bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Cytokine Signaling and Extracellular Matrix Production Induced by Inflammatory Factors in Cultured Vocal Fold Fibroblasts
Authors: Lim Xinhong , Bless Diane M. , Muñoz-Del-Río Alejandro , Welham Nathan V. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives: Modulating cytokine signaling in vocal fold fibroblasts after injury may influence extracellular matrix (ECM) production and eventual fibrotic outcome. To evaluate previously established in vivo cytokine and ECM gene expression hypotheses, we examined in vitro vocal fold fibroblast responses to exogenous inflammatory factor stimulation.Methods: Rat vocal fold fibroblast lines derived from expiants were separately treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-α), transforming growth factor β subtype 1 (TGF-β1), or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). We examined the in vitro messenger RNA expression profiles of IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), as well as those of hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS) 1, HAS-2, procollagen subtype 1, and procollagen subtype 3, at 1, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 72 hours after treatment, and compared them to those of untreated fibroblasts and in vivo data, using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results: IL-Iβ and TNF-α induced each other and synergistically increased HAS-1 and HAS-2 expression. PGE2also up-regulated HAS-1 and HAS-2 expression. IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 up-regulated HAS expression alongside either transient up-regulation of, or no change in, procollagen 1 and 3 expression. Most treatments appeared to suppress procollagen expression, possibly through HAS up-regulation. All inflammatory factors attenuated TGF-β1 expression.Conclusions: These results confirm several in vivo trends, identify potential cytokine pathways and therapeutic candidates, and suggest the utility of this in vitro setup for future studies.
Comparative Study of Vocal Outcomes with Silicone versus Gore-Tex Thyroplasty
Authors: Suehiro Atsushi , Hirano Shigeru , Kishimoto Yo , Tanaka Shinzo , Ford Charles N. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives We examined vocal outcomes of patients who underwent type I thyroplasty for unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Specifically, the vocal outcomes were compared between 15 patients whose thyroplasties were performed with silicone and 15 patients whose thyroplasties were performed with Gore-Tex. Methods The examined clinical characteristics did not differ significantly between the groups. The vocal outcomes were evaluated by aerodynamic and acoustic measurements. Results Aerodynamic examination indicated significant postoperative improvements in the maximum phonation time and mean flow rate in both groups. Shimmer was significantly improved only in the Gore-Tex group. A direct comparison between groups showed no significant difference in the degree of improvement of the vocal parameters, except for a significant improvement in the noise-to-harmonics ratio in the Gore-Tex group. The duration of surgery was significantly less in the Gore-Tex group than in the silicone group. Conclusions Gore-Tex thyroplasty is considered to be comparable to silicone thyroplasty in terms of postoperative vocal outcomes. Gore-Tex thyroplasty enables a less invasive procedure with a shorter surgical duration and easier adjustment of medialization due to its flexibility.
Extended Lateral Pharyngotomy for Selected Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Lateral Tongue Base
Authors: Laccourreye Ollivier , Seccia Veronica , Ménard Madeleine , Garcia Dominique , Vacher Christian , Holsinger F. Christopher 
Published: May 2017

Objectives In a retrospective review of an inception cohort of 26 patients with an isolated, previously untreated, moderately to well-differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the lateral tongue base, consecutively managed with an extended lateral pharyngotomy approach at a single tertiary referral care center, the authors review the key surgical points, highlight the potential technical pitfalls, and document the complications and long-term functional and oncological outcomes in terms of survival and local control. Methods The adjunctive measures included induction chemotherapy, ipsilateral neck dissection, and postoperative radiotherapy, used in 96.1%, 96.1%, and 38.5% of patients, respectively. All patients but 2 were followed for at least 5 years or until death (maximum, 158 months). Results The significant postoperative complications included pharyngocutaneous fistula in 3 patients (11.5%) and hemorrhage requiring reoperation, partial flap necrosis, and pneumonia from aspiration in 1 patient (3.8%) each. In univariate analysis, no significant statistical relationship was noted between the significant postoperative complications noted and the variables under analysis. Overall, successful oral alimentation was achieved in 100% of patients by the first postoperative month without gastrostomy, tracheotomy, or completion total laryngectomy. There were no intraoperative or perioperative deaths. The main causes of death were metachronous second primary tumor, intercurrent disease, and distant metastasis, resulting in 84.6%, 64%, and 46.9% 1-, 3-, and 5-year Kaplan-Meier actuarial survival estimates, respectively. Two patients (7.6%) had local recurrence, resulting in 100%, 86.7%, and 86.7% 1-, 3-, and 5-year Kaplan-Meier actuarial local control estimates, respectively. As a function of T stage, the 3- and 5-year actuarial local control estimates were 100%, 87.5%, and 90.9% in patients with tumors classified as T1, T2, and T3–T4a, respectively. Conclusions Such results suggest that extended lateral pharyngotomy should be integrated among the various conservative treatment options available to patients with selected carcinomas of the lateral tongue base.
