bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjunctive ketamine in electroconvulsive therapy: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McGirr Alexander , Berlim Marcelo T. , Bond David J. , Chan Peter Y. , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Lam Raymond W. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundKetamine has emerged as a novel therapeutic agent for major depressive episodes, spurring interest in its potential to augment electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).AimsWe sought to update our preliminary systematic review and meta-analysis, focusing on randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving an index course of ECT, and testing the hypothesis that lack of efficacy is due to barbiturate anaesthetic co-administration.MethodWe searched EMBASE, CENTRAL and Medline to identify RCTs examining the efficacy of ketamine during a course of ECT. Data were synthesised from ten trials (ketamine group n = 333, comparator group n = 269) using pooled random effects models.ResultsElectroconvulsive therapy with ketamine was not associated with greater improvements in depressive symptoms or higher rates of clinical response or remission, nor did it result in pro-cognitive effects. This held true when limiting analysis to trials without barbiturate anaesthetic co-administration. Increased rates of confusion were reported.ConclusionsOverall, our analyses do not support using ketamine over other induction agents in ECT.
Comparison of Metabolic Risk Factors for Liver Cancer Among Men and Women in Guatemala
Authors: Rivera-Andrade Alvaro , Kroker-Lobos Maria Fernanda , Lazo Mariana , Freedman Neal , Groopman John , Guallar Eliseo , Mendoza-Montano Carlos , McGlynn Katherine , Smith Josh , Ramirez-Zea Manuel 
Published: April 2017

Abstract 13 Background: The proportion of liver cancer (LC) that is linked to metabolic risk factors has been increasing in many countries. Guatemala has the highest reported incidence of LC in the Americas, 1 but the prevalence of metabolic risk factors is not clear. We undertook this work to examine the prevalence of metabolic risk factors for LC in Guatemala by sex and residence. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 461 adults older than 40 years who resided in rural and urban areas. Risk factors were defined by using physical exam and laboratory data, including anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, serum liver enzymes, and lipids. Fatty liver disease (FLD) was defined as a fatty liver index score of > 60 and liver fibrosis (LF) as defined by a FIB-4 score of > 2.67. 2 , 3 Results: Among participants, 66% resided in rural areas and 57% were women. Mean ages of men and women were 58.0 ± 11.3 and 53.4 ± 9.8 years, respectively. Compared with men, women had higher prevalence of obesity (15% v 41%; P ≤ .001), metabolic syndrome (46% v 74%; P < .001), and FLD (67% v 52%; P < .001), but not LF (6% v 4%; P = .238). Compared with men and women from rural areas, those from urban areas had higher prevalence of diabetes (10% v 27%; P = .002; and 14% v 32%; P < .001) FLD (42% v 67%; P < .001; and 59% v 79%; P < .001), and metabolic syndrome (37% v 58%; P = .005; and 69% v 81%; P = .032), respectively. There was no difference in prevalence of LF by area among either men (6% v 6%; P = .86) or women (3% v 4%; P = .75). Conclusion: This study highlights a high prevalence of metabolic risk factors for LC in Guatemala, especially among women in urban areas. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Alvaro Rivera-Andrade No relationship to disclose Maria Fernanda Kroker-Lobos No relationship to disclose Mariana Lazo No relationship to disclose Neal Freedman No relationship to disclose John Groopman No relationship to disclose Eliseo Guallar No relationship to disclose Carlos Mendoza-Montano No relationship to disclose Katherine McGlynn No relationship to disclose Josh Smith Research Funding: Abbott Nutrition Manuel Ramirez-Zea No relationship to disclose
Incidence, Persistence, and Determinants of Human Papillomavirus: A Prospective Cohort Study of HIV-Negative Nigerian Women
Authors: Adebamowo Sally N. , Odutola Michael , Famooto Ayotunde , Dareng Eileen , Adebayo Amos , Achara Peter , Alabi Bunmi , Obende Kayode , Offiong Richard , Ologun Sanni , Adebamowo Clement A. ,   ACCME Research Group
Published: April 2017

