bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextual predictors of AUDIT scores among adult men living in India
Authors: Madden Danielle R , Rathi Lata , Stewart Ashley , Clapp John D 
Published: October 2017

Madden, D., Rathi, L., Stewart, A., & Clapp, J. (2017). Contextual predictors of AUDIT scores among adult men living in India. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 6(1), 53-58. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v6i1.241Introduction: Currently, little is known about the prevalence of alcohol use in India. In order to begin to address this knowledge gap, this exploratory study examined contextual aspects of drinking events and the relationship between these factors and high-risk drinking.Methods: A convenience sample of 198 adult men was recruited from rural areas adjacent to the city of Nagpur. Participants were sampled in two waves. Respondents in both waves completed a nine-item survey that addressed alcohol use, including motivation to drink, where one drinks, and with whom one drinks. Demographic characteristics (e.g., income) were also recorded. Respondents recruited in the second wave (n = 98) completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). The data were analyzed using Poisson regression models.Results: Of those who completed the AUDIT, 37% were at high risk for developing an alcohol-use disorder (i.e., received a score of 20 or greater). Participants had higher AUDIT scores (i.e., alcohol-use problems) when they reported typically buying alcohol in a shop. Furthermore, respondents with greater weekly incomes and those who drink with the motivation to get very drunk have higher AUDIT scores.Conclusions: This study found an alarmingly high rate of alcohol use and alcohol-related issues among respondents. A better understanding of drinking patterns and contextual aspects of drinking events is warranted.
Prevalence and correlates of substance use by Egyptian school youth
Authors: Loffredo Christopher A. , Shaker Yousri Edward , Jillson Irene A. , Boulos Dina N.K. , Saleh Doa'a A. , Garas Magdy , Ostrowski Mar-Jan , Sun Xiaoyang , Chen Xiaofei , Shander Benjamin , Amr Sania 
Published: October 2017

Loffredo, C., Shaker, Y., Jillson, I., Boulos, D., Saleh, D., Garas, M., Ostrowski, M., Sun, X., Chen, X., Shander, B., & Amr, S. (2017). Prevalence and correlates of substance use by Egyptian school youth. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 6(1), 37-51. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v6i1.242Aims: Substance use among Egyptian youth is an emerging public health problem, yet there is a paucity of information on the prevalence and correlates of these behaviors. To address this gap, we conducted surveys at 25 schools in Egypt in 2013 and 2014.Design: We calculated associations between substance use prevalence and age, gender, residence area, living arrangement, and employment status, along with adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).Setting: Cairo region and southern Egypt.Participants: School youth ages 12-18 (N=1,415).Measures: Self-administered survey on the use of cigarettes, waterpipes, alcohol, hashish, bango, heroin, Tramadol, other oral medications, injected substances, and glue/petrol sniffing; together with the amount and frequency of each substance used and age at initiation, in addition to demographic characteristics.Findings: Seventy-two percent of participants were male. Tobacco and cannabinoids were the most commonly used substances by both genders. Males reported smoking cigarettes (25%), waterpipes (15%), and hashish (6%), drinking alcohol (16%), and taking Tramadol (3%). Younger age (12–14 years) and residence outside of Cairo were somewhat protective. Among males, but not females, having a job increased the odds of smoking cigarettes (OR = 1.8, 95% CI [1.3, 2.6]), waterpipes (OR = 1.9, 95% CI [1.2, 2.9]), or hashish (OR = 2.0, 95% CI [1.1, 3.7]).Conclusions: These findings, consistent with reports from other countries, can inform the design and direct the resources of future public health programs targeting adolescents to prevent the onset of substance use and ultimately addiction in Egypt and elsewhere.
