bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS WEB MATA PELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNTUK SISWA KELAS VII
Authors: Januarisman Erwin , Ghufron Anik 
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan produk berupa media pembelajaran IPA berbasis web. (2) mengetahui tingkat kelayakan dan keefektifan media pembelajaran IPA berbasis web. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) yang menggunakan metode penelitian Borg & Gall dan metode pengembangan Alessi & Trollip. Prosedur pengembangan meliputi tahap perencanaan, desain, dan pengembangan. Penelitian menunjukan hasil sebagai berikut. (1) Produk berupa media pembelajaran berbasis web pada mata pelajaran IPA menggunakan software CMS (Content Management System) Wordpress. (2) Produk media pembelajaran berbasis webpada mata pelajaran IPA telah dinyatakan layak sebagai media pembelajaran berdasarkan hasil validasi dari ahli materi dengan nilai rata-rata 3,98 dengan kategori “Baik”, ahli media dengan nilai rata-rata 4,07 dengan kategori “Baik”, uji coba lapangan awal diperoleh rata-rata penilaian sebesar 4,13 dengan kategori “Baik” dan uji coba lapangan utama diperoleh nilai gain untuk SMP Muhammadiyah 2 sebesar 22,2, SMP N 2 sebesar 24, SMP N 3 sebesar 21,6 dan SMP N 5 sebesar 19,6. (3) Keefektifan media pembelajaran IPA berbasis web dibuktikan dengan meningkatnya hasil belajar siswa berdasarkan data hasil evaluasi pretest dan posttest.Kata kunci: efektivitas, media pembelajaran berbasis web, IPA. DEVELOPING WEB-BASED LEARNING MEDIA ON NATURAL SCIENCES LESSON FOR THE SECOND YEAR STUDENTS OF SMPAbstractThe purposes of this research were to: (1) generate product in the form of web-based science learning media. (2) reveal the feasibility and effectiveness of the product developed. The type of this research was a research and development (R&D) using method by Borg and Gall and method development by Alessi & Trollip. The development procedure included the planning, design, and development. The results of this research is as follows. (1) A product of media web-based learning in science subjects was developed using software CMS (Content Management System) Wordpress. (2) The product was considered eligible as a medium of learning based on the results of the validation of materials expert with an average score of 3.98 with the category of “good”, media experts average score is 4.07 with the category of “Good”, the initial field trial score is 4.13 with the category “good”, and the main field trials score obtained for SMP Muhammadiyah 2 is 22.2, SMP N 2 is 24, SMP N 3 is 21.6 and SMP N 5 is 19.6. (3) The effectiveness of the web-based science learning media is shown by the increase of student learning outcomes based on evaluation data of pretest and posttest.Keywords: effectiveness, media web-based learning, Natural Sciences Lesson
System Monitoring And Controlling Water Nutrition aquaponics Using Arduino Uno Based Web Server
Authors: Maarif Amanda Fahmi 
Published: November 2016

Aquaponics is a sustainable farming system that combines aquaculture and hydroponics systems as an integrated system that is symbiotic. In an aquaponics system results from animal excretion contained in this system will be used as natural nutrients hydroponic plants. As for the animals that live on this system will also result in clean water that has been filtered naturally by the plant roots. In the cultivation of an aquaponics system an important factor affecting the development of the ecosystem is the degree of acidity (PH) which have a direct impact on the absorption of nutrients in the roots of plants and development of animals that live in this ecosystem. In addition, factors that are not less important is the electroconductivity (EC) is the ability to conduct an electric ion in solution to the plant roots. The degree of acidity (pH) of water that is normal for an aquaponics ecosystem at 6-7 and value for EC ranged in value of 0.8-1.2 ms / cm. From this study produced a tool that is capable of monitoring in the form of a web server and conduct automatic action in controlling the levels of PH and EC. Based on the results of system testing results obtained sensor Analog PH Meter Kit and Analog Electrical Conductivity Meter capable of monitoring water tank in accordance with the standard measurement tool used is PH meter and EC Solution and the system is also able to control the changes that occur in the water tank in accordance with the standards of PH and EC. Keywords: Aquaponics, Arduino Uno, PH, EC.
Dynamic Flow Simulation to Study Flow Assurance Challenges in Water Alternating Gas WAG Wells
Authors: Karimi Hassan , Putra Erni Dharma , Thakur Kapil Kumar , Yusuf Rahel , Shaharun Azwan , Hallquist Aron E. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Water-alternating-gas (WAG) is an enhanced oil recovery process which is being widely practiced in the oil fields to increase the extent of the reservoir contacted by the displacing fluids, the gas is generally injected intermittently with water. WAG process improves the recovery from the reservoir and hence increases the production performance; however, the process of alternating water with gas, if not properly studied and designed, would lead to several flow assurance issues including hydrate formation risk, unsuccessful fluid displacement, bottom hole pressure exceeding fracture pressure and vacuum/low pressure condition at the surface etc. All these factors can impact the success of the WAG operation.
