bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A real world study on the genetic, cognitive and psychopathological differences of obese patients clustered according to eating behaviours
Authors: Caroleo Mariarita , Primerano Amedeo , Rania Marianna , Aloi Matteo , Pugliese Valentina , Magliocco Fabio , Fazia Gilda , Filippo Andrea , Sinopoli Flora , Ricchio Marco , Arturi Franco , Jimenez-Murcia Susana , Fernandez-Aranda Fernando , De Fazio Pasquale , Segura-Garcia Cristina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundConsidering that specific genetic profiles, psychopathological conditions and neurobiological systems underlie human behaviours, the phenotypic differentiation of obese patients according to eating behaviours should be investigated. The aim of this study was to classify obese patients according to their eating behaviours and to compare these clusters in regard to psychopathology, personality traits, neurocognitive patterns and genetic profiles.MethodsA total of 201 obese outpatients seeking weight reduction treatment underwent a dietetic visit, psychological and psychiatric assessment and genotyping for SCL6A2 polymorphisms. Eating behaviours were clustered through two-step cluster analysis, and these clusters were subsequently compared.ResultsTwo groups emerged: cluster 1 contained patients with predominantly prandial hyperphagia, social eating, an increased frequency of the long allele of the 5-HTTLPR and low scores in all tests; and cluster 2 included patients with more emotionally related eating behaviours (emotional eating, grazing, binge eating, night eating, post-dinner eating, craving for carbohydrates), dysfunctional personality traits, neurocognitive impairment, affective disorders and increased frequencies of the short (S) allele and the S/S genotype.ConclusionsAside from binge eating, dysfunctional eating behaviours were useful symptoms to identify two different phenotypes of obese patients from a comprehensive set of parameters (genetic, clinical, personality and neuropsychology) in this sample. Grazing and emotional eating were the most important predictors for classifying obese patients, followed by binge eating. This clustering overcomes the idea that ‘binging’ is the predominant altered eating behaviour, and could help physicians other than psychiatrists to identify whether an obese patient has an eating disorder. Finally, recognising different types of obesity may not only allow a more comprehensive understanding of this illness, but also make it possible to tailor patient-specific treatment pathways.
Driving cessation over a 24‐year period: Dementia severity and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers
Authors: Stout Sarah H. , Babulal Ganesh M. , Ma Chunyu , Carr David B. , Head Denise M. , Grant Elizabeth A. , Williams Monique M. , Holtzman David M. , Fagan Anne M. , Morris John C. , Roe Catherine M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionWith 36 million older adult U.S. drivers, safety is a critical concern, particularly among those with dementia. It is unclear at what stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) older adults stop driving and whether preclinical AD affects driving cessation.MethodsTime to driving cessation was examined based on Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and AD cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. 1795 older adults followed up to 24 years received CDR ratings. A subset (591) had cerebrospinal fluid biomarker measurements and was followed up to 17 years. Differences in CDR and biomarker groups as predictors of time to driving cessation were analyzed using Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox proportional models.ResultsHigher CDR scores and more abnormal biomarker measurements predicted a shorter time to driving cessation.DiscussionHigher levels of AD biomarkers, including among individuals with preclinical AD, lead to earlier driving cessation. Negative functional outcomes of preclinical AD show a nonbenign phase of the disease.
Evidence for the age-specific relationship of food insecurity and key dietary outcomes among US children and adolescents
Authors: Eicher-Miller Heather A. , Zhao Yanling 
Published: January 2018

AbstractApproximately 6·5 million US children live in food-insecure households, meaning that they have restrained access to the types and amounts of foods they usually eat. The nutrient demands of growth and general sub-par dietary intake of US children by age highlight the importance and difficulty of attaining recommended amounts of critical dietary components to promote health and prevent disease. Evaluation of the evidence for a relationship of food insecurity with key dietary outcomes for the specific stages of child growth at 1–5 years, 6–11 years and 12–19 years has not been previously documented. Bradford Hill criteria of strength, consistency and dose–response were applied to aid evaluation. A comprehensive search of original research on US children using food-security assessment measures indexed to January 2017 was completed and identified sixteen studies that evaluated the relationship of food insecurity with key dietary outcomes. Evidence for a strong, consistent and dose–response relationship of food insecurity with lower vegetable intake compared with food security was determined among children aged 1–5 years and strong and consistent evidence of higher added sugar intake among food-insecure children aged 6–11 years compared with food-secure children was apparent. Adolescent-focused evidence was sparse but revealed adolescence as the paediatric age stage where food insecurity has the most potential for negative impact on child dietary intake. A discussion of future research opportunities includes strengthening the evidence through longitudinal study designs, inclusion of additional nutrients of concern, and stronger mitigation of bias and error.
