bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy prevention at her fingertips: A text- and mobile video–based pilot intervention to promote contraceptive methods among college women
Authors: Walsh-Buhi Eric R. , Helmy Hannah , Harsch Kristin , Rella Natalie , Godcharles Cheryl , Ogunrunde Adejoke , Lopez Castillo Humberto 
Published: January 2016

Objective: This paper reports on a pilot study evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of a text- and mobile video–based intervention to educate women and men attending college about non-daily contraception, with a particular focus on long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). A secondary objective is to describe the process of intervention development. Setting: Participants included undergraduate students attending a large urban US university between September and November 2011. Design: Using a participatory research strategy, investigators developed, delivered and evaluated a pilot mobile intervention using a texting interface, mobile videos and a contraceptive provider directory. Method: Descriptive statistics summarise the data collected from daily text-in analytics and web-based survey responses. Results: The texting interface received 1,203 visits; mobile videos were accessed 446 times. The provider directory was used by 10% of participants. Survey respondents’ ( N = 82) motivation for choosing non-daily contraception included cost (57%), side effects (55%), effectiveness (55%) and low recall effort (23%). Most participants (88%) would/might recommend these methods to others. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that text- and mobile video–based modalities are appropriate and feasible to deliver contraceptive education to college students. There is a critical opportunity to reach large numbers of potential users through mobile health (mHealth) interventions to disseminate accurate information and link to healthcare services.
Do Tele-Operators Learn to Better Judge Whether a Robot Can Pass Through an Aperture?
Authors: Schmidlin Elizabeth A. , Jones Keith S. 
Published: January 2016

Objective: This experiment examined whether tele-operators learn to better judge a robot’s ability to pass through an aperture, hereafter referred to as pass-ability judgments, and detailed the nature of such learning. Background: Jones, Johnson, and Schmidlin reported that tele-operators’ pass-ability judgments did not improve over the course of their experiment, which was surprising. Method: In each of seven blocks, tele-operators made pass-ability judgments about 10 apertures whose width varied. During each trial, participants drove the robot toward the aperture, answered yes or no to whether it could pass through that aperture, and then attempted to drive the robot through the aperture. Pass-ability judgments were analyzed in terms of percentage correct and absolute thresholds; the latter mimicked how Jones et al. analyzed their data. Results: Learning was revealed when judgments were analyzed in terms of percentage correct and not when analyzed in terms of absolute thresholds. Further analyses revealed that tele-operators only improved their pass-ability judgments for impassable apertures, and tele-operators’ perceptual sensitivity and response bias changed over the course of the experiment. Conclusion: The percentage correct–based analyses revealed that tele-operators learned to make better pass-ability judgments. Jones et al.’s decision to analyze their data in terms of absolute thresholds obscured learning. Application: The present results suggested that researchers should employ percentage correct when studying learning in this domain, training protocols should focus on improving tele-operators’ abilities to judge the pass-ability of impassable apertures, and tele-operators truly learned to better discriminate passable and impassable apertures.
Individual Markers of Resilience in Train Traffic Control
Authors: Lo Julia C. , Pluyter Kari R. , Meijer Sebastiaan A. 
Published: January 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine individual markers of resilience and obtain quantitative insights into the understanding and the implications of variation and expertise levels in train traffic operators’ goals and strategic mental models and their impact on performance. Background: The Dutch railways are one of the world’s most heavy utilized railway networks and have been identified to be weak in system and organizational resilience. Method: Twenty-two train traffic controllers enacted two scenarios in a human-in-the-loop simulator. Their experience, goals, strategic mental models, and performance were assessed through questionnaires and simulator logs. Goals were operationalized through performance indicators and strategic mental models through train completion strategies. Results: A variation was found between operators for both self-reported primary performance indicators and completion strategies. Further, the primary goal of only 14% of the operators reflected the primary organizational goal (i.e., arrival punctuality). An incongruence was also found between train traffic controllers’ self-reported performance indicators and objective performance in a more disrupted condition. The level of experience tends to affect performance differently. Conclusion: There is a gap between primary organizational goals and preferred individual goals. Further, the relative strong diversity in primary operator goals and strategic mental models indicates weak resilience at the individual level. Application: With recent and upcoming large-scale changes throughout the sociotechnical space of the railway infrastructure organization, the findings are useful to facilitate future railway traffic control and the development of a resilient system.
‘We don’t have to go and see a special person to solve this problem’: Trauma, mental health beliefs and processes for addressing ‘mental health issues’ among Sudanese refugees in Australia
Authors: Savic Michael , Chur-Hansen Anna , Mahmood Mohammad Afzal , Moore Vivienne M 
Published: January 2016

