bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case History: HP/HT Underbalance Drill Stem Testing, Deepwater KG Offshore
Authors: Sarode Mahesh , Khati Milind 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A leading exploration and production company in India needed to conduct high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) testing on a deepwater well. Deployment of the drillstem test (DST) tools in a kill-weight mud system as a testing fluid could have resulted in challenges with tool operation and retrieval of the DST string at the end of the test. Appropriate kill-weight clear fluid was not available at the time of the project execution.
This paper describes the method developed to achieve underbalance Drill Stem Testing in Deepwater KG offshore India. The data also describes careful preparation of the tool string for HP/HT environment and operation of DST tools in underbalance annulus brine.
The well test was planned with the available low-density clear fluid system (brine). During pre-job planning, multiple DST tool combinations were considered before finally deploying a full-suite, multicycle DST tool string. The operation was designed to perform the DST with the underbalance testing fluid to test the reservoir potential and later to displace the kill-weight fluid into the well during well kill operations. Multicycle DST tools were deployed with a 7-in. retrievable packer, 3-in. subsea safety system, and 15K surface well testing equipment.
The test string, featuring the multicycle DST tools, performed successfully with the available underbalance fluid (brine). The tools also operated as designed in the kill-weight mud, thereby meeting the defined test objectives. The testing operation was performed in a single run, reducing rig time and associated expenses to provide overall cost savings to the customer. Maximum bottomhole pressure and bottomhole temperature recorded was 11,000 psi and 365°F during this job. This was the first HP/HT underbalance well testing job carried out in a deepwater environment in India. This job provided the platform to perform similar underbalance well testing operations in a subsequent job on another deepwater well.
Using the multicycle DST tool string, the customer was able to safely and effectively test the reservoir potential with an underbalanced test fluid in two deepwater wells, achieving the desired test objectives.
Reservoir Management Through Water Injection Surveillance in Block X of Mumbai High South Field- A Case Study
Authors: Kamath Archana , Gedam Bipin , Maurya C. R. , Kukreja J. P. , Pratap Mahendra 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Water-flood management is an exploitation strategy adopted in Mumbai High field to maintain the reservoir health. Pressure sinks are seen developing in Block X of the south field as a result of inadequate water injection. Efforts to increase water injection in this area based on analysis of injection wells using various water-flood surveillance tools resulted in arresting decline, increase in water retention and reservoir pressure.
As a part of the study, the performance of injectors was analysed with their effect on nearby producers. Various classical techniques for water-flood surveillance viz. injection performance curve vs. time incorporating events, Hall's plot, ABC plot, backwash analysis, PLT report analysis, pressure vs. time plot, production performance curve vs. time incorporating events, water cut and GOR vs. time plot, WOR vs. cumulative oil production plot and bubble mapping were utilized to monitor the efficiency and take corrective actions to improve the health of the reservoir.
The study area is located in the peripheral part to the west of WI-X1 injection platform of the MH south field. The area was developed by platforms I1, I2 and I3 (1993-94) by conventional wells, but had limited productivity/ injectivity. Further development was done by horizontal/ multilateral wells from I4 (2002-05), where the horizontal wells produced with high initial rates, that declined sharply, more prominently in wells towards west away from injection platforms. The high decline could be attributed to negligible pressure support from western natural aquifer influx and tight reservoir characteristics leading to poor pressure transmissibility from the eastern injection platforms. The problem was aggravated by less water injection than envisaged rate resulting in decline in production, drop in reservoir pressure, low water retention and low incremental voidage replacement ratio (0.45). To increase the injection support 3 more water injectors were added that resulted in an increase of injection from 17,500 to 31,800 BWPD. This led to increase in incremental VRR to 1.80 and water retention to 88%, which has shown positive response in jacking up pressures in this area and arresting of oil production decline per string from 14% to 4% with flattened WOR.
The present study emphasises the importance of maintaining incremental VRR greater than 1.0 and reducing circulation of injection water by conversions in appropriate places with respect to producers along with optimised rates in existing injectors to improve the recovery in tight reservoir conditions.
Identification and Characterization of a Clastic Layer in Carbonate Reservoir and Its Role in Enhancing Production - A Case Study
Authors: Ram B. , Patel S. K. , Muralidharan K. , Rathor A. K. , Pratap Mahendra 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
L-I, the shallowest hydrocarbon reservoir of Mumbai High field is being exploited as a consistent limestone reservoir. Performance analysis including pressure-production behaviour of the reservoir indicated the possibility of a higher in-place volume. This called for a detailed review of the L-I reservoir and to build a model in order to draw a development scheme for enhancement of production and better reservoir management to improve recovery.
