bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized trial of medroxyprogesterone acetate for the prevention of endometrial pathology from adjuvant tamoxifen for breast cancer: SWOG S9630
Authors: Potkul Ronald K , Unger Joseph M , Livingston Robert B , Crew Katherine D , Wilczynski Sharon P , Salomon Caryl G , Smith Barbara L , Wong Lucas , Campbell David L , Einspahr David E , Anderson Garnet L , Hershman Dawn , Goodman Gary E , Brown Powel H , Meyskens Frank L , Albain Kathy S 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe proliferative effect of adjuvant tamoxifen on the endometrium can potentially result in endometrial abnormalities, including cancer in postmenopausal women. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial to assess endometrial pathological diagnoses in postmenopausal women with early stage, ER-positive breast cancer without endometrial pathology at baseline. They were assigned to tamoxifen alone versus tamoxifen plus cyclical medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA 10 mg for 14 days every 3 months) for 5 years. Endovaginal sonograms (EVS) +/− endometrial biopsies (EMB) were required at baseline, 2 and 5 years. Of 313 patients registered, 296 were eligible and 169 (57%; 89, tamoxifen; 80, tamoxifen+MPA) were evaluable (completed year-2 EVS, with an EMB if stripe width was ⩾5 mm). Sixty (67%) of these in the tamoxifen arm had an endometrial stripe width ⩾5 mm (and underwent subsequent EMB) compared with 48 (60%) in the tamoxifen+MPA arm (P=0.40). There were four cases of proliferative endometrium and one simple hyperplasia on the tamoxifen arm (6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2–13%) among evaluable patients and one proliferative endometrium on the tamoxifen+MPA arm (P=0.11). The overall fraction with benign endometrial abnormalities at year 2 was 3.6% (6/169; 95% CI: 1.3–7.6%), with only 1 (of 102) new benign proliferative event at year 5. The event rate in both arms was much lower than projected, making treatment arm comparisons less informative. A normal endometrium prior to tamoxifen may provide reassurance regarding future endometrial events. However, validation in a larger trial is needed before changing practice in asymptomatic, postmenopausal women.
Isolation of Live Premature Senescent Cells Using FUCCI Technology
Authors: Wang Danli , Lu Ping , Liu Yang , Chen Li , Zhang Rui , Sui Weihao , Dumitru Alexandru George , Chen Xiaowen , Wen Feiqiu , Ouyang Hong-Wei , Ji Junfeng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCellular senescence plays an important role in diverse biological processes such as tumorigenesis and organismal aging. However, lack of methods to specifically identify and isolate live senescent cells hampers the precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating cellular senescence. Here, we report that utilization of fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) technology allows isolation of live premature senescent cells induced by doxorubicin treatment. Exposure of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) to a low dose of doxorubicin led to cellular senescent phenotypes including formation of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci indicative of DNA damage, decreased cell proliferation and increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. Importantly, doxorubicin-induced senescent cells were arrested at S/G2/M phases of cell cycle which can be reported by a construct encoding a fragment of hGeminin fused with monomeric Azami-Green (mAG-hGeminin). Flow cytometric sorting of GFP+ cells from doxorubicin-treated HFFs carrying mAG-hGeminin reporter enabled isolation and enrichment of live senescent cells in the culture. Our study develops a novel method to identify and isolate live premature senescent cells, thereby providing a new tool to study cellular senescence.
Forizymes – functionalised artificial forisomes as a platform for the production and immobilisation of single enzymes and multi-enzyme complexes
Authors: Visser Franziska , Müller Boje , Rose Judith , Prüfer Dirk , Noll Gundula A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe immobilisation of enzymes plays an important role in many applications, including biosensors that require enzyme activity, stability and recyclability in order to function efficiently. Here we show that forisomes (plant-derived mechanoproteins) can be functionalised with enzymes by translational fusion, leading to the assembly of structures designated as forizymes. When forizymes are expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the enzymes are immobilised by the self-assembly of forisome subunits to form well-structured protein bodies. We used glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and hexokinase 2 (HXK2) as model enzymes for the one-step production and purification of catalytically active forizymes. These structures retain the typical stimulus-response reaction of the forisome and the enzyme remains active even after multiple assay cycles, which we demonstrated using G6PDH forizymes as an example. We also achieved the co-incorporation of both HXK2 and G6PDH in a single forizyme, facilitating a two-step reaction cascade that was 30% faster than the coupled reaction using the corresponding enzymes on different forizymes or in solution. Our novel forizyme immobilisation technique therefore not only combines the sensory properties of forisome proteins with the catalytic properties of enzymes but also allows the development of multi-enzyme complexes for incorporation into technical devices.
