bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum C‐reactive protein and S100A12 concentrations in dogs with hepatic disease
Authors: Craig S. M. , Fry J. K. , Rodrigues Hoffmann A. , Manino P. , Heilmann R. M. , Suchodolski J. S. , Steiner J. M. , Hottinger H. A. , Hunter S. L. , Lidbury J. A. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVESTo describe serum C‐reactive protein and S100A12 concentrations in dogs with hepatic disease and to determine whether there is a relationship between the concentration of either and the severity of hepatic necroinflammation.METHODSSerum C‐reactive protein and S100A12 concentrations were measured in 46 dogs undergoing hepatic biopsy. Dogs were divided into three groups: congenital portosystemic shunts, chronic hepatitis and hepatic neoplasia. The histological severity of hepatic necroinflammation was scored.RESULTSC‐reactive protein and S100A12 concentrations were greater than the upper limit of the reference intervals in 39 and 26% of dogs, respectively. There was no association of disease group with C‐reactive protein (P=0·1733) or S100A12 (P=0·1513) concentrations. There was a positive correlation between serum C‐reactive protein concentration and hepatic necroinflammatory activity (rs=0·428, P=0·006).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEIncreased serum C‐reactive protein and S100A12 concentrations were observed in a subpopulation of dogs with various types of hepatic diseases, suggesting acute‐phase inflammation and activation of phagocytic cells, respectively. Dogs with higher hepatic necroinflammatory activity scores tended to have higher serum C‐reactive protein concentrations. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding in a larger group of dogs.
Teaching to Hate through Theater: Hate, Violence, and the Invention of Piety in French Passion Plays
Authors: Marculescu Andreea 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn the pre‐modern Christian imaginary, the tortured body of Christ represents a theological, visual, and performative conglomerate meant to edify Christian piety while fueling feelings of hate against the Jews. The fifteenth century French Passion Plays – large‐scale dramatic representations about the public life of Christ –are no exception in this sense either. Indeed, as theater historians argue, the plays encompass the minutiae of Christ's ordeal in order to coerce theater audience into cultivating such feelings of both piety and hate. While the persecuted body of Christ is for sure a powerful emotional vector, one should not forget that hate is also articulated through a particular vocabulary stemming out from certain intellectual practices and sources that do not necessarily have racial connotations. This paper will analyze the displacement and adaptation of such vocabularies of hate from its original background to the emotional economy in the plays.
An intervention programme for enhancing kindergarteners' cognitive engagement and comprehension skills through reading informational texts
Authors: Chlapana Elissavet 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate whether systematic instruction of informational texts can enhance kindergarteners' cognitive involvement in text discussion and comprehension skills. The sample consisted of 15 children aged 5–6 years old in a kindergarten classroom located in a rural area in Rethymno, Crete. A four‐phase intervention programme was implemented within a 2‐month period. During the first phase, activities were carried out in order to familiarise children with the features of informational texts. During the subsequent phases, reciprocal teaching, What I know ‐ What I want to learn ‐ What I learned (KWL) practice and dialogic reading were used to help children comprehend text information, enhance their cognitive involvement in text discussion and train them in asking literal and inferential questions. The teacher's reading‐aloud sessions were recorded and transcribed. Data showed that the intervention programme helped children recognise the features of informational texts, enhanced their cognitive involvement in text discussion and motivated them to demonstrate comprehension skills that are related to information processing.
