bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in fecal egg count of Haemonchus contortus infection to native goat breeds of China and Bangladesh under natural grazing condition
Authors: Omar AI , Alam MBB , Faruque MO , Mondal MM , Raihan MS , Adetula AA , Wu Z , Bhuiyan AA , Soudy F , Cao J , Zhao S , Du X 
Published: April 2017

Haemonchus contortus is a major gastrointestinal nematode affecting goat in China and Bangladesh like many countries in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Haemonchus contortus infection in different goat breeds/populations in China and Bangladesh under the natural grazing condition. Fecal Egg of Haemonchus contortus was counted from 430 goats in both countries using McMasters technique. Body weight, Pack Cell Volume and Hemoglobin value were measured for Bangladeshi goats. Statistical analysis was done after transforming data into log10 (n+1), where n is the number of egg per gram feces and analysis of variance was done by using Generalized Linear Model procedures of computer package of SAS. Prevalence of parasite and Fecal Egg Count varied significantly (P<0.01) in all six goat populations. The highest prevalence (88.89%) of Haemonchus contortus infection was found in Enshi Black and the highest parasitic load (527.74 ±78.13 epg) was found in Chinese hybrid goat population. Most of the individuals, except Chinese hybrid goats, had Fecal Egg Count less than 300 epg. Fecal Egg Count between sexes within breed of goat did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Black Bengal goat in the hilly region of Bangladesh was the least susceptible to Haemonchus contortus infection in term of Fecal Egg Count. Our study suggests that Chinese goat breeds were more susceptible to Haemonchus contortus infection as compared to Black Bengal goat of Bangladesh under natural grazing condition. Further studies on immune-genetics aspects of goats might be helpful to find out the actual causes of such differences and to develop disease resistant breed of goat.Progressive Agriculture 27 (4): 473-481, 2016
SN 1986J VLBI. III. The Central Component Becomes Dominant
Authors: Bietenholz Michael F. , Bartel Norbert 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We present a new 5 GHz global very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) image of supernova 1986J, observed in 2014 at t = 31.6 yr after the explosion, and compare it to previous images to show the evolution of the supernova. Our new image has a dynamic range of ∼100 and a background rms noise level of 5.9 μJy beam−1. There is no significant linear polarization, with the image peak <3% polarized. The latest image is dominated by a compact central component, whose flux density is now comparable to that of the extended supernova shell. This central component is marginally resolved with an FWHM of

, corresponding to a radius of

for a distance of 10 Mpc. Using VLBI observations between 2002 and 2014, we measured the proper motions of both the central component and a hot spot to the NE in the shell relative to the quasar 3C 66A. The central component is stationary to within the uncertainty of 12 μas yr−1, corresponding to 570 km s−1. Our observations argue that the central component is located near the physical center of SN 1986J. The shell hot spot had a mean velocity of 2810 ± 750 km s−1 to the NE, which is consistent with its taking part in the homologous expansion of the shell seen earlier. The shell emission is evolving in a non-self-similar fashion, with the brightest emission shifting inward within the structure and with only relatively faint emission seen near the outer edge and the presumed forward shock. An animation of the explosion is available.
Concevoir et accompagner le développement du pouvoir d’agir des adolescent.e.s dans leur orientation
Authors: Loisy  Catherine , Carosin  Émilie 
Published: April 2017

S’appuyant sur la théorie sociale cognitive de l’orientation scolaire et professionnelle (Lent, 2008) et la notion de pouvoir d’agir (Le Bossé, 2008), cet article propose un cadre pour concevoir et accompagner l’adolescent.e dans la construction à long terme d’un projet professionnel porteur de sens et participant à son épanouissement en tant qu’acteur de la société. Activités productives et constructives (Rabardel, 2005) doivent être organisées pour accompagner l’adolescent.e dans la construction de ses intérêts par la prise de conscience de l’interdépendance des caractéristiques personnelles et des conditions environnementales, l’élaboration éclairée de buts, et le développement de stratégies d’actions pour son orientation.
Rest and Return to Activity After Sport-Related Concussion: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: McLeod Tamara C. Valovich , Lewis Joy H. , Whelihan Kate , Bacon Cailee E. Welch 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
To systematically review the literature regarding rest and return to activity after sport-related concussion.

Data Sources:
The search was conducted in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Educational Resources Information Center, Ovid MEDLINE, and PubMed using terms related to concussion, mild traumatic brain injury, physical and cognitive rest, and return to activity.

