bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide Transistors with Scaling Dielectric Equivalent Oxide Thickness
Authors: Hu Chengwei , Xiong Xiong , Wu Yanqing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) demonstrates potential in transistor ultimate scaling, providing a new paradigm for developing next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. To enhance device performance, it is necessary to reduce the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of the device gate dielectric. In this work, we have successfully reduced the equivalent oxide thickness of the device to 2.3 nm (corresponding to hafnium oxide with a physical thickness of 7 nm), achieving improved device performance, including lowered threshold voltage, enhanced transconductance, and reduced subthreshold swing to 82 mV/dec, demonstrating the superiority of reduced EOT in enhancing device performance.
Orthogonal Waveform Design for MIMO Radar Using Deep Learning
Authors: Zheng Zixiang , Yang Ran , Zhang Yue 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the design of orthogonal waveforms for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. We combine the peak sidelobe level (PSL) with the omnidirectional beampattern matching as the optimization objective. To address this challenging non-linear and non-convex problem, we propose an unsupervised optimization network based on residual network and attention mechanism. This approach harnesses the potent nonlinear fitting capabilities of neural networks to address the complex optimization problem. Simulation results indicate that the waveforms designed by the algorithm proposed in this paper exhibit better orthogonality than those designed by the traditional algorithm.
Fast Classification of Error Correcting Codes based on Syndrome a Posteriori Probability Spectrum for Intelligent Communication
Authors: Zhang Yimeng , Zuo Zhen , Li Sida , Jin Wenhao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Classification of channel codes has drawn widespread concern for a long time. In this letter, we propose a posteriori probability based approach to classify cyclic redundancy check codes and convolutional codes. We defined the posteriori probability spectrum to clarify the parity-check relationship between the intercepted codewords and the candidate parity-check vector generated by traversing. We theoretically explained that the posteriori probability spectrum of cyclic redundancy check codes and convolutional codes show clear distinctions. We further specify the feature parameter generated from the posteriori probability spectrum to do classification. Simulation results show that the posteriori probability spectrum for cyclic redundancy check codes and convolutional codes are significantly different. The proposed approach outperforms traditional Gauss-Jordan elimination through pivoting approach in classification accuracy.
Machine Learning-Based Randomness Analysis For a Auantum Random Number Generator
Authors: Du Wanlin , Wang Ling , Zhu Yuanzhe , Lv Hong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Random numbers are critical to information security. Quantum random numbers are theoretically truly random and unpredictable. However, the measurement process of a quantum random number generator (QRNG) can be affected by environmental disturbances that compromise the integrity of the generated random numbers. A machine learning model is proposed to assess the stochasticity of the continuous variable QRNG under the influence of vacuum noise. The model is designed to detect the correlation between the randomness of the QRNG being corrupted under the influence of classical noise (electrical noise). In addition, our model detects a decrease in the randomness of the QRNG random numbers when the electrical noise intensity increases to a certain correlation. The results show that machine learning (ML) can be used as a measure of the quality of QRNG.
The health, climate, and equity benefits of freight truck electrification in the United States
Authors: Hennessy Eleanor M , Scown Corinne D , Azevedo Inês M L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Long-haul freight shipment in the United States relies on diesel trucks and constitutes ∼3% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions and a significant share of local air pollution. Here, we compare the climate and air pollution-related health damages from electric versus diesel long-haul truck fleets. We use truck commodity flows to estimate tailpipe emissions from diesel trucks and regional grid emissions intensities to estimate charging emissions from electric trucks under various grid scenarios. We use a reduced complexity air quality model combined with valuation of air pollution-related premature deaths (using two hazard ratios (HRs)) and quantify the distributional health impacts in different scenarios. We find that annual health and climate costs of the current diesel fleet are $195–$249/capita compared to $174–$205/capita for a new diesel fleet, and $156–$177/capita for an electric fleet, depending on the HR. We find that freight electrification could avoid $6.2–8.5 billion in health and climate damages annually when compared to a fleet of new diesel vehicles (with even higher benefits when compared to the current diesel fleet). However, the Midwest and parts of the Gulf Coast would experience an increase in health damages due to vehicles charging using electricity from coal power plants. If old coal power plants (operating in 1980 or earlier) are replaced with zero-emission generation, electrification of all U.S. freight would result in $32.3–39.2 billion in avoided damages annually and health benefits throughout the U.S. Electrifying transport of consumer manufacturing goods (including electronics, transport equipment, and precision instruments) and food, beverage, and tobacco products would provide the largest absolute health and climate benefits, whereas mixed freight and manufacturing goods would result in the largest benefits per tonne-km. We find small variations in health damages across race and income. These results will help policymakers prioritize electrification and charging investment strategies for the freight transportation sub-sector.
