bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of acidified seawater on calcification, photosynthetic efficiencies and the recovery processes from strong light exposure in the coral Stylophora pistillata
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Iguchi Akira , Suzuki Atsushi , Sakai Kazuhiko , Nojiri Yukihiro 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether coral photosynthetic efficiencies and recovery processes are affected by CO2‐driven ocean acidification in symbiont photosynthesis and coral calcification. We investigated the effects of five CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) levels in adjusted seawater ranging from 300 μatm (pre‐industrial) to 800 μatm (near‐future) and strong and weak light intensity on maximum photosynthetic efficiency and calcification of a branching coral, Stylophora pistillata, as this species has often been used in rearing experiments to investigate the effects of acidified seawater on calcification and photosynthetic algae of corals. We found that, the photosynthetic efficiencies and recovery patterns under different light conditions did not differ among pCO2 treatments. Furthermore, calcification of S. pistillata was not affected by acidified seawater under weak or strong light conditions. Our results indicate that the photosynthetic efficiency and calcification of S. pistillata are insensitive to changes in ocean acidity.
Cosmic‐ray exposure histories of the lunar meteorites AaU 012 and Shişr 166
Authors: Mészáros Marianna , Leya Ingo , Hofmann Beda A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe measured the concentrations and isotopic compositions of the stable isotopes of He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe in the two lunar impact‐melt breccias Abar al’ Uj (AaU) 012 and Shişr 166 to obtain information on their cosmic‐ray exposure histories and possible launch pairing; the latter was suggested because of their similar chemical composition. AaU 012 has higher gas concentrations than Shişr 166 and clearly contains implanted solar wind gases, indicating a shallow to moderate shielding for this meteorite in the lunar regolith. The maximum shielding depth of AaU 012 was most likely ≤310 g cm−2 and its lunar regolith residence time was ≥420 ± 70 Ma. Our results indicate that in Shişr 166 the trapped component is a mixture of air and solar wind. The low concentration of cosmogenic and solar wind gases indicate substantial diffusive gas loss and a shielding depth of <700 g cm−2 on the Moon for Shişr 166. All differences seen in the concentrations and isotopic compositions of the noble gases suggest that AaU 012 and Shişr 166 are most likely not launch pairs, although a different exposure history on the Moon does not exclude the possibility that the two meteorites were ejected by a single, large impact event.
Variation in gene regulation underlying annual and perennial flowering in Arabideae species
Authors: Friedman Jannice 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe diversity of life history strategies within the angiosperms illustrates the evolutionary flexibility of reproductive characteristics. The number of times an individual reproduces is a key life history trait, and transitions from iteroparous perennials to semelparous annuals have occurred frequently in the flowering plants. Despite the frequency of this evolutionary transition, and the importance of annuality versus perenniality to both agriculture and ecology, understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in perennial flowering is in their infancy. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Kiefer et al. () make significant progress towards understanding divergence in seasonal flowering between annual and perennial species in the Arabideae tribe of Brassicaceae. By combining a comparative approach with gene expression and sequence comparisons, they show that transcriptional differences in FLC orthologs, a floral inhibitor in Arabidopsis thaliana, have occurred repeatedly and underlie differences in flowering between annuals and perennials.
Cholinesterases in normal and Alzheimer's disease primary olfactory gyrus
Authors: Hamodat H. , Cash M. K. , Fisk J. D. , Darvesh S. 
Published: June 2017

AimsAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cholinergic dysfunction and deposition of β‐amyloid (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. Olfactory abnormalities often precede cognitive symptoms in AD, indicating early involvement of pathology in olfactory structures. The cholinergic system is important not only in cognition but also in modulation of the olfactory system. The primary olfactory gyrus (POG) is comprised of the olfactory tract, anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) and olfactory area (OA). Because of the importance of the olfactory and cholinergic systems, we examined the anatomical and cholinergic organization of the POG in normal human brain and neuropathology in AD.MethodsCytoarchitecture of the POG was studied using Nissl staining in normal (n = 8) and AD (n = 6) brains. Distributions of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were determined using histochemical methods. Aβ plaques and tau NFTs were detected using immunohistochemistry. Abundance of AD pathology was assessed using a semi‐quantitative approach.ResultNissl staining showed pyramidal cells in the AON and paleocortical organization of the OA. AChE stained neurons and neuropil in the AON and OA, while BChE activity was noted in the olfactory tract and in AON and OA neurons. Pathology was frequent in the AD POG and the abundance of BChE‐associated AD pathology was greater than that associated with AChE.ConclusionsAChE and BChE activities in normal POG recapitulated their distributions in other cortical regions. Greater abundance of BChE‐associated, in comparison to AChE‐associated, AD pathology in the POG suggests preferential involvement of BChE in olfactory dysfunction in AD.
Prolonged embryogenesis in Austrobaileya scandens (Austrobaileyaceae): its ecological and evolutionary significance
Authors: Losada Juan M. , Bachelier Julien B. , Friedman William E. 
Published: June 2017

Summary

The embryology of basal angiosperm lineages (Amborella, Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales) is central to reconstructing the early evolution of flowering plants. Previous studies have shown that mature seeds in Austrobaileyales are albuminous, with a small embryo surrounded by a substantial diploid endosperm. However, little is known of seed ontogeny and seedling germination in Austrobaileya scandens, sister to all other extant Austrobaileyales.

Standard histochemical techniques were used to study ovule/seed development and germination of Austrobaileya.

Early development of the endosperm in Austrobaileya is ab initio cellular with pronounced cell proliferation. The nucellus transiently accumulates some starch, but is obliterated by expansion of a massive endosperm, where all embryo‐nourishing reserves are ultimately stored. Twelve months elapse from fertilization to fruit abscission. Seeds are dispersed with a minute embryo, requiring 12 additional months for seedling establishment.

The 2 yr required for seedling establishment is an apomorphic feature of Austrobaileya, probably related to germination in extremely dark understory conditions. Remarkably, although Austrobaileya seeds are nearly 50 times larger (by length) than the smallest seeds of extinct and extant members of early divergent angiosperm lineages, the embryo to seed ratio (E : S) falls squarely within the narrow range that characterizes the albuminous seeds of ancient flowering plant lineages.
Fluid pressurization and tractional forces during TMJ disc loading: A biphasic finite element analysis
Authors: Wu Y. , Cisewski S. E. , Wei F. , She X. , Gonzales T. S. , Iwasaki L. R. , Nickel J. C. , Yao H. 
Published: June 2017

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the ploughing mechanism associated with tractional force formation on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc surface.Setting and Sample PopulationTen left TMJ discs were harvested from 6‐ to 8‐month‐old male Yorkshire pigs.Materials and MethodsConfined compression tests characterized mechanical TMJ disc properties, which were incorporated into a biphasic finite element model (FEM). The FEM was established to investigate load carriage within the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the ploughing mechanism during tractional force formation by simulating previous in vitro plough experiments.ResultsBiphasic mechanical properties were determined in five TMJ disc regions (average±standard deviation for aggregate modulus: 0.077±0.040 MPa; hydraulic permeability: 0.88±0.37×10−3 mm4/Ns). FE simulation results demonstrated that interstitial fluid pressurization is a dominant loading support mechanism in the TMJ disc. Increased contact load and duration led to increased solid ECM strain and stress within, and increased ploughing force on the surface of the disc.ConclusionSustained mechanical loading may play a role in load carriage within the ECM and ploughing force formation during stress‐field translation at the condyle–disc interface. This study further elucidated the mechanism of ploughing on tractional force formation and provided a baseline for future analysis of TMJ mechanics, cartilage fatigue and early TMJ degeneration.
Effect of exogenous retinoic acid on tooth movement and periodontium healing following tooth extraction in a rat model
Authors: Nishio C. , Rompré P. , Moldovan F. 
Published: June 2017

