bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisits after adenotonsillectomy in children with sleep‐disordered breathing: A retrospective single‐institution study
Authors: Chang I.‐S. , Kang K.‐T. , Tseng C.‐C. , Weng W.‐C. , Hsiao T.‐Y. , Lee P.‐L. , Hsu W.‐C. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate emergency room (ER) revisits and hospital readmissions following adenotonsillectomy (T&A) in children with sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB), and correlations between SDB severity and ER revisits.DesignRetrospective chart review study.SettingTertiary referral centre.Participant610 consecutive children underwent T&A for treating SDB.Main outcome measuresSleep‐disordered breathing severity was defined according to the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) (primary snoring = AHI < 1; mild = AHI 1‐5; moderate = AHI 5‐10; and severe = AHI > 10). Revisit and readmission patterns within 30 days of the surgery were extracted and analysed.ResultsOf these children (mean age = 7.2 years; males = 72%), 49 (8.0%) had first ER revisit, nine (1.5%) had second ER revisits, and one (0.2%) had third ER revisits. Reasons for ER revisits were bleeding related (46%) or non‐bleeding related (54%). The timing for revisits was 6.9±1.9 postoperative days for bleeding‐related revisits and 9.3±10.0 days for non‐bleeding‐related revisits. Treatment strategies during these revisits were treat and release in 44 children (74.6%), admission for observation in eight children (13.5%), and admission for surgery in seven children (11.9%). The incidence of ER revisit and hospital readmission was similar among children with all levels of SDB severity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that young children (<3 years) experienced an increased risk of non‐bleeding‐related revisits (odds ratio [OR] = 4.1).ConclusionsChildren with severe SDB do not experience increased risks of revisit or readmission; however, young children are at increased risk of non‐bleeding‐related revisits.
Evidence for silver in wound care – meta‐analysis of clinical studies from 2000–2015
Authors: Dissemond Joachim , Böttrich Johannes Georg , Braunwarth Horst , Hilt Jörg , Wilken Patricia , Münter Karl‐Christian 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundGiven that the scientific evidence for silver in wound care is generally considered insufficient, there is uncertainty among users regarding its clinical use.Material and methodsA group of experts evaluated the clinical studies on silver in wound management published from 2000–2015.ResultsOverall, 851 articles were identified, 173 of which were included and categorized. There were 31 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and eight cohort studies. Twenty‐eight of these studies showed statistically significant outcome parameters in support of silver. While nine of these studies investigated burn injuries, 20 addressed other indications (venous leg ulcers: 9; pressure ulcers: 3; chronic wounds: 2; diabetic foot ulcer: 1; other types of wounds: 5). In 16 studies, the primary parameter was wound healing, whereas quality of life including pain was assessed in twelve studies; cost‐effectiveness, in eight studies; reduction of bacterial load, in three studies. Based on these results, a treatment algorithm for the clinical use of silver in wound care has been developed.ConclusionsThe present meta‐analysis shows that the evidence base for silver in wound management is significantly better than perceived in the current scientific debate. Thus, if used selectively and for a limited period of time, silver not only has antimicrobial effects but is also characterized by an improvement in quality of life and good cost‐effectiveness.
Langzeitauswertung des Nutzens der digitalen Dermatoskopie an einem Referenzzentrum
Authors: Rinner Christoph , Tschandl Philipp , Sinz Christoph , Kittler Harald 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleWir untersuchten den Nutzen der sequentiellen digitalen Dermatoskopie für die Kontrolle von Patienten mit multiplen Nävi in einem spezialisierten Zentrum.Patienten und MethodikDas ist eine retrospektive Kohortenstudie mit 2 824 Patienten und 23 241 kontrollierten Läsionen, wobei für Schlüsselparameter, wie der Anzahl der kontrollierten und exzidierten Melanome und Nävi, eine Trendberechnung durchgeführt wurde.ErgebnisseIm Zuge der Kontrolluntersuchungen haben wir bei 709 Patienten 1 266 Läsionen exzidiert, darunter waren 146 (11,5 %) Melanome. Der Anteil der im Zuge der Kontrolle detektierten in‐situ‐Melanome war signifikant höher als bei der Erstuntersuchung. (46,6 % gegenüber 23,4 %; p ≤ 0,001). Bei Patienten mit einem Melanom bei der Erstuntersuchung war das Risiko, während der Nachsorge ein Melanom zu detektieren, höher als bei Patienten ohne Melanom (relatives Risiko: 3,59; 95 % CI: 2,15 bis 6,00). Die Zahl der dokumentierten Läsionen korrelierte positiv mit dem Verhältnis von gutartigen zu bösartigen excidierten Läsionen und die Exzisionen bei Erstuntersuchungen gingen während des Untersuchungszeitraums signifikant zurück.SchlussfolgerungenDie Überwachung mit digitaler Dermatoskopie verbessert die Detektion dünner Melanome bei Patienten mit multiplen Nävi. Patienten mit einem Melanom im Rahmen der Erstuntersuchung haben ein erhöhtes Risiko, während der Nachsorge ein Melanom zu entwickeln und sollten daher eine Zielgruppe für die sequentielle Dermatoskopie sein.