Study Selection:
Studies were included if they were published in English; were original research; and evaluated the use of, compliance with, or effectiveness of physical or cognitive rest or provided empirical evidence supporting the graded return-to-activity progression.

Data Extraction:
The study design, patient or participant sample, interventions used, outcome measures, main results, and conclusions were extracted, as appropriate, from each article.

Data Synthesis:
Articles were categorized into groups based on their ability to address one of the primary clinical questions of interest: use of rest, rest effectiveness, compliance with recommendations, or outcome after graded return-to-activity progression. A qualitative synthesis of the results was provided, along with summary tables.

Conclusions:
Our main findings suggest that rest is underused by health care providers, recommendations for rest are broad and not specific to individual patients, an initial period of moderate physical and cognitive rest (eg, limited physical activity and light mental activity) may improve outcomes during the acute postinjury phase, significant variability in the use of assessment tools and compliance with recommended return-to-activity guidelines exists, and additional research is needed to empirically evaluate the effectiveness of graded return-to-activity progressions. Furthermore, there is a significant need to translate knowledge of best practices in concussion management to primary care providers.
Predicting Recovery Patterns After Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: Teel Elizabeth F. , Marshall Stephen W. , Shankar Viswanathan , McCrea Michael , Guskiewicz Kevin M. 
Published: April 2017

Context:Clinicians sometimes treat concussed individuals who have amnesia, loss of consciousness (LOC), a concussion history, or certain symptom types more conservatively, but it is unclear whether recovery patterns differ in individuals with these characteristics.Objective:To determine whether (1) amnesia, LOC, and concussion history influence the acute recovery of symptoms, cognition, and balance; and (2) cognition and balance are influenced by acute symptom type.Design:Cohort study.Setting:Seven sports at 26 colleges and 210 high schools.Patients or Other Participants:A total of 8905 collegiate (n = 1392) and high school (n = 7513) athletes.Main Outcome Measure(s):The Graded Symptom Checklist, Standardized Assessment of Concussion, and Balance Error Scoring System were administered to all athletes during the preseason. To allow us to track recovery patterns, athletes diagnosed with a concussion (n = 375) repeated these assessments immediately after the injury, 3 hours postinjury, 1 day postinjury, and at 2, 3, 5, 7, and 90 days after injury.Results:Athletes who experienced amnesia had markedly greater deficits in and a slower recovery trajectory on measures of symptoms, cognition, and balance. Athletes with 2 or more prior concussions demonstrated poorer balance than those with no previous history. Otherwise, LOC and concussion history largely did not affect symptoms, cognition, or balance. Greater deficits in balance scores were observed in athletes with all symptom types. Regardless of these characteristics, most athletes recovered within 7 to 10 days.Conclusions:Athletes who experienced amnesia had more symptoms and greater deficits in cognition and balance. Symptoms and cognitive or balance deficits were not consistently associated with LOC or concussion history. Acute symptoms had a strong influence on balance scores and, to a lesser extent, on cognition. However, we found no evidence to support more cautious return-to-play decisions for athletes with these characteristics, as group recovery occurred within normal timelines. Our study supports current clinical practice: recommending that athletes be withheld from activity until they are asymptomatic, followed by a graduated return-to-play progression.
Foreign direct investment to Africa: trends, dynamics and challenges
Authors: Loots Elsabe , Kabundi Alain 
Published: April 2017

The FDI debate is often characterised by generalities about the importance of these flows within the global context. This article aims to unpack the African-specific FDI issues in order to get a clearer and more substantiated understanding of the current trends, dynamics and challenges, with emphasis on the period since 2000. The research concludes that nominal flows to the continent are on the increase, with exponential increases over the past decade. The descriptive analysis indicates that flows to the continent are unevenly spread and are concentrated in the largest economies and/or in petroleum-/oil-exporting countries. The impact of FDI on growth and investment in particularly smaller economies indicates that FDI inflows are making a substantial contribution to these economies and illustrates the importance of this source of investment. The econometric analysis reveals that oil exporters and the size of the economy are powerful explanatory variables in explaining FDI flows to Africa, with trade openness a positive, but less powerful variable.
Capability building and business development practices in the public research and development organisations in Nigeria
Authors: Oduola IA , Akarakiri JB , Ilori MO 
Published: April 2017

