bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal stem cells in cardiac regeneration: a detailed progress report of the last 6 years (2010–2015)
Authors: Singh Aastha , Singh Abhishek , Sen Dwaipayan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells have been used for cardiovascular regenerative therapy for decades. These cells have been established as one of the potential therapeutic agents, following several tests in animal models and clinical trials. In the process, various sources of mesenchymal stem cells have been identified which help in cardiac regeneration by either revitalizing the cardiac stem cells or revascularizing the arteries and veins of the heart. Although mesenchymal cell therapy has achieved considerable admiration, some challenges still remain that need to be overcome in order to establish it as a successful technique. This in-depth review is an attempt to summarize the major sources of mesenchymal stem cells involved in myocardial regeneration, the significant mechanisms involved in the process with a focus on studies (human and animal) conducted in the last 6 years and the challenges that remain to be addressed.
Fixed points for cyclic φ-contractions in generalized metric spaces
Authors: He Fei , Chen Alatancang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we obtain a fixed point theorem for mappings satisfying cyclicφ-contractive conditions in complete metric spaces, which gives a positive answer to the question raised by Radenović (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2015:189, 2015). We also find that this result and the fixed point result satisfying cyclic weakϕ-contractions given by Karapınar (Appl. Math. Lett. 24:822-825, 2011) are independent of each other. Furthermore, when the number of cyclic sets is odd, we obtain fixed point theorems satisfying cyclic weakϕ-contractions and cyclicφ-contractions in the setting of generalized metric spaces.
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Willis Mary Alissa , Fox Robert J. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of Review:
Many therapeutic advances for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) have occurred in the past 25 years. Although similar advances in disease-modifying therapies have not been realized in progressive MS, many symptomatic therapeutic strategies can benefit patients with progressive MS. Few guidelines exist for management of patients with progressive MS.

Recent Findings:
The classification of progressive MS was revised in 2013 to include a description of inflammatory disease activity determined by clinical relapses or imaging findings. Developing knowledge about the pathogenesis of progressive MS and the role of comorbidities in modifying the disease course has implications for the clinical management of patients with progressive MS as well as for clinical trial design. Current and upcoming clinical trials will assess a wide range of interventions, including immunomodulatory agents, putative neuroprotective molecules, stem cell therapy, nutrition, and rehabilitation techniques.

Summary:
None of the therapies currently approved for use in relapsing-remitting MS have been shown to slow the gradual progression of disability that occurs in the absence of recent relapses or changes in MRI. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to address the many symptoms that impact quality of life for patients with progressive MS.
New Approaches to the Diagnosis, Clinical Course, and Goals of Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
Authors: Krieger Stephen C. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
The diagnosis, categorization, and treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating diseases have shifted over the past decade, and many of the fundamental principles of MS pathogenesis and clinical course are being rewritten. Fundamental issues include selecting the right disease-modifying therapy for someone with active disease and how, or even if, patients with purely progressive MS should be treated. This article provides an overview and introduction to the current thinking in MS diagnosis and therapy with an emphasis on the data-driven and proactive approach that has come to define the current state of the art.
Pregnancy in the Setting of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Fabian Michelle 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of Review:
This article provides a review of the available data on reproductive issues that arise in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Recent Findings:
Recent findings have replicated earlier findings that pregnancy and possibly breast-feeding bring about a favorable immunomodulatory effect in patients with MS. Use of disease-modifying therapies prior to pregnancy may further decrease a patient’s risk for postpartum disease activity.

Summary:
The annualized relapse rate in MS decreases during pregnancy, with a nadir in the third trimester, and rebounds significantly in the 3-month postpartum period. Exclusive breast-feeding may exert a beneficial effect in decreasing the postpartum risk for relapse. Certain assisted reproductive technology methods are thought to increase the risk for relapse. Disease-modifying therapies are generally discontinued during pregnancy and lactation with a few exceptions. The pregnancy course is usually routine without significant obstetric complications, and babies, although slightly smaller, are typically healthy.
Severe, Highly Active, or Aggressive Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Freedman Mark S. , Rush Carolina A. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of Review:
Despite the efficacy of current therapies for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), there remains a group of patients whose disease fails to respond and warrants a different approach to treatment. This article reviews this form of aggressive MS and proposes a definition and new treatment algorithm. Failing to recognize aggressive MS and initiate more effective therapy will result in a lost opportunity to effectively treat the disease.

