bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unbundling marriage law
Authors: Lifshitz Shahar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article illuminates the legal regulation of the economic rights of non‐marital partners at separation or death. Current approaches have typically fallen into two categories: one advocating for the separation of legal regimes based on formal status, treating cohabitant partners as strangers, and the other taking a functional approach, treating cohabitation and marriage as substantively identical. However, both approaches fail to offer a coherent alternative for regulating cohabitation. This article proposes a novel third option – the institutional, autonomy‐based, pluralist model. The pluralist model acknowledges the legal commitment between cohabitants while carefully distinguishing the legal regulation of cohabitation from that of marriage. Unlike prevailing models that offer a “package deal,” the pluralist model selectively applies only suitable components of marriage law to non‐marital relationships, considering thoughtful criteria for their applicability and ensuring a nuanced approach. The pluralist model offers a middle ground between treating cohabitants as strangers and treating them as married for purposes of regulating marital property, spousal support, and inheritance. Ultimately, it provides a framework that considers the complexities of non‐married relationships while maintaining a desirable level of legal clarity.
Lies my child welfare system has told me: The critical importance of centering families' voices in family policing legal advocacy
Authors: Katz Sarah , Lee April 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe web of law, regulation and policy which forms the modern day “child welfare” system is organized around one central unifying principle: the notion that these laws, regulations and policies are necessary to protect and save children. Yet an ever‐growing and overwhelming chorus of “lived experts” – individuals who have been impacted as a parent and/or child by what is more aptly called the family policing system – as well as by advocates and scholars, are drawing attention to the degree of harm the system causes to the families it purports to help. Even though the harms the family policing system causes are well known, the family policing system continues to justify these harms as warranted in the name of protecting children. More concerning, even well‐meaning advocates and scholars who acknowledge the harms, implicitly and explicitly continue to perpetuate the big lie that the family policing system's intention is benevolent and caring. The impetus for any law is a story; law identifies a problem and seeks to resolve it. But what happens when the story is false? The stories we tell about the need for family policing perpetuate harm and replicate systemic racism. Most importantly, the impact of these false narratives can be felt through generations of families leaving devastated communities. The stories, perspectives and opinions of those most impacted by the system historically have been, and continue to be, intentionally left out of the making of law and policy, and even in the teaching of the law. Unless the actual perspectives of families are present to challenge the stories that are woven into the law, these narratives will continue to create significant obstacles to critical thought about the law, prevent meaningful legal change, and ultimately cause continued harm to families and communities. In this essay, in the tradition of participatory law scholarship (Note: Rachel Lopez, Participatory Law Scholarship, 123 Colum. L. Rev. 1795 (2023) [“Participatory Law Scholarship or (PLS)… is an emerging genre of legal scholarship written in collaboration with authors… who have no formal training in the law but rather expertise in its function and dysfunction through lived experience.”]), the authors, a parent and professional advocate, and a clinical law professor and attorney, seek to unpack the myths which are built into the laws of family policing. In reckoning with these myths, the paper seeks to propose a critical framework to both acknowledge the intentional trauma and harm caused by the family policing system, and to disrupt and dismantle the fictions that are the underpinnings of the laws and regulations that continue to perpetuate these harms. Ultimately, this paper argues that by centering the lived expertise of families' voices and perspectives in legal advocacy, we can form a cogent vision for true safety for families and communities.
