bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA Synthesis and Production of Interleukin 1 by Lymph Node Macrophages in Culture
Authors: Mastro Andrea M , Bortner Donna M , Pishak Sharon A 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
When bovine lymph node cells are cultured for several days the adherent macrophage population increases by as much as tenfold. This increase in cell number is primarily due to cell division, which reaches a maximum on day 4 or 5 of culture. Although the presence of the nonadherent cells seems required for cell division, we have been unable to detect a macrophage growth factor in either the nonadherent cell populations. The adherent cells were identified as macrophages based on positive esterase staining, the presence of Fc receptors, β-glucuronidase activity, and phagocytosis. Moreover, these adherent cells produced interleukin 1 (IL1) after exposure to lipopolysaccharide in serum-free medium. Approximately 107 macrophages were stimulated to produce about 900 units of IL1 in a 24-hr period. Thus, the bovine lymph node preparation is a potential source of a large number of macrophages capable of dividing in culture and of producing IL1.
Ultrastructure of Macrophages of Carrageenan Granuloma in the Rat With Data on Gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase Activity
Authors: Monis Benito , Valentich Mirta A 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The present study is an electron-microscopic investigation of granuloma induced in the rat by the subcutaneous injection of 1% lambda-carrageenan in 0.8% sodium chloride. We report on the presence of desmosome-like structures connecting neighbouring macrophages. They consisted of electron-dense plaques, which are closely applied to the cytoplasmic surfaces of the junction. Usually, no bundles of cytoplasmic filaments attached to the plaques were seen. At the intercellular space at the level of the junction, a dense material was observed that was sometimes arranged in a cross-bridge fashion. The lysosomal system was markedly developed and consisted mainly of secondary lysosomes containing a filamentous material that showed intense acid phosphatase activity, which was also demonstrated in Golgi cisternae. A membrane preparation obtained from rat carrageenan granuloma contained gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity (GGTP), which is a cell and lysosomal membrane-bound enzyme. The GGTP activity of a similar membrane preparation of guinea pig carrageenan granuloma was six times higher than that of the rat.
Effect of Exchange Transfusion With Fluosol DA 20% on Splenic Distribution and Immunocompetence of Rat Lymphocytes
Authors: Hodges Glenn R , Worley Samuel E , Kemner John M , Abdou Nabih I , Clark Gary M 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
T- and B-splenic lymphocyte frequency, immune response 4 days after immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), and proliferative response to concanavalin A (Con A) were determined 1, 3, and 5 days after exchange transfusion with Fluosol DA 20% (FDA) in adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats vs sham transfused rats. T-cell, T-helper, T-suppressor, and B-lymphocyte frequencies were reduced 1 day after transfusion (P ≤ 0.01). T- and B-lymphocyte frequencies were still reduced at day 3 (P = 0.0372). By day 5, there were no significant reductions in T-cell, T-helper, T-suppressor, and B-cell frequencies in the FDA-transfused rats. The frequency of cells with cytoplasmic IgG was reduced (P ≤ 0.025) in cells harvested from spleens of FDA-transfused rats and tested fresh. Proliferative response of splenic lymphocytes to Con A was unaffected by transfusion with FDA (P ≥ 0.078). Splenic hemolytic plaques in response to SRBC were unaffected if rats were transfused 3 days after immunization with SRBC and 1 day prior to study (P = 0.941), enhanced if rats were tranfused 1 day after SRBC immunization and 3 days prior to study (P = 0.0015), and suppressed if rats were transfused 1 day before SRBC immunization and 5 days before study (P &lt; 0.0001). Transfusion with FDA (1) causes transient decreases in identifiable T and B lymphocytes, (2) depresses cytoplasmic IgG-positive B cells, (3) does not affect proliferative response to Con A, (4) does not affect an ongoing specific immune response, (5) enhances an early specific immune response, and (6) inhibits the induction of a specific immune response.
