bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Next of kin's experiences of information and responsibility during their older relatives’ care transitions from hospital to municipal health care
Authors: Rustad Else Cathrine , Seiger Cronfalk Berit , Furnes Bodil , Dysvik Elin 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo gain an understanding of how next of kin experience the transition of their older relatives from hospital to municipal health care.BackgroundDuring the care transition of their older relatives, next of kin experience a period of ill‐defined roles and expectations. Successful transition lays the ground for postdischarge treatment and care, in which next of kin have important roles.DesignA descriptive, exploratory design was used to gain a greater understanding of the experiences of next of kin during their older relatives’ care transitions.MethodsWe conducted qualitative interviews of 13 next of kin of patients aged ≥80 years who had been discharged from the hospital to municipal care. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse interviews.ResultsThe main theme, ‘Next of kin balance multiple tasks during older relatives’ care transitions’, emerged from two subthemes: ‘Next of kin strive to fulfil informational needs during care transition’ and ‘Next of kin take responsibility for the older relative during care transition’.ConclusionsNext of kin have the challenging role of letting their older relative manage self‐care during transition, when able, while being prepared to act on behalf of their relative as needed. Insufficient information and significant responsibilities contribute to unnecessary concerns and worries among next of kin.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses in both hospitals and municipal health care will benefit from knowing more about the experiences of next of kin; this may ensure continuity of care during transitions and diminish unnecessary worries and concerns. Clinical nurses should be sensitive to the next of kin's need for support so the next of kin can better manage their older relatives’ care after homecoming.
A narrative review of acute care nurses’ experiences nursing patients with intellectual disability: underprepared, communication barriers and ambiguity about the role of caregivers
Authors: Lewis Peter , Gaffney Ryan J , Wilson Nathan J 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe how nurses experience caring for people with intellectual disability in an acute care setting.BackgroundRecent advances in the care of people with intellectual disability in hospital are primarily based upon the experiences of people with intellectual disability and their caregivers. Little is known about the experiences of registered nurses caring for people with intellectual disability, yet the experiences of nurses in delivering care largely determine the quality of care experienced by people with intellectual disability and their caregivers.MethodsA narrative literature review using electronic database searches was conducted using variants of the terms disability, nursing and acute care.ResultsThrough our reading of the recent literature describing the experiences of nurses caring for people with intellectual disability in an acute care setting, we have identified three themes: (1) nurses feel underprepared when caring for patients with intellectual disability, (2) nurses experience challenges when communicating with people with intellectual disability and (3) nurses have ambiguous expectations of paid and unpaid caregivers.ConclusionThe enablers of and barriers to the delivery of nursing care in acute care settings need to be made explicit and researchers and nurses need to collaborate in the development, implementation and evaluation of care delivery strategies.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses need to be adequately prepared to care for people with intellectual disability. Preparation should include dealing with the complexities of communicating with people with intellectual disability and practical experience of doing so in clinical and educational environments that ensure the safety and dignity of nurses and people with intellectual disability. Nurses need supportive strategies for developing therapeutic relationships with a range of informal and formal caregivers.
Cultural factors influencing dietary and fluid restriction behaviour: perceptions of older Chinese patients with heart failure
Authors: Rong Xiaoshan , Peng Youqing , Yu Hai‐Ping , Li Dan 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore the cultural factors related to dietary and fluid restriction behaviours among older Chinese patients.BackgroundExcess dietary sodium and fluid intake are risk factors contributing to the worsening and rehospitalisation for heart failure in older patients. Managing the complex fluid and diet requirements of heart failure patients is challenging and is made more complicated by cultural variations in self‐management behaviours in response to a health threat.DesignQualitative study using semi‐structured in interviews and framework analysis.MethodsThe design of this study is qualitative descriptive. Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted with 15 heart failure patients. Data were analysed through content analysis.ResultsSeven cultural themes emerged from the qualitative data: the values placed on health and illness, customary way of life, preference for folk care and the Chinese healthcare system, and factors related to kinship and social ties, religion, economics and education.ConclusionsDietary change and management in response to illness, including heart failure, is closely related to individuals’ cultural background. Healthcare providers should have a good understanding of cultural aspects that can influence patients’ conformity to medical recommendations.Relevance to clinical practiceHeart failure patients need support that considers their cultural needs. Healthcare providers must have a good understanding of the experiences of people from diverse cultural backgrounds.
