bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aldosterone to Renin Ratio as a Screening Instrument for Primary Aldosteronism in a Middle-Aged Population with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Mourtzinis Georgios , Ebrahimi Ahmad , Gustafsson Helena , Johannsson Gudmundur , Manhem Karin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAtrial fibrillation seems to be overrepresented among patients with primary aldosteronism. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of aldosterone to renin ratio as a screening instrument for primary aldosteronism in an atrial fibrillation population with relatively low cardiovascular risk profile. A total of 149 patients <65 years and with history of AF were screened for primary aldosteronism using aldosterone to renin ratio. Pathologically increased aldosterone to renin ratio (>65 pmol/mIU) was found in 15 participants (10.1%). Further investigation of the positive screened participants and confirmatory saline infusion test resulted in a diagnosis of primary aldosteronism in four individuals out of 149 (2.6%). Three out of the four individuals with primary aldosteronism had previously been diagnosed with hypertension, but only one out of the four had uncontrolled blood pressure, that is, >140/90 mmHg. All participants had normal potassium levels. Individuals with increased aldosterone to renin ratio had significantly higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in comparison to participants with normal aldosterone to renin ratio (136 vs. 126 mmHg, p=0.02 and 84 vs. 78 mmHg, p=0.02). These findings suggest that assessment of aldosterone to renin ratio can be useful for identification of underlying primary aldosteronism in patients with diagnosed atrial fibrillation and hypertension in spite of well controlled blood pressure and normokalemia.
Freeze Brand Retention in Channel Catfish and Channel Catfish × Blue Catfish Hybrids
Authors: Neely Ben C. , Lynott Sean T. , Koch Jeff D. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We evaluated freeze brands on Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and hybrid catfish (female Channel Catfish × male Blue Catfish I. furcatus) to determine suitability of the technique for identification of year-class on ictalurid catfishes. Freeze brands were applied to fish in a hatchery setting, and adipose fins were removed as a secondary mark. Marked fish were stocked into two Kansas reservoirs within 3 d after marking. Fish were sampled with a suite of gear types for 3 years after the initial stocking in 2013. All captured catfish were observed for the presence of a freeze brand and an adipose fin. A logistic regression model estimated 80% brand retention for Channel Catfish through 460 d. The logistic regression model for hybrid catfish brand retention as a function of days at large was not significant, but retention remained near 80% throughout the 3-year study period. Results suggest that freeze brands are suitable for marking Channel Catfish and hybrid catfish in natural systems when marks should be retained for at least 1 year and up to 3 years.
Received March 6, 2017; accepted September 14, 2017Published online October 30, 2017
Detecting presence of mutational signatures in cancer with confidence
Authors: Huang Xiaoqing , Wojtowicz Damian , Przytycka Teresa M 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMotivationCancers arise as the result of somatically acquired changes in the DNA of cancer cells. However, in addition to the mutations that confer a growth advantage, cancer genomes accumulate a large number of somatic mutations resulting from normal DNA damage and repair processes as well as carcinogenic exposures or cancer related aberrations of DNA maintenance machinery. These mutagenic processes often produce characteristic mutational patterns called mutational signatures. The decomposition of a cancer genome’s mutation catalog into mutations consistent with such signatures can provide valuable information about cancer etiology. However, the results from different decomposition methods are not always consistent. Hence, one needs to be able to not only decompose a patient’s mutational profile into signatures but also establish the accuracy of such decomposition.ResultsWe proposed two complementary ways of measuring confidence and stability of decomposition results and applied them to analyze mutational signatures in breast cancer genomes. We identified both very stable and highly unstable signatures, as well as signatures that previously have not been associated with breast cancer. We also provided additional support for the novel signatures. Our results emphasize the importance of assessing the confidence and stability of inferred signature contributions.Availability and implementationAll tools developed in this paper have been implemented in an R package, called SignatureEstimation, which is available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/CBBresearch/Przytycka/index.cgi\#signatureestimation.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
When Public Recognition for Charitable Giving Backfires: The Role of Independent Self-Construal
Authors: Simpson Bonnie , White Katherine , Laran Juliano 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This research examines the effectiveness of public recognition in encouraging charitable giving, demonstrating that public recognition can sometimes decrease donations. While previous work has largely shown that making donations visible to others can motivate donors, the present research shows that the effectiveness of public recognition depends on whether potential donors are under an independent (i.e., separate from others) or interdependent (i.e., connected with others) self-construal. Across seven experimental studies, an independent self-construal decreases donation intentions and amounts when the donor will receive public recognition compared to when the donation will remain private. This effect is driven by the activation of an agentic motive, wherein independents are motivated to make decisions that are guided by their own goals and self-interests, rather than being influenced by the opinions and expectations of others. This research contributes to the understanding of the nuanced roles of both public recognition and self-construal in predicting donation behavior.
Global climate change increases the need for genetic management
Authors: Frankham Richard , Ballou Jonathan D. , Ralls Katherine , Eldridge Mark D. B. , Dudash Michele R. , Fenster Charles B. , Lacy Robert C. , Sunnucks Paul 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAdverse genetic impacts on fragmented populations are expected to accelerate under global climate change. Many populations and species may not be able to adapt in situ, or move unassisted to suitable habitat. Management may reduce these threats by augmenting genetic diversity to improve the ability to adapt evolutionarily, by translocation, including that outside the species’ historical range (assisted colonization) and by ameliorating non-genetic threats. Global climate change amplifies the need for genetic management of fragmented populations.
Take home messages
Authors: Frankham Richard , Ballou Jonathan D. , Ralls Katherine , Eldridge Mark D. B. , Dudash Michele R. , Fenster Charles B. , Lacy Robert C. , Sunnucks Paul 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe recommend augmentation of gene flow for isolated population fragments that are suffering inbreeding and low genetic diversity, provided that proposed population crosses have low risks of outbreeding depression, and the predicted benefits justify the financial costs.
Updates on the diagnostic tools for evaluation of pelvic floor disorders
Authors: Aguilar Vivian C. , White Amanda B. , Rogers Rebecca G. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
Pelvic floor disorders are common and cause significant morbidity for women. Recent advances in the evaluation of women with pelvic floor dysfunction have improved diagnostic accuracy and, with the development and use of validated patient-reported outcomes, has improved measurement of outcomes important to patients. We describe recent advances in the evaluation and measurement of pelvic floor disorders (PFDs).

