bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Electrically Tunable Terahertz Plasmonic Device Based on Shape Memory Alloys and Liquid Metals
Authors: Zhou Hui , Zhang Ting , Guruswamy Sivaraman , Nahata Ajay 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn electrically tunable terahertz (THz) plasmonic device is designed and fabricated using liquid metals (eutectic gallium indium) and shape memory alloy wires (Flexinol). The liquid metal is injected into the voids of a poly(dimethyl) siloxane microfluidic mold forming a periodic array of subwavelength apertures, while the wires are inserted into the elastomer below the metal plane. When a DC voltage is applied to the wires, they contract via Joule heating, reducing the aperture periodicity and blueshifting the transmission resonances of the device. When the voltage is removed, the wires cool and elongate back to their original length, allowing the transmission spectrum to return to its original state. The magnitude of this change depends upon the applied voltage. The device is shown to thermally cycle between the relaxed state and the fully contracted state reproducibly over at least 500 thermal cycles. The asymmetric geometry of the device and the contraction process yield transmission properties that are unexpected: two closely spaced resonances, where both resonances correspond to the same scattering indices, and an increase in the transmission amplitude of the lowest order resonance upon contraction. Numerical simulations are used to understand these features.
Systematic Optical Design of Constituting Layers to Realize High‐Performance Red‐Selective Thin‐Film Organic Photodiodes
Authors: Yoon Seongwon , Koh Chang Woo , Woo Han Young , Chung Dae Sung 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA high‐performance red‐selective thin‐film organic photodiode (OPD) is designed. Dual‐band absorbing poly[(2,5‐bis(2‐hexyldecyloxy)phenylene)‐alt‐(5,6‐difluoro‐4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]‐thiadiazole)] (PPDT2FBT) is introduced as the photoactive donor layer of a planar heterojunction OPD in conjunction with a sol–gel synthesized ZnO acceptor layer. The active layer thickness is systematically controlled to suppress band II absorption (λmax = 420 nm) of PPDT2FBT without sacrificing band I absorption (λmax = 650 nm). The optimal PPDT2FBT thickness is 320 nm to realize red‐selective absorption while maintaining the low dark current density of the OPD (predicted by optical simulation conducted using the transfer matrix method). In addition, the introduction of ZnO (with a strategically determined thickness) as an acceptor layer in front of PPDT2FBT in an illumination pathway enables further suppression of band II absorption because of the blue color filter effect. Consequently, the resulting OPD with a device architecture of indium tin oxide/ZnO/PPDT2FBT/MoO3/Ag shows an outstanding red‐selective photodiode performance with peak detectivity up to 3.04 × 1012 Jones and a high linear dynamic range of 116 dB.
Selective Diffraction with Complex Amplitude Modulation by Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Song Xu , Huang Lingling , Tang Chengchun , Li Junjie , Li Xiaowei , Liu Juan , Wang Yongtian , Zentgraf Thomas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMetasurfaces have attracted extensive interest due to their ability to locally manipulate optical parameters of light and easy integration to complex optical systems. Particularly, metasurfaces can provide a novel platform for splitting and diffracting light into several beams with desired profile, which is in contrast to traditional gratings. Here, a novel method for generating independently selective diffraction orders is proposed and demonstrated. This method is based on complex amplitude modulation with ultrathin dielectric metasurfaces. By tailoring the geometric parameters of silicon nanofin structures, the geometric and dynamic phase as well as the amplitude simultaneously can be controlled spatially. The results are compared with a metasurface that uses a phase‐only modulation, to verify such selective diffraction can be solely efficiently achieved with complex amplitude modulation. Besides, the diffraction angles of each order have been measured, which are consistent with standard grating theory. The method developed for achieving selective diffraction with metasurfaces has potential applications in beam shaping, parallel laser fabrication, and nanoscale optical detection.
Novel Optoelectronic Devices: Transition‐Metal‐Dichalcogenide‐Based 2D Heterostructures
Authors: Zeng Qingsheng , Liu Zheng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOver the past decade, graphene and other 2D materials have attracted much attention in both fundamental studies and potential applications due to their extraordinary properties. In particular, heterostructures based on these van der Waals (vdW) materials have become one of the leading hot topics in the electronic and optoelectronic field. As representative photoactive 2D materials, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) play a critical role in the creation of 2D optoelectronic heterojunctions themselves or in combination with other 2D materials. Here, the optoelectronics of three types of TMD‐based 2D heterostructures are reviewed: (1) heterostructures between different TMDs, including vertical vdW heterojunctions fabricated by mechanical transfer and direct synthesis, and lateral in‐plane heterostructures formed via epitaxial growth; (2) heterostructures between TMDs and graphene built by stacking, vdW epitaxy, and lateral assembly; (3) heterostructures between TMDs and other novel 2D materials, such as black phosphorus and GaTe. The operation mechanism of all these optoelectronic devices is discussed.
