bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle in the Red River Valley, Grand Forks, Nd, 1993
Authors: Radcliffe Edward B. , Suranyi Robert A. , Samuelson Matthew P. , DiFonzo Christina D. , Longtine Craig A. , Kleven Tanya L. , Flanders Kathy L. , Hansen Roger A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 3 May at the Research Farm of the Red River Valley Potato Growers Association, Grand Forks, ND. Plots were 4 rows wide, 60 ft (18.3 m) long, with 38 in (97 cm) spacing between rows and 12 in (30 cm) between plants. Plots were separated on all sides by 6.3 ft (1.9 m) of cultivated soil. The field was divided into three experiments each consisting of a complete randomized plot design with 5 replications. Few Colorado potato beetle adults were found in our field before mid-June. Egg masses were flagged 23 Jun and checked daily. Nine percent egg hatch was estimated to have occurred on 1 Jul, but heavy rains and wet field conditions prevented first application of insecticidal sprays until 7 Jul. Subsequent spray applications were made on 14, 21 Jul, 11 and 18 Aug. The July sprays were targeted against first generation larvae, the August applications against second generation larvae. All applications were made using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer, with a single Teejet nozzle over each row. Sprays were applied in 40 gal of water/acre (150 liters/ha) at 40 psi (275 kPa). Control evaluations were made on 16, 28 Jul, 13 and 27 Aug. Because Colorado potato beetle population pressure was very low and not uniformly distributed across plants, we did not count larvae directly. Instead, we scored 20 plants per plot for small larvae (1st and 2nd instar) and large larvae (3rd and 4th instar), for each using a \-4 scale: 1 = 0 insects, 2 = 1-5 insects, 3 = 5-9 insects, 4 = 10 or more insects. Adults were counted on a per plant basis. Data were also collected 9 Jul, but these data are not presented because population pressure was very low and not uniform across plots. Defoliation data were not recorded as treatment differences were not evident. For purposes of analysis of data on larvae, we used mean scores across sampling dates. Tuber yields were estimated by mechanical harvesting one row per plot on 9 Sep or 20 Sep.
Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle with Exp60434A (Fipronil), 1991
Authors: Sewell Gary H. , Storch Richard H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was a randomized complete block design with six replicates and was planted on 16 May at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1990. The 3.0 m space between blocks and the 1.8 m space between the four-row plots were bare soil. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy whole seed (ca 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Early and late blight were controlled by three foliar applications of Dithane M-45 (80WP) (1.12 kg/ha on 18 and 26 Jul; 2 Aug) and Bravo 720 (840 g/ha on 9 and 23 Aug). Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, three nozzles per row at 6.3 kg/cm2 pressure and 0.94 kliter/ha. Numbers of larvae and adults were counted on 25 whole plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, beetle counts were made prior to application of insecticides. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of data using logH1(x + 1). Transformed means of the sum of larvae and adult beetles were compared using Fisher’s LSD test and then applied to the actual means. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 3.7, 1.9, and 21.7 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 17.1, 19.0 and 19.3 °C.
Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1993
Authors: Sewell Gary H. , Storch Richard H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiments were randomized complete block designs with six replicates each. The four experiments were planted between 17 and 21 May at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1992. The 3.0 m space between blocks and the 1.8 m space between the four-row plots were bare soil. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy whole seed (ca 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Early and late blight were controlled by seven foliar applications of a flowable maneb (4F) (2.3 to 3.5 liter/ha). Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, three nozzles per row at 6.3 kg/cm2 pressure and 0.94 kliter/ha. Numbers of larvae and adults were counted weekly on 25 whole plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, beetle counts were made prior to application of insecticides. In CPB-D yield was taken in the middle two rows of each plot. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of data using log10(x + 1). Transformed means of the sum of larvae and adult beetles were compared using Fisher’s LSD Test and then applied to the actual means. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 14.0, 5.0, and 7.6 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 16.0, 18.5 and 19.0 °C.
Potato Insect Control, 1993
Authors: Slocombe A. C. , Ferro D. N. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 5 May in South Deerfield, Massachusetts. Fertilizer (600 lbs ION: 1 OP: 1 OK/ acre) was banded into the furrow at planting. Soil type was a fine sandy loam with a pH of 5.6. Manzate (fungicide) was applied at 1 lb Al/acre on 24 Jun and 6 Jul. CPB densities on 15 Jun were 1.8 adults, 4.5 egg masses and 9.8 early instars per plant. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of two 30 ft. rows with a 6 ft. fallow area separating each plot. All samples were taken from the center plants in each plot. Treatments were applied with CO2-pressurized sprayers at 40 psi, delivering about 70 gal/acre. CPB population densities were determined by counting larvae on 5 whole stalks in each plot. The number of early instars (first and second) or late instars (third and fourth) were recorded. All treatments were first applied on 16 Jun, and again on 23 and 30 Jun, and 7 and 14 Jul.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Trigard, 1993
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental plots were established on the UI Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, Idaho. Potatoes were planted 11 May and irrigated by solid set sprinkler. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam. Three Trigard treatments, Asana as a commercial standard, and an untreated check plot were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Individual treatment plots were 2 rows (36 inch row spacing) wide by 25 ft long with 5 ft alleyways separating the plots. Applications were made as a broadcast spray using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer. Twenty gal of finished spray/acre applied (30 psi, four, 10X hollow cone nozzles) to all plots. Pretreatment counts of all beetle stages were made on 1 Jul and the first application at 10% egg hatch was made on 2 Jul. The second application was made 19 Jul. On a weekly basis, egg masses, small larvae (1—2 instar), large larvae (3—1 instar) and adult beetles were counted and percent defoliation estimates were made visually from whole plant inspections of the center five hills of both plot rows. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Newman- Keuls.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Admire (Imidacloprid), 1993
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental plots were established on the UI Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, Idaho. Potatoes were planted 11 May and irrigated by solid set sprinkler. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam. Three treatments and one untreated check plot were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Individual treatment plots were 4 rows (36 inch row spacing) wide by 25 ft long with 5 ft alleyways separating the plots. Three application methods of the emulsifiable concentrate (2EC) were tested at a single rate of 0.25 pounds active ingredient per acre. The first method was an in-furrow spray application over the seed piece at planting. The second method was a six inch banded spray over the row at planting and prior to bedding. The third application method was a shank application approximately three inches on either side of and two to three inches below the seed piece. The first and second application methods were made at planting on 7 May. Due to weather constraints application method three was made on 11 May. On a weekly basis, egg masses, small larvae (1-2 instar), large larvae (3—4 instar) and adult beetles were counted and percent defoliation estimates were made from whole plant inspections of the center five hills of the center two plot rows. Weekly counts of green peach aphids were made beginning on 7 Jul by examining six leaves from each plot. Plots were harvested on 21 Sept for yield and grade by taking a single 25 foot row from each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Newman-Keuls.
Pumpkins: SQUASH VINE BORER CONTROL, 1992:
Authors: Boucher J. , Adams R. , Nixon G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
SQUASH VINE BORER CONTROL, 1992: ‘Connecticut Field’ pumpkins were direct seeded 27 May 1992, in Storrs, Connecticut. Weed control consisted of the stale-seed-bed technique, using paraquat as a pre-plant spray, supplemented by hand and mechanical cultivation. Plots consisted of 12 plants in a single, 24 ft long row, with two ft between plants. Rows were spaced six ft apart. Six treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments consisted of an unsprayed control and applications of Ambush, Asana, Methoxychlor, Rotenone, and Thiodan on 10, 17, 23 Jul, and 2 Aug. The basal portions of the plants were treated by either spraying rows from the top and sides with a CO, backpack sprayer at 30 psi with 40 gallons of water per acre or using a hand-cranked duster. On 4 Sep, fruits from five plants from each treatment were counted and weighed, the vines were dissected, and the numbers of SVB larvae were recorded.
Influence of Bacillus Thuring1Ensis Products on the Tomato Pinworm in the Laboratory, Summer 1992
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Neonate larvae of the tomato pinworm were exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis products by two methods in the laboratory. In the first (postinfestation treatment), excised leaflets of tomato seedlings grown in a greenhouse were placed individually in plastic cups on a filter paper disc moistened with water and each was infested with five larvae. After 24 h, leaflets were dipped in water or preparations of the products, air-dried and returned to the cups. In the second method (pre-infestation treatment), excised leaflets were dipped as above. When the leaflets were dry, they were placed into cups and infested as above. Mortality was observed after 24, 48 and 72 h for both methods. After 6 days, surviving larvae were transferred to new, untreated leaflets. Additional untreated leaflets were added as needed. Mortality was observed daily until pupation and adult emergence. There were 26 and 33 replicates, respectively, for the first and second methods for determining mortality up to 72 h. There were 10 replicates for each method for all other measurements.
Control of Adult Sweetpotato Whitefly (SPWF) and Tomato Mottle Geminivirus (TMOV) Transmission on Staked Tomato, Spring, 1992
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Cawley B. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Raised beds 3 ft wide on 6 ft centers were fertilized with a bottom mix of 508 lbs/acre of 5-16-8 NPK and a top mix of 952 lbs/acre 19-0-30, fumigated with Vapam (37% metham-sodium) at the rate of 40 gal/acre, and covered immediately with black polyethylene 3 weeks prior to setting transplants at 20 inch spacing on 23 Mar. Plots were inoculated with TMoV by transplanting 2 infected plants into the center of each middle row. Plants were staked, tied and pruned of suckers 3 times and weekly maintenance sprays of Manzate 200 (1.5 lb/acre), Tri-basic Copper (3 lb/acre), Bravo (2 pts/acre), and Dipel (1 lb/acre), were applied to control diseases and lepidopterous pests. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 12 treatments and 4 replications. Plots were 26 ft long, 3 rows wide, separated at either end by a 4 ft buffer, and oriented 6 across and 2 deep in blocks running across the field from north to south. No significant block effects were observed. Bay NTN-33893 was applied only once with planting water as a drench. Weekly foliar applications began 24 Apr using a 3-row tractor-drawn sprayer fitted with 4 drop nozzles per row (3 sprays), or 6 drop nozzles per row (4 sprays) delivering 63.7 or 95.5 gpa respectively. Nozzles were equipped with Albuz ATR Red ceramic tips having an average output of 0.61 gal/min each at the 200 psi operating pressure. Mixture concentrations were adjusted to deliver the same amount of AI for each treatment throughout the trial. All water used for applications came from the same source and alkalinity was adjusted by adding 0.18 ml of concentrated H2S04 per gallon prior to adding trial material. The surfactant Triton B1956 was added to the tank mix of Azatin at the rate of 20 oz/100 gal. Adult SPWF were sampled with yellow sticky cards measuring 4 × 4 cm stapled back-to-back on a garden stake and placed 20 cm above soil level with card faces perpendicular to the row in a vertical plane in the center of the center row in each subplot for 24 h beginning 24 h post-treatment. Additional adult counts were made 24 h after applications by striking 5 randomly selected plants per subplot over a 31 × 20 cm teflonlined bake pan coated with a thin layer of vegetable oil and dish detergent, 16:1. Plots were inspected for TMoV and flagged a different color by date on a weekly basis for the duration of the trial.
Late Season Insect Control in Canola, 1993B
Authors: McCaffrey J. P. , Harmon B. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A large block was seeded on 7 in centers at 7 lb/acre using a plot drill on 11 May at the University of Idaho Plant Science Farm in Moscow, ID. Individual 12 × 23 ft plots were later tilled-out of the block. Insecticide treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications each. Treatments were applied on 28 Jul when about 10% of the plants were still in bloom. Temperatures at the time of spray application were 80°F. Insecticides were applied using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer equipped with 80° fan nozzles on a 6-ft boom that delivered 20 gal/acre at 20 psi. Pretreatment and posttreatment counts of DBM were made by dislodging larvae into a 5 gal plastic bucket with a beat of the hand at each end of the plot. The proportion of aphid-infested canola terminals was assessed by randomly selecting 50 terminals in each plot and recording the presence or absence of aphids. Plot yields were obtained by making one pass along the center of each plot with a smallplot combine (4.6 ft header). Seed was cleaned and weighed. All data were subjected to analysis of variance and protected LSD tests.
Postemergence Insecticide Applications to Control Corn Rootworm and First Generation European Corn Borer, 1993
Authors: Jarvi Keith J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Corn was planted on 15 May with a John Deere MaxEmerge set at 30 inch row spacing in a silty clay loam soil with a pH of 6.5. A RCBD with 4 replications was used; individual treatments were 4 rows by 50 ft. Liquid treatments were applied with a 4 row backpack sprayer calibrated to apply 14.25 gal/acre at 25 lb psi. Banded treatments were applied in a 15 inch band with a single row wand. Granules were applied with a cone belt applicator attached to a bicycle wheel applicator. The 1 st application on 22 Jun was timed for rootworm egg hatch. The 2nd application on 7 Jul was timed for first generation ECB control. Incorporated treatments were hand raked immediately after application except for Counter 15G applied 6 Jul which was machine cultivated immediately after application. The corn rootworm infestation was natural. European corn borers were artificially infested by placing 3 blackheaded egg masses in the whorl of 10 consecutive plants within the 3rd row of the plot on 1 Jul. Because of a shortage of egg masses, only 3 replications were infested with corn borers. Rainfall conditions were ideal for incorporation and activation of insecticides. Plots were evaluated for damage from corn rootworm on 26 Jul by digging 5 randomly-selected plants from the 2nd row of each treatment, washing the roots and rating feeding damage on the Iowa 1-6 scale. Plots were evaluated for damage from first generation European corn borer by splitting the 10 artificially infested plants and counting cavities on 6 Aug.
Biological Control of the Western Corn Rootworm Using Steinernematid Nematodes, 1993
Authors: Journey A. M. , Ostlie K. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of Steinernema riobravis and Steinernema carpocapsae, All strain, as biological control agents for WCR was evaluated on a Waukegan silt loam soil at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount. Experimental plots, consisting of 36 plants in 3 rows of 12 (30-inch row spacing, planted 14 May) were infested on 11 Jun with 700 WCR eggs/row-ft. Most plants had reached the 2-leaf stage when infested. The experiment used a randomized complete block design, with 4 rates of S. carpocapsae (104, 105, 10", and 107 nematodes/row-ft), 4 rates of S. riobravis (103, 104, 10\ and 10" nematodes/row-ft) and an agar control, replicated 5 times. Nematodes (BioVector®) were applied when the rootworm population had reached its early 3rd instar (19 Jul). Twelve ml of 0.15% agar nematode suspension were applied around the base of each treated plant with a 35 ml syringe. Despite an extremely wet summer, dry weather in the week preceding nematode application resulted in insufficient near-surface soil moisture for nematode movement. The plots were watered before application until evenly moist to a depth of 10 cm. On 29 Jul, 4 emergence cages, each covering 2 plants, were installed per plot. Beetles were collected every 10 days until 1 Oct. Ten roots per plot were dug, washed, and rated using the Iowa 1-6 root injury scale on 14 Sep.
Rose Leafhopper Control, 1993
Authors: Lou Day Merry , Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in 3 mini blocks, each Vi acre, of 15-yr-old trees on MM 111, which measured 14.6 ft. in height and 13.4 ft. in width and were planted at a spacing of 20 × 20 ft. The experimental design consisted of six single-tree replications per treatment, with two replications per mini-block in a randomized block design. Each replicate was surrounded by one unsprayed tree on each side. Insecticides were applied on 30 Jun with a Swanson DA500 airblast sprayer, traveling at 2.4 mph and delivering 100 gpa. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Captan and Topsin-M. Rose leafhopper control was evaluated by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 randomly selected leaves per tree.
Control of European Corn Borer on Whorl Stage Corn in West Central Nebraska, 1992
Authors: Seymour R. C. , Campbell J. B. , Wright R. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Various pesticides were applied to whorl stage (stage 2) field corn on 26 Jun. Treatments were applied over the whorl of the plant with insecticide boxes mounted on a tool bar. Each treatment was applied to 3 × 10 m plots and was replicated 4 times in a split plot design. Insecticide treatments were designated as whole plot treatments, infestation method (artificial and natural) was designated as the split plot treatments. A total of =40 first instar ECB larvae were applied to 4 randomly selected plants within each plot. These larvae were applied on corn cob grit to the whorl of the plant 1 day prior to pesticide application. To evaluate control of ECB larvae, 4 artificially ECB infested and 4 randomly selected corn plants were collected from each plot 4 wk post application. Each stalk was split from root to tassel and the number of ECB larval cavities were counted. In addition to this evaluation method, 25 consecutive plants within 1 row of each plot were evaluated for the presence of ECB feeding damage. Finally, 4 randomly selected plants were marked and evaluated at 10, 17, 24, 32 and 46 DAT for the presence of spider mites and arthropod predators.
Control of Western Corn Rootworm Larvae in West Central Nebraska, 1993
Authors: Seymour R. C. , Campbell J. B. , Wright R. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to suppress larval rootworm populations in 2 fields in westcentral NE. Both fields were located at the University of Nebraska West Central Research and Extension Center and were composed of Cozad silt loam soils. Hybrid field corn was ridge-planted in Field 1 with a John Deere Max-emerge planter, to a non-tilled seed bed on 20 May. At the time of planting, soil moisture was adequate for germination and the soil temperature was about 18° C. Several insecticides were applied at planting to a single row 145 m in length with insecticide boxes attached to the planter. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCBD. T-band applications were made by applying a 7 inch band of insecticide in front of the press wheel. In-furrow applications were made by applying insecticide directly into the seed furrow. Field 2 was ridge-planted to ‘BoJac 520’ and ‘BoJac x438’ hybrid field corn with a John Deere Max-emerge planter, in a non-tilled seed bed on 6 May. At the time of planting, soil moisture was adequate for germination and the soil temperature was about 13° C. With the exception of 4 field length strips, 12 rows in width, Lorsban 15G was applied at planting with insecticide boxes on the planter at a rate of 836 g (AI)/ha. Granular and liquid insecticides were applied to untreated strips in Field 2 immediately prior to cultivation on 25 Jun. The corn plants were in the early whorl stage (growth stage 2) of development at the time of application. The granular treatments were applied over the whorl of the plants, on 10 m of a single row, with insecticide boxes attached to a tool bar. Furadan 4F was applied to 10 × 4 m plots in Field 2 either broadcast or in 7 inch bands to the base of the plants. All liquid treatments were applied in a total volume of 120 liters/ha at 206,786 Pa (30 psi). All treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a RCBD. Two blocks of treatments were applied to ‘BoJac 520’ hybrid field corn plants and 2 blocks of treatments were applied to ‘BoJac X438’ hybrid field corn plants. Treatments in both fields were evaluated 22 Jul by rating washed roots, using the 1-6 Iowa Root Damage Rating Scale, of 4 plants from each replicate. Data from each field were analyzed separately with analysis of variance and an LSD test was used for mean separation.
Soil Insecticides for Insect Control in Field Corn, Painter, Va 1993
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Field corn was planted no-till on 7 May at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Experiment Station, Painter, VA. Treatments were applied pre-planting in the manner indicated in the table. Each plot consisted of four 25 ft rows bordered on each side by an untreated guard row. Plant spacing was 30 inches between rows with 9-10 inches between plants. Stand counts averaged 36 plants per 25 ft row on 28 May. The number of damaged whorls was counted in the 2 center rows (50 ft total) of each plot on 4 Jun and the number of damaged (stunted or twisted) stalks was counted in the 2 center rows (50 ft total) of each plot on 23 Jun.