bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis on infectious-related outcomes after hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Clemmons Amber B , Gandhi Arpita S , Albrecht Benjamin , Jacobson Stephanie , Pantin Jeremy 
Published: October 2017

Background Patients immediately post-hematopoietic cell transplantation are at high risk for bacteremia. Judicious prophylactic antimicrobial utilization must balance anticipated benefits (reduction infections) versus risk (bacterial resistance, Clostridium difficile) . Objective To compare infectious outcomes (primary: incidence bacteremia; secondary: febrile neutropenia, C. difficile, susceptibility of bacteremia, time to discharge and 30-day mortality) between hematopoietic cell transplantation who received fluoroquinolone prophylaxis to those who did not. Methods A local institutional review board-approved retrospective study was conducted on all hematopoietic cell transplantation patients ( n = 171) comparing those who received fluoroquinolone prophylaxis ( n = 105) to those who did not ( n = 66). Data included infectious outcomes and mortality for the first 30 days post-hematopoietic cell transplantation. Chi-squared was performed for categorical variables (GraphPad Software Inc., 2015). Secondary analysis compared outcomes within autologous and allogeneic sub-groups. Results Bacteremia was significantly lower for the overall cohort receiving fluoroquinolone (median duration eight days) versus those without fluoroquinolone (15.2% vs. 31.8%; P < 0.01). No difference was seen in C. difficile infection ( P = 0.81) or 30-day mortality (2.9% vs. 4.5%; P = 0.67). In the autologous sub-group ( n = 115), bacteremia was significantly lower in the fluoroquinolone cohort (8.5% vs. 27.3%; P = 0.0069), while no differences were seen in C. difficile infection ( P = 1) or 30-day mortality ( P = 1). In the allogeneic sub-group ( n = 56), there was no difference between those with and without fluoroquinolone in bacteremia (29.4% vs. 40.9%; P = 0.4) or C. difficile ( P = 0.72); however, there was a trend toward improved 30-day mortality (2.9% vs. 9.1%; P = 0.55). Conclusions Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis reduces incidence of bacteremia in autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation without increasing C. difficile after hematopoietic cell transplantation.
The influence of age and unreported symptoms on the Oxford Shoulder Score
Authors: Dabis John , Colaço Henry B. , Hingston Helen , Arnander Magnus , Tennent Duncan , Pearse Eyiyemi O. 
Published: October 2017

Background One potential limitation of interpreting the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) in longitudinal studies is that the observed score may be influenced by age and other variables, which may change over time. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of increasing age and unreported non-shoulder upper limb and neck symptoms on the OSS. Methods We collected OSS data from a sample of our ethnically diverse local population. All subjects indicated whether they suffered from any neck, shoulder, elbow or wrist symptoms for which they had not sought a medical opinion. Those reporting no symptoms formed the asymptomatic group. Results We found a significant decline in OSS with increasing age in the whole study population, as well as in both the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups with previously unreported symptoms: Spearman correlation coefficient = −0.27, −0.28 and −0.33 respectively (p < 0.001). The median OSS in the asymptomatic group was 48 [interquartile range (IQR) 48 to 48]. This was significantly higher than the symptomatic group, with a median OSS of 46 (IQR 40 to 47) (p < 0.001). Conclusions We found the OSS to be affected by non-shoulder upper-limb and neck pathology as well as age. Within the limitations of the OSS, the differences we found do not exceed the minimal important change.
Creatine Use in Sports
Authors: Butts Jessica , Jacobs Bret , Silvis Matthew 
Published: October 2017

