bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interdisciplinary use of blogs and online communities in teacher education
Authors: Caldwell Helen , Heaton Rebecca 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– Online learning is developing rapidly in higher education. As a result, in the Initial Teacher Education Division at The University of Northampton, UK, academics have experimented with methods to embed blogs and online communities into courses to enhance learning for staff and students. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper critically analyses the approach used to examine media-rich multimodal content that was shared through these tools.

Findings
– The paper models how blogs and communities have enhanced interdisciplinary subject teaching, staff development and student engagement. This is achieved by sharing case studies from the courses which model the strengths and limitations of practices adopted.

Originality/value
– Focused discussion demonstrates how reflexivity, communities of practice and experimentation with technological teaching strategies fuel the learning that occurred.
Integration between RCM and RAM: a case study
Authors: De Sanctis Ilaria , Paciarotti Claudia , Di Giovine Oreste 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a practical method of performing maintenance in the offshore industry where engineers have to manage problems such as the high cost of operations, assuring an high availability of the plant, safety on board and environmental protection. Indeed an efficient maintenance method it is necessary in order to offer methods and criteria to select the rights maintenance strategies keeping in to account the environmental, safety and production constrains.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper provides an overview of reliability centered maintenance (RCM) and reliability, availability, maintainability methodologies and an integration of the two methodologies in a particular case study in the oil and gas sector.

Findings
– This paper suggests an improvement of the well-established RCM methodology applicable to industries with high priority level. It is proposed an integration between a reliability analysis and an availability analysis and an application on the offshore oil and gas industry.

Practical implications
– The methodology provides an excellent tool that can be utilized in industries, where safety, regulations and the availability of the plant play a fundamental role.

Originality/value
– The proposed methodology provides a practical method for selecting the best maintenance strategy considering the equipment redundancy and sparing, the asset’s performance over long time scales, and the system uptime, downtime and slowdowns.
Pharmacological rescue of hERG currents carried out by G604S and wide type hERG co‐expression
Authors: Huo Jianhua , Zhang Aifeng , Guo Xueyan , Qiang Hua , Liu Ping , Bai Ling , Ma Aiqun 
Published: May 2016

SummaryMutations in human ether‐a‐go‐go‐related gene (hERG) can lead to type 2 long‐QT syndrome (LQT2). The authors previously identified the hERG mutation G604S results in a loss of function and obviously decreased current amplitude and impaired channel protein trafficking when co‐expressed with WT‐hERG. The present study further investigates the biological and electrophysiological consequences of pharmacologic chaperones in HEK293 cells expressing G604S‐hERG or co‐expressing G604S‐hERG and WT‐hERG. It was found that a low temperature (27°C), thapsigargin, NS1643 and E‐4031 fail to rescue the G604S mutation. Interestingly, only E‐4031 treatment resulted in a significant increase in hERG currents in cells co‐expressing G604S‐hERG and WT‐hERG, correspondingly more mature protein band at 155 kDa by Western blotting and an increased membrane staining by confocal microscopy. In addition, E‐4031 treatment shifted the steady‐state half maximal activation voltage (V1/2) of the inactivation curve by +8 mV in cells co‐expressing G604S‐hERG and WT‐hERG. The present experimental results suggest that a G604S mutation is resistant to pharmacological rescue. E‐4031 treatment resulted in a significant increase in hERG currents by promoting the hERG channel processing and trafficking in cells co‐expressing G604S‐hERG and WT‐hERG.
Association between variants in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes and smoking cessation in a Chinese rural population
Authors: Wang Qiang , Li Suyun , Pan Lulu , Li Huijie , Yang Xiaorong , Jiang Fan , Zhang Nan , Han Mingkui , Jia Chongqi 
Published: May 2016

Background and ObjectivesGenetic studies have revealed a significant association between variants in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRN) genes and smoking cessation, but the results are inconsistent. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven CHRN genes and smoking cessation in a Chinese rural population.MethodsParticipants were recruited from 17 villages of 3 counties in Shandong, China. DNA was extracted from the blood samples. Thirty‐two SNPs in seven CHRN genes were genotyped. Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between single SNP and smoking cessation. Pearson's χ2 test was performed to test the association between haplotype and smoking cessation.ResultsRs578776 (in CHRNA3), rs660652 (in CHRNA3), and rs588765 (in CHRNA5) were significantly related to smoking cessation. Two haplotypes were associated with smoking cessation.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the association between CHRN genes and smoking cessation in the Chinese rural population.Scientific SignificanceOur findings provide confirmatory support to the role of CHRN genes to the etiology of smoking cessation in the Chinese rural population. (Am J Addict 2016;25:297–300)
Interactive Analysis of Connolly Surfaces for Various Probes
Authors: Manak M. , Jirkovsky L. , Kolingerova I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Connolly surface defines the boundary between a molecular structure and its environment. Its shape depends on the radius of the probe used to inspect the structure. The exploration of surface features is of great interest among chemists because it helps them to better understand and describe processes in the molecular structure. To help chemists better explore these features, we have combined two things together: a fast extraction of Connolly surfaces from a Voronoi diagram of atoms and a fast visualization based on GPU ray casting. Not only the surface but also the volume description is provided by the diagram. This enables to distinguish surface cavities one from another and compute their properties, e.g. the approximate volume, the maximal filling sphere or the maximal probe that can escape from the cavity to the outer environment. Cavities can be filtered out by applying restrictions to these properties. Views behind the surface and surface clipping improve the perception of the complex internal structure. The surface is quickly recomputed for any probe radius, so interactive changes of the probe radius show the development of cavities, especially how and where they merge together or with the outer environment.
Improvements in health‐related quality of life with liraglutide 3.0 mg compared with placebo in weight management
Authors: Kolotkin R. L. , Fujioka K. , Wolden M. L. , Brett J. H. , Bjorner J. B. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryObesity has a negative impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). The SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes study investigated the effect of liraglutide 3.0 mg, as adjunct to diet and exercise, on HRQoL in patients with obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg m−2] or overweight (BMI ≥ 27 kg m−2) with comorbidity. Participants were advised on a 500 kcal d−1 deficit diet and a 150‐min week−1 exercise programme and were randomised 2:1 to once‐daily subcutaneous liraglutide 3.0 mg or placebo. HRQoL was assessed using the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life‐Lite (IWQOL‐Lite) and Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36) v2 health questionnaires. Individuals on liraglutide 3.0 mg (n = 2046) had significantly greater improvements in IWQOL‐Lite total score (10.6 ± 13.3) vs. placebo (n = 1020) (7.7 ± 12.8) and SF‐36 physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary scores (PCS, 3.6 ± 6.8; MCS, 0.2 ± 8.1) vs. placebo (PCS, 2.2 ± 7.7; MCS, −0.9 ± 9.1). The estimated treatment differences were IWQOL‐Lite total score 3.1 (95% CI: 2.2; 4.0), P < 0.0001; SF‐36 PCS 1.7 (95% CI: 1.2; 2.2), P < 0.0001 and MCS 0.9 (95% CI: 0.3; 1.5), P = 0.003. All subscales of the IWQOL‐Lite and SF‐36 were significantly improved with liraglutide 3.0 mg vs. placebo. More patients on liraglutide 3.0 mg experienced meaningful improvement on the IWQOL‐Lite total (P < 0.0001) and the SF‐36 PCS (P < 0.0001) scores.
The Pharmacokinetic Exposure to Fexofenadine is Volume‐Dependently Reduced in Healthy Subjects Following Oral Administration With Apple Juice
Authors: Luo J , Imai H , Ohyama T , Hashimoto S , Hasunuma T , Inoue Y , Kotegawa T , Ohashi K , Uemura N 
Published: May 2016

Pharmacokinetic exposures to fexofenadine (FEX) are reduced by apple juice (AJ); however, the relationship between the AJ volume and the degree of AJ‐FEX interaction has not been understood. In this crossover study, 10 healthy subjects received single doses of FEX 60 mg with different volumes (150, 300, and 600 mL) of AJ or water (control). To identify an AJ volume lacking clinically meaningful interaction, we tested a hypothesis that the 90% confidence interval (CI) for geometric mean ratio (GMR) of FEX AUCAJ/AUCwater is contained within a biocomparability bound of 0.5–2.0, with at least one tested volume of AJ. GMR (90% CI) of AUCAJ 150mL/AUCwater, AUCAJ 300mL/AUCwater, and AUCAJ 600mL/AUCwater were 0.903 (0.752–1.085), 0.593 (0.494–0.712), and 0.385 (0.321–0.462), respectively. While a moderate to large AJ‐FEX interaction is caused by a larger volumes of AJ (e.g., 300 to 600 mL), the effect of a small volume (e.g., 150 mL) appears to be not meaningful.
First report of botryosphaeriaceous fungi causing canker on Cedrela fissilis and leaf spots on Cariniana estrellensis in forest nursery in Brazil
Authors: Lisboa D. O. , Silva M. A. , Machado A. R. , Pinho D. B. , Borges L. S. , Pereira O. L. , Furtado G. Q. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryCariniana estrellensis and Cedrela fissilis are native forest species from Brazil that are widely used for arborization of parks and recuperation of degraded areas. The production of seedlings from these two forest trees in nurseries is severely affected by fungal diseases. Morphological identification, sequencing analysis of three gene regions (TEF+ACT+ITS or TEF+TUB2 + ITS) and pathogenicity tests confirmed that fungi belonging to Botryosphaeriales are the aetiological agent of the diseases. This is the first report of Phyllosticta capitalensis causing leaf spots on C. estrellensis and Botryosphaeria dothidea causing canker on C. fissilis in forest nurseries in Brazil.
Lateralized Turning Biases in Two Neotropical Tadpoles
Authors: Briggs‐Gonzalez Venetia S. , Gonzalez Sergio C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLateralized turning behavior in startle responses and upon descent after surfacing for a breath of air has been documented for tadpoles in several anuran species. A left‐handed preference is most common and was previously thought to be linked to the asymmetry in spiracle location. Here, we investigate the presence of behavioral asymmetries in tadpoles of Agalychnis callidryas and Leptodactylus melanonotus in explosive turns after air‐breathing. Data were also collected on lateralized posture in the orientation of tails of embryonic A. callidryas within the egg case, as well as the startle response of free‐swimming tadpoles exposed to mechanical stimulation. A left‐curled tail bias was found among several clutches from Costa Rica, but this was not the case among clutches examined from Panama. Free‐living tadpoles of L. melanonotus displayed a distinct right‐handed preference during explosive turns. While some tadpoles of A. callidryas were at stages too early to detect any explosive turns when breathing, later‐staged individuals did display a left‐handed bias in startle response to mechanical stimulation. Additionally, it appears that the expression of behavioral lateralization of larvae (but not embryos) may predict whether or not the adults exhibit similar lateralization. Findings herein provide insight into the ontogeny and evolutionary origins of lateralized behavior in anurans.
Association Between Headaches and Tinnitus in Young Adults: Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Guichard Elie , Montagni Ilaria , Tzourio Christophe , Kurth Tobias 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo study the association between migraine and tinnitus in a large, cross‐sectional study among students.BackgroundTinnitus has been associated with various pain syndromes, including headaches. However, prior studies were mainly conducted among elderly adults.MethodsCross‐sectional study among 5729 participants of the French internet‐based Students Health Research Enterprise (i‐Share) cohort. Health, personal and lifestyle habits, and socio‐demographics characteristics as well as headache/migraine symptoms and tinnitus, were recorded in a standardized questionnaire based on self‐reports. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the students’ headache status and tinnitus.ResultsThe 5729 participants had a mean age of 20.8 years (standard deviation 2.8 years), 75.4% were female, and 1645 reported migraine. An association was found between the students’ headache status and tinnitus after adjustment for confounding variables. Tinnitus was reported by 8.9% of participants with migraine, 7.3% of patients with migraine without aura, and 10.8% of participants with migraine with aura. The adjusted odds ratios of tinnitus were 1.77 (95% confidence interval, 1.36–2.30) for migraine and 1.38 (0.98–1.92) for non‐migraine headache. The association was stronger for students with migraine with aura (odds ratio = 2.10, 95% confidence interval 1.54–2.86) than for migraine without aura (odds ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.09–2.07).ConclusionWe found an association between migraine and tinnitus among young individuals, which was strongest for the subgroup migraine with aura.
The use of community pharmacies in North West England: an observational study
Authors: Mackridge Adam J , Stokes Elizabeth C , Gray Nicola J 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background
There are few studies of community pharmacy footfall and activity in the existing literature, especially by direct observation.

Objective
To describe the characteristics of counter interactions between pharmacy staff and customers.

Method
Structured observation of all interactions between pharmacy staff and customers across the weekly opening hours of five pharmacies diverse in location and ownership.

Key findings
Three-quarters (76%) of observed interactions were associated with prescriptions, but a significant minority accessed cognitive services.

Conclusions
Dispensing was the primary activity across the diverse range of pharmacies. Reasons for visits are diversifying into advice and services, particularly among younger users.
Epidemiology and use of compression treatment in venous leg ulcers: nationwide claims data analysis in Germany
Authors: Heyer Kristina , Protz Kerstin , Glaeske Gerd , Augustin Matthias 
Published: May 2016

AbstractChronic venous diseases are the most common causes of leg ulcers. Compression treatment (CT) is a central component of venous leg ulcer (VLU) therapy along with prevention based on guidelines and clinical evidence. However, large‐scale data on the use of CT are rare. In particular, there have not yet been published nationwide data for Germany. We analysed data from a large German statutory health insurance (SHI) on incident VLU between 2010 and 2012. VLUs were identified by ICD‐10 diagnoses. The status of active disease was defined by wound‐specific treatments. Compression stockings and bandages were identified by SHI medical device codes. The overall estimated incident rate of active VLU of all insured persons was 0·34% from 2010 to 2012. Adapted to the overall German population, n = 229 369 persons nationwide had an incident VLU in 2010–2012. Among all VLU patients, only 40·6% received CT within 1 year, including 83·3% stockings, 31·8% bandages and 3·1% multi‐component compression systems. Compression rates showed significant differences by gender and age. Large regional variations were observed. Validity of data is suggested by high concordance with a primary cohort study. Although recommended by guidelines, there is still a marked under‐provision of care, with CT in incident VLUs in Germany requiring active measures.
Study on the efficacy of surgery of the superficial venous system and of compression therapy at early stages of chronic venous disease for the prevention of chronic venous ulceration
Authors: Serra Raffaele , Amato Bruno , Butrico Lucia , Barbetta Andrea , De Caridi Giovanni , Massara Mafalda , Caliò Francesco G , Longo Chiara , Dardano Gianfranco , Cannistrà Marco , Buffone Gianluca , de Franciscis Stefano 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe mainstay of treatment of chronic venous ulceration (CVU), as also suggested by current treatment guidelines for chronic venous disease (CVD), is represented by surgery and compression therapy for which there is strong evidence of their role in clinically relevant improvement in wound healing and also in the reduction of CVU recurrence, but no information is available as to whether or not these treatments provide effective protection from the onset of CVU. In our study, we have followed, for a median time of 13 years, a total of 3947 patients with CVD at classes C2–C3 of CEAP classification, treated with our treatment protocol (surgery and compression therapy) in order to track the natural history of these patients with regards to CVU development. We identified four groups of patients: 2354 patients (59·64%) (Group A) fully adherent to protocols; 848 patients (21·48%) (Group B) fully adherent to surgery and non‐compliant to compression therapy; 432 patients (10·95%) (Group C) fully adherent to compression therapy and non‐compliant to surgery; and 313 patients (7·93%) (Group D) non‐compliant to either treatments. Regardless of compliance to treatments, the ulcer development rates were very similar between groups (range: 3·23–4.79%), with no statistical significance (P = 0·1522). Currents treatments used in the early stages of CVD appear to have no effects to progression to CVU. Additional longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings.
Characteristics of anticancer drug studies registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) from 2007 to 2015
