bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Vibration Characteristics of Graphene/Piezoelectric/Graphene Sandwich Nanobeams
Authors: Kammoun N. , Jrad H. , Bouaziz S. , Amar M. B. , Soula M. , Haddar M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper reports an investigation on thermo-electro-mechanical vibration of graphene/piezoelectric graphene/piezoelectric/graphene sandwich nanobeams. Based on the nonlocal elasticity theory, Timoshenko beam theory and Hamilton's principles, the governing equations are developed and solved using generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method. The effects of the nonlocal parameter, external electrical voltage, temperature change and axial force on vibration of graphene/piezoelectric/graphene sandwich nanobeams are examined. The performance and the accuracy of the presented model are highlighted through numerical examples with different boundary conditions. This study reports that the nonlocal parameter and thermo-electro-mechanical loadings have important effect on the natural frequencies and the deflection mode shapes of the graphene/piezoelectric/graphene sandwich nanobeam. The present work can serve as guideline for the design of a nanoscale graphene/piezoelectric/graphene beams based electromechanical resonator sensors.
Using two-sex life tables to determine fitness parameters of fourBactroceraspecies (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared on a semi-artificial diet
Authors: Jaleel W. , Yin J. , Wang D. , He Y. , Lu L. , Shi H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFruit flies in the genusBactroceraare global, economically important pests of agricultural food crops. However, basic life history information about these pests, which is vital for designing more effective control methods, is currently lacking. Artificial diets can be used as a suitable replacement for natural host plants for rearing fruit flies under laboratory conditions, and this study reports on the two-sex life-table parameters of fourBactroceraspecies (Bactrocera correcta, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera cucurbitae,andBactrocera tau) reared on a semi-artificial diet comprising corn flour, banana, sodium benzoate, yeast, sucrose, winding paper, hydrochloric acid and water. The results indicated that the larval development period ofB. correcta(6.81 ± 0.65 days) was significantly longer than those of the other species. The fecundity ofB. dorsalis(593.60 eggs female−1) was highest among the four species. There were no differences in intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) among the four species. The gross reproductive rate (GRR) and net reproductive rate (R0) ofB. dorsaliswere higher than those of the other species, and the mean generation time (T) ofB. cucurbitae(42.08 ± 1.21 h) was longer than that of the other species. We conclude that the semi-artificial diet was most suitable for rearingB. dorsalis,due to its shorter development time and higher fecundity. These results will be useful for future studies of fruit fly management.
How We Know What We Know about Pakistan: New York Times news production, 1954–71
Authors: BIBERMAN YELENA 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article explores public knowledge creation by examining how theNew York Timesproduced Pakistan news between 1954 and 1971, the formative period of United States of America (USA)–Pakistan relations. These years encapsulate not only the heyday of cooperation between the two governments, but also the American public's first major introduction to the South Asian country by the increasingly intrepid news media. A leader in shaping that introduction was theNew York Times. While most studies of the American media focus on measuring the effect of news exposure and content on public opinion, this article focuses on the theoretically underexplored aspect of news production: foreign news gathering. With a lens on South Asia, it shows that foreign news gathering involves the straddling of on-the-ground political and logistical constraints that generate an atmosphere of high uncertainty. By exploring the limitations on news gathering faced by America's leading newspaper's foreign correspondents in Pakistan in the 1950s and 1960s, this article identifies an important historical source of the ambiguity characterizing USA–Pakistan relations. The findings are based on recently released archival material that offers rare insight into the news-production process.
