bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Dechlorinating Chemicals for Spent Membrane Cleaning Solutions
Authors: Ko Jiyun , Parker Wayne , Liu Jun 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: The use of dechlorinating chemicals for removal of chlorine from spent membrane cleaning solutions was investigated. Addition of calcium thiosulfate resulted in a decrease in pH at low dosages of calcium thiosulfate, but when higher dosages were used, the pH was not affected. Other dechlorinating agents (sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite, and ascorbic acid) generated smaller pH declines than calcium thiosulfate. The declines in pH were observed after the dechlorination reaction was effectively complete and pH did not appear to influence the rate of dechlorination. The rate of dechlorination in spent cleaning solution was slower than that observed in clean water. Dechlorination with calcium thiosulfate resulted in the lowest half‐life and reaction time. At lower doses (less than 565 mg/L), it was not possible to discriminate between the different dechlorinating agents. The times required for dechlorination were more sensitive to increases in dechlorination chemical dose at lower doses.
'The Country is Greatly Injured': Human-Animal Relationships, Ecology and the Fate of Empire in the Eighteenth Century Mississippi Valley Borderlands
Authors: Morrissey Robert Michael 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
At the end of the Seven Years' War, the British Empire made its most serious effort to establish control over the trans-Appalachian west when it sent soldiers and colonists to the formerly-French settlements of the so-called Illinois Country. Despite this region's abundant resources and the presence of sympathetic Illinois Indians in the area, the British effort failed dismally. This essay explains the weakness of the British in part by examining the special ecology of the tallgrass prairie and one of its most important non-human inhabitants, the bison. Exploring the central (though ignored) place of bison in the lives of the Illinois Indians - the easternmost bison people in North America - I show how the animal was more than just a source of calories; it was the basis of collaborative relationships between the Illinois and colonial newcomers throughout the eighteenth century. In particular, bison trade was the foundation of a strong accommodation between the Illinois and the French regime in the Mississippi Valley beginning in the late seventeenth century and lasting through the Seven Years' War. When the British arrived in the 1760s, various factors combined to deplete the bison herds in the region, which in turn undermined the possibility of close diplomacy between the British and the Native people. Far from a simple story of aggressive newcomers and the commodification of nature, this was a scenario in which policy, ecology and imperial rivalries were all entangled, each affecting the other. This essay thus tells a new story, not just about a key chapter of imperial history in the early West, but also about a little-known bison culture at the very edge of the prairie-woodlands divide.
Glucocorticoid Effect on Radiographic Progression in Placebo Arms of Rheumatoid Arthritis Biologics Trials
Authors: Boers Maarten , Aletaha Daniel , Mela Christopher M. , Baker Daniel G. , Smolen Josef S. 
Published: April 2016

Objective.To assess the effect of glucocorticoids (GC) on damage progression in placebo-biologic arms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) biologics trials.Methods.Posthoc metaanalysis of 2 infliximab (IFX) trials (established and early RA) and 1 tocilizumab (TCZ) trial (established RA).Results.The proportion of patients receiving GC was 38%–64%, baseline damage was 11–82 Sharp/van der Heijde points, and progression in the placebo groups was 0.5–4.8 points in 6 months. In the pooled IFX studies, GC cotreatment reduced 6-month progression by 2.6 points (95% CI 0.6–4.5). In the TCZ study (progression rate 0.5 Genant points), no such difference was seen.Conclusion.GC cotreatment may affect results in RA trials.
Clinical Characteristics of Patients Carrying the Q703K Variant of the NLRP3 Gene: A 10-year Multicentric National Study
Authors: Naselli Aldo , Penco Federica , Cantarini Luca , Insalaco Antonella , Alessio Mariolina , Tommasini Alberto , Maggio Cristina , Obici Laura , Gallizi Romina , Cimmino Marco , Signa Sara , Lucherini Orso Maria , Carta Sonia , Caroli Francesco , Martini Alberto , Rubartelli Anna , Ceccherini Isabella , Gattorno Marco 
Published: April 2016

