bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consistent Estimates of Very Low HIV Incidence Among People Who Inject Drugs: New York City, 2005–2014
Authors: Des Jarlais Don C. , Arasteh Kamyar , McKnight Courtney , Feelemyer Jonathan , Campbell Aimée N. C. , Tross Susan , Smith Lou , Cooper Hannah L. F. , Hagan Holly , Perlman David 
Published: January 2016

Objectives. To compare methods for estimating low HIV incidence among persons who inject drugs. Methods. We examined 4 methods in New York City, 2005 to 2014: (1) HIV seroconversions among repeat participants, (2) increase of HIV prevalence by additional years of injection among new injectors, (3) the New York State and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stratified extrapolation algorithm, and (4) newly diagnosed HIV cases reported to the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Results. The 4 estimates were consistent: (1) repeat participants: 0.37 per 100 person-years (PY; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05/100 PY, 1.33/100 PY); (2) regression of prevalence by years injecting: 0.61 per 100 PY (95% CI = 0.36/100 PY, 0.87/100 PY); (3) stratified extrapolation algorithm: 0.32 per 100 PY (95% CI = 0.18/100 PY, 0.46/100 PY); and (4) newly diagnosed cases of HIV: 0.14 per 100 PY (95% CI = 0.11/100 PY, 0.16/100 PY). Conclusions. All methods appear to capture the same phenomenon of very low and decreasing HIV transmission among persons who inject drugs. Public Health Implications. If resources are available, the use of multiple methods would provide better information for public health purposes.
A New Downlink Scheduling Algorithm Proposed for Real Time Traffic in LTE System
Authors: Mahfoudi Mohammed , Bekkali Moulhime El , Najd Abdellah , Ghazi M. El , Mazer Said 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has developed a new cellular standard based packet switching allowing high data rate, 100 Mbps in Downlink and 50 Mbps in Uplink, and having the flexibility to be used in different bandwidths ranging from 1.4 MHz up to 20 MHz, this standard is termed LTE (Long Term Evolution). Radio Resource Management (RRM) procedure is one of the key design roles for improving LTE system performance, Packet scheduling is one of the RRM mechanisms and it is responsible for radio resources allocation, However, Scheduling algorithms are not defined in 3GPP specifications. Therefore, it gets a track interests for researchers. In this paper we proposed a new LTE scheduling algorithm and we compared its performances with other well known algorithms such as Proportional Fairness (PF), Modified Largest Weighted Delay First (MLWDF), and Exponential Proportional Fairness (EXPPF) in downlink direction. The simulation results shows that the proposed scheduler satisfies the quality of service (QoS) requirements of the real-time traffic in terms of packet loss ratio (PLR), average throughput and packet delay. This paper also discusses the key issues of scheduling algorithms to be considered in future traffic requirements.