Diffusion Creep of Enstatite at High Pressures Under Hydrous Conditions
Authors: Zhang Guinan , Mei Shenghua , Song Maoshuang , Kohlstedt David L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMantle convection and large‐scale plate motion depend critically on the nature of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary and thus on the viscosity structure of Earth's upper mantle, which is determined by the rheological properties of its constituent minerals. To constrain the flow behavior of orthopyroxene, the second most abundant constituent of the upper mantle, deformation experiments were carried out in triaxial compressive creep on fine‐grained (~6 μm) samples of enstatite at high pressures (3.8–6.3 GPa) and high temperatures (1323–1573 K) using a deformation‐DIA apparatus. Based on results from this study, the deformation behavior of enstatite is quantitatively presented in the form of a flow law that describes the dependence of deformation rate on differential stress, water fugacity, temperature, and pressure. Specifically, the creep rate depends approximately linearly on stress, indicating deformation in the diffusion creep regime. A least squares regression fit to our data yielded a flow law for diffusion creep with an activation energy of ~200 kJ/mol and an activation volume of ~14 × 10−6 m3/mol. The magnitude of the water‐weakening effect is similar to that for olivine with a water fugacity exponent of r ≈ 0.7. This strong dependence of viscosity on water fugacity (concentration) indicates that the viscosity of an orthopyroxene‐bearing mantle varies from one geological setting to another, depending on the large‐scale water distribution. Based on the rheology contrast between olivine and enstatite, we conclude that olivine is weaker than enstatite throughout most of the upper mantle except in some shallow regions in the diffusion creep regime.
Hot Versus Cold Orogenic Behavior: Comparing the Araçuaí‐West Congo and the Caledonian Orogens
Authors: Fossen Haakon , Cavalcante G. Carolina , de Almeida Renato Paes 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObservations and modeling show that temperature controls crustal rheology and therefore also the orogenic evolution of continent‐continent collision zones and the associated tectonic style. In order to explore the effect of temperature in a natural environment, we compare eroded sections through the unusually cold lower Paleozoic North Atlantic Caledonian (Scandian) collision zone and the very hot Brasiliano/Pan‐African Araçuaí‐West Congo orogen. A cold and stiff subducting Caledonian continental margin was able to subduct as a rather coherent unit to ultrahigh‐pressure conditions, twice as deep as the Pan‐African/Brasiliano crust that was quickly heated and softened and got involved in partial melting. Furthermore, the Caledonian collision developed large coherent thrust sheets that were transported hundreds of kilometers toward the foreland. This was never achieved in the hot Araçuaí‐West Congo orogen, where much of the tectonic stress was absorbed by the partially molten central part of the orogen through magmatic state deformation. Major mylonite zones (thrusts) such as those seen in the Caledonides are therefore less common in the Araçuaí‐West Congo orogen. Further, the deep continental subduction in the Caledonides developed a strongly asymmetric collision zone, with rapid variations in pressure and temperature. In contrast, the Araçuaí‐West Congo orogen soon developed into a more symmetric geometry due to its easily flowing hot crust, with a relatively flat base and a corresponding plateau in its upper part. Deformation of the cold Caledonian crust was controlled by plate‐tectonic stress, while gravitational forces more strongly influenced the hot Brasiliano/Pan‐African example.
High‐Efficiency and Stable Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by a Solution‐Processed Metal‐Doped Nickel Oxide Hole Injection Interfacial Layer
Authors: Cao Fan , Wang Haoran , Shen Piaoyang , Li Xiaomin , Zheng Yanqiong , Shang Yuequn , Zhang Jianhua , Ning Zhijun , Yang Xuyong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStabilization is one critical issue that needs to be improved for future application of colloidal quantum dot (QD)‐based light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). This study reports highly efficient and stable QLEDs based on solution‐processsed, metal‐doped nickel oxide films as hole injection layer (HIL). Several kinds of metal dopants (Li, Mg, and Cu) are introduced to improve the hole injection capability of NiO films. The resulting device with Cu:NiO HIL exhibits superior performance compared to the state‐of‐the‐art poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene‐sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)‐based QLEDs, with a maximum current efficiency and external quantum efficiency of 45.7 cd A−1 and 10.5%, respectively. These are the highest values reported so far for QLEDs with PEDOT:PSS‐free normal structure. Meanwhile, the resulting QLED shows a half‐life time of 87 h at an initial luminance of 5000 cd m−2, almost fourfold longer than that of the PEDOT:PSS‐based device.