Techniques of Celloidin Removal from Temporal Bone Sections
Authors: O'malley Jennifer T. , Burgess Barbara J. , Jones Diane D. , Adams Joe C. , Merchant Saumil N. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives We sought to determine whether the technique of celloidin removal influences the results of immunostaining in celloidin-embedded cochleae. Methods We compared four protocols of celloidin removal, including those using clove oil, acetone, ether-alcohol, and methanol saturated with sodium hydroxide. By optimally fixing our tissue (perfused mice), and keeping constant the fixative type (formalin plus acetic acid), fixation time (25 hours), and decalcification time (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for 7 days), we determined whether the technique of celloidin removal influenced the immunostaining results. Six antibodies were used with each removal method: prostaglandin D synthase, sodium, potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+JC+-ATPase), aquaporin 1, connective tissue growth factor, tubulin, and 200 kd neurofilament. Results Clove oil, acetone, and ether-alcohol resulted in incomplete removal of the celloidin, thereby negatively affecting the results of immunostaining. The methanol-sodium hydroxide method was effective in completely removing the celloidin; it produced the cleanest and most reproducible immunostaining for all six antibodies. Conclusions Freshly prepared methanol saturated with sodium hydroxide and diluted 1:2 with methanol was the best solvent for removing celloidin from mouse temporal bone sections, resulting in consistent and reproducible immunostaining with the six antibodies tested.
New Mouse Model for Studying Laryngeal Transplantation
Authors: Shipchandler Taha Z. , Lott David G. , Lorenz Robert R. , Friedman Aaron D. , Dan Olivia , Strome Marshall 
Published: May 2017

Objectives Laryngeal transplantation research has been studied in various animal models. For in-depth, immunology-based transplantation research, however, a thoroughly studied animal model must exist. The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable surgical technique in mice to serve as a model for further study of laryngeal transplantation. Methods Heterotopic laryngeal transplantation was attempted in 15 immunocompetent mice by use of modifications of previously described techniques established in rats. Results Various microvascular techniques were used that led to 8 successful transplants (of 15) with patent vascularity at the time of sacrifice. The first 7 attempts at transplantation were unsuccessful because of technical difficulties related to vessel size, soft tissue traumatic injury, and venous congestion. Subsequently, 8 transplantation procedures were successfully performed after modifications of the surgical technique. Conclusions This pilot study describes the reproducible surgical techniques performed in using mice for studying laryngeal transplantation. Mice are cost-effective and immunologically well studied, and are thus ideal for further laryngeal transplantation research.
Effectiveness of Calcium Hydroxylapatite Paste in Vocal Rehabilitation
Authors: Gillespie M. Boyd , Dozier Thomas S. , Day Terry A. , Martin-Harris Bonnie , Nguyen Shaun A. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives We determined the effectiveness of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) paste in vocal rehabilitation. Methods We examined a retrospective case series of 39 adult patients who underwent CaHA paste injection for vocal fold rehabilitation over a 5-year period. The outcomes included the change in the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) score; procedure-related complications; and the need for follow-up voice procedures. Results The VHI scores demonstrated overall improvement, with a decrease from the preoperative mean of 61.2 ± 24.0 to a postoperative mean of 35.9 ± 26.3 (p = 0.0001) after a mean follow-up time of 17.8 ± 13.6 months. The procedure was more likely to succeed in patients with paralysis and/or paresis than in patients with glottic soft tissue defects. After injection, the VHI scores worsened in 3 of 7 patients (43%) in the soft tissue defect group, compared to only 2 of 28 (7%) in the paralysis and/or paresis group (p = 0.04). Four of 7 patients with soft tissue defects (57%) required secondary vocal procedures to improve the voice, compared to only 2 of 32 (6%) in the paralysis and/or paresis group (p = 0.006). Conclusions Injection of CaHA paste results in significantly improved vocal scores in the majority of patients. Use of the paste was less satisfactory in patients with soft tissue defects because of poor retention of the paste in the scarred vocal fold remnant.
Acute Mastoiditis in Children: Is Computed Tomography Always Necessary?
Authors: Tamir Sharon , Schwartz Yehuda , Peleg Uri , Perez Ronen , Sichel Jean-Yves 
Published: May 2017

Objectives Acute mastoiditis (AM) is the most common intratemporal complication of acute otitis media in children. In the past decade, reports have indicated a rise in the incidence of AM in the pediatric population. A parallel rise in the use of computed tomography (CT) imaging has occurred. The rise in the use of CT scanning in the pediatric population, entraining with it a rise in pediatric brain irradiation, has led us to question the necessity of using CT for pediatric patients with AM. Methods We reviewed the medical files of pediatric patients who had AM in the years 2005 through 2007. Results Fifty patients were identified. The gender distribution was equal, and the ages ranged from 4 months to 12 years. Of the 46 patients who were admitted to our institution “de novo,” only 2 underwent CT scanning on admission, and 4 other patients had CT performed during hospitalization. The majority of patients (92%) with AM did not have a CT scan performed and were treated conservatively with no complications. Conclusions In most pediatric patients, CT does not seem to be indispensable in the diagnosis of AM. Conservative therapy and close follow-up seem to suffice for most.
Typing Vocal Fold Vibratory Patterns in Excised Larynx Experiments Via Digital Kymography
Authors: Zhang Yu , Krausert Christopher R. , Kelly Michael P. , Jiang Jack J. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives Signal typing is central to the understanding of vocal fold vibratory patterns. Digital kymography (DKG) allows the direct observation of vocal fold vibratory patterns, and therefore, using DKG for vibratory signal typing may provide a useful complement to traditional signal typing techniques. Methods Video data collected from 20 larynges excised from mongrel dogs were observed with DKG in order to find examples of type 1 (nearly periodic), type 2 (subharmonic), and type 3 (aperiodic) vibratory patterns. The time series, frequency spectra, and correlation dimensions were calculated for each signal type. Results The type 1 pattern showed a periodic time series of glottal edges and a discrete frequency spectrum. The type 2 vibratory pattern displayed a time series of alternating high- and low-amplitude waves and a frequency spectrum that included a subharmonic (F0/2) frequency component. Regular and symmetric vibratory patterns were observed in the type 1 and type 2 patterns. The type 3 vibratory pattern was characterized by an aperiodic time series of glottal edges, a broadband frequency spectrum, and irregular and asymmetric vibratory patterns. The correlation dimension estimates increased from type 1 to type 2 to type 3. Conclusions Imaging with DKG demonstrated an ability to assign a signal type to various laryngeal vibrations. Signal typing techniques utilizing direct observation of the vocal folds could be useful in determining valid methods for the analysis of vocal fold vibrations.
Anatomy-Based Algorithms for Detecting Oral Cancer Using Reflectance and Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: McGee Sasha , Mardirossian Vartan , Elackattu Alphi , Mirkovic Jelena , Pistey Robert , Gallagher George , Kabani Sadru , Yu Chung-Chieh , Wang Zimmern , Badizadegan Kamran , Grillone Gregory , Feld Michael S. 
