bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Interhospital Transfer on Outcomes in Non‐emergency Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Sharp Stephen P. , Schuster Daniel J. , Ata Ashar , Valerian Brian T. , Canete Jonathan J. , Chismark A. David , Lee Edward C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundA paucity of data exists on the impact of transfer status on outcomes for patients undergoing non‐emergency (urgent) colorectal surgery. This study characterized transferred patients undergoing urgent colorectal surgery and determined which patient comorbidities significantly contributed to poor outcomes.MethodsThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2012 to 2013 was used. Urgent direct admissions undergoing colon, rectum, or small bowel operations were compared to urgent transfers using bivariate and multivariable analysis models. Primary outcomes were overall complications, hospital length of stay, and mortality.ResultsA total of 82,151 admissions were analyzed. After multivariable analysis, direct admission patients had nearly similar risk of complications (RR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.91–0.99) and length of hospital stay (7% shorter; 95% CI 4–9%), as well as no difference in mortality (RR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.80–1.11).ConclusionsTransfer status alone confers minimal risk toward higher complication rates and longer hospital length of stay in patients undergoing urgent colorectal surgery, and the poor outcomes observed in this cohort are largely due to patient comorbidities and disease severity. Our results suggest that outcomes in transferred colorectal surgery patients undergoing urgent operations depend mainly on operative acuity and clinical factors, and to a lesser degree transfer status.
Translating Evidence Into Practice: How Advanced Practice RNs Can Guide Nurses in Challenging Established Practice to Arrive at Best Practice
Authors: Fencl Jennifer L. , Matthews Candace 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNursing is an information‐intensive profession, requiring nurses to have high information literacy and the skills to find, understand, evaluate, and use information from a multitude of sources. The advanced practice RN (APRN) is a valuable resource to support and guide nurses in this effort. The APRN's skills encompass understanding and implementing evidence‐based practice, evaluating the organizational structure (eg, units, facilities, multisystem organizations) across the continuum of care, and facilitating collaboration between perioperative nurses and other interprofessional team members to sustain practice changes in the clinical setting. Perioperative APRNs play an important role as evidence‐based practice experts to assist with translating research and evidence into clinical practice for safe, quality care in the perioperative setting.
Clinical Issues—November 2017
Authors: Johnstone Esther M. 
Published: October 2017

This MonthHeating, ventilation, and air‐conditioning (HVAC) systems in the ORKey words: airborne contaminants, HVAC system, air pressure, air quality, temperature and humidity.Air changes and positive pressureKey words: air changes, positive pressure airflow, unidirectional airflow, outdoor air, recirculated air.Product selectionKey word: product evaluation, product selection, selection committee.Entry into practiceKey words: associate degree in nursing, bachelor of science in nursing, entry‐level position, advanced education, BSN‐prepared RNs.Mentoring in perioperative nursingKey words: mentor, novice, practice improvement, nursing workforce.
CD209-336A/G promotor polymorphism and its clinical associations in sickle cell disease Egyptian Pediatric patients
Authors: Afifi Rasha Abdel-Raouf , Kamal Dina , Sayed Riham El. , Ekladious Sherif M.M. , Shaheen Gehan H. , Yousry Sherif M. , Hussein Rania Elsayed 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
To detect the frequency of CD209 A>G polymorphism in sickle cell disease (SCD) Egyptian patients and to evaluate the use of CD209 A>G polymorphism as a genetic predictor of SCD clinical heterogeneity.

Methods:
A total of 100 Egyptian children with SCD and 100 Egyptian controls were tested for CD209 A>G polymorphism and were followed up prospectively between June 2012 and December 2014.

Results:
Comparison of CD209 A>G polymorphism among cases and controls did not show statistically significant difference (p = .742). In addition, comparison of the allelic frequency did not show statistically significant difference (p = .738). Infections occurred more frequently among the heterozygous genotype (AG; 60.5%) and homozygous genotype (GG; 75%) patients than among the wild (AA) genotype (24.1%; p < .001). The use of hydroxyurea treatment was significantly higher among the wild (AA) genotype (47%) than the heterozygous (AG; 21%) and homozygous (GG; 5%) genotypes (p = .003).