Dynamic modelling of the water alternative gas changeover process is essential to address the potential challenges during changeover operation and also to formulate the operational guidelines. Each type of changeover (i.e. water to gas / gas to water) have unique challenges which is discussed in detail in this paper.
This paper presents the results of the modelling and simulations of WAG operation carried out on a horizontal well. Of particular interest is the the period of change over interval (i.e. gas to water and water to gas) where there are significant pressure, flow and temperature transients leading to possibility of various flow assurance related risks. These risks were evaluated in detail for the subject well and the WAG changeover operation was designed to avoid any potential problems using transient multiphase flow simulation.
Injectivity Improvement by Nanofluid Preflush During Low Salinity Water Flooding
Authors: Yuan Bin , Wang Kai 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper evaluates nanoparticle utilization to mitigate the injectivity loss due to pore-throat blockage near the wellbore. We develop a theory to explain how nanoparticles control particulates migration in the formation, and thus improve injectivity. Nanoparticles are pre-coated on the rock grains in 1-D porous medium prior to the injection of newly fine particles during low salinity water flooding. We hypothesize that the positive contribution of nanoparticles is related to the increased maximum retention capacity of the host rock by reduction of the surface potential between rock grains and suspended particulates. We develop semi-analytic MOC (method of characreristic) solutions for two different reference scenarios, in view of the difference between the initial attached fines concentration and the initial maximum retention concentration of fines without nanoparticle effects.
The effluent history plots are compared with the experimental data to verify the proposed theory. In addition, suspended, attached, and strained particle concentration profiles are calculated to evaluate the particle transport in a one-dimensional model. Our solution suggests two weak-form discontinuity fronts moving along the porous medium: suspended particle and attached particle fronts. The solution explains how effectively nanoparticles can prevent the decreased permeability through fixation of mobile particles. Permeability impairment and an associated increase in injection pressure (assuming a constant injection rate) are studied via mitigation index (MI) and injection index (J).
Through quantitative comparison of effluent concentration history and permeability decline, we validate the accuracy of the predictions. In practice, this paper provides analytical approach to evaluate performance of nanoparticles pre-treatment to sustain injection rate during low salinity water flooding.
Analytical Solution of Matrix Permeability of Organic-Rich Shale
Authors: Wang Rui , Zhang Kai , Detpunyawat Pachari , Cao Jiayi , Zhan Jie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractApparent matrix permeability of organic-rich shale is complicated because of its unique pore structure, gas storage and transport mechanisms. In inorganic pores, free gas is the only phase considered. While in organic pores, adsorbed phase coexists with free gas. Surface diffusion is the transport mechanism of the adsorbed phase. However, transport mechanism of free gas varies during production and is distinguished by the Knudsen number. Slip flow, transition flow, Knudsen diffusion and surface diffusion are found in organic pores, whereas only slip flow and transition flow occur in inorganic pores. The effects of pore size, pressure and temperature on the transport mechanism are discussed. Pressure reduction causes a change in transport mechanisms during production. Stress dependency of inorganic pores is one of the factors that affect pore size, transport mechanism and permeability. The apparent permeability is derived by calculating the geometric average of permeability of different units with varying pore sizes and permeabilities. Sensitivity analysis shows that stress-dependency plays an important role in inorganic pores, which results in the positive correlation between permeability and pressure. Conversely, in inorganic pores, permeability increases as pressure decreases. As a result, permeability decreases and then increases with decreasing pressure.
The Gaussian Process Regression for TOC Estimation Using Wireline Logs in Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Yu Hongyan , Wang Zhenliang , Rezaee Reza , Zhang Yihuai , Xiao Liang , Luo Xiaorong , Wang Xiangzeng , Zhang Lixia 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Total organic carbon (TOC) estimation is very important for shale gas reservoir characterization. There are many introduced methods for TOC prediction in organic-rich shales. However, there are still some weaknesses with the most of the methods. This paper proposes a new method using machine learning, Gaussian Process Regression, which is expert in processing high-dimension, small samples, and non-linear problems. Compare to the Neural Network, and Support Vector Machine, Gaussian Process Regression has adaptation and generalization ability. This paper takes Zhangjiatan shale of the Yanchang Formation of the Triassic period in the south-eastern Ordos Basin as an example. A total of 7 kernel functions are applied to build the regression model. As a result, the Cauchy kernel is chosen due to lowest error. Then, feature selection is carried on based on the weights which calculated from 4 weights algorithms. Finally, compared the Gaussian Process Regression results to the traditional methods, (e.g., Passey and Schmoker methods), we found that Gaussian Process Regression works well for TOC estimation.
