bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on prior preparation for menstrual experience from women and female health workers in Malawi
Authors: Mwalabu Gertrude , Mbewe Safari , Namathanga Annie , Masese Rodney , Kabondo Charity , Katuya Leah , Petrucka Pammla , Mapulanga Patrick 
Published: September 2024

Background: While studies have explored various aspects of menstruation, an evident gap remains in the literature concerning the perspectives of young women and female health workers. By shedding light on this unexplored terrain, the study provides novel insights that can inform targeted interventions and foster a more inclusive understanding of menstrual health. As such, this investigation stands at the forefront of academic endeavour in menstrual health research, making an original and valuable impact in the field. Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore the experiences of reproductive-aged women during menstruation in Malawi. The specific objectives were to examine the experiences of reproductive-age women related to menstrual preparation, identify factors influencing the choice of menstrual products for women in Malawi, and identify the public health implications of menstrual products. Design: This cross-sectional study employed qualitative research methods to explore the acceptance and implementation of menstrual cups as a feminine hygienic product for women in Malawi. Methods: The study involved focus group discussions and interviews with reproductive-age women aged 18–54 years and health providers at Bwaila and Mitundu family clinics and Lighthouse HIV management centres. Thematic content analysis was performed using NVivo 12. Ethical approval was obtained from the College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee (P.08/21/3379). Results: Education on menstruation is provided as early as 10 years before menarche by sisters, friends, mothers, aunties and grandmothers. Parents remain silent on menstrual issues. Commonly used menstrual products include disposable pads, cloths, reusable pads and cotton wool. While a few mentioned using tampons, pieces of blankets and flex foam, the majority demonstrated widespread ignorance about menstrual cups. Mentors or counsellors, affordability, accessibility, comfort and disposal issues influence women’s choice of products being used. Conclusion: Parents need to break the silence on menstrual issues. Messages on menstruation and menstrual products are explicit in forming female adolescents what to expect with menarche, how to manage menses including health-related impacts, and ways of mitigating menses-related misconceptions, discrimination and stigma, and could be incorporated into the primary school curriculum. Safe menstrual products are accessible free of charge or at a subsidised cost.
Healthcare-associated infections and nursing leadership: A systematic review
Authors: Cappelli Eva , Zaghini Francesco , Fiorini Jacopo , Sili Alessandro 
Published: September 2024

Background Healthcare-associated infections are strictly related to healthcare practices. A head nurse stimulates and motivates nurses, boosts nurses’ job performance and satisfaction, and can influence adverse event development. Aim To explore the relationship between healthcare-associated infections and head nurse leadership style. Methods A systematic review was conducted. The search was conducted from 1973 until March 2022 on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, and APA PsycInfo databases. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A thematic synthesis and critical appraisal of the included studies have been conducted. Results Eight articles were included in this review. Head nurses’ leadership, supported by the organization, can positively influence the job performance and job satisfaction of nurses by reducing infection rates associated with vascular access and urinary catheters. Discussion Authentic and transformational nurse leadership styles can foster targeted interventions and improvements tailored to preventing and controlling healthcare-associated infections. Even if there is limited evidence, the results support that the occurrence of infections can be reduced by leadership strategies implemented by head nurses.
Sex-specific impact of GCKR rs1260326 polymorphism on metabolic traits in an older Japanese population: the Bunkyo Health Study
Authors: Sakamoto Shota , Kakehi Saori , Abudurezake Abulaiti , Kaga Hideyoshi , Someya Yuki , Tabata Hiroki , Yoshizawa Yasuyo , Naito Hitoshi , Tajima Tsubasa , Ito Naoaki , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka , Tamura Yoshifumi 
Published: September 2024

