bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH INOKULUM CAMPURAN Lactobacillus plantarum DAN Saccharomyces cerevisiae TERHADAP KUALITAS ORGANOLEPTIK, FISIK, DAN KIMIA SILASE KULIT BUAH KAKAO
Authors: Zakariah Muhammad Askari , Utomo Ristanto , Bacruddin Zaenal 
Published: April 2016

<p><span><em>This research was done to determine the effect of L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae innoculated into </em><span><em>cocoa pod silage on organoleptic, physical and chemical quality. This experiment consist of four treatments </em><span><em>namely silage of fresh harvested cocoa pods without inoculant as control (K); inoculated with L. plantarum </em><span><em>(KLp); innoculated with S. cerevisiae (KSc); and innoculated with both L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae </em><span><em>mixture (KLp+Sc) was cassava meal added as supplement. Each treatment was replicated 3 time. Ensilage </em><span><em>was done for 21 days. Variables observed were properties of organoleptic (i.e. color, odor, texture and </em><span><em>existence of fungal), physical (pH), and chemical (i.e. lactic acid content, content of dry matter (DM), organic </em><span><em>matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF) and nitrogen free extract (NFE)). </em><span><em>Collected data of organoleptic characteristic were analyzed by non-parametric test (Hedonic KruskalWallis), whereas physical and chemical data analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and followed by </em><span><em>Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test for significant difference. Result showed the inoculum have effect </em><span><em>(P&lt;0.05) on characteristic of organoleptic (color and avaibility fungus) and chemical (dry matter, organic </em><span><em>matter, extract ether, and nitrogen free extract content). Silage with inoculation Lp+Sc on silage significantly </em><span><em>(P&lt;0.05) had higher DM and OM concentration (22.66% vs 20.38% and 94.43% vs 93.72%), higher NFE </em><span><em>(75.46% vs 70.51%) and lower EE (0.15% vs 0.87%, respectively), compared to control. Based on result, it </em><span><em>can be concluded that silage with L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae mixture have better quality.</em><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>(<span><em>Key words: Cocoa pod, Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em><span>, <span><em>Silage)</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span></span></p>
MANFAAT PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG KUNYIT (Curcuma domestica Val) DAN TEPUNG JAHE (Zingiber officinale) TERHADAP KUALITAS BAKSO ITIK AFKIR DENGAN LAMA PENYIMPANAN YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Lestarini Indah Nur , Anggarawati Novitasari , Nuhriawangsa Adi Magna Patriadi , Dewanti Ratih 
Published: April 2016

<p><span><em>The aim of the research was to determine the advantage of tumeric flour (Curcuma domestica Val) </em><span><em>and ginger flour (Zingiber officinale) addition on quality of culled duck meatball in different storage times. </em><span><em>The materials were thigh duck, tumeric flour and ginger flour. The design used in experiment was a </em><span><em>Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial pattern 4x3 as the first factor was concentration of </em><span><em>turmeric flour (0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5%) and ginger flour (0; 1; 2; 3%) and the second one was storage time (0; 8; </em><span><em>16 hours). The result of the research showed that storage time affected (P&lt;0.05) pH, tenderness and waterholding capacity. Concentration of tumeric flour and ginger flour affected tenderness.There was no </em><span><em>interaction between those two factors on pH, water-holding capacity, tenderness,and total proteolitic </em><span><em>bacteria. Concentration of turmeric flour 0,5% and ginger flour 1% with storage time during 0 hours gave </em><span><em>the best result, with a pH value 6.49, tenderness 0.31, water-holding capacity 22.27, and a total proteolytic </em><span><em>bacteria , 3.57x10</em><span><em>4</em><span><em>. In conclusion, the finest result founded at 0.5% of turmeric flour and 1% of ginger flour</em><span><em>addition in meatball before storage.</em><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em>(Keywords: Culled duck, Ginger flour, Meatball, Storage time, Tumeric flour)</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span></p>
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JAGUNG KUNING FERMENTASI DENGAN SUPLEMENTASI POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID (PUFA) DAN L-KARNITIN TERHADAP DAYA TETAS TELUR PUYUH
Authors: Putri Ayu Siswoyo , (Sudibya) Sudibya , Dewanti Ratih 
Published: April 2016

