bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volumetric Evaluation of Void/Gap Formation and Microleakage Cementing Fiber Posts on Extracted Teeth with Three Different Cements
Authors: Yikilgan İhsan , Uzun Ozgur , Gürel Mügem , Bala Oya , Ömürlü Hüma , Kayaoglu Guven 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate microleakage in roots restored with fiber posts cemented using three different luting cements, to measure the volume of voids/gaps within the obturated/postcemented root canals, and to examine whether microleakage and the volume of voids/gaps were correlated.Materials and MethodsThirty‐six extracted human mandibular incisors were decoronated, and the root canals were obturated using gutta‐percha and sealer in the experimental groups (n = 30). Six roots were used as controls. A standard post space was prepared, and an identically sized fiber post was cemented in each experimental specimen using one of three luting cements (Panavia F2.0, Bifix SE, GC FujiCEM; n = 10 each). The specimens were scanned using micro–computed tomography, and the volume of voids/gaps was determined. The specimens were then subjected to a fluid filtration assay to evaluate microleakage.ResultsThe volume of voids/gaps was significantly lower in the GC FujiCEM group, and significantly less microleakage occurred in the Bifix SE group compared with other groups (both p < 0.001). A significant correlation between the volume of voids/gaps and leakage was found only in the Panavia F2.0 group (p = 0.003; r = 0.830). No such correlation was found in the analysis of all groups combined.ConclusionsThe group with the greatest volume of voids/gaps (Bifix SE) showed the least microleakage, and the group with the smallest volume of voids/gaps (GC FujiCEM) showed the most microleakage. Panavia F2.0 ranked between and exhibited significant correlation.
Preferences Related to the Use of Mobile Apps as Dental Patient Educational Aids: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bohn Courtney E. , McQuistan Michelle R. , McKernan Susan C. , Askelson Natoshia M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeNumerous patient education apps have been developed to explain dental treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess perceptions and preferences regarding the use of apps in dental settings.Materials and MethodsFour patient education apps describing fixed partial dentures were demonstrated to participants (N = 25). Questions about each app were asked using a semi‐structured interview format to assess participants’ opinions about each app's content, images, features, and use. Sessions were analyzed via note‐based methods for thematic coding.ResultsParticipants believed that apps should be used in conjunction with a dentist's explanation about a procedure. They desired an app that could be tailored for scope of content. Participants favored esthetic images of teeth that did not show structural anatomy, such as tooth roots, and preferred interactive features.ConclusionsPatient education apps may be a valuable tool to enhance patient‐provider communication in dental settings. Participants exhibited varying preferences for different features among the apps and expressed the desire for an app that could be personalized to each patient. Additional research is needed to assess whether the use of apps improves oral health literacy and informed consent among patients.
Unintentional fatal child drowning in the bath: A 12‐year Australian review (2002–2014)
Authors: Peden Amy E , Franklin Richard C , Pearn John H 
Published: September 2017

AimTo establish the prevalence of unintentional fatal drowning in baths involving children <18 years in Australia and to identify causal factors to underpin prevention.MethodsWe report a total population study of all childhood (0–17 years) unintentional drowning fatalities in baths (bathtubs, spa baths and showers) in Australia between 1 July 2002 and 30 June 2014. Demographic, forensic and aetiological data (including co‐bathing, use of bath aids, supervision and enactment of cardiopulmonary resuscitation) were documented for each victim.ResultsSeventy‐eight children were identified; two thirds (66.7%) were under 2 years old, of which 43.6% were aged less than 1 year (1.0/100 000/annum) and 23.1% 1–2 years (0.27/100 000/annum). Nine older children (10–17 years) also drowned. Common causes included: infants and children unable to hold their head out of water while unsupervised and associated pre‐existing medical conditions, including epilepsy. All children who drowned were left without adult supervision. No child drowned in a bath with water deeper than 40 cm (M = 19.4 cm). Custodian‐reported ‘time left unsupervised’ ranged from 30 s to 60 min. Children with pre‐existing medical conditions were, on average, older (9.9 years; confidence interval: 7.9–11.9) and left unsupervised for longer (M = 15.4 min; confidence interval: 3.8–27.1) than those without.ConclusionsOn average, 6.5 children drown every year in baths in Australia. Children aged younger than 1 year are most affected, with both genders equally represented. Infants and toddlers left unsupervised, false confidence in the preventive role of bath aids, unrealistic expectations in the supervisory capabilities of co‐bathing children and epilepsy remain threats to children in the bath.
β-2-himachalen-6-ol protects against skin cancer development in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Daaboul Hamid E , Daher Costantine F , Taleb Robin I , Boulos Joelle , Bodman-Smith Kikki , Boukamp Petra , Shebaby Wassim N , Dagher Carol , El-Sibai Mirvat , Mroueh Mohamad A 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
Previous studies in our laboratory showed that Daucus carota oil extract (DCOE) possesses remarkable in-vitro anticancer activity and antitumour promoting effect against DMBA/TPA skin carcinogenesis in mice. Chemical analysis of DCOE led to the isolation of the β-2-himachalen-6-ol (HC), major sesquiterpene with a potent anticancer activity against various colon, breast, brain and skin cancer cells. This study investigated the anticancer activity of HC against invasive epidermal squamous cell carcinoma cells and evaluated its effect in a DMBA/TPA skin carcinogenesis Balb/c murine model.

