bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Health of Babies and Children
Authors: Gennaro Susan , O'Connor Caitlin , Marx Megan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Purpose:
We provide an overview of the health of neonates, infants, and children around the world. Issues in maximizing neonatal health are examined using the Sustainable Development Goals developed by the United Nations as a framework.

Recommendations:
Interventions that can help optimize neonatal, infant, and child health in the future are reviewed, including increasing preventative healthcare (immunizations, malaria prevention, exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life), enhancing point-of-care interventions (including umbilical cord care, antenatal corticosteroids if preterm birth is anticipated, and antibiotic therapy), enhancing nutritional interventions (to decrease diarrheal diseases and decrease wasting, stunting, and underweight), and building systems capacity.

Clinical Implications:
In an increasingly global world where wars, climate change, civil unrest, and economic uncertainty all influence health, it is important that nurses understand global health problems common for neonates, infants, and children and current recommendations to enhance their health.
Use of Traditional Birth Practices by Chinese Women in the United States
Authors: Saito Maki , Lyndon Audrey 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of our study was to explore how foreign-born Chinese women living in California engage in various traditional and American birth practices.

Study Design and Methods:
A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using a grounded theory approach. Chinese women from Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan who had childbirth experiences in the United States were purposively sampled. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 women, with follow-up interviews with 5 women. Interview data were analyzed using grounded theory according to the method of Strauss and Corbin.

Results:
There are many traditional practices for pregnancy and childbirth. Women investigated the traditions through various means, and built their own perspective on each tradition by integrating an evaluation of the Chinese perspective and an evaluation of the American perspective. Women considered several factors in the process of evaluating the Chinese and American perspectives to reach their own integrated perspective on each tradition. These factors included whether or not the tradition made sense to them, how the traditional practice affected their comfort, nature of available options, attitudes of female elders, previous experiences of their peers and themselves, and outcomes of temporary trials of traditional or nontraditional practices.

Clinical Implications:
Healthcare providers should respect women's diverse perspectives on traditional practices and encourage flexible arrangements. Including the elder generation in health education may be useful in helping women manage conflicts and to support their decisions.
Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving Program and Emotion Dysregulation
Authors: Boccalon Silvia , Alesiani Roberta , Giarolli Laura , Fossati Andrea 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the observed changes on emotion dysregulation obtained through the Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) program. The sample is composed of 24 subjects with a personality disorder with borderline features. All participants filled out the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). There was a significant decrease in the DERS total score at the end of the treatment and at 6-month follow-up. Friedman test showed a significant decrease in suicide attempts and hospitalizations over time. The analysis of the DERS subscales showed that “goals” and “impulse” were the two dimensions on which the treatment acted and the changes were stable over time. STEPPS is associated with an improvement in emotion regulation and a reduction in the number of hospitalizations and suicide attempts. The treatment seems to act on the behavioral dimensions of emotion dysregulation like the ability to control impulsive behaviors and to achieve goals.
The Effect of Age, Race, and Sex on Social Cognitive Performance in Individuals With Schizophrenia
Authors: Pinkham Amy E. , Kelsven Skylar , Kouros Chrystyna , Harvey Philip D. , Penn David L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAge, race, and sex are linked to social cognitive performance among healthy individuals, but whether similar effects are evident in schizophrenia is unknown. Data from 170 individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 98 healthy controls were used to examine relations between these demographic factors and performance across multiple domains and measures of social cognition. Sex was not related to performance on any domain, but older age was related to poorer emotion recognition from dynamic stimuli in both patients and controls. In patients, older age was also associated with better abilities to decipher hints. Both Caucasian patients and controls performed better than African American individuals on emotion recognition and mental state attribution tasks that use only Caucasian individuals as visual stimuli. Findings suggest rather limited influences of demographic factors but do demonstrate normative age and race effects among patients. Findings also highlight important methodological considerations for measurement of social cognition.
Are there any reasons to change our behavior in necrotizing fasciitis with the advent of new antibiotics?
Authors: Menichetti Francesco , Giuliano Simone , Fortunato Simona 
Published: February 2017

Purpose of review
The treatment of necrotizing fasciitis requires a multifaceted approach, consisting of surgical source control with immediate surgical debridement along with life support, clinical monitoring, and antimicrobial therapy. Many drugs are now available for the treatment of this life-threatening infectious disease, and the purpose of this review is to provide the reader with an updated overview of the newest therapeutic options.

