bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS) operating conditions for in vitro and in vivo analysis of wine aroma
Authors: Sémon Etienne , Arvisenet Gaëlle , Guichard Elisabeth , Le Quéré Jean‐Luc 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWith proton transfer reaction‐mass spectrometry standard operating conditions, analysis of alcoholic beverages is an analytical challenge. Ethanol reacts with the primary ion H3O+ leading to its depletion and to formation of ethanol‐related ions and clusters, resulting in unstable ionization and in significant fragmentation of analytes. Different methods were proposed but generally resulted in lowering the sensitivity and/or complicating the mass spectra. The aim of the present study was to propose a simple, sensitive, and reliable method with fragmentation as low as possible, linearity within a realistic range of volatile organic compounds concentrations, and applicability to in vivo dynamic aroma release (nosespace) studies of wines.For in vitro analyses, a reference flask containing a hydro‐alcoholic solution (10% ethanol) was permanently connected to the PTR‐MS inlet in order to establish ethanol chemical ionization conditions. A low electric field strength to number density ratio E/N (80 Td) was used in the drift‐tube. A stable reagent ion distribution was obtained with the primary protonated ethanol ion C2H5OH2+ accounting for more than 80% of the ionized species. The ethanol dimer (C2H5OH)2H+ accounted for only 10%. Fragmentation of some aroma molecules important for white wine flavor (various esters, linalool, cis‐rose oxide, 2‐methylpropan‐1‐ol, 3‐methylbutan‐1‐ol, and 2‐phenylethanol) was studied from same ethanol content solutions connected alternatively with the reference solution to the instrument inlet. Linear dynamic range and limit of detection (LOD) were determined for ethyl hexanoate. Fragmentation of the protonated analytes was limited to a few ions of low intensity, or to specific fragment ions with no further fragmentation. Association and/or ligand switching reactions from ethanol clusters were only significant for the primary alcohols. Interpretation of the mass spectra was straightforward with easy detection of diagnostic ions. These results made this ethanol ionization method suitable for direct headspace analyses of model wines and to their nosespace analyses.
The microlevel actions undertaken by owner‐managers in improving the sustainability practices of cultural and creative small and medium enterprises: A United Kingdom–Italy comparison
Authors: Del Giudice Manlio , Khan Zaheer , De Silva Muthu , Scuotto Veronica , Caputo Francesco , Carayannis Elias 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThis article discusses microlevel actions undertaken by owner‐managers, and how such actions affect stakeholders in enhancing the sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), the knowledge on which is lacking in the extant literature. The paper, by adopting an inductive analytical approach, draws key insights from the literature on microfoundations and sustainability and evidence from representatives of 5 Cultural and Creative Industry SMEs in Italy and of 5 in the United Kingdom. The findings suggest that owner‐managers play a crucial role when engaging in sustainability activities jointly with employees and other stakeholders, through which individual‐level actions enhance collective organizational‐level sustainability practices. The U.K. and Italian cases highlight 2 contrasting approaches to dealing with sustainability; thus, the paper contributes to the emerging literature on SME microfoundations and sustainability.
