bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REDUÇÃO DE EMISSÕES DE CO2 PELA PRODUÇÃO DE BIOCOMBUSTÍVEIS A PARTIR DE ÓLEO DE DENDÊ NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Godinho Cassol Henrique Luis , Clímaco de Melo Lara , Da Silva Mendes Fernanda , Fonseca Rogério , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto 
Published: April 2016

O estudo pretende estimar a redução de CO2 proporcionada pela produção de biocombustíveis a partir do óleo de dendê nas áreas aptas ao cultivo, segundo o ZAE-Dendê da Amazônia Brasileira. Essas estimativas, ainda escassas na literatura, são parte das diretrizes governamentais frente às mudanças climáticas. Tais diretrizes envolvem a mensuração de dois reservatórios de carbono potenciais: i) a fixação de CO2 atmosférico proveniente do acúmulo na biomassa nos plantios; e ii) a redução de emissões de CO2 oriundas da substituição de combustíveis fósseis por biocombustíveis (menos poluentes), gerados a partir de óleo de dendê. Os resultados demonstram que, ao longo do período de cultivo, 151,85 Mg.CO2eq.ha-1 podem ser estocados na biomassa acima do solo. Em um cenário de aproveitamento potencial para a produção de óleo de palma de 35 milhões de hectares de áreas desmatadas da Amazônia brasileira, 5,3 bilhões Mg.CO2eq poderiam ser absorvidas com o plantio. Entretanto, aproximadamente 90% do CO2 absorvido retorna à atmosfera durante o processo de produção, devido à baixa tecnologia aplicada, tornando imprescindível o reaproveitamento dos resíduos da produção para aumentar a eficiência da redução de CO2.
Material and device engineering in fully depleted silicon-on-insulator transistors to realize a steep subthreshold swing using negative capacitance
Authors: Ota Hiroyuki , Migita Shinji , Hattori Junichi , Fukuda Koichi , Toriumi Akira 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper discusses material and device engineering in field-effect transistors (FETs) with HfO2-based ferroelectric gate insulators to attain a precipitous subthreshold swing (SS) by exploiting negative capacitance. Our physical analysis based on a new concept of a negative dielectric constant reveals that fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) channels with a modest remnant polarization P
r (3 µC/cm2 at most) are more suitable for realizing SS < 60 mV/decade than a higher P
r of 10 µC/cm2, which is commonly reported for HfO2-based ferroelectric materials. We also confirm SS < 60 mV/decade in more than 5 orders of the subthreshold current in FD-SOI FETs with ferroelectric HfO2 gate insulators by device simulation.
Comparative ionospheric impacts and solar origins of nine strong geomagnetic storms in 2010–2015
Authors: Wood Brian E. , Lean Judith L. , McDonald Sarah E. , Wang Yi‐Ming 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFor nine of the strongest geomagnetic storms in solar cycle 24 we characterize, quantify, and compare the impacts on ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and the U.S. Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) with the heliospheric morphology and kinematics of the responsible coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and their solar source regions. Regional TEC responses to the events are similar in many respects, especially in the initial positive phase. For the subsequent negative phase, Dst is a better indicator than ap of the magnitude of the TEC decrease. The five events that arrive between 13:00 UT and 21:00 UT (local daytime in the U.S.) produce large WAAS degradations, and the four events that arrive outside this time of day produce lesser or no WAAS degradation. Our sample of geoeffective events includes CMEs with only modestly fast speeds, ones that only provided glancing impacts on Earth by their shock sheaths and ones not associated with any significant flare. While all of the CMEs traveled faster than the solar wind, they nevertheless have a wide range of velocities and produced a range of Bz values; neither speed nor Bz correlates significantly with ionospheric impact. Comparison with the locations of surface activity leads to estimates of deflection for the CMEs, with the average deflection being 19°. At least a few events may have missed Earth entirely in the absence of coronal deflection.
