bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’humanista Bernardí Gómez Miedes (1515-1589) i la percepció de la llengua catalana / The humanist Bernardí Gómez Miedes (1515-1589) and the perception of Catalan language
Authors: Escartí Vicent Josep 
Published: August 2016

The Valencian humanist Bernardino Gómez Miedes (1515–1589) was born in Aragon, trained in Rome and near the end of his life appointed Bishop of Albarracin. He gave the Spanish monarchy paraphrases of the Chronicle of Jaume I, first in Latin (1582) and then in Castilian (1584). His interest was clear: to reinforce the political theory, featuring the model of the medieval king, of Caesarism as practiced by the Hapsburgs. Interestingly, Gomez Miedes did not refrain from including juicy comments, analyzed in this paper, about the Crown of Aragon and, in particular, the Catalans.
Semantic Structure in English
Authors: Feist Jim 
Published: August 2016

Syntax puts our meaning (“semantics”) into sentences, and phonology puts the sentences into the sounds that we hear and there must, surely, be a structure in the meaning that is expressed in the syntax and phonology. Some writers use the phrase “semantic structure”, but are referring to conceptual structure; since we can express our conceptual thought in many different linguistic ways, we cannot equate conceptual and semantic structures.
The research reported in this book shows semantic structure to be in part hierarchic, fitting the syntax in which it is expressed, and partly a network, fitting the nature of the mind, from which it springs. It is complex enough to provide for the emotive and imaginative dimensions of language, and for shifts of standard meanings in context, and the “rules” that control them.
Showing the full structure of English semantics requires attention to many currently topical issues, and since the underlying theory is fresh, there are fresh implications for them. The most important of those issues is information structure, which is given full treatment, showing its overall structure, and its relation to semantics and the whole grammar of English.
As of October 2024, this e-book is Open Access under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.
Air Exposure Time of Trout Released by Anglers during Catch and Release
Authors: Lamansky James A. , Meyer Kevin A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Research of catch-and-release fishing has included air exposure time as a contributing factor in the lethal and sublethal impacts to fish. However, to our knowledge, no studies have observed the amount of time anglers actually expose fish to air when recreationally fishing. We observed 280 anglers on several waters where catch and release was commonly practiced for trout and timed how long they exposed trout to air before releasing them back to the water. We also noted several angling characteristics to evaluate whether they influenced air exposure times, including the type of gear (fly, lure, bait), fishing on foot or from a boat, handling method (hand, net), and a subjective measure of trout size (small, medium, large). The longest continuous interval that anglers exposed trout to air averaged 26.1 s (range, 0–160 s), and only 4% of the anglers held fish out of the water continuously for &gt;60 s. Total air exposure averaged 29.4 s, ranged from 0 to 165 s, and differed from the longest air exposure by only 3.3 s because most of the released trout (78%) were held out of the water only one time. Anglers who handled trout by hand (rather than using a landing net) and used flies (rather than bait or lures) held fish out of water for less time. Larger trout were exposed to air longer (xˉ = 36.0 s) than small (xˉ = 22.5 s) or medium-sized (xˉ = 27.1 s) trout. However, no angling characteristic increased air exposure by more than 14 s. Fight time averaged 53.0 s and ranged from 7 to 128 s. We conclude that from an air exposure perspective, most of the trout released by anglers in our study were not exposed to air for times that would cause mortality or substantively increase sublethal effects from catch and release.
Received October 9, 2015; accepted April 18, 2016 Published online August 25, 2016
