bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering Stimuli‐Responsive Materials for Precision Medicine
Authors: Zheng Ruixuan , Yu Chang , Yao Dan , Cai Mengsi , Zhang Lexiang , Ye Fangfu , Huang Xiaoying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOver the past decade, precision medicine has garnered increasing attention, making significant strides in discovering new therapeutic drugs and mechanisms, resulting in notable achievements in symptom alleviation, pain reduction, and extended survival rates. However, the limited target specificity of primary drugs and inter‐individual differences have often necessitated high‐dosage strategies, leading to challenges such as restricted deep tissue penetration rates and systemic side effects. Material science advancements present a promising avenue for these issues. By leveraging the distinct internal features of diseased regions and the application of specific external stimuli, responsive materials can be tailored to achieve targeted delivery, controllable release, and specific biochemical reactions. This review aims to highlight the latest advancements in stimuli‐responsive materials and their potential in precision medicine. Initially, we introduce disease‐related internal stimuli and capable external stimuli, elucidating the reaction principles of responsive functional groups. Subsequently, we provide a detailed analysis of representative pre‐clinical achievements of stimuli responsive materials across various clinical applications, including enhancements in the treatment of cancers, injury diseases, inflammatory diseases, infection diseases, and high‐throughput microfluidic biosensors. Finally, we discuss some clinical challenges, such as off‐target effects, long‐term impacts of nano‐materials, potential ethical concerns, and offer insights into future perspectives of stimuli‐responsive materials.
Enrichment of Active Hydrogen at Amorphous CoO/Cu2O Heterojunction Interfaces Enhances Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Liu Jiahao , Li Yufeng , Jia Xiaojie , Shen Jianhua , Zhu Yihua , Li Chunzhong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe reduction of nitrate into valuable ammonia via electrocatalysis offers a green and sustainable synthetic pathway for ammonia. The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) encompasses two crucial reaction steps: nitrate deoxygenation and nitrite hydrogenation. Notably, the nitrite hydrogenation reaction is regarded as the rate‐determining step of the process. Herein, the amorphous CoO support introduced for the construction of the a‐CoO/Cu2O tandem catalyst provides sufficient active hydrogen and synergistically catalyzes the NO3RR. The a‐CoO/Cu2O catalyst showed excellent performance with a maximum NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 95.72% and a maximum yield rate of 0.96 mmol h−1 mgcat−1 at −0.4 V. In the flow cell, the maximum NH3 yield rate of 12.14 mmol h−1 mgcat−1 is achieved at −800 mA. The high NO3RR activity of a‐CoO/Cu2O is attributed to the synergistic cascade effect of amorphous CoO and Cu2O at the heterojunction interface, where Cu2O serves as the adsorption site for NO3−, while the accelerated active hydrogen generation of amorphous CoO promotes the nitrite hydrogenation reaction. This work provides a strategy for designing multi‐site cascade catalysts centered on amorphous structures to achieve efficient NO3RR.
Self‐Assembly Hybrid Manufacture of Nanoarrays for Metasurfaces
Authors: Yu Bowen , Ma Yuan , Wang Yujiao , Song Lele , Yu Guoxu , Zhang Xuanhe , Wang Qingyi , Pang Zuobo , Zhang Ye , Wang Qi , Wang Jiadao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe development of metasurfaces necessitates the rapid fabrication of nanoarrays on diverse substrates at large scales, the preparation of patterned nanoarrays on both planar and curved surfaces, and even the creation of nanoarrays on prefabricated structures to form multiscale metastructures. However, conventional fabrication methods fall short of these rigorous requirements. In this work, a novel self‐assembly hybrid manufacturing (SAHM) method is introduced for the rapid and scalable fabrication of shape‐controllable nanoarrays on various rigid and flexible substrates. This method can be easily integrated with other fabrication techniques, such as lithography and screen printing, to produce patterned nanoarrays on both planar and non‐developable surfaces. Utilizing the SAHM method, nanoarrays are fabricated on prefabricated micropillars to create multiscale pillar‐nanoarray metastructures. Measurements indicate that these multiscale metastructures can manipulate electromagnetic waves across a range of wavelengths. Therefore, the SAHM method demonstrates the potential of multiscale structures as a new paradigm for the design and fabrication of metasurfaces.
