bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural and neural sequelae of stressor exposure are not modulated by controllability in females
Authors: Baratta Michael V. , Leslie Nathan R. , Fallon Isabella P. , Dolzani Samuel D. , Chun Lauren E. , Tamalunas Andrew M. , Watkins Linda R. , Maier Steven F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe degree of behavioural control that an organism has over a stressor is a potent modulator of the stressor's impact; controllable stressors produce none of the neurochemical and behavioural sequelae that occur if the stressor is uncontrollable. Research demonstrating the importance of control and the neural mechanisms responsible has been conducted almost entirely with male rats. It is unknown if behavioural control is stress blunting in females, and whether or not a similar resilience circuitry is engaged. Female rats were exposed to controllable, yoked uncontrollable or no tailshock. In separate experiments, behavioural (juvenile social exploration, fear and shuttle box escape) and neurochemical (activation of dorsal raphe serotonin and dorsal raphe‐projecting prelimbic neurons) outcomes, which are sensitive to the dimension of control in males, were assessed. Despite successful acquisition of the controlling response, behavioural control did not mitigate dorsal raphe serotonergic activation and behavioural outcomes induced by tailshock, as it does in males. Moreover, behavioural control failed to selectively engage prelimbic cells that project to the dorsal raphe as in males. Pharmacological activation of the prelimbic cortex restored the stress‐buffering effects of control. Collectively, the data demonstrate stressor controllability phenomena are absent in females and that the protective prelimbic circuitry is present but not engaged. Reduced benefit from coping responses may represent a novel approach for understanding differential sex prevalence in stress‐related psychiatric disorders.
Nestin expression and in vivo proliferative potential of tanycytes and ependymal cells lining the walls of the third ventricle in the adult rat brain
Authors: Hendrickson Michael L. , Zutshi Ipshita , Wield Alyssa , Kalil Ronald E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThere is a disagreement in the literature concerning the degree of proliferation of cells in the walls of the third ventricle (3rdV) under normal conditions in the adult mammalian brain. To address this issue, we mapped the cells expressing the neural stem/progenitor cell marker nestin along the entire rostrocaudal extent of the 3rdV in adult male rats and observed a complex distribution. Abundant nestin was present in tanycyte cell bodies and processes and also was observed in patches of ependymal cells as well as in isolated ependymal cells throughout the walls of the 3rdV. However, we observed very limited ependymal cell or tanycyte proliferation in normal adult rats as determined by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation or the expression of Ki‐67. Moreover, fewer than 13% of the cells that were BrdU‐positive (BrdU+) or Ki‐67‐positive (Ki‐67+) expressed nestin. These observations stand in contrast to those made in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle (SVZ) and subgranular zone of the hippocampal formation (SGZ), where cell proliferation measured by BrdU incorporation or Ki‐67 expression is observed frequently in cells that also express nestin. Thus, while ependymal cell or tanycyte cell proliferation can be promoted by the addition of mitogens, dietary modifications or other in vivo manipulations, the proliferation of ependymal cells and tanycytes in the walls of the 3rdV is very limited in the normal adult male rat brain.
Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome leading to sudden brain death in a chronic hemodialysis patient
Authors: Dalia Tarun , Tuffaha Ahmad M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is a rare central nervous system (CNS) disease which develops in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). Although it has been reported in patients receiving chronic HD, DDS is more common during or immediately after the first HD treatment. The exact incidence of DDS is unknown. Death in DDS is an extremely rare phenomenon and to the best of our knowledge only 9 cases have been reported showing this association. We present a unique case of a 42‐year‐old female on chronic HD, and no prior history of CNS disease, who developed brain death in the setting of DDS 2 hours into the dialysis treatment. A literature review of all previously reported cases was performed.
