bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sound Quality of Cochlear Implants: Studies With Single-sided Deaf Patients
Authors: Dorman Michael F. , Natale Sarah Cook , Butts Austin M. , Zeitler Daniel M. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: August 2017

Objective:
The goal of the present study was to assess the sound quality of a cochlear implant for single-sided deaf (SSD) patients fit with a cochlear implant (CI).

Background:
One of the fundamental, unanswered questions in CI research is “what does an implant sound like?” Conventional CI patients must use the memory of a clean signal, often decades old, to judge the sound quality of their CIs. In contrast, SSD-CI patients can rate the similarity of a clean signal presented to the CI ear and candidate, CI-like signals presented to the ear with normal hearing.

Methods:
For Experiment 1 four types of stimuli were created for presentation to the normal hearing ear: noise vocoded signals, sine vocoded signals, frequency shifted, sine vocoded signals and band-pass filtered, natural speech signals. Listeners rated the similarity of these signals to unmodified signals sent to the CI on a scale of 0 to 10 with 10 being a complete match to the CI signal. For Experiment 2 multitrack signal mixing was used to create natural speech signals that varied along multiple dimensions.

Results:
In Experiment 1 for eight adult SSD-CI listeners, the best median similarity rating to the sound of the CI for noise vocoded signals was 1.9; for sine vocoded signals 2.9; for frequency upshifted signals, 1.9; and for band pass filtered signals, 5.5. In Experiment 2 for three young listeners, combinations of band pass filtering and spectral smearing lead to ratings of 10.

Conclusion:
The sound quality of noise and sine vocoders does not generally correspond to the sound quality of cochlear implants fit to SSD patients. Our preliminary conclusion is that natural speech signals that have been muffled to one degree or another by band pass filtering and/or spectral smearing provide a close, but incomplete, match to CI sound quality for some patients.
Cognitive Evaluation of Cochlear Implanted Adults Using CODEX and MoCA Screening Tests
Authors: Ambert-Dahan Emmanuèle , Routier Shirley , Marot Lucie , Bouccara Didier , Sterkers Olivier , Ferrary Evelyne , Mosnier Isabelle 
Published: August 2017

Objective:
The relationship between hearing loss and cognitive function has already been established. The objective of our study was to determine whether the two short cognitive tests, COgnitive Disorders EXamination (CODEX) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), could be used in daily clinical practice to detect cognitive impairment, and its changes after cochlear implantation.

Patients:
Eighteen patients with severe to profound postlingual progressive hearing loss (mean age ± SEM: 64 ± 3.5 yr; range, 23–83 yr) were tested before, and 12 months after cochlear implantation, with adapted visual presentation of CODEX and MoCA tests. Auditory performance was tested under best-aided conditions in quiet and noise.

Results:
Twelve months after cochlear implantation, hearing performance had clearly improved (paired t tests, p < 0.05). In addition, among the eight patients who had an abnormal cognitive score before implantation, four improved their cognitive performance, and were thus considered to be normal. No major alteration of cognitive performance was observed in the 10 patients who had normal cognitive performance before implantation.

Conclusion:
CODEX and MoCA are rapid tests that could be considered to be relevant cognitive performance screening tests. They could be used in daily clinical practice to improve the multidisciplinary sensory-cognitive monitoring of the elderly population.
Recurrent Vestibular Migraine Vertigo Attacks Associated With the Development of Profound Bilateral Vestibulopathy: A Case Series
Authors: Wester Jacob L. , Ishiyama Akira , Ishiyama Gail 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) is a debilitating condition characterized by gait ataxia, oscillopsia, and imbalance.

Objective:
Case series of patients with migraine-linked vertigo spells and profound BVP.

Patient 1:
A 69-year-old man presented with a history of recurrent severe vertigo spells lasting up to 3 days in duration associated with prostrating migraine headaches starting at age 60. His symptoms were misdiagnosed as an anxiety syndrome. At age 68, electronystagmography (ENG) revealed bilaterally absent caloric responses and complete BVP. His hearing was normal.

