bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximizing VOI of Frequent Seismic Monitoring of Heavy Oil Fields: Case Study at Peace River Pad 31
Authors: Przybysz-Jarnut J. K. , Potters J. H. , Lopez J. L. , Araujo M. , Xue Y. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In May 2014 a permanent seismic monitoring system was deployed in Peace River Pad 31 to monitor areal steam conformance during pad re-development in this heavy oil field in Alberta, Canada. The dataset comprises a two-year monitoring period and was used within the Well and Reservoir Management framework to optimize production performance and increase field recovery. With seismic snapshots available daily, one area of investigation was to determine the monitoring frequency that maximizes Value of Information (VOI). A lookback study with a panel of independent experts showed that for the particular case of Pad 31, with very limited control due to the existing well completions, quarterly monitoring would be sufficient. Additionally, guidelines were developed for defining an effective seismic monitoring program (e.g., align monitoring with major field interventions, allow enough time for changes to be actionable, etc.). Although based on observations from the Pad 31 trial, these guidelines should be applicable to other thermal developments in heavy oil fields.
Use of Technical Design and Surveillance Tools to Minimize Operating Integrity Risk in High Temperature Wells
Authors: Mirko Zatka P. Eng 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Shell Canada has conducted thermal recovery operations in the Peace River area of Alberta for over 50 years, using a combination of vertical, deviated and horizontal wells. During this time, many different recovery schemes, well designs, and operating practices have been used and assessed to determine the best approach to minimizing well integrity risk from safety, technical performance, and cost standpoints.
The cumulative experience has allowed Shell to have an in-depth understanding of the most appropriate casing and connections for specific thermal service that offer the best long-term performance and integrity. Casing cement design and placement practices are a key component in well construction to obtain superior, long-term, hydraulic isolation performance.
Well operations must be monitored though an effective surveillance process to obtain not only periodic assurance of mechanical integrity of well components, but also detection of inter-well formation anomalies that may lead to well failure or loss of hydraulic isolation if left unidentified.
Monitoring and observation wells can offer key additional insights on sub-surface events and changes, and instrumentation techniques can flag anomalies, as soon as detected, for further assessment and action. This can protect not only the wellbores in use, but also assess the effect of project operations on boundary areas and previously abandoned wells.
Opiniones sobre las prácticas anticonceptivas en estudiantes de una facultad de humanidades en santa marta
Authors: Rodríguez-De Ávila Ubaldo , Bocanegra-Sandoval Johanna , Maestre-Oñate Edilberto , Lozano-González Sergio 
Published: December 2016

En el presente estudio se buscó determinar las opiniones sobre los métodos anticonceptivos y la relación existente entre la variable de estudio, el programa académico y el género en estudiantes de la facultad de humanidades de la Universidad del Magdalena. Mediante el cual se brindan datos actualizados sobre las conductas sexuales de riesgo de los estudiantes, los cuales pueden ser útiles para la prevención de esta problemática, por ello se realizó un estudio descriptivo-correlacional, utilizando un muestreo intencional, con una participación de 120 estudiantes. Los hallazgos permitieron concluir que los estudiantes plantean opiniones positivas y mayor uso sobre el preservativo y las píldoras, asimismo poseen opiniones negativas de la abstinencia, el dispositivo intrauterino y los implantes. Por otro lado, no se encontró relación entre el género y las opiniones sobre los métodos anticonceptivos, igualmente la opinión de los estudiantes no difiere según el programa.
La actividad física reduce el riesgo de muerte en pacientes con hipertensión.
Authors: Hernández-Gil Karen , Pérez-Morales Martha Karely , Arias-Vázquez Pedro Ivan 
Published: December 2016

El Objetivo de esta revisión fue establecer una asociación entre el nivel de actividad física realizada y la reducción del riesgo de muerte en pacientes hipertensos. Para la identificación de los documentos de esta revisión se realizó una búsqueda que abarco estudios epidemiológicos tipo cohorte; las publicaciones relevantes fueron identificadas en las bases de datos biomédicas PubMed y Cochrane Collaboration, la estrategia de búsqueda siguió las recomendaciones de PRISMA. Los resultados mostraron que existe una asociación entre el nivel de actividad física y el riesgo de muerte en pacientes hipertensos. Se encontró una disminución del riesgo de muerte que oscila entre el 17-67% en los hipertensos que realizan altos niveles de actividad física. Los resultados apoyan la teoría de que la actividad física regular se asocia con la reducción del riesgo de muerte en pacientes hipertensos y se sugiere que este efecto protector puede ser para muerte por enfermedad cardiovascular y para muerte por cualquier causa, además se observó que en los estudios que consideraron edades de 40 a 80 años, la reducción del riesgo relativo fue del 28-67%. Por lo que se sugiere que probablemente la actividad física genere mayores beneficios en los grupos etarios de mayor edad.
Carga financiera del cuidado del enfermo crónico en un grupo de familias en Guatemala
Authors: Morales-Padilla Orfa Nineth , Pinituj-Monroy Gladys Ayde , Escobar-Vásquez Crisanda Alcira 
Published: December 2016

