bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cómo aproximarnos a la cuestión de la democracia en Centroamérica
Authors: Salazar Valiente Mario 
Published: January 2016

<p>Análisis de las formas democráticas en que se expresan los movimientos de la región, especialmente el Estado revolucionario nicaragüense y SU régimen. Sostiene que el método de análisis de la democracia latinoamericana debe ceñirse a la realidad concreta e investigar la totalidad de la dialéctica social.</p>
Haití: un reto de la esperanza
Authors: Gilbert Randolph 
Published: January 2016

<p>Durante los últimos 30 años Haití careció de los derechos ciudadanos más elementales y tuvo el menor desarrollo económico. El logro de garantas es condición impostergable del desenvolvimiento económico y humano, que requiere de una amplia participación social. Aristide surge como una respuesta a la embestida neoduvalierista , cada vez más virulenta, y abre una transición democrática portadora de una doble legitimidad, tanto electoral como popular. Ponencia al Coloquio Democracia Política, Democracia Social en América Latina.</p>
Las caras de Jano. Teorías actuales sobre la democracia en América Latina
Authors: Oliver Costilla Lucio 
Published: January 2016

<p>Critica comparativa de tres teorías sobre la democracia política en Latinoamérica desarrolladas por distintos organismos y autores. Versan entre el ideal, la revalorización y la inexistencia de la democracia bajo diversas circunstancias. Concuerdan con la necesidad de un cambio, paulatino o radical, de la cultura política. Concluye que las tres no se ajustan a la realidad y que carecen de un tratamiento profundo del papel de las clases sociales y sus objetivos particulares.</p>
Periodismo heroico, moral y virilidad revolucionaria: la juventud y la mujer en la revista Por Qué?, 1968-1974
Authors: Sánchez Sierra Juan Carlos 
Published: January 2016

<p align="justify"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">A través de un abordaje conceptual y empírico, en este artículo se propone un análisis de las transformaciones del periodismo de oposición entre las décadas de 1960 y 1970 a la luz de Por Qué?, una de las publicaciones más representativas de la época. Además de contener un tono paternalista y condescendiente, el examen del discurso moralista del periodismo de oposición evidencia cómo la izquierda, al promover entre jóvenes y mujeres la adopción de posiciones críticas frente al régimen político mexicano, construía un ideal de periodismo heroico que era refrendado por los efectos de la represión entre sus más notables líderes. Esta investigación propone algunas líneas de interpretación sobre la progresiva formación de un periodismo alternativo a la “gran prensa” favorecida por el régimen, y el papel que el periodismo heroico jugó en la idealización de subjetividades que vehiculadas en un ideal revolucionario mantuvieron marginada la participación femenina y juvenil en el ámbito político mexicano.</span></p><p align="justify"> </p>
The Influence of Comprehensive Nursing Intervention on the Negative Emotion and Quality of Life of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Fei Wenfang 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> The study discussed the influence of comprehensive nursing intervention on the negative emotion and quality of life of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. <strong>Method:</strong> 118 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were collected in our department, who were randomly allocated to the two groups. In the intervention group (59 cases), in addition to conventional nursing, the patients also received the comprehensive nursing intervention based on health education, psychological guidance, cognitive-behavioral change and encouragement of social support. The control group (59 cases) received conventional nursing. The differences of negative emotion and quality of life between two groups were analyzed by the negative emotion subscale and quality of life scale (WHONQOL-BREF) in the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). <strong>Results:</strong> The quality of life in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group after intervention, and the negative emotion was significant lower than the control group. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The comprehensive nursing intervention, based on health education, psychological guidance and encouragement of social support, could significantly reduce the negative emotion of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, improved the quality of life.</p>
DISKRESI HAKIM:POLA PENYELESAIAN KASUS DISPENSASI PERKAWINAN
Authors: Ramadhita Ramadhita 
Published: January 2016

Underage marriage is still a problem for developing countries, including Indonesia. Various national and international research shows that the model has the potential marriage has increased in the decade ahead. In Indonesia, the marriage age limit set is 19 years for men and 16 years for women. Only, this limitation may file a dispensation remained unfulfilled by marriage to the religious court. The absence of standards in the Marriage Act opened the opportunity for the judges to make a decision based on its own initiative, which tends to refer to the texts of fiqh. The implication, most requests are always granted dispensation, so that it is as a causative factor of underage marriage.
PROGRESIFITAS FORMULASI HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Yasin Mohamad Nur 
Published: January 2016

