bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on statistical methods used in six journals of library and information science
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zhao Yuehua , Wang Yanyan 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– Quantitative methods, especially statistical methods, play an increasingly important role in research of library and information science (LIS). For different journals, the uses of statistical methods vary substantially due to different journal scopes and aims. The purpose of this paper is to explore the characteristics of statistical methodology uses in six major scholarly journals in LIS.Design/methodology/approach– Research papers that used statistical methods from the six major journals were selected and investigated. Content analysis method, descriptive statistical analysis method, and temporal analysis method were used to compare and analyze statistical method uses in research papers of the investigated journals.Findings– The findings of this study show that there was a clear growth trend of statistical method uses in five of the investigated journals; statistical methods were used most inThe Journal of the Association for Information Science and TechnologyandInformation Processing & Management; and the top three most frequently used statistical methods weret-test, ANOVA test, andχ2-test.Originality/value– The findings can be used to better understand the application areas, patterns, and trends of statistical methods among the investigated journals and their statistical methodology orientations in research studies of LIS.
Connected communities? LGB older people and their risk of exclusion from decent housing and neighbourhoods
Authors: Kneale Dylan 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the way in which the housing and neighbourhood accessibility and neighbourhood connectedness of older lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people aged 50 and over, differ compared to non-LGB older people.Design/methodology/approach– This paper utilises data collected as part of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing as well as theories around social exclusion to explore these issues, using information from 5,442 survey respondents including 260 identified as LGB.Findings– Little evidence is uncovered of a link between being LGB and experiencing exclusion from decent housing, public transport or neighbourhood amenities. Significant differences were uncovered in levels of home ownership and the numbers who reported having seen a friend the previous day, the likelihood of which were both lower for LGB people compared to non-LGB people.Research limitations/implications– All analyses are subject to caveats around the size of the sample and the method of identifying LGB older people. The findings could suggest older LGB people may be less likely to have property wealth from which to draw down in retirement. Furthermore, the findings on older LGB people being less likely to have seen a friend the previous day, may suggest a need for more opportunities to be made available for LGB people to maintain their social networks closer to home to offset the risk of social isolation.Originality/value– This is one of the first studies to examine how the housing and neighbourhood accessibility and connectedness patterns of older LGB people differ from non-LGB people in the UK.
Mobility changes during the first years of retirement
Authors: Berg Jessica 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– Mobility is an important aspect of well-being, activity and participation. Retiring from paid work is a transition in later life when people need to adjust to a new daily structure and fill the day with activities other than work. Life-course transitions influence demands for mobility and choice of travel mode as people adapt to new circumstances and learning processes. The purpose of this paper is to explore how mobility strategies develop during the first years of retirement.

Design/methodology/approach
– A qualitative analysis based on initial interviews with a total of 27 retired people during their first year of retirement and again, about three years later.

Findings
– Important changes during the first years of retirement included illness or a decline in physical health. Mobility had become a means of achieving certain goals after an illness, such as learning to walk, being able to drive or enjoying the time that was left. While some enjoyed not having commitments, others experienced difficulties in filling the day. The results indicate four dimensions of mobility: means of carrying out activities which are needed and desired; resources for creating activities; a leisure activity in itself; and subordinate to staying at home.

Originality/value
– Gives a deeper understanding of the mobility challenges people ultimately face in later life, and how these are managed, which is important for transport planning and public health policy aimed at improving mobility, activity participation and well-being in later life.
