bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracheobronchomalacia is common in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia—A case note review
Authors: Kennelly Synne S. , Hovland Vegard , Matthews Iren Lindbak , Reinholt Finn P. , Skjerven Håvard , Heimdal Ketil , Crowley Suzanne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe estimated prevalence of tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) in children is about 1:2100. Prevalence of intrathoracic malacia is higher in children with chronic lung disease such as bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis (CF) and may contribute to increased morbidity.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and assess clinical features of tracheomalacia (TM), TBM and bronchomalacia (BM) in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).MethodsWe performed a retrospective case‐note review of all children with a confirmed or highly likely diagnosis of PCD attending Oslo University Hospital between 2000 and 2021. We selected those who had undergone flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) and in whom the presence of TBM was assessed. We retrieved demographic and clinical data, including airway symptoms, PCD‐diagnostic criteria, indication for bronchoscopy, the presence of lobar atelectasis, microbiology and the descriptive and unblinded video‐recorded results of FB. Complications occurring during and after bronchoscopy were noted.ResultsOf 71 children with PCD, 32 underwent FB and were included in the review. The remaining 39 were included for TBM prevalence calculation only. Median age at FB was 6.0 years (3.1–11.9). Twenty‐two children (69%) had intrathoracic airway malacia. Four (13%) had isolated TM, seven (22%) had TBM, and 11 (34%) had isolated BM affecting either main (n = 4) or lobar bronchi (n = 7) (LBM), including four with associated lobar atelectasis. FB related complications, one major, 12 minor, were documented in 13 children (41%).ConclusionWe found a high prevalence of TBM among children with PCD undergoing FB. This may represent a significant comorbidity and have implications for patient management.
HYDIN variants cause primary ciliary dyskinesia in the Finnish population
Authors: Burgoyne Thomas , Fassad Mahmoud R. , Schultz Rüdiger , Elenius Varpu , Lim Jacqueline S. Y. , Freke Grace , Rai Ranjit , Mohammed Mai A. , Mitchison Hannah M. , Sironen Anu I. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by chronic respiratory tract infections and in some cases laterality defects and infertility. The symptoms of PCD are caused by malfunction of motile cilia, hair‐like organelles protruding out of the cell. Thus far, disease causing variants in over 50 genes have been identified and these variants explain around 70% of all known cases. Population specific genetics underlying PCD has been reported highlighting the importance of characterizing gene variants in different populations for development of gene‐based diagnostics and management.MethodsWhole exome sequencing was used to identify disease causing variants in Finnish PCD cohort. The effect of the identified HYDIN variants on cilia structure and function was confirmed by high‐speed video analysis, immunofluorescence and electron tomography.ResultsIn this study, we identified three Finnish PCD patients carrying homozygous loss‐of‐function variants and one patient with compound heterozygous variants within HYDIN. The functional studies showed defects in the axonemal central pair complex. All patients had clinical PCD symptoms including chronic wet cough and recurrent airway infections, associated with mostly static airway cilia.ConclusionOur results are consistent with the previously identified important role of HYDIN in the axonemal central pair complex and improve specific diagnostics of PCD in different national populations.
Mesoscale explorer: Visual exploration of large‐scale molecular models
Authors: Rose Alexander , Sehnal David , Goodsell David S. , Autin Ludovic 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe advent of cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) and cryo‐electron tomography (cryo‐ET), coupled with computational modeling, has enabled the creation of integrative 3D models of viruses, bacteria, and cellular organelles. These models, composed of thousands of macromolecules and billions of atoms, have historically posed significant challenges for manipulation and visualization without specialized molecular graphics tools and hardware. With the recent advancements in GPU rendering power and web browser capabilities, it is now feasible to render interactively large molecular scenes directly on the web. In this work, we introduce Mesoscale Explorer, a web application built using the Mol* framework, dedicated to the visualization of large‐scale molecular models ranging from viruses to cell organelles. Mesoscale Explorer provides unprecedented access and insight into the molecular fabric of life, enhancing perception, streamlining exploration, and simplifying visualization of diverse data types, showcasing the intricate details of these models with unparalleled clarity.
