bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closed Suction Drainage after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Erne Felix , Wetzel Stefanie , Wülker Nikolaus , Gesicki Marco , Hofmann Ulf 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe discussion as to whether or not to use closed suction drainage (CSD) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still ongoing. A multitude of surgical techniques makes comparison between studies difficult. The aim of the present study was to investigate the benefit of CSD versus nondrainage following primary TKA when operating after exsanguination (by means of a rubber Esmarch bandage) with a tourniquet and without any form of hemostasis. A prospective randomized trial was performed with a homogeneous sample of 36 patients with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were evaluated preoperatively, on a daily basis during their hospital stay, and at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. The use of CSD led to a significantly stronger drop in hemoglobin levels by approximately 1 g/dL (p = 0.012). Knee circumference, wound secretion, wound healing, and postoperative range of motion did not show significant differences. All discharge criteria were met in both groups by day 9. Interestingly, patients without CSD reported higher pain levels during the entire postoperative inpatient stay and also at the 6-week follow-up (p = 0.012). These differences could not be observed in longer follow-up. The use of CSD after primary TKA in this study did not lead to indispensable advantages but did lead to increased postoperative blood loss. When evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the use of CSD after TKA from the data in the literature, special attention must be paid to the operating technique, as it has a strong impact on the results obtained.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome after Total Knee Arthroplasty is Rare and Misdiagnosis Potentially Hazardous—Prospective Study of the New Diagnostic Criteria in 100 Patients with No Cases Identified
Authors: Kosy Jonathan , Middleton Simon , Bradley Benjamin , Stroud Rowenna , Phillips Jonathan , Toms Andrew 
Published: January 2018

Previous studies suggest that complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) occurs in up to 21% of patients following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, this diagnosis has a substantial impact on the patient's management if it is incorrect. We aimed to identify cases, using updated internationally accepted criteria, while investigating potential causes of misdiagnosis.We prospectively studied a consecutive series of 100 primary TKA patients. Each patient was assessed 6-week post-TKA. Pain levels were recorded with the presence of symptoms and signs of CRPS (Budapest Diagnostic Criteria) assessed in those with excessive pain. An alternative diagnosis was sought, in these patients, including the presence of neuropathic pain.We found no cases of CRPS (no patients had symptoms or signs in greater than two of four subgroups). Seventeen patients had excessive pain levels (nine had an alternative diagnosis explaining this). The commonest signs were sensory and sudomotor, whereas motor/trophic changes were not seen. Using a previous definition (Orlando Criteria), eight patients may have been diagnosed with CRPS. Over half of the patients with unexplained excessive pain had evidence of neuropathic pain.CRPS is a rare diagnosis following TKA using modern criteria. Isolated signs and symptoms may lead to the overdiagnosis of CRPS in the presence of unexplained pain following TKA. New diagnostic criteria, with strict definitions and treatment algorithms, are now accepted. Delays in managing more common causes (such as neuropathic pain) may negatively affect the patient's outcome.
Serotype Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease at Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital in Rome: Is It Time for a New Vaccine?
Authors: Bozzola Elena , Krzysztofiak Andrzej , Pantosti Annausa , Lancella Laura , Bernaschi Paola , Marchili Maria , Villani Alberto , Nicolosi Luciana 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDiseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are mostly preventable infections by current immunization programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the introduction of the heptavalent and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7 and PCV13) on the burden of pneumococcal disease and on the serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae causing invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) in the pediatric age over a 5-year study (from January 2008 till December 2012). We observed a decrease in IPD rate in children after PCV13 introduction despite increases in nonvaccine serotype (NVS) rates in 2011. Nevertheless, from 2012, an increase in IPD rates due to non-PCV13 serotypes was observed.
Using Tissue Expanders as a Choice for the Treatment of Congenital Facial Nevus in the Young Child
Authors: Sánchez Galán Alba , Miguel Miriam , Nuñez Cerezo Vanesa , Noriega Rebolledo Bryant , Dore Mariela , Triana Junco Paloma , Barrena Saturnino , Diaz Mercedes , Lopez-Gutierrez Juan , Romo Muñoz Martha 
Published: January 2018

Objective One of the principal objectives in treatment of facial nevus is to minimize psychological damage and encourage the child's schooling by the best possible cosmetic result. There are several therapeutic techniques: grafts, flaps, dermal regenerator, and tissue expanders.
Materials and Methods We reviewed 10 patients with facial nevus higher than 10 cm treated in the past 8 years. Our treatment protocol includes serial expander implant to remove everything that does not involve the eyelid and nasal pyramid. Ten patients were included, between 8 and 36 months of age. A median of 4 (2–6) surgeries were conducted, and the number of implanted expanders was 1 to 3 in each session. There were only minor complications in two patients, infection that responded to antibiotic therapy and minimal dehiscence of incision forcing resuturing. The median follow-up was 1.6 (1.3–3.4) years.
Conclusion Tissue expansion has become in recent years the treatment of choice for facial nevus in children, obtaining the best aesthetic result because the defect is covered with similar characteristics in color, texture, and relief skin. It is essential that the reconstruction is done by specialized units and we recommend complete surgical excision before starting school.
Stationäre Palliativmedizin – Analyse der medizinischen Versorgung onkologischer und nichtonkologischer Patienten einer universitären Palliativstation
Authors: Geist Marcus , Keßler Jens , Bardenheuer Hubert 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Palliativstationen stellen die Akutversorgung von Palliativpatienten mit besonders komplexer Symptomatik sicher. Die Anzahl der Palliativstationen hat in den vergangenen Jahren in Deutschland deutlich zugenommen. Um der wachsenden Nachfrage an Palliativbetten für die Akutversorgung adäquat zu begegnen und optimale Bedingungen für eine klinische Palliativversorgung zu gewährleisten, ist die differenzierte Analyse der aktuellen Versorgungsstrukturen zwingend erforderlich. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, mit den Daten einer 10 Jahre bestehenden universitären Palliativstation Diagnosen, Mortalität, Verlegungsorte und Liegedauer der auf der Station behandelten Patienten zu untersuchen. Darüber hinaus sollte geprüft werden, ob sich onkologische von nichtonkologischen Patienten bezüglich ihres Alters und des Allgemeinzustands unterscheiden.
Methodik Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven epidemiologischen Untersuchung wurden Diagnosen, Mortalität, Verlegungsorte und Liegedauer der von 2007 bis 2016 auf der Station behandelten Patienten mittels deskriptiver Statistik ausgewertet. Darüber hinaus wurden Unterschiede onkologischer und nichtonkologischer Patienten in den Jahren 2015 und 2016 bezüglich ihres Alters sowie des Karnofsky- und Barthel-Index bei Klinikaufnahme betrachtet und mittels ungepaartem t-Test auf statistische Signifikanz geprüft.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt konnten 2360 Patienten untersucht werden. Davon waren 94 % Tumorpatienten und 6 % Nichttumorpatienten. Die Gesamtmortalität betrug 55 %, wobei nichtonkologische eine sehr viel höhere Sterberate als onkologische Patienten hatten (73 % vs. 54 %). Nichtonkologische Patienten waren um 11,9 Jahre älter und zeigten bei Aufnahme einen 13,2 % niedrigeren Karnofsky-Index sowie einen um 23,4 Punkte erniedrigten Barthel-Index. Von den entlassenen Patienten konnten 61 % im häuslichen Umfeld weiter versorgt werden, 23 % wurden in ein Hospiz verlegt. Die mittlere Liegedauer aller Patienten betrug 11 Tage.
Schlussfolgerungen Obwohl auf der untersuchten Palliativstation außerordentlich viele Tumorpatienten behandelt wurden, ist der in den letzten Jahren gestiegene Versorgungsbedarf von Nichttumorpatienten deutlich identifizierbar. Nichtonkologische Patienten benötigten eine merklich komplexere palliativmedizinische Versorgung, da diese im Vergleich zu Tumorpatienten erst in einem weitaus fortgeschritteneren Krankheitsstadium in die Palliativbetreuung integriert werden.
Bacteremia and Septic Arthritis due to a Nontoxigenic Strain of Clostridium difficile in a Patient With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Hill Emilie , Workman Adrienne D , Lee Francesca , Hollaway Rita , Cavuoti Dominick , Prokesch Bonnie C 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA 22-year-old female with sickle cell disease presented with fevers, bilateral knee pain, and lethargy. Laboratory data revealed a leukocytosis and lactic acidosis. Blood and synovial fluid cultures grew a non-toxin-producing strain of Clostridium difficile. This case highlights the fact that nontoxigenic Clostridium difficile can cause significant disease.
Acoustically Targeted Chemogenetics for Noninvasive Control of Neural Circuits
Authors: Szablowski Jerzy O. , Lue Brian , Lee-Gosselin Audrey , Malounda Dina , Shapiro Mikhail G. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTNeurological and psychiatric diseases often involve the dysfunction of specific neural circuits in particular regions of the brain. Existing treatments, including drugs and implantable brain stimulators, aim to modulate the activity of these circuits, but are typically not cell type-specific, lack spatial targeting or require invasive procedures. Here, we introduce an approach to modulating neural circuits noninvasively with spatial, cell-type and temporal specificity. This approach, called acoustically targeted chemogenetics, or ATAC, uses transient ultrasonic opening of the blood brain barrier to transduce neurons at specific locations in the brain with virally-encoded engineered G-protein-coupled receptors, which subsequently respond to systemically administered bio-inert compounds to activate or inhibit the activity of these neurons. We demonstrate this concept in mice by using ATAC to noninvasively modify and subsequently activate or inhibit excitatory neurons within the hippocampus, showing that this enables pharmacological control of memory formation. This technology allows a brief, noninvasive procedure to make one or more specific brain regions capable of being selectively modulated using orally bioavailable compounds, thereby overcoming some of the key limitations of conventional brain therapies.
Using insects to detect, monitor and predict the distribution ofXylella fastidiosa:a case study in Corsica
Authors: Cruaud Astrid , Gonzalez Anne-Alicia , Godefroid Martin , Nidelet Sabine , Streito Jean-Claude , Thuillier Jean-Marc , Rossi Jean-Pierre , Santoni Sylvain , Rasplus Jean-Yves 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe sampledca2500 specimens ofPhilaenus spumariusthroughout Corsica withouta priorion the presence of symptoms on plants. We screened 448 specimens for the presence ofXylella fastidiosa (Xf)using qPCR and a custom nested PCR. qPCR appeared versatile and under-estimated the prevalence ofXf. Nested PCR showed thatXfwas present in all populations. Molecular results were validated by prediction on the distribution ofXfmade from tests conducted on plants, which shows the pertinence of using vectors in risk assessment studies.Xfwas detected in tenerals and adults. Thus,P. spumariuscould acquireXffrom its host plant, mostlyCistus monspeliensisin Corsica, which may act as reservoir for the next season. This contrasts with other observations and suggests that management strategies may have to be adapted on a case-by-case basis. At least two genetic entities and several variants ofXfnot yet identified on plants were present in the insects, which suggests ancient introductions ofXfand a probable underestimation of the current diversity of the strains present in Corsica. Interestingly 6% of the specimens carried two subspecies. Studies are wanted to better characterize the strains present in Corsica and know how the disease was introduced, spread and why no sign of a potential epidemic was detected earlier. This study shows that, when sensitive enough methods are implemented, insects can be used to predict and better assess the exact distribution ofXf. Insects are indeed easy to collect,Xfmultiply only in their foregut and does not become circulative, which facilitates its detection.Key messageInsect vectors can be used to detect, monitor and predict the distribution ofXylella fastidiosaThe widely used qPCR approach is not sensitive enough to detect low bacterial loadDifferent strains/subspecies ofXfare widely distributed in Corsica which suggests old introduction(s)Strategies to manageXfmay need to be set up on a case-by-case basisThere is an urgent need to take stock of the situation in Europe to avoid unnecessary economic pressure on certain geographical areas and agricultural sectors.
The influence of cortical depth on neuronal responses in mouse visual cortex
Authors: O’Herron Philip , Woodward John , Kara Prakash 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWith the advent of two-photon imaging as a tool for systems neuroscience, the mouse has become a preeminent model system for studying sensory processing. One notable difference that has been found however, between mice and traditional model species like cats and primates is the responsiveness of the cortex. In the primary visual cortex of cats and primates, nearly all neurons respond to simple visual stimuli like drifting gratings. In contrast, imaging studies in mice consistently find that only around half of the neurons respond to such stimuli. Here we show that visual responsiveness is strongly dependent on the cortical depth of neurons. Moving from superficial layer 2 down to layer 4, the percentage of responsive neurons increases dramatically, ultimately reaching levels similar to what is seen in other species. Over this span of cortical depth, neuronal response amplitude also increases and orientation selectivity moderately decreases. These depth dependent response properties may be explained by the distribution of thalamic inputs in mouse V1. Unlike in cats and primates where thalamic projections to the granular layer are constrained to layer 4, in mice they spread up into layer 2/3, qualitatively matching the distribution of response properties we see. These results show that the analysis of neural response properties must take into consideration not only the overall cortical lamina boundaries but also the depth of recorded neurons within each cortical layer. Furthermore, the inability to drive the majority of neurons in superficial layer 2/3 of mouse V1 with grating stimuli indicates that there may be fundamental differences in the role of V1 between rodents and other mammals.
Segmentation of organic food buyers: an emergent market perspective
Authors: Peštek Almir , Agic Emir , Cinjarevic Merima 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to obtain empirical understanding of organic food buyers in the context of emergent organic food market (i.e. Bosnia and Herzegovina) by using a segmentation approach.Design/methodology/approachA self-administrated online survey was carried out among organic food buyers (n=202) using the snowball sampling technique. Measurement items were mainly adapted from the prior studies.FindingsThe authors analysed the heterogeneity of organic food buyers with latent class model. Four distinct latent classes (i.e. segments) of organic food buyers were identified. Those segments were named as enthusiastic social-seekers, enthusiastic moralists, hostile seldom shoppers, and hostile heavy shoppers.Originality/valueThough the study was exploratory, the identified segments of organic food buyers can enhance our knowledge about differing characteristics of organic food buyers in the context of the country where the organic food industry is in the early stages of development. The findings of this study will give organic food producers and marketers a much better framework for making product, pricing, distribution and marketing communications decision. Moreover, the identification of organic food consumer profiles will provide an insight into how policymakers should tailor their public policy and strategies to expand the size of the organic food market.
Attitude towards soft drinks and its consumption pattern: a study of Gen Y consumers of India
Authors: Kumar Niraj , Ray Subhajyoti 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the consumption patterns and attitudes towards soft drinks among Indian youth.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire was used to investigate consumption patterns, attitudes, and socio-demographic profiles of college-attending respondents between the ages of 18 and 30. Cluster analysis and factor analysis were undertaken to obtain a better understanding of the attitudes among young consumers towards soft drinks. A logistic regression model was used as a predictor to distinguish between frequent and non-frequent soft drink consumers.

Findings
Indian youths preferred diet drinks and fruit juices more than regular soft drinks. Soft drinks were mostly consumed as distinct drinks (not as substitutes) and on specific occasions. Easy availability of soft drinks at the locations closure to consumers was a critical factor in determining consumers’ purchase and consumption level. Attitude towards the utility and nutritional dimensions of soft drinks had a positive and significant influence on the frequency of consumption.

Practical implications
To remain competitive, soft drinks’ companies need to focus more on healthy products and those that are refreshing and relaxing.

Social implications
Regulating the availability of soft drinks in and around educational institutions will affect consumption of soft drinks and reduce diseases.

Originality/value
Only a few studies investigating consumption patterns and attitudes among Indian youth towards soft drinks. This study attempts to fill the gap.
Evolving food consumption patterns of rural and urban households in developing countries
Authors: Mottaleb Khondoker Abdul , Rahut Dil Bahadur , Kruseman Gideon , Erenstein Olaf 
Published: January 2018

PurposePopulation and income are growing rapidly in South Asia, spurring the demand for food in general, and the demand for higher-valued food items in particular. This poses particular food security challenges for densely populated and emerging countries, such as Bangladesh. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the increasing and changing cereal consumption pattern in developing countries using Bangladesh as a case.Design/methodology/approachUsing Bangladesh’s Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2000, 2005a, b data, and applying a two-stage quadratic almost ideal system estimation procedure, the present study separately estimates the expenditure elasticities for rural and urban households for five food items: rice, wheat and rice and wheat products, pulses, fish and vegetables. Second, using the estimated elasticities, projected population and the per capita GDP growth rates, this study projects the consumption of the sampled food items by 2030.FindingsThis study demonstrates that in 2030 both rural and urban households in Bangladesh will consume more wheat, pulses and fish, but the urban households will consume less rice compared to the current levels of consumption in 2015.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on developing countries that examines the evolving food items consumption separately by rural and urban households. Using Bangladesh as a case, this study warns that with rapid urbanization and income growth, developing countries need to supply more wheat, fish and pulses. The provision of the maximum usage of scarce resources, such as arable land, the development and dissemination of improved varieties and the best management practices must be ensured to boost domestic food production in developing countries to cater to the future evolving food consumption.
The relationship between ownership structure and firm financial performance
Authors: Alabdullah Tariq Tawfeeq Yousif 
Published: January 2018

PurposePrevious studies that dealt with corporate governance have witnessed gradually significant growth that created some new trends. The purpose of this paper is to be involved in such trends through examining the link between ownership structure as one of the important corporate governance mechanisms and firm performance in Jordan as one of emerging economies.Design/methodology/approachThe current study used the multiple regression method to analyze available data for non-financial firms listed in the Amman Stock Exchange for the fiscal year 2012.FindingsThe findings revealed that managerial ownership has a positive impact on performance. On the other hand, the findings surprisingly showed no evidence to support the impact of foreign ownership on performance. Moreover, there is a significant evidence to support the fact that company size has no impact on firm performance. The findings also revealed that industry type has no impact on firm performance.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of the current study demonstrated that good corporate governance is imperative to all organizations and must be encouraged for the interest of all stakeholders. Unlike the majority of the previous studies, the current study unexpectedly found that foreign ownership is not significantly contributing to the firm performance. Thus, Jordanian Government and other related/responsible parties should formulate policies for the foreign investors.Originality/valueInterestingly, from developed and developing countries perspective, the study is the first of its kind that exclusively chose the mechanisms of ownership structure in its relationship with firm performance represented by market share, where no previous study has tested foreign ownership in such relationship. In that, this study is the first study in emerging economies to investigate such a link. Such new insights on this relationship by current study provide helpful information that is of great value to the government, academics, policy makers, and other stakeholders.