bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasmall Yttrium Iron Garnet Nanoparticles with High Coercivity at Low Temperature Synthesized by Laser Ablation and Fragmentation of Pressed Powders
Authors: Schmitz Tim , Wiedwald Ulf , Dubs Carsten , Gökce Bilal 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPulsed laser ablation of pressed yttrium iron garnet powders in water is studied and compared to the ablation of a single‐crystal target. We find that target porosity is a crucial factor, which has far‐reaching implications on nanoparticle productivity. Although nanoparticle size distributions obtained by analytical disc centrifugation and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are in agreement, X‐ray diffraction and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis show that only nanoparticles obtained from targets with densities close to that of a bulk target lead to comparable properties. Our findings also show why the gravimetrical measurement of nanoparticle productivity is often flawed and needs to be complemented by colloidal productivity measurements. The synthesized YIG nanoparticles are further reduced in size by laser fragmentation to obtain sizes smaller than 3 nm. Since the particle diameters are close to the YIG lattice constant, these ultrasmall nanoparticles reveal an immense change of the magnetic properties, exhibiting huge coercivity (0.11 T) and irreversibility fields (8 T) at low temperatures.
A Hydrazone‐Based Covalent Organic Framework as an Efficient and Reusable Photocatalyst for the Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction of N‐Aryltetrahydroisoquinolines
Authors: Liu Wanting , Su Qing , Ju Pengyao , Guo Bixuan , Zhou Hui , Li Guanghua , Wu Qiaolin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA hydrazone‐based covalent organic framework (COF) was synthesized by condensation of 2,5‐dimethoxyterephthalohydrazide with 1,3,5‐triformylbenzene under solvothermal conditions. The COF material exhibits excellent porosity with a BET surface area of up to 1501 m2 g−1, high crystallinity, and good thermal and chemical stability. Moreover, it showed efficient photocatalytic activity towards cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reactions between tetrahydroisoquinolines and nucleophiles such as nitromethane, acetone, and phenylethyl ketone. The metal‐free catalytic system also offers attractive advantages including simplicity of operation, wide substrate adaptability, ambient reaction conditions, and robust recycling capability of the catalyst, thus providing a promising platform for highly efficient and reusable photocatalysts.
The impact of early environmental interventions on structural plasticity of the axon initial segment in neocortex
Authors: Nozari Masoumeh , Suzuki Toshimitsu , Rosa Marcello G. P. , Yamakawa Kazuhiro , Atapour Nafiseh 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPlasticity of the axon initial segment (AIS) is a newly discovered type of structural plasticity that regulates cell excitability. AIS plasticity has been reported to happen during normal development of neocortex and also in a few pathological conditions involving disruption of the inhibition/excitation balance. Here we report on the impact of early environmental interventions on structural plasticity of AIS in the mouse neocortex. C57BL/6 mice were raised in standard or enriched environment (EE) from birth up to the time of experiments and were injected with saline or MK‐801 [N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, 1 mg/kg] on postnatal days (P) 6–10. We used Ankyrin G immunoreactivity to mark the AIS of cortical neurons in two sub‐regions of frontal cortex (frontal association area, FrA and secondary motor cortex, M2) and in the secondary visual cortex (V2). In 1‐month‐old mice, the mean AIS length differed between three areas, with the shortest AISs being observed in V2. Postnatal MK‐801 or EE led to shortening of AIS only in the frontal areas. However, exposure to EE restored AIS shortening induced by MK‐801. Chronic postnatal MK‐801 results in structural plasticity of AIS exclusive to the frontal cortex. EE may modify underlying neuronal mechanisms resulting in restoration of AIS length.
Magnetic resonance imaging of intra‐pancreatic ductal nanoparticle delivery to islet cells
Authors: Wang Ping , Ross Alana , Yoo Byunghee , Yang Jingsheng , Farrar Christian , Ran Chongzhao , Pantazopoulos Pamela , Medarova Zdravka , Moore Anna 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe absence of reliable drug delivery systems to pancreatic islet cells hampers efficient treatment of type 1 diabetes. Nanoparticle delivery systems equipped with imaging capabilities could enable selective delivery to pancreatic islet cells. Biodistribution of nanoparticles is defined by several factors including the mode of administration, which determines accumulation in various organs.MethodsIn this study, we tested whether intrapancreatic ductal injection of magnetic nanoparticles would result in efficient cellular uptake by pancreatic islet cells. Dextran‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles labeled with the near infrared fluorescent dye Cy5.5 were injected into the intrapancreatic ducts of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic and healthy mice. To monitor the distribution of the nanoparticles, we performed in vivo magnetic resonance imaging followed by optical imaging and histology.ResultsBoth imaging modalities demonstrated accumulation of the nanoparticles in the pancreas. However, histology revealed a high accumulation of nanoparticles in the insulin‐producing cells in the pancreata of diabetic animals. By contrast, in nondiabetic controls, nanoparticles were mainly restricted to nonendocrine tissues.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that pancreatic ductal injection accompanied by image guidance could serve as an alternative pathway for nanoparticle delivery. We expect to utilize this intraductal delivery method for theranostic applications in type 1 diabetes.
