bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Region Correspondences Between Non‐Isometric Shapes
Authors: Ganapathi‐Subramanian V. , Thibert B. , Ovsjanikov M. , Guibas L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe consider the problem of finding meaningful correspondences between 3D models that are related but not necessarily very similar. When the shapes are quite different, a point‐to‐point map is not always appropriate, so our focus in this paper is a method to build a set of correspondences between shape regions or parts. The proposed approach exploits a variety of feature functions on the shapes and makes use of the key observation that points in matching parts have similar ranks in the sorting of the corresponding feature values. Our algorithm proceeds in two steps. We first build an affinity matrix between points on the two shapes, based on feature rank similarity over many feature functions. We then define a notion of stability of a pair of regions, with respect to this affinity matrix, obtained as a fixed point of a nonlinear operator. Our method yields a family of corresponding maximally stable regions between the two shapes that can be used to define shape parts. We observe that this is an instance of the biclustering problem and that it is related to solving a constrained maximal eigenvalue problem. We provide an algorithm to solve this problem that mimics the power method. We show the robustness of its output to noisy input features as well its convergence properties. The obtained part correspondences are shown to be almost perfect matches in the isometric case, and also semantically appropriate even in non‐isometric cases. We provide numerous examples and applications of this technique, for example to sharpening correspondences in traditional shape matching algorithms.
Non‐Rigid Puzzles
Authors: Litany O. , Rodolà E. , Bronstein A. M. , Bronstein M. M. , Cremers D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractShape correspondence is a fundamental problem in computer graphics and vision, with applications in various problems including animation, texture mapping, robotic vision, medical imaging, archaeology and many more. In settings where the shapes are allowed to undergo non‐rigid deformations and only partial views are available, the problem becomes very challenging. To this end, we present a non‐rigid multi‐part shape matching algorithm. We assume to be given a reference shape and its multiple parts undergoing a non‐rigid deformation. Each of these query parts can be additionally contaminated by clutter, may overlap with other parts, and there might be missing parts or redundant ones. Our method simultaneously solves for the segmentation of the reference model, and for a dense correspondence to (subsets of) the parts. Experimental results on synthetic as well as real scans demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in dealing with this challenging matching scenario.
Curve Reconstruction with Many Fewer Samples
Authors: Ohrhallinger S. , Mitchell S.A. , Wimmer M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe consider the problem of sampling points from a collection of smooth curves in the plane, such that the Crust family of proximity‐based reconstruction algorithms can rebuild the curves. Reconstruction requires a dense sampling of local features, i.e., parts of the curve that are close in Euclidean distance but far apart geodesically. We show that ε < 0.47‐sampling is sufficient for our proposed HNN‐Crust variant, improving upon the state‐of‐the‐art requirement of ε < ‐sampling. Thus we may reconstruct curves with many fewer samples. We also present a new sampling scheme that reduces the required density even further than ε < 0.47‐sampling. We achieve this by better controlling the spacing between geodesically consecutive points. Our novel sampling condition is based on the reach, the minimum local feature size along intervals between samples. This is mathematically closer to the reconstruction density requirements, particularly near sharp‐angled features. We prove lower and upper bounds on reach ρ‐sampling density in terms of lfs ε‐sampling and demonstrate that we typically reduce the required number of samples for reconstruction by more than half.