Magnesium homeostasis in cattle: absorption and excretion
Authors: Martens Holger , Leonhard-Marek Sabine , Röntgen Monika , Stumpff Friederike 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMagnesium (Mg2+) is an essential mineral without known specific regulatory mechanisms. In ruminants, plasma Mg2+concentration depends primarily on the balance between Mg2+absorption and Mg2+excretion. The primary site of Mg2+absorption is the rumen, where Mg2+is apically absorbed by both potential-dependent and potential-independent uptake mechanisms, reflecting involvement of ion channels and electroneutral transporters, respectively. Transport is energised in a secondary active manner by a basolateral Na+/Mg2+exchanger. Ruminal transport of Mg2+is significantly influenced by a variety of factors such as high K+concentration, sudden increases of ammonia, pH, and the concentration of SCFA. Impaired Mg2+absorption in the rumen is not compensated for by increased transport in the small or large intestine. While renal excretion can be adjusted to compensate precisely for any surplus in Mg2+uptake, a shortage in dietary Mg2+cannot be compensated for either via skeletal mobilisation of Mg2+or via up-regulation of ruminal absorption. In such situations, hypomagnesaemia will lead to decrease of a Mg2+in the cerebrospinal fluid and clinical manifestations of tetany. Improved knowledge concerning the factors governing Mg2+homeostasis will allow reliable recommendations for an adequate Mg2+intake and for the avoidance of possible disturbances. Future research should clarify the molecular identity of the suggested Mg2+transport proteins and the regulatory mechanisms controlling renal Mg excretion as parameters influencing Mg2+homeostasis.
A full-term healthy neonate with respiratory distress
Authors: Nederlof I. , Roest A. A. W. , Starreveld J. S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPneumopericardium, defined as air in the pericardial cavity, is a rare condition with potentially severe complications and mortality. In the neonatal period, pneumopericardium is associated with prematurity, very low birth weight, and assisted ventilation. We report the occurrence of spontaneous pneumopericardium in a healthy full-term neonate who did not receive any supportive ventilation.
A randomised trial of early palliative care for maternal stress in infants prenatally diagnosed with single-ventricle heart disease
Authors: Hancock Hayley S. , Pituch Ken , Uzark Karen , Bhat Priya , Fifer Carly , Silveira Maria , Yu Sunkyung , Welch Suzanne , Donohue Janet , Lowery Ray , Aiyagari Ranjit 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChildren with single-ventricle disease experience high mortality and complex care. In other life-limiting childhood illnesses, paediatric palliative care may mitigate maternal stress. We hypothesised that early palliative care in the single-ventricle population may have the same benefit for mothers. In this pilot randomised trial of early palliative care, mothers of infants with prenatal single-ventricle diagnoses completed surveys measuring depression, anxiety, coping, and quality of life at a prenatal visit and neonatal discharge. Infants were randomised to receive early palliative care – structured evaluation, psychosocial/spiritual, and communication support before surgery – or standard care. Among 56 eligible mothers, 40 enrolled and completed baseline surveys; 38 neonates were randomised, 18 early palliative care and 20 standard care; and 34 postnatal surveys were completed. Baseline Beck Depression Inventory-II and State-Trait Anxiety Index scores exceeded normal pregnant sample scores (mean 13.76±8.46 versus 7.0±5.0 and 46.34±12.59 versus 29.8±6.35, respectively; p=0.0001); there were no significant differences between study groups. The early palliative care group had a decrease in prenatal to postnatal State-Trait Anxiety Index scores (−7.6 versus 0.3 in standard care, p=0.02), higher postnatal Brief Cope Inventory positive reframing scores (p=0.03), and a positive change in PedsQL Family Impact Module communication and family relationships scores (effect size 0.46 and 0.41, respectively). In conclusion, these data show that mothers of infants with single-ventricle disease experience significant depression and anxiety prenatally. Early palliative care resulted in decreased maternal anxiety, improved maternal positive reframing, and improved communication and family relationships.
