bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ponzo’s Illusion in 3D: Perspective Gradients Dominate Differences in Retinal Size
Authors: Dobias Joshua J. , Papathomas Thomas V. , Sarwate Anuja 
Published: December 2015

A common form of the Ponzo illusion involves two test probes of equal size, embedded in a planar linear perspective painting depicting a three-dimensional (3D) scene, where the probe perceived to be farther is judged to be larger than the probe perceived closer to the viewer. In this paper, the same perspective 3D scene was painted on three surfaces: (a) A 2D surface incongruent with the 3D painted scene (flat perspective). (b) A 3D surface with a geometry congruent with the 3D scene (proper perspective). (c) A 3D surface with an opposite depth arrangement to the 3D scene (reverse perspective). This last stimulus was bistable and could be perceived veridically, as it physically existed, or as a depth-inverting illusion. For all experiments, observers relied on perspective gradients to estimate the size of a test probe placed within the scene; objects placed in a ‘far’ position as defined by perspective cues were perceived to be larger regardless of their physical distance. Further, illusion strength was tied to retinal size; small retinal-size differences (Experiments 1 and 2) did not affect illusion strength, whereas larger retinal-size differences (Experiment 3) did play a minor role.
Southern Hemisphere Extratropical Gravity Wave Sources and Intermittency Revealed by a Middle-Atmosphere General Circulation Model
Authors: Alexander Simon P. , Sato Kaoru , Watanabe Shingo , Kawatani Yoshio , Murphy Damian J. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Southern Hemisphere extratropical gravity wave activity is examined using simulations from a free-running middle-atmosphere general circulation model called Kanto that contains no gravity wave parameterizations. The total absolute gravity wave momentum flux (MF) and its intermittency, diagnosed by the Gini coefficient, are examined during January and July. The MF and intermittency results calculated from the Kanto model agree well with results from satellite limb and superpressure balloon observations. The analysis of the Kanto model simulations indicates the following results. Nonorographic gravity waves are generated in Kanto in the frontal regions of extratropical depressions and around tropopause-level jets. Regions with lower (higher) intermittency in the July midstratosphere become more (less) intermittent by the mesosphere as a result of lower-level wave removal. The gravity wave intermittency is low and nearly homogeneous throughout the SH middle atmosphere during January. This indicates that nonorographic waves dominate at this time of year, with sources including continental convection as well as oceanic depressions. Most of the zonal-mean MF at 40°–65°S in January and July is due to gravity waves located above the oceans. The zonal-mean MF at lower latitudes in both months has a larger contribution from the land regions but the fraction above the oceans remains larger.
Quantification of Warming Climate-Induced Changes in Terrestrial Arctic River Ice Thickness and Phenology
Authors: Park Hotaek , Yoshikawa Yasuhiro , Oshima Kazuhiro , Kim Youngwook , Ngo-Duc Thanh , Kimball John S. , Yang Daqing 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
A land process model [the coupled hydrological and biogeochemical model (CHANGE)] is used to quantitatively assess changes in the ice phenology, thickness, and volume of terrestrial Arctic rivers from 1979 to 2009. The CHANGE model was coupled with a river routing and discharge model enabling explicit representation of river ice and water temperature dynamics. Model-simulated river ice phenological dates and thickness were generally consistent with in situ river ice data and landscape freeze–thaw (FT) satellite observations. Climate data indicated an increasing trend in winter surface air temperature (SAT) over the pan-Arctic during the study period. Nevertheless, the river ice thickness simulations exhibited a thickening regional trend independent of SAT warming, and associated with less insulation and cooling of underlying river ice by thinning snow cover. Deeper snow depth (SND) combined with SAT warming decreased simulated ice thickness, especially for Siberian rivers, where ice thickness is more strongly correlated with SND than SAT. Overall, the Arctic river ice simulations indicated regional trends toward later fall freezeup, earlier spring breakup, and consequently a longer annual ice-free period. The simulated ice phenological dates were significantly correlated with seasonal SAT warming. It is found that SND is an important factor for winter river ice growth, while ice phenological timing is dominated by seasonal SAT. The mean total Arctic river ice volume simulated from CHANGE was 54.1 km3 based on the annual maximum ice thickness in individual grid cells, while river ice volume for the pan-Arctic rivers decreased by 2.82 km3 (0.5%) over the 1979–2009 record. Arctic river ice is shrinking as a consequence of regional climate warming and coincident with other cryospheric components, including permafrost, glaciers, and sea ice.
Numerical Simulations of the Equilibrium between Eddy-Induced Restratification and Vertical Mixing
Authors: Bachman Scott D. , Taylor John R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSubmesoscale dynamics are hypothesized to play a leading-order role in setting the stratification of the mixed layer via the interaction of submesoscale eddies and surface forcing. Previous studies of such interactions have generally focused on the time-evolving characteristics of submesoscale turbulence, such as the spindown of a baroclinically unstable front. This paper focuses instead on the equilibrium dynamics of the oceanic mixed layer, where forcing and dissipation are in balance, through a combination of scaling analysis and numerical simulations. The steady dynamics are well described by a turbulent thermal wind balance, with external forcing parameterized by a strong vertical diffusivity κ. Scaling laws are developed for the characteristic vertical length scale Lυ, ageostrophic velocity scales U and V, buoyancy frequency N2, and eddy buoyancy flux , which are appropriate for a turbulent mixed layer whose stratification is equilibrated against strong vertical mixing. A suite of numerical simulations is developed to test these scalings for different values of κ and lateral buoyancy gradient. The scaling relations are shown to be very robust across all simulations, and this allows the new scaling for to be directly compared against an extant parameterization in the forcing scenarios explored here.
Constructing a State in the Face of Regional Power
Authors: Silva Verónica 
Published: December 2015

