bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alteration of the size distributions and mixing states of black carbon through transport in the boundary layer in east Asia
Authors: Miyakawa Takuma , Oshima Naga , Taketani Fumikazu , Komazaki Yuichi , Yoshino Ayako , Takami Akinori , Kondo Yutaka , Kanaya Yugo 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Ground-based measurements of black carbon (BC) were performed near an industrial source region in the early summer of 2014 and at a remote island in Japan in the spring of 2015. Here, we report the temporal variations in the transport, size distributions, and mixing states of the BC-containing particles. These particles were characterized using a continuous soot monitoring system, a single particle soot photometer, and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor. The effects of aging on the growth of BC-containing particles were examined by comparing the ground-based observations between the near-source and remote island sites. Secondary formation of sulfate and organic aerosols strongly affected the increases in BC coating (i.e., enhancement of cloud condensation nuclei activity) with air mass aging from the source to the outflow regions. The effects of wet removal on BC microphysics were elucidated by classifying the continental outflow air masses depending on the enhancement ratios of BC to CO (ΔBC ∕ ΔCO), which were used as an indicator of the transport efficiency of BC. It was found that ΔBC ∕ ΔCO ratios were controlled mainly by the wet removal during transport in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) on the timescale of 1–2 days. The meteorological conditions and backward trajectory analyses suggested that air masses strongly affected by wet removal originated mainly from a region in southern China (20–35° N) in the spring of 2015. Removal of large and thickly coated BC-containing particles was detected in the air masses that were substantially affected by the wet removal in the PBL, as predicted by Köhler theory. The size and water solubility of BC-containing particles in the PBL can be altered by the wet removal as well as the condensation of non-BC materials.
How does sea ice influence δ18O of Arctic precipitation?
Authors: Faber Anne-Katrine , Møllesøe Vinther Bo , Sjolte Jesper , Anker Pedersen Rasmus 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. This study investigates how variations in Arctic sea ice and sea surface conditions influence δ18O of present-day Arctic precipitation. This is done using the model isoCAM3, an isotope-equipped version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model version 3. Four sensitivity experiments and one control simulation are performed with prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice. Each of the four experiments simulates the atmospheric and isotopic response to Arctic oceanic conditions for selected years after the beginning of the satellite era in 1979. Changes in sea ice extent and SSTs have different impacts in Greenland and the rest of the Arctic. The simulated changes in central Arctic sea ice do not influence δ18O of Greenland precipitation, only anomalies of Baffin Bay sea ice. However, this does not exclude the fact that simulations based on other sea ice and sea surface temperature distributions might yield changes in the δ18O of precipitation in Greenland. For the Arctic, δ18O of precipitation and water vapour is sensitive to local changes in sea ice and sea surface temperature and the changes in water vapour are surface based. Reduced sea ice extent yields more enriched isotope values, whereas increased sea ice extent yields more depleted isotope values. The distribution of the sea ice and sea surface conditions is found to be essential for the spatial distribution of the simulated changes in δ18O.
Impact of ocean acidification on Arctic phytoplankton blooms and dimethyl sulfide concentration under simulated ice-free and under-ice conditions
Authors: Hussherr Rachel , Levasseur Maurice , Lizotte Martine , Tremblay Jean-Éric , Mol Jacoba , Thomas Helmuth , Gosselin Michel , Starr Michel , Miller Lisa A. , Jarniková Tereza , Schuback Nina , Mucci Alfonso 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. In an experimental assessment of the potential impact of Arctic Ocean acidification on seasonal phytoplankton blooms and associated dimethyl sulfide (DMS) dynamics, we incubated water from Baffin Bay under conditions representing an acidified Arctic Ocean. Using two light regimes simulating under-ice or subsurface chlorophyll maxima (low light; low PAR and no UVB) and ice-free (high light; high PAR + UVA + UVB) conditions, water collected at 38 m was exposed over 9 days to 6 levels of decreasing pH from 8.1 to 7.2. A phytoplankton bloom dominated by the centric diatoms Chaetoceros spp. reaching up to 7.5 µg chlorophyll a L−1 took place in all experimental bags. Total dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPT) and DMS concentrations reached 155 and 19 nmol L−1, respectively. The sharp increase in DMSPT and DMS concentrations coincided with the exhaustion of NO3− in most microcosms, suggesting that nutrient stress stimulated DMS(P) synthesis by the diatom community. Under both light regimes, chlorophyll a and DMS concentrations decreased linearly with increasing proton concentration at all pH levels tested. Concentrations of DMSPT also decreased but only under high light and over a smaller pH range (from 8.1 to 7.6). In contrast to nano-phytoplankton (2–20 µm), pico-phytoplankton ( ≤  2 µm) was stimulated by the decreasing pH. We furthermore observed no significant difference between the two light regimes tested in term of chlorophyll a, phytoplankton abundance and taxonomy, and DMSP and DMS net concentrations. These results show that ocean acidification could significantly decrease the algal biomass and inhibit DMS production during the seasonal phytoplankton bloom in the Arctic, with possible consequences for the regional climate.