Recent findings
We describe recent developments in pelvic floor assessment of women with pelvic floor dysfunction.

Summary
Complex integration of multiple anatomic structures and their function are necessary for pelvic floor function. Although the pillars of a complete assessment are a thorough history and physical exam, diagnostic tools can aid in fleshing out the correct and complete analysis of the patient suffering from PFDs.
Difficult implant removals
Authors: Voedisch Amy , Hugin Michele 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
Subdermal contraceptive implant insertions have rapidly increased worldwide. These devices are usually removed 3–5 years after insertion. Although removals are generally straightforward, difficult removals can occur. This review discusses the overall approach to potentially problematic removals and the appropriate steps to avoid complications and safely remove implants.

Recent findings
Given the rapid uptake of contraceptive implants and subsequent need for removals, an Implants Removal Task Force was formed to create standard protocols for difficult implant removals worldwide. These protocols detail how to identify a nonpalpable implant and the subsequent steps needed for safe removals that avoid vascular or neurological complications.

Summary
Rapid uptake of subdermal implants has created a need for a comprehensive approach in the unlikely setting of a difficult implant removal. Standard protocols now exist to aid clinicians in the safe removal of these implants.
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS ASSOCIATED WITH OCCLUSIVE VASCULOPATHY IN AN ELDERLY, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS–NEGATIVE MAN
Authors: Moussa Kareem , Doan Thuy , Stewart Jay M. , Shantha Jessica , Gonzales John , Acharya Nisha , Cunningham Emmett T. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To present a case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis associated with occlusive vasculopathy presenting as sudden unilateral loss of vision in a human immunodeficiency virus–negative elderly man.