A 3D geo-cellular model of L-I reservoir of Mumbai High North was constructed, incorporating all the well data. While carrying out stratigraphic correlation, a layer with high gamma similar to a sandstone reservoir of the field was identified below the Limestone reservoir in a NE-SW corridor across the field. It was supported by the presence of siltstone/fine grained sandstone in side wall core and the cutting samples of nearby wells falling in this corridor. ECS log recorded in a new well to validate the findings also confirmed it as clastic layer and the CMR log showed maximum permeability therein this layer. In addition, to confirm the lithology, entire L-I column in one of the vertical well was cored. It was confirmed from the core that the identified clastic layer is sandstone of very good porosity and permeability.
Based on all the observations, the L-I reservoir is divided into 3 sub layers- L-Ia, L-Ib and L-Ic- the top two being limestone and the bottom one (L-Ic) as clastic. The revised hydrocarbon estimates from the model resulted in almost doubling the earlier estimated initially In-place volumes. Reservoir simulation studies were carried out which recommended 9 new oil producers targeting L-I clastic layer from existing free slots and sidetracking/recompletion of existing poor producers leading to net recovery of about 33.4%. The Scheme is under implementation and has resulted in four fold increase in oil production from around 2600 to 10000 bopd.
The present study highlights the importance of integration of all the available data along with finer lithological details, obtained through formation evaluation, for reservoir characterization and well placement which plays a vital role in optimal exploitation of the hitherto less understood reservoirs.
Raageshwari Deep Gas Field - Tight Resource Rejuvenation Journey from Internal Usage to Commercial Gas Sales
Authors: Gupta A. K. , Shankar P. , Saurav S. , Verma S. K. , Mukherjee S. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The Raageshwari Deep Gas Field (RDG), Barmer Basin, India, is a thick (~700m gross), low permeability (0.01-1md) gas condensate field comprised of clastic and volcanic reservoirs at ~3,000m depth. The volcanic reservoirs consist of a stacked succession of thick, heterogeneous, low net-to-gross lava flow cycles of Basalt and Felsic units. RDG was initially developed as the fuel source for oilfield developments in the Barmer Basin RJ-ON-90/1 block; however, with improved technology and accelerating worldwide development of tighter reservoirs, it is now feasible to commercially exploit such fields.
Early RDG production performance encouraged us to revisit the field development for the possible commercial exploitation of gas and condensate. One key challenge in the development planning of any reservoir is the creation of useful production forecasting models. An updated 3D geocellular model was developed using all available geophysical, geological and petrophysical information to capture the heterogeneity in the sandstone and volcanic reservoirs. A dynamic simulation model was then calibrated to more than four years of production data, pressure transient and interference tests, and time-lapsed production logs. This model was used to determine a range of feasible scenarios to consider for field development.
Based on the early RDG production performance, additional data acquired over the last four years and the static and dynamic modeling results, a revised field development plan for RDG commercial gas sales was recently approved by the Government of India. This paper discusses the subsurface aspects of the journey from conceptualization to finalization of the field development plan for RDG commercial gas sales.
Analysis of Quinic Acid and of myo-Inositol in Tobacco
Authors: Moldoveanu SC , Davis MF 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Quinic acid [D(-)-quinic acid, (1S, 3R,4S,5R)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid], and inositol [myoinositol, (1R,2R,3S,4S,5R,6S-cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol or cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexane-hexol] are oxygenated compounds well known as tobacco constituents. Although mentioned in the literature as constituents of tobacco leaf as early as 1930, very little information is offered regarding the quantitation of quinic acid and inositol, up to the present day. This study describes a simple procedure for the analysis of quinic acid and myo-inositol in tobacco and reports the levels of these two analytes in various single grade and blended tobaccos from commercial and Kentucky reference cigarettes. The procedure is based on an original LC/MS/MS analysis of the tobacco extract. This method and its validation are described in this paper.
A wide range of levels of the analytes was observed from sample to sample. Burley samples were in general low in both quinic acid and inositol compared to flue-cured tobaccos. The levels of myo-inositol detected in the analyzed samples were consistent with previously reported results for flue-cured tobaccos, but significantly lower than those reported for Burley. Besides myo-inositol, a number of naturally occurring stereoisomers of inositol are known. These include scyllo-, muco-, D-chiro- and neo-inositol. Other isomers are possible, including L-chiro-, allo-, epiand cis-inositol, but they are less common. No previous study has been reported regarding the evaluation of these compounds in tobacco, and the present study indicated that only myo-inositol and D(-)-quinic acid are found in tobacco.
Prevalence of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Needs in Down Syndrome Sudanese Individuals
Authors: Ibrahim Hiba A. , Abuaffan Amal H. 
