bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numenius Fr. 13 and Plato’s Timaeus
Authors: Tarrant H. A. S. 
Published: July 2016

John Whittaker has again challenged the assumption that Numenius fr. 13 (des Places = fr. 22 Leemans) requires emendation at the beginning of the second sentence:Without doubt he is correct in assuming that Numenius must have been familiar with the Judaeo-Christian manner of referring to the supreme God as ‘he who is’; one notes that other philosophers of his age, less concerned than he with Jewish religion, had adopted doctrine which would support such a formula; and it does not seem inappropriate that Numenius, who was capable of referring to this divinity as αύτοὸν (fr. 17 dP = 26 L), should use the expression ὸ ὢν as well. I have little doubt that the text does not require emendation, but I do not believe that the principal factor which has led Dodds, Thillet, and Dillon to propose emendations has been fully understood; and a more difficult problem concerning the fragment’s relation to Timaeus 41a ff. requires considerable
discussion.
Patrician Censors 218-50 B.C.
Authors: Develin R. 
Published: July 2016

In a recent note in Historia Léonie Hayne has written the following:‘In his study of the censorship, Suolahti has drawn the conclusion that election to the censorship for patricians after 218 normally happened at the earliest opportunity after their consulship.’Partly on the basis of this she suggests that Cn. Servilius Caepio, cos. 141 and eventually censor in 125, may have suffered a repulse in the censorial elections of 131, having stood in tandem with Q. Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus. Those elections, of course, produced the first all-plebeian censorial college.Hayne, therefore, has used data on censors arranged in an extensive chronological framework in the middle of which stand the elections in question. My own attempts to present patterned data which may help to elucidate the phenomena of Roman politics have made me particularly aware of the necessity to arrange such data in compartments of defensible significance. So here I must object to the use of ‘after 218’ as a proper time reference for the evidence. The plebeian college of 131 would seem to present one significant point of division. This was in fact realized by Suolahti, who uses two periods, not one, namely 218-133 and 133-30, and who is much more cautious and much less specific about patricians. Yet, even so, one must be careful about assembling or describing the data in convenient periods. Perhaps this is especially so with the censorship, a position only filled once every five years in normal circumstances, so that to have a reasonable number of censors on which to base statistical conclusions, one must necessarily encompass a considerable span of time.
Shame, Honour and the Hero in Sophocles’ Electra
Authors: McDevitt A.S. 
Published: July 2016

‘O seed of Atreus, after how many sufferings have you come forth with difficulty into freedom, perfected by this present enterprise.’In these words the Chorus expresses a typically choral summation of the action. By the murder of Clytaemnestra and Aegisthus, Electra and Orestes have at last won through to freedom; they have put an end to the long history of violence and vengeance which has plagued the house of Pelops from the beginning. The morality of the matricide is not in question. The Chorus regards it simply as both necessary and just, however dreadful it may seem to dispassionate reflection. For the Chorus, the justice of the matricide is self-evident, as it was necessary to restore Orestes to his rightful throne, to bring an end to the chain of violence and retribution and to restore the house of Atreus to its proper condition. In these final words the Chorus betrays no sense of unease; there is no suggestion that the matricide may have repercussions in the future. There is nothing, in short, in these words, other than the happy anticipation of a life, from this point on, of prosperity and freedom. The Pelopid curse has run its course, the chain is broken, and all has come to a satisfactory and just conclusion.
The Quotations of Republican Drama in Priscian’s Treatise De Metris Fabularum Terentii
Authors: Jocelyn H.D. 
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this article is to draw attention to an unnoticed feature of the arrangement of Priscian’s treatise De metris fabularum Terentii and to speculate upon the origin of the quotations of republican drama contained in this treatise.Priscianus of Caesarea in Mauretania taught Latin at Constantinople during the reign of Anastasius (491-518), a period when literary culture was in steep decline throughout the Latin-speaking Western Mediterranean. The mass of the population of Constantinople was probably Greek, at least in language, from the time of the city’s foundation but Constantine intended its public institutions to be Roman, and the emperors of the fifth and sixth centuries, most of whom either came from Latin-speaking communities or had received their principal education in Latin, jealously preserved the formal links with old Roman tradition. The Latin language remained in regular use in the army and the civil service until the time of Justinian. The latter even published his codification of the law in this language, although he issued most of his nouellae in Greek. Latin maintained itself longest on the coinage. Theodosius II made careful provision for the teaching of Latin grammar and rhetoric when he organized a state university in 425. The royal library, which lost 120,000 volumes in the fire of 475, possessed Latin as well as Greek works. At least three noted Latin grammarians, Euanthius, Charisius and Cledonius, taught at Constantinople before Priscian’s time.
A Final Reflection on the Alleged Indirect Reflexive in IG i3 66.22
Authors: Henry Alan S. 
Published: July 2016

