bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recollection and familiarity in aging individuals: Gaining insight into relationships with medial temporal lobe structural integrity
Authors: Schoemaker Dorothee , Mascret Charlotte , Collins D. Louis , Yu Elsa , Gauthier Serge , Pruessner Jens C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDual‐process theories posit that two separate processes are involved in recognition, namely recollection and familiarity. Studies investigating the neuroanatomical substrates of these two processes have frequently revealed that, while recollection is functionally linked with the hippocampus, familiarity appears to be associated with perirhinal and/or entorhinal cortices integrity. Interestingly these regions are known to be sensitive to normal and neuropathological aging processes. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of aging on recollection and familiarity performance, as well as to investigate associations with the rate of false alarms. In older individuals, we further aimed to explore relationships between these recognition variables and structural integrity of the hippocampus and the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices. Younger (N = 56) and older (N = 59) adults were tested on a computerized recollection and familiarity task. In a separate session, older adults (N = 56) underwent a structural MRI. Hippocampal, entorhinal and perihinal cortices volumes were automatically segmented and then manually corrected to ensure validity of the volumetric assessment. Regional volumes were normalized for total intracranial volume. While the overall recognition performance did not significantly differ across groups, our results reveal a decrease in recollection, together with an increase in familiarity in older adults. The increase reliance on familiarity was significantly and positively associated with the rate of false alarms. In the older adult sample, significant positive associations were found between recollection estimates and normalized hippocampal volumes. The normalized total hippocampal volume accounted for 25% of the variance in recollection performance. No correlation was found between any recognition variables and perirhinal or entorhinal cortices volumes. Overall, our results suggest that the age‐related impairment in recollection is linked with reduced hippocampal structural integrity.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Spiroketals: An Engine for Chemical and Biological Discovery
Authors: Verano Alyssa L. , Tan Derek S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSpiroketals are key structural motifs found in diverse natural products with compelling biological activities. However, stereocontrolled synthetic access to spiroketals, independent of their inherent thermodynamic preferences, is a classical challenge in organic synthesis that has limited in‐depth biological exploration of this intriguing class. Herein, we review our laboratory's efforts to advance the glycal epoxide approach to the stereocontrolled synthesis of spiroketals via kinetically controlled spirocyclization reactions. This work has provided new synthetic methodologies with applications in both diversity‐ and target‐oriented synthesis, fundamental insights into structure and reactivity, and efficient access to spiroketal libraries and natural products for biological evaluation.
Maternal circulating levels of transforming growth factor‐β superfamily and its soluble receptors in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Xu Yan‐ting , Shen Min‐hong , Jin Ai‐ying , Li Hong , Zhu Rui 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess circulating levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β superfamily members and their soluble receptors in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and to investigate associations with clinical manifestations.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted using data for women admitted to a center in China for delivery between May 2011 and April 2013. Women with severe pre‐eclampsia, mild pre‐eclampsia, and gestational hypertension were included, along with a control group. Serum levels of activin A, inhibin A, TGF‐β1, soluble endoglin (sEng), and soluble betaglycan (sBG) were measured.ResultsWomen with severe pre‐eclampsia (n = 17) had higher mean levels of activin A (23.5±2.1 μg/L), inhibin A (1.7±0.2 μg/L), sEng (32.1±3.2 μg/L), and sBG (84.1±9.4 μg/L) than did normotensive controls (n = 18), women with gestational hypertension (n = 15), and those with mild pre‐eclampsia (n = 14; all P<0.05). Women with early‐onset pre‐eclampsia (n = 13) had higher levels of these serum markers than did preterm normotensive controls (n = 8; all P<0.001). Women with severe or early‐onset pre‐eclampsia had the lowest TGF‐β1 levels. Activin A, inhibin A, sEng, and sBG levels were positively correlated with mean arterial pressure and proteinuria (all P<0.01).ConclusionPre‐eclampsia is associated with an imbalance of members of the TGF‐β superfamily and their soluble receptors, which might contribute to the development of pre‐eclampsia and help to predict onset and severity.
