bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A temperature tipping point in hypoxic zone size
Authors: Turner R. Eugene , Rabalais Nancy N. , Glaspie Cassandra N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTemperature increases will have ubiquitous effects on aquatic food webs, from microbes to consumers, and affect the quality and quantity of carbon flows within and between water layers. A decline in the biological pump moving carbon from surface to lower layers is anticipated. We reviewed 37 years of data on hypoxic zone size and water quality in the northern Gulf of Mexico to determine if air and bottom water temperature increases (0.5°C decade−1) are significantly related to variations in its areal size. There was no significant decline in important river water quality in the 24 years since the national Hypoxia Action Plan was developed to reduce its size. Changes in the ratio of km2 hypoxia per 1000 mt nitrate loading from the Mississippi River from 2000 to 2023 reveals a tipping point in the hypoxic zone size that is driven by ocean warming. Biological factors varying with temperature such as ectotherm growth rates, zooplankton grazing, cell sinking rates, and diatom sequestration of Si or N are apparently more important influences on recent hypoxic zone size than variations in physical factors. This tipping point may be common to similarly warmed and eutrophic coastal waters where warming will likely result in diminished oxygen deficiency (< 2 mgO2 L−1). Hypoxia and food web models assuming a stationary equipoise of nutrient loadings, ratios and food webs will be deficient as coastal waters warm further, coastal storm and hurricane frequency increase and land uses in the watershed are altered with climate change.
External Factors Modulating Pain and Pain‐Related Functional Impairment in Cervical Dystonia
Authors: Martino Davide , Achen Beatrice M.C. , Morgante Francesca , Erro Roberto , Fox Susan H. , Edwards Mark J. , Schrag Anette , Stamelou Maria , Appel‐Cresswell Silke , Defazio Giovanni , Ray‐Chaudhuri Kallol , Poplawska‐Domaszewicz Karolina , Richardson Sarah Pirio , Jinnah Hyder A. , Bruno Veronica A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about factors modulating pain and pain‐related functional impairment in isolated cervical dystonia (CD).ObjectiveThe aim was to assess the prevalence and interrelationship between pain‐modulating factors and pain‐related determinants of functional impairment and quality of life in CD.MethodsWe analyzed pain‐aggravating and pain‐relieving external factors, the degree of pain‐related functional impact on routine activities, and the relationship between these and pain severity, using cross‐sectional data collected using the Pain in Dystonia Scale (PIDS) from 85 participants with CD. Pairwise correlation analyses and age‐ and sex‐adjusted linear regression models estimated the relationship between pain‐modulating factors and pain severity, and the impact of pain severity, dystonia severity, and psychiatric symptoms on pain‐related functional impairment and disease‐specific quality of life (measured using the Craniocervical Dystonia Questionnaire‐24).ResultsStress and prolonged fixed position were the most frequent and impacting pain triggers, with women reporting larger impact. The average impact of pain‐relieving factors was lower than that of pain triggers. Physical exercise and social gatherings were the most impacted activities by pain in CD. The intensity of external modulating factors was a predictor of pain severity. Severity of pain, CD, and psychiatric symptoms independently predicted pain‐related functional impairment, whereas quality of life was predicted by pain severity, pain‐related functional impairment, and psychiatric symptom severity, but not dystonia severity.ConclusionThe PIDS provides insight into external modulation and functional impact of pain in CD. The pattern of external modulation of pain in CD is in line with a multifactorial modulation and complex physiology.
Optimizing Pricing Strategies for Product Lines and Value‐Added Services: Accounting for Reference Prices and Network Effects
Authors: Qi Wei , Li Ziwei , Ma Yongfeng , Liu Xuwang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCustomer choice behavior is increasingly influenced by the reference price effect and negative network effect as customers become more rational and personalized. This study, considering customers as pivotal stakeholders for enterprise development, employs the multinomial logit (MNL) model and develops pricing and strategy optimization models for pure bundling and mixed bundling strategies of an enterprise's product line. The main focus is to analyze how these effects impact optimal pricing and strategy selection. The results indicate that stronger effects lead to lower enterprise profits, and ignoring them can cause substantial losses. Generally, mixed bundling strategies yield higher profits.
Trace Ratio Based Manifold Learning With Tensor Data
Authors: Bouallala Mohammed , Dufrenois Franck , Jbilou Khalide , Ratnani Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, we propose an extension of trace ratio based Manifold learning methods to deal with multidimensional data sets. Based on recent progress on the tensor‐tensor product, we present a generalization of the trace ratio criterion by using the properties of the t‐product. This will conduct us to introduce some new concepts such as Laplacian tensor and we will study formally the trace ratio problem by discussing the conditions for the existence of solutions and optimality. Next, we will present a tensor Newton QR decomposition algorithm for solving the trace ratio problem. Manifold learning methods such as Laplacian eigenmaps, linear discriminant analysis and locally linear embedding will be formulated in a tensor representation and optimized by the proposed algorithm. Finally, we will evaluate the performance of the different studied dimension reduction methods on several synthetic and real world data sets.
Planning policies to restrict fast food and inequalities in child weight in England: a quasi‐experimental analysis
Authors: Xiang Huasheng , Goffe Louis , Albani Viviana , Akhter Nasima , Lake Amelia A. , Brown Heather 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveEngland has one of the highest childhood obesity rates in Europe. To promote a healthier food environment in 2015, Gateshead Council in North East England introduced planning guidelines effectively banning any new fast‐food outlets. Our aim was to investigate whether this policy led to any reductions in childhood overweight and obesity prevalence and the inequalities in these outcomes.MethodsWe used data from the National Child Measurement Programme, the Food Standards Agency Food Hygiene Rating Scheme data, and the Office of National Statistics between 2012 and 2020. We estimated a difference‐in‐differences model employing propensity score matching to identify a control group.ResultsWe found no significant change in population‐level childhood overweight and obesity in Gateshead compared with control areas. In subgroup analysis by area‐level deprivation, we found that the quintile of deprivation with the highest proportion of fast‐food outlets had a statistically significant reduction of 4.8% in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity compared with control areas.ConclusionsRestricting fast‐food outlets in areas with a high concentration of such outlets as part of a package of policies to reduce childhood obesity may help to reduce prevalence and inequalities in childhood overweight and obesity.
Using the reverse geometry method for warpage compensation on changing meshes with interpolation methods
Authors: Tillmann Steffen , Schwan Sebastian , Fritsche Daniel C. , Kahve Cemi E. , Elgeti Stefanie , Hopmann Christian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the manufacturing process of injection molding, the geometric accuracy of the produced part is affected by shrinkage and warpage. To support efforts to compensate for these effects, this paper presents an extension of the numerical compensation approach known as the reverse geometry method. The reverse geometry method is based on the numerical forward simulation of the displacement field resulting from shrinkage and warpage. It is an iterative method that performs node‐based compensation in each step. The mention of node‐based compensation already indicates that the method is associated with a computational mesh. In particular, in its basic version, it is linked to a specific mesh that must be kept identical during all iteration steps. This requirement is not always compatible with commercial simulation tools for injection molding, which enforce automatic remeshing between simulations. We present an interpolation method that allows to handle changing meshes and illustrate the method with two practical examples.
More than rapid identification—Free plant identification apps can also be highly accurate
Authors: Rzanny Michael , Bebber Anke , Wittich Hans Christian , Fritz Alice , Boho David , Mäder Patrick , Wäldchen Jana 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Hart et al. (2023) conducted a study to evaluate the accuracy of five plant identification apps based on snapshot images as used in practice by field ecologists. Their results revealed varying accuracies per app, ranging from 86.9% to 46.4%. We explore the reasons why apps failed to deliver the expected result.