In-Depth Characterization and Validation of Human Urine Metabolomes Reveal Novel Metabolic Signatures of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: Hao Ling , Greer Tyler , Page David , Shi Yatao , Vezina Chad M. , Macoska Jill A. , Marker Paul C. , Bjorling Dale E. , Bushman Wade , Ricke William A. , Li Lingjun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a range of irritative or obstructive symptoms that commonly afflict aging population. The diagnosis is mostly based on patient-reported symptoms and current medication often fails to completely eliminate these symptoms. There is a pressing need for objective non-invasive approaches to measure symptoms and understand disease mechanisms. We developed an in-depth workflow combining urine metabolomics analysis and machine learning bioinformatics to characterize metabolic alterations and support objective diagnosis of LUTS. Machine learning feature selection and statistical tests were combined to identify candidate biomarkers, which were statistically validated with leave-one-patient-out cross-validation and absolutely quantified by selected reaction monitoring assay. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed highly-accurate prediction power of candidate biomarkers to stratify patients into disease or non-diseased categories. The key metabolites and pathways may be possibly correlated with smooth muscle tone changes, increased collagen content and inflammation, which have been identified as potential contributors to urinary dysfunction in humans and rodents. Periurethral tissue staining revealed a significant increase in collagen content and tissue stiffness in men with LUTS. Together, our study provides the first characterization and validation of LUTS urinary metabolites and pathways to support the future development of a urine-based diagnostic test for LUTS.
Neutron Scattering Studies of the Interplay of Amyloid β Peptide(1–40) and An Anionic Lipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol
Authors: Rai Durgesh K. , Sharma Veerendra K. , Anunciado Divina , O’Neill Hugh , Mamontov Eugene , Urban Volker , Heller William T. , Qian Shuo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe interaction between lipid bilayers and Amyloid β peptide (Aβ) plays a critical role in proliferation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is expected to affect one in every 85 humans by 2050, and therefore, deciphering the interplay of Aβ and lipid bilayers at the molecular level is of profound importance. In this work, we applied an array of neutron scattering methods to study the structure and dynamics of Aβ(1–40) interacting 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DMPG) bilayers. In the structural investigations of lipid bilayer’s response to Aβ binding, Small Angle Neutron Scattering and Neutron Membrane Diffraction revealed that the Aβ anchors firmly to the highly charged DMPG bilayers in the interfacial region between water and hydrocarbon chain, and it doesn’t penetrate deeply into the bilayer. This association mode is substantiated by the dynamics studies with high resolution Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering experiments, showing that the addition of Aβ mainly affects the slower lateral motion of lipid molecules, especially in the fluid phase, but not the faster internal motion. The results revealed that Aβ associates with the highly charged membrane in surface with limited impact on the structure, but the altered membrane dynamics could have more influence on other membrane processes.
Closed-state inactivation involving an internal gate in Kv4.1 channels modulates pore blockade by intracellular quaternary ammonium ions
Authors: Fineberg Jeffrey D. , Szanto Tibor G. , Panyi Gyorgy , Covarrubias Manuel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractVoltage-gated K+ (Kv) channel activation depends on interactions between voltage sensors and an intracellular activation gate that controls access to a central pore cavity. Here, we hypothesize that this gate is additionally responsible for closed-state inactivation (CSI) in Kv4.x channels. These Kv channels undergo CSI by a mechanism that is still poorly understood. To test the hypothesis, we deduced the state of the Kv4.1 channel intracellular gate by exploiting the trap-door paradigm of pore blockade by internally applied quaternary ammonium (QA) ions exhibiting slow blocking kinetics and high-affinity for a blocking site. We found that inactivation gating seemingly traps benzyl-tributylammonium (bTBuA) when it enters the central pore cavity in the open state. However, bTBuA fails to block inactivated Kv4.1 channels, suggesting gated access involving an internal gate. In contrast, bTBuA blockade of a Shaker Kv channel that undergoes open-state P/C-type inactivation exhibits fast onset and recovery inconsistent with bTBuA trapping. Furthermore, the inactivated Shaker Kv channel is readily blocked by bTBuA. We conclude that Kv4.1 closed-state inactivation modulates pore blockade by QA ions in a manner that depends on the state of the internal activation gate.
Photochemical Copper Coating on 3D Printed Thermoplastics
Authors: Yung Winco K. C. , Sun Bo , Huang Junfeng , Jin Yingdi , Meng Zhengong , Choy Hang Shan , Cai Zhixiang , Li Guijun , Ho Cheuk Lam , Yang Jinlong , Wong Wai Yeung 
Published: August 2016

Abstract3D printing using thermoplastics has become very popular in recent years, however, it is challenging to provide a metal coating on 3D objects without using specialized and expensive tools. Herein, a novel acrylic paint containing malachite for coating on 3D printed objects is introduced, which can be transformed to copper via one-step laser treatment. The malachite containing pigment can be used as a commercial acrylic paint, which can be brushed onto 3D printed objects. The material properties and photochemical transformation processes have been comprehensively studied. The underlying physics of the photochemical synthesis of copper was characterized using density functional theory calculations. After laser treatment, the surface coating of the 3D printed objects was transformed to copper, which was experimentally characterized by XRD. 3D printed prototypes, including model of the Statue of Liberty covered with a copper surface coating and a robotic hand with copper interconnections, are demonstrated using this painting method. This composite material can provide a novel solution for coating metals on 3D printed objects. The photochemical reduction analysis indicates that the copper rust in malachite form can be remotely and photo-chemically reduced to pure copper with sufficient photon energy.
Chickpea Ferritin CaFer1 Participates in Oxidative Stress Response and Promotes Growth and Development
Authors: Parveen Shaista , Gupta Deepti Bhushan , Dass Suchismita , Kumar Amit , Pandey Aarti , Chakraborty Subhra , Chakraborty Niranjan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFerritins store and sequester iron and regulate iron homeostasis. The cDNA for a stress-responsive phytoferritin, previously identified in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), was cloned and designated CaFer1. The CaFer1 transcript was strongly induced in chickpea exposed to dehydration, hypersalinity and ABA treatment. Additionally, it has role in the defense against Fusarium oxysporum infection. Functional complementation of the yeast frataxin-deficient mutant, Δyfh1, indicates that CaFer1 functions in oxidative stress. The presence of CaFer1 in the extracellular space besides chloroplast establishes its inimitable nature from that of other phytoferritins. Furthermore, CaFer1 expression in response to iron suggests its differential mechanism of accumulation at two different iron conditions. CaFer1-overexpressing transgenic plants conferred improved growth and development, accompanied by altered expression of iron-responsive genes. Together, these results suggest that the phytoferritin, CaFer1, might play a key role in maintenance of iron buffering and adaptation to environmental challenges.
Brain enhancer activities at the gene-poor 5p14.1 autism-associated locus
Authors: Inoue Yukiko U. , Inoue Takayoshi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDue to the vast clinical and genetic heterogeneity, identification of causal genetic determinants for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has proven to be complex. Whereas several dozen ‘rare’ genetic variants for ASD susceptibility have been identified, studies are still underpowered to analyse ‘common’ variants for their subtle effects. A recent application of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to ASD indicated significant associations with the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 5p14.1, located in a non-coding region between cadherin10 (CDH10) and cadherin9 (CDH9). Here we apply anin vivobacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) based enhancer-trapping strategy in mice to scan the gene desert for spatiotemporalcis-regulatory activities. Our results show that the ASD-associated interval harbors the cortical area, striatum, and cerebellum specific enhancers for a long non-coding RNA, moesin pseudogene1 antisense (MSNP1AS) during the brain developing stages. Mouse moesin protein levels are not affected by exogenously expressed human antisense RNAs in our transgenic brains, demonstrating the difficulty in modeling rather smaller effects of common variants. Our firstin vivoevidence for the spatiotemporal transcription ofMSNP1AShowever provides a further support to connect this intergenic variant with the ASD susceptibility.
