bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semiosis and Emergence
Authors: Fernández Eliseo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAmong the different orientations in biosemiotics, those moved by Peircean ideas tend to agree that the organization of non-living parts into organisms cannot be made intelligible without supplementing the traditional resources of the physical sciences with novel kinds of causation. This is particularly true with regard tosemiosis– the influence by which signs mediate the determination of interpretants by their objects.Consideration of special forms of causation and explanation is important for assessing the place of biosemiotics within biology. In my view the promise of biosemiotics far exceeds its role as a biological sub-discipline governing the semiotic aspects of living processes (cellular signaling, organic codes, etc.). Beyond this, biosemiotic research should include two other important endeavors: first, if semiosis is essential to the constitution of the objects of biological science, biosemiotic ideas must have foundational and integrative roles comparable to those of evolutionary conceptions; and second, these roles should promote a wholesale redefinition of the place of biology within the sciences.This examination seeks to clarify the relations between semiosis and ordinary physical causation. It also proposes a new perspective on the evolutionary nature of emergence by taking into account the increasing importance of evolutionary explanations in some branches of contemporary physics.
Cherchez la femme: Two Germanic suffixes, one etymology
Authors: Gąsiorowski Piotr 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe origin of the Germanic suffixes forming occupational titles and agent nouns – masculine *-ārijaz(the ancestor of Modern English -er) and its feminine counterpart reflected in Old English as -estreand in Modern as -ster– is an old problem in Germanic historical morphology. The masculine “agentive” suffix, which occurs in all the subgroups of Germanic, is generally presumed to be of Latin origin, though it occurs mostly with native derivational bases even in the earliest attested Germanic languages; the latter is believed to be native, but has no accepted etymology, and its limited range of occurrence in Germanic remains unexplained. It will be argued that the two suffixes are etymologically connected in a hitherto unsuspected way, that the traditional opinion about the origin of *-ārijazshould be revised, and that both suffixes have interesting Indo-European cognates outside Germanic.
Micro-Structures of Nanodiamonds Grown on Silicon by Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Montes-Gutierrez J.A. , Garcia-Gutierrez R. , Barboza-Flores M. , Meléndrez R. , Cabanillas R. E. , Contreras O. E. , Hirata G. A. , Rangel-Segura R. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A method to grow homogeneous micro-sized diamond clusters on silicon by Hot-Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition in a homemade reactor is reported in this work. Thermal decomposition of a CH4:H2 mixture gases was carried out in a horizontal quartz-tube reactor at 2200 °C filament temperature and 1000 °C substrate temperature at relative low pressure around 150 Torr depositing diamonds on silicon wafers. The diamond micro-structures are formed by nano-crystalline diamonds, they have a rounded shape and a narrow particle size distribution around a micrometer. The diamond micro-structures synthesized in this work showed a strong Raman shift signal, a peak at 1330 cm‒1 typical of the diamond and a single optical trap was localized nearby 300 °C by Thermoluminescence analysis indicating that these diamond micro-structures could be a good thermoluminescent dosimeter material. Due to their excellent properties, diamonds obtained by this technique should find application in the biomedical and optoelectronic industry.
Antidiabetic and in vitro antioxidant effects of hydromethanol extract of Paullinia pinnata root bark in alloxan-induced diabetic rat
Authors: Okwudili Onoja Samuel , Chimaobi Nwachukwu Glory , Ikechukwu Ezeja Maxwell , Ndukaku Omeh Yusuf 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
The study evaluated phytochemical composition, antidiabetic, oral glucose tolerance test and in vitro antioxidant activities of hydromethanol extract of Paullinia pinnata root bark.

Methods
Cold maceration method was used in extract preparation and scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals was used to evaluate antioxidant properties of the extract. Diabetes was induced with alloxan at the dose of 160 mg/kg. The antidiabetic activity of the extract was tested at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, and glibenclamide was used as reference drug.

Results
Phytochemical analysis of the extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, saponins and terpenes/sterols. The extract produced a significant (p<0.05) time-dependent decrease in the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in the treated rats when compared with the distilled water treated rats, but did not produce dose-dependent effects. The extract 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) caused 83.62 %, 60.66 %, 47.77 % and 68.52 % reduction respectively in FBG at 6 h post-treatment while the distilled water (5 mL/kg) produced 8.12 % reduction in FBG at 6 h post treatment. The extract (50 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) produced a significant (p<0.05) oral glucose tolerance effect in both normoglycemic and diabetic rats. The extract produced concentration-dependent increase in antioxidant activity and had its optimum effect at 400 µg/mL concentration.

Conclusions
This study suggests that P. pinnata root bark has potent antidiabetic and antioxidant activities and also validates its use in folkloric medicine in the management of diabetes-related conditions.
Role of caftaric acid in lead-associated nephrotoxicity in rats via antidiuretic, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities
Authors: Koriem Khaled M. M. , Arbid Mahmoud S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Lead is a toxic metal that is widely distributed in the environment where caftaric acid (CA) is the ester form of caffeic acid where CA is the major dietary polyphenol present in various foods and beverages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CA in lead acetate (LA)-associated nephrotoxicity through antidiuretic, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities.

Methods
Forty-eight male albino rats divided into six equal groups; group 1 control injected intraperitoneally (ip) with saline (1 mL/kg of bw) over two weeks period, group 2 injected ip with CA (80 mg/kg of bw) over two weeks period, groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 injected ip with 100 μmol/kg of bw LA over two weeks period where groups 4, 5 & 6 co-injected ip with 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP) drug (1 mg/kg of bw), CA (40 mg/kg of bw), and CA (80 mg/kg of bw), respectively.

Results
The results obtained revealed that LA induced a significant decrease in kidney weight and serum sodium, potassium and chloride, but caused a significant increase in urinary volume, urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride, serum urea, creatinine and uric acid. The LA also caused a significant decrease in kidney superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and induced a significant decrease in glutathione level while caused an increase in lipid peroxidation level. In addition, LA caused a decrease in p53 expression while induced an increase in bcl-2 expression in the kidney tissues. Co-injection of CA to LA-treated group restored all the above parameters to approach the normal values. The results supported with histopathological examinations.

Conclusions
In conclusion, the effect of CA on LA-related nephrotoxicity was occurred through antidiuretic, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic activities where the effect of CA was dose dependent.
Design of All Optical XOR Gate based on Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator
Authors: Swarnakar Sandip , Rathi Sapna , Kumar Santosh 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The photonic crystals (PhC) play an important role in building all optical logic devices and also recommended as solution for opto-electronic bottleneck in terms of speed and size. This paper put forward a design of XOR gate using Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator (PCRR). The ring resonator is a device which provides output on the basis of coupling of mode fields from a linear waveguide to circular ring. The proposed work is designed using two-dimensional (2D) square lattice photonic crystals within the dimensions of

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$\left( {37a \times 37a} \right)$

