bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A register-based 13-year to 43-year follow-up of 70 patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder treated with capsulotomy
Authors: Rück Christian , Larsson Johan K , Mataix-Cols David , Ljung Rickard 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesLittle is known about the long-term medical status of patients with severe obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) undergoing capsulotomy, a neurosurgical last-resort treatment. The present study used national registers to identify all operated patients with OCD in Sweden and evaluated their long-term medical status, including mortality, hospital admissions and psychotropic medication after capsulotomy for OCD.DesignRegister-based long-term follow-up cohort study.ParticipantsWe used the procedural and diagnostic codes in the Swedish National Patient Register to define the study population between 1970 and March 2013. Verification by manual review of medical records of the indication for surgery in those identified by the register yielded the final study cohort of 70 patients, followed 13–43 years after surgery. The sensitivity of the case selection method was 86%.Outcome measuresWe studied hospitalisation 5 years before and after surgery. Mortality data were derived from the Causes of Death Register. The Prescribed Drug Register was used to study psychotropic drug utilisation.ResultsBy March 2013, 29 of the 70 patients were deceased. Their mean age at the time of death was 68 years (SD=14). Two patients had committed suicide and one had died of suspected suicide. Seventy per cent had been admitted to a psychiatric ward in the 5 years preceding surgery, and 84% in the first five postoperative years. Seventy-five per cent of those alive in 2012 were prescribed at least two psychotropic medications, often at high doses, the most common being antidepressants.ConclusionsMalignant OCD has a poor long-term prognosis. Patients who are candidates for surgery should be informed that, while OCD symptoms may be ameliorated with surgery, they should not expect long-term freedom from medication and psychiatric care.
Dietary determinants of serum total cholesterol among middle-aged and older adults: a population-based cross-sectional study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Kakarmath Sujay S , Zack Rachel M , Leyna Germana H , Fahimi Saman , Liu Enju , Fawzi Wafaie W , Lukmanji Zohra , Killewo Japhet , Sacks Frank , Danaei Goodarz 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the dietary determinants of serum total cholesterol.DesignCross-sectional population-based study.SettingPeri-urban region of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Participants347 adults aged 40 years and older from the Dar es Salaam Urban Cohort Hypertension Study.Main outcome measureSerum total cholesterol measured using a point-of-care device.ResultsMean serum total cholesterol level was 204 mg/dL (IQR 169–236 mg/dL) in women and 185 mg/dL (IQR 152–216 mg/dL) in men. After adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and dietary factors, participants who reported using palm oil as the major cooking oil had serum total cholesterol higher by 15 mg/dL (95% CI 1 to 29 mg/dL) compared with those who reported using sunflower oil. Consumption of one or more servings of meat per day (p for trend=0.017) and less than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day (p for trend=0.024) were also associated with higher serum total cholesterol. A combination of using palm oil for cooking, eating more than one serving of meat per day and fewer than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day, was associated with 46 mg/dL (95% CI 16 to 76 mg/dL) higher serum total cholesterol.ConclusionsUsing palm oil for cooking was associated with higher serum total cholesterol levels in this peri-urban population in Dar es Salaam. Reduction of saturated fat content of edible oil may be considered as a population-based strategy for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Fungal dysbiosis in cirrhosis
Authors: Bajaj Jasmohan S , Liu Eric J , Kheradman Raffi , Fagan Andrew , Heuman Douglas M , White Melanie , Gavis Edith A , Hylemon Phillip , Sikaroodi Masoumeh , Gillevet Patrick M 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveCirrhotics have a high rate of infections, which are increasingly fungal or culture-negative in nature. While infected cirrhotics have bacterial dysbiosis, the role of fungi is unclear. We aimed to evaluate gut bacterial and fungal dysbiosis in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of outpatient and inpatient cirrhotics and prediction of hospitalisations.MethodsCross-sectional: Age-matched controls, outpatients (with/without antibiotics) and hospitalised uninfected, culture-negative and culture-positive cirrhotics were included and followed for 90 days. Longitudinal: Three studies were conducted: (1) cirrhotics followed over 6 months, (2) outpatient cirrhotics administered antibiotics per standard of care for 5 days and (3) cirrhotics and controls administered omeprazole over 14 days. In all studies, stool bacterial/fungal profiles were analysed.ResultsCross-sectional: In 143 cirrhotics and 26 controls, bacterial and fungal diversities were significantly linked. Outpatients on antibiotics and patients with culture-positive infections had the lowest diversities. Bacterial and fungal correlations were complex in uninfected, outpatient and control groups but were markedly skewed in infected patients. 21% were admitted on 90-day follow-up. A lower Bacteroidetes/Ascomycota ratio was associated with lower hospitalisations. Longitudinal: Fungal and bacterial profiles were stable on follow-up (5 days and 6 months). After antibiotics, a significantly reduced bacterial and fungal diversity, higher Candida and lower autochthonous bacterial relative abundance were seen. After omeprazole, changes in bacterial diversity and composition were seen but fungal metrics remained stable.ConclusionThere is a significant fungal dysbiosis in cirrhosis, which changes differentially with antibiotics and proton pump inhibitor use, but is otherwise stable over time. A combined bacterial–fungal dysbiosis metric, Bacteroidetes/Ascomycota ratio, can independently predict 90-day hospitalisations in patients with cirrhosis.Clinical trial numberNCT01458990.
Dynamics of human subthalamic neuron phase-locking to motor and sensory cortical oscillations during movement
Authors: Lipski Witold J. , Wozny Thomas A. , Alhourani Ahmad , Kondylis Efstathios D. , Turner Robert S. , Crammond Donald J. , Richardson Robert Mark 
Published: June 2017

