bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impurity convection reversal caused by edge localized turbulence for generating a stationary edge radiative layer in the HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Xue G.Q. , Zhong W.L. , Wang Z.X. , Zou X.L. , Gao J.M. , Ke R. , Zheng S. , Zhang X.R. , Fan D.M. , Guo W.P. , Han M.K. , He X.X. , Jiang M. , Li J.C. , Li Y.G. , Liang A.S. , Liu L. , Wang S.Q. , Wang T.B. , Wen J. , Xiao G.L. , Xu J.Q. , Yang Z.C. , Yin J. , Yu X. , Zhu Y.R. , Shi Z.B. , Xu M. ,   HL-2A team
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The effect of impurity on edge turbulence was investigated on the HL-2A tokamak using neon supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI). For the first time, a stationary radiative layer accompanied by edge localized turbulence (ELT) lasting more than 100 ms is observed at the edge region

ρ
=
0.7
∼
0.9

. This duration is much longer than the SMBI pulse length (1.2 ms), indicating that the impurity diffusion is on the whole canceled out by the impurity convection without spreading of the localized turbulence during this period. This implies that the impurity convection is reversed from the positive to the negative impurity density gradient region. This reversal could be explained by the parallel impurity compression mechanism. The observed turbulence is a broadband electrostatic turbulence (25–70 kHz) propagating in the electron diamagnetic drift direction with a normalized poloidal wavenumber of

0.1
⩽

k
θ

ρ

s

⩽
0.4

. It has been found that the excitation of the ELT strongly depends on the local collisionality

