bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity and Community Can Coexist
Authors: Stivala Alex , Robins Garry , Kashima Yoshihisa , Kirley Michael 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe examine the (in)compatibility of diversity and sense of community by means of agent‐based models based on the well‐known Schelling model of residential segregation and Axelrod model of cultural dissemination. We find that diversity and highly clustered social networks, on the assumptions of social tie formation based on spatial proximity and homophily, are incompatible when agent features are immutable, and this holds even for multiple independent features. We include both mutable and immutable features into a model that integrates Schelling and Axelrod models, and we find that even for multiple independent features, diversity and highly clustered social networks can be incompatible on the assumptions of social tie formation based on spatial proximity and homophily. However, this incompatibility breaks down when cultural diversity can be sufficiently large, at which point diversity and clustering need not be negatively correlated. This implies that segregation based on immutable characteristics such as race can possibly be overcome by sufficient similarity on mutable characteristics based on culture, which are subject to a process of social influence, provided a sufficiently large “scope of cultural possibilities” exists.
Dominant Cultural Narratives, Racism, and Resistance in the Workplace: A Study of the Experiences of Young Black Canadians
Authors: Hasford Julian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAlthough many studies have examined lived experiences of racism and resistance in various contexts, relatively little research has examined such experiences among Black youth within the workplace—particularly in the Canadian context. In this study I use qualitative analyses of narrative interviews with 24 Black Canadian youth and young adults (aged 16–35) to examine the impact of dominant cultural narratives on lived experiences of workplace racism and resistance. Findings are presented using theatrical games as a central conceptual metaphor, suggesting that: (a) dominant cultural narratives have a major impact on relational dynamics of oppression in the workplace; (b) identity performance is a critical strategy for negotiating dominant cultural narratives in the workplace; and (c) panopticism (the internalized gaze) is a significant aspect of internalized oppression. Implications for future research and action are discussed.
Thriving Among African‐American Adolescents: Religiosity, Religious Support, and Communalism
Authors: Gooden Adia S. , McMahon Susan D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWhile research has identified some positive factors in the lives of African‐American adolescents, there is limited, yet growing, empirical research examining how positive factors foster thriving for these youth. Using a positive youth development framework, we examined naturally occurring factors that promote thriving among African‐American adolescents. This cross‐sectional study included 152 youth who were surveyed at five Black churches in a large Midwestern city. Using MPlus, the structural regression model results revealed support for a model that demonstrated religiosity, religious support, and communalism are significantly and directly related to thriving among African‐American adolescents. Implications for theory, research and practice are discussed. Moving from a deficit lens to a strengths‐based approach can facilitate understanding of developmental processes and provide a foundation for supporting and enhancing positive outcomes among African‐American adolescents.
Diverging Paths: Understanding Racial Differences in Civic Engagement Among White, African American, and Latina/o Adolescents Using Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Littenberg‐Tobias Joshua , Cohen Alison K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThere is increasing concern about the large civic engagement gap between Whites and Latina/o and African American youth. Some suggest this may be because traditional models and measures of civic engagement may not be as applicable for youth from historically marginalized groups. With an urban sample of middle and high school‐age youth (n = 903, 52% female), we used structural equation modeling to identify differences in civic pathways between youth from different racial/ethnic backgrounds. We found significant differences between groups including much stronger relationships between exposure to democratic practices and civic self‐efficacy and knowledge for African American and Latina/o youth than for White youth and a stronger relationship between civic knowledge and future civic engagement for Whites and Latina/os than for African Americans. These findings suggest that educators and researchers interested need to take into account the diversity of youths' racial experiences when examining youth civic development.
The Willingness of Military Members to Seek Help: The Role of Social Involvement and Social Responsibility
Authors: Bowen Gary L. , Jensen Todd M. , Martin James A. , Mancini Jay A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAnchored in the social organization theory of action and change, we use data from a large sample of active‐duty Air Force members to examine the direct and indirect influence of social involvement and social responsibility on willingness to seek help in times of need via trust in formal systems and informal supports. Group comparisons are conducted between junior male, junior female, senior male, and senior female service members. The key mediational path in the model for all groups is the connection between social involvement and willingness to seek help via trust in formal systems. These results can inform both unit‐ and community‐level interventions intended to increase the likelihood that active‐duty AF members will seek help in times of need.
