bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: Updates in pathophysiology and management
Authors: Hasegawa Akito , Abe Riichiro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life-threatening conditions characterized by extensive detachment of the epidermis and mucous membranes. These severe disorders carry a high mortality rate, and their pathogenesis remains largely unclear. Furthermore, optimal therapeutic strategies for SJS/TEN remain a subject of ongoing debate. Early diagnosis of SJS/TEN is challenging, and reliable biomarkers for diagnosis or severity prediction have not been firmly established. Certain drugs, such as carbamazepine and allopurinol, have shown a strong association with specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types. Recently, the potential benefits of HLA screening prior to administering these drugs to reduce the incidence of SJS/TEN have been explored. Epidermal cell death in SJS/TEN lesions is caused by extensive apoptosis, primarily through the Fas–Fas ligand (FasL) and perforin/granzyme pathways. Our findings suggest that necroptosis, a form of programmed necrosis, also contributes to epidermal cell death. Annexin A1, released from monocytes, interacts with the formyl peptide receptor 1 to induce necroptosis. Several biomarkers, such as CC chemokine ligand (CCL)-27, interleukin-15, galectin-7, receptor-interacting protein kinases 3 (RIP3), and lipocalin-2, have been identified for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in SJS/TEN. Supportive care is recommended for treating SJS/TEN, but the efficacy of various therapeutic options–including systemic corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, cyclosporine, and tumor necrosis factor-α antagonists–remains controversial. Recent studies have investigated the potential benefits of tumor necrosis factor-α antagonists. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding and management of SJS/TEN.
Incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years of female breast cancer in China, 2022
Authors: Sun Kexin , Zhang Bailin , Lei Shaoyuan , Zheng Rongshou , Liang Xin , Li Li , Feng Xiaolong , Zhang Siwei , Zeng Hongmei , Yao Yifei , Ma Peiqing , Wang Shaoming , Chen Ru , Han Bingfeng , Wei Wenqiang , He Jie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Breast cancer is ranked among the most prevalent malignancies in the Chinese female population. However, comprehensive reports detailing the latest epidemiological data and attributable disease burden have not been extensively documented.

Methods:
In 2018, high-quality cancer surveillance data were recorded in 700 population-based cancer registries in China. We extracted data on female breast cancers (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10]: C50) and estimated the incidence and mortality in 2022 according to the baseline data and corresponding trends from 2010 to 2018. Pathological types were classified according to the ICD for Oncology, 3rd Edition codes. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated as the sum of the years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs).

Results:
In 2022, approximately 357,200 new female breast cancer cases and 75,000 deaths occurred in China, accounting for 15.59% and 7.94% of total new cancer cases and deaths, respectively. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 33.04 per 100,000. When analyzed by pathological type, the ASIRs for papillary neoplasms, invasive breast carcinoma, rare and salivary gland-type tumors, and other types were 1.13, 29.79, 0.24, and 1.88 per 100,000, respectively. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 6.10 per 100,000. A total of 2,628,000 DALYs were found to be attributable to female breast cancer in China, comprising 2,278,300 YLLs and 349,700 YLDs. The ASIR, ASMR, and age-standardized rate (ASR) for DALYs in urban areas were consistently higher than those in rural areas. We observed a four-fold increase in the ASIR and ASR for DALYs and an eight-fold increase in the ASMR among females over 55 years compared with those aged under 55 years.

Conclusion:
These data provide invaluable insights into the latest epidemiology of female breast cancer in China and highlight the urgency for disease prevention and control strategy formulation.
Hyoid Position and Aging: A Comprehensive Analysis Using AI-assisted Segmentation of 282 Computed Tomography Scans
Authors: Meira Pazelli Alexandre , Shehab Abdallah A. , Rames Jess D. , Hussein Sara M. , Bustos Samyd S , Sears Victoria A. , Wentworth Adam J. , Morris Jonathan M. , Sharaf Basel A. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
With neck, aging the cervicomental angle becomes obtuse and may be influenced by hyoid bone aging. An understanding of hyoid position changes with aging will further our understanding of its role in neck contour changes.

