this paper derives the mathematical model of the machine system represented by circuit, and analyzes the operation mode of rectifier circuit in the tooth harmonic excitation system, then the standard state equations for each operation mode are obtained. Combining the inductance parameter of this machine with the load resistance and inductance, the armature current waveform, the field current waveform and tooth harmonic winding current waveform are obtained by using the numerical method to solve the standard state equation.

Findings
– Comparing with the experimental results, the availability of the principle and the validity of the model of the machine system are verified.

Practical implications
– This HEPMSG is a new brushless self-excited and self-regulated generator, which is suitable for an independent power source.

Originality/value
– Unlike the existing hybrid excitation permanent magnet machine, this HEPMSG utilized the inherent tooth harmonic EMF of the rotor to adjust the air-gap magnetic field of the permanent magnet machine.
Electromagnetic performance of switched flux PM machines with two separate stators
Authors: Awah Chukwuemeka Chijioke , Zhu Z.Q. , Wu Zhongze , Wu Di , Ge Xiao 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel type of switched flux PM machines with two separate stators.

Design/methodology/approach
– 2D-FEA is employed to analyze the electromagnetic performance of the proposed machines. Moreover, the results are validated by experiments.

Findings
– The proposed machine has higher torque density, less unbalanced magnetic force on the modulating steel piece and uses less PM volume.

Originality/value
– The proposed machine is a low-cost novel topology with different rotor pole combinations.
Influence of back-EMF and current harmonics on sensorless control performance of single and dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines
Authors: Almarhoon Ali , Ren Yuan , Zhu Z.Q. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of back-EMF and current harmonics on position and speed estimation accuracy for single and dual three-phase (DTP) permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) with two fundamental-model-based sensorless control strategies which are widely utilized for AC machines, i.e. flux-linkage observer (FO) and simplified extended Kalman filter (EKF).

Design/methodology/approach
– The effect of distorted back-EMF is studied for sensorless vector control of single three-phase PMSM. For the influence of current harmonics, unlike the existing literature where the current harmonics are deliberately injected, in this paper, sensorless switching-table-based direct torque control (ST-DTC) strategies for DTP-PMSM which inherently suffer from non-sinusoidal stator currents in addition to the distorted back-EMF, are investigated experimentally.

Findings
– By employing the FO and simplified EKF-based sensorless vector control of single three-phase PMSM, it can be concluded that the rotor position estimation accuracy is less affected by the back-EMF harmonics when the simplified EKF method is utilized since it is less sensitive to such noises. When the influence of non-sinusoidal stator currents together with back-EMF harmonics is investigated for the conventional and modified ST-DTC of DTP-PMSM, it is indicated that the simplified EKF exhibits better position and speed estimation accuracy in both the conventional and modified ST-DTC strategies. In addition, its steady-state performance shows a slight superiority over that based on FO, in terms of flux and torque ripples, and THD of phase currents. For the dynamic performance, the estimated speed of simplified EKF shows less phase lag and fluctuations compared to that of FO.

Originality/value
– This paper introduces the influence of back-EMF and current harmonics on sensorless control performance for single and DTP PMSMs. Detailed experimental results show that the simplified EKF exhibits better rotor position and speed estimation accuracy compared to that of FO due to its higher noise-rejection ability.
Control simulation of PMSM traction system of high speed train when passing neutral section
Authors: Huang Xinxing , Yao Yihua , Lu Qinfen , Huang Xiaoyan , Fang Youtong 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– In electric system of high-speed trains, neutral sections are set to balance the three-phase load. When passing neutral sections, the train should detach from the power supply for a short time. To permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) traction system, the voltage of DC link will increase quickly due to the back-EMF of PMSM during this time. Although the energy consumption braking method can be adopted to consume the feedback energy. It not only wastes energy, but also causes more speed drop of the train. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– In order to get better performance when the train is under passing neutral section condition, a suitable control method is proposed, in which the torque command is set to zero and d-axis current order remains unchanged during passing neutral section. Based on a co-simulation model, the influences of this method on the PMSMs traction system are compared with that of traditional method, which is used in induction motors traction system. This model combines both control strategy and finite element model of motor, which can take the effects of magnetic saturation and power loss into consideration.

Findings
– In PMSMs traction system, PMSMs work as generators during neutral section, and charge to DC bus, which may cause over-voltage damage. Moreover, there would be strong torque shock at the moment of power cut-off. It is finally found that, with the suitable control method, the high-speed train can pass the neutral section with less speed drop, less torque shock and little DC link voltage rise.

Originality/value
– The control method proposed in this paper is easier to achieve and gets a better performance of PMSMs traction system in high-speed train compared with the traditional method. Furthermore, the co-simulation model is much closer to reality than the analytical model.
Organizational culture of the Croatian construction industry
Authors: Sandrk Nukic Ivana , Huemann Martina 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– As a transitional country and the newest EU Member State, Croatia is facing a more turbulent business environment, which imposes a need for change of companies seeking to achieve a competitive advantage. Being a labour-intensive business, adaptation of construction companies’ strategy strongly depends on the underlying values of their employees. The purpose of this paper is to determine cultural profiles within the construction industry in Croatia.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research has been conducted using inferential analysis based on primary and secondary data sources. After an extensive literature review, the empirical research was conducted based on a national sample. In all, 108 managers working in construction companies were surveyed using the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument. Reliability of variables was tested by calculating Cronbach α reliability coefficients. Differences among identified mean scores were examined by ANOVA analysis.