Data and numerical analysis of astronomic tides, wind‐waves, and hurricane storm surge along the northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Bilskie M. V. , Hagen S. C. , Medeiros S. C. , Cox A. T. , Salisbury M. , Coggin D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) is a unique geophysical setting for complex tropical storm‐induced hydrodynamic processes that occur across a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Each hurricane includes its own distinctive characteristics and can cause unique and devastating storm surge when it strikes within the intricate geometric setting of the NGOM. While a number of studies have explored hurricane storm surge in the NGOM, few have attempted to describe storm surge and coastal inundation using observed data in conjunction with a single large‐domain high‐resolution numerical model. To better understand the oceanic and nearshore response to these tropical cyclones, we provide a detailed assessment, based on field measurements and numerical simulation, of the evolution of wind waves, water levels, and currents for Hurricanes Ivan (2004), Dennis (2005), Katrina (2005), and Isaac (2012), with focus on Mississippi, Alabama, and the Florida Panhandle coasts. The developed NGOM3 computational model describes the hydraulic connectivity among the various inlet and bay systems, Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, coastal rivers and adjacent marsh, and built infrastructure along the coastal floodplain. The outcome is a better understanding of the storm surge generating mechanisms and interactions among hurricane characteristics and the NGOM's geophysical configuration. The numerical analysis and observed data explain the ∼2 m/s hurricane‐induced geostrophic currents across the continental shelf, a 6 m/s outflow current during Ivan, the hurricane‐induced coastal Kelvin wave along the shelf, and for the first time a wealth of measured data and a detailed numerical simulation was performed and was presented for Isaac.
Photochemical processing of diesel fuel emissions as a large secondary source of isocyanic acid (HNCO)
Authors: Link M. F. , Friedman B. , Fulgham R. , Brophy P. , Galang A. , Jathar S. H. , Veres P. , Roberts J. M. , Farmer D. K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIsocyanic acid (HNCO) is a well‐known air pollutant that affects human health. Biomass burning, smoking, and combustion engines are known HNCO sources, but recent studies suggest that secondary production in the atmosphere may also occur. We directly observed photochemical production of HNCO from the oxidative aging of diesel exhaust during the Diesel Exhaust Fuel and Control experiments at Colorado State University using acetate ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Emission ratios of HNCO were enhanced, after 1.5 days of simulated atmospheric aging, from 50 to 230 mg HNCO/kg fuel at idle engine operating conditions. Engines operated at higher loads resulted in less primary and secondary HNCO formation, with emission ratios increasing from 20 to 40 mg HNCO/kg fuel under 50% load engine operating conditions. These results suggest that photochemical sources of HNCO could be more significant than primary sources in urban areas.
Long‐duration depletion in the topside ionospheric total electron content during the recovery phase of the March 2015 strong storm
Authors: Zhong Jiahao , Wang Wenbin , Yue Xinan , Burns Alan G. , Dou Xiankang , Lei Jiuhou 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTopside ionospheric total electron content (TEC) observations from multiple low‐Earth orbit (LEO) satellites have been used to investigate the local time, altitudinal, and longitudinal dependence of the topside ionospheric storm effect during both the main and recovery phases of the March 2015 geomagnetic storm. The results of this study show, for the first time, that there was a persistent topside TEC depletion that lasted for more than 3 days after the storm main phase at most longitudes, except in the Pacific Ocean region, where the topside TECs during the storm recovery phase were comparable to the quiet time ones. The observed depletion in the topside ionospheric TEC was relatively larger at higher altitudes in the evening sector and greater at local times closer to midnight. Moreover, the topside TEC patterns observed by MetOp‐A (832 km) were different from those seen by other LEO satellites with lower orbital altitudes during the storm main phase and at the beginning of the recovery phase, especially in the evening sector. This suggests that the physical processes that control the storm time behavior of topside ionospheric response to storms are altitude‐dependent.
