bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of High Temperature Ti-Pd-Cr Shape Memory Alloys with Small Thermal Hysteresis
Authors: Xue Deqing , Yuan Ruihao , Zhou Yumei , Xue Dezhen , Lookman Turab , Zhang Guojun , Ding Xiangdong , Sun Jun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe large thermal hysteresis (ΔT) during the temperature induced martensitic transformation is a major obstacle to the functional stability of shape memory alloys (SMAs), especially for high temperature applications. We propose a design strategy for finding SMAs with small thermal hysteresis. That is, a small ΔT can be achieved in the compositional crossover region between two different martensitic transformations with opposite positive and negative changes in electrical resistance at the transformation temperature. We demonstrate this for a high temperature ternary Ti-Pd-Cr SMA by achieving both a small ΔT and high transformation temperature. We propose two possible underlying physics governing the reduction in ΔT. One is that the interfacial strain is accommodated at the austenite/martensite interface via coexistence of B19 and 9R martensites. The other is that one of transformation eigenvalues equal to 1, i.e., λ2 = 1, indicating a perfect coherent interface between austenite and martensite. Our results are not limited to Ti-Pd-Cr SMAs but potentially provide a strategy for searching for SMAs with small thermal hysteresis.
Differential conformational modulations of MreB folding upon interactions with GroEL/ES and TRiC chaperonin components
Authors: Moparthi Satish Babu , Carlsson Uno , Vincentelli Renaud , Jonsson Bengt-Harald , Hammarström Per , Wenger Jérôme 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHere, we study and compare the mechanisms of action of the GroEL/GroES and the TRiC chaperonin systems on MreB client protein variants extracted from E. coli. MreB is a homologue to actin in prokaryotes. Single-molecule fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and time-resolved fluorescence polarization anisotropy report the binding interaction of folding MreB with GroEL, GroES and TRiC. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements on MreB variants quantified molecular distance changes occurring during conformational rearrangements within folding MreB bound to chaperonins. We observed that the MreB structure is rearranged by a binding-induced expansion mechanism in TRiC, GroEL and GroES. These results are quantitatively comparable to the structural rearrangements found during the interaction of β-actin with GroEL and TRiC, indicating that the mechanism of chaperonins is conserved during evolution. The chaperonin-bound MreB is also significantly compacted after addition of AMP-PNP for both the GroEL/ES and TRiC systems. Most importantly, our results showed that GroES may act as an unfoldase by inducing a dramatic initial expansion of MreB (even more than for GroEL) implicating a role for MreB folding, allowing us to suggest a delivery mechanism for GroES to GroEL in prokaryotes.
Crystal Structure Manipulation of the Exchange Bias in an Antiferromagnetic Film
Authors: Yuan Wei , Su Tang , Song Qi , Xing Wenyu , Chen Yangyang , Wang Tianyu , Zhang Zhangyuan , Ma Xiumei , Gao Peng , Shi Jing , Han Wei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractExchange bias is one of the most extensively studied phenomena in magnetism, since it exerts a unidirectional anisotropy to a ferromagnet (FM) when coupled to an antiferromagnet (AFM) and the control of the exchange bias is therefore very important for technological applications, such as magnetic random access memory and giant magnetoresistance sensors. In this letter, we report the crystal structure manipulation of the exchange bias in epitaxial hcp Cr2O3 films. By epitaxially growing twined "Equation missing" oriented Cr2O3 thin films, of which the c axis and spins of the Cr atoms lie in the film plane, we demonstrate that the exchange bias between Cr2O3 and an adjacent permalloy layer is tuned to in-plane from out-of-plane that has been observed in "Equation missing" oriented Cr2O3 films. This is owing to the collinear exchange coupling between the spins of the Cr atoms and the adjacent FM layer. Such a highly anisotropic exchange bias phenomenon is not possible in polycrystalline films.
Transition-state theory predicts clogging at the microscale
Authors: Laar T. van de , Klooster S. ten , Schroën K. , Sprakel J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractClogging is one of the main failure mechanisms encountered in industrial processes such as membrane filtration. Our understanding of the factors that govern the build-up of fouling layers and the emergence of clogs is largely incomplete, so that prevention of clogging remains an immense and costly challenge. In this paper we use a microfluidic model combined with quantitative real-time imaging to explore the influence of pore geometry and particle interactions on suspension clogging in constrictions, two crucial factors which remain relatively unexplored. We find a distinct dependence of the clogging rate on the entrance angle to a membrane pore which we explain quantitatively by deriving a model, based on transition-state theory, which describes the effect of viscous forces on the rate with which particles accumulate at the channel walls. With the same model we can also predict the effect of the particle interaction potential on the clogging rate. In both cases we find excellent agreement between our experimental data and theory. A better understanding of these clogging mechanisms and the influence of design parameters could form a stepping stone to delay or prevent clogging by rational membrane design.
Triggering comprehensive enhancement in oxygen evolution reaction by using newly created solvent
Authors: Chen Hsiao-Chien , Mai Fu-Der , Yang Kuang-Hsuan , Chen Liang-Yih , Yang Chih-Ping , Liu Yu-Chuan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTheoretical calculations indicate that the properties of confined liquid water, or liquid water at surfaces, are dramatically different from those of liquid bulk water. Here we present an experimentally innovative strategy on comprehensively efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) utilizing plasmon-induced activated water, creating from hot electron decay at resonantly illuminated Au nanoparticles (NPs). Compared to conventional deionized (DI) water, the created water owns intrinsically reduced hydrogen-bonded structure and a higher chemical potential. The created water takes an advantage in OER because the corresponding activation energy can be effectively reduced by itself. Compared to DI water-based solutions, the OER efficiencies at Pt electrodes increased by 69.3%, 21.1% and 14.5% in created water-based acidic, neutral and alkaline electrolyte solutions, respectively. The created water was also effective for OERs in photoelectrochemically catalytic and in inert systems. In addition, the efficiency of OER increased by 47.5% in created water-based alkaline electrolyte solution prepared in situ on a roughened Au electrode. These results suggest that the created water has emerged as an innovative activator in comprehensively effective OERs.
The Incidence of Senile Cataract and Glaucoma is Increased in Patients with Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: Etiologic Implications
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Försti Asta , Tuuminen Raimo , Hemminki Otto , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Li Xinjun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPlasma cell dyscrasias, including monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), multiple myeloma (MM), Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) and light chain AL amyloidosis, are characterized by clonal expansion of plasma cells which produce a vast amount of an immunoglobulin-derived M-protein. We noted that MGUS diagnosis often coincided with diagnoses of senile cataract and glaucoma and tested the associations of MGUS, MM, WM and AL amyloidosis with subsequent eye diseases identified from the Swedish patient registers between 1997 and 2012. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for senile cataract was significantly increased to 1.80 after MGUS, 1.70 after MM, 1.85 after WM and 2.31 after AL amyloidosis. The SIR for glaucoma was 1.60 after MGUS, 1.76 after WM and 2.18 after AL amyloidosis. All SIRs decreased systematically from age below 60 years to over 79 years, but most risks were also significant in age group over 79 years. The M-protein and the related increase in blood viscosity could be a novel etiologic discovery for these common eye diseases. As MGUS prevalence is around 3% at 60 years and close to 10% at age over 80 years, its contribution to the eye disease burden is expected to be remarkably high.
Invisibility Cloak Printed on a Photonic Chip
Authors: Feng Zhen , Wu Bing-Hong , Zhao Yu-Xi , Gao Jun , Qiao Lu-Feng , Yang Ai-Lin , Lin Xiao-Feng , Jin Xian-Min 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInvisibility cloak capable of hiding an object can be achieved by properly manipulating electromagnetic field. Such a remarkable ability has been shown in transformation and ray optics. Alternatively, it may be realistic to create a spatial cloak by means of confining electromagnetic field in three-dimensional arrayed waveguides and introducing appropriate collective curvature surrounding an object. We realize the artificial structure in borosilicate by femtosecond laser direct writing, where we prototype up to 5,000 waveguides to conceal millimeter-scale volume. We characterize the performance of the cloak by normalized cross correlation, tomography analysis and continuous three-dimensional viewing angle scan. Our results show invisibility cloak can be achieved in waveguide optics. Furthermore, directly printed invisibility cloak on a photonic chip may enable controllable study and novel applications in classical and quantum integrated photonics, such as invisualising a coupling or swapping operation with on-chip circuits of their own.
Chinese Eye Exercises and Myopia Development in School Age Children: A Nested Case-control Study
Authors: Kang Meng-Tian , Li Shi-Ming , Peng Xiaoxia , Li Lei , Ran Anran , Meng Bo , Sun Yunyun , Liu Luo-Ru , Li He , Millodot Michel , Wang Ningli 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChinese eye exercises have been implemented in China as an intervention for controlling children’s myopia for over 50 years. This nested case-control study investigated Chinese eye exercises and their association with myopia development in junior middle school children. Outcome measures were the onset and progression of myopia over a two-year period. Cases were defined as 1. Myopia onset (cycloplegic spherical equivalent ≤ −0.5 diopter in non-myopic children). 2. Myopia progression (myopia shift of ≥1.0 diopter in those who were myopic at baseline). Two independent investigators assessed the quality of Chinese eye exercises performance at the end of the follow-up period. Of 260 children at baseline (mean age was 12.7 ± 0.5 years), 201 were eligible for this study. There was no association between eye exercises and the risk of myopia-onset (OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.24–2.21), nor myopia progression (OR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.41–1.53). The group who performed high quality exercises had a slightly lower myopia progression of 0.15 D than the children who did not perform the exercise over a period of 2 years. However, the limited sample size, low dosage and performance quality of Chinese eye exercises in children did not result in statistical significance and require further studies.