Authors: Song Menghuan , Guo Hong , Chen Hong , Hu Hao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis research aims to examine the basic and methodological characteristics of anticancer drug studies registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) and explores the progress of implementation of good clinical practice (GCP) and the challenges it poses for anticancer drug research in China.MethodsThe studies from 2007 to 2015 were downloaded from the ChiCTR and those involving anticancer drugs with evaluation of the main dimensions. The numerical trend of the studies registered each year was analyzed. Chi‐square tests were performed to test for significant differences between different funding sources, types of drug and study phases.ResultsSix hundred and four anticancer drug studies were collected. The overall number of anticancer drug studies was increased. Significant differences could be seen in the dimensions of multicentre study (P = 0.000), participant number (P = 0.029) and randomization procedure (P = 0.005) for the three funding sources. There were significant differences in the dimensions of multicentre study (P = 0.001), participant number (P = 0.025), collecting samples from participants (P = 0.006), and randomization procedure (P = 0.009) between different kinds of drugs. There were also significant differences in the dimension of participant number (P = 0.025) and randomization procedure (P = 0.016) between different study phases.ConclusionThere are problems with study registry criteria and study type classification method. Also, within the studies researched, heterogeneity exists for various dimensions. Different sources of funding, distinct types of drug and disparate phases of study lead to significant differences in certain dimensions of anticancer drug studies.
Potential biases in screening for plant resistance to insect pests: an illustration with oilseed rape
Authors: Hervé M. R. , Leclair M. , Frat L. , Paty C. , Renaud D. , Cortesero A. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBreeding to increase crop resistance is a common strategy to decrease damage caused by insect pests, especially in the current context where insecticides are becoming at the same time less accepted by society and less efficient because of widespread pest resistance. The main bottleneck of this strategy is phenotyping. Although simple, high‐throughput methods have been proposed which could be highly useful, they may raise conceptual issues. Using field and laboratory experiments on oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and the pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus syn. Meligethes aeneus), we illustrated possible difficulties with this approach: (i) field screenings might not represent the real attractiveness of the tested genotypes; (ii) plant phenology or spatial organization of the genotypes might bias field screening results; (iii) experiments based on detached plant parts (here, single flower buds or anthers) might not allow to infer the plant–insect relationship of the whole plant. We propose ways to better take these risks into account.
Optimizing mirid control on cocoa farms through complementary monitoring systems
Authors: Awudzi G. K. , Cudjoe A. R. , Hadley P. , Hatcher P. E. , Daymond A. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMirids (Sahlbergella singularis and Distantiella theobroma) are the most important insect pests affecting cocoa production across West Africa. Understanding the population dynamics of mirids is key to their management; however, the current recommended hand‐height assessment method is labour intensive. The objective of the study was to compare recently developed mirid sex pheromone trapping and visual hand‐height assessment methods as monitoring tools on cocoa farms and to consider implications for a decision support system. Ten farms from the Eastern and Ashanti regions of Ghana were used for the study. Mirid numbers and damage were assessed fortnightly on twenty trees per farm, using both methods, from January 2012 to April 2013. The mirid population increased rapidly in June, reached a peak in September and began to decline in October. There was a significant linear relationship between numbers of mirids sampled to hand‐height and mirid damage. High numbers of male mirids were recorded in pheromone traps between January and April 2012 after which there was a gradual decline. There was a significant inverse relationship between numbers of trapped adult mirids and mirids sampled to hand‐height (predominantly nymphs). Higher temperatures and lower relative humidities in the first half of the year were associated with fewer mirids at hand‐height, but larger numbers of adult males were caught in pheromone traps. The study showed that relying solely on one method is not sufficient to provide accurate information on mirid population dynamics and a combination of the two methods is necessary.