bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward inventory‐based estimates of soil organic carbon in forests of the United States
Authors: Domke G. M. , Perry C. H. , Walters B. F. , Nave L. E. , Woodall C. W. , Swanston C. W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest terrestrial carbon (C) sink on Earth; this pool plays a critical role in ecosystem processes and climate change. Given the cost and time required to measure SOC, and particularly changes in SOC, many signatory nations to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change report estimates of SOC stocks and stock changes using default values from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change or country‐specific models. In the United States, SOC in forests is monitored by the national forest inventory (NFI) conducted by the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program within the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. The FIA program has been consistently measuring soil attributes as part of the NFI since 2001 and has amassed an extensive inventory of SOC in forest land in the conterminous United States and southeast and southcentral coastal Alaska. That said, the FIA program has been using country‐specific predictions of SOC based, in part, upon a model using SOC estimates from the State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) database compiled by the Natural Resources Conservation Service. Estimates obtained from the STATSGO database are averages over large map units and are not expected to provide accurate estimates for specific locations, e.g., NFI plots. To improve the accuracy of SOC estimates in U.S. forests, NFI SOC observations were used for the first time to predict SOC density to a depth of 100 cm for all forested NFI plots. Incorporating soil‐forming factors along with observations of SOC into a new estimation framework resulted in a 75% (48 ± 0.78 Mg/ha) increase in SOC densities nationally. This substantially increases the contribution of the SOC pool, from approximately 44% (17 Pg) of the total forest ecosystem C stocks to 56% (28 Pg), in the forest C budget of the United States.
Sexual counselling for treating or preventing sexual dysfunction in women living with female genital mutilation: A systematic review
Authors: Okomo Uduak , Ogugbue Miriam , Inyang Elizabeth , Meremikwu Martin M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundFemale sexual dysfunction is the persistent or recurring decrease in sexual desire or arousal, the difficulty or inability to achieve an orgasm, and/or the feeling of pain during sexual intercourse. Impaired sexual function can occur with all types of female genital mutilation (FGM) owing to the structural changes, pain, or traumatic memories associated with the procedure.ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review of randomized and nonrandomized studies into the effects of sexual counseling with or without genital lubricants on the sexual function of women living with FGM.Search strategyCochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, African Index Medicus, SCOPUS, LILACS, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, and other databases were searched to August 2015. The reference lists of retrieved studies were checked for reports of additional studies, and lead authors contacted for additional data.Selection criteriaStudies of girls and women living with any type of FGM who received counselling interventions for sexual dysfunction were included.Data collection and analysisNo relevant studies that addressed the objective of the review were identified.ConclusionsDespite a comprehensive search, the authors could not find evidence of the effects of sexual counseling on the sexual function of women living with FGM. Studies assessing this intervention are needed.PROSPERO registrationCRD42015024593.
Psychological and counselling interventions for female genital mutilation
Authors: Smith Helen , Stein Karin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWomen and girls living with female genital mutilation (FGM) are more likely to experience psychological problems than women without FGM. As well as psychological support, this population may need additional care when seeking surgical interventions to correct complications of FGM. Recent WHO guidelines recommend cognitive behavioral therapy for women and girls experiencing anxiety disorders, depression, or post‐traumatic stress disorder. The guidelines also suggest that preoperative counselling for deinfibulation, and psychological support alongside surgical interventions, can help women manage the physiological and psychological changes following surgery. This synthesis summarizes evidence on women's values and preferences, and the context and conditions that may be required to provide psychological and counselling interventions. Understanding women's views, their own ways of coping, as well social and cultural factors that influence women's mental well‐being, may help identify the types of interventions this population needs at different times and stages of their lives.
