bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of mesoscale eddies on Kuroshio intrusion variability northeast of Taiwan
Authors: Yin Yuqi , Lin Xiaopei , He Ruoying , Hou Yijun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAbundant mesoscale eddies propagate to the east of Taiwan and affect the Kuroshio Current and its onshore intrusion northeast of Taiwan. But the dynamical process of how eddy activities modulate the Kuroshio intrusion is still unclear. In this study, in situ ocean velocity observations, drifter trajectories, tide gauge measurements, satellite sea surface height data, and assimilative Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) reanalysis outputs were used to analyze a cyclonic eddy‐induced large Kuroshio onshore intrusion during late autumn 2008. Along with nine anticyclonic eddy events and seven cyclonic eddy events extracted from long‐term HYCOM reanalysis outputs, the variability of the eddy‐induced intrusion was quantified. The impacts of the cyclonic eddy and the anticyclonic eddy were opposite. Under the impact of cyclonic (anticyclonic) eddy, the total onshore intrusion between 122°E and 124°E across the 200 m isobaths was decreased (increased) by 15.7% (7.3%), while the onshore intrusion west of 122.6°E and the northeastward current on the outer shelf were increased (decreased) by 30.6% (4.7%) and 31% (10.1%), respectively. The arrival of cyclonic (anticyclonic) eddy brought positive (negative) potential vorticity (PV) flux and modulated the local ocean vertical stratification, which weakened (enhanced) the cross‐slope PV gradient and the shelf slope constraint on the upper layer current and, therefore, favored (inhibited) the Kuroshio onshore intrusion.
Identification of Clusters of Foot Pain Location in a Community Sample
Authors: Gill Tiffany K. , Menz Hylton B. , Landorf Karl B. , Arnold John B. , Taylor Anne W. , Hill Catherine L. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo identify foot pain clusters according to pain location in a community‐based sample of the general population.MethodsThis study analyzed data from the North West Adelaide Health Study. Data were obtained between 2004 and 2006, using computer‐assisted telephone interviewing, clinical assessment, and self‐completed questionnaire. The location of foot pain was assessed using a diagram during the clinical assessment. Hierarchical cluster analysis was undertaken to identify foot pain location clusters, which were then compared in relation to demographics, comorbidities, and podiatry services utilization.ResultsThere were 558 participants with foot pain (mean age 54.4 years, 57.5% female). Five clusters were identified: 1 with predominantly arch and ball pain (26.8%), 1 with rearfoot pain (20.9%), 1 with heel pain (13.3%), and 2 with predominantly forefoot, toe, and nail pain (28.3% and 10.7%). Each cluster was distinct in age, sex, and comorbidity profile. Of the two clusters with predominantly forefoot, toe, and nail pain, one of them had a higher proportion of men and those classified as obese, had diabetes mellitus, and used podiatry services (30%), while the other was comprised of a higher proportion of women who were overweight and reported less use of podiatry services (17.5%).ConclusionFive clusters of foot pain according to pain location were identified, all with distinct age, sex, and comorbidity profiles. These findings may assist in the identification of individuals at risk for developing foot pain and in the development of targeted preventive strategies and treatments.
Three‐Component Regioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydrofuro[2,3‐d]oxazoles and Their Efficient Conversion to Oxazoles
Authors: Ohura Arisa , Itoh Toshimasa , Ishida Hiroaki , Saito Akio , Yamamoto Keiko 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIodosylbenzene with triflimide (Tf2NH) efficiently promotes a three‐component regioselective synthesis of tetrahydrofuro[2,3‐d]oxazoles from homopropargyl alcohols, benzonitrile, and O atoms via oxidative [2+2+1] annulations induced by iodocyclization of the homopropargyl alcohols. In addition, the resulting bicyclic compounds can be converted into 2,4,5‐trisubstituted oxazoles bearing hydroxy groups quantitatively; these oxazole derivatives are cores of PPAR agonist analogues.
