bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and safety of upadacitinib retreatment after withdrawal in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a retrospective study
Authors: Hagino Teppei , Saeki Hidehisa , Fujimoto Eita , Kanda Naoko 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Upadacitinib, a Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor, is effective for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Upadacitinib treatment may be discontinued in some patients; however, the effectiveness and safety of retreatment after its withdrawal have not been examined in detail in real-world practice.

Objectives
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of upadacitinib retreatment after withdrawal in real-world clinical practice for Japanese patients with AD.

Methods
This retrospective study included 62 Japanese patients with moderate-to-severe AD treated with upadacitinib 15 mg (n = 38) or 30 mg (n = 24). Effectiveness was assessed using the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (PP-NRS) before treatment (baseline), at timepoints of discontinuation, at retreatment, and at week 12 after retreatment with upadacitinib. Safety was evaluated through the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).

Results
EASI and PP-NRS scores significantly decreased at week 12 after upadacitinib retreatment compared with baseline in both the 15-mg and 30-mg groups (P = 0.01 for EASI and PP-NRS in both groups). At week 12 after retreatment, achievement rates of at least a 75%, 90% or 100% reduction in EASI from baseline (EASI 75, EASI 90 or EASI 100, respectively) were 84%, 57% and 19% in the 15-mg group, and 87%, 57% and 17% in the 30-mg group, respectively. TEAEs were mild or moderate, and no serious AEs or deaths were reported.

Conclusions
Retreatment with upadacitinib after withdrawal effectively improved clinical signs and pruritus in patients with AD, with a manageable safety profile, supporting its use for long-term management of AD.
Electoral Cycles in Fiscal Rules: International Empirical Evidence
Authors: Jung Hoyong , Kim Bong Hwan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Using panel data from 99 countries over the period of 1985–2020, this study aims to uncover that fiscal rules work in electoral cycles. The results show that fiscal rules are less likely to be implemented in the pre-election year. We also find that this loosening in fiscal rules is especially prominent in cases when the incumbent political party can wield significant political power, where countries are less developed economically and politically, and where the management of fiscal rules is more likely to be exposed to discretionary interventions. Our findings are aligned with the opportunistic political budget cycles, in which politicians exploit fiscal policies and systems to serve their own political incentives. These results suggest that even fiscal rules, which are designed to prevent political pressure, are also subject to political process. (JEL codes: D72, D78, E32, E62, H11, and H60).
AI and Digital Technology: Gender Gaps in Higher Education
Authors: Conde-Ruiz José Ignacio , Ganuza Fernandez Juan José , García Manuel , Victoria Lanzón Carlos 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article examines gender gaps in higher education in Spain in the context of technological advancements, particularly digitalization and artificial intelligence (AI). First, analyzing descriptive Spanish data we identify significant disparities, with women overrepresented in health-related fields and underrepresented in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) disciplines. This imbalance is concerning as STEM fields offer better employment prospects and higher salaries. Then, we analyze university degrees’ exposure to technological change through routine task intensity (RTI) and AI exposure indices, as well as a novel index of exposure to emerging digital technologies from 2015 to 2024. Our findings show that women are more enrolled in degrees with higher RTI, prone to automation, and less in degrees with higher AI exposure, likely to benefit from technological advancements. This suggests technological change could widen existing labor market gender gaps. To address this, we recommend policies to boost female participation in STEM fields and adapt educational curricula to reduce routine tasks and enhance AI complementarities, ensuring equitable labor market outcomes amid technological change. (JEL codes: I23, I26, J16, J24).
Xerogel synthesis from carbon materials and glue inspired by Japanese-solid-calligraphy ink
Authors: Kubota Sakurako , Yoshioka Fuwa , Takada Masato , Itoh Rui , Uzawa Airi , Ugawa Arisa , Masuda Kotone , Emizu Wakana , Hayakawa Junpei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Japanese-solid-calligraphy ink is a xerogel made by mixing soot and glue followed by molding and drying. Herein, we prepare xerogels from glue and 1 or 2 carbon materials (fullerene C60, multiwalled and single-walled carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, graphite, graphene, and carbon nanohorns) and characterize their surface morphology, indentation hardness, surface resistivity, and other physical properties. Our ecofriendly and simple synthesis does not require special equipment and affords xerogels holding promise as electrode materials.
