bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Displays of parent suitability in adoption assessment reports
Authors: Lind Judith , Lindgren Cecilia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThrough adoption, the state actively contributes to creating families. It therefore also assumes the role of guarantor of the child's best interests in the adoption process, which entails assessing the suitability of presumptive adoptive parents. In the present paper, we use the concluding sections of assessment reports on applicants for intercountry adoption in Sweden to answer the following question: what must be said about an individual or a couple in order for her/them to be seen as a suitable adoptive parent? We thus assume that report conclusions serve to display parent suitability to their audiences. The assessment aligns with Swedish national adoption guidelines, and the study shows how the assessment handbook comes to serve as a catalogue of arguments that not only define good parenthood but also outline a way of life that is suitable for parenthood. The analysis illustrates how valid arguments for granting consent to adopt refer to three layers of suitability. They include not only the applicants' insights into and knowledge about adoption in particular and children in general but also their conventional and orderly life, i.e. a life free from distractions that could hinder a wholehearted focus on children and family life.
Lentivirus‐Mediated Overexpression of MicroRNA‐210 Improves Long‐Term Outcomes after Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice
Authors: Zeng Li‐Li , He Xiao‐Song , Liu Jian‐Rong , Zheng Chao‐Bo , Wang Yong‐Ting , Yang Guo‐Yuan 
Published: July 2016

SummaryAimsMicroRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury and in the repair process during postischemic condition. However, the key miRNAs and their function in these processes remain unclear.MethodsCirculating blood MicroRNAs profiles were examined in the ischemic stroke patients. The predicted network of difference was analyzed by ingenuity pathway analysis. The key MicroRNAs were selected, and the function was further studied in a mouse ischemia model. The predicted downstream target was confirmed.ResultsWe found that 24 MicroRNAs were differently expressed in stroke patients compared to the control (P < 0.05). Bioinformatic analysis showed a MicroRNAs regulated network with the highest score in the stroke cascade, which was consisted of 10 MicroRNAs including key hypoxia‐related miR‐210 and its predicted downstream target brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Lentivirus‐mediated miR‐210 overexpression enhanced the microvessel density and the number of neural progenitor cells in the ischemic mouse brain (P < 0.05) and improved neurobehavioral outcomes in the ischemic mouse (P < 0.05). MiR‐210 upregulation increased mBDNF/proBDNF protein expression in the normal and ischemic mouse brain. The dual‐luciferase reporter assay identified that BDNF was the direct target of miR‐210.ConclusionMiR‐210 is a crucial ischemic stroke‐associated MicroRNAs and a potential target for the stroke therapy.
A query language for multi‐version data web archives
Authors: Meimaris Marios , Papastefanatos George , Viglas Stratis , Stavrakas Yannis , Pateritsas Christos , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Data Web refers to the vast and rapidly increasing quantity of scientific, corporate, government and crowd‐sourced data published in the form of Linked Open Data, which encourages the uniform representation of heterogeneous data items on the web and the creation of links between them. The growing availability of open linked datasets has brought forth significant new challenges regarding their proper preservation and the management of evolving information within them. In this paper, we focus on the evolution and preservation challenges related to publishing and preserving evolving linked data across time. We discuss the main problems regarding their proper modelling and querying and provide a conceptual model and a query language for modelling and retrieving evolving data along with changes affecting them. We present in details the syntax of the query language and demonstrate its functionality over a real‐world use case of evolving linked dataset from the biological domain.
The role of microaerophilic Fe‐oxidizing micro‐organisms in producing banded iron formations
Authors: Chan C. S. , Emerson D. , Luther G. W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDespite the historical and economic significance of banded iron formations (BIFs), we have yet to resolve the formation mechanisms. On modern Earth, neutrophilic microaerophilic Fe‐oxidizing micro‐organisms (FeOM) produce copious amounts of Fe oxyhydroxides, leading us to wonder whether similar organisms played a role in producing BIFs. To evaluate this, we review the current knowledge of modern microaerophilic FeOM in the context of BIF paleoenvironmental studies. In modern environments wherever Fe(II) and O2 co‐exist, microaerophilic FeOM proliferate. These organisms grow in a variety of environments, including the marine water column redoxcline, which is where BIF precursor minerals likely formed. FeOM can grow across a range of O2 concentrations, measured as low as 2 μm to date, although lower concentrations have not been tested. While some extant FeOM can tolerate high O2 concentrations, many FeOM appear to prefer and thrive at low O2 concentrations (~3–25 μm). These are similar to the estimated dissolved O2 concentrations in the few hundred million years prior to the ‘Great Oxidation Event’ (GOE). We compare biotic and abiotic Fe oxidation kinetics in the presence of varying levels of O2 and show that microaerophilic FeOM contribute substantially to Fe oxidation, at rates fast enough to account for BIF deposition. Based on this synthesis, we propose that microaerophilic FeOM were capable of playing a significant role in depositing the largest, most well‐known BIFs associated with the GOE, as well as afterward when global O2 levels increased.
