bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Analytical Modeling of Finite-Length Homogonous Micro-Combustor for a Hydrogen-Oxygen Mixture with Wall Temperature Effects
Authors: Fanaee S. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper analytically investigates the reaction phenomenon in micro-combustors using a two-dimensional model. The length of micro-combustor is considered at finite length that makes a better physical model than other works. The micro-combustor medium is divided into three integral zones composed of preheat, reaction and post flame where the governing equations are solved using the matching conditions of neighboring zones. The reaction zone thickness is considered as a variable and predicted by an iterative solution. In order to validate the model, normalized magnitude of maximum temperature is compared with published computational data for different values of Peclet number that shows an acceptable agreement that confirms the accuracy of the predicted data. Since a higher wall temperature causes the reaction to be faster, increasing the normalized wall temperature will result to reduce reaction zone thickness.
Dynamic equilibrium and decelerating growth of a seasonal Neotropical gallery forest in the Brazilian savanna
Authors: Roitman Iris , Vanclay Jerome K. , Hay John D. , Felfili Jeanine M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:Describing and understanding growth patterns in tropical forests is crucial to assessing their role in carbon balance. Growth and vital rates of a protected gallery forest in central Brazil were estimated, based on six measurement intervals between 1985 and 2009. The sample consisted of all stems ≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height measured in 151 permanent plots (10 × 20 m), distributed in 10 transects perpendicular to the watercourse and 100 m apart from each other. Statistical significance of changes in density, basal area, growth and vital rates were tested using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Vital rates oscillated during the study period. Growth, recruitment and turnover rates fluctuated, but had a net decrease over the whole study period, whereas mortality seemed to be affected by a high disturbance event during the 1994–1999 period. The oscillatory behaviour of growth suggests that the forest is pulsating around a stable state (dynamic equilibrium). Nonetheless, persistence of decelerating growth trends may force the site's carrying capacity to a lower density or biomass state.
Maternal sensitivity and adrenocortical functioning across infancy and toddlerhood: Physiological adaptation to context?
Authors: Berry Daniel , Blair Clancy , Willoughby Michael , Granger Douglas A. , Mills-Koonce W. Roger ,   the Family Life Project Key Investigators
Published: April 2016

AbstractTheory suggests that early experiences may calibrate the “threshold activity” of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis in childhood. Particularly challengingorparticularly supportive environments are posited to manifest in heightened physiological sensitivity to context. Using longitudinal data from the Family Life Project (N= 1,292), we tested whether links between maternal sensitivity and hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis activity aligned with these predictions. Specifically, we tested whether the magnitude of the within-person relation between maternal sensitivity and children's cortisol levels, a proxy for physiological sensitivity to context, was especially pronounced for children who typically experienced particularly low or high levels of maternal sensitivity over time. Our results were consistent with these hypotheses. Between children, lower levels of mean maternal sensitivity (7–24 months) were associated with higher mean cortisol levels across this period (measured as a basal sample collected at each visit). However, the magnitude and direction of the within-person relation was contingent on children's average levels of maternal sensitivity over time. Increases in maternal sensitivity were associated with contemporaneous cortisol decreases for children with typically low-sensitive mothers, whereas sensitivity increases were associated with cortisol increases for children with typically high-sensitive mothers. No within-child effects were evident at moderate levels of maternal sensitivity.
Current attitudes and clinical practice towards the care of pregnant women with underlying CHD: a paediatric cardiology perspective
Authors: Cribbs Marc G. , Briston David A. , Zaidi Ali N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe growing number of women with CHD presents unique challenges, including those related to pregnancy, which can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. We sought to evaluate the perception of paediatric cardiologists towards the reproductive health of women with CHD.MethodsPaediatric cardiologists in the United States of America were invited to participate in a cross-sectional, anonymous survey. Information solicited included knowledge of contraceptive methods, experience caring for pregnant women with CHD, and referral patterns including the utilisation of high-risk obstetric and adult CHD specialists.ResultsA total of 110 cardiologists responded – 90% with an academic affiliation and 70% with ⩾10 years’ clinical experience. Although 95% reported an understanding of available contraceptive options, 32% did not feel comfortable recommending birth control. Pregnant women with CHD were seen by 83% of responders, and 37% of the responders reported a low level of comfort in doing so. Among all respondents, 73% indicated that they would refer a pregnant CHD patient to a high-risk obstetrician and 60% to an adult CHD specialist – almost all respondents would not transfer care to a non-adult CHD cardiologist. Among paediatric cardiologists, 81% indicated that they would resume their patient’s care following delivery.ConclusionOur results illustrate a gap in what physicians feel should be done and the care that they feel comfortable providing pregnant women with CHD. As this population continues to grow, training adult CHD cardiologists with specific skills in reproductive health in women with CHD is the first step to closing the care gap that exists in the management of such patients.