Progression in Tobacco Use in India: An Application of Survival Function Analysis
Authors: Singh Shri Kant , Kashyap Gyan Chandra 
Published: January 2016

Today India is the second largest producer of tobacco in the world and the third largest consumer. The World Health Organization predicts that tobacco deaths in India may exceed 1.5 million annually by 2020. The purpose of the present study to evaluate the pattern and correlates of tobacco use and quitting tobacco among smokers as well as users of smokeless tobacco. This study is based on the data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, India (2009-10). The study used the cox's proportional hazards regression model and Kaplan-meier survival analysis for computing the probability of quitting tobacco. Three level multilevel logistic regression model have been used to carry out the pattern and correlates of tobacco use. The highest percentage of young people currently using tobacco product in the North-eastern states of India. The hazard of quitting tobacco among female is 1.35 times (p<.01) higher as compared to male. The chances of quitting smokeless tobacco are less in the North-East (HR =0.484) as compared to the people from North. The odds of smoking was three times higher in 45-64 age group (OR=3.311***) compared to the age group of 15-24. Regional variation is the use of smokeless tobacco shows that results from the North-Eastern region (OR=8.748***) and Eastern region (OR= 8.184) are more likely to use smokeless tobacco in comparison to people from Northern region. This study found that the trend of use of tobacco in upward direction, whereas the probability of quitting is very low in Northeast. Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-3, issue-1: 22-30
Effect of pellet and mash feeding on the performance of growing rabbit
Authors: Rahman MZ , Reza A , Siddiki MA , Hossain MI , Asaduzzaman M , Rahman MM 
Published: January 2016

The present study was undertaken to know the effect of pellet and mash feeding on nutrient digestibility, growth performance and carcass weight of growing rabbits. For this purpose fifteen crossbred New-Zealand white rabbit were selected for conducting the experiment. The Average ages of these experimental rabbits were 1.5 to 2.0 months. All the rabbits were housed in Quonset style cages. Animals were distributed to mash (T1), pellet (T2) and mixture of pellet and mash (T3) groups equally with five animals in each group. All the animals were supplied ad libitum green grass. The experiment shows that highest body weight was found from pelleted group. Growth rate of different dietary treatment differ significantly (p<0.05). FCR of different dietary groups did not differ significantly. Carcass weight and dressing yield of rabbits did not differ significantly, but dressing yield was highest for pelleted group. So the study reveal that, feeding of pelleted diet resulted in higher growth rate, growth velocity, dressing yield, better feed conversion efficiency compared to mash and pellet with mash.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2015. 44(2): 100-105
Professionel identitetsudvikling gennem uddannelse til erhvervsskolelærer i en empirisk undersøgelse på en diplomuddannelse
Authors: Duch Henriette 
Published: January 2016

New vocational teachers in Denmark already have an education when they become teachers. They also have several years of work experience. Regardless of educational background and employing college, they have to attend the same course when they are employed at a vocational college. It is mandatory to complete the Diploma of Education in four years. During that course, the teacher is in transition to become a professional vocational teacher. Drawing on theories of identity the aim is to analyse the development of a professional identity. The terms ‘professional identity’, ‘personal identity’ and ‘identity of the profession’ are defined.
The main finding is that vocational teachers develop new ways to act and think. They develop the professional identity in interaction with colleagues and students from other vocational colleges, but the development is individual.
The research project takes a qualitative approach. Four vocational colleges are selected as cases of maximum variations, and focus group interviews are conducted at each college.
Puissance, force et musique metal Quand les filles s’approprient les codes de la masculinité
Authors: Turbé Sophie 
Published: January 2016

Cet article dresse un portrait des filles fans de metal à travers un goût musical qui participe au modelage de leur image. Comment récupèrent‑elles à leur propre compte les valeurs proposées par le metal telles que la force, la puissance et la violence, traditionnellement encodées comme « masculines » ? L’article analyse le regard féminin sur cette musique et montre comment celles‑ci parviennent, à leur manière, à « brouiller le genre ».
Long-Peptide Cross-Presentation by Human Dendritic Cells Occurs in Vacuoles by Peptide Exchange on Nascent MHC Class I Molecules
Authors: Ma Wenbin , Zhang Yi , Vigneron Nathalie , Stroobant Vincent , Thielemans Kris , van der Bruggen Pierre , Van den Eynde Benoît J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Cross-presentation enables dendritic cells to present on their MHC class I molecules antigenic peptides derived from exogenous material, through a mechanism that remains partly unclear. It is particularly efficient with long peptides, which are used in cancer vaccines. We studied the mechanism of long-peptide cross-presentation using human dendritic cells and specific CTL clones against melanoma Ags gp100 and Melan-A/MART1. We found that cross-presentation of those long peptides does not depend on the proteasome or the transporter associated with Ag processing, and therefore follows a vacuolar pathway. We also observed that it makes use of newly synthesized MHC class I molecules, through peptide exchange in vesicles distinct from the endoplasmic reticulum and classical secretory pathway, in an SEC22b- and CD74-independent manner. Our results indicate a nonclassical secretion pathway followed by nascent HLA-I molecules that are used for cross-presentation of those long melanoma peptides in the vacuolar pathway. Our results may have implications for the development of vaccines based on long peptides.