A critical re‐analysis of biochar properties prediction from production parameters and elemental analysis
Authors: Lebrun Thauront Johanne , Soja Gerhard , Schmidt Hans‐Peter , Abiven Samuel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBiochar is the product of intentional pyrolysis of organic feedstocks. It is made under controlled conditions in order to achieve desired physico‐chemical characteristics. These characteristics ultimately affect biochar properties as a soil amendment. When biochar is used for carbon storage, an important property is its persistence in soil, often described by the proportion of biochar carbon remaining in soil after a 100 years (). We analyzed published data on 1230 biochars to re‐evaluate the effect of pyrolysis parameters on biochar characteristics and the possibility to predict from the maximum temperature reached during pyrolysis (HTT). We showed that biochar ash and nitrogen (N) contents were mostly affected by feedstock type. The oxygen to carbon (O:C) and hydrogen to carbon (H:C) ratios were mostly affected by the extent of pyrolysis (a combination of HTT and pyrolysis duration), except for non (ligno)cellulosic feedstocks (plastic waste, sewage sludge). The volatile matter (VM) content was affected by both feedstock type and the extent of pyrolysis. We demonstrated that HTT is the main driver of H:C ‐‐ an indicator of persistence ‐‐ but that it is not measured accurately enough to precisely predict H:C, let alone persistence. We examined the equations to estimate available in the literature and showed that calculated from HTT presented little agreement with calculated from H:C. The sign and magnitude of the bias depended on the equation used to calculate and the dispersion was usually large. This could lead to improper compensation of carbon emissions and wrong reporting of carbon sinks in national carbon accounting schemes. We recommend not to use HTT as a predictor for persistence and stress the importance to rapidly develop more accurate proxies of biochar C persistence in soil.
Sense of Place in Latin America: Mobilities, Territorialities, and Fear
Authors: Ortega‐Iturriaga Adrián , Bocco Gerardo , Urquijo Pedro S. , Serrano Javier O. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSense of place has become relevant in Latin America in recent decades. Although many scholars have looked at people‐place relationships there, language barriers have limited the international exposure of these studies. By assembling a collection of works mainly published in Spanish and Portuguese, we trace the fields of research where the concept has taken root and reflect upon the regional characteristics of sense of place. Overall, this review provides empirical insights into the human experience of place in a culturally diverse region marked by historical injustices, inequalities, and instability. These structures have created specific, often ambivalent senses of place, organized around resistance and adaptation. A more nuanced understanding of sense of place, which emphasizes the richness and complexities of people‐place connections, will help avoid oversimplification and idealization in future theories. To frame our analysis, we investigate sense of place from the perspective of humanistic geography. Overlapping with other non‐representational inquiries, the humanistic lens focuses on human‐environment relationships—encompassing experiences, behaviors, ideas, and feelings—to deepen our understanding of the intricate and multifaceted human condition and the essential role of place in human life. Our review shows that sense of place has proven helpful in shedding light on critical Latin American socio‐spatial phenomena such as mobilities, territorialities, and fear. Regionally, researchers center on marginalized and oppressed senses of place framed by longstanding structural inequalities stemming from a colonial legacy, capitalism, and neoliberalism. We highlight “geographies of terror,” “diabolic places,” and “necroplaces” as powerful categories that address the grim reality in the region.
Development of the World Federation of Hemophilia Shared Decision‐Making Tool
Authors: Coffin Donna , Skinner Mark W. , Thornburg Courtney D. , Hayes Brendan K. , Sannié Thomas , Kaeser Gwendolyn E. , Chadwick Julia , Naccache Mayss , Pierce Glenn F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe use of shared decision‐making (SDM) in clinical settings is becoming more prevalent. The evolving and increasingly complex treatment landscape of haemophilia management has augmented the need and desire for SDM between patients and their healthcare team. SDM tools have been used in other chronic conditions and can be an effective form of education for patients and clinicians.AimThe World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) partnered with people with haemophilia (PWH), patient advocacy groups, and healthcare practitioners to form an expert working group to develop an educational tool for PWH and their caregivers. The primary objectives included educating PWH on the available prophylactic treatments and facilitating discussion between PWH and their healthcare team.MethodsThe tool was proposed and developed by the expert working group, workshopped at conference round tables, and evaluated in two focus groups.ResultsThe interactive WFH SDM Tool guides users through the SDM treatment journey and provides an opportunity for reflection on current disease impact and treatment preferences, educational fact sheets and videos, and a comparison between treatment classes. Two forms of the SDM Tool are available: an online platform with a summary page that may be printed and shared and a printable workbook. All evidence in the tool is based on the prescribing information or phase III clinical trial publications. The Tool will be updated twice each year.ConclusionThe WFH SDM Tool is the first available resource that translates published guidance on SDM in haemophilia into a practical, user‐friendly tool aimed at facilitating patient‐centred treatment decisions.