Carbon cycle responses of semi‐arid ecosystems to positive asymmetry in rainfall
Authors: Haverd Vanessa , Ahlström Anders , Smith Benjamin , Canadell Josep G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecent evidence shows that warm semi‐arid ecosystems are playing a disproportionate role in the interannual variability and greening trend of the global carbon cycle given their mean lower productivity when compared with other biomes (Ahlström et al. 2015 Science, 348, 895). Using multiple observations (land‐atmosphere fluxes, biomass, streamflow and remotely sensed vegetation cover) and two state‐of‐the‐art biospheric models, we show that climate variability and extremes lead to positive or negative responses in the biosphere, depending on vegetation type. We find Australia to be a global hot spot for variability, with semi‐arid ecosystems in that country exhibiting increased carbon uptake due to both asymmetry in the interannual distribution of rainfall (extrinsic forcing), and asymmetry in the response of gross primary production (GPP) to rainfall change (intrinsic response). The latter is attributable to the pulse‐response behaviour of the drought‐adapted biota of these systems, a response that is estimated to be as much as half of that from the CO2 fertilization effect during 1990–2013. Mesic ecosystems, lacking drought‐adapted species, did not show an intrinsic asymmetric response. Our findings suggest that a future more variable climate will induce large but contrasting ecosystem responses, differing among biomes globally, independent of changes in mean precipitation alone. The most significant changes are occurring in the extensive arid and semi‐arid regions, and we suggest that the reported increased carbon uptake in response to asymmetric responses might be contributing to the observed greening trends there.
Climate‐driven disparities among ecological interactions threaten kelp forest persistence
Authors: Provost Euan J. , Kelaher Brendan P. , Dworjanyn Symon A. , Russell Bayden D. , Connell Sean D. , Ghedini Giulia , Gillanders Bronwyn M. , Figueira WillIAM , Coleman Melinda A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe combination of ocean warming and acidification brings an uncertain future to kelp forests that occupy the warmest parts of their range. These forests are not only subject to the direct negative effects of ocean climate change, but also to a combination of unknown indirect effects associated with changing ecological landscapes. Here, we used mesocosm experiments to test the direct effects of ocean warming and acidification on kelp biomass and photosynthetic health, as well as climate‐driven disparities in indirect effects involving key consumers (urchins and rock lobsters) and competitors (algal turf). Elevated water temperature directly reduced kelp biomass, while their turf‐forming competitors expanded in response to ocean acidification and declining kelp canopy. Elevated temperatures also increased growth of urchins and, concurrently, the rate at which they thinned kelp canopy. Rock lobsters, which are renowned for keeping urchin populations in check, indirectly intensified negative pressures on kelp by reducing their consumption of urchins in response to elevated temperature. Overall, these results suggest that kelp forests situated towards the low‐latitude margins of their distribution will need to adapt to ocean warming in order to persist in the future. What is less certain is how such adaptation in kelps can occur in the face of intensifying consumptive (via ocean warming) and competitive (via ocean acidification) pressures that affect key ecological interactions associated with their persistence. If such indirect effects counter adaptation to changing climate, they may erode the stability of kelp forests and increase the probability of regime shifts from complex habitat‐forming species to more simple habitats dominated by algal turfs.
Climate adaptation is not enough: warming does not facilitate success of southern tundra plant populations in the high Arctic
Authors: Bjorkman Anne D. , Vellend Mark , Frei Esther R. , Henry Gregory H. R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRapidly rising temperatures are expected to cause latitudinal and elevational range shifts as species track their optimal climate north and upward. However, a lack of adaptation to environmental conditions other than climate – for example photoperiod, biotic interactions, or edaphic conditions – might limit the success of immigrants in a new location despite hospitable climatic conditions. Here, we present one of the first direct experimental tests of the hypothesis that warmer temperatures at northern latitudes will confer a fitness advantage to southern immigrants relative to native populations. As rates of warming in the Arctic are more than double the global average, understanding the impacts of warming in Arctic ecosystems is especially urgent. We established experimentally warmed and nonwarmed common garden plots at Alexandra Fiord, Ellesmere Island in the Canadian High Arctic with seeds of two forb species (Oxyria digyna and Papaver radicatum) originating from three to five populations at different latitudes across the Arctic. We found that plants from the local populations generally had higher survival and obtained a greater maximum size than foreign individuals, regardless of warming treatment. Phenological traits varied with latitude of the source population, such that southern populations demonstrated substantially delayed leaf‐out and senescence relative to northern populations. Our results suggest that environmental conditions other than temperature may influence the ability of foreign populations and species to establish at more northerly latitudes as the climate warms, potentially leading to lags in northward range shifts for some species.
