bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Skeletons: A State‐of‐the‐Art Report
Authors: Tagliasacchi Andrea , Delame Thomas , Spagnuolo Michela , Amenta Nina , Telea Alexandru 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGiven a shape, a skeleton is a thin centered structure which jointly describes the topology and the geometry of the shape. Skeletons provide an alternative to classical boundary or volumetric representations, which is especially effective for applications where one needs to reason about, and manipulate, the structure of a shape. These skeleton properties make them powerful tools for many types of shape analysis and processing tasks. For a given shape, several skeleton types can be defined, each having its own properties, advantages, and drawbacks. Similarly, a large number of methods exist to compute a given skeleton type, each having its own requirements, advantages, and limitations. While using skeletons for two‐dimensional (2D) shapes is a relatively well covered area, developments in the skeletonization of three‐dimensional (3D) shapes make these tasks challenging for both researchers and practitioners. This survey presents an overview of 3D shape skeletonization. We start by presenting the definition and properties of various types of 3D skeletons. We propose a taxonomy of 3D skeletons which allows us to further analyze and compare them with respect to their properties. We next overview methods and techniques used to compute all described 3D skeleton types, and discuss their assumptions, advantages, and limitations. Finally, we describe several applications of 3D skeletons, which illustrate their added value for different shape analysis and processing tasks.
Nudging or Fudging: The World Development Report 2015
Authors: Fine Ben , Johnston Deborah , Santos Ana C. , Van Waeyenberge Elisa 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe World Development Report 2015: Mind Society and Behaviour (World Bank, 2015), seeks a redesign of development policy on the basis of insights emerging from behavioural economics. This article offers a critical assessment of the Report across four dimensions. First, it situates the Report within the broader and evolving knowledge role of the Bank. Second, it locates the Report in the context of the evolution of economics as a discipline and how this informs the shaping of the Bank's development economics. Third, the Report is critically assessed for its narrow take on behavioural economics itself. Finally, the practical significance of the promotion of behavioural economics is considered through reference to its use in interventions in health in general and in response to HIV/AIDS in particular. It is argued that the Report suggests a dramatic and flawed reduction of what development is about, in that it forgoes any analysis of the structural problems facing developing countries and fails to propose major reforms to tackle these.
Pregnancy and melanoma: a European‐wide survey to assess current management and a critical literature overview
Authors: Ribero S. , Longo C. , Dika E. , Fortes C. , Pasquali S. , Nagore E. , Glass D. , Robert C. , Eggermont A.M. , Testori A. , Quaglino P. , Nathan P. , Argenziano G. , Puig S. , Bataille V. ,   Members of the Melanoma Group of the EORTC
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundManagement of melanoma during pregnancy can be extremely challenging. The reported incidence of melanoma in pregnancy ranges from 2.8 to 5.0 per 100 000 pregnancies. There are no guidelines for the management of melanoma during pregnancy.MethodsThe survey was designed to investigate the opinions of melanoma physicians on decision making in relation to pregnancy and melanoma. A clinical scenario‐based survey on management of pregnancy in melanoma was distributed all over Europe via the membership of the EORTC and other European melanoma societies.ResultsA total of 290 questionnaires were returned with a larger participation from southern Europe. A large heterogeneity was found for the answers given in the different clinical scenarios with 50% of the answers showing discordance, especially regarding sentinel lymph node biopsy during pregnancy. Discordant answers were also found for the counselling of women about a potential delay in getting pregnant after a high‐risk melanoma (35% for a 2 year wait minimum vs. 57% no waiting needed), while for thin melanomas, as expected, there was more concordance with 70% of the physicians recommending no delay. Fifteen per cent of physicians recommended an abortion in stage II melanoma during the third month of pregnancy. Twenty per cent of the responders advised against hormonal replacement therapy in melanoma patients.ConclusionsThe management of melanoma during pregnancy varies widely in Europe. At present, there is a lack of consensus in Europe, which may lead to very important decisions in women with melanoma, and guidelines are needed.
What Doesn't Kill You Will Only Make You More Risk‐Loving: Early‐Life Disasters and CEO Behavior
Authors: BERNILE GENNARO , BHAGWAT VINEET , RAU P. RAGHAVENDRA 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe literature on managerial style posits a linear relation between a chief executive officer's (CEOs) past experiences and firm risk. We show that there is a nonmonotonic relation between the intensity of CEOs’ early‐life exposure to fatal disasters and corporate risk‐taking. CEOs who experience fatal disasters without extremely negative consequences lead firms that behave more aggressively, whereas CEOs who witness the extreme downside of disasters behave more conservatively. These patterns manifest across various corporate policies including leverage, cash holdings, and acquisition activity. Ultimately, the link between CEOs’ disaster experience and corporate policies has real economic consequences on firm riskiness and cost of capital.
