bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enamel Matrix Derivative Promotes Healing of a Surgical Wound in the Rat Oral Mucosa
Authors: Maymon‐Gil Tal , Weinberg Evgeny , Nemcovsky Carlos , Weinreb Miron 
Published: January 2016

Background: Enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) play a role in enamel formation and the development of the periodontium. Sporadic clinical observations of periodontal regeneration treatments with enamel matrix derivative (EMD), a commercial formulation of EMPs, suggest that it also promotes post‐surgical healing of soft tissues. In vitro studies showed that EMD stimulates various cellular effects, which could potentially enhance wound healing. This study examines the in vivo effects of EMD on healing of an oral mucosa surgical wound in rats.Methods: A bilateral oral mucosa wound was created via a crestal incision in the anterior edentulous maxilla of Sprague‐Dawley rats. Full‐thickness flaps were raised, and, after suturing, EMD was injected underneath the soft tissues on one side, whereas the EMD vehicle was injected in the contralateral side. Animals were sacrificed after 5 or 9 days, and the wound area was subjected to histologic and immunohistochemical analysis of the epithelial gap, number of macrophages, blood vessels, proliferating cells, and collagen content in the connective tissue (CT). Gene expression analysis was also conducted 2 days post‐surgery.Results: EMD had no effect on the epithelial gap of the wound. On both days 5 and 9, EMD treatment increased significantly the number of blood vessels and the collagen content. EMD also enhanced (by 20% to 40%) the expression of transforming growth factors β1 and β2, vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin‐1β, matrix metalloproteinase‐1, versican, and fibronectin.Conclusion: EMD improves oral mucosa incisional wound healing by promoting formation of blood vessels and collagen fibers in CT.
Did The Labor Contracts Between The UAW And The Big Three Automakers Work?
Authors: Lucas John J. , Furdek Jonathan M. 
Published: January 2016