Health information interventions for female genital mutilation
Authors: Smith Helen , Stein Karin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractProviding information and education to women and girls living with female genital mutilation (FGM) could be an important influence on their healthcare‐seeking behavior. Healthcare providers also need adequate knowledge and skills to provide good quality care to this population. Recent WHO guidelines on managing health complications from FGM contain best practice statements for health education and information interventions for women and providers. This qualitative evidence synthesis summarizes the values and preferences of girls and women living with FGM, and healthcare providers, together with other evidence on the context and conditions of these interventions. The synthesis highlights that healthcare providers lack skills and training to manage women, and women are concerned about the lack of discussion about FGM with providers. There is a need for more training for providers, and further research to understand how health information interventions may be perceived or experienced by women living with FGM in different contexts.
Mechanisms of charge transfer in human copper ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B
Authors: Tadini‐Buoninsegni Francesco , Smeazzetto Serena 
Published: February 2017

AbstractATP7A and ATP7B are Cu+‐transporting ATPases of subclass IB and play a fundamental role in intracellular copper homeostasis. ATP7A/B transfer Cu+ ions across the membrane from delivery to acceptor proteins without establishing a free Cu+ gradient. Transfer of copper across the membrane is coupled to ATP hydrolysis. Current measurements on solid supported membranes (SSM) were performed to investigate the mechanism of copper‐related charge transfer across ATP7A and ATP7B. SSM measurements demonstrated that electrogenic copper displacement occurs within ATP7A/B following addition of ATP and formation of the phosphorylated intermediate. Comparison of the time constants for cation displacement in ATP7A/B and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase is consistent with the slower phosphoenzyme formation in copper ATPases. Moreover, ATP‐dependent copper transfer in ATP7A/B is not affected by varying the pH, suggesting that net proton counter‐transport may not occur in copper ATPases. Platinum anticancer drugs activate ATP7A/B and are subjected to ATP‐dependent vectorial displacement with a mechanism analogous to that of copper. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 69(4):218–225, 2017
Pancreatic impairment and Igf2 hypermethylation induced by developmental exposure to bisphenol A can be counteracted by maternal folate supplementation
Authors: Mao Zhenxing , Xia Wei , Huo Wenqian , Zheng Tongzhang , Bassig Bryan A. , Chang Huailong , Chen Tian , Li Feie , Pan Yunxin , Peng Yang , Li Yuanyuan , Xu Shunqing 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that bisphenol A (BPA), a widely manufactured environmental pollutant, can induce changes in DNA methylation paatterns, which is a potential mechanism linking this environmental exposure to disease development. We investigated the influence of developmental exposure to BPA on pancreatic DNA methylation patterns and whether maternal folate supplementation can modify the epigenetic status and pancreatic impairment induced by BPA. Our results showed that maternal dietary folate supplementation in rats exposed to BPA counteracted the observed BPA‐induced pancreatic impairments in the offspring, which included disrupted insulin secretion and glucose intolerance, and impaired morphology and ultrastructure of β cells. Moreover, these pancreatic dysfunctions were shown to be associated with low expression and DNA hypermethylation of insulin‐like growth factor‐2 (Igf2) in islets induced by exposure to BPA during the developmental period. Importantly, maternal dietary folate supplementation was demonstrated to negate this Igf2 DNA hypermethylation in the offspring, which was consistent with the upregulation of Igf2 expression. Overall, our results suggest that early developmental exposure to BPA alters the DNA methylation of Igf2, that these altered methylation patterns are associated with impaired β‐cell function in the offspring and that these effects can be counteracted by maternal folate supplementation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Holographic optical tweezers‐based in vivo manipulations in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Hörner Florian , Meissner Robert , Polali Sruthi , Pfeiffer Jana , Betz Timo , Denz Cornelia , Raz Erez 
Published: February 2017

Understanding embryonic development requires the characterization of the forces and the mechanical features that shape cells and tissues within the organism. In addition, experimental application of forces on cells and altering cell and organelle shape allows determining the role such forces play in morphogenesis. Here, we present a holographic optical tweezers‐based new microscopic platform for in vivo applications in the context of a developing vertebrate embryo that unlike currently used setups allows simultaneous trapping of multiple objects and rapid comparisons of viscoelastic properties in different locations. This non‐invasive technique facilitates a dynamic analysis of mechanical properties of cells and tissues without intervening with embryonic development. We demonstrate the application of this platform for manipulating organelle shape and for characterizing the mechanobiological properties of cells in live zebrafish embryos. The method of holographic optical tweezers as described here is of general interest and can be easily transferred to studying a range of developmental processes in zebrafish, thereby establishing a versatile platform for similar investigations in other organisms.
Fluorescent beads injected into zebrafish embryos at 1‐cell stage are maintained within the embryos and do not affect their development as observed in the presented 1‐day old embryo.magnified imageFluorescent beads injected into zebrafish embryos at 1‐cell stage are maintained within the embryos and do not affect their development as observed in the presented 1‐day old embryo.
Real‐time Raman and SRS imaging of living human macrophages reveals cell‐to‐cell heterogeneity and dynamics of lipid uptake
Authors: Stiebing Clara , Meyer Tobias , Rimke Ingo , Matthäus Christian , Schmitt Michael , Lorkowski Stefan , Popp Jürgen 
Published: February 2017

Monitoring living cells in real‐time is important in order to unravel complex dynamic processes in life sciences. In particular the dynamics of initiation and progression of degenerative diseases is intensely studied. In atherosclerosis the thickening of arterial walls is related to high lipid levels in the blood stream, which trigger the lipid uptake and formation of droplets as neutral lipid reservoirs in macrophages in the arterial wall. Unregulated lipid uptake finally results in foam cell formation, which is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. In previous studies, the uptake and storage of different fatty acids was monitored by measuring fixed cells. Commonly employed fluorescence staining protocols are often error prone because of cytotoxicity and unspecific fluorescence backgrounds. By following living cells with Raman spectroscopic imaging, lipid uptake of macrophages was studied with real‐time data acquisition. Isotopic labeling using deuterated palmitic acid has been combined with spontaneous and stimulated Raman imaging to investigate the dynamic process of fatty acid storage in human macrophages for incubation times from 45 min to 37 h. Striking heterogeneity in the uptake rate and the total concentration of deuterated palmitic acid covering two orders of magnitude is detected in single as well as ensembles of cultured human macrophages.
SRS signal of deuterated palmitic acid measured at the CD vibration band after incorporation into living macrophages.magnified imageSRS signal of deuterated palmitic acid measured at the CD vibration band after incorporation into living macrophages.
Bisphosphonate‐functionalized poly(β‐amino ester) network polymers
Authors: Guven Melek Naz , Seckin Altuncu Merve , Demir Duman Fatma , Eren Tugce Nur , Yagci Acar Havva , Avci Duygu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThree novel bisphosphonate‐functionalized secondary diamines are synthesized and incorporated into poly(β‐amino ester)s (PBAEs) to investigate the effects of bisphosphonates on biodegradation and toxicity of PBAE polymer networks. These three novel amines, BPA1, BPA2, and BPA3, were prepared from the reactions of 1,4‐butanediamine, 1,6‐hexanediamine, or 4,9‐dioxa‐1,12‐dodecanediamine with tetraethyl vinylidene bisphosphonate, respectively. The PBAE macromers were obtained from the aza‐Michael addition reaction of these amines to 1,6‐hexane diol diacrylate (HDDA) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, Mn = 575) and photopolymerized to produce biodegradable gels. These gels with different chemistries exhibited similar degradation behavior with mass loss of 53–73% within 24 h, indicating that degradation is mostly governed by the bisphosphonate group. Based on the in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation against NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, the degradation products do not exhibit significant toxicity in most cases. It was also shown that PBAE macromers can be used as cross‐linkers for the synthesis of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydrogels, conferring small and customizable degradation rates upon them. The materials reported have potential to be used as nontoxic degradable biomaterials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1412–1421, 2017.