Modelling the genesis of equatorial podzols: age and implications for carbon fluxes
Authors: Doupoux Cédric , Merdy Patricia , Montes Célia Régina , Nunan Naoise , Melfi Adolpho José , Pereira Osvaldo José Ribeiro , Lucas Yves 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Amazonian podzols store huge amounts of carbon and play a key role in transferring organic matter to the Amazon River. In order to better understand their C dynamics, we modelled the formation of representative Amazonian podzol profiles by constraining both total carbon and radiocarbon. We determined the relationships between total carbon and radiocarbon in organic C pools numerically by setting constant C and 14C inputs over time. The model was an effective tool for determining the order of magnitude of the carbon fluxes and the time of genesis of the main carbon-containing horizons, i.e. the topsoil and deep Bh. We performed retrocalculations to take into account the bomb carbon in the young topsoil horizons (calculated apparent 14C age from 62 to 109 years). We modelled four profiles representative of Amazonian podzols, two profiles with an old Bh (calculated apparent 14C age 6.8  ×  103 and 8.4  ×  103 years) and two profiles with a very old Bh (calculated apparent 14C age 23.2  ×  103 and 25.1  ×  103 years). The calculated fluxes from the topsoil to the perched water table indicate that the most waterlogged zones of the podzolized areas are the main source of dissolved organic matter found in the river network. It was necessary to consider two Bh carbon pools to accurately represent the carbon fluxes leaving the Bh as observed in previous studies. We found that the genesis time of the studied soils was necessarily longer than 15  ×  103 and 130  ×  103 years for the two younger and two older Bhs, respectively, and that the genesis time calculated considering the more likely settings runs to around 15  ×  103–25  ×  103 and 150  ×  103–250  ×  103 years, respectively.
Ensemble cloud-resolving modelling of a historic back-building mesoscale convective system over Liguria: the San Fruttuoso case of 1915
Authors: Parodi Antonio , Ferraris Luca , Gallus William , Maugeri Maurizio , Molini Luca , Siccardi Franco , Boni Giorgio 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Highly localized and persistent back-building mesoscale convective systems represent one of the most dangerous flash-flood-producing storms in the north-western Mediterranean area. Substantial warming of the Mediterranean Sea in recent decades raises concerns over possible increases in frequency or intensity of these types of events as increased atmospheric temperatures generally support increases in water vapour content. However, analyses of the historical record do not provide a univocal answer, but these are likely affected by a lack of detailed observations for older events. In the present study, 20th Century Reanalysis Project initial and boundary condition data in ensemble mode are used to address the feasibility of performing cloud-resolving simulations with 1 km horizontal grid spacing of a historic extreme event that occurred over Liguria: the San Fruttuoso case of 1915. The proposed approach focuses on the ensemble Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model runs that show strong convergence over the Ligurian Sea (17 out of 56 members) as these runs are the ones most likely to best simulate the event. It is found that these WRF runs generally do show wind and precipitation fields that are consistent with the occurrence of highly localized and persistent back-building mesoscale convective systems, although precipitation peak amounts are underestimated. Systematic small north-westward position errors with regard to the heaviest rain and strongest convergence areas imply that the reanalysis members may not be adequately representing the amount of cool air over the Po Plain outflowing into the Ligurian Sea through the Apennines gap. Regarding the role of historical data sources, this study shows that in addition to reanalysis products, unconventional data, such as historical meteorological bulletins, newspapers, and even photographs, can be very valuable sources of knowledge in the reconstruction of past extreme events.