Background: Metabolic syndrome involves health problems influenced by aging and genetics. The glucokinase regulatory protein ( GCKR) rs1260326 polymorphism (Leu446) is associated with metabolic traits. This study explores the impact of the GCKR rs1260326 polymorphism on metabolic traits in older Japanese with focusing on sex-specific differences. Methods: This cross-sectional study from the Bunkyo Health Study in Tokyo, Japan, examined 883 participants aged 65–84 years. Participants were excluded with diabetes, or on drug treatment for diabetes or dyslipidemia. The GCKR P446L polymorphism was analyzed and compared their characteristics of physical activity, dietary intake, body composition, and metabolic parameters. Results: Study participants with GCKR rs1260326 genotypes (C/C 20.7%, C/T 47.6%, T/T 31.7%) had a median age of 72 years, and 60.4% were women. Men with the T/T genotype, as compared to the C/C genotype, had a lower body weight, body mass index (BMI), and skeletal mass index. This genotype also associated with lower fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and higher Matsuda index, but not after adjustment for age, BMI, and physical activity. In contrast, women with the T/T genotype, compared to the C/C genotype, showed higher C-reactive protein, fibroblast growth factor 21, and Matsuda index. They also had lower fasting insulin, insulin area under the curve, and HOMA-IR; with these associations being independent of age, BMI, and physical activity. Conclusion: The GCKR rs1260326 genotype-affected metabolic traits differentially by sex in older Japanese. This highlights the need to consider sex differences in GCKR-related metabolic outcomes.
Automatic selection model to identify neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Sánchez-DelaCruz Eddy , Loeza-Mejía Cecilia-Irene , Primero-Huerta César , Fuentes-Ramos Mirta 
Published: September 2024

Objective This study evaluates machine learning algorithms’ effectiveness in classifying Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease based on biomarker data obtained non-invasively from patients and healthy controls. Methods Datasets containing biomarker data ( x, y, and z values of accelerometers) from sensors were collected from Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease patients, and healthy controls. An automatic selection model method was implemented for disease classification, using a unique Mexican database of human gait biomarkers, which we consider the only one of its kind. Random forest, random subspace method, and K-star algorithms were employed, with parameters optimized through an automated model selection. Results The study achieved a 0.893 precision rate for Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease using the random subspace method. The findings underscore the potential of machine learning techniques in medical diagnosis, particularly in neurological disorders. Conclusion The automatic selection model method demonstrated efficacy in classifying Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease based on non-invasive biomarker data. This research contributes to advancing non-invasive diagnostic approaches in neurological disorders, highlighting the significance of machine learning in healthcare.
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Need for Privacy Scale
Authors: Wang Hao , Cheng Ming , Zhu Wenlan 
Published: September 2024

Introduction The need for privacy is a high-order psychological need of human, which is closely related to human mental health problems in the digital age. The Need for Privacy Scale (NFP-S) is a reliable measure of need for privacy. This study tested its psychometric characteristics among Chinese populations. Methods Firstly, we modified and translated the NFP-S into Chinese version (NFP-SC). Subsequently, we invited 15 participants to complete pre testing of the NFP-SC and determined the final version. Next, we collected questionnaire data from 1130 participants for confirmatory factor analysis to confirm factor structure and validate convergent validity. Results The results showed that the bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (bifactor-ESEM) could better reflect the potential structure of NFP-SC, which included one general factor of need for privacy and three specific factors which were the informational need for privacy, the psychological need for privacy, and the physical need for privacy. Based on the bifactor-ESEM model, the measurement invariance of NFP-SC was demonstrated across gender groups. The general factor and specific factor of NFP-SC showed good reliability with high McDonald's coefficient omega. Convergent validity was tested by verifying the relationship between NFP-SC and four covariates. Conclusions Our study results showed that NFP-SC exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties in the Chinese context, meaning that it could be applied for future studies on investigating need for privacy in Chinese populations. Future research could build panel data by gathering data from different periods, and supplement the test-retest reliability of NFP-S to improve its application effect.
How can physicians adopt AI-based applications in the United Arab Emirates to improve patient outcomes?
Authors: Mansour Tarek , Bick Markus 
Published: September 2024

Objective The enabling and derailing factors for using artificial intelligence (AI)-based applications to improve patient care in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from the physicians’ perspective are investigated. Factors to accelerate the adoption of AI-based applications in the UAE are identified to aid implementation. Methods A qualitative, inductive research methodology was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 12 physicians practicing in the UAE. The collected data were analyzed using NVIVO software and grounded theory was used for thematic analysis. Results This study identified factors specific to the deployment of AI to transform patient care in the UAE. First, physicians must control the applications and be fully trained and engaged in the testing phase. Second, healthcare systems need to be connected, and the AI outcomes need to be easily interpretable by physicians. Third, the reimbursement for AI-based applications should be settled by insurance or the government. Fourth, patients should be aware of and accept the technology before physicians use it to avoid negative consequences for the doctor–patient relationship. Conclusions This research was conducted with practicing physicians in the UAE to determine their understanding of enabling and derailing factors for improving patient care through AI-based applications. The importance of involving physicians as the accountable agents for AI tools is highlighted. Public awareness regarding AI in healthcare should be improved to drive public acceptance.
Maternal health applications: Qualitative findings of user needs
Authors: Babu Suhas , Park Nicolas , Woodland Gracie , Garcia Nydia , Page Walter , Page Robin 
Published: September 2024