Ru–Prolinamide‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Racemic β‐Heterosubstituted Cycloalkanones Driven by Dynamic Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Vyas Vijyesh K. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA ruthenium–prolinamide catalytic system has been applied for the first time in dynamic kinetic resolution/asymmetric transfer hydrogenation reactions (DKR/ATH) in aqueous medium to synthesize cis‐β‐heterosubstituted cycloalkanols with two contiguous chiral centers. The effect of various prolinamide ligands in DKR/ATH has been studied on different racemic‐β‐heterosubstituted cycloalkanones. A prolinamide ligand with a bulky substituent at an ortho position proves to be more effective than the previously reported ruthenium–TsDPEN catalytic system in aqueous medium, producing up to 99.1 % enantioselectivity and 99:1 diastereoselectivity.
Biological distance at the Ryan Mound site
Authors: Weiss Elizabeth 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe Ryan Mound site in California spans 2000 years and has been utilized in over 200 studies. The Ryan Mound has been assumed to be a culturally and, therefore, a biologically continuous population over time. This study attempts to determine whether adults at the Ryan Mound consisted of a continuous population over the span of three temporal periods by using nonmetric skeletal traits.Materials and MethodsThirty‐eight nonmetric cranial traits and four nonmetric post‐cranial traits were scored on adults. Trait correlations were assessed for sex and age using chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests. For bilateral traits, data were recorded for both sides, but only results from the left side are reported. Most data were recorded as present or absent. Twelve traits had scores that had more than two nominal categories, which were converted to binary values to enable mean measure of divergence (MMD) statistical analyses.ResultsAfter data reduction, 36 traits remained. Using these traits, standardized MMD analyses revealed that the oldest temporal period and the most recent temporal period individuals were significantly different.ConclusionThis study illustrates the importance of testing for biological continuity. Nonmetric studies provide a way to examine relationships within a sample to determine biological continuity. For the Ryan Mound, new populations may have moved into the region early on as part of the Meganos intrusion, or new populations may have moved into the region later, between AD 1500 and AD 1800. Comparative data from nearby sites further support the Meganos intrusion theory.
Influence of fruit and invertebrate consumption on the gut microbiota of wild white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus)
Authors: Mallott Elizabeth K. , Amato Katherine R. , Garber Paul A. , Malhi Ripan S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesInvertebrate consumption is thought to be an integral part of early hominin diets, and many modern human populations regularly consume insects and other arthropods. This study examines the response of gut microbial community structure and function to changes in diet in wild white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus), a primate that incorporates a large proportion of invertebrates in its diet. The goal of the study is to better understand the role of both fruit and invertebrate prey consumption on shaping primate gut microbiomes.Materials and methodsFecal samples (n = 169) and dietary data were collected over 12 months. The V3‐V5 region of microbial 16S rRNA genes was amplified and sequenced. The IM‐TORNADO pipeline was used to analyze sequences.ResultsWhite‐faced capuchin gut bacterial communities were characterized primarily by Firmicutes (41.6%) and Proteobacteria (39.2%). There was a significant relationship between the invertebrate diet composition of individual capuchins and their gut microbiome composition. However, there was no relationship between the fruit diet composition of individual capuchins and their gut microbiome composition, even when examining multiple timescales.DiscussionThe results of our study indicate that there is a stronger relationship between gut microbial community structure and invertebrate diet composition than between gut microbial community structure and fruit consumption. As invertebrates and other animal prey play an important role in the diet of many primates, these results give important insight into the role of faunivory in shaping the evolution of host‐microbe interactions in primates.
Development and validation of LC‐MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in human Plasma: Application to pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Abdallah Ola M. , Abdel‐Megied Ahmed M. , Gouda Amira S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA simple and highly sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) bioanalytical method was developed and fully validated for the first time for the simultaneous determination of newly discovered antiviral drugs, namely sofosbuvir (SOF) and daclatasvir (DAC) in human plasma. Tadalafil (TAD) was used as internal standard (IS). SOF, DAC and TAD (IS) were extracted from plasma using liquid–liquid extraction technique with methyl tert‐butyl ether. The chromatographic separation was carried out using ZorbaxSB‐C18 column (4.6 × 50 mm,5 μm) and 5 mm ammonium formate buffer (pH 3.5)–acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) as mobile phase in an isocratic elution mode pumped at a flow rate 0.7 mL min−1. The quantitation was performed on API4500 triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with positive electrospray ionization interface in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Validation was applied according to US Food and Drug Administration guidelines for bio‐analytical methodswith respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity, carry‐over, stability and dilution integrity. Linearity was obtained over concentration ranges of 0.3–3000 and 3–3000 ng mL−1 for SOF and DAC, respectively, by applying a weighted least‐squares linear regression method (1/x2). The proposed method could be applied successfully in bioequivalence and/or clinical studies for therapeutic drug monitoring of patients undergoing dual combination therapy as the latter combination proved more efficacious and powerful tool for the complete treatment of hepatitis C genotype 3 within 16 weeks. The suggested method has been applied successfully to pharmacokinetic studies with excellent assay ruggedness and reproducibility.
Efficient Synthesis of Ditopic Polyamide Receptors for Cooperative Ion Pair Recognition in Solution and Solid States
Authors: Ray Sumit Kumar , Homberg Alexandre , Vishe Mahesh , Besnard Céline , Lacour Jérôme 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFollowing a late‐stage functionalization strategy, a series of heteroditopic cryptand receptors were prepared in three steps only from 1,4‐dioxane. As evidenced by 1H NMR spectroscopic and solid state analyses, these polyamide–crown ether conjugates present general ion pair binding capacity towards salts of monovalent cations and linear triatomic anions.
Spin Selectivity in Chiral Linked Systems
Authors: Ageeva Aleksandra A. , Khramtsova Ekaterina A. , Magin Ilya M. , Rychkov Denis A. , Purtov Peter A. , Miranda Miguel A. , Leshina Tatyana V. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis work has shown spin selectivity in electron transfer (ET) of diastereomers of (R,S)‐naproxen‐(S)‐N‐methylpyrrolidine and (R,S)‐naproxen‐(S)‐tryptophan dyads. Photoinduced ET in these dyads is interesting because of the still unexplained phenomenon of stereoselectivity in the drug activity of enantiomers. The chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) enhancement coefficients of (R,S)‐diastereomers are double those of the (S,S)‐analogue. These facts are also interesting because spin effects are among the most sensitive, even to small changes in spin and molecular dynamics of paramagnetic particles. Therefore, CIDNP reflects the difference in magnetoresonance parameters (hyperfine interaction constants (HFIs), g‐factor difference) and lifetimes of the paramagnetic forms of (R,S)‐ and (S,S)‐diastereomers. The difference in HFI values for diastereomers has been confirmed by a comparison of CIDNP experimental enhancement coefficients with those calculated. Additionally, the dependence of the CIDNP enhancement coefficients on diastereomer concentration has been observed for the naproxen‐N‐methylpyrrolidine dyad. This has been explained by the participation of ET in homo‐(R,S‐R,S or S,S‐S,S) and hetero‐(R,S‐S,S) dimers of dyads. In this case, the effectivity of ET, and consequently, CIDNP, is supposed to be different for (R,S)‐ and (S,S)‐homodimers, heterodimers, and monomers. The possibility of dyad dimer formation has been demonstrated by using high‐resolution X‐ray and NMR spectroscopy techniques.
Coping, thought suppression, and perceived stress in currently depressed, previously depressed, and never depressed individuals
Authors: Thimm Jens C. , Wang Catharina E.A. , Waterloo Knut , Eisemann Martin , Halvorsen Marianne 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundPrevious research shows that depression is associated with an increase in stressful life events and perceived stress as well as dysfunctional ways of coping with stress. However, knowledge about coping in previously depressed individuals is scant.MethodsThis study compared perceived stress, coping, and thought suppression in a sample of 30 currently depressed, 63 previously depressed, and 42 never depressed individuals.ResultsAnalysis of variance revealed that previously depressed individuals showed less wishful thinking and thought suppression than the currently depressed individuals, but scored significantly higher on these strategies than the never depressed individuals. However, the group differences became nonsignificant when controlling for perceived stress and intrusions.ConclusionsThis study shows that both current depression and previous depression is related to avoidant coping (wishful thinking and thought suppression). However, these associations might be explained by the higher level of perceived stress among individuals with current or previous depression.
Mitochondrial DNA variation reveals maternal origins and demographic dynamics of Ethiopian indigenous goats
Authors: Tarekegn Getinet Mekuriaw , Tesfaye Kassahun , Mwai Okeyo Ally , Djikeng Appolinaire , Dessie Tadelle , Birungi Josephine , Osama Sarah , Zergaw Netsanet , Alemu Alubel , Achieng Gloria , Tutah Jack , Mutai Collins , Njuguna Joyce , Mwacharo Joram M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Horn of Africa forms one of the two main historical entry points of domestics into the continent and Ethiopia is particularly important in this regard. Through the analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) d‐loop region in 309 individuals from 13 populations, we reveal the maternal genetic variation and demographic dynamics of Ethiopian indigenous goats. A total of 174 variable sites that generated 231 haplotypes were observed. They defined two haplogroups that were present in all the 13 study populations. Reference haplotypes from the six globally defined goat mtDNA haplogroups show the two haplogroups present in Ethiopia to be A and G, the former being the most predominant. Although both haplogroups are characterized by an increase in effective population sizes (Ne) predating domestication, they also have experienced a decline in Ne at different time periods, suggesting different demographic histories. We observed seven haplotypes, six were directly linked to the central haplotypes of the two haplogroups and one was central to haplogroup G. The seven haplotypes were common between Ethiopia, Kenya, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia populations, suggesting common maternal history and the introduction of goats into East Africa via Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula, respectively. While providing new mtDNA data from a historically important region, our results suggest extensive intermixing of goats mediated by human socio‐cultural and economic interactions. These have led to the coexistence of the two haplogroups in different geographic regions in Ethiopia resulting in a large caprine genetic diversity that can be exploited for genetic improvement.
