bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Symbol Recognition Method of Historical Buildings along the Chinese Eastern Railroad based on Improved YOLOv8s Technology Framework
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Ji Yuanyuan , Zheng Yongli , Liang Mao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Addressing the prevalent issue of target misdetection within existing algorithmic frameworks for architectural symbol recognition, such as the challenges posed by small-scale targets, compact distributions, and the multifaceted nature of architectural symbol categories, an enhanced YOLOv8s model tailored for architectural symbol recognition is introduced. This model integrates the DCNv3 module within the backbone network architecture, in conjunction with C2f, which augments the model's receptive field, mitigates the attendant increase in model complexity resulting from C2f convolutions, and enhances the model's efficacy in target recognition and convergence. Utilizing the SIoU loss function in lieu of CIOU significantly enhances the training efficiency and inferential accuracy of the object detection model; the incorporation of the D-LKA attention mechanism within the head network further bolsters the detection capabilities for small-scale targets. Experimental findings corroborate that the improved YOLOv8s model achieves an mAP@0.5 score of 85.5% on the Chinese Eastern Railroad historical building symbol dataset, a 3.6% improvement over the baseline YOLOv8s model. Collectively, the refined model markedly elevates the detection prowess for architectural symbol targets, more adeptly fulfilling the requirements of historical building symbol recognition along the Chinese Eastern Railroad.
Innovative Trend Analysis for Annual and Monthly Total Precipitation in Calabar, Southern Nigeria Between 1980-2021
Authors: Okono Moses. A. , Igwe Ewona. I. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The effect of the variations of precipitation has its effects on various areas of life including ecology and even the economy, etc. This study utilizes the new innovative trend analysis (ITA) method to investigate the annual and monthly total precipitation trends in Calabar, a city located in southern Nigeria, between the years 1980 and 2021. Total monthly and annual precipitation data were collected from NASA POWER and analyzed using the ITA method which was compared to the conventional MK test. The ITA method which shows results in respect to the low, medium, and high precipitation levels is more advantageous than the MK test which detects significant trends for only monotonic trends. The ITA results indicate an increase in precipitation for the low precipitation values over the study period, as well as an increase for the high precipitation values. These findings are significant as they provide valuable insight into the changing precipitation patterns in Calabar, which can inform effective water resource management and help to mitigate the impact of extreme weather events in the region. The ITA method employed in this study is a useful tool for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders in accurately analyzing precipitation trends and identifying appropriate adaptation measures to address the potential effects of climate change on water supplies in the region, especially across data ranges.
Low-velocity impact properties of bouligand polymer composites
Authors: Peerzada Mazhar , Abbasi Sadaf , Mehboob Ali , Nawab Yasir , Iftekhar Hassan , Shelley Tristan , Hameed Nishar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The aim of the present paper was to investigate the behavior of Bouligand polymer composites compared with conventional three-dimensional structures of polymer composites. A series of Bouligand and conventional preforms were manufactured with carbon fiber filaments and infused with epoxy resin to create the polymer composite panels. A computerized drop-weight impact tester was used to study the force versus displacement response of polymer composites at three energy levels of 10, 15, and 20 J. The time histories and load vs time curves of impact-induced samples were focused to see insights into damage behavior, post-peak behavior, impact tolerance, and damage. The load vs time curve of Bouligand polymer composites at the various impact energy levels was calculated numerically and correlated with experimentally obtained data. The results revealed that the Bouligand structure offers higher resistance to penetration and showed progressively more damage-tolerant post-peak load behavior as compared to those of bias and orthogonal structures. The numerical and experimental results were in good agreement.
G protein selectivity profile of GPR56/ADGRG1 and its effect on downstream effectors
Authors: Jallouli Raida , Salinas Ana Lilia Moreno , Laniel Andréanne , Holleran Brian , Avet Charlotte , Jacob Joan , Hoang Trang , Lavoie Christine , Carmon Kendra S , Bouvier Michel , Leduc Richard 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

GPR56, an adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (aGPCRs) with constitutive and ligand-promoted activity, is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Whether the receptor’s constitutive or ligand-promoted activation occur through the same molecular mechanism, and whether different activation modes lead to functional selectivity between G proteins is unknown. Here we show that GPR56 constitutively activates both G12 and G13. Unlike constitutive activation and activation with 3-a-acetoxydihydrodeoxygedunin (3αDOG), stimulation with an antibody, 10C7, directed against GPR56’s extracellular domain (ECD) led to an activation that favors G13 over G12. An autoproteolytically deficient mutant, GPR56-T383A, was also activated by 10C7 indicating that the tethered agonist (TA) exposed through autocatalytic cleavage, is not required for this activation modality. In contrast, this proteolysis-resistant mutant could not be activated by 3aDOG indicating different modes of activation by the two ligands. We show that an N-terminal truncated GPR56 construct (GPR56-Δ1-385) is devoid of constitutive activity but was activated by 3aDOG. Similarly to 3aDOG, 10C7 promoted the recruitment of b-arrestin-2 but GPR56 internalization was β-arrestin independent. Despite the slow activation mode of 10C7 that favors G13 over G12, it efficiently activated the downstream Rho pathway in BT-20 breast cancer cells. These data show that different GPR56 ligands have different modes of activation yielding differential G protein selectivity but converging on the activation of the Rho pathway both in heterologous expressions system and in cancer cells endogenously expressing the receptor. 10C7 is therefore an interesting tool to study both the processes underlying GPR56 activity and its role in cancer cells.