Objective This study sought to understand the current experiences and subsequent needs of digital maternal health application users based on an interdisciplinary analysis of features currently available in the digital marketplace (including mobile applications and mobile-friendly websites). Methods Following secondary analysis of previously collected interview and focus group data, we used qualitative thematic analysis to observe recurring themes within current maternal health applications and prospective augmentation of related technology for future development. Results Study findings suggested tailored features would best serve the target population, and eleven unique themes comprising additions and improvements to maternal health applications emerged. These included seven major areas: improved mental health support, need for forums and support groups, lack of lactation and breastfeeding support, lack of quality food and nutrition access and product finders, minimal financial literacy information, tailored culturally competent information, and need for localized information and resources. Findings also suggested four main improvements for digital offerings in the current maternal health space: increased emphasis on resources available for postpartum care, importance of minimizing the number of hubs used, need for making information more digestible by ensuring it is written, edited, and provided at appropriate reading levels by more coordinated interaction of words and graphics, and ensuring the trust and credibility of such applications. Conclusions Maternal health applications are improving; however, more features can be added in a localized manner. Additional improvements could be made to current offerings, maximizing the utility of applications, especially in hard-to-reach areas such as maternity care deserts. With the advent of artificial intelligence, developers are poised with the ability to make platforms more focused and tailored for their users.
Construction, evaluation, and application of an electronic medical record corpus for cerebral palsy rehabilitation
Authors: Xiao Meirong , Pang Qiaofang , Zhu Yean , Shuai Lang , Jin Guoqiang 
Published: September 2024

Objective The electronic medical records (EMRs) corpus for cerebral palsy rehabilitation and its application in downstream tasks, such as named entity recognition (NER), requires further revision and testing to enhance its effectiveness and reliability. Methods We have devised an annotation principle and have developed an EMRs corpus for cerebral palsy rehabilitation. The introduction of test-retest reliability was employed for the first time to ensure consistency of each annotator. Additionally, we established a baseline NER model using the proposed EMRs corpus. The NER model leveraged Chinese clinical BERT and adversarial training as the embedding layer, and incorporated multi-head attention mechanism and rotary position embedding in the encoder layer. For multi-label decoding, we employed the span matrix of global pointer along with softmax and cross-entropy. Results The corpus consisted of 1405 EMRs, containing a total of 127,523 entities across six different entity types, with 24,424 unique entities after de-duplication. The inter-annotator agreement of two annotators was 97.57%, the intra-annotator agreement of each annotator exceeded 98%. Our proposed baseline NER model demonstrates impressive performance, achieving a F1-score of 93.59% for flat entities and 90.15% for nested entities in this corpus. Conclusions We believe that the proposed annotation principle, corpus, and baseline model are highly effective and hold great potential as tools for cerebral palsy rehabilitation scenarios.
Co-Utilization of HIV, Substance Use, Mental Health Services Among Women With Current Substance Use: Opportunities for Integrated Care?
Authors: Fujita Ayako W. , Ramakrishnan Aditi , Mehta C. Christina , Yusuf Oyindamola B. , Thompson Azure B. , Shoptaw Steven , Carrico Adam W. , Adimora Adaora A. , Eaton Ellen , Cohen Mardge H. , Jain Jennifer P. , Adedimeji Adebola , Plankey Michael , Jones Deborah L. , Chandran Aruna , Colasanti Jonathan A. , Sheth Anandi N. 
Published: September 2024

