bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Planting Methods and Nutrition on Yield of Three Rice Varieties
Authors: Samim Noor Ahmad , Ghafoori M. Salim 
Published: October 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important cereal crop. The effect of planting methods and nutrition on the yield of three rice varieties was assessed under the greenhouse. Factorial experiment, three cultivation methods [dry direct seeding (DDS), wet direct seeding (WDS) and transplantation (TP)], three nutrient levels, [100% inorganic, 50% inorganic +50% organic and 100% organic], and three rice varieties (Pathumthani-1, RD57, and RD41) was considered with the layout of completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Moreover, yield and yield components data were collected from the rice plant. ANOVA was carried with IRRISTAT 5.0. The result showed that 100% inorganic level had more productive tiller than the other two levels. 50% inorganic +50% organic under DDS method, 100% organic under WDS and 100% inorganic under TP method had performed well on filled grain per panicle. However, all varieties suffered from the nutrient deficit under the TP method which caused high unfilled grain under 100% inorganic and 50% inorganic+50% organic and 100% organic levels were decreased by 21.05 under the DDS method. Finally, seed weight was high for Pathumthani-1vareity with no significant difference among the variety, but RD57 reduced by 13.88% under WDS than the TP method and no difference was found for RD41 under TP and WDS methods. The yield of Pathumthani-1 variety was increased by 22% under TP than WDS and DDS methods. The nutrient level has no significant differences on grain yield of RD41 variety. RD57 grain yield was high under TP and DDS methods and no significant difference was found for RD41 under TP and WDS methods of cultivation.
Tierno Monénembo, l’histoire et la crise du temps
Authors: Uwe Christian 
Published: October 2024

La publication, en 1995, de Pelourinho marque un élargissement de l’univers romanesque de Monénembo, aussi bien dans l’espace que dans le temps, grâce à l’exploration de la question de la traite négrière. Depuis, de nombreuses oeuvres de l’auteur dissèquent l’histoire mondiale du continent africain, c’est-à-dire la confrontation des Africains avec les idées, les cultures et les acteurs politiques venus d’ailleurs (islam, christianisme, colonialisme, traite). Avec ce tournant, Monénembo se fait le chroniqueur d’une « crise du temps », crise aux multiples strates dont les personnages n’ont pas toujours conscience et qui affecte pourtant le cours de leurs destins individuel et collectif. Cet article étudie la façon dont l’auteur sonde cette crise dans Pelourinho et dans Peuls (2004). Il développe notamment l’idée que l’accélération du temps observable dans ces deux romans sous-tend un tragique de l’Histoire qui s’inscrit jusque dans le corps et l’intimité des personnages.
Comparative genomics reveals that loss of lunatic fringe (LFNG) promotes melanoma metastasis
Authors: Del Castillo Velasco‐Herrera Martin , van der Weyden Louise , Nsengimana Jeremie , Speak Anneliese O. , Sjöberg Marcela K. , Bishop David Timothy , Jönsson Göran , Newton‐Bishop Julia , Adams David J. 
Published: November 2017

Metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with advanced melanoma, yet the somatic alterations that aid tumour cell dissemination and colonisation are poorly understood. Here, we deploy comparative genomics to identify and validate clinically relevant drivers of melanoma metastasis. To do this, we identified a set of 976 genes whose expression level was associated with a poor outcome in patients from two large melanoma cohorts. Next, we characterised the genomes and transcriptomes of mouse melanoma cell lines defined as weakly metastatic, and their highly metastatic derivatives. By comparing expression data between species, we identified lunatic fringe (LFNG), among 28 genes whose expression level is predictive of poor prognosis and whose altered expression is associated with a prometastatic phenotype in mouse melanoma cells. CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knockout of Lfng dramatically enhanced the capability of weakly metastatic melanoma cells to metastasise in vivo, a phenotype that could be rescued with the Lfng cDNA. Notably, genomic alterations disrupting LFNG are found exclusively in human metastatic melanomas sequenced as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas. Using comparative genomics, we show that LFNG expression plays a functional role in regulating melanoma metastasis.