Dual‐Color‐Emitting Carbon Nanodots for Multicolor Bioimaging and Optogenetic Control of Ion Channels
Authors: Kim Hyemin , Park Yoonsang , Beack Songeun , Han Seulgi , Jung Dooyup , Cha Hyung Joon , Kwon Woosung , Hahn Sei Kwang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe development of intrinsically multicolor‐emitting carbon nanodots (CNDs) has been one of the great challenges for their various fields of applications. Here, the controlled electronic structure engineering of CNDs is performed to emit two distinct colors via the facile surface modification with 4‐octyloxyaniline. The so‐called dual‐color‐emitting CNDs (DC‐CNDs) can be stably encapsulated within poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride) (PSMA). The prepared water‐soluble DC‐CNDs@PSMA can be successfully applied to in vitro and in vivo dual‐color bioimaging and optogenetics. In vivo optical imaging can visualize the biodistribution of intravenously injected DC‐CNDs@PSMA. In addition, the light‐triggered activation of ion channel, channelrhodopsin‐2, for optogenetic applications is demonstrated. As a new type of fluorophore, DC‐CNDs offer a big insight into the design of charge‐transfer complexes for various optical and biomedical applications.
Toward a Four‐Electron Redox Quinone Polymer for High Capacity Lithium Ion Storage
Authors: Petronico Aaron , Bassett Kimberly L. , Nicolau Bruno G. , Gewirth Andrew A. , Nuzzo Ralph G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDespite recent advances, current polymeric organic cathode materials have failed to incorporate a high degree of lithium storage in a small molecular framework, resulting in low capacities relative to monomers. This report discloses the development of a lithium salt polymer of dihydroxyanthraquinone (LiDHAQS) capable of storing four Li+ per monomer. The combination of storing four Li+ per monomer and a low molecular weight monomer results in a capacity of 330 mA h g−1, a record for this class of material. The additional redox events responsible for added Li+ storage occur between 3.0 and 3.6 V versus Li/Li+ resulting in an average discharge potential of 2.5 V versus Li/Li+. These metrics combined yield a high energy density of 825 W h kg−1 which is a 55% improvement over commercial lithium cobalt oxide. The high performance of LiDHAQS makes it a promising material for next generation Li+ cathodes.
Influence of Donor Polymer on the Molecular Ordering of Small Molecular Acceptors in Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Huawei , Jiang Kui , Chow Philip C. Y. , Ye Long , Zhang Guangye , Li Zhengke , Carpenter Joshua H. , Ade Harald , Yan He 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on polymer donors and nonfullerene small molecular acceptors (SMAs) have recently attracted considerable attention. Although much of the progress is driven by the development of novel SMAs, the donor polymer also plays an important role in achieving efficient nonfullerene PSCs. However, it is far from clear how the polymer donor choice influences the morphology and performance of the SMAs and the nonfullerene blends. In addition, it is challenging to carry out quantitative analysis of the morphology of polymer:SMA blends, due to the low material contrast and overlapping scattering features of the π–π stacking between the two organic components. Here, a series of nonfullerene blends is studied based on ITIC‐Th blended with five different donor polymers. Through quantitative morphology analysis, the (010) coherence length of the SMA is characterized and a positive correlation between the coherence length of the SMA and the device fill factor (FF) is established. The study reveals that the donor polymer can significantly change the molecular ordering of the SMA and thus improve the electron mobility and domain purity of the blend, which has an overall positive effect that leads to the enhanced device FF for nonfullerene PSCs.
Complex Interplay between Absorber Composition and Alkali Doping in High‐Efficiency Kesterite Solar Cells
Authors: Haass Stefan G. , Andres Christian , Figi Renato , Schreiner Claudia , Bürki Melanie , Romanyuk Yaroslav E. , Tiwari Ayodhya N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSodium treatment of kesterite layers is a widely used and efficient method to boost solar cell efficiency. However, first experiments employing other alkali elements cause confusion as reported results contradict each other. In this comprehensive investigation, the effects of absorber composition, alkali element, and concentration on optoelectronic properties and device performance are investigated. Experimental results show that in the row Li–Na–K–Rb–Cs the nominal Sn content should be reduced by more than 20% (relative) to achieve the highest conversion efficiency. The alkali concentration resulting in highest device efficiencies is lower by an order of magnitude for the heavy alkali elements (Rb, Cs) compared to the lighter ones (Li, Na, K). Utilization of a wide range of characterization techniques helps to unveil the complex interplay between absorber composition and alkali doping. A ranking of alkali for best device performances, when employing alkali treatment, resulted in the order of Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs based on the statistics of more than 700 individual cells. Finally, a champion device with 11.5% efficiency (12.3% active area) is achieved using a high Li concentration with an optimized Sn content.
