bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of Ready-to-Administer and Ready-to-Use Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Injection Solutions
Authors: Heeb Rita Marina , Stollhof Bettina , Reichhold Julia , Thiesen Judith , Krämer Irene 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn the University Medical Centre Mainz, standard concentrations are defined for medicinal products to be administered by continuous injection with syringe pumps in adult intensive care patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical stability of ready-to-use and ready-to-administer preparations containing Epinephrine (E) and Norepinephrine (NE) in standardized concentrations and prepared batch wise in the pharmacy department as basis for assigning shelf-lives.MethodsE 20 µg/mL and NE 10 µg/mL in disposable syringes and NE 40, 100, 200, 400 µg/ml in 50 ml amber type I glass vials were prepared batch wise and the concentrations were analyzed by stability-indicating, validated reversed-phase HPLC-PDA assays. Test solutions for long-term stability studies were stored under refrigeration (2–8 °C) for 6–12 months or at elevated temperatures (21–27 °C) light protected for up to 6 months or without light protection for up to one month. Osmolality and pH were measured on predefined intervals.ResultsThe concentrations of E in 50 mL syringes and NE in 10 mL syringes remained unchanged over a period of 6 months when stored at 2–8 °C. NE preparations of different concentrations prepared in amber glass vials remained stable over a study period of 12 months. At RT the shelf-life decreased to about 6 months and the exposure to mixed daylight at RT caused loss of stability in only few days.ConclusionsBatch wise preparation of ready-to-administer (RTA) preparations containing 20 µg/mL E or 10 µg/mL NE in disposable syringes as well as ready-to-use (RTU) preparations containing 40, 100, 200 and 400 µg/mL NE was successfully implemented in a pharmacy department. Storage of the preparations at refrigerated temperatures is required to obtain acceptable shelf-lives of 6–12 months. Elevated temperatures and especially exposure to mixed daylight significantly decreased the shelf life.
Menschen mit Behinderungen in Deutschland – Schwerpunkte des Zweiten Teilhabeberichts 2016
Authors: Engels Dietrich 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der Teilhabebericht zeigt ein differenziertes Bild der Lebenslagen von Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen auf. Sie erfahren oftmals weniger Unterstützung von ihrem sozialen Umfeld, schätzen ihren Gesundheitsstatus als schlechter ein, haben oft niedrigere Berufsabschlüsse und in der Folge auch geringere Einkommen als Menschen ohne Beeinträchtigungen. Je schwerer die Beeinträchtigung, desto geringer sind die Teilhabechancen. Weitere wissenschaftliche Forschung sowie gesamtgesellschaftliche und politische Bemühungen sind notwendig, um eine Chancengerechtigkeit herzustellen.
Betriebliche Inklusion: Arbeitnehmer mit dauerhaften gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen im Etikettierungs-Ressourcen-Dilemma
Authors: Bauer Jana Felicitas , Chakraverty Veronika , Niehaus Mathilde 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Für Menschen mit dauerhaften gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen ist die Abstimmung zwischen beruflicher Tätigkeit und individuellen Voraussetzungen besonders bedeutsam, um dauerhaft gesund und arbeitsfähig zu bleiben. Der Gesetzgeber sieht dafür zahlreiche Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten vor, deren Inanspruchnahme Betroffene jedoch vor ein Etikettierungs-Ressourcen-Dilemma mit Angst vor Stigmatisierung stellen kann. Bei der Lösung dieses Dilemmas spielt die Unternehmenskultur eine zentrale Rolle.
The Crisis of Masculinity: Jez Butterworth’s Mojo
Authors: Biçer Ahmet Gökhan , Günenç Mesut 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
During the late twentieth century, crisis of masculinity appears in all societal settings; at work, at school, on the street and in the family. The crisis of fatherhood, anxiety, power, and abuse create the crisis of masculinity. As a concrete example of the masculinity crisis Jez Butterworth’s most discussed stage play Mojo was first performed at London’s Royal Court in 1995. This paper takes Mojo under observation as a frontier play depicting a male identity that portrays rock and roll culture, gangland violence, and male Soho gangsters of the 1950s. With these concepts in mind, this paper analyses the contemporary anxieties related to masculinity through witty, absurd dialogues and homoerotic relationships of this striking play.
Degradable Mg alloy composites using fly ash cenospheres
Authors: Zhikang Ji , Sirong Yu , Xiaoli Yin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The feasibility of fabricating Mg alloy degradable composites with fly ash cenospheres (FACs) using stir casting has been demonstrated. The effects of FAC addition (mass fraction: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt.%) on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior were investigated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, density tests, compression tests, immersion tests and electrochemical measurements. The result shows that the degradable composites are mainly composed of α-Mg, β-Mg17Al12, Mg2Si and MgO phase, and FAC can refine the grain size. The average measured densities of the FAC/Mg alloy composites are higher than the theoretical values due to the formation of the Mg2Si phase, which are in the range of 1.8843–2.0526 g/cm3. The compressive strength of the degradable composites dramatically enhances with the addition of FAC, and the maximum strength is 375 MPa with the 8-wt.% mass fraction, which can be attributed to the refined grains and the formation of massive Mg2Si phase. Furthermore, the corrosion rate of the degradable composites with 10 wt.% FACs shows the highest value of 5.02 g/h in 3 wt.% potassium chloride solution at 80°C, which is three times higher than the corrosion rate of composites without FAC. With the increase in FAC content, more Mg2Si phases formed; thus, micro-galvanic corrosion works well in the composites.
The Youth Guarantee in Italy and the New Policy Design Approach: Expectations, Hopes and Delusions
Authors: Vesan Patrik , Lizzi Renata 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe article presents an empirical analysis of the Italian Youth Guarantee (YG) based on the approach of the new policy design. After having reviewed the most recent literature concerning this analytical approach, it examines the rationales, actors, aims, and contextual factors, as well as the political dynamics, that characterised the design of the YG national plan and its first implementation at the local level. The article argues that the Youth Guarantee offered the opportunity to think about the reorganisation of responsibilities and operational governance mechanisms in the domain of active labour market policy. Although some innovations and discontinuities are evident, the path of reform is still largely incomplete.
Material Well-being and Happiness in Transition Countries
Authors: Družić Marko , Majstorović Martina 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to further the research of the connection between material well-being and happiness in transition economies. We analyzed panel data obtained from the World Database of Happiness and Eurostat. Our results indicate that out of all the major macroeconomic variables (GDP, employment, inflation, taxes etc.), the most significant (and the only stable) predictor of changes in happiness in transition countries is the level of employment. The results are consistent with a hypothesis of a still prevalent “socialist mentality” in the analyzed sample of countries which are all formerly socialist economies that typically place high (or full) employment as the highest economic priority (as opposed to GDP growth, low inflation etc.). Our results differ from the conclusions of the few studies done on this sample of countries, which suggests additional research on the subject is likely required.
Interpretation of the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra of Copper(II)–Tyrosine Complex
Authors: Xu Xiao-Hui , Kuang Min-Quan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of [Cu(l-tyrosine)2]
n
(CuA) were interpreted based on the fourth-order perturbation treatments where the contributions due to the local distortion, ligand orbit and spin-orbit coupling were included. The calculated band transitions

