bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrences and genesis of palygorskite/sepiolite and associated minerals in the Barzaman formation, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Draidia Salah , El Ouahabi Meriam , Daoudi Lahcen , Havenith Hans-Balder , Fagel Nathalie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Barzaman Formation exposed in the United Arab Emirates was deposited as a series of fluvial sediment sequences lying along the western margin of the Hajar Mountains, part of the Oman–UAE ophiolite. This formation consists of a sequence of rocks dominated by variably cemented and altered conglomerates comprising calcareous siltstones and calcareous clays deposited during the Miocene to Pliocene under a humid climate. The conglomerates are composed largely of ultramafic and lesser-mafic clasts. The present study was undertaken in order to understand the occurrence and genesis of palygorskite and sepiolite in relation to the environmental changes including evaporitic and sabkha environments.Sediments were collected from two trenches and a drill hole of ∼22 m depth. Samples were analysed by optical petrograpy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Pedogenesis occurred at the deeper level in well cemented conglomerate which constitutes the hard crust. Post-depositional erosion started in marine phreatic or vadose zones as shown by the neoformation of serpentine from the weathering of olivine as well as of calcite and dolomite. Neoformation of palygorskite, sepiolite, dolomite and halite occurred under evaporitic conditions on calcareous silty clay facies. Relatively hot, vadose and oxidizing environmental conditions affected the calcareous siltstone facies leading to the genesis of dolomite and palygorskite by direct precipitation from solution rich in Ca, Mg, Al, Fe and Si ions.
Conversion of protonic magadiite to PLS-1 zeolite: thermal stability and acidity
Authors: Kooli Fethi , Plevert Jacques , Liu Yan , Hbaieb Kais , Al-Faze Rawan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA synthetic protonic magadiite was used as a silica source to prepare zeolitic material (PLS-1) in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide and water. The conversion of the protonic magadiite to the PLS-1 phase was achieved at 150°C after 5 days, or at 170°C after 3 days for SiO2: TMAOH:H2O molar ratios of 2.54:1:4.4. The synthesis of the pure PLS-1 phase depended also on the amounts of tetramethylammonium hydroxide and water used. Analysis by29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed the layered character of the PLS-1 phase with a resonance at −93 ppm, and its dehydroxylation-condensation process. The chemical formula of (TMA)2Si18O33(OH)6for PLS-1 was refined with the Rietveld method and the tetrahedron-splitting model. The later model has been proposed to describe the presence of silanol defects in the layered structure of PLS-1. Upon calcinations of the PLS-1 phase at temperatures >400°C, the removal of TMA cations and dehydroxlyation of PLS-1 layers resulted in a three-dimensional structure phase identified as the CDS-1 phase, with a chemical formula of Si18O36. The CDS-1 phase exhibited a large specific surface area of 288 m2/g and microporous character, as indicated by the nitrogen adsorption isotherms. The temperature-programmed desorption profile of ammonia indicated that CDS-1 exhibited one weak type of acid sites, confirmed, by pyridine desorption studies, as weak Lewis acid sites.
The GDR’s Westpolitik and everyday anticommunism in West Germany
Authors: Hoffmann Dierk 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWest German anticommunism and the SED’s Westarbeit were to some extent interrelated. From the beginning, each German state had attemted to stabilise its own social system while trying to discredit its political opponent. The claim to sole representation and the refusal to acknowledge each other delineated governmental action on both sides. Anticommunism in West Germany re-developed under the conditions of the Cold War, which allowed it to become virtually the reason of state and to serve as a tool for the exclusion of KPD supporters. In its turn, the SED branded the West German State as ‘revanchist’ and instrumentalised its anticommunism to persecute and eliminate opponents within the GDR. Both phenomena had an integrative and exclusionary element.
Sodium variability is associated with increased mortality in severe burn injury
Authors: Sen Soman , Tran Nam , Chan Brian , Palmieri Tina L. , Greenhalgh David G. , Cho Kiho 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
Dysnatremias are associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients. Hypernatremia in burn patients is also associated with poor survival. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that high plasma sodium variability is a marker for increased mortality in severely burn-injured patients.

