bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations of Brain Functional Architecture Associated with Psychopathic Traits in Male Adolescents with Conduct Disorder
Authors: Pu Weidan , Luo Qiang , Jiang Yali , Gao Yidian , Ming Qingsen , Yao Shuqiao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPsychopathic traits of conduct disorder (CD) have a core callous-unemotional (CU) component and an impulsive-antisocial component. Previous task-driven fMRI studies have suggested that psychopathic traits are associated with dysfunction of several brain areas involved in different cognitive functions (e.g., empathy, reward, and response inhibition etc.), but the relationship between psychopathic traits and intrinsic brain functional architecture has not yet been explored in CD. Using a holistic brain-wide functional connectivity analysis, this study delineated the alterations in brain functional networks in patients with conduct disorder. Compared with matched healthy controls, we found decreased anti-synchronization between the fronto-parietal network (FPN) and default mode network (DMN), and increased intra-network synchronization within the frontothalamic–basal ganglia, right frontoparietal, and temporal/limbic/visual networks in CD patients. Correlation analysis showed that the weakened FPN-DMN interaction was associated with CU traits, while the heightened intra-network functional connectivity was related to impulsivity traits in CD patients. Our findings suggest that decoupling of cognitive control (FPN) with social understanding of others (DMN) is associated with the CU traits, and hyper-functions of the reward and motor inhibition systems elevate impulsiveness in CD.
Normothermic Microwave Irradiation Induces Death of HL-60 Cells through Heat-Independent Apoptosis
Authors: Asano Mamiko , Tanaka Satoshi , Sakaguchi Minoru , Matsumura Hitoshi , Yamaguchi Takako , Fujita Yoshikazu , Tabuse Katsuyoshi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMicrowaves have been used in various cancer therapies to generate heat and increase tumor cell temperature; however, their use is limited by their side-effects in normal cells and the acquisition of heat resistance. We previously developed a microwave irradiation method that kills cultured cancer cells, including a human promyelomonocytic leukemia (HL-60) cell line, by maintaining a cellular temperature of 37 °C during treatment. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying HL-60 cell death during this treatment. The microwave-irradiated HL-60 cells appear to undergo caspase-independent apoptosis, whereby DNA fragmentation was induced by mitochondrial dysfunction-related expression of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Caspase-dependent apoptosis was also interrupted by the loss of apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) and caspase 9. Moreover, these cells did not exhibit a heat-stress response, as shown by the lack of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) upregulation. Alternatively, in HL-60 cells heated at 42.5 °C, HSP70 expression was upregulated and a pathway resembling death receptor-induced apoptosis was activated while mitochondrial function was maintained. Collectively, these results suggest that the cell death pathway activated by our 37 °C microwave irradiation method differs from that induced during other heating methods and support the use of normothermic microwave irradiation in clinical cancer treatments.
Selective tubular activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α has dual effects on renal fibrosis
Authors: Kong Kyoung Hye , Oh Hyung Jung , Lim Beom Jin , Kim Minsuk , Han Ki-Hwan , Choi Youn-Hee , Kwon Kihwan , Nam Bo Young , Park Kyoung Sook , Park Jung Tak , Han Seung Hyeok , Yoo Tae-Hyun , Lee Shina , Kim Seung-Jung , Kang Duk-Hee , Choi Kyu Bok , Eremina Vera , Quaggin Susan E. , Ryu Dong-Ryeol , Kang Shin-Wook 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a key transcriptional factor in the response to hypoxia. Although the effect of HIF activation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been widely evaluated, the results have been inconsistent until now. This study aimed to investigate the effects of HIF-2α activation on renal fibrosis according to the activation timing in inducible tubule-specific transgenic mice with non-diabetic CKD. HIF-2α activation in renal tubular cells upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of fibronectin and type 1 collagen associated with the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In CKD mice, activation of HIF-2α at the beginning of CKD significantly aggravated renal fibrosis, whereas it did not lead to renal dysfunction. However, activation at a late-stage of CKD abrogated both renal dysfunction and fibrosis, which was associated with restoration of renal vasculature and amelioration of hypoxia through increased renal tubular expression of VEGF and its isoforms. As with tubular cells with HIF-2α activation, those under hypoxia also upregulated VEGF, fibronectin, and type 1 collagen expressions associated with HIF-1α activation. In conclusion, late-stage renal tubular HIF-2α activation has protective effects on renal fibrosis and the resultant renal dysfunction, thus it could represent a therapeutic target in late stage of CKD.
