bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future of Pacific Salmon in the Face of Environmental Change: Lessons from One of the World's Remaining Productive Salmon Regions
Authors: Schoen Erik R. , Wipfli Mark S. , Trammell E. Jamie , Rinella Daniel J. , Floyd Angelica L. , Grunblatt Jess , McCarthy Molly D. , Meyer Benjamin E. , Morton John M. , Powell James E. , Prakash Anupma , Reimer Matthew N. , Stuefer Svetlana L. , Toniolo Horacio , Wells Brett M. , Witmer Frank D. W. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. face serious challenges from climate and landscape change, particularly in the southern portion of their native range. Conversely, climate warming appears to be allowing salmon to expand northwards into the Arctic. Between these geographic extremes, in the Gulf of Alaska region, salmon are at historically high abundances but face an uncertain future due to rapid environmental change. We examined changes in climate, hydrology, land cover, salmon populations, and fisheries over the past 30–70 years in this region. We focused on the Kenai River, which supports world-famous fisheries but where Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha populations have declined, raising concerns about their future resilience. The region is warming and experiencing drier summers and wetter autumns. The landscape is also changing, with melting glaciers, wetland loss, wildfires, and human development. This environmental transformation will likely harm some salmon populations while benefiting others. Lowland salmon streams are especially vulnerable, but retreating glaciers may allow production gains in other streams. Some fishing communities harvest a diverse portfolio of fluctuating resources, whereas others have specialized over time, potentially limiting their resilience. Maintaining diverse habitats and salmon runs may allow ecosystems and fisheries to continue to thrive amidst these changes.
Archetypal images in Haida art
Authors: Hedman Bruce 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe Haida, a First People of British Columbia, evolved over 3000 years an art form which is rich in archetypal images. Most Northwest Coast anthropologists study only the form of Haida art, but Wilson Duff and George MacDonald have pursued its meaning using terms that echo analytical psychology. In this paper, I argue that the structure of shamanic cosmology and Haida moieties parallel the distinction in the human psyche which Marie-Louise von Franz called the Unconscious Above and the Unconscious Below. The ‘marriage of opposites’, the reconciliation of Logos and Eros, Duff saw symbolized in Haida art by the Copper, which I call the ‘HaidaAnthropos’. Using this parallel with the chthonic and the celestial, I then amplify the myth of ‘Eagle Chain and Giant Clam’ as it was portrayed in two argillite totem poles, which I argue show the peripeteia and lysis of the myth.
netReg: network-regularized linear models for biological association studies
Authors: Dirmeier Simon , Fuchs Christiane , Mueller Nikola S , Theis Fabian J 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Summary
Modelling biological associations or dependencies using linear regression is often complicated when the analyzed data-sets are high-dimensional and less observations than variables are available (n ≪ p). For genomic data-sets penalized regression methods have been applied settling this issue. Recently proposed regression models utilize prior knowledge on dependencies, e.g. in the form of graphs, arguing that this information will lead to more reliable estimates for regression coefficients. However, none of the proposed models for multivariate genomic response variables have been implemented as a computationally efficient, freely available library. In this paper we propose netReg, a package for graph-penalized regression models that use large networks and thousands of variables. netReg incorporates a priori generated biological graph information into linear models yielding sparse or smooth solutions for regression coefficients.

