bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective treatment by glycolic acid peeling for cutaneous manifestation of familial generalized acanthosis nigricans caused by FGFR3 mutation
Authors: Ichiyama S. , Funasaka Y. , Otsuka Y. , Takayama R. , Kawana S. , Saeki H. , Kubo A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundAcanthosis nigricans (AN) can occur as a cutaneous manifestation of genetic diseases, one of which is associated with activating mutations of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene (FGFR3).ObjectiveWe explored familial AN patients with FGFR3 mutations and examined the effectiveness of glycolic acid (GA) peeling in improving their skin manifestations.MethodsSanger sequencing was performed for the genomic DNA extracted from leucocytes of the family members involving familial AN. GA peeling was carried out for the two patients of familial AN once every 2 weeks.ResultsHeterozygous c.1949A>C (p.K650T) mutation in FGFR3 was identified for the affected family members examined, whereas the wild‐type sequence was found for two unaffected individuals. Hyperpigmentation and coarseness of the skin were improved by GA peeling at regular intervals with few adverse effects.ConclusionWe diagnosed our cases as familial generalized AN caused by heterozygous c.1949A>C (p.K650T) mutation of FGFR3. We propose that GA peeling is a useful and safe therapeutic option to treat familial AN.
Endoscopic prediction of recurrence in patients with early gastric cancer after margin‐negative endoscopic resection
Authors: Na Hee Kyong , Choi Kee Don , Ahn Ji Yong , Lee Jeong Hoon , Kim Do Hoon , Song Ho June , Lee Gin Hyug , Jung Hwoon‐Yong , Kim Jin‐Ho 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough follow‐up endoscopy is routinely performed after endoscopic resection (ER) for early gastric cancer (EGC), it remains unclear whether resection scar biopsies should also be taken. This study sought to predict local recurrence at the ER scar on the basis of endoscopic criteria after margin‐negative EGC resection and to determine the necessity of taking scar biopsies.MethodsAll consecutive patients with EGC who underwent margin‐negative ER in June 1995 to December 2011 and developed recurrence at the scar were identified. Each case was matched by four controls with EGC and margin‐negative ER but without local recurrence for age, sex, and en‐bloc resectability (en‐bloc vs. piecemeal resection). Endoscopic data were reviewed by consensus of two endoscopists. Key endoscopic criteria were gross morphology (evenly elevated, unevenly elevated, and flat), hyperemic change, mucosal defect, and spontaneous bleeding.ResultsOf 3037 cases, which underwent margin‐negative ER, 22 developed local recurrence (mean age, 63.8 years; 72.9% male). En‐bloc resection was achieved in 20 of the 22 (90.9%). Flat endoscopic morphology without hyperemic changes predicted non‐recurrence at the scar with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 95.5%, 68.2%, 2.6%, 99.94%, and 73.6%, respectively. For patients who underwent en‐bloc resection for differentiated EGC, these values were 100%, 71.4%, 3.0%, 100%, and 75.8%, respectively.ConclusionsRoutine follow‐up biopsies may be unnecessary when follow‐up endoscopy reveals flat mucosa without hyperemic changes at the scar, especially for en‐bloc resected and differentiated EGCs.
Investigating the debate of home birth safety: A critical review of cohort studies focusing on selected infant outcomes
Authors: Elder Heather R. , Alio Amina P. , Fisher Susan G. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimThere is a debate within the medical community regarding the safety of planned home births. The presumption of increased risk of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality at home due to limited access to life‐saving interventions is not clearly supported by research. The aim of the present study was to assess strengths and limitations of the methodological approaches of cohort studies that compare home births with hospital births by focusing on selected infant outcomes.MethodsStudies were identified that assess the risk for at least one of three infant outcomes (mortality, Apgar score, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit [NICU]) of home births compared with hospital births.ResultsFifteen cohort studies were included. Two studies of low‐risk births and two including higher risk births found home births to be at an increased risk of neonatal mortality. However, mortality is rare in developed nations and may not be the best measure of safety. When studies focused on low‐risk pregnancies, planned birth location, and well‐trained birth attendants, there was no difference in neonatal morbidity (Apgar score and NICU admission).ConclusionMany methodological challenges were identified among these studies. This review contributes to the home birth published work by identifying key strengths and limitations that need to be accounted for in the interpretation of study findings and the development of future studies. Based on this review, the key variables that would strengthen future studies are birth attendant identification, documented planned birth location, and specification of the birth risk level. Uniformity of data collection and minimizing missing data are also critical.