Methods:
A 3D volumetric reconstruction of 282 neck computed tomography scans was performed. The cohort was categorized into three groups based on age: 20 years or older and younger than 40 years, 40 years or older and younger than 60 years, and 60 years or older and younger than 80 years. The vertical and horizontal hyoid distances in relation to the mandible were calculated for each patient.

Results:
A total of 282 patients (153 women, 129 men) were included in the cohort. The age groups were evenly distributed in men and women. Mean hyoid vertical and horizontal distances differed between women and men in all age groups. There was a significant difference in the hyoid vertical distance between 20–39 years old to 40–59 years old in men (P < 0.01), and 20–39 years old to 60–79 years old in both genders (women P = 0.005, men P < 0.01). Hyoid horizontal distance was not affected by age and sex (age and sex: P > 0.05), but rather by body mass index (BMI). Every 5 BMI points corresponded to a forward movement of 2 mm.

Conclusions:
As individuals age, the hyoid bone descends in both sexes, and an increase in BMI is associated with forward movement. Additional studies are needed to assess the correlation of the hyoid position between upright and supine positions.
Nonsurgical Correction of Surgical Rhinoplasty Complications with Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: A Retrospective Review of 2088 Cases
Authors: Harb Ayad , Abdul-Razzak Amane 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Surgical rhinoplasty is a highly complex cosmetic procedure with significant revision rates. Unfortunately, surgical revision rhinoplasty is associated with many challenges. Nonsurgical correction of surgical rhinoplasty complications with injectable hyaluronic acid fillers is an alternative with less cost and downtime. In this article, we present the first author’s experience with 2088 cases of nonsurgical revision rhinoplasty, including technical considerations, patient-reported outcomes, and adverse events.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was completed on patients 18 years and older who received nonsurgical rhinoplasty treatment between March 2018 and August 2022. Patient demographic data, and data on indications for treatment, volume of filler used, patient-reported satisfaction, and adverse events (including erythema, infection, vascular occlusion, and necrosis) were collected up to 1 year after the initial injection.

Results:
A total of 2088 patient cases are included in this study. The most common indications for treatment included bridge collapse or asymmetry (49.0%), an under-projected tip (44.0%), and surface irregularity/scarring (35.4%). The mean volume of filler used at initial treatment was 0.49 mL (SD 0.19). Median patient satisfaction immediately after treatment was 9 (visual analog scale ranging from 1 to 10). The most common adverse event reported at the 2-week follow-up was erythema (36.4%). Three patients presented with skin necrosis (0.47%). All three of these were transient and self-resolving.

Conclusions:
Nonsurgical correction of rhinoplasty complications with hyaluronic acid fillers can be a safe, minimally invasive option with high patient satisfaction and immediate and predictable results. This should be considered first line before surgical revision.
Low and standard intra-abdominal pressure during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: An observational study based on colorimetric determination of serum concentration variation of the radical cation of N,N-DIETHYL-para-PHENYLDIAMINE
Authors: Clementi Marco , Palumbo Paola , Sponta Anna Maria , Cappelli Sonia , Guadagni Stefano , Masedu Francesco 
Published: September 2024

Background:
This prospective observational open-label cohort study on patients submitted for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy is aimed to investigate the association of low (8–10 mm Hg) and high (11–14 mm Hg) intra-abdominal pressure with the variation of serum colorimetric determination of the radical cation of N,N-Diethyl-para-phenyldiamine (DEPPD), measured immediately before pneumoperitoneum and 10 min after deflation, and intended as a proxy of oxidative stress.

Methods:
In 117 patients, subdivided into low-pneumo (n. 49 pts.) and high-pneumo (n. 68 pts.) groups, biochemical analyses were performed and analyzed by T tests and a multivariable regression model.