Statistical seasonal prediction of Arctic sea ice concentration based on spatiotemporal anomaly persistent method
Authors: Lee Gyu-Ri , Woo Sung-Ho , Baek Eun-Hyuk , Kim Joo-Hong , Kim Baek-Min , Jeong Jee-Hoon 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Accurate prediction of Arctic sea ice is crucial for high-latitude and even mid-latitude climate prediction. It significantly affects atmospheric circulation, the environment, ecology, and maritime transport. This study developed a statistical prediction model to predict monthly Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) for up to one year based on the season-reliant empirical orthogonal functions (SEOFs) technique. Its prediction skill was compared with that of a dynamical prediction model. The spatiotemporal pattern of sea ice anomalies, which exhibit strong seasonality and are maintained for a significant period above the seasonal time scale by atmosphere-ocean interactions, was extracted using SEOFs. A prediction model was constructed by extrapolating from the recent anomalous state of sea ice to predict the future. Experimental retrospective predictions with monthly time resolution for 1982–2021 were performed to validate the prediction skill of Arctic SIC and areal extent. Statistically significant prediction skills were achieved over several months, even up to six months, exceeding the skill of the dynamical model.
Phylogenetic, growth performance and protein growth hormone of snakehead fish (Channa striata) from wild stock in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Muslimin B , Rustadi  , Retnoaji Bambang , Hardaningsih  , Helmizuryani  , Khotimah Khusnul , Sari Meika Puspita , Rosmiah  , Prasetyo A P , Yonarta D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Watershed isolation may influence morphological, genetic variations, and protein expression of snakehead fish (Channa striata). This research seeks to identify snakehead diversity from isolated Inland waters in Sumatra, i.e., Kampar River (SK), Merang River (SM), Cala Lake (DC), and Lampam Floodplain (RL). Channa striata samples were collected from inland waters and cultivated in Aquaculture laboratory. Cytochrome b gene was used for genetic characterization. Growth protein was analyzed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). We collected DNA from four samples at each site. The growth performance of cultivated snakehead fish was also observed. Five hundred post-juvenile snakehead fish from four populations were cultivated for 45-days with five repetitions. Each population had 12 snakehead fish tested for GH protein. Data were statistically tested using ANOVA, maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree analysis, linear regression, and Pearson correlation. The results showed four clusters of snakehead fish in the phylogenetic tree. The DC population had the highest significant value of the daily length growth rate (7.5±0.2 %). The GH protein-growth relationship was low (0.014-0.083). The SM snakehead fish population had the highest concentration of GH protein (1.77±0.11 pg μl−1) and had distinct cyt.b gene clusters from other populations, making it a potential candidate for future aquaculture strain development.
Analysis of Phylogenetics and Structural Relationships of the Cytochrome b Gene Protein in Mahseer Fish (Tor sp.)
Authors: Rochmatika E , Mubarak A S , Tartila S Q , Mufasirin  , Haser T F 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Cytochrome b gene from mitochondrial DNA encodes a protein that can be used as a genetic marker to identify species. This study aims to determine the bioinformatic characteristics of the gene encoding Cyt b isolated from various Mahseer species, Tor tambroides, Tor douronensis, Tor khudree, and Tor putitora. Mahseer Cyt b sequences can be used for detailed computational investigation of the properties of 3D protein models and phylogenetics. The data analysis technique uses nucleotides with a sequence length of 330 bp obtained from NCBI. The MEGA X program was used for phylogenetic analysis. 3D protein structure predictions were obtained through the Swiss model and protein homology program using PYMOL software. The results of phylogenetics show close kinship relationships with the closest genetic distance of 0.000, while the farthest distance is 0.068. The nucleotide composition contains Thymine (30.23%), Cytosine (25.81%), Arginine (28.05%), and Guanine (15.92%). 3D modeling of the Cyt b protein Mahseer referring to the species Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (McClelland, 1839). The 3D protein structure prediction was assessed via a Ramachandran plot of 99.07%. This study can be used as a reference to support sustainable conservation efforts by observing the populations and habitat conditions.
Histopathological Changes in The Gills of Cyprinus Carpio Infested With Ectoparasites
Authors: Wulandari R D , Amalia S R , Sari P D W , Subekti S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study aims to determine the histopathological changes in koi fish gills based on the degree of ectoparasitic infestation. The study found several categories of ectoparasite infestation, namely normal, mild, moderate, heavy and very heavy. In the gills with mild category, there were histopathological changes in hyperplasia, in the gills with moderate infestation category, hyperplasia and fusion occurred, in the heavy category infestation there were hyperplasia and telangiectasia, and in the category of very heavy infestation, there were hyperplasia. fusion, telangiectasia and vacuoles. The histopathological scoring value on the gills with the categories of mild, moderate, severe infestation degrees is the mild category, while the gills with the category of very heavy infestation degrees is the heavy category. Correlation test of the degree of infestation and scoring of histopathological changes obtained a ρ value of 0.832. It can be concluded that the increase of ectoparasite infestetation will be followed by the increase of tissue damage level.
