bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Analysis of Genetic Markers for Non‐Hodgkin Lymphomas
Authors: Sholl Lynette M. , Longtine Janina , Kuo Frank C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMolecular analysis complements the clinical and histopathologic tools used to diagnose and subclassify hematologic malignancies. The presence of clonal antigen‐receptor gene rearrangements can help to confirm the diagnosis of a B or T cell lymphoma and can serve as a fingerprint of that neoplasm to be used in identifying concurrent disease at disparate sites or recurrence at future time points. Certain lymphoid malignancies harbor a characteristic chromosomal translocation, a finding that may have significant implications for an individual's prognosis or response to therapy. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is typically used to detect antigen‐receptor gene rearrangements as well as specific translocations that can be supplemented by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and karyotype analysis. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Enhanced carbon storage through management for old‐growth characteristics in northern hardwood‐conifer forests
Authors: Ford Sarah E. , Keeton William S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractForest management practices emphasizing stand structural complexity are of interest across the northern forest region of the United States because of their potential to enhance carbon storage. Our research is part of a long‐term study evaluating silvicultural treatments that promote late‐successional forest characteristics in northern hardwood‐conifer forests. We are testing the hypothesis that aboveground biomass development (carbon storage) is greater in structural complexity enhancement (SCE) treatments when compared to conventional uneven‐aged treatments. Structural complexity enhancement treatments were compared against selection systems (single‐tree and group) modified to retain elevated structure. Manipulations and controls were replicated across 2‐ha treatment units at two study areas in Vermont, United States. Data on aboveground biomass pools (live trees, standing dead, and downed wood) were collected pre‐ and post‐treatment, then again a decade later. Species group‐specific allometric equations were used to estimate live and standing dead biomass, and downed log biomass was estimated volumetrically. We used the Forest Vegetation Simulator to project “no‐treatment” baselines specific to treatment units, allowing measured carbon responses to be normalized against differences in site characteristics affecting tree growth and pre‐treatment stand structure. Results indicate that biomass development and carbon storage 10 yr post‐treatment were greatest inSCEtreatments compared to conventional treatments, with the greatest increases in coarse woody material (CWM) pools. Structural complexity enhancement treatments contained 12.67 Mg/ha carbon inCWMcompared to 6.62 Mg/ha in conventional treatments and 8.84 Mg/ha in areas with no treatment. Percentage differences between post‐treatment carbon and simulated/projected baseline values indicate that carbon pool values inSCEtreatments returned closest to pre‐harvest or untreated levels over conventional treatments. Total carbon storage inSCEaboveground pools was 15.90% less than that projected for no‐treatment compared to 44.94% less in conventionally treated areas. Results from classification and regression tree models indicated treatment as the strongest predictor of aboveground C storage followed by site‐specific variables, suggesting a strong influence of both on carbon pools. Structural enhancement treatments have the potential to increase carbon storage in managed northern hardwoods. They offer an alternative for sustainable management integrating carbon, associated climate change mitigation benefits, and late‐successional forest structure and habitat.
Implication for second primary cancer from visible oral and oropharyngeal premalignant lesions in betel‐nut chewing related oral cancer
Authors: Liu Shyun‐Yu , Feng I‐Jung , Wu Yu‐Wei , Chen Ching‐Yuan , Hsiung Chao‐Nan , Chang Hsueh‐Wei , Lin Che‐Yi , Chang Min‐Te , Yu Hsi‐Chien , Lee Sheng‐Yang , Yen Ching‐Yu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundVisible oral and oropharyngeal premalignant lesions may be used to monitor for a second primary oral cancer. To control for bias, we focused on the visible oral and oropharyngeal premalignant lesions of patients with oral cancer with a positive betel‐nut chewing habit. Visible oral and oropharyngeal premalignant lesions that can predict second primary oral cancers were studied.MethodsNine hundred ninety‐seven patients with positive betel‐nut chewing habits and oral cancer were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. We analyzed the relevance of their visible oral and oropharyngeal premalignant lesion incidence and relative clinicopathological variables to the development of a second primary oral cancer.ResultsSecond primary oral cancer risk was significantly higher in patients with positive visible oral and oropharyngeal premalignant lesions (P < .0001), especially in younger patients (P = .0023; ≤40 years: adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.66; 40‐60 years: adjusted OR 2.61). The heterogeneous leukoplakia was (adjusted OR 2.17) higher than homogeneous leukoplakia.ConclusionThe predictive value and practicality of visible oral and oropharyngeal premalignant lesions make it a potentially valuable marker in follow‐ups of patients with a positive betel‐nut chewing habit with oral cancer, especially young patients with heterogeneous leukoplakia.
Effect of the greenhouse design on the thermal behavior and microclimate distribution in greenhouses installed under semi‐arid climate
Authors: Mesmoudi K. , Meguallati KH. , Bournet PE. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGreenhouse design and cover material properties may strongly impact greenhouse energy. To study the effect of these parameters, three typical unheated agricultural buildings equipped with rows of canopy were considered, and two‐dimensional simulations were conducted using the discrete ordinate model for simulating radiative transfers. Experiments were conducted to establish the boundary conditions and to validate the model. Two parametric studies were carried out: one for the nocturnal period when the energy performance of each type of greenhouse was investigated, and one for the diurnal period, when the sun path was simulated taking into account the type of the cover, its spectral optical and thermal properties. Results indicate that for the diurnal period, and for both plastic greenhouses equipped with fully opened side vents, the air located between the rows of canopy and ground surfaces remained very slow, not exceeding 0.2 m/s; for the Venlo glasshouse, the recirculation loop situated above the crop improved the air mixing and induced a good homogenization. Results also indicate that the cover material with the highest absorptivity, deteriorated the natural ventilation, increasing the air temperature by convection, enhancing local air temperature favoring the development of a secondary recirculation, and reduced the available photosynthetically active radiation. Concerning the nocturnal period, the ambient air temperature in the tunnel and in the vertical wall of the greenhouse was relatively homogenous and warmer than the temperature in the Venlo greenhouse. During the nocturnal period, the plastic greenhouse (in particular the one with the tunnel) performed better in regard to the homogenization of the climate and thermal energy storage.
New approach to weight-of-evidence assessment of ecotoxicological effects in regulatory decision-making
Authors: Hall A Tilghman , Belanger Scott E , Guiney Pat D , Galay-Burgos Malyka , Maack Gerd , Stubblefield William , Martin Olwenn 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Ecological risk assessments and risk management decisions are only as sound as the underlying information and processes to integrate them. It is important to develop transparent and reproducible procedures a priori to integrate often-heterogeneous evidence. Current weight-of-evidence (WoE) approaches for effects or hazard assessment tend to conflate aspects of the assessment of the quality of the data with the strength of the body of evidence as a whole. We take forward recent developments in the critical appraisal of the reliability and relevance of individual ecotoxicological studies as part of the effect or hazard assessment of prospective risk assessments and propose a streamlined WoE approach. The aim is to avoid overlap and double accounting of criteria used in reliability and relevance with that used in current WoE methods. The protection goals, problem formulation, and evaluation process need to be clarified at the outset. The data are first integrated according to lines of evidence (LoEs), typically mechanistic insights (e.g., cellular, subcellular, genomic), in vivo experiments, and higher-tiered field or observational studies. Data are then plotted on the basis of both relevance and reliability scores or categories. This graphical approach provides a means to visually assess and communicate the credibility (reliability and relevance of available individual studies), quantity, diversity, and consistency of the evidence. In addition, the external coherence of the body of evidence needs to be considered. The final step in the process is to derive an expression of the confidence in the conclusions of integrating the information considering these 5 aspects in the context of remaining uncertainties. We suggest that this streamlined approach to WoE for the effects or hazard characterization should facilitate reproducible and transparent assessments of data across different regulatory requirements. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:573–579. © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)

Key Points
Relevance assessment of ecotoxicity studies is required to ensure appropriate use in hazard and risk assessment of chemicals.
