bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral fingerprints of large‐scale cortical dynamics during ambiguous motion perception
Authors: Helfrich Randolph F. , Knepper Hannah , Nolte Guido , Sengelmann Malte , König Peter , Schneider Till R. , Engel Andreas K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAmbiguous stimuli have been widely used to study the neuronal correlates of consciousness. Recently, it has been suggested that conscious perception might arise from the dynamic interplay of functionally specialized but widely distributed cortical areas. While previous research mainly focused on phase coupling as a correlate of cortical communication, more recent findings indicated that additional coupling modes might coexist and possibly subserve distinct cortical functions. Here, we studied two coupling modes, namely phase and envelope coupling, which might differ in their origins, putative functions and dynamics. Therefore, we recorded 128‐channel EEG while participants performed a bistable motion task and utilized state‐of‐the‐art source‐space connectivity analysis techniques to study the functional relevance of different coupling modes for cortical communication. Our results indicate that gamma‐band phase coupling in extrastriate visual cortex might mediate the integration of visual tokens into a moving stimulus during ambiguous visual stimulation. Furthermore, our results suggest that long‐range fronto‐occipital gamma‐band envelope coupling sustains the horizontal percept during ambiguous motion perception. Additionally, our results support the idea that local parieto‐occipital alpha‐band phase coupling controls the inter‐hemispheric information transfer. These findings provide correlative evidence for the notion that synchronized oscillatory brain activity reflects the processing of sensory input as well as the information integration across several spatiotemporal scales. The results indicate that distinct coupling modes are involved in different cortical computations and that the rich spatiotemporal correlation structure of the brain might constitute the functional architecture for cortical processing and specific multi‐site communication. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4099–4111, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
OUTLINING THE WINDOWS OF ACHIEVEMENT OF INTERSUBJECTIVE MILESTONES IN TYPICALLY DEVELOPING TODDLERS
Authors: Sadurní Brugué Marta , Pérez Burriel Marc 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBabies are born with an innate drive or intrinsic motive formation with which to communicate and share meanings with others and that some authors have called intersubjectivity (S. Bråten & C. Trevarthen, 2007; C. Trevarthen, 1974, 2001). Around the ninth month of life, this motivation changes and passes from a person‐to‐person dyadic (primary intersubjectivity) to a person–person–object relationship (secondary intersubjectivity). S. Bråten and C. Trevarthen (2007) also proposed a third form or layer of intersubjectivity known as tertiary intersubjectivity. One hundred fifteen free‐play sessions of 27 mother–child dyads (13 girls and 14 boys ages 9–37 months) were filmed and categorized using the Level of Intersubjective Attunement Scale (LISA‐T; M. Pérez Burriel & M. Sadurní Brugué, 2014; M. Sadurní Brugué & M. Pérez Burriel, 2012). Results from these nine hierarchical levels are presented, following a developmental sequence or population trajectory around an interindividual variability. In this article, we propose viewing these age‐related levels as windows of achievement of intersubjective milestones. The statistical analysis suggested a redesign of the LISA‐T levels of intersubjectivity; thus, results from this redesign and the debate on the implications of these transitions in infant mental health development are presented.
MOTHERS’ AND FATHERS’ PRENATAL REPRESENTATIONS IN RELATION TO MARITAL DISTRESS AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS
Authors: Ahlqvist‐Björkroth Sari , Korja Riikka , Junttila Niina , Savonlahti Elina , Pajulo Marjukka , Räihä Hannele ,   The steps study group, Aromaa Minna 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTMarital distress, parental depression, and weak quality of parental representations are all known risk factors for parent–child relationships. However, the relation between marital distress, depressive symptoms, and parents’ prenatal representation is uncertain, especially regarding fathers. The present study aimed to explore how mothers’ and fathers’ prenatal experience of marital distress and depressive symptoms affects the organization of their prenatal representations in late pregnancy. Participants were 153 pregnant couples from a Finnish follow‐up study called “Steps to the Healthy Development and Well‐being of Children” (H. Lagström et al., ). Marital distress (Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale; D.M. Busby, C. Christensen, D. Crane, & J. Larson, 1995) and depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) were assessed at 20 gestational weeks, and prenatal representations (Working Model of the Child Interview; D. Benoit, K.C.H. Parker, & C.H. Zeanah, 1997; C.H. Zeanah, D. Benoit, M. Barton, & L. Hirshberg, 1996) were assessed between 29 and 32 gestational weeks. The mothers’ risks of distorted representations increased significantly when they had at least minor depressive symptoms. Marital distress was associated with the fathers’ prenatal representations, although the association was weak; fathers within the marital distress group had less balanced representations. Coexisting marital distress and depressive symptoms were only associated with the mothers’ representations; lack of marital distress and depressive symptoms increased the likelihood for mothers to have balanced representations. The results imply that marital distress and depressive symptoms are differently related to the organizations of mothers’ and fathers’ prenatal representations.
