bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root anatomical adaptations of contrasting ectomycorrhizal exploration types in Pinus sylvestris and Quercus petraea across soil horizons
Authors: Mucha Joanna , Zadworny Marcin , Bułaj Bartosz , Rutkowski Paweł , Szuba Agnieszka , Mąderek Ewa , Łakomy Piotr , Trocha Lidia Katarzyna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aims
The anatomical characteristics of ectomycorrhizal exploration types in response to soil variability remain insufficiently understood. We examined the root anatomy of contact and long-distance exploration types in Pinus sylvestris and Quercus petraea, species with distinct ecological needs, across different soil horizons.

Methods
The diameter of ectomycorrhizal roots, the root absorptive traits i.e. proportion of cortex and mantle area, the percentage stele in the diameter, and the weighted average diameter of vessels (Ra) in the ectomycorrhizas were measured within ectomycorrhizas collected from organic and mineral soils across the soil profile.

Results
The absorptive traits varied along soil horizons, in which water and nutrient availability changed inversely. The proportion of cortex was associated with exploration type, but was not specific to tree species. However, the ectomycorrhizal diameter and the percentage of mantle within the root forming contact exploration type of P. sylvestris showed no variation among soil horizons. In contrast, the soil horizon significantly influenced all root anatomical traits in the contact exploration type of Q. petraea by enhancing the contribution of the absorption area of the root area, mainly in the illuvial horizon, but reaching the smallest value in the organic horizon. The Ra and the cell wall thickness of the vessels were strongly dependent on tree species. With increasing soil depth, Ra in Q. petraea increased, and stele proportion in root diameter decreased.

Conclusion
The results suggest that water acquisition traits differ among tree species, but traits associated with nutrient absorption (proportion of cortex and mantle area) within specific soil horizons are closely related to the ectomycorrhizal exploration type.
Modeling the response of crop emergence to sowing depth and soil water deficit in direct-seeded rice
Authors: Kanno Noriko , Kumar Virender , Kato Yoichiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
Dry direct seeding of rice in the tropics often suffers from poor crop establishment owing to soil water deficit. A potential solution is sowing deeply to utilize residual soil moisture farther below the surface. We evaluated rice emergence under various sowing depths and soil moisture conditions and tested a model framework of it as a simultaneous function of sowing depth and soil moisture.

Methods
We combined data from three field experiments and one growth chamber experiment to collect emergence data for four rice cultivars (Dontokoi, Dular, Rc222 and Rc420). We independently parameterized the relationships between emergence and sowing depth or soil water tension using logistic functions. We expressed the final emergence as the product of the two functions.

Results
Emergence responses to sowing depth and soil moisture fitted the cultivar-specific logistic functions well. For Dular, a cultivar that tolerates deep sowing, emergence was greatest when sown at 4 to 5 cm below the surface under soil water deficit, versus 1 to 2 cm under wet conditions, and our combined model successfully reproduced this result.

Conclusion
Our emergence model framework supports adjustment of sowing depth to account for available soil water, making the model a powerful new tool for drought adaptation in direct-seeded rice.
Does performance pay increase the risk of marital instability?
Authors: Baktash Mehrzad B. , Heywood John S. , Jirjahn Uwe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study is the first to systematically examine the association between performance pay and marital instability. Using German survey data on married couples and including an extensive set of controls, we show that performance pay is associated with an increased probability of subsequent separation or divorce. Yet, the results are entirely gender specific. When husbands earn performance pay, no association with marital instability is found. When wives earn performance pay, the association is large and robust. This pattern persists across a variety of modeling choices and holds in instrumental variable estimations accounting for the endogeneity of performance pay. We argue that the pattern fits theoretical expectations and discuss the implications.
Auswirkung der Besonderheiten einer Organisation auf Change-Prozesse – die Integration interner Beratung am Beispiel von „ekiba 2032“ der Evangelischen Landeskirche in Baden
Authors: Breyer-Mayländer Thomas , Habann Frank , Wehrstein Oliver , Zerres Christopher 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungSinkende Mitgliederzahlen und knapper werdende finanzielle Ressourcen zwingen die Kirchen in Deutschland, ihre Organisationsstruktur und inhaltliche Ausrichtung zu überprüfen und zu verändern. Dieser Beitrag analysiert am Beispiel der Gemeindeberatung des Strategieprozesses „ekiba 2032“ der Evangelischen Landeskirche in Baden, wie ein organisatorischer und inhaltlicher Transformationsprozess unter Berücksichtigung der Besonderheiten einer Organisation mit internen Beratenden gestaltet werden kann.
Step-by-step: A clinical pathway for stepped care management of fear of cancer recurrence—results of a three-round online delphi consensus process with Australian health professionals and researchers
Authors: Smith Allan ‘Ben’ , Girgis Afaf , Taylor Natalie , Pearce Alison , Liu Jia , Shepherd Heather L. , Wu Verena S , Garvey Gail , Kirsten Laura , Zakhary Iman , Ee Carolyn , Ewald Daniel , Miller Annie , Shaw Joanne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is not routinely addressed in clinical practice, meaning many cancer survivors forego effective interventions. We established expert consensus on a clinical pathway to help health professionals identify and manage FCR in early-stage cancer survivors.

