bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of the ACE Inhibitor Captopril in Mitigating Radiation-associated Pulmonary Toxicity in Lung Cancer
Authors: Small William , James Jennifer L. , Moore Timothy D. , Fintel Dan J. , Lutz Stephen T. , Movsas Benjamin , Suntharalingam Mohan , Garces Yolanda I. , Ivker Robert , Moulder John , Pugh Stephanie , Berk Lawrence B. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives:
The primary objective of NRG Oncology Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0123 was to test the ability of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril to alter the incidence of pulmonary damage after radiation therapy for lung cancer; secondary objectives included analyzing pulmonary cytokine expression, quality of life, and the long-term effects of captopril.

Materials and Methods:
Eligible patients included stage II-IIIB non–small cell lung cancer, stage I central non–small cell lung cancer, or limited-stage small cell. Patients who met eligibility for randomization at the end of radiotherapy received either captopril or standard care for 1 year. The captopril was to be escalated to 50 mg three times a day. Primary endpoint was incidence of grade 2+ radiation-induced pulmonary toxicity in the first year.

Results:
Eighty-one patients were accrued between June 2003 and August 2007. Given the low accrual rate, the study was closed early. No significant safety issues were encountered. Eight patients were ineligible for registration or withdrew consent before randomization and 40 patients were not randomized postradiation. Major reasons for nonrandomization included patients’ refusal and physician preference. Of the 33 randomized patients, 20 were analyzable (13 observation, 7 captopril). The incidence of grade 2+ pulmonary toxicity attributable to radiation therapy was 23% (3/13) in the observation arm and 14% (1/7) in the captopril arm.

Conclusions:
Despite significant resources and multiple amendments, NRG Oncology Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0123 was unable to test the hypothesis that captopril mitigates radiation-induced pulmonary toxicity. It did show the safety of such an approach and the use of newer angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors started during radiotherapy may solve the accrual problems.
Breaking bad news in the emergency department: a comparative analysis among residents, patients and family members’ perceptions
Authors: Toutin-Dias Gabriela , Daglius-Dias Roger , Scalabrini-Neto Augusto 
Published: April 2016

Objective
Our main objective was to assess patient and family members’ perception of bad news communication in the emergency department (ED) and compare these with physicians’ perceptions.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study carried out at the ED of a tertiary teaching hospital. To compare physicians’ and receivers’ (patient and/or family member) perceptions, we created a survey based on the six attributes derived from the SPIKES protocol. The surveys were applied immediately after communication of bad news occurred in the ED. We analyzed agreement among participants using κ-statistics and the χ
2-test to compare proportions.

Results
A total of 73 bad news communication encounters were analyzed. The survey respondents were 73 physicians, 69 family members, and four patients. In general, there is a low level of agreement between physicians’ and receivers’ perceptions of how breaking bad news transpired. The satisfaction level of receivers, in terms of breaking bad news by doctors, presented a mean of 3.7±0.6 points. In contrast, the physicians’ perception of the communication was worse (2.9±0.6 points), with P value less than 0.001.

Conclusion
Doctors and receivers disagree in relation to what transpired throughout bad news communications. Discrepancies were more evident in issues involving emotion, invitation, and privacy. An important agreement between perceptions was found in technical and knowledge-related aspects of the communication.
Emergency department resource utilization during Ramadan: distinct and reproducible patterns over a 4-year period in Abu Dhabi
Authors: Balhara Kamna S. , Levin Scott , Cole Gai , Scheulen James , Anton Xavier P. , Rahiman Hameed Ali Fazlur , Stewart de Ramirez Sarah A. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives
Emergency Department (ED) patient arrivals vary daily and change considerably during holidays, posing challenges to resource allocation. Ramadan, during which observant Muslims follow a daily fasting period for ∼30 days, could represent a unique annual circumstance that predictably alters ED arrivals in predominantly Muslim populations. Our study examined an adult and pediatric ED in the United Arab Emirates to determine whether arrival patterns and patient characteristics differed during Ramadan.