In the Fall 2007, there were landmark labor contracts agreed upon between the United Autoworkers (UAW) and the Big Three Automakers—General Motors, Ford Motor Company, and Chrysler LLC. The impetus for these truly historic labor agreements was to afford the automakers to remain competitive in the global market while labor was to be protected. Since the passage of these labor contracts, auto sales have continually declined to record lows due to the recession in the United States. This paper will trace the major contractual provisions of these labor agreements and also analyze how effective they were in accomplishing the stated goals for both the UAW and the Big Three automakers. Additionally, the paper will examine the necessary changes needed in these labor contracts if the automakers are to survive in the global economy.
Anaerobic Co‐Digestion of Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. and TWAS for Biomethane Production
Authors: Garoma Temesgen , Nguyen Don 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT: The paper investigated the feasibility of biomethane (bio‐CH4) production from the anaerobic co‐digestion of the microalgae Scenedesmus quadricauda (S. quadricauda) and thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS). The concept was tested in bench‐scale anaerobic digesters by varying the proportions of volatile solids (VS) loading from S. quadricauda and TWAS and two critical operational parameters, temperature and alkalinity. The CH4 production for the various S. quadricauda and TWAS proportions ranged from 234 to 318 mL/g of chemical oxygen demand (COD) digested and 329 to 530 mL/g of VS digested at 35 °C. The reductions in total solids (TS), COD, and VS ranged from 25 to 44%, 46 to 53%, and 40 to 53%, respectively. Temperature had a significant effect on CH4 production, lower temperatures greatly reduced CH4 production. No significant difference in CH4 production was observed for experiments conducted at alkalinity levels of 70, 1630, and 3200 mg/L as CaCO3.
Review of Water Consumption and Water Conservation Technologies in the Algal Biofuel Process
Authors: Tu Qingshi , Lu Mingming , Thiansathit Worrarat , Keener Tim C. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT: Although water is one of the most critical factors affecting the sustainable development of algal biofuels, it is much less studied as compared to the extensive research on algal biofuel production technologies. This paper provides a review of the recent studies on water consumption of the algae biofuel process and presents the water conservation technologies applicable at different stages of the algal biofuel process. Open ponds tend to have much higher water consumption (216 to 2000 gal/gal) than photobioreactors (25 to 72 gal/gal). Algae growth accounts for the highest water consumption (165 to 2000 gal/gal) in the open pond system. Water consumption during harvesting, oil extraction, and biofuel conversion are much less compared with the growth stage. Potential water conservation opportunities include technology innovations and better management practices at different stages of algal biofuel production.
Geochemical Signature of Natural Water Recharge in the Jungar Basin and Its Response to Climate
Authors: Zhu Bingqi , Yu Jingjie , Rioual Patrick 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT: This paper analyzed the physico‐chemical characteristics of natural waters in a drainage system of the Jungar Basin, northwestern China to identify chemical evolution and recharge mechanisms of natural waters in an arid environment. The waters studied are different in mineralization, but are typically carbonate rivers and alkaline in nature. No Cl‐dominated water type occurs, indicating an early stage of water evolution. Regolith and geomorphological parameters controlling ground‐surface temperature may play a large role in the geological evolution of the water. Three main morphological and hydrological units are reflected in water physico‐chemistry. Climate influences the salinization of natural waters substantially. Direct recharge from seasonal snow and ice‐melt water and infiltration of rain to the ground are significant recharge processes for natural waters, but recharge from potential deep groundwater may be less important. The enrichment of ions in lakes has been mainly caused by evaporation rather than through the quality change of the recharged water.
A New Evaluation Method for Groundwater Quality Applied in Guangzhou Region, China: Using Fuzzy Method Combining Toxicity Index
Authors: Liu Fan , Huang Guanxing , Sun Jichao , Jing Jihong , Zhang Ying 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT: Groundwater quality assessment is essential for drinking from a security point of view. In this paper, a new evaluation method called toxicity combined fuzzy evaluation (TCFE) has been put forward, which is based on the fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) method and the toxicity data from Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. The comparison of TCFE and FSE in the groundwater quality assessment of Guangzhou region also has been done. The assessment results are divided into 5 water quality levels; level I is the best while level V is the worst. Results indicate that the proportion of level I, level II, and level III used by the FSE method was 69.33% in total. By contrast, this proportion rose to 81.33% after applying the TCFE method. In addition, 66.7% of level IV samples in the FSE method became level I (50%), level II (25%), and level III (25%) in the TCFE method and 29.41% of level V samples became level I (50%) and level III (50%). This trend was caused by the weight change after the combination of toxicity index. By analyzing the changes of different indicators' weight, it could be concluded that the better‐changed samples mainly exceeded the corresponding standards of regular indicators and the deteriorated samples mainly exceeded the corresponding standards of toxic indicators. The comparison between the two results revealed that the TCFE method could represent the health implications of toxic indicators reasonably. As a result, the TCFE method is more scientific in view of drinking safety.
Influence of Water Table Depth on Pore Water Chemistry and Trihalomethane Formation Potential in Peatlands
Authors: Gough Rachel , Holliman Peter J. , Fenner Nathalie , Peacock Mike , Freeman Christopher 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT: Drained peatland catchments are reported to produce more colored, dissolved organic carbon (DOC)‐rich water, presenting problems for potable water treatment. The blocking of peatland drainage ditches to restore the water table is increasingly being considered as a strategy to address this deterioration in water quality. However, the effect of ditch blocking on the potential of DOC to form trihalomethanes (THMs) has not been assessed. In this study, the effect of peat rewetting on pore water DOC concentration and characteristics (including THM formation potential [THMFP]) was assessed over 12 months using peat cores collected from two drained peatland sites. The data show little evidence of differences in DOC concentration or characteristics between the different treatments. The absence of any difference in the THMFP of pore water between treatments suggests that, in the short term at least, ditch blocking may not have an effect on the THMFP of waters draining peatland catchments.
Removal Rate of Organic Matter Using Natural Cellulose via Adsorption Isotherm and Kinetic Studies
Authors: Din Mohd Fadhil Md , Ponraj Mohanadoss , Low Wen‐Pei , Fulazzaky Mohamad Ali , Iwao Kenzo , Songip Ahmad Rahman , Chelliapan Shreeshivadasan , Ismail Zulhilmi , Jamal Mohamad Hidayat 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT: In this study, the removal of natural organic matter (NOM) using coconut fiber (CF) and palm oil fiber (POF) was investigated. Preliminary analysis was performed using a jar test for the selection of optimal medium before the fabricated column model experiment. The equilibrium studies on isotherms and kinetic models for NOM adsorption were analyzed using linearized correlation coefficient. Results showed that the equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir isotherm model for both CF and POF. The most suitable adsorption model was the pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model for POF and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model for CF. The adsorption capacities achieved by the CF and POF were 15.67 and 30.8 mg/g respectively. Based on this investigation, it can be concluded that the POF is the most suitable material for the removal of NOM in semi polluted river water.
The Impact of Oxone on Disintegration and Dewaterability of Waste Activated Sludge
Authors: Wacławek Stanisław , Grübel Klaudiusz , Chłąd Zuzanna , Dudziak Mariusz , Černík Miroslav 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT: Biochemical parameters such as soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), phosphate, ammonium nitrogen and proteins are often used to characterize the efficiency of disintegration of waste activated sludge (WAS) flocs and microorganism cells. In this study, the chemical disintegration using peroxymonosulfate (MPS, Oxone) and thermally activated MPS, were evaluated for the destruction of WAS. Our study was conducted for chemical disintegration of WAS by MPS in doses between 84.7 ‐ 847.5 mg/gTS activated by temperatures of 50, 70 and 90 °C over 30 minutes. The application of these methods causes an increase in the soluble COD value and protein concentration in the supernatant. Also, they positively influence the sludge volume index (SVI) which decreased from 89.8 to 17.2 ml/g. Our research work confirmed that the application of thermally activated MPS may become a new effective way of improving sewage treatment and sewage sludge processing.
Influence of SRT and HRT on Bioprocess Performance in Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors Treating Municipal Wastewater
Authors: Dong Qirong , Parker Wayne , Dagnew Martha 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the impact of Solid Retention Time (SRT) (40 to 100 days) and Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) (2.5 to 8.5 hours) on the treatment of municipal wastewater in pilot and bench scale AnMBRs. The results revealed good permeate quality with respect to concentrations of COD (<40 mg/L) and BOD5 (<10 mg/L) was achieved under all conditions. Over the range of values tested SRT and HRTdid not significantly influence COD and BOD5 removal efficiencies. Extended SRTs resulted in reduced sludge production and enhanced methane production. Oversaturation of dissolved methane in permeate appears to have been responsible for a consistent lack of COD mass balance closure in all tests. After calibration of biokinetic coefficients, PetWin 4 (EnviroSim Canada) was found to effectively simulate the concentrations of particulate COD, readily biodegradable COD and acetic acid over a range of SRTs and HRTs. The calibrated saturation coefficients for hydrolysis and aceticlastic methanogenesis processes were comparable to those reported in literature. The saturation coefficient of fermentation was significantly lower than those reported in literature. The simulated methane mass flows were consistently higher than the measured values which was consistent with the lack of COD mass balance closure and was attributed to reduction of sulfate and oversaturation of the permeate with respect to Henry's Law.
Approach to Assessing the Effects of Aerial Deposition on Water Quality in the Alberta Oil Sands Region
Authors: Dayyani Shadi , Daly Gillian , Vandenberg Jerry 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT: Snow cover forms a porous medium that acts as a receptor for aerially deposited polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals. The snowpack, acting as a temporary storage reservoir, releases contaminants accumulating over the winter during a relatively short melt period. This process could result in elevated concentrations of contaminants in melt water. Recent studies in the Alberta oil sands region have documented increases in snowpack and lake sediment concentrations; however, no studies have addressed the fate and transport of contaminants during the snowmelt period. This study describes modelling approaches that were developed to assess potential effects of aerially deposited PAHs and metals to snowpack and snowmelt water concentrations. The contribution of snowmelt to freshwater PAH concentrations is assessed using a dynamic, multi‐compartmental fate model, and the contribution to metal concentrations is estimated using a mass‐balance approach. The modelling approaches described herein were applied to two watersheds in the Alberta oil sands region for two planned oil sands developments. Accumulation of PAHs in a lake within the deposition zone was also modelled for comparison to observed concentrations.
A case of isolated amyloid light-chain amyloidosis of the radial nerve
Authors: Cheng Ron Ron , Eskandari Ramin , Welsh Cynthia T. , Varma Abhay K. 
Published: January 2016

Peripheral nerve involvement may be the first sign of systemic amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, a rare disease. Physical examination and electrodiagnostic testing are the mainstays of peripheral neuropathy evaluation at presentation. Sural nerve biopsy is performed in conjunction with serum and urine protein evaluation to differentiate between focal and systemic disease. Systemic disease is treated with a combination of chemotherapy, steroids, and stem cell transplantation. Isolated peripheral nerve disease is extremely rare.
The authors here report the case of an 80-year-old woman who presented with progressive right upper-extremity weakness due to right radial neuropathy discovered upon electrodiagnostic testing. Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) revealed a focal lesion within the right radial nerve. She underwent radial nerve exploration and excision of an intraneural mass consisting of amyloid on histopathology, with mass spectrometry analysis diagnostic for AL amyloidosis. Noninvasive testing and clinical history did not suggest systemic involvement. This unique case of isolated peripheral nerve AL amyloidosis in the absence of signs and symptoms of systemic disease is described, and the literature demonstrating peripheral nerve involvement in AL amyloidosis is reviewed.
The long-term recurrence of Rathke's cleft cysts as predicted by histology but not by surgical procedure
Authors: Kinoshita Yasuyuki , Tominaga Atsushi , Usui Satoshi , Arita Kazunori , Sakoguchi Tetsuhiko , Sugiyama Kazuhiko , Kurisu Kaoru 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
Patients with symptomatic Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) managed by surgical treatment often experience recurrence. The authors attempted to clarify the outcome of surgically treated RCCs over a long-term follow-up period.

METHODS
Ninety-one consecutive RCC patients with a follow-up period of more than 12 months (mean 80.2 months, range 12–297 months) were retrospectively studied. The authors examined the clinical features and postoperative course of patients who experienced a reaccumulation of cyst contents visible on MRI after the initial surgery, and they investigated data from the patients who underwent reoperation for symptomatic recurrent RCCs.

RESULTS
Reaccumulation of cyst contents occurred in 36 patients (39.6%). In 34 of these patients, a reaccumulation occurred in the first 5 years after surgery. The initial cysts in these patients were most often large, with squamous metaplasia in the cyst walls. Thirteen patients (14.3%) with recurrent symptoms underwent a reoperation, and 10 of the 13 patients had a reaccumulation of RCCs within the 1st year after surgery. The reoperations were performed in the 1st year (61.5%) or several years later (23.1%). Patients were likely to initially have had a visual disturbance and the cyst walls likely included squamous metaplasia. However, no association was observed between the incidence of reaccumulation/reoperation of RCCs and the surgical procedure for RCCs.

CONCLUSIONS
The reaccumulation rate of RCC is high in the long-term period, and it is associated with the histological findings but not with the surgical procedure. Long-term monitoring, for a period of at least 5 years, should therefore be conducted to identify and assess any RCC reaccumulation.
Role of terminal and anastomotic circulation in the patency of arteries jailed by flow-diverting stents: animal flow model evaluation and preliminary results
Authors: Iosif Christina , Berg Philipp , Ponsonnard Sebastien , Carles Pierre , Saleme Suzana , Pedrolo-Silveira Eduardo , Mendes Georges , Waihrich Eduardo , Trolliard Gilles , Couquet Claude-Yves , Yardin Catherine , Mounayer Charbel 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
The authors describe herein the creation of an animal model capable of producing quantifiable data regarding blood flow rate and velocity modifications in terminal and anastomotic types of cerebrofacial circulation. They also present the preliminary results of a translational study aimed at investigating the role of terminal and anastomotic types of circulation in arterial branches jailed by flow-diverting stents as factors contributing to arterial patency or occlusion.

METHODS
Two Large White swine were used to validate a terminal-type arterial model at the level of the right ascending pharyngeal artery (APhA), created exclusively by endovascular means. Subsequently 4 Large White swine, allocated to 2 groups corresponding to the presence (Group B) or absence (Group A) of terminal-type flow modification, underwent placement of flow-diverting stents. Blood flow rates and velocities were quantified using a dedicated time-resolved 3D phase-contrast MRA sequence before and after stenting. Three months after stent placement, the stented arteries were evaluated with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Patent (circulating) ostia quantification was performed on the SEM images.

RESULTS
Terminal-type flow modification was feasible; an increase of 75.8% in mean blood velocities was observed in the right APhAs. The mean blood flow rate for Group A was 0.31 ± 0.19 ml/sec (95% CI −1.39 to 2.01) before stenting and 0.21 ± 0.07 ml/sec (95% CI −0.45 to 0.87) after stenting. The mean blood flow rate for Group B was 0.87 ± 0.32 ml/sec (95% CI −1.98 to 3.73) before stenting and 0.76 ± 0.13 ml/sec (95% CI −0.41 to 1.93) after stenting. Mean flow rates after stenting showed a statistically significant difference between Groups A and B (Welch test). Mean and maximal blood velocities were reduced in Group A cases and did not decrease in Group B cases. Control DSA and SEM findings showed near occlusion of the jailed APhAs in both cases of anastomotic circulation (mean patent ostium surface 32,776 μm2) and patency in both cases of terminal-type circulation (mean patent ostium surface 422,334 μm2).

CONCLUSIONS
Terminal-type arterial modification in swine APhAs is feasible. Sufficient data were acquired to perform an a priori analysis for further research. Flow diversion at the level of the APhA ostium resulted in significant stenosis in cases of anastomotic circulation, while sufficient patency was observed in terminal-type circulation.
Tumor cell–specific chromosomal abnormality in the vascular endothelial cells of anaplastic oligodendroglioma
Authors: Jiang Haihui , Zhang Zhe , Ren Xiaohui , Zeng Wei , Wang Junmei , Lin Song 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
1p/19q co-deletion is a well-established tumor cell–specific chromosomal abnormality in oligodendroglial tumors. The endothelial cells (ECs) of oligodendroglial tumor vessels are considered to be normal cells that do not acquire mutations.

METHODS
A total of 30 samples from 16 male and 14 female patients (median age of 46.5 years) with a histological diagnosis of primary anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) were collected in the study. The immunofluorescence technique was used to identify vascular ECs, and the 1p/19q status was detected with fluorescence in situ hybridization. Kaplan-Meier plots were compared using the log-rank method.

RESULTS
The ECs in AO had a higher 1p36 (detected signal) deletion rate than 1q25 (reference signal) (p < 0.01) and a higher 19q13 (detected signal) deletion rate than 19p13 (reference signal) (p < 0.01). The survival analysis results showed that both the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the patients with 1p/19q–co-deleted ECs were significantly longer than those with 1p/19q-intact ECs (PFS, p < 0.001; OS, p < 0.001). This correlation was validated by an independent cohort. In addition, the Cox regression model revealed that 1p/19q co-deletion in ECs was an independent prognostic factor (HR 0.056 [95% CI 0.012–0.261], p < 0.001 for PFS; HR 0.061 [95% CI 0.013–0.280], p < 0.01 for OS).

CONCLUSIONS
1p/19q co-deletion and polysomy can be also found in the ECs of AO, which suggests that the ECs are, in part, tumor related and reflect a novel aspect of tumor angiogenesis.