Disk Density Tuning of a Maximal Random Packing
Authors: Ebeida Mohamed S. , Rushdi Ahmad A. , Awad Muhammad A. , Mahmoud Ahmed H. , Yan Dong‐Ming , English Shawn A. , Owens John D. , Bajaj Chandrajit L. , Mitchell Scott A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe introduce an algorithmic framework for tuning the spatial density of disks in a maximal random packing, without changing the sizing function or radii of disks. Starting from any maximal random packing such as a Maximal Poisson‐disk Sampling (MPS), we iteratively relocate, inject (add), or eject (remove) disks, using a set of three successively more‐aggressive local operations. We may achieve a user‐defined density, either more dense or more sparse, almost up to the theoretical structured limits. The tuned samples are conflict‐free, retain coverage maximality, and, except in the extremes, retain the blue noise randomness properties of the input. We change the density of the packing one disk at a time, maintaining the minimum disk separation distance and the maximum domain coverage distance required of any maximal packing. These properties are local, and we can handle spatially‐varying sizing functions. Using fewer points to satisfy a sizing function improves the efficiency of some applications. We apply the framework to improve the quality of meshes, removing non‐obtuse angles; and to more accurately model fiber reinforced polymers for elastic and failure simulations.
Deep Learning for Robust Normal Estimation in Unstructured Point Clouds
Authors: Boulch Alexandre , Marlet Renaud 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNormal estimation in point clouds is a crucial first step for numerous algorithms, from surface reconstruction and scene understanding to rendering. A recurrent issue when estimating normals is to make appropriate decisions close to sharp features, not to smooth edges, or when the sampling density is not uniform, to prevent bias. Rather than resorting to manually‐designed geometric priors, we propose to learn how to make these decisions, using ground‐truth data made from synthetic scenes. For this, we project a discretized Hough space representing normal directions onto a structure amenable to deep learning. The resulting normal estimation method outperforms most of the time the state of the art regarding robustness to outliers, to noise and to point density variation, in the presence of sharp edges, while remaining fast, scaling up to millions of points.
Resolution of a concatenation/coalescence kerfuffle: partitioned coalescence support and a robust family‐level tree for Mammalia
Authors: Gatesy John , Meredith Robert W. , Janecka Jan E. , Simmons Mark P. , Murphy William J. , Springer Mark S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecent phylogenetic analyses of a large dataset for mammalian families (169 taxa, 26 loci) portray contrasting results. Supermatrix (concatenation) methods support a generally robust tree with only a few inconsistently resolved polytomies, whereasMP‐ESTcoalescence analysis of the same dataset yields a weakly supported tree that conflicts with many traditionally recognized clades. Here, we evaluate this discrepancy via improved coalescence analyses with reference to the rich history of phylogenetic studies on mammals. This integration clearly demonstrates that both supermatrix and coalescence analyses of just 26 loci yield a congruent, well‐supported phylogenetic hypothesis for Mammalia. Discrepancies between published studies are explained by implementation of overly simpleDNAsubstitution models, inadequate tree‐search routines and limitations of theMP‐ESTmethod. We develop a simple measure,partitioned coalescence support(PCS), which summarizes the distribution of support and conflict among gene trees for a given clade. Extremely highPCSscores for outlier gene trees at two nodes in the mammalian tree indicate a troubling bias in theMP‐ESTmethod. We conclude that in this age of phylogenomics, a solid understanding of systematics fundamentals, choice of valid methodology and a broad knowledge of a clade's taxonomic history are still required to yield coherent phylogenetic inferences.
Immunocytochemistry for Claudin‐18 and Maspin in biliary brushing cytology increases the accuracy of diagnosing pancreatobiliary malignancies
Authors: Tokumitsu T. , Sato Y. , Yamashita A. , Moriguchi‐Goto S. , Kondo K. , Nanashima A. , Asada Y. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveBiliary brush cytology is an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of pancreatobiliary malignancies. However, it is difficult to distinguish between malignant and benign cells. The present study evaluated the utility of immunocytochemical expression of Claudin‐18 and Maspin in brushing cytology specimens of pancreatobiliary lesions in the diagnosis of pancreatobiliary malignancies.MethodsThe study retrospectively assessed biliary and pancreatic duct brushing cytology specimens of 43 patients whose pancreatobiliary lesions were histologically diagnosed at the University of Miyazaki Hospital. Scanty cellularity slides and cases with no histological confirmation were excluded. Alcohol‐fixed and Papanicolaou‐stained slides were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies to Claudin‐18 and Maspin.ResultsOf the 43 patients, 35 (81.4%) were finally histologically diagnosed with invasive adenocarcinomas. The sensitivity of routine cytology for the detection of malignancy was 63%, and the specificity was 100%. The sensitivity of cytology in combination with immunocytochemical expression of Claudin‐18 (89%) or Claudin‐18 and/or Maspin (97%) was significantly higher than that of cytology alone (P < 0.01).ConclusionImmunocytochemical staining for Claudin‐18 and Maspin improved the diagnostic sensitivity for pancreatobiliary adenocarcinomas.