Investigation of secondary structure evolution of micellar casein powder upon aging by FTIR and SRCD: consequences on solubility
Authors: Nasser Sarah , Hédoux Alain , Giuliani Alexandre , Le Floch‐Fouéré Cécile , Santé‐Lhoutellier Véronique , de Waele Isabelle , Delaplace Guillaume 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDSynchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to examine the conformation evolution of micellar casein (MC) powder during storage and to determine whether the spectral changes could be related to their solubility evolution.RESULTSA loss in intensity of SRCD spectra as a function of storage time has been observed. Quantification of secondary structures revealed losses of α‐helix content during storage. Moreover, a redshift of the amide I band in the FTIR spectrum was demonstrated during the storage and was interpreted as a rearrangement of the secondary structure of the protein, which is in line with the SRCD results. The qualitative results obtained by FTIR clearly support the quantitative evolution of the secondary structure obtained by the analysis of SRCD spectra. Principal component analysis (PCA) of FTIR spectra permits a good separation of samples according to the storage time. PCA shows that the evolution of secondary structures and solubility loss are closely linked.CONCLUSIONWith the quantitative data provided by SRCD spectra, it was established that, whatever the storage conditions, a unique curve exists between loss of α‐helix content and loss in solubility, showing that loss of α‐helix content is a marker of solubility loss for the MC powders studied. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Reduction of androstenone perception in pan‐fried boar meat by different masking strategies
Authors: Egea Macarena , Linares María Belén , Gil Marta , López María Belén , Garrido María Dolores 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDConsumers highly sensitive to androstenone María (AND) will probably reject meat from entire male pigs, which tends to have high levels of this hormone. To avoid this, the effect of different masking strategies (sprinkling with mixed spices or fennel, marinating and breading with garlic–parsley or curry) on the sensory parameters of pork loin chops obtained from entire animals with high levels of AND (1.0–2.9 mg kg−1 AND in fat) and castrated animals (<0.4 mg kg−1 AND in fat), both with low levels of skatole (<0.1 mg kg−1 skatole in fat) was investigated.RESULTSThe garlic–parsley breadcrumbs led to the highest reduction in the perception of AND compared with the other masking strategies used, and preserved the juiciness of the product. There was a negative correlation between AND and fat content.CONCLUSIONAND odor and flavor can be reduced in meat from entire male pigs by using suitable strategies, the best strategy being the garlic–parsley breadcrumbs. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Bloom termination of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella: Vertical migration behavior, sediment infiltration, and benthic cyst yield
Authors: Brosnahan Michael L. , Ralston David K. , Fischer Alexis D. , Solow Andrew R. , Anderson Donald M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNew resting cyst production is crucial for the survival of many microbial eukaryotes including phytoplankton that cause harmful algal blooms. Production in situ has previously been estimated through sediment trap deployments, but here was instead assessed through estimation of the total number of planktonic cells and new resting cysts produced by a localized, inshore bloom of Alexandrium catenella, a dinoflagellate that is a globally important cause of paralytic shellfish poisoning. Our approach utilizes high frequency, automated water monitoring, weekly observation of new cyst production, and pre‐ and post‐bloom spatial surveys of total resting cyst abundance. Through this approach, new cyst recruitment within the study area was shown to account for at least 10.9% ± 2.6% (SE) of the bloom's decline, ∼ 5× greater than reported from comparable, sediment trap based studies. The observed distribution and timing of new cyst recruitment indicate that: (1) planozygotes, the immediate precursor to cysts in the life cycle, migrate nearer to the water surface than other planktonic stages and (2) encystment occurs after planozygote settlement on bottom sediments. Near surface localization by planozygotes explains the ephemerality of red surface water discoloration by A. catenella blooms, and also enhances the dispersal of new cysts. Following settlement, bioturbation and perhaps active swimming promote sediment infiltration by planozygotes, reducing the extent of cyst redistribution between blooms. The concerted nature of bloom sexual induction, especially in the context of an observed upper limit to A. catenella bloom intensities and heightened susceptibility of planozygotes to the parasite Amoebophrya, is also discussed.
A–π–D–π–A Electron‐Donating Small Molecules for Solution‐Processed Organic Solar Cells: A Review
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhu Lingyun , Shuai Zhigang , Wei Zhixiang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOrganic solar cells based on semiconducting polymers and small molecules have attracted considerable attention in the last two decades. Moreover, the power conversion efficiencies for solution‐processed solar cells containing A–π–D–π–A‐type small molecules and fullerenes have reached 11%. However, the method for designing high‐performance, photovoltaic small molecules still remains unclear. In this review, recent studies on A–π–D–π–A electron‐donating small molecules for organic solar cells are introduced. Moreover, the relationships between molecular properties and device performances are summarized, from which inspiration for the future design of high performance organic solar cells may be obtained.
Gradient estimate for solutions of nonlinear singular elliptic equations below the duality exponent
Authors: Cirmi G. R. , D'Asero S. , Leonardi S. 