A new view of the tree of life
Authors: Hug Laura A. , Baker Brett J. , Anantharaman Karthik , Brown Christopher T. , Probst Alexander J. , Castelle Cindy J. , Butterfield Cristina N. , Hernsdorf Alex W. , Amano Yuki , Ise Kotaro , Suzuki Yohey , Dudek Natasha , Relman David A. , Finstad Kari M. , Amundson Ronald , Thomas Brian C. , Banfield Jillian F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe tree of life is one of the most important organizing principles in biology1. Gene surveys suggest the existence of an enormous number of branches2, but even an approximation of the full scale of the tree has remained elusive. Recent depictions of the tree of life have focused either on the nature of deep evolutionary relationships3–5 or on the known, well-classified diversity of life with an emphasis on eukaryotes6. These approaches overlook the dramatic change in our understanding of life's diversity resulting from genomic sampling of previously unexamined environments. New methods to generate genome sequences illuminate the identity of organisms and their metabolic capacities, placing them in community and ecosystem contexts7,8. Here, we use new genomic data from over 1,000 uncultivated and little known organisms, together with published sequences, to infer a dramatically expanded version of the tree of life, with Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya included. The depiction is both a global overview and a snapshot of the diversity within each major lineage. The results reveal the dominance of bacterial diversification and underline the importance of organisms lacking isolated representatives, with substantial evolution concentrated in a major radiation of such organisms. This tree highlights major lineages currently underrepresented in biogeochemical models and identifies radiations that are probably important for future evolutionary analyses.
Direct bone marrow HSC transplantation enhances local engraftment at the expense of systemic engraftment in NSG mice
Authors: Futrega Kathryn , Lott William B. , Doran Michael R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDirect bone marrow (BM) injection has been proposed as a strategy to bypass homing inefficiencies associated with intravenous (IV) hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. Despite physical delivery into the BM cavity, many donor cells are rapidly redistributed by vascular perfusion, perhaps compromising efficacy. Anchoring donor cells to 3-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids, formed from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) might improve direct BM transplantation. To test this hypothesis, relevant combinations of human umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ cells and BM-derived MSC were transplanted into NOD/SCID gamma (NSG) mice using either IV or intrafemoral (IF) routes. IF transplantation resulted in higher human CD45+ and CD34+ cell engraftment within injected femurs relative to distal femurs regardless of cell combination, but did not improve overall CD45+ engraftment at 8 weeks. Analysis within individual mice revealed that despite engraftment reaching near saturation within the injected femur, engraftment at distal hematopoietic sites including peripheral blood, spleen and non-injected femur, could be poor. Our data suggest that the retention of human HSC within the BM following direct BM injection enhances local chimerism at the expense of systemic chimerism in this xenogeneic model.
Effect of correlations on controllability transition in network control
Authors: Nie Sen , Wang Xu-Wen , Wang Bing-Hong , Jiang Luo-Luo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe network control problem has recently attracted an increasing amount of attention, owing to concerns including the avoidance of cascading failures of power-grids and the management of ecological networks. It has been proven that numerical control can be achieved if the number of control inputs exceeds a certain transition point. In the present study, we investigate the effect of degree correlation on the numerical controllability in networks whose topological structures are reconstructed from both real and modeling systems, and we find that the transition point of the number of control inputs depends strongly on the degree correlation in both undirected and directed networks with moderately sparse links. More interestingly, the effect of the degree correlation on the transition point cannot be observed in dense networks for numerical controllability, which contrasts with the corresponding result for structural controllability. In particular, for directed random networks and scale-free networks, the influence of the degree correlation is determined by the types of correlations. Our approach provides an understanding of control problems in complex sparse networks.
Cell-free circulating mitochondrial DNA content and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic HBV infection
Authors: Li Ling , Hann Hie-Won , Wan Shaogui , Hann Richard S. , Wang Chun , Lai Yinzhi , Ye Xishan , Evans Alison , Myers Ronald E. , Ye Zhong , Li Bingshan , Xing Jinliang , Yang Hushan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated a potential link between circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and cancers. However, there is no study evaluating the association between circulating mtDNA as a non-invasive marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. We conducted a nested case-control study to determine circulating mtDNA content in serum samples from 116 HBV-related HCC cases and 232 frequency-matched cancer-free HBV controls, and evaluate the retrospective association between mtDNA content and HCC risk using logistic regression and their temporal relationship using a mixed effects model. HCC cases had significantly lower circulating mtDNA content than controls (1.06 versus 2.47,P = 1.7 × 10−5). Compared to HBV patients with higher mtDNA content, those with lower mtDNA content had a significantly increased risk of HCC with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28–3.72,P = 0.004). Quartile analyses revealed a significant dose-dependent effect (Ptrend = 0.001) for this association. In a pilot longitudinal sub-cohort of 14 matched cases-control pairs, we observed a trend of dramatically decreased mtDNA content in cases and slightly decreased mtDNA content in controls, with a significant interaction of case-control status with time (Pinteraction = 0.049). Our findings suggest that circulating mtDNA is a potential novel non-invasive biomarker of HCC risk in HBV patients.
Genetic dissection of seed-iron and zinc concentrations in chickpea
Authors: Upadhyaya Hari D. , Bajaj Deepak , Das Shouvik , Kumar Vinod , Gowda C. L. L. , Sharma Shivali , Tyagi Akhilesh K. , Parida Swarup K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe SNP-based high-resolution QTL mapping mapped eight major genomic regions harbouring robust QTLs governing seed-Fe and Zn concentrations (39.4% combined phenotypic variation explained/PVE) on six chromosomes of an intra-specific high-density genetic linkage map (1.56 cM map-density). 24620 SNPs discovered from genome-wide GBS (genotyping-by-sequencing) and 13 known cloned Fe and Zn contents-related chickpea gene-orthologs were genotyped in a structured population of 92 sequenced desi and kabuli accessions. The large-scale 16591 SNP genotyping- and phenotyping-based GWAS (genome-wide association study) identified 16 genomic loci/genes associated (29% combined PVE) with seed-Fe and Zn concentrations. Of these, 11 trait-associated SNPs in the genes linked tightly with eight QTLs were validated by QTL mapping. The seed-specific expression, including pronounced differential-regulation of 16 trait-associated genes particularly in accessions/mapping individuals with contrasting level of seed-Fe and Zn contents was apparent. Collectively, the aforementioned rapid integrated genomic strategy led to delineate novel functional non-synonymous and regulatory SNP allelic-variants from 16 known/candidate genes, including three strong trait-associated genes (encoding late embryogenesis abundant and yellow stripe-like 1 protein, and vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein) and eight major QTLs regulating seed-Fe and Zn concentrations in chickpea. These essential inputs thus have potential to be deployed in marker-assisted genetic enhancement for developing nutritionally-rich iron/zinc-biofortified chickpea cultivars.
First-principles study of interface doping in ferroelectric junctions
Authors: Wang Pin-Zhi , Cai Tian-Yi , Ju Sheng , Wu Yin-Zhong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEffect of atomic monolayer insertion on the performance of ferroelectric tunneling junction is investigated in SrRuO3/BaTiO3/SrRuO3 heterostrucutures. Based on first-principles calculations, the atomic displacement, orbital occupancy and ferroelectric polarization are studied. It is found that the ferroelectricity is enhanced when a (AlO2)− monolayer is inserted between the electrode SRO and the barrier BTO, where the relatively high mobility of doped holes effectively screen ferroelectric polarization. On the other hand, for the case of (LaO)+ inserted layer, the doped electrons resides at the both sides of middle ferroelectric barrier, making the ferroelectricity unfavorable. Our findings provide an alternative avenue to improve the performance of ferroelectric tunneling junctions.
Trading in cooperativity for specificity to maintain uracil-free DNA
Authors: Szabó Judit E. , Takács Enikő , Merényi Gábor , Vértessy Beáta G. , Tóth Judit 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMembers of the dUTPase superfamily play an important role in the maintenance of the pyrimidine nucleotide balance and of genome integrity. dCTP deaminases and the bifunctional dCTP deaminase-dUTPases are cooperatively regulated by dTTP. However, the manifestation of allosteric behavior within the same trimeric protein architecture of dUTPases, the third member of the superfamily, has been a question of debate for decades. Therefore, we designed hybrid dUTPase trimers to access conformational states potentially mimicking the ones observed in the cooperative relatives. We studied how the interruption of different steps of the enzyme cycle affects the active site cross talk. We found that subunits work independently in dUTPase. The experimental results combined with a comparative structural analysis of dUTPase superfamily enzymes revealed that subtile structural differences within the allosteric loop and the central channel in these enzymes give rise to their dramatically different cooperative behavior. We demonstrate that the lack of allosteric regulation in dUTPase is related to the functional adaptation to more efficient dUTP hydrolysis which is advantageous in uracil-DNA prevention.
Dynamic imaging for CAR-T-cell therapy
Authors: Emami-Shahri Nia , Papa Sophie 
Published: April 2016

Chimaeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy is entering the mainstream for the treatment of CD19+ cancers. As is does we learn more about resistance to therapy and the role, risks and management of toxicity. In solid tumour CAR therapy research the route to the clinic is less smooth with a wealth of challenges facing translating this, potentially hugely valuable, therapeutic option for patients. As we strive to understand our successes, and navigate the challenges, having a clear understanding of how adoptively transferred CAR-T-cells behave in vivo and in human trials is invaluable. Harnessing reporter gene imaging to enable detection and tracking of small numbers of CAR-T-cells after adoptive transfer is one way by which we can accomplish this. The compatibility of certain reporter gene systems with tracers available routinely in the clinic makes this approach highly useful for future appraisal of CAR-T-cell success in humans.
Montaigne on Imagination
Authors: Williams Wes 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article explores aspects of Montaigne’s imagination with a focus on questions of conception and generation, volition and cognition, human and animal being. Engaging critically with the reception of early modern theories of the imagination in both poetic and medical discourse, and with a set of now canonical essays in the field (I, 8; II, 6; II, 12 as well as I, 21), it explores a number of resonant themes, tropes, and actions: falling, watching, reading, and (almost) dying. Discussion of Montaigne’s inheritance is best conducted alongside consideration of the complex afterlives of the Essays, and their powerful effects on the imagination of his readers. Particular attention is here paid to a “family” of privileged figures in the writing: monsters, children, and cats, and the argument, throughout, is that the imagination in, and of, Montaigne is best grasped as a distinctly embodied force.
How Next-Generation Neuroscience Technologies Can Facilitate Comparison Across Cultural Contexts and Species
Authors: Harris Lasana T. , Capestany Beatrice H. , Tan Jingzhi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractStudies in small-scale societies and nonhuman primates demonstrate evidence of xenophobia and xenophilia as basic responses to strangers. These studies highlight a cultural universal among social animals during interpersonal interaction: Group distinctions matter. We review the literature of small-scale societies and nonhuman primates, comparing them to the human social psychological literature on minimalist intergroup behavior in an attempt to delineate cognition, affect, and behavior common to intergroup contexts. In the process, we redefine culture, making it amenable to specific social groups and social contexts. We discuss the limitations of these comparisons—specifically, highly variable technological approaches, experimental environments, and paradigms. We then look forward to next-generation neuroscience technologies currently being developed that could facilitate comparison across human cultural context and cross-species in ecologically valid, unconstrained, nonlaboratory environments. We conclude by discussing the implications of these technologies for cultural neuroscience and global health.
Cultural Neuroscience of Pain and Empathy
Authors: Chiao Joan Y. , Mathur Vani A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Population health disparities exist in the prevalence of pain throughout the world due to social and biological factors. We examine the etiology of population health disparities in pain prevalence with the cultural neuroscience model. We review empirical evidence for population health disparities in acute and chronic pain, particularly in people from the United States of different racial and ethnic heritages. We discuss how culture, race, and ethnicity affect pain and empathy at the level of neurobiology as well as how an understanding of the mechanisms underlying population health disparities in pain can lead to more effective treatments in multicultural and cross-cultural communities. Implications for understanding the etiology of pain prevalence from a cultural neuroscience perspective for public health are discussed.
Culture, Genes, and Socioemotional Neurodevelopment
Authors: Maselko Joanna 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The country, or even region, in which an individual is born is a significant determinant of risk of developing a neuropsychiatric disorder. Differences in risk of developing a disorder are closely tied to the overall burden of neuropsychiatric disorders in a given population. Using age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100,000 inhabitants as a measure of disease burden, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that neuropsychiatric disorders are responsible for 10–15% of disease burden worldwide, with unipolar depression and alcohol disorders making the largest contributions. WHO estimates that the burden of unipolar depressive disorder ranges from 315 DALYs per 100,000 in China to 1235 DALYs in Cuba and 1651 DALYs per 100,000 in the United States. Similar patterns have been documented with other disorders, such as anxiety and schizophrenia. Variation in disease burden remains even after accounting for varying definitions of mental health and sources of data.
Culture as a Response to Uncertainty
Authors: Tobler Phillipe N. , Christopoulos George I. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Cultures are dynamic by nature. This characteristic stems from constant changes of the natural and social environment, pressure and influences from other cultures, and evolutionary needs for adaptive responses, both at the individual and collective level. In decision and social neuroscience, individual adaptive responses to changing, unknown, or uncertain environments have been successfully described by the integration of the computational framework of reinforcement learning models with principles of game theory and microeconomics. This framework identifies a valuation system that constantly updates values attached to actions and stimuli in order to reduce reducible uncertainty and efficiently guide actions in the face of irreducible uncertainty. We propose that this theoretical and methodological framework can be fruitful in explaining dynamic cultural phenomena—an approach we term computational culture neuroscience.