Epithelial Control of Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Formation through p38α-Dependent Restraint of NF-κB Signaling
Authors: Caballero-Franco Celia , Guma Monica , Choo Min-Kyung , Sano Yasuyo , Enzler Thomas , Karin Michael , Mizoguchi Atsushi , Park Jin Mo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe protein kinase p38α mediates cellular responses to environmental and endogenous cues that direct tissue homeostasis and immune responses. Studies of mice lacking p38α in several different cell types have demonstrated that p38α signaling is essential to maintaining the proliferation–differentiation balance in developing and steady-state tissues. The mechanisms underlying these roles involve cell-autonomous control of signaling and gene expression by p38α. In this study, we show that p38α regulates gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) formation in a noncell-autonomous manner. From an investigation of mice with intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of the p38α gene, we find that p38α serves to limit NF-κB signaling and thereby attenuate GALT-promoting chemokine expression in the intestinal epithelium. Loss of this regulation results in GALT hyperplasia and, in some animals, mucosa-associated B cell lymphoma. These anomalies occur independently of luminal microbial stimuli and are most likely driven by direct epithelial–lymphoid interactions. Our study illustrates a novel p38α-dependent mechanism preventing excessive generation of epithelial-derived signals that drive lymphoid tissue overgrowth and malignancy.
Essential Roles of TIM-1 and TIM-4 Homologs in Adaptive Humoral Immunity in a Zebrafish Model
Authors: Xu Xiao-gang , Hu Jing-fang , Ma Jun-xia , Nie Li , Shao Tong , Xiang Li-xin , Shao Jian-zhong 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
TIM-1 and TIM-4 proteins have become increasingly attractive for their critical functions in immune modulation, particularly in CD4+ Th2 cell activation. Thus, these proteins were hypothesized to regulate adaptive humoral immunity. However, further evidence is needed to validate this hypothesis. This study describes the molecular and functional characteristics of TIM-1 and TIM-4 homologs from a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model (D. rerio TIM [DrTIM]-1 and DrTIM-4). DrTIM-1 and DrTIM-4 were predominantly expressed in CD4+ T cells and MHC class II+ APCs under the induction of Ag stimulation. Blockade or knockdown of both DrTIM-1 and DrTIM-4 significantly decreased Ag-specific CD4+ T cell activation, B cell proliferation, Ab production, and vaccinated immunoprotection against bacterial infection. This result suggests that DrTIM-1 and DrTIM-4 serve as costimulatory molecules required for the full activation of adaptive humoral immunity. DrTIM-1 was detected to be a trafficking protein located in the cytoplasm of CD4+ T cells. It can translocate onto the cell surface under stimulation by TIM-4–expressing APCs, which might be a precise regulatory strategy for CD4+ T cells to avoid self-activation before APCs stimulation. Furthermore, a unique alternatively spliced soluble DrTIM-4 variant was identified to exert a negative regulatory effect on the proliferation of CD4+ T cells. The above findings highlight a novel costimulatory mechanism underlying adaptive immunity. This study enriches the current knowledge on TIM-mediated immunity and provides a cross-species understanding of the evolutionary history of costimulatory systems throughout vertebrate evolution.
Autonomous open-source hardware apparatus for quantum key distribution
Authors: López Grande Ignacio H. , Schmiegelow Christian T. , Larotonda Miguel A. 
