bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Easy Rescue
Authors: Steel Sandy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with a P-duty not recognised by the current tort law in England and most common law jurisdictions: a duty of easy rescue owed by all persons. The term ‘duty of easy rescue’ normally refers to a general duty to provide assistance to another when there is an imminent high risk of death or serious damage to their body, in circumstances in which the assistance needed would not involve significant cost to the duty-bearer, and when the failure to assist will not make the person subject to the risk worse off than if the duty-bearer had not been present. The duty is general in that it applies to all persons, or all persons with sufficient capacity to assist.
Social Inclusion of People with Disabilities Revisited
Authors: Rimmerman Arie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Persons with disabilities have been disproportionally affected by the COVID-19 virus, experiencing difficulties in accessing health and social services during the pandemic. Lockdowns enforced public health restrictions to prevent spreading of the pandemic, a step needed to protect life. However, these restrictions have had devastating impacts with regard to social inclusion of people with disabilities. During the pandemic, most communication transitioned from offline to online, raising the following questions: How do people with disabilities cope with this change? and Can digital inclusion compensate persons with disabilities for their social exclusion in virtual reality? This book discusses whether the pandemic changes the nature and climate of social inclusion. One view is positive: Remote learning, working from home, access to health information, and interpersonal relations can enhance social inclusion. The opposite view is quite pessimistic: People who have accessibility difficulties online may have the same difficulties offline, mainly because nothing has changed with respect to their social capital. The book explores the roots of social inclusion and exclusion and current use of the terms with respect to people with disabilities, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social inclusion of people with disabilities, and countries’ responses (particularly the United Kingdom and the United States) during the pandemic and afterward. These issues are discussed with respect to persons with various disabilities living in developed and low- and medium-income countries and children with disabilities.
Introduction
Authors: Rimmerman Arie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The term social inclusion means many different things to different people; it is often interpreted by policymakers and politicians as social engagement and participation in society. Social inclusion and social exclusion are often viewed as inseparable. Inclusion is described as the positive outcome of social exclusion, whereas exclusion is viewed as an expression of lack of cohesion and participation in valued social, economic, and cultural activities. Social inclusion gradually changed to digital inclusion during the 21st century and particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most vulnerable people for social and digital exclusion are those with cognitive disabilities, autism spectrum disorder, and visual impairment. This chapter provides an outline of the book.
Social Inclusion of People with Disabilities
Authors: Rimmerman Arie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The chapter introduces the evolution of the terminology of social inclusion. The term social inclusion is interlinked with personhood: Being a person entitles them to interaction with other people in their social niche. Social inclusion is often used interchangeably with other concepts, such as social capital, cultural capital, social cohesion, social integration, and social connection. COVID-19 brought with it dramatic changes in the way people live their lives. Throughout the world, lockdown policies forced a move to digital technology. The chapter raises the question of whether digital technology has replaced face-to-face interpersonal communication and enhanced social capital. It is evident that the most vulnerable people for social exclusion and digital inclusion are those with cognitive disabilities, autism spectrum disorder, and visual impairment. The chapter also discusses the inclusion of children with disabilities and the social exclusion for people with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries as they face disadvantages in terms of poverty, negative attitudes, and exclusion from society.
Digital Technology and Social Inclusion of People with Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Afterwards
Authors: Rimmerman Arie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines digital inclusion as related to social inclusion of people with disabilities, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic and afterwards. One approach is positive regarding the link between social and digital inclusion. Disadvantaged subpopulations, such as people with disabilities, can improve their learning experience online, accessing health information and improving their social networking with others and their social inclusion. The negative approach is that people who have accessibility difficulties online may find the same situation offline. The chapter discusses the digital divide among people with disabilities during the pandemic regarding a lack of hardware, connectivity, and technological digital literacy to access digital devices and the internet. In addition, it discusses the merits and barriers of digital technology for people with all types of disabilities, including visual impairment, auditory disabilities, locomotor disability, cognitive disability, and autism spectrum disorder.
Form-assortative mating behaviors of individuals from parasitic and non-parasitic populations of Arctic lamprey (Lethenteron camtschaticum)
Authors: Daupagne Léa , Furusawa Chiharu , Mieda Hironori , Kishida Osamu , Lasne Emilien , Tentelier Cédric , Koizumi Itsuro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Evolutionary theory predicts that assortative mating is crucial for sympatric speciation by generating reproductive isolation between diverging populations. Here, we investigate the potential of form-assortative mating, an assumed mating pattern in lampreys, for sympatric speciation. By continuously recording mating activity between anadromous and freshwater-resident forms of L. camtschaticum that greatly differ in body size, we show that lampreys tend to mate with individuals of similar size in experimental conditions. However, we highlight that this pattern does not result from a choice of same-form partner but is the result of the simultaneous action of a preference of males—whatever their size—for large anadromous females, a higher competitive ability of aggressive males and physical constraints on heteroform pairs. Moreover, we do not advocate that sympatric speciation, as the sole consequence of form-assortative mating through sexual selection, is a plausible mechanism for the diversification of lampreys as a significant number of sneaking behaviors were observed in freshwater-resident males toward large anadromous females. Broader attention should be given to mechanisms other than the sexual selection that may lead to form-assortative mating, such as variations in the spatial or temporal distribution of alternative forms during reproductive season.
