bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent phishing url detection using association rule mining
Authors: Jeeva S. Carolin , Rajsingh Elijah Blessing 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhishing is an online criminal act that occurs when a malicious webpage impersonates as legitimate webpage so as to acquire sensitive information from the user. Phishing attack continues to pose a serious risk for web users and annoying threat within the field of electronic commerce. This paper focuses on discerning the significant features that discriminate between legitimate and phishing URLs. These features are then subjected to associative rule mining—apriori and predictive apriori. The rules obtained are interpreted to emphasize the features that are more prevalent in phishing URLs. Analyzing the knowledge accessible on phishing URL and considering confidence as an indicator, the features like transport layer security, unavailability of the top level domain in the URL and keyword within the path portion of the URL were found to be sensible indicators for phishing URL. In addition to this number of slashes in the URL, dot in the host portion of the URL and length of the URL are also the key factors for phishing URL.
Intravenous Sedation Without Intubation and the Risk of Anesthesia Complications for Obese and Non-Obese Women Undergoing Surgical Abortion: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gokhale Priyanka , Lappen Justin R. , Waters Jonathan H. , Perriera Lisa K. 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND:
The primary objective of this study was to assess the risk of perioperative anesthesia-related complications in a cohort of obese and non-obese women undergoing outpatient surgical abortion under IV sedation without tracheal intubation.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective cohort study of all surgical abortions through 22 6/7 weeks’ gestation at an outpatient clinic from 2012 to 2013. Women receiving IV sedation were included. Obesity status was defined by the World Health Organization criteria. The primary outcome was the rate of perioperative anesthesia complications defined as tracheal intubation, pulmonary aspiration, hospital transfer for an anesthesia indication, or anesthesia-related adverse events (persistent hypoxemia and allergic reaction). The use of opioid reversal (naloxone) was assessed as a secondary outcome measure. Multivariate analysis for the secondary outcome measure was performed with adjustment for confounding factors.

RESULTS:
During the study period, 9348 abortions were performed. Of the 5579 patients who received IV sedation, 1438 (25.8%) were obese, 1707 (30.6%) were in the second trimester, and 851 (15.3%) were ≥17 weeks’ gestation. No patients experienced a primary outcome measure. Based on the upper 95% confidence interval (CI) for the sample size, the maximal risk of an anesthesia-related complication is 1 in 1860 procedures. Naloxone use occurred in 13 (0.2%) patients and was not more frequent among obese patients (0.14% vs 0.27%; 95% CI of odds ratio [OR], 0.12–2.36; P = 0.54) or procedures at ≥17 weeks’ gestation (0.47% vs 0.19%; 95% CI of OR, 0.76–8.06; P = 0.12). These negative findings should be interpreted with caution, given the limitations of the sample size to assess these secondary outcome measures. Naloxone use was associated with fentanyl doses >200 μg (0.82% vs 0.13%; P = 0.002), an association that remained significant when we controlled for confounding factors (adjusted OR, 5.51; 95% CI, 1.61–18.91). Further analysis revealed that fentanyl dose >200 μg was associated with naloxone use for procedures in the first trimester (incident rate ratio, 9.02; 95% CI, 3.73–21.80) but not in the second trimester (incident rate ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.23–3.70).

CONCLUSIONS:
Among women receiving IV sedation without tracheal intubation for surgical abortion, anesthesia complications are rare and may not be greater for obese women or procedures at gestational age ≥17 weeks. IV sedation without tracheal intubation may be considered for women undergoing first- and second-trimester surgical abortion; however, the rarity of anesthesia-related complications in our cohort precludes a definitive conclusion regarding the overall safety of IV sedation without tracheal intubation.
Nicotine ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by maternal LPS exposure: A study in rats
Authors: Waterhouse Uta , Roper Vic E. , Brennan Katharine A. , Ellenbroek Bart A. 
Published: May 2016

Rationale Maternal exposure to infectious agents is a predisposing factor for schizophrenia with associated cognitive deficits in offspring. High smoking incidence in these individuals in adulthood might be, at least in part, due to nicotine's cognitive enhancing effects.
