bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetrical reproductive interference between two sibling species of tea looper: Ectropis grisescens and Ectropis obliqua
Authors: Zhang G.-H. , Yuan Z.-J. , Yin K.-S. , Fu J.-Y. , Tang M.-J. , Xiao Q. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEctropis grisescensWarren andEctropis obliqua(Prout) are two morphologically similar sibling species with overlapping ranges. In this study, manipulative laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the possibility of reproductive interference in sympatric populations ofE. grisescensandE. obliquaand the potential consequences of the mating interaction. Our results showed that the presence of males or females of different species could incur mating interference and significant reduction ofF1offspring. The reduction was not significant relevant to the initial relative abundance ofE. grisescensandE. obliqua. Detailed observations of mating opportunity showed that female mating frequencies of both species were not significantly affected by the absolute species density, but the mating success ofE. obliquafemales with conspecific males depended on species ratio. In addition, adding males to the other species resulted in lower number of offspring suggesting that the males’ behaviour might be linked with mating interference. Males of bothE. grisescensandE. obliquacould interfere the intraspecific mating of the other species, but the impact of the mating interference differed. These combined data indicated that asymmetric reproductive interference existed inE. grisescensandE. obliquaunder laboratory conditions, and the offspring of the mixed species were significantly reduced. The long term outcome of this effect is yet to be determined since additional reproductive factors such as oviposition rate and progeny survival to adulthood may reduce the probability of demographic displacement of one species by the other in overlapping niches.
Europeanisation beyond the European Union: tobacco advertisement restrictions in Swiss cantons
Authors: Trein Philipp 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article forges a link between support for European integration and adoption of tobacco advertisement restrictions in Swiss cantons. Leaning on the policy diffusion literature, this article argues that the more voters support deeper European integration, the more likely cantonal governments are to restrict tobacco advertising. Policymakers use voters’ support for more European integration as a signal that they support regulatory policies that are strongly associated with the European Union (EU) in the political and media debate, such as tobacco advertisement bans. This effect ought to be especially strong in the absence of adverse economic interests, such as the presence of the tobacco industry. To buttress these claims, the present article uses statistical analysis, specifically event-history analysis. Apart from the insights about Swiss tobacco control policy, this article contributes to our understanding of indirect EU influence on cantonal policymaking and policy diffusion.
Long noncoding RNA related to periodontitis interacts with miR-182 to upregulate osteogenic differentiation in periodontal mesenchymal stem cells of periodontitis patients
Authors: Wang L , Wu F , Song Y , Li X , Wu Q , Duan Y , Jin Z 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPeriodontitis impairs the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal mesenchymal stem cells (hPDLSCs), but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to have significant roles under both physiologic and pathological conditions. In this study, we performed comprehensive lncRNA profiling by lncRNA microarray analysis and identified a novel lncRNA, osteogenesis impairment-related lncRNA of PDLSCs from periodontitis patients (lncRNA-POIR), the expression of which was significantly decreased in PDLSCs from periodontitis patients (pPDLSCs) and was upregulated by osteogenic induction. To study the functions of lncRNA-POIR, we prepared cells with overexpression and knockdown of lncRNA-POIR and found that lncRNA-POIR positively regulated osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs and pPDLSCs bothin vitroandin vivo. Using quantitative real-time PCRs (qPCRs) and luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated that lncRNA-POIR may act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-182, leading to derepression of its target gene,FoxO1. In this process, lncRNA-POIR and miR-182 suppress each other and form a network to regulateFoxO1. FoxO1increased bone formation of pPDLSCs by competing withTCF-4forβ-cateninand inhibiting the canonical Wnt pathway. Finally, inflammation increases miR-182 expression through the nuclear factor-κB pathway, and the miR-182 overexpression in the inflammatory microenvironment resulted in an imbalance in the lncRNA-POIR-miR-182 regulatory network. In conclusion, our results provide novel evidence that this lncRNA-miRNA (microRNA) regulatory network has a significant role in osteogenic differentiation of pPDLSCs and that it has potential as a therapeutic target in mesenchymal stem cells during inflammation.
Protein cross-linking by chlorinated polyamines and transglutamylation stabilizes neutrophil extracellular traps
Authors: Csomós Krisztián , Kristóf Endre , Jakob Bernadett , Csomós István , Kovács György , Rotem Omri , Hodrea Judit , Bagoly Zsuzsa , Muszbek Laszlo , Balajthy Zoltán , Csősz Éva , Fésüs László 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNeutrophil extracellular trap (NET) ejected from activated dying neutrophils is a highly ordered structure of DNA and selected proteins capable to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms. Biochemical determinants of the non-randomly formed stable NETs have not been revealed so far. Studying the formation of human NETs we have observed that polyamines were incorporated into the NET. Inhibition of myeloperoxidase, which is essential for NET formation and can generate reactive chlorinated polyamines through hypochlorous acid, decreased polyamine incorporation. Addition of exogenous primary amines that similarly to polyamines inhibit reactions catalyzed by the protein cross-linker transglutaminases (TGases) has similar effect. Proteomic analysis of the highly reproducible pattern of NET components revealed cross-linking of NET proteins through chlorinated polyamines and ɛ(γ-glutamyl)lysine as well as bis-γ-glutamyl polyamine bonds catalyzed by the TGases detected in neutrophils. Competitive inhibition of protein cross-linking by monoamines disturbed the cross-linking pattern of NET proteins, which resulted in the loss of the ordered structure of the NET and significantly reduced capacity to trap bacteria. Our findings provide explanation of how NETs are formed in a reproducible and ordered manner to efficiently neutralize microorganisms at the first defense line of the innate immune system.
Golgi-associated LC3 lipidation requires V-ATPase in noncanonical autophagy
Authors: Gao Ying , Liu Yajun , Hong Liang , Yang Zuolong , Cai Xinran , Chen Xiaoyun , Fu Yuanyuan , Lin Yujie , Wen Weijie , Li Sitong , Liu Xingguo , Huang Heqing , Vogt Andreas , Liu Peiqing , Yin Xiao-Ming , Li Min 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAutophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process by which cells degrade intracellular proteins and organelles in the lysosomes. Canonical autophagy requires all autophagy proteins (ATGs), whereas noncanonical autophagy is activated by diverse agents in which some of the essential autophagy proteins are dispensable. How noncanonical autophagy is induced and/or inhibited is still largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that AMDE-1, a recently identified chemical that can induce canonical autophagy, was able to elicit noncanonical autophagy that is independent of the ULK1 (unc-51-like kinase 1) complex and the Beclin1 complex. AMDE-1-induced noncanonical autophagy could be specifically suppressed by various V-ATPase (vacuolar-type H+-ATPase) inhibitors, but not by disturbance of the lysosome function or the intracellular ion redistribution. Similar findings were applicable to a diverse group of stimuli that can induce noncanonical autophagy in a FIP200-independent manner. AMDE-1-induced LC3 lipidation was colocalized with the Golgi complex, and was inhibited by the disturbance of Golgi complex. The integrity of the Golgi complex was also required for multiple other agents to stimulate noncanonical LC3 lipidation. These results suggest that the Golgi complex may serve as a membrane platform for noncanonical autophagy where V-ATPase is a key player. V-ATPase inhibitors could be useful tools for studying noncanonical autophagy.
Oncogenic microtubule hyperacetylation through BEX4-mediated sirtuin 2 inhibition
Authors: Lee Jin-Kwan , Lee Janet , Go Heounjeong , Lee Chang Geun , Kim Suhyeon , Kim Hyun-Soo , Cho Hyeseong , Choi Kyeong Sook , Ha Geun-Hyoung , Lee Chang-Woo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFive brain-expressed X-linked (BEX) gene members (BEX1–5) are arranged in tandem on chromosome X, and are highly conserved across diverse species. However, little is known about the function and role of BEX. This study represents a first attempt to demonstrate the molecular details of a novel oncogene BEX4. Among BEX proteins, BEX4 localizes to microtubules and spindle poles, and interacts with α-tubulin (α-TUB) and sirtuin 2 (SIRT2). The overexpression of BEX4 leads to the hyperacetylation of α-TUB by inhibiting SIRT2-mediated deacetylation. Furthermore, we found BEX4 expression conferred resistance to apoptotic cell death but led to acquisition of aneuploidy, and also increased the proliferating potential and growth of tumors. These results suggest that BEX4 overexpression causes an imbalance between TUB acetylation and deacetylation by SIRT2 inhibition and induces oncogenic aneuploidy transformation.
