bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political Participation in Early Stuart Ireland
Authors: Darcy Eamon 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA consideration of political participation in early Stuart Ireland suggests modifications to the prospectus outlined by Peter Lake and Steven Pincus in “Rethinking the Public Sphere in Early Modern England.” By investigating the structures that facilitated public debates about politics in Ireland, as well as the factors that complicated it, this article challenges the periodization of the public sphere offered by Lake and Pincus and suggests that there is a clear need to integrate a transnational perspective. Unlike England, Scotland, and Wales, the majority of Ireland's population was Catholic. The flow of post-Tridentine Catholic ideas from the Continent and Anglo-Britannic political culture meant that competing ideas of what constituted the common good circulated widely in Ireland and led to debates about the nature of authority in the early modern Irish state. These divisions in Irish society created a distinctive kind of politics that created particularly unstable publics. Thus, Ireland's experience of the early modern public sphere differed considerably from concurrent developments in the wider archipelago.
Publics and Participation: England, Britain, and Europe in the “Post-Reformation”
Authors: Lake Peter 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article responds to the pieces collected in this special issue of theJournal of British Studies, all of which seek to take some notion of the politics of the public sphere and either apply it to, or break it upon the wheel of, various versions of British history during the post-Reformation period. It seeks to bring the other articles into conversation both with one another as well as with existing work on the topic.
The Death of News? The Problem of Paper in the Weimar Republic
Authors: Tworek Heidi J. S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn the early 1920s, the press faced an existential challenge. Publishers proclaimed the death of news, not because nothing was happening, but because there was insufficient paper to print newspapers. While historians of the early modern period have long investigated material constraints on the spread of information, the problem of paper in Weimar Germany shows that the economics and politics of supply chains continued to shape cultural production in the twentieth century as well. Rationing during World War I subsequently became a crisis in the 1920s, when paper shortages, which had started as an issue of prices and supply chains, ballooned into a discussion about the role of the press in political and economic life, about the relationship between the federal states and the central government, and about the responsibility of a democratic government to ensure an independent press. Paper became a litmus test for the relationship between politicians and the press. The failure to resolve the crisis not only undermined the trust of publishers in Weimar institutions, but, this article argues, also enabled greater control by right-wing media empires. The public sphere, it turned out, had a very material basis.
Attitudes towards conservation of the Endangered red panda Ailurus fulgens in Nepal: a case study in protected and non-protected areas
Authors: Sharma Hari P. , Belant Jerrold L. , Shaner Pei-Jen L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe red panda Ailurus fulgens is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is threatened by anthropogenic pressures such as livestock grazing. We surveyed people living in or near protected areas and people living away from protected areas in Nepal, to understand human attitudes towards red panda conservation. Given Nepal's participatory approach to managing protected areas, we hypothesized that local people living in or near protected areas would have more positive attitudes towards red panda conservation than those in non-protected areas. Ninety percent of the 142 respondents had positive attitudes, with people living in or near protected areas expressing less positive attitudes than those in non-protected areas. Despite this difference between protected and non-protected areas, people were generally positive towards red panda conservation. However, positive attitudes did not necessarily translate to sustainable resource-use behaviour. We found there was a high prevalence of both livestock grazing and livestock disease in red panda habitat. We suggest that alternative farming practices (e.g. stall-feeding of livestock) and awareness programmes (e.g. education on the conservation status and legal protection of red pandas, and livestock–wildlife disease transmission) could be important tools to improve conservation attitudes and protect red pandas in Nepal.
