bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-order harmonic generation from two-dimensional materials subjected to intense laser fields
Authors: Koushki Azizmorad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Based on the real-time time-dependent density functional theory, we theoretically investigate the influence of bandgap on the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from monolayer hexagonal two-dimensional (2D) solids: Gallium Phosphide (GaP), Graphene, Borophene (graphene-like), and Boron nitride (h-BN) under a few-cycle linearly- and/or single circularly-polarized laser pulse. Our results show that interband currents are prominently larger in the zigzag (ZZ) direction in comparison with the armchair (AC) direction, when the laser field is polarized along the ZZ-direction. Accordingly, the high-order harmonics can be produced more efficiently along the ZZ-direction than that of the AC-direction. We exhibit that single-layer 2D materials can generate bulk-like high-order harmonics when they are driven by an in-plane polarized laser field, and atomic-like harmonics when driven by an out-of-plane polarized laser field. Our findings indicate that due to the difference in the effective mass of carriers along AC- and ZZ-directions, the high-order harmonics spectra are different in both directions. In addition, the results illustrate that the dependence of HHG intensity changes according to the polarization of the laser electric field. The bandgap significantly affects the HHG, most importantly through ultrafast modification of the interband polarization of the system. Finally, based on the present study, borophene and GaP have outstanding potential for future utilization in extreme-ultraviolet, efficient table-top HHG sources, and as an ultrafast optical tool to provide possibilities for imaging solid structures.
CFD investigations of a shape-memory polymer foam-based endovascular embolization device for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Cabaniss Tanner , Bodlak Ryan , Liu Yingtao , Colby Geoffrey , Lee Hyowon , Bohnstedt Bradley , Garziera Rinaldo , Holzapfel Gerhard , Lee Chung-Hao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The hemodynamic and convective heat transfer effects of a patient-specific endovascular therapeutic agent based on shape memory polymer foam (SMPf) are evaluated using computational fluid dynamics studies for six patient-specific aneurysm geometries. The SMPf device is modeled as a continuous porous medium with full expansion for the flow studies and with various degrees of expansion for the heat transfer studies. The flow simulation parameters were qualitatively validated based on the existing literature. Further, a mesh independence study was conducted to verify an optimal cell size and reduce the computational costs. For convective heat transfer, a worst-case scenario is evaluated where the minimum volumetric flow rate is applied alongside the zero-flux boundary conditions. In the flow simulations, we found a reduction of the average intra-aneurysmal flow of > 85% and a reduction of the maximum intra-aneurysmal flow of > 45% for all presented geometries. These findings were compared with the literature on numerical simulations of hemodynamic and heat transfer of SMPf devices. The results obtained from this study can serve as a guide for optimizing the design and development of patient-specific SMPf devices aimed at personalized endovascular embolization of intracranial aneurysms.
Associations between sleep disturbance, inflammatory markers, and high blood pressure: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2018
Authors: lin dajun , sun lisha , yuan jun , yang yunjiao , zhou qian , pan junhua , chen qiu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective Sleep disturbance leads to an active inflammatory response in the body, and the development of hypertension is also associated with inflammation; is there a definite association between the three?Methods We examined the pairwise relationships between SII (Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index), sleep disorders, and hypertension in an ethnically diverse sample (n = 22573) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).On successfully verifying its two-by-two pair correlation, Exploring the direct intensity of sleep disorders leading to hypertension, Strength of SII as a Mediating Effect of Sleep Disorders, and Hypertension.Results The study comprised 48.69% males and 51.31% females, with an average age of 48.01(18.51) years and an average BMI of 28.88 kg/m².Hypertension prevalence was 33.75% (n = 3,710) among males and 35.09% (n = 4,064) among females. Sleep disturbance affected 22.06% (n = 2,425) of males and 29.17% (n = 3,378) of females. Participants were categorized by hypertension and sleep disturbance status. Most did not use sleep medications, but higher usage was seen in those with both conditions. Smoking and alcohol consumption rates were notably higher among individuals with hypertension and sleep disturbance. Educational attainment was slightly lower among those with hypertension. Mexican Americans showed the lowest comorbidity of these conditions compared to non-Hispanic whites and Other Hispanics. In the correlation analysis, sleep disturbance was associated with an 81% increased risk of hypertension (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.69–1.95, P = 0.001). Sleep disturbance was positively correlated with an increase in the Systemic Inflammation Index (SII) (β: 16.34, 95% CI: 4.62–28.06, p = 0.006). SII was associated with hypertension (OR: 1.0002, 95% CI: 1.0001–1.0003, P = 0.001). SII mediated 0.23% (95% CI: 0.13%-0.37%, P = 0.001) of the effect between sleep disturbance and hypertension.
