bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival and Growth Improvement of Palm Ruff, Seriolella violacea, Larvae Fed Artemia Nauplii Enriched with an Experimental Emulsion
Authors: González Adens , Silva Alfonso , Gajardo Gonzalo , Martínez Claudio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe palm ruff, Seriolella violacea (Cojinoba), is a potential new species for Chilean aquaculture. To approach Cojinoba larviculture, an experimental Artemia enrichment emulsion, containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) = 2.5, supplemented with vitamin E, astaxanthin, and β‐glucan, was evaluated in both Artemia and Cojinoba larvae, 30–50 d.a.h. This study tested an experimental enrichment emulsion versus a commercial emulsion, with an integral approach of multicompound emulsions. After 23 h enrichment, experimental emulsion (EE)‐enriched nauplii reached DHA and EPA concentrations of 23.8 and 18.7 mg/g dry weight (dwt), respectively, while in Cojinoba larvae they were 18.4 and 19.7 mg/g dwt. Control emulsion (CE)‐enriched nauplii exhibited lower DHA and EPA (6.1 and 7.7 mg/g dwt), while only DHA decreased in the control larvae (12.6 mg/g dwt). Vitamin E was higher in EE‐enriched nauplii (29.2 mg/100 g dwt) than in the control (8.4 mg/100 g dwt). Larvae fed EE‐enriched Artemia exhibited 8% increase in survival and 19% in growth compared with the control. Astaxanthin was detected only in larvae fed EE‐enriched nauplii. The tumor necrosis factor‐α concentration was not significantly different between larvae fed EE‐ and CE‐enriched nauplii. EE looks promising as an Artemia enrichment and experimental diet to assess palm ruff larval requirements, and has a positive impact on fish larvae performance.
Growth and Survival of Juvenile Freshwater Mussel, Chamberlainia hainesiana (Lea, 1856), at Three Densities in the Natural Reservoir and River Environments, Thailand
Authors: Kovitvadhi Uthaiwan , Kovitvadhi Satit , Meejui Oamduen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe effects of location and density on the growth and survival of juvenile freshwater pearl mussel, Chamberlainia hainesiana, 150–360 d after metamorphosis were investigated to determine the optimal ranges for commercial farming in Thailand. Juveniles were reared outdoors in two locations (the Mae Klong Reservoir and the Khwae Yai River, Kanchanaburi Province). Three density levels (25, 50, and 100 mussels/basket) were established at each location, with three replicates per density level. Phytoplankton from the water column in the natural habitats served as feed; no supplemental feed was provided. The mussels cultured in the reservoir had significantly higher growth rates than those cultured in the river (P < 0.01). The density level of 25 mussels/basket exhibited the highest average growth rates (in weight, length, height, and width per day). The density levels of 25 and 50 mussels/basket did not show significant differences in growth from each other (P > 0.05), but both showed significant differences in growth from the density level of 100 mussels/basket (P < 0.01).
Chinese Economic Statecraft and U.S. Hegemony in Latin America: An Empirical Analysis, 2003–2014
Authors: Urdinez Francisco , Mouron Fernando , Schenoni Luis L. , de Oliveira Amâncio J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIf one interprets China's sizable rise in Latin America as an unprecedented phenomenon, it follows that the concurrent story of declining U.S. influence in the region is an event hastily acknowledged at best and ignored at worst. In this article, we ask whether Chinese economic statecraft in Latin America is related to the declining U.S. hegemonic influence in the region and explore how. To do so we analyze foreign direct investments, bank loans, and international trade from 2003 to 2014, when China became a major player in the region. We use data from 21 Latin American countries, and find that an inversely proportional relationship exists between the investments made by Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs), bank loans, manufacturing exports, and the U.S. hegemonic influence exerted in the region. In other words, Beijing has filled the void left by a diminished U.S. presence in the latter's own backyard.