Results:
The results of the biochemical analyses showed that the variation of the radical cation of DEPPD values resulted in no significant difference between low and high pneumoperitoneum. Moreover, low intra-abdominal pressure compared with high pressure was not significantly associated with age, body mass index, and previous abdominal surgery. On the contrary, both the female gender and the iatrogenic gallbladder perforation were significantly associated with a positive variation of the radical cation of DEPPD. Notably, when the operation length was longer than 45 minutes, a significant association with a negative variation was observed.

Conclusions:
This study on patients submitted for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, despite some limitations, suggested that the use of a low-pressure pneumoperitoneum is not associated with a postoperative lower production of oxidants compared with standard pressure.
Understanding Experiences and Needs of Patients With Prostate Cancer Across Asia-Pacific: A Cross-Sectional Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Tran Ben , Mizokami Atsushi , Wang Shian-Shiang , Li Yonghong , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Bain Paul , Liu Yiting , Maeng Chan Young , Singh Anildeep , Kishiwada Naomi , Cheng Marie Simone , Gowindah Regina , Si Jennifer , Han Hyunho 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To understand the impact of prostate cancer (PC) and identify gaps in existing care from patients, caregivers, and physicians in Australia, Japan, Mainland China, South Korea, and Taiwan.

Materials and Methods:
This study comprised qualitative interviews among patient-caregiver pairs and quantitative surveys among patients (high-risk localized [HRLPC] or metastatic castration-resistant [mCRPC]) and physicians. Thematic interpretation from qualitative interviews, to facilitate the quantitative survey development, was guided by the Psycho-Onco Emotional Anxiety (POEM) Framework and COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior) model.

Results:
Patients reported experiencing high anxiety about fear of cancer recurrence (HRLPC: 83.3%; mCRPC: 88.9%), which increased along the course of their illness (68.8%; 48.1%). More mCRPC (40.7%) than HRLPC (20.8%) patients perceived delays in cancer diagnosis, with reasons related to time between consultation and diagnosis, belief that symptoms were not severe, prostate-specific antigen testing not a routine, or unaware of symptoms. More mCRPC (25.9%) than HRLPC (8.3%) were confused about treatment options, consistent with physicians' clinical observations. More mCRPC than HRLPC patients felt their physicians did not clearly explain potential treatment benefits, risks, and side effects or inform new therapies. Physicians (39.4%-49.5%) reported having insufficient consultation time to talk to patients. Despite majority of physicians (>80%) encouraging patients to make treatment decisions, 77.8% to 83.3% of patients relied on their doctors.

Conclusions:
Challenges to current PC care included gaps in knowledge, patient-physician communication, shared decision-making, and psychosocial support which are interrelated. There is a need for multidisciplinary efforts to boost patient awareness and psychosocial support to enhance the quality of comprehensive PC care.
Prognostic Factors for Patients With Urachal Carcinoma Undergoing Radical Surgery: Risk Stratification for Future Prospects of Precision Oncology
Authors: Kirisawa Takahiro , Maeshima Akiko , Kikkawa Nao , Nakamura Eijiro , Shimoi Tatsunori , Maejima Aiko , Imai Toru , Hagimoto Hiroki , Okuno Tomoya , Matsuda Ayumu , Shinoda Yasuo , Komiyama Motokiyo , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Yonemori Kan , Matsui Yoshiyuki 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To determine poor prognostic factors for patients with urachal carcinoma (UrC) undergoing radical surgery; identify candidates for precision oncology, including adjuvant therapy; and improve survival outcome of this rare malignant disease.

Materials and Methods:
We included 51 patients with UrC who underwent radical or partial cystectomy at our institution between 1991 and 2023. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test were performed to estimate overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival by applying the Ontario staging system. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for multivariate analysis to evaluate prognostic factors for patients undergoing radical surgery.