The utilisation of organisations technological capability contributes generally to national economic development, while its lack prevents such development, and the identification of attractive business opportunities. This study examines current management practices in capability building and business development processes in public R&D organisations in Nigeria using a questionnaire technique. The questionnaire was administered to 144 respondents in 18 public R&D organisations in the country. Some management practices rate poorly when compared with those of similar organisations in developed countries. Research facilities, buildings and other infrastructure are also found to be at various levels of disrepair. Better management practices and an effective system of funding for R&D organisations from excess crude oil proceeds are recommended for increased organisations productivity.
Seismic anisotropy inferred from direct S-wave-derived splitting measurements and its geodynamic implications beneath southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Tiwari Ashwani Kant , Singh Arun , Eken Tuna , Singh Chandrani 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The present study deals with detecting seismic anisotropy parameters beneath southeastern Tibet near Namcha Barwa Mountain using the splitting of direct S waves. We employ the reference station technique to remove the effects of source-side anisotropy. Seismic anisotropy parameters, splitting time delays, and fast polarization directions are estimated through analyses of a total of 501 splitting measurements obtained from direct S waves from 25 earthquakes ( ≥  5.5 magnitude) that were recorded at 42 stations of the Namcha Barwa seismic network. We observe a large variation in time delays ranging from 0.64 to 1.68 s, but in most cases, it is more than 1 s, which suggests a highly anisotropic lithospheric mantle in the region. A comparison between direct S- and SKS-derived splitting parameters shows a close similarity, although some discrepancies exist where null or negligible anisotropy has been reported earlier using SKS. The seismic stations with hitherto null or negligible anisotropy are now supplemented with new measurements with clear anisotropic signatures. Our analyses indicate a sharp change in lateral variations of fast polarization directions (FPDs) from consistent SSW–ENE or W–E to NW–SE direction at the southeastern edge of Tibet. Comparison of the FPDs with Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements, absolute plate motion (APM) directions, and surface geological features indicates that the observed anisotropy and hence inferred deformation patterns are not only due to asthenospheric dynamics but are a combination of lithospheric deformation and sub-lithospheric (asthenospheric) mantle dynamics. Direct S-wave-based station-averaged splitting measurements with increased back-azimuths tend to fill the coverage gaps left in SKS measurements.
La verdad en debate. La primacía del paradigma jurídico en el examen de las violaciones a los derechos humanos en la Argentina
Authors: Crenzel Emilio Ariel 
Published: April 2017

Estas páginas examinan tres representaciones, elaboradas en contextos políticos disímiles y marcos epistemológicos diferentes sobre el valor de la justicia penal ante las violaciones a los derechos humanos perpetradas en la Argentina. La primera, la estrategia jurídica del gobierno de Alfonsín, busco erstablecer una condena ejemplar basada en una perspectiva utilitarista del castigo. y tuvo por premisas la verdad alumbrada por el informe Nunca Más, elaborado por la Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas (CONADEP). La segunda, se situa en las reflexiones críticas que, sobre esta estrategia, formuló uno de sus arquitectos, Jaime Malamud Goti, en el contexto de impunidad tras los indultos sancionados por el presidente Carlos Menem que, aparentemente, clausuraban la escena judicial. La tercera, promovida por académicos y familiares de desaparecidos en el último lustro, deriva del impacto que, también en Argentina, provocó la experiencia de la Comisión de Verdad y Reconcialiación de Sudáfrica. En función de esta presentación mostraré que, pese a que el papel de los juicios en la tramitación de las violaciones a los derechos humanos está siendo resignificado, aún por una porción de quienes los impulsaron, estas resignificaciones se enmarcan en el paradigma jurídico y refuerzan su primacía como modo de procesar el pasado de violencia en la Argentina.
$p$-$\mathcal{I}$-generator and $p_1$-$\mathcal{i}$-generator in bitopology
Authors: Acharjee Santanu , Tripathy B. C. 
Published: April 2017

In this article we have investigated the relations of $p$-$\mathcal{I}$-generator, $p_1$-$\mathcal{I}$-generator with $p$-Lindel\"{o}f and $p_1$-Lindel\"{o}f using $\tau_i$-codense, $(i,j)$-meager, $(i,j)$-nowhere dense and perfect mapping of bitopological space. The relations between $p$-compactness, $p$-Lindel\"{o}fness, $p_1$-Lindel\"{o}fness and topological ideal, $(i,j)$-meager, $(i,j)$-Baire space in bitopological space are investigated. Some properties are studied on product bitopology using perfect mapping. It can be found that bitopological space has many applications in real life problems. Hence, we hope that this theory will help to fulfill some interlinks which may have applications in near future.
Properties of the first eigenvalue with sign-changing weight of the discrete p-Laplacian and applications
Authors: Chehabi Mohammed , Chakrone Omar 
Published: April 2017

