bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The C‐reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio Predicts Long‐Term Outcomes in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer After Pancreatic Resection
Authors: Haruki Koichiro , Shiba Hiroaki , Shirai Yoshihiro , Horiuchi Takashi , Iwase Ryota , Fujiwara Yuki , Furukawa Kenei , Misawa Takeyuki , Yanaga Katsuhiko 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe C‐reactive protein to albumin (CRP/Alb) ratio, a novel inflammation‐based prognostic score, is associated with outcomes in septic patients. The prognostic value of CRP/Alb ratio has not been established in cancer patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the significance of CRP/Alb ratio in therapeutic outcome after pancreatic resection for pancreatic cancer.MethodsThe study comprised 113 patients who had undergone pancreatic resection for pancreatic cancer between April 2001 and December 2011. We retrospectively investigated the relation between CRP/Alb ratio and disease‐free as well as overall survival.ResultsThe optimal cut‐off level of the CRP/Alb ratio was 0.03. For disease‐free survival, preoperative biliary drainage (p = 0.011), advanced tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) classification (p = 0.002), and higher CRP/Alb ratio (p = 0.049) by univariate analysis, and advanced TNM classification (p = 0.003) by multivariate analysis, were independent and significant predictors of cancer recurrence. For overall survival, preoperative biliary drainage (p = 0.012), advanced TNM classification (p = 0.001), and higher CRP/Alb ratio (p = 0.023) by univariate analysis, and advanced TNM classification (p = 0.003) and higher CRP/Alb ratio (p = 0.035) by multivariate analysis, were independent and significant predictors of poor patient outcome.ConclusionsThe CRP/Alb ratio may be an independent and significant indicator of poor long‐term outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer after pancreatic resection.
Lectura crítica de investigación en educación médica
Authors: Cobos Aguilar Héctor 
Published: March 2016

Introducción: La lectura crítica de informes de investigación médica es el sustento de la medicina basada en evidencias. Para facilitar el abordaje de los numerosos artículos publicados se han utilizado diversas guías para cada diseño que han llevado a la conformación de CONSORT, STROBE, QUÓRUM y PRISMA.
La investigación en educación médica se encuentra poco desarrollada y aunque existen diversas guías para el abordaje de los artículos publicados, su uso no se encuentra generalizado limitando así su valoración con rigor metodológico.
Se revisan brevemente los diseños de investigación educativa médica más frecuentemente abordados en nuestro medio: validación de instrumentos, intervenciones educativas y encuestas.
En cada diseño se refieren las características más relevantes que se analizan: la postura del autor, el uso de instrumentos válidos y confiables y su proceso de validación, la variable dependiente, las estrategias educativas, los estadísticos no paramétricos utilizados, los resultados y la discusión.
Se presentan sucintamente tres guías relacionadas con los diseños previamente referidos, resaltando los aspectos metodológicos referidos antes.

Comentarios: Una formación docente en los aspectos teóricos en investigación educativa es insustituible para la crítica de informes de investigación en educación médica. Sin embargo, las guías pueden apoyar inicialmente el análisis crítico de los artículos publicados.
THE RAINFALL INDEX ANNUAL FORAGE PILOT PROGRAM AS A RISK MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR COOL-SEASON FORAGE
Authors: MAPLES JOSHUA G. , BRORSEN B. WADE , BIERMACHER JON T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe recently implemented Rainfall Index Annual Forage pilot program aims to provide risk coverage for annual forage producers in select states through the use of area rainfall indices as a proxy for yield. This article utilizes unique data from a long-term study of annual ryegrass production with rainfall recorded at the site to determine whether the use of rainfall indices provides adequate coverage for annual forage growers. The rainfall index is highly correlated with actual rainfall. However, it does not provide much yield loss risk protection for our cool-season forage data.