A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SYSTEM TESTABILITY AND MODULARITY
Authors: Efatmaneshnik Mahmoud , Ryan Michael 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTModularity is one approach to design that, amongst other design attributes, facilitates testability. However, the relationship between the type of modularization and system testability is under‐researched. In this paper we present a probabilistic model of testability that enables us to study the relationships between modularity and testability. In particular, we focus on the costs and benefits associated with the particular modularizations selected for the sole purpose of system testability. We show that adopting appropriate testing architecture through careful modularization can greatly enhance efficiency and effectiveness of system testing.
TOWARDS THE AUTOMATION OF MODEL‐BASED DESIGN VERIFICATION
Authors: Schamai Wladimir , Albarello Nicolas , Helle Philipp , Buffoni Lena , Fritzson Peter 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTModeling and simulation of complex systems is at the heart of any modern engineering activity. Engineers strive to predict the behavior of the system under development in order to get answers to particular questions long before physical prototypes or the actual system are built and today tested in real life. One of the critical questions is whether a particular system design fulfills or violates requirements imposed on the system under development. In this paper, we discuss an approach to model‐based design verification by simulating system dynamic behavior including formalized requirements. We illustrate the approach on a case study – the verification of a new design for flight control surfaces activation against requirements. The contributions of this paper are the evaluation of a new requirements formalization approach using the recently developed Modelica requirements library, and the discussion of solutions for automating the simulation model composition.
Automotive display innovation: 12.3‐inch automotive free‐form curved cluster
Authors: Yuan Feng , Zhang Guowei , Ma Qing , Sun Pai , Yu Yangbing , Zhang Ruichen , Yoon D.K. , Li Zhifu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAs the market share of automotive display increased, special used displays are required; BOE developed 12.3‐inch automotive free‐form curved cluster. For this product, free‐form and curved design can be matched in vehicle preferably. Meanwhile, it is designed in automotive class, which means that this product will perform excellently in severe environment.
Highly reflective subtractive color filters capitalizing on a silicon metasurface integrated with nanostructured aluminum mirrors
Authors: Yue Wenjing , Gao Song , Lee Sang‐Shin , Kim Eun‐Soo , Choi Duk‐Yong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMetasurface‐based color filters have been recently applied for the creation of imaging devices and color printing in a subwavelength scale. In this work, a highly reflective subtractive color filter featuring an excellent color contrast is conceived and demonstrated, by exploiting a crystalline‐silicon nanopillar (NP)‐based dielectric metasurface integrated with an aluminum disk mirror (DM) and holey mirror (HM) at the top and bottom, respectively. A deep suppression in reflection is acquired through a magnetic dipole (MD) resonance that is supported by the constituent NP, and can be effectively tailored via the control of the NP diameter. The cooperation of the nanostructured DM and HM plays a dual role of dramatically boosting the efficiency and reinforcing the confinement of the MD in the NP, which is primarily accountable for the reduction in the spectral bandwidth. For the manufactured filters, both a high reflection efficiency reaching ∼70% and relatively small bandwidth of ∼55 nm are attained, thus leading to a broad palette of vivid and bright colors. The proposed devices are supposed to exhibit a polarization‐insensitive operation and a relaxed angular tolerance, thereby facilitating the implementation of miniaturized display/imaging devices with a high resolution and excellent color fidelity.