Simtuzumab treatment of advanced liver fibrosis in HIV and HCV‐infected adults: results of a 6‐month open‐label safety trial
Authors: Meissner Eric G. , McLaughlin Mary , Matthews Lindsay , Gharib Ahmed M. , Wood Bradford J. , Levy Elliot , Sinkus Ralph , Virtaneva Kimmo , Sturdevant Dan , Martens Craig , Porcella Stephen F. , Goodman Zachary D. , Kanwar Bittoo , Myers Robert P. , Subramanian Mani , Hadigan Colleen , Masur Henry , Kleiner David E. , Heller Theo , Kottilil Shyam , Kovacs Joseph A. , Morse Caryn G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundChronic liver injury can result in fibrosis that may progress over years to end‐stage liver disease. The most effective anti‐fibrotic therapy is treatment of the underlying disease, however when not possible, interventions to reverse or slow fibrosis progression are needed.AimThe aim of this study was to study the safety and tolerability of simtuzumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against lysyl oxidase‐like 2 (LOXL2) enzyme, in subjects with hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or HCV‐HIV co‐infection and advanced liver disease.MethodsEighteen subjects with advanced liver fibrosis received simtuzumab 700 mg intravenously every 2 weeks for 22 weeks. Transjugular liver biopsies were performed during screening and at the end of treatment to measure hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and to stage fibrosis.ResultsTreatment was well‐tolerated with no discontinuations due to adverse events. No significant changes were seen in HVPG or liver biopsy fibrosis score after treatment. Exploratory transcriptional and protein profiling using paired pre‐ and post‐treatment liver biopsy and serum samples suggested up‐regulation of TGF‐β3 and IL‐10 pathways with treatment.ConclusionIn this open‐label, pilot clinical trial, simtuzumab treatment was well‐tolerated in HCV‐ and HIV‐infected subjects with advanced liver disease. Putative modulation of TGF‐β3 and IL‐10 pathways during simtuzumab treatment merits investigation in future trials.
Performance in Public Organizations: Clarifying the Conceptual Space
Authors: Andersen Lotte Bøgh , Boesen Andreas , Pedersen Lene Holm 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Performance in public organizations is a key concept that requires clarification. Based on a conceptual review of research published in 10 public administration journals, this article proposes six distinctions to describe the systematic differences in performance criteria: From which stakeholder's perspective is performance being assessed? Are the criteria formal or informal? Are the criteria subjective? Which process focus and product focus do they have, if any? What is the unit of analysis? Based on these distinctions, the performance criteria of existing studies used in an empirical review of management and performance are classified. The results illustrate how a systematization of the conceptual space of performance in public organizations can help researchers select what to study and what to leave out with greater accuracy while also bringing greater clarity to public debates about performance.
Dynamic PET simulator via tomographic emission projection for kinetic modeling and parametric image studies
Authors: Häggström Ida , Beattie Bradley J. , Schmidtlein C. Ross 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:To develop and evaluate a fast and simple tool called dpetstep (Dynamic PET Simulator of Tracers via Emission Projection), for dynamic PET simulations as an alternative to Monte Carlo (MC), useful for educational purposes and evaluation of the effects of the clinical environment, postprocessing choices, etc., on dynamic and parametric images.Methods:The tool was developed in matlab using both new and previously reported modules of petstep (PET Simulator of Tracers via Emission Projection). Time activity curves are generated for each voxel of the input parametric image, whereby effects of imaging system blurring, counting noise, scatters, randoms, and attenuation are simulated for each frame. Each frame is then reconstructed into images according to the user specified method, settings, and corrections. Reconstructed images were compared to MC data, and simple Gaussian noised time activity curves (GAUSS).Results:dpetstep was 8000 times faster than MC. Dynamic images from dpetstep had a root mean square error that was within 4% on average of that of MC images, whereas the GAUSS images were within 11%. The average bias in dpetstep and MC images was the same, while GAUSS differed by 3% points. Noise profiles in dpetstep images conformed well to MC images, confirmed visually by scatter plot histograms, and statistically by tumor region of interest histogram comparisons that showed no significant differences (p < 0.01). Compared to GAUSS, dpetstep images and noise properties agreed better with MC.Conclusions:The authors have developed a fast and easy one‐stop solution for simulations of dynamic PET and parametric images, and demonstrated that it generates both images and subsequent parametric images with very similar noise properties to those of MC images, in a fraction of the time. They believe dpetstep to be very useful for generating fast, simple, and realistic results, however since it uses simple scatter and random models it may not be suitable for studies investigating these phenomena. dpetstep can be downloaded free of cost from https://github.com/CRossSchmidtlein/dPETSTEP.