Dynamically Tuning the Up-conversion Luminescence of Er3+/Yb3+ Co-doped Sodium Niobate Nano-crystals through Magnetic Field
Authors: Xiao Quanlan , Zhang Yuanhao , Zhang Han , Dong Guoping , Han Junbo , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this work, we show here that the up-conversion luminescence of NaNbO3:Er3+/Yb3+ nano-materials can be modulated by magnetic field and a enhancement of up-conversion intensities by a factor of about 2 for Er3+:4S3/2 → 4I15/2 obtained at 30 T and about 5.4 for Er3+:4F9/2 → 4I15/2 obtained at 20 T. The increased up-conversion luminescence are mainly interpreted in terms of the enhanced non-radiation transition from 4I11/2 to 4I13/2 of Er3+ ions and the spin-orbital coupling (that is “mixing” effect) in crystal field by an external magnetic field. Meanwhile, we observed continuously spectra broadening with growing the magnetic field intensity, which is ascribed to the “mixing” effect induced by magnetic field and the difference of g factor of sub-bands. This bi-functional material with controllable optical-magnetic interactions has various potential applications, such as optical detection of magnetic field, etc.
‘Atherothrombosis-associated microRNAs in Antiphospholipid syndrome and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients’
Authors: Pérez-Sánchez C. , Aguirre M. A. , Ruiz-Limón P. , Barbarroja N. , Jiménez-Gómez Y. , de la Rosa I. Arias , Rodriguez-Ariza A. , Collantes-Estévez E. , Segui P. , Velasco F. , Cuadrado M. J. , Teruel R. , González-Conejero R. , Martínez C. , López-Pedrera Ch. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMicroRNAs markedly affect the immune system and have a relevant role in CVD and autoimmune diseases. Yet, no study has analyzed their involvement in atherothrombosis related to APS and SLE patients. This study intended to: 1) identify and characterize microRNAs linked to CVD in APS and SLE; 2) assess the effects of specific autoantibodies. Six microRNAs, involved in atherothrombosis development, were quantified in purified leukocytes from 23 APS and 64 SLE patients, and 56 healthy donors. Levels of microRNAs in neutrophils were lower in APS and SLE than in healthy donors. Gene and protein expression of miRNA biogenesis-related molecules were also reduced. Accordingly, more than 75% of identified miRNAs by miRNA profiling were underexpressed. In monocytes, miR124a and -125a were low, while miR-146a and miR-155 appeared elevated. Altered microRNAs’ expression was linked to autoimmunity, thrombosis, early atherosclerosis and oxidative stress in both pathologies. In vitro treatment of neutrophils, monocytes and ECs with aPL-IgG or anti-dsDNA-IgG antibodies deregulated microRNAs expression and decreased miRNA biogenesis-related proteins. Monocyte transfections with pre-miR-124a and/or -125a caused reduction in atherothrombosis-related target molecules. In conclusion, microRNA biogenesis, significantly altered in neutrophils of APS and SLE patients, is associated to their atherothrombotic status, further modulated by specific autoantibodies.
Adiabatic quenches and characterization of amplitude excitations in a continuous quantum phase transition
Authors: Hoang Thai M. , Bharath Hebbe M. , Boguslawski Matthew J. , Anquez Martin , Robbins Bryce A. , Chapman Michael S. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Symmetry-breaking phase transitions play important roles in many areas of physics, including cosmology, particle physics, and condensed matter. The freezing of water provides a familiar example: The translational and rotational symmetries of water are reduced upon crystallization. In this work, we investigate symmetry-breaking phase transitions of the magnetic properties of an ultracold atomic gas in the quantum regime. We measure the excitations of the quantum magnets in different phases and show that the excitation energy (gap) remains finite at the phase transition. We exploit the nonzero gap to demonstrate an adiabatic (reversible) quench across the phase transition. Adiabatic quantum quenches underlie proposals for generating massively entangled spin states and are fundamental to the ideas of adiabatic quantum computation.
Atom-scale depth localization of biologically important chemical elements in molecular layers
Authors: Schneck Emanuel , Scoppola Ernesto , Drnec Jakub , Mocuta Cristian , Felici Roberto , Novikov Dmitri , Fragneto Giovanna , Daillant Jean 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Interfacial molecular layers are a major component of all biological matter and also play key roles in most biotechnological applications. The understanding of important biological processes involving molecular layers typically relies on detailed structural insight. We demonstrate that standing-wave X-ray fluorescence enables the label-free, element-specific structural investigation of molecular layers at atom-scale resolution perpendicular to the interface. The present work establishes a promising approach to the comprehensive structural analysis of complex biological and biotechnologically relevant surfaces.
Paraphrasing exercises and training for Chinese to English consecutive interpreting
Authors: Cheung Andrew K.F. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This study investigates the effectiveness of incorporating paraphrasing exercises into interpreter training, specifically in relation to interpreting from Chinese to English. owever, there is a lack of empirical data supporting the use of paraphrasing exercises in interpreter training. The quantitative and qualitative data collected from 85 interpreter trainees in this study suggest that paraphrasing may be an effective teaching approach, especially when trainees are learning to interpret from a high-context language to a low-context language. The data suggest that paraphrasing exercises benefit learners abilities to process the source language at both the structural and informational levels, as paraphrasing in interpreter training is not limited to semantic and syntactic changes. The articulation and checking of the paraphrased version also help to enhance source language comprehension and organization, leading to a better rendition in a different language.
Enseignement de la traduction et de l’interprétation par continent et par pays et recherche traductologique
Authors: Choi Jungwha 
Published: August 2016

Résumé
L’étude de l’enseignement de l’interprétation et de la traduction par continent et par pays, l’étude de la discipline par niveau de diplôme, le développement des études sur la théorie en interprétation et en traduction ainsi que le nombre de publications internationales croissant dans le domaine montre que la discipline connaît un nouvel essor sur le plan académique.
Et l’Europe possède également le plus grand nombre d’écoles d’interprétation et de traduction. Avec le développement de la discipline, les écoles d’Europe, d’Amérique mais aussi d’Asie ne se contentent plus de formations de niveau licence ou master, elles visent désormais jusqu’au doctorat. Parmi les 3 principaux pays d’Asie que sont la Chine, le Japon et la Corée du Sud, deux pays, à savoir la Chine et la Corée du Sud, propose des formations de doctorat.
Et la Corée du Sud est pour le moment le seul pays en Asie à publier une revue internationale en la matière. La revue Forum jouera un rôle de pont accru entre l’Orient et l’Occident.
Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Cao Zeling , Mathai Stephen C. , Hummers Laura K. , Shah Ami A. , Wigley Fredrick M. , Lechtzin Noah , Hassoun Paul M. , Girgis Reda E. 
Published: August 2016

The fractional exhaled concentration of nitric oxide (FENO) has been shown to be reduced in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) but has not been adequately studied in PAH associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc). We measured FENO at an expiratory flow rate of 50 mL/s in 21 treatment‐naive patients with SSc‐associated PAH (SSc‐PAH), 94 subjects with SSc without pulmonary involvement, and 84 healthy volunteers. Measurements of FENO at additional flow rates of 100, 150, and 250 mL/s were obtained to derive the flow‐independent nitric oxide exchange parameters of maximal airway flux (J′awNO) and steady‐state alveolar concentration (CANO). FENO at 50 mL/s was similar (P = 0.22) in the SSc‐PAH group (19 ± 12 parts per billion [ppb]) compared with the SSc group (17 ± 12 ppb) and healthy control group (21 ± 11 ppb). No change was observed after 4 months of targeted PAH therapy in 14 SSc‐PAH group patients (P = 0.9). J′awNO was modestly reduced in SSc group subjects without lung disease (1.2 ± 0.5 nl/s) compared with healthy controls (1.64 ± 0.9; P < 0.05) but was similar to that in the SSc‐PAH group. CANO was elevated in individuals with SSc‐PAH (4.8 ± 2.6 ppb) compared with controls with SSc (3.3 ± 1.4 ppb) and healthy subjects (2.6 ± 1.5 ppb; P < 0.001 for both). However, after adjustment for the diffusing capacity of CO, there was no significant difference in CANO between individuals with SSc‐PAH and controls with SSc. We conclude that FENO is not useful for the diagnosis of PAH in SSc. Increased alveolar nitric oxide in SSc‐PAH likely represents impaired diffusion into pulmonary capillary blood.