bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A DEEP CHANDRA ACIS SURVEY OF M51∗
Authors: Kuntz K. D. , Long Knox S. , Kilgard Roy E. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We have obtained a deep X-ray image of the nearby galaxy M51 using Chandra. Here we present the catalog of X-ray sources detected in these observations and provide an overview of the properties of the point-source population. We find 298 sources within the D
25 radii of NGC 5194/5, of which 20% are variable, a dozen are classical transients, and another half dozen are transient-like sources. The typical number of active ultraluminous X-ray sources in any given observation is ∼5, and only two of those sources persist in an ultraluminous state over the 12 yr of observations. Given reasonable assumptions about the supernova remnant population, the luminosity function is well described by a power law with an index between 1.55 and 1.7, only slightly shallower than that found for populations dominated by high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs), which suggests that the binary population in NGC 5194 is also dominated by HMXBs. The luminosity function of NGC 5195 is more consistent with a low-mass X-ray binary dominated population.
REVERBERATION MAPPING OF THE BROAD LINE REGION: APPLICATION TO A HYDRODYNAMICAL LINE-DRIVEN DISK WIND SOLUTION
Authors: Waters Tim , Kashi Amit , Proga Daniel , Eracleous Michael , Barth Aaron J. , Greene Jenny 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The latest analysis efforts in reverberation mapping are beginning to allow reconstruction of echo images (or velocity-delay maps) that encode information about the structure and kinematics of the broad line region (BLR) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Such maps can constrain sophisticated physical models for the BLR. The physical picture of the BLR is often theorized to be a photoionized wind launched from the AGN accretion disk. Previously we showed that the line-driven disk wind solution found in an earlier simulation by Proga and Kallman is virialized over a large distance from the disk. This finding implies that, according to this model, black hole masses can be reliably estimated through reverberation mapping techniques. However, predictions of echo images expected from line-driven disk winds are not available. Here, after presenting the necessary radiative transfer methodology, we carry out the first calculations of such predictions. We find that the echo images are quite similar to other virialized BLR models such as randomly orbiting clouds and thin Keplerian disks. We conduct a parameter survey exploring how echo images, line profiles, and transfer functions depend on both the inclination angle and the line opacity. We find that the line profiles are almost always single peaked, while transfer functions tend to have tails extending to large time delays. The outflow, despite being primarily equatorially directed, causes an appreciable blueshifted excess on both the echo image and line profile when seen from lower inclinations (

). This effect may be observable in low ionization lines such as

.
SYMPATHETIC SOLAR FILAMENT ERUPTIONS
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Ying D. , Zimovets Ivan , Hu Huidong , Dai Xinghua , Yang Zhongwei 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The 2015 March 15 coronal mass ejection as one of the two that together drove the largest geomagnetic storm of solar cycle 24 so far was associated with sympathetic filament eruptions. We investigate the relations between the different filaments involved in the eruption. A surge-like small-scale filament motion is confirmed as the trigger that initiated the erupting filament with multi-wavelength observations and using a forced magnetic field extrapolation method. When the erupting filament moved to an open magnetic field region, it experienced an obvious acceleration process and was accompanied by a C-class flare and the rise of another larger filament that eventually failed to erupt. We measure the decay index of the background magnetic field, which presents a critical height of 118 Mm. Combining with a potential field source surface extrapolation method, we analyze the distributions of the large-scale magnetic field, which indicates that the open magnetic field region may provide a favorable condition for F2 rapid acceleration and have some relation with the largest solar storm. The comparison between the successful and failed filament eruptions suggests that the confining magnetic field plays an important role in the preconditions for an eruption.
FIRST RESULTS FROM THE FAINT INFRARED GRISM SURVEY (FIGS): FIRST SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF Lyα EMISSION AND LYMAN BREAK FROM A GALAXY AT z = 7.51
Authors: Tilvi V. , Pirzkal N. , Malhotra S. , Finkelstein S. L. , Rhoads J. E. , Windhorst R. , Grogin N. A. , Koekemoer A. , Zakamska N. L. , Ryan R. , Christensen L. , Hathi N. , Pharo J. , Joshi B. , Yang H. , Gronwall C. , Cimatti A. , Walsh J. , O’Connell R. , Straughn A. , Ostlin G. , Rothberg B. , Livermore R. C. , Hibon P. , Gardner Jonathan P. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Galaxies at high redshifts are a valuable tool for studying cosmic dawn, therefore it is crucial to reliably identify these galaxies. Here, we present an unambiguous and first simultaneous detection of both the Lyα emission and the Lyman break from a

