bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase I-II clinical trial of hyaluronan-cisplatin nanoconjugate in dogs with naturally occurring malignant tumors
Authors: Cai Shuang , Zhang Ti , Forrest W.C. , Yang Qiuhong , Groer Chad , Mohr Eva , Aires Daniel J. , Axiak-Bechtel Sandra M. , Flesner Brian K. , Henry Carolyn J. , Selting Kimberly A. , Tate Deborah , Swarz Jeffrey A. , Bryan Jeffrey N. , Forrest M. Laird 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a phase I-II clinical trial of hyaluronan-cisplatin nanoconjugate (HA-Pt) in dogs with naturally occurring malignant tumors.
ANIMALS 18 healthy rats, 9 healthy mice, and 16 dogs with cancer.
PROCEDURES HA-Pt was prepared and tested by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; DNA-platinum adduct formation and antiproliferation effects of cisplatin and HA-Pt were compared in vitro. Effects of cisplatin (IV) and HA-Pt (SC) in rodents were tested by clinicopathologic assays. In the clinical trial, dogs with cancer received 1 to 4 injections of HA-Pt (10 to 30 mg/m2, intratumoral or peritumoral, q 3 wk). Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis; CBC, serum BUN and creatinine concentration measurement, and urinalysis were conducted before and 1 week after each treatment. Some dogs underwent hepatic enzyme testing. Tumors were measured before the first treatment and 3 weeks after each treatment to assess response.
RESULTS No adverse drug effects were detected in pretrial assessments in rodents. Seven of 16 dogs completed the study; 3 had complete tumor responses, 3 had stable disease, and 1 had progressive disease. Three of 7 dogs with oral and nasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that completed the study had complete responses. Myelosuppression and cardiotoxicosis were identified in 6 and 2 dogs, respectively; none had nephrotoxicosis. Four of 5 dogs with hepatic enzymes assessed had increased ALT activities, attributed to diaquated cisplatin products in the HA-Pt. Pharmacokinetic data fit a 3-compartment model.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE HA-Pt treatment resulted in positive tumor responses in some dogs, primarily those with SCC. The adverse effect rate was high.
IMPACT FOR HUMAN MEDICINE Oral SCC in dogs has characteristics similar to human head and neck SCC; these results could be useful in developing human treatments.
Dextromethorphan and debrisoquine metabolism and polymorphism of the gene for cytochrome P450 isozyme 2D50 in Thoroughbreds
Authors: Corado Carley R. , McKemie Daniel S. , Knych Heather K. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize polymorphisms of the gene for cytochrome P450 isozyme 2D50 (CYP2D50) and the disposition of 2 CYP2D50 probe drugs, dextromethorphan and debrisoquine, in horses.
ANIMALS 23 healthy horses (22 Thoroughbreds and 1 Standardbred).
PROCEDURES Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP2D50 were identified. Disposition of dextromethorphan (2 mg/kg) and debrisoquine (0.2 mg/kg) were determined after oral (dextromethorphan) or nasogastric (debrisoquine) administration to the horses. Metabolic ratios of plasma dextromethorphan and total dextrorphan (dextrorphan plus dextrorphan-O-β-glucuronide) and 4-hydroxydebrisoquine concentrations were calculated on the basis of the area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve extrapolated to infinity for the parent drug divided by that for the corresponding metabolite. Pharmacokinetic data were used to categorize horses into the phenotypic drug-metabolism categories poor, extensive, and ultrarapid. Disposition patterns were compared among categories, and relationships between SNPs and metabolism categories were explored.
RESULTS Gene sequencing identified 51 SNPs, including 27 nonsynonymous SNPs. Debrisoquine was minimally detected after oral administration. Disposition of dextromethorphan varied markedly among horses. Metabolic ratios for dextromethorphan ranged from 0.03 to 0.46 (mean, 0.12). On the basis of these data, 1 horse was characterized as a poor metabolizer, 18 were characterized as extensive metabolizers, and 3 were characterized as ultrarapid metabolizers.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings suggested that CYP2D50 is polymorphic and that the disposition of the probe drug varies markedly in horses. The polymorphisms may be related to rates of drug metabolism. Additional research involving more horses of various breeds is needed to fully explore the functional implication of polymorphisms in CYP2D50.
Pharmacokinetics of voriconazole after intravenous and oral administration to healthy cats
Authors: Vishkautsan Polina , Papich Mark G. , Thompson George R. , Sykes Jane E. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine pharmacokinetics and adverse effects after voriconazole administration to cats and identify an oral dose of voriconazole for cats that maintains plasma drug concentrations within a safe and effective range.
ANIMALS 6 healthy cats.
PROCEDURES Voriconazole (1 mg/kg, IV) was administered to each cat (phase 1). Serial plasma voriconazole concentrations were measured for 24 hours after administration. Voriconazole suspension or tablets were administered orally at 4, 5, or 6 mg/kg (phase 2). Plasma voriconazole concentrations were measured for 24 hours after administration. Pharmacokinetics of tablet and suspension preparations was compared. Finally, an induction dose of 25 mg/cat (4.1 to 5.4 mg/kg, tablet formulation), PO, was administered followed by 12.5 mg/cat (2.05 to 2.7 mg/kg), PO, every 48 hours for 14 days (phase 3). Plasma voriconazole concentration was measured on days 2, 4, 8, and 15.
RESULTS Voriconazole half-life after IV administration was approximately 12 hours. Maximal plasma concentration was reached within 60 minutes after oral administration. A dose of 4 mg/kg resulted in plasma concentrations within the target range (1 to 4 μg/mL). Adverse effects included hypersalivation and miosis. During long-term administration, plasma concentrations remained in the target range but increased, which suggested drug accumulation.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Voriconazole had excellent oral bioavailability and a long half-life in cats. Oral administration of a dose of 12.5 mg/cat every 72 hours should be investigated. Miosis occurred when plasma concentrations reached the high end of the target range. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring should be considered to minimize adverse effects.
Radiographic and computed tomographic evaluation and gait analysis of Brazilian minipigs with syndactyly
Authors: Justolin Pedro L. T. , Rahal Sheila C. , Agostinho Felipe S. , Mamprim Maria J. , Teixeira Carlos R. , Doiche Danuta P. , Babicsak Vivian R. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize a population of Brazilian minipigs with naturally occurring syndactyly by use of plain radiographs and CT images and to evaluate kinetic and temporospatial variables by use of a pressure-sensing walkway.
ANIMALS 10 Brazilian minipigs from 6 to 8 months of age (group 1, 5 healthy pigs [body weight, 10.5 to 18.5 kg]; group 2, 5 pigs with syndactyly [body weight, 7.5 to 18.0 kg]).
PROCEDURES Forelimbs and hind limbs of all pigs were assessed by use of radiography and CT. Gait was analyzed by use of a pressure-sensing walkway.
RESULTS All limbs of all pigs of group 2 had syndactyly. Two forelimbs had complex-1 syndactyly, and 8 forelimbs had complex-2 syndactyly. Four hind limbs had simple syndactyly, 1 hind limb had complex-1 syndactyly, and 5 hind limbs had complex-2 syndactyly. Kinetic and temporospatial values and symmetry indices did not differ between groups. Plantar and palmar surfaces of healthy pigs had 2 areas of maximum pressure, whereas plantar and palmar surfaces of pigs with syndactyly had only 1 area of maximum pressure.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this population of pigs, the most common type of syndactyly was complex-2, and comparison with the healthy group revealed no alteration in kinetic and temporospatial variables. Therefore, results suggested that syndactyly in young minipigs did not cause locomotor disturbances.
Effects of racetrack surface and nail placement on movement between heels of the hoof and horseshoes of racehorses
Authors: Dahl Vanessa E. , Hitchens Peta L. , Stover Susan M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of racetrack surface and shoe characteristics on formation of wear grooves in the horseshoes of racehorses.
SAMPLES 1,121 horseshoes from 242 Thoroughbred racehorses collected during routine horseshoeing procedures at 4 racetracks with dirt or synthetic surfaces.