The city of Guayaquil is a territory in which economic actors play a central role in the configuration of subnational power. This has generated a kind of pseudo- or half-finished democracy in which, although elections are held, there is only one actor, the Madera de Guerrero Social Christian Party, representing the local economic elite that has held power since 1992. Following the theory of Edward Gibson, this situation can be viewed as sort of subnational authoritarianism: the parochialization of power, the nationalization of influence, and control of institutional and noninstitutional links have allowed this subnational power to achieve local control and influence in the national arena during various periods. La ciudad de Guayaquil representa un territorio donde los actores económicos juegan un papel central en la configuración del poder subnacional, haciendo de los espacios de representación política su mecanismo legitimador y su fuente de negociación local y nacional. Para algunos investigadores del caso, esto ha generado una suerte de seudodemocracia o democracia a medias en la que, si bien se celebran elecciones, a la vez encontramos un solo actor en escena, el Partido Social Cristiano Madera de Guerrero, representante de la élite económica local en el poder desde 1992. Siguiendo la teoría de Edward Gibson bien se podría hablar de una suerte de autoritarismo subnacional: la parroquialización del poder, la nacionalización de sus influencias y el control de los vínculos institucionales y no institucionales han hecho de este poder subnacional una fuerza que ha logrado un control local y una influencia en la arena nacional durante varios períodos.
Needs assessment for providing clinical ethics consultation services in Tehran
Authors: Asghari Fariba , Parsapoor Alireza , Vaskooi Khorshid , Saeedi Tehrani Saeedeh 
Published: December 2015

Introduction One of the most important duties of hospital ethics committees is to provide medical ethics consultation to the staff and patients. This study was conducted with the aim of the needs assessment of the staff for optimal provision of medical ethics consultation services. Materials and methods The data collection tool was a self-administered questionnaire. Hospital managers, chief nursing officers, ward managers, and head nurses of all hospitals affiliated with Tehran and Iran University of Medical Sciences entered the study. The questionnaire together with an invitation letter was sent to the samples. In the next stage, telephone follow-up of the incomplete forms was performed by the research team. Results A total of 448 persons participated in this study (response rate: 54.2%). The mean frequency of the need for ethics consultation in each ward was 5.2 times in the last 3 months with a median of 3. The highest needs for consultation, which were common in all wards, were observed in treatment rejection by the patient, providing necessary information to obtain informed consent and obtaining consent to high risk procedures, conflict between the decisions made by the patient and the family members, decision making for the high risk patient, request for futile or inappropriate treatments, giving bad news, and decision making for the incompetent patient. Conclusion The prevalence of ethical issues in clinical wards is variably high. The ethical issues in the clinical setting are mainly related to respect for the patient’s autonomy and competency for decision making.
Feasibility of Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Acquisition Using a Handheld Versus Conventional Tabletop Unit
Authors: Mendez Nicole , Nayak Natasha V. , Kolomeyer Anton M. , Szirth Ben C. , Khouri Albert S. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose: Patients afflicted with ocular complications of diabetes represent a diverse demographic who often cannot undergo spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging of the retina due to postural restraints. Our pilot study compared imaging acquisition methods using SD-OCT in the handheld (HH) mode versus the conventional tabletop (TT) method. Methods: Our study included 22 undilated eyes of 22 subjects (mean ± SD age, 35.8 ± 16.8 years) imaged using HH and TT iVue SD-OCT (Optovue, Fremont, CA). Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 12.2.7 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA) software with an accepted significance of P < .05. Results: Strong intraclass correlation coefficient was observed for (1) overall (.97), superior (.93), and inferior (.94) ganglion cell complex thickness, and (2) central (.98), inferior (.90), superior (.92), nasal (.94), and temporal (.93) macular retinal thickness. Mean scan quality index was adequate but lower in HH versus TT SD-OCT (62.8 vs 68.1, respectively; P < .0001). Multiple attempts for adequate imaging were required more frequently in HH versus TT SD-OCT (34% vs 5%, respectively; P < .001). Conclusion: HH SD-OCT may be a feasible alternative to TT SD-OCT in select situations, especially in patients suffering from diabetic complications with limited mobility.
Reliability of 3-Dimensional Measures of Single-Leg Cross Drop Landing Across 3 Different Institutions
Authors: DiCesare Christopher A. , Bates Nathaniel A. , Barber Foss Kim D. , Thomas Staci M. , Wordeman Samuel C. , Sugimoto Dai , Roewer Benjamin D. , Medina McKeon Jennifer M. , Di Stasi Stephanie , Noehren Brian W. , Ford Kevin R. , Kiefer Adam W. , Hewett Timothy E. , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: December 2015

