bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NqrM (DUF539) Protein Is Required for Maturation of Bacterial Na
+
-Translocating NADH:Quinone Oxidoreductase
Authors: Kostyrko Vitaly A. , Bertsova Yulia V. , Serebryakova Marina V. , Baykov Alexander A. , Bogachev Alexander V. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Na
+
-translocating NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (Na
+
-NQR) catalyzes electron transfer from NADH to ubiquinone in the bacterial respiratory chain, coupled with Na
+
translocation across the membrane. Na
+
-NQR maturation involves covalent attachment of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) residues, catalyzed by flavin transferase encoded by the
nqr
-associated
apbE
gene. Analysis of complete bacterial genomes has revealed another putative gene (
duf539
, here renamed
nqrM
) that usually follows the
apbE
gene and is present only in Na
+
-NQR-containing bacteria. Expression of the
Vibrio harveyi
nqr
operon alone or with the associated
apbE
gene in
Escherichia coli
, which lacks its own Na
+
-NQR, resulted in an enzyme incapable of Na
+
-dependent NADH or reduced nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinucleotide (dNADH) oxidation. However, fully functional Na
+
-NQR was restored when these genes were coexpressed with the
V. harveyi
nqrM
gene. Furthermore,
nqrM
lesions in
Klebsiella pneumoniae
and
V. harveyi
prevented production of functional Na
+
-NQR, which could be recovered by an
nqrM
-containing plasmid. The Na
+
-NQR complex isolated from the
nqrM
-deficient strain of
V. harveyi
lacks several subunits, indicating that
nqrM
is necessary for Na
+
-NQR assembly. The protein product of the
nqrM
gene, NqrM, contains a single putative transmembrane α-helix and four conserved Cys residues. Mutating one of these residues (Cys33 in
V. harveyi
NqrM) to Ser completely prevented Na
+
-NQR maturation, whereas mutating any other Cys residue only decreased the yield of the mature protein. These findings identify NqrM as the second specific maturation factor of Na
+
-NQR in proteobacteria, which is presumably involved in the delivery of Fe to form the (Cys)
4
[Fe] center between subunits NqrD and NqrE.

IMPORTANCE
Na
+
-translocating NADH:quinone oxidoreductase complex (Na
+
-NQR) is a unique primary Na
+
pump believed to enhance the vitality of many bacteria, including important pathogens such as
Vibrio cholerae
,
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
,
Haemophilus influenzae
,
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
,
Pasteurella multocida
,
Porphyromonas gingivalis
,
Enterobacter aerogenes
, and
Yersinia pestis
. Production of Na
+
-NQR in bacteria requires Na
+
-NQR-specific maturation factors. We earlier identified one such factor (ApbE) that covalently attaches flavin residues to Na
+
-NQR. Here we identify the other protein factor, designated NqrM, and show that NqrM and ApbE suffice to produce functional Na
+
-NQR from the
Vibrio harveyi
nqr
operon. NqrM may be involved in Fe delivery to a unique Cys
4
[Fe] center during Na
+
-NQR assembly. Besides highlighting Na
+
-NQR biogenesis, these findings suggest a novel drug target to combat Na
+
-NQR-containing bacteria.
Epidemiology, quality and reporting characteristics of meta-analyses of observational studies published in Chinese journals
Authors: Zhang Zhe-wen , Cheng Juan , Liu Zhuan , Ma Ji-chun , Li Jin-long , Wang Jing , Yang Ke-hu 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the epidemiological and reporting characteristics as well as the methodological quality of meta-analyses (MAs) of observational studies published in Chinese journals.Methods5 Chinese databases were searched for MAs of observational studies published from January 1978 to May 2014. Data were extracted into Excel spreadsheets, and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) checklists were used to assess reporting characteristics and methodological quality, respectively.ResultsA total of 607 MAs were included. Only 52.2% of the MAs assessed the quality of the included primary studies, and the retrieval information was not comprehensive in more than half (85.8%) of the MAs. In addition, 50 (8.2%) MAs did not search any Chinese databases, while 126 (20.8%) studies did not search any English databases. Approximately 41.2% of the MAs did not describe the statistical methods in sufficient details, and most (95.5%) MAs did not report on conflicts of interest. However, compared with the before publication of the MOOSE Checklist, the quality of reporting improved significantly for 20 subitems after publication of the MOOSE Checklist, and 7 items of the included MAs demonstrated significant improvement after publication of the AMSTAR Checklist (p<0.05).ConclusionsAlthough many MAs of observational studies have been published in Chinese journals, the reporting quality is questionable. Thus, there is an urgent need to increase the use of reporting guidelines and methodological tools in China; we recommend that Chinese journals adopt the MOOSE and AMSTAR criteria.
