bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronary Disease Risk Curve of Serum Creatinine is Linear in Turkish Men, U-Shaped in Women
Authors: Onat Altan , Can Günay , Ademoğlu Evin , Çelik Etem , Karagöz Ahmet , Örnek Ender 
Published: May 2016

Objectives The highest levels of glomerular filtration rate are associated with increased coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, an issue we investigated in separate sexes in a population prone to metabolic syndrome. Research Methods and Procedures In total, 1948 participants of the Turkish Adult Risk Factor study with available creatinine determinations were studied at a mean 3.4 years’ follow-up. Using quartiles of creatinine, risk in Cox models of incident CHD or the likelihood of combined prevalent and incident CHD was assessed. Results Women in the lowest creatinine quartile demonstrated the lowest risk profile across diverse variables, except showing low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and average apolipoprotein A-I and lipoprotein (a) concentrations implicating impaired atheroprotective properties. Whereas serum creatinine in men was not significantly associated with 6 proinflammatory variables comprised in linear regression analysis, apolipoprotein A-I and lipoprotein (a) were significant positive covariates in women, the latter tending to negative association in women without metabolic syndrome. In men, the highest (>1.10 mg/dL), compared with the lowest, creatinine quartile significantly predicted CHD risk, at 1.85-fold relative risks, after adjustment for established risk factors. The risk curve in women was U-shaped, the top and bottom quartiles tending to display higher risk (odds ratio, 1.28 [95% confidence interval, 0.91-1.80]) compared with the 2 intermediate quartiles. Conclusions Increasing serum creatinine values are associated strongly and independently with CHD risk in men but not in women in whom the risk curve is U-shaped. The phenomenon of low creatinine levels underlies some hitherto unexplained relevant observations, and low measurements may be attributed to inassayability secondary to involvement in autoimmune activation.
Type 1 Diabetes Treatment beyond Insulin: Role of GLP-1 Analogs
Authors: Harrison Lindsay B. , Mora Pablo F. , Clark Gregory O. , Lingvay Ildiko 
Published: May 2016

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs in type 1 diabetes in a real-life medical practice setting. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with type 1 diabetes initiated on a GLP-1 analog and with at least one follow-up visit at more than 4 weeks. Results We identified 11 patients who were initiated on a GLP-1 analog and had a follow-up visit between 4 and 13 weeks (mean (SD) follow-up 10 ± 3 weeks; age 36.5 ± 16.4 years; duration of diabetes 17.3 ± 9.3 years; all on insulin pump therapy; all started on liraglutide). Seven of these patients had a second follow-up visit at approximately 20 weeks. By 10 weeks, there was a significant decrease in weight (4.2% of total body weight), total daily insulin dose (19.2%, of which 14.0% basal and 24.1% bolus), and mean (SD) insulin units/kg (0.57 [0.17] to 0.48 [0.17] units/kg). Hemoglobin A1c was significantly decreased (7.4 [0.7%] to 7.0 [0.7%], P = 0.02) without an increase in hypoglycemia. These effects were sustained at 20 weeks. Nausea was a common adverse effect and lead to drug discontinuation in 4 of 11 patients. Conclusions Patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes can achieve weight loss and improved glycemic control on less insulin without an increase in hypoglycemia when liraglutide is added to insulin therapy.
Acute Effects of Intracoronary Nitroglycerin and Diltiazem in Coronary Slow Flow Phenomenon
Authors: Ozdogru Ibrahim , Zencir Cemil , Dogan Ali , Orscelik Ozcan , Inanc Mehmet Tugrul , Celik Ahmet , Gur Mustafa , Elbasan Zafer , Kalay Nihat , Oguzhan Abdurrahman 
Published: May 2016