Abstract 63 Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in Africa. Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HRHPV) infection is a necessary cause but little is known about the persistence and associated risk factors of HRHPV infection in African women. We undertook this work to determine risk factors and the incidence of HPV infection in Nigerian women. Methods: ACCME is a multicenter, prospective cohort study of host germline, cervical somatic and HRHPV genomics, epigenomics, and vaginal microenvironment and their association with HPV. From February 2014 to January 2016, 10,000 HIV-negative women were enrolled in the cohort and are being observed every 6 months. We used SPF25/LiPA10 to characterize HPV infection and defined persistent infection as two consecutive positive tests performed at least 12 months apart. Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between risk factors and persistent HPV. Results: The mean (± standard deviation) age of study participants at baseline was 40 (± 10) years, and mean (± standard deviation) vaginal pH was 5.2 (± 0.6). Approximately 42% of participants were positive for any HPV and 21% had persistence of any HPV infection. Some (35%) participants had multiple infections with any HPV. Approximately 54% of those with persistent any HPV infection had HRHPV—HPV type 52 (25%) and type 18 (15%) were the most prevalent and persistent HRHPV types. Incidence of any HPV infection was 6.6 per 1,000 person-months, whereas that of HRHPV was 2.6 per 1,000 person-months. Age, body mass index, education level, marital and socioeconomic status, and total number of lifetime sexual partners were associated with HPV infection in these women. Conclusion: We defined the incidence, risk factors, and most common types of HRHPV in a large cohort of women in West Africa. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Sally N. Adebamowo No relationship to disclose Michael Odutola No relationship to disclose Ayotunde Famooto No relationship to disclose Eileen Dareng No relationship to disclose Amos Adebayo No relationship to disclose Peter Achara No relationship to disclose Bunmi Alabi No relationship to disclose Kayode Obende No relationship to disclose Richard Offiong No relationship to disclose Sanni Ologun No relationship to disclose Clement A. Adebamowo Speakers' Bureau: Merck
Development of an African Esophageal Cancer Consortium
Authors: Murphy Gwen , McCormack Valerie , Menya Diana , Mmbaga Blandina , Van Loon Katherine , Mmbaga Elia , Gopal Satish , Kaimila Bongani , Mulima Gift , Pritchett Natalie , Mwachiro Michael , White Russell , Abnet Christian , Schuz Joachim , Dawsey Sanford 
Published: April 2017

Abstract 44 Background: Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. It kills 400,000 people every year, most of whom live in two distinct geographic bands across central Asia and along the eastern Africa corridor that extends from Ethiopia to South Africa. In these high-risk areas, nearly all cases are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Our group and others have performed many etiologic, genetic, and early detection and treatment studies of ESCC in central Asia, but this disease remains essentially unstudied in eastern Africa. Over the past few years, several groups have begun quality studies of ESCC in Africa, including case-control studies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (University of California, San Francisco, and Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences); Eldoret, Kenya (International Agency for Research on Cancer and Moi University); Moshi, Tanzania (International Agency for Research on Cancer and Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute); Bomet, Kenya (National Cancer Institute and Tenwek Hospital); and Lilongwe, Malawi (National Cancer Institute and the UNC-Malawi Project). In November 2015, these groups met and decided to create the African Esophageal Cancer Consortium. The goals of the consortium are to raise awareness of the importance of ESCC in Africa, to coordinate etiologic and molecular studies of ESCC in high-risk populations, and to facilitate provision of therapeutic training and equipment aimed to improve survival and quality of life. Methods: The first coordinated activity was to standardize questionnaires so that data can later be compared and combined. The consortium has embraced mobile health technologies through development of an mHealth app for real-time data capture on a phone or tablet and to collect harmonized data from the outset, increase efficiency, eliminate transcription mistakes, and allow real-time quality control and supervision of field activities from any location. Results: The consortium held its second annual meeting in September 2016. At this meeting, the five member sites affirmed their commitment to the consortium and the first study coordinator was named. Conclusion: Case-control studies in Moshi, Bomet, and Lilongwe are using the mobile app. A case-control study in Dar es Salaam is complete, with results pending. Coordinated genome-wide association and genomic studies are planned, with collection of biospecimens from multiple sites. The consortium is actively working with partners in China to provide affordable stents in Africa for palliative ESCC treatment as well as to secure training to safely and effectively place stents. Annual meetings will continue to follow-up on progress and develop new initiatives. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.
Caribbean Cancer Control Leadership Forums
Authors: Ndumele Amara , Kostelecky Brenda , Flanigan John 
Published: April 2017