Chile's 2015 Electoral Reform: Changing the Rules of the Game
Authors: Gamboa Ricardo , Morales Mauricio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn 2015, a center-left government introduced an electoral reform that replaced the binomial electoral system governing parliamentary elections since 1989 with a more proportional system. This article provides an account of the reform process, describes the new electoral law, and discusses the factors explaining the reform. We argue, first, that it was possible, due to the incentives the government provided, to secure the support of an ample majority of parliamentarians; also, a new and favorable political scenario had emerged, in which the support of the main right-wing parties was not necessary for the reform to pass. Second, we maintain that the reform sought mainly to resolve problems affecting the parties of the governing coalition related to negotiations of coalition lists for elections. As a complementary objective, the reform promoted a general interest by establishing rules that allowed a “fairer” system of representation and improved competitive conditions.
Biliary diseases as main causes of pyogenic liver abscess caused by extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Shi Shao‐Hua , Feng Xiao‐Ning , Lai Ming‐Chun , Kong Hai‐Shen , Zheng Shu‐Sen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsLittle is known about aetiology and morbidity and clinical characteristics of pyogenic liver abscess caused by extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae.MethodsAn analysis between pyogenic liver abscess patients caused by extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates and those caused by non‐extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae was performed.ResultsAmong 817 pyogenic liver abscess patients, there were 176 patients (21.5%) with pyogenic liver abscess of biliary origin, and 67 pyogenic liver abscess patients (8.2%) caused by extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates (mainly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Of 176 pyogenic liver abscess patients related to biliary disorders, there were 48 pyogenic liver abscess patients (27.3%) caused by extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae. Within 67 pyogenic liver abscess patients caused by Enterobacteriaceae expressing extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamases, the occurrences of 48 pyogenic liver abscess patients (71.6%) were associated with biliary disorders. When compared with pyogenic liver abscess patients caused by non‐extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae, there were significantly greater incidences of polymicrobial infections, bacteremia, pulmonary infection, recurrence and death in pyogenic liver abscess patients caused by extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae. Carbapenems remain mainstay drugs against extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Independent risk factors for occurrence of pyogenic liver abscess caused by extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae were biliary disorders including extra‐ and intrahepatic cholangiolithiasis and an abnormal bilioenteric communication between bile and gut, a treatment history of malignancy such as operation and chemotherapy, pulmonary infection, and diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsPyogenic liver abscess caused by extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates mainly occurs in patients with biliary disorders or with a treatment history of malignancy. The mainstay of treatment remains carbapenems in combination with adequate aspiration or drainage.
Strontium and neodymium isotope systematics of target rocks and impactites from the El'gygytgyn impact structure: Linking impactites and target rocks
Authors: Wegner Wencke , Koeberl Christian 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe 3.6 Ma El'gygytgyn structure, located in northeastern Russia on the Chukotka Peninsula, is an 18 km diameter complex impact structure. The bedrock is formed by mostly high‐silica volcanic rocks of the ~87 Ma old Okhotsk‐Chukotka Volcanic Belt (OCVB). Volcanic target rocks and impact glasses collected on the surface, as well as drill core samples of bedrock and impact breccias have been investigated by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) to obtain new insights into the relationships between these lithologies in terms of Nd and Sr isotope systematics. Major and trace element data for impact glasses are added to compare with the composition of target rocks and drill core samples. Sr isotope data are useful tracers of alteration processes and Nd isotopes reveal characteristics of the magmatic sources of the target rocks, impact breccias, and impact glasses. There are three types of target rocks mapped on the surface: mafic volcanics, dacitic tuff and lava of the Koekvun’ Formation, and dacitic to rhyolitic ignimbrite of the Pykarvaam Formation. The latter represents the main contributor to the impact rocks. The drill core is divided into a suevite and a bedrock section by the Sr isotope data, for which different postimpact alteration regimes have been detected. Impact glasses from the present‐day surface did not suffer postimpact hydrothermal alteration and their data indicate a coherent alteration trend in terms of Sr isotopes with the target rocks from the surface. Surprisingly, the target rocks do not show isotopic coherence with the Central Chukotka segment of the OCVB or with the Berlozhya magmatic assemblage (BMA), a late Jurassic felsic volcanic suite that crops out in the eastern part of the central Chukotka segment of the OCVB. However, concordance for these rocks exists with the Okhotsk segment of the OCVB. This finding argues for variable source magmas having contributed to the build‐up of the OCVB.