Methods
Hourly arrivals, census (number of patients in ED at any given time), and visit characteristics were retrospectively compared for Ramadan versus non-Ramadan periods over 4 years (2010–2013). Hourly arrivals and census were plotted using two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. Differences in characteristics were examined using the χ
2-test and Wilcoxon rank sum tests.

Results
Ramadan adult and pediatric ED arrival patterns differed significantly (P<0.001) from non-Ramadan days, with sharp decreases after the fast was broken around 6 p.m. (sunset), followed by steep increases by 8:30 pm. The median daily adult arrivals were similar [143 (Ramadan) vs. 148 (non-Ramadan); P=0.060], with slightly decreased length-of-stay (7%; P<0.001) during Ramadan. The median daily pediatric arrivals were lower during Ramadan (43 vs. 57; P<0.001), with decreased length-of-stay (20%; P<0.001). Arrival pattern shifts led to significant census redistribution to evening hours. Patient characteristics were similar during both periods.

Conclusion
A distinct, predictable pattern of arrivals emerged during Ramadan. EDs serving predominantly Muslim populations or anticipating increases in Muslim patients in their catchment region may benefit from advanced planning for efficient distribution of provider hours during Ramadan.
Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Children With Potential Celiac Disease
Authors: Repo Marleena , Lindfors Katri , Mäki Markku , Huhtala Heini , Laurila Kaija , Lähdeaho Marja‐Leena , Saavalainen Päivi , Kaukinen Katri , Kurppa Kalle 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Active screening for celiac disease frequently detects seropositive children with normal villous morphology (potential celiac disease). It remains unclear whether these subjects should be treated. We here investigated the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in children with potential and mucosal atrophy celiac disease.Methods:The prospective study involved 19 children with potential disease, 67 with partial or subtotal villous atrophy (P/SVA), and 16 with total villous atrophy (TVA). Twenty‐three healthy children comprised the control group. The groups were compared for various clinical, histological, and laboratory parameters and hepcidin.Results:The prevalence of abnormal parameters was as follows (controls, potential celiac disease, P/SVA, and TVA, respectively): anemia 0%, 15%, 22%, and 63%; low iron 5%, 0%, 14%, and 50%; increased transferrin receptor 1 5%, 16%, 20%, and 47%; low ferritin 0%, 21%, 35%, and 87%; and low transferrin saturation 10%, 11%, 41%, and 71%. One subject had low folate and none had low vitamin B12. The median values for hemoglobin, total iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation were significantly lower and transferrin receptor 1 values higher in TVA group compared with other groups. After a median of 7 months on a gluten‐free diet hemoglobin, total iron, ferritin, and albumin in children with P/SVA exceeded the baseline values in the potential celiac disease group.Conclusions:The development of anemia and iron deficiency in celiac disease is a continuum and may already be present in children with normal villous morphology, advocating an early diagnosis and possible dietary treatment of these patients.
Soft Tissue Myoepithelial Carcinoma in a Child: Case Report
Authors: Fedhila Ben Ayed Faten , Douira Khomsi Wiem , Rhayem Samar , Doghri Raoudha , Khemiri Monia , Barsaoui Sihem 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Myoepithelial carcinoma was only recently recognized to occur primarily in soft tissue. Only a small number has been reported in children.

Observation:
We report a rare case of myoepithelial carcinoma of the leg in a 4-month-old boy with a good response to chemotherapy initially. However, he presented secondarily during chemotherapy a local and metastatic progression.

