bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension: recent accomplishments and future challenges
Authors: Lajoie Annie‐Christine , Bonnet Sebastien , Provencher Steeve 
Published: May 2017

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life‐threatening disease characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, ultimately leading to right heart failure and death. Throughout the past 20 years, numerous specific pharmacologic agents, including phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists, prostaglandins, and more recently, soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators and selective IP prostacyclin receptor agonist, have emerged for the treatment of PAH. Early clinical trials were typically of short‐term duration, comparing the effects of PAH‐targeted therapies versus placebo and using exercise tolerance as the primary endpoint in most trials. A meta‐analysis of these trials documented a reduction in short‐term mortality of ∼40% with monotherapy. More recently, we have witnessed a progressive shift in PAH study designs using longer event‐driven trials comparing the effects of upfront and sequential combination therapy on clinical worsening that is perceived as a more clinically relevant outcome measure. Recent meta‐analyses also documented that combination therapy significantly reduced the risk of clinical worsening by ∼35% compared with monotherapy alone.In this review article, we will discuss the evolution of treatments and clinical trial design in the field of PAH over the past decades with a special focus on combination therapy and its current role in the management of PAH. We will also detail unresolved questions regarding the future of PAH patients’ care and the challenges of future clinical trials.
Case report of novel CACNA1A gene mutation causing episodic ataxia type 2
Authors: Isaacs David Alan , Bradshaw Michael J , Brown Kelly , Hedera Peter 
Published: May 2017

Background: Episodic ataxia type 2 (OMIM 108500) is an autosomal dominant channelopathy characterized by paroxysms of ataxia, vertigo, nausea, and other neurologic symptoms. More than 50 mutations of the CACNA1A gene have been discovered in families with episodic ataxia type 2, although 30%–50% of all patients with typical episodic ataxia type 2 phenotype have no detectable mutation of the CACNA1A gene. Case: A 46-year-old Caucasian man, with a long history of bouts of imbalance, vertigo, and nausea, presented to our hospital with 2 weeks of ataxia and headache. Subsequent evaluation revealed a novel mutation in the CACNA1A gene: c.1364 G > A Arg455Gln. Acetazolamide was initiated with symptomatic improvement. Conclusion: This case report expands the list of known CACNA1A mutations associated with episodic ataxia type 2.
Validation of descriptive clinical pathway criteria in the systematic identification of publications in emergency medicine
Authors: Adjemian Raffi , Zirkohi Atbin Moradi , Coombs Robin , Mickan Sharon , Vaillancourt Christian 
Published: May 2017

Background Heterogeneity in both the definition and terminology of clinical pathways presents a challenge to the systematic identification of primary studies for review purposes. Recently developed clinical pathway identification criteria may facilitate both the identification and assessment of clinical pathway studies. The goal of this publication is the validation of these five criteria in a descriptive systematic review of actively implemented clinical pathway studies in the emergency department setting. The main outcome measure is the inter-rater agreement of investigators using the clinical pathway criteria. Methods We performed a systematic literature search from 2006 to 2015 using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL. All types of prospective trial designs were eligible. We identified relevant publications using the above-mentioned clinical pathway criteria. Two reviewers independently collected data using a piloted data abstraction tool. Results We identified 5947 publications, with 472 potentially relevant full text publications retrieved. Of these, 357 did not meet preliminary study inclusion criteria, leaving 115 publications where the clinical pathway criteria were applied. Ultimately, 44 publications were included. The inter-rater agreement of the criteria was very good (κ = 0.81, 95% Confidence Interval = 0.70–0.92). The vast majority of studies were excluded because the intervention did not meet the criterion of being multidisciplinary in nature. Conclusion These criteria are a useful instrument to reliably identify clinical pathway publications for systematic review purposes in an emergency department setting. Future modification of these criteria may improve their usefulness. Particular attention should be placed on clarifying what is meant by multidisciplinary involvement within the context of clinical pathway interventions, with specific emphasis placed on delineating the level of involvement of each discipline and their decision-making responsibility.
Relationship of Musculotendinous Junction Location to Harvested Semitendinosus and Gracilis Tendon Length
Authors: Ilahi Omer A. , Stautberg Eugene F. , Mansfield David J. , Qadeer Ali A. 
Published: May 2017