Patient 2:
A 51-year-old man presented with a history of “earthquake-like” vertigo, sharp head pain, and phonophobia. These episodes occurred a handful of times over a 7-year period. Previous ENG testing at age 43 was normal. However, his ENG at age 48 revealed complete BVP. He was started on acetazolamide and noted improved balance, although subsequent ENG was unchanged.

Patient 3:
A 49-year-old woman presented with a history of recurrent migraines with visual aura associated with vertigo lasting 1 hour. ENG at age 50 revealed complete BVP. Subjectively, she noted improved balance with acetazolamide and subsequent ENG demonstrated mild improvement.

Patient 4:
A 43-year-old man presented with a 5-year history of optical migraines and recurrent vertigo spells, lasting 30 seconds, which was misdiagnosed as positional vertigo. He additionally had a 10-year history of oscillopsia. ENG at age 61 revealed complete BVP.

Conclusion:
In these cases, vestibular migraine was linked to recurrent vertigo spells that eventually led to complete bilateral vestibulopathy.
Mice with cancer-induced bone pain show a marked decline in day/night activity
Authors: Majuta Lisa A. , Guedon Jean-Marc G. , Mitchell Stefanie A.T. , Kuskowski Michael A. , Mantyh Patrick W. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Introduction:
Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is the most common type of pain with cancer. In humans, this pain can be difficult to control and highly disabling. A major problem with CIBP in humans is that it increases on weight-bearing and/or movement of a tumor-bearing bone limiting the activity and functional status of the patient. Currently, there is less data concerning whether similar negative changes in activity occur in rodent models of CIBP.

Objectives:
To determine whether there are marked changes in activity in a rodent model of CIBP and compare this to changes in skin hypersensitivity.

Methods:
Osteosarcoma cells were injected and confined to 1 femur of the adult male mouse. Every 7 days, spontaneous horizontal and vertical activities were assessed over a 20-hour day and night period using automated activity boxes. Mechanical hypersensitivity of the hind paw skin was assessed using von Frey testing.

Results:
As the tumor cells grew within the femur, there was a significant decline in horizontal and vertical activity during the times of the day/night when the mice are normally most active. Mice also developed significant hypersensitivity in the skin of the hind paw in the tumor-bearing limb.

Conclusion:
Even when the tumor is confined to a single load-bearing bone, CIBP drives a significant loss of activity, which increases with disease progression. Understanding the mechanisms that drive this reduction in activity may allow the development of therapies that allow CIBP patients to better maintain their activity and functional status.
Pharmacoeconomics of genotyping-based treatment decisions in patients with chronic pain
Authors: Morlock Robert , Braunstein Glenn D. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Introduction:
Genotyping-based treatment decisions may optimize treatment response and minimize adverse drug events (ADEs) in patients with chronic pain.

Objectives:
To estimate the financial impact of genotyping-based treatment decisions in patients with moderate to severe chronic pain in a managed care setting.

Methods:
A budget impact model was built with a 1-year time horizon to estimate costs of genotyping-based treatment decisions in a 1000-patient cohort. The model includes drug costs, type and cost of ADEs, distribution of treatments used, and genotyping costs. Event rates and health care costs were derived from primary literature. Three patient cohorts were assessed with and without genotyping-based treatment decisions: no genetic testing; 50% genetic testing; and 100% genetic testing. Sensitivity analysis was performed varying costs, adherence, and the percentage of patients treated according to genotyping results.

Results:
Medical and ADE costs varied by patient severity and genotyping rates. Without genotyping, drug and ADE costs ranged from $1,544,377 to $24,313,844. With genotyping-based treatment, total costs ranged from $1,780,922 to $18,868,032. Sensitivity analysis, varying costs, adherence, and genotyping rates suggested genotyping improves outcomes and is cost saving in patients with chronic pain.

