bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of rotation on turbulent buoyant plumes in stratified environments
Authors: Fabregat Tomàs Alexandre , Poje Andrew C. , Özgökmen Tamay M. , Dewar William K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe numerically investigate the effects of rotation on the turbulent dynamics of thermally driven buoyant plumes in stratified environments at the large Rossby numbers characteristic of deep oceanic releases. When compared to nonrotating environments, rotating plumes are distinguished by a significant decrease in vertical buoyancy and momentum fluxes leading to lower and thicker neutrally buoyant intrusion layers. The primary dynamic effect of background rotation is the concentration of entraining fluid into a strong cyclonic flow at the base of the plume resulting in cyclogeostrophic balance in the radial momentum equation. The structure of this cyclogeostrophic balance moving upward from the well head is associated with a net adverse vertical pressure gradient producing an inverted hydrostatic balance in the mean vertical momentum budgets. The present simulations reveal that the primary response to the adverse pressure gradient is an off‐axis deflection of the plume that evolves into a robust, organized anticyclonic radial precession about the buoyancy source. The off‐axis evolution is responsible for the weaker inertial overshoots, the increased thickness of lateral intrusion layers, and the overall decrease in the vertical extent of rotating plumes at intermediate Rossby numbers compared to the nonrotating case. For inlet buoyancy forcings and environmental Rossby numbers consistent with those expected in deepwater blowout plumes, the speed of the organized precession is found to be as large as typical oceanic cross‐flow speeds.
Split‐Attention and Coherence Principles in Multimedia Instruction Can Rescue Performance for Learners with Lower Working Memory Capacity
Authors: Fenesi Barbara , Kramer Emily , Kim Joseph A. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThis study examined the relation between working memory capacity (WMC) and the principles of Split‐Attention (Experiment 1) and Coherence (Experiment 2) in multimedia learning. Split‐Attention refers to reduced comprehension when learners must divide their attention between images and text, and Coherence refers to reduced comprehension when learners must process irrelevant information. In Experiment 1, those with lower WMC performed worse compared with those with higher WMC when learning from the Split‐Attention condition (audio + on‐screen text + images), but not when learning from the Complementary condition (audio + images). In Experiment 2, those with lower WMC performed worse compared with those with higher WMC when learning from the Incongruent condition (audio + irrelevant images), but not when learning from the Congruent condition (audio + relevant images). Findings reinforce the importance of pedagogically sound instructional design, as it may especially benefit those with lower WMC and equate learning across working memory abilities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Direct Amination of Arenes with Alkylamines via Bidentate‐Chelation Assistance
Authors: Yan Qiangqiang , Xiao Tangxin , Liu Zhanxiang , Zhang Yuhong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCobalt‐catalyzed C−H amination of arenes with alkylamines by the assistance of 8‐aminoquinoline as auxiliary through sp2 C−H bond functionalization has been achieved. Attractive features of this protocol include the low loading of the cobalt catalyst and the readily available reagents.magnified image
Agerinia smithorum sp. nov., a new early Eocene primate from the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Femenias‐Gual Joan , Minwer‐Barakat Raef , Marigó Judit , Moyà‐Solà Salvador 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe new species Agerinia smithorum (Adapiformes, Primates) from the early Eocene of the Iberian Peninsula is erected in this work. An emended diagnosis of the genus is provided, together with a broad description of the new species and comparisons with other samples assigned to Agerinia and other similar medium‐sized cercamoniines. The new species is based on the most complete specimen of this genus published to date, a mandible preserving the alveoli of the canine and P1, the roots of the P2 and all teeth from P3 to M3. It was found in Casa Retjo‐1, a new early Eocene locality from Northeastern Spain. The studied specimen is clearly distinguishable from other cercamoniines such as Periconodon, Darwinius, and Donrussellia, but very similar to Agerinia roselli, especially in the similar height of P3 and P4 and the general morphology of the molars, therefore allowing the allocation to the same genus. However, it is undoubtedly distinct from A. roselli, having a less molarized P4 and showing a larger paraconid in the M1 and a tiny one in the M2, among other differences. The body mass of A. smithorum has also been estimated, ranging from 652 to 724 g, similar to that of A. roselli. The primitive traits shown by A. smithorum (moderately molarized P4, large paraconid in the M1 and small but distinct in the M2) suggest that it could be the ancestor of A. roselli.