ν
∗

. This feature is qualitatively predicted by the spectral multiscale gyrokinetic turbulence simulation, which suggests that the turbulence could be a dissipative trapped electron mode. This experiment demonstrates that mutual interaction between externally injected impurity ions and edge turbulence can generate a stationary edge radiative layer and avoid impurity core accumulation. These results could provide a potential approach for the formation of a stable impurity radiative layer by impurity injection in tokamaks.
CEEMD-FFT-BiLSTM based model for power line loss prediction
Authors: Zhao Jianwen , Liu Ning , Ye Jun , Liu Cikui , Sun Fenggang , Lv Lili 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Line loss rate in transmission lines is an important and inevitable metric to directly affects the economy and efficiency of power supply, which exhibits characteristics of nonlinearity, non-stationary and randomness. To improve the prediction performance of line loss rate, in this paper, a prediction model for line loss based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD), fast Fourier transform (FFT), and bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM) is proposed, denoted as CEEMD-FFT-BiLSTM. The model first performs CEEMD to decompose raw signals into various intrinsic mode functions. FFT then transforms them from the time domain to the frequency domain. BiLSTM is used to learn the long-term dependence, extract features from the frequency domain, and finally achieve a prediction. Experimental results are provided to show that the prediction accuracy of the proposed prediction method is substantially improved, as compared to other methods such as BiLSTM and FFT-BiLSTM. Therefore, the proposed prediction model has a good predictive ability and can effectively improve the prediction accuracy.
Voltage quality improvement method based on adaptive power control of photovoltaic inverter
Authors: Yang Yan , Bo Wang , Wei Dai , Zhanpeng Xia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the increasing penetration rate of distributed photovoltaics in the distribution network in China, the energy pressure has been effectively alleviated. However, the voltage over-limit problem of its parallel outlets cannot be ignored. Therefore, this paper put forward a power control method with photovoltaic inverters which is adaptive. First, the principle of photovoltaic voltage overstepping the limit is analyzed, and second, an adaptive control tactic is brought up for the disturbance of the volatile load of photovoltaic output. Finally, combined with the analysis and verification of simulation examples, the results show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the voltage quality of the grid and prove the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
A reconstruction method for harmonic measurement in distribution networks based on equivalent harmonic source approach
Authors: Guo Yufeng , Yu Lei , Li Yiqing , Duan Shuyin , Li Chunjian , Liu Yinliang , He Zhiqiang , Liu Tong , Chen Huihuan , Chen Qianyi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In recent years, with a large number of nonlinear devices connected to the distribution network, harmonic problems have been inevitably generated during operation, which makes harmonic problems more complex in the distribution network. However, it is important to master the real-time harmonic level of the distribution network for the analysis and management of the harmonic problems in the grid. However, because of economic reasons and decentralized nodes, it is impractical to install a harmonic measurement device at each node in engineering. Moreover, it is important to know how to measure harmonics at important nodes in a distribution network using a limited number of measurement devices. Therefore, a harmonic measurement reconstruction method for distribution networks is proposed based on the equivalent harmonic source method. This method aims to obtain more harmonic source state information with a minimum economic cost. First, a mathematical model of the harmonic currents is established. Subsequently, an equivalent harmonic source method is proposed, and a harmonic reconstruction model based on the equivalent harmonic source method is presented. Finally, an example of an IEEE 14-node distribution network is used to verify the effectiveness of the equivalent harmonic source method.
Health assessment of wind turbine gearbox based on stacked auto-encoder
Authors: Wang Suo , Lu Nana , Lu Xingyi , Sun Qitao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Considering the intricate structure, challenging maintenance requirements, and the interdependent nature of the detection parameters within a wind turbine gearbox, this study employs a stacked auto-encoder model for the offline analysis and modeling of standard operational data from the gearbox. The deviation in health factors post-model reconstruction serves as a metric for monitoring the gearbox’s operational status, with the unit’s health score being derived from an enhanced encoder architecture.
Construction and application of static stability intelligent evaluator for large power grid from the perspective of knowledge graph
Authors: Yang Hongying , Zhao Gaoshang , Xianjin Lv , Li Zhang , Liu Daowei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Relying on information technology such as artificial intelligence, knowledge analysis on a large amount of high-dimensional real-time measurement and simulation information, and deep excavation of stable operation situations in the power grid are the core of real time intelligent security defense of large power grid. In this paper, from the perspective of the knowledge graph, considering the stability state evaluation index and optimizing control strategy information of different operation scenarios of power grid comprehensively, using the integration mechanism of information system and knowledge graph, the functional framework of intelligent evaluator for static stability in power grid is proposed, and an evaluator including static evaluation and decision-making, and general intelligent algorithm is designed. Introducing knowledge graph automation engine technology, visual display of intelligent evaluator for large power grid static stability is realized. An application case in a real power grid is given to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. The research work is helpful to regulate and control operators to grasp the operation situation and improve the efficiency of evaluation and decision-making of the power grid. It has positive exploration application value to improve the construction of intelligent active security defense systems online in large power grids.
Dynamic compensation study of distribution network harmonic reconstruction based on equivalent harmonic source method