Monorhinal and birhinal odor processing in humans: an fMRI investigation
Authors: Ekanayake Anupa , Peiris Senal , Kanekar Sangam , Tobia Michael , Yang Qing , Ahmed Biyar , McCaslin Silas , Kalra Deepak , Eslinger Paul , Karunanayaka Prasanna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The olfactory nerve, also known as cranial nerve I, is known to have exclusive ipsilateral projections to primary olfactory cortical structures. However, the lateralization of olfactory processes is known to depend on the task and nature of stimuli. It still remains unclear whether olfactory system projections in humans also correspond to functional pathways during olfactory tasks without any trigeminal, perceptual, or cognitive-motor components. Twenty young healthy subjects with a normal sense of smell took part in an olfactory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. We used 2 types of nostril-specific stimulation, passive (no sniffing), and active (with sniffing), with phenyl ethyl alcohol, a pure olfactory stimulant, to investigate fMRI activity patterns in primary and secondary olfactory-related brain structures. Irrespective of the stimulated nostril and the type of stimulation, we detected symmetrical activity in primary and secondary olfactory-related brain structures such as the primary olfactory cortex, entorhinal cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex. In the absence of perceptual or cognitive-motor task demands, the perception of monorhinally presented pure odors is processed bilaterally in the brain.
GRAN: a SDN intrusion detection model based on graph attention network and residual learning
Authors: Zhang Yue , Jue Chen , Liu Wanxiao , Ma Yurui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the landscape of computer networks has witnessed the advent of a transformative architectural paradigm, termed Software Defined Networking (SDN). This innovative architecture endeavors to confront and transcend the intrinsic limitations of traditional network frameworks, while its burgeoning deployment of SDN simultaneously introduces additional complexities to network security. Therefore, this paper focuses on the detection of abnormal behavior in SDN as well as identification of different network attack types. First of all, we propose a feature processing method for the high-dimensional data of SDN network traffic. Secondly, we introduce a new intrusion detection solution for SDN, i.e. Graph Residual Attention Network (GRAN), which leverages the available graph information to integrate attention mechanism and residual learning into Graph Neural Networks. Finally, we implement our proposed model as well as other standard intrusion detection models to detect different intrusion types on InSDN dataset. The simulation results show that our proposed model has better performance than other comparative models, in both binary and multi-class classification problems. More specifically, our proposed GRAN model achieves an accuracy of 97.1% on multi-class classification problems, and detects each type of network attack accurately with the precision greater than 81%.
Multimodal prehabilitation to enhance functional capacity of patients with esophageal cancer during concurrent neoadjuvant chemotherapies—a randomized feasibility trial
Authors: St-Pierre Jade , Coca-Martinez Miquel , Drummond Kenneth , Minnella Enrico , Ramanakumar Agnihotram V , Ferri Lorenzo , Carli Franco , Scheede-Bergdahl Celena 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Esophageal adenocarcinoma continues to bear high morbidity and mortality. Prehabilitation, using exercise, nutrition, and psychosocial strategies to optimize patients prior to surgical resection, is largely underexplored in this malignancy, especially in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Objectives of this study were (i) to determine feasibility of prehabilitation during treatment in patients with esophageal cancer and (ii) to establish differences between hospital and home-based exercise. Patients were recruited from August 2019 – February 2023 and blindly randomized to either supervised or homebased exercise, receiving identical nutritional and psychosocial support. The main outcome measures were recruitment, retention, and dropout rates. The secondary outcomes included cardiorespiratory fitness, functional capacity, and quality of life. Forty-four subjects were blindly randomized: 23 to supervised exercise and 21 to home-based exercise (72% recruitment rate). Overall compliance for the supervised group was 72%; home-based group was 77%. Baseline to pre-operative, both groups experienced significant increases in sit-to-stand, arm curls, and amount of weekly moderate–vigorous physical activity. The home-based group experienced an additional considerable decrease in up-and-go test times. Both groups maintained cardiorespiratory fitness and saw substantial increases in some quality-of-life scores. Multimodal prehabilitation is feasible for patients with esophageal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In both groups, patient fitness, which is relevant for this patient population given the anticipated decline in functional status during this period, was maintained. This study provides a foundation for future prehabilitation interventions in this patient population.
Affordance-based lesson planning in pre-service teacher education
Authors: Ončevska Ager Elena , Anderson Jason 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article reports on an exploratory study investigating the extent to which affordance-based lesson planning is feasible and useful in pre-service teacher education. After using both affordance-based and outcomes-based lesson plans, trainee teachers in North Macedonia participated in both a survey and interviews. Respondents found both types of lesson plan useful, but in different ways and for different reasons, with some disagreement among the sample in a number of areas. While their considerations of affordance often helped them to prepare and reflect on lessons effectively, they also expressed concern about the time and cognitive challenge required to do so, with many indicating that they would appreciate more agency, both to develop their own pro formas and to explore affordance in alternative ways, such as through discussions. We conclude our article with a number of reflective questions that may be useful to other teacher educators and practicum supervisors.
