bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Accidental and Abusive Ano‐Genital Injury in Children
Authors: McIntosh Neil , Mok Jacqueline Y. Q. 
Published: January 2017

Three two‐year datasets of ano‐genital signs were collected for comparisons of the injuries seen with accidental trauma and child sexual abuse in children less than 16 years of age: (1) Those attending a regional children's emergency department (South East Scotland) (n = 146) for injuries to the ano‐genital area; (2) all admissions to hospital in Scotland for straddle injury (n = 56); and (3) all children attending a regional child abuse and neglect service for assessment of suspected child sexual abuse (n = 98). Accidental injury types were combined for comparison with abusive injuries.‘Three two‐year datasets of ano‐genital signs were collected for comparisons of the injuries seen with accidental trauma and child sexual abuse’In South East Scotland, 1:1785 children under 16 years will attend an emergency department and 1:9305 will be admitted annually for an ano‐genital injury.In boys, penile and scrotal injuries were only seen following accidents; anal injury was more frequent following suspected abuse (36%) than after accidents (5%).In girls, injuries to the perineum and labia were more frequent after accidental trauma (32% and 74%, respectively, compared to 2% and 11% following suspected abuse), while hymenal injuries were more frequent after sexual abuse (19% compared to 1% in the accident group). Acute injuries to the posterior fourchette were common from both causes, (17% accidents and 10% abuse) and vaginal injuries were uncommon in both groups (5% accidents and 2% abuse).The sites of injury may assist in the differential diagnosis of the cause in ano‐genital injuries. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, LtdKey Practitioner Messages

Hymenal or vaginal injury is very unlikely in accidental ano‐genital injury unless there are indications of significant impalement.
Perineal and labial injuries are very common in accidental ano‐genital injury.
Injuries to the posterior fourchette poorly differentiate abusive and accidental ano‐genital injuries.
In boys, penile and scrotal injuries are more common following accidental injury, whereas anal/perianal injuries are more likely abusive.
Can I Have A Word? Social Worker Interaction and Sense‐Making
Authors: Helm Duncan 
Published: January 2017

This paper explores the ways in which practitioners in children and family social work teams make sense of information in their work. By examining observations and recordings from an ethnographic study, the paper focuses on how informal discussions within the office space inform and affect social workers' analysis (or sense‐making). Three elements of sense‐making activity are illustrated with vignettes and extracts from field notes: methodical doubt, proximity/reflexivity and security. These three distinct features of practice are then discussed and the significance of the findings considered in relation to contemporary practice. The paper highlights the importance of informal interaction and discussion in the social work office as part of the process of social workers' sense‐making. It indicates that feelings of trust and security may be linked to intellectual curiosity and an ability to work with uncertainty in sense‐making. Ethnography can provide a means of illuminating this complex and inaccessible element of practice and the findings add to the body of knowledge. Practitioners and organisations may wish to reflect on the findings and consider how they contribute to, and are affected by, such cultures and practices. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Explores the ways in which practitioners in children and family social work teams make sense of information in their work’Key Practitioner MessagesCuriosity and methodical doubt are central elements in effective social work sense‐making.Social workers can use informal discussions effectively to support open‐minded and rigorous sense‐making.Choice and proximity of colleagues can promote shared sense‐making.The nature of office spaces may influence the sense of self‐security that underpins effective sense‐making.‘Choice and proximity of colleagues can promote shared sense‐making’
Angiographic and interventional management of spontaneous coronary artery dissections: When less is more, or “When ‘Better’ flow is the enemy of good flow”
Authors: Wood Malissa J. , Drachman Douglas E. 