Methods
HaCaT-ras II-4 epidermal squamous cells were treated with HC (1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 μg/ml), and cell viability was evaluated with WST 1 assay kit. Cell cycle analysis was carried out by flow cytometry, and pro/anti-apoptotic proteins were measured using Western blot. The effect of topical and intraperitoneal (IP) treatment with HC in mice was assessed using the DMBA/TPA skin carcinogenesis model. Cisplatin (2.5 mg/kg; IP) was used as a positive control. Papilloma incidence, yield and volume were monitored, and isolated papillomas were assessed for their pro/anti-apoptotic proteins and morphology.

Results
β-2-himachalen-6-ol showed a dose-dependent decrease in cell survival with an IC50 and IC90 of 8 and 30 μg/ml, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that treatment with 10 μg/ml HC significantly increased the number of cells undergoing late apoptosis (28%), while 25 μg/ml caused a larger cell shift towards late apoptosis (46.6%) and necrosis (39%). A significant decrease in protein levels of p53 and Bcl-2 and a significant increase in p21 and Bax were observed. Also, there was a significant decrease in p-Erk and p-Akt protein levels. The treatment of mice (IP and topical) with HC caused a significant decrease in papilloma yield, incidence and volume. Similar effects were observed with cisplatin treatment, but HC-treated groups exhibited twofold to threefold increase in survival rates. Similar patterns in the pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins were observed in mice treated with HC, except for a significant increase in p53 protein.

Conclusions
In conclusion, HC treatment induced cell cycle arrest (low dose) and promoted apoptosis partly via inhibition of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways with no significant toxicity to laboratory mice.
Development of extended-release solid dispersion granules of tacrolimus: evaluation of release mechanism and human oral bioavailability
Authors: Tsunashima Daisuke , Yamashita Kazunari , Ogawara Ken-ichi , Sako Kazuhiro , Hakomori Tadashi , Higaki Kazutaka 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to prepare a once-daily modified-release oral formulation of tacrolimus by utilizing an extended-release granules (ERG).

Methods
Extended-release granules were prepared using ethylcellulose (EC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and lactose via a solvent evaporation method with ethanol. Physicochemical and biopharmaceutical studies were performed to determine the formulation with optimum release profile of tacrolimus from ERG.

Key findings
Tacrolimus existed in an amorphous state in ERG. Tacrolimus release from ERG was attenuated by EC and facilitated by lactose, suggesting that drug release kinetics could adequately be regulated by these components. Those release profiles were consistent with Higuchi's equation, suggesting a diffusion-type release mechanism. Smooth surface of ERG changed to the structure with pores after the release test, likely derived from the dissolution of HPMC and lactose. But ERG structure formed by EC was still maintained after the release test, leading to the longer maintenance of diffusion-type release. Two ERG formulations selected by blood concentration simulation successfully provided long-term retention of tacrolimus in blood in a human absorption study.

Conclusions
We successfully developed the formulation exhibiting a significant reduction in Cmax, the longer mean residence time and AUC close to that of an immediate-release tacrolimus formulation, being preferred from the viewpoint of safe and effective immunosuppressant pharmacotherapy.
Weak bones in diabetes mellitus – an update on pharmaceutical treatment options
Authors: Lin Daphne P L , Dass Crispin R 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Diabetes mellitus is often associated with a number of complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and foot ulcers. However, weak bone is a diabetic complication that is often overlooked. Although the exact mechanism for weak bones within diabetes mellitus is unclear, studies have shown that the mechanism does differ in both type I (T1DM) and type II diabetes (T2DM). This review, however, investigates the application of mesenchymal stem cells, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2, teriparatide, insulin administration and the effectiveness of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-ϒ modulator, netoglitazone in the context of diabetic weak bones.

Key findings
In T1DM, weak bones may be the result of defective osteoblast activity, the absence of insulin's anabolic effects on bone, the deregulation of the bone–pancreas negative feedback loop and advanced glycation end product (AGE) aggregation within the bone matrix as a result of hyperglycaemia. Interestingly, T2DM patients placed on insulin administration, thiazolidinediones, SGLT2 inhibitors and sulfonylureas have an associated increased fracture risk. T2DM patients are also observed to have high sclerostin levels that impair osteoblast gene transcription, AGE aggregation within bone, which compromises bone strength and a decrease in esRAGE concentration resulting in a negative association with vertebral fractures.

