bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fate of the Iliopsoas Muscle in Long-term Follow-up After Open Reduction With a Medial Approach in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. Part 2: Isokinetic Muscle Strength Evaluation
Authors: Yilmaz Serdar , Aksahin Ertugrul , Ersoz Murat , Bicimoglu Ali 
Published: December 2015

Background:
The impact on long-term weakness of hip flexion of complete iliopsoas tenotomy during open reduction of developmental hip dysplasia with a medial approach has not yet been fully clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the isokinetic muscle strength (IMS) of hip flexor and extensor muscles in these patients and also to analyze the effect of spontaneous reattachment of the iliopsoas muscle on IMS measurements.

Methods:
The study included 20 patients. Earlier magnetic resonance imaging examination of all the patients revealed spontaneous reattachment of the iliopsoas in 18 (90%) patients. IMS measurements were performed at 60 and 150 degrees/s. The peak torque, total work (TW), average power (AP), work fatigue, and agonist to antagonist muscle ratio of the operated and nonoperated hips were recorded separately for flexors and extensors. The effect of iliopsoas reattachment on IMS was also evaluated.

Results:
The mean follow-up period was 16.65±2.16 (13 to 20) years. Total work (P=0.013) and average power (P=0.009) of the flexor muscles and work fatigue of the extensor muscles (P=0.030) of the operated hip were significantly decreased when compared with the nonoperated hips at 150 degrees/s. There was no significant difference between the flexor muscles of the operated and nonoperated hips (P<0.05) at 60 degrees/s and extensor muscles (P<0.05) at 150 degrees/s. In addition, patients without reattachment had lower IMS in the operated hips.

Discussion:
Flexor muscle strength was decreased in the operated hip against low resistance in long-term follow-up after iliopsoas tenotomy. This may reflect that hip muscle strength was decreased after prolonged activities such as sports. However, in forceful activities flexor muscle strength was retained due to iliopsoas reattachment. On the basis of this study we thought that spontaneous reattachment of the iliopsoas tendon substantially preserves muscle strength. Nonetheless possible efforts should be made to surgically reattach the psoas tendon to preserve strength of the muscle.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic level IV.
Liposome Bupivacaine for Postsurgical Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Robotically Assisted Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Balkhy Husam H. , Arnsdorf Susan , Krienbring Dorothy , Urban John 
Published: December 2015

Objective Despite the advantages of robotically assisted cardiac surgery over conventional open sternotomy, robotically assisted surgery may be associated with substantial postsurgical pain arising from multiple incisions and access ports. This single-site, retrospective chart review evaluated the impact of liposome bupivacaine compared with bupivacaine HCl on postsurgical pain management in patients undergoing robotically assisted endoscopic cardiac surgery. Methods Sequential patient cohorts undergoing robotically assisted cardiac surgery received either 0.25% bupivacaine HCl (100 mg in 40 mL, n = 30) or liposome bupivacaine (266 mg in 20 mL, expanded to 40 mL with 0.9% sterile normal saline, n = 30) intraoperatively via equal-volume infiltration across port sites. Outcome measures, collected from the day of surgery through postoperative day 3, were daily and total use of opioid analgesics (converted to morphine equivalents), pain intensity (11-point numeric rating scale), and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Results Median length of hospital stay was 4 days in the liposome bupivacaine group and 3 days in the bupivacaine HCl group. Patients receiving liposome bupivacaine had numerically lower mean pain scores (at six of seven time points), reduced mean opioid consumption, and a reduced incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting compared with those receiving bupivacaine HCl, although none of the differences reached statistical significance. Conclusions Results from this small retrospective, observational study suggest that liposome bupivacaine may improve postsurgical pain relief and reduce postsurgical opioid consumption, in comparison with bupivacaine HCl, in patients undergoing robotically assisted cardiac surgery. Larger prospective studies of liposome bupivacaine in this setting are warranted.
Cognitive and Affective Symptoms Experienced by Cancer Patients Receiving High-Dose Intravenous Interleukin 2 Therapy
Authors: Mann Tara K. , Dail Robin B. , Bailey Donald E. 
Published: December 2015

Background:
Alterations in cognitive/affective functioning are among the most challenging adverse effects experienced by 80% of patients with metastatic melanoma and metastatic renal cell carcinoma undergoing high-dose interleukin 2 (IL-2) therapy.

