bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Selected Foliar Applied Insecticides on Potato Leafhopper in Virginia-Type Peanut, 1997
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Selected foliar applied insecticides were evaluated against PLH in Virginia-type peanut. ‘VA-C 92R’ peanut was planted on a producer’s farm in Isle of Wight County, VA using 36-inch row spacing. Foliar treatments were applied on 31 Jul as a full-coverage spray with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gpa at 50 psi through three D2-13 hollow-cone nozzles per row, one over the top and one on each side of each row. A RCB design was used with 4 replicates. Plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. PLH were sampled by making 5 sweeps per plot with a 15-cm-diameter sweep net and counting numbers of captured adults and nymphs. The pre-treatment sample was not taken on each plot, but was comprised of 20 random 5-sweep samples distributed throughout the planned test area. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Dimilin, 1997
Authors: Bernhardt J.L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Plot size was 9 rows (7-inch spacing) by 20 ft. Each plot was bound by levees. Rice was drill seeded in Crowley silt loam at 90 lb/acre on 8 May and emerged on 20 May. Propanil (Stam 4 E) and thiobencarb (Bolero 8 E) at 4 and 2 lb (AI)/acre, respectively, were applied for weed control on 6 Jun. Nitrogen was applied in a 3-way split of 75 lb N/acre as urea on 22 Jun and 30 lb N/acre on 11 and 22 Jul. Permanent flood was established on 22 Jun. All treatments of Dimilin were made with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer at 18 gpa. Furadan 3 G was applied 15 d after permanent flood (dapf) with a hand-shaker. On 14 and 15 Jul and on 21 and 22 Jul five 4 X 4-inch (diam by depth) soil cores with an average of 4 plants/core were removed from plots. Soil was washed from the plant roots into a 40-mesh screen. The screen was immersed in salt water and RWW immatures were removed. Plots were harvested with a Yanmar combine on 18 Sep. Reported yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Data was analyzed with ANOVA and means separated by LSD.
Control of Rice Water Weevil and Rice Stalk Borer with Fipronil, 1997
Authors: Bernhardt J.L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This was a non-replicated trial with 4 treatments for experimental use permit. Whole-plot size was 3 acres for each treatment. Whole plots were divided into 3 subplots each with 55 ft X 665 ft of planted area. Each subplot was bound by levees. Fipronil 80 WP was tank mixed with water and applied preplant on 23 May by a tractormounted sprayer delivering 10.3 gpa. The insecticide was incorporated with a field cultivator set at a 2-3-inch depth. Foundation rice seed was treated with fipronil 75 FS by Celpril Industries (Manteca, CA). Treated and untreated foundation seed rice was drill seeded in Crowley silt loam at 90 lb/acre (6-inch row spacing) on 23 May and emerged on 29 May. Subplots were temporarily flooded (flushed) on 12-13 Jun to facilitate growth. Thiobencarb (Bolero 8 E), quinclo-rac (Facet 75 DF), and propanil (Stam 4 E) at 3, 0.33, and 1 lb (AI)/acre, respectively, were applied by aircraft for weed control on 2 Jun. Also, propanil at 3 lb (AI)/acre was applied by aircraft on 24 Jun. Permanent flood was established on 24-25 Jun. Furadan 3 G was applied by aircraft on 9 Jul, 14 d after permanent flood. On 17 Jul and 30 Aug, six 4 X 4 inch (diam by depth) soil cores with an average of 6 plants/core were removed from each subplot. Soil was washed from the plant roots into a 40-mesh screen. The screen was immersed in salt water and RWW immatures were removed and counted. In each treatment, 1,330 ft along the edge of subplots was examined for the presence of rice whiteheads with blank florets. Stems of whiteheads were examined for the presence of RSB immatures or for evidence of their presence. Whole subplots were harvested with a combine on 3 and 6 Oct. Recorded yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Data were analyzed with a 1-way ANOVA and means separated with LSD
Evaluation of Karate for Rice Water Weevil (RWW) Control, 1995
