bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages of the Hida metamorphic and plutonic rocks, Japan: Implications for late Paleozoic to Mesozoic tectonics around the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Takahashi Yutaka , Cho Deung‐Lyong , Mao Jianren , Zhao Xilin , Yi Keewook 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA new U–Pb zircon geochronological study for the Hida metamorphic and plutonic rocks from the Tateyama area in the Hida Mountains of north central Japan is presented. The U–Pb ages of metamorphic zircon grains with inherited/detrital cores in paragneisses suggest that a metamorphic event took place at around 235–250 Ma; the cores yield ages around 275 Ma, 300 Ma, 330 Ma, 1 850 Ma, and 2 650 Ma. New age data, together with geochronological and geological context of the Hida Belt, indicate that a sedimentary protolith of the paragneisses is younger than 275 Ma and was crystallized at around 235–250 Ma. Detrital ages support a model that the Hida Belt was located in the eastern margin of the North China Craton, which provided zircon grains from Paleoproterozoic to Paleozoic rocks and also from Archean and rare Neoproterozoic rocks. Triassic regional metamorphism possibly reflects collision between the North and South China Cratons.
Safety, risk, and aggression: Health professionals’ experiences of caring for people affected by methamphetamine when presenting for emergency care
Authors: Usher Kim , Jackson Debra , Woods Cindy , Sayers Jan , Kornhaber Rachel , Cleary Michelle 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe crystalline form of methamphetamine, commonly known as crystal meth (crystal methamphetamine) or ICE, is a highly‐addictive and powerful stimulant. Users of crystal meth often require emergency care, and are associated with a substantial burden of care by emergency care providers. The aim of the present qualitative study was to explore health professionals’ experiences of providing care for patients affected by ICE who presented to the emergency department (ED). Nine semistructured interviews were conducted. The major theme, ‘staying safe’, was revealed, in which participants described their experiences of being exposed to potentially unsafe situations, and their responses to challenging behaviours, including aggression. The findings highlight the need for ED staff to understand the nature of ICE use and its adverse impact on the mental and physical health of users. Furthermore, it is clear that establishing and maintaining safety in the emergency care setting is of utmost importance, and should be a priority for health‐care managers.
Outcomes of the Victorian Safewards trial in 13 wards: Impact on seclusion rates and fidelity measurement
Authors: Fletcher Justine , Spittal Mathew , Brophy Lisa , Tibble Holly , Kinner Stuart , Elsom Steve , Hamilton Bridget 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRestrictive practices are used in response to conflict and aggression in psychiatric inpatient settings. Reducing such practices is the focus internationally of policy and legislative change, many initiatives, and a growing body of research. Safewards is a model and a set of 10 interventions designed to reduce conflict and containment in inpatient services. In the current study, we aimed to assess the impact of implementing Safewards on seclusion in Victorian inpatient mental health services in Australia. The study used a before‐and‐after design, with a comparison group matched for service type. Thirteen wards opted into a 12‐week trial to implement Safewards and 1‐year follow up. The comparison group was all other wards (n = 31) with seclusion facilities in the jurisdiction, matched to service type. Mandatorily‐reported seclusion event data for all 44 wards over a 15‐month period were analysed using negative binomial regression. Adherence to Safewards was measured via fidelity checklists at four time points: twice during the trial, post‐trial, and at 1‐year follow up. Seclusion rates were reduced by 36% in Safewards trial wards by the 12‐month follow‐up period (incidence rate ratios (IRR) = 0.64,) but in the comparison wards seclusion rates did not differ from baseline to post‐trial (IRR = 1.17) or to follow‐up period (IRR = 1.35). Fidelity analysis revealed a trajectory of increased use of Safewards interventions after the trial phase to follow up. The findings suggest that Safewards is appropriate for practice change in Victorian inpatient mental health services more broadly than adult acute wards, and is effective in reducing the use of seclusion.