Objective:
The purpose of this literature review is to describe what is known about IL-2–induced cognitive/affective symptoms, their prevalence, and level of severity and synthesize findings to determine areas for future research to address symptom management challenges. This review describes the IL-2 patient experience and the pathophysiology leading to these changes.

Methods:
An online electronic search using PubMed was performed to identify relevant literature published between 1992 and 2015. Of the original 113 articles, information was extracted from 9 articles regarding cognitive symptoms, affective symptoms, sample size, research design, reliability, and validity.

Results:
Our review suggests that the trajectories, breadth, and depth of cognitive/affective symptoms have yet to be described. Despite intervention studies designed to address the psychosocial complications of IL-2, an understanding of the level of altered cognitive/affective symptoms experienced by IL-2 patients remains unclear.

Conclusion:
Our literature review reveals a lack of standardization when assessing, reporting, and managing cognitive/affective symptoms. Patients/family members have reported cognitive/affective symptoms to be the most alarming and difficult symptoms, yet these symptoms are not adequately screened for, and patients were not informed about potential changes.

Implications for Practice:
Assessing patients for cognitive/affective alterations is important to reduce anxiety while improving outcomes. Education about the illness trajectory (what to expect during/after treatment) can help care partners/patients set realistic shared expectations and increase coping.
High-content screening identifies a role for Na
+
channels in insulin production
Authors: Szabat Marta , Modi Honey , Ramracheya Reshma , Girbinger Vroni , Chan Forson , Lee Jason T. C. , Piske Micah , Kamal Sepehr , Carol Yang Yu Hsuan , Welling Andrea , Rorsman Patrik , Johnson James D. 
Published: December 2015

