bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indigenous forest management.
Authors: Bulkan J. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Variants of Indigenous forest management reflect distinct historical and political-economic contexts. Indigenous forest management was largely unrecorded in the colonial period and, in the present, can range from industrial to ecosystem-based forest management, autonomous management and rentier practices. Evidence of Indigenous forest management has assumed political importance in those nation-states that require historical evidence of past land use and occupancy as the basis for negotiation of Indigenous-titled lands. The forms of tenure that include communal-titled lands, recognized or unrecognized claimed customary lands or time-limited licences influence the variations of Indigenous Forestry. The relative power held by constituency groups influence governance although the increasingly normative influence of guidelines such as Access and Benefit Sharing and Free, Prior and Informed Consent may lead to improvements across the board in all forms of forestry. Indigenous participation in voluntary, independent third-party certification schemes and the invocation of the Public Trust and Indigenous Trust doctrines by some Indigenous Peoples may also lead to improved governance of Indigenous Territories and resources by national and Indigenous governments.
Roadmap to a One Health agenda 2030.
Authors: Queenan K. , Garnier J. , Nielsen L. R. , Buttigieg S. , Meneghi D. de , Holmberg M. , Zinsstag J. , Rüegg S. , Häsler B. , Kock R. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The current fragmented framework of health governance for humans, animals and environment, together with the conventional linear approach to solving current health problems, is failing to meet today's health challenges and is proving unsustainable. Advances in healthcare depend increasingly on intensive interventions, technological developments and expensive pharmaceuticals. The disconnect grows between human health, animal health and environmental and ecosystems health. Human development gains have come with often unrecognized negative externalities affecting ecosystems. Deterioration in biodiversity and ecosystem services threatens to reverse the health gains of the last century. A paradigm shift is urgently required to de-sectoralize human, animal, plant and ecosystem health and to take a more integrated approach to health, One Health (OH). The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) offer a framework and unique opportunity for this. Through analysing individual SDGs, we argue the feasibility of an OH approach towards achieving them. Feasibility assessments and outcome evaluations are often constrained by sectoral politics within a national framework, historic possession of expertise, as well as tried and tested metrics. OH calls for a better understanding, acceptance and use of a broader and transdisciplinary set of assessment metrics. Key objectives of OH are presented: that humans reconnect with our natural past and accept our place in, and dependence on our planet's ecosystems; and that we recognize our dependence on ecosystem services, the impact of our development thereon and accept our responsibility towards future generations to address this. Several action points are proposed to meet these objectives.
Functional outcome after pectoralis muscle repair
Authors: Merlin Gabriel , Koenig Scott , Gross Jordan , Edgar Cory 
Published: May 2017

Background:
The increased incidence of pectoralis major rupture in younger patients is associated with increased weightlifting in recent years, specifically the bench press. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term outcomes in the largest series of pectoralis major repairs to date.

Methods:
In a single center, retrospective observational study, 68 patients underwent pectoralis major muscle repair between August 2000 and December 2010. Chart review and a subjective patient survey of outcomes were used to retrospectively assess pain, strength, stamina, overall performance, and cosmesis before and after injury, and before and after surgery.

Results:
Subjective questionnaires were sent to 68 patients and responses were obtained from 34 patients. On a scale of 0-6, 0 being the least desirable outcome and 6 being the most desirable outcome, the averages for pain, strength, stamina, overall performance, and cosmesis were 4.84, 4.87, 4.68, 4.45, 3.65 (compared with 1.89 after injury), respectively. The data demonstrated that pectoralis major muscle repair decreases pain and increases strength, stamina, overall performance, and cosmesis after surgery compared to directly after injury. Patients were able to bench press an average of 280 lbs before injury and 162 lbs after recovery from surgery. Complications included seven infections, which required return to the operating room.

Conclusions:
After complete pectoralis major rupture, it is advantageous to have a pectoralis major muscle repair by an experienced surgeon to improve comfort, strength, stamina, and overall performance.
Time to return to running after tibial stress fracture in female Division I collegiate track and field
Authors: Jamieson Marissa , Schroeder Allison , Campbell Jason , Seigel Courtney , Everson Sonsecharae , Miller Timothy L. 
Published: May 2017

Background:
We examined the relationship between the Kaeding-Miller (K-M) stress fracture classification system with time to return to running or practice in female track and field athletes diagnosed with tibial stress fracture.

Methods:
All female athletes with tibial stress injuries who competed for a Division I university from 2011-2014 were identified. Their charts were reviewed retrospectively to collect demographic variables, medical history, training variables, injury history, and nutritional or dietary risk factors. The K-M classification system was used to grade all injuries and to compare the time to return to practice. Body mass index (BMI) was evaluated independently with time to recovery.