Background: The syndemic of HIV, substance use (SU), and mental illness has serious implications for HIV disease progression among women. We described co-utilization of HIV care, SU treatment, and mental health treatment among women with or at risk for HIV. Methods: We included data from women with or at risk for HIV (n = 2559) enrolled in all 10 sites of the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) from 2013 to 2020. Current SU was defined as self-reported, non-medical use of drugs in the past year, excluding use of only marijuana. Tobacco and alcohol were assessed separately. We described co-utilization of SU treatment, tobacco and alcohol use treatment, HIV care, and mental health care in the past year among women who were eligible for each service. We compared service utilization by those who did/did not utilize SU treatment using Wald Chi-square tests. Results: Among women with current SU (n = 358), 42% reported utilizing SU treatment. Among those with current SU+HIV (n = 224), 84% saw their HIV provider, and 34% saw a mental health provider. Among women with current SU+heavy alcohol use (n = 95), 18% utilized alcohol use treatment; among current SU+tobacco use (n = 276), 8% utilized tobacco use treatment. Women who utilized SU treatment had higher utilization of alcohol use treatment (59% vs. 5%; P < .001) and tobacco use treatment (12% vs. 5%; P = .028). HIV care engagement was high regardless of SU treatment. Conclusions: We found high engagement in SU and HIV care, but low engagement in alcohol and tobacco use treatment. Integrated SU treatment services for women, including tobacco/alcohol treatment and harm reduction, are needed to optimize treatment engagement and HIV care continuum outcomes.
“We Need to Know These Things”: Use Cases for Combined Social and Clinical Data Among Primary Care-Based Clinical and Social Care Providers
Authors: Cartier Yuri , Fichtenberg Caroline , Grounds Karis , Blumenfeld Nicole , Gottlieb Laura , Hessler Jones Danielle 
Published: September 2024

Introduction/Objectives: Primary care organizations are increasingly collecting data on patients’ social risks, bringing forth an unprecedented opportunity to present combined health and social data that clinical and social care providers could leverage to improve patient care and outcomes. Little is known, however, about how these data could be used and what combinations of specific data elements are most helpful. We explored how primary care staff who provide clinical or social care services view potential benefits of and use cases for combined patient-level clinical and social data. Methods: We conducted qualitative interviews or focus groups with 39 social and clinical care providers representing 6 healthcare organizations in San Diego County, California. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a deductive thematic analysis approach. Results: Overall, both clinical and social care providers noted the value of access to both types of data. Participants highlighted 3 benefits from integrating social and clinical data. The data could: (1) offer providers a more holistic view of patients’ circumstances; (2) strengthen their ability to tailor care to patients’ medical and social conditions concurrently; and (3) enhance coordination across care team members. Interviewees cited specific examples of ways social and clinical data could be paired to improve care. Conclusions: Social and clinical care providers alike envisioned multiple uses and benefits of accessing combined individual-level clinical and social data, highlighting the potential for practice and policy innovations to facilitate access and uptake of combined data. Future research should focus on ways to increase accessibility of cross-sector data and evaluate the impact of care informed by combined data on patient social and health outcomes.
The Child Opportunity Index and Outcomes After Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Yang Daniel , Orellana Kevin , Lee Julianna , Bram Joshua , Sarkar Sulagna , Renjilian Christopher B. , Ganley Theodore J. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Research at the intersection between social determinants of health (SDOH) and orthopaedics remains an area of active exploration, with recent literature demonstrating significant disparities in a wide array of orthopaedic outcomes in patients with different SDOH. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to use a validated composite measure of SDOH mapped to census tracts (Child Opportunity Index [COI]) to explore disparities in functional outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. It was hypothesized that patients with a lower COI score would have delayed surgical care and worse functional outcomes after ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Demographic, surgical, and functional outcomes data were extracted for all patients aged ≤18 years who underwent primary ACL reconstruction at our institution between 2009 and 2019. Strength deficits were calculated, and COI quintile scores were obtained. One-way analysis of variance, the chi-square test, and the Fisher exact test were used to compare variables of interest between the lower 2 quintiles (low group) and the upper 2 quintiles (high group). Results: Of the 1027 patients, 226 (22.0%) were in the low group, while 801 (78.0%) were in the high group. There was a significantly greater time from injury to surgery in the low group than in the high group (98.15 ± 102.65 vs 71.79 ± 101.88 days, respectively; P < .001). The low group had a significantly lower extension-flexion range of motion at 1- and 3-month follow-up ( P = .03 and P = .02, respectively) but no difference at 6-month follow-up ( P = .27). The low group attended fewer physical therapy visits than the high group (24.82 ± 10.55 vs 37.81 ± 18.07, respectively; P < .001). The low group had significant deficits in quadriceps strength at 3, 6, and 9 months at 180 deg/s ( P = .03, P < .001, and P = .01, respectively) and at 6 months at 300 deg/s ( P = .002). Conclusion: In this study, we found that the COI was associated with disparities in key clinical outcomes including time to surgery, postoperative range of motion, and postoperative strength.