Prefrailty in community‐dwelling older adults is associated with nutrition status
Authors: Chang Shu‐Fang , Lin Pei‐Ling 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesThis study investigated the differences of demographic characteristics and nutrition status between prefrail and nonfrail older adults. Meanwhile, the factors related to the nutrition status of community‐dwelling older adults were also studied.BackgroundThe World Health Organisation has actively developed prevention programmes to address geriatric frailty. However, few previous studies have focused on the relationship between prefrailty and nutrition status.DesignThis study adopted a cross‐sectional and correlational research design.MethodsCommunity‐dwelling older adults were recruited for this study. The participants’ nutrition status was assessed using the Mini‐Nutritional Assessment tool, and their frailty status was evaluated based on the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures indicators. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures criteria comprise the following three items: >5% loss in total body weight within one year; inability to rise five times from a chair without assistance and a self‐reported lack of energy. Inclusion criteria were age ≥65 years, living independently at home and exhibiting neither mental impairment nor acute disease.ResultsData were gathered from 152 participants; most were men, lived alone and had a level of education lower than elementary school. Multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the association between variables and nutritional status, the results of which revealed that prefrailty and body mass index were independently related to the participants’ nutrition status.ConclusionsThe results showed that nutritional assessment can be employed with community‐dwelling older adults. In particular, prefrailty and body mass index were key factors that affected nutritional status in older adults.Relevance to clinical practiceCommunity nurses must understand the risk factors related to nutritional status in community‐dwelling older people. If nurses use this approach, prefrail older adults are likely to experience improved confidence in maintaining their health and a decreased incidence of frailty and malnutrition.
Developing Evidence‐Based Practice questionnaire for community health nurses: reliability and validity of a Spanish adaptation
Authors: Zabaleta‐del‐Olmo Edurne , Subirana‐Casacuberta Mireia , Ara‐Pérez Ana , Escuredo‐Rodríguez Bibiana , Ríos‐Rodríguez María Ángeles , Carrés‐Esteve Lourdes , Jodar‐Solà Glòria , Lejardi‐Estevez Yolanda , Nuix‐Baqué Núria , Aguas‐Lluch Asunción , Ondiviela‐Cariteu Àngels , Blanco‐Sánchez Rafaela , Rosa García‐Cerdán María , Contel‐Segura Juan Carlos , Jurado‐Campos Jeroni , Juvinyà‐Canal Dolors 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesThis study aimed to translate the community nursing version of the Developing Evidence‐Based Practice questionnaire, adapt the Spanish translation to the primary care context in Spain, and evaluate its reliability and validity.BackgroundInstruments available in Spanish to date are not designed to rigorously evaluate barriers and incentives associated with evidence‐based practice implementation in community health nursing.DesignClassical Test Theory approach.MethodsThe 49‐item Developing Evidence‐Based Practice questionnaire was translated, back‐translated and pilot‐tested. Two items were added to assess respondents’ ability to read and understand the English language. During the first six months of 2010, 513 nurses from 255 primary health care centres in Catalunya (Spain) voluntarily participated in the study. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were evaluated. Internal structure was analysed by principal component analysis. A randomized, controlled, parallel‐design study was carried out to test scores’ sensitivity to change with two groups, intervention and control. The intervention consisted of eight hours of in‐person training, provided by experts in evidence‐based practice.ResultsOf 513 nurses, 445 (86·7%) nurses responded to all 51 items. Factor analysis showed six components that explained 51% of the total variance. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were satisfactory (Cronbach α and intraclass correlation coefficients >0·70). A total of 93 nurses participated in the sensitivity‐to‐change tests (42 in the intervention group, 51 controls). After the training session, overall score and the ‘skills for evidence‐based practice’ component score showed a medium (Cohend = 0·69) and large effect (Cohend = 0·86), respectively.ConclusionsThe Developing Evidence‐Based Practice questionnaire adapted to community health nursing in the primary care setting in Spain has satisfactory psychometric properties.Relevance to clinical practiceThe Developing Evidence‐Based Practice questionnaire is a useful tool for planning and evaluating the implementation of evidence‐based practice in community health nursing.