Volume marker inaccuracies: A cross‐sectional survey of infant feeding bottles
Authors: Gribble Karleen , Berry Nina , Kerac Marko , Challinor Michelle 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA cross‐sectional examination of the accuracy of volume markers on infant feeding bottles available for sale in Australia between December 2013 and February 2014 was carried out. Ninety‐one bottles representing 28 different brands were examined. Eighty‐eight bottles were hard sided. Volumes in these bottles were marked in a combination of milliliters and ounces. Thirty‐six (41%) bottles claimed compliance with the European standard EN14350, five (6%) with non‐existent Australian standards, and forty‐seven (54%) bottles had no standard claim. Nineteen bottles (22%) had at least one measured marking outside the tolerance of EN14350. Bottles claiming compliance with EN14350 were not less likely to have inaccurate markings than those that made no claim. More expensive bottles did not have fewer inaccurate markings. Three bottles were disposable liner systems and had particularly large volume inaccuracies (up to 43% outside the marked volume). Inaccurate volume markers on infant feeding bottles are a previously neglected but potentially important source of error in the reconstitution of infant formula. Over‐concentrated and under‐concentrated infant formula can cause serious illness or malnutrition. Over‐concentrated infant formula may contribute to obesity. Bottles with inaccurate volume markers are unfit for purpose; disposable liner bottles are particularly poor in this regard and should be prohibited from having volume markers on the bottle casing. To avoid individual or public harms, well‐enforced standards are needed. Guidance for parents, carers, and health professionals is needed to ensure that infant formula is accurately reconstituted.
Screening for late‐onset Pompe disease in undiagnosed myopathies
Authors: Matsui Misa , Inoue Kimiko , Sakoda Saburo , Matsumura Tsuyoshi , Hamazaki Takashi , Kosuga Motomichi , Okuyama Torayuki , Shimada Yohta , Ohashi Toya , Nishino Ichizo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundPompe disease is caused by a deficiency of acid alpha‐glucosidase. Its prevalence varies depending on ethnicity, and is less prevalent in Japan as compared with other countries. Because of the wide spectrum of clinical features in late‐onset cases, some patients might be misdiagnosed with another myopathy, thus the actual prevalence in Japan might not be accurately reported.AimTo clarify the actual prevalence of late‐onset Pompe disease, we investigated acid alpha‐glucosidase activity in patients with undiagnosed myopathies.MethodsOf 42 patients with undiagnosed myopathies, 41 underwent assessment of acid alpha‐glucosidase enzyme activity using dried blood spot analysis. As a second step, reassessment of acid alpha‐glucosidase activity was carried out using cultured skin fibroblasts. We also determined acid alpha‐glucosidase activity in biopsied muscle tissue obtained from the one other patient, who had previously undergone a muscle biopsy. Finally, gene analysis was carried out to confirm diagnosis.ResultsFour patients showed reduced acid alpha‐glucosidase activity in dried blood spot findings, of whom one possessed a pseudo‐deficiency allele. Furthermore, one patient who showed reduced acid alpha‐glucosidase activity in a biopsied muscle specimen was diagnosed with late‐onset Pompe disease based on gene analysis.ConclusionsOf the present 42 patients, only one patient was diagnosed with late‐onset Pompe disease. The prevalence of Pompe disease in Japan does not seem to be as high as in other countries, though a certain number of patients might exist among those with undiagnosed myopathies. A larger and more systematic survey is necessary to elucidate the actual prevalence of late‐onset Pompe disease in Japan.
TRPA1 receptor is upregulated in human oral lichen planus
Authors: Kun J , Perkecz A , Knie L , Sétáló G , Tornóczki T , Pintér E , Bán Á 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology with antigen‐specific and non‐specific mechanisms. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a non‐selective cation channel activated by noxious stimuli such as oxidative stress products evoking pain and release of proinflammatory mediators from sensory nerve endings culminating in neurogenic inflammation. Extraneuronal TRPA1s, for example, on immune cells possess yet unknown functions.Subjects and MethodsWe studied the buccal mRNA expression (qPCR) and protein localization (immunohistochemistry) of TRPA1 receptors and key OLP mediator transcripts in oral mucosa samples of healthy volunteers (n = 9), OLP patients (n = 43), and OLP‐like hyperkeratotic patients (n = 12).ResultsWe measured 27.7‐ and 25.5‐fold TRPA1 mRNA increase in OLP and OLP‐like hyperkeratotic patients compared to healthy controls. TRPA1 transcripts elevated 2.4‐fold in hypertensive OLP but not in hyperkeratotic patients compared to counterparts, reduced by 1.6‐fold by angiotensin‐convertase inhibitor intake. TRPA1 messenger RNA was more coexpressed with transcripts of tumor necrosis factor α than with interferon γ. Keratinocytes, macrophages but not T cells expressed TRPA1.ConclusionsWe provided evidence for the extraneuronal presence and upregulation of the proinflammatory TRPA1 receptor in buccal samples of patients with OLP. This may implicate the ion channel in the pathomechanism of OLP.