Authors: Duan Shuyin , Zhang Fanbi , Yu Lei , Zheng Chao , Lin Xinhao , Cai Kunlun , Jin Qingren , Wang Wenhui , Wang Huiwen , Yang Yuantong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the rapid development of the power electronics industry, a number of nonlinear devices are connected to the power grid, and the grid voltage suffers from severe harmonic pollution. For the treatment of harmonic voltage, it is necessary to master the real-time harmonic level of the distribution network, which brings a huge challenge to the cost and maintenance of harmonic measurement devices. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a dynamic compensation method of distribution network harmonic reconstruction based on the equivalent harmonic source method. Firstly, an equivalent harmonic source method is proposed, which can be used to reconstruct the harmonic voltages and harmonic currents of important nodes in the distribution network in real time to provide data support for network-wide harmonic compensation. Also, an optimization method is proposed for the selection of measurement nodes. Moreover, based on the harmonic reconfiguration of the distribution network, the harmonic voltage in the distribution network is managed so that the harmonic distortion rate of the grid is reduced below the standard.
Optimizing Sample Preparation for Destructive Testing in Resistance Spot Welding
Authors: Alden Abd al al Sahm , Fodorné Cserépi Mariann , Gáspár Marcell , Meilinger Ákos 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The integrity and reliability of resistance spot welding, a crucial process in various manufacturing industries, are significantly influenced by the quality of sample preparation. This study focuses on advancing the methodologies and practices in the preparation of samples for resistance spot welding destructive tests, aiming to improve the precision and repeatability of the results. We discuss comprehensive approaches encompassing material selection, surface treatment, dimensional accuracy, and alignment procedures, emphasizing the importance of meticulous handling and preparation techniques, A significant focus is placed on the utilization of sophisticated alignment and measurement tools to enhance the consistency of the welding area subjected to destructive testing. our study demonstrates a significant improvement in the reliability and accuracy of welding machine calibration, ultimately contributing to the overall quality of the welding process. By integrating these refined processes, the study highlights a significant improvement in the reliability of welding tests, contributing to enhanced welding quality and performance in practical applications. Our findings underscore the critical role of detailed and standardized sample preparation in achieving accurate and reliable resistance spot welding destructive test outcomes, providing valuable insights for both industrial applications and further research in welding technology.
Comparative CFD Analysis of Angles of attack to increase aerodynamics properties
Authors: Cabral Scheffer Wellinton , Szakács Tamás 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the contemporary landscape, discussions of turbulence often lead to thoughts of incompressible fluids and their behaviour in nature. However, as the pursuit of energy efficiency and performance takes precedence in major aviation and automotive industries, safety and comfort remain achievable. Spoilers on sedan cars, designed to counteract lift and enhance grip, also increase drag. Aerofoils play a vital role in reducing drag while increasing lift force. This study compares three different angles of attack to identify the one that generates the best performance, based on its aerodynamic coefficients. In a world focused on ecological preservation and fuel efficiency, these studies become essential.
Neutron and photon calculations of beam shaping assembly for BNCT based on Monte Carlo-discrete ordinates coupled method
Authors: Rong B. , Wang B. , Li Z.F. , Wang J. , Shan D.Y. , Song H.B. , Peng W.T. , Zheng Q. , Liu R.R. , Wang S. , Yang H.X. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The radiation field parameters at the beam shaping assembly (BSA) exit port are the key to boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) treatment. However, obtaining calculation results with high efficiency and accuracy using only Monte Carlo (MC) method or discrete ordinates (SN) method is difficult. Based on NECP-MCX code and Marvin code, this paper implemented the Monte Carlo-discrete ordinates coupled method and applied this method to the calculation of the radiation field at the BSA exit port. The effect of mesh grid division, the order of quadrature set, and the bias of quadrature set on the results of the coupled calculation was studied. It was concluded that the order and bias of the quadrature set have not improved the coupled calculation results. It was found that the data library used in the SN calculation is the main cause. Therefore, the Monte Carlo-discrete ordinates coupled method can be quickly and accurately applied to the calculation of the radiation field at the BSA exit port by dividing the energy and coordinate intervals rationally and using a more suitable cross section library.
Influence of livelihood assets on biodiversity and household food security in tropical homegardens along urbanisation gradients
Authors: George Mary Ann , Eppinga Maarten Boudewijn , Ghazoul Jaboury , Biju Arathi , VC Fashid , AS Haris , Rejith Krishnadas , Fernandes Saniya Liz , Rajan Vandana , Santos Maria João 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
By 2050, 70% of the global population will reside in urban areas, raising concerns about food security and biodiversity loss. Tropical homegardens, a form of agroforestry, may have the potential to align concurrent demands for biodiversity conservation and food security in urban environments. Nevertheless, this depends on land-use decision-making strategies that are enabled by household livelihood assets. We examined which livelihood assets are associated with homegarden agrobiodiversity and food availability and accessibility in Kerala, India, the nature of these associations, and whether they vary along urbanisation gradients using data from 304 homegardens. We observed higher plant species richness closer to the urban centre and in smaller homegardens. Meanwhile, yields and share of household food consumption from homegardens tend to be higher farther away from urban centres. Assets like fertilizer use, irrigation and kinship affiliation are positively associated with both homegarden agrobiodiversity and food outcomes. Conversely, homegarden size is negatively associated with biodiversity outcomes across urbanisation gradients and positively associated with yield outcomes furthest away from urban centre. Some assets like family labour and farming association membership were only positively associated with food outcomes, while others like external labour availability were positively associated only with plant diversity in the urban centre. Overall, synergies between homegarden agrobiodiversity and household food security requires inputs to natural processes, such as irrigation and soil fertility, and social processes like knowledge sharing and social cohesion, especially in urban peripheries. We emphasize the relevance of homegardens and enhancing livelihood assets for food-secure households in biodiverse urban environments.
A bottom–up regional potential assessment of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage in Germany