The chronological journey of sharia economic law begin from a level of normative-indicative consisting Quranic verses until to be indicate that there is progressive massively. Each phase appearing indicate the axistance of intensive dialog of civilization and cultur between the law of syariah economic and the law of conventional economic. The intensive-interactive dialog appears a product of new thought reconstructively basing logic of discover (logika temuan baru) and not logic of repetition (logika mengulang-ngulang). In the middle of interconnection of economic, social, politic, and law, the writer formulates four conceptual phases pharadigmatically representing long journey of syariah economic law begin from syariah era, fiqh era, qânûn era, and qadla era.
PERSAMAAN DERAJAT TERHADAP PEMBAGIAN HAK WARIS ANAK DALAM PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 46/PUU-VIII/2010
Authors: Abidah Atik 
Published: January 2016

This research aims to analyze the equality rights of biological children in the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia number: 46/PUU-VIII/2010 and its legal consequence. This research included in the normative legal research that used a statue approach and case study approach. The research’s data analyzed using preskriptive-analytic methode and hermeneutic methode. The Research’s results showed that the decision of Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia number: 46/PUU-VIII/2010 expand the interpretation of the concept of nasab from legal children towards biological children to achieve the equality and the sense of fairness. This verdict also expand the interpretation of the evidence. The relationship between parents and their childrens can be proved with the aid of science and technology. The similarity of DNA / RNA betwen parents and their childern is the ratio legis ('illat al-hukm) that into consideration the biological children acquire the civil rights, including inheritance rights.
From Charles Darwin’s comments to the first mention of South American giant fossil birds: Auguste Bravard’s catalogue of fossil species from Argentina (1860) and its significance
Authors: Buffetaut Eric 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn 1860, the French geologist and palaeontologist Auguste Bravard (1803–1861) circulated a small number of copies of a hand-written and lithographed catalogue of the fossils he had collected in various parts of Argentina over a period of about eight years. Although the existence of this catalogue has been mentioned by various authors, it has never been really published in full. A facsimile reproduction is provided here. The contents of the catalogue and reactions to them are discussed, with special attention to comments in the correspondence between Charles Lyell and Charles Darwin. These comments were largely about Bravard’s identification among his fossils from Argentina of the genera Palaeotherium and Anoplotherium, well known components of the Late Eocene mammal fauna from the Montmartre gypsum, in the Paris Basin. This identification was later shown to be erroneous by Gervais, Burmeister and Ameghino. Bravard’s catalogue also includes what appears to be the first mention of fossil giant ground birds (Phorusrhacidae) in South America.
Découverte du matériel type de Niso eburnea Risso, 1826, espèce type du genre Niso Risso, 1826 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Eulimidae) et implications taxonomiques
Authors: Pacaud Jean-Michel 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
En 1826, Risso a décrit l’espèce Niso eburnea, un gastéropode du Zancléen (Pliocène inférieur) de la Trinité à Nice (Alpes-Maritimes), espèce type de son nouveau genre Niso. Compte tenu des informations souvent inexactes sur l’espèce type du genre NisoRisso, 1826 nous redonnons ici une description et des figures de cette espèce. Par ailleurs, le matériel type de Niso eburneaRisso, 1826, de la collection Risso, considéré comme perdu, a été récemment découvert dans la Collection de Paléontologie du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle de Paris. Un lectotype est désigné ici pour fixer le statut de cette espèce.
Proximal quasi-normal structure in convex metric spaces
Authors: Gabeleh Moosa 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We consider, in the setting of convex metric spaces, a new class of Kannan type cyclic orbital contractions, and study the existence of its best proximity points. The same problem is then discussed for relatively Kannan nonexpansive mappings, by using the concept of proximal quasi-normal structure. In this way, we extend the main results in Abkar and Gabeleh [A. Abkar and M. Gabeleh, J. Nonlin. Convex Anal. 14 (2013), 653-659].
An introduction to the theory of algebraic multi-hyperring spaces
Authors: Hila Kostaq , Davvaz Bijan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A Smarandache multi-space is a union of n different spaces equipped with some different structures for an integer n ≥ 2 which can be used both for discrete or connected spaces, particularly for geometries and spacetimes in theoretical physics. In this paper, applying the Smarandaches notion and combining this with hyperrings in hyperring theory, we introduce the notion of multi-hyperring space and initiate a study of multi-hyperring theory. Some characterizations and properties of multi-hyperring spaces are investigated and obtained. Some open problems are suggested for further study and investigation.
Diameter and girth of Torsion Graph
Authors: Rad P. Malakooti , Yassemi S. , Ghalandarzadeh Sh. , Safari P. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Let R be a commutative ring with identity. Let M be an R-module and T (M)* be the set of nonzero torsion elements. The set T(M)* makes up the vertices of the corresponding torsion graph, Γ
R
(M), with two distinct vertices x, y ∈ T(M)* forming an edge if Ann(x) ∩ Ann(y) ≠ 0. In this paper we study the case where the graph Γ
R
(M) is connected with diam(Γ
R
(M)) ≤ 3 and we investigate the relationship between the diameters of Γ
R
(M) and Γ
R
(R). Also we study girth of Γ
R
(M), it is shown that if Γ
R
(M) contains a cycle, then gr(Γ
R
(M)) = 3.
Finite groups in which normality, permutability or Sylow permutability is transitive
Authors: Malinowska Izabela Agata 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Y. Li gave a characterization of the class of finite soluble groups in which every subnormal subgroup is normal by means of NE-subgroups: a subgroup H of a group G is called an NE-subgroup of G if NG
(H) ∩ HG
= H. We obtain a new characterization of these groups related to the local Wielandt subgroup. We also give characterizations of the classes of finite soluble groups in which every subnormal subgroup is permutable or Sylow permutable in terms of NE-subgroups.
Serum trace metals in Pre-Eclamptic Nigerians
Authors: Ikaraoha Ikechukwu Chidiebere , Mbadiwe Nkeiruka Chigaekwu , Anetor John Ibhagbemien , Ojareva Isreal Agware 
Published: January 2016

