bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A limitation on security evaluation of cryptographic primitives with fixed keys
Authors: Kawai Yutaka , Hanaoka Goichiro , Ohta Kazuo , Kunihiro Noboru 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss security of public‐key cryptographic primitives in the case that the public key is fixed. In the standard argument, security of cryptographic primitives are evaluated by estimating the average probability of being successfully attacked where keys are treated as random variables. In contrast to this, in practice, a user is mostly interested in the security under his specific public key, which has been already fixed. However, it is obvious that such security cannot be mathematically guaranteed because for any given public key, there always potentially exists an adversary, which breaks its security. Therefore, the best what we can do is just to use a public key such that its effective adversary is not likely to be constructed in the real life and, thus, it is desired to provide a method for evaluating this possibility. The motivation of this work is to investigate (in)feasibility of predicting whether for a given fixed public key, its successful adversary will actually appear in the real life or not. As our main result, we prove that for any digital signature scheme or public key encryption scheme, it is impossible to reduce any fixed key adversary in any weaker security notion than the de facto ones (i.e., existential unforgery against adaptive chosen message attacks or indistinguishability against adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks) to fixed key adversaries in the de facto security notion in a black‐box manner. This result means that, for example, for any digital signature scheme, impossibility of extracting the secret key from a fixed public key will never imply existential unforgery against chosen message attacks under the same key as long as we consider only black‐box analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binary field multiplication on ARMv8
Authors: Seo Hwajeong , Liu Zhe , Nogami Yasuyuki , Choi Jongseok , Kim Howon 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we show efficient implementations of binary field multiplication over ARMv8. We exploit an advanced 64‐bit polynomial multiplication (PMULL) supported by ARMv8 and conduct multiple levels of asymptotically faster Karatsuba multiplication for polynomial multiplication. Finally, our method completed binary field multiplication within 57 and 153 clock cycles for B‐251 and B‐571 cases, respectively. Proposed method improves the speed‐performance by a factor of 4.5 times than previous techniques on same target platform. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The more, the merrier? Women in top‐management teams and entrepreneurship in established firms
Authors: Lyngsie Jacob , Foss Nicolai J. 
Published: February 2016

Research summary: We study the association between firms' entrepreneurial outcomes and their gender composition. Though highly topical, there is little solid empirical knowledge of this issue, which calls for an inductive approach. We match a paired‐respondent questionnaire survey with population‐wide employer‐employee data, and find evidence that the presence of female top managers is positively related to entrepreneurial outcomes in established firms. Yet, this relation is conditional on the proportion between male and female top managers. Another finding is that the overall proportion of women in the firm's workforce negatively moderates the relation between female top managers and entrepreneurial outcomes. We discuss various mechanisms that can explain these findings, and argue that they are best understood in terms of the dynamics of social categorization.Managerial summary: We investigate how companies benefit from having more women on the top‐management team. We show that beyond a threshold level of female top managers, more women are associated with more entrepreneurial outcomes (more products and services profitably launched). However, this positive effect is weakened in firms that have many women in the workforce. These effects may be explained in terms of the ways employees mentally categorize managers and how this influences their work motivation. We find evidence for such an explanation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating corrosion attack in reinforced concrete by means of crack opening
Authors: Andrade Carmen , Cesetti Alessandro , Mancini Giuseppe , Tondolo Francesco 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe corrosion of reinforcement in concrete is the most common degradation phenomenon of reinforced concrete structures. Reinforced concrete elements subjected to corrosion generally crack due to the expansive nature of oxides. One very important task is estimating the corrosion level using a non‐destructive method in order to establish both the actual safety of the structure and a priority intervention plan.Many researchers have studied the relationship between the corrosion phenomenon and the corresponding crack openings and their evolution; several statistical analyses, based on test data from experimental campaigns under a wide range of test conditions, are available.The present work attempts to contribute to finding a relationship between the crack opening and the amount of corrosion induced in the reinforcing bars. The result of the analysis is that only a reduced number of tests can be used to establish an empirical model based on a reliable set of test data. A simple relationship between crack opening and corrosion penetration is not recommended, due to the different parameters that are able to influence this correlation. Therefore, two fundamental parameters, the ratio of the concrete cover to the rebar diameter and the concrete strength, have also been considered. The considerations made regarding these parameter test results have been rearranged and the result is a formulation that shows reduced scatter.