Volumetric changes of porcine collagen matrix and free gingival grafts for soft-tissue grafting to increase the width of keratinized tissue around dental implants: A retrospective clinical study
Authors: Ramanauskaite Ausra , Müller Katharina Melissa , Schliephake Carla , Obreja Karina , Begic Amira , Dahmer Iulia , Parvini Puria , Schwarz Frank 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim
The present study aimed at comparing three-dimensional changes of a porcine derived collagen matrix (CM) and free gingival grafts (FGG) for increasing keratinized tissue (KT) at dental implants over a 24-month follow-up period.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study enrolled 25 patients exhibiting 41 implants with deficient KT width (i.e., < 2mm) at the vestibular aspect who underwent soft tissue augmentation using either CM (11 patients/15 implants) or FGG (14 patients/26 implants). The primary outcome was defined as tissue thickness change (mm) at treated implant sites between 1- (S0), 12- (S1), and 24-months (S2). Secondary outcome was the changes of KT width over a 24-month follow-up period.
Results
Dimensional analyses from S0 to S1 and from S0 to S2 revealed a mean decrease in tissue thickness of -0.05 ± 0.35 mm and − 0.31 ± 0.41 mm in the CM group, and − 0.23 ± 0.38 mm and − 0.22 ± 0.81 mm in the FGG group, with no significant differences found between the groups (patient-level analysis; S0-S1: p = 0.14, S0-S2: p = 0.58, Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney U test). Within S1 and S2, the CM and FGG groups displayed comparable tissue thickness reduction (patient-level analysis; CM: -0.32 ± 0.53 mm, FGG: -0.02 ± 0.21 mm; p = 0.07). The FGG group exhibited a significantly greater KT gain after 12- and 24-months compared to the CM group (patient-level analysis: 12-months CM: 1.52 ± 1.23 mm, FGG: 4.22 ± 1.78 mm; p < 0.001; 24-months CM: 1.50 ± 1.14 mm, FGG: 4.04 ± 1.65 mm; p < 0.001, Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney U test).
Conclusions
CM and FGG were associated with comparable three-dimensional thickness changes over a period of 24 months. A significantly wider KT band could be established in the FGG group.
Cognitive Absorption Independent Cortical Activities and Connectivities Associated with Real-World Reading
Authors: Boasen Jared , Giroux Felix , Duchesneau Marie-Odile , Roy Xavier , Sénécal Sylvain , Léger Pierre-Majorique 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Characterizing brain activities underlying text reading in an ecologically valid context and identifying whether aspects of these activities are independent of one’s state of cognitive absorption (CA) are important yet unexplored lines of research in cognitive neuroscience. This study investigated the oculometric behavior and electroencephalographic (EEG) activities associated with text reading in 25 human subjects while they viewed a live theatrical stage performance, and further assessed relationships with self-perceived CA. Behaviorally, subjects anticipated the appearance of text, and regarded it in a manner that was independent of CA. Neurophysiologically, text presence/absence was differentiated primarily by EEG theta activities and beta connectivities in or between visuospatial processing areas. Importantly, text presence-associated increases in theta activity in the frontal eye field and beta connectivity between the precuneus and the primary visual cortex were independent of CA, suggesting underlying roles in the automaticity of text reading behaviors.
Down-regulation of EAAT-2 impairs chronic neuropathic pain via increasing of plasma glutamate after herpes zoster infection
Authors: Lu Li-Na , Mei LI-Hong , Li Xu-Shuo , Zhang Ji-Hong , Yang Gao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) is a debilitating complication of herpes zoster (HZ) with significant impact on quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the association between excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT-2) expression and plasma glutamate concentrations with CNP in HZ patients. This study was conducted with patients diagnosed with HZ. Participants were divided into two groups: CNP (n=51) and acute pain (ACP, n=51). Pain severity was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale. Blood samples were collected for genotype analysis, RNA and protein extraction, and plasma glutamate measurement. EAAT-2 DNA genotyping was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); EAAT-2 mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR; EAAT-2 protein and glutamate levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The EAAT-2 DNA showed no significant difference in CNP and ACP patients. CNP patients exhibited lower EAAT-2 mRNA and protein levels compared to ACP patients. Plasma glutamate levels were significantly elevated in the CNP group. A positive correlation was observed between protein expression and plasma glutamate levels in the CNP group. Decreased EAAT-2 mRNA and protein expression and elevated plasma glutamate levels played a significant role in the development and maintenance of CNP. These findings offer valuable insights into the pathophysiology of CNP after HZ infection and highlight the potential of targeting EAAT-2 for developing novel therapeutic strategies for pain management.