New Approaches to the Synthesis of Metal Carbenes
Authors: Jia Minqiang , Ma Shengming 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMetal carbenes usually possess versatile reactivities that are controlled by the presence of both the metals and the ligands. Diazo compounds are commonly used for the generation of such species through elimination of nitrogen. However, they are often unstable, explosive, and toxic, which limits their applications in large‐scale syntheses. Thus, identifying sustainable and safe surrogates for the generation of metal carbenes has attracted great attention. In this Review, we summarize some of the most important breakthroughs in the generation, catalytic reactions, and selectivity control of metal carbenes from non‐diazo starting compounds.
The suitable itaconic acid content in polyacrylonitrile copolymers used for PAN‐based carbon fibers
Authors: Fu Zhongyu , Liu Baijun , Deng Yunjiao , Ma Jianying , Cao Chunlei , Wang Jing , Ao Yuhui , Zhang Huixuan 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThis article was to provide some new insights into the influences of itaconic acid (IA) content in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) copolymers on polymerization, structural evolution, thermal behaviors and carbon yield relatively comprehensively. High IA containing poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐itaconic acid) (PAI) oligomers were successfully extracted from PAI copolymers with 2.0 and 3.0 mol % IA. PAI copolymers with 0.5 mol % and 1.0 mol % IA possessed more cyclized structures, conjugated carbonyl group, conjugated nitrile group, and less β‐amino nitrile group as well as faster structural evolution rate than those of the other three PAI copolymers. Kinetic parameters indicated that excessive IA content in PAI copolymer did not have advantages in promoting cyclization reaction. The PAI copolymers with 0.5 wt % to 1.0 mol % IA possessed better crystalline parameters as well as higher carbon yield than those of the other two PAI copolymers after carbonization at 1350 ºC. In summary, PAI copolymers with 0.5 mol % to 1.0 mol % IA will be more suitable for fabricating of high performance PAN‐based carbon fibers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43919.
Risk assessment for the Mexican freshwater crayfish: the roles of diversity, endemism and conservation status
Authors: Armendáriz Gema , Quiroz‐Martínez Benjamín , Alvarez Fernando 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

The freshwater fauna has been judged to be one of the most threatened biotic components in the world. In many tropical‐temperate freshwater habitats worldwide the largest invertebrates are crayfish, as is the case with the cambarid crayfish in Mexico. With 98% of endemic species, most of them with reduced distribution ranges, the Mexican crayfish have not been analysed to examine how diversity, endemism and threat are distributed.
A data set was analysed containing 1419 locality records for the 56 species of crayfish occurring in Mexico arranged in a 251 cell grid. Spatial autocorrelation analyses using Moran's I and G* were conducted; species richness, endemism and threat indices were calculated and mapped. An integrated risk score was derived from the two indices.
Spatial autocorrelation analyses revealed a pattern that significantly departs from a random arrangement. Moran's I showed a positive autocorrelation between cells that are less than 800 km apart; while G* analysis identified one hotspot of diversity. Four areas with high endemism and seven areas with intermediate endemism values were recognized. The western portion of the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt, and some areas in the north are of special concern owing to the presence of threatened microendemic species.
The areas where more threatened species occur differ from those with high endemism values. This distinction makes evident that for species with low dispersal capabilities the areas with high endemism are the product of historical and geological events, while the areas with high numbers of threatened species are those where human activities have had a major impact. The integrated risk score, however, resulting from the combination of endemism and threat, peaks along the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt and where it joins the Sierra Madre Oriental.
The integrated risk score proposed in this study, based on well known and frequently used indices in conservation biology, can be used with existing data to determine areas where crayfish species richness, endemism and threat peak to make conservation efforts more cost‐effective.
© 2016 The Authors. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Efficient Synthesis of Benzazocines by Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem 1,2‐Acyloxy Shift/[3+2] Cycloaddition of Terminal 1,9‐Enynyl Esters
Authors: Feng Shangbiao , Wang Zhengshen , Zhang Weiwei , Xie Xingang , She Xuegong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn effective synthesis of structurally diverse benzazocines was accomplished in good to excellent chemical yields (55–82 %) through a gold(I)‐catalyzed cascade reaction involving tandem 1,2‐acyloxy shift/[3+2] cycloaddition of terminal 1,9‐enynyl esters. The reaction proceeds under extremely mild conditions and represents one of the relatively few transition‐metal‐catalyzed intramolecular cycloaddition reactions for the synthesis of benzazocines.