d

x
2

−

y
2

${{\text{d}}_{{{\text{x}}^2} - {{\text{y}}^2}}}$

to dxy (≈16412 cm−1) and

d

z
2

${{\text{d}}_{{{\text{z}}^2}}}$

(≈14845 cm−1) agree well with the band analysis results

(d

x
2

−

y
2

→

d

xy

${\text{(}}{{\text{d}}_{{{\text{x}}^2} - {{\text{y}}^2}}} \to {{\text{d}}_{{\text{xy}}}}$

≈16410 and

d

x
2

−

y
2

→

d

z
2

${{\text{d}}_{{{\text{x}}^2} - {{\text{y}}^2}}} \to {{\text{d}}_{{{\text{z}}^2}}}$

≈14850 cm−1). The unresolved separations

d

x
2

−

y
2

→

d

xz

${{\text{d}}_{{{\text{x}}^2} - {{\text{y}}^2}}} \to {{\text{d}}_{{\text{xz}}}}$

and

d

x
2

−

y
2

→

d

yz

${{\text{d}}_{{{\text{x}}^2} - {{\text{y}}^2}}} \to {{\text{d}}_{{\text{yz}}}}$

in the absorption spectra were evaluated as 26283 and 26262 cm−1, respectively. For CuA, copper chromophores in 1,3-diaminorpropane isophtalate copper(II) complex (CuB) and N-methyl-1,2-diaminoetaane-bis copper(II) polymer (CuC), the transition