Background The coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is a coronary microvascular disorder angiographically defined by delayed opacification of the distal vasculature in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. We aimed to investigate and compare the effects of intracoronary nitrate and diltiazem on thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count (TFC) in patients with CSFP during coronary angiography. Methods Sixty patients with CSFP were randomly divided into 2 groups. The first group is nitroglycerin group with 30 patients (22 men; mean [SD] age, 50 [12] years), and the second is diltiazem group with 30 patients (27 men; mean age, 54 ± 11 years); intracoronary 5-mg diltiazem or 250-μg nitroglycerin was administered. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and TFCs in all 3 coronaries were recorded before and after administering these medications. Results After nitroglycerin administration, systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased, heart rates significantly increased, and TFCs decreased in all coronaries ( P < 0.001 for 3 coronaries). After the application of intracoronary 5-mg diltiazem, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and TFCs were found significantly lower than predrug values ( P < 0.001 for all values). When the percent TFC reductions, after the application of intracoronary diltiazem or nitroglycerin, in left anterior descending coronary artery, circumflex coronary artery, and right coronary artery were evaluated, diltiazem significantly reduced the TFCs of the left anterior descending coronary artery and circumflex coronary artery compared with nitroglycerin ( P < 0.01 for both coronaries). Conclusion Both intracoronary diltiazem and nitroglycerin improve the TFCs in CSFP, and intracoronary diltiazem is superior to nitroglycerin in reducing TFCs in CSFP.
Association Analysis between -308G/A and -238G/A TNF-Alpha Gene Promoter Polymorphisms and Insulin Resistance in Mexican Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Guzmán-Flores Juan Manuel , Escalante Miguel , Sánchez-Corona José , García-Zapién Alejandra Guadalupe , Cruz-Quevedo Edhit Guadalupe , Muñoz-Valle José Francisco , Moran-Moguel María Cristina , Saldaña-Cruz Ana Miriam , Flores-Martínez Silvia Esperanza 
Published: May 2016

Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by insulin resistance. It has been described that tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance; moreover, increased levels of this proinflammatory cytokine have been reported in women with GDM. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the presence of associations between the -308G/A and -238G/A polymorphisms and specific haplotypes of the TNF-α gene promoter region and insulin resistance in Mexican women with GDM. Methods This study included 51 women with GDM and 44 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance. Measurements of anthropometric parameters and biochemical estimations were performed. We genotyped the TNF-α -308G/A and -238G/A polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results The genotype and allele frequencies of both polymorphisms did not differ significantly between the women with GDM and the controls. However, we found that the frequency of the AG haplotype was significantly increased in the patients with GDM compared with controls ( P = 0.019; odds ratio, 4.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.31-12.85). In patients with GDM, we observed that insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were significantly higher in women bearing the G/G genotype than in carriers of the G/A and A/A genotypes of the -308G/A polymorphism ( P = 0.022 and P = 0.043, respectively). Conclusions Our results suggest that the G/G genotype of the TNF-α -308G/A polymorphism increases insulin levels and insulin resistance in women with GDM and that the AG haplotype is a genetic risk factor for GDM in our study population.
Activation of Carbohydrate Response Element-Binding Protein by Ethanol
Authors: Liangpunsakul Suthat , Ross Ruth A. , Crabb David W. 
Published: May 2016

Objective Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor involved in hepatic lipogenesis. Its function is in part under the control of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Given known effects of ethanol on AMPK and PP2A, it is plausible that ethanol might enhance fatty acid synthesis by increasing the activity of ChREBP. We hypothesized that another potential pathway of ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis is mediated by activation of ChREBP. Methods The effects of ethanol on ChREBP were assessed in hepatoma cells and in C57BL/6J mice fed with the Lieber-DeCarli diet. Results When the cells were exposed to ethanol (50 mM) for 24 hours, the activity of a liver pyruvate kinase (LPK) promoter-luciferase reporter was increased by ∼4-fold. Ethanol feeding of mice resulted in the translocation of ChREBP from cytosol to the nucleus. Protein phosphatase 2A activity was increased in the liver of ethanol-fed mice by 22%. We found no difference in the levels of hepatic Xu-5-P between ethanol-fed mice and controls. Transfection of a constitutively active AMPK expression plasmid suppressed the basal activity of the LPK luciferase reporter and abolished the effect of ethanol on the reporter activity. However, transfection of rat hepatoma cells with a dominant-negative AMPK expression plasmid induced basal LPK luciferase activity by only ∼20%. The effect of ethanol on ChREBP was attenuated in the presence of okadaic acid, an inhibitor of PP2A. Conclusions The effects of ethanol on AMPK and PP2A may result in activation of ChREBP, providing another potential mechanism for ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis. However, additional okadaic acid-insensitive effects appear to be important as well.
Lys656Asn Polymorphism of Leptin Receptor Gene is Related with Leptin Changes after a High Monounsaturated Fat Diet in Obese Patients
Authors: de Luis Daniel A. , Aller Rocio , Izaola Olatz , Conde Rosa , Eiros Bouza Jose 
Published: May 2016