Background: Harvested hamstring tendon length has received scant attention in published anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction literature, yet length can limit the ability to increase graft diameter by folding the tendon over more than once. Indeed, some ultrashort tendons may be too short to yield a clinically useful graft after being folded over just once. Ultimately, the total length of a harvested hamstring tendon may depend on the length of the tendon distal to its musculotendinous (MT) junction. Purpose: To compare the lengths of harvested hamstring tendons to the location of the MT junction to help predict abnormally short tendon harvest. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Eighty-four consecutive patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon autografts underwent intraoperative measurement of the total length of each harvested semitendinosus (ST) and gracilis (G) tendon, as well as the distance from the MT junction to that tendon’s distal end (ie, the “tendon-only” length). Results: The ratio of the tendon-only portion to total harvested tendon length averaged 0.52 (range, 0.39-0.71) for the ST and 0.52 (range, 0.43-0.71) for the G, suggesting a 95% chance of harvesting a tendon <15 cm in length for the tendon-only portion is <6.45 cm for ST or <6.75 cm for G tendons. There was moderate correlation between the lengths of harvested ST and G tendons with patient height as well as with the diameter of the combined, quadruple-stranded graft. Conclusion: The ratio of the tendon-only length to total harvested length for both the ST and G appear to range from approximately 0.4 to 0.7. Patients with abnormally distal MT junctions of either their ST or G are likely to have an abnormally short harvest of that tendon, even in the absence of technical harvesting error.
Polycomb repressive complexes in hematological malignancies
Authors: Iwama Atsushi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe deregulation of polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) has been reported in a number of hematological malignancies. These complexes exert oncogenic or tumor-suppressive functions depending on tumor type. These findings have revolutionized our understanding of the pathophysiology of hematological malignancies and the impact of deregulated epigenomes in tumor development and progression. The therapeutic targeting of PRCs is currently attracting increasing attention and being extensively examined in clinical studies, leading to new therapeutic strategies that may improve the outcomes of patients with hematological malignancies.
PD-1 blockade enhances elotuzumab efficacy in mouse tumor models
Authors: Bezman Natalie A. , Jhatakia Amy , Kearney Alper Y. , Brender Ty , Maurer Mark , Henning Karla , Jenkins Misty R. , Rogers Amy J. , Neeson Paul J. , Korman Alan J. , Robbins Michael D. , Graziano Robert F. 
Published: May 2017