Diagnostische Präzision der komponentenbasierten vs. der extraktbasierten In‐vitro‐Diagnostik von Insektengift‐Allergien: Auswirkungen auf das klinische Management
Authors: Seyfarth Florian , Miguel Diana , Schliemann Sibylle , Hipler Uta‐Christina 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Bestimmung von spezifischen IgE‐Antikörpern spielt eine zentrale Bedeutung bei der Diagnostik von Bienen‐ und Wespengiftallergien. In den letzten Jahren wurden die komponentenbasierte Diagnostik (CRD) eingeführt, die die Bestimmung spezifischer IgE‐Antikörper gegen die Allergene Api m 1, Ves v 1, Ves v 5 und Pol d 5 sowie kreuzreaktive Kohlenhydratdeterminanten (CCDs) erlaubt. Hierdurch soll vor allem bei Probanden mit Doppelsensibilisierungen die klinische Relevanz der einzelnen Sensibilisierungen besser beurteilt werden können.Probanden und MethodikDie spezifischen IgE‐Antikörper‐Bestimmungen an 143 Probanden mit Bienen‐ und/oder Wespengiftallergie erfolgten mit den extraktbasierten ImmunoCAP®‐Allergenen i1 und i3 sowie den ImmunoCAP®‐Allergenkomponenten i208‐211 und o214 (Api m 1, Ves v 1, Ves v 5, Pol d 5, CCD). Bei Doppelsensibilisierten wurde zusätzlich ein Inhibitionstest durchgeführt. An einem Teilkollektiv der Studienpopulation erfolgten sIgE‐Bestimmungen gegen Api m 1, Api m 4, Pol d 5 und Ves v 5 mittels Allergiechip (ISAC®, n = 44).ErgebnisseDie Sensitivität von Ves v 5 bei isolierten Wespengiftallergikern betrug 78,5 %, gemeinsam mit Ves v 1 stieg diese auf 92,3 %. Die Sensitivität von Api m 1 bei isolierten Bienengiftallergikern betrug 25 %. Die komponentenbasierte Diagnostik und Inhibitionstests bei Doppelsensibilisierten lieferten divergente Ergebnisse. Die CRD mittels ISAC®‐Allergiechip erbrachte deutliche Unterschiede vor allem im Hinblick auf die Diagnostik von Api m 1 und CCDs.SchlussfolgerungenDie CRD bereichert das diagnostische Spektrum, sofern sie nicht allein sondern zusätzlich zu den etablierten Verfahren eingesetzt wird. Sie sollte neben Ves v 5 stets die Bestimmung der IgE‐Antikörper gegen Ves v 1 umfassen.
Die chronische venöse Insuffizienz – Eine Zusammenfassung der Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Santler Bettina , Goerge Tobias 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungDie chronische Venenerkrankung ist eine weit verbreitete Krankheit, die in späteren Stadien mit einer Vielzahl an Symptomen, aber auch Komplikationen wie dem Ulcus cruris, einhergeht. Dies wiederum hat weitreichende Auswirkungen auf die Lebensqualität der Patienten wie auch auf das Gesundheitssystem. Für die Diagnostik der chronischen Venenerkrankungen steht eine Auswahl an Verfahren zur Verfügung, wobei sich die farbkodierte Duplexsonographie als Goldstandard etabliert hat. Im Bereich der Therapie kam es in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu großen Fortschritten, sodass heute auch Alternativen zum klassischen Stripping durch die endoluminalen Verfahren zur Verfügung stehen. Die Wahl der Therapieoption ist jedoch weiterhin stark abhängig von mehreren Faktoren, unter anderem von den anatomischen Gegebenheiten und dem Krankheitsstadium. Im folgenden Artikel werden die Anatomie und Pathophysiologie, sowie die aktuellen Standards der Diagnostik und Therapie zusammengefasst.