Genetically Similar Isolates ofSalmonella entericaSerotype Enteritidis Persistent in China for a Long‐Term Period
Authors: Song Qifa , Shen Xuanyi , Yang Yuanbin , Zhang Danyang , Gao Hong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSalmonella entericaserotype Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is an important causative agent of nontyphoidal salmonellosis in human populations. In this study, we collected 72S. Enteritidis strains from 2004 to 2014 in Ningbo, mid‐east China. Of the 72 strains, we identified a dominant clone of 58 strains recovered from patient's feces (n= 48), blood (n= 1), pleural effusion (n= 1), chickens (n= 3), and dessert cakes (n= 5) by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and variable‐number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). The profile arrangements of MLVA were SE1‐SE2‐SE3‐SE5‐SE6‐SE8‐SE9: 4‐4‐3‐11‐10‐1‐3. These dominant strains were susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, and resistant to nalidixic acid. Additionally, all isolates harboured virulence genesinvA,sipA,sopE, andspvBwhen tested by PCR. Our results reveal that genetically similarS. Enteritidis strains which accounted for several outbreaks as well as blood infection and pleural cavity infection are prevalent in China for a long‐term period. This situation calls for further attention in the prevention and control of foodborne disease caused bySalmonellaspecies.
Incidence rate of female breast cancer in urban Shijiazhuang in 2012 and modifiable risk factors
Authors: Wen Denggui , He Yutong , Wei Lizhen , Zhang Nan , Li Shumei , Wen Xiaoduo , Yang Yi , Wang Guiying , Wang Shijie , Geng Cuizhi , Liu Yunjiang , Shan Baoen 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundBreast cancer is diagnosed more frequently among urban than rural women in China; however, the incidence among women in Shijiazhuang is unknown.MethodsAs registered Chinese citizens are entitled to complete public medical insurance coverage, the incidence rate was estimated using reimbursement records of first hospitalization.ResultsBreast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Shijiazhuang. The crude rate and age‐standardized incidence rates by China (ASRC) and world (ASRW) standards were 59.6, 48.5 and 45.5/100 000 in 2012. Mean age at diagnosis was 55.1 years. Incidence increased with age, peaking at 165.1 at 70–74. In comparison with urban women in other Chinese cities, incidence in Shijiazhuang was similar to Shanghai (ASRC 46.6) and Suzhou (ASRW 45). When compared with 31 other Chinese cities, Shijiazhuang ranked second highest behind Guangzhou (ASRW 46.6), and the ASRW correlated significantly with gross domestic product per capita among the 32 cities. The breast cancer ASRW in Shijiazhuang was 2.7 times the rate of 41 rural Chinese counties (17). When compared with GLOBOCAN 2012 data according to the Human Development Index, breast cancer incidence in Shijiazhuang matched countries with a high human development index (ASRW 45.2).ConclusionBreast cancer incidence in Shijiazhuang in 2012 was the highest in China, matching the rate in countries with high social economic development. This rate may continue to rise, parallel with urbanization, and may be associated with changing reproductive patterns and Westernization. Prevention methods need to be incorporated.
Relationship between oxygen saturation of the retinal vessels and visual field defect in glaucoma patients: comparison with each hemifield
Authors: Shimazaki Takeru , Hirooka Kazuyuki , Nakano Yuki , Nitta Eri , Ukegawa Kaori , Sato Shino , Tsujikawa Akitaka 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to elucidate the relationship between visual field defects in the upper and lower hemifields and the corresponding oxygen saturation of the retinal vessels in patients with glaucoma.MethodsPatients with glaucoma (n = 44) exhibiting more than a 10 dB difference between the upper and lower total deviation (TD) were enrolled in the study. After measuring the retinal vessel oxygen saturation by a non‐invasive spectrophotometric retinal oximeter, the hemifields in one eye of each patient were divided into worse (worse TD) and better (better TD) hemifield areas. We additionally evaluated a separate group of 40 patients with glaucoma who exhibited less than a 5 dB difference between the upper and lower TD. Statistical analysis was performed using a Student's t‐test.ResultsA higher mean venous saturation of oxygen (SaO2) was observed in the worse (59.0 ± 8.0%) hemifield compared to the better (55.4 ± 7.2%) hemifield (p < 0.01). The mean arteriovenous difference in the SaO2 was lower in the worse (44.4 ± 9.0%) hemifield compared to the better (48.6 ± 11.4%) hemifield (p = 0.02). However, when we evaluated the worse and better hemifields in the patients who had less than a 5 dB difference in the upper and lower hemifield TD, we found no statistically significant differences for either the retinal SaO2 in the venous vessels or the arteriovenous difference.ConclusionsAdvanced glaucomatous visual field defects were associated with increased SaO2 in the venous vessels and a decreased arteriovenous difference in the SaO2. The present results suggest there is a reduced retinal oxygen extraction in eyes with glaucomatous damage due to retinal ganglion cell loss.