The Enemy as a Patient: What can be Learned from the Emotional Experience of Physicians and Why does it Matter Ethically?
Authors: Rubinstein Gil , Bentwich Miriam Ethel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis qualitative research examines the influence of animosity on physicians during clinical encounters and its ethical implications. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with ten Israeli‐Jewish physicians: four treated Syrians and six treated Palestinian terrorists/Hezbollah militants or Palestinian civilians. An interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to uncover main themes in these interviews. Whereas the majority of physicians stated they are obligated to treat any patient, physicians who treated Syrians exhibited stronger emotional expression and implicit empathy, while less referring to the presence of the Israeli‐Arab conflict. In contrast, physicians who treated enemy combatants or Palestinian civilians showed the exact opposite. Linking these results to the “Implicit Bias” theory, the role of empathy and the beneficence principle in medical ethics, we argue that: (a) the unconscious decreased emotional involvement among the latter group of physicians is a deficiency that needs to be recognized; and (b) this deficiency undermines the principle of beneficence, thereby possibly influencing the fulfillment of the commitment to treat patients. Acknowledging and addressing the potential emotional and ethical deficiencies entailed in encounters with the so‐called enemy‐patients are of importance to the global medical community, since such encounters are increasingly an integral part of the current political realities faced by both the developed and developing worlds.
Exenatide once weekly improved 24‐hour glucose control and reduced glycaemic variability in metformin‐treated participants with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Frías Juan P. , Nakhle Samer , Ruggles James A. , Zhuplatov Sergey , Klein Eric , Zhou Rong , Strange Poul 
Published: August 2016

AimTo assess the effects of once‐weekly exenatide on 24‐hour glucose control and variability.Materials and methodsThis double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial randomized metformin‐treated adults with type 2 diabetes to once‐weekly exenatide 2.0 mg or placebo. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was performed at baseline and weeks 4 and 10. The primary outcome was change in CGM‐measured 24‐hour mean glucose level.ResultsIn the once‐weekly exenatide (n = 60) and placebo (n = 56) groups (modified intention‐to‐treat population), the baseline glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations were 8.2% and 8.0%, respectively, and the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration was 9.86 and 9.32 mmol/L, respectively. Once‐weekly exenatide significantly (p < 0.001) reduced 24‐hour mean glucose level versus placebo (week 4, −1.44 vs −0.29 mmol/L; week 10, −1.71 vs −0.17 mmol/L), with consistent control throughout the week. Once‐weekly exenatide significantly reduced FPG and 2‐hour postprandial glucose (PPG) levels versus placebo at week 4 (FPG, −1.65 vs −0.11 mmol/L; PPG, −1.79 vs −0.11 mmol/L) and week 10 (FPG, −2.32 vs −0.28 mmol/L; PPG, −2.46 vs −0.33 mmol/L). At week 10, once‐weekly exenatide reduced the mean amplitude of glucose excursions (MAGE; −0.84 vs 0.16 mmol/L) and standard deviation (s.d.) of mean glucose (−0.35 vs 0.04 mmol/L). By week 10, once‐weekly exenatide‐treated participants spent more time in euglycaemia (once‐weekly exenatide, 77% vs placebo, 58%), less time in hyperglycaemia (22% vs 42%), and a similar time in hypoglycaemia (0.7% vs 0.3%). Common adverse events were injection‐site nodule (once‐weekly exenatide, 10.0% vs placebo, 0.0%), urinary tract infection (6.7% vs 8.9%) and nausea (6.7% vs 0.0%).ConclusionsIn metformin‐treated participants with type 2 diabetes, once‐weekly exenatide significantly improved daily glucose control and reduced glycaemic variability at weeks 4 and 10, as shown by reductions in 24‐hour glucose, FPG and PPG levels, MAGE and s.d., and increased time spent in euglycaemia.