Coping with Climate Change in a densely Populated Delta: A Paradigm Shift in Flood and Water Management in The Netherlands
Authors: Ritzema H.P. , Van Loon‐Steensma J.M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe expected effects of climate change and economic and population growth have motivated the Netherlands government to reformulate its policies on flood protection and water management. Flood protection and drainage are needed to make this low‐lying country habitable and suitable for agriculture and other land uses: more than 65% of the Netherlands is protected by dykes against flooding. The likely impacts of climate change in combination with socio‐economic developments call for proactive and innovative plans. The new policies and standards are based on an innovative approach: instead of focusing only on prevention, the new standards take into account both the probability of flooding as well as the potential impacts and risks of flooding, for example the individual risk of being hit by a flood. Based on these new standards, conservation, adaptation and mitigation actions are used to create a multi‐layer safety approach that focuses on the water management system as well as spatial planning. Examples are presented of changes in perspectives and how flood protection, water management and spatial planning are being combined. These examples can be a basis for further adaptation measures in both the Netherlands as well as in other low‐lying countries worldwide. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of climatic variables as yield‐limiting factors for maize in Kansas
Authors: Ye Qing , Lin Xiaomao , Adee Eric , Min Doohong , Assefa Mulisa Yared , O'Brien Dan , Ciampitti Ignacio A. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTKansas is situated from the lower Missouri Basin to the high plains lying along the eastern slope of the Rockies so that distinct climates across the state make crop production systems vulnerable to changes in climate. Based on climatic indices such as growing degree‐day (GDD), extreme degree‐day (EDD), and precipitation (P), this study assessed the sensitivity of maize (Zea mays L.) yield to a changing climate for seven diverse cropping areas from 1981 to 2013 across Kansas. Our results indicated that maize yield increased by 2.4 and 3.4% per annum 100 GDD increase under non‐irrigated (i.e. rainfed) and irrigated environments, respectively. Maize yield positive response to changes in GDD during the pre‐silking period was more significantly pronounced for irrigated environments than rainfed sites. Rainfed yields showed a significantly negative response to EDD (−3.0% per +10 EDD) compared with irrigated environments (−1.2% per +10 EDD). This EDD negative effect was more pronounced during post‐silking growth as compared with the pre‐silking period for both irrigated and non‐irrigated conditions. Yield sensitivity to a unit change of P (mm) was less than the sensitivity to a unit change of GDD (in °C days) and EDD (in °C days) indices. Nonetheless, maize productivity has a positive response to post‐silking P with a greater yield gain at rainfed sites compared with irrigated sites. Irrigation could partially mitigate the effect of extreme heat on maize yield potential. Because the frequency of extreme temperatures and P are predicted to increase in Kansas and the Great Plains region, this study might provide guidelines to farmers, crop consultants, and agronomists to manage maize production thereby providing the ability to mitigate or adapt to climate change impacts.
Employing an urban meteorological network to monitor air temperature conditions in the ‘local climate zones’ of Szeged, Hungary
Authors: Skarbit Nóra , Stewart Iain D. , Unger János , Gál Tamás 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTWe analyse the average annual and seasonal air temperature conditions in the ‘local climate zones’ (LCZs) of Szeged, Hungary. The basis of our analysis is a 1‐year dataset from 2014 to 2015 for a 20‐station urban meteorological network. The network and its corresponding LCZ classes put temperature studies in Szeged into a new spatial framework to assess local climate and urban heat island (UHI) conditions. The stations were installed at locally representative sites using a Geographic Information System (GIS) method based on the standard surface parameters of the LCZ classification. The network was purposely designed to monitor thermal differences among LCZ classes in Szeged. We provide detailed site metadata for each of the monitoring stations used in the analysis. Our results show that the densely built‐up LCZ classes have higher annual and monthly mean and minimum air temperatures than structurally open and more vegetated classes, with nocturnal differences of >4 °C observed under calm, clear skies. Among select temperature indices measured in the urban LCZ classes, frost days, cooling degree‐days, and tropical nights differ markedly from the background rural LCZ classes. This difference suggests that local climatologies exist within Szeged, and that these have implications for thermal comfort, urban energy use, and urban agriculture. Finally, the evaluation of heating and cooling rates in Szeged shows an important role for LCZs in UHI analysis.
Accuracy of fully automated, quantitative, volumetric measurement of the amount of fibroglandular breast tissue using MRI: correlation with anthropomorphic breast phantoms
Authors: Wengert Georg J. , Pinker Katja , Helbich Thomas H. , Vogl Wolf‐Dieter , Spijker Sylvia M. , Bickel Hubert , Polanec Stephan H. , Baltzer Pascal A. 