Ecosystem nitrogen fixation throughout the snow‐free period in subarctic tundra: effects of willow and birch litter addition and warming
Authors: Rousk Kathrin , Michelsen Anders 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNitrogen (N) fixation in moss‐associated cyanobacteria is one of the main sources of available N for N‐limited ecosystems such as subarctic tundra. Yet, N2 fixation in mosses is strongly influenced by soil moisture and temperature. Thus, temporal scaling up of low‐frequency in situ measurements to several weeks, months or even the entire growing season without taking into account changes in abiotic conditions cannot capture the variation in moss‐associated N2 fixation. We therefore aimed to estimate moss‐associated N2 fixation throughout the snow‐free period in subarctic tundra in field experiments simulating climate change: willow (Salix myrsinifolia) and birch (Betula pubescens spp. tortuosa) litter addition, and warming. To achieve this, we established relationships between measured in situ N2 fixation rates and soil moisture and soil temperature and used high‐resolution measurements of soil moisture and soil temperature (hourly from May to October) to model N2 fixation. The modelled N2 fixation rates were highest in the warmed (2.8 ± 0.3 kg N ha−1) and birch litter addition plots (2.8 ± 0.2 kg N ha−1), and lowest in the plots receiving willow litter (1.6 ± 0.2 kg N ha−1). The control plots had intermediate rates (2.2 ± 0.2 kg N ha−1). Further, N2 fixation was highest during the summer in the warmed plots, but was lowest in the litter addition plots during the same period. The temperature and moisture dependence of N2 fixation was different between the climate change treatments, indicating a shift in the N2 fixer community. Our findings, using a combined empirical and modelling approach, suggest that a longer snow‐free period and increased temperatures in a future climate will likely lead to higher N2 fixation rates in mosses. Yet, the consequences of increased litter fall on moss‐associated N2 fixation due to shrub expansion in the Arctic will depend on the shrub species’ litter traits.
On the Value of Transparency and Information Acquisition in Bargaining*
Authors: Gehrig Thomas , Levínský René , Güth Werner 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We analyze how transparency affects information acquisition in a bargaining context where proposers may choose to purchase information about the unknown outside options of their bargaining partners. Although information acquisition is excessive in all scenarios, we find that bargaining outcomes depend crucially on the transparency of the bargaining environment. In transparent games, when responders can observe whether proposers have acquired information, acceptance rates are higher. Accordingly, in transparent bargaining environments, information is more valuable, both individually and socially.
Insomnia and depression impair oral health‐related quality of life in the old‐old
Authors: Noguchi Satoshi , Makino Michiko , Haresaku Satoru , Shimada Kaoru , Naito Toru 
Published: July 2016

AimA previous study reported that the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of Japanese individuals dropped sharply as they reached old‐old age. The aim of present study was to explore the risk factors of OHRQoL by investigating the association of OHRQoL with oral indices, lifestyle and psychological distress.MethodsA questionnaire survey was carried out to assess the OHRQoL, oral indices, lifestyle, and psychological distress of patients who were of ≥75 years of age and who regularly visited a dental clinic for maintenance. OHRQoL and psychological distress were assessed using the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and the General Health Questionnaire, respectively. The relationships between the GOHAI score and related factors were examined by non‐parametric bivariate and logistic regression analyses using a GOHAI cut‐off score of 45.0.ResultsA total of 187 old‐old patients with a mean age of 77.9 ± 3.0 years participated in the present study. The average GOHAI score was 50.8 ± 8.0. In the bivariate analyses, the average sleeping hours, use of sleep medication, Short Form 8‐Item Health Survey (SF‐8), General Health Questionnaire score, and the number of teeth present were significantly correlated with the GOHAI score. A logistic regression analysis showed that the number of teeth present, General Health Questionnaire and the use of sleep medication were associated with the GOHAI score.ConclusionsThe present study found that the OHRQoL was strongly associated with insomnia and depression. It is therefore suggested that oral healthcare professionals take general background information, such as the presence of insomnia and depression, into consideration to improve OHRQoL when they treat old‐old patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 893–897.