Genomic insights into adaptive divergence and speciation among malaria vectors of theAnopheles niligroup
Authors: Fouet Caroline , Kamdem Colince , Gamez Stephanie , White Bradley J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOngoing speciation in the most important African malaria vectors gives rise to cryptic populations, which differ remarkably in their behavior, ecology, and capacity to vector malaria parasites. Understanding the population structure and the drivers of genetic differentiation among mosquitoes is crucial for effective disease control because heterogeneity within vector species contributes to variability in malaria cases and allow fractions of populations to escape control efforts. To examine population structure and the potential impacts of recent large‐scale control interventions, we have investigated the genomic patterns of differentiation in mosquitoes belonging to theAnopheles niligroup—a large taxonomic group that diverged ~3 Myr ago. Using 4,343 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we detected strong population structure characterized by high‐FSTvalues between multiple divergent populations adapted to different habitats within the Central African rainforest. Delineating the cryptic species within theAnopheles niligroup is challenging due to incongruence between morphology, ribosomal DNA, and SNP markers consistent with incomplete lineage sorting and/or interspecific gene flow. A very high proportion of loci are fixed (FST = 1) within the genome of putative species, which suggests that ecological and/or reproductive barriers are maintained by strong selection on a substantial number of genes.
Unilateral nephrolithiasis with renal rupture in a horse
Authors: Saetra T. , Breuhaus B. , Hildebran A. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryA 22‐year‐old Thoroughbred mare presented to North Carolina State University Large Animal Hospital for evaluation of acute colic. After initial work‐up, the mare was diagnosed and treated for presumed gas colic. She was subsequently further diagnosed and treated for gastric ulcers and mild sand accumulation in her large colon, based on gastroscopy and abdominal radiographs, respectively. The mare initially responded well to medical management of colic, but on Day 3 of hospitalisation, developed a low grade fever and signs of mild discomfort returned. Abdominocentesis at that time revealed an aseptic peritonitis and she was placed on antibiotics andNSAIDs. When no significant improvement was achieved, the mare was taken to surgery 2 days later. In surgery, she was diagnosed with nephrolithiasis of the left kidney that had erupted through the renal capsule and into the retroperitoneal space, as well as into the abdomen. Two nephroliths were found in the omentum. The mare was subjected to euthanasia due to a poor prognosis and submitted for necropsy, where 54 nephroliths were identified, associated with the left kidney. This report describes significant unilateral nephrolithiasis (to the point of renal rupture) in a horse with no azotaemia or other clinical signs of urinary tract disease.
Minor food sources can play a major role in secondary production in detritus‐based ecosystems
Authors: Crenier Clément , Arce‐Funck Julio , Bec Alexandre , Billoir Elise , Perrière Fanny , Leflaive Joséphine , Guérold François , Felten Vincent , Danger Michael 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

In many ecosystems, detritus is the dominant source of energy and the driver of ecosystem functioning. In particular, in forested headwater streams, allochthonous detritus (e.g. leaf litter, dead wood) constitute the main energy source for detritivores and living primary producers contribute marginally to ecosystem metabolism and energy flows.

We hypothesised that a low consumption of benthic diatoms, a high‐quality resource, could be of major importance for the growth of detritivores. In particular, these resources might represent an essential source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).

In a microcosm experiment, three food resources were manipulated: alder (Alnus glutinosa: Betulaceae) leaf litter, fungal mycelium and a common benthic diatom. They were offered to juveniles of Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea: Amphipoda) as food resources, either alone or in combination, with each resource type being enclosed in agarose pellets. Juveniles were fed for 5 weeks in controlled conditions. Survival, feeding and growth rates were monitored. The fatty acids content of food resources and gammarids were also quantified.

Our results showed that detritus alone permits survival, but not the significant growth of detritivores. The presence of diatoms in food resources was necessary to ensure a significantly positive mass growth of detritivores over the 5‐week experiment. More importantly, detritivores that did not receive algae in their food were generally unable to maintain their PUFA levels when compared to juveniles collected in the field.