RGTA in corneal wound healing after transepithelial laser ablation in a rabbit model: a randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Xeroudaki Maria , Peebo Beatrice , Germundsson Johan , Fagerholm Per , Lagali Neil 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of the agent RGTA for epithelial, stromal and nerve regeneration after laser‐induced corneal wounding in rabbits.MethodsAfter excimer laser wounding of the anterior cornea in 25 New Zealand white rabbits, topical RGTA or placebo was applied in a randomized, masked manner. Fluorescein epithelial staining was performed on the first 5 postoperative days. In vivo confocal microscopy of corneal subbasal nerves and stroma was performed preoperatively and on week 2, 4, 8 and 16. At 16 weeks, corneas were stained for beta‐III tubulin expression.ResultsPostoperatively, all epithelia had closed by at least 90% after the third postoperative day. No significant difference in epithelial wound size was found between RGTA and placebo‐treated groups, and RGTA did not hinder fluorescein binding. After epithelial wound closure, corneas remained transparent to 16 weeks. By confocal microscopy, subclinical stromal haze was significantly deeper in placebo‐treated eyes (mean depth 60 μm) relative to RGTA group (52 μm), p = 0.02. Regenerating beta‐III tubulin‐positive subbasal nerves were observed in all corneas, but partial masking by haze rendered quantitative analysis unreliable.ConclusionsRGTA restored stromal microarchitecture and reduced subclinical haze relative to placebo. The mild epithelial wound quickly healed regardless of treatment suggesting an optimal natural healing process in freshly wounded healthy corneas, and indicating that RGTA may be more suitable for healing of chronic or more aggressive wounds. Limitations of the rabbit model for nerve quantification in the presence of haze should also be recognized.
De Ritis ratio (aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase ratio) as a significant prognostic factor after surgical treatment in patients with clear‐cell localized renal cell carcinoma: a propensity score‐matched study
Authors: Lee Hakmin , Lee Sang Eun , Byun Seok‐Soo , Kim Hyeon Hoe , Kwak Cheol , Hong Sung Kyu 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations of preoperative De Ritis ratio (aspartate transaminase [AST]/alanine transaminase [ALT]) with postoperative clinical outcomes after surgical treatment of localized RCC.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data from 2 965 patients surgically treated for non‐metastatic RCC. Propensity scores for high AST/ALT ratio were calculated and 430 patients with a high AST/ALT ratio were matched to 1 117 patients with a low AST/ALT ratio. The association between AST/ALT ratio and postoperative outcomes was tested. Multivariate Cox analyses were performed to identify the independent predictors of progression‐free (PFS), overall (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS).ResultsAccording to the receiver‐operating curve of AST/ALT for cancer‐specific mortality, we stratified the patients into two groups using a threshold of 1.5. Before matching, patients with a high AST/ALT ratio had worse PFS, OS and CSS (all P < 0.001). In the propensity score‐matched cohort with 1 547 patients, patients with a high AST/ALT ratio had inferior PFS, OS and CSS outcomes (all P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that a high AST/ALT ratio was an independent predictor of disease progression (hazard ratio [HR] 1.372, 95% CI 1.003–1.882; P = 0.048), overall mortality (HR 1.559, 95% CI 1.069–2.272; P = 0.021), and cancer‐specific mortality (HR 1.974, 95% CI 1.250–3.118; P = 0.004). In a subgroup analysis according to tumour histology, high AST/ALT had a significant association with postoperative survival in clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but not in non‐clear‐cell RCC.ConclusionAn elevated AST/ALT ratio was significantly associated with worse postoperative survival in patients surgically treated for localized clear‐cell RCC. Further prospective studies are needed to understand the prognostic value of preoperative AST/ALT ratio.