Proposed diagnostic criteria for acute‐on‐chronic liver failure in Japan
Authors: Mochida Satoshi , Nakayama Nobuaki , Ido Akio , Inoue Kazuaki , Genda Takuya , Takikawa Yasuhiro , Sakaida Isao , Terai Shuji , Yokosuka Osamu , Shimizu Masahito , Takikawa Hajime 
Published: January 2018

To establish diagnostic criteria for acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) in Japan, the Intractable Hepato‐Biliary Disease Study Group of Japan undertook a multicenter pilot survey for patients fulfilling the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL), Association for the Study of the Liver–Chronic Liver Failure (EASL‐Clif) Consortium, or Chinese Medical Association (CMA) diagnostic criteria for ACLF. The APASL criteria were suitable for screening Japanese patients with ACLF when patients whose conditions were triggered by gastrointestinal bleeding were included within the disease entity, and the EASL‐Clif Consortium criteria were useful for classifying the severity of the patients’ conditions. Based on these observations, the Study Group proposed the following diagnostic criteria for ACLF in Japan: patients with cirrhosis and a Child–Pugh score of 5–9 should be diagnosed as having ACLF when a deterioration of liver function (serum bilirubin level ≥5.0 mg/dL and prothrombin time value ≤40% of the standardized values and/or international normalization rate ≥1.5) caused by severe liver damage develops within 28 days after acute insults, such as alcohol abuse, bacterial infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, or the exacerbation of underlying liver diseases. The severities of the patients can be classified into four grades depending on the extent of the deterioration in organ functions, including kidney, cerebral, blood coagulation, circulatory and respiratory functions, as well as liver function. The usefulness of these novel criteria should be validated prospectively in a large‐scale cohort in the future.
Utility of Pathology Imagebase for standardisation of prostate cancer grading
Authors: Egevad Lars , Delahunt Brett , Berney Daniel M , Bostwick David G , Cheville John , Comperat Eva , Evans Andrew J , Fine Samson W , Grignon David J , Humphrey Peter A , Hörnblad Jonas , Iczkowski Kenneth A , Kench James G , Kristiansen Glen , Leite Katia R M , Magi‐Galluzzi Cristina , McKenney Jesse K , Oxley Jon , Pan Chin‐Chen , Samaratunga Hemamali , Srigley John R , Takahashi Hiroyuki , True Lawrence D , Tsuzuki Toyonori , van der Kwast Theo , Varma Murali , Zhou Ming , Clements Mark 
Published: January 2018

AimsDespite efforts to standardise grading of prostate cancer, even among experts there is still a considerable variation in grading practices. In this study we describe the use of Pathology Imagebase, a novel reference image library, for setting an international standard in prostate cancer grading.Methods and resultsThe International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) recently launched a reference image database supervised by experts. A panel of 24 international experts in prostate pathology reviewed independently microphotographs of 90 cases of prostate needle biopsies with cancer. A linear weighted kappa of 0.67 (95% confidence interval = 0.62–0.72) and consensus was reached in 50 cases. The interobserver weighted kappa varied from 0.48 to 0.89. The highest level of agreement was seen for Gleason score (GS) 3 + 3 = 6 (ISUP grade 1), while higher grades and particularly GS 4 + 3 = 7 (ISUP grade 3) showed considerable disagreement. Once a two‐thirds majority was reached, images were moved automatically into a public database available for all ISUP members at www.isupweb.org. Non‐members are able to access a limited number of cases.ConclusionsIt is anticipated that the database will assist pathologists to calibrate their grading and, hence, decrease interobserver variability. It will also help to identify instances where definitions of grades need to be clarified.
Decomposition of systematic and total risk variations in emerging markets
Authors: Lee Meng‐Horng , Hooy Chee‐Wooi , Brooks Robert 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the country‐versus‐industry debate in international diversification in the context of systematic risk. We employ the popular decomposition approach proposed by Heston and Rouwenhorst and cover 2,045 individual firms from 36 emerging countries across 39 industries. Generally, we find a domination of country factors in the sample period of 1990–2012, particularly after the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, which implies that country‐based diversification is still superior to industry‐based diversification in emerging markets. In addition, we document high variability of the common factor coupled with a diminishing trend of country and industry factors, which limits the desired risk reduction from diversification in emerging markets. A convergence between systematic and total risk is found beginning in 2007, which coincides with the timing of the Global Financial Crisis.
The moderating effect of social support on the relationship between physical health and suicidal thoughts among Chinese rural elderly: A nursing home sample
Authors: Zhang Dan , Yang Yang , Wu Menglian , Zhao Xia , Sun Yaoyao , Xie Hui , Li Hongkai , Li Yuqin , Wang Kefang , Zhang Jie , Jia Jihui , Su Yonggang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSuicide rate is relatively high among Chinese rural elderly. While there has been some exciting work on reporting and preventing suicide among community‐dwelling elderly, only a few published studies have addressed the issues of rural nursing homes in China. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among perceived social support, physical health, and suicidal thoughts of the elderly living in Chinese rural nursing homes. It also examined the moderating effects of social support on the path from physical health to suicidal thoughts of the rural institutional elderly in China. This study investigated 205 participants aged 60 years and above in Chinese rural nursing homes. Participants’ suicidal thoughts, perceived social support, and physical health were assessed. This study conducted descriptive analysis, Student's t‐test, and Pearson's chi‐square test to test how physical health and social support predicted suicidal thoughts, as well as the moderating effects of family's, friends’, and others’ social support on physical health and suicidal thoughts. Both physical health and perceived social support were significantly related to suicidal thoughts. Perceived social support from family, friends, and significant others moderated the relationship between physical health and suicidal thoughts. Findings of this study suggested that increasing social support and improving physical health would be effective in both suicide prevention and intervention for the residents in Chinese rural nursing homes.
An Exact Test of the Improvement of the Minimum Variance Portfolio
Authors: Glabadanidis Paskalis 
Published: January 2018

AbstractI propose an exact finite sample test of the risk reduction of the global minimum variance (GMV) portfolio. The GMV test statistic is proportional to the reduction in the variance of the GMV portfolio and has a straightforward geometric and portfolio interpretation and complements the celebrated GRS test in Gibbons et al. (1989). In practical applications, the GMV test leads to a rejection of the null hypothesis of no improvement in the GMV portfolio more often than the GRS test rejects the null hypothesis of no improvement in the risk‐return profile of the tangent portfolio. The power of the GMV test increases with the variance reduction of the GMV portfolio. Using test asset returns scaled by predetermined predictive variables is equivalent to increasing the overall number of test assets and leads to substantial power gains.
Fama–French in China: Size and Value Factors in Chinese Stock Returns
Authors: Hu Grace Xing , Chen Can , Shao Yuan , Wang Jiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe investigate the size and value factors in the cross‐section of returns for the Chinese stock market. We find a significant size effect but no robust value effect. A zero‐cost small‐minus‐big (SMB) portfolio earns an average premium of 0.61% per month, which is statistically significant with a t‐value of 2.89 and economically important. In contrast, neither the market portfolio nor the zero‐cost high‐minus‐low (HML) portfolio has average premiums that are statistically different from zero. In both time‐series regressions and Fama–MacBeth cross‐sectional tests, SMB represents the strongest factor in explaining the cross‐section of Chinese stock returns. Our results contradict several existing studies which document a value effect. We show that this difference comes from the extreme values in a few months in the early years of the market with a small number of stocks and high volatility. Their impact becomes insignificant with a longer sample and proper volatility adjustment.
Boom‐Baby CEOs, Career Experience, and Risk Taking: A Natural Experiment Using Chinese CEOs’ Growth Paths
Authors: Hao Ying , Wang Shaofei , Chou Robin K. , Ko Kuan‐Cheng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChina's economy represents a unique experimental environment, in that it has undergone a successful transformation from a planned to a more open system. Leveraging this natural experimental setting, this study examines the impacts of CEOs’ formative experiences on their risk‐taking behavior. Two events likely constitute formative experiences for CEOs: economic reforms that commenced in 1978 and their prior career experiences. In turn, CEOs’ risk tolerance attitudes likely reflect the influences of these significant events. The results show that CEOs who experienced economic reforms in their early adult life exhibit higher risk‐taking likelihood and greater risk tolerance than those who grew up during the planned economy era. Furthermore, firm performance achieved by CEOs’ risk taking is significantly better when CEOs originally started working in and then remained within business sectors.
The impact of globalisation on child soldiering: challenges and opportunities in the context of the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Kiyala Jean Chrysostome K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe impact of globalisation, the perception of the world as a global village, is discernible in the rapid spread of ideologies, the regionalisation of violent conflicts and inter‐state hostilities, the proliferation and availability of light weapons, and the illicit trade of minerals that helps finance armed groups, militias and proxies of foreign powers staging military campaigns against established governments. It is within this changing environment that children are recruited and used as soldiers. Despite a major threat posed by globalisation to children's security, this article argues that international efforts have emerged to provide an ongoing response to the deviant use of child soldiers. This is based on both international jurisprudence pertaining to children's rights, and advocacy by transnational non‐governmental organisations to stop all recruitment, exploitation and use of children in hostilities. The kadogo children associated with armed groups and forces in the Democratic Republic of Congo are used as a case study that depicts both the challenges and opportunities of globalisation for the contemporary child soldiering phenomenon.
Amorphous Ge‐Sb‐Se thin films fabricated by co‐sputtering: Properties and photosensitivity
Authors: Halenkovič Tomáš , Gutwirth Jan , Němec Petr , Baudet Emeline , Specht Marion , Gueguen Yann , Sangleboeuf Jean‐Christophe , Nazabal Virginie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAmorphous Ge–Sb–Se thin films were fabricated by a rf‐magnetron co‐sputtering technique employing the following cathodes: GeSe2, Sb2Se3, and Ge28Sb12Se60. The influence of the composition, determined by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, on the optical properties was studied. Optical properties were analyzed based on variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and UV‐Vis‐NIR spectrophotometry. The results show that the optical bandgap range 1.35‐2.08 eV with corresponding refractive index ranging from 3.33 to 2.36 can be reliably covered. Furthermore, morphological and topographical properties of selenide‐sputtered films studied by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy showed a good quality of fabricated films. In addition, structure of the films was controlled using Raman scattering spectroscopy. Finally, irreversible photoinduced changes by means of change in optical bandgap energy and refractive index of co‐sputtered films were studied revealing the photobleaching effect in Ge‐rich films when irradiated by near‐bandgap light under Ar atmosphere. The photobleaching effect tends to decrease with increasing antimony content.
Synergetic enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties in Ce0.8Sm0.1Nd0.1O2−δ/La10Si6O27 composite electrolytes
Authors: Yuan Yajie , Li Tianjun , Nishijima Hiroki , Pan Wei , Gong Jianghong , Wang Kai , Wang Min , Zhang Mengfei , Zhao Xiaohui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that the samarium and neodymium codoped ceria (Ce0.8Sm0.1Nd0.1O2−δ abbreviated SNDC) shows high ionic conductivity at intermediate operating temperature (0.012 S/cm at 500°C. However, the poor mechanical properties limited its applications in solid fuel cells and oxygen sensors. Present research reports an approach to improve the mechanical properties of SNDC by adding another kind of oxide solid electrolyte, the apatite‐type lanthanum silicate (La10Si6O27 abbreviated LSO). The SNDC/LSO composites were prepared by mixing the powders with different proportion, and sintered at 1600°C. Their structure, morphology, mechanical, and electrical properties were characterized. It was found that with the 5wt%‐7wt% LSO addition, both the flexural strength and the fracture toughness were improved. The improvement of flexural strength for the SNDC reached as high as 71%. It is also seen that the ionic conductivity of SNDC was enhanced with the adding of 5wt% LSO. The enhanced mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of SNDC/LSO composites make them a promising candidates for high‐performance SOFCs and oxygen sensors.