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TRASER: An innovative device for the treatment of nasal telangiectasias
Authors: Friedman Paul M. , Tolkachjov Stanislav N. , Geddes Elizabeth R. , Tillman Karl A. , Zachary Christopher B. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundDestruction of blood vessels by selective photothermolysis has been successfully achieved using a number of different laser and light systems, none of which provide significant independent variation in parameters such as wavelength.ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel configurable device in the treatment of nasal telangiectasias.MethodsFifteen subjects aged 42–73 with Fitzpatrick skin types I and II were treated for nasal telangiectasias of various sizes. Efficacy was measured by blinded analysis of pre and post images and self‐assessment by the subjects. The primary endpoint was a 2‐point improvement of telangiectasia based on a 5‐point Telangiectasia Scale comparing the pre‐treatment photograph to the post‐treatment photograph at 30 days post final treatment by an independent reviewer. Treatment completion was defined as >75% vessel clearance. The TRASER (Total Reflection Amplification of Spontaneous Emission Radiation) was configured to produce a narrow spectral output, peaking at 541 ± 5 nm, with 20–40 millisecond pulses over an energy density range of 15–40 J/cm2 utilizing a 12 mm spot size were delivered with contact sapphire cooling tip at approximately 10°C.ResultsAll 13 subjects (100%) in the efficacy population achieved procedure success at the end of the final treatment, that is a 2‐point improvement of telangiectasis on the telangiectasia scale (pre‐ vs. post‐treatment). A single treatment was effective in >75% of patients with at least a 75% reduction in blood vessels. Larger vessels responded well to longer pulse durations (40 milliseconds) while smaller vessels responded best to shorter pulse durations (25 milliseconds). No serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded.LimitationShort‐term (1 month) follow up.ConclusionThe TRASER device is a safe and effective option for treatment of nasal telangiectasias with all subjects meeting primary endpoint success at the end of treatment and the majority of subjects demonstrating clearance after only one treatment. These treatments were well tolerated and provided high patient satisfaction. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:625–631, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Flower‐Like Polybutadiene
Authors: Nicol Erwan , Nzé René‐Ponce , Kaewbuddee Suwat , Gaillard Cédric , Carlotti Stéphane 
Published: April 2017

Synthesis of complex macromolecular architectures exhibiting no chain ends such as flower‐like polymers is still of interest in the aim of investigating their physicochemical properties. For this purpose, poly(3,4‐dimethyl maleic imidoethyl acrylate)‐block‐polybutadiene‐block‐poly(3,4‐dimethyl maleic imidoethyl acrylate) triblock copolymer is synthesized in a convergent manner using a combination of living polymerization (anionic polymerization), reversible deactivation radical polymerization, and click chemistry. This copolymer is self‐assembled in a selective solvent (heptane/THF mixture) of the polybutadiene block leading to the formation of flower‐like micelles in thermodynamic equilibrium in dilute solution. These resulting transient architectures are fixed by covalently crosslinking the micelles core by inducing [2+2] cyclodimerization of the 3,4‐dimethyl maleic imidoethyl groups borne by the short solvophobic blocks under UV irradiation. Single flowers are isolated from residual non‐crosslinked chains by semipreparative size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and characterized by 1H NMR, SEC, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
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Improved dark blood late gadolinium enhancement (DB‐LGE) imaging using an optimized joint inversion preparation and T2 magnetization preparation
Authors: Basha Tamer A. , Tang Maxine C. , Tsao Connie , Tschabrunn Cory M. , Anter Elad , Manning Warren J. , Nezafat Reza 
Published: April 2017

PurposeTo develop a dark blood–late gadolinium enhancement (DB‐LGE) sequence that improves scar–blood contrast and delineation of scar region.MethodsThe DB‐LGE sequence uses an inversion pulse followed by T2 magnetization preparation to suppress blood and normal myocardium. Time delays inserted after preparation pulses and T2‐magnetization‐prep duration are used to adjust tissue contrast. Selection of these parameters was optimized using numerical simulations and phantom experiments. We evaluated DB‐LGE in 9 swine and 42 patients (56 ± 14 years, 33 male). Improvement in scar–blood contrast and overall image quality was subjectively evaluated by two independent readers (1 = poor, 4 = excellent). The signal ratios among scar, blood, and myocardium were compared.ResultsSimulations and phantom studies demonstrated that simultaneous nulling of myocardium and blood can be achieved by selecting appropriate timing parameters. The scar–blood contrast score was significantly higher for DB‐LGE (P < 0.001) with no significant difference in overall image quality (P > 0.05). Scar–blood signal ratios for DB‐LGE versus LGE were 5.0 ± 2.8 versus 1.5 ± 0.5 (P < 0.001) for patients, and 2.2 ± 0.7 versus 1.0 ± 0.4 (P = 0.0023) for animals. Scar–myocardium signal ratios were 5.7 ± 2.9 versus 6.3 ± 2.6 (P = 0.35) for patients, and 3.7 ± 1.1 versus 4.1 ± 2.0 (P = 0.60) for swine.ConclusionsThe DB‐LGE sequence simultaneously reduces normal myocardium and blood signal intensity, thereby enhancing scar–blood contrast while preserving scar–myocardium contrast. Magn Reson Med 79:351–360, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Treatment outcomes of children with Hodgkin lymphoma between 2000 and 2010: First report by the South African Children's Cancer Study Group
Authors: Geel Jennifer A. , Chirwa Tobias C. , Rowe Biance , Eyal Katherine C. , Omar Fareed , Stones David K. , Goga Yasmin , Stefan D. Cristina , van Zyl Anel , Van Emmenes Barry , Wedi Oloko , Vaithilingum Manickavallie , Hendricks Marc G. ,   for the South African Children's Cancer Study Group
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundChildren with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) have excellent survival rates in high‐income countries, but there are minimal outcome data in South African patients. Differing approaches to treatment are used in centres across South Africa, and the South African Children's Cancer Study Group (SACCSG) embarked on a programme to audit outcomes to improve survival rates.Patients and MethodsA multicentre study was conducted to analyse outcomes and prognostic factors of children with HL in South Africa. Ten dedicated South African paediatric oncology units participated in a retrospective data review. All patients with HL treated consecutively between January 2000 and December 2010 were included. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression model were employed to determine survival rates and prognostic factors.ResultsTwo hundred and ninety‐four patients were eligible for inclusion. The median age at presentation was 9.6 years (range 2.9–18.8); 55.4% of the patients presented with Stage III and IV disease and 9.9% were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. First‐line therapy consisted of adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (ABVD) in 158 patients, vincristine, procarbazine/etoposide, prednisone and doxorubicin in 97 and adriamycin, bleomycin, vincristine and dacarbazine–chlorambucil, vinblastine, prednisone and procarbazine in 23 patients. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 79% (95% confidence interval 73–84%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that HIV infection (P = 0.018) and Ann Arbor Stage III and IV disease (P = 0.006) conferred a poor prognosis, while treatment with ABVD was associated with higher survival rates (P = 0.028).ConclusionOS rates are encouraging for a middle‐income country, although economic disparities continue to impact negatively on outcomes. Study results will form the basis for the development of national protocol and continued advocacy to rectify disparities.
Preparing childhood cancer survivors for transition to adult care: The young adult perspective
Authors: Frederick Natasha N. , Bober Sharon L. , Berwick Lexie , Tower Mary , Kenney Lisa B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundChildhood cancer survivors (CCSs) remain at risk for developing treatment‐associated health conditions as they age; however, many do not obtain recommended follow‐up, putting them at unnecessary risk for morbidity. Educational interventions targeted at providing survivors with the knowledge and skills necessary for healthcare independence might improve adherence and outcomes as they transition care to the adult medical system.ObjectiveTo identify informational needs, educational preferences, and support that young adult CCSs perceive as beneficial for transition from pediatric to adult medical care.Design/MethodSixteen young adult CCSs (ages 22–39 years) who have transitioned to adult care participated in focus groups led by a trained moderator and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.ResultsFour major themes emerged: (1) education preferences—pediatric oncology provider as the primary source of information and guidance, enhanced by other formats, and early and ongoing engagement in education; (2) family role in transition—desire for independence and acknowledgement of need for ongoing parental support; (3) expectations for adult providers, such as close relationships, open communication, and care coordination; and (4) knowledge deficits regarding disease/treatment history, risk for long‐term complications, and navigation of the adult medical system.ConclusionTransition education as described by young adult CCSs should be a developmentally appropriate process beginning in early adolescents, primarily administered by pediatric oncology providers, and delivered in multiple formats. While healthcare independence is a goal for young adult CCSs, all stakeholders must recognize that families and providers continue to have an important role supporting survivors with transition logistics and medical decision‐making.