Responses of Sunda clouded leopardNeofelis diardipopulation density to anthropogenic disturbance: refining estimates of its conservation status in Sabah
Authors: Hearn Andrew J. , Ross Joanna , Bernard Henry , Bakar Soffian A. , Goossens Benoit , Hunter Luke T.B. , Macdonald David W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractExtensive areas of tropical forests have been, and continue to be, disturbed as a result of selective timber extraction. Although such anthropogenic disturbance typically results in the loss of biodiversity, many species persist, and their conservation in production landscapes could be enhanced by a greater understanding of how biodiversity responds to forest management practices. We conducted intensive camera-trap surveys of eight protected forest areas in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, and developed estimates of Sunda clouded leopardNeofelis diardipopulation density from spatially explicit capture–recapture analyses of detection data to investigate how the species’ abundance varies across the landscape and in response to anthropogenic disturbance. Estimates of population density from six forest areas were 1.39–3.10 individuals per 100 km2. Our study provides the first evidence that the population density of the Sunda clouded leopard is negatively affected by hunting pressure and forest fragmentation, and that among selectively logged forests, time since logging is positively associated with abundance. We argue that these negative anthropogenic impacts could be mitigated with improved logging practices, such as reducing the access of poachers by effective gating and destruction of road access points, and by the deployment of anti-poaching patrols. By calculating a weighted mean population density estimate from estimates developed here and from the literature, and by extrapolating this value to an estimate of current available habitat, we estimate there are 754 (95% posterior interval 325–1,337) Sunda clouded leopards in Sabah.
Habitual Use of Cognitive Reappraisal Is Associated With Decreased Amplitude of the Late Positive Potential (LPP) Elicited by Threatening Pictures
Authors: Harrison Neil R. , Chassy Philippe 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In contrast to our knowledge about instructed emotion regulation, rather little is known about the effects of habitual (or “spontaneous”) emotion regulation on neural processing. We analyzed the relationship between everyday use of cognitive reappraisal (measured by the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, ERQ-R), and the amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP), which is sensitive to down-regulation of negative emotions via reappraisal. Participants viewed a series of neutral and threatening images, and rated them for level of threat. We found increased LPP amplitude for threatening compared to neutral pictures between 500 and 1,500 ms. Crucially, we found smaller LPP amplitudes to threatening versus neutral pictures for participants who used reappraisal more often in everyday life. This relationship between LPP amplitude and the ERQ-R was observed in the 1,000–1,500 ms interval of the LPP, over right centro-parietal electrodes. The current findings indicate that habitual tendency to use reappraisal is associated with reduced amplitude of the LPP in response to threatening pictures, in the absence of any explicit instruction to regulate emotions.
Tropical explosive volcanic eruptions can trigger El Niño by cooling tropical Africa
Authors: Khodri Myriam , Izumo Takeshi , Vialard Jérôme , Janicot Serge , Cassou Christophe , Lengaigne Matthieu , Mignot Juliette , Gastineau Guillaume , Guilyardi Eric , Lebas Nicolas , Robock Alan , McPhaden Michael J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStratospheric aerosols from large tropical explosive volcanic eruptions backscatter shortwave radiation and reduce the global mean surface temperature. Observations suggest that they also favour an El Niño within 2 years following the eruption. Modelling studies have, however, so far reached no consensus on either the sign or physical mechanism of El Niño response to volcanism. Here we show that an El Niño tends to peak during the year following large eruptions in simulations of the Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Targeted climate model simulations further emphasize that Pinatubo-like eruptions tend to shorten La Niñas, lengthen El Niños and induce anomalous warming when occurring during neutral states. Volcanically induced cooling in tropical Africa weakens the West African monsoon, and the resulting atmospheric Kelvin wave drives equatorial westerly wind anomalies over the western Pacific. This wind anomaly is further amplified by air–sea interactions in the Pacific, favouring an El Niño-like response.
Photochemical alteration of organic carbon draining permafrost soils shifts microbial metabolic pathways and stimulates respiration
Authors: Ward Collin P. , Nalven Sarah G. , Crump Byron C. , Kling George W. , Cory Rose M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn sunlit waters, photochemical alteration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) impacts the microbial respiration of DOC to CO2. This coupled photochemical and biological degradation of DOC is especially critical for carbon budgets in the Arctic, where thawing permafrost soils increase opportunities for DOC oxidation to CO2 in surface waters, thereby reinforcing global warming. Here we show how and why sunlight exposure impacts microbial respiration of DOC draining permafrost soils. Sunlight significantly increases or decreases microbial respiration of DOC depending on whether photo-alteration produces or removes molecules that native microbial communities used prior to light exposure. Using high-resolution chemical and microbial approaches, we show that rates of DOC processing by microbes are likely governed by a combination of the abundance and lability of DOC exported from land to water and produced by photochemical processes, and the capacity and timescale that microbial communities have to adapt to metabolize photo-altered DOC.
