bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspect dependence of Langmuir parametric instability excitation observed by EISCAT
Authors: Wang Xiang , Zhou Chen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecent studies of X‐mode wave heating experiments observed by EISCAT (European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association UHF radar indicate that parametric instability (PI) can be excited unexpectedly. In this paper, we reinvestigate the ionospheric heating experiment on 21 and 22 October 2012 in details. The observed HF‐enhanced ion lines (HFILs) and HF‐enhanced plasma lines (HFPLs) observed during the experiments present dependence on the heating incidence angles. The observational evidence and numerical calculation that the parallel electric field of X‐mode heating wave can exceed the PI excitation threshold at certain angles indicate the decisive role of parallel electric field for the PI excitation. The excited HFPLs and HFILs during X‐mode heating cycles also present the evidence for the non‐Maxwellian distribution of the electrons in the heated region.
2017 Valparaíso earthquake sequence and the megathrust patchwork of central Chile
Authors: Nealy Jennifer L. , Herman Matthew W. , Moore Ginevra L. , Hayes Gavin P. , Benz Harley M. , Bergman Eric A. , Barrientos Sergio E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn April 2017, a sequence of earthquakes offshore Valparaíso, Chile, raised concerns of a potential megathrust earthquake in the near future. The largest event in the 2017 sequence was a M6.9 on 24 April, seemingly colocated with the last great‐sized earthquake in the region—a M8.0 in March 1985. The history of large earthquakes in this region shows significant variation in rupture size and extent, typically highlighted by a juxtaposition of large ruptures interspersed with smaller magnitude sequences. We show that the 2017 sequence ruptured an area between the two main slip patches during the 1985 earthquake, rerupturing a patch that had previously slipped during the October 1973 M6.5 earthquake sequence. A significant gap in historic ruptures exists directly to the south of the 2017 sequence, with large enough moment deficit to host a great‐sized earthquake in the near future, if it is locked.
Dynamic response of the Martian ionosphere to an interplanetary shock: Mars Express and MAVEN observations
Authors: Harada Y. , Gurnett D. A. , Kopf A. J. , Halekas J. S. , Ruhunusiri S. , Lee C. O. , Hara T. , Espley J. , DiBraccio G. A. , Mitchell D. L. , Mazelle C. , Larson D. E. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMultipoint observations from the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) instrument on board Mars Express and the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission reveal a dynamic response of the Martian ionosphere to abrupt variations in the upstream solar wind plasma. On 2 February 2017, MAVEN, located upstream from the Martian bow shock, encountered a corotating interaction region‐related interplanetary shock with a sudden enhancement in the dynamic pressure. MARSIS, operating in the upper ionosphere at ∼478 km altitudes and ∼78° solar zenith angles, observed a sharp increase in the local magnetic field magnitude ∼1 min after the shock passage at MAVEN. The time lag is roughly consistent with the expected propagation time of a pressure pulse from the bow shock to the upper ionosphere at the fast magnetosonic speed. Subsequently, remote soundings recorded disturbed signatures of the topside ionosphere below Mars Express.
The relationship between contrasting ages of groundwater and streamflow
Authors: Berghuijs Wouter R. , Kirchner James W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTracer data demonstrate that waters in aquifers are often much older than the stream waters that drain them. This contrast in water ages has lacked a general quantitative explanation. Here we show that under stationary conditions, the age distribution of water stored in a catchment can be directly estimated from the age distribution of its outflows, and vice versa. This in turn implies that the storage selection function, expressing the catchment's preference for the release or retention of waters of different ages, can be estimated directly from the age distribution of outflow under stationary conditions. Using gamma distributions of streamflow ages, we show that the mean age of stored water can range from half as old as the mean age of streamflow (for plug flow conditions) to almost infinitely older (for strongly preferential flow). Many streamflow age distributions have long upper tails, consistent with preferential flow and implying that storage ages are substantially older than streamflow ages. Mean streamflow ages reported in the literature imply that most streamflow originates from a thin veneer of total groundwater storage. This preferential release of young streamflow implies that most groundwater is exchanged only slowly with the surface and consequently is relatively old.
