bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart Meter Health and Exposure Assessment Research
Authors: Olsen Robert G. , Kavet Robert , Tell Richard A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
As smart meters incorporate radio frequency transmitters, are located on consumer premises and not under the direct control of the property owner or occupant, concern has been expressed about the possibility of adverse health effect due to human exposure to their electromagnetic fields. In this chapter, these concerns are addressed by describing typical smart meter system configurations, describing the characteristics of nonionizing radio frequency radiation from smart meters and summarizing experimental studies of smart meter radiation. Finally, the radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure from these meters is compared to standards for exposure of these fields that (i) have been developed by carefully convened scientific panels and (ii) are generally well accepted. It is found that the exposure is well below the permissible exposures found in these standards.
Platform Markets and Energy Services
Authors: Weiller Claire M. , Pollitt Michael G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA structural shift from transaction‐based, marginal cost pricing to fee‐based service business models often accompanies the emergence of “platform” markets, that is, multisided markets where an intermediary captures the value of the interaction between user groups. The many examples include telecommunications, data storage, cinema, music and media, and the automobile industry. This chapter explores how retail electricity supply can be conceived of as a platform‐mediated, two‐sided market and the consequences for pricing and market structure. The drivers of such a transition include the introduction of information and communication technologies, increased volatility due to renewable generation, and the new complexity of roles for end‐users. Through two cases, a balancing services provider for smart home energy management systems and an electric vehicle charge manager, we show where a platform entrant could position itself in the retail electricity markets between supply companies and end‐users. Conceiving of electricity as a platform market where new entrants provide an energy optimization and management service may stimulate a competitive ecosystem and innovation. Fee‐based pricing could enable the objectives of time‐varying pricing to be achieved without adversely affecting the most vulnerable customers.
IEC
61968: Integration in Distribution Systems
Authors: Kostic Tatjana , Goodrich Margaret , Neumann Scott , Stanislawski Michael 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Electric distribution utilities deploy a large number of operational and back‐office systems to enable diverse business processes that involve information exchanges both within the utility and with external organizations. The challenge of integration among these disparate systems is complicated not only by the different technologies they use, but also because each system can have a different representation and identification of the same real‐world objects. The use of the common information model (CIM) as a canonical data model and adoption of standard methods to accomplish data exchange are central to addressing this integration problem.
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Technical Committee (TC) 57 work to address this integration problem resulted in a set of standards entitled IEC 61968, application integration at electric utilities – system interfaces for distribution management.
This chapter introduces the integration challenge and an overview of each of the IEC 61968 series of standards in terms of its scope, CIM model usage, data exchange technique, and current status and maturity. Finally, the outlook for future developments in this series of standards is discussed.
Synthesis of Tetracyclic Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines by Acid‐Promoted One‐Pot Sequential Formation of C−C and C−N Bonds
Authors: Nagaraju Vemu , Purnachander Dalovai , Goutham Kommuru , Suresh Surisetti , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Karunakar Galla V. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAn efficient synthetic protocol was developed for the formation of tetracyclic tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines using a p‐toluenesulfonic acid‐mediated reaction of β‐enaminones and acetylenedicarboxylates. Highly functionalised tetracyclic tetrahydro‐β‐carboline derivatives were synthesised under one‐pot reaction conditions, in which two C−C and one C−N bonds were sequentially formed.
