bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thromboinflammatory Functions of Platelets in Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury and Its Dysregulation in Diabetes
Authors: Maiocchi Sophie , Alwis Imala , Wu Mike , Yuan Yuping , Jackson Shaun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIschemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is a common complication of a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction (MI). While timely re-establishment of blood flow in a thrombosed artery is the primary goal of acute therapy in these diseases, paradoxically, reperfusion of ischemic tissue can cause widespread microvascular dysfunction that significantly exacerbates organ damage. Reperfusion injury is associated with activation of the humoral and cellular components of the hemostatic and innate immune systems and also with excessive reactive oxygen species production, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, and inflammation. Platelets are critical mediators of thromboinflammation during reperfusion injury and a hyperactive platelet phenotype may contribute to an exaggerated IR injury response. This is particularly relevant to diabetes which is characteristically associated with hyperactive platelets, significantly worse IR injury, increased organ damage, and increased risk of death. However, the mechanisms underlying vulnerability to IR injury in diabetic individuals is not well defined, nor the role of “diabetic platelets” in this process. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the role of platelets in promoting microvascular dysfunction and inflammation in the context of IR injury. Furthermore, the authors discuss aspects of the thromboinflammatory function of platelets that are dysregulated in diabetes. They conclude that diabetes likely enhances the capacity of platelets to mediate microvascular thrombosis and inflammation during IR injury, which has potentially important implications for the future design of antiplatelet agents that can reduce microvascular dysfunction and inflammation.
Does Intravenous Acetaminophen Improve Postoperative Pain Control after Laparoscopic Appendectomy for Perforated Appendicitis? A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Sola Richard , Desai Amita , Gonzalez Katherine , Doyle Nichole , Weaver Katrina , Poola Ashwini , Fraser Jason , St Peter Shawn , Millspaugh Daniel 
Published: January 2018

Introduction The recent increased awareness of the dangers of opioids in the United States has highlighted the need to minimize narcotics and identify nonopioid options for pain control after surgery. With evidence suggesting that intravenous acetaminophen (IVA) can be an opioid sparing option, we conducted a prospective, randomized trial that evaluated the effect of IVA on the postoperative pain course of children with perforated appendicitis.
Materials and Methods After IRB approval, children with perforated appendicitis were randomized to receive postoperative IVA with the standard patient/nurse-controlled analgesia (PCA) or to receive the PCA alone. All patients were treated according to an evidence-based treatment protocol. The primary outcome was duration of time on PCA.
Results Eighty-two patients were analyzed from 7/14 to 11/15. There was no statistically significant difference in the time to transition from the PCA to oral pain medications for children given IVA compared with children not receiving IVA (76.4 ± 32.5 versus 86.7 ± 49.3 hours; p = 0.73). Children in the IVA group had no statistically significant difference in intravenous narcotics delivered and pain scores compared with the non-IVA group. There was no significant difference in the amount of oral narcotics between both groups (2.8 ± 2.4 versus 2.9 ± 2.5; p = 0.88). Patients who received IVA had higher medication charges ($3752.7 ± 1618.3 vs. $1198.19 ± 521.51; p < 0.01), but not total hospital charges ($53842.0 ± 19409.2 vs. $50501.03 ± 16223.32; p = 0.76).
Conclusion Children given IVA showed no difference in the transition time off the PCA and to oral pain medications after laparoscopic appendectomy for perforated appendicitis.
The Role of Barbed Sutures in Wound Closure Following Knee and Hip Arthroplasty: A Review
Authors: Faour Mhamad , Khlopas Anton , Elmallah Randa , Chughtai Morad , Kolisek Frank , Barrington John , Mont Michael 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLower extremity joint arthroplasty procedures often require a large incision to have an adequate exposure, which subsequently leads to lengthy wounds that may contribute to long closure, anesthesia, and overall operative times. The recently introduced knotless barbed suture may provide better outcomes, faster closure time, and decreased material utilization. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the impact of barbed sutures on: (1) wound-related complications; (2) closure and operative time; (3) patient outcomes (range of motion and Knee Society Scores [KSS]); and (4) effects on cosmesis and patients' satisfaction. A literature search was performed using up to February 2017. Barbed sutures were associated with shorter closure times, shorter operative times, and larger cost savings per procedure as well as comparable wound complication rates after total joint arthroplasty. Although the current review is limited by the number of studies included, it demonstrates that overall, barbed sutures contribute to surgical efficiency when compared with conventional skin closure modalities.
Clinical Outcomes Following Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Hamstring Autograft versus Planned Hybrid Graft
Authors: Kim Seong , Brown Colin , Houck Darby , Domby Brian , Reynolds Kirk , McCarty Eric , Kraeutler Matthew 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFew studies have compared outcomes between autografts versus hybrid grafts (combination of autograft and allograft) for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this study was to compare revision rate and patient-reported outcomes following primary ACLR with a hamstring autograft versus a preoperatively planned hybrid autograft-allograft. At a minimum 2-year follow-up, patients who had undergone primary ACLR with a double-stranded semitendinosus and gracilis hamstring autograft (A) or a planned hybrid (H) graft (single-strand semitendinosus with nonirradiated peroneus longus or tibialis posterior allograft) were contacted to fill out a survey containing the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), and visual analog scale (VAS) for activity level prior to injury and at follow-up. From this collection of patients, a matched-pair comparison was made between groups, with patients matched by gender, age at the time of surgery, and follow-up time. Revision rate at follow-up was 8.4 and 2.4% in the A and H groups, respectively (p = 0.073). A total of 148 surveys were completed (83 A, 65 H), from which 36 matched pairs were formed. Within the matched pairs, average age at surgery did not differ significantly between groups (A: 35.7 years, H: 36.0 years, p = 0.23). Time to follow-up was 4.3 and 3.7 years in the A and H groups, respectively. Patients with a hybrid graft had significantly higher KOOS Quality of Life subscores (A 69.6, H 79.2, p = 0.028), subjective IKDC scores (A 72.6, H 79.7, p = 0.031), and SANE scores (A 83.2, H 91.4, p = 0.015) at follow-up. Otherwise, no significant differences were found in patient-reported outcome scores between groups. A preoperatively planned hybrid graft, with use of a fresh-frozen, nonirradiated allograft, should be considered as a viable alternative for primary ACLR in older patients.
Die Bedeutung von Resilienzfaktoren für pflegende Angehörige von Demenzpatienten – eine Übersicht zu ausgewählten Faktoren
Authors: Kunzler Angela , Skoluda Nadine , Nater Urs 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungDie informelle Pflege von Demenzerkrankten gewinnt angesichts des demografischen Wandels zunehmend an Bedeutung. Durch das Krankheitsbild der Demenz und anhaltende Pflegeanforderungen ist diese Subgruppe pflegender Angehöriger allerdings zahlreichen Stressoren ausgesetzt. Viele Pflegende erleben als Resultat chronischen Stress und sind physisch wie psychisch gesundheitlich stark belastet. Auf Basis der aktuellen Forschung zu Resilienz, d. h. der „seelischen Widerstandskraft“, wächst das Interesse an der Identifizierung von Resilienzfaktoren, die als Ressourcen bei der Bewältigung der Pflege fungieren und Angehörige Demenzkranker vor gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen schützen können. Das Review stellt die Rolle von Resilienzfaktoren im Zusammenhang von chronischen Pflegestressoren und Gesundheit dar. Bei der Analyse des aktuellen Forschungsstands zu Resilienzfaktoren für Angehörige Demenzkranker werden die Faktoren Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung, Beziehungsqualität und soziale Unterstützung betrachtet.
Conserved features of the primate face code
Authors: Stevens Charles F. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
This work identifies properties of a combinatorial face code that are conserved across all 2,000 faces tested. The same properties of a combinatorial olfactory code in insects has earlier been shown to be preserved across odors and odor mixtures. That the same features of combinatorial codes are conserved for two such different systems (primate vision and insect olfaction) raises the possibility that these conserved features of a code may be used for similar computations.
CDC42 binds PAK4 via an extended GTPase-effector interface
Authors: Ha Byung Hak , Boggon Titus J. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
The p21-activated kinase (PAK) group of serine/threonine kinases are downstream effectors of RHO GTPases and play important roles in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, cell growth, survival, polarity, and development. Here we study the PAK PAK4 and its interaction with its small GTPase, CDC42. Using X-ray crystallography and solution scattering we discover that kinase and small GTPase bind one another in an unexpected fashion with additional unpredicted interactions. This represents an exciting precedent for kinase–GTPase interactions whereby extended interfaces, outside of the canonical GTPase binding site, can influence binding, specificity, and kinase activity.
Migration-based selections of antibodies that convert bone marrow into trafficking microglia-like cells that reduce brain amyloid β
Authors: Han Kyung Ho , Arlian Britni M. , Macauley Matthew S. , Paulson James C. , Lerner Richard A. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
A migration-based selection system is used to identify antibodies from combinatorial libraries that induce stem cells to both differentiate and selectively traffic to different tissues in adult animals. Significantly, a single agonist antibody induces microglia-like cells, which have the capacity to migrate to the brain and decrease amyloid beta deposition in the brain.
Differences in Mental, Cognitive, and Functional Health by Sexual Orientation Among Older Women: Analysis of the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Authors: Seelman Kristie L 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background and Objectives
This study addresses a gap in the knowledge base regarding whether there are differences in mental, cognitive, and functional health between sexual minority women aged 65 and older and their heterosexual counterparts, as well as whether disparities are moderated by age, socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity.

