bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lidocaine-saturated cotton tip applicator used for laryngeal desensitization resulting in an iatrogenic tracheobronchial foreign body in two cats
Authors: Correa Kamila A , Wheeler Emily P , Miller Victoria S , ‘t Hoen Meredith E 
Published: September 2024

Case series summary Two cats were referred to a veterinary teaching hospital with a cotton tip applicator (CTA) tracheobronchial foreign body (FB) after induction of anesthesia for an elective dental cleaning. In both cases, a lidocaine-saturated CTA, utilized to desensitize the larynx before endotracheal (ET) intubation, broke when introduced into the oropharynx and was subsequently aspirated into the tracheobronchial tree. Both CTAs were successfully removed bronchoscopically, and the cats survived with no short- or long-term complications noted. Relevance and novel information Utilizing a lidocaine-saturated CTA to facilitate ET intubation in cats is not well described, and information on the relative risks and benefits of this specific method for laryngeal desensitization is lacking. This retrospective case series is the first to describe a complication of this technique and successful treatment. These cases highlight the risk inherent to using a CTA to desensitize the feline larynx.
Problematic social media use and vaping among Mexican-American college students
Authors: Bataineh Bara S. , Hébert Emily T. , Loukas Alexandra , Harrell Melissa B. , Yang Qinghua , Murthy Dhiraj , Schwartz Seth , Jung Sungwon , Wilkinson Anna V. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Social media use and vaping nicotine are highly prevalent in the daily lives of young adults, especially among Mexican-American college students. The excessive and compulsive use of social media platforms, coupled with the urge to stay continuously connected, can lead to problematic social media use. To date, no studies have explored the impact of problematic social media use on the daily patterns of vaping among this vulnerable population. Methods In Spring 2023, we employed Ecological Momentary Assessment over a period of 14 days to collect real-time daily data on participants’ social media use and vaping behaviors via a mobile phone–based application. Participants were 51 Mexican-American college students aged 18–25 years, 72.5% female, who were current vapers. We used generalized linear regression models to examine differences in vaping behaviors among participants with and without problematic social media use. All regression models adjusted for age, sex, and SES. Results Participants with problematic social media use vaped on an average of 5.9 days compared to 5.7 days reported by those without problematic social media use ( p < .05). Problematic social media use is associated with more frequent daily vaping [b = 0.03; 95% CI: 0.02–0.05], increased number of days vaping [b = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.07–0.20], and vaping higher nicotine concentrations [b = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.03–0.14]. Conclusion Results suggest that problematic social media use significantly increases the risk of daily vaping among Mexican-American college students. Findings highlight the need to strengthen digital resilience and social media literacy to help college students navigate and mitigate the risks of social media.
What if You Could Treat the Same Patient Again, Would You do the Exact Same Spine Surgery? A Multi-Surgeon Survey of Their Own Revisions
Authors: Sheehan Connor , Mohamed Ayman , Schwab Frank , Burton Douglas , Okonkwo David , Eastlack Robert , Kim Han J. , Klineberg Eric , Hamilton KoJo , Bess Shay , Lafage Renaud , Lafage Virginie 
Published: September 2024

Study Design Case-based survey. Objectives This study aims to investigate what a group of surgeons learned from their own revisions, and what they would do differently today. Methods A multi-center database of ASD surgical patients was queried to identify those with at least 2 surgical procedures performed by the same surgeon between 2009 and 2019. A clinical vignette was created for each case including demographics, a timeline of events, radiographs/measurements, patient-reported outcomes, complications, and surgical strategies used for the index and revision surgeries. The operative surgeon was then asked to fill out a five-question survey aimed at determining factors that contribute to operative decision-making and planning. Results 86 patients were operated on by 6 participating surgeons for both index and revision ASD surgery. The revised patients had similar follow-up compared to the non-revised group ( P = 0.73), with the most common complications indicating a need for revision surgery being proximal junctional failure (42%) and pseudoarthrosis (28%). Surgeons reported that they would not change their surgical strategy in 52.3% of the cases. The leading cause for revision was hardware/instrumentation issues (24.4%). Learning points included rod-related choice (23.3%), level selection (19.8), PJF prophylactic strategy (15.1%), and sagittal alignment objective (11.6%). Conclusions Surgeons saw opportunity in nearly half of the cases to improve outcomes by changing something in the original surgery. While 40% of the failures remained unexplained from the surgeons’ perspective, this study highlights the capacity for adopting changes in adult spinal deformity surgery and illuminates the reasoning behind certain surgical decisions.