z
=
7.512

±

0.004

galaxy, observed in the Faint Infrared Grism Survey (FIGS). These spectra, taken with the G102 grism on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), show a significant emission line detection (

6
σ

) in two observational position angles (PAs), with Lyα line flux of

1.06
±
0.19
×

10

−
17

erg

s

−
1

cm

−
2

. The line flux is nearly a factor of four higher than that in the archival MOSFIRE spectroscopic observations. This is consistent with other recent observations, implying that ground-based near-infrared spectroscopy underestimates the total emission line fluxes, and if confirmed, can have strong implications for reionization studies that are based on ground-based Lyα measurements. A 4σ detection of the NV line in one PA also suggests a weak active galactic nucleus (AGN), and if confirmed, would make this source the highest-redshift AGN yet found. These observations from HST thus clearly demonstrate the sensitivity of the FIGS survey, and the capability of grism spectroscopy for studying the epoch of reionization.
Conséquences macroéconomiques du vieillissement de la population
Authors: Lee Ronald , Mason Andrew 
Published: August 2016

La baisse de la fécondité et l'allongement de la durée de la vie amènent au vieillissement de la population et au ralentissement ou même à la baisse de la croissance démographique. Tandis que le ralentissement de la croissance démographique réduit la nécessité d'épargner, le vieillissement de la population impose des coûts liés à la dépendance des personnes âgées qui sont particulièrement lourds pour le secteur public. Le taux de fécondité est-il trop faible ? Le projet des Comptes de transferts nationaux (National Transfer Accounts ou NTA) fournit des données permettant de quantifier les coûts liés à la dépendance. Au vu de la répartition par âge actuelle des impôts et prestations dans les pays à revenu élevé et à revenu moyen supérieur, un taux d'environ trois naissances par femme permettrait de maximiser le ratio de soutien public. Les profils d'âge inclusifs de consommation et de revenus du travail sont toutefois plus pertinents en termes de niveau de vie. Les ratios de soutien correspondants sont maximisés par un taux de fécondité légèrement supérieur à deux naissances par femme. En allant un peu plus loin et en prenant en compte la baisse de l'épargne, un taux égal à 1,5 naissance par femme dans les pays à revenu moyen supérieur et à 1,8 naissance par femme dans les pays riches industrialisés permettrait de maximiser le niveau de vie. Au sein d'économies ouvertes, ces résultats seraient légèrement différents. Par ailleurs, la prise en compte du capital humain influerait également quelque peu sur ces résultats. Classification JEL : J11, J14, J18.
Evaluation of Simultaneous Effect of Lovastatin Plus Fluoxetine on Depression Using Linear Mixed Model with LASSO Penalty
Authors: Faghih Marjan , Shahraki Hadi Raeisi , Ghanizadeh Ahmad , Ayatollahi Seyyed Mohhamad Taghi 
Published: August 2016

