bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uroplakin traffic through the Golgi apparatus induces its fragmentation: new insights from novel in vitro models
Authors: Višnjar Tanja , Chesi Giancarlo , Iacobacci Simona , Polishchuk Elena , Resnik Nataša , Robenek Horst , Kreft Marko , Romih Rok , Polishchuk Roman , Kreft Mateja Erdani 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUroplakins (UPs) play an essential role in maintaining an effective urothelial permeability barrier at the level of superficial urothelial cell (UC) layer. Although the organization of UPs in the apical plasma membrane (PM) of UCs is well known, their transport in UCs is only partially understood. Here, we dissected trafficking of UPs and its differentiation-dependent impact on Golgi apparatus (GA) architecture. We demonstrated that individual subunits UPIb and UPIIIa are capable of trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the GA in UCs. Moreover, UPIb, UPIIIa or UPIb/UPIIIa expressing UCs revealed fragmentation and peripheral redistribution of Golgi-units. Notably, expression of UPIb or UPIb/UPIIIa triggered similar GA fragmentation in MDCK and HeLa cells that do not express UPs endogenously. The colocalization analysis of UPIb/UPIIIa-EGFP and COPI, COPII or clathrin suggested that UPs follow constitutively the post-Golgi route to the apical PM. Depolymerisation of microtubules leads to complete blockade of the UPIb/UPIIIa-EGFP post-Golgi transport, while disassembly of actin filaments shows significantly reduced delivery of UPIb/UPIIIa-EGFP to the PM. Our findings show the significant effect of the UPs expression on the GA fragmentation, which enables secretory Golgi-outpost to be distributed as close as possible to the sites of cargo delivery at the PM.
Denervation-related alterations and biological activity of miRNAs contained in exosomes released by skeletal muscle fibers
Authors: De Gasperi Rita , Hamidi Sayyed , Harlow Lauren M. , Ksiezak-Reding Hanna , Bauman William A. , Cardozo Christopher P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractExosomes are vesicles released by many eukaryotic cells; their cargo includes proteins, mRNA and microRNA (miR) that can be transferred to recipient cells and regulate cellular processes in an autocrine or paracrine manner. While cells of the myoblast lineage secrete exosomes, it is not known whether skeletal muscle fibers (myofibers) release exosomes. In this study, we found that cultured myofibers release nanovesicles that have bilamellar membranes and an average size of 60–130 nm, contain typical exosomal proteins and miRNAs and are taken up by C2C12 cells. miR-133a was found to be the most abundant myomiR in these vesicles while miR-720 was most enriched in exosomes compared to parent myofibers. Treatment of NIH 3T3 cells with myofiber-derived exosomes downregulated the miR-133a targets proteins Smarcd1 and Runx2, confirming that these exosomes have biologically relevant effects on recipient cells. Denervation resulted in a marked increase in miR-206 and reduced expression of miRs 1, 133a, and 133b in myofiber-derived exosomes. These findings demonstrate that skeletal muscle fibers release exosomes which can exert biologically significant effects on recipient cells, and that pathological muscle conditions such as denervation induce alterations in exosomal miR profile which could influence responses to disease states through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms.
Structural decomposition of decadal climate prediction errors: A Bayesian approach
Authors: Zanchettin Davide , Gaetan Carlo , Arisido Maeregu Woldeyes , Modali Kameswarrao , Toniazzo Thomas , Keenlyside Noel , Rubino Angelo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDecadal climate predictions use initialized coupled model simulations that are typically affected by a drift toward a biased climatology determined by systematic model errors. Model drifts thus reflect a fundamental source of uncertainty in decadal climate predictions. However, their analysis has so far relied on ad-hoc assessments of empirical and subjective character. Here, we define the climate model drift as a dynamical process rather than a descriptive diagnostic. A unified statistical Bayesian framework is proposed where a state-space model is used to decompose systematic decadal climate prediction errors into an initial drift, seasonally varying climatological biases and additional effects of co-varying climate processes. An application to tropical and south Atlantic sea-surface temperatures illustrates how the method allows to evaluate and elucidate dynamic interdependencies between drift, biases, hindcast residuals and background climate. Our approach thus offers a methodology for objective, quantitative and explanatory error estimation in climate predictions.
