bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Effect Modifiers of the Association Between Physical Activity Patterns and Joint Symptoms in Middle‐Aged Women
Authors: Peeters Geeske , Edwards Kimberley L. , Brown Wendy J. , Barker Anna L. , Arden Nigel , Redmond Anthony C. , Conaghan Philip G. , Cicuttini Flavia , Mishra Gita D. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo examine whether body mass index (BMI), menopausal status, and hormone therapy (HT) use modify the association between physical activity (PA) patterns throughout middle age and the incidence and prevalence of joint symptoms in women in later middle age.MethodsData were from 6,661 participants (born 1946–1951) in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Surveys, with questions on joint pain and stiffness, PA, height and weight, menopausal symptoms, and HT use, were completed every 3 years from 1998 to 2010. PA patterns were defined as none or low, low or meeting guidelines, fluctuating, or meeting guidelines at all times (reference pattern). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between PA patterns and prevalent (in 2010) and cumulative incident (1998–2010) joint symptoms and effect modification by patterns in BMI, menopausal status, and HT.ResultsThe groups representing fluctuating PA (odds ratio [OR] 1.34 [99% confidence interval (99% CI) 1.04–1.72]) and no or low PA (OR 1.60 [99% CI 1.08–2.35]) had higher odds of incident joint symptoms than those described as meeting guidelines at all times. Stratification by BMI showed that this association was statistically significant in the obese group only. No evidence for effect modification by menopausal status or HT use was found. The findings were similar for prevalent joint symptoms.ConclusionMaintaining at least low levels of PA throughout middle age was associated with a lower prevalence and incidence of joint symptoms later in life. This apparent protective effect of PA on joint symptoms was stronger in obese women than in under‐ or normal‐weight women, and not related to menopause or HT status.
Emerging Roles of Electrospun Nanofibers in Cancer Research
Authors: Chen Shixuan , Boda Sunil Kumar , Batra Surinder K. , Li Xiaoran , Xie Jingwei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article reviews the recent progress of electrospun nanofibers in cancer research. It begins with a brief introduction to the emerging potential of electrospun nanofibers in cancer research. Next, a number of recent advances on the important features of electrospun nanofibers critical for cancer research are discussed including the incorporation of drugs, control of release kinetics, orientation and alignment of nanofibers, and the fabrication of 3D nanofiber scaffolds. This article further highlights the applications of electrospun nanofibers in several areas of cancer research including local chemotherapy, combinatorial therapy, cancer detection, cancer cell capture, regulation of cancer cell behavior, construction of in vitro 3D cancer model, and engineering of bone microenvironment for cancer metastasis. This progress report concludes with remarks on the challenges and future directions for design, fabrication, and application of electrospun nanofibers in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
Highly Deformable and See‐Through Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes with All‐Conducting‐Polymer Electrodes
Authors: Kee Seyoung , Kim Nara , Park Byoungwook , Kim Bong Seong , Hong Soonil , Lee Jong‐Hoon , Jeong Soyeong , Kim Ahryun , Jang Soo‐Young , Lee Kwanghee 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDespite the high expectation of deformable and see‐through displays for future ubiquitous society, current light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) fail to meet the desired mechanical and optical properties, mainly because of the fragile transparent conducting oxides and opaque metal electrodes. Here, by introducing a highly conductive nanofibrillated conducting polymer (CP) as both deformable transparent anode and cathode, ultraflexible and see‐through polymer LEDs (PLEDs) are demonstrated. The CP‐based PLEDs exhibit outstanding dual‐side light‐outcoupling performance with a high optical transmittance of 75% at a wavelength of 550 nm and with an excellent mechanical durability of 9% bending strain. Moreover, the CP‐based PLEDs fabricated on 4 µm thick plastic foils with all‐solution processing have extremely deformable and foldable light‐emitting functionality. This approach is expected to open a new avenue for developing wearable and attachable transparent displays.