Residual effects of stylo on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of palisadegrass pasture
Authors: Alves Eveline B. , Menezes Rodrigo C. , Lara Márcio A. S. , Casagrande Daniel R. , Bernardes Thiago F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractResponse pattern of grasses as influenced by legume residues after its disappearance in mixed pasture is very limited in the literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the historical effect of different proportions of Mineirão stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. cv. Mineirão) on morphogenetic characteristics and structure of the Xaraés palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst ex. A. Rich) Stapf cv. Xaraés) under two canopy heights over 2 years. This study used a completely randomized design with a split‐plot arrangement. The historical botanical composition (HBC24, HBC34, HBC45 and HBC52) was allocated in the plots that corresponded to the percentages of legume (24, 34, 45 and 52%) before the experimental period and pre‐grazing heights (30 and 45 cm; CH30 and CH45) in the subplots. The canopies with HBC52 showed greater leaf elongation rate (P = 0.036) and leaf appearance rate (P = 0.0041), 1.6 cm tiller−1 day−1 and 0.053 leaves tiller−1 day−1, respectively, during the growing season. There was an increase in the herbage accumulation rate with the increase of HBC (P = 0.0128). The leaf mass was higher (P = 0.0016) for the CH45 compared with the CH30 (3294 and 2450 kg dry matter [DM] ha−1, respectively). The stem mass was higher (P < 0.0001) for the CH45 compared with the CH30 (2339 and 1146 kg DM ha−1, respectively). Overall, a HBC greater than 50% stylo in the pastures allows the postponement of legume oversowing for up to 2 years. Xaraés palisadegrass should be managed at 30 cm of pre‐grazing height on intermittent stocking rate due to greater proportion of leaves.
Physicochemical composition and ruminal degradability of leucaena ensiled with different levels of buriti fruit peel
Authors: Ferreira Raimundo , Bezerra Leilson , Edvan Ricardo , Araújo Marcos , Marques Carlo , Torreão Jacira , Oliveira Ronaldo , Parente Henrique 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe objective of this research was to evaluate in situ degradability and physicochemical composition of leucaena silage mixed with different levels of buriti fruit peel. We used a completely randomized design with five levels of buriti fruit peel (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 g kg−1). The silos were opened after 28 days of storage. In situ degradability monitoring was conducted using a split‐plot design in which four animals represented the blocks and silage supplemented with five levels of buriti fruit peel represented the treatments. The use of the additive in leucaena silage increased dry matter (DM) (P < 0.0001), ether extract (P = 0.0068), acid detergent fiber and decreased crude protein (P < 0.0001). The pH (P = 0.0335), ammoniac nitrogen (P < 0.0001) and DM recovery (P = 0.0983) increased with level of buriti fruit peel added in the silage. Gas losses (P < 0.0001) decreased with the addition of buriti fruit peel in the ensilage. Effluent losses (P < 0.1093) were not influenced by buriti fruit peel addition. The inclusion of buriti fruit peel linearly reduced the ruminal degradability DM of soluble fraction (a) (P < 0.0001) and potentially degradable insoluble fraction (b) (P < 0.0001). Inclusion of buriti fruit peel up to 50 g kg−1 of leucaena forage provides favorable conditions for silage and contributes to pH reduction, despite reducing ruminal degradability. The degradability can be increased with the mixture of silage to a non‐protein nitrogen supplement and thus overcome this problem.
The development of service user‐led recommendations for health and social care services on leaving hospital with memory loss or dementia – the SHARED study
Authors: Mockford Carole , Seers Kate , Murray Matt , Oyebode Jan , Clarke Rosemary , Staniszewska Sophie , Suleman Rashida , Boex Sue , Diment Yvonne , Grant Richard , Leach Jim , Sharma Uma 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundHealth and social care services are under strain providing care in the community particularly at hospital discharge. Patient and carer experiences can inform and shape services.ObjectiveTo develop service user‐led recommendations enabling smooth transition for people living with memory loss from acute hospital to community.DesignLead and co‐researchers conducted semi‐structured interviews with 15 pairs of carers and patients with memory loss at discharge, 6 and 12 weeks post‐discharge and one semi‐structured interview with health and social care professionals and Admiral Nurses. Framework analysis was guided by co‐researchers. Two focus groups of study participants, facilitated by co‐researchers, met to shape and finalize recommendations.Setting and participantsRecruitment took place in acute hospitals in two National Health Service (NHS) Trusts in England. Patients were aged 65 and over, with memory loss, an in‐patient for at least 1 week returning to the community, who had a carer consenting to be in the study.ResultsPoor delivery of services caused considerable stress to some study families living with memory loss. Three key recommendations included a need for a written, mutually agreed discharge plan, a named coordinator of services, and improved domiciliary care services.Discussion and conclusionsVulnerable patients with memory loss find coming out of hospital after an extended period a stressful experience. The SHARED study contributes to understanding the hospital discharge process through the eyes of the patient and carer living with memory loss and has the potential to contribute to more efficient use of resources and to improving health outcomes in communities.