Ocular Surface Disease in Patients under Topical Treatment for Glaucoma
Authors: Pérez-Bartolomé Francisco , Martínez-de-la-Casa Jose M. , Arriola-Villalobos Pedro , Fernández-Pérez Cristina , Polo Vicente , García-Feijoó Julián 
Published: May 2017

Purpose To examine the relationship between ocular surface disease (OSD) and topical antiglaucoma therapy. Methods A total of 211 eyes of 211 patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension on topical medication were recruited over 10 months. Controls were 51 eyes of 51 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers. In each patient, we recorded the intraocular pressure-lowering eyedrops used, the number of medications used, and daily and cumulative preservative concentrations (PC). Main outcome measures were fluorescein corneal staining score (Oxford scale), lower tear meniscus height (LTMH) (spectral-domain optical coherence tomography), noninvasive tear film breakup time (NI-TBUT) (Oculus Keratograph 5M), and OSD symptom questionnaire index (OSDI). Results Compared to controls, significantly higher OSDI (median [interquartile range] 10.24 [4.54-18.94] vs 2.5 [0-12.5]; p<0.001) and corneal staining (≥1: 64.93% vs 32.61%; p<0.001) scores were recorded in the medication group. The NI-TBUT and LTMH failed to vary between the groups (p>0.05). A higher daily PC was associated with a lower LTMH (R −0.142; p = 0.043). In the medication group, multivariate analysis identified correlations between benzalkonium chloride (BAK) (odds ratio [OR] 1.56) and BAK plus polyquaternium-containing drops (OR 5.09) or higher OSDI (OR 1.06) and abnormal corneal staining test results and between older age (mean ratio [MR] 1.05), longer treatment duration (MR 1.02), or corneal staining presence (MR 1.22) and a higher OSDI score. Conclusions Ocular surface disease was more prevalent in the medication group. The main factors impacting OSD were drops with preservatives, longer treatment duration, and older age.
Efficacy of Core Decompression for Treatment of Canine Femoral Head Osteonecrosis Induced by Arterial Ischaemia and Venous Congestion
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Zhao Dewei , Wang Weiming , Zhang Yao , Wang Benjie , Li Zhigang 
Published: May 2017

Methods 40 healthy mixed-breed dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups, arterial ischaemia (AI) and venous congestion (VC), each containing 20 dogs. The dogs underwent a procedure where the deep femoral artery or deep femoral vein was ligated randomly on the left or right side to establish the femoral head osteonecrosis model. 13 dogs from each group, AI and VC, were randomly selected for subsequent study. 3 dogs were randomly chosen from each group to receive core decompression (CD) every 2 weeks for a total of 4 sessions. Results The development of femoral head osteonecrosis was slightly slowed at each measurement time point after CD in the arterial ischaemia (AI) group, but no restoration was observed. The venous congestion (VC) group showed a gradually reduced mixed signal after CD and exhibited a trend towards restoration. The various VC subgroups had significantly improved symptoms compared to the AI subgroups. Conclusions CD displayed greater treatment efficacy for femoral head osteonecrosis caused by VC, but poor efficacy for femoral head osteonecrosis caused by AI.
“Pantaleão e as visitadoras”: análise sócio-organizacional do filme peruano baseado no livro de Vargas Llosa
Authors: Canhada Diego Iturriet Dias , Oliveira Samir Adamoglu de 
Published: May 2017

Este trabalho realiza um diálogo interdisciplinar a partir do filme peruano "Pantaleão e as Visitadoras". Inspirado em uma concepção deleuziana (embora sem operacionalizar seus conceitos) e utilizando-se de distintas perspectivas teóricas, o ensaio destaca passagens do filme e respectivas análises sobre as mesmas. Nas palavras finais são apresentadas algumas reflexões sobre o dilema liberdade-determinismo e acerca de possibilidades “alternativas” de construções textuais que filosofia da linguagem possibilita.
Integração das metodologias do PDP e Pmbok na área de gestão do design
Authors: Alves Milena Carneiro , Azevedo Patrícia Silva 
Published: May 2017

O desenvolvimento de produtos esteve atrelado desde o início das civilizações à racionalidade humana em satisfazer as suas necessidades. Com a evolução industrial, conceitos, gerenciamentos e processos de produção de objetos foram se modificando, buscando sempre a rapidez, mas com baixa eficiência e impactos negativos. Atualmente o Designer compreende informações metodológicas de diferentes áreas, viabilizando a melhor interação estratégica de produção. Assim, busca-se neste trabalho o aprimoramento do processo de Gestão em Design, por meio da integração de seus conceitos, com as metodologias do Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produto (PDP) e do Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK).
Self-Regulated Learning and the Use of Online Portfolios: A Social Cognitive Perspective
Authors: Sasai Lalida 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study highlights the interrelationship among self-regulated learning (SRL) skills, the use of online portfolios, and social cognitive learning theory. It was conducted as a longitudinal mixed-methods study over one academic year with students enrolled in a postgraduate professional practice programme. The study used both quantitative and qualitative statistical analyses. Results showed a strong positive correlation between SRL skills and the perceptions of the usefulness of online portfolios. Based on these results, the researcher have suggested a new model which integrates students′ use of online portfolios; the influence of online portfolios on students′ SRL skills and vice versa; and the three social cognitive learning theory factors of person, behaviour and environment and their effect on students′ SRL skills across the three phases of forethought, performance, and self-reflection within an online learning environment.
Financial Literacy Level of Individuals and Its Relationships to Demographic Variables
Authors: Yıldırım Murat , Bayram Fatih , Oğuz Ahmet , Günay Gülay 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Families act in an environment of financing system which includes the pressure of the economic powers. Under these economic conditions, standards of living of individuals who fail to take optimal financial decisions and to exhibit due financial behaviors undergo some change. Individuals’ self-consciousness on financial issues will not only prepare them for prospective hard economic conditions that may emerge in the future but also supports the development of the country on strong basis. In this perspective, the awareness of financial literacy will help to use the limited sources more affectively. Recently in this economic pressure financial literacy has become an increasingly important topic. The main purpose of this study is examining individual’s financial literacy level and determining the relationship between demographic variables and financial literacy. Participants in the study consist of individual who are employees in iron and steel industry and dwelling in Karabuk, Turkey. A total of 304 employees are participated in the study on a voluntary basis. Data were collected through a demographic information form, Financial Literacy Index developed by Van Rooji et al. (2011). Financial Literacy Index includes two sections: basic financial literacy (5 items) and advantage financial literacy (11 items). Results indicated that only 8.9% of the participants have correctly answered the five basic financial literacy items. The proportion of the correct answered in advantage financial literacy section (11 items) was too low (0.3%). The statistical analyses displayed that from demographic variables only education and monthly income was important determinant, both of basic and advantage financial literacy (p<0.05). The results of this research have significant implications for individuals, policymakers and educators in their search of strategies for improving individuals’ financial literacy level.