<p>The effect of lovastatin plus fluoxetine on depression has been investigated in many studies, but ignoring other effective factors has decreased the accuracy of the results. The aim of this study was to assess the simultaneous effect of lovastatin plus fluoxetine on depression while controlling a large number of potential covariates using penalized linear mixed model in a longitudinal study. 60 patients with major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were enrolled. The sample was randomly allocated into fluoxetine (up to 40 mg/day) plus lovastatin (30 mg/day) group and fluoxetine (up to 40 mg/day) plus placebo group. Hamilton depression rating scale was used to measure the depression score at baseline, week 2, and week 6. We used linear mixed model (LMM) with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalty. Among 60 patients, 39 (65%) were female with a mean age of 31.93 (9.8) years; 51.7% of the patients were married, a majority (73%) lived in village, and 45% of them had high school education. Both groups showed a significant decrease in depression score using Hamilton Depression scale. However, depression score in the treatment group decreased more than the placebo group (Mean=12.8(SD=6.3) vs. Mean=8.2(SD=4.0), t=3.4, P&lt;.001).The proposed model revealed that in the presence of the other covariates, lovastatin plus fluoxetine could play a key role in the reduction of depression. It was also shown that all of the covariates except blood pressure had a significant effect on depression. Linear mixed model with LASSO penalty revealed that sex, age, education, physical illness had the most significant effect on depression.</p>results demonstrated that the masters’ students were possessed of less spiritual growth, indicating the need for more accurate planning towards improving students’ health-promoting lifestyles. So, it was recommended that more attention be paid to the improvement of health-promoting lifestyles, especially in terms of spiritual growth.<p> </p>
Case Studies in Clinical Psychology: Are We Giving up a Publication Type and Methodology in Research on and Teaching of Psychopathology and Psychotherapy?
Authors: Krampen Dorothea , Krampen Günter 
Published: August 2016

