bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrovascular Imaging: Which Test is Best?
Authors: Lin Amy , Rawal Sapna , Agid Ronit , Mandell Daniel M 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Optimal diagnosis and characterization of cerebrovascular disease requires selection of the appropriate imaging exam for each clinical situation. In this review, we focus on intracranial arterial disease and discuss the techniques in current clinical use for imaging the blood vessel lumen and blood vessel wall, and for mapping cerebral hemodynamic impairment at the tissue level. We then discuss specific strategies for imaging intracranial aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, dural arterial venous fistulas, and arterial steno-occlusive disease.
Endoscopic Transorbital Superior Eyelid Approach for the Management of Selected Spheno-orbital Meningiomas: Preliminary Experience
Authors: Dallan Iacopo , Sellari-Franceschini Stefano , Turri-Zanoni Mario , de Notaris Matteo , Fiacchini Giacomo , Fiorini Francesca Romana , Battaglia Paolo , Locatelli Davide , Castelnuovo Paolo 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Feasibility and safety of spheno-orbital meningioma resection by means of endoscopic-assisted transorbital route.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of the transorbital endoscopic management of selected spheno-orbital meningiomas. As secondary aims, symptom improvement and tumor volume removed were evaluated.

METHODS
Retrospective chart evaluation of patients with spheno-orbital meningiomas treated by means of endoscopic transorbital superior eyelid approach in 3 referral centers over the last 4 yr.

RESULTS
Fourteen cases were included in this study. In 4 patients, the transorbital endoscopic approach was combined with an endonasal route. Mean age was 51 and male-to-female ratio was 1:6. In 8 patients (57.1%), an intraorbital involvement was observed, 3 of them (21.4%) showed significant intraconal disease. No patient presented significant cavernous sinus infiltration. Main presenting symptoms were proptosis, diplopia, and visual impairment in 14, 6, and 6 patients, respectively. Mean proptosis improvement was 2 mm (standard deviation 2.3). We observed no major postoperative complications.

CONCLUSION
Our preliminary clinical experience seems to demonstrate that selected spheno-orbital meningiomas can be safely managed by means of an endoscopic transorbital route through a superior eyelid approach. Patients with orbital or cavernous sinus infiltration are at highest risk of persistence.
Impact of Inflammation and Anti-inflammatory Modalities on Skeletal Muscle Healing: From Fundamental Research to the Clinic
Authors: Duchesne Elise , Dufresne Sébastien S. , Dumont Nicolas A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Anti-inflammatory modalities are commonly used for the treatment of various musculoskeletal injuries. Although inflammation was originally believed to interfere with skeletal muscle regeneration, several recent studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of inflammatory cells on muscle healing. This discrepancy is attributable to an evolving understanding of the complex inflammatory process. To better appreciate the paradoxical roles of inflammation, clinicians must have a better comprehension of the fundamental mechanisms regulating the inflammatory response. In this perspective article, cellular, animal, and human studies were analyzed to summarize recent knowledge regarding the impact of inflammation on muscle regeneration in acute or chronic conditions. The effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on the treatment of various muscle injuries was also considered. Overall, this work aims to summarize the current state of the literature on the inflammatory process associated with muscle healing in order to give clinicians the necessary tools to have a more efficient and evidence-based approach to the treatment of muscle injuries and disorders.
ASDS Guidelines Task Force: Consensus Recommendations Regarding the Safety of Lasers, Dermabrasion, Chemical Peels, Energy Devices, and Skin Surgery During and After Isotretinoin Use
Authors: Waldman Abigail , Bolotin Diana , Arndt Kenneth A. , Dover Jeffrey S. , Geronemus Roy G. , Chapas Anne , Iyengar Sanjana , Kilmer Suzanne L. , Krakowski Andrew C. , Lawrence Naomi , Prather Heidi B. , Rohrer Thomas E. , Schlosser Bethanee J. , Kim John Y.S. , Shumaker Peter R. , Spring Leah K. , Alam Murad 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND
Currently, the isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) package insert contains language advising the discontinuation of isotretinoin for 6 months before performing cosmetic procedures, including waxing, dermabrasion, chemical peels, laser procedures, or incisional and excisional cold-steel surgery. It is common practice to follow this standard because of concerns regarding reports of sporadic adverse events and increased risk of scarring.