A close examination of BCRP's role in lactation and methods for predicting drug distribution into milk
Authors: Sychterz Caroline , Shen Hong , Zhang Yueping , Sinz Michael , Rostami‐Hodjegan Amin , Schmidt Brian J. , Gaohua Lu , Galetin Aleksandra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBreastfeeding is the most complete nutritional method of feeding infants, but several impediments affect the decision to breastfeed, including questions of drug safety for medications needed during lactation. Despite recent FDA guidance, few labels provide clear dosing advice during lactation. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK) is well suited to mechanistically explore pharmacokinetics and dosing paradigms to fill gaps in the absence of extensive clinical studies and complement existing real‐world data. For lactation‐focused PBPK (Lact‐PBPK) models, information on system parameters (e.g., expression of drug transporters in mammary epithelial cells) is sparse. The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is expressed on the apical side of mammary epithelial cells where it actively transports drugs/substrates into milk (reported milk: plasma ratios range from 2 to 20). A critical review of BCRP and its role in lactation was conducted. Longitudinal changes in BCRP mRNA expression have been identified in women with a maximum reached around 5 months postpartum. Limited data are available on the ontogeny of BCRP in infant intestine; however, data indicate lower BCRP abundance in infants compared to adults. Current status of incorporation of drug transporter information in Lact‐PBPK models to predict active secretion of drugs into breast milk and consequential exposure of breast‐fed infants is discussed. In addition, this review highlights novel clinical tools for evaluation of BCRP activity, namely a potential non‐invasive BCRP biomarker (riboflavin) and liquid biopsy that could be used to quantitatively elucidate the role of this transporter without the need for administration of drugs and to inform Lact‐PBPK models.
Relationship between vertical variation of cloud microphysical properties and thickness of the entrainment interfacial layer in Physics of Stratocumulus Top stratocumulus clouds
Authors: La Inyeob , Yum Seong Soo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study examines the vertical variations of cloud microphysics and their correlation with the thickness of the entrainment interfacial layer (EIL) in stratocumulus clouds, observed in the Physics of Stratocumulus Top (POST) aircraft measurement campaign. From the mixing fraction analysis, we identified EIL between the free atmosphere and cloud top for all 15 POST flights, and found that EIL thickness significantly influenced the vertical variation of cloud microphysics and thermodynamics. In several flights, a trend toward stronger homogeneous mixing traits with increasing depth from the cloud top was found, indicative of the vertical movement of mixed (i.e., entrainment‐affected and diluted) parcels. However, in one flight, this trend was limited to the middle part of the cloud only, with the correlation between virtual potential temperature and liquid water content being strongly negative near the cloud top, suggesting limited downward movement of mixed parcels. Another important finding is that there was a robust negative correlation between long‐wave cooling rate near the cloud top and EIL thickness, highlighting differences in radiative cooling rates between mixed and unmixed parcels due to differences in liquid water content between them. These insightful findings will be crucial for enhancing our understanding of the role of EIL in modulating entrainment and the vertical movement of mixed parcels in stratocumulus clouds.
Cross‐administrative solutions for sustainable development: The case of the Watertown Hub
Authors: Zhai Jun , Shen Jiamin , Ge Nannan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWater‐abundant regions face challenges due to urbanization and development, which pose threats to local water networks and the environment. Fragmented water network management and administrative boundaries hinder cross‐administrative collaboration and ecological conservation. This study presents a framework centered around the “Watertown Hub” concept, which focuses on integrated ecological and green development, fostering multifunctional, shared spaces for coordinated management in the Watertown region of the Yangtze River Delta, China. By leveraging landscape infrastructure and ecological sensitivity assessment, shared spaces are established beyond administrative boundaries, promoting cross‐administrative coordination, management, and resource integration. The approach effectively balances the protection of basin ecology and economic development, mitigates water system fragmentation, and addresses environmental concerns. It enhances regional communication, connectivity, and sustainability. Although the focus is on China's Jiangnan region, this research provides insights applicable to other water‐rich areas in South Asia and beyond, fostering cross‐administrative ecological coordination and sustainable development amidst urbanization pressures.
