bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple near-monostatic Mueller polarimeter
Authors: Field Nathaniel J. , Shaw Joseph A. 
Published: September 2024

Inferring material properties from active or passive polarimetric remote sensing requires knowledge of the polarized bidirectional reflectance distribution function (P-BRDF). To encourage and simplify the process of measuring the P-BRDF of materials in the monostatic or near-monostatic configurations seen in lidar and other active remote sensing systems, we describe the design, build, and operating procedure for a simple near-monostatic polarimeter. The described system operates at 1064 nm and with a transmitter-receiver separation of about 4°, but the design principles, alignment procedure, and measurement procedure can be directly applied to systems at other wavelengths or separation angles. Also included are the control and data analysis software for the instrument we deployed, and a small selection of retrievals from the instrument.
On the ratios and the logarithms of dark colors in image processing
Authors: Lee Hsien-Che , Lee Joyce F. 
Published: September 2024

In image processing and color science, colors are often specified by their luminance and chromaticity (such as Yxy). Chromaticities are color ratios, which can be difficult to compute reliably due to noise, when the tristimulus values are small, e.g., for dark colors. A detailed statistical analysis of ratio distributions shows that below a certain signal/noise ratio, the computed color ratios are very noisy and often wrong. This contrasts with human vision, where a given chromaticity viewed at high luminance will appear to the viewer as having a distinct color, but when that same chromaticity is viewed at low luminance, it will be seen as dark and almost hue-less. Therefore, dark color processing can take advantage of the perceptual characteristics to avoid producing excessive color noise and unnatural colors. In this study, we perform a detailed analysis of ratio distributions and propose a method to handle dark colors in image processing, using a logarithmic-like transformation (called plog) that maps dark colors to reduced excitation purity. A color ratio 0/0 is mapped to 1 (as the neutral). The plog transformation removes the singularity of the logarithmic transformation and allows us to estimate and process the ratios of dark colors in a manner consistent with human color perception without increasing color noise. It also offers the additional benefit of reducing the dynamic range of dark colors for tone reproduction.
The Impact of Job Automation On Workers In Indonesia’s Garment Companies
Authors: Pita Ardanareswari Ayu , Ariyani Luthfina , Indraprahasta Galuh Syahbana 
Published: September 2024

<p>J<span lang="EN-US">Job automation through the adoption of more advanced technologies under the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) has significantly impacted many countries, including Indonesia. In particular, the abundance of Indonesia’s human resources, given the country’s demographic bonus, is challenged by the skills of workers. In this study, our departure is the potential conflict of the human-technology nexus in Indonesia’s garment industry, a labor-intensive line of industry. The objectives of this study are twofold. First, it aims to dissect the multi-level factors in the adoption of Industry 4.0 technology in Indonesia’s garment industry. Second, it aims to understand the impact of job automation on labor-intensive workers in Indonesia’s garment industry. Based on a number of semi-structured interviews supported by relevant secondary data, this study reveals that multi-level factors do affect the adoption of Industry 4.0 technology and its entailing shift in workers’ utilization in Indonesia’s garment industry. Instead of replacing workers, Indonesia’s garment companies tend to utilize technology as a complementary element. However, there is a need to shift the state of industrial workers, in terms of their mindset and skills</span> </p><p> </p>Keywords: Job Automation, Garment Industry, Labour Intensive, Indonesia
Characterization of a Halostable Metalloprotease from the Halophilic Bacterium Bacillus clausii J1G-0%B
Authors: Febriyanti Annisa Dila , Asy'ari Mukhammad 
Published: September 2024

Protein plays a crucial role as a biocatalyst in various industries, particularly in breaking down proteins into amino acids. The demand for proteases capable of functioning under extreme conditions, such as high salinity, temperature, and pH, is increasing. To address this, the exploration of bacteria that produce stable proteases in such environments is essential. Bacillus clausii J1G-0%B, a halophilic bacterium isolated from Madura salt ponds, thrives in salinity levels of 0-20% NaCl. This study aims to obtain and characterize the protease produced by Bacillus clausii J1G-0%B, focusing on its activity and stability under extreme conditions. The research involved screening, production, and purification of the protease using ammonium sulfate fractionation and dialysis. Protease activity was measured using the Kunitz method, and protein content