bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHOROIDAL TUMOR BIOPSY
Authors: Finn Avni P. , Materin Miguel A. , Mruthyunjaya Prithvi 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
To review the indications for and the methods of obtaining biopsies in eyes with uveal melanoma. In addition, this review provides recommendations for avoiding biopsy-related complications and discusses the future directions of biopsy techniques for uveal melanoma.

Methods:
This review is based on a presentation by the authors (PM and MM) at the 2017 Duke Advanced Vitreoretinal Surgery Course and an extensive literature review using PubMed.

Results:
Transscleral and transvitreal fine-needle aspiration biopsy, and transvitreal vitrectomy-assisted biopsy techniques are described. The use of 25- and 27-gauge needles and vitreous cutters through a transvitreal approach are most commonly used. Complications are uncommon but may include vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, and rarely, extraocular extension. Proper technique and precautions will minimize the occurrence of these rare complications.

Conclusion:
Biopsy of uveal melanoma either using a needle or vitrectomy-assisted procedures is safe and these techniques continue to improve with new vitreoretinal surgical advances.
THE ROLE OF INTRAOCULAR GAS TAMPONADE IN RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Neffendorf James E. , Gupta Bhaskar , Williamson Tom H. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
To review the literature regarding intraocular gas tamponade after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods:
The history and evolution of the use of gas is described. The theories explaining gas tamponade are discussed, and efficacy and safety studies in human and animal models are covered.

Results:
A total of 61 articles relating to gas tamponade were cited in this review.

Conclusion:
Gas tamponade is a frequently used procedure in vitreoretinal surgery. An understanding of its mechanism of action is crucial for its safe use when determining which gas is to be used and at what concentration.
Long-Term Topical Diquafosol Tetrasodium Treatment of Dry Eye Disease Caused by Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yamane Mio , Ogawa Yoko , Fukui Masaki , Kamoi Mizuka , Uchino Miki , Saijo-Ban Yumiko , Kozuki Naoyuki , Mukai Shin , Mori Takehiko , Okamoto Shinichiro , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: December 2017

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of long-term use of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution (DQS), an eye drop for mucin production and water secretion, for treating dry eye disease (DED) caused by chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD).

Methods:
We retrospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of DQS in 10 patients with mild to moderate cGVHD-induced DED. The efficacy was assessed by (1) degree of symptoms, (2) Schirmer I test value, (3) tear film breakup time (TFBUT), and (4) fluorescein and rose bengal scores.

Results:
The median duration of DQS treatment was 12.0 months (range 6–17 months). DQS was effective for relieving severe pain caused by cGVHD-related DED. Although the Schirmer I test value was enhanced only marginally, the long-term application of DQS significantly improved the corneal/conjunctival epitheliopathy and tear film stability: the fluorescein score improved from 5.9±0.6 to 1.3±1.1 points (P=1.771×10−5); rose bengal staining from 4.7±1.6 to 2.0±1.5 points (P=0.008); and TFBUT from 2.6±0.9 to 4.6±1.6 mm (P=0.009). Furthermore, the long-term DQS treatment caused no major adverse events.

Conclusions:
This study suggested that long-term DQS treatment is a safe and robust approach for alleviating cGVHD-related DED.
Secure Provider-to-Provider Communication With Electronic Health Record Messaging: An Educational Outreach Study
Authors: Walsh Kathleen E. , Secor Jessica L. , Matsumura Jon S. , Schwarze Margaret L. , Potter Beth E. , Newcomer Peter , Kim Michael K. , Bartels Christie M. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
With increasing electronic health record (EHR) use, providers are talking less with one another. Now, many rely on EHRs, informal emails, or texts, introducing fragmentation and new data security challenges with new communication strategies. We aimed to examine the impact of a physician champion educational outreach intervention to promote electronic provider-to-provider communication in a large academic multispecialty group.

Methods:
Physician champions provided educational outreach to 16 academic departments, using 10-minute case-based presentations. Online surveys assessed communication preferences and practices. Electronic health record queries counted EHR messaging use before and after intervention. Descriptive statistics compared responses by specialty (z-test). Paired responses with pre–post data were compared using chi-square tests. Time series analysis assessed EHR messaging rates before intervention versus after intervention.