Results:
Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that tumor involvement of perivesical fat (Ontario stage T3) and tumor grade were significant prognostic factors for OS. Tumor involvement of perivesical fat was a common factor for both OS and recurrence-free survival. Patients with both adverse factors showed significantly poor OS compared with those with 1 or no adverse factors (P = .014 and .0014, respectively).

Conclusions:
Tumor involvement of perivesical fat and tumor grade were strong predictors of survival outcome. Adjuvant therapy might be indicated in patients with high recurrence risk. Our results warrant further, multidisciplinary investigation into the impact of precision oncology for patients with UrC and high recurrence risk.
Psychopathology in Infants, Toddlers, and Preschool Children with Nonsyndromic Clefts of the Lip and/or Palate: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Baghaki Semih , Karacetin Gul , Yerlikaya Oral Elif , Guzel Tuncer Ayse Beste , Demir Turkay , Bingol Caglayan Hulya , Uysal Omer , Ozdamar Mandi Ozlem 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
The aim of this study is to assess psychopathology and maternal interactions in infants, toddlers, and preschool children with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate (NSCLP) and association of psychopathology with cleft-related factors and maternal interactions.

Design:
Twenty-six children from 4 to 72 months of age with NSCLP, who were attending the Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department were included as the case group. Fifty-two healthy children who were matched on age and sex with the case group were taken as controls. Children were assessed in aspects of psychiatric diagnosis, articulation, and development.

Results:
Speech and language disorders (SLD) (P<0.001), disorders of affect (DA) (P=0.005), feeding behavior disorder (P=0.002), sleep-behavior disorder (SBD) (P=0.038), and disordered mother-child relationship (P<0.001) were more prevalent in children with NSCLP. Dental alignment (P=0.024), number of operations (P=0.006), and type of operations (P=0.012) were associated with DA. The children in the case group, who had disordered relationship with their mothers had significantly more SLD (P=0.036) and SBD (P=0.039).

Conclusions:
Children with NSCLP are at risk of developing psychopathology, especially SLD and DA. Maternal interactions and the above cleft-related factors and may be the target of interventions to prevent and treat psychiatric disorders in these children.
Trauma video review through the legal lens: Improving care while minimizing risk
Authors: Succar Bahaa , Vella Michael A. , Holena Daniel , Estroff Jordan , Rule Beatrice , Rivera Madeline , Studwell Spencer , Shukla Dhara , Dumas Ryan P. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Video-based platforms have emerged as a transformative force in the field of trauma surgery. Despite its potential, the adoption of trauma video review (TVR) faces challenges. In this review, we describe the use of TVR and examine medicolegal issues pertaining to spoliation, patient privacy, and consent. Research highlights the multifaceted benefits of TVR, from refining performance metrics and medical education to improving processes of care and patient outcomes. Despite these advantages, medicolegal risks may prevent many centers from embracing this technology. Our review identified only two cases that explicitly mentioned the TVR process, where specific state statutes offered protection against video disclosure. In fact, much of the case law related to the disclosure of hospital video recording systems pertains to spoliation (destruction of evidence). Most importantly, when the creation of TVR videos is directly linked to quality assurance activities and peer review programs, Peer Review Statutes may shield these recordings from being disclosed. These statutes are thus defenses courts rely on when refusing to invoke the spoliation inference. The implementation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act act historically discouraged centers from pursuing their TVR programs due to patient privacy concerns. Nonetheless, integrating the video review consent as part of the general hospital consent can mitigate this issue. Litigation and privacy considerations still raise the alarm among providers, however, the potential for performance improvement and reduced medicolegal risk outweigh the concerns. Although TVR remains relatively underutilized, its significance will only grow as technology continues to advance.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in severe traumatic brain injury: Is it safe?
Authors: Rafaqat Wardah , Luckoski John , Lagazzi Emanuele , Abiad May , Panossian Vahe , Nzenwa Ikemsinachi , Kaafarani Haytham M. A. , Hwabejire John O. , Renne Benjamin C. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
Patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at an increased risk of respiratory failure refractory to traditional therapies. The safety of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in this population remains unclear. We aimed to examine outcomes following ECMO compared with traditional management in severe TBI patients.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2017–2020). We identified patients 18 years or older with severe TBI (Abbreviated Injury Score head, ≥3) who underwent ECMO or had either in-hospital cardiac or acute respiratory distress syndrome during their hospitalization. The study excluded pPatients who arrived without signs of life, had a prehospital cardiac arrest, had an unsurvivable injury, were transferred out within 48 hours of arrival, or were received as a transfer and died within 12 hours of arrival Patients with missing information regarding in-hospital mortality were also excluded. Outcomes included mortality, in-hospital complications, and intensive care unit length of stay. To account for patient and injury characteristics, we used 1:1 propensity matching. We performed a subgroup analysis among ECMO patients, comparing patients who received anticoagulants with those who did not.

RESULTS
We identified 10,065 patients, of whom 221 (2.2%) underwent ECMO. In the propensity-matched sample of 134 pairs, there was no difference in mortality. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was associated with a higher incidence of cerebrovascular accidents (9% vs. 1%, p = 0.006) and a lower incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. In the subgroup analysis of 64 matched pairs, patients receiving anticoagulation had lower mortality, higher unplanned return to the operating room, and longer duration of ventilation and intensive care unit length of stay.

CONCLUSION
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use in severe TBI patients was not associated with higher mortality and should be considered a potential intervention in this patient population. Systemic anticoagulation showed mortality benefit, but further work is required to elucidate the impact on neurological outcomes, and the appropriate dosing and timing of anticoagulation.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.
Suppressing upregulation of fibrinogen after polytrauma mitigates thrombosis in mice
Authors: Seadler Monica S. , Ferraresso Francesca , Bansal Muskan , Haugen Amber , Hayssen William G. , Flick Matthew J. , de Moya Marc , Dyer Mitchell R. , Kastrup Christian J. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
Polytrauma results in systemic inflammation and increased circulating fibrinogen, which increases the risk of microvascular and macrovascular thrombosis that contributes to secondary organ damage and venous thromboembolism (VTE). There are no clinically approved agents to prevent hyperfibrinogenemia after polytrauma. We hypothesized that preventing the increase in fibrinogen levels after polytrauma would suppress thrombosis.

METHODS
Small-interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) against fibrinogen was encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (siFibrinogen). Mice underwent a model of polytrauma and were then given varying doses of siFibrinogen, control siRNA, or no treatment. Fibrinogen was measured for 1 week via enxyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To model postinjury VTE, the inferior vena cava was ligated 2 days after polytrauma in a portion of the mice. Thrombus weight was measured 48 hours after the inferior vena cava was ligated.

RESULTS
Treatment with siFibrinogen prevented hyperfibrinogenemia after trauma without exacerbating the hypofibrinogenemic state that occurs in the acute injury period (1 hour). In treated groups, fibrinogen was significantly lower from 6 hours postinjury through the 7-day monitoring period. Maximal fibrinogen reduction was observed at 72 hours. Here, mice that received 2.0 mg/kg of siFibrinogen had 1% of normal values relative to untreated mice, and mice that received 1.0 or 0.5 mg/kg had 4%. Mice treated with siFibrinogen that underwent the postinjury VTE model had significantly reduced thrombus weight compared with control siRNA-treated animals. More notably, among all siFibrinogen treated mice, 12 of 18 were completely protected from thrombosis, compared with 0 of 9 displaying protection in the control group.

CONCLUSION
The rise of fibrinogen and the size of thrombi after polytrauma can be mitigated via the administration of siRNA against fibrinogen. siFibrinogen represents a promising novel target for VTE prophylaxis posttrauma.