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we study the homogeneous Dirichlet problem for an elliptic equation whose simplest model isurn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4609:mma4609-math-0001where,N≥3 is an open bounded set,θ∈]0,1[, andfbelongs to a suitable Morrey space. We will show that the Morrey property of the datum is transmitted to the gradient of a solution.
Screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Germany, 1977–2011: A personal story
Authors: Scheuerbrandt Günter 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEDITOR'S NOTEThis article by Dr. Günter Scheuerbrandt is a fascinating personal account and historical narrative of the birth and development of a screening program for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in Germany, beginning 40 years ago. As the author notes, approval of an institutional review board or ethics committee was not required for this type of scientific investigation in one's field at the time this program was begun, but we have removed all personal data from any of the materials presented in here in order to conform to current concepts of ethical publication.This article is about the screening of 528,410, mostly 4–6‐week‐old, boys in Germany between 1977 and 2011 for high levels of creatine kinase (CK) to identify those with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). During these 34 years of infant screening, 147 boys with confirmed, probable, and possible DMD (incidence 1:3,600 male births) and 33 boys with confirmed, probable, and possible BMD (incidence 1:15,500 male births) were found. Research reports about DMD were sent to families and pediatricians participating in the screening, and, on request, to families and scientists everywhere. It is hoped that screening programs used as the basis for future therapies will be able to modify the natural history of boys with DMD. New dystrophin mutations will continue to occur, necessitating screening and early therapy.Abstract Submitted for Presentation at the 10th International Society for Neonatal Screening–Asia Pacific Regional Meeting, August 2017, Ulaanbataar, Mongolia. Muscle Nerve 57: 185–188, 2018
In Harm's way—after which nothing was the same again too close for comfort—part 2
Authors: Broadribb Michael P. 
Published: October 2017

Learning from experience is one of the four pillars of Risk‐Based Process Safety. Incidents that occur at one facility often provide opportunities to strengthen management systems at another. Sharing technical lessons learned from incidents is vital to improving process safety performance across the process industries. Most incidents also involve human factors, often as a key causal factor. Understanding performance‐shaping factors can be essential to minimizing future failures.Most case studies on process safety incidents are written by a third party who was not directly involved in the incident. As such, the papers may lack insights that can only be properly articulated by someone directly involved.In his early career the author was involved in two major incidents while managing day‐to‐day operation of refinery process units. This article describes the second incident involving several employees rendered unconscious from exposure to hydrogen sulfide. The first incident involving two major fires was published in Process Safety Progress [Broadribb, Process Safety Progress 32 (2013) 255–259]. In both incidents, the author found himself decidedly too close for comfort and could easily have become a casualty himself.The second incident occurred during commissioning of a major process unit in which eight men were exposed to sour gas. The blank isolating the Reactor from the Main Fractionator column was being removed and the work had progressed to the point where the flanges had been jacked open and the blank removed, when the men on the job were overcome by gas. Breathing apparatus was not being worn. Members of the rescue party were also affected by gas.This article will raise awareness of lessons learned relating to a number of elements of Risk‐Based Process Safety [CCPS, “Guidelines for Risk Based Process Safety”, New York, 2007] and human factors.“This article was prepared for presentation at American Institute of Chemical Engineers 2014 Spring Meeting, 10th Global Congress on Process Safety, New Orleans, Louisiana, March 30–April 2, 2014, and American Institute of Chemical Engineers 2017 Spring Meeting, 13th Global Congress on Process Safety, San Antonio, Texas, March 26–29, 2017.” © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 37: 140–144, 2018
Cover Image, Volume 73, Issue 11
Authors: Richards Nicola K , Mansfield Sarah , Townsend Richard J , Ferguson Colin M 
Published: October 2017

The cover image, by Nicola K Richards et al., is based on the Research Article Genetic variation within species and haplotypes of the Wiseana (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) complex and development of non‐sequenced based identification tools to aid field studies, DOI: 10.1002/ps.4620. Photo Credit: Colin M. Ferguson, AgResearch‐ Invermay.