Unexpected complications immediately after cranioplasty
Authors: Kato Akihito , Morishima Hiroyuki , Nagashima Goro 
Published: February 2017

CaseAn 84‐year‐old man with subarachnoid hemorrhage underwent craniotomy and clipping with external decompression. Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging showed subclinical sinking skin flap syndrome, and he underwent cranioplasty on postoperative day 58. No problems occurred during the operation, but cerebral edema and hemorrhage were recognized on immediate postoperative computed tomography. Edema continued to progress, but edema and bleeding eventually improved without additional surgery.OutcomeNeurological symptoms improved to presurgical baseline and stabilized.ConclusionCauses of cerebral edema and hemorrhage immediately after cranioplasty include reperfusion, reduction of automatic adjustment function, sinking skin flap syndrome, negative pressure due to s.c. drain, venous stasis, vascular damage following restoration of midline shift, and allergic reaction. Although cranioplasty itself is a relatively minor surgery, the fatality rate for this complication is high. Most complications are due to infection, convulsions, or epidural hematoma, but brain edema and hemorrhage also occur. It is necessary to elucidate the etiology before corrective surgery.
The mechanical and fatigue properties of flowable crosslink thermoplastic polymer blends based on self‐catalysis of transesterification
Authors: Hu Xilong , Wang Yan , Yu Junrong , Zhu Jing , Hu Zuming 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTA flowable crosslink polymer blend was successfully developed through a reactive compounding process. An epoxy captained ethylene acrylate copolymer and a carboxylic acid and zinc ion contained ethylene acrylic copolymer were employed to react in a twin screw extruder to form a partially crosslink polymer blend which was flowable at high temperature due to the rapid transesterification catalyzed by the zinc ion in the polymer. The developed crosslink polymer blend showed a significant improvement of the mechanical strength, thermal stability, and fatigue performance compared to the neat ethylene acrylic copolymer because of the strong chemical crosslink among polymer chains. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 44964.
Structural and functional hyperconnectivity within the sensorimotor system in xenomelia
Authors: Hänggi Jürgen , Vitacco Deborah A. , Hilti Leonie M. , Luechinger Roger , Kraemer Bernd , Brugger Peter 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionXenomelia is a rare condition characterized by the persistent and compulsive desire for the amputation of one or more physically healthy limbs. We highlight the neurological underpinnings of xenomelia by assessing structural and functional connectivity by means of whole‐brain connectome and network analyses of regions previously implicated in empirical research in this condition.MethodsWe compared structural and functional connectivity between 13 xenomelic men with matched controls using diffusion tensor imaging combined with fiber tractography and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Altered connectivity in xenomelia within the sensorimotor system has been predicted.ResultsWe found subnetworks showing structural and functional hyperconnectivity in xenomelia compared with controls. These subnetworks were lateralized to the right hemisphere and mainly comprised by nodes belonging to the sensorimotor system. In the connectome analyses, the paracentral lobule, supplementary motor area, postcentral gyrus, basal ganglia, and the cerebellum were hyperconnected to each other, whereas in the xenomelia‐specific network analyses, hyperconnected nodes have been found in the superior parietal lobule, primary and secondary somatosensory cortex, premotor cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, and insula.ConclusionsOur study provides empirical evidence of structural and functional hyperconnectivity within the sensorimotor system including those regions that are core for the reconstruction of a coherent body image. Aberrant connectivity is a common response to focal neurological damage. As exemplified here, it may affect different brain regions differentially. Due to the small sample size, our findings must be interpreted cautiously and future studies are needed to elucidate potential associations between hyperconnectivity and limb disownership reported in xenomelia.
Three cases of nonmetastatic prostate cancer treated successfully with primary intermittent androgen deprivation therapy over 10 years
Authors: Shida Yohei , Hakariya Tomoaki , Miyata Yasuyoshi , Sakai Hideki 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessageWe report three cases of nonmetastatic prostate cancer treated effectively with long‐term primary intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD). IAD is not a standard therapy for patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. However, based on our experience, we suggest that IAD is one of useful therapeutic tools under certain patients’ condition.