Universal Soldering of Lithium and Sodium Alloys on Various Substrates for Batteries
Authors: Wang Chengwei , Xie Hua , Zhang Lei , Gong Yunhui , Pastel Glenn , Dai Jiaqi , Liu Boyang , Wachsman Eric D. , Hu Liangbing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe high theoretical specific capacity of lithium (Li) metal and the nonflammability of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) make the solid‐state Li metal battery a promising option to develop safe batteries with high energy density. To make the switch from liquid to solid‐state electrolyte, the high interfacial resistance resulting from the poor solid–solid contacts between Li metal and SSEs needs to be addressed. Herein, a one‐step soldering technique to quickly coat molten Li onto different substrates including metals, ceramics, and polymers is presented. It is deduced that the surface energy and viscosity of the molten Li can be tuned by adding alloy elements, which improves the wettability against various substrates. When soldered onto the surface of garnet‐based SSEs, the Li alloys exhibit significantly improved contact, which leads to an interface resistance as low as ≈7 Ω cm2. While cycling under high loads, the newly plated Li still maintains tight contact with the garnet surface and demonstrates excellent electrochemical stability. Several Li binary alloys as well as sodium (Na) binary alloys are successfully tested on various substrates to demonstrate the versatility of this soldering technique for potential battery applications.
Elemental‐Sulfur‐Promoted C(sp3)−H Activation of Methyl Heteroarenes Leading to Thioamides
Authors: Liu Jianming , Zhao Shanshan , Yan Xuyang , Zhang Yanyan , Zhao Shufang , Zhuo Kelei , Yue Yuanyuan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn approach to access bioactive thioamides was developed based on elemental‐sulfur‐promoted C(sp3)−H activation of methyl heteroarenes. This transformation could successfully furnish a series of heterocyclic thioamides with excellent yields and it could be conducted on gram scale with good reaction efficiency. Mechanistic studies showed that methyl heteroarenes reacted with dimethylamine released from DMF to form the desired thioamide through elemental‐sulfur‐promoted C−H activation.
Kolloidale Quantennanostrukturen: neue Materialien für Displayanwendungen
Authors: Panfil Yossef E. , Oded Meirav , Banin Uri 
Published: October 2017

AbstractKolloidale Halbleiternanokristalle (“semiconductor nanocrystals”, SCNC), oder weiter gefasst kolloidale Quantennanostrukturen, stellen außergewöhnliche Modellsysteme zur Untersuchung von Größen‐ und Dimensionalitätseffekten dar. Aufgrund ihrer nanoskaligen Abmessungen kommt es zu Quantelungseffekten, die eine Abstimmung optischer und elektronischer Eigenschaften ermöglichen. Die Steuerung der Emissionsfarbe bei engen Photolumineszenzspektren, breite Absorptionsspektren sowie eine außergewöhnliche Photostabilität und eine gute chemische Verarbeitbarkeit durch Steuerung der Oberflächenchemie machen SCNS zu herausragenden Materialien für Displays der aktuellen und der nächsten Generation. In diesem Aufsatz beschreiben wir die chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften der SCNC und stellen die Vorteile verschiedener kolloidaler Quantennanostrukturen für Displayanwendungen vor, und wir betrachten mögliche Photolumineszenz‐ und Elektrolumineszenzdisplays unter Verwendung von SCNC.
Synthesis, characterization and application of 3‐methyl‐1‐sulfonic acid imidazolium tetrachloroferrate as nanostructured catalyst for the tandem reaction of β‐naphthol with aromatic aldehydes and amide derivatives
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Moosavi‐Zare Ahmad Reza , Firoozmand Saeed , Khodadadian Mohammad Reza 
Published: October 2017

3‐methyl‐1‐sulfonic acid imidazolium tetrachloroferrate {[Msim]FeCl4} was prepared and fully characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal gravimetric (DTG), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and used, as an efficient catalyst, for the tandem reaction of β‐naphthol with aromatic aldehydes and benzamide at 110 °C under solvent‐free conditions to give 1‐amidoalkyl‐2‐naphthols in high yields and very short reaction times.
