bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hindbrain regional growth in preterm newborns and its impairment in relation to brain injury
Authors: Kim Hosung , Gano Dawn , Ho Mai‐Lan , Guo Xiaoyue M. , Unzueta Alisa , Hess Christopher , Ferriero Donna M. , Xu Duan , Barkovich A. James 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPremature birth globally affects about 11.1% of all newborns and is a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disability in surviving infants. Histology has suggested that hindbrain subdivisions grow differentially, especially in the third trimester. Prematurity‐related brain injuries occurring in this period may selectively affect more rapidly developing areas of hindbrain, thus accompanying region‐specific impairments in growth and ultimately neurodevelopmental deficits. The current study aimed to quantify regional growth of the cerebellum and the brainstem in preterm neonates (n = 65 with individually multiple scans). We probed associations of the regional volumes with severity of brain injury. In neonates with no imaging evidence of injury, our analysis using a mixed‐effect linear model showed faster growth in the pons and the lateral convexity of anterior/posterior cerebellar lobes. Different patterns of growth impairment were found in relation to early cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage and cerebellar hemorrhage (P < 0.05), likely explaining different mechanisms through which neurogenesis is disrupted. The pattern of cerebellar growth identified in our study agreed excellently with details of cerebellar morphogenesis in perinatal development, which has only been observed in histological data. Our proposed analytic framework may provide predictive imaging biomarkers for neurodevelopmental outcome, enabling early identification and treatment of high‐risk patients. Hum Brain Mapp 37:678–688, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Water isotope characteristics of a flood: Brisbane River, Australia
Authors: Adame Maria Fernanda , Fry Brian , Bunn Stuart E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFlooding associated with tropical storms can cause extreme perturbations in riverine and coastal ecosystems. Measuring isotope variability of tropical storm events can help investigate the impacts of flooding. We measured the water isotope composition (δD and δ18O) of rain and associated floodwater collected during two storms and subsequent major and minor flooding events in the subtropical coast of eastern Australia. Compared with baseline regional rainfall isotope values of −15.0 ± 1.9‰ for δD and −3.3 ± 0.2‰ for δ18O, floodwater had lower values with −33.8 ± 2.5‰ δD and −5.1 ± 0.4‰ δ18O for the major flood and −29.4 ± 1.0‰ δD and −4.6 ± 0.1‰ δ18O for the minor flood. The low isotope composition of the floodwater was associated with the transport of large quantities of suspended sediments, with sediment loads 30 to 70 times larger than during base flow conditions. Floods carried up to 35% of the annual phosphorus and up to 208% of the currently calculated average annual nitrogen load of the Brisbane River. The dramatic changes caused by a rapid increase in discharge from 2 to 2015 m3 s−1 over 2 days in the major flood would have major consequences in riverine and coastal ecosystems of the region. These changes could potentially be traced using the isotope composition of the floodwaters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations of FGF23 With Change in Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk in Older Individuals
Authors: Isakova Tamara , Cai Xuan , Lee Jungwha , Katz Ronit , Cauley Jane A , Fried Linda F , Hoofnagle Andrew N , Satterfield Suzanne , Harris Tamara B , Shlipak Michael G , Sarnak Mark J , Ix Joachim H ,   for the Health ABC Study
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Elevated levels of the phosphate-regulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) have been linked to greater risk of fractures in some studies, especially among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We evaluated FGF23 as a risk factor for bone loss and fractures in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study, which is a prospective biracial cohort of well-functioning adults aged 70 to 79 years recruited at two clinical centers in the United States. The sample for the bone mineral density (BMD) analyses consisted of 2234 participants who had at least two serial total hip areal BMD measures. The fracture analyses included 2786 participants, 567 of whom sustained a fracture during a median follow up of 4.95 years. Linear mixed-effects models were used for longitudinal measurements of total hip areal BMD and the proportional subdistribution hazard regression model subject to competing risks of death was used for risk of fracture. The median FGF23 was 46.7 (interquartile range [IQR] 36.7 to 60.2) pg/mL. The mean annualized percent change in total hip areal BMD did not vary significantly according to FGF23 quartile in all participants (p for trend = 0.70), but the effect was modified by CKD status (adjusted p for interaction &lt;0.001). Among participants with CKD, the unadjusted mean annualized percent change in total hip areal BMD was greater with higher levels of FGF23 (unadjusted p for trend = 0.02), but the trend was attenuated with adjustment for estimated glomerular filtration rate and parathyroid hormone (adjusted p for trend = 0.30). FGF23 was not significantly associated with fracture risk in crude (hazard ratio [HR] per doubling of FGF23, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.12) or adjusted models (HR per doubling of FGF23, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.22), and these findings were not modified by gender or CKD status. FGF23 levels are not associated with bone loss or fracture risk in older adults with low prevalence of CKD. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Evodiamine Suppresses ABCG2 Mediated Drug Resistance by Inhibiting p50/p65 NF‐κB Pathway in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sui Hua , Zhou Li‐Hong , Zhang Ya‐Li , Huang Jian‐Ping , Liu Xuan , Ji Qing , Fu Xiao‐Ling , Wen Hao‐Tian , Chen Zhe‐Sheng , Deng Wan‐Li , Zhu Hui‐Rong , Li Qi 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTEvodiamine (Evo), extracted from the Chinese herbal medicine Evodia rutaecarpa, has cytotoxic effects on different types of human cancer cells. However, its effects on drug resistance and their molecular mechanism and therapeutic target in colorectal cancer are not well understood. In the present study, we observed that Evo inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in adose‐and time‐dependent manner in HCT‐116/L‐OHP cells. Moreover, Evo treatment reduced Rhodamine 123 accumulation and ATPase activity in HCT‐116/L‐OHP cells, indicating that Evo decreased the efflux function in HCT‐116/L‐OHP cells. Interestingly, phosphorylation of NF‐κB pathway, particularly p50/p65, was also inhibited by Evo treatment. Furthermore the effect of Evo in reversing drug resistance and suppressing phosphorylation of NF‐κB pathway were attenuated after treatment with the NF‐κB activator (LPS). Additionally, Evo inhibited the tumor growth in a colorectal MDR cancer xenograft model and down regulated p‐NF‐κB level in vivo. Our study provided the first direct evidence that Evo can attenuate multidrug resistance by blocking p‐NF‐κB signaling pathway in human colorectal cancer. Evo could be a potential candidate for cancer chemotherapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1471–1481, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure of the lepidopteran proboscis in relation to feeding guild
Authors: Lehnert Matthew S. , Beard Charles E. , Gerard Patrick D. , Kornev Konstantin G. , Adler Peter H. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTMost butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) use modified mouthparts, the proboscis, to acquire fluids. We quantified the proboscis architecture of five butterfly species in three families to test the hypothesis that proboscis structure relates to feeding guild. We used scanning electron microscopy to elucidate the fine structure of the proboscis of both sexes and to quantify dimensions, cuticular patterns, and the shapes and sizes of sensilla and dorsal legulae. Sexual dimorphism was not detected in the proboscis structure of any species. A hierarchical clustering analysis of overall proboscis architecture reflected lepidopteran phylogeny, but did not produce a distinct group of flower visitors or of puddle visitors within the flower visitors. Specific characters of the proboscis, nonetheless, can indicate flower and nonflower visitors, such as the configuration of sensilla styloconica, width of the lower branches of dorsal legulae, presence or absence of dorsal legulae at the extreme apex, and degree of proboscis tapering. We suggest that the overall proboscis architecture of Lepidoptera reflects a universal structural organization that promotes fluid uptake from droplets and films. On top of this fundamental structural organization, we suggest that the diversity of floral structure has selected for structural adaptations that facilitate entry of the proboscis into floral tubes. J. Morphol. 277:167–182, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
mTOR inhibition by rapamycin protects against deltamethrin‐induced apoptosis in PC12 Cells