Objectives Utilize prenatal exposure to maternal lipopolysaccharide (LPS, bacterial endotoxin) treatment at different time points as a model for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia to determine whether nicotine reverses any associated impairments.
Materials and methods Pregnant rats were treated subcutaneously (sc) with LPS (0.5 mg/kg) at one of three neurodevelopmental time periods (gestation days, GD 10/11, 15/16, 18/19). Cognitive assessment in male offspring commenced in early adulthood (postnatal day, PND, 60) and included: prepulse inhibition (PPI), latent inhibition (LI), and delayed non-matching to sample (DNMTS). Following PND 100, daily nicotine injections (0.6 mg/kg, sc) were administered and animals were re-tested in the same tasks (PND 110).
Results Only maternal LPS exposure early during fetal neurodevelopment (GD 10/11) showed deficits in all tests compared to animals prenatally exposed to saline at the same gestational time point. Repeated nicotine treatment led to global (PPI) and selective (LI) improvements in performance.
Conclusion Early but not later prenatal LPS exposure induced consistent deficits in cognitive tests with relevance for schizophrenia. Nicotine reversed the LPS-induced deficits in selective attention (LI) and induced a global enhancement of sensorimotor gating (PPI).
Lamellipodia are crucial for haptotactic sensing and response
Authors: King Samantha J. , Asokan Sreeja B. , Haynes Elizabeth M. , Zimmerman Seth P. , Rotty Jeremy D. , Alb James G. , Tagliatela Alicia , Blake Devon R. , Lebedeva Irina P. , Marston Daniel , Johnson Heath E. , Parsons Maddy , Sharpless Norman E. , Kuhlman Brian , Haugh Jason M. , Bear James E. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Haptotaxis is the process by which cells respond to gradients of substrate-bound cues, such as extracellular matrix proteins (ECM); however, the cellular mechanism of this response remains poorly understood and has mainly been studied by comparing cell behavior on uniform ECMs with different concentrations of components. To study haptotaxis in response to gradients, we utilized microfluidic chambers to generate gradients of the ECM protein fibronectin, and imaged the cell migration response. Lamellipodia are fan-shaped protrusions that are common in migrating cells. Here, we define a new function for lamellipodia and the cellular mechanism required for haptotaxis – differential actin and lamellipodial protrusion dynamics lead to biased cell migration. Modest differences in lamellipodial dynamics occurring over time periods of seconds to minutes are summed over hours to produce differential whole cell movement towards higher concentrations of fibronectin. We identify a specific subset of lamellipodia regulators as being crucial for haptotaxis. Numerous studies have linked components of this pathway to cancer metastasis and, consistent with this, we find that expression of the oncogenic Rac1 P29S mutation abrogates haptotaxis. Finally, we show that haptotaxis also operates through this pathway in 3D environments.
Double taxation conventions, structure and evolution of the american tax system
Authors: Dumiter Florin , Berlingher Daniel , Opret Anca , Todor Silvia 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This article is intended as a retrospective survey of the comprehensiveness of the tax system, in the broad sense, and the US tax system, in a stricter sense, in terms of structuring model and application of tax levies, as well as the taxation applied to each public financial income category. The topic chosen is based on the idea that the US tax system is different from the European system, while also considering that the USA is the world leader in business, trade and investment, and seen as a true “streamliner” of the world. The US economy is strongly influenced by sectors that prevail at the federal level: industry, education, trade, telecommunications, and transportation. The research methodology used in this article consists of a comprehensive analysis of key concepts regarding tax levying activities, providing an explanation of the tax policy, a critical analysis of the US system in terms of tax legislation, and a history of international double taxation conventions concluded by the US with other countries, given that the USA may be an archetype (best practice) in terms of the double taxation agreements network, regarding both the number of countries with which they have been concluded, and the types of agreements on income and capital. In our opinion, the results of this study indicate the optimal technical framework used by the American system to identify and implement the most sustainable methods, techniques and procedures in order to reduce the scope of international double taxation on income and capital worldwide.