Is salivary cortisol moderating the relationship between salivary testosterone and hand‐grip strength in healthy men?
Authors: Crewther Blair T. , Thomas Andrew G. , Stewart‐Williams Steve , Kilduff Liam P. , Cook Christian J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study examined the moderating effect of cortisol (C) on the relationship between testosterone (T) and hand‐grip strength (HGS) in healthy young men. Sixty‐five males were monitored for salivary T, C and HGS before and 15 min after a short bout (5 × 6‐s trials) of sprint cycling exercise. Sprint exercise promoted (p < .05) positive changes in T (6.1 ± 24.9%) and HGS (3.4 ± 7.5%), but a negative C response (−14.4 ± 33.1%). The T and C measures did not independently predict HGS, but a significant T × C interaction was found in relation to these outcomes. Further testing revealed that pre‐test T and HGS were negatively associated (p < .05), but only in men with high C levels. The exercise changes in T and HGS were also negatively related in men with low C levels (p < .05), but no relationship was seen in men with high C levels. In summary, complex relationships between T and HGS emerged when considering C as a moderating variable. The pre‐test combination of high C and low T levels favoured absolute HGS, whereas low pre‐test C levels and a smaller T change were linked to larger HGS changes. These associations suggest that, in the current format, T is not necessarily anabolic to muscle strength in healthy young men. Such complexities could also explain some of the inconsistent T relationships with physical performance in lesser trained male populations.
Differential selection on pollen and pistil traits in relation to pollen
competition in the context of a sexual conflict over timing of stigma
receptivity
Authors: Lankinen Åsa , Strandh Maria 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Sexual conflict and its evolutionary consequences are understudied in plants, but the theory of sexual conflict may help explain how selection generates and maintains variability. Here, we investigated selection on pollen and pistil traits when pollen arrives sequentially to partially receptive pistils in relation to pollen competition and a sexual conflict over timing of stigma receptivity in the mixed-mating annual Collinsia heterophylla (Plantaginaceae). In this species the conflict is generated by early fertilizing pollen that reduces seed production, which is counteracted by delaying receptivity in the recipient. We performed sequential two-donor pollinations at early floral developmental stages involving two pollen deposition schedules (with or without a time lag of 1 day), using only outcross or self and outcross pollen. We investigated pollen and pistil traits in relation to siring success (male fitness) and seed production (female fitness). In contrast to previous findings in receptive pistils in C. heterophylla and in other species, last arriving pollen donors showed highest siring success in partially receptive pistils. The last male advantage was weaker when self pollen was the first arriving donor. Two measures of germination rate (early and late) and pollen tube growth rate of first arriving donors were important for siring success in crosses with a time lag, while only late germination rate had an effect in contemporary crosses. Curiously, late stigma receptivity was negatively related to seed production in our contemporary crosses, which was opposite to expectation. Our results in combination with previous studies suggest that pollen and pistil traits in C. heterophylla are differentially advantageous depending on stage of floral development and varying pollen deposition schedules. Variation in success of these traits over floral development time may result from sexually antagonistic selection.
LoFtool: a gene intolerance score based on loss-of-function variants in 60 706 individuals
Authors: Fadista João , Oskolkov Nikolay , Hansson Ola , Groop Leif 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Motivation
Depletion of loss-of-function (LoF) mutations may provide a rank of genic functional intolerance and consequently susceptibility to disease.

Results
Here we have studied LoF mutations in 60 706 unrelated individuals and show that the most intolerant quartile of ranked genes is enriched in rare and early onset diseases and explains 87% of de novo haploinsufficient OMIM mutations, 17% more than any other gene scoring tool. We detected particular enrichment in expression of the depleted LoF genes in brain (odds ratio = 1.5; P-value = 4.2e−07). By searching for de novo haploinsufficient mutations putatively associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in four recent studies, we were able to explain 81% of them. Taken together, this study provides a novel gene intolerance ranking system, called LoFtool, which may help in ranking genes of interest based on their LoF intolerance and tissue expression.

Availability and implementation
The LoFtool gene scores are available in the Supplementary data.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Analysis of MRI Utilization in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Huang Yolanda Y. , Ing Caleb , Li Gouhua , Sun Lena S. 
Published: August 2016

Introduction:
Although animal studies have consistently demonstrated long-term neurocognitive deficits following early anesthetic exposure under certain conditions, risk in human children remains unknown. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in young patients often requires anesthesia to facilitate image acquisition. We studied MRI utilization in a pediatric population, and associated use of anesthesia for ambulatory MRI.

Materials and Methods:
Data were obtained from the New York State Inpatient Database and State Ambulatory Surgery and Services Database on MRI performed in children under the age of 18 years from 2005 to 2011. Demographic characteristics of children who underwent inpatient or ambulatory MRI were evaluated. A subset of ambulatory MRI patients was assessed to evaluate associated use of anesthesia.

Results:
Overall, 2% of pediatric inpatient discharges (55,036/2,779,507), and 0.5% of pediatric ambulatory encounters (4670/943,520), had MRI performed. Inpatient MRI utilization did not change over time. Ambulatory MRI utilization decreased by 55.2%, from 8.07 per 1000 encounters in 2005 to 2006 to 3.62 per 1000 encounters in 2007 to 2011 (P<0.001). Associated use of anesthesia for ambulatory MRI in children aged below 1 year, 1 to below 6 years, 6 to below 12 years, and 12 to below 18 years, was 91.1%, 83.6%, 74.6%, and 47.5%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Significant percentages of MRI in children are associated with use of anesthesia, particularly in younger children, a population potentially more vulnerable to anesthetic neurotoxicity. Discussion of risks and benefits of anesthesia for MRI in children among physicians, patients, and families is recommended.
Auditory Distraction and Acclimatization to Hearing Aids
Authors: Dawes Piers , Munro Kevin J. 
Published: August 2016

Objective:
It is widely recognized by hearing aid users and audiologists that a period of auditory acclimatization and adjustment is needed for new users to become accustomed to their devices. The aim of the present study was to test the idea that auditory acclimatization and adjustment to hearing aids involves a process of learning to “tune out” newly audible but undesirable sounds, which are described by new hearing aid users as annoying and distracting. It was hypothesized that (1) speech recognition thresholds in noise would improve over time for new hearing aid users, (2) distractibility to noise would reduce over time for new hearing aid users, (3) there would be a correlation between improved speech recognition in noise and reduced distractibility to background sounds, (4) improvements in speech recognition and distraction would be accompanied by self-report of reduced annoyance, and (5) improvements in speech recognition and distraction would be associated with higher general cognitive ability and more hearing aid use.

Design:
New adult hearing aid users (n = 35) completed a test of aided speech recognition in noise (SIN) and a test of auditory distraction by background sound amplified by hearing aids on the day of fitting and 1, 7, 14, and 30 days post fitting. At day 30, participants completed self-ratings of the annoyance of amplified sounds. Daily hearing aid use was measured via hearing aid data logging, and cognitive ability was measured with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence block design test. A control group of experienced hearing aid users (n = 20) completed the tests over a similar time frame.

Results:
At day 30, there was no statistically significant improvement in SIN among new users versus experienced users. However, levels of hearing loss and hearing aid use varied widely among new users. A subset of new users with moderate hearing loss who wore their hearing aids at least 6 hr/day (n = 10) had significantly improved SIN (by ~3-dB signal to noise ratio), compared with a control group of experienced hearing aid users. Improvements in SIN were associated with more consistent HA use and more severe hearing loss. No improvements in the test of auditory distraction by background sound were observed. Improvements in SIN were associated with self-report of background sound being less distracting and greater self-reported hearing aid benefit. There was no association between improvements in SIN and cognitive ability or between SIN and auditory distraction.

Conclusions:
Improvements in SIN were accompanied by self-report of background sounds being less intrusive, consistent with auditory acclimatization involving a process of learning to “tune out” newly audible unwanted sounds. More severe hearing loss may afford the room for improvement required to show better SIN performance with time. Consistent hearing aid use may facilitate acclimatization to hearing aids and better SIN performance.
Revisiting Tension Band Fixation for Difficult Patellar Fractures
Authors: Hambright Dustin S. , Walley Kempland C. , Hall Amber , Appleton Paul T. , Rodriguez Edward K. 
Published: August 2016