Availability and implementation
netReg is implemented as both R-package and C ++ commandline tool. The main computations are done in C ++, where we use Armadillo for fast matrix calculations and Dlib for optimization. The R package is freely available on Bioconductorhttps://bioconductor.org/packages/netReg. The command line tool can be installed using the conda channel Bioconda. Installation details, issue reports, development versions, documentation and tutorials for the R and C ++ versions and the R package vignette can be found on GitHub https://dirmeier.github.io/netReg/. The GitHub page also contains code for benchmarking and example datasets used in this paper.
Quantifying infective endocarditis risk in patients with predisposing cardiac conditions
Authors: Thornhill Martin H , Jones Simon , Prendergast Bernard , Baddour Larry M , Chambers John B , Lockhart Peter B , Dayer Mark J 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimsThere are scant comparative data quantifying the risk of infective endocarditis (IE) and associated mortality in individuals with predisposing cardiac conditions.Methods and resultsEnglish hospital admissions for conditions associated with increased IE risk were followed for 5 years to quantify subsequent IE admissions. The 5-year risk of IE or dying during an IE admission was calculated for each condition and compared with the entire English population as a control. Infective endocarditis incidence in the English population was 36.2/million/year. In comparison, patients with a previous history of IE had the highest risk of recurrence or dying during an IE admission [odds ratio (OR) 266 and 215, respectively]. These risks were also high in patients with prosthetic valves (OR 70 and 62) and previous valve repair (OR 77 and 60). Patients with congenital valve anomalies (currently considered ‘moderate risk’) had similar levels of risk (OR 66 and 57) and risks in other ‘moderate-risk’ conditions were not much lower. Congenital heart conditions (CHCs) repaired with prosthetic material (currently considered ‘high risk’ for 6 months following surgery) had lower risk than all ‘moderate-risk’ conditions—even in the first 6 months. Infective endocarditis risk was also significant in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices.ConclusionThese data confirm the high IE risk of patients with a history of previous IE, valve replacement, or repair. However, IE risk in some ‘moderate-risk’ patients was similar to that of several ‘high-risk’ conditions and higher than repaired CHC. Guidelines for the risk stratification of conditions predisposing to IE may require re-evaluation.
The influence of oceanographic conditions and larval behaviour on settlement success—the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.)
Authors: Beraud Claire , van der Molen Johan , Armstrong Mike , Hunter Ewan , Fonseca Leila , Hyder Kieran 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is a slow-growing late maturing fish. The northern stock has been declining since 2010 and is thought to be caused by a combination of fishing and weak year classes. Large inter-annual variation in settlement has been observed, so a better understanding of the mechanisms driving settlement success will aid interpretation of the variation between years, and help to improve the stock assessment models and management strategies. In this study, an individual-based model (IBM) was developed to investigate the factors affecting sea bass settlement on nursery grounds of the northern sea bass stock. The IBM was coupled with hydrodynamics to track particles, whereas egg and larval development, and vertical migration behaviour are fully incorporated. The IBM successfully predicted inter-annual differences in settlement regardless of larval behaviour. The highest settlement success was predicted with neutrally buoyant eggs, hatchlings, and larval stages, in combination with tidal migration at the final larval stage. Dispersal was driven mainly by the influence of wind on residual currents and water temperature, with warmer temperatures reducing the duration of the pelagic phase and stronger current increasing the potential to drift further. Eggs spawned in the central western English Channel settled in both England and France, with movement from the central to the eastern English Channel occurring only in warm years. Larval duration was driven by water temperature and showed an increase in duration from the southwest to northeast areas of the northern stock. The results are discussed in the context of sea bass management and conservation strategies.
Correlation between the luminosity and spin-period changes during outbursts of 12 Be binary pulsars observed by the MAXI/GSC and the Fermi/GBM
Authors: Sugizaki Mutsumi , Mihara Tatehiro , Nakajima Motoki , Makishima Kazuo 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
To study observationally the spin-period changes of accreting pulsars caused by the accretion torque, the present work analyzes X-ray light curves of 12 Be binary pulsars obtained by the MAXI Gas-Slit Camera all-sky survey and their pulse periods measured by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor pulsar project, both covering more than six years, from 2009 August to 2016 March. The 12 objects were selected because they are accompanied by clear optical identification and accurate measurements of surface magnetic fields. The luminosity L and the spin-frequency derivatives $\dot{\nu }$, measured during large outbursts with L ≳ 1 × 1037 erg s−1, were found to follow approximately the theoretical relations in the accretion torque models, represented by $\dot{\nu } \propto L^{\alpha }$ (α ≃ 1), and the coefficient of proportionality between $\dot{\nu }$ and Lα agrees, within a factor of ∼3, with that proposed by Ghosh and Lamb (1979b, ApJ, 234, 296). In the course of the present study, the orbital elements of several sources were refined.
The Economic Burden of Pathological Gambling and Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Rodriguez-Monguio Rosa , Brand Evelyn , Volberg Rachel 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
Disordered gambling often co-occurs with psychiatric and substance use disorders. The study aim was to assess the healthcare costs of pathological gambling (PG) and co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders by payer. This is the first-of-its-kind economic analysis of addictive behaviors and mental health disorders.