Key PointsThe combination of elotuzumab and an anti–PD-1 antibody leads to enhanced antitumor efficacy in mouse models. Enhanced antitumor activity is likely due to the promotion of tumor-infiltrating NK and T-cell activity.
Randomized Phase II Study of Azacitidine Alone or in Combination With Lenalidomide or With Vorinostat in Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia: North American Intergroup Study SWOG S1117
Authors: Sekeres Mikkael A. , Othus Megan , List Alan F. , Odenike Olatoyosi , Stone Richard M. , Gore Steven D. , Litzow Mark R. , Buckstein Rena , Fang Min , Roulston Diane , Bloomfield Clara D. , Moseley Anna , Nazha Aziz , Zhang Yanming , Velasco Mario R. , Gaur Rakesh , Atallah Ehab , Attar Eyal C. , Cook Elina K. , Cull Alyssa H. , Rauh Michael J. , Appelbaum Frederick R. , Erba Harry P. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose Azacitidine is standard, first-line therapy in higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Whether azacitidine-based combinations with lenalidomide or vorinostat produce superior overall response rates (ORRs) to azacitidine is not known. Patients and Methods North American Intergroup Study S1117 is a phase II/III trial that randomly assigned patients with higher-risk MDS and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) 1:1:1 to azacitidine (75 mg/m2/day on days 1 to 7 of a 28-day cycle); azacitidine plus lenalidomide (10 mg/day on days 1 to 21); or azacitidine plus vorinostat (300 mg twice daily on days 3 to 9). The primary phase II end point was improved ORR. Results Of 277 patients from 90 centers, 92 received azacitidine, 93 received azacitidine plus lenalidomide, and 92 received azacitidine plus vorinostat. Median age was 70 years (range, 28 to 93 years), 85 patients (31%) were female, and 53 patients (19%) had CMML. Serious adverse events were similar across arms, although combination-arm patients were more likely to undergo nonprotocol-defined dose modifications ( P < .001).With a median follow-up of 23 months (range, 1 to 43 months), the ORR was 38% for patients receiving azacitidine, 49% for azacitidine plus lenalidomide ( P = .14 v azacitidine), and 27% for azacitidine plus vorinostat ( P = .16 v azacitidine). For patients with CMML, ORR was higher for azacitidine plus lenalidomide versus azacitidine (68% v 28%, P = .02) but similar for all arms across cytogenetic subgroups, as was remission duration and overall survival. ORR was higher with mutations in DNMT3A and lower for SRSF2, whereas ORR duration improved with fewer mutations. Lenalidomide dose reduction was associated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.30; P = .05). Conclusion Patients with higher-risk MDS treated with azacitidine-based combinations had similar ORR to azacitidine monotherapy, although patients with CMML benefitted from azacitidine plus lenalidomide. The efficacy of combination regimens may have been affected by dose modifications.
A nomenclatural review of Argyreia (Convolvulaceae)
Authors: Staples G.W. , Traiperm Paweena 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper accounts for all names published in Argyreia Lour., Lettsomia Roxb., and Moorcroftia Choisy, reconciles the taxonomy and nomenclature for those names based on study of type specimens for nearly all of them. In total, 135 species and 5 varieties are accepted; a significant increase in the species‐level diversity relative to previously published estimates in the literature. Concise summaries of the infrageneric relationships, distribution and biogeography, taxonomy, and nomenclatural complexities are provided; relevant literature is cited throughout. Excluded species and uncertain species are treated in separate sections. One new combination is made at varietal rank and one invalid name in current use is here validated. A comprehensive index is provided to all published names, cross‐referenced to the accepted name.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Algae: 17
Authors: Prud’homme van Reine Willem F. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryVertebraria Royle ex McCoy (fossil Gymnospermae) is recommended for conservation against Vertebraria Roussel (Algae: Rhodophyceae) and Catenaria Sorokin (Fungi: Blastocladiomycota) is recommended for conservation against Catenaria Roussel (Algae: Rhodophyceae). Trichomonas (Algae: Euglenophycota) is recommended for conservation with that spelling. Fucus baillouviana (Rhodophyceae) is recommended for outright rejection. Lagerheimia (De Toni) Chodat (Algae: Chlorophyceae) is not recommended for conservation against Lagerheima (Fungi: Ascomycota), and the Committee concluded that those two names are not sufficiently alike to be confused.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi: 21 – Lists from working groups
Authors: May Tom W. 
Published: May 2017