Micro-level Contributions Towards SDG Target 12.3: Identifying the Behavioural Drivers of Household Food Waste Reduction
Authors: Zhao Ningxin , Begho Toritseju 
Published: September 2024

In many Western countries, household food waste is by far the largest contributor to the overall total food waste and threatens the sustainability of the food system. In order to identify the factors that influence households’ food waste decisions and to predict behaviour towards food waste, the paper employs perspectives from the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the expectation, motivation and attitude (EMA) model. This paper extends the TPB model by adding the construct of affective states, since there is strong empirical support for this. Data from respondents in the UK who were responsible for purchasing household food and making food-related decisions were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that for the TPB, an individual’s attitude, PBC and affect had a statistically significant direct association with consumers’ intention to reduce food waste. In addition, the results show a direct positive association between intentions to reduce food waste and actual food waste behaviour. For the EMA, expectation influences motivation and attitude. Compared to the EMA, the TPB proves to be relatively good predictive models for understanding determinants of food waste reduction. The TBP also supports incorporating elements such as affective states, considering that the additional construct in the model contributes to improving understanding of consumers’ intention to reduce food waste. Collectively, household food waste can be reduced by avenues that influence individuals’ positive attitudes, increases the expectation that food waste reduction behaviour is within one’s control and evokes a positive affective state when food waste is reduced in households. JEL Classification: D1, D12, F64, Q53
Prospective Assessment of Outcomes After Femoral Condyle Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation With Concurrent Meniscus Allograft Transplantation
Authors: Richards Jarod A. , Rucinski Kylee , Stannard James P. , Nuelle Clayton W. , Cook James L. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCAT) and meniscus allograft transplantation (MAT) have each become more commonly implemented for the treatment of young to middle-aged patients with complex knee pathology. Evidence regarding tibiofemoral OCAT in the setting of concurrent MAT is limited. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to characterize outcomes for femoral condyle OCAT with concurrent MAT (OCAT+MAT) in the ipsilateral compartment of patients after evidence-based shifts in practice. It was hypothesized that OCAT+MAT would be associated with successful outcomes characterized by statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of knee pain and function in >80% of patients for at least 2 years after transplantation. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: With institutional review board approval and documented informed consent, patients who underwent primary OCAT+MAT between 2016 and 2020 and enrolled in a lifelong registry for prospective collection of outcomes after OCAT were included. Patients with minimum 2-year follow-up data regarding complications, failures, adherence, and PROMs were analyzed. Patients who required OCAT and/or MAT revision or conversion to arthroplasty were defined as experiencing treatment failures. Results: A total of 23 consecutive patients (mean age, 37.1 years; mean body mass index, 28 kg/m2; 14 men) met the inclusion criteria, with a mean follow-up of 51 months (range, 24-86 months). The initial treatment success rate was 78% based on 5 initial treatment failures, and the overall success rate was 83% based on a successful revision OCAT. All failures occurred in the medial compartment. Older patient age (42.2 vs 32.1 years; P = .046) and nonadherence to postoperative restriction and rehabilitation protocols ( P = .033; odds ratio, 14) were significant risk factors for treatment failure. All measured PROMs achieved significant improvements ( P < .001) and minimum clinically important differences at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. Conclusion: OCAT+MAT was associated with successful short- to mid-term outcomes in 83% of cases. Evidence-based shifts in practice were implemented before the enrollment of this patient cohort. Older patients and those who were not adherent to postoperative restriction and rehabilitation protocols had a significantly higher risk for treatment failure and subsequent conversion to arthroplasty.