by putting silicon (Si) rods in silica (SiO2). The study of device is carried out using finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method and verified using MATLAB.
Performance Evaluation of Correlation Properties of Quasi Orthogonal Prime Codes for Optical CDMA Communication
Authors: Kedia Deepak , Rani Ankita 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOptical code division multiple access (OCDMA) is one of the promising technologies to be implemented using all-optical networks. The performance of OCDMA system is largely dependent on the particular codes used for encoding. A proper choice of code family as well as code dimension is of prime importance due to various transmitter and receiver design considerations. This paper mainly aims at evaluation of desirable characteristics of various spreading codes based on the prime sequences. An extensive effort has been done in this paper to evaluate the correlation characteristics of various types of one-dimensional (1-D), 2-D and 3-D prime codes for OCDMA communication system. The detailed mathematical modelling has also been explained. It is observed that an addition in coding dimension leads to significant improvement in the code characteristics.
Legitimate Expectations in Theory, Practice, and Punishment
Authors: Matravers Matt 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper is concerned with how we ought to think about legitimate expectations in the non-ideal, ‘real’ world. In one (dominant) strand of contemporary theories of justice, justice requires not that each gets what she deserves, but that each gets that to which she is entitled in accordance with what Rawls calls ‘the public rules that specify the scheme of cooperation’. However, that is true only if those public rules are part of a fully just scheme and it is plausibly the case that no such scheme obtains in the real world. Given that, and given the centrality of legitimate expectations to theories of justice, it is vital to think about the status of such expectations in non-ideal circumstances. Having explained the sense in which legitimate expectations have come to play a role often previously associated with desert, a brief argument in favour of an ‘expectations’ view of punishment is considered to show that the system to public rules that generates expectations must itself be (in some sense) just. This argument is illustrated by appeal to just punishment and the relevance of thinking about punishment and not merely distributive justice is defended. In the absence of justice, one possibility would be simply to declare that there are nolegitimateexpectations and so theories of justice provide no guidance as to who should get what in non-ideal conditions. However, this would be to render such theories more-or-less useless in practice. Through discussion of a series of vignettes, the paper offers an account of how we might think about the demands such expectations place on the systems that give rise to them even in cases where the system is unjust.
M(Al,Ni)-TiO2-Based Photoanode for Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells
Authors: Navas Javier , Reyes-Pérez Fran , Alcántara Rodrigo , Fernández-Lorenzo Concha , Bernal Juan Jesús Gallardo , Martín-Calleja Joaquín 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This study presents the incorporation of Al and Ni cations onto the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles used as photoelectrode in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The incorporation of these cations was performed using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. This process was applied up to three times to evaluate the semiconductors’ properties with respect to the amount of Al and Ni. The M(Al,Ni)-TiO2-based semiconductors were widely characterized using techniques such as X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The presence of (hydr)oxide species of Al(III) and Ni(II) was confirmed and anatase was the predominant crystalline phase obtained. Moreover, for both elements, a decrease in the band gap energy was observed, this being more pronounced after the incorporation of Ni. Furthermore, the use of the M(Al,Ni)-TiO2-based semiconductors as photoelectrodes in DSSCs led to an increase in the open-circuit voltage of up to 22% and 10% for the incorporation of Al and Ni, respectively. This increase can be reasonably explained by the negative shift of the flat band potential of the photoelectrodes. EIS measurements were performed to study the electron transport kinetics in the photoelectrode and the internal resistance in the DSSCs to understand the photocurrent density values obtained.