On the editors’ suggestion, Professors Meritt and McGregor have generously afforded me the opportunity to conclude our scholarly exchange with a brief comment on their latest remarks (see above, pp.21-24).First, a few points of detail.(i) I still find unacceptable the label ‘indirect reflexive’ given to the phenomenon in dispute, and I see no reason to retract anything I wrote in Antichthon 17 (1983), 32-36 on the grammatical case,(ii) The alternative restorations outlined by me (ibid. 31) were not proposals as such but merely exempli gratia suggestions. I entirely agree that it is undesirable ‘to restore errors and irregularities’ — though the doubled sigma is not demonstrably an error — but what I have suggested can at least be paralleled elsewhere on Attic stones. Likewise, although may well be unacceptable in i3 62.10-11, that does not mean that the heavily restored must therefore necessarily be right.
Notes and Conjectures on the Astronomica of Manilius
Authors: Gain D.B. 
Published: July 2016

i 66 nam rudis ante illos nullo discrimine uitain speciem conuersa operum ratione carebatet stupefacta nouo pendebat lumine mundi,turn uelut amisso maerens, turn laeta ren‹ato.surgentem neque enim totiens Titana fug›atis70 sideribus, uariosque dies incertaque noctistempora nee similis umbras, iam sole regressoiam propiore, suis poterat discernere causis.69 amisso … renato Breiter, amissis … renatis Ω inter ren et atis lacunam indicaui et expleui 72 poterat discernere iam apud Scaligerum, poterant discernere Ω, impar discernere Bentleius, discernere nescia Housmannus‘Before them men were ignorant and lacking in the power of penetration. They observed only the outward appearance of things and did not know the reasons for phenomena. It was with bewilderment that they observed intently the light of the sky, so strange an object to them. At one time they grieved for it as if they had lost it forever, at another were joyful as if it had been born anew. They were unable to discover why the sun rises so often (putting the stars to flight) or to discern the true cause of the variation in the duration of night and day and in the length of shadows cast by objects, a variation which really depends on how near or far away the sun is.’
Some Examples of Imitation in the Similes of Later Greek Epic
Authors: James A.W. 
Published: July 2016

It may be helpful to the non-specialist for me to make, by way of introduction, some general observations on the use of similes by the poets from whom my examples are taken.Already with the similes of the Iliad and the Odyssey it is apparent that we have to do both with a repertoire of themes that have become traditional and at the same time with a considerable number of verbal pictures which have the appearance of being the free invention of a particular poet. This situation remains broadly true of the similes of later Greek epic, but with the major difference that at least with several of the surviving poems from the Hellenistic period onwards the traditional becomes relatively much less prominent than the freely original, both in subject-matter and in form. However, a point that must be stressed at the outset is the sustained effectiveness of the Homeric similes as models and sources of inspiration. That Homeric dependence for subject-matter should be more prominent in the similes than in the narrative of later epics is only to be expected, except perhaps in such works as Quintus’ Posthomerica, where there is a close affinity with the narrative of the Homeric epics, and to a large extent dependence in formal expression goes together with thematic dependence.
Occupational and Climatic Rates of Mortality
Authors: M‘Taggart I. A. , Stobie T. G. 
Published: July 2016

SynopsisIn his inaugural address the President, dealing with the subject of research in connection with climatic and occupational rates of mortality, suggested that the Faculty might consider the advisability of the question being remitted to a committee to consider and report. In consequence a Sub-Committee was appointed by the Faculty Mortality Committee on 21st November 1930 to consider the subject of extra premiums for occupational and climatic risks generally. The time therefore seems appropriate for the submission to the Faculty for discussion of a paper on this subject.The paper falls naturally into two sections. Section I contains a summary of the work which has been done in the past, chiefly in this country and America : it is hoped that it will form a convenient source of information on the subject, and further, that it will be of use inasmuch as any new method should rest on the basis of a full study of what has been done in the past. It may be mentioned that no attempt has been made to criticise or in any way to indicate the value or otherwise of the studies summarised. Endeavour has been made to include all the more recent studies which have a bearing on the subject under discussion, but it is of course difficult to avoid overlooking some which should have been included.In Section II consideration is given to the methods used in the past, particularly to those employed in connection with the Joint Occupation Study. This leads to the formulation of an object for the proposed statistical investigation, and attention is then given to the problems of attaining this object with particular reference to the needs and practice of assurance companies in this country. A brief description is given of how the proposed investigation might be undertaken, and the following subjects are dealt with :—(a) the hazardous groups to be investigated;(b) the methods of recording the data ;(c) the methods of collecting the data.The relation of the proposed investigation to the Continuous Mortality Investigation now proceeding and to any medico-actuarial investigation which, may be contemplated is discussed ; the suggestion is made that a comprehensive system of collecting the data should be instituted and that the information necessary for a standard, an occupational and climatic, and a medico-actuarial mortality investigation should be embodied on one uniform mortality card.
Farm Level Demand for Pecans Reconsidered
Authors: Wells Gary J. , Miller Stephen E. , Thompson C. Stassen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPrevious studies have consistently indicated the anomalous result of a price inflexible demand for pecans. However, these efforts did not have an adequate measure of pecan stocks available and, as a result, stocks were either excluded from consideration or a proxy variable was introduced. A time series of pecan stocks is now available. Use of this time series in a price dependent demand function results in a flexible farm level demand for pecans. This points out the danger of excluding an appropriate variable or using a so-called “reasonable” proxy variable.
On a Name Change for the Journal
Authors: Epperson J. E. , Huang C. L. , Fu T. T. , Fletcher S. M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMembership of the Southern Agricultural Economics Association (SAEA) was polled to ascertain the strength of support for changing the name of the Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics (SJAE) to eliminate the regional connotation. The general view was that a name change is unwarranted. The overall impression of our profession is that the SJAE is a high quality journal and that the name is not the crucial factor in promulgating this image but rather the continued striving for excellence. A number of profiles were developed to show that the ordered-response model may be used in predicting probabilities for those who would or would not likely favor a name change.
Meshing Natural Resource Use and Development with Increasing Urbanization
Authors: Back W. B. 
Published: July 2016

