bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Females drive asymmetrical introgression from rare to common species in Darwin's tree finches
Authors: Peters K. J. , Myers S. A. , Dudaniec R. Y. , O'Connor J. A. , Kleindorfer S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe consequences of hybridization for biodiversity depend on the specific ecological and evolutionary context in which it occurs. Understanding patterns of gene flow among hybridizing species is crucial for determining the evolutionary trajectories of species assemblages. The recently discovered hybridization between two species of Darwin's tree finches (Camarhynchus parvulus and C. pauper) on Floreana Island, Galápagos, presents an exciting opportunity to investigate the mechanisms causing hybridization and its potential evolutionary consequences under conditions of recent habitat disturbance and the introduction of invasive pathogens. In this study, we combine morphological and genetic analysis with pairing observations to explore the extent, direction and drivers of hybridization and to test whether hybridization patterns are a result of asymmetrical pairing preference driven by females of the rarer species (C. pauper). We found asymmetrical introgression from the critically endangered, larger‐bodied C. pauper to the common, smaller‐bodied C. parvulus, which was associated with a lack of selection against heterospecific males by C. pauper females. Examination of pairing data showed that C. parvulus females paired assortatively, whereas C. pauper females showed no such pattern. This study shows how sex‐specific drivers can determine the direction of gene flow in hybridizing species. Furthermore, our results suggest the existence of a hybrid swarm comprised of C. parvulus and hybrid birds. We discuss the influence of interspecific abundance differences and susceptibility to the invasive parasite Philornis downsi on the observed hybridization and recommend that the conservation of this iconic species group should be managed jointly rather than species‐specific.
No geographic variation in thermoregulatory colour plasticity and limited variation in heat‐avoidance behaviour inBattus philenorcaterpillars
Authors: Nielsen M. E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity can help organisms cope with variation in their current environment, including temperature variation, but not all environments are equally variable. In the least variable or extreme environments, plasticity may no longer be used. In this case, the plasticity could be lost altogether, or it could persist with either the same or an altered reaction norm, depending on factors such as the plasticity's costs. In the pipevine swallowtail caterpillar (Battus philenor), I tested for changes in two forms of heat‐avoidance plasticity, colour change and refuge‐seeking behaviour, across the species’ range in the United states, including the cooler eastern parts of its range where colour change has not been observed and is unlikely to be needed. I found that both heat‐avoidance behaviour and colour change persisted in all surveyed populations. Indeed, the reaction norm for colour change remained nearly unaltered, whereas the threshold for refuge‐seeking only changed slightly across populations. These results suggest that the costs of these plastic traits are low enough for them to be maintained by whatever minimal gene flow the population receives. I show that plasticity can be maintained unaltered in populations where it is not used and discuss the potential consequences of this persistence for both the ecology and evolution of plasticity.
Breeding biology and the evolution of dynamic sexual dichromatism in frogs
Authors: Bell R. C. , Webster G. N. , Whiting M. J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDynamic sexual dichromatism is a temporary colour change between the sexes and has evolved independently in a wide range of anurans, many of which are explosive breeders wherein males physically compete for access to females. Behavioural studies in a few species indicate that dynamic dichromatism functions as a visual signal in large breeding aggregations; however, the prevalence of this trait and the social and environmental factors underlying its expression are poorly understood. We compiled a database of 178 anurans with dynamic dichromatism that include representatives from 15 families and subfamilies. Dynamic dichromatism is common in two of the three subfamilies of hylid treefrogs. Phylogenetic comparative analyses of 355 hylid species (of which 95 display dynamic dichromatism) reveal high transition rates between dynamic dichromatism, ontogenetic (permanent) dichromatism and monochromatism reflecting the high evolutionary lability of this trait. Correlated evolution in hylids between dynamic dichromatism and forming large breeding aggregations indicates that the evolution of large breeding aggregations precedes the evolution of dynamic dichromatism. Multivariate phylogenetic logistic regression recovers the interaction between biogeographic distribution and forming breeding aggregations as a significant predictor of dynamic dichromatism in hylids. Accounting for macroecological differences between temperate and tropical regions, such as seasonality and the availability of breeding sites, may improve our understanding of ecological contexts in which dynamic dichromatism is likely to arise in tropical lineages and why it is retained in some temperate species and lost in others.