Complete Genome Sequences of Five Bacteriophages That Infect Rhodobacter capsulatus
Authors: Bollivar David W. , Bernardoni Brooke , Bockman Matthew R. , Miller Brenda M. , Russell Daniel A. , Delesalle Veronique A. , Krukonis Gregory P. , Hatfull Graham F. , Cross Madeline R. , Szewczyk Marlena M. , Eppurath Atul 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Five bacteriophages that infect the
Rhodobacter capsulatus
strain YW1 were isolated from stream water near Bloomington, Illinois, USA. Two distinct genome types are represented in the newly isolated bacteriophages. These genomes are different from other bacteriophage genomes previously described.
Using the Consumer Experience with Pharmacy Services Survey as a quality metric for ambulatory care pharmacies: older adults' perspectives
Authors: Shiyanbola Olayinka O , Mott David A , Croes Kenneth D 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo describe older adults' perceptions of evaluating and comparing pharmacies based on the Consumer Experience with Pharmacy Services Survey (CEPSS), describe older adults' perceived importance of the CEPSS and its specific domains, and explore older adults' perceptions of the influence of specific CEPSS domains in choosing/switching pharmacies.DesignFocus group methodology was combined with the administration of a questionnaire. The focus groups explored participants' perceived importance of the CEPSS and their perception of using the CEPSS to choose and/or switch pharmacies. Then, using the questionnaire, participants rated their perceived importance of each CEPSS domain in evaluating a pharmacy, and the likelihood of using CEPSS to switch pharmacies if their current pharmacy had low ratings. Descriptive and thematic analyses were done.Setting6 semistructured focus groups were conducted in a private meeting room in a Mid-Western state in the USA.Participants60 English-speaking adults who were at least 65 years, and had filled a prescription at a retail pharmacy within 90 days.ResultsDuring the focus groups, the older adults perceived the CEPSS to have advantages and disadvantages in evaluating and comparing pharmacies. Older adults thought the CEPSS was important in choosing the best pharmacies and avoiding the worst pharmacies. The perceived influence of the CEPSS in switching pharmacies varied depending on the older adult's personal experience or trust of other consumers' experience. Questionnaire results showed that participants perceived health/medication-focused communication as very important or extremely important (n=47, 82.5%) in evaluating pharmacies and would be extremely likely (n=21, 36.8%) to switch pharmacies if their pharmacy had low ratings in this domain.ConclusionsThe older adults in this study are interested in using patient experiences as a quality metric for avoiding the worst pharmacies. Pharmacists' communication about health and medicines is perceived important and likely to influence older adults' pharmacy selection.
Swiss contributions to mid-nineteenth century tectonic research: a step backwards or the prologue to the nappe tectonics revolution?
Authors: Letsch D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Tectonic research in the Swiss Alps between 1850 and the acceptance of tectonic nappes around 1900 is often reported as a rather conservative era, with much new data (mapping and stratigraphic), but very few new ideas. This paper challenges this view by proposing that Arnold Escher, a professor at Zurich University, arrived at a fundamentally new view of looking at Alpine tectonics around 1853. Whereas traditional continental European models of orogenesis assumed the vertical uplift of magmatic rocks with only minor and local crustal contraction, Escher's new model implied a net horizontal contraction of the Earth's crust across the Alps. With this proposal Escher was in agreement with the increasingly important theory of French and Anglo-Saxon geologists about the contraction of the Earth, but he broke with the traditions of his colleagues in the German-speaking community. His pupils Albert Heim and Armin Baltzer developed Escher's ideas further and helped to establish ideas about the mechanical deformation of rocks, while disproving older and not very well founded ideas about metamorphism being the main driver of orogeny. Unfortunately, Heim's later stubborn insistence on a specific detail of this new tectonic model – the famous Glarus Double Fold – delayed the acceptance of the idea of nappe tectonics, even though nappes would otherwise have fitted very well into the tectonic model of Escher and Heim.