Do shorter delays to care and mental health system renewal translate into better occupational outcome after mental disorder diagnosis in a cohort of Canadian military personnel who returned from an Afghanistan deployment?
Authors: Boulos David , Zamorski Mark A 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveMental disorders in military personnel result in high rates of attrition. Military organisations have strengthened their mental health systems and attempted to overcome barriers to care in order to see better outcomes. This study investigated the roles of mental health services renewal and delay to care in Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel diagnosed with mental disorders.DesignAdministrative data were used to identify a retrospective cohort of 30 513 CAF personnel who deployed in support of the mission in Afghanistan. Study participants included 508 individuals with a mental disorder diagnosis identified from CAF medical records of a weighted, stratified random sample of 2014 individuals selected from the study cohort. Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression assessed the association of diagnosis era and delay to care with the outcome, after controlling for a broad range of potential confounders (eg, disorder severity, comorbidity). Taylor series linearisation methods and sample design weights were applied in generating descriptive and regression analysis statistics.Primary outcomeThe outcome was release from military service for medical reasons, assessed using administrative data for the 508 individuals with a mental disorder diagnosis.Results17.5% (95% CI 16.0% to 19.0%) of the cohort had a mental disorder diagnosis after an Afghanistan-related deployment, of which 21.3% (95% CI 17.2% to 25.5%) had a medical release over a median follow-up of 3.5 years. Medical release risk was elevated for individuals diagnosed before 30 April 2008 relative to those with recent diagnoses (adjusted HR (aHR)=1.77 (95% CI 1.01 to 3.11)) and for individuals with a long delay to care (>21 months after return) relative to those with intermediate delays (8–21 months, aHR 2.47=(95% CI 1.28 to 4.76)).ConclusionsMental health services renewal in the CAF was associated with a better occupational outcome for those diagnosed with mental disorders. Longer delays to care were associated with a less favourable outcome.
Deepening our Understanding of Quality in Australia (DUQuA): a study protocol for a nationwide, multilevel analysis of relationships between hospital quality management systems and patient factors
Authors: Taylor Natalie , Clay-Williams Robyn , Hogden Emily , Pye Victoria , Li Zhicheng , Groene Oliver , Suñol Rosa , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: December 2015

IntroductionDespite the growing body of research on quality and safety in healthcare, there is little evidence of the association between the way hospitals are organised for quality and patient factors, limiting our understanding of how to effect large-scale change. The ‘Deepening our Understanding of Quality in Australia’ (DUQuA) study aims to measure and examine relationships between (1) organisation and department-level quality management systems (QMS), clinician leadership and culture, and (2) clinical treatment processes, clinical outcomes and patient-reported perceptions of care within Australian hospitals.Methods and analysisThe DUQuA project is a national, multilevel, cross-sectional study with data collection at organisation (hospital), department, professional and patient levels. Sample size calculations indicate a minimum of 43 hospitals are required to adequately power the study. To allow for rejection and attrition, 70 hospitals across all Australian jurisdictions that meet the inclusion criteria will be invited to participate. Participants will consist of hospital quality management professionals; clinicians; and patients with stroke, acute myocardial infarction and hip fracture. Organisation and department-level QMS, clinician leadership and culture, patient perceptions of safety, clinical treatment processes, and patient outcomes will be assessed using validated, evidence-based or consensus-based measurement tools. Data analysis will consist of simple correlations, linear and logistic regression and multilevel modelling. Multilevel modelling methods will enable identification of the amount of variation in outcomes attributed to the hospital and department levels, and the factors contributing to this variation.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained. Results will be disseminated to individual hospitals in de-identified national and international benchmarking reports with data-driven recommendations. This ground-breaking national study has the potential to influence decision-making on the implementation of quality and safety systems and processes in Australian and international hospitals.
The relationships between rugby players’ tackle training attitudes and behaviour and their match tackle attitudes and behaviour
Authors: Hendricks Sharief , den Hollander Steve , Tam Nicholas , Brown James , Lambert Michael 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundThe tackle event in rugby is a technical and physical contest between opposing players. A player's ability to tolerate and contest during a tackle is a prerequisite for safe participation and success in rugby. Little is known about the relationship between tackle training and tackling in matches in rugby union. Therefore, we investigated the relationships between players’ training attitudes and behaviour and their match attitudes and behaviour for tackling in rugby union.MethodA questionnaire was designed to assess attitude (importance) and behaviours (frequency and quantity) among junior (under 19) players on a 5-point Likert Scale. Questionnaires were handed out to 220 players (10 schools) at a tournament and 75% (9 schools, n=164) were returned for analysis. Associations between training attitudes and behaviours were tested using the χ2test, Cramer's V and τ-b.ResultsThe more time spent on emphasising proper technique to prevent injuries in training, the more important players rated ‘own safety’ (τ-b=0.21, moderate, z=3.1, p<0.01), ‘going for the ball only’ (τ-b=0.27, moderate, z=4.6, p<0.001) and ‘staying on feet’ (τ-b=0.23, moderate, z=3.6, p<0.001) in match play. The more time spent on emphasising proper technique to improve performance in training, the more important players rated actions ‘going for ball only’ (τ-b=0.23, moderate, z=3.7, p<0.001) and ‘preventing the ball carrier from retaining position’ (τ-b=0.20, moderate, z=3.1, p<0.01) in match play.ConclusionsThis is the first study to report on the relationships between players’ training attitudes and behaviour and their match attitudes and behaviours for tackling in rugby union. The importance of tackle training to prevent injury, and the amount of time spent on technique to prevent injuries, was associated with behaviours that reduce the risk of injury in matches.
A review of key national reports to describe the development of paramedic education in England (1966–2014)
Authors: Brooks Ingrid Ann , Cooke Matthew , Spencer Caroline , Archer Frank 
Published: December 2015

IntroductionIn the year 1966, important advances in mobile coronary care and trauma care in the UK and USA influenced globally the development of modern prehospital emergency services and paramedic education. In that year, to meet the evolving role of prehospital care in the UK, the ‘Millar Report’ specified a new syllabus for ambulance personnel in England. As the 50th anniversary of this report approaches, this paper reviews key national UK reports to describe the development of paramedic education in England over this period.MethodsA hand search of documents available and a Google search identified documents in the public domain. MEDLINE and CINAHL Plus were searched for peer-reviewed publications. Thematic analysis was used to identify descriptive themes.ResultsOf the 83 reports and 431 articles screened, 33 documents met our inclusion criteria. We identified four historical periods in English paramedic education: development of paramedic education (1966–1996); paramedic role changes influencing education (1997–2004); paramedic education level changes and the emergency care practitioner (2005–2008); and paramedic education for the future (2010–2014). Our discussion of four descriptive themes: government authority and policy, influence of health professions, quality assurance and development of the paramedic profession includes comparisons with paramedic education in the USA and Australia.ConclusionsPolitical reform agendas and initiatives and advances in clinical medicine largely shaped paramedic roles and education in England. The degree to which the paramedic profession initiated education development is difficult to determine from the literature. Overall, a nationally coherent standard for paramedic education in England needed five decades to develop and mature.