Results:
Five hundred seventeen providers responded to the postoutreach survey. Eighty-six percent were familiar with EHR messaging tool and 78% knew how to use it after intervention. Among practitioner groups, Family Medicine preferred EHR messaging the most (62%). Groups who declined outreach least preferred it (26%). Among 88 respondents with paired pre–post intervention surveys, familiarity rose (79–96%), and self-reported use increased (66–88%).

Conclusions:
Physician champion educational outreach increased the use of the secure provider-to-provider EHR messaging tool.
Breast Cancer: Does Type of Hospital Where You Get Surgery Affect Survival?
Authors: Lin Jenny J. , Egorova Natalia , Franco Rebeca , Bickell Nina A. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), more women are insured with Medicaid, which should improve healthcare access. We sought to determine whether there are survival differences among patients with breast cancer undergoing surgery at facilities with varying proportions of Medicaid patients. We used New York State (NYS) Vital Statistics death records data linked with NYS discharge inpatient and ambulatory surgery databases to examine 90-day survival after surgery from 2008 to 2013. We used all Medicaid discharges to calculate and create quintiles of facilities based on Medicaid volume. We calculated survival hazard ratios using a marginal Cox model controlling for clustering of patients within hospitals, age, race, insurance, year of surgery, and comorbidities. Women who received surgery in facilities with the highest quintile of Medicaid volume had higher 90-day mortality (2.1% vs. 0.07%, p < .001) compared with those treated in facilities with lowest Medicaid volume, even after adjusting for multiple confounders. Consequently, although the ACA may improve access, healthcare quality remains questionable because patients treated at facilities with high proportions of Medicaid volume appear to have worse 90-day survival, likely due to quality of surgical and postsurgical care. Policymakers must ensure that quality of care is not negatively impacted by programs to reduce costs.
Effects of liver cirrhosis and patient condition on clinical outcomes in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 156 cases in a single center
Authors: Jesper Daniel , Heyn Sabrina G. , Schellhaas Barbara , Pfeifer Lukas , Goertz Ruediger S. , Zopf Steffen , Neurath Markus F. , Strobel Deike 
Published: December 2017

Objective
The incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) has been increasing over the past few decades. Liver cirrhosis is an independent risk factor for the development of iCCA. This study aimed to examine the prognostic impact of liver cirrhosis and patient condition on the treatment of iCCA.

Patients and methods
We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 156 patients diagnosed with iCCA between 1990 and 2014 in our center. Patients were divided into subgroups depending on the presence and severity of liver cirrhosis and the type of treatment. Clinical data, patient characteristics, and overall survival were compared between these groups.

Results
Forty-seven (30%) of 156 patients had liver cirrhosis, predominantly with Child–Pugh scores A (n=27) and B (n=12). The median survival differed between patients receiving tumor resection (34 months), chemotherapy (10 months), and best supportive care (2 months). An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status score more than 1 was a predictor of poor survival in all patients (P<0.001), independent of the presence of cirrhosis. Resection could be performed less frequently in cirrhotic patients (6 vs. 31 patients; P=0.04). If resection was performed, the presence of cirrhosis A/B did not influence survival. Cirrhosis A/B did not influence the outcome in patients receiving chemotherapy either. In cirrhotic patients receiving chemotherapy, cancer antigen 19-9 levels above 129 U/ml were associated with a significantly shorter survival (22.5 vs. 3 months, P=0.0003).

Conclusion
The presence of liver cirrhosis in iCCA has been underestimated. There was no difference in survival between noncirrhotic patients and patients with compensated cirrhosis. Patients’ general condition seems to be of more prognostic value in the treatment of iCCA than the presence of cirrhosis. Therefore, the presence of cirrhosis A/B should not prevent patients with a good Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status score from receiving tumor resection or chemotherapy.
Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria versus the University of California San Francisco criteria: a comparative study
Authors: Abdelfattah Mohamed R. , Elsiesy Hussien , Al-Manea Hadeel , Broering Dieter C. 
Published: December 2017

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Currently, liver transplantation (LT) for HCC is the only hope for cure from the tumor and from end-stage liver disease (ESLD). The organ pool shortage in deceased donor LT and the donor-related ethical concerns in living-donor LT necessitate the use of rigorous criteria for LT for HCC. In this respect, two main criteria for LT for HCC were implemented with good outcome, namely, the Milan and the University of California San Francisco criteria. Comparison of the outcome of LT for HCC using either of the two criteria has seldom been reported in the literature.