Artificial neural network model for the kinetics of canola oil extraction for different seed samples and pretreatments
Authors: Sánchez R. J. , Fernández M. B. , Nolasco S. M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this work, a multi‐layer feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) was used for modeling and predicting the oil extraction yields of three canola samples with three pretreatments (unpretreatment, hydrothermal, and microwave pretreatment), considering extraction time and temperature as variables. Based on the results of the training, validation, and testing of the network, a neural network with eleven neurons in one hidden layer was selected as the best architecture for predicting the oil extraction yield response. Results obtained by the ANN model were compared with models from the literature (modified Fick's diffusion models), generally obtaining a more accurate fit with the ANN model.Practical applicationsExisting models of canola oil extraction kinetics have some limitations since they are not able to describe various conditions, such as variability among samples and pretreatments. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are powerful and high‐precision computational statistical modeling techniques that can address different problems. The aim of this work was to model the kinetics of canola oil extraction under different conditions (varying temperature, samples of canola, pretreatments applied) with an ANN, which presents several advantages over other reported models, allowing to describe a process that depends on many variables even when the data are incomplete or contain errors, thus facilitating its industrial application.
Shelf life extension of chicken packed in active film developed with mango peel extract
Authors: Kanatt Sweetie R. , Chawla S. P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIndia is the largest producer of mango in the world and disposal of the huge amount of peel generated as a waste, is a problem. In this work the potential of using this waste for developing food packaging film that can extend the shelf of chicken packed in it was investigated. The effect of four extracting solvents and two extraction techniques on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of mango peel (MP) from four popular Indian mango varieties (Alphonso, Kesar, Langra, and Badami) were investigated. Best bioactive properties were observed in Langra variety extracted by sonication in 80% acetone followed by in 70% ethanol. These two extracts were used to prepare functional food packaging films using poly vinyl alcohol (PVA), cyclodextrin, and gelatin as the polymers. Composite films containing MP had good barrier to UV light. Tensile strength of film containing 70% ethanol extract of MP was higher than that of control films. Antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity (against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative organisms) was observed in films containing MP. Minced chicken meat packed in films not containing MP spoiled within 3 days while that packed in MP containing films had a shelf life of more than 12 days during chilled storage. PVA‐cyclodextrin‐gelatin film containing Langra mango peel extract is a viable option for development of active food packaging that can be used as a primary packaging material.Practical applicationsActive packaging is an emerging field in the food industry which has the potential to reduce the use of synthetic additives and polymers. Mango peel is a waste produced in large quantities by the mango processing industry and is rich in bioactive compounds. This can be used as the active component in biodegradable films that can extend the shelf life of the food packed in it. Thus the use of both synthetic additives and plastics can be minimized.
Isolation and identification of Enterobacteriaceae from traditional Serbian cheese and their physiological characteristics
Authors: Mladenović Katarina G. , Muruzović Mirjana Ž. , Žugić Petrović Tanja , Stefanović Olgica D. , Čomić Ljiljana R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the presence of enterobacteria in autochthonous cheese from Southeast Serbia (Sokobanja), made in the traditional way, was investigated. The samples from different households, was taken during the summer and the autumn. Chemical and physical characteristics of samples (water content, fat content, acidity, pH, and sodium chloride content) were examined. In the analyzed samples of cheese, four different genera of family Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella [65%], Escherichia [20%], Serratia [10%], and Enterobacter [5%]) were identified. The members of genus Klebsiella were Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Klebsiella ornithinolytica, while in the genus Escherichia only one species, Escherichia coli was identified. Besides, two species of the genus Serratia, Serratia odorifera and Serratia marcescens biogp 1, and one species of the genus Enterobacter, Enterobacter gergoviae, were identified. Biochemical characteristics, proteolytic and lipolytic activity, sensitivity to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline were, also, determined. According to the rapid latex agglutination test, of the four E. coli isolates, two isolates belong to serotype E. coli O157.Practical applicationsThe results of this study contribute to better understanding of unexplored microflora of cheese from Sokobanja. The isolated genera were Klebsiella sp., Escherichia sp., Enterobacter sp., and Serratia sp. with twenty identified species. It is well known that bacteria from family Enterobacteriaceae could affect organoleptic properties of cheese. Bacteria isolated from cheese from Sokobanja mostly did not manifest proteolytic and lipolytic activity. The most number of isolates were susceptible to tested antibiotics. Further researches may contribute to better understanding of interaction between enterobacteria and lactic acid bacteria in autochthonous cheeses.