Research Design and Methods
This study analyzes 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 21 states. Multivariate logistic regression is used to test the hypotheses.

Results
Compared to heterosexual women, lesbian/gay women aged 65 and older report worse functional health and bisexual women report worse cognitive health and more difficulties with instrumental activities of daily living. Disparities are particularly present for women in their late 60s and those in their 70s. While the likelihood of a depression diagnosis tends to be lower for heterosexual women with higher income, the inverse is true of sexual minority women. Additionally, sexual minority women with less education have lower odds of frequent mental distress and activity limitations than those with some college education. Sexual minority women of color have significantly lower odds of frequent mental distress, activity limitations, and use of special equipment compared to white sexual minority women.

Discussion and Implications
Findings indicate a need for gerontological services that provide support to older sexual minority women, particularly in relation to cognitive and functional health. Future research is needed to understand risk and protective factors contributing to these disparities, including forms of resilience that occur among older sexual minority women of color.
Fish aggregating sound technique (FAST): how low-frequency sound could be used in fishing and ranching of cod
Authors: Björnsson Björn 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In marine fisheries, considerable development has occurred in capture technology. Yet, some of the current fishing methods impact the environment by large greenhouse gas emission, harmful effects to benthic communities, and/or high bycatch of juvenile and unwanted species. It is proposed that for some fish species these deficiencies could be mitigated by classical conditioning using sound and food reward to concentrate wild fish before capture with environmentally friendly fishing gear. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), which globally is among the fish species with the highest landed value, can be acoustically trained. In a sea cage, it takes about a week to train a group of naïve cod to associate low frequency (250 Hz) sound with food, whereas the training of a group of naïve cod accompanied with one trained cod takes less than a day. In inshore areas, it takes a few weeks to attract thousands of cod to stations where food is regularly delivered. These conditioned cod wait at the stations for their meals and do not mingle much with the unconditioned cod which hunt for wild prey. It is suggested that by calling acoustically conditioned fish between stations, a much larger number of naïve fish can be gathered. This so-called fish aggregating sound technique (FAST) may thus facilitate the accumulation of wild fish and expedite their capture with a purse seine or a trap in a way that minimizes fuel consumption and mortality of juveniles and unwanted species. The operation of FAST requires exclusive rights of a designated fishing area. The exclusivity makes it possible to on-grow the fish in free-ranging schools and sea cages for several months to increase their size and food quality before capture.
Restructuring opportunity: employment change and job quality in the United States during the Great Recession
Authors: Visser M Anne 
Published: January 2018

AbstractResearch continues to stress the influence job polarization has had on employment and economic opportunity in the USA. However, much of this literature is based on studies focused on time periods of economic expansion, and the knowledge base lacks a nuanced understanding of structural employment change during economic downturns and the temporally and spatially distinctive dynamics of such shifts. Using an innovative methodology for measuring job quality, the study provides an empirical analysis of employment shifts that occurred during the Great Recession both quantitatively (how many jobs created or destroyed) as well as qualitatively (what types of jobs created or destroyed). A notable feature of the shifts observed in the employment structure during this time period is a deepening pattern of inequality in the labor market characterized by increased wage polarization for all workers and evidence of downgrading experienced by male workers across all three measures of job quality.
Cortical circuits for mathematical knowledge: evidence for a major subdivision within the brain's semantic networks
Authors: Amalric Marie , Dehaene Stanislas 
Published: January 2018

