bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of land surface parameters and turbulence characteristics over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding region
Authors: Wang Yinjun , Xu Xiangde , Liu Huizhi , Li Yueqing , Li Yaohui , Hu Zeyong , Gao Xiaoqing , Ma Yaoming , Sun Jihua , Lenschow Donald H. , Zhong Shiyuan , Zhou Mingyu , Bian Xindi , Zhao Ping 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBased on the results from 11 flux sites during the third Tibetan Plateau (TP) Experiment (TIPEX III), land surface parameters and the turbulence characteristics of the atmospheric surface layer over the TP and surrounding region are analyzed. Monin‐Obukhov similarity theory has been used to calculate the aerodynamic roughness length z0m and the excess resistance to heat transfer kB− 1 = ln(z0m/z0h), and the factors that cause variations of z0m and kB− 1 are investigated. The main drivers for the diurnal variations of surface albedo (α) at different sites are solar elevation, solar radiation, and soil moisture. The eddy correlation method is utilized to inversely calculate bulk transfer coefficients for momentum (CD) and heat (CH) at different sites. The relationships between CD and CH and the wind speed at 10 m follow a power law for unstable stratification. For stable stratification, both CD and CH increase with increasing wind speed when wind speed is less than 5 m/s. Diurnal variations of turbulent fluxes are compared at different sites, and the relationships between turbulent fluxes and other variables are analyzed. Wind speed variance normalized by the friction velocity (σu/u*, σv/u*, σw/u*) for neutral stratification (Cu1, Cv1, Cw1), and temperature and humidity variance normalized by a temperature and humidity scale (σT/T*, σq/q*) under free convection (z/L < −0.1) (CT, Cq) are fitted with similarity relations. The differences in similarity constants (Cu1, Cv1, Cw1, CT, Cq) at different sites are discussed. For stable stratification, cases are divided into weakly stable conditions and intermittent turbulence, and the critical values for these two states are determined. Shear and buoyancy terms in the turbulence kinetic energy equation for different stratifications are analyzed.
Benzophenone vs. Copper/Benzophenone in Light‐Promoted Atom Transfer Radical Additions (ATRAs): Highly Effective Iodoperfluoroalkylation of Alkenes/Alkynes and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Beniazza Redouane , Atkinson Rachel , Absalon Christelle , Castet Frédéric , Denisov Sergey A. , McClenaghan Nathan D. , Lastécouères Dominique , Vincent Jean‐Marc 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIodoperfluooralkylation of terminal alkenes and alkynes is effectively photo‐promoted by benzophenone 2 (BP) or the photoreducible copper(II) complex 1. In particular, BP at 1 mol% in methanol upon 365 nm irradiation with a low‐pressure mercury lamp (type TLC=thin layer chromatography, 6 W) results in a fast reaction with excellent reaction yields. Complex 1 and BP 2 exhibited very similar reactivity, suggesting that the reactions involving 1 are likely to be governed by the benzophenone photoactivation processes, rather than copper(I)/(II) redox processes. Mechanistic investigations using transient absorption spectroscopy revealed that a deactivation pathway of the benzophenone triplet (3BP*) is via its reaction with the methanol solvent. We propose that the generated radicals, in particular .CH2OH, play a key role in the initiation step forming Rf. by reacting with RfI, Rf. then entering a radical chain cycle. 1H NMR studies provided evidence that a substantial amount (∼7% NMR yield) of the hemiacetal CH3OCH2OH is formed, i.e., the possible by‐product of the reaction between .CH2OH and RfI. Finally, DFT calculations indicate that a triplet‐triplet energy transfer (TTET) process from 3BP* to perfluorooctyl iodide (C8F17I) is unlikely or should be rather slow under the reaction conditions, consistent with the transient absorption studies.magnified image
Oxidative Alkoxycarbonylation of Alkynes by Means of Aryl α‐Diimine Palladium(II) Complexes as Catalysts
Authors: Beltrani Michela , Carfagna Carla , Milani Barbara , Mancuso Raffaella , Gabriele Bartolo , Fini Francesco 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe straightforward in situ synthesized bis(2,6‐diisopropyl)acenaphthenequinonediimine palladium triflate catalyst was generally employed for both the mono‐alkoxycarbonylation of terminal alkynes, and the bis‐alkoxycarbonylation of 1,2‐disubstituted alkynes by using mild reaction conditions [carbon monoxide pressure (PCO)=4 bar, temperature=20 °C]. Utilizing low catalyst loading (down to 0.5 mol%), a variety of propiolic esters were synthesized with good to excellent isolated yields. Most importantly the system was very efficient not only with methanol but also with a range of different alcohols, starting from the less hindered benzyl alcohol to the most hindered ones, such as isopropyl alcohol and tert‐butyl alcohol. In addition, aromatic and aliphatic 1,2‐disubstituted alkynes were converted into maleic acid derivatives, together with an acid‐catalyzed isomerization reaction, showing modest to good selectivity and excellent combined yields. In particular 3‐hexyne showed a satisfactory degree of selectivity for the maleic diesters of methanol and benzyl alcohol, obtaining the corresponding products with good isolated yields.magnified image