Methods:
Clinical case report and literature review.

Results:
An 84-year-old Chinese man with diabetes mellitus and primary open-angle glaucoma was seen in consultation by our uveitis service for evaluation of sudden vision loss in the right eye. Examination revealed an occlusive retinal vasculopathy. An extensive diagnostic workup was performed, including fluorescein angiography, serologic testing for infectious etiologies including syphilis and tuberculosis and a temporal artery biopsy. The patient was treated with high-dose oral prednisone, after which the biopsy returned negative for giant-cell arteritis. Three weeks after initial presentation, the patient was noted to have a new area of retinitis in the temporal periphery. An anterior chamber paracentesis was performed, and the fluid was sent for directed polymerase chain reaction testing, which returned positive for CMV. Human immunodeficiency virus testing was negative. He was treated with oral valganciclovir and intravitreal foscarnet injections and the infection subsequently resolved.

Conclusion:
Cytomegalovirus infection can be associated with occlusive vasculopathy in human immunodeficiency virus–negative individuals. The diagnosis of CMV retinitis should be considered in patients with human immunodeficiency virus–negative who have other conditions that may compromise immune function, particularly advanced age, diabetes mellitus, malignancy, or use of immunosuppressive agents.
Pneumococcal Vaccination and Pneumonia Associated With Pleural Effusion in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Bernaola Enrique , Gil Francisco , Herranz Mercedes , Gil-Setas Alberto , Guevara Marcela , Castilla Jesus 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
The aim was to assess the effect of the nonsystematic pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) on incidence of pneumonia associated with parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPE) in vaccinated and unvaccinated children.

Methods:
Cases were patients <15 years of age who had been diagnosed with pneumonia associated with PPE in a tertiary hospital in Navarra (Spain) between 1995 and 2014. The population <15 years of age and covered by the public health service was used as reference. The vaccination status of the cases and population was obtained from computerized medical records. Logistic regression analyses included vaccination status, age group and time periods: prevaccine (1995–2001) and vaccination with PCV7 (2002–2010) and PCV13 (2011–2014).

Results:
A total of 321 cases of PPE were included. The risk of PPE increased between the prevaccine and PCV7 period (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.37–4.71), while vaccination with PCV7 was found to be an independent risk factor (OR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.09–1.89) in the same analysis. In the PCV13 period, the risk of PPE returned to the prevaccination incidence level among children vaccinated with PCV13 (OR, 1.07; 95% CI: 0.56–2.04), while unvaccinated children (OR, 1.69; 95% CI: 0.96–2.98) and overall those vaccinated with PCV7 (OR, 3.64; 95% CI: 2.15–6.17) maintained an increased risk of PPE.

Conclusion:
The nonsystematic introduction of PCV7 was followed by an increased incidence of PPE. The subsequent introduction of PCV13 was associated with a return to the incidence level in the prevaccine period, mainly in children vaccinated with PCV13.
Pain Free 3 T MRI Scans in Cochlear Implantees
Authors: Todt Ingo , Tittel Anja , Ernst Arne , Mittmann Philipp , Mutze Sven 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
For cochlear implant recipients, undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans is associated with safety risks and potential side effects. Even following safety guidelines, potential complications (e.g., pain, magnet dislocation, image artifacts) are possible during 1.5 Tesla (T) MRI scans. The stronger static magnetic field of a 3.0 T scanner is associated with further risks of complication, including implant demagnetization. These complications led to the recent development of rotatable internal receiver magnets with a diametrical magnetization.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential occurrence of pain during 3.0 T MRI scans for cochlear implant recipients with a rotatable, diametrically magnetized implant magnet.

Patients:
Five patients implanted with a cochlear implant diametrically magnetized magnet.

Intervention:
MRI scanning at 3 T.

Main Outcome Measure:
In the prospective patient study an MRI scan was performed on five implantees and the degree of pain was evaluated by a visual analog scale. Scans were performed initially with a magnet-supporting headband, and depending on the degree of discomfort/pain, repeated without the headband.