Identifying Racial Disparities in Utilization and Clinical Outcomes of Ambulatory Hip Arthroscopy: Analysis of Temporal Trends and Causal Inference via Machine Learning
Authors: Lu Yining , Alder Kareme D. , Marigi Erick M. , Mickley John P. , Dancy Malik , Hevesi Mario , Levy Bruce A. , Krych Aaron J. , Okoroha Kelechi R. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Arthroscopic diagnosis and treatment of femoroacetabular pathology has experienced significant growth in the last 30 years; nevertheless, reduced utilization of orthopaedic procedures has been observed among the underrepresented population. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine racial differences in case incidence rates, outcomes, and complications in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy. It was hypothesized that racial and ethnic minority patients would undergo hip arthroscopy at a decreased rate compared with their White counterparts but that there would be no differences in clinical outcomes. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The State Ambulatory Surgery and Services Database and the State Emergency Department Database of New York were queried for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy between 2011 and 2017. Patients were stratified into White and racial and ethnic minority races, and intergroup comparisons were performed for utilization over time, total charges billed per encounter, 90-day emergency department (ED) visits, and revision hip arthroscopy. Temporal trends in the utilization of hip arthroscopy were identified, and racial differences in secondary outcomes were analyzed with a semiparametric method known as targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) backed by a library of machine learning algorithms. Results: A total of 9745 patients underwent hip arthroscopy during the study period, with 1081 patients of minority race (11.1%). White patients underwent hip arthroscopy at 5.68 (95% CI, 4.98-6.48) times the incidence rate of racial and ethnic minority patients; these incidence rates grew annually at a ratio of 1.11 in White patients compared with 1.03 in racial and ethnic minority patients ( P < .001). Based on the TMLE, racial and ethnic minority patients were significantly more likely to incur higher costs ( P < .001) and visit the ED within 90 days ( P = .049) but had negligible differences in reoperation rates at a 2-year follow-up ( P = .53). Subgroup analysis identified that higher likelihood for 90-day ED admissions among racial and ethnic minority patients compared with White patients was associated with Medicare insurance ( P = .002), median income in the lowest quartile ( P = .012), and residence in low-income neighborhoods ( P = .006). Conclusion: Irrespective of insurance status, racial and ethnic minority patients undergo hip arthroscopy at a lower incidence and incur higher costs per surgical encounter.
Impact of USMLE Pass/Fail Step 1 Scoring on Current Medical Students
Authors: Rothka Andrew J. , Nguyen Megan , King Tonya S. , Choi Karen Y. 
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine students’ perceptions of pass/fail scoring for Step 1, particularly when applying to competitive specialties. This study also investigated whether this transition increased anxiety among medical students and elicited student perspectives on the most critical components of residency applications. INTRODUCTION The United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 1 Board Exam transitioned from a traditional numeric score to pass/fail for exams taken on or after January 26, 2022. One justification for this change, according to a statement from USMLE, was to ease the transition between undergraduate and graduate medical education. Although many factors are considered when selecting candidates to interview for residency, Step 1 scores were historically used as an important metric. Few studies specifically evaluated medical student's attitudes toward the change in Step 1 grading. METHODS An online survey was distributed to Penn State College of Medicine medical students in the 2024 to 2027 classes. Statistical analysis was conducted on responses to research plans, attitudes regarding Step 1 pass/fail, match rates, and importance of application components. RESULTS There was a 21.3% response rate (127/596) to the survey with 30.7% pursuing a competitive specialty. Students applying into competitive specialties felt their chances of matching changed significantly compared to students applying to other specialties (either increased (25.6% vs 10.2%, P < .001), or decreased (28.2% vs10.3%, P < .001). Majority of students (73.2%) agreed with the decision to make Step 1 pass/fail, however, students reported increased anxiety surrounding Step 2 scores. There was a significant association between which aspects students believed were most important for matching (letters of recommendation and performance on Acting Internships) and those they believed program directors would weigh heaviest ( P < .001). CONCLUSION Medical students report increased anxiety with Step 2 after Step 1 became pass/fail, although students overwhelmingly agreed with this change. To address this, medical schools should offer further guidance and resources to students, focusing on mentorship and methods to optimize residency applications for their chosen specialties.