The effect of chemically modified electrospun silica nanofiber on the mRNA and miRNA expression profile of neural stem cell differentiation
Authors: Mercado Augustus T. , Yeh Jui‐Ming , Chin Ting Yu , Chen Wen Shuo , Chen‐Yang Yui Whei , Chen Chung‐Yung 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA detailed genomic and epigenomic analyses of neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiation in synthetic microenvironments is essential for the advancement of regenerative medicine and therapeutic treatment of diseases. This study identified the changes in mRNA and miRNA expression profile during NSC differentiation on an artificial matrix. NSCs were grown on a surface‐modified, electrospun tetraethyl‐orthosilicate nanofiber (designated as SNF‐AP) by providing a 3D‐environment for cell growth and differentiation. Differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs of NSC differentiated in this microenvironment were identified through microarray analysis. The genes and miRNA targets responsible for the differentiation fate of NSCs and neuron development process were determined using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). SNF‐AP enhanced the expression of genes that activates the proliferation, development, and outgrowth of neurons, differentiation and generation of cells, neuritogenesis, outgrowth of neurites, microtubule dynamics, formation of cellular protrusions, and long‐term potentiation during NSC differentiation. On the other hand, PDL inhibited neuritogenesis, microtubule dynamics, and proliferation and differentiation of cells and activated the apoptosis function. Moreover, the nanomaterial promoted the expression of more let‐7 miRNAs, which have vital roles in NSC differentiation. Overall, SNF‐AP is biocompatible and applicable scaffold for NSC differentiation in the development of neural tissue engineering. These findings are useful in enhancingin vitroNSC differentiation potential for preclinical studies and future clinical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2730–2743, 2016.
Biomechanics drive histological wall remodeling of neoaortic root: A mathematical model to study the expression levels of ki 67, metalloprotease, and apoptosis transition
Authors: Nappi Francesco , Fraldi Massimiliano , Spadaccio Cristiano , Carotenuto Angelo Rosario , Montagnani Stefania , Castaldo Clotilde , Chachques Juan Carlos , Acar Christophe 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe pulmonary artery autograft (PA) is the ideal substitute for aortic valve disease in children and young adult. However, it is harnessed by the issue of long‐term dilation and regurgitation, often requiring surgery. PA implanted in aortic position during the growth phase in children undergoes a process of mechanical remodeling. We previously developed a semiresorbable armored prosthesis able to mechanically sustain the neoaorta preventing dilation and to gradually integrate with the PA wall inducing a progressive arterial‐like tissue positive remodeling. We also described the mechanisms of growth, remodeling and stress shielding of the reinforced PA through a mathematical model. We sought to demonstrate the biological counterpart and the potential molecular mechanisms underlying this histological and mechanical remodeling. A specific mathematical model was developed to describe mechanical behavior of the PA. Mallory trichrome red staining and immunohistochemistry for MMP‐9 were performed to elucidate extracellular matrix remodeling phenomena. Apoptosis and cell proliferation were determined by TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry for Ki67, respectively. An histological remodeling phenomenon sustained by increased level of MMP‐9, augmented cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis in the reinforced PA was demonstrated. The mathematical model predicted the biomechanical behavior subtended by the histological changes of the PA in these settings. Changes in metalloproteinases (MMP‐9), cell proliferation and apoptosis are the main actors in the remodeling process occurring after transposition of the PA into systemic regimens. Use of semiresorbable reinforcements might induce a positive remodeling of the PA in the context of Ross operation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2785–2793, 2016.