Metabolic Signatures in Response to Abscisic Acid (ABA) Treatment in Brassica napus Guard Cells Revealed by Metabolomics
Authors: Zhu Mengmeng , Assmann Sarah M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDrought can severely damage crops, resulting in major yield losses. During drought, vascular land plants conserve water via stomatal closure. Each stomate is bordered by a pair of guard cells that shrink in response to drought and the associated hormone abscisic acid (ABA). The activation of complex intracellular signaling networks underlies these responses. Therefore, analysis of guard cell metabolites is fundamental for elucidation of guard cell signaling pathways. Brassica napus is an important oilseed crop for human consumption and biodiesel production. Here, non-targeted metabolomics utilizing gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were employed for the first time to identify metabolic signatures in response to ABA in B. napus guard cell protoplasts. Metabolome profiling identified 390 distinct metabolites in B. napus guard cells, falling into diverse classes. Of these, 77 metabolites, comprising both primary and secondary metabolites were found to be significantly ABA responsive, including carbohydrates, fatty acids, glucosinolates, and flavonoids. Selected secondary metabolites, sinigrin, quercetin, campesterol, and sitosterol, were confirmed to regulate stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana, B. napus or both species. Information derived from metabolite datasets can provide a blueprint for improvement of water use efficiency and drought tolerance in crops.
Rheumatoid arthritis and risk for Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis and a Mendelian Randomization study
Authors: Policicchio Stefania , Ahmad Aminah Noor , Powell John Francis , Proitsi Petroula 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have been observed to be at a lower risk of developing Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Clinical trials have showed no relationship between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and AD. The aim of this study was to establish if there is a causal link between RA and AD. A systematic literature review on RA incidence and its link to AD was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines. Eight case-control and two population-based studies were included in a random effects meta-analysis. The causal relationship between RA and AD was assessed using Mendelian Randomization (MR), using summary data from the largest RA and AD Genome Wide Association (GWA) and meta-analysis studies to date using a score of 62 RA risk SNPs (p < 5 * 10−8) as instrumental variable (IV). Meta-analysis of the literature showed that RA was associated with lower AD incidence (OR = 0.600, 95% CI 0.46–0.77, p = 1.03 * 10−4). On the contrary, MR analysis did not show any evidence of a causal association between RA and AD (OR = 1.012, 95% CI 0.98–1.04). Although there is epidemiological evidence for an association of RA with lower AD incidence, this association does not appear to be causal. Possible explanations for this discrepancy could include influence from confounding factors such as use of RA medication, selection bias and differential RA diagnosis.
Modulation of electronic transport properties in armchair phosphorene nanoribbons by doping and edge passivation
Authors: Guo Caixia , Wang Tianxing , Xia Congxin , Liu Yufang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe electronic structures and transport properties of group IV atoms (C, Si, Ge)-doped armchair phosphorene nanoribbons (APNRs) are investigated using first-principles calculations, considering different edge passivation. The results show that the C, Si, Ge dopants can induce the transition occur from semiconductor to metal in the APNRs. The negative differential resistance (NDR) behavior in the doped APNR system is robust with respect to the doping concentration and edge passivation type. However, their current peak positions and peak-to-valley ratio (PVR) values are correlated with doping concentration and edge passivation type. In particular, for the C, Si-doped APNRs, the low bias NDR behavior with the PVR (105–108) can be observed when doping concentration is low in the APNRs with the F and H edge passivation. These results may play an important role for the fabrication of future low power consumption nano-electronic devices.
Generalization of Perceptual Learning of Degraded Speech Across Talkers
Authors: Huyck Julia Jones , Smith Rachel H. , Hawkins Sarah , Johnsrude Ingrid S. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
We investigated whether perceptual learning of noise-vocoded (NV) speech is specific to a particular talker or accent.

Method

Four groups of listeners (
n
= 18 per group) were first trained by listening to 20 NV sentences that had been recorded by a talker with either the same native accent as the listeners or a different regional accent. They then heard 20 novel NV sentences from either the native- or nonnative-accented talker (test), in a 2 × 2 (Training Talker per Accent × Test Talker per Accent) design.

Results
Word-report scores at test for participants trained and tested with the same (native- or nonnative-accented) talker did not differ from those for participants trained with 1 talker per accent and tested on another.