Summary
Effective treatment options for weak bones in the context of diabetes are currently lacking. There is certainly scope for discovery and development of novel agents that could alleviate this complication in diabetes patients.
Metabolic interactions between acetaminophen (paracetamol) and two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies
Authors: Cao Lei , Kwara Awewura , Greenblatt David J 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Excessive exposure to acetaminophen (APAP, paracetamol) can cause liver injury through formation of a reactive metabolite that depletes hepatic glutathione and causes hepatocellular oxidative stress and damage. Generation of this metabolite is mediated by Cytochrome-P450 (CYP) isoforms, mainly CYP2E1. A number of naturally occurring flavonoids can mitigate APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental animal models. Our objective was to determine the mechanism of these protective effects and to evaluate possible human applicability.

Methods
Two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, were evaluated as potential inhibitors of eight human CYP isoforms, of six UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms and of APAP glucuronidation and sulfation. The experimental model was based on in-vitro metabolism by human liver microsomes, using isoform-specific substrates.

Key findings
Luteolin and quercetin inhibited human CYP isoforms to varying degrees, with greatest potency towards CYP1A2 and CYP2C8. However, 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50 values) were generally in the micromolar range. UGT isoforms were minimally inhibited. Both luteolin and quercetin inhibited APAP sulfation but not glucuronidation.

Conclusions
Inhibition of human CYP activity by luteolin and quercetin occurred with IC50 values exceeding customary in-vivo human exposure with tolerable supplemental doses of these compounds. The findings indicate that luteolin and quercetin are not likely to be of clinical value for preventing or treating APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
Alkaline extractive crude polysaccharide from Russula senecis possesses antioxidant potential and stimulates innate immunity response
Authors: Khatua Somanjana , Acharya Krishnendu 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Over past decades, investigation on bioactive polysaccharides extracted from mushroom by heated water reflux has been an emerging field of biomedicine especially in the area of immune stimulation. While studies with macromolecules isolated from remainder residue of aqueous extraction are scarce. In this context, crude polysaccharide from a traditionally edible macrofungus, Russula senecis, was prepared (RuseCap) by alkaline solvent using leftover residue of that conventional process and its structural along with therapeutic properties were evaluated.

Key findings
Investigation by FT-IR, HPTLC, GC-MS and spectrophotometry showed that the fraction was mainly consisted of carbohydrate with backbone of xylose, rhamnose, mannose and glucose (mostly β-glucan). Besides, RuseCap exhibited strong antioxidant activity evident by radical scavenging (superoxide, hydroxyl, DPPH, ABTS), chelating ability and reduction power where EC50 values ranged from 257 to 4068 μg/ml concentration. In addition, it also exhibited immune-boosting potentiality as the treatment effectively induced proliferation, phagocytosis, nitric oxide production, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, morphological changes and increased transcription level of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6 genes in macrophage cells.

Conclusions
Overall, the study provided blueprint for extended utilization of R. senecis basidiocarps beyond hot water process and defined use of RuseCap as potent therapeutic agent against free radicals as well as deprived immunity.
Phytochemistry and pharmacological potential of Cassia absus – a review
Authors: Ahmad Saeed , Hassan Ayesha , Abbasi Waheed Mumtaz , Rehman Tayyeba 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Cassia absus is a plant of the family fabaceae with Ayurvedic ethnomedical records. It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of bronchitis, asthma, cough, conjunctivitis, leucoderma, renal and hepatic diseases, constipation, tumors, venereal ulcer, headache, hemorrhoids and wound healing. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies have provided valuable scientific evidence for its use. This review aims to summarize reported pharmacognosy, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological potential of C. absus while identifying potential areas of further research of plant.

Key findings
The review comprises literature pertaining to the evidence base therapeutic potential, pharmacognosy and phytochemistry of C. absus spanning from 1935 to 2016 using published articles in peer-reviewed journals, ethno botanical text books, and worldwide accepted scientific databases via electronic search (Elsevier, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Springer, Web of Science, Wiley online library). Kew Botanical Garden databases and the Plant List were used to authenticate the scientific names. Different pharmacological experiments in many in-vitro and in-vivo models have proved the potential of C. absus with antihypertensive, antifertility, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-glycation, antibacterial activity, α– amylase inhibitory activity, antioxidant and reducing activitity etc. chaksine, iso-chaksine, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin and a wide range of chemical compounds have also been reported. Toxicity studies reveal the nontoxic nature of C. absus at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, however, plant possess reproductive toxicity and can be used as birth control or abortifacient.