Construction of Functionalized Azapolycyclic Architectures via Formal Amide Insertion at a Low Catalyst Loading of Copper Trifluoroacetylacetonate
Authors: Harada Shingo , Kato Ryosuke , Nemoto Tetsuhiro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA formal amide insertion reaction for the synthesis of nitrogen‐bridged polycyclic frameworks with diverse functionalities was developed using a sustainable copper catalyst as an advantageous alternative to precious rhodium catalysts. The remarkable feature of this methodology is the amount of catalyst loading (0.05 mol%). The optimized reaction conditions enable access to aromatic ring‐fused 8‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 9‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, and 6‐azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane derivatives in moderate to excellent yields.magnified image
Novel Fe/MnK‐CNTs nanocomposites as catalysts for direct production of lower olefins from syngas
Authors: Wang Di , Ji Jian , Chen Bingxu , Chen Wenyao , Qian Gang , Duan Xuezhi , Zhou Xinggui , Holmen Anders , Chen De , Walmsley John C. 
Published: August 2016

Novel Fe/MnK‐CNTs nanocomposites are developed as catalysts for direct production of lower olefins from syngas, delivering a high iron time yield of 337.2 μmolCO·
·s−1 with 51.3%C selectivity toward C2C4 olefins under the optimal reaction conditions (270°C, 2.0 MPa, 30,000 mL h−1
). These catalysts are optimized by varying calcination temperature from 150 to 400°C. Multiple techniques including transmission electron microscopy, Elemental mapping, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H2‐temperature‐programmed reduction, and Raman were employed to reveal the relationship between the catalyst nature and unique catalytic behavior. In particular, the resultant catalyst from the calcination temperature of 220°C exhibits the highest selectivity of C2C4 olefins as well as good stability, which are enabled by the trade‐off among the effects of iron particle sizes, promoters, metal‐support interaction and support surface chemistry. Moreover, influences of reaction temperature, reaction pressure and space velocity are also investigated. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 154–161, 2017
Reversal of cigarette smoke extract‐induced sinonasal epithelial cell barrier dysfunction through Nrf2 Activation
Authors: Tharakan Anuj , Halderman Ashleigh A. , Lane Andrew P. , Biswal Shyam , Ramanathan Murugappan 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundEnvironmental factors such as inhaled pollutants like cigarette smoke may play a significant role in diseases of the upper airway including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Recent studies have shown that cigarette smoke causes impaired airway epithelial cell barrier function likely through environmental oxidative stress related pathways. The purpose of this study is to explore whether enhancing nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NF‐E2]‐related factor 2 [Nrf2], the body's master antioxidant system, can ameliorate cigarette smoke–induced sinonasal epithelial cell (SNEC) barrier dysfunction.MethodsHuman SNECs (HSNECs) were grown from control patients at the air‐liquid interface (ALI). HSNECs were stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) with and without pharmacologic activation of Nrf2. HSNECs were then stained for the epithelial cell junctional proteins zonula occludens 1 (ZO‐1) and junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM‐A) using confocal microscopy. In addition, transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) was measured in cultures before and after stimulation with CSE.ResultsCSE stimulation caused a global disruption of the epithelial junctional proteins ZO‐1 and JAM‐A along with an associated decrease in TER levels. Enhancing Nrf2 levels prior to stimulation with CSE was associated with increased localization of ZO‐1 and JAM‐A levels at the cell surface and statistically significant increases in TER levels.ConclusionThis is the first study to demonstrate that cigarette smoke induced SNEC barrier dysfunction is reversible by Nrf2 activation. The Nrf2 antioxidant pathway may represent a potential therapeutic target for cigarette smoke–associated sinonasal inflammation.