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of isotretinoin on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and wound healing following exodontia.Setting and Sample PopulationSixteen 40‐day‐old male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: (a) OTM and (b) tooth extraction (TE) of the upper 1st molar and OTM. The experimental animals were treated with isotretinoin (7.5 mg/kg) and the control animals with oil solution for 37 days.Materials and methodsThe OTM and bone volume were evaluated by the micro‐CT and the periodontium healing was assessed by immunohistochemistry for VEGF‐C, COX‐2 and IL‐1ß.ResultsThe animals of both groups submitted to the TE showed a statistically significant decrease in the bone volume percentage and increase in OTM. No significant difference of OTM and bone volume was observed between the control and experimental group. However, the alveolar bone of the isotretinoin group revealed more medullary spaces with inflammatory, hematopoietic cells, blood vessels and intense immunolabeling for VEGF‐C. This group also showed faster gingival regeneration. No significant difference was observed in the COX‐2 and IL‐1ß labelings following TE between both groups.ConclusionThe isotretinoin did not affect the OTM nor did it cause an alteration in maxillary bone volume. This exogenous acid may contribute to the acceleration of gingival healing.
In silico and functional evaluation of PTH1R mutations found in patients with primary failure of eruption (PFE)
Authors: Hendricks H. M. , Bencharit S. , Seaman W. , Frazier‐Bowers S. A. 
Published: June 2017

Structured AbstractObjectivesThe genetic basis of PFE (OMIM ID: 125350) was interrogated using molecular functional studies. PFE is a disorder that results in a poor prognosis in the eruption of teeth and by extension, in treatment with a continuous archwire. We tested the hypothesis that PTH1R mutations result in loss of function due to altered protein structure to determine (i) the fate of a functional PTH1R mutation and (ii) the resulting PTH1R protein structure of each functional mutation.MethodsWe used immunofluorescence assay of COS7 cells that were transfected with either the WT or 1092delG PTH1R mutation sequence to compare the fate of the expressed protein. We also performed in silico analysis of the WT PTH1R and four different functional PTH1R mutationsResultsFunctional studies (IFA) showed a variation in expression between the WT and mutant PTH1R. Further, in silico analysis showed structural differences between WT and mutant PTH1R proteins, particularly in the regions of the 3rd intracellular loop and the 6th transmembrane domain required for efficient PTH1R function.ConclusionPTH1R mutations identified in PFE likely result from diminished function due to truncation of the protein, lack of efficient G‐protein interactions and putatively attenuated signal transduction. By identifying the mode of protein dysfunction, scientist‐clinicians are better prepared to recognize and thereby develop improved methods of treatment, starting at the molecular level.
Exosomes: novel regulators of bone remodelling and potential therapeutic agents for orthodontics
Authors: Holliday L. S. , McHugh K. P. , Zuo J. , Aguirre J. I. , Neubert J. K. , Rody W. J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRecent studies suggest that exosomes are involved in intercellular communication required for the maintenance of healthy bone. Exosomes are small (30–150 nm in diameter) extracellular vesicles that are formed in multivesicular bodies and are released from cells as the multivesicular bodies fuse with the plasma membrane. Regulatory exosomes have the capacity to exert profound control over target cells. They can stimulate plasma membrane receptors and are also internalized by the target cell delivering proteins, lipids, small molecules and functional RNAs from the cell of origin. We and others have recently reported on regulatory exosomes from osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Key candidate molecules identified in exosome‐based regulation of bone remodelling include receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK), RANK‐ligand (RANKL), ephrinA2, semaphorin 4D, microRNA‐146a and microRNA‐ 214–3p. Exosomes will likely prove to be crucial elements in the communication networks integrating bone cells (osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes) and linking bone to other tissue. Exosomes collected from bone cells grown in culture may prove useful to augment bone remodelling associated with orthodontic force application or required for the repair of craniofacial bone. Various technologies allow exosomes to be engineered to improve their targeting and efficacy for therapeutic purposes. In summary, exosomes have emerged as important elements of the machinery for intercellular communication between bone cells. They hold great promise as therapeutic targets, biomarkers and therapeutic agents for orthodontists.
Clinical effectiveness of late maxillary protraction in cleft lip and palate: A methods paper
Authors: Lee M. K. , Lane C. , Azeredo F. , Landsberger M. , Kapadia H. , Sheller B. , Yen S. L. 
Published: June 2017