Identification of protein interfaces within the multi‐aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase complex: the case of lysyl‐tRNA synthetase and the scaffold protein p38
Authors: Rémion Azaria , Khoder‐Agha Fawzi , Cornu David , Argentini Manuela , Redeker Virginie , Mirande Marc 
Published: April 2016

Human cytoplasmic lysyl‐tRNA synthetase (LysRS) is associated within a multi‐aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). Within this complex, the p38 component is the scaffold protein that binds the catalytic domain of LysRS via its N‐terminal region. In addition to its translational function when associated to the MSC, LysRS is also recruited in nontranslational roles after dissociation from the MSC. The balance between its MSC‐associated and MSC‐dissociated states is essential to regulate the functions of LysRS in cellular homeostasis. With the aim of understanding the rules that govern association of LysRS in the MSC, we analyzed the protein interfaces between LysRS and the full‐length version of p38, the scaffold protein of the MSC. In a previous study, the cocrystal structure of LysRS with a N‐terminal peptide of p38 was reported [Ofir‐Birin Y et al. (2013) Mol Cell 49, 30–42]. In order to identify amino acid residues involved in interaction of the two proteins, the non‐natural, photo‐cross‐linkable amino acid p‐benzoyl‐l‐phenylalanine (Bpa) was incorporated at 27 discrete positions within the catalytic domain of LysRS. Among the 27 distinct LysRS mutants, only those with Bpa inserted in place of Lys356 or His364 were cross‐linked with p38. Using mass spectrometry, we unambiguously identified the protein interface of the cross‐linked complex and showed that Lys356 and His364 of LysRS interact with the peptide from Pro8 to Arg26 in native p38, in agreement with the published cocrystal structure. This interface, which in LysRS is located on the opposite side of the dimer to the site of interaction with its tRNA substrate, defines the core region of the MSC. The residues identified herein in human LysRS are not conserved in yeast LysRS, an enzyme that does not associate within the MSC, and contrast with the residues proposed to be essential for LysRS:p38 association in the earlier work.
Tetrachloroethylene [Air Monitoring Methods, 2014]
Authors: Tschickardt M. , Krämer W. , Hebisch R. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2016

This analytical method is a validated measurement procedure for the determination of tetrachloroethylene and for monitoring its Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) at workplaces. Sampling is performed by drawing a defined volume of air through an adsorption tube filled with Chromosorb 106 using a flow‐regulated pump. The flow rate is set to 5 mL/min with a recommended air sample volume of 200 mL. The collected tetrachloroethylene is thermally desorbed and analysed by means of gas chromatography fitted with two detectors, a flame ionisation detector (FID) for quantification and a mass selective detector (MSD) for identification and quantification. The quantitative determination is based on a calibration function obtained by means of a multiple‐point calibration and also on the blank value method. The limit of quantification (LOQ) is determined on the basis of aliquots from 1 to 10 mL of the calibration gas in the lower concentration range. The LOQ is 1.9 mg/m
3
for the calibration line method and 0.6 mg/m
3
for the blank value method. The expanded uncertainty was 14.4% over the measurement range.
Di‐n‐butylphosphonat und Di‐n‐octylphosphonat [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2016]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2016

Di‐n‐butyl phosphonate und Di‐n‐octyl phosphonate
The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated di‐n‐butyl phosphonate and di‐n‐octyl phosphonate to derive a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value), considering all toxicity endpoints. Unpublished study reports and publications are described in detail. In vitro genotoxicity tests are negative; in vivo data are not available. Critical effect for both substances is irritation of skin or eyes. No repeated dose studies are available to define possible local and systemic effects. Therefore, no MAK value can be established and di‐n‐butyl phosphonate and di‐n‐octyl phosphonate are assigned to Section II b of the List of MAK and BAT values. Skin contact is not expected to contribute significantly to systemic toxicity. A maximization test with di‐n‐octyl phosphonate and an in vitro test with di‐n‐butyl phosphonate do not show sensitizing activity.
4,4′‐Dicyclohexylmethandiisocyanat [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2016]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2016

4,4'‐Dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate4,4'‐Dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate is an intermediate in the chemical industry. It is mainly used for the manufacture of coating materials, adhesives or prepolymers and for the production of elastomers. 4,4'‐Dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate is moderately to severely irritating to the skin. Animal data on the skin sensitizing potential of 4,4'‐dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate are not uniform and some studies are incompletely documented. Nevertheless, data frequently provide evidence of a skin sensitizing potential of the substance and sensitization has also been observed in a series of local lymph node assays in mice. Several human case reports describe allergic contact dermatitis due to 4,4'‐dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate exposure. Clinical data on hypersensitivity reactions of the airways are lacking, although structural relationship to other members of the group of diisocyanates and animal data support to some extent the hypothesis that respiratory hypersensitivity may also be induced by 4,4'‐dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate. But, as no validated animal model is available to assess the potential for respiratory sensitization in humans, sufficient evidence for such an effect could not be found. In conclusion, 4,4'‐dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate is designated with “Sh” (for skin‐sensitizing substances) but not with “Sa” (for substances causing airway sensitization).
Thioglycolic acid and its salts [MAK Value Documentation, 2013]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2016

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated thioglycolic acid and its salts to derive a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value), considering all toxicity endpoints. Available publications are described in detail. As the critical effect of thioglycolic acid is local irritation, but there are no inhalation studies available for this substance, no MAK value can be derived and thioglycolic acid is listed in Section II b of the List of MAK and BAT Values. Thioglycolates are slightly irritating to the skin and eyes of rabbits. In the 13‐week gavage study in rats changes in biochemical parameters and hepatocellular microvacuolization are found in the females at 20 mg/kg body weight and day and above. The NOAEL is 7 mg sodium thioglycolate/kg body weight and day. An amplification of the effects with increasing exposure duration cannot be excluded. As the irritation potency is low, a MAK value of 2 mg thioglycolate/m3for the inhalable fraction can be derived. As the critical effect is systemic, thioglycolates are assigned to Peak Limitation Category II. The default excursion factor of 2 is set as no half‐life in blood is known. In rats, the oral NOAEL for developmental toxicity is 75 mg ammonium thioglycolate/kg body weight and day and the dermal NOAEL is 100 mg sodium thioglycolate/kg body weight and day. The dermal NOAEL for developmental toxicity in rabbits is 65 mg sodium thioglycolate/kg body weight and day, the highest dose tested. Scaling of these NOAEL to a concentration in the work‐place air shows that damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely when the MAK value or the BAT value is observed and thioglycolates are classified in Pregnancy Risk Group C. Thioglycolic acid and its salts are not genotoxic. In a carcinogenicity study with mice given sodium thioglycolate doses of up to 13.3 mg/kg body weight twice a week dermally, tumour incidences are not increased. In humans, thioglycolic acid and its salts have a low potential for contact sensitization. A local lymph node assay, however, indicates a contact sensitization potential for ammonium thioglycolate. Thioglycolic acid and its salts are therefore designated with an “Sh” notation. Skin contact may contribute significantly to systemic toxicity and thioglycolic acid and its salts are designated with an “H” notation.
N‐(1,3‐Dimethylbutyl)‐N′‐phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine (6‐PPD) [MAK Value Documentation, 2013]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2016

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) of
N‐
(1,3‐dimethylbutyl)‐
N′‐
phenyl
‐p‐
phenylenediamine, considering all toxicity endpoints. Available unpublished study reports and publications are described in detail. Critical effects of
N‐
(1,3‐dimethylbutyl)‐
N′‐
phenyl
‐p‐
phenylenediamine are increased liver weights, changes in haematological parameters with mild anaemia after higher doses and its skin‐sensitizing property. The chronic NOAEL in male rats is 2.6 mg/kg body weight based on effects on the liver which can be used to calculate a MAK value of 2 mg/m
3
for the inhalable fraction. This value also provides protection from irritation. As the critical effect is systemic, Peak Limitation Category II is assigned. The default excursion factor of 2 is set as no half‐life in blood is known. Damage to the embryo is unlikely if the MAK value for
N‐
(1,3‐dimethylbutyl)‐
N′‐
phenyl
‐p‐
phenylenediamine is observed and the substance is classified in Pregnancy Risk Group C.
N‐
(1,3‐dimethylbutyl)‐
N′‐
phenyl
‐p‐
phenylenediamine is a skin sensitizer and the designation with “Sh” is assigned. There are no data concerning the potential for respiratory sensitization. Skin contact is not expected to contribute significantly to systemic toxicity.
N‐
(1,3‐dimethylbutyl)‐
N′‐
phenyl
‐p‐
phenylenediamine is not genotoxic or carcinogenic.
Allene‐Based Gold‐Catalyzed Stereodivergent Synthesis of Azapolycyclic Derivatives of Unusual Structure
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Martín‐Montero Raúl , Ruiz M. Pilar 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe present study provides insights into the manner in which the configuration of β‐aminoallene precursors affects their gold‐catalyzed cyclization reactions. The reactivity can be switched by using indolizidinone‐tethered β‐aminoallenes bearing the syn‐ or the anti‐disposition of both protons at the α‐ and β‐allenic stereocenters. Fused heterocycles (seven examples, 60–75% yields) are obtained from the syn‐precursors, while a dimerization–aminoketalization–spirocyclization sequence to afford benzo[b]pyrrolo[3,2,1‐ij][1,7]naphthyridin‐1‐ones (four examples, 34–48% yields) can be achieved starting from their anti‐isomers.magnified image
Domino Meyer–Schuster/Arylation Reaction of Alkynols or Alkynyl Hydroperoxides with Diazonium Salts Promoted by Visible Light under Dual Gold and Ruthenium Catalysis
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Busto Eduardo , Luna Amparo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA method for the arylative coupling of alkynols or alkynyl hydroperoxides using equimolar amounts of diazonium salts at room temperature has been achieved through application of a gold/photoredox dual catalytic system. The excess of external reagents (oxidant or base) and high temperatures required by previous arylative Meyer–Schuster rearrangement protocols are avoided by exploitation of a visible light‐mediated process.magnified image
Synthesis of 6‐Alkyl‐6 H‐benzo[c]chromene Derivatives by Cyclization/Selective Ether Cleavage in One Pot: Total Synthesis of Cannabinol
Authors: Norseeda Krissada , Tummatorn Jumreang , Krajangsri Suppachai , Thongsornkleeb Charnsak , Ruchirawat Somsak 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA convenient synthesis of 6‐alkyl‐6 H‐benzo[c]chromenes is demonstrated in a one‐pot manner. This method involved the cyclization/selective ether cleavage of 1‐(2′‐alkoxybiaryl‐2‐yl)alkanol derivatives by using PBr3 in the presence of LiI to obtain the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. Moreover, we also applied this method as a key step in the total synthesis of the natural product cannabinol, which was completed in four steps in good overall yield.
Risk factors for the delayed onset of neuropsychologic sequelae following carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: Kitamoto Takeshi , Tsuda Masanobu , Kato Masaki , Saito Fukuki , Kamijo Yoshito , Kinoshita Toshihiko 
Published: April 2016

AimCarbon monoxide (CO) poisoning often manifests delayed neuropsychological sequelae. The risks and preventive factors for the development of delayed neuropsychological sequelae are controversial at present. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the risk factors for this condition.MethodWe studied 81 patients with CO poisoning admitted to the Critical Care and Emergency Medicine Center at the Kansai Medical University from 2006 to 2012. All patients (64 males and 17 females; average age, 45.9 years) were divided into non‐ delayed neuropsychological sequelae and delayed neuropsychological sequelae groups and retrospectively studied. Patient data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThe results of our study indicated that prolonged CO exposure, elevated serum creatinine phosphokinase levels, head image abnormality in the basal ganglion or white matter region, low Glasgow Coma Scale score, bedsore occurrence, and CO poisoning attributable to burning charcoal were each predictive risk factors for the development of delayed neuropsychological sequelae. Bedsore occurrence and serum creatinine phosphokinase elevation were significant risk factors by multivariate analysis, whereas no significant differences were found for age, gender, mean blood pressure, heart rate, arterial carboxyhemoglobin and lactate concentrations, or base excess.ConclusionWe identified several predictive risk factors of delayed neuropsychological sequelae. We believe that these factors will contribute to identifying optimum therapeutic methods and follow‐up terms for patients with acute CO poisoning at risk of developing delayed neuropsychological sequelae.