Assessing current genetic status of the Hainan gibbon using historical and demographic baselines: implications for conservation management of species of extreme rarity
Authors: Bryant J. V. , Gottelli D. , Zeng X. , Hong X. , Chan B. P. L. , Fellowes J. R. , Zhang Y. , Luo J. , Durrant C. , Geissmann T. , Chatterjee H. J. , Turvey S. T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEvidence‐based conservation planning is crucial for informing management decisions for species of extreme rarity, but collection of robust data on genetic status or other parameters can be extremely challenging for such species. The Hainan gibbon, possibly the world's rarest mammal, consists of a single population of ~25 individuals restricted to one protected area on Hainan Island, China, and has persisted for over 30 years at exceptionally low population size. Analysis of genotypes at 11 microsatellite loci from faecal samples for 36% of the current global population and tissue samples from 62% of existing historical museum specimens demonstrates limited current genetic diversity (Na = 2.27,Ar = 2.24,He = 0.43); diversity has declined since the 19th century and even further within the last 30 years, representing declines of ~30% from historical levels (Na = 3.36,Ar = 3.29,He = 0.63). Significant differentiation is seen between current and historical samples (FST = 0.156,P = 0.0315), and the current population exhibits extremely smallNe(currentNe = 2.16). There is evidence for both a recent population bottleneck and an earlier bottleneck, with population size already reasonably low by the late 19th century (historicalNe = 1162.96). Individuals in the current population are related at the level of half‐ to full‐siblings between social groups, and full‐siblings or parent–offspring within a social group, suggesting that inbreeding is likely to increase in the future. The species' current reduced genetic diversity must be considered during conservation planning, particularly for expectations of likely population recovery, indicating that intensive, carefully planned management is essential.
Cell death triggering and effector recognition by Sw‐5 SD‐CNL proteins from resistant and susceptible tomato isolines to Tomato spotted wilt virus
Authors: De Oliveira Athos Silva , Koolhaas Ivo , Boiteux Leonardo Silva , Caldararu Octav F. , Petrescu Andrei‐Jose , Oliveira Resende Renato , Kormelink Richard 
Published: June 2016

SummaryOnly a limited number of dominant resistance genes acting against plant viruses have been cloned, and further functional studies of these have been almost entirely limited to the resistance genes Rx against Potato virus X (PVX) and N against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Recently, the cell‐to‐cell movement protein (NSM) of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) has been identified as the avirulence determinant (Avr) of Sw‐5b‐mediated resistance, a dominant resistance gene which belongs to the class of SD‐CC‐NB‐LRR (Solanaceae domain‐coiled coil‐nucleotide‐binding‐leucine‐rich repeat, SD‐CNL) resistance genes. On transient expression of the NSM protein in tomato and transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana harbouring the Sw‐5b gene, a hypersensitive cell death response (HR) is triggered. Here, it is shown that high accumulation of the Sw‐5b protein in N. benthamiana leaves, achieved by co‐expression of the Sw‐5b protein with RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs), leads to auto‐activity in the absence of NSM. In a similar approach, Sw‐5a, the highest conserved paralogue of Sw‐5b from Solanum peruvianum, also triggered HR by auto‐activation, whereas the highest conserved orthologue from susceptible S. lycopersicum, named Sw‐5aS, did not. However, neither of the last two homologues was able to trigger an NSM‐dependent HR. Truncated and mutated versions of these Sw‐5 proteins revealed that the NB‐ARC [nucleotide‐binding adaptor shared by Apaf‐1 (from humans), R proteins and CED‐4 (from nematodes)] domain is sufficient for the triggering of HR and seems to be suppressed by the SD‐CC domain. Furthermore, a single mutation was sufficient to restore auto‐activity within the NB‐ARC domain of Sw‐5aS. When the latter domain was fused to the Sw‐5b LRR domain, NSM‐dependent HR triggering was regained, but not in the presence of its own Sw‐5aS LRR domain. Expression analysis in planta revealed a nucleocytoplasmic localization pattern of Sw‐5b, in which the SD‐CC domain seems to be required for nuclear translocation. Although the Sw‐5 N‐terminal CC domain, in contrast with Rx, contains an additional SD, most findings from this study support a conserved role of domains within NB‐LRR (NLR) proteins against plant viruses.
