bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gamma-Ray Destruction of EDTA Catalyzed by Titania
Authors: Su Y. , Wang Y. , Daschbach J. L. , Fryberger Τ. B. , Henderson M. A. , Janata J. , Peden C. H. F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we describe a novel approach for destroying organic compounds in aqueous solution based on the principles of semiconductor photocatalysis and radiolysis. Specifically, this new method, radiocatalysis, has been used for the degradation of organic molecules such as ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA). Our experiments were performed by irradiating organic solutions containing catalytic colloidal TiQ with γ-rays from a
Field Evaluation of High Voltage Electron Beam Technology for Treating VOC-Contaminated Groundwater. Part II: Acute Toxicity Changes and By-Product Formation
Authors: Topudurti Kirankumar , Keefe Michael , Petropoulou Chriso , Schlichting Tim , Alvarez Franklin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAs part of the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation program, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency evaluated the High Voltage jEnvironmental Applications, Inc. (HVEA), electron beam (E-beam) technology at the U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River Site (SRS) in Aiken, South Carolina. This technology irradiates water with a beam of high-energy electrons, causing the formation of three primary transient reactive species: aqueous electrons, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen radicals. Target organic compounds are either mineralized or broken down into low molecular weight organic compounds, primarily by these species. The E-beam system used for the evaluation is housed in an 8- by 48-foot trailer and is rated for a maximum flow rate of 50 gpm. During two different periods totaling 3 weeks in September and November 1994, about 70,000 gallons of SRS M-area groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was treated with the E-beam system. E-beam treatment increased groundwater acute toxicity for fathead minnows but not for water fleas. Although several VOCs were removed, lack of decrease in toxicity appears to be due to formation of toxic by-products, including haloacetic acids and aldehydes, during E-beam treatment of groundwater. An increase in inorganic carbon and chloride concentrations was observed, in the treated groundwater indicating that some VOCs were mineralized during E-beam treatment. Formation of CO
Solar Photochemical Detoxification and Disinfection for Water Treatment in Tropical Developing Countries
Authors: Cooper Adrienne T. , Goswami D. Yogi , Block Seymour 
Published: January 2017

AbstractClean and sterile water is scarce in developing tropical countries and the goal of universal access to water and sanitation has not yet been achieved. Standard water treatment techniques are often too expensive both in capital investment and operation and maintenance for use in developing countries. Since most technology, historically, has been developed in the temperate zone, it may not be the most appropriate for the tropical climate. The solar photochemical process has proven effective against organic chemical pollutants, including agricultural pesticides, which pose a growing threat to water sources in the tropics. Research conducted at the University of Florida has shown this technology to be effective for bacterial decontamination, which is often the primary concern in water supplies of developing countries. The use of solar energy as the primary driver serves to make this technology economically viable. Screening experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of pH and concentration on the simultaneous disinfection and detoxification of water using TiO
Figures-of-Merit for Advanced Oxidation Technologies: A Comparison of Homogeneous UV/H2O2, Heterogeneous UV/TiO2 and Electron Beam Processes
Authors: Bolton James R. , Valladares Julio E. , Zanin John P. , Cooper William J. , Nickelsen Michael G. , Kajdi David C. , Waite  , Kurucz Charles N. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThree Advanced Oxidation Technologies (UV/H
Gas-Phase Destruction of VOCs Using TiO2/UV and TiO2/O3/UV
Authors: Alberici Rosana M. , Jardim Wilson F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGas-phase photocatalytic oxidation of different classes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including alkanes, ketones, alcohols, chlorinated compounds and aromatic compounds, was investigated using an annular thin film reactor. For all organic compounds tested, catalytic deactivation was not observed, except for toluene (506 ppmv). For this compound, maximum destruction (87%) was maintained during the first 60 min of irradiation, dropping steadily due to catalyst deactivation to 20% after 150 min. The use of ozone as auxiliary agent in the photocatalytic oxidation of toluene and pyridine was also tested. For toluene, when O
A Simple Kinetic Model for the Simultaneous Concentration and Intensity Dependencies of TCE Photocatalyzed Destruction