Patients and methods
Eighty-eight patients underwent LT between August 2003 and end of July 2013 for the presence of pathologically proven pure HCC lesions at our institution. Cases of pediatric LT or liver retransplantation were excluded from this study. Cases with mixed HCC and cholangiocarcinoma were excluded from this study.

Results
Eighty-eight patients underwent LT between August 2003 and July 2013 for the presence of pathologically proven pure HCC lesions at our institution. The mean follow-up duration was 45±30.9 months. HCC recurrence was related significantly to the presence of vascular invasion and degree of differentiation of HCC lesion (P value of 0.0001 and 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion
Patient and tumor free survival did not differ significantly between patients within Milan or University of California San Francisco criteria or beyond both criteria. Vascular invasion and poor differentiation are still the most influential factors for post-transplant long-term outcomes in HCC patients.
Bivariate Genome-Wide Association Study of Depressive Symptoms With Type 2 Diabetes and Quantitative Glycemic Traits
Authors: Haljas Kadri , Amare Azmeraw T. , Alizadeh Behrooz Z. , Hsu Yi-Hsiang , Mosley Thomas , Newman Anne , Murabito Joanne , Tiemeier Henning , Tanaka Toshiko , van Duijn Cornelia , Ding Jingzhong , Llewellyn David J. , Bennett David A. , Terracciano Antonio , Launer Lenore , Ladwig Karl-Heinz , Cornelis Marylin C. , Teumer Alexander , Grabe Hans , Kardia Sharon L.R. , Ware Erin B. , Smith Jennifer A. , Snieder Harold , Eriksson Johan G. , Groop Leif , Räikkönen Katri , Lahti Jari 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
Shared genetic background may explain phenotypic associations between depression and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to study, on a genome-wide level, if genetic correlation and pleiotropic loci exist between depressive symptoms and T2D or glycemic traits.

Methods
We estimated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)–based heritability and analyzed genetic correlation between depressive symptoms and T2D and glycemic traits with the linkage disequilibrium score regression by combining summary statistics of previously conducted meta-analyses for depressive symptoms by CHARGE consortium (N = 51,258), T2D by DIAGRAM consortium (N = 34,840 patients and 114,981 controls), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function and insulin resistance by MAGIC consortium (N = 58,074). Finally, we investigated pleiotropic loci using a bivariate genome-wide association study approach with summary statistics from genome-wide association study meta-analyses and reported loci with genome-wide significant bivariate association p value (p < 5 × 10−8). Biological annotation and function of significant pleiotropic SNPs were assessed in several databases.

Results
The SNP-based heritability ranged from 0.04 to 0.10 in each individual trait. In the linkage disequilibrium score regression analyses, depressive symptoms showed no significant genetic correlation with T2D or glycemic traits (p > 0.37). However, we identified pleiotropic genetic variations for depressive symptoms and T2D (in the IGF2BP2, CDKAL1, CDKN2B-AS, and PLEKHA1 genes), and fasting glucose (in the MADD, CDKN2B-AS, PEX16, and MTNR1B genes).

Conclusions
We found no significant overall genetic correlations between depressive symptoms, T2D, or glycemic traits suggesting major differences in underlying biology of these traits. However, several potential pleiotropic loci were identified between depressive symptoms, T2D, and fasting glucose, suggesting that previously established phenotypic associations may be partly explained by genetic variation in these specific loci.
Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Intravenous Catheters to Reduce Central Venous Catheter Use on the Inpatient Medical Ward
Authors: Galen Benjamin T. , Southern William N. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
The traditional technique of placing a peripheral intravenous (IV) catheter is successful in most cases on inpatient wards. However, when the traditional method fails, a central venous catheter may be placed to maintain IV access. These catheters are associated with risks including central line–associated bloodstream infection.