<p>Scientometric results on publication trends in clinical psychology, which refer to publication type and methodology of case studies/reports, are presented. Absolute and relative frequencies of clinical case studies are identified for the segment “mental and behavioral disorders” in MEDLINE (ICD-10 Chapter V [F]) as well as for clinical psychology publications documented in PsycINFO and PSYNDEX in 40 publication years (1975-2014). Results show an increase of the absolute number of published case studies documented in MEDLINE and PsycINFO (but not in PSYNDEX), which is highly correlated with the total increase of clinical psychology publications in both databases. Relative frequencies show another picture, namely a drop of the percentage of case studies on mental and behavioral disorders in MEDLINE, and a sharp drop in PSYNDEX since the 1980s. The trend for the relative frequency of case studies within all publications on clinical psychology documented in PsycINFO is V-shaped with 6% in the 1970s, 3% in the early 1990s, and 4-5% after the millennium. Pros and cons of case studies in clinical psychology research and education are discussed. Qualitative and quantitative case study methodologies are distinguished with respect to the phases of clinical trials and observational studies in evidence-based and empirically supported psychotherapy. Subsequently, methodological constraints are balanced with specific values in clinical training, applied research, and innovative research on the symptomatology, etiology, and classification of mental disorders as well as on combined and/or integrative treatment techniques and methods.</p><div> </div>
Comparison of evolutionary algorithms for LPDA antenna optimization
Authors: Lazaridis Pavlos I. , Tziris Emmanouil N. , Zaharis Zaharias D. , Xenos Thomas D. , Cosmas John P. , Gallion Philippe B. , Holmes Violeta , Glover Ian A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA novel approach to broadband log‐periodic antenna design is presented, where some of the most powerful evolutionary algorithms are applied and compared for the optimal design of wire log‐periodic dipole arrays (LPDA) using Numerical Electromagnetics Code. The target is to achieve an optimal antenna design with respect to maximum gain, gain flatness, front‐to‐rear ratio (F/R) and standing wave ratio. The parameters of the LPDA optimized are the dipole lengths, the spacing between the dipoles, and the dipole wire diameters. The evolutionary algorithms compared are the Differential Evolution (DE), Particle Swarm (PSO), Taguchi, Invasive Weed (IWO), and Adaptive Invasive Weed Optimization (ADIWO). Superior performance is achieved by the IWO (best results) and PSO (fast convergence) algorithms.
The role of cloud radiative heating within the atmosphere on the high cloud amount and top‐of‐atmosphere cloud radiative effect
Authors: Harrop Bryce E. , Hartmann Dennis L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe effect of cloud‐radiation interactions on cloud properties is examined in the context of a limited‐domain cloud‐resolving model. The atmospheric cloud radiative effect (ACRE) influences the areal extent of tropical high clouds in two distinct ways. The first is through direct radiative destabilization of the elevated cloud layers, mostly as a result of longwave radiation heating the cloud bottom and cooling the cloud top. The second effect is radiative stabilization, whereby cloud radiative heating of the atmospheric column stabilizes the atmosphere to deep convection. In limited area domain simulations, the stabilizing (or indirect) effect is the dominant role of the cloud radiative heating, thus reducing the cloud cover in simulations where ACRE is included compared to those where it is removed. Direct cloud radiative heating increases high cloud fraction, decreases mean cloud optical depth, and increases cloud top temperature. The indirect cloud radiative heating decreases high cloud fraction, but also decreases mean cloud optical depth and increases cloud top temperature. The combination of these effects increases the top‐of‐atmosphere cloud radiative effect. In mock‐Walker circulation experiments, the decrease in high cloud amount owing to radiative stabilization tends to cancel out the increase in high cloud amount owing to the destabilization within the cloud layer. The changes in cloud optical depth and cloud top pressure, however, are similar to those produced in the limited area domain simulations.
A multiscale multilayer vertically integrated model with vertical dynamics for CO2 sequestration in layered geological formations
Authors: Guo Bo , Bandilla Karl W. , Nordbotten Jan M. , Celia Michael A. , Keilegavlen Eirik , Doster Florian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEfficient computational models are desirable for simulation of large‐scale geological CO2 sequestration. Vertically integrated models, which take advantage of dimension reduction, offer one type of computationally efficient model. The dimension reduction is usually achieved by vertical integration based on the vertical equilibrium (VE) assumption, which assumes that CO2 and brine segregate rapidly in the vertical due to strong buoyancy and quickly reach pressure equilibrium. However, the validity of the VE assumption requires small time scales of fluid segregation, which may not always be fulfilled, especially for heterogeneous geological formations with low vertical permeability. Recently, Guo et al. (2014a) developed a multiscale vertically integrated model, referred to as the dynamic reconstruction (DR) model, that relaxes the VE assumption by including the vertical two‐phase flow dynamics of CO2 and brine as fine‐scale one‐dimensional problems in the vertical direction. Although the VE assumption can be relaxed, that model was limited to homogeneous geological formations. Here we extend the dynamic reconstruction model for layered heterogeneous formations, which is of much more practical interest for saline aquifers in sedimentary basins. We develop a new coarse‐scale pressure equation to couple the different coarse‐scale (vertically integrated) layers, and use the fine‐scale dynamic reconstruction algorithm in Guo et al. (2014a) within each individual layer. Together, these form a multiscale multilayer dynamic reconstruction algorithm. Simulation results of the CO2 plume from the new model are in excellent agreement with full three‐dimensional models, with the new algorithm being much more computationally efficient than conventional full three‐dimensional models.
Bayesian Nonparametrics