Abstract 61 Background: In May 2015, the US National Cancer Institute, Center for Global Health (NCI/CGH) partnered with the American Cancer Society and the Healthy Caribbean Coalition to convene the Caribbean Cancer Control Leadership Forum (CCLF), with participating teams from five Caribbean countries: Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago. The CCLF also included country representatives from Antigua, Dominica, Haiti, St Maarten, and Suriname. NCI/CGH convenes a regional CCLF to increase the capacity of participating countries to initiate or enhance cancer control planning and implementation. Country teams include four to six cancer control leaders, each of whom can positively influence their country’s ability to develop and implement a national cancer control plan (NCCP). Since 2015, several country teams have made substantive progress on their action plans and have continued communication with NCI/CGH and its partner, and other countries in the region have taken important steps toward developing NCCPs. NCI/CGH has recognized the utility in reconvening the country teams to further advance their cancer control planning goals, while providing additional technical assistance, mentorship, and networking opportunities. In May 2017, NCI/CGH and partners will host a 2-day phase II Caribbean CCLF as an opportunity for country teams to share progress and challenges, identify solutions, advance action related to development and implementation of NCCP, build country successes, and promote regional control partnership and collaboration via interactive panel sessions, roundtables, and action planning. Methods: The phase II CCLF will include four pre-CCLF webinars, information sharing discussions, adequate team preparation, and in-person interactive sessions and roundtables. Potential topics include: using cancer program toolkits and other data for decision-making; moving from pilot to scale-up phase for cervical cancer prevention and screening programs; and methods to develop registry and pathology infrastructure. Results and Conclusion: With this phase II CCLF, we are targeting the following outcomes: expanded knowledge of NCCP concepts tailored to an individual country’s needs; enhanced and attainable action plans to move forward the NCCP at the country level; and enriched regional collaboration between countries to overcome potential future planning challenges. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.
Basement Membrane Laminin α2 Regulation of BTB Dynamics via Its Effects on F-Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeletons Is Mediated Through mTORC1 Signaling
Authors: Gao Ying , Chen Haiqi , Lui Wing-yee , Lee Will M. , Cheng C. Yan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA local axis connects the apical ectoplasmic specialization (ES) at the Sertoli-spermatid interface, the basal ES at the blood–testis barrier (BTB), and the basement membrane across the seminiferous epithelium functionally in rat testes. As such, cellular events that take place simultaneously across the epithelium such as spermiation and BTB remodeling that occur at the apical ES and the basal ES, respectively, at stage VIII of the cycle are coordinated. Herein, laminin α2, a structural component of the basement membrane, was found to regulate BTB dynamics. Sertoli cells were cultured in vitro to allow the establishment of a tight junction (TJ) barrier that mimicked the BTB in vivo. Knockdown of laminin α2 by transfecting Sertoli cells with laminin α2-specific short hairpin RNA vs the nontargeting negative control was shown to perturb the Sertoli cell TJ barrier, illustrating laminin α2 was involved in regulating BTB dynamics. This regulatory effect was mediated through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling because the two mTORC1 downstream signaling molecules ribosomal protein S6 and Akt1/2 were activated and inactivated, respectively, consistent with earlier findings that mTORC1 is involved in promoting BTB remodeling. Also, laminin α2 knockdown induced F-actin and microtubule (MT) disorganization through changes in the spatial expression of F-actin regulators actin-related protein 3 and epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 vs end-binding protein 1 (a MT plus-end tracking protein, +TIP). These laminin α2 knockdown-mediated effects on F-actin and MT organization was blocked by exposing Sertoli cells to rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTORC1 signaling, and also SC79, an activator of Akt. In summary, laminin α2-mediated regulation on Sertoli cell BTB dynamics is through mTORC1 signaling.
Physical Activity, Vitamin D, and Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Whites and Blacks: The ARIC Study
Authors: Chin Kathleen , Zhao Di , Tibuakuu Martin , Martin Seth S. , Ndumele Chiadi E. , Florido Roberta , Windham B. Gwen , Guallar Eliseo , Lutsey Pamela L. , Michos Erin D. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Context:
Physical activity (PA) is associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. Both are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but their joint association with ASCVD risk is unknown.