Objective.The aim of our study was to analyze the clinical and functional effect of the p.Q703K (p. Q705K, c. 2107C>A) variant of the NLRP3 gene in a population of patients screened for suspected cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS).Methods.Since 2002, 580 patients underwent molecular analysis for NLRP3. Data on clinical presentation, response to treatment, and longterm followup were collected using a uniform questionnaire. The pattern of cytokine secretion after lipopolysaccharide stimulation from isolated monocytes was analyzed in 3 patients carrying the p.Q703K variant and 1 patient with a chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular syndrome phenotype carrying both the p.M406I and p.Q703K, and compared with 7 patients with CAPS with sure pathogenic variants and 6 healthy controls.Results.The p.Q703K variant was found in 57 screened patients with an overall allelic frequency of 5%. The frequency in normal controls was 5.5%. Clinical data at the moment of molecular analysis and at followup were available in 36 patients. Two patients displayed additional mutations of NLRP3. The mean followup was 2.5 years. Thirteen patients (39%) had a final diagnosis different from the original suspicion of CAPS. The remaining 21 patients displayed a mild phenotype mainly characterized by recurrent episodes of urticarial rash and arthralgia. Only 8 patients were treated with anti-interleukin (IL)-1 treatment, with a complete response in 5 patients. The pattern of secretion of IL-1β and other cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist) in patients did not display the aberrancies observed in patients with CAPS and was similar to that observed in healthy controls.Conclusion.The present study confirms the weak clinical and functional effect of the p.Q703K variant.
The Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score as a Measure of Disease Activity in Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Kermani Tanaz A. , Cuthbertson David , Carette Simon , Hoffman Gary S. , Khalidi Nader A. , Koening Curry L. , Langford Carol A. , McKinnon-Maksimowicz Kathleen , McAlear Carol A. , Monach Paul A. , Seo Philip , Warrington Kenneth J. , Ytterberg Steven R. , Merkel Peter A. , Matteson Eric L. ,   The Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium
Published: April 2016

Objective.To evaluate the performance of the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) in the assessment of disease activity in giant cell arteritis (GCA).Methods.Patients with GCA enrolled in a prospective, multicenter, longitudinal study with symptoms of active vasculitis during any visit were included. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to explore the association of the BVAS with other measures of disease activity.Results.During a mean (SD) followup of 2.3 (1.6) years, symptoms of active GCA were present in 236 visits in 136 subjects (100 female, 74%). Median (range) BVAS1 (new/worse symptoms) was 1 (0–10) and median (range) BVAS2 (persistent symptoms) was 0 (0–5). Median (range) physician’s global assessment (PGA) was 4 (0–9) for disease activity in the past 28 days and 2 (0–9) for activity on the day of the visit. Important ischemic manifestations of active vasculitis not recorded by the BVAS included tongue/jaw claudication (27%), upper extremity claudication (15%), lower extremity claudication (5%), carotidynia (7%), and ischemic retinopathy (5%). During 25 visits (11%) with active disease, all symptoms of active vasculitis were placed in the “Other” category yet still resulted in a BVAS1 and BVAS2 of 0. BVAS1 moderately correlated with PGA for the past 28 days (Spearman’s correlation 0.50) and physician-rated disease activity for the past 28 days (Spearman’s correlation 0.46).Conclusion.The BVAS has limited utility in GCA. Patients with active GCA can have a BVAS of 0. Many important ischemic symptoms attributable to active vasculitis are not included in the composite score.
Measuring the Rheumatology Workforce in Canada: A Literature Review
Authors: Brophy Julie , Marshall Deborah A. , Badley Elizabeth M. , Hanly John G. , Averns Henry , Ellsworth Janet , Pope Janet E. , Barber Claire E.H. 
Published: April 2016

Objective.The number of rheumatologists per capita has been proposed as a performance measure for arthritis care. This study reviews what is known about the rheumatologist workforce in Canada.Methods.A systematic search was conducted in EMBASE and MEDLINE using the search themes “rheumatology” AND “workforce” AND “Canada” from 2000 until December 2014. Additionally, workforce databases and rheumatology websites were searched. Data were abstracted on the numbers of rheumatologists, demographics, retirement projections, and barriers to healthcare.Results.Twenty-five sources for rheumatology workforce information were found: 6 surveys, 14 databases, 2 patient/provider resources, and 3 epidemiologic studies. Recent estimates say there are 398 to 428 rheumatologists in Canada, but there were limited data on allocation of time to clinical practice. Although the net number of rheumatologists has increased, the mean age was ≥ 47.7 years, and up to one-third are planning to retire in the next decade. There is a clustering of rheumatologists around academic centers, while some provinces/territories have suboptimal ratios of rheumatologists per capita (range 0–1.1). Limited information was found on whether rural areas are receiving adequate services. The most consistent barrier reported by rheumatologists was lack of allied health professionals.Conclusion.In Canada there are regional disparities in access to rheumatologist care and an aging rheumatologist workforce. To address these workforce capacity issues, better data are needed including information on clinical full-time equivalents, delivery of care to remote communities, and use of alternative models of care to increase clinical capacity.
Construire une chaîne de valeur « tourisme durable » sur un territoire : une approche par la Théorie de l’Acteur-Réseau
Authors: Van Der Yeught Corinne 
Published: April 2016