A review of the Acanthocephala parasitising freshwater fishes in Australia
Authors: SMALES L. R. , ADLARD R. D. , ELLIOT A. , KELLY E. , LYMBERY A. J. , MILLER T. L. , SHAMSI S. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYThe acanthocephalan fauna of Australian freshwater fishes was documented from field surveys, a literature survey and examination of specimens registered in Australian museums. From the 4030 fishes, representing 78 of the 354 Australian freshwater fish species (22%), examined for infection seven species of acanthocephalan were recovered. These species comprised five endemic species, three in endemic genera, two species in cosmopolitan genera, one species not fully identified and 1 putative exotic species recovered from eight species of fish. Of theseEdmonsacanthus blairifromMelanotaenia splendida,was the only acanthocephalan found at a relatively high prevalence of 38·6%. These findings are indicative of a highly endemic and possibly depauperate acanthocephalan fauna. Species richness was higher in the tropical regions than the temperate regions of the country. Exotic acanthocephalan species have either not been introduced with their exotic hosts or have been unable to establish their life cycles in Australian conditions. Consequently, acanthocephalans have not yet invaded endemic Australian fish hosts.
Childhood stress, grown-up brain networks: corticolimbic correlates of threat-related early life stress and adult stress response
Authors: Kaiser R. H. , Clegg R. , Goer F. , Pechtel P. , Beltzer M. , Vitaliano G. , Olson D. P. , Teicher M. H. , Pizzagalli D. A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundExposure to threat-related early life stress (ELS) has been related to vulnerability for stress-related disorders in adulthood, putatively via disrupted corticolimbic circuits involved in stress response and regulation. However, previous research on ELS has not examined both the intrinsic strength and flexibility of corticolimbic circuits, which may be particularly important for adaptive stress responding, or associations between these dimensions of corticolimbic dysfunction and acute stress response in adulthood.MethodsSeventy unmedicated women varying in history of threat-related ELS completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan to evaluate voxelwise static (overall) and dynamic (variability over a series of sliding windows) resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of bilateral amygdala. In a separate session and subset of participants (n = 42), measures of salivary cortisol and affect were collected during a social-evaluative stress challenge.ResultsHigher severity of threat-related ELS was related to more strongly negative static RSFC between amygdala and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and elevated dynamic RSFC between amygdala and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC). Static amygdala-DLPFC antagonism mediated the relationship between higher severity of threat-related ELS and blunted cortisol response to stress, but increased dynamic amygdala-rACC connectivity weakened this mediated effect and was related to more positive post-stress mood.ConclusionsThreat-related ELS was associated with RSFC within lateral corticolimbic circuits, which in turn was related to blunted physiological response to acute stress. Notably, increased flexibility between the amygdala and rACC compensated for this static disruption, suggesting that more dynamic medial corticolimbic circuits might be key to restoring healthy stress response.
Genetic risk scores and family history as predictors of schizophrenia in Nordic registers
Authors: Lu Y. , Pouget J. G. , Andreassen O. A. , Djurovic S. , Esko T. , Hultman C. M. , Metspalu A. , Milani L. , Werge T. , Sullivan P. F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundFamily history is a long-standing and readily obtainable risk factor for schizophrenia (SCZ). Low-cost genotyping technologies have enabled large genetic studies of SCZ, and the results suggest the utility of genetic risk scores (GRS, direct assessments of inherited common variant risk). Few studies have evaluated family history and GRS simultaneously to ask whether one can explain away the other.MethodsWe studied 5959 SCZ cases and 8717 controls from four Nordic countries. All subjects had family history data from national registers and genome-wide genotypes that were processed through the quality control procedures used by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Using external training data, GRS were estimated for SCZ, bipolar disorder (BIP), major depression, autism, educational attainment, and body mass index. Multivariable modeling was used to estimate effect sizes.ResultsUsing harmonized genomic and national register data from Denmark, Estonia, Norway, and Sweden, we confirmed that family history of SCZ and GRS for SCZ and BIP were risk factors for SCZ. In a joint model, the effects of GRS for SCZ and BIP were essentially unchanged, and the effect of family history was attenuated but remained significant. The predictive capacity of a model including GRS and family history neared the minimum for clinical utility.ConclusionsCombining national register data with measured genetic risk factors represents an important investigative approach for psychotic disorders. Our findings suggest the potential clinical utility of combining GRS and family history for early prediction and diagnostic improvements.
