bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors of prostate cancer mortality in a Finnish randomized screening trial
Authors: Neupane Subas , Steyerberg Ewout , Raitanen Jani , Talala Kirsi , Pylväläinen Juho , Taari Kimmo , Tammela Teuvo LJ , Auvinen Anssi 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo identify the prognostic factors of prostate cancer death among patients enrolled in a Finnish prostate cancer screening trial.MethodsData on TNM stage, Gleason score, serum prostate‐specific antigen at diagnosis, comorbidity and primary treatment were collected from medical records, as well as date and cause of death from Statistics Finland. Four prognostic risk groups were defined based on TNM stage, Gleason score and prostate‐specific antigen at diagnosis. Hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for prostate cancer death were calculated using Cox regression and competing‐risk analysis with follow up from randomization. The differences in the effects of prognostic factors were assessed using interaction terms.ResultsThe 15‐year survival was significantly lower among cases in the control arm compared with the screening arm (0.90 vs 0.92). However, the survival advantage was limited to screen‐detected cases (0.94 vs 0.91 in cases detected outside screening). The prognostic risk group was the strongest factor predicting survival in the control arm, but weaker in screen‐detected cases. Advanced disease was associated with substantially poorer outcome in cases detected outside screening than in screen‐detected disease. Primary treatment had a similar effect in all groups. Comorbidity had a small prognostic effect in the control arm only.ConclusionsPrognostic factors had a different effect on the outcome of cases detected through screening as those diagnosed otherwise. A high diagnostic prostate‐specific antigen and advanced disease carried a poor prognosis, especially among the cases detected outside screening, even when lead‐time was eliminated. This shows that the screening resulted in earlier treatment among the cases in the screening arm.
SIRCLE: a randomised controlled cost comparison of self‐administered short‐course isoniazid and rifapentine for cost‐effective latent tuberculosis eradication
Authors: Denholm Justin T. , McBryde Emma S. , Eisen Damon , Street Alan , Matchett Elizabeth , Chen Caroline , Shultz Thomas , Biggs Beverly , Leder Karin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in Australia consists most commonly of a 9‐month course of isoniazid (9H). A 3‐month course of weekly isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) has been shown to be as effective as 9 months of daily isoniazid, and associated with less hepatotoxicity; however, rifapentine is not currently available in Australia. Introduction of this regimen would have apparent advantages for people with LTBI in Victoria by safely shortening duration of LTBI therapy. However, the cost benefit of this new therapeutic approach is uncertain.AimCost‐analysis of standard and short‐course therapy for LTBI in an Australian context.MethodsSingle‐centre randomised controlled trial conducted between December 2013‐March 2016. Participants underwent 1:1 randomisation to either a 9‐month course of daily isoniazid or a 12‐week course of weekly isoniazid and rifapentine. The primary outcome measure was total healthcare system costs (in Australian dollars; AUD) per completed course of LTBI therapy. Secondary cost analyses were performed to consider varying assumptions regarding commercial cost of rifapentine.ResultsOverall, 34 of 40 (85%) participants in the 9H group and 36/40 (90%) in the 3HR group completed therapy. One patient in the 3HP group was hospitalised for a febrile illness; no hospitalisations were recorded in the 9H group. The cost per completed course of 9H was 601 AUD, while that of 3HP was significantly lower at 511 AUD (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study provides cost analysis evidence to support the use of 3HP for the treatment of LTBI in Australia.
Medication reconciliation at two teaching hospitals in Australia: a missed opportunity?
Authors: Athuraliya Nimmi , Sarunac Jasminka , Robertson Jane 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMedication reconciliation prevents medication related harm at patient hospitalisation. This cross‐sectional study demonstrated that the Hunter New England Health Admission Medication History Form that supports the two processes is underutilised in two hospitals in New South Wales with many doctors unaware of the form and pharmacists facing understaffing and time constraints for completing it. Triaging of patients and, more collaboration between doctors and pharmacists are required for efficient in‐hospital medication reconciliation.