Serum miRNA Signatures Are Indicative of Skeletal Fractures in Postmenopausal Women With and Without Type 2 Diabetes and Influence Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation of Adipose Tissue–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro
Authors: Heilmeier Ursula , Hackl Matthias , Skalicky Susanna , Weilner Sylvia , Schroeder Fabian , Vierlinger Klemens , Patsch Janina M , Baum Thomas , Oberbauer Eleni , Lobach Iryna , Burghardt Andrew J , Schwartz Ann V , Grillari Johannes , Link Thomas M 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT Standard DXA measurements, including Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) scores, have shown limitations in assessing fracture risk in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), underscoring the need for novel biomarkers and suggesting that other pathomechanisms may drive diabetic bone fragility. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are secreted into the circulation from cells of various tissues proportional to local disease severity and were recently found to be crucial to bone homeostasis and T2D. Here, we studied, if and which circulating miRNAs or combinations of miRNAs can discriminate best fracture status in a well-characterized study of diabetic bone disease and postmenopausal osteoporosis (n = 80 postmenopausal women). We then tested the most discriminative and most frequent miRNAs in vitro. Using miRNA-qPCR-arrays, we showed that 48 miRNAs can differentiate fracture status in T2D women and that several combinations of four miRNAs can discriminate diabetes-related fractures with high specificity and sensitivity (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve values [AUCs], 0.92 to 0.96; 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.98). For the osteoporotic study arm, 23 miRNAs were fracture-indicative and potential combinations of four miRNAs showed AUCs from 0.97 to 1.00 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.00). Because a role in bone homeostasis for those miRNAs that were most discriminative and most present among all miRNA combinations had not been described, we performed in vitro functional studies in human adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells to investigate the effect of miR-550a-5p, miR-188-3p, and miR-382-3p on osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and cell proliferation. We found that miR-382-3p significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation (p &lt; 0.001), whereas miR-550a-5p inhibited this process (p &lt; 0.001). Both miRNAs, miR-382-3p and miR-550a-5p, impaired adipogenic differentiation, whereas miR-188-3p did not exert an effect on adipogenesis. None of the miRNAs affected significantly cell proliferation. Our data suggest for the first time that miRNAs are linked to fragility fractures in T2D postmenopausal women and should be further investigated for their diagnostic potential and their detailed function in diabetic bone. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Common Laboratory Parameters for Differentiating Between Community‐Acquired and Healthcare‐Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Farah Raymond , Bleier Jonathan , Gilbey Peter , Khamisy‐Farah Rola 
Published: June 2016

Background and ObjectivesThe correct diagnosis of healthcare‐associated pneumonia (HCAP) as opposed to community‐acquired pneumonia is essential for the selection of a correct empirical antimicrobial approach, reserving the broad‐spectrum or highly potent antimicrobial therapies for resistant strains most commonly present in HCAP, whereas treating the less resistant strains, most commonly associated with community and long‐term care facility‐acquired infections, with a more targeted empirical approach. The standard approach today is to differentiate between the two based on the medical history of the past 90 days prior to admission. Measurable, quantitative assessment may be able to assist in this decision. The objective of this study is to find a measurable method of differentiating between community‐acquired and healthcare‐associated pneumonias.Materials and MethodsThe records of 126 patients admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia were divided into two groups based on the probable cause of their disease, in accordance with common practice. The routine laboratory work taken upon admittance was analyzed using logistical regression and Student's t‐test.ResultsWe have found that the red blood cell distribution width and the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, both routine parameters obtained in a simple blood count, can each assist in differentiating between community‐acquired and healthcare‐associated pneumonias.ConclusionWe have found two statistically significant parameters that may be used as adjuncts to the medical history, chest radiography and other parameters in forming an immediate clinical impression of a patient presenting with pneumonia.
Early development and differentiation of the Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis(Rothschild, 1893): Procellariiformes)
Authors: Rehorek Susan J. , Smith Timothy D. , Beeching Simon C. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBird incubation is subdivided into two phases: differentiation (embryonic phase) and growth (fetal phase). Most birds have a relatively short incubation period (20–30 days) with the phase transition occurring midway through the incubation period. The Laysan albatross (Phoebastris immutabilis) is a large pelagic bird with a long incubation period. The purpose of this study was to document the differentiation phase with the aim of ascertaining the impact of a lengthened incubation on embryonic development. Eighty‐two previously collected albatross embryos were examined, measured, and staged. The albatross was found to develop more slowly than smaller birds, with a rate similar to other long‐incubating birds. Legs and wings grow at similar rates but exhibit variation in growth among their anatomical components. While the albatross embryos shared some morphological stages with chickens, they were more similar to ducks and pelicans. Special features of the albatross not shared with the Gallianserae (chickens and ducks) included an alligator‐like curved tail, narial tubes, and a cloacal bulge. Further examination of other larger pelagic birds with long incubation periods are needed to determine the uniqueness of the Laysan albatross embryonic development. Although much embryonic phase growth was documented in the postnatal period, little is known about the later, fetal phase in Laysan albatross. Future studies should involve examination of later (post day 32) fetuses. J. Morphol. 277:1231–1249, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of o‐phtaldialdehyde/2‐mercaptoethanol postcolumn reaction for the hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography determination of memantine utilizing a silica hydride stationary phase
Authors: Douša Michal , Pivoňková Veronika , Sýkora David 
Published: June 2016

A rapid procedure for the determination of memantine based on hydrophilic interaction chromatography with fluorescence detection was developed. Fluorescence detection after postcolumn derivatization with o‐phtaldialdehyde/2‐mercaptoethanol was performed at excitation and emission wavelengths of 345 and 450 nm, respectively. The postcolumn reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, derivatization reagent flow rate, and reagents concentration were studied due to steric hindrance of amino group of memantine. The derivatization reaction was applied for the hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography method which was based on Cogent Silica‐C stationary phase with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of 10 mmol/L citric acid and 10 mmol/L o‐phosphoric acid (pH 6.0) with acetonitrile using an isocratic composition of 2:8 v/v. The benefit of the reported approach consists in a simple sample pretreatment and a quick and sensitive hydrophilic interaction chromatography method. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and selectivity according to the International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of commercial memantine tablets.
Singing voice outcomes following singing voice therapy
Authors: Dastolfo‐Hromack Christina , Thomas Tracey L. , Rosen Clark A. , Gartner‐Schmidt Jackie 
Published: June 2016

Objectives/HypothesisThe objectives of this study were to describe singing voice therapy (SVT), describe referred patient characteristics, and document the outcomes of SVT.Study DesignRetrospective.MethodsRecords of patients receiving SVT between June 2008 and June 2013 were reviewed (n = 51). All diagnoses were included. Demographic information, number of SVT sessions, and symptom severity were retrieved from the medical record. Symptom severity was measured via the 10‐item Singing Voice Handicap Index (SVHI‐10). Treatment outcome was analyzed by diagnosis, history of previous training, and SVHI‐10.ResultsSVHI‐10 scores decreased following SVT (mean change = 11, 40% decrease) (P < .001). Approximately 18% (n = 9) of patient SVHI‐10 scores decreased to normal range. The average number of sessions attended was three (± 2); patients who concurrently attended singing lessons (n = 10) also completed an average of three SVT sessions. Primary muscle tension dysphonia (MTD1) and benign vocal fold lesion (lesion) were the most common diagnoses. Most patients (60%) had previous vocal training. SVHI‐10 decrease was not significantly different between MTD and lesion.ConclusionsThis is the first outcome‐based study of SVT in a disordered population. Diagnosis of MTD or lesion did not influence treatment outcomes. Duration of SVT was short (approximately three sessions). Voice care providers are encouraged to partner with a singing voice therapist to provide optimal care for the singing voice. This study supports the use of SVT as a tool for the treatment of singing voice disorders.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:2546–2551, 2016
Nerve monitoring–guided selective hypoglossal nerve stimulation in obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Heiser Clemens , Hofauer Benedikt , Lozier Luke , Woodson B. Tucker , Stark Thomas 
Published: June 2016

Objective/HypothesisSelective stimulation of the upper airway is a new therapy for obstructive sleep apnea. The aim of the study was to determine if a selective nerve integrity monitoring (NIM) system could aid in precise placement of the cuff electrode in selective upper‐airway stimulation.Study DesignSingle‐center, prospective clinical trial.MethodsTwenty patients who received a selective upper‐airway stimulation system (Inspire Medical Systems, Maple Grove, MN) were implanted by using a NIM system. The tongue motions were recorded during surgery and 2 months postoperatively from the transoral view and by transnasal endoscopy.ResultsAll patients exhibited consistent protrusion at tongue front and tongue base. The nerve monitoring system helped to place the cuff electrode around the protrusion and stiffening branches, while excluding the retractor branches of the hypoglossal nerve.ConclusionThis report demonstrated a novel use of a NIM system to identify the functional separation between inclusion and exclusion branches of the hypoglossal nerve for implantation of a selective upper‐airway stimulation system.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:2852–2858, 2016
Cochlear implantation via round window or cochleostomy: Effect on hearing in an animal model
Authors: Hod Roy , Attias Joseph , Raveh Eyal , Nageris Ben I. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives/HypothesisCochlear implantation in patients with residual hearing has increased interest in hearing preservation. Two major surgical approaches to implantation have been devised: via the round window membrane and through cochleostomy. However, the advantages of either approach on hearing preservation have not been established. Due to the great inter‐ and intravariability among implantees, the current study used a normal‐hearing animal model to compare the effect of the two methods on hearing.Study DesignAnimal study.MethodsThirteen fat sand rats were studied, in which 13 ears were implanted through cochleostomy and 13 via the round window. Hearing thresholds were determined by auditory brainstem responses to air and bone conduction at low and high auditory stimuli.ResultsThe results indicated that each stage of the surgery, primarily the opening of the membranous labyrinth, was accompanied by significant deterioration in hearing. Hearing loss was mainly conductive, with no significant differences between the surgical approaches.ConclusionsBoth surgical approaches carry similar risk of hearing loss.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:E375–E378, 2016