L’objet de cet article est de comprendre comment peuvent être créées des chaînes de valeur « tourisme durable » sur les territoires. La Théorie de l’Acteur-Réseau est mobilisée afin de saisir les différentes étapes par lesquelles ont été établies les connexions entre participants de plusieurs réseaux de tourisme responsable et solidaire en Provence et en Méditerranée. À l’issue d’une analyse multi-sites, un modèle de chaîne de valeur « tourisme durable » est proposé.
Laudato Si’ : événement ecclésial et mondial
Authors: Stenger Marc , Billet Catherine 
Published: April 2016

Depuis Rerum Novarum de Léon XIII, alors que la révolution industrielle engendre la misère ouvrière, les encycliques portent sur les bouleversements économiques, politiques et sociaux de la planète auxquels elle cherche à répondre de façon intemporelle, à la lumière des Écritures. En ce sens, Laudato Si’ , encyclique pour « la sauvegarde de la maison commune » , ne déroge pas mais elle apparaît cependant comme une nouveauté car, pour la première fois, l’avenir de la vie sur terre fait l’objet d’un document majeur de l’Église.	Le pape François inscrit Laudato Si’ dans une forte intuition d’une présence de « l’Église dans le monde de ce temps » . Et s’il s’appuie, comme il se doit, sur ses prédécesseurs, sur la Tradition de l’Église et sur les Écritures en élargissant ses sources aux travaux des Églises locales et à ceux des experts. Il est frappant de constater combien son propos relie ce qui a pu être séparé. La terre et l’homme sont liés et le chrétien est homme parmi les hommes dans une société gouvernée par des lois économiques et politiques. L’enjeu n’est donc plus seulement écologique ou social mais devient un enjeu spirituel.
Éthique du corps épandu
Authors: Falque Emmanuel 
Published: April 2016

Entre le « corps étendu » et le « corps vécu », se tient le « corps épandu » ( Noces de l’agneau ). Encore fallait-il éprouver ce concept au contact de la science, ou mieux de l’expérience. Lorsqu’un philosophe se rend dans une unité de soins palliatifs (CHU-Luynes-Tours), l’ensemble de ses discours viennent à vaciller. On parle ordinairement du « récit » (Ricœur) ou du « visage de l’autre » (Lévinas), mais il n’y voit d’abord que de la matière, ou plutôt du « corps » en mal de survivre et loin de s’abandonner. Et pourtant il s’agit bien là de vivant, et même de « vivant humain et souffrant », au moins dans la manière dont il est visé. Une « éthique du corps épandu » en définit ici le sens a minima – non pas, ou plus, dans l’hypertrophie du sens, mais simplement dans l’être-là auprès de ce « corps alité », qui n’a plus que sa chair pour parler et nous renvoie d’abord à notre propre être incarné.
Role of Prophylactic Antibiotics in the Management of Postoperative Endodontic Pain
Authors: Alsomadi Leena , Habahbeh Riyad Al 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
To investigate the efficacy of using antibiotics in post endodontic treatment as a method to alleviate post-treatment pain.

Materials and methods
After completion of endodontic treatment 129 patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group A (65 patients) received Ibuprofen 400 mg one tablet before procedure and one tablet every 8 hours for the first day, then one tablet once indicated by pain. Group B (64 patients) received the same regimen as group A in addition to amoxicillin, clavulanic acid tablets (one tablet before the procedure, and then one tablet twice daily for a total of 3 days). Intensity of pain at 8 hours interval using visual analog scale (VAS) and total number of Ibuprofen tablets used was recorded by patients.

Results
Peak postoperative pain occurred at 16 hours posttreatment in both groups, there was a significant difference in the pain scale between the two groups in favor for group B over group A (3.8 vs 2.1 respectively). Pain scale was significantly lower in group B at 24, 32, 40, and 48 hours post-treatment with a p-value of < 0.05. The pain scale at 56, 64 and 72 hours were also less in group B, although could not show up as statistical difference. Patients in group A used statistically significant more Ibuprofen than patients in group B (486 vs 402).

