bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Writing about Aj Pop B'atz': Bruce Grindal and the Transformation of Ethnographic Writing
Authors: Kistler S. Ashley 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe works of Bruce Grindal teach us many things about anthropology's humanistic tradition. With examples such as Redneck Girl and “Postmodernism as Seen by the Boys at Downhome Auto Repair,” Bruce Grindal demonstrated how we can creatively engage our ethnographic writing to reflect lived experiences. In this article, I examine Bruce's influence on my ethnographic writing and collaborative research in the Maya community of San Juan Chamelco, Guatemala. Since 2006, I have worked collaboratively with a group of Chamelqueños to investigate the story of their local hero, Aj Pop B’atz’. In the 16th century, Aj Pop B’atz’ welcomed Spanish invaders to Chamelco in peace, avoiding the death and destruction suffered by indigenous communities elsewhere. Today, he is revered as a model of indigenous identity. Throughout our work together, my collaborators and I sought outlets to share the information learned through our research with the community. In 2012, we co‐wrote a bilingual children's book about Aj Pop B’atz’ for use in Chamelco's schools. This book offered school children a chance to reconnect with their history, lost through decades of state‐sponsored violence. The Aj Pop B’atz’ project, inspired by Bruce Grindal's legacy, reveals that ethnographic writing can inform creative collaborative projects, making them accessible to those outside of academia and those with whom we work in the field.
Of Orphans and Anthropologists: A Personal Reflection on Forming “Family” and Research Relationships in the Field
Authors: Williams Julie L. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryIn this paper, I explore the anthropologist, in my case a single, white North American “girl,” often referred to as niña in Spanish, as an imagined orphan in the indigenous community of Lumbisí, Ecuador. Lumbiseños' understanding of being “alone” propelled a long process of incorporation that slowly developed my social connections to the community through friendships, alternative fictive kin constructions, and reciprocity. This reflective piece draws on the work of Bruce Grindal, whose profound influence on humanistic anthropology shaped my approach to ethnographic research. His vision of an anthropology based on real human connections, the long‐term responsibility of research, self‐reflection, a critical eye, and the effective communication of human experiences we share with everyone, not just academics, inspired several generations of scholars, who carry on this tradition in his name. Using three vignettes experienced in crucial phases of this ongoing collaborative research, I attempt to illuminate the process of relationship building, the conflicts experienced, and the resolution we obtained in the spirit of Grindal's (2011) final publication, “Confrontation, Understanding, and Friendship in a Redneck Culture.”
Institutionalization or Decoupling? An Exploratory Analysis of theUNGlobal CompactLEADInitiative
Authors: Junaid Nora , Leung Opal , Buono Anthony F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInstitutionalization occurs when organizations adopt policies and practices in an attempt to increase their legitimacy and competitive position. This process assumes that an organization's formal policies (macro‐level) are translated into organizational practices (micro‐level). This translation, however, can fail to occur, resulting in organizational decoupling and de‐institutionalization. Drawing on an institutionalization typology based on different levels of legitimacy (macro) and taken‐for‐grantedness (micro), the article draws on data from an assessment of theUnitedNations Global CompactLEADinitiative, assessing the extent to which this initiative is being institutionalized in the member firms and examining the implications for theLEADinitiative and our thinking about institutionalization.
Advisers and the Fiduciary Duty Debate
Authors: Rubin Gary Douglas 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis work concerns itself with the debate taking place in the United States about the duty of care financial advisers owe investors. On one side it is argued that advisers need only concern themselves with recommendations which meet certain suitability standards. On the other side, there are those who argue the suitability standard is not strong enough to adequately protect investor interests. Instead of ensuring investment recommendations are merely suitable, financial advisers owe their investors a fiduciary duty to “act in the best interest of the customer without regard to the financial or other interests … of the investment adviser providing the advice.” (SEC, 2011).In applying a properly understood conception of what fiduciary means I argue that regulations should not be harmonized but that fiduciary duty should apply to all who provide personalized investment advice to retail customers. I will further argue that even if the regulations are harmonized as proposed, because of exemptions for broker‐dealers as envisioned in the proposal, and which currently apply to Registered Investment Advisers, the efficacy of fiduciary duty is diluted to the point of rendering its current application, much less its potential uniform imposition, irrelevant.
Further Beyond the Basic Background Check: Predicting Future Unethical Behavior
Authors: Brody Richard G. , Perri Frank S. , Van Buren Harry J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the ethical issues of using honesty and integrity tests in employment screening. Our focus will be on the United States context: legal requirements related to applicant privacy differ in other countries, but we posit that our proposed balancing test is broadly applicable. We start by discussing why companies have ethical and legal obligations, based on a stakeholder analysis, to assess the integrity of potential employees. We then move to a consideration of how companies currently use background checks as a pre‐employment screening tool, noting their limitations. We then take up honesty and integrity testing, focusing particularly on the problems of false positives and due process. We offer a balancing test for the use of honesty and integrity testing that takes in three factors: (1) the potential harm posed by a dishonest employee in a particular job, (2) the linkage between the test and the assessment process, and (3) the accuracy and validity of the honesty and integrity test. We conclude with implications for practice and future research.