PROCEDURES Data for 1,014 horseshoes from 233 racehorses were analyzed. Horseshoes were photographed, and length and width of grooves formed at the heels of the solar surface of horseshoes were measured on the photographs. Effects of racetrack, racetrack surface, and shoe characteristics (eg, shoe size, clips, and nails) on length and width of grooves were assessed by use of a mixed-model anova.
RESULTS Length and width of wear grooves differed significantly on the basis of racetrack, nail placement, and limb side (left vs right). Differences in groove dimensions between types of racetrack surface (dirt vs synthetic) were less apparent than differences among racetracks.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Measurements of the length and width of wear grooves in the horseshoes of racehorses may be useful for understanding some aspects of hoof interactions with various racetrack surfaces. Interpretation of differences in wear grooves for various racetrack surfaces will likely require quantitation of the mechanical behavior of the surfaces.
Ex vivo penetration of low-level laser light through equine skin and flexor tendons
Authors: Duesterdieck-Zellmer Katja F. , Larson Maureen K. , Plant Thomas K. , Sundholm-Tepper Andrea , Payton Mark E. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure penetration efficiencies of low-level laser light energy through equine skin and to determine the fraction of laser energy absorbed by equine digital flexor tendons (superficial [SDFT] and deep [DDFT]).
SAMPLE Samples of skin, SDFTs, and DDFTs from 1 metacarpal area of each of 19 equine cadavers.
PROCEDURES A therapeutic laser with wavelength capabilities of 800 and 970 nm was used. The percentage of energy penetration for each wavelength was determined through skin before and after clipping and then shaving of hair, through shaved skin over SDFTs, and through shaved skin, SDFTs, and DDFTs (positioned in anatomically correct orientation). Influence of hair color; skin preparation, color, and thickness; and wavelength on energy penetration were assessed.
RESULTS For haired skin, energy penetration was greatest for light-colored hair and least for dark-colored hair. Clipping or shaving of skin improved energy penetration. Light-colored skin allowed greatest energy penetration, followed by medium-colored skin and dark-colored skin. Greatest penetration of light-colored skin occurred with the 800-nm wavelength, whereas greatest penetration of medium- and dark-colored skin occurred with the 970-nm wavelength. As skin thickness increased, energy penetration of samples decreased. Only 1% to 20% and 0.1% to 4% of energy were absorbed by SDFTs and DDFTs, respectively, depending on skin color, skin thickness, and applied wavelength.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that most laser energy directed through equine skin was absorbed or scattered by the skin. To achieve delivery of energy doses known to positively affect cells in vitro to equine SDFTs and DDFTs, skin preparation, color, and thickness and applied wavelength must be considered.
Determination of the inorganic composition and short term effect of aqueous extracts of root, pod, and stem of Telfairia occidentalis on some hematological parameters in rats
Authors: Ogbonnaya Enyinnaya A , Uadia Patrick O 
Published: August 2016

Aims and Objectives: This study is to investigate the inorganic composition and the effect of fourteen (14) -day oral administration of aqueous extracts of root, pod and stem of Telfairia occidentalis in rats.Materials and Methods: Plant samples were analyzed for K, P, Mg, Ca, S, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Wister rats of both sexes were assigned to sixteen (16) groups of 4 animals per group. Different animal groups received distilled water and root, stem, and pod extracts at the doses of 250, 750, 1500, 2250, and 3000mg/kg of body weight. All animals were treated for 14 days and sacrificed on the 15th day.Results: The inorganic composition result showed that potassium (K) was the highest in abundance in all the samples (root, pod, and stem), compared to the other mineral elements. The root contained high levels of potassium and manganese; the stem had magnesium, manganese and iron while the pod contained high amount of potassium, manganese and iron. Hematological assay results showed reduction in the values of white blood cell (WBC) count for higher doses of root extract and all doses (except for 1500mg/kg bw) of pod extract. Platelet count (PLT) was significantly high for root extract at 750mg/kg bw. The stem extract showed a consistent decrease in the red blood cell (RBC) count for all dose administered.Conclusion: Telfairia occidentalis root, pod, and stem may be a good source of inorganic elements. The extracts have varying effects on hematological parameters which may be dosage- and duration- dependent.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 75-80
Effect of postmenopausal status on insulin sensitivity in myanmar women
Authors: Thet Lwin Aye , Sein Mya Thanda , Latt Tint Swe 
Published: August 2016

Background: Animal studies show that ovarian hormone deficiency is associated with development of insulin resistance. In women, the menopause transition marks the cessation of ovarian function and insulin sensitivity would be reduced in postmenopausal women.Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the insulin sensitivity in Myanmar postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal womenMaterial and Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was undertaken in non obese, normal glucose tolerant post menopausal women (n=42, BMI (mean± SD) 21.3±2.8 kg/m2, age 52.6±4.4 years) and premenopausal women (n=33, BMI(mean± SD) 19.7±2.2 kg/m2, age32.7±4.9 years). Insulin sensitivity was assessed by homeostasis model assessment method of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) based on fasting blood glucose and fasting serum insulin level. Blood glucose was determined by glucose oxidase method. Serum insulin was estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:No differences in fasting blood glucose level (Mean ±SD 4.87±0.51 vs. 4.76±0.63mmol/L), fasting serum insulin level [median and interquartile range (IQR) 8.1 (6.7-11.8) vs. 8.1(6.5-9.9) µ IU/ml] and HOMA-IR [median and IQR 1.7 (1.4-2.8) vs. 1.7 (1.2-2.2)] were found between premenopausal and postmenopausal women.Conclusion: Postmenopausal status has no effect on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 36-41
Washing Expectations in Domestic Laundering – Consumer Behavior in Mexico
Authors: Hecht Martha , Plata Santiago 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A study was conducted to understand the impact of technological changes on household washing machines and how consumer behavior has adapted to such changes with respect to purchase drivers and laundry practices. To assess this aspect, from November 2014 until June 2015, 600 users were interviewed and from this group a sample was selected for a closer look on purchase decision and washing practices. Data were obtained through interviews and field visits with consumers in 3 different cities in Mexico. Results showed that consumer have changed their habits and practices through the years due to an improved income, increased women's participation in workforce, higher washing machine penetration and lowered prices/offers to acquire the appliance. Obtained results provide on the one hand an overview of how consumers evolve in case of purchasing a washing machine as well as the way of using the machine and on the other hand how their behavior was still influenced by the elderly.
Water and Energy Consumption in Domestic Laundering Worldwide – A Review
Authors: Gooijer Henk , Stamminger Rainer 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A literature review was executed to collect data on the resource consumption connected to domestic laundering processes. Data from literature on water and energy consumption were collected. The study focussed on Europe, as for Europe enough date could be collected for a thorough analysis. However, the limited data available for Japan and the USA were also included and discussed.
Textile Quality Depletion due to Household Machine Wash – Ways to Measure and Impacts of Wash Duration and Temperature on Textiles
Authors: Scheid Frederik , Lambert Edith , Maitra Writi , Niestrath Marina , Fäh Daniel , Portmann Christian , Gorny Susanne , Stamminger Rainer 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Washing machines should not only deliver good removal of stains, but also take care of the garments. Mechanical action produced by the washing machine has a twofold impact: It supports the removal of stains, but it also influences the structure of the textiles negatively and is, therefore, critical to textile care. Most washing machines are currently assessed by consumer organisations and political regulations, such as energy labelling, just for their washing properties. However, a long programme may provide a good washing performance, but might also damage the textiles more than a shorter programme. Test specimens assessing the mechanical impact are well known and published, for example, IEC PAS 62473:2007, however, they are rarely used. Reasons may be poor knowledge about their effectiveness in assessing the mechanical action and their reaction to different washing conditions, for example, load size, temperature and duration of the washing programme. It was the task of this study to verify this relationship and confirm that the thread removal fabric, as specified in IEC PAS 62473:2007, adds additional information to the assessment of a washing process. As a result of a wide variation of washing parameters, it could be shown that this test fabric is almost independent of the washing temperature, but shows a clear correlation with the load size and the length of the washing process. The thread removal specimens add valuable additional information concerning a relevant parameter of the washing process.
New Evaluation Method of Cleaning Performance for Washing Machines
Authors: Stamminger Rainer , Lambert Edith , Hilgers Thomas 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Several different approaches are commonly used to obtain information about the performance of laundry systems, e.g. washing machines. The evaluation of washing performance with soiled test fabrics is commonly done by measuring the reflectance of the washed test specimen. The absolute reflectance readings may be used if the results are only compared within a series of tests using the same batches of test materials for all runs. The inevitable uncertainty of any test results may be reduced if the results can be expressed as ratios compared to the performance of well-known or well-established reference systems tested in parallel. This approach is defined in IEC 60456:2010 and followed globally for assessing the performance of washing machines. With the current evaluation method the calculation of the overall wash performance test result cannot be adjusted to adequately reflect the characteristics of different wash programmes designed for different purposes – or different machine technology and global regions. It is therefore the task of this paper to develop an evaluation method for assessing the cleaning performance of washing machines which is scientifically sound and statistically complete and more flexible in its application to different programmes and/or regions. A new cleaning evaluation method is suggested in this paper and applied to two sets of available data. The new cleaning evaluation method shows to have a number of apparent advantages over the method currently used. As a straightforward approach the stain specific evaluation ensures full usage of generated information including reference machine and batch values to allow calibrating the test result. The full statistical evaluation gives a more complete picture and allows partial results to reflect different aspects of system performance as well as weighting factors allow adjustment to specific requirements.
Investigation of material removal rate (MRR) and wire wear ratio (WWR) for alloy Ti6Al4 V exposed to heat treatment processing in WEDM and optimization of parameters using Grey relational analysis
Authors: Altuğ Mehmet 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The study examines the changes of the microstructural, mechanical and conductivity characteristics of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4 V as a result of heat treatment using wire electrical discharge machining, and their effect on machinability. By means of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), analyses have been performed to determine various characteristics and additionally, microhardness and conductivity measurements have been conducted. Material removal rate (MRR) and wire wear ratio (WWR) values have been determined by using L18 Taguchi test design. The microstructures of the samples have been changed by thermal procedures. Results have been obtained by using the Grey relational analysis (GRA) optimization technique to solve the maximum MRR and minimum WWR values. The best (highest) MRR value is obtained from sample E which was water quenched in dual phase processing. The microstructure of this sample is composed of primary α and α’ phases. The best (lowest) WWR value is obtained from sample A.
Fabrication of 3D porous MoS2–GO nanocomposite monolith as a promising adsorbent
Authors: Xia Hongkun , Ji Tianhao , Wu You , Wu Yongle 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) nanocomposite monolith containing MoS2 nanoflakes, graphene oxide (GO) and amorphous SiO2 was fabricated through a simple mixing process and hydrothermal treatment. Compared with GO monolith prepared under identical conditions, the MoS2–GO monolith had larger specific surface area, smaller pore diameter, as well as much higher adsorption capacity for Cu2+ and Rhodamine B. Introducing amorphous SiO2 into the end monolith by using tetraethyl orthosilicate as a reactant in the synthesis reduced shrinkage and produced a greater number of large pores (>1 μm pore diameter) in the monolith. The specific surface area and pore diameter of the MoS2–GO monolith were 321.4 m2 g−1 and 11.71 nm, respectively. The higher adsorption capacity was ascribed to the presence of many S atoms in the MoS2 nanoflakes inside the monolith.
Metallurgical Failure Investigation of a Surface Hardened Drive Shaft Made of Tempered Low-Alloy Steel 25CrMo4 (1.7218)
Authors: Fischer B. , Cagliyan E. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A drive shaft of a multifunctional mechanical processing machine for large components broke down during processing. The OEM shaft was worn-out after years of operation and was recently replaced. The replaced drive shaft was delivered to the materials laboratory of the Berlin gas turbine plant in order to identify the cause of the damage. It was found that the component failed due to high cycle fatigue failure, HCF, on the tooth roots after a short period of operation. The teeth of the damaged shaft were inappropriately induction surface hardened.