By establishing some results around the first eigenvalue λ1(m) for the following problem: -Δ(φp(Δu(k - 1)))= λm(k)φp(u(k)); k∈ [1; n]; u(0) = 0 = u(n + 1); where m ∈ M([1; n]) = {m : [1; n] → R /∃ k∈ [1; n]; m(k) > 0} ; as the constant sign of the first eigenfunction with λ1(m); the simplicity of λ1(m); the strict monotonicity property with respect the weight and sign change of any eigenfunction with ( λ > λ1(m)); we prove the existence and non-existence of solutions of the problem (1.1).
Exploring mentorship programs and components in nursing academia: A qualitative study
Authors: Nowell Lorelli , White Deborah E. , Benzies Karen , Rosenau Patricia 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Nursing education institutions globally have issued calls for mentorship to address the nursing faculty shortage; however, little is known about the current state of mentorship for faculty members in Canadian schools of nursing. The purpose of this study is to describe the current state of mentorship in Canadian schools of nursing and explore definitions and goals of mentorship programs, mentorship models and components, and mentorship evaluation.Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Within the Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing there are 81 English-speaking schools of nursing and 2,284 permanent faculty members spread over four regions. Participants were recruited from the 81 schools of nursing through the CASN newsletter list serve and publically accessible email addresses. Inclusion was limited to English speaking faculty. Purposive sampling aimed to capture variation across rank and tenure, school, size and areas within Canada. Semi-structured interviews were utilized to explore the participant’s (n = 48) perspectives and involvement with mentorship. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. NVivo was used to code and analyze the data for significant statements and phrases, which were organized into themes and sub-themes.Results: Mentorship remains largely informal in nursing academia without common definitions or goals. Current mentorship in nursing academia employed dyad, peer, group, constellation, and distance mentorship models. Common mentorship program components included guidelines, training, professional development workshops, purposeful linking of mentors and mentees, and mentorship coordinators. Evaluation of mentorship in nursing academia, where it exists, remains mostly descriptive, anecdotal, and lacks common evaluative metrics.Conclusions: Our results confirm mentorship in Canadian schools of nursing remains largely informal. In developing mentorship programs, academic leaders need to consider the mentorship models and components to meet their specific needs. Further rigorous evaluation of mentorship programs and components is needed to identify if mentorship programs are achieving specified goals.
Deletion of atoR from Streptococcus pyogenes Results in Hypervirulence in a Mouse Model of Sepsis and is LuxS Independent
Authors: SITKIEWICZ IZABELA , MUSSER JAMES M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a Gram-positive human pathogen that causes a variety of diseases ranging from pharyngitis to life-threatening streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Recently, several global gene expression analyses have yielded extensive new information regarding the regulation of genes encoding known and putative virulence factors in GAS. A microarray analysis found that transcription of the GAS gene M5005_Spy_1343 was significantly increased in response to interaction with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. M5005_Spy_1343 is predicted to encode a member of the LysR family of transcriptional regulators and is located upstream of a putative operon containing six genes. Five of these genes have sequence similarity to genes involved in short-chain fatty acid metabolism, whereas the sixth gene (luxS) is found in many bacterial species and is involved in quorum sensing. Unexpectedly, inactivation of the M5005_Spy_1343 gene resulted in hypervirulence in an intraperitoneal mouse model of infection. Increased virulence was not due to changes in luxS gene expression. We postulate that short-chain fatty acid metabolism is involved in GAS pathogenesis.
Dotazník motivace k výkonu: Recenze metody
Authors: Sedláková Jitka , Knapová Lenka 
Published: April 2017

Dle našeho názoru je metoda v aktuální podobě vhodná pouze pro oblast poradenství či výzkumu. I v těchto případech by však uživatel testu měl usilovat o integraci informací získaných metodou s dalšími zdroji informací z rozhovoru, pozorování či jiných metod. Z důvodu nejasného faktorového rozložení a nedostatku informací o psychometrických vlastnostech metody v českých podmínkách by bylo použití v rámci personálního výběru neetické. Výsledky metody by mohly být v tomto kontextu navíc i méně validní kvůli problémům se sociálně žádoucím odpovídáním. In our opinion, the current version of the method is suitable for use only in the area of consulting. Nevertheless, the test user should try to integrate the information provided by the method with other sources of information such as interview, observation, and other methods even in these cases. Due to unclear factor structure and a lack of information about the psychometric properties of the method in the Czech population, its use in personnel selection would be unethical. In this setting, the results from the method could be even less valid because of the issue of socially desirable responding.