bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water‐Assisted Nitrile Oxide Cycloadditions: Synthesis of Isoxazoles and Stereoselective Syntheses of Isoxazolines and 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles
Authors: Kesornpun Chatchai , Aree Thammarat , Mahidol Chulabhorn , Ruchirawat Somsak , Kittakoop Prasat 
Published: February 2016

AbstractConventional methods generate nitrile oxides from oxime halides in organic solvents under basic conditions. However, the present work revealed that water‐assisted generation of nitrile oxides proceeds under mild acidic conditions (pH 4–5). Cycloadditions of nitrile oxides with alkynes and alkenes easily occurred in water without using catalysts, thus yielding isoxazoles and isoxazolines, respectively, with excellent stereoselectivity toward five‐ and six‐membered cyclic alkenes. A double stereoselective cycloaddition of two units of a nitrile oxide with cyclohexene was also achieved, thus yielding 1,2,4‐oxadiazole derivatives having a unique hybrid isoxazoline‐oxadiazole skeleton. Enantiomerically pure isoxazolines were prepared from monoterpenes with a ring strain. In one case, the isoxazoline with a butterfly‐like structure was simply prepared, and it might be used as a ligand in asymmetric catalysis.
A p‐Hydroxyphenacyl–Benzothiazole–Chlorambucil Conjugate as a Real‐Time‐Monitoring Drug‐Delivery System Assisted by Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer
Authors: Barman Shrabani , Mukhopadhyay Sourav K. , Biswas Sandipan , Nandi Surajit , Gangopadhyay Moumita , Dey Satyahari , Anoop Anakuthil , Pradeep Singh N. D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAmong the well‐known phototriggers, the p‐hydroxyphenacyl (pHP) group has consistently enabled the very fast, efficient, and high‐conversion release of active molecules. Despite this unique behavior, the pHP group has been ignored as a delivery agent, particularly in the area of theranostics, because of two major limitations: Its excitation wavelength is below 400 nm, and it is nonfluorescent. We have overcome these limitations by incorporating a 2‐(2′‐hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) appendage capable of rapid excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). The ESIPT effect also provided two unique advantages: It assisted the deprotonation of the pHP group for faster release, and it was accompanied by a distinct fluorescence color change upon photorelease. In vitro studies showed that the p‐hydroxyphenacyl–benzothiazole–chlorambucil conjugate presents excellent properties, such as real‐time monitoring, photoregulated drug delivery, and biocompatibility.
Co@Co3O4 Encapsulated in Carbon Nanotube‐Grafted Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Polyhedra as an Advanced Bifunctional Oxygen Electrode
Authors: Aijaz Arshad , Masa Justus , Rösler Christoph , Xia Wei , Weide Philipp , Botz Alexander J. R. , Fischer Roland A. , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Muhler Martin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEfficient reversible oxygen electrodes for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are vitally important for various energy conversion devices, such as regenerative fuel cells and metal–air batteries. However, realization of such electrodes is impeded by insufficient activity and instability of electrocatalysts for both water splitting and oxygen reduction. We report highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen electrodes comprising core–shell Co@Co3O4 nanoparticles embedded in CNT‐grafted N‐doped carbon‐polyhedra obtained by the pyrolysis of cobalt metal–organic framework (ZIF‐67) in a reductive H2 atmosphere and subsequent controlled oxidative calcination. The catalysts afford 0.85 V reversible overvoltage in 0.1 m KOH, surpassing Pt/C, IrO2, and RuO2 and thus ranking them among one of the best non‐precious‐metal electrocatalysts for reversible oxygen electrodes.
Anisotropic Self‐Assembly of Citrate‐Coated Gold Nanoparticles on Fluidic Liposomes
Authors: Sugikawa Kouta , Kadota Tatsuya , Yasuhara Kazuma , Ikeda Atsushi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe behavior of self‐assembly processes of nanoscale particles on plasma membranes can reveal mechanisms of important biofunctions and/or intractable diseases. Self‐assembly of citrate‐coated gold nanoparticles (cAuNPs) on liposomes was investigated. The adsorbed cAuNPs were initially fixed on the liposome surfaces and did not self‐assemble below the phospholipid phase transition temperature (Tm). In contrast, anisotropic cAuNP self‐assembly was observed upon heating of the composite above the Tm, where the phospholipids became fluid. The number of self‐assembled NPs is conveniently controlled by the initial mixing ratio of cAuNPs and liposomes. Gold nanoparticle protecting agents strongly affected the self‐assembly process on the fluidic membrane.