Treatment of refractory cutaneous ulcers with mixed sheets consisting of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and fibroblasts
Authors: Ueno Koji , Takeuchi Yuriko , Samura Makoto , Tanaka Yuya , Nakamura Tamami , Nishimoto Arata , Murata Tomoaki , Hosoyama Tohru , Hamano Kimikazu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to confirm the therapeutic effects of mixed sheets consisting of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) and fibroblasts on cutaneous skin ulcers. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in mixed cell sheets was much higher than in PBMNCs and fibroblasts. Concerning the mechanism, transforming growth factor beta 1 and platelet-derived growth factor BB secreted from PBMNCs enhanced VEGF production in fibroblasts. In wounds created on the backs of diabetic mice, the therapeutic effect of mixed cell sheets was similar to that of daily treatment with trafermin, a recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor. Although abnormal granulation tissue and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in trafermin-treated wounds, the transplantation of mixed cell sheets resulted in the natural anatomy of subcutaneous tissues. The expression patterns of identical wound-healing factors in wounds were different between mixed sheet-transfected and trafermin-treated animals. Because mixed cell sheets transplanted into full-thickness skin defects were eliminated in hosts by day 21 in syngeneic transplantation models, allogeneic transplantation was performed using mice with different genetic backgrounds. The wound-healing rates were similar between the mixed cell sheet and trafermin groups. Our data indicated that mixed cell sheets represent a promising therapeutic material for cutaneous ulcers.
Highly selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol over Pt nanoparticles supported on g-C3N4 nanosheets catalysts in water
Authors: Chen Xiufang , Zhang Ligang , Zhang Bo , Guo Xingcui , Mu Xindong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride nanosheets were investigated for developing effective Pt catalyst supports for selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol in water. The nanosheets with an average thickness of about 3 nm were synthesized by a simple and green method through thermal oxidation etching of bulk g-C3N4in air. Combined with the unique feature of nitrogen richness and locally conjugated structure, the g-C3N4nanosheets with a high surface area of 142 m2g−1were demonstrated to be an excellent supports for loading small-size Pt nanoparticles. Superior furfural hydrogenation activity in water with complete conversion of furfural and high selectivity of furfuryl alcohol (>99%) was observed for g-C3N4nanosheets supported Pt catalysts. The large specific surface area, uniform dispersion of Pt nanoparticles and the stronger furfural adsorption ability of nanosheets contributed to the considerable catalytic performance. The reusability tests showed that the novel Pt catalyst could maintain high activity and stability in the furfural hydrogenation reaction.
Trajectories of adolescent conduct problems in relation to cortical thickness development: a longitudinal MRI study
Authors: Oostermeijer S , Whittle S , Suo C , Allen N B , Simmons J G , Vijayakumar N , van de Ven P M , Jansen L M C , Yücel M , Popma A 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMultiple cross-sectional imaging studies have identified structural abnormalities in prefrontal, temporal and limbic regions related to conduct problems (CPs). However, the relationship between development of such neurobiological deficits and developmental pathways of CPs has remained unclear. The current study investigated distinct trajectories of CP and related trajectories of cortical thickness within a community-based sample of adolescents (n=239), age range 12–19, to address this gap. Three trajectory classes were revealed using latent class growth analyses (LCGAs), comprising a ‘desisting’ CP group, an ‘intermediate’ CP group and a ‘stable low’ CP group. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were collected with a subgroup of 171 adolescents at three waves throughout adolescence (ages 12, 16 and 19). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis—comparing longitudinal changes in cortical thickness and subcortical volume between CP groups for several regions of interest (ROIs)—showed that these CP groups had differential trajectories of cortical thickness in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dl-PFC), and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and volume of the hippocampus. Adolescents in the desisting CP group showed an attenuation of the typical pattern of cortical thinning as present in the intermediate and stable low CP groups, in addition to an exaggeration of the typical pattern of hippocampal volume increase. These findings suggest that a deviant cortical thickness trajectory was related to a desisting CP pathway across adolescence. Such deviant neurodevelopmental growth trajectories may act as an underlying mechanism for developmental CP pathways, and possibly distinguish desisting antisocial adolescents.
On Peer Review
Authors: Kreiman Jody 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This letter briefly reviews ideas about the purpose and benefits of peer review and reaches some idealistic conclusions about the process.

Method
The author uses both literature review and meditation born of long experience.