Nonparametric Biomarker Based Treatment Selection With Reproducibility Data
Authors: Byers Sara , Song Xiao 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWe consider evaluating biomarkers for treatment selection under assay modification. Survival outcome, treatment, and Affymetrix gene expression data were attained from cancer patients. Consider migrating a gene expression biomarker to the Illumina platform. A recent novel approach allows a quick evaluation of the migrated biomarker with only a reproducibility study needed to compare the two platforms, achieved by treating the original biomarker as an error‐contaminated observation of the migrated biomarker. However, its assumptions of a classical measurement error model and a linear predictor for the outcome may not hold. Ignoring such model deviations may lead to sub‐optimal treatment selection or failure to identify effective biomarkers. To overcome such limitations, we adopt a nonparametric logistic regression to model the relationship between the event rate and the biomarker, and the deduced marker‐based treatment selection is optimal. We further assume a nonparametric relationship between the migrated and original biomarkers and show that the error‐contaminated biomarker leads to sub‐optimal treatment selection compared to the error‐free biomarker. We obtain the estimation via B‐spline approximation. The approach is assessed by simulation studies and demonstrated through application to lung cancer data.
Anchoring Bimetal Zinc–Aluminum Sites on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Catalyst for Efficient Conversion of CO2 Into Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Li Wanchang , Wang Shuo , Huang Yifei , Fan Limao , Zhang Lei , Huang Kai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe design and synthesis of efficient carbon‐based materials incorporating multifunctional sites is prospective technology for converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into high‐value chemicals. Here, nitrogen‐doped carbon catalysts (ZnAl‐NC) with bimetal zinc–aluminum sites were synthesized using nitrogen‐rich polyaniline (PANI) and ZnAl‐LDH through hydrothermal and in situ pyrolysis methods. ZnAl‐NC‐400, in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), exhibited excellent catalytic activity without solvent, achieving high yields (97.2% or 98.5%) in the cycloaddition of CO2 with propylene oxide (PO) under traditional or mild conditions. NH3‐TPD and CO2‐TPD results indicated that the enhanced catalytic activity resulted from the acid–base synergistic effect, involving Lewis acid sites from Zn and Al species and abundant Lewis base sites from the PANI matrix. The impact of calcination temperature on catalyst morphology, structure, and performance was investigated, along with catalyst recycling and adaptability to various epoxides. This work presents an efficient catalyst for CO2 conversion and suggests new approaches for designing catalytic sites in carbon‐based catalysts for CO2 capture and utilization.
Construction of “Metal Defect/Oxygen Defect Junction” in ZnFe2O4–NiCo2O4 Heterostructures for Enhancing Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zheng Jingxuan , Meng Dapeng , Guo Junxin , Zhang Anyu , Wang Zhao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDefect engineering is a promising approach to improve the conductivity and increase the active sites of transition metal oxides used as catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, when metal defects and oxygen defects coexist closely within the same crystal, their compensating charges can diminish the benefits of both defect structures on the catalyst's local electronic structure. To address this limitation, a novel strategy that employs the heterostructure interface of ZnFe2O4–NiCo2O4 to spatially separate the metal defects from the oxygen defects is proposed. This configuration positions the two types of defects on opposite sides of the heterojunction interface, creating a unique structure termed the “metal‐defect/oxygen‐defect junction”. Physical characterization and simulations reveal that this configuration enhances electron transfer at the heterostructure interface, increases the oxidation state of Fe on the catalyst surface, and boosts bulk charge carrier concentration. These improvements enhance active site performance, facilitating hydroxyl adsorption and deprotonation, thereby reducing the overpotential required for the OER.