Tuning Thermal Transport in Chain‐Oriented Conducting Polymers for Enhanced Thermoelectric Efficiency: A Computational Study
Authors: Shi Wen , Shuai Zhigang , Wang Dong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThermoelectric polymers should be electron‐crystal and phonon‐glass to efficiently interconvert heat and electricity. Herein, by using molecular dynamics simulations, it is demonstrated that engineering phonon transport in conducting polymers by tailoring its degree of polymerization can effectively improve the energy conversion efficiency. This is based on the separated length scales that charge carriers and phonons travel along the polymer backbone. By tuning the chain length and the crystallinity of chain‐oriented poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) fibers, a dramatic decrease of the axial thermal conductivity to 0.97 W m−1 K−1 has been observed in rationally designed polymer fibers with the crystallinity of 0.49 and the relative molecular weight of 5600. The dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit at 298 K has been enhanced to 0.48, which is approximately one order of magnitude higher than that in crystalline polymers.
Giant Incident Photon‐to‐Current Conversion with Photoconductivity Gain on Nanostructured Bismuth Oxysulfide Photoelectrodes under Visible‐Light Illumination
Authors: Bondarenko Evgeny A. , Streltsov Eugene A. , Malashchonak Mikalai V. , Mazanik Alexander V. , Kulak Anatoly I. , Skorb Ekaterina V. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNanostructured layered bismuth oxysulfide films synthesized by chemical bath deposition reveal a giant incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (IPCE). This study shows that surprisingly for the cathodic photocurrent in the photoreduction process, the IPCE reaches ≈2500% in aqueous solutions containing [Fe(CN)6]3−. The giant IPCE is observed starting from a certain minimal oxidizer concentration (c > 10−3m for [Fe(CN)6]3−) and decreases nonlinearly with an increase of illumination intensity. Giant IPCE is determined by the decrease in resistivity of the bismuth oxysulfide film under illumination with photoconductivity gain, which provides the possibility of charge carriers from an external circuit to participate in the photoreduction process. Giant IPCE is observed not only in [Fe(CN)6]3− solutions, but also in electrolytes containing other photoelectron acceptors: Fe3+, I3−, quinone, H2O2. In all, solution‐processed layered bismuth oxysulfide films offer large‐area coverage, nontoxicity, low cost, and compatibility with a wide range of substrates. Abnormally high photoelectrochemical activity, as well as a band gap energy value favorable for efficient conversion of solar light (1.38 eV, direct optical transitions), proves the potential of bismuth oxysulfide photoelectrodes for a new generation of high‐performance photoconverters.
Modeling and optimization of refinery hydrogen network – a new strategy to linearize power equation of new compressor
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed , Adam Abdel Samed M. , Sunarso Jaka , Liu Shaomin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRefinery hydrogen network problem is highly nonlinear due to the equation that describes the power of new compressor. Most of the previous attempts to linearize this equation have been made by assuming constant suction and discharge pressure while taking the inlet flow rate as a variable. Such assumption may not be practical in real condition because the calculated power requirement for new compressor may not be compatible with the pressure ratio of the selected compressor. This work proposed a new linearization method for the power of new compressor that provides additional degree of freedom by allowing the solver to choose the optimum new compressor(s) that satisfied the pressure requirement of process sinks. Using our proposed model, mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) formulation can be converted into mixed‐integer linear programming. The applicability of our model was validated using two different refinery case studies. Mixed‐integer linear programming results obtained using our model require substantially lower computational cost than their MINLP counterparts where at least 60% savings in terms of iteration number and computational processing time were achieved. The approach demonstrated here can be potentially used to approach more complex refinery hydrogen network cases where the initial guess can be obtained from the linearized MINLP problem. © 2017 Curtin University and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Herpes Zoster as a Risk Factor for Incident Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: England Bryant R. , Mikuls Ted R. , Xie Fenglong , Yang Shuo , Chen Lang , Curtis Jeffrey R. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveHistopathologic studies have implicated herpes zoster (HZ) as a causative organism of giant cell arteritis (GCA). The purpose of this study was to assess the epidemiologic association of HZ events with incident GCA.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study in 2 large independent US administrative data sets: Medicare 5% and Truven Health Analytics MarketScan. Eligible subjects had 12 months of continuous coverage, were >50 years old, and had no history of GCA or polymyalgia rheumatica. HZ events (complicated and uncomplicated) and GCA were identified by the presence of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes from physician visit or hospital discharge records. Antiviral therapies and vaccinations were identified from prescription claims and drug codes. Risk of incident GCA was calculated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsAmong 16,686,345 subjects, a total of 5,942 GCA cases occurred, with 3.1% (MarketScan) and 6.0% (Medicare) having preceding HZ events. Unadjusted GCA incidence rates were highest in the groups with complicated and uncomplicated HZ. After multivariable adjustment, complicated HZ was associated with an increased risk of GCA (hazard ratio [HR] 1.99 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.32–3.02] in the Medicare cohort and 2.16 [95% CI 1.46–3.18] in the MarketScan cohort), as was uncomplicated HZ (HR 1.42 [95% CI 1.02–1.99] and HR 1.45 [95% CI 1.05–2.01] in the respective cohorts). Vaccination and antiviral treatment were not consistently associated with GCA risk, although antiviral treatment was marginally associated with a decreased risk of GCA in the Medicare cohort (HR 0.67 [95% CI 0.46–0.99]).ConclusionHZ is associated with an increased risk of GCA. The infrequency of HZ in GCA patients suggests that it is only one potential trigger for GCA. Antivirals and vaccination did not consistently mitigate this risk.