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum after bench press training
Authors: Nishino Tomoya 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessageSpontaneous pneumomediastinum is often associated with asthma and mainly affects adolescent males with a tall, thin body habitus. A 17‐year‐old man complained of chest and pharyngeal pain after bench press training and spontaneous pneumomediastinum was diagnosed. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain of uncertain cause.
Rearrangement of a Transient Gold Vinylidene into Gold Carbenes
Authors: Debrouwer Wouter , Fürstner Alois 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe gold acetylide complex 20 endowed with a biaryl backbone provides opportunities for a study on the formation and fate of gold vinylidenes. Although the formyl group in 20 is not sufficiently electrophilic to get attacked by the acetylide in proximity, its activation with TBSOTf (TBSOTf=tert‐butyldimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate) at low temperature triggered instantaneous formation of a gold vinylidene (21). This metastable species evolved into the cationic gold carbene complex 22 bearing a phenanthrene unit and a hydroxyl group at the aurated center; the recorded data suggest that this product might be better viewed as an acylgold species protonated by triflic acid. The use of [Me3O⋅BF4] as the activating agent led to formation of the analogous Fischer‐type carbene 24, whereas replacement of gold by the [CpRu(PPh3)2]+ fragment allowed the ruthenium vinylidene 27 to be isolated, which closely resembles the proposed gold intermediate 21. The starting gold complex 20, the derived products 22 and 24, as well as vinylidene 27 were characterized by X‐ray diffraction.
Interventions to reduce the stigma of eating disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Doley Joanna R. , Hart Laura M. , Stukas Arthur A. , Petrovic Katja , Bouguettaya Ayoub , Paxton Susan J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStigma is a problem for individuals with eating disorders (EDs), forming a barrier to disclosure and help‐seeking. Interventions to reduce ED stigma may help remove these barriers; however, it is not known which strategies (e.g., explaining etiology to reduce blame, contact with a person with an ED, or educating about ED) are effective in reducing stigma and related outcomes. This review described effectiveness of intervention strategies, and identified gaps in the literature. A search of four databases was performed using the terms (eating disorder* OR bulimi* OR anorexi* OR binge‐eating disorder) AND (stigma* OR stereotyp* OR beliefs OR negative attitudes) AND (program OR experiment OR intervention OR education), with additional texts sought through LISTSERVs. Two raters screened papers, extracted data, and assessed quality. Stigma reduction strategies and study characteristics were examined in critical narrative synthesis. Exploratory meta‐analysis compared the effects of biological and sociocultural explanations of EDs on attitudinal stigma. Eighteen papers were eligible for narrative synthesis, with four also eligible for inclusion in a meta‐analysis. Biological explanations reduced stigma relative to other explanations, including sociocultural explanations in meta‐analysis (g = .47, p < .001). Combined education and contact interventions improved stigma relative to control groups or over time. Most studies examined Anorexia Nervosa (AN) stigma and had mostly female, undergraduate participants. Despite apparent effectiveness, research should verify that biological explanations do not cause unintentional harm. Future research should evaluate in vivo contact, directly compare education and contact strategies, and aim to generalize findings across community populations.
Diet analysis in piscivorous birds: What can the addition of molecular tools offer?