Cognitive and hedonic responses to meal ingestion correlate with changes in circulating metabolites
Authors: Malagelada C. , Barba I. , Accarino A. , Molne L. , Mendez S. , Campos E. , Gonzalez A. , Alonso‐Cotoner C. , Santos J. , Malagelada J.‐R. , Azpiroz F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously shown that meal ingestion induces cognitive perception (sensations) with a hedonic dimension (well‐being) that depends on the characteristics of the meal and the appropriateness of the digestive response. The aim of the present study is to identify metabolomic biomarkers of the cognitive response to meal ingestion.MethodsIn 18 healthy subjects, the response to a test meal (Edanec, 1 kcal/mL) ingested until maximum satiation (50 mL/min) was assessed. Perception measurements and blood samples were taken before, at the end of the meal, and 20 min after ingestion. The cognitive response and the hedonic dimension were measured on 10 cm scales. Metabolomic analysis was performed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and values of triglycerides, insulin, peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) were determined using conventional laboratory techniques.Key ResultsIngestion up to maximum satiation induced sensation of fullness and decreased digestive well‐being. The total amount ingested by each subject correlated with the basal sensation of hunger, but not with other sensations or blood metabolite levels. Immediately after ingestion, satiation correlated with an increase in glucose (R = 0.49; p = 0.038) and valine levels (R = 0.48; p = 0.043). Twenty‐minutes after finalizing ingestion, triglyceride levels had significantly increased which correlated with the recovery in well‐being (R = 0.48; p = 0.046) and the decrease in desire to eat a food of choice (R = −0.56; p = 0.016). The increase in lipids inversely correlated with abdominal discomfort (R = −0.51; p = 0.032).Conclusions & InferencesCognitive and hedonic responses to meal ingestion correlate with changes in circulating metabolites, which may serve as objective biomarkers of perception.
Potential of microbial‐derived nutrients for aquaculture development
Authors: Gamboa‐Delgado Julián , Márquez‐Reyes Julia Mariana 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFisheries and aquaculture products will have a lead role in satisfying the food requirements of the growing human population. The fish meal required for the manufacture of aquaculture feeds represents a limited resource having high demand. Unconventional sources of nutrients have been intensely researched and among these, the microbial biomass produced from heterotrophic and autotrophic microorganisms has been considered as a promising substitute for animal‐ and plant‐derived ingredients. Several studies have shown that different species of yeast, bacteria and microalgae are viable for high density culture and show excellent nutritional characteristics for terrestrial and aquatic animals. Such features have lead to additional research to upscale production and although production costs are still high; novel, sophisticated methods have focused on utilizing alternative substrates for producing microbial biomass. The aquaculture industry requires renewable nutrient sources that can yield high quality protein and other essential nutrients. In this context, the nutritional characteristics of microorganisms and the emerging technologies aimed to produce microbial biomass allow forecasting increased applications. The present manuscript reviews the current state of the production and use of microorganisms as dietary ingredients in aquaculture nutrition, with emphasis on those showing solid potential as functional additives and fish meal replacement ingredients. A synthesis of recent results on the effects promoted by the dietary inclusion of microbial biomass is presented, underlining the employment of different sources of yeast, bacteria and microalgae and the physiological ability of aquatic animals to utilize these alternative nutrient sources.
Use of Bayesian analysis with individual‐based modeling to project outcomes of coral restoration
Authors: Benjamin Caryl S. , Punongbayan Andalus T. , dela Cruz Dexter W. , Villanueva Ronald D. , Baria Maria Vanessa B. , Yap Helen T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractVarious approaches to coral restoration have been developed to help increase rate of reef recovery from perturbations, among the most common of which is coral transplantation. Success is often evaluated based on short‐term observations that capture only the initial phase of space colonization by coral transplants. Here, an individual‐based model is developed to quantify uncertainty in future trajectories in experimental plots given past observations. Empirical data were used to estimate probabilistic growth, survival, and fission rates of Acropora pulchra and A. intermedia (order Scleractinia) in a sandy reef flat (Bolinao, Philippines). Simulations were initialized with different densities (25 or 50 transplants per species per 16 m2) to forecast possible coral cover trajectories over a 5‐year period. Given current conditions, there is risk of local extinction which is higher in low‐density plots for both species, and higher for A. intermedia compared to A. pulchra regardless of density. While total coral cover is projected to increase, species composition in the future is more likely to be highly uneven. The model was used to quantify effect on recovery rate of protection from pulse anthropogenic disturbances, given different initial transplantation densities. When monitoring data are limited in time, stochastic models may be used to assess whether the restoration trajectory is heading toward the desired state and at what rate, and foresee system response to various adaptive interventions.