Aerobic Fitness in Top-Class Soccer Referees
Authors: Castagna Carlo , Bizzini Mario , Araújo Póvoas Susana C. , Schenk Kai , Büsser Gery , D'Ottavio Stefano 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Castagna, C, Bizzini, M, Araújo Póvoas, SC, Schenk, K, Büsser, G, and D'Ottavio, S. Aerobic fitness in top-class soccer referees. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 3098–3104, 2019—The aim of this study was to examine the aerobic fitness status of top-class male soccer officials using a cross-sectional design and known population group constructs. Fifty-two field referees (FRs, age 38.4 ± 3.3 years; height 181 ± 5.6 cm; body mass 76.8 ± 6.8 kg; body mass index [BMI] 23.4 ± 1.7 kg·m−2; body fat 20.4 ± 3.6%; and international refereeing experience 5 ± 3.5 years) and 104 assistant referees (ARs, age 37.8 ± 4.1 years; height 176.9 ± 7.5 cm; body mass 72.1 ± 7.4 kg; BMI 23 ± 1.6 kg·m−2; body fat 19.2 ± 3.6%; and international refereeing experience 7 ± 3.8 years) from 53 National Football Associations worldwide, and candidates of the preliminary open-list developed by the FIFA Refereeing Department for the 2014 World Cup Final Tournament, were tested for aerobic fitness in laboratory conditions with a progressive speed treadmill test to exhaustion. Large (+8.54%, d = 0.8) and small (+3.1%, d = 0.3) differences in absolute (L·min−1) and relative (ml·kg−1·min−1) Vo
2max were found between FR and AR, respectively. Trivial differences (d = 0.07) were shown in running economy (RE) (6 minutes at 8 km·h−1) between AR and FR. Using the scaling notation (b = 0.64), medium and significant differences were found between match officials for Vo
2max and RE (FR > AR; d = 0.6 and 0.67, respectively). Using receiver operating characteristic curve statistics, cutoff values of 3.93 L·min−1 and 50.6 ml·kg−1·min−1 were detected in absolute and relative Vo
2max for the FR and the AR (FR > AR), respectively. The FR showed superior aerobic fitness compared with AR. Training prescription should consider intensities at anaerobic threshold speed (14 km·h−1, 91% heart rate max) when aerobic fitness development is the aim in elite officials.
Nondestructive Evaluation of Solid Pharmaceutical Products Using Wavelet Transformations and Multispectral Data
Authors: Tahir Fahima , Fahiem Muhammad Abuzar , Farhan Saima , Tauseef Huma 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The nondestructive analysis of a solid pharmaceutical product (SPP) is essential to evaluating the quality without destroying the product. This analysis may be performed using various signal processing techniques on multispectral data. Based on this analysis, the SPPs may be classified as defective or nondefective. In this research, we have used multispectral data and applied wavelet transformations in conjunction with various machine learning techniques for the classification. The SPPs (categorized as defective) are exposed to three different environmental factors (humidity, temperature, and moisture) over different time periods, and the variations in multispectral data are analyzed to judge the effects of these factors on the classification of the SPPs. The results show that the spectra extracted from only the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range are more suitable for the classification of defective and nondefective SPPs. Furthermore, results also describe that the K-nearest neighbors classifier or ensemble of classifiers is a more appropriate classifier.
Underreporting trends of occupational illnesses in Mexico
Authors: Moreno-Torres Luis Antonio , Ventura-Alfaro Carmelita Elizabeth 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Objective
To report trends underreporting levels of occupational illnesses (OI) in Mexico from 2000 to 2015.