Published: May 2017

Objective We used reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy to noninvasively and quantitatively distinguish benign from dysplastic/malignant oral lesions. We designed diagnostic algorithms to account for differences in the spectral properties among anatomic sites (gingiva, buccal mucosa, etc). Methods In vivo reflectance and fluorescence spectra were collected from 71 patients with oral lesions. The tissue was then biopsied and the specimen evaluated by histopathology. Quantitative parameters related to tissue morphology and biochemistry were extracted from the spectra. Diagnostic algorithms specific for combinations of sites with similar spectral properties were developed. Results Discrimination of benign from dysplastic/malignant lesions was most successful when algorithms were designed for individual sites (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve [ROC-AUC], 0.75 for the lateral surface of the tongue) and was least accurate when all sites were combined (ROC-AUC, 0.60). The combination of sites with similar spectral properties (floor of mouth and lateral surface of the tongue) yielded an ROC-AUC of 0.71. Conclusions Accurate spectroscopic detection of oral disease must account for spectral variations among anatomic sites. Anatomy-based algorithms for single sites or combinations of sites demonstrated good diagnostic performance in distinguishing benign lesions from dysplastic/malignant lesions and consistently performed better than algorithms developed for all sites combined.
Surgical Rehabilitation of Voice and Swallowing after Jugular Foramen Surgery
Authors: Oestreicher-Kedem Yael , Agrawal Sumit , Jackler Robert K. , Damrose Edward J. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives We sought to determine the patient population that will benefit from surgical rehabilitation of voice and swallowing after jugular foramen tumor (JFT) resection. Methods We performed a retrospective case study of patients with a history of JFT resection. The patients' files were reviewed for data on preoperative and postoperative function of cranial nerves VII and IX through XII, voice and swallowing function, and surgical procedures for voice and swallowing rehabilitation and their timing. Results Twenty-one patients underwent JFT resection. Thirty-eight percent presented with deficits of cranial nerves VII and IX through XII, and 61% developed new postoperative deficits. Three patients recovered glossopharyngeal nerve function, 2 recovered vagus nerve function, and 1 recovered facial nerve function. Surgical rehabilitation procedures were undertaken in 8 patients. Patients who eventually underwent surgical rehabilitation procedures for voice and swallowing tended to have larger tumors, tumors within the nerve bundle in the jugular foramen, and multiple nerve deficits. Conclusions Most patients with multiple deficits of cranial nerves VII and IX through XII after JFT resection are unlikely to regain spontaneous nerve function, will experience long-term dysphonia and dysphagia, and will elect to undergo corrective surgery to improve voice and swallowing. Preoperative evaluation and close postoperative follow-up can identify patients who would benefit from early surgical rehabilitation.
Trends in Scientific Interest of the American Broncho-Esophagological Association
Authors: Jacobson Joel P. , Har-El Gady 
Published: May 2017

Objectives The specialty of otolaryngology in the United States has changed dramatically over the past century, and this is particularly true in the field of bronchoesophagology, which has evolved from a new specialty at the beginning of the 20th century to one that is now multidisciplinary and further subspecialized. The purpose of this report was to trace the evolution of bronchoesophagology over the past 60 years by examining and quantitating the scientific subject matter of the annual meetings of the American Broncho-Esophagological Association (ABEA). Methods The Transactions of the ABEA annual meetings from the 1940s to the present day were examined in depth for subject matter, and articles were categorized by topic. Each decade was represented by 3 years. Data were sorted into 3 domains: 1) anatomic area, 2) adult versus pediatric, and 3) subject matter, including neoplasms, infectious diseases, foreign bodies, technologies, function, and trauma. The overall changes were quantified to outline the direction and interests of the ABEA. Results We reviewed 483 scientific articles from the 1940s into the present decade, with a mean of 69.7 papers (SD, 32.4) representing each decade. Bronchology and pulmonology decreased in percentage of papers, from 43% and 17.9% in 1940 to 1.7% and 2.6%, respectively, in the 2000s. Laryngology evolved from 12.5% to 58.1%. Esophagology peaked in the 1950s at 35.7%, dropped to 4% in the 1980s, and then rose to its present-day level of 15.4%. Trends were also discernible in gastric and tracheal areas. Pediatric topics rose to 26.7% in the 1980s, then declined to their present level of 12.8%. Topics related to aerodigestive tract function increased from 3.6% to 34.2%, and presentation of technology declined from 23.2% in the 1940s to nil in the 2000s. Trends in neoplasms, infectious diseases, foreign bodies, and trauma were less significant. Conclusions Analysis of the data reveals changing trends in the focus of the ABEA. The changing focus of the ABEA has paralleled scientific advances in our field, as well as the rise of other subspecialties such as interventional pulmonology and gastroenterology.
Extraluminal Perforation Complicating Foreign Bodies in the Upper Aerodigestive Tract
Authors: Al-Sebeih Khalid , Abu-Shara Khairy-Alhag , Sobeih Amro 
Published: May 2017

Objectives Ingestion of a foreign body is a common problem in nearly all otolaryngology practices. One of the uncommon complications of ingested foreign bodies is penetration and migration of the object, which may lead to serious morbidity and/or death. This study will evaluate the presentation, complications, and management of different sites of penetration. Methods We present a retrospective study of a series of 11 patients who presented with a penetrating foreign body of the upper aerodigestive tract in the past 10 years. Results All of the patients had radiologic evidence of a foreign body, but negative findings on rigid endoscopy. A computed tomographic scan was done to confirm the presence of a penetrating foreign body. The foreign body was lodged in the extrapharyngeal tissue in 6 patients, was lodged in the upper thyroid pole in 2 patients, had penetrated a Zenker's diverticulum in 2 patients, and had migrated to the thoracic retroesophageal tissue in 1 patient. All patients underwent extraction of the foreign body by an external approach. Conclusions Although the occurrence is rare, impacted foreign bodies in the upper digestive tract can perforate and migrate into the soft tissue of the neck. In the presence of negative findings on endoscopy, a computed tomographic scan of the neck is essential for the prompt diagnosis and management of perforating foreign bodies.
Endoscopic Laser Anterior Commissurotomy for Anterior Glottic Web: One-Stage Procedure
Authors: Su Chih-Ying , Alswiahb Jamil N. , Hwang Chung-Feng , Hsu Cheng-Ming , Wu Pei-Yin , Huang Hsun-Hsien 
Published: May 2017

Objectives The conventional method for preventing web formation after anterior glottic web surgery is keel insertion. However, this presents risks of airway compromise and granulation tissue formation, which could necessitate tracheotomy in addition to a secondary procedure for keel removal. We introduce a novel, 1-stage endoscopic laser anterior commissurotomy for preventing anterior glottic web re-formation. Methods Twenty patients with glottic webs involving the anterior commissure were studied. The lesions were removed by transoral carbon dioxide laser microsurgery. In all patients, the anterior glottic web was vaporized along with the inner perichondrium of the thyroid cartilage over the anterior commissure area, creating a raw vertical break “alley” between the anterior vocal folds that measured between 0.3 and 0.5 cm in width and between 0.8 and 2 cm in length. The preoperative and postoperative vocal folds and voice quality were evaluated by videostrobolaryngoscopy and voice recordings. Results All 20 patients had anterior glottic webs ranging from 11 % to 64% of the length from the anterior commissure to the vocal process. None of the patients developed restenosis at the anterior commissure of a severity similar to that of the initial lesion during follow-up (mean, 13 months; range, 3 to 44 months). All patients except 1 reported satisfaction with their voice improvement. Outcome analysis revealed that partial re-formation of the web was noted in 4 patients. Conclusions One-stage, endoscopic laser anterior commissurotomy was effective and relatively safe for removing glottic webs, for preventing anterior glottic web re-formation, and for improving vocal fold performance among our patients.