Recent Findings:
Natural history studies, together with the results of contemporary clinical trials, help to identify and profile a subset of patients with relapsing MS who have a much poorer prognosis and for whom conventional treatment tends to fail. Therapies that have shown success in the treatment of this patient group with aggressive MS are reviewed and discussed.

Summary:
It is imperative to recognize aggressive MS to effectively treat it before patients progress. Recognizing aggressive MS as early as possible is the key to successful implementation of a proposed algorithm.
Incidental Lesions Suggesting Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Okuda Darin T. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of Review:
Neurologists are frequently asked to consult on patients with incidentally observed anomalies on brain MRI that may be suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS). The identification of such findings has important clinical management implications. This review provides an overview and practical clinical approach options for clinicians.

Recent Findings:
An increase in the number of brain MRI studies performed annually is expected to result in detection of a corresponding greater number of unanticipated anomalies. A disproportionate number of patients referred to neurologists for this reason have punctate subcortical T2 hyperintensities that appear nonspecific in origin rather than having imaging features concerning for MS. However, in some instances, the MRI characteristics appear to be typical for demyelination. When these features are observed, efforts should be pursued to identify an accurate explanation for the preclinical findings through rigorous clinical evaluation, paraclinical testing, and utilization of longitudinal imaging.

Summary:
The identification of subjects with incidental T2 hyperintensities highly suggestive of MS is important for patient counseling and management. Continued neurologic evaluations and reassessment of the original clinical impression are recommended to ensure accurate interpretation of the available data.
Short Telomere Length and Ischemic Heart Disease: Observational and Genetic Studies in 290 022 Individuals
Authors: Scheller Madrid Alexander , Rode Line , Nordestgaard Børge G , Bojesen Stig E 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Short telomeres are associated with aging and have been associated with a high risk of ischemic heart disease in observational studies; however, the latter association could be due to residual confounding and/or reverse causation. We wanted to test the hypothesis that short telomeres are associated with high risk of ischemic heart disease using a Mendelian randomization approach free of reverse causation and of most confounding.

METHODS
We genotyped 3 genetic variants in OBFC1 (oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding fold containing 1), TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase), and TERC (telomerase RNA component), which code for proteins and RNA involved in telomere maintenance. We studied 105 055 individuals from Copenhagen; 17 235 of these individuals were diagnosed with ischemic heart disease between 1977 and 2013, and 66 618 had telomere length measured. For genetic studies, we further included the Coronary ARtery DIsease Genome wide Replication and Meta-analysis (CARDIoGRAM) consortium dataset, which included up to 184 967 participants and 60 837 cases of ischemic heart disease. We conducted multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazard models for observational estimates, using logistic and instrumental variable analysis for genetic estimates.

RESULTS
Observationally, a 200-bp–shorter telomere length was associated with a multivariable adjusted hazard ratio for ischemic heart disease of 1.02 (95% CI, 1.01–1.03). Per allele, telomeres were shorter by 67 bp (73–60). In meta-analyses of all 4 studies combined, odds ratios for ischemic heart disease were 1.05 (1.03–1.08) for OBCF1, 1.04 (1.02–1.06) for TERT, and 1.01 (0.99–1.03) for TERC. A genetically determined 200-bp–shorter telomere length was associated with an odds ratio for ischemic heart disease of 1.10 (1.06–1.14).

