bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model of triple friction pendulum bearing for general geometric and frictional parameters
Authors: Sarlis Apostolos A. , Constantinou Michael C. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryCurrent models describing the behavior for the triple friction pendulum (TFP) bearing are based on the assumption that the resultant force of the contact pressure acts at the center of each sliding surface. Accordingly, these models only rely on equilibrium in the horizontal direction to arrive at the equations describing its behavior. This is sufficient for most practical applications where certain constraints on the friction coefficient values apply as a direct consequence of equilibrium.This paper presents a revised model of behavior of the TFP bearing in which no assumptions are made on the location of the resultant forces at each sliding surface and no constraints on the values of the coefficient of friction are required, provided that all sliding surfaces are in full contact. To accomplish this, the number of degrees of freedom describing the behavior of the bearing is increased to include the location of the resultant force at each sliding surface and equations of moment equilibrium are introduced to relate these degrees of freedom to forces. Moreover, the inertia effects of each of the moving parts of the bearing are accounted for in the derivation of the equations describing its behavior.The model explicitly calculates the motion of each of the components of friction pendulum bearings so that any dependence of the coefficient of friction on the sliding velocity and temperature can be explicitly accounted for and calculations of heat flux and temperature increase at each sliding surface can be made. This paper presents (a) the development of the revised TFP bearing model, (b) the analytic solution for the force–displacement relations of two configurations of the TFP bearing, (c) a model that incorporates inertia effects of the TFP bearing components and other effects that are useful in advanced response history analysis, and (d) examples of implementation of the features of the presented model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of the fragrance terpene epoxides and selective monocyclization promoted by camphor and oxone®
Authors: Gaikwad Ravindra D. , Kabiraj Shilpi S. , Bhat Sujata V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA high level of regio‐selectivity in the epoxidation of monoterpenes with camphor and oxone® at pH 7 has been observed. This methodology when applied to acyclic terpenes such as citronellyl acetate, geranyl acetate yielded mainly chiral 6(S),7‐epoxides. Similarly, farnesyl acetate yielded 10(S),11‐epoxide. Alternatively, unsaturated monocyclic terpene alcohol such as (‐)‐α‐terpineol, 6‐methyl‐hept‐5‐en‐2‐ol, when treated with camphor and oxone® at pH ~4‐5 led to one‐pot oxidative‐cyclization to yield (‐)‐trans‐2‐(S)‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole and (+)‐2,2,6‐trimethyl‐tetrahydropyran‐3‐ol respectively. In addition, the epoxides, trans‐2‐hydroxyl‐cineole and its acetate synthesized herein have good perfumery value with woody and sweet aromas. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymer degradation and drug delivery in PLGA‐based drug–polymer applications: A review of experiments and theories
Authors: Xu Yihan , Kim Chang‐Soo , Saylor David M. , Koo Donghun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPoly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymers have been broadly used in controlled drug release applications. Because these polymers are biodegradable, they provide an attractive option for drug delivery vehicles. There are a variety of material, processing, and physiological factors that impact the degradation rates of PLGA polymers and concurrent drug release kinetics. This work is intended to provide a comprehensive and collective review of the physicochemical and physiological factors that dictate the degradation behavior of PLGA polymers and drug release from contemporary PLGA‐based drug–polymer products. In conjunction with the existing experimental results, analytical and numerical theories developed to predict drug release from PLGA‐based polymers are summarized and correlated with the experimental observations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1692–1716, 2017.
Resin composite repair for implant‐supported crowns
Authors: Bonfante Estevam A. , Suzuki Marcelo , Hirata Ronaldo , Bonfante Gerson , Fardin Vinicius P. , Coelho Paulo G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study evaluated the reliability of implant‐supported crowns repaired with resin composites. Fifty‐four titanium abutments were divided in three groups (n = 18 each) to support resin nanoceramic molar crowns, as follows: (LU) (Lava Ultimate, 3M ESPE); LU repaired with either a direct or an indirect resin composite. Samples were subjected to mouth‐motion accelerated‐life testing in water (n = 18). Cumulative damage with a use stress of 300 N was used to plot Weibull curves for group comparison. Reliability was calculated for a mission of 100,000 cycles at 400 N load. Beta values were 0.83 for LU, 0.31 and 0.27 for LU repaired with Filtek and Ceramage, respectively. Weibull modulus for LU was 9.5 and η = 1047 N, m = 6.85, and η = 1002 N for LU repaired with Ceramage, and m = 4.65 and η = 766 N for LU repaired with Filtek (p < 0.10 between LU and LU repaired with Filtek). Reliability at 400 N was 100% for both LU and LU repaired with Ceramage which were significantly higher than LU Filtek repair (32%). LU restored crowns failed cohesively. Fractures were confined within the restored material, and detailed fractography is presented. The performance of resin nanoceramic material repaired with an indirect composite was maintained after accelerated‐life testing compared to unrepaired controls. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1481–1489, 2017.