Methods
Australian health professionals and researchers working with adult cancer survivors participated in a three-round Delphi study promoted via oncology professional bodies and social media. The Round 1 online survey presented 38 items regarding FCR screening, triage, assessment, referral, and stepped care, based on a literature review, related pathways/guidelines, and expert input. Participants rated how representative of best-practice items were on a 5-point scale (strongly disagree–strongly agree), with optional qualitative feedback. Consensus was defined as ≥ 80% of participants strongly/agreeing with items. Items not reaching consensus were re-presented to Round 1 participants in two subsequent rounds with new items, derived from content analysis of qualitative feedback.

Results
From 94 participants in Round 1 (89% health professionals), 26/38 (68%) items reached consensus. By round 3, 35/38 (92%) items, including 8 new items, reached consensus. Routine FCR screening and triage conversations and stepped care management (i.e. tailored and staged treatment) were endorsed. However, the timing of FCR screening/triage did not reach consensus.

Conclusions
This world-first FCR clinical pathway incorporating contemporary evidence and expert opinion recommends routine screening and triage to stepped care management of FCR. Some pathway components, such as screening or triage timing, may need tailoring for different contexts.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Implementation of the pathway could aid routine identification and management of FCR, reducing its burden on cancer survivors and the healthcare system.
Cerebral Embolic Protection: Is There a Benefit for Left Atrial and Mitral Valve Procedures?
Authors: Besir Besir , Kapadia Samir R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review aims to highlight the current evidence on the use of cerebral embolic protection devices (CEPD) in left atrial and transcatheter mitral valve procedures. It also aims to summarize the antithrombotic management of patients undergoing such procedures.

Recent Findings
Ischemic stroke is one of the most devastating complications of structural heart procedures. The manifestation of periprocedural stroke can range from asymptomatic and detectable only through brain imaging to major stroke with neurological deficits. CEP devices were initially developed to mitigate the risk of stroke associated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, the efficacy of such devices during different cardiac interventions is yet to be fully demonstrated, especially in left atrial appendage closure (LAAO), and mitral valve interventions. Few studies demonstrated that the risk of periprocedural strokes after LAAO and mitral valve interventions is not negligible and is highest during the periprocedural period and then falls. The majority of patients undergoing those procedures have cerebral ischemic injuries detected on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). Moreover, a reasonable number of those patients had debris embolization on the filters of the CEPD. Pharmacological therapy with antithrombotic agents before, during, or after structural heart interventions is crucial and should be tailored to each patient’s risk of bleeding and ischemia. Close monitoring that includes a full neurological assessment and frequent follow-up visits with cardiac echocardiography are important.