Methods:
We evaluated the effectiveness and acceptability of an ultrasound-guided peripheral IV service to reduce the number of newly placed central venous catheters on an inpatient ward. Central venous catheters were counted daily on intervention and control wards using a standard protocol, and rates of newly placed catheters were compared using a Poisson regression model. Nurses were surveyed to assess acceptability and perceived benefit.

Results:
We found a reduction in the rate of newly placed central venous catheters on the intervention unit compared with the control unit at 90 days: mean 0.47 versus 0.67 newly placed central venous catheters/day, but the difference was not significant (P = .08). Nurses were in favor of the ultrasound-guided IV service, with perceived benefit to their patients.

Conclusion:
Ultrasound-guided peripheral IV might reduce unnecessary central venous catheters on general inpatient wards. A portable ultrasound used for this purpose was found to be acceptable by nursing staff.
Use of Scribes for Documentation Assistance in Rheumatology and Endocrinology Clinics
Authors: Danila Maria I. , Melnick Joshua A. , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Menachemi Nir , Saag Kenneth G. 
Published: December 2017

Background/Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of utilizing medical scribes on clinic workflow, physician professional satisfaction, and patient satisfaction in rheumatology and endocrinology clinics.

Methods
We conducted a within-practice pilot study of medical scribes that included a 6-week intervention phase (documentation assistance by medical scribes) followed by a control phase (usual documentation with no assistance) in outpatient rheumatology and endocrinology clinics at an academic medical center. We evaluated the following outcomes: physician professional satisfaction (range, 5–25, with higher values denoting higher satisfaction), autonomy (range, 4–16, with higher values denoting higher autonomy), perception of clinic workflow (range, 1 = calm, 5 = chaotic), and patient satisfaction (5-point Likert item, anchors: strongly agree, strongly disagree).

Results
Six physicians, including 3 rheumatologists and 3 endocrinologists, and 496 patients nested within their practices participated. The use of a medical scribe was not associated with physician professional satisfaction (18.17 [SD, 2.9] vs. 17.83 [SD, 1.94], not statistically significant), perception of clinic workflow (2.50 [SD, 0.84] vs. 3.17 [SD, 0.75], not statistically significant), or autonomy (8.67 [SD, 3.44] vs. 8.83 [SD, 3.06], not statistically significant). Physicians had an overall favorable view of the medical scribes program and perceived that documentation support provided by scribes was useful and easy to use and had a positive impact on their clinic workflow. Patient satisfaction was high during the intervention phase (99.4% strongly agree/agree) but not significantly different than in the control phase.

Conclusions
Rheumatologists, endocrinologists, and their patients had consistently positive views regarding the use of a medical scribe without an observed negative effect on clinic workflow in outpatient clinics.
Contemporary Utilization of Resuscitative Thoracotomy: Results From the AAST Aortic Occlusion for Resuscitation in Trauma and Acute Care Surgery (AORTA) Multicenter Registry
Authors: DuBose Joseph , Fabian Timothy , Bee Tiffany , Moore Laura J. , Holcomb John B. , Brenner Megan , Skarupa David , Inaba Kenji , Rasmussen Todd E. , Turay David , Scalea Thomas M. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Several reviews of resuscitative thoracotomy (RT) use over the last five decades have been conducted, most recently the evidence-based practice management guideline (PMG) of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST). The present study was designed to examine contemporary RT utilization and outcomes compared with historical data (n = 10,238) from the EAST PMG review from published series 1974 to 2013.

Methods:
The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Aortic Occlusion for Trauma and Acute Care Surgery (AORTA) registry was utilized to identify patients undergoing RT in the emergency department (ED) from November 2013 to December 2016. Demographics, injury data, physiologic presentation, and outcomes were reviewed and compared with those of the EAST PMG review.