Revealing Defect Passivation and Charge Extraction by Ultrafast Spectroscopy in Perovskite Solar Cells through a Multifunctional Lewis Base Additive Approach
Authors: Majhi Tanushree , Sridevi M. , Jain Sanyam , Kumar Mahesh , Singh Rajiv K. 
Published: September 2024

Defect passivation inside the crystal lattice and the grain‐boundary (GB) surface of the perovskite films has become the most effective strategy to suppress the negative impact of the nonradiative recombination in perovskite solar cell. In this study, a unique approach to effectively passivate the defect states of MAPbI3 perovskite thin film using thionicotinamide (TNM) as a multifunctional Lewis base additive is demonstrated. TNM as an additive with three different types of Lewis base sites, i.e., pyridine, amino, and CS functional groups, is introduced to mitigate the trap states in the TNM‐modified perovskite films and thoroughly investigate the passivation defects. The nonbonded electron of the three different Lewis base sites can synergistically passivate the antisite lead (Pb) defects and improve the stability of the device. In addition, the NH2 group can form ionic bonds with negatively charged I– ions and inhibit ion migration caused by them. It is found that such passivation effect of TNM reduces the GB defects and improves the crystallinity significantly. As a result, a champion TNM‐modified device shows an improved power conversion efficiency of 19.26% from 16.86% along with enhanced open‐circuit voltage, fill factor, and negligible hysteresis.
“Powered by emotions”: Exploring emotion induction in out‐of‐school authentic science learning
Authors: Yonai Ella , Blonder Ron 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study explored the impact of authentic out‐of‐school learning on students' beliefs about their science learning efficacy and career aspirations. The learning activity, designed following an authentic learning framework, was led by research scientists. We examined how students' emotions, induced in an authentic scientific activity, mediated the connection between the perceived authenticity and the self‐efficacy/aspiration beliefs. Data were gathered from 177 secondary science students participating in an out‐of‐school activity using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Three questionnaires were applied: (1) Perceived authenticity (Post, 7 items, Likert scale); (2) Semantic differential emotion questionnaire (SDEQ) (Pre‐Post, 5 items); and (3) Beliefs questionnaire in two parts: Self‐efficacy and science aspirations (pre‐post, 7 + 5 items, Likert scale). The collected data were integrated into quantitative models of affect with authenticity as an independent variable, the differences in the pre‐post belief structures as the dependent variable, and the emotions as mediators. Multiple regression analyses were performed to develop the models by evaluating the size and significance of the relationships between the variables. The results indicated the perceived authenticity significantly predicted both self‐efficacy and the career aspiration pre‐post differences. However, emotions behaved as a mediating variable only for self‐efficacy growth. An additional model evaluated the connection between students' emotions learning science in school and their experience of authenticity and emotions in the out‐of‐school activity. The study contributes to the literature by revealing underlying affective mechanisms related to out‐of‐school authentic science activities and suggesting theoretical and empirical justifications.
Perspectives on the clinical use of anti‐amyloid therapy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Insights from the fields of cancer, rheumatology, and neurology
Authors: Jicha Gregory A. , Abner Erin L. , Coskun Elif P. , Huffmyer Mark J. , Tucker Thomas C. , Nelson Peter T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe advent of disease‐modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has raised many questions and debates in the field as to the clinical benefits, risks, and costs of such therapies. The controversies have resulted in the perception that many clinicians are apprehensive about prescribing these medications to their patient populations. There also remains widespread uncertainty as to the economic impact, cost benefit ratio, and safety oversight for use of these medications in standard clinical care settings.MethodsTo contextualize such issues, the present study compared anti‐amyloid biologic therapy (lecanemab) to four commonly used biologic agents in other fields, including trastuzumab for breast cancer, bevacizumab for lung cancer, etanercept for rheumatoid arthritis, and ocrelizumab for multiple sclerosis.ResultsThe data presented demonstrate comparable costs, clinical benefits, and risks for these biologic agents in their disparate disease states.DiscussionThese results provide context for the costs, clinical benefits, and safety regarding the mainstream use of anti‐amyloid biologic agents for the prevention of cognitive loss. While the era of disease‐modifying therapies for AD is now in its infancy, there is an expectation that these discoveries will be followed by improved therapies and combination treatments leading to greater efficacy in ameliorating the clinical trajectory of AD.Highlights
Anti‐amyloid therapy costs are comparable to other commonly used biologics.