Disclosing Sexual Assault Within Social Networks: A Mixed‐Method Investigation
Authors: Dworkin Emily R. , Pittenger Samantha L. , Allen Nicole E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMost survivors of sexual assault disclose their experiences within their social networks, and these disclosure decisions can have important implications for their entry into formal systems and well‐being, but no research has directly examined these networks as a strategy to understand disclosure decisions. Using a mixed‐method approach that combined survey data, social network analysis, and interview data, we investigate whom, among potential informal responders in the social networks of college students who have experienced sexual assault, survivors contact regarding their assault, and how survivors narrate the role of networks in their decisions about whom to contact. Quantitative results suggest that characteristics of survivors, their social networks, and members of these networks are associated with disclosure decisions. Using data from social network analysis, we identified that survivors tended to disclose to a smaller proportion of their network when many network members had relationships with each other or when the network had more subgroups. Our qualitative analysis helps to contextualize these findings.
Social Change: Toward an Informed and Critical Understanding of Social Justice and the Capabilities Approach in Community Psychology
Authors: Munger Felix , MacLeod Tim , Loomis Colleen 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCommunity psychology has long been concerned with social justice. However, deployments of this term are often vague and undertheorized. To address this weakness in the field's knowledge body we explored John Rawls's theory of social justice and Amartya Sen's economic theory of the capabilities approach and evaluated each for its applicability to community psychology theory, research, and action. Our unpacking of the philosophical and political underpinnings of Rawlsian theory of social justice resulted in identifying characteristics that limit the theory's utility in community psychology, particularly in its implications for action. Our analysis of the capability approach proposed by Amartya Sen revealed a framework that operationalizes social justice in both research and action, and we elaborate on this point. Going beyond benefits to community psychology in adopting the capabilities approach, we posit a bi‐directional relationship and discuss how community psychology might also contribute to the capabilities approach. We conclude by suggesting that community psychology could benefit from a manifesto or proclamation that provides a historical background of social justice and critiques the focus on the economic, sociological, and philosophical theories that inform present‐day conceptualizations (and lack thereof) of social justice for community psychology.
Psychological‐Mindedness and American Indian Historical Trauma: Interviews with Service Providers from a Great Plains Reservation
Authors: Hartmann William E. , Gone Joseph P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe concept of historical trauma (HT) was developed to explain clinical distress among descendants of Jewish Holocaust survivors and has since been ascribed new meanings to account for suffering in diverse contexts. In American Indian (AI) communities, the concept ofAI HThas been tailored and promoted as an expanded notion of trauma that combines psychological injury with historical oppression to causally connect experiences with Euro‐American colonization to contemporary behavioral health disparities. However, rather than clinical formulations emphasizing psychological injury, a focused content analysis of interviews with 23AIhealth and human service providers (SPs) on a Great Plains reservation demonstrated strong preferences for socio‐cultural accounts of oppression. Reflective of a local worldview associated with minimal psychological‐mindedness, this study illustrates how cultural assumptions embedded within health discourses likeHTcan conflict with diverse cultural forms and promote “psychologized” perspectives on suffering that may limit attention to social, economic, and political determinants of health.
Evaluation of a participatory ergonomics intervention in small commercial construction firms
Authors: Dale Ann Marie , Jaegers Lisa , Welch Laura , Gardner Bethany T. , Buchholz Bryan , Weaver Nancy , Evanoff Bradley A. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundWork‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) among construction workers remain high. Participatory ergonomics (PE) interventions that engage workers and employers in reducing work injury risks have shown mixed results.MethodsEight‐six workers from seven contractors participated in a PE program. A logic model guided the process evaluation and summative evaluation of short‐term and intermediate impacts and long‐term outcomes from surveys and field records.ResultsProcess measures showed good delivery of training, high worker engagement, and low contractor participation. Workers’ knowledge improved and workers reported changes to work practices and tools used; contractor provision of appropriate equipment was low (33%). No changes were seen in symptoms or reported physical effort.ConclusionsThe PE program produced many worker‐identified ergonomic solutions, but lacked needed support from contractors. Future interventions should engage higher levels of the construction organizational system to improve contractor involvement for reducing WMSD. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:465–475, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Police officers who responded to 9/11: Comorbidity of PTSD, depression, and anxiety 10–11 years later
Authors: Bowler Rosemarie M. , Kornblith Erica S. , Li Jiehui , Adams Shane W. , Gocheva Vihra V. , Schwarzer Ralf , Cone James E. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundAfter the 9/11/2001 World Trade Center (WTC) attack, many police‐responders developed PTSD and might be vulnerable to develop depression and/or anxiety. Comorbidity of PTSD, depression, and/or anxiety is examined.MethodPolice enrollees (N = 1,884) from the WTC Health Registry were categorized into four groups based on comorbidity of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. DSM‐IV diagnostic criteria for PTSD were used. Depression (PHQ‐8) and anxiety (GAD‐7) were assessed with standardized psychometric inventories. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify putative risk factors associated with comorbidity of PTSD.ResultsOf 243 (12.9% of total) police with probable PTSD, 21.8% had probable PTSD without comorbidity, 24.7% had depression, 5.8% had anxiety, and 47.7% had comorbid depression and anxiety. Risk factors for comorbid PTSD, depression, and anxiety include being Hispanic, decrease in income, experiencing physical injury on 9/11, experiencing stressful/traumatic events since 9/11, and being unemployed/retired.ConclusionNearly half of police with probable PTSD had comorbid depression and anxiety. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:425–436, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lactamization of sp2 C−H Bonds with CO2: Transition‐Metal‐Free and Redox‐Neutral
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Liao Li‐Li , Yan Si‐Shun , Wang Lei , He Yun‐Qi , Ye Jian‐Heng , Li Jing , Zhi Yong‐Gang , Yu Da‐Gang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe first direct use of carbon dioxide in the lactamization of alkenyl and heteroaryl C−H bonds to synthesize important 2‐quinolinones and polyheterocycles in moderate to excellent yields is reported. Carbon dioxide, a nontoxic, inexpensive, and readily available greenhouse gas, acts as an ideal carbonyl source. Importantly, this transition‐metal‐free and redox‐neutral process is eco‐friendly and desirable for the pharmaceutical industry. Moreover, these reactions feature a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, facile scalability, and easy product derivatization.
The 2‐Arsaethynolate Anion: Synthesis and Reactivity Towards Heteroallenes
Authors: Hinz Alexander , Goicoechea Jose M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe synthesis and isolation of the 2‐arsaethynolate anion, AsCO−, and its subsequent reactivity towards heteroallenes is reported. Reactions with ketenes and carbodiimides afford four‐membered anionic heterocycles in formal [2+2] cycloaddition reactions. By contrast, reaction with an isocyanate yielded a 1,4,2‐diazaarsolidine‐3,5‐dionide anion and the unprecedented cluster anions As102− and As124−. These preliminary reactivity studies hint at the enormous potential synthetic utility of this novel anion, which may be employed as an arsenide (As−) source.
Embedded macroporous elastomers by hydrostatic fracturing for flexible strain‐sensor applications
Authors: Phanishwar Kumar , Perween Shama , Saurakhiya Neelam , Ranjan Amit 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTA method is proposed for fabricating flexible materials embedded with macroporous regions by inducing fractures under point loading. Possible use of these structures in strain sensing is demonstrated. Injecting air at high pressure through a needle‐tip generates 3‐dimensional fractures in homogeneously crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) media, whereas a 2‐dimensional planar fracture is generated in a sandwich‐like structure wherein a softer layer is bounded by two stiffer layers. Size‐dependence of 3‐dimensional fractures on stiffness of the media which is controlled by the crosslinker concentration shows a maximum, suggesting an optimal stiffness for generating largest fracture. The size of the 2‐dimensional fractures (∼5 cm) generated inside the sandwiched layer is huge as compared to the 3‐dimensional fractures (∼1 mm) under the similar conditions. Two dimensional fractured surfaces show ridges with feature length monotonically becoming smaller with stiffness. Embedded rough planar domains are created by introducing 2‐dimensional fractures at distances close enough to overlap. Using this method an embedded 2‐dimensional porous domain of polyaniline nanostructures is realized in flexible PDMS matrix. An Ohmic nature of these embedded polyaniline domains with an ability to change resistance under compression establishes their suitability for developing inexpensive and flexible strain sensors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43681.
Crystallization, mechanical, and fracture behavior of mullite fiber‐reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites
Authors: Vengatesan Muthukumaraswamy Ranagraj , Singh Swati , Pillai Vishnu V. , Mittal Vikas 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThis study describes the reinforcement effect of surface modified mullite fibers on the crystallization, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP). The nanocomposites were developed using polypropylene‐grafted‐maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MA) as compatibilizer with different weight ratios (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 wt %) of amine functionalized mullite fibers (AMUF) via solution blending method. Chemical grafting of AMUF with PP‐g‐MA resulted in enhanced filler dispersion in the polymer as well as effective filler‐polymer interactions. The dispersion of nanofiller in the polymer matrix was identified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) elemental mapping and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. AMUF increased the Young's modulus of PP in the nanocomposites up to a 5 wt % filler content, however, at 10 wt % loading, a decrease in the modulus resulted due to agglomeration of AMUF. The impact strength of PP increased simultaneously with the modulus as a function of AMUF content (up to 5 wt %). The mechanical properties of PP‐AMUF nanocomposites exhibited improved thermal performance as compared to pure PP matrix, thus, confirming the overall potential of the generated composites for a variety of structural applications. The mechanical properties of 5 wt % of AMUF filled PP nanocomposite were also compared with PP nanocomposites generated with unmodified MUF and the results confirmed superior mechanical properties on incorporation of modified filler. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43725.
Tropical cyclogenesis associated with four types of winter monsoon circulation over the South China Sea
Authors: Wang Lei , Huang Ronghui , Wu Renguang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn boreal winter during the period 1958–2013, more than two third of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the South China Sea (SCS) is found to occur in specific atmospheric environmental fields associated with four types of East Asian winter monsoon circulation which are named the monsoon gyre (MG), the easterly, the reverse‐oriented monsoon trough (RMT), and the monsoon confluence (MC), respectively. The first two types account for about 80% of TC geneses. Before TC formation over the SCS, lower‐level positive relative vorticity and humidity anomalies are accompanied by mid‐troposphere ascent and upper‐level divergence anomalies, which are favorable for TC genesis. These anomalies are the most significant in the MG type. Moreover, the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) growth from the barotropic energy conversion contributes beneficially to the evolving of incipient disturbances to a TC over the SCS. In all four types, the meridional wind convergence and the zonal wind shear play an important role in the EKE growth.
A web‐based educational software for structural dynamics
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Christos G. , Manolis George D. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIn this work, we present a web‐based educational package for teaching structural dynamics, as well as for providing an easily accessible on‐line tool for interactive experimentation that is useful for both undergraduate and graduate training. Current version of the package comprises five software modules, namely (1) response history analysis of a single‐degree‐of‐freedom system, (2) modal analysis and time history analysis of a single‐storey space frame, (3) modal analysis and time history analysis of planar frames up to three stories in height, (4) generation of response spectra from ground acceleration signals, and (5) generation of synthetic ground motions for layered soil formations. These second‐generation software moduli are now freely available over the internet and were derived from a previously developed educational package that has been used over the past 5 years as a virtual laboratory for teaching structural dynamics fundamentals to civil engineering undergraduates. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:599–614, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21735
How consumers respond to missing a quantity discount with multiple price breaks
Authors: Huang Wen‐Hsien 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study investigates how consumers evaluate and respond to different discount schemes (i.e., one versus multiple price breaks) in the wake of a missed quantity discount. Two field experiments are conducted. The results demonstrate that promotions with multiple price breaks (e.g., 2 for 30% off and 3 for 40% off) will result in a higher likelihood of purchasing one item at the regular price than promotions with only a single price break (e.g., 2 for 30% off) when a quantity discount is missed. The results of Experiment 2 reveal that increasing the number of price breaks (i.e., from two to three) can strengthen the assimilation of the advertised regular price into consumers' internal reference price range when there is a greater interval between the two price breaks (e.g., 2 for 30% off, 5 for 40% off, and 8 for 50% off) and that subsequently raises consumers' purchase likelihood if they are not able to take advantage of the promotional price. Finally, the effect of the discount scheme on purchase likelihood is shown to be mediated by the internal reference price. These observations have important implications for retailers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strongly Coupled Architectures of Cobalt Phosphide Nanoparticles Assembled on Graphene as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Huang Huawei , Yu Chang , Yang Juan , Zhao Changtai , Han Xiaotong , Liu Zhibin , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Jieshan Qiu, Chang Yu, and co‐workers, Dalian University of Technology (China). The work reports a novel approach to fabricate bifunctional electrocatalysts for full water splitting by anchoring the cobalt phosphide nanoparticles with enriched active sites onto conductive graphene matrix. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201600001.
ChemInform Abstract: SILICON DIOXIDE AS MASKING FILM IN ALKALINE ETCHING
Authors: BARYCKA I. , TETERYCZ H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMit dem Ziel, die billige NaOH als Substitut für organische Basen zum Ätzen von Si zu verwenden, wird die Ätzbeständigkeit von 0.5 ‐1 .3 um dicken SiOz‐Filmen gegen 30 Gew.‐proz. NaOH im Temp.‐ Bereich 350‐375 K untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES ON PHOSPHORUS PENTACHLORIDE. III. THE PHOSPHORUS PENTACHLORIDE‐TELLURIUM TETRACHLORIDE SYSTEM
Authors: BROCKNER W. , DEMIRAY A. F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus den Raman‐Spektren von festen und geschmolzenen PCl5‐TeCl4‐Mischungen folgt: Die feste l :l‐Mischung enthält die Verbindung nPClZ(TeC15′)n, während in den Schmelzen verschiedene Abbaugleichgewichte zwischen (TeCl; )n, TeClä′ und niedriger geladenen Einheiten vorliegen.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMOCHEMISTRY OF HALOGENSILANES. PART VIII. THERMODYNAMICS OF THE SILICON‐CHLORINE‐HYDROGEN SYSTEM
Authors: WOLF E. , TEICHMANN R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEs werden experimentelle Untersuchungen des Reaktionsgleichgewichts Azwischen 800 und 1 140 K sowie des Gleichgewichts Bzwischen 1 170 und 1540 K nach der statischen und dynamischen Methode durchgeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: GLASS FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF CHALCOGENIDE SYSTEMS. PART XIX. GLASS FORMATION OF MERCURY(II) SELENIDE WITH GERMANIUM SELENIDES
Authors: FELTZ A. , BURCKHARDT W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIm System HgSe‐GeSe‐GeS2 existiert ein ausgedehnter Glasbildungsbereich.
ChemInform Abstract: PRODUCTION OF A FLUORESCENT CONJUGATE ACID OF 8‐METHOXYPSORALEN AND AN UNUSUAL MECHANISM FOR ITS NONRADIATIVE DECAY
Authors: BHATTACHARJEE H. R. , MENGER E. L. , HAMMOND G. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Fluoreszenz der Titelverbindung wird in Lösungen mittlerer Acidität gelöscht.