Chlorination‐promoted Transformation of Isolated Pentagon Rule C78 into Fused‐pentagons‐ and Heptagons‐containing Fullerenes
Authors: Brotsman Victor A. , Ignat'eva Daria V. , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCage transformations in fullerenes are rare phenomena which are still not fully understood. We report the first skeletal transformation of an Isolated‐Pentagon‐Rule (IPR) isomer of C78 fullerene upon high‐temperature chlorination which proceeds by six‐step Stone–Wales rearrangements affording non‐IPR, non‐classical (NC) C78(NC2)Cl24 with two cage heptagons, six pairs of fused pentagons, and an unprecedented loop‐like chlorination pattern. The following loss of a C2 unit results in C76(NC3)Cl24 containing three cage heptagons.
Gender differences in safety issues during Fingolimod therapy: Evidence from a real‐life Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis cohort
Authors: Manni Alessia , Direnzo Vita , Iaffaldano Antonio , Di Lecce Valentina , Tortorella Carla , Zoccolella Stefano , Iaffaldano Pietro , Trojano Maria , Paolicelli Damiano 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveBenefits and risks of new therapies in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) must be balanced carefully and tailored to patients. We aimed to describe our experience with Fingolimod (FTY), correlating demographics, clinical and hematological features of the Relapsing MS (RMS) cohort with the occurring Adverse Events (AEs).Material and MethodsPretreatment screening tests, cardiological observation, and safety follow‐up data were analyzed in 225 RMS patients. Changes in continuous data were analyzed post hoc with Wilcoxon ranks test; categorical variables were examined using McNemar test. Two‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze differences between baseline characteristic of the cohorts and Liver Function Tests (LFT) alterations. Binary logistic regression models were used to identify which of the baseline factors influenced LFT alterations and the occurrence of infections.ResultsDuring 2 years of follow‐up 24 patients (10%) interrupted FTY. Discontinuation most often was due to AEs (n = 14) or breakthrough disease (n = 5). The most frequently AEs were infections (10.6%). After the first year patients showing an infectious episode were mostly female (p = .04). The infections did not correlate with the decrease in white blood cells or to lymphocyte count. AST and ALT alterations ​​were observed mostly in males (p = .002 and p = .01, respectively), and increase in GGT ​​was reported in subjects older at FTY beginning (p < .05).ConclusionsFor a patient‐centered safety monitoring of FTY, we may apply gender‐specific warnings, for the detection of transaminases abnormalities and infectious episodes.
Wnt5a regulates the cell proliferation and adipogenesis via MAPK‐independent pathway in early stage of obesity
Authors: Tang Qi , Chen Chang , Zhang Yan , Dai Minjia , Jiang Yichen , Wang Hang , Yu Mei , Jing Wei , Tian Weidong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe early stage of obesity is an important stage in the development of obesity. However, there are few studies which explored the property or changes in obesity at early stage especially involving Wnt5a. The associated gene expression of Wnt5a on cell regeneration and the effect of Wnt5a on rat adipose‐derived stem cell (rASC) proliferation and adipogenesis need additional study. Here, we investigated the changes in obesity at early stage and how Wnt5a regulates rASC regeneration, proliferation, and adipogenesis. Our data revealed that obesity at early stage measured by Lee index presented a state with impaired adipogenesis and more infiltrated inflammatory cells but without significant changes in adipocyte sizes and inflammatory factors. The process might be associated with anti‐canonical Wnt pathway and a reciprocal Wnt5a/JNK pathway. Besides the gene expression of Wnt5a decreased from cell passage 1 to passage 3. The cell proliferation was regulated by increasing dose of Wnt5a with the maximal effect at 50 ng/mL and 50 ng/mL Wnt5a suppressed adipogenic differentiation at middle‐late stage of adipogenesis via anti‐β‐catenin and a mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling‐independent manner. Accordingly, the research helps to gain further insights into the early stage of obesity and its associated changes on a cellular and molecular level.
Comparative study of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells between sexes in mice under physiological conditions along time
Authors: Gasco Samanta , Rando Amaya , Zaragoza Pilar , García‐Redondo Alberto , Calvo Ana Cristina , Osta Rosario 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are attractive targets in regenerative medicine, although the differences in their homeostatic maintenance between sexes along time are still under debate. We accurately monitored hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), and common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) frequencies by flow cytometry, by performing serial peripheral blood extractions from male and female B6SJL wild‐type mice and found no significant differences. Only modest differences were found in the gene expression profile of Slamf1 and Gata2. Our findings suggest that both sexes could be used indistinctly to perform descriptive studies in the murine hematopoietic system, especially for flow cytometry studies in peripheral blood. This would allow diminishing the number of animals needed for the experimental procedures. In addition, the use of serial extractions in the same animals drastically decreases the number of animals needed.
Oxygen‐Rich Carbon Quantum Dots as Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Amines and Alcohols
Authors: Ye Jianglin , Ni Kun , Liu Jie , Chen Guanxiong , Ikram Mujtaba , Zhu Yanwu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMetal‐free carbocatalysis has been widely utilized for aerobic oxidative reactions. Here, we report that oxygen‐rich carbon quantum dots (O‐CQDs) demonstrate a catalytic performance superior to graphene oxide, if used as a metal‐free nanocatalyst for the direct transformation of amines and alcohols, under mild and solvent‐free conditions. O‐CQDs show a yield of 75 % for the oxidative coupling of amine to imine (with 5 wt % catalyst loading) and a conversion of 3.8 % for benzyl alcohol (with 2 wt % catalyst loading). The catalytic activities of thermally treated O‐CQDs are further improved for benzylamine, for example, indicated by a yield of up to 98 % with 4 wt % catalyst loading. In addition, O‐CQDs show a photoenhanced catalytic ability of amine (98 % yield with 5 wt % catalyst loading for 6 h reaction). Characterizations and simulations show that numerous carboxyl oxygen functional groups and unpaired electrons at the edge sites of O‐CQDs are likely involved in the aerobic oxidation of amines.
Semirational Engineering of the Naphthalene Dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 9816‐4 towards Selective Asymmetric Dihydroxylation
Authors: Halder Julia M. , Nestl Bettina M. , Hauer Bernhard 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEnzyme‐catalyzed asymmetric dihydroxylation is a powerful tool for the selective oxyfunctionalization of various organic compounds. By applying Rieske non‐heme dioxygenases (ROs), molecular oxygen and a reduction equivalent are needed for the generation of vicinal cis‐diols. We report a comprehensive mutagenesis study of the active site of the naphthalene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 9816‐4 comprising 62 variants. We aimed to understand the important structure–function relationships by investigating different substituted arene substrates and the geometry of the active site. Introducing single‐point mutations at positions F202, A206, V260, H295, F352, and L307 resulted in drastic shifts in the reaction specificity, regioselectivity, and stereoselectivity (≥90 %) while maintaining the residual activity towards the natural substrate naphthalene.
Functional‐Polymer Library through Post‐Polymerization Modification of Copolymers Having Oleate and Pentafluorophenyl Pendants
Authors: Maiti Binoy , Haldar Ujjal , Rajasekhar Tota , De Priyadarsi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPoly[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl oleate‐co‐pentafluorophenyl methacrylate] [P(MAEO‐co‐PFPMA)] random copolymers with oleate and pentafluorophenyl side‐chain pendants were synthesized. These copolymers were utilized as dual‐reactive polymeric scaffolds in a range of post‐polymerization modification strategies involving thiol‐ene and para‐fluoro‐thiol substitution, amidation, trans‐esterification, and epoxidation followed by amidation. The 2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl oleate (MAEO) functional handle in the copolymer is open to functionalization at its internal double bond through thermally initiated thiol‐ene reaction, whereas the pentafluorophenyl moiety of the pentafluorophenyl methacrylate (PFPMA) unit undergoes para‐fluoro‐thiol substitution under basic conditions at room temperature. By means of these modification approaches, the P(MAEO‐co‐PFPMA) copolymer was orthogonally ligated with thiol compounds having, for example, alkyl, hydroxyl, and protected amine functional groups. Furthermore, different functional groups such as benzyl, allyl, methacrylate, pyrene, and water‐soluble poly(ethylene glycol) were easily introduced into the side chain of the P(MAEO‐co‐PFPMA) copolymer by amidation, trans‐esterification, and epoxidation followed by amidation. Functionalization of both the reactive pendants with the various organic substituents was confirmed by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and fluorescence spectroscopy.
Electrostatic Modification for Promotion of Flavin‐Mediated Oxidation of a Probe for Flavin Detection
Authors: Lee Dong‐Nam , Bae Sohyeon , Han Kyungja , Shin Ik‐Soo , Kim Seong Keun , Hong Jong‐In 
Published: August 2017

AbstractElectrostatic effects on the redox photochemistry of synthetic probes (1, 2, and 1–Zn) are examined by adjusting the thermodynamic driving force of their oxidation reactions. The redox photochemistry was simply controlled by introducing a zinc binding site (2,2′‐dipicolylamine (DPA)) on the coumarin moiety of probe 2. Zinc complexation produced a positively charged environment on the coumarin (1–Zn), which lowered the electron density of a nearby 9 H‐xanthene ring, attenuating the auto‐oxidation of 1–Zn by 45 % compared with that of probe 1 at 298 K. The positive net charge of 1–Zn also provided an attractive Coulombic force toward the phosphate of flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, which lowered the reduction potential of the electron acceptor (isoalloxazine) and improved intermolecular electron transfer from the 9 H‐xanthene ring to isoalloxazine. The flavin‐mediated oxidation rate of 1–Zn was increased to 1.5 times that of probe 2. Probe 1–Zn showed highly selective sensing behaviour toward flavins, producing an intense brightness (ϵΦF=2.80×103 m−1 cm−1) in the long‐wavelength regions (λmax=588 nm) upon flavin‐mediated oxidation. Furthermore, probes 1–Zn and 2 were successfully applied to eosinophil imaging and the differential diagnosis of eosinophilia; this demonstrates their use as diagnostic tools.
Novel Ni‐Ga alloy based catalyst for converting CO2 to methanol
Authors: Nguyen Hong Khanh Dieu , Dang Toan Hong , Nguyen Nga Le To , Nguyen Ha Thi , Dinh Ngo Thi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNovel and advanced catalysts based on Ni‐Ga alloy were prepared through co‐condensation method with and without evaporation of water solvent for converting CO2 to methanol. The co‐condensations used Ni(NO3)2 and Ga metal as beginning precursors under alkaline media. Various Ni/Ga molar ratios and temperature of the co‐condensation‐evaporation method were investigated in order to obtain Ni5Ga3 alloy composition as active phase for the catalysts. The results confirmed that the stoichiometry of 5/3 could be reached at the same molar ratio of the beginning precursors, and the suitable temperature of the method was 80 °C for a certain time of 24 h. The Ni‐Ga based catalyst activity and selectivity were also tested in the conversion of CO2 to methanol at atmospheric pressure and 220 °C for different periods of time. The results showed that the catalyst was an excellent candidate for this process compared to other catalysts when exposing good selectivity over 90 % during long periods of time. Many techniques were used including X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Nitrogen Adsorption–Desorption Analysis (BET), and Gas Chromatography (GC) to characterize the catalyst structure and the reaction performance, respectively.