bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing Social and Spatial Inequalities in Parental Co‐Residence
Authors: Hochstenbach Cody , Howard Amber , Arundel Rowan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcross countries, mounting housing pressures contribute to a growing number of young adults living in the parental home. Patterns at the micro‐level and cross‐nationally are well charted, but less is known about intra‐country differences. Drawing on the case of the Netherlands, we use full‐population register data to examine co‐residence patterns of 25–34‐year‐olds for the 2005–2020 period. Through descriptive, GIS and multivariate analyses, we explain patterns in co‐residence according to income, across space and over time. Results reveal substantial spatial differences in patterns of co‐residence and rates of growth, with the strongest increases in the largest cities and directly adjacent regions. Patterns are most pronounced and intensified for low‐income young adults, who increasingly struggle to realise residential independence in and around economic pull regions and high‐priced urban areas. These findings point to increasing socio‐spatial inequalities in co‐residence, contributing to literature on the interaction between class and space.
Cell wall remodeling confers plant architecture with distinct wall structure in Nelumbo nucifera
Authors: Hu Huizhen , Zhang Ran , Zhao Yongjing , Yang Jie , Zhao Hanqian , Zhao Lin , Wang Li , Cheng Zhipeng , Zhao Wanyue , Wang Bo , Larkin Robert M. , Chen Longqing 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYLotus (Nelumbo nucifera G.) is a perennial aquatic horticultural plant with diverse architectures. Distinct plant architecture (PA) has certain attractive and practical qualities, but its genetic morphogenesis in lotus remains elusive. In this study, we employ genome‐wide association analysis (GWAS) for the seven traits of petiole length (PLL), leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), peduncle length (PLF), flower diameter (FD), petal length (PeL), and petal width (PeW) in 301 lotus accessions. A total of 90 loci are identified to associate with these traits across 4 years of trials. Meanwhile, we perform RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) to analyze the differential expression of the gene (DEG) transcripts between large and small PA (LPA and SPA) of lotus stems (peduncles and petioles). As a result, eight key candidate genes are identified that are all primarily involved in plant cell wall remodeling significantly associated with PA traits by integrating the results of DEGs and GWAS. To verify this result, we compare the cell wall compositions and structures of LPA versus SPA in representative lotus germplasms. Intriguingly, compared with the SPA lotus, the LPA varieties have higher content of cellulose and hemicellulose, but less filling substrates of pectin and lignin. Additionally, we verified longer cellulose chains and higher cellulose crystallinity with less interference in LPA varieties. Taken together, our study illustrates how plant cell wall remodeling affects PA in lotus, shedding light on the genetic architecture of this significant ornamental trait and offering a priceless genetic resource for future genomic‐enabled breeding.
Public health emergencies and international trade in the context of global value chains: Evidence from COVID‐19 in China
Authors: Lu Bo , Bao Xiaohua , Wang Cai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a notable increase in the frequency of public health emergencies (PHE), which pose a substantial threat to the global supply and demand equilibrium as well as the stability of the global value chains (GVC). The article takes the example of the COVID‐19 pandemic and utilises China's foreign trade monthly data spanning from 2018 to 2021 for an empirical analysis of how COVID‐19 affected China's import and export trade, as well as its participation in GVC collaborations. The findings are as follows: (1) The proliferation of COVID‐19 significantly and negatively impacted China's export trade, while its impact on China's import trade was insignificant. (2) The impact of the COVID‐19 on processing trade exports was more pronounced compared to general trade exports, highlighting the detrimental effect of the pandemic on GVC collaboration. (3) The adverse influence of the COVID‐19 on China's foreign trade and GVC cooperation primarily stemmed from its impact on international effective demand. (4) The pandemic exerted a more substantial negative effect on processing trade involving supplied materials with low production value added compared to processing trade involving imported materials with high value added. And it had a greater adverse impact on low‐tech products as opposed to high‐tech products, indicating that industries with higher value‐added and high‐tech products exhibited greater resilience in the face of trade disruptions by COVID‐19.