Authors: Sadr Mohammad , Esmaeili Aliabadi Danial , Jordan Matthias , Thrän Daniela 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) is a bio-based Carbon Dioxide Removal Technology (CDR) undergoing detailed and comprehensive screening in many countries. The latest scientific reports emphasized that net-zero targets can not be achieved globally or nationally without deploying such technologies. Germany aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045, and negative emissions thereafter, which means a higher demand for CDRs. Despite BECCS being the building block of net-zero policies, its implementation on a national and regional scale presents serious challenges. Therefore, in this study, we analyze the role of BECCS in the German bioenergy system with a spatially detailed bottom–up optimization model that accounts for techno-economics and political aspects of BECCS (e.g. availability of biomass and investment costs). Our analysis demonstrates that BECCS can remove almost 61 Mt CO2 in 2050; however, the outcomes demonstrate sensitivity toward CO2 credit and CO2 prices, which can raise the removal as high as 69 Mt CO2. Additionally, results suggest that removing enough CO2 to achieve carbon neutrality in Germany by 2045 solely through BECCS seems extremely challenging; thus, a portfolio of negative emission technologies will be necessary to contribute. Our findings provide a better understanding of BECCS feasibility and its potential to assist us in achieving climate targets in Germany. Although we apply our model to Germany, the developed tool and insights are generic and can be applied to other countries.
Rapid detection of depression by volatile organic compounds from exhalation
Authors: Chen Tao , Jin Mengqi , Chen Liqing , Cai Xi Xuan , Huang Yilin , Shen Keqing , Li Yi , Chen Xing , Chen Liying 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Depression is a pervasive and often undetected mental health condition, which poses significant challenges for early diagnosis due to its silent and subtle nature. To evaluate exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as non-invasive biomarkers for the detection of depression using a virtual surface acoustic wave sensors array (VSAW-SA). A total of 245 participants were recruited from the Hangzhou Community Health Service Center, including 38 individuals diagnosed with depression and 207 control subjects. Breath samples were collected from all participants and subjected to analysis using VSAW-SA. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to assess the relationship between VOCs and depression. The findings revealed that the responses of virtual sensor ID 14, 44, 59, and 176, which corresponded respectively to ethanol, trichloroethylene or isoleucine, octanoic acid or lysine, and an unidentified compound, were sensitive to depression. Taking into account potential confounders, these sensor responses were utilized to calculate a depression detection indicator. It has a sensitivity of 81.6% and a specificity of 81.6%, with an area under the curve of 0.870 (95% CI = 0.816–0.923). Conclusions: exhaled VOCs as non-invasive biomarkers of depression could be detected by a VSAW-SA. Large-scale cohort studies should be conducted to confirm the potential ability of the VSAW-SA to diagnose depression.
Chemical vapor deposition of large-area ultrathin Cr3Te4 nanosheets with robust ferromagnetism
Authors: Yang Jiefu , Ng Jun Wen , Zhu Chao , Wu Yao , Shi Jiayu , Sun Ruijia , Tang Bijun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Chromium tellurides represent a novel class of two-dimensional ferromagnets with significant potential for advanced electronic applications, including spintronics and magnonics. Despite their promise, the fabrication of large-area samples remains a considerable challenge. In this study, we report a facile modification to the common ambient-pressure chemical vapor deposition setup that enables the synthesis of ultrathin Cr3Te4 nanosheets (6.4 nm thick) with lateral dimensions exceeding 100 μm. Our findings reveal that by tuning both the growth temperature and the distance between the precursor and substrate, the size and morphology of the synthesized Cr
x
Te
y
nanosheets were significantly impacted. The resulting large-size Cr3Te4, synthesized under 800 °C, exhibits robust ferromagnetism, with a Curie temperature reaching 178 K. This advancement in the preparation of large-area Cr3Te4 nanosheets opens new avenues for their integration into next-generation electronic devices.
Challenges and opportunities in upscaling inkjet-printing of OPV
Authors: Steinberger Marc , Xie Qingguang , Ronsin Olivier J J , Maisch Philipp , Tam Kai Cheong , Distler Andreas , Harting Jens , Brabec Christoph J , Egelhaaf Hans-Joachim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The power conversion efficiency and long-term stability of organic solar cells have increased tremendously over the past years, reaching up to 19.2% on research cells and 14.5% on large modules. To take the final step towards industrialization, fabrication methods that can be upscaled and directly implemented in industrial processes need to be developed. In recent years, well-known industrial techniques, like drop-on-demand inkjet printing, have been further developed within the organic photovoltaics (OPV) community, as it enables versatile printing of arbitrary, free-form organic solar modules with different colors-a key feature for modern building-integrated photovoltaics and several niche applications of OPV printed on any kind object. In this review, aside a brief summary of recent developments, we provide an overview of the biggest challenges in OPV inkjet-printing and define design rules to overcome these issues. Further perspectives of OPV inkjet-printing conclude the review.
The changing characteristics of torrential rainfall in the Huaihe River Basin from 1961 to 2020
Authors: Li Chang , Zhao Liang , Li Qingquan , Shen Xinyong , Xiao Ziniu , Duan Chunfeng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Huaihe River Basin (HRB) is one of the most severely affected regions by torrential rain disasters in China. However, with climate warming, it is unclear what new features torrential rain exhibits and how the main modes of torrential rain change in this region. This study analyzes the first two modes of torrential rain in the HRB from 1961 to 2020 and their driving factors. Results show that in the last 30 years, the frequency of torrential rain events in the HRB has clearly increased, especially in southern HRB region during the flood season. The first mode of torrential rain is an entire basin-wide mode, with a period of 2–3 years. The mode is primarily influenced by the low-level westerly jet stream and Jianghuai cyclones, which are closely linked to the stratospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) through influencing planetary wave propagation and convective activity under different phases of QBO. The second mode is a north-south distribution mode, with a period of 4–6 years. The leading circulation system is the frontal systems. Both the East Asia/Pacific (EAP) teleconnection wave train and ENSO drive the second torrential rain mode. During El Niño years, anomalous subsidence and anticyclone in the western tropical Pacific, induced by sea surface temperature warming in the eastern tropical Pacific through the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection, can trigger the EAP wave train poleward in the East Asian region. This wave train leads to the cold-warm confrontation conducive to the second torrential rain mode.