Nanostructured Carbon/Antimony Composites as Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Long Life
Authors: Cheng Yong , Yi Zheng , Wang Chunli , Wang Lidong , Wu Yaoming , Wang Limin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA series of nanostructured carbon/antimony composites have been successfully synthesized by a simple sol–gel, high‐temperature carbon thermal reduction process. In the carbon/antimony composites, antimony nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed in the pyrolyzed nanoporous carbon matrix. As an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, the C/Sb10 composite displays a high initial discharge capacity of 1214.6 mAh g−1 and a reversible charge capacity of 595.5 mAh g−1 with a corresponding coulombic efficiency of 49 % in the first cycle. In addition, it exhibits a high reversible discharge capacity of 466.2 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 after 200 cycles and a high rate discharge capacity of 354.4 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1000 mA g−1. The excellent cycling stability and rate discharge performance of the C/Sb10 composite could be due to the uniform dispersion of antimony nanoparticles in the porous carbon matrix, which can buffer the volume expansion and maintain the integrity of the electrode during the charge–discharge cycles.
P38 MAPK/miR‐1 are involved in the protective effect of EGCG in high glucose‐induced Cx43 downregulation in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
Authors: Yu Lu , Yu Hongmei , Li Xiaoting , Jin Chongying , Zhao Yanbo , Xu Shengjie , Sheng Xia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe remodeling of cardiac gap junctions contributes to various arrhythmias in a diabetic heart. We previously reported that Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) attenuated connexin43 (Cx43) protein downregulation induced by high glucose (HG) in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, but Cx43 mRNA expression was not affected. It indicated the possible mechanisms of post‐transcriptional regulation, which still remains unclear. As microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression widely at post‐transcriptional level, we measured miR‐1/206 in cardiomyocytes treated with HG and EGCG by quantitative RT‐PCR and investigated their relationship with signal transduction pathways. The results showed that HG induced miR‐1/206 elevation by PKC MAPK pathway. Moreover, we tested the negative regulation effect of miR‐1/206 on Cx43 protein by miRNAs transfection. EGCG, however, nearly abolished the HG‐induced miR‐1 augmentation via P38 MAPK pathway. Therefore, our study suggested that PKC‐activated miR‐1/206 expression might contribute to Cx43 downregulation in HG‐treated cardiomyocytes, and EGCG conferred protective effect by inhibiting miR‐1 elevation via P38 MAPK pathway.
Myocardial salvage and mortality in STEMI: A race against ischemic time
Authors: Sardar M. Rizwan , Dawn Abbott J. 
Published: June 2016

Key Points

Total ischemic time (IT) and door‐to‐balloon time (DBT) are two important measures in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
IT is a better predictor of cardiovascular outcomes than DTB, including infarct size and mortality, in STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
IT should be adopted as a standard metric to measure quality of care in STEMI, and will help to promote improvements to our health care delivery system.
Questioning, and Maybe Even Shaking Up, The Interventional Approach to STEMI
Authors: Kanakadandi Uday , Butman Samuel M. 
Published: June 2016

Key Points

A drug‐coated balloon (DCB) in the setting of a STEMI may have long‐term advantages that overshadow the risk of not stenting the vessel.
Conversely, a temporary or permanent scaffold may be critical in the setting of a STEMI.
The rationale for the trial is bold, sound, and the human subjects are well‐protected.
What do we need to know about congenital portosystemic venous shunts in children?
Authors: Lucas Victor Samuel 
Published: June 2016

Key Points

CPSVS is a rare potentially correctable cause of pulmonary hypertension, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatopulmonary syndrome
Awareness of CPSVS is key to diagnosis
Clear understanding of the anatomy and physiology is essential to successful treatment
Graded shunt closure induces growth of hypoplastic portal veins
Solubility of Natural Gas in Diesel Fuel
Authors: Barth Jakob , Ripperger Siegfried , Hörhammer Christoph , Flierl Rudolf 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe solubility of commercially available natural gas in commercially available diesel fuel at room temperature and defined pressure is investigated experimentally. The gas phase is considered to be pure methane. The use of Henry's law to model the solubility is discussed. Solubility is given in terms of the mole fraction and the volumetric mass concentration of dissolved gas and the corresponding Henry's coefficients. The solubility is compared to that of pure methane in pure hexadecane, which is similar to diesel fuel with respect to the mean carbon number.