Summary:
Patella fractures with comminution, osteoporotic bone, and/or previously failed fixation are exceedingly difficult to reduce and fix. Moreover, the risk of symptomatic constructs and patients who are poorly compliant with postoperative activity restrictions can make these complex fracture patterns an even more challenging scenario. Although there is an array of techniques described for comminuted patella fractures, there lacks an accepted surgical technique for these difficult cases. In this clinical series, we describe an enhancement to the traditional tension band construct that uses additional wires and multiple tension bands to gather and fix comminuted fracture patterns in nontransverse planes, bolster osteoporotic bone, and secure fractures in patients undergoing a revision and/or have potential to be poorly compliant with postoperative activity restrictions. The clinical outcomes of 27 patients demonstrate high rates of bony union, functional range of motion, and low rates of both infection and failure. In conclusion, using the basic principles of tension band wiring remains highly versatile, useful, and economical in approaching difficult patella fractures.
Discrimination and Acculturation Stress: A Longitudinal Study of Children's Well-Being from Prenatal Development to 5 Years of Age
Authors: Zeiders Katharine H. , Umaña-Taylor Adriana J. , Jahromi Laudan B. , Updegraff Kimberly A. , White Rebecca M. B. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To examine whether cumulative family discrimination and acculturation stress (prenatally to 24 months postpartum) among Mexican-origin adolescent mothers and their mother-figures predicted children's socio-emotional functioning and academic achievement at 5 years of age, and the role of maternal depressive symptoms and mother–child interactions in the association.

Method:
Mexican-origin families (N = 204) with an adolescent mother, a child, and a mother-figure participated in a 6-wave longitudinal study (2007–2013). Families were recruited and interviewed during the adolescent mother's pregnancy; adolescent mothers, mother-figures, and children were then assessed annually for the next 5 years using a combination of interview-based survey and observational methods. Maternal reports of children's socio-emotional behaviors (measured using the Child Behavior Checklist) and children's academic achievement (assessed with the Woodcock Johnson III Tests of Achievement/Bateria III Woodcock-Muñoz) were used.

Results:
Structural equation modeling revealed that greater cumulative family discrimination and acculturation stress from pregnancy to 24 months postpartum predicted higher adolescent mothers' depressive symptoms, greater mother–child intrusive interactions, and less mother sensitivity at 36 months postpartum. Maternal depressive symptoms were positively related to children's CBCL symptoms at 60 months postpartum. Greater cumulative discrimination and acculturation stressors directly predicted children's lower Woodcock Johnson/Bateria test scores after accounting for socio-economic status.

Conclusion:
Mexican-origin adolescent mothers' and mother figures' cumulative discrimination and acculturation stress from pregnancy through children's second birthday predicted children's socio-emotional and academic achievement at age 5. Overall, the findings underscore the cumulative impact of these stressors on well-being in a population with substantial public health significance.
Application of Palpebral Spring in Asian Patients With Paralytic Lagophthalmos
Authors: Chan Richie Chiu-Lung , Chan Jimmy Yu-Wai 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
Literature on palpebral springs is scarce, and even more so for the Asian population. In this study, the authors evaluated their experience with palpebral spring placement for paralytic lagophthalmos in an Asian population. The authors report the unique challenges encountered due to the distinctive features in Asian eyelids and how they overcome them. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the application of palpebral springs in Asians.

Methods:
All patients treated for paralytic lagophthalmos in the Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, from November 2013 to December 2015, were included in this study. The authors retrieved and analyzed the demographic data, preoperative assessment details, and treatment outcomes.

Results:
A total of 17 patients were recruited. The median interval between facial palsy occurrence and surgery was 66 months. Preoperatively, vertical palpebral fissure was 12.3 ± 1.7 mm with margin reflex distance 1 of 3.7 ± 0.3 mm and margin reflex distance 2 of 8.6 ± 1.6 mm. Lagophthalmos before surgery was 9.6 ± 2.3 mm. After the palpebral spring surgeries, vertical palpebral fissure was reduced to 9.1 ± 1.4 mm. margin reflex distance 1 is slightly reduced (3.3 ± 0.8 mm) and margin reflex distance 2 improved to 5.8 ± 1.0 mm. Lagophthalmos reduced significantly to 0.8 ± 1.3 mm. Seven patients required revision procedures.

