bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Formulation of Generalized Tracer Retention in Fractured Rock
Authors: Cvetkovic Vladimir 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe study tracer retention in fractured rock by combing Lagrangian and time domain random walk frameworks, as well as a statistical representation of the retention process. Mass transfer is quantified by the retention time distribution that follows from a Lagrangian coupling between advective transport and mass exchange processes, applicable for advection‐dominated transport. A unifying parametrization is presented for generalized diffusion using two rates denoted byk1andk2wherek1is a forward rate andk2a reverse rate, plus an exponent as an additional parameter. For the Fickian diffusion model,k1andk2are related to measurable retention properties of the fracture‐matrix by the method of moments, whereas for the non‐Fickian case dimensional analysis is used. The derived retention time distributions are exemplified for interpreting tracer tests as well as for predictive modeling of expected tracer breakthrough. We show that non‐Fickian effects can be notable when transport is upscaled based on a non‐Fickian interpretation of a tracer test for which deviations from Fickianity are relatively small. The statistical representation of retention clearly shows the significance of the forward ratek1which depends on the active specific surface area and is the most difficult parameter to characterize in the field.
Comparison of the Lupus Foundation of America–Rapid Evaluation of Activity in Lupus to More Complex Disease Activity Instruments As Evaluated by Clinical Investigators or Real‐World Clinicians
Authors: Askanase Anca D. , Nguyen Samantha C. , Costenbader Karen , Lim S. Sam , Kamen Diane , Aranow Cynthia , Grossman Jennifer , Kapoor Teja M. , Baker‐Frost DeAnna , Aberle Teresa , Thanou‐Stavraki Aikaterini , Hanrahan Leslie M. , Kim Mimi , Merrill Joan T. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveLupus disease measures such as the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) index are challenging to interpret. The Lupus Foundation of America–Rapid Evaluation of Activity in Lupus (LFA‐REAL) is intended to provide an efficient application of anchored visual analog scores, each representing the individual severity of active symptoms, with the sum of individual scores deriving an overall disease activity assessment. Our objective was to compare the performance of LFA‐REAL to systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity assessments and compare scores between trained lupus clinical investigators and clinicians.MethodsInvestigators scored the SLEDAI, BILAG, physician's global assessment (PGA), and LFA‐REAL, while the clinicians scored the LFA‐REAL. The level of agreement between physicians and instruments was determined.ResultsThe study included 99 patients (93% women, 31% white, mean ± SD ages 43.4 ± 13.2 years). At the first visit, the mean ± SD SLEDAI score was 5.5 ± 4.5, BILAG score 6.7 ± 7.8, and PGA score 33.6 ± 24.5. The mean ± SD investigator LFA‐REAL score was 46.2 ± 42.9, and clinician LFA‐REAL score 56.1 ± 53.6. At the second visit, the mean ± SD investigator LFA‐REAL score was 41.3 ± 36.7, and clinician LFA‐REAL score 48.3 ± 42.6. Total LFA‐REAL scores correlated positively with PGA, SLEDAI, and BILAG (ρ = 0.58–0.88, P < 0.001). LFA‐REAL scores produced correlation coefficients of ρ > 0.7 for musculoskeletal, mucocutaneous, and renal BILAG domains. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the LFA‐REAL scores of investigators and clinicians was 0.79 for visit 1 (P < 0.001) and 0.86 for visit 2 (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe LFA‐REAL provides a reliable surrogate for more complicated disease activity measures when used by lupus clinical investigators or clinicians.
Highly Conductive Transition Metal Carbide/Carbonitride(MXene)@polystyrene Nanocomposites Fabricated by Electrostatic Assembly for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Sun Renhui , Zhang Hao‐Bin , Liu Ji , Xie Xi , Yang Rui , Li Yue , Hong Song , Yu Zhong‐Zhen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHighly conductive polymer nanocomposites are greatly desired for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. Although transition metal carbide/carbonitride (MXene) has shown its huge potential for producing highly conductive films and bulk materials, it still remains a great challenge to fabricate extremely conductive polymer nanocomposites with outstanding EMI shielding performance at minimal amounts of MXenes. Herein, an electrostatic assembly approach for fabricating highly conductive MXene@polystyrene nanocomposites by electrostatic assembling of negative MXene nanosheets on positive polystyrene microspheres is demonstrated, followed by compression molding. Thanks to the high conductivity of MXenes and their highly efficient conducting network within polystyrene matrix, the resultant nanocomposites exhibit not only a low percolation threshold of 0.26 vol% but also a superb conductivity of 1081 S m−1 and an outstanding EMI shielding performance of >54 dB over the whole X‐band with a maximum of 62 dB at the low MXene loading of 1.90 vol%, which are among the best performances for electrically conductive polymer nanocomposites by far. Moreover, the same nanocomposite has a highly enhanced storage modulus, 54% and 56% higher than those of neat polystyrene and conventional MXene@polystyrene nanocomposite, respectively. This work provides a novel methodology to produce highly conductive polymer nanocomposites for highly efficient EMI shielding applications.
Microfabricated Drug Delivery Devices: Design, Fabrication, and Applications
Authors: Zhang Hongbin , Jackson John K. , Chiao Mu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMicrofabrication technology has enabled the development of novel controlled‐release devices that possess an integration of structural, mechanical, and perhaps electronic features, which may address challenges associated with conventional delivery systems. In this feature article, microfabricated devices are described in terms of materials, mechanical design, working principles, and fabrication methods, all of which are key features for production of multifunctional, highly effective drug delivery systems. In addition, the current status and future prospects of different types of microfabricated devices for controlled drug delivery are summarized and analyzed with an emphasis on various routes of administration including ocular, oral, transdermal, and implantable systems. It is likely that microfabrication technology will continue to offer new, alternative solutions to design advanced and sophisticated drug delivery devices that promise to significantly improve medical care.
Structure Confined Porous Mo2C for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wan Jun , Wu Jiabin , Gao Xiang , Li Tianqi , Hu Zhimi , Yu Huimin , Huang Liang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMolybdenum carbide (Mo2C) has been widely applied in energy conversion, electrocatalysis, and other electronic devices, but its nanostructure with certain morphology and porous structure is tough to control. In this work, 1D or 2D porous Mo2C nanostructures can be synthesized by carburizing cobalt‐based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐67) cladding MoO3 nanowires or nanosheets hybrid structure under high temperature. The obtained 2D porous Mo2C shows a low onset overpotential (η = 25 and 36 mV) and a small Tafel slope (40 and 47 mV dec−1) in 0.1 m HClO4 and 0.1 m KOH as well as great stability. This work highlights a new strategy for the design and synthesis of porous nanostructure Mo2C electrocatalysts.
Facile Two‐Step Synthesis of All‐Inorganic Perovskite CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) Zeolite‐Y Composite Phosphors for Potential Backlight Display Application
Authors: Sun Jia‐Yi , Rabouw Freddy T. , Yang Xian‐Feng , Huang Xie‐Yi , Jing Xi‐Ping , Ye Shi , Zhang Qin‐Yuan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecently developed CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) perovskite quantum dots (QDs) hold great potential for various applications owing to their superior optical properties, such as tunable emissions, high quantum efficiency, and narrow linewidths. However, poor stability under ambient conditions and spontaneous ion exchange among QDs hinder their application, for example, as phosphors in white‐light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). Here, a facile two‐step synthesis procedure is reported for luminescent and color‐tunable CsPbX3–zeolite‐Y composite phosphors, where perovskite QDs are encapsulated in the porous zeolite matrix. First zeolite‐Y is infused with Cs+ ions by ion exchange from an aqueous solution and then forms CsPbX3 QDs by diffusion and reaction with an organic solution of PbX2. The zeolite encapsulation reduces degradation and improves the stability of the QDs under strong illumination. A WLED is fabricated using the resulting microscale composites, with Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates (0.38, 0.37) and achieving 114% of National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) and 85% of the ITU‐R Recommendation BT.2020 (Rec.2020) coverage.
Synthesis, Functionalization, and Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications
Authors: Mosayebi Jalal , Kiyasatfar Mehdi , Laurent Sophie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn order to translate nanotechnology into medical practice, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been presented as a class of non‐invasive nanomaterials for numerous biomedical applications. In particular, MNPs have opened a door for simultaneous diagnosis and brisk treatment of diseases in the form of theranostic agents. This review highlights the recent advances in preparation and utilization of MNPs from the synthesis and functionalization steps to the final design consideration in evading the body immune system for therapeutic and diagnostic applications with addressing the most recent examples of the literature in each section. This study provides a conceptual framework of a wide range of synthetic routes classified mainly as wet chemistry, state‐of‐the‐art microfluidic reactors, and biogenic routes, along with the most popular coating materials to stabilize resultant MNPs. Additionally, key aspects of prolonging the half‐life of MNPs via overcoming the sequential biological barriers are covered through unraveling the biophysical interactions at the bio–nano interface and giving a set of criteria to efficiently modulate MNPs' physicochemical properties. Furthermore, concepts of passive and active targeting for successful cell internalization, by respectively exploiting the unique properties of cancers and novel targeting ligands are described in detail. Finally, this study extensively covers the recent developments in magnetic drug targeting and hyperthermia as therapeutic applications of MNPs. In addition, multi‐modal imaging via fusion of magnetic resonance imaging, and also innovative magnetic particle imaging with other imaging techniques for early diagnosis of diseases are extensively provided.
Realization of Large Electric Polarization and Strong Magnetoelectric Coupling in BiMn3Cr4O12
Authors: Zhou Long , Dai Jianhong , Chai Yisheng , Zhang Huimin , Dong Shuai , Cao Huibo , Calder Stuart , Yin Yunyu , Wang Xiao , Shen Xudong , Liu Zhehong , Saito Takashi , Shimakawa Yuichi , Hojo Hajime , Ikuhara Yuichi , Azuma Masaki , Hu Zhiwei , Sun Young , Jin Changqing , Long Youwen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMagnetoelectric multiferroics have received much attention in the past decade due to their interesting physics and promising multifunctional performance. For practical applications, simultaneous large ferroelectric polarization and strong magnetoelectric coupling are preferred. However, these two properties have not been found to be compatible in the single‐phase multiferroic materials discovered as yet. Here, it is shown that superior multiferroic properties exist in the A‐site ordered perovskite BiMn3Cr4O12 synthesized under high‐pressure and high‐temperature conditions. The compound experiences a ferroelectric phase transition ascribed to the 6s2 lone‐pair effects of Bi3+ at around 135 K, and a long‐range antiferromagnetic order related to the Cr3+ spins around 125 K, leading to the presence of a type‐I multiferroic phase with huge electric polarization. On further cooling to 48 K, a type‐II multiferroic phase induced by the special spin structure composed of both Mn‐ and Cr‐sublattices emerges, accompanied by considerable magnetoelectric coupling. BiMn3Cr4O12 thus provides a rare example of joint multiferroicity, where two different types of multiferroic phases develop subsequently so that both large polarization and significant magnetoelectric effect are achieved in a single‐phase multiferroic material.
Enhanced Open‐Circuit Voltage in Colloidal Quantum Dot Photovoltaics via Reactivity‐Controlled Solution‐Phase Ligand Exchange
Authors: Jo Jea Woong , Kim Younghoon , Choi Jongmin , de Arquer F. Pelayo García , Walters Grant , Sun Bin , Ouellette Olivier , Kim Junghwan , Proppe Andrew H. , Quintero‐Bermudez Rafael , Fan James , Xu Jixian , Tan Chih Shan , Voznyy Oleksandr , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe energy disorder that arises from colloidal quantum dot (CQD) polydispersity limits the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and efficiency of CQD photovoltaics. This energy broadening is significantly deteriorated today during CQD ligand exchange and film assembly. Here, a new solution‐phase ligand exchange that, via judicious incorporation of reactivity‐engineered additives, provides improved monodispersity in final CQD films is reported. It has been found that increasing the concentration of the less reactive species prevents CQD fusion and etching. As a result, CQD solar cells with a VOC of 0.7 V (vs 0.61 V for the control) for CQD films with exciton peak at 1.28 eV and a power conversion efficiency of 10.9% (vs 10.1% for the control) is achieved.
Re Doping in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides as a New Route to Tailor Structural Phases and Induced Magnetism
Authors: Kochat Vidya , Apte Amey , Hachtel Jordan A. , Kumazoe Hiroyuki , Krishnamoorthy Aravind , Susarla Sandhya , Idrobo Juan Carlos , Shimojo Fuyuki , Vashishta Priya , Kalia Rajiv , Nakano Aiichiro , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlloying in 2D results in the development of new, diverse, and versatile systems with prospects in bandgap engineering, catalysis, and energy storage. Tailoring structural phase transitions using alloying is a novel idea with implications in designing all 2D device architecture as the structural phases in 2D materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides are correlated with electronic phases. Here, this study develops a new growth strategy employing chemical vapor deposition to grow monolayer 2D alloys of Re‐doped MoSe2 with show composition tunable structural phase variations. The compositions where the phase transition is observed agree well with the theoretical predictions for these 2D systems. It is also shown that in addition to the predicted new electronic phases, these systems also provide opportunities to study novel phenomena such as magnetism which broadens the range of their applications.
Magnetically Controlled Growth‐Factor‐Immobilized Multilayer Cell Sheets for Complex Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Yang Guangzheng , Wang Xiansong , Jiang Liting , Jiang Fei , Li Guanglong , Zhang Zhiyuan , Jiang Xinquan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe scaffold‐free cell‐sheet technique plays a significant role in stem‐cell‐based regeneration. Furthermore, growth factors are known to direct stem cell differentiation and enhance tissue regeneration. However, the absence of an effective means to incorporate growth factors into the cell sheets hinders further optimization of the regeneration efficiency. Here, a novel design of magnetically controlled “growth‐factor‐immobilized cell sheets” is reported. A new Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) coated with nanoscale graphene oxide (nGO@Fe3O4) is developed to label stem cells and deliver growth factors. First, the nGO@Fe3O4 MNPs can be easily swallowed by dental‐pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and have no influence on cell viability. Thus, the MNP‐labeled cells can be organized via magnetic force to form multilayered cell sheets in different patterns. Second, compared to traditional Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the graphene oxide coating provides plenty of carboxyl groups to bind and deliver growth factors. Therefore, with these nGO@Fe3O4 MNPs, bone‐morphogenetic‐protein‐2 (BMP2) is successfully incorporated into the DPSCs sheets to induce more bone formation. Furthermore, an integrated osteochondral complex is also constructed using a combination of DPSCs/TGFβ3 and DPSCs/BMP2. All these results demonstrate that the new cell‐sheet tissue‐engineering approach exhibits promising potential for future use in regenerative medicine.
Pinhole‐Free Inkjet Printing Strategies for Organic Electronics
Authors: Heinrichsdobler Armin , Roigk Julia Christina , Schirmeier Frank , Brabec Christoph Josef , Wehlus Thomas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInkjet printing is a widely used technique in the field of printed electronics. Yet its reliability is limited because absent droplets induced by defective, e.g., clogged, nozzles can lead to pinholes in the printed layers causing a reduction of the quality of printed films or a breakdown of the functionality in microelectronic devices. Therefore, pinholes in inkjet‐printed layers need to be avoided. In this study the origins for pinholes in inkjet‐printed films are examined. It is found that single missing droplets cannot lead to pinholes but certain formations can. This paper presents the corresponding responsible combinations of defective nozzles necessary to create a pinhole. To enable a statistical approach the pinhole occurrence probabilities are computed depending on the number of broken nozzles as well as quality factors and step sizes with a Monte Carlo simulation. The model shows that by choosing the right print strategy the pinhole probability can be reduced by three orders of magnitude. Finally, a novel print strategy is suggested, which is not yet supported by default printer settings but can reduce the pinhole probability even further by a factor of over 2000 in total. This represents the smallest pinhole occurrence probability ever achieved.