HPV-associated cancers among people living with HIV: nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study 2004–21 in Estonia
Authors: Tisler Anna , Toompere Karolin , Bardou Marc , Diaz Jose , Orumaa Madleen , Uusküla Anneli 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cancers represent the primary cause of mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, comprehensive nationwide data regarding cancer incidence remains limited. Our objective was to evaluate the incidence rates of cancers, particularly those associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), within a nationwide study cohort. Using data from the Estonian Health Insurance Fund and the National Cancer Registry from 2004 to 2021, we calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for various cancer types among PLWH to compare to the general population with special emphases on HPV-associated cancers. A total of 7011 individuals (65.7% men) diagnosed with HIV were identified. HPV-associated cancers accounted for 21.4% of all incident cancer cases among PLWH. SIRs for HPV-associated cancers were 3.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2–6.2] among men living with HIV (MLWH) and 5.7 (95% CI 4.0–7.9) among women living with HIV (WLWH). In MLWH, the highest SIRs were for penile 12.5 (95% CI 4.0–38.7), followed by oropharyngeal 3.6 (95% CI 1.7–7.6) and anal–rectal cancers 2.7 (95% CI 1.1–6.4) in comparison to the general population. In WLWH, an increased incidence of cervical (SIR = 5.8, 95% CI 3.9–8.5), oropharyngeal (SIR = 6.1, 95% CI 1.5–24.3), and anal–rectal (SIR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.2–11.2) cancers was observed. A significantly increased risk of AIDS-defining and non-AIDS-defining cancers is reported. We demonstrate a substantially heightened risk of HPV-associated cancers among PLWH compared to the general population, underscoring the imperative for intensified screening and scaled-up vaccination along with improvement in adherence to antiretroviral therapy.
Evidence for a hydrogen sulfide-sensing E3 ligase in yeast
Authors: Johnson Zane , Wang Yun , Sutter Benjamin M , Tu Benjamin P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In yeast, control of sulfur amino acid metabolism relies upon Met4, a transcription factor that activates the expression of a network of enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of cysteine and methionine. In times of sulfur abundance, the activity of Met4 is repressed via ubiquitination by the SCFMet30 E3 ubiquitin ligase, but the mechanism by which the F-box protein Met30 senses sulfur status to tune its E3 ligase activity remains unresolved. Herein, we show that Met30 responds to flux through the trans-sulfuration pathway to regulate the MET gene transcriptional program. In particular, Met30 is responsive to the biological gas hydrogen sulfide, which is sufficient to induce ubiquitination of Met4 in vivo. Additionally, we identify important cysteine residues in Met30's WD-40 repeat region that sense the availability of sulfur in the cell. Our findings reveal how SCFMet30 dynamically senses the flow of sulfur metabolites through the trans-sulfuration pathway to regulate the synthesis of these special amino acids.
Ringing mountain ranges: teleseismic signature of the interaction of high-frequency wavefields with near-source topography at the Degelen nuclear test site
Authors: Pienkowska Marta , Nippress Stuart E J , Bowers David , Nissen-Meyer Tarje 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARY
Over the last decade there has been an international effort to find methods to recover and digitise recordings from historical earthquakes and explosions that occurred during the 1950s through to the 1980s. Making these recordings accessible in digital format offers opportunities to study what signatures are encoded in the data, and to apply state-of-the-art techniques and methods to historical data. In this study, we employ unsupervised machine learning to cluster historical teleseismic waveforms from nuclear explosions conducted at the former USSR Degelen test site, in Kazakhstan, recorded at seismic arrays in the UK (Eskdalemuir array), Canada (Yellowknife array), Australia (Warramunga array), and India (Gauribidanur array). In particular, we use two unsupervised algorithms to cluster waveforms using shape-based clustering: kernel k-means and k-Shape. The algorithms clearly split waveforms into distinct clusters that are spatially related, even when waveform differences are subtle, and we show with local and teleseismic numerical simulations that the clusters are related to the topography. The topography at the Degelen test site has characteristic wavelengths of 2–4 km and local simulations highlight that the seismic wavefield is trapped in reverberating mountain peaks. The location of the explosion is crucial in determining which section of the mountain range reverberates, influencing the outgoing wavefield. Teleseismic waveform simulations confirm that it is this superposition of energy leaving the reverberating peaks that results in the observed teleseismic waveform differences we observe.