Authors: Oehm Johannes , Thalinger Bettina , Eisenkölbl Stephanie , Traugott Michael 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn trophic studies on piscivorous birds, it is vital to know which kind of dietary sample provides the information of interest and how the prey can be identified reliably and efficiently. Often, noninvasively obtained dietary samples such as regurgitated pellets, feces, and regurgitated fish samples are the preferred source of information. Fish prey has usually been identified via morphological analysis of undigested hard parts, but molecular approaches are being increasingly used for this purpose. What remains unknown, however, is which dietary sample type is best suited for molecular diet analysis and how the molecular results compare to those obtained by morphological analysis. Pellets, feces, and regurgitated fish samples of Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) were examined for prey using both morphological hard part analysis and molecular prey identification. The sample types and methods were compared regarding number of species detected (overall and per sample) as well as the prey species composition and its variability among individual samples. Via molecular analysis, significantly higher numbers of prey species were detected in pellets, feces, and fish samples. Of the three sample types, pellets contained the most comprehensive trophic information and could be obtained with the lowest sampling effort. Contrastingly, dietary information obtained from feces was least informative and most variable. For all sample types, the molecular approach outperformed morphological hard part identification regarding the detectable prey spectrum and prey species composition. We recommend the use of pellets in combination with molecular prey identification to study the diet of piscivorous birds.
Prevalence of promoter mutations in the TERT gene in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chang Kai‐Ping , Wang Chun‐I , Pickering Curtis R. , Huang Yenlin , Tsai Chi‐Neu , Tsang Ngan‐Ming , Kao Huang‐Kai , Cheng Ming‐Huei , Myers Jeffrey N. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundMutations in the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter contribute to increased TERT activity. The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of TERT promoter mutations in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsTotal DNA was extracted from 201 oral cavity SCC tumors and adjacent normal tissues. Primers were used to amplify the sequence region containing 2 TERT promoter mutations (C228T and C250T) that were then sequenced using the Sanger method.ResultsSequencing revealed that 52.5% (104/201) and 12.9% (26/201) of oral cavity SCC tumor tissues and 6.0% (12/201) and 2.5% (5/201) of adjacent normal tissues contained C228T and C250T mutations, respectively. In addition, the C228T mutation was significantly associated with betel nut chewing.ConclusionOur results show that mutations in the TERT promoter occur in patients with oral cavity SCC at a high frequency. This suggests that somatic TERT promoter mutations could play a vital role in the pathogenesis and progression of oral cavity SCC. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1131–1137, 2017
Location of tumor affects local and distant immune cell type and number
Authors: Hensel Jonathan A. , Khattar Vinayak , Ashton Reading , Lee Carnellia , Siegal Gene P. , Ponnazhagan Selvarangan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionTumors comprise heterogeneous populations of cells, including immune infiltrates that polarize during growth and metastasis. Our preclinical studies on breast cancer (BCa) identified functional differences in myeloid‐derived suppressor cells based on tumor microenvironment (TME), prompting variations in host immune response to tumor growth, and dissemination based on tissue type.MethodsIn order to understand if such variations existed among other immune cells, and if such alteration occurs in response to tumor growth at the primary site or due to bone dissemination, we characterized immune cells, examining localized growth and in the tibia. In addition, immune cells from the spleen were examined from animals of both tumor locations by flow cytometry.ResultsThe study demonstrates that location of tumor, and not simply the tumor itself, has a definitive role in regulating immune effectors. Among all immune cells characterized, macrophages were decreased and myeloid dendritic cell were increased in both tumor locations. This difference was more evident in subcutaneous tumors. Additionally, spleens from mice with subcutaneous tumors contained greater increases in both macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells than in mice with bone tumors. Furthermore, in subcutaneous tumors there was an increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell numbers, which was also observed in their spleens.ConclusionsThese data indicate that alterations in tumor‐reactive immune cells are more pronounced at the primary site, and exert a similar change at the major secondary lymphoid organ than in the bone TME. These findings could provide translational insight into designing therapeutic strategies that account for location of metastatic foci.
