bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From giant birds to X-rays: Victor Lemoine (1837–97), physician and palaeontologist
Authors: Buffetaut Eric 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

After studying at medical schools in Reims and Paris, Victor Lemoine (1837–97) practised and taught medicine in his native city of Reims in eastern France before moving to Paris in 1889. However, his main interest was vertebrate palaeontology. He is particularly remembered for his work on the Paleocene vertebrate fauna from the Cernay Conglomerate, a fossiliferous formation that crops out at Berru hill, a short distance from Reims. From the 1870s to his death in 1897, Lemoine published a large number of papers on this fossil assemblage, which at that time was the oldest-known Tertiary vertebrate fauna in Europe, concentrating on choristoderes, giant birds and mammals. Diverging interpretations of the choristodere material resulted in conflict with the Belgian palaeontologist Louis Dollo. Lemoine's work on
Gastornis
was marred by the erroneous inclusion of non-avian elements into his skeletal reconstruction of that giant bird; the flawed reconstruction hindered for many years the recognition of the real affinities of
Gastornis
. Lemoine devoted particular attention to the diverse archaic mammals from Cernay. He emphasized their primitive and generalized characters, which made it difficult to refer them to modern orders. His medical background led him to apply innovative approaches, such as palaeohistology and palaeoneurology, to his studies on the fossils from Cernay. Lemoine's discoveries soon attracted the attention of American palaeontologists working on fossil vertebrates of similar geological age, and both E.D. Cope and H.F. Osborn visited him in Reims to examine his collections. In 1889, Lemoine moved to Paris to be closer to major scientific institutions and to devote himself exclusively to palaeontology. After Röntgen's discovery of X-rays in 1895 he quickly realized their potential for palaeontological investigations, but his untimely death at the age of 60 prevented him from developing this new approach more fully. Despite the fact that he never held an official position in a palaeontological institution, Lemoine's medical background certainly helped him to tackle interesting palaeobiological questions and his contribution to that field of research was significant.
Diversity, Serendipity, Novelty, and Coverage
Authors: Kaminskas Marius , Bridge Derek 
Published: December 2016