Results
From a cynical perspective, peer review constitutes an adversarial process featuring domination of the weak by the strong and exploitation of authors and reviewers by editors and publishers, resulting in suppression of new ideas, delayed publication of important research, and bad feelings ranging from confusion to fury. More optimistically, peer review can be viewed as a system in which reviewers and editors volunteer thousands of hours to work together with authors, to the end of furthering human knowledge.

Conclusion
Editors and authors will encounter both peer-review cynics and idealists in their careers, but in the author's experience the second are far more prevalent. Reviewers and editors can help increase the positive benefits of peer review (and improve the culture of science) by viewing the system as one in which they work with authors on behalf of high-quality publications and better science. Authors can contribute by preparing papers carefully prior to submission and by interpreting reviewers' and editors' suggestions in this collegial spirit, however difficult this may be in some cases.
Sketch‐guided filtering support for detecting superspreaders in high‐speed networks
Authors: Wellem T. , Lai Y.‐K. 
Published: June 2016

A sketch‐guided filtering scheme for assisting superspreader detection in the measurement of high‐speed network traffic is proposed. The scheme comprises of an array of linear‐counting sketches that rapidly eliminates flows with potentially low fan‐out during a measurement interval. Based on the results of simulations obtained using real‐world network traces, the filter can eliminate up to 90% of the flows of non‐superspreader sources and improve the accuracy of superspreader identification. Furthermore, the proposed scheme has a smaller fan‐out estimation error and consumes less memory than previously developed approaches. The hardware implementation can process network traffic at a throughput of 27 Gbit/s.
Feasibility study for partial discharge detection and defective region identification in power transformers by using distributed sensors
Authors: Mohammadi Hasan , Haghjoo Farhad 
Published: June 2016

Monitoring of partial discharge (PD) and its progress as the main cause of the insulation deterioration process in power transformers can encompass valuable information about the related insulation condition and reveals degradation mechanisms. In this study, some simple sensors, which are made from a few turns wrapped around the transformer core, are used to detect PD signals. Moreover, a feasibility study is done to identify defective phase/region based on the captured PD signals waveforms through these sensors. The idea is implemented on a 50 kVA, 20 kV/400 V three‐phase transformer by injecting artificial and quasi‐real PD signals to different sections of HV windings. Also, various transformer connections are considered in the experimental studies to find the effect of them on the waveforms of the captured signals (e.g. peak‐to‐peak value and signal energy). The obtained experimental results show that small PDs (as low as 10 pC) is detectable by the mentioned sensors and defective phase can be identified in all of transformer connection cases. Furthermore, considering failure to identify defective regions by broadband analysis, a limited‐band approach is proposed through obtaining |H(s)| for the sensors. The results show that exact defective phase/region identification is feasible by selecting a frequency band compatible with IEC60270 recommendation.
Was muss der (Allgemein-/Viszeral-)Chirurg von Projektmanagement wissen?
Authors: Peters I. , Meyer F. 
Published: June 2016

ZusammenfassungKliniken stehen ständig vor komplexen und neuartigen Aufgabenstellungen, die es gilt, mittels geeigneter Vorgehensweisen zu bewältigen. In dem vorliegenden Artikel werden hierzu ausgewählte Aspekte des Projektmanagements dargestellt. Es werden Vorteile und Limitationen von unternehmensbewährten Projektmanagementmethoden im klinischen Umfeld betrachtet, Vergleiche zwischen Kliniken und Industrieunternehmen gezogen und mögliche Zusammenhänge von Chirurgie und Projektmanagement gezeigt. Neben Aspekten wie der Projektplanung, Rollendefinition in Projekten und deren spezifischer Besetzung in Kliniken werden Erfolgsfaktoren für die Projektdurchführung und eine generelle Projektmanagementeinführung in Kliniken aufgezeigt. Der Artikel verbindet theoretische Ansätze mit Praxiserfahrung und Denkanstößen.
Telling Shakespeare’s story ‘by tale or history’
Authors: Kahan Jeffrey 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article begins by reviewing recent arguments that Shakespeare biographers simply do not know enough to write a true life and, thus, tend to make “bricks without straw”. This sense of incompletion can be traced back to Georgian-lawyer-turned-Shakespeare editor, Edmond Malone, who in the words of Margreta De Grazia championed “Facts”, which she straightaway defines as “information provided or supported by documents, unmediated by transmission”. Though published just 25 years ago, De Grazia’s definition is no longer beyond interrogation. While all facts are certainly forms of information, in the Information Age, the digitization of information goes well beyond the recording of documented facts. As we will see, this recent reassessment of what constitutes information has deeply affected our approach to Shakespeare. In many ways, our recent innovations in Shakespeare biography find their parallel in Malone’s era. This article is published as part of a collection to commemorate the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeare’s death.