Identification of Non‐Faradaic Processes by Measurement of the Electrochemical Peltier Heat during the Silver Underpotential Deposition on Au(111)
Authors: Frittmann Stefan , Halka Vadym , Schuster Rolf 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe measured the heat which is reversibly exchanged during the course of an electrochemical surface reaction, i.e., the deposition/dissolution of the first two monolayers of Ag on a Au(111) surface in (bi)sulfate and perchlorate containing electrolytes. The reversibly exchanged heat corresponds to the Peltier heat of the reaction and is linearly related to its entropy change, including also non‐Faradaic side processes. Hence, the measurement of the Peltier heat provides thermodynamic information on the electrochemical processes which is complementary to the current–potential relations usually obtained by conventional electrochemical methods. From the variation of the molar Peltier heat during the various stages of the deposition reaction we inferred that co‐adsorption processes of anions and Ag do not play a prominent role, while we find strong indications for a charge neutral substitution reaction of adsorbed anions by hydroxide, which would not show up in cyclic voltammetry.
Melt rheology and mechanical crystal transformation in an immiscible blend with poly(vinylidene fluoride) matrix
Authors: Zhu Tingmao , Lv Ruihua , Wang Bin , Na Bing , Yin Ming , Zhu Yun 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTEffect of immiscible polyamide 6 (PA6) on the melt rheology and stretch‐induced crystal transformation of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix is reported. PA6 is dispersed as submicron droplets in the PVDF matrix, responsible for significant enhancement in the melt elasticity. Nevertheless, crystallization habits of PVDF matrix from melt are little affected by submicron PA6 droplets, and the α‐form of PVDF prevails in the blends. Upon mechanical stretching, the α‐form is converted to the β‐form, which is remarkably reduced with the increasing of PA6 content in the blends. It could be correlated with the decreased tensile stress in the presence of submicron PA6 droplets that act as stress concentrators. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43499.
Application of a fractional model for simulation of the viscoelastic functions of polymers
Authors: Kontou E. , Katsourinis S. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIn the present work the dynamic behavior of two representative polymeric materials, experimentally studied in previous works, has been analyzed by a fractional derivative model. It is shown that the well‐known fractional derivative Zener model, in its simplest form as a four‐parameter model is capable of capturing the main features of the dynamic moduli of the polymeric structures examined. Furthermore, the time dependent viscoelastic functions, namely the compliance and the relaxation modulus could be simulated with the same model parameter values, indicating this way that the fractional model can provide a method of interconversion between viscoelastic material functions. The model's inadequacy of describing the loss modulus peak asymmetry, exhibited by the materials, has been encountered by the five‐parameter version of the fractional Zener model. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43505.
Water levels in a highland lake control the quantity and quality of spawning habitat for a littoral‐spawning galaxiid fish
Authors: Hardie Scott A. , Chilcott Mark A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

In comparison with other habitats, the littoral zone can be disproportionately important to lentic fishes, especially for species that rely on it for reproduction. Impoundment of lentic waters can alter hydrological regimes, littoral inundation patterns and hydrodynamic processes, which can affect the quantity and quality of littoral habitats.
This study examined the effects of water‐level fluctuations on the quantity and quality of rocky littoral spawning habitat for the threatened Galaxias auratus in the Crescent–Sorell lake system, Tasmania (Australia) using GIS analyses, sediment measurements and observations of the composition and condition of littoral substrates under varying hydrological conditions.
The extent of littoral rocky substrate was found to be limited in Lake Crescent (<1.3% of the lake's bed). The relationship between water levels and G. auratus spawning habitat (littoral rocky substrates at depths of 0.2–0.6 m) was non‐linear with spawning habitat quantity and quality declining markedly at water levels <802.20 m Australian Height Datum (AHD). Hydrological impacts of global climate change on the Crescent–Sorell lake system are likely to increase the occurrence of water levels below this threshold in Lake Crescent in the future, thereby limiting the ability of G. auratus to sustain its population in this lake.
The structure of littoral areas of rocky substrate in Lake Crescent and Lake Sorell, and influential processes acting on these areas under varying hydrological conditions, were conceptualized to assist transferability of this knowledge to other lentic waters and species with similar habitat requirements.
