bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification Des Troubles Du Comportement Des Adolescents Et Données Électroencéphalographiques
Authors: Müller H. F. , Shamsie S. J. 
Published: April 2017

Seventy-eight teenage girls who were admitted to. the Adolescent Service of Douglas Hospital for behaviour disturbances were classified according to the diagnostic groups proposed by Jenkins. They underwent EEG. examinations, and their EEG. characteristics were statistically compared with the clinical features. The main results were that the ‘over-inhibited’ girls showed more fast activity in temporal areas, a stronger reaction to eye opening and more positive spikes during chlorpromazine-induced sleep than the others; the ‘unsocialized aggressive’ patients had a larger amount of generalized slow activity and a greater difference between the occipital and temporal peak frequencies than the others. The ‘socialized aggressive’ group finally had more normal and better regulated EEG.s than the other two groups. These results are generally plausible when related to the personality characteristics of these patients. It appears therefore that Jenkins' groups represent biological as well as psychosocial syndromes, in which certain types of electrical brain activity indicate predispositions to certain types of behaviour, and perhaps also vulnerabilities to certain types of environmental pathology.
Public School Special Classes for Disturbed Children
Authors: Asselstine J. L. 
Published: April 2017

Segregated classes in public school systems for emotionally disturbed children have had an increasing vogue in the recent past. There is evidence to suggest that special classes are not the most effective or practical way to meet the needs of school-age children who are having serious difficulties in the regular school system because of behavioural handicaps. A Special Placement Class for emotionally disturbed children which operated in the Winnipeg City Schools for a period of twelve years is referred to as a case in point. It is suggested that a special class may try to provide for two general groups of disturbed children. There are those who could be registered in regular school classes provided individual or small group instruction is made available in the same school for the core subjects. Adequate child guidance clinic services would be required to meet the consultant needs of the school personnel as well as the treatment needs of the child. A segregated special class may fail to meet the educational and therapeutic needs of these children to a comparable degree. The second group are those children who basically require medical care. They should receive their schooling as part of the program of a comprehensive psychiatric centre for children. Their academic work should be given in individual or very small group tutoring sessions. For these children a special class in the regular school is an attempt to provide a day-care program without the necessary facilities.
Neuroleptiques Et Effets Extra-Pyramidaux: Correlation Entre Les Proprietes Antipsychotiques Et Extra-Pyramidales
Authors: Tetreault LÉon , Filotto Jean , Bordeleau Jean-Marc 
Published: April 2017

Data obtained in two comparative controlled studies of neuroleptics were used to ascertain if there were some correlation between the degree of improvement in the mental state and the severity of extrapyramidal symptoms induced in patients receiving one or other of the following neuroleptics: trifluperidol, trifluoperazine, T.P.S.-23 and chlorpromazine. In this study patients are used as experimental units. For each trial, the importance of psychiatric symptoms has been measured with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the neurological syndrome with the “Bilan extra-pyramidal” (Extrapyramidal Rating Scale). It has been impossible to find a correlation between the antipsychotic and extrapyramidal-inducing properties of the neuroleptics we have studied.
Essai Clinique De La Mesoridazine (TPS-23) Chez Des Patients Psychotiques
Authors: Marquis P.-A. , Bury J.-A. , Pomerleau Guy 
Published: April 2017

Mesoridazine (TPS-23), a derivative of thioridazine, has been tried on twenty male psychotic patients with doses varying from 125 to 600 mg per day for a period of about two months. Modified BPRS and global clinical impression were our basis for evaluation of results. The improvement consisted mainly in a reduction of anxiety and symptoms related to it, particularly affective participation to delusions, also better attitude of the patient to his interviewers and other patients, considering that the most distinct symptoms of schizophrenic dissociation were not affected. Secondary effects were frequent, but moderate; frequency of extra-pyramidal effects impressed us, contrarily to most preceding researches.N.B.—Among twenty patients treated, ten had been receiving a neuroleptic medication for ten years without noticeable improvement.
Impressions Psychiatriques D'Un Sejour a Dakar
Authors: Ellenberger H. F. 
Published: April 2017

The author relates some impressions drawn from a two-week sojourn in Dakar, Senegal, on the occasion of the Second Pan-African Psychiatric Conference. One much discussed problem was whether there exists an 'African psychopathology'. The consensus was that the basic pathogenic factors are the same among mankind, but that culturally determined pathoplastic factors determine the symptomatology of reactive conditions and neuroses, as well as the themes of hallucinations and delusions. A more difficult problem was to explain the great frequency, in Senegal, of what French clinicians call the bouffées délirantes (a condition somewhat similar to acute paranoid schizophrenia). Socio-cultural hypotheses were proposed by professor H. Collomb and his associates. Professor Collomb and the psychiatric group in Dakar-Fann have made a special study of the African techniques of psychotherapy, and devised a kind of group therapy which combines African traditions with modern Western experiences. Some of the difficulties met by the European psychiatrists working in an African setting are recounted. The author also gives an account of his visit to the Dakar jails and reform institutions and of the type of criminality met in a developing country. The paper is concluded with a description of the Nit-ku-bon child; in certain families one of the children is considered a 'marvelous child', he is supposed to be possessed by a spirit or to be the reincarnation of an ancestor, and as such he enjoys special privileges, though the attitude of the family toward him is mostly ambivalent. The author had the opportunity of examining a Nit-ku-bon child, and feels that this child would fit into our category of 'early autism'.
A Critical Appraisal of Some Aspects of Outpatient Care
Authors: Hirsch Solomon , Rosenberg Edwin M. , Hirsch Doris 
Published: April 2017

The literature describing the development of community psychiatry is briefly reviewed with special emphasis on the application of its ideas to the lower socio-economic group. Characteristics of lower class patients are described with some specific problems inherent in their outpatient care. A home visiting program is briefly described. Situational factors and personal characteristics of lower class patients are considered to be more important in affecting therapy unfavourably than are biases in the therapist and communication problems.
ÉTude Comparative De L'énanthate De Fluphénazine, Du Bichlorhydrate De Fluphénazine Et Du Placebo Chez Le Schizophrène Chronique
Authors: Tetreault Léon , Bordeleau Jean-Marc , Albert Jean-Marie , Rajotte Paul 
Published: April 2017

A comparative study of fluphénazine enanthate, a long-acting neuroleptic, fluphénazine bichlorhydrate and placebo was made on 28 chronic schizophrenics. The double-blind technique was possible by giving to the patients one of the three following treatments: the long-acting neuroleptic by injection every fortnight and placebo tablets daily, the standard neuroleptic (tablets) daily and regular injection of sesame oil or the two inactive substances in a similar way. Dosage of fluphénazine enanthate was 25, 50 or 75 mg every fortnight and of bichlorhydrate 10, 20 or 30 mg. daily after a fixed schedule. Antipsychotic action of the drugs was evaluated according to three types of measures: 1) IMPS; 2) NOSIE and 3) need for chlorpromazine given p.r.n. (indirect measure). Results of this study indicate that both fluphénazine salts are superior to placebo and possess significant antipsychotic properties as demonstrated by the indirect measure. No significant difference was found between enanthate and bichlorhydrate of fluphénazine. Some methodological aspects of psychopharmacological research are also discussed.
Chemotherapy in Aged Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Lehmann H. E. , Ban T. A. 
Published: April 2017