Summary
Reported activities suggest that there is sufficient pharmacological potential for developing C. absus as a drug for hypertension, infections, diabetes and its complications. However, heterogeneity in study protocol and conflicting results mask the ability to replicate these studies. So, future studies should be replicated in line with best practices. More toxicological studies would aid the progress to clinical trial studies. Various ethno medical uses of C. absus have not been evaluated yet.
Psychosocial Correlates of Ever Having a Pap Test and Abnormal Pap Results in a Sample of Rural Appalachian Women
Authors: Mark Kristen P. , Crosby Richard A. , Vanderpool Robin C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundDespite known prevention and screening efforts, there are higher invasive cervical cancer rates in Appalachia than in other areas of the United States and higher mortality rates in the Appalachian region of Kentucky compared to Appalachian regions of other states.PurposeThe primary purpose of this study was to investigate the association of psychosocial factors relevant to cervical cancer and the outcome of ever having a Pap test in a rural sample of women. The secondary purpose was to determine whether any of the same psychosocial factors were also associated with ever having an abnormal Pap test result among women with a self‐reported history of having one or more Pap tests in their lifetime.MethodsData were collected in fall of 2013 from 393 women in 8 economically distressed counties of rural Appalachian Kentucky. Women completed an interviewer‐administered survey assessing sociodemographic and health information as well as beliefs about cervical cancer.FindingsMultivariate logistic regression results indicated that low income and greater perceived local fatalism were significant predictors of never having a Pap test. Lack of personal control over prevention, and peer and family influences were significant predictors of ever having an abnormal Pap test result.ConclusionsEducational efforts targeted in rural Appalachia would be supported by encouraging the benefits of early and consistent screening, altering the established norms of community fatalism and lack of personal control over prevention, and creating targeted messages through public campaigns that convince rural Appalachian women that cervical cancer is highly preventable and screenable.
Genomic signatures of evolution inNautilus—An endangered living fossil
Authors: Combosch David J. , Lemer Sarah , Ward Peter D. , Landman Neil H. , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLiving fossils are survivors of previously more diverse lineages that originated millions of years ago and persisted with little morphological change. Therefore, living fossils are model organisms to study both long‐term and ongoing adaptation and speciation processes. However, many aspects of living fossil evolution and their persistence in the modern world remain unclear. Here, we investigate three major aspects of the evolutionary history of living fossils: cryptic speciation, population genetics and effective population sizes, using members of the generaNautilusandAllonautilusas classic examples of true living fossils. For this, we analysed genomewide ddRAD‐Seq data for all six currently recognized nautiloid species throughout their distribution range. Our analyses identified three major allopatricNautilusclades: a South Pacific clade, subdivided into three subclades with no signs of admixture between them; a Coral Sea clade, consisting of two genetically distinct populations with significant admixture; and a widespread Indo‐Pacific clade, devoid of significant genetic substructure. Within these major clades, we detected fiveNautilusgroups, which likely correspond to five distinct species. With the exception ofNautilus macromphalus, all previously described species are at odds with genomewide data, testifying to the prevalence of cryptic species among living fossils. DetailedFSTanalyses further revealed significant genome‐wide and locus‐specific signatures of selection between species and differentiated populations, which is demonstrated here for the first time in a living fossil. Finally, approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) simulations suggest large effective population sizes, which may explain the low levels of population differentiation commonly observed in living fossils.
Blind Modal Identification in Frequency Domain Using Independent Component Analysis for High Damping Structures with Classical Damping
Authors: Yao Xiao‐Jun , Yi Ting‐Hua , Qu Chunxu , Li Hong‐Nan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOutput‐only modal identification methods are practical for large‐scale engineering. Recently, independent component analysis (ICA) which is one of the most popular techniques of blind source separation (BSS) has been used for output‐only modal identification to directly separate the modal responses and mode shapes from vibration responses. However, this method is only accurate for undamped or lightly damped structures. To improve the performance of ICA for high damping structures, this article presents an extended ICA‐based method called ICA‐F, which establishes a BSS model in frequency domain. First, the basic idea of BSS and ICA applied in modal identification is introduced in detail. The free vibration responses and the correlation functions of ambient responses can be cast into the frequency‐domain BSS framework just by mapping the time history responses to frequency domain through fast Fourier transform (FFT). Then, an ICA‐based method in frequency domain called ICA‐F is proposed to accurately extract mode shapes and modal responses for both light and high damping structures. A simulated 3 degree of freedom mass‐spring system and a 4‐story simulated benchmark model developed by the IASC‐ASCE Task Group in Health Monitoring are employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can perform accurate modal identification for both light and high damping structures. Finally, the IASC‐ASCE experimental benchmark structure is also utilized to illustrate the proposed method applied to practical structure.