Influence of key physicochemical and hydrodynamic specifications of three packing materials on both performance and bacterial community structure of gas‐biofilters
Authors: Malhautier Luc , Gadal‐Mawart Aurélie , Rocher Janick , Renner Christophe , Fanlo Jean‐Louis 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDDifferent physical and biological parameters are involved in the successful running of gas biofilters. The nature of the packing material has a great impact on service life of the biofilter, removal performances, microbial growth and operational costs. The aim of this study is then to gain insight to the influence of key physicochemical (pH) and hydrodynamic (mean residence time) specifications of three packing materials (lava rock, residuals of waste treatment and coco fibres) on both elimination efficiency of gaseous contaminants (dimethylsulfide, 3‐methyl‐butyraldehyde and methyl isobutyl ketone) and structure of the total bacterial community within non‐inoculated and seeded biofilters.RESULTSAt steady‐state, both material characteristics have no impact on biodegradation activity profiles as non‐inoculated biofilters exhibited the same stratification pattern of elimination capacity, with better and faster elimination of oxygenated compounds compared with dimethylsulfide. Nevertheless, pH and mean residence time seem to influence the elimination capacity of the biofilters as alkaline pH value improved contaminants removal and higher abatement values are observed for biofilters packed with a granular material. Moreover, both characteristics would induce the establishment of a specific structure of the total microbial community for each material.CONCLUSIONThis study did not aim to provide a single general protocol for optimal packing material choice, but presented a systemic guideline to compare materials characteristics (pH, hydrodynamic parameters, shape), assessing their impact on biofilter performances, filter bed depth required for pollutants biodegradation and microbial community organization. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Perception of point‐of‐care ultrasound performed by emergency medicine physicians
Authors: Hansen Whitney , Mitchell Carl E. , Bhattarai Bikash , Ayutyanont Napatkamon , Stowell Jeffrey R. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPurposePoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is integral to the practice of emergency medicine (EM). Furthermore, EM‐performed POCUS (EM‐POCUS) offers consultants the opportunity to avoid delays in care due to wait times for confirmatory imaging studies. This study is the first to describe the perception of POCUS to consulting services at a single institution where EM‐POCUS is routinely performed.MethodsThis study was conducted as a survey distributed to residents from consultant specialties (internal medicine [IM], general surgery [GS], and obstetrics and gynecology [OB‐GYN]). Survey questions aimed to describe consultant's confidence and utilization of EM‐POCUS. Responses were evaluated using descriptive and comparative analysis.ResultsSurvey responses were obtained from 27 IM (87.1%), 13 GS (100%), and 21 OB‐GYN (100%) respondents. Among consultant specialties, 47.5% of respondents reported comfort with EM‐POCUS. IM (81.5%) providers were significantly more likely to trust EM‐POCUS as compared with OB‐GYN (28.6%) and GS (7.7%) providers (p < 0.001). Confidence was further limited when consultants were unable to view POCUS images (23.8% for OB‐GYN, 15.4% for GS, 55.6% for IM), but improved with EM provider level of POCUS experience and training (81% for OB‐GYN, 76.9% for GS, 77.8% for IM). Overall, consultant utilization of EM‐POCUS was 68.9%.ConclusionsStudy respondents demonstrated limited confidence and utilization of EM‐POCUS in this institution. Increased understanding of EM‐POCUS training and expanded image availability may improve consultant utilization. Future studies, performed nationally, should further describe the value of EM‐POCUS to consultant services. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:408–415, 2017
Intracellular pH measured by 31P‐MR‐spectroscopy might predict site of progression in recurrent glioblastoma under antiangiogenic therapy
