bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the role of religiosity as a deterrent against digital piracy
Authors: Casidy Riza , Lwin Michael , Phau Ian 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of religiosity as a deterrent to habitual digital piracy behaviour. Specifically, it will examine the extent to which “religious teaching” affects consumer attitudes towards digital piracy and their habitual digital piracy behaviour in a developing market.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 400 usable samples were collected from large religious organisations in Indonesia using convenience sampling. The latent moderation structural equation technique was used to test the research hypotheses.

Findings
The results indicated that: facilitating conditions are a significant driver of digital piracy habit; attitude towards piracy is a significant deterrent of digital piracy and moderates the relationship between facilitating conditions and habitual digital piracy; and religious teaching is a significant deterrent of digital piracy habit, mediated by attitude towards piracy.

Originality/value
This study investigates the influence of Christian religious teaching as a deterrent to digital piracy behaviour. Further, it investigates the mediating and moderating role of attitude in a digital piracy context. The study findings would provide insights for policy makers to deter digital piracy behaviour through the use of religious appeals.
The physiological costs of prey switching reinforce foraging specialization
Authors: Hooker Oliver E. , Van Leeuwen Travis E. , Adams Colin E. 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Sympatric speciation is thought to be strongly linked to resource specialization with alternative resource use acting as a fundamental agent driving divergence. However, sympatric speciation through niche expansion is dependent on foraging specialization being consistent over space and time.

Standard metabolic rate is the minimal maintenance metabolic rate of an ectotherm in a post‐absorptive and inactive state and can constitute a significant portion of an animal's energy budget; thus, standard metabolic rate and growth rate are two measures frequently used as an indication of the physiological performance of individuals. Physiological adaptations to a specific diet may increase the efficiency with which it is utilized, but may have an increased cost associated with switching diets, which may result in a reduced standard metabolic rate and growth rate.

In this study, we use the diet specialization often seen in polymorphic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) populations to study the effects of different prey on standard metabolic rate and growth rate as well as the effects that early prey specialization may have on the ability to process other prey types efficiently.

We found a significant effect of prey type on standard metabolic rate and growth rate. Furthermore, we found evidence of diet specialization with all fish maintaining a standard metabolic rate and growth rate lower than expected when fed on a diet different to which they were raised, possibly due to a maladaptation in digestion of alternative prey items.

Our results show that early diet specialization may be reinforced by the elevated costs of prey switching, thus promoting the process of resource specialization during the incipient stages of sympatric divergence.
TANGO ‐ a screening tool to identify comorbidities on the causal pathway of nocturia
Authors: Bower Wendy F. , Rose Georgie E. , Ervin Claire F. , Goldin Jeremy , Whishaw David M. , Khan Fary 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo develop a robust screening metric for use in identifying non‐lower urinary tract comorbidities pertinent to the multidisciplinary assessment of patients with nocturia.MethodsVariables having a significant risk association with nocturia of greater than once per night were identified. Discriminating items from validated and reliable tools measuring these comorbidities were identified. A self‐completed 57‐item questionnaire was developed and a medical checklist and pertinent clinical measures added. Pre‐determined criteria were applied to retain or remove items in the development of the Short‐Form (SF) screening tool. The tool was administered to 252 individuals with nocturia who were attending either a tertiary level Sleep, Continence, Falls or Rehabilitation service for routine care. Data collected were subjected to descriptive analysis; criteria were applied to reduce the number of items. Using pre‐determined domains, a nocturia screening metric, entitled TANGO, was generated. The acronym TANGO stands for Targeting the individual's Aetiology of Nocturia to Guide Outcomes.ResultsThe demographic characteristics of the sample are described, along with item endorsement levels. The statistical and structural framework to justify deleting or retaining of items from the TANGO Long‐Form to the SF is presented. The resultant TANGO‐SF patient‐completed nocturia screening tool is reported.ConclusionsA novel all‐cause diagnostic metric for identifying co‐existing morbidities of clinical relevance to nocturia in patients who present across disciplines and medical specialties has been developed. TANGO has the potential to improve practice and smooth inequalities associated with a siloed approach to assessment and subsequent care of patients with nocturia.
Immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibodies to proteinase 3 in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis
Authors: Clain J M , Hummel A M , Stone J H , Fervenza F C , Hoffman G S , Kallenberg C G M , Langford C A , McCune W J , Merkel P A , Monach P A , Seo P , Spiera R F , St Clair E W , Ytterberg S R , Specks U 
Published: January 2017