Childhood household dysfunction, school performance and psychiatric care utilisation in young adults: a register study of 96 399 individuals in Stockholm County
Authors: Björkenstam Emma , Dalman Christina , Vinnerljung Bo , Weitoft Gunilla Ringbäck , Walder Deborah J , Burström Bo 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundExposure to childhood household dysfunction increases the risk of psychiatric morbidity. Although school performance also has been linked with psychiatric morbidity, limited research has considered school performance as a mediating factor. To address this gap in the literature, the current register study examined whether school performance mediates the association between childhood household dysfunction (experienced between birth and age 14 years) and psychiatric care utilisation in young adulthood.MethodsWe used a Swedish cohort of 96 399 individuals born during 1987–1991. Indicators of childhood household dysfunction were familial death, parental substance abuse and psychiatric morbidity, parental somatic disease, parental criminality, parental separation/single-parent household, public assistance recipiency and residential instability. Final school grades from the 9th year of compulsory school were used to create five categories. Estimates of risk of psychiatric care utilisation (measured as inpatient, outpatient and primary care) after the age of 18 years were calculated as HRs with 95% CIs. Mediation was tested with the bootstrap approach.ResultsCumulative exposure to childhood household dysfunction was positively associated with psychiatric care utilisation. Specifically, individuals exposed to three or more indicators with incomplete school grades had the highest risk (HR=3.7 (95% CI 3.3 to 4.1) after adjusting for demographics), compared to individuals exposed to no indicators with highest grades. School performance was found to mediate the relationship.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that future efforts to prevent or mitigate the negative effects of childhood household dysfunction on psychiatric morbidity may benefit from integration of strategies that improve school performance among vulnerable youth.
Fit-for-work or fit-for-unemployment? Does the reassessment of disability benefit claimants using a tougher work capability assessment help people into work?
Authors: Barr B , Taylor-Robinson D , Stuckler D , Loopstra R , Reeves A , Wickham S , Whitehead M 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundMany governments have introduced tougher eligibility assessments for out-of-work disability benefits, to reduce rising benefit caseloads. The UK government initiated a programme in 2010 to reassess all existing disability benefit claimants using a new functional checklist. We investigated whether this policy led to more people out-of-work with long-standing health problems entering employment.MethodWe use longitudinal data from the Labour Force Survey linked to data indicating the proportion of the population experiencing a reassessment in each of 149 upper tier local authorities in England between 2010 and 2013. Regression models were used to investigate whether the proportion of the population undergoing reassessment in each area was independently associated with the chances that people out-of-work with a long-standing health problem entered employment and transitions between inactivity and unemployment. We analysed whether any effects differed between people whose main health problem was mental rather than physical.ResultsThere was no significant association between the reassessment process and the chances that people out-of-work with a long-standing illness entered employment. The process was significantly associated with an increase in the chances that people with mental illnesses moved from inactivity into unemployment (HR=1.22, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.45).ConclusionsThe reassessment policy appears to have shifted people with mental health problems from inactivity into unemployment, but there was no evidence that it had increased their chances of employment. There is an urgent need for services that can support the increasing number of people with mental health problems on unemployment benefits.
Imaging of the heart: historical perspective and recent advances
Authors: Lam W C , Pennell D J 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Correct diagnosis must be made before appropriate treatment can be given. The aim of cardiac imaging is to establish cardiac diagnosis as accurate as possible and to avert unnecessary invasive procedures. There are many different modalities of cardiac imaging and each of them has advanced tremendously throughout the past decades. Echocardiography, as the first-line modality in most clinical circumstances, has progressed from two-dimensional, single-planed M-mode in the 1960s to three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography nowadays. Cardiac computed tomography angiogram (CCTA) has revolutionised the management of coronary artery disease as it allows clinicians to visualise the coronary arteries without performing an invasive angiogram. Because of the high negative predictive value, CCTA plays an important reassuring role in acute chest pain management. The greatest strength of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is that it provides information in tissue characterization. It is the modality of choice in assessing myocardial viability and myocardial infiltration such as haemochromatosis or amyloidosis. Each of these modalities has its own strengths and limitations. In fact, they are complementing each other in different clinical settings. Cardiac imaging will continue to advance and, not long from now, we will not need invasive procedures to make an accurate cardiac diagnosis.