Functional neural changes associated with acquired amusia across different stages of recovery after stroke
Authors: Sihvonen Aleksi J. , Särkämö Teppo , Ripollés Pablo , Leo Vera , Saunavaara Jani , Parkkola Riitta , Rodríguez-Fornells Antoni , Soinila Seppo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBrain damage causing acquired amusia disrupts the functional music processing system, creating a unique opportunity to investigate the critical neural architectures of musical processing in the brain. In this longitudinal fMRI study of stroke patients (N = 41) with a 6-month follow-up, we used natural vocal music (sung with lyrics) and instrumental music stimuli to uncover brain activation and functional network connectivity changes associated with acquired amusia and its recovery. In the acute stage, amusic patients exhibited decreased activation in right superior temporal areas compared to non-amusic patients during instrumental music listening. During the follow-up, the activation deficits expanded to comprise a wide-spread bilateral frontal, temporal, and parietal network. The amusics showed less activation deficits to vocal music, suggesting preserved processing of singing in the amusic brain. Compared to non-recovered amusics, recovered amusics showed increased activation to instrumental music in bilateral frontoparietal areas at 3 months and in right middle and inferior frontal areas at 6 months. Amusia recovery was also associated with increased functional connectivity in right and left frontoparietal attention networks to instrumental music. Overall, our findings reveal the dynamic nature of deficient activation and connectivity patterns in acquired amusia and highlight the role of dorsal networks in amusia recovery.
Metabolic engineering for recombinant major ampullate spidroin 2 (MaSp2) synthesis in Escherichia coli
Authors: Cao Hao , Parveen Shafaq , Ding Ding , Xu Haijun , Tan Tianwei , Liu Luo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this research, metabolic engineering was employed to synthesize the artificial major ampullate spidroin 2 (MaSp2) in the engineeredEscherichia coli. An iterative seamless splicing strategy was used to assemble the MaSp2 gene, which could reach 10000 base pairs, and more than 100 kDa protein was expected. However, only 55 kDa recombinant MaSp2 was obtained. Because MaSp2 is rich in alanine and glycine residues, Glycyl/alanyl-tRNA pool and extra amino acids adding were adopted in order to supplement alanine and glycine in the protein translation process. With the supplementary alanine and glycine (0.05 wt%) in the medium, MaSp2 constructed in pET28a(+) and Gly/Ala-tRNA constructed in pET22b(+) were co-expressed inEscherichia coliBL21 (DE3). As results, the artificial MaSp2 with 110 kDa molecular weight was obtained in the present work. This work demonstrates a successful example of applying metabolic engineering approaches and provided a potential way with the enhanced Glycyl/alanyl-tRNA pool to achieve the expression of high molecular weight protein with the repeated motifs in the engineeredEscherichia coli.
Reply to ‘Pitfalls of using confocal-microscopy based automated quantification of synaptic complexes in honeybee mushroom bodies (response
to Peng and Yang 2016)’
Authors: Peng Yi-Chan , Yang En-Cheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn a comment on our Article “Sublethal Dosage of Imidacloprid Reduces the Microglomerular Density of Honey Bee Mushroom Bodies”, Rössler et al. assert that our reported counts are overall lower than previously reported due to the use of automated quantification. We address these issues in this reply.
