bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes based on age in the phase 3 METEOR trial of cabozantinib (cabo) versus everolimus (eve) in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
Authors: Donskov Frede , Motzer Robert J. , Voog Eric , Hovey Elizabeth J. , Grüllich Carsten , Nott Louise M. , Cuff Katharine , Gil Thierry , Jensen Niels Viggo , Chevreau Christine , Negrier Sylvie , Depenbusch Reinhard , Bergmann Lothar , Cornelio Izzy , Champsaur Anne , Escudier Bernard , Pal Sumanta K. , Powles Thomas , Choueiri Toni K. 
Published: March 2017

517 Background: In the METEOR study (NCT01865747), cabo demonstrated improved progression-free survival (median 7.4 vs. 3.8 mo; HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.45–0.74; p<0.0001), OS (median 21.4 vs. 16.5 mo; HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.53-0.83, p=0.0003), and objective response rate (17% vs. 3%; p<0.0001) compared with eve in patients (pts) with advanced RCC who had received prior VEGFR TKI therapy (Choueiri NEJM 2015, Lancet Oncol 2016). Here we evaluate the impact of changes in target lesion size from baseline on OS. Methods: 658 pts were randomized 1:1 to receive cabo (60 mg qd) or eve (10 mg qd). Stratification factors were MSKCC risk group and number of prior VEGFR TKIs. Target lesion size was assessed per independent radiology review by CT/MRI scans at baseline, every 8 weeks for the first 12 months, and every 12 weeks thereafter. Three subgroups were defined by best change in target lesion size from baseline: decrease ≥30%, decrease <30%, and any increase. Results: The rate of target lesion regression was higher in the cabo arm (75%) compared with the eve arm (48%). A higher fraction of pts had a decrease ≥30% in target lesion size in the cabo arm, while a higher fraction of pts had an increase in target lesion size in the eve arm (Table). Medians for OS with cabo were not estimable (NE) (95% CI, NE‒NE), 20.8 mo (95% CI, 18.1‒NE), and 11.1 mo (95% CI, 7.6‒15.2) for the ≥30% decrease, <30% decrease, and any increase subgroups, respectively. Medians for OS with eve were NE (95% CI, 19.3‒NE), 18.0 mo (95% CI, 15.9‒20.4), and 14.0 mo (95% CI, 10.5‒16.3) for the ≥30% decrease, <30% decrease, and any increase subgroups, respectively. Median duration of follow-up for OS was 18.7 mo (IQR 16.1–21.1) for cabo and 18.8 mo (16.0–21.2) for eve. A higher proportion of pts received subsequent anticancer therapy in the any increase subgroup compared with the other subgroups. Conclusions: Cabo demonstrated a higher rate of tumor target lesion regression than eve, and greater target lesion regression was associated with improved OS in pts with advanced RCC. Clinical trial information: NCT01865747.
Evaluation of sexual function on a randomized trial of a prostate rectal spacer.
Authors: Hamstra Daniel A. , Shah Dhiren , Kurtzman Steven , Sylvester John , Zimberg Shawn H. , Hudes Richard S. , Karsh Lawrence Ivan , Logsdon Mark D. , Beyer David , Kos Michael , Hsi R. Alex , Forsythe Kevin , Soffen Edward M , Francke Patrick M , Zhang Hong , DeWeese Theodore L. , Ellis Rodney J. , Bogart Jeffrey , Mantz Constantine , Mariados Neil 
Published: March 2017

69 Background: The SpaceOAR phase 3 trial showed that a hydrogel spacer between the prostate and rectum decreased rectal dose and toxicity while improving bowel quality of life (QOL) after image guided prostate IMRT to 79.2 Gy. Here we evaluated dose to penile bulb as well as sexual function on this trial Methods: Sexual QOL was measured with the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) by mean summary scores and the proportion of patients with a minimally important decline (MID) (11 points). Stratification was based on severe erectile dysfunction (ED)(EPIC < = 60) vs not. The single question on “Erections sufficient for intercourse over the preceding 4 weeks” was also evaluated. Results: Median Follow-up was 37 months with 63% of men evaluable at 3 years. With spacer the dose to the penile bulb was reduced for mean (21 vs 11 Gy), Dmax (46 vs 36 Gy), and V10-V30 (all p < 0.05). Baseline sexual function was 53 (±24) with 54% having severe ED with no difference between arms (p > 0.1). At 3 years average EPIC score was 39.7 (± 23) and 82% had severe ED with no differences between arms (p > 0.1). At enrollment 42% had EPIC > 60 with average summary of 77 (±8.3) which at 3 years was 53 (±24.8). In this sub-group at 3 years a