Gut‐content analysis of field‐collected G. fossarum showed that low amounts of benthic algae were always visible, indicating that most individuals fed at least for a small part on benthic algae. These minor, but high quality, food sources might therefore be essential for ensuring the growth and survival of detritivores. Our results clearly highlight the need to consider the functional importance of such minor food sources.
Alterted SLIT2/ROBO1 signalling is linked to impaired placentation of missed and threatened miscarriage in early pregnancy
Authors: Li Ping , Shi Yuxun , Shuai Hanlin , Cai Yanzhen , Lu Wenhui , Wang Guang , Gao Lufen , Wang Lijing , Fan Xiujun , Yang Xuesong 
Published: May 2017

AimsTwo‐thirds of early pregnancy failures present with reduced trophoblast invasion, and SLIT2/ROBO1 signalling is considered to play an important role in trophoblast function during pregnancy. We investigated SLIT2/ROBO1 signalling associated with missed and threatened miscarriage during early gestation.Methods and resultsHuman placenta samples were collected from women with missed miscarriage (n = 25), threatened miscarriage (n = 22) and termination of pregnancy controls (n = 32). Corresponding decreases in beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐hCG) levels and shallow trophoblast invasion were observed in patients with missed and threatened miscarriage, immunohistological staining revealed abnormal Slit2 and Robo1, as well as E‐cadherin and activating protein‐2 alpha (AP‐2α) expression in villi and extravillous trophoblasts, and the expression of these proteins were confirmed in villi and decidua of miscarriage material by Western blotting. Using HTR8/SVneo cells, blocking SLIT2/ROBO1 signalling promoted cell migration, proliferation and suppressed differentiation. Moreover, blocking SLIT2/ROBO1 signalling in HTR8/SVneo cells altered trophoblast differentiation‐related and angiogenesis‐related gene mRNA expression, which also occurred in the tissues of missed and threatened miscarriage.ConclusionsSLIT2/ROBO1 signalling may regulate trophoblast differentiation and invasion causing restricting β‐hCG production, shallow trophoblast invasion and inhibiting placental angiogenesis in missed and threatened miscarriage during the first trimester.
What Drives Remittances from Saudi Arabia to Pakistan? Home Versus Host Country's Economic Conditions
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Waheed Abdul 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSaudi Arabia is the largest source country of remittances to Pakistan since the 1970s. This study examined the impact of home versus host country’s economic conditions on remittances from Saudi Arabia to Pakistan. The ARDL bounds testing is used on the annual data set from 1973 to 2014. The study concluded that economic growth in the host country and economic crises in the home country increase remittances. 1% decrease in domestic output increases remittances by 2.79% while 1% increase in sending country’s output growth increases remittances by 5.2% in the long‐run. The bilateral trade has a positive while financial deepening has a negative impact on inflows. The impact of oil shock is insignificant. We suggest cautious foreign policy as remittances depend significantly on the host country’s economic condition that is not directly under the control of the home country but remittances can be sustained with bilateral trade.
Stability of rare‐earth‐doped spherical yttria‐stabilized zirconia synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis
Authors: Nafsin Nazia , Li Hui , Leib Elisabeth W. , Vossmeyer Tobias , Stroeve Pieter , Castro Ricardo H. R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPhase stability is one of the crucial requirements for any material that can be used at elevated temperature applications such as thermal barrier coating (TBC). The most traditional TBC material, partially stabilized zirconia, limits the operating temperature due to its phase transformation. Conversely, the low thermal conductivity of fully stabilized zirconia (YSZ) may enable effective reduction in the surface temperature on the coated component, while avoiding deleterious phase transitions, although still being subjected to sintering and grain growth. It has been reported that addition of rare‐earths as dopants to YSZ can significantly increase resistance to grain growth at high temperature. Keeping this under consideration, this work investigates the role of rare‐earths (lanthanum and gadolinium) in increasing thermal stability of YSZ microspheres, the building blocks for high‐temperature photonics for reflective TBC. The spheres were produced by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, and the doping led to significant improvement of stability by significant inhibition of grain growth. While the individual dopants showed significant growth and sintering inhibition up to 900°C, co‐doping with 4% (in mol) of each (Gd and La) led to coarsening resistance up to 1000°C for 3 hours, when particles retained reasonable spherical features with nanometric crystallite sizes.