Efficient test for deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with known or ambiguous typing in highly polymorphic loci
Authors: Shkuri Or , Israeli Sapir , Tshuva Yuli , Maiers Martin , Louzoun Yoram 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) assumption is essential to many population genetics models. Multiple tests were developed to test its applicability in observed genotypes. Current methods are divided into exact tests applicable to small populations and a small number of alleles, and approximate goodness-of-fit tests. Existing tests cannot handle ambiguous typing in multi-allelic loci. We here present a novel exact test Unambiguous Multi Allelic Test (UMAT) not limited to the number of alleles and population size, based on a perturbative approach around the current observations. We show its accuracy in the detection of deviation from HWE. We then propose an additional model to handle ambiguous typing using either sampling into UMAT or a goodness-of-fit test test with a variance estimate taking ambiguity into account, named Asymptotic Statistical Test with Ambiguity (ASTA). We show the accuracy of ASTA and the possibility of detecting the source of deviation from HWE. We apply these tests to the HLA loci to reproduce multiple previously reported deviations from HWE, and a large number of new ones.
Heterogeneous latent transfer learning in Gaussian graphical models
Authors: Wu Qiong , Wang Chi , Chen Yong 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Gaussian graphical models (GGMs) are useful for understanding the complex relationships between biological entities. Transfer learning can improve the estimation of GGMs in a target dataset by incorporating relevant information from related source studies. However, biomedical research often involves intrinsic and latent heterogeneity within a study, such as heterogeneous subpopulations. This heterogeneity can make it difficult to identify informative source studies or lead to negative transfer if the source study is improperly used. To address this challenge, we developed a heterogeneous latent transfer learning (Latent-TL) approach that accounts for both within-sample and between-sample heterogeneity. The idea behind this approach is to “learn from the alike” by leveraging the similarities between source and target GGMs within each subpopulation. The Latent-TL algorithm simultaneously identifies common subpopulation structures among samples and facilitates the learning of target GGMs using source samples from the same subpopulation. Through extensive simulations and real data application, we have shown that the proposed method outperforms single-site learning and standard transfer learning that ignores the latent structures. We have also demonstrated the applicability of the proposed algorithm in characterizing gene co-expression networks in breast cancer patients, where the inferred genetic networks identified many biologically meaningful gene–gene interactions.
Anatomical and behavioural correlates of auditory perception in developmental dyslexia
Authors: Qi Ting , Mandelli Maria Luisa , Watson Pereira Christa L , Wellman Emma , Bogley Rian , Licata Abigail E , Miller Zachary A , Tee Boon Lead , de Leon Jessica , Chang Edward F , Oganian Yulia , Gorno-Tempini Maria Luisa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Developmental dyslexia is typically associated with difficulties in basic auditory processing and manipulating speech sounds. However, the neuroanatomical correlates of auditory difficulties in developmental dyslexia and their contribution to individual clinical phenotypes are still unknown. Recent intracranial electrocorticography findings associated processing of sound amplitude rises and speech sounds with posterior and middle superior temporal gyrus (STG), respectively. We hypothesize that regional STG anatomy will relate to specific auditory abilities in developmental dyslexia and that auditory processing abilities will relate to behavioral difficulties with speech and reading.
One hundred and ten children (78 developmental dyslexia, 32 typically developing, age 7–15 years) completed amplitude rise time and speech-in-noise discrimination tasks. They also underwent a battery of cognitive tests. Anatomical MRI scans were used to identify regions in which local cortical gyrification complexity correlated with auditory behaviour.
Behaviourally, amplitude rise time but not speech-in-noise performance was impaired in developmental dyslexia. Neurally, amplitude rise time and speech-in-noise performance correlated with gyrification in posterior and middle STG, respectively. Furthermore, amplitude rise time significantly contributed to reading impairments in developmental dyslexia, while speech in noise only explained variance in phonological awareness. Finally, amplitude rise time and speech-in-noise performance were not correlated, and each task was correlated with distinct neuropsychological measures, emphasizing their unique contributions to developmental dyslexia.