Coupled oscillatory activity recorded between sensorimotor regions of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop is thought to reflect information transfer relevant to movement. A neuronal firing-rate model of basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry, however, has dominated thinking about basal ganglia function for the past three decades, without knowledge of the relationship between basal ganglia single neuron firing and cortical population activity during movement itself. We recorded activity from 34 subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons, simultaneously with cortical local field potentials and motor output, in 11 subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) undergoing awake deep brain stimulator lead placement. STN firing demonstrated phase synchronization to both low- and high-beta-frequency cortical oscillations, and to the amplitude envelope of gamma oscillations, in motor cortex. We found that during movement, the magnitude of this synchronization was dynamically modulated in a phase-frequency-specific manner. Importantly, we found that phase synchronization was not correlated with changes in neuronal firing rate. Furthermore, we found that these relationships were not exclusive to motor cortex, because STN firing also demonstrated phase synchronization to both premotor and sensory cortex. The data indicate that models of basal ganglia function ultimately will need to account for the activity of populations of STN neurons that are bound in distinct functional networks with both motor and sensory cortices and code for movement parameters independent of changes in firing rate. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Current models of basal ganglia-thalamocortical networks do not adequately explain simple motor functions, let alone dysfunction in movement disorders. Our findings provide data that inform models of human basal ganglia function by demonstrating how movement is encoded by networks of subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons via dynamic phase synchronization with cortex. The data also demonstrate, for the first time in humans, a mechanism through which the premotor and sensory cortices are functionally connected to the STN.
A Next-Generation TRK Kinase Inhibitor Overcomes Acquired Resistance to Prior TRK Kinase Inhibition in Patients with TRK Fusion–Positive Solid Tumors
Authors: Drilon Alexander , Nagasubramanian Ramamoorthy , Blake James F. , Ku Nora , Tuch Brian B. , Ebata Kevin , Smith Steve , Lauriault Veronique , Kolakowski Gabrielle R. , Brandhuber Barbara J. , Larsen Paul D. , Bouhana Karyn S. , Winski Shannon L. , Hamor Robyn , Wu Wen-I , Parker Andrew , Morales Tony H. , Sullivan Francis X. , DeWolf Walter E. , Wollenberg Lance A. , Gordon Paul R. , Douglas-Lindsay Dorothea N. , Scaltriti Maurizio , Benayed Ryma , Raj Sandeep , Hanusch Bethany , Schram Alison M. , Jonsson Philip , Berger Michael F. , Hechtman Jaclyn F. , Taylor Barry S. , Andrews Steve , Rothenberg S. Michael , Hyman David M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Larotrectinib, a selective TRK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has demonstrated histology-agnostic efficacy in patients with TRK fusion–positive cancers. Although responses to TRK inhibition can be dramatic and durable, duration of response may eventually be limited by acquired resistance. LOXO-195 is a selective TRK TKI designed to overcome acquired resistance mediated by recurrent kinase domain (solvent front and xDFG) mutations identified in multiple patients who have developed resistance to TRK TKIs. Activity against these acquired mutations was confirmed in enzyme and cell-based assays and in vivo tumor models. As clinical proof of concept, the first 2 patients with TRK fusion–positive cancers who developed acquired resistance mutations on larotrectinib were treated with LOXO-195 on a first-in-human basis, utilizing rapid dose titration guided by pharmacokinetic assessments. This approach led to rapid tumor responses and extended the overall duration of disease control achieved with TRK inhibition in both patients.
Significance: LOXO-195 abrogated resistance in TRK fusion–positive cancers that acquired kinase domain mutations, a shared liability with all existing TRK TKIs. This establishes a role for sequential treatment by demonstrating continued TRK dependence and validates a paradigm for the accelerated development of next-generation inhibitors against validated oncogenic targets. Cancer Discov; 7(9); 963–72. ©2017 AACR.
See related commentary by Parikh and Corcoran, p. 934.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 920
Aspidistra letreae (Asparagaceae), a new species from central Vietnam
Authors: AVERYANOV LEONID V. , TILLICH HANS-JUERGEN , LE TUAN ANH , PHAM VAN THE , MAISAK TATIANA V. , VU TIEN CHINH 
Published: June 2017