Conclusion
Antibiotic prescription to manage post endodontic treatment pain results in less pain with less consumption of Ibuprofens.

Clinical significance
Pain management in endodontics is a real challenge, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are used effectively in many patients to alleviate post endodontic pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may have adverse reactions or may be contraindicated. Short-term use of antibiotics to alleviate pain can be of clinical benefits in these patients.

How to cite this article
Alsomadi L, Al Habahbeh R. Role of Prophylactic Antibiotics in the Management of Postoperative Endodontic Pain. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(12):939-943.
A Comparative Study between the Effect of Combined Local Anesthetic and Low-dose Ketamine with Local Anesthetic on Postoperative Complications after Impacted Third Molar Surgery
Authors: Kale Tejraj Pundalik 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Postoperative pain, swelling and trismus are the most common outcome after third molar surgery. Many methods have been tried to improve postoperative comfort after surgery. Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative that induces a state of dissociative anesthesia. It is a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist and has a distinct suppression effect on central nervous system (CNS) sensitization. Ketamine in a subanesthetic dose is set to produce analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect.

Materials and methods
Sixty patients, between the age group of 18 and 38 years, undergoing the extraction of impacted mandibular third molar, reporting to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery were included in the study.
Patients were divided randomly into two groups: local anesthetic alone (LAA) and local anesthetic and ketamine (LAK).

Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U/unpaired—t-test and Wilcoxon signedrank test.

Result
There was a significant difference in mouth opening in the LAA and LAK group in the immediate postoperative period. There was a significant difference between the two groups after 1 hour (LAA: 2.37; LAK: 1.40), and 4 hours (LAA: 2.37; LAK: 1.40).
There was a significant difference in terms of facial swelling in the immediate postoperative period and day 1 between the LAA and LAK group.

Clinical significance
Use of subanesthetic dose of ketamine is not only safe but also valuable in reducing patient morbidity after third molar surgery.

Conclusion
Combination of a local anesthetic and subanesthetic dose of ketamine during surgical extraction of third molars provides good postoperative analgesia with less swelling and significantly less trismus.