Successful repair of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks improves outcomes in endoscopic skull base surgery
Authors: Shahangian Arash , Soler Zachary M. , Baker Andrew , Wise Sarah K. , Rereddy Shruthi K. , Patel Zara M. , Oyesiku Nelson M. , DelGaudio John M. , Hadjipanayis Constantinos G. , Woodworth Bradford A. , Riley Kristen O. , Lee John , Cusimano Michael D. , Govindaraj Satish , Khan Mohemmed N. , Psaltis Alkis , Wormald Peter J. , Santoreneos Stephen , Sindwani Raj , Trosman Samuel , Stokken Janalee K. , Woodard Troy D. , Recinos Pablo F. , Vandergrift W. Alexander , Boling Caitlin , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe impact of failed cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF) leak repair in endoscopic skull base surgery has not been adequately studied.MethodsIn this investigation we reviewed patients who had undergone endoscopic skull base surgery between 2002 and 2014 at 7 international centers. Demographic variables, comorbidities, tumor characteristics, and repair techniques were evaluated to determine association with successful repair of CSF leak. Postoperative complications and length of stay were compared among groups.ResultsData were collected on 2097 patients who were divided into 3 groups: (1) those with no intraoperative leak (n = 1533); (2) those with successful repair of their intraoperative leak (n = 452); and (3) those with failed repair (n = 112). Compared with successful repair, failed repair was associated with an increased risk of intracranial infection (odds ratio [OR], 5.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3‐13.15), pneumocephalus (OR, 16; 95% CI, 5.8‐44.4), 30‐day readmission (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 5.3‐13.5), reoperation (OR, 115.4; 95% CI, 56.3‐236.8), and prolonged hospital stay (14.9 vs 7.0 days, p < 0.01). Outcomes in patients who had successful repairs of intraoperative leaks were similar to those who never had leakage. Intraoperative use of pedicled nasoseptal flaps was associated with successful repair (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.34‐0.92).ConclusionIntraoperative CSF leaks are a frequent and expected occurrence during endoscopic skull base surgery. Failed CSF leak repair has a significant impact on patient outcomes, with increased rates of postoperative pneumocephalus, intracranial infections, reoperation, deep vein thrombosis, readmission, and prolonged hospital stay. Recognition and repair of intraoperative CSF leaks reduces postoperative complications. Use of pedicled nasoseptal flaps improves outcomes in reconstructing defects at higher risk for postoperative leak.
A Soluble Dynamic Complex Strategy for the Solution‐Processed Fabrication of Organic Thin‐Film Transistors of a Boron‐Containing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Authors: Matsuo Kyohei , Saito Shohei , Yamaguchi Shigehiro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe solution‐processed fabrication of thin films of organic semiconductors enables the production of cost‐effective, large‐area organic electronic devices under mild conditions. The formation/dissociation of a dynamic B−N coordination bond can be used for the solution‐processed fabrication of semiconducting films of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) materials. The poor solubility of a boron‐containing PAH in chloroform, toluene, and chlorobenzene was significantly improved by addition of minor amounts (1 wt % of solvent) of pyridine derivatives, as their coordination to the boron atom suppresses the inherent propensity of the PAHs to form π‐stacks. Spin‐coating solutions of the thus formed Lewis acid–base complexes resulted in the formation of amorphous thin films, which could be converted into polycrystalline films of the boron‐containing PAH upon thermal annealing. Organic thin‐film transistors prepared by this solution process displayed typical p‐type characteristics.