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Recent Progress in Snow and Ice Research
Authors: RICHTER-MENGE J. A. , COLBECK S. C. , JEZEK K. C. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTSnow and ice research during the past quadrennial covers a wide range of topics varying from the climatic effects of large ice sheets and sea ice covers to applied problems such as the icing of power lines and communication facilities. This review focuses in more detail on three topics of the many subjects investigated to provide a more coherent look at the advances achieved and prospects for the future. These are: the influences of layers in seasonal snow covers; research in ice mechanics on freshwater and sea ice; and remote sensing of polar ice sheets. These topics provide useful examples of the general needs in snow and ice research applicable to most areas, e.g. better representation in models of detailed processes, careful controlled laboratory experiments to quantify processes, and field studies to provide the appropriate context for interpretation of processes from remote sensing.
Pyroelektrische Röntgenquellen zum Einsatz in der Materialanalyse
Authors: Wilke Markus , Knapp Wolfram , Harnisch Karsten , Ecke Martin , Halle Thorsten 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Nutzung des pyroelektrischen Effektes zur Erzeugung und Beschleunigung von Elektronen kann eine günstige und schnelle Durchführung von chemischen Analysen mittels Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse ermöglichen. Mit dem Ziel der Optimierung der Intensität von primärer und sekundärer Röntgenstrahlung wurden verschiedene Versuche durchgeführt. Untersuchungen der Dosisleistung der aus einem Röntgenfenster austretenden Strahlung zeigten, dass ein Vakuumdruck von 5 · 10−1 Pa hohe Intensitäten der Strahlung begünstigt. Verschiedene untersuchte Targetmaterialien waren geeignet, Röntgenfluoreszenzstrahlung einer Probe anzuregen. Dies ermöglichte eine Quantifizierung der in der Probe enthaltenen Elemente.
Experiences of a High‐Risk Population with Prenatal Hemoglobinopathy Carrier Screening in a Primary Care Setting: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Holtkamp Kim C. A. , Lakeman Phillis , Hader Hind , Jans Suze M. J. P. , Hoenderdos Maria , Playfair Henna A. M. , Cornel Martina C. , Peters Marjolein , Henneman Lidewij 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCarrier screening for hemoglobinopathies (HbPs; sickle cell disease and thalassemia) aims to facilitate autonomous reproductive decision‐making. In the absence of a Dutch national HbP carrier screening program, some primary care midwives offer screening on an ad hoc basis. This qualitative descriptive study explores how pregnant women perceive an offer of HbP carrier screening by their midwife. Semi‐structured interviews (n = 26) were conducted with pregnant women at risk of being a HbP carrier, and whom were offered screening at their booking appointment in one of two midwifery practices in Amsterdam. The results showed that half of the respondents were familiar with HbPs. Generally, women perceived the offer of HbP carrier screening as positive, and most women (n = 19) accepted screening. Seven declined, of whom two already knew their carrier status. Important reasons to accept screening were to obtain knowledge about their own carrier status and health of their unborn child, and the ease of the procedure. A multistep process of decision‐making was observed, as many women did not give follow‐up testing (e.g. partner, invasive diagnostics) much consideration while deciding on accepting or declining HbP screening. Women experienced information overload, and preferred receiving the information at a different moment (e.g. before the intake by a leaflet, or preconceptionally). In conclusion, while prenatal HbP carrier screening is perceived as positive, informed decision‐making seems to be suboptimal, and both the content and timing of the information provided needs improvement.