Dogs are not better than humans at detecting coherent motion
Authors: Kanizsár Orsolya , Mongillo Paolo , Battaglini Luca , Campana Gianluca , Marinelli Lieta 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe ability to perceive motion is one of the main properties of the visual system. Sensitivity in detecting coherent motion has been thoroughly investigated in humans, where thresholds for motion detection are well below 10% of coherence, i.e. of the proportion of dots coherently moving in the same direction, among a background of randomly moving dots. Equally low thresholds have been found in other species, including monkeys, cats and seals. Given the lack of data from the domestic dog, we tested 5 adult dogs on a conditioned discrimination task with random dot displays. In addition, five adult humans were tested in the same condition for comparative purposes. The mean threshold for motion detection in our dogs was 42% of coherence, while that of humans was as low as 5%. Therefore, dogs have a much higher threshold of coherent motion detection than humans, and possibly also than phylogenetically closer species that have been tested in similar experimental conditions. Various factors, including the relative role of global and local motion processing and experience with the experimental stimuli may have contributed to this result. Overall, this finding questions the general claim on dogs’ high performance in detecting motion.
A Class II small heat shock protein OsHsp18.0 plays positive roles in both biotic and abiotic defense responses in rice
Authors: Kuang Jie , Liu Jianzhong , Mei Jun , Wang Changchun , Hu Haitao , Zhang Yanjun , Sun Meihao , Ning Xi , Xiao Langtao , Yang Ling 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most devastating diseases of rice. However, the molecular mechanism underpinning the Xoo resistance of rice is still not fully understood. Here, we report that a class II small heat shock protein gene, OsHsp18.0, whose expression was differentially induced between a resistant and a susceptible variety in response to Xoo infection, plays positive roles in both biotic and abiotic resistance. The molecular chaperone activity of OsHsp18.0 was confirmed by a bacterium-expressed glutathione S-transferase fusion protein. Overexpression of OsHsp18.0 in a susceptible rice variety significantly enhanced its resistance to multiple Xoo strains, whereas silencing of OsHsp18.0 in a resistant variety drastically increased its susceptibility. The enhanced Xoo resistance in OsHsp18.0-overexpressing lines was positively correlated with the sensitized salicylic acid-dependent defense responses. In addition to disease resistance, the OsHsp18.0 overexpressing and silencing lines exhibited enhanced and reduced tolerance, respectively, to heat and salt treatments. The subcellular localization study revealed that the green fluorescent protein-OsHsp18.0 was enriched on the nuclear envelope, suggesting a potential role of OsHsp18.0 in the nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking. Together, our results reveal that the rice OsHsp18.0 is a positive regulator in both biotic and abiotic defense responses.
Function Coupling Mechanism of PhuS and HemO in Heme Degradation
Authors: Lee Michael J. Y. , Wang Ye , Jiang Yafei , Li Xichen , Ma Jianqiu , Tan Hongwei , Turner-Wood Keegan , Rahman Mona N. , Chen Guangju , Jia Zongchao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMost bacteria possess only one heme-degrading enzyme for obtaining iron, however few bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa express two, namely PhuS and HemO. While HemO is a well-known heme oxygenase, previously we discovered that PhuS also possesses heme degradation activity and generates verdoheme, an intermediate of heme breakdown. To understand the coexistence of these two enzymes, using the DFT calculation we reveal that PhuS effectively enhances heme degradation through its participation in heme hydroxylation, the rate limiting reaction. Heme is converted to verdoheme in this reaction and the energy barrier for PhuS is substantially lower than for HemO. Thus, HemO is mainly involved in the ring opening reaction which converts verdoheme to biliverdin and free iron. Our kinetics experiments show that, in the presence of both PhuS and HemO, complete degradation of heme to biliverdin is enhanced. We further show that PhuS is more active than HemO using heme as a substrate and generates more CO. Combined experimental and theoretical results directly identify function coupling of this two-enzyme system, resulting in more efficient heme breakdown and utilization.
Timing for Surgical Stabilization with K-wires after Open Fractures of Proximal and Middle Phalangeal Shaft
Authors: Gao Yanchun , Wang Qiyang , Zhu Hongyi , Xu Zhengyu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe optimal timing for surgical stabilization after open fractures of proximal and middle phalangeal shaft remained unclear. Total 147 patients with single open fracture in proximal or middle phalangeal shaft (arrived within 8 hours) who received K-wire fixation from June 2012 to June 2015 were included for analysis. The timing for surgical stabilization of fractures (immediate or delayed) was decided according to the surgeons’ preferences. The Michigan hand outcomes questionnaire (MHQ) scores, grip strength and total active motion (TAM) one year after the initial surgery were similar between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of tenosynovitis, bone nonunion. The overall infection rate in immediate fixation group was slightly but not significantly higher compared with the delayed fixation group (29.2% versus 20.7% P = 0.212). However, patients with both palmar and dorsal wounds who received immediate fixation had much higher infection rate compared with delayed fixation (52.6% versus 22.7%, P = 0.047). The immediate fixation could reduce costs and the period of hospitalization. Open fractures with both palmar and dorsal wounds should be treated with delayed fixation of K-wires otherwise stabilized immediately after injury.