Predominantly night-time feeding and maternal glycaemic levels during pregnancy
Authors: Loy See Ling , Cheng Tuck Seng , Colega Marjorelee T. , Cheung Yin Bun , Godfrey Keith M. , Gluckman Peter D. , Kwek Kenneth , Saw Seang Mei , Chong Yap-Seng , Padmapriya Natarajan , Müller-Riemenschneider Falk , Lek Ngee , Yap Fabian , Chong Mary Foong-Fong , Chan Jerry Kok Yen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLittle is known about the influence of meal timing and energy consumption patterns throughout the day on glucose regulation during pregnancy. We examined the association of maternal feeding patterns with glycaemic levels among lean and overweight pregnant women. In a prospective cohort study in Singapore, maternal 24-h dietary recalls, fasting glucose (FG) and 2-h postprandial glucose (2HPPG) concentrations were measured at 26–28 weeks of gestation. Women (n 985) were classified into lean (BMI<23 kg/m2) or overweight (BMI≥23 kg/m2) groups. They were further categorised as predominantly daytime (pDT) or predominantly night-time (pNT) feeders according to consumption of greater proportion of energy content from 07.00 to 18.59 hours or from 19.00 to 06.59 hours, respectively. On stratification by weight status, lean pNT feeders were found to have higher FG than lean pDT feeders (4·36 (sd 0·38) v. 4·22 (sd 0·35) mmol/l; P=0·002); however, such differences were not observed between overweight pDT and pNT feeders (4·49 (sd 0·60) v. 4·46 (sd 0·45) mmol/l; P=0·717). Using multiple linear regression with confounder adjustment, pNT feeding was associated with higher FG in the lean group (β=0·16 mmol/l; 95 % CI 0·05, 0·26; P=0·003) but not in the overweight group (β=0·02 mmol/l; 95 % CI −0·17, 0·20; P=0·879). No significant association was found between maternal feeding pattern and 2HPPG in both the lean and the overweight groups. In conclusion, pNT feeding was associated with higher FG concentration in lean but not in overweight pregnant women, suggesting that there may be an adiposity-dependent effect of maternal feeding patterns on glucose tolerance during pregnancy.
Abnormal white matter integrity as a structural endophenotype for bipolar disorder
Authors: Sarıçiçek A. , Zorlu N. , Yalın N. , Hıdıroğlu C. , Çavuşoğlu B. , Ceylan D. , Ada E. , Tunca Z. , Özerdem A. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundSeveral lines of evidence suggest that bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with white matter (WM) pathology. Investigation of unaffected first-degree relatives of BD patients may help to distinguish structural biomarkers of genetic risk without the confounding effects of burden of illness, medication or clinical state. In the present study, we applied tract-based spatial statistics to study WM changes in patients with BD, unaffected siblings and controls.MethodA total of 27 euthymic patients with BD type I, 20 unaffected siblings of bipolar patients and 29 healthy controls who did not have any current or past diagnosis of Axis I psychiatric disorders were enrolled in the study.ResultsFractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly lower in BD patients than in the control group in the corpus callosum, fornix, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, posterior thalamic radiation, cingulum, uncinate fasciculus, superior corona radiata, anterior corona radiata and left external capsule. In region-of-interest (ROI) analyses, we found that both unaffected siblings and bipolar patients had significantly reduced FA in the left posterior thalamic radiation, the left sagittal stratum, and the fornix compared with healthy controls. Average FA for unaffected siblings was intermediate between the healthy controls and bipolar patients within these ROIs.ConclusionsDecreased FA in the fornix, left posterior thalamic radiation and left sagittal stratum in both bipolar patients and unaffected siblings may represent a potential structural endophenotype or a trait-based marker for BD.
Khargāh: an inquiry into the spread of the “Turkish” trellis tent within the ʿAbbāsid world up to the Saljūq conquest (mid second/eighth–early fifth/eleventh centuries)
Authors: Durand-Guédy David 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Persian term khargāh is first attested at the beginning of the fourth/tenth century. It has often been translated as “hut” or “pavilion”, but a comprehensive overview of the historical, geographical and poetic sources points to a more precise definition. Three main conclusions can be established. First, from the beginning the term exclusively referred to the trellis tent (commonly known as yurt) first identified in a Turkic milieu in Inner Asia. Second, khargāh entered the Arabic and Persian languages through the Sāmānid court and quickly replaced the Arabic expression al-qubba al-turkiyya which was previously used to refer to this kind of tent. Third, the presence of the trellis tent in Muslim courts predates the arrival of the nomadic Saljuqs in the fifth/eleventh century. The trellis tent, associated with the cloth enclosure (or sarāparda), was already a status symbol under the Sāmānids and Būyids in the fourth/tenth century. Thus this study, which lies at the crossroads of lexicography and the history of technology, provides new elements towards a better understanding of Central Asian cultural influence on the wider ‘Abbāsid world.
Memes and the evolution of religion: We need memetics, too
Authors: Blackmore Susan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn their analysis, Norenzayan et al. completely ignore memetics, which, unlike other theories, treats memes as replicators and looks to memetic as well as genetic advantage. Now that memes are evolving ever faster, genetic advantage is less relevant. So when religious and secular values are at odds, we need a memetic analysis to understand what is going on.
Why would anyone want to believe in Big Gods?
Authors: Brazil Inti A. , Farias Miguel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe suggest an alternative explanation for the emergence of Big Gods that places less emphasis on the role of cognitive tendencies and selection of prosocial cultural variants. Instead, we argue that the fundamental motivation to reduce uncertainty and increase long-term predictability provides a better account for the rise of Big moralizing Gods in a complex and heavily regulated social environment.
Coerced coordination, not cooperation
Authors: Soler Montserrat , Lenfesty Hillary L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNorenzayan et al. propose that Big God (BG) religions are large-group cooperative enterprises that promote internal harmony and higher fertility, resulting in “mutually beneficial exchanges” for those involved. We examine the possible distributions of costs and benefits within BG religions and propose that they are, instead, successful coordinating mechanisms that rely on intragroup competition and exploitation between the classes and sexes.
Credibility, credulity, and redistribution
Authors: Viciana Hugo A. , Loverdo Claude , Gomila Antoni 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAfter raising some doubts for cultural group selection as an explanation of prosocial religiosity, we propose an alternative that views it as a “greenbeard effect.” We combine the dynamic constraints on the evolution of greenbeard effects with Iannaccone's (1994) account of strict sects. Our model shows that certain social conditions may foster credulity and prosociality.
Vocabulary development in Norwegian L1 and L2 learners in the kindergarten–school transition
Authors: KARLSEN JANNICKE , LYSTER SOLVEIG-ALMA HALAAS , LERVÅG ARNE 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study examined the vocabulary development of Norwegian second language (L2) learners with Urdu/Punjabi as their first language (L1) at two time-points from kindergarten to primary school, and compared it to the vocabulary development of monolingual Norwegian children. Using path models, the associations between number of picture books in the home, maternal education, and previous L1 and L2 vocabulary on the development of L2 vocabulary breadth and depth were investigated. The results indicate that despite the weaker vocabulary skills of the L2 sample, the growth trajectories of the L2 learners and the monolingual comparison group did not differ. For the L2 learners, we identified both concurrent and longitudinal predictors of vocabulary: the number of books in the home and the time of introduction of the L2 predicted concurrent vocabulary. L1 vocabulary, number of books in the home, and the time of introduction of the L2 predicted vocabulary growth.
Antisocial peer affiliation and externalizing disorders: Evidence for Gene × Environment × Development interaction
Authors: Samek Diana R. , Hicks Brian M. , Keyes Margaret A. , Iacono William G. , McGue Matt 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGene × Environment interaction contributes to externalizing disorders in childhood and adolescence, but little is known about whether such effects are long lasting or present in adulthood. We examined gene–environment interplay in the concurrent and prospective associations between antisocial peer affiliation and externalizing disorders (antisocial behavior and substance use disorders) at ages 17, 20, 24, and 29. The sample included 1,382 same-sex twin pairs participating in the Minnesota Twin Family Study. We detected a Gene × Environment interaction at age 17, such that additive genetic influences on antisocial behavior and substance use disorders were greater in the context of greater antisocial peer affiliation. This Gene × Environment interaction was not present for antisocial behavior symptoms after age 17, but it was for substance use disorder symptoms through age 29 (though effect sizes were largest at age 17). The results suggest adolescence is a critical period for the development of externalizing disorders wherein exposure to greater environmental adversity is associated with a greater expression of genetic risk. This form of Gene × Environment interaction may persist through young adulthood for substance use disorders, but it appears to be limited to adolescence for antisocial behavior.