Authors: Upadhya Santosh , Ollis David F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTrichloroethylene conversion in gas-solid photocatalysis ranks as one of the fastest reactions for air purification and treatment. The development of a complete kinetic model for this conversion is important in that it represents, under some conditions, a likely upper limit to conversion photoefficiency. Both reactant concentration and light intensity are known to influence reaction rate, but only two literature reports have explored a sufficiently wide range of concentrations to find that the intensity dependence is coupled to, and not independent of, the reactant concentration. We develop here a simple model which rationalizes this experimental behavior based upon the familiar competition between species for photo-produced holes (h
Effect of Fluorescent Illumination on Bacteria Supported on Glass Slides
Authors: Tompkins, Dean T. , Kurzynski Terry A. , Chappell Richard J. , Zeltner Walter A. , Anderson Marc A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe photocidal effect of exposing S. aureus BC12041 to UVA-rich fluorescent light is demonstrated. In UVA-exposure studies with appropriate controls, CFUs of S. aureus BC 12041 are reduced by approximately two logarithms in a high humidity environment 85% RH) and by one logarithm in moderate humidity (~ 50% RH) over a 30-min treatment period. In similar studies at the high humidity, no differential effect was observed between test and control studies with B. subtilis ATCC 6633. Thus, it appears that UVA-rich fluorescent lighting may be a useful side effect obtained when employing an UVA-activated photocatalyst for the degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air.
Analysis of Changes in Parathyroid Hormone and 25 (OH) Vitamin D Levels with Respect to Age, Gender and Season: A Data Mining Study
Authors: Serdar Muhittin A. , Can Başar Batu , Kilercik Meltem , Durer Zeynep A. , Aksungar Fehime Benli , Serteser Mustafa , Coskun Abdurrahman , Ozpinar Aysel , Unsal Ibrahim 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackground:25 (OH) vitamin D3 (25(OH)D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are important regulators of calcium homeostasis. The aim of this study was to retrospectively determine the cut–off for sufficient 25(OH)D in a four-season region and the influence of age, seasons, and gender on serum 25(OH)D and PTH levels.Methods:Laboratory results of 9890 female and 2723 male individuals aged 38.8±22.1 years who had simultaneous measurements of 25(OH)D and PTH were retrospectively analyzed by statistical softwares. Serum 25(OH)D and PTH levels were measured by a mass spectrometry method and by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, respectively.Results:Mean serum 25(OH)D levels showed a sinusoidal fluctuation throughout the year and were significantly (p<0.01) higher in summer and autumn. On the other hand, PTH levels were significantly higher (p<0.01) in women and showed an opposite response to seasonal effects relative to 25(OH)D. Lowest levels of 25(OH)D were detected in people aged between 20 and 40 years whereas PTH hormone levels were gradually increasing in response to aging. The significant exponential inverse relationship that was found between PTH and 25(OH)D (PTH=exp(4.12–0.064*sqrt(25(OH)D)) (r=−0.325, R–squared=0.105, p<0.001)) suggested that the cut–off for sufficient 25(OH)D should be 75 nmol/L.Conclusions:Our retrospective study based on large data set supports the suitability of the currently accepted clinical cut–off of 75 nmol/L for sufficient 25(OH)D. However, the issue of assessing Vitamin D deficiency remains difficult due to seasonal variations in serum 25(OH)D. Therefore, PTH measurements should complement 25(OH)D results for diagnosing Vitamin D deficiency. It is imperative that seasonally different criteria should be considered in future.
Centaurs, Pegasus, Sherlock Holmes: Against the Prejudice in Favour of the Real
Authors: Travanini Cristina 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Meinong’s thought has been rediscovered in recent times by analytic philosophy: his object theory has significant consequences in formal ontology, and especially his account of impossible objects has proved itself to be decisive in a wide range of fields, from logic up to ontology of fiction. Rejecting the traditional ‘prejudice in favour of the real’, Meinong investigates what there is not: a peculiar non-existing object is precisely the fictional object, which exemplifies a number of properties (like Sherlock Holmes, who lives in Baker Street and is an outstanding detective) without existing in the same way as flesh-and-blood detectives do. Fictional objects are in some sense incomplete objects, whose core of constituent properties is not completely determined. Now, what does it imply to hold that a fictional object may also occur in true statements? We shall deal with the objections raised by Russell and Quine against Meinong’s view, pointing out limits and advantages of both perspectives.