μ‐Oxo‐Dinuclear‐Iron(III)‐Catalyzed O‐Selective Acylation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Amino Alcohols and Transesterification of Tertiary Alcohols
Authors: Horikawa Rikiya , Fujimoto Chika , Yazaki Ryo , Ohshima Takashi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA highly chemoselective and reactive μ‐oxo‐dinuclear iron(III) salen catalyst for transesterification was developed. The developed iron complex catalyzed acylation of aliphatic amino alcohols with nearly perfect O‐selectivity, even when using activated esters, for which chemoselectivity is more difficult to control. In addition, O‐selective transesterification of aromatic amino alcohols was achieved for the first time. The high activity of the iron complex enabled the use of sterically congested tertiary alcohols, including unprecedented tert‐butanol.
ChemInform Abstract: The Structure and Band Gap Design of High Si Doping Level Ag1‐xGa1‐xSixSe2 (x = 1/2).
Authors: Zhang Shiyan , Mei Dajiang , Du Xin , Lin Zheshuai , Zhong Junbo , Wu Yuandong , Xu Jingli 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPolycrystalline AgGaSiSe4 is prepared by solid state reaction of an equimolar mixture of AgGaSe2 and SiSe2 (evacuated silica tubes, 700 °C, 1 d; 3 repetitions).
ChemInform Abstract: Aza‐Michael‐Type Addition Reaction Catalyzed by a Supported Ionic Liquid Phase Incorporating an Anionic Heteropoly Acid.
Authors: Ghasemi Mohammad Hadi , Kowsari Elaheh , Shafiee Abbas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA wide range of substituted amines is synthesized under mild conditions in good yields using the Aza‐Michael‐type addition of primary and secondary amines to vinyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkenes with Organohalides.
Authors: Chu Xue‐Qiang , Liu Dan , Xing Zhen‐Hua , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Ji Shun‐Jun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed tandem alkylation/cyclization of olefinic amides (I) with bromide (II) leads to a variety of benzoxazines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Highly Selective Photoredox C(sp2)—H Difluoroalkylation and Perfluoroalkylation of Hydrazones.
Authors: Xie Jin , Zhang Tuo , Chen Fei , Mehrkens Nina , Rominger Frank , Rudolph Matthias , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe first gold‐catalyzed intermolecular photoredox C(sp2)—H di‐ and perfluoroalkylation of hydrazones is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenyltrimethylammonium Salts as Methylation Reagents in the Nickel‐Catalyzed Methylation of C—H Bonds.
Authors: Uemura Takeshi , Yamaguchi Mao , Chatani Naoto 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA surprising methylation of C(sp3)—H bonds in aliphatic amides and of C(sp2)—H bonds in benzamides with phenyltrimethylammonium iodide as methyl source is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: The Application of NCTS (N‐Cyano‐N‐phenyl‐p‐toluenesulfonamide) in Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborates and Aryl Halides.
Authors: Li Jizhen , Xu Wenbin , Ding Junshuai , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe method allows the synthesis of various aryl nitriles from diazonium salts (I), aryl iodides and bromides in suitable yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethylthiolation of Unsymmetrical λ3‐Iodane Derivatives: Additive‐Free, Selective and Scalable Introduction of the SCF3 Group.
Authors: Nikolaienko Pavlo , Yildiz Tuelay , Rueping Magnus 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA protocol is developed which allows the synthesis of (het)aryl trifluoromethyl thioethers from diaryliodonium salts (syntheses described) within a short time and without the need of an additive or a ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: A Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction of Triethoxysilanes, Sulfur Dioxide, and Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Zheng Danqing , Mao Runyu , Li Zhiming , Wu Jie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn efficient insertion of sulfur dioxide into both aryl and alkyl triethoxysilanes is achieved using a cheap Cu(I) catalyst in the absence of any additional ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated ortho‐Arylation of Benzamides with Arylboronic Acid.
Authors: Gui Qingwen , Chen Xiang , Hu Liang , Wang Dadian , Liu Jidan , Tan Ze 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe copper‐mediated direct ortho C—H bond arylation of benzamide derivatives with arylboronic acids is achieved by employing an 8‐aminoquinoline moiety as a bidentate directing group.
ChemInform Abstract: Bi(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Domino Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Arenes with Aldehydes: An Upgraded Method for Efficient Synthesis of Triarylmethanes and Anthracene Derivatives.
Authors: Mohammadiannejad‐Abbasabadi Kazem , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Moghadam Majid , Mirkhani Valiollah , Kia Reza 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe title reaction affords a variety of novel triarylmethanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed [2 + 1] Cycloadditions Affording Vinylidenecyclopropanes as Precursors of 7‐Membered Carbocycles.
Authors: Lepronier Aymeric , Achard Thierry , Giordano Laurent , Tenaglia Alphonse , Buono Gerard , Clavier Herve 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPalladium(II) acetate in association with secondary phosphine oxides provides an efficient catalytic system for [2+1] cycloadditions starting from oxanorbornene derivatives and tertiary propargyl esters giving rise to vinylidenecyclopropanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Mn‐Mediated γ‐Alkylation/Oxa‐Michael Addition of Enones with 1,3‐Dicarbonyls.
Authors: Liu Xiaoguang , Chen Xiaohong , Mohr Justin T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA new radical‐based strategy for regioselective γ‐C—C bond formation/oxa‐conjugate addition to construct tetrahydrobenzofuran derivatives is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Construction of Highly Functionalized Pyrrolo[1,2‐c]imidazol‐1‐ones via a Regioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Imidazolidin‐4‐ones, Aldehydes, and Nitroalkenes in One Pot.
Authors: Zhang Xia , Wang Xiaoyan , He Yanyang , Liu Ying , Liu Jie , Shi Jianyou 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA series of novel pyrrolo[1,2‐c]imidazole derivatives is efficiently synthesized via a three‐component, regioselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Diradical Reaction Mechanisms in [3 + 2]‐Cycloadditions of Hetaryl Thioketones with Alkyl‐ or Trimethylsilyl‐Substituted Diazomethanes.
Authors: Mloston Grzegorz , Pipiak Paulina , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDithiolanes are prepared by the title cycloaddition via diradical mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Photochemically Generated α‐Amino Radicals to Alkenylpyridines.
Authors: Hepburn Hamish B. , Melchiorre Paolo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe conjugate addition of α‐amino radicals to vinylpyridines using Broensted acid and a photoredox catalyst under visible light yields conjugate addition products (III), (V), (VII), and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Polyfunctional 4‐Quinolinones. Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 3‐Hydroxy‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydroquinolines.
Authors: Shmidt Maria S. , Perillo Isabel A. , Camelli Alicia , Fernandez Maria A. , Blanco Maria M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTwo new methods to obtain title compounds (II) and (V) based on rearrangement reactions are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Radical Fluoroalkylation—Cyclization: Synthesis of Tetrafluoro Imidazopyridines.
Authors: Charpentier Julie , Frueh Natalja , Foser Simon , Togni Antonio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed fluoroalkylation‐cyclization sequence of alkenes and alkynes allows the synthesis of fluorinated tetra‐ and dihydroimidazopyridines, making use of a new class of functionalized tetrafluoroethyl reagents based on a hypervalent iodine source.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Dibenzo[b,h][1,6]naphthyridine‐11‐carboxamides via a Domino Reaction Involving Double Elimination of Hydrogen Bromide.
Authors: Feng Bin‐Bin , Lu Lian , Li Chao , Wang Xiang‐Shan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared by the domino reaction of 2‐aminobenzamides and mucobromic acid with good yields involving a double elimination of hydrogen bromide.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I) Catalyzed C(sp2)—N Bond Formation: Synthesis of Pyrrolo[3,2‐c]quinolinone Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Zhiguo , Qian Jingjing , Zhang Guisheng , Ma Nana , Liu Qingfeng , Liu Tongxin , Sun Kai , Shi Lei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA novel route towards pyrroloquinolinones via direct intramolecular amide arylation is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Terreumols A and C from the Mushroom Tricholoma terreum.
Authors: Frichert Alex , Jones Peter G. , Lindel Thomas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe first enantioselective total synthesis of the cytotoxic meroterpenoids terreumol A (I) and C (II), originally isolated from the grey knight mushroom Tricholoma terreum, is described.