Background Human obesity is characterized by high levels of leptin, and it has been suggested that obese patients may be leptin resistant. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of Lys656Asn polymorphism in the leptin receptor gene on metabolic response, weight loss, and serum leptin levels to a high monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet in obese patients. Design A sample of 126 obese patients was analyzed in a prospective way. The hypocaloric diet had 1342 kcal, 46.6% of carbohydrates, 34.1% of lipids, and 19.2% of proteins, with a 67.5% of monounsaturated fats, during 3 months. Results In Lys656Lys genotype, body mass index (−1.8 ± 1.4 kg/m2), weight (−4.3 ± 3.7 kg), fat mass (−3.5 ± 3.5 kg), waist circumference (−5.0 ± 2.9 cm), systolic blood pressure (−3.8 ± 10.5 mm Hg), insulin (−1.5 ± 4.6 mUI/L), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (−0.4 ± 1.9 Units) decreased. In Asn allele carriers, body mass index (1.5 ± 2.1 kg/m2), weight (−3.7 ± 3.1 kg), waist circumference (−4.4 ± 3.1 cm) decreased. Only leptin levels have a significant decrease in the Lys656Lys group (−6.9 ± 10.1 ng/mL) (24.2%). Conclusions Patients with Asn656 allele have a different response than Lys656Lys genotype subjects, with a lack of decrease in insulin levels, leptin levels, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance after weight loss.
Association of MEFV Gene Mutations with Rheumatoid Factor Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Inanir Ahmet , Yigit Serbulent , Karakus Nevin , Tekin Saban , Rustemoglu Aydin 
Published: May 2016

Purpose Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease primarily affecting the joints. Arthritis disorders are associated with mutations of the Mediterranean fever ( MEFV) gene. This gene has already been identified as being responsible for familial Mediterranean fever. The aim of this study was to explore the frequency and clinical significance of MEFV gene mutations in a cohort of Turkish patients with RA. Methods The study included 101 patients with RA and 110 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism for the 5 MEFV gene mutations (M694V, M680I, V726A, E148Q, and P369S). Results Carrier rates of MEFV gene mutations were 31 (30.7%) of 101 and 26 (23.6%) of 110 in the RA and healthy control groups, respectively ( P > 0.05; odds ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.77–2.65). Whereas deformed joint count was relatively higher in the mutation carrier group than those of the noncarrier group, the rheumatoid factor levels were significantly higher in the carrier group of patients with RA ( P = 0.001). Conclusions The results of this study suggest that MEFV gene mutations are not positively associated with a predisposition to develop RA but might increase the severity of RA. Further research is needed to determine the actual pathogenic role of MEFV mutations in this disease.
Resistin and Leptin Levels in Acromegaly: Lack of Correlation with Echocardiographic Findings
Authors: Gurbulak Sabriye , Yaylali Güzin Fidan , Yerlikaya Emrah , Akin Fulya , Topsakal Senay , Tanriverdi Halil , Akdag Beyza , Aslan Ali Riza 
Published: May 2016