The psychopathology of organic brain syndromes and functional psychiatric disorders in the aged has been outlined, and the various specific and non-specific physical therapies for psychiatric disorders occurring in this age group have been discussed. The indications for electroconvulsive therapy are restricted to depressions, particularly first and acute depressions in this population. Various drug therapies are successfully employed in numerous geriatric conditions. Pharmacotherapy is discussed under six headings: Substitution or replacement therapy —whenever there is a break-down of metabolic processes due to deficiency of an important factor in the complex chain of metabolism; Anticoagulants and Vasodilators — when there is sufficient evidence to believe that decreased brain metabolism plays an important role in the causation of impaired behavioural functioning and inertness; Sedatives (minor tranquillizers) — to control restlessness, tension, anxiety and insomnia; Neuroleptics (major tranquillizers) — for the treatment of psychotic symptoms, e.g. hallucinations, delusions and manneristic behaviour; and Anti-depressants — for the treatment of various depressions. It must be remembered that the general indications for these treatments are the same in geriatric as in younger patients, but the geriatric patient is often more sensitive to drugs and to the side effects they may produce.
La Psychiatrie Infantile Au Canada
Authors: Lazure Denis 
Published: April 2017

The author reports on a recent nationwide survey concerning various aspects of child psychiatry in Canada: services, manpower, training and research. Only 150 (out of 1500) psychiatrists devote most of their clinical time and interest to children: the scarcity of manpower and services is found to be more serious for young patients than for adults. Child psychiatry is a well-recognized specialty in the U.S.A. and in most European countries, with its own training requirements and certification criteria. The Canadian Psychiatric Association has endorsed the proposal of its own Section on Child Psychiatry and Mental Retardation, that child psychiatry be considered by the various accreditating bodies (for example The Royal College of Physicians) as a sub-specialty with its own certification mechanisms. Most areas of Canada are now in a position to provide very adequate training in child psychiatry and the present number of annual graduates (25) could easily be increased if an official status and recognition could be granted to those colleagues whose careers will be dedicated to the care of children. Canadian child psychiatrists form a rather eclectic and heterogeneous group as their sources of training have been quite diversified including mainly the academic centres of three countries: U.S.A., Great Britain and France. Such a diversity has proved to be beneficial and has contributed to the dynamic development of this sub-group (if not, sub-specialty) among our psychiatric fraternity.
Variables Affecting Wolpean Systematic Desensitization
Authors: Jameson John S. , Vernon Penny 
Published: April 2017

Many variables influence the treatment course and outcome of desensitization under relaxation. 1) Relaxation is a significant aspect of desensitization. The optimum degree of relaxation necessary to this technique is unknown. 2) Hypnosis and suggestibility play a nebulous role, influencing speed of progress, relaxation and imagery. 3) The ability to evoke anxiety to imagined stimuli is essential to in vitro desensitization. 4) Interview-induced emotional responses, although demonstrated to have a significant affect upon desensitization, are not essential. 5) Interpretation, confrontation and insight are not significant aspects of psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. 6) Patients with a history of a conditioning process, a specific stimulus antecendent for anxiety and minimal free-floating anxiety, benefit most from desensitization. 7) The positive influence an understanding of the reciprocal inhibition theory has on patients' motivation, attitude and expectancy may be related to primary suggestibility.
Consideration Dynamique De La Formation Et De L'adaptation D'une Equipe Psychiatrique Multidisciplinaire*
Authors: Solomon Martin L. , Morel-Navon Annemarie , Laflamme Louise 
Published: April 2017

This paper presents an analysis of group formation and adaptation in a multidisciplinary psychiatric team, working in the Child Psychiatry Out-patient Services of Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal. The team is examined within the framework of small group theory. Emphasis is placed on the double orientation of work groups — goal achievement and adaptation to external demands (adaptive-instrumental problems), and internal integration and the expression of emotional tensions (integrative - expressive problems). There follows a description of the team, the community it serves and the political superstructure, as well as a statement of team policy for Community Psychiatry. The team's experiences, leading to its maturation as a cohesive unit, are reported in terms of its oscillation between community-oriented activity and team-oriented activity, the differentiation of roles and the delineation of a power struggle. The sequence of team integration, important aspects of the team leader's role, and a consideration of team equilibrium are presented in the discussion. It is postulated that flexibility of informal role behaviour results in a continuing dialogue which is essential for the resolution of conflicts and the working through of the many paradoxes inherent in multidisciplinary teams.
Psychodynamics of Interethnic Marriage
Authors: Saucier Jean-Francois 
Published: April 2017