Clinical and urodynamic effects of baclofen in women with functional bladder outlet obstruction: Preliminary report
Authors: Chen Chi‐Hau , Hsiao Sheng‐Mou , Chang Ting‐Chen , Wu Wen‐Yih , Lin Ho‐Hsiung 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate the efficacy and urodynamic effects of baclofen in women with functional bladder outlet obstruction.MethodsBetween January 2011 and December 2012, women who underwent baclofen treatment for functional bladder outlet obstruction, defined as <15 mL/s maximum flow rate and >20 cmH2O detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate, but without significant anatomic causes, were retrospectively reviewed. Urodynamic variables at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment were compared.ResultsTwenty women with functional bladder outlet obstruction underwent 12 weeks of baclofen treatment (oral baclofen 5 mg, three times daily). All patients reported improvement in voiding dysfunction symptoms after treatment, and no significant adverse effects were found on review of medical records. All patients underwent urodynamic studies after 12 weeks’ treatment. Voided volume, voiding efficiency and maximum flow rate at voiding cystometry were significantly improved (mean, 273 vs. 368 mL, P = 0.002; 62.8% vs. 73.6%, P <0.001, and 10.3 vs. 11.6 mL/s, P = 0.046; respectively). Moreover, baclofen did not affect continence function, as indicated by non‐significant changes in the parameters of urethral pressure profiles.ConclusionsOral baclofen can improve symptoms of voiding dysfunction, voided volume, voiding efficiency and maximum flow rate in women with functional bladder outlet obstruction. None of the patients experienced intolerable side‐effects. Thus, oral baclofen may be used as an initial treatment for women with symptoms of voiding dysfunction.
Thymol accelerates the recovery of the skeletal muscle of mice injured with cardiotoxin
Authors: Cardoso Eroneide S B , Santana Tayse A , Diniz Polyana Borges França , Montalvão Monalisa M , Bani Cristiane C , Thomazzi Sara M 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of thymol in in vivo muscle inflammation and regeneration on cardiotoxin-induced injury.

Methods
Mice were pretreated (p.o.) with thymol (10–100 mg/kg), and after 1 h, cardiotoxin (25 μM, 40 μl) was administrated into the gastrocnemius muscle. The quantification of the areas of inflammation and regeneration of muscle tissue (3, 7 and 10 days) in HE-stained slides as well as the count of total mast cells and different phenotypes of mast cells were made. Sirius red staining was used to analyse total collagen expression.

Key findings
The pretreatment with thymol significantly reduced the area of inflammation (30 and 100 mg/kg) and increased the area of regeneration (100 mg/kg) 3 days after the cardiotoxin injection. Thymol at 30 and 100 mg/kg increased the area of collagen in 3 days and also decreased this area in 7 and 10 days, compared to the injured group. The pretreatment with thymol did not affect the number of total mast cells; however, it was able to change the number of mucosal mast cells within 10 days.

Conclusions
This study suggests that thymol ameliorates inflammatory response and accelerates regeneration in cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury.
Moderately elevated maternal homocysteine at preconception is inversely associated with cognitive performance in children 4  months and 6  years after birth.