Palaeogeographic Reconstruction in the Transition Zone: The Role of Geophysical Forward Modelling in Ground Investigation Surveys
Authors: Bates Charles R. , Bates Martin R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGeophysical survey techniques are commonly used as part of studies to reconstruct past geographies in archaeological and palaeoenvironmental landscape investigations onshore and offshore. However, their use across the intertidal zone for constructing contiguous models is far more challenging. In order to enhance the interpretation of the recovered data forward modelling is used here to demonstrate the effective use of a staged approach to site investigation. Examples of data from electrical and electromagnetic techniques have been modelled and tested with ground truth measurements including trial pits, coring and cone penetrometer testing. This combination of forward modelling and testing has proved to be particularly effective at mapping key geological situations of archaeological interest. The approach is demonstrated by reference to varying subsurface sediment types exemplified by two field examples from the UK coast where typical palaeolandscape features, namely incised channels and deeply buried topographies are encountered. These palaeogeographic features were chosen as they have high potential for association with the evidence of past human activity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iodoalkyne‐Based Catalyst‐Mediated Activation of Thioamides through Halogen Bonding
Authors: Matsuzawa Akinobu , Takeuchi Shiho , Sugita Kazuyuki 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHalogen bonding catalysis has recently gained increasing attention as a powerful tool to activate organic molecules. However, the variety of the catalyst structure has been quite limited so far. Herein, we report the first example of the use of an iodoalkyne as a halogen bond donor catalyst. By using an iodoalkyne bearing a pentafluorophenyl group as a catalyst, thioamides were efficiently activated and reacted with 2‐aminophenol to generate benzoxazoles in good yield. Mechanistic studies, including 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis and several control experiments, provided concrete evidence that this catalytic activation is based on halogen bonding. Thus, the results obtained in this study demonstrate that iodoalkynes can serve as a new scaffold for future development of halogen bonding catalysis.
Minimal Volume Simplex (MVS) Polytopic Model Generation and Manipulation Methodology for TP Model Transformation
Authors: Kuti József , Galambos Péter , Baranyi Péter 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe vertices of a polytopic LPV/qLPV model determine the feasibility of any linear matrix inequality (LMI) based control design as well as the achievable control performance, since the polytope typically includes not only the actual system dynamics. This paper proposes a powerful method to determine suitable polytopic qLPV Tensor‐Product model forms that allows for fine tuning through constraints on the locations of the vertices. The paper shows that these tuning methods are capable of effectively influencing the closed‐loop control performance results from LMI‐based multi‐objective optimisation. The advantages of the proposed methods are their tractability, low computational complexity, as well as their determinism. The key idea behind the proposed methods is to determine vertices in each decoupled parameter‐dimensions of the TP model in such a way that they form a minimal volume enclosing simplex fulfilling further fine tuning conditions on its shape. This is achieved based on the extension of the Minimal Volume Simplex Analysis (MVSA) method, where the volume of the enclosing simplex polytope is minimized by applying Sequential Quadratic Programming with majorization minimization strategy extended with a set of additional constraints influencing the location of certain vertices according to physically established considerations. Besides the comprehensive presentation of the proposed design methodology an expressive numerical example is provided to demonstrate its effectiveness and usability.
Changes in marine fog in a warmer climate
Authors: Kawai Hideaki , Koshiro Tsuyoshi , Endo Hirokazu , Arakawa Osamu , Hagihara Yuichiro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractChanges in marine fog in a warmer climate are investigated through simulations using the atmospheric component of a global climate model, with both observed and perturbed sea surface temperature forcing. Global changes in marine fog occurrence in different seasons are compared. We show that the changes in marine fog occurrence correspond well to changes in horizontal temperature advection near the surface in a warmer climate. Therefore, the changes in marine fog can be well explained by large‐scale circulation changes. Regarding changes in the characteristics of marine fog, we show that the in‐cloud liquid water content of marine fog is consistently increased in a warmer climate, for a given horizontal surface temperature advection. It is also confirmed that the contribution of changes in marine fog to cloud feedback is not negligible, but is small.
