bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thymoquinone disrupts the microtubule dynamics in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Masood Nusrat , Khan Saman , Luqman Suaib , Ahmed Shakil 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMad2 deletion strain of Schizosaccharomyces pombe was found to be sensitive to thymoquinone, a signature molecule present in Nigella sativa in a dose-dependent manner. Mad2 protein is an indispensable part of mitotic spindle checkpoint complex and is required for the cell cycle arrest in response to the spindle defects. Although the expression of α tubulin was not affected in thymoquinone treated cells, but the expression of β-tubulin was reduced. Further, the absence of microtubule in thymoquinone treated cells suggests its involvement in tubulin polymerization. Molecular docking studies revealed that thymoquinone specifically binds to β-tubulin near the Taxotere binding site of Tub1 (Tubulin α-β dimer). These studies additionally showed that thymoquinone interacts with the residues present in chain B, which is an inherent part of Mad2 protein of mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC). We concluded that the thymoquinone disrupts the microtubule polymerization that leads to the requirement of spindle checkpoint protein for the cell survival.
A FIELD STUDY SETUP OF FOUR HOMES HAVING NON-VENTILATED AND SEMI-CONDITIONED SEALED ATTICS
Authors: Miller William A. , Boudreaux Philip , Pallin Simon , Biswas Kaushik , Gehl Tony , Atchley Jerry , Karlsson Nicklas , Bednar Dominic , Jackson Roderick , Prevatt David O. , Shah Anshul , Viswanathan Aravind , Talele Mitali 
Published: December 2016

INTRODUCTION The University of Florida (UF) and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) are evaluating the hygrothermal (heat and moisture flow) performance and durability of sealed attic construction where open cell spray polyurethane foam (ocSPF) insulation is applied directly to the underside of the roof deck. During the 2015–2016 fiscal year and with financial support from the Florida Building Commission (FBC) and the Florida Roofing and Sheet Metal Contractors Association (FRSA), UF and the ORNL Building Technology Research Integration Center (BTRIC) completed Phase I of a study that setup four residential home demonstrations in Florida climate zones CZ-1A and CZ-2A. Field measurements for the homes are listed in Table 1. The four homes are instrumented for measuring temperature and relative humidity of the indoor living space, the outdoor air and the attic air. In addition, the temperature, relative humidity and moisture content of the roof sheathing are being monitored and recorded by remotely-accessible data acquisition equipment. Air leakage tests on the whole house, on the sealed attic and in the HVAC ducts were conducted on all four homes, Table 1. Digital and infrared images were captured to document the thermal performance of the sealed attics. Field tests commenced on June 1, 2016. Data acquisition will continue for one full year to document heat and moisture flows, which, in turn will be used in a second phase of work to benchmark an analytical tool kit for predicting the heat and moisture flows in Florida's hot and humid climate. The second phase of work is pending approval by the FBC.
REFLECTIONS ON THE INSULATED HOME: THE R-VALUE MYTH
Authors: Donnellon Dan H. 
Published: December 2016

INTRODUCTION The R-value is defined as, “a measure of the resistance of an insulating or building material to heat flow, expressed as R-11, R-20, and so on; the higher the number, the greater the resistance to heat flow (Random House, 2016).” The first thermodynamic principle violated by the R-value is the singular use of the word heat flow. Heat flow, or transfer, occurs in three distinct ways; conduction, convection, and radiation. The R-value test will only measure a bulk insulations resistance to conductive heat transfer. This type of heat flow is almost undetectable in the built environment, regardless of climate or season - resulting in the R-value myth. In winter, the stack effect will cause convective flows through the home as warm air under pressure rises and escapes through the top, requiring an equal amount of cold replacement air to infiltrate at the bottom. On hot sunny days, the exterior of the home absorbs long wave ultra violet (UV) rays from the sun and reemits this radiant heat energy into the residence. The thermodynamics of an occupied structure under varying atmospheric conditions is not well understood, leading to major inefficiencies. The goal of this conceptual study is to reveal the shortcomings of current insulation practices at the residential level, conceptualize a series of related issues for future study and develop a preliminary methodological concept for resolutions to the problems identified. Conclusions indicate that further research needs to be dedicated to replacing the R-value rule with a realistic metric that considers the efficiency, health, and safety of the entire building.
What Is Known: Examining the Empirical Literature in Resident Work Hours Using 30 Influential Articles
Authors: Philibert Ingrid 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Examining influential, highly cited articles can show the advancement of knowledge about the effect of resident physicians' long work hours, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of work hour limits.

