bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROTECTED-UK – Clinical pharmacist interventions in the UK critical care unit: exploration of relationship between intervention, service characteristics and experience level
Authors: Rudall Nicola , McKenzie Catherine , Landa June , Bourne Richard S , Bates Ian , Shulman Rob 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Purpose
Clinical pharmacist (CP) interventions from the PROTECTED-UK cohort, a multi-site critical care interventions study, were further analysed to assess effects of: time on critical care, number of interventions, CP expertise and days of week, on impact of intervention and ultimately contribution to patient care.

Methods
Intervention data were collected from 21 adult critical care units over 14 days. Interventions could be error, optimisation or consults, and were blind-coded to ensure consistency, prior to bivariate analysis. Pharmacy service demographics were further collated by investigator survey.

Key findings
Of the 20 758 prescriptions reviewed, 3375 interventions were made (intervention rate 16.1%). CPs spent 3.5 h per day (mean, ±SD 1.7) on direct patient care, reviewed 10.3 patients per day (±SD 4.2) and required 22.5 min (±SD 9.5) per review. Intervention rate had a moderate inverse correlation with the time the pharmacist spent on critical care (P = 0.05; r = 0.4). Optimisation rate had a strong inverse association with total number of prescriptions reviewed per day (P = 0.001; r = 0.7). A consultant CP had a moderate inverse correlation with number of errors identified (P = 0.008; r = 0.6). No correlation existed between the presence of electronic prescribing in critical care and any intervention rate. Few centres provided weekend services, although the intervention rate was significantly higher on weekends than weekdays.

Conclusions
A CP is essential for safe and optimised patient medication therapy; an extended and developed pharmacy service is expected to reduce errors. CP services should be adequately staffed to enable adequate time for prescription review and maximal therapy optimisation.
Study of intra‐racial exclusion within Australian Indigenous communities using eco‐maps
Authors: Doyle Kerrie , Hungerford Catherine , Cleary Michelle 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn Australia, ‘indigeneity’ is not determined by skin colour, but rather by a person's heritage, acceptance by an indigenous community, and active participation in the affairs of that indigenous community. Some people who identify as indigenous, however, have experienced ‘colourism’ – that is, experiences of social exclusion because of the colour of their skin – from non‐Indigenous and also Indigenous Australians. This paper describes research that explored the effect of intra‐racial exclusion on the mental health and wellbeing of Indigenous Australians, with a particular focus on skin colour or ‘manifest indigeneity’. Framed within a qualitative design, an eco‐map was used to guide in‐depth interviews with 32 participants that gave rise to personal stories that described the distress of experiencing intra‐racial colourism. Findings were derived from a thematic analysis that identified four major themes: ‘Growing up black’, ‘Living on black country’, ‘Looking black’, and ‘Fitting in black’. These findings are important because they suggest a way forward for mental health nurses to better understand and support the mental health and wellbeing of Indigenous Australians who have experienced social exclusion as a result of colourism.
Factors associated with psychotic relapse in patients with schizophrenia in a Pakistani cohort
Authors: Ahmad Irshad , Khalily Muhammad Tahir , Hallahan Brian , Shah Inayat 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDespite a large body of research evaluating factors associated with the relapse of psychosis in schizophrenia, no studies in Pakistan have been undertaken to date to identify any such factors, including specific cultural factors pertinent to Pakistan. Semistructured interviews and psychometric measures were undertaken with 60 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (49 male and 11 female) and their caregivers at four psychiatric hospitals in the Peshawar region in Pakistan. Factors significantly associated with psychotic relapse included treatment non‐adherence, comorbid active psychiatric illnesses, poor social support, and high expressed emotion in living environments (P < 0.05). The attribution of symptoms to social and cultural values (97%) and a poor knowledge of psychosis by family members (88%) was also prevalent. In addition to many well‐documented factors associated with psychotic relapse, beliefs in social and cultural myths and values were found to be an important, and perhaps treatable, factor associated with relapse of psychosis in Pakistan. The provision of evidence‐based psychotherapeutic interventions, such as behaviour and family therapy and cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis, could potentially ameliorate the relapse rate of psychosis in Pakistan.
Young Children as Curators
Authors: Hope Alice 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLiterature that addresses young children's learning in galleries and museums typically concentrates on what is already offered and discusses what has proven to be effective, or not, in accommodating their needs. This article offers insight into how objects can be explored with early years children at school, to create greater understanding of galleries, museums and their collections. I argue that through an exploration of curation as a meaning making process, children transfer experiences to make meaning in other contexts that place high value on learning in and through art and artefacts. I present a case study carried out in a Tower Hamlets primary school where children, aged 4–5, were invited to collect and display objects in a role‐play ‘museum’, with the aim of presenting artefacts typically used in their classroom. They were encouraged to make new meaning from familiar objects through a curatorial process involving creative display and role play. This project enabled young children to address their own ‘heritage’ rather than the more typical situation in which children are taken to museums in order to learn about that of others. The findings of this study highlight values that young children place upon museums, emphasising the need for greater interaction and play when engaging with objects in educational contexts. When young children are allowed to assign their own meaning to objects by transforming their purpose, they are more likely to develop an understanding of the intentions of museums and develop more curiosity towards the curatorial decisions made by others.
A mixed‐methods systematic review of the effects of mindfulness on nurses
Authors: Guillaumie Laurence , Boiral Olivier , Champagne Julie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimTo review the effects of mindfulness‐based interventions on Registered Nurses and nursing students.BackgroundWork‐related stress among nurses is estimated to be the biggest occupational health problem after musculoskeletal disorders.DesignA mixed‐method systematic review incorporating quantitative and qualitative data was conducted.Data sourcesStudies on the effects of mindfulness‐based interventions for nurses and nursing students published between 1980 and 2014 were identified through a systematic search in electronic databases: Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Cinahl.Review methodsData analysis was conducted based on the framework of Thomas and Harden (2004).ResultsA total of 32 studies, including 17 controlled designs, 11 pre–post designs and four qualitative designs were reviewed. Meta‐analysis suggests that mindfulness‐based interventions may be effective in significantly reducing state anxiety and depression at posttreatment and state anxiety and trait anxiety at follow‐up. Qualitative studies and uncontrolled studies shed light on benefits overlooked in RCTs, including improvements in the well‐being of individuals (e.g. inner state of calmness, awareness and enthusiasm) and improved performance at work (better communication with colleagues and patients, higher sensitivity to patients’ experiences, clearer analysis of complex situations and emotional regulation in stressful contexts).ConclusionsMindfulness appeared to improve nurses’ mental health significantly. It could be used in worksite health promotion programmes. Only a few studies have explored the impact of mindfulness on nurses’ professional behaviours and their relationships with patients and colleagues. Future research should further explore the long‐term impacts of mindfulness on performance and well‐being at work using sound methodological designs.
Parent‐Related Stress of Male and Female Carers of Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities and Carers of Children within the General Population: A Cross‐Sectional Comparison
Authors: Patton Kiri A. , Ware Robert , McPherson Lyn , Emerson Eric , Lennox Nicholas 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundCarers of children with intellectual disability show high rates of parent‐related stress and are at an increased risk for deleterious physical and mental health.Materials and MethodsThis study investigated the relationship between demographic and social characteristics and parenting stress, within two different cross‐sectional samples of carers: those who care for an adolescent with an intellectual disability and carers from a population based sample. Participants were 1152 carers from the Household Income and Labour Dynamic in Australia study and 284 carers of adolescents with intellectual disabilities from the Ask study.Results and ConclusionsThe results supported previous research suggesting carers of children with intellectual disabilities experience high parent‐related stress. The results also support the buffer model of social support, as high social support was related to lower parent‐related stress. Self‐rated prosperity, financial pressure and relationship status were also related to lower levels of parent‐related stress.
Marine island biogeography. Response to comment on ‘Island biogeography: patterns of marine shallow‐water organisms’
Authors: Hachich Nayara F. , Bonsall Michael B. , Arraut Eduardo M. , Barneche Diego R. , Lewinsohn Thomas M. , Floeter Sergio R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this response we have incorporated data on gastropod and seaweed biodiversity referred to by Ávila et al. (2016, Journal of Biogeography, doi:10.1111/jbi.12816) to allow an updated analysis on marine shallow‐water biogeography patterns. When compared to the biogeography patterns reported in Hachich et al. (2015, Journal of Biogeography, 42, 1871–1882), we find (1) no differences in the patterns originally reported for reef fish or seaweeds, (2) minor differences in gastropod species–area and species–age patterns and (3) a significant difference for the gastropod species‐isolation pattern. In our original work, we reported that there was limited evidence that gastropod species richness was influenced by island isolation; however, our new analysis reveals a power‐model relationship between these variables. Thus, we are now able to conclude that gastropod species diversity, whose dispersal capacity is intermediate between seaweeds (lowest) and reef fish (highest), is also influenced by island isolation.