Antitherapeutic antibody-mediated hepatotoxicity of recombinant human Apo2L/TRAIL in the cynomolgus monkey
Authors: Zuch de Zafra Christina L , Ashkenazi Avi , Darbonne Walter C , Cheu Melissa , Totpal Klara , Ortega Shirley , Flores Heather , Walker Mark D , Kabakoff Bruce , Lum Bert L , Mounho-Zamora Barbara J , Marsters Scot A , Dybdal Noël O 
Published: August 2016

AbstractApo2L/TRAIL is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily and an important inducer of apoptosis. Recombinant human (rhu) Apo2L/TRAIL has been attractive as a potential cancer therapeutic because many types of tumor cells are sensitive to its apoptosis-inducing effects. Nonclinical toxicology studies were conducted to evaluate the safety of rhuApo2L/TRAIL for possible use in humans. The cynomolgus monkey was chosen for this safety assessment based on high protein sequence homology between human and cynomolgus Apo2L/TRAIL and comparable expression of their receptors. Although hepatotoxicity was observed in repeat-dose monkey studies with rhuApo2L/TRAIL, all animals that displayed hepatotoxicity had developed antitherapeutic antibodies (ATAs). The cynomolgus ATAs augmented the cytotoxicity of rhuApo2L/TRAIL but not of its cynomolgus counterpart. Of note, human and cynomolgus Apo2L/TRAIL differ by four amino acids, three of which are surface-exposed. In vivo studies comparing human and cynomolgus Apo2L/TRAIL supported the conclusion that these distinct amino acids served as epitopes for cross-species ATAs, capable of crosslinking rhuApo2L/TRAIL and thus triggering hepatocyte apoptosis. We describe a hapten-independent mechanism of immune-mediated, drug-related hepatotoxicity – in this case – associated with the administration of a human recombinant protein in monkeys. The elucidation of this mechanism enabled successful transition of rhuApo2L/TRAIL into human clinical trials.
Room-temperature ferroelectricity in CuInP2S6 ultrathin flakes
Authors: Liu Fucai , You Lu , Seyler Kyle L. , Li Xiaobao , Yu Peng , Lin Junhao , Wang Xuewen , Zhou Jiadong , Wang Hong , He Haiyong , Pantelides Sokrates T. , Zhou Wu , Sharma Pradeep , Xu Xiaodong , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Wang Junling , Liu Zheng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising candidates for various optoelectronic applications based on their diverse electronic properties, ranging from insulating to superconducting. However, cooperative phenomena such as ferroelectricity in the 2D limit have not been well explored. Here, we report room-temperature ferroelectricity in 2D CuInP2S6 (CIPS) with a transition temperature of ∼320 K. Switchable polarization is observed in thin CIPS of ∼4 nm. To demonstrate the potential of this 2D ferroelectric material, we prepare a van der Waals (vdW) ferroelectric diode formed by CIPS/Si heterostructure, which shows good memory behaviour with on/off ratio of ∼100. The addition of ferroelectricity to the 2D family opens up possibilities for numerous novel applications, including sensors, actuators, non-volatile memory devices, and various vdW heterostructures based on 2D ferroelectricity.
Identification of Siglec-1 null individuals infected with HIV-1
Authors: Martinez-Picado Javier , McLaren Paul J. , Erkizia Itziar , Martin Maureen P. , Benet Susana , Rotger Margalida , Dalmau Judith , Ouchi Dan , Wolinsky Steven M. , Penugonda Sudhir , Günthard Huldrych F. , Fellay Jacques , Carrington Mary , Izquierdo-Useros Nuria , Telenti Amalio 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSiglec-1/CD169 is a myeloid-cell surface receptor critical for HIV-1 capture and infection of bystander target cells. To dissect the role of SIGLEC1 in natura, we scan a large population genetic database and identify a loss-of-function variant (Glu88Ter) that is found in ∼1% of healthy people. Exome analysis and direct genotyping of 4,233 HIV-1-infected individuals reveals two Glu88Ter homozygous and 97 heterozygous subjects, allowing the analysis of ex vivo and in vivo consequences of SIGLEC1 loss-of-function. Cells from these individuals are functionally null or haploinsufficient for Siglec-1 activity in HIV-1 capture and trans-infection ex vivo. However, Siglec-1 protein truncation does not have a measurable impact on HIV-1 acquisition or AIDS outcomes in vivo. This result contrasts with the known in vitro functional role of Siglec-1 in HIV-1 trans-infection. Thus, it provides evidence that the classical HIV-1 infectious routes may compensate for the lack of Siglec-1 in fuelling HIV-1 dissemination within infected individuals.