Low-grade systemic inflammation and peripheral airway function
Authors: Färdig Martin , Zaigham Suneela , Engström Gunnar , Janson Christer , Wollmer Per , Malinovschi Andrei 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundLow-grade systemic inflammation is linked to abnormal spirometry. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is sensitive in detecting peripheral airway dysfunction, but inflammation in relation to IOS is poorly studied. The objectives of the present study were to analyse associations between C-reactive protein (CRP), blood eosinophils (B-Eos), blood neutrophils (B-Neu), blood lymphocytes (B-Lym), blood leukocytes (B-Leu), blood monocytes (B-Mono) and IOS.MethodsBlood biomarkers and IOS were assessed in 10 602 adults (aged 50–65 years) within the Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). Upper tertiles for CRP (>1.80 mg·L−1), B-Eos (>0.20 109·L−1), B-Neu (>3.40 109·L−1), B-Lym (>2.00 109·L−1), B-Leu (>6.10 109·L−1) and B-Mono (>0.50 109·L−1) were analysed in relation to the following abnormal IOS indices: resistance at 5 Hz, resistance at 20 Hz, area of reactance, resonant frequency (>95th percentile) and reactance at 5 Hz (<5th percentile), based on healthy, never-smoking SCAPIS participants.ResultsAbnormal IOS was observed in 1715 (16.2%), of which 580 (33.8%) also had abnormal spirometry. Having several blood biomarkers in the upper tertile (1, 2–3 or 4–6versus0) was overall associated with abnormal IOS; adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) ranging from 1.19 (1.02–1.38) to 2.27 (1.79–2.89). Furthermore, having 2–3 or more blood biomarkersversus0 in the upper tertile was overall linked to abnormal IOS in participants with normal spirometry; adjusted OR (95% CI) ranging from 1.43 (1.17–1.75) to 1.75 (1.29–2.38).ConclusionsLow-grade systemic inflammation was related to abnormal IOS and appeared consistent even when participants had normal spirometry.
Digital rectal exam in prostate cancer screening: a critical review of the ERSPC Rotterdam study
Authors: Bouras Samir 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe history of prostate cancer screening has evolved from relying on the Digital Rectal Exam to the introduction of PSA test. Initially, DRE was the cornerstone for diagnosing aggressive PCa, but the advent of PSA testing allowed for proactive detection. Distinctions between screening for the general population and early detection for individuals are vital. The French Onco-Urology Recommendations cite the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC), highlighting a 21% reduction in mortality using total PSA for screening, endorsing DRE in combination with PSA for early detection. However, a comprehensive analysis of the ERSPC study raises questions about DRE's role in screening. Studies indicate weak correlations between DRE and PCa diagnosis, especially with low PSA values. DRE's reproducibility is also a concern. As the ERSPC study progressed, DRE's significance diminished, and PSA became the primary screening tool. Other trials omitted DRE from their protocols, emphasizing PSA’s dominance. While some studies advocate for DRE in specific contexts, its overall utility in screening is questionable. It can be uncomfortable, has low sensitivity and specificity, and may lead to unnecessary biopsies. Controversies persist regarding its role in follow-up tests after the initial screening. In summary, the analysis of various publications suggests that DRE has limited value in subsequent PCa screening procedures, particularly in regions where screening has evolved beyond its initial use. PSA's dominance underscores the diminishing role of DRE in modern PCa screening practices.
Genetic and genomic analysis of reproduction traits in holstein cattle using SNP chip data and imputed sequence level genotypes
Authors: Schwarz Leopold , Križanac Ana-Marija , Schneider Helen , Falker-Gieske Clemens , Heise Johannes , Liu Zengting , Bennewitz Jörn , Thaller Georg , Tetens Jens 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Reproductive performance plays an important role in animal welfare, health and profitability in animal husbandry and breeding. It is well established that there is a negative correlation between performance and reproduction in dairy cattle. This relationship is being increasingly considered in breeding programs. By elucidating the genetic architecture of underlying reproduction traits, it will be possible to make a more detailed contribution to this. Our study followed two approaches to elucidate this area; in a first part, variance components were estimated for 14 different calving and fertility traits, and then genome-wide association studies were performed for 13 reproduction traits on imputed sequence-level genotypes with subsequent enrichment analyses.

Results
Variance components analyses showed a low to moderate heritability (h2) for the traits analysed, ranging from 0.014 for endometritis up to 0.271 for stillbirth, indicating variable degrees of variation within the reproduction traits. For genome-wide association studies, we were able to detect genome-wide significant association signals for nine out of 13 analysed traits after Bonferroni correction on chromosome 6, 18 and the X chromosome. In total, we detected over 2700 associated SNPs encircling more than 90 different genes using the imputed whole-genome sequence data. Functional associations were reviewed so far known and potential candidate regions in the proximity of reproduction events were hypothesised.

Conclusion
Our results confirm previous findings of other authors in a comprehensive cohort including 13 different traits at the same time. Additionally, we identified new candidate genes involved in dairy cattle reproduction and made initial suggestions regarding their potential impact, with special regard to the X chromosome as a putative information source for further research. This work can make a contribution to reveal the genetic architecture of reproduction traits in context of trait specific interactions.
Physical activity from the perspective of older adults: a convergent mixed-method study
Authors: Nilstomt Anna , Gustavsson Johanna , Beckman Linda , Bäccman Charlotte , Nilson Finn , Wagnsson Stefan , Wästlund Erik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Older adults are insufficiently physically active, despite its importance for healthy aging. To develop appropriate physical activity interventions, it is necessary to understand their physical activity. This study applies a theoretical perspective, the COM-B model, and a mixed-method design to examine what influences older adults’ physical activity levels with three questions: (1) What individual and external factors predict older adults’ physical activity levels? (2) What do older adults perceive as influencing their levels of physical activity? (3) To what extent do the quantitative results on older adults’ physical activity levels agree and disagree with the qualitative findings on older adults’ physical activity levels?

Methods
A convergent mixed-method design was used with questionnaire (n = 334) and interview (n = 14) data from adults 65 years and older. Regression analyses were used for quantitative measurements: physical activity, age, subjective socioeconomic status, health status, capability, opportunity, motivation, and depression. Content analysis was applied to the qualitative data. The two forms of data were then integrated to provide greater insights than would be obtained by either dataset separately.

Results
The regression analyses showed that previous physical activity, current motivation, health status, and age significantly predicted older adults’ physical activity levels. The content analysis revealed that participants addressed all subcomponents of the COM-B model, indicating its pertinence in understanding how older adults discuss their current physical activity levels. The integrated findings showed convergent and divergent results. Overall results indicated that previous physical activity engagement, present motivation, capability, and opportunity influenced older adults’ physical activity levels.

Conclusions
This study is the first to use this mixed-methods design to examine factors influencing physical activity levels among older adults living in rental apartments with community hosts. The integrated result reveals convergence for findings on motivation and physical capability but divergence on psychological capability, opportunity, and previous physical activity. The findings underscore a complex interplay of factors influencing older adults’ physical activity levels and indicate relevance for the COM-B model. The results can guide future research on theoretically informed interventions to promote physical activity and healthy aging. Future research should clarify the role of opportunity for older adults’ physical activity.