Authors: Muegge M. A. , Barbour J. D. , Rice W. C. , Bollich P. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Karate was evaluated for control of rice water weevil at the Rice Research Station, Crowley, LA. Collectively levied plots, 5 X 20 ft, were arranged in a RBD with 4 blocks and 8 treatments with sub-sample nesting within the block X treatment effect. Fertilizer was incorporated pre-plant and applied broadcast 3 wk post-flood at 90 lb (13-13-13) and 50 lb (21-0-0) N-P-K/acre, respectively. Plots were water seeded 29 May with pre-soaked ‘Cyprus’ rice at 138 lb seed/acre to Crowley silt loam and permanently flooded 8 Jun. Foliar applications of Karate were applied at 0.3 lb (AI)/acre. Furadan 3 G was applied at RWW threshold (5 larvae/sample) at 0.6 lb (AI)/acre using a hand-held shaker. Karate applications were made using a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 15 gpa at 16 psi with 80015VS flat-fan spray nozzles on a 3 ft boom. RWW eggs were counted from 5 randomly selected plants per plot beginning 2 d post-flood then weekly until RWW threshold. Three randomly selected soil samples per plot were taken 26 Jun, and 3 and 11 Jul using a 4 X 4 in core sampler. Individual samples were washed through a funnel, fitted with wire screen, into a 35-mesh screen sieve. Collected rice water weevil larvae and pupae were floated in a saturated NaCl solution, and counted. Rough rice yield (lb/acre) was determined by hand-harvesting one random 3-ft2 sample per plot on 19 Sep. Moisture content of harvested grain was determined and standardized to 12% for determination of rough rice yield. All data were subjected to ANOVA. Experimental and sampling error terms for the RWW larval data were tested for homogeneity of variances, and pooled error terms were used to test the treatment effect when appropriate. Protected least significant differences (LSD) was used for treatment mean separation.
Control of Rice Stink Bug with Selected Insecticides, 1997
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Plot size was 25 ft X 6.5 ft of heading (milk stage) rice. On 4 Aug, selected plots were treated with EXP 61096A 100 EC, Sevin XLR Plus, Fury, and Karate at the rates shown in the table. Insecticides were applied with a 4 nozzle (800067 tip size, 50 mesh screens), hand-held spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 12 gpa. Immediately after application and 24 h, 72 h, and 7 d after application, 4 panicles were randomly removed from each plot. Immediately after removal, severed panicles were transported to a greenhouse maintained at 31° C, 70% relative humidity, and 12 h light: 12 h dark. Each set of 4 panicles was caged in a transparent plastic cylinder ventilated with screen windows and a screen top. The severed ends of the panicles were inserted in moist sand contained in a styrofoam cup. The bottom of the cage was secured in the moist sand. Once panicles and cages were in place, each cage was infested with 10 adult RSB collected by sweep net from untreated rice. Forty-eight h after infestation, cages were inspected for live and dead insects. Data was expressed as % mortality which was transformed using arcsine. Transformed data were then analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and means separated by DMRT.
Evaluation of Application Method for Aphid Control by Imidacloprid on Connecticut Broadleaf Tobacco, 1997
Authors: LaMondia James A. , Rathier Thomas M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Preplant broadcast, transplant, or band application at cultivation of Admire 2°F (imidacloprid) treatments were evaluated for tobacco aphid control at the CT Agricultural Expt. Station Valley Laboratory in Windsor CT. Admire 2°F was applied at 0.11 lb (AI)/acre (1 oz per 1000 plants based on 6,800 plants/acre) for all treatments. The soil was an Entic Haplorthod (71.8% sand, 23.0% silt, 5.2% clay, pH = 6.0 and OM = 4.0%). On 29 May, plots were fertilized with 145 lb N/acre of cottonseed meal-based 10-8-10. On 2 Jun, plots were treated with Lorsban 4 E at 1.5 lb (AI)/acre and Ridomil 2 E at 1 lb (AI)/acre and spiked. On 9 Jun, preplant Admire was broadcast to appropriate plots in a 39-inch swath using a TeeJet 8004 E nozzle at 18 to 20 psi and spiked to incorporate. Tobacco was transplanted on 10 Jun to rows 39 in apart with a 2-ft spacing within rows. There were 6 replicates of 2-row plots for each treatment (10 by 20-ft). Plots were separated by an umplanted border row. Plots were irrigated 10 Jun and 15 Jun with 0.5 and 0.4 inches water. Admire 2°F was applied on 11 Jun as a soil drench using a backpack sprayer with a TeeJet TG-3 nozzle at 15 psi to apply 20 ml/plant in 2 10-ml applications 2 cm to either side of plants. Admire 2°F was band applied at sidedress at 70 gpa to appropriate plots on 20 Jun (with 59 lb N/acre) or 30 Jun (with 69 lb N/acre) to 6 inches on either side of rows using a backpack sprayer with a TeeJet 8004-E nozzle and incorporated by mechanical cultivation. One leaf each from 10 plants per row was rated for apterous tobacco aphids on 23 Jul, 29 Jul, 7 Aug, and 14 Aug (scale: 0 = no aphids or winged only; 1 = 1 aphid per leaf; 2 = 2-10 aphids 3 = 11-100 aphids and 4 = more than 100 aphids per leaf). Treatments were compared within dates by the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis Test and the Bonferroni Test. Ten plants per plot were stalk cut and weighed on 19 Aug.