Rupture Process During the Mw 8.1 2017 Chiapas Mexico Earthquake: Shallow Intraplate Normal Faulting by Slab Bending
Authors: Okuwaki R. , Yagi Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA seismic source model for the Mw 8.1 2017 Chiapas, Mexico, earthquake was constructed by kinematic waveform inversion using globally observed teleseismic waveforms, suggesting that the earthquake was a normal‐faulting event on a steeply dipping plane, with the major slip concentrated around a relatively shallow depth of 28 km. The modeled rupture evolution showed unilateral, downdip propagation northwestward from the hypocenter, and the downdip width of the main rupture was restricted to less than 30 km below the slab interface, suggesting that the downdip extensional stresses due to the slab bending were the primary cause of the earthquake. The rupture front abruptly decelerated at the northwestern end of the main rupture where it intersected the subducting Tehuantepec Fracture Zone, suggesting that the fracture zone may have inhibited further rupture propagation.
Incident Spine Surgery in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Secondary Cohort Analysis of a Nationwide, Population‐Based Health Claims Database
Authors: Lu Ming‐Chi , Koo Malcolm , Lai Ning‐Sheng 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of the need for spine surgery, including cervical and lumbar spine surgeries in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), compared with those without the disease.MethodsA secondary data analysis was conducted using population‐based claims data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Adult patients with newly diagnosed AS between January 2000 and December 2012 were identified based on the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 720.0. A comparison cohort was assembled using frequency‐matched sex, 10‐year age intervals, and index year with the AS cohort at a ratio of 5:1. All patients were followed until our study outcomes (any spine surgery, cervical spine surgery, and lumbar spine surgery), based on surgical codes, had occurred, or until the end of the followup period. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated using Poisson regression models.ResultsWe identified 3,462 patients with AS and 17,310 patients without AS. All 3 outcome variables were seen at a significantly higher incidence in the AS cohort than in the comparison cohort (IRR 2.34 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.92–2.87] for any spine surgery, IRR 2.36 [95% CI 1.55–3.59] for cervical spine surgery, and IRR 2.33 [95% CI 1.85–2.93] for lumbar spine surgery). Moreover, the magnitudes of the IRRs were the largest in the youngest age group (individuals in their 20s and 30s).ConclusionPatients with AS, particularly those in their 20s and 30s, had a significantly higher risk of needing any spine surgery, cervical spine surgery, and lumbar spine surgery, compared with patients without AS.
Mussel‐Inspired Adhesive and Conductive Hydrogel with Long‐Lasting Moisture and Extreme Temperature Tolerance
Authors: Han Lu , Liu Kezhi , Wang Menghao , Wang Kefeng , Fang Liming , Chen Haiting , Zhou Jie , Lu Xiong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractConductive hydrogels are a promising class of materials to design bioelectronics for new technological interfaces with human body, which are required to work for a long‐term or under extreme environment. Traditional hydrogels are limited in short‐term usage under room temperature, as it is difficult to retain water under cold or hot environment. Inspired by the antifreezing/antiheating behaviors from nature, and based on mussel chemistry, an adhesive and conductive hydrogel is developed with long‐lasting moisture lock‐in capability and extreme temperature tolerance, which is formed in a binary‐solvent system composed of water and glycerol. Polydopamine (PDA)‐decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are incorporated into the hydrogel, which assign conductivity to the hydrogel and serve as nanoreinforcements to enhance the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. The catechol groups on PDA and viscous glycerol endow the hydrogel with high tissue adhesiveness. Particularly, the hydrogel is thermal tolerant to maintain all the properties under extreme wide tempreature spectrum (−20 or 60 °C) or stored for a long term. In summary, this mussel‐inspired hydrogel is a promising material for self‐adhesive bioelectronics to detect biosignals in cold or hot environments, and also as a dressing to protect skin from injuries related to frostbites or burns.
Fluorinated Polyimide as a Novel High‐Voltage Binder for High‐Capacity Cathode of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Pham Hieu Quang , Kim Gwansu , Jung Hyun Min , Song Seung‐Wan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn increase in the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries has long been a competitive advantage for advanced wireless devices and long‐driving electric vehicles. Li‐rich layered oxide, xLi2MnO3∙(1−x)LiMn1−y−zNiyCozO2, is a promising high‐capacity cathode material for high‐energy batteries, whose capacity increases by increasing charge voltage to above 4.6 V versus Li. Li‐rich layered oxide cathode however suffers from a rapid capacity fade during the high‐voltage cycling because of instable cathode–electrolyte interface, and the occurrence of metal dissolution, particle cracking, and structural degradation, particularly, at elevated temperatures. Herein, this study reports the development of fluorinated polyimide as a novel high‐voltage binder, which mitigates the cathode degradation problems through superior binding ability to conventional polyvinylidenefluoride binder and the formation of robust surface structure at the cathode. A full‐cell consisting of fluorinated polyimide binder‐assisted Li‐rich layered oxide cathode and conventional electrolyte without any electrolyte additive exhibits significantly improved capacity retention to 89% at the 100th cycle and discharge capacity to 223–198 mA h g−1 even under the harsh condition of 55 °C and high charge voltage of 4.7 V, in contrast to a rapid performance fade of the cathode coated with polyvinylidenefluoride binder.
Effects of air vents on the flow of reacting polyurethane foam in a refrigerator cavity
Authors: Özdemir İ. Bedii , Pahlavani Hamed 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe transport equations for momentum, enthalpy, and chemical species are solved to simulate the reactive flow of polyurethane foam in a refrigerator cavity. The chemical reactions are described by a mechanism with four reactions and eight species. The numerical findings are also supported by dimensional arguments, which lead to important design attributes. Results prove that the model can be used not only to predict the flow features during the expansion of a multi‐component foam, but also to determine the locations and the size of the air vents to avoid air bubbles trapped during the solidification process. It appears that the distribution of the vent holes must be evenly balanced around the cabinet cavity, where the larger holes must be located at positions far from the injector. To prevent the formation of large air voids, which cannot reach the vent holes by the action of gravity, there must be additional holes located on the lower surfaces of the cavity to purge the air trapped.
The Eastern side of the Westernmost Europeans: Insights from subclades within Y‐chromosome haplogroup J‐M304
Authors: Manco Licínio , Albuquerque Joana , Sousa Maria Francisca , Martiniano Rui , de Oliveira Ricardo Costa , Marques Sofia , Gomes Verónica , Amorim António , Alvarez Luís , Prata Maria João 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesWe examined internal lineages and haplotype diversity in Portuguese samples belonging to J‐M304 to improve the spatial and temporal understanding of the introduction of this haplogroup in Iberia, using the available knowledge about the phylogeography of its main branches, J1‐M267 and J2‐M172.MethodsA total of 110 males of Portuguese descent were analyzed for 17 Y‐chromosome bi‐allelic markers and seven Y‐chromosome short tandem repeats (Y‐STR) loci.ResultsAmong J1‐M267 individuals (n = 36), five different sub‐haplogroups were identified, with the most common being J1a2b2‐L147.1 (∼72%), which encompassed the majority of representatives of the J1a2b‐P58 subclade. One sample belonged to the rare J1a1‐M365.1 lineage and presented a core Y‐STR haplotype consistent with the Iberian settlement during the fifth century by the Alans, a people of Iranian heritage. The analysis of J2‐M172 Portuguese males (n = 74) enabled the detection of the two main subclades at very dissimilar frequencies, J2a‐M410 (∼80%) and J2b‐M12 (∼20%), among which the most common branches were J2a1(xJ2a1b,h)‐L26 (22.9%), J2a1b(xJ2a1b1)‐M67 (20.3%), J2a1h‐L24 (27%), and J2b2‐M241 (20.3%).ConclusionsWhile previous inferences based on modern haplogroup J Y‐chromosomes implicated a main Neolithic dissemination, here we propose a later arrival of J lineages into Iberia using a combination of novel Portuguese Y‐chromosomal data and recent evidence from ancient DNA. Our analysis suggests that a substantial tranche of J1‐M267 lineages was likely carried into the Iberian Peninsula as a consequence of the trans‐Mediterranean contacts during the first millennium BC, while most of the J2‐M172 lineages may be associated with post‐Neolithic population movements within Europe.