Evaluating the benefits of emicizumab prophylaxis for haemophilia A with inhibitors: A cost‐effectiveness and budget impact analysis in Thailand's upper‐middle income setting
Authors: Kengkla Kirati , Wilairat Preyanate , Natesirinilkul Rungrote , Sosothikul Darintr , Phisalprapa Pochamana , Saokaew Surasak 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn Thailand, an upper‐middle‐income country, managing haemophilia A (HA) with inhibitors poses significant challenges, often necessitating bypassing agents (BPAs) for bleeding control. This study evaluates the cost‐effectiveness and budget impact of emicizumab, a novel prophylactic agent, as an alternative to both episodic and prophylactic BPA treatments from a societal perspective.MethodsA Markov model was employed to estimate the lifetime societal costs and outcomes of emicizumab prophylaxis for HA patients with inhibitors. Treatment efficacy, cost, and epidemiological data were obtained through a comprehensive literature review and incorporated into the model. A 5‐year budget impact analysis complemented the cost‐utility analysis, with a 3% annual discount rate applied to future costs and outcomes.ResultsIn the base‐case scenario, emicizumab prophylaxis in HA patients aged 2 years and above demonstrated superior cost‐effectiveness, yielding 18.1 quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) per patient over a lifetime and resulting in cost savings of 138 million Thai Baht (THB) compared to BPA prophylaxis. Compared to episodic BPA treatment, emicizumab yielded 30.5 QALYs and saved 25 million THB per patient. The 5‐year budget impact was projected at 1775 million THB.ConclusionsEmicizumab offers a cost‐saving approach for HA treatment with inhibitors in Thailand, promising significant health benefits and budgetary savings. This supports its potential inclusion in Thailand's National List of Essential Medicines to enhance haemophilia care access.Highlights
Managing haemophilia A (HA) with inhibitors in Thailand, an upper‐middle‐income country, faces challenges due to limited access to effective treatments or newer drugs for bleeding management.
Emicizumab prophylaxis found to as a cost‐effective and viable alternative to traditional treatments, effectively preventing bleeding in Thai HA patients over 2 years old with inhibitors.
Demonstrating improved clinical outcomes and reduced costs, emicizumab prophylaxis outperforms episodic BPA treatments, positioning it as a superior treatment option for HA patients with inhibitors in Thailand.
Examining trends in the incidence of HIV infection among people with a history of drug use to inform an outbreak investigation and response: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Trayner Kirsten M. A. , Palmateer Norah E. , McAuley Andrew , Yeung Alan , Cullen Beth L. , Wallace Lesley A. , Roy Kirsty , Metcalfe Rebecca , Peters Erica , Craik Julie , Carter Daniel , Campbell John , Ritchie Trina , Shepherd Samantha J. , Gunson Rory N. , Hutchinson Sharon J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn the context of an outbreak of HIV among people who inject drugs in Glasgow, Scotland, identified in 2015, our objectives were to: (1) develop epidemiological methods to estimate HIV incidence using data linkage, and (2) examine temporal changes in HIV incidence to inform public health responses.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study involving data linkage of laboratory HIV testing data to identify individuals with a history of drug use. Person‐years (PY) and Poisson regression were used to estimate incidence by time period (pre‐outbreak: 2000–2010 and 2011–2013; early outbreak: 2014–2016; ongoing outbreak: 2017–2019).ResultsAmong 13 484 individuals tested for HIV, 144 incident HIV infections were observed from 2000 to 2019. Incidence rates increased from pre‐outbreak periods (1.00/1000 PY (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.60–1.65) in 2000–2010 and 1.70/1000 PY (95% CI: 1.14–2.54) in 2011–2013) to 3.02/1000 PY (95% CI: 2.36–3.86) early outbreak (2014–2016) and 2.35 (95% CI 1.74–3.18) during the ongoing outbreak period (2017–2019). Compared with the pre‐outbreak period (2000–2010), the incidence rates were significantly elevated during both the early outbreak (2014–16) (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.62–5.09, p < 0.001) and the ongoing outbreak periods (2017–19) (aIRR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.16–3.90, p = 0.015).ConclusionsPublic health responses helped to curb the rising incidence of HIV infection among people with a history of drug use in Glasgow, but further efforts are needed to reduce it to levels observed prior to the outbreak. Data linkage of routine diagnostic test data to assess and monitor incidence of HIV infection provided enhanced surveillance, which is important to inform outbreak investigations and guide national strategies on elimination of HIV transmission.