Insect Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Systemic Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Wilkinson William B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at the Southern Piedmont Agric. Res. and Ext. Cntr., Blackstone, VA to evaluate TA and TFB control on fluecured tobacco with various systemic insecticides applied as soil or transplant water treatments and to determine the impact of these treatments on tobacco yield. Twelve treatments and an untreated check were established in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plots, 4 X 40 ft (1 row X 24 plants), were separated by single guard rows. Pre-transplant soil treatments of all liquid formulations except Furadan were broadcast with a CO2-pressurized tractor sprayer that delivered 32 gpa at 30 psi through 8003 LP tips on 3 May (Ambient temperature 74-76 °F, soil temperature, 70 °F; soil pH, 5.7; OM, &lt;2%). Treatments were immediately incorporated by double disking. Band applications of Furadan and Temik were made during bed formation and immediately covered with 6 to 8 inch of soil on 8 May. Furadan 4°F band treatments were applied in a 12-inch band using a COz-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 16 gpa through an 8003 E tip at 30 psi. Temik was applied in a 14-inch band using a tractor mounted-Gandy granular applicator. The soil was in excellent condition for both the pre-transplant soil and bedding treatments. ‘Coker 371Gold’ fluecured tobacco was transplanted into experimental plots in a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil on 20 May. A measuring cup was used to apply transplant water (TPW) treatments of Orthene and Admire in 4 fl oz/plant (204 gpa) at the base of each plant in the treatment plots. Except for insect control, production practices followed Virginia Cooperative Extension recommendations. Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis) was applied for tobacco budworm and tobacco hornworm control on 26 Jun and 8 Aug. The foliar application of Orthene were applied on 5 Jul and Aug with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 28 gpa through 3 TX-12 tips at 60 psi. TA populations were estimated on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants/plot about once a week from 5 to 9 wk after transplanting. On 25 Aug, TA damage was rated on a scale of 0 to 10: 0 = no signs of aphid damage; 10 = very severe necrosis of leaves and extensive sooty mold. TFB feeding holes were counted on 5 plants/plot at 2 and 5 wk after transplanting. Tobacco was harvested and cured and yield was determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated. Aphid count data were transformed to log)0 (x + 1) before analysis. Actual means are presented in the table. Admire TOW gave the best seasonlong control of TA. The Temik and Temik + Mocap GEL treatment
Insect Control of Flue-Cured Tobacco with Systemic Insecticides, 1997
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Wilkinson William B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at the Southern Piedmont Agric. Res. and Ext. Cntr., Blackstone, VA to evaluate TA and TFB control on flue-cured tobacco with various systemic insecticides applied as soil or transplant water treatments and to determine the impact of these treatments on tobacco yield. Thirteen treatments and an untreated check were established in a RCB design with 4 replications in a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil. Plots, 4 X 40 ft (1 row X 24 plants), were separately by single guard rows. Pre-transplant soil treatments of all liquid formulations except Furadan were broadcast with a CO2-pressurized tractor sprayer that delivered 32 gpa at 30 psi through 8003 LP tips on 13 May (Ambient temperature 66-68 °F, soil temperature, 65 °F; soil pH, 5.7; OM, &lt;2%). Treatments were immediately incorporated by double disking. Band applications of Furadan and Temik were made during bed formation and immediately covered with 6 to 8 inch of soil on 15 May (Ambient temperature 75-78 °F, soil temperature, 70 °F). Furadan 4°F band treatments were applied in a 12-inch band using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 16 gpa through an 8003E tip at 30 psi. Temik was applied in a 14-inch band using a tractor mounted-Gandy granular applicator. The soil was in excellent condition for both the pretransplant soil and bedding treatments. ‘Coker 371Gold’ flue-cured tobacco was transplanted into experimental plots on 19 May. A measuring cup was used to apply transplant water (TPW) treatments of Orthene and Admire in 4 fl oz/plant (204 gpa) at the base of each plant in the treatment plots. Except for insect control, production practices followed Virginia Cooperative Extension recommendations. Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis) was applied for tobacco budworm and tobacco hornworm control on 3 Jul. Foliar applications of Orthene were applied to the Orthene TPW treatment on 5 and 31 Jul and to the Furadan treatment on 19 Jul using a CO2-pressurized back-pack sprayer that delivered 30 gpa through TX-12 tips (3 per row) at 50 psi. TA populations were estimated on the upper 4 levels of 10 plants/plot every 6 to 12 days from late Jun to mid Aug. On 25 Aug, TA damage was rated on a scale of 0 to 10: 0 = no signs of damage; 10 = very severe necrosis of leaves and extensive sooty mold. TFB and TFB feeding holes were counted on 10 plants/plot at 1 to 4 wks after transplanting. Tobacco was harvested as it ripened, weighted, and yield was calculated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated by Waller-Duncan K-ratio t-test (K = 100). TA count data were transformed to log10 (x + 1) before analysis. Actual means are presented in the table.
