bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the role of the ERD15 gene in wheat's tolerance to combined drought and salinity stress: a meta‐analysis of QTL and RNA‐Seq data
Authors: Shamloo‐Dashtpagerdi Roohollah , Tanin Mohammad Jafar , Aliakbari Massume , Saini Dinesh Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe coexistence of drought and salinity stresses in field conditions significantly hinders wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing response and tolerance to these stresses is crucial for developing resilient wheat varieties. Our research, employing a combination of meta‐QTL and meta‐RNA‐Seq transcriptome analyses, has uncovered the genome functional landscape of wheat in response to drought and salinity. We identified 118 meta‐QTLs (MQTLs) distributed across all 21 wheat chromosomes, with ten designated as the most promising. Additionally, we found 690 meta‐differentially expressed genes (mDEGs) shared between drought and salinity stress. Notably, our findings highlight the Early Responsive to Dehydration 15 (ERD15) gene, located in one of the most promising MQTLs, as a key gene in the shared gene network of drought and salinity stress. ERD15, differentially expressed between contrasting wheat genotypes under combined stress conditions, significantly regulates water relations, photosynthetic activity, antioxidant activity, and ion homeostasis. These findings not only provide valuable insights into the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying combined stress tolerance in wheat but also hold the potential to contribute significantly to the development of stress‐resilient wheat varieties.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter carbon metabolism and invertase genes expressions of Populus simonii × P. nigra under drought stress
Authors: Tao Jing , Dong Fengxin , Wang Yihan , Xu Tingying , Chen Hui , Tang Ming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in regulating the allocation of carbon between source and sink tissues in plants and in regulating their stress responses by changing the sucrose biosynthesis, transportation, and catabolism in plants. Invertase, a key enzyme for plant development, participates in the response of plants to drought stress by regulating sucrose metabolism. However, the detailed mechanisms by which INV genes respond to drought stress in mycorrhizal plants remain unclear. This study examined the sugar content, enzyme activity, and expression profiles of INV genes of Populus simonii × P. nigra (PsnINVs) under two inoculation treatments (inoculation or non‐inoculation) and two water conditions (well‐watered or drought stress). Results showed that under drought stress, AMF up‐regulated the expressions of PsnA/NINV1, PsnA/NINV2, PsnA/NINV3, and PsnA/NINV5 in leaves, which may be related to the enhancement of photosynthetic capacity. Additionally, AMF up‐regulated the expressions of PsnA/NINV6, PsnA/NINV10, and PsnA/NINV12 in leaves, which may be related to enhancing osmotic regulation ability and drought tolerance.
How beliefs about tampering with nature influence support for enhanced geothermal systems: A cross‐national study
Authors: Cousse Julia , McComas Katherine , Lambert Catherine , Balog‐Way Dominic , Trutnevyte Evelina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMany believe that enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) can greatly increase the extraction of geothermal energy worldwide, helping to decarbonize heat and electricity production. Effective communication is key to realizing the potential of EGS, yet we currently know little about how the public perceives this emerging technology. This exploratory study contributes to the literature with a cross‐national survey in the United States (n = 1003) and Switzerland (n = 1028), two countries with active EGS projects. Specifically, we explore how EGS support relates to beliefs about the deep underground and perceptions of EGS as tampering with nature. The results show that respondents tend to perceive the deep underground as part of nature, dangerous, and unpredictable. The majority are positive about using the deep underground as a resource, although there were variations regarding specific underground activities. In both countries, EGS support is greater for respondents who perceive the underground as something for human use, perceive more benefits than risks from EGS, and support their country's transition to renewable energy. In Switzerland, EGS support is positively related to trust in industry developers and negatively related to perceptions that EGS is tampering with nature. The results offer novel theoretical insights into perceptions of the deep underground in relation to energy development. From a practical standpoint, the results suggest that those seeking to develop EGS may want to consider how to familiarize individuals with current subsurface energy activities, including efforts to protect the underground from unwanted consequences of “tampering,” alongside engaging in discussions about the risks and benefits of EGS.
