bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing intravascular ultrasound imaging prior to treatment of severely calcified coronary lesions with orbital atherectomy: An ORBIT II sub‐analysis
Authors: Shlofmitz Evan , Martinsen Brad , Lee Michael , Généreux Philippe , Behrens Ann , Kumar Gautam , Puma Joseph , Shlofmitz Richard , Chambers Jeffrey 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesWe sought to assess the clinical outcomes when intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was used prior to orbital atherectomy treatment (OA) versus angiography alone for lesion assessment.BackgroundPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of severely calcified lesions is associated with high rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). IVUS provides additional diagnostic information to optimize PCI.MethodsORBIT II was a single‐arm study of 443 patients with de novo, severely calcified coronary lesions treated with OA before stent placement. Patients with IVUS imaging prior to OA (N = 35) were compared to patients without IVUS imaging for initial lesion assessment (N = 405). In this post‐hoc sub‐analysis procedural outcomes and the 3‐year MACE rate were evaluated.ResultsThe rates of severe angiographic complications were low in patients with and without IVUS imaging prior to OA. There was a significant reduction in the number of stents used in patients with IVUS imaging prior to OA (1.0 ± 0.2 vs 1.3 ± 0.6; P = 0.006) and increased post‐OA mean minimal lumen diameter (MLD) (1.6 ± 0.6 mm vs 1.2 ± 0.5 mm; P < 0.001). The 3‐year MACE rate was similar in both groups (IVUS: 14.3% vs No IVUS: 24.2%; P = 0.26).ConclusionsThere were significantly fewer stents placed, increased post‐OA MLD, and similar 3‐year MACE outcomes in patients with IVUS assessment of the degree of lesion calcification prior to OA as compared to patients with angiographic assessment of the degree of lesion calcification. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal integration of intravascular imaging with OA.
Spatial distribution of US employment in an urban efficiency wage setting
Authors: Giménez‐Nadal José Ignacio , Molina José Alberto , Velilla Jorge 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe analyze whether efficiency wages operate in urban labor markets, within the framework proposed by Ross and Zenou, in which shirking at work and leisure are assumed to be substitutes. We use unique data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) that allow us to analyze the relationships between leisure, shirking, commuting, employment, and earnings. We confirm that shirking and leisure are substitutes, and present an estimate of this relationship, representing the only empirical test of the relationship between a worker's time endowment and shirking at work. Our findings point to the existence of efficiency wages in labor markets.
Comparison of a descriptive analysis and instrumental measurements (electronic nose and electronic tongue) for the sensory profiling of Korean fermented soybean paste (doenjang)
Authors: Jung Hee Yeon , Kwak Han Sub , Kim Mi Jeong , Kim Yoonsook , Kim Kwang‐Ok , Kim Sang Sook 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using an electronic nose (e‐nose) and electronic tongue (e‐tongue) in the sensory profiling of doenjang, a fermented soybean paste. The descriptive analysis of doenjang by trained panelists was compared with that assessed using the e‐nose and e‐tongue. Eighteen aroma/taste/flavor attributes developed by trained panels from 14 doenjang samples were compared with the results from e‐nose and e‐tongue measurements. The e‐nose detected 11 volatile compounds, while the e‐tongue measured the intensities of 5 basic tastes. The correlation between the descriptive results and instrument measurements (e‐nose and e‐tongue) demonstrated that the e‐nose results were not correlated with most of the odors and flavors of doenjang, whereas the e‐tongue was effective in estimating taste intensities for sweetness (r = .798), umami (r = .821), and saltiness (r = .786). However, low correlations between the results from a trained panel and from the e‐tongue were found for sourness and bitterness.Practical applicationsThe use of instruments to measure volatile compounds and taste attributes may not reflect the overall sensory characteristics of food products. The results of an e‐nose and e‐tongue test were not correlated with the sensory attributes identified by the trained panel. These findings may be due to interaction effects among volatile compounds and/or tastes and also might not fully consider the threshold of each volatile compound. Therefore, it is necessary to account for discrepancies between current technologies for mechanical sensory measurements and human perception studies in the evaluation of food products that have complex odor/tastes/flavors.