Published: March 2017

To demonstrate the accuracy of fully automated, quantitative, volumetric measurement of the amount of fibroglandular breast tissue (FGT), using MRI, and to investigate the impact of different MRI sequences using anthropomorphic breast phantoms as the ground truth.In this study, 10 anthropomorphic breast phantoms that consisted of different known fractions of adipose and protein tissue, which closely resembled normal breast parenchyma, were developed. Anthropomorphic breast phantoms were imaged with a 1.5 T unit (Siemens, Avantofit) using an 18‐channel breast coil. The sequence protocol consisted of an isotropic Dixon sequence (Di), an anisotropic Dixon sequence (Da), and T1 3D FLASH sequences with and without fat saturation (T1). Fully automated, quantitative, volumetric measurement of FGT for all anthropomorphic phantoms and sequences was performed and correlated with the amounts of fatty and protein components in the phantoms as the ground truth.Fully automated, quantitative, volumetric measurements of FGT with MRI for all sequences ranged from 5.86 to 61.05% (mean 33.36%). The isotropic Dixon sequence yielded the highest accuracy (median 0.51%–0.78%) and precision (median range 0.19%) compared with anisotropic Dixon (median 1.92%–2.09%; median range 0.55%) and T1‐weighted sequences (median 2.54%–2.46%; median range 0.82%). All sequences yielded good correlation with the FGT content of the anthropomorphic phantoms. The best correlation of FGT measurements was identified for Dixon sequences (Di, R2 = 0.999; Da, R2 = 0.998) compared with conventional T1‐weighted sequences (R2 = 0.971).MRI yields accurate, fully automated, quantitative, volumetric measurements of FGT, an increasingly important and sensitive imaging biomarker for breast cancer risk. Compared with conventional T1 sequences, Dixon‐type sequences show the highest correlation and reproducibility for automated, quantitative, volumetric FGT measurements using anthropomorphic breast phantoms as the ground truth.
Epoxy composites with ceramic core–shell fillers for thermal management in electrical devices
Authors: Rybak Andrzej , Gaska Karolina , Kapusta Czeslaw , Toche François , Salles Vincent 
Published: March 2017

In this work, a novel core–shell material has been manufactured in order to enhance the thermal conductivity of epoxy‐based composites. The polymer derived ceramics technique has been used to produce fillers whose core is composed of a standard material – silica, and whose outer layer consists of a boron nitride or silicon nitride shell. The synthesized filler was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis. The successful formation of core–shell structure was proven. Composite samples based on an epoxy resin filled with 31 vol% of synthetized core–shell filler have been investigated in order to determine the effective thermal conductivity of the modified system. The resulting core–shell composite samples exhibited improvements in thermal conductivity of almost 30% in relation to standard systems, making them a promising material for heat management applications. Additionally, the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity was investigated over a broad temperature range indicating that the thermal behavior of the composite with incorporated core–shell filler is stable. This stability is a crucial factor when considering the potential of using this technology in applications such as electronics and power systems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High throughput quantification of apolipoproteins A‐I and B‐100 by isotope dilution MS targeting fast trypsin releasable peptides without reduction and alkylation
Authors: Parks Bryan A , Schieltz David M , Andrews Michael L , Gardner Michael S , Rees Jon C , Toth Christopher A , Jones Jeffrey I , McWilliams Lisa G , Kuklenyik Zsuzsanna , Pirkle James L , Barr John R 
Published: March 2017

PurposeApolipoprotein A‐I (ApoA‐I) and apolipoprotein B‐100 (ApoB‐100) are amphipathic proteins that are strong predictors of cardiovascular disease risk. The traceable calibration of apolipoprotein assays is a persistent challenge, especially for ApoB‐100, which cannot be solubilized in purified form.Experimental designA simultaneous quantitation method for ApoA‐I and ApoB‐100 was developed using tryptic digestion without predigestion reduction and alkylation, followed by LC separation coupled with isotope dilution MS analysis. The accuracy of the method was assured by selecting structurally exposed signature peptides, optimal choice of detergent, protein:enzyme ratio, and incubation time. Peptide calibrators were value assigned by isobaric tagging isotope dilution MS amino acid analysis.ResultsThe method reproducibility was validated in technical repeats of three serum samples, giving 2–3% intraday CVs (N = 5) and <7% interday CVs (N = 21). The repeated analysis of interlaboratory harmonization standards showed −1% difference for ApoA‐I and −12% for ApoB‐100 relative to the assigned value. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by repeated analysis of 24 patient samples with a wide range of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe method is applicable for simultaneous analysis of ApoA‐I and ApoB‐100 in patient samples, and for characterization of serum pool calibrators for other analytical platforms.