Conclusions
Learning of NV speech generalized completely between talkers. Two additional experiments confirmed this result. Thus, when listeners are trained to understand NV speech, they are not learning talker- or accent-specific features but instead are learning how to use the information available in the degraded signal. The results suggest that people with cochlear implants, who experience spectrally degraded speech, may not be too disadvantaged if they learn to understand speech through their implant by listening primarily to just 1 other talker, such as a spouse.
Endovascular Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Complete Iliac Occlusion: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Ibrahim M. , Tanga Christopher , Epstein David , Franz Randall 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and complete iliac occlusion, endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) using a bifurcated stent graft has clear advantages over aortouniiliac stent grafts. Bifurcated stent grafts had improved hemodynamic flow and increased primary and secondary patency rates compared with aortouniiliac stent grafts. The use of aortouniiliac stent grafts with femorofemoral crossover bypass is associated with complications including infection of the prosthesis, steal phenomenon, and the associated difficulties for further endovascular access at the site of the femoral anastomosis. Recanalization of occluded iliac arteries at the time of EVAR avoids the complications mentioned above. We report three cases of patients with AAA and iliac occlusion who were successfully treated with iliac recanalization at the time of EVAR.
Meningioma with Intra- and Peritumoral Abscess
Authors: Sannareddy Rajesh , Lath Rahul , Padua Michelle de , Ranjan Alok 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe association of meningioma with intra- and peritumoral brain abscess is rare. All cases reported in literature had some focus of infection in the body. We report a 56-year-old man with well-controlled diabetes mellitus found to have a space-occupying lesion upon evaluation for headache, vomiting, and clumsiness of right upper limb. Perioperatively, pus was found intra- and perilesionally around a thick, capsulated, dural-based, vascular lesion. Histopathology was suggestive of meningioma, and Escherichia coli was isolated upon culture.
European Reference Networks: Share, Care, and Cure—Future or Dream?
Authors: Anzelewicz Stefan , Petersen Claus , Czauderna Piotr , Wijnen Rene 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEuropean Reference Networks (ERNs) are virtual networks that involve healthcare providers across Europe. The aim of ERNs is to tackle complex or rare diseases and conditions that necessitate highly specialized treatment, knowledge and resources.This article summarizes the concept of European Reference Networks in the European Union, legislation and policy behind ERNs from the standpoint of pediatric surgical specialty. There are seven ERNs in which pediatric surgeons are involved, four of which are being discussed, namely ERN PaedCan, eUROGEN ERN, ERN RARE-LIVER and ERNICA. ERNs program is a step towards improving health care quality, reducing access inequalities, and increasing overall medical experience and knowledge but its final impact is yet to be determined.
Interdisziplinäre Therapie der Lungentuberkulose
Authors: Pfannschmidt Joachim , Schönfeld Nicolas 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDie chirurgische Therapie der Lungentuberkulose war seit der breiten Verfügbarkeit effektiver Antibiotika nur noch in seltenen Fällen indiziert. Die zunehmende Problematik multiresistenter Tuberkulosestämme in den letzten 2 Jahrzehnten hat die Bedeutung chirurgischer Therapieverfahren jedoch erneut in den Fokus gerückt. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Darstellung der wesentlichen Indikationskriterien zur chirurgischen Behandlung im interdisziplinären Konzept mit den heutigen Möglichkeiten der tuberkulostatischen Therapie.
Vitamin B3 in der kosmetischen Dermatologie
Authors: Bayerl C. 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungNiacinamid ist der neue Trend bei den zellprotektiven Substanzen. Oral wird die Einnahme von 2 × 500 mg täglich empfohlen. Topisch wird die Substanz in 2 %-iger oder 5 %-iger Konzentration eingesetzt. Es blockiert die Hemmwirkung der UV-Strahlung auf die ATP-Produktion, fördert die DNA-Reparatur, reduziert aktinische Keratosen und Hyperpigmentierungen und minimiert auch topisch die UV-bedingte Immunsuppression.