Background: The impact of trauma on refugee mental health has been a particular focal point for research and treatment in Western contexts, despite uncertainty about the degree to which this corresponds with refugees’ needs, mental health beliefs and healing mechanisms. Aims: This study explored the mental health beliefs of resettling Sudanese refugees in Australia. Methods: In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with Sudanese community representatives and with a range of health and social work professionals who were not necessarily Sudanese. Results: The concept of trauma was not universally considered to be salient for Sudanese refugees. Key informants, especially those in refugee-oriented services, emphasised stoicism and a desire to move forward and questioned the appropriateness of Western psychological therapies. Processes that exist within the family and the Sudanese community to deal with stressors like loss, grief and social isolation were explained. Conclusion: Dialogue between services and community members is needed to ensure responses to refugee mental health are sensitive to the diversity of needs and mental health beliefs of refugees. This will enable workers to ascertain how individual refugees understand their experiences of distress or sadness and to determine whether community strategies and/or professional responses are appropriate.
A population study of public stigma about psychosis and its contributing factors among Chinese population in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Sherry Kit Wa , Tam Wendy Wan Yee , Lee Kit Wai , Hui Christy Lai Ming , Chang Wing Chung , Lee Edwin Ho Ming , Chen Eric Yu Hai 
Published: January 2016

Purpose: Public stigma is an important barrier to the recovery of patients with psychosis. This study aimed to explore public stigma associated with a newly adopted Chinese name for psychosis ‘si-jue-shi-tiao’ in a representative Chinese population in Hong Kong, focusing on factors contributing to public stigma. Exposure to mass media and its relationship with the stigma were explored in detail. Methods: Random telephone survey of general population in Hong Kong was conducted. Information including basic demographics, psychosis literacy, recent news recall about psychosis and stigma, measured with the revised Link’s Perceived Discrimination-Devaluation Scale (LPDDS) were obtained. Univariate analysis of LPDDS score and demographic variables, news exposure, previous contacts with people with psychosis and knowledge about psychosis were conducted. Further hierarchical regression analysis was performed. Results: A total of 1,016 subjects were interviewed. The sample was comparable with the whole Hong Kong population aged 18 years and above. Those of female gender, with higher educational level and better knowledge about symptoms and treatment of psychosis had higher score of LPDDS. The model significantly explained 8.3% of variance of LPDDS score ( F(7, 895) = 12.606, p < .0001, p < .0001). The negative news recall had trend significance in the model. Conclusion: The finding suggested that discrimination among the general public against people with psychosis was still common. Specific strategies will need to be established in targeting media news reporting about psychosis, knowledge disseminating and needs of specific population. Further researches should be conducted to understand the mechanisms of the stigma development in relation to these factors so that more focused and effective strategies could be developed.
If a trauma patient is tachycardic, should we call for a counsellor?
Authors: Sutherland AG , Senthilkumaran S , Alexander DA , Hutchison JD 
Published: January 2016