The Role of Household Social Organization in the Structure of Rural Economies: Comparing Forest Resource Dependent and Agriculturally Dependent Regions in Russia
Authors: Glass Gary D. , O'Brien David J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSociologists have examined how structural economic change affects household social organization and generation of household income from different sources. The introduction of elements of a market economy into rural Russia in the early 1990s provides a unique opportunity to examine these relationships. Much of the work on this topic, however, has been conducted in black earth zone, agriculturally dependent regions. Less attention has been given to non‐black‐earth zone, forest resource dependent regions. This article addresses this limitation by comparing the relationships between household income generation strategies and household social organization in a 2009 survey of villages in three forest resource dependent regions in northwest Russia with findings from a 2006 survey of households in nine agricultural regions of Russia. Income generated from enterprises based on household social organization—household labor and social helping networks—is substantially greater in agriculturally dependent than in forest resource dependent regions. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding intranational regional differences in the relationship between economic systems, household social organization, and rural household economies as well as the obstacles facing policymakers and environmentalists who attempt to shift household income generation strategies away from an environmentally harmful lumber industry to income generation activities that are less harmful to the environment.
PAS or plasma for storage of platelets? A concise review
Authors: van der Meer P. F. 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYPlatelet additive solutions (PASs) are becoming increasingly popular for storage of platelets, and PAS is steadily replacing plasma as the storage medium of platelets. PASs are electrolyte solutions intended for storage of platelets, and they are used to modulate the quality of the platelets by adding specific ingredients. All currently available PASs contain acetate. Acetate reduces the amount of glucose that is oxidised into lactic acid and thereby prevents the lowering of pH, which decreases platelet quality. Furthermore, the oxidation of acetate leads to the production of bicarbonate, which serves as buffer. The presence of potassium and magnesium in PAS prevents the lowering of pH and reduces the degree of spontaneous activation of the platelets during storage. In the hospital, platelets stored in PAS result in about half of the number of allergic transfusion reactions as compared with platelets in plasma. Recovery and survival after transfusion, as well as corrected count increments, are at least as good for platelets in PAS as for plasma, and recent data suggest they may even be better. Therefore, with the current generation of PASs, PAS should be preferred over the use of plasma for the storage of platelet concentrates.
Dorsal Arthroscopic Approach and Intra‐Articular Anatomy of the Bovine Antebrachiocarpal and Middle Carpal Joints
Authors: Lardé Hélène , Nichols Sylvain , Babkine Marie , Desrochers André 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo determine arthroscopic approaches to the dorsal synovial compartments of the antebrachiocarpal and middle carpal joints in adult cattle, and to describe the arthroscopic intra‐articular anatomy from each approach.Study DesignEx vivo study.AnimalsSix fresh adult bovine cadavers.MethodsTwo carpi were injected with latex and dissected to determine the ideal location for arthroscopic portals. Arthroscopy of the antebrachiocarpal and middle carpal joints of 10 carpi was then performed. The dorsolateral approach was made between the extensor carpi radialis and common digital extensor tendons. The dorsomedial approach was made medial to the extensor carpi radialis tendon, midway between the distal radius and proximal row of carpal bones (antebrachiocarpal joint) and midway between the two rows of carpal bones (middle carpal joint), with the joint in flexion.ResultsArthroscopy of the antebrachiocarpal joint allowed visualization of the distal radius, proximal aspect of the radial, intermediate and ulnar carpal bones, and a palmar ligament located between the radius and the intermediate carpal bone. The approach to the middle carpal joint allowed visualization of the distal aspect of the radial, intermediate, and ulnar carpal bones, the proximal aspect of the fourth and fused second and third carpal bones and an interosseous ligament. The most lateral articular structures (lateral glenoid cavity of the distal radius, ulnar carpal and fourth carpal bones) were difficult to assess.ConclusionDorsal approaches to the antebrachiocarpal and middle carpal joints allowed visualization of most intra‐articular dorsal structures in adult cattle.