Summary
The risk of periprocedural stroke in left atrial and transcatheter mitral valve procedures is not negligible. Pharmacological therapy with antithrombotic agents before, during, or after structural heart interventions is important to mitigate the risk of stroke, especially the long-term risk. More prospective studies are needed to assess the efficacy of CEPD in such procedures.
Historical insights, current challenges: tracking marine biodiversity in an urban harbor ecosystem in the face of climate change
Authors: Putnam Alysha B. , Endyke Sarah C. , Jones Ally R. , Lockwood Lucy A. D. , Taylor Justin , Albert Marc , Staudinger Michelle D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Boston Harbor Islands is the only coastal drumlin archipelago in the USA, featuring a distinctive and uncommon geological intertidal habitat known as mixed coarse substrate, which supports a range of coastal species and ecological processes. Recently designated as one of America’s 11 most endangered historic places due to climate change impacts, coastal adaptation and restoration efforts are crucial to their preservation. Such efforts can benefit from historic and current knowledge of endemic and emergent biodiversity. To investigate broad trends in coastal biodiversity, we compiled an inventory of marine coastal macroalgae, macroinvertebrates, fish, mammals, and shorebirds observed in the harbor since 1861. Records span 159 years, consisting of 451 unique taxa from 19 phyla. Analysis of average taxonomic distinctness (AvTD) revealed increases in diversity towards the end of the twentieth and early twenty-first century, likely associated with improved water quality (dissolved oxygen; AvTD > 85, p = 0.01) due to harbor restoration in the 1980s. Macroinvertebrates comprised 50% of the records, making this the most diverse taxonomic group in the time series. A significant increase of non-indigenous species, primarily macroinvertebrates and macroalgae, was observed over the last 20 years near human infrastructure and across multiple islands, a consequence of global change and characteristic of most urban harbors. The mixed coarse intertidal habitat, which makes up > 70% of Boston Harbor’s inner islands and supports high macroinvertebrate and macroalgal diversity (47% of species records), is not routinely monitored; our findings serve as a foundational resource for climate adaptation projects and decision-making.
A fix-propagate-repair heuristic for mixed integer programming
Authors: Salvagnin Domenico , Roberti Roberto , Fischetti Matteo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We describe a diving heuristic framework based on constraint propagation for mixed integer linear programs. The proposed approach is an extension of the common fix-and-propagate scheme, with the addition of solution repairing after each step. The repair logic is loosely based on the WalkSAT strategy for boolean satisfiability. Different strategies for variable ranking and value selection, as well as other options, yield different diving heuristics. The overall method is relatively inexpensive, as it is basically LP-free: the full linear programming relaxation is solved only at the beginning (and only for the ranking strategies that make use of it), while additional, typically much smaller, LPs are only used to compute values for the continuous variables (if any), once at the bottom of a dive. While individual strategies are not very robust in finding feasible solutions on a heterogeneous testbed, a portfolio approach proved quite effective. In particular, it could consistently find feasible solutions in 189 out of 240 instances from the public MIPLIB 2017 benchmark testbed, in a matter of a few seconds of runtime. The framework has also been implemented inside the commercial MIP solver Xpress and shown to give a small performance improvement in time to optimality on a large internal heterogeneous testbed.
Employment uncertainty and parenthood: quantifying the mediating role of union formation
Authors: Alderotti Giammarco , De Rose Alessandra , Tocchioni Valentina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aims to quantify the extent to which union formation mediates the relationship between employment uncertainty and the transition to parenthood, taking Italy as a case study. Research on the determinants of low fertility is increasingly shedding light on the negative effects of employment uncertainty. It is generally acknowledged that partnership formation plays a fundamental mediating role, as uncertain employment conditions may hamper the initial formation of a stable union, consequently affecting the likelihood of having a child. Nevertheless, it remains unknown how much of the (total) effect of employment uncertainty on fertility is indeed mediated by union formation. To perform the mediation analysis, we relied on the KHB (Karlson–Holm–Breen) method to accurately assess the effect of employment uncertainty on the transition to parenthood with and without controlling for union formation, i.e. the mediating variable. Results indicate that union formation mediates between 25 and 40% of the negative effect of employment uncertainty on the transition to parenthood, especially among men. Differences by cohort groups are evident, with the youngest cohorts being the most affected by such a mediation. We conclude that union formation is a key element in the relationship between employment uncertainty and fertility as it mediates a non-negligible share of the total effect of employment uncertainty on transition to parenthood.
Novel imaging and biophysical approaches to study tissue hydraulics in mammalian folliculogenesis
Authors: Turley Jake , Leong Kim Whye , Chan Chii Jou 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA key developmental stage in mammalian folliculogenesis is the formation of a fluid-filled lumen (antrum) prior to ovulation. While it has long been speculated that the follicular fluid is essential for oocyte maturation and ovulation, little is known about the morphogenesis and the mechanisms driving the antrum formation and ovulation, potentially due to challenges in imaging tissue dynamics in large tissues. Misregulation of such processes leads to anovulation, a hallmark of infertility in ageing and diseases such as the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this review, we discuss recent advances in deep tissue imaging techniques, machine learning and theoretical approaches that have been applied to study development and diseases. We propose that an integrative approach combining these techniques is essential for understanding the physics of hydraulics in follicle development and ovarian functions.
“Love the sin, hate the sinner”: Attitudes Towards Sexuality Among Mainline and Evangelical Protestants in the USA
Authors: Derbyshire Daniel W. , Bawden Max 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Attitudes towards gay and lesbian people and same-sex marriage remain a contentious issue within Evangelical Protestantism.

Methods
We use data from the Sexuality version of the Implicit Association Test from the Project Implicit website (n = 180,554) between 2006 and 2016. We investigate the attitudes of Atheists, Mainline Protestants and Evangelical Protestants towards gay and lesbian people and same-sex marriage.

Results
In an inversion of the typical mantra, Evangelical Protestant participants appear to “love the sin, hate the sinner,” with relatively high levels of approval for same-sex marriage combined with significant negative associations with gay and lesbian people. Further, we find significant differences between Mainline and Evangelical Protestants who are also gay, lesbian or bisexual compared to those who are heterosexual.