How to cite this article
Kumar A, Kale TP. A Comparative Study between the Effect of Combined Local Anesthetic and Low-dose Ketamine with Local Anesthetic on Postoperative Complications after Impacted Third Molar Surgery. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(12):957-962.
Overview of Clinical Cytogenetics
Authors: Gonzales Patrick R. , Carroll Andrew J. , Korf Bruce R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractChromosome analysis is one of the first approaches to genetic testing and remains a key component of genetic analysis of constitutional and somatic genetic disorders. Numerical or unbalanced structural chromosome abnormalities usually lead to multiple congenital anomalies. Sometimes these are compatible with live birth, usually resulting in severe cognitive and physical handicaps; other times they result in miscarriage or stillbirth. Chromosome rearrangements also occur as somatic changes in malignancies. Identification of constitutional chromosomal anomalies (anomalies present in most or all cells of the body and/or the germline) can provide important information for genetic counseling. In this unit, we introduce chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), which is a relatively recent addition to cytogenetic technologies, and has become the recommended first‐tier testing method for patients with developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism, and/or multiple congenital anomalies. We also discuss non‐invasive prenatal testing/screening (NIPTS), which uses circulating cell‐free fetal DNA (cfDNA) from maternal plasma to rapidly screen for autosomal and sex‐chromosome aneuploidies. Cytogenetic analysis of tumors is helpful in diagnosis and in monitoring the effects of treatment. The protocols in this chapter cover the clinical study of chromosomes in nonmalignant tissues. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Long‐term human primary hepatocyte cultures in a microfluidic liver biochip show maintenance of mRNA levels and higher drug metabolism compared with Petri cultures
Authors: Jellali Rachid , Bricks Thibault , Jacques Sébastien , Fleury Marie‐José , Paullier Patrick , Merlier Franck , Leclerc Eric 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHuman primary hepatocytes were cultivated in a microfluidic bioreactor and in Petri dishes for 13 days. mRNA kinetics in biochips showed an increase in the levels of CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, HNF4a, SULT1A1, UGT1A1 mRNA related genes when compared with post extraction levels. In addition, comparison with Petri dishes showed higher levels of CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2D6 related genes at the end of culture. Functional assays illustrated a higher urea and albumin production over the period of culture in biochips. Bioreactor drug metabolism (midazolam and phenacetin) was not superior to the Petri dish after 2 days of culture. The CYP3A4 midazolam metabolism was maintained in biochips after 13 days of culture, whereas it was almost undetectable in Petri dishes. This led to a 5000‐fold higher value of the metabolic ratio in the biochips. CYP1A2 phenacetin metabolism was found to be higher in biochips after 5, 9 and 13 days of culture. Thus, a 100‐fold higher metabolic ratio of APAP in biochips was measured after 13 days of perfusion. These results demonstrated functional primary human hepatocyte culture in the bioreactor in a long‐term culture. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of RH‐5849 and indoxacarb in rice straw, rice husk, brown rice and soil using liquid chromatography–tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry following extraction with QuEChERS method
Authors: Li Zhurui , Zhao Xiaozhen , Chen Jiaojiao , Wu Yue , Zhang Jing , Zhang Kankan , Hu Deyu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA fast and simple analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of RH‐5849 and indoxacarb in soil, rice straw, rice husk and brown rice. QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method was used for extraction, and liquid chromatography with tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was used for quantification. The matrix‐matched calibration plots were linear in the range between 25 and 5000 μg/L for soil, rice straw, rice husk and brown rice samples. All determination coefficients (R2) were ≥0.9962. The limits of detection and quantification were 1.5 and 5 μg/kg, respectively. Recoveries at three fortification levels ranged between 79.5 and 97.9% with relative standard deviations <11%. The developed method was validated and applied for the analysis of dissipation study samples. For field experiments, the half‐lives of RH‐5849 and indoxacarb in rice straw were 11.93 and 5.83 days, respectively. The method was demonstrated to be reliable for the routine monitoring of RH‐5849 and indoxacarb in rice samples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIMONY‐121 MOESSBAUER STUDIES OF SOME FLUOROANTIMONATES(III)
Authors: BALLARD J. G. , BIRCHALL T. , FOURCADE R. , MASCHERPA G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie 121Sb‐Mößbauer‐Spektren der Verbindungen (I)‐(VI) werden bei 4 K aufgenommen.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMODYNAMIC STUDIES OF HYDROBROMIC ACID IN ACETONE‐WATER MIXTURES (10, 30 AND 50 WT‐*) FROM ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE MEASUREMENTS
Authors: MEKJAVIC I. , TOMINIC I. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie EMK der Kette A werden bei den Temperaturen 15, 25 und 35°C im Molalitätsbereich der HBr von 0,003‐0,1 mol kg" gemessen und aus den daraus erhaltenen Ag/AgBr‐Standardpotentialen die thermodynamischen Standardgrößen der Zellreaktion und der HBr‐ Bildungsreaktion, die mittleren Aktivitätskoeffizienten der HBr, der primäre Mediumeffekt und die thermodynamischen Standardgrößen der Überführung der HBr aus H2O in das Mischlösungsmittel berechnet.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRODEPOSITION OF COBALT USING AN INSOLUBLE ANODE
Authors: LAKSHMINARAYANAN G. R. , CHEN E. S. , SADAK J. C. , SAUTTER F. K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEs wird eine Methode entwickelt, bei der Co unter Verwendung einer unlöslichen Anode (Pt) elektrochemisch abgeschieden werden kann, ohne daß Bildung von Co3"‐Ionen und C0203 an der Anode auftreten.
ChemInform Abstract: DISSOLUTION, PASSIVITY AND ITS BREAKDOWN ON IRON WHISKER CRYSTALS
Authors: HARUYAMA S. , TAKABAYASHI J. , KANEKO M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas anodische Polarisationsverhalten von Fe‐Whiskerkristallen in neutralen Lösungen (H3BO3/Na2B,O‐" H2SO4/Na2SO4) wird in Gegenwart oder unter Ausschluß von C1′ untersucht, wobei der Rolle von Oberflächendefekten bei der Auflösung, der Passivierung und der Grübchenkorrosion besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL CLUSTERS IN CATALYSIS. 7. MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A NOVEL METAL‐METAL BONDED NICKEL COMPLEX
Authors: DAY V. W. , ABDEL‐MEGUID S. S. , DABESTANI S. , THOMAS M. G. , PRETZER W. R. , MUETTERTIES E. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion äquimolarer Mengen Diphenylacetylen mit Bis‐[cyclooctadien‐(1,5)]‐nickel in Pentan bei 20°C liefert den formal elektronenunterschüssigen, zweikernigen Komplex (I).