bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Web 2.0 technologies to add value to the IUPAC Solubility Data Series: development of a REST style website and application programming interface (API)
Authors: Chalk Stuart J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper details an approach to re-purposing scientific data as presented on a web page for the sole purpose of making the data more available for searching and integration into other websites. Data ‘scraping’ is used to extract metadata from a set of pages on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) website, clean, organize and store the metadata in a MySQL database. The metadata is then used to create a new website at the authors institution using the CakePHP framework to create a representational state transfer (REST) style application program interface (API). The processes used for website analysis, schema development, database construction, metadata scraping, REST API development, and remote data integration are discussed. Lessons learned and tips and tricks on how to get the most out of the process are also included.
Four Species Of Caloplaca S.L. (Lichenized Ascomycota, Teloschistaceae) New For Poland
Authors: Wilk Karina 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFour calcicolous species of the genus Caloplaca s.l., C. concreticola Vondrák & Khodosovtsev, C. interfulgens (Nyl.) J. Steiner, C. isidiigera Vězda and C. scabrosa Søchting, Lorentsen & Arup, representing various taxonomic groups, are reported as new for Poland, with brief taxonomic remarks and information on their habitat and distribution given.
Continental Atlas of Poland for Automobilists – the first road atlas in the independent Poland
Authors: Rutkowski Jan 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The 90th anniversary of the appearance of Atlas Polski Continental dla automobilistów (Continental Atlas of Poland for Automobilists) published by Continental Caoutchouc Compagnie Ltd Warsaw is nearing. The Atlas was the first publication of its kind after Poland had regained its independence in 1918.
After mentioning the earlier 19th and the beginning of 20th century road maps, mainly from the region known as the Kingdom of Poland being at the time under the rule of the Russian Empire, the author of the article discusses the Continental road atlas.
The date of publishing the Continental road atlas is not known, therefore in the article the author makes an attempt at establishing it on the basis of the map’s contents: railroad lines, settlement network and administrative borders. Unfortunately, the study does not allow one to unequivocally state the date of publication due to numerous shortcomings in the map’s contents. Nevertheless, the date may be estimated as the beginning of the year 1926.
The atlas consists of 20 single-sided map sheets (foldouts) at the scale of 1:1,000,000, which cover the whole territory of Poland as well as some parts of neighboring countries, and a general map showing the division into sheets. The maps’ main contents consists of five categories of roads marked in red. Their background is composed of railroad lines, towns and villages in seven size classes according to the number of inhabitants, water network, some peaks and passes as well as mountain range names. Explanations of map symbols in the legend are given in five languages: Polish, Russian, German, French, English.
The atlas very clearly shows the differences in the density and quality of roads between the regions of the Prussian and Austrian partitions and the road infrastructure-wise neglected Russian partition, especially its eastern part. Apart from mileage information for roads, the maps do not contain additional information specifically for motorists. They do not even show petrol stations or auto repair shops.
What is really worth praise is the sole idea of creating such an automobile atlas and publishing it in 10,000 copies, a copy for every other Polish driver at the time! The fact speaks for the publisher’s, Continental Caoutchouc Compagnie’s, perspective. Despite numerous shortcomings discussed in the article, the Continental Atlas of Poland for Automobilists remains an unique work, which gave a beginning to a new kind of maps in Poland.
A Hermeneutical Analysis of the InternalistApproachin the Philosophy of Sport
Authors: Frias Francisco Javier Lopez , Monfort Xavier Gimeno 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we make a hermeneutical analysis of internalism, the dominant tradition in the philosophy of sports. In order to accomplish this, we identify the prejudices that guide the internalist view of sports, namely the Platonic-Analytic prejudice introduced by Suits, one of the forefathers of internalism. Then, we critically analyze four consequences of following such a prejudice: a) its reductive nature, b) the production of a unrealistic view of sports, c) the vagueness of the idea of excellence; and d) the leap from the descriptive analysis of the sporting phenomenon to the setting of normative requirements for the practice of sports.
New Paradigm: Science on Aggression with Sport in the Background
Authors: Kosiewicz Jerzy 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this work, the author focuses in particular on aggressive behavior in competitive sports (highly ranked professional, spectator, and Olympic sports) and on the behavior of fans accompanying sporting events.
Aggression in sports, when considered from the point of view of the regulations in specific disciplines, has two main variants. The first variant is necessary aggression, which is both instrumental and non-instrumental and is potential in the sense that it allows the manifestation of emotions which are not outlined in the rules of the discipline. Thus, aggression is considered necessary when it results from the rules of a given sport.
The second form of aggression is a non-instrumental and unpredictable aggression which is of an emotional origin. It is reactive, characterized by anger, and aims to cause harm. It is not stimulated by the rules of a given sport, but on the contrary is restricted and punished by the rules.