Concentration of filaggrin monomers, its metabolites and corneocyte surface texture in individuals with a history of atopic dermatitis and controls
Authors: Engebretsen K.A. , Bandier J. , Kezic S. , Riethmüller C. , Heegaard N.H.H. , Carlsen B.C. , Linneberg A. , Johansen J.D. , Thyssen J.P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by skin barrier dysfunction. Notably, a high number of nano‐scale protrusions on the surface of corneocytes, which can be expressed by the Dermal Texture Index (DTI), were recently associated with paediatric AD, loss‐of‐function mutations in filaggrin gene (FLG) and reduced levels of natural moisturizing factors (NMF). No study has so far examined the association between these parameters and monomeric filaggrin levels in adults.ObjectiveTo determine DTI, monomeric filaggrin and NMF in healthy controls and a group of patients with controlled dermatitis.MethodsA total of 67 adults (20 healthy controls and 47 dermatitis patients) were included. In the patient population, a personal history of AD was diagnosed by the U.K. Working Party's Diagnostic Criteria. All participants were tested for FLG mutations (R501X, 2282del4, R2447X). Transepidermal water loss, monomeric filaggrin, DTI and NMF were measured.ResultsIn the patient population, 78.7% (37/47) had a history of AD and 59.5% (28/47) had FLG mutations. Patients had significantly higher levels of DTI and significantly lower levels of monomeric filaggrin and NMF compared to the 20 healthy controls. Among patients, reduced level of monomeric filaggrin and NMF correlated with the presence of FLG mutations and clinical phenotypes such as xerosis, palmar hyperlinearity and AD. Among healthy controls, DTI was significantly higher in the oldest age group compared to the two younger age groups.ConclusionA significant difference in DTI, monomeric filaggrin and NMF levels was found when comparing dermatitis patients with healthy controls. These findings suggest that even mild dermatitis or non‐visible inflammation has a significant and negative effect on the skin barrier as inflammation is known to reduce filaggrin levels. DTI was significantly increased in aged individuals in the healthy control group, suggesting a gradual change in corneocyte morphology with age.
Evaluating Environmental Performance of Industrial Park Development: The Case of Shenyang
Authors: Dong Huijuan , Liu Zuoxi , Geng Yong , Fujita Tsuyoshi , Fujii Minoru , Sun Lu , Zhang Liming 
Published: January 2018

SummaryIn order to improve the overall sustainability of industrial parks, it is necessary to understand the development characteristics of industrial parks so that appropriate management measures can be raised. Under such a circumstance, this study analyzes the changes in the environmental performance of Shenyang Economic and Technology Development Zone (SETDZ) in terms of emergy‐based indicators and explores underlying driving forces using decomposition analysis methods. The results show that in the industrial recruitment stage (2001–2006), the total emergy increased rapidly and the sustainability level decreased significantly because of the exploitation of local resources with the expansion of industrial scale. After entering the industrial cluster and upgrading stage (2007–2010), the total emergy increased even faster, while the environmental performance did not decrease too much because of the improved resource efficiency and improved technological progress. The implementation of industrial symbiosis (IS) (2011–2013) could have further effectively reduced the total emergy consumption and improved the environmental performance, but current symbiosis efforts were not sufficient and need to be further promoted. Gross regional product and area of the industrial park were the most important driving factors to the total emergy for all the development stages. In terms of emergy sustainability, renewable emergy ratio (R1/U) was one key impact factor. Therefore, how to improve the ratio of renewable resources and enhance IS scopes will be the key strategies for its sustainable development.