Substrate‐dependent risk stratification for implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapies using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: The importance of T1 mapping in nonischemic patients
Authors: Claridge Simon , Mennuni Silvia , Jackson Thomas , Behar Jonathan M. , Porter Bradley , Sieniewicz Benjamin , Bostock Julian , O'Neill Mark , Murgatroyd Francis , Gill Jaswinder , Carr‐White Gerald , Chiribiri Amedeo , Razavi Reza , Chen Zhong , Rinaldi Christopher Aldo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe role of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in nonischemic cardiomyopathy is unclear and better risk‐stratification is required. We sought to determine if T1 mapping predicts appropriate defibrillator therapy in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. We studied a mixed cohort of ischemic and nonischemic patients to determine whether different cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) applications (T1 mapping, late gadolinium enhancement, and Grayzone) were selectively predictive of therapies for the different arrhythmic substrates.Methods and resultsWe undertook a prospective longitudinal study of consecutive patients receiving defibrillators in a tertiary cardiac center. Participants underwent CMR myocardial tissue characterization using T1 mapping and conventional CMR scar assessment before device implantation. QRS duration and fragmentation on the surface electrocardiogram were also assessed. The primary endpoint was appropriate defibrillator therapy. One‐hundred thirty patients were followed up for a median of 31 months (IQR ± 9 months). In nonischemic patients, T1_native was the sole predictor of the primary endpoint (hazard ratio [HR] 1.12 per 10 millisecond increment in value [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.21; P ≤ 0.01]). In ischemic patients, Grayzone_2SD‐3SD was the strongest predictor of appropriate therapy (HR 1.34 per 1% left ventricular increment in value [95% CI 1.03–1.76; P = 0.03]). QRS fragmentation correlated well with myocardial scar core (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve [ROC AUC] 0.64; P = 0.02) but poorly with T1_native (ROC AUC 0.4) and did not predict appropriate therapy.ConclusionsIn the medium–long term, T1_native mapping was the only independent predictor of therapy in nonischemic patients, whereas Grayzone was a better predictor in ischemic patients. These findings suggest a potential role for T1_native mapping in the selection of patients for ICDs in a nonischemic population.
First description of a double‐wall balloon breach during cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Suarez Keith , Banchs Javier E. , Lim Hae W. , Black James N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBalloon breach during cryoablationTo date, this is the first published report of a double‐wall breach while using the cryoballoon ablation catheter during the treatment of a patient with atrial fibrillation; however, there have been previous balloon breaches in both the second and third‐generation cryoballoon ablation catheter usage. In this report, we describe the case of a double‐wall balloon breach and the intraoperative care that was necessary to stabilize the patient. Additionally, we review other known cases of double‐wall balloon breaches, and we examine the safety systems of the cryoballoon catheter that mitigate some of the potential patient complications.
The aggravation of arthritis by periodontitis is dependent of IL‐17 receptor A activation
Authors: de Aquino Sabrina G. , Talbot Jhimmy , Sônego Fabiane , Turato Walter M. , Grespan Renata , Avila‐Campos Mario J. , Cunha Fernando Q. , Cirelli Joni A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether Porphyromonas gingivalis‐induced periodontitis aggravates the antigen‐induced arthritis (AIA) model, and whether this effect is dependent on the Th17/IL‐17 signalling pathway.Materials and methodsAntigen‐induced arthritis was triggered by local injection of methylated bovine serum albumin into the knee joint of previously immunized C57BL/6 wild‐type (WT) and IL‐17 receptor A (IL‐17RA)‐knockout mice. Periodontal disease in naïve or arthritic mice was induced by oral infection with P. gingivalis. Animals were sacrificed 7, 15 and 30 days after infection. Alveolar bone loss, joint histopathology, articular hyperalgesia and joint cytokine production were assessed, in addition to the proportion of Th17 and Treg cells isolated from the inguinal lymph nodes.ResultsNo influence of experimentally‐induced arthritis was found on the alveolar bone resorption induced by P. gingivalis. However, mice with experimentally‐induced arthritis that were exposed to P. gingivalis presented higher joint damage and Th17 frequencies when compared to non‐infected mice. The aggravation of arthritis by periodontitis was accompanied by increased TNF and IL‐17 production and articular neutrophil infiltration, whereas arthritis aggravation and changes in neutrophil infiltration were absent in IL‐17RA‐deficient mice.ConclusionThe effects of P. gingivalis‐induced periodontitis on arthritis are dependent on Th17 expansion and IL‐17RA signalling, which lead to increased neutrophil infiltration into the joints.