bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Structured Physical Activity on Respiratory Outcomes in Sedentary Elderly Adults with Mobility Limitations
Authors: Vaz Fragoso Carlos A. , Beavers Daniel P. , Anton Stephen D. , Liu Christine K. , McDermott Mary M. , Newman Anne B. , Pahor Marco , Stafford Randall S. , Gill Thomas M. ,   the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence in Elders Investigators
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of structured physical activity on respiratory outcomes in community‐dwelling elderly adults with mobility limitations.DesignMulticenter, randomized trial of physical activity vs health education, with respiratory variables prespecified as tertiary outcomes over an intervention period of 24–42 months. Physical activity included walking (goal of 150 min/week) and strength, flexibility, and balance training. Health education included workshops on topics relevant to older adults and upper extremity stretching exercises.SettingLifestyle Interventions and Independence in Elders (LIFE) Study.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling persons aged 70–89 with Short Physical Performance Battery scores less than 10 (N = 1,635).MeasurementsDyspnea severity (defined as moderate to severe according to a Borg index >2 immediately after a 400‐m walk), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (<lower limit of normal (LLN) defined low breathing capacity), and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) (<LLN defined respiratory muscle weakness) were assessed at baseline and 6, 18, and 30 months. Hospitalization for exacerbation of obstructive airways disease (EOAD) and pneumonia was also ascertained over the 42‐month follow‐up period.ResultsThe randomized groups were similar in baseline demographics, including mean age (79) and sex (67% female). The effect of physical activity on dyspnea severity, FEV1, and MIP was no different from that of health education but was associated with higher likelihood of respiratory hospitalization, significantly for EOAD (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19–4.61, P = .01) and marginally for pneumonia (HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 0.98–2.42, P = .06).ConclusionIn older persons with mobility limitations, physical activity was associated with higher likelihood of respiratory hospitalization than health education, but differences in dyspnea severity, FEV1, and MIP did not accompany this effect—indicating that higher hospital use could be attributable to greater participant contact.
Relationship Between Circulating Thyroid‐Stimulating Hormone, Free Thyroxine, and Free Triiodothyronine Concentrations and 9‐Year Mortality in Euthyroid Elderly Adults
Authors: Ceresini Graziano , Marina Michela , Lauretani Fulvio , Maggio Marcello , Bandinelli Stefania , Ceda Gian P. , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the association between plasma thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) levels and all‐cause mortality in older adults who had levels of all three hormones in the normal range.DesignLongitudinal.SettingCommunity‐based.ParticipantsEuthyroid Invecchiare in Chianti study participants aged 65 and older (N = 815).MeasurementsPlasma TSH, FT3, and FT4 levels were predictors, and 9‐year all‐cause mortality was the outcome. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for confounders were used to examine the relationship between TSH, FT3, and FT4 quartiles and all‐cause mortality over 9 years of follow‐up.ResultsDuring follow‐up (mean person‐years 8,643.7, range 35.4–16,985.0), 181 deaths occurred (22.2%). Participants with TSH in the lowest quartile had higher mortality than the rest of the population. After adjusting for multiple confounders, participants with TSH in the lowest quartile (hazard ratio = 2.22, 95% confidence interval = 1.19–4.22) had significantly higher all‐cause mortality than those with TSH in the highest quartile. Neither FT3 nor FT4 was associated with mortality.ConclusionIn elderly euthyroid subjects, normal‐low TSH is an independent risk factor for all‐cause mortality.