Autophagy initiation by ULK complex assembly on ER tubulovesicular regions marked by ATG9 vesicles
Authors: Karanasios Eleftherios , Walker Simon A. , Okkenhaug Hanneke , Manifava Maria , Hummel Eric , Zimmermann Hans , Ahmed Qashif , Domart Marie-Charlotte , Collinson Lucy , Ktistakis Nicholas T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAutophagosome formation requires sequential translocation of autophagy-specific proteins to membranes enriched in PI3P and connected to the ER. Preceding this, the earliest autophagy-specific structure forming de novo is a small punctum of the ULK1 complex. The provenance of this structure and its mode of formation are unknown. We show that the ULK1 structure emerges from regions, where ATG9 vesicles align with the ER and its formation requires ER exit and coatomer function. Super-resolution microscopy reveals that the ULK1 compartment consists of regularly assembled punctate elements that cluster in progressively larger spherical structures and associates uniquely with the early autophagy machinery. Correlative electron microscopy after live imaging shows tubulovesicular membranes present at the locus of this structure. We propose that the nucleation of autophagosomes occurs in regions, where the ULK1 complex coalesces with ER and the ATG9 compartment.
Environmental change makes robust ecological networks fragile
Authors: Strona Giovanni , Lafferty Kevin D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractComplex ecological networks appear robust to primary extinctions, possibly due to consumers’ tendency to specialize on dependable (available and persistent) resources. However, modifications to the conditions under which the network has evolved might alter resource dependability. Here, we ask whether adaptation to historical conditions can increase community robustness, and whether such robustness can protect communities from collapse when conditions change. Using artificial life simulations, we first evolved digital consumer-resource networks that we subsequently subjected to rapid environmental change. We then investigated how empirical host–parasite networks would respond to historical, random and expected extinction sequences. In both the cases, networks were far more robust to historical conditions than new ones, suggesting that new environmental challenges, as expected under global change, might collapse otherwise robust natural ecosystems.
Regulation of energy homeostasis by the ubiquitin-independent REGγ proteasome
Authors: Sun Lianhui , Fan Guangjian , Shan Peipei , Qiu Xiaoying , Dong Shuxian , Liao Lujian , Yu Chunlei , Wang Tingting , Gu Xiaoyang , Li Qian , Song Xiaoyu , Cao Liu , Li Xiaotao , Cui Yongping , Zhang Shengping , Wang Chuangui 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMaintenance of energy homeostasis is essential for cell survival. Here, we report that the ATP- and ubiquitin-independent REGγ-proteasome system plays a role in maintaining energy homeostasis and cell survival during energy starvation via repressing rDNA transcription, a major intracellular energy-consuming process. Mechanistically, REGγ-proteasome limits cellular rDNA transcription and energy consumption by targeting the rDNA transcription activator SirT7 for ubiquitin-independent degradation under normal conditions. Moreover, energy starvation induces an AMPK-directed SirT7 phosphorylation and subsequent REGγ-dependent SirT7 subcellular redistribution and degradation, thereby further reducing rDNA transcription to save energy to overcome cell death. Energy starvation is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Our report also shows that REGγ knockdown markedly improves the anti-tumour activity of energy metabolism inhibitors in mice. Our results underscore a control mechanism for an ubiquitin-independent process in maintaining energy homeostasis and cell viability under starvation conditions, suggesting that REGγ-proteasome inhibition has a potential to provide tumour-starving benefits.
Dislocation network with pair-coupling structure in {111} γ/γ′ interface of Ni-based single crystal superalloy
Authors: Ru Yi , Li Shusuo , Zhou Jian , Pei Yanling , Wang Hui , Gong Shengkai , Xu Huibin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe γ/γ′ interface dislocation network is reported to improve the high temperature creep resistance of single crystal superalloys and is usually found to deposit in {001} interface. In this work, a new type of dislocation network was found in {111} γ/γ′ interface at a single crystal model superalloy crept at 1100 °C/100 MPa. The dislocations in the network are screw with Burgers vectors of 1/2 a<110> and most interestingly, they exhibit a pair-coupling structure. Further investigation indicates that the formation of {111} interface dislocation network occurs when the γ′ raft structure begins to degrade by the dislocations cutting into the rafted γ′ through the interface. In this condition, the pair-coupling structure is established by the dislocations gliding in a single {111} plane of γ′, in order to remove the anti-phase boundary in γ′; these dislocations also act as diffusion channels for dissolving of the γ′ particle that is unstable under the interfacial stress from lattice misfit, which leads to the formation of {111}-type zigzag interface. The formation of this network arises as a consequence of more negative misfit, low-alloying γ′ particle and proper test conditions of temperature and stress.