Subtractive phage display selection for screening and identification of peptide sequences with potential use in serodiagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Authors: Portes L. da Silva , Kioshima E.S. , de Camargo Z.P. , Batista W.L. , Xander P. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic granulomatous disease endemic in Latin America whose aetiologic agents are the thermodimorphic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii. Despite technological advances, some problems have been reported for the fungal antigens used for serological diagnosis, and inconsistencies among laboratories have been reported. The use of synthetic peptides in the serological diagnosis of infectious diseases has proved to be a valuable strategy because in some cases, the reactions are more specific and sensitive. In this study, we used a subtractive selection with a phage display library against purified polyclonal antibodies for negative and positive PCM sera caused by P. brasiliensis. The binding phages were sequenced and tested in a binding assay to evaluate its interaction with sera from normal individuals and PCM patients. Synthetic peptides derived from these phage clones were tested in a serological assay, and we observed a significant recognition of LP15 by sera from PCM patients infected with P. brasiliensis. Our results demonstrated that subtractive phage display selection may be useful for identifying new epitopes that can be applied to the serodiagnosis of PCM caused by P. brasiliensis.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Currently, there is no standardized method for the preparation of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) antigens, which has resulted in differences in the antigens used for serological diagnosis. Here, we report a procedure that uses subtractive phage display selection to select and identify new epitopes for the serodiagnosis of PCM caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. A synthetic peptide obtained using this methodology was successfully recognized by sera from PCM patients, thus demonstrating its potential use for improving the serodiagnosis of this mycosis. The development of synthetic peptides for the serodiagnosis of PCM could be a promising alternative for the better standardization of diagnoses among laboratories.
Steatosis severity affects the diagnostic performances of noninvasive fibrosis tests in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Joo Sae Kyung , Kim Won , Kim Donghee , Kim Jung Ho , Oh Sohee , Lee Kook Lae , Chang Mee Soo , Jung Yong Jin , So Young Ho , Lee Myoung Seok , Bae Jeong Mo , Kim Byeong Gwan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a wide spectrum of heterogeneous metabolic subtypes. This study compared the diagnostic performances of noninvasive fibrosis tests in predicting advanced fibrosis among patients with NAFLD and examined the effects of the subgroups on their diagnostic performances.MethodsThree hundred fifteen patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD were prospectively enrolled. Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) was performed to obtain liver stiffness measurements (LSMs). The aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR), aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis 4 index (FIB‐4), NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) and BARD score were calculated. The diagnostic performances of noninvasive fibrosis tests were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).ResultsFibrosis 4 index (FIB‐4) showed the highest AUROC for advanced fibrosis (0.866; 95% CI, 0.811‐0.922). AUROC subgroup analyses were performed to assess the effects of the subgroups on diagnostic performance. For patients with advanced fibrosis, the APRI, BARD, FIB‐4 and NFS AUROCs were significantly different among the radiological steatosis grades. Additionally, the AUROC of ARFI tended to decrease with increasing radiological steatosis severity. FIB‐4 and NFS showed significantly lower AUROCs for advanced fibrosis in obese NAFLD than in nonobese NAFLD (P = .002 and P < .001 respectively). However, only radiological steatosis severity was independently associated with advanced fibrosis in multivariable analysis.ConclusionsSteatosis severity may affect the diagnostic performances of noninvasive fibrosis tests in patients with NAFLD. The application of different tools should be tailored for various NAFLD subgroups to optimize noninvasive fibrosis assessments.
Carbonyl reduction by YmfI in Bacillus subtilis prevents accumulation of an inhibitory EF‐P modification state
Authors: Hummels Katherine R. , Witzky Anne , Rajkovic Andrei , Tollerson Rodney , Jones Lisa A. , Ibba Michael , Kearns Daniel B. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryTranslation elongation factor P (EF‐P) in Bacillus subtilis is required for a form of surface migration called swarming motility. Furthermore, B. subtilis EF‐P is post‐translationally modified with a 5‐aminopentanol group but the pathway necessary for the synthesis and ligation of the modification is unknown. Here we determine that the protein YmfI catalyzes the reduction of EF‐P‐5 aminopentanone to EF‐P‐5 aminopentanol. In the absence of YmfI, accumulation of 5‐aminopentanonated EF‐P is inhibitory to swarming motility. Suppressor mutations that enhanced swarming in the absence of YmfI were found at two positions on EF‐P, including one that changed the conserved modification site (Lys 32) and abolished post‐translational modification. Thus, while modification of EF‐P is thought to be essential for EF‐P activity, here we show that in some cases it can be dispensable. YmfI is the first protein identified in the pathway leading to EF‐P modification in B. subtilis, and B. subtilis encodes the first EF‐P ortholog that retains function in the absence of modification.
Medicine is not health care, food is health care: plant metabolic engineering, diet and human health
Authors: Martin Cathie , Li Jie 
Published: August 2017