Symbiont‐conferred reproduction and fitness benefits can favour their host occurrence
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Kai , Yang Kun , Zhu Yu‐Xi , Hong Xiao‐Yue 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDouble infections of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma are frequent in natural populations of Tetranychus truncatus, a polyphagous mite species that has been a dominant species in China since 2009. However, little is known about the causes and ecological importance of such coexistences. In this study, we established T. truncatus strains with different infection types and then inferred the impact of the two endosymbionts on host reproduction and fitness. Double infection induced cytoplasmic incompatibility, which was demonstrated by reduction in egg hatchability of incompatible crosses. However, doubly infected females produced more eggs relative to other strains. Wolbachia and Spiroplasma did not affect host survival, whereas doubly infected females and males developed faster than other strains. Such reproduction and fitness benefits provided by double infections may be associated with the lower densities of each symbiont, and the quantitative results also confirmed competition between Wolbachia and Spiroplasma in doubly infected females. These symbiont‐conferred beneficial effects maintain stable prevalence of the symbionts and also help drive T. truncatus outbreaks in combination with other environmental factors.
The interaction of sex, height, and QRS duration on the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on morbidity and mortality: an individual‐patient data meta‐analysis
Authors: Linde Cecilia , Cleland John G.F. , Gold Michael R. , Claude Daubert J. , Tang Anthony S.L. , Young James B. , Sherfesee Lou , Abraham William T. 
Published: January 2018

AimsTo explore possible associations that may explain the greater benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) reported amongst women.Methods and resultsIn an individual‐patient data meta‐analysis of five randomized controlled trials, all‐cause mortality and the composite of all‐cause mortality or first hospitalization for heart failure (HF) were compared among 794 women and 2702 men assigned to CRT or a control group. Multivariable analyses were performed to assess the impact of sex, QRS duration, HF aetiology, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and height on outcome. Women were shorter, had smaller LVEDD, more often left bundle branch block, and less often ischaemic heart disease, but QRS duration was similar between sexes. Women tended to obtain greater benefit from CRT but sex was not an independent predictor of either outcome. For all‐cause mortality, QRS duration was the only independent predictor of CRT benefit. For the composite outcome, height and QRS duration, but not sex, were independent predictors of CRT benefit. Further analysis suggested increasing benefit with increasing QRS duration amongst shorter patients, of whom a great proportion were women.ConclusionsIn this individual‐patient data meta‐analysis, CRT benefit was greater in shorter patients, which may explain reports of enhanced CRT benefit among women. Further analyses are required to determine whether recommendations on the QRS threshold for CRT should be adjusted for height.(ClinicalTrials.gov numbers: NCT00170300, NCT00271154, NCT00251251).
Seismic performance and damage evaluation of a waffle‐flat plate structure with hysteretic dampers through shake‐table tests
Authors: Benavent‐Climent Amadeo , Donaire‐Avila Jesús , Oliver‐Sáiz Elena 
Published: January 2018

SummaryReinforced concrete waffle‐flat plate (WFP) structures present 2 important drawbacks for use as a main seismic resisting system: low lateral stiffness and limited ductility. Yet the former can serve a positive purpose when, in parallel, the flexible WFP structure is combined with a stiff system lending high‐energy dissipation capacity, to form a “flexible‐stiff mixed structure.” This paper experimentally investigates the seismic performance of WFP structures (flexible system) equipped with hysteretic dampers (stiff system) through shake‐table tests conducted on a 2/5‐scale test specimen. The WFP structure was designed only for gravitational loads. The lateral strength and stiffness provided by the dampers at each story were, respectively, about 3 and 7 times greater than those of the bare WFP structure. The mixed system was subjected to a sequence of seismic simulations representing frequent to very rare ground motions. Under the seismic simulations associated with earthquakes having return periods ranging from 93 to 1894 years, the WFP structure performed in the level of “immediate occupancy,” with maximum interstory drifts up to about 1%. The dampers dissipated most (75%) of the energy input by the earthquake.