Bioengineering of functional human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal grafts
Authors: Kitano Kentaro , Schwartz Dana M. , Zhou Haiyang , Gilpin Sarah E. , Wojtkiewicz Gregory R. , Ren Xi , Sommer Cesar A. , Capilla Amalia V. , Mathisen Douglas J. , Goldstein Allan M. , Mostoslavsky Gustavo , Ott Harald C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPatients with short bowel syndrome lack sufficient functional intestine to sustain themselves with enteral intake alone. Transplantable vascularized bioengineered intestine could restore nutrient absorption. Here we report the engineering of humanized intestinal grafts by repopulating decellularized rat intestinal matrix with human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal epithelium and human endothelium. After 28 days of in vitro culture, hiPSC-derived progenitor cells differentiate into a monolayer of polarized intestinal epithelium. Human endothelial cells seeded via native vasculature restore perfusability. Ex vivo isolated perfusion testing confirms transfer of glucose and medium-chain fatty acids from lumen to venous effluent. Four weeks after transplantation to RNU rats, grafts show survival and maturation of regenerated epithelium. Systemic venous sampling and positron emission tomography confirm uptake of glucose and fatty acids in vivo. Bioengineering intestine on vascularized native scaffolds could bridge the gap between cell/tissue-scale regeneration and whole organ-scale technology needed to treat intestinal failure patients.
Molecular architecture of the PBP2–MreC core bacterial cell wall synthesis complex
Authors: Contreras-Martel Carlos , Martins Alexandre , Ecobichon Chantal , Trindade Daniel Maragno , Matteï Pierre-Jean , Hicham Samia , Hardouin Pierre , Ghachi Meriem El , Boneca Ivo G. , Dessen Andréa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBacterial cell wall biosynthesis is an essential process that requires the coordinated activity of peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymes within multi-protein complexes involved in cell division (the “divisome”) and lateral wall growth (the “elongasome”). MreC is a structural protein that serves as a platform during wall elongation, scaffolding other essential peptidoglycan biosynthesis macromolecules, such as penicillin-binding proteins. Despite the importance of these multi-partite complexes, details of their architecture have remained elusive due to the transitory nature of their interactions. Here, we present the crystal structures of the soluble PBP2:MreC core elongasome complex from Helicobacter pylori, and of uncomplexed PBP2. PBP2 recognizes the two-winged MreC molecule upon opening of its N-terminal region, revealing a hydrophobic zipper that serves as binding platform. The PBP2:MreC interface is essential both for protein recognition in vitro and maintenance of bacterial shape and growth. This work allows visualization as to how peptidoglycan machinery proteins are scaffolded, revealing interaction regions that could be targeted by tailored inhibitors.
External oxidant-free electrooxidative [3 + 2] annulation between phenol and indole derivatives
Authors: Liu Kun , Tang Shan , Huang Pengfei , Lei Aiwen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntermolecular [3 + 2] annulation is one of the most straightforward approaches to construct five membered heterocycles. However, it generally requires the use of functionalized substrates. An ideal reaction approach is to achieve dehydrogenative [3 + 2] annulation under oxidant-free conditions. Here we show an electrooxidative [3 + 2] annulation between phenols and N-acetylindoles under undivided electrolytic conditions. Neither external chemical oxidants nor metal catalysts are required to facilitate the dehydrogenation processes. This reaction protocol provides an environmentally friendly way for the selective synthesis of benzofuroindolines. Various N-acetylindoles bearing different C-3 and C-2 substituents are suitable in this electrochemical transformation, furnishing corresponding benzofuroindolines in up to 99% yield.