Objective
A narrative review of 30 articles, selected for their contribution to the literature, explored outcomes of interest in the research on work hours—including patient safety, learning, and resident well-being.

Methods
Articles were selected from a comprehensive review. Citation volume, quality, and contribution to the evolving thinking on work hours and to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education standards were assessed.

Results
Duty hour limits are supported by the scientific literature, particularly limits on weekly hours and reducing the frequency of overnight call. The literature shows declining hours and call frequency over 4 decades of study, although the impact on patient safety, learning, and resident well-being is not clear. The review highlighted limitations of the scientific literature on resident hours, including small samples and reduced generalizability for intervention studies, and the inability to rule out confounders in large studies using administrative data. Key areas remain underinvestigated, and accepted methodology is challenged when assessing the impact of interventions on the multiple outcomes of interest.

Conclusions
The influential literature, while showing the beneficial effect of work hour limits, does not answer all questions of interest in determining optimal limits on resident hours. Future research should use methods that permit a broader, collective examination of the multiple, often competing attributes of the learning environment that collectively promote patient safety and resident learning and well-being.
Multifocal Corneal Ablation (Supracor) in Hyperopic Presbyopia: 1-Year Results in a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Schlote Torsten , Heuberger Alexander 
Published: December 2016

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the multifocal excimer laser corneal ablation profile (the Supracor procedure) in hyperopic presbyopia 1 year after laser treatment. Methods This prospective, consecutive, one-center, cross-sectional study included 20 patients with hyperopic presbyopia 1 year after treatment with the Supracor procedure. The main outcome measures were monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), photopic contrast sensitivity (Pelli-Robson charts), patient satisfaction, and functioning at 12 months. Results Thirty-nine eyes of 20 patients (mean age 59 ± 7.2 years) were treated. Mean UDVA improved from 0.56 ± 0.31 (mean 0.34 logMAR) preoperatively to 0.9 ± 0.15 (mean 0.06 logMAR) 12 months after surgery. Mean UNVA increased from 0.15 ± 0.07 (mean 0.84 logMAR) before surgery to 0.62 ± 0.24 (mean 0.23 logMAR) 12 months after treatment. Four eyes lost 2 lines of corrected distance visual acuity (10.3%). Monocular photopic contrast sensitivity was within age-correlated normal range (Pelli-Robson chart, mean contrast sensitivity 1.83 ± 0.18). A total of 75% of the patients would undergo Supracor again (1 not, 4 perhaps). The most frequently reported side effects were increased glare, reduced distance vision, and fluctuations in vision. Most patients used artificial tears. Conclusions One year after Supracor, UDVA and UNVA improved markedly, photopic contrast sensitivity was in normal age-correlated range, and the majority of patients (75%) was satisfied with the results. Side effects like loss of distance vision, fluctuations of vision, and increased glare have a greater influence on patient satisfaction than the improvement of spectacle-free near vision.
The construction of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis in patients with chronic obstructive arterial disease in the upper limb
Authors: Linardi Fábio , Costa Jose A. , Angelieri Fernanda R. , Marabezzi Maria G. , Bevilacqua Jose L. 
Published: December 2016

Objective Describe the construction of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis in chronic renal patient on hemodialysis who presented chronic arterial obstruction in the upper limb. Methods A surgical procedure was performed on a patient with obstruction of the brachial artery in its proximal third. The procedure was carried out by the construction of a bypass with autologous vein between the proximal brachial and distal brachial arteries and the performing of an arteriovenous fistula with superficialized and anteriorized basilic vein, with anastomosis in the bypass at the same surgical procedure. Results There was good immediate result and arteriovenous fistula presented function for 43 months. Conclusions Even when faced with chronic obstructive arterial disease in the arm, there is the possibility of creating a new arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis.
Timing should no Longer be an Obstacle to Oocyte Cryopreservation in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Mangili Giorgia , Papaleo Enrico , Sigismondi Cristina , Masciangelo Rossella , Sarais Veronica , Giorgione Veronica , Nale Roberta , Privitera Laura , Carnelli Letizia , Di Mattei Valentina , Candiani Massimo 
Published: December 2016