What makes a good recommendation or good list of recommendations?
Research into recommender systems has traditionally focused on accuracy, in particular how closely the recommender’s predicted ratings are to the users’ true ratings. However, it has been recognized that other recommendation qualities—such as whether the list of recommendations is diverse and whether it contains novel items—may have a significant impact on the overall quality of a recommender system. Consequently, in recent years, the focus of recommender systems research has shifted to include a wider range of “beyond accuracy” objectives.
In this article, we present a survey of the most discussed beyond-accuracy objectives in recommender systems research: diversity, serendipity, novelty, and coverage. We review the definitions of these objectives and corresponding metrics found in the literature. We also review works that propose optimization strategies for these beyond-accuracy objectives. Since the majority of works focus on one specific objective, we find that it is not clear how the different objectives relate to each other.
Hence, we conduct a set of offline experiments aimed at comparing the performance of different optimization approaches with a view to seeing how they affect objectives other than the ones they are optimizing. We use a set of state-of-the-art recommendation algorithms optimized for recall along with a number of reranking strategies for optimizing the diversity, novelty, and serendipity of the generated recommendations. For each reranking strategy, we measure the effects on the other beyond-accuracy objectives and demonstrate important insights into the correlations between the discussed objectives. For instance, we find that rating-based diversity is positively correlated with novelty, and we demonstrate the positive influence of novelty on recommendation coverage.
Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development by SRSF1 Upregulation and mTOR Activation
Authors: Malakar Pushkar , Shilo Asaf , Mogilevsky Adi , Stein Ilan , Pikarsky Eli , Nevo Yuval , Benyamini Hadar , Elgavish Sharona , Zong Xinying , Prasanth Kannanganattu V. , Karni Rotem 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are abrogated in cancer but their precise contributions to oncogenesis are still emerging. Here we report that the lncRNA MALAT1 is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and acts as a proto-oncogene through Wnt pathway activation and induction of the oncogenic splicing factor SRSF1. Induction of SRSF1 by MALAT1 modulates SRSF1 splicing targets, enhancing the production of antiapoptotic splicing isoforms and activating the mTOR pathway by modulating the alternative splicing of S6K1. Inhibition of SRSF1 expression or mTOR activity abolishes the oncogenic properties of MALAT1, suggesting that SRSF1 induction and mTOR activation are essential for MALAT1-induced transformation. Our results reveal a mechanism by which lncRNA MALAT1 acts as a proto-oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma, modulating oncogenic alternative splicing through SRSF1 upregulation. Cancer Res; 77(5); 1155–67. ©2016 AACR.
Safety and Preclinical Efficacy of Aerosol Pioglitazone on Lung Adenoma Prevention in A/J Mice
Authors: Seabloom Donna E. , Galbraith Arthur R. , Haynes Anna M. , Antonides Jennifer D. , Wuertz Beverly R. , Miller Wendy A. , Miller Kimberly A. , Steele Vernon E. , Suen Chen S. , O'Sullivan M. Gerard , Ondrey Frank G. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Pioglitazone is a PPARγ agonist commonly prescribed for the clinical treatment of diabetes. We sought to expand its use to lung cancer prevention in a benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) mouse model with direct lung delivery via inhalation. Initially, we conducted inhalational toxicity experiments with 0, 15, 50, 150, and 450 μg/kg body weight/day pioglitazone in 40 A/J mice. We examined the animals for any physical toxicity and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids for inflammatory and cytotoxicity markers. Doses up to and including 450 μg/kg bw/d failed to demonstrate toxicity with aerosol pioglitazone. For chemoprevention experiments, A/J mice were randomized to treatment groups of inhaled doses of 0, 50, 150, or 450 μg/kg bw/d pioglitazone 1 or 8 weeks after the last dose of B[a]P. For the early treatment group, we found up to 32% decrease in lung adenoma formation with 450 μg/kg bw/d pioglitazone. We repeated the treatments in a second late-stage experiment and found up to 44% decreases in lung adenoma formation in doses of pioglitazone of 150 and 450 μg/kg bw/day. Both the early- and the late-stage experiments demonstrated biologically relevant and statistically significant decreases in adenoma formation. We conclude that aerosol pioglitazone is well-tolerated in the A/J mouse model and a promising chemoprevention agent for the lower respiratory tract. Cancer Prev Res; 10(2); 124–32. ©2016 AACR.
Os despachantes documentalistas na era do profissionalismo organizacional
Authors: Bonelli Maria Da Gloria 
Published: December 2016

O artigo analisa o processo de profissionalização dos despachantes documentalistas, após o impacto da terceirização desses serviços para o Poupatempo, com a introdução de processos globalizantes de acesso a cidadania documentada, que encolheram o mercado da intermediação. Em substituição ao modelo tradicional das relações entre estado e sociedade para obtenção de serviços públicos que envolviam o “jeitinho”, os despachantes buscam o profissionalismo organizacional e a criação de conselhos estaduais e federal. Além das lutas concorrenciais entre os pares que se desdobram na judicialização desses conflitos, eles enfrentam a condenação moral, que se seguiu à perda de relevância social da atividade. A pesquisa se baseia em fontes documentais primárias e secundárias, em um survey com 107 despachantes e em entrevistas qualitativas com lideranças profissionais.
Kant, Rawls e a razão pública
Authors: Alles Nicolás 
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma crítica ao conceito de razão pública de John Rawls de uma perspectiva kantiana. Acreditamos que uma formulação da razão pública mais próxima do uso público da razão proposto por Kant pode prover solução face a alguns problemas do liberalismo rawlsiano. Em particular, no tocante à questão da igualdade política.
閩南語「免」bian2的用法初探
Authors: Lien Chinfa 
Published: December 2016

The paper explores the uses of bian2 免 in Southern Min from a synchronic and diachronic perspective. It not only occurs in negative imperatives, but also in the non-finite clause in indicative sentences in Ming and Qing playscripts. Negative imperatives are used to show that the speaker requests the addressee to make preparatory actions to avoid unpleasant behavior. The construction featuring put4 bian2 不免 indicates that the speaker performs an act that does not result from an optimal choice. M7 bian2 毋免 in modern Southern Min differs drastically from put4 bian2 不免 in the Ming and Qing in that m7 毋 is a form devoid of any meaning in the former, whereas the latter involves double negation. Furthermore, bian2 in modern Southern Min either combines with other negatives like bi7 未 to yield a frozen expression reflecting the subjective attitude of the speaker, or with kong2 講 to form another freeze taking on the function of a parenthetical.
本文從共時和歷時的觀點探討閩南語中「免」的用法。明清時期「免」除否定祈使式外，也用於帶非限定目的補語直陳句式中，表示說話者由於先有請求對方的準備動作，自己可以免於從事不悅的行為。「不免」句式表示說話者從事不是最佳選項的行為，現代閩南語的「毋免」和明清時期的「不免」大相逕庭，前者「免」為有形無義的語詞，後者為雙重否定。此外，現代閩南語「免」和其他否定語詞（如「未」）形成凝固語式，反映說話者的主觀看法，或和動詞「講」形成凝固語式，帶有插入語的功能。(This article is in Chinese.)
臺灣海陸客家話處所介詞「TU5」的用法及來源──兼論持續體標記「TEN3」的來源
Authors: Chiang Min-hua 
Published: December 2016