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of adult burn patients with a burn injury of 15% total body surface area (TBSA) or greater from 2010 to 2014. All patients included in the study had at least three serum sodium levels checked during admission. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine if hypernatremia, hyponatremia, or sodium variability independently increased the odds ratio (OR) for death.

Results
Two hundred twelve patients met entry criteria. Mean age and %TBSA for the study was 45 ± 18 years and 32 ± 19%. Twenty-nine patients died for a mortality rate of 14%. Serum sodium was measured 10,310 times overall. The median number of serum sodium measurements per patient was 22. Non-survivors were older (59 ± 19 vs. 42 ± 16 years) and suffered from a more severe burn injury (50 ± 25% vs. 29 ± 16%TBSA). While mean sodium was significantly higher for non-survivors (138 ± 3 milliequivalents/liter (meq/l)) than for survivors (135 ± 2 meq/l), mean sodium levels remained within the laboratory reference range (135 to 145 meq/l) for both groups. Non-survivors had a significantly higher median number of hypernatremic (&gt; 145 meq/l) measurements (2 vs. 0). Coefficient of variation (CV) was significantly higher in non-survivors (2.85 ± 1.1) than survivors (2.0 ± 0.7). Adjusting for TBSA, age, ventilator days, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, a higher CV of sodium measurements was associated with mortality (OR 5.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5 to 22)). Additionally, large variation in sodium ranges in the first 10 days of admission may be associated with increased mortality (OR 1.35 (95% CI 1.06 to1.7)).

Conclusions
Increased variability in plasma sodium may be associated with death in severely burned patients.
New Persistent Opioid Use Among Patients With Cancer After Curative-Intent Surgery
Authors: Lee Jay Soong-Jin , Hu Hsou Mei , Edelman Anthony L. , Brummett Chad M. , Englesbe Michael J. , Waljee Jennifer F. , Smerage Jeffrey B. , Griggs Jennifer J. , Nathan Hari , Jeruss Jacqueline S. , Dossett Lesly A. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose The current epidemic of prescription opioid misuse has increased scrutiny of postoperative opioid prescribing. Some 6% to 8% of opioid-naïve patients undergoing noncancer procedures develop new persistent opioid use; however, it is unknown if a similar risk applies to patients with cancer. We sought to define the risk of new persistent opioid use after curative-intent surgery, identify risk factors, and describe changes in daily opioid dose over time after surgery. Methods Using a national data set of insurance claims, we identified patients with cancer undergoing curative-intent surgery from 2010 to 2014. We included melanoma, breast, colorectal, lung, esophageal, and hepato-pancreato-biliary/gastric cancer. Primary outcomes were new persistent opioid use (opioid-naïve patients who continued filling opioid prescriptions 90 to 180 days after surgery) and daily opioid dose (evaluated monthly during the year after surgery). Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for new persistent opioid use. Results A total of 68,463 eligible patients underwent curative-intent surgery and filled opioid prescriptions. Among opioid-naïve patients, the risk of new persistent opioid use was 10.4% (95% CI, 10.1% to 10.7%). One year after surgery, these patients continued filling prescriptions with daily doses similar to chronic opioid users ( P = .05), equivalent to six tablets per day of 5-mg hydrocodone. Those receiving adjuvant chemotherapy had modestly higher doses ( P = .002), but patients with no chemotherapy still had doses equivalent to five tablets per day of 5-mg hydrocodone. Across different procedures, the covariate-adjusted risk of new persistent opioid use in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy was 15% to 21%, compared with 7% to 11% for those with no chemotherapy. Conclusion New persistent opioid use is a common iatrogenic complication in patients with cancer undergoing curative-intent surgery. This problem requires changes to prescribing guidelines and patient counseling during the surveillance and survivorship phases of care.
Effect of Stellate Ganglion Block on the Regional Hemodynamics of the Upper Extremity: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Min Kyoung , Yi Myung Sub , Park Pyung Gul , Kang Hyun , Lee Jae Sung , Shin Hwa Yong 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND:
The success of stellate ganglion block (SGB) is traditionally determined on the basis of findings such as Horner’s syndrome, temperature rise in the face, hyperemia of the tympanic membrane, and nasal congestion. However, decreases in vascular resistance and increases in blood flow in the arm may be more meaningful findings. To date, the effect of SGB on the regional hemodynamics of the arm has not been evaluated using pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound.