Como objetivo del trabajo se planteó describir la carga financiera del cuidado del enfermo crónico en un grupo de familias en Guatemala, para ello se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal que se desarrolló en 2014 como parte de un estudio multicéntrico. Se emplearon para la recolección de datos dos encuestas: para caracterizar al grupo familiar la encuesta “GCPC-UN- D y para conocer el consumo real efectivo de las familias la encuesta “Costo financiero del cuidado de la Enfermedad crónica” de Montoya et al. Para analizar la carga financiera se empleó la Metodología CARACOLA. Los resultados revelaron que los costos propios de salud, seguidos por los de transporte, vivienda, comunicaciones y alimentos son los que en conjunto y en ese orden producen carga financiera familiar del cuidado del enfermo crónico. Se concluye que el consumo real efectivo de un grupo de familias en Guatemala asociado con el cuidado de un enfermo crónico, genera carga financiera elevada produciendo un impacto importante en la estabilidad familiar y dificulta aún más la experiencia de salud. Es clara la necesidad de incluir en las políticas públicas la forma de considerar y mitigar los costos del cuidado
Does Body Mass Index Affect Mortality in Coronary Surgery?
Authors: Protopapas Aristotle D. 
Published: December 2016

Introduction:
The Body Mass Index (BMI) quantifies nutritional status and classifies humans as underweight, of normal weight, overweight, mildly obese, moderately obese or morbidly obese. Obesity is the excessive accumulation of fat, defined as BMI higher than 30 kg/m2. Obesity is widely accepted to complicate anaesthesia and surgery, being a risk factor for mediastinitis after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We sought the evidence on operative mortality of CABG between standard BMI groups.

Materials and Methodology:
A simple literature review of papers presenting the mortality of CABG by BMI group: Underweight (BMI ≤ 18.49 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), mild obesity (BMI 30.0–34.9 kg/m2), moderate obesity (BMI 35.0–39.9 kg/m2), or morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2).

Results:
We identified 18 relevant studies with 1,027,711 patients in total. Their variability in size of samples and choice of BMI groups precluded us from attempting inferential statistics. The overall cumulative mortality was 2.7%. Underweight patients had by far the highest mortality (6.6%). Overweight patients had the lowest group mortality (2.1%). The group mortality for morbidly obese patients was 3.44%.

Discussion:
Patients with extreme BMI’s undergoing CABG (underweight ones more than morbidly obese) suffer increased crude mortality. This simple observation indicates that under nutrition and morbid obesity need be further explored as risk factors for coronary surgery.
Odontogenic Sinusitis Caused by an Inflammation of a Dentigerous Cyst and Subsequent Finding of a Fibrous Dysplasia. A Case Report
Authors: López-Carriches Carmen , López-Carriches Inmaculada , Bryan Rafael Baca-Perez 
Published: December 2016

We report the case of a 38-year old male patient with sinusitis caused by an infected follicular cyst due to an ectopic impacted third molar in the right maxillary sinus.
A 10-day antibiotherapy regimen was administered; subsequently, the cyst and the third molar were removed achieving complete recovery.
Fibrous dysplasia was diagnosed at follow-up examination (occupation of the maxillary sinus by bone tissue was observed in a radiographic examination) and confirmed by biopsy.
In cases of odontogenic sinusitis, thorough examination is crucial, as evidenced by the case reported in this study.
A Literature review was performed in order to identify the diagnostic methods currently available and the clinical features, complications and treatment for both, odontogenic maxillary sinusitis and fibrous dysplasia.
Clinical Applicability of Transient Elastography for Estimating Liver Stiffness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: van Dijk P.R. , Landman G.W.D. , Hoving S. , Kleefstra N. , Bilo H.J.G. , Groeneveld P.H.P. 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which can lead to liver fibrosis and ultimately to cirrhosis. Transient elastography (TE), by using the FibroScan, and is a non-invasive ultrasonography method to measure liver elasticity. TE has been related with the degree of liver fibrosis.