Published: November 2015

Objective: To determine prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs in Down syndrome individuals among Sudanese population in Khartoum area.Materials & Method: A total of 75 (37 males and 38 females) Down syndrome individuals age ranging from 6-28 years were clinically examined after obtaining their guardian’s consent, malocclusion was determined based on Angle and Incisor classification. Exclusion criteria were included individuals who had history of extraction and orthodontic treatment.Data was analysed by using SPSS Version 17, at an alpha level 0.05 and 95% confidence limits.Result: Angle Class III and Incisor III malocclusion represents the most prevalent type of malocclusions (58.7%) Angle classification, (53.3%) Incisors classification. Angle Class III malocclusion was more frequent among females (60.5%) than in males (56.8%). Themajority of individuals with Down syndrome are in need of orthodontic treatment (85.3%).Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need among Sudanese Down syndrome individuals was high. Angle and Incisor Class III malocclusion representing commonest trait of malocclusion with more frequency in femalesthan males.Key word: down syndrome, Class III malocclusion, orthodontic treatment
Effects of burnishing parameters on the quality and microhardness of flat die surfaces
Authors: Müftüoğlu Hikmet Sadi , Malyer Elif 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this study, the burnishing process is recommended as finishing operation of flat die surfaces for improving not only surface quality but also mechanical properties of milled die surfaces. This technique can be applied after milling operations in CNC milling centers with a single fastening that increases the accuracy of the die geometry. To determine both the usability of the process on flat die surfaces and the influence of process parameters, a simple burnishing tool with a fixed deformation element was designed and constructed. The CNC milling center was used for burnishing operations. The burnishing process was employed using a constant spindle speed on a flat surface. Burnishing feed rate, stepover, penetration depth, the number of passes, burnishing direction and coolant were chosen as process parameters. First, optimum parameters were stated, then macro and microstructure of the burnished surfaces were examined, and roughness and hardness measurements of surfaces were carried out. Results show that burnishing increased the surface quality and microhardness of flat milled surface. The penetration depth has the maximum and stepover has the minimum effect on surface quality. The coolant has the highest effect on microhardness. The burnishing direction has a significant effect on both microhardness and surface quality. It can be briefly stated that burnishing is an economic and feasible surface treatment process for finishing operations of die surfaces.
High-precision deformation and damage development assessment of composite materials by high-speed camera, high-frequency impulse and digital image correlation techniques
Authors: Myslicki Sebastian , Ortlieb Markus , Frieling Gerrit , Walther Frank 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Although composite materials like wood, vulcanized fiber and carbon reinforced plastic (CFRP) are already investigated by means of their mechanical properties, the abrupt fracture mechanism as well as the deformation behavior right before and after fracture has not been investigated. However, it is marginally investigated for CFRP because of the quite high fracture speed. The knowledge about the damage evolution as the crack start and propagation can help to improve the strength and sensitivity to fracture by improving the materials structure and to utilize these materials for structural applications. For the investigated materials, fracture happens abruptly as it is the nature of composites and the detailed fracture mechanisms could not be detected by conventional measurement techniques. Therefore, an innovative combination of testing devices is presented which is able to fill this gap. Tensile tests were performed to receive conventional stress-strain curves. At the fracture stage, a high-speed camera recorded the fracture process. This information could be combined with digital image correlation (DIC) to visualize the deformation behavior. At the same time acoustic emission (AE) was used to detect the spectrum of mechanical vibrations which gives information about the released energy due to fracture. The challenging triggering of the high-speed camera was solved for each material individually. By using improved light sources, the recording speed could be set up to 2 million frames per second (Mfps). The investigations show different fracture mechanisms for each composite. Wood and vulcanized fiber were also investigated in different directions due to their anisotropy.
Gliomatosis cerebri: Case series of six cases with review of literature
Authors: Yerramneni Vamsi Krishna , Vinjamuri Srinivasa Rao , Purohit A. K. , Sundaram C. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Background Gliomatosis cerebri is characterized by diffuse infiltration of glial cells with preservation of neuronal architecture. It is an uncommon glial neoplasm of astrocytic origin that occurs in adults and is exceedingly rare in children. Materials and Methods: The authors retrospectively analyzed the data of 6 patients of gliomatosis cerebri operated between 2007 and 2012. Result: All patients underwent surgical decompression, followed by chemoradiotherapy. The survival ranged between 3 and 45 months. The mean survival was 18.5 years. Conclusion: Performance scores at presentation and the nonglioblastomatous histology seems to favorably affect the prognosis. Larger studies are required to comment on the role of combination of surgery, chemoradiotherapy as a treatment modality.