Out of sight but still in mind: Developing an expectation for surprises by formalizing unknowledge in a contemporary risk‐assessment framework
Authors: Derbyshire James , Aven Terje 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExtreme events like the credit crunch, the September 11th attacks, the coronavirus pandemic, and Hamas’ attack on Israel each have in common that they should not have come as a surprise, yet still did. One reason surprises happen is that a risk assessment reflects the knowledge of the assessors, yet risk also includes uncertainties that extend beyond this knowledge. A risk assessment is thus susceptible to surprises as it focuses attention on what is known. Developing an expectation for surprises is key to their avoidance and requires that risk assessors specifically consider their “unknowledge”—that is, what they do not presently know about an event, outcome, or activity and its potential consequences and triggers. One way to emphasize the need for risk assessors to consider unknowledge is to explicitly include it as a separate component in risk‐assessment frameworks. This article formalizes the inclusion of unknowledge in a contemporary risk‐assessment framework.
The hysteretic Aw–Rascle–Zhang model
Authors: Corli Andrea , Fan Haitao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA novel hyperbolic system of partial differential equations is introduced to model traffic flows. This system comprises three equations, with two being linearly degenerate; its main feature is the inclusion of a hysteretic term in a generalized Aw–Rascle–Zhang (ARZ) model. First, a maximum principle for the diffusive version of the model is proven. Then, it is demonstrated that a solution to the Riemann problem exists, which is unique among solutions that are monotone in velocity; all waves exploited in the construction have suitable viscous profiles. Through several examples it is shown how, as a consequence of different driving habits, the system can model the decay, emergence, or persistence of stop‐and‐go waves (a feature that is missing in the ARZ model), and such behavior is characterized by a simple geometric condition. Furthermore, the model allows the study of traffic flows with a mixture of drivers whose hysteresis loops are either clockwise or counterclockwise. In particular, the presence of sufficiently many of the former dampens speed oscillations.
Deep learning to capture leaf shape in plant images: Validation by geometric morphometrics
Authors: Hodač Ladislav , Karbstein Kevin , Kösters Lara , Rzanny Michael , Wittich Hans Christian , Boho David , Šubrt David , Mäder Patrick , Wäldchen Jana 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYPlant leaves play a pivotal role in automated species identification using deep learning (DL). However, achieving reproducible capture of leaf variation remains challenging due to the inherent “black box” problem of DL models. To evaluate the effectiveness of DL in capturing leaf shape, we used geometric morphometrics (GM), an emerging component of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) toolkits. We photographed Ranunculus auricomus leaves directly in situ and after herbarization. From these corresponding leaf images, we automatically extracted DL features using a neural network and digitized leaf shapes using GM. The association between the extracted DL features and GM shapes was then evaluated using dimension reduction and covariation models. DL features facilitated the clustering of leaf images by source populations in both in situ and herbarized leaf image datasets, and certain DL features were significantly associated with biological leaf shape variation as inferred by GM. DL features also enabled leaf classification into morpho‐phylogenomic groups within the intricate R. auricomus species complex. We demonstrated that simple in situ leaf imaging and DL reproducibly captured leaf shape variation at the population level, while combining this approach with GM provided key insights into the shape information extracted from images by computer vision, a necessary prerequisite for reliable automated plant phenotyping.
