bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Knowledge Management Be Implemented in the Teaching of Medical Sciences?
Authors: Hassanian Zahra Marzieh , Ahanchian Mohammad Reza , Karimi-Moonaghi Hossein 
Published: January 2016

SummaryUniversities play a vital role in social progress. Knowledge management (KM) is a kind of process which transforms data into knowledge and knowledge into capital. The aim of this paper is to investigate the use of KM in the field of education of medical sciences in order to help educators and students benefit from the knowledge present in the field of health sciences in a more meaningful and informed way.To achieve the aim of this narrative review, the related Persian and English literature sources were carefully examined; first, the Internet and other data bases were searched for articles containing one or more of the following key words: knowledge, knowledge management, medical science and higher education. Then, the related articles were quickly scanned and useful information was extracted. The selected parts of the text were carefully studied and summarized by two researchers. After gaining a thorough comprehension of the subject, its different dimensions and aspects were described and compared.As a process, the goal of KM in the field of medical sciences is to motivate the creation, sharing, storing and utilization of knowledge. Knowledge creation occurs by continually transforming tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge and vice versa. KM can be implemented in different areas of medical science including clinical practice. Knowledge managements system (KMS) plans are used to provide high quality, high value cost-effective care in medical science. Critical factors that influence the success of the implementation of KM in the field of medical education include culture, leadership and appropriate substructure. KM can be implemented for the development of medical education. KM is a tool which makes education and its practice intellectual, high quality and affordable. Implementation of KM is recommended in the field of medical education for effective health care delivery.
Staphylococcus aureus: Immunopathogenesis and Human Immunity
Authors: Miljković-Selimović Biljana , Dinić Marina , Orlović Jovan , Babić Tatjana 
Published: January 2016

SummaryConsidering a large number of pathogen factors that enable high virulence of a microorganism such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), it is essential to see them through the continuous adaptation to the newly acquired mechanisms of the host immune response and efforts to overcome these, allowing the bacteria a perfect ecological niche for growth, reproduction, and location of new hosts. Past efforts to create a vaccine that would provide effective protection against infections caused by S. aureus remained without success. The reasons for this stem from the outstanding adaptability skills of this microorganism to almost all environmental conditions, the existence of a numerous virulence factors whose mechanisms of action are not well known, as well as insufficient knowledge of the immune response to S. aureus infections. This review article deals with this issue from another perspective and emphasizes actual knowledge on virulence factors and immune response to S. aureus.
The Beneficial Biological Properties of Salicylic Acid
Authors: Randjelović Pavle , Veljković Slavimir , Stojiljković Nenad , Sokolović Dušan , Ilić Ivan , Laketić Darko , Randjelović Dušica , Randjelović Nebojša 
Published: January 2016

Summary
Salicylic acid is a phytochemical with beneficial effects on human well-being. Salicylic acid is a phenolic compound and is present in various plants where it has a vital role in protection against pathogenic agents. Natural sources include fruits, vegetables and spices. The most famous and defined effect of salicylic acid is prostaglandin synthesis inhibition. Salicylic acid has antiinflammatory effects through suppression of transcription of genes for cyclooxygenase. Most of the pharmacological properties of salicylic acid can be contributed to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Also, it was discovered that salicylic acid has other in vivo cyclooxygenase-independent pathways. Since salicylic acid does not inhibit cyclooxygenase considerably, the anti-inflammatory effect is not a consequence of direct inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity. Because of its fundamental role, it was suggested that inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B by salicylic acid is one of the key anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action for salicylates. One of the most studied properties of salicylic acid is its antioxidative activity. Salicylic acid is a confirmed inhibitor of oxidative stress. Salicylic acid is capable of binding iron. This fact is significant for antioxidative effect of salicylic acid because iron has an important function in the course of lipid peroxidation.