Perioperative echocardiography‐derived right ventricle function parameters and early outcomes after tetralogy of Fallot repair in mid‐childhood: a single‐center, prospective observational study
Authors: Raj Ravi , Puri Goverdhan Dutt , Jayant Aveek , Thingnam Shyam Kumar Singh , Singh Rana Sandip , Rohit Manoj Kumar 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundRight ventricular (RV) function alterations are invariably present in all patients after tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair. Unlike the developed world where most of the patients with TOF are corrected in infancy, average age of presentation and thus surgery for these patients in the developing world may be higher. We aimed to study the correlation between RV function parameters such as tricuspid annular peak systolic excursion (TAPSE), fractional area change (FAC), and tricuspid annular peak systolic velocity (S’) with early outcome variables after intracardiac repair for TOF.Materials and MethodsFifty patients with a preoperative diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot scheduled for corrective surgery were included in this single‐center, prospective observational study. A preoperative transthoracic echocardiogram was performed to measure RV function parameters (FAC0, TAPSE0, S'0). Transthoracic echocardiography was repeated postoperatively to measure FAC1, TAPSE1, S'1 (day 1) and FAC2, TAPSE2, and S'2 (day 3). The relationship between preoperative and postoperative RV function parameters with in‐hospital mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, and intensive care unit stay was studied.ResultsThe median age of patients was 6 years (range 1–14 years). Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis showed RV FAC as best predictor of clinical outcome. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for postoperative RV function parameters, that is, FAC, TAPSE, and S’ to predict early or delayed recovery was 0.944, 0.875, and 0.655, respectively.ConclusionsAmong the RV function parameters studied, RV FAC best predicted the early outcome variables after TOF repair, followed by TAPSE while lateral tricuspid annular velocity S’ being the least predictive.
Nutrient patterns and their relationship to metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults
Authors: Khayyatzadeh Sayyed Saeid , Moohebati Mohsen , Mazidi Mohsen , Avan Amir , Tayefi Maryam , Parizadeh Seyed Mohammad Reza , Ebrahimi Mahmoud , Heidari‐Bakavoli Alireza , Azarpazhooh Mahmoud Reza , Esmaily Habibollah , Ferns Gordon A. , Nematy Mohsen , Safarian Mohammad , Ghayour‐mobarhan Majid 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing globally. It is associated with a significant risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.Materials and methodsThe relationship between adherence to several different dietary patterns and the presence of MetS was explored in an Iranian population sample of 5764 subjects.ResultsWe observed that the prevalence of MetS was 13% and 18% in men and women, respectively. There were three main dietary patterns: the first pattern was characterized by protein, carbohydrate, starch, glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, dietary fibre, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, manganese, thiamine, riboflavin, carotene, vitamin c and lactose; second representative of fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, calcium, zinc, phosphorus, iodine, vitamin D, chloride, betaine, niacin; third consisting of copper, selenium, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B12. In this dietary pattern, individuals in first quintile had a higher consumption of total fat, saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, cholesterol and vitamin A. In the second pattern, individuals in the fifth quintile ate less carbohydrate, dietary fibre, glucose, Fructose, potassium compared to first quintile. We found that individuals in the first quintile in pattern 3 had higher intakes of protein, zinc and calcium compared to other quintiles.ConclusionsWe have found that a nutrient pattern which mostly characterized by dietary protein, carbohydrate, starch, glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose was associated with a higher risk of MetS in both genders, while a pattern which was represent of copper, selenium, Vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B12 was associated with greater odds of Mets, in women.