Olfactory loss in chronic rhinosinusitis is associated with neuronal activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase
Authors: Victores Andrew J. , Chen Mengfei , Smith Amy , Lane Andrew P. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundOlfactory inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is associated with cytokines that may result in the death of olfactory sensory neurons. The principal signaling molecules involved in the apoptotic pathway are c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNK). Although the JNK pathway has emerged as a key player in programmed cell death in neuroinflammation, its specific role in CRS‐associated olfactory loss has not been thoroughly investigated.MethodsJNK activation was studied in human tissue samples from 9 control and 11 CRS patients by immunohistochemical staining for phosphorylated c‐Jun. A mouse model of inducible olfactory cytokine expression was used to experimentally control inflammation and assess JNK activation over time.ResultsIn patients with CRS, activation of c‐Jun is significantly increased relative to non‐CRS control subjects, and there is an associated loss of sensory neurons. In the olfactory inflammation mouse model, prolonged induction of inflammation results in elevation of c‐Jun expression and neuronal apoptosis.ConclusionActivation of neuronal JNK is a feature of chronic olfactory inflammation that is associated with neuronal apoptosis. Given that inhibition of JNK activity is neuroprotective in other settings, antagonism of this pathway may have therapeutic potential in the management of inflammatory olfactory loss or other disorders linked to olfactory neuronal apoptosis.
Unity‐Order Nonlinear Optical Index Change in Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Composite Materials of Gain Media and Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Kwang‐Hyon 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis work reports giant optical nonlinearity of active gain composites containing metal nanoparticles. In the epsilon‐near‐zero regime, the effective index of the composite strongly depends on the magnitude of host material's saturable gain and one can obtain unity‐order nonlinear optical index change for the pump with gain saturation intensity. For pump intensity of about 100 kW/cm2, the nonlinear refractive index (the refractive index change per unit pump intensity) reaches 10−5 cm2/W, which is 6–8 orders‐of‐magnitude larger than the records recently obtained in epsilon‐near‐zero bulk materials. If the gain value of the host medium is slightly larger than a critical value, such large optical nonlinearity can be obtained without loss or even accompanying with amplification. The proposed materials also have the advantage of wide tunability of operating wavelength range from visible to infrared by changing the gain value of the host and the shape parameters and filling factors of metal nanoparticles.
Development of biodegradable PLA/PBT nanoblends
Authors: Santos Luiza Gouvêa , Costa Lidiane Cristina , Pessan Luiz Antonio 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PLA/PBT) blends with 3, 5, and 10 wt % of PBT were produced in a twin‐screw extruder, with the addition of ethylene–glycidyl methacrylate copolymer as compatibilizer. An uncompatibilized PLA/PBT blend with 5 wt % of PBT was prepared for comparison studies. The epoxy reactive groups in the compatibilizer allowed modification of the interfacial tension in the blends and reduced the PBT dimensions. The crystallinity of the blends was studied, and its influence on mechanical properties was analyzed. Tensile tests showed an increase in strain at break from 3% for neat PLA to 49% for PLA with 3 wt % PBT, while the tensile modulus dropped from 3.59 GPa to 3.35 GPa for the same samples. Izod results showed a transition from a brittle behavior of PLA to a ductile one for compatibilized blends. These results indicate that the nanometer‐size dispersed phase was effective in changing the deformation behavior of the matrix without a significant loss of modulus. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45951.
Thermoresponsive and biocompatible poly(vinyl alcohol)‐graft‐poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide) copolymer: Microwave‐assisted synthesis, characterization, and swelling behavior
Authors: Işıklan Nuran , Kazan Hacer 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTNovel thermoresponsive poly(vinyl alcohol)‐graft‐poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide) (PVA‐g‐PDEAAm) copolymers were prepared by microwave‐assisted graft copolymerization using a potassium persulfate/N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine (KPS/TEMED) initiator system. The structures of PVA‐g‐PDEAAm copolymers were characterized by 1H‐NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetric analysis, gel permeation chromatography, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of various process parameters on grafting were systematically studied: microwave power, KPS, monomer and PVA concentrations, and ultraviolet irradiation. Under optimal conditions, the maximum grafting percent and graft efficiency were 101% and 93%, respectively. Furthermore, a lower critical temperature of copolymers was measured in the range 29–31 °C by ultraviolet spectroscopy. The swelling behavior of graft membranes was carried out at various temperatures, and the results showed that the swelling behavior of membranes was dependent on the temperature. In vitro cell culture studies using L929 fibroblast cells confirmed cell compatibility with the PVA‐g‐PDEAAm copolymer and its membrane, making them an attractive candidate for drug delivery systems. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45969.