Context: The use of creatine as a dietary supplement has become increasingly popular over the past several decades. Despite the popularity of creatine, questions remain with regard to dosing, effects on sports performance, and safety. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed was searched for articles published between 1980 and January 2017 using the terms creatine, creatine supplementation, sports performance, and dietary supplements. An additional Google search was performed to capture National Collegiate Athletic Association–specific creatine usage data and US dietary supplement and creatine sales. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Short-term use of creatine is considered safe and without significant adverse effects, although caution should be advised as the number of long-term studies is limited. Suggested dosing is variable, with many different regimens showing benefits. The safety of creatine supplementation has not been studied in children and adolescents. Currently, the scientific literature best supports creatine supplementation for increased performance in short-duration, maximal-intensity resistance training. Conclusion: While creatine appears to be safe and effective for particular settings, whether creatine supplementation leads to improved performance on the field of play remains unknown.
Alcohol consumption and cardiorespiratory fitness in five population-based studies
Authors: Baumeister Sebastian E , Finger Jonas D , Gläser Sven , Dörr Marcus , Markus Marcello RP , Ewert Ralf , Felix Stephan B , Grabe Hans-Jörgen , Bahls Martin , Mensink Gert BM , Völzke Henry , Piontek Katharina , Leitzmann Michael F 
Published: October 2017

Background Poor cardiorespiratory fitness is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity. Alcohol consumption contributes substantially to the burden of disease, but its association with cardiorespiratory fitness is not well described. We examined associations between average alcohol consumption, heavy episodic drinking and cardiorespiratory fitness. Design The design of this study was as a cross-sectional population-based random sample. Methods We analysed data from five independent population-based studies (Study of Health in Pomerania (2008–2012); German Health Interview and Examination Survey (2008–2011); US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2000; NHANES 2001–2002; NHANES 2003–2004) including 7358 men and women aged 20–85 years, free of lung disease or asthma. Cardiorespiratory fitness, quantified by peak oxygen uptake, was assessed using exercise testing. Information regarding average alcohol consumption (ethanol in grams per day (g/d)) and heavy episodic drinking (5+ or 6+ drinks/occasion) was obtained from self-reports. Fractional polynomial regression models were used to determine the best-fitting dose-response relationship. Results Average alcohol consumption displayed an inverted U-type relation with peak oxygen uptake ( p-value<0.0001), after adjustment for age, sex, education, smoking and physical activity. Compared to individuals consuming 10 g/d (moderate consumption), current abstainers and individuals consuming 50 and 60 g/d had significantly lower peak oxygen uptake values (ml/kg/min) (β coefficients = −1.90, β = −0.06, β = −0.31, respectively). Heavy episodic drinking was not associated with peak oxygen uptake. Conclusions Across multiple adult population-based samples, moderate drinkers displayed better fitness than current abstainers and individuals with higher average alcohol consumption.
The Effect of Pretest Exercise on Baseline Computerized Neurocognitive Test Scores
Authors: Pawlukiewicz Alec , Yengo-Kahn Aaron M. , Solomon Gary 
Published: October 2017

Background: Baseline neurocognitive assessment plays a critical role in return-to-play decision making following sport-related concussions. Prior studies have assessed the effect of a variety of modifying factors on neurocognitive baseline test scores. However, relatively little investigation has been conducted regarding the effect of pretest exercise on baseline testing. Purpose/Hypothesis: The aim of our investigation was to determine the effect of pretest exercise on baseline Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) scores in adolescent and young adult athletes. We hypothesized that athletes undergoing self-reported strenuous exercise within 3 hours of baseline testing would perform more poorly on neurocognitive metrics and would report a greater number of symptoms than those who had not completed such exercise. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The ImPACT records of 18,245 adolescent and young adult athletes were retrospectively analyzed. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, participants were dichotomized into groups based on a positive (n = 664) or negative (n = 6609) self-reported history of strenuous exercise within 3 hours of the baseline test. Participants with a positive history of exercise were then randomly matched, based on age, sex, education level, concussion history, and hours of sleep prior to testing, on a 1:2 basis with individuals who had reported no pretest exercise. The baseline ImPACT composite scores of the 2 groups were then compared. Results: Significant differences were observed for the ImPACT composite scores of verbal memory, visual memory, reaction time, and impulse control as well as for the total symptom score. No significant between-group difference was detected for the visual motor composite score. Furthermore, pretest exercise was associated with a significant increase in the overall frequency of invalid test results. Conclusion: Our results suggest a statistically significant difference in ImPACT composite scores between individuals who report strenuous exercise prior to baseline testing compared with those who do not. Since return-to-play decision making often involves documentation of return to neurocognitive baseline, the baseline test scores must be valid and accurate. As a result, we recommend standardization of baseline testing such that no strenuous exercise takes place 3 hours prior to test administration.
Ultrawide Field Imaging and OCT Angiography in Late-Onset Chloroquine Retinopathy
Authors: Abadía Beatriz , Llorenç Víctor , Mesquida Marina , Sainz de la Maza Maria Teresa , Adán Alfredo 
Published: October 2017

Purpose: To describe the clinical features of a 57-year-old female with palindromic rheumatism and a 15-year history of chloroquine use and bilateral vision loss. Methods: Ophthalmological examination, including ultrawide field (UWF) fundus images (Optomap-200TX) and cross-sectional retinal scans obtained with Zeiss spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography (SD-OCTA, HD-5000, Angioplex), was performed. Results: Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/60 in both eyes. Ultrawide field fundus images revealed a ring-shaped area of pericentral and paracentral mottling of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), vascular attenuation, and loss of foveal reflex bilaterally. The SD-OCT showed obvious thinning in the outer retina, loss of the photoreceptor inner/outer segment junction corresponding to the location of the hypofluorescent lesion in the macular inferior temporal area, as well as a granular appearance of the RPE. Optical coherence tomography angiography showed the integrity of the superficial capillary plexus in both eyes, but the deep capillary plexus and the choriocapillaris layer detailed the loss of vasculature and the hyperreflective lesions located pericentrally. Multifocal central electroretinogram diminished in both the eyes. Conclusions: Optical coherence tomography angiography is able to show alterations produced by chloroquine toxicity. New technologies, such as UWF imaging and OCTA, could be suitable alternatives for screening and follow-up of chloroquine retinopathy.
Mouse Models of Primary Aldosteronism: From Physiology to Pathophysiology
Authors: Aragao-Santiago Leticia , Gomez-Sanchez Celso E , Mulatero Paolo , Spyroglou Ariadni , Reincke Martin , Williams Tracy Ann 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is a common form of endocrine hypertension that is characterized by the excessive production of aldosterone relative to suppressed plasma renin levels. PA is usually caused by either a unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Somatic mutations have been identified in several genes that encode ion pumps and channels that may explain the aldosterone excess in over half of aldosterone-producing adenomas, whereas the pathophysiology of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia is largely unknown. A number of mouse models of hyperaldosteronism have been described that recreate some features of the human disorder, although none replicate the genetic basis of human PA. Animal models that reproduce the genotype–phenotype associations of human PA are required to establish the functional mechanisms that underlie the endocrine autonomy and deregulated cell growth of the affected adrenal and for preclinical studies of novel therapeutics. Herein, we discuss the differences in adrenal physiology across species and describe the genetically modified mouse models of PA that have been developed to date.
Skeletal Microstructure and Estimated Bone Strength Improve Following Parathyroidectomy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Cusano Natalie E , Rubin Mishaela R , Silva Barbara C , Tay Yu-Kwang Donovan , Williams John M , Agarwal Sanchita , Omeragic Beatriz , Guo X Edward , Bilezikian John P 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Context
High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) is a noninvasive imaging technology that can provide insight into skeletal microstructure and strength. In asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), HRpQCT imaging has demonstrated both decreased cortical and trabecular indices, consistent with evidence for increased fracture risk. There are limited data regarding changes in HRpQCT parameters postparathyroidectomy.

Objective
To evaluate changes in skeletal microstructure by HRpQCT in subjects with PHPT after parathyroidectomy.

Design
We studied 29 subjects with PHPT (21 women, 8 men) with HRpQCT at baseline and 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postparathyroidectomy.

