bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The disappearing lesion in the cricopharynx: A hypopharyngeal cushion
Authors: Balaji Sarath , Thirunavukkarasu Saravanamuthu , Chellakutti Thangaraj , Madhusudan Manoj 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA 2‐year‐old girl presented to our aero‐digestive clinic with complaints of dysphagia to solids. On awake endoscopy, a bluish, expansile lesion was noticed. posterior to the arytenoids, which became prominent when crying. During the airway evaluation under general anesthesia, the lesion completely disappeared, revealing a normal posterior cricoid region. Upon closer examination, a small venous malformation was noted in the posterior pharyngeal wall. A diagnosis of a “hypopharyngeal cushion” was made.
The preclinical pharmacokinetics of Tolinapant—A dual cIAP1/XIAP antagonist with in vivo efficacy
Authors: Martins Vanessa , Ward George , Smyth Tomoko , Reader Mike , Chessari Gianni , Johnson Chris , Wilsher Nicola 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAT‐IAP (1‐{6‐[(4‐fluorophenyl)methyl]‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1H,2H,3H‐pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyridin‐1‐yl}‐2‐[(2R,5R)‐5‐methyl‐2‐{[(3R)‐3‐methylmorpholin‐4‐yl]methyl}piperazin‐1‐yl]ethan‐1‐one) was identified as a novel potent non‐alanine small molecule dual inhibitor of cIAP1/XIAP protein. AT‐IAP was assessed in preclinical species, demonstrating favorable bioavailability in rodent species and oral efficacy at 30 mg/kg in MDA‐MB‐231 mouse xenograft models. The major metabolic route of AT‐IAP was identified to be CYP3A driven, resulting in low oral exposure in non‐human primate (NHP) studies, given the comparatively high expression of equivalent CYP3A. AT‐IAP metabolite identification studies determined ring opening of the morpholino or piperazine moiety. An extensive campaign of optimisation resulted in increased polarity by the addition of a hydroxymethyl, which led to the identification of tolinapant (1‐(6‐[(4‐Fluorophenyl)methyl]‐5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1 H,2 H,3 H‐pyrrolo[3,2‐ b]pyridin‐1‐yl)‐2‐[(2 R,5 R)‐5‐methyl‐2‐([(3R)‐3‐methylmorpholin‐4‐yl]methyl)piperazin‐1‐yl]ethan‐1‐one) with reduced CYP3A metabolism. Tolinapant showed oral bioavailability in rodents and NHP in the range 12–34% at 5 mg/kg. Non‐linear pharmacokinetics in NHP were observed at oral doses in the range 5–75 mg/kg. Pharmacodynamic modulation and efficacy were demonstrated in A375 mouse xenograft models at dose ranges between 5 and 20 mg/kg. On‐target engagement, as measured by reduction of cIAP 1 protein levels, was confirmed in NHP surrogate tissues and applied to target activity assessments in tolinapant phase1/2 clinical trials.
Dynamic Self‐Triggered Parallel Control of Guidance Intercept Systems With Constrained Inputs via Adaptive Dynamic Programming
Authors: Liu Lu , Song Ruizhuo , Lian Bosen 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces an anti‐saturation optimization algorithm based on dynamic self‐triggered adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) for bounded acceleration guidance interception. By establishing a nonlinear input‐constrained guidance intercept and control system, the smooth bounded function is used to constrain the system input to ensure that the system operates in a controllable range. Subsequently, the appropriate performance function that can accurately reflect the system is designed. In alignment with the advantages of parallel control and ADP, a group of parallel systems are constructed by modeling the derivation of control input. A self‐learning control framework is explored, facilitating virtual‐actual interaction and mutual reinforcement between multiple controllers, optimizing the management of the interception system. Furthermore, event‐triggered control (ETC) policies are devised, which can be updated only when needed by setting trigger conditions, thus saving data resources. The stability proof of the closed‐loop system is given to ensure that the system can keep stable operation when the trigger condition is satisfied. On this basis, a dynamic self‐triggered control (DSTC) with soft computing is put forward, enabling trigger instant calculation without real‐time system monitoring and further extending the trigger interval. Simulation results evidence that the devised guidance scheme can intercept the maneuvering target at a reduced expenditure of communication resources.
A Modified Debiased Inverse‐Variance Weighted Estimator in Two‐Sample Summary‐Data Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Su Youpeng , Xu Siqi , Ma Yilei , Yin Ping , Hao Xingjie , Zhou Jiyuan , Fung Wing Kam , Jiang Hongwei , Wang Peng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMendelian randomization uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to estimate the causal effect of exposure on outcome from observational data. A common challenge in Mendelian randomization is that many genetic variants are only modestly or even weakly associated with the exposure of interest, a setting known as many weak instruments. Conventional methods, such as the popular inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) estimator, could be heavily biased toward zero when the instrument strength is weak. To address this issue, the debiased IVW (dIVW) estimator and the penalized IVW (pIVW) estimator, which are shown to be robust to many weak instruments, were recently proposed. However, we find that the dIVW estimator tends to produce an exaggerated estimate of the causal effect, especially when the effective sample size is small. Although the pIVW estimator has better statistical properties, it is slightly more complex, and the idea behind this method is also a bit less intuitive. Therefore, we propose a modified debiased IVW (mdIVW) estimator that directly multiplies a shrinkage factor with the original dIVW estimator. After this simple modification, we prove that the mdIVW estimator not only has second‐order bias with respect to the effective sample size, but also has smaller variance and mean squared error than the preceding two estimators. We then extend the proposed method to account for the presence of instrumental variable selection and balanced horizontal pleiotropy. We demonstrate the improvement of the mdIVW estimator over the competing ones through extensive simulation studies and real data analysis.
UV Filter NanoCapsule with Broad‐Spectrum UV Protection
Authors: Wang Yali , Chen Hao , Zhang Yun , Cao Yuhua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, nanocapsules encapsulating avobenzone (AVB) compounded with isooctyl p‐dimethylaminobenzoate (OD‐PABA) were prepared via miniemulsion polymerization using methyl methacrylate (MMA) as the monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross‐linker, and poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylic acid) (P(St‐co‐MAA)) as the polymeric emulsifier. When a solid ultraviolet radiation A (UVA) filter, AVB, was encapsulated in nanocapsules (A‐UVNCs), the encapsulation and loading rates were 67.6% and 9.7%, respectively. When a liquid ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) filter, OD‐PABA, was combined with AVB, the encapsulation and loading rates of the nanocapsules (A/O‐UVNCs) of AVB and OD‐PABA increased to 90.0% and 15.6%, respectively, and 71.5% and 14.0%, respectively. The A/O‐UVNCs realized broad‐spectrum ultraviolet (UV) protection with an SPF value of 46.3. The A/O‐UVNCs have raspberry‐like nanostructures. These submicron particles can scatter and reflect a portion of the UV radiation and synergistically enhance UV protection. After exposure to simulated sunlight for four hours, the UVAPF of a sunscreen containing A‐UVNCs or A/O‐UVNCs decreased to a smaller extent than that of the sunscreen containing free AVB. Cell toxicity experiments showed that the cell viability of A‐UVNCs and A/O‐UVNCs was 85.9% and 83.0%, respectively. Therefore, UVNCs not only enhance UV protection but also improve photostability and safety.