We re‐evaluated the image dataset using another plant identification app (Flora Incognita) in order to understand the discrepancies between ground truth and app predictions. We found that mismatches between the given and returned labels can arise due to incorrect app prediction, incorrect ground truth, multiple species per image or taxonomical inconsistencies.

For some images depicting early developmental plant stages, the ground truth could not be verified, resulting in some cases where both the ground truth and the app predictions could neither be confirmed nor refuted. After accounting for these aspects, Flora Incognita reached an accuracy of 98.8% on the same image dataset.

Our results highlight the untapped potential of plant ID apps, as they can be highly accurate. As shown here, one area of application could be spotting misidentifications in scientific image collections, especially if multiple apps disagree with the given label.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Oral history methods can reveal drivers of landscape transformation: Understanding land‐use legacies with local and traditional knowledge in Central Europe
Authors: Biró Marianna , Molnár Krisztina , Öllerer Kinga , Szilágyi Réka , Babai Dániel , Molnár Csaba , Molnár Zsolt 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Ecosystems and landscapes shaped by the intricate relationship between people and their natural environment embody the impact of many different past land‐use practices and historical events. However, in some regions, classical historical records of landscape change do not exist or are insufficiently detailed. Local communities' ecological memory can play an important role in filling this gap by reconstructing the socio‐ecologically relevant indirect drivers and their interactions, as well as identifying vegetation characteristics that are legacies of previous land‐use practices.