Coronary artery spasm due to intravenous atropine infusion in a child: possible Kounis syndrome
Authors: Castellano-Martinez Ana , Rodriguez-Gonzalez Moises 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCoronary vasospasm can result from silent myocardial ischaemia to sudden death. There are many precipitant factors including different pharmacological agents. Kounis syndrome is defined by acute coronary syndromes associated with anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions. We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first paediatric case of Kounis syndrome due to intravenous atropine.
Prehospital Identification of Patients with a Final Hospital Diagnosis of Stroke
Authors: Andersson Elin , Bohlin Linda , Herlitz Johan , Sundler Annelie J. , Fekete Zoltán , Andersson Hagiwara Magnus 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionthe early phase of stroke, minutes are critical. Since the majority of patients with stroke are transported by the Emergency Medical Service (EMS), the early handling and decision making by the EMS clinician is important.ProblemThe study aim was to evaluate the frequency of a documented suspicion of stroke by the EMS nurse, and to investigate differences in the clinical signs of stroke and clinical assessment in the prehospital setting among patients with regard to if there was a documented suspicion of stroke on EMS arrival or not, in patients with a final hospital diagnosis of stroke.MethodsThe study had a retrospective observational design. Data were collected from reports on patients who were transported by the EMS and had a final diagnosis of stroke at a single hospital in western Sweden (630 beds) in 2015. The data sources were hospital and prehospital medical journals.ResultsIn total, 454 patients were included. Among them, the EMS clinician suspected stroke in 52%. The findings and documentation on patients with a suspected stroke differed from the remaining patients as follows:a)More frequently documented symptoms from the face, legs/arms, and speech;b)More frequently assessments of neurology, face, arms/legs, speech, and eyes;c)More frequently addressed the major complaint with regard to time and place of onset, duration, localization, and radiation;d)Less frequently documented symptoms of headache, vertigo, and nausea; ande)More frequently had an electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded and plasma glucose sampled.In addition to the 52% of patients who had a documented initial suspicion of stroke, seven percent of the patients had an initial suspicion of transitory ischemic attack (TIA) by the EMS clinician, and a neurologist was approached in another 10%.ConclusionAmong 454 patients with a final diagnosis of stroke who were transported by the EMS, an initial suspicion of stroke was not documented in one-half of the cases. These patients differed from those in whom a suspicion of stroke was documented in terms of limited clinical signs of stroke, a less extensive clinical assessment, and fewer clinical investigations.AnderssonE, BohlinL, HerlitzJ, SundlerAJ, FeketeZ, Andersson HagiwaraM. Prehospital identification of patients with a final hospital diagnosis of stroke. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(1):63–70.
Associations between sedentary behaviours and dietary intakes among adolescents
Authors: Fletcher Elly A , McNaughton Sarah A , Crawford David , Cleland Verity , Della Gatta Jacqueline , Hatt Jennifer , Dollman James , Timperio Anna 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the current study was to examine associations of individual and aggregated screen-based behaviours, and total sitting time, with healthy and unhealthy dietary intakes among adolescents.DesignCross-sectional study of adolescents. Participants self-reported durations of television viewing, computer use, playing electronic games (e-games), total sitting time, daily servings of fruits and vegetables, and frequency of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), diet beverages, fast foods and discretionary snacks. Logistic regression models were conducted to identify associations of screen-based behaviours, total screen time and total sitting time with dietary intakes.SettingVictoria, Australia.SubjectsAdolescents (n 939) in School Year 11 (mean age 16·8 years).ResultsThe results showed that watching television (≥2 h/d) was positively associated with consuming SSB and diet beverages each week and consuming discretionary snacks at least once daily, whereas computer use (≥2 h/d) was inversely associated with daily fruit and vegetable intake and positively associated with weekly fast-food consumption. Playing e-games (any) was inversely associated with daily vegetable intake and positively associated with weekly SSB consumption. Total screen (≥2 h/d) and sitting (h/d) times were inversely associated with daily fruit and vegetable consumption, with total screen time also positively associated with daily discretionary snack consumption and weekly consumption of SSB and fast foods.ConclusionsIndividual and aggregated screen-based behaviours, as well as total sitting time, are associated with a number of indicators of healthy and unhealthy dietary intake. Future research should explore whether reducing recreational screen time improves adolescents’ diets.