The author also points out that the aggressive behavior of fans before, during, and outside a sporting event will never be necessary in this respect because the rules, guidelines, or specific regulations of a sport apply to the behavior of players, not fans. Therefore, their aggression is potential, emotional, planned, or spontaneous, but never necessary.
Research on Relative Age in Hungarian Swimming
Authors: Nagy Nikoletta , Ökrös Csaba , Sós Csaba 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In 2017, the 19th World Swimming Championship will be organized in Hungary. Up to now, many people have already been working with swimmers to achieve good results. However, in the next period they must work even harder to ensure that the national swimmers of a country as small as Hungary can achieve the outstanding results of their predecessors. Since high-level competitions in swimming have become more intense, innovations including scientific studies are needed during preparation for the event. The purpose of this paper is to present the major results of an independent study carried out by the authors about the relative age of the best Hungarian swimmers with the aim of contributing to their preparation. The research population consisted of selected age groups of swimmers registered by the Hungarian Swimming Association (N=400). The method for data collection was an analysis of documents. To evaluate the data, the Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. The results are presented according to the period of the competitor’s date of birth, gender, and age group. The results confirm only partly the hypothesis that people born in the first quarters of the year play a dominant role in Hungarian national swimming teams. In the conclusion, the authors recommend further research on relative age in swimming and in other sports.
Job Satisfaction of a Physical Education Teacher as Seen by School Community
Authors: Rutkowska Katarzyna , Zalech Mirosław 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In A high level of satisfaction with a job influences the effectiveness and increases the quality of performed tasks. In the case of physical education teachers it is connected not only with a higher commitment to passing knowledge and skills but also with instilling passion in their students. The aim of the study was to analyse how school community perceives job satisfaction of physical education teachers. The research included 148 teachers and 171 students who were divided into three groups by means of random-purposive sampling. The groups were as follows: physical education teachers (n=22), teachers of other subjects (n=22) and students (n=22). The results obtained from these respondents (n=66) were subjected to further analysis. In the study a modified Polish version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) prepared by Juczyński (2001) was used. It made it possible to diagnose the job satisfaction of physical education teachers. The analyses revealed that the subjects assess the job satisfaction of a physical education teacher at an average or low level. This assessment showed significant differences between physical education teachers and teachers of other subjects. The study also revealed differences between groups with regard to two out of five scores in the SWLS.
A Prototype for a Palm-sized Photoacoustic Sensing Unit
Authors: Gao Fei , Feng Xiaohua , Miao Xilin , Zheng Yuanjin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPhotoacoustic sensing and imaging techniques have experienced tremendous research progress, ranging from fundamental physics and methodologies to various biomedical and clinical applications in recent years. However, the state-of-art photoacoustic systems still suffer from high cost and bulky size, which hinders their potential applications for low-cost and portable diagnostics. In this paper, we propose the design for a palm-size photoacoustic sensor prototype. The design’s lower cost and smaller size would allow it to be used for portable photoacoustic sensing applications like oxygen saturation and temperature. By converting the high-frequency photoacoustic pulse signal to low-frequency photoacoustic DC signal through a rectifier circuit, the proposed photoacoustic receiver could potentially reduce the cost and device size efficiently, compared with the conventional highspeed data acquisition card interfaced with computer solutions. Preliminary testing is demonstrated to show its feasibility for photoacoustic sensing applications.
Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers for Photoacoustic Imaging: Modeling and Simulation of Structural Parameters on Receive Performance
Authors: Xu Qi , Chen Bingzhang , Li Pengye , Liu Jin , Lai Dakun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroduction: Although many piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs) with different structures have been presented and fabricated for photoacoustic imaging (PAI), most of them are lack of systemic analysis and optimizations of design parameters. It is of important to explore the internal physical mechanisms and corresponding cause-effect relationships of the receive performance of pMUTs with different structures. The purpose of this study is to present a novel numerical method for an efficient design of the AlN-based pMUT for application in PAI system. Methods: A planar and two curved (dome-shaped and concave) structures of pMUTs based on aluminum nitride (AlN) were modeled numerically in this study. For each pMUT, the performance of receive sensitivity was simulated systemically using the finite elements analysis (FEA). Moreover, the physical parameters of three structureswere analyzed in detail, such as the radius of curvature, the height of SiO2, the height of AlN and the height of polyimide. Results: The obtained results show that the receive performance of three structures in water or air could be ordered as: the dome-shaped > the concave > the planar. Further, several valuable findings of this study would be used to design pMUTs so as to achieve better receive performance, such as: (a) for an optimum radius of curvature almost exists for any curved pMUT, (b) a thinner supporting layer means a better receive performance, (c) the piezoelectric layer in three structures have an optimum thickness, and (d) the height of polyimide affects little the receive performance in all structures. Conclusions: For a pMUT-based ultrasound sensor in photoacoustic imaging (PAI), the dome-shaped pMUT has a better receive sensitivity than that of the planar structure and the concave structure, whose physical parameters combining the work frequency could be optimized efficiently with a numerical method.
Spirituality and the negative and positive effects of traumatic experiences in a group of emergency service workers
Authors: Ogińska-Bulik Nina , Zadworna-Cieślak Magdalena 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Objective: Studies concerning the importance of spirituality on the negative and positive effects of traumatic experiences are very rare. Our study attempts to determine the role of spirituality in posttraumatic stress disorders, approached as a negative result of facing traumatic events, and profiting from such experiences in the form of posttraumatic growth.
Method: The study covered 116 emergency service workers (only men), including 43 firefighters (37.1%), 43 police officers (37.1%) and 30 paramedics (25.8%), who experienced a traumatic event in their line of work. Those surveyed were between 21 and 57 years of age (M = 35.28; SD = 8.13). The Impact of Event Scale was used to assess the negative effects of traumatic experience, and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for assessing the positive effects. Spirituality was measured using the Selfdescription Questionnaire.
Results: 61.2% of the workers displayed at least moderate symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, whereas 38.8% displayed low intensity symptoms. Taking into consideration the positive effects of experienced traumatic events, it was discovered that almost 40% of those surveyed displayed low levels of posttraumatic growth, 34.5% average and 25.8% high. Correlation analysis was been performed to establish the relation between spirituality and posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth. Posttraumatic growth predictors were determined.
Conclusions: Study results show that spirituality is not related to the intensification of posttraumatic stress symptoms, whereas it contributes to positive posttraumatic changes. Among different aspects of spirituality, harmony plays a major role.
Order effects in attributions of sporting abilities in team handball
Authors: Sobczyk Marcin , Parzelski Dariusz 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Our study explores the role of order effects when making attributions of ability of a performer in team handball. Participants of the study were asked to view a video footage of a handball player performing a passing and throwing task ten times. Although for everyone the footage consisted of the same ten clips, half the participants viewed a declining (successful to unsuccessful) performance pattern, whereas the other half viewed an ascending pattern. After that, participants rated the observed player’s sporting abilities. The results have shown recency effects in the attributions of ability when the judgment was made by players (for most descriptors) and by coaches (for some descriptors).
Influence of ECR-RF plasma modification on surface and thermal properties of polyester copolymer
Authors: Fray Miroslawa El , Willert-Porada Monika 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this paper we report a study on influence of radio-frequency (RF) plasma induced with electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) on multiblock copolymer containing butylene terephthalate hard segments (PBT) and butylene dilinoleate (BDLA) soft segments. The changes in thermal properties were studied by DSC. The changes in wettability of PBT-BDLA surfaces were studied by water contact angle (WCA). We found that ECR-RF plasma surface treatment for 60 s led to decrease of WCA, while prolonged exposure of plasma led to increase of WCA after N2 and N2O2 treatment up to 70°–80°. The O2 reduced the WCA to 50°–56°. IR measurements confirmed that the N2O2 plasma led to formation of polar groups. SEM investigations showed that plasma treatment led to minor surfaces changes. Collectively, plasma treatment, especially O2, induced surface hydrophilicity what could be beneficial for increased cell adhesion in future biomedical applications of these materials.
Distribution and chemical coding patterns of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) neurons in the enteric nervous system of the porcine stomach cardia
Authors: Rękawek W. , Sobiech P. , Gonkowski S. , Żarczyńska K. , Snarska A. , Waśniewski T. , Wojtkiewicz J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the presence of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) neurons and co-localisation of CART with vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (n-NOS), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and leu-enkephalin (LENK) in the enteric nervous system of the porcine gastric cardia by using a double-labelling immunofluorescence technique. CART-LI neurons were observed in the myenteric plexus (18.2±2.6%). A dense network of CART-LI nerve fibers was mainly observed in the muscular layer. CART showed co-localization mainly with VAChT, n-NOS, VIP and to a lesser degree with LENK and SP. Distribution of CART and its co-localization with other neurotransmitters suggest that this peptide plays an important role in gastric motility in the pig.
Dynamic expression profile of DNA methyltransferases in rat testis development
Authors: Xu H.X. , Qin J.Z. , Zhang K.Y. , Zeng W.X. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) are unique and perform specific functions during male germ cell development. To further characterize the significance of Dnmts in the events leading to production of spermatozoa, we investigated whether the expression patterns in Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b and Dnmt3l were apparent in rat testes at different time points during development. The qRT-PCR results showed that expression levels of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3l were abundant before birth and were present at the highest levels in testes tissue at 18.5 days postcoitus (dpc), and gradually decreased from day 0 postpartum (dpp) to 90 dpp. Expression of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3b reached a peak after birth (P <0.01), and then gradually reduced until adulthood. Western blotting and immunolocalization analysis of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b further confirmed the differential expression and localization of the two proteins during rat testis development. The dynamic expression profile of Dnmts implies specific and potentially nonredundant roles for each of these enzymes in the developing rat testis.
Determination of the cytotoxic activity of Campylobacter strains isolated from bovine and swine carcasses in north-eastern Poland
Authors: Wysok B. , Uradziński J. , Wojtacka J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The study was carried out to determine the cytotoxin production by Campylobacter spp. isolated from slaughtered cattle and swine in north-eastern Poland. In total three commercial slaughterhouses were sampled during one year. Carcass swabs were taken to detect the level of Campylobacter spp. contamination. Campylobacter spp. was found in 50 (34%) out of 147 swine carcasses examined. PCR analysis revealed 4 (8%) isolates to be C. jejuni, and 46 (92%) to be C. coli. From a total of 373 bovine carcasses, Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 49 (13.1%) samples. The results regarding the occurrence of cdt genes associated with cytotoxicity indicated that 100% of C. jejuni and 67.4% C. coli obtained from pigs had all three cdtA, cdtB and cdtC genes. In case of C. jejuni strains isolated from cattle all cdt genes were confirmed in 93.9% isolates. The isolates possessesing all cdt genes had higher cytotoxic activity against cell lines used. The isolates both from cattle and swine were characterized by the highest cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. The values obtained reached 80.8% for C. jejuni isolates from cattle and 76.2% for C. jejuni and 69.0% for C. coli isolates from swine. High prevalence of cytotoxicity in Campylobacter spp. indicates a significant epidemiological role of this pathogen in human infections.
Circannual changes in serum concentrations of thyroxine, calcitonin and parathormone in immature and mature red deer females (Cervus elaphus)
Authors: Kuba J. , Błaszczyk B. , Stankiewicz T. , Kwita E. , Udała J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine circannual changes in the serum concentrations of thyroxine, calcitonin and parathormone in mature and immature red deer females. Blood samples from 8 hinds were collected monthly for 26 months. Secretions of thyroxine and calcitonin showed circannual rhythms with significantly higher levels in the immature hinds compared to the mature animals (p<0.05). For thyroxine, the concentration was higher in the winter/spring period than in summer/autumn (p<0.05), while for calcitonin the concentration profile was the opposite (p<0.05). The concentration of parathormone was significantly higher in summer/autumn that in the other months of the experiment (p<0.01). These results may indicate that the hormones investigated may be involved in the regulation of seasonal reproductive activity and in processes contributing to entering puberty in red deer females.
The Mediational Role of Relational Psychological Contract in Belief in a Zero-Sum Game and Work Input Attitude Dependency
Authors: Adamska Krystyna , Jurek Paweł , Różycka-Tran Joanna 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediational role of relational psychological contract in social beliefs and work input attitude dependency. We analyzed data taken from employees (N = 258) in four different organizations operating in the Pomeranian market.
A mediation analysis showed a strongly mediating role of psychological contract in the negative relationship between perception of life as a zero-sum game (BZSG) and work input. The motivational effect of the relational psychological contract, that is the role of job security, interesting work, a career in the company, opportunities for promotion and other HRM practices prevail over the significance of personal beliefs, especially when these are negative. If the company lacks the appropriate HRM systems then day-to-day social exchanges can be crucial in modifying the social beliefs of the employee.
The Minority Stress of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Parents. Specificity of Polish Context
Authors: Wycisk Jowita 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPrevious research on LGB parenting is dominated by comparing the LGB families to traditional families with heterosexual parents. Little is known about personal experiences of LGB parents and psychological consequences of nonheterosexual parenting in a heteronormative environment.This article presents the conceptualization of lesbian, gay and bisexual parents’ minority stress and focuses especially on it’s sources. LGB parents are considered as a multiple excluded minority group. Using a theoretical framework of minority stress (Meyer 1995) the main stressors are described with reference to parental situation: discrimination and violence, perceived stigma, self-concealment and internalized homophobia. These factors’ possible impact on psychological wellbeing is discussed on the basis of research available. The Polish sociocultural context and its potential influence of LGB parents’ stress is also described.The specificity of LGB parents’ minority stress is that it challenges the aspect of identity associated with a parental social role. The most common stressors undermine the status and quality of parent-child bond and involves the child himself/ herself. In conclusion, minority stress of LGB parents is recognized as a risk factor for decrease in mental health, but also as an opportunity for personal development based on the stress - related growth.