Published: January 2017

Key Points

Conservative management of SCAD in clinically stable patients with non‐flow limiting lesions in major arteries is associated with favorable outcomes
A careful, methodical approach to pursuing PCI in patients with SCAD is warranted
Peripartum patients with SCAD appear to be at higher risk for technical complications; interventions in these patients should be performed by highly experienced operators
Recurrent pain abdomen following appendectomy: Stump Appendicitis, a surgeon's dilemma
Authors: Shah Tuhin , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Karkee Rikesh Jung , Agarwal Chandra Shekhar 
Published: January 2017

Key Clinical MessageAlthough there are many causes of pain right lower abdomen, stump appendicitis should always strike a clinician in postappendectomy patients even if it is a rare diagnosis. Here, we are discussing a 35‐year female with stump appendicitis who underwent completion appendectomy.
Highly Efficient and Selective Catalytic Synthesis of Quinolines Involving Transition‐Metal‐Doped Carbon Aerogels
Authors: Godino‐Ojer M. , López‐Peinado A. J. , Maldonado‐Hódar F. J. , Pérez‐Mayoral E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCarbon aerogels doped with transition metals are found to be efficient and reusable catalysts involved in the selective synthesis of quinolines. Interestingly, we report herein the first aldol‐based reactions, particularly the Friedländer reaction, catalyzed by zero‐valent metal nanoparticles, the activity of which is mainly related with the nature of the metal. Co0‐ and Cu0‐doped aerogels resulted in the most active catalysts. Resorcinol–formaldehyde Cu‐doped and steam‐activated (RFCuS) aerogel represents an alternative nanocatalyst to the metal–organic framework CuBTC showing similar reactivity but superior thermal and chemical stability. The unusual reactivity observed could be explained by the in situ generation of the Co0–CoII catalytic system formed in the activation of ethyl acetoacetate.
Progress in Enantioselective Radical Cyclizations
Authors: Miyabe Hideto , Kawashima Akira , Yoshioka Eito , Kohtani Shigeru 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe control of stereoselectivity in radical reactions is of great importance to organic synthesis. Hence, new concepts and strategies for controlling stereochemistry of radical reactions are emerging continuously. This Review highlights the recent remarkable progress in enantioselective radical cyclization reactions. Initially, the chiral Lewis acid‐catalyzed method became a field of central importance for enantioselective radical cyclizations. In recent years, significant progress has been made in enantioselective organocatalysis. In contrast to intermolecular reactions, the successful examples for enantioselective radical cyclizations are still limited. In this Review, the radical cyclizations controlled by chiral Lewis acids, chiral metallic reagents, chiral imidazolidinone catalysts, chiral non‐covalent organocatalysts, and chiral thiols are summarized.
Protection of Endogenous Thiols against Methylmercury with Benzimidazole‐Based Thione by Unusual Ligand‐Exchange Reactions
Authors: Banerjee Mainak , Karri Ramesh , Chalana Ashish , Das Ranajit , Rai Rakesh Kumar , Rawat Kuber Singh , Pathak Biswarup , Roy Gouriprasanna 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOrganomercurials, such as methylmercury (MeHg+), are among the most toxic materials to humans. Apart from inhibiting proteins, MeHg+ exerts its cytotoxicity through strong binding with endogenous thiols cysteine (CysH) and glutathione (GSH) to form MeHgCys and MeHgSG complexes. Herein, it is reported that the N,N‐disubstituted benzimidazole‐based thione 1 containing a N−CH2CH2OH substituent converts MeHgCys and MeHgSG complexes to less toxic water‐soluble HgS nanoparticles (NPs) and releases the corresponding free thiols CysH and GSH from MeHgCys and MeHgSG, respectively, in solution by unusual ligand‐exchange reactions in phosphate buffer at 37 °C. However, the corresponding N‐substituted benzimidazole‐based thione 7 and N,N‐disubstituted imidazole‐based thione 3, in spite of containing a N−CH2CH2OH substituent, failed to convert MeHgX (X=Cys, and SG) to HgS NPs under identical reaction conditions, which suggests that not only the N−CH2CH2OH moiety but the benzimidazole ring and N,N‐disubstitution in 1, which leads to the generation of a partial positive charge at the C2 atom of the benzimidazole ring in 1:1 MeHg‐conjugated complex of 1, are crucial to convert MeHgX to HgS NPs under physiologically relevant conditions.