Swift monitoring and Suzaku spectroscopy of the γ-ray detected narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy 1H 0323+342
Authors: Yao S. , Yuan W. , Komossa S. , Grupe D. , Fuhrmann L. , Liu B. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract1H 0323+342 is one of the rare γ-ray detected narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s), a special subset of active galactic nuclei (AGN) owing to their hybrid behavior of both NLS1s and blazars. The rarity of such kind of sources makes their properties far from being understood. We analyze simultaneous X-ray and UV/optical monitoring observations of 1H 0323+342 performed by Swift over ~7 years. The UV/X-ray correlation and the broad band SED reveal that the X-ray band is dominated by the disk/corona emission during the observations. The large normalized excess variance of the X-ray variability detected with Suzaku suggests a relatively small black hole mass of the order of 107M⊙, consistent with the estimation based on the broad Hβ line in the optical band.
May PKS 1155+251 be the habitat of a binary black hole?
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Liu Xiang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractClose binary black holes (BBH) are important not only in astrophysics but they would be the strongest gravitational wave sources in the universe. Galaxy-galaxy merging systems are mostly found in optical and X-ray images. In radio, however, the VLBI can resolve the close binary system at pc scale, if their nuclei are radio loud. Recently we analyzed the archive VLBI data of PKS 1155+251, it shows twin core-jets like VLBI structure. In this poster, we present preliminary result from analyzing of the archive data. Further investigations with high frequency VLBI observations are required to confirm if it is a true BBH system.
Resonant motions of supermassive black hole triples
Authors: Hao Wei , Spurzem Rainer , Naab Thorsten , Wang Long , Kouwenhoven M. B. N. , Amaro-Seoane Pau , Mardling Rosemary A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTriple supermassive black holes (SMBH) can form during the hierarchical mergers of massive galaxies with an existing binary. Perturbations by a third black hole may accelerate the merging process of an inner binary, for example through the Kozai mechanism. We analyze the evolution of simulated hierarchical triple SMBHs in galactic centers, and find resonances in the evolution of the semi-major axis, the eccentricity and the inclination, for both the inner and the outer orbits of the triple system, which are not only Kozai like. Through resonant oscillations, SMBH can trigger a significant increase of the inner SMBH binary eccentricity shortening the merger timescale expected from gravitational wave (GW) emission. As hierarchical triple SMBHs may be frequent in massive galaxies, the influence of orbital resonances is of great importance to our understanding of black hole coalescence and gravitational wave detection. Although Kozai mechanism is believed to play an important role in this process, detailed studies on the pattern of these resonances is necessary.
Formation and evolution of nuclear star clusters
Authors: Mastrobuono-Battisti Alessandra , Perets Hagai B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNuclear stellar clusters (NSCs) are dense stellar systems known to exist at the center of most of the galaxies. Some of them host a central massive black hole (MBH). They are though to form through in-situ star formation following the infall of gas to the galactic center and/or because of the infall and merger of several stellar clusters. Here we explore the latter scenario by means of detailed self-consistent N-body simulations, proving that a NSC built by the infall and following merger of stellar clusters shows many of the observed features of the Milky Way NSC. We also explore the possibility that the infalling clusters host intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs). Once decayed to the center, the IMBHs act as massive-perturbers accelerating the relaxation of the NSC, filling the loss-cone and boosting the tidal disruption rate of stars up to a value larger than the observational estimates, therefore providing a cumulative constraint on the existence of IMBHs in NSCs. Studying how the properties of the infalling clusters map to the properties of the resulting NSC, we find that, in the IMBHs-free case, the infall mechanism is able to produce many different observational signatures in the form of age segregation.