Can a decline in search cost increase prices?
Authors: Gilgenbach Ruth G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper provides a new explanation of why a decline in consumers’ price search cost may not lead to lower prices. In a duopoly with price competition, I show that when some consumers are captive to one firm, there may be a non‐monotonic relationship between search cost and market power; firms may charge high prices with higher probability and the average price charged may be higher when consumers’ price search cost falls below a critical level. Furthermore, when firms have asymmetric captive segments, expected prices charged by each firm may move in opposite directions as search cost declines.
Identification of technology shocks using misspecified VARs
Authors: Demirel Ufuk Devrim 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStudies that evaluate the effects of technology shocks often employ structural VARs identified with long‐run restrictions. In the presence of a mismatch between the lag structures of the true data‐generating process and the adopted VAR, estimates based on long‐run restrictions can be biased. This paper offers a method that can reduce this bias substantially. Using artificial data, I assess the performance of the proposed method and find that it can outperform a range of alternative procedures. Applying the procedure to the US data, I find that per‐capita hours exhibit a positive hump‐shaped response profile in response to a technology shock.
A model of firm heterogeneity in factor intensities and international trade
Authors: Emami Namini Julian , Facchini Giovanni , López Ricardo A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEmpirical evidence suggests that exporters are, in addition to being more productive, significantly more skilled‐labour intensive than non‐exporters. In a setting that captures both these features, we show that the firm selection induced by trade liberalization works along two dimensions. First, export growth increases competition for skilled labour. This leads to the exit of some of the skilled‐labour intensive firms, while benefitting unskilled‐labour intensive ones. Second, within the group of firms with the same factor intensities, the reallocation of factors is towards the exporters. We show that the increased competition for skilled labour dampens the positive effect of trade liberalization on sector‐wide TFP and real income.
Identifying fiscal policy (in)effectiveness from the differential counter‐cyclicality of government spending in the interwar period
Authors: Martineau Nicolas‐Guillaume , Smith Gregor W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDifferences across decades in the counter‐cyclical stance of fiscal policy can identify whether the growth in government spending affects output growth and so speeds recovery from a recession. We study government‐spending reaction functions from the 1920s and 1930s for twenty countries. There are two main findings. First, surprisingly, government spending was less counter‐cyclical in the 1930s than in the 1920s. Second, the growth of government spending did not have a significant effect on output growth, so that there is little evidence that this feature of fiscal policy played a stabilizing role in the interwar period.
Per capita income and the extensive margin of bilateral trade
Authors: Hepenstrick Christian , Tarasov Alexander 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper quantitatively explores the role of demand in explaining the positive correlation between an importer's per capita income and the extensive margin of bilateral trade. The theoretical mechanism is based on agents that increase the set of goods they consume with income. This affects the structure of a country's import demand and therewith the extensive margin of trade. We formalize this intuition by incorporating preferences that allow for binding non‐negativity constraints into an otherwise standard Ricardian multi‐country model. We quantify the model and find that the behaviour of the model's extensive margin of trade is consistent with the data.
Trade, tasks and training: The effect of offshoring on individual skill upgrading
Authors: Hogrefe Jan , Wrona Jens 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe offer a theoretical explanation and empirical evidence for a positive link between increased offshoring and individual skill upgrading. Skill upgrading takes the form of on‐the‐job training, complementing the existing literature, which mainly focuses on the retraining of displaced workers. To establish a link between offshoring and on‐the‐job training, we introduce an individual skill upgrading margin into the Grossman and Rossi‐Hansberg model of offshoring. By scaling up worker's wages, offshoring creates previously unexploited skill upgrading possibilities, which lead to more training. Using data from German manufacturing, we establish a causal link between industry‐level offshoring growth and increased individual skill upgrading.