La ricostruzione tridimensionale e il restauro virtuale di una tomba etrusca dipinta dell’Etruria meridionale interna: la “Grotta Dipinta” di Pranzovico (Viterbo)
Authors: Limoncelli Massimo , Scardozzi Giuseppe 
Published: November 2015

<p>The paper concerns the 3D reconstruction and virtual restoration of a painted rock-cut chamber tombs located in the interior of Southern Etruria (Viterbo Province, Central Italy). The tomb was discovered in 1901 in a place named Pranzovico and it dates from the mid-fifth century BC; it has a cross plan with central atrium (decorated with paintings) and three chambers in which there are the rock-cut funerary beds. The paintings have been largely destroyed by illegal excavators in the days immediately following the discovery; during the 20th century it was damaged due to agricultural works in the surroundings and now it is partially filled up. Its 3D reconstruction is based on the scarce remains preserved, the plan and drawings of paintings made at the time of discovery and the comparison with other tombs from Tarquinia and Chiusi.</p>
A Reconstruction and Representation System for 3D Digital Archaeological Documentation – A Case Study of Dahecun Archaeological Site in China
Authors: Xiao Jinliang , Shang Jin , Gao Ming , Zhang Jianhua , Li Jianhe 
Published: November 2015

<p>In Dahecun, a famous archaeological site in China, the cultural strata have accumulated up to 12.5 meters, including archaeological remains covering 3,300 years. In order to improve the precision and convenience of archaeological work, a digitally aided 3D archaeological reconstruction and representation system is designed for the support of archaeological work and subsequent research and virtual reconstruction and representation of immediate site information and research output. The system shall benefit archaeologists and researchers as well as the general population with easy access to archaeological information.</p>
Doelen van straffen bereiken door lokale interventies
Authors: Jironet Loewe Disa , Plas Leon 
Published: November 2015

Achieving the purposes of punishment through local interventions. Community sentencing in the light of moral theories and the policies of the Dutch Public Prosecutor’s Office
The Dutch prosecutor’s office has set itself the goal of contributing to a safer and just society. This article investigates how a more proactive and innovative approach to the sanctioning of crimes can help towards realizing this goal. The authors take a close look at which types of sanctions could be ‘employed’ for this purpose, and when and how they ought to be executed, in the light of moral retributive and utilitarian theories on punishment. Specifically, the article considers community-sentencing punishments – punishments that are executed locally and in a way that is connected to context (perpetrator, neighbourhood) within which the crime was committed. The authors conclude that a visible connection between the crime and the punishment is vital to achieve the goals set out by the prosecutor’s office. However, at the same time various features of the execution of the punishment need to be considered in order to reach the right effect. This article does not purport to give a single answer these issues, but aspires to indicate where there is unexplored potential in the way community sentences are executed, and hopes to give a framework of what needs to be considered in order to do so effectively.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Iron Oxide-Labeled Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Progenitors
Authors: Skelton Rhys J.P. , Khoja Suhail , Almeida Shone , Rapacchi Stanislas , Han Fei , Engel James , Zhao Peng , Hu Peng , Stanley Edouard G. , Elefanty Andrew G. , Kwon Murray , Elliott David A. , Ardehali Reza 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGiven the limited regenerative capacity of the heart, cellular therapy with stem cell-derived cardiac cells could be a potential treatment for patients with heart disease. However, reliable imaging techniques to longitudinally assess engraftment of the transplanted cells are scant. To address this issue, we used ferumoxytol as a labeling agent of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells (hESC-CPCs) to facilitate tracking by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a large animal model. Differentiating hESCs were exposed to ferumoxytol at different time points and varying concentrations. We determined that treatment with ferumoxytol at 300 μg/ml on day 0 of cardiac differentiation offered adequate cell viability and signal intensity for MRI detection without compromising further differentiation into definitive cardiac lineages. Labeled hESC-CPCs were transplanted by open surgical methods into the left ventricular free wall of uninjured pig hearts and imaged both ex vivo and in vivo. Comprehensive T2*-weighted images were obtained immediately after transplantation and 40 days later before termination. The localization and dispersion of labeled cells could be effectively imaged and tracked at days 0 and 40 by MRI. Thus, under the described conditions, ferumoxytol can be used as a long-term, differentiation-neutral cell-labeling agent to track transplanted hESC-CPCs in vivo using MRI.SignificanceThe development of a safe and reproducible in vivo imaging technique to track the fate of transplanted human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells (hESC-CPCs) is a necessary step to clinical translation. An iron oxide nanoparticle (ferumoxytol)-based approach was used for cell labeling and subsequent in vivo magnetic resonance imaging monitoring of hESC-CPCs transplanted into uninjured pig hearts. The present results demonstrate the use of ferumoxytol labeling and imaging techniques in tracking the location and dispersion of cell grafts, highlighting its utility in future cardiac stem cell therapy trials.
Property (gab) through localized SVEP
Authors: Aiena Pietro , Triolo Salvatore 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this article we study the property (gab) for a bounded linear operator T 2 L(X) on a Banach space X which is a stronger variant of Browder’s theorem. We shall give several characterizations of property (gab). These characterizations are obtained by using typical tools from local spectral theory. We also show that property (gab) holds for large classes of operators and prove the stability of property (gab) under some commuting perturbations.