Phylogeographical insight into the Aleutian flora inferred from the historical range shifts of the alpine shrub Therorhodion camtschaticum (Pall.) Small (Ericaceae)
Authors: Hata Daijiro , Higashi Hiroyuki , Yakubov Valentin , Barkalov Vyacheslav , Ikeda Hajime , Setoguchi Hiroaki 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThe Aleutian Islands, one of the southern margins of Beringia, were covered with ice caps during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Although insular refugia for animal species have been hypothesized in this region, phylogeographical studies have never explored the biogeographical history of plant species. We aim to assess the population history of the flora of the Aleutian Islands and its biogeographical relevance to East Asia.LocationThe Aleutian Islands, Kamchatka, the Japanese Archipelago.MethodsWe sequenced seven nuclear loci from the alpine shrub Therorhodion camtschaticum (Pall.) Small (Ericaceae) and elucidated the geographical distribution of genetic variation. The divergence history among populations from the Aleutian Islands, Kamchatka and northern Japan was inferred by analyses based on coalescent simulations.ResultsPopulations were genetically distinct between northern Japan and Beringia. In spite of the genetic differentiation, the divergence between Beringia and northern Japan occurred during or after the last glacial period [maximum‐likelihood estimates (MLEs) = 10.6–15.5 ka with 95% highest posterior densities (HPDs): 1.7–43.5 ka]. The latter region has a larger population size than the former region. In contrast, widespread genetic similarity was revealed among the geographically separated populations in the Aleutian Islands and southern Kamchatka. Among these populations, a model assuming population decline fits better than a model that assumes either constant population size or population growth.Main conclusionsOur study suggests that insular refugia were unlikely for T. camtschaticum in the Aleutian Islands. Instead, T. camtschaticum may have had a wider range during LGM, encompassing both the Aleutian Islands and southern Kamchatka, or have colonized the Aleutian Islands from a LGM refugium that was the source of colonization into southern Kamchatka as well or encompassed the latter region. Our study provides novel insight into the biogeographical history of terrestrial biota in the Aleutian Islands.
European Military Capabilities: Enablers and Constraints on EU Power?
Authors: Schilde Kaija 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHow should we understand the role of the EU in the world – and its relational power vis‐à‐vis other international actors? And to what degree is the Russia–Ukraine crisis a critical juncture in EU power dynamics over time? This contribution to this Special Issue evaluates EU power through the lens of material power and capabilities, and analyzes patterns and changes in material capabilities as indicators of threat and strategic assessments. The findings demonstrate the Russia–Ukraine crisis as one critical juncture in the weight and means of EU military power/capabilities, representing a partial but significant shift away from the overall national tendencies of reducing military spending across Europe, and the decade‐long trends of strategic goals towards mobilizing EU military power outside of Europe. It also marks a deepening of strategic divergences across the EU regarding national clusters of capability development.
Increased mitochondrial fusion in a autosomal recessive CMT2A family with mitochondrial GTPase mitofusin 2 mutations
Authors: Codron Philippe , Chevrollier Arnaud , Kane Mariame S. , Echaniz‐Laguna Andoni , Latour Philippe , Reynier Pascal , Bonneau Dominique , Verny Christophe , Procaccio Vincent , Lenaers Guy , Cassereau Julien 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCharcot‐Marie‐Tooth type 2A disease (CMT2A) is an inherited peripheral neuropathy mainly caused by mutations in the MFN2 gene coding for the mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin 2. Although the disease is mainly inherited in a dominant fashion, few cases of early‐onset autosomal recessive CMT2A (AR‐CMT2A) have been reported in recent years. In this study, we characterized the structure of the mitochondrial network in cultured primary fibroblasts obtained from AR‐CMT2A family members. The patient‐derived cells showed an increase of the mitochondrial fusion with large connected networks and an increase of the mitochondrial volume. Interestingly, fibroblasts derived from the two asymptomatic parents showed similar changes to a lesser extent. These results support the hypothesis that AR‐CMT2A‐related MFN2 mutations acts through a semi‐dominant negative mechanism and suggest that other biological parameters might show mild alterations in asymptomatic heterozygote AR‐CMT2A patients. Such alterations could be useful biomarkers helping to distinguish MFN2 mutations from variants, a growing challenge with the advent of next generation sequencing into routine clinical practice.