Supplementary material:
The electronic supplementary material contains all the German original quotations which are embedded as English translations in the present chapter. They have been freely translated by the author and are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3258481.v1
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations Confer Dasatinib Hypersensitivity and SRC Dependence in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Saha Supriya K. , Gordan John D. , Kleinstiver Benjamin P. , Vu Phuong , Najem Mortada S. , Yeo Jia-Chi , Shi Lei , Kato Yasutaka , Levin Rebecca S. , Webber James T. , Damon Leah J. , Egan Regina K. , Greninger Patricia , McDermott Ultan , Garnett Mathew J. , Jenkins Roger L. , Rieger-Christ Kimberly M. , Sullivan Travis B. , Hezel Aram F. , Liss Andrew S. , Mizukami Yusuke , Goyal Lipika , Ferrone Cristina R. , Zhu Andrew X. , Joung J. Keith , Shokat Kevan M. , Benes Cyril H. , Bardeesy Nabeel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive liver bile duct malignancy exhibiting frequent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1/IDH2) mutations. Through a high-throughput drug screen of a large panel of cancer cell lines, including 17 biliary tract cancers, we found that IDH mutant (IDHm) ICC cells demonstrate a striking response to the multikinase inhibitor dasatinib, with the highest sensitivity among 682 solid tumor cell lines. Using unbiased proteomics to capture the activated kinome and CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing to introduce dasatinib-resistant “gatekeeper” mutant kinases, we identified SRC as a critical dasatinib target in IDHm ICC. Importantly, dasatinib-treated IDHm xenografts exhibited pronounced apoptosis and tumor regression. Our results show that IDHm ICC cells have a unique dependency on SRC and suggest that dasatinib may have therapeutic benefit against IDHm ICC. Moreover, these proteomic and genome-editing strategies provide a systematic and broadly applicable approach to define targets of kinase inhibitors underlying drug responsiveness.Significance: IDH mutations define a distinct subtype of ICC, a malignancy that is largely refractory to current therapies. Our work demonstrates that IDHm ICC cells are hypersensitive to dasatinib and critically dependent on SRC activity for survival and proliferation, pointing to new therapeutic strategies against these cancers. Cancer Discov; 6(7); 727–39. ©2016 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 681
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АСОЦІАЦІЇ ГЕНОТИПІВ VACA І CAGA БАКТЕРІЇ HELICOBACTER PYLORI З ГАСТРОДУОДЕНАЛЬНИМИ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯМИ В УЗБЕКИСТАНІ
Authors: Далимова Д. А. , Абдурахимов А. А. , Юсупов Ш. А. , Турдикулова Ш. У. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Метою нашого дослідження стало вивчення асоціації генотипів <em>VacA</em> і <em>CagA H. Pylori</em> з гастродуоденальними захворюваннями в Узбекистані. Матеріалом для дослідження слугували 102 зразки біопсії та шлункового соку у пацієнтів з різноманітною патологією, а саме: 46 – хворі на хронічний ерозивний гастрит (ХЕГ), 36 – на виразкову хворобу дванадцятипалої кишки (ВХДПК) та 20 – з раком шлунка (РШ).</p><p>Статистичний аналіз частоти комбінацій алелів s та m показав, що генотип s1m1 достовірно частіше зустрічається у хворих на РШ порівняно з пацієнтами з ХЕГ; s1m2 – частіше зустрічався у хворих з ВХДПК у порівнянні з ХЕГ. Генотип <em>Cag+ </em>достовірно частіше характерний для пацієнтів з ВХДПК та РШ, ніж для пацієнтів з ХЕГ.</p><p>Таким чином, генотипування алельних варіантів <em>VacA</em> і <em>CagA</em><em> </em><em>H</em><em>.</em><em> pylor</em><em>і </em>доцільно включати у скринінгові програми профілактики раку шлунка та виразкової хвороби дванадцятипалої кишки в Узбекистані. </p>