Main Outcome Measures
Volumetric bone mineral density, microarchitectural indices, and finite element analysis at the distal radius and tibia.

Results
At both the radius and tibia, there were significant improvements in total, cortical, and trabecular volumetric bone density as early as 6 months postparathyroidectomy (24-month values for total volumetric bone density, radius: +2.8 ± 4%, tibia: +4.4 ± 4%; P &lt; 0.0001 for both), cortical thickness (radius: +1.1 ± 2%, tibia: +2.0 ± 3%; P &lt; 0.01 for both), and trabecular bone volume (radius: +3.8 ± 5%, tibia: +3.2 ± 4%; P &lt; 0.0001 for both). At both sites, by finite element analysis, stiffness and failure load were improved starting at 6 months postparathyroidectomy (24-month values for failure load, radius: +6.2 ± 6%, tibia: +4.8 ± 7%; P &lt; 0.0001 for both).

Conclusions
These results provide information about skeletal microarchitecture in subjects with PHPT followed through 2 years after parathyroidectomy. Estimated bone strength is improved, consistent with data showing decreased fracture risk postparathyroidectomy.
Εσωτερικές μεταναστεύσεις στο ύστερο Βυζάντιο (μέσα 13ου - τέλη 14ου αι.)
Authors: ΚΟΝΤΟΓΙΑΝΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Αναστασία 
Published: October 2017

This paper intents to investigate the terminology used in Byzantine sources for the description of large scale population movements (migration). It also examines the factors causing migrations, their effects, as well as the social and political role of the migrants in their host regions. The often fragmented and scattered evidence in the available primary sources of the period under examination indicates frequent, as well as large movements of population. These movements involve primarily people who flee war zones or conquered areas in search of a safer region within the borders of the Byzantine State. Apart from population movements triggered by military operations, migrations were also caused by political and religious conflicts, natural disasters, epidemics, economic needs and the imperial initiative. Movements of population caused by enemy attacks were provisional, if these attacks did not result to the permanent conquest of a city or region. If, however, certain regions were irrevocably lost to the enemy, then the migration of the former inhabitants of these regions was permanent. The people who moved to the urban centers of this period were gradually incorporated in the economic and social life of the host areas, contributing thus significantly to a much needed regeneration, especially under the turbulent conditions of the late byzantine period.
People who report anomalous information reception have higher dissociation symptom scores
Authors: Wahbeh Helané , Radin Dean 
Published: October 2017

Background: Dissociative states exist on a continuum from nonpathological expressions, such as highway hypnosis and day-dreaming, to pathological states of derealization and depersonalization. Claims of communication with deceased individuals or mediumship have been dismissed as dissociative symptoms in the past, although current definitions of dissociative pathologies have been qualified to include distress from the disorder and functional disability. This study examined the relationship between dissociative symptoms and mediumship or anomalous information reception (AIR) in a large convenience sample. Methods: Secondary analyses of cross-sectional survey data were conducted. The survey included demographics, the Dissociation Experience Scale Taxon (DES-T), and AIR data. Summary statistics and linear and logistic regressions evaluated the relationship between dissociative symptoms and AIR endorsement with and without covariates. Results: 3,023 participants were included and were mostly middle-aged (51 years ± 16; range 17-96), female (70%), Caucasian (85%), college educated (88%), had an annual income over $50,000 (55%), were raised Christian (71%) and now affiliated as Spiritual but not Religious (60%). AIR ability was endorsed by 42% of participants. AIR experiences usually began in childhood (81%). Also, 53% had family members with similar AIR experiences. The mean DES-T score was 14.4 ± 17.3 (range 0-100) for all participants and was significantly higher for AIR claimants (18.2 ± 19.3) non-claimants (11.8 ± 15.2; t = -10.3, p<0.0005). In total, 11% of non-claimants and 22% of claimants had a cut-off score greater than 30 (X 2 = 63.0, p=<0.0005). Conclusions: Mean DES-T scores for all participants were lower than a clinical cutoff for pathological dissociation. Future studies comparing AIR claimants and non-claimants may benefit from using a more comprehensive measure of dissociative symptoms. In addition, evaluating the participant’s functional impairment would help discern the pathological versus non-pathological nature of purported AIR experiences.
A Theory of Disclosure in Speculative Markets
Authors: Hertzberg Andrew 
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a theory of disclosure in a market where investors have heterogeneous beliefs and face short-sale constraints. Assets trade above fundamentals reflecting the value of the option to sell to more optimistic investors in the future. The initial seller has an incentive to commit to an imprecise disclosure policy, despite the negative effect this has on the fundamental value of the asset, in order to increase the potential for disagreement and hence the magnitude of the speculative premium. I show that there is a strategic complementarity between sellers in their disclosure decisions. This explains why financial misreporting and episodes of speculation occur together in waves and demonstrates that the endogenous choice of imprecise disclosure amplifies the extent to which assets are overpriced. This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Coordinated Logistics with a Truck and a Drone
Authors: Carlsson John Gunnar , Song Siyuan 
Published: October 2017

We determine the efficiency of a delivery system in which an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) provides service to customers while making return trips to a truck that is itself moving. In other words, a UAV picks up a package from the truck (which continues on its route), and after delivering the package, the UAV returns to the truck to pick up the next package. Although the hardware for such systems already exists, the extent to which such an approach can actually provide a significantly improved quality of service is not yet understood. By combining a theoretical analysis in the Euclidean plane with real-time numerical simulations on a road network, we demonstrate that the improvement in efficiency is proportional to the square root of the ratio of the speeds of the truck and the UAV. The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2824 . This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Order Flow Volatility and Equity Costs of Capital
Authors: Chordia Tarun , Hu Jianfeng , Subrahmanyam Avanidhar , Tong Qing 
Published: October 2017

We propose that the volatility of order flow is a proxy for costs of information asymmetry, as order flow volatility varies positively with parameters that also influence adverse selection costs of trading. Empirically, order flow volatility is significantly higher prior to earnings or merger announcements when information asymmetry is likely to be elevated. Levels of and shocks to order flow volatility are positively and significantly correlated with existing illiquidity proxies, and strongly predict stock returns in the cross section. The impact of order imbalance volatility shocks on stock prices is reflected within one month in large, visible stocks but takes up to four months to be fully reflected in small, “neglected” stocks. The Internet appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2848 . This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Cuba dances: Popular dance, documentary film and the construction of the revolutionary state
Authors: Town Sarah 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
With the 1959 victory of the Cuban Revolution, documentary film became a means by which to study and educate the population, to disseminate and at times question revolutionary ideology, and through these processes to construct a new nation. Because of its association with the lively effervescence of cubanía, popular dance continued to be a crucial element in Cuba’s self-image, featured prominently in new filmic production. Yet revolutionary perspectives on past eras and goals for a new moral culture complicated its portrayal. This article explores the diverse, sometimes conflicting, currents in Cuba’s documentary film production from 1960 to 1974 through the analysis of four short documentaries focused on popular dance. It argues that popular dance, as viewed through the lens of documentary film, was a crucial area of ideological struggle, the victory of which implied control over the minds, hearts and bodies of Cubans in the construction of a revolutionary state.
Yemenite Jews in the Red Sea Trade and the Development of a New Diaspora
Authors: Anzi Menashe 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article explores the Red Sea world from the perspective of Yemenite Jewish migration and the Yemenite Jewish diaspora. Such a perspective, unexamined so far, supports the notion of the “Red Sea World” as a cultural geographical unit and helps extend its research parameters. In providing an integrative approach to the study of the multiple Jewish communities in the Red Sea region, which are typically viewed as distinct and relatively isolated, the research also contributes to the study of Jewish diaspora history. My research further reveals that there were close ties between Muslim and Jewish immigrants in the area around the Red Sea.