d

x
2

−

y
2

→

d

xy

${{\text{d}}_{{{\text{x}}^2} - {{\text{y}}^2}}} \to {{\text{d}}_{{\text{xy}}}}$

(=E1≈10Dq) suffered an increase with a decrease in R̅L which was evaluated as the mean value of the copper-ligand bond lengths. The correlations between the tetragonal elongation ratio ρ (=(R
z–R̅L)/R̅L) (or the ratio G=(g
z–g
e)/((g
x+g
y)/2–g
e)) and the g isotropy g
av (=(g
x+g
y+g
z)/3) (or the covalency factor N) for CuA, CuB and CuC were acquired and all the results were discussed.
Monoterpenes induce the heat shock response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hara Masakazu , Yamauchi Naoya , Sumita Yoshiki 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Monoterpenes are common constituents of essential oils produced by plants. Although it has been reported that monoterpenes enhanced the heat tolerance of plants, the mechanism has not been elucidated. Here, we tested whether 13 monoterpenes promoted the heat shock response (HSR) in Arabidopsis. To assess the HSR-inducing activity of monoterpenes, we produced transgenic Arabidopsis, which has the β-glucuronidase gene driven by the promoter of a small heat shock protein (HSP17.6C-CI) gene. Results indicated that two monocyclic and four bicyclic monoterpenes showed HSR-inducing activities using the reporter gene system. In particular, (−)-perillaldehyde, which is a monocyclic monoterpene, demonstrated the most potent HSR-inducing activity. (−)-Perillaldehyde significantly inhibited the reduction of chlorophyll content by heat shock in Arabidopsis seedlings. Our previous study indicated that chemical HSR inducers such as geldanamycin and sanguinarine inhibited the activity of plant chaperones in vitro. (−)-Perillaldehyde also inhibited chaperone activity, indicating that it might promote the expression of heat shock protein genes by inhibiting chaperones in the plant cell.
Molecular Interactions Investigation of L-Histidine in Water and in Aqueous Citric Acid at Different Temperatures Using Volumetric and Acoustic Methods
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Sharma Shashi Kant 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Densities, ρ and ultrasonic speeds, u of L-histidine (0.02–0.12 mol·kg−1) in water and 0.1 mol·kg−1 aqueous citric acid solutions were measured over the temperature range (298.15–313.15) K with interval of 5 K at atmospheric pressure. From these experimental data apparent molar volume Φ
V
, limiting apparent molar volume Φ
V

O
and the slope SV
, partial molar expansibilities Φ
E

O
, Hepler’s constant, adiabatic compressibility β, transfer volume Φ
V, tr

O
, intermolecular free length (Lf
), specific acoustic impedance (Z) and molar compressibility (W) were calculated. The results are interpreted in terms of solute–solute and solute–solvent interactions in these systems. It has also been observed that L-histidine act as structure maker in water and aqueous citric acid.
The Role of Rituximab in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment and the Potential Utility of Biosimilars
Authors: Brown Jennifer R. , Cymbalista Florence , Sharman Jeff , Jacobs Ira , Nava-Parada Pilar , Mato Anthony 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is managed with observation for asymptomatic or clinically silent disease; pharmacologic intervention is generally required for symptomatic patients with clinically significant adenopathy or cytopenia. In the front-line treatment of CLL, the current standard-of-care includes chemotherapy in combination with an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (e.g., rituximab, ofatumumab, or obinutuzumab) or ibrutinib as single agent. Despite the evolving treatment paradigm toward targeted therapy, it is likely that rituximab (plus chemotherapy), with or without targeted agents, will retain a significant role in CLL treatment. However, patents for many biologics, including rituximab, have expired or will expire in the near future. Furthermore, access to rituximab has remained challenging, particularly in countries with restricted resources. Together, these concerns have prompted the development of safe and effective rituximab biosimilars. The term “biosimilar” refers to a biologic that is highly similar to an approved reference (originator) product, notwithstanding minor differences in clinically inactive components, and for which there are no clinically meaningful differences in purity, potency, or safety. Biosimilars are developed to treat the same condition(s) using the same treatment regimens as an approved reference biologic and have the potential to increase access to more affordable treatments. We review the importance of rituximab in the current treatment of CLL, the scientific basis of its future role in combination with chemotherapy, and the role of new and emerging agents in the treatment of CLL, which could potentially be used in combination with rituximab biosimilars. We also discuss rituximab biosimilars currently in development.