higher EPIC was observed on the Spacer arm (57.7 (±24.1) vs. 44.6 (± 24.4)) which met the threshold for an MID without statistical significance (p = 0.07). Based on MID and twice that there was a trend favoring Spacer with 53% vs 75% for 11-point decline (p = 0.064) and 41% vs 60% for 22 point decline (p = 0.11). A small number of these men were potent at baseline and evaluable both at baseline and 3 years (n = 49). Of these 37.5% in the Control arm had erections sufficient for intercourse at 3 years as compared to 66.7% (p = 0.07) in the Spacer arm. Power analysis revealed 35% power to detect a change of 11 points between arms and 27% power to detect a difference of 22 points. Conclusions: The use of a hydrogel spacer decreased dose to the penile bulb with a suggestion of a clinically significant improvement in patient reported sexual function and potency. These did not achieve statistical significance potentially due to the high prevalence of ED at baseline and, therefore, the small evaluable sample size. Analysis of penile bulb dose and QOL is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT01538628.
A radical shift in perspective: mitochondria as regulators of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Munro Daniel , Treberg Jason R. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Mitochondria are widely recognized as a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in animal cells, where it is assumed that over-production of ROS leads to an overwhelmed antioxidant system and oxidative stress. In this Commentary, we describe a more nuanced model of mitochondrial ROS metabolism, where integration of ROS production with consumption by the mitochondrial antioxidant pathways may lead to the regulation of ROS levels. Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are the main ROS formed by mitochondria. However, superoxide, a free radical, is converted to the non-radical, membrane-permeant H2O2; consequently, ROS may readily cross cellular compartments. By combining measurements of production and consumption of H2O2, it can be shown that isolated mitochondria can intrinsically approach a steady-state concentration of H2O2 in the medium. The central hypothesis here is that mitochondria regulate the concentration of H2O2 to a value set by the balance between production and consumption. In this context, the consumers of ROS are not simply a passive safeguard against oxidative stress; instead, they control the established steady-state concentration of H2O2. By considering the response of rat skeletal muscle mitochondria to high levels of ADP, we demonstrate that H2O2 production by mitochondria is far more sensitive to changes in mitochondrial energetics than is H2O2 consumption; this concept is further extended to evaluate how the muscle mitochondrial H2O2 balance should respond to changes in aerobic work load. We conclude by considering how differences in the ROS consumption pathways may lead to important distinctions amongst tissues, along with briefly examining implications for differing levels of activity, temperature change and metabolic depression.
The independence of eye movements in a stomatopod crustacean is task dependent
Authors: Daly Ilse M. , How Martin J. , Partridge Julian C. , Roberts Nicholas W. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Stomatopods have an extraordinary visual system, incorporating independent movement of their eyes in all three degrees of rotational freedom. In this work, we demonstrate that in the peacock mantis shrimp, Odontodactylus scyllarus, the level of ocular independence is task dependent. During gaze stabilization in the context of optokinesis, there is weak but significant correlation between the left and right eyes in the yaw degree of rotational freedom, but not in pitch and torsion. When one eye is completely occluded, the uncovered eye does not drive the covered eye during gaze stabilization. However, occluding one eye does significantly affect the uncovered eye, lowering its gaze stabilization performance. There is a lateral asymmetry, with the magnitude of the effect depending on the eye (left or right) combined with the direction of motion of the visual field. In contrast, during a startle saccade, the uncovered eye does drive a covered eye. Such disparate levels of independence between the two eyes suggest that responses to individual visual tasks are likely to follow different neural pathways.
Left ventricular remodeling leads to heart failure in mice with cardiac‐specific overexpression of VEGF‐B167: echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Lottonen‐Raikaslehto Line , Rissanen Riina , Gurzeler Erika , Merentie Mari , Huusko Jenni , Schneider Jurgen E. , Liimatainen Timo , Ylä‐Herttuala Seppo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCardiac‐specific overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐B167 is known to induce left ventricular hypertrophy due to altered lipid metabolism, in which ceramides accumulate to the heart and cause mitochondrial damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare different imaging methods to find the most sensitive way to diagnose at early stage the progressive left ventricular remodeling leading to heart failure. Echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging were compared for imaging the hearts of transgenic mice with cardiac‐specific overexpression of VEGF‐B167 and wild‐type mice from 5 to 14 months of age at several time points. Disease progression was verified by molecular biology methods and histology. We showed that left ventricular remodeling is already ongoing at the age of 5 months in transgenic mice leading to heart failure by the age of 14 months. Measurements from echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging revealed similar changes in cardiac structure and function in the transgenic mice. Changes in histology, gene expressions, and electrocardiography supported the progression of left ventricular hypertrophy. Longitudinal relaxation time in rotating frame (T1ρ) in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging could be suitable for detecting severe fibrosis in the heart. We conclude that cardiac‐specific overexpression of VEGF‐B167 leads to left ventricular remodeling at early age and is a suitable model to study heart failure development with different imaging methods.
δ-Fibonacci and δ-lucas numbers, δ-fibonacci and δ-lucas polynomials
Authors: Wituła Roman , Hetmaniok Edyta , Słota Damian , Pleszczyński Mariusz 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In this paper, with reference to the previous work [WITUŁA, R.—SŁOTA, D.: δ-Fibonacci numbers, Appl. Anal. Discrete Math. 3 (2009), 310–329] concerning the, so called, δ-Fibonacci numbers, the concepts of δ-Lucas numbers, δ-Fibonacci and δ-Lucas polynomials are introduced. There are discussed the basic properties of such objects, as well as their applications, especially for description of certain polynomials and identities of algebraic and trigonometric type. Many from among these identities describe the binomial transformations of the respective integer sequences and polynomials. Similarly as for δ-Fibonacci numbers, also for δ-Lucas numbers some attractive identities–bridges are obtained, connecting these numbers in practice with every sequence of integer numbers.
Closed hereditary coreflective subcategories in epireflective subcategories of Top
Authors: Pitrová Veronika 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate closed hereditary coreflective subcategories in epireflective subcategories A of Top, mainly in the case that ZD ⊆ A ⊆ Tych. Particularly the closed hereditary coreflective hull of the one-point compactification of the discrete space on the set of all non-negative integers in such epireflective subcategories is studied. It is proved that under some set-theoretic assumptions it is the whole category A.
The Religion of Absolute Pragmatism: Josiah Royce and Community’s Loyalty
Authors: Stünkel Knut Martin 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe article examines Josiah Royce’s contribution to the debate on a modern concept of religion. It emerges in the discussion with William James’ thinking. Taking his point of departure from a pragmatic interpretation of the notion of the absolute, Royce describes the loyalty of communities as a manifestation of unity, promoting and defining individual creativity and variability. Manifesting man’s need for salvation ‘religion’ formally represents directedness towards an absolute aim that is expressed in a creative community of interpreters.
Visuelle Mehrsprachigkeit in der Metropole Ruhr – eine Projektpräsentation: Aufbau und Funktionen der Bilddatenbank „Metropolenzeichen“
Authors: Mühlan-Meyer Tirza , Lützenkirchen Frank 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The article presents findings from the interdisciplinary research-project “Signs of the Metropolises: Visual multilingualism in the Ruhr-Area/Germany” (funded by MERCUR), which investigates the occurrence, regional distribution, function, production and perception of visual multilingualism in representative neighbourhoods of the cities Duisburg, Essen, Bochum and Dortmund. The focus of this paper will be on the structure and features of an online data base – the main corpus of the project – and its application opportunities for the sociolinguistic and linguistic landscape research. The image database encompasses about 25,595 geo-coded digital photographs. The photographs are linked to a map of the Ruhr Area to show the distribution and density of visual multilingualism. The image database also provides metadata for the following categories according to Scollon and Scollon (2003) and Backhaus (2007): choice of language/variety, type of discourse (e.g. commercial, regulatory, transgressive, commemorative), type of name (e.g. institution, shop, gastronomy, toponym), information management (e.g. complete, partial, extended), appearance, typography (e.g. Antiqua, Grotesque, Fraktur type, handwritten), and size. This tagging system allows complex search strategies to analyse sociolinguistic and geographical aspects of visual multilingualism.
