bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'homicide chez le patient psychotique: une étude de 24 cas en vue d'une prédiction à court terme
Authors: Millaud Frédéric 
Published: April 2017

This research analyses retrospectively a population of 24 psychotic patients, hospitalized in a maximum security institution for the criminality insane and who have committed or attempted to commit murder. The main focus is on finding the clinical elements which are associated with increased homicidal risk, in the short term. With that aim in mind, nine patients that were in contact with a mental health professional, during the month preceding the homicide, were studied more specifically. It seems that in addition to the elements usually described in the literature, the association of depressive and paranoid features in the psychotic is a risk factor for homicide in the short term.
Conflit armé et trauma: une étude clinique chez des enfants réfugiés latino-américains
Authors: Rousseau Cécile , Corin Ellen , Renaud Claude 
Published: April 2017

This exploratory research on psychic consequences of armed conflicts has been carried out in Montreal on 30 latin-americans, eight to 12 year-old refugees. The principal objective was to assert the importance of traumas intensity, accumulation and age of occurence on the level and type of symptomatology (introversion-extroversion). Using two types of methodologies, clinical scales and in a more exploratory way, projective instruments to study the intra-psychic dynamic underlying the symptomatology observed. The children were classified according to trauma intensity and for this purpose, a trauma scale was defined with latin-american informants. ACHENBACH and DOMINIQUE clinical evaluation scales were appplied to the measure of clinical symptomatology. These instruments were analysed as a function of the symptoms intensity and type. Among results, the accumulation and intensity of traumas were found to be in significant correlation with anxio-depressive symptoms, as reported by the children with interiorization symptoms in ACHENBACH. The predominance of interiorization is discussed. The analysis of the TAT, based on objective indicators, brought out a light frequency of violent themes in relations with the clinical symptomatology. This research indicates the relevance of projective instruments to the study of traumatic response.
Implications for Clinical Services, Research and Training
Authors: Grant Naomi Rae , Offord David R. , Blum Heather Munroe 
Published: April 2017

The Ontario Child Health Study (OCHS) described in the companion paper (1) confirms the fact that psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents are prevalent, that comorbidity and associated impairements are common and that only a minority of children are seen by any definite mental health or social service. The current assessment and treatment methods and the present service system leave the majority of children unserved. Children and their families suffer a good deal before they are adequately diagnosed and treated, and treatment service delivered on a one-by-one basis are expensive. The OCHS data, has, it follows, important implications for clinical work, for mental health service planning, for further research and for training in child and adolescent psychiatry. This paper does not address all the implications of the OCHS in these areas but does attempt to address those which follow from the summary of the OCHS data described in (1).
The “Marathon Assessment” in Child Psychiatry: A Service to Underserviced Areas
Authors: Krell Robert , Lem Meng-Eng 
Published: April 2017

The University of British Columbia Child and Family Psychiatry Outpatient Department has, since 1974, conducted intensive child psychiatry assessments of patients referred from outlying areas. The marathon assessment, as we have called it, requires up to three days during which clinic staff conduct interviews with the referred patient and family, and perform specific investigations as necessary. By the end of the third day, the clinic team presents its findings and recommendations to the family, and by phone and letter to the referral source with arrangement for follow-up by physicians and/or mental health clinics in the patient's geographic region. The marathon evaluation has proven a worthy alternative to outreach visits by a travelling child psychiatrist and to inpatient hospital evaluations. The reasons for the advantages are enumerated.
Predicting Suicide Behaviours in Incarcerated Settings*
Authors: Arboleda-Florez J. , Holley H. 
Published: April 2017

Attempts to predict suicide behaviours have produced a number of useful clinical tools. Unfortunately, these have been largely designed with a specific psychiatric population or institutional setting in mind and are not easily transferred to an incarcerated setting. In 1983 the authors developed a suicide checklist which could be used to aid screening of new admissions to Remand Centres in the Province of Alberta. Studies completed to date have revealed this checklist to be a practical and reliable method of standardizing the suicide screening process. This paper presents findings from a study designed to evaluate the predictive power (discriminant validity) of the checklist. A stepwise multivariate framework is used to assess the overall ability of checklist items to discriminate a high risk group. As well, the relative importance of specific socio-demographic, clinical and historical variables is assessed. Data were collected on a cohort of consecutive admissions to the Edmonton Remand Centre during 1986. Findings reveal that marital status is the only direct statistical predictor of suicide risk. Inmates who had divorced or separated from a spouse were more likely to be active suicide risks at some time during their remand than those who were married or single. Symptom score was found to be generally predictive, however, closer assessment revealed this relationship to be heterogeneous across subgroups defined on the basis of certain criminological variables. The model which allowed for the interaction of clinical with criminological variables correctly discriminated 100% of the active suicide risks and 63 % of inmates who had a prior history of suicide behaviours. The practical implications of these findings for suicide screening are discussed.
The Therapeutic Alliance: A Psychoanalytic Perspective*
Authors: Freebury D. Ray 
Published: April 2017