Mobile produce market influences access to fruits and vegetables in an urban environment
Authors: Hsiao Bi-sek , Sibeko Lindiwe , Wicks Kathy , Troy Lisa M 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the influence of a mobile produce market (MPM) on fruit and vegetable access.DesignNovel application of a structured assessment (five dimensions of access framework) to examine fruit and vegetable access through self-administered surveys on shopping behaviours, and perceptions and experiences of shopping at the MPM.SettingLow-income neighbourhoods with limited access to fruits and vegetables.SubjectsOlder (≥60 years) and younger (18–59·9 years) shoppers.ResultsParticipants were more likely to be women and non-White, one-third lived alone and nearly half were older adults. Compared with younger, older participants had different shopping behaviours: tended to purchase food for one person (P< 0·001), be long-term shoppers (P=0·002) and use electronic benefit transfer (EBT) cards (P=0·012). Older adults were more likely to like the market location (P=0·03), while younger adults were more likely to want changes in location (P=0·04), more activities (P=0·04), taste sampling (P=0·05) and nutritional counselling (P=0·01). The MPM captured all dimensions of access: availability, indicated by satisfaction with the produce variety for nearly one-third of all participants; accessibility, indicated by participants travelling <1 mile (<1·6 km; 72·2 %) and appreciation of location (72·7 %); affordability, indicated by satisfaction with price (47·6 %); acceptability, indicated by appreciation of produce quality (46·2 %); and accommodation, indicated by satisfaction with safety of location (30·1 %) and high EBT use among older adults (41·8 %).ConclusionsMPM may influence fruit and vegetable access in low-income urban neighbourhoods by facilitating the five dimensions of access and may especially benefit older adults and individuals living alone.
Essential thrombocythemia treatment algorithm 2018
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Barbui Tiziano 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCurrent drug therapy for myeloproliferative neoplasms, including essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV), is neither curative nor has it been shown to prolong survival. Fortunately, prognosis in ET and PV is relatively good, with median survivals in younger patients estimated at 33 and 24 years, respectively. Therefore, when it comes to treatment in ET or PV, less is more and one should avoid exposing patients to new drugs that have not been shown to be disease-modifying, and whose long-term consequences are suspect (e.g., ruxolitinib). Furthermore, the main indication for treatment in ET and PV is to prevent thrombosis and, in that regard, none of the newer drugs have been shown to be superior to the time-tested older drugs (e.g., hydroxyurea). We currently consider three major risk factors for thrombosis (history of thrombosis, JAK2/MPL mutations, and advanced age), in order to group ET patients into four risk categories: “very low risk” (absence of all three risk factors); “low risk” (presence of JAK2/MPL mutations); “intermediate-risk” (presence of advanced age); and “high-risk” (presence of thrombosis history or presence of both JAK2/MPL mutations and advanced age). Herein, we provide a point-of-care treatment algorithm that is risk-adapted and based on evidence and decades of experience.