SummarySix lists of names from working groups set up under Art. 14.13 are approved, consisting of 3 names of families, 43 names of genera and 5 names of species, to be treated as conserved against the listed synonymous or homonymous names. Lists were compiled by working groups approved by the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi: on Cordyceps, Diaporthales, Dothideomycetes, Hypocreales, Leotiomycetes, and Trichoderma and Hypocrea. Issues around interpretation of Art. 14.13 and 56.3 and implementation of Art. 57.2 are discussed.
Phylogenetic relationships and generic re‐arrangements in “South Andean Loasas” (Loasaceae)
Authors: Acuña Rafael , Fließwasser Stella , Ackermann Markus , Henning Tilo , Luebert Federico , Weigend Maximilian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLoasaceae, a mostly American group, is one of the largest families of Cornales. In spite of considerable progress over the last 20 years, the relationships of some clades remain controversial, especially in the “South Andean Loasas” (SAL—Blumenbachia, Caiophora, Loasa, Scyphanthus). The present study addresses the phylogenetic relationships in SAL employing four plastid markers (rps16, trnL‐trnF, trnS‐trnG, matK) and ITS and aims at resolving the systematics and evolution of the group. Sequences obtained from a total of 59 SAL species (ca. 70% of the total, representing all lineages in the group) and 25 outgroup taxa were analysed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference approaches. ML best and BI strict consensus trees showed no significant differences in their topologies. Our results confirm that two species of Loasa ser. Malesherbioideae are not part of the SAL clade, but should be included in Presliophytum, a result which is here formalized. Blumenbachia (including sect. Angulatae and sect. Gripidea) is confirmed as a monophylum with high support. Loasa has to be redefined and restricted to a clade including only ser. Deserticolae, ser. Floribundae, ser. Loasa and ser. Macrospermae. Scyphanthus and Caiophora both are each monophyla and sister groups, but with two clades of Loasa as successive sister groups: (((Caiophora+Scyphanthus)+Loasa ser. Pinnatae)+(L. ser. Volubiles+L. ser. Acaules)) in a very well‐supported clade. Accordingly, Caiophora, Loasa ser. Pinnatae, L. ser. Volubiles, L. ser. Acaules and Scyphanthus could be included into a single genus, with Scyphanthus taking priority over Caiophora, creating a fairly heterogenous genus of ca. 52 species and requiring 50 new names. Alternatively, the clades Loasa ser. Pinnatae and L. ser. Volubiles + ser. Acaules can be removed into new segregate genera, which is here argued for and which requires the creation of only 16 new names. The new genus names and some of the new combinations are here formalized.
Phylogeny of the Athroismeae (Asteraceae), with a new circumscription of the tribe
Authors: Bengtson Annika , Enguind Markus , Pruski John F. , Anderberg Arne A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAthroismeae is a small tribe of the Asteraceae‐Asteroideae, the members of which show considerable variation in morphology. A molecular phylogenetic study of the tribe is presented for the first time, based on plastid (ndhF, trnH‐pssbA, trnL‐trnF) and nuclear data (ETS, ITS). The phylogenetic relationships between the different genera within Athroismeae are discussed, and in addition, three unispecific genera: Anissochaeta, Artemissiopssiss and Symphyllocarpuss as well as Duhaldea (Inula) sstuhlmannii, all earlier placed in other tribes, are here shown to belong within Athroismeae. Symphyllocarpuss is sister to Centipeda and the earlier Symphyllocarpinae includes Centipedinae in synonymy. Furthermore, Cardossoa and Philyrophyllum are found to be integrated within Anissopappuss and their generic status cannot be maintained. An outline of an amended circumscription of the Athroismeae is presented, with three new combinations and a description of the new subtribe Lowryanthinae.
Explaining Momentum and Value Simultaneously
Authors: Li Jun 
Published: May 2017