METHODS:
A total of 52 patients who were to undergo orthopedic surgery of the forearm were randomly assigned to either the mepivacaine group (SGB with 5 mL of 0.5% mepivacaine) or the saline group (SGB with 5 mL of normal saline). Before surgery, a single anesthesiologist performed a SGB under ultrasound guidance. The temperature of the upper extremity and the resistance index and blood flow in the brachial artery were measured before SGB, 15 and 30 minutes after SGB, and 1 hour after surgery. The severity of pain, requirement for rescue analgesics, and side effects of the local anesthetic agent were all documented.

RESULTS:
After SGB, the resistance index decreased significantly and the blood flow increased significantly in the brachial artery of members of the mepivacaine group (15 minutes: P = .004 and P < .001, respectively; 30 minutes: P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). However, these values normalized after surgery. The severity of pain, need for rescue analgesics, and incidence of adverse effects were not significantly different between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although SGB did not decrease the pain associated with forearm surgery, ultrasound-guided SGB did increase blood flow and decrease vascular resistance in the arm. Therefore, pulsed-wave Doppler may be used to monitor the success of SGB.
Regioselective Cascade Synthesis of Chloro-Substituted 6H-Benzo[c]chromenes via Benzannulation
Authors: Muralidhar Baitinti , Reddy Sabbasani Rajasekhara 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A simple and efficient cascade synthesis was achieved to produce chloro substituted 9-phenyl-6H-benzo[c]chromenes under mild and additive-free reaction conditions via chlorination followed by benzannulation. This would be a green alternative approach to introduce a chlorine atom on poly hetero aromatic rings without use of other toxic and malodorous chlorinating agents. The core structure is a part of several biological active compounds, and this new protocol allows design of new polyheterocyclic frameworks using an alternative to traditional cross-coupling strategies.
Dye-Cucurbit[n]uril Complexes as Sensor Elements for Reliable Pattern Recognition of Biogenic Polyamines
Authors: Park Kyeng Min , Kim Jeeyeon , Ko Young Ho , Ahn Youngjoo , Murray James , Li Meng , Shrinidhi Annadka , Kim Kimoon 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe host-guest complexes between commercially available fluorescence dyes and cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n], n = 6, 7 and 8) were exploited as multiple sensor elements to provide arrays for sensing biogenic amines using principal component analysis (PCA). Since the sensor elements respond differently to each amine, the array generates distinct patterns of fluorescence changes for each amine. We analyzed these results using PCA to allow precise discrimination of individual biogenic amines. This result demonstrated the great potential of these host-guest complexes as useful sensor elements for biogenic molecules, which may be useful to develop a diagnostic tool for diseases including cancers.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF PRO-ADRENOMEDULLIN, PROCALCITONIN AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
Authors: Miteva Darina , Radkov Yordan , Ivanova Lilyia , Chervenkov Trifon , Kostadinova Vanya 
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Various biomarkers are used to evaluate the severity and prognosis of community acquired pneumonia (CAP).Objectives: To study and compare the prognostic value of MR-proADM, Đ ĐˇĐ˘ and CRP in predicting the severity and outcome of CAP.Methods: A prospective cohort study of 92 patients hospitalized with CAP in the Clinic of Pneumology and Phthisiatrics of MHAT â€śSaint Marinaâ€ťâ€“Varna in 2015 was conducted. The biomarkers were measured on admission. Midregional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) and procalcitonin (Đ ĐˇĐ˘) were measured by standard ELISA, and C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined by latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. CAP severity was assessed by CURB-65.Results: Patients were on average 59.2Â±16.8 years of age; 68.5% of them were male. The in-hospital mortality rate was 7.6%. The three biomarkers MR-proADM, Đ ĐˇĐ˘ and CRP were significantly higher in non-survivors compared to survivors (0.918Â±0.045 ng/ml vs. 0.397Â±0.269ng/ml, Ń€<0.001; 2.14Â±0.60ng/ml vs. 1.12Â±0.68ng/ml, Ń€<0.001 and 215.12Â±96.39 mg/L vs.175.74Â±221.5mg/L, p<0.05 respectively). In patients who needed intensive care, the biomarkers were also significantly higher than those in patients treated in the general hospital unit (0.509Â±0.336ng/ml vs. 0.414Â±0.28ng/ml, Ń€<0.05; 1.92Â±0.76 ng/ml vs. 1.15Â±0.70ng/ml, p<0.05 and 221.98Â±100.34 mg/L vs. 165.31Â±122.84 mg/L, p<0.05 resp.). MR-proADM and Đ ĐˇĐ˘ showed a moderate correlation with the CURB-65 (r=0.33, p<0.01 and r=0.30, p<0.05 respectively). CRP did not correlate with the CURB-65 (r=0.10, p>0.05).Conclusion: MR-proADM, Đ ĐˇĐ˘ and CRP were significantly higher in non-survivors and in patients treated in the intensive care unit. MR-proADM and Đ ĐˇĐ˘ showed a moderate correlation with the CURB-65, while the correlation coefficient for MR-proADM was higher. CRP did not correlate with the CURB-65.
A LOCAL BRAND AND “FMOT” OR FIRST MOMENT OF TRUTH
Authors: Helde Aivars 
Published: October 2017