Metal–Organic Framework Photosensitized TiO2 Co‐catalyst: A Facile Strategy to Achieve a High Efficiency Photocatalytic System
Authors: Xie Ming‐Hua , Shao Rong , Xi Xin‐Guo , Hou Gui‐Hua , Guan Rong‐Feng , Dong Peng‐Yu , Zhang Qin‐Fang , Yang Xiu‐Li 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA 3D metal–organic framework (ADA‐Cd=[Cd2L2(DMF)2]⋅3 H2O where H2L is (2E,2′E)‐3,3′‐(anthracene‐9,10‐diyl)diacrylic acid) constructed from diacrylate substituted anthracene, sharing structural characteristics with some frequently employed anthraquinone‐type dye sensitizers, was introduced as an effective sensitizer for anatase TiO2 to achieve enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance. A facile mechanical mixing procedure was adopted to prepare the co‐catalyst denoted as ADA‐Cd/TiO2, which showed enhanced photodegradation ability, as well as sustainability, towards several dyes under visible light irradiation. Mechanistic studies revealed that ADA‐Cd acted as the antenna to harvest visible light energy, generating excited electrons, which were injected to the conduction band (CB) of TiO2, facilitating the separation efficiency of charge carriers. As suggested by the results of control experiments, combined with the corresponding redox potential of possible oxidative species, .O2−, generated from the oxygen of ambient air at the CB of TiO2 was believed to play a dominant role over .OH and h+. UV/Vis and photoluminescence technologies were adopted to monitor the generation of .O2− and .OH, respectively. This work presents a facile strategy to achieve a visible light photocatalyst with enhanced catalytic activity and sustainability; the simplicity, efficiency, and stability of this strategy may provide a promising way to achieve environmental remediation.
Self‐Anticoking of a Cobalt Surface by Subsurface Oxygen in the Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Xu Lingshun , Jin Yuekang , Wu Zongfang , Xiong Feng , Huang Weixin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the fundamental processes taking place on Co surfaces during the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis is of great interest and importance. We herein report a self‐anticoking mechanism of a cobalt surface by subsurface oxygen. The active carbidic carbon species for FT synthesis tends to transform into the inactive graphitic carbon species on clean Co(0001) and poisons the Co surface. Subsurface atomic oxygen on Co(0001) can stabilize the active carbidic carbon species and quench the transformation process. These results reveal, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time the reactivity of various surface species on Co surfaces that dynamically maintain a delicate balance to enhance the long‐term stability of Co catalysts during FT synthesis.
Chemisorption of a Strained but Flexible Molecule: Cyclooctyne on Si(001)
Authors: Pecher Lisa , Schober Christoph , Tonner Ralf 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe adsorption characteristics of a promising system for hybrid organic–inorganic interfaces, cyclooctyne on Si(001), is analyzed using density functional theory. The chemisorbed ′on‐top′ configuration, where a cycloadduct is formed between the ring triple bond and a surface dimer, is shown to be most stable. Less stable are ′bridge′ and ′sublayer′ modes featuring two molecule‐surface bonds and the ′pedestal′ mode with four bonds. Investigations with our recently proposed periodic energy decomposition analysis (pEDA) reveal that the four‐bond configuration is destabilized by large deformation energies needed within molecule and surface as well as rather weak molecule–surface bonds. Dispersion interactions show significant influence on energy and structure of the configurations leading to an increased bending of the rather flexible molecules. Thus, features found in previous scanning tunneling microscopy experiments are conclusively explained with bent ′on‐top′ configurations and the ′pedestal′ mode can be ruled out. A comparison to acetylene shows that the ring structure and the resulting strain of cyclooctyne are responsible for an increased reactivity of the larger adsorbate due to a pre‐forming of the ring triple bond for surface bonding. In contrast, ring strain leads only to negligible electronic effects on the adsorbate–surface bonds. The computations highlight the need for in‐depth theoretical analysis to understand adsorption characteristics of large, flexible molecules.
Analysis of memristors with nonlinear memristance versus state maps
Authors: Biolek Zdeněk , Biolek Dalibor , Biolková Viera , Kolka Zdeněk , Ascoli Alon , Tetzlaff Ronald 
Published: January 2017

SummaryAccording to the axiomatic definition of the memristor from 1971, its properties are unambiguously determined by the memristance versus charge (or flux) map. The original model of the ‘HP memristor’ introduces this map via a linear function that represents this memristor as a variable resistor whose resistance is linearly dependent on the amount of charge flowing through. However, some analog applications require nonlinear, frequently exponential or logarithmic dependence of the resistance on an external controlling variable. The memristor with nonlinear memristance versus charge map is analyzed in the paper. The results are specified for the exponential type of this nonlinearity, which may be useful for future applications. Analytic formulae of the area of the pinched hysteresis loop of such a memristor are derived for harmonic excitation. It is also shown that the current flowing through such a memristor, which is driven by a voltage of arbitrary waveform, conforms to the Abel differential equation, and its closed‐form solution is found. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of psychotherapy treatment on outcome in bulimia nervosa: Examining indirect effects through emotion regulation, self‐directed behavior, and self‐discrepancy within the mediation model
Authors: Peterson Carol B. , Berg Kelly C. , Crosby Ross D. , Lavender Jason M. , Accurso Erin C. , Ciao Anna C. , Smith Tracey L. , Klein Marjorie , Mitchell James E. , Crow Scott J. , Wonderlich Stephen A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this investigation was to examine the indirect effects of Integrative Cognitive‐Affective Therapy (ICAT‐BN) and Cognitive‐Behavioral Therapy‐Enhanced (CBT‐E) on bulimia nervosa (BN) treatment outcome through three hypothesized maintenance variables: emotion regulation, self‐directed behavior, and self‐discrepancy.MethodEighty adults with BN were randomized to 21 sessions of ICAT‐BN or CBT‐E. A regression‐based bootstrapping approach was used to test the indirect effects of treatment on outcome at end of treatment through emotion regulation and self‐directed behavior measured at mid‐treatment, as well as the indirect effects of treatment at follow‐up through emotion regulation, self‐directed behavior, and self‐discrepancy measured at end of treatment.ResultsNo significant differences in outcome between treatment conditions were observed, and no significant direct or indirect effects were found. Examination of the individual paths within the indirect effects models revealed comparable treatment effects. Across treatments, improvements in emotion regulation and self‐directed behavior between baseline and mid‐treatment predicted improvements in global eating disorder scores but not binge eating and purging frequency at end of treatment. Baseline to end of treatment improvements in emotion regulation and self‐directed behavior also predicted improvements in global eating disorder scores at follow‐up. Baseline to end of treatment improvements in emotion regulation predicted improvements in binge eating and baseline to end of treatment increases in positive self‐directed behavior predicted improvements in purging at follow‐up.DiscussionThese findings suggest that emotion regulation and self‐directed behavior are important treatment targets and that ICAT‐BN and CBT‐E are comparable in modifying these psychological processes among individuals with BN.
Body checking behaviors in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Calugi Simona , El Ghoch Marwan , Dalle Grave Riccardo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe study aimed to assess the trajectories of change in body checking over time and the change in eating disorder and general psychopathology in patients with anorexia nervosa treated with inpatient enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT‐E). Sixty‐six adult patients with anorexia nervosa were recruited from consecutive referrals to a community‐based eating disorder clinic. Body mass index, Eating Disorder Examination, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ) scores were recorded at admission (T0), end of treatment (T1), and 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups (T2 and T3, respectively). The BCQ was also administered at a single time point to an age‐matched healthy female comparison participants group (N = 182). In comparison with comparison participants, patients had higher global BCQ scores at T0. However, mean patient scores for global BCQ administered at T1, T2, and T3 were significantly lower than that measured at baseline in the comparison participants group. The change in BCQ was significantly associated to short‐ and long‐term improvements in eating disorder and general psychopathology. The association between change in body checking and the trajectories of change of eating disorder psychopathology supports the potential usefulness of the CBT‐E strategy for reducing shape and weight concerns by addressing body checking.
Conservative whole‐organ scaling contrasts with highly labile suborgan scaling differences among compound eyes of closely related Formica ants
Authors: Perl Craig D. , Rossoni Sergio , Niven Jeremy E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractStatic allometries determine how organ size scales in relation to body mass. The extent to which these allometric relationships are free to evolve, and how they differ among closely related species, has been debated extensively and remains unclear; changes in intercept appear common, but changes in slope are far rarer. Here, we compare the scaling relationships that govern the structure of compound eyes of four closely related ant species from the genus Formica. Comparison among these species revealed changes in intercept but not slope in the allometric scaling relationships governing eye area, facet number, and mean facet diameter. Moreover, the scaling between facet diameter and number was conserved across all four species. In contrast, facet diameters from distinct regions of the compound eye differed in both intercept and slope within a single species and when comparing homologous regions among species. Thus, even when species are conservative in the scaling of whole organs, they can differ substantially in regional scaling within organs. This, at least partly, explains how species can produce organs that adhere to genus wide scaling relationships while still being able to invest differentially in particular regions of organs to produce specific features that match their ecology.
Ecological consequences of colony structure in dynamic ant nest networks
Authors: Ellis Samuel , Franks Daniel W. , Robinson Elva J. H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAccess to resources depends on an individual's position within the environment. This is particularly important to animals that invest heavily in nest construction, such as social insects. Many ant species have a polydomous nesting strategy: a single colony inhabits several spatially separated nests, often exchanging resources between the nests. Different nests in a polydomous colony potentially have differential access to resources, but the ecological consequences of this are unclear. In this study, we investigate how nest survival and budding in polydomous wood ant (Formica lugubris) colonies are affected by being part of a multi‐nest system. Using field data and novel analytical approaches combining survival models with dynamic network analysis, we show that the survival and budding of nests within a polydomous colony are affected by their position in the nest network structure. Specifically, we find that the flow of resources through a nest, which is based on its position within the wider nest network, determines a nest's likelihood of surviving and of founding new nests. Our results highlight how apparently disparate entities in a biological system can be integrated into a functional ecological unit. We also demonstrate how position within a dynamic network structure can have important ecological consequences.
Consistent DOF reduction of tall steel frames
Authors: Araki Yoshikazu , Ohno Masahito , Mukai Isoshi , Hashimoto Naoki 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis paper presents an energy‐consistent approach for reducing the number of degrees‐of‐freedom (DOFs) in tall steel frames. In the present approach, the moment resistance of beams and columns in each story is represented by the moment resistance of a rotational spring and a beam‐column element, respectively. The shear resistance provided by braces in each story is represented by the shear resistance of a shear spring. Furthermore, the resistance to the overturning moment provided by axial resistance of columns in each story is represented by the moment resistance of a rotational spring. These representations are carried out by achieving the equivalence between the strain energy stored and dissipated in the elements in the full (unreduced) DOF models and the strain energy stored and dissipated in the corresponding elements in the reduced DOF models. The accuracy of the present approach is demonstrated through numerical examples, which compare the results of nonlinear time history analyses obtained using the full and reduced DOF models. In the numerical examples, the response is estimated for 20‐story and 40‐story steel frames with and without buckling‐restraint braces subjected to a suite of near‐fault and far‐fault ground motions. The present approach is useful in estimating the response of tall steel frames having non‐regular member arrangements to a suite of intense ground motions including near‐fault ones, where it is crucial to capture the influence of higher mode effects on collapse mechanisms. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.