Improved Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Induced by CO Functionalized Hydrophobic Ammonium‐Based Additives
Authors: Wu Zhifang , Raga Sonia R. , Juarez‐Perez Emilio J. , Yao Xuyang , Jiang Yan , Ono Luis K. , Ning Zhijun , Tian He , Qi Yabing 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBecause of the rapid rise of the efficiency, perovskite solar cells are currently considered as the most promising next‐generation photovoltaic technology. Much effort has been made to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. Here, it is demonstrated that the addition of a novel organic cation of 2‐(6‐bromo‐1,3‐dioxo‐1H‐benzo[de]isoquinolin‐2(3H)‐yl)ethan‐1‐ammonium iodide (2‐NAM), which has strong Lewis acid and base interaction (between CO and Pb) with perovskite, can effectively increase crystalline grain size and reduce charge carrier recombination of the double cation FA0.83MA0.17PbI2.51Br0.49 perovskite film, thus boosting the efficiency from 17.1 ± 0.8% to 18.6 ± 0.9% for the 0.1 cm2 cell and from 15.5 ± 0.5% to 16.5 ± 0.6% for the 1.0 cm2 cell. The champion cell shows efficiencies of 20.0% and 17.6% with active areas of 0.1 and 1.0 cm2, respectively. Moreover, the hysteresis behavior is suppressed and the stability is improved. The result provides a promising route to further elevate efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells by the fine tuning of triple organic cations.
Origin of Fracture‐Resistance to Large Volume Change in Cu‐Substituted Co3O4 Electrodes
Authors: Liu Heguang , Li Qianqian , Yao Zhenpeng , Li Lei , Li Yuan , Wolverton Chris , Hersam Mark C. , Wu Jinsong , Dravid Vinayak P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe electrode materials conducive to conversion reactions undergo large volume change in cycles which restrict their further development. It has been demonstrated that incorporation of a third element into metal oxides can improve the cycling stability while the mechanism remains unknown. Here, an in situ and ex situ electron microscopy investigation of structural evolutions of Cu‐substituted Co3O4 supplemented by first‐principles calculations is reported to reveal the mechanism. An interconnected framework of ultrathin metallic copper formed provides a high conductivity backbone and cohesive support to accommodate the volume change and has a cube‐on‐cube orientation relationship with Li2O. In charge, a portion of Cu metal is oxidized to CuO, which maintains a cube‐on‐cube orientation relationship with Cu. The Co metal and oxides remain as nanoclusters (less than 5 nm) thus active in subsequent cycles. This adaptive architecture accommodates the formation of Li2O in the discharge cycle and underpins the catalytic activity of Li2O decomposition in the charge cycle.
Facile Synthesis of Ag‐Decorated Ni3S2 Nanosheets with 3D Bush Structure Grown on rGO and Its Application as Positive Electrode Material in Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Qi Jiqiu , Chang Yuan , Sui Yanwei , He Yezeng , Meng Qingkun , Wei Fuxiang , Ren Yaojian , Jin Yunxue 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA facile and cost‐effective route is developed for synthesizing 3D bush structure of Ag nanoparticles‐decorated Ni3S2 grown on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the first time. In this composite, Ni3S2 exhibits nanosheet networks with porous feature. The electrochemical measurements display that the as‐prepared rGO/Ag/Ni3S2 composite possesses a superior areal capacitance of 5920 mF cm−2 at current density of 5 mA cm−2. 77.5% of the initial areal capacitance is retained as current density increased from 5 to 20 mA cm−2. Encouragingly, this electrode exhibits excellent cycle performance with 94% capacitance retention after 3000 cycles at a current density of 30 mA cm−2, whereas for rGO/Ni3S2 composite electrode, only 84.7% of the initial value is maintained. The enhanced conductivity and unique structure of rGO/Ag/Ni3S2 composite attribute to its superior electrochemical performance. In addition, an aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor is fabricated using rGO/Ag/Ni3S2 composite as positive electrode and the nitrogen‐doped graphene as negative electrode. The assembled device delivers high energy density of 28.7 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 425 W kg−1. This work may prompt the development and application of active materials decorated with highly conductive nanoparticles in supercapacitors.