Photodynamische Therapie – neue Wege, kritische Abwägung
Authors: Kurzen H. 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren gewinnt die photodynamische Therapie (PDT) an Bedeutung in der Behandlung des chronischen Lichtschadens. Im Vordergrund steht die Behandlung der Feldkanzerisierung und damit von bösartigen, oberflächlichen epidermalen Karzinomen (aktinische Keratosen). Als Nebeneffekt wurde immer wieder ein positiver Effekt auf das Gesamterscheinungsbild und damit ein kosmetischer Effekt beschrieben. Untermauert wird dies durch Untersuchungen zur epidermalen Dicke und aktinischen Elastose nach PDT. In Kombination mit fraktionierten ablativen Lasern oder dem Mikroneedling kann eine synergistische Wirkungsverstärkung erzielt werden. Komplexe Behandlungsschemata, die PDT mit IPL, Farbstoff-Laser sowie Mikroneedling oder Mikrodermabrasion kombinieren, werden sowohl in der eigentlichen Verjüngungsbehandlung, jedoch auch zur Therapie der Akne oder auch infektiöser Hauterkrankungen eingesetzt. Die alleinige kosmetische Anwendung der PDT auf nicht sonnengeschädigter Haut steht auch aufgrund der hohen Kosten und besserer Konkurrenzmethoden nicht im Vordergrund.
Ästhetische Behandlungen mit Fillern und das Management von Nebenwirkungen
Authors: Barsch M. , Buhren B. , Gerber P. 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungMedizinisch-ästhetische Behandlungen sind für die tägliche dermatologische Praxis von zunehmender Bedeutung. Als zentraler Bestandteil eines multimodalen Therapiekonzeptes sind dermale und Volumenfiller aus der modernen ästhetischen Therapie nicht mehr wegzudenken. Wegweisende Erkenntnisse zum Alterungsprozess des Gesichtes und zur Sicherheit und Spezifika der verschiedenen Typen von Füllstoffen der vergangenen Jahre bieten heute differenzierte Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Volumenaugmentation bis hin zu Hydratation oder Kollageninduktion. Gleichsam sind aber auch der Markt an verfügbaren Injektionsprodukten und die verschiedenen Indikationen und Injektionstechniken nahezu unüberschaubar. Schließlich werden wir in der Praxis immer wieder mit Komplikationen nach unsachgemäßer Anwendung oder den Langzeitkomplikationen von in Deutschland längst nicht mehr verfügbaren Füllstoffen konfrontiert und auch bei regelhafter Injektion sind Nebenwirkungen nicht ausgeschlossen. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll einen Überblick über die am Markt verfügbaren aber auch relevanten historischen bzw. obsoleten Filler und ferner über mögliche Komplikationen und deren Management geben. Ferner finden sich persönliche Bewertungen zu besonderen Indikationen bzw. Injektionstechniken.
Aus der Rücken- in die Seitenlage
Authors: Muesse André , Vehma Stefanie , Brutscher Petra , Eppler Sonja 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Transfers erleichtern In diesem Beitrag der Reihe Kinästhetik geht es um
die verfeinerte Durchführung alltäglicher Transfers mit besonderer pflegerischer
Relevanz. Am Beispiel des Transfers aus der Rücken- in die Seitenlage soll
gezeigt werden, wie grundlegendes Bewegungsverständnis im Sinne von Kinästhetik
im pflegerischen Alltag leicht umgesetzt werden kann, um Bewegung zu fördern und
körperliche Belastungen zu reduzieren. So erfolgt Entwicklungsförderung im
Handling von Anfang an.
Wenn Kinder nicht mehr leben wollen
Authors: Thielmann Susanna 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Empfehlungen für die Betreuung Wer Kinder oder Jugendliche nach einem
Suizidversuch betreut, muss neben der somatischen Versorgung auch die
psychosoziale Komponente berücksichtigen. Eine offene und ehrliche Kommunikation
spielt dabei eine entscheidende Rolle.
Notfall Psyche – Diagnostik und Krisenintervention in der Präklinik
Authors: Jordan Wolfgang 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDer psychiatrische Notfall gehört zu den häufigsten Einsatzursachen für Notärzte. Der Beitrag bietet einen Leitfaden zum Umgang mit Menschen in seelischer Not: von der Orientierung im Notfallgeschehen über eine Zusammenstellung der häufigsten Krankheitsbilder, die Vorstellung spezieller Techniken zur Krisenintervention bis hin zu pharmakologischen Aspekten.
Perspectives on endoscopic surveillance of dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: a survey of academic gastroenterologists
Authors: Gallinger Zane , Rumman Amir , Murthy Sanjay , Nguyen Geoffrey 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Dye-based chromoendoscopy (DBC) is the preferred method for endoscopic dysplasia surveillance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We sought to examine the uptake of, and perception toward DBC among academic gastroenterologists.
Methods We conducted an online survey of academic members of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology to assess their current dysplasia surveillance practice, uptake of DBC, and perceived barriers to adoption of DBC.
Results Of the 150 physicians contacted, 49 (32.7 %) responded to the survey. The majority of respondents reported subspecialty training in IBD (71.4 %), and the median number of years in practice was 12. White-light endoscopy with random colonic biopsies was the preferred dysplasia screening method (73.5 %). Only 26.5 % of respondents routinely used DBC, despite institutional availability of over 60 %. The major barriers to adoption of DBC were concerns about procedure duration (46.9 %), concerns about cost (44.9 %), and inadequate training (40.8 %).
Conclusion There is low uptake of DBC for dysplasia surveillance in IBD patients among academic gastroenterologists practicing in Canada. Additional studies should be completed to determine how to improve the uptake of DBC.
diffuStats: an R package to compute diffusion-based scores on biological networks
Authors: Picart-Armada Sergio , Thompson Wesley K , Buil Alfonso , Perera-Lluna Alexandre 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Summary
Label propagation and diffusion over biological networks are a common mathematical formalism in computational biology for giving context to molecular entities and prioritizing novel candidates in the area of study. There are several choices in conceiving the diffusion process—involving the graph kernel, the score definitions and the presence of a posterior statistical normalization—which have an impact on the results. This manuscript describes diffuStats, an R package that provides a collection of graph kernels and diffusion scores, as well as a parallel permutation analysis for the normalized scores, that eases the computation of the scores and their benchmarking for an optimal choice.

Availability and implementation
The R package diffuStats is publicly available in Bioconductor, https://bioconductor.org, under the GPL-3 license.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Deficit in PINK1/PARKIN-mediated mitochondrial autophagy at late stages of dystrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kang Chifei , Badr Myriam A , Kyrychenko Viktoriia , Eskelinen Eeva-Liisa , Shirokova Natalia 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Aims
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited devastating muscle disease with severe and often lethal cardiac complications. Emerging evidence suggests that the evolution of the pathology in DMD is accompanied by the accumulation of mitochondria with defective structure and function. Here, we investigate whether defects in the housekeeping autophagic pathway contribute to mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunctions in dystrophic cardiomyopathy.

Methods and results
We employed various biochemical and imaging techniques to assess mitochondrial structure and function as well as to evaluate autophagy, and specific mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), in hearts of mdx mice, an animal model of DMD. Our results indicate substantial structural damage of mitochondria and a significant decrease in ATP production in hearts of mdx animals, which developed cardiomyopathy. In these hearts, we also detected enhanced autophagy but paradoxically, mitophagy appeared to be suppressed. In addition, we found decreased levels of several proteins involved in the PINK1/PARKIN mitophagy pathway as well as an insignificant amount of PARKIN protein phosphorylation at the S65 residue upon induction of mitophagy.

Conclusions
Our results suggest faulty mitophagy in dystrophic hearts due to defects in the PINK1/PARKIN pathway.
The gas and stellar mass of low-redshift damped Lyman-α absorbers
Authors: Kanekar Nissim , Neeleman Marcel , Prochaska J Xavier , Ghosh Tapasi 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We report Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph far-ultraviolet and Arecibo Telescope H i 21 cm spectroscopy of six damped and sub-damped Lyman-α absorbers (DLAs and sub-DLAs, respectively) at z ≲ 0.1, which have yielded estimates of their H i column density, metallicity and atomic gas mass. This significantly increases the number of DLAs with gas mass estimates, allowing the first comparison between the gas masses of DLAs and local galaxies. Including three absorbers from the literature, we obtain H i masses ≈(0.24–5.2) × 109 M⊙, lower than the knee of the local H i mass function. This implies that massive galaxies do not dominate the absorption cross-section for low-z DLAs. We use Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometry and spectroscopy to identify the likely hosts of four absorbers, obtaining low stellar masses, ≈107–108.4 M⊙, in all cases, consistent with the hosts being dwarf galaxies. We obtain high H i 21 cm or CO emission line widths, ΔV20 ≈ 100–290 km s−1, and high gas fractions, fH i ≈ 5–100, suggesting that the absorber hosts are gas-rich galaxies with low star formation efficiencies. However, the H i 21 cm velocity spreads (≳100 km s−1) appear systematically larger than the velocity spreads in typical dwarf galaxies.