bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformity cannot be identified based on population-level signatures
Authors: Acerbi Alberto , van Leeuwen Edwin J. C. , Haun Daniel B. M. , Tennie Claudio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractConformist transmission, defined as a disproportionate likelihood to copy the majority, is considered a potent mechanism underlying the emergence and stabilization of cultural diversity. However, ambiguity within and across disciplines remains as to how to identify conformist transmission empirically. In most studies, a population level outcome has been taken as the benchmark to evidence conformist transmission: a sigmoidal relation between individuals’ probability to copy the majority and the proportional majority size. Using an individual-based model, we show that, under ecologically plausible conditions, this sigmoidal relation can also be detected without equipping individuals with a conformist bias. Situations in which individuals copy randomly from a fixed subset of demonstrators in the population, or in which they have a preference for one of the possible variants, yield similar sigmoidal patterns as a conformist bias would. Our findings warrant a revisiting of studies that base their conformist transmission conclusions solely on the sigmoidal curve. More generally, our results indicate that population level outcomes interpreted as conformist transmission could potentially be explained by other individual-level strategies, and that more empirical support is needed to prove the existence of an individual-level conformist bias in human and other animals.
A Novel Broadband Band-pass Filter Based on Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhang Xin , Wang Jun , Yu Wenhua , Li Jiandong , Su Hai , Shen Xiaopeng 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel broadband bandpass filter based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) in the microwave frequency band. The proposed bandpass filter includes three parts: (1) coplanar waveguide (CPW); (2) matching transition; and (3) coupled structure that is an asymmetric coupled filter constructed by five grooved strips. The proposed bandpass filter realizes excellent low loss performance from 7 to 10 GHz, in which its insertion loss is around 1.5 dB in the same frequency band. Meanwhile, this filter has a good band stop characteristic from 3 to 7 GHz. A simple but accurate transmission line model was proposed to evaluate the proposed broadband SSPPs filter. The measured data, simulated results and the results obtained from the transmission line model have shown a very good agreement. The proposed planar broadband filter plays an important role for filtering surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) waves in plasmonic circuits and systems.
Compact and Thermosensitive Nature-inspired Micropump
Authors: Kim Hyejeong , Kim Kiwoong , Lee Sang Joon 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLiquid transportation without employing a bulky power source, often observed in nature, has been an essential prerequisite for smart applications of microfluidic devices. In this report, a leaf-inspired micropump (LIM) which is composed of thermo-responsive stomata-inspired membrane (SIM) and mesophyll-inspired agarose cryogel (MAC) is proposed. The LIM provides a durable flow rate of 30 μl/h · cm2 for more than 30 h at room temperature without external mechanical power source. By adapting a thermo-responsive polymer, the LIM can smartly adjust the delivery rate of a therapeutic liquid in response to temperature changes. In addition, as the LIM is compact, portable, and easily integrated into any liquid, it might be utilized as an essential component in advanced hand-held drug delivery devices.
Jolkinolide B induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth in mouse melanoma B16F10 cells by altering glycolysis
Authors: Gao Caixia , Yan Xinyan , Wang Bo , Yu Lina , Han Jichun , Li Defang , Zheng Qiusheng 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMost cancer cells preferentially rely on glycolysis to produce the energy (adenosine triphosphate, ATP) for growth and proliferation. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the apoptosis in cancer cells could be closely associated with the inhibition of glycolysis. In this study, we have found that jolkinolide B (JB), a bioactive diterpenoid extracted from the root of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud, induced tumor cells apoptosis and decreased the production of ATP and lactic acid in mouse melanoma B16F10 cells. Furthermore, we found that JB downregulated the mRNA expression of glucose transporter genes (Glut1, Glut3 and Glut4) and glycolysis-related kinase genes (Hk2 and Ldha) in B16F10 cells. Moreover, treatment with JB upregulated the mRNA expression of pro-apoptosis genes (Bax), downregulated the mRNA expression of anti-apoptosis genes (Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9), decreased the potential of mitochondrial membrane and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in B16F10 cells. Finally, intragastric administration of JB suppressed tumor growth and induced tumor apoptosis in mouse xenograft model of murine melanoma B16F10 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that JB could induce apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway and inhibit tumor growth. The inhibition of glycolysis could play a crucial role in the induction of apoptosis in JB-treated B16F10 cells.