Background It has been suggested in the literature that raised heart rate in the early period after trauma is associated with the development of post-traumatic psychopathology, but little account has been taken of the potential confounding effect of injury severity. Materials and methods A cohort of 154 patients, studied as part of a wider investigation of trauma outcomes, was included. Initial heart rate in the accident & emergency department, and injury severity score and new injury severity scores were recorded. Patients completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) as a measure of psychopathology at presentation and again at two- and six-month follow-up. Results There was no relationship between psychopathology at presentation and initial heart rate or injury severity. Raised heart rate was associated with post-traumatic psychopathology at two months but not at six months. When the potential confounding effect of injury severity was controlled for, there was no independent correlation between heart rate and post-traumatic psychopathology. Injury severity score and new injury severity scores were strongly associated with GHQ-28 caseness. Conclusion Post-traumatic tachycardia is not associated with development of psychopathology, but injury severity is. Previous studies that have suggested a link between tachycardia and development of psychopathology are flawed because they have not considered the confounding effect of severity of injury.
Long‐term Results of Endoscopically Assisted Pediatric Cholesteatoma Surgery
Authors: Sarcu David , Isaacson Glenn 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveRoutine endoscopic examination during primary surgery decreased the rate of residual cholesteatoma to 18% in our early experience. Based on this, we stopped performing routine second‐look surgery in children who were endoscopically free of cholesteatoma at the end of primary surgery. We sought to investigate if second‐look procedures after endoscopic‐assisted surgery could safely be performed only in children at a high risk of residual disease (extensive inflammation, spontaneously ruptured or fragmented cholesteatoma, residual disease intentionally left).Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary pediatric otolaryngology practice.Subjects and MethodsChildren aged 1 to 16 years who were treated for cholesteatoma over 15‐year period by a single surgeon. Extent of disease and endoscopic findings were compared with rates of residual disease. Time to diagnosis of residual disease and prognostic factors were analyzed.ResultsForty‐two children underwent endoscopically assisted middle ear surgery for cholesteatoma. Of 42 children, 7 (17%) had additional disease found by endoscopy that was missed by microscopy alone. Twelve children at high risk had second looks; 5 (42%) had residual disease. Of 30 children, 2 (7%) presented with macroscopically evident residual cholesteatoma after no planned second look on office follow‐up and subsequently underwent reoperation and were cured.ConclusionsSelective second‐look surgery in high‐risk children did not adversely affect outcome as compared with the low‐risk group. Cholesteatoma was identified endoscopically in 7 of 42 (17%) children thought to be microscopically free of disease at initial surgery. The endoscope may aid in visualization of difficult middle ear recesses when used to complement microscopy. Further investigation with multicenter data is needed.
A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the feasibility of the Wii Fit for improving walking in older adults with lower limb amputation
Authors: Imam Bita , Miller William C , Finlayson Heather , Eng Janice J , Jarus Tal 
Published: January 2016

Objective: To assess the feasibility of Wii.n.Walk for improving walking capacity in older adults with lower limb amputation. Design: A parallel, evaluator-blind randomized controlled feasibility trial. Setting: Community-living. Participants: Individuals who were ⩾50 years old with a unilateral lower limb amputation. Intervention: Wii.n.Walk consisted of Wii Fit training, 3x/week (40 minute sessions), for 4 weeks. Training started in the clinic in groups of 3 and graduated to unsupervised home training. Control group were trained using cognitive games. Main Measures: Feasibility indicators: trial process (recruitment, retention, participants’ perceived benefit from the Wii.n.Walk intervention measured by exit questionnaire), resources (adherence), management (participant processing, blinding), and treatment (adverse event, and Cohen’s d effect size and variance). Primary clinical outcome: walking capacity measured using the 2 Minute Walk Test at baseline, end of treatment, and 3-week retention. Results: Of 28 randomized participants, 24 completed the trial (12/arm). Median (range) age was 62.0 (50-78) years. Mean (SD) score for perceived benefit from the Wii.n.Walk intervention was 38.9/45 (6.8). Adherence was 83.4%. The effect sizes for the 2 Minute Walk Test were 0.5 (end of treatment) and 0.6 (3-week retention) based on intention to treat with imputed data; and 0.9 (end of treatment) and 1.2 (3-week retention) based on per protocol analysis. The required sample size for a future larger RCT was deemed to be 72 (36 per arm). Conclusions: The results suggested the feasibility of the Wii.n.Walk with a medium effect size for improving walking capacity. Future larger randomized controlled trials investigating efficacy are warranted.
PRECiS (Patient Reported Evaluation of Cognitive State): psychometric evaluation of a new patient reported outcome measure of the impact of stroke
Authors: Patchick Emma , Vail Andy , Wood Alison , Bowen Audrey 
Published: January 2016