Anti‐amyloid therapy efficacy is comparable to other commonly used biologics.
Anti‐amyloid therapy safety is compatible with other commonly used biologics.
Exploring sustainable solutions: Utilizing recycled coffee grounds as a new bio‐adsorbent material for removal of Pb(II) ions from water
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Anh , Oanh Doan Thi Yen , Nguyen Thi Thu Phuong , Nguyen Manh Ha , Nguyen Thi Huong , Bui Thi Thu Trang , Nguyen Ngoc Thanh , Nguyen Minh Viet , Nguyen Quang Tung , Hoang Thanh Duc 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the potential of utilizing spent coffee grounds (SCG) treated with Ca(OH)2 as an adsorbent for the removal of lead (Pb(II)) ions from aqueous solutions. The SCG was subjected to sequential treatments, including washing, drying, sieving, and immersion in Ca(OH)2 solutions of varying concentrations. Adsorption experiments were conducted under different conditions to evaluate the efficiency of the adsorbent, including variations in contact time, solution pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and initial Pb(II) ion concentration. Characterization of the SCG before and after treatment was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed significant changes in the structural properties of the SCG after treatment with Ca(OH)2, leading to enhanced adsorption performance. The adsorption experiments demonstrated that the efficiency of Pb(II) ion removal was influenced by factors such as contact time, solution pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and initial Pb(II) ion concentration. Optimal conditions for maximum adsorption efficiency were identified as a contact time of 270 min, pH 6, adsorbent dosage of 1 g, and temperature of 313 K, resulting in a maximum adsorption capacity qmax of 18.69 mg g−1. The highest desorption rate was observed using HNO3, measured at 90.6%. The reusability efficiency of the adsorbent material was 87.98% in the first use, decreased to 75.41% after five reuses, and further reduced to 39.96% after ten reuses, indicating a decline in performance with repeated use. These findings highlight the potential of SCG as an effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent for the removal of potentially toxic elements from aqueous solutions.
Metastatic cholangiocarcinoma in a cow presenting as suspect bovine tuberculosis in Ireland
Authors: Schoening Janne M. , McAloon Conor G. , Jahns Hanne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumour of bile duct epithelial cells, an uncommon primary hepatic neoplasm in cattle. A 9‐year‐old Simmental cow presented with watery diarrhoea, crusty skin lesions, loss of appetite and hepatomegaly. Suspecting severe liver disease, the cow was euthanased due to poor prognosis. During gross postmortem examination, large numbers of multifocal to coalescing nodules often with soft necrotic centres ranging from miliary to 7 cm in size were present in the liver, lung, mesentery, peritoneum and lymph nodes. These features were suggestive of bovine tuberculosis. However, direct tissue smears stained by Ziehl Neelsen stain were negative for the presence of acid‐fast bacteria, and subsequent histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations confirmed the presence of metastasizing cholangiocarcinoma. This case reminds clinicians and pathologists to keep an open mind during the diagnostic process and serves to highlight the value of histopathology in diagnosing seemingly characteristic gross lesions.
Oncology Nursing in the UAE
Authors: Nyakotyo Lois 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe United Arab Emirates (UAE) has a healthcare system comprised of private and public organizations. Oncology services are rapidly expanding in the private sector, with investment in oncologists and surgeons trained in the USA or the United Kingdom. However, there is minimal investment in oncology nurses, as there is a lack of recognition of specialist nursing roles and no UAE framework for developing and training oncology nurses. This chapter explores the current state of oncology nursing in the UAE and the areas for development to ensure that UAE oncology nursing practice is recognized as a specialist area on par with international standards.