The Apparent Digestibility Coefficients of 13 Selected Animal Feedstuff for Cobia,Rachycentron canadum
Authors: Chi Shuyan , Wang Wenjuan , Tan Beiping , Dong Xiaohui , Yang Qihui , Liu Hongyu , Zhang Shuang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of crude protein, lipid, phosphorous, and amino acids, as well as energy, of 13 animal feedstuffs were determined for cobia,Rachycentron canadum(initial weight 130.0 g). The feedstuffs tested included five types of fishmeal, two of blood meal, one of poultry meat meal, two of meat‐and‐bone meal, two of feather meal, and one type of shrimp meal. A reference diet was formulated and the test diets contained 70% of the reference diet and 30% of each feedstuff. TheADCsof crude protein, lipid, energy, phosphorous, and amino acids of the test ingredients ranged from 68.97 to 92.5%, 69.3 to 95.7%, 77.5 to 98.3%, 58.2 to 80.1%, and 72.5 to 97.0%, respectively. TheADCsof crude protein of white fishmeal, steam‐dried brown fishmeal, imported flame‐dried fishmeal, spray‐dried blood cells, poultry byproduct meal, meat‐bone meal, and meat meal were significantly higher than those of dried blood meal, fermented feather meal, and hydrolyzed feather meal (P < 0.05). TheADCsof lipid of dried blood meal and hydrolyzed feather meal were significantly lower than those of other feedstuffs (P < 0.05). TheADCsof energy of fermented feather meal and hydrolyzed feather meal were significantly lower than those of other feedstuffs (P < 0.05) and theADCsof phosphorus of white fishmeal, steam‐dried brown fishmeal, and imported flame‐dried fishmeal were significantly higher than those of the other ingredients (P < 0.05).
Postzygotic isolation varies by ploidy level within a polyploid complex
Authors: Sutherland Brittany L. , Galloway Laura F. 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Whole genome duplication is considered to be a significant contributor to angiosperm speciation due to accumulation of rapid, strong interploid reproductive isolation. However, recent work suggests that interploid reproductive isolation may not be complete, especially among higher order cytotypes. This study evaluates postzygotic reproductive isolation among three cytotypes within a polyploid complex.

We conducted reciprocal crosses using two diploid and two hexaploid populations each crossed to tetraploid populations spanning the geographic and phylogenetic range of the Campanula rotundifolia polyploid complex. Interploid and intrapopulation crosses were scored for fruit set, seed number, germination proportion and pollen viability. Postzygotic isolation was calculated for each cross as the product of these fitness components. A subset of offspring was cytotyped via flow cytometry.

Postzygotic isolation was significantly lower in tetraploid–hexaploid crosses than diploid–tetraploid crosses, mostly due to substantially higher germination among tetraploid–hexaploid crosses. Tetraploid–hexaploid crosses produced pentaploids exclusively, whereas diploid–tetraploid crosses produced both triploids and tetraploids in high frequencies.

Postzygotic isolation was weaker among higher order polyploids than between diploids and tetraploids, and unreduced gametes may facilitate diploid–tetraploid reproduction. This incomplete postzygotic isolation could allow ongoing interploid gene flow, especially among higher order polyploids, which may slow divergence and speciation in polyploid complexes.