Conclusion:
Genotyping-based treatment costs are offset by reduced medication utilization and adverse event costs. Genotyping should be considered for patients with chronic pain in clinical practice and within clinical trials.
Quantitative Evaluation of Diffusion and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Differentiation Between Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma and Glioblastoma
Authors: Lu Shanshan , Wang Siqi , Gao Qianqian , Zhou Minlin , Li Yang , Cao Peng , Hong Xunning , Shi Haibin 
Published: August 2017

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the utility of diffusion and permeability parameters derived from diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for differentiating primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and to assess the correlation among these parameters.

Materials and Methods
Forty-two patients with GBM and 18 patients with PCNSL underwent conventional 3.0-T MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, and DCE-MRI before surgery. Normalized apparent diffusion coefficient ratio (rADC) and DCE-MRI–derived parameters (the volume transfer constant [Ktrans], the flux rate constant, the volume fraction of extravascular extracellular space [Ve], and the fractional plasma volume) were measured within the entire enhancing tumor and compared between the 2 groups. The diagnostic ability of each parameter and their optimal combination for differentiating between PCNSL and GBM, and the correlation among these parameters, were statistically analyzed.

Results
The PCNSLs demonstrated significantly lower rADC (P = 0.000), higher Ktrans (P = 0.000), and higher Ve (P = 0.001) than GBMs. With the combination of rADC and Ktrans, the diagnostic ability for discriminating between PCNSL and GBM was significantly improved (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.930) as compared with rADC (AUC = 0.858) and Ktrans (AUC = 0.852) alone (P < 0.001 for both). The rADC did not correlate with Ktrans or Ve derived from DCE-MRI.

Conclusions
Apparent diffusion coefficient ratio, Ktrans, and Ve are useful parameters for differentiating between PCNSL and GBM. The combination of rADC and Ktrans helps to improve the diagnostic accuracy. The rADC may not show correlation with Ktrans or Ve.
Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System: Discordance Between Computed Tomography and Gadoxetate-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Major Features
Authors: Chernyak Victoria , Flusberg Milana , Law Amy , Kobi Mariya , Paroder Viktoriya , Rozenblit Alla M. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The goal of this study was to compare agreement between computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of the major Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) features used in assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma: arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE), portal venous phase washout (WO), capsule appearance (capsule), and largest diameter (diameter).

Methods
Patients with liver protocol CT and gadoxetate-enhanced MRI within 1 month of each other and at least 1 discrete untreated liver lesion were included. Two readers independently reviewed hepatic arterial phase and portal venous phase of each lesion on both CT and MRI, presented at random. The APHE, WO, capsule, and diameter were assessed for each lesion on CT and MRI. The LI-RADS category was assigned based on the recorded major features. Interobserver agreements between the readers for both imaging modalities and for each of the major features were assessed using κ statistics. Agreement between CT and MRI for each reader and for each feature was assessed using κ statistics. Agreement was interpreted based on κ as follows: 0.20 or less, slight agreement; 0.21 to 0.40, fair agreement; 0.41 to 0.60, moderate agreement; 0.61 to 0.80, substantial agreement; and 0.81 to 1.00, almost perfect agreement. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess concordance of diameter measurements.

Results
There were 42 patients (mean age, 62.2 ± 7.0 years; 33 men [78.6%]) with 50 lesions. On CT, the interobserver agreement between the readers was almost perfect for APHE (κ = 0.85), WO (κ = 0.83), and capsule (κ = 0.86). On MRI, the interobserver agreement between the readers was almost perfect for APHE (κ = 0.86) and WO (κ = 0.83) and moderate for capsule (κ = 0.59). Intraclass correlation coefficient for diameter measurement was 0.99 for CT and 0.98 for MRI. For reader 1, the agreement between CT and MRI was fair for APHE (κ = 0.39) and capsule (κ = 0.26) and moderate for WO (κ = 0.49). For reader 2, the agreement between CT and MRI was moderate for APHE (κ = 0.43) and capsule (κ = 0.43) and fair (κ = 0.38) for WO. Agreement between readers for final LI-RADS category was substantial for CT (κ = 0.79) and moderate for MRI (κ = 0.60). Agreement for final LI-RADS categories between MRI and CT was fair for both reader 1 (κ = 0.33) and reader 2 (κ = 0.39).