The Influence of the Position of the Double Bond and Ring Size on the Stability of Hydrogen Bonded Complexes
Authors: Cheng Shumin , Tang Shanshan , Tsona Narcisse T. , Du Lin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo study the influence of the position of the double bond and ring size on the stability of hydrogen bonded complexes, the 1:1 complexes formed between 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) and three heterocyclic compounds including 2,3-dihydrofuran (2,3-DHF), 2,5-dihydrofuran (2,5-DHF) and 3,4-dihydropyran (3,4-DHP) were investigated systematically. The formation of hydrogen bonded TFE−2,3-DHF, TFE−2,5-DHF and TFE−3,4-DHP complexes were identified by gas phase FTIR spectroscopy at room temperature, and the OH-stretching fundamental transition of TFE was red shifted upon complexation. The competition between the O atom and π-electrons bonding sites within the complexes was studied, and the O−H···π type hydrogen bond was found to be less stable than the O−H···O in all three cases. The observed red shifts of the OH-stretching fundamental transitions in the complexes were attributed to the formation of O−H···O hydrogen bond. Equilibrium constants of the complexation reactions were determined from measured and calculated OH-stretching fundamental intensities. Both theoretical calculations and experimental results reveal that the hydrogen bond strengths in the complexes follow the sequence: TFE−2,5-DHF > TFE−2,3-DHF ≈ TFE−3,4-DHP, thus the position of the double bond exerts significantly larger influence than ring size on the stability of the selected hydrogen bonded complexes.
Non‐circulating‐current magnetic‐integrated three‐bridge dual‐buck inverter
Authors: Wang Wu , Lin Xianlin , Chen Jiaqiao , Cai Fenghuang , Chai Qinqin , Lin Qiongbin 
Published: September 2017

A novel non‐circulating‐current magnetic‐integrated three‐bridge dual‐buck inverter (DBI) is proposed. By adding the third bridge, the proposed inverter can remove two input capacitances and enhance the utilisation of input voltage in traditional dual buck half‐bridge inverter (DBHBI). In addition, the partly coupled inductors with non‐dotted ends connected are applied to elevate the power density. The dc link diode is utilised to eliminate circulating current caused by magnetic induction absolutely. The generating principle of circulating current and operating principle of the proposed inverter have been analysed in detail. Finally, experimental results are obtained on a 1 kW prototype to verify the practical application of the proposed inverter.
Monitoring of hydrogen concentration using capacitive nanosensor in a 1% H2–N2 mixture
Authors: Behzadi Pour Ghobad , Fekri Aval Leila 
Published: September 2017

In this work, a hydrogen capacitor nanosensor with palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) electrode based on metal–oxide–semiconductor structure has been fabricated. The capacitor sensor has been fabricated on the n‐type silicon substrate with an oxide film thickness of 50 nm. PdNPs are synthesised and then deposited on the oxide surface using spin coating. PdNPs are characterised using by transmission electron microscope and UV spectrum. Also, the morphology of the oxide surface is characterised using by atomic force microscope. The response time and recovery time of nanosensor have been explained at the room temperature. The time interval to 90% of the signal value for 1% H2–N2 mixture was 1.4 s and recovery time was 14 s. The curve of pressure as a function of hydrogen concentration (H/Pd) in the PdNPs and the mechanism of the nanosensor are reported. The capacitor nanosensor based on nanoparticles shows sensitive and fast response.