Control of agitation rate and aeration for enhanced polygalacturonase production in submerged fermentation by Aspergillus sojae using agro‐industrial wastes
Authors: Fratebianchi Dante , Crespo Juan Manuel , Tari Canan , Cavalitto Sebastian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe koji mold Aspergillus sojae, an industrially important microorganism, can produce high levels of pectinases utilizing agro‐industrial wastes. This study introduces apricot and peach pomace, two agro‐industrial wastes barely considered as raw material for the generation of value‐added products, and focuses on its utilization together with orange peel for polygalacturonase production in submerged cultures using A. sojae.RESULTSA Doehlert response surface methodology design conducted in shake flasks and applied individually with these three by‐products led to 60–80 U mL−1 polygalacturonase activity. In bioreactor studies performed with a mixture of apricot pomace and orange peel, by fixing stirrer speed to 600 rpm and cascading airflow to the dissolved oxygen tension up to 1.7 vvm, oxygen limitation problems were overcome and polygalacturonase activity values of 380 U mL−1 were achieved.CONCLUSIONA simple and efficient strategy to minimize oxygen limitation with the lowest possible shear stress is provided for stirred‐tank bioreactors working with highly viscous broths, so as to ultimately enhance microbial enzyme production. The polygalacturonase activity yields obtained in our study are among the highest reported in the literature. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Feasibility and enhancement of copper and ammonia removal from wastewater using struvite formation: a comparative research
Authors: Peng Cong , Chai Li‐Yuan , Tang Chong‐Jian , Min Xiao‐Bo , Ali Mohammad , Song Yu‐Xia , Qi Wei‐Ming 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDCopper–ammonia‐containing wastewater is widely generated in various industrial sectors, such as semiconductor production, printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing, surface finishing, and electroplating processes. Three chemical precipitation methods, i.e. hydroxide precipitation, sulfide precipitation and struvite formation for treatment of chelated copper–ammonia wastewater have been comparatively evaluated.RESULTSThe conventional hydroxide precipitation method possessed the highest copper and ammonia removal at 60.5% and 9.7%, respectively. Although sulfide precipitation decomposed the copper–ammonia complex with the high copper removal of 98.5%, the ammonia removal was just 14.0%. The struvite formation method was demonstrated to be effective for enhanced simultaneous copper and ammonia removal with efficiencies of 99.9% and 98.8%, respectively. UV–vis analysis indicated that the struvite formation method also decomposed the copper–ammonia complex ion. Using XPS and XRD spectra, struvite and cupric hydroxide were shown to be formed after the addition of magnesium and phosphate (with molar ratio n(Mg:P):n(NH3‐N) ranging from 1.0–1.2:1). The larger particle size of the precipitates in the struvite forming process and the enhanced settling property indicated the binding interaction between Cu(OH)2 and struvite which enhanced the sedimentation and finally contributed to the simultaneous and highly efficient removal of copper and ammonia from the recalcitrant chelated wastewater.CONCLUSIONThe struvite formation method performs far better than hydroxide precipitation and sulfide precipitation methods. Binding interaction between cupric hydroxide and struvite enhanced the performance. This study provides some guidance on application of the struvite formation method for the simultaneous removal of heavy metal and ammonia from polluted water. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Validation of Electrochemiluminiscence Immunoassay for Ovarian Steroid Determination in Rhinella arenarum
Authors: Arias Torres Ana Josefina , Páez José Bernardino , Zelarayán Liliana Isabel 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIn this work, we describe the validation of an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) that allowed us for the first time to determine the levels of progesterone (P4) and testosterone (T) secreted by Rhinella arenarum follicles during the preovulatory (POP) and reproductive (RP) periods. We also verified the relation between P4 and T levels and oocyte maturation.Moreover, we demonstrated that the extraction protocol developed for the determinations of P4 and T by ECLIA proved to be efficient and reproducible since the efficacy of the extraction was above 95% in all assays conducted. The results indicate that in the validation process the variation coefficient (CV) between assays is compatible with the analytical procedures based on automated immunoassays (CV < 8%) and that the adaptation proposed for the samples allows the determination of T and P4 with the Cobas e‐411 analyzer.Our results indicate that in basal conditions the levels of T released by R. arenarum follicles were higher than those of P4 during POP and RP. In these conditions, steroid secretion failed to induce germinal vesicle break down (GVBD) in the follicles. Under gonadotropin stimulation, steroidogenesis showed a remarkable increase in both periods, especially during POP. This increase was correlated with a high maturation percentage in the follicles incubated in vitro (GVBD = 72 ± 16%) during POP. During RP, human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) induced 81.75 ± 9.1% GVBD.This study is the first report of the seasonal steroidogenic activity in the ovary of R. arenarum in situ using an ECLIA‐modified protocol developed in our laboratory.
Trabecular bone of precocials at birth; Are they prepared to run for the wolf(f)?
Authors: Gorissen Ben M.C. , Wolschrijn Claudia F. , van Vilsteren Anouk A.M. , van Rietbergen Bert , van Weeren P. René 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBone is a dynamic tissue adapting to loading according to “Wolff's law of bone adaptation.” During very early life, however, such a mechanism may not be adequate enough to adapt to the dramatic change in environmental challenges in precocial species. Their neonates are required to stand and walk within hours after birth, in contrast to altricial animals that have much more time to adapt from the intrauterine environment to the outside world. In this study, trabecular bone parameters of the talus and sagittal ridge of the tibia from stillborn but full‐term precocials (calves and foals) were analyzed by micro‐CT imaging in order to identify possible anticipatory mechanisms to loading. Calculated average bone volume fraction in the Shetland pony (49–74%) was significantly higher compared to Warmblood foals (28–51%). Bovine trabecular bone was characterized by a low average bone volume fraction (22–28%), however, more directional anisotropy was found. It is concluded that anticipatory strategies in skeletal development exist in precocial species, which differ per species and are most likely related to anatomical differences in joint geometry and related loading patterns. The underlying regulatory mechanisms are still unknown, but they may be based on a genetic blueprint for the development of bone. More knowledge, both about a possible blueprint and its regulation, will be helpful in understanding developmental bone and joint diseases. J. Morphol. 277:948–956, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of global climate models for downscaling applications centred over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xu Jianwei , Gao Yanhong , Chen Deliang , Xiao Linhong , Ou Tinghai 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTQuality of a downscaling depends primarily on the quality of the driving global climate model (GCM). In this study, historical atmospheric conditions simulated by 14 GCMs in CMIP5 are evaluated for downscaling applications centred over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) with ERA‐Interim reanalysis as reference. Another reanalysis NCEP‐DOE is also used to estimate the uncertainty associated with the reanalyses. Performances of six frequently used GCM variables, involving atmospheric circulation, air temperature and humidity, are evaluated in terms of biases, spatial correlation coefficient, mean absolute error as well as distinct seasonal features. To detect distributional biases, the two‐sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (KS test) is applied to both the original time series and their anomalies on the monthly scale. A spatial ranking scheme is finally applied to objectively quantify overall relative merits of the GCMs over this region. We found that differences between two reanalysis datasets are negligible over this region. Regarding the GCMs' performances, the biases of the simulated variables show remarkable differences among models. Sea level pressure and 500 hPa geopotential height are well simulated by all the GCMs, whereas specific humidity at 600 hPa has a significant dry bias and temperature at 500 hPa has a sizable cold bias. The spatial pattern of the upper‐tropospheric circulation is relatively poorly simulated. The KS test suggests that the climatic mean and higher order moments play about an equal role in causing the errors. According to the ranking scores, CCSM4, CNRM‐CM5, MPI‐ESM‐LR, NorESM1‐M, MIROC4h, MPI_ESM_MR and CSIRO‐MK are relatively superior to other GCMs for this region.
Changes in volatile composition and sensory attributes of wines during alcohol content reduction
Authors: Longo Rocco , Blackman John W , Torley Peter J , Rogiers Suzy Y , Schmidtke Leigh M 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA desirable sensory profile is a major consumer driver for wine acceptability and should be considered during the production of reduced‐alcohol wines. Although various viticultural practices and microbiological approaches show promising results, separation technologies such as membrane filtration, in particular reverse osmosis and evaporative perstraction, in addition to vacuum distillation, represent the most common commercial methods used to produce reduced‐alcohol wine. However, ethanol removal from wine can result in a significant loss of volatile compounds such as esters (ethyl octanoate, ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate) that contribute positively to the overall perceived aroma. These losses can potentially reduce the acceptability of the wine to consumers and decrease their willingness to purchase wines that have had their alcohol level reduced. The change in aroma as a result of the ethanol removal processes is influenced by a number of factors: the type of alcohol reduction process; the chemical‐physical properties (volatility, hydrophobicity, steric hindrance) of the aroma compounds; the retention properties of the wine non‐volatile matrix; and the ethanol level. This review identifies and summarises possible deleterious influences of the dealcoholisation process and describes best practice strategies to maintain the original wine composition. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Improved sensory recovery with a novel dual neurorrhaphy technique for breast reconstruction with free muscle sparing TRAM flap technique