This article discusses the locative TU5 in Hailu Hakka and analyzes its syntactic behaviors and grammatical functions when used as a locative verb and a locative preposition. This article probes into the usages of TU5 in Hailu Hakka from the perspective of dialectal comparison and historical grammar. It not only presents the features of Hailu Hakka in the typology of Chinese dialects, but, through phonological and grammatical correspondence, also proves that TU5 derives from the word 著 in the construction of “V + (O) + 著 + L(ocation)”, which was widely used in the Six Dynasties of China. In addition, with a macro view to typological comparison in Chinese dialects, this article tries to suggest that the durative marker TEN3 in Hakka is related to a locative suffix TEN1.
本文討論海陸客家話引介處所的「TU5」，分析它作為存在動詞與作為引介處所的介詞時的句法行為與語法功能。本文從方言比較和歷史語法的觀點探討海陸客家話「TU5」的用法，除了呈現海陸客家話在漢語方言類型學上的特色外，還從語音和語法的對應證明「TU5」就是來源於魏晉南北朝大量用於「V+（O）+著+L（ocation）」格式中的「著」字。此外，本文也從漢語方言宏觀性的類型比較中，提出以梅縣為代表的客家話持續體「TEN3」可能來源於處所詞語，與來源於處所指代詞、後演變為方位詞或方位後綴的「TEN1」有關的看法。(This article is in Chinese.)
Entrainment in a Dense Current Flowing Down a Rough Sloping Bottom in a Rotating Fluid
Authors: Ottolenghi Luisa , Cenedese Claudia , Adduce Claudia 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDense oceanic overflows descend over the rough topography of the continental slope entraining and mixing with surrounding waters. The associated dilution dictates the fate of these currents and thus is of fundamental importance to the formation of deep water masses. The entrainment in a dense current flowing down a sloping bottom in a rotating homogeneous fluid is investigated using laboratory experiments, focusing on the influence of the bottom roughness on the flow dynamics. The roughness is idealized by an array of vertical rigid cylinders and both their spacing and height are varied as well as the inclination of the sloping bottom. The presence of the roughness is generally observed to decelerate the dense current, with a consequent reduction of the Froude number, when compared to the smooth bottom configuration. However, the dilution of the dense current due to mixing with the ambient fluid is enhanced by the roughness elements, especially for low Froude numbers. When the entrainment due to shear instability at the interface between the dense current and the ambient fluid is low, the additional turbulence and mixing arising at the bottom of the dense current due to the roughness elements strongly affects the dilution of the current. Finally, a strong dependence of the entrainment parameter on the Reynolds number is observed.
Damaging Southerly Winds Caused by Barrier Jets in the Cook Strait and Wellington Region of New Zealand
Authors: Yang Yang , Uddstrom Michael , Revell Mike , Moore Stuart , Turner Richard 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Strong southerly winds regularly occur in the Cook Strait region of New Zealand. Occasionally, these winds are strong enough to cause severe damage to property and threaten human life. One example of a storm containing such winds is the “Wellington Storm,” which occurred on 20 June 2013. For this case, wind speeds in Cook Strait were stronger than those observed or forecast elsewhere in the storm. Even though wind speeds of this intensity are rare, storms affecting New Zealand with central pressures equal to the Wellington Storm (~976 hPa) are not uncommon. Numerical experiments have been carried out to investigate the possible reasons for the exceptional damaging southerly winds (DSWs) occurring in this storm. Analyses of the simulations showed that DSWs in Cook Strait for this event were actually barrier jets, not gap winds as they appeared. The strength of barrier jets in Cook Strait is sensitive to the precise location of the storm center. This explains the uncommon occurrence of DSWs in Cook Strait. Numerical experiments that used scaled (either increased or decreased) New Zealand orography showed that the barrier jets became shallower and weaker when the mountain top heights were lower. This decrease in barrier jet strength with mountain height is largely consistent with the results from linear-scale analyses in previous publications. This result implies that numerical simulations using a lower topography than actual (usually the case in current operational NWP) may lead to errors in timing and in forecasting the strength of the damaging winds associated with barrier jets.
Does therapeutic hypothermia during extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation preserve cardiac function?
Authors: Bergan Harald A. , Halvorsen Per S. , Skulstad Helge , Fosse Erik , Bugge Jan F. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-CPR) is increasingly used as a rescue method in the management of cardiac arrest and provides the opportunity to rapidly induce therapeutic hypothermia. The survival after a cardiac arrest is related to post-arrest cardiac function, and the application of therapeutic hypothermia post-arrest is hypothesized to improve cardiac outcome. The present animal study compares normothermic and hypothermic E-CPR considering resuscitation success, post-arrest left ventricular function and magnitude of myocardial injury.

Methods
After a 15-min untreated ventricular fibrillation, the pigs (n = 20) were randomized to either normothermic (38 °C) or hypothermic (32–33 °C) E-CPR. Defibrillation terminated ventricular fibrillation after 5 min of E-CPR, and extracorporeal support continued for 2 h, followed by warming, weaning and a stabilization period. Magnetic resonance imaging and left ventricle pressure measurements were used to assess left ventricular function pre-arrest and 5 h post-arrest. Myocardial injury was estimated by serum concentrations of cardiac TroponinT and Aspartate transaminase (ASAT).

Results
E-CPR resuscitated all animals and the hypothermic strategy induced therapeutic hypothermia within minutes without impairment of the resuscitation success rate. All animals suffered a severe global systolic left ventricular dysfunction post-arrest with 50–70% reductions in stroke volume, ejection fraction, wall thickening, strain and mitral annular plane systolic excursion. Serum concentrations of cardiac TroponinT and ASAT increased considerably post-arrest. No significant differences were found between the two groups.

Conclusions
Two-hour therapeutic hypothermia during E-CPR offers an equal resuscitation success rate, but does not preserve the post-arrest cardiac function nor reduce the magnitude of myocardial injury, compared to normothermic E-CPR.
Trial registration FOTS 4611/13 registered 25 October 2012
Oriented surface passive seismic location using local slopes
Authors: Khoshnavaz M. Javad , Chambers Kit , Bóna Andrej , Urosevic Milovan 
Published: December 2016

A common acquisition scenario in microseismic monitoring is the deployment of large areal receiver arrays at or near the surface. This recording geometry has the advantage of providing coverage of the source’s focal hemisphere as well as characterization of the arrival time moveout curve; however, the accuracy of many location techniques applied to these data sets depends on the accuracy of the depth velocity model provided prior to location. We have developed a simple oriented time-domain location technique so that full knowledge of the velocity model is not required a priori. The applicability of the technique is limited to horizontally layered models and also to models with dipping interfaces of small angles; however, this restriction is acceptable in many unconventional reservoirs. Implementation of the technique includes three steps: (1) smoothing of the observed time arrivals by fitting a hyperbolic moveout curve with a broad set of constraints, (2) updating and restricting the constraints using a local-slopes-based location workflow, and (3) estimation of the focal coordinates of passive sources using the updated constraints for the final least-squares fitting of the moveout curves. We have tested the performance of the proposed technique on several 2D examples and a 3D field data set. The results from synthetic examples suggest that, despite the assumption of the method that the arrival moveout can be modeled using a constant effective velocity, a reliable event location is achieved for layered models without considerable lateral heterogeneities. Our tests on the field data set find that the focal point coincides with a previously derived estimate of the source location. To assess the uncertainty of the proposed technique, bootstrap statistics was also used and applied to the field data set.
Helicobacter pylori VacA, acting through receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase α, is crucial for CagA phosphorylation in human duodenum carcinoma cell line AZ-521
Authors: Nakano Masayuki , Yahiro Kinnosuke , Yamasaki Eiki , Kurazono Hisao , Akada Junko , Yamaoka Yoshio , Niidome Takuro , Hatakeyama Masanori , Suzuki Hidekazu , Yamamoto Taro , Moss Joel , Isomoto Hajime , Hirayama Toshiya 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Helicobacter pylori, a major cause of gastroduodenal diseases, produces vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) and cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), which seem to be involved in virulence. VacA exhibits pleiotropic actions in gastroduodenal disorders via its specific receptors. Recently, we found that VacA induced the phosphorylation of cellular Src kinase (Src) at Tyr418 in AZ-521 cells. Silencing of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP)α, a VacA receptor, reduced VacA-induced Src phosphorylation. Src is responsible for tyrosine phosphorylation of CagA at its Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) variant C (EPIYA-C) motif in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells, resulting in binding of CagA to SHP-2 phosphatase. Challenging AZ-521 cells with wild-type H. pylori induced phosphorylation of CagA, but this did not occur when challenged with a vacA gene-disrupted mutant strain. CagA phosphorylation was observed in cells infected with a vacA gene-disrupted mutant strain after addition of purified VacA, suggesting that VacA is required for H. pylori-induced CagA phosphorylation. Following siRNA-mediated RPTPα knockdown in AZ-521 cells, infection with wild-type H. pylori and treatment with VacA did not induce CagA phosphorylation. Taken together, these results support our conclusion that VacA mediates CagA phosphorylation through RPTPα in AZ-521 cells. These data indicate the possibility that Src phosphorylation induced by VacA is mediated through RPTPα, resulting in activation of Src, leading to CagA phosphorylation at Tyr972 in AZ-521 cells.
Vesicular PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and Rab7 are key effectors of sea urchin zygote nuclear membrane fusion
Authors: Lete Marta G. , Byrne Richard D. , Alonso Alicia , Poccia Dominic , Larijani Banafshé 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Regulation of nuclear envelope dynamics is an important example of the universal phenomena of membrane fusion. The signalling molecules involved in nuclear membrane fusion might also be conserved during the formation of both pronuclear and zygote nuclear envelopes in the fertilised egg. Here, we determine that class-I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are needed for in vitro nuclear envelope formation. We show that, in vivo, PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 is transiently located in vesicles around the male pronucleus at the time of nuclear envelope formation, and around male and female pronuclei before membrane fusion. We illustrate that class-I PI3K activity is also necessary for fusion of the female and male pronuclear membranes. We demonstrate, using coincidence amplified Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) monitored using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), a protein–lipid interaction of Rab7 GTPase and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 that occurs during pronuclear membrane fusion to create the zygote nuclear envelope. We present a working model, which includes several molecular steps in the pathways controlling fusion of nuclear envelope membranes.
Impact of hybrid iterative reconstruction on unenhanced liver CT
Authors: Kondo Masatoshi , Nishie Akihiro , Fujita Nobuhiro , Morita Koichiro , Shirasaka Takashi , Arimura Hisao , Nakamura Yasuhiko , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: December 2016

Objective:
To clarify the impact of hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) and filtered back projection (FBP) on unenhanced liver CT.

Methods:
30 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) underwent unenhanced CT. The images were reconstructed with FBP and weak (Level 1), mild (Level 4) and strong (Level 7) levels of HIR (iDose4; Philips Medical Systems, Cleveland, OH). Quantitatively, attenuations of the HCC (with the largest lesion in each case), hepatic parenchyma (the average of four segments) and image noise (standard deviation of the attenuations in hepatic parenchyma) were compared between the four kinds of reconstruction using the two-tailed paired t-test. Qualitatively, liver lesion conspicuity and characterization were also compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results:
Attenuation of the liver lesion with the strong level of HIR was significantly higher than that with FBP (p = 0.0005). Attenuations of hepatic parenchyma with all three HIR levels were significantly lower than that with FBP (p ≤ 0.0002 in all comparisons). Image noise with each of the three HIR levels was significantly smaller than that with FBP (p &lt; 0.0001 in any comparison). There was no significant difference in lesion conspicuity and characterization between FBP and each HIR level (p ≥ 0.0819 in all comparisons).

Conclusion:
Although attenuations of the liver lesion and hepatic parenchyma were significantly different between HIR and FBP, HIR had no significant effect on lesion conspicuity and characterization.

Advances in knowledge:
Attenuations of liver lesions and hepatic parenchyma differ significantly between HIR and FBP images.