Diagnosis and Disruption: Population‐Level Analysis Identifying Points of Care at Which Transitions Are Highest for People with Dementia and Factors That Contribute to Them
Authors: Sivananthan Saskia N. , McGrail Kimberlyn M. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo examine transitions that individuals with dementia experience longitudinally and to identify points of care when transitions are highest and the factors that contribute to those transitions.DesignPopulation‐based 10‐year retrospective cohort study from 2000 to 2011.SettingGeneral community.ParticipantsAll individuals aged 65 and older newly diagnosed with dementia in British Columbia, Canada.MeasurementsThe frequency and timing of transitions over 10 years, participant characteristics associated with greater number of transitions, and the influence of recommended dementia care and high‐quality primary care on number of transitions.ResultsIndividuals experience a spike in transitions during the year of diagnosis, driven primarily by hospitalizations, despite accounting for end of life or newly moving to a long‐term care facility (LTCF). This occurs regardless of survival time or care location. Regardless of survival time, individuals not inLTCFs experience a marked increase in hospitalizations in the year before and the year of death, often exceeding hospitalizations in the year of diagnosis. Receipt of recommended dementia care and receipt of high‐quality primary care were independently associated with fewer transitions across care settings.ConclusionThe spike in transitions in the year of diagnosis highlights a distressing period for individuals with dementia during which unwanted or unnecessary transitions might occur and suggests a useful target for interventions. There is an association between recommended dementia care and outcomes and evidence of the continued value of high‐quality primary care in a complex population at a critical point when gaps in continuity are especially likely.
Private Practice of Prosthodontists in the United States: Results from the 2008, 2011, and 2014 Surveys of Prosthodontists
Authors: Nash Kent D. , Benting Douglas G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurposeTo review data and results from past surveys of prosthodontists sponsored and conducted by the American College of Prosthodontists (ACP). Specifically, most results are examined and presented from the surveys conducted in 2008, 2011, and 2014. Selected survey results are examined for prosthodontists in private practice.Materials and MethodsResults from past surveys of prosthodontists were statistically examined and used to estimate several characteristics of the current population of practicing prosthodontists. The selected characteristics included age, gender, number of patient visits, hours in the practice, employment of staff, referral sources, and financial conditions (e.g., gross receipts, expenses in the practice, and net income of prosthodontists). While the most recent survey was conducted during the year 2014, the respondents reported survey data for the previous year of 2013.ResultsThe average age of a private practice prosthodontist in 2013 reached 52 years; 26 years since graduation from dental school and 20 years since completion of residency; an average of 20 years since starting practice as a prosthodontist, with 52.2% in solo practice. The mean number of hours per week in the practice was 32.6 hours, and practicing prosthodontists treated an average of 33 patient visits per week. The single largest source of referrals is the prosthodontist's patients, while general practitioners are a close second source of referrals. The largest percentage of time spent treating patients is for fixed prosthodontics (21%), which has declined from a mean of 24.1% reported in 2007. The mean amount of nominal gross billings in 2013 was $654,270 per prosthodontist, which was lower than the mean gross billings in both 2007 and 2010; average total practice expenses were $577,480; and the mean nominal net earnings in 2013 of prosthodontists in private practice was $225,280.ConclusionChanges have continued to take place in the private practice of prosthodontics during most of the last decade. The prosthodontist private practice industry, not unlike dentistry as a whole, has undergone economic and practice challenges that have affected the conditions of the private practice of prosthodontists.
Digital Relief of the Mental Foramen for a CAD/CAM‐Fabricated Mandibular Denture
Authors: Ohkubo Chikahiro , Park Eun‐Jin , Kim Tae Hyung , Kurtz Kenneth S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRelief of the intaglio surface of a denture base is conventionally performed using thin wax and soft metal foil attached to the master cast. The following report highlights a new relief procedure for the mental foramen using a CT double scan technique on the CAD/CAM dentures fabricated for the patient with paresthesia of the left lower lip and chin during mastication.
A new type of 3‐D peripheral ultrastructure in Glaucocystis (Glaucocystales, Glaucophyta) as revealed by ultra‐high voltage electron microscopy
Authors: Takahashi Toshiyuki , Nishida Tomoki , Saito Chieko , Yasuda Hidehiro , Nozaki Hisayoshi 
Published: March 2016

The coccoid glaucophyte genus Glaucocystis is characterized by having a thick cell wall, which has to date prohibited examination of the native ultrastructural features of the protoplast periphery. Recently, however, the three‐dimensional (3‐D) ultrastructure of the protoplast periphery was revealed in two divergent Glaucocystis species, with the world's most powerful ultra‐high voltage electron microscope (UHVEM). The two species exhibit morphological diversity in terms of their 3‐D ultrastructural features. However, these two types do not seem to encompass actual ultrastructural diversity in the genetically diverse genus Glaucocystis. Here, we report a new type of peripheral 3‐D ultrastructure resolved in “G. incrassata” SAG 229‐2 cells by 3‐D modeling based on UHVEM tomography using high‐pressure freezing and freeze‐substitution fixation. The plasma membrane and underlying flattened vesicles in “G. incrassata” SAG 229‐2 exhibited grooves at intervals of 200–600 nm, and the flattened vesicles often overlapped one another at the protoplast periphery. This 3‐D ultrastructure differs from those of the two types previously reported in other species of Glaucocystis. The possibility of classification of Glaucocystis species based on the 3‐D ultrastructure of the protoplast periphery is discussed.
Embodiment and the Construction of Social Knowledge: Towards an Integration of Embodiment and Social Representations Theory
Authors: O'Connor Cliodhna 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRecent developments in the psychological and social sciences have seen a surge of attention to concepts of embodiment. The burgeoning field of embodied cognition, as well as the long‐standing tradition of phenomenological philosophy, offer valuable insights for theorising how people come to understand the world around them. However, the implications of human embodiment have been largely neglected by one of the key frameworks for conceptualising the development of social knowledge: Social Representations Theory. This article seeks to spark a dialogue between Social Representations Theory and embodiment research. It outlines the position the body occupies in the existing theoretical and empirical social representations literature, and argues that incorporating concepts gleaned from embodiment research may facilitate a more comprehensive account of the aetiology of social representations. The value of analytic attention to embodiment is illustrated with reference to a recent study of social representations of neuroscience, which suggested that embodied experience can shape the extent to which people engage with certain topics, the conditions under which they do so, and the conceptual and affective content of the ensuing representations. The article argues that expanding Social Representations Theory's methodological and conceptual toolkit, in order to illuminate the interplay between embodied experience and social communication in the development of common‐sense knowledge, promises productive directions for empirical and theoretical advancement.
Experimental Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Inhibition in CNS Injury‐Induced Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Burkovskiy Ian , Zhou Juan , Lehmann Christian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveSevere CNS injury, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, or spinal cord injury, is known to increase susceptibility to infections. The increased susceptibility to infection is due to an impaired immune response and is referred to as CIDS. The CB2 receptor on immune cells presents a potential therapeutic target in CIDS as activation of this receptor has been shown to be involved in immunosuppression. The main purpose of this study was to determine the impact of CB2 receptor inhibition on leukocyte activation within the microcirculation following endotoxin challenge in an experimental stroke model.MethodsFive experimental groups (male C57BL/6 mice, age: 6‐8 weeks) were subjected to the following treatments: control; endotoxemia (LPS 5 mg/kg, i.v.); transient cerebral hypoxia‐ischemia (HI) + endotoxemia; HI + endotoxemia + CB2 receptor antagonist (AM630 2.5 mg/kg, i.v.). HI was induced by unilateral carotid artery occlusion, followed by 50 minute exposure to a low oxygen atmosphere (8% O2). The CB2 receptor antagonist was given 15 min prior to LPS administration. Intravital microscopy (IVM) was carried out 2h after LPS administration. Brains were extracted and stained with tetrazolium chloride (TTC) to measure infarct volume.ResultsCompared to endotoxemic animals without CNS injury, mice subjected to HI displayed reduced leukocyte activation in intestinal submucosal venules indicative of CIDS. Administration of the CB2 receptor antagonist in animals with CIDS challenged with endotoxin restored peripheral leukocyte recruitment without a detrimental impact on infarct size.ConclusionWe conclude that the ECS is involved in the impaired immune response following CNS injury. Future studies should further explore the CB2 receptor pathway to develop novel therapies for CIDS.
Exercise and Repeated Testing Improves Accuracy of Laser Doppler Assessment of Microvascular Function Following Shortened (1‐minute) Blood Flow Occlusion
Authors: Tran Brian D. , Chiu Abraham , Tran Charlene , Rogacion Danica Rose , Tfaye Nicole , Ganesan Goutham , Galassetti Pietro R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether stability/accuracy of post‐occlusive LDF following shortened, one‐minute blood flow occlusion, increases in the post‐exercise state or by averaging multiple measurements.MethodsSix healthy adults (3F) underwent LDF eight times at rest and following exercise, assessing post‐occlusive (one‐minute occlusion) reactive hyperemia in the cutaneous microcirculation of the forefinger. Measured variables included: pre‐ and post‐occlusion steady‐state perfusion (Plat1, Plat2), maximum post‐occlusive perfusion (Max), PkT, and the ratio Max/Plat1.ResultsStability/accuracy of all variables improved performing measurements after exercise (p < 0.05 Plat 1, Plat 2, Max and Max/Plat1). PkT and Max/Plat 1 displayed the greatest accuracy at rest (26.6 ± 5.1% and 26.6 ± 4.4% average difference, %Diff, of single measurements from individual “true” means, respectively); for these variables, %Diff improved to 19.5 ± 5.3 and 17.6 ± 2.1, respectively, following exercise. Overall, averaging multiple measurements performed at rest also improved stability/accuracy in all variables. This improvement was comparable to that obtained with a single measurement following exercise.ConclusionsA standardized exercise stimulus prior to testing significantly improves stability/accuracy of LDF following shortened, one‐minute blood flow occlusion. Our results suggest the possibilities of broader applications of exercise to optimize measurements from a variety of skin perfusion methodologies.
User‐driven conversations about dialysis through Facebook: A qualitative thematic analysis
Authors: Ahmed Salim , Haines‐Saah Rebecca J , Afzal Arfan R , Tam‐Tham Helen , Al Mamun Mohammad , Hemmelgarn Brenda R , Turin Tanvir C 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimAs one of the most popular social networking sites in the world, Facebook has strong potential to enable peer support and the user‐driven sharing of health information. We carried out a qualitative thematic analysis of the wall posts of a public Facebook group focused on dialysis to identify some of the major themes discussed.MethodsWe searched Facebook using the word ‘dialysis’. A Facebook group (Dialysis Discussion Uncensored) with the highest number of members was selected amongst publicly available forums related to dialysis and operated in English (http://www.facebook.com/groups/DialysisUncensored). Two researchers independently extracted information on features of the group including purpose, group members and the user‐generated posts on the group wall. Posts were further analysed to develop major themes.ResultsCharacteristics of a Facebook group based on its participants and activities are presented. Three themes are described with representative quotations. In a period of 2 weeks, we found 1257 wall posts with total of 31 636 likes and 15 972 comments. All messages were in English, and the majority of the participants were dialysis patients. However, we observed the participation of family members and care providers as well. Posts were categorized into three major themes: sharing information, seeking and providing emotional and social support and sharing experience.ConclusionFindings of this study provide an example of how a social networking platform can enable patients and their families to share information and to encourage peer‐based support for managing dialysis‐related experiences.
Prevalence and cumulative incidence of food hyper‐sensitivity in the first 10 years of life
Authors: Venter Carina , Patil Veeresh , Grundy Jane , Glasbey Gillian , Twiselton Roger , Arshad Syed Hasan , Dean Taraneh 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence, incidence and natural history of food hypersensitivity (FHS) and its trends in an unselected cohort of older children are unclear.MethodsA birth cohort born on the Isle of Wight (UK) between 2001 and 2002 was followed up prospectively. Children were clinically examined and skin prick tested at set times and invited for food challenges when indicated. At 10 years of age, children were also invited for a blood test.ResultsA total of 969 children were recruited at 12 weeks of pregnancy, and 92.9%, 88.5%, 91.6% and 85.3% were assessed at 1, 2, 3 and 10 years. Prevalence of sensitization to any allergen over 10 years was 186 of 969 (19.2%; 95% CI: 16.84–21.8) and 108 of 969 (11.2%; 95% CI: 9.31–13.29) children were sensitized to at least one predefined food allergen. Excluding wheat (due to cross‐reactivity with pollen), 40 of 969 (4.1%; 95% CI: 3.19–5.32) children were sensitized to a predefined food allergen. Using food challenges and/or a good clinical history, the cumulative incidence of food hypersensitivity (FHS) in the first decade of life was 64 of 947 (6.8%, 95% CI: 5.2–8.4), while the prevalence of FHS at 10 years was 30 of 827 (3.6%, 95% CI: 2.54–5.15). The vast majority, 25 of 827 (3.0%, 95% CI: 1.8–4.2), suffered from IgE‐mediated food allergy, while 5 of 827 (0.6%, 95% CI: 0.07–1.3) had non‐IgE‐mediated food allergy/food intolerance.ConclusionsBy the age of 10 years, 6.8% of children suffered from FHS based on food challenges and a good clinical history. There was a large discrepancy between reported and diagnosed FHS.
