bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teachers’ use of ICTs in public language education: Evidence from second language Secondary-School classrooms
Authors: Izquierdo Jesús , de-la-Cruz-Villegas Verónica , Aquino-Zúñiga Silvia-Patricia , Sandoval-Caraveo María-del-Carmen , García-Martínez Verónica 
Published: November 2016

Worldwide, curricular changes and financial investments are currently underway to promote the integration of technology in public education and English language learning at a young age. This study examines the ICTs that have become part of the daily instructional practices and educational settings of teachers of English who work with young learners in public schools. To this end, this mixed-methods study draws on a quantitative descriptive-exploratory design and a qualitative multiple-case study. The quantitative data were collected through a Likert questionnaire administered to 28 secondary school teachers of English across 17 municipalities in five regions of Southeast Mexico and 2,944 learners. The qualitative data were gathered from a subsample of six teachers through longitudinal classroom observations, teacher and administrator interviews, and school visits. The non-parametric analyses of the quantitative data and the categorical aggregation analyses of the qualitative data reveal that the use of some multimedia and mobile-assisted communication resources is emerging in the L2 public classrooms. In line with findings from other international contexts, variables that seem particular to public education for young learners and their school setting, however, led teachers to prefer using their own technological devices that included laptops, multimedia material, and cellphones, rather than those in the schools.La educación pública en diversos países está experimentando una serie de reformas que favorecen la integración de la tecnología en la educación pública y el aprendizaje del inglés a una temprana edad. El presente estudio mixto, examinó el empleo de la tecnología en las prácticas pedagógicas cotidianas de los profesores de inglés en la educación secundaria pública y los recursos tecnológicos de los que disponen normalmente en sus escuelas. Para la fase cuantitativa se empleó un diseño descriptivo-exploratorio, a través de un cuestionario tipo Likert aplicado a 28 profesores y 2.944 alumnos en 17 municipios del sureste mexicano. Para la cualitativa, se empleó un estudio de múltiples casos con un sub-grupo de seis profesores del cual se recolectó información a través de observaciones de clases, entrevistas con docentes y directivos, y visitas a las instalaciones de las escuelas. El empleo de análisis no-paramétrico con los datos cuantitativos y de agregación categórica con los datos cualitativos permitió identificar algunos recursos multimedia y de comunicación móvil que los profesores tienden a emplear de manera cotidiana en el aula. No obstante, diversos factores relacionados con aspectos propios de la educación pública y el contexto escolar influyeron para que los profesores prefirieran sus propios medios tecnológicos tales como ordenadores portátiles, teléfonos inteligentes y materiales multimedia a los disponibles en su institución.
Spatiotemporal variability and contribution of different aerosol types to the aerosol optical depth over the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Georgoulias Aristeidis K. , Alexandri Georgia , Kourtidis Konstantinos A. , Lelieveld Jos , Zanis Prodromos , Pöschl Ulrich , Levy Robert , Amiridis Vassilis , Marinou Eleni , Tsikerdekis Athanasios 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. This study characterizes the spatiotemporal variability and relative contribution of different types of aerosols to the aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the Eastern Mediterranean as derived from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Terra (March 2000–December 2012) and Aqua (July 2002–December 2012) satellite instruments. For this purpose, a 0.1° × 0.1° gridded MODIS dataset was compiled and validated against sun photometric observations from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET). The high spatial resolution and long temporal coverage of the dataset allows for the determination of local hot spots like megacities, medium-sized cities, industrial zones and power plant complexes, seasonal variabilities and decadal averages. The average AOD at 550 nm (AOD550) for the entire region is ∼ 0.22 ± 0.19, with maximum values in summer and seasonal variabilities that can be attributed to precipitation, photochemical production of secondary organic aerosols, transport of pollution and smoke from biomass burning in central and eastern Europe and transport of dust from the Sahara and the Middle East. The MODIS data were analyzed together with data from other satellite sensors, reanalysis projects and a chemistry–aerosol-transport model using an optimized algorithm tailored for the region and capable of estimating the contribution of different aerosol types to the total AOD550. The spatial and temporal variability of anthropogenic, dust and fine-mode natural aerosols over land and anthropogenic, dust and marine aerosols over the sea is examined. The relative contribution of the different aerosol types to the total AOD550 exhibits a low/high seasonal variability over land/sea areas, respectively. Overall, anthropogenic aerosols, dust and fine-mode natural aerosols account for ∼ 51, ∼ 34 and ∼ 15 % of the total AOD550 over land, while, anthropogenic aerosols, dust and marine aerosols account ∼ 40, ∼ 34 and ∼ 26 % of the total AOD550 over the sea, based on MODIS Terra and Aqua observations.
nonlinMIP contribution to CMIP6: model intercomparison project for non-linear mechanisms: physical basis, experimental design and analysis principles (v1.0)
Authors: Good Peter , Andrews Timothy , Chadwick Robin , Dufresne Jean-Louis , Gregory Jonathan M. , Lowe Jason A. , Schaller Nathalie , Shiogama Hideo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. nonlinMIP provides experiments that account for state-dependent regional and global climate responses. The experiments have two main applications: (1) to focus understanding of responses to CO2 forcing on states relevant to specific policy or scientific questions (e.g. change under low-forcing scenarios, the benefits of mitigation, or from past cold climates to the present day), or (2) to understand the state dependence (non-linearity) of climate change – i.e. why doubling the forcing may not double the response. State dependence (non-linearity) of responses can be large at regional scales, with important implications for understanding mechanisms and for general circulation model (GCM) emulation techniques (e.g. energy balance models and pattern-scaling methods). However, these processes are hard to explore using traditional experiments, which explains why they have had so little attention in previous studies. Some single model studies have established novel analysis principles and some physical mechanisms. There is now a need to explore robustness and uncertainty in such mechanisms across a range of models (point 2 above), and, more broadly, to focus work on understanding the response to CO2 on climate states relevant to specific policy/science questions (point 1). nonlinMIP addresses this using a simple, small set of CO2-forced experiments that are able to separate linear and non-linear mechanisms cleanly, with a good signal-to-noise ratio – while being demonstrably traceable to realistic transient scenarios. The design builds on the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) and CMIP6 DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima) protocols, and is centred around a suite of instantaneous atmospheric CO2 change experiments, with a ramp-up–ramp-down experiment to test traceability to gradual forcing scenarios. In all cases the models are intended to be used with CO2 concentrations rather than CO2 emissions as the input. The understanding gained will help interpret the spread in policy-relevant scenario projections. Here we outline the basic physical principles behind nonlinMIP, and the method of establishing traceability from abruptCO2 to gradual forcing experiments, before detailing the experimental design, and finally some analysis principles. The test of traceability from abruptCO2 to transient experiments is recommended as a standard analysis within the CMIP5 and CMIP6 DECK protocols.
Humor e política na desconstrução dos super-heróis na América Latina durante a Guerra Fria: o olhar dos quadrinhos
Authors: Gomes Ivan Lima 
Published: November 2016

Mídia associada ao cotidiano e entretenimento juvenil, as histórias em quadrinhos (HQs) alcançaram plena consolidação na América Latina durante os anos após a 2ª Guerra Mundial. Quando da Guerra Fria e da forte penetração cultural dos Estados Unidos (EUA) na região, as HQs já se encontravam presentes em jornais, nos quais, por vezes, eram publicadas em suplementos específicos, além de serem editadas no formato revista por editoras especializadas. Em meio aos debates sobre as vantagens e desvantagens das HQs para a vida que já mobilizavam aqueles envolvidos no mundo das HQs, a questão do imperialismo cultural também motivou críticos e a produção local a buscar redefinir os sentidos desta mídia na América Latina. Uma das etapas passou pela efetiva defesa de uma “substituição de importações” da produção estrangeira, focando na criação local de quadrinhos que representassem a realidade nacional. Para tanto, era necessário desconstruir algumas das referências dos comics, de forma a colocá-los em xeque perante sua comunidade de leitores. O presente artigo analisa tal processo a partir de dois estudos de caso: a cooperativa brasileira CETPA (Cooperativa Editora de Trabalhos de Porto Alegre) e a editora chilena Quimantú. Em ambas, o foco recaiu principalmente sobre os super-heróis, mesclando paródia e crítica política ao problematizar a atuação do super-herói na América Latina. A partir das situações em análise, o artigo procura destacar tal etapa para o estabelecimento dos quadrinhos enquanto prática cultural na região. Palavras-chave: História em Quadrinhos; Super-heróis; América Latina – História.
O humor contra Vargas: desenhos comunistas do período da campanha eleitoral ao suicídio (1950-1954)
Authors: Tavares Rodrigo Rodriguez 
Published: November 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as charges e caricaturas sobre Getúlio Vargas publicadas pela imprensa comunista no período compreendido entre a campanha eleitoral de Vargas e seu suicídio (1950-1954), incluindo a reação dos comunistas a esse ato dramático. As imagens da imprensa partidária são usualmente relegadas a segundo plano pela historiografia, mas também expressam a ideologia do Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB) e sua leitura da realidade política nacional. Nesse sentido, os personagens presentes nos desenhos e sua caracterização são fontes importantes para a compreensão da leitura comunista de Getúlio Vargas e o contexto daquela época. Palavras-chave: Vargas, Getúlio, 1883-1954; Partido Comunista Brasileiro; Caricatura; Imprensa – Brasil.
El humorismo como uno de los mecanismos unificadores para el pueblo en la época del socialismo real en Polonia
Authors: Wilk-Racieska Joanna 
Published: November 2016

Se define el humorismo como un modo de presentar, enjuiciar o comentar la realidad, resaltando el lado cómico o ridículo de las cosas en diferentes situaciones y con distintos objetivos. Al pueblo polaco, el humor siempre le ha servido como una herramienta más para enfrentar la realidad en momentos difíciles de su historia. En el presente estudio trabajamos con la hipótesis de que en la época del llamado socialismo real en Polonia el pueblo polaco utilizaba el humorismo como una de las formas más importantes de resistencia al sistema, así como para mantener la autoestima y el sentido común ante unos tiempos verdaderamente absurdos. Partiendo de que el socialismo es una ideología que aboga por la igualdad de derechos, oportunidades y felicidad y de que el socialismo real, por su parte, los niega en su totalidad a los ciudadanos, organizaremos nuestro estudio sirviéndonos de la Pirámide de Necesidades de Maslow. Palabras clave: Humor; Dictadura; Socialismo Real; Pirámide de Necesidades; Polonia.
Raul Pederneiras viajante: as transformações da década de 1920 através do livro <i>Nós pelas costas: notas soltas de um caderno de viagem</i>
Authors: Ribeiro Pedro Krause 
Published: November 2016

Este artigo analisa a obra de Raul Pederneiras, Nós pelas costas: notas soltas de um caderno de viagens, objetivando demonstrar como o seu autor, figura célebre do Rio de Janeiro no início do século XX, quase chegando aos cinquenta anos de idade e em meio à crise da belle époque carioca, ressignificou o seu Rio de Janeiro, através da sua viagem à Europa entre os anos de 1927 e 1928, utilizando para tal a ótica do humor. Partimos da hipótese de que Raul Pederneiras não foi somente fazer uma viagem como observador da sociedade e das cidades europeias, mas também foi procurar nas suas capitais, notadamente Paris e Roma, explicações para as transformações políticas e intelectuais da década de 1920, como as diversas alternativas de modernidade, a crise da política da Primeira República brasileira e a ascensão dos regimes autoritários na Europa. Nesse caso, consideramos que a viagem de Raul Pederneiras foi uma experiência política na urbe, apresentada ao público através de um exercício da escrita de si. Palavras-chave: Rio de Janeiro – História; PEDERNEIRAS, Raul Paranhos - 1874-1953 – Autobiografia; Humor, Narrativas.
Coletâneas de charges da imprensa sindical: fontes visuais para uma história a contrapelo
Authors: Miani Rozinaldo Antonio 
Published: November 2016

A história do Brasil pode ser apresentada ou interpretada com o auxílio de diversas fontes históricas. Dentre essas fontes, em geral, a produção comunicativa tem ganhado cada vez mais relevância na produção historiográfica. Nesse sentido, destacamos as charges no contexto da imprensa sindical brasileira, que, em nossos estudos, ocupam posição central como produto comunicativo e fonte histórica. Desde o final da década de 1970, com o ressurgimento do movimento sindical sob a égide de um “novo sindicalismo”, a charge tem sido utilizada como importante estratégia comunicativa reveladora dos mais amplos e notórios processos políticos. A compilação de conjuntos de charges em coletâneas tem contribuído para oferecer um rico material de pesquisa, promovendo a disponibilização de fontes históricas alternativas para a produção historiográfica. Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar e analisar as coletâneas de charges produzidas no contexto da imprensa sindical, caracterizando-as como fontes históricas para a produção de uma análise da história a contrapelo. Palavras-chave: Charge; Imprensa Sindical; Fonte Histórica; Fonte Visual; Estratégia Comunicativa.
Humor e liberdades: um breve ensaio sobre ser Charlie
Authors: Liebel Vinícius 
Published: November 2016

A violência perpetrada por alguns grupos fundamentalistas islâmicos nos últimos anos, em especial o assassinato dos chargistas franceses do Charlie Hebdo, no início de 2015, trazem à tona questionamentos nas sociedades ocidentais acerca da natureza de seu sistema econômico, de sua inserção global, da democracia e, particularmente, das liberdades. Este artigo toma algumas das charges de Maomé publicadas no jornal dinamarquês Jyllands-Posten, em 2005, e no jornal francês Charlie Hebdo, em 2012, e explora seu humor, sua violência e as reações que suscitaram. As breves reflexões resultantes da análise desses casos nos levam a uma discussão acerca da tradição “ocidental” da sátira, sobre a liberdade religiosa e a liberdade de expressão, além da própria ideia de democracia. São observadas teorias de autores clássicos, como Montesquieu e Stuart Mill, além de autores contemporâneos que pensaram as liberdades democráticas, como John Rawls e Pierre Rosanvallon, situando esse pertinente debate da contemporaneidade na longa duração. Este breve ensaio promove o debate acerca dos limites do humor, em especial em sua relação com religiões e com a política na contemporaneidade. Palavras-chave: Humor; Liberdade; Democracia; Caricaturas e Desenhos Humorísticos, Maomé.
Study of spatial profiles of capacitively coupled VHF H2 plasma by simulation
Authors: Chen Kuan-Chen , Chiu Kuo-Feng , Ogiwara Kohei , Su Li-Wen , Uchino Kiichiro , Kawai Yoshinobu 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The spatial profiles of a VHF H2 plasma (60 MHz) for different discharge gap distances were examined at pressures of 66.7 and 133.3 Pa by two-dimensional simulations using the plasma hybrid code. The electron density had a peak profile, and the maximum density depended on both the discharge gap distance and the pressure. A high-electron-density plasma with a low-electron temperature of approximately 1 eV was predicted by simulation at discharge gap distances of 15 and 20 mm. The plasma potential profile was composed of a plateau at the center and sharp slopes at the two sides. The axial profiles of the H+, H2
+, and H3
+ densities were calculated for the discharge gap distances of 10, 15, and 20 mm. It was found that the dominant ion species was H3
+ except near the discharge electrode and the H2
+ density near the discharge electrode was not negligible compared with the H3
+ density at 66.7 Pa.
Modern deposition rates and patterns of organic carbon burial in Fiordland, New Zealand
Authors: Ramirez Michael T. , Allison Mead A. , Bianchi Thomas S. , Cui Xingqian , Savage Candida , Schüller Susanne E. , Smith Richard W. , Vetter Lael 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFjords are disproportionately important for global organic carbon (OC) burial relative to their spatial extent and may be important in sequestering atmospheric CO2, providing a negative climate feedback. Within fjords, multiple locally variable delivery mechanisms control mineral sediment deposition, which in turn modulates OC burial. Sediment and OC sources in Fiordland, New Zealand, include terrigenous input at fjord heads, sediment reworking over fjord‐mouth sills, and landslide events from steep fjord walls. Box cores were analyzed for sedimentary texture, sediment accumulation rate, and OC content to evaluate the relative importance of each delivery mechanism. Sediment accumulation was up to 3.4 mm/yr in proximal and distal fjord areas, with lower rates in medial reaches. X‐radiograph and 210Pb stratigraphy indicate mass wasting and surface‐sediment bioturbation throughout the fjords. Sediment accumulation rates are inversely correlated with %OC. Spatial heterogeneity in sediment depositional processes and rates is important when evaluating OC burial within fjords.
Properties of hot electrons in the Jovian inner magnetosphere deduced from extended observations of the Io Plasma Torus
Authors: Yoshikawa Ichiro , Yoshioka Kazuo , Murakami Go , Suzuki Fumiharu , Hikida Reina , Yamazaki Atsushi , Kimura Tomoki , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Kagitani Masato , Sakanoi Takeshi , Uemizu Kazunori , Tao Chihiro , Nozawa Hiromasa , Kasaba Yasumasa , Fujimoto Masaki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOne of the focal points of interest in Jovian magnetospheric physics is the transport of energy and particles into the inner region. While an explosive energy release event in the midmagnetosphere is manifested as an aurora transient, its connection to the inner part has not been investigated due to sparsity of observations. Here we take the advantage of long‐term and quasi‐continuous simultaneous monitoring of the polar aurora and the Io Plasma Torus (IPT) located in the inner magnetosphere by Extreme Ultraviolet Spectroscope for Exospheric Dynamics/Hisaki. Studies on temporal characteristics over hours enable us to see slow (~10 h) coupling between the middle and inner magnetosphere as well as to quantify the temperature of hot electrons in the IPT. We derive parameters that characterize the strong particle acceleration process.
Can plant–natural enemy communication withstand disruption by biotic and abiotic factors?
Authors: Clavijo McCormick Andrea 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

The attraction of natural enemies towards herbivore‐induced plant volatiles is a well‐documented phenomenon. However, the majority of published studies are carried under optimal water and nutrient regimes and with just one herbivore. But what happens when additional levels of ecological complexity are added? Does the presence of a second herbivore, microorganisms, and abiotic stress interfere with plant–natural enemy communication? or is communication stable enough to withstand disruption by additional biotic and abiotic factors?

Investigating the effects of these additional levels of ecological complexity is key to understanding the stability of tritrophic interactions in natural ecosystems and may aid to forecast the impact of environmental disturbances on these, especially in climate change scenarios, which are often associated with modifications in plant and arthropod species distribution and increased levels of abiotic stress.

This review explores the literature on natural enemy attraction to herbivore‐induced volatiles when, besides herbivory, plants are challenged by additional biotic and abiotic factors.

The aim of this review was to establish the impact of different biotic and abiotic factors on plant–natural enemy communication and to highlight critical aspects to guide future research efforts.
Strategies trees use to overcome seasonal water limitation in an agroforestry system in semiarid West Africa
Authors: Bargués Tobella A. , Hasselquist N.J. , Bazié H.R. , Nyberg G. , Laudon H. , Bayala J. , Ilstedt U. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAgroforestry parklands, in which annual crops are grown under scattered mature trees, constitute the most prevalent farming system in semiarid West Africa, covering vast areas of land. The most dominant tree species in these systems is Vitellaria paradoxa, an indigenous tree to West Africa. Despite the importance of this tree in the region, no study to our knowledge has examined its sources and patterns of water uptake. In this study, we used oxygen stable isotopes at natural abundance levels to investigate water sources used by V. paradoxa both in the dry and wet season in an agroforestry parkland in Burkina Faso. We found that during the wet season soil moisture was highest near the soil surface (<10 cm depth), yet during this time V. paradoxa preferentially accessed water from slightly deeper soil depths, obtaining ca. 90% of its water from 10 to 50 cm depth. In contrast, soil moisture in the upper soil layers was significantly lower during the dry season and as a result V. paradoxa shifted to deeper water sources, obtaining ca. 30% of its water from groundwater and ca. 50% from 30 to 600 cm depth. We also found a negative relationship between tree size and the contribution of groundwater during the dry season, whereas during the wet season V. paradoxa predominantly used water near the soil surface regardless of tree size. Knowledge about the sources and patterns of tree water uptake provides crucial information to better understand how trees influence the local water balance.