Recent findings
Because most necrotizing soft tissue infections are polymicrobial, broad-spectrum coverage is advisable. Acceptable monotherapy regimens include piperacillin-tazobactam or a carbapenem. However, drugs such as ceftolozane–tazobactam, ceftazidime–avibactam in association with an antianaerobic agent (metronidazole or clindamycin) are currently available as valuable alternatives. The new cephalosporins active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), ceftaroline, and ceftobiprole share similar antibacterial activity against Gram-positive cocci, and they might be considered as an alternative to nonbetalactam anti-MRSA agents for necrotizing fasciitis management. Two new long-acting lypoglycopeptides – oritavancin and dalbavancin – share the indications for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and had similar activity against Gram-positive cocci including MRSA and streptococci.

Summary
Carbapenem-sparing agents are particularly suitable for antimicrobial stewardship strategy. The new long-acting lypoglycopeptides are very effective in treating necrotizing fasciitis and are uttermost attractive for patients requiring short hospital stays and early discharge.
Pathogenic mechanisms of intracellular bacteria
Authors: Niller Hans Helmut , Masa Roland , Venkei Annamária , Mészáros Sándor , Minarovits Janos 
Published: February 2017

Purpose of review
We wished to overview recent data on a subset of epigenetic changes elicited by intracellular bacteria in human cells. Reprogramming the gene expression pattern of various host cells may facilitate bacterial growth, survival, and spread.

Recent findings
DNA-(cytosine C5)-methyltransferases of Mycoplasma hyorhinis targeting cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotides and a Mycobacterium tuberculosis methyltransferase targeting non-CpG sites methylated the host cell DNA and altered the pattern of gene expression. Gene silencing by CpG methylation and histone deacetylation, mediated by cellular enzymes, also occurred in M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages. M. tuberculosis elicited cell type-specific epigenetic changes: it caused increased DNA methylation in macrophages, but induced demethylation, deposition of euchromatic histone marks and activation of immune-related genes in dendritic cells. A secreted transposase of Acinetobacter baumannii silenced a cellular gene, whereas Mycobacterium leprae altered the epigenotype, phenotype, and fate of infected Schwann cells. The ‘keystone pathogen’ oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis induced local DNA methylation and increased the level of histone acetylation in host cells. These epigenetic changes at the biofilm–gingiva interface may contribute to the development of periodontitis.

Summary
Epigenetic regulators produced by intracellular bacteria alter the epigenotype and gene expression pattern of host cells and play an important role in pathogenesis.
Matched Case-Control Comparative Study of Laparoscopic Versus Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Malignant Lesions
Authors: Khaled Yazan S. , Fatania Kavi , Barrie Jenifer , De Liguori Nicola , Deshpande Rahul , O’Reilly Derek A. , Ammori Basil J. 
Published: February 2017

Introduction:
Advances in surgical technologies allowed safe laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD). The aim of this study is to compare the oncologic outcomes of LPD to open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) in terms of safety and recurrence rate.

Materials and Methods:
A cohort of 30 patients were matched for age, sex, American Society of Anaesthesiologists, tumor size, pancreatic duct diameter, and histopathologic diagnosis on a 1:1 basis (15 LPD, 15 OPD). Comparison between groups was performed on intention-to-treat basis. Survival following resection was compared using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

Results:
The median operating time for LPD group was longer than for OPD group (470 vs. 310 min; P=0.184). However, estimated blood loss (300 vs. 620 mL; P=0.023), high dependency unit stay (2.0 vs. 6.0 d; P=0.013) and postoperative hospital stay (9.0 vs. 17.4 d; P=0.017) were significantly lower in the LPD group. There was no significant difference in postoperative rates of morbidity (40% vs. 67%; P=0.431) and mortality (0% vs. 6.7%; P=0.99). The surgical resection margins R0 status (87% vs. 73%; P=0.79) and the number of lymph nodes (18 vs. 20; P=0.99) in the resected specimens were comparable between the 2 groups. There was no significant difference in overall survival outcomes.

Conclusions:
In selected patients, the laparoscopic approach to pancreaticoduodenectomy in the hands of the experienced offers advantages over open surgery without compromising the oncologic resection.
Robotic Rectal Resection With a Single-docking Technique Thanks to the Rotation of the R3 Arm
Authors: Pesi Benedetta , Annecchiarico Mario , Amore Bonapasta Stefano , Nerini Alessandro , Perna Federico , Bencini Lapo , Di Marino Michele , Coratti Andrea 
Published: February 2017

Background:
Robotic surgery for rectal resection presents some advantages compared with the traditional technique; however, it also presents some limitations, especially due to the multiple changes of surgical fields. We describe a new technique to perform low-anterior resection using single docking with the rotation of the third arm and our perioperative results.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 31 patients who underwent low-anterior rectal robotic resection with single-docking technique using robotic daVinci SI (Surgical Intuitive System) were included in the study.

Results:
The mean operative time was 338 minutes. The conversion rate was 3%. The mean time of refeeding was 1.4 days and the mean time of hospital stay was 6 days.

Conclusions:
Our technique allowed to use the robot for all surgical steps with a single docking, thereby reducing the cost of the hybrid technique and facilitating the operative team in the management of the robotic cart.
In vitroinduction andin vivoengraftment of lung bud tip progenitor cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Miller Alyssa J. , Hill David R. , Nagy Melinda S. , Aoki Yoshiro , Dye Briana R. , Chin Alana M. , Huang Sha , Zhu Felix , White Eric S. , Lama Vibha , Spence Jason R. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe bud tip epithelium of the branching mouse and human lung contains multipotent progenitors that are able to self-renew and give rise to all mature lung epithelial cell types. The current study aimed to understand the developmental signaling cues that regulate bud tip progenitor cells in the human fetal lung, which are present during branching morphogenesis, and to use this information to induce a bud tip progenitor-like population from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs)in vitro. We identified that FGF7, CHIR-99021 and RA maintained isolated human fetal lung epithelial bud tip progenitor cells in an undifferentiated statein vitro, and led to the induction of a 3-dimensional lung-like epithelium from hPSCs. 3-dimensional hPSC-derived lung tissue was initially patterned, with airway-like interior domains and bud tip-like progenitor domains at the periphery. Epithelial bud tip-like domains could be isolated, expanded and maintained as a nearly homogeneous population by serial passaging. Comparisons between human fetal lung epithelial bud tip cells and hPSC-derived bud tip-like cells were carried out using immunostaining,in situhybridization and transcriptome-wide analysis, and revealed thatin vitroderived tissue was highly similar to native lung. hPSC-derived epithelial bud tip-like structures survivedin vitrofor over 16 weeks, could be easily frozen and thawed and maintained multi-lineage potential. Furthermore, hPSC-derived epithelial bud tip progenitors successfully engrafted in the proximal airways of injured immunocompromised NSG mouse lungs, where they persisted for up to 6 weeks and gave rise to several lung epithelial lineages.
Coping styles of failing Brunei vocational students
Authors: Mundia Lawrence , Salleh Sallimah 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the prevalence of two types of underachieving students (n=246) (active failing (AF) and passive failing (PF)) in Brunei vocational and technical education (VTE) institutions and their patterns of coping.

Design/methodology/approach
The field survey method was used to directly reach many participants, administer the instruments and collect the required data.

Findings
The authors found 20 AFs (14 males) and 16 PFs (five females) across the VTE courses. More-able and average students scored relatively higher on all six productive coping strategies (e.g. confronting the stressor), while the AFs and PFs scored lower on these attributes. The AFs and PFs scored relatively higher on both dysfunctional coping styles (e.g. distancing) than more-able and average students. Furthermore, the AFs also scored lower on seeking social support (possible reason for not performing well). Internet connection and students’ financial support need to be improved in Brunei VTE institutions.

Research limitations/implications
The study would have been strengthened by the inclusion of an interview component to probe supplement/complement findings from the quantitative survey and the open-ended qualitative instrument (both self-reports).

Practical implications
The study had practical significance in that its findings could be used by instructors and policy makers to improve the achievement of VTE students in Brunei and elsewhere.

Originality/value
This is the first time the phenomena of AF and PF were investigated in Brunei VTE students. Further qualitative research was recommended to gain additional insights and solutions.
Detecting signals of chronic shedding to explain pathogen persistence:Leptospira interrogansinCalifornia sea lions
Authors: Buhnerkempe Michael G. , Prager Katherine C. , Strelioff Christopher C. , Greig Denise J. , Laake Jeff L. , Melin Sharon R. , DeLong Robert L. , Gulland Frances M.D. , Lloyd‐Smith James O. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryIdentifying mechanisms driving pathogen persistence is a vital component of wildlife disease ecology and control. Asymptomatic, chronically infected individuals are an oft‐cited potential reservoir of infection, but demonstrations of the importance of chronic shedding to pathogen persistence at the population‐level remain scarce.Studying chronic shedding using commonly collected disease data is hampered by numerous challenges, including short‐term surveillance that focuses on single epidemics and acutely ill individuals, the subtle dynamical influence of chronic shedding relative to more obvious epidemic drivers, and poor ability to differentiate between the effects of population prevalence of chronic shedding vs. intensity and duration of chronic shedding in individuals.We use chronic shedding ofLeptospira interrogansserovar Pomona in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) as a case study to illustrate how these challenges can be addressed. Using leptospirosis‐induced strands as a measure of disease incidence, we fit models with and without chronic shedding, and with different seasonal drivers, to determine the time‐scale over which chronic shedding is detectable and the interactions between chronic shedding and seasonal drivers needed to explain persistence and outbreak patterns.Chronic shedding can enable persistence ofL. interroganswithin the sea lion population. However, the importance of chronic shedding was only apparent when surveillance data included at least two outbreaks and the intervening inter‐epidemic trough during which fadeout of transmission was most likely. Seasonal transmission, as opposed to seasonal recruitment of susceptibles, was the dominant driver of seasonality in this system, and both seasonal factors had limited impact on long‐term pathogen persistence.We show that the temporal extent of surveillance data can have a dramatic impact on inferences about population processes, where the failure to identify both short‐ and long‐term ecological drivers can have cascading impacts on understanding higher order ecological phenomena, such as pathogen persistence.
Integrating gut microbiota immaturity and disease‐discriminatory taxa to diagnose the initiation and severity of shrimp disease
Authors: Xiong Jinbo , Zhu Jinyong , Dai Wenfang , Dong Chunming , Qiu Qiongfen , Li Chenghua 
Published: February 2017