Looks‐Based Hiring and Wrongful Discrimination
Authors: Bruton Samuel V. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPopular clothing retailer Abercrombie and Fitch (A&F) is well‐known for hiring attractive store sales clerks. While the economic benefits of this hiring practice for the company are undeniable, many commentators contend that it constitutes wrongful discrimination against unattractive job seekers. In this article, I explore the ethics of A&F‐style lookism and challenge two common perspectives on this issue. I argue that on one hand, looks‐based hiring cannot be defended based on its economic benefits alone, as race‐based hiring also can be profitable in some circumstances. At the same time, I reject arguments that looks‐based hiring is not “job relevant” given its economic impact in many contexts. Through a comparison between race‐ and looks‐based hiring, I conclude that at least for businesses that are relevantly similar to A&F—firms for which lookism produces clear economic benefits—looks‐based hiring is permissible.
Rethinking Home, Belonging, and the Potentials of Transnationalism: Australian Hungarians after the Fall of the Berlin Wall
Authors: Andits Petra 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article investigates how first‐generation Australian‐Hungarians’ physical and social conceptions of home have been reconfigured by the changing political settings in Hungary after the fall of the Berlin Wall. I investigate whether the structural transformation after 1989 enabled Hungarians in Australia to shift their perception of the homeland from an abstract image to the homeland as a lived experience. This article suggests three main theoretical implications for scholarly work on home. First, this article draws attention and provides a corrective to the often‐overlooked tension between home's dual meaning, its practical and symbolic, lived and yearned‐for dimensions. Second, the article theoretically delinks but does not disconnect the concepts of “home” and “belonging” making the relationship between the two something to be investigated rather than something to be assumed. And third, I argue for the importance of emotions within experiences of migration and finding home and belonging.
Geographical coincidence and mimicry between harmless snakes (Colubridae: Oxyrhopus) and harmful models (Elapidae: Micrurus)
Authors: Bosque Renan Janke , Noonan Brice Patrick , Colli Guarino Rinaldi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimIn the New World coral‐snake complex, Micrurus species presumably serve as Batesian models for some species of Colubridae, including Oxyrhopus. To better understand the evolutionary role of mimicry, we explored the distributional overlap of Micrurus (models) and Oxyrhopus (mimics), the association between species and pattern richness of both taxa, and the relationship between mimetic fidelity and model diversity.LocationThe Neotropical region and southern‐most Nearctic region.MethodsWe classified colour patterns and delineated the geographical distributions of species in a 1° grid, spanning the distributions of both genera. We used generalized linear models to test for significant associations of species and colour patterns. We used guided regularized random forests to identify, among Micrurus colour patterns, the best predictors of the presence and richness of Oxyrhopus colour patterns. To account for spatial autocorrelation, we implemented Bayesian hierarchical models using the integral nested Laplace approximation with a conditional autoregressive prior.ResultsWith few exceptions, the presence and richness of species of Micrurus bearing a given colour pattern in grid cells were good predictors of the presence and richness of Oxyrhopus species bearing the same colour pattern. However, these relationships did not hold when we accounted for species of Micrurus bearing different colour patterns, except in a few cases. The presence of perfect (i.e. those that have a matching Micrurus model) and imperfect (those that do not) Oxyrhopus colour patterns in grid cells was positively correlated with the richness of Micrurus colour patterns.Main conclusionsMimicry complexes may not rely upon perfect signal matching and distributional overlap as previously supposed. Tests of mimetic relationships based on geographical distributions must account for alternative hypotheses including organisms that do not appear to be close mimics. Mimicry complexes may capitalize upon model signal diversity, allowing for the diversification of lineages with warning coloration in the face of stabilizing selection.