Objective: Determine the psychometric properties of PRECiS (Patient Reported Evaluation of Cognitive State): A new patient-centred, patient reported outcome measure for perceived impact of cognitive problems, developed through qualitative work, systematic review and service user consultation. Design: An observational study exploring acceptability, internal consistency, construct validity, inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability, with opportunistic qualitative data on sensitivity to change. Setting: Home visits in the community. Participants: Stroke survivors with self-reported cognitive difficulties and informal carers. Measures: The 27 item PRECiS was self-completed with support, and proxy completed by informal carers. We collected descriptive cognitive screening test data, and measures of overall stroke impact, mood and activities of daily living to explore construct validity. Results: Data were collected from 159 (visit 1) and 66 (visit 2) stroke survivors and 86 informal carers. PRECiS showed good acceptability (no missing values or floor/ceiling effects, minimal skewness); high internal consistency (α = 0.94, indicative of potential redundancy); with moderate to strong construct correlations in the directions hypothesised (0.40 to 0.74). An intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.85 indicated good test-retest reliability. Where self-reported change had occurred from visit 1 to 2, PRECiS appeared sensitive. Using carers as proxy respondents is not supported by this analysis (inter-rater ICC = 0.43). Conclusions: PRECiS is a patient-centred, practical and reliable measure assessing perceived impact of cognitive problems from the unique perspective of stroke survivors.
Rapamycin rescues vascular, metabolic and learning deficits in apolipoprotein E4 transgenic mice with pre-symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Lin Ai-Ling , Jahrling Jordan B , Zhang Wei , DeRosa Nicholas , Bakshi Vikas , Romero Peter , Galvan Veronica , Richardson Arlan 
Published: January 2016

Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele is a common susceptibility gene for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Brain vascular and metabolic deficits can occur in cognitively normal apolipoprotein E ɛ4 carriers decades before the onset of Alzheimer's disease. The goal of this study was to determine whether early intervention using rapamycin could restore neurovascular and neurometabolic functions, and thus impede pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease-like symptoms in pre-symptomatic Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 transgenic mice. Using in vivo, multimodal neuroimaging, we found that apolipoprotein E ɛ4 mice treated with rapamycin had restored cerebral blood flow, blood–brain barrier integrity and glucose metabolism, compared to age- and gender-matched wild-type controls. The preserved vasculature and metabolism were associated with amelioration of incipient learning deficits. We also found that rapamycin restored the levels of the proinflammatory cyclophilin A in vasculature, which may contribute to the preservation of cerebrovascular function in the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 transgenics. Our results show that rapamycin improves functional outcomes in this mouse model and may have potential as an effective intervention to block progression of vascular, metabolic and early cognitive deficits in human Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 carriers. As rapamycin is FDA-approved and neuroimaging is readily used in humans, the results of the present study may provide the basis for future Alzheimer's disease intervention studies in human subjects.
Postintubation Hypotension in General Anesthesia
Authors: Green Robert S. , Butler Michael B. 
Published: January 2016