Results:
In all the patients, all the MRI scans were performed without any pain, even without the use of the supportive headband. Demagnetization was clinically not observed.

Conclusion:
3.0 T MRI scanning can be performed on cochlear implant recipients with a rotatable diametrically magnetized internal magnet without risk of the most frequent cochlear-implant-related MRI complication: pain. This finding enables the expansion of MRI scanning indications up to 3.0 T without complication. Limitations in terms of MRI artifact still persist.
An Illustration of the Potential Health and Economic Benefits of Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Gonorrhea
Authors: Chesson Harrell W. , Kirkcaldy Robert D. , Gift Thomas L. , Owusu-Edusei Kwame , Weinstock Hillard S. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Preventing the emergence of ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae can potentially avert hundreds of millions of dollars in direct medical costs of gonorrhea and gonorrhea-attributable HIV infections. In the illustrative scenario we examined, emerging ceftriaxone resistance could lead to 1.2 million additional N. gonorrhoeae infections within 10 years, costing $378.2 million.
Feasibility and Safety of Controlled Active Hypothermia Treatment During Transport in Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Szakmar Eniko , Kovacs Kata , Meder Unoke , Nagy Agnes , Szell Andras , Bundzsity Bojan , Somogyvari Zsolt , Szabo Attila J. , Szabo Miklos , Jermendy Agnes 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
To evaluate the feasibility and safety of controlled active hypothermia versus standard intensive care during neonatal transport in patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Design:
Cohort study with a historic control group.

Setting:
All infants were transported by Neonatal Emergency & Transport Services to a Level-III neonatal ICU.

Patients:
Two hundred fourteen term newborns with moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. An actively cooled group of 136 newborns were compared with a control group of 78 newborns.

Interventions:
Controlled active hypothermia during neonatal transport.

Measurements and Main Results:
Key measured variables were timing of hypothermia initiation, temperature profiles, and vital signs during neonatal transport. Hypothermia was initiated a median 2.58 hours earlier in the actively cooled group compared with the control group (median 1.42 [interquartile range, 0.83–2.07] vs 4.0 [interquartile range, 2.08–5.79] hours after birth, respectively; p < 0.0001), and target temperature was also achieved a median 1.83 hours earlier (median 2.42 [1.58–3.63] vs 4.25 [2.42–6.08] hours after birth, respectively; p < 0.0001). Blood gas values and vital signs were comparable between the two groups with the exception of heart rate, which was significantly lower in the actively cooled group. The number of infants in the target temperature range (33–34°C) on arrival was 79/136 (58.1%) and the rate of overcooling was 16/136 (11.8%) in the actively cooled group. In the overcooled infants, Apgar scores, pH, base deficit, and eventual death rate (7/16; 43.8%) indicated more severe asphyxia suggesting poor temperature control in this subgroup of patients. Adverse events leading to pulmonary or circulatory failure were not observed in either groups during the transport period.