<p><span><em>The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of feeding fermented yellow corn with </em><span><em>polyunsaturated fatty acid and L-Karnitin supplementation on the hatchability of quail (Coturnix-coturnix </em><span><em>japonica) egg. A number of 160 female and 40 male quails of 70 days old were used as experimental </em><span><em>animal. The present research was designed in oneway Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five </em><span><em>treatments and four replication, each replication contains of eight female and two males quails. The </em><span><em>dietary treatments were P0= basal diet, P1= P0 with 100% substitution at yellow corn by fermented yellow </em><span><em>corn, P2= P1 + 10 ppm L-karnitin, P3= P2 + 4% tuna fish oil, P4= P2 + 4% lemuru fish oil. Suplementation </em><span><em>of fish oil as polyunsaturated fatty acid source and L-karnitin in fermented yellow corn diet didn’t affect </em><span><em>eggs fertility, hatchability, and hatching quality, however, it significantly (P&lt;0.01) affected hatching weight. </em><span><em>The best result achieved in treatment P1 because it content yellow corn fermentation which increased the </em><span><em>weight of hatching. It can be concluded that feeding fermented yellow corn with supplementation of </em><span><em>polyunsaturated fatty acid source and L-karnitin quail eggs, increase DOQ hatching weight of quail eggs.</em><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em>(Key words: Fermented yellow corn, Hatchability, L-karnitin, Polyunsaturated fatty acid, Quail)</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></p>
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BUNGKIL INTI KELAPA SAWIT YANG DIFERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN ISOLAT SELULOLITIK DARI BELALANG KEMBARA PADA PAKAN TERHADAP PENAMPILAN PRODUKSI PUYUH JANTAN
Authors: Pranata Arif 
Published: April 2016

<p><span><em>This research was conducted to examine the effects of fresh and fermented palm kernel cake (BIKS) </em><span><em>supplementation in the diets on male japanese quail performance. Two hundred and ten day-old quails </em><span><em>were randomly devided into seven treatment diets in three replications of ten quails each. The dietary </em><span><em>treatments were: diet without palm kernel cake (control; K), control diets supplemented with 10%, 20% , </em><span><em>30% BIKS (BIKS10%, BIKS20%, BIKS 30%), control diets supplemented with 10%, 20%, 30% fermented </em><span><em>palm kernel cake (BIKSF10%, BIKSF20%, BIKSF30%). The collected data were final body weight, feed </em><span><em>consumption, feed conversion, and carcass production. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA, </em><span><em>followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test for any result with significant different. The results showed </em><span><em>that dietary supplementation did not influence the final body weight and carcass production. The final body </em><span><em>weight of the birds were 123.55, 122.34, 118.35, 122.24, 119.24, 124.72 and 121.95 g/head/35 day, carcass </em><span><em>percentation were 65.35, 64.68, 64.87, 65.20, 66.57, 65.36, and 64.87%. However, Japanese quails that </em><span><em>given fermented palm kernel cake had higher feed consumption and conversion ratio, except for the birds </em><span><em>with 10% BIKSF. It might be concluded that the additions of BIKSF in diet did not give beneficial effects on </em><span><em>the performance of Japanese quail.</em><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em>(Key words: Fermentation, Palm kernel cake, Performance, Quail)</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></p>
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MARGIN PEMASARAN SAPI POTONG DAN DAGING SAPI DI KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR
Authors: Koesmara Hendra , Nurtini Sudi , Budisatria I Gede Suparta 
Published: April 2016

<p><span><em>This research identified the forms of share market, to calculate the price received by farmers and </em><span><em>middlemen, and analyze marketing margins of beef cattle market. This research was conducted in June to </em><span><em>August 2011, in Aceh Besar regency of Aceh province. The method used in this study was a survey </em><span><em>method and field direct observations and interviews using questionnaires to farmers, middlemen (mugge) </em><span><em>and meat traders respondent. The number of samples were 420 respondents, including 270 respondents </em><span><em>of livestock farmers,105 respondents of middlemen (mugee) and 45 respondents of meat traders (final </em><span><em>consumer)from the three districts. This study used regression analysis to determine the effect of variables </em><span><em>simultaneously observed the marketing margin. The results showed there were 2 channel marketings, </em><span><em>channel marketing I of farmers to the final consumer through two market participants were mugee and </em><span><em>meat traders,while the marketing channel II from farmers to consumers through one market participants </em><span><em>that was meat traders. In marketing channels I mugee get income share 24.89% with 10.38% share of the </em><span><em>cost, while the meat traders got incomeshare 47.70% with 17.03% share of the cost. In marketing </em><span><em>channels II meat tradersgot income share 83.00% with17.00% share of the cost. In marketing channels I </em><span><em>mugee marketing margin of Rp1,026,293.10/head and the meat traders of Rp1,883,045.98/head, while </em><span><em>the meat traders of Rp2,944,838.00/head. The coefficient ofdetermination (R</em><span><em>2</em><span><em>) equalto 0.337321, which <span><em>means cattle marketing margin could be explained jointly by 33.73% by the marketing costs, the price at </em><span><em>the farmer level and the number of middlemen. The test results of the marketing costs (x1) significantly </em><span><em>(P&lt;0.05) on the marketing margin, the price at the farmer level (x2) was highly significant (P&lt;0.01) on the </em><span><em>marketing margin and the number of middlemen (x3) didnot affect the marketing margin.</em></span></span></span></span></em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em><span><span><span><span><em></em><br /><span><em>(Keywords: Cattle, District of Aceh Besar</em><span>, <span><em>Market share, Marketing margin)</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span></p>
ELEMEN KLASTER INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN SUSU DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Marufah Nur Laili , Wisnumurti Tri Djoko , Guntoro Budi 
Published: April 2016