Factors Militating Against Prompt Delivery of Construction Projects in Lagos Megacity, Nigeria: Contractors’ Perspective
Authors: Ogunde Ayodeji Olubunmi , Dafe Odje Emmanuel , Akinola Gbemisola Ajoke , Ogundipe Kunle Elizah , Oloke Olayinka Clement , Ademola Sakariyau Adeboye , Akuete Eseohe , Olaniran Hezekiah Farayola 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Delay is a common issue faced in the construction industry all over the world especially in developing countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate factors causing delays and their effects on construction projects in Lagos Mega City, Nigeria from the contractors’ perspective. It is predicated on the incessant delay experienced by contractors on construction projects. Purposive sampling method was adopted for the study;. Quantitative data was obtained by administration of One hundred (100) structured questionnaires distributed to contractors of construction project sites in Lagos State and Qualitative data was obtained from interview of key management personnel of the companies and journals. Ranking analysis of the 33 major causes of delays identified through literature review using Relative Importance Index (RII) showed that cash flow problems during construction (RII=4.81), clients’ financial difficulties (RII=4.47) and poor procurement (RII=4.40) were the most importantt causes of delays in construction project sites in Lagos State, Cost overrun (RII=4.92), late payment (RII=4.59) and project extension (RII=4.45) were predominant effects of delay in construction project. Hypotheses testing on relationship between shortage of skilled labour, improper equipment during construction and delay in construction project using One-Way ANOVA showed positive correlation. For improved efficiency and effective project delivery in the industry, proper payment from client (RII=4.78), competent project managers (RII=4.64), the use of experienced subcontractors and suppliers (RII=4.48) should be encouraged to mitigate against delay in construction projects.
Legal Protection Setting of Post-Divorce Women’s Rights: Case Study of Siri Marriage in Lombok
Authors: Abdullah Idrus ,   Djumardin
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Siri marriage, known in various terms such as under hand marriage and undocumented marriage, is a marriage based on religious rules or customs and is not recorded in the Office of Religious Affairs for Muslims or the Office of Civil Registry for non-Muslims. Factors influencing the occurrence of siri marriage are; economy, social, culture, education, and religious beliefs in the legality of siri marriage. The legal consequences of not doing registration of marriages would harm spouses or those who are married even though the marriage is performed in accordance with religion and beliefs because it is considered invalid if it has not been recorded by the Office of Religious Affairs or the Office of Civil Registry. Furthermore, children who are born in an undocumented marriage are considered illegitimate and also only have a civil relationship with mother or mother’s family (Article 42 and 43 of the Act on Marriage).
Influence of Social Capital on Consumption Per Capita Income and Poverty Alleviation in Tertiary Institution Cooperative Thrift and Credit Society
Authors: Ringim Kabiru Jinjiri , Shuaib Sayedi Ndagi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of social capital on members′ consumption per capita income and poverty alleviation in Cooperative Thrift and Credit Society of Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger state- Nigeria. Low income level and poverty influence the employees of the polytechnic to partake in cooperative society through the contribution of money/credit referred to as social capital. Data were collected using field research survey approach involving hand delivery of questionnaire. Simple random technique of probability sampling method was used to draw a sample size of 255 members from the population of 702 academic and non- academic members of the cooperative society. The regression results indicated that social capital dimension such as educational qualification and membership duration has significant influence on consumption while social capital indicator such as income and educational qualification has significant influence on poverty alleviation. Other variables such as gender, marital status, work status and savings were insignificant. The study therefore recommends that regulators and policy makers should encourage savings mobilization from members′ income or salary in order to boost consumption and alleviate poverty. This is because income has insignificant influence on consumption and significant influence on poverty alleviation in Cooperative Thrift and Credit Society of Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger state. The results of this study are unique and worth in solving problems that are facing cooperative associations in Nigeria.
Crystal structure of the 2‐iminoglutarate‐bound complex of glutamate dehydrogenase from Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Tomita Takeo , Yin Lulu , Nakamura Shugo , Kosono Saori , Kuzuyama Tomohisa , Nishiyama Makoto 
Published: May 2017

The NADP+‐dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgGDH) is considered to be one of the key enzymes in the industrial fermentation of glutamate due to its high glutamate‐producing activity. We determined the crystal structure of CgGDH complexed with NADP+ and 2‐iminoglutarate. Among six subunits of hexameric CgGDH‐binding NADP+, only four subunits bind 2‐iminoglutarate in a closed form, while the other two are in an open form. In the closed form, 2‐iminoglutarate is bound to the substrate‐binding site with the 2‐imino group stacked by the nicotinamide ring of the coenzyme, suggesting a prehydride transfer state in a hypothesized reaction scheme with the imino intermediate. We also conducted MD simulations and provide insights into the extreme preference for the glutamate‐producing reaction of CgGDH.DatabaseThe atomic coordinate and structure factors have been deposited in the RCSB PDB database under the accession number 5GUD.