Die kommunikative Konstruktion von Kultur: Chinesische und deutsche Anredepraktiken im Gebrauch
Authors: Günthner Susanne 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAs a result of the structuralistically-based distinction betweenlangueandparole, with its bias towardslangueand its emphasis on the detection of universals, the questions of language in authentic contexts, linguistic diversity, the social construction of reality and cultural conventions have been neglected and have even been treated as „irrelevant for linguistic research“ (Ehlich 2006) in „mainstream linguistics“. However, promising new lines of research on language, communication and culture are emerging, which „constitute language’s latest pendulum swing back into the world of culture“ (Enfield 2013). This article contributes to recent developments within Anthropological Linguistics and, thus, to the study of language as a cultural resource and communicating as a cultural practice. On the basis of a contrastive analysis of Chinese and German SMS-communication, this paper aims at investigating practices of addressing related and non-related co-participants by means of kinship terms. The analysis reveals how communicative practices are related to cultural conventions. I will argue that intersubjective communication not only represents the natural habitat for the construction and modification of cultural formations, but it also constitutes the empirically observable site of everyday constructions of culturality.
Nonlocal Symmetries and Consistent Riccati Expansions of the (2+1)-Dimensional Dispersive Long Wave Equation
Authors: Feng Lian-Li , Tian Shou-Fu , Zhang Tian-Tian 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In this article, the (2+1)-dimensional dispersive long wave equation (DLWE) is investigated, which is derived in the context of a water wave propagating in narrow infinitely long channels of finite constant depth. By using of the truncated Painlevé expansion, we construct its nonlocal symmetry and Bäcklund transformation. After implanting the equation into an enlarged one, then the residual symmetry is localised. Meanwhile, the symmetry group transformation can be computed from the prolonged system. Furthermore, the equation is verified to be consistent Riccati expansion (CRE) solvable. Outing from the CRE, the soliton-cnoidal wave interaction solution in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions and the third type of incomplete elliptic integral are studied, respectively.
EKSISTENSI KURIKULUM PESANTREN DAN KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Saifuddin Ahmad 
Published: March 2017

<p><strong>Bahasa Indonesia:</strong></p><p>Sebagai<strong> </strong>lembaga pendidikan Islam asli Indonesia, pondok pesantren sudah menunjukkan keberhasilan dalam menjaga eksistensi diri. Sejak zaman sebelum merdeka sampai orde reformasi, pesantren semakin diakui keberadaannya dalam perundang-undangan Indonesia, terutama terkait pendidikan. Sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam, pesantren memiliki unsur kyai, santri, pondok, masjid, metode pembalajaran dan kitab kuning. Variasi pondok pesantren menjadi salafiyah dan khalafiyah. Namun keduanya tetap memakai ketiga metode pembelajaran, yaitu sorogan, bandongan dan wetonan. Kurikulum pesantren merupakan alat untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan, sekaligus sebagai pedoman dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan yang mencerminkan pandangan hidup bangsa. Lingkungan kebijakan pendidikan adalah ruang lingkup yang berada pada lingkungan dari sistem pendidikan tersebut, baik terpusat maupun bersifat lokal. Masalah dan agenda kebijakan pendidikan terdiri dari isu-isu yang sedang dibahas serius dalam hubungan domain kebijakan di bidang pendidikan. Sistem dan prosedur perumusan kebijakan pendidikan meliputi fungsi alokasi, fungsi inquiri dan fungsi komunikasi. Kajian metodologi dalam kebijakan pendidikan tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan pembahasan mengenai subtansi pendidikan itu sendiri. Pondok pesantren –meskipun merupakan model pendidikan asli pribumi- namun dalam dinamikanya selalu tidak dapat lepas dari kebijakan pendidikan secara nasional.</p><p> </p><p><strong>English:</strong></p><p>As a native Islamic educational institution in Indonesia, Pesantren has showed its success in preserving its existentialism. From the colonial period to the reformation period, Pesantren is getting more recognition in Indonesian legal system, particularly in the act of national education. As an Islamic educational institution, Pesantren has several element in its body, such as the kyai (the orthodox teacher), santri (the disciples), pondok, (the dorms), mosque, teaching methods, and kitab kuning (the yellow scriptures). The Pesantren has the salafiyah and khalafiyah as the variants. However, both of them implement the same teaching methods such as sorogan, bandongan, and wetonan. The Pesantren curriculum is a way of achieving educational goals and a direction of education with nation philosophies. The educational policy area in the Pesantren education exists both in national and local level. Issues and policy of education consist of actual problems in educational policy domain. The system and procedure of educational policy making involves several functions, such as allocation, inquiry, and communication. Methodological discourse in educational policy cannot be separated from the discourse of education itself. Pesantren –despite as a native educational system- cannot be separated from the dynamics of national education policy.</p>
Gaza. Reflexiones sobre la intervención humanitaria
Authors: Palma Morales Oscar 
Published: March 2017

El fin del cese el fuego entre Hamas y el Gobierno de Ehud Olmert a finales de 2008 originó una guerra causada por el continuo lanzamiento de cohetes por parte de Hamas al vecino territorio Israelí y la consecuente respuesta de esa nación ocupando la Franja de Gaza. Los fuertes ataques, que repetitivamente afectaron a la población civil y las misiones internacionales, generaron unambiente de condiciones humanitarias extremas e intolerables en el área más densa del planeta. Esta situación obliga a reflexionar sobre el instrumento de intervención humanitaria. El mundo entiende dicho instrumento como el medio para intervenir por la fuerza en aquellos Estados donde, por excesos del gobierno contra ciertos sectores de la población o grupos subnacionales, se generan emergencias humanitarias supremas. El caso de Gaza demuestra la necesidad contemplar la posibilidad de que dicha intervención no se conciba como exclusiva para escenarios puramente internos, sino también cuando el choque entre uno o más Estados genera las mismas condiciones de degradación humanitaria inaceptable. Sin embargo, se oponen los intereses de las grandes potencias mundiales y sus alianzas, y la posibilidad de que en vez de lograr el control de la situación haya un escalamiento del conflicto.
Geografía e historia ¿reactivación de antiguas relaciones interdisciplinarias?
Authors: Rucinque Héctor F. , Velásquez Ayra Luz 
Published: March 2017

El artículo se refiere al tema de las relaciones interdisciplinarias, supuestas o reales, que han ligado a través del tiempo a la geografía y la historia. El estudio pretende explorar y analizar las opiniones escritas de eruditos que concurren, en general, con el aserto de destacar cierto grado de interdependencia y cooperación de aquellas disciplinas, con base en el trabajo desarrollado por geógrafos e historiadores. Tanto en el campo científico como en el académico, la historia considera a la geografía como un auxiliar imprescindible, y viceversa. En la actualidad se presentan nuevas manifestaciones de tales relaciones, las cuales son discutidas y evaluadas en términos de las propias tendencias de desarrollo teórico de la geografía histórica y la historia ambiental.
El concepto de seguridad humana en las relaciones internacionales
Authors: Zavaleta Hernández Sandra Kanety 
Published: March 2017

Durante la década de los noventa, las transformaciones acontecidas en el orden internacional como resultado de la implosión de la Guerra Fría, así como la permanencia de estructuras y mecanismos de poder establecidos desde el orden de la segunda postguerra, darían pie a un complejo proceso de reestructuración de la dinámica mundial que habría de influir en la concepción de la seguridad. Con la instauración del Nuevo Orden Internacional, el paradigma unidimensional y unidireccional de seguridad, arraigado al conflicto y al elemento militar y predominante durante más de cuatro décadas, aprehendería en sus significaciones y entendimientos elementos multidimensionales y multidireccionales estrechamente vinculados a cuestiones inherentes al desarrollo. Desde un enfoque crítico de la política internacional, el artículo tiene como objetivo así establecer las características coyunturales que en la dinámica de las relaciones internacionales coadyuvaron a la conformación de un concepto de seguridad antropocéntrico, de carácter multidimensional, universal, contextualizado e integrado por componentes interdependientes y mutuamente vulnerables: la seguridad humana.