Fritillaria Meleagroides in Romania
Authors: Oprea Adrian , Sîrbu Culiţă , Peregrym Mykyta 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The presence in the spontaneous flora of Romania of the species Fritillaria meleagroides is reported in this paper. It was identified in the North of the village Cotu Morii (Popricani Commune, Iaşi County), on (meso-) hygrophilous, slightly halophilous meadows, placed on the both sides of an old meander of the Jijia river. This place is at the western limit of natural area of F. meleagroides, which stretches from the Central Asia to the Eastern Europe (European Russia, Ukraine and Bulgaria). Since F. meleagroides is an endangered species in large part of its natural range, we consider that urgent actions to protect its populations from Romania are necessary.
The Occurrence of Marine Alga Enteromorpha Intestinalis in Water Courses from Salt Area Meledic Plateau, Vrancei Subcarpathians (Romania)
Authors: Strat Daniela 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThree new sites of Enteromorpha intestinalis have been found in the drainage basin of the Slănic River located in the Subcarpathians region, salt Meledic Plateau. E. intestinalis is a cosmopolitan macro green alga species with tubular thali that is primarily found in the coastal zone, including the Romanian Black Sea coast. Due to its salt tolerance this alga it was found in some inland waters, both fresh and saline waters courses and limnic waters that are often positively correlated with cultural eutrophication. These new reported localities of E. intestinalis in inland waters from this saline region contribute new and essential information about the distribution of this originally marine species on the inland area of Romania.
Trichomonas vaginalis: An Updated Overview Towards Diagnostic Improvement
Authors: Oliveira Ana S. , Ferrão Ana R. , Pereira Filomena Martins , Martinez-de-Oliveira José , Palmeira-de-Oliveira Ana 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is responsible for trichomonosis, a sexually transmitted disease (STD) with a significant incidence worldwide. This infection is one of the most common non-viral STDs, representing almost 50% of all curable STDs. Trichomonosis has an incidence of 180 million new cases worldwide. Nowadays, the ‘gold standard’ for TV diagnosis remains the use of in vitro cultures combined with daily visual microscopic evaluations, which is a time-consuming and low sensitive method. Recent diagnostic methodologies include imunocromatographic assays and molecular biology techniques. The use of the latter has improved enormously the sensitivity and specificity of TV diagnosis, despite, however, none being unable to identify the presence of live parasites. By understanding the biology, the pathogenesis, the proteomic profile and its relation with the parasite’s virulence mechanisms, new possibilities towards diagnostic techniques can arise. This review covers various important aspects of vaginal trichomonosis from the parasite’s biology and virulence to recent improvements in diagnostic techniques and also metabolic and protein discoveries.
Effects of altered water quality and trace elements on the infection variables of Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon (Monogenea: Diplozoidae) from two sites in the Vaal River system, South Africa
Authors: Gilbert Beric Michael , Avenant-Oldewage Annemariè 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUsing parasites as sentinel organisms has received increased attention due to their responses toward environmental degradation. In some sections of the Vaal River, South Africa, water quality is altered and biota distribution affected. The aims of this study were to assess and compare infection variables of Paradipolozoon ichthyoxanthonAvenant-Oldewage, 2014 in Avenant- Oldewage et al. (2014) at two sites along the Vaal River and compare the water quality and trace element levels at the sites. Infection variables of the parasite, physico-chemical variables, and sediment and water samples for trace element analysis were collected at each site. Conductivity and trace element concentrations were higher at the Vaal River site than the Vaal Dam. Temporal variances in water quality and parasite prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance, at intervals over a 14 year period occurred, P. ichthyoxanthon was absent at the Vaal River site though the host fish are present. Prevalence peaks in summer and winter. Comparison of infection data to water quality and trace elements indicated that conductivity and trace element levels negatively affected/correlated with the infection variables. Higher trace elements concentration and conductivity at the Vaal River site are thought to be driving factors responsible for absence of the parasite.
Effects of Echinostoma caproni miracidia dose on the amino acid contents of Biomphalaria glabrata as determined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography
Authors: Nguyen Mai , Fried Bernard , Sherma Joseph 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe effects of 5, 20, and 40 miracidia dose exposures of Echinostoma caproni on the amino acid contents of Biomphalaria glabrata were studied using high performance thin-layer chromatography-densitometry. Amino acids were identified and quantified in whole bodies of exposed snails and in the uninfected matched controls at 2 and 4 weeks post-exposure. Using cellulose layers with the mobile phase 2-butanol-pyridine-glacial acetic acid-deionized water (39:34:10:26) and ninhydrin detection reagent [2% ninhydrin in acetone-n-butanol (1:1)], five amino acids were identified, i.e., leucine/isoleucine, valine, alanine, glycine, and ornithine, by hRF value comparison and color differentiation. Quantitatively, there was a marked elevation in the amounts of four of these five amino acids (isoleucine/leucine, valine, alanine, and ornithine) across dose levels at 4 weeks post-infection (P<0.05). Elevation of the amino acid content in the high dose snail group suggested that some changes occurred in the amino acid metabolism of the snails in that group as a function of miracidia dose.
Molecular detection and prevalence of feline hemotropic mycoplasmas in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Cetinkaya Handan , Haktanir Damla , Arun Seckin , Vurusaner Cem 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate Mycoplasma spp. species in blood samples of the domestic cats from the province of Istanbul, Turkey. Three hundred eighty four blood samples of client-owned cats were used for the identification of Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf), Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (CMhm) and Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis (CMt) by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) assays. Out of 384 blood samples, 74 (19.3%) were positive for one of Mycoplasma species. The total prevalence of Mhf, CMhm and CMt infections was 9.9%, 17.7% and 0.8% respectively. The most common species was CMhm. Co-infections were mostly with Mhf/CMhm and the frequency was 8.1%. Two cats were infected with three species. The current study was the first molecular prevalence study of hemotropic mycoplasmas in Istanbul, reporting the presence of CMt for the first time in Turkey. Prevalence of feline mycoplasma was notably high in Istanbul and PCR assay could be preferred rather than the microscopic examination for the diagnosis.
Sex Ratio Analysis of Some Macrolepidoptera Species Collected by Hungarian Forestry Light Traps
Authors: Nowinszky László , Puskás János 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe analysed the sex ratio of 32 macrolepidopteran species caught by Hungarian forestry light traps. That the ratio of males and females collected by light trap varies by species has been known for decades; however, the sex ratio found in the natural population is not known. All 32 species were processed separately, but by the same method. Both males and females were counted throughout the whole swarming. We calculated these figures and inspected the difference in the level of significance with the χ2 test. For each swarming we calculated the percentage of males and females. We also calculated the values of the variation coefficients, which express the deviations in average percentages.Males make up the majority of the moths captured in the trap; this result was mirrored by 29 of the 32 species investigated. One of the exceptions was the Pelosia muscerda Hfn. where we observed a male to female ratio that was equal. In addition to that Watsoniana cultraria Fabr. is the only one species captured by light traps that showed a significant female majority.Our results confirm that the majority of moths captured in traps are males. However, the proportion of males and females of each species, and even within the same species, tended to differ greatly with each swarming. Yet, it must be noted that these results speak only for those specimens captured by light traps and cannot be related directly to the actual sex ratio of populations living in the natural environment
Multi-Frequency Electrical Impedance Measurement on a Wooden Disc Sample
Authors: Vizvár Zoltán , Kiss Tibor , Máthé Kálmán , Odry Péter , Vér Csaba , Divós Ferenc 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Non-invasive measurement techniques are widely used for the investigation of living tree and wood material. Principles and methods from other fields of science form the basis of these techniques. Electrical impedance measurement, which is adopted mainly from applied geophysics, plays an important role in the investigation of living trees and wood material. Unlike other measurement techniques that provide mainly physical information, electrical impedance measurement is able to gather either physical or chemical information. There are several published accounts of the use of Electrical Impedance Tomography mainly for examining internal decay, estimation of sapwood, and heartwood width. The advantages of the method are its low costs and rapid execution; however, low spatial resolution is still one of the most glaring limits of the method. Use of a new, self-developed, high resolution measurement system provides new opportunities to gain better insights into the characterisation of wood material. As well as high accuracy and resolution, the measurement system is able to operate in a wide frequency range. This expands the examined parameters making it possible to extend the gained information and develop new methods for the investigation of living trees and wood material. The aim of our publication is to introduce some experimental results in the investigation of spatial resolution our system measured on a wooden disc.
Nonthermal Argon Plasma Generator and Some Potential Applications
Authors: Bunoiu M. , Jugunaru I. , Bica I. , Balasoiu M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A laboratory - made nonthermal plasma generator is presented. It has a diameter of 0.020 m and length of 0.155 m and contains two electrodes. The first electrode is a 2% Th-W alloy, 0.002 m in diameter bar, centred inside the generator’s body by means of a four channel teflon piece; the other three channels, 0.003 m in diameter, are used for Ar supply. The second electrode is a nozzle of 0.002 m - 0.008 m diameter and 0.005m length. A ~500 kV/m electric field is generated between the two electrodes by a high frequency source (13.56 MHz ±5%), equipped with a OT-1000 (Tungsram) power triode. For Ar flows ranging from 0.00008 m3/s to 0.00056 m3/s, a plasma jet of length not exceeding 0.015 m and temperature below 315 K is obtained. Anthurium andraeanumis sample , blood matrix, human hair and textile fibers may be introduced in the plasma jet. For time periods of 30 s and 60 s, various effects like, cell detexturization, fast blood coagulation or textile fiber or hair cleaning and smoothing are obtained. These effects are presented and discussed in the paper.
Clouds and the Near-Earth Environment: Possible Links
Authors: Condurache-Bota Simona , Voiculescu Mirela , Dragomir Carmelia 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Climate variability is a hot topic not only for scientists and policy-makers, but also for each and every one of us. The anthropogenic activities are considered to be responsible for most climate change, however there are large uncertainties about the magnitude of effects of solar variability and other extraterrestrial influences, such as galactic cosmic rays on terrestrial climate. Clouds play an important role due to feedbacks of the radiation budget: variation of cloud cover/composition affects climate, which, in turn, affects cloud cover via atmospheric dynamics and sea temperature variations. Cloud formation and evolution are still under scientific scrutiny, since their microphysics is still not understood. Besides atmospheric dynamics and other internal climatic parameters, extraterrestrial sources of cloud cover variation are considered. One of these is the solar wind, whose effect on cloud cover might be modulated by the global atmospheric electrical circuit. Clouds height and composition, their seasonal variation and latitudinal distribution should be considered when trying to identify possible mechanisms by which solar energy is transferred to clouds. The influence of the solar wind on cloud formation can be assessed also through the ap index - the geomagnetic storm index, which can be readily connected with interplanetary magnetic field, IMF structure. This paper proposes to assess the possible relationship between both cloud cover and solar wind proxies, as the ap index, function of cloud height and composition and also through seasonal studies. The data covers almost three solar cycles (1984-2009). Mechanisms are looked for by investigating observed trends or correlation at local/seasonal scale
Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in Polish cattle herds
Authors: Jodełko Agnieszka , Niemczuk Krzysztof , Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in cattle herds in different regions of Poland. A total of 1150 serum samples collected from 443 cattle herds from 14 provinces were tested using complement fixation test. The seroprevalence was different in individual regions of Poland. The average percentage of seropositive herds was 40.41% and these herds were identified in each province tested.