Insulin production is the central feature of functionally mature and differentiated pancreatic
β
-cells. Reduced insulin transcription and dedifferentiation have been implicated in type 2 diabetes, making drugs that could reverse these processes potentially useful. We have previously established ratiometric live-cell imaging tools to identify factors that increase insulin promoter activity and promote
β
-cell differentiation. Here, we present a single vector imaging tool with eGFP and mRFP, driven by the
Pdx1
and
Ins1
promoters, respectively, targeted to the nucleus to enhance identification of individual cells in a high-throughput manner. Using this new approach, we screened 1120 off-patent drugs for factors that regulate
Ins1
and
Pdx1
promoter activity in MIN6
β
-cells. We identified a number of compounds that positively modulate
Ins1
promoter activity, including several drugs known to modulate ion channels. Carbamazepine was selected for extended follow-up, as our previous screen also identified this use-dependent sodium channel inhibitor as a positive modulator of
β
-cell survival. Indeed, carbamazepine increased
Ins1
and
Ins2
mRNA in primary mouse islets at lower doses than were required to protect
β
-cells. We validated the role of sodium channels in insulin production by examining Nav1.7 (
Scn9a
) knockout mice and remarkably islets from these animals had dramatically elevated insulin content relative to wild-type controls. Collectively, our experiments provide a starting point for additional studies aimed to identify drugs and molecular pathways that control insulin production and
β
-cell differentiation status. In particular, our unbiased screen identified a novel role for a
β
-cell sodium channel gene in insulin production.
A conserved abundant cytoplasmic long noncoding RNA modulates repression by Pumilio proteins in human cells
Authors: Tichon Ailone , Gil Noa , Lubelsky Yoav , Havkin Solomon Tal , Lemze Doron , Itzkovitz Shalev , Stern-Ginossar Noam , Ulitsky Igor 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThousands of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) genes are encoded in the human genome, and hundreds of them are evolutionary conserved, but their functions and modes of action remain largely obscure. Particularly enigmatic lncRNAs are those that are exported to the cytoplasm, including NORAD – an abundant and highly conserved cytoplasmic lncRNA. Most of the sequence of NORAD is comprised of repetitive units that together contain at least 17 functional binding sites for the two Pumilio homologs in mammals. Through binding to PUM1 and PUM2, NORAD modulates the mRNA levels of their targets, which are enriched for genes involved in chromosome segregation during cell division. Our results suggest that some cytoplasmic lncRNAs function by modulating the activities of RNA binding proteins, an activity which positions them at key junctions of cellular signaling pathways.
TopHat-Recondition: A post-processor for TopHat unmapped reads
Authors: Brueffer Christian , Saal Lao H 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSummary:TopHat is a popular spliced junction mapper for RNA sequencing data, and writes files in the BAM format – the binary version of the Sequence Alignment/Map (SAM) format. BAM is the standard exchange format for aligned sequencing reads, thus correct format implementation is paramount for software interoperability and correct analysis. However, TopHat writes its unmapped reads in a way that is not compatible with other software that implements the SAM/BAM format. We have developed TopHat-Recondition, a post-processor for TopHat unmapped reads that restores read information in the proper format. TopHat-Recondition thus enables downstream software to process the plethora of BAM files written by TopHat.Availability and implementation:TopHat-Recondition is implemented in Python using the Pysam library and is freely available under a 2-clause BSD license on GitHub:https://github.com/cbrueffer/tophat-recondition.Contact:christian.brueffer@med.lu.se,lao.saal@med.lu.se
Empirical evidence for heterozygote advantage in adapting diploid populations ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sellis Diamantis , Kvitek Daniel J. , Dunn Barbara , Sherlock Gavin , Petrov Dmitri A. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTAdaptation in diploids is predicted to proceed via mutations that are at least partially dominant in fitness. Recently we argued that many adaptive mutations might also be commonlyoverdominantin fitness. Natural (directional) selection acting on overdominant mutations should drive them into the population but then, instead of bringing them to fixation, should maintain them as balanced polymorphisms via heterozygote advantage. If true, this would make adaptive evolution in sexual diploids differ drastically from that of haploids. Unfortunately, the validity of this prediction has not yet been tested experimentally. Here we performed 4 replicate evolutionary experiments with diploid yeast populations (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) growing in glucose-limited continuous cultures. We sequenced 24 evolved clones and identified initial adaptive mutations in all four chemostats. The first adaptive mutations in all four chemostats were three CNVs, all of which proved to be overdominant in fitness. The fact that fitness overdominant mutations were always the first step in independent adaptive walks strongly supports the prediction that heterozygote advantage can arise as a common outcome of directional selection in diploids and demonstrates that overdominance of de novo adaptive mutations in diploids is not rare.
Integrating basin modeling with seismic technology and rock physics
Authors: Kawai Wisam Al , Mukerji Tapan 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTWe explore the link between basin modelling and seismic inversion by applying different rock physics models. This study uses the E‐Dragon II data in the Gulf of Mexico. To investigate the impact of different rock physics models on the link between basin modelling and seismic inversion, we first model relationships between seismic velocities and both (1) porosity and (2) effective stress for well‐log data using published rock physics models. Then, we build 1D basin models to predict seismic velocities derived from basin modelling with different rock physics models, in a comparison with average sonic velocities measured in the wells. Finally, we examine how basin modelling outputs can be used to aid seismic inversion by providing constraints for the background low‐frequency model. For this, we run different scenarios of inverting near angle partial stack seismic data into elastic impedances to test the impact of the background model on the quality of the inversion results. The results of the study suggest that the link between basin modelling and seismic technology is a two‐way interaction in terms of potential applications, and the key to refine it is establishing a rock physics models that properly describes changes in seismic signatures reflecting changes in rock properties.
Wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition of seismic data and its application in hydrocarbon detection