Performance Evaluation of Photovoltaic Solar Air Conditioning
Authors: Snegirjovs A. , Shipkovs P. , Lebedeva K. , Kashkarova G. , Migla L. , Gantenbein P. , Omlin L. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Information on the electrical-driven solar air conditioning (SAC) is rather scanty. A considerable body of technical data mostly concerns large-scale photo-voltaic solar air conditioning (PV-SAC) systems. Reliable information about the energy output has arisen only in recent years; however, it is still not easily accessible, and sometimes its sources are closed. Despite these facts, solar energy researchers, observers and designers devote special attention to this type of SAC systems. In this study, performance evaluation is performed for the PV-SAC technology, in which low-power (up to 15 kWp of cooling power on average) systems are used. Such a system contains a PV electric-driven compression chiller with cold and heat sensible thermal storage capacities, and a rejected energy unit used for preheating domestic hot water (DHW). In a non-cooling season, it is possible to partly employ the system in the reverse mode for DHW production. In this mode, the ambient air serves as a heat source. Besides, free cooling is integrated in the PV-SAC concept.
Nest site selection of the Great Bustard (Otis t. tarda) in Körös-Maros National Park, Eastern Hungary
Authors: Janó Gizella , Végvári Zsolt 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In the present study we aimed to identify factors influencing the spatial distribution of Great Bustard (Otis t. tarda) nests found between 1998 and 2015 in Dévaványa-Ecseg area in Körös-Maros National Park.
During the study period covering 17 years, we obtained information on 536 nests, which shows that Great Bustards used the following grassland crop types for breeding: wheat (43.07%), grassland (23.3%), fallow land (14.45%) and alfalfa (7.67%). These nests were found during the following activities: chemical weed control (33.63%), hay-cutting (25.37%), disking (8.55%) and harvesting (7.08%) and other 18 types of activities.
To identify the effects of disturbance and environmental factors on the spatial distribution of nests, such as distances to lek sites, roads, settlements and altitude, we formulated generalized linear models. As a result, we found that nest sites were significantly closer to lek sites and farther from human settlements than expected by random sampling.
Our results may contribute to the understanding of Great Bustard nest distributions, which can be helpful in nest detection prior to the initiation of disturbing agricultural activities, which is a key issue in the conservation of this bird. This study opens the way to analyse the effects of other environmental factors such as anthropogenic linear objects.
A high level of nest predation observed in a large Sand Martin (Riparia riparia) colony
Authors: Szép Tibor , Für Jenifer , Molnár Edit 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
During the 2016 field season, we investigated the influence of intense nest digging predation at a Sand Martin colony that is situated in natural habitat along the Tisza river. Over this season, foxes dug a large number of holes which either partly or fully destroyed 39% of burrows in a large colony, comprising over 1,500 pairs. This high level of predation caused death and/or injury to between 7% and 44% of breeding individuals and lowered the reproductive success of the colony as on average 20% (between 5% and 43%) less nestlings were fledged. The level of digging showed a negative exponential growth with burrow density. Our observations show that the burrows were most at threat between 0 m and 0.4 m from the top and between 0 m and 1.4 m from the bottom of the wall. These observations show that it is critically important to decrease the number of foxes and other potential nest predators, whose numbers have increased well above ‘natural’ levels over the last decade, in regions where Sand Martins are nesting as this species is in drastic decline.
New species in the Hungarian avifauna in 2015
Authors: Hadarics Tibor 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This paper is a report on the appearance of the Naumann’s Thrush (Turdus naumanni) in 2015 which can be considered as a new species of the Hungarian avifauna.
The bird was seen and photographed in Népliget, Budapest on the 31st of December. With this observation, the number of bird species detected in Hungary has risen to 412.