Control of Tobacco Aphids with Systemic Insecticides, 1997B
Authors: Sorenson C. E. , Stephenson A. S. , Clewis S. B. , Ratz C. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of Orthene 75 SP, Orthene 75 SP with Tracer NAF-85, Admire 2°F with Tracer NAF-85, and Temik 15 G with Tracer NAF-85 against tobacco aphids in the field. Plots were established at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC, on 6 May in a field with a Norfolk loamy sand soil. Individual plots were 4 rows (1.14 m apart) wide by 22 plants (ca. 13.7 m) long and were arranged in a RCB design with 5 treatments (untreated check included) and 4 blocks. On 6 May, the granular materials were applied to the performed beds through 2 fertilizer shanks attached to an electrically driven, granular applicator. The shanks were positioned 12 cm on each side of the row center and 10 cm below the final bed surface. Tobacco was transplanted on 7 May with a 2-row transplanter. Transplant water treatment of Admire 2°F was applied beside the plants. Foliar spray treatments were applied using a CO2 backpack sprayer through a single nozzle (Spraying Systems D2-33) per row at a pressure of 60 psi and 12.5 gpa. Once a wk after transplant, all plants in one row of the plot (20) were rated for aphid abundance on a scale of 0 to 7 as given in the table. Using this aphid abundance data, the average aphid rating was calculated. Aphid ratings were subjected to ANOVA and WD, K = 100, was used to separate treatment means.
Comparison of Mach-2 and Tempo on Late Larval Instars of Black Cutworm, 1997
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan , Lamarche Rachel , Hodgson Meggan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This trial was conducted or 3rd-, 4th-, and 5th-instar BCW larvae on bentgrass chipping green at Campbell’s Scottish Highlands Golf Course, Salem, NH. There were 4 treatments with 7 replications per instar. For each replicate 10 larvae were placed in a PVC cylinder on 29 Jul. All treatments were applied 30 Jul with a 32-oz hand held sprayer. The volume of water and insecticide mix per plot was 2 gal/1000ft2. None of the treatments were watered in. Weather conditions were as follows: air temp, 70°F: sky, clear; wind, 5 mph. Soil conditions were as follows: surface temp, 72°F; at 1-inch depth, 68CF; at 2-inch depth, 65°F.; textureloamy sand; sand, 86%; silt, 7%; clay, 7%; soil pH, 6.2; moisture, 9%, organic matter, 9%. The trial was rated on 2 Aug (3 DAT) by applying to each cylinder a mixture of Joy dish soap and water to force the live larvae to the surface for counting.
Control of Black Turfgrass Ataenius, 1997
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Kramer-Wilson Karen 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted at a golf course in Loveland, CO with a history of problems with black turfgrass ataenius. Plots were 7 ft X 7 ft, arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Applications were made 29 May, shortly after peak flight of the first generation. Liquid treatments were applied in a volume of 5 gal/1000 ft2. A light drizzle preceded and was concurrent with the applications. Evaluations were made 22 Jul by lifting an 18-inch by 18-inch turf flap from the center of each plot and counting all larvae and pupae.
Curative Management of White Grubs with 1.5-G Formulations of Halofenozide and Mach-2 Liquid In-Secticide, 1997
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The turfgrass area, located in University Park, PA, consisted primarily of Kentucky bluegrass (30%), annual bluegrass (50%), and crabgrass (20%). Treatment plots were 8 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 500 ml of water/48 ft2 or delivering 2.7 gal/1000 ft2. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with fine top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (27 Aug), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 67° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 62° F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 64° F; RH, 89%; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.375 inch; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis; sand, 14.9%; silt, 66.4%; clay, 18.7%; organic matter, 5.9%; soil percent water content (percent by weight), 21.2; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.5; application time, early morning; and skies partly sunny. Immediately after application treatments were irrigated in with 0.2 inch of water. Post-treatment counts were made on 13 Oct. Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of JB and NMC grubs/ft2 was recorded.