was determined using the Lowry method. Characterization included optimizing enzymatic conditions (pH, temperature, NaCl concentration), identifying metalloprotease types, and analyzing enzyme kinetics and thermodynamics. The study successfully produced protease using a halophilic medium with casein and 5% NaCl. After 96 hours of incubation, the protease exhibited a specific activity of 654.737 U/mg. Optimal activity was observed at pH 7, 50°C, and 10% NaCl, with stability between 2.5% and 15% NaCl concentration. Enzyme kinetics revealed a high affinity for casein, with a KM value of 0.164 mg/mL and Vmax of 13.182 µmol/mL·min. Thermodynamic analysis indicated high stability, as shown by a positive ΔGi value (+105.84 kJ/mol), a low inactivation constant (ki = 0.0031 min-1), and a long half-life (t½ = 223.548 minutes). EDTA chelation tests confirmed that the protease is a metalloprotease. The halostable protease from Bacillus clausii J1G-0%B shows significant potential for industrial applications and bioremediation in high-salinity environments.
Long living human-machine systems in construction and production enabled by digital twins
Authors: Vogel-Heuser Birgit , Hartl Fandi , Wittemer Moritz , Zhao Jingyun , Mayr Andreas , Fleischer Martin , Prinz Theresa , Fischer Anne , Trauer Jakob , Schroeder Philipp , Goldbach Ann-Kathrin , Rothmeyer Florian , Zimmermann Markus , Bletzinger Kai-Uwe , Fottner Johannes , Daub Rüdiger , Bengler Klaus , Borrmann André , Zaeh Michael F. , Wudy Katrin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the industrial sector, products evolve significantly over their operational life. A key challenge has been maintaining precise, relevant engineering data. This paper explores the digital twin concept, merging engineering and operational data to enhance product information updates. It examines digital twin applications in construction, material flow, manufacturing and production, citing battery production and additive manufacturing. Digital twins aid in analyzing, experimenting with, and refining a system’s design and its operation, offering insights across product and system lifecycles. This includes tackling data management and model-data consistency challenges, as well as the recognition of synergies. This paper emphasizes sustainable, efficient management of engineering information, reflecting shifts in product longevity and documentation in industrial products and machinery.
The role of an ontology-based knowledge backbone in a circular factory
Authors: Hofmann Constantin , Staab Steffen , Selzer Michael , Neumann Gerhard , Furmans Kai , Heizmann Michael , Beyerer Jürgen , Lanza Gisela , Pfrommer Julius , Düser Tobias , Klein Jan-Felix 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In a circular factory, new products are produced reusing parts from used products, as well as newly manufactured parts. The production system consists of disassembly, testing as well as assembly steps. Due to the unforeseeable conditions of the used parts, the complexity of such a circular factory is challenging. This paper contributes a concept of an ontology-based knowledge backbone to master the challenges of such a circular factory. The concept addresses the representation of knowledge especially taking into account uncertainty, how to design queries and means to detect similarities and analogies. Furthermore, the role of research data management with automatized workflows as a supplier for FAIR data is elaborated.
Managing uncertainty in product and process design for the circular factory
Authors: Heizmann Michael , Beyerer Jürgen , Dietrich Stefan , Hoffmann Luisa , Kaiser Jan-Philipp , Lanza Gisela , Roitberg Alina , Stiefelhagen Rainer , Stricker Nicole , Wexel Helena , Zanger Frederik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the circular factory, uncertain attributes of object instances and process steps are found at diverse occasions. Even if uncertainty can also be found to some extent in linear production, the high variation of product attributes of used objects causes the process steps in the circular factory to generate a much higher variability of the properties of the objects handled in circular processes. In consequence, a methodology is needed to model, handle and manage uncertainties at all relevant situations within the circular factory. In contrast to linear production, the uncertainty of attributes cannot be extended to an object class (with the same production history), but must be assigned to each object instance (with its own history) individually. In this contribution, the basic concepts for managing uncertainty in the circular factory are introduced. As a common basis, probabilities are used to express uncertainty, thus being compatible with the traditional and proven concepts of measurement science and stochastics. To describe the individual information state of object instances, it is complemented with a joint probability distribution describing all relevant object attributes. Some examples for processes within the circular factory demonstrate how uncertainty is considered to manage the uncertainty related challenges of used objects.