This study examines the nature of an advertisement with the focus on social discourse and First Moment of Truth (FMOT) in the context of this research. This paper aims at analyzing different commercial advertisements (product/non-product ads) to investigate the intentions and techniques of consumer product companies in reaching more consumers and selling more products. First Moment of Truth (FMOT) represents the “a-ha” moment when a consumer is confronted with a product and related alternatives, assumed to take place in everyday life. This is considered to be the point when a consumer decides to buy a specific brand or product. Although commonly the First Moment of Truth as a technique, is used as online or in- store selling, this technique has a crucial role in the perception of print advertising too. “Any time a customer comes into contact with a business, however remote, they have an opportunity to form an impression,” said Jan Carlzon, president of Scandinavian Airlines, defining the Moment of Truth in business. It has now crossed over into sales and marketing as others have embraced the term to describe different customer and consumer behavior (Shep Hyken). As soon as people in Latviaare going to trust to the national brand more, it is very important to focus on the visual manifestation of a local brand. The Norman Fairclough’s 3-D model, Kress Van Leeuwen’s grammar of visual design, and the French semiotician Roland Barthes(1977) suggested theoretical and semiotic tools for analyzing and understanding advertisements are used to analyzing the data. All materials are taken from the Latvian media.
Hip fracture surgery in mixed-use emergency theatres: is the infection risk increased? A retrospective matched cohort study
Authors: Agarwal SK , Khan AA , Solan M , Lemon M 
Published: October 2017

Introduction The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence recommends that people with hip fracture should have surgery on the day of, or the day after, admission. However, there remains unacceptable variation in performance around the country, with a range of 13–91% of patients meeting this target. Dedicated trauma lists have insufficient capacity in many hospitals. We occasionally employ a mixed-use emergency theatre to facilitate early surgery. Increased risk of infection has been raised as a concern owing to microbial surface contamination from a preceding unclean case and lack of laminar flow in these theatres. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is an increased risk of surgical site infections in patients who had hip fracture surgery in a mixed-use emergency theatre. Methods Between August 2010 and July 2014, 74 patients had hip fracture surgery in a mixed-use emergency theatre without laminar flow. This group was compared with a control group of patients who had hip fracture surgery in dedicated orthopaedic theatres with laminar flow. Infection was the primary outcome measured. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of infection, length of stay or 30-day mortality, readmission or reoperation rates between the two groups. Conclusions Operating on hip fractures in mixed-use theatre did not lead to an increase in infection or other complications in our series. We feel that the risk of infection can be balanced against advantages of timely operation and it may therefore be justified to use these theatres when faced with lack of time on the trauma list. A much larger series would be required to investigate the effects of confounders.
Anorectal melanoma: experience from a tertiary cancer care centre in South India
Authors: Ranjith S , Muralee M , Sajeed A , Arun PM , Cherian K , Nair CK , Augustine P , Ahamed I 
Published: October 2017