The grey extinction curve in NGC 3603
Authors: Pang Xiaoying , Pasquali Anna , Grebel Eva K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe use photometry in the F220W, F250W, F330W, F435W filters from the High Resolution Channel of the Advanced Camera for Surveys and photometry in the F555W, F675W, and F814W filters from the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 aboard the Hubble Space Telescope to derive individual stellar reddenings and extinctions for member stars in the HD 97950 cluster in the giant H ii region NGC 3603. Within the standard deviation associated with E(λ−F555W)/E(F435W−F555W) in each filter, the cluster extinction curve at ultraviolet wavelengths tends to be greyer than the average Galactic extinction laws from Cardelli et al. (1989) and Fitzpatrick et al. (1999). It is closer to the extinction law derived by Calzetti et al. (2000) for starburst galaxies, where the 0.2175 μm bump is absent.
Unterschiede im verbalen Lernen und Gedächtnis zwischen (teil–)remittierten Patienten mit depressiver Episode und Schizophrenie
Authors: Listunova Lena , Bartolovic Marina , Weisbrod Matthias , Roesch-Ely Daniela 
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung. Die Studie untersuchte den Unterschied zwischen (teil–)remittierten Patienten mit einer nicht psychotischen depressiven Episode (N = 65) oder Schizophrenie (N = 76) in ihrer Leistung beim Lernen und Gedächtnis von kontextabhängigen (gemessen mittels des Untertests „Logisches Gedächtnis“ aus dem WMS-R) versus kontextunabhängigen (gemessen mittels VLMT) Wortmaterial. Schizophrenie-Patienten zeigten eine signifikant schlechtere Leistung als depressive Patienten im Abruf von kontextabhängigem Wortmaterial sowie beim kontextunabhängigen Wortmaterial in den meisten Gedächtnisparametern, ausgenommen die unmittelbare Merkspanne (Supraspanne). Explorative Analysen der Prozentränge und T-Werte deuteten außerdem darauf hin, dass die Supraspanne auch im Vergleich zur gesunden Bevölkerung in beiden Patientengruppen nicht beeinträchtigt zu sein scheint. Darüber hinaus zeigen Patienten mit einer depressiven Episode beim verzögerten Abruf (VLMT und WMS-R) Defizite. Die praktischen Implikationen werden näher diskutiert.
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) und Gehirnerschütterungen im Sport
Authors: Koch Joachim 
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung. Gehirnerschütterungen stellen einen bedeutenden Gesundheitsfaktor dar. Ein sehr häufiger Grund von mTBI sind Kollisionen und Stürze mit dem Motorrad ( Cassidy et al., 2004 ). Wenn Helme getragen werden, können bis zu 50 Prozent der mTBI Verletzungen verhindert werden. Die Benutzung eines Helms hat auch eine sehr positive Auswirkung auf den Verlauf von Unfällen mit dem Fahrrad. In dieser zusammenfassenden Arbeit ging es um MTBI hauptsächlich im Sportbereich, weniger im Bereich der Traumen z. B. nach Autounfällen oder als Folge und im Rahmen von Kriegsereignissen, in der noch andere Dynamiken vorherrschen. Viele Details sind noch unklar, es gibt widersprüchliche Befunde über das Ausmaß und die Entwicklung der Defizite.
Kognitive Kompetenzen und Sprachentwicklung bei Kindern im Alter zwischen vier und fünf Jahren
Authors: Melzer Jessica , Rißling Julia-Katharina , Petermann Franz 
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es den Zusammenhang von verschiedenen kognitiven Basiskompetenzen und sprachlichen Fähigkeiten bei Vorschülern zu untersuchen. Verglichen werden die kognitiven Kompetenzen von Kindern mit niedrigen Leistungen im Wortschatz und/oder in der Grammatik (n = 69) und einer sprachlich unbeeinträchtigten Vergleichsgruppe (n = 69). Weiter wird eine multiple hierarchische Regressionsanalyse gerechnet um die Bedeutung von kognitiven Basiskompetenzen für die Pragmatik zu untersuchen. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass die Vergleichsgruppe über bessere kognitive Fähigkeiten verfügt als die Risikogruppe, insbesondere in der Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit. Im Bereich Pragmatik konnte das Arbeitsgedächtnis als wichtiger Prädiktor identifiziert werden. Anhand der Analysen wird deutlich, dass kognitive Basiskompetenzen für verschiedene sprachliche Bereiche von Bedeutung sind.