SummaryPlants make substantial contributions to our health through our diets, providing macronutrients for energy and growth as well as essential vitamins and phytonutrients that protect us from chronic diseases. Imbalances in our food can lead to deficiency diseases or obesity and associated metabolic disorders, increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Nutritional security is now a global challenge which can be addressed, at least in part, through plant metabolic engineering for nutritional improvement of foods that are accessible to and eaten by many. We review the progress that has been made in nutritional enhancement of foods, both improvements through breeding and through biotechnology and the engineering principles on which increased phytonutrient levels are based. We also consider the evidence, where available, that such foods do enhance health and protect against chronic diseases.

Contents

Summary
699

I.
Introduction
699

II.
The two faces of nutritional enhancement
700

III.
Biofortification to address deficiency diseases
700

IV.
How successful has metabolic engineering been in biofortification?
706

V.
Improving the concentrations of phytonutrients in foods
707

VI.
Conclusions
714

Acknowledgements
714

References
714
Antiobesity effects of resveratrol: which tissues are involved?
Authors: Fernández‐Quintela Alfredo , Milton‐Laskibar Iñaki , González Marcela , Portillo Maria P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity has been increasing in recent decades and is reaching epidemic proportions. The current options for overweight and obesity management are energy restriction and physical activity. However, compliance with these treatments is frequently poor and less successful than expected. Therefore, the scientific community is interested in active biomolecules, which may be useful in body weight management. Among them, resveratrol (3,5,4′‐trihydroxy‐trans‐stilbene) has generated great interest as an antiobesity agent. The focus of this report is the mechanisms of action of resveratrol on several tissues (i.e., white and brown adipose tissues, liver, and skeletal muscle). Resveratrol blunts fat accumulation through decreasing adipogenesis and/or de novo lipogenesis in white adipose tissue. The effects on lipolysis are controversial. Regarding brown adipose tissue, resveratrol increases the capacity for adaptive thermogenesis. As far as liver and skeletal muscle is concerned, resveratrol increases lipid oxidation in both tissues. Therefore, in rodents, there is a general consensus concerning the effect of resveratrol on reducing body fat accumulation. By contrast, in humans, the studies are scarce, and no clear antiobesity action has been revealed so far.
Does ultrasound guidance add accuracy to continuous caudal‐epidural catheter placements in neonates and infants?
Authors: Ponde Vrushali C. , Bedekar Vinit V. , Desai Ankit P. , Puranik Kiran A. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundCaudo‐lumbar and caudo‐thoracic epidural anesthesia is an established technique that carries a low risk of dural puncture or spinal cord trauma in infants. Traditionally catheter advancement is based on external measurements. However, malpositioning of catheters are known to occur. We hypothesized that caudal‐epidural catheters inserted under real‐time ultrasound guidance may be more accurate than the accuracy of the measurements traditionally used for their placement.MethodsWe studied 25 patients, aged 2 days to 5 months, posted for abdominal or thoracic surgery, receiving general anesthesia followed by caudo‐epidural continuous block. External measurement defined as the distance from the caudal space and the surgically congruent vertebral level was measured in centimeters with the back gently flexed. Subsequently, a caudo‐epidural block was performed in the same position. The epidural catheter insertion was followed under real‐time ultrasound guidance till the predetermined vertebral level was reached. The actual length placed under real‐time ultrasound scan was defined as the actual length. The high‐frequency probe was placed longitudinal and paramedian to the spine. The vertebral level was determined by identifying the lumbosacral junction in longitudinal saggital view and counting the vertebrae up from L5. The catheter length at the skin was compared with the length recorded by external measurement.ResultsThe actual length placed under real‐time ultrasound scan were consistently longer than the external distance between the caudal space and selected vertebral level. The mean values of ultrasound were higher than the mean values of external measurement with a difference of 4.28 cm. Accuracy was not affected by age or affected by the selected vertebral level in the age group we studied.ConclusionWe conclude that catheters placed under ultrasound guidance are more accurate than the traditional method developed before the advent of ultrasound in young infants.
Novel technologies in doubled haploid line development
Authors: Ren Jiaojiao , Wu Penghao , Trampe Benjamin , Tian Xiaolong , Lübberstedt Thomas , Chen Shaojiang 
Published: August 2017