Conclusions:
The rarity of the tumor and unusual age of discovery have prompted us to report this case. Our case suggests that this disease can have an aggressive behavior. This is why we advise a rapid and correct diagnosis followed by an aggressive treatment.
Power and sample size calculations for fMRI studies based on the prevalence of active peaks
Authors: Durnez Joke , Degryse Jasper , Moerkerke Beatrijs , Seurinck Ruth , Sochat Vanessa , Poldrack Russell A. , Nichols Thomas E. 
Published: April 2016

HighlightsThe manuscript presents a method to calculate sample sizes for fMRI experimentsThe power analysis is based on the estimation of the mixture distribution of null and active peaksThe methodology is validated with simulated and real data.1AbstractMounting evidence over the last few years suggest that published neuroscience research suffer from low power, and especially for published fMRI experiments. Not only does low power decrease the chance of detecting a true effect, it also reduces the chance that a statistically significant result indicates a true effect (Ioannidis, 2005). Put another way, findings with the least power will be the least reproducible, and thus a (prospective) power analysis is a critical component of any paper. In this work we present a simple way to characterize the spatial signal in a fMRI study with just two parameters, and a direct way to estimate these two parameters based on an existing study. Specifically, using just (1) the proportion of the brain activated and (2) the average effect size in activated brain regions, we can produce closed form power calculations for given sample size, brain volume and smoothness. This procedure allows one to minimize the cost of an fMRI experiment, while preserving a predefined statistical power. The method is evaluated and illustrated using simulations and real neuroimaging data from the Human Connectome Project. The procedures presented in this paper are made publicly available in an online web-based toolbox available atwww.neuropowertools.org.
A knowledge-based theory of the firm: managing innovation in biotechnology
Authors: Chen Jin , Jiao Hao , Zhao Xiaoting 
Published: April 2016

PurposeBased on the knowledge-based view (KBV), the purpose of this study is to explore the impact of scientific knowledge resources on innovative performance, as well as the mechanisms, in the science-based innovation practice of biotechnological industry. How scientific knowledge influences the firms’ innovative performance and how external scientific knowledge flows into the firms efficiently are important issues every high-tech firms must consider.Design/methodology/approachThe authors chose biopharmaceutical firms in China as the sample of this study to empirically test the hypotheses.FindingsThe study introduces a framework combining scientific knowledge resources, technological capabilities and innovative performance and, then, follows with an empirical investigation on firms in Chinese biotechnological industry. Survey data from biopharmaceutical firms in China prove the significantly positive impact of both stocks and flows of scientific knowledge on firms’ innovative performance, as well as the significant mediation effect, of technological capability.Practical implicationsFrom the results of this study, the authors derive the important managerial implications that talent exchange, purchasing external knowledge directly and establishing R&D alliances are three effective ways leading external scientific knowledge to flow into the firms.Originality/valueThe study finds that technological capability plays an intermediary role between scientific knowledge resource and innovative performance; tacit scientific knowledge stock and R&D alliance influence innovative performance through technological capability totally among them.
A reversal theory in internationalization: case of Korean jewelry inside China
Authors: Hwang Yong-Sik , Chen Dong 
Published: April 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to examine Korean jewelry manufacturers operating in China to assess the relationship between their perceptions of external risks and their intentions to relocate. The authors hypothesize that foreign firms finding risk in the current external environment are more likely to consider moving their facilities outside China. In particular, this paper explores whether firm performance and technological capability moderate the relationship between perceived external risk and relocation intentions.Design/methodology/approachKorean jewelry manufacturers were among the first Korean firms entering China in the early 1990s to avoid Korea’s rising labor costs. After 20 years, they face similar external risks in China. The authors collected and analyzed 238 survey samples from Korean jewelry manufacturers operating in China to determine whether perceived external risks affect decisions to relocate. Logistic regression was used to examine the hypotheses. In addition to an empirical method, five case studies related to empirical results have been included.FindingsAnalysis results suggest that firms perceiving riskier managerial and competitive environments are more likely to have relocation intentions. Perceptions of risks from the governmental/political environment and macroeconomic environment have no significant relationship with relocation intentions. Also, firms’ performance and technological capability negatively moderate the relationship between perceptions of managerial competitive environment risks and relocation intentions.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on international business relocation strategies by examining perceptions of external risks that determine whether foreign manufacturing firms will relocate. In addition, the research sheds light on the transformation of Chinese economics from labor-intensive to capital-, technological- and knowledge-intensive structures. By applying multi-methods, this research further elaborates empirical results with five case studies.
The influence of organisational commitment and corporate ethical values on non-public accountants’ whistle-blowing intentions in Barbados
Authors: Alleyne Philmore 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of organisational commitment (OC) and corporate ethical values (CEV) on the whistle-blowing intentions of non-public accountants in Barbados.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study uses a sample of 236 self-administered questionnaires from non-public accountants working in corporate organisations.