Dem Wärmeverlust wirksam vorbeugen
Authors: Wiechert Niklas 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hypothermieprävention Jeder kennt das Phänomen des Wärmeverlustes unter einer Anästhesie. Schon im 19. Jahrhundert konnte dies in
Tierversuchen mit Äther beobachtet werden. 1 Auch heute, 170 Jahre später, gehört der Wärmeverlust zu den
häufigsten Komplikationen in der Anästhesie. Oft wird die Temperatur als Vitalparameter nur sehr stiefmütterlich behandelt. Die Prävention
und Therapie der perioperativen Hypothermie rückt jedoch heute mehr denn je in den Mittelpunkt.
Structure of the Ebola virus envelope protein MPER/TM domain and its interaction with the fusion loop explains their fusion activity
Authors: Lee Jinwoo , Nyenhuis David A. , Nelson Elizabeth A. , Cafiso David S. , White Judith M. , Tamm Lukas K. 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceCurrent models of virus entry by type 1 viral envelope glycoprotein-mediated membrane fusion place the fusion domains (fusion peptides or fusion loops) and transmembrane (TM) domains of these proteins in close proximity, but a direct molecular interaction and functional cooperation of these domains have not been previously demonstrated for any viral envelope glycoprotein. In the present work, we determined the structure of the only missing pieces of the Ebolavirus glycoprotein 2 [namely, its membrane proximal external region (MPER) and TM domains], demonstrate MPER’s direct molecular interaction with the fusion loop of the same protein, and provide evidence for the functional significance of this interaction.
Effects of thymic selection on T cell recognition of foreign and tumor antigenic peptides
Authors: George Jason T. , Kessler David A. , Levine Herbert 
Published: September 2017

Significance
We have developed a model of T cell binding that accurately represents the influence of self-peptides on thymic negative selection. From this, we generated estimates for relevant antigen recognition rates. We found that negative selection only slightly interferes with a T cell’s ability to detect antigens that differ from self-peptide by a single amino acid and that these peptides may effectively be regarded as foreign. Moreover, negative selection thresholds chosen to reflect experimentally observed thymic survival rates result in optimal production of T cells that are capable of surviving selection and recognizing foreign antigen. Lastly, our model predicts empirically reasonable donor tissue recognition rates in the context of an HLA-matched transplant.
Nitric oxide blocks the development of the human parasiteSchistosoma japonicum
Authors: Shen Jia , Lai De-Hua , Wilson R. Alan , Chen Yun-Fu , Wang Li-Fu , Yu Zi-Long , Li Mei-Yu , He Ping , Hide Geoff , Sun Xi , Yang Ting-Bao , Wu Zhong-Dao , Ayala Francisco J. , Lun Zhao-Rong 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceViable egg production bySchistosomaspecies is the key pathogenic process causing granuloma formation in permissive hosts (e.g., mice), while nonpermissive hosts [e.g., Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)] avoid such sequelae. Using inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout (iNOS−/−) rats, we demonstrate that high expression levels of iNOS in rats play an important role in blocking the egg-induced granuloma formation ofSchistosoma japonicum. The nitric oxide, produced by iNOS, inhibits parasite growth, reproductive organ development, egg production, and viability by interfering with mitochondrial function. This study solves the puzzle as to why rats are naturally resistant toS. japonicuminfection and provides insights for understanding the pathogenesis of human schistosomiasis and the interactions between host and parasite.
Stachel-independent modulation of GPR56/ADGRG1 signaling by synthetic ligands directed to its extracellular region
Authors: Salzman Gabriel S. , Zhang Shu , Gupta Ankit , Koide Akiko , Koide Shohei , Araç Demet 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceG protein-coupled receptors enable cells to sense extracellular signals and translate them into physiological responses. In addition to a transmembrane domain that transduces signals into the cytoplasm, adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) have large extracellular regions (ECRs) that interact with proteins in the extracellular space. The goal of this study is to elucidate how ECRs control aGPCR activation. We engineered synthetic binding proteins, termed monobodies, that bind specific domains in the ECR and showed that monobodies can activate or inhibit G-protein signaling. Our data conclusively establish the feasibility of controlling aGPCR signaling using ECR-targeted drug-like molecules and support a model in which ligand binding to the ECR can affect the transmembrane domain and modulate signal transduction.