Global climate change is predicted to alter lacustrine hydrological regimes and shoreline environments. This is likely to have significant ramifications for fishes that use littoral habitats during their life cycles, especially crucial reproductive phases. We believe the influence of alterations to hydrological regimes on the availability of these habitats to lacustrine fishes requires further investigation globally.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrin α4 Induces Lymphangiogenesis and Metastasis via Upregulation of VEGF‐C in Human Colon Cancer
Authors: Lv Xiao‐Hong , Liu Bao‐Quan , Li Xue‐Mei , Wang Xiang‐Chen , Li Xin‐Lei , Ahmed Naila , Zhang Ya‐Fang 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTVascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C) is a key regulator in lymphangiogenesis, and is overexpressed in various malignancies. Integrin α4β1, a new member of the VEGF‐C/VEGF receptor pathway, was found to be overexpressed in melanoma tumors. However, little is known regarding the potential role of integrin α4β1 in lymphangiogenesis and other solid tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of integrin α4 and VEGF‐C in relation to lymphangiogenesis and clinicopathological parameters in human colon cancer. The expression of integrin α4, VEGF‐C, and VEGFR‐3 was assessed in 71 human colon cancer tissues and 30 paracancerous normal tissues by immunohistochemical staining. Lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) was measured after D2‐40‐labeling, and the correlations among different factors were statistically analyzed. The expression of integrin α4, VEGF‐C, VEGFR‐3, and LMVD was higher in colon cancer tissues compared with the normal paracancerous colon tissues. There was a positive correlation between the expression of integrin α4 and VEGF‐C. Integrin α4 and VEGF‐C were significantly associated with the clinicopathological parameters (LMVD, Duke's stage, and lymph node metastasis). Kaplan–Meier analyses indicated that patients with high integrin α4 or VEGF‐C expression had significantly shorter overall survival and tumor‐free survival time. Multivariate analyses suggested that integrin α4 and VEGF‐C may serve as independent prognostic factors for human colon cancer. Both integrin α4 and VEGF‐C are involved in lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. Our results demonstrated that integrin α4 is a novel prognostic indicator for human colon cancer. Anat Rec, 299:741–747, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Carbon‐Sulfur Hybrid with Pomegranate‐like Structure for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Shi Yanting , Lv Wei , Niu Shuzhang , He Yanbing , Zhou Guangmin , Chen Guohua , Li Baohua , Yang Quan‐Hong , Kang Feiyu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA carbon‐sulfur hybrid with pomegranate‐like core–shell structure, which demonstrates a high rate performance and relatively high cyclic stability, is obtained through carbonization of a carbon precursor in the presence of a sulfur precursor (FeS2) and a following oxidation of FeS2 to sulfur by HNO3. Such a structure effectively protects the sulfur and leaves enough buffer space after Fe3+ removal and, at the same time, has an interconnected conductive network. The capacity of the obtained hybrid is 450 mA h g−1 under the current density of 5 C. This work provides a simple strategy to design and prepare various high‐performance carbon‐sulfur hybrids for lithium‐sulfur batteries.
Synthesis, Structure, and Optical Studies of Donor–Acceptor‐Type Near‐Infrared (NIR) Aza–Boron‐Dipyrromethene (BODIPY) Dyes
Authors: Balsukuri Naresh , Lone Mohsin Y. , Jha Prakash C. , Mori Shigeki , Gupta Iti 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSix donor–acceptor‐type near‐infrared (NIR) aza–boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes and their corresponding aza–dipyrrins were designed and synthesized. The donor moieties at the 1,7‐positions of the aza–BODIPY core were varied from naphthyl to N‐phenylcarbazole to N‐butylcarbazole. The 3,5‐positions were also substituted with phenyl or thienyl groups in the aza–BODIPYs. Photophysical, electrochemical, and computational studies were carried out. The absorption and emission spectra of aza–BODIPYs were significantly redshifted (≈100 nm) relative to the parent tetraphenylaza–BODIPY. Fluorescence studies suggested effective energy transfer (up to 93 %) from donor groups to the aza–BODIPY core in all of the compounds under study. Time‐dependent (TD)‐DFT studies indicated effective electronic interactions between energy donor groups and aza–dipyrrin unit in all the aza–BODIPYs studied. The HOMO–LUMO gap (ΔE) calculated from cyclic voltammetry data was found to be lower for six aza–BODIPYs relative to their corresponding aza–dipyrrins.