CONCLUSIONS
Shorter telomeres were associated with a higher risk of ischemic heart disease, both observationally and genetically.
Live coding and teaching SuperCollider
Authors: Collins Nick 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
SuperCollider (SC) is a highly customizable programming language for music; live coding is the dynamic rewriting of a computer program as a concert or exploratory act. Learning sessions on SC can make ready use of live coding techniques, with many interesting musical possibilities, and this article explores the author’s twelve years of SC teaching. Contexts include SC workshops for adults, undergraduate computer music classes, and widening participation of creative coding sampler sessions for 11–13-year olds. The article is a personal reflection on pedagogy, which can provide ideas for live coding and computer music teaching across a range of audiences.
Elliptic Equations with Weight and Combined Nonlinearities
Authors: Furtado Marcelo F. , da Silva João Pablo P. , Souza Bruno N. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We consider the equation

-

div
⁡

(

a
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

∇
⁡
u

)

=

b
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

|
u
|

q
-
2

⁢
u

+

c
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

|
u
|

p
-
2

⁢
u

,

u
∈

H
0
1

⁢

(
Ω
)

,

$-\operatorname{div}(a(x)\nabla u)=b(x)|u|^{q-2}u+c(x)|u|^{p-2}u,\quad u\in H_{% 0}^{1}(\Omega),$

where

Ω
⊂

ℝ
N

${\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}}$

is a bounded smooth domain and

N
≥
4

${N\geq 4}$

. The functions a, b and c satisfy some hypotheses which provide a variational structure for the problem. For

1
<
q
<
2
<
p
≤

2
⁢
N

/

(

N
-
2

)

${1<q<2<p\leq 2N/(N-2)}$

we obtain the existence of two nonzero solutions if the function b has small Lebesgue norm. The proof is based on minimization arguments and the Mountain Pass Theorem.
Torsion Functions and the Cheeger Problem: A Fractional Approach
Authors: Bueno Hamilton P. , Ercole Grey , Macedo Shirley S. , Pereira Gilberto A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Let Ω be a Lipschitz bounded domain of

ℝ
N

${\mathbb{R}^{N}}$

,

N
≥
2

${N\geq 2}$

. The fractional Cheeger constant

h
s

⁢

(
Ω
)

${h_{s}(\Omega)}$

,

0
<
s
<
1

${0<s<1}$

, is defined by

h
s

⁢

(
Ω
)

=

inf

E
⊂
Ω

⁡

P
s

⁢

(
E
)

|
E
|

,
where

P
s

⁢

(
E
)

=

∫

ℝ
N

∫

ℝ
N

|

χ
E

⁢

(
x
)

-

χ
E

⁢

(
y
)

|

|

x
-
y

|

N
+
s

⁢

d

x

⁢

d
y

,

$h_{s}(\Omega)=\inf_{E\subset{\Omega}}\frac{P_{s}(E)}{|E|},\quad\text{where}% \quad P_{s}(E)=\int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}\int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}\frac{|\chi_{E}(x)-% \chi_{E}(y)|}{|x-y|^{N+s}}\,\mathrm{d}x\,\mathrm{d}y,$

with

χ
E

${\chi_{E}}$

denoting the characteristic function of the smooth subdomain E. The main purpose of this paper is to show that

lim

p
→

1
+

|

ϕ
p
s

|

L
∞

⁢

(
Ω
)

1
-
p

=

h
s

(
Ω
)

=

lim

p
→

1
+

|

ϕ
p
s

|

L
1

⁢

(
Ω
)

1
-
p

,

$\lim_{p\rightarrow 1^{+}}\lvert\phi_{p}^{s}|_{L^{\infty}(\Omega)}^{1-p}=h_{s}(% \Omega)=\lim_{p\rightarrow 1^{+}}\lvert\phi_{p}^{s}|_{L^{1}(\Omega)}^{1-p},$

where

ϕ
p
s

${\phi_{p}^{s}}$

is the fractional

(
s
,
p
)

${(s,p)}$

-torsion function of Ω, that is, the solution of the Dirichlet problem for the fractional p-Laplacian:

-

(
Δ
)

p
s

⁢
u

=
1

${-(\Delta)_{p}^{s}\,u=1}$

in Ω,

u
=
0

${u=0}$

in

ℝ
N

∖
Ω

${\mathbb{R}^{N}\setminus\Omega}$

. For this, we derive suitable bounds for the first eigenvalue

λ

1
,
p

s

⁢

(
Ω
)

${\lambda_{1,p}^{s}(\Omega)}$

of the fractional p-Laplacian operator in terms of

ϕ
p
s

${\phi_{p}^{s}}$

. We also show that

ϕ
p
s

${\phi_{p}^{s}}$

minimizes the

(
s
,
p
)