Association of olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis with economic productivity and medication usage
Authors: Schlosser Rodney J. , Storck Kristina A. , Rudmik Luke , Smith Timothy L. , Mace Jess C. , Mattos Jose , Soler Zachary M. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has significant impacts upon productivity, economic metrics, and medication usage; however, factors that are associated with these economic outcomes are unknown.MethodsWe evaluated olfactory dysfunction in 221 patients with CRS using the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders–Negative Statements (QOD‐NS) and the 40‐item Smell Identification Test (SIT) and assessed whether an association existed between these olfactory metrics and healthcare utilization, productivity, and medication usage over the preceding 90 days.ResultsAfter adjusting for CRS‐associated comorbidities, objective measures of disease, demographics, and CRS‐specific quality of life (QOL), patients with lower QOD‐NS scores (worse patient‐reported olfaction) had more missed days of normal productivity and employment, worse productivity levels, more hours of missed employment due to physician visits, more time caring for sinuses, greater distance traveled to medical appointment, more days of oral steroid use, and higher odds of being on disability insurance. Clinical olfaction, as measured by SIT, was associated with greater distance traveled to medical appointment and higher odds of being on disability insurance, but did not correlate with other productivity measures.ConclusionImpaired olfactory‐specific QOL is associated with significantly worse economic and productivity metrics and increased medication usage even after adjusting for CRS‐specific comorbidities, objective measures of disease, demographics, and severity of CRS‐specific QOL. Future studies are warranted to determine if targeting the impaired olfactory‐specific QOL noted in patients with CRS results in improved productivity and economic outcomes.
Relationship between nitrogen loss and blood urea nitrogen concentrations in patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Sato Takeaki , Kushimoto Shigeki 
Published: August 2016

AimIt is well known that continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) produces some amount of nitrogen loss, but there are few tools that are easily applied to measure it. This study aimed to evaluate nitrogen loss using blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measurement in patients receiving CRRT.MethodsThe subjects were 28 patients who received CRRT (except for liver failure) between 2010 and 2012. Nutrition data and nitrogen excretion in dialysate and urine were measured.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 61 years, with an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score of 27 points and a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of 12 points. All‐cause hospital mortality was 50%. Median protein intake was 40 g/day. The daily urinary volume was 245 mL and volume of dialysate was 26,000 mL/day. The median amount of nitrogen loss was 10.58 g/day, with BUN showing a strong correlation (r = 0.804, P < 0.0001). There was a poor relation between protein intake (g/kg body weight) and nitrogen balance (r = 0.322, P = 0.002).ConclusionsIn patients receiving CRRT, the nitrogen loss showed a positive correlation with BUN but not with protein intake. According to the guidelines, recommended protein intake was 1.5–2.0 g/kg/day, but we should be careful to avoid elevating BUN at the same time. The results showed that BUN might be a useful marker to check nitrogen balance in the nutritional management of patients receiving CRRT.
Long‐term efficacy of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation simulation with a novel, low‐cost vascular model “Endo‐Circuit”
Authors: Endo Tomoyuki , Kagaya Yutaka , Arata Yutaro , Imai Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2016

AimsThis study investigated the long‐term efficacy of a half‐day extracorporeal membrane oxygenation simulation and low‐cost vascular model for practitioner knowledge, skills, and attitudes in clinical settings and also assessed the usefulness of the vascular model.MethodsWe included participants who attended a half‐day extracorporeal membrane oxygenation simulation focused on the veno‐arterial method between April 2013 and January 2016 at Tohoku University Simulation Center (Sendai, Japan). A survey questionnaire form was sent to each participant in March 2016. Ninety‐six survey respondents engaged in real extracorporeal membrane oxygenation practice after the simulation were eligible for this study, and their answers were analyzed for differences between doctors and nurses. The survey asked questions regarding occupation, workplace, course date, years of experience, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation practice before simulation, problems and fears before the simulation, usefulness of reference materials, long‐term efficacy of the simulation for practice, usefulness of the vascular model, and intensive care data review.ResultsAmong all eligible answers, every average self‐reported score (ranging from 0 to 10) of the long‐term efficacy for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation practice was above 4. Nurses reported experiencing fears more frequently than doctors before the simulation. The usefulness of an original low‐cost vascular model was evaluated at a median score of 7.ConclusionA half‐day extracorporeal membrane oxygenation simulation with an original low‐cost vascular model had long‐term positive efficacy for knowledge, skills, and attitudes of practitioners who engaged in real practice after the simulation, and the practitioners considered the model to be useful for them.