Authors: Park Yun Sun , Park Jae Hyeon , Ko Juyeon , Shin In Chul , Koh Hyun Chul 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe autophagy pathway can be induced and upregulated in response to intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we explored a novel pharmacotherapeutic approach involving the regulation of autophagy to prevent deltamethrin (DLM) neurotoxicity. We found that DLM‐induced apoptosis in PC12 cells, as demonstrated by the activation of caspase‐3 and ‐9 and by nuclear condensation. DLM treatment significantly decreased dopamine (DA) levels in PC12 cells. In addition, we observed that cells treated with DLM underwent autophagic cell death, by monitoring the expression of LC3‐II, p62, and Beclin‐1. Exposure of PC12 cells to DLM led to the production of ROS. Treatment with N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) effectively blocked both apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors attenuated apoptosis as well as autophagic cell death. We also investigated the modulation of DLM‐induced apoptosis in response to autophagy regulation. Pretreatment with the autophagy inducer, rapamycin, significantly enhanced the viability of DLM‐exposed cells, and this enhancement of cell viability was partially due to alleviation of DLM‐induced apoptosis via a decrease in levels of cleaved caspase‐3. However, pretreatment of cells with the autophagy inhibitor, 3‐methyladenine (3MA), significantly increased DLM toxicity in these cells. Our results suggest that DLM‐induced cytotoxicity is modified by autophagy regulation and that rapamycin protects against DLM‐induced apoptosis by enhancing autophagy. Pharmacologic induction of autophagy by rapamycin may be a useful treatment strategy in neurodegenerative disorders. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 109–121, 2017.
Adverse reproductive effects of maternal low‐dose melamine exposure during pregnancy in rats
Authors: Chu Ching Yan , Tang Ling Ying , Li Lu , Shum Alisa Sau Wun , Fung Kwok Pui , Wang Chi Chiu 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTMelamine is a heterocyclic, aromatic amine and nitrogen‐enriched environmental toxicant, found in not only adulterated foodstuffs but also industrial household tableware and paints. Previous studies demonstrated adverse effects of high‐dose melamine on human infants and pregnant animals, but effects of low‐dose melamine on pregnancy have not been reported. In this study, reproductive effects of low‐dose melamine were investigated in pregnant rats. Melamine in the range of 12.5–50 mg/kg was administered to pregnant rats at different gestational stages. Maternal weight gain was not significantly affected, and other maternal morbidity was not observed. Low‐dose melamine exposure during pregnancy increased fetal size but reduced somite number in gastrulation (GD8.5–GD10.5) and organogenesis (GD10.5–GD16.5) periods, and increased incidence of stillbirth in whole gestational period (GD0.5 to delivery). Embryotoxicity of melamine was further confirmed by whole embryo culture in vitro that melamine retarded embryonic growth, impaired development of brain and heart, and induced open neural tube and atrioventricular defects with increased apoptosis. In conclusion, adverse reproductive effects of low‐dose melamine during pregnancy were identified in the developing rat embryos and the perinatal effects of melamine were gestational and developmental stage dependent. Detailed hazard and risk assessment of melamine in reproduction system are warrant. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 131–138, 2017.
Exposure to the mixture of organophosphorus pesticides is embryotoxic and teratogenic on gestational rats during the sensitive period
Authors: Yu Yan , Yang Yuxuan , Zhao Xiaodan , Liu Xiaofei , Xue Jianjun , Zhang Jinghua , Yang Aimin 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTMixture of organophosphorus pesticides (MOPs) has been used worldwide to increase food production. The MOPs are harmful, and the exposure to them is both agricultural and nonagricultural through contaminated food. The neurotoxicity of MOPs has received more consideration recently due to the increased cases of malformed fetuses suspected to be caused by the MOPs exposure during gestation; however, relevant studies in animal model are rare. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis and demonstrated potential perinatal embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of MOPs exposure. As results, we found that MOPs decreased in utero fetal growth and alter the ratio of organs to whole body weight of the pregnant rats. MOPs also had been shown to disturb the balance of sex hormones and affect the reproduction of rats. Furthermore, we found various significantly elevated deformities in MOPs exposed embryos, confirming the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of maternal exposure to MOPs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 139–146, 2017.