Bodily injury by fault in the New Romanian Criminal Code
Authors: Zazula Bela Attila 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In all constitutional systems, there is a reticence in sanctioning criminally any injury caused by fault to a person, without taking into account certain aspects really justifying the penology’s intervention – a severe injury of the victim’s body, a case where there are broken prudence norms enacted precisely for avoiding the bodily injury by fault of a person.
Linking surface and subsurface properties of biocrusted and non-biocrusted habitats of fine-grained fluvial sediments (playas) from the Negev Desert
Authors: Kidron Giora J. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
With biocrusts playing a cardinal role in C and N fixation in arid zones, information regarding the factors that determine their limits of growth is of uttermost importance for the study of ecosystem structure and function. This is also the case in the western Negev dunefields, where although abundant on the sandy surfaces, biocrusts are scarce on fine-grained (mainly loessial) sediments, termed playas. In the Nizzana research site (NRS), visibly distinct surfaces, with and without biocrusts were noted within a single playa. In an attempt to characterize these distinct surfaces, a set of random measurements were carried out, which included measurements of crack density, microrelief and chlorophyll content of the upper 0–1 cm. Following a cluster analysis, four distinct types of surfaces (hereafter habitats) were defined, one with substantial amount of chlorophyll content which can be regarded as biocrust (P4), and three non-crusted surfaces (P1–P3). Within each type, two 50 cm-deep pits were dug and the pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and fine (silt and clay) content (FC) of samples collected at 1–5, 5–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40 and 40–50 cm-depth were analyzed. In addition, periodical moisture measurements were carried out (in pairs) to a depth of 0–20 cm at each surface type during 2013/14. All non-crusted habitats (P1–P3) were characterized by loessial subsurface sediments. Conversely, P4 was either characterized by loessial subsurface sediments (and in this case it was characterized by a slightly concave surface) or having a sandy subsurface (at ~5–10 cm depth). While the non-crusted surfaces exhibited low moisture content, P4 exhibited deeper and higher moisture content explained either by the more sandy sediments or by lower water loss through runoff. The findings point to the close link between surface and subsurface properties and indicate that water availability may explain biocrust establishment and growth also at the loessial playa surfaces. Biocrusts may thus serve as bioindicators for habitats with high moisture content.
Effects of olive mill wastewater disposal on soil: Interaction mechanisms during different seasons
Authors: Tamimi Nisreen , Diehl Dörte , Njoum Mohand , Marei Amer , Schaumann Gabriele E. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Environmental conditions play a major role for effects of olive mill wastewater (OMW) application to soil. Choosing a different season for OMW application than the commonly practiced winter, may help avoid negative effects. However, understanding of the OMW-soil interaction during different seasons is still incomplete due to the lack of comparative data. In this study, an 18 months field experiment was carried out in an olive orchard in West Bank. Degree and persistence of soil salinization, acidification, accumulation of phenolic compounds and soil water repellency were investigated as a function of soil depth and time elapsed after OMW application, which was performed either in spring, summer (with and without irrigation) or winter. The persistence of negative effects increased with duration of the hot and dry period following the application due to accumulation and polymerization of OMW. On the other hand, leaching of OMW components to groundwater is favored during the rainy season and by formation of preferential flow paths before the rain season starts. The risks of groundwater contamination and persistent negative effects decrease with increasing time under conditions favoring biological activity. Therefore, OMW application in spring if improved by a careful irrigation is considered as the most suitable under semiarid conditions for clay loam soils.