Evolution of a circularly polarized laser beam in an obliquely magnetized plasma channel
Authors: Hemlata  , Upadhyay A.K. , Jha P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe evolution of the spot size and amplitude of a circularly polarized laser beam propagating in a plasma channel embedded in an obliquely applied magnetic field has been investigated. The wave equation describing the evolution of the radiation field is set up and a variational technique is used to obtain the equations governing the evolution of the spot size and amplitude. Numerical methods are used to analyze the evolution of the laser beam spot size and amplitude. It is seen that the amplitudes of the two transverse components of the electric field of the laser beam evolve differently, since they are driven by unequal current densities. This leads to the conversion of a circularly polarized laser beam into an elliptically polarized beam, under appropriate conditions.
Study of ion-acoustic solitary wave structures in multi-component plasma containing positive and negative ions and q-exponential distributed electron beam
Authors: Sarkar J. , Goswami J. , Chandra S. , Ghosh B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUsing reductive perturbation technique, small-amplitude ion-acoustic solitary wave has been investigated in multi-component dense plasma, in which an electron beam propagates along the general streaming motion. The electrons in plasma have the q-exponential distribution. The positive and negative ions follow a regular Maxwellian distribution. It has been found that the positive and negative ion densities as well as the beam concentration have significant effect on the formation and properties of solitary structures. The streaming velocities of corresponding particles also have pronounced effect on the features of the solitons.
Crystal structure of new triple molybdate AgMg3Ga(MoO4)5 from Rietveld refinement
Authors: Kotova Irina Yu. , Savina Aleksandra A. , Khaikina Elena G. 
Published: September 2017

A polycrystalline sample of a new triple molybdate AgMg3Ga(MoO4)5 was obtained by solid-state reaction techniques. Structural refinement based on X-ray powder diffraction data showed that the crystal structure is isotypic with NaMg3In(MoO4)5 (sp. gr. P$\bar 1$). In the structure pairs of edge-shared (Mg, Ga)O6, octahedra are connected by common vertices to form a three-dimensional framework. Large framework cavities involve Ag+ cations. The title compound was found to melt at 1079 K.
Rapid autopsy of a patient with recurrent anaplastic ependymoma
Authors: Lange Katharine Rae , Fischer Cheryl , Rajappa Prajwal , Connors Scott , Pisapia David , Greenfield Jeffrey P. , Beltran Himisha , Rubin Mark , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Khakoo Yasmin 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:Our aim was to outline a procedure for obtaining a rapid autopsy in order to collect high-quality postmortem tissue for genomic analysis.Methods:This report details a bi-institutional collaborative effort to coordinate a rapid autopsy for a pediatric patient who had died at home. We discuss the scientific rationale for offering a rapid autopsy to caregivers of pediatric patients as well as parental perspectives on broaching the subject of autopsy. We then review the logistics and coordination involved with planning a rapid autopsy and the sequence of events needed to maximize tissue quality.Results:We report the successful coordination of a rapid autopsy for a patient who died in a hospice setting at her out-of-state home. The time interval from death to the start of the rapid autopsy procedure was 4.5 hours, despite the logistical considerations demanded by the location of the patient. Tumor aliquots and nonneoplastic tissues were successfully snap frozen for downstream genomic studies.Significance of Results:Physicians should consider trialing a rapid autopsy program at their institution that could be offered to caregivers of pediatric patients. This case report offers a framework to help clinicians develop their own rapid autopsy programs as well as guidelines to help streamline this process for appropriate candidates going forward.