Boron Difluoride Complexes of Expanded N‐Confused Calix[n]phyrins That Demonstrate Unique Luminescent and Lasing Properties
Authors: Ishida Masatoshi , Omagari Toshihiro , Hirosawa Ryuji , Jono Keisuke , Sung Young Mo , Yasutake Yuhsuke , Uno Hidemitsu , Toganoh Motoki , Nakanotani Hajime , Fukatsu Susumu , Kim Dongho , Furuta Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2016

AbstractComplexation of novel multiply N‐confused expanded calix[n]phyrins with boron difluoride afforded a new class of cyclic BODIPY (boron‐dipyrromethene) arrays. The structures of circularly arranged BODIPY subunits linked in an N‐confused fashion give rise to such photophysical properties unique to the macrocycles as redshifted emission wavelengths along with apparent large Stokes shifts, long emission lifetimes, and solid‐state lasing. The DFT calculations support the size‐dependent excited‐state dynamics of the macrocycles.
Synthesis and characterization of novel pentaerythritol ester as PVC plasticizer
Authors: Wang Yigang , Nie Xiaoan , Li Xiaoying 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTA novel bio‐based PVC plasticizer, levulinic acid pentaerythritol ketal ester (LAPKE), was synthesized and evaluated as renewable resource alternatives to traditional phthalate. The structure of LAPKE was characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The LAPKE and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) at different mass ratio were added to the PVC to prepare PVC samples. The mechanical properties of PVC samples at mass ratio of 1:1 showed that its tensile strength, elongation at break was up to an optimum value. The thermal stability was measured by dynamic thermal stability and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the results showed that the thermal ability of PVC was improved with the addition of LAPKE. The weight loss of migration property (volatility, leaching test and exudation) has also increased by increasing mass ratio of LAPKE. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44227.
National study of the impact of patient information and involvement in decision-making on immediate breast reconstruction rates
Authors: Frisell A , Lagergren J , Boniface J 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Reconstructive alternatives should be discussed with women facing mastectomy for breast cancer. These include immediate and delayed reconstruction, which both have inherent advantages and disadvantages. Immediate reconstruction rates vary considerably in Swedish healthcare regions, and the aim of the study was to analyse reasons for this disparity.

Methods
All women who underwent mastectomy for primary breast cancer in Sweden in 2013 were included. Tumour data were retrieved from the Swedish National Breast Cancer Registry and from questionnaires regarding patient information and involvement in preoperative decision-making sent to women who were still alive in 2015.

Results
Of 2929 women who had undergone 2996 mastectomies, 2906 were still alive. The questionnaire response rate was 76·3 per cent. Immediate reconstruction rates varied regionally, between 3·0 and 26·4 per cent. Tumour characteristics impacted on reconstruction rates but did not explain regional differences. Patient participation in decision-making, availability of plastic surgery services and patient information, however, were independent predictors of immediate breast reconstruction, and varied significantly between regions. Even in younger patients with low-risk tumours, rates of patient information ranged between 34·3 and 83·3 per cent.

Conclusion
Significant regional differences in immediate reconstruction rates were not explained by differences in tumour characteristics, but by disparities in patient information, availability of plastic surgery services and involvement in decision-making.
Precise Zoological Information: The Concilium Bibliographicum, 1895–1940
Authors: Buckland Michael K. , Burke Colin B. 
Published: August 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARYCognizant of the benefits and challenges of deep bibliographical searching for zoological resources, Herbert Haviland Field, an American zoologist, established the Concilium Bibliographicum in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1895. The Concilium provided bibliographic data on articles from over 2,000 journals in 20 languages and developed the zoology section of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) system, a new system in 1895 that improved search through flexible ordering of topical facets. The institute published annual indexes of zoological literature that could be tailored for specific interests; it later introduced card files for new zoological species and other services. But the Concilium faced insurmountable challenges. Poor funding, international hostilities leading to World War I and Field's death in 1921 handicapped daily operations, affecting the Concilium's language use policy, currency and comprehensiveness of references and staffing to maintain the index. An admirable effort that would have been well suited to modern digital solutions, the Concilium was suspended during the war and ceased operations in 1940.