SummaryIncreasing evidence has emerged a tight link among the gut microbiota, host age and health status. This osculating interplay impedes the definition of gut microbiome features associated with host health from that in developmental stages. Consequently, gut microbiota‐based prediction of health status is promising yet not well established. Here we firstly tracked shrimp gut microbiota (N = 118) over an entire cycle of culture; shrimp either stayed healthy or progressively transitioned into severe disease. The results showed that the gut microbiota were significantly distinct over shrimp developmental stages and disease progression. Null model and phylogenetic‐based mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) analyses indicated that deterministic processes that governed gut community became less important as the shrimp aged and disease progressed. The predicted gut microbiota age (using the profiles of age‐discriminatory bacterial species as independent variables) fitted well (r = 0.996; P < 0.001) with the age of healthy subjects, while this defined trend was disrupted by disease. Microbiota‐for‐age Z‐scores (MAZ, here defined as immaturity) were relative stable among healthy shrimp, but sharply decreased when disease emerged. By distinguishing between age‐ and disease‐ discriminatory taxa, we developed a model, bacterial indicators of shrimp health status, to diagnose disease from healthy subjects with 91.5% accuracy. Notably, the relative abundances of the bacterial indicators were indicative for shrimp disease severity. These findings, in aggregate, add our understanding on the gut community assembly patterns over shrimp developmental stages and disease progression. In addition, shrimp disease initiation and severity can be accurately diagnosed using gut microbiota immaturity and bacterial indicators.
Fostering employees' proactive strategic engagement: Individual and contextual antecedents
Authors: Strobel Maria , Tumasjan Andranik , Spörrle Matthias , Welpe Isabell M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractProactive strategic scanning is an important aspect of employee proactivity and contributes to engaging employees in the organisation‐wide strategy process. It also contributes to strategic renewal and innovation by helping to identify potential strategic opportunities and threats. However, little is known about its antecedents and how HRM may support this valuable resource. To address this gap, we develop and test a model of individual and contextual antecedents of proactive strategic scanning. We hypothesise and find a positive effect of future‐focused personality on strategic scanning which is mediated by promotion‐focused self‐regulation at work. Moreover, we investigate how work design functions as a contextual boundary condition of this mediated effect. The effect is strengthened under high social support but is not influenced by the level of decision‐making autonomy. Our findings point to specific variables which can be targeted by HRM to enhance employees' strategic engagement and innovative behaviour.
Measuring Urban Water Conservation Policies: Toward a Comprehensive Index
Authors: Hess David J. , Wold Christopher A. , Worland Scott C. , Hornberger George M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article (1) discusses existing efforts to measure water conservation policies (WCPs) in the United States (U.S.); (2) suggests general methodological guidelines for creating robust water conservation indices (WCIs); (3) presents a comprehensive template for coding WCPs; (4) introduces a summary index, the Vanderbilt Water Conservation Index (VWCI), which is derived from 79 WCP observations for 197 cities for the year 2015; and (5) compares the VWCI to WCP data extracted from the 2010 American Water Works Association (AWWA) Water and Wastewater Rates survey. Existing approaches to measuring urban WCPs in U.S. cities are limited because they consider only a portion of WCPs or they are restricted geographically. The VWCI consists of a more comprehensive set of 79 observations classified as residential, commercial/industrial, billing structure, drought plan, or general. Our comparison of the VWCI and AWWA survey responses indicate reasonable agreement (ρ = 0.76) between the two WCIs for 98 cities where the data overlap. The correlation suggests the AWWA survey responses can provide fairly robust longitudinal WCP information, but we argue the measurement of WCPs is still in its infancy, and our approach suggests strategies for improving existing methods.