Bibliographic bias and information-density sampling
Authors: Robbers Maja , Hammarström Harald 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the present paper, we discuss the bibliographical limits for commonplace typological studies and address how to estimate the resources available for an in-depth study using a full-text corpus of grammatical descriptions, considering different metalanguages, temporal stages of description, theoretical perspectives, and quality of grammatical descriptions. In a case study on motion, we illustrate the above perspectives and show how computer-assisted sampling using large-scale keyword searches for information-dense descriptions is a time-saving resource for the linguistic researcher to create genealogically independent samples. The measures discussed in this study allow for a better appraisal of the state of existing information for typological studies, but the problem of wider access to rare publications remains a significant challenge.
One place, many worlds – nutrition strategies of human groups inhabiting the site 3 in Miechów (southern Poland) since the Neolithic until the Iron Age
Authors: Mnich Barbara , Szostek Krzysztof , Nowak Oskar , Rodzińska-Nowak Judyta , Przybyła Marcin M. , Marcinkowska-Swojak Małgorzata , Nowak Marek 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Studies on the ratios of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen constitute a research tool commonly applied in bioarchaeology to reconstruct human diets, including the origins of proteins consumed, the relationship between plant and animal foods, weaning processes, and parameters of the environment from which the food was obtained. Within the comprehensive analysis of the excavation results carried out at site 3 in Miechów (approximately 30 km north of Kraków), isotope analyses of δ13C and δ15N were performed on the human groups that inhabited the site from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. In total, 41 skeletons were investigated. The analyses aimed to hypothesise the nutritional strategies of communities of successive periods and to compare the knowledge obtained with current data and interpretations on food management in prehistoric communities of Central Europe. The results indicate a general predominance of a terrestrial diet, with plant-based foods prevailing, although not conspicuously. However, there are indications of slightly varying nutritional strategies among successive human groups. These differences are related to the contribution of animal protein and the relationship between C3 and C4 plants. For instance, in the Middle Neolithic (4th millennium BC), a greater consumption of meat and/or cereals from manured fields can be postulated compared to the Early Neolithic (late 6th and 5th millennia BC). On the other hand, the proportion of meat in the diet of Early Bronze Age inhabitants (2nd millennium BC) was possibly the lowest in the entire history of site occupation. This proportion returned to near-Neolithic levels in the developed Bronze Age and Iron Age (1st millennium BC). Regarding plant food, the results indicate greater variability in the plants consumed in the Bronze and Iron Ages. Levels of δ13C imply some contribution from C4 plants, that is, millet, during these periods. This aligns with recently formulated theories suggesting the post-Neolithic beginnings of millet cultivation and consumption in Central Europe.
Leistung ist nicht gleich Leistung – zum Leistungsverständnis von ALG II-Bezieher*innen
Authors: Jürss Sebastian 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Frage nach der Leistung von Erwerbslosen und ALG II-Bezieher*innen für die Gesellschaft ist im öffentlichen Diskurs ein wiederkehrendes Thema, in dem den Betroffenen oftmals ein Fehlen dieser Leistung attestiert wird. Der Beitrag nimmt die subjektiven Deutungen von ALG II-Bezieher*innen selbst zum Ausgangspunkt: Mit Hilfe von problemzentrierten Interviews werden unterschiedliche Deutungen von Leistung herausgearbeitet und entlang ihrer Position zur Erwerbsarbeit gegenübergestellt. Damit zeichnet sich erstens eine Leistungsdeutung ab, die Leistung mit Erwerbsarbeit gleichsetzt (Erwerbszentrierung). Dem gegenüber, zweitens, steht die Abweichung von der Erwerbszentrierung als nur partielle Erwerbszentrierung (neben der Care-Arbeit) oder Alternativen zu ihr (Ehrenamt und Alltagsbewältigung).
Review of Opportunities and Challenges for Additive Manufacturing of Steels in the Construction Industry
Authors: Paul Christopher , Nath Dikshita , Tobber Lisa , Benoit Michael 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM), or 3-D printing, encompasses a range of technologies that “print” material layer by layer to create the final part. Though there is significant interest in the AM of concrete in the construction sector, opportunities for the AM of steel still need to be explored. This review focuses on the AM of low-alloy steels, stainless steels, duplex stainless steels (DSSs), precipitation-hardened (PH) stainless steels, and tool steels, highlighting the challenges and opportunities of employing AM technology for construction applications. Fusion-based AM technologies, such as wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), and laser-directed energy deposition (LDED), are the core technologies that have been tested in the industry so far. WAAM has seen the most exploration for construction applications because of its higher deposition rate, larger build volume, and lower cost than other AM technologies. The mechanical performance of low-alloy steel, stainless steel, and tool steel shows increased tensile strengths after AM processing compared with wrought counterparts. Although AM is not economical for geometrically simple metal components or geometries, there is potential for AM to fabricate unique structural connections or joints, optimized load-bearing columns, and even entire bridges, as highlighted in this paper. AM’s digital nature (i.e., using computer-aided design (CAD) to create G-code paths for printing) can increase structural efficiency if coupled with topology optimization methods and high-strength alloys. Currently, however, general applications of AM in the industry are limited because of barriers with structural codes and standards not incorporating AM parts and AM technology barriers (i.e., limited build volumes).
The status of municipal government in the sphere of ecological security
Authors: Kostrubiec Jarosław , Karpiuk Mirosław , Tyrawa Dominik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe article covers the issue of ecological security in Poland with a view to international regulation, the objectives of which are pursued at the municipality level, i.e., the basic unit of local government. It is in local areas and at the source of any threat that a rapid response is often needed to eliminate environmental pollution and its effects. Accordingly, the municipal authorities have been equipped with a number of powers enabling them to take action for environmental safety. It should be assumed as a research hypothesis that, in terms of activities in the sphere of ecological security, a municipal authority is a body that complements the activities of the state resulting from EU obligations and other higher-level local government units and that these activities are aimed at issues closest to individuals. The study is characterised by a legal theory-based approach. The main research method used in the study is the doctrinal method, as well as the method of legal text analysis. It mainly draws on theoretical views presented in legal studies and those offered in case law practice.
Construção de um Curso Online Conectivista: a Wikiversidade no Ensino da Saúde Auditiva
Authors: Arrigo Adriano J. , Peschanski João Alexandre , Girardi Jr. Liráucio , Jurno Amanda Chevtchouk , Jacob Lilian Cássia Bórnia 
Published: September 2024

Este relato de experiência aborda o desenvolvimento inicial de um Curso Online Aberto e Massivo Conectivista (cMOOC) intitulado "Introdução à Audiologia Básica" que explora as integrações potenciais entre as plataformas Wikiversidade e Wikipédia no uso de metodologias ativas na área de saúde auditiva. O cMOOC é um projeto-piloto organizado pela Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru - Universidade de São Paulo em parceria com quatro Universidades de três diferentes regiões do Brasil (sul, sudeste e nordeste) e uma do Canadá (Universidade de Montreal), com apoio do Wiki Movimento Brasil. Trata-se de um relato descritivo e exploratório que visa avaliar a fase inicial de desenvolvimento do cMOOC "Introdução à Audiologia Básica" e examinar as estratégias e resultados da implementação de atividades educativas abertas e colaborativas na área da Audiologia. Serão apresentados o desenvolvimento dos princípios da teoria conectivista, a descrição detalhada do projeto-piloto do cMOOC, destacando as estratégias e resultados da implementação das atividades educativas e exemplos de como a Wikiversidade e a Wikipédia foram integradas como plataformas educacionais.