Safety Needs of People With Disabilities During Earthquakes
Authors: Aryankhesal Aidin , Pakjouei Shahrzad , Kamali Mohammad 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe needs of people with disabilities are not taken into account during disasters, and there is no or little preparation for them. Hence, such people are very anxious about their personal safety during disasters. The aim of this study was to explain the safety needs of people with disabilities during earthquakes.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted with purposive sampling. A total of 12 people with movement disability, aged between 18 and 60 years, and with an experience of facing earthquakes, participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used.ResultsThe safety needs of people with disabilities were categorized into three phases: those before an earthquake were considering building codes and resistant construction, building safe and resistant-to-climate-change shelters, and securing the room at the home and workplace; that during an earthquake was the existence of personal protection facilities; and those after an earthquake were adaptation of bathrooms in secure areas, prioritizing conex containers instead of tents, and sheltering in a safe and vermin-free area.ConclusionsThe sudden death of people with disabilities during disasters is preventable through proper planning and preparedness of emergency personnel. Hence, identifying the safety needs of these people and inclusion of such plans in disasters management systems can assure safety for people with disabilities during disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:615–621)
Estimation of turbulent channel flow at based on the wall measurement using a simple sequential approach
Authors: Suzuki Takao , Hasegawa Yosuke 
Published: October 2017

The unsteady flow estimation problem of wall-bounded turbulence, numerically benchmarked by Chevalier et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 552, 2006, pp. 167–187), is re-tackled with simple approaches. A turbulent channel flow at $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=100$ with periodic boundary conditions is reconstructed with linear stochastic estimation only based on the wall measurement, i.e. the wall shear stress in the streamwise and spanwise directions as well as the wall pressure over the entire wavenumber space. The results reveal that instantaneous information on the wall governs the success of the estimation in the vicinity of the wall ($y^{+}\lesssim 20$). The degrees of agreement are equivalent to those reported by Chevalier et al. using the extended Kalman filter as well as the ensemble Kalman filter performed in this study. This suggests that the instantaneous information on the wall dictates the reconstruction rather than the prediction step in these state observers solving the dynamical system. Subsequently, we feed the velocity components given by the linear stochastic estimation via the body-force term into the Navier–Stokes system: such an observer slightly improves the estimation in the log layer, indicating a small benefit of involving a dynamical system but over-suppression of turbulent motions beyond the viscous sublayer due to their low correlation with the wall measurement. Errors in the estimation grow in the buffer layer and prevent further reconstruction toward the centreline even if we relax the feedback forcing and let the flow evolve nonlinearly through the observer. We also discuss the flow components truly reconstructible from the wall measurement, which has limited degrees of freedom and poor correlation across wavenumbers.
Tilting at wave beams: a new perspective on the St. Andrew’s Cross
Authors: Kataoka T. , Ghaemsaidi S. J. , Holzenberger N. , Peacock T. , Akylas T. R. 
Published: October 2017

The generation of internal gravity waves by a vertically oscillating cylinder that is tilted to the horizontal in a stratified Boussinesq fluid of constant buoyancy frequency, $N$, is investigated. This variant of the widely studied horizontal configuration – where a cylinder aligned with a plane of constant gravitational potential induces four wave beams that emanate from the cylinder, forming a cross pattern known as the ‘St. Andrew’s Cross’ – brings out certain unique features of radiated internal waves from a line source tilted to the horizontal. Specifically, simple kinematic considerations reveal that for a cylinder inclined by a given angle $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ to the horizontal, there is a cutoff frequency, $N\sin \unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$, below which there is no longer a radiated wave field. Furthermore, three-dimensional effects due to the finite length of the cylinder, which are minor in the horizontal configuration, become a significant factor and eventually dominate the wave field as the cutoff frequency is approached; these results are confirmed by supporting laboratory experiments. The kinematic analysis, moreover, suggests a resonance phenomenon near the cutoff frequency as the group-velocity component perpendicular to the cylinder direction vanishes at cutoff; as a result, energy cannot be easily radiated away from the source, and nonlinear and viscous effects are likely to come into play. This scenario is examined by adapting the model for three-dimensional wave beams developed in Kataoka & Akylas (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 769, 2015, pp. 621–634) to the near-resonant wave field due to a tilted line source of large but finite length. According to this model, the combination of three-dimensional, nonlinear and viscous effects near cutoff triggers transfer of energy, through the action of Reynolds stresses, to a circulating horizontal mean flow. Experimental evidence of such an induced mean flow near cutoff is also presented.