Extracting Fix Patterns for Static Analysis Violations Based on Collective Developer Knowledge
Authors: Karatzas Michael , Diamantopoulos Themistoklis , Symeonidis Andreas 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionMuch of the effort spent on software development is allocated on detecting and fixing bugs or, more generally, violations that lead to erroneous or inefficient code. Although static analysis tools aspire to automate bug detection, their usage is typically limited to code style rules and typical violations, while they only provide generic instructions for bug fixing. As a result, contemporary approaches focus on extracting bug‐fix patterns from source code revisions (commits).MethodologyIn this work, we build a methodology that extracts fix patterns for violations detected by the PMD static analysis tool. In contrast to current approaches, which employ specific data sources and focus on particular violations, our system extracts source code edits from multiple GitHub repositories and maps them into 36 different types of violations. By employing a detailed syntax tree representation and a tree edit distance technique, we build a similarity scheme for source code edits, which is used to group them into clusters. We employ two clustering algorithms, K‐medoids and DBSCAN, and further optimize them using a purity metric to produce clusters that correspond to specific fixes.ResultsOur evaluation indicates that DBSCAN extracts more cohesive clusters (purity more than 0.9), which effectively target specific PMD rules, while K‐medoids extracts generic clusters (purity around 0.7) that pinpoint common edits.ConclusionFinally, upon analyzing the diversity of the sources from which fixes are derived (commits and repositories), we conclude that they are generic enough to reflect how similar issues are dealt with by the developer community.
A large type Va dermoid sinus (true dermoid cyst) on the dorsal thoracic region in an English Springer Spaniel dog
Authors: Basinska Malwina , McCready Daniella 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA 3.5‐year‐old, male, neutered English Springer Spaniel dog presented for a large subcutaneous mass on the dorsal thoracic region. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scan confirmed a fluid‐filled subcutaneous lesion with no evidence of connection to the spinal cord. Complete surgical excision was performed. Histopathological examination was consistent with a dermoid sinus. A seroma developed post‐operatively and was successfully managed surgically. The patient made a full recovery. This is the first reported case of a type Va dermoid sinus on the dorsal thoracic region in an English Springer Spaniel dog.
Predictors of and outcomes related to perioperative myocardial injury post‐tracheotomy
Authors: Lesh Randy W. , Park Jino , Desiato Vincent M. , Matsumura Martin , Haugen Thorsen W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionPerioperative myocardial injury (PMI) is associated with increased mortality. We describe risk factors for and outcomes of PMI in patients undergoing tracheotomy.MethodsRetrospective study of patients undergoing tracheotomy from 2007 to 2016. PMI was defined by a postoperative cardiac troponin I (cTnI) > 99th percentile. Demographics and comorbidities were extracted from the electronic medical record and compared between patients with and without PMI. Significant univariate predictors were included in a multivariable logistic regression model to determine independent predictors of PMI. Thirty‐day and 1‐year mortality of patients with and without PMI were compared.ResultsOf 861 patients undergoing tracheotomy, 41 (4.76%) had PMI and 820 (95.24%) did not. PMI was associated with higher mortality at both 30 days (40.5% vs. 11.2%, p < 0.001) and 1 year (73.2% vs. 44.1%, p < 0.001). Patients with PMI were older (median age 65 vs. 60, p = 0.002) and more likely to have prior myocardial infarction (MI) (36.6% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.001) and chronic kidney disease (31.7% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.024). Cancer diagnosis was associated with a lower risk of PMI (24.4% vs. 41.8%, p = 0.041). Older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.033, p < 0.001) and prior MI (OR = 3.686, p < 0.001) were independently associated with PMI.ConclusionPatients with PMI following tracheotomy had increased short‐ and long‐term mortality. Increased age and history of prior MI were independent predictors of PMI, while cancer was associated with a lower risk of PMI following tracheotomy. ICU patients likely have more acute ailments contributing to a higher risk of PMI and poorer outcomes compared to cancer patients requiring tracheotomy. We propose routine screening for PMI with cTnI in the postoperative period in all tracheotomy patients.
