bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Substituted Aryliden‐5‐methyl‐6(4H)‐pyridazines and Anellated Systems.
Authors: TAOUFIK J. , COUQUELET J. M. , COUQUELET J. D. , TRONCHE P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Pyridazinon‐alkohole (I) werden über die Arylidenverbindungen (II) oder direkt in die 5‐Chlor‐Derivate (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,3′‐(1,6‐Hexanediyl)bis‐pyrimidine Derivatives and 3,4‐Dithia‐ [6.6](1.3)pyrimidinophane.
Authors: KINOSHITA T. , ODAWARA S. , FUKUMURA K. , FURUKAWA S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas 1,3‐Dioxin (I) reagiert mit Hexamethylendii‐socyanat (II) zum Kondensationsprodukt (III), das mit Hydrazin zum Bis‐semicarbazid (IV) gespalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Structure of a Stable Molecule Containing a Silicon Nitrogen Double Bond and of Its Tetrahydrofuran Adduct.
Authors: WIBERG N. , SCHURZ K. , REBER G. , MUELLER G. + 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas Azido‐di‐tert.‐butyl‐chlorsilan (I) reagiert mit Fri‐tert.‐butylsilylnatrium (II) zum Silaketimin (III), das mit Tetrahydrofuran einen stabilen l:l‐Komplex bildet.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Azines via N‐(Diethoxyphosphinyl)‐ hydrazones.
Authors: KOZIARA A. , TURSKI K. , ZWIERZAK A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhosphorsäurediethylesterhydrazid (I) wird mit den Carbonylverbindungen (II) in die Hydrazone (III) übergeführt, die sich basisch mit Aldehyden (IV) zu unsymmetrischen Azinen (V) umsetzen lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: Organophosphorus Compounds. Part 53. The Reaction of Quinones with 1,3,2,4‐Dithiadiphosphetane‐2,4‐disulfides.
Authors: YOUSIF N. M. , SHABANA R. , LAWESSON S.‐O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 1,4‐benzoquinones (I) react with dithiadiphosphetane disulfides (II) to give the corresponding benzoxathiaphosphol‐5‐01‐ 2‐sulfide derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Trivalent Nickel Bis(triaza macrocyclic) Complexes. Ligand Ring Size and Medium Effects on the Nickel(III)/Nickel(II) Redox Couple Potential.
Authors: BUTTAFAVA A. , FABBRIZZI L. , PEROTTI A. , POGGI A. , POLI G. , SEGHI B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe formation of the Ni(III) title complexes (IV) with the ligands (IIId)‐(IIIf) (preparation to be seen in the scheme) h‐as been investigated in MeCN, DMSO, and water.
ChemInform Abstract: The Stereochemistry of Nitrone‐Diene Cycloadditions. Synthesis of the Alkaloids of Darlingia darlingiana.
Authors: TUFARIELLO J. J. , PUGLIS J. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas cyclische Nitron (I) reagiert mit dem Phenylbutadien (II) zu Gemischen aus den stereoisomeren Addukten (III) und (IV), wobei bei niedrigen Temperaturen (III) überwiegt.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (±)‐Ptilocaulin Starting from Tropolone.
Authors: UYEHARA T. , FURUTA T. , KABASAWA Y. , YAMADA J. , KATO T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDer Tropolonether (I) ergibt beider Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion mit Ethylen und anschließender Reduktion das bicyclische Keton (IIa), das zu (IIb) methyliert wird.
Design and Development of a General‐Purpose Transmit/Receive (T/R) Switch for 3T MRI, Compatible for a Linear, Quadrature and Double‐Tuned RF Coil
Authors: Thapa Bijaya , Kaggie Joshua , Sapkota Nabraj , Frank Deborah , Jeong Eun‐Kee 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis work presents the design and development of a general‐purpose T/R switch for MR imaging and spectroscopy, compatible with single and double‐tuned RF coils using linear, quadrature, or both modes at a low cost and with minimum development time using simple electronic circuits. This T/R switch was demonstrated with a custom double‐tuned 1H/31P transmit receive surface RF coils built for 31P MRS of a lamb's heart with surgically created congenital heart defects. Two passive trap circuits tuned to 1H and 31P frequencies fed from a common drive point were built to filter two different frequency T/R switches. The T/R switch was built for a 1H linear RF coil and 31P quadrature RF coil. This T/R switch design is easily modifiable to linear, quadrature and double‐tuned RF coils of relatively wide range of frequencies, so as to enable imaging of proton and X‐nuclei at 3T field. The performance of the custom T/R switch was tested with bench measurements of its isolation, insertion loss and switching time, under pulsed conditions, and on a phantom with a 3T magnet by comparing the signal‐to‐noise ratio with a commercial T/R switch. A high isolation, low insertion loss and fast switching time in the range of nanoseconds were obtained on the bench. Identical isolation was observed under pulsed conditions. An improvement of about 29% gain in signal‐to‐noise ratio was obtained with this T/R switch compared to the commercial T/R switch.
Identification of yield drift deformations and evaluation of the degree of damage through the direct sensing of drift displacements
Authors: Xiang Ping , Nishitani Akira , Marutani Shohei , Kodera Kenzo , Hatada Tomohiko , Katamura Ryuta , Kanekawa Kiyoshi , Tanii Takashi 
Published: May 2016

SummaryInter‐story drift displacement data can provide useful information for story damage assessment. The authors' research group has developed photonic‐based sensors for the direct measurement of inter‐story drift displacements. This paper proposes a scheme for evaluating the degree of damage in a building structure based on drift displacement sensing. The scheme requires only measured inter‐story drift displacements without any additional finite element analysis. A method for estimating yield drift deformation is proposed, and then, the degree of beam end damage is evaluated based on the plastic deformation ratios derived with the yield drift deformation values estimated by the proposed method. The validity and effectiveness of the presented scheme are demonstrated via experimental data from a large‐scale shaking table test of a one‐third‐scale model of an 18‐story steel building structure conducted at E‐Defense. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dispersions for the pushover‐based risk assessment of reinforced concrete frames and cantilever walls
Authors: Kosič Mirko , Dolšek Matjaž , Fajfar Peter 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe paper presents the results of an investigation into the dispersion values, expressed in terms of limit‐state spectral accelerations, which could be used for the pushover‐based risk assessment of low‐height to mid‐height reinforced concrete frames and cantilever walls. The results of an extensive parametric study of a portfolio of test structures indicated that the dispersion values due to record‐to‐record variability and modelling uncertainty (βLS,RU) are within the range from 0.3 to 0.55 for the near collapse limit state, and between 0.35 and 0.60 for the collapse limit state. The dispersions βLS,RU proposed for the code‐conforming and the majority of old (non code‐conforming) frames are in between these values. On the other hand, the dispersions proposed for the old frames with a soft storey and an invariant plastic mechanism, and for the code‐conforming cantilever walls, are at the lower and upper bounds of the presented values, respectively. The structural parameters that influence these dispersions were identified, and the influence of different ground motion sets, and of the models used for the calculation of the rotation capacities of the columns, on the calculated fragility parameters was examined and quantified. The proposed dispersion values were employed in a practice‐oriented pushover‐based method for the estimation of failure probability for eight selected examples. The pushover‐based risk assessment method, although extremely simple and economical when compared with more rigorous probabilistic methods, was able to predict seismic risk with reasonable accuracy, thus showing it to be a practical tool for engineers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explorations into Chemical Reactions and Biochemical Pathways
Authors: Gasteiger Johann 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA brief overview of the work in the research group of the present author on extracting knowledge from chemical reaction data is presented. Methods have been developed to calculate physicochemical effects at the reaction site. It is shown that these physicochemical effects can quite favourably be used to derive equations for the calculation of data on gas phase reactions and on reactions in solution such as aqueous acidity of alcohols or carboxylic acids or the hydrolysis of amides. Furthermore, it is shown that these physicochemical effects are quite effective for assigning reactions into reaction classes that correspond to chemical knowledge. Biochemical reactions constitute a particularly interesting and challenging task for increasing our understanding of living species. The BioPath.Database is a rich source of information on biochemical reactions and has been used for a variety of applications of chemical, biological, or medicinal interests. Thus, it was shown that biochemical reactions can be assigned by the physicochemical effects into classes that correspond to the classification of enzymes by the EC numbers. Furthermore, 3D models of reaction intermediates can be used for searching for novel enzyme inhibitors. It was shown in a combined application of chemoinformatics and bioinformatics that essential pathways of diseases can be uncovered. Furthermore, a study showed that bacterial flavor‐forming pathways can be discovered.
Validation of a Nomogram to Predict the Risk of Perioperative Blood Transfusion for Liver Resection
Authors: Bagante Fabio , Spolverato Gaya , Ruzzenente Andrea , Wilson Ana , Gani Faiz , Conci Simone , Yahanda Alexander , Campagnaro Tommaso , Guglielmi Alfredo , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundNomograms may be important clinical tools to estimate the preoperative risk of transfusion and allow for preemptive arrangements for alternatives to allogeneic blood transfusions.MethodsA multicentric international cohort of 1345 patients who underwent hepatectomy for benign or malign liver diseases was used to validate a nomogram developed by the Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center.ResultsA total of 449 (33.3 %) patients received a blood transfusion after hepatectomy. Several variables were associated with the need of transfusion on univariate analysis: age, BMI, hemoglobin, PT‐INR, bilirubin, AST, ALT, GGT, albumin, primary liver cancer, and number of segments resected. The MSKCC nomogram, including the number of segments resected, diagnosis (primary vs. non‐primary), extrahepatic organ resection, as well as platelet and hemoglobin levels, had a good predictive ability (AUC = 0.69). The frequency of patients transfused ranged from 19 % for patients who were at “low risk” (<20 % risk to be transfused) up to 68 % for patients at “high risk” (>70 % risk to be transfused). The nomogram was tested in a multivariable model including other factors associated with risk of transfusion. The final model included age (OR 1.02, 95 % CI 1.01–1.03, p < 0.001), PT‐INR (OR 1.54, 95 % CI 1.01–2.36, p = 0.048), and bilirubin (OR 1.86, 95 % CI 1.09–3.18, p = 0.021). The prediction ability for the integrated prediction model was AUC = 0.73.ConclusionThe MSKCC nomogram was an effective clinical tool able to predict the perioperative risk of transfusion in our independent external validation. The inclusion of patient age, as well as factors associated with liver functional status (bilirubin and PT‐INR), improved the predictive ability of the MSKCC nomogram.
Up/down anisotropies of vertical saccades in healthy children depending on the mode and the depth of execution
Authors: Gaertner Chrystal , Wiener‐Vacher Sylvette , Kapoula Zoï 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhile the overall development of saccades in children has recently gained increasing interest, the precise characteristics of vertical saccades remain understudied. The few adult studies existing showed up/down anisotropies on various parameters. This study focuses on the development of vertical saccades and their interaction with vergence movements, according to the mode of initiation of the saccades (automatic and controlled). Eighty six children (9.57 ± 3.15 years) performed vertical saccades with an eccentricity of 7.5°, at 40 cm and at 150 cm viewing distance, in a gap paradigm – automatic saccades – and in an overlap paradigm – more voluntary or controlled saccades. Task and direction effects: latency was overall longer in the overlap than in the gap task, duration was longer for upward than downward saccades, conjugate vertical drift was larger after upward than downward saccades, horizontal vergence was higher during and after downward than upward saccades. Age effects: For upward saccades, amplitude, mean and peak velocity of upward saccades increased with age, while the vertical conjugate drift after downward saccades at far distance decreased with age; for downward saccades in the overlap task, the horizontal convergence increased with age concomitantly with an increase of the duration. The results are discussed in the context of hypothetical differential circuits of automatic and controlled saccades maturing progressively in children and interacting with direction (up/down). We suggest that the up/down asymmetries, more pronounced in the overlap task, are built progressively in mutual interaction with a perceptive peripheral bias, up being perceived as far and down as near.
A kinetic model for particle–surface interaction applied to rain falling on water waves
Authors: Veron Fabrice , Mieussens Luc 
Published: May 2016

We present a model for estimating the momentum flux from water drops falling onto a moving free surface. The theory is based on a kinetic approach whereby individual drops are modelled as point particles with mass and velocity, and are described collectively by a distribution function $f(t,\boldsymbol{x},\boldsymbol{v},r)$. We show that the resulting momentum flux can be readily incorporated into free-surface Navier–Stokes and Euler models. As an illustration of this approach we examine the interaction between rainfall and linear deep-water surface waves. This particular application is not fundamentally different from the study of Le Méhauté & Khangaonkar (J. Phys. Oceanogr., vol. 20 (12), 1990, pp. 1805–1812), but our methodology is more general and is novel in its use of a kinetic approach with an all-purpose drop distribution function. The applicability of the model to linear surface waves is found to be valid for surface-wave wavelengths ranging from approximately 3 to 250 m. We further show that rainfall modifies the usual wave dispersion relationship and induces wave amplification, or damping, depending on the rain rate, the rain impact angle and the wavelength of the surface wave. We solve for the amplification and damping rates analytically and show, among other results, that rain falling vertically will always damp the surface waves.
Merging of two or more plumes arranged around a circle
Authors: Rooney G. G. 
Published: May 2016

A model is presented of merging turbulent plumes from sources evenly spaced around a horizontal circle in a quiescent, unstratified background. This follows the previously developed method of (i) identifying the boundaries of interacting plumes with velocity-potential contours of line sinks and (ii) closing the generalised plume equations with an entrainment assumption based on the integrated flux across the plume boundaries. It includes the simplest case of two merging plumes, as well as being applicable to plume flows in restricted corner configurations. The model is shown to display the expected limiting behaviour for the source plumes and the merged plume. Consideration of the plume fluxes in the merging region leads to a revision of the entrainment assumption. The resulting revised model compares satisfactorily with previous estimates of volume flux in two merging plumes.
COMPUTABLE STRUCTURES IN GENERIC EXTENSIONS
Authors: KNIGHT JULIA , MONTALBÁN ANTONIO , SCHWEBER NOAH 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate connections between structures present in every generic extension of the universe V and computability theory. We introduce the notion of generic Muchnik reducibility that can be used to compare the complexity of uncountable structures; we establish basic properties of this reducibility, and study it in the context of generic presentability, the existence of a copy of the structure in every extension by a given forcing. We show that every forcing notion making ω2 countable generically presents some countable structure with no copy in the ground model; and that every structure generically presentable by a forcing notion that does not make ω2 countable has a copy in the ground model. We also show that any countable structure ${\cal A}$ that is generically presentable by a forcing notion not collapsing ω1 has a countable copy in V, as does any structure ${\cal B}$ generically Muchnik reducible to a structure ${\cal A}$ of cardinality ℵ1. The former positive result yields a new proof of Harrington’s result that counterexamples to Vaught’s conjecture have models of power ℵ1 with Scott rank arbitrarily high below ω2. Finally, we show that a rigid structure with copies in all generic extensions by a given forcing has a copy already in the ground model.
The equatorial current sheet and other interesting features of the pulsar magnetosphere
Authors: Contopoulos Ioannis 
Published: May 2016

We want to understand what drives magnetospheric dissipation in the equatorial current sheet. Numerical simulations have limitations and, unless we have a clear a priori understanding of the physical processes involved, their results can be misleading. We argue that the canonical pulsar magnetosphere is strongly dissipative and that a large fraction (up to 30–40 % in an aligned rotator) of the spindown luminosity is redirected towards the equator where it is dissipated into particle acceleration and emission of radiation. We show that this is due to the failure of the equatorial electric current to cross the Y-point at the tip of the corotating zone.
Mapping quantum state dynamics in spontaneous emission
Authors: Naghiloo M. , Foroozani N. , Tan D. , Jadbabaie A. , Murch K. W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe evolution of a quantum state undergoing radiative decay depends on how its emission is detected. If the emission is detected in the form of energy quanta, the evolution is characterized by a quantum jump to a lower energy state. In contrast, detection of the wave nature of the emitted radiation leads to different dynamics. Here, we investigate the diffusive dynamics of a superconducting artificial atom under continuous homodyne detection of its spontaneous emission. Using quantum state tomography, we characterize the correlation between the detected homodyne signal and the emitter’s state, and map out the conditional back-action of homodyne measurement. By tracking the diffusive quantum trajectories of the state as it decays, we characterize selective stochastic excitation induced by the choice of measurement basis. Our results demonstrate dramatic differences from the quantum jump evolution associated with photodetection and highlight how continuous field detection can be harnessed to control quantum evolution.
The EBI2 signalling pathway plays a role in cellular crosstalk between astrocytes and macrophages
Authors: Rutkowska Aleksandra , O’Sullivan Sinead A. , Christen Isabelle , Zhang Juan , Sailer Andreas W. , Dev Kumlesh K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEBI2 is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by oxysterol 7α, 25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α25HC) and regulates T cell-dependant antibody response and B cell migration. We recently found EBI2 is expressed in human astrocytes, regulates intracellular signalling and modulates astrocyte migration. Here, we report that LPS treatment of mouse astrocytes alters mRNA levels of EBI2 and oxysterols suggesting that the EBI2 signalling pathway is sensitive to LPS-mediated immune challenge. We also find that conditioned media obtained from LPS-stimulated mouse astrocytes induces macrophage migration, which is inhibited by the EBI2 antagonist NIBR189. These results demonstrate a role for the EBI2 signalling pathway in astrocytes as a sensor for immune challenge and for communication with innate immune cells such as macrophages.
Integrative analysis of extracellular and intracellular bladder cancer cell line proteome with transcriptome: improving coverage and validity of –omics findings
Authors: Latosinska Agnieszka , Makridakis Manousos , Frantzi Maria , Borràs Daniel M. , Janssen Bart , Mullen William , Zoidakis Jerome , Merseburger Axel S. , Jankowski Vera , Mischak Harald , Vlahou Antonia 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCharacterization of disease-associated proteins improves our understanding of disease pathophysiology. Obtaining a comprehensive coverage of the proteome is challenging, mainly due to limited statistical power and an inability to verify hundreds of putative biomarkers. In an effort to address these issues, we investigated the value of parallel analysis of compartment-specific proteomes with an assessment of findings by cross-strategy and cross-omics (proteomics-transcriptomics) agreement. The validity of the individual datasets and of a “verified” dataset based on cross-strategy/omics agreement was defined following their comparison with published literature. The proteomic analysis of the cell extract, Endoplasmic Reticulum/Golgi apparatus and conditioned medium of T24 vs. its metastatic subclone T24M bladder cancer cells allowed the identification of 253, 217 and 256 significant changes, respectively. Integration of these findings with transcriptomics resulted in 253 “verified” proteins based on the agreement of at least 2 strategies. This approach revealed findings of higher validity, as supported by a higher level of agreement in the literature data than those of individual datasets. As an example, the coverage and shortlisting of targets in the IL-8 signalling pathway are discussed. Collectively, an integrative analysis appears a safer way to evaluate -omics datasets and ultimately generate models from valid observations.
Levetiracetam mitigates doxorubicin-induced DNA and synaptic damage in neurons
Authors: Manchon Jose Felix Moruno , Dabaghian Yuri , Uzor Ndidi-Ese , Kesler Shelli R. , Wefel Jeffrey S. , Tsvetkov Andrey S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNeurotoxicity may occur in cancer patients and survivors during or after chemotherapy. Cognitive deficits associated with neurotoxicity can be subtle or disabling and frequently include disturbances in memory, attention, executive function and processing speed. Searching for pathways altered by anti-cancer treatments in cultured primary neurons, we discovered that doxorubicin, a commonly used anti-neoplastic drug, significantly decreased neuronal survival. The drug promoted the formation of DNA double-strand breaks in primary neurons and reduced synaptic and neurite density. Pretreatment of neurons with levetiracetam, an FDA-approved anti-epileptic drug, enhanced survival of chemotherapy drug-treated neurons, reduced doxorubicin-induced formation of DNA double-strand breaks and mitigated synaptic and neurite loss. Thus, levetiracetam might be part of a valuable new approach for mitigating synaptic damage and, perhaps, for treating cognitive disturbances in cancer patients and survivors.