Methods
An ecological study was conducted. Data on OI was obtained from the Statistical Memories of the Mexican Institute of Social Security. We used univariate sensitivity analysis to estimate the average value and range.

Results
During the 2000-2015 period, the estimated average OI underreporting in the Mexican population was 89.1%; the minimum was 81.8% in 2015 and the maximum 95% in 2007, with an annual decrement rate of 1% (p&lt;0.05) was observed from 2007 to 2015.

Conclusions
Important changes to improve reporting of OI have taken place since 2007, most likely due to the implementation of new policies in this matter. Even though the OI report in Mexico is higher than what the World Health Organization estimates for Latin America (18% in 2015), activities to address this problem remain insufficient. Furthermore, it is important to evaluate the current process of identification and registration of OI in order to identify those that need reinforcement, to guarantee adherence to regulations, to consolidate training systems, and importantly, to develop the governing capacity of the sanitation and labor authorities to exercise their coordinating and regulatory functions.
Whole body vibration and blood glucose levels in elderly people: a pilot study
Authors: Licurci Maria das Graças Bastos , Fagundes Alessandra De Almeida , Arisawa Emilia Angela Lo Schiavo 
Published: November 2017

***Whole body vibration and blood glucose levels in elderly people: a pilot study***AIMS: To evaluate the effect of whole-body vibration therapy on blood glucose levels of elderly people using a vibratory platform.METHODS: The study included volunteers of both genders, aged between 60 and 75 years, without gait disorders or motor disabilities. Individuals with systemic disease, obesity, conflicting treatments, tobacco users, and those who could not understand the maneuvers were excluded. The study consisted of a single session of whole-body vibration. Heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure, and blood glucose were obtained for each participant at baseline, immediately before the procedure. Volunteers were then placed in the standing position on the ground of an oscillating platform and treated for 10 min with a frequency of vibration set at 20 Hz (displacement ±6 mm; orbital vibration). Immediately after the whole-body vibration session, all data were collected again. Comparisons were made between baseline and post-treatment data. Normality was tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Data were analyzed using paired Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon test as appropriate. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.RESULTS: Eleven participants (seven men, four women) participated of the study. The mean age was 64.18±4.37 years. The results showed a significant decrease in the glycemic indexes (p=0.016) and an increase in the respiratory rate (p=0.047) after the whole-body vibration session.CONCLUSIONS: Healthy elderly subjected for 10 minutes to whole-body vibration set at 20 Hz presented reduction of blood glucose levels and increasing of respiratory rate.
Increasing Certainty in Formation Evaluation Utilizing Advanced Mud Logging Gas Analysis
Authors: Ighodalo Endurance , Davies Graham , D’Souza Steve Austin , Ahmed Abdelhamid 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Recent developments in surface logging and the need for sophisticated information on reservoir content and type in the oil industry have led to the availability of real-time advanced fluid solutions assisting in informed decisions while drilling.
The objective of this study was to identify possible fluid contacts and acquire PVT quality sample data while drilling Paleozoic formations. This is accomplished by extracting and analysing formation gas from the drilling fluid employing the Advanced Formation Gas Extraction System for formation evaluation with a high-resolution chromatograph.
The Advanced Formation Gas Extraction System provided consistent flow and heated mud and maintained constant temperature conditions. Thus, it provided an accurate chromatographic breakdown of the formation gas extracted from the drilling fluid at surface. The chromatograph was able to detect the hydrocarbons from the light to heavy factions, methane (C1) to pentane (C5), and also extended the detection range to include the dominant C6, C7, C8, aromatics and lighter alkenes.
Gas ratio analysis of the detected hydrocarbon components enabled us to evaluate the reservoir fluid content and to identify and characterize the formation fluid and possible fluid contacts.
The results, validated by correlation and comparison with other data such as wireline logs, well tests and PVT results assisted in the characterization of lithological changes, possible fluid contacts, vertical fluid differentiation in multi-layered intervals, and drill bit metamorphism (thermal cracking) effect.
The comparison between surface gas data analysis and PVT data confirms the consistency between the gas show and the corresponding reservoir fluid composition.
Young Scientists’ Forum Poznań 23.11.2017
Authors: Kaźmierska Joanna 
Published: November 2017

Koleżanki i Koledzy,serdecznie zapraszamy wszystkich Młodych Naukowców, do udziału w kolejnej edycji Young Scientists’ Forum, które odbędzie się 23.11.2017 r. w Poznaniu.Jest to konferencja dedykowana młodym naukowcom przed 35 rokiem życia, specjalizującym się w radioterapii, fizyce medycznej oraz radiobiologii. Forum stwarza doskonałą okazję do wymiany doświadczeń zawodowych oraz zawierania nowych kontaktów na poziomie krajowym i międzynarodowym. Honorowy patronat naukowy nad wydarzeniem objął profesor Julian Malicki - Dyrektor Wielkopolskiego Centrum Onkologii. Zgłoszone abstrakty będzie oceniało międzynarodowe jury, reprezentowane przez światowych ekspertów z dziedziny radioterapii, radiobiologii oraz fizyki medycznej.W tym roku udział w komitecie naukowym potwierdzili: Prof. Wolfgang Doerr (Austria), Prof. Jesper Grau Eriksen (Dania), Prof. Filipe Garcia Moura (Portugalia), Prof. Philip Poortmans (Francja), Prof. Daniela Thorwarth (Niemcy).Prace zaakceptowane do prezentacji ustnej będą przedstawione w formie 10 minutowej prezentacji i 10 minutowej dyskusji. Obie części wystąpienia są jednakowo oceniane – zarówno pomysł, wyniki prezentowanego badania, jak i umiejętność przeprowadzenia naukowej dyskusji.Dla autorów najwyżej ocenionych prac przewidziane są różnorodne nagrody wspierające karierę i rozwój naukowy:Dla autorów najlepszych prac przewidziano następujące nagrody:1 miejsce - udział w wybranym kursie europejskim ESTRO 2018 (opłata konferencyjna, zakwaterowanie, koszty podróży)2 miejsce - udział w wybranej konferencji europejskiej o tematyce onkologicznej (opłata konferencyjna, zakwaterowanie, koszty podróży)3 miejsce - roczna prenumerata Reports of Practical Oncology and RadiotherapySerdecznie zapraszamy do udziału!W imieniu Komitetu Naukowegodr Joanna Kaźmierska