Published: January 2016

We describe an autonomous, fully functional implementation of the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol using open source hardware microcontrollers for the synchronization, communication, key sifting and real-time key generation diagnostics. The quantum bits are prepared in the polarization of weak optical pulses generated with light emitting diodes, and detected using a sole single-photon counter and a temporally multiplexed scheme. The system generates a shared cryptographic key at a rate of 365 bps, with a raw quantum bit error rate of 2.7%. A detailed description of the peripheral electronics for control, driving and communication between stages is released as supplementary material. The device can be built using simple and reliable hardware and it is presented as an alternative for a practical realization of sophisticated, yet accessible quantum key distribution systems.Received: 11 Novembre 2015, Accepted: 7 January 2016; Edited by: O. Martínez; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.080002Cite as: I H López Grande, C T Schmiegelow, M A Larotonda, Papers in Physics 8, 080002 (2016)This paper, by I H López Grande, C T Schmiegelow, M A Larotonda, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0.
Study of Pattern of Soft-tissue Lacerations of Maxillofacial Region in Relation to Etiology of Injury and its Management
Authors: Galinde Jyotsna , Khare Ravi Jayant 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTLaceration to the facial skin is commonly encountered in the care of the traumatized patient. They could occur in isolation, extend deep to involve the deeper soft-tissues and even deeper to involve the facial skeleton. The injury could be in association with other more pressing systemic injury. While attention is devoted to the bony injuries, there could be less attention to details in handling these facial lacerations leading to unsatisfactory scar.How to cite this articleKhare RJ, Galinde J. Study of Pattern of Soft-tissue Lacerations of Maxillofacial Region in Relation to Etiology of Injury and its Management. J Contemp Dent 2015; 5(2):90-92.
Virtopsy—The Scalpel Free Autopsy: A Review of Literature
Authors: Navalkar Amita Rahul 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Forensic medicine aims for the documentation of medical and other forensic findings in living and deceased persons for the police and the judiciary system. Autopsy is the scientific examination of bodies after death, where whole surface of the body as well as all the body cavities are explored to record the findings. At the same time it is also equally important to consider the sentiments of the relatives of the deceased who may get upset at conventional autopsies. So, if there exists a means by which all the findings in the body can be established without hurting anyone's sentiments should be accepted. Virtopsy or virtual autopsy is one step ahead in this field where three-dimensional (3D) scans using computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pictures are employed sans using the scalpel for performing autopsies on victims to receive more information aiding in diagnosis and contributing significantly toward forensic science. This review wishes to highlight virtopsy as an important tool in forensic imaging and identification.

How to cite this article
Navalkar AR. Virtopsy—The Scalpel Free Autopsy: A Review of Literature. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(3):168-172.
Altered Passive Eruption: Report on Management of Two Cases
Authors: Madaan Vishwas , Kini Vineet Vaman , Yadav Seema Roodmal , Padhye Ashvini M 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTExcessive gingival display while smiling is one of the significant esthetic concern for many patients. One of the etiology for this is altered passive eruption (APE). A clinician must have a thorough knowledge of the clinical presentation of this condition and methods to eliminate it in order to provide the desired esthetical and functional outcome. Periodontic plastic procedures provide the best solution to this condition not only by eliminating the excess of gingiva but also by enhancing the gingival esthetics and biological harmony.This case report highlights the clinical presentation of alter passive eruption in two patients along with sequential approach for management of such condition.How to cite this articleYadav SR, Madaan V, Kini VV, Padhye AM. Altered Passive Eruption: Report on Management of Two Cases. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(3):173-177.
Elementary Students’ Physical Activity Levels and Behavior When Using Stability Balls
Authors: Erwin Heather E. , Fedewa Alicia , Ahn Soyeon , Thornton Michelle 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Physical activity is positively related to improved student behaviors. Stability balls have been used as interventions to affect student behavior. The objective of this study was to determine whether the use of stability balls elicits more physical activity than the use of regular chairs and whether stability balls positively influence behavior.
METHOD. Participants (n = 43 fourth graders) sat on stability balls during class and wore accelerometers. Eight were randomly selected for behavioral observations using momentary time sampling.
RESULTS. Significant decreases in accelerometer counts were found. No obvious difference for on-task behaviors was found between students using stability balls and those using chairs.
CONCLUSION. Stability balls do not necessarily elicit more physical activity than do chairs; however, students accumulate light-intensity physical activity when using them. Classroom behavior was not detrimentally affected by stability ball use; thus, stability balls do not appear to detract from the classroom instructional atmosphere.
A Grenade With the Fuse Lit: William S. Burroughs and Retroactive Utopias in Cities of the Red Night
Authors: Grattan Sean 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In 1981, William S. Burroughs—often considered a writer of devastatingly apocalyptic dystopian vision—published “Cities of the Red Night,” his first foray into utopian writing. This article examines Burroughs’s conception of the “retroactive utopia.” It highlights Burroughs’s ambivalence toward utopian projects and invokes both his hope and his disappointment in the ability for utopian writing to engender political change.
Michael Flürscheim: From the Single Tax to Currency Reform
Authors: Sargent Lyman Tower 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Michael Flürscheim (1844–1912) was an important but now largely forgotten utopian of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who was at the center of a nexus of economic and social reforms focusing on the single tax, land nationalization, and an improved currency. He wrote a number of utopias in both German and English, was involved with two intentional communities, and established exchange banks in New Zealand where people could exchange goods and services directly or through the notes the banks issued.
In eine bess’re Welt entrückt: Reflections on Music and Utopia
Authors: Levitas Ruth 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Schubert’s lied An die musik celebrates music’s capacity to transport the listener or performer into a better world. That capacity renders music utopian for it is this better world and the experience of its prefiguration that is the defining character of utopianism. This article explores the ways in which music may be distinctive in its utopian force, and thus suggests several approaches to researching the underdeveloped area of music and utopia. It draws particularly on Ernst Bloch’s analysis and on work by Daniel Barenboim and Edward Said to argue that there are two distinct aspects to the ‘special case’ for music: abstraction or unutterability, and performance. Neither of these elements is straightforward, since neither is peculiar to music, although they are arguably present in music in distinct ways, rendering it qualitatively different from other forms of utopian expression.
“Utopian Punk”: The Concept of the Utopian in the Creative Practice of Björk
Authors: Webb Peter , Lynch John 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
This article is an attempt to firstly locate and situate the creative practice of Björk in the cultural and musical milieu of late 1970s, early 1980s punk and post-punk world. It traces the impacts, relevancies and typifications that were a part of this milieu and describes their affect on the development of Björk’s work. Secondly it sugg ests that this particular cultural practice worked through notions of the utopian that were and are imbued within processes of cultural hybridity and evolved through a globalized travelogue that was always a transitory moment of unification in different locations and situations. This analysis attempts to give a sense of how the utopian can be actualized momentarily in ‘pirate spaces’ but also how a body of knowledge and practical work can be developed and turned into ‘lifeworld’ practice by these continued engagements. The article utilizes and develops ideas from Schutz, Deleuze and Guattari, Bloch, Levitas and Durrschmidt.
Neonatal haemostasis
Authors: Revel-Vilk Shoshana 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe maturation and postnatal development of the human coagulation system results in significant and important differences in the coagulation and fibrinolysis of neonates and young children compared to older children and adults. Importantly, these differences, which mostly reflect the immaturity of the neonatal haemostasis system, are functionally balanced. Healthy neonates show no signs of easy bruising or other bleeding diathesis and no increased tendency to thrombosis for any given stimulus compared to adults.Systemic diseases may affect haemostasis, thus predisposing ill neonates to increased risk for haemorrhagic or thrombotic complications. In hospitalized children, neonates have increased risk of developing thrombosis compared to infants and children, mostly associated with the presence of central venous catheter. For diagnosis of haemostasis disorders, diagnostic laboratories processing pediatric samples should use age, analyzer and reagent appropriate reference ranges. Age specific guidelines should be followed for the management of neonates with hemostatic disorders.