Methods:
Study data were derived from the Massachusetts All-Payer Claims Data—a representative health claims database—for the period 2009 to 2013. The study analytical sample contained all medical and pharmaceutical claims for commercially insured Massachusetts residents who were aged ≥18 years, had health insurance coverage, had a diagnosis of PG, and sought care in the Commonwealth. Healthcare cost components included outpatient, inpatient, emergency room visits, and prescription drugs. Bootstrap analysis was performed to account for skewed distribution of cost data. All costs were adjusted to constant dollars.

Results:
The study sample included 599 patients over the study period. The most prevalent principal diagnoses were disorders of impulse control (50%), episodic mood disorders (31%), anxiety disorders (14%), and psychoactive substance (9%). The mean annual total expenditures on health care per patient with diagnosis of pathological gambling were $7993 ± $11,847 (bias-corrected 95% confidence interval) in 2009, $10,054 ± $14,555 in 2010, $9093 ± $13,422 in 2011, and $9523 ± $14,505 in 2012. Pharmaceutical expenditures represented 16% to 22% of total healthcare expenditures. In the study period, prescription drug co-pays represented approximately 16% of the pharmaceutical expenditures.

Conclusions:
Psychiatric comorbidity and substance use disorders, and nondependent abuse of drugs are highly prevalent among pathological gamblers. These disorders pose an economic burden to patients and healthcare payers.
Crystalloid versus Colloid for Intraoperative Goal-directed Fluid Therapy Using a Closed-loop System
Authors: Joosten Alexandre , Delaporte Amelie , Ickx Brigitte , Touihri Karim , Stany Ida , Barvais Luc , Van Obbergh Luc , Loi Patricia , Rinehart Joseph , Cannesson Maxime , Van der Linden Philippe 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
The type of fluid and volume regimen given intraoperatively both can impact patient outcome after major surgery. This two-arm, parallel, randomized controlled, double-blind, bi-center superiority study tested the hypothesis that when using closed-loop assisted goal-directed fluid therapy, balanced colloids are associated with fewer postoperative complications compared to balanced crystalloids in patients having major elective abdominal surgery.

Methods
One hundred and sixty patients were enrolled in the protocol. All patients had maintenance-balanced crystalloid administration of 3 ml · kg–1 · h–1. A closed-loop system delivered additional 100-ml fluid boluses (patients were randomized to receive either a balanced-crystalloid or colloid solution) according to a predefined goal-directed strategy, using a stroke volume and stroke volume variation monitor. All patients were included in the analysis. The primary outcome was the Post-Operative Morbidity Survey score, a nine-domain scale, at day 2 postsurgery. Secondary outcomes included all postoperative complications.

Results
Patients randomized in the colloid group had a lower Post-Operative Morbidity Survey score (median [interquartile range] of 2 [1 to 3] vs. 3 [1 to 4], difference –1 [95% CI, –1 to 0]; P < 0.001) and a lower incidence of postoperative complications. Total volume of fluid administered intraoperatively and net fluid balance were significantly lower in the colloid group.

Conclusions
Under our study conditions, a colloid-based goal-directed fluid therapy was associated with fewer postoperative complications than a crystalloid one. This beneficial effect may be related to a lower intraoperative fluid balance when a balanced colloid was used. However, given the study design, the mechanism for the difference cannot be determined with certainty.
Provisional Plating of Subtrochanteric Femur Fractures Before Intramedullary Nailing in the Lateral Decubitus Position
Authors: Robertson Ryan , Tucker Michael , Jones Thomas 
Published: October 2017

Summary:Subtrochanteric femur fractures remain a challenge for surgeons to obtain and maintain adequate reduction and stable fixation. For this reason, multiple techniques have been described, but we are unaware of a detailed contemporary description of the combination of provisional plating before intramedullary fixation in the lateral decubitus position. We present our technique as it was used from 2011 to 2015 to treat 22 fractures and how it compared clinically to the other 48 subtrochanteric femur fractures treated during that period. The clinical and radiographic outcomes for all fractures were evaluated. The operative time was shorter when no open reduction was used but open cases showed no significant difference when using a provisional plate. Those patients treated with provisional plating were shown to have higher blood loss values and longer operative times, but when looking at the outcomes, the rate of malunion, which was defined as >5 degrees of angulation on postoperative radiographs, was significantly lower at 0% in the provision plating in the lateral decubitus position subset compared with the remaining subtrochanteric fractures, 27.7% (P= 0.013). As the quality of reduction and stability of fixation are the most significant factors in determining outcomes of subtrochanteric femur fractures, this study shows that this technique is a valuable tool in an orthopaedist's armamentarium and present it as such.
Publication of Podium Presentations at the Orthopaedic Trauma Association Annual Meetings: 2008–2012
Authors: Williams Benjamin R. , MacCormick Lauren M. , McCreary Dylan L. , Dugarte Anthony J. , Cunningham Brian P. 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To determine journal publication rates of podium presentations from the OTA Annual Meetings between 2008 and 2012.

Methods:
Podium presentations from the 2008 to 2012 OTA annual meeting were compiled from the Annual Meeting archives. During December 2016, and Google Scholar were performed using individual keywords in the abstract title and content. The results were reviewed for matches to the meeting abstracts with regard to the title, authors, and abstract content. Yearly publication rates were calculated, along with time to publication and common journals for publication.

Results:
The publication rate for the 357 podium abstracts presented at the OTA between 2008 and 2012 was 72.8%. Eighty-one percent of abstracts were from the US institutions. The mean time to publication from podium presentation was 23.4 months, and the most common journals of publication were Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma (45.4%) and The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery (15.3%).

Conclusions:
The publication rate of the podium presentations at the OTA Annual Meeting from 2008 to 2012 has increased since previous years. Compared with other orthopaedic subspecialty and nonorthopaedic specialty meetings, the OTA publication rate is among the highest in the medical field. OTA annual meetings are an opportunity for early access to high-quality research in the area of orthopaedic trauma.
Cadaveric Biomechanical Analysis of 3 Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstructions
Authors: Chauhan Aakash , Baratz Mark E. , Schimoler Patrick , Ruch David , Miller Mark C. 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To biomechanically assess the angular stability provided by 3 techniques for reconstruction of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament.

Methods:
Eight cadaveric elbows were tested with the lateral collateral ligament complex intact, disrupted from the origin at the lateral epicondyle, and reconstructed with 3 different techniques using ulnar bone tunnels: a suture “lasso” or palmaris longus tendon “lasso” both docked with a metal button at the origin, and a doubled-over palmaris longus tendon docked with metal buttons at both the origin and ulnar insertion. Elbows were tested with a physiologic elbow simulator, and varus angular position was quantified with an optical tracking system. Statistical analysis was performed using a repeated measures analysis of variance test to determine whether significance existed, and a Tukey post hoc analysis to compare statistical difference between native, disrupted, and repair states.

Results:
There was a statistically significant difference between all repairs and the disrupted state (P < 0.05). The varus angulation after the repairs showed that the suture reconstruction was closest to the native case. The tendon reconstructions were similar to each other but less similar to the native elbow. Quantitatively, the suture reconstruction was within an average of 0.86 degrees of the native elbow throughout range of motion.

Conclusions:
A suture reconstruction was most similar to a native elbow, but both tendon reconstructions significantly improved angular stability under varus gravitational loads.
Long-Term Sustainability of Functional Improvement Following Central Corpectomy for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy and Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Authors: Sarkar Sauradeep , Rajshekhar Vedantam 
Published: October 2017

Study Design.
Retrospective study.

Objective.
To examine predictors of long-term outcome and sustainability of initial functional improvement in patients undergoing corpectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).

Summary of Background Data.
There are limited data on the predictors of outcome and sustainability of initial functional improvement on long-term follow-up after cervical corpectomy.

Methods.
We studied the functional outcome at more than 1-year follow-up after central corpectomy in 352 patients with CSM or OPLL. Functional status was evaluated with the Nurick grading system. Analysis was directed at identifying factors associated with both improvement in functional status and the achievement of a “cure” (improvement to a follow-up Nurick grade of 0 or 1). A survival analysis was performed to identify factors associated with sustained functional improvement in patients with serial follow-up evaluations.

Results.
Nurick grade improved from 3.2 ± 0.1 to 1.9 ± 0.1 over a mean follow-up period of 57.1 months (range 12–228 mo). On multivariate analysis, age ≥50 years (P = 0.008) and symptom duration ≥1 year (P < 0.001) were negatively associated with functional improvement by ≥1 Nurick grade. Independent factors negatively associated with “cure” after surgery included age 50 years or older (P = 0.005), preoperative Nurick grade of 4 or higher (P < 0.001) and symptom duration of 1 or more years (P < 0.001). Early improvement in functional status was maintained in 90.5% and 76.3% of patients at 5 and 10 years follow-up, respectively. On survival analysis, patients with shorter preoperative symptom duration (<1 yr) were more likely to demonstrate sustained improvement in functional status after surgery (P = 0.022).

Conclusion.
Initial gains in functional status after central corpectomy for CSM and OPLL are maintained in more than 75% of patients at 10 years after surgery. Overall, the most favorable long-term outcomes are achieved in younger patients who present early and with good preoperative functional status.

Level of Evidence: 4
Quantitative Magnetization Transfer MRI Measurements of the Anterior Spinal Cord Region are Associated With Clinical Outcomes in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Cloney Michael Brendan , Smith Zachary A. , Weber Kenneth A. , Parrish Todd B. 
Published: October 2017

Study Design.
A case-control study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to understand the role of magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in identifying patients with clinically significant myelopathy and disability.

Summary of Background Data.
MTR is a quantitative measure that correlates with myelin loss and neural tissue destruction in a variety of neurological diseases. However, the usefulness of MTR in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) has not been examined.

Methods.
We prospectively enrolled seven CSM patients and seven age-matched controls to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine. Nurick, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) scores were collected for all patients. Clinical hyperreflexia was tested at the MCP joint, using a six-axis load cell. Reflex was simulated by quickly moving the joint from maximum flexion to maximum extension (300°/second). Anterior, lateral, and posterior cord MTR measurements were compared with clinical outcomes.

Results.
Compared with controls, CSM patients had lower anterior cord MTR (38.29 vs. 29.97, Δ = −8.314, P = 0.0022), and equivalent posterior cord (P = 0.2896) and lateral cord (P = 0.3062) MTR. Higher Nurick scores were associated with lower anterior cord MTR (P = 0.0205), but not lateral cord (P = 0.5446) or posterior cord MTR (P = 0.1222). Lower mJOA was associated with lower anterior cord MTR (P = 0.0090), but not lateral cord (P = 0.4864) or posterior cord MTR (P = 0.4819). There was no association between NDI and MTR of the anterior (P = 0.4351), lateral (P = 0.7557), or posterior cord (P = 0.9171). There was a linear relationship between hyperreflexia and anterior cord MTR (slope = -117.3, R = 0.6598, P = 0.0379), but not lateral cord (P = 0.1906, R = 0.4511) or posterior cord (P = 0.2577, R = 0.3957) MTR.

Conclusion.
Anterior cord MTR correlates with clinical outcomes as measured by mJOA index, Nurick score, and quantitative hyperreflexia, and could play a role in the preoperative assessment of CSM.

Level of Evidence: 2