Conclusions
Interobserver agreement for the major LI-RADS features varies from moderate to almost perfect, for both CT and MRI. However, the agreement between CT and MRI for each of the major LI-RADS features is poor, ranging from fair to moderate. This poor agreement contributes to substantial differences between final LI-RADS category assigned on CT versus MRI.
The Value of Quality-Assured Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breast for the Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Asymptomatic Women
Authors: Fischer Uwe , Luftner-Nagel Susanne , Baum Friedemann , Marten-Engelke Katharina , Wienbeck Susanne 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the exclusive performance of quality-assured high-resolution breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for early detection of breast cancer in a population of asymptomatic women.

Materials and Methods
A total of 1189 MRI examinations performed in 789 asymptomatic women (mean age, 51.1 years) were evaluated. All examinations were performed using open bilateral surface coil, dedicated compression device, and high spatial resolution (matrix, 512 × 512). Digital mammography was available for all participants. Assessment included density types, artifact level, and Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification. Evaluation was performed by 2 readers. In addition, a computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) system was used for image assessment.

Results
Breast MRI showed density types I and II in 87.6% and artifacts categories III and IV in 3.1%. Study included 32 carcinomas (8 ductal carcinoma in situ, 24 invasive tumors). Both readers detected 29 of 32 correctly (sensitivity 90.6%). The variation between the readers was low (reader 1: specificity, 94.4% and positive predictive value (PPV), 25.7%; reader 2: specificity, 97.6% and PPV, 34.1%). Sensitivity of CAD was 62.5% (specificity, 84.4%; PPV, 5.2%). Digital mammography detected 13 of 32 carcinomas (sensitivity, 56.3%; specificity, 98.4%; PPV, 32.1%).

Conclusions
The exclusive use of quality-assured breast MRI allows the early detection of breast cancer with a high sensitivity and specificity. The CAD analysis of MRI does not give additional information but shows results comparable with digital mammography.
Transient Segmental Enhancement of Pyogenic Liver Abscess: A Comparison Between Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Computed Tomography
Authors: Sun Kun , Zhu Wei , Luo Yan , Li Yongzhong , Zhou Xiang 
Published: August 2017

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the transient segmental enhancement (TSE) of liver abscesses on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans.

Methods
In total, 42 abscesses in 38 patients were evaluated with real-time CEUS and contrast-enhanced CT imaging. The CT imaging and CEUS examinations were performed within one to 2 days of each other in all cases. The initial reports of the observations of TSE on CEUS scans were correlated later with the findings of TSE on contrast-enhanced CT images. Contrast-enhanced CT was used as the reference standard to evaluate the presence of TSE. Relationships between the 2 groups were analyzed using the χ2 test. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results
In 16 patients, 16 typical TSE signs were shown by CEUS. Meanwhile, enhanced CT imaging showed 18 typical signs of TSE in 17 patients. We identified 38 patients with hepatic abscesses proven by needle aspiration (10 patients) or image-guided biopsy (28 patients). Ten patients had hepatobiliary cholelithiasis, 5 had diabetes mellitus type 2, and 2 had gastric cancer, whereas no evidence of underlying hepatobiliary or gastrointestinal diseases was found in the other 21 patients. Considering that enhanced CT is the reference standard for the diagnosis of hepatic abscesses, the sensitivity of CEUS in showing TSE was 89%, and the specificity was 100%. The χ2 test indicated that CEUS and enhanced CT were significantly correlated for detection of hepatic perfusion disorders (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The appearance of TSE in liver abscess was reliably detected by CEUS, which correlated well with the enhanced CT images (P < 0.05).
Computed Tomography Image Quality Evaluation of a New Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm in the Abdomen (Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction–V) a Comparison With Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction, Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction, and Filtered Back Projection Reconstructions
Authors: Goodenberger Martin H. , Wagner-Bartak Nicolaus A. , Gupta Shiva , Liu Xinming , Yap Ramon Q. , Sun Jia , Tamm Eric P. , Jensen Corey T. 
Published: August 2017

Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare abdominopelvic computed tomography images reconstructed with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction–V (ASIR-V) with model-based iterative reconstruction (Veo 3.0), ASIR, and filtered back projection (FBP).