Psychoanalysis has long distinguished between the transference neurosis and that part of the communication between therapist and patient which depends upon a relatively intact part of the patient's ego. It has been proposed that it is this capacity of the patient that sustains the difficult work of dealing with communications which are the consequence of transference, and which often threaten the viability of the treatment. This quality has been referred to variously as the unobjectionable positive transference, rational transference, mature transference, therapeutic alliance and working alliance. The ever broadening scope of Psychoanalysis, along with our greater knowledge of early childhood development, has enhanced our understanding of the many influences affecting the treatment alliances. Newer views of the transference, which stress the significance of the therapists' contributions to the therapeutic dyad, make it clear that the therapeutic alliance can no longer be explained as some simple, reality based, conflict free, motivating force. It involves, rather, a complex interaction of several factors, to each of which one must add the therapists' reciprocal reactions. Psychotherapy outcome research will need to take all of these factors into consideration.
AIDS: Clinical and Ethical Issues on a Psychiatric Unit*
Authors: Hoffman Brian F. , Arthurs Karen , Lunn Sandy , Meyers Linda , Trimnell Jean , Farcnik Karl 
Published: April 2017

Using a case illustration, this paper describes how AIDS has affected psychiatric practice on an inpatient unit. The clinical, ethical and administrative issues are discussed from a multi-disciplinary perspective. The issues are discussed as 1. clinical issues (diagnostic and management), 2. effects on ward milieu, 3. staff issues, 4. family counselling and discharge planning and 5. administrative issues. It is important for inpatient staff to discuss these issues and develop clinical guidelines and administrative procedures that will help staff provide the highest level of care possible. Because every patient is potentially an HIV carrier, many of the solutions developed around AIDS related concerns should apply to all patients on a psychiatric ward.
Dépressions avec attaques de panique: caractéristiques cliniques et prévalence en milieu hospitalier
Authors: Hardy P. , Feline A. , Bonis M. De , Rigaud A.S. , Epelbaum C. 
Published: April 2017

Seventy-three patients successively hospitalized in psychiatry and meeting the criteria of the DSM-III for diagnoses of major depressive episode with or without melancholia (n = 64), dysthymia (n = 5) or adjustment disorder with depressed mood (n = 2) were studied. Of these 73 patients, 50.7% also exhibited, at the time of their hospitalization, panic disorder as defined by the DSM-III criteria (53.4% having exhibited this disorder at some time in their life). Moreover, eight of the 73 patients (11%) exhibited, or had exhibited at some time in their life, a “sub-panic” state characterized by recurring rudimentary attacks, while five of the 73 patients (6.8%) exhibited “permanent panic anxiety” tending to fluctuation rather than paroxysm. These two forms of anxiety raise the question of the limits of panic disorder. The comparison of depressions with and without panic disorder shows an even distribution of endogenous and nonendogenous forms in both groups. Depressions with panic disorder, moreover, registered greater intensity (according to the HDRS score), a higher lever of anxiety (according to the AMDP-AT score), and a higher degree of nervousness (according to the EPI score) than depressions without panic disorder. The study of the chronology of the associations between depressions and panic disorder shows that in more than one-half of the cases these disorders began within one month of each other. In one-third of the cases, panic disorder preceded the depressive episode by more than one month. And finally, in just over 10% of the cases, panic disorder appeared more than one month after the beginning of the depressive episode.
The Public Image of Psychiatrists
Authors: Lamontagne Yves 
Published: April 2017

The image of psychiatry is directly related to the knowledge that the public has of psychiatry and to the psychiatrists role as a “public informer”. The time has come for psychiatrists to organize and have their opinions on all aspects of the mental health care system and mental illness heard in the media.After a review of different causes of the negative public image of psychiatrists, the reasons for which psychiatrists need to change their public image are outlined with some suggestions for increase public recognition. The importance of developing more research on the effect of mass media on the mental health care system is also outlined.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder and the DSM-IV: The Demise of Dysmorphophobia
Authors: Munro Alistair , Stewart Mary 
Published: April 2017

To some extent, the failure of some authors, reporting on dysmorphophic patients, to specify clearly the level at which the belief is held, has confounded clarification of the phenomenon. Birtchnell (1) Dysmorphophobia is a controversial term. It is not a phobia, reliable data on it are few, and many authors write about it without attempting to define it. DSM-III-R introduced the term “body dysmorphic disorder” to describe a non-psychotic condition in which there is pathological preoccupation with physical appearance and with the intention of replacing the term “dysmorphophobia”. However, psychiatrists continue to use the word dysmorphophobia, often unaware that it may have several distinct meanings. This article, 1. demonstrates the current confusion in terminology, 2. elaborates on DSM-III-R's concept of body dysmorphic disorder, and 3. suggests refinements for the DSM-IV description.
Psychiatric Patients and the Federal Election
Authors: Jaychuk G. , Manchanda R. 
Published: April 2017