Oxygen bridged Homobinuclear Mn(II) compounds with Anthranilic acid: Theoretical calculations, oxidation and catalase activity
Authors: Su Esra , Guven Alaettin , Kani Ibrahim 
Published: October 2017

Two new homobinuclear manganese compounds with mixed ligands, [Mn2(μ1,1–2‐NH2C6H4COO)2(phen)4](ClO4)2(CH3OH) (1), and [Mn2(μ1,3–2‐NH2C6H4COO)2(bipy)4](ClO4)2 (2) (NH2C6H4COOH = anthranilic acid, bipy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, phen = 1,10‐ phenanthroline) were synthesized and thoroughly characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV and single crystal X‐ray crystallography. X‐ray structure analysis shows that in the mono‐ and bidentate carboxylate bridged compounds, Mn–Mn distances of 1 and 2 are 3,461 Å, and 4,639 Å, respectively. The energy of the compounds was determined with a DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculation on B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) optimized geometry by using the B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) basis set. These compounds acts as biomimetic catalyst and show catalase‐like activity for the hydrogen peroxide dismutation at room temperature in different solvents with remarkable activity (TOF, Turnover frequency = mol of subst./(mol of cat. × time)) up to 12640 h−1 with 1, and 17910 h−1 with 2 in Tris–HCl buffer). Moreover, the catalytic activity of 1 and 2 has been studied for oxidation of alcohols (cinnamyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, 1‐octanol and 1‐heptanol) and alkenes (cyclohexene, styrene, ethyl benzene, 1‐octene and 1‐hexene) in a homogeneous catalytic system consisting t‐butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant in acetonitrile. Both compounds exhibited very high activity in the oxidation of cyclohexene to cyclohexanone (~80% selectivity, ~99% conversion in 1 h, TOF = 243 h−1 and 226 h−1) and cinnamyl alcohol to cinnamaldehyde (~64% selectivity) as the main product with very high TOF value (9180 h−1 and 13040 h−1 in the first minute of reaction) (~100% conversion in 0.5 h) with TBHP at 70 °C in acetonitrile, for 1 and 2, respectively.
A method for controlling the surface morphology of centrifugally spun starch‐based fibers
Authors: Li Xianglong , Hou Teng , Lu Yishen , Yang Bin 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTIn the present study, we provide a method for controlling the surface morphology of centrifugally spun starch‐based fibers by adjusting the ratio of amylopectin/amylose in starches and combining with a hot blast temperature. The effects of hot blast temperature, amylopectin, and amylose on fiber surface morphologies are investigated. Scanning electron microscopy is used to characterize the morphology of the prepared fibers. The results show that fibers with burr‐shaped nanostructures on the surface can be fabricated by adding amylopectin to starches and are promoted by increasing the hot blast temperature. However, amylose in starches plays the role of smoothing the fiber surfaces. X‐ray diffraction reveals that the fibers are amorphous. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, it was found that some physicochemical changes occur during centrifugal spinning. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45810.
Probing the interaction of cephalosporin with bovine serum albumin: A structural and comparative perspective
Authors: Cheng Li‐Yang , Yang Cheng‐Zhang , Li Hui‐Zi , Li Min , Bai Ai‐Min , Ouyang Yu , Hu Yan‐Jun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCephalosporins belong the largest class of antibiotics used in the treatment of a wide range of infectious diseases caused by susceptible organisms. In the present study, we chose two typical antibiotics cefalexin/cefixime based on their structure, and investigated the interaction of cephalexin/cefixime with bovine serum albumin (BSA) using UV–vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and molecular modeling approaches. Spectroscopic experiments revealed the formation of a BSA − cefalexin/cefixime complex. The binding parameters calculated using a modified Stern − Volmer method and the Scatchard method reached 103–104 L·mol−1. Thermodynamic parameter studies revealed that binding characteristics by negative enthalpy and positive entropy changes, and electrostatic interactions play a major role. Site marker competitive displacement experiments and molecular modeling approaches demonstrated that cefalexin and cefixime bind with appropriate affinity to site I (subdomain IIA) of BSA. Furthermore, synchronous fluorescence spectra, CD spectra and molecular modeling results indicated that the secondary structure of BSA was changed in the presence of cefalexin and cefixime. Additionally, the effects of metal ions on the BSA − cefalexin/cefixime system were also assessed.