Reduced 3d Transition Metal Oxides Work as Solid‐State Sources of Solvated Electrons and Directly Inject Electrons into Water for H2 Production under Mild Thermal or IR Excitation
Authors: Zhang Guan , Zou Jing , Xu Xiaoxiang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractStabilizing excess electrons in a solid provides great opportunities for the design of new materials with precisely tuned electronic and magnetic properties. Herein, it is demonstrated heavily reduced 3d transition metal oxides (HRTMOs) particles can be used as a kind of novel solid‐state sources of solvated electrons, which are capable of injecting electrons directly into water upon mild thermal or near infrared light (IR) excitation. The structural characteristics and electronic properties of the reduced metal oxides related with the stabilization of excess electrons are investigated in detail. As a proof‐of‐concept example, H2 generation from water triggered by thermal excitation is tested for evaluating the potential applications of solvated electrons and the characteristics of electrons trapping and release in 3d HRTMOs. The trapping and release of electrons, corresponding to defects formation upon reduction and defects removal upon oxidation, respectively, are facile and repeatable without reducing the storage capacity during multicycle tests. The special characteristics of thermal/IR‐driven electron injection from the metal oxides solids into solution have great application potentials in areas of energy conversion, organic synthesis, and medical treatment, etc.
Resistor Network Modeling of Conductive Domain Walls in Lithium Niobate
Authors: Wolba Benjamin , Seidel Jan , Cazorla Claudio , Godau Christian , Haußmann Alexander , Eng Lukas M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHere the concept of a 2D resistor network (2D RN) is applied in order to model the electrical conductivity along sheet‐like domain walls (DWs) in single crystalline lithium niobate (sc‐LNO). The only input to the RN modeling approach is the DW inclination angle distribution, as measured previously with respect to the polar c‐axis. The simulations then show that a 2D network of Ohmic resistors not only adequately accounts for the different boundary conditions envisaged in experiments, but equally well provides a direct link between the local domain wall conductivity (DWC) and the DW inclination angle α. Moreover, the RN simulations can be directly compared to local‐scale transport measurements, as obtained by scanning probe techniques. The conceptual simplicity and the low computational effort make the present RN modeling approach a useful tool for both the advanced interpretation and evaluation of potential DWC ferroelectrics.
A Brønsted‐Acidic Ionic Liquid Gel as an Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes under Solvent‐Free Sonication
Authors: Tran Phuong Hoang , Nguyen Xuan‐Trang Thi , Chau Duy‐Khiem Nguyen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA Brønsted‐acidic ionic liquid gel was prepared from 1‐(4‐sulfonic acid)butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate and tetraethoxysilane. Its structural characterization was accomplished by FTIR, TGA, SEM, EDS, and ICP‐OES. The ionic liquid gel promotes the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes. Interestingly, this catalyst allows the preparation of bis(indolyl)methanes in good to excellent yields within a short reaction time, through a clean and straightforward procedure. Moreover, the ionic liquid gel can be recovered by filtration and can be reused up to 5 times without any detectable loss of catalytic performance. Additionally, the method has a wide substrate scope and provides an accessible route for the large‐scale direct synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes.
Iron‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Reductive Coupling of Unactivated Aldehydes and Arylalkenes with Isopropanol
Authors: Zheng Yan‐Long , Liu Yan‐Yao , Xu Xue‐Tao , Zhang Kun , Ye Mengchun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFeCl3‐catalyzed intramolecular reductive coupling of unactivated aldehydes and arylalkenes with isopropanol as a terminal reductant under mild and easy‐to‐handle conditions has been developed. A series of five‐, six‐, seven‐ and eight‐membered carbocyclic alcohols were synthesized in moderate to excellent yields with high regioselectivities.
Comparison of endoscopic and open resection of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma: a propensity score–matched analysis of 652 patients
Authors: Kılıç Suat , Kılıç Sarah S. , Baredes Soly , Chan Woo Park Richard , Mahmoud Omar , Suh Jeffrey D. , Gray Stacey T. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundThe use of endoscopic resection as an alternative to open surgery for sinonasal malignancies has increased in the past 20 years.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for cases of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) without cervical or distant metastases that were treated surgically between 2010 and 2014. They were split into 2 groups based on surgical approach: open or endoscopic. Demographics, facility and insurance type, stage, tumor characteristics, postoperative treatment, 30‐day readmission rate, 30‐ and 90‐day mortality, and overall survival (OS) were compared between the 2 groups. Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to mimic a randomized, controlled trial.ResultsA total of 1,483 patients were identified: 353 (23.8%) received endoscopic and 1130 (76.2%) received open surgery. Age, gender, race, geographic region, tumor size, surgical margins, postoperative chemoradiation, and 30‐day readmissions did not vary significantly between the 2 groups. Open surgery was more common in academic centers (62.8% vs 54.2%; p = 0.004), less common for tumors of the ethmoid and sphenoid sinus (p < 0.0001), less common for stage IVB tumors, and associated with longer hospital stay (mean, 4.67 days vs 2.50 days; p < 0.0001). Five‐year OS (5Y‐OS) was not significantly different between the 2 approaches (p = 0.953; open: 5Y‐OS, 56.5%; 95% confidence interval, 51.3% to 61.6%; endoscopic: 5Y‐OS, 46.0%; 95% confidence interval, 33.2% to 58.8%). In the PSM cohort of 652 patients, there was also no significant difference in OS (p = 0.850).ConclusionEndoscopic surgery is an effective alternative to open surgery, even after accounting for confounding factors that may favor its use over the open approach. It is also associated with a shorter hospital stay.
Protection Group Effects During α,γ‐Diol Lignin Stabilization Promote High‐Selectivity Monomer Production
Authors: Lan Wu , Amiri Masoud Talebi , Hunston Christopher M. , Luterbacher Jeremy S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractProtection groups were introduced during biomass pretreatment to stabilize lignin's α,γ‐diol group during its extraction and prevent its condensation. Acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde stabilized the α,γ‐diol without any aromatic ring alkylation, which significantly increased final product selectivity. The subsequent hydrogenolysis catalyzed by Pd/C generated lignin monomers at near‐theoretical yields based on Klason lignin (48 % from birch, 20 % from spruce, 70 % from high‐syringyl transgenic poplar), and with high selectivity to a single 4‐n‐propanolsyringol product (80 %) in the case of the poplar. Unlike direct hydrogenation of native wood, hydrogenolysis of protected lignin with Ni/C also led to high selectivity to this single product (78 %), paving the way to high‐selectivity lignin upgrading with base metal catalysts. The use of extracted lignin facilitated valorization of polysaccharides, leading to high yields of all three major biomass polymers to a single major product.
Fabrication of Defined Polydopamine Nanostructures by DNA Origami‐Templated Polymerization
Authors: Tokura Yu , Harvey Sean , Chen Chaojian , Wu Yuzhou , Ng David Y. W. , Weil Tanja 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA versatile, bottom‐up approach allows the controlled fabrication of polydopamine (PD) nanostructures on DNA origami. PD is a biosynthetic polymer that has been investigated as an adhesive and promising surface coating material. However, the control of dopamine polymerization is challenged by the multistage‐mediated reaction mechanism and diverse chemical structures in PD. DNA origami decorated with multiple horseradish peroxidase‐mimicking DNAzyme motifs was used to control the shape and size of PD formation with nanometer resolution. These fabricated PD nanostructures can serve as “supramolecular glue” for controlling DNA origami conformations. Facile liberation of the PD nanostructures from the DNA origami templates has been achieved in acidic medium. This presented DNA origami‐controlled polymerization of a highly crosslinked polymer provides a unique access towards anisotropic PD architectures with distinct shapes that were retained even in the absence of the DNA origami template.
The enhancement performances of cotton stalk fiber/PVC composites by sequential two steps modification
Authors: Li Ya‐Yu , Wang Bin , Wang Bo , Ma Ming‐Guo 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIn the present study, the cotton stalk fiber (CSF) was modified by sequential two steps of alkali and copper ethanolamine (CE) solution treatment. The unmodified and modified CSF/poly(vinyl chloride) (CSF/PVC) composites were prepared. The mechanical and physical performances of the various CSF/PVC composites were studied comparatively. By the modification of CE solution, all the tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength, water resistance, and heat distortion temperature of samples were enhanced continuously. The sample with comprehensive properties was obtained using 2% concentration of CE. The composites were also prepared with different CSF content. By increasing the CSF loading, all the tensile strength, elongation at breakage, tensile modulus, and heat distortion temperature of samples were enhanced. The existence of copper on the surface of CSF improved the thermal stability of the CSF/PVC composites. Water retention value, oil retention value, and scanning electron microscope were applied to reveal the components and microscopic change of the composites. The possible reaction mechanism of modification was proposed based on the experimental results and according to the previous literature. This method reported here may provide a new way for the fabrication of CSF/PVC composite in engineering applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46090.