Airborne fine particulate matter causes murine bronchial hyperreactivity via MAPK pathway‐mediated M3 muscarinic receptor upregulation
Authors: Wang Rong , Xiao Xue , Shen Zhenxing , Cao Lei , Cao Yongxiao 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTRegarding the human health effects, airborne fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is an important environmental risk factor. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. The present study examined the hypothesis that PM2.5 causes bronchial hyperreactivity by upregulated muscarinic receptors via the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The isolated rat bronchi segments were cultured with different concentration of PM2.5 for different time. The contractile response of the bronchi segments were recorded by a sensitive myograph. The mRNA and protein expression levels of M3 muscarinic receptors were studied by quantitative real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The muscarinic receptors agonist, carbachol induced a remarkable contractile response on fresh and DMSO cultured bronchial segments. Compared with the fresh or DMSO culture groups, 1.0 µg/mL of PM2.5 cultured for 24 h significantly enhanced muscarinic receptor‐mediated contractile responses in bronchi with a markedly increased maximal contraction. In addition, the expression levels of mRNA and protein for M3 muscarinic receptors in bronchi of PM2.5 group were higher than that of fresh or DMSO culture groups. SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) and U0126 (MEK1/2 inhibitor) significantly inhibited the PM2.5‐induced enhanced contraction and increased mRNA and protein expression of muscarinic receptors. However, JNK inhibitor SP600125 had no effect on PM2.5‐induced muscarinic receptor upregulation and bronchial hyperreactivity. In conclusion, airborne PM2.5 upregulates muscarinic receptors, which causes subsequently bronchial hyperreactivity shown as enhanced contractility in bronchi. This process may be mediated by p38 and MEK1/2 MAPK pathways. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 371–381, 2017.
Challenges and opportunities for mainstreaming industrial energy efficiency in small‐to‐medium‐sized industries in Zimbabwe
Authors: Muzamwese Tawanda Collins 
Published: February 2016

Development of industry in Zimbabwe has been widely acknowledged as one of the leading sources of current environmental and energy efficiency challenges affecting the country. The emergence of Small‐to‐medium‐sized (SMEs) industry sectors is seen as an opportunity for socioeconomic growth. Hence, it requires mainstreaming sustainability and energy efficiency at its core. Several policy instruments have been implemented to support industrial energy efficiency in Zimbabwe, including awareness, regulations, and voluntary standards such as International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) energy management systems standard ISO 50001 and economic instruments. Several challenges exist that affect widespread adoption of energy efficient technologies including implementation of policy framework for energy efficiency, ageing equipment, inadequate funding mechanisms, limited information, few economic incentives for SMEs to invest in energy efficiency, low technical capability of SMEs to implement energy efficiency, limited institutional sustainability of agencies involved in promotion of energy efficiency, and low uptake of energy management standards. This study focuses on the challenges and opportunities for resource efficiency and presents strategies for improvement. In order to enhance green industry and increase adoption in SMEs, there is need to strengthen institutions involved in resource efficiency, improve funding mechanisms, strengthen industrial clusters, promote energy service companies (ESCOs) and energy efficiency networking forums, create funding schemes for SMEs, provide training and capacity building, increase demonstration projects, strengthen the role of independent energy service providers, and improve national collaboration of stakeholders. In conclusion, Zimbabwe has greater potential to contribute towards a green economy through implementing energy efficiency in SMEs. WIREs Energy Environ 2016, 5:510–518. doi: 10.1002/wene.203This article is categorized under:

Concentrating Solar Power > Climate and Environment
Energy and Development > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy and Development > Climate and Environment
Maltase protein of Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha is a counterpart to the resurrected ancestor protein ancMALS of yeast maltases and isomaltases
Authors: Viigand Katrin , Visnapuu Triinu , Mardo Karin , Aasamets Anneli , Alamäe Tiina 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae maltases use maltose, maltulose, turanose and maltotriose as substrates, isomaltases use isomaltose, α‐methylglucoside and palatinose and both use sucrose. These enzymes are hypothesized to have evolved from a promiscuous α‐glucosidase ancMALS through duplication and mutation of the genes. We studied substrate specificity of the maltase protein MAL1 from an earlier diverged yeast, Ogataea polymorpha (Op), in the light of this hypothesis. MAL1 has extended substrate specificity and its properties are strikingly similar to those of resurrected ancMALS. Moreover, amino acids considered to determine selective substrate binding are highly conserved between Op MAL1 and ancMALS. Op MAL1 represents an α‐glucosidase in which both maltase and isomaltase activities are well optimized in a single enzyme. Substitution of Thr200 (corresponds to Val216 in S. cerevisiae isomaltase IMA1) with Val in MAL1 drastically reduced the hydrolysis of maltose‐like substrates (α‐1,4‐glucosides), confirming the requirement of Thr at the respective position for this function. Differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) of the catalytically inactive mutant Asp199Ala of MAL1 in the presence of its substrates and selected monosaccharides suggested that the substrate‐binding pocket of MAL1 has three subsites (–1, +1 and +2) and that binding is strongest at the –1 subsite. The DSF assay results were in good accordance with affinity (Km) and inhibition (Ki) data of the enzyme for tested substrates, indicating the power of the method to predict substrate binding. Deletion of either the maltase (MAL1) or α‐glucoside permease (MAL2) gene in Op abolished the growth of yeast on MAL1 substrates, confirming the requirement of both proteins for usage of these sugars. © 2016 The Authors. Yeast published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late Radiological and Clinical Outcomes of Traumatic Thoracic Aortic Injury Managed with Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Khashram M. , He Q. , Oh T. H. , Khanafer A. , Wright I. A. , Vasudevan T. M. , Lo A. S. N. , Roake J. A. , Civil I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposePatients treated with thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for traumatic thoracic aortic injury (TTAI) are often young and data on long‐term durability of this treatment is not widely documented. The aims of this study were to report the New Zealand (NZ) national experience of TEVAR and to assess the durability of late outcomes and radiological follow‐up of patients treated for TTAI.MethodsConsecutive patients treated with TEVAR during a 12‐year period from all tertiary centers in NZ were included. Early (30‐day), late survival and radiological imaging data were recorded to document late graft‐related complications and re‐interventions.Results88 patients with a median (range) age of 35 (15–87) year and 63 (71.6 %) males were included. Eleven patients (12.5 %) died within 30 days, of which three were aortic related deaths. The median (range) follow‐up was 76.3 (0.3–164.6) months. Six (7.8 %) patients died during the follow‐up period due to non‐aortic‐related causes. Nine (11.5 %) patients were lost to follow‐up of which three emigrated overseas. Of those on surveillance, two patients required TEVAR re‐intervention to previously treated aortic segments; one for a type 1b endoleak and the other for a symptomatic pseudo‐coarctation. Both were treated successfully with a TEVAR.ConclusionsThis multicenter study suggests that TEVAR is a durable option for treatment of traumatic thoracic aortic injury. Although, stent graft complications were uncommon, but when it occurred, it leads to re‐intervention. Further radiological follow‐up is required particularly in young patient to document late aortic/stent complications.