Authors: Murphy Michelle M. , Fernandez‐Ballart Joan D. , Molloy Anne M. , Canals Josefa 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPrenatal methyl donor deficiency leads to homocysteine accumulation in the brain and impaired neurodevelopment in rats. We investigated the effect of moderately elevated preconception fasting total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) on child neurodevelopment in a prospective study of 67 and 76 mother–child pairs at 4 months and 6 years of age, respectively. Fasting blood samples at 2–10 weeks preconception, from the cord (nonfasting) and the mother and child 6 years after birth, were collected. Psychomotor and mental development were assessed at 4 months using the Bayley Scale of Infant Development (BSID) and cognitive development at 6 years using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI). Highest tertile preconception tHcy (≥9.04 µmol/L) was categorized as moderately elevated and low‐mid tertile tHcy as normal. Children, born to mothers with moderately elevated compared to normal preconception tHcy, scored lower [mean (95% CI)] in the BSID psychomotor [115 (105, 124) vs. 126 (121, 130), p = 0.03] and mental [101 (93, 109) vs. 113 (107, 119), p = 0.03] development tests. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that moderately elevated compared to normal preconception tHcy was associated with greater probability, OR (95%CI), of scoring in the lowest tertile for BSID psychomotor development (≤120): 4.0 (1.1, 14.3) and lowest tertiles for WPPSI full (≤111), verbal (≤104) and performance (≤111), intellectual quotient: 6.0 (1.5, 23.7), 3.5 (1.1, 11.2) and 4.1 (1.1, 15.7), respectively. We conclude that moderately elevated preconception tHcy is inversely associated with psychomotor and cognitive development scores in infants and children.
Scope for genetic rescue of an endangered subspecies though re‐establishing natural gene flow with another subspecies
Authors: Harrisson Katherine A. , Pavlova Alexandra , Gonçalves da Silva Anders , Rose Rebecca , Bull James K. , Lancaster Melanie L. , Murray Neil , Quin Bruce , Menkhorst Peter , Magrath Michael J. L. , Sunnucks Paul 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGenetic diversity is positively linked to the viability and evolutionary potential of species but is often compromised in threatened taxa. Genetic rescue by gene flow from a more diverse or differentiated source population of the same species can be an effective strategy for alleviating inbreeding depression and boosting evolutionary potential. The helmeted honeyeater Lichenostomus melanops cassidix is a critically endangered subspecies of the common yellow‐tufted honeyeater. Cassidix has declined to a single wild population of ~130 birds, despite being subject to intensive population management over recent decades. We assessed changes in microsatellite diversity in cassidix over the last four decades and used population viability analysis to explore whether genetic rescue through hybridization with the neighbouring Lichenostomus melanops gippslandicus subspecies constitutes a viable conservation strategy. The contemporary cassidix population is characterized by low genetic diversity and effective population size (Ne < 50), suggesting it is vulnerable to inbreeding depression and will have limited capacity to evolve to changing environments. We find that gene flow from gippslandicus to cassidix has declined substantially relative to pre‐1990 levels and argue that natural levels of gene flow between the two subspecies should be restored. Allowing gene flow (~4 migrants per generation) from gippslandicus into cassidix (i.e. genetic rescue), in combination with continued annual release of captive‐bred cassidix (i.e. demographic rescue), should lead to positive demographic and genetic outcomes. Although we consider the risk of outbreeding depression to be low, we recommend that genetic rescue be managed within the context of the captive breeding programme, with monitoring of outcomes.
From barcodes to genomes: extending the concept of DNA barcoding
Authors: Coissac Eric , Hollingsworth Peter M. , Lavergne Sébastien , Taberlet Pierre 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDNA barcoding has had a major impact on biodiversity science. The elegant simplicity of establishing massive scale databases for a few barcode loci is continuing to change our understanding of species diversity patterns, and continues to enhance human abilities to distinguish among species. Capitalizing on the developments of next generation sequencing technologies and decreasing costs of genome sequencing, there is now the opportunity for the DNA barcoding concept to be extended to new kinds of genomic data. We illustrate the benefits and capacity to do this, and also note the constraints and barriers to overcome before it is truly scalable. We advocate a twin track approach: (i) continuation and acceleration of global efforts to build the DNA barcode reference library of life on earth using standard DNA barcodes and (ii) active development and application of extended DNA barcodes using genome skimming to augment the standard barcoding approach.
Endosperm‐based postzygotic hybridization barriers: developmental mechanisms and evolutionary drivers
Authors: Lafon‐Placette Clément , Köhler Claudia 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe endosperm is a nourishing tissue that serves to support embryo growth. Failure of endosperm development will ultimately cause embryo arrest and seed lethality, a phenomenon that is frequently observed upon hybridization of related plant species or species that differ in ploidy. Endosperm‐based interspecies or interploidy hybridization barriers depend on the direction of the hybridization, causing nonreciprocal seed defects. This reveals that the parental genomes are not equivalent, implicating parent‐of‐origin specific genes generating this type of hybridization barrier. Recent work revealed that endosperm‐based hybridization barriers are rapidly evolving. In this review, we discuss the developmental mechanisms causing hybrid seed lethality in angiosperms as well as the evolutionary forces establishing endosperm‐based postzygotic hybridization barriers.
Sperm dispersal distances estimated by parentage analysis in a brooding scleractinian coral
Authors: Warner Patricia A. , Willis Bette L. , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWithin populations of brooding sessile corals, sperm dispersal constitutes the mechanism by which gametes interact and mating occurs, and forms the first link in the network of processes that determine specieswide connectivity patterns. However, almost nothing is known about sperm dispersal for any internally fertilizing coral. In this study, we conducted a parentage analysis on coral larvae collected from an area of mapped colonies, to measure the distance sperm disperses for the first time in a reef‐building coral and estimated the mating system characteristics of a recently identified putative cryptic species within the Seriatopora hystrix complex (ShA; Warner et al. 2015). We defined consensus criteria among several replicated methods (colony 2.0, cervus 3.0, mltr v3.2) to maximize accuracy in paternity assignments. Thirteen progeny arrays indicated that this putative species produces exclusively sexually derived, primarily outcrossed larvae (mean tm = 0.999) in multiple paternity broods (mean rp = 0.119). Self‐fertilization was directly detected at low frequency for all broods combined (2.8%), but comprised 23% of matings in one brood. Although over 82% of mating occurred between colonies within 10 m of each other (mean sperm dispersal = 5.5 m ± 4.37 SD), we found no evidence of inbreeding in the established population. Restricted dispersal of sperm compared to slightly greater larval dispersal appears to limit inbreeding among close relatives in this cryptic species. Our findings establish a good basis for further work on sperm dispersal in brooding corals and provide the first information about the mating system of a newly identified and abundant cryptic species.
Resourcing the clinical complementary medicine information needs of Australian medical students: Results of a grounded theory study
Authors: Templeman Kate , Robinson Anske , McKenna Lisa 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify Australian medical students’ complementary medicine information needs. Thirty medical students from 10 medical education faculties across Australian universities were recruited. Data were generated using in‐depth semi‐structured interviews and constructivist grounded theory method was used to analyze and construct data. Students sought complementary medicine information from a range of inadequate sources, such as pharmacological texts, Internet searches, peer‐reviewed medical journals, and drug databases. The students identified that many complementary medicine resources may not be regarded as objective, reliable, differentiated, or comprehensive, leaving much that medical education needs to address. Most students sought succinct, easily accessible, evidence‐based information to inform safe and appropriate clinical decisions about complementary medicines. A number of preferred resources were identified that can be recommended and actively promoted to medical students. Therefore, specific, evidence‐based complementary medicine databases and secondary resources should be subscribed and recommended to medical schools and students, to assist meeting professional responsibilities regarding complementary medicines. These findings may help inform the development of appropriate medical information resources regarding complementary medicines.
International R&D Collaboration and Strategic Trade Policy
Authors: Dong Baomin , Song Huasheng , Qian Xiaolin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe study an international trade model with symmetric countries and symmetric firms, with countries making strategic trade policies, anticipating the decisions of firms on R&D collaboration at the subsequent stage. In general we should observe a conflict between the equilibrium outcome and the efficient one. We find that an asymmetric outcome where one country unilaterally liberalizes trade while the other does not is likely to occur. We also find that while banning international R&D collaboration may help to reach free trade equilibrium in certain situations, it provides little assistance in reaching the outcome that maximizes global welfare.