Purpose Anticancer treatment-related infertility is preventable with oocyte cryopreservation, but this is often not considered a relevant issue, due to lack of knowledge and time. The aim of this study is to prove that adequate organization of an Oncofertility Unit and the use of new protocols for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) can reduce the time required by the procedure, encouraging consultants and patients to preserve fertility before gonadotoxic treatments. Methods A total of 125 patients diagnosed with malignant tumors were referred to the Oncofertility Unit of San Raffaele Hospital: 52 patients between April 2011 and October 2013 and 73 patients between October 2013 and November 2015. The 2 periods differ in office organization and type of COS protocol used. Results Between the 2 periods, a reduction in the mean number of days required from first counseling to the initiation (6.45 ± 1.058 vs 1.61 ± 0.228) and the end of the COS (17.83 ± 1.227 vs 13.70 ± 0.393) was observed (p<0.0001). No differences exist in the groups between the mean time required to complete COS (11.38 ± 0.360 vs 12.17 ± 0.309; p = 0.11) and mean number of frozen oocytes (8.458 ± 1.060 vs 10.30 ± 0.919; p = 0.22). Furthermore, in the second period, the number of patients who accepted fertility preservation increased (46.15% vs 64.38%; p<0.05). Conclusions Renewed organization of the Oncofertility Unit and the newest random-start COS protocol allowed us to shorten the time for oocyte cryopreservation and start anticancer treatment on time.
Fragilaria rinoi sp. nov. (Fragilariales, Fragilariophyceae) from periphytic river samples in Central Portugal
Authors: Delgado Cristina , Novais M. Helena , Blanco Saúl , Almeida Salomé F.P. 
Published: December 2016

A new benthic freshwater diatom, Fragilaria rinoi Almeida & C.Delgado sp. nov., is described from river periphyton samples in Portugal. Fragilaria rinoi sp. nov. is illustrated and discussed based on populations collected from the Vouga, Mondego and Lis river basins in central Portugal and compared with the type material of Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kütz.) J.B.Petersen. The morphological features of the new diatom species are documented through light and scanning electron micrographs, including a comparative analysis with related species of the genus (F. candidagilae Almeida, C.Delgado, Novais & S.Blanco, F. intermedia Grunow in Van Heurck, F. neointermedia Tuji & D.M.Williams, F. recapitellata Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin, F. perminuta (Grunow) Lange-Bert., F. vaucheriae and F. microvaucheriae C.E.Wetzel & Ector). Fragilaria rinoi sp. nov. is characterized by solitary cells without spines, lanceolate valves with slightly rostrate apices, a narrow, linear axial area, and a large, unilateral central area. Fragilaria rinoi sp. nov. may be confused with F. microvaucheriae in terms of length, striae density and outline, although a morphometric analysis revealed that F. rinoi sp. nov. is significantly wider. Fragilaria rinoi sp. nov. is present in rivers with high dissolved oxygen concentrations, medium to high conductivity, neutral to slightly alkaline pH and high mean values of nitrates and ammonium.
Resisting Criminal Organizations: Reconceptualizing the “Political” in International Refugee Law
Authors: Khoday Amar 
Published: December 2016