Study of Predatory Open Access Nursing Journals
Authors: Oermann Marilyn H. , Conklin Jamie L. , Nicoll Leslie H. , Chinn Peggy L. , Ashton Kathleen S. , Edie Alison H. , Amarasekara Sathya , Budinger Susan C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify predatory journals in nursing, describe their characteristics and editorial standards, and document experiences of authors, peer reviewers, and editors affiliated with these journals.DesignUsing two sources that list predatory journals, the research team created a list of nursing journals. In Phase One, the team collected data on characteristics of predatory nursing journals such as types of articles published, article processing charge, and peer review process. In Phase Two, the team surveyed a sample of authors, reviewers, and editors to learn more about their experiences with their affiliated journals.MethodsData from the review of predatory nursing journals were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Written comments were summarized and categorized.FindingsThere were 140 predatory nursing journals from 75 publishers. Most journals were new, having been inaugurated in the past 1 to 2 years. One important finding was that many journals only published one or two volumes and then either ceased publishing or published fewer issues and articles after the first volume. Journal content varied widely, and some journals published content from dentistry and medicine, as well as nursing. Qualitative findings from the surveys confirmed previously published anecdotal evidence, including authors selecting journals based on spam emails and inability to halt publication of a manuscript, despite authors’ requests to do so.ConclusionsPredatory journals exist in nursing and bring with them many of the “red flags” that have been noted in the literature, including lack of transparency about editorial processes and misleading information promoted on websites. The number of journals is high enough to warrant concern in the discipline about erosion of our scholarly literature.Clinical RelevanceNurses rely on the published literature to provide evidence for high‐quality, safe care that promotes optimal patient outcomes. Research published in journals that do not adhere to the highest standards of publishing excellence have the potential to compromise nursing scholarship and is an area of concern.
What is the existing evidence supporting the efficacy of compression bandage systems containing both elastic and inelastic components (mixed‐component systems)? A systematic review
Authors: Welsh Lynn 
Published: October 2016

Aims and objectivesTo analyse current evidence on the efficacy of bandage systems containing both elastic and inelastic components (mixed‐component systems).BackgroundInternational consensus on the efficacy of types of compression systems is difficult to achieve; however, mixed‐component systems are being promoted as combining the best properties of both elastic and inelastic bandage systems and increasingly being used to treat venous leg ulcers in practice.DesignA systematic literature review.MethodsSearch terms such as venous leg ulcer, varicose ulcer, leg ulcer, compression, bandage, elastic, inelastic, short stretch, healing rate, interface pressure, mixed component, two‐layer, four‐layer and multi‐layer were used in database and hand searches in several combinations. Limits were set for years 2005–March 2015 and English‐language publications.ResultsA total of 475 studies were identified at initial search, and following elimination from abstract and title, this was reduced to 7. A further study was identified on Google Scholar, bringing the final number of studies fitting inclusion criteria to 8. The following subgroups relating to outcomes of efficacy were identified: ulcer healing, maintenance of interface pressure, slippage, ease of application and patient quality of life.ConclusionsMixed‐component systems were found to have comparable ulcer healing rates to alternative compression systems and be easy to apply; have similar abilities to maintain pressure as four‐layer bandages and better abilities than short‐stretch bandages; have less slippage than alternative systems; and to be significantly associated with several favourable quality of life outcomes. Clinician skill in bandage application was an uncontrolled variable in all eight papers included in the review, which may limit reliability of findings.Relevance to clinical practiceThis review synthesises existing evidence on the efficacy of mixed‐component systems and encourages clinicians to regard them as an effective alternative to purely elastic or inelastic compression systems. Additionally, it highlights the importance of clinician skill in bandage application as a crucial determinant of effective compression.
Patient perspectives on answering questions about sexual orientation and gender identity: an integrative review
Authors: Bjarnadottir Ragnhildur I , Bockting Walter , Dowding Dawn W 
Published: October 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine patients’ perceptions of being asked about their sexual orientation and gender identity in the healthcare setting.BackgroundHealth disparities exist in the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender population, but further research is needed to better understand these disparities. To address this issue, experts recommend the routine collection of sexual orientation and gender identity data in health care. Nurses on the front line of patient care play a key role in the collection of these data. However, to enable nurses to conduct such assessments it is important to understand the perspective of the patients on being asked about their sexual orientation and gender identity in a healthcare setting.DesignAn integrative review was conducted using the methodology proposed by Whittemore and Knafl (Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2005, 52, 546).MethodsSix electronic databases were searched, and two reviewers independently reviewed papers for inclusion. Papers were included if they were empirical studies, peer‐reviewed papers or reports, assessing patient perspectives on discussing sexual orientation and gender identity in the healthcare setting.ResultsTwenty‐one relevant studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified. A majority of the studies indicated patients’ willingness to respond to, and a perceived importance of, questions about sexual orientation and gender identity. However, fears of homophobia and negative consequences hindered willingness to disclose this information.ConclusionsThis review indicates that in most cases patients are willing to answer routine questions about their sexual orientation in the healthcare setting and perceive them as important questions to ask.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings of this review have implications for nurses looking to incorporate questions about sexual orientation into their routine patient assessment. The findings indicate that care providers need to be mindful of heteronormative assumptions and take steps to ensure they are knowledgeable about lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender health.