A short review of the literature on motivations for intermarriage is presented, stressing the fact that the most recent papers, by Beigel and Lehrman, had the advantage studying a large number of cases. The present investigation, besides having obtained a series of fifteen white, Catholic, English Canadian — French Canadian intermarried neurotic couples in the Montreal area, has also studied a control group of homogamous white, Catholic, all French Canadian couples. When the frequency of five basic motivations to marry was tested in both groups, no significant difference was found. However, it was discovered that significantly more intermarried subjects had been raised in a family where the father was weak and the mother was strikingly domineering concerning the decisions to be taken at home and the discipline of children. Moreover, more females than males were found mentally sick in the heterogamous group, and more females in the same group were having severe difficulties with their own children. A few of these women had a compulsion to intermarry in early adolescence. Finally, a psychodynamic picture of the intermarried females is given, stressing their deep pregenital conflict with their domineering mother, the stimulation and later the repression of an incestuous attraction towards their father, their severe problem of identification with the feminine and the maternal roles, the searching in late adolescence for an ideal mate outside their own ethnic group to escape from an intolerable conflict with their mother, the later disillusionment with their husbands after marriage and their severe difficulties in the performance of the maternal role with their children. The reader is reminded that this picture is obtained in mentally disturbed intermarried subjects, and cannot be applied to other persons.
Le Devenir de la Recherche Psychiatrique
Authors: Bordeleau Jean-Marc 
Published: April 2017

Ten years ago, Professor Cleghorn wrote a paper about the hazards and hindrances in psychiatric research. Are we now entitled to state that the situation has greatly improved? The future of psychiatric research can only parallel the development of psychiatry itself. As in any other specialty of medicine, teaching, clinical work and research are but three aspects of the same goal; one must not be overemphasized to the detriment of the other. Before Freud, psychiatry was mainly a description of clinical observations; after Freud the stress was put upon dynamic psychopathology, thus creating a gap between neurological sciences and psychiatry. Social psychiatry and institutional psychotherapy, two offspring of the psychoanalytic movement, are now becoming predominant. These new trends, made possible by psychopharmacology, call for multi-disciplinary teams of ‘human’ scientists. In so doing, the distance from classical medicine widens and one wonders if some day there will not be a complete separation. Although the separation is not desirable, if it ever happens, psychiatric research will become essential to preserve clinical traditions.
Some Approaches to the Evaluation of Milieu Therapy
Authors: Lewis David J. , Beck P. R. , King Hinda , Stephen Lyn 
Published: April 2017

Milieu therapy is an increasingly popular approach to the treatment of psychiatric patients and a model of general application. It places emphasis on social and group interaction, on the sharing of responsibility and decision-making, on the freeing of communication on both vertical and horizontal planes and on dealing with the realities of the here-and-now. Its introduction has been accompanied by considerable enthusiasm and a sense of ‘rightness’ which parallel the existence of comparable movements in society as a whole. Partly because of this fervour, and mainly because of the methodological problems involved, intensive scientific evaluation of this mode of therapy has been difficult, though necessary. This paper describes the beginnings of a number of ongoing multidisciplinary studies, conducted on six wards in three institutions - the purpose being to provide a definition of milieu therapy, to describe its methods and objectives and to establish means of evaluation. The broad areas of the research project are: a statistical review of patients discharged before and following the adoption of milieu therapy; an in-depth analysis of the structure and functions of each of the units in the research setting; and a comparative study of the process and thera. peutic results of the six wards including two wards of other collaborating hospitals. Several constituent pilot projects have been reviewed. The advantages of an ongoing inhospital research consortium are discussed, and it is suggested that every sizeable unit should have one in the interests of the assessment of service. All that may be required is the mobilization of already existing personnel and volunteers, summer students and petty funds.
Implications of Recent Dream Research
Authors: Jameson J. S. , Salvendy J. T. 
Published: April 2017