This article examines and reconstructs the term “political” in the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. Individuals may be eligible for refugee status if they can prove that they have a well-founded fear of persecution for, amongst other reasons, their political opinion. At the same time, individuals are excluded from obtaining refugee status where there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a serious non-political crime. For those resisting persons or entities wielding oppressive power, the meaning of the term “political” in these provisions has particular importance. Where the targets of resistance are criminal organizations, however, courts and tribunals have been, for the most part, reluctant to recognize such resistance as manifesting a political opinion.
Given the demonstrated power of criminal organizations, this article contends that opposition to these entities should be viewed as being “political”. Through an examination of the text, context, and purpose of the Refugee Convention, it argues that a broader understanding of the term “political” is reasonable if not compelling. The article examines the conflicting jurisprudence and discourse surrounding “political opinion” and “political crimes”. Despite some strong voices in support of a more traditional state-centric interpretation, others have advanced more robust articulations that account for the dynamic nature and diversity of power transactions between citizens and powerful non-state actors. Finally, the article examines the substantial power of drug cartels and youth gangs in particular Central American states to illustrate that they exercise de facto control in substantial geographic spaces. As such, resistance to such entities should properly be viewed as “political” within the meaning of the Refugee Convention.
Control of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production in liquid by nonthermal plasma jet with controlled surrounding gas
Authors: Ito Taiki , Uchida Giichiro , Nakajima Atsushi , Takenaka Kosuke , Setsuhara Yuichi 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We present the development of a low-frequency nonthermal plasma-jet system, where the surrounding-gas condition of the plasma jet is precisely controlled in open air. By restricting the mixing of the ambient air into the plasma jet, the plasma jet can be selectively changed from a N2 main discharge to an O2 main discharge even in open air. In the plasma-jet system with the controlled surrounding gas, the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is successfully controlled in deionized water: the concentration ratio of NO2
− to H2O2 is tuned from 0 to 0.18, and a high NO2
− concentration ratio is obtained at a N2 gas ratio of 0.80 relative to the total N2/O2 gas mixture in the main discharge gas. We also find that the NO2
− concentration is much higher in the plasma-activated medium than in the plasma-activated deionized water, which is mainly explained by the contribution of amino acids to NO2
− generation in the medium.
Eurasian jays do not copy the choices of conspecifics, but they do show evidence of stimulus enhancement
Authors: Miller Rachael , Logan Corina J. , Lister Katherine , Clayton Nicola S. 
Published: December 2016