Effect of Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil on shelf life and fate of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus in refrigerated chicken meatballs
Authors: Shahbazi Yasser , Karami Negin , Shavisi Nassim 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate application of Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil (ZEO) to extend shelf life and control Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus in chicken meatballs. The control and treated samples with different concentrations of ZEO (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% vol/wt) were preserved at refrigerated temperature for 12 days and analyzed for microbial (total viable count, psychrotrophic bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae, L. monocytogenes, and S. aureus), chemical (total volatile base nitrogen, peroxide value, protein carbonyl contents, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), and sensory (odor and off odor) properties at 2‐day intervals. According to our findings, treated samples with different concentrations of ZEO showed better microbiological, chemical, and organoleptic properties compared to control sample until the end of the study period. Our results showed that 0.3% ZEO could be used for chicken meatball preservation without any unfavorable sensory properties.Practical applicationsNowadays, increasing research has been focused on the application of different essential oils to extend shelf life and also control food‐related pathogens in different food model systems due to concern regarding the use of synthetic additives and also increasing consumer interest for improvement of quality and organoleptic properties of food products. In the present study, Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil as a natural substance could successfully extend the shelf life and control Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus in raw chicken meatball preserved at 4 °C until home cooking. Based on our findings, this essential oil can be used as a natural antimicrobial alternative to the synthetic chemical preservatives in food such as chicken meatball.
Activating sodium alginate‐based edible coating using a dietary supplement for increasing the shelf life of rainbow trout fillet during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C)
Authors: Bazargani‐Gilani Behnaz 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to examine activating sodium alginate‐based edible coating (AL) with resveratrol (RE) as a dietary supplement for increasing the shelf life of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillet during refrigerated storage. Administered treatments were AL, AL–RE 0.1%, AL–RE 0.2%, and control. Samples were stored at 4 °C for 15 days and analyzed at 3‐day intervals. All treatments indicated a significant decrease (p ≤ .05) in their total viable counts, psychrotrophic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts–molds compared to the control in the storage period. Thiobarbituric acid value and total volatile basic nitrogen were significantly lower in all treatments (p ≤ .05) compared to the control. RE improved the alginate effects on increasing the shelf life of the samples. In conclusion, RE can be considered as a replacement to the synthetic antimicrobials and synthetic antioxidants in the rainbow trout fillets with more health benefits.Practical applicationsSince fish fillets are very perishable products, improving preservation techniques for enhancing their shelf‐life seems quite necessary. Besides bacterial growth, oxidation reactions can induce the spoilage of fish meat in the storage period. The various synthetic preservatives are generally undesired by consumers because of their adverse effects. Resveratrol, a dietary supplement, can be used as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial in the rainbow trout fillet with added health benefits.
Utility of magnetic resonance elastography for predicting ascites in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Abe Kazumichi , Takahashi Atsushi , Imaizumi Hiromichi , Hayashi Manabu , Okai Ken , Kanno Yukiko , Sato Naoya , Kenjo Akira , Marubashi Shigeru , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the utility of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) as a non‐invasive method for predicting ascites in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).MethodsA total of 208 CLD patients underwent MRE to measure liver stiffness (LS) at our institution from March 2013 to June 2015. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of MRE for predicting the presence of ascites using receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and compared the performance with that of serum fibrosis markers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the presence of ascites. The cumulative incidence of ascites was examined in patients without ascites at baseline. The pathological stage of liver fibrosis was evaluated in 81 CLD patients using histopathologic diagnosis.ResultsOf the 208 patients, 41 had ascites. The optimal cut‐off LS value for the presence of ascites was 6.0 kPa (area under the ROC curve = 0.87). The area under the ROC curve for the presence of ascites was significantly higher for MRE than that for fibrosis markers. Multivariate analysis revealed that LS >6.0 kPa is an independent risk factor for the presence of ascites. The cumulative incidence of ascites was significantly higher among those with LS values >6.0 kPa. There was significantly greater diagnostic accuracy for liver fibrosis stage ≥4 with MRE than that with fibrosis markers.ConclusionsCompared with serum fibrosis markers, MRE has higher diagnostic performance in predicting the presence of ascites. MRE‐based LS has the potential to predict the presence of ascites in CLD patients.
A de novo dominant mutation in KIF1A associated with axonal neuropathy, spasticity and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Tomaselli Pedro J. , Rossor Alexander M. , Horga Alejandro , Laura Matilde , Blake Julian C. , Houlden Henry , Reilly Mary M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMutations in the kinesin family member 1A (KIF1A) gene have been associated with a wide range of phenotypes including recessive mutations causing hereditary sensory neuropathy and hereditary spastic paraplegia and de novo dominant mutations causing a more complex neurological disorder affecting both the central and peripheral nervous system. We identified by exome sequencing a de novo dominant missense variant, (c.38G>A, p.R13H), within an ATP binding site of the kinesin motor domain in a patient manifesting a complex phenotype characterized by autism spectrum disorder (ASD), spastic paraplegia and axonal neuropathy. The presence of ASD distinguishes this case from previously reported patients with de novo dominant mutations in KIF1A.