Is Teleparallel Gravity Really Equivalent to General Relativity?
Authors: Combi Luciano , Romero Gustavo E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn axiomatization of the so‐called Teleparallel Equivalent to General Relativity is presented. A set of formal and semantic postulates are elaborated from where the physical meaning of various key concepts of the theory are clarified. These concepts include those of inertia, Lorentz and diffeomorphism invariance, and reference frame. It is shown that Teleparallel Gravity admits a wider representation of space‐time than General Relativity, allowing to define properties of the gravitational field such as energy and momentum that are usually considered problematic. In this sense, although the dynamical equations of both theories are equivalent, their inequivalence from a physical point of view is demonstrated. Finally, the axiomatic formulation is used to compare Teleparallel Gravity with other theories of gravity based on absolute parallelism such as non‐local and f(T) gravity.
Freeform Metagratings Based on Complex Light Scattering Dynamics for Extreme, High Efficiency Beam Steering
Authors: Yang Jianji , Sell David , Fan Jonathan A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractConventional phased‐array metasurfaces utilize subwavelength‐scale nanoparticles or nanowaveguides to specify spatially‐dependent amplitude and phase responses to light. An alternative design strategy is based on freeform inverse optimization, in which wavelength‐scale elements are designed to produce devices that possess exceptionally high efficiencies. In this report, we theoretically analyze the physical mechanisms enabling high efficiency in freeform‐based periodic metasurfaces, i.e., metagratings. An in‐depth coupled mode analysis of ultra‐wide‐angle beam deflectors and wavelength splitters shows that the extraordinary performance of these designs originates from the large number of propagating modes supported by the metagrating, in combination with complex multiple scattering dynamics exhibited by these modes. We also apply our coupled mode analysis to conventional nanowaveguide‐based metagratings to understand and quantify the factors limiting the efficiencies of these devices. We envision that freeform metasurface design methods will open new avenues towards high‐performance, multi‐functional optics by utilizing strongly coupled nanophotonic modes and elements.
Identification of three prophenoloxidase‐activating factors (PPAFs) from an invasive beetle Octodonta nipae Maulik (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and their roles in the prophenoloxidase activation
Authors: Zhang HuaJian , Tang BaoZhen , Lin YaPing , Chen ZhiMing , Zhang XiaFang , Ji TianLiang , Zhang XiaoMei , Hou YouMing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA typical characteristic of the insect innate immune system is the activation of the serine protease cascade in the hemolymph. As being the terminal component of the extracellular serine protease cascade in the prophenoloxidase (proPO) activating system, proPO‐activating factors (PPAFs) activated by the upstream cascade may generate active phenoloxidase, which then induces downstream melanization. In the present study, we reported three PPAFs from the nipa palm hispid beetle Octodonta nipae (Maulik) (designated as OnPPAF1, OnPPAF2, OnPPAF3). All three OnPPAFs contained a single clip domain at the amino‐terminus followed by a trypsin‐like serine protease domain at the carboxyl‐terminus, except the Ser in the active sites of OnPPAF2 and OnPPAF3 was substituted with Gly. Transcript expression analysis revealed that all OnPPAFs were highly expressed in hemolymph, whereas OnPPAF2 showed an extremely low mRNA abundance compared with that of OnPPAF1 and OnPPAF3, and that the abundance of all three OnPPAFs was dramatically increased upon bacterial challenge. Knockdown of OnPPAF1 or OnPPAF3 resulted in a reduction of hemolymph phenoloxidase activity and an inhibition of hemolymph melanization, whereas the knockdown of OnPPAF2 did not affect the proPO cascade. Our work thus implies that the three OnPPAFs may have different functions and regulation during immune responses in O. nipae.