Geomagnetic observatories can determine the directions to earthquake epicenters
Authors: Mendakulov Zhassulan , Vassilyev Ivan , Saveliev Vladimir , Zhumabayev Beibit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Analysis of the Earth's magnetic field components fluctuations, recorded at the magnetic observatory of the Institute of Ionosphere (Almaty, Kazakhstan) during the earthquakes of 22.01.2004 and 04.03.2024 showed that these fluctuations were not associated with acoustic-gravitational waves. Cause of the variations turned out to be mechanical vibrations of the foundation of magnetic observatory’s pavilion. Mathematical apparatus was proposed and equations were derived linking the variations of the magnetic field components with the angles of inclination of the magnetic field sensors and the bearing to the epicenter of the earthquake. Calculations of azimuths of earthquake epicenters were performed based on data from a network of seismic stations, and on measured variations of the magnetic field components of the Almaty magnetic observatory. The results obtained showed a good match, which makes it possible to use data from magnetic observatories with per-second registration of magnetic field components to observe seismic events.
Deciphering the role of cuproptosis in the development of intimal hyperplasia in rat carotid arteries using single-cell analysis and machine-learning techniques
Authors: He Miao , Chen Hui , Liu Zhengli , Zhao Boxiang , He Xu , Mao Qiujin , Gu Jianping , Kong Jie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to explore the regulatory role of cuproptosis in carotid intimal hyperplasia (IH), providing new insights into its pathophysiological mechanisms and potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Methods: We downloaded single-cell sequencing and bulk transcriptome data from the GEO database to screen for copper-growth-associated genes (CAGs) using machine-learning algorithms, including Random Forest and Support Vector Machine. After identifying relevant genes, we verified CAGs expression in IH and control groups using a rat model of carotid balloon strain. We analyzed the immune infiltration characteristics of carotid intimal hyperplasia and used electron microscopy to observe mitochondrial structural changes in cuproptosis. Additionally, we performed subgroup analyses of carotid balloon strains. The cuproptosis activity of VSMCs was explored in a single-cell dataset. Immunohistochemistry was applied to validate the expression of CAGs. Results: By means of machine learning algorithms, we identified several genes, including Pdhx and Fdx1, as novel therapeutic targets for carotid intimal hyperplasia. Meanwhile, immunohistochemistry results observed decreased expression of Pdhx and Fdx1 in the Neointimal hyperplasia(Neo) group. Immunohistochemical results showed a difference in cellular infiltration between Dendritic cells resting and Mast cells resting. By calculating cuproptosis activity in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), we found increased cuproptosis activity in normal vascular smooth muscle cells which was also observed in the electron microscopy. Microscopy revealed less mitochondrial swelling characteristic of cuproptosis in Neo group. Conclusion: The CAGs identified may regulate intimal hyperplasia in rat carotid arteries by modulating cuproptosis and represent potential targets for treatment.
Exploring the microbiomes of camel ticks to infer vector competence: Insights from tissue level symbiont-pathogen relationships
Authors: Khogali Rua , Bastos Armanda , Getange Dennis , Bargul Joel L. , Kalayou Shewit , Ongeso Nehemiah , Verhoeven Joost Theo Petra , Kabii James , Ngiela John , Masiga Daniel , Villinger Jandouwe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasites that harbor diverse pathogens and endosymbionts. Their microbial communities vary based on tick species, stage, sex, geographical location, surrounding environment, and tissue type. Understanding tick microbiota at the tissue level is crucial for unraveling how microbiomes are distributed in tick tissues and influence pathogen transmission. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze tissue-specific bacterial compositions (hemolymph, saliva, salivary glands, and midgut) of Amblyomma gemma, Rhipicephalus pulchellus, Hyalomma dromedarii, and Hyalomma rufipes ticks collected from camels in Marsabit County, northern Kenya.
Results
The V1-V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene effectively differentiated Rickettsia africae and Rickettsia aeschlimannii from other rickettsial species, as well as Coxiella endosymbionts from Coxiella burnetii. In contrast, the V3-V4 region sequences of these species could not be clearly distinguished. Coxiella endosymbionts were most common in Am. gemma and Rh. pulchellus, while Francisella endosymbionts predominated in Hyalomma ticks; both were primarily localized in the salivary glands. High abundances of Coxiella endosymbionts, as well as Pseudomonas, were associated with the absence or low abundance of Rickettsia pathogens in both Am. gemma and Rh. pulchellus, suggesting competitive interactions between these microbes. Additionally, Proteus mirabilis, an opportunistic pathogen of the urinary tract in humans, was found predominantly in Hyalomma ticks, except for the salivary glands, which were most abundant with Francisella endosymbionts. Furthermore, we detected the Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Corynebacterium genera in all the tick tissues, supporting the hypothesis that these bacteria might circulate between camel blood and ticks. Saliva and hemolymph generally harbored more extracellular bacteria than the salivary glands and midgut.