Analysis of Complications in Outpatient ICD Surgery On or Off Warfarin Anticoagulation
Authors: TOLAT ANEESH , SINGH ANIRUDDHA , WOICIECHOWSKI MELISSA , MASOTTI MAURA , DELL'ORFANO JOSEPH , BERNS ELLISON , BERNSTEIN BRUCE , LIPPMAN NEAL 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundImplantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation is being performed differently at many hospitals, with some keeping patients overnight after procedure while others discharge patients home same day. In addition, many centers are now performing ICD surgery while on warfarin anticoagulation. There are, however, limited data on outpatient ICD surgery on anticoagulated (AC) patients.ObjectiveWe wished to evaluate the safety of performing outpatient ICD surgery with and without warfarin anticoagulation.MethodsWe evaluated 866 patients who underwent outpatient ICD surgery between April 2010 and September 2014. Patients who were on novel oral anticoagulants, or did not have an international normalized ratio drawn within 24 hours of the procedure were excluded and the remainder were divided into two groups based on whether they were on (n = 230) or off (n = 518) warfarin anticoagulation. We evaluated both procedural and 30‐day complications in both groups.ResultsThe complication rate at 30 days in the warfarin AC group was 4.3%, while in the nonanticoagulated (NAC) group was 2.9% and not significantly different (P = 0.31). However, the pocket hematoma rate in the warfarin anticoagulated group was 3.5%, as compared to the NAC group that was 0.4% (P = 0.001).ConclusionComplications from ICD surgery are low in the ambulatory setting on or off warfarin anticoagulation and appear to be comparable. However, warfarin use during ICD surgery is associated with an increased risk of pocket hematoma.
Xylem and stomata, coordinated through time and space
Authors: Brodribb Timothy J , McAdam Scott AM , Carins Murphy Madeline R 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLand plants exhibit a degree of homeostasis in leaf water content to protect against damage to photosynthetic and xylem tissues, and to maintain an efficient allocation of resources. This is achieved by a strong coordination between the systems regulating water delivery (xylem) and water loss (stomata). This review discusses evolution in xylem and stomatal function, specifically focussing on the interactions between them.
Performance and Management in the Public Sector: Testing a Model of Relative Risk Aversion
Authors: Nicholson‐Crotty Sean , Nicholson‐Crotty Jill , Fernandez Sergio 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Research has demonstrated that management influences the performance of public organizations, but almost no research has explored how the success or failure of a public organization influences the decisions of those who manage it. Arguing that many decisions by public managers are analogous to risky choice, the authors use a well‐validated model of relative risk aversion to understand how such choices are influenced by managers’ perceptions of organizational performance. They theorize that managers will be less likely to encourage innovation or give discretion to employees when they are just reaching their goals relative to other performance conditions. Analyses of responses to the 2011 and 2013 Federal Employee Viewpoint Surveys provide considerable support for these assertions. The findings have significant implications for our understanding of the relationship between management and performance in public organizations.
Gas exchange responses during 6‐min walk test in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Morris Norman R. , Seale Helen , Harris Julie , Hall Kathleen , Lin Aaron C. W. , Kermeen Fiona 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveThe 6‐min walk test (6MWT) is the most widely utilized method of assessing exercise capacity in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing has the advantage of providing additional physiological information over 6MWT. The goals of our study were to describe the addition of gas exchange measurements to 6MWT and to determine how these parameters were related to the severity of PAH in three major subgroups of PAH (idiopathic (IPAH), connective tissue disease‐related (CTPAH) and congenital heart disease‐related (CHPAH)).MethodsSeventy‐six PAH patients (IPAH, n = 28; CTPAH, n = 24; CHPAH, n = 24) completed the 6MWT with simultaneous gas exchange measurements. The 6‐min walk distance (6MWD), oxygen uptake (
O2
), carbon dioxide production (
CO2
), oxygen saturation, minute ventilation to carbon dioxide output (
E/
CO2
) and end‐tidal partial pressure for carbon dioxide (PETCO2
) were compared between subgroups, different functional classes (FCs) and pharmacotherapy.ResultsWhilst no significant difference in 6MWT was observed, absolute
O2
and
CO2
were higher for IPAH (P < 0.05). Differences were removed when
O2
and
CO2
were expressed relative to body mass (i.e. mL/kg/min). CHPAH had the most significant desaturation during 6MWT (CPAH: 73 ± 15%; CTPAH: 90 ± 8%, IPAH: 92 ± 8%, P < 0.01). There was no difference in
E/
CO2
and PETCO2
between groups; however, New York Health Association (NYHA) FC II performed better than FC III subjects in 6MWT with lower
E/
CO2
and higher end‐exercise PETCO2
. Similarly, individuals on more advanced pharmacotherapy (triple therapy vs monotherapy) had poorer gas exchange during exercise.ConclusionWhilst 6MWT and gas exchange did not differentiate between PAH groups, individuals with more severe disease and on more advanced pharmacotherapy had poorer gas exchange during exercise.
Family caregivers' experience of activities of daily living handling in older adult with stroke: a qualitative research in the Iranian context
Authors: Hesamzadeh Ali , Dalvandi Asghar , Bagher Maddah Sadat , Fallahi Khoshknab Masoud , Ahmadi Fazlollah , Mosavi Arfa Nazila 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundPatients with stroke require additional support from family to live independently in the area of activities of daily living. Family members are usually the main caregivers of stroke patients. Comprehensive explanation of ADL handling from family caregivers’ view is lacking.AimThis study explores and describes family caregivers’ experiences about the strategies to handle activities of daily living (ADL) dependency of elderly patient with stroke in the Iranian context.MethodA qualitative content analysis approach was conducted to analyse data. Nineteen family caregivers participated in the study from multiple physiotherapy clinics of physiotherapy in Sari (Iran) between September 2013 and May 2014. Data were generated through in‐depth interviews, and content analysis method was used to analyse the data and determine themes.FindingsThe findings show that family caregivers manage the ADL dependency of their elderly stroke patients through seven strategies including encouraging physical movements, providing personal hygiene, nutritional consideration, facilitating religious activities, filling leisure time, and facilitating transfer and assisting in financial issues.ConclusionFamily has an important role in handling of elderly stroke patients’ ADL dependency. Health practitioners can take benefit from the findings to help the stroke families play more active role in the handling ADL dependency of their patients after stroke.
Effects of a dietary self‐management programme for community‐dwelling older adults: a quasi‐experimental design
Authors: Chen Su‐Hui , Huang Yu‐Ping , Shao Jung‐Hua 
Published: August 2016

RationaleNutritional health plays a crucial role in determining successful ageing and differs by different living area. Although nutritional interventions have long been advocated, little research has directly assessed the effectiveness of nutritional interventions on community‐dwelling older adults in urban and rural areas and compared intervention effects on these two populations.Aims and objectivesTo examine the effectiveness of a 12‐week dietary self‐management programme for salt‐, fluid‐, fat‐ and cholesterol‐intake behaviours of community‐dwelling older adults and to compare these effects in rural‐ and urban‐dwelling older adults.MethodsFor this quasi‐experimental two‐group study, older adults (≥65 years old) were recruited from two randomly selected public health centres in a rural north‐eastern county and a northern city of Taiwan from January through December 2011. Outcomes included nutritional status, nutritional self‐efficacy and health locus of control. Data were collected at baseline and 12 weeks later. To compare changes in outcome variables over time between the control (usual care) and intervention (nutritional programme) groups and between the urban‐ and rural‐dwelling participants in the experimental group, we used generalised estimating equation analysis.ResultsOf the 129 participants, 120 completed this study (58 in the intervention group and 62 in the control group). After 12 weeks, the intervention group had significantly better nutritional status and higher internal health locus of control than the control group. Moreover, older rural participants who received the intervention tended towards higher nutritional self‐efficacy and internal health locus of control than their urban counterparts.ConclusionsOur research findings support the positive effect of our nutritional self‐management programme for community‐dwelling older adults. The knowledge gained from this study can help stakeholders recognise the need for healthcare policy to establish effective strategies and sustainable intervention programmes for this population, especially those living in rural areas.
Interference with ethylene perception at receptor level sheds light on auxin and transcriptional circuits associated with the climacteric ripening of apple fruit (Malus x domestica Borkh.)
Authors: Tadiello Alice , Longhi Sara , Moretto Marco , Ferrarini Alberto , Tononi Paola , Farneti Brian , Busatto Nicola , Vrhovsek Urska , Molin Alessandra dal , Avanzato Carla , Biasioli Franco , Cappellin Luca , Scholz Matthias , Velasco Riccardo , Trainotti Livio , Delledonne Massimo , Costa Fabrizio 
Published: August 2016

SummaryApple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is a model species for studying the metabolic changes that occur at the onset of ripening in fruit crops, and the physiological mechanisms that are governed by the hormone ethylene. In this study, to dissect the climacteric interplay in apple, a multidisciplinary approach was employed. To this end, a comprehensive analysis of gene expression together with the investigation of several physiological entities (texture, volatilome and content of polyphenolic compounds) was performed throughout fruit development and ripening. The transcriptomic profiling was conducted with two microarray platforms: a dedicated custom array (iRIPE) and a whole genome array specifically enriched with ripening‐related genes for apple (WGAA). The transcriptomic and phenotypic changes following the application of 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP), an ethylene inhibitor leading to important modifications in overall fruit physiology, were also highlighted. The integrative comparative network analysis showed both negative and positive correlations between ripening‐related transcripts and the accumulation of specific metabolites or texture components. The ripening distortion caused by the inhibition of ethylene perception, in addition to affecting the ethylene pathway, stimulated the de‐repression of auxin‐related genes, transcription factors and photosynthetic genes. Overall, the comprehensive repertoire of results obtained here advances the elucidation of the multi‐layered climacteric mechanism of fruit ripening, thus suggesting a possible transcriptional circuit governed by hormones and transcription factors.
Transient cerebellar alterations during development prior to obvious motor phenotype in a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 6
Authors: Jayabal Sriram , Ljungberg Lovisa , Watt Alanna J. 
Published: August 2016

Key points
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is a midlife‐onset neurodegenerative disease caused by a CACNA1A mutation; CACNA1A is also implicated in cerebellar development.
We have previously shown that when disease symptoms are present in midlife in SCA684Q/84Q mice, cerebellar Purkinje cells spike with reduced rate and precision. In contrast, we find that during postnatal development (P10–13), SCA684Q/84Q Purkinje cells spike with elevated rate and precision.
Although surplus climbing fibres are linked to ataxia in other mouse models, we found surplus climbing fibre inputs on developing (P10–13) SCA684Q/84Q Purkinje cells when motor deficits were not detected.
Developmental alterations were transient and were no longer observed in weanling (P21–24) SCA684Q/84Q Purkinje cells.
Our results suggest that changes in the developing cerebellar circuit can occur without detectable motor abnormalities, and that changes in cerebellar development may not necessarily persist into adulthood.
AbstractAlthough some neurodegenerative diseases are caused by mutations in genes that are known to regulate neuronal development, surprisingly, patients may not present disease symptoms until adulthood. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is one such midlife‐onset disorder in which the mutated gene, CACNA1A, is implicated in cerebellar development. We wondered whether changes were observed in the developing cerebellum in SCA6 prior to the detection of motor deficits. To address this question, we used a transgenic mouse with a hyper‐expanded triplet repeat (SCA684Q/84Q) that displays late‐onset motor deficits at 7 months, and measured cerebellar Purkinje cell synaptic and intrinsic properties during postnatal development. We found that firing rate and precision were enhanced during postnatal development in P10–13 SCA684Q/84Q Purkinje cells, and observed surplus multiple climbing fibre innervation without changes in inhibitory input or dendritic structure during development. Although excess multiple climbing fibre innervation has been associated with ataxic symptoms in several adult transgenic mice, we observed no detectable changes in cerebellar‐related motor behaviour in developing SCA684Q/84Q mice. Interestingly, we found that developmental alterations were transient, as both Purkinje cell firing properties and climbing fibre innervation from weanling‐aged (P21–24) SCA684Q/84Q mice were indistinguishable from litter‐matched control mice. Our results demonstrate that significant alterations in neuronal circuit development may be observed without any detectable behavioural read‐out, and that early changes in brain development may not necessarily persist into adulthood in midlife‐onset diseases.