Palladium‐Assisted Cleavage of Peptides and Proteins Containing a Backbone with Thiazolidine Linkage
Authors: Jbara Muhammad , Laps Shay , Maity Suman Kumar , Brik Ashraf 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe design and synthesis of biomolecules that are responsive to external stimuli is of great interest in various research areas, such as in the preparation of smart biomaterial and chemical biology. Polypeptide backbone disassembly as a response to a particular stimulus is of interest, as it leads to a complete loss of the protein tertiary structure and, as a result, to a loss of function. In this study, a strategy based on palladium‐assisted efficient cleavage of backbone thiazolidine linkage in peptides and proteins was developed. Using a fluorescence‐based assay, encompassing ubiquitinated peptide with a quenching florescence pair, it was possible to optimize the cleavage step after rapid screening of various conditions, such as the type of metal complexes and reaction additives. The optimized conditions prompted fast cleavage of the thiazolidine linkage. The straightforward introduction of a backbone thiazolidine linkage in peptide and proteins coupled with the chemical methods used offers new opportunities in controlling macromolecule function and might, with the aid of cellular protein delivery methods, be applied in cellular settings.
Towards a unified approach for modelling uniform and non‐uniform bubbly flows
Authors: Ziegenhein Thomas , Rzehak Roland , Ma Tian , Lucas Dirk 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAn important ingredient of closure relations for the Euler‐Euler two‐fluid model is the description of turbulent fluctuations. Models proposed in the literature disagree concerning the treatment of such on all scales. The large‐scale fluctuation structures as well as the bubble‐induced turbulence might be neglected, resolved, and/or modelled respectively in different ways. Each treatment has been demonstrated to work for a certain application but a unified perspective is lacking so far.To this end a set of closure relations for the fluid dynamics of bubbly flow has been collected that represents the best available knowledge and may serve as a baseline for further improvements and extensions. This model comprises a set of bubble forces as well as a turbulence model including turbulence modification due to the bubbles and has been successfully validated for bubbly flows in pipes and bubble columns. Here it is applied to two sets of data representing non‐uniform and uniform flows in bubble columns which are dominated by large‐scale fluctuations and bubble‐induced turbulence respectively.
Unit level small area estimation with copulas
Authors: Rivest Louis‐Paul , Verret François , Baillargeon Sophie 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe goal of this article is to predict the mean values of a survey variable Y in small areas using simple random samples of units drawn in these areas and known auxiliary variables x. Predictions obtained with non‐normal error distributions are investigated. Exchangeable models for the dependency between the regression errors within a small area are first proposed and the best unbiased predictors (BUPs) for unobserved Y, under the proposed models, are derived. They are compared to the best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs). The second part of the article focuses on a particular class of models for Y, constructed using multivariate exchangeable copulas. They involve a regression parameter , a dependency parameter for the copula, , and , the marginal cumulative distribution function of the regression errors, considered as an infinite‐dimensional parameter. Semi‐parametric methods for estimating the parameters are proposed and small area predictions are constructed using these estimators. Conditional mean squared prediction error estimators, which account for the estimation of the parameters, are discussed. Copula selection is done using cross‐validation. This new methodology is illustrated through simulations and the analysis of a real data set. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 44: 397–415; 2016 © 2016 Statistical Society of Canada
Identification and Optimization of the First Highly Selective GLUT1 Inhibitor BAY‐876
Authors: Siebeneicher Holger , Cleve Arwed , Rehwinkel Hartmut , Neuhaus Roland , Heisler Iring , Müller Thomas , Bauser Marcus , Buchmann Bernd 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDespite the long‐known fact that the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT1 is one of the key players safeguarding the increase in glucose consumption of many tumor entities even under conditions of normal oxygen supply (known as the Warburg effect), only few endeavors have been undertaken to find a GLUT1‐selective small‐molecule inhibitor. Because other transporters of the GLUT1 family are involved in crucial processes, these transporters should not be addressed by such an inhibitor. A high‐throughput screen against a library of ∼3 million compounds was performed to find a small molecule with this challenging potency and selectivity profile. The N‐(1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)quinoline‐4‐carboxamides were identified as an excellent starting point for further compound optimization. After extensive structure–activity relationship explorations, single‐digit nanomolar inhibitors with a selectivity factor of >100 against GLUT2, GLUT3, and GLUT4 were obtained. The most promising compound, BAY‐876 [N4‐[1‐(4‐cyanobenzyl)‐5‐methyl‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl]‐7‐fluoroquinoline‐2,4‐dicarboxamide], showed good metabolic stability in vitro and high oral bioavailability in vivo.