Results:
Three-hundred ten RT patients from 16 contributing AORTA centers were identified. The majority were injured by penetrating mechanisms (197/310, 64% [gunshot (163/197, 83%)]). Signs of life (SOL) (organized electrical activity, pupillary response, spontaneous movement, or appreciable pulse/blood pressure) were present on arrival in 47% (147/310). When compared with the EAST PMG results, there was no difference in either hospital survival (5% vs. 8%) or neurologically intact survival between historical controls or AORTA registry patients in any category combination of mechanism/anatomic location/presenting signs of life. Blunt injuries W/O SOL on admission continue to constitute 14% (45/310) of RTs in the ED, without documented survivors.

Conclusion:
Comparison of historical RT controls to more contemporary patients from the AORTA registry suggests that practices and outcomes following RT have not changed. Despite a wealth of accumulated data over several decades, RT continues to be performed for patients after blunt mechanisms of injury who present W/O SOL despite lack of demonstrated hope for survival benefit.
Optic Nerve Avulsion After Finger-Poke Injury
Authors: Patel Tapan P. , Archer Erica L. , Trobe Jonathan D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:
We present a case of optic nerve avulsion as a result of finger-poke injury to the eye. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated a plunging cup indicative of the avulsion, a finding not previously described. Optic nerve avulsion is a form of anterior indirect traumatic optic neuropathy evoked by a sudden severe rotation at the junction of the optic nerve and globe induced, in this case, by penetration of the finger into the nasal orbit.
Evolutionary Origin of the Mammalian Hematopoietic System Found in a Colonial Chordate
Authors: Rosental Benyamin , Kowarsky Mark , Seita Jun , Corey Daniel M. , Ishizuka Katherine J. , Palmeri Karla J. , Chen Shih-Yu , Sinha Rahul , Okamoto Jennifer , Mantalas Gary , Manni Lucia , Raveh Tal , Clarke D. Nathaniel , Newman Aaron M. , Neff Norma F. , Nolan Garry P. , Quake Stephen R. , Weissman Irving L. , Voskoboynik Ayelet 
Published: December 2017

SummaryHematopoiesis is an essential process that evolved in multicellular animals. At the heart of this process are hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are multipotent, self-renewing and generate the entire repertoire of blood and immune cells throughout life. Here we studied the hematopoietic system of Botryllus schlosseri, a colonial tunicate that has vasculature, circulating blood cells, and interesting characteristics of stem cell biology and immunity. Self-recognition between genetically compatible B. schlosseri colonies leads to the formation of natural parabionts with shared circulation, whereas incompatible colonies reject each other. Using flow-cytometry, whole-transcriptome sequencing of defined cell populations, and diverse functional assays, we identified HSCs, progenitors, immune-effector cells, the HSC niche, and demonstrated that self-recognition inhibits cytotoxic reaction. Our study implies that the HSC and myeloid lineages emerged in a common ancestor of tunicates and vertebrates and suggests that hematopoietic bone marrow and the B. schlosseri endostyle niche evolved from the same origin.
Comprehensive profiling of TCRβ repertoire in a non-model species (the bank vole) using high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Migalska Magdalena , Sebastian Alvaro , Radwan Jacek 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn recent years, immune repertoire profiling with high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has advanced our understanding of adaptive immunity. However, fast progress in the field applied mostly to human and mouse research, with only few studies devoted to other model vertebrates. We present the first in-depth characterization of the TCRβ repertoire in a non-model mammal with limited genomic resources available – the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). We used 5′RACE and Illumina HTS to describe V and J segments and to qualitatively characterize preferential V–J segment usage and CDR3 length distribution. Finally, a molecular protocol integrating unique molecular identifiers was used for quantitative analysis of CDR3 repertoire with stringent error correction. We found 37 V and 11 J genes that were orthologous to mice genes. A conservative, lower bound estimation of the TCRβ repertoire was 1.7–2.3×105clonotypes, and the degree of sharing of the observed repertoire between any two individuals was 3.6% of nucleotide sequences and 14.3% of amino acid sequences. Our work adds a crucial element to the immunogenetic resources available for the bank vole, an important species in ecological and evolutionary research. The workflow that we developed can be applied for immune repertoire sequencing of non-model species, including endangered vertebrates.