OBJECTIVE
To develop expert consensus regarding the safety of skin procedures, including resurfacing, energy device treatments, and incisional and excisional procedures, in the setting of concurrent or recent isotretinoin use.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The American Society for Dermatologic Surgery authorized a task force of content experts to review the evidence and provide guidance. First, data were extracted from the literature. This was followed by a clinical question review, a consensus Delphi process, and validation of the results by peer review.

RESULTS
The task force concluded that there is insufficient evidence to justify delaying treatment with superficial chemical peels and nonablative lasers, including hair removal lasers and lights, vascular lasers, and nonablative fractional devices for patients currently or recently exposed to isotretinoin. Superficial and focal dermabrasion may also be safe when performed by a well-trained clinician.
Gardnerella vaginalis as a Cause of Abscesses and Bacteremias
Authors: Macedo-Viñas Marina , Petitpierre Nicolas , Cherkaoui Abdessalam , Wirth Gregory , Kaiser Laurent 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Gardnerella vaginalis is infrequently reported as a cause of extragenital infections. Although the pathogenesis of G. vaginalis is not completely understood, available clinical data suggest that it is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause invasive infections.
We report a case of pyelonephritis imputed to G. vaginalis, with renal abscess and bacteremia in a diabetic nonpregnant woman with polycystic kidney disease. Gardnerella vaginalis was isolated from blood, the abscess, and urine obtained by direct placement of a pigtail into the kidney. Identification was made with molecular methods.
We present a review of the literature concerning G. vaginalis extragenital infections, with special focus on abscesses and bacteremias.
We searched PubMed for articles in English, French, German, and Spanish languages. Only 15 cases of abscesses from diverse body sites have been reported. We found 28 articles describing a total of 117 cases of bacteremia. Most of them occurred in women in the peripartum periods and in newborns. Cases in men have been described with lower frequency. The importance of this agent might be underestimated because microbiological diagnosis is difficult. Most cases in adults were nonfatal and without sequelae. There is no consensus on the antibiotic regimen and duration of treatment for these infections. New microbiological diagnosis tools may lead to prompt identification of this microorganism and help to elucidate its participation in localized and systemic infections.
Complicated Lymphogranuloma Venereum With Pelvic Peritonitis in Young Man
Authors: Pasquer Arnaud , Fanget Florian , Djeudji Filbert , Coppere Brigitte , Boibieux Andre , Barth Xavier 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Chlamydia trachomatis–linked pelvic peritonitis occurs mainly in young women of childbearing age, most often in a context of salpingitis. Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome and perihepatitis have been reported in only 2 men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We present here the observation of these patients including clinical presentation, morphological examinations, and therapeutic decision with follow-up. No surgery was performed. Antibiotic therapy was successfully introduced. Chlamydia trachomatis–linked pelvic peritonitis rarely occurs in men and is often associated to immunodeficiency. Diagnosis must be evoqued in medical peritonitis with no etiology found when patient's anamnesis tends to suspect an important sexually transmitted disease risk.
An Unusual Case of Gardnerella vaginalis
Authors: Saikali Peter , Koff Alan , Missick Samardia , Munger David , Zelkowitz Richard , Kang Eunice 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Gardnerella vaginalis bacteremia is an uncommon sequela of a common reproductive tract colonizer, usually related to obstetric or gynecologic procedures. We present a 54-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. She was hospitalized with fever and severe neutropenia and was found to have G. vaginalis on blood culture. The patient was treated with tbo-filgrastim, cefepime, and metronidazole, with resolution of neutropenia and rapid defervescence. This case documents the first case of G. vaginalis bacteremia in a female immunocompromised patient, with only a distant gynecologic history.
Completion Rate and Safety of 12-Dose Isoniazid and Rifapentine for Latent Tuberculosis in a Predominantly Refugee Cohort
Authors: Sweeney Tracey L. , Ahern John W. , Alston W. Kemper 
Published: May 2017