Non‐immediate hypersensitivity reactions to beta‐lactam antibiotics in children – our 10‐year experience in allergy work‐up
Authors: Atanaskovic‐Markovic Marina , Gaeta Francesco , Medjo Biljana , Gavrovic‐Jankulovic Marija , Cirkovic Velickovic Tanja , Tmusic Vladimir , Romano Antonino 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundNon‐immediate reactions to beta‐lactam antibiotics (BL) occur more than one hour after drug administration, and the most common manifestations are maculopapular exanthemas and delayed‐appearing urticaria and/or angioedema. Infections can lead to skin eruptions and mimic drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR), if a drug is taken at the same time. The most of children are labeled as ‘drug allergic’ after considering only the clinical history.ObjectiveTo diagnose/detect a hypersensitivity or an infection which mimicDHRin children with non‐immediate reactions toBLMethodsA prospective survey was conducted in a group of 1026 children with histories of non‐immediate reactions toBLby performing patch tests, skin tests, and in case of negative results, drug provocation tests (DPTs). In 300 children, a study was performed to detect infections by viruses or Mycoplasma pneumoniae.ResultsUrticaria and maculopapular exanthemas were the most reported non‐immediate reactions. Only 76 (7.4%) of 1026 children had confirmed non‐immediate hypersensitivity reactions toBL. Fifty‐seven children had positive delayed‐reading intradermal tests (18 of these with a positive patch test). Nineteen children had positiveDPT. Sixty‐six of 300 children had positive tests for viruses or Mycoplasma pneumoniae and 2 of them had a positive allergy work‐up.ConclusionsA diagnostic work‐up should be performed in all children with non‐immediate reactions toBL, to remove a false label of hypersensitivity. Even though only 57 (5.5%) of 1026 children displayed positive responses to delayed‐reading intradermal tests toBL, such tests appear to be useful in order to reduce the risk for positiveDPTs.
A case series of peripheral nerve blocks in pediatrics and young adults with skeletal dysplasia
Authors: Eiszner James R. , Atanda Alfred , Rangavajjula Ashwin , Theroux Mary 
Published: March 2016

SummaryAimThe purpose of this study was to report our experience with peripheral nerve blockade in pediatric and young adult patients with skeletal dysplasia undergoing knee arthroscopy.BackgroundThe incidence of skeletal dysplasia is 1 : 4000 live births. These patients have biomechanical predispositions to knee joint degeneration, which is often palliated by arthroscopic surgery. Regional anesthesia has been proven to improve the cost and quality of care in adults undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery.MethodsThis was a retrospective case series of patients with skeletal dysplasia undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery from 2012–2014 at a tertiary‐care, pediatric hospital. Data pertaining to block effectiveness, technique, adjunct local anesthetic, rates of postoperative nausea/vomiting and admissions, and complications were recorded.ResultsTwenty patients with skeletal dysplasia underwent arthroscopic knee surgery during the study period. Ten of these patients received peripheral nerve blockade (12 procedures). All patients received femoral, femoral/sciatic, or femoral/sciatic/obturator blocks. One patient required opioid, constituting a block failure. The same patient required overnight admission for pain control. No patients suffered from PONV. There were no complications associated with any of the blocks performed.ConclusionsPatients with skeletal dysplasia receiving lower extremity nerve blocks consume minimal opioid and report no major complications. Anesthesiologists should consider this mode of anesthesia in these patients. While no nerve injuries were discovered, further study is necessary to determine whether rates of nerve injury are comparable to that in the general pediatric population. Given the size of the skeletal dysplasia population, this type of study would require close to a decade of metadata from numerous institutions.
Delayed‐Onset Sclerema Neonatorum in a Critically Ill Premature Infant
Authors: Spohn Gina P. , Pietras Thomas A. , Stone Mary Seabury 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSclerema neonatorum is extremely rare in the 21st century. We report a premature infant managed in a neonatal intensive care unit with delayed development of sclerema neonatorum.