We studied a rapidly transforming cultural landscape in Transylvania (Romania) by conducting 144 oral history interviews covering the last 70 years (before, during and after collective farming).

The interviews revealed complex interactions of indirect drivers. Country‐scale political and economic changes affected the landscape with crop outflow during the collective system (1962–1989), resulting in labour outflow to cities from the 1960s. The latter reduced the time and attention devoted to haymaking and affected population ageing. Together with other drivers, this demographic change led to a major transformation of the traditional landscape by the 2010s. We identified 47 vegetation characteristics as land‐use legacies related to grasslands and classified them into general legacy types.

Our results support that there was an opportunity to innovatively revive the traditional cultural landscape after the fall of communism, when local knowledge, and willingness to manage the landscape were still present, but financial assets and government support were lacking. The indirect driver interactions led to the abandonment of traditional hay meadow management, resulting in a homogenising landscape with simplified land use dominated by sheep grazing and increasingly dependent on agricultural subsidies.

We found that many vegetation characteristics of the studied species‐rich grasslands are only legacies of former land‐use activities, still known by locals but no longer applied. By creating knowledge partnerships, we can still learn about the past management and the functioning of such biodiversity‐rich cultural landscapes from the people who actively maintained them. We argue that this type of knowledge is essential to revive and adapt practices for protecting and managing species‐rich habitats across European cultural landscapes and for supporting the planning of appropriate conservation management and subsidy schemes.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Sex differences in LDL‐C reduction response to evolocumab: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: He Ye‐Qian , Wei Yu‐Qing , Huang Guang‐Ming , Liu Guo‐Ping , Lin Zhong‐Qiu , Liu Tao‐Tao , Jiang Xia , Lu Jie‐Jiu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundProprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) have been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes by reducing low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C). However, sex differences in the efficacy of evolocumab remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate sex differences in the efficacy of evolocumab using real‐world data.MethodData were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University. A total of 416 eligible patients were selected from 1463 patients treated with evolocumab for secondary prevention. Clinical data, including individual characteristics and lipids profiles, were recorded. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to control for potential confounders, with covariates including age, body mass index, smoking status, and diabetes. All eligible participants were propensity‐matched 1:1 for female versus male with a match tolerance of 0.02. The efficacy of evolocumab in females and males was compared by PSM‐adjusted analysis.ResultsIn the PSM analysis, a significant difference was found in the relative percentage reduction of LDL‐C between females and males (−42.7% vs. −54.4%, p < 0.001). In addition, the absolute LDL‐C reduction was lower in females compared to males (interquartile range: −1.5 [−2.2, −0.8] mmol/L vs. −1.9 [−2.5, −1.0] mmol/L, p = 0.018). The rate of target LDL‐C attainment was lower in females than in males after treatment with evolocumab (21.6% vs. 39.8%, p = 0.009).ConclusionThese results suggest that males have a better response to evolocumab in term of LDL‐C reduction compared to females.
The Clinical Concurrence of Migraine and Transient Global Amnesia: Case Series of ‘Migramnesia’?
Authors: Fratalia Lauren , Larner Andrew J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTComplaint of transient impairment or loss of memory as an attendant feature in some migraine attacks has long been recognised. In some cases, migraine may be a trigger or precipitating factor for the syndrome of transient global amnesia (TGA); however, the exact frequency of this concurrence is unknown. Here, the authors present three cases of TGA in the context of migraine headache, consider possible reasons why this concurrence might be under‐recognised, review possible shared pathogenetic mechanisms and suggest a new terminology—‘migramnesia’—which may encourage clinicians to address the possible significance of migraine in the context of an episode of TGA.
An efficient surrogate model for system reliability with multiple failure modes
Authors: Xu Zhaohui , Gao Lining , Wang Shinian , Cui Yi , Qiao Xinqi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe failure modes of complex systems are often highly dependent. Aiming at the reliability analysis of engineering systems with multiple failure modes, an efficient surrogate model for system reliability with multiple failure modes is proposed, namely, the Copula Adaptive Kriging surrogate model (CAKSM). First, the initial Kriging model is established based on the initial samples. In order to select more effective added samples to update the Kriging model, a new learning function, namely, Copula Unites with Expected Improvement Function (CUEIF), is established. The function can make a reasonable sample selection by considering the failure correlation. Then, based on the optimal Copula function, the reliability data of each failure mode are coupled and analyzed. In order to adapt to various computing scales, regularization is introduced to improve the prediction speed of the surrogate model, and the probability density function of each performance function is obtained by introducing nonparametric kernel density estimation. Finally, the effectiveness of the CAKSM method and the learning function CUEIF is verified through four examples.
Bioremediation Using Fruit Waste to Remove Lead From Water
Authors: González‐Guadarrama María de Jesús , Armienta‐ Hernández María Aurora 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe application of biomaterials in the remediation of contaminated water requires studies that support their use, involving physical, chemical, and/or biological treatments. This study aimed to physicochemically characterize the adsorption process of biomaterials created from orange peels, tamarind seeds, and avocado seeds when they interact with lead to remove it from water. Additionally, we compared the adsorption efficiency between materials subjected to physical processes and chemical processes (polymerized with polyanilines). Our results indicate that orange peel is the best option for Pb(II) concentrations lower than 100 mg L−1, whereas avocado seeds offer better adsorption results for higher concentrations, followed by tamarind seeds. The results show that Freundlich isotherms best describe the adsorption process. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectra indicate that chemisorption is the dominant mechanism. This is supported by comparing the adsorption capacity of the biomaterial with that of the biomaterial polymerized with polyanilines; this process reduces adsorption by up to 40% due to the diminution of active sites. The optimal pH for orange peel and tamarind seeds is 4.5, whereas for avocado it is 6.0, which coincides with the pKa of carboxyl groups. The infrared spectra suggest that the interaction occurs in the carboxyl groups.
Adaptive Predefined‐Time Fuzzy Control for Nonlinear Systems Subject to Unknown Control Direction and Mismatched Disturbances Based on Command Filter Technique
Authors: Jiang Yaling , Su Yakun , Wang Huanqing 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis article proposes an adaptive predefined‐time event triggered fuzzy tracking control strategy for strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with unknown control direction and mismatched disturbances by applying command filters. The Nussbaum‐type function is employed to tackle the unknown control direction problem, and the fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are applied to model the nonlinear functions. And then, command filters are adopted to deal with the problems of complexity explosion, and the event‐triggered technique is exploited to conserve communication resources. With the help of backstepping mechanism and predefined‐time stability theory, the constructed adaptive control scheme is proposed to ensure all signals in the closed‐loop system are bounded and that the tracking error converges to a residual set. Finally, a simulation example proves the validity of presented control mechanism.
Advancing effective methods for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields
Authors: Yadav Shubh Pravat Singh , Ghimire Netra Prasad , Paudel Prava , Mehata Dipesh Kumar , Bhujel Sangita 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe implications of global warming present significant threats to both crop productivity and environmental sustainability. The global population greatly depends on rice as a staple food, contributing significantly to global warming and agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Agricultural soils play a crucial role in the release and uptake of essential GHGs, including methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2), serving as both sources and sinks within the agricultural ecosystem. Notably, rice fields alone account for approximately 30% and 11% of global CH4 and N2O emissions from agricultural activities, respectively. As the demand for rice is expected to rise in the future, it becomes increasingly critical to address GHG emissions and minimise the detrimental environmental effects associated with rice production. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the available data regarding the influence of different crop management practices on GHG emissions in rice fields. We recognise the substantial potential for reducing GHG emissions through modifications in traditional crop management systems. Our analysis evaluates various options, such as adjustments in cropping practices, regulation of organic and fertiliser inputs, management of tillage techniques and irrigation strategies, and the selection of suitable cultivars, all of which can contribute to GHG emission reduction. It is crucial to consider that changes in management practices may have simultaneous and sometimes contradictory effects on different gases through various mechanisms. Therefore, our comprehensive evaluation aims to assess the potential global warming impact of each approach, considering the magnitude of their effects on all gases. This assessment seeks to identify suitable crop management practices that effectively reduce GHG emissions in rice cultivation while considering the overall environmental impact.
“I don't think I can help you anymore.” Sex workers' experiences of accessing mental health services in Ireland
Authors: Ryan Paul , McGarry Kathryn , Leacy Becky , Leahy Patricia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper is based on a study funded by the National Office for Suicide Prevention (NOSP), exploring sex worker mental health through a qualitative study of eighteen sex workers living and working in the Republic of Ireland and with participants from service provider organizations. This paper utilizes and adapts the concept of minority stress to explain how it is the social world that contributes to difficulties in managing mental health, not just for the LGBTQ+ community but explicitly for sex workers, through intersectional stigma and discrimination. Ireland introduced the Criminal Law Amendment Act (2017) based on the Nordic model of client criminalization, which sought to prosecute those that purchase sex while reducing the legal culpability of sex workers. The paper explores how the mental health of sex workers living and working under the law is impacted and the difficulties negotiating access to mental health services once participants disclose their sex work.