Identification of halotolerant Lysinibacillus sphaericus isolated from Indonesian traditional dry-salted fish
Authors: Firmansyah M I , Ulum M , Apriliyanto M B , Islam N H , Andriyono S , Pramono H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Halotolerant protease-producing bacteria are a potential source of culture starter for the fermentation of fishery products. To find potential culture starter that can be used for fish fermentation, isolation of indigenous halotolerant bacteria is a particularly important step. This study was carried out for the isolation and identification of proteolytic bacteria isolated from traditional dried fish in Indonesia. A total of 32 isolates were obtained from three types of dried salted fish (ikan kotok, ikan belanak, and ikan kepala batu). Out of 30 isolates, six showed casein hydrolysis on skim milk agar (SMA), however, only four isolates showed proteolytic activity on saline SMA (10% w/v NaCl) namely isolates UA10, UA11, UA12, and UA13. All strains were identified as Lysinibacillus sphaericus based on morphological and biochemical tests. Before it can be used for fermentation or other purposes, further characterization of Lysinibacillus sphaericus isolated from traditional Indonesian dried salted fish is required.
Evaluation of NPK, Nitrogen (N)-Phosphorus (P)-Potassium (K), fertilizer to escalate Tetraselmis sp. production
Authors: Hudaidah S , Elisdiana Y , Fadillah M A A , Syaifurrisal A , Santanumurti M B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Culture of Tetraselmis sp. requires Conway medium fertilizer with a complete and appropriate composition to support its growth. However, Conway fertilizer is quite expensive to be afford by farmer. One alternative fertilizer that can be used is commercial NPK fertilizer which is relatively cheap and easy to be obtained. NPK fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium which are useful for the growth of plankton, including Tetraselmis sp. This research aimed to evaluate the production performance of Tetraselmis sp. using NPK fertilizer at semi-scale mass level. This study used a completely randomized design with three replications and three experiments (A = Conway as control, B = commercial NPK fertilizer with a ratio of N 16%, P 16%, K 16%, and C = commercial NPK fertilizer with an N content ratio of 6 %, P 20%, K 30%). The parameters of this study were population density, cell size, and nutritional content of Tetraselmis sp. The results showed that the peak population density and cell diameter did not differ in each treatment, although treatment C had the highest density (3.63±1.22 × 106 cells/ml). Protein content had values that were not significantly different (21.93–23.16%). The highest fat value was owned by treatment (6.8%). The research results showed that the use of NPK fertilizer in semi-scale mass cultures of Tetraselmis sp produced density, cell size and nutritional protein content that were not significantly different from Conway fertilizer. It is indicated that NPK fertilizer could be used as media of Tetraselmis sp. due to its cheap price and same performance.
Administration of Caulerpa extract against total bacteria and Vibrio in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph of shrimp after Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection
Authors: Satyantini W H , Anugrah I I , Salahuddin A S M R , Taufiq Mukti A , Mahasri G 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Improper cultivation of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) can cause Vibriosis attacks caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Prevention efforts include increasing the body’s defense system in shrimp by administering immunostimulants. This study aims to determine the effect of adding Caulerpa racemosa extract on reducing total bacteria and total Vibrio in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph of white shrimp after being infected with V. parahaemolyticus. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data analysis used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and calculations continued with the Duncan Test (DMRT). The results of the study showed that administration of C. racemosa extract had an effect on reducing total bacteria and total Vibrio in the hepatopancreas with the best results reducing total bacteria at P3 16.60×106 CFU/mL and reducing total Vibrio at P3 12.20×106 CFU/mL. Apart from that, administration of C. racemosa extract also had an effect on hemolymph with the best results of reducing total bacteria at P3 12.37 × 106 CFU/mL and reducing total Vibrio at P3 10.03 × 106 CFU/mL. The conclusion of this research is that the addition of C. racemosa extract has an effect on reducing total bacteria and reducing total Vibrio in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph of white shrimp.