Corvids (birds in the crow family) are hypothesised to have a general cognitive tool-kit because they show a wide range of transferrable skills across social, physical and temporal tasks, despite differences in socioecology. However, it is unknown whether relatively asocial corvids differ from social corvids in their use of social information in the context of copying the choices of others, because only one such test has been conducted in a relatively asocial corvid. We investigated whether relatively asocial Eurasian jays (Garrulus glandarius) use social information (i.e., information made available by others). Previous studies have indicated that jays attend to social context in their caching and mate provisioning behaviour; however, it is unknown whether jays copy the choices of others. We tested the jays in two different tasks varying in difficulty, where social corvid species have demonstrated social information use in both tasks. Firstly, an object-dropping task was conducted requiring objects to be dropped down a tube to release a food reward from a collapsible platform, which corvids can learn through explicit training. Only one rook and one New Caledonian crow have learned the task using social information from a demonstrator. Secondly, we tested the birds on a simple colour discrimination task, which should be easy to solve, because it has been shown that corvids can make colour discriminations. Using the same colour discrimination task in a previous study, all common ravens and carrion crows copied the demonstrator. After observing a conspecific demonstrator, none of the jays solved the object-dropping task, though all jays were subsequently able to learn to solve the task in a non-social situation through explicit training, and jays chose the demonstrated colour at chance levels. Our results suggest that social and relatively asocial corvids differ in social information use, indicating that relatively asocial species may have secondarily lost this ability due to lack of selection pressure from an asocial environment.
Cloaked Caged Compounds: Chemical Probes for Two‐Photon Optoneurobiology
Authors: Richers Matthew T. , Amatrudo Joseph M. , Olson Jeremy P. , Ellis‐Davies Graham C. R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCaged neurotransmitters, in combination with focused light beams, enable precise interrogation of neuronal function, even at the level of single synapses. However, most caged transmitters are, surprisingly, severe antagonists of ionotropic gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. By conjugation of a large, neutral dendrimer to a caged GABA probe we introduce a “cloaking” technology that effectively reduces such antagonism to very low levels. Such cloaked caged compounds will enable the study of the signaling of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in its natural state using two‐photon uncaging microscopy for the first time.
A Genetically Encoded Allysine for the Synthesis of Proteins with Site‐Specific Lysine Dimethylation
Authors: Wang Zhipeng A. , Zeng Yu , Kurra Yadagiri , Wang Xin , Tharp Jeffery M. , Vatansever Erol C. , Hsu Willie W. , Dai Susie , Fang Xinqiang , Liu Wenshe R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUsing the amber suppression approach, Nϵ‐(4‐azidobenzoxycarbonyl)‐δ,ϵ‐dehydrolysine, an allysine precursor is genetically encoded in E. coli. Its genetic incorporation followed by two sequential biocompatible reactions allows convenient synthesis of proteins with site‐specific lysine dimethylation. Using this approach, dimethyl‐histone H3 and p53 proteins have been synthesized and used to probe functions of epigenetic enzymes including histone demethylase LSD1 and histone acetyltransferase Tip60. We confirmed that LSD1 is catalytically active toward H3K4me2 and H3K9me2 but inert toward H3K36me2, and methylation at p53 K372 directly activates Tip60 for its catalyzed acetylation at p53 K120.
Isopropanol Dehydration on Amorphous Silica–Alumina: Synergy of Brønsted and Lewis Acidities at Pseudo‐Bridging Silanols
Authors: Larmier Kim , Chizallet Céline , Maury Sylvie , Cadran Nicolas , Abboud Johnny , Lamic‐Humblot Anne‐Félicie , Marceau Eric , Lauron‐Pernot Hélène 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe mechanism of isopropanol dehydration on amorphous silica–alumina (ASA) was unraveled by a combination of experimental kinetic measurements and periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We show that pseudo‐bridging silanols (PBS‐Al) are the most likely active sites owing to the synergy between the Brønsted and Lewis acidic properties of these sites, which facilitates the activation of alcohol hydroxy groups as leaving groups. Isopropanol dehydration was used to specifically investigate these PBS‐Al sites, whose density was estimated to be about 10−1 site nm−2 on the silica‐doped alumina surface under investigation, by combining information from experiments and theoretical calculations.
C‐H‐Sulfinylierung von Heteroaromaten beschleunigt durch sichtbares Licht
Authors: Meyer Andreas Uwe , Wimmer Alexander , König Burkhard 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHeteroaromatische Sulfoxide sind häufig in Naturstoffen, Pharmazeutika, Katalysatoren und Werkstoffen zu finden. Wir beschreiben eine metallfreie, durch sichtbares Licht beschleunigte Synthese von heteroaromatischen Sulfoxiden aus Sulfinamiden und Peroxodisulfat. Die Reaktion verläuft bei Raumtemperatur unter Bestrahlung mit blauem Licht und ermöglicht die C‐H‐Sulfinylierung von elektronenreichen Heteroaromaten wie Pyrrol und Indol. Basierend auf der Substratbreite, der Substitutionsselektivität und Konkurrenzexperimenten mit verschiedenen Nukleophilen schlagen wir als Mechanismus eine elektrophile aromatische Substitution vor.
A Stable Manganese Pincer Catalyst for the Selective Dehydrogenation of Methanol
Authors: Andérez‐Fernández María , Vogt Lydia K. , Fischer Steffen , Zhou Wei , Jiao Haijun , Garbe Marcel , Elangovan Saravanakumar , Junge Kathrin , Junge Henrik , Ludwig Ralf , Beller Matthias 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFor the first time, structurally defined manganese pincer complexes catalyze the dehydrogenation of aqueous methanol to hydrogen and carbon dioxide, which is a transformation of interest with regard to the implementation of a hydrogen and methanol economy. Excellent long‐term stability was demonstrated for the Mn‐PNPiPr catalyst, as a turnover of more than 20 000 was reached. In addition to methanol, other important hydrogen carriers were also successfully dehydrogenated.
Visible‐Light‐Accelerated C−H Sulfinylation of Heteroarenes
Authors: Meyer Andreas Uwe , Wimmer Alexander , König Burkhard 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHeteroaromatic sulfoxides are a frequent structural motif in natural products, drugs, catalysts, and materials. We report a metal‐free visible‐light‐accelerated synthesis of heteroaromatic sulfoxides from sulfinamides and peroxodisulfate. The reaction proceeds at room temperature with blue‐light irradiation and allows the C−H sulfinylation of electron‐rich heteroarenes, such as pyrroles and indoles. An electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism is proposed based on the substrate scope, substitution selectivity, and competition experiments with different nucleophiles.