Subgroups of bounded rank in hyperbolic 3‐manifold groups
Authors: Biringer Ian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe prove a finiteness theorem for subgroups of bounded rank in hyperbolic 3‐manifold groups. As a consequence, we show that every bounded rank covering tower of closed hyperbolic 3‐manifolds is a tower of finite covers associated to a fibration over a 1‐orbifold.
Dynamic Behavior of Rectangular Tanks With Limited Freeboard Under Seismic Loads: Experimental, Analytical, and Machine Learning Investigations
Authors: Khosravi Shayan , Amirsardari Sina , Goudarzi Mohammad Ali 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
One of the most common types of fluid storage tanks are rectangular concrete tanks placed on the ground. Ensuring the seismic performance of these tanks is crucial as, besides damage and losses during a crisis, they can lead to other crises such as fires or toxic material leaks. One pivotal factor influencing the seismic behavior of these tanks is the height of the freeboard. A comprehensive understanding of how freeboard height impacts the impulsive and convective masses is essential for the effective design and dynamic analysis of rectangular tanks. While numerous numerical and experimental studies have explored this field, the influence of various filling levels, fluid properties, and tank geometries under seismic loading conditions requires further investigation. In this study, an experimental model placed on a shaking table and a numerical model developed in ansys software were subjected to various earthquake records. The effects under seismic loading were assessed across different fill levels, tank geometries, and freeboard heights. In contrast to previous studies, the new results revealed a nonlinear relationship between freeboard height and variations in impulsive and convective masses. Finally, the proposed machine learning model accurately developed this nonlinear relationship, which can be utilized to improve current design practices for rectangular tanks in seismic-prone areas.
Metal availability shapes early life microbial ecology and community succession
Authors: Soto Ocaña Joshua , Friedman Elliot S. , Keenan Orlaith , Bayard Nile U. , Ford Eileen , Tanes Ceylan , Munneke Matthew J. , Beavers William N. , Skaar Eric P. , Bittinger Kyle , Zemel Babette S. , Wu Gary D. , Zackular Joseph P. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

The gut microbiota plays a critical role in human health and disease. Microbial community assembly and succession early in life are influenced by numerous factors. In turn, assembly of this microbial community is known to influence the host, including immune system development, and has been linked to outcomes later in life. To date, the role of host-mediated nutritional immunity and metal availability in shaping microbial community assembly and succession early in life has not been explored in depth. Using a human infant cohort, we show that the metal-chelating protein calprotectin is highly abundant in infants. Taxa previously shown to be successful early colonizers of the infant gut, such as
Enterococcus
,
Enterobacteriaceae,
and
Bacteroides,
are highly resistant to experimental metal starvation in culture.
Lactobacillus
, meanwhile, is highly susceptible to metal restriction, pointing to a possible mechanism by which host-mediated metal limitation shapes the fitness of early colonizing taxa in the infant gut. We further demonstrate that formula-fed infants harbor markedly higher levels of metals in their gastrointestinal tract compared to breastfed infants. Formula-fed infants with high levels of metals harbor distinct microbial communities compared to breastfed infants, with higher levels of
Enterococcus
,
Enterobacter,
and
Klebsiella
, taxa which show increased resistance to the toxic effects of high metal concentrations. These data highlight a new paradigm in microbial community assembly and suggest an unappreciated role for nutritional immunity and dietary metals in shaping the earliest colonization events of the microbiota.

IMPORTANCE
Early life represents a critical window for microbial colonization of the human gastrointestinal tract. Surprisingly, we still know little about the rules that govern the successful colonization of infants and the factors that shape the success of early life microbial colonizers. In this study, we report that metal availability is an important factor in the assembly and succession of the early life microbiota. We show that the host-derived metal-chelating protein, calprotectin, is highly abundant in infants and successful early life colonizers can overcome metal restriction. We further demonstrate that feeding modality (breastmilk vs formula) markedly impacts metal levels in the gut, potentially influencing microbial community succession. Our work suggests that metals, a previously unexplored aspect of early life ecology, may play a critical role in shaping the early events of microbiota assembly in infants.