Since last account of the genus Aspidistra Ker Gawler (1822: 628) in Vietnam reported 43 species (Tillich 2014), at least 25 additional species were discovered and described in this country (Averyanov & Tillich 2014, 2015, 2016, Vislobokov et al. 2014a, 2014b, 2016, Leong-Skornickova et al. 2014, Olivier 2015, Ly & Tilllich 2015, Vislobokov 2015, 2016, Averyanov et al. 2016). Meanwhile, the diversity of the genus in Vietnam and allied countries remains insufficiently inventoried. One more new species of Aspidistra, named here as A. letreae was discovered recently in central Vietnam. This species is described and illustrated with data on its ecology, phenology, tentative relations, distribution and expected conservation status. The new species somewhat resembles Aspidistra truongii Averyanov & Tillich (2013: 108), A. obtusata Vislobokov (2016: 694) and Aspidistra zhangii Averyanov, Tillich & Nguyen in Averyanov et al. (2016: 62), but differs clearly by a series of morphological features noted below.
Evaluating the occurrence and conservation statuses of Sri Lankan Orchids (Orchidaceae): Observations on newly recorded species and undocumented regions
Authors: ARIYARATHNE W.A.M.P. , YAKANDAWALA DEEPTHI , SAMUEL ROSABELLE , WIJESUNDARA SIRIL 
Published: June 2017

Sri Lanka is a country with unique landscapes and positioning. Its land profile varies from coastal areas through lowland hills to central montane region, and the climatic zones governed by seasonal monsoons results in a significantly high biodiversity. Sri Lanka together with Western Ghats is a biodiversity hot spot among the 35 regions known worldwide. Sri Lanka harbors 3154 species of which 894 are endemics belonging to different angiosperm families. The orchid flora of the country, with 189 known species including 55 endemics is one that contributes very much for this high endemism. However 70.6% are currently listed as nationally threatened species during National Red listing in 2012. The present study was conducted to investigate the current status and occurrence of species of the family Orchidaceae within and outside the conservation areas including few unexplored/ undocumented regions in the country. Field visits were carried out mainly focusing on the flowering seasons. Fourteen different sites including Forest Reserves, Sanctuaries, Strict Nature Reserves and Wildlife Parks were taken into consideration during this study. Observations were made in the field and locations recorded, collected data were tabulated and compared with available information. The observation made during the present study would make a large contribution for updating the conservation status of orchids at national and global level red listing.
Markers of arterial stiffness in a sample of Lebanese subjects with Grade I essential hypertension
Authors: Mallat Samir , Jurjus Abdo , Bou Assi Tarek , Jurjus Alice , Shams Ali , El Sayegh Skye , Berbari Adel 
Published: June 2017