Authors: Xue Ya‐juan , Cao Jun‐xing , Tian Ren‐fei , Du Hao‐kun , Yao Yao 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTHow to use cepstrum analysis for reservoir characterization and hydrocarbon detection is an initial question of great interest to exploration seismologists. In this paper, wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition is proposed as a valid technology for enhancing geophysical responses in specific frequency bands, in the same way as traditional spectrum decomposition methods do. The calculation of wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition, which decomposes the original seismic volume into a series of common quefrency volumes, employs a sliding window to move over each seismic trace sample by sample. The key factor in wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition is the selection of the sliding‐window length as it limits the frequency ranges of the common quefrency section. Comparison of the wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition with traditional spectrum decomposition methods, such as short‐time Fourier transform and wavelet transform, is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition and the relation between these two technologies. In hydrocarbon detection, seismic amplitude anomalies are detected using wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition by utilizing the first and second common quefrency sections. This reduces the burden of needing dozens of seismic volumes to represent the response to different mono‐frequency sections in the interpretation of spectrum decomposition in conventional spectrum decomposition methods. The model test and the application of real data acquired from the Sulige gas field in the Ordos Basin, China, confirm the effectiveness of the seismic amplitude anomaly section using wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition for discerning the strong amplitude anomalies at a particular quefrency buried in the broadband seismic response. Wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition provides a new method for measuring the instantaneous cepstrum properties of a reservoir and offers a new field of processing and interpretation of seismic reflection data.
Modified image algorithm to simulate seismic channel waves in 3D tunnel model with rugged free surfaces
Authors: Li Hui , Zhu Peimin , Ji Guangzhong , Zhang Qiang 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe existence of rugged free‐surface three‐dimensional tunnel conditions in the coal seams, caused either by geological or mining processes, will inevitably influence wave propagation characteristics when the seismic waves go through the coal mines. Thus, a modified image algorithm has been developed to account for seismic channel waves propagating through this complicated topography with irregular free surfaces. Moreover, the seismic channel waves commonly exhibit damped and dispersive signatures, which is not only because of their own unique sandwich geometry of rock–coal–rock but also because of the viscoelastic behavior of coal. Considering the complexity of programming in three‐dimensional tunnel models with rugged free surfaces, an optimized vacuum grid search algorithm, enabling to model highly irregular topography and to compute efficiently, is also proposed when using high‐order staggered finite‐difference scheme to simulate seismic channel wave propagations in viscoelastic media. The numerical simulations are implemented to investigate the accuracy and stability of the method and the impact of coal's viscoelastic behavior on seismic channel wave propagation characteristics. The results indicate that the automatic vacuum grid search algorithm can be easily merged into high‐order staggered finite‐difference scheme, which can efficiently be applied to calculate three‐dimensional tunnel models with rugged free surfaces in the viscoelastic media. The simulation also suggests that the occurrence of a three‐dimensional tunnel with free surfaces has a remarkable influence on the seismic channel wave propagation characteristics and elastic energy distribution.
Phylogenetic conservation of freshwater lake habitat preference varies between abundant bacterioplankton phyla
Authors: Schmidt Marian L. , White Jeffrey D. , Denef Vincent J. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryDespite their homogeneous appearance, aquatic systems harbour heterogeneous habitats resulting from nutrient gradients, suspended particulate matter and stratification. Recent reports suggest phylogenetically conserved habitat preferences among bacterioplankton, particularly for particle‐associated (PA) and free‐living (FL) habitats. Here, we show that independent of lake nutrient level and layer, PA and FL abundance‐weighted bacterial community composition (BCC) differed and that inter‐lake BCC varied more for PA than for FL fractions. In low‐nutrient lakes, BCC differences between PA and FL fractions were larger than those between lake layers. The reverse was true for high‐nutrient lakes. Nutrient level affected BCC more in hypolimnia than in epilimnia, likely due to hypolimnetic hypoxia in high‐nutrient lakes. In line with previous reports, we observed within‐phylum operational taxonomic unit (OTU) habitat preference conservation, although not for all phyla, including the phylum with the highest average relative abundance across all habitats (Bacteroidetes). Consistent phylum‐level habitat preferences may indicate that the functional traits that underpin ecological adaptation of freshwater bacteria to lake habitats can be phylogenetically conserved, although the levels of conservation are phylum dependent. Resolving taxa preferences for freshwater habitats sets the stage for identification of traits that underpin habitat specialization and associated functional traits that influence differences in biogeochemical cycling across freshwater lake habitats.
Elucidation of the zinc‐dependent regulation in Amycolatopsis japonicum enabled the identification of the ethylenediamine‐disuccinate ([S,S]‐EDDS) genes
Authors: Spohn Marius , Wohlleben Wolfgang , Stegmann Evi 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe actinomycete Amycolatopsis japonicum produces the complexing agent ethylenediamine‐disuccinate ([S,S]‐EDDS), which is an isomer of the widely industrially applied ethylenediamine‐tetraacetate (EDTA). In contrast to EDTA, [S,S]‐EDDS is readily biodegradable and is therefore an alternative with a favourable environmental profile. Biotechnological production of [S,S]‐EDDS, however, is not currently possible because its biosynthesis is inhibited by low‐micromolar zinc concentrations. Here we illustrate the development of a new strategy for identifying a biosynthetic pathway that is based on the elucidation of transcriptional regulation and the screening for binding sites of the respective regulator that controls the [S,S]‐EDDS biosynthesis genes. To achieve this, we identified the zinc uptake regulator Zur in A. japonicum and showed that it mediates the repression of the zinc uptake system ZnuABCAj. The Zur‐binding motif, recognized by the zinc‐bound Zur protein in the upstream region of znuABCAj, was used to screen the genome, leading to the identification of the aes genes. Transcriptional analysis and shift assays reveal specific zinc‐responsive regulation of the aes genes by Zur, and gene inactivation shows their involvement in [S,S]‐EDDS biosynthesis. Zur‐mediated zinc repression of the [S,S]‐EDDS biosynthesis genes is abolished in a Δzur mutant, which offers now the opportunity to develop a biotechnological process.
Debate on Karen Bakker's Privatizing Water
Authors: Punjabi Bharat 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this IJURR debate, three critical urban scholars (Vinay Gidwani, Alana Boland and Roger Keil) and one water scholar (Farhana Sultana), who have done field research in different parts of the world, discuss and analyze different aspects of Karen Bakker's contributions to the question of water access in urban areas of the global South. Karen Bakker has the final word.
Review of ultrasound appearance in inflammatory breast cancer: A pictorial essay
Authors: Abeywardhana Dilupani Y , Nascimento Vinicius C , Dissanayake Deepthi , Taylor Donna , Metcalf Cecily , Saunders Christobel , Wylie Elizabeth 
Published: December 2015

SummaryInflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare malignancy accounting for 1–2% of breast cancers. It has an aggressive clinical presentation and poor prognosis. The sonographic findings in 41 patients with a clinical diagnosis of IBC and biopsy‐proven breast malignancy are presented in this study. The most common finding was the presence of skin thickening (92%). Multiple small anechoic spaces within the dermis, correlating with the presence of dermal lymphatic invasion by tumour emboli on histopathology were noted in approximately one‐third of cases. Other sonographic findings included single or multiple masses, parenchymal oedema, axillary lymphadenopathy, echogenic foci consistent with microcalcifications and increased vascularity.
CT perfusion in acute stroke calls: A pictorial review and differential diagnoses
Authors: Chiu Albert H , Phillips Timothy J , Phatouros Constantine C , Singh Tejinder P , Hankey Graeme J , Blacker David J , McAuliffe William 
Published: December 2015

SummaryCT perfusion is increasingly utilised in hyperacute stroke to facilitate diagnosis and patient selection for reperfusion therapies. This review article demonstrates eight examples of how CT perfusion can be used to diagnose stroke mimics and small volume infarcts, which can be easily missed on non‐contrast CT, and to suggest the presence of an ischaemic penumbra. Radiologists involved in stroke management must understand the importance of rapid imaging acquisition and be confident in the prospective interpretation of this powerful diagnostic tool as we move into a new era of hyperacute stroke care.