Methods and Materials
Abdominopelvic computed tomography scans for 36 patients (26 males and 10 females) were reconstructed using FBP, ASIR (80%), Veo 3.0, and ASIR-V (30%, 60%, 90%). Mean ± SD patient age was 32 ± 10 years with mean ± SD body mass index of 26.9 ± 4.4 kg/m2. Images were reviewed by 2 independent readers in a blinded, randomized fashion. Hounsfield unit, noise, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values were calculated for each reconstruction algorithm for further comparison. Phantom evaluation of low-contrast detectability (LCD) and high-contrast resolution was performed.

Results
Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction–V 30%, ASIR-V 60%, and ASIR 80% were generally superior qualitatively compared with ASIR-V 90%, Veo 3.0, and FBP (P < 0.05). Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction–V 90% showed superior LCD and had the highest CNR in the liver, aorta, and, pancreas, measuring 7.32 ± 3.22, 11.60 ± 4.25, and 4.60 ± 2.31, respectively, compared with the next best series of ASIR-V 60% with respective CNR values of 5.54 ± 2.39, 8.78 ± 3.15, and 3.49 ± 1.77 (P <0.0001). Veo 3.0 and ASIR 80% had the best and worst spatial resolution, respectively.

Conclusions
Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction–V 30% and ASIR-V 60% provided the best combination of qualitative and quantitative performance. Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction 80% was equivalent qualitatively, but demonstrated inferior spatial resolution and LCD.
Quality and Safety in Health Care, Part XXX
Authors: Harolds Jay A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Initially, the transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedure was approved only for patients with aortic stenosis that was both severe and symptomatic who either also had too high a risk of aortic valve replacement surgery to have the surgery or who had a high risk for the surgery. Between the years 2012 and 2015, the death rate at 30 days declined from an initial rate of 7.5% to 4.6%. There has also been more use of the transfemoral approach over the years. In 2016, the transcatheter aortic valve replacement was approved for patients with aortic stenosis at intermediate risk of surgery.
Quality and Safety in Health Care, Part XXXI
Authors: Harolds Jay A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry has been very helpful in providing data to better understand patient risk factors for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The outcome of TAVR depends on many patient indicators, some of which are given in this article, including the age, dependence on oxygen, classification of pulmonary disease, gender, and the speed of walking. Patient characteristics also help determine which approach will be used to place the device. There are models for the outcome of the TAVR procedure now and more being developed.
18F-FDG PET/CT of Brown Adipose Tissue Hyperactivation Associated With Pregnancy and Paraganglioma
Authors: Maffione Anna Margherita , Rampin Lucia , Chondrogiannis Sotirios , Marzola Maria Cristina , Colletti Patrick M. , Rubello Domenico 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This 32-year-old woman presented with pregnancy-related arterial hypertension unresponsive to antihypertensive therapy. During cesarean delivery, a lobulated retroperitoneal mass was discovered. 18F-FDG PET/CT performed 18 days postpartum demonstrated the hyperactive retroperitoneal mass and extensive hyperactivated brown adipose tissue. The mass was surgically removed, revealing a para-aortic multicentric paraganglioma. After surgery, blood pressure normalized, and serum chromogranin A and urinary metanephrines normalized. Brown adipose tissue hypermetabolism disappeared on follow-up FDG PET. Her initial FDG PET demonstrated brown adipose tissue hyperactivation, which may have been caused by the combination of hormonal changes in pregnancy and the paraganglioma.