Land‐use legacies rather than climate change are driving the recent upward shift of the mountain tree line in the Pyrenees
Authors: Ameztegui Aitor , Coll Lluís , Brotons Lluís , Ninot Josep M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimTo assess the effects of climate change, past land uses and physiography on the current position of the tree line in the Catalan Pyrenees and its dynamics between 1956 and 2006.LocationMore than 1000 linear kilometres of sub‐alpine tree line in the Catalan Pyrenees (north‐east Spain)MethodsUsing aerial photographs and supervised classification, we reclassified the images into a binary raster with ‘tree’ and ‘non‐tree’ values, and determined canopy cover in 1956 and 2006. We then determined the change in position of the tree line between 1956 and 2006 based on changes in forest cover. We used the distance from the position of the tree line in 1956 to the theoretical potential tree line – determined from interpretation of aerial photographs, identifying the highest old remnants of forest for homogeneous areas of the landscape in terms of bioclimatic conditions, bedrock, landform and exposure – as a surrogate of intensity of past land uses.ResultsOur analyses showed that the Pyrenean tree line has moved upwards on average almost 40 m (mean advance ± SE: 35.3 ± 0.5 m, P < 0.001), although in most cases it has remained unchanged (61.8%) or advanced moderately, i.e. between 25 and 100 m (23.7%); only 9.2% of the locations have advanced more than 100 m. Upward shifts of the tree line were significantly larger in locations heavily modified in the past by anthropogenic disturbance (mean advance 50.8 ± 1.1 m) compared with near natural tree line locations (19.7 ± 0.8 m, P < 0.001), where the mean displacement was much lower than expected and was not related to changes in temperature along the study period.Main conclusionsOur results stress the impact of the cessation of human activity in driving forest dynamics at the tree line in the Catalan Pyrenees, and reveal a very low or even negligible signal of climate change in the study area.
Lower body function as a predictor of mortality over 13 years of follow up: Findings from Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly
Authors: Nam Sanggon , Al Snih Soham , Markides Kyriakos 
Published: December 2015

AimThe objective of this research was to investigate the effect of lower body function on mortality over 13 years of follow‐up study.MethodsData from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly were used, and the Cox proportional hazard model of mortality on age sex, education, body mass index, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Mini‐Mental State Examination, any activities of daily living, walk score and short physical performance battery was applied.ResultsResults showed lower body function to be a strong predictor of mortality over 13 years, as indicated by walk and short physical performance battery scores, as well as any activities of daily living, depression and cognitive function. Furthermore, overweight or obese participants tended to live significantly longer over the long term.ConclusionsLower body function significantly impacts mortality at 2, 7 and 13 years of follow‐up study, but this association decreases in magnitude over time. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1324–1331.
Speech perception enhancement in elderly hearing aid users using an auditory training program for mobile devices
Authors: Yu Jyaehyoung , Jeon Hanjae , Song Changgeun , Han Woojae 
Published: December 2015

AimsThe goal of the present study was to develop an auditory training program using a mobile device and to test its efficacy by applying it to older adults suffering from moderate‐to‐severe sensorineural hearing loss.MethodsAmong the 20 elderly hearing‐impaired listeners who participated, 10 were randomly assigned to a training group (TG) and 10 were assigned to a non‐training group (NTG) as a control. As a baseline, all participants were measured by vowel, consonant and sentence tests. In the experiment, the TG had been trained for 4 weeks using a mobile program, which had four levels and consisted of 10 Korean nonsense syllables, with each level completed in 1 week. In contrast, traditional auditory training had been provided for the NTG during the same period. To evaluate whether a training effect was achieved, the two groups also carried out the same tests as the baseline after completing the experiment.ResultsThe results showed that performance on the consonant and sentence tests in the TG was significantly increased compared with that of the NTG. Also, improved scores of speech perception were retained at 2 weeks after the training was completed. However, vowel scores were not changed after the 4‐week training in both the TG and the NTG.ConclusionsThis result pattern suggests that a moderate amount of auditory training using the mobile device with cost‐effective and minimal supervision is useful when it is used to improve the speech understanding of older adults with hearing loss. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 61–68.
The association between contact and intellectual disability literacy, causal attributions and stigma
Authors: Blundell R. , Das R. , Potts H. , Scior K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundContact is seen as a key route to tackling stigma and discrimination. Contact theory states that the quality and type of contact, as well as circumstance of the contact experience, influence the effect of contact on prejudice. The majority of research in intellectual disabilities though has focused on contact as present or absent only.MethodA total of 1264 adult members of the UK general population completed measures of symptom recognition, social distance (as measure of external stigma) and causal beliefs in response to a diagnostically unlabelled vignette, depicting someone with intellectual disabilities.ResultsA nuanced contact variable, including frequency of contact and closeness and nature of the contact relationship, explained more of the variance in social distance, compared to the binary variable (contact as present or absent). Only the closeness of the relationship was individually predictive though, and the models explained only relatively small amounts of the variance. Structural equation modelling of contact, recognition, social distance and causal beliefs demonstrated that the model including the nuanced variable was an adequate fit for the data.ConclusionsFuture research aimed at increasing our understanding of intellectual disability stigma should avoid assessing contact as a binary variable only, but consider other factors, particularly the closeness of contact relationships. Anti‐stigma interventions may benefit from focussing on causal attributions as a method of reducing stigma.