Degradation studies of glutathione peroxidase in rat organs at different post-mortem intervals.
Authors: Hasuoka Paul Emir , Tonelli Franco , Pacheco Pablo Hugo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is a seleno-enzyme with an antioxidant function that counteracts reactive oxygen species generated during irrigation-reperfusion injury in transplant organs. GPx activity increased post mortem by seleno-methionine (SeMet) administration in vivo. GPx degradation was studied in the organs of rats supplemented with SeMet to obtain insights into organ thanatochemistry and improve its survival. Studies were performed in the liver, kidneys, and heart of rats. After death, organs were ablated at different post mortem intervals (PMI). GPx1 was extracted and determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and affinity chromatography (AC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Degradation products were studied by analyzing low molecular weight selenium fractions (< 10 kDa). GPx1 degradation velocity (VGPx1) in the different organs was evaluated by data analysis of GPx1 concentration variations according to PMI. GPx1 was determined in concentrations ranging from 0.19–0.76 mg kg− 1 in the ablated organs in a PMI of 12 hs. SeMet administration increased GPx1 concentration, especially in the liver. GPx1 concentration decreased in all the studied tissues during a PMI of 12 hours. The degradation velocity of GPx1 (VGPx1) was higher in the liver, followed by the kidneys and heart. Se degradation products were found in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 µg g− 1, higher in the liver. In kidneys, no differences in GPx1 degradation were observed in control and SeMet-administered rats. GPx1 degradation was lower in SeMet-administered rats. SeMet administration increased GPx1 concentration and decreased its degradation post mortem in the organs of rats.
The Effect of Internet Usage on the Income of Returned Rural Migrant Worker
Authors: Zhang Wan-LI , Zheng Wei , Tooba Tahreem , Xu Xue-lu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The Internet usage in rural areas has already greatly improved the quality of rural life and income level of rural residents in China. However, there is a lack of discussion on the impact of Internet use on the income of returning migrant workers. This paper investigates the impact of Internet use on the income of returning migrant workers, its potential channel, as well as family income categories and consumption categories as the extension by using the data of CLDS from 2014 to 2018. We find that, firstly, Internet use can significantly improve the total income level of returnees, and this conclusion is not changed after considering the endogeneity problem and do several other robust checks. Secondly, the accumulation of social capital, the accumulation of material capital and the improvement of entrepreneurial probability are the three main channels for the Internet to improve the income of returnees. Heterogeneity analyses show that compared with western regions, low-income groups and religious believers, Internet use in central and eastern regions, high-income groups and non-religious returnees has a stronger impact in promoting income. Finally, the extended analyses show that the use of the Internet mainly improves the non-agricultural income of returning households, and increases family improved consumption as a result. This paper indicates that the government should further strengthen the policy of Internet use of returnees to help them improve their income level and quality of life.
Surface water quality changes due to disposal of treated sewage in Wupa river, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Inkani Amina Ibrahim , Mashi Sani Abubakar , Jenkwe Elizabeth Dorsuu , Etuk Nicodemus Linus , Sani Safirat 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The study aimed to evaluate the impact of treated wastewater effluent on the Wupa River's water quality. Specific objectives included assessing water quality changes before and after effluent disposal, evaluating existing water quality indices, developing a parametric water quality index, identifying affected parameters and locations, and providing insights into treated sewage reuse and water scarcity. Traditional water quality indices were noted for their limitations, such as data reliability and insensitivity to fluctuations.
Methods
A mixed-methods approach was employed during the rainy season's peak mixing period (June-August). The study identified influent entry points, effluent discharge, and sampling locations, including upstream and downstream sites. Samples were collected and analyzed for parameters like appearance, pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, total coliforms counts, and fecal coliforms counts. Statistical analyses, including normalization, ANOVA, and t-tests, were used to assess differences in water quality across sampling stations.