Results:
Twenty-four tibial stress injuries were identified in 18 female track and field athletes on the same Division I collegiate team over a 3-year period. The average time to return to running was 13.7 wk (SD 5.02). Athletes with a K-M grade of V had an average time to return to running of 17 wk compared with 11.7 and 13.7 in Grade II and III, respectively. This difference did not reach significance (P=0.534), but there was a positive relationship between K-M grade and time to recovery (coefficient=0.785). There was no statistically significant relationship between BMI and time to return to sport (P=0.767), but there was an inverse relationship between BMI and time to clinical healing (coefficient=−0.191).

Conclusions:
Data suggest that higher K-M grade injuries correlate with longer time to recovery, but larger studies are needed to determine if this relationship is significant.
Anterior-Inferior Plating Results in Fewer Secondary Interventions Compared to Superior Plating for Acute Displaced Midshaft Clavicle Fractures
Authors: Serrano Rafael , Borade Amrut , Mir Hassan , Shah Anjan , Watson David , Infante Anthony , Frankle Mark A. , Mighell Mark A. , Sagi H. Claude , Horwitz Daniel S. , Sanders Roy W. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives:
To determine whether a difference in plate position for fixation of acute, displaced, midshaft clavicle fractures would affect the rate of secondary intervention.

Design:
Retrospective Comparative Study.

Setting:
Two academic Level 1 Regional Trauma Centers.

Patients:
Five hundred ten patients treated surgically for an acutely displaced midshaft clavicle fracture between 2000 and 2013 were identified and reviewed retrospectively at a minimum of 24 months follow-up (F/U). Fractures were divided into 2 cohorts, according to plate position: Anterior-Inferior (AI) or Superior (S). Exclusion criteria included age <16 years, incomplete data records, and loss to F/U. Group analysis included demographics (age, sex, body mass index), fracture characteristics (mechanism of injury, open or closed), hand dominance, ipsilateral injuries, time between injury to surgery, time to radiographic union, length of F/U, and frequency of secondary procedures.

Intervention:
Patients were treated either with AI or S clavicle plating at the treating surgeon's discretion.

Main Outcome Measures:
Rate and reason for secondary intervention.

Statistical Analysis:
Fisher exact test, t test. and odds ratio were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Final analysis included 252 fractures/251 patients. One hundred eighteen (47%) were in group AI; 134 (53%) were in group S. No differences in demographics, fracture characteristics, time to surgery, time to union, or length of F/U existed between groups. Seven patients/7 fractures (5.9%) in Group AI underwent a secondary surgery whereas 30 patients/30 fractures (22.3%) in group S required a secondary surgery. An additional intervention secondary to superior plate placement was highly statistically significant (P < 0.001). Furthermore, because 80% of these subsequent interventions were a result of plate irritation with patient discomfort, the odds ratio for a second procedure was 5 times greater in those fractures treated with a superior plate.

Conclusions:
This comparative analysis indicates that AI plating of midshaft clavicle fractures seems to lessen clinical irritation and results in significantly fewer secondary interventions. Considering patient satisfaction and a reduced financial burden to the health care system, we recommend routine AI plate application when open reduction internal fixation of the clavicle is indicated.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Making Sense of Implant “Profile” in Breast Augmentation
Authors: Wan Dinah , Rohrich Rod J. 
Published: May 2017

Summary:
The increasing variety of breast implants has led to their classification into “profile” types to guide implant cataloguing and selection. Implant “profile” describes the overall silhouette of the implant. It represents a permutation of all 3 dimensions of the implant: base diameter, projection, and volume. Implant “profile” is not the same as implant projection. Implant projection is a quantifiable linear measurement of the anterior–posterior dimension of the implant, whereas implant “profile” is a vendor-driven assessment that currently lacks universal standardization. Until “profile” assessments are standardized across vendors, it behooves us to be cognizant of their limitations as primary variables used to guide implant selection.
A Minimally Invasive Stand-Alone Cox-Maze Procedure is as Effective as Median Sternotomy Approach
Authors: Schill Matthew R. , Sinn Laurie A. , Greenberg Jason W. , Henn Matthew C. , Lancaster Timothy S. , Schuessler Richard B. , Maniar Hersh S. , Damiano Ralph J. 
Published: May 2017