Therapeutic Potential of Targeting PI3K/AKT Pathway in Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: Rational and Progress
Authors: Bahrami Afsane , Khazaei Majid , Hasanzadeh Malihe , ShahidSales Soodabeh , Joudi Mashhad Mona , Farazestanian Marjaneh , Sadeghnia Hamid Reza , Rezayi Majid , Maftouh Mina , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Avan Amir 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is one of the key dysregulated pathways in different tumor types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Activation of this pathway is shown to be related with cellular transformation, tumor progression, cell survival, and drug resistance. There is growing body of data evaluating the value of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors in CRC (e.g., BEZ235, NVP‐BEZ235, OSI‐027, everolimus, MK‐2206, KRX‐0401, BYL719, and BKM120). This report summarizes the current knowledge about PI3K/AKT pathway and its cross talk with ERK/MAPK and mTOR pathways with particular emphasis on the value of targeting this pathway as a potential therapeutic target in treatment of colorectal cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 2460–2469, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of Pathogen Eradication Rate and Safety of Anti‐Bacterial Agents for Bronchitis: A Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wang Jinghua , Xu Haiyang , Wang Dunwei , Li Mingxian 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTA large number of population in both developing and developed countries are affected by bronchitis, among all the factors, bacterial infection was considered as a critical cause of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Although several anti‐bacterial agents were proved to have the effect of alleviating bronchitis, their relative efficacies and potential side effects remained not clear. We are keen to compare the pathogen eradication rate and safety of anti‐bacterial agents for bronchitis. Relevant studies were searched in multiple sources and data were extracted from eligible studies. Then conventional meta‐analysis and network meta‐analysis (NMA) were conducted to determine the relative efficacy and safety of bronchitis medications. The efficacy of bronchitis medications was determined by using the outcome of pathogen eradication, including total pathogen eradication, pathogen eradication of Haemophilus influenzae, pathogen eradication of Moraxella catarrhalis, and pathogen eradication of Streptococcus pneumoniae. In addition, safety was assessed by using the outcome of adverse effects and diarrhoea. A 27 RCTs with 9,414 participants were included in the study. Among the medications, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin exhibited better performance than clarithromycin with respect to pathogen eradication of H. influenzae (OR = 21.37, CI: 1.22–541.28; OR = 7.43, CI: 1.79–30.50). Clarithromycin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and telithromycin appeared to be more preferable than amoxicillin + clavulanate and azithromycin with respect to diarrhoea (all OR <1). The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) results suggested that gemifloxacin and levofloxacin had a relatively high ranking in total pathogen eradication, whereas amoxicillin + clavulanate and azithromycin exhibited relatively lower ranking with respect to adverse effects and diarrhoea. Gemifloxacin and levofloxacin are more preferable than others for lowering respiratory tract inflammation and infections considering their balanced performance between pathogen eradication and adverse effects. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3171–3183, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integrating straw yield and quality into multi‐dimensional improvement of lentil (Lens culinaris)
Authors: Alkhtib Ashraf , Wamatu Jane , Ejeta T Tolemariam , Rischkowsky Barbara 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDLentil straw is an important source of fodder for livestock in Africa, South Asia and the Middle East. However, improvement programmes of lentil do not pay attention to straw traits, neither are straw traits considered in release criteria of new varieties. This study aimed to determine whether straw traits can be integrated into multi‐trait improvement of lentil.RESULTSWide genotypic variation (P < 0.001) was found in grain yield, straw yield and nutritive value of straw. Urea treatment significantly (P < 0.01) improved the nutritive value of straw; however, the genotypic range was comparatively higher by 13.3 units, 56 units, 0.82 units, 106 units, 18.3 units and 1.62 units in crude protein, in vitro organic matter digestibility, metabolisable energy, potential dry matter intake, potential crude protein intake and potential metabolisable energy intake respectively. Acid detergent fibre correlated very strongly (pooled r = 0.87) with other nutritive value parameters of straw, therefore, it can be used to screen lentil varieties for fodder quality. Furthermore, acid detergent fibre can accurately predict in vitro organic matter digestibility (R2 = 0.9) and metabolisable energy (R2 = 0.8). Straw yield weakly correlated (r = 0.39, P < 0.001) with grain yield while no relation (P > 0.05) was found between grain yield.CONCLUSIONThe possibility to simultaneously improve grain yield and nutritive traits of lentil straw. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry