bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulations of the 2013 Alberta Flood: Dynamics, Thermodynamics, and the Role of Orography
Authors: Milrad Shawn M. , Lombardo Kelly , Atallah Eyad H. , Gyakum John R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe 19–21 June 2013 Alberta flood was the second costliest ($6 billion CAD) natural disaster in Canadian history, trailing only the 2016 Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, wildfires. One of the primary drivers was an extreme rainfall event that resulted in 75–150 mm of precipitation in the foothills west of Calgary, Canada. Here, the mesoscale dynamics and thermodynamics that contributed to the extreme rainfall event are elucidated through high-resolution numerical model simulations. In addition, terrain reduction model sensitivity experiments using Gaussian smoothing techniques quantify the importance of orography in producing the extreme rainfall event. It is suggested that the extreme rainfall event was initially characterized by the formation of a surface cyclone on the eastern side of the Canadian Rockies due to quasigeostrophic (QG) mechanisms. Orographic processes and diabatic heating feedbacks maintained the surface cyclone throughout the event, extending the duration of both easterly upslope flow and QG forcing for ascent in the flood region. The long-duration ascent and associated condensational heat release in the flood region vertically redistributed potential vorticity, anchoring and further extending the duration of the surface cyclone, upslope flow, and the rainfall. Although the magnitudes of ascent and precipitation were smaller in 10% and 25% reduced terrain simulations, only a terrain reduction of greater than 25% drastically altered the location and magnitude of the heaviest precipitation and the associated physical mechanisms.
Estimation of elevator passenger traffic based on the most likely elevator trip origin-destination matrices
Authors: Malapert Arnaud , Kuusinen Juha-Matti 
Published: April 2017

We present a constraint programming formulation for the elevator trip origin-destination matrix estimation problem using a lexicographic bi-criteria optimization method where least squares minimization is applied to the measured counts and the minimum information or the maximum entropy approach to the whole matrix. An elevator trip consists of successive stops in one direction of travel with passengers inside the elevator. It can be defined as a directed network, where the nodes correspond to the stops on the trip and the arcs to the possible origins and destinations of the passengers. The goal is to estimate the most likely counts of passengers for the origin-destination pairs of every elevator trip occurring in a building that are consistent with the measured boarding and alighting counts and any prior information about the trip matrix. These counts are used to make passenger traffic forecasts which, in turn, are used in elevator dispatching to reduce uncertainties related to future passengers and therefore to improve passenger service level. Artificial test data was obtained by simulations of lunch hour traffic in a typical multi-story office building. This resulted in complex problem instances that enable robust performance and quality testing. The results show that the proposed approach outperforms previous alternatives in terms of quality, and can take an advantage of prior information. In addition, the proposed approach satisfies real time elevator group control requirements for estimating elevator trip origin-destination matrices. Practical application: The elevator trip origin-destination matrix estimation problem is important since it makes it possible to obtain complete information and statistics about the elevator passenger traffic. The statistics can be used to model future passengers which, when taken into account in the elevator group control, helps to improve passenger service level. Simulation experiments show that most of the problems occurring in reality can be solved within a reasonable time considering a real application, and the solving algorithms are relatively easy to implement using available constraint programming tools. Hence, this work is undoubtedly of interest to the building and elevator industry.
Framing diabetes public health information during Ramadan – a newspaper content analysis
Authors: Wilbur Kerry , Berzou Souad , Meeds Robert 
Published: April 2017

Objective To evaluate health-related messages in printed media pertaining to diabetes care in Qatar during Ramadan. Methods Qatar national newspapers (Arabic and/or English) published 6 weeks prior to and 4 weeks during Ramadan 2012 were reviewed. Health-related content was identified and characterized according to four different categories including presence of messages pertaining to both diabetes and Ramadan. Articles describing diabetes and Ramadan combined were further evaluated according to specific features of prominence (surrogates for perceived reader importance). Newspapers were grouped by language, and volume and content of coverage were compared between groups. Results A total of 1 467 newspaper issues published during the 2012 review period (781 in Arabic and 686 in English) were analysed. Health-related articles appeared consistently throughout the study period, but few were specifically diabetes-related (66/1095 [6%] Arabic articles versus 34/1250 [2.7%] English articles; P = 0.008). Only 34/1095 (3.1%) Arabic and 23/1 250 (1.8%) English ( P = 0.05) articles pertaining specifically to diabetes management during Ramadan were published. Twenty/34 (59%, Arabic) and 6/23 (26%, English) were published in high prominence positions. Conclusions Opportunity exists to augment the relatively low coverage of diabetes health-related messages in print media during Ramadan.