АНАЛІЗ ДИНАМІКИ ЗАХВОРЮВАНОСТІ НА АТРОФІЇ ЗОРОВИХ НЕРВІВ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Vitovska A. P. , Vasyuta V. A. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Провести ретроспективний аналіз показників захворюваності на атрофії зорових нервів (АЗН). Досліджувалися захворюваність та поширеність АЗН. Аналіз динаміки (2002–2013 рр.) поширеності та захворюваності на АЗН демонструє загальні тенденції до зростання поширеності на 28,8 % і зменшення захворюваності на 5,6 %. Виявлені значні розбіжності у показниках за різними адміністративними територіями. Отримані дані є інформаційним підґрунтям для удосконалення медичної допомоги та розробки профілактичних заходів у розрізі адміністративних областей України. </p>
КЛІНІКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНА ОЦІНКА ПАРАМЕТРІВ КАЛЬЦІЙ-ФОСФОРНОГО ОБМІНУ, КАЛЬЦІЙРЕГУЛЮВАЛЬНИХ СИСТЕМ І БІОХІМІЧНИХ МАРКЕРІВ МЕТАБОЛІЗМУ В ДІТЕЙ 6–7-РІЧНОГО ВІКУ З РІЗНОЮ ІНТЕНСИВНІСТЮ КАРІЄСУ ЗУБІВ
Authors: Голубєва І. М. , Остапко О. І. , Воєвода О. О. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Результати проведених досліджень переконливо свідчать про зниження мінералізувального потенціалу змішаної слини на тлі порушення основних показників мінерального обміну, кальційрегулювальних систем і біохімічних маркерів метаболізму в сироватці крові дітей молодшого шкільного віку із субкомпенсованою формою активності каріозних уражень зубів. Виявлено зворотний кореляційний зв’язок між інтенсивністю карієсу зубів, дефіцитом загального та іонізованого кальцію, а також падінням активності лужної фосфатази у ротовій рідині даного контингенту обстежених. Пригнічення функції кісткового ізоферменту лужної фосфатази у сироватці крові прямо корелювало зі зниженням активності даного ферменту в змішаній слині. Між вірогідним дефіцитом активного метаболіту вітаміну Д<sub>3</sub> у сироватці крові та інтенсивністю каріозних уражень зубів у дітей молодшого шкільного віку було зареєстровано зворотну кореляційну залежність.</p>
ВИВЧЕННЯ ДЕЯКИХ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ У ОСІБ, ЯКІ КОРИСТУЮТЬСЯ ЗНІМНИМИ ЗУБНИМИ ПРОТЕЗАМИ
Authors: Дорошенко О. М. , Волосовець Т. М. , Дорошенко М. В. , Андрусенко А. С. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Не викликає жодних сумнівів факт, що ортопедичне лікування спричиняє у пацієнтів стрес. Функціональні порушення центральної нервової системи не можуть не позначатися на стані церебральної гемодинаміки. Паралельно спостерігаються значні порушення у функціональній активності жувальних м’язів. Метою було дослідження стану мозкового кровообігу за даними реоенцефалографії та дослідження функціональної активності жувальної мускулатури у пацієнтів до початку та в ранні терміни користування знімними конструкціями зубних протезів. Зміни реоенцефалографічних та електроміографічних показників при користуванні знімними протезами свідчать про те, що під час адаптації до протезів відбуваються зміни не тільки в ділянці слизової оболонки протезного ложа, а і в цілому організмі, що має бути враховане під час ортопедичної реабілітації цього контингенту пацієнтів.</p>
СТАН ГУМОРАЛЬНОГО ІМУНІТЕТУ ПРИ ЕКCПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНІЙ ТОВСТОКИШКОВІЙ НЕПРОХІДНОСТІ
Authors: Гощинський В. Б. , Домбровський О. А. 
Published: May 2016

<p>У статті приведено та проаналізовано дані дослідження показників гуморального імунітету: імунолгобулінів M, G, A та ЦІК при експериментальній товстокишковій непрохідності. Зміни рівня IgM показують, що саме за рахунок IgM забезпечується бактерицидна здатність сироватки крові протягом перших трьох діб перебігу непрохідності; IgG забезпечують бактерицидну здатність та антитоксичну дію сироватки крові протягом усього перебігу непрохідності; зміни IgA вказують на збереження ролі місцевої імунної відповіді слизових оболонок протягом усього перебігу непрохідності; синхронне зростання рівня IgG та ЦІК на початкових етапах непрохідності може вказувати на формування ЦІК за умови надлишку антигенів та недостатності антитіл. Високий рівень ЦІК, що мають цитотоксичні властивості, може бути провідним моментом у виникненні імунної інтоксикації.</p>
МОРФОФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРЕБУДОВИ ПАРЕНХІМИ ЯЄЧКА щУРІВ ПРИ ДОЗОВАНОМУ СТЕНОЗІ СІМ’ЯНОГО КАНАТИКА
Authors: Стравський Т. Я. 
Published: May 2016

<p>При дозованому стенозі сім’яного канатика виражені гемодинамічні розлади у кровоносному руслі яєчок спричиняють ураження паренхіми органа та зниження його функціональної активності, що підтверджують відповідні морфометричні показники.</p>