Summary
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). However, ANCA alone are not sufficient to generate disease, and some evidence suggests that infectious triggers may serve as inciting events for AAV disease activity. Antibodies of the immunoglobulin (Ig)M isotype often serve as markers of recent infection, and IgM ANCA have been identified previously in patients with AAV, although the frequency and clinical relevance of IgM ANCA is not well established. We sought to characterize IgM ANCA more clearly by creating a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgM antibodies to proteinase 3 [IgM proteinase 3 (PR3)–ANCA], which we applied to two large, clinically well-characterized trial cohorts of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis. In the first cohort, IgM PR3–ANCA occurred with a frequency of 15·0%, and were associated with a higher degree of disease severity and a trend towards a higher rate of alveolar haemorrhage (29·6 versus 15·7%, P = 0·10). Analysis of follow-up samples in this cohort showed that the presence of IgM PR3–ANCA was transient, but could recur. In the second cohort, IgM PR3–ANCA occurred with a frequency of 41·1%, and were also associated with a higher degree of disease severity. A higher rate of alveolar haemorrhage was observed among those with IgM PR3–ANCA (45·3 versus 15·8%; P &lt; 0·001). The association of transient IgM PR3–ANCA with an acute respiratory manifestation of AAV suggests a possible link between an infectious trigger and AAV disease activity.
Prospective Evaluation of Genetic Variation in Platelet Endothelial Aggregation Receptor 1 Reveals Aspirin‐Dependent Effects on Platelet Aggregation Pathways
Authors: Backman JD , Yerges‐Armstrong LM , Horenstein RB , Newcomer S , Shaub S , Morrisey M , Donnelly P , Drolet M , Tanner K , Pavlovich MA , O'Connell JR , Mitchell BD , Lewis JP 
Published: January 2017

Genetic variation in the platelet endothelial aggregation receptor 1 (PEAR1) gene, most notably rs12041331, is implicated in altered on‐aspirin platelet aggregation and increased cardiovascular event risk. We prospectively tested the effects of aspirin administration at commonly prescribed doses (81, 162, and 324 mg/day) on agonist‐induced platelet aggregation by rs12041331 genotype in 67 healthy individuals. Prior to aspirin administration, rs12041331 minor allele carriers had significantly reduced adenosine diphosphate (ADP)‐induced platelet aggregation compared with noncarriers (P = 0.03) but was not associated with other platelet pathways. In contrast, rs12041331 was significantly associated with on‐aspirin platelet aggregation when collagen and epinephrine were used to stimulate platelet aggregation (P < 0.05 for all associations), but not ADP. The influence of PEAR1 rs12041331 on platelet aggregation is pathway‐specific and is altered by aspirin at therapeutic doses, but not in a dose‐dependent manner. Additional studies are needed to determine the impact of PEAR1 on cardiovascular events in aspirin‐treated patients.
Physician step prescription and monitoring to improve ARTERial health (SMARTER): A randomized controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension
Authors: Dasgupta Kaberi , Rosenberg Ellen , Joseph Lawrence , Cooke Alexandra B. , Trudeau Luc , Bacon Simon L. , Chan Deborah , Sherman Mark , Rabasa‐Lhoret Rémi , Daskalopoulou Stella S. ,   SMARTER Trial Group
Published: January 2017