Authors: Wenger Katharina J. , Hattingen Elke , Franz Kea , Steinbach Joachim P. , Bähr Oliver , Pilatus Ulrich 
Published: February 2017

PurposeIn solid tumors, changes in the expression/activity of plasma membrane ion transporters facilitate proton efflux and enable tumor cells to maintain a higher intracellular pH (pHi), while the microenvironment (pHe) is commonly more acidic. This supports various tumor‐promoting mechanisms. We propose that these changes in pH take place before a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐detectable brain tumor recurrence occurs.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 66 patients with recurrent glioblastoma, treated with bevacizumab. Patients received a baseline and 8‐week follow‐up MRI including 1H/31P MRSI (spectroscopy) on a 3T clinical scanner, until progressive disease according to Response Assessment in Neuro‐Oncology (RANO) criteria occurred. Fourteen patients showed a distant or diffuse tumor recurrence (subsequent tumor) during treatment and were therefore selected for further evaluation. At the site of the subsequent tumor, an area of interest for MRSI voxel selection was retrospectively defined on radiographically unaffected baseline MRI sequences.ResultsBefore treatment, pHi in the area of interest (subsequent tumor) was significantly higher than pHi of the contralateral normal‐appearing tissue (control; P < 0.001). It decreased at the time of best response (P = 0.06), followed by a significant increase at progression (P = 0.03; baseline mean: 7.06, median: 7.068, SD: 0.032; best response mean: 7.044, median: 7.036, SD: 0.025; progression mean: 7.08, median: 7.095, SD 0.035). Until progression, the subsequent tumor was not detectable on standard MRI sequences. The area of existing tumor responded similar, but changes were not significant (decrease P = 0.22; increase P = 0.28).ConclusionElevated pHi in radiographically unaffected tissue at baseline might precede MRI‐detectable progression in patients with recurrent glioblastoma treated with bevacizumab.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1200–1208.
Novel biparametric MRI and targeted biopsy improves risk stratification in men with a clinical suspicion of prostate cancer (IMPROD Trial)
Authors: Jambor Ivan , Boström Peter J. , Taimen Pekka , Syvänen Kari , Kähkönen Esa , Kallajoki Markku , Perez Ileana Montoya , Kauko Tommi , Matomäki Jaakko , Ettala Otto , Merisaari Harri , Kiviniemi Aida , Dean Peter B. , Aronen Hannu J. 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo evaluate the role of a 3T biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI), T2‐weighted imaging, and three separate diffusion‐weighted imaging acquisitions combined with targeted biopsy (TB) for improving risk stratification of men with elevated prostate‐specific antigen (PSA).Materials and MethodsBetween March 2013 and February 2015, 175 men with a clinical suspicion of prostate cancer (PCa) were offered bpMRI (NCT01864135) based on a suspicion of PCa (two repeated PSA measurements in the range 2.5–20.0 ng/ml and/or abnormal digital rectal examination). Men with an equivocal to high suspicion of PCa had two TBs of the dominant lesion using cognitive ultrasound guidance, followed by systematic biopsy (SB). Men with a low to very low suspicion had only SB. In total, 161 (161/175, 92%) prospectively enrolled men completed the trial and were included in the final analyses. The primary endpoint of the trial was the cancer detection rate (CDR) of TB and SB. Clinically significant cancer (SPCa) was defined as Gleason score ≥3 + 4.ResultsTB compared with SB had higher CDR for SPCa (45%, 72/161 vs. 39%, 63/161, respectively; P > 0.05) and a lower CDR for Gleason score 3 + 3 (8%, 15/161 vs. 16%, 30/161; P < 0.05). Restricting biopsy to men with equivocal to highly suspicious bpMRI findings would have resulted in a 24% (38/161) reduction in the number of men undergoing biopsy, while missing 4 (2%) with SPCa. All anonymized datasets, including bpMRI reports and follow up information, are freely available on the trial server.ConclusionPrebiopsy bpMRI and TB in men with a clinical suspicion of PCa improved risk stratification.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1089–1095.