Economic freedom and growth across German districts
Authors: SPRUK ROK , KEŠELJEVIĆ ALEKSANDAR 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we revisit the relationship between economic freedom and growth across 407 German districts (Kreise). We build six indicators of economic freedom and cluster them into categories reflecting tax rates and size of the government and public sector. Exploiting the variation in the constructed indices of economic freedom, the evidence suggests less indebted districts with a lower share of taxes and a relatively smaller public sector achieve consistently higher growth rates and income levels. The beneficial effect of economic freedom on growth is robust to the variety of specification checks and does not appear to be driven by sample selection. The evidence does not indicate a lower level of economic freedom in former East German districts or greater economic freedom in West German districts but unveils a persistent north–south divide in the post-unification period. In the counterfactual scenario, a transition to the 90th percentile of economic freedom is associated with large income and growth gains. Such a transition would yield higher income levels and growth rates with a notable decrease in regional economic inequality within Germany.
Modifiable risk factors for external cause mortality after release from prison: a nested case–control study
Authors: Spittal M. J. , Forsyth S. , Borschmann R. , Young J. T. , Kinner S. A. 
Published: September 2017

Aim.People released from prison are at higher risk of mortality from potentially preventable causes than their peers in the general population. Because most studies of this phenomenon are reliant on registry data, there is little health and behavioural information available on those at risk, hampering the development of targeted, evidence-based preventive responses. Our aim was to identify modifiable risk and protective factors for external cause and cause-specific mortality after release from prison.Methods.We undertook a nested case–control study using data from a larger retrospective cohort study of mortality after release from prison in Queensland, Australia between 1994 and 2007. Cases were 286 individuals who had died from external causes (drug overdose, suicide, transport accidents, or violence) matched with 286 controls on sex, Indigenous status, and release date. We extracted data from detention, case-management, and prison medical records.Results.Factors associated with increased risk of external cause mortality included use of heroin and other opioids in the community [odds ratio (OR) = 2.20, 95% CI 1.41–3.43,p< 0.001], a prescription for antidepressants during the current prison sentence (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.02–3.67,p= 0.042), a history of problematic alcohol use in the community (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.05–2.26,p= 0.028), and having ever served two or more custodial sentences (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.01–2.25,p= 0.045). Being married (OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.29–0.70,p< 0.001) was protective. Fewer predictors were associated with cause-specific mortality.Conclusions.We identified several behavioural, psychosocial, and clinical markers associated with mortality from preventable causes in people released from prison. Emerging evidence points to interventions that could be targeted at those at increased risk of external cause mortality. These include treatment and harm reduction programmes (for substance use), improving transitional support programmes and continuity of care (for mental health), diversion and drug reform (for repeat incarceration) and nurturing stable relationships during incarceration. The period of imprisonment and shortly after release provides a unique opportunity to improve the long-term health of ex-prisoners and overcome the disadvantage associated with imprisonment.
Necroptotic debris including damaged mitochondria elicits sepsis-like syndrome during late-phase tularemia
Authors: Singh Anju , Periasamy Sivakumar , Malik Meenakshi , Bakshi Chandra Shekhar , Stephen Laurie , Ault Jeffrey G , Mannella Carmen A , Sellati Timothy J 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInfection with Francisella tularensis ssp. tularensis (Ft) strain SchuS4 causes an often lethal disease known as tularemia in rodents, non-human primates, and humans. Ft subverts host cell death programs to facilitate their exponential replication within macrophages and other cell types during early respiratory infection (⩽72 h). The mechanism(s) by which cell death is triggered remains incompletely defined, as does the impact of Ft on mitochondria, the host cell’s organellar ‘canary in a coal mine’. Herein, we reveal that Ft infection of host cells, particularly macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, drives necroptosis via a receptor-interacting protein kinase 1/3-mediated mechanism. During necroptosis mitochondria and other organelles become damaged. Ft-induced mitochondrial damage is characterized by: (i) a decrease in membrane potential and consequent mitochondrial oncosis or swelling, (ii) increased generation of superoxide radicals, and (iii) release of intact or damaged mitochondria into the lung parenchyma. Host cell recognition of and response to released mitochondria and other damage-associated molecular patterns engenders a sepsis-like syndrome typified by production of TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, and IFN-γ during late-phase tularemia (⩾72 h), but are absent early during infection.