Background: The role of trace metals in Pathogenesis of Pre-eclampsia has received insufficient attention in Nigeria.Materials and Methods: We examined the effect of serum levels of some trace metals; selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn) in the development of pre-eclampsia in Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 59 pre-eclamptic, 150 normal pregnant and 122 non pregnant women. Serum Se, Zn, Cu, Co and Mn were determined by AAS.Results: Result shows significantly lower serum Se, Zn, Cu, Cu: Zn ratio, Co and Mn in pre-eclamptics compared to normal pregnant women (p<0.001). Comparison of normal pregnant women and controls showed non significant difference in the zinc level (P>0.05), significantly lower levels of serum Se, Co, Mn (p<0.00011, p=0.0022, p<0.0001 respectively) and significantly raised copper level (p<0.001) in normal pregnant women compared to controls. Serum Se, Zn, Co and Mn were significantly lower (p<0.001) while serum copper and Cu: Zn ratio were significantly higher (p<0.001) in pregnant women compared to controls. ANOVA shows significant progressive decreases in serum Se, Zn Co and Mn, from controls to normal pregnant women and pre-eclamptics (p<0.0001).Conclusion: Decreases in serum level of Se, Zn, Cu, Cu: Zn ratio, Co and Mn may play important role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 7(3) 2016 78-83
Surface-site reactivity in small-molecule adsorption: A theoretical study of thiol binding on multi-coordinated gold clusters
Authors: Ting Elvis C M , Popa Tatiana , Paci Irina 
Published: January 2016

Background: The adsorption of organic molecules on metal surfaces has a broad array of applications, from device engineering to medical diagnosis. The most extensively investigated class of metal–molecule complexes is the adsorption of thiols on gold.Results: In the present manuscript, we investigate the dependence of methylthiol adsorption structures and energies on the degree of unsaturation at the metal binding site. We designed an Au20 cluster with a broad range of metal site coordination numbers, from 3 to 9, and examined the binding conditions of methylthiol at the various sites.Conclusion: We found that despite the small molecular size, the dispersive interactions of the backbone are a determining factor in the molecular affinity for various sites. Kink sites were preferred binding locations due to the availability of multiple surface atoms for dispersive interactions with the methyl groups, whereas tip sites experienced low affinity, despite having low coordination numbers.
BRIGHT [C ii] AND DUST EMISSION IN THREE z > 6.6 QUASAR HOST GALAXIES OBSERVED BY ALMA
Authors: Venemans Bram P. , Walter Fabian , Zschaechner Laura , Decarli Roberto , De Rosa Gisella , Findlay Joseph R. , McMahon Richard G. , Sutherland Will J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We present ALMA detections of the [C ii] 158 μm emission line and the underlying far-infrared (FIR) continuum of three quasars at 6.6 < z < 6.9 selected from the VIKING survey. The [C ii] line fluxes range between 1.6 and 3.4 Jy km s−1 ([C ii] luminosities ∼(1.9–3.9) × 109
L
⊙). We measure continuum flux densities of 0.56–3.29 mJy around 158 μm (rest frame), with implied FIR luminosities of (0.6–7.5) × 1012
L
⊙ and dust masses M

d
= (0.7–24) × 108
M
⊙. In one quasar we derive a dust temperature of

K from the continuum slope, below the canonical value of 47 K. Assuming that the [C ii] and continuum emission are powered by star formation, we find star formation rates from 100 to 1600 M
⊙ yr−1 based on local scaling relations. The L
[C ii]/L
FIR ratios in the quasar hosts span a wide range from (0.3–4.6) × 10−3, including one quasar with a ratio that is consistent with local star-forming galaxies. We find that the strength of the L
[C ii] and 158 μm continuum emission in z ≳ 6 quasar hosts correlates with the quasar’s bolometric luminosity. In one quasar, the [C ii] line is significantly redshifted by ∼1700 km s−1 with respect to the Mg ii broad emission line. Comparing to values in the literature, we find that, on average, the Mg ii is blueshifted by 480 km s−1 (with a standard deviation of 630 km s−1) with respect to the host galaxy redshift, i.e., one of our quasars is an extreme outlier. Through modeling we can rule out a flat rotation curve for our brightest [C ii] emitter. Finally, we find that the ratio of black hole mass to host galaxy (dynamical) mass is higher by a factor of 3–4 (with significant scatter) than local relations.
New and poorly known Holarctic species of Boletina Staeger, 1840 (Diptera, Mycetophilidae)
Authors: Salmela Jukka , Suuronen Anna , Kaunisto Kari 
Published: January 2016

The genus Boletina is a species rich group of fungus gnats. Members of the genus are mainly known from temperate, boreal and arctic biomes. Phylogeny of the genus is still poorly resolved, dozens of species are insufficiently described and undescribed species are often discovered, especially from samples taken from the boreal zone.
Four new species are described. Boletina valteri Salmela sp.n. (Finland), Boletina kullervoi Salmela sp.n. (Finland), B. hyperborea Salmela sp.n. (Finland, Norway, Sweden, Canada) and B. nuortti Salmela sp.n. (Finland). Boletina arctica Holmgren is redescribed and reported for the first time from the Canadian high arctic zone. Boletina borealis Zetterstedt and B. birulai Lundström are reported for the first time from Canada. Boletina subnitidula Sasakawa (syn. n.) is proposed as a junior synonym of B. pallidula Edwards.
La politique scientifique du CNRS pour la « recherche sur la recherche »
Authors: Vilkas Catherine 
Published: January 2016

Nous nous intéressons ici à la branche de la sociologie qui prend pour objet les sciences elles-mêmes et dont l’émergence dans l’hexagone fut le fait de quelques précurseurs au cours des années 1960-1970, avant un déploiement dans d’autres directions lors des décennies suivantes. Plusieurs modes d’intervention furent utilisés au CNRS pour renforcer ce domaine, avec plus ou moins de succès. Du groupe de travail au financement incitatif sur programme, de la création d’équipe à celle d’une commission d’évaluation, les instruments de pilotage mobilisés permirent d’accroître les études sociales des sciences sans toutefois structurer véritablement une « communauté scientifique ».
Des statistiques aux démos. Evaluer, gérer et promouvoir la recherche européenne.
Authors: Rosental Claude 
Published: January 2016

Cet article porte sur les usages des statistiques et des démonstrations publiques de technologie (« démos ») dans le cadre de l’évaluation, de la gestion et de la promotion des sciences et des technologies. L’étude part d’investigations empiriques que j’ai réalisées au cours de ces dernières années sur la gestion d’un grand programme de recherche européen dans le domaine des technologies de l’information. L’enquête montre comment la quantification des activités de recherche et la réalisation de démos sont devenues des outils clefs pour la construction de l’Europe en tant que communauté politique et scientifique. Une approche réflexive du recours à ces outils apparait nécessaire dans la mesure où ces derniers possèdent un impact important sur la pratique des sciences.
Modernity, Islam and an African Culture
Authors: Oyeshile Olatunji A 
Published: January 2016

The human quest for the meaning of life is an unending one marked by undulating landscapes. In order to confront the flux of experience generated by this quest for meaning, the human embraces science, morality, politics and religion. Religion is said to provide the basis for transcendental values which give humans succour after the physical and material struggles have ended. At the same time, religion also uses the observable social world as the starting point for the embrace of transcendental values. In this essay, an attempt is made to examine the interconnectedness of modernity (which has its basis in the social world), Islam (which provides the human with transcendental values) and an African culture (which serves as a nexus of modernity and Islam). The essay is basically an exercise in analysis whereby the readers are made to draw some compelling inferences.Keywords: Modernity, Islam, African culture, Values, Human happiness
Fetal Organ Volume Measurements by Three-dimensional Ultrasonography in Clinical Practice
Authors: Ruano Rodrigo 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The present manuscript reviews the main three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) methods that are clinically available to measure fetal organ volumes. Nowadays, it is possible to measure the volume of different organs (lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands and brain) using 3DUS. Those measurements are clinically useful to predict pulmonary hypoplasia, cardiac dysfunction and anomalies, fetal growth, renal function and prematurity as well as to predict adequate and normal neurodevelopment.

How to cite this article
Ruano R. Fetal Organ Volume Measurements by Three-dimensional Ultrasonography in Clinical Practice. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(4):397-407.
Role of the State-of-the-Art Three-dimensional Ultrasound in the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Ovarian Masses
Authors: Raga Francisco , Caballero Oscar , Bonilla Francisco , Bonilla-Musoles Fernando , Carlos Castillo Juan , Eduardo Machado Luiz 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Modern three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound tools, HDlive and radiance system architecture or silhouette offer unique ways for assessing women with ovarian masses; providing realistic 3D reconstructions of the ovarian tumors, together with essential information to facilitate the differentiation between benignity and malignancy of ovarian masses.

How to cite this article
Bonilla F Jr, Raga F, Caballero O, Castillo JC, Machado LE, Bonilla-Musoles F. Role of the Stateof- the-Art Three-dimensional Ultrasound in the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Ovarian Masses. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(4):446-461.
HDliveFlow in the Assessment of Fetal Circulation
Authors: Sajapala Suraphan 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
With the appearance of the latest three/four-dimensional (3D/4D) ultrasound machine (HDliveFlow, Voluson E10, GE Healthcare, Zipf, Austria), HDliveFlow with glass-body rendering mode or silhouette mode will facilitate more precise assessments of the fetal heart and peripheral circulation. The resolution of 3D/4D color/power Doppler using the HDlive technique shows a significant improvement compared to conventional 3D/4D color/power Doppler and the fetal heart with great vessels, small peripheral vessels, and placental blood flow can now be clearly recognized. HDliveFlow with glass-body rendering mode or silhouette mode combines the advantages of a spatial view of the great arteries in addition to the visualization of anatomical landmarks, such as the spine or diaphragm. Its use may provide potential advantages in cases of congenital heart anomalies and placental vascularity over the use of conventional 3D/4D color/power Doppler. This novel technique may assist in the evaluation of the fetal cardiovascular system and fetoplacental vascularity, and offer potential advantages relative to conventional 2D color/power Doppler assessments. In this article, we present the latest state-of-the-art HDliveFlow with glass-body rendering mode or silhouette mode of normal and abnormal fetal hearts, placentas, and umbilical cords. We also discuss the present and future applicability of 3D/4D color/ power Doppler to assess the fetal circulation. HDliveFlow with glass-body rendering mode or silhouette mode may become an important modality in future research on fetal cardiac and placental blood flow, and assist in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal congenital heart disease and placental vascular abnormalities.

How to cite this article
Hata T, AboEllail MAM, Sajapala S, Ito M. HDliveFlow in the Assessment of Fetal Circulation. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(4):462-470.