A questionnaire was sent to all eligible voters at the St. Thomas Psychiatric Hospital prior to the November 1988 election. It measured political awareness and knowledge. A further subgroup of patients who were eligible to vote but chose not to be enumerated were also questioned to explore their reasons for not voting. The results showed patients had a high level of knowledge about our political process. We conclude that previous laws banning voting by psychiatric patients were unnecessarily discriminatory and efforts should be made to give voting rights to patients in other countries where they are not allowed to vote.
Early Rehospitalization
Authors: Katherine M. Boydell , Samuel A. Malcolmson , Sikerbol Kate 
Published: April 2017

The process and outcome of discharge planning were examined at a large provincial psychiatric hospital. Two hundred patients were studied to determine whether or not they received services from the agencies to which they were referred after discharge. In addition, patients who were rehospitalized within three months of discharge were identified in order to determine whether they differed from the rest of the cohort. Eighty-three percent of the patients for whom referrals were made sought help from at least one aftercare service or community agency, suggesting that there is considerably more aftercare in the community than has previously been documented. The implications of these findings for treatment, research and policy planning are discussed.
Isolement et contentions: revue de littérature et focus sur leurs impacts et les normes qui les régissent
Authors: Begin Simon 
Published: April 2017

Malgré les développements récents de la psychopharmacologie et une meilleure compréhension des tableaux d'agitation chez les patients en psychiatrie, l'utilisation des procédures d'isolement et de contention demeure un sujet de pratique quotidienne. On s'arrête peu ou pas à son enseignement de façon formelle. La littérature est quasi exempte de ces sujets et elle n'a connu son essor que dans les suites de procédures légales entamées par des patients qui ont forcé les praticiens à s'arrêter à l'analyse de ces moyens d'intervention. L'article donnera un reflet succint de la littérature des dernières années qui débouche davantage sur le volet normatif qui devrait régir ces procédures, et une courte analyse de l'impact systémique des procédures. La révision ou la prise de conscience de certaines de ces variables permettra peut-être un meilleur recul des cliniciens face à l'utilisation de procédures qui sont malheureusement encore aujourd'hui à la source de décès dans la pratique psychiatrique.
De la schizophrénie à la maladie de Wilson*
Authors: Saint-Laurent Marie 
Published: April 2017

An 18 year-old male first presented a clinical picture of acute psychosis with two reccurences at ages 22 and 23. The diagnosis made at that time was paranoid schizophrenia. Twelve years after his first psychiatric hospitalization, it was discovered that he was suffering from Wilson's disease. In retrospect, the clinical picture was atypical, notably with an important neurologic involvement mainly parkinsonism almost uncontrollable and aggravated with neuroleptics. The chelating treatment with d-penicillamine resulted in partial improvement of the neurological involvement because the extrapyramidal and neurovegetative symptoms persisted. The psychiatric symptoms improved with fewer neuroleptics than during the 12 previous years. However, neuroleptics had to be continued because of the delay in diagnosing the illness, which diminished the efficiency of the single chelating treatment. The clinical presentation and therapeutic response of this patient strongly suggest a link between the cerebral intoxication by copper and the psychiatric symptoms.
Syndrome de personnalité organique dans la sclérose en plaque et influence du stress sur les poussées
Authors: Stip Emmanuel , Truelle Jean-Luc 
Published: April 2017

This study focuses on a sample of 35 patients who had recently suffered an attack of multiple sclerosis. They were first subjected to the so-called life stress method in order to look for a connection between life stresses and the attacks of multiple sclerosis. The sample was compared with a paired control population composed of patients recruited from admission departments and medical emergency departments. The AMDP psychopathological evaluation method was applied to the sample, to establish a characteristic mental profile of these patients. Three types of results are highlighted. First, the comparison of the event scores shows a significant difference between the population of patients suffering from an outbreak of multiple sclerosis and the control population. A connection between “life stresses” and the triggering of the outbreaks of multiple sclerosis is therefore mentioned and discussed. Second, the application of the system of the Association de méthodologie et de documentation psychiatrique brings out a mental profile common to patients suffering from multiple sclerosis, consisting of a very specific association of mood disorders: dysphoria, euphoria and mania on the one hand, and depression, anxiety and dramatization on the other, with relative anosognosia. The correlation between dysphoria, the syndrome's principal characteristic, and the event score adds another argument in favour of the connection between life stresses and the evolution of the disease. The main components of this mental profile are primarily correlated with the existence of a neuropsychology suggestive of a medial basal frontal syndrome. These mental disorders, which compose a relatively characteristic profile of multiple sclerosis, are therefore probably related, not to psychological phenomena but, essentially, to the brain lesions of the disease. A final behavioural characteristic, common to the different patients of this population, is the unawareness of a possible relationship between life events and the disease, very similar to what is described in “operational thinking”, a symptom which is part of the classic symptomatology of psychosomatic disorders.
Validation d'une échelle d'attitudes alimentaires auprès d'une population québécoise francophone
Authors: Leichner Pierre , Steiger Howard , Puentes-Neuman Guadalupe , Perreault Michel , Gottheil Neil 
Published: April 2017