Conclusions
This study provides a new approach to unravel tick-endosymbiont-pathogen interactions by examining the tissue localization of tick-borne pathogens and symbionts in Am. gemma, Rh. pulchellus, Hy. dromedarii, and Hy. rufipes from camels in northern Kenya. Our findings establish a baseline for developing an understanding of the functional capacities of symbionts and for designing symbiont-based control strategies.
Networking strategy of small hydropower micro network under weak communication conditions
Authors: Zhang Zifan , LIANG Zhanhong , TANG Yuan , CHEN Zhifeng , SHEN NA , WU Danlan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

A microgrid with small hydropower as the main power source can absorb or transmit power to the main grid during grid-connected operation. When the microgrid is operating off-grid due to sudden reasons such as line faults, it is necessary to remove power sources or loads to maintain the frequency stability of the microgrid. Due to the difficulty of achieving high-quality communication in mountainous areas where small hydropower is concentrated, a common solution is to use high-frequency generation tripping or low-frequency load shedding without communication. This traditional solution has a poor control effect on the frequency of isolated microgrids. In response to this research situation, this article proposes a strategy of "centralized decision-making by the master station + local control by the substation" to determine the power sources and loads that need to be removed to achieve frequency stability during sudden off-grid operations of small hydropower microgrids under weak communication conditions. This article first theoretically analyzes the frequency change mechanism after the islanding of small hydropower microgrids, and proposes a strategy of "centralized decision-making by the master station + local control by the substation". The master station makes decisions on load shedding and generation tripping based on regional power flow data, and the substation controls locally based on local information combined with instructions from the master station. A mathematical model for decision-making problems is established, and a heuristic algorithm is used to obtain the optimal solution. To verify the effectiveness of the strategy, this article establishes a simulation model of small hydropower microgrids based on an electromagnetic transient simulation platform and compares traditional strategies with those proposed in this article. The results show that the proposed load-shedding scheme can achieve fast and accurate removal of remaining unit capacity and maintain frequency stability during sudden off-grid operations of small hydropower microgrids.
Applying Machine Learning Techniques to Predict Optimal Capacitor Locations in Distribution Power Grids
Authors: Moussa Sahar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This research aims at investigating how Machine Learning (ML) can help decision makers in solving the problem of optimal capacitor allocation for transmission loss minimization in power systems. ML is a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI) which can predict and draw inference from recognized patterns in data. The data used in this study, to train the ML models, inherent the structure of power grids. Four regressive predictive models are used and compared. The suggested investigation assesses the prediction performance compared to the actual values through comparing each predicted busbar rank to its actual rank. Busbar rank is defined based on the power loss reduction achieved by capacitor connection to this busbar. The busbar giving maximum loss reduction is ranked as 1. By ranking the busbars, the control system of the grid can select the most appropriate group of buses whose capacitors should be switched on for a certain loading condition. The results show that ML models can reach a ranking accuracy that exceeds 80%. Hence, it is shown through this research that ML techniques can help in reducing the search space of the optimal capacitor allocation problem.
A comparison of genomically enhanced breeding values predicted by different single-step approaches
Authors: Słomian Dawid , Szyda Joanna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Many countries are currently adopting the single-step model for national genetic evaluations of dairy cattle. The two most widely applied statistical formulations of the single-step model are Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (G-BLUP) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism BLUP (SNP-BLUP), with the main difference being the handling of additive genetic covariance between individuals with genotypes. Using solvers available in the MiXBLUP software, our study aimed to compare both models regarding the quality of Genomically Enhanced Breeding Value (GEBV) prediction, bull rankings, and computational efficiency (memory consumption and computational time). The results demonstrated no marked differences in the quality of GEBV prediction expressed by the metrics underlying the Interbull validation, except for the G-BLUP, APY-based solvers with 3,000 core bulls. However, the ranking of the top 50 bulls differed between models, which has implications for the breeding industry and selection, since the top-ranking bulls are typically the most widely used. 39 and 31 of the top 50 bulls were common to all models for stature and foot angle, respectively. In terms of computational time, SNP-BLUP and G-BLUP with APY solver using 3,000 bulls were the fastest, the GT G-BLUP solver was the slowest. The selection of core individuals for the APY solver was a crucial element that affected the prediction accuracy. Still, the use of the GT G-BLUP or the SNP-BLUP solver can circumvent this issue since no selection of core individuals is required.