Overall, we provide a direct link between the neurodevelopment of the left STG and individual variability in auditory processing abilities in neurotypical and dyslexic populations
Gene therapy for cardiac diseases: methods, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Grisorio Luca , Bongianino Rossana , Gianeselli Matteo , Priori Silvia Giuliana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Gene therapy is advancing at an unprecedented pace, and the recent success of clinical trials reinforces optimism and trust among the scientific community. Recently, the cardiac gene therapy pipeline, which had progressed more slowly than in other fields, has begun to advance, overcoming biological and technical challenges, particularly in treating genetic heart pathologies. The primary rationale behind the focus on monogenic cardiac diseases is the well-defined molecular mechanisms driving their phenotypes, directly linked to the pathogenicity of single genetic mutations. This aspect makes these conditions a remarkable example of ‘genetically druggable’ diseases. Unfortunately, current treatments for these life-threatening disorders are few and often poorly effective, underscoring the need to develop therapies to modulate or correct their molecular substrates. In this review we examine the latest advancements in cardiac gene therapy, discussing the pros and cons of different molecular approaches and delivery vectors, with a focus on their therapeutic application in cardiac inherited diseases. Additionally, we highlight the key factors that may enhance clinical translation, drawing insights from previous trials and the current prospects of cardiac gene therapy.
Are We Opening Pandora’s Box? Clones, Human Spare Parts and International Law
Authors: Zannoni Diego 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article aims to verify whether human cloning is prohibited in international law and, if so, to what extent. In order to answer this question, it seeks to demonstrate that the complexity of the phenomenon and its concrete implications require a series of appropriate distinctions to be made. The article starts with an overview of the different positions adopted by the member states during the debate in the United Nations (UN) General Assembly, which led to the adoption of the UN Declaration on Human Cloning and continues with a focus on the European legal human cloning framework to verify whether it is more precise than the general international one. It demonstrates that reproductive cloning is prohibited both at the global level and in Europe, while therapeutic cloning so far remains within the limits of lawfulness.
Context matters: a sociocultural framework for materials development
Authors: Carabantes Luis 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
English language education is commonly seen by practitioners and researchers as an activity that should take into account the teachers and learners’ sociocultural realities. Reflecting this, in this article I argue for the use of Activity Theory as a sociocultural framework to promote the development of practitioners’ contextually relevant learning materials. Illustrating from my own EAP practice, I show how I used Activity Theory to overcome the limitations of the materials that were provided at a British university to teach multimodality to a group of international foundation students. Whilst making the case that materials development should reflect the sociocultural nature of teaching and learning, the article also argues that materials development knowledge and skills should be part of teachers’ core pedagogical repertoire.
Real-World Comparison of Effectiveness, Treatment Persistence, and Safety of First-Line Advanced Therapies at 1 Year for Ulcerative Proctitis
Authors: Dalal Rahul S , Clarke Lindsay M , Carlin Alex , Cabral Heidy , Allegretti Jessica R 
Published: September 2024

Lay Summary
In this retrospective cohort study, vedolizumab was associated with higher odds of steroid-free clinical remission at 1 year compared to anti-TNF agents for bio-naïve patients with ulcerative proctitis.
Exploring home healthcare clinicians’ needs for using clinical decision support systems for early risk warning
Authors: Xu Zidu , Evans Lauren , Song Jiyoun , Chae Sena , Davoudi Anahita , Bowles Kathryn H , McDonald Margaret V , Topaz Maxim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To explore home healthcare (HHC) clinicians’ needs for Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) information delivery for early risk warning within HHC workflows.

Methods
Guided by the CDS “Five-Rights” framework, we conducted semi-structured interviews with multidisciplinary HHC clinicians from April 2023 to August 2023. We used deductive and inductive content analysis to investigate informants’ responses regarding CDSS information delivery.

Results
Interviews with thirteen HHC clinicians yielded 16 codes mapping to the CDS “Five-Rights” framework (right information, right person, right format, right channel, right time) and 11 codes for unintended consequences and training needs. Clinicians favored risk levels displayed in color-coded horizontal bars, concrete risk indicators in bullet points, and actionable instructions in the existing EHR system. They preferred non-intrusive risk alerts requiring mandatory confirmation. Clinicians anticipated risk information updates aligned with patient’s condition severity and their visit pace. Additionally, they requested training to understand the CDSS’s underlying logic, and raised concerns about information accuracy and data privacy.

Discussion
While recognizing CDSS’s value in enhancing early risk warning, clinicians highlighted concerns about increased workload, alert fatigue, and CDSS misuse. The top risk factors identified by machine learning algorithms, especially text features, can be ambiguous due to a lack of context. Future research should ensure that CDSS outputs align with clinical evidence and are explainable.