Purpose To find out how resistin and leptin levels were affected in patients with acromegaly and whether there is a relation between resistin levels and cardiac parameters. We also aimed to investigate whether resistin and leptin may be a link between insulin resistance and cardiac functions as well as these affected cardiac functions in the patients with acromegaly. Methods We included 30 subjects (15 men and 15 women) who had a diagnosis of acromegaly and 30 healthy (10 men and 20 women) subjects. Serum glucose, insulin, growth hormone, insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1), resistin, and leptin levels were obtained, and insulin resistance of subjects were calculated. Echocardiographic studies of the subjects were performed. Results Resistin levels of the patients with acromegaly were found lower than controls. This difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.001). Leptin levels were lower in the patients with acromegaly than in the controls, but this difference was not statistically significant. Resistin and leptin levels were not correlated with growth hormone, IGF-1, and with insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 levels. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was positively correlated with resistin levels. ( P = 0.03; r = 0.531) but not correlated with leptin levels. There was a positive correlation between body mass index and leptin levels in the patients with acromegaly ( P = 0.007; r = 0.482). Interventricular septum thickness, posterior wall thickness, left ventricle mass index, peak early mitral inflow velocity–peak late mitral inflow velocity ratio, deceleration time, ejection time, isovolumetric relaxation time, velocity propagation, and left ventricular end-systolic volume values were significantly greater in the patients with acromegaly. Leptin levels in the acromegalic patients were not correlated with any of them. Conclusions We found biventricular hypertrophy and impairment of diastolic and systolic function in the patients with acromegaly. We conclude that changes in resistin and leptin levels are unlikely to account for the insulin resistance of acromegaly. They do not also seem to be contributing factors of cardiovascular changes in patients with acromegaly.
Urinary Tubular Protein-Based Biomarkers in the Rodent Model of Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity: A Comparative Analysis of Serum Creatinine, Renal Histology, and Urinary KIM-1, NGAL, and NAG in the Initiation, Maintenance, and Recovery Phases of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Sinha Vikash , Vence Luis M. , Salahudeen Abdulla K. 
Published: May 2016

Background Several biomarkers are becoming available for the early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI), but few have been directly compared. Objective To compare urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG) against serum creatinine and renal histological score in the initiation, maintenance, and recovery phases of cisplatin (CP)-induced AKI. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats (300–350 g) were injected once through their tail veins with CP (CP group) at 5.5 mg/kg or with same volume of normal saline vehicle (Control group). Rats were euthanized at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours, and on days 2, 3, 6, and 10 (n = 12 in the CP group and n = 6 in the Control group at each time point), and urine, blood, and kidney samples were analyzed. Results A significant increase in serum creatinine was noted by day 3 in the CP group versus Control group [1.46 (0.12) vs 0.28 (0.03) mg/dL; mean (SE); P < 0.05]. The renal histology scores for brush border loss and tubular necrosis were significantly higher at 12 and 24 hours, respectively, in the CP group. Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 levels were significantly higher at 24 hours in the CP group than in the Control group [48.26 (13.13) vs 8.21 (3.31) pg/mg creatinine; P < 0.05] and remained elevated through day 10. Both urine NAG and NGAL levels were significantly higher by day 2 in the CP than in the Control group [NAG, 8.19 (0.82) vs 3.48 (0.40) pg/mg creatinine, P G 0.05; NGAL, 2911.80 (368.10) vs 1412.60 (250.20) pg/mg creatinine, P < 0.05]. Urinary NAG remained elevated for 6 days and NGAL for 3 days. Conclusions Our study suggests a temporal hierarchy in the ability of certain urinary protein-based biomarkers to detect AKI after a well-defined tubular injury. Comparative analyses of urinary biomarkers are warranted in clinical settings such as patients receiving CP to discern the time course and pattern of expression.
Heat Shock Protein 70 Gene Polymorphisms in Japanese Patients with Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease
Authors: Kikuchi Kiyokazu , Abe Shyuzo , Kodaira Kazumi , Yukawa Tatsuo , Hozawa Soichiro , Mochizuki Hiroyuki , Kurosawa Motohiro 
Published: May 2016