The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) is one of the most frequently used screening questionnaires for anorexia and bulimia nervosa for use with clinical and general populations. Although the psychometric qualities of the instrument have been reported for the English version, little has been done to date to validate a French version. A french version of the EAT-26 was distributed to anglophone students and francophone students, as well as anglophone and francophone patients. Overall, the results demonstrated that the authors' French version has the same psychometric characteristics as the English version when used with clinical and non clinical populations. The overall test and its subscales differentiated between patients and non patients similarly in both linguistic groups. The internal consistency of the two versions, as assessed by Cronbach's alpha, was comparable. Among female high-school students, 14.1% of the anglophone students and 14.3% of the francophone students scored above the cutoff score for significant eating disorders behaviour.
Screening for Post-Partum Depression in a Community Sample
Authors: Zelkowitz Phyllis , Tamara H. Milet 
Published: April 2017

Objective This study undertook to estimate the prevalence of post-partum depression in the community by means of telephone screening. Demographic correlates of post-partum depression were also investigated. Method The sample was identified through two community health centres. Over a period of 17 months, 1559 childbearing women were screened at six weeks post-partum, using the ten-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Results The prevalence of post-partum depression was estimated to be 6.2%, using a outpoint of 10 on the EPDS, and 3.4% using the more stringent cut point of 12. Women who were not working, or those with lower occupational status, were at greater risk for depression. Recent immigrants, particularly those who were not working or who had given birth to a second child, were also at higher risk. Conclusion Telephone screening for post-partum depression is feasible, and can aid in the identification of women at risk.
L'érotomanie Mâle: Un Type De Harcèlement Sexuel Dangereux
Authors: Gagné Pierre , Desparois Lucie 
Published: April 2017

Objective The purpose of our study is to examine male erotomania and its consequences for women who are victims of it. Method We studied the clinical characteristics of erotomaniacal men and the physical and psychic consequences to women who were their victims. Results The men we met have a severe paranoid thought disorder which combines jealousy, projection and interpretation. Their behaviour is characterized by escalating violence in their involvement with women by whom they believe they are loved. During their contacts with the erotomaniac, the victims develop adjustment disorders and anxiety. Conclusion Our study leads us to conclude that erotomaniacs and their victims have symptoms and a clinical evolution identical to those found in harassing and violent ex-spouses. The positive response of some erotomaniacs to antipsychotic medication raises a therapeutic prospect for other violent men with the same thought disorders.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Prisoners of War and Combat Veterans of the Dieppe Raid: A 50-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Lynne Beal A. 
Published: April 2017

Objective This paper presents the first 50-year study of the differential effects of incarceration and combat on the development and persistence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Canadian veterans and prisoners of war (POWs) from the Dieppe Raid. Method A large sample of Dieppe. POWs and nonPOWs completed a questionnaire diagnosing PTSD and other psychological and health problems of the veterans in 1946 and in 1992. Results The POWs showed a higher incidence of PTSD and other psychological symptoms than veterans with the same combat exposure. The POWs' experiences of malnutrition, maltreatment and torture, and mental suffering showed strong links to PTSD. Conclusions For many veterans, PTSD has lasted 50 years. Failure to be eligible for psychological disability pensions demonstrates that PTSD and other psychological disorders in these veterans have been greatly unrecognized by the Canadian Department of Veteran's Affairs.
Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms in Association with Medication Exposures among Medical Inpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Scott B. Patten , Jeanne V.A. Williams , Edgar J. Love 
Published: April 2017

Objective To evaluate associations between exposure to three classes of medications (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and corticosteroids) and self-reported depressive symptoms. Method The study utilised a cross-sectional study design in a sample of medical inpatients. Results Associations between self-reported depressive symptoms and exposure to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or calcium channel blockers were not observed. However, an association between self-reported depressive symptoms and corticosteroid exposure was identified. The association was strongest in subjects reporting apast history of depression or a family history of depression. The strength of the corticosteroid-depressive symptom association was comparable with that of associations observed for age, poverty and psychosocial stress. Conclusions Depressive symptoms among medical inpatients have a biopsychosocial etiology. Corticosteroid exposure may be a biological risk factor for depressive symptoms in this population.