Quality Assured: Rethinking Annotation Strategies in Imaging AI
Authors: Rädsch Tim , Reinke Annika , Weru Vivienn , Tizabi Minu D. , Heller Nicholas , Isensee Fabian , Kopp-Schneider Annette , Maier-Hein Lena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper does not describe a novel method. Instead, it studies an essential foundation for reliable benchmarking and ultimately real-world application of AI-based image analysis: generating high-quality reference annotations. Previous research has focused on crowdsourcing as a means of outsourcing annotations. However, little attention has so far been given to annotation companies, specifically regarding their internal quality assurance (QA) processes. Therefore, our aim is to evaluate the influence of QA employed by annotation companies on annotation quality and devise methodologies for maximizing data annotation efficacy. Based on a total of 57,648 instance segmented images obtained from a total of 924 annotators and 34 QA workers from four annotation companies and Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), we derived the following insights: (1) Annotation companies perform better both in terms of quantity and quality compared to the widely used platform MTurk. (2) Annotation companies’ internal QA only provides marginal improvements, if any. However, improving labeling instructions instead of investing in QA can substantially boost annotation performance. (3) The benefit of internal QA depends on specific image characteristics. Our work could enable researchers to derive substantially more value from a fixed annotation budget and change the way annotation companies conduct internal QA.
Diesseits des Sachenrechts
Authors: Michel Margot 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDie bisherige Untersuchung hat gezeigt, dass das geltende schweizerische Recht Tiere auch im 21. Jahrhundert strukturell im Status eines Rechtsobjekts belässt. Tiere bleiben als «sachähnliche» Rechtsobjekte weiterhin dem Anwendungsbereich des Sachenrechts unterstellt: Sie bleiben insbesondere eigentumsfähig und damit mögliches Objekt weiterer dinglicher Rechte. Die nominelle «Ent-Sachlichung» entfaltet somit keine grundlegende Wirkung auf die Verortung der Tiere im Sachenrecht.
Ursprünge der Tierethikdebatte im 20. Jahrhundert
Authors: Michel Margot 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDie tierverachtenden Zustände in der industrialisierten Landwirtschaft rückten im 20. Jahrhundert durch die Publikationen der Britin Ruth Harrison (1920–2000) in den Fokus der Öffentlichkeit. Sie publizierte im Jahr 1964 das Buch Animal Machines – The New Factory Farming Industry, das auch als Serie in einigen britischen Tageszeitungen erschien. Das Buch war mit einzelnen Fotografien versehen und informierte die breite Öffentlichkeit erstmals über die Zustände und Praktiken in der industrialisierten sog. Milch- und Fleischwirtschaft sowie in der Geflügelzucht.
Gibt es notwendige Eigenschaften von Rechtssubjekten?
Authors: Michel Margot 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungRechtssubjekte sind definitionsgemäss rechtsfähig, das heisst, sie haben Rechte, welche ihnen als Individuen zustehen (sog. subjektive oder individuelle Rechte). Die Fähigkeit, Rechte zu haben, trennt Rechtssubjekte von Rechtsobjekten. Sie wird von Eugen Bucher als die «Fähigkeit, im Rechte Existenz zu haben», umschrieben. Eugen Bucher und Regina Aebi-Müller verstehen die Rechtsfähigkeit denn auch formal als Voraussetzung oder Vorbedingung für die Rechtsträgerschaft.
Wer hat Interessen?
Authors: Michel Margot 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungGeht man davon aus, dass ein interessentheoretischer Ansatz in der Lage sein sollte, den Kreis der Rechtsträger ohne Rekurs auf vortheoretische Kriterien zu bestimmen, ist der verwendete Interessenbegriff von fundamentaler Bedeutung. Er entscheidet letztlich darüber, wer überhaupt als potentieller Rechtsträger infrage kommt und wer nicht. Dies wurde bereits daran deutlich, dass verschiedene Interessentheoretiker wie Nelson, Feinberg oder Merkel unterschiedliche Entitäten als Rechtsträger anerkennen. Insofern haben interessenbasierte Ansätze nicht durchwegs eine «limitierende Stossrichtung» wie Kurt Seelmann befürchtet.
Schluss
Authors: Michel Margot 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungMenschen und Tiere teilen die körperliche Verfasstheit ihres Lebens. Damit geht eine besondere Verletzlichkeit einher. Menschen und mindestens diejenigen Tiere, die nach unserem Wissen empfindungsfähig sind, erleben Gutes und Schlechtes, das ihnen widerfährt als ihr eigenes.
Die Konsequenz aus der anthropologischen Differenz: Was folgt aus dem Fehlen der Vernunft bei Tieren?
Authors: Michel Margot 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungEthik beschäftigt sich mit Handlungen. Zum Begriff der Handlung gehört in einem ethischen Kontext Wahlfreiheit: Eine Handlung setzt demnach voraus, dass der oder die Handelnde auch die Option hat, sie zu unterlassen oder eine alternative Handlung zu wählen. Handlungen bedingen folglich Handlungsfähigkeit. Nach derzeitigem Wissensstand sind nur Menschen in der Lage, ihre Handlungen bewusst zu reflektieren und nach übergeordneten normativen Kriterien auszurichten. Nur Menschen sind vernunftfähig und können autonom, d. h. frei, handeln. Diese Fähigkeit ist die Bedingung jeder ethischen Verpflichtung.
Unterschiede zwischen frühen Tierrechtstheorien und Tierschutzansatz
Authors: Michel Margot 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDie ideengeschichtliche Beschäftigung mit der Diskussion um die anthropologische Differenz, mit der Geschichte des Tiers im Recht und vor allem mit den frühen Tierschutz- und Tierrechtsansätzen hat einige Erkenntnisse zutage gefördert, die für den weiteren Verlauf der Untersuchung wichtig sein werden: Erstens ist deutlich geworden, dass die Frage der rechtlichen Exklusion oder Inklusion der Tiere und die hierfür gewählte Rechtskonzeption massgeblich davon abhängt, welcher philosophisch-naturwissenschaftliche Bezugsrahmen das Verhältnis zwischen Menschen und Tieren dominiert.
Decomposition squared
Authors: Sharpe E. , Zhang H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we test and extend a proposal of Gu, Pei, and Zhang for an application of decomposition to three-dimensional theories with one-form symmetries and to quantum K theory. The theories themselves do not decompose, but, OPEs of parallel one-dimensional objects (such as Wilson lines) and dimensional reductions to two dimensions do decompose, sometimes in two independent ways. We apply this to extend conjectures for quantum K theory rings of gerbes (realized by three-dimensional gauge theories with one-form symmetries) via both orbifold partition functions and gauged linear sigma models.
Dispersion relation from Lorentzian inversion in 1d CFT
Authors: Bonomi Davide , Forini Valentina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Starting from the Lorentzian inversion formula, we derive a dispersion relation which computes a four-point function in 1d CFTs as an integral over its double discontinuity. The crossing symmetric kernel of the integral is given explicitly for the case of identical operators with integer or half-integer scaling dimension. This derivation complements the one that uses analytic functionals. We use the dispersion relation to evaluate holographic correlators defined on the half-BPS Wilson line of planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills, reproducing results up to fourth order in an expansion at large t’Hooft coupling.
Seasonal variations of vitamins A, E and carotenoids in eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) from a Danish fjord, in relation to reproductive cycle
Authors: Tairova Zhanna M. , Strand Jakob 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRetinoids (vitamin A) and tocopherols (vitamin E) are essential for key biological functions in vertebrates, including cell growth, cell death and differentiation, embryonic development, reproduction and vision. In fish, however, much less is known about the retinoid functions, although retinoic acid has been shown to be involved in embryonic development. In this study, we quantified the levels of different retinoids, carotenoids and vitamin E in various tissues of both adult and embryos of the viviparous fish eelpout (Zoarces viviparus). Our results demonstrate clear seasonal differences in the levels of these vitamins in the liver of the female fish as well as in its ovarian tissues, eggs and/or embryos. Overall, this study is a baseline assessment and describes the annual variations in the vitamin status by comparing the tissue distribution of retinoids, carotenoids and vitamin E. This baseline study investigates the natural background levels of these compounds and relates their seasonal fluctuations to the reproductive cycle in the viviparous eelpout. The results of this study strengthen the current evidence base necessary to understand retinoid pathways during fish development. This understanding is crucial for utilizing retinoid composition in fish as a biological response to exposure to environmental pollution with hazardous substances in the marine environment.