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are physically and financially devastating but affect a relatively small percentage of the population. Prospective identification of risk factors for ACL injury necessitates a large sample size; therefore, study of this injury would benefit from a multicenter approach. Purpose: To determine the reliability of kinematic and kinetic measures of a single-leg cross drop task across 3 institutions. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty-five female high school volleyball players participated in this study. Three-dimensional motion data of each participant performing the single-leg cross drop were collected at 3 institutions over a period of 4 weeks. Coefficients of multiple correlation were calculated to assess the reliability of kinematic and kinetic measures during the landing phase of the movement. Results: Between-centers reliability for kinematic waveforms in the frontal and sagittal planes was good, but moderate in the transverse plane. Between-centers reliability for kinetic waveforms was good in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes. Conclusion: Based on these findings, the single-leg cross drop task has moderate to good reliability of kinematic and kinetic measures across institutions after implementation of a standardized testing protocol. Clinical Relevance: Multicenter collaborations can increase study numbers and generalize results, which is beneficial for studies of relatively rare phenomena, such as ACL injury. An important step is to determine the reliability of risk assessments across institutions before a multicenter collaboration can be initiated.
Jania pedunculata (Rhodophyta: Corallinaceae): Typification, nomenclature, and taxonomic status relative to J. crassa, J. verrucosa sensu Johansen & Womersley, and J. ungulata
Authors: Woelkerling William J. , Harvey Adele S. , Reviers Bruno de 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNew nomenclatural and morphological‐anatomical data support the following conclusions: (1) Jania pedunculata (Rhodophyta: Corallinaceae) is a name underpinned by a newly designated lectotype and epitype whose features are consistent with placement in the genus Jania; (2) J. pedunculata and J. crassa should not be treated as heterotypic synonyms; and (3) Australian specimens previously referred to J. verrucosa, a name of uncertain application, belong to J. crassa and not to J. pedunculata. Detailed accounts of the lectotype and epitype of J. pedunculata are provided, relevant historical background data are summarized, and possible affinities with the later described J. ungulata and J. ungulata f. brevior are considered.
Production Systems Continuous Improvement Modelling
Authors: Khayrullina Marina Valentinovna , Kislitsyna Olga Anatolyevna , Chuvaev Alexey Vladimirovich 
Published: December 2015

<div><strong>Purpose:</strong> This paper focuses on the authors’ contribution to modelling algorithms for key business processes, economic indicators and original mathematical model for improvement assessment.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> Researching and writing the article one uses interdisciplinary knowledge (technological production processes were considered in unity with economic principles of their construction and management), a combination of technical and technological approach, formal logic and mathematical economic modelling. For justifying the scope of model parameters, it is used field research (enterprises survey) and method of expert evaluation.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Findings:</strong> The research has showed the integration of theory of constraints, and lean manufacturing is possible and expedient. The observations of the model’s integral values and their dynamic patterns allow for important insights about positive or negative trends in production system development taken as a whole. The model enables to reveal the trends for particular items and draw the top teams’ attention to problem areas. They will be subject to further decomposing and improvement.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> The model can be treated as cross-functional. But as every enterprise has its unique production environment, it can be exposed to further adjustment to individual enterprise specific conditions.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Originality/Value of paper:</strong> The indicators and mathematical model for improvement assessment proposed by authors develop and complement the existing system of knowledge about production management and can be used as a practical tool for control of the continuous improvement process in company.</div>
Impact of Supplier Management Strategies on the Organizational Performance of ISO 9001 Certified Organizations
Authors: Fonseca Luis Miguel , Lima Vanda Marlene 
Published: December 2015