AV nodal reentrant tachycardia with a 2:1 right bundle branch block missed as bidirectional ventricular tachycardia in the first superficial evaluation
Authors: Akbarzadeh Mohammad Ali , Khaheshi Isa , Memaryan Mehdi , Mahjoob Mohammad Parsa , Naderian Mohammadreza 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A 95-year old woman was admitted to our emergency unit because of acute abdominal pain. After urgent surgery according to the acute abdomen, she was referred to intensive care unit (ICU) of the emergency unit as she was intubated. It was developed a run of new arrhythmia which was diagnosed by cardiology resident as bidirectional ventricular tachycardia due to beat to beat changing the axis of the QRS. However, a second and more precise evaluation of the abnormal ECG suggested a narrow supraventricular tachycardia, most probably AV nodal reentrant tachycardia with a 2:1 right bundle branch block.
Spatial Propagation of the Economic Impacts of Bombing: The Case of the 2006 War in Lebanon
Authors: Haddad Eduardo Amaral , Okuyama Yasuhide 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper assesses the economic effects of the July 2006 War in Lebanon. We estimate the economy-wide impacts on the Lebanese regions resulting from the reduction of physical capital stocks using the estimated damages associated with the bombing events. In doing that, we are able to derive the estimates of the short-run economic costs of the War related to the structural break in the availability of economic infrastructure in the country. A discussion on resiliency is also introduced showing how the lack of redundancy in the country’s infrastructure is associated with stronger higher-order negative effects. Moreover, we show how international trade can act as a shock absorber.
Study on the Spectrum of Photonic Crystal Cavity and Its Application in Measuring the Concentration of NaCl Solution
Authors: Zhang Yun , Xie Xun , Yang Ze-Kun , Hao Jiong-Ju , Xu Zhi-Gang , Yang Hong-Wei 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In this article, we propose an approach to measure solution concentrations by using photonic crystal cavities. Based on the experimental data, the refractive index of a NaCl solution is proportional to the concentration. Filling the proposed photonic crystal cavity with a NaCl solution, we calculate the spectral transmission using the transfer matrix method. We found that the cavity transmittance was proportional to the refractive index of the NaCl solution, and thus we obtained a linear relationship between cavity transmittance and the concentration of the NaCl solution. The formula was found by fitting the simulation results with experimental data. Such a formula can be applied to the measurement of an unknown concentration of NaCl solution utilizing a photonic crystal cavity.
The Impact of Selection at the Amino Acid Level on the Usage of Synonymous Codons
Authors: Błażej Paweł , Mackiewicz Dorota , Wnętrzak Małgorzata , Mackiewicz Paweł 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThere are two main forces that affect usage of synonymous codons: directional mutational pressure and selection. The effectiveness of protein translation is usually considered as the main selectional factor. However, biased codon usage can also be a byproduct of a general selection at the amino acid level interacting with nucleotide replacements. To evaluate the validity and strength of such an effect, we superimposed &gt;3.5 billion unrestricted mutational processes on the selection of nonsynonymous substitutions based on the differences in physicochemical properties of the coded amino acids. Using a modified evolutionary optimization algorithm, we determined the conditions in which the effect on the relative codon usage is maximized. We found that the effect is enhanced by mutational processes generating more adenine and thymine than guanine and cytosine, as well as more purines than pyrimidines. Interestingly, this effect is observed only under an unrestricted model of nucleotide substitution, and disappears when the mutational process is time-reversible. Comparison of the simulation results with data for real protein coding sequences indicates that the impact of selection at the amino acid level on synonymous codon usage cannot be neglected. Furthermore, it can considerably interfere, especially in AT-rich genomes, with other selections on codon usage, e.g., translational efficiency. It may also lead to difficulties in the recognition of other effects influencing codon bias, and an overestimation of protein coding sequences whose codon usage is subjected to adaptational selection.