Background
Latent tuberculosis infection treatment is a cornerstone of tuberculosis control. Standard treatment is 9 months of daily, self-administered isoniazid (9H). In 2011, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended 12 doses of isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP), administered once weekly and directly observed, based on a clinical trial demonstrating equal efficacy and higher completion rate than the standard of care (82% vs 69%). The infectious disease clinic at the University of Vermont Medical Center began using the 12-dose regimen in 2012. This study compares the completion rates and safety of the 2 treatments in a real-world setting.

Methods
Two matched cohorts of 82 patients were compared with matching based on age, sex, refugee, foreign birth, birth in Bhutan, and hospital employee.

Results
The completion rates did not differ between 3HP and 9H (71% and 75%, respectively; P = 0.51). For 3HP, males had a higher completion rate than did females (80% vs 56%, P = 0.02). For either cohort, the completion rate did not differ by age, foreign birth, refugee, Bhutanese, or hospital employment. Adverse reactions were the most common reasons to discontinue therapy (74%). The rates of permanent drug discontinuation due to an adverse event were 23% (3HP group) and 15% (9H group) (P = 0.17).

Conclusions
In a cohort of predominantly refugees, completion rates with the 12-dose regimen were not higher than daily, self-administered 9 months of isoniazid. The 12-week regimen was safe and efficient but did not have a higher completion rate.
Endoscopic Infracochlear Approach for Drainage of Petrous Apex Cholesterol Granulomas: A Case Series
Authors: Wick Cameron C. , Hansen Alexander R. , Kutz Joe Walter , Isaacson Brandon 
Published: May 2017

Objective:
To describe the feasibility and technical nuances of a transcanal endoscopic infracochlear approach for drainage of petrous apex cholesterol granulomas.

Study Design:
Retrospective case review.

Setting:
Tertiary care university hospital.

Patients:
A 32-year-old man with bilateral petrous apex cholesterol granulomas and a 54-year-old man with a left-sided petrous apex granuloma each with symptoms necessitating surgical intervention.

Interventions:
Transcanal endoscopic infracochlear approach for drainage of the cholesterol granulomas.

Main Outcome Measures:
Operation efficacy, corridor size, and perioperative morbidity.

Results:
All three cholesterol granulomas were successful drained without violating the cochlea, jugular bulb, or carotid artery. The dimensions of the infracochlear surgical corridor measured 5 mm × 6 mm, 3.5 mm × 3.5 mm, and 6 mm × 4 mm, respectively. All corridors facilitated visualization within the cyst and allowed lyses of adhesions for additional cyst content eradication. All patients had resolution of their acute symptoms. Two of the three subjects had serviceable hearing before and after their procedures. One patient required revision surgery 2-months after their initial procedure secondary to recurrent symptoms from acute hemorrhage within the cyst cavity. The infracochlear tract in this patient was noted to be patent.

Conclusions:
A transcanal endoscopic infracochlear approach is feasible for the management of cholesterol granuloma. The surgical access was wide enough to introduce the endoscope into the petrous apex cavity in each case. Further studies are needed to compare the efficacy and perioperative morbidity versus the traditional postauricular transtemporal approaches.
Age-Related Increase in Blood Levels of Otolin-1 in Humans
Authors: Tabtabai Ryan , Haynes Laura , Kuchel George A. , Parham Kourosh 
Published: May 2017

Objective:
To test the hypothesis that age-related demineralization of otoconia will result in an age-related increase in blood levels of otoconia matrix protein, otolin-1.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional observational clinical trial.

Setting:
Clinical research center.

Patients:
Seventy nine men and women ranging in age from 22 to 95 years old.

Interventions:
Diagnostic.

Main Outcome Measures:
Blood levels of otolin-1 in relation to age.

Results:
Levels of otolin-1 of subjects divided into four age groups (1: 20–30 [n = 20], 2: 50–65 [n = 20], 3: 66–80 [n = 20], 4: 81–95 [n = 19] years old) demonstrated an increasing trend with age. The difference between otolin levels of groups 2 and 3, as well as, (p = 0.04) and 2 and 4 (p = 0.031) were statistically significant, but there was no significant difference between the two oldest groups.

Conclusions:
Otolin-1 blood levels are significantly higher in patients older than 65 years of age. This is consistent with previous scanning electron microscopy findings of age-related otoconia degeneration and increased prevalence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) with age. Normative data provided here can serve as important reference values against which levels from BPPV patients can be compared with further evaluate otolin-1 as a circulatory biomarker for otoconia degeneration.
Paget's Disease of the Temporal Bone: A Single-Institution Contemporary Review of 27 Patients
Authors: Deep Nicholas L. , Besch-Stokes Jake G. , Lane John I. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives:
To report a contemporary review from a single-institution series on Paget's disease of the temporal bone (PDTB).

Study Design:
Retrospective chart review of patients evaluated from 1998 to 2016.

Setting:
Quaternary referral center.

Patients:
Patients with radiographically confirmed PDTB.

Main Outcome Measures:
Clinical, audiological, and radiological features and management strategies of PDTB.

Results:
A total of 50 temporal bones in 27 patients (15 men) were diagnosed with PDTB. Symptoms at presentation included hearing loss (n = 23, 85%), headache (n = 18, 67%), dizziness (n = 14, 52%), tinnitus (n = 5, 19%), chronic otitis media (n = 2, 7%), hemifacial spasm without facial paralysis (n = 1, 4%), multiple cranial neuropathies (n = 1, 4%), and neoplastic transformation (n = 1, 4%). Of the 23 ears with audiometric data available for review, 65% exhibited sensorineural hearing loss, and 35% mixed hearing loss. Long-term audiometric follow-up was available on two patients, both of whom demonstrated hearing loss at a rate greater than would be expected for normal aging. Two patients underwent successful cochlear implantation, achieving open-set speech recognition. Radiographic features of temporal bone involvement are reviewed and illustrated.

Conclusion:
This is the largest single-institution clinical series examining patients with PDTB in the English literature. Variable patterns of temporal bone involvement by Paget's disease are observed leading to a diverse set of clinical symptoms, including slowly progressive hearing loss, tinnitus, compressive cranial neuropathies, and benign or malignant tumorigenesis. Involvement typically begins in the petrous apex and progresses laterally. Otic capsule bone demineralization occurs late in the disease process. Cochlear implantation appears to be an effective management strategy for patients with severe-to-profound hearing loss.
Cochlear Implantation in Patients With Usher Syndrome Type IIa Increases Performance and Quality of Life
Authors: Hartel Bas P. , van Nierop Josephine W. I. , Huinck Wendy J. , Rotteveel Liselotte J. C. , Mylanus Emmanuel A. M. , Snik Ad F. , Kunst Henricus P. M. , Pennings Ronald J. E. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives:
Usher syndrome type IIa (USH2a) is characterized by congenital moderate to severe hearing impairment and retinitis pigmentosa. Hearing rehabilitation starts in early childhood with the application of hearing aids. In some patients with USH2a, severe progression of hearing impairment leads to insufficient speech intelligibility with hearing aids and issues with adequate communication and safety. Cochlear implantation (CI) is the next step in rehabilitation of such patients. This study evaluates the performance and benefit of CI in patients with USH2a.

Design:
Retrospective case-control study to evaluate the performance and benefit of CI in 16 postlingually deaf adults (eight patients with USH2a and eight matched controls). Performance and benefit were evaluated by a speech intelligibility test and three quality-of-life questionnaires.

