bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ammonia Volatilization from Broadcast Urea and Alternative Dry Nitrogen Fertilizers
Authors: Del Moro Sarah K. , Sullivan Dan M. , Horneck Donald A. 
Published: December 2017

Core Ideas
Volatile NH3 loss in the field was quantified via the modified passive flux method.
Urease inhibitor (NBPT) or S‐coated urea reduced N loss by 39 to 53% versus urea.
Urea plus ammonium sulfate (Urea‐AS) reduced N loss by 19 to 28% versus urea.
A companion laboratory trial found the same relative efficacy among fertilizers.
Substantial ammonia (NH3) loss can occur when urea is broadcast without incorporation. Choosing an alternate fertilizer (instead of urea) is one option when incorporation of urea by tillage or sprinkler irrigation is not feasible. This research evaluated alternative N fertilizer products (vs. urea) using the modified passive flux method. Fertilizers were broadcast (168 kg N ha–1) on an Irrigon fine sandy loam soil (mesic Xeric Haplocambid), and not incorporated. Light showers (7 mm in 14 d after application) triggered NH3 loss. After 34 d, ammonia‐N loss was 14 to 17% of N applied as ammonium sulfate (AS) or ASN (fused granule of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate), 22% as S‐coated urea (SCU), 28% as urea + urease inhibitor NBPT [N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide], and 33 to 37% as blended or fused urea‐AS fertilizers (79:21 urea/ammonium sulfate, w/w) vs. 46% as urea. A companion 44‐d laboratory study (16°C) demonstrated a similar ranking of fertilizer efficacy. We conclude that fusing AS with urea in a granule (instead of blending) did not reduce NH3 loss. Partial substitution of AN for AS in a fused granule (ASN) did not provide additional benefit in reducing NH3 loss vs. AS alone. Treated urea products (SCU and urea + NBPT) had greatest efficacy in reducing NH3 loss during the first 10 d after application, with reduced efficacy thereafter, likely due to the degradation of the coating (SCU) or the urease inhibitor NBPT.
Quantifying the Binding and Bonding Effects of Plant Roots on Soil Detachment by Overland Flow in 10 Typical Grasslands on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Wang Bing , Zhang Guang-Hui 
Published: December 2017

Core Ideas
Plant root reduced soil detachment by 54%, of which 41% was by root binding effect.
Fibrous root was 1.6 times greater than tap root in reducing the soil detachment.
Correction coefficients of 10 typical herbs were presented for the WEPP model.
Plant roots penetrating the soil may enhance soil resistance and protect the topsoil against scouring by overland flow, but their mechanisms are not fully understood. This study was performed to quantify the binding and bonding effects of plant root systems on the process of soil detachment by overland flow. Ten typical dominant species of herbage representing two different root architectures on the Loess Plateau were selected, and 900 soil samples were collected from these grasslands for detachment capacity measurements under different flow shear stresses. The results showed that the existence of plant root systems greatly reduced the soil detachment capacity by 53.6%, of which 41.4 and 12.2% were attributed to the root binding and bonding effects, respectively. The contribution rate of the binding and bonding effects depended on plant root architecture (i.e., the tap and fibrous roots). For tap root, the average contribution of the plant root for protecting soil from detachment was 41.6%, of which 33.2 and 8.4% were induced by the root binding and bonding effects. For fibrous root, the mean contribution of plant root was 65.7%, of which 49.7 and 16.0% were attributed to the root binding and bonding effects, respectively. Series correction coefficients that took into consideration the root binding and bonding effects of 10 typical dominant plants for their rill erodibility in the Water Erosion Prediction Project model on the Loess Plateau; the result was satisfactory with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients that ranged from 0.48 to 0.58.
Virtual reality in urban water management: communicating urban flooding with particle-based CFD simulations
Authors: Winkler Daniel , Zischg Jonatan , Rauch Wolfgang 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
For communicating urban flood risk to authorities and the public, a realistic three-dimensional visual display is frequently more suitable than detailed flood maps. Virtual reality could also serve to plan short-term flooding interventions. We introduce here an alternative approach for simulating three-dimensional flooding dynamics in large- and small-scale urban scenes by reaching out to computer graphics. This approach, denoted ‘particle in cell’, is a particle-based CFD method that is used to predict physically plausible results instead of accurate flow dynamics. We exemplify the approach for the real flooding event in July 2016 in Innsbruck.
Por entre as brechas dos muros da universidade: O circo como componente curricular na formação inicial em Educação Física
Authors: Miranda Rita De Cassia Fernandes , Ayoub Eliana 
Published: December 2017

Esta pesquisa descritiva analisa os desdobramentos da implementação curricular do circo como componente curricular na formação inicial em Educação Física em duas instituições de ensino superior do Estado de São Paulo/Brasil. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas narrativas com docentes, gestores e alunos, totalizando 13 participantes. Concebendo o currículo como território de disputas e relações de poder, identificou-se que a intensa participação dos docentes e discentes nas ações de ensino, pesquisa e extensão tem conferido visibilidade ao circo para a produção de novos conhecimentos. Destaca-se também o relevante papel assumido pelos grupos de estudo e pesquisa atuantes nestas instituições, fomentando que muitos alunos egressos, hoje professores, incorporassem esses conhecimentos na escola básica, em projetos sociais, entre outros contextos de atuação profissional, alguns deles compondo, inclusive, grupos com enfoque artístico. Todavia, os exemplos investigados parecem não constituir maioria na realidade nacional, algo que pode vir a ser mapeado por outras investigações.Palavras-chave: Currículo; Ensino Superior; Educação Física; Circo ABSTRACTThis descriptive research examines the ramifications of curriculum implementation of the circus as a component in the initial training in Physical Education in institutions of higher education of the State of São Paulo/Brazil. Narrative interviews to teachers, administrators and students were made to a total of 13 participants. Viewing the curriculum as a territory of disputes and power relations, the intense participation of teachers and students in teaching, research and extension has given visibility to the circus in the production of new knowledge. The study highlights the important role assumed by study and research groups that are active in these institutions, encouraging many students graduating today, as well as teachers, to incorporate this knowledge in elementary school, in social projects, among other professional contexts, some of them including groups with an artistic focus. However, the examples investigated do not constitute a majority of the Brazilian national reality, something that could be mapped by other investigations.Keywords: Curriculum; Higher Education; Physical Education; Circus
Representações das crianças sobre o brincar na escola
Authors: Palma Míriam Stock 
Published: December 2017

O objetivo desta investigação foi compreender as representações das crianças sobre o brincar em diferentes espaços escolares, nomeadamente no recreio, na sala de aula e na aula de Educação Física. A partir da análise das entrevistas realizadas a 106 crianças, entre os 5 e os 12 anos de idade, numa escola da rede pública de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, verificou-se que as brincadeiras prediletas são as que implicam movimento e ocorrem, em grupo, no espaço de recreio da escola. As crianças que frequentam o Jardim de Infância afirmam que brincam em sala de aula, enquanto as que frequentam o Ensino Fundamental declaram não brincar ou brincar pouco nesse espaço. Nas aulas de Educação Física elas realizam brincadeiras diversificadas, muitas das quais coincidem com as suas preferidas. Palavras-chave: Infância; Brincadeiras; Educação ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to understand children’s representations about playing in different spaces at school, namely in the playground, in the classroom and in Physical Education class. From the analysis of the interviews with 106 children, aged between 5-12, who attended a public school in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, we verified that their favorite games were those which demanded body movement and were played in big groups during recess in the playground. Kindergarden children stated that they play in their classrooms, while Elementary School children said they don’t play or play very little in their classrooms. Children play diverse games in Physical Education classes, many of which coincide with their favorite ones. Keywords: Childhood; Play; Education
CAN BANKING UNION HELP THE VIABILITY OF EUROZONE BANKING SECTOR? SOME PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: Popović Svetlana , Janković Irena 
Published: December 2017

Although financial integration and convergence of EMU member countries reached a high level, the financial crisis, that has developed into a banking and debt crisis, has caused an intense process of fragmentation of financial markets along national borders. This significantly complicated the implementation of the single monetary policy and disrupted the monetary transmission mechanism. Furthermore, in EMU, the crisis was much more intense than in other economies, and was rapidly transmitted among Member States. Besides, the contagion spread quickly from banks to sovereigns and vice versa, creating a “vicious loop” between banks and national finances.This paper attempts to show that adequate, strong and politically independent supranational bank regulation and resolution is necessary for the viability of banking sector, but also the economies in European monetary union. It should restore the market confidence and harmonize the rules of the game in the single financial market. Although the project is on its very beginning, there are some first encouraging results.
STRUCTURAL REFORMS OF THE BANKING SECTOR - REGULATORY APPROACHES AND IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Radojičić Jelena , Krstić Borko 
Published: December 2017

This paper analyzes alternative regulatory approaches for structural reforms of the banking sector, triggered by the global financial crisis. The structural bank regulation measures proposed or adopted in several jurisdictions are based on the Volcker Rule in the United States, Vickers Commission's proposals in the United Kingdom and Liikanen Report in the EU. Despite the different approaches by legislaturess, structural reforms have the same goal – a more resilient financial system. Their common element is to draw a line between commercial banking and certain investment banking activities,, whose combination is seen as a source of systemic risk. Structural reforms are designed to reduce the implicit government guarantees and moral hazard of banks.
КОГОРТНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ. ЗВ’ЯЗОК МІЖ ЗАХВОРЮВАНІСТЮ НА ГОСТРИЙ АПЕНДИЦИТ І ДЕМОГРАФІЧНИМ СПАДОМ
Authors: Duzhyi І. D. , Dubnytskyi V. Yu. , Duzhyi V. І. , Babych V. О. , Gresko І. Ya. , Gorbasyov V. V. , Sereda N. І. , Shumko V. V. , Kharchenko S. V. 
Published: December 2017

Вступ. Гострий апендицит (ГА) є найбільш поширеним хірургічним захворюванням. Деталізація загальної захворюваності, залежно від адміністративно-територіального поділу України та демографічної складової, є актуальним завданням для організації кваліфікованої медичної допомоги.
Мета дослідження. Порівняння захворюваності на ГА населення двох районів України з огляду на демографічний спад та щомісячну статистику.
Матеріали і методи. У дослідження включені хворі, оперовані з приводу ГА з 2012 по 2016 р. Проведено вибірку населення за даними Державної статистичної служби України.
Результати. Достовірно значущий кореляційний зв’язок між кількістю населення та захворюваністю на ГА не встановлений (r = 0,15, p > 0,05). З статистичною вірогідністю у Глухівському районі можливо очікувати коливання захворюваності від 2 до 2,7 на 10 000 населення (р < 0,05), в Охтирському районі – удвічі більше - від 4,4 до 5,5 на 10 000 населення (р < 0,05).
Висновки. Незважаючи на зменшення кількості населення в досліджуваних місцевостях України, захворюваність не пов’язана з цим спадом, що потребує організаційної готовності хірургічної служби. Виявлений епідеміологічний контраст в різних місцевостях дає привід для подальшого дослідження й аналізу.
ТАКТИКА ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ ПО ПОВОДУ МНОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ГРЫЖ МЕЖПОЗВОНКОВЫХ ДИСКОВ ШЕЙНОГО ОТДЕЛА ПОЗВОНОЧНИКА
Authors: Pedachenko Е. G. , Khyzhnyak М. V. , Pedachenko Yu. Е. , Таnasiychuk А. F. , Кramarenko V. А. , Furman А. N. 
Published: December 2017

Цель исследования. Улучшение результатов хирургического лечения больных по поводу множественных грыж межпозвонковых дисков (МПД) шейного отдела позвоночника.
Материалы и методы. Проанализированы результаты хирургического лечения 65 пациентов, в том числе 27 (41,5%) женщин, 38 (58,5%) мужчин, в возрасте в среднем (50 ± 0,56) года, продолжительность заболевания в основном 1 - 3 года.
Результаты. Все пациенты активизированы в ближайшие 24 ч после оперативного вмешательства. Осложнений, рецидива болевого синдрома, прогрессирования неврологических симптомов после операции не отмечали.
Обсуждение. Полученные положительные результаты свидетельствуют об эффективности примененных методов хирургического лечения.
Выводы.
1. Стандартная микродискэктомия с применением переднего доступа в сочетании с пункционной лазерной микродискэктомией (ПЛМ) либо фенестрацией, выполненная у больных по поводу множественных грыж МПД шейного отдела позвоночника, позволяет:

устранить дискогенную компрессию;
минимизировать хирургическую травму;
уменьшить продолжительность реабилитации после операции.

2. Сочетанное применение методов хирургического лечения позволило предупредить дальнейшее грыжеобразование на измененном смежном уровне позвоночно-двигательного сегмента.
Maximum Entropy Approach in Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Farsani Zahra , Schmid Volker 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackground: In the estimation of physiological kinetic parameters from Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) data, the determination of the arterial input function (AIF) plays a key role.Objectives: This paper proposes a Bayesian method to estimate the physiological parameters of DCE-MRI along with the AIF in situations, where no measurement of the AIF is available.Methods: In the proposed algorithm, the maximum entropy method (MEM) is combined with the maximum a posterior approach (MAP). To this end, MEM is used to specify a prior probability distribution of the unknown AIF. The ability of this method to estimate the AIF is validated using the Kullback-Leibler divergence. Subsequently, the kinetic parameters can be estimated with MAP. The proposed algorithm is evaluated with a data set from a breast cancer MRI study.Results: The application shows that the AIF can reliably be determined from the DCE-MRI data using MEM. Kinetic parameters can be estimated subsequently.Conclusions: The maximum entropy method is a powerful tool to reconstructing images from many types of data. This method is useful for generating the probability distribution based on given information. The proposed method gives an alternative way to assess the input function from the existing data. The proposed method allows a good fit of the data and therefore a better estimation of the kinetic parameters. In the end, this allows for a more reliable use of DCE-MRI.
Regioselective decarboxylative addition of malonic acid and its mono(thio)esters to 4-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Melnykov Sergii V , Pataman Andrii S , Dmytriv Yurii V , Shishkina Svitlana V , Vovk Mykhailo V , Sukach Volodymyr A 
Published: December 2017

Background: Due to the high reactivity towards various C-nucleophiles, trifluoromethylketimines are known to be useful reagents for the synthesis of α-trifluoromethylated amine derivatives. However, decarboxylative reactions with malonic acid and its mono(thio)esters have been poorly investigated so far despite the potential to become a convenient route to β-trifluoromethyl-β-amino acid derivatives and to their partially saturated heterocyclic analogues.Results: In this paper we show that 4-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-2(1H)-ones, unique heterocyclic ketimines, react with malonic acid under organic base catalysis to regioselectively provide either Michael- or Mannich-type decarboxylative addition products depending on solvent polarity. Malonic mono(thio)esters give exclusively Michael-type products. The two regioisomeric products can be converted into saturated (2-oxohexahydropyrimidin-4-yl)acetic acid derivatives by mild hydrogenation of the endocyclic C=C double bond in the presence of Pd/C as catalyst. The cis-stereoisomers selectively formed upon reduction of the Michael-type products were structurally determined by X-ray diffraction. As a result of this study, a number of novel acetic acid derivatives containing trifluoromethylated, partially or fully saturated 2-oxopyrimidine cores were prepared and characterized as promising building blocks.Conclusions: Regio- and stereoselective protocols have been developed for the synthesis of novel isomeric 4(6)-trifluoromethylated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- and perhydro-(2-oxopyrimidin-4-yl)acetic acid derivatives.
Active Correction of Aperture Discontinuities-Optimized Stroke Minimization. II. Optimization for Future Missions
Authors: Mazoyer J. , Pueyo L. , N’Diaye M. , Fogarty K. , Zimmerman N. , Soummer R. , Shaklan S. , Norman C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
High-contrast imaging and spectroscopy provide unique constraints for exoplanet formation models as well as for planetary atmosphere models. Instrumentation techniques in this field have greatly improved over the last two decades, with the development of stellar coronagraphy, in parallel with specific methods of wavefront sensing and control. Next generation space- and ground-based telescopes will enable the characterization of cold solar-system-like planets for the first time and maybe even in situ detection of bio-markers. However, the growth of primary mirror diameters, necessary for these detections, comes with an increase of their complexity (segmentation, secondary mirror features). These discontinuities in the aperture can greatly limit the performance of coronagraphic instruments. In this context, we introduced a new technique, Active Correction of Aperture Discontinuities-Optimized Stroke Minimization (ACAD-OSM), to correct for the diffractive effects of aperture discontinuities in the final image plane of a coronagraph, using deformable mirrors. In this paper, we present several tools that can be used to optimize the performance of this technique for its application to future large missions. In particular, we analyzed the influence of the deformable setup (size and separating distance) and found that there is an optimal point for this setup, optimizing the performance of the instrument in contrast and throughput while minimizing the strokes applied to the deformable mirrors. These results will help us design future coronagraphic instruments to obtain the best performance.
Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT). VI. A Three-planet System in the Hyades Cluster Including an Earth-sized Planet
Authors: Mann Andrew W. , Vanderburg Andrew , Rizzuto Aaron C. , Kraus Adam L. , Berlind Perry , Bieryla Allyson , Calkins Michael L. , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Latham David W. , Mace Gregory N. , Morris Nathan R. , Quinn Samuel N. , Sokal Kimberly R. , Stefanik Robert P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Planets in young clusters are powerful probes of the evolution of planetary systems. Here we report the discovery of three planets transiting EPIC 247589423, a late-K dwarf in the Hyades (≃800 Myr) cluster, and robust detection limits for additional planets in the system. The planets were identified from their K2 light curves as part of our survey of young clusters and star-forming regions. The smallest planet has a radius comparable to Earth (

), making it one of the few Earth-sized planets with a known, young age. The two larger planets are likely a mini-Neptune and a super-Earth, with radii of

and

, respectively. The predicted radial velocity signals from these planets are between 0.4 and 2 m s−1, achievable with modern precision RV spectrographs. Because the target star is bright (V = 11.2) and has relatively low-amplitude stellar variability for a young star (2–6 mmag), EPIC 247589423 hosts the best known planets in a young open cluster for precise radial velocity follow-up, enabling a robust test of earlier claims that young planets are less dense than their older counterparts.
The OmegaWhite Survey for Short-period Variable Stars. V. Discovery of an Ultracompact Hot Subdwarf Binary with a Compact Companion in a 44-minute Orbit
Authors: Kupfer T. , Ramsay G. , Roestel J. van , Brooks J. , MacFarlane S. A. , Toma R. , Groot P. J. , Woudt P. A. , Bildsten L. , Marsh T. R. , Green M. J. , Breedt E. , Kilkenny D. , Freudenthal J. , Geier S. , Heber U. , Bagnulo S. , Blagorodnova N. , Buckley D. A. H. , Dhillon V. S. , Kulkarni S. R. , Lunnan R. , Prince T. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We report the discovery of the ultracompact hot subdwarf (sdOB) binary OW J074106.0–294811.0 with an orbital period of

minutes, making it the most compact hot subdwarf binary known. Spectroscopic observations using the VLT, Gemini and Keck telescopes revealed a He-sdOB primary with an intermediate helium abundance,

=

K and

= 5.74 ± 0.09. High signal-to-noise ratio light curves show strong ellipsoidal modulation resulting in a derived sdOB mass

with a WD companion (

). The mass ratio was found to be

. The derived mass for the He-sdOB is inconsistent with the canonical mass for hot subdwarfs of

. To put constraints on the structure and evolutionary history of the sdOB star we compared the derived

,

, and sdOB mass to evolutionary tracks of helium stars and helium white dwarfs calculated with Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA). We find that the best-fitting model is a helium white dwarf with a mass of 0.320

, which left the common envelope

ago, which is consistent with the observations. As a helium white dwarf with a massive white dwarf companion, the object will reach contact in 17.6 Myr at an orbital period of 5 minutes. Depending on the spin–orbit synchronization timescale the object will either merge to form an R CrB star or end up as a stably accreting AM CVn-type system with a helium white dwarf donor.