Redox status in the blood of ewes in the perinatal period and during lactation
Authors: Ognik Katarzyna , Patkowski Krzysztof , Gruszecki Tomasz , Kostro Krzysztof 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the perinatal period on redox status indicators in the blood of ewes before and after lambing and during lactation. The study was performed on 12 ewes of the synthetic SCP line. Blood for testing of redox parameters was collected seven times: before pregnancy, 1.5 months and 24 h before lambing, 2 and 24 h after lambing, and in the fourth and eighth weeks of lactation. The following blood indices were determined by spectrophotometry: lipid peroxides, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, plasma total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, urea, bilirubin, and creatinine. The tests showed that during the perinatal period reactions are generated which lead to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress in pregnant ewes was found to increase during the period before lambing and may persist even up to weeks 4-8 of lactation.
Preliminary probe of quality indicators and quality specification in total testing process in 5753 laboratories in China
Authors: Fei Yang , Kang Fengfeng , Wang Wei , Zhao Haijian , He Falin , Zhong Kun , Wang Zhiguo , Chen Wenxiang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe aim of the study was to promote the establishment and implementation of quality indicators (QIs) in clinical laboratories, catch up with the state of art, and provide preliminary quality specifications for established QIs.Clinical laboratories from different provinces in China were included in this QIs survey in 2015. All participants were asked to collect data related to QIs and complete QIs questionnaires. Defect percentages and sigma values were calculated for each QI. The 25th percentile, median, and the 75th percentile of defect percentages and TATs were calculated as optimum, desirable and minimum quality specifications. While 25th, median, and 75th of sigma values were calculated as minimum, desirable and optimum quality specifications, respectively.Five thousand seven hundred and fifty-three clinical laboratories from 28 provinces in China participated in this survey. Median defect percentages of pre-examination QIs varied largely from 0.01% (incorrect sample container) to 0.57% (blood culture contamination) with sigma values varied from 4.0σ to 5.1σ. Median defect percentages of examination phase QIs were all really high. The most common problem in examination phase was test uncovered by inter-laboratory comparison (86.67%). Defect percentages of critical values notification and timely critical values notification were all 0.00% (6.0σ). While the median of defect percentages of incorrect laboratory reports was only 0.01% (5.4σ).Improvements are needed in all phases of total testing process (TTP) in laboratories in China, especially in examination phase. More attention should be paid when microbiology specimens are collected and results are reported. Quality specifications can provide directions for laboratories to make effort for.
Design, synthesis and anti-mycobacterial evaluation of some new N-phenylpyrazine-2-carboxamides
Authors: Zitko Jan , Servusová-Vaňásková Barbora , Paterová Pavla , Navrátilová Lucie , Trejtnar František , Kuneš Jiří , Doležal Martin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractN-Phenylpyrazine-2-carboxamides (anilides of pyrazinoic acids with simple substituents in various positions) were previously shown to possess significant biological activities in vitro, markedly anti-mycobacterial and photosynthesis-inhibiting activity. Based on structure-activity relationships (SAR) extracted from previously published series, 25 new anilides of non-substituted pyrazinoic acid (POA), 5-CH
The cloning, expression and purification of recombinant human neuritin from Escherichia coli and the partial analysis of its neurobiological activity
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Tang Juan , Zhang Yunhua , Wang Haiyan , Yuan Wumei , Yu Na , Luo Xing , Xu Xiaoling , Huang Jin , Yang Lei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNeuritin (Nrn1) is a neurotrophic factor that plays various roles in neural development and synaptic plasticity. In this study, the NRN1 gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and then recombinant neuritin protein was purified so that its neurobiological activity could be evaluated. The protein, which was obtained at a concentration of 0.45 mg/ml and > 90% purity, had the predicted molecular weight of 30 kDa, as determined via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Western blot analysis confirmed that an anti-neuritin antibody could recognize the fusion protein. Subsequent functional analyses revealed that recombinant neuritin promoted neurite outgrowth in embryonic chicken dorsal root ganglia and PC12 cells. These results suggest that recombinant neuritin protein could be a valuable tool for inducing neurite regeneration, for instance in cases of spinal cord injury or neurological diseases.