The Damage Pattern to the Gastrointestinal Tract Depends on the Nature of the Ingested Caustic Agent
Authors: Ducoudray Romain , Mariani Antoine , Corte Helene , Kraemer Aurore , Munoz‐Bongrand Nicolas , Sarfati Emile , Cattan Pierre , Chirica Mircea 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground
The mechanisms of damage to the gastrointestinal tract after caustic ingestion are conditioned by the nature of the ingested agent. Whether the nature of the ingested agent has a direct influence on patient outcomes is unknown.MethodsFrom January 2013 to April 2015, 144 patients underwent emergency management for caustic injuries at the Saint Louis Hospital in Paris. There were 51 men (51 %) and the median age was 44 years [39, 48]. The ingested agents were soda‐based strong alkali in 85 patients (59 %), strong acids in 36 patients (25 %), and bleach in 23 patients (16 %). Emergency and long‐term outcomes were compared according to the nature of the ingested agent.ResultsFour patients died (3 %) and 40 patients (28 %) experienced complications. After bleach ingestion, emergency morbidity and mortality were nil, no patient required esophageal reconstruction, and functional outcome was successful in all patients. Acids were more likely to induce transmural gastric (31 vs. 13 %, p =0.042) and duodenal (9 vs. 0 %, p = 0.04) necrosis than strong alkalis, but rates of transmural esophageal necrosis were similar (14 vs. 12 %, p = 0.98). No significant differences were recorded between emergency mortality (9 vs. 1 %, p = 0.15), morbidity (33 vs. 33 %, p = 0.92), the need for esophageal reconstruction (25 vs. 20 %, p = 0.88), and functional success rates (76 vs. 84 %, p = 0.31) after acid and alkali ingestion, respectively.ConclusionBleach causes mild gastrointestinal injuries, while the ingestion of strong acids and alkalis may result in severe complications and death. Acids cause more severe damage to the stomach but similar damage to the esophagus when compared to alkalis.
Alzheimer's disease risk variants modulate endophenotypes in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Louwersheimer Eva , Wolfsgruber Steffen , Espinosa Ana , Lacour André , Heilmann‐Heimbach Stefanie , Alegret Montserrat , Hernández Isabel , Rosende‐Roca Maitée , Tárraga Lluís , Boada Mercè , Kornhuber Johannes , Peters Oliver , Frölich Lutz , Hüll Michael , Rüther Eckart , Wiltfang Jens , Scherer Martin , Riedel‐Heller Steffi , Jessen Frank , Nöthen Markus M. , Maier Wolfgang , Koene Ted , Scheltens Philip , Holstege Henne , Wagner Michael , Ruiz Agustín , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Becker Tim , Ramirez Alfredo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionWe evaluated the effect of Alzheimer's disease (AD) susceptibility loci on endophenotypes closely related with AD pathology in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsWe selected 1730 MCI patients from four independent data sets. Weighted polygenic risk scores (PGS) were constructed of 18 non‐apolipoprotein E (APOE) AD risk variants. In addition, we determined APOE genotype. AD endophenotypes were cognitive decline over time and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (aβ, tau, ptau).ResultsPGS was modestly associated with cognitive decline over time, as measured by mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) (β ± SE:−0.24 ± 0.10; P = .012), and with CSF levels of tau and ptau (tau: 1.38 ± 0.36, P = 1.21 × 10−4; ptau: 1.40 ± 0.36, P = 1.02 × 10−4).DiscussionIn MCI, we observed a joint effect of AD susceptibility loci on nonamyloid endophenotypes, suggesting a link of these genetic loci with neuronal degeneration in general rather than with Alzheimer‐related amyloid deposition.