Infection risk with JAK inhibitors in dermatoses: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Ireland Patrick A. , Verheyden Matthew , Jansson Nicholas , Sebaratnam Deshan , Sullivan John 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEvolving evidence suggests that Janus Kinase Inhibitors (JAKi) may predispose to certain infections, including tuberculosis and human herpes viruses. This review aimed to compare the infection risk in patients on a systemic JAKi for a dermatologic indication to a placebo. A systematic review was carried out from inception to June 2023, using the EMBASE, Medline, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library of Registered Trials databases. Eligible studies included placebo‐controlled randomized trials that investigated the incidence of infection in patients with a dermatologic indication. Primary outcomes included the most commonly reported infections pertaining to serious and opportunistic infections, upper respiratory tract infections, nasopharyngitis, herpes simplex, varicella zoster, tuberculosis, neutropenia, and lymphopenia. A meta‐analysis of incidence ratios was conducted to determine odds ratios (OR), with a 95% confidence interval (CI) analysis. The meta‐analysis found no increased risk of serious (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.61–1.43, P = 0.74) or opportunistic infections (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.32–1.31, P = 0.23). The incidence of varicella‐zoster infections was significantly higher in the JAKi cohort (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.08–2.72, P = 0.022). From 25 studies, there was no overall increased risk of herpes simplex infections (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 0.93–2.23, P = 0.102) to placebo; however, a significantly higher risk in those with atopic dermatitis to alopecia areata was demonstrated (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.13–2.69, P = 0.013). The results of this analysis do not suggest an increased risk of serious and opportunistic infections in those on JAKi compared to placebo. However, they support an increased risk of varicella‐zoster infections and a higher risk of herpes simplex infections in those with atopic dermatitis to alopecia areata. The results of this report support these agents' short‐term safety but signal that vigilance should be practiced in patients at risk for serious or recurrent herpes virus infections.
3D reconstruction and morphological characterisation of single wheat grains by X‐ray μCT
Authors: Zhou Ying , Wang Xiaoliang , Shi Yaping , Ding Haiyang , Hui Yanbo , Gao Ju , Bai Luyao , Wang Qiao 
Published: October 2024

SummaryThe intricate task of achieving three‐dimensional (3D) visual reconstruction of wheat kernels represents a notable challenge within the domain of digital grain analysis, playing a pivotal role in the realms of grain storage, processing, and breeding. However, existing investigations focused on individual kernels predominantly encompass dimensions such as length, width, height, and epidermal texture features, with a tendency to be invasive to the internal organisational structure of the kernel. Non‐local mean filtering algorithm is proposed to segment various tissues, and the 2D grey scale images are extracted from X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (μCT) to reconstruct a meticulous 3D visualisation model of individual wheat grains. Furthermore, building upon this foundation, an exhaustive assessment of morphological and structural parameters pertaining to each facet of the internal organisation of the wheat seed grain is conducted. Notably, these calculated parameters align with data generated by prior researchers，with 80% of the volume of the endosperm, 12% of the pericarp, about 2% of the endosperm and scutellum, and 4% of the pores. The established parameters and resultant 3D visual models serve as foundational components for subsequent in‐depth examinations into various physicochemical properties, including quality characteristics, heat, and mass transfer attributes, as well as variations in its morphological structure during breeding, which are pertinent to individual grains. This research contributes valuable insights and methodologies that can propel the advancement of studies in wheat kernel analysis.