Prolonged use of seclusion and mechanical restraint in mental health services: A statewide retrospective cohort study
Authors: McKenna Brian , McEvedy Samantha , Maguire Tessa , Ryan Jo , Furness Trentham 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSeclusion and mechanical restraint are restrictive interventions that should be used only as a last resort and for the shortest possible time, yet little is known about duration of use in the broader context. Adult area mental health services throughout Victoria, Australia, were asked to complete a report form for prolonged episodes of seclusion (>8 hours) and mechanical restraint (>1 hour). The present, retrospective cohort study aimed to understand the individual (age, sex, type of service, duration of intervention) and contextual factors associated with prolonged use of restrictive interventions. Contextual factors describing the reasons for prolonged use of the restrictive interventions were captured qualitatively, and then coded using content analysis. Median duration was compared across individual factors using Mann–Whitney U‐tests. During 2014, 690 episodes of prolonged restrictive intervention involving 311 consumers were reported. Close to half (n = 320, 46%) involved mechanical restraint. Seclusion episodes (n = 370) were longer in forensic mental health services compared to adult area mental health services (median: 24 hours and 18 min vs 16 hours and 42 min, P < 0.001). Mechanical restraint episodes (n = 320) were shorter in forensic mental health services compared to adult area mental health services (median: 3 hours and 25 min vs 4 hours and 15 min, P = 0.008). Some consumers were subject to multiple episodes of prolonged seclusion (55/206, 27%) and/or prolonged mechanical restraint (31/131, 24%). The most commonly occurring contextual factor for prolonged restrictive interventions was ‘risk of harm to others’. Means for reducing the use of prolonged restrictive interventions are discussed in light of the findings.
Care in the Community: Home Care Use Among Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Over Time
Authors: Martin Lynn , Ouellette‐Kuntz Hélène , McKenzie Katherine 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCommunity‐based healthcare services have quickly evolved over the last few decades to respond to the growing population of older adults, and their desire to remain independent in the community. In Ontario, Canada, deinstitutionalization has resulted in all persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities living—and aging, in the community. This paper compares use of home care services in Ontario among adults (age 18–99 years) with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities over time. Home care use over a 5‐year period was compared between a cohort of 46,008 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities and a random sample of 3,272,080 adults without intellectual and developmental disabilities. Persons with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities received similar types of home care services. Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities had much higher rates of admission to home care, and at much earlier ages. While this remained true over time, slight differences by age were noted between groups. Higher use at earlier ages suggests that home care services are responding to the needs of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Future research should identify (or develop) best practices for promoting independence in the community for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities with healthcare needs.
Impact of an Individualized Planning Approach on Personal Outcomes and Supports for Persons With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Gosse Leanne , Griffiths Dorothy , Owen Frances , Feldman Maurice 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPlanning initiatives for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) have shifted from traditional planning primarily conducted by caregivers to an individualized planning approach controlled by the person with ID him/herself. The goal of this paradigm shift is to increase individualization of supports to accomplish personal objectives and improve quality of life. Despite the widespread acceptance and promotion of individualized planning, there has been little empirical research to demonstrate its effectiveness. This study compares traditional planning to individualized planning on supports obtained and personal objectives accomplished using a randomized between‐group design. Persons receiving an individualized planning process improved in both supports and personal outcomes as compared to the traditional planning group. When the traditional planning group subsequently received individualized planning, they replicated the results of the first individualized planning group. The findings support implementation of an individualized planning approach in service agencies for individuals with ID.
Prediction of Packed Cell Volume after Whole Blood Transfusion in Small Ruminants and South American Camelids: 80 Cases (2006–2016)
Authors: Luethy D. , Stefanovski D. , Salber R. , Sweeney R.W. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundCalculation of desired whole blood transfusion volume relies on an estimate of an animal's circulating blood volume, generally accepted to be 0.08 L/kg or 8% of the animal's body weight in kilograms.ObjectiveTo use packed cell volume before and after whole blood transfusion to evaluate the accuracy of a commonly used equation to predict packed cell volume after transfusion in small ruminants and South American camelids; to determine the nature and frequency of adverse transfusion reactions in small ruminants and camelids after whole blood transfusion.AnimalsFifty‐eight small ruminants and 22 alpacas that received whole blood transfusions for anemia.MethodsRetrospective case series; medical record review for small ruminants and camelids that received whole blood transfusions during hospitalization.ResultsMean volume of distribution of blood as a fraction of body weight in sheep (0.075 L/kg, 7.5% BW) and goats (0.076 L/kg, 7.6% BW) differed significantly (P < 0.01) from alpacas (0.103 L/kg, 10.3% BW). Mild transfusion reactions were noted in 16% of transfusions.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe generally accepted value of 8% for circulating blood volume (volume of distribution of blood) is adequate for calculation of transfusion volumes; however, use of the species‐specific circulating blood volume can improve calculation of transfusion volume to predict and achieve desired packed cell volume. The incidence of transfusion reactions in small ruminants and camelids is low.
Electricity demand in South Africa: is it asymmetric?
Authors: Gupta Rangan , Inglesi‐Lotz Roula , Muteba Mwamba John W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe electricity demand in South Africa has experienced vast changes both from a policy point of view and due to the country's great industrialisation and urbanisation. The literature dealing with the South African electricity case, to date, has not taken into account these changes and their effect to the symmetric behaviour of the residential and industrial electricity consumers. Hence, this paper aims at examining the asymmetric behaviour of the annual South African electricity demand (total, residential and non‐residential) for the period 1960–2012. To do so, three different tests were used: the entropy test proposed by Racine and Maasoumi (2007.Journal of Econometrics138, 2, 547; 2008.Econometric Reviews28, 246), the conditional symmetry test proposed by Bai and Ng (2001.Journal of Econometrics103, 225) and the Triples test proposed by Randleset al. (1980.Journal of the American Statistical Association75, 168). The findings showed that there is weak evidence of asymmetry, given that the null hypothesis of symmetry can only be rejected at 10 per cent level of significance. Hence, econometric models examining the South African electricity demand during the same period are credible in their assumption of a linear data generating process.
Analysis of Spino‐pelvic Sagittal Alignment in Young Chinese Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Fei Han , Li Wei‐shi , Sun Zhuo‐ran , Ma Qing‐wei , Chen Zhong‐qiang 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveFew studies have concentrated on the sagittal alignment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH), especially the parameters of the pelvis, and controversy exists about whether pelvic morphology is involved in the pathogenesis of LDH. The present study analyzed the characteristics of the sagittal alignment in young Chinese LDH patients and explored the impact of pelvic morphology on the pathogenesis of LDH.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 young patients with LDH (69 men and 31 women, aged 18–35 years), and the clinical and imaging findings met the criteria for the diagnosis of LDH. The control group included 100 asymptomatic volunteers with matching age and gender. Coronal and sagittal parameters were measured on the anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the whole spine, including lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), thoracic kyphosis (TK), and sagittal balance (SVA). The cases were classified into four types by the apex position of lumbar lordosis (type I, L5 or the L4–5 intervertebral space; type II, bottom or middle of L4; type III, upper part of L4 or the intervertebral space between L3 and L4; type IV, L3 or more high level), and divided into three groups by PI; namely, a low PI group (PI < 40°), a medium PI group (40° ≤ PI < 50°), and a high PI group (PI ≥ 50°). The sagittal parameters, especially PI, were compared between the LDH group and the control group. Correlations between the parameters in the LDH group were analyzed.ResultsThe PI value of the LDH group was not different from that of the control group (46.1° ± 10.0° vs 47.2° ± 8.8°, P > 0.05). The LDH group showed lower average LL, SS, and TK (P < 0.01), as well as higher PT and SVA compared with the control group (P < 0.01). The LL (34.4° ± 15.3° vs 50.8° ± 10.2°) and SVA (21.6 ± 53.6 mm vs − 18.4 ± 32.8 mm) showed a significant difference (P < 0.01); LL was correlated with PI, SS, PT, TK and SVA (P < 0.01); and SVA was also correlated with the parameters above (P < 0.01) except PI (P > 0.05), and the lordosis apex tended to be higher. The distributions of PI groups between the LDH group and the control group were not different. Pairwise correlations were found among LL, PI, SS, and PT. In addition, TK and SVA were correlated with LL, SS, and PT.ConclusionsThere is no difference in PI between young Chinese patients with lumbar disc herniation and the normal population. Young LDH patients may present flat lumbar and thoracic curves, as well as lower sacral slope. The anteversion sagittal imbalance is regulated by both the spine and the pelvis.
Optimal Pelvic Incidence Minus Lumbar Lordosis Mismatch after Long Posterior Instrumentation and Fusion for Adult Degenerative Scoliosis
Authors: Zhang Hao‐cong , Zhang Zi‐fang , Wang Zhao‐han , Cheng Jun‐yao , Wu Yun‐chang , Fan Yi‐ming , Wang Tian‐hao , Wang Zheng 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)‐Schwab sagittal modifiers of pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis mismatch (PI‐LL) on clinical outcomes for adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) after long posterior instrumentation and fusion.MethodsThis was a single‐institute, retrospective study. From 2012 to 2014, 44 patients with ADS who underwent posterior instrumentation and fusion treatment were reviewed. Radiological evaluations were investigated by standing whole spine (posteroanterior and lateral views) X‐ray and all radiological measurements, including Cobb’s angle, LL, PI, and the grading of vertebral rotation, were performed by two experienced surgeons who were blind to the operations. The patients were divided into three groups based on postoperative PI‐LL and the classification of the SRS‐Schwab: 0 grade PI‐LL (<10°, n = 13); + grade PI‐LL (10°–20°, n = 19); and ++ grade PI‐LL (>20°, n = 12). The clinical outcomes were assessed according to Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Lumbar Stiffness Disability Index (LSDI), and complications. Other characteristic data of patients were also collected, including intraoperative blood loss, operative time, length of hospital stay, complications, number of fusion levels, and number of decompressions.ResultsThe mean operative time, blood loss, and hospital stay were 284.5 ± 30.2 min, 1040.5 ± 1207.6 mL, and 14.5 ± 1.9 day. At the last follow‐up (2.6 ± 0.6 years), the radiological and functional parameters, except the grading of vertebral rotation, were all significantly improved in comparison with preoperative results (P < 0.05), but it was obvious that an ideal PI‐LL (≤10°) was not achieved in some patients. Significant differences were only observed among the three groups in the ODI and LSDI. Patients with + grade PI‐LL seemed to have the best surgical outcome compared to those with 0 and ++ grade PI‐LL, with the lowest ODI score (+ grade vs 0 grade, 17.3 ± 4.9 vs 26.0 ± 5.4; + grade vs ++ grade, 17.3 ± 4.9 vs 32.4 ± 7.3; P < 0.05) and lower LSDI (+ grade vs 0 grade, 1.6 ± 1.0 vs 3.5 ± 0.5, P < 0.05; + grade vs ++ grade, 1.6 ± 1.0 vs 0.6 ± 0.5, P > 0.05). A Pearson correlation analysis further demonstrated that LSDI was negatively associated with PI‐LL. Furthermore, the incidence rate of postoperative complications was lower in patients with + grade PI‐LL (1/19, 5.26%) than that in patients with 0 (2/13, 15.4%) and ++ grade PI‐LL (3/12, 25%).ConclusionOur present study suggest that the ideal PI‐LL may be between 10° and 20° in ADS patients after long posterior instrumentation and fusion.
Prediction of the backwater level due to bridge constriction in waterways
Authors: Atabay Serter , Haji Amou Assar Kimia , Hashemi Mahsa , Dib Miri 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article proposes a mathematical method to calculate the backwater level at bridge constrictions for compound channels. Such a model is necessary, as many of the previously developed simple formulas yield inaccurate results. Parametric studies on a single‐opening semicircular arch, single‐opening semielliptical arch and single‐opening straight deck bridge were also conducted using the commercial software HEC‐RAS to investigate the influences of different factors on backwater level. The results indicated that the Froude number, opening ratio, discharge and roughness coefficient impact the backwater level considerably. Hence, a simple mathematical method was developed based on these parameters and validated using experimental data in a symmetrical two‐stage channel with different roughness coefficients for different types of bridge models. The results obtained using the proposed formula corresponded well with the experimental data and the results obtained using the energy method, which is accurate and the most commonly used method to calculate backwater level.
Astrolabes for the King: The Astrolabe of Petrus Raimundi of Barcelona
Authors: Hernández Azucena 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The astrolabe of Petrus Raimundi, made in Barcelona in 1375, occupies a significant position in the set of medieval Spanish astrolabes with Latin inscriptions, as it is the only one signed and dated that has survived to the present day. A full description and study of the astrolabe is presented in the context of the support given to the manufacturing of scientific instruments by King Peter iv of Aragon. Although the astronomical and time reckoning features of the astrolabe are fully detailed, special attention is given to its artistic and decorative features. The relationships between Petrus Raimundi’s astrolabe and those manufactured in al-Andalus, the region under Islamic rule within the Iberian Peninsula in the Middle Ages, are highlighted, as well as the links with astrolabe production in other European Christian kingdoms. The role played by astrolabes in medicine is considered and first steps are taken towards discovering the identity of Petrus Raimundi.
Solidarity and Responsibility: Advancing Humanitarian Responses to eu Migratory Pressures
Authors: Morano-Foadi Sonia 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The principle of solidarity is embedded in the foundations of the European Union (eu) legal system and is integral to the very ethos that has made the Union possible. However, as Member States struggle with contemporary challenges such as high migration flows, terrorism and economic turmoil they have predominantly adopted individualist and protectionist strategies which undermine the character of the Union. Those strategies include, for instance, building walls and securitising internal borders.
This contribution argues that solidarity is inextricably linked with responsibility. Solidarity gives rise to responsibility and is a desired consequence of responsibility. Thus, this work suggests that strengthening the binomial of solidarity/responsibility is the solution that will create effective practices in meeting the humanitarian needs of refugees and sharing burdens between Member States.
The contribution analyses the eu’s commitment to solidarity/responsibility and calls for Member States to demonstrate their commitment. Three types of Member State solidarity/responsibility are identified: 1) towards refugees and migrants, 2) towards fellow countries and 3) towards the eu itself. The latter finds its legal foundation in the principle of ‘sincere cooperation’ as enshrined in Article 4 (3) teu and constitutes a means of protecting collective interest and precluding unilateral Member State actions that might jeopardize the entire eu project.
Bound or Unbridled? A Legal Perspective on the Diplomatic Functions of European Union Delegations
Authors: Duquet Sanderijn 
Published: September 2017

Summary
When serving abroad, diplomats must abide by both the diplomatic functions detailed in the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and the Convention’s general obligations. This applies, too, to the European Union’s missions (Union delegations), which execute diplomatic functions for the eu in third countries. These diplomatic activities are more severely constrained than for individual member states by the limits set by eu law in terms of the horizontal and vertical division of competences. This article demonstrates how Union delegations fulfil nearly all traditional diplomatic tasks outlined in the Vienna Convention, while going beyond the traditional conception of diplomatic functions in terms of human rights protection, the execution of administrative programmes, and the management of coordination/cooperation modes with eu member state missions on the ground. Ultimately, the article argues that Union delegations are able to meet the demands of modern diplomatic interchange and may have inadvertently altered diplomatic functions altogether.