Authors: Canale Antonio , Lijoi Antonio , Prünster Igor 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe popularity of Bayesian nonparametric inference is rapidly growing within both the academic community and practitioners. Indeed, the Bayesian nonparametric viewpoint naturally allows for rich and flexible probabilistic modeling and, via conditional (or posterior) distributions, for accurate function estimation, most notably of probability distributions, regression functions, and hazard rates. After de Finetti's theoretical foundation of the Bayesian nonparametric paradigm in the 1930s, the first methodological breakthroughs date back to the 1970s, most notably with the introduction of the Dirichlet process by Ferguson in 1973. Recently, Bayesian nonparametric methods have undergone a dramatic development, thanks to the availability of algorithms that allow for their implementation in a wide variety of challenging applications. Here, one can find a concise overview of classes of discrete random probability measures, whose distributions act as priors in nonparametric problems and represent the main ingredients of complex models featuring a nonparametric component.
Chiral N,N′‐Dioxide‐Zinc(II) Complex‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Aza‐Friedel–Crafts Reaction of Isatin‐Derived Ketimines with Indoles
Authors: Zhang Xiying , Zhang Jianlin , Lin Lili , Zheng Haifeng , Wu Wangbin , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA highly efficient chiral N,N′‐dioxide‐zinc(II) complex catalytic system has been developed for the enantioselective aza‐Friedel–Crafts reaction of isatin‐derived ketimines with indoles. A series of enantiomerically enriched 3‐indolyl‐3‐aminooxindoles containing a tetrasubstituted stereocenter were obtained in up to 99% yield with up to 96% ee. Furthermore, control experiments provide a fundamental sight into the mechanism of the reaction.magnified image
Synthesis of 18F‐Difluoromethylarenes from Aryl (Pseudo) Halides
Authors: Shi Hang , Braun Augustin , Wang Lu , Liang Steven H. , Vasdev Neil , Ritter Tobias 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA general method for the synthesis of [18F]difluoromethylarenes from [18F]fluoride for radiopharmaceutical discovery is reported. The method is practical, operationally simple, tolerates a wide scope of functional groups, and enables the labeling of a variety of arenes and heteroarenes with radiochemical yields (RCYs, not decay‐corrected) from 10 to 60 %. The 18F‐fluorination precursors are readily prepared from aryl chlorides, bromides, iodides, and triflates. Seven 18F‐difluoromethylarene drug analogues and radiopharmaceuticals including Claritin, fluoxetine (Prozac), and [18F]DAA1106 were synthesized to show the potential of the method for applications in PET radiopharmaceutical design.
Effect of CaO in the thermal crosslinking of maltodextrin and citric acid: A cooperative action of condensation and ionic interactions
Authors: Castro‐Cabado M. , Casado A.L. , San Román J. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe study of the effect of CaO in the thermal crosslinking of maltodextrin with citric acid demonstrates that the addition of small amount of this compound enhances the crosslinking of the cured system under processing conditions. This enhancement of the crosslinking leads to a noticeable improvement of the mechanical properties. The mechanism of the enhanced crosslinking reaction has been deeply analyzed by rheology, FT‐IR, and TGA. The rheological results show that CaO contributes to the crosslinking. This contribution would allow decreasing 10 °C the temperature of curing process. The enhancement of the crosslinking and consequent improvement of mechanical properties is explained by the contribution of the interactions between the Ca2+ and citric acid and the polycondensate network formed between maltodextrin and citric acid. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44203.
Environmental factors in the etiology of isolated and nonisolated esophageal atresia in a Chinese population: A case–control study
Authors: Feng Yu , Chen Runsen , Li Xiaonan , Mo Xuming 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundEsophageal atresia (EA) is a common birth defect that occurs with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), although etiological studies on EA/TEF have produced inconsistent results.MethodsThe aim of this study was to examine the association between environmental factors during pregnancy and the risk of EA/TEF in a Chinese population. Cases of isolated EA and nonisolated EA and unaffected controls were identified between July 2005 and November 2015, and face‐to‐face questionnaires concerning exposure to environmental factors were administered to the birth mothers of 130 cases and 400 controls. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the association between environmental factors and the risk of EA/TEF.ResultsThe results of this case–control study suggest that lower maternal education (p < 0.0001), maternal binge drinking (OR = 2.63; 95% CI, 1.05–6.6) and pickled food consumption (OR = 2.04; 95% CI, 1.31–3.71) during pregnancy increase the risk of EA in offspring, while maternal folic acid supplementation (OR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.29–0.71) is significantly associated with a decreased risk of EA.ConclusionThese results suggest a role for environmental exposures in the etiology of EA/TEF; however, further studies are needed to replicate the observed associations. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:840–846, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study of a water‐soluble fluorescent sensor based on the Eu(III) pefloxacin complex
Authors: Wen Chaohao , Yang Jinglian , Zeng Zhi , Gao Jinwei , Zheng Yuhui 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe antibiotic type organic structure pefloxacin binds well with europium (III) ions as a useful scaffold for assembling optical probes and allows energy transfer from ligand to metal ions through coordination linkages. This water‐soluble chemosensor demonstrated significant ‘off–on (red)’ changes from an alkaline to a neutral environment (pH 14–8). The emission changed from red to blue under acidic conditions (pH 7–2). The whole process was completely reversible and effective within the pH range 2 to 14. Moreover, this probe system exhibited distinct luminescence quenching upon the addition of Cu2+ or Fe3+. This general modular route will permit easy detection and the concept can be extended to a variety of quinolones for sensing purposes.