Explaining the Better Prognosis of Screening-Exposed Breast Cancers: Influence of Tumor Characteristics and Treatment
Authors: Massat Nathalie J. , Sasieni Peter D. , Tataru Daniela , Parmar Dharmishta , Cuzick Jack , Duffy Stephen W. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background: In England, population mammographic screening has been offered to women for over 20 years. Overall decrease in breast cancer mortality rates and improvements in cancer awareness and organization of medical care over this period call for a more current evaluation of the mediators behind the better prognosis of screening-exposed breast cancers.
Methods: A case–control study was conducted within the English National Breast Screening Program. Women who died from primary breast cancer in 2008 to 2009 were matched (by year of birth, screening invitation, and area) to controls that received a diagnosis of invasive breast cancer at the time of the case diagnosis but survived the case death. Data were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression with adjustment for matching factors.
Results: The unadjusted OR for dying from breast cancer associated with ever having attended breast screening was 0.44 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.33–0.58]. After adjustment for lead time, overdiagnosis, and self-selection, the OR increased to 0.69 (95% CI, 0.50–0.94). Adjusting for tumor size, lymph node status, stage, grade, histopathology, and laterality accounted for all the screening effect (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.71–1.40). Further adjustment for treatment factors only had a minimal impact on the OR (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.72–1.45).
Conclusions: Our results suggest that earlier diagnosis, as reflected by tumor characteristics, remains the major mediator of the improvement in breast cancer survival due to participation in mammographic screening.
Impact: Mammographic screening continues to prevent breast cancer–related deaths in the epoch of adjuvant systemic therapy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(3); 479–87. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Massat et al., p. 455
An Immunogenetic Signature of Ongoing Antigen Interactions in Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma Expressing IGHV1-2*04 Receptors
Authors: Bikos Vasilis , Karypidou Maria , Stalika Evangelia , Baliakas Panagiotis , Xochelli Aliki , Sutton Lesley-Ann , Papadopoulos George , Agathangelidis Andreas , Papadopoulou Evdoxia , Davis Zadie , Algara Patricia , Kanellis George , Traverse-Glehen Alexandra , Mollejo Manuela , Anagnostopoulos Achilles , Ponzoni Maurilio , Gonzalez David , Pospisilova Sarka , Matutes Estella , Piris Miguel Angel , Papadaki Theodora , Ghia Paolo , Rosenquist Richard , Oscier David , Darzentas Nikos , Tzovaras Dimitrios , Belessi Chrysoula , Hadzidimitriou Anastasia , Stamatopoulos Kostas 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Prompted by the extensive biases in the immunoglobulin (IG) gene repertoire of splenic marginal-zone lymphoma (SMZL), supporting antigen selection in SMZL ontogeny, we sought to investigate whether antigen involvement is also relevant post-transformation.
Experimental Design: We conducted a large-scale subcloning study of the IG rearrangements of 40 SMZL cases aimed at assessing intraclonal diversification (ID) due to ongoing somatic hypermutation (SHM).
Results: ID was identified in 17 of 21 (81%) rearrangements using the immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV)1-2*04 gene versus 8 of 19 (40%) rearrangements utilizing other IGHV genes (P = 0.001). ID was also evident in most analyzed IG light chain gene rearrangements, albeit was more limited compared with IG heavy chains. Identical sequence changes were shared by subclones from different patients utilizing the IGHV1-2*04 gene, confirming restricted ongoing SHM profiles. Non-IGHV1-2*04 cases displayed both a lower number of ongoing SHMs and a lack of shared mutations (per group of cases utilizing the same IGHV gene).
Conclusions: These findings support ongoing antigen involvement in a sizable portion of SMZL and further argue that IGHV1-2*04 SMZL may represent a distinct molecular subtype of the disease. Clin Cancer Res; 22(8); 2032–40. ©2015 AACR.