Control of Japanese Beetle Larvae with Insecticide Mixtures, 1997
Authors: Nixon Philip L. , Dorner W. , Ratcliffe Susan T. , Goodwin S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted in the short rough alongside a golf course fairway at Urbana Country Club, Urbana, IL. The fairway, short, and long rough consisted of Kentucky bluegrass. A RCB design was used because an outlet for the fairway’s irrigation system was directly opposite block 1, resulting in successively lower levels of irrigation and JB infestation from block 1 through 3. Plots were 5 X 10 ft and were arranged in a single row. Insecticide applications were applied in 3 replications on 16 Sep. Liquid applications were applied with a watering can, and the granular application (Dylox) was shaken from a measuring spoon. Insecticides were watered into the soil within 30 min after all applications were completed with approximately H inch irrigation. At the time of application, it was partly cloudy, 80°F, 50% relative humidity, and with winds &lt; 10 mph. Soil pH was 6.1 with no thatch and was moist at application and 21 DAT. Grub sampling was conducted with a 6-inch diam sod sampler taking five scattered samples in each plot. All the JB grubs were counted in each ⅕ ft2 sample and the numbers were added together in each plot to obtain a ft2 measure. An ANOVA was conducted on the data and means separated by LSD test at P = 0.05.
Efficacy of Two Scimitar Formulations on Ants, 1997
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan , Lamarche Rachel , Hodgson Meggan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This trial was conducted at White Mountain Country Club, Ashland. NH. Four replications of 5 treatments were applied to a bluegrass fairway in 140-ft2 plots on 23 Jun, with a 1-ft buffer separating each plot. Plots were arranged in a RCB design. All treatments were applied with a 2-wheel bicycle sprayer equipped with 4 spray heads fitted with an 8005 flat fan-type noz zle and a 50-mesh stainer. The insecticides were applied by CO2 pressure at 40 psi. The volume of water and insecticide mix per plot was 2 gal/1000 ft2 Weather conditions were as follows: air temp, 77°F (6:00 pm); sky, scattered clouds. Soil conditions were as follows: texture, loamy sand; sand, 83%; silt. 10%; clay, 7%; moisture, 11.47%; organic matter, 6.2%, pH, 5.2. Evaluation of each treatment involved counting all active ant hills in every plot prior to spraying and, then 7, 14 and 21 DAT.
Evaluation of Insecticides Against Foliar-Feeding Insect Pests on Apple, 1997
Authors: Straub Richard W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were applied to fourtree (of which ‘Delicious’ was included) plots replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. All treatments were applied dilute to runoff using a high-pressure handgun sprayer at 300 psi delivering from 160 (prebloom) to 300 (postbloom) gpa depending upon foliage density. Trees on the M.2 rootstock were 34 year-old, 10 ft high, and 12 ft wide. Dates of application were: 9 Apr [delayed dormant (DD)]; 22 Apr [pink (P)]; 27 May [petal fall (PF)]; 6 Jun [first cover (IC)]; 19 Jun [second cover (2C); 11 Jul [third cover (3C)]; 28 Jul [fourth cover (4C)]; and 8 Aug [fifth cover (5C)]. Fungicides applied to all treatments were Benlate, captan, Dithane, Nova, and Rubigan. Damage by PLH was assessed on 10 Jul by walking the tree perimeter and counting the number of terminals displaying ‘hopperburn’ symptoms per 2-min periods. Damage by second-generation RLH nymphs was assessed on 17 Jul by counting the number of nymphs per 100 randomly selected leaves. Subsequently, cumulative foliar damage by RLH and WALH was estimated on 16 Sep by selecting 25 proximal terminal leaves and rating on 0-4 scale: 0 = no stippling; 1 = slight stippling (&lt;10%); 2 = low stippling (&gt;10-25%); 3 = moderate stippling (26-50%); and 4 = high stippling (51-75%). Damage by second generation STLM was assessed on 6 Aug by counting the number of mines per 100 randomly selected leaves. Damage by JB was assessed on 18 Sep by walking the tree perimeter and counting the number of infested terminals per 2 min.