Palavras-chave:Saúde pública. Wikimedia. Colaboração. MOOC.
Influencia de enmiendas calcáreas sobre el rendimiento y calidad para fritura de la papa variedad Bicentenaria
Authors: Sifuentes Zorrila Diana , Palomares Anselmo Edison , Vargas Luna Luis Primitivo , Contreras-Liza Sergio , Macavilca Ticlayauri Edwin , Jhoncon Kooyip Jorge 
Published: September 2024

The quality of potatoes for processing depends on varietal, environmental and crop management factors, and the consumption of potato products has increased.The objective of the research was to determine the effect of calcareous amendments on the production and frying quality of potatoes potato cv. Bicentenaria under high Andean conditions. The research was carried out in the rural community of Canín at Checras district (Lima) altitude of 3880 masl. The climate of the locality is humid and cold, with an annual rainfall of 800 mm and acid soils (pH 5.0) of sandy-clay texture. Five liming treatments and a control without liming were applied to the soil (agricultural lime 500 kg ha-1 and carbonatite 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 kg ha-1). Agronomic and biochemical characteristics of the tuber were evaluated and sensory analysis was performed for potato frying. Data were analyzed statistically and the Scott-Knott test was used to compare treatment means. Liming with carbonatite 1500 kg ha-1 statistically outperformed the other treatments in tuber weight and was similar to the control; treatment with carbonatite 1000 kg ha-1 had a greater effect on mean tuber weight. The treatments with agricultural lime or carbonatite significantly reduced (p <0.05) the glucose content in the tuber with respect to the control. Sensory tests were significant for liming treatments for chip color. Soil liming influenced some agronomic characteristics and biochemical parameters of the tuber, as well as the sensory evaluation of potato chips.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВОДНЕВОГО ЗНОСУ ВАЖКОНАВАНТАЖЕНИХ МЕТАЛЕВИХ ФРИКЦІЙНИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ГАЛЬМ
Authors: Вольченко Дмитро Олександрович , Кіндрачук Мирослав Васильович , Скрипник Василь Степанович , Журавльов Дмитро Юрійович , Романів Микола Миколайович 
Published: September 2024

В матеріалах статті розглянуті наступні питання стосовно до розв'язуваної проблеми: побудова кристалічних граток металів і їх параметри; оцінка стану атомів в кристалічній решітці металу з позицій молекулярної динаміки; напружено-деформований стан гальмівних дисків і осередки водневого зношування їх робочих поверхонь. При дослідженні металевого фрикційного елемента прийнята модель багатошарової атомної побудови у вигляді сильфона, який під дією імпульсних питомих навантажень стискає свої гофри. При знятті імпульсних питомих навантажень відбувається розширення багатошарової атомної структури за рахунок внутрішніх сил пружності. Встановлено невідоме раніше явище утворення насиченої воднем зон в приповерхневому шарі металевого елемента тертя (обода, диска) гальмівного пристрою, що містить в своєму тілі «внутрішній» водень, який циркулює між шарами атомів кристалічних граток, що полягає в тому, що при електротермомеханічному терті у водневомістному середовищі відбувається виділення «зовнішнього» водню під тиском при цьому за рахунок імпульсних питомих навантажень, поверхневих температур і їх змінних градієнтів в зонах тертя. Темп протікання процесу стиснення в сотні разів більше темпу протікання процесу розширення багатошарової атомної структури. Під дією імпульсних питомих навантажень виникає великий позитивний градієнт температури спалаху, який в приповерхневому шарі металевого фрикційного елемента перетворюється на негативний градієнт поверхнево-об'ємної температури. При цьому підвищується тиск закачуваного водню, який посилюється за рахунок імпульсних питомих навантажень, стискаючи багатошарову атомну структуру.