Summaryhaploid inducer line can be transferred (DH) technology can not only shorten the breeding process but also increase genetic gain. Haploid induction and subsequent genome doubling are the two main steps required for DH technology. Haploids have been generated through the culture of immature male and female gametophytes, and through inter‐ and intraspecific via chromosome elimination. Here, we focus on haploidization via chromosome elimination, especially the recent advances in centromere‐mediated haploidization. Once haploids have been induced, genome doubling is needed to produce DH lines. This study has proposed a new strategy to improve haploid genome doubling by combing haploids and minichromosome technology. With the progress in haploid induction and genome doubling methods, DH technology can facilitate reverse breeding, cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line production, gene stacking and a variety of other genetic analysis.
Kierkegaard, Repetition and Ethical Constancy
Authors: Watts Daniel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHow can a person forge a stable ethical identity over time? On one view, ethical constancy means reapplying the same moral rules. On a rival view, it means continually adapting to one's ethical context in a way that allows one to be recognized as the same practical agent. Focusing on his thinking about repetition, I show how Kierkegaard offers a critical perspective on both these views. From this perspective, neither view can do justice to our vulnerability to certain kinds of crisis, in which our ethical self‐understanding is radically undermined. I further examine his alternative account of ethical constancy, by clarifying Kierkegaard's idea of a ‘second ethics’, as addressed to those who feel ethically powerless and as requiring an ongoing process of self‐transformation.
Effect of image‐matching parameters and local morphology on the geomorphological quality of SPOT DEMs
Authors: El Hage Mhamad , Simonetto Elisabeth , Faour Ghaleb , Polidori Laurent 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDigital elevation models (DEMs) are used for many applications, including geomorphological feature identification. This study assesses, for selected regions of Lebanon, the impact of matching parameters on the geomorphic indices extracted from photogrammetrically derived DEMs. Three parameters are shown to have a significant effect on the geomorphic indices: the template size and the correlation and curvature thresholds. The most influential parameter is the template size, an increase in which decreases the proportion of interpolated points and leads to more reliable matching, but it also tends to smooth the morphology of the DEM. A small template size tends to preserve the details of the terrain, especially for steep slopes, but it also increases noise in the DEM. For the present study, the optimal value for this parameter is about 13 × 13 pixels. High threshold values lead to more reliable matches but also increase the proportion of interpolated points, which has a significant effect on the resulting geomorphology.
When Trumps Clash: Dworkin and the Doctrine of Proportionality
Authors: Weinrib Jacob 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIf there is one point on which defenders and critics of the doctrine of proportionality agree, it is that Dworkin's rights as trumps model stands as a radical alternative to the doctrine. Those who are sympathetic to proportionality reject the rights as trumps model for failing to acknowledge that there are conditions under which a right may be justifiably infringed. In turn, those who regard rights as trumps reject the doctrine of proportionality for failing to take rights seriously. This paper argues that each of these views is mistaken. On the one hand, Dworkin's rights as trumps model elides with a prominent version of the proportionality doctrine. On the other, this version takes rights seriously.
Regulatory inspection and the changing legitimacy of health and safety
Authors: Almond Paul , Esbester Mike 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe regulation of conduct via law is a key mechanism through which broader social meanings are negotiated and expressed. The use of regulatory tools to bring about desired outcomes reflects existing social and political understandings of institutional legitimacy, the meanings attached to regulation, and the values it seeks to advance. But these contextual understandings are not static, and their evolution poses challenges for regulators, particularly when they reflect political framing processes. This paper shows how inspection has been reshaped as a tool within the United Kingdom's health and safety system by changes in the meanings attached to the concept of “risk‐based regulation.” While rates of inspection have fallen dramatically in recent years, the nature and quality of inspection have also been fundamentally reshaped via an increasingly procedural and economically rational “risk‐based” policy context. This has had consequences for the transformative and symbolic value of inspection as a tool of regulatory practice.
Should all dialysis patients with hepatitis C be treated? If so, before or after kidney transplantation?
Authors: Jadoul Michel , Martin Paul 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHCV infection by genotype 1 and 4 can now be cured in close to 100% of patients with stage 4 or 5 CKD, including dialysis patients. Several regimens are available, all interferon‐free and given for only 12 weeks. Thus unless life expectancy is short, HCV infection should be treated. The optimal timing of antiviral treatment will be dependent on several parameters: the possibility of being transplanted rapidly (either with a HCV+ graft or from a living donor) calls for treatment after transplantation. On the contrary, severe liver fibrosis, especially with portal hypertension calls for immediate treatment of HCV. Finally specific HCV genotype also impacts the treatment decision as genotypes 2,3,5 and 6 currently can be treated more easily after restoration of kidney function rather than in the presence of severe CKD, although this is anticipated to change soon once newer pangenotypic regimens are licensed.
Arabidopsis Chromatin Assembly Factor 1 is required for occupancy and position of a subset of nucleosomes
Authors: Muñoz‐Viana Rafael , Wildhaber Thomas , Trejo‐Arellano Minerva S. , Mozgová Iva , Hennig Lars 
Published: August 2017

SummaryChromatin Assembly Factor 1 (CAF‐1) is a major nucleosome assembly complex which functions particularly during DNA replication and repair. Here we studied how the nucleosome landscape changes in a CAF‐1 mutant in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Globally, most nucleosomes were not affected by loss of CAF‐1, indicating the presence of efficient alternative nucleosome assemblers. Nucleosomes that we found depleted in the CAF‐1 mutant were enriched in non‐transcribed regions, consistent with the notion that CAF‐1‐independent nucleosome assembly can compensate for loss of CAF‐1 mainly in transcribed regions. Depleted nucleosomes were particularly enriched in proximal promoters, suggesting that CAF‐1‐independent nucleosome assembly mechanisms are often not efficient upstream of transcription start sites. Genes related to plant defense were particularly prone to lose nucleosomes in their promoters upon CAF‐1 depletion. Reduced nucleosome occupancy at promoters of many defense‐related genes is associated with a primed gene expression state that may considerably increase plant fitness by facilitating plant defense. Together, our results establish that the nucleosome landscape in Arabidopsis is surprisingly robust even in the absence of the dedicated nucleosome assembly machinery CAF‐1 and that CAF‐1‐independent nucleosome assembly mechanisms are less efficient in particular genome regions.