Using IMGT unique numbering for IG allotypes and Fc‐engineered variants of effector properties and half‐life of therapeutic antibodies
Authors: Lefranc Marie‐Paule , Lefranc Gérard 
Published: October 2024

SummaryTherapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are usually of the IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 classes, and their heavy chains may be modified by amino acid (aa) changes involved in antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody‐dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and/or half‐life. Allotypes and Fc‐engineered variants are classified using IMGT/HGNC gene nomenclature (e.g., Homo sapiens IGHG1). Allotype names follow the WHO/IMGT nomenclature. IMGT‐engineered variant names use the IMGT nomenclature (e.g., Homsap G1v1), which comprises species and gene name (both abbreviated) followed by the letter v (for variant) and a number. Both allotypes and engineered variants are defined by their aa changes and positions, based on the IMGT unique numbering for C domain, identified in sequence motifs, referred to as IMGT topological motifs, as their limits and length are standardized and correspond to a structural feature (e.g., strand or loop). One hundred twenty‐six variants are displayed with their type, IMGT numbering, Eu‐IMGT positions, motifs before and after changes, and their property and function (effector and half‐life). Three motifs characterize effector variants, CH2 1.6–3, 23‐BC‐41, and the FG loop, whereas three different motifs characterize half‐life variants, two on CH2 13‐AB‐18 and 89–96 with H93, and one on CH3 the FG loop with H115.
The effect of organizational silence on the relationship between workplace ostracism and nurses’ procrastination behavior: A structural equation modeling
Authors: El‐Sayed Ahmed Abdelwahab Ibrahim , Ali Mohamed Saad Saleh , Abdel Razek Noura Mohamed Fadl , Abdelaliem Sally Mohammed Farghaly , Asal Maha Gamal Ramadan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThis study aims to assess the relationship between workplace ostracism and the procrastination behavior of nurses, as well as examine the effect of organizational silence on this relationship.BackgroundControlling workplace ostracism and eradicating time wasters, especially procrastination behavior among nurses, are key strategies that add value to organizational effectiveness. In addition, remaining silent about significant issues facing nurses is a devastating approach to the success of both healthcare organizations and the nursing profession.MethodA cross‐sectional descriptive correlational exploratory research design was used to conduct the study. Data were collected from 352 nurses recruited from three large university hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt. Four instruments, namely, the Workplace Ostracism Questionnaire, the Organizational Silence Scale, the Active Procrastination Scale, and the Unintentional Procrastination Scale, were used. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships among the variables.ResultsThe findings demonstrated a significant positive and moderate association between workplace ostracism and both active and passive procrastination behaviors among nurses. Moreover, there was a strong positive and significant correlation between organizational silence and workplace ostracism. The results of mediation revealed that the indirect effect of workplace ostracism on both active and passive procrastination behavior through organizational silence was statistically significant, suggesting that organizational silence partially mediated this relationship.ConclusionThe study highlighted the ongoing challenges posed by toxic workplace issues, such as organizational ostracism and silence, as significant factors contributing to nurses' procrastination behaviors. Not only do these factors directly impact nurses' productivity, but they also interact to exacerbate negative outcomes in nursing care. Addressing these toxic dynamics is critical to improving nurse performance and ensuring quality care in healthcare settings.Implications for nursing and health policyThis study offers new insights for navigating toxicity and upgrading nursing productivity in healthcare organizations through fostering a more inclusive and communicative work environment. Promoting team cohesion and ensuring that all staff members feel valued and included can reduce feelings of isolation that may lead to procrastination. Also, creating safe spaces for nurses to voice concerns without fear of reprisal could significantly diminish passive procrastination, which ultimately enhances overall patient care quality and organizational efficiency.