Conclusions:
Palpebral spring is a safe and effective treatment for Asian patients with paralytic lagophthalmos. However, surgeons should be aware of the unique challenges associated with the anatomy of Asian eyelids. Special adaptation of the procedure is required to optimize the outcome.
The evolution and outcome of surveillance of Barrett’s oesophagus over four decades in a UK District General Hospital
Authors: Royston Christine , Caygill Christine , Charlett Andre , Bardhan Karna Dev 
Published: August 2016

Introduction
We present the long-term outcome of Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) at a District General Hospital set against the increasing numbers of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).

Methods
Data were collected prospectively over 37 years. Comparison of GORD without Barrett’s (NoBO) versus BO was performed from 1/1/1977 to 31/12/2001 when the NoBO database closed and outcomes of all cases of BO diagnosed until 31/12/2011 and followed up until 31/12/2013 have been reported.

Results
During the period 1977–2001 the number of GORD NoBO cases was 11 610, and that of BO cases was 764 (6.2% of all GORD); total number of BO cases in 1977–2011 was 1468. NoBO patients were younger than BO patients: 52.2 versus 61.6 years. There was a male predominance in both groups: NoBO 55% and BO 62% (P<0.0001). The prevalence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) was 87/1468 (5.9%) BO cases. Its incidence was 54/1381 (3.9%); the mean interval between the diagnosis of BO and incident OAC was 9 years (range 13 months–25.4 years); there was one OAC per 192 patient-years of follow-up (0.52% per year). Mortality was significantly lower in 37 patients under endoscopic surveillance at the time OAC was diagnosed (51 vs. 88% P=0.0141) partly because of older age and comorbidity of the other 17, in whom serial endoscopy was contraindicated. A proportional hazards model to allow for age estimated that the hazard rate ratio was lower in the surveillance group; however, this difference did not reach statistical significance (0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.30–1.48, P=0.08). Excluding prevalent cancers from both groups, mortality in BO was double that in NoBO (47 vs. 24%).

Conclusion
These 37 years of observation suggest, but do not confirm, that endoscopic surveillance may reduce the risk of death from OAC. Modern technology is likely to yield better results, but larger prospective studies are needed to confirm the benefits.
Central Corneal Thickness Reproducibility among Ten Different Instruments
Authors: Pierro Luisa , Iuliano Lorenzo , Gagliardi Marco , Ambrosi Alessandro , Rama Paolo , Bandello Francesco 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeTo assess agreement between one ultrasonic (US) and nine optical instruments for the measurement of central corneal thickness (CCT), and to evaluate intra- and inter-operator reproducibility.MethodsIn this observational cross-sectional study, two masked operators measured CCT thickness twice in 28 healthy eyes. We used seven spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) devices, one time-domain OCT, one Scheimpflug camera, and one US-based instrument. Inter- and intra-operator reproducibility was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), and Bland-Altman test analysis. Instrument-to-instrument reproducibility was determined by ANOVA for repeated measurements. We also tested how the devices disagreed regarding systemic bias and random error using a structural equation model.ResultsMean CCT of all instruments ranged from 536 ± 42 μm to 577 ± 40 μm. An instrument-to-instrument correlation test showed high values among the 10 investigated devices (correlation coefficient range 0.852–0.995; p values <0.0001 in all cases). The highest correlation coefficient values were registered between 3D OCT-2000 Topcon—Spectral OCT/SLO Opko (0.995) and Cirrus HD-OCT Zeiss—RS-3000 Nidek (0.995), whereas the lowest were seen between SS-1000 CASIA and Spectral OCT/SLO Opko (0.852). ICC and CV showed excellent inter- and intra-operator reproducibility for all optic-based devices, except for the US-based device. Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated low mean biases between operators.ConclusionsDespite highlighting good intra- and inter-operator reproducibility, we found that a scale bias between instruments might interfere with thorough CCT monitoring. We suggest that optimal monitoring is achieved with the same operator and the same device.