Linear versus non‐linear modelling: A systemic analysis with empirical data on credit and investment
Authors: Vithessonthi Chaiporn , Ushakova Evgenia , Schwaninger Markus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to shed light on the capabilities of linear versus non‐linear forms of modelling complex systems. A comparative analysis is realized, which shows the differences between two established methods — regression analysis (RA) and system dynamics (SD). To realize that methodological comparison, we need a benchmark in substantive terms. Therefore, we embed our analysis in a realistic scenario. A set of hypotheses related to the banking and investment sector is tested on the basis of rich empirical macro‐ and firm‐level data. We examine (1) whether the central bank's monetary policy affects the lending rate of commercial banks and (2) whether the lending rate of the commercial banks affects non‐financial firms' investment. A RA is conducted, to test our hypotheses on the assumption of linear relationships between the variables. To explore the non‐linear relationships between the variables, and to test the robustness of our regression results, we then model the system under investigation using the SD method(ology). The regression results show that the monetary policy rate has a positive and immediate effect on the lending rates and a negative but lagged effect on the bank loan supply. The long‐term lending rates are negatively associated with corporate investment, whilst the bank loan supply has no direct effect on corporate investment. Although the regression results indicate that monetary policy rate has no direct effect on corporate investment, the SD model shows that the monetary policy rate exerts a negative effect on corporate investment. Hence, the two types of modelling can come to different results, given the distinct implications of the exogenous perspective (i.e. the exogenous condition of predictor variables typically required in RA) and the endogenous perspective (i.e. the predictor variables are endogenized, as in SD). Comparing the outcomes of the two methodologies, we conclude that they complement each other. RA is easier to model. SD enhances the RA method by enabling a better understanding of non‐linear phenomena.
The United European Gastroenterology green paper—climate change and gastroenterology
Authors: Duijvestein Marjolijn , Sidhu Reena , Zimmermann Katharina , Carrington Emma V. , Hann Alexander , Sousa Paula , Touw Hugo R. W. , van Hooft Jeanin E. , Müller Martina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractClimate change, described by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2021 as ‘the single biggest health threat facing humanity’, causes extreme weather, disrupts food supplies, and increases the prevalence of diseases, thereby affecting human health, medical practice, and healthcare stability. Greener Gastroenterology is an important movement that has the potential to make a real difference in reducing the impact of the delivery of healthcare, on the environment. The WHO defines an environmentally sustainable health system as one which would improve, maintain or restore health while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Gastroenterologists encounter the impacts of climate change in daily patient care. Alterations in the gut microbiome and dietary habits, air pollution, heat waves, and the distribution of infectious diseases result in changed disease patterns affecting gastrointestinal and hepatic health, with particularly severe impacts on vulnerable groups such as children, adolescents, and the elderly. Additionally, women are disproportionally affected, since climate change can exacerbate gender inequalities. Paradoxically, while healthcare aims to improve health, the sector is responsible for 4.4% of global carbon emissions. Endoscopy is a significant waste producer in healthcare, being the third highest generator with 3.09 kg of waste per day per bed, contributing to the carbon footprint of the GI sector. Solutions to the climate crisis can offer significant health co‐benefits. Steps to reduce our carbon footprint include fostering a Planetary Health Diet and implementing measures for greener healthcare, such as telemedicine, digitalization, education, and research on sustainable healthcare practices. Adhering to the principles of ‘reduce, reuse, recycle’ is crucial. Reducing unnecessary procedures, which constitute a significant portion of endoscopies, can significantly decrease the carbon footprint and enhance sustainability. This position paper by the United European Gastroenterology aims to raise awareness and outline key principles that the GI workforce can adopt to tackle the climate crisis together.
Wind Farm Power Maximisation via Wake Steering: A Gaussian Process‐Based Yaw‐Dependent Parameter Tuning Approach
Authors: Gori Filippo , Laizet Sylvain , Wynn Andrew 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMaximising the power production of wind farms is vital to meet the growing demand for wind energy and reduce its cost. Wake effects, resulting from the aerodynamic interactions between turbines in a wind farm, significantly impact farm efficiency, leading to substantial annual power losses. Wake steering, an influential control strategy, involves mitigating wake effects by strategically yaw misaligning upstream turbines to deflect their wakes. Conventional wake steering approaches typically rely on physics‐based analytical wake models with their parameters often calibrated using higher fidelity data. However, these approaches determine a fixed set of parameters prior to conducting wake steering, neglecting each parameter's dependency on yaw misalignment (i.e. the optimisation variables) exhibited throughout the optimisation process, potentially affecting its accuracy. To address this limitation, this paper introduces a novel data‐driven parameter tuning approach that integrates higher fidelity power measurements using Gaussian processes to continuously adapt parameters in lower fidelity wake models based on the current farm's yaw configuration. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated on a
wind farm and a layout corresponding to the Horns Rev wind farm, where various wind directions are investigated. The results reveal that the approach can enable a lower fidelity model to capture more complex physics, thereby improving its accuracy in wake steering optimisation, while maintaining robustness and computational efficiency. This method holds promise for real‐time control applications and can be extended to other control strategies and closed‐loop frameworks.
Shape factor and thermal radiation effects on convective MHD flow of Casson blood ternary hybrid nano‐fluid through a stretched rotating rigid disk
Authors: Gahgah Mounir , Kezzar Mohamed , Dwivedi Naveen , Nehal Abdelaziz , Sari Mohamed Rafik , Tabet Ismail , Alshehery Sultan , Aljohani Abdulrahman F. , Khan Ilyas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe mathematical modeling of blood flow with the incorporation of ternary hybrid nanoparticles (i.e., titania, silica, and alumina nanoparticles) is the focus of this work. The flow of blood is simulated using the Casson fluid model. The impacts of ternary hybrid nanoparticles, shape factor, and Geometry of solid nanoparticles are visualized and investigated. The momentum and thermal characteristics of a flowing liquid are determined by considering magnetization, porosity, and nonlinearized radiating thermal flux. The basic partial differential equations resulting from mathematical modeling are turned into non‐linear ordinary differential equations using suitable velocity transforms. The derived nonlinear equations are then numerically calculated using the 4th‐5th order Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg method with the shooting technique and analytically solved by the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). The effects of the factors involved on the dimensionless profiles produced are fully addressed. It is found that the Skin friction factor and heat transfer rate in the radial direction upsurge with the augment of both rotation parameter and nanoparticles volume fraction; however, the Skin friction factor drops in the azimuthal direction. Also, results obtained reveal an enhancement in the local Nusselt number with the upsurge in the magnitude of radiation parameter, Rd, solid nanoparticles concentration, , shape factor value, s, and disk temperature, . For validation, the outcomes of this inquiry were compared to the outcomes of the HAM‐based Mathematica software. In addition, the acquired analytical DRA data are compared to numerical RKF45 values and those given in the literature.
Electroosmotic base magnetic field study of peristaltic transport in a non‐uniform wavy ciliated channel for Williamson fluid with enhancing nanoparticles
Authors: Ajmal Madiha , Mehmood Rashid , Akbar Noreen Sher , Muhammad Taseer 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCiliary‐driven flows manifest prominently in various physiological and biological phenomena, serving as micro mixers in cilia‐based actuators, regulating flow in small biosensors, and functioning as micro pumps in drug‐delivery systems. Although there are some studies on cilia driven flows, however, electroosmotic flow of Williamson nanofluid in a non‐uniform ciliated channel has not been reported before. Keeping in view, the present study aims to investigate electroosmotic transport of blood through a non‐uniform wavy ciliated channel. The Williamson fluid model is employed to investigate the properties of blood. Graphene oxide nanoparticles are inserted within blood to examine the flow and thermal characteristics. Moreover, streamline patterns, average pressure rise, and temperature contours are also portrayed against sundry physical parameters to present a detailed physical analysis. The obtained results revealed that concentration profile declines with Eckert number Soret number , Weissenberg number and nanoparticle volume fraction while it enhances with Grashof number . Temperature of the fluid significantly drops by enhancing Grashof number and volume flow rate while it rises with Eckert number Weissenberg number and nanoparticle volume fraction . The average pressure rise per unit wavelength escalates with a rise in the volume fraction of nanoparticles (ϕ) in the peristaltic pumping region. However, beyond a critical value, it diminishes in the free and augmented pumping regions. Streamline patterns indicates a shrinking in the size of trapping bolus by enhancing the volume flow rate Temperature contours are significantly influenced by enhancing the Eckert number .
Captive Breeding Reveals Insights Into the Ecology and Reproductive Biology of 11 Little‐Known Malagasy Frog Species
Authors: Rakotoarisoa Justin Claude , Rakotoarison Andolalao , Rasoanantenaina Solonirina , Robsomanitrandrasana Eric , Edmonds Samina Sidonie Sam , Soamiarimampionona Jeanne , Tsimialomanana Edupsie , Wolf Sebastian , Edmonds Devin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAmphibians are facing an extinction crisis, with ex situ programs increasingly being used as a tool for their conservation. However, conservation efforts are often limited because we do not understand the ecological, behavioral, and life history traits of many amphibian species. Here, we report on the seasonal breeding patterns, egg‐laying behavior, clutch size, and development of 11 frog species maintained at a conservation breeding facility in Andasibe, Madagascar. The frogs exhibited diverse breeding strategies aligned with life history theory. Counting the eggs in 1239 egg masses across these 11 species, we found endotrophic microhylids and terrestrial‐breeding species had the smallest clutch size yet completed metamorphosis quickly, whereas species that laid eggs above or in water with exotrophic larvae had larger clutch sizes and took longer to develop. Most reproduction in captivity occurred during the warm, rainy season and followed seasonal patterns in temperature variation. Yet, Mantidactylus betsileanus bred throughout the year, and Heterixalus betsileo required additional environmental stimuli to trigger reproduction. Notably, we confirmed that Gephyromantis mitsinjo lays eggs on land with tadpoles developing terrestrially within jelly, a behavior previously theorized but which until now remained unobserved. Such observations show how captive breeding programs can be used to gain valuable data on the life history traits of species that are otherwise challenging to observe in nature. Our findings can be used to assess threats to closely related species, helping inform conservation efforts in a country harboring exceptional amphibian species richness and endemism.
Threats to Instrument Validity Within “in Silico” Research: Software Engineering to the Rescue
Authors: Demeyer Serge , Roover Coen De , Beyazit Mutlu , Härtel Johannes 
Published: October 2024

Abstract“In Silico” research drives the world around us, as illustrated by the way our society handles climate change, controls the COVID-19 pandemic and governs economic growth. Unfortunately, the code embedded in the underlying data processing is mostly written by scientists lacking formal training in software engineering. The resulting code is vulnerable, suffering from what is known as threats to instrument validity.This position paper aims to understand and remedy threats to instrument validity in current “in silico” research. To achieve this goal, we specify a research agenda listing how recent software engineering achievements may improve “in silico” research (SE4Silico) and, conversely, how software engineering may strengthen its applicability (Silico4SE).
Amitav Ghosh’s Storyworlds for Environmental Dwelling: Multimodal Iterations and Performativity in/of Jungle Nama: A Story of the Sundarban
Authors: Samkaria Ashwarya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAmitav Ghosh’s verse adaptation Jungle Nama: A Story of the Sundarban (2021) retells an environmentally conscious parable from the widely popular folk legend of Bon Bibi, the guardian spirit of the Sundarbans forest. Ghosh weaves a multimodal reiteration through his eco-poetic narration of a story written in verse for collective recitation, illuminated—not illustrated—by the painter Salman Toor, and adapted into a raag-based audio narration by the musician Ali Sethi. A collaborative spirit commingling text, image, rhythmicality, tactility, and, now, sound, Ghosh’s text is not only thematically environmental. The immersive experience of engaging with such a text and its ecological impetus also posits an environmental ethic premised upon relationality. Jungle Nama’s intervention in humanity’s interactions with the environment does not advocate environmental engagement based on the disembodied intellect in the reading of/for the world-as-planet. Instead, the text promulgates involved interaction through embodied cognition. Studying the performativity of Jungle Nama through eco-narratology and embodied multimodal iterations helps reveal the Bon Bibi myth’s ecocritical storyworld, its non-Western ontologies, and the agentic capacity of nonhumans. The chapter concludes with an analysis of Jungle Nama’s epistemological relevance as a literary intervention shaping a sustainable and equitable environmental consciousness in India.