Hepatitis B virus entry, assembly, and egress
Authors: Chuang Yu-Chen , Ou J. -H. James 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARY
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important human pathogen that chronically infects approximately 250 million people in the world, resulting in ~1 million deaths annually. This virus is a hepatotropic virus and can cause severe liver diseases including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The entry of HBV into hepatocytes is initiated by the interaction of its envelope proteins with its receptors. This is followed by the delivery of the viral nucleocapsid to the nucleus for the release of its genomic DNA and the transcription of viral RNAs. The assembly of the viral capsid particles may then take place in the nucleus or the cytoplasm and may involve cellular membranes. This is followed by the egress of the virus from infected cells. In recent years, significant research progresses had been made toward understanding the entry, the assembly, and the egress of HBV particles. In this review, we discuss the molecular pathways of these processes and compare them with those used by hepatitis delta virus and hepatitis C virus , two other hepatotropic viruses that are also enveloped. The understanding of these processes will help us to understand how HBV replicates and causes diseases, which will help to improve the treatments for HBV patients.
A whole-cell pertussis vaccine engineered to elicit reduced reactogenicity protects baboons against pertussis challenge
Authors: Kapil Parul , Wang Yihui , Gregg Kelsey , Zimmerman Lindsey , Molano Damaris , Maldonado Villeda Jonatan , Sebo Peter , Merkel Tod J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines introduced in the 1940s led to a dramatic reduction of pertussis incidence and are still widely used in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) worldwide. The reactogenicity of wP vaccines resulted in reduced public acceptance, which drove the development and introduction of acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines in high-income countries in the 1990s. Increased incidence of pertussis disease has been observed in high-income countries following the introduction of aP vaccines despite near universal rates of pediatric vaccination. These increases are attributed to the reduced protection against colonization, carriage, and transmission as well as reduced duration of immunity conferred by aP vaccines relative to the wP vaccines they replaced. A reduced reactogenicity whole-cell pertussis (RRwP) vaccine was recently developed with the goal of achieving the same protection as conferred by wP vaccination but with an improved safety profile, which may benefit countries in which wP vaccines are still in routine use. In this study, we tested the RRwP vaccine in a baboon model of pertussis infection. We found that the RRwP vaccine induced comparable cellular and humoral immune responses and comparable protection following challenge relative to the wP vaccine, while significantly reducing injection-site reactogenicity.

IMPORTANCE

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended in 2015 that countries administering wP vaccines in their national vaccine programs should continue to do so, and that switching to aP vaccines for primary infant immunization should only be considered if periodic booster vaccinations and/or maternal immunization could be assured and sustained in their national immunization schedules (WHO, Vaccine 34:1423–1425, 2016,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.136
). Due to the considerably higher cost of aP vaccines and the larger number of doses required, most LMICs continue to use wP vaccines. The development and introduction of a wP vaccine that induces fewer adverse events without sacrificing protection would significantly benefit countries in which wP vaccines are still in routine use. The results of this study indicate this desirable goal may be achievable.
Bone allograft impregnated with tobramycin and vancomycin delivers antibiotics in high concentrations for prophylaxis against bacteria commonly associated with prosthetic joint infections
Authors: Berglund Björn , Wezenberg Daphne , Nilsson Maud , Söderquist Bo , Nilsson Lennart E. , Schilcher Jörg 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Local delivery of antibiotics as prophylaxis for prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) is frequently used during total hip replacement surgery. Morselized bone allograft impregnated with vancomycin and tobramycin (
TobraVanc
) could provide effective prophylaxis against bacteria commonly associated with PJIs. In this study, the concentrations of antibiotics released by bone allograft impregnated with
TobraVanc
were determined by using an
in vitro
bioassay system entailing measuring inhibition zone diameters caused by antibiotic-impregnated bone chips cast in agar against standard curves. The concentrations were determined in samples of
TobraVanc
-impregnated bone graft taken before and after the application of the bone graft in the patients undergoing acetabular revision surgery. Antibiotic-impregnated bone grafts, sampled prior to application in the patient, delivered antibiotics in the concentration ranges of 730–9,800 mg/L for tobramycin and 1,300–11,000 mg/L for vancomycin. Samples taken after application in the patient released lower concentrations of tobramycin (490–1,900 mg/L;
P
< 0.01) and vancomycin (3,000–5,100 mg/L;
P
< 0.05); however, these concentrations remained well above the tobramycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for investigated, highly tobramycin-resistant
Staphylococcus epidermidis
strains (MICs > 256 mg/L). At the tested concentrations, bone graft material mixed with
TobraVanc
delivered antibiotics in potent concentrations above the MICs for bacteria causing PJIs. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and risk of
TobraVanc
-impregnated bone graft as a prophylactic agent for patients undergoing hip replacement surgery.

IMPORTANCE

Antibiotic prophylaxis is the cornerstone of successful joint replacement surgery, reducing the risk for the dreaded complication of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) to roughly 0.5%–2% in standard total hip replacement (THR). In addition to systemic antibiotics, antibiotics added locally have the potential to reduce the PJI risk even further, because of the high concentrations that can be achieved in the joint with limited risk for systemic toxicity. The results in the current study show that bone chips impregnated with a combination of tobramycin and vancomycin (
TobraVanc
) release antibiotics in concentrations that are potent against common bacteria causing PJIs. Especially in high-risk patients, our results support the prophylactic use of
TobraVanc
in hip replacement surgery requiring the use of a bone graft. A clinical study testing the efficacy of
TobraVanc
-impregnated bone graft in reducing the incidence of PJI in hip replacement surgery is currently ongoing (EudraCT: 2021-001708-14).
Quantifying Pleistocene loess provenance in midcontinental North America using a mixing model: Implications for glacial lobe evolution along the southern Laurentide ice sheet
Authors: Dendy Sarah N. , Guenthner William R. , Grimley David A. , Conroy Jessica L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Quaternary glaciations have significantly impacted the midcontinental North American landscape, leaving behind a proglacial sediment record of glacial lake deposits, glacio-fluvial sand and gravel, and windblown loess. This paper aims to expand upon a previous study using detrital zircon provenance analysis to investigate midcontinental North American loess provenance in relation to the glacial history of the southern Laurentide ice sheet during the middle to late Pleistocene. The study incorporates previously published detrital zircon data from last glacial tills (representing the Huron-Erie Lobe, Lake Michigan Lobe, Green Bay Lobe, Superior Lobe, Des Moines Lobe, and James Lobe), middle to late Pleistocene loess from several sites along the Illinois and Mississippi River valleys, and suspended sediment load inputs from the Missouri River and Arkansas River. A statistical mixing model (DzMix version 2.2) was used to estimate the relative proportions of glacial and nonglacial sources to Wisconsin Episode, Illinois Episode, and pre–Illinois Episode age loess. We show that mixing models that include the modern suspended sediment loads of the Missouri and Arkansas Rivers significantly improve (up to 23% increase in cross-correlation value) the source characterization of Wisconsin Episode (last glacial) and Illinois Episode (penultimate glacial) loess deposits within the Mississippi River drainage basin. These river sources are dominant inputs for certain loess sites (as much as 51%), but their relative contributions are not static across time and space, which has implications for temporal and spatial differences in relative sediment source estimates and glacial and fluvial sediment transport evolution. Specifically, differences in relative sediment proportion estimates among Wisconsin, Illinois, and pre–Illinois Episode loess support previous evidence for the persistence of a Quebec-Labrador ice dome source through multiple glacial cycles, even with the inclusion of river sources in updated mixing models. Illinois and pre–Illinois Episode loess in the southern portion of our study area received ~20% detrital zircon input from sources similar to the present-day Missouri and Arkansas Rivers, suggesting that these river systems were contributing a significant amount of detritus to the lower Mississippi River valley region during the middle Pleistocene.
Nationwide burden of sudden cardiac death among patients with a psychiatric disorder
Authors: Mujkanovic Jasmin , Warming Peder Emil , Kessing Lars Vedel , Køber Lars Valeur , Winkel Bo Gregers , Lynge T H , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundPatients with psychiatric disorders have increased all-cause mortality compared with the general population. Previous research has shown that there is a fourfold increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among the young.ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of SCD in patients with psychiatric disorders aged 18–90 years in the Danish population by systematically reviewing all deaths in 1 year.MethodsWe examined all deaths in Denmark among residents aged 18–90 years in 2010 by reviewing death certificates and autopsy reports. All deaths were categorised as non-SCD or SCD based on the available information. Psychiatric disorder was defined according to International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision criteria or by redemption of a prescription for psychotropic medication within 1 year.ResultsOf 4.3 million residents in 2010, we observed 45 703 deaths, of which 6002 were due to SCD. Overall, the incidence rate ratio of SCD was 1.79–6.45 times higher among patients with psychiatric disorders than in the general population and was age dependent (p<0.001 across all age groups). When adjusting for age, sex and comorbidities, psychiatric disorders were independently associated with SCD, with a HR of 2.31 (2.19 to 2.43, p<0.001), and HR was highest among patients with schizophrenic disorders, with a HR of 4.51 (3.95 to 5.16, p <0.001). Furthermore, 18-year-old patients with a psychiatric disorder had an expected 10-year excess loss of life. Patients aged 18–40 with a psychiatric disorder had 13% of excess life years lost caused by SCD.ConclusionIn this study, the rate of SCD in patients with psychiatric disorders is higher across all age groups than in the general population. Having a psychiatric disorder is independently associated with SCD. Patients with schizophrenic disease had the highest rates of SCD. Life expectancy for an 18-year old with a psychiatric disorder is estimated to be 10 years shorter in comparison with those without this disorder.
Identifying facilitators and barriers to implementing the Say Something Anonymous Reporting System in Miami-Dade County, USA: a qualitative study
Authors: Lee Esther , Scott Briana A , Hsieh Hsing-Fang , Zimmerman Marc , Rusch Amy , Heinze Justin 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundMultiple anonymous reporting systems (ARS) have been implemented to prevent school violence and improve school climate. This study examines the facilitators and barriers to implementation and the role and usability of the Say Something Anonymous Reporting System (SS-ARS).Methods10 qualitative interviews with key staff and administrators from intervention schools in the Miami-Dade County School District were conducted between July and December 2020. Using a thematic framework analysis of interview transcripts, we identified major themes related to the SS-ARS.ResultsStudents used the SS-ARS to report issues related to violence, mental health and substance use. The SS-ARS provided training and safe reporting channels, enabling prompt responses from administrators. Successful anonymous reporting system implementation requires ongoing training for students and personnel, a multidisciplinary response team and integration into a comprehensive school safety effort.ConclusionOur study highlights key facilitators and barriers to implementing ARS in schools, offering three takeaways for practitioners: (1) include ongoing training for students and personnel, (2) establish a multidisciplinary team to respond to reports and integrate ARS into a comprehensive safety effort and (3) encourage reporting on a range of concerns. Interviews were conducted with school personnel, with findings primarily reflecting their perspectives, thereby limiting the ability to generalise the findings to students. Although conducted in schools within Miami-Dade County, an urban US county, the findings may be relevant for practitioners implementing ARS or similar initiatives in educational settings globally, given the ubiquity of violence and mental health issues among adolescents.