Effect of vinyl and phenyl group content on the physical and dynamic mechanical properties of HVBR and SSBR
Authors: Hua Jing , Liu Kai , Wang Zhaobo , Geng Jieting , Wang Xin 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTHigh‐vinyl polybutadiene rubber (HVBR) and solution‐polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber (SSBR) can meet the requirements of high‐performance tires due to their excellent wet skid resistance and lower rolling resistance. In this paper, the effects of the vinyl and phenyl groups and their contents on the vulcanization behavior, mechanical strength, fatigue resistance, heat resistance, and wear resistance of HVBR and SSBR were investigated, and the dynamic viscoelasticities of HVBR and SSBR vulcanizates with or without carbon black were explored by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The experimental results showed that the vinyl groups contributed more to the wear resistance and fatigue resistance of vulcanizates than the phenyl groups, but the phenyl groups contributed more to the mechanical strength of the vulcanizates than the vinyl groups. The DMA results showed that the vinyl and phenyl groups could significantly improve the road‐gripping capability and wet skid resistance of HVBR and SSBR vulcanizates, but carbon black could slightly weaken the effect of vinyl and phenyl groups on the wet skid resistance of vulcanizates, and the effect of carbon black on vinyl groups was more significant. Despite the presence of carbon black, the phenyl groups contributed more heat buildup to the vulcanizates than the vinyl groups. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45975.
Effect of carbon nanotube on PA6/ECO composites: Morphology development, rheological, and thermal properties
Authors: Esmizadeh Elnaz , Irani Abdollah , Naderi Ghasem , Ghoreishy Mir Hamid Reza , Dobious Charles 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThermoplastic elastomer (TPE) nanocomposites based on polyamide‐6 (PA6)/poly(epichlorohydrin‐co‐ethylene oxide) (ECO)/multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) were prepared by melt compounding process. Different weight ratios of ECO (20, 40, and 60 wt %) and two kinds of functionalized and non‐functionalized MWCNTs were employed to fabricate the nanocomposites. The morphological, rheological, and mechanical properties of MWCNTs‐filled PA6/ECO blends were studied. The scanning electron microscopy of PA6/ECO blends showed that the elastomer particles, ECO, are well‐dispersed within the PA6 matrix. The significant improvement in the dispersibility of the carboxylated carbon nanotubes (COOH‐MWCNTs) compared to that of non‐functionalized MWCNTs (non‐MWCNTs) was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy images. The tensile modulus of samples improved with the addition of both types of MWCNTs. However, the effect of COOH‐MWCNTs was much more pronounced in improving mechanical properties of PA6/ECO TPE nanocomposites. Crystallization results demonstrated that the MWCNTs act as a nucleation agent of the crystallization process resulted in increased crystallization temperature (Tc) in nanocomposites. Rheological characterization in the linear viscoelastic region showed that complex viscosity and a non‐terminal storage modulus significantly increased with incorporation of both types of MWCNTs particularly at low frequency region. The increase of rheological properties was more pronounced in the presence of carboxylic (COOH) functional groups, in the other words by addition of COOH‐MWCNTs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45977.
White‐light‐emitting hybrid film from fluorescent hyperbranched poly(amido amine)
Authors: Yang Wen , Wang Xiaomin , Wang Shengnan , Hao Wentao 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe flexible, strong, and tough white‐light‐emitting (WLE) hybrid films are highly demanded in large‐scale displays, including TV sets, monitors, and electronic interactive devices. In this work, a kind of WLE hybrid film was fabricated from hyperbranched poly(amido amine) (HPAMAM) and nanoclay with the incorporation of riboflavin (VB2) and rhodamine B (RhB). The fluorescence emission of HPAMAM was partially absorbed and effectively transferred into green and red color, which combined into a bright white light with the residue blue fluorescence. Due to the alignment of nanoclay inside the HPAMAM matrix, in addition to the strong interaction among the HPAMAM molecules and that between HPAMAM and nanoclay, this hybrid film shows to be strong and tough. The mechanical strength is about 20 MPa and the elongation is about 30%. It is convinced that this hybrid film is promising in flexible large‐scale displays. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46015.