GP-Plotter: Flexible Spectral Visualization for Proteomics Data with Emphasis on Glycoproteomics Analysis
Authors: Fang Zheng , Dong Mingming , Qin Hongqiang , Ye Mingliang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Identification evaluation and result dissemination are essential components in mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis. The visualization of fragment ions in mass spectrum provides strong evidence for peptide identification and modification localization. Here, we present an easy-to-use tool, named GP-Plotter, for ion annotation of tandem mass spectra and corresponding image output. Identification result files of common searching tools in the community and user-customized files are supported as input of GP-Plotter. Multiple display modes and parameter customization can be achieved in GP-Plotter to present annotated spectra of interest. Different image formats, especially vector graphic formats, are available for image generation which is favorable for data publication. Notably, GP-Plotter is also well-suited for the visualization and evaluation of glycopeptide spectrum assignments with comprehensive annotation of glycan fragment ions. With a user-friendly graphical interface, GP-Plotter is expected to be a universal visualization tool for the community. GP-Plotter has been implemented in the latest version of Glyco-Decipher (v1.0.4) and the standalone GP-Plotter software is also freely available at https://github.com/DICP-1809.
Healthcare Access for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States: A Survey by the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation
Authors: Jordan Ariel A , Bhat Shubha , Ali Tauseef , Brunskill Sarah R , Clusen Nancy A , Maltz Ross M , Moise Ced , Sun Xiaofan , Thomas Harry J , Ray Cassie , Harkins-Schwarz Mary , Ehrlich Orna G 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundA prior survey disseminated in 2017 identified that healthcare access barriers exist and significantly affect patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We sought to identify, through an updated survey, the healthcare access barriers that patients continue to face, with a focus on socioeconomic factors and patient awareness of resources to navigate existing barriers.MethodsA 52-question online survey evaluating (1) access to healthcare professionals, medications, and procedures; (2) associated financial challenges; and (3) patient awareness of education and advocacy tools to navigate IBD care barriers, was disseminated through multiple channels to IBD patients and their caregivers.ResultsOf the 2281 completed responses, patients on advanced specialty medications, younger than 65 years of age, or on employer insurance experienced significantly greater issues with insurance barriers to accessing medications and coverage of medically necessary tests/treatments. Patients who live in areas of concentrated poverty were more likely to experience poor health outcomes when subjected to step therapy compared to patients who did not. Additionally, patients were more likely to experience one or more financial barriers or trade-offs if the patient used an advanced specialty medicine or lived in an area with concentrated poverty.ConclusionsWhile there have been significant and numerous advancements in IBD treatments, patients with IBD continue to experience barriers to healthcare access and treatment and financial struggles. Ongoing awareness and advocacy efforts focused on healthcare system reform and related policies to further minimize care disparities and barriers remain vital.
COVID-19 Disease Incidence and Severity in Persons Previously Infected and Unvaccinated vs Previously Uninfected and Vaccinated
Authors: Butt Adeel A , Yan Peng , Abou-Samra Abdul-Badi , Shaikh Obaid S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Using the national COVID-19 database of the US Department of Veterans Affairs, we matched pairs of individuals who were previously uninfected and vaccinated (≥2 doses of an mRNA vaccine) and previously infected and unvaccinated. The incidence rate of breakthrough infection among vaccinated individuals (per 1000 person-days, 0.30; 95% CI, .29–.32) was similar to the reinfection rate among unvaccinated individuals (0.31; 95% CI, .30–.32; P = .5). The incidence rate of hospitalization/death was higher after reinfection (7.31; 95% CI, 6.66–8.03) as compared with the rate after breakthrough infection (4.69; 95% CI, 4.06–5.42; P &lt; .0001). The incidence of hospitalization/death is significantly higher after reinfection among unvaccinated individuals as compared with breakthrough infection after vaccination.
Nonkin interactions between Bacillus subtilis soil isolates limit the spread of swarming deficient cheats
Authors: Belcijan Pandur Katarina , Kraigher Barbara , Tomac Ana , Stefanic Polonca , Mandic Mulec Ines 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cooperative behaviours in human, animal, and even microbial societies are vulnerable to exploitation. Kin discrimination has been hypothesized to help stabilize cooperation. However, the mechanisms that sustain cooperative behaviour remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of kin discrimination in limiting the spread of cheats in adjoining populations during surfactant-dependent cooperative swarming over surfaces using the bacterium Bacillus subtilis as a model organism. We show that mixing surfactant secreting cooperators and cheats that do not produce surfactants at 1:1 initial ratio quickly leads to cooperation collapse. However, when such common swarms encounter nonkin B. subtilis swarms, the proportion of the surfactant nonproducers decreases, suggesting that kinship dependent interactions may limit cheats’ advantage in an adjoining population. To further validate this finding, we subjected wild-type cooperators to multiple transient encounters with kin and nonkin swarms over 20 cycles of experimental evolution. The evolved populations exposed to nonkin swarms less frequently contained defective swarming phenotypes compared to those encountering kin swarms. Altogether, our results support the prediction that the spread of cheats in an adjoining bacterial population is impeded by kin discrimination interactions, which might have a role in stabilizing cooperative behaviour in evolving populations.