Authors: Puonti Helena K. , Jääskeläinen Satu K. , Hallikainen Helena K. , Partanen Taina A. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundWe describe a new dual neurorrhaphy method for a free abdominal‐based flap and compare sensory recovery with this novel technique to that with conventional neurorrhaphy technique for breast reconstruction.Methods70 breast cancer patients underwent muscle sparing innervated transversal rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap (neuro ms‐TRAM) breast reconstruction with either a novel dual neurorrhaphy technique (N = 41) or single (N = 29) neurorrhaphy only. Dual neurorrhaphy was performed on both sides and single neurorrhaphy on one side of the flap, using the end‐to‐end or end‐to‐side technique. Two years postoperatively, quantitative sensory testing (QST) was performed for tactile, and thermal sensory modalities, and other tests included sharp‐blunt, vibration, and two‐point discrimination. Sensory modalities were scored either zero (abnormal) or one point (normal) at each test site against normal reference values (five sites for most tests). The total sensory scores (TSC) were calculated on the basis of the sums of the individual test scores, and all data are presented as the median (interquartile range, IQR).ResultsThe median of TSC in the breast reconstruction with the dual neurorrhaphy was higher (15.3, IQR 11.8–19.4), than that with the single neurorrhaphy (11.5, IQR 9.1–17.4) (P = 0.037). Regarding the different sensory modalities, the dual technique especially enhanced the tactile (P = 0.005) and cool detection (P = 0.021) recovery compared to the single neurorrhaphy.ConclusionsDual neurorrhaphy improved the sensory recovery of the reconstructed breast, and may therefore be recommended for clinical practice. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:21–28, 2017.
How to measure absolute P3HT crystallinity via 13C CPMAS NMR
Authors: Nieuwendaal Ryan C. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:We outline the details of acquiring quantitative 13C cross‐polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance on the most ubiquitous polymer for organic electronic applications, poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT), despite other groups' claims that CPMAS of P3HT is strictly nonquantitative. We lay out the optimal experimental conditions for measuring crystallinity in P3HT, which is a parameter that has proven to be critical in the electrical performance of P3HT‐containing organic photovoltaics but remains difficult to measure by scattering/diffraction and optical methods despite considerable efforts. Herein, we overview the spectral acquisition conditions of the two P3HT films with different crystallinities (0.47 and 0.55) and point out that because of the chemical similarity of P3HT to other alkyl side chain, highly conjugated main chain polymers, our protocol could straightforwardly be extended to other organic electronic materials. Variable temperature 1H NMR results are shown as well, which (i) yield insight into the molecular dynamics of P3HT, (ii) add context for spectral editing techniques as applied to quantifying crystallinity, and (iii) show why T1ρH, the 1H spin–lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame, is a more optimal relaxation filter for distinguishing between crystalline and noncrystalline phases of highly conjugated alkyl side‐chain polymers than other relaxation times such as the 1H spin–spin relaxation time, T2H, and the spin–lattice relaxation time in the toggling frame, T1xzH. A 7 ms T1ρH spin lock filter, prior to CPMAS, allows for spectroscopic separation of crystalline and noncrystalline 13C nuclear magnetic resonance signals. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
3D Cartesian MRI with compressed sensing and variable view sharing using complementary poisson‐disc sampling
Authors: Levine Evan , Daniel Bruce , Vasanawala Shreyas , Hargreaves Brian , Saranathan Manojkumar 
Published: April 2016

PurposeTo enable robust, high spatio‐temporal‐resolution three‐dimensional Cartesian MRI using a scheme incorporating a novel variable density random k‐space sampling trajectory allowing flexible and retrospective selection of the temporal footprint with compressed sensing (CS).MethodsA complementary Poisson‐disc k‐space sampling trajectory was designed to allow view sharing and varying combinations of reduced view sharing with CS from the same prospective acquisition. These schemes were used for two‐point Dixon‐based dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) of the breast and abdomen. Results were validated in vivo with a novel approach using variable‐flip‐angle data, which was retrospectively accelerated using the same methods but offered a ground truth.ResultsIn breast DCE‐MRI, the temporal footprint could be reduced 2.3‐fold retrospectively without introducing noticeable artifacts, improving depiction of rapidly enhancing lesions. Further, experiments with variable‐flip‐angle data showed that reducing view sharing improved accuracy in reconstruction and T1 mapping. In abdominal MRI, 2.3‐fold and 3.6‐fold reductions in temporal footprint allowed reduced motion artifacts.ConclusionThe complementary‐Poisson‐disc k‐space sampling trajectory allowed a retrospective spatiotemporal resolution tradeoff using CS and view sharing, imparting robustness to motion and contrast enhancement. The technique was also validated using a novel approach of fully acquired variable‐flip‐angle acquisition. Magn Reson Med 77:1774–1785, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine