bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioseparation of α‐Hydroxyallylphosphonates and Phosphonoallylic Carbonate Derivatives on Chiral Stationary Phases Using Sequential UV, Polarimetric, and Refractive Index Detection
Authors: Hamper Bruce C. , Mannino Michael P. , Mueller Melissa E. , Harrison Liam T. , Spilling Christopher D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractChromatographic separation of the enantiomers of parent compounds dimethyl α‐hydroxyallyl phosphonate 1a and 1‐(dimethoxyphosphoryl) allyl methyl carbonate 1b was demonstrated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using Chiralpak AS‐H and ad‐H chiral stationary phases (CSP), respectively, using a combination of UV, polarimetric, and refractive index detectors. A comparison was made of the separation efficiency and elution order of enantiomeric α‐hydroxyallyl phosphonates and their carbonate derivatives on commercially available polysaccharide AS, ad, OD, IC‐3, and Whelk‐O 1 CSPs. In general, the α‐hydroxyallyl phosphonates were resolved on the AS‐H CSP, whereas the carbonate derivatives 1b and 2b were preferentially resolved on the ad‐H CSP. The impact of aryl substitution on the resolution of analytes 1d, 1e, 1f and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 was evaluated. Thermodynamic parameters determined for enantioselective adsorption hydroxyphosphonates 1a and 4 on the AS‐H CSP and carbonate 1b on the ad‐H CSP demonstrated enthalpic control for separation of the enantiomers. Chirality 28:656–662, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermodynamics of Multicomponent Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Antos Dorota , Piątkowski Wojciech 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThermodynamic models of multicomponent adsorption in liquid chromatography are summarized and reviewed. A general description of adsorption equilibrium is presented, which is followed by simplified approaches that can be adopted for practical applications. Synergistic and competitive adsorption effects accompanying chromatographic elution are illustrated and methods of their predictions are indicated. The influence of a mobile phase modifier on the retention behavior of chromatographed species is discussed. A manner of mathematical predictions of competitive adsorption of modifiers and solutes is presented. Also in this case the analysis starts with a thermodynamically grounded general description and ends with simplified models suitable for practical purposes of design and optimization of chromatographic separations.
Impact of Thermo‐Physical Data on the Modeling of High‐Pressure Polymerizations
Authors: Pflug Kristina Maria , Busch Markus 
Published: August 2016

AbstractModeling the high‐pressure polymerization of ethene is of vital importance in order to avoid costly high‐pressure experiments when it comes to process optimization and product design. However, closing the heat balance when modeling high‐pressure tubular reactors with a counter‐current jacket cooling is still difficult. In this contribution the influence of thermo‐physical properties – namely viscosity and heat capacity – on the simulation results was investigated. Various literature sources were evaluated and a variety of simulations were conducted, showing that both properties influence the resulting temperature profiles and conversions visibly, while the molecular weight distribution was not affected. Uncertainties of the heat capacity of 5 % could be compensated by varying initiator efficiency and fouling layer thickness within physically reasonable boundaries.
A novel fast dynamic optimization approach for complex multivariable chemical process systems
Authors: Liu Ping , Li Guodong , Liu Xinggao , Zhang Zeyin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA novel fast dynamic optimization approach is proposed for complex multivariable chemical process systems, where the control variables are parameterized with different non‐uniform time grids and are treated as optimal decision variables to obtain the optimal switching structures for tackling the shortcoming caused by the conventional uniform parameterization method. Meanwhile, an adaptive fast calculation approach is proposed to calculate the differential equations so as to decrease the optimization time. The gradient formulae of decision variables are therefore further derived so that the conventional gradient‐based optimization algorithm can be utilized easily. Two well‐known complex multivariable systems in engineering are tested as illustrations and are compared with other literature reports in detail, where the uniform discretization control vector parameterization (ud‐CVP) method is also developed as the comparative base. Numerical results show that the proposed method can achieve better optimization results with fewer parameters and lower computation costs.
Laboratory Cultivation and Maintenance of Borrelia miyamotoi
Authors: Stone Brandee L. , Brissette Catherine A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBorrelia miyamotoi is a relapsing fever tick‐borne pathogen found in Ixodes spp. (hard) ticks. In vitro culturing has proven difficult despite initial reports of cultures maintained in Barbour‐Stoenner‐Kelly‐II (BSK‐II) medium. The ability to culture in vitro opens many avenues for investigating the genetics and physiology of bacterial species. This unit describes methods for the maintenance and cultivation of B. miyamotoi in liquid medium. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Natural Vaccinia Virus Infection: Diagnosis, Isolation, and Characterization
Authors: Geessien Kroon Erna , Santos Abrahão Jônatas , de Souza Trindade Giliane , Pereira Oliveira Graziele , Moreira Franco Luiz Ana Paula , Barbosa Costa Galileu , Teixeira Lima Mauricio , Silva Calixto Rafael , de Oliveira Danilo Bretas , Drumond Betânia Paiva 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNatural infections of Vaccinia virus (VACV)—the prototype species of the Orthopoxvirus genus, from the family Poxviridae and subfamily Chordopoxvirinae—cause an occupational emergent zoonotic disease that is primarily associated with the handling of infected dairy cattle. In humans, VACV infection is characterized by skin lesions, primarily on the hands, and accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, myalgia, headache, and lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis of VACV is usually performed according to the methods described for other orthopoxviruses. This unit describes the methods utilized to obtain clinical samples, the serological and molecular techniques used for diagnosis, and the isolation methods and techniques used for molecular and biological characterization of the viruses. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Model for Merging Sections in Transportation Systems and Its Analysis
Authors: HOSHINO TAKAHIRO , TIAN CHUAN , KOMURO TAKAFUMI , TSUBOI KAZUHIRO , HAMAMATSU YOSHIO 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a model for merging sections in transportation systems and then analyzes traffic flow under this model. For this analysis, vehicles are represented by an idealized model based on a Markov chain model. Vehicles arrive at the merging section randomly in either of two inflow lines. When a vehicle arrives at the merging section, if no vehicle is present in the other line, then the vehicle must wait in order to connect with another vehicle on the other line before entering. In this merging section model, the queue length is restricted according to the travel time from the origin to destination. The mean queue length and mean queuing delay at the two inflow lines are explicitly derived here. The relation between the maximum queue length and the behavior of traffic is examined, and the obtained results clarify some characteristics of the proposed model.
Noninvasive and Continuous Hematocrit Measurement by Optical Method without Calibration
Authors: EKUNI SHOTA , SANKAI YOSHIYUKI 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYHematocrit monitoring in an extracorporeal circulation apparatus is required for detection of adverse events such as hypotension and bleeding. Nevertheless, we have researched noninvasive and continuous hematocrit measurements using optical methods, it remains a challenge to measure absolute levels of hematocrit without calibration. The purpose of this study is to develop an optical hematocrit measurement method without calibration, and to confirm the effectiveness in in vitro blood experiments. We have developed an improvement method for dual wavelength and detector model by maximizing the difference of optical path lengths. Based on the proposed method, a measurement system has been developed. In the basic blood experiment, the correlation of hematocrit and calculated values by the proposed method has been confirmed. Then, we have conducted hematocrit measurement experiments with attachment errors and change of blood flow. The data indicate that the accuracy of the proposed method without calibration has been equivalent to that of an invasive method, which is employed in clinical practice. In conclusion, we have confirmed that the proposed method is effective for noninvasive and continuous hematocrit measurements.
Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm with Principal Component Analysis
Authors: MORI DAISUKE , YAMAGUCHI SATOSHI 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYThis paper proposes novel artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithms for solving problems including interdependence among variables. ABC algorithms are one method of solving multivariable real number space optimization problems, in which the search space is a set of vectors constructed of variables. The main search process in the ordinary ABC algorithm creates a new solution vector by changing only one variable of the current solution vector. Therefore, the new solution vector is created along only one coordinate axis. This procedure, however, is not appropriate for solving problems including interdependence among variables. For such problems, a method that is able to change more than one variable of a solution vector at the same time is required. In our proposed methods, the original coordinate axes are transformed to linearly uncorrelated axes by using principal component analysis (PCA) in the searching process. Our ABC algorithms create a new solution vector along one of the axes transformed by PCA. Hence, from the viewpoint of the original coordinate axes, the new algorithms are able to change more than one variable. The proposed algorithms have been compared with the ordinary ABC algorithm by solving five benchmark problems. Through the computer simulation results, our algorithms were shown to have better performance for solving problems including interdependence among variables than the ordinary ABC algorithm.
Automatic Generation of Imaging Sequence for CD‐SEM Using Design Data
Authors: MIYAMOTO ATSUSHI , MATSUOKA RYOICHI 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYCritical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD‐SEM) is widely used as a measurement tool of semiconductor patterns. It is necessary to set imaging sequence including corrections of imaging position and focusing of electron beam for the reliable measurement. Conventionally, addressing point (AP) and autofocus point (AF) suitable for these processing are selected by the hand and this is a drop factor of SEM operation rates. We propose a technique to generate imaging sequence from design data of the pattern layout. Proposed method calculates selection indices for pattern complexity, uniqueness, and so on from design data and selects AP and AF templates automatically based on these indices. For 901 evaluation points, success rate of SEM imaging by proposed method was 100% and generation time of imaging sequence was 18 minutes. Compared with manual selection (conventionally, it takes 10 several hours by using SEM), large reduction of operation cost can be realized.
Fundamental Study on a Mechanism of Faulty Outputs from Cryptographic Modules Due to IEMI
Authors: HAYASHI YU‐ICHI , HOMMA NAOFUMI , MIZUKI TAKAAKI , AOKI TAKAFUMI , SONE HIDEAKI 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the mechanism underlying faulty outputs from cryptographic modules due to intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI), which causes information leakage in electronic devices without disrupting their functions or damaging their components. We show this fault mechanism through experiments using the faulty ciphertexts and pulse injection to a specific round in the encryption process. The experimental results indicate that faulty outputs from cryptographic modules are caused by setup time violation in the cryptographic module.
Fabrication and Investigation of Carbon Nanotube Transistor by the Dip Coat Method
Authors: ICHIKAWA KAZUNORI , MATSUBARA AKIRA , SUDA YOSHIYUKI 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYWe have proposed a convenient fabrication technique for a carbon nanotubes (CNTs) transistor. The dip coat method using a metallic solution was employed to deposit metal catalysts of CNTs on the source and drain electrodes on a SiO2‐coated Si substrate at a low temperature. This method does not require a vacuum system or a long process time. After fabricating the CNTs using chemical vapor deposition, we evaluated the morphology of the CNTs using scanning electron microscopy and their electrical properties as a CNT field effect transistor (FET). The CNTs formed bridges between the source and drain electrodes. The field effect mobility of the CNT‐FET was measured to be 3000 cm2/Vs based on the transfer curve. On the basis of the electrical properties, a CNT‐FET with high field effect mobility can be obtained.
Local Evolution of pH with Time Determined by Shear Force‐based Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: Surface Reactivity of Anodized Aluminium
Authors: Etienne Mathieu , Rocca Emmanuel , Chahboun Najat , Veys‐Renaux Delphine 
Published: August 2016

AbstractShear force‐based scanning electrochemical microscopy is applied for pH monitoring during a sealing reaction at the interface between anodized 7175 aluminium alloy and a solution containing Cr(III) and Zr(IV) species. pH measurement is carried out with the electrode positioned near enough to the surface to be in the diffusion zone of the liquid/solid interface, in the reach of the surface‐generated pH modulating chemical species. The pH electrode is accurately positioned at the surface of the metal with shear force detection before the solution is loaded into the electrochemical cell at room temperature and the pH is monitored for 20 minutes. After a rapid increase, a maximum pH is reached. A good correlation is found between this in situ measured pH and the precipitation pH of metallic species contained in the solution. Interpretation of the results from in situ pH monitoring and open‐circuit potential of the treated surface allows to propose three distinctive steps during the sealing process: an activation of the alumina layer by its dissolution during the first minutes, which induces an increase of the interfacial pH, followed by a precipitation of the sealing products as soon as the precipitation domain is reached and finally a consolidation of the sealing layer during the next 20 min.
The Using Capacity of Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes in DNA Biosensors
Authors: Doğru Erkan , Erhan Elif , Arikan Osman A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study focuses on the application of a new electrode configuration for biosensing. An electrochemical DNA biosensor was developed based on the recognition of target DNA by hybridization detection with immobilized capture synthesized 15‐mer single‐stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) capture probe on a chemically modified carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME). The capture probe was covalently attached to amine‐labeled ssDNA using 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N‐hydrosulfosuccinimide (NHS) modified CFME. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was used to monitor the hybridization reaction on the capture probe electrode. The covalent immobilized capture probe could selectively hybridize with its target DNA to form double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) on CFME surface by using methylene blue (MB) as a hybridization indicator. The decrease of the peak current of MB, an electroactive indicator, was observed upon hybridization of the probe with the target DNA. The peak current of MB was found to increase in the following order: hybrid‐modified CFME, single‐base mismatch hybrid‐modified CFME, non‐complementary modified CFME. The results show that the developed biosensor has a good calibration range between 0.5 and 10 ppm, with detection limit of 0.72 ppm.
Experimental Investigation of Producing Brown's Gas using a Metal‐Plate Electrolyzer for Diesel Vehicle Applications
Authors: Wu Yimin , Xie Changjun , Burke Andrew , Zhao Hengbing , Miller Marshall , Warner Stan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe infusion of Brown's gas into a diesel engine can create faster, more efficient combustion, which can be produced by using an alkaline electrolyzer. Brown's gas consists of 2/3 hydrogen and 1/3 oxygen by volume, as produced by the alkaline electrolyzer. An experimental test setup for verifying the performance of an electrolyzer provided by Stan Warner was established in the Battery Laboratory at the University of California Davis. A series of tests were performed under constant current and pulse current modes. Analyses of the data indicate that the electrolyzer functions reliably at all current values. The Brown's gas production rate is found to be linear with current and in agreement with Faraday's Law. The electrolyzer meets the developer's claim of 3–4 L min−1 of Brown's gas production at 60 A. The calculated energy efficiency of the electrolyzer based on the high heating value of hydrogen is 61 % at 70 A. The performance and pulse characteristics of the Warner electrolyzer indicate it is well suited for use in diesel truck applications.
Colony impact of pesticide-induced sublethal effects on honeybee workers: A simulation study using BEEHAVE
Authors: Thorbek Pernille , Campbell Peter J. , Thompson Helen M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Research on neonicotinoids and honeybees have changed focus from direct mortality to sublethal effects. In the present study, a published honeybee model, BEEHAVE, is used to compare induced colony level impact of pesticides including direct mortality, poor brood care, disorientation, and increased handling time in oilseed rape and sunflower crops. Actual effects on individual bees will depend on exposure concentrations, but in the present study large effects were enforced. In oilseed rape, poor brood care had the largest colony impact, because it created a bottleneck for spring build-up of the workforce, and colony impact for all effect types peaked 1 mo after exposure ceased. In sunflower, the later exposure changed the response so colony impact peaked during exposure, and the bottleneck was honey store build-up. In all scenarios, good forage mitigated effects substantially. It is concluded that field studies should continue at least 1 mo after exposure to ensure detection of ecologically relevant sublethal effects. The results indicated that even if a sublethal effect is difficult to detect in the field, subsequent ecologically relevant colony level impacts would be clear if studies are continued for 1 mo after exposure. Guidance for regulatory studies recommends extended observation periods, and published field studies already use extended observation periods, so it is concluded that current methods are adequate for detecting ecologically relevant sublethal effects. Although published laboratory and semifield studies conducted under controlled exposure conditions suggest that sublethal effects may occur, published field studies with neonicotinoid seed treatments, naturally foraging bees, and extended observation periods do not report colony-level effects, suggesting that in these studies no ecologically relevant sublethal effects occurred. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:831–840. © 2016 SETAC
Optimal‐cost repair in multi‐hop distributed storage systems with network coding
Authors: Gerami Majid , Xiao Ming , Skoglund Mikael , Shum Kenneth W. , Lin Dengsheng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe study the transmission cost of repair in a distributed storage system, where storage nodes are connected together through an arbitrary network topology, and there is a cost in the use of the network link. Contrary to the classical model, where there exists a link between a pair of storage node, in our repair model there might not exist a link between some pairs of storage nodes or it might be expensive to use. For that, we propose surviving nodes cooperation in repair, meaning that the surviving nodes as the intermediate nodes combine their received packets with their own stored packets and then transmit coded packets towards the new node. We show that surviving node cooperation can reduce the repair‐cost, the sum of the costs for transmitting repairing data between the surviving nodes and the new node. For the system that allows surviving node cooperation, we find the minimum‐cost codes in repair by firstly deriving a lower bound of the repair‐cost through an optimization problem and then proposing achievable codes. We show the gain of the proposed codes in reducing the repair‐cost in some scenarios. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidation of E,E‐bis(3‐bromo‐1‐chloro‐1‐propen‐2‐yl) chalcogenides and use of E,E‐bis(3‐bromo‐1‐chloro‐1‐propen‐2‐yl)sulfone in heterocyclization with primary amines
Authors: Martynov Alexander V. , Shagun Vladimir A. , Amosova Svetlana V. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOxidation of E,E‐bis(3‐bromo‐1‐chloro‐1‐propen‐2‐yl) sulfide and selenide with hydrogen peroxide in chloroform/acetic acid or acetic acid affords previously unknown E,E‐bis(3‐bromo‐1‐chloro‐1‐propen‐2‐yl) sulfoxide, selenoxide, and sulfone. The reaction of E,E‐bis(3‐bromo‐1‐chloro‐1‐propen‐2‐yl) sulfone with primary amines in ethanol in the presence of NaHCO3 or Na2CO3 is found to lead not only to heterocyclization but also to alcoholysis of the chloromethylidene groups in the intermediate bis(chloromethylidene) derivatives of thiomorpholine‐1,1‐dioxides to afford N‐organyl‐2(E),6(E)‐bis(ethoxymethylidene) thiomorpholine‐1,1‐dioxides as final products.
Self‐disproportionation of Enantiomers (SDE) of Chiral Nonracemic Amides via Achiral Chromatography
Authors: Wzorek Alicja , Sato Azusa , Drabowicz Józef , Soloshonok Vadim A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article is based on a review of literature devoted to the phenomenon of SDE via achiral chromatography since the appearance of the seminal work of Professor Emanuel Gil‐Av. The discussed examples of chromatographic studies are related to amides derived from chiral amines and α‐ and β‐amino acids. We discuss the observed SDE magnitude as a function of a compound's structure, and composition of eluent and stationary phases, providing some mechanistic considerations. Particular emphasis is given to the aspect of SDE via achiral chromatography as an emerging unconventional enantiomeric purification technique.
Intraday Rallies and Crashes: Spillovers of Trading Halts
Authors: Cui Bei , Gozluklu Arie E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper analyses a set of intraday rally and crash events at the firm level during the single‐stock circuit breaker program and documents the cross‐sectional spillover effects of such events on non‐halted stocks. We test whether such major price jumps, and subsequent trading halts, affect related stocks through the destabilizing eme price movements that trigger the circuit breakers at the firm level are accompanied by a massive surge in volume, spread and short‐term volatility, which gradually revert back to normal. Speculative strategies of arbitrageurs such as momentum and pairs trading cause cross‐sectional spillovers in volume and volatility during the trading halt. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.