Controversies on the prognostic value of interim FDG‐PET in advanced‐stage Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Adams Hugo J. A. , Kwee Thomas C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHodgkin lymphoma, even in advanced‐stage, is a highly curable malignancy, but treatment is associated with short‐term toxicity and long‐term side effects. Early predictive markers are required to identify those patients who do not require the full‐length standard therapy (and thus qualify for therapy de‐escalation) and those patients who will not be cured by standard therapy (and thus qualify for therapy escalation). Multiple trials have assessed the value of 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) after a few cycles of chemotherapy (also known as ‘interim FDG‐PET’) in predicting outcome in advanced‐stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Furthermore, multiple interim FDG‐PET‐adapted trials, in which patients with positive interim FDG‐PET scans are assigned to escalated therapies, and patients with negative interim FDG‐PET scans are assigned to de‐escalated therapies, have recently been published or are currently ongoing, with generally heterogeneous results. The present article reports the currently available evidence (and controversies) on the prognostic value of interim FDG‐PET in advanced‐stage Hodgkin lymphoma in patients with positive and negative interim FDG‐PET findings following continuation of standard chemotherapy or escalated/de‐escalated therapy.
Switching between two targets with non‐constant velocity profiles reveals shared internal model of target motion
Authors: Hainque E. , Apartis E. , Daye P. M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSeveral experiments have shown that smooth pursuit and saccades interact while tracking an object moving across the visual scene. It was proposed two decades ago that the amplitude of saccades triggered during smooth pursuit (‘catch‐up saccades’) were corrected by a delayed sensory signal to account for the ongoing target displacement during catch‐up saccades. However, recent studies used targets with non‐constant velocity profiles and suggested that the correction of catch‐up saccade amplitude must be done through an internal model of target motion. It is widely accepted that an internal model of target motion is also used by the central nervous system (CNS) to cancel inherent delays between visual input and smooth pursuit motor output, ensuring accurate tracking of moving targets. Our study proposes a new paradigm in which the target switches unexpectedly from one target with a non‐constant periodic velocity profile to another with a non‐constant aperiodic velocity profile. Our results confirm the hypothesis that the CNS uses an internal model of target motion to correct catch‐up saccade amplitude. In addition, we reconcile the sensory delayed and the internal model of target motion hypotheses and show that a common internal model of target motion is shared within the CNS to control smooth pursuit and to correct catch‐up saccade amplitude.
Differences in spatial and temporal frequency interactions between central and peripheral parts of the feline area 18
Authors: Zhao Chunzhen , Hata Ryosuke , Okamura Jun‐ya , Wang Gang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe visual system demonstrates significant differences in information processing abilities between the central and peripheral parts of the visual field. Optical imaging based on intrinsic signals was used to investigate the difference in stimulus spatial and temporal frequency interactions related to receptive field eccentricity in the cat area 18. Changing either the spatial or the temporal frequency of grating stimuli had a significant impact on responses in the cortical areas corresponding to the centre of the visual field and more peripheral parts at 10 degrees eccentricity. The cortical region corresponding to the centre of the gaze was tuned to 0.4 cycles per degree (c/deg) for spatial frequency and 2 Hz for temporal frequency. In contrast, the cortical region corresponding to the periphery of the visual field was tuned to a lower spatial frequency of 0.15 c/deg and a higher temporal frequency of 4 Hz. Interestingly, when we simultaneously changed both the spatial frequency and the temporal frequency of the grating stimuli, the responses were significantly different from those estimated with an assumption of independence between the spatial and temporal frequency in the cortical region corresponding to the periphery of the visual field. However, in the cortical area corresponding to the centre of the gaze, spatial frequency showed significant independence from temporal frequency. These properties support the notion of relative specialization of visual information processing for peripheral representations in cortical areas.