Might genetics play a role in understanding and treating diabetic polyneuropathy?
Authors: Spallone Vincenza 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDespite the high prevalence and impact on quality of life, costs, and survival, there are still unresolved issues regarding diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN): the lack of definite knowledge of its pathogenesis; the limited preventive action of glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes; and the unavailability of evidence‐based effective disease‐modifying treatment.How can genetics provide the tools to address these gaps? Ziegler et al for the GDS Group explore the novel hypothesis that genetic variability in transketolase (TKT) might contribute to susceptibility to DPN in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes (well characterised for DPN). Transketolase diverts excess glycolytic metabolites from the hexosamine, protein kinase C, and advanced glycation endproduct pathways to the pentose phosphate pathway, with a protective effect against hyperglycaemia‐induced damage. Moreover, thiamine and its derivative benfotiamine are among the few disease‐modifying agents still under consideration as DPN treatment. The authors find significant associations of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of the TKT gene with the Total Symptom Score and thermal thresholds, in particular in male participants with type 2 diabetes. Moreover, they measure plasma methylglyoxal (a glycating agent, whose availability is hindered by TKT) without however finding a relation with TKT single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. The link found between TKT genetic variability and nerve function measures is considered here in the context of DPN genetic studies and of experimental and clinical findings regarding thiamine and benfotiamine. The conclusion is that available data supports the decision to maintain focus on both the search for DPN genetic biomarkers and the therapeutic attempts to target thiamine, TKT, and methylglyoxal.
Over‐Oxidized Poly (Phenol Red) Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Ultra‐Trace Antimony (III)
Authors: Karabiberoğlu Şükriye Ulubay , Dursun Zekerya 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this study, we introduce a very sensitive and selective method for the differential pulse anodic stripping determination of Sb(III) ion on the over‐oxidized poly(phenol red) modified glassy carbon electrode (PPhRedox/GCE) in 0.1 mol L‐1 HCl medium. The formation of both poly(phenol red) and over‐oxidized poly(phenol red) film on the electrode surfaces were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques. An anodic stripping peak of Sb(III) was observed at 0.015 V on the PPhRedox/GCE. Higher anodic stripping peak current of Sb(III) was obtained at PPhRedox/GCE compared with both bare GCE and poly(phenol red) film modified GCE (PPhRed/GCE). The calibration graph consisted of two linear segments of 0.044 ‐ 1.218 μg L−1 and 3.40 – 18.26 μg L−1 with a detection limit of 0.0075 μg L−1. The proposed over‐oxidized polymer film modified electrode was applied successfully for the analysis of antimony in different spiked water samples. Spiked recoveries for water samples were obtained in the range of 93.0–103.0%. The accuracy of the method was also verified through the analysis of standard reference materials (SCP SCIENCE‐EnviroMAT™ EP−L‐2).
Development of an Electrochemical Sensor to Detect Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid Based on Neodymium (III) Oxide and Chitosan
Authors: Nagles Edgar , Calderón Jorge A. , García‐Beltrán Olimpo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNeodymium (III) oxide (NdOx) was dispersed in chitosan dissolution and deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (chitosan‐NdOx/GCE). The surface properties of the chitosan‐NdOx/GCE were evaluated with FeCN6−3 solution using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The modified electrode was used in the determination of individual dopamine (DP) and ascorbic acid (AA) with square wave adsorptive voltammetry. Under optimal parameters (pH 4.0; accumulation time; tACC 60s and accumulation potential; EACC 0.10 V) for DP and (pH 3,0; tACC 60s and; EACC −0.20 V) for AA, anodic peak currents were proportional to the concentration of DP and AA between 0.90 and 17.0 μmolL−1, with detection limit of 0.079 μmolL−1 for DP and 0.12 μmolL−1 for AA. The sensor was used in the determination of DP and AA in human urine samples and vitamin C tablets with consistent results. The new sensor is easy to develop. In addition, the sensitivity in particular for AA was improved compared with previous work.
Photocharge‐Enhanced Capacitive Response of a Supercapacitor
Authors: Boruah Buddha Deka , Misra Abha 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA radiation‐sensitive, binder‐free, solid‐state supercapacitor (SC) has been fabricated based on spinel nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4)/zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) as the electrode material. The enhanced surface area of the electrochemical electrode not only provides a noteworthy enhancement in electrochemical activity, but also the generated photoinduced excitons significantly contribute to achieving outstanding electrode conductivity. This finding reveals that the generated photocharges during UV irradiation participate largely in converting radiation energy into electrochemical energy through redox reactions that allow the specific capacitance to double when compared to an absence of UV radiation. Moreover, the novel SC demonstrates an outstanding cyclic stability of 98.5 and 97 % capacitance retention after 2000 cycles of charge–discharge in the absence and presence of UV irradiation, respectively. Thus, this study opens up an avenue for the direct utilization of radiation‐sensitive nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage and demonstrates a strong potential for the fabrication of advanced SCs.
Carbon‐Assisted Technique to Modify the Surface of Recycled Silicon/Silicon Carbide Composite for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Bing‐Hong , Chang Chun‐Chi , Duh Jenq‐Gong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA green source of microsized silicon/silicon carbide (Si/SiC) composite represent the wastes of solar cell industries that are created during ingot cutting process; the composite can be used as a Si‐based anode for lithium ion batteries. In contrast to Si nanoparticles with a particular morphology design, the microsized Si/SiC composite from the wastes show severe capacity degradation due to the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) that affects the conductivity and stability of the electrode. In this study, an external treatment of the electrode (a carbon‐assisted technique (CAT)) was adopted to modify the surface of the electrode and compared with an internal treatment of electrode between particles (namely a pitch‐wrapping technique (PWT)). The external and internal carbon treatments of the electrodes were analyzed individually by cyclic voltammetry and ac impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior reveals that the characteristic peak of SEI formation and the resistance of SEI of CAT was improved with more efficiency than PWT. Furthermore, based on the cycling performance and irreversibility, the charge retention of the microsized composite could be boosted. Therefore, CAT could replace PWT in the case of microsized Si particles. Conclusively, a method was developed to stabilize SEI formation, which could not only enhance the cyclability but also provide an alternative approach to solve the issue related to SEI formation of a Si‐based anode.
Meaningful Memory in Acute Anorexia Nervosa Patients—Comparing Recall, Learning, and Recognition of Semantically Related and Semantically Unrelated Word Stimuli
Authors: Terhoeven Valentin , Kallen Ursula , Ingenerf Katrin , Aschenbrenner Steffen , Weisbrod Matthias , Herzog Wolfgang , Brockmeyer Timo , Friederich Hans‐Christoph , Nikendei Christoph 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveIt is unclear whether observed memory impairment in anorexia nervosa (AN) depends on the semantic structure (categorized words) of material to be encoded. We aimed to investigate the processing of semantically related information in AN.MethodMemory performance was assessed in a recall, learning, and recognition test in 27 adult women with AN (19 restricting, 8 binge‐eating/purging subtype; average disease duration: 9.32 years) and 30 healthy controls using an extended version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, applying semantically related and unrelated word stimuli.ResultsShort‐term memory (immediate recall, learning), regardless of semantics of the words, was significantly worse in AN patients, whereas long‐term memory (delayed recall, recognition) did not differ between AN patients and controls.DiscussionSemantics of stimuli do not have a better effect on memory recall in AN compared to CO. Impaired short‐term versus long‐term memory is discussed in relation to dysfunctional working memory in AN. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A critical review of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phototoxicity models
Authors: Marzooghi Solmaz , Di Toro Dominic M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to exhibit photo-induced toxicity. Hundreds to thousands of PAH parent and substituted compounds are found in the environment, and developing a predictive model applicable to a wide variety of PAHs and organisms is a necessary precursor to environmental risk assessments. There has been evolutionary progress in phototoxicity modeling since 1977. In the present study, a comprehensive review of the models developed to predict phototoxicity of PAHs is presented. The contributions of each of the models to the state of the art are discussed. The models are compared in terms of their scope of applicability to different organisms, PAHs, endpoints (median lethal time and median lethal concentration), and light conditions. The current state of the science that accounts for the key elements of phototoxicity modeling, including the differences in species sensitivity, the partitioning of PAHs into the target lipid of the organisms, and light absorption by the chemicals, as well as light exposure time and conditions, is discussed. In addition, the remaining issues that need to be addressed are explored: the effect of time-varying exposures to light and PAH concentrations, and the lack of a mechanistic understanding that can explain the failure of the Bunsen–Roscoe law of reciprocity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1138–1148. © 2016 SETAC