Genetic diversity and population history ofTanichthys albonubes(Teleostei: Cyprinidae): Implications for conservation
Authors: Zhao Jun , Hsu Kui‐Ching , Luo Jin‐Zhen , Wang Chun‐Hui , Chan Bosco‐Puilok , Li Jie , Kuo Po‐Hsun , Lin Hung‐Du 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTanichthys albonubesis a cyprinid fish of South China and North Vietnam. Although this species has been sold worldwide in the aquarium trade for more than a century, it is listed as a second‐class state‐protected animal in China and classified as ‘extinct in nature’ in the China Red Data Book.To investigate the population history ofT. albonubesand evaluate the genetic conditions among the wild and hatchery populations, mitochondrial genes (mtDNA, 2032 bp from the d‐loop and cytb), nuclear genes (nuDNA, 2241 bp from RAG1 and ENC1) and 13 microsatellite loci were used to assess the genetic structure throughout the range of this species.In total, 358 specimens were collected from three hatcheries and all known wild populations. This study found that the discordant population structure among these genetic markers was accounted for by differences in the effective population sizes. The results indicated that (1) the three hatchery stocks originated from a single source in China and that the hatchery stock in China maintained almost all theT. albonubesgenetic diversity in the downstream reaches of the Pearl River; (2) the wild population near Baiyun Mountain originated from hatchery releases; (3) the population history reflects the complex geological history of South China; and (4) the habitat destruction and fragmentation that have resulted in small and isolated populations may have shaped the genetic structure ofT. albonubes.The low‐level genetic diversity ofT. albonubessupports the need for conservation interventions. The geographically distinct genotypes indicate a need for the development of management strategies directed towards the conservation of localized populations. The genetic status of all populations, including the hatchery stocks, should be evaluated and monitored continuously.
Vulnerability of Cape Fold Ecoregion freshwater fishes to climate change and other human impacts
Authors: Shelton Jeremy M. , Weyl Olaf L.F. , Chakona Albert , Ellender Bruce R. , Esler Karen J. , Impson N. Dean , Jordaan Martine S. , Marr Sean M. , Ngobela Tumisho , Paxton Bruce R. , Van Der Walt Johannes A. , Dallas Helen F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Native freshwater fish populations throughout South Africa's Cape Fold Ecoregion (CFE) are in decline as a result of human impacts on aquatic habitats, including the introduction of non‐native freshwater fishes. Climate change may be further accelerating declines of many species, although this has not yet been studied in the CFE. This situation presents a major conservation challenge that requires assigning management priorities through assessing species in terms of their vulnerability to climate change.
One factor hindering reliable vulnerability assessments and the concurrent development of effective conservation strategies is limited knowledge of the biology and population status of many species. This paper reports on a study employing a rapid assessment method used in the USA, designed to capitalize on available expert knowledge to supplement existing empirical data, to determine the relative vulnerabilities of different species to climate change and other human impacts. Eight local freshwater fish experts conducted vulnerability assessments on 20 native and 17 non‐native freshwater fish species present in the CFE.
Results show (1) that native species were generally classified as being more vulnerable to extinction than were non‐native species, (2) that the climate change impacts are expected to increase the vulnerability of most native, and some non‐native, species, (3) that vulnerability hotspots requiring urgent conservation attention occur in the Olifants‐Doring, upper Berg and upper Breede River catchments in the south west of the region, (4) that in addition to providing guidance for prioritizing management interventions, this study highlights the need for reliable data on the biology and distribution of many CFE freshwater fishes, and (5) that identification of priority areas for protection should be based on multiple sources of data.