Findings
– The results were analysed in respect of the size, core business, regional orientation and ownership of the respondents’ employing companies. The findings show that, on average, construction companies in Croatia currently function with domination of the hierarchy type of organizational culture, which insufficiently responds to the increasingly competitive environment. Additionally, the study identified the clan as the preferred culture type in Croatian construction companies.

Originality/value
– The paper offers insights into the organizational culture of Croatian construction companies, which has not been studied before. The value of the paper is the novelty of findings regarding existing and preferred cultural profiles, which have the potential to improve team cohesiveness, team leading, communication among the main stakeholders and efficiency of performance in this transitional country’s construction industry.
Service quality in bank during an economic crisis
Authors: Monferrer-Tirado Diego , Estrada-Guillén Marta , Fandos-Roig Juan Carlos , Moliner-Tena Miguel Ángel , Sánchez García Javier 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to address the aftermath of the crisis that has plagued the Spanish financial sector from a microeconomic and emotional perspective associated to financial entities’ relationships with their customers.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors build a model of effects with structural equation modelling based on the quality of the relationship between financial entities and their customers. The authors identify the different dimensions of quality in the entity’s service provision (tangible quality, functional quality and staff quality) as essential antecedents of the different dimensions of relationship quality (satisfaction, trust and loyalty). Moreover, the authors develop a multi-group analysis to test the moderator effect of age in the proposed model.

Findings
– The work shows that bank customers have been eminently results driven focusing on functional quality which is a determinant cause of customer satisfaction and trust.

Research limitations/implications
– Furthermore the authors consider that the dimensions of service quality are interrelated. Functional quality represents an essential quality in customer service, whereas tangible and personnel qualities act to reinforce functional quality. In turn, qualities based on tangible aspects have positive effects on qualities based on intangible aspects.

Practical implications
– Moreover, the results confirm the consideration of related variables to conform the construct of relationship quality: satisfaction, trust and loyalty. Finally, age has been found to have a considerable effect as a moderating variable in the relations.

Originality/value
– These results represent a significant change in traditional patterns of bank customer behaviour, and fit in with postulates of a new approach based on individual differences in attitudes, with relevant practical implications.
Perceptions of fairness in financial services: an analysis of distribution channels
Authors: Sekhon Harjit Singh , Roy Sanjit Kumar , Devlin James 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine fairness within financial services. In making the contribution the authors examine fairness by four different channels to market and across a range of financial services products. The product categories in the study are those with the highest density levels in the UK.Design/methodology/approach– Underpinned by the development of new measures, this paper is based on telephone interviews and on-line surveys with UK customers of financial services. More than 1,000 customers participated in the survey during the middle of 2013. After reporting the measurement model, the authors use ANOVA to report the differences in the perception of the dimensions of fairness by channel to market.Findings– The authors found there to be significant differences in perceptions using different channels to market. The research shows that where a face-to-face interaction takes place, such as branch contact, they are perceived to be fairer than when interactions are more remote. Given the dimensions of fairness, this reveals the importance of communications during explanations so that interactions are deemed to be fair.Research limitations/implications– The focus of this research was the examination of fairness within the setting of the UK’s financial services sector. The authors are minded that if the research is replicated in other countries or contexts then different aspects of fairness might emerge.Practical implications– Given the challenges faced by the financial services sector, there are implications for practitioners because they must be seen to be treating customers fairly. The research shows that remote contact such as the internet is not perceived as being as fair as face-to-face contact. The fair treatment of customers is likely to lead to positive brand benefits.Originality/value– This study complements the understanding of fairness and provides insight for scholars and practitioners, within financial services.
Sport event-sponsor fit and its effects on sponsor purchase intentions: a non-consumer perspective among athletes, volunteers and spectators
Authors: Papadimitriou Dimitra , Kaplanidou Kyriaki Kiki , Papacharalampous Nikolaos 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to explore how event volunteers, athletes and onsite spectators perceive the impact of sport event sponsorship on future purchase intentions of the event sponsor brand.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research problem was based on propositions by Novais and Arcodia (2013) and proposes relationships between sponsor–event fit, brand attitude, perceived brand quality and sponsor brand purchase intentions. Data were collected from 352 Greek sport event consumers from the 2013 Classic Marathon event, in Athens, Greece, using onsite surveys targeting non-sponsor brand consumer spectators, volunteers and athletes.

Findings
– The results reveal that sponsor–event fit indirectly influenced sponsor brand purchase intentions via brand attitude and brand quality across all three groups. However, the fit did not directly influence perceived brand quality of the sponsor across all three groups and directly influenced purchase intentions of the athlete group.

Research limitations/implications
– Because of the duration of the event (one day), the sample sizes were not very large. In addition, the study was delimited on one sponsor from a single sport event. Therefore, the findings need to be tested with larger samples and additional sponsors and events to arrive to more robust conclusion about the purchase intention formation and its antecedents across multiple sport event consumer groups.

Originality/value
– This study explores the power of sponsor–event fit among non-consumers of the sponsor brand and how the “interface” of event consumption through the lenses of three groups, namely, volunteer, spectator and athlete, influences brand attitude, perceived brand quality and sponsor brand purchase intentions.