This paper proposes a unified risk-based explanation for momentum profits and the value premium in a neoclassical investment-based model. Winner firms have higher short-term productivity and hence more negative exposures to the price of investment goods than loser firms as a result of greater investment plans. Value firms have lower long-term productivity and higher operating leverage and hence higher sensitivities to neutral productivity shocks than growth firms. The model reproduces the coexistence of momentum profits and the value premium, the failure of the unconditional capital asset pricing model, the predictability of momentum profits by market states, and the long-term reversal of momentum profits. Empirical tests confirm a negative price of risk for the shock to the relative price of investment goods. This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.
Can mental health clusters be replaced by patient typing?
Authors: Dye Stephen 
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Psychiatric intensive care units (PICUs) are well defined, but there is poor clarity surrounding the types of patient treated. Clustering as a way of describing need is standard. Clinical patient typing has been suggested as an alternative but without examination of usefulness. This paper compares mental health clustering with clinical patient typing within a PICU. Methods: Following development of a clinical patient typing measurement, length of stay of 100 consecutive transfers from a PICU were measured. Similarities between clinical typing and clustering were assessed graphically and by McNemar's test for marginal homogeneity. Length of admission and transfer delay were analysed using ANOVA and Fisher's least significant difference method. Results: There was no evidence of a consistent relationship between clustering and patient typing. There were significant differences between different patient types in length of stay, transfer delay and facilities to which patients were transferred. There was no difference when patients were separated by clusters. Conclusions and implications for clinical practice: Clinical patient typing outlines different groups of patients managed within a PICU better than established methods of clustering. It should be taken into consideration as a method to clinically assess patient need.
Developing, implementing and sustaining an end-of-life care programme in residential care homes
Authors: Kinley Julie , Stone Louisa , Butt Anna , Kenyon Barbara , Lopes Nuno Santos 
Published: May 2017

Background: In the UK 15.8% of people aged 85 years and over live in a care home or long-stay hospital setting. With the projection of an ageing population it is realistic to expect that the number of people both living and dying in all care homes will increase. This article describes the implementation of an end-of-life care programme to empower staff to meet their resident's end-of-life care needs. Methods: To implement an end-of-life care programme, namely the ‘Steps to Success’ programme, in residential care homes. Measurable outcomes were collected through audit. Results: Over four years audit of all deceased residents' records in the participating homes was collected. This shows an increase of home deaths in 2011/12 to 2014/15 from 44% (n=8/18) within four residential care homes to 64% (n=74/115) in 23 residential care homes with corresponding increase in advance care plan discussions and completion of ‘do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation’ forms. Conclusion: Achieving change is any organisation let alone sustaining such change is not easy. Six factors enabled this to occur and these should be considered when implementing other such initiatives in residential care homes.
Palliative care nurses' spiritual caring interventions: a conceptual understanding
Authors: Ronaldson Susan , Hayes Lillian , Aggar Christina , Green Jennifer , Carey Michele 
Published: May 2017

Aims: To investigate spiritual caring by palliative care nurses and to describe their interventions. Background: Spirituality and spiritual caring are recognised as integral components of holistic nursing. Design: Qualitative data captured on a questionnaire were analysed thematically ( Braun and Clarke, 2006 ). Methods: The study involved forty-two palliative care registered nurses working across seven palliative care services in Sydney, Australia. The research question was: ‘What spiritual caring interventions do palliative care nurses use in their practice?’ Nurses completed an open-ended questionnaire to identify and interpret their spiritual caring. Findings: Three sub-theme categories and four major concepts of spiritual caring. Categories identified are: humanistic, pragmatic and religious interventions; while concepts of spiritual caring are: ‘being with’, ‘listening to’, ‘facilitation of’ and ‘engaging in’. Conclusion: A conceptual understanding of spiritual caring was identified.
Synthesising knowledge for physiotherapy practice. Key steps towards review methodology
Authors: Beenen Paul , Castro-Caldas Alexandre 
Published: May 2017

Background: One of the consequences of rethinking evidence-based practice in physiotherapy is acknowledging the complexity and the different kinds of knowledge used in the decision-making of physiotherapists. This has profound consequences for the kinds of knowledge that should be researched and synthesised in order to inform practice. Methods: A critical review of review methodology was carried out and results were interpreted using narrative synthesis. Findings: This article focuses on how to generalise (synthesise) different kinds of knowledge with the available review methodology in order to adequately inform physiotherapy practice. It does so by suggesting a set of key steps and offering a brief overview of review methodology. Conclusions: More awareness and use of the diversity in review methodology in physiotherapy can improve theory building and inform practice better. Reviewers could increase the impact of their studies by focusing more on the external validity of methods and results. The article finishes with recommendations for improving the critical use of different review methodologies for physiotherapy practice.