Sevoflurane at 1.0 MAC together with remifentanil and propofol produces clinically acceptable intubation conditions at the vocal cords: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Ovari Attila , Bicker Ilona , Machmueller Susann , Schuldt Tobias , Sauer Martin , Soltesz Stefan , Noeldge-Schomburg Gabriele , Mlynski Robert , Mencke Thomas 
Published: April 2017

Objective The overall intubation conditions after tracheal intubation with remifentanil, propofol, and sevoflurane at 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) are worse than with rocuronium at 0.45 mg/kg. Therefore, we compared the intubation conditions and laryngeal morbidity (vocal cord injuries, hoarseness, and sore throat) with sevoflurane at 1.2 and 1.4 MAC versus 1.0 MAC. Methods In this prospective clinical trial, 90 patients were randomized to 3 groups: the sevoflurane 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 MAC groups. At 3 min, tracheal intubation was performed and the patients’ intubation conditions were assessed. The vocal cords were examined for injury by videolaryngoscopy. Additionally, the incidence and severity of laryngeal morbidity were compared between women and men. Results Acceptable intubation conditions were seen in 72% of the patients without significant differences between the groups. Overall, vocal cord injuries (oedema) occurred in three (4%) patients. Women reported sore throat more often than men (51% vs. 21%, respectively). Conclusions Intubation conditions were not improved with higher sevoflurane concentrations. The incidence and severity of sore throat were greater in women than men. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.Gov: NCT 01896245
Surgical site infection prevention: An analysis of compliance with good practice in a teaching hospital
Authors: de Oliveira Adriana Cristina , Sarmento Gama Camila 
Published: April 2017

Background: Surgical teams play a critical role in reducing surgery-related risks during preoperative and intraoperative phases. Aim: To analyse the preoperative and intraoperative practices adopted by surgical teams in surgical site infections prevention. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted during April–September 2013 in a large university hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It was conducted through observation of the surgical practice during preoperative and intraoperative phases of procedures used by a gastroenterological, cardiovascular and paediatric surgical team. Results: A total of 100 surgeries were monitored. Hair removal was performed for 20% of the patients inside the operating room by professionals using clippers in 65% of operations. The antimicrobial agent of choice was appropriate/satisfactory in 62% of the operations and administered up to 60 min before surgical incision in 90.3% of the cases. The operating room door was kept closed in 4% of these procedures. Discussion: Some preoperative measures for surgical site infection prevention were not adhered to by the professionals who were monitored in this study. It is recommended that surgical teams undergo professional surveillance and training to highlight the necessity and importance of implementing measures to improve the quality of care provided to surgical patients.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Older Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Using Multiple Daily Injections of Insulin: Results From the DIAMOND Trial
Authors: Ruedy Katrina J. , Parkin Christopher G. , Riddlesworth Tonya D. , Graham Claudia 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objective was to determine the effectiveness of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in adults ≥ 60 years of age with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 (T2D) diabetes using multiple daily insulin injections (MDI). Methods: A multicenter, randomized trial was conducted in the United States and Canada in which 116 individuals ≥60 years (mean 67 ± 5 years) with T1D (n = 34) or T2D (n = 82) using MDI therapy were randomly assigned to either CGM (Dexcom™ G4 Platinum CGM System® with software 505; n = 63) or continued management with self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG; n = 53). Median diabetes duration was 21 (14, 30) years and mean baseline HbA1c was 8.5 ± 0.6%. The primary outcome, HbA1c at 24 weeks, was obtained for 114 (98%) participants. Results: HbA1c reduction from baseline to 24 weeks was greater in the CGM group than Control group (−0.9 ± 0.7% versus −0.5 ± 0.7%, adjusted difference in mean change was −0.4 ± 0.1%, P < .001). CGM-measured time >250 mg/dL ( P = .006) and glycemic variability ( P = .02) were lower in the CGM group. Among the 61 in the CGM group completing the trial, 97% used CGM ≥ 6 days/week in month 6. There were no severe hypoglycemic or diabetic ketoacidosis events in either group. Conclusion: In adults ≥ 60 years of age with T1D and T2D using MDI, CGM use was high and associated with improved HbA1c and reduced glycemic variability. Therefore, CGM should be considered for older adults with diabetes using MDI.
Fluid resuscitation with lactated Ringer’s solution vs normal saline in acute pancreatitis: A triple-blind, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: de-Madaria Enrique , Herrera-Marante Iván , González-Camacho Verónica , Bonjoch Laia , Quesada-Vázquez Noé , Almenta-Saavedra Isabel , Miralles-Maciá Cayetano , Acevedo-Piedra Nelly G , Roger-Ibáñez Manuela , Sánchez-Marin Claudia , Osuna-Ligero Rosa , Gracia Ángel , Llorens Pere , Zapater Pedro , Singh Vikesh K , Moreu-Martín Rocío , Closa Daniel 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundLittle is known regarding the optimal type of fluid resuscitation in acute pancreatitis (AP).ObjectiveThe objective of this article was to compare the effect of lactated Ringer’s solution (LR) vs normal saline (NS) in the inflammatory response in AP.MethodsWe conducted a triple-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Patients ≥ 18 admitted with AP were eligible. Patients were randomized to receive LR or NS. Primary outcome variables were number of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours and blood C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at 48 hours and 72 hours. In vitro complementary experiments were performed to further explore the interaction between pH, lactate and inflammation.ResultsNineteen patients receiving LR and 21 receiving NS were analyzed. The median (p25–p75) number of SIRS criteria at 48 hours were 1 (1–2) for NS vs 1 (0–1) for LR, p = 0.060. CRP levels (mg/l) were as follows: at 48 hours NS 166 (78–281) vs LR 28 (3–124), p = 0.037; at 72 hours NS 217 (59–323) vs LR 25 (3–169), p = 0.043. In vitro, LR inhibited the induction of inflammatory phenotype of macrophages and NF-κB activation. This effect was not observed when using Ringer’s solution without lactate, suggesting a direct anti-inflammatory effect of lactate.ConclusionsLactated Ringer’s is associated with an anti-inflammatory effect in patients with acute pancreatitis.
Maxillofacial prosthodontics practice profile: A survey of non-United States prosthodontists
Authors: Ariani Nina , Reintsema Harry , Ward Kathleen , Sukotjo Cortino , Wee Alvin G. 
Published: April 2017

Background This study surveyed non-United States maxillofacial prosthodontists (MFP) to determine their practice profile and rationale for pursuing an MFP career. Methods Email addresses for the MFP were obtained from the International Society for Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, American Academy of Maxillofacial Prosthetics, and International Academy for Oral Facial Rehabilitation. Emails with a link to the electronic survey program were sent to each participant. Chi-square and Mann–Whitney-U tests were used to investigate the influence of formal MFP training on professional activities and type of treatments provided. Results One hundred twelve respondents (response rate 39%) from 33 nationalities returned the survey. The top three reasons for pursuing an MFP career were personal satisfaction, prosthodontics residency exposure, and mentorship. The predominant employment setting was affiliation with a university (77%). There were significant differences between respondents with and without formal MFP training regarding provision of surgical treatments ( P = 0.021) and dental oncology ( P = 0.017). Most treatments were done together with otolaryngology, oral surgery (68%) and head and neck surgery (61%). Practitioners not affiliated with a university spent significantly more time in clinical practice ( P = 0.002), whereas respondents affiliated with universities spent significantly more time in teaching/training ( P = 0.008) and funded research ( P = 0.015). Conclusions Personal satisfaction is the most important factor in a decision to choose an MFP career. Most of the MFPs work at a university and within a multidisciplinary setting. There were differences regarding type of treatments provided by respondents with and without formal MFP training.
Streamer depth versus vessel and seismic interference noise
Authors: Dao Toan , Landrø Martin 
Published: April 2017

For marine seismic surveying, it is commonly assumed that the noise level decreases with depth. In addition, recent advances in broadband seismic have shown that a greater receiver depth is beneficial in preserving low-frequency data. However, in a heavily trafficked ocean, noise from other ships, including seismic interference, is a counteractive process in which the noise actually varies with depth. Normal modes can be used to explain and predict the ship noise and seismic interference noise level. We find that weather noise is dominant below the first mode’s cutoff frequency (approximately 6 Hz), ship noise is dominant from that frequency to the upper end of the useful seismic frequency band (80 Hz). We have used a data set in which the streamer was towed at 8, 45, and 60 m depths in three passes over the same area in the North Sea. The water depth is 135 m on average. We observe that the noise level at 45 and 60 m depth is approximately 1.6 times stronger than that at 8 m. We find that the air-gun energy is up to 46 dB stronger than the noise from the seismic vessel. However, the total noise from all the ships within several hundred kilometers radius can reduce the data quality.
Pooled Analysis of the Prognostic and Predictive Effects of TP53 Comutation Status Combined With KRAS or EGFR Mutation in Early-Stage Resected Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Four Trials of Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Shepherd Frances A. , Lacas Benjamin , Le Teuff Gwénaël , Hainaut Pierre , Jänne Pasi A. , Pignon Jean-Pierre , Le Chevalier Thierry , Seymour Lesley , Douillard Jean-Yves , Graziano Stephen , Brambilla Elizabeth , Pirker Robert , Filipits Martin , Kratzke Robert , Soria Jean-Charles , Tsao Ming-Sound ,   on behalf of the LACE-Bio Collaborative Group
Published: April 2017

Purpose Our previous work evaluated individual prognostic and predictive roles of TP53, KRAS, and EGFR in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this analysis, we explore the prognostic and predictive roles of TP53/KRAS and TP53/EGFR comutations in randomized trials of adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation. Patients and Methods Mutation analyses (wild-type [WT] and mutant) for TP53, KRAS, and EGFR were determined in blinded fashion in multiple laboratories. Primary and secondary end points of pooled analysis were overall survival and disease-free survival. We evaluated the role of TP53/KRAS comutation in all patients and in the adenocarcinoma subgroup as well as the TP53/EGFR comutation in adenocarcinoma only through a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model stratified by trial. Results Of 3,533 patients with NSCLC, 1,181 (557 deaths) and 404 (170 deaths) were used for TP53/KRAS and TP53/EGFR analyses. For TP53/KRAS mutation status, no prognostic effect was observed ( P = .61), whereas a borderline predictive effect ( P = .04) was observed with a deleterious effect of chemotherapy with TP53/KRAS comutations versus WT/WT (hazard ratio, 2.49 [95% CI, 1.10 to 5.64]; P = .03). TP53/EGFR comutation in adenocarcinoma was neither prognostic ( P = .83), nor significantly predictive ( P = .86). Similar results were observed for both groups for disease-free survival. Conclusion We could identify no prognostic effect of the KRAS or EGFR driver and TP53 tumor suppressor comutation. Our observation of a potential negative predictive effect of TP53/KRAS comutation requires validation.
Comparison of Postoperative Respiratory Monitoring by Acoustic and Transthoracic Impedance Technologies in Pediatric Patients at Risk of Respiratory Depression
Authors: Patino Mario , Kalin Megan , Griffin Allison , Minhajuddin Abu , Ding Lili , Williams Timothy , Ishman Stacey , Mahmoud Mohamed , Kurth C. Dean , Szmuk Peter 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND:In children, postoperative respiratory rate (RR) monitoring by transthoracic impedance (TI), capnography, and manual counting has limitations. The rainbow acoustic monitor (RAM) measures continuous RR noninvasively by a different methodology. Our primary aim was to compare the degree of agreement and accuracy of RR measurements as determined by RAM and TI to that of manual counting. Secondary aims include tolerance and analysis of alarm events.METHODS:Sixty-two children (2–16 years old) were admitted after tonsillectomy or receiving postoperative patient/parental-controlled analgesia. RR was measured at regular intervals by RAM, TI, and manual count. Each TI or RAM alarm resulted in a clinical evaluation to categorize as a true or false alarm. To assess accuracy and degree of agreement of RR measured by RAM or TI compared with manual counting, a Bland–Altman analysis was utilized showing the average difference and the limits of agreement. Sensitivity and specificity of RR alarms by TI and RAM are presented.RESULTS:Fifty-eight posttonsillectomy children and 4 patient/parental-controlled analgesia users aged 6.5 ± 3.4 years and weighting 35.3 ± 22.7 kg (body mass index percentile 76.6 ± 30.8) were included. The average monitoring time per patient was 15.9 ± 4.8 hours. RAM was tolerated 87% of the total monitoring time. The manual RR count was significantly different from TI (P= .007) with an average difference ± SD of 1.39 ± 10.6 but were not significantly different from RAM (P= .81) with an average difference ± SD of 0.17 ± 6.8. The proportion of time when RR measurements differed by ≥4 breaths was 22% by TI and was 11% by RAM. Overall, 276 alarms were detected (mean alarms/patient = 4.5). The mean number of alarms per patient were 1.58 ± 2.49 and 2.87 ± 4.32 for RAM and TI, respectively. The mean number of false alarms was 0.18 ± 0.71 for RAM and 1.00 ± 2.78 for TI. The RAM was found to have 46.6% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29–0.64), 95.9% specificity (95% CI, 0.90–1.00), 88.9% positive predictive value (95% CI, 0.73–1.00), and 72.1% negative predictive value (95% CI, 0.61–0.84), whereas the TI monitor had 68.5% sensitivity (95% CI, 0.53–0.84), 72.0% specificity (95% CI, 0.60–0.84), 59.0% positive (95% CI, 0.44–0.74), and 79.5% negative predictive value (95% CI, 0.69–0.90).CONCLUSIONS:In children at risk of postoperative respiratory depression, RR assessment by RAM was not different to manual counting. RAM was well tolerated, had a lower incidence of false alarms, and had better specificity and positive predictive value than TI. Rigorous evaluation of the negative predictive value is essential to determine the role of postoperative respiratory monitoring with RAM.
Dictatorial Rule and Sexual Politics in Argentina: The Case of the Frente de Liberación Homosexual, 1967–1976
Authors: Ben Pablo , Insausti Santiago Joaquin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The Frente de Liberación Homosexual (FLH, 1967–1976) was the first political movement of homosexual men in Argentina. Despite its short life span, this organization set the ground for future developments. The FLH emerged in the context of increasing authoritarianism rather than being the result of a transition to democracy. The relationship with homophobic Peronists and left-wing traditions was, paradoxically, crucial for the emergence of the FLH. Most homosexual activists came from the Left, and they understood homosexual liberation as one aspect of the struggle against capitalism. These activists were highly critical of anticapitalist politics as it existed in Argentina at the time, but they also actively sought to become allies of the expanding New Left during the period. Eventually, however, the 1976–1983 military dictatorship made all forms of dissidence impossible, and the FLH had to dissolve.
Paneth cell disruption-induced necrotizing enterocolitis requires live bacteria and occurs independent of TLR4 signaling
Authors: White Jessica R. , Gong Huiyu , Pope Brock , Schlievert Patrick , McElroy Steven J. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Both human surgical specimens and animal models suggest a potential involvement of Paneth cells in NEC pathogenesis. Paneth cells play critical roles in epithelial homeostasis, innate immunity, and host-microbial interactions. Yet, the complex interplay between Paneth cell disruption, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and microbial-driven inflammation remains unclear in the immature intestine.DesignMucosal intestinal injury consistent with human NEC was induced in P14-16 mice by disrupting Paneth cells, followed by gavage of Klebsiella pneumonia. Mucosal injury was determined by histology, serum cytokine levels, and epithelial barrier dysfunction. TLR4 activation was examined using protein expression, gene expression, and TLR4−/- mice. Finally, the role of bacteria was evaluated using heat-killed bacteria, conditioned media, Bacillus cereus, and cecal slurries.ResultsLive bacteria were required to induce injury, however TLR4 activation was not required. Paneth cell disruption-induced NEC induces altered localization of tight junction proteins and subsequent loss of barrier function.ConclusionsPrior research has shown a requirement of TLR4 activation to induce NEC-like damage. However, many infants develop NEC in the absence of Gram negative rod bacteremia raising the question of alternate pathways to intestinal injury. In this data, we show a novel mechanism for development of intestinal injury equivalent to that seen in human NEC and is not dependent on TLR4 pathways. These data are congruent with the new hypothesis that NEC may be the consequence of several disease processes ending in a final common inflammatory pathway.