Results
The results indicated significant variations in water quality parameters across different sampling locations and times, with treated effluent impacting the river's water quality. Treated sewage discharge influenced water quality, with changes observed in turbidity, pH, temperature, conductivity, and coliforms counts. Elevated coliforms counts and variations in pH, turbidity, and temperature were found, raising concerns about potential waterborne diseases, disruptions in water treatment processes, and overall water safety.
Conclusion
The study concluded that the parametric water quality index effectively assessed treated wastewater's impact. It emphasized the need for continuous monitoring and effective sewage treatment to protect public health and the environment. High turbidity levels can shield pathogens, while extreme pH and temperature changes can affect pathogen growth, posing health risks to communities.
Lactylation-driven USP4-mediated ANXA2 stabilization and activation promotes maintenance and radioresistance of glioblastoma stem cells
Authors: Ji Jing , Tu Yiming , Xu Lei , Tao Zeqiang , Ye Yangfan , Hu Jingming , Cai Wanzhi , Zhu Hang , Wu Qing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most primary lethal brain cancer, characterized by the presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) that initiate and sustain tumor growth and induce radioresistance. Annexin A2 (ANXA2) has been reported to contribute to glioblastoma progression and impart stem cell-like properties to GSCs, however, its post-translational modifications and mechanisms in GSCs maintenance remain poorly understood. Here, we identify that USP4 is preferentially expressed by GSCs in GBM, USP4/ANXA2 supports GSCs maintenance and radioresistance. Specifically, USP4 interacts with ANXA2, stabilizing its protein by deubiquitinating ANXA2, which mediates its proteasomal degradation and Y24 phosphorylation. USP4 directly cleaves Lys48- and Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains of ANXA2, with the Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains of ANXA2 K28 mediating its Y24 phosphorylation. Moreover, K10 acetylation of ANXA2 enhances its interaction with USP4. Importantly, USP4/ANXA2 promotes GSCs maintenance and radioresistance by activating BMX-mediated STAT3 activation. H3K18 lactylation is responsible for the upregulation of USP4 in GSCs. Our studies reveal that USP4/ANXA2 plays critical roles in maintaining GSCs and therapeutic resistance, highlighting the importance of lactylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation as critical post-translational modifications for USP4-mediated stabilization and activity of ANXA2.
A Semi-supervised Object Detection Learning Method under Queue Smoothing Pseudo-label Supervising and Embedding Consistency Constraint
Authors: Jia Xibin , You Sanlong , Wang Luo , Jia Senhui , Jia Hao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Semi-supervised object detection is an effective solution to balance the manual annotation cost and model performance in practical application. However, two major types of semi-supervised learning approaches based on the pseudo-labeling supervising and the consistency constrained self-supervising exist some limitation with the low confidence of pseudo-label and the suboptimal feature learning for specific-task respectively. To overcome the above limitation, we proposes an improved semi-supervised object detection learning method under queue smoothing pseudo-label supervising and embedding consistency constraint learning method. In detail, taking the teacher-student framework as the base model, two paralleled transforming modules i.e. a classification head and a embedding projection layer are constructed after the feature encoder. With the different data augmentation exerting on inputs at the teacher and the student module respectively, a pair of class-vector and embedding are obtained simultaneously for each proposal. Subsequently, under the smoothness assumption of class prediction probability within the same cluster, a class-vector is updating weighting with smooth constraints calculating in the embedding similarity between memorized neighboring samples and corresponding pseudo-label is corrected with the increasing confidence then. Furthermore, dual constraints are constructed based on pseudo-label supervising and consistency between the class-vector and embedding matrix together with a few label data for guiding the semi-supervised object detection learning. The experiments on the MS-COCO and PASCAL VOC datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the baseline method and several mainstream semi-supervised learning methods with the highest mAP.