C. R. Enock, speaking as a conservationist in 1913, made a plea for the merging of the sciences into a new science “ …a comprehensive and constructive science whose aim would be to evolve and teach the principles under which economic equilibrium in the life of communities may be attained”. He stated, further:…the real science of living on the earth, or “human geography,” the adaption of natural resources and national potentialities to the life of the community, has never been formulated. The congestion of the population in towns, the desertion of countryside, the high cost of living, low wages, unemployment and so forth are related phenomena, intimately connected with the conservation and development of natural resources …
Effects of Industrialization on Capital Requirements for Southern Agriculture
Authors: Bostwick Don 
Published: July 2016

Industrialization is a synonym for the industrywide adoption of the systems approach to production. Agriculture in the South will approach the highly organized state currently exhibited by broiler and hog producers, and perhaps pulp and sugar and some cattle feeding operations. I shall define the two terms “industrialization” and “capital” quite briefly, and proceed to a discussion of effects such a development might have on capital requirements.In general, industrialization means an increase in the degree of organization, the coherence and internal dependence between separable parts of a production process.
The Cotton Program Under the Food and Agriculture Act of 1965
Authors: Vermeer James 
Published: July 2016

Many features incorporated in the Food and Agriculture Act of 1965 were previously tested for feed grain and wheat but used little, if at all, for controlling production and supporting incomes from cotton. The Act included additional provisions specifically applicable to cotton. The following analysis is directed toward appraising the effects of the Act on cotton production, on the income of cotton producers, and on Government costs.The Agriculture Act of 1965 marked a major change in the emphasis of farm programs. It was the first legislation to officially recognize (by legislation for a 4-year program) that the surplus production of specific commodities was not a temporary problem that could be solved with temporary programs.
The Optimum Geographical Location of Burley Tobacco Production within the Burley Belt
Authors: Grise Verner 
Published: July 2016

Burley tobacco is a major crash crop in Kentucky, middle and eastern Tennessee, and Southwestern Virginia. Burley tobacco acreages and the farm acreage distributions of burley tobacco have been determined by the United States Department of Agriculture since 1933. In 1966, approximately 250,000 acres of burley tobacco was alloted to farmers in the United States.The purpose of burley acreage allotments has been to equate the supply and demand for burley tobacco at a price considerably higher than that which a free market would establish.
Relationships of Labor Costs to Selected Variables in Flue-Cured Tobacco Production
Authors: Bradford Garnett L. 
Published: July 2016

Since 1960, data from “typical” enterprise budgets have been used extensively in several studies dealing with a wide variety of problems. Budgets were compiled in cost-of-production studies by Green, Pierce and Williams, Coutu and Mangum and the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service. Without surprise, extensive use of these budgets has focused attention on their limitations.More extensive and precise field measurements were needed for several cost items, particularly labor costs. In addition, certain types of cost-input or cost-output relationships were implicit in such constant-type coefficients—relationships which may or may not exist in reality. It may be true, for example, that X hours of priming labor are required to harvest Y pounds of tobacco, but it might require α + 1.8X hours to harvest 2Y pounds.
An Economic Appraisal of the U. S. Tung Oil Economy
Authors: Matthews Jimmy L. , Womack Abner W. 
Published: July 2016