Localized lentivirus delivery via peptide interactions
Authors: Skoumal Michael , Seidlits Stephanie , Shin Seungjin , Shea Lonnie 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTGene delivery from biomaterial scaffolds has been employed to induce the expression of tissue inductive factors for applications in regenerative medicine. The delivery of viral vectors has been described as reflecting a balance between vector retention and release. Herein, we investigated the design of hydrogels in order to retain the vector at the material in order to enhance transgene expression. Poly(ethylene‐glycol) (PEG) hydrogels were modified with poly‐l‐lysine (PLL) to non‐covalently bind lentivirus. For cells cultured on the hydrogels, increasing the PLL molecular weight from 1 to 70 kDa led to increased transgene expression. The incubation time of the virus with the hydrogel and the PLL concentration modulated the extent of virus adsorption, and adsorbed virus had a 20% increase in the half‐life at 37°C. Alternatives to high molecular weight PLL were identified through phage display technology, with peptide sequences specific for the VSV‐G ectodomain, an envelope protein pseudotyped on the virus. These affinity peptides could easily be incorporated into the hydrogel, and expression was increased 20‐fold relative to control peptide, and comparable to levels observed with the high molecular weight PLL. The modification of hydrogels with affinity proteins or peptides to bind lentivirus can be a powerful strategy to enhance and localized transgene expression. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2033–2040. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical inhibition of autophagy: Examining its potential to increase the specific productivity of recombinant CHO cell lines
Authors: Baek Eric , Kim Che Lin , Kim Mi Gyeom , Lee Jae Seong , Lee Gyun Min 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells activate and undergo apoptosis and autophagy for various environmental stresses. Unlike apoptosis, studies on increasing the production of therapeutic proteins in CHO cells by targeting the autophagy pathway are limited. In order to identify the effects of chemical autophagy inhibitors on the specific productivity (qp), nine chemical inhibitors that had been reported to target three different phases of autophagy (metformin, dorsomorphin, resveratrol, and SP600125 against initiation and nucleation; 3‐MA, wortmannin, and LY294002 against elongation, and chloroquine and bafilomycin A1 against autophagosome fusion) were used to treat three recombinant CHO (rCHO) cell lines: the Fc‐fusion protein‐producing DG44 (DG44‐Fc) and DUKX‐B11 (DUKX‐Fc) and antibody‐producing DG44 (DG44‐Ab) cell lines. Among the nine chemical inhibitors tested, 3‐MA, dorsomorphin, and SP600125 significantly increased the qp of DG44‐Fc and DUKX‐Fc. In contrast, for DG44‐Ab, only 3‐MA significantly increased the qp. The autophagy‐inhibiting activity of the nine chemical inhibitors on the rCHO cell lines was evaluated through Western blot analysis and flow cytometry. Unexpectedly, some chemical inhibitors did not exhibit any apparent inhibition activity on autophagy. The chemical inhibitors that enhanced the qp, 3‐MA, dorsomorphin, and SP600125, exhibited instead an increased autophagic flux. Taken all together, the chemical inhibition of autophagy was not effective in increasing the qp in rCHO cell lines and the positive effect of 3‐MA, dorsomorphin, and SP600125 on the qp was not due to the inhibition of autophagy. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1953–1961. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phytochemical Variations and Enhanced Efficiency of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Ingredients in Salvia officinalis as Inoculated with Different Rhizobacteria
Authors: Ghorbanpour Mansour , Hatami Mehrnaz , Kariman Khalil , Abbaszadeh Dahaji Payman 
Published: February 2016

Plants produce a variety of secondary metabolites to improve their performance upon exposure to pathogens, pests, herbivores, or environmental stresses. Secondary metabolism in plants is, therefore, highly regulated by presence of biotic or abiotic elicitors in the environment. The present research was undertaken to characterize plant growth‐promoting attributes of four plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) including two Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf Ap1, Pf Ap18) and two P. putida (Pp Ap9, Pp Ap14) strains, and to determine their role (individually or in consortium) on growth of Salvia officialis, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as essential oils (EOs), total phenolics, and flavonoids. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the extracts and EOs obtained from the inoculated plants were also investigated. The PGPR inoculum was applied to soil, cuttings, and foliage. Results indicated that different PGPR strains varied in their efficiency for production of auxin, siderophore, 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate deaminase, and phosphate solubilization. All individually inoculated plants had significantly higher shoot and root biomass, leaf P content, EOs yield, total phenolics, and flavonoids content compared to uninoculated control plants. The major constituents of EOs, cis‐thujene, camphor, and 1,8‐cineol, increased following inoculation with reference PGPRs. Although the extract from all inoculated plants had improved antioxidant activity, it was remarkable for the Pf Ap18 strain, which had the lowest IC50 value across treatments. Antibacterial assay of various EOs and their major constituents against pathogenic bacteria showed that the highest activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus using EOs of Pp Ap14 source. Based on our findings, we suggest that individual inoculation with effective PGPR strains can substantially improve plant growth and secondary metabolism in S. officinalis plants.