Findings
– OC and CEV significantly influence internal and external whistle-blowing intentions. Non-public accountants with high OC, who also operate in organisations with strong perceived CEV, are more likely to exhibit high internal whistle-blowing intentions and low external whistle-blowing intentions. Non-public accountants with high perceived personal costs, low OC and a low degree of trust and confidence in the reporting systems, cite a general reluctance to whistle-blow internally and externally.

Research limitations/implications
– The findings may not be generalisable to other professions. In addition, it utilises a quantitative survey method, which does not allow for further investigation of non-public accountants’ perceptions and feelings.

Practical implications
– The study can assist firms in developing effective whistle-blowing mechanisms. The findings show the importance of high OC, strong CEV and reduced personal costs in a whistle-blowing framework.

Originality/value
– This study provides evidence of the influence of OC and CEV on whistle-blowing among members of the accounting profession in an emerging economy. The study also provides a whistle-blowing matrix and discusses the unique social and cultural factors influencing the whistle-blowing process in Barbados.
Flexibility in use
Authors: Hoendervanger Jan Gerard , De Been Iris , Van Yperen Nico W. , Mobach Mark P. , Albers Casper J. 
Published: April 2016

PurposeDespite their growing popularity among organisations, satisfaction with activity-based work (ABW) environments is found to be below expectations. Research also suggests that workers typically do not switch frequently, or not at all, between different activity settings. Hence, the purpose of this study is to answer two main questions: Is switching behaviour related to satisfaction with ABW environments? Which factors may explain switching behaviour?Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaire data provided by users of ABW environments (n= 3,189) were used to carry out ANOVA and logistic regression analyses.FindingsSatisfaction ratings of the 4 per cent of the respondents who switched several times a day appeared to be significantly above average. Switching frequency was found to be positively related to heterogeneity of the activity profile, share of communication work and external mobility.Practical implicationsOur findings suggest that satisfaction with ABW environments might be enhanced by stimulating workers to switch more frequently. However, as strong objections against switching were observed and switching frequently does not seem to be compatible with all work patterns, this will presumably not work for everyone. Many workers are likely to be more satisfied if provided with an assigned (multifunctional) workstation.Originality/valueIn a large representative sample, clear evidence was found for relationships between behavioural aspects and appreciation of ABW environments that had not been studied previously.
Molecular mechanisms for tumour resistance to chemotherapy
Authors: Pan Shu‐Ting , Li Zhi‐Ling , He Zhi‐Xu , Qiu Jia‐Xuan , Zhou Shu‐Feng 
Published: April 2016

SummaryChemotherapy is one of the prevailing methods used to treat malignant tumours, but the outcome and prognosis of tumour patients are not optimistic. Cancer cells gradually generate resistance to almost all chemotherapeutic drugs via a variety of distinct mechanisms and pathways. Chemotherapeutic resistance, either intrinsic or acquired, is caused and sustained by reduced drug accumulation and increased drug export, alterations in drug targets and signalling transduction molecules, increased repair of drug‐induced DNA damage, and evasion of apoptosis. In order to better understand the mechanisms of chemoresistance, this review highlights our current knowledge of the role of altered drug metabolism and transport and deregulation of apoptosis and autophagy in the development of tumour chemoresistance. Reduced intracellular activation of prodrugs (e.g. thiotepa and tegafur) or enhanced drug inactivation by Phase I and II enzymes contributes to the development of chemoresistance. Both primary and acquired resistance can be caused by alterations in the transport of anticancer drugs which is mediated by a variety of drug transporters such as P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), multidrug resistance associated proteins, and breast cancer resistance protein. Presently there is a line of evidence indicating that deregulation of programmed cell death including apoptosis and autophagy is also an important mechanism for tumour resistance to anticancer drugs. Reversal of chemoresistance is likely via pharmacological and biological approaches. Further studies are warranted to grasp the full picture of how each type of cancer cells develop resistance to anticancer drugs and to identify novel strategies to overcome it.
Adherence of probiotic bacteria to human colon epithelial cells and inhibitory effect against enteric pathogens – In vitro study
Authors: Adriana Nowak , Ilona Motyl , Katarzyna Śliżewska , Zdzisława Libudzisz , Elżbieta Klewicka 
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the anti‐adherence properties of three probiotic lactobacillus strains (Lb. rhamnosus 0900, Lb. rhamnosus 0908 and Lb. casei 0919), and their mixture against pathogens: Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 using Caco‐2 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. All strains of lactobacilli and the probiotic mixture to the greatest extent inhibited adherence of S. Typhimurium, up to 91%. Lb. rhamnosus 0900 inhibited E. coli by 75.9%, and Lb. casei 0919 decreased adherence of C. albicans by 49%. All pathogens activated the adherence of the mixture of probiotic bacteria.
Ultraviolet‐C Light Sanitization of English Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Packaged in Polyethylene Film
Authors: Abdussamad Tarek R. , Rasco Barbara. A. , Sablani Shyam S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFood safety is becoming an increasing concern in the United States. This study investigated the effects of ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) light as a postpackaging bactericidal treatment on the quality of English cucumber packaged in polyethylene (PE) film. Escherichia coli k‐12 was used as a surrogate microbe. The microbial growth and physical properties of packaged cucumbers were analyzed during a 28‐d storage period at 5 °C. Inoculating packaged cucumbers treated at 23 °C for 6 min with UV‐C (560 mJ/cm2) resulted in a 1.60 log CFU/g reduction. However, this treatment had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the water vapor transmission rate or oxygen transmission rate of the PE film. Results show that UV‐C light treatment delayed the loss of firmness and yellowing of English cucumber up to 28 d at 5 °C. In addition, UV‐C light treatment extended the shelf life of treated cucumber 1 wk longer compared to untreated cucumbers. Electron microscopy images indicate that UV‐C light treatment influences the morphology of the E. coli k‐12 cells. Findings demonstrate that treating cucumbers with UV‐C light following packaging in PE film can reduce bacterial populations significantly and delay quality loss. This technology may also be effective for other similarly packaged fresh fruits and vegetables.
Revisiting Late Quaternary Slip‐rate along the Maqu Segment of the Eastern Kunlun Fault, Northeast Tibet
Authors: Jian LI , Yueqiao ZHANG , Hailong LI , Jinhong XIONG , Jianhua LI , Tairan WU 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Late Quaternary slip rate along the Maqu segment of the eastern Kunlun Fault was estimated using a combination of high‐resolution remote sensing imagery interpretation, field observations and differential Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements of offset river terraces, and 14C dating of snail shells collected from offset risers. The results show that the left‐slip rate along the segment is 3–5 mm/a, and that the vertical slip rate is 0.3–0.5 mm/a. Both the horizontal and vertical slips on the segment remain consistent over a distance of ∼100 km. It means that no slip gradient as previously suggested occurred along the Maqu segment, and which thus might behave as an independent seismogenic fault. Judging from multiple relationships among young terrace offsets, we infer that co‐seismic surface rupture produced by a characteristic earthquake with a magnitude of Ms7.0–7.5 on the Maqu fault could generate a horizontal slip of 4.5–5 m and a vertical slip of 0.45–0.5 m, with a corresponding ratio (Dh/Dv) of about 9. Two surface rupture events must have occurred over the past 3300 years, the latest one possibly between 1485 cal BP and 1730 cal BP.