Canadian Consensus Guidelines on Use of Amyloid Imaging in Canada: Update and Future Directions from the Specialized Task Force on Amyloid imaging in Canada
Authors: Laforce Robert , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Soucy Jean-Paul , Rabinovici Gil D. , Dubois Bruno , Gauthier S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) imaging of brain amyloid beta is now clinically available in several countries including the United States and the United Kingdom, but not Canada. It has become an established technique in the field of neuroimaging of aging and dementia, with data incorporated in the new consensus guidelines for the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease and predementia Alzheimer’s disease–related conditions. At this point, there are three US Food and Drug Administration– and European Union–approved tracers. Guided by appropriate use criteria developed in 2013 by the Alzheimer’s Association and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, the utility of amyloid imaging in medical practice is now supported by a growing body of research. In this paper, we aimed to provide an update on the 2012 Canadian consensus guidelines to dementia care practitioners on proper use of amyloid imaging. We also wished to generate momentum for the industry to submit a new drug proposal to Health Canada. A group of local, national, and international dementia experts and imaging specialists met to discuss scenarios in which amyloid PET could be used appropriately. Peer-reviewed and published literature between January 2004 and May 2015 was searched. Technical and regulatory considerations pertaining to Canada were considered. The results of a survey of current practices in Canadian dementia centers were considered. A set of specific clinical and research guidelines was agreed on that defines the types of patients and clinical circumstances in which amyloid PET could be used in Canada. Future research directions were also outlined, notably the importance of studies that would assess the pharmaco-economics of amyloid imaging.
Dynamic Changes in Clinical Characteristics During an Outbreak of Human Adenovirus Serotype 55 in China
Authors: Gao Hong-Wei , Wei Mao-Ti , Fan Hao-Jun , Ding Hui , Wei Wei , Liu Zi-Quan , Zhang Yong-Zhong , Lv Qi , Dong Wen-Long , Hou Shi-Ke 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine dynamic changes in clinical characteristics by examining an outbreak of adenovirus infection that occurred from December 20, 2012, to February 25, 2013, in Tianjin, China.MethodsActive surveillance for febrile respiratory illnesses was conducted, and medical records of patients were collected. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were used for pathogen identification and viral genome study, respectively. Student’s t-test was used to compare the mean values of normally distributed continuous variables. Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used if continuous variables were not normally distributed. Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical variables.ResultsThe outbreak was sourced from the index case diagnosed as the common cold on December 20, 2012; a total of 856 cases were reported in the following 66 days. The pathogen was identified as human adenovirus (HAdV) 55. The symptoms manifested differently in severe and mild cases. Routine blood examinations, liver function indexes, and heart function indexes showed different dynamic patterns over time in hospitalized patients.ConclusionsClinical characteristics and laboratory examinations may reveal unique patterns over the course of HAdV-55 infection. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:464–469)
Theory of mind in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia: correlations with clinical assessment and executive functions
Authors: Bourgou Soumaya , Halayem Soumeyya , Amado Isabelle , Triki Racha , Bourdel Marie Chantal , Franck Nicolas , Krebs Marie Odile , Tabbane Karim , Bouden Asma 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveWe examined Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) and their correlation with clinical findings and Executive Functions (EF).MethodsThe ToM abilities of 12 adolescents with EOS were compared with those of healthy participants matched in age and educational level. The Moving Shapes Paradigm was used to explore ToM abilities in three modalities: random movement, goal-directed movement and ToM – scored on the dimensions of intentionality, appropriateness and length of each answer. EF was tested using Davidson’s Battery and the clinical psychopathology with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).ResultsAdolescents with EOS were significantly more impaired than controls in the three dimensions evaluated for the goal-directed and ToM modalities. Regarding the random movement modality, the only difference was in appropriateness (p<0.01). No correlation with age or level of education was evident for ToM skills. Total PANSS score was negatively correlated with appropriateness score for the goal-directed (p=0.02) and ToM modalities (p=0.01). No correlation existed between performance in the ToM Animated Tasks and positive, negative or disorganisation PANSS subscores. No correlations were found among the three scores in the Moving Shapes Paradigm and any measures of the accuracy of the three tasks assessing EF.ConclusionOur results confirm previous findings of ToM deficits in adult individuals with schizophrenia and attest the severity of these deficits in patients with EOS.