Results:
Patients with USH2a with a mean age of 59 years at implantation exhibited good performance after CI. The phoneme scores improved significantly from 41 to 87% in patients with USH2a (p = 0.02) and from 30 to 86% in the control group (p = 0.001). The results of the questionnaire survey demonstrated a clear benefit from CI. There were no differences in performance or benefit between patients with USH2a and control patients before and after CI.

Conclusions:
CI increases speech intelligibility and improves quality of life in patients with USH2a.
Serum inhibitory factor 1, high-density lipoprotein and cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Martinez Laurent O. , Genoux Annelise , Ferrières Jean , Duparc Thibaut , Perret Bertrand 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
The atheroprotective properties of HDL are supported by epidemiological and preclinical research. However, the results of interventional trials paradoxically indicate that drugs increasing HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) do not reduce coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Moreover, Mendelian randomization studies have shown no effect of HDL-C-modifying variants on CAD outcome. Thus, the protective effects of HDL particles are more governed by their functional status than their cholesterol content. In this context, any successful clinical exploitation of HDL will depend on the identification of HDL-related biomarkers, better than HDL-C level, for assessing cardiovascular risk and monitoring responses to treatment.

Recent findings
Recent studies have enlightened the role of ecto-F1-ATPase as a cell surface receptor for apoA-I, the major apolipoprotein of HDL, involved in the important metabolic and vascular atheroprotective functions of HDL. In the light of these findings, the clinical relevance of ecto-F1-ATPase in humans has recently been supported by the identification of serum F1-ATPase inhibitor (IF1) as an independent determinant of HDL-C, CAD risk and cardiovascular mortality in CAD patients.

Summary
Serum IF1 measurement might be used as a novel HDL-related biomarker to better stratify risk in high-risk populations or to determine pharmacotherapy.
Metrics to Assess Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Utilization in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Programs*
Authors: Bratton Susan L. , Chan Titus , Barrett Cindy S. , Wilkes Jacob , Ibsen Laura M. , Thiagarajan Ravi R. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives:
Only a small fraction of pediatric cardiac surgical patients are supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation following cardiac surgery, but extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use is more common among those undergoing higher complexity surgery. We evaluated extracorporeal membrane oxygenation metrics indexed to annual cardiac surgical volume to better understand extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use among U.S. cardiac surgical programs.

Design:
Retrospective analysis

Setting:
Forty-three U.S. Children’s Hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System that performed cardiac surgery and used extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Patients:
All patients (< 19 yr) undergoing cardiac surgery during January 2003 to July 2014.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Both extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use and surgical mortality were risk adjusted using Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery 1. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation metrics indexed to annual cardiac surgery cases were calculated for each hospital and the metric values divided into quintiles for comparison across hospitals. Among 131,786 cardiac surgical patients, 3,782 (2.9%) received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Median case mix adjusted rate of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use was 2.8% (interquartile range, 1.6–3.4%). Median pediatric cardiac case mix adjusted surgical mortality was 3.5%. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-associated surgical mortality was 1.3% (interquartile range, 0.7–1.6%); without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, median case mix adjusted surgical mortality would increase from 3.5% to 5.0%. Among patients who died, 36.7% (median) were supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The median reduction in case mix adjusted surgical mortality from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation surgical survival was 30.1%. The median extracorporeal membrane oxygenation free surgical survival was 95% (interquartile range, 94–96%). Centers with less than 150 annual surgical cases had significantly lower median extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use (0.78%) than centers with greater than 275 cases (≥ 2.8% extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use and mortality varied within quintiles and across quintiles of center annual surgical case volume.

Conclusions:
Risk adjusted extracorporeal membrane oxygenation metrics indexed to annual surgical volume provide potential for benchmarking as well as a greater understanding of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilization, efficacy, and impact on cardiac surgery mortality.