LlbHLH87 interacts with LlSPT to modulate thermotolerance via activation of LlHSFA2 and LlEIN3 in lily
Authors: Wu Ze , Gong Xue , Zhang Yinyi , Li Ting , Xiang Jun , Fang Qianqian , Yu Junpeng , Ding Liping , Liang Jiahui , Teng Nianjun 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYBasic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) proteins comprise one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants, which play roles in plant development, secondary metabolism, and the response to biotic/abiotic stresses. However, the roles of bHLH proteins in thermotolerance are largely unknown. Herein, we identified a heat‐inducible member of the bHLH family in lily (Lilium longiflorum), named LlbHLH87, which plays a role in thermotolerance. LlbHLH87 was rapidly induced by transient heat stress, and its encoded protein was localized to the nucleus, exhibiting transactivation activity in both yeast and plant cells. Overexpression of LlbHLH87 in Arabidopsis enhanced basal thermotolerance, while silencing of LlbHLH87 in lily reduced basal thermotolerance. Further analysis showed that LlbHLH87 bound to the promoters of HEAT STRESS TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR A2 (LlHSFA2) and ETHYLENE‐INSENSITIVE 3 (LlEIN3) to directly activate their expression. In addition, LlbHLH87 interacted with itself and with SPATULA (LlSPT) protein. LlSPT was activated by extended heat stress and its protein competed for the homologous interaction of LlbHLH87, which reduced the transactivation ability of LlbHLH87 for target genes. Compared with that observed under LlbHLH87 overexpression alone, co‐overexpression of LlbHLH87 and LlSPT reduced the basal thermotolerance of lily to sudden heat shock, but improved its thermosensitivity to prolonged heat stress treatment. Overall, our data demonstrated that LlbHLH87 regulates thermotolerance via activation of LlEIN3 and LlHSFA2, along with an antagonistic interaction with LlSPT.
Knockdown of β‐conglycinin α′ and α subunits alters seed protein composition and improves salt tolerance in soybean
Authors: Yang Rufei , Ma Yujie , Yang Zhongyi , Pu Yixiang , Liu Mengyu , Du Jingyi , Xu Zhiri , Xu Zefei , Zhang Shanshan , Zhang Hengyou , Zhang Wei , Yu Deyue , Kan Guizhen 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYSoybean is an important plant source of protein worldwide. Increasing demands for soybean can be met by improving the quality of its seed protein. In this study, GmCG‐1, which encodes the β‐conglycinin α′ subunit, was identified via combined genome‐wide association study and transcriptome analysis. We subsequently knocked down GmCG‐1 and its paralogues GmCG‐2 and GmCG‐3 with CRISPR‐Cas9 technology and generated two stable multigene knockdown mutants. As a result, the β‐conglycinin content decreased, whereas the 11S/7S ratio, total protein content and sulfur‐containing amino acid content significantly increased. Surprisingly, the globulin mutant exhibited salt tolerance in both the germination and seedling stages. Little is known about the relationship between seed protein composition and the salt stress response in soybean. Metabonomics and RNA‐seq analysis indicated that compared with the WT, the mutant was formed through a pathway that was more similar to that of active salicylic acid biosynthesis; however, the synthesis of cytokinin exhibited greater defects, which could lead to increased expression of plant dehydrin‐related salt tolerance proteins and cell membrane ion transporters. Population evolution analysis suggested that GmCG‐1, GmCG‐2, and GmCG‐3 were selected during soybean domestication. The soybean accessions harboring GmCG‐1Hap1 presented relatively high 11S/7S ratios and relatively high salt tolerance. In conclusion, knockdown of the β‐conglycinin α and α′ subunits can improve the nutritional quality of soybean seeds and increase the salt tolerance of soybean plants, providing a strategy for designing soybean varieties with high nutritional value and high salt tolerance.
Herglotz's representation and Carathéodory's approximation
Authors: Bhattacharyya Tirthankar , Bhowmik Mainak , Kumar Poornendu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHerglotz's representation of holomorphic functions with positive real part and Carathéodory's theorem on approximation by inner functions are two well‐known classical results in the theory of holomorphic functions on the unit disc. We show that they are equivalent. On a multi‐connected domain , a version of Heglotz's representation is known. Carathéodory's approximation was not known. We formulate and prove it and then show that it is equivalent to the known form of Herglotz's representation. Additionally, it also enables us to prove a new Heglotz's representation in the style of Korányi and Pukánszky. Of particular interest is the fact that the scaling technique of the disc is replaced by Carathéodory's approximation theorem while proving this new form of Herglotz's representation. Carathéodory's approximation theorem is also proved for operator‐valued functions on a multi‐connected domain.
Visual placebo and nocebo effects
Authors: Piedimonte Alessandro , Volpino Valeria , Campaci Francesco , Deplano Martina , Borghesi Francesca , Pollo Antonella , Carlino Elisa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPlacebo and nocebo effects modulate symptom perception through expectations and learning processes in various domains. Predominantly, their impact has been investigated on pain and physical performance. However, the influence of placebos and nocebos on visual system functionality has yet to be explored. The present study aimed to test whether placebo and nocebo effects can intervene in altering participants’ performance outcomes during a novel visual accuracy task and to examine the underlying neural mechanisms through EEG. After performing a baseline session, visual accuracy was said to be enhanced or disrupted by a sham transcranial electrical stimulation over the occipital lobe. Behavioural results showed a significant increase in visual accuracy for the placebo group, from the baseline session to the test session, whereas the nocebo group showed a decrease in visual accuracy. EEG analyses on the event‐related potential P300 component, conducted on both a centro‐parietal electrode patch and a parieto‐occipital, one displayed an increase in the amplitude of P300 for the placebo group, and a decrease in the nocebo group. These findings suggest for the first time that placebo and nocebo effects can influence visual perception and attentional processes linked to it. Overall, the present study contributes to understanding how expectations affect sensory perception beyond pain and the motor system, paving the way for investigating these phenomena in other sensory modalities such as auditory or olfactory perception.
imageKey points
Placebo and nocebo effects have been studied predominantly in pain and motor performance fields.
In a novel visual task, the impact of placebo and nocebo effects on the visual system has been evaluated, in both early components (stimuli‐related) and late components (attention‐related).
The placebo group showed an increase in visual accuracy and EEG‐evoked potential amplitudes, whereas the nocebo group showed a decrease in both.
This study shows how expectations and the related placebo and nocebo effects can shape basic stimuli sensory perception in the visual domain.
A Multichamber Pulsating-Flow Device With Optimized Spatial Shear Stress and Pressure for Endothelial Cell Testing
Authors: Campos Obed A. , Garcia-Herreros Antoni , Sánchez Antonio L. , Fineman Jeffrey R. , Pawlak Geno 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Design and analysis are presented for a new device to test the response of endothelial cells to the simultaneous action of cyclic shear stresses and pressure fluctuations. The design consists of four pulsatile-flow chambers connected in series, where shear stress is identical in all four chambers and pressure amplitude decreases in successive chambers. Each flow chamber is bounded above and below by two parallel plates separated by a small gap. The design of the chamber planform must ensure that cells within the testing region experience spatially uniform time-periodic shear stress. For conditions typically encountered in applications, the viscous unsteady flow exhibits order-unity values of the associated Womersley number. The corresponding solution to the unsteady lubrication problem, with general nonsinusoidal flowrate, is formulated in terms of a stream function satisfying Laplace's equation, which can be integrated numerically to determine the spatial distribution of shear stresses for chambers of general planform. The results are used to optimize the design of a device with a hexagonal planform. Accompanying experiments using particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) in a fabricated chamber were conducted to validate theoretical predictions. Pressure readings indicate that intrachamber pressure variations associated with viscous pressure losses and acoustic fluctuations are relatively small, so that all cells in a given testing region experience nearly equal pressure forces.
A Novel Electric Vehicle Thermal Management System Based on Charging Station Heat Pump System During Fast Charging
Authors: Ye Li , Shang Fei , Shen Hongjie , Shi Anning , Li Haodong , Lou Yanyan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A battery thermal management system based on a charging station heat pump system is proposed to improve battery charging efficiency during high-power direct current charging. The system provides coolant of appropriate temperature through the charging station heat pump system. It enables the battery to be charged at the optimal temperature for charging, which improves the charging efficiency and reduces the charging time. The two system models are modeled and analyzed using numerical simulation software, and the temperature characteristics and charging time of the proposed system and the original battery thermal management system based on the electric vehicle heat pump system are analyzed under five different temperature conditions. The results show that the proposed system has a higher efficiency, through different ambient temperatures, we can find that at a low temperature of −20 °C, compared with the original system, the efficiency of the system is particularly significant, and can save 24.6％ charging time. At various ambient temperatures, the maximum temperature of the battery can be maintained at 50 °C to maintain a good state. Comparing the charging time for the power battery at each stage, the proposed system mainly reduces the charging time in the range of 0–20% of the battery state of charge compared to the original system.
Unsteady Flow Structure of Rotating Instability in a 1.5-Stage Axial Compressor
Authors: Fujisawa Nobumichi , Ohta Yutaka , Yamagami Mai , Goto Takashi , Kato Dai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The unsteady flow structure of the rotating instability (RI) in a 1.5-stage axial compressor is investigated through experimental and numerical analyses. In the tested compressor, the total pressure rise of the rotor stagnates at a certain flow coefficient before it increases again toward a lower flowrate in a case involving a wide tip clearance. The RI appears beyond this stagnant point as the compressor is throttled. The RI indicates a gentle hump in the frequency spectra of wall pressure or the flow velocity near the tip in a range of approximately 20–40% of the blade-passing frequency. As the flowrate decreases, the mode order of the RI increases, in contrast to the more commonly reported tendency, while the propagation velocity remains constant. These features are well captured by detached eddy simulation (DES) of the half-annulus model, with which the unsteady flow structure is further investigated. At its onset, RI is formed by the collision of the tip leakage vortex onto the pressure surface of the adjacent blade and subsequent vortex segmentation. This vortex structure spans two blade passages and propagates in the direction opposite to the rotor rotation. As the compressor is throttled, RI becomes more dominated by the circumferential propagation of vortex breakdown of tip leakage vortices, which occur simultaneously among neighboring passages with slight phase differences. The mechanism is discussed in relation to the temporal change in the blade tip loading. The frequency of vortex shedding increases with the reduction in flowrate and thus the increase in the number of RI disturbances.
Synthesis of a dehydrodieugenol B derivative as a lead compound for visceral leishmaniasis—mechanism of action and
in vivo
pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Amaral Maiara , Romanelli Maiara M. , Asiki Hannah , Bicker Joana , Lage Daniela P. , Freitas Camila S. , Taniwaki Noemi N. , Lago Joao Henrique G. , Coelho Eduardo A. F. , Falcão Amílcar , Fortuna Ana , Anderson Edward A. , Tempone Andre G. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic neglected tropical disease, affecting 12 million people. Available treatments present several limitations, with an increasing number of resistance cases. In the search for new chemotherapies, the natural product dehydrodieugenol B was used as a scaffold for the synthesis of a series of derivatives, resulting in the discovery of the promising analog [4-(4-(5-allyl-3-methoxy-2-((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)phenoxy)-3-methoxybenzyl)morpholine,
1
]. In this work, we investigated the effect of compound
1
on cell signaling in
Leishmania (L.) infantum
, culminating in cell death, as well as its immunomodulatory effect in the host cell. Additionally, we performed a pharmacokinetic profile study in an animal model. After treatment, compound
1
induced the alkalinization of acidocalcisomes and concomitant Ca
2+
release in the parasite. These events may induce depolarization of the mitochondrial potential, with successive collapse of the bioenergetic system, leading to a reduction of ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The analysis of total proteins and protein profile by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) demonstrated that compound
1
also altered the parasite proteins after treatment. Transmission electron microscopy studies revealed ultrastructural damage to mitochondria; together, these data suggest that compound
1
may promote autophagic cell death. Additionally, compound
1
also induced an immunomodulatory effect in host cells, with a reduction of Th1 and Th2 cytokine response, characterizing an anti-inflammatory compound. The obtained pharmacokinetic profile in rats enhances the potential of the compound, with a mean plasma half-life (T
1/2
) of 21 h. These data reinforce the potential of compound
1
as a new lead for future efficacy studies.