Effect of Platelet-Activating Factor on Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Enhancement of Chemiluminescence and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
Authors: Mossmann Horst , Bamberger Uwe , Velev Boris A , Gehrung Marina , Hammer Dietrich K 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The effect of platelet-activating factor on human granulocytes was determined by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and rosette assay. An activation of the respiratory burst could be measured by CL and be shown to depend on the presence of extracellular calcium. This direct stimulation of PMN was proved to be inhibited by oxygen radical scavengers as well as by the calcium channel blocker diltiazem. Furthermore, the presence of PAF enhanced the activation of PMN via Fc- or C3b-receptors, as demonstrated by CL and ADCC. On the other hand, no influence on the rosette-forming capacity of PMN could be detected. The results support the concept of the import role of PAF in inflammatory processes.
Irradiation- and Cyclophosphamide-Induced Alterations in Syrian Hamster T-Cell Population Activity
Authors: Bagasra Omar , Tabor Dale 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The treatment of hamsters with either irradiation (IR) or cyclophosphamide (CYP) markedly alters select aspects of their cellular immune functions in a dose-related manner. One mechanism that may be responsible for this activity appears to be the dimunition of a T-lymphocyte subpopulation that exerts suppressive influence upon the B-lymphocyte reactivity toward antigens. This study shows that in the hamster, immune susceptibility is affected by the magnitude and orientation of these agents (ie, IR, CYP) as they temporally relate to immunization and/or challenge with the antigen. Moreover, there is evidence that T-independent as well as T-dependent responses are affected by these treatments. Therefore, cyclophosphamide and irradiation modalities can be employed to modify the cellular immune responses in the hamster.
Induction of Neovascularization by Activated Human Monocytes
Authors: Koch Alisa E , Polverini Peter J , Leibovich S Joseph 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Neovascularization, the process of new blood vessel growth, is an important feature of many pathologic and physiologic processes. Monocytes were isolated from citrated blood buffy coat of healthy adult human donors on Ficoll-Hypaque gradients. Mononuclear cells from these gradients were fractionated on discontinuous Percoll gradients; monocyte-enriched fractions were isolated and assessed for angiogenic activity in rat corneas. Freshly isolated monocytes as well as monocytes cultured for 20 hr on fibronectin-coated collagen gels failed to stimulate neovascularization. In contrast, adherent monocytes activated with concanavalin A (25 μg/ml) or endotoxin (5 μg/ml) for 20 hr were found to be potently angiogenic. We conclude that peripheral blood monocytes must be activated to acquire the ability to induce new blood vessel growth, a process central to inflammation, wound healing, and tumor development.
Decreased Expression of Class II Major Histocompatibility Antigens on Monocytes From Patients With Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Nagai Hiroko , Fisher Richard I , Cossman Jeffrey , Oppenheim Joost J 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Expression of class II major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens by peripheral blood monocytes from 12 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) were studied employing antiserum and complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Overall, the expression of class II MHC antigens was significantly decreased on HD monocytes (cytotoxicity index [C.I.] = 60.2 ± 5.8% vs 77.6 ± 2.8%, P &lt; .02). This decrease was most marked in patients with more severe disease. In fact, mean alloantigen expression for patients with advanced stages of disease was 58% of that observed in controls. The number of human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-DR antigenic sites per cell was also reduced as determined by monoclonal anti-DR antibody and FACS analysis. There was 38% more HLA-DR per cell in normal controls than in moderately advanced Hodgkin's patients.
Class II MHC antigen expression on HD monocytes were increased partially by an IFN-7 containing concanavalin A-stimulated human mononuclear cell culture supernatants (Con A sup), although remaining subnormal. When monocytes were cultured with Con A sup and indomethacin, alloantigen expression was increased in HD and control monocytes, but indomethacin failed to normalize class II MHC antigen expression on HD monocytes (C.I. = 72.3 ± 4.7% vs 90.2 ± 1.8%, P &lt; .01). We conclude that PGE accounts only inpart for the decreased alloantigen expression by HD monocytes. Interleukin (IL) 1 production by patients' monocytes was not reduced as compared to normals and therefore does not contribute to the decreased MHC II antigen expression. Decreases in alloantigen expression may be an important determinant of the T cell-mediated immune abnormalities in Hodgkin's disease.
Fractionation of Rat Alveolar Macrophages by Isopycnic Centrifugation: Morphological, Cytochemical, Biochemical, and Functional Properties
Authors: Chandler David B , Fuller Wynola C , Jackson Robert M , Fulmer Jack D 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Studies on alveolar macrophages have usually been performed on a single cell suspension obtained by lung lavage. However, recent evidence on the diversity of functions of the alveolar macrophage suggests that the macrophage is not a single population, but one composed of several subpopulations of macrophages. One approach toward determining if alveolar macrophages are heterogeneous would be to separate subpopulations based on density. To accomplish this, we developed a continuous gradient of iso-osmotic colloidal silica (Percoll) that separated alveolar macrophages from Fischer 344 rats into 18 density-defined subpopulations. The density-defined alveolar macrophage subpopulations were then characterized and were shown to be significantly different based on morphological, cytochemical, biochemical, and functional analysis. The results of this study suggest that alveolar macrophages are heterogeneous and that a continuous iso-osmotic gradient of colloidal silica is an efficient and reproducible method for separating subpopulations.
Characterization of a Colony-Stimulating Factor Produced by the Human Monocytic Leukemia Cell Line, THP-1
Authors: Gaffney Edwin V , Dell'Aquila Marie L , Lingenfelter Susan E , Huffnagle Gary B , Wiest David L 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1, acquires macrophage-like characteristics following exposure to mezerein. Serum-free medium conditioned by mezerein-activated cells was observed to contain colony-stimulating factor (CSF) activity in assays with murine bone marrow cultures. Isoelectrofocusing revealed that CSF activity displayed charge heterogeneity and migrated in a pl range of 4.4–5.3. Treatment with neuraminidase did not affect biological activity but did reduce charge heterogeneity. Reisofocusing of neuraminidase-treated CSF revealed a peak of activity at pl 4.9. The active component was shown to be an acidic sialoglycoprotein, resistant to proteolytic cleavage but completely inactivated by 2-mercaptoethanol. This CSF has been purified from THP-1–conditioned serum-free medium by preparative isoelectrofocusing, gel filtration through Sephacryl S-200, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, neuraminidase treatment, and tris-glycinate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Elution from SDS-PAGE revealed a single peak of activity corresponding to an apparent molecular weight of 70,000 daltons. Preliminary characterization of the bone marrow cells in colonies showed that THP-1 cells produced macrophage-specific CSF.
Fibronectin and Complement Secretion By Monocytes and Peritoneal Macrophages In Vitro From Patients Undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Goldstein Carl S , Garrick Renee E , Polin Richard A , Gerdes Jeffrey S , Kolski Gerald B , Neilson Eric G , Douglas Steven D 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We investigated the role of the opsonic glycoprotein fibronectin in the host defense of the peritoneum in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Fibronectin concentration in peritoneal dialysate from hight infection rate CAPD patients (&gt;1.50 episodes peritonitis per year) was significantly less than from low infection rate CAPD patients (&lt;0.55 episodes peritonitis per year). In vitro secretion of fibronectin by cultured peritoneal macrophages from patients with high infection rate was less than from low infection rate patients (P &lt; 0.05) and controls (P &lt; 0.01). In vitro secretion of the second component of complement, however, was similar in both high and low infection rate patients. Plasma fibronectin concentration and in vitro fibronectin secretion by cultured peripheral blood monocytes was not different between high infection rate patients and low infection rate patients, but was less than normals. Decreased fibronectin secretion by peritoneal macrophages is associated with a higher incidence of peritonitis among CAPD patients.
Effects of Ethanol Administration on Parameters of Immunocompetency in Rats
Authors: Jerrells Thomas R , Marietta Cheryl A , Eckardt Michael J , Majchrowicz Edward , Weight Forrest F 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Ethanol administered to rats intragastrically in doses sufficient to cause dependency resulted in a rapid cell loss from the thymus and spleen. Cell loss from the peripheral blood was due primarily to a loss of lymphocytes, but a concomitant granulocytosis resulted in only small changes in the total leukocyte count. Lymphocyte proliferation to both T- and B-cell mitogens was severely compromised by ethanol treatment. The cell loss and functional lymphocyte impairment also occurred at half the ethanol dose required to induce dependency. Although cell numbers recovered relatively quickly after ethanol withdrawal, lymphocyte function, as measured by proliferation, recovered more slowly. Ethanol administration before or during immunization with sheep erythrocytes resulted in an impairment in the ability of animals to respond with a primary immune response to this antigen. These data suggest that ethanol given in quantities sufficient to produce dependence impairs in vitro and in vivo parameters of immunocompetency.
The Role of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the Control of Phagocytosis
Authors: Brown Eric J 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The phagocytic function of human-peripheral-blood-derived mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes can be regulated by external stimuli. In particular, the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins fibronectin and laminin and serum amyloid P component can increase the phagocytic activity of these cells. Phagocytosis enhancement by the ECM requires two distinct signals to the ingesting cell. First, a ligand for interaction of the target particle with phagocytic cells is required. Generally this occurs because of opsonins such as antibody or complement on the phagocytic target and is independent of the ECM proteins. The phagocytosis-enhancing effect of the connective tissue proteins also requires direct interaction of these proteins with phagocytic cells and occurs through cell surface receptors for these molecules. In the case of neutrophils, sensitivity to the phagocytosis-enhancing effects of connective tissue proteins requires prior stimulation with the chemotactic peptides C5a or f-met-leu-phe. The present state or knowledge of the mechanism of phagocytosis enhancement by ECM proteins and the implications of the phenomenon for host defense are discussed.
Inactivation of Alveolar Macrophage Transglutaminase by Oxidants in Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Roth William J , Chung S I , Janoff Aaron 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The present study demonstrates the existence of tissue transglutaminase in rabbit alveolar macrophages and measures the effects of cigarette smoke extracts on the activity of enzyme partially purified from these cells. The effects of smoke on transglutaminase purified from guinea pig liver are also measured. A water soluble component of gas-phase cigarette smoke inhibits both enzymes in a dose-dependent manner, with a maximum inhibition of 65% occurring at concentrations of smoke as low as 1% in the case of the rabbit enzyme. The chemical oxidant N-chlorosuccinimide mimics the dose-dependent inhibitory effects of cigarette smoke on both enzyme systems. The thiol reducing agent, dithiothreitol, can prevent enzyme inactivation mediated by both smoke and N-chlorosuccinimide. Dithiothreitol is also capable of reversing inactivation mediated by cigarette smoke, but does not reverse inactivation caused by chemical oxidation with N-chlorosuccinimide. These data suggest that cigarette smoke inhibits transglutaminase activity via an oxidative mechanism that may selectively attack the active-site cysteine residue.
Chemical Modification of Human Neutrophil Membrane Proteins: Effect on fMet-Leu-Phe Binding and Function
Authors: Spilberg Isaias , Mehta Jagdish , Hellenga Kim 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
[3H]fMet-Leu-Phe binding to human neutrophil membrane proteins was shown to be inhibited by pretreatment of membranes with the histidine-preferring reagent diethylpyrocarbonate in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. The inhibition was partially reversed by hydroxylamine and was affected by pH. The pH profile for inhibition and the partial reversibility of the inhibition by hydroxylamine are consistent with a modification of the histidine residue by diethylpyrocarbonate. The addition of unlabeled fMet-Leu-Phe to the membrane preparation prior to diethylpyrocarbonate treatment provided protection from the binding inhibition following washout of unlabeled fMet-Leu-Phe and unreacted reagent. Cells treated with diethylpyrocarbonate were inhibited in their ability to produce superoxide anions in response to fMet-Leu-Phe, but the concentration of the chemotactic factor required to obtain 50% of the response was alike for treated or untreated cells. These results suggest that a histidine residue at or near the receptor binding site for fMet-Leu-Phe is required for binding and cell activation. Neither N-acetylimidazole, an agent that preferentially reacts with tyrosine, nor acetic anhydride, which reacts with lysyl groups, affected [3H]fMet-Leu-Phe binding to plasma membrane proteins or superoxide production by intact cells. Scatchard analysis of the binding inhibition owing to diethylpyrocarbonate was consistent with a loss of receptor number rather than a change in affinity.
Induction of Macrophage Growth by Negatively Charged Phospholipids
Authors: Yui Satoru , Yamazaki Masatoshi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The effects on macrophage growth of seven phospholipids that are normally present in cell membranes were examined. Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin which are the main phospholipid constituents of mammalian cell membranes, had no effect on growth of macrophages. Phosphatidylinositol also had little effect. On the other hand, the relatively minor components phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, and phosphatidic acid, which are negatively charged phospholipids, significantly enhanced macrophage growth. These findings suggest that some acidic phospholipids may increase survival or growth of tissue macrophages when they are ingested by the cells in materials containing phospholipids, such as effete autologous cells or bacteria.
Modifications Induced by Activation to Tumor Cytotoxicity in the Protein Secretory Activity of Macrophages
Authors: Grand-Perret Thierry , Petit Jean-François , Lemaire Geneviève 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
After biosynthetic radiolabeling, polypeptides secreted by macrophages were analyzed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and fluorography.
Comparative studies of various macrophage populations (inflammatory macrophages, primed and activated macrophages, resident macrophages) showed that secretory activity is elaborately controlled according to macrophage developmental and functional state.
When young macrophages activated to cytotoxicity against tumor cells by an appropriate eliciting agent and culture in the presence of lipopolysaccharide were compared to mature resident macrophages devoid of antitumor activity, the following changes were observed in the protein secretion phenotype: (1) New polypeptides are expressed: the intensity of four bands was increased more than five-fold on one-dimensional gels and 17 new spots were detected on two-dimensional gels. (2) The production of several major polypeptides is repressed: six bands were strongly decreased on one-dimensional gels, and 11 major spots (or groups of spots) were lost on two-dimensional gels. (3) The charge microheterogeneity pattern exhibited by several polypeptides on two-dimensional gels is shifted towards less acidic species.
Staphylococcus aureus-Derived Chemoattractant Activity for Human Monocytes
Authors: Rot Antal , Henderson Louis E , Leonard Edward J 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Products of bacteria are potent chemoattractants for mammalian leukocytes. Several reports suggest that these attractants are small peptides. We compared the properties of culture fluids of Staphylococcus aureus with fMet-Leu-Phe, considered a prototype of bacterial attractant. Chemotactic activity for human monocytes of Staph. aureus culture filtrates was determined in multiwell chemotaxis chambers. At optimal concentrations, the filtrate attracted almost twice as many monocytes as fMet-Leu-Phe (53 ± 5% of input number compared with 30 ± 3%, in a series of ten experiments). Gel-filtration characteristics and susceptibility to proteolytic digestion suggested that chemotactic activity was due to peptides with a molecular size range of 500–2,000 daltons. Reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of unfractionated filtrate revealed nine peaks of chemotactic activity, most of which was in five of the peaks. One peak accounted for 40% of total activity. Individual peaks, like the unfractionated material, were capable of attracting about twice as many monocytes as the optimal concentration of fMet-Leu-Phe. Quantitative bioassay of the HPLC peaks showed that only 5% of the total Staph. aureus chemotactic activity eluted in the position of fMet-Leu-Phe. This is in contrast to the report that fMet-Leu-Phe accounted for 70% of neutrophil lysosomal enzyme-releasing activity of Escherichia coli culture fluid. In summary, chemotactic activity for monocytes of Staph. aureus culture fluid is due to peptides other than fMet-Leu-Phe; these peptides recruit a higher percentage of monocytes than fMet-Leu-Phe.