Objective:
To examine the relationship between PA and 25(OH)D, and assess effect modification of 25(OH)D and PA with ASCVD.

Design:
Cross-sectional and prospective study.

Setting:
Community-dwelling cohort.

Participants:
A total of 10,342 participants free of ASCVD, with moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA assessed (1987 to 1989) and categorized per American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines (recommended, intermediate, or poor).

Main Outcome Measures:
Serum 25(OH)D levels (1990 to 1992) and ASCVD events (i.e., incident myocardial infarction, fatal coronary disease, or stroke) through 2013.

Results:
Participants had mean age of 54 years, and were 57% women, 21% black, 30% 25(OH)D deficient [&lt;20 ng/mL (&lt;50 nmol/L)], and &lt;40% meeting AHA-recommended PA. PA was linearly associated with 25(OH)D levels in whites. Whites meeting recommended PA were 37% less likely to have 25(OH)D deficiency [relative risk, 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56, 0.71)]; there was no significant association in blacks. Over 19.3 years of follow-up, 1800 incident ASCVD events occurred. Recommended PA was associated with reduced ASCVD risk [hazard ratio [HR], 0.78 (95% CI, 0.65, 0.93) and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.62, 0.93)] among participants with intermediate [20 to &lt;30 ng/mL (50 to &lt;75 nmol/L)] and optimal [≥30 ng/mL (≥75 nmol/L)] 25(OH)D, respectively, but not among those with deficient 25(OH)D (P for interaction = 0.04).

Conclusion:
PA is linearly associated with higher 25(OH)D levels in whites. PA and 25(OH)D may have synergistic beneficial effects on ASCVD risk.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound does not influence bone healing by distraction osteogenesis
Authors: Simpson A. H. R. W. , Keenan G. , Nayagam S. , Atkins R. M. , Marsh D. , Clement N. D. 
Published: April 2017

Aims The aim of this double-blind prospective randomised controlled trial was to assess whether low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) accelerated or enhanced the rate of bone healing in adult patients undergoing distraction osteogenesis. Patients and Methods A total of 62 adult patients undergoing limb lengthening or bone transport by distraction osteogenesis were randomised to treatment with either an active (n = 32) or a placebo (n = 30) ultrasound device. A standardised corticotomy was performed in the proximal tibial metaphysis and a circular Ilizarov frame was used in all patients. The rate of distraction was also standardised. The primary outcome measure was the time to removal of the frame after adjusting for the length of distraction in days/cm for both the per protocol (PP) and the intention-to-treat (ITT) groups. The assessor was blinded to the form of treatment. A secondary outcome was to identify covariates affecting the time to removal of the frame. Results There was no difference in the time to removal of the frame between the PP (difference in favour of the control group was 10.1 days/cm, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.2 to 23.4, p = 0.054) or ITT (difference 5.0 days/cm, 95% CI -8.2 to 18.21, p = 0.226) groups. The smoking status was the only covariate which increased the time to removal of the frame (hazard ratio 0.47, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.97, p = 0.042). Conclusion LIPUS does not influence the rate of bone healing in patients who undergo distraction osteogenesis. Smoking may influence bone healing. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:494–502.
The incidence of nerve root injury by high-speed drill can be reduced by chilled saline irrigation in a rabbit model
Authors: Tamai K. , Suzuki A. , Takahashi S. , Akhgar J. , Rahmani M. S. , Hayashi K. , Ohyama S. , Nakamura H. 
Published: April 2017