AimsThere are few proven strategies to enhance physical activity and cardiometabolic profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. We examined the effects of physician‐delivered step count prescriptions and monitoring.MethodsParticipants randomized to the active arm were provided with pedometers and they recorded step counts. Over a 1‐year period, their physicians reviewed their records and provided a written step count prescription at each clinic visit. The overall goal was a 3000 steps/day increase over 1 year (individualized rate of increase). Control arm participants were advised to engage in physical activity 30 to 60 min/day. We evaluated effects on step counts, carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV, primary) and other cardiometabolic indicators including haemoglobin A1c in diabetes (henceforth abbreviated as A1c) and Homeostasis Model Assessment‐Insulin Resistance (HOMA‐IR) in participants not receiving insulin therapy.ResultsA total of 79% completed final evaluations (275/347; mean age, 60 years; SD, 11). Over 66% of participants had type 2 diabetes and over 90% had hypertension. There was a net 20% increase in steps/day in active vs control arm participants (1190; 95% CI, 550‐1840). Changes in cfPWV were inconclusive; active vs control arm participants with type 2 diabetes experienced a decrease in A1c (−0.38%; 95% CI, −0.69 to −0.06). HOMA‐IR also declined in the active arm vs the control arm (ie, assessed in all participants not treated with insulin; −0.96; 95% CI, −1.72 to −0.21).ConclusionsA simple physician‐delivered step count prescription strategy incorporated into routine clinical practice led to a net 20% increase in step counts; however, this was below the 3000 steps/day targeted increment. While conclusive effects on cfPWV were not observed, there were improvements in both A1c and insulin sensitivity. Future studies will evaluate an amplified intervention to increase impact.
Greater temperature sensitivity of plant phenology at colder sites: implications for convergence across northern latitudes
Authors: Prevéy Janet , Vellend Mark , Rüger Nadja , Hollister Robert D. , Bjorkman Anne D. , Myers‐Smith Isla H. , Elmendorf Sarah C. , Clark Karin , Cooper Elisabeth J. , Elberling Bo , Fosaa Anna M. , Henry Gregory H. R. , Høye Toke T. , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg S. , Klanderud Kari , Lévesque Esther , Mauritz Marguerite , Molau Ulf , Natali Susan M. , Oberbauer Steven F. , Panchen Zoe A. , Post Eric , Rumpf Sabine B. , Schmidt Niels M. , Schuur Edward A. G. , Semenchuk Phillip R. , Troxler Tiffany , Welker Jeffrey M. , Rixen Christian 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWarmer temperatures are accelerating the phenology of organisms around the world. Temperature sensitivity of phenology might be greater in colder, higher latitude sites than in warmer regions, in part because small changes in temperature constitute greater relative changes in thermal balance at colder sites. To test this hypothesis, we examined up to 20 years of phenology data for 47 tundra plant species at 18 high‐latitude sites along a climatic gradient. Across all species, the timing of leaf emergence and flowering was more sensitive to a given increase in summer temperature at colder than warmer high‐latitude locations. A similar pattern was seen over time for the flowering phenology of a widespread species, Cassiope tetragona. These are among the first results highlighting differential phenological responses of plants across a climatic gradient and suggest the possibility of convergence in flowering times and therefore an increase in gene flow across latitudes as the climate warms.
Influence of water quality on nutritional and sensory characteristics of green tea infusion
Authors: Murugesh C. S. , Manoj J. B. , Haware D. J. , Ravi R. , Subramanian R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractImpact of water quality on the nutritional and sensory characteristics of green tea infusion was studied. The total soluble tea solids, catechins and l‐theanine concentrations were significantly higher in infusions prepared from water having lower total dissolved solids (TDS, 0.59 to 13.0 ppm), conductivity (1.12 to 26.20 µS), and pH (6.04 to 6.90). The difference in extractability was explained using the mass transfer equation dNT/dt = kLAs(CTe − CTL); where dNT/dt‐mass transfer rate, kL‐mass transfer coefficient, As‐surface area, CTe‐equilibrium concentration, and CTL‐concentration in bulk liquid. The major catechins reduced (∼84–93%) in the infusions prepared from water with higher TDS (315 to 338 ppm), conductivity (630 to 679 µS), and pH (7.65 to 8.05), accompanied with undesirable color changes during storage following the first‐order kinetics. Tea cream and turbidity were much higher