Analog quantum simulation of the Rabi model in the ultra-strong coupling regime
Authors: Braumüller Jochen , Marthaler Michael , Schneider Andre , Stehli Alexander , Rotzinger Hannes , Weides Martin , Ustinov Alexey V. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe quantum Rabi model describes the fundamental mechanism of light-matter interaction. It consists of a two-level atom or qubit coupled to a quantized harmonic mode via a transversal interaction. In the weak coupling regime, it reduces to the well-known Jaynes–Cummings model by applying a rotating wave approximation. The rotating wave approximation breaks down in the ultra-strong coupling regime, where the effective coupling strength g is comparable to the energy ω of the bosonic mode, and remarkable features in the system dynamics are revealed. Here we demonstrate an analog quantum simulation of an effective quantum Rabi model in the ultra-strong coupling regime, achieving a relative coupling ratio of g/ω ~ 0.6. The quantum hardware of the simulator is a superconducting circuit embedded in a cQED setup. We observe fast and periodic quantum state collapses and revivals of the initial qubit state, being the most distinct signature of the synthesized model.
Insights into beta cell regeneration for diabetes via integration of molecular landscapes in human insulinomas
Authors: Wang Huan , Bender Aaron , Wang Peng , Karakose Esra , Inabnet William B. , Libutti Steven K. , Arnold Andrew , Lambertini Luca , Stang Micheal , Chen Herbert , Kasai Yumi , Mahajan Milind , Kinoshita Yayoi , Fernandez-Ranvier Gustavo , Becker Thomas C. , Takane Karen K. , Walker Laura A. , Saul Shira , Chen Rong , Scott Donald K. , Ferrer Jorge , Antipin Yevgeniy , Donovan Michael , Uzilov Andrew V. , Reva Boris , Schadt Eric E. , Losic Bojan , Argmann Carmen , Stewart Andrew F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAlthough diabetes results in part from a deficiency of normal pancreatic beta cells, inducing human beta cells to regenerate is difficult. Reasoning that insulinomas hold the “genomic recipe” for beta cell expansion, we surveyed 38 human insulinomas to obtain insights into therapeutic pathways for beta cell regeneration. An integrative analysis of whole-exome and RNA-sequencing data was employed to extensively characterize the genomic and molecular landscape of insulinomas relative to normal beta cells. Here, we show at the pathway level that the majority of the insulinomas display mutations, copy number variants and/or dysregulation of epigenetic modifying genes, most prominently in the polycomb and trithorax families. Importantly, these processes are coupled to co-expression network modules associated with cell proliferation, revealing candidates for inducing beta cell regeneration. Validation of key computational predictions supports the concept that understanding the molecular complexity of insulinoma may be a valuable approach to diabetes drug discovery.
Loss of Endometrial Sodium Glucose Cotransporter SGLT1 is Detrimental to Embryo Survival and Fetal Growth in Pregnancy
Authors: Salker Madhuri S. , Singh Yogesh , Zeng Ni , Chen Hong , Zhang Shaqiu , Umbach Anja T , Fakhri Hajar , Kohlhofer Ursula , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Durairaj Ruban R. Peter , Barros Flavio S. V. , Vrljicak Pavle , Ott Sascha , Brucker Sara Y , Wallwiener Diethelm , Vrhovac Madunić Ivana , Breljak Davorka , Sabolić Ivan , Koepsell Hermann , Brosens Jan J. , Lang Florian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEmbryo implantation requires a hospitable uterine environment. A key metabolic change that occurs during the peri-implantation period, and throughout early pregnancy, is the rise in endometrial glycogen content. Glycogen accumulation requires prior cellular uptake of glucose. Here we show that both human and murine endometrial epithelial cells express the high affinity Na+-coupled glucose carrier SGLT1. Ussing chamber experiments revealed electrogenic glucose transport across the endometrium in wild type (Slc5a1+/+) but not in SGLT1 deficient (Slc5a1−/−) mice. Endometrial glycogen content, litter size and weight of offspring at birth were significantly lower in Slc5a1−/− mice. In humans, SLC5A1 expression was upregulated upon decidualization of primary endometrial stromal cells. Endometrial SLC5A1 expression during the implantation window was attenuated in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss when compared with control subjects. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism establishing adequate endometrial glycogen stores for pregnancy. Disruption of this histiotrophic pathway leads to adverse pregnancy outcome.