Tung has been a preferred natural drying oil because of the high gloss finish, durability and water resistance qualities which it imparts to paint, varnish and lacquer products. However, increased competition from chemical synthetics, combined with lower prices for other natural oils since the early 1950's, has brought a decline of domestic tung oil consumption from 72.4 million pounds in 1950-51 to around 32 million pounds in 1968–69.The mandatory support program, initiated in 1948, obligates the Commodity Credit Corporation to support tung oil prices to growers at a minimum 65 percent of parity or at 24.3 cents per pound in 1968. Large accumulations of CCC stocks, close to 63 million pounds in 1966, triggered a change in CCC inventory policy.
A Simultaneous Equation Approach to Production Response: Delta Region
Authors: Penn J. B. , Irwin George D. 
Published: July 2016

Soybeans occupy the unique position of common denominator in crop production for much of the Eastern half of the U.S. The interdependence between the soybean economy and those of corn, cotton, and rice means that policy changes directed toward one crop can have very decided effects upon the others.Effective policy and program decisions need continuing research as input in formulating and evaluating these decisions. Detailed analyses of inter- and intraregional interdependence among crops, and of production alternatives involving soybeans, are especially needed because it is no longer certain that an expanding demand will provide a safety valve for soybean and related commodity programs [4,9].
An Analytical Approach to the Consolidation of Counties in North and West Florida Based on Educational Efficiency Criteria
Authors: Ricker William D. , Tyner Fred H. 
Published: July 2016

Both public officials and private organizations are becoming increasingly concerned with the need for improved efficiency in and reorganization of local governments. The seriousness of the financial crises in both state and local governments is nowhere more evident than in the President's proposal for federal revenue sharing with the state and local governments.The fiscal problems of local government, however, are more pervasive than temporary funding solutions alone can deal with.Exhaustive studies of the origins, political and social influences, organization and accomplishments of local governments themselves and their relationships with other units and levels of government are needed in order to develop a governmental organization consistent with contemporary needs. Several areas in the South have dealt forcefully with governmental reorganization through city-county consolidation. Notable examples of this are Miami-Dade and Jacksonville-Duval in Florida, and Nashville-Davidson in Tennessee.
Hog Price Flexibilities as Related to Cycle Phases
Authors: Parvin D. W. 
Published: July 2016

During the past decade, commercial pork production has varied from 723 to 1,372 million pounds (dressed weight) per month. For the same period, the average farm price of hogs has ranged from $12 to $30. Consequently, net returns to hog producers were highly variable.Agricultural economists have devoted considerable research effort to estimating the quantity-price relationship for pork. Purcell and Raunikar suggest that the relationship between price and quantity of pork may differ for positive and negative changes in the price of pork at the retail level.
Structure of Agriculture: The Policy Issue
Authors: Breimyer Harold F. 
Published: July 2016

Each generation believes it has a monopoly on crises. Its spokesmen declare how exceptional are the perils of its day. Crossroads are invariably said to loom ahead.It is, therefore, with diffidence that I declare my uneasy feeling that our nation is approaching a crisis decision as to the kind of economy and kind of government that are to prevail through ending years of our century. I am not timid to the point of silence because I have not customarily played a Cassandra role. My direst warnings have been of prospective demise of central markets for setting cattle prices.
Economic Research Trade-Offs Between Efficiency and Equity
Authors: West Quentin M. 
Published: July 2016

U.S. agricultural economic research has traditionally focused on farm production and marketing efficiency. In the future it must give more attention to equity.Americans will certainly maintain their interest in producing things more efficiently. But, it is a healthy sign that they are also becoming more interested in making sure that changes are made fairly, justly, and impartially.While there has been an increasing amount of agricultural economic research directed toward the problems of equity, there has not been enough. While I could present a paper documenting this research, I think it more useful at this point to consider seriously our overall research policy and try to reach some conclusion about whether it has adequately come to grips with the economic and social issues pressing upon us today.
Producer Bargaining: Its Current Status and Distribution of Benefits
Authors: Berry Calvin R. 
Published: July 2016

”It must be considered that there is nothing more difficult to carry out, nor more doubtful of success, nor more dangerous to handle, than to initiate a new order of things. For the reformer has enemies in all those who profit by the old order, and only lukewarm defenders in all those who would profit by the new order, this lukewarmness arising partly from fear of their adversaries, who have the laws in their favor; and partly from the incredulity of mankind, who do not truly believe in anything new until they have had actual experience of it.”–Niccolo MachiavelliThese observations by Machiavelli on the nature of human behavior seem most appropriate when reviewing the current status and distribution of benefits of producer bargaining. While the concept of bargaining by farmers is not new, it has experienced a resurgence of interest of unprecedented magnitude in recent years. This increased emphasis has led some to refer to agricultural bargaining as a “concept whose time has arrived.” Also, this development suggests the possibility-if not the promise-of the initiation of a “new order of things” to many of those who have observed it.