Fault‐tolerant control for Markovian jump systems with general uncertain transition rates against simultaneous actuator and sensor faults
Authors: Li Xiaohang , Zhu Fanglai 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThis paper investigates the problems of simultaneous estimations of actuator faults and sensor faults, as well as fault‐tolerant control schemes for a class of Markovian jump systems with general uncertain transition rates. In a general uncertain transition rate matrix model, transition rate may be completely unknown, or one can only acquire its estimated value, which makes the design much more challenging. First, the original system is transformed into a descriptor one by extending the sensor faults to be parts of state vector. Then, a robust stochastic adaptive observer is designed for the descriptor system with the actuator fault being adjusted by an adaptive law. On the basis of the estimated states as well as estimated actuator and sensor faults, a fault‐tolerant control strategy is proposed to make the resulting closed‐loop system stable in the presence of the actuator fault. Sufficient existence conditions of the observer and controller are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, three practical examples are given to validate the high efficiency of our proposed method. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Society Reschooling
Authors: Street Brian V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis essay offers a commentary on how the relationship between language and literacy practices in and out of school has been conceptualized. It draws upon two new books in the field. Shirley Brice Heath's new book, Words at Work and Play: Three Decades in Family and Community Life, which makes use of rich ethnographic accounts of children's educational and literacy development across three generations, following her initial study of families in Ways With Words, argues that “everyday, informal learning that all engage in will link with and complement the more formal directions” (p. 169). In The Great Literacy Debate, an edited book from the U.K., the authors argue that the government's National Literacy Strategy there did not succeed, a failure which they claim was to be explained in terms of problems with how literacy was defined. A key issue for the authors, in both the U.S. and the U.K., is their criticism of formal educational approaches to literacy and the recognition that school needs to take account of social factors outside of school in helping pupils acquire the reading and writing skills required by schooling. This essay draws out the notion of two “fields” in the approach to literacy as a way of characterizing the issues raised: the field in which “literacy” is defined and performed in education and the field of New Literacy Studies, with its emphasis on social practice in a wider context than schooling. In an attempt to broaden the international focus of the consideration of the possible link between these two fields—how literacy in everyday life can be linked with literacy in educational contexts—the article then extends to a consideration of a program in which ethnographic perspectives have been applied to help teachers build on adult learners’ prior literacies. The project developed by Rogers and Street (2011) is labeled Learning Empowerment Through Training in Ethnographic Research (LETTER) and has been applied in a number of international contexts, such as India, Ethiopia, and Uganda. The paper concludes by pointing to a direction in which a literacy strategy might build on actual practice of the kind described, taking account of the theoretical and pedagogical principles developed in the books and programs reviewed here.
The Role of Inference Making and Other Language Skills in the Development of Narrative Listening Comprehension in 4–6‐Year‐Old Children
Authors: Lepola Janne , Lynch Julie , Laakkonen Eero , Silvén Maarit , Niemi Pekka 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this two‐year longitudinal study, we sought to examine the developmental relationships among early narrative listening comprehension and language skills (i.e., vocabulary knowledge, sentence memory, and phonological awareness) and the roles of these factors in predicting narrative listening comprehension at the age of 6 years. We also sought to examine the role of inference‐making skills as longitudinal and concurrent predictors of other language skills and listening comprehension from the age of 4 to 6 years. One hundred thirty Finnish‐speaking children participated in the study. A theoretical model of the developmental relationships among the variables was proposed and the associations were analyzed by means of path analysis. Results showed that inference skills, assessed through picture‐book viewing, made a significant and unique contribution to variation in later narrative listening comprehension. Inference skills also played an indirect role in narrative listening comprehension by making a significant contribution to vocabulary knowledge even after controlling for earlier vocabulary knowledge and sentence memory. Although vocabulary knowledge and sentence memory were related to concurrent narrative listening comprehension, they did not predict later listening comprehension over and above the autoregressor. The results are discussed in terms of the predictive validity and diagnostic sensitivity of inference skills assessments in listening comprehension. Implications for research and theory are also discussed.
Mechanisms of Tolerance Induction by Hematopoietic Chimerism: The Immune Perspective
Authors: Yolcu Esma S. , Shirwan Haval , Askenasy Nadir 
Published: March 2017

SummaryHematopoietic chimerism is one of the effective approaches to induce tolerance to donor-derived tissue and organ grafts without administration of life-long immunosuppressive therapy. Although experimental efforts to develop such regimens have been ongoing for decades, substantial cumulative toxicity of combined hematopoietic and tissue transplants precludes wide clinical implementation. Tolerance is an active immunological process that includes both peripheral and central mechanisms of mutual education of coresident donor and host immune systems. The major stages include sequential suppression of early alloreactivity, establishment of hematopoietic chimerism and suppressor cells that sustain the state of tolerance, with significant mechanistic and temporal overlap along the tolerization process. Efforts to devise less toxic transplant strategies by reduction of preparatory conditioning focus on modulation rather than deletion of residual host immunity and early reinstitution of regulatory subsets at the central and peripheral levels.