Aims We aimed to evaluate the temperature around the nerve root during drilling of the lamina and to determine whether irrigation during drilling can reduce the chance of nerve root injury. Materials and Methods Lumbar nerve roots were exposed to frictional heat by high-speed drilling of the lamina in a live rabbit model, with saline (room temperature (RT) or chilled saline) or without saline (control) irrigation. We measured temperatures surrounding the nerve root and made histological evaluations. Results In the control group, the mean temperature around the nerve root was 52.0°C (38.0°C to 75.5°C) after 60 seconds of drilling, and nerve root injuries were found in one out of 13 (7.7%) immediately, three out of 14 (21.4%) at three days, and 11 out of 25 (44.0%) at seven days post-operatively. While the RT group showed a significantly lower temperature around the nerve root compared with the control group (mean 46.5°C; 34.5°C to 66.9°C, p < 0.001), RT saline failed to significantly reduce the incidence of nerve root injury (ten out of 26; 38.5%; odds ratio (OR) 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.516 to 1.785; p = 0.563). However, chilled saline irrigation resulted in a significantly lower temperature than the control group (mean 39.0°C; 35.3°C to 52.3°C; p < 0.001) and a lower rate of nerve root injury (two out of 21; 9.5%, OR 0.13; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.703, p = 0.010). Conclusion Frictional heat caused by a high-speed drill can cause histological nerve root injury. Chilled saline irrigation had a more prominent effect than RT in reducing the incidence of the thermal injury during extended drilling. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:554–60.
Biomechanical considerations in slipped capital femoral epiphysis and insights into prophylactic fixation
Authors: Leblanc E. , Bellemore J. M. , Cheng T. , Little D. G. , Birke O. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a deformity of the proximal femur secondary to widened and unstable physis. In stabilising the slip, gold standard treatments stop growth and involve premature physeal closure, which prevents the remodelling of the acquired deformity and creates a leg length discrepancy that may be significant in younger patients. Methods We measured the impact of placing threaded screws across the proximal femoral physis by measuring the centre-trochanteric distance (CTD) and articulo-trochanteric distance (ATD) in participants with or without prophylactic fixation. We then compared the mechanical performance of static (stainless and titanium cannulated Synthes screws) and potentially growing implants (Synthes SCFE screw and Pega Medical Free Gliding screw) in a validated synthetic bone model. Results In the review of 30 non-fixed and 60 fixated hips over a mean follow-up of 1.9 years, we have noted a significant difference in pre/post CTD and ATD, as well as the change in CTD and ATD over time. In the biomechanical study, the newer implants allowing growth (Synthes SCFE screw and Pega Medical Free Gliding screw) were both shown to be at least non-inferior. Conclusions The primary deformity of a SCFE in itself alters hip mechanics. Also, as confirmed in this study, there is a secondary deformity that is created by static fixation and relative trochanteric overgrowth. To help remodel mild deformities and prevent secondary trochanteric overgrowth, growing implants seem to be non-inferior to the more standard means of fixation in static testing.
Konvertierung von PDF in XML für die Langzeitarchivierung und Weiterverarbeitung
Authors: Bähr Thomas , Friedrichsen Merle 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
In der Darstellung, Weitergabe und Aufbewahrung elektronischer Publikationen steht das Format PDF unangefochten an erster Stelle. Die Stärken des ISO-standardisierten Formats liegen in der Plattform- und Hardwareunabhängigkeit, in der seitengenauen Darstellung von Publikationen sowie in der einfachen Navigierbarkeit von komplexen Dokumenten. Dank der stetigen Weiterentwicklung des Formats existiert mittlerweile eine große Anzahl an PDF Profilen wie PDF/A, PDF/X, PDF/UA oder PDF/E. Eine flexiblere Dokumentendarstellung ermöglicht hingegen die eXtensible Markup Language XML, welche nicht nur im Web, sondern auch vermehrt in der Druckvorstufe eingesetzt wird. Wie PDF ist auch XML medienneutral und plattformunabhängig. Im Gegensatz zu PDF-Dokumenten erlaubt XML hingegen mittels Erfassung der Inhalte in einer dokumentierten und transparenten Struktur eine Validierung der Inhalte wie auch eine gezielte Weiternutzung einzelner Teilinhalte. Die Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) führte eine Analyse zur Machbarkeit einer PDF-nach-XML-Konvertierung durch. Ziel ist die Vorhaltung von XML-Dokumenten für zwei Prozesse: Erstens zur automatischen Katalogisierung von Kongressbänden auf Aufsatzebene, zweitens zur Aufbewahrung einer parallelen Repräsentation neben PDF-Dokumenten im Langzeitarchiv. Dieser Artikel stellt die Ergebnisse der Machbarkeitsstudie dar.