Objective The Cox-Maze IV procedure has been shown to be an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation when performed concomitantly with other operations either via median sternotomy or right minithoracotomy. Few studies have compared these approaches in patients with lone atrial fibrillation. This study examined outcomes with sternotomy versus minithoracotomy in stand-alone Cox-Maze IV procedures at our institution. Methods Between 2002 and 2015, 195 patients underwent stand-alone biatrial Cox-Maze IV. Minithoracotomy was used in 75 patients, sternotomy in 120. Freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias was ascertained using electrocardiography, Holter, or pacemaker interrogation at 3 to 60 months. Predictors of recurrence were determined using logistic regression. Results Of 23 preoperative variables, the only differences between groups were that minithoracotomy patients had a higher rate of New York Heart Association 3/4 symptoms and a lower rate of previous stroke. Minithoracotomy and sternotomy patients had similar atrial fibrillation duration and type. Minithoracotomy patients had a smaller left atrial diameter (4.5 vs 4.8 cm, P = 0.03). More minithoracotomy patients received a box lesion (73/75 vs 100/120, P = 0.002). Minithoracotomy patients had a shorter hospital stay (7 vs 8 days, P = 0.009) and a similar rate of major complications (3/75 (4%) vs 7/120 (6%), P = 0.74). There were no differences in mortality or freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias. Predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence included a preoperative pacemaker, omission of the left atrial roof line, and New York Heart Association 3/4 symptoms. Conclusions Stand-alone Cox-Maze IV via minithoracotomy was as effective as via sternotomy with a shorter hospital stay. A minimally invasive approach is our procedure of choice.
Reconstructing the demographic history of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) across its distribution range using Approximate Bayesian Computations
Authors: Rougemont Quentin , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the dual roles of demographic and selective processes in the buildup of population divergence is one of the most challenging tasks in evolutionary biology. In the Northern hemisphere in particular, species genetic makeup has been largely influenced by severe climatic oscillations of the Quaternary Period. Here, we investigated the demographic history of Atlantic Salmon across the entire species range using 2035 anadromous individuals from 77 sampling sites from North America and Eurasia genotyped at 4,656 SNPs. By combining results from admixture graphs, geogenetic maps and an approximate Bayesian computation framework, we validate previous hypotheses pertaining to secondary contact between European and Northern American populations, but also demonstrate that European populations from different glacial refugia have been exchanging alleles in contemporary times. We further identify the major sources of admixture from the southern range of North America to more northern populations along with a strong signal of secondary gene flow between genetic regional groups. We hypothesize that these patterns reflects the spatial redistribution of ancestral variation across the entire American range. Results also point to a role for linked selection in the form of background selection and or positive hitchhiking. Altogether, differential introgression and linked selective effects likely played an underappreciated role in shaping the genomic landscape of species in the Northern hemisphere Therefore we conclude that such heterogeneity among loci should be systematically integrated into demographic inferences of the divergence process, even between incompletely reproductively isolated populations.
Increasing sustainable tourism through social entrepreneurship
Authors: de Lange Deborah , Dodds Rachel 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the link between social entrepreneurship and sustainable tourism and to examine the Canadian context in this regard.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology entails a case study approach that includes a thorough review of the related literature and of any existing Canadian sources of hospitality and tourism social entrepreneurship/intrapreneurship projects to determine the state of the Canadian industry with respect to sustainability.FindingsFindings show that there are limited showcased hospitality and tourism social entrepreneurship projects in Canada. Two main assumptions related to the Canadian context can be drawn from this search: (1) There is a lack of hospitality and tourism social entrepreneurship projects and/or, (2) hospitality and tourism social entrepreneurship projects and/or businesses are not recognized and/or there is a lack of awareness of them.Research limitations/implicationsThis study assessed the situation in Canada and although it was comprehensive under conditions of limited data availability, it cannot speak to social entrepreneurship in sustainable hospitality and tourism globally, which is a future research opportunity.Practical implicationsThe design of a national incentive program would encourage industry sustainability through tax breaks. This voluntary system would require that firms provide standardized annual reports with their tax filings so that reliable industry data could be collected for analysis and understanding of the sustainability of the industry. Participating firms would be distinguished on a public list.Originality/valueThis research has theorized on the connection of social entrepreneurship to sustainable hospitality and tourism such that social entrepreneurship drives sustainable industry growth. This is also the first study of its kind to explore social entrepreneurship’s potential contribution to the sustainability of this industry.
Balancing transactional and transformational leadership