Spatial capture–recapture models allowing Markovian transience or dispersal
Authors: Royle J. Andrew , Fuller Angela K. , Sutherland Chris 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSpatial capture–recapture (SCR) models are a relatively recent development in quantitative ecology, and they are becoming widely used to model density in studies of animal populations using camera traps, DNA sampling and other methods which produce spatially explicit individual encounter information. One of the core assumptions of SCR models is that individuals possess home ranges that are spatially stationary during the sampling period. For many species, this assumption is unlikely to be met and, even for species that are typically territorial, individuals may disperse or exhibit transience at some life stages. In this paper we first conduct a simulation study to evaluate the robustness of estimators of density under ordinary SCR models when dispersal or transience is present in the population. Then, using both simulated and real data, we demonstrate that such models can easily be described in the BUGS language providing a practical framework for their analysis, which allows us to evaluate movement dynamics of species using capture–recapture data. We find that while estimators of density are extremely robust, even to pathological levels of movement (e.g., complete transience), the estimator of the spatial scale parameter of the encounter probability model is confounded with the dispersal/transience scale parameter. Thus, use of ordinary SCR models to make inferences about density is feasible, but interpretation of SCR model parameters in relation to movement should be avoided. Instead, when movement dynamics are of interest, such dynamics should be parameterized explicitly in the model.
Interspecific hybridisation of cytoplasmic male-sterile rapeseed with Ogura cytoplasm and Brassica rapa var. pekinensis as a method to obtain male-sterile Chinese cabbage inbred lines
Authors: Kamiński Piotr , Podwyszyńska Małgorzata , Starzycki Michał , Starzycka-Korbas Elżbieta 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDuring 2011–2014, three self-compatible Chinese cabbage inbred lines (Brassica rapa, genome AA 2n = 20) were sexually hybridised with cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS Ogu-INRA) and fertile lines of rapeseed (Brassica napus var. oleifera, genome AACC 2n = 38). Interspecific F1 hybrids and their consecutive back-crosses (BCs) toward B. rapa were obtained, and their morphological and commercial characteristics, as well as their ability for generative propagation, were analysed. Cytometric and morphological analyses confirmed the interspecific character of the F1 hybrids in comparison with B. napus and B. rapa parental lines. All interspecific F1 hybrids had intermediate morphological characteristics typical of both parental components in the generative and vegetative stages. The F1 hybrids of CMS B. napus × B. rapa were sterile, as were those of fertile B. napus × B. rapa. Good seed productivity from CMS B. napus × B. rapa and consecutive back-cross 1 (BC1)–BC3 generations with Chinese cabbage as the recurrent parent was obtained. Plants of the BC1 generation of CMS B. napus × B. rapa were sterile and had highly diversified morphological characteristics, both in the vegetative and generative phases. The BC3 generation of CMS B. rapa was also sterile and more uniform than BC1, with good vigour and most of the typical Chinese cabbage agronomic traits. As a result, a collection of Chinese cabbage genotypes having the CMS trait, which is valuable for the breeding of commercial F1 hybrids, was obtained for the first time in Poland.
Brief report: Past, present, emergent and future identities of young inmates
Authors: Solomontos‐Kountouri Olga , Hatzittofi Panayiota 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThis study aims to investigate how young inmates integrate temporal and contextual elements of identity and what is the role of education in identity integration. Twenty‐six young inmates were interviewed. Thematic analysis revealed that inmates integrated the elements of four time identities using different mechanisms to deal with each identity: (a) Past identity (before imprisonment) is defined by cumulative risk factors, where detachment from family, society, and institutions prevails; (b) present identity is characterized by the engagement in prison's educational activities; (c) emergent identity (until their release) is characterized by their requests for a proper education and training and their commitment to acquire qualifications; (d) future identity (after their release) is characterized by the investment on future aims for personal growth, family, education/work and community. Inmates used the non‐formal educational program, which was offered in prison, as a vehicle towards positive identity contemplation.
The impact of antiphospholipid antibodies in children with lupus nephritis
Authors: Al-Mayouf Sulaiman M. , AlSaleem Alhanouf , Al-Hussain Turki , Al Sonbul Abdullah , AlMana Hadeel 
Published: November 2015

Background and objectives:
To evaluate the frequency of antiphospholipid anti-bodies (APLa) among patients with childhood lupus nephritis (cLN) and to assess their impact on long-term renal outcomes.

Design and setting:
This is an observational hospital based study.

Patients and methods:
Patients with cLN diagnosed by renal biopsy seen between January 2002 and June 2014 were included. APLa positivity was defined if detection was positive on 2 occa-sions 6-12 weeks apart during their follow up. Demographic features, age at disease onset, disease duration, follow-up duration and clinical and laboratory variables at the time of renal biopsy were collected. The renal biopsy was reviewed for the nephritis class, microthrombi, activity and chronicity indices. Renal outcome measures included the serum creatinine levels, protein/creatinine ratio and end stage renal disease (ESRD).

Results:
Fifty-nine, (49 female) patients with a mean age of 19.8 years and mean disease dura-tion of 6.8 years were involved. APLa were detected in 46 (78%) patients. Twenty-two patients had class IV nephritis, which was more prevalent in APLa positive patients. The frequencies of class III and V nephritis was similar in 10 patients in each class (7 patients in each class with APLa). The presence of APLa did not correlate with nephritis activity or the chronicity indices. Microthrombosis was found in 10 patients, and 8 of them had APLa. Patients with APLa had a higher frequency of elevated serum creatinine and hypertension, 9 developed ESRD, and 7 had APLa. There was no statistically significant association between the presence of APLa and the accrual damage index and clinical manifestations. Furthermore, there was no association be-tween APLa and other autoantibodies.

Conclusion:
The frequency of APLa in cLN was high. While the association is not statistically significant, APLa positive patients tend to develop renal microthrombi and are probably at higher risk of ESRD.
The Effect of Body Mass Index on Fluoroscopic Time and Radiation Dose During Sacroiliac Joint Injections
Authors: Cushman Daniel , Flis Alexandra , Jensen Ben , McCormick Zachary 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundSacroiliac joint (SIJ) injections are commonly performed under fluoroscopic guidance. Radiation exposure to patients and providers has not been comprehensively studied, particularly the effect of body mass index (BMI).ObjectiveTo identify whether patients with a larger BMI require longer fluoroscopy time or a larger radiation dose during performance of an SIJ injection.DesignRetrospective study of an academic institution database.SettingAcademic outpatient musculoskeletal clinic.PatientsAll patients who underwent SIJ injections during a 10‐year period.Main Outcome MeasurementsMachine‐reported fluoroscopic time and machine‐reported radiation dose. A Bonferroni correction was implemented with P ≤ .01 as statistically significant.ResultsA total of 453 SIJ injections were performed in 359 patients. No statistically significant differences in fluoroscopy time were found between patients with BMI scores identified as normal, overweight, and obese (P = .054). However, the radiation doses were significantly greater for patients with higher BMI scores (χ2 [2, n = 441] = 62.4, P < .001); the median (interquartile range) doses were 1210 (839), 1671 (1240), and 2090 (2170) mGy‐cm2 for normal weight, overweight, and obese patients, respectively. Although longer needles were used more often in obese patients (χ2 [2, n = 452] = 31.5, P < .001), fluoroscopy time was not associated with needle length (P = .162). No relationships were identified between fluoroscopy time and first‐time (as opposed to repeat) injection (P = .123), trainee involvement (χ2 [1, n = 698] = 3.9, P = .049), or age (P = .337).ConclusionsPatients with an elevated BMI score who are undergoing SIJ injection receive an increased radiation dose despite equivalent fluoroscopic time. This finding suggests that the increased dose is likely due to x‐ray output from the fluoroscope traversing a greater tissue mass, as opposed to the physician requiring more fluoroscopic images for proper needle placement. Fortunately, the increased radiation dose delivered to patients with a larger BMI score likely has negligible effects.