Implications for Practice
Front-line treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) include chemotherapy in combination with an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (e.g., rituximab, ofatumumab, or obinutuzumab) or ibrutinib as single agent. Despite the evolving treatment paradigm, it is likely rituximab (plus chemotherapy) and targeted agents undergoing clinical evaluation will retain a significant role in CLL treatment. However, patents for many biologics, including rituximab, have expired or will expire in the near future and, in many regions, access to rituximab remains challenging. Together, these concerns have prompted the development of safe and effective rituximab biosimilars, with the potential to increase access to more affordable treatments.
Managing the Impacts of Full-Day Kindergarten on Rural Child Care Centres in Ontario
Authors: Udenigwe Ogochukwu Chinelo , Lero Donna 
Published: December 2017

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Evidence suggests that the introduction of full-day kindergarten (FDK) in Ontario poses challenges to the child care sector; however, there is a dearth of information on the unique struggles faced by the rural child care sector as a result of the implementation of FDK. Furthermore, little is known about survival strategies adopted by rural child care centres. Telephone interviews with seven consolidated municipal service managers (CMSMs), who are responsible for service planning and support, revealed the actions taken to aid rural communities. Telephone interviews with nine rural child care centre directors/operators highlighted their strategies for managing the challenges presented by FDK and revealed the most pressing problems facing the rural child care sector. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Técnicas inteligentes para la identificación y el seguimiento de fenómenos meteorológicos que podrían afectar la seguridad de vuelo
Authors: Florez Zuluaga Jimmy Anderson , Vargas Jesús Francisco , Reina Juddy K. 
Published: December 2017

En la aviación, los fenómenos meteorológicos son uno de los aspectos más importantes para tener en cuenta en todas las etapas de vuelo, desde la planificación hasta el aterrizaje. El desarrollo de sistemas de predicción meteorológica aplicados a la aviación puede apoyar el proceso de toma de decisiones de los controladores de tráfico aéreo y los pilotos, facilitando el análisis de las variables meteorológicas y proporcionando una primera interpretación a disposición de todos los usuarios del sistema aéreo. Por esta razón el Centro de desarrollo Tecnológico para la Defensa (CETAD) tiene como principal objetivo en este documento describir los resultados del desarrollo de una metodología sistematizada que utiliza técnicas inteligentes para la detección, identificación y seguimiento de cualquier tipo de formación que por sus características pueda representar un riesgo para la aviación, generando a su vez información de soporte al controlador aéreo.Para esto es necesario primero identificar las formaciones convectivas, clasificarlas, filtrar el ruido e individualizarlas. Este tipo de procesos pueden ser automatizados a través del análisis inteligente de productos disponibles en cualquier sistema aéreo como las imágenes satelitales multiespectrales. Posterior a una identificación, se deben determinar un grupo de características que permitan desarrollar algoritmos eficientes capaces de realizar un seguimiento del comportamiento de la formación convectiva, que permita generar pronósticos de las características de los sistemas convectivos en el corto plazo, para lo que se requiere conocer otras variables como el viento en las áreas de análisis.Este tipo de aplicaciones integradas a los sistemas de control de tráfico aérea disminuirían los riesgos debidos factores meteorológicos.
Gobiernos de Álvaro Uribe y Juan Manuel Santos, tratamiento del conflicto armado en Colombia
Authors: Pallares Cabezas Luis 
Published: December 2017

En el presente artículo se podrán apreciar las acciones que los gobiernos de los presidentes Álvaro Uribe Vélez (2002-2006) y Juan Manuel Santos (2010-2014) pusieron en marcha para conseguir la paz que pide el Estado Social de Derecho. Examinaremos las medidas que, desde sus Planes de Desarrollo, propusieron estas dos administraciones para caminar hacia la paz. En ambos casos nos focalizaremos en las respectivas políticas de defensa y seguridad implementadas en dichos periodos. Se indica en el texto que el actual proceso de paz, como logro nacional, no ha sido producto de la gestión de un único gobierno. Al contrario, es el resultado de esfuerzos múltiples y consecutivos desarrollados por diferentes administraciones, animadas por la intención de culminar el conflicto con el menor costo social posible. Esto en acatamiento a la directriz constitucional de mantener la independencia de país y su integridad territorial, para garantizar la convivencia pacífica.
Incidencia de una estrategia comunicativa en el fortalecimiento de las competencias del emprendimiento en estudiantes de quinto grado
Authors: Angarita Mogollón Julio Cesar , Bernal Hernandez Nubia Alexandra , Arias Penagos Ana Doris Esneth 
Published: December 2017