Objectives: Arterial stiffness is becoming a major global condition associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular problems and death. Several markers have been linked to arterial stiffness. Methods: To determine and evaluate these relations, anthropometric parameters (weight, height, and pulse rate), biochemical profile, and central and peripheral indices of arterial function were measured in 114 Lebanese subjects with Grade I essential hypertension. Results: Age was associated with a higher pulse wave velocity (p = .001), central systolic blood pressure (p = .013), central pulse pressure (p = .028), central augmentation index (p ≤ .0001) with a lower heart rate (p = .08), and glomerular filtration rate (p = .019). Pulse wave velocity was found to be higher in older subjects (>65 years) and correlated with higher body mass index (r = .85) independent of age. Aging also correlated with higher plasma glucose and alterations in calcium–phosphorus metabolism. Conclusion: Aging is associated with increased arterial stiffness which is reflected by an increase in the pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, central pulse pressure, and central systolic blood pressure with a reduction in heart rate. Also, a higher body mass index and a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) are associated with increased arterial stiffness while calcium and phosphorus metabolism may play a role by promoting vascular calcification.
Graph clustering-based discretization of splitting and merging methods (GraphS and GraphM)
Authors: Sriwanna Kittakorn , Boongoen Tossapon , Iam-On Natthakan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDiscretization plays a major role as a data preprocessing technique used in machine learning and data mining. Recent studies have focused on multivariate discretization that considers relations among attributes. The general goal of this method is to obtain the discrete data, which preserves most of the semantics exhibited by original continuous data. However, many techniques generate the final discrete data that may be less useful with natural groups of data not being maintained. This paper presents a novel graph clustering-based discretization algorithm that encodes different similarity measures into a graph representation of the examined data. The intuition allows more refined data-wise relations to be obtained and used with the effective graph clustering technique based onnormalized associationto discover nature graphs accurately. The goodness of this approach is empirically demonstrated over 30 standard datasets and 20 imbalanced datasets, compared with 11 well-known discretization algorithms using 4 classifiers. The results suggest the new approach is able to preserve the natural groups and usually achieve the efficiency in terms of classifier performance, and the desired number of intervals than the comparative methods.
Increased mortality in women: sex differences in burn outcomes
Authors: Karimi Karen , Faraklas Iris , Lewis Giavonni , Ha Daniel , Walker Bridget , Zhai Yan , Graves Gareth , Dissanaike Sharmila 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
There is increasing evidence that sex differences may influence responses after thermal injury and affect clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between sex, thermal injury, body size, and inpatient mortality in burn patients.

Methods
Medical records of adults with &gt;20% total body surface area (TBSA) burn injury admitted to two American Burn Association (ABA)-verified burn centers between 2008 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Injury details and baseline characteristics, including body size as estimated by body surface area (BSA) and body mass index (BMI) were recorded, along with details of the hospital course. The primary outcome of inpatient mortality was compared between sexes.

Results
Out of 334 subjects, 60 were women (18%). Median TBSA was 33% (IQR 25–49) in this cohort, with 19% full thickness burns and 30% inhalation injury. Despite no significant difference in age, presence of inhalation injury, TBSA, or depth of burn, women had significantly higher rates of inpatient mortality (45 vs. 29%, P = 0.01). BSA was significantly lower in women vs. men (P &lt; 0.001), but this difference was not more pronounced among non-survivors. There was no difference in BMI between men and women non-survivors. Although not significant (P = 0.28), women succumbed to their injuries sooner than men (day 4 vs. 10 post-injury).