with water having higher calcium concentration (51.60 mg/L). The study recommended water with low TDS, conductivity and pH for hot‐infusions and beverages.Practical applicationsThe study was initiated to select a suitable type of water for the preparation of green tea infusion and ready‐to‐drink (RTD) beverages. For infusion, the extractability of the nutrients as well as the sensory characteristics are important. Accordingly, ultra‐pure (UP), packaged drinking (PD), or reverse osmosis (RO) water may be used for the preparation. But, in the case of RTD beverages, the physical stability and visual appearance are also equally important for consumer acceptance, as they are held in storage and distribution before being consumed. Furthermore, the results indicated that stability of catechins need to be considered as a parameter for the selection of water. Even though UP, PD, or RO meets all these criteria, economic considerations propel RO water for RTD production. Thus the inferences obtained from this scientific study has practical relevance in the selection of appropriate quality of water for the preparation of green tea beverages.
Antimicrobial efficacy of curcumin nanoparticles against Listeria monocytogenes is mediated by surface charge
Authors: No Da Som , Algburi Ammar , Huynh Phong , Moret Aubry , Ringard Marion , Comito Nicole , Drider Djamel , Takhistov Paul , Chikindas Michael L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCurcumin, a hydrophobic phenolic compound isolated from tumeric (Curcuma longa), has gained a great attention due to its health benefits and antimicrobial effects. In this study, curcumin nanoparticles (CNPs) were formulated via acusto‐plastic deformation technique, with three differently surface‐charged surfactants‐sodium dodecylsulfate, Tween 20 and cetrimonium bromide (CTAB). The fabricated CNPs were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, one of the most severe foodborne pathogens. Our results demonstrated that the CNPs formulated with positively charged surfactant (CTAB) exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes, indicating that there is a strong relationship between surface charge and antimicrobial activity of curcumin. The enhanced antimicrobial action of CNPs‐CTAB was concluded to be due to the increased cell‐antimicrobial interaction, which resulted from the opposing electrical charges between CNPs‐CTAB and L. monocytogenes cells, as well as increased antimicrobial penetration endowed by the small size.Practical applicationsIn this study, we showed that surface charge as well as the small size of curcumin nanoparticles play a key role in enhancing cell‐antimicrobial interaction and antimicrobial efficacy. The fabricated CNP‐CTAB showed the best antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes. A size reduction to nano‐scale is a recently developed strategy used to improve drug/food delivery and matching the public demand for effective and safe antimicrobial formulations for control of foodborne pathogens.
Geographic access to dental care varies in Missouri and Wisconsin
Authors: Nasseh Kamyar , Eisenberg Yochai , Vujicic Marko 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo examine geographic access to dental providers for the general population and children with public insurance in Missouri and Wisconsin.MethodsUsing a newly constructed dentist office database from the American Dental Association master file and other sources, we use the two‐step floating area catchment area method to calculate population to provider ratios at the census block group level. These ratios are used to determine potential geographic dentist shortage areas. We utilize street network data to estimate travel times and catchment areas between population centers and dental offices. This methodology accounts for the actual spatial distribution of dental providers and potential dental patients.ResultsWithin and across Missouri and Wisconsin, there is some variation in geographic access to dental offices for the general population and publicly insured children. More than 90 percent of publicly insured children have access to dental providers within 30 minutes. Among the states examined, Missouri has more geographic disparities to dental care.ConclusionThe Health Resources and Services Administration, which designates dental health professional shortage areas, relies on administrative boundaries to calculate population to dental provider ratios. These boundaries may not reflect actual or “real‐time” dental care markets. The methods employed in this paper may give policymakers a template to better determine geographic dentist shortage areas.
An update of management of insomnia in patients with chronic orofacial pain
Authors: Almoznino G , Haviv Y , Sharav Y , Benoliel R 
Published: January 2017