After‐life effects: living and dead invertebrates differentially affect plants and their associated above‐ and belowground multitrophic communities
Authors: Kos Martine , Jing Jingying , Keesmaat Ivor , Declerck Steven A. J. , Wagenaar Roel , Bezemer T. Martijn 
Published: October 2016

Above–belowground (AG–BG) studies typically focus on plant‐mediated effects inflicted by living organisms. However, animal cadavers may also play an important role in AG–BG interactions. Here, we explore whether living and dead foliar‐feeding and soil‐dwelling invertebrates differentially affect plants and their associated AG and BG multitrophic communities.In a mesocosm study we separated effects of living and dead locusts (AG herbivores) and earthworms (BG detritivores) on experimental multitrophic communities consisting of eight plant species, an AG aphid and parasitoid community and a BG nematode community. We measured root and shoot biomass and determined plant community composition and densities of aphids, parasitoids and nematodes.Living locusts decreased total shoot and root biomass in the mesocosms, whereas living earthworms enhanced total root biomass. Cadavers of both invertebrates strongly increased total root and shoot biomass, and changed the plant community composition mainly via enhanced growth of grasses. Earthworm cadavers affected plant biomass and community composition more strongly than their living counterparts, while this was reversed for locusts. Structural equation models showed that aphids and parasitoids were influenced via changes in plant community composition. Nematode densities in the soil, especially those of bacterivorous and entomopathogenic nematodes, were strongly increased by dead invertebrates, but unaffected by living ones.We conclude that effects of invertebrates on plant growth and densities of AG and BG organisms strongly depend on whether the invertebrates are dead or alive. Remarkably, invertebrate cadavers may inflict even stronger effects than their living counterparts. Hence, our study reveals an important, but often neglected, role of animal cadavers in AG–BG studies.
Immensity and Miniaturism: The Interplay of Scale and Sensory Experience in the Late Neolithic of the Maltese Islands
Authors: Gregory Isabelle Vella 
Published: October 2016

SummaryAt first glance, the Late Neolithic (3600–2500 BC) of the Maltese Island archipelago in the central Mediterranean is a landscape of immensity dominated by megalithic stone structures. To the modern viewer, the Neolithic is materialized as magnitude across time and space. Archaeologically, it is denoted as the Temple Period, after the numerous megalithic structures found across the islands of Malta, Gozo and Comino. Although these structures elicit notions of dominance, they also obscure multiple scales of materiality within and between their assemblages, particularly the not insignificant corpus of figurines and models. This paper looks at the two extreme ends of scale, immensity and miniaturism, and their role in shaping sensory experience and social relations.
X‐Ray Fluorescence and Stable Isotope Analysis of Marble in Central Lydia, Western Turkey
Authors: Sekedat Bradley M. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThis paper presents the results of carbon and oxygen stable isotope analysis on marble quarries and artefacts from central Lydia, western Turkey under the auspices of the Central Lydia Archaeological Survey (CLAS). The marble survey and sampling programme studied 11 small‐scale quarries in the hinterland of the ancient city of Sardis. These quarries demonstrate evidence of ancient tool use, though their precise periods of operation were unknown prior to this study. The results presented here correlate material from these quarries with material previously studied from Sardis and from several tumuli in the monumental cemetery known as Bin Tepe. This study demonstrates that small quarries were important components of ancient social and economic landscapes, and that they are deserving of more consideration in archaeometric and marble studies. The data also point towards different social and economic factors at work in Lydian and Roman‐period marble acquisition.