En el presente artículo se documentan los aspectos más relevantes de un trabajo de investigación que buscó analizar la influencia de una estrategia comunicativa en el fortalecimiento de las competencias en emprendimiento de los estudiantes de quinto grado del colegio Panamericano IED. El estudio utiliza un enfoque de investigación mixto cuali-cuantitativo que usa como instrumentos de recolección de información una prueba estandarizada, encuesta tipo Likert, cuestionario con validación semántica y diarios de campo. Se realizó en el período marzo–noviembre de 2015, con una muestra de 25 estudiantes en edades de 10 a 14 años, que corresponden al 45% de la población, quienes pertenecen a los estratos 1, 2 y 3, de la ciudad de Bogotá. La investigación también se propuso determinar la relación existente entre competencias comunicativas, desarrollo del emprendimiento y herramientas neuropedagógicas tricerebrales. Dentro de los resultados se determinó que los estudiantes tienen mejor desarrollo de las competencias interpretativa y propositiva, mientras que en la competencia argumentativa existen dificultades relacionadas con la construcción de proposiciones que soporten y apoyen ideas centrales. En cuanto al emprendimiento, se evidencia que los estudiantes pueden ser buenos emprendedores y que tienen el perfil de un emprendedor, por lo que se hace importante potenciar las competencias en emprendimiento. También se concluyó que la estrategia comunicativa permitió fortalecer en el grupo la triada cerebral para nivelar los elementos del saber, hacer y ser.
PLANTATION MANAGEMENT AND BAMBOO RESOURCE ECONOMICS IN CHINA
Authors: Troya Mera Fidel Antonio , Xu Chenyang 
Published: December 2017

Bamboos constitute a very important and versatile resource worldwide. A lot of Asian, African and South American people rely on bamboo products for their housing and farming tools. Meanwhile, the shoots of these plants are regarded as vegetables in East and South-East Asian nations. China has the greatest bamboo forest area (extension) and the largest number of bamboo species (more than 590 species), many of them with significant economic importance, being Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), the most important bamboo species in China, due to its usage not only as timber but also for food. China has paid unprecedented attention in recent decades to bamboo forest management. The vast economic profits derived from silviculture have contributed much to rural development and poverty alleviation. Bamboo industry has become the pillar of economy in mountainous areas. Besides being a tool for poverty alleviation in rural areas, bamboo plantations are also a significant carbon sink and a key option to mitigate land degradation. This paper highlights such aspects as bamboo silviculture (fertilization, pruning, thinning, irrigation, shoot and timber harvesting) its domestic and international applications (timber, plywood, food, paper, fuel, housing, etc.) in daily life, and its current role in Chinese industry and economy, without particular reference to any of its species.
ÉVALUATION DE LA DURABILITÉ NATURELLE DU BOIS DE PISTACIA ATLANTICA DESF. DU NORD DE L’ALGÉRIE
Authors: Boudouaya Manel , Benhassaini Hachemi , Bendimered-Mouri Fatima Zohra , Mothe Frédéric , Fournier Meriem 
Published: December 2017

La connaissance de la durabilité naturelle du bois des essences des zones arides et semi-arides est nécessaire pour décider de leur exploitation future. Ceci permet- trait de réduire l’utilisation des produits de préservation. La présente recherche a pour but de contribuer à la valorisation qualitative du bois d’une espèce ligneuse répandue en Algérie mais très peu étu- diée. Il s’agit du pistachier de l’Atlas, Pistacia atlantica Desf. C’est un taxon vivace, rustique et endémique qui peut vivre plusieurs siècles en s’adaptant par- faitement aux conditions édaphiques et climatiques contraignantes de son habi- tat. La durabilité naturelle a été évaluée au moyen d’éprouvettes normalisées de bois d’aubier et de duramen d’arbres provenant de deux régions différentes du point de vue bioclimatique en Algérie nord-occidentale. Les tests ont été effec- tués conformément aux normes euro- péennes NE 113 (1996) et NE 350-1 (1994)qui permettent l’évaluation de la durabi- lité du bois contre l’attaque fongique. Les résultats obtenus sur la perte de masse font ressortir deux faits particulièrement intéressants : le duramen et l’aubier des arbres des deux provenances présentent la même durabilité et aucune différence significative n’a été observée entre les deux provenances pour le même type de bois. Ce bois se classe parmi les bois très durables.