Is mathematical language similar to natural language? Are language areas used by mathematicians when they do mathematics? And does the brain comprise a generic semantic system that stores mathematical knowledge alongside knowledge of history, geography or famous people? Here, we refute those views by reviewing three functional MRI studies of the representation and manipulation of high-level mathematical knowledge in professional mathematicians. The results reveal that brain activity during professional mathematical reflection spares perisylvian language-related brain regions as well as temporal lobe areas classically involved in general semantic knowledge. Instead, mathematical reflection recycles bilateral intraparietal and ventral temporal regions involved in elementary number sense. Even simple fact retrieval, such as remembering that ‘the sine function is periodical’ or that ‘London buses are red’, activates dissociated areas for math versus non-math knowledge. Together with other fMRI and recent intracranial studies, our results indicated a major separation between two brain networks for mathematical and non-mathematical semantics, which goes a long way to explain a variety of facts in neuroimaging, neuropsychology and developmental disorders.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The origins of numerical abilities’.
Psychophysical evidence for the number sense
Authors: Burr David C. , Anobile Giovanni , Arrighi Roberto 
Published: January 2018

It is now clear that most animals, including humans, possess an ability to rapidly estimate number. Some have questioned whether this ability arises from dedicated numerosity mechanisms, or is derived indirectly from judgements of density or other attributes. We describe a series of psychophysical experiments, largely using adaptation techniques, which demonstrate clearly the existence of a number sense in humans. The number sense is truly general, extending over space, time and sensory modality, and is closely linked with action. We further show that when multiple cues are present, numerosity emerges as the natural dimension for discrimination. However, when element density increases past a certain level, the elements become too crowded to parse, and the scene is perceived as a texture rather than array of elements. The two different regimes are psychophysically discriminable in that they follow distinct psychophysical laws, and show different dependencies on eccentricity, luminance levels and effects of perceptual grouping. The distinction is important, as the ability to discriminate numerosity, but not texture, correlates with formal maths skills.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘The origins of numerical abilities’.
A random-matrix theory of the number sense
Authors: Hannagan T. , Nieder A. , Viswanathan P. , Dehaene S. 
Published: January 2018

Number sense, a spontaneous ability to process approximate numbers, has been documented in human adults, infants and newborns, and many other animals. Species as distant as monkeys and crows exhibit very similar neurons tuned to specific numerosities. How number sense can emerge in the absence of learning or fine tuning is currently unknown. We introduce a random-matrix theory of self-organized neural states where numbers are coded by vectors of activation across multiple units, and where the vector codes for successive integers are obtained through multiplication by a fixed but random matrix. This cortical implementation of the ‘von Mises' algorithm explains many otherwise disconnected observations ranging from neural tuning curves in monkeys to looking times in neonates and cortical numerotopy in adults. The theory clarifies the origin of Weber–Fechner's Law and yields a novel and empirically validated prediction of multi-peak number neurons. Random matrices constitute a novel mechanism for the emergence of brain states coding for quantity.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The origins of numerical abilities’.
Enhanced Waddington Landscape Model with Cell-Cell Communication Can Explain Molecular Mechanisms of Self-Organization
Authors: Fooladi H. , Moradi P. , Sharifi-Zarchi A. , Khalaj B. H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms of self-organization that orchestrate embryonic cells to create astonishing patterns have been among major questions of developmental biology. It is recently shown that embryonic stem cells (ESCs), when cultured on particular micropatterns, can self-organize and mimic early steps of pre-implantation embryogenesis. A systems-biology model to address this observation from a dynamical systems perspective is essential. Here, we propose a multicellular mathematical model for pattern formation during in vitro gastrulation of human ESCs. This model enhances the basic principles of Waddington epigenetic landscape with cell-cell communication, in order to enable pattern and tissue formation. To prevent overfitting of the model, there is a minimal number of parameters in the model, which are sufficient to address different experimental observations such as the formation of three germ layers and trophectoderm, responses to altered culture conditions and micropattern diameters, and unexpected spotted forms of the germ layers under certain conditions. This model provides a basis for in-silico modeling of self-organization.
Stability, incumbency and ecological reorganization after the Permian-Triassic mass extinction
Authors: Roopnarine Peter , Weik Allen , Angielczyk Kenneth , Dineen Ashley 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Permian-Triassic mass extinction (PTME) altered macroevolutionary land-scapes by removing incumbent biota. Here, using terrestrial paleocommunities of the Karoo Basin spanning the PTME, we show that a pre-extinction incumbent configuration of biotic interactions made significant ecological re-organizations or macroevolutionary innovations unlikely. The post-PTME ecosystem initially was more likely to be reorganized, but incumbency was re-established by the Middle Triassic. We argue that the stability of the pre-PTME ecosystem, its subsequent loss, and replacement, resulted from the in-fluence of community-level structure and dynamics on species evolution and survival.One sentence summaryBiotic incumbency at the end of the Paleozoic, based on community functional organization, was destroyed by the Permian-Triassic mass extinction, allowing the development of novel community types.