${(s,p)}$

-Gagliardo seminorm in

ℝ
N

${\mathbb{R}^{N}}$

, among the functions normalized by the

L
1

${L^{1}}$

-norm.
Calcium phosphate/microgel composites for 3D powderbed printing of ceramic materials
Authors: Birkholz Mandy-Nicole , Agrawal Garima , Bergmann Christian , Schröder Ricarda , Lechner Sebastian J. , Pich Andrij , Fischer Horst 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Composites of microgels and calcium phosphates are promising as drug delivery systems and basic components for bone substitute implants. In this study, we synthesized novel composite materials consisting of pure β-tricalcium phosphate and stimuli-responsive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate-co-vinylimidazole) microgels. The chemical composition, thermal properties and morphology for obtained composites were extensively characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, IGAsorp moisture sorption analyzer, thermogravimetric analysis, granulometric analysis, ESEM, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and TEM. Mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated by ball-on-three-balls test to determine the biaxial strength. Furthermore, initial 3D powderbed-based printing tests were conducted with spray-dried composites and diluted 2-propanol as a binder to evaluate a new binding concept for β-tricalcium phosphate-based granulates. The printed ceramic bodies were characterized before and after a sintering step by ESEM. The hypothesis that the microgels act as polymer adhesive agents by efficient chemical interactions with the β-tricalcium phosphate particles was confirmed. The obtained composites can be used for the development of new scaffolds.
Topological complexity of planar polygon spaces with small genetic code
Authors: Davis Donald M. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We determine lower bounds for the topological complexity of many planar polygon spaces mod isometry. With very few exceptions, the upper and lower bounds given by dimension and cohomology considerations differ by 1. This is true for 130 of the 134 generic 7-gon spaces. Our results apply to spaces of n-gons for all n, but primarily for those whose genetic codes, in the sense of Hausmann and Rodriguez, are moderately small.
Anaphylaxis in laboratory workers because of rodent handling: two case reports
Authors: Kampitak Thatchai , Betschel Stephen D 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionOccupational allergy to rodents among laboratory animal workers is common. Most patients generally experience allergic symptoms after the first few years of work. Associated symptoms are usually mild, such as rhinoconjunctivits, urticaria, and asthma. Anaphylaxis, although rare, could be severe and life threatening.MethodsWe have described in this study two cases of laboratory workers that developed skin and respiratory reactions following laboratory rat and mouse bites, consistent with anaphylaxis.ResultsSkin testing was found positive for rat epithelium in the patient with anaphylaxis due to rat bite. Elevated levels of specific IgE antibodies against rat and mouse epitheliums were also detected in both the patients.ConclusionThese cases illustrate a severe hypersensitivity reaction that could potentially occur in occupational workers that are in close contact with rodents. Reduction of allergen exposure, regular screening, and job modification could be beneficial for affected individuals. Health care workers should be made aware that anaphylaxis could be a serious consequence of laboratory animal bites, particularly in those already sensitized.
A Phase II Trial of a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Panobinostat in Patients With Low-Grade Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Jin Ning , Lubner Sam J. , Mulkerin Daniel L. , Rajguru Saurabh , Carmichael Lakeesha , Chen Herb , Holen Kyle D. , LoConte Noelle K. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Lessons Learned
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors versus carcinoid tumors should be examined separately in clinical trials. Progression-free survival is more clinically relevant as the primary endpoint (rather than response rate) in phase II trials for low-grade neuroendocrine tumors.

Background.
The most common subtypes of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are pancreatic islet cell tumors and carcinoids, which represent only 2% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have already been shown to suppress tumor growth and induce apoptosis in various malignancies. In NET cells, HDAC inhibitors have resulted in increased Notch1 expression and subsequent inhibition of growth. We present here a phase II study of the novel HDAC inhibitor panobinostat in patients with low-grade NET.

Methods.
Adult patients with histologically confirmed, metastatic, low-grade NETs and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of ≤2 were treated with oral panobinostat 20 mg once daily three times per week. Treatment was continued until patients experienced unacceptable toxicities or disease progression. The study was stopped at planned interim analysis based on a Simon two-stage design.