Conclusions
We discuss the cognitive dissonance between compassionate Christianity (“love thy neighbour”) and negative associations towards gay and lesbian people and the intersections of religious and sexual identities.
Policy Implications.
Results suggest that among Evangelical Protestants same-sex marriage is supported by a sizeable minority (40 + %). Efforts to improve attitudes towards same-sex marriage should focus on attempts to generate further improvements in attitudes among conservative Christians.
Cancer Care in Post-Roe America: How Do We Move Forward?
Authors: Smith Emily Ramonna , Sadler Georgia Robins 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn 2022, the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade in the case of Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization. This ruling ended all federal protections for abortion, consequently reshaping the American healthcare landscape. Two years later, the impacts of this ruling on cancer care remain largely undiscussed. This reflection summarizes a literature review exploring the effects of the Dobbs decision on cancer treatment access in America. Articles were identified using databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Westlaw Campus Research, Nexis Uni, Google Scholar, and JSTOR. Search terms included cancer, drugs, Methotrexate, access, treatment delays, Roe v. Wade, Dobbs, post-Roe, abortion, abortion-inducing, maternal health, reproductive rights, and limitations. Thirty eligible articles, published in English from 2001 to 2024, were reviewed in full text. The findings of this reflection article highlight the urgent need for the oncology community to understand the potential impact of these changes and work collectively to ensure the equal access to women's cancer care.
Fractional Sobolev type spaces of functions of two variables via Riemann-Liouville derivatives
Authors: Idczak Dariusz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe introduce and study the spaces of fractionally absolutely continuous functions of two variables of any order and the fractional Sobolev type spaces of functions of two variables. Our approach is based on the Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals and derivatives. We investigate relations between these spaces as well as between the Riemann-Liouville and weak derivatives.
Spacecraft to Spacecraft Absolute Tracking for Autonomous Navigation of a Distributed Space System from Relative Sensors
Authors: Greaves Jesse , Scheeres Daniel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNavigation for a distributed space system can be fully and autonomously provided by relative measurements between vehicles under non-linear dynamics, thereby removing any need for external observation. This paper derives the observability of a generic distributed system using relative measurements through an investigation of non-linear dynamical moments. The absolute state becomes observable due to second and higher dynamical moments that produce differential motion between vehicles, while the relative state observability is a function of the full system motion as traditionally expected. The results from observability analysis are leveraged to instantiate simulations which demonstrate observability for a distributed space system with relative optical measurements. The simulations assess uncertainty via a linearized covariance analysis in various settings including Keplerian, perturbed Keplerian, and cislunar dynamics. This navigation method excels when targets have highly differential motion and falters as the difference subsides. Therefore, highly perturbed environments with multiple targets generate the best results.
Experiences of Discrimination and Alcohol Involvement Among Young Adults at the Intersection of Race/Ethnicity and Gender
Authors: Lopez-Vergara Hector Ismael , Rozum William , Charvis Jodi M. Sutherland , Iacoi Sydney , Vergara-Lopez Chrystal , Stein L. A. R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough discrimination is an important social determinant of alcohol involvement, there is a dearth of research testing these associations across race/ethnicity and gender. This is an important research gap given that experiences of discrimination and therefore links with alcohol involvement may vary as a function race/ethnicity and gender intersectional identities. We tested for measurement invariance in discrimination and alcohol involvement and examined group differences in means and covariances. The sample consisted of n = 1187 young adults (ages 18–26; n = 193 Black women, n = 209 Latina women, n = 186 White women, n = 198 Black men, n = 203 Latino men, and n = 198 White men). We found evidence for differential item functioning for discrimination and alcohol involvement that violated assumptions needed to make manifest between-group comparisons. To model the source and degree of differential item functioning, we used partial measurement invariance and dropped a discrimination item that did not reliably overlap with the latent factor for White women. After accounting for differential item functioning, Black women and men reported the highest discrimination, followed by Latinx women and men, and then White women and men. White women reported the most alcohol involvement, followed by White men, Latina women, Latino men, Black men, and Black women. Discrimination and alcohol involvement were positively associated for all groups except White women, though effect sizes varied with Black men exhibiting the largest effect. An intersectionally valid understanding of discrimination and alcohol involvement may necessitate statistical approaches that can test for (and model) differential item functioning prior to making between-group quantitative comparisons.
Persistent and Resistant: Middle Class Advantage in Schooling
Authors: O’Neill John 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis commentary applies Martin Thrupp’s long-term research interest in the practices of persistent middleclass advantage to a discussion of parents’ apparent freedom to choose the State school their child attends, and the effects of this parental choice on educational equality. In a highly unequal society such as Aotearoa New Zealand, parents’ capabilities to act, consume, self-maximise and choose freely in the schooling marketplace are also highly unequal. The commentary then draws on Axel Honneth’s version of recognition theory to examine underlying assumptions among advantaged groups that effectively frame parental choice as: (i) natural (i.e. all parents promote their own children’s best interests); (ii) unobjectionable (i.e. parents can choose or decide not to as they wish); and (iii) harmless to others (i.e. parents’ schooling choices affect only their own children). This family or household view of best interests is contrasted with one that focuses on the collective schooling interests of the neighbourhood.