Pteropods are excellent recorders of surface temperature and carbonate ion concentration
Authors: Keul N. , Peijnenburg K. T. C. A. , Andersen N. , Kitidis V. , Goetze E. , Schneider R. R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPteropods are among the first responders to ocean acidification and warming, but have not yet been widely explored as carriers of marine paleoenvironmental signals. In order to characterize the stable isotopic composition of aragonitic pteropod shells and their variation in response to climate change parameters, such as seawater temperature, pteropod shells (Heliconoides inflatus) were collected along a latitudinal transect in the Atlantic Ocean (31° N to 38° S). Comparison of shell oxygen isotopic composition to depth changes in the calculated aragonite equilibrium oxygen isotope values implies shallow calcification depths forH.inflatus(75 m). This species is therefore a good potential proxy carrier for past variations in surface ocean properties. Furthermore, we identified pteropod shells to be excellent recorders of climate change, as carbonate ion concentration and temperature in the upper water column have dominant influences on pteropod shell carbon and oxygen isotopic composition. These results, in combination with a broad distribution and high abundance, make the pteropod species studied here,H.inflatus, a promising new proxy carrier in paleoceanography.
Knockout of the epilepsy gene Depdc5 in mice causes severe embryonic dysmorphology with hyperactivity of mTORC1 signalling
Authors: Hughes James , Dawson Ruby , Tea Melinda , McAninch Dale , Piltz Sandra , Jackson Dominique , Stewart Laura , Ricos Michael G. , Dibbens Leanne M. , Harvey Natasha L. , Thomas Paul 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDEPDC5 mutations have recently been shown to cause epilepsy in humans. Evidence from in vitro studies has implicated DEPDC5 as a negative regulator of mTORC1 during amino acid insufficiency as part of the GATOR1 complex. To investigate the role of DEPDC5 in vivo we generated a null mouse model using targeted CRISPR mutagenesis. Depdc5 homozygotes display severe phenotypic defects between 12.5-15.5 dpc, including hypotrophy, anaemia, oedema, and cranial dysmorphology as well as blood and lymphatic vascular defects. mTORC1 hyperactivity was observed in the brain of knockout embryos and in fibroblasts and neurospheres isolated from knockout embryos and cultured in nutrient deprived conditions. Heterozygous mice appeared to be normal and we found no evidence of increased susceptibility to seizures or tumorigenesis. Together, these data support mTORC1 hyperactivation as the likely pathogenic mechanism that underpins DEPDC5 loss of function in humans and highlights the potential utility of mTORC1 inhibitors in the treatment of DEPDC5-associated epilepsy.
A Potent Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase Inhibitor to Study the Function of TRAP in Alveolar Macrophages
Authors: Boorsma Carian E. , van der Veen T. Anienke , Putri Kurnia S. S. , de Almeida Andreia , Draijer Christina , Mauad Thais , Fejer Gyorgy , Brandsma Corry-Anke , van den Berge Maarten , Bossé Yohan , Sin Don , Hao Ke , Reithmeier Anja , Andersson Göran , Olinga Peter , Timens Wim , Casini Angela , Melgert Barbro N. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe enzyme tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP, two isoforms 5a and 5b) is highly expressed in alveolar macrophages, but its function there is unclear and potent selective inhibitors of TRAP are required to assess functional aspects of the protein. We found higher TRAP activity/expression in lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma compared to controls and more TRAP activity in lungs of mice with experimental COPD or asthma. Stimuli related to asthma and/or COPD were tested for their capacity to induce TRAP. Receptor activator of NF-κb ligand (RANKL) and Xanthine/Xanthine Oxidase induced TRAP mRNA expression in mouse macrophages, but only RANKL also induced TRAP activity in mouse lung slices. Several Au(III) coordination compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit TRAP activity and [Au(4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine)Cl2][PF6] (AubipyOMe) was found to be the most potent inhibitor of TRAP5a and 5b activity reported to date (IC50 1.3 and 1.8 μM respectively). AubipyOMe also inhibited TRAP activity in murine macrophage and human lung tissue extracts. In a functional assay with physiological TRAP substrate osteopontin, AubipyOMe inhibited mouse macrophage migration over osteopontin-coated membranes. In conclusion, higher TRAP expression/activity are associated with COPD and asthma and TRAP is involved in regulating macrophage migration.