A finite volume shock‐capturing solver of the fully coupled shallow water‐sediment equations
Authors: Creed Maggie J. , Apostolidou Ilektra‐Georgia , Taylor Paul H. , Borthwick Alistair G.L. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThis paper describes a numerical solver of well‐balanced, 2D depth‐averaged shallow water‐sediment equations. The equations permit variable horizontal fluid density and are designed to model water‐sediment flow over a mobile bed. A Godunov‐type, Harten–Lax–van Leer contact (HLLC) finite volume scheme is used to solve the fully coupled system of hyperbolic conservation laws that describe flow hydrodynamics, suspended sediment transport, bedload transport and bed morphological change. Dependent variables are specially selected to handle the presence of the variable density property in the mathematical formulation. The model is verified against analytical and semi‐analytical solutions for bedload transport and suspended sediment transport, respectively. The well‐balanced property of the equations is verified for a variable‐density dam break flow over discontinuous bathymetry. Simulations of an idealised dam‐break flow over an erodible bed are in excellent agreement with previously published results, validating the ability of the model to capture the complex interaction between rapidly varying flow and an erodible bed and validating the eigenstructure of the system of variable‐density governing equations. Flow hydrodynamics and final bed topography of a laboratory‐based 2D partial dam breach over a mobile bed are satisfactorily reproduced by the numerical model. Comparison of the final bed topographies, computed for two distinct sediment transport methods, highlights the sensitivity of shallow water‐sediment models to the choice of closure relationships. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
End‐of‐life treatment decisions in nursing home residents dying with dementia in the Netherlands
Authors: Hendriks Simone A. , Smalbrugge Martin , Deliens Luc , Koopmans Raymond T. C. M. , Onwuteaka‐Philipsen Bregje D. , Hertogh Cees M. P. M. , van der Steen Jenny T. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveThe objective was to describe end‐of‐life treatment decisions for patients dying with dementia in various stages of dementia in long‐term care facilities in the Netherlands with elderly care physicians responsible for treatment and care.MethodsWe present data collected in the nationally representative Dutch End of Life in Dementia study (2007–2011). Within 2 weeks after death, 103 physicians completed questionnaires about the last phase of life in 330 residents with dementia who resided in 1 of 34 participating long‐term care facilities. We used descriptive statistics.ResultsAdvance directives were rare (4.9%). A minority was hospitalized (8.0%) in the last month (mainly for fractures) or received antibiotics (24.2%) in the last week (mainly for pneumonia). Four residents received tube feeding or rehydration therapy in the last week. In almost half of the residents (42.3%), decisions were made not to start potentially life‐prolonging treatment such as hospital transfer and artificial nutrition and hydration. In more than half of the residents (53.7%), decisions were made to withdraw potentially life‐prolonging treatment such as artificial nutrition and hydration and medication. Antibiotics were more frequently prescribed for residents with less advanced dementia, but otherwise there were no differences in treatment decisions between residents with advanced and less advanced dementia.ConclusionsPhysicians often withhold potentially burdensome life‐prolonging treatment in nursing home residents in all stages of dementia in the Netherlands. This suggests that the physicians feel that a palliative care approach is appropriate at the end of life in dementia in long‐term care. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. StartCopTextCopyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disruptions in the left frontoparietal network underlie resting state endophenotypic markers in schizophrenia
Authors: Chahine George , Richter Anja , Wolter Sarah , Goya‐Maldonado Roberto , Gruber Oliver 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAdvances in functional brain imaging have improved the search for potential endophenotypic markers in schizophrenia. Here, we employed independent component analysis (ICA) and dynamic causal modeling (DCM) in resting state fMRI on a sample of 35 schizophrenia patients, 20 first‐degree relatives and 35 control subjects. Analysis on ICA‐derived networks revealed increased functional connectivity between the left frontoparietal network (FPN) and left temporal and parietal regions in schizophrenia patients (P < 0.001). First‐degree relatives shared this hyperconnectivity, in particular in the supramarginal gyrus (SMG; P = 0.008). DCM analysis was employed to further explore underlying effective connectivity. Results showed increased inhibitory connections to the left angular gyrus (AG) in schizophrenia patients from all other nodes of the left FPN (P < 0.001), and in particular from the left SMG (P = 0.001). Relatives also showed a pattern of increased inhibitory connections to the left AG (P = 0.008). Furthermore, the patient group showed increased excitatory connectivity between the left fusiform gyrus and the left SMG (P = 0.002). This connection was negatively correlated to inhibitory afferents to the left AG (P = 0.005) and to the negative symptom score on the PANSS scale (P = 0.001, r = −0.51). Left frontoparietotemporal dysfunction in schizophrenia has been previously associated with a range of abnormalities, including formal thought disorder, working memory dysfunction and sensory hallucinations. Our analysis uncovered new potential endophenotypic markers of schizophrenia and shed light on the organization of the left FPN in patients and their first‐degree relatives. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1741–1750, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.