Synthetic microparticles conjugated with VEGF165 improve the survival of endothelial progenitor cells via microRNA-17 inhibition
Authors: Aday Sezin , Zoldan Janet , Besnier Marie , Carreto Laura , Saif Jaimy , Fernandes Rui , Santos Tiago , Bernardino Liliana , Langer Robert , Emanueli Costanza , Ferreira Lino 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSeveral cell-based therapies are under pre-clinical and clinical evaluation for the treatment of ischemic diseases. Poor survival and vascular engraftment rates of transplanted cells force them to work mainly via time-limited paracrine actions. Although several approaches, including the use of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (sVEGF)—VEGF165, have been developed in the last 10 years to enhance cell survival, they showed limited efficacy. Here, we report a pro-survival approach based on VEGF-immobilized microparticles (VEGF-MPs). VEGF-MPs prolong VEGFR-2 and Akt phosphorylation in cord blood-derived late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (OEPCs). In vivo, OEPC aggregates containing VEGF-MPs show higher survival than those treated with sVEGF. Additionally, VEGF-MPs decrease miR-17 expression in OEPCs, thus increasing the expression of its target genes CDKN1A and ZNF652. The therapeutic effect of OEPCs is improved in vivo by inhibiting miR-17. Overall, our data show an experimental approach to improve therapeutic efficacy of proangiogenic cells for the treatment of ischemic diseases.
SPA70 is a potent antagonist of human pregnane X receptor
Authors: Lin Wenwei , Wang Yue-Ming , Chai Sergio C. , Lv Lili , Zheng Jie , Wu Jing , Zhang Qijun , Wang Yong-Dong , Griffin Patrick R. , Chen Taosheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMany drugs bind to and activate human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) to upregulate drug-metabolizing enzymes, resulting in decreased drug efficacy and increased resistance. This suggests that hPXR antagonists have therapeutic value. Here we report that SPA70 is a potent and selective hPXR antagonist. SPA70 inhibits hPXR in human hepatocytes and humanized mouse models and enhances the chemosensitivity of cancer cells, consistent with the role of hPXR in drug resistance. Unexpectedly, SJB7, a close analog of SPA70, is an hPXR agonist. X-ray crystallography reveals that SJB7 resides in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of hPXR, interacting with the AF-2 helix to stabilize the LBD for coactivator binding. Differential hydrogen/deuterium exchange analysis demonstrates that SPA70 and SJB7 interact with the hPXR LBD. Docking studies suggest that the lack of the para-methoxy group in SPA70 compromises its interaction with the AF-2, thus explaining its antagonism. SPA70 is an hPXR antagonist and promising therapeutic tool.
Slow-wave sleep is controlled by a subset of nucleus accumbens core neurons in mice
Authors: Oishi Yo , Xu Qi , Wang Lu , Zhang Bin-Jia , Takahashi Koji , Takata Yohko , Luo Yan-Jia , Cherasse Yoan , Schiffmann Serge N. , de Kerchove d’Exaerde Alban , Urade Yoshihiro , Qu Wei-Min , Huang Zhi-Li , Lazarus Michael 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSleep control is ascribed to a two-process model, a widely accepted concept that posits homoeostatic drive and a circadian process as the major sleep-regulating factors. Cognitive and emotional factors also influence sleep–wake behaviour; however, the precise circuit mechanisms underlying their effects on sleep control are unknown. Previous studies suggest that adenosine has a role affecting behavioural arousal in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain area critical for reinforcement and reward. Here, we show that chemogenetic or optogenetic activation of excitatory adenosine A2A receptor-expressing indirect pathway neurons in the core region of the NAc strongly induces slow-wave sleep. Chemogenetic inhibition of the NAc indirect pathway neurons prevents the sleep induction, but does not affect the homoeostatic sleep rebound. In addition, motivational stimuli inhibit the activity of ventral pallidum-projecting NAc indirect pathway neurons and suppress sleep. Our findings reveal a prominent contribution of this indirect pathway to sleep control associated with motivation.