bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (sgk) mRNA is up-regulated by GM-CSF and other proinflammatory mediators in human granulocytes
Authors: Cowling R T , Birnboim H C 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Stimulation of human peripheral blood granulocytes with the proinflammatory cytokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), increases incorporation of [3H]uridine into RNA. We investigated the nature of the RNA synthesized under these conditions. Using transcription inhibitors, gel electrophoresis, and high-salt precipitation, it was concluded that as much as 90% of this radiolabeled RNA represents polymerase II transcripts. Differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to identify and clone GM-CSF-responsive mRNAs. Serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (sgk) mRNA was identified that could be up-regulated 10- to 20-fold by ≥0.1 ng/mL recombinant human GM-CSF. The 2.6-kb sgk mRNA was induced rapidly (within 30 min) by GM-CSF and remained at high levels for at least 12 h. Up-regulation was blocked completely by the transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D, but not by the translation inhibitor, cycloheximide, nor by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein. Up-regulation did not appear to be caused by enhanced mRNA stability. Other inflammatory mediators could also increase sgk mRNA levels (GM-CSF &gt; &gt; lipopolysaccharide &gt; fMLP = tumor necrosis factor α). The function of sgk in granulocytes remains unknown. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67: 240–248; 2000.
Nitric oxide regulates nucleoside transport in activated B lymphocytes
Authors: Soler Concepció , Felipe Antonio , Casado F Javier , Celada Antonio , Pastor-Anglada Marçal 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Activation of human B lymphocytes by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) results in the differential regulation of nucleoside uptake [Soler, C., Felipe, A., Mata, J. F., Casado, F. J., Celada, A., Pastor-Anglada, M. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 26939–26945]. Because nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the modulation of the apoptotic response of B cells, the effects of NO on the regulatory responses of these transport systems to phorbol esters has been studied in Raji cells by a combination of approaches that involve arginine depletion, inhibition of nitric oxide synthase, and non-enzymatic production of NO using a donor. Human B lymphocytes express three transport systems involved in nucleoside uptake: N1 and N5, which are concentrative and Na+-dependent, and the nitrobenzylthioinosine-sensitive equilibrative system es. Raji cells do not express significant amounts of iNOS mRNA or protein; thus, NO production is presumably constitutive. The data are consistent with a role of NO in maintaining the basal transport activities of the three systems: N1, N5, and es. However, the up-regulatory effect of PMA on N1 and N5 does not require NO, whereas the inhibition of es transport activity does. In summary, NO differentially modulates nucleoside transport systems in activated human B lymphocytes and thus, NO may also be involved in the regulation of nucleoside (i.e., adenosine) disposal by activated B cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67: 345–349; 2000.
Toll-like receptors: a growing family of immune receptors that are differentially expressed and regulated by different leukocytes
Authors: Muzio Marta , Polentarutti Nadia , Bosisio Daniela , Prahladan Manoj Kumar Panatt , Mantovani Alberto 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Toll is a Drosophila gene essential for ontogenesis and antimicrobial resistance. Several hortologues of Toll have been identified and cloned in vertebrates, namely Toll-like receptors (TLR). Human TLR are a growing family of molecules involved in innate immunity. TLR are structurally characterized by a cytoplasmic Toll/interleukin-1R (TIR) domain and by extracellular leucine-rich repeats. TLR characterized so far activate the My D88/IRAK signaling cascade, which bifurcates and leads to NF-κB and c-Jun/ATF2/TCF activation. Genetic, gene transfer, and dominant-negative approaches have involved TLR family members (TLR2 and TLR4) in lipopolysaccharide recognition and signaling. Accumulating evidence suggests that some TLR molecules are also involved in signaling receptor complexes that recognize components of gram-positive bacteria and mycobacteria. However, the definitive role of other TLR is still lacking. A systematic approach has been used to determine whether different human leukocyte populations selectively or specifically expressed TLR mRNA. Based on expression pattern, TLR can be classified as ubiquitous (TLR1), restricted (TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5), and specific (TLR3). Expression and regulation of distinct though overlapping ligand recognition patterns may underlie the existence of a numerous, seemingly redundant, TLR family. Alternately, the expression of a TLR in a single cell type may indicate a specific role for this molecule in a restricted setting. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67: 450–456; 2000.
Hydrogen peroxide-induced phospholipase D2 activation in lymphocytic leukemic L1210 cells
Authors: Lee Byoung Dae , Kim Jae Ho , Lee Sang Do , Kim Yong , Suh Pann-Ghill , Ryu Sung Ho 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been implicated in the activation of phospholipase D (PLD). However, it was still unclear how this activation occurs and what the molecular identity of the H2O2-stimulated PLD isozyme is. This study shows that H2O2 potently increases the PLD activity in mouse lymphocytic leukemic L1210 cells, which contain exclusively PLD2. In addition, H2O2 increased PLD activity only in PLD2-transfected COS-7 cells and not in PLD1-transfected cells. This suggests that PLD2 is selectively activated by H2O2. Depletion of extracellular Ca2+ with EGTA completely blocked the H2O2-induced PLD activation, indicating that Ca2+ influx is required. Moreover, pretreatment of the cells with the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors GF-109203X and RO-31-8220 and down-regulation of PKCct by prolonged treatment with 4β-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate inhibited the H2O2-stimulated PLD2 activity, which points to the involvement of PKCα. Based on these new findings we suggest that PLD2 activity is specifically up-regulated by H2O2 and that the H2O2-induced PLD2 activation is mediated by Ca2+ influx and PKCα activation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67: 630–636; 2000.
Activation of TNF-α transcription utilizes distinct MAP kinase pathways in different macrophage populations
Authors: Means Terry K , Pavlovich Ryan P , Roca Dominic , Vermeulen Mary W , Fenton Matthew J 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Stimulation of macrophages by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to the rapid activation of MAP kinases (MAPK) and the subsequent induction of cytokine gene expression. We sought to determine whether LPS-inducible cytokine genes were differentially regulated in macrophages derived from different tissues. Our studies revealed that PD98059, an inhibitor of the extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, blocked LPS-induced activation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) gene expression in a murine cell line derived from alveolar macrophages but not in a nonpulmonary macrophage cell line. These findings were confirmed using primary murine alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. This suggests that the TNF-α promoter contains MAPK-dependent and -independent regulatory elements that are used in a cell type-specific manner. We also found that differences in MAPK-regulated signaling were not mediated by NF-κB, LITAF, Egr-1, CREB, or ATF2/c-Jun. Together, these studies demonstrate that transcriptional activation of the TNF-α gene requires the ERK signaling cascade in selected macrophage populations. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67: 885–893; 2000.
cAMP induces CD14 expression in murine macrophages via increased transcription
Authors: Liu Shubing , Morris Sidney M , Nie Suhua , Shapiro Richard A , Billiar Timothy R 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
CD14, a glycoprotein that binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide, plays a critical role in the inflammatory response to infection by gram-negative bacteria. Studies were undertaken to determine whether cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) regulates CD14 expression in macrophages. Incubation of RAW 264.7 cells with 8-Br-cAMP resulted in a significant increase in steady-state CD14 mRNA levels. The increase in mRNA levels was also associated with both cell-associated and soluble CD14 protein. H89 completely blocked the 8-Br-cAMP-induced CD14 mRNA up-regulation. There was no change in CD14 mRNA half-life in the presence of 8-Br-cAMP. The CD14 gene transcription rate was increased about twofold after exposure to 8-Br-cAMP. cAMP-dependent increases in CD14 mRNA were also observed in rat peritoneal macrophages, demonstrating that this is an authentic response of mature macrophages. This study provides evidence that cAMP and protein kinase A are important regulators of CD14 expression in macrophages. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67: 894–901; 2000.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Thermal and Hydrolytic Decomposition Reaction of Rosocyanin
Authors: John Jeena , Rugmini Sudha Devi , Nair Balachandran Sreedharan 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTSpiroborate esters of curcumin find applications in the field of medicinal and analytical chemistry. The present paper reports the hydrolytic and thermal stability of rosocyanin, a 1:2 spiroborate ester of curcumin used for the photometric estimation of boron in different matrices. The effect of temperature, pH, and solvents was monitored spectrophotometrically for the hydrolysis of rosocyanin. The reaction followed first‐order kinetics, and the reaction rate enhanced with an increase in the percentage of water in an aqueous organic mixture, temperature, and pH. 11B NMR and UV–visible spectra were used to identify the hydrolysis product. The possible mechanistic route for the hydrolysis of rosocyanin was proposed. Solid‐state stability of rosocyanin was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, and the data were analyzed using different solid‐state reaction models to find the suitable reaction model. Kinetic parameters associated with its thermal decomposition were calculated using Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose isoconversional methods and were compared.