Structured AbstractObjectivesA prospective parallel cohort trial was conducted to compare outcomes of patients treated with maxillary protraction vs LeFort 1 maxillary advancement surgery.Setting and Sample PopulationThe primary site for the clinical trial is Children's Hospital Los Angeles; the satellite test site is Seattle Children's Hospital. All patients have isolated cleft lip and palate and a skeletal Class III malocclusion.Material and MethodsA total of 50 patients, ages 11‐14, will be recruited for the maxillary protraction cohort. The maxillary surgery cohort consists of 50 patients, ages 16‐21, who will undergo LeFort 1 maxillary advancement surgery. Patients with additional medical or cognitive handicaps were excluded from the study.ResultsCurrent recruitment of patients is on track to complete the study within the proposed recruitment period.ConclusionThis observational trial is collecting information that will examine dental, skeletal, financial and quality‐of‐life issues from both research cohorts.
Clinical and genetic analysis of patients with cherubism
Authors: Machado RA , Pontes HAR , Pires FR , Silveira HM , Bufalino A , Carlos R , Tuji FM , Alves DBM , Santos‐Silva AR , Lopes MA , Capistrano HM , Coletta RD , Fonseca FP 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical and genetic features of patients with cherubism.Material and MethodsA descriptive analysis of 14 cases from nine different families was carried out. Clinicopathological, imaging, and follow‐up data were retrieved from patients’ medical files and correlated with the genetic profile of each patient. Genomic DNA isolated from buccal mucosa cells was subjected to direct sequencing analysis of the SH3BP2 gene.ResultsFemales were more affected than males (8:6), and the mean age at diagnosis was 8.6 years (range 3–30 years). Eleven patients exhibited simultaneous bilateral involvement of the maxilla and mandible. Two patients did not have a familial history of cherubism. Progressive growth pattern was found in six patients and stable lesions were observed in other seven patients, whereas in one patient, complete spontaneous remission was documented during the follow‐up (31 years). Mutations were found in 13 cases and included the typical heterozygous missense mutations R415Q, P418T, and P418H at exon 9 of SH3BP2. No correlation between the mutations and the clinical manifestations was observed.ConclusionThree different point mutations in the SH3BP2 gene were detected with variable clinical involvement. Genotype–phenotype association studies in larger population with cherubism are necessary to provide important knowledge about molecular mechanisms related to the disease.
Role of surgery in delayed local treatment for INSS 4 neuroblastoma
Authors: Uehara Shuichiro , Yoneda Akihiro , Oue Takaharu , Nakahata Kengo , Zenitani Masahiro , Miyamura Takako , Hashii Yoshiko , Fukuzawa Masahiro , Okuyama Hiroomi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy, complications and outcomes of the following two surgical strategies for delayed local treatment for International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) 4 neuroblastoma (NB): complete resection (CR; period A); and gross total resection/subtotal resection (GTR/STR) with local irradiation (period B).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 17 patients with INSS 4 NB who received delayed local treatment (period A, n = 11; period B, n = 6).ResultsEleven patients in period A received CR. Two patients underwent GTR and four patients underwent STR in period B. The amount of blood loss in period A was significantly greater than that in period B. Postoperative complications were observed in eight patients in period A (73%), but in only one patient in period B (17%; P < 0.01). Recurrence was observed in five patients in period A and in one patient in period B (45.4% vs 16.6%; P = n.s.). Distant metastasis at recurrence was observed in four patients in period A and in one patient in period B.ConclusionsGross total resection/subtotal resection with local irradiation may be a safe and effective delayed local treatment for INSS 4 NB.
The conservation significance of natural hybridisation in Mediterranean plants: from a case study onCyclamen(Primulaceae) to a general perspective