First Japanese case of Zellweger syndrome with a mutation in PEX14
Authors: Komatsuzaki Shoko , Ogawa Eishin , Shimozawa Nobuyuki , Sakamoto Osamu , Haginoya Kazuhiro , Uematsu Mitsugu , Hasegawa Yuki , Matsubara Yoichi , Ohura Toshihiro 
Published: December 2015

AbstractZellweger syndrome, one of the peroxisome biogenesis disorders, is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in PEX genes. It is characterized by severe hypotonia, failure to thrive, psychomotor retardation, liver dysfunction, and sensorineural hearing impairment. Most of the patients with this disease die before the age of 1 year. PEX14 is the 13th PEX gene responsible for peroxisome biogenesis disorders. Thus far, only two patients with PEX14 deficiency have been reported. Here, we report the first case of a Japanese patient with a PEX14 mutation who showed severe hypotonia, psychomotor retardation, demyelination, and developed rickets at the age of 5 months. An increased excretion of 3,6‐epoxydicarboxylic acids leads to the diagnosis of Zellweger syndrome and a mutation analysis of PEX14 revealed a homozygous mutation of c.538C>T (p.Q180X). The patient survived for a prolonged period of time but died of liver failure at the age of 46 months.
Culture, Context, or Conflict? Analyzing Union Attitudes in Six Rural Counties in Conservative Right‐to‐Work States
Authors: Jacobs Paul , Glass Christy 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study fills an important gap in the literature by analyzing the predictors of union attitude formation in rural, conservative, right‐to‐work states. Drawing on a survey of all licensed electrical workers in six counties in northern Utah and southern Idaho, we analyzed the impact of cultural orientation, job context, and perceived risk on union attitudes. We find that a conservative cultural orientation does not significantly predict union attitudes but job context and perceived risks of union activity do. Dissatisfaction with current working conditions and the belief that employers will oppose and retaliate against workers engaged in union activity significantly predict positive union attitudes. We consider the implications of these findings for scholarship on union attitude formation and for union organizing strategies in rural, conservative right‐to‐work contexts.
Oral surgery in a patient with cirrhosis and thrombocytopenia: a case report
Authors: Patel Seena , Perry Maureen Munnelly , Spolarich Ann Eshenaur 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeWhile most oral surgical procedures can be safely performed in an outpatient setting, certain medical conditions may present a higher chance of postoperative complications. In particular, those predisposing the patient to bleeding abnormalities pose a potential risk when performing such treatments. The authors report a case involving full‐mouth extractions in a patient with cirrhosis and thrombocytopenia after obtaining a platelet transfusion.Methods/CaseA 62‐year‐old Caucasian female presented to a university special care dental clinic requiring extractions. Her pertinent medical history was remarkable for cirrhosis and thrombocytopenia, with a platelet count of 32,000/uL. Upon medical consultation, the patient was appointed for a prophylactic platelet transfusion. The surgery was rendered uneventfully, and the patient achieved adequate hemostasis without hospitalization.Conclusion/Clinical RelevancePatients with cirrhosis pose a potential bleeding risk with dental surgical procedures. Pre‐operative medical consultation, review of pertinent laboratory values, and prophylactic platelet transfusion allow these patients to be managed safely in an outpatient setting.
Hegel on Rectitude and “Virtue as Such”
Authors: Duncan Samuel 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMany philosophers read Hegel as rejecting Kant's ethics of duty and advocating a more or less Aristotelian conception of virtue. However, in the Philosophy of Right Hegel sharply criticizes the ancient conception of virtue, or “virtue proper,” in his terms, and distinguishes it from a more modern concept of virtue, which he calls “rectitude.” In this paper I argue that interpretations that overlook or downplay the significance of the distinction between rectitude and virtue proper are wrong, and I also put forward my own positive interpretation of Hegel's views on virtue. I am mainly concerned with defending two sets of claims: (1) Rectitude is fundamentally different from Aristotelian and other ancient conceptions of virtue. (2) Hegel believes that in modern society acting with rectitude is, in all normal circumstances, superior to attempting to use virtue proper to try to figure out what one should do. I also argue that the conception of virtue I attribute to Hegel has some distinct advantages over Aristotelian conceptions of virtue.
Literally Like a Different Person: Context and Concern in Personal Identity
Authors: DiGiovanna James 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIt is not the case that there is only one literal sense of “same person.” When presented in different contexts, “she is/is not the same person” can have different answers concerning the same entity or set of entities across the same period of time. This is because: (1) Persons are composed of many parts, and different parts have different persistence conditions. This follows from a reductionist view of the self. (2) When we ask about sameness of persons, or “personal identity,” we are asking because of certain practical concerns. (3) Different concerns will look to the persistence of different parts of the person for criteria of sameness. (4) No single criterion of sameness tracks all concerns. By combining reductionism with contextualism, the disparate answers to the personal identity question can be clarified without losing the practical concerns motivating them.