Targeted NUDT5 inhibitors block hormone signaling in breast cancer cells
Authors: Page Brent D. G. , Valerie Nicholas C. K. , Wright Roni H. G. , Wallner Olov , Isaksson Rebecka , Carter Megan , Rudd Sean G. , Loseva Olga , Jemth Ann-Sofie , Almlöf Ingrid , Font-Mateu Jofre , Llona-Minguez Sabin , Baranczewski Pawel , Jeppsson Fredrik , Homan Evert , Almqvist Helena , Axelsson Hanna , Regmi Shruti , Gustavsson Anna-Lena , Lundbäck Thomas , Scobie Martin , Strömberg Kia , Stenmark Pål , Beato Miguel , Helleday Thomas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWith a diverse network of substrates, NUDIX hydrolases have emerged as a key family of nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes. NUDT5 (also called NUDIX5) has been implicated in ADP-ribose and 8-oxo-guanine metabolism and was recently identified as a rheostat of hormone-dependent gene regulation and proliferation in breast cancer cells. Here, we further elucidate the physiological relevance of known NUDT5 substrates and underscore the biological requirement for NUDT5 in gene regulation and proliferation of breast cancer cells. We confirm the involvement of NUDT5 in ADP-ribose metabolism and dissociate a relationship to oxidized nucleotide sanitation. Furthermore, we identify potent NUDT5 inhibitors, which are optimized to promote maximal NUDT5 cellular target engagement by CETSA. Lead compound, TH5427, blocks progestin-dependent, PAR-derived nuclear ATP synthesis and subsequent chromatin remodeling, gene regulation and proliferation in breast cancer cells. We herein present TH5427 as a promising, targeted inhibitor that can be used to further study NUDT5 activity and ADP-ribose metabolism.
The lncRNA GATA6-AS epigenetically regulates endothelial gene expression via interaction with LOXL2
Authors: Neumann Philipp , Jaé Nicolas , Knau Andrea , Glaser Simone F. , Fouani Youssef , Rossbach Oliver , Krüger Marcus , John David , Bindereif Albrecht , Grote Phillip , Boon Reinier A. , Dimmeler Stefanie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractImpaired or excessive growth of endothelial cells contributes to several diseases. However, the functional involvement of regulatory long non-coding RNAs in these processes is not well defined. Here, we show that the long non-coding antisense transcript of GATA6 (GATA6-AS) interacts with the epigenetic regulator LOXL2 to regulate endothelial gene expression via changes in histone methylation. Using RNA deep sequencing, we find that GATA6-AS is upregulated in endothelial cells during hypoxia. Silencing of GATA6-AS diminishes TGF-β2-induced endothelial–mesenchymal transition in vitro and promotes formation of blood vessels in mice. We identify LOXL2, known to remove activating H3K4me3 chromatin marks, as a GATA6-AS-associated protein, and reveal a set of angiogenesis-related genes that are inversely regulated by LOXL2 and GATA6-AS silencing. As GATA6-AS silencing reduces H3K4me3 methylation of two of these genes, periostin and cyclooxygenase-2, we conclude that GATA6-AS acts as negative regulator of nuclear LOXL2 function.
Single-molecule FRET reveals multiscale chromatin dynamics modulated by HP1α
Authors: Kilic Sinan , Felekyan Suren , Doroshenko Olga , Boichenko Iuliia , Dimura Mykola , Vardanyan Hayk , Bryan Louise C. , Arya Gaurav , Seidel Claus A. M. , Fierz Beat 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe dynamic architecture of chromatin fibers, a key determinant of genome regulation, is poorly understood. Here, we employ multimodal single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer studies to reveal structural states and their interconversion kinetics in chromatin fibers. We show that nucleosomes engage in short-lived (micro- to milliseconds) stacking interactions with one of their neighbors. This results in discrete tetranucleosome units with distinct interaction registers that interconvert within hundreds of milliseconds. Additionally, we find that dynamic chromatin architecture is modulated by the multivalent architectural protein heterochromatin protein 1α (HP1α), which engages methylated histone tails and thereby transiently stabilizes stacked nucleosomes. This compacted state nevertheless remains dynamic, exhibiting fluctuations on the timescale of HP1α residence times. Overall, this study reveals that exposure of internal DNA sites and nucleosome surfaces in chromatin fibers is governed by an intrinsic dynamic hierarchy from micro- to milliseconds, allowing the gene regulation machinery to access compact chromatin.