Background Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is nonatopic asthma, and the role of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 in AERD remains unknown. We analyzed HSP70 gene polymorphisms in Japanese patients with AERD. Methods The single-nucleotide polymorphisms in HSPA1B-179C>T and 1267A>G gene were examined in patients with AERD and those with aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA). All patients were in a stable condition. Results There were significant differences in total serum IgE levels, peripheral blood eosinophil count, and prevalence of atopy between AERD and ATA. The patients with AERD showed higher frequencies of the CT/TT genotype of the HSPA1B-179C>T than that of the CC genotype compared to ATA ( P < 0.001). They showed higher frequencies of the GG genotype of the HSPA1B1267A>G than that of the GA/AA genotype compared to ATA ( P < 0.001). These differences were irrespective of the sex for the genotypes analyzed. The frequency of HSPA1B-179C/1267A haplotype was significantly higher in AERD compared to ATA ( P < 0.001; odds ratio, 3.154; 95% confidence interval, 1.916-5.193). Among the clinical and hematological characteristics investigated, AERD showed a significant variance in peripheral blood eosinophil count according to the association of the 2 HSP70 gene polymorphisms ( P = 0.033), but not in ATA. Conclusions Our findings first suggest that the association between HSPA1B-179C>T and 1267A>G gene sequence variations might be implicated in the development of AERD.
Myeloperoxidase and Risk of Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation after Catheter Ablation
Authors: Li Shuai-bing , Yang Fan , Jing Li , Ma Juan , Jia Ya-dan , Dong Shao-ying , Zheng Wei-feng , Zhao Luo-sha 
Published: May 2016

Background Myeloperoxidase (MPO) has been associated with the development of atrial fibrillation (AF), but its impact on the recurrence of AF after catheter ablation has not been explored. This study investigated the effect of plasma MPO on recurrence after catheter ablation of paroxysmal AF. Methods and Results Two hundred eighty-eight consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF and who underwent circumferential pulmonary vein isolation were prospectively enrolled. After a mean ± SD follow-up of 516 ± 204 (91–910) days, the recurrence rates were 16.9%, 25.7%, 29.7%, and 38.0% from the lowest MPO quartile to the highest MPO quartile, respectively ( P = 0.023). After adjustment for age, sex, left atrial diameter, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and pulmonary vein isolation, there was an increased risk of recurrence in the subjects with the highest MPO quartile compared with those with the lowest quartile (hazard ratio, 3.18; 95% confidence interval, 2.12–5.23; P = 0.024). As a continuous variable, MPO was also an independent predictor of recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.71–3.27; P = 0.032). Conclusions Patients with high MPO levels were at an increased risk of AF recurrence after catheter ablation.
Sex, Weight Status, and Chronic Kidney Disease among African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Bruce Marino A. , Beech Bettina M. , Crook Errol D. , Sims Mario , Griffith Derek M. , Simpson Sean L. , Ard Jamy , Norris Keith C. 
Published: May 2016

Background Obesity has been shown to have implications for chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, it has received minimal attention from scientists studying CKD among African Americans. Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the manner in which weight status has implications for CKD among this group through analysis of data drawn from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Design Cross-sectional analysis of a single-site longitudinal population-based cohort. Participants The data for this study were drawn from the baseline examination of the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). The analytic cohort consisted of 3430 African American men and women (21–84 years of age) living in the tricounty area of the Jackson, Mississippi metropolitan areas with complete data to determine CKD status. Main Measurements The primary dependent variable was CKD (defined as the presence of albuminuria or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2). Weight status, the primary predictor, was a 4-category measure based on body mass index. Results Associations were explored through bivariable analyses and multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusting for CKD, weight status, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease risk factors as well as demographic factors. The prevalence of CKD in the JHS was 20%. The proportion of overweight, class I, and class II obese individuals was 32.5%, 26.9%, and 26.2% respectively. In the pooled model, weight status was not found to be associated with CKD; however, subgroup analysis revealed that class II obesity was associated with CKD among men (odds ratio, 2.37; confidence interval, 1.34–4.19) but not among women (odds ratio, 1.32; confidence interval, 0.88–1.98). The relationship between CKD prevalence and diabetes and CKD prevalence and hypertension varied by sex and differed across weight categories. Conclusions Weight status has implications for CKD among the JHS participants, and this study underscores the need for additional research investigating the relationship between weight status, sex, and CKD among African Americans.