Objective:
To investigate the applicability of TE in daily clinical practice among T2DM patients.

Method:
In a non-academic teaching hospital, T2DM patients without a history of liver disease the degree of liver stiffness was measured using TE. Successful measurements were defined as 10 validated measurements per patient and an interquartile range (IQR) to median ratio of ≤30%.

Results:
In 90 of 126 patients (71%) valid measurements were be obtained. Among the patients with invalid measurements, 33 had < 10 valid measurements and 3 had a IQR to median ratio of <30%. The percentage of invalid measurements was 12% in patients with a BMI <30 kg/m2 and 39% in patients with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Among the 90 patients with valid liver stiffness measurements, the median liver stiffness was 6.7 [4.6-8.5] kPa with a IQR of measurements of 1.1 [0.6-1.8] kPa and IQR to median ratio of 17 (13-23)%.

Conclusion:
The success rate of TE measurements using the FibroScan in patients with T2DM was 71%, with a lower success rate in patients with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. This diagnostic modality needs further investigation being introduced as a marker of fibrosis in daily diabetes practice.
Cardiobacterium hominis and Cardiobacterium valvarum: Two Case Stories with Infective Episodes in Pacemaker Treated Patients
Authors: Bonavent Tina Bennett , Nielsen Xiaohui Chen , Kristensen Kjeld Skødebjerg , Ihlemann Nikolaj , Moser Claus , Christensen Jens Jørgen 
Published: December 2016

Introduction:

Cardiobacterium hominis and Cardiobacterium valvarum are well known, though rare, etiologic agents of infective endocarditis. Cardiac devices are increasingly implanted.

Case Reports:
Two cases of infective episodes in pacemaker (PM) treated patients with respectively C. hominis and C. valvarum are presented. In one case blood-culture bottles yielded growth of C. hominis at two episodes with two years apart. At the second episode a vegetation was recognized at the PM lead and the PM device and lead was removed. In the C. valvarum case, echocardiography revealed a bicuspid aortic valve with severe regurgitation and a more than 1 cm sized vegetation.

Conclusion:
The cases illustrate the diversity in disease severity by Cardiobacterium species. Careful follow up has to be performed in order not to overlook a relatively silent relapsing infection.
Evaluate the Relationship Between Class 1 Integrons and Drug Resistance Genes in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Mohammad Javad , Naeini Niloofar Shoaee , Khaledi Azad , Daymad Seyede Fatemeh , Esmaeili Davoud 
Published: December 2016

Background:The prevalence of resistantPseudomonas aeruginosaisolates is increasing and it is considered as one of the major public health concerns in the world. The association between integrons and drug resistance has been proven and evidences suggest that integrons are coding and responsible for dissemination of antibiotic resistance amongP. aeruginosaisolates.Objective:This study is aimed to evaluate the relationship between class 1 integrons and drug resistance genes in clinical isolates ofP. aeruginosafrom burn patients.Methods:100 isolates ofP. aeruginosawere collected from burn patients hospitalized in the skin ward of Shahid Motahari hospital and susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). Then DNA was extracted and PCR technique was performed for the detection of class 1 integrons and drug resistance genes. Then data was analyzed using SPSS software.Results:The most effective antibiotic was polymyxin B with sensitivity 100%, and the most resistance was observed to the ciprofloxacin (93%) and amikacin (67%), respectively. The maximum and lowest frequencies of drug resistance genes belonged to the aac (6 ') - 1, VEB-1 with prevalence rate 93% and 10%, respectively. The statistical Chi-square test did not find any significant correlation between class 1 integrons and drug resistance genes (p˃ 0.05).Conclusion:Although no significant correlation between class 1 integrons and drug resistance was observed, but the resistance rate to antibiotics tested amongP. aeruginosaisolates was high. So, surveillance, optimization and strict consideration of antimicrobial use and control of infection are necessary.
Climate Change Impact on the Tuul River Flow in a Semiarid Region in Mongolia
Authors: Sukhbaatar Chinzorig , Sajjad Raja Umer , Lunten Janchivdorj , Yu Seung‐Hoon , Lee Chang‐Hee 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the impact of climate change on the Tuul River flow in a semiarid region in Mongolia using statistical methods and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The authors found that the precipitation showed cyclic variability (three dry and two wet periods) at inter‐ and multi‐decadal scales throughout the study period (1945–2012). Both river flow and actual evapotranspiration (ET) showed a positive relationship with precipitation. In addition, the river flow further decreased due to increased water loss in percentage via actual ET even though the amount of actual ET decreased during dry periods. A significant increase in air temperature by 1.3 to 1.8 °C was recorded during latest dry period (1996–2012). Increase in temperature resulted in an added stressor, where water loss in percentage via actual ET increased more and resulted in an additional decrease in the river flow. This study concluded that precipitation has a stronger influence on the Tuul River flow than temperature.
AVALIAÇÃO DO DISPOSITIVO DE FORMAÇÃO CONTÍNUA DOS PROFESSORES DAS ESCOLAS FUNDAMENTAIS DO MALI: O CASO DAS COMUNIDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Louis Roland , Bakary Sammaké 
Published: December 2016

Este artigo apresenta o processo de avaliação de um disposi-tivo de formação posto em prática no Mali, destinado a aperfeiçoar o ensino-aprendizagem nas escolas de ensino fundamental do país. O Ministério de Educação do Mali havia escolhido um modelo particular de formação contínua de professores, denominado Comunidades de Aprendizagem de Professores (CA). Após mais de três anos de funcionamento do modelo, uma avaliação do dispositivo foi realizada pelo autor principal deste artigo.Esta avaliação visava aos seguintes objetivos: fornecer às pessoas interessadas as informações necessárias, permitindo a tomada de decisão quanto a possíveis correções;formar avaliadores locais capazes de conduzir, de maneira periódica, a avaliação dessedispositivo de formação.
IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE PLANOS DE AÇÕES ARTICULADOS MUNICIPAIS: ACHADOS DE UMA PESQUISA DE AVALIAÇÃO
Authors: Farenzena Nalú , Rossi Alexandre José , Machado Maria Greti farias , Batista Neusa Chaves 
Published: December 2016

O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa de avaliação da implementação de planos de ações articuladas (PAR) numa amostra de 95 municípios dos estados de Alagoas, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina, no período de 2008 a 2010.Foi realizada uma avaliação de resultados em sentido estrito, que envolveu elementos contextuais, situações de execução das ações do PAR e condicionantes que limitavam a execu-ção. O texto descreve os marcos e os procedimentos da avaliação e expõe um panorama da execução do PAR no conjunto dos municípios e na amostra de cada estado. No período analisado, embora tenha havido uma evolução positiva, parte considerável das ações não foi concluída, o que é explicado por dificuldades na oferta de programas e ações por parte do Ministério da Educação e por dificuldadesde diversas ordens no âmbito dos governos locais. Com base na pesquisa realizada são destacados, nos comentários finais, características e desafios da implementação de polí-ticas intergovernamentais, bem como alguns Elementos para pensar a pesquisa em políticas públicas.
A PARTICIPAÇÃO DA COMUNIDADE ESCOLAR SOBRE A PARTICIPAÇÃO NA GESTÃO DA ESCOLA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Santana Mônica Silveira , Schmitz Heike 
Published: December 2016

A gestão escolar do ensino público baseia-se no princípio democrático, conforme alegislação brasileira, abrindo espaço para a participação da comunidade escolar nadefinição da proposta pedagógica da escola pública. Estudos científicos mostraram,contudo, certas dificuldades na implantação da gestão democrática. Pergunta-se,por isso, como se apresenta a situação atual da gestão democrática após mais deduas décadas. Objetiva-se identificar as possibilidades e limites da participação dacomunidade escolar e local na gestão escolar da escola pública. Em um estudo de caso em duas escolas da rede municipal de Aracaju (SE), Brasil, foi realizada uma análise documental do Projeto Político Pedagógico das referidas escolas e levantada a percepção da sua comunidade sobre a participação na gestão escolar por meio de entrevista, aplicação de questionário e dinâmica de diagnóstico participa-tivo. A pesquisa revela a necessidade de melhor consolidar uma gestão democrática eficaz e de se exigir maior aproximação entre escola e comunidade por meio de uma gestão estratégica.
Outbreak of enterovirus D68 of the new B3 lineage in Stockholm, Sweden, August to September 2016
Authors: Dyrdak Robert , Grabbe Malin , Hammas Berit , Ekwall Jonas , Hansson Karin E , Luthander Joachim , Naucler Pontus , Reinius Henrik , Rotzén-Östlund Maria , Albert Jan 
Published: December 2016

We report an enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) outbreak in Stockholm Sweden in 2016. Between 22 August and 25 September EV-D68 was detected in 74/495 respiratory samples analysed at the Karolinska University Hospital. During the peak week, 30/91 (33%) samples were EV-D68 positive. Viral protein (VP)P4/VP2 sequencing revealed that cases were caused by B3 lineage strains. Forty-four (59%) EV-D68-positive patients were children aged ≤ 5 years. Ten patients had severe respiratory or neurological symptoms and one died.
Corrigendum: Adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, certolizumab pegol, golimumab, tocilizumab and abatacept for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis not previously treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and after the failure of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs only: systematic review and economic evaluation
Authors: Stevenson Matt , Archer Rachel , Tosh Jon , Simpson Emma , Everson-Hock Emma , Stevens John , Hernandez-Alava Monica , Paisley Suzy , Dickinson Kath , Scott David , Young Adam , Wailoo Allan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Correction to Table 209.
Primary care REFerral for EchocaRdiogram (REFER) in heart failure: a diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Taylor Clare J , Roalfe Andrea K , Iles Rachel , Hobbs FD Richard ,   The REFER investigators, Barton P , Deeks J , McCahon D , Cowie MR , Sutton G , Davis RC , Mant J , McDonagh T , Tait L 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundSymptoms of breathlessness, fatigue, and ankle swelling are common in general practice but deciding which patients are likely to have heart failure is challenging.AimTo evaluate the performance of a clinical decision rule (CDR), with or without N-Terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) assay, for identifying heart failure.Design and settingProspective, observational, diagnostic validation study of patients aged >55 years, presenting with shortness of breath, lethargy, or ankle oedema, from 28 general practices in England.MethodThe outcome was test performance of the CDR and natriuretic peptide test in determining a diagnosis of heart failure. The reference standard was an expert consensus panel of three cardiologists.ResultsThree hundred and four participants were recruited, with 104 (34.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 28.9 to 39.8) having a confirmed diagnosis of heart failure. The CDR+NT-proBNP had a sensitivity of 90.4% (95% CI = 83.0 to 95.3) and specificity 45.5% (95% CI = 38.5 to 52.7). NT-proBNP level alone with a cut-off <400 pg/ml had sensitivity 76.9% (95% CI = 67.6 to 84.6) and specificity 91.5% (95% CI = 86.7 to 95.0). At the lower cut-off of NT-proBNP <125 pg/ml, sensitivity was 94.2% (95% CI = 87.9 to 97.9) and specificity 49.0% (95% CI = 41.9 to 56.1).ConclusionAt the low threshold of NT-proBNP <125 pg/ml, natriuretic peptide testing alone was better than a validated CDR+NT-proBNP in determining which patients presenting with symptoms went on to have a diagnosis of heart failure. The higher NT-proBNP threshold of 400 pg/ml may mean more than one in five patients with heart failure are not appropriately referred. Guideline natriuretic peptide thresholds may need to be revised.
A SEARCH FOR MASS LOSS ON THE CEPHEID INSTABILITY STRIP USING H i 21 cm LINE OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Matthews L. D. , Marengo M. , Evans N. R. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a search for H i 21 cm line emission from the circumstellar environments of four Galactic Cepheids (RS Pup, X Cyg, ζ Gem, and T Mon) based on observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. The observations were aimed at detecting gas associated with previous or ongoing mass loss. Near the long-period Cepheid T Mon, we report the detection of a partial shell-like structure whose properties appear consistent with originating from an earlier epoch of Cepheid mass loss. At the distance of T Mon, the nebula would have a mass (H i+He) of

, or ∼6% of the stellar mass. Assuming that one-third of the nebular mass comprises swept-up interstellar gas, we estimate an implied mass-loss rate of

yr−1. No clear signatures of circumstellar emission were found toward ζ Gem, RS Pup, or X Cyg, although in each case, line-of-sight confusion compromised portions of the spectral band. For the undetected stars, we derive model-dependent

upper limits on the mass-loss rates, averaged over their lifetimes on the instability strip, of

yr−1 and estimate the total amount of mass lost to be less than a few percent of the stellar mass.