Sex differences in colonization of gut microbiota from a man with short-term vegetarian and inulin-supplemented diet in germ-free mice
Authors: Wang Jing-jing , Wang Jing , Pang Xiao-yan , Zhao Li-ping , Tian Ling , Wang Xing-peng 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGnotobiotic mouse model is generally used to evaluate the efficacy of gut microbiota. Sex differences of gut microbiota are acknowledged, yet the effect of recipient’s gender on the bacterial colonization remains unclear. Here we inoculated male and female germ-free C57BL/6J mice with fecal bacteria from a man with short-term vegetarian and inulin-supplemented diet. We sequenced bacterial 16S rRNA genes V3-V4 region from donor’s feces and recipient’s colonic content. Shannon diversity index showed female recipients have higher bacteria diversity than males. Weighted UniFrac principal coordinates analysis revealed the overall structures of male recipient’s gut microbiota were significantly separated from those of females, and closer to the donor. Redundancy analysis identified 46 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) differed between the sexes. The relative abundance of 13 OTUs were higher in males, such as Parabacteroides distasonis and Blautia faecis, while 33 OTUs were overrepresented in females, including Clostridium groups and Escherichia fergusonii/Shigella sonnei. Moreover, the interactions of these differential OTUs were sexually distinct. These findings demonstrated that the intestine of male and female mice preferred to accommodate microbiota differently. Therefore, it is necessary to designate the gender of gnotobiotic mice for complete evaluation of modulatory effects of gut microbiota from human feces upon diseases.
Pollen/TLR4 Innate Immunity Signaling Initiates IL-33/ST2/Th2 Pathways in Allergic Inflammation
Authors: Li Jin , Zhang Lili , Chen Xin , Chen Ding , Hua Xia , Bian Fang , Deng Ruzhi , Lu Fan , Li Zhijie , Pflugfelder Stephen C. , Li De-Quan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInnate immunity has been extended to respond environmental pathogen other than microbial components. Here we explore a novel pollen/TLR4 innate immunity in allergic inflammation. In experimental allergic conjunctivitis induced by short ragweed (SRW) pollen, typical allergic signs, stimulated IL-33/ST2 signaling and overproduced Th2 cytokine were observed in ocular surface, cervical lymph nodes and isolated CD4+ T cells of BALB/c mice. These clinical, cellular and molecular changes were significantly reduced/eliminated in TLR4 deficient (Tlr4-d) or MyD88 knockout (MyD88−/−) mice. Aqueous SRW extract (SRWe) directly stimulated IL-33 mRNA and protein expression by corneal epithelium and conjunctiva in wild type, but not in Tlr4-d or MyD88−/− mice with topical challenge. Furthermore, SRWe-stimulated IL-33 production was blocked by TLR4 antibody and NF-kB inhibitor in mouse and human corneal epithelial cells. These findings for the first time uncovered a novel mechanism by which SRW pollen initiates TLR4-dependent IL-33/ST2 signaling that triggers Th2-dominant allergic inflammation.
Rawcopy: Improved copy number analysis with Affymetrix arrays
Authors: Mayrhofer Markus , Viklund Björn , Isaksson Anders 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMicroarray data is subject to noise and systematic variation that negatively affects the resolution of copy number analysis. We describe Rawcopy, an R package for processing of Affymetrix CytoScan HD, CytoScan 750k and SNP 6.0 microarray raw intensities (CEL files). Noise characteristics of a large number of reference samples are used to estimate log ratio and B-allele frequency for total and allele-specific copy number analysis. Rawcopy achieves better signal-to-noise ratio and higher proportion of validated alterations than commonly used free and proprietary alternatives. In addition, Rawcopy visualizes each microarray sample for assessment of technical quality, patient identity and genome-wide absolute copy number states. Software and instructions are available at http://rawcopy.org.
Energy-filtered Electron Transport Structures for Low-power Low-noise 2-D Electronics
Authors: Pan Xuan , Qiu Wanzhi , Skafidas Efstratios 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn addition to cryogenic techniques, energy filtering has the potential to achieve high-performance low-noise 2-D electronic systems. Assemblies based on graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been demonstrated to exhibit interesting transport properties, including resonant tunnelling. In this paper, we investigate GQDs based structures with the goal of producing energy filters for next generation lower-power lower-noise 2-D electronic systems. We evaluate the electron transport properties of the proposed GQD device structures to demonstrate electron energy filtering and the ability to control the position and magnitude of the energy passband by appropriate device dimensioning. We also show that the signal-to-thermal noise ratio performance of the proposed nanoscale device can be modified according to device geometry. The tunability of two-dimensional GQD structures indicates a promising route for the design of electron energy filters to produce low-power and low-noise electronics.
Antileukemic Scalarane Sesterterpenoids and Meroditerpenoid from Carteriospongia (Phyllospongia) sp., Induce Apoptosis via Dual Inhibitory Effects on Topoisomerase II and Hsp90
Authors: Lai Kuei-Hung , Liu Yi-Chang , Su Jui-Hsin , El-Shazly Mohamed , Wu Chih-Fung , Du Ying-Chi , Hsu Yu-Ming , Yang Juan-Cheng , Weng Ming-Kai , Chou Chia-Hua , Chen Guan-Yu , Chen Yu-Cheng , Lu Mei-Chin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTwo new scalarane sesterterpenoids, 12β-(3′β-hydroxybutanoyloxy)-20,24-dimethyl-24-oxo-scalara-16-en-25-al (1) and 12β-(3′β-hydroxypentanoyloxy)-20,24-dimethyl-24-oxo-scalara-16-en-25-al (2), along with one known tetraprenyltoluquinol-related metabolite (3), were isolated from the sponge Carteriospongia sp. In leukemia Molt 4 cells, 1 at 0.0625 μg/mL (125 nM) triggered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption and apoptosis showing more potent effect than 2 and 3. The isolates inhibited topoisomerase IIα expression. The apoptotic-inducing effect of 3 was supported by the in vivo experiment through suppressing the volume of xenograft tumor growth (47.58%) compared with the control. Compound 1 apoptotic mechanism of action in Molt 4 cells was further elucidated through inducing ROS generation, calcium release and ER stress. Using the molecular docking analysis, 1 exhibited more binding affinity to N-terminal ATP-binding pocket of Hsp90 protein than 17-AAG, a standard Hsp90 inhibitor. The expression of Hsp90 client proteins, Akt, p70S6k, NFκB, Raf-1, p-GSK3β, and XIAP, MDM 2 and Rb2, and CDK4 and Cyclin D3, HIF 1 and HSF1 were suppressed by the use of 1. However, the expression of Hsp70, acetylated tubulin, and activated caspase 3 were induced after 1 treatment. Our results suggested that the proapoptotic effect of the isolates is mediated through the inhibition of Hsp90 and topoisomerase activities.
Metabolomics reveals the protective of Dihydromyricetin on glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin sensitivity
Authors: Le Liang , Jiang Baoping , Wan Wenting , Zhai Wei , Xu Lijia , Hu Keping , Xiao Peigen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDihydromyricetin (DMY), an important flavanone found in Ampelopsis grossedentata, possesses antioxidative properties that ameliorate skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and exert a hepatoprotective effect. However, little is known about the effects of DMY in the context of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic insulin resistance. Male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were fed a HFD(60% fat) supplemented with DMY for 8 weeks. The administration of DMY to the rats with HFD-induced insulin resistance reduces hyperglycemia, plasma levels of insulin, and steatosis in the liver. Furthermore, DMY treatment modulated 24 metabolic pathways, including glucose metabolism, the TCA cycle. DMY significantly enhanced glucose uptake and improved the translocation of glucose transporter 1. The specificity of DMY promoted the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In addition, the exposure of HepG2 cells to high glucose concentrations impaired the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt2 Ser474 and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) Ser612, increased GSK-3β phosphorylation, and upregulated G6Pase and PEPCK expression. Collectively, DMY improved glucose-related metabolism while reducing lipid levels in the HFD-fed rats. These data suggest that DMY might be a useful drug for use in type 2 diabetes insulin resistance therapy and for the treatment of hepatic steatosis.
Big Area Additive Manufacturing of High Performance Bonded NdFeB Magnets
Authors: Li Ling , Tirado Angelica , Nlebedim I. C. , Rios Orlando , Post Brian , Kunc Vlastimil , Lowden R. R. , Lara-Curzio Edgar , Fredette Robert , Ormerod John , Lograsso Thomas A. , Paranthaman M. Parans 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAdditive manufacturing allows for the production of complex parts with minimum material waste, offering an effective technique for fabricating permanent magnets which frequently involve critical rare earth elements. In this report, we demonstrate a novel method - Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) - to fabricate isotropic near-net-shape NdFeB bonded magnets with magnetic and mechanical properties comparable or better than those of traditional injection molded magnets. The starting polymer magnet composite pellets consist of 65 vol% isotropic NdFeB powder and 35 vol% polyamide (Nylon-12). The density of the final BAAM magnet product reached 4.8 g/cm3, and the room temperature magnetic properties are: intrinsic coercivity Hci = 688.4 kA/m, remanence Br = 0.51 T, and energy product (BH)max = 43.49 kJ/m3 (5.47 MGOe). In addition, tensile tests performed on four dog-bone shaped specimens yielded an average ultimate tensile strength of 6.60 MPa and an average failure strain of 4.18%. Scanning electron microscopy images of the fracture surfaces indicate that the failure is primarily related to the debonding of the magnetic particles from the polymer binder. The present method significantly simplifies manufacturing of near-net-shape bonded magnets, enables efficient use of rare earth elements thus contributing towards enriching the supply of critical materials.
Interferon-alpha therapy for refractory kaposiform hemangioendothelioma: a single-center experience
Authors: Wu Hai Wei , Wang Xuan , Zhang Ling , Zhao Hai Guang , Wang Yan An , Su Li Xin , Fan Xin Dong , Zheng Jia Wei 
Published: October 2016

AbstractKaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a relatively rare vascular tumor with an aggressive and infiltrating nature. Previous studies have revealed an exclusive relationship between KHE and Kasabach-Merritt Phenomenon (KMP), which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. No universally accepted treatment modality exists for refractory KHE with or without KMP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) therapy for treatment of refractory KHE. Twelve consecutive patients with KHE were treated with subcutaneous injections of IFN-α after other treatments had failed. Eleven patients exhibited a reduction in tumor size of more than 50%, and the platelet count for all five patients with KMP returned to normal level after IFN-α therapy. The duration of IFN-α treatment ranged from 3 months to 9 months (mean: 6.3 months). The response time for IFN-α treatment ranged from 10 days to 5 weeks (mean: 3.6 weeks). Additionally, no severe complications, such as neurological damage or spastic diplegia, were observed in these patients. In conclusion, our study suggested that IFN-α therapy is effective and safe for refractory KHE, and IFN-α may be used as an alternative after other treatments have failed.
The osteogenic potential of human bone callus
Authors: Han Weiqi , He Wei , Yang Wanlei , Li Jianlei , Yang Zhifan , Lu Xuanyuan , Qin An , Qian Yu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBone callus, generated during fracture healing, is commonly discarded during surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic potential of bone callus and its possible use as autograft material for patients needing bone grafts. Histology, immunohistochemistry, micro-computed tomography, and biomechanics were performed to examine osteogenic cells, osteoinductive factors, and the osteoconductive structure of bone callus. Alkaline phosphatase-positive osteoblasts, osteoinductive factors (including BMP2, FGF2, TGFB1, and IGF1), and a porous structure were found in bone callus. Early-stage callus (within 3 months after fracture) presented significantly improved osteogenic properties compared to medium- (3–9 months) and late-stage (longer than 9 months) callus. The results revealed that bone callus induced new bone formation in a nude mouse model. Early-stage callus showed better performance to medium- and late-stage callus in the induction of new bone formation at both 8 and 12 weeks. These findings indicated that bone callus, especially early-stage callus, possesses osteogenic potential and can potentially serve as an alternative source of material for bone grafts.
Digital LDO with 1‐bit ΔΣ modulation for low‐voltage clock generation systems
Authors: Song Haixin , Rhee Woogeun , Shim Inbo , Wang Zhihua 
Published: October 2016

A coarse‐fine dual‐loop digital low dropout regulator (DLDO) having a binary weighed transistor array in the coarse loop and a 1‐bit ΔΣ modulator in the fine loop is proposed. Compared with the conventional DLDO, the proposed architecture significantly reduces hardware complexity and alleviates matching requirement, enabling a robust DLDO design for low‐voltage phase‐locked loops. The proposed DLDO designed in 65 nm CMOS generates a noise‐shaped output voltage whose peak value is <1 mV with the load current ranging from 100 μA to 6 mA.
Comparison between traditional single‐phase auto reclosing and adaptive technique based on harmonic content measurement
Authors: Dias Ozenir , Tavares Maria Cristina 
Published: October 2016

This study presents the results of single‐phase auto reclosing technique tests, comparing the performance of traditional procedure and fast adaptive procedure. The last is based on the measurement of voltage harmonic content on the transmission line faulty phase terminals. The transmission system used was modelled on the real‐time digital simulator with a distance relay and a quality meter to more realistically implement the reclosing techniques. The studied system was based on an actual Brazilian 500 kV transmission system. This study highlights the advantages of using the adaptive technique opposite to the use of traditional manoeuvre.
Improved differential current protection scheme for CSC‐HVDC transmission lines
Authors: Kong Fei , Hao Zhiguo , Zhang Baohui 
Published: October 2016

In the modern power system, current source converted high‐voltage direct current (CSC‐HVDC) system is playing an increasingly important role due to the advantages such as flexible control, asynchronous interconnection, and long distance transmission. However, the conventional differential current protection has exposed the shortages in operation speed and fault identification. This study proposes a novel differential current protection scheme, which is composed of the differential current unit and blocking unit. Both of them are designed based on the differences in the newly defined differential current between the internal fault and external fault. A ± 800 kV UHVDC simulation system is established to verify the performance of the proposed protection. Simulation test results show that the proposed protection can accurately distinguish the internal fault from external fault in the whole fault period. The identification performance is not influenced by the fault location or fault resistance. Besides, the requirement of sampling rate is low and the calculation amount can be negligible, providing a favourable condition for the proposed protection scheme to be implemented into the real HVDC control and protection system.
La longue marche du mouvement sportif camerounais : l'émergence du Comité Olympique Camerounais (1946–1964)
Authors: Charitas Pascal , Kemo-Keimbou David-Claude 
Published: October 2016

L'indépendance de la zone française est proclamée République du Cameroun le 1er janvier 1960, le Cameroun devenant la première des 18 colonies africaines à accéder à l'indépendance en 1960. Il est rejoint par une partie du territoire sous administration britannique (Cameroon) en octobre 1961 (la partie Nord ayant opté pour l'union avec le Nigeria) pour former la République fédérale du Cameroun, qui, le 20 mai 1972, fut renommée République unie du Cameroun, puis République du Cameroun depuis 1984. Comme pour la plupart des Etats d'Afrique, le Cameroun et ses frontières actuelles résultent donc de la colonisation européenne.
Dans ces conditions et selon le statut particulier de ce territoire du « pré-carré » africain de la France, il s'agit de comprendre les étapes de l'institutionnalisation du sport camerounais au sein des atermoiements de la colonisation française puis les processus à l'œuvre dans l'émergence puis la création du Comité Olympique Camerounais (COC), symbole de l'émancipation du sport camerounais et marqueur de son intégration sur la scène sportive internationale, plus particulièrement olympique. Autrement dit, de 1946 et la mise sous tutelle par l'ONU du Cameroun français pour sa partie orientale à 1964 et la première participation du CNO du Cameroun aux Jeux olympiques de Tokyo, l'objectif est de saisir ici le passage d'un sport colonial à un sport postcolonial mettant en exergue le rôle de l'influence française et le rôle des cadres camerounais du secteur sportif.