CTA Detection of Left Atrial Stasis and Thrombus in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: WANG LIN , KADIYALA MADHAVI , KOSS ELANA , YARRAMANENI ABHIMANYU , RAPELJE KATHLEEN , KAMPFER STEPHANIE , REICHEK NATHANIEL , HOCH DAVID , JAYAM VINAY , LEVINE JOSEPH , CAO JIE J. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundWe investigated computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) in assessment of left atrial appendage (LAA) stasis and thrombus in preprocedural evaluation for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation in a large community cohort.Methods and ResultsWe reviewed CTA and transesophageal echocardiographic images obtained in 861 consecutive patients with a history of AF undergoing same‐day CTA and transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) before AF ablation at a single hospital (2006–2013). CTA findings of LAA filling defects from acquisitions without electrocardiogram gating were compared to TEE features of LAA stasis (grade 0–4) and thrombus. Stasis grade 0 or 1 by TEE in the absence of thrombus was defined as a negative result. In addition, LAA peak flow velocity was assessed by TEE. Average age was 61 ± 10 years and 75% were male. On CTA, 161 patients (19%) had LAA filling defects on CTA and 21 had ≥grade 2 stasis on TEE, including two with thrombus, resulting in a positive predictive value of only 13%. However, among 670 CTA‐negative patients, 669 (99%) were negative for thrombus or stasis by TEE with one false‐negative CTA in a patient with grade 2 stasis by TEE but no thrombus, yielding a negative predictive value of 99.9%. Slow LAA Doppler flow velocity was the most important determinant of false‐positive CTA results in multivariate analysis (P < 0.0001)ConclusionLAA filling defects on CT are associated with slow LAA flow velocity. AF patients without LAA filing defects on CT are free of significant stasis and thrombus on TEE. It may be possible to eliminate TEE in up to 80% of AF ablation patients based on negative CTA findings.
Comparison of oral midazolam with intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication for children undergoing CT imaging: a randomized, double‐blind, and controlled study
Authors: Ghai Babita , Jain Kajal , Saxena Akshay Kumar , Bhatia Nidhi , Sodhi Kushaljit Singh 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackgroundChildren undergoing computerized tomography (CT) frequently require sedation to allay their anxiety, and prevent motion artifacts and stress of intravenous (IV) cannulation.AimsThe aim of this trial was to compare the effectiveness of oral midazolam and intranasal dexmedetomidine as sole premedicants in children for carrying out both IV cannulation as well as CT scanning, without the need for additional IV sedatives.MethodsFifty‐nine children, aged 1–6 years, scheduled to undergo CT imaging under sedation were randomized to receive either 0.5 mg·kg−1 oral midazolam (group M) or 2.5 mcg·kg−1 intranasal dexmedetomidine (group D). After 20–30 min, intravenous cannulation was performed and response to its placement was graded using the Groningen Distress Rating Scale (GDRS). After cannulation, children were transferred on the CT table, and assessed using the Ramsay sedation score (RSS). CT imaging was performed without any further sedative if the RSS was ≥4. If there was movement or decrease in sedation depth (RSS ≤ 3), ketamine 1 mg·kg−1 IV was given as an initial dose, followed by subsequent doses of 0.5 mg·kg−1 IV if required.ResultsA Significantly higher proportion of children in group D (67%) achieved RSS ≥ 4 as compared to group M (24%) (P‐0.002). The risk ratio (95% CI) was 2.76 (1.38–5.52). Significantly lower GDRS scores were noted in group D (1(1–2)) as compared to group M (2(1–2)) at the time of venipuncture (P = 0.04).ConclusionIn the doses and time intervals used in our study, intranasal dexmedetomidine (2.5 μg·kg−1) was found to be superior to oral midazolam (0.5 mg·kg−1) for producing satisfactory sedation for CT imaging.
Fundamental Legal Concepts: The Hohfeldian Framework
Authors: Duarte d'Almeida Luís 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWesley Newcomb Hohfeld's account of legal rights is now 100 years old. It has been much discussed, and remains very influential with philosophers and lawyers alike. Yet it is still sometimes misunderstood in crucial respects. This article offers a rigorous exposition (with some revisions) of Hohfeld's framework; discusses its claims to comprehensiveness and fundamentality, reviewing recent work on the topic; and highlights the argumentative uses of Hohfeld's most important distinction.