<div><strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this article is to discuss the impact of Supplier orientation and the resulting Supply Chain Management (SCM) approach, on the organizational performance of ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems certified organizations.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> Following a literature review, a full structural conceptual model was proposed. An online survey was administered to managers of Portuguese organizations with certified ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems. Descriptive Statistics and Structural Model Equations were used to validate the proposed conceptual model. </div><div> </div><div><strong>Findings:</strong> There are positive relationships between Organization Strategy and Supplier Orientation, between Supplier Orientation and Stakeholders Satisfaction, and between Stakeholders Satisfaction and Organizational Performance Orientation, supporting ISO 9001:2015. These findings provide insights that supplier orientation, mediated by stakeholder satisfaction, is an essential tool for organizational competitive sustainable advantage.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> The analysis was based on managers of ISO 9001 certified organizations perceptions, so additional studies with actual data and longitudinal studies should be useful for further validation.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Originality/Value of paper:</strong> The importance of the overall organizational ecosystem is highlighted with potential impact on the more than 1 Million ISO 9001 organizations certified worldwide and in their suppliers.</div>
Visegrad Countries and Regions: Innovation Performance and Efficiency
Authors: Hudec Oto 
Published: December 2015

<div><strong>Purpose:</strong> The aim of the article is to study the differences between efficiency of their research and innovation systems, innovation performance and efficiency of the Visegrad countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) as well as their regions.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> Visegrad countries are to be compared according to national innovative capacity framework based on the composite index methodology The regional innovation efficiency is examined by considering R&amp;D expenditures as inputs and patents as outputs. The efficiency of the regional research and innovation systems is based on the concept of knowledge production function (Cobb - Douglas type).</div><div> </div><div><strong>Findings:</strong> Visegrad countries do not belong among the best performers in innovation and competitiveness in the European Union. The findings show a substantial difference if replacing commonly evaluated innovation performance by the efficiency. Except the capital regions, there are several Polish and Czech regions which belong to the most efficient in innovation in the Visegrad regional comparison: Lodzkie, Lesser Poland, Central Moravia and South-East Moravia.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> The research shows the limitation of the innovation performance as published by the European Commission in a form of Regional Innovation Monitor. </div><div> </div><div><strong>Originality/Value of paper:</strong> The approach of relative efficiency evaluation shows a rather different picture in comparison to previous static models and comparisons. </div>
Is there a relationship between Lean Leaders and healthy co-workers?
Authors: Bäckström Ingela , Ingelsson Pernilla 
Published: December 2015

<div><strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between Lean values, Lean leadership and perceived co-worker health both from an empirical and theoretical perspective.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> A questionnaire used at a Swedish municipality that has been working with quality improvements for 20 years and with Lean for seven years was analyzed. 841 co-workers answered the questionnaire which had been designed and pre-tested to measure the presence of a number of Lean values and Lean leadership as well as self-reported perceived health. </div><div> </div><div><strong>Findings:</strong> The results show a moderately positive relationship between Lean values, Lean leadership and co-workers’ perceptions of their health. Customer focus presents the highest mean value, the lowest standard deviation and the highest correlation with co-worker health, which is interesting as the investigated organization is a municipality. </div>
The Role of Export Clusters in Export Performance of SMEs: The Case of Iranian Energy Industry
Authors: Ebadzadeh Semnani Sarah Sedigheh , Dadfar Hossein , Brege Staffan 
Published: December 2015

<div><strong>Purpose:</strong> This study was carried out with the aim of exploring the effects of export clusters formation on export performance of SMEs in Iranian energy industry.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> The study was undertaken through having three case studies, each on a different export cluster currently active within Iranian energy industry. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with both managers and members of each export cluster as well as study of their archival documents. </div><div> </div><div><strong>Findings:</strong> The results confirmed that all three export clusters managed to successfully identify their members’ needs and undertook certain measures within their own authority and control, to mitigate these risks. Moreover, the secondary data showed positive growth rate of export level after the establishment of these export clusters. Interestingly, the strong suits of all three export clusters were mainly related to communication and relationship aspects. These three factors were: ability to create Informal Network within members, Public Relations and Training/Consultation. </div><div> </div><div><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> This study was limited to the export clusters in Iranian energy industry, and on a cross-sectional time horizon basis. It therefore cannot be generalized to all industries and we might witness certain changes in findings if the study is undertaken at different point in time. However, the study shed light on certain important aspects such as nature of relationships within the members of each cluster, the role of trust management and social power as well as the need to place more focus on SMEs in export clusters.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Originality/Value of paper:</strong> Even though there are recently many studies on the concept of export clusters and their positive impacts on the growth in export of various countries throughout the world; but so far, there had been no similar study undertaken with a focus on Iran and not enough empirical evidence had previously been provided on export clusters performance in a developing country.</div>