Linking sustainability reporting and energy use through global reporting initiative standards and sustainable development goals
Authors: Molnár Péter , Suta Alex , Lukács Bence , Tóth Árpád 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the critical need for an integrated approach to sustainability reporting by examining the transition from internal combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles within the automotive industry. By focusing on the top 8 highest-revenue global automakers in 2022, the study utilizes the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals to assess contributions to SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy) and other pertinent indicators. A comprehensive content analysis and logistic regression analysis are employed to explore the correlation between energy use and compliance with GRI standards from 2018 to 2022. The findings reveal significant trends in sustainability reporting, with a noted decrease in quality in the final year analyzed. Specifically, GRI 302-3 (energy intensity) shows a significant negative relationship with energy consumption, indicating higher energy usage correlates with lower compliance. The study reinforces the necessity for more transparent and effective sustainability reporting frameworks to enhance corporate practices and drive progress toward sustainability goals.
Graphical abstract
Seasonal Variation in Birth Rates: Physiology versus Family Planning
Authors: Tomkins Joseph L. , Black Robert , Hazel Wade N. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Seasonal variation in birth rates is a ubiquitous property of human populations. Although the general birth rate is dependent on relatively few parameters—sexual behavior, zygote survival, and the number of ova released—the quantitative influence of the effects of each is difficult to estimate. Research has been directed more towards seasonal variation in physiology and less towards behavioral effects such as preferences for birthing in particular seasons. This may be because alongside seasonal variation in birth rate there is also seasonal variation in the multiple birth rate, which necessarily depends on the same physiological factors as the birth rate, suggestive of a link. Here we use a simulation that follows females through their reproductive lives, replicating the incidence of singleton and twin births that arise from single and double ovulations. We use the simulation to quantify the impact of seasonal variation in the physiological variables that affect birth rate. We can generate the seasonal variation in twinning rates observed in European populations, but this does not generate the magnitude of the observed seasonal variation in birth rate. Our simulation shows that, despite correlations between twinning rate and general birth rate, seasonal changes in sexual behavior are necessary to explain the magnitude of the seasonal variation in the general birth rate in humans.
Are Fairness Perceptions Related to Moral Licensing Behavior? Evidence From Tax Compliance
Authors: Bobek Donna , Hageman Amy , Hausserman Cass 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates how the presence, and subsequent repeal, of a tax incentive for a prosocial behavior influences fairness perceptions and tax compliance for those who are and are not eligible for the incentive. Results of a multi-round experiment with 309 U.S. taxpayers show that individuals who engage in the prosocial behavior of making a charitable donation do not exhibit moral licensing behavior. Instead, those who give, versus do not give, engage in higher levels of tax compliance. In fact, we even observe consistency for those with the most motivation to morally license—those who donate to charity but also perceive the tax system as unfair. In addition, tax system fairness perceptions only influence the compliance decisions of individuals who do not engage in the prosocial incentivized behavior. Finally, we also show that a tax incentive for charitable giving is effective. Those who are eligible for a charitable-giving related tax incentive are more likely to give to charity than individuals who are ineligible for such an incentive; additionally, these incentivized activities decrease by one-third when the incentive is repealed. The study results add to the literature on moral licensing, charitable giving, and tax fairness and have several policy implications. We confirm that tax incentives are, on the margin, effective at encouraging prosocial behavior and that perceiving the tax system as unfair can reduce the tax compliance for some individuals. In particular, our results suggest that focusing scarce audit resources on non-donators may be an efficient way to detect non-compliance.