Terrestrial carbohydrates support freshwater zooplankton during phytoplankton deficiency
Authors: Taipale Sami J. , Galloway Aaron W. E. , Aalto Sanni L. , Kahilainen Kimmo K. , Strandberg Ursula , Kankaala Paula 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFreshwater food webs can be partly supported by terrestrial primary production, often deriving from plant litter of surrounding catchment vegetation. Although consisting mainly of poorly bioavailable lignin, with low protein and lipid content, the carbohydrates from fallen tree leaves and shoreline vegetation may be utilized by aquatic consumers. Here we show that during phytoplankton deficiency, zooplankton (Daphnia magna) can benefit from terrestrial particulate organic matter by using terrestrial-origin carbohydrates for energy and sparing essential fatty acids and amino acids for somatic growth and reproduction. Assimilated terrestrial-origin fatty acids from shoreline reed particles exceeded available diet, indicating thatDaphniamay convert a part of their dietary carbohydrates to saturated fatty acids. This conversion was not observed with birch leaf diets, which had lower carbohydrate content. Subsequent analysis of 21 boreal and subarctic lakes showed that diet of herbivorous zooplankton is mainly based on high-quality phytoplankton rich in essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. The proportion of low-quality diets (bacteria and terrestrial particulate organic matter) was <28% of the assimilated carbon. Taken collectively, the incorporation of terrestrial carbon into zooplankton was not directly related to the concentration of terrestrial organic matter in experiments or lakes, but rather to the low availability of phytoplankton.
Supersonic shearwave elastography in the assessment of liver fibrosis for postoperative patients with biliary atresia
Authors: Chen Shuling , Liao Bing , Zhong Zhihai , Zheng Yanling , Liu Baoxian , Shan Quanyuan , Xie Xiaoyan , Zhou Luyao 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo explore an effective noninvasive tool for monitoring liver fibrosis of children with biliary atresia (BA) is important but evidences are limited. This study is to investigate the predictive accuracy of supersonic shearwave elastography (SSWE) in liver fibrosis for postoperative patients with BA and to compare it with aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4). 24 patients with BA received SSWE and laboratory tests before scheduled for liver biopsy. Spearman rank coefficient and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were used to analyze data. Metavir scores were F0 in 3, F1 in 2, F2 in 4, F3 in 7 and F4 in 8 patients. FIB-4 failed to correlate with fibrosis stage. The areas under the ROC curves of SSWE, APRI and their combination were 0.79, 0.65 and 0.78 for significant fibrosis, 0.81, 0.64 and 0.76 for advanced fibrosis, 0.82, 0.56 and 0.84 for cirrhosis. SSWE values at biopsy was correlated with platelet count (r = −0.426,P = 0.038), serum albumin (r = −0.670,P < 0.001), total bilirubin (r = 0.419,P = 0.041) and direct bilirubin levels (r = 0.518,P = 0.010) measured at 6 months after liver biopsy. Our results indicate that SSWE is a more promising tool to assess liver fibrosis than APRI and FIB-4 in children with BA.
RAMPred: identifying the N1-methyladenosine sites in eukaryotic transcriptomes
Authors: Chen Wei , Feng Pengmian , Tang Hua , Ding Hui , Lin Hao 
Published: August 2016

AbstractN1-methyladenosine (m1A) is a prominent RNA modification involved in many biological processes. Accurate identification of m1A site is invaluable for better understanding the biological functions of m1A. However, limitations in experimental methods preclude the progress towards the identification of m1A site. As an excellent complement of experimental methods, a support vector machine based-method called RAMPred is proposed to identify m1A sites in H. sapiens, M. musculus and S. cerevisiae genomes for the first time. In this method, RNA sequences are encoded by using nucleotide chemical property and nucleotide compositions. RAMPred achieves promising performances in jackknife tests, cross cell line tests and cross species tests, indicating that RAMPred holds very high potential to become a useful tool for identifying m1A sites. For the convenience of experimental scientists, a web-server based on the proposed model was constructed and could be freely accessible at http://lin.uestc.edu.cn/server/RAMPred.