Impact of wetting agents, time of day and periodic energy dosing strategy on the efficacy of hot water for weed control
Authors: De Cauwer B , De Keyser A , Biesemans N , Claerhout S , Reheul D 
Published: June 2016

SummaryTo further increase the cost‐effectiveness and sustainability of hot water weed control, the further optimisation of hot water efficacy is needed. Therefore, three dose–response experiments were carried out to evaluate the impact of wetting agents (an ethoxylated triglyceride, an esterified rapeseed oil and a liquid linseed oil‐based soap), time of day (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h after sunrise) and treatment frequency (1–6 treatments in a 12 week period) on the hot water sensitivity of prevalent weed species (Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra, Taraxacum officinale and Plantago major) on public pavements. Generally, wetting agents did not improve hot water sensitivity. Taraxacum officinale with large planophile leaves showed a higher sensitivity than grasses with an erectophile growth habit. Festuca rubra was more sensitive than L. perenne due to its high leaf dry matter content. The plant species were most sensitive to hot water in the afternoon. This variation in sensitivity during the day was related to the variation in leaf thickness and dry matter content. In general, hot water weed control was highly efficient when conducted four times in a 12 week period at an energy dose of 589 kJ m−2.
Simultaneous anterior and posterior serosal mapping of gastric slow‐wave dysrhythmias induced by vasopressin
Authors: Du Peng , O'Grady Gregory , Paskaranandavadivel Niranchan , Tang Shou‐jiang , Abell Thomas , Cheng Leo K. 
Published: June 2016

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
This study aimed to provide the first comparison of simultaneous high‐resolution mapping of anterior and posterior gastric serosa over sustained periods.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Episodes of spontaneous gastric slow‐wave dysrhythmias increased significantly following intravenous infusion of vasopressin compared with the baseline state. A number of persistent dysrhythmias were defined, including ectopic activation, conduction block, rotor, retrograde and collision/merger of wavefronts. Slow‐wave dysrhythmias could occur either simultaneously or independently on the anterior and posterior gastric serosa, and interacted depending on activation–repolarization and frequency dynamics.

High‐resolution mapping enables mechanistic insights into gastric slow‐wave dysrhythmias and is now achieving clinical translation. However, previous studies have focused mainly on dysrhythmias occurring on the anterior gastric wall. The present study simultaneously mapped the anterior and posterior gastric serosa during episodes of dysrhythmias induced by vasopressin to aid understanding of dysrhythmia initiation, maintenance and termination. High‐resolution mapping (8 × 16 electrodes on each serosa; 20–74 cm2) was performed in anaesthetized dogs. Baseline recordings (21 ± 8 min) were followed by intravenous infusion of vasopressin (0.1–0.5 IU ml−1 at 60–190 ml h−1) and further recordings (22 ± 13 min). Slow‐wave activation maps, amplitudes, velocity, interval and frequency were calculated, and differences compared between baseline and postinfusion. All dogs demonstrated an increased prevalence of dysrhythmic events following infusion of vasopressin (17 versus 51%). Both amplitude and velocity demonstrated significant differences (baseline versus postinfusion: 3.6 versus 2.2 mV; 7.7 versus 6.5 mm s−1; P < 0.05 for both). Dysrhythmias occurred simultaneously or independently on the anterior and posterior serosa, and then interacted according to frequency dynamics. A number of persistent dysrhythmias were compared, including the following: ectopic activation (n = 2 animals), conduction block (n = 1), rotor (n = 2), retrograde (n = 3) and collision/merger of wavefronts (n = 2). We conclude that infusion of vasopressin induces gastric dysrhythmias, which occur across a heterogeneous range of frequencies and patterns. The results demonstrate that different classes of gastric dysrhythmias may arise simultaneously or independently in one or both surfaces of the serosa, then interact according to their relative frequencies. These results will help to inform interpretation of clinical dysrhythmia.