In this review, we discuss the management of chronic orofacial pain (COFP) patients with insomnia. Diagnostic work‐up and follow‐up routines of COFP patients should include assessment of sleep problems. Management is based on a multidisciplinary approach, addressing the factors that modulate the pain experience as well as insomnia and including both non‐pharmacological and pharmacological modalities. Parallel to treatment, patients should receive therapy for comorbid medical and psychiatric disorders, and possible substance abuse that may be that may trigger or worsen the COFP and/or their insomnia. Insomnia treatment should begin with non‐pharmacological therapy, to minimize potential side effects, drug interactions, and risk of substance abuse associated with pharmacological therapy. Behavioral therapies for insomnia include the following: sleep hygiene, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, multicomponent behavioral therapy or brief behavioral therapy for insomnia, relaxation strategies, stimulus control, and sleep restriction. Approved U.S. Food and Drug Administration medications to treat insomnia include the following: benzodiazepines (estazolam, flurazepam, temazepam, triazolam, and quazepam), non‐benzodiazepine hypnotics (eszopiclone, zaleplon, zolpidem), the melatonin receptor agonist ramelteon, the antidepressant doxepin, and the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant. Chronic orofacial pain can greatly improve following treatment of the underlying insomnia, and therefore, re‐evaluation of COFP is advised after 1 month of treatment.
The more, the merrier? Obligate symbiont density changes over time under controlled environmental conditions, yet holds no clear fitness consequences
Authors: Parkinson Jasmine F. , Gobin Bruno , Hughes William O. H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSymbiotic bacteria are highly diverse, play an important role in ecology and evolution, and are also of applied relevance because many pest insects rely on them for their success. However, the dynamics and regulation of symbiotic bacteria within hosts is complex and still poorly understood outside of a few model systems. One of the most intriguing symbiotic relationships is the obligate, tripartite nutritional mutualism in sap‐feeding, economically‐destructive mealybugs (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae), which involves γ‐proteobacteria hosted within β‐proteobacteria hosted within the mealybugs. The present study examines whether there is population variation in symbiont density (i.e. infection intensity, or titre) in the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) and how this impacts host life‐history. Symbiont density is found to differ significantly between populations when reared under controlled environmental conditions, indicating that the density of symbiont infections is influenced by host or symbiont genotype. However, symbiont density changes in populations over multiple generations, indicating that symbiont densities are dynamic. Surprisingly, given that the symbionts are essential nutritional mutualists, the density of the symbionts does not correlate significantly with either host fecundity or development. Higher levels of symbionts have no clear benefit to hosts and therefore appear to be superfluous, at least under constant, optimized environmental conditions. Excessive symbiont density may be an evolutionary artefact from a period of inefficient vertical transmission when the balance of conflict between host and symbiont was still being established.
Functional characterisation and cell specificity of BvSUT1, the transporter that loads sucrose into the phloem of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) source leaves
Authors: Nieberl P. , Ehrl C. , Pommerrenig B. , Graus D. , Marten I. , Jung B. , Ludewig F. , Koch W. , Harms K. , Flügge U.‐I. , Neuhaus H. E. , Hedrich R. , Sauer N. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is one of the most important sugar‐producing plants worldwide and provides about one third of the sugar consumed by humans. Here we report on molecular characterisation of the BvSUT1 gene and on the functional characterisation of the encoded transporter.

In contrast to the recently identified tonoplast‐localised sucrose transporter BvTST2.1 from sugar beet taproots, which evolved within the monosaccharide transporter (MST) superfamily, BvSUT1 represents a classical sucrose transporter and is a typical member of the disaccharide transporter (DST) superfamily.

Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the β‐GLUCURONIDASE (GUS) reporter gene under control of the BvSUT1‐promoter showed GUS histochemical staining of their phloem; an anti‐BvSUT1‐antiserum identified the BvSUT1 transporter specifically in phloem companion cells. After expression of BvSUT1 cDNA in bakers’ yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) uptake characteristics of the BvSUT1 protein were studied. Moreover, the sugar beet transporter was characterised as a proton‐coupled sucrose symporter in Xenopus laevis oocytes.

Our findings indicate that BvSUT1 is the sucrose transporter that is responsible for loading of sucrose into the phloem of sugar beet source leaves delivering sucrose to the storage tissue in sugar beet taproot sinks.