Call to Action: The Case for Advancing Disaster Nursing Education in the United States
Authors: Veenema Tener Goodwin , Lavin Roberta Proffitt , Griffin Anne , Gable Alicia R. , Couig Mary Pat , Dobalian Aram 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeClimate change, human conflict, and emerging infectious diseases are inexorable actors in our rapidly evolving healthcare landscape that are triggering an ever‐increasing number of disaster events. A global nursing workforce is needed that possesses the knowledge, skills, and abilities to respond to any disaster or large‐scale public health emergency in a timely and appropriate manner. The purpose of this article is to articulate a compelling mandate for the advancement of disaster nursing education within the United States with clear action steps in order to contribute to the achievement of this vision.Design and MethodsA national panel of invited disaster nursing experts was convened through a series of monthly semistructured conference calls to work collectively towards the achievement of a national agenda for the future of disaster nursing education.FindingsNational nursing education experts have developed consensus recommendations for the advancement of disaster nursing education in the United States. This article proposes next steps and action items to achieve the desired vision of national nurse readiness.ConclusionsNovel action steps for expanding disaster educational opportunities across the continuum of nursing are proposed in response to the current compelling need to prepare for, respond to, and mitigate the impact of disasters on human health. U.S. educational institutions and health and human service organizations that employ nurses must commit to increasing access to a variety of quality disaster‐related educational programs for nurses and nurse leaders.Clinical RelevanceOpportunities exist to strengthen disaster readiness and enhance national health security by expanding educational programming and training for nurses.
Reliable and simple spectrophotometric determination of sun protection factor: A case study using organic UV filter‐based sunscreen products
Authors: Yang Soo In , Liu Shuanghui , Brooks Geoffrey J , Lanctot Yves , Gruber James V 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundCurrent in vitro SPF screening method for plant oil body (oleosome)‐based SPF products possesses significant inconsistency and low reliability in the SPF rating.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of spectrophotometrically determined sun protection factor (SPF) from oleosome‐based SPF products. The secondary objective was the data comparison of the spectrophotometric measurements against in vivo SPF testing to establish a reliable in vitro test method as a screening assay.MethodsOctyl methoxycinnamate (UVB filter) and avobenzone (UVA filter) were loaded into safflower oil bodies and formulated into oil‐in‐water emulsion‐based finished products. To evaluate the reliability between in vivo and spectrophotometric test methods, samples were dispatched to a clinical laboratory, and the reported SPF values were compared with spectrophotometric test results.ResultsThe observed SPF from the in vivo and spectrophotometric test results demonstrated a high correlation for SPF 30 products. Proportional correlation between the two evaluation methods was observed for SPF 15 and 50 products with slightly lesser accuracy with a smaller number of population tested in the clinical studies.ConclusionsA reliable spectrophotometric screening method for oil body‐based SPF formulas has been developed using two broadly used organic UV sunscreen actives as a case study. The results demonstrated a high level of reproducibility and reliability compared to the US FDA‐guided in vivo SPF testing method.
The coping experiences of spouses of persons with dementia
Authors: Myhre Janne , Bjørnstad Tonga Johanne , Ulstein Ingun Dina , Høye Sevald , Kvaal Kari 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore how spouses who are caregivers to persons with dementia experience everyday life 6–12 months after participation in the intervention condition in the Norwegian Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Early Dementia (N‐CORDIAL) study.BackgroundThere is no current medical curative treatment for cognitive impairment and dementia‐associated conditions. These conditions will lead to an increased need for daily assistance and care, as well as greater stress for caregivers. The NorwegianCORDIALStudy is a manual‐based randomised controlled trial based on the GermanCORDIALstudy (cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive behavioural treatment for early dementia in Alzheimer's disease), consisting of cognitive rehabilitation, cognitive behavioural therapy and life review methods.Design and methodsA descriptive exploratory study with qualitative semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with six spouses of persons with dementia who had participated in the NorwegianCORDIALstudy. The transcribed text was analysed by systematic text condensation.ResultThe main theme identified, “An everyday search for meaning,” referred to the stress experienced by the caregivers and their coping strategies in everyday life.ConclusionThe caregivers had gained increased awareness of coping strategies in everyday life 6–12 months after the intervention. Caregivers who experienced fewer neuropsychiatric symptoms in their spouses with dementia benefitted most from the intervention.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study is relevant to clinical practice as interventions focusing on how to improve coping strategies may reduce caregiver stress and contribute to postponement of nursing home placement.