This paper indicates the relevance of recent dream research findings to some of Freud's psychoanalytic contentions on dreaming. The historical development in this field is reviewed, along with recent pertinent laboratory findings. Theories concerning the nature of sleep and experimental work on this are discussed. Some characteristics of the REM and NREM states, along with the phenomena of dream deprivation, have been critically evaluated. The present theories of the biology of dreaming are analysed. Finally, the significance of dream research findings to pertinent psychoanalytic concepts has been examined. Although the research findings partly negate some of Freud's theories about the function and mechanism of dreams, they have not entirely disproved his understanding of the dream work and its relevance to the latent and manifest dream content.
Object Concept and Object Relations in Childhood Psychosis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gratton L. 
Published: April 2017

The two master theories of human development, the Freudian and Piagetan, have evolved in parallel fashion without ever meeting. The advent of ‘ego metapsychology’ brought the two systems closer together, to be finally correlated by Anthony, Wolff, et al. The role of the mother is primordial in both cognitive and psychoanalytic systems. As already shown experimentally by Gouin-Décarie the two systems are interconnected in that a failure or fixation in the libidinal development is accompanied by an ‘adherence’ in the cognitive sphere. The aim of this pilot study was to verify the hypothesis that any condition accompanied or caused by a severe disturbance in the mother-child relationship will result in severe mental retardation or arrest in cognitive development within the sensorio-motor stage. The sample was composed of twenty randomly selected children (age range: 3 to 9 years), divided into a psychotic sub-group and a non-psychotic one, the latter serving as control. These children were attending the Pride of Judea Day School in New York City. All had a complete psychiatric and psychological evaluation, plus a detailed developmental history, carried out independently of this research. The Piagetan Test of Sensorio-Motor development elaborated by Gouin-Décarie was administered to both groups. The results showed that an ‘adherence’ of cognitive development to the sensorio motor stage was positively correlated with Early Infantile Autism and Mental Retardation. In order to further clarify this correlation the subjects' early development in their first two years of life was scrutinized using a check list of autistic signs. A statistically highly significant correlation could then be established between the arrest of cognitive development in the sensorio motor stage and an autistic type of development within the first two years of life, irrespective of diagnosis. In view of these findings it seems pointless to apply interpretative psychotherapies to these children or to submit them to standard kindergarten techniques when they lack the very rudiments for abstract thinking.
A Controlled Study of the Aversion Relief Treatment of Phobias
Authors: Solyom L. , Heseltine G. , Mcclure D. J. , Ledwidge B. , Kenny F. 
Published: April 2017

The first two parts of a long-term study to clarify the mechanism of action, the effectiveness and the indications for the aversion relief treatment of phobias are reported. Aversion relief, therapy was first compared with a pseudoconditioning technique. After twelve hours of aversion relief treatment, phobias, depressive and obsessive symptoms were significantly improved according to psychiatrists' assessment and there was also a significant reduction in scores on the Wolpe-Lang Fear Survey Schedule (FSS). Improvements following pseudoconditioning were non-significant. However, differences between the two groups did not reach significance. A comparison of the effect of twenty-five aversion relief therapy hours with twenty-five hours of systematic desensitization revealed no significant difference between the groups. Significant differences after twelve and twenty-five therapy hours were noted in the psychiatrists' and self-rating of phobias for the Aversion Relief Group and in the psychiatrists' rating of phobias on the FSS scores of the Systematic Desensitization Group. Extinction, transference and experimenter bias are discussed as therapeutically active alternatives to the reciprocal inhibition concept.