Time control point strategy coupled with transfer coordination in bus schedule design
Authors: Dou Xueping , Yan Yadan , Guo Xiucheng , Gong Xiaolin 
Published: August 2016

SummaryA schedule consisting of an appropriate arrival time at each time control point can ensure reliable transport services. This paper develops a novel time control point strategy coupled with transfer coordination for solving a multi‐objective schedule design problem to improve schedule adherence and reduce intermodal transfer disutility. The problem is formulated using a robust mixed‐integer nonlinear programming model. The mixed‐integer nonlinear programming model is equivalently transformed into a robust mixed‐integer linear programming model, which is then approximated by a deterministic mixed‐integer linear programming model through Monte Carlo simulation. Thus, the optimal scheduled arrival time at each time control point can be precisely obtained using cplex. Numerical experiments based on three bus lines and the mass rapid transit system in Singapore are presented, and the results show that the schedule determined using the developed model is able to provide not only reliable bus service but also a smooth transfer experience for passengers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Permeability of currently available microtiter plate sealing tapes fail to fulfil the requirements for aerobic microbial cultivation
Authors: Sieben Michaela , Giese Heiner , Grosch Jan‐Hendrik , Kauffmann Kira , Büchs Jochen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMicrotiter plate (MTP) sealing tapes are commonly applied in bioprocess development and high throughput screening in order to maintain sterile conditions and avoid liquid evaporation. However, only a few of the commercially available sealing tapes are adequately characterized to guarantee both minimal evaporation and sufficient oxygen supply for aerobic cultivation. Therefore, 12 commercially available sealing tapes are analyzed concerning their water vapor and oxygen permeability. The water vapor permeability is assessed by gravimetrically quantifying the liquid loss due to evaporation. Thereby, the sealing tapes are revealed significant differences. Highly permeable sealing tapes are resulted in liquid loss of up to 25% of the initial filling volume after 8 h at 37°C and 45% ambient humidity. Additionally, the tremendous impact of evaporative cooling on the liquid temperature is detected discovering deviations of up to 3.8°C from the set temperature. The oxygen permeability is assessed by measuring the oxygen transfer rate (OTR). Three out of the 12 tested sealing tapes are impermeable to oxygen while the remaining sealing tapes are ensured sufficient oxygen supply. As a result, all examined sealing tapes are inadequate with respect to either water or oxygen permeation. Based on these novel experimental results, prospective improvements of MTP sealing tapes are presented using a model approach.
Prioritizing Sustainability Indicators: Using Materiality Analysis to Guide Sustainability Assessment and Strategy
Authors: Whitehead Jay 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDespite the growing awareness of complexity in sustainable development, the practical implementation of sustainability assessment through the use of sustainability indicators requires prioritizing the myriad indicators available. This study identifies the highest priority sustainability indicators for the New Zealand wine industry using materiality analysis. Thirteen information sources representative of different stakeholder perspectives considered to drive the need for sustainability assessment are analysed to provide a measure of sustainability issue salience and risk. Based on a meta‐analysis of relevant information, it is found that environmental issues make up the highest priority issues, followed by social issues relating primarily to worker wellbeing. Significantly, economic and governance issues were not found to be high priorities. These findings are discussed in the context of the common bias in agricultural sustainability assessment towards environmental issues, and the broader business implications for sustainability assessment, strategy and policy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Remanufacturing for the Circular Economy: An Examination of Consumer Switching Behavior
Authors: Hazen Benjamin T. , Mollenkopf Diane A. , Wang Yacan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFor the circular economy to be tenable, consumers need to not only return products after use, but also purchase products that are remanufactured. However, research finds that consumers have a poor opinion of remanufactured products and are typically not prepared to adopt them. Thus, development of the circular economy is dependent upon deeper understanding of consumers’ attitudes and behaviors. Research typically considers either micro‐level or macro‐level factors when assessing consumer perceptions of remanufactured products. The current research incorporates macro‐level factors of price, government incentives and environmental benefits with the moderating influence of micro‐level consumer attitudes to examine consumers’ intention to switch from purchasing new products to remanufactured products. The findings suggest that a consumer's attitude toward remanufactured products is an important moderating factor predicting consumer switching behavior to remanufactured products. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment