bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural alterations in tumor‐draining lymph nodes before papillary thyroid carcinoma metastasis
Authors: Hinson Andrew M. , Massoll Nicole A. , Jolly Lee Ann , Stack Brendan C. , Bodenner Donald L. , Franco Aime T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to define and characterize the thyroid tumor‐draining lymph nodes in genetically engineered mice harboring thyroid‐specific expression of oncogenic BrafV600E with and without Pten insufficiency.MethodsAfter intratumoral injection of methylene blue, the lymphatic drainage of the thyroid gland was visualized in real time. The thyroid gland/tumor was resected en bloc with the respiratory system for histological analysis.ResultsAlthough mice harboring BrafV600E mutations were smaller in body size compared with their wild‐type (WT) littermates, the size of their thyroid glands and deep cervical lymph nodes were significantly larger. Additionally, the tumor‐draining lymph nodes showed increased and enlarged lymphatic sinuses that were distributed throughout the cortex and medulla. Tumor‐reactive lymphadenopathy and histiocytosis, but no frank metastases, were observed in all mice harboring BrafV600E mutations.ConclusionsThe tumor‐draining lymph nodes undergo significant structural alterations in immunocompetent mice, and this may represent a primer for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) metastasis.
Radiotherapy for juvenile ossifying fibroma of the maxillary sinus: Case report and literature review
Authors: Strickler Scott , Hitchcock Kathryn E. , Dziegielewski Peter T. , Mendenhall William M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) is a benign fibro‐osseous lesion that can be locally aggressive. It is typically treated with surgical excision. A few cases using adjuvant radiotherapy have been reported in the literature.MethodsWe report a case of JOF treated with surgical excision and adjuvant radiotherapy to minimize the risk of local recurrence. We also review the literature.ResultsOur patient tolerated radiotherapy without complication and had not experienced a local recurrence at the time of writing this manuscript.ConclusionsThis is one of the first reports of adjuvant radiotherapy after surgical excision to improve local control in patients with JOF. Radiotherapy should be considered in patients for whom reexcision after a recurrence would result in unacceptable morbidity.
Structural FECM: Cointegration in large‐scale structural FAVAR models
Authors: Banerjee Anindya , Marcellino Massimiliano , Masten Igor 
Published: May 2017

SummaryStarting from the dynamic factor model for nonstationary data we derive the factor‐augmented error correction model (FECM) and its moving‐average representation. The latter is used for the identification of structural shocks and their propagation mechanisms. We show how to implement classical identification schemes based on long‐run restrictions in the case of large panels. The importance of the error correction mechanism for impulse response analysis is analyzed by means of both empirical examples and simulation experiments. Our results show that the bias in estimated impulse responses in a factor‐augmented vector autoregressive (FAVAR) model is positively related to the strength of the error correction mechanism and the cross‐section dimension of the panel. We observe empirically in a large panel of US data that these features have a substantial effect on the responses of several variables to the identified permanent real (productivity) and monetary policy shocks.
Review of mechanisms of deoxynivalenol‐induced anorexia: The role of gut microbiota
Authors: Peng Zhao , Chen Liangkai , Xiao Jie , Zhou Xiaoqi , Nüssler Andreas K. , Liu Liegang , Liu Jinping , Yang Wei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDeoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most important mycotoxins in cereal‐based foods or other food productions, produced by Fusarium species. Because of the high occurrence of DON in food combined with vast consumption of cereals and grain worldwide, the DON‐contaminated food is a very harmful factor for human and animal health. DON has been reported to induce anorexia at lower or chronic doses in animal models. However, further researches for DON‐induced anorexia are limited. Previous publications demonstrated a close link between Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, two kinds of gut microbiota, with weight loss and the effect of low administration of DON on neurotransmitters in the frontal cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus, hippocampus and pons/medulla. These data are similar to other studies, which show selective 5HTα receptor agonists apparently causing hyperphagia whereas 5HT1β agonists appear to induce anorexia. Thus, the neurochemical effects of lower DON exposure can be as a result of peripheral toxicological events such as emesis, which overwhelmed its more subtle feed refusal activity. Besides, changes in the microbiota have an impact on stress‐related behaviors like anxiety and depression, which can lead to weight loss through decreased feed intake. Gut dysbiosis is also associated with brain dysfunction and with behavioral changes. These conclusions illustrate as well a potential explanation for DON‐induced anorexia.In this review, we summarize information about DON‐induced anorexia from previous studies and provide our opinion for future investigations that could establish a link between gut microbiota, neurotransmitters, anorexia and weight loss under the DON exposure. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomimetic coating of cross‐linked gelatin to improve mechanical and biological properties of electrospun PET: A promising approach for small caliber vascular graft applications
Authors: Pezzoli Daniele , Cauli Elisa , Chevallier Pascale , Farè Silvia , Mantovani Diego 
Published: May 2017

AbstractElectrospun PET (ePET) is a promising material for small caliber vascular graft applications owing to its tunable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and nanofibrous structure that mimic the morphology of natural extracellular matrix. However, the inherent inertness of PET impairs the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells on the inner surface of ePET tubular grafts, hindering the formation of a functional endothelium. Gelatin coatings, owing to their ability to promote endothelialization, are a valuable approach to overcome the limitations of ePET. Herein, a novel process for the deposition of stable biomimetic coatings of gelatin on ePET tubular grafts is proposed. Electrospun PET was first aminated by plasma treatment and then coated with a gelatin hydrogel cross‐linked in situ by a Michael‐type addition reaction. Amination provided a superhydrophilic behavior to the ePET surface, allowing easy gelatin interpenetration along the wall thickness of the tubular structure, and the obtainment of thin coatings that maintained the morphology of ePET fibers. Gelatin coating was stable at long term in a physiological‐like environment, noncytotoxic and promoted in vitro cell adhesion and proliferation. Noteworthy, the mechanical properties of gelatin‐coated ePET tubular grafts were improved in terms of elastic modulus, compliance, and elastic recoil, finally better matching the characteristics of native blood vessels. Altogether, the proposed coating technique successfully combines the advantages of ePET nanofibrous structure with cross‐linked gelatin biological cues and mechanical reinforcement, and emerges as a promising strategy for the development of biocompatible small caliber vascular grafts with superior biomimetic and mechanical properties. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2405–2415, 2017.
Tuning reversible cell adhesion to methacrylate‐based thermoresponsive polymers: Effects of composition on substrate hydrophobicity and cellular responses
Authors: Anderson Christopher R. , Gambinossi Filippo , DiLillo Katarina M. , Laschewsky André , Wischerhoff Erik , Ferri James K. , Sefcik Lauren S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThermoresponsive polymer (TRP) cell culture substrates are widely utilized for nonenzymatic, temperature‐triggered release of adherent cells. Increasingly, multicomponent TRPs are being developed to facilitate refined control of cell adhesion and detachment, which requires an understanding of the relationships between composition‐dependent substrate physicochemical properties and cellular responses. Here, we utilize a homologous series of poly(MEO2MAx‐co‐OEGMAy) brushes with variable copolymer ratio (x/y) to explore the effects of substrate hydrophobicity on L‐929 fibroblast adhesion, morphology, and temperature‐triggered cell detachment. Substrate hydrophobicity is reported in terms of the equilibrium spreading coefficient (S), and variations in copolymer ratio reveal differential hydrophobicity that is correlated to serum protein adsorption and initial cell attachment at 37°C. Furthermore, quantitative metrics of cell morphology show that cell spreading is enhanced on more hydrophobic surfaces with increased (x/y) ratio, which is further supported by gene expression analysis of biomarkers of cell spreading (e.g., RhoA, Dusp2). Temperature‐dependent cell detachment is limited for pure poly(MEO2MA); however, rapid cell rounding and detachment (<20 min) are evident for all poly(MEO2MAx‐co‐OEGMAy) substrates. These results suggest that increased MEO2MA content in poly(MEO2MAx‐co‐OEGMAy) substrates elicits enhanced protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and cell spreading; however, integration of small amounts of the more hydrophilic OEGMA unit facilitates both cell attachment/spreading and detachment. This study demonstrates an important role for the composition‐dependent control of surface hydrophobicity in the design of multicomponent TRPs for desired biological outcomes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2416–2428, 2017.
Screening for Atypical Femur Fractures Using Extended Femur Scans by DXA
Authors: van de Laarschot Denise M , Smits Alexandra AA , Buitendijk Sanne KC , Stegenga Merel T , Zillikens M Carola 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Atypical femur fractures (AFFs) are a rare but serious complication associated with the use of antiresorptive drugs such as bisphosphonates. Assessment of incomplete AFFs on extended femur scans by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) may prevent the development of complete fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of extended femur scans by DXA as a screening tool for incomplete AFFs. From June 2014 until September 2016, extended femur scans were routinely performed in all consecutive patients undergoing DXA scanning who had used bisphosphonates or denosumab at any given moment in the previous year. When “beaking” was found, defined as a localized periosteal or endosteal thickening of the lateral cortex, a radiograph of the femur was performed to confirm incomplete AFF. Beaking was detected in 12 of 282 patients (4.3%) with extended scans of both femora. In 9 patients (3.2%), beaking corresponded with the radiological presence of incomplete AFFs, of whom 4 already had an X-ray made because of a previous complete AFF of the other leg. Five patients (1.8%) were newly diagnosed with 6 yet unknown incomplete AFFs. No additional X-ray was performed in 2 patients because of loss of follow-up. Beaking was explained by known soft tissue calcifications in 1 patient. The positive predictive value of beaking on extended femur scan was 83.3% in our study. Three cases in whom the new diagnosis of incomplete AFF has affected medical and surgical treatment are further discussed to illustrate the relevance of early detection. We conclude that extended femur scans by DXA can detect incomplete AFFs in patients on antiresorptive treatment and should therefore be considered a clinically relevant screening tool because early identification of AFFs has therapeutic consequences. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A novel low‐temperature NO removal approach with •OH from catalytic decomposition of H2O2 over La1‐xCaxFeO3 oxides
Authors: Wu Bo , Xiong Yuanquan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn industrial boilers, the flue gas temperature was below 200°C. The activated temperatures of conventional NO removal approach such as SCR was over 300°C, limiting its application in industrial boilers. In this study, a novel low‐temperature NO removal approach with hydroxyl radicals (•OH) from catalytic decomposition of H2O2 over La1‐xCaxFeO3 oxides (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) was proposed. With respect to four as‐prepared catalysts, the catalytic performance was presented and the mechanism was proposed.RESULTSThe catalytic activities of LaFeO3 was higher than the other three catalysts, achieving 89.9% of NO removal efficiency under the optimal operating condition. With the Ca stoichiometry increased, the surface hydroxyl group density and the oxygen vacancy concentration increased while the changes of specific surface area was not monotonic. With respect to the as‐prepared catalysts, the oxygen vacancy played a main and negative role in •OH generation and NO removal. The oxygen vacancy accelerated the catalytic decomposition of H2O2 but not generated •OH. The main N‐containing products after oxidation were NO2 and HNO3.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated the high activity of LaFeO3 oxides in NO removal and elucidated the correlation between surface property and catalytic performance. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparing fibroblast attachment in root surface scaling with Er, Cr:YSGG laser versus ultrasonic scaler: A SEM study
Authors: Fekrazad Reza , Lotfi Ghogha , Harandi Mohammad , Ayremlou Sara , A. M. Kalhori Katayoun , Gholami Gholam Ali , Nokhbatolfoghahaei Hanieh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe regeneration of periodontal support is the main concern in periodontal therapy. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the fibroblasts attachment on root surfaces after scaling with Er, Cr:YSGG laser and ultrasonic instruments using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Methods72 root plates of ∼6 × 4 × 1 mm3 in dimension were prepared from 27 single‐rooted human mature teeth and were then divided into four groups. One group irradiated with a G6 tip of Er, Cr:YSGG laser (2.78 µm, 0.75 W, pulse duration of 140 µs, repetition rate of 20 Hz) for 5 to 7 s, and the other groups were scaled with ultrasonic alone or laser‐ultrasonic. The control group was subjected to neither laser nor ultrasonic scaling. Subsequently, Viability and proliferation rates were done using MTT assay on days 3 and 5. Finally the cell attachment was observed using SEM.ResultsThe data derived from MTT and cell‐attachment analysis indicated that laser‐ultrasonic scaling tended to increase cell‐viability by the lapse of time (within 3–5 days), with significantly better cell‐attachment compared with other groups on days 3 and 5 (p < .05). The comparison of the difference in fibroblast cell attachment rate on both the third and the fifth day with independent T‐Test indicated a significant rise on the fifth day compared to the third day of study (p < .05).ConclusionIndeed, both Er, Cr:YSGG laser and ultrasonic scaling may promote fibroblast attachment on dentinal root surfaces more than laser or ultrasonic scaling alone.
Immunohistochemical profiling of the ultimobranchial remnants in the rat postnatal thyroid gland
Authors: Vázquez‐Román Victoria , Utrilla José C. , Fernández‐Santos José M. , Martín‐Lacave Inés 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUltimobranchial (UB) remnants are a constant presence in the thyroid throughout rat postnatal life; however, the difficulty in identifying the most immature forms from the surrounding thyroid tissue prompted us to search for a specific marker. With that objective, we applied a panel of antibodies reported to be specific for their human counterpart, solid cell nests (SCNs), using double immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Our results demonstrated that cytokeratin 34βE12 and p63 are highly sensitive markers for the immunohistologic screening of UB‐remnants, independently of their maturity or size. Furthermore, rat UB‐follicles (UBFs) coincided with human SCNs in the immunohistochemical pattern exhibited by both antigens. In contrast, the pattern displayed for calcitonin and thyroglobulin differs considerably but confirm the hypothesis that rat UB‐cells can differentiate into both types of thyroid endocrine cells. This hypothesis agrees with recent findings that thyroid C‐cells share an endodermic origin with follicular cells in rodents. We suggest that the persistence of p63‐positive undifferentiated cells in UB‐remnants may constitute a reservoir of basal/stem cells that persist beyond embryogenesis from which, in certain unknown conditions, differentiated thyroid cells or even unusual tumors may arise.
Principal component analysis for efficient characterization of stochastic electromagnetic fields
Authors: Haider Michael , Russer Johannes A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe propagation of stochastic electromagnetic fields can be accurately modeled using the auto‐ and cross‐correlation spectra of the field components. In this work, we introduce the framework of principal component analysis for reducing the computational cost of handling stochastic electromagnetic fields described by correlation matrices. We consider noisy electromagnetic fields originating from stationary random processes with Gaussian probability distribution. The amount of data obtained by 2‐dimensional near‐field measurements and by determining the auto‐ and cross‐correlation information of electromagnetic interference can become burdensome for further processing even for problems of moderate size. For obtaining the correlation data, 2 measurement probes have to scan a defined grid of measurement points. For each pair of points, the spatial correlations need to be calculated, and hence, the data obtained scales quadratically with the number of sampling points. To reduce the amount of data, we project the given data obtained by measurement or simulation onto directions of maximum variation, the so called principal components, and keep only those principal components which contribute most to the total variance. In this way, the memory demand for storage and further computation of stochastic electromagnetic fields can be reduced significantly.
Astrocyte dysfunction in Alzheimer disease
Authors: Acosta Crystal , Anderson Hope D. , Anderson Christopher M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAstrocytes are glial cells that are distributed throughout the central nervous system in an arrangement optimal for chemical and physical interaction with neuronal synapses and brain blood supply vessels. Neurotransmission modulates astrocytic excitability by activating an array of cell surface receptors and transporter proteins, resulting in dynamic changes in intracellular Ca2+or Na+. Ionic and electrogenic astrocytic changes, in turn, drive vital cell nonautonomous effects supporting brain function, including regulation of synaptic activity, neuronal metabolism, and regional blood supply. Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with aberrant oligomeric amyloid β generation, which leads to extensive proliferation of astrocytes with a reactive phenotype and abnormal regulation of these processes. Astrocytic morphology, Ca2+responses, extracellular K+removal, glutamate transport, amyloid clearance, and energy metabolism are all affected in AD, resulting in a deleterious set of effects that includes glutamate excitotoxicity, impaired synaptic plasticity, reduced carbon delivery to neurons for oxidative phosphorylation, and dysregulated linkages between neuronal energy demand and regional blood supply. This review summarizes how astrocytes are affected in AD and describes how these changes are likely to influence brain function. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of convective systems and their association with African easterly waves
Authors: Semunegus Hilawe , Mekonnen Ademe , Schreck Carl J. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the relationship between African easterly waves (AEWs) and different types of deep convection. It is known that AEWs impact the development of deep convection over tropical North Africa and tropical cyclone formation over the eastern Atlantic. However, the process of how AEWs interact with deep convection is not well understood. Composite analysis based on a 24‐year data set of cloud systems (CS) from the International Satellite Cloud Climate Project shows that the relationship changes with various types of convection over this region. This phase change relationship analysis may shed light into the dynamics of AEWs and improve the ability of forecasters to anticipate associated rainfall over the Sahel. Weak and disorganized convective systems (WDCSs; 50 km < radius < 100 km) are most common within the southerly phase of the AEWs over East Africa. Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) with cloud radii >100 km increase in frequency within and to the west of the AEW‐trough zone. MCSs are common features of summer in northwestern Africa. Our results indicate that the association between AEWs and deep convection is different and changes across North Africa. Weak AEWs over East Africa have a stronger relationship with WDCSs, while mature AEWs over West Africa have more MCS activity. This evolution suggests that the organization of convection from WDCS to MCS may play a critical role in AEW development. This hypothesis contrasts the traditional view that treats convection uniformly.
Multi‐model analysis of regional dry and wet conditions for the Carpathian Region
Authors: Kis Anna , Pongrácz Rita , Bartholy Judit 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe estimated future changes of precipitation and precipitation‐related climate indices for the Carpathian Region are analysed in this paper. Eleven regional climate model (RCM) simulations from the ENSEMBLES project taking into account the intermediate A1B emission scenario are used, hence, the analysis also includes uncertainty assessments. Validation results showed that in the target area RCM simulations overestimate precipitation throughout the year, except in summer, when underestimation occurs. In order to eliminate these systematic errors before the detailed analysis, percentile‐based bias correction is applied to the raw RCM outputs, for which the high‐quality CARPATCLIM database (1961–2010) serves as a reference. Using the bias‐corrected RCM simulations, precipitation totals and several precipitation‐related indices (describing both wet and dry climatic conditions) are calculated for the 1961–2100 time period on seasonal scale for the entire Carpathian Region, and also for five subregions (Slovakia, Ukraine, Hungary, Romania, and Serbia) within this area. The results from RCM simulations are inconsistent for some indices in some seasons, thus introducing uncertainties to the climatic projections. However, according to our results, drier summers are very likely to occur in the future, mainly in the southern parts of the selected domain. More frequent and more intense extreme precipitation events are estimated for winter and autumn, especially in the northern regions. Our conclusions suggest that the spatial distribution of precipitation is not likely to change remarkably in the future, however, the annual distribution of precipitation is projected to be restructured.