bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of High‐g Impact on Physical, Electrical, and Optical Characteristics of Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wen Xin , Okraszewski Brandon , Babber Pragun , Cash James , Cain Stephen , Klotzkin David 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPreviously, one of the tools available in automotive or aircraft accident analysis was the examination of the indicator bulbs. Currently, indicator bulbs have been largely replaced by light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Here a series of studies was carried out on impact effects on LEDs to determine whether their properties change after impact, and whether it is related to its working status (lit or unlit). The LEDs were measured before mechanical shock with a series of tests, including current–voltage, current–light, bandwidth, subject to impact ranging from 450 g to 2000 g, and then retested. The tests showed consistent slight but statistically significant increases in forward voltages at a given current after impact, which could be used to estimate the impact. Some LEDS were imaged before and after impact with thermal and X‐ray imaging, but no mechanical changes were seen. It was not possible to determine the LED's working status from these test results.
Is advertising under‐resourced in a growth market? Intangible endogeneity and informed trading issues
Authors: Hodgson Allan , Lhaopadchan Suntharee , Ratiu Raluca 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe examine advertising value relevance when advertising competes against other intangibles for scarce funding in a growth market. Manufacturing firms that strategically increase advertising are rewarded—they provide a direct and indirect Granger lead to stock prices above sales and income. In service firms, stock prices and intangible budgets are independently determined—with increased expenditures beyond established (optimal) levels penalised. Insider trading, conditioned on advertising, extracts 60‐day arbitrage returns of 22.5 percent, consistent with VECM signals. Highlighted is the importance of maintaining optimum intangible budgets, observing cues from informed traders and in identifying analyst following that constrains insider rent extraction.
Corporate social responsibility performance, financial distress and firm life cycle: evidence from Australia
Authors: Al‐Hadi Ahmed , Chatterjee Bikram , Yaftian Ali , Taylor Grantley , Monzur Hasan Mostafa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study examines the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and financial distress and additionally the moderating impact of firm life cycle stages on that association. Based on a sample of 651 publicly listed Australian firm‐years’ data covering the 2007–2013 period, our regression results show that positive CSR activity significantly reduces financial distress of the firm. In addition, the negative association between positive CSR performance and financial distress is more pronounced for firms in mature life cycle stages. Our results are robust to alternative proxy measures of financial distress, CSR performance and life cycle stages.
Functional neuroimaging offers insights into delirium pathophysiology: A systematic review
Authors: Haggstrom Lucy , Welschinger Robert , Caplan Gideon A 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThis systematic review describes the current functional neuroimaging literature in delirium, discusses pathophysiological implications of these results and highlights areas for further study.MethodsIn accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, an extensive search of medical databases was undertaken, identifying eighteen studies of variable quality and design suitable for inclusion.ResultsFunctional neuroimaging has highlighted significant abnormalities during delirium, with disturbances in cerebral haemodynamics and functional connectivity potentially playing a key role in delirium pathophysiology.ConclusionsAlthough employing functional neuroimaging in delirium remains difficult, these findings demonstrate the potential of functional imaging to increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of delirium, to lead to more efficient interventions and targeted therapies and to reduce the burden of this underdiagnosed syndrome.
Rationale and design of a randomized trial to assess the safety and efficacy of MultiPoint Pacing (MPP) in cardiac resynchronization therapy: The MPP Trial
Authors: Tomassoni Gery , Baker James , Corbisiero Raffaele , Love Charles , Martin David , Sheppard Robert , Worley Seth J. , Lee Kwangdeok , Niazi Imran ,   the MPP Investigators
Published: May 2017

BackgroundAlthough the majority of Class III congestive heart failure (HF) patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) show a clinical benefit, up to 40% of patients do not respond to CRT. This paper reports the design of the MultiPoint Pacing (MPP) trial, a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CRT using MPP compared to standard biventricular (Bi‐V) pacing.MethodsA maximum of 506 patients with a standard CRT‐D indication will be enrolled at up to 50 US centers. All patients will be implanted with a CRT‐D system (Quartet LV lead Model 1458Q with a Quadra CRT‐D, Abbott) that can deliver both MPP and Bi‐V pacing. Standard Bi‐V pacing will be activated at implant. At 3 months postimplant, patients in whom the echocardiographic parameters during MPP are equal or better than during Bi‐V pacing are randomized (1:1) to either an MPP or Bi‐V arm.ResultsThe primary safety endpoint is freedom from system‐related complications at 9 months. Each patient's response to CRT will be evaluated using a heart‐failure clinical composite score, consisting of a change in NYHA functional class, patient global assessment score, HF events, and cardiovascular death. The primary efficacy endpoint is the proportion of responders in the MPP arm compared with the Bi‐V arm between 3 and 9 months.ConclusionThis trial seeks to evaluate whether MPP via a single quadripolar LV lead improves hemodynamic and clinical responses to CRT, both in clinical responders and nonresponders.
Extending the seductive allure of neuroscience explanations effect to popular articles about educational topics
Authors: Im Soo‐hyun , Varma Keisha , Varma Sashank 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe seductive allure of neuroscience explanations (SANE) is the finding that people overweight psychological arguments when framed in terms of neuroscience findings.AimThis study extended this finding to arguments concerning the application of psychological findings to educational topics.SampleParticipants (n = 320) were recruited from the general public, specifically among English‐speaking Amazon Mechanical Turk workers residing in the United States.MethodsWe developed eight articles that orthogonally varied two processes (learning vs. development) with two disciplines (cognitive vs. affective psychology). We increased neuroscience framing across four levels: psychological finding alone, with an extraneous neuroscience finding (verbal), with an extraneous neuroscience finding (verbal) and graph, and with an extraneous neuroscience finding (verbal) and brain image. Participants were randomly assigned to one level of neuroscience framing and rated the credibility of each article's argument.ResultsSeductive allure of neuroscience explanations effects were not ubiquitous. Extraneous verbal neuroscience framings, either alone or accompanied by graphs, did not influence the credibility of the application of psychological findings to educational topics. However, there was a SANE effect when educational articles were accompanied by both extraneous verbal neuroscience findings and brain images. This effect persisted even after controlling for individual differences in familiarity with education, attitude towards psychology, and knowledge of neuroscience.ConclusionThe results suggest that there is a SANE effect for articles about educational topics among the general public when they are accompanied by both extraneous verbal neuroscience findings and brain images.
Defective α2antiplasmin cross‐linking and thrombus stability in a case of acquired factor XIII deficiency
Authors: Mitchell Joanne L. , Wright Sonja , Kazi Sajida , Watson Henry G. , Mutch Nicola J. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryAcquired factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency is a rare and life‐threatening condition that is often misdiagnosed or missed completely. A 72‐year‐old woman presented with symptoms of major unprovoked bleeding but routine coagulation screening tests and platelet count were normal. Low activated FXIII (FXIIIa) activity levels and abnormal urea clot stability led to diagnosis of acquired FXIII deficiency. A modified Bethesda inhibitor titre of 1.6 Bethesda units/ml indicated the presence of a FXIII inhibitor. Bleeding responded to a single dose of FXIII concentrate and immunosuppression with prednisolone induced remission. A subsequent relapse was treated with combined prednisolone and Rituximab resulting in a prolonged, ongoing remission. Here we analyse the mechanisms underlying this idiopathic case of acquired FXIII deficiency. Prospective analysis of patient plasma revealed minimal FXIIIa activity and antigen in presentation and relapse samples. Thrombi formed from these samples lysed rapidly and showed an absence of cross‐linked α2AP. Western blotting revealed the presence of FXIII‐B, indicating only FXIII‐A and FXIII‐A2B2 were affected. FXIII activity and antigen levels normalised on remission. Our data suggest the presence of inhibitor‐induced clearance of FXIII from plasma. As a consequence, reduced thrombus stability was evident due to defective α2AP cross‐linking, thereby explaining symptoms of excessive bleeding.
When Industrial Democracy Meets Corporate Social Responsibility — A Comparison of the Bangladesh Accord and Alliance as Responses to the Rana Plaza Disaster
Authors: Donaghey Jimmy , Reinecke Juliane 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Industrial Democracy are two paradigmatic approaches to transnational labour governance. They differ considerably with regard to the role accorded to the representation of labour. CSR tends to view workers as passive recipients of corporate‐led initiatives, with little attention paid to the role of unions. Industrial Democracy centres on labour involvement: those affected by governance need to be part of it. Examining the Bangladesh Accord and Alliance as governance responses to the 2013 Rana Plaza disaster, this article offers a comparative perspective of how Industrial Democracy‐oriented and CSR‐oriented initiatives translate into differences in implementation. The article highlights that while CSR can foster effective problem‐solving in the short run, Industrial Democracy is necessary to build governance capacities involving workers in the long run.
Pharmacological interventions in the Wnt pathway: inhibition of Wnt secretion versus disrupting the protein–protein interfaces of nuclear factors
Authors: Zimmerli Dario , Hausmann George , Cantù Claudio , Basler Konrad 
Published: May 2017

Mutations in components of the Wnt pathways are a frequent cause of many human diseases, particularly cancer. Despite the fact that a causative link between aberrant Wnt signalling and many types of human cancers was established more than a decade ago, no Wnt signalling inhibitors have made it into the clinic so far. One reason for this is that no pathway‐specific kinase is known. Additionally, targeting the protein–protein interactions needed to transduce the signal has not met with success so far. Complicating the search for and use of inhibitors is the complexity of the cascades triggered by the Wnts and their paramount biological importance. Wnt/β‐catenin signalling is involved in virtually all aspects of embryonic development and in the control of the homeostasis of adult tissues. Encouragingly, however, in recent years, first successes with Wnt‐pathway inhibitors have been reported in mouse models of disease. In this review, we summarize possible roads to follow during the quest to pharmacologically modulate the Wnt signalling pathway in cancer.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc
Black Students and High School Completion in Quebec and Ontario: A Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Livingstone Anne‐Marie , Weinfeld Morton 
Published: May 2017

The paper contributes to the literature on black students and racial disparities in high school completion in Canada and makes original use of the 2006 Census to analyze the educational attainment of 18‐ to 19‐year‐olds in Ontario and Quebec. Results of a logistic regression indicate that in both provinces, black/white disparities in graduation rates disappear when income, family structure, language, gender, and place of residence are taken into account. Higher rates of socioeconomic disadvantage among black children pose challenges for high school completion. These findings do not imply that racism has no impact; indeed, the paper concludes that high school completion may not be the outcome most suitable for evaluating the effects of racism on educational attainment. Future studies should examine the causes of racial disparities in intermediate outcomes of school success (i.e., grades, special education placement, academic tracking, and disciplinary sanctions), and their effects on the graduation rates and postsecondary pathways of black students.Cet article contribue à la littérature portant sur les élèves noirs et les inégalités raciales au niveau de l'obtention d'un diplôme secondaire des 18–19 ans en Ontario et au Québec. Les résultats d'une régression logistique démontrent que, dans les deux provinces, les inégalités entre les noirs et les blancs au niveau du taux de diplomation disparaissent lorsque le revenu, la structure familiale, la langue, le sexe et le statut d'immigration sont pris en considération. Des taux plus élevés de désavantage économique chez les enfants noirs constituent un obstacle pour l'obtention d'un diplôme d’études secondaires. De plus, l'utilisation de la diplomation afin d’évaluer la présence de racisme dans les écoles peut s'avérer un critère faible. Il est possible que la présence de racisme s'avère détectable uniquement lors de l'utilisation d'indicateurs mesurant de façon plus précise l'expérience dans les écoles ainsi que le cheminement à long terme des étudiants noirs, tels que le taux d'inscription et la performance au niveau de l’éducation postsecondaire.
Policing “Domestic Disturbances” in Small Towns and Rural Communities: Implications for Officer and Victim Safety
Authors: Huey Laura , Ricciardelli Rose 
Published: May 2017

Drawing on Canadian police data on homicide involving domestic dispute calls from 1960 to the present (n = 20), as well as on in‐depth interviews with police officers (n = 33) working in rural and remote communities, the authors reexamine the argument that police attendance at domestic disturbance calls can pose a special threat to officer safety. Although some scholarship suggests that purported risks have been overstated, the authors argue that location may be a critical factor in reducing or heightening not only risks to officers, but also to victims. Although intended as an exploratory work, situated within the context of cultural support for domestic violence in rural communities, the authors raise both interesting policy implications, as well as potential avenues for future research.En partant de données de la police canadienne sur les homicides impliquant des disputes familiales de 1960 à nos jours (n = 20), ainsi que sur des entrevues en profondeur avec des agents policiers (n = 33) travaillant dans des régions rurales et des communautés éloignées, les auteurs ré‐examinent l'argument voulant que les interventions policières lors d'appels liés à des problèmes domestiques posent un risque spécial pour les agents policiers. Même si certains spécialistes suggèrent que ces risques sont exagérés, les auteurs affirment que le lieu pourrait être un facteur important par rapport au niveau de risque pour les agents policiers, ainsi que les victimes. Même s'il s'agit d'une recherche exploratoire, se situant dans le contexte du soutient culturel de la violence domestique dans les communautés rurales, les auteurs s'intéressent à la fois aux implications en termes de gestion et aux directions possibles en termes de recherches futures.
Treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis: past, present and future
Authors: Lanthier Nicolas , Stärkel Peter 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlcoholic hepatitis (AH) manifests as a clinical syndrome characterized by recent jaundice and liver function deterioration in an actively drinking patient. The principal cause of AH is alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) defined histologically by the coexistence of steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning and satellitosis. While nonsevere AH usually responds to alcohol abstinence, severe AH, identified by Maddrey scoring ≥ 32, has a bad prognosis and is traditionally treated by a 28‐day course of prednisone therapy. A recent trial, which showed no improvement of long‐term survival but significant reduced mortality after 28 days of corticoid therapy compared to placebo, opens a debate on its efficacy. N‐acetyl‐cysteine supplementation combined with steroid therapy is also able to reduce the 28‐day mortality compared to steroid alone. While guidelines recommend high‐calorie intake and protein supplementation in decompensated liver diseases, intensive enteral nutrition together with corticoid treatment does not reduce mortality compared to corticoid alone in a recent study with ASH patients. Stimulation of liver regeneration through interleukin‐22, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor or farnesoid X receptor agonists, inhibition of apoptosis, early liver transplantation and modulation of gut microbiota through antibiotic or faecal transplantation approaches constitute new therapeutic perspectives that are investigated in current clinical trials. Inhibition of oxidative stress, modulation of gut fungal populations and stimulation of progenitor cell proliferation and pro‐regenerative inflammatory pathways constitute prospects for future human trials. For long‐term survival, strategies for persistent alcohol abstinence remain the key of success, opening another large research field.
Hegel on Kant's Analytic–Synthetic Distinction
Authors: Werner Andrew 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this paper, I argue, first, that Hegel defended a version of the analytic/synthetic distinction—that, indeed, his version of the distinction deserves to be called Kantian. For both Kant and Hegel, the analytic/synthetic distinction can be explained in terms of the discursive character of cognition: insofar as our cognition is discursive, its most basic form can be articulated in terms of a genus/species tree. The structure of that tree elucidates the distinction between analytic and synthetic judgments. Second, I argue that Hegel has an interesting and so far unexplored argumentforthe analytic/synthetic distinction: Hegel argues that the systematic relationship between concepts expressed in a genus/species tree can only be expressed through synthetic judgments. Third and finally, I explore some of the implications that the arguments in the first two parts of the essay have for understanding the way in which Hegel differs from Kant. I argue that Hegel accepts Kant's point that discursive cognition cannot be used to cognize the absolute. However, Hegel thinks that we can, nevertheless, cognize the absolute. I explore the character of this non‐discursive cognition and argue that we can understand Hegel's glosses on this form of cognition—as simultaneously analytic and synthetic and as having a circular structure—through contrasting it with his account of discursive cognition. As a consequence, I argue that we must give up on attempts to understand ‘the dialectical method’ and ‘speculative cognition’ on the model of discursive cognition.
The complex nature of headland shrub encroachment: The case of Headland Zieria (Zieria prostrata)
Authors: Hunter John Thomas , Hunter Vanessa Hewlett 
Published: May 2017

SummaryHeadland Zieria (Zieria prostrata) is an endangered species restricted to four headlands with a potential population of 1000 individuals. The species also occurs within the endangered ecological community Themeda grassland on sea cliffs and coastal headlands in the New South Wales North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner Bioregions. Shrub encroachment of native species is perceived as a threatening process within these grasslands, and also to the unique species within them, such as Headland Zieria. Suggested management actions for the community and Headland Zieria include the removal of other shrubs by frequent fire or mechanical means. We conducted a survey and correlative analyses to test the validity of these proposed actions. We provide evidence that Headland Zieria is facilitated by a higher density of nearby shrubs which may provide protection from the elements and decrease competition from other understorey species but is eventually out competed by them when the grassland fully transitions to a Banksia shrubland. We suggest that Headland Zieria is an ecotonal specialist that may require an invasion front of shrubs and/or isolated patches. The implementation of fire and/or overstorey shrub removal may be detrimental where populations of Headland Zieria occur. Our study highlights the need to look more closely at interactions before management actions changing vegetation structure and composition are implemented.
Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae): a stored grain pest on olive trees in Sicily
Authors: Buonocore E. , Lo Monaco D. , Russo A. , Aberlenc H. P. , Tropea Garzia G. 
Published: May 2017

In October 2014 samples were collected from olive trees growing in South‐Eastern Sicily (Italy) that were showing wilting symptoms. In the field, clear signs of flagging appeared on young twigs and lateral shoots, and many leaves had fallen to the ground. Initial laboratory examinations of attacked twigs revealed the presence of a large number of adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792). Sampling was repeated during the following 2 years, and while an outbreak of the pest did not occur, continuous damage was observed. In 2016, exclusively using pheromone‐baited traps in olive trees, a large number of adults were captured. The main local climatic parameters were monitored from 2014 to 2016 and compared with the population levels. The incidence of damage and survival of R. dominica in an environment different from its usual one (stored grain) deserves attention, especially considering that climate change could greatly affect pest demographics and put olive trees in this area and further afield at risk of increased damage.