D6h‐Au42 Isomer: A Golden Aromatic Toroid Involving Superatomic π‐Orbitals that Follow the Hückel (4n+2)π rule
Authors: Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecently, it has been shown that the superatom concept is intimately connected to relevant tools of great chemical significance, such as the Lewis structure model and the VSEPR theory, which has been employed to understand hybridized and dimeric‐like molecules. This suggests a potential rational construction of superatomic clusters mimicking more complex structures. Here, we extend another well‐employed concept to the superatomic clusters, to construct a novel Au42 isomer with resemblance to cyclic aromatic molecules. It is shown that the Hückel (4n+2)π rule is ready to be applied, predicting aromatic behavior latterly supported by the favorable evaluation of the induced shielding cone formation. The D6h isomer of Au42 described here exhibits inherent characteristics mimicking aromatic hydrocarbon rings, displaying π‐superatomic orbitals and related properties. This new cluster is the first member of the superatomic clusters family to exhibit an aromatic π‐electron system.
Black N/H‐TiO2 Nanoplates with a Flower‐Like Hierarchical Architecture for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Kaifu , Zhou Wei , Chi Lina , Zhang Xiangcheng , Hu Weiyao , Jiang Baojiang , Pan Kai , Tian Guohui , Jiang Zheng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA facile two‐step strategy was used to prepare black of hydrogenated/nitrogen‐doped TiO2 nanoplates (NHTA) with a flower‐like hierarchical architecture. In situ nitriding and self‐assembly was realized by hydrothermal synthesis using tripolycyanamide as a N source and as a structure‐directing agent. After thorough characterization, it was found that the hydrogenation treatment did not damage the flower‐like architecture but distorted the anatase crystal structure and significantly changed the band structure of NHTA owing to the increased concentration of oxygen vacancies, hydroxyl groups, and Ti3+ cations. Under AM 1.5 illumination, the photocatalytic H2 evolution rate on the black NHTA was approximately 1500 μmol g−1 h−1, which was much better than the N‐doped TiO2 nanoplates (≈690 μmol g−1 h−1). This improvement in the hydrogen evolution rate was attributed to a reduced bandgap, enhanced separation of the photogenerated charge carriers, and an increase in the surface‐active sites.
Penalty‐aware and cost‐efficient resource management in cloud data centers
Authors: Rahmanian AA , Dastghaibyfard GH , Tahayori H 
Published: August 2016

SummaryToday, data centers are the main source of providing cloud services through a service level agreement (SLA). Most research papers for cloud resource management concentrate on how to reduce host energy consumption and SLA violation (SLAV) to minimize operational cost. However, they do not consider the amount of penalty that cloud provider should pay to users because of SLAV. In this paper, we propose a new penalty‐aware and cost‐efficient method that considers cloud resource management as a cost problem. In this method parameters such as user budget, penalty, and host energy consumption cost play an important role in minimizing operational cost which leads to higher profit for cloud provider. The simulation results with CloudSim show that our proposed method minimizes operational cost compared to the prior resource managements. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.