Possible GABAkine-mediated antidepressant effects of phytol: molecular interventions through in vivo and in silico studies
Authors: Islam Muhammad Torequl , Ferdous Jannatul , Hasan Md. Sakib Al , Ansari Irfan Aamer , Ansari Siddique Akber , Islam Md. Amirul , Saifuzzaman Md. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Phytol (PHY), a chlorophyll side chain diterpenoid possesses many health benefits, including neurological activities. A previous report evaluated its anti-depressive effects in mice without any possible mechanism. Our current study aimed at the evaluation of anti-depressive effect of PHY with possible molecular mechanisms through in vivo and in silico studies. For this, adult male mice were randomly divided into six individual groups (n = 6), namely control (vehicle), two standards (DZP: diazepam at 2 m/kg, FLU: flumazenil at 0.1 mg/kg), three test groups (PHY at 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg), and three combined groups with the GABA agonist drug DZP (2 mg/kg) and/or a GABA antagonist drug FLU (0.1 mg/kg) with PHY at 75 mg/kg. Thirty minutes after treatment, each animal was subjected to tail-suspension and forced-swimming tests and their immobility time was counted for five minutes. The in silico studies were also performed with GABAA receptor α2 and α5 subunits to investigate possible molecular mechanism behind this neurological effect of the test samples. The results demonstrate that PHY significantly (p < 0.05) and dose-dependently reduced the immobility time (IMT) in both protocols. It also significantly (p < 0.05) increased the IMT values with DZP-2, while reducing this parameter with FLU-01. In in silico studies PHY exhibited the binding affinities with α2 and α5 subunits of GABAA receptor by − 5.2 and − 6.9 kcal/mol, respectively. Taken together, PHY exerted an antidepressant capacity in mice. It modulated the effects of DZP and FLU. PHY may expert its antidepressant capacity possibly through interacting with α2 and α5 subunits of the GABAA receptor. PHY may be one of the good candidates for management of depression.
Giant elastic-wave asymmetry in a linear passive circulator
Authors: Christensen Johan , Hu Yabin , Li Yongbo , LIU Yongquan , Li Bing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Nonreciprocal transmission of waves is highly desirable for the transport and redistribution of energy. However, building a non-reciprocal system to break time-reversal symmetry is relatively difficult because it tends to work under stringent guidelines, narrow bandwidth, or external impetus, particularly in a three-port system. Without breaking reciprocity, realizing one-way transmission of elastic waves by a linear and passive structure in a higher-dimensional asymmetric system, such as a three-port circulator, poses quite a challenge. Here, based on the wave-vector modulation mechanism, we propose an elastic-wave circulator that achieves this without breaking reciprocity, enabling perfect mode transition and wave trapping simultaneously. Requiring neither activated media nor relying on the nonlinearity of nonreciprocal devices, the circulator routes elastic waves purely in a clockwise direction, offering superior performance in broad bandwidth, robust behavior, and simple configuration. Our study provides a feasible platform for one-way wave transport in a three-port system, which can be useful in the routing, isolation, and harvesting of energy and can also be extended to other fields, such as electromagnetic and acoustic waves.
A Limit Formula and Recursive Algorithm for Multivariate Normal Tail Probability
Authors: Au Siu-Kui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This work develops a formula for the large threshold limit of multivariate Normal tail probability when at least one of the normalised thresholds grows indefinitely. Derived using integration by parts, the formula expresses the tail probability in terms of conditional probabilities involving one less variate, thereby reducing the problem dimension by 1.The formula is asymptotic to Ruben's formula under Salvage's condition. It satisfies Plackett's identity exactly or approximately, depending on the correlation parameter being differentiated. A recursive algorithm is proposed that allows the tail probability limit to be calculated in terms of univariate Normal probabilities only. The algorithm shows promise in numerical examples to offer a semi-analytical approximation under non-asymptotic situations to within an order of magnitude.The number of univariate Normal probability evaluations is at least O(n!), however, and in this sense the algorithm suffers from the curse of dimension.
Medical Rights Violations and the Unethical Treatment of Kurdish Women: A Qualitative Study of Childbirth Experiences in Public Hospitals
Authors: Piro Tiran Jamil , Ahmad Khadija Mirkhan , Saeed Awaz Aziz , Abdullah Warda Hassan , Rasoal Dara , Ahmed Hamdia Mirkhan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
There have been numerous reports of physical and psychological abuse against women during labor and pregnancy care. Analyzing the lived experiences of women who have experienced such violence can help decrease its prevalence and/or severity. The present study aimed to explore women’s views and experiences of violence during labor.
Methods
This study has an explorative design and content analysis. Using a purposive convenience sampling method, a study sample of 13 women who had their childbirth in public hospitals was chosen. Data were collected via semi-structured, in-depth interviews with the women.
Results
Data analysis led to the emergence of three main themes and seven subthemes. The first main theme was "verbal and physical abuse". The subthemes of the first main theme were "cursing and insulting", "lack of communication", and "lack of gentle treatment". The second main theme was "lack of privacy and confidentiality", which had two subthemes: "lack a private environment" and "lack of permission". The third main theme was "losing trust in the medical system", which had two subthemes: "unprofessional obstetrical care", "ignoring patient needs", and "decision for future childbirth in private hospitals".
Conclusions
The findings of this study reveal the pathetic situation of obstetric violence during labor and pregnancy care in public hospitals. Tackling this serious issue requires collective endeavors from the health system, hospital management, and obstetrical care providers, which leads to protection of the rights and well-being of women during childbirth.