Conclusion:
We found no significant difference between our population of Egyptian SCD cases and controls regarding CD209 A>G polymorphism. Infections occurred more frequently among the heterozygous genotype (AG) and homozygous genotype (GG) patients.
Association Between Marijuana Use and Sexual Frequency in the United States: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Sun Andrew J. , Eisenberg Michael L. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
Marijuana use is increasingly prevalent in the United States. Effects of marijuana use on sexual function are unclear, with contradictory reports of enhancement and detriment existing.

Aim
To elucidate whether a relation between marijuana use and sexual frequency exists using a nationally representative sample of reproductive-age men and women.

Methods
We analyzed data from cycle 6 (2002), cycle 7 (2006–2010), and continuous survey (2011–2015) administrations of the National Survey of Family Growth, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. We used a multivariable model, controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and anthropographic characteristics, to evaluate whether a relationship between marijuana use and sexual frequency exists.

Outcomes
Sexual frequency within the 4 weeks preceding survey administration related to marijuana use and frequency in the year preceding survey administration.

Results
The results of 28,176 women (average age = 29.9 years) and 22,943 men (average age = 29.5) were analyzed. More than 60% of men and women were Caucasian, and 76.1% of men and 80.4% of women reported at least a high school education. After adjustment, female monthly (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.07–1.68, P = .012), weekly (IRR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.15–1.60, P &lt; .001), and daily (IRR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.01–1.32, P = .035) marijuana users had significantly higher sexual frequency compared with never users. Male weekly (IRR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.06–1.41, P = .006) and daily (IRR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.21–1.53, P &lt; .001) users had significantly higher sexual frequency compared with never users. An overall trend for men (IRR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.05–1.11, P &lt; .001) and women (IRR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.04–1.10, P &lt; .001) was identified showing that higher marijuana use was associated with increased coital frequency.

Clinical Implications
Marijuana use is independently associated with increased sexual frequency and does not appear to impair sexual function.

Strengths and Limitations
Our study used a large well-controlled cohort and clearly defined end points to describe a novel association between marijuana use and sexual frequency. However, survey responses were self-reported and represent participants only at a specific point in time. Participants who did not answer questions related to marijuana use and sexual frequency were excluded.

Conclusion
A positive association between marijuana use and sexual frequency is seen in men and women across all demographic groups. Although reassuring, the effects of marijuana use on sexual function warrant further study.
Diagnostic Validity of Combining History Elements and Physical Examination Tests for Traumatic and Degenerative Symptomatic Meniscal Tears
Authors: Décary Simon , Fallaha Michel , Frémont Pierre , Martel‐Pelletier Johanne , Pelletier Jean‐Pierre , Feldman Debbie E. , Sylvestre Marie‐Pierre , Vendittoli Pascal‐André , Desmeules François 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe current approach to the clinical diagnosis of traumatic and degenerative symptomatic meniscal tears (SMTs) proposes combining history elements and physical examination tests without systematic prescription of imaging investigations, yet the evidence to support this diagnostic approach is scarce.ObjectiveTo assess the validity of diagnostic clusters combining history elements and physical examination tests to diagnose or exclude traumatic and degenerative SMT compared with other knee disorders.DesignProspective diagnostic accuracy study.SettingsPatients were recruited from 2 orthopedic clinics, 2 family medicine clinics, and from a university community.PatientsA total of 279 consecutive patients who underwent consultation for a new knee complaint.MethodsEach patient was assessed independently by 2 evaluators. History elements and standardized physical examination tests performed by a physiotherapist were compared with the reference standard: an expert physicians' composite diagnosis including a clinical examination and confirmatory magnetic resonance imaging. Participating expert physicians were orthopedic surgeons (n = 3) or sport medicine physicians (n = 2). Penalized logistic regression (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) was used to identify history elements and physical examination tests associated with the diagnosis of SMT and recursive partitioning was used to develop diagnostic clusters.Main Outcome MeasuresDiagnostic accuracy measures were calculated including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+/–) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsEighty patients had a diagnosis of SMT (28.7%), including 35 traumatic tears and 45 degenerative tears. The combination a history of trauma during a pivot, medial knee pain location, and a positive medial joint line tenderness test was able to diagnose (LR+ = 8.9; 95% CI 6.1‐13.1) or exclude (LR– = 0.10; 95% CI 0.03‐0.28) a traumatic SMT. Combining a history of progressive onset of pain, medial knee pain location, pain while pivoting, absence of valgus or varus knee misalignment, or full passive knee flexion was able to moderately diagnose (LR+ = 6.4; 95% CI 4.0‐10.4) or exclude (LR– = 0.10; 95% CI 0.03‐0.31) a degenerative SMT. Internal validation estimates were slightly lower for all clusters but demonstrated positive LR superior to 5 and negative LR inferior to 0.2 indicating moderate shift in posttest probability.ConclusionDiagnostic clusters combining history elements and physical examination tests can support the differential diagnosis of SMT. These results represent the initial derivation of the clusters and external validation is mandatory.Level of EvidenceI
Plebeian Tribunes and the Government of Early Rome
Authors: Drogula Fred K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMany modern scholars have argued that the consulship was not created at the foundation of the Republic as Roman tradition maintained, and that the government of the early Republic went through several stages of development before it reached the familiar ‘classical constitution.’ Building on this work, this article considers what the early civilian government of Rome may have looked like. It is argued that the Romans did not create an entirely new government (based on consuls) following the removal of the monarchy, but instead made use of existing sources of power and authority: rich land-owning clans dominated military activity outside the city, while priests, thecuriae, and minor officials exercised responsibilities of civilian governance in Rome. The plebeian tribunate was probably the first significant office to be created in the Republic, and the unusual nature of its power (sacrosanctity) and the absence of any other chief magistracy enabled the tribunes to acquire a broad range of prerogatives. A series of reforms eventually led to the development of the familiar ‘classical constitution’, and the consulship and praetorship became the most prestigious and desired magistracies (and—outside the city—the most powerful), but the tribunes long retained the broadest prerogatives for civilian governance inside the city.
Reynolds number scaling in cryogenic turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a cylindrical aspect ratio one cell
Authors: Musilová Věra , Králík Tomáš , La Mantia Marco , Macek Michal , Urban Pavel , Skrbek Ladislav 
Published: October 2017

We perform an experimental study of turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection up to very high Rayleigh number, $10^{8}<Ra<10^{14}$, in a cylindrical aspect ratio one cell, 30 cm in height, filled with cryogenic helium gas. We monitor temperature fluctuations in the convective flow with four small (0.2 mm) sensors positioned in pairs 1.5 cm from the sidewalls and 2.5 cm vertically apart and symmetrically around the mid-height of the cell. Based on one-point and two-point correlations of the temperature fluctuations, we determine different types of Reynolds numbers, $\mathit{Re}$, associated with the large-scale circulation (LSC). We observe a transition between two types of $\mathit{Re}(\mathit{Ra})$ scaling around $\mathit{Ra}=10^{10}{-}10^{11}$, which is accompanied by a scaling change of the skewness of the probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the temperature fluctuations. The $\mathit{Re}(\mathit{Ra})$ dependencies measured near the sidewall at Prandtl number $\mathit{Pr}\sim 1$ are consistent with the $\mathit{Ra}^{4/9}\mathit{Pr}^{-2/3}$ scaling above the transition, while for $\mathit{Ra}<10^{10}$, the $\mathit{Re}(\mathit{Ra})$ dependencies are steeper. It seems likely that this change in $\mathit{Re}(\mathit{Ra})$ scaling is linked to the previously reported change in the Nusselt number $\mathit{Nu}(\mathit{Ra})$ scaling. This behaviour is in agreement with independent cryogenic laboratory experiments with $\mathit{Pr}\sim 1$, but markedly different from the $\mathit{Re}$ scaling obtained in water experiments ($\mathit{Pr}\sim 3.3{-}5.6$). We discuss the results in comparison with different versions of the Grossmann–Lohse theory.
Irreversible mixing by unstable periodic orbits in buoyancy dominated stratified turbulence
Authors: Lucas Dan , Caulfield C. P. 
Published: October 2017

We consider turbulence driven by a large-scale horizontal shear in Kolmogorov flow (i.e. with sinusoidal body forcing) and a background linear stable stratification with buoyancy frequency $N_{B}^{2}$ imposed in the third, vertical direction in a fluid with kinematic viscosity $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$. This flow is known to be organised into layers by nonlinear unstable steady states, which incline the background shear in the vertical and can be demonstrated to be the finite-amplitude saturation of a sequence of instabilities, originally from the laminar state. Here, we investigate the next order of motions in this system, i.e. the time-dependent mechanisms by which the density field is irreversibly mixed. This investigation is achieved using ‘recurrent flow analysis’. We identify (unstable) periodic orbits, which are embedded in the turbulent attractor, and use these orbits as proxies for the chaotic flow. We find that the time average of an appropriate measure of the ‘mixing efficiency’ of the flow $\mathscr{E}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}/(\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}+{\mathcal{D}})$ (where ${\mathcal{D}}$ is the volume-averaged kinetic energy dissipation rate and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}$ is the volume-averaged density variance dissipation rate) varies non-monotonically with the time-averaged buoyancy Reynolds numbers $\overline{Re}_{B}=\overline{{\mathcal{D}}}/(\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}N_{B}^{2})$, and is bounded above by $1/6$, consistently with the classical model of Osborn (J. Phys. Oceanogr., vol. 10 (1), 1980, pp. 83–89). There are qualitatively different physical properties between the unstable orbits that have lower irreversible mixing efficiency at low $\overline{Re}_{B}\sim O(1)$ and those with nearly optimal $\mathscr{E}\lesssim 1/6$ at intermediate $\overline{Re}_{B}\sim 10$. The weaker orbits, inevitably embedded in more strongly stratified flow, are characterised by straining or ‘scouring’ motions, while the more efficient orbits have clear overturning dynamics in more weakly stratified, and apparently shear-unstable flow.
Flows of liquid4He due to oscillating grids
Authors: Švančara P. , La Mantia M. 
Published: October 2017

We investigate cryogenic flows of liquid4He between two grids oscillating in phase, at temperatures ranging from approximately 1.3 to 2.5 K, resulting in suitably defined Reynolds numbers up to$10^{5}$. We specifically study the flow-induced motions of small particles suspended in the fluid by using the particle tracking velocimetry technique. We focus on turbulent flows of superfluid4He that occur below approximately 2.2 K and are known to display, in certain conditions, features different from those observed in flows of classical viscous fluids, such as water. We find that, at large enough length scales, larger than the mean distance between quantized vortices, representing the quantum length scale of the flow, the shapes of the velocity and velocity increment statistical distributions are very similar to those obtained in turbulent flows of viscous fluids. The experimental outcome strongly supports the view that, in the range of investigated parameters, particles probing flows of superfluid4He behave as if they were tracking classical flows.
Land, belonging and structural oblivion among contemporary white Kenyans
Authors: McIntosh Janet 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn recent years, settler descendants in Kenya have found their rights to hold land in Laikipia challenged by Maasai activists. Many have defended themselves by drawing on colonial-era discourses about pastoralist ecology and what constitutes good use of the land. These discourses have side-stepped ecological history and the moral problematics of colonial land seizure, while treating Maasai anger and nostalgia as manipulative and inauthentic. At the same time, new ‘community-based’ conservation movements, in conjunction with Afro-Kenyan activism, have prodded some white Kenyans into loosening their epistemology and making preliminary, partial concessions to Afro-Kenyan points of view. Yet, I suggest, these concessions themselves are part of a new, shifting model of whiteness: one that responds to new political imperatives, yet retains certain ways of justifying white advantages in landholding. I draw on these shifts to explore similarities with and disjunctures from colonial whiteness among these contemporary white Kenyans feeling the pressure to move from one historical era to another.
Mobilizing the past:creuseurs, precarity and the colonizing structure in the Congo Copperbelt
Authors: Makori Timothy 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Copperbelt of Congo was once the bastion of industrial development and no individual embodied its modernity as fully as the salaried industrial miner. Today, with the near collapse of the state-run mining company, Gécamines, and the liberalization of the mining industry starting in 2002, the majority of miners are no longer trained and salaried industrial workers but rather children and youth eking out a precarious living as artisanal miners orcreuseurs. In Congo, artisanal mining is paradoxical, for, although it indexes a future of unskilled, untrained, flexible work in rural and peri-urban enclaves, its organization of labour and rudimentary techniques of copper extraction allude to and borrow from the colonial and precolonial past.Creuseursmobilize the past as a strategic response to the threat of dispossession of ‘their’ land by the state and foreign investors, and they do so by laying claim to an anterior ‘sovereign’ – the ancestors – whose existence predates colonialism. This paradoxical emplacement of artisanal mining, its entanglement in time, invites interrogation of some of the ways in which scholars have understood precarity not only as a politically induced condition resulting from neoliberalism but also as an outcome of the enduring nature of the colonizing structure in Africa.
Examining Facets of Depression and Social Anxiety: The Relation among Lack of Positive Affect, Negative Cognitions, and Emotion Dysregulation
Authors: Blanco Ivan , Joormann Jutta 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDepression and Social Anxiety Disorder are commonly conceptualized by the presence of negative affect. However, these disorders are also characterized by lack of positive affect, presence of negative cognitions, and emotion dysregulation which may play an important role in the onset and maintenance of these disorders. The present study explored differences among these variables in 189 clinical patients diagnosed with Major Depression, Social Anxiety Disorder, or both. Results showed differences in lack of positivity F(2, 185) = 18.92, p = .0001, η2 = .17, presence of negative cognitions F(2, 185) = 13.97, p = .0001, η2 = .13, and the use of rumination F(2, 185) = 14.63, p = .0001, η2 = .14 and punishment F(2, 181) = 7.64, p = .001, η2 = .08 among groups. Overall, lack of positivity, negative cognitions, and emotion dysregulation were elevated in the comorbid group, whereas lack of positivity and negative cognitions were specifically found for patients diagnosed with depression compared to socially anxious patients. In addition, the study examined the relation of both, lack of positivity and negative cognitions, to emotion regulation processes among groups. Overall, lack of positivity was associated with fear and avoidance in the social anxiety group (all r > .417, p < .01), whereas lack of positivity and negative cognitions were associated with rumination across the three groups (all r > .370, p < .01). Limitations of the present study and future directions are discussed.
A novel lnc-PCF promotes the proliferation of TGF-β1-activated epithelial cells by targeting miR-344a-5p to regulate map3k11 in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Liu Huizhu , Wang Bingsi , Zhang Jinjin , Zhang Songzi , Wang Youlei , Zhang Jie , Lv Changjun , Song Xiaodong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that microRNA (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) play important roles in disease development. However, the mechanism underlying mRNA interaction with miRNA and lncRNA in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unknown. This study presents a novel lnc-PCF that promotes the proliferation of TGF-β1-activated epithelial cells through the regulation of map3k11 by directly targeting miR-344a-5p during pulmonary fibrogenesis. Bioinformatics and in vitro translation assay were performed to confirm whether or not lnc-PCF is an actual lncRNA. RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and nucleocytoplasmic separation showed that lnc-PCF is mainly expressed in the cytoplasm. Knockdown and knockin of lnc-PCF indicated that lnc-PCF could promote fibrogenesis by regulating the proliferation of epithelial cells activated by TGF-β1 according to the results of xCELLigence real-time cell analysis system, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis. Computational analysis and a dual-luciferase reporter system were used to identify the target gene of miR-344a-5p, whereas RNA pull down, anti-AGO2 RNA immunoprecipitation, and rescue experiments were conducted to confirm the identity of this direct target. Further experiments verified that lnc-PCF promotes the proliferation of activated epithelial cells that were dependent on miR-344a-5p, which exerted its regulatory functions through its target gene map3k11. Finally, adenovirus packaging sh-lnc-PCF was sprayed into rat lung tissues to evaluate the therapeutic effect of lnc-PCF. These findings revealed that lnc-PCF can accelerate pulmonary fibrogenesis by directly targeting miR-344a-5p to regulate map3k11, which may be a potential therapeutic target in IPF.