Authors: Baškarada Saša , Watson Jamie , Cromarty Jason 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to explore how situational variables jointly affect the choice of leadership style.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study is based on semi-structured interviews conducted with 11 senior leaders in the Australian Defence, including with the Chief of Defence Force.FindingsThe paper identifies four organizational factors (human capital, performance, time orientation and risk appetite) and two environmental factors (risk and stability) that are considered to have an effect on leader’s choice of transactional versus transformational styles. Furthermore, organizational human capital and leader’s training and experience are identified as prerequisites of leadership ambidexterity.Originality/valueThe findings explain how the choice of leadership style is contingent on internal and external factors, identifies several new contributing factors and explains how such factors may jointly affect the choice of leadership style.
Achieving consensus devoid of complicity: adopting the Delphi technique
Authors: Ogbeifun Edoghogho , Mbohwa Charles , Pretorius Jan-Harm C. 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThere are latent fears that in a Delphi exercise, the opinions of participants might be impaired due to the proximity of other participants. However, the thoughtful selection of participants and effective communication during the process can guarantee the independence of the participants’ opinions. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe single site case study method was adopted and the participants for the Delphi exercise were chosen from the strategic and tactical levels of leadership. The professional, positional experience and responsibilities of the participants guaranteed the quality of their opinions.FindingsAlthough some of the facilities management participants are from the same division, the data collected demonstrate the opinions of independent minds, thus guaranteeing that consensus was achieved without complicity.Originality/valueThe research shows that it is possible to achieve consensus of opinion in a Delphi exercise without complicity, even when the participants know each other. This can be achieved through the painstaking selection of appropriate participants, the skills of the research coordinator and transparent communication between the rounds and in the final report.
Prevalence and clinical correlates of insomnia in adults with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Brevik E. J. , Lundervold A. J. , Halmøy A. , Posserud M.‐B. , Instanes J. T. , Bjorvatn B. , Haavik J. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of insomnia in adults with Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its association with clinical subtypes, current ADHD symptoms, and stimulant treatment.MethodWe obtained diagnostic information, symptom rating scales and treatment history from clinically ascertained adult ADHD patients diagnosed according to DSM‐IV criteria (n = 268, mean age 38.1 years) and randomly selected population controls (n = 202, mean age 36.5 years). The Bergen Insomnia Scale (BIS) was used to measure insomnia. ADHD symptom domains were self‐rated using the Adult ADHD Self‐Rating Scale.ResultsInsomnia was far more frequent among adults with ADHD (66.8%) than in the population controls (28.8%) (P < 0.001). Insomnia was more common in adults with the combined subtype than in those with the inattentive subtype (79.7% and 55.6%, respectively) (P = 0.003). For self‐reported current ADHD symptoms, inattention was strongly correlated to insomnia. Patients currently using stimulant treatment for ADHD reported a lower total insomnia score compared to patients without medication (P < 0.05).ConclusionInsomnia was highly prevalent among adults with ADHD. The lower insomnia score in patients on current stimulant treatment suggests that stimulant treatment is not associated with worsening of insomnia symptoms in adult ADHD patients.
The impact of normative perceptions on alcohol consumption in military veterans
Authors: Krieger Heather , Pedersen Eric R. , Neighbors Clayton 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground and aimsPerceptions of both descriptive norms (prevalence of drinking) and injunctive norms (others’ approval of drinking) relate to alcohol consumption, but mechanisms for these associations have received little attention, especially in military samples. This study tested the direct and indirect associations between perceived descriptive and injunctive norms on drinking through personal attitudes (i.e. personal approval) in a veteran sample.DesignData were collected as part of a longitudinal randomized controlled alcohol intervention study. The study involved two time‐points: baseline/intervention (time 1) and 1‐month follow‐up (time 2).SettingA national sample of veterans was recruited from Facebook to participate in an online study between June and October 2015.ParticipantsData included responses of 621 adult military veterans (age 18–34; 83% male).MeasuresRespondents reported on their weekly alcohol consumption (primary outcome), perceptions of typical drinking and approval by other same‐gender veterans. Covariates included gender, intervention condition and combat experience.FindingsRegression results found no significant effects of perceived descriptive or injunctive norms on time 2 drinking when accounting for the effects of personal attitudes, time 1 drinking and covariates. However, mediation analyses found support for personal attitudes as a mediator of the relationship between perceived descriptive norms and time 2 drinking [indirect effect = 0.003, standard deviation (SD) = 0.001, P = 0.001] and between perceived injunctive norms and time 2 drinking (indirect effect = 0.004, SE = 0.001, P < 0.001).ConclusionsAttitudes to drinking appear to mediate the association between descriptive and injunctions norms about alcohol and subsequent level of alcohol consumption in US military personnel.