Background: Postintubation hypotension (PIH) is an adverse event associated with poor outcomes in emergency department endotracheal intubations. Study objective was to determine the incidence of PIH and its impact on outcomes following tracheal intubation in a general anesthesia population. Methods: Structured chart audit of adult patients intubated for a vascular surgery procedure at a tertiary care center over a 3-year period. Outcomes included in-hospital mortality, extended intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS), and requirement for postoperative (postop) hemodialysis or mechanical ventilation. Results: Incidence of PIH was 60% (837 of 1395). Patients who developed PIH had increased mortality (8.8% PIH vs 5.2% no-PIH; P = .014), extended ICU LOS (7.9% PIH vs 2.0% no-PIH; P < .001), and postop mechanical ventilation requirement (20.7% PIH vs 3.8% no-PIH; P < .001). When controlling for confounding factors, PIH was associated with extended ICU LOS (odds ratio [OR] 2.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-6.62, P = .049), postop ventilation (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.27-4.74, P = .008), and a composite end point (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.02-2.92, P = .043). Conclusions: Development of PIH occurs in 60% of patients undergoing intubation for vascular surgery and was associated with adverse outcomes including extended ICU LOS and postop ventilation requirement.
Analysis of Unplanned Postoperative Admissions to the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Quinn Timothy D. , Gabriel Rodney A. , Dutton Richard P. , Urman Richard D. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose: To investigate factors associated with unplanned postoperative admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Data from the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry (NACOR) were analyzed. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify patient- and surgery-specific characteristics associated with unplanned postoperative ICU admission. We also recorded the prevalence of Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision ( ICD-9) billing codes and outcomes for unplanned postoperative ICU admissions. Results: Of 23 341 130 records in the database, 2 910 738 records met our inclusion criteria. A higher American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA PS) class, case duration greater than 4 hours, and advanced age were associated with a greater likelihood of unplanned ICU admission. Vascular and thoracic surgery patients were more likely to have an unplanned ICU admission. The most common CPT and ICD-9 codes involved repair of femur/hip fracture, bowel resection, and acute postoperative pain. Large community hospitals were more likely than university hospitals to have unplanned postoperative ICU admissions. Patients in the unplanned postoperative ICU admission group were more likely to have experienced intraoperative cardiac arrest, hemodynamic instability, or respiratory failure and were more likely to die in the immediate perioperative period. Conclusion: Our study is the first diverse analysis of unplanned postoperative ICU admissions in the literature across multiple specialties and practice models. We found an association of advanced age, higher ASA PS class, and duration of procedure with unplanned ICU admission after surgery. Surgical specialties and procedures with the most unplanned ICU admissions could be areas for quality improvement and clinical pathways in the future.
Development of a cellular biosensor system for genotoxicity detection based on Trp53 promoter
Authors: Siqian L , Lei S , Ying L 
Published: January 2016

Objective: To develop a mouse cell biosensor system for the high-throughput genotoxicity detection of chemicals, such as environmental pollutants. Method: We developed a novel reporter vector pGL4-GFP, wherein the firefly luciferase reporter gene in the pGL4.82 vector was replaced by the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene from the pAcGFP1-N1 vector. To construct the reporter pGL4-p53-GFP (p53 promoter linked to GFP), a fragment containing the p53 gene promoter was generated by amplifying a region from −481 to +180 of mouse genomic DNA isolated from mouse tail tissue. We developed a mouse cell biosensor system for the high-throughput genotoxicity detection of new drugs by stably integrating the reporter plasmid of pGL4-p53-GFP into the mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Various genotoxic agents were used to treat this biosensor system. The resulting fluorescence was directly observed under a fluorescence microscope, and the GFP protein level was measured through Western blot analysis. Result: The biosensor system was treated with genotoxic agents, such as doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and benzo(a)pyrene. The GFP protein expression was significantly increased in cells exposed to genotoxic agents but negatively responded to the non-genotoxic agent dimethyl sulfoxide, thereby proving the specificity and sensitivity of the biosensor system. Conclusion: This novel in vitro biosensor system can be especially useful in genotoxicity detection.