Conclusions
Women are less likely to survive burn injuries and die sooner than men with similar injuries. Body size does not appear to modulate this effect. Burn centers should be aware of the higher mortality risk in women with large burns.
Lymphocyte Galactocerebrosidase Activity by LC-MS/MS for Post–Newborn Screening Evaluation of Krabbe Disease
Authors: Liao Hsuan-Chieh , Spacil Zdenek , Ghomashchi Farideh , Escolar Maria L , Kurtzberg Joanne , Orsini Joseph J , Turecek Frantisek , Scott C Ronald , Gelb Michael H 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme galactosylcerebrosidase (GALC) causes Krabbe disease. Newborn screening for Krabbe disease is ongoing, but improved methods for follow-up analysis of screen-positive babies are needed to better advise families and to optimize treatment. We report a new assay for the enzymatic activity of GALC in lymphocytes.

METHODS
T lymphocytes were isolated from venous blood by magnetic bead technology. The assay used a close structural analog of the natural substrate and LC-MS/MS to quantify the amount of product with the aid of a chemically identical internal standard.

RESULTS
The analytical range of the assay (ratio of assay response for the QC high standard to that from all non–enzymatic-dependent processes) was 20-fold greater than that for the conventional radiometric GALC assay. The LC-MS/MS could distinguish cells that were null in GALC from those that contained traces of active enzyme (down to 0.3% of normal). There was a good correlation between the level of residual GALC activity in lymphocytes and the severity of Krabbe disease.

CONCLUSIONS
The new assay can measure small amounts of residual GALC activity in leukocytes with high accuracy compared to previous assays and can contribute, along with genotyping, biomarker analysis, and neurological imaging, a better plan for post–newborn screening follow-up for Krabbe disease.
A fantastic fabrication of Weimar Berlin: Queer nostalgia, timeless memories and surreal spatiality in the film Bent
Authors: Padva Gilad 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The extravagant opening sequence of the film Bent directed by Sean Mathias (1997) fabricates a promiscuous gay venue in the mythic 1930s Weimar Berlin. While Greta’s club is completely fictional, the megastar Mick Jagger’s drag show in this sequence queerly transcends spatiality and temporality. Greta/Jagger not only anticipates the persecution and annihilation of gay men in Nazi Germany but also elegizes modern queer subcultures and their often destructive self-indulgence. This sequence is a flamboyant return to the pastness of queer past that aesthetically represents a radically different queer contemporariness. The screening of queer nostalgia in this decadent opening sequence creates an allegorical space, a psychedelic modern Babylon or a sort of uncanny ‘thirdspace’, a physical and mental space at the same time. The fantastic venue is interrelated with displacement of cultural production, reinvention of collective memory, queer melancholy and, particularly, camp performativity and a new vision of nostalgia as drag show.
Into a wilderness of mirrors: Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy and queer nostalgia
Authors: Rogers Randal 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This article examines the role nostalgia plays in three versions of Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy: John le Carré’s original novel from 1974, John Irvin’s 1979 miniseries, and, especially, Tomas Alfredson’s 2011 film. Within Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy’s complex, highly contrived and furtive masculine narrative – where affects are filtered, sublimated and repressed – appear significant forms of nostalgia. Moreover, in all versions of Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy nostalgia is queered/queer at vital moments. Without queer forms of nostalgia, Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy would be a different film – so too would be the original novel and its multiple adaptations.
Of love and longing: Queer nostalgia in Carol
Authors: Daigle Allain 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This article discusses nostalgia and sensation in Carol (Haynes, 2015), a contemporary melodrama about a lesbian romance in the 1950s. While Carol returns its romance to a closeted past, it presents a nostalgic view of queer desire that is neither wistful nor tragic. Drawing on Tamara de Szegheo Lang’s theory of critical nostalgia and Elizabeth Freeman’s theory of longing, this article argues that Carol’s nostalgic form, particularly its use of framing, texture and colour, unsettles linear experiences of time associated with looking at the past. Carol’s conspicuous formalism intertwines the phenomena and immediacy of temporal experience with the multiple experiences of historical desire, and the film’s aesthetics productively complicate its compliance with a larger narrative of linear progress. The interaction of framing, texture and colour in Carol engage ways of seeing that are critically full, rather than indulgently melancholic, of female desire in the 1950s.