Conclusion
This study identified HHC clinicians’ expectations, preferences, adaptations, and unintended uses of CDSS for early risk warning. Our findings endorse operationalizing the CDS “Five-Rights” framework to optimize CDSS information delivery and integration into HHC workflows.
Three-dimensional evaluation of the responses of two species of flies (Diptera) to an indoor light trap
Authors: Joiner Jillian M , Branca Alyssa S , Banfield Michael G , Downs Christopher H , Muzio Gabriel M , Borden John H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We used the Photonic Fence Monitoring Device (PFMD) to evaluate orientation by Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), and Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to the Zevo Flying Insect Trap Model 3. The PFMD’s dual cameras record infrared light (IR) reflected from a wavelength-specific fabric; insects do not reflect IR at the same wavelength and are tracked in 3 dimensions as moving objects. The plug-in trap emits ultraviolet and blue light from behind an opaque shield; attracted insects enter the space between the shield and the wall and are trapped on a sticky cartridge facing the wall. An experiment (N = 10) with replicates of approximately 40, 1- to 7-day-old mixed-sex flies of each species was conducted in a 6.1 m3 arena. Prior to turning the trap on, the fly movement was not directed toward the trap on the back wall of the arena, regardless of whether the overhead light was on or off. When the overhead light was off, the mean first catch of both species occurred within 5 min after the trap was turned on, and 33.1% and 41.8% of M. domestica and C. vicina, respectively, were caught. House flies flew toward the trap, many approaching from below, while C. vicina apparently walked or flew outside the field of view of the PFMD until they appeared on the vertical reflective surface, and then walked toward the trap from all directions. Our results show that the Zevo Trap attracts and catches flies, and that the PFMD can be used to track flying and walking flies.
Feeding behavior, life-history traits, and settling preference of Aulacorthum solani (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on resistant and susceptible soybeans
Authors: Han Xue , Lei Jiahui , Zhang Yuhan , Jia Yulong , Wang Xiaoyun , Liu Jian , Tian Zhenqi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major pest worldwide. It can infest various crops, including soybean, and reduce yields. The use of insect-resistant cultivars can effectively manage pests. Dowling is a soybean cultivar that can control Aphis glycines through antibiosis and antixenosis. In this study, we investigated the feeding behavior of A. solani using electropenetrography (EPG), and its life-history traits using an age-stage, two-sex life table, and its settling preferences on Dowling (resistant) and Heinong 51 (HN51, susceptible) soybean cultivars. The Dowling cultivar showed strong antibiosis against A. solani. Aphids feeding on Dowling exhibited significantly reduced survival, fecundity, and longevity, and increased nymph duration. Moreover, Dowling had negative impacts on the demographic parameters of the aphids. The number of A. solani individuals was significantly less on Dowling than on HN51, indicating the antixenotic effects of Dowling. As shown using EPG, the mechanical blocking wave (F) of A. solani was significantly longer after feeding on Dowling than after feeding on HN51, indicating that Dowling has a higher mechanical resistance. In conclusion, Dowling exhibited strong resistance to A. solani. These results are beneficial for integrated pest management in soybean fields and breeding programs.
Functional roles of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in dinotefuran and flupyrimin toxicity and their sublethal effects on Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Wu Ling , Li Yongqi , Ding Wenbing , He Hualiang , Gao Hongshuai , Gao Qiao , Li Youzhi , Qiu Lin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a serious rice pest, has developed significant resistance to a wide range of pesticides. Neonicotinoid insecticides are currently the primary choice for controlling S. furcifera, yet their impact on the species remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the binding sites of a conventional insecticide (dinotefuran) and a novel insecticide (flupyrimin), and evaluated their sublethal effects on S. furcifera. Our results revealed that the LC50 of dinotefuran and flupyrimin were 2.51 mg/L and 2.80 mg/L in third-instar S. furcifera, respectively. RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of S. furcifera nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha2 subunit (Sfα2) and S. furcifera nAChR beta1 subunit (Sfβ1) significantly reduced the susceptibility to dinotefuran by 18.7% and 16.8%, respectively, but had no effect on flupyrimin. Reproduction of the F0 and F1 generations was significantly inhibited by the LC25 of both dinotefuran and flupyrimin. In the dinotefuran treatment at LC25, the intrinsic growth rate (r) and finite growth rate (λ) were reduced to 0.15 and 0.16 days, respectively; the mean generation time (T) increased to 27.77 days, and the relative fitness was only 0.76 compared to the control. Additionally, the relative fitness (Rf) of the flupyrimin-treated group was reduced to 0.93 and 0.86 times that of the control group. The population dynamics of S. furcifera are significantly affected by both dinotefuran and flupyrimin, making these insecticides valuable tools for integrated pest management and the rational use of insecticides.