<p><span><em>This research was conducted to study the elements and value chain of milk-processing cluster </em><span><em>industry in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The respondent in this study consisted of cow and goats milk </em><span><em>processing industry, dairy cooperative and related institution. The data consisted of primary data and </em><span><em>secondary data. Primary data were collected through observation and interviews, while secondary data </em><span><em>obtained from statistical data from Department of Industry, Trade and Cooperatives, Agricultural Service </em><span><em>of Agriculture Department and LPPOM MUI DIY. Descriptive analysis were used in this study to analyzed </em><span><em>the data. Respondent and locations were determined using purposive sampling methods lead to be </em><span><em>analyse descriptively. The results showed that stakeholders involved as important elements of milkprocessing cluster industry were milk suppliers (farmer, dairy groups, and cooperative), core industry </em><span><em>(small-medium scale processor of cow’s and goat milk), supporting industry (sugar, packaging and tools), </em><span><em>supporting institution (bank, university, and government agencies), related industry (food chain, bakery, </em><span><em>and coffee shop), and also buyers (retailer, distributor, end user or consumer). Their main products are </em><span><em>pasteurized cow’s and goat milk, yoghurt of cow’s milk, and goat milk powder. The long chains to produce </em><span><em>milk product since the raw milk have indicated some added values on economy and involvement of </em><span><em>man powers leading to local economic development as well as of technology innovation or industry. It has </em><span><em>been concluded that milk-processing cluster industry could be used as a locomotive for regional </em><span><em>economics development.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em></em><br /><span><em>(Key words: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Elements, Milk-processing cluster industry, Regional economic </em><span><em>development, Value chain)</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></p>
The Safety of Hand and Upper-Extremity Surgical Procedures at a Freestanding Ambulatory Surgery Center
Authors: Goyal Kanu S. , Jain Sameer , Buterbaugh Glenn A. , Imbriglia Joseph E. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
More procedures are being completed on an outpatient basis at freestanding ambulatory surgery centers. The purpose of our study was to determine the safety and rate of adverse events in outpatient hand and upper-extremity surgical procedures.

Methods:
A retrospective review of cases at a single, freestanding ambulatory surgery center over an eleven-year period was performed. In our analysis, 28,737 cases were performed and were included. Adverse events were defined as serious complications causing harm to a patient or leading to additional treatment. Using state-reportable adverse events criteria as a guideline, we divided the adverse events into seven categories: infection requiring intravenous antibiotics or return to the operating room, postoperative transfer to a hospital, wrong-site surgical procedure, retention of a foreign object, postoperative symptomatic thromboembolism, medication error, and bleeding complications. These adverse events were then analyzed to determine if they led to additional laboratory testing, hospital admission, return to the operating room, emergency department visits, or physical or mental permanent disability.

Results:
There were fifty-eight reported adverse events, for an overall rate of 0.20%. There were no deaths. There were fourteen infections, eighteen postoperative transfers to a hospital, twenty-one hospital admissions after discharge, one medication error, and four postoperative hematomas. There were no cases of wrong-site surgical procedures or retained foreign bodies.

Conclusions:
Our study shows that, with a selected patient population, a very low adverse event rate (0.20%) can be achieved. Our review showing few adverse events, no deaths, and no wrong-site surgical procedures supports our view that hand and upper-extremity surgical procedures can be completed safely in the outpatient setting at a freestanding ambulatory surgery center.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Outcomes and Complications After Open Versus Posterior Arthroscopic Subtalar Arthrodesis in 121 Patients
Authors: Rungprai Chamnanni , Phisitkul Phinit , Femino John E. , Martin Kevin D. , Saltzman Charles L. , Amendola Annunziato 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Subtalar arthrodesis is a standard treatment for subtalar arthritis. Both open and arthroscopic techniques have been described and are commonly used. The cases of a consecutive series of 121 patients treated with either open or posterior arthroscopic techniques are presented with functional outcomes and complications.

Materials:
A retrospective chart review with prospectively collected data was performed for 121 consecutive patients (129 feet) who underwent subtalar arthrodesis with open (60 feet in 57 patients) or arthroscopic (69 feet in 64 patients) techniques between 2001 and 2014. The technique was selected on the basis of the deformity and surgeon preference. The primary outcomes were the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Short Form (SF)-36, Foot Function Index (FFI), and Angus and Cowell rating scores. Secondary outcomes included hindfoot alignment, operative time, length of hospital stay, fusion rate, time to return to work, ability to perform sports and activities of daily living, and complications.

Results:
Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in VAS, SF-36, FFI, and Angus and Cowell rating scale scores. The mean operative time, VAS score, Angus and Cowell rating score, and coronal plane hindfoot alignment were similar between the groups. There were no significant differences within the groups with respect to union rate and time to union among the various sizes of screws and types of bone graft. Sural nerve complications and a painful surgical scar were more frequent in the open group, whereas hardware-related symptoms were more frequent in the arthroscopically treated group.

Conclusions:
Subtalar arthrodesis performed with open and arthroscopically assisted techniques demonstrated signiﬁcant improvement in terms of pain and function as measured with the VAS, FFI, and SF-36. While the time to union and to return to work, activities of daily living, and sports activities were significantly shorter for the arthroscopic arthrodesis group, the union rates and complications overall were not significantly different.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Reverse Dynamization
Authors: Glatt Vaida , Bartnikowski Nicole , Quirk Nicholas , Schuetz Michael , Evans Christopher 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Reverse dynamization is a technology for enhancing the healing of osseous defects. With use of an external fixator, the axial stiffness across the defect is initially set low and subsequently increased. The purpose of the study described in this paper was to explore the efficacy of reverse dynamization under different conditions.

Methods:
Rat femoral defects were stabilized with external fixators that allowed the stiffness to be modulated on living animals. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) was implanted into the defects on a collagen sponge. Following a dose-response experiment, 5.5 μg of rhBMP-2 was placed into the defect under conditions of very low (25.4-N/mm), low (114-N/mm), medium (185-N/mm), or high (254-N/mm) stiffness. Reverse dynamization was evaluated with 2 different starting stiffnesses: low (114 N/mm) and very low (25.4 N/mm). In both cases, high stiffness (254 N/mm) was imposed after 2 weeks. Healing was assessed with radiographs, micro-computed tomography (μCT), histological analysis, and mechanical testing.

Results:
In the absence of dynamization, the medium-stiffness fixators provided the best healing. Reverse dynamization starting with very low stiffness was detrimental to healing. However, with low initial stiffness, reverse dynamization considerably improved healing with minimal residual cartilage, enhanced cortication, increased mechanical strength, and smaller callus. Histological analysis suggested that, in all cases, healing provoked by rhBMP-2 occurred by endochondral ossification.

Conclusions:
These data confirm the potential utility of reverse dynamization as a way of improving bone healing but indicate that the stiffness parameters need to be selected carefully.

Clinical Relevance:
Reverse dynamization may reduce the amount of rhBMP-2 needed to induce healing of recalcitrant osseous lesions, reduce the time to union, and decrease the need for prolonged external fixation.
Nanotechnology Can Overcome the Critical Issues of Extremely Challenging Drilling and Production Environments
Authors: Amanullah M. , Ramasamy Jothibasu 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Due to progressively decreasing trend in finding easy oil and gas, the industry is constantly shifting to high risk and extremely challenging drilling environments to meet global energy demands. This is reflected by increasingly higher drilling activities in complex geological areas, deep water environments, extreme-HTHP conditions, etc. The increasing shift from vertical to deviated, horizontal or extended reach drilling, single lateral to multilateral drilling, conventional to coiled tubing or casing while drilling, rotary drilling to downhole motor drilling, etc., also dictate the development of highly reliable tools and equipment for trouble free drilling operation. Moreover, critical issues such as high temperature, high pressure, complex geology, high water depth, and high rig rental and operating costs make oil and gas exploration and exploitation highly risky and extremely costly. Therefore, extreme-environment drilling operations need reliable, chemically resistive and mechanically stable, short- and long-term fail-safe surface and subsurface tools and equipment to overcome the technical limitations of conventional tools.
Nanotechnology has demonstrated that nanostructured materials with special mechanical, chemical, thermal, electrical and tribological properties can exhibit significantly higher strength, hardness, material toughness, corrosion resistance, ductility, elastic properties, thermal stability, and heat conductivity, etc., compared to conventional materials in spite of having the same chemical and material compositions. As these materials exhibit very low density and high mechanical strength and superior chemical resistance and excellent thermal stability, tailor made nanomaterials or nanocomposites either alone or in combination with other macro, micro and nano materials can provide much lighter equipment with significantly higher mechanical, thermal, chemical and tribological properties for challenging drilling environments. This paper describes the application of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in the development of superior nano-enhanced tools and equipment that can overcome critical operational issues found in extreme drilling and production environments.