Influence of organic manure amendments on water repellency, water entry value, and water retention of soil samples from a tropical Ultisol
Authors: Liyanage T.D.P. , Leelamanie D.A.L. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Lowered stability of soil aggregates governed by insufficient organic matter levels has become a major concern in Sri Lanka. Although the use of organic manure with water repellent properties lowers the wetting rates and improves the stability of soil aggregates, its effects on soil hydrophysical properties are still not characterized. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the relation of water repellency induced by organic manure amendments to the water entry value and water retention of a Sri Lankan Ultisol. The soil was mixed with ground powders of cattle manure (CM), goat manure (GM), Gliricidia maculata (GL) and hydrophobic Casuarina equisetifolia (CE) leaves to obtain samples ranging from non-repellent to extremely water repellent, in two series. Series I was prepared by mixing GL and CE with soil (5, 10, 25, 50%). Series II consisted of 5% CM, GM, and GL, with (set A) and without (set B) intermixed 2% CE. Water repellency, water entry value, and water retention of samples were determined in the laboratory. Soil-water contact angle increased with increasing organic matter content in all the samples showing positive linear correlations. Although the samples amended with CE showed high soil-water contact angles in series I, set A (without 2% CE) and set B (with 2% CE) in series II did not show a noticeable difference, where >80% of the samples had soil-water contact angles <90°. Water entry value (R2 = 0.83–0.92) and the water retention at 150 cm suction (R2 = 0.69–0.8) of all the samples increased with increasing soil-water contact angles showing moderate to strong positive linear correlations. However, set A (without 2% CE) and set B (with 2% CE) in series II did not differ noticeably. Water entry value of about 60% the samples was <2.5 cm. Mixing of a small amount (2%) of hydrophobic organic matter with commonly used organic manures slightly increased the water repellency of sample soils, however not up to detrimental levels. It did not generate adverse effects on water entry and increased the water retention. It was clear that intermixing of small quantities of hydrophobic organic manure with organic manures commonly used in Sri Lankan agriculture, would not generate unfavorable impacts on soils.
Outcome of small for gestational age preterm singletons: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Tul Natasa , Lasic Mateja , Bricelj Katja , Bregar Andreja Trojner , Verdenik Ivan , Lucovnik Miha , Blickstein Isaac 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Objective:
To examine the outcomes of births among small and appropriate for gestational age (SGA and AGA) infants by gestational age and maternal characteristics.

Materials and methods:
We used a national perinatal registry to compare the selected maternal and neonatal outcomes between AGA and SGA neonates born at gestational age groups 33–36, 30–32, 28–29, and <28 weeks. We evaluated maternal body mass index (BMI), pre-gestational/gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, and cesarean births as well as frequencies of 5-min Apgar score <7, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), the need for assisted ventilation, and early neonatal deaths.

Results:
We evaluated 159,774 AGA (8871 preterm) and 13,735 SGA (1147 preterm) infants and found a gradual decrease in the incidence of SGA infants with increasing gestational age. Diabetes was unrelated to having an SGA or AGA infant among preterm births, but the odds ratio (OR) for preeclampsia among preterm-SGA pregnancies was up to 6.9 (95% CI 3.8, 12.5) at <28 weeks. SGA infants fare worse compared to AGA neonates in every parameter tested but only in preterm births >30 weeks.

Conclusions:
Being SGA further complicates preterm births after 30 weeks of gestation but not earlier. This might suggest that an extended period in the hostile intrauterine environment, or that being born at <30 weeks, is bad enough and is not further aggravated by being SGA.
Microbial corrosion of metallic materials in a deep nuclear-waste repository
Authors: Stoulil J. , Dobrev D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The study summarises current knowledge on microbial corrosion in a deep nuclear-waste repository. The first part evaluates the general impact of microbial activity on corrosion mechanisms. Especially, the impact of microbial metabolism on the environment and the impact of biofilms on the surface of structure materials were evaluated. The next part focuses on microbial corrosion in a deep nuclear-waste repository. The study aims to suggest the development of the repository environment and in that respect the viability of bacteria, depending on the probable conditions of the environment, such as humidity of bentonite, pressure in compact bentonite, the impact of ionizing radiation, etc. The last part is aimed at possible techniques for microbial corrosion mechanism monitoring in the conditions of a deep repository. Namely, electrochemical and microscopic techniques were discussed.
Aluminum nitride as nonlinear optical material for on-chip frequency comb generation and frequency conversion
Authors: Jung Hojoong , Tang Hong X. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
A number of dielectric materials have been employed for on-chip frequency comb generation. Silicon based dielectrics such as silicon dioxide (SiO2) and silicon nitride (SiN) are particularly attractive comb materials due to their low optical loss and maturity in nanofabrication. They offer third-order Kerr nonlinearity (χ(3)), but little second-order Pockels (χ(2)) effect. Materials possessing both strong χ(2) and χ(3) are desired to enable selfreferenced frequency combs and active control of comb generation. In this review, we introduce another CMOS-compatible comb material, aluminum nitride (AlN),which offers both second and third order nonlinearities. A review of the advantages of AlN as linear and nonlinear optical material will be provided, and fabrication techniques of low loss AlN waveguides from the visible to infrared (IR) region will be discussed.We will then show the frequency comb generation including IR, red, and green combs in high-Q AlN micro-rings from single CW IR laser input via combination of Kerr and Pockels nonlinearity. Finally, the fast speed on-off switching of frequency comb using the Pockels effect of AlN will be shown,which further enriches the applications of the frequency comb.
CMOS-compatible photonic devices for single-photon generation
Authors: Xiong Chunle , Bell Bryn , Eggleton Benjamin J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSources of single photons are one of the key building blocks for quantum photonic technologies such as quantum secure communication and powerful quantum computing. To bring the proof-of-principle demonstration of these technologies from the laboratory to the real world, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible photonic chips are highly desirable for photon generation, manipulation, processing and even detection because of their compactness, scalability, robustness, and the potential for integration with electronics. In this paper, we review the development of photonic devices made from materials (e.g., silicon) and processes that are compatible with CMOS fabrication facilities for the generation of single photons.
Plasmonic hollow gold nanoparticles induced high-performance Bi2S3 nanoribbon photodetector
Authors: Liang Feng-Xia , Ge Cai-Wang , Zhang Teng-Fei , Xie Wei-Jie , Zhang Deng-Yue , Zou Yi-Feng , Zheng Kun , Luo Lin-Bao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA high performance hollow gold nanoparticles (HGNs) decorated one-dimensional (1-D) Bi2S3nanoribbon (NR) photodetector was fabricated for green light detection (560 nm). The single crystal 1-D Bi2S3NRs with growth orientation along [001] were synthesized by a simple solvothermal approach. Optoelectronic analysis reveals that the performance of the plasmonic photodetector was greatly enhanced after decoration with HGNs. For example, the responsivity increases from 1.4 × 102to 1.09 × 103AW−1, the conductivity gain from 2.68 × 102to 2.31 × 103, and the detectivity from 2.45 × 1012to 2.78 × 1013, respectively. Such performance enhancement was attributed to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect caused by the HGNs according to both experiment and theoretical simulation. This study is believed to open up new opportunities for managing light and enhancing the device performance of other 1-D semiconductor nanostructures based optoelectronic devices and systems.
Traditional and emerging materials for optical metasurfaces
Authors: Zhu Alexander Y. , Kuznetsov Arseniy I. , Luk’yanchuk Boris , Engheta Nader , Genevet Patrice 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOne of the most promising and vibrant research areas in nanotechnology has been the field of metasurfaces. These are two dimensional representations of metaatoms, or artificial interfaces designed to possess specialized electromagnetic properties which do not occur in nature, for specific applications. In this article, we present a brief review of metasurfaces from a materials perspective, and examine how the choice of different materials impact functionalities ranging from operating bandwidth to efficiencies. We place particular emphasis on emerging and non-traditional materials for metasurfaces such as high index dielectrics, topological insulators and digital metamaterials, and the potentially transformative role they could play in shaping further advances in the field.
Crystal structure of bis(benzoato-κO)bis(4,4′-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methylene)dibenzonitrile-κN)zinc(II), C48H32N10O4Zn
Authors: Zheng Huirong , Lou Benyong , Zhang Mei 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
C48H32N10O4Zn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 18.661(7) Å, b = 12.003(4) Å, c = 21.043(8) Å, β = 111.632(4)°, V = 4381(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0539, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1210, T = 293 K.