Computing, the bootstrap and economics
Authors: Davidson Russell 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA major contention in this paper is that scientific models can be viewed as virtual realities, implemented, or rendered, by mathematical equations or by computer simulations. Their purpose is to help us understand the external reality that they model. In economics, particularly in econometrics, models make use of random elements, so as to provide quantitatively for phenomena that we cannot or do not wish to model explicitly. By varying the realizations of the random elements in a simulation, it is possible to study counterfactual outcomes, which are necessary for any discussion of causality. The bootstrap is virtual reality within an outer reality. The principle of the bootstrap is that, if its virtual reality mimics as closely as possible the reality that contains it, it can be used to study aspects of that outer reality. The idea of bootstrap iteration is explored, and a discrete model discussed that allows investigators to perform iteration to any desired level.
Chasing after “good jobs.” Do they exist and does it matter if they do?
Authors: Green David A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMost people believe that there are such things as good jobs—jobs that a worker would consider herself lucky to get. But for economists, the existence of good jobs is debatable. In this paper, I provide a definition of a good job based on various theories of the labour market: a job that involves a surplus captured partly by the worker. I use that definition to guide an empirical investigation of the existence and importance of good jobs. I conclude that good jobs do exist—that the labour market does not just function according to a Roy model with wage differentials reflecting only skill differentials, compensating differentials or bond posting—and that their impact on the overall wage structure is substantial. Finally, I discuss the implications of the existence of good jobs for policy setting and for assessments of the justice of a society.
Whisker experience‐dependent mGluR signaling maintains synaptic strength in the mouse adolescent cortex
Authors: Kubota Jun , Mikami Yoshinori , Kanemaru Kazunori , Sekiya Hiroshi , Okubo Yohei , Iino Masamitsu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSensory experience‐dependent plasticity in the somatosensory cortex is a fundamental mechanism of adaptation to the changing environment not only early in the development but also in adolescence and adulthood. Although the mechanisms underlying experience‐dependent plasticity during early development have been well documented, the corresponding understanding in the mature cortex is less complete. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying whisker deprivation‐induced synaptic plasticity in the barrel cortex in adolescent mice. Layer 4 (L4) to L2/3 excitatory synapses play a crucial role for whisker experience‐dependent plasticity in rodent barrel cortex and whisker deprivation is known to depress synaptic strength at L4–L2/3 synapses in adolescent and adult animals. We found that whisker deprivation for 5 days or longer decreased the presynaptic glutamate release probability at L4–L2/3 synapses in the barrel cortex in adolescent mice. This whisker deprivation‐induced depression was restored by daily administration of a positive allosteric modulator of the type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5). On the other hand, the administration of mGluR5 antagonists reproduced the effect of whisker deprivation in whisker‐intact mice. Furthermore, chronic and selective suppression of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3) signaling in postsynaptic L2/3 neurons decreased the presynaptic release probability at L4–L2/3 synapses. These findings represent a previously unidentified mechanism of cortical plasticity, namely that whisker experience‐dependent mGluR5‐IP3 signaling in the postsynaptic neurons maintains presynaptic function in the adolescent barrel cortex.
Primer Part 1—The building blocks of epilepsy genetics
Authors: Helbig Ingo , Heinzen Erin L. , Mefford Heather C. ,   the ILAE Genetics Commission
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis is the first of a two‐part primer on the genetics of the epilepsies within the Genetic Literacy Series of the Genetics Commission of the International League Against Epilepsy. In Part 1, we cover the foundations of epilepsy genetics including genetic epidemiology and the range of genetic variants that can affect the risk for developing epilepsy. We discuss various epidemiologic study designs that have been applied to the genetics of the epilepsies including population studies, which provide compelling evidence for a strong genetic contribution in many epilepsies. We discuss genetic risk factors varying in size, frequency, inheritance pattern, effect size, and phenotypic specificity, and provide examples of how genetic risk factors within the various categories increase the risk for epilepsy. We end by highlighting trends in epilepsy genetics including the increasing use of massive parallel sequencing technologies.