The Chemical Diversity of Lantana camara: Analyses of Essential Oil Samples from Cuba, Nepal, and Yemen
Authors: Satyal Prabodh , Crouch Rebecca A. , Monzote Lianet , Cos Paul , Awadh Ali Nasser A. , Alhaj Mehdi A. , Setzer William N. 
Published: February 2016

The aerial parts of Lantana camara L. were collected from three different geographical locations: Artemisa (Cuba), Biratnagar (Nepal), and Sana'a (Yemen). The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A cluster analysis of 39 L. camara essential oil compositions revealed eight major chemotypes: β‐caryophyllene, germacrene D, ar‐curcumene/zingiberene, γ‐curcumen‐15‐al/epi‐β‐bisabolol, (E)‐nerolidol, davanone, eugenol/alloaromadendrene, and carvone. The sample from Cuba falls into the group dominated by (E)‐nerolidol, the sample from Nepal is a davanone chemotype, and the sample from Yemen belongs to the β‐caryophyllene chemotype. The chemical composition of L. camara oil plays a role in the biological activity; the β‐caryophyllene and (E)‐nerolidol chemotypes showed antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.
Schisandrin B inhibits the proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells via microRNA‐135a suppressing the expression of transient receptor potential channel 1
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐yu , Zhang Luo‐xian , Guo Ya‐li , Zhao Li‐min , Tang Xue‐yi , Tian Cui‐jie , Cheng Dong‐Jun , Chen Xian‐liang , Ma Li‐jun , Chen Zhuo‐chang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAirway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) was known to involve in the pathophysiology of asthma. Schisandrin B was reported to have anti‐asthmatic effects in a murine asthma model. However, the molecular mechanism involving in the effect of Schisandrin B on ASMCs remains poorly understood. Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups: rats as the control (Group 1), sensitized rats (Group 2), sensitized rats and intragastric‐administrated Schisandrin B (Group 3). The expression of miR‐135a and TRPC1 was detected in the rats from three groups. Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB was used to induce the proliferation of isolated ASMCs, and the expression of miR‐135a and TRPC1 was detected in PDGF‐BB‐treated ASMCs. Cell viability was examined in ASMCs transfected with miR‐135a inhibitor or si‐TRPC1. The expression of TRPC1 was examined in A10 cells pretreated with miR‐135a inhibitor or miR‐135a mimic. In this study, we found that Schisandrin B attenuated the inspiratory and expiratory resistances in sensitized rats. Schisandrin B upregulated the mRNA level of miR‐135a and decreased the expression of TRPC1 in sensitized rats. In addition, Schisandrin B reversed the expression of miR‐135a and TRPC1 in PDGF‐BB‐induced ASMCs. Si‐TRPC1 abrogated the increasing proliferation of ASMCs induced by miR‐135a inhibitor. We also found that miR‐135a regulated the expression of TRPC1 in the A10 cells. These results demonstrate that Schisandrin B inhibits the proliferation of ASMCs via miR‐135a suppressing the expression of TRPC1.
Energy Savings through Microwave Selective Heating of Pd/AC Catalyst Particulates in a Fixed‐Bed Reactor
Authors: Horikoshi Satoshi , Kamata Momoko , Serpone Nick 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMicrowave radiation is a novel energy source to drive chemical reactions. In conventional reactors, however, the heat created either escapes through uninsulated reactor walls, or the microwave radiation is attenuated by insulated walls. Here, microwave selective heating of Pd catalyst particles supported on activated carbon particulates was examined in a fixed‐bed reactor using a novel vacuum‐filled Dewar‐like double‐walled continuous‐flow reactor. This reactor was developed toward energy savings in performing such organic reactions as the transformation of the hydride methyl cyclohexane to toluene.