Optimization of the intake system for the Setra NS 913 bus
Authors: Baneasa C Birtok , Berghian A Budiul , Ardelean M , Bucevschi R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The paper presents the implementation on buses of a dynamic air transfer system (SDTA) brand Air by Corneliu. That system is the subject of a patent entitled Dynamic Air Transfer Device RO 200900028. At the initiative of the Alba Iulia public Transport society, with a fleet of about 100 buses, we started a study on the efficiency of air intake in the internal combustion engine by implementing an SDTA. Since the air filter location on this bus model, Setra NS 913, is behind the rear axle wheels, the filter is exposed to dust, water and other particles thrown by the drive wheels, which leads to premature clogging and blockage of the filtration area, in the context in which the bus runs mainly on asphalt-free roads. The gas-dynamic resistance (filter permissiveness) would increase considerably, resulting in a severe reduction in the degree of filling of the engine cylinders. In order to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned above, respectively to increase the life of the air filter with implications on the performance of the engine, we have designed a dynamic system consisting of the following components: the air collector, located on the top of the bus; the grid housing, located on the suction grid; tubing, connecting element between the air collector and the grid housing. In order to realize the 3D model of SDTA, the specialized software VISI - CAD / CAM was used.
Study of the forces in the pretensioned seat belt and their effects on the human body
Authors: Soica A , Budala A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The paper aims to analyze the potential injuries induced by the seat belt in case of triggering the pretensioning mechanism. Two mannequins, with different geometries, have been installed on the front seat of the vehicle and were subjected to the efforts generated by the pretensioning of the seat belt, in the absence of an impact of the vehicle. The force due to the impact has been analyzed in various bibliographic resources, in the proposed model it can be taken into account. Efforts were measured in the belt strap for adult passenger and adult pregnant female passenger, or adult passenger with high BMI body mass index. The efforts that act on the human body, with emphasis on the abdominal loop, have been determined. It has been found that stress on the abdomen can cause internal damage, even just by simply triggering the pretensioning system, without taking into account the force on the body due to the impact.
Possibilities to evaluate the vehicle pre-collision travel velocity in the case of a frontal impact with a fixed object, through numerical modelling
Authors: Duma I , Burnete N , Todoruț A , Barabás I , Dragoste M D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The present paper evaluates, from a physical-mathematical perspective, the pre-collision travel speed of a vehicle, in the case of a frontal impact with a rigid, fixed pole-type obstacle. The evaluation considers both energy methods and deformation coefficients, taking into account the parameters resulting from the primary investigation of the accident site. The reconstruction of such road accidents aims to determine the kinematic parameters that influence the behavior of the involved vehicle, and to allow the analysis of avoidance possibilities of such events. The developed working algorithm can be applied to solve a large number of road accident cases by changing the input data and to obtain the necessary kinematic and dynamic parameters for the accident reconstruction process. Thus, it is possible to establish the dynamics of such road traffic events, which facilitates the assessment and comparison of different conditions under study. The validation of the fore-mentioned reconstruction algorithm is performed by comparing the results obtained through numerical modelling with those determined experimentally. The relative error between the two is, as well, assessed.
Fully spin-polarized two dimensional polar semi-metallic phase in Eu substituted GdI2 monolayer
Authors: Bhardwaj Srishti , Maitra T 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The coexistence of seemingly mutually exclusive properties such as ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity and metallicity in atomically thin materials is the requirement of the hour in electronics as the Moore’s law faces an impending end. Only a few 2D multiferroic materials have been predicted/realized so far. The polar metals with simultaneous presence of polarity and conductivity are also equally rare. Here, we predict, based on first-principles calculations that an Eu-substituted rare-earth halide GdI2 monolayer showcases ferromagnetism, ferroelasticity while being polar and a fully spin-polarized semi-metal at the same time. The ferroelasticity and polarity are shown to be coupled making it possible to switch the polar direction using external mechanical stress. Further, it is observed that an application of biaxial tensile strain of 5% causes the spin easy-axis to shift from out-of-plane to in-plane direction. Thus, spin easy axis gets coupled with the direction of polarization in the strained monolayer making the switching of magnetization also possible using external strain. Simultaneous coexistence and coupling of the ferroic orders in a metallic 2D material makes the Eu substituted GdI2 monolayer an incredibly rare material for nano-electronics and spintronics applications.
Study on the performance of MoS2/Au composites for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose detection
Authors: Zhang Y , Fang W H , Zhai Y J , Li J H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Glucose concentration is considered an indicator for the diagnosis of diabetes, highlighting the importance of accurate glucose detection. Non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors have been extensively studied for glucose detection applications, with nanocomposites composed of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) demonstrating high catalytic activity. In this study, a nanocomposite material composed of MoS2 and Au NPs (MoS2/Au) was synthesized and employed to construct a non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose biosensor. The detection limit of this sensor was explored, reaching as low as 1 mM. Additionally, compared to MoS2, the MoS2/Au nanocomposite exhibited a higher linear correlation coefficient and sensitivity, with a linear range of 1–25 mM and a sensitivity of 417.556 μA mM−1 cm−2. The sensor demonstrated excellent performance within the range of human blood glucose concentrations, showing potential for real-time monitoring and precise measurement of glucose levels. Furthermore, it exhibited good stability and reproducibility. These findings indicate the potential applications of MoS2/Au in biosensors and immunoassays.