Conclusions:
Therapeutic hypothermia during transport is feasible and safe, allowing for significantly earlier initiation and achievement of target temperature, possibly providing further benefit for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
The evolving landscape of new diagnostic tests for invasive aspergillosis in hematology patients: strengths and weaknesses
Authors: Buchheidt Dieter , Reinwald Mark , Hoenigl Martin , Hofmann Wolf-Karsten , Spiess Birgit , Boch Tobias 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of reviewThe diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in hematologic patients is a complex composite of clinical preconditions and features, imaging findings, biomarker combinations from appropriate clinical samples and microbiological and/or histological findings.Recent findingsRecent developments in the evolving landscape of diagnostic tests for invasive aspergillosis in adult hematology patients are highlighted.SummaryNovel approaches and tools are currently under development. Focusing optimized diagnostic performance, in particular the combination of biomarkers from appropriate clinical samples, improved diagnostic performance distinctly.
Giant Peripheral Temporomandibular Osteoma With Immediate Reconstruction of Mandible
Authors: Heitz Cláiton , Conci Ricardo Augusto , Tomazi Flávio Henrique Silveira , Louzada Guilherme Pivatto , Guarenti Michel Martins , Fritscher Guilherme Genehr 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Osteoma is a benign osteogenic tumor, which is characterized the slow-growing proliferation of compact or cancellous bone. The etiology of the lesion is not well established. Among the hypotheses, the following are related: a traumatic factor, infectious processes, or true neoplasm due to the origin of cartilaginous cells. It can present at any age, usually in young adult individuals, with equal prevalence in both sexes. The clinical characteristics of the peripheral osteoma are represented by slow asymptomatic growth, which leads to swelling and, thus, facial asymmetry. When it is related to the mandibular condyle, this growth can cause functional impairment, such as malocclusion, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and even limited mouth-opening owing to ankylosis.
Bilateral Subperiosteal Hematoma and Orbital Compression Syndrome in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Sundu Cem , Dinç Erdem , Sari Ayça , Ünal Selma , Dursun Özer 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
A 14-year-old boy with sickle cell disease presented with preseptal cellulitis findings as proptosis, eyelid edema, and hyperemia. His best corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 20/20 and 16/20 in the left eye. He had limited ductions in vertical and lateral gazes in both eyes. Bilateral venous tortuosity was observed in posterior segment examination. Orbital bone infarction and subperiosteal hematoma were seen in magnetic resonance imaging. He was diagnosed as having orbital compression syndrome secondary to vaso-occlusive crisis of sickle cell disease and was treated with intravenous ampicilin-sulbactam and methylprednisolone.
The Relationship of the Temporal Branch of the Facial Nerve to the Fascial Planes of Temporal Region in Human Fetuses
Authors: Elvan Özlem , Kara Alev Bobuş , Tezer Mesut Sabri , Aktekin Mustafa 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to obtain information by assessing the relationship between temporal region fascial structures, fat pads, and temporal branches of facial nerve in human fetuses to use the knowledge on treatment of early childhood period surgeries. This anatomic dissection study was conducted on 40 hemifaces with no visible external abnormalities on their faces. Fascial layers and related fat pads of temporal region were dissected layer by layer beginning from superficial to deep. The relations of temporal branches of facial nerve and temporoparietal fascia and the structures of these fascial layers were evaluated. Temporoparietal fascia showed continuity below zygomatic arc with superficial musculoaponeurotic system. Temporal branches of facial nerve showed a multiple branching. Parotid-masseteric fascia became very thin on the superficial of zygomatic arch and ran with superficial layer of temporal fascia above without attaching to periosteum. Temporal branches of facial nerve entered between multilayered layers of temporoparietal fascia. Temporoparietal fascia became thicker on anterior and middle parts because of the localization of superficial temporal fat pad. Temporal fascia was a 2-layered thick and fibrous tissue enveloping intermediate fat pad. Deep layer connected to periosteum of zygomatic arch and superficial layer continued passing superficial of zygomatic arch and connected to the parotid-masseteric fascia. Deep temporal fat pad was found on the deep to deep layer of temporal fascia and surface of temporal muscle. The findings of this study may contribute to the knowledge of the topographical localization of temporal branches of facial nerve with temporal region fascial structures and fat pads in fetuses.
Pediatric Glial Heterotopia in the Medial Canthus
Authors: Kim Soung Min , Amponsah Emmanuel Kofi , Eo Mi Young , Cho Yun Ju , Lee Suk Keun 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Glial heterotopias are rare, benign, congenital, midline, and nonteratomatous extracranial glial tissue. They may be confused as encephalocele or dermoid cysts and are mostly present in the nose.
An 8-month-old African female child presented with a slow growing paranasal mass. The mass had been present at the left upper medial canthus since birth and had slowly and progressively enlarged. There was no communication between the mass and the cranial cavity during the operational procedure. The mass was immunohistochemically positive for S-100 protein as well as for glial fibrillary acidic protein, but negative for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. This suggested that the mass was composed of benign glial tissues with many astrocytes.
The purpose of this report is to demonstrate the first patient with pediatric glial heterotopic tissue in the medial canthus and to report the clinical importance of its immunohistochemical findings.