3D True-Amplitude Anisotopic Beam Depth Migration of 3D Irregular Data
Authors: Protasov M. , Tcheverda V. , Isakov N. , Pravduhin A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The paper addresses 3D seismic depth true-amplitude migration of 3D irregular data in anisotropic media based on beam decomposition of the data. The main objective is the development of the imaging procedure suitable for anisotropic media and handling 3D irregular seismic data without any preliminary regularization. The real data examples from Eastern Siberia are presented and discussed.
Enhancing Seismic Imaging of Deep Structures Using Anelliptic VTI Traveltimes
Authors: Alashloo S. Y. Moussavi , Ghosh D. P. , Shahbazi A. , Hermana M. , Ismail W. Y. Wan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The presence of sedimentary layers in the Earth's subsurface results in seismic anisotropy, which makes wave velocity dependent on the propagation angle. This aspect causes errors in seismic imaging such as mispositioning of migrated events if anisotropy is not accounted for. One of the challenging issues in seismic imaging is the estimation of anisotropy parameters which usually has error due to dependency to several elements such as sparse data acquisition, erroneous data with low signal to noise ratio, etc. In this study, an isotropic and anelliptic VTI fast marching eikonal solvers are employed to obtain seismic traveltimes required for Kirchhoff depth migration algorithm. Computing cost of fast marching method is O(NlogN) which is faster than the general finite difference methods with cost of O(N2). The Sigsbee synthetic data and a real dataset are used for testing purposes. The comparison of isotropic and VTI traveltimes demonstrates a considerable lateral difference among wavefronts. The results of Kirchhoff imaging show that the VTI algorithm generates images with perfect positioning and higher resolution than the isotropic one, specifically in deep areas. Finally, we conclude that our anisotropic approach is stable, fast, and generates high-quality images with accurate details in deep structures.
Lateral Vibration Analysis of Oil Production Casing String in Deepwater Shallow Under Earthquake Excitations
Authors: Song Deng , Honghai Fan , Yuhan Liu , Jing Yang , Zixiang Wen , Deqiang Tian 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The majority of deep-sea oil and gas exploration areas are located in seismic active zone, such as the South China Sea and Suez basin in Egypt. As casing string vibration caused by earthquake and low deep shallow soil cementation strength may result in the instability of deep water flow string, moreover, the pipe string failure may bring about economic loss and environmental damage. In this paper, lateral stability analysis of pipe in deep water shallow is taken into consideration for seismic analysis, and the string is considered as a Winkler model. First, it carries out stress analysis of flow string, and lateral stress includes wave load in wellhead, transverse moment imposed by bottom casing, ground resisting force and seismic force. Dynamic differential equation of string in deep water shallow is established on the basis of soil dynamics and pipe-string mechanics. Displacement attenuates and bending moment distribution of the string are calculated in three different seismic data, therefore the conclusion can be obtained as below: The string displacement amplitude increases as the intensity of earthquakes increases, and the biggest bending moment lies in the casing cross section, which is the point that may be easily damaged if the earthquake happens. In this paper, analysis of the transverse vibration of the shallow casing string wil help us better understand the casing string vibration in deepwater oil and gas exploitation and transportation so as to reduce the occurrence of the accident. Finally, some suggestions are given below, such as RMR \ MPD drilling technology, Open Hole Interval and structure of wellhead support device to enhance the stability of production string, ensure well integrity and reduce accident loss.
Quantification of the Tetraprotic Acids Content in Oils for the Prediction of Naphthenate Deposits Risks
Authors: Molinier V. , Loriau M. , Lescoulié S. , Martin B. , Gingras J. P. , Passade-Boupat N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDuring oil production and transport, several deposit risks may arise due to varying physical conditions (Pression, Temperature) and chemical nature of oil and water (salinity, pH…). These deposits are mainly hydrates, waxes, asphaltenes, inorganic or organic salts, and their occurrence must be avoided in order to ensure a proper flow assurance during oil production. Particularly, precipitation of calcium naphthenates can occur in the presence of divalent cations (calcium) in basic pH conditions and can lead to dramatic clogging of installations. Compared to some of the other deposits, this one is particularly difficult to predict because it depends on the presence of trace levels of specific species in the crude oil.A decade ago, a particular family of naphthenic acids, called "Arn" or "Tetraprotic Acid" (TPA), has been identified in naphthenate deposits.[7] The occurrence of these acids has been shown to be closely related to naphthenate deposit risks: the tetraprotic nature of these acids favors the formation of polymeric-like calcium precipitates able to imprison oil and solids, leading to impressive deposits. Since then, analytical efforts have been made to quantify the presence of Arn in crude oil, in order to mitigate calcium naphthenate deposits thanks to predictions tools based on chemical equilibriums.In this work, we have put to the test a method of Arn quantification described in the literature, based on SPE (Solid Phase Extraction) and HPLC-UV quantification. A selection of crude oils of varying origin and chemical nature (Total acid content TAN, Total base content TBN, Asphaltenes content) has been chosen to enlighten the effect of oil on the Arn extraction yield. Particularly, we have shown that for crude oils with high TBN values, two consecutive SPE extraction steps are necessary to ensure proper extraction. We have also shown that the optimization of the SPE extraction steps (amount of oil, cartridge capacity, elution volumes) is crucial for proper Arn quantification. Finally, Arn extraction yield is shown to depend on the oil nature and therefore a quantification of spiked samples is necessary.This work gives some guides for proper quantification of the tetraprotic acids content in crude oil in order to get a reliable concentration value that can be further used to predict naphthenate deposit risks.
Integrated Sonic Shear Compressional Ratio for Seismic Rock Physics Calibration in the Development Gas Field a Case Study in Tapi Field of North Malay Basin
Authors: Fadjarijanto A. , Pakpahan O. , Kaewtapan J. , Setiawan A. S. , Simatupang M. H. , Rahmadi A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach by integrating well log data evaluation to seismic rock physic calibration of field development plans. The result of the study was incorporated in the development drilling to optimizing well placement. To date, the well result demonstrates that the method was proven to determine the gas bearing sand distribution. As a consequence, drilling at a sweet spot location can be optimized.
Reservoir fluid identification is a major role in the formation evaluation task. In the field with multiple stack sands and limited water salinity data, will cause more challenging to define fluid type. The result is very substantial to determine hydrocarbon in place, the volume of which will be used to take the decision to develop the gas field. The inherent uncertainty which comprises of sand and hydrocarbon distribution is a real challenge when identifying the sweet spot location in a development drilling campaign.
Well log data provides essential information that will use for interpretation of lithofacies and fluid type. The elastic acoustic velocity of the formation taken by sonic tool is a common data that are considered in the petropysical evaluation. In essence, the advantage of ratio of sonic compressional to shear wave velocity is applied to identify gas bearing formations. This is based on the fact that compression wave is more sensitive to type of fluids than the shear wave when it travels into the poro-elastic formations. The same method is also relevant when applied to the seismic data. The seismic Vp/Vs ratio must be first calibrated with well data to provide a proper meaning. Thereafter, the seismic Vp/Vs ratio is exerted to determine gas bearing sand distribution. This information is expected to deliver a great contribution in the well placement optimization.
The method is proven to reduce the uncertainty of lateral distribution at shallow reservoirs. The application of this method for deeper reservoir is still being investigated and further detail works will be done to confirm the findings.
Cost-Effective Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from Oilfield Mixed-Production Systems
Authors: Lehrer S. , Ramachandran S. , Soos L. , Leidensdorf J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The production of sour crude oil results in the release of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) into surface equipment causing compliance, safety, environmental, and corrosion concerns for the producer. Increased costs result with high hydrogen sulfide concentrations due to pipeline contract penalties, the need for additional gas sweetening equipment (i.e., towers), increased manpower costs for monitoring, metallurgical upgrades, and liability from the potential release of H2S. These issues can be alleviated if H2S is reliably removed in a cost-effective manner by direct injection of H2S scavengers into mixed-production systems.
Variability in production flowrates and H2S levels from factors such as well slugging results in an inconsistent amount of H2S that must be removed. Additionally, in many cases there are very short residence times available for scavengers to function. Achieving consistent and cost-effective removal of H2S from mixed production is very difficult. Conventional H2S scavengers, including triazines as well as non-nitrogen scavengers, have been used successfully to remove hydrogen sulfide from separated oil and gas. However, these scavengers exhibit slow kinetics and low thermal stability for mixed-production applications. As a result, poor efficiency is observed in many of these applications. In the case of triazines, their high scaling tendencies are also a concern. To address the kinetic and thermal stability limitations of existing scavengers, new scavengers were developed to achieve reliable removal of H2S from mixed production. Advantages of these new scavengers include higher thermal stability, faster kinetics and efficient H2S removal, resulting in consistent performance under varying conditions.
Field test results will be presented for mixed-production applications, demonstrating the ability of these new scavengers to reliably remove H2S. These new scavengers are effective over a broad temperature range and are suitable for topsides and downhole injection.