Acute kidney injury is under‐recognised and under‐reported in hospitalised patients in Australia
Authors: Mitchell Tim , Feher Elisabeth , Mitchell Gillian , Chakera Aron 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalised patients is associated with adverse outcomes; however, it remains unrecognised and under‐reported. A total of 48 045 serum creatinine results from 8129 tertiary hospital inpatients were reviewed. The prevalence of AKI was 4.33%. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with AKI (16.76%) compared to those without AKI (1.88%, P < 0.001). Documentation of AKI in discharge summaries was poor.
Interpreting insulin immunoassays during investigation of apparent spontaneous hypoglycaemia and insulin overdose
Authors: Chemmanam Julie , Isaacs Michelle , Jones Graham R. , Greenfield Jerry R. , Burt Morton G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe report two cases of hypoglycaemia; one with apparently spontaneous hypoglycaemia and one with presumed insulin overdose. In both cases insulin concentration was normal when measured with the Roche immunoassay, but elevated when remeasured with the Advia Centaur immunoassay and a diagnosis of hypoglycaemia secondary to insulin analogue administration was made. These cases highlight that physicians need to understand the binding characteristics of the insulin immunoassay they use.
Circadian peak dopaminergic activity response at the biological clock pacemaker (suprachiasmatic nucleus) area mediates the metabolic responsiveness to a high‐fat diet
Authors: Luo S. , Zhang Y. , Ezrokhi M. , Li Y. , Tsai T.‐H. , Cincotta A. H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAmong vertebrate species of the major vertebrate classes in the wild, a seasonal rhythm of whole body fuel metabolism, oscillating from a lean to obese condition, is a common biological phenomenon. This annual cycle is driven in part by annual changes in the circadian dopaminergic signalling at the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), with diminution of circadian peak dopaminergic activity at the SCN facilitating development of the seasonal obese insulin‐resistant condition. The present study investigated whether such an ancient circadian dopamine‐SCN activity system for expression of the seasonal obese, insulin‐resistant phenotype may be operative in animals made obese amd insulin resistant by high‐fat feeding and, if so, whether reinstatement of the circadian dopaminergic peak at the SCN would be sufficient to reverse the adverse metabolic impact of the high‐fat diet without any alteration of caloric intake. First, we identified the supramammillary nucleus as a novel site providing the majority of dopaminergic neuronal input to the SCN. We further identified dopamine D2 receptors within the peri‐SCN region as being functional in mediating SCN responsiveness to local dopamine. In lean, insulin‐sensitive rats, the peak in the circadian rhythm of dopamine release at the peri‐SCN coincided with the daily peak in SCN electrophysiological responsiveness to local dopamine administration. However, in rats made obese and insulin resistant by high‐fat diet (HFD) feeding, these coincident circadian peak activities were both markedly attenuated or abolished. Reinstatement of the circadian peak in dopamine level at the peri‐SCN by its appropriate circadian‐timed daily microinjection to this area (but not outside this circadian time‐interval) abrogated the obese, insulin‐resistant condition without altering the consumption of the HFD. These findings suggest that the circadian peak of dopaminergic activity at the peri‐SCN/SCN is a key modulator of metabolism and the responsiveness to adverse metabolic consequences of HFD consumption.
Assessment of Bone Dimensions in the Anterior Maxilla: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study
Authors: AlTarawneh Sandra , AlHadidi Abeer , Hamdan Ahmad AS , Shaqman Murad , Habib Emad 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate labial and palatal bone thickness at the maxillary anterior teeth as well as distance from cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ) to bone crest using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and MethodsMeasurements were obtained for maxillary anterior teeth of 120 subject CBCT volumes including thickness of labial and palatal plates of bone (coronal, middle, and apical thirds), and distance between CEJ and alveolar bone crest mid‐labially, mesially, and distally.ResultsThe mean value of bone thickness at coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the labial side for central incisor roots were respectively: 0.73, 0.69, 0.60 (mm), for lateral incisors: 0.70, 0.61, 0.49 (mm), and for canines: 0.74, 0.53, 040 (mm). The thickness of palatal bone was significantly larger. The mean distance between CEJ and mid‐labial bone crest for all sites was 2.16 mm.ConclusionLabial bone thickness is thin in the vast majority of maxillary anterior teeth. Use of CBCT facilitates planning for immediate implant placement and is helpful in the decision‐making process when further bone augmentation is needed.
Longitudinal Trajectory of the Relationship Between Self‐Esteem and Substance Use From Adolescence to Young Adulthood
Authors: Lee Chung Gun , Seo Dong‐Chul , Torabi Mohammad R. , Lohrmann David K. , Song Tae Min 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe examined the longitudinal trajectory of substance use (binge drinking, marijuana use, and cocaine use) in relation to self‐esteem from adolescence to young adulthood.METHODSGeneralized estimating equation models were fit using SAS to investigate changes in the relation between self‐esteem and each substance use (binge drinking, marijuana use, and cocaine use) from adolescence to young adulthood. Data were drawn from the 3 waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students in the United States (N = 6504).RESULTSSelf‐esteem was a significant predictor for the use of all 3 substances at 15 years of age (ps < .001). However, at age 21, self‐esteem no longer predicted binge drinking and marijuana use in the controlled model.CONCLUSIONSIt appears that self‐esteem loses its protective role against substance use except cocaine use as adolescents transition to young adulthood.
Altering the School Breakfast Environment Reduces Barriers to School Breakfast Participation Among Diverse Rural Youth
Authors: Hearst Mary O. , Shanafelt Amy , Wang Qi , Leduc Robert , Nanney Marilyn S. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe purpose is to determine if altering school breakfast policies and the school breakfast environment will positively impact adolescent beliefs of the barriers and benefits of eating breakfast.METHODSThere were 904 adolescents from 16 rural high schools, Minnesota, in the BreakFAST Study who reported eating breakfast fewer than 4 times per week at baseline. Schools were randomized to intervention (N = 8 schools) or delayed intervention (N = 8) condition. The intervention lasted 1 school year. Students completed an online survey of beliefs of barriers and benefits to eating breakfast at baseline and follow‐up. Summative scales were created. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression, accounting for clustering by school, was performed using SAS. Sex interaction was tested. Models tested the effect of the intervention on change in summative scales from baseline to follow ‐up.RESULTSParticipants were 54% female, 69.1% white, 36.6% eligible for free or reduced‐price meals (FRM) and 13.1% of families received public assistance. The change in reported barriers was significantly different in intervention versus control schools (Net difference = 1.0, p = .03). There was no intervention effect of perceived benefits.CONCLUSIONSA school‐based policy and environmental change intervention can successfully reduce perceived barriers to eating school breakfast.
Exploring the Associations Among Nutrition, Science, and Mathematics Knowledge for an Integrative, Food‐Based Curriculum
Authors: Stage Virginia C. , Kolasa Kathryn M. , Díaz Sebastián R. , Duffrin Melani W. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDExplore associations between nutrition, science, and mathematics knowledge to provide evidence that integrating food/nutrition education in the fourth‐grade curriculum may support gains in academic knowledge.METHODSSecondary analysis of a quasi‐experimental study. Sample included 438 students in 34 fourth‐grade classrooms across North Carolina and Ohio; mean age 10 years old; gender (I = 53.2% female; C = 51.6% female). Dependent variable = post‐test‐nutrition knowledge; independent variables = baseline‐nutrition knowledge, and post‐test science and mathematics knowledge. Analyses included descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression.RESULTSThe hypothesized model predicted post‐nutrition knowledge (F(437) = 149.4, p < .001; Adjusted R = .51). All independent variables were significant predictors with positive association.CONCLUSIONSScience and mathematics knowledge were predictive of nutrition knowledge indicating use of an integrative science and mathematics curriculum to improve academic knowledge may also simultaneously improve nutrition knowledge among fourth‐grade students. Teachers can benefit from integration by meeting multiple academic standards, efficiently using limited classroom time, and increasing nutrition education provided in the classroom.
Why and How Schools Make Nutrition Education Programs “Work”
Authors: Porter Kathleen J. , Koch Pamela A. , Contento Isobel R. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThere are many potential health benefits to having nutrition education programs offered by expert outside sources in schools. However, little is known about why and how schools initiate, implement, and institutionalize them. Gaining this understanding may allow the impact and reach of nutrition and other health education programs in schools to be extended.METHODSA total of 22 school community members from 21 purposefully selected New York City public elementary schools were interviewed using a semistructured interview protocol about their schools' experiences initiating, implementing, and institutionalizing nutrition education programs. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. Chronological narratives were written detailing each school's experience and passages highlighting key aspects of each school's experience were identified. These passages (N = 266) were sorted into domains and themes which were regrouped, resorted, and adjusted until all researchers agreed the domains and themes represented the collective experiences of the schools.RESULTSThe interviews elicited 4 broad domains of action: building motivation, choosing programs, developing capacity, and legitimizing nutrition education. Within each domain, themes reflecting specific actions and thoughts emerged.CONCLUSIONSThe identified domains of action and their themes highlight specific, practical actions that school health advocates can use to initiate, implement, and institutionalize nutrition education programs in schools.
Measuring School Functioning in Students With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tollit Michelle , Politis Jennifer , Knight Sarah 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIt is often surmised that school functioning is significantly impacted in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS); however, how this phenomenon manifests itself has rarely been characterized.METHODSThis systematic review synthesized and critically appraised methods, constructs, and instruments used to assess school functioning in students with CFS. Searches were conducted in electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, ERIC, and PsycINFO) to locate empirical studies that measured school functioning in children and adolescents with CFS.RESULTSA total of 36 papers met the inclusion criteria. By far the most commonly reported school functioning construct measured related to school attendance. This was followed by academic functioning, achievement motivation, and educational services received. Little consistency was found in the measurement of these constructs across studies.CONCLUSIONSThe current review revealed that the school experiences of children and adolescents with CFS have rarely been characterized beyond school absenteeism. Improvements in current assessment methods are required to comprehensively understand the impact of CFS on school functioning. Completely understanding the multiple aspects of school functioning will help to inform targeted strategies to optimize educational outcomes for students with CFS.
Chronic Pain in the School Setting: The Teachers' Point of View
Authors: Solé Ester , Castarlenas Elena , Sánchez‐Rodríguez Elisabet , Galán Santiago , de la Vega Rocío , Jensen Mark P. , Miró Jordi 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe aims of this study were to (1) examine the reactions of teachers and student teachers to children experiencing pain, (2) identify the most common challenges and potential resources that are associated to dealing with them, and (3) examine whether their responses differed as a function of their experience or sex.METHODSForty teachers and 318 student teachers completed a survey which included descriptive information, a questionnaire that assesses different responses of participants to children who experience pain, and provides a list of problems and resources that participants might encounter and implement, respectively, when dealing with these children.RESULTSThe study participants most often endorsed use of coping and health‐promoting responses. Experienced teachers endorsed solicitous responses significantly more often than student teachers. Women reported responding more with solicitous responses than men. Absenteeism and the negative effect of pain on the ability of students to engage in school activities were the most common pain‐related challenges mentioned by the study participants overall.CONCLUSIONSThe findings emphasize (1) the need for developing guidelines to help teachers to help students experiencing chronic pain, and (2) the importance of including information about pediatric chronic pain in teachers training.
Echocardiographic Estimates of Right Ventricular Systolic Function in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: Chapel E.H. , Scansen B.A. , Schober K.E. , Bonagura J.D. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundRight ventricular (RV) dysfunction independently predicts outcomes in human myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). There is limited information regardingRVsystolic function in dogs withMMVD.HypothesisRight ventricular systolic function differs among stages of disease, decreasing in decompensatedMMVD.AnimalsThirty‐sixclient‐owned dogs withMMVDnot receiving oral cardiovascular medications.MethodsProspective clinical study. Dogs were categorized according to disease severity asACVIMStage B1, B2, or C. Seven echocardiographic indices ofRVsystolic function were measured. Groups were compared by 1‐wayANOVAand Tukey'sHSDtest. Frequencies of cases with cardiac remodeling falling outside previously established reference intervals were compared using Fisher's exact test. Intra‐ and interobserver measurement variability was calculated for eachRVfunction index.ResultsThe indicesTAPSE(P= 0.029),RVStL(P= 0.012), andRVStRL(P= 0.041) were significantly different between groups. A greater proportion of B2 dogs (7 of 12) hadTAPSEvalues above reference intervals compared with B1 (2 of 12) or C (2 of 12) dogs (P= 0.027). Measurement variability ofTAPSE,RVS', andRVStGwas clinically acceptable.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceRight ventricular systolic function differs between stages ofMMVD, increasing in stage B2, and declining in stage C. The prognostic importance ofRVfunction indices, particularlyTAPSE, might be worth evaluating in dogs withMMVD.
Search for sulfates on the surface of Ceres
Authors: Bu C. , Rodriguez Lopez G. , Dukes C. A. , Ruesch O. , McFadden L. A. , Li J.‐Y. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe formation of hydrated salts is an expected consequence of aqueous alteration of Main Belt objects, particularly for large, volatile‐rich protoplanets like Ceres. Sulfates, present on water‐bearing planetary bodies (e.g., Earth, Mars, and carbonaceous chondrite parent bodies) across the inner solar system, may contribute to Ceres’ UV and IR spectral signature along with phyllosilicates and carbonates. We investigate the presence and stability of hydrated sulfates under Ceres’ cryogenic, low‐pressure environment and the consequent spectral effects, using UV–Vis–IR reflectance spectroscopy. H2O loss begins instantaneously with vacuum exposure, measured by the attenuation of spectral water absorption bands, and a phase transition from crystalline to amorphous is observed for MgSO4·6H2O by X‐ray powder diffraction. Long‐term (>40 h), continuous exposure of MgSO4·nH2O (n = 0, 6, 7) to low pressure (10−3–10−6 Torr) causes material decomposition and strong UV absorption below 0.5 μm. Our measurements suggest that MgSO4·6H2O grains (45–83 μm) dehydrate to 2% of the original 1.9 μm water band area over ~0.3 Ma at 200 K on Ceres and after ~42 Ma for 147 K. These rates, inferred from an Avrami dehydration model, preclude MgSO4·6H2O as a component of Ceres’ surface, although anhydrous and minimally hydrated sulfates may be present. A comparison between Ceres emissivity spectra and laboratory reflectance measurements over the infrared range (5–17 μm) suggests sulfates cannot be excluded from Ceres’ mineralogy.
Prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in the maxillofacial region detected by cone beam CT
Authors: Missias EM , Nascimento EHL , Pontual MLA , Pontual AA , Freitas DQ , Perez DEC , Ramos‐Perez FMM 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans with different fields of view (FOV) and to assess its relation with the clinical relevance of the CBCT findings.Material and MethodsOne thousand CBCT scans were grouped according to FOV's size and region scanned (MX‐FOV, maxilla; MD‐FOV, mandible; and MM‐FOV, maxilla/mandible) and evaluated for the presence of soft tissue calcifications. Laterality and length of the elongated styloid processes (ESP) were also assessed.ResultsEight hundred and eighty‐two soft tissue calcifications were detected in 626 (62.6%) patients. MM‐FOV presented the highest prevalence (76.8%), followed by MD‐FOV (60.6%) and MX‐FOV (57.2%). ESP and tonsillolith were the most frequent calcifications. Calcifications requiring treatment or not and those in need of follow‐up accounted for 6.9%, 92.7%, and 0.3% of cases, respectively. There was no association between calcifications and subjects’ gender or age (p > .05). Most cases of ESP occurred bilaterally and were longer in males (p < .05).ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in CBCT, and ESP and tonsilloliths are the most common types in all evaluated FOVs. While most cases do not require treatment, we emphasize the importance of detailed CBCT assessment for its diagnosis.