Introduction Mucosal malignant melanoma of the anorectum is a rare and aggressive disease, in which early diagnosis is difficult. The prognosis remains extremely poor, irrespective of the treatment. We share our experience in treating this malignancy at our centre in South India. Methods This study describes a retrospective analysis of 31 cases of anorectal melanoma presented to our centre between January 2001 and December 2013. Results Twenty-two patients (71%) presented with metastasis and had a median overall survival of nine months. None of the 22 patients survived for two years. Nine patients (29%) had curative surgery, in the form of abdominoperineal resection (six patients), abdominoperineal resection with bilateral inguinal node dissection (one patient), abdominoperineal resection with liver resection (one patient) and posterior exenteration (one patient). In patients who underwent curative surgery, the median overall survival was 15 months and disease-free survival was nine months, with a two-year overall survival of 22%. Conclusions Anorectal melanoma is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. The majority of patients present with distant metastases. Prognosis depends on stage at presentation. Early diagnosis and surgical resection may improve the overall outcome. Newer modalities such as immunotherapy and targeted therapies such as anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibody and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 monoclonal antibodies have radically changed the management of mucosal melanoma and may, in the future, improve the overall prognosis of anorectal melanoma.
Ostomy creation with fewer sutures using tissue adhesives (cyanoacrylates) in inflammatory bowel disease: a pilot study
Authors: Uchino M , Ikeuchi H , Bando T , Sasaki H , Chohno T , Horio Y , Takesue Y 
Published: October 2017

Introduction Fistula formation around the ostomy site is a stoma-related complication often requiring surgical intervention. This complication may be caused by sutures or may develop as a complication of inflammatory bowel disease. Before conducting a clinical trial, we set out to investigate the safety of ostomy creation with fewer sutures using tissue adhesives in this pilot study. Methods Patients with inflammatory bowel disease who required surgery with ostomy creation at the Hyogo College of Medicine between January 2014 and December 2015 were enrolled. Safety was assessed by evaluating the incidence of stoma-related complications. Ostomy was restricted to loop ileostomy and was created with two sutures and tissue adhesives. Results A total of 14 patients were enrolled. Mean body mass index was 18.9 ± 2.0 kg/m2. There were no cases of ostomy retraction and no severe adverse events were observed. Conclusions This pilot study demonstrates that ostomy creation using tissue adhesives is safe. Although retraction and adverse events were not observed, even in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who generally exhibit delayed wound healing, the body mass index was extremely low in this series. This study does not strongly recommend ostomy creation with tissue adhesives; further studies are needed to clarify the efficacy and safety of the procedure.
Penetrating neck injuries: a guide to evaluation and management
Authors: Nowicki JL , Stew B , Ooi E 
Published: October 2017

Introduction Penetrating neck injury is a relatively uncommon trauma presentation with the potential for significant morbidity and possible mortality. There are no international consensus guidelines on penetrating neck injury management and published reviews tend to focus on traditional zonal approaches. Recent improvements in imaging modalities have altered the way in which penetrating neck injuries are now best approached with a more conservative stance. A literature review was completed to provide clinicians with a current practice guideline for evaluation and management of penetrating neck injuries. Methods A comprehensive MEDLINE (PubMed) literature search was conducted using the search terms ‘penetrating neck injury’, ‘penetrating neck trauma’, ‘management’, ‘guidelines’ and approach. All articles in English were considered. Articles with only limited relevance to the review were subsequently discarded. All other articles which had clear relevance concerning the epidemiology, clinical features and surgical management of penetrating neck injuries were included. Results After initial resuscitation with Advanced Trauma Life Support principles, penetrating neck injury management depends on whether the patient is stable or unstable on clinical evaluation. Patients whose condition is unstable should undergo immediate operative exploration. Patients whose condition is stable who lack hard signs should undergo multidetector helical computed tomography with angiography for evaluation of the injury, regardless of the zone of injury. Conclusions The ‘no zonal approach’ to penetrating neck trauma is a selective approach with superior patient outcomes in comparison with traditional management principles. We present an evidence-based, algorithmic and practical guide for clinicians to use when assessing and managing penetrating neck injury.