De NovoGenome and Transcriptome Assembly of the Canadian Beaver (Castor canadensis)
Authors: Lok Si , Paton Tara A , Wang Zhuozhi , Kaur Gaganjot , Walker Susan , Yuen Ryan K C , Sung Wilson W L , Whitney Joseph , Buchanan Janet A , Trost Brett , Singh Naina , Apresto Beverly , Chen Nan , Coole Matthew , Dawson Travis J , Ho Karen , Hu Zhizhou , Pullenayegum Sanjeev , Samler Kozue , Shipstone Arun , Tsoi Fiona , Wang Ting , Pereira Sergio L , Rostami Pirooz , Ryan Carol Ann , Tong Amy Hin Yan , Ng Karen , Sundaravadanam Yogi , Simpson Jared T , Lim Burton K , Engstrom Mark D , Dutton Christopher J , Kerr Kevin C R , Franke Maria , Rapley William , Wintle Richard F , Scherer Stephen W 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Canadian beaver (Castor canadensis) is the largest indigenous rodent in North America. We report a draft annotated assembly of the beaver genome, the first for a large rodent and the first mammalian genome assembled directly from uncorrected and moderate coverage (&lt; 30 ×) long reads generated by single-molecule sequencing. The genome size is 2.7 Gb estimated by k-mer analysis. We assembled the beaver genome using the new Canu assembler optimized for noisy reads. The resulting assembly was refined using Pilon supported by short reads (80 ×) and checked for accuracy by congruency against an independent short read assembly. We scaffolded the assembly using the exon–gene models derived from 9805 full-length open reading frames (FL-ORFs) constructed from the beaver leukocyte and muscle transcriptomes. The final assembly comprised 22,515 contigs with an N50 of 278,680 bp and an N50-scaffold of 317,558 bp. Maximum contig and scaffold lengths were 3.3 and 4.2 Mb, respectively, with a combined scaffold length representing 92% of the estimated genome size. The completeness and accuracy of the scaffold assembly was demonstrated by the precise exon placement for 91.1% of the 9805 assembled FL-ORFs and 83.1% of the BUSCO (Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs) gene set used to assess the quality of genome assemblies. Well-represented were genes involved in dentition and enamel deposition, defining characteristics of rodents with which the beaver is well-endowed. The study provides insights for genome assembly and an important genomics resource for Castoridae and rodent evolutionary biology.
Landfill Hunter: Learning about Waste through Public Participation
Authors: Johnson Nicholas E. , Grey François 
Published: January 2017

Landfills are the most ubiquitous and expedient means of waste disposal, prevailing over any economic, logistic or political obstacles. Landfills, however, are far removed from most of society and their administration, operation and maintenance are often opaque. This research uses public participation to generate, verify and enhance existing data about the size and location of current landfills in the US while simultaneously providing users an innovative way to see and explore landfills. An online crowdsourcing tool, Landfill Hunter, was built to facilitate participation and populated with data from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Participants identified a total of 729 landfills. Using this data, we estimate the area of individual landfills and calculate the cumulative land area of landfills in the US, which is approximately twice the size of New York City. In this paper, we emphasize learning outcomes that participation in this crowdsourcing initiative can generate, both online and offline, as well as creative ways that participants can visualize the resulting data.
Design Guidelines for the User-Centred Collaborative Citizen Science Platforms
Authors: Yadav Poonam , Darlington John 
Published: January 2017

Online Citizen Science platforms are good examples of socio-technical systems where technology-enabled interactions occur between scientists and the general public (volunteers). Citizen Science platforms usually host multiple Citizen Science projects, and allow volunteers to choose the ones to participate in. Recent work in the area has demonstrated a positive feedback loop between participation and learning and creativity in Citizen Science projects, which is one of the motivating factors both for scientists and the volunteers. This emphasises the importance of creating successful Citizen Science platforms, which support this feedback process, and enable enhanced learning and creativity to occur through knowledge sharing and diverse participation. In this paper, we discuss how scientists' and volunteers' motivation and participation influence the design of Citizen Science platforms. We present our summary as guidelines for designing these platforms as user-inspired socio-technical systems. We also present the case-studies on popular Citizen Science platforms, including our own CitizenGrid platform, developed as part of the CCL EU project, as well as Zooniverse, World Community Grid, CrowdCrafting and EpiCollect+ to see how closely these platforms follow our proposed guidelines and how these may be further improved to incorporate the creativity enabled by the collective knowledge sharing.