Results.
Fifteen patients were accrued, and 13 were evaluable for response. No responses were seen, but the stable disease rate was 100%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 9.9 months, and the median overall survival was 47.3 months. Fatigue (27%), thrombocytopenia (20%), diarrhea (13%), and nausea (13%) were the most common related grade 3 toxicities. There was one grade 4 thrombocytopenia (7%). These results did not meet the prespecified criteria to open the study to full accrual.

Conclusion.
The HDAC inhibitor panobinostat has a high stable disease rate and reasonable PFS in low-grade NET, but has a low response rate.
Tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies: our experience at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Suligavi Shashidhar S. , Patil Mallikarjun N. , Doddamani S. S. , Hiremath Chandrashekarayya S. , Fathima Afshan 
Published: June 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background:</span></strong>Tracheo- bronchial foreign bodies have always posed a challenge to the ENT surgeon as they present with varied symptomatology ranging from a simple cough and fever to more grave respiratory distress. It requires a strong suspicion, early diagnosis and timely intervention to reduce the overall morbidity and mortality .This study was undertaken to highlight our experiences in handling cases of tracheo- bronchial foreign bodies (FB) at our setup.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods:</span></strong>It is a retrospective case series study conducted in S. Nijalingappa Medical College between January 2011 and January 2015. </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results:</span></strong>Most commonly affected were children between 1year to 3years of age. Chronic cough and wheeze were the commonest presenting symptoms. Vegetative foreign body was found to be the commonest variety of foreign body. The mortality rate in our study was 4.7% (n=3).</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions:</span></strong>A good clinical acumen, team work, early diagnosis and timely intervention are all needed to reduce the overall mortality and morbidity associated with tracheo- bronchial foreign bodies.</p>
ON (∈,∈∨q)-FuzzyPrime Bi-Ideals of Near Ring
Authors: Kanta Barthakur Gopi , Basak Shibu 
Published: June 2016

<p>In this paper using the idea of quasi coincidence of a fuzzy point with a fuzzy set, we introduce the notion of <span>(∈</span><span>,∈∨</span><span>q</span><span>)-</span><span>fuzzy</span> prime bi-ideals and semiprime bi-ideals. Also we investigate some related properties of these fuzzy substructures.</p>
IMPLIKASI SHARIAH GOVERNANCE TERHADAP REPUTASI DAN KEPERCAYAAN BANK SYARIAH
Authors: Wardayati Siti Maria 
Published: June 2016

<p class="IIABSBARU1">The object of this study is Bank MuamalatÂ IndonesiaÂ in Central Java, while the number of samples used was 200 respondents using purposive sampling techniques. The techniques of analysis used descriptive analysis and SEM analysis with the help of AMOS. The results of computational data show that the implementation of sharia government that consists of 6 (six) indicators, namely: transparency, accountability, responsibility,Â indedendency, justice and shariah complianceÂ has shown good results. Shariah compliance is an indicator of the dominant Islamic government, while responsibility and justice is an indicator of weak governance in explaining sharia. ImpleÂ­mentation of shariah governanceÂ significant effect on the reputationÂ and customerÂ confidence in Islamic banks.</p><p class="IKa-ABSTRAK">***</p>Obyek dari kajian ini adalah Bank MuamalatÂ IndonesiaÂ di Jawa Tengah dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 200 responden dan dengan mengunakan teknik <em>purposive sampling</em>. Teknik analisisÂ yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dan SEM dengan bantuan AMOS. Hasil penghitungan data menunjukkan bahwa impleÂ­mentasi <em>shariah governance</em>Â meliputi enam indikator yaitu transparansi, akunÂ­tabilitas, pertanggungjawaban, independensi, keadilan, dan <em>shariah compliance</em><em>Â </em>telah menunjukkan hasil baik. <em>Shariah compliance</em> merupakan indikator <em>islamic govenrment</em> yang dominan, sementara pertanggung jawaban dan keadilan merupakan indikator lemah untuk menjelaskan <em>shariah governance</em>. ImpleÂ­mentasi <em>shariah governance</em> memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan pada reputasiÂ dan kepercayaanÂ pelanggan terhadap perbankan syariah.