Authors: Thompson J. D. , Gauthier P. , Papuga G. , Pons V. , Debussche M. , Farris E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHybridisation plays a prominent role in plant evolution due to its influence on genetic diversity, fitness and adaptive potential. We identify a case of on‐going hybrid evolution of floral phenotypes in disjunct populations ofCyclamen balearicumandC. repandumsubsp.repandumon Corsica and Sardinia.Hybrid populations on the two islands contain similar patterns of variation in flower colour and size but are probably at different stages in the evolutionary process of hybridisation, and differences in the frequency of floral types and flower size suggest hybrid vigour that may contribute to the dynamics and maintenance of hybrid forms.In a review of cases of hybridisation in Mediterranean plants we found an equivalent number of cases for the contemporary occurrence of mixed hybrid populations, as there are cases of homoploid hybrid species differentiation.We argue for the development of a conservation strategy for Mediterranean plants that integrates the need to protect not just pure endemic species (some of hybrid origin) but also mixed populations where adaptive variation and new species are evolving due to contemporary hybridisation.
Size‐dependence of tree growth response to drought for Norway spruce and European beech individuals in monospecific and mixed‐species stands
Authors: Ding H. , Pretzsch H. , Schütze G. , Rötzer T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractClimate anomalies have resulted in changing forest productivity, increasing tree mortality in Central and Southern Europe. This has resulted in more severe and frequent ecological disturbances to forest stands. This study analysed the size‐dependence of growth response to drought years based on 384 tree individuals of Norway spruce [Picea abies(L.) Karst.] and European beech [Fagus sylvatica([L.)] in Bavaria, Germany.Samples were collected in both monospecific and mixed‐species stands. To quantify the growth response to drought stress, indices for basal area increment, resistance, recovery and resilience were calculated from tree ring measurements of increment cores. Linear mixed models were developed to estimate the influence of drought periods.The results show that ageing‐related growth decline is significant in drought years. Drought resilience and resistance decrease significantly with growth size among Norway spruce individuals. Evidence is also provided for robustness in the resilience capacity of European beech during drought stress. Spruce benefits from species mixing with deciduous beech, with over‐yielding spruce in pure stands.The importance of the influence of size‐dependence within tree growth studies during disturbances is highlighted and should be considered in future studies of disturbances, including drought.
Non‐parametric Bayesian Intensity Model: Exploring Time‐to‐Event Data on Two Time Scales
Authors: Härkänen Tommi , But Anna , Haukka Jari 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTime‐to‐event data have been extensively studied in many areas. Although multiple time scales are often observed, commonly used methods are based on a single time scale. Analysing time‐to‐event data on two time scales can offer a more extensive insight into the phenomenon. We introduce a non‐parametric Bayesian intensity model to analyse two‐dimensional point process on Lexis diagrams. After a simple discretization of the two‐dimensional process, we model the intensity by a one‐dimensional piecewise constant hazard functions parametrized by the change points and corresponding hazard levels. Our prior distribution incorporates a built‐in smoothing feature in two dimensions. We implement posterior simulation using the reversible jump Metropolis–Hastings algorithm and demonstrate the applicability of the method using both simulated and empirical survival data. Our approach outperforms commonly applied models by borrowing strength in two dimensions.
The Cost(s) of Geospatial Open Data
Authors: Johnson Peter A. , Sieber Renee , Scassa Teresa , Stephens Monica , Robinson Pamela 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe provision of open data by governments at all levels has rapidly increased over recent years. Given that one of the dominant motivations for the provision of open data is to generate ‘value’, both economic and civic, there are valid concerns over the costs incurred in this pursuit. Typically, costs of open data are framed as internal to the data providing government. Building on the strong history of GIScience research on data provision via spatial data infrastructures, this article considers both the direct and indirect costs of open data provision, framing four main areas of indirect costs: citizen participation challenges, uneven provision across geography and user types, subsidy of private sector activities, and the creation of inroads for corporate influence on government. These areas of indirect cost lead to the development of critical questions, including constituency, purpose, enablement, protection, and priorities. These questions are posed as a guide to governments that provide open data in addressing the indirect costs of open data.