Effective carbon sequestration in Italian agricultural soils by in situ polymerization of soil organic matter under biomimetic photocatalysis
Authors: Piccolo Alessandro , Spaccini Riccardo , Cozzolino Vincenza , Nuzzo Assunta , Drosos Marios , Zavattaro Laura , Grignani Carlo , Puglisi Edoardo , Trevisan Marco 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFacing an exploding population growth with consequent increase of agriculture intensification, new chemical technologies are being sought to limit organic matter losses and reduce land degradation. Here, we report that an effective organic carbon sequestration in different cropped soils of Italy is obtained by an in situ photo‐oxidative coupling among soil humic molecules, when catalyzed under solar irradiation by a water‐soluble biomimetic iron‐porphyrin catalyst amended to field soils. A 3‐year long field study showed that the catalyst‐assisted in situ photochemical polymerization of humic matter enabled a yearly sequestration of soil organic carbon that ranged from 2.2 to 3.9 t ha−1 y−1, despite the periodical soil disturbance due to a conventional tillage management. This significant stabilization of organic matter was observed not only in bulk soils but also in water‐stable aggregates, whose loss of organic carbon during separation was limited in catalyst‐treated soils. Although crop yields were the same in treated and control soils, measurements of phospholipids fatty acids and soil enzyme activities indicated that the catalyzed in situ photo‐oxidative coupling of humic molecules did not alter the structure and activity of microbial communities and the biological functions of soils. This innovative and ecologically safe catalytic technology may be developed as a useful soil management practice to stabilize organic matter in situ in arable soils, while concomitantly ensuring soil functions and sustainability of crop production.
Climate‐induced hydrological variation controls the transformation of dissolved organic matter in a subalpine lake
Authors: Ejarque Elisabet , Khan Samiullah , Steniczka Gertraud , Schelker Jakob , Kainz Martin J. , Battin Tom J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLakes are an inherent component of the global carbon cycle. They receive dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the catchment, which is stored, transformed and respired, or delivered downstream. In this study, we show that a subalpine lake shifts its role from DOM “transporter” to “transformer” depending on season and climate. We monitored dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and DOM optical properties at the inlet and outlet of subalpine Lake Lunz (Austria) at high frequency during two contrasting years: an extreme drought in 2015, and regular precipitation regime in 2016. During both years, the DOC mass balance revealed that inflowing and outflowing DOC loads were nearly balanced (+6.57% and +1.70% DOC production in 2015 and 2016, respectively). However, DOM optical properties revealed an in‐lake turnover of DOM compounds, so that the terrestrial and aromatic signature of inflowing DOM was modified into autochthonous, protein‐like DOM. The magnitude of this transformation varied seasonally, being maximal in summer and minimal in winter, presumably following periods of high and low primary production and photo‐degradation. Inter‐annually, we found that drought further increased DOM transformation during summer by extending the lake water residence time. Finally, our results demonstrate a rapid response of DOM dynamics to hydrological and meteorological changes at both seasonal and inter‐annual scales, suggesting that carbon cycling in clear‐water mountain lakes may be highly sensitive to hydrological variation.
High resolution hyperpolarized 13C MRSI using SPICE at 9.4T
Authors: Lee Hansol , Song Jae Eun , Shin Jaewook , Joe Eunhae , Joo Chan Gyu , Choi Young‐Suk , Song Ho‐Taek , Kim Dong‐Hyun 
Published: January 2018

PurposeTo test the feasibility of using the SPICE (SPectroscopic Imaging by exploiting spatiospectral CorrElation) technique, which uses the partial separability of spectroscopic data, for high resolution hyperpolarized (HP) 13C spectroscopic imaging.MethodsNumerical simulations were performed to investigate the impact of transient HP signals on SPICE reconstruction. Furthermore, spectroscopic imaging exams from SPICE and conventional EPSI (echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging) were simulated for comparison. For in vivo experiments, HP 13C SPICE was performed in a mouse kidney by means of the injection of HP [1‐13C] pyruvate at 9.4T.ResultsThe variation of lactate/pyruvate from the simulated SPICE was less than 4% under various factors that affect the transient HP signal, suggesting that the impact is negligible. We found that while HP 13C EPSI was limited to the low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of lactate, these limitations were mitigated through HP 13C SPICE, facilitating the improved SNR of lactate and the distinction of tissues. Acquisition of a high resolution HP 13C spectroscopic image was possible for the in vivo experiments. With the fine structural information, the acquired image showed higher signal of pyruvate and lactate in the renal cortices than in the medullas, which is known to be attributed to higher activity of lactate dehydrogenase.ConclusionThe feasibility of HP 13C SPICE was investigated. Simulation studies were conducted and in vivo experiments were performed in the mouse kidney at 9.4T. Results confirmed that a high resolution HP 13C spectroscopic image with adequate spectral resolution can be obtained. Magn Reson Med 80:703–710, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Ultrasonographic demonstration of intraneural neovascularization after penetrating nerve injury
Authors: Arányi Zsuzsanna , Csillik Anita , Dévay Katalin , Rosero Maja 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Hypervascularization of nerves has been shown to be a pathological sign in some peripheral nerve disorders, but has not been investigated in nerve trauma. Methods: An observational cohort study was performed of the intraneural blood flow of 30 patients (34 nerves) with penetrating nerve injuries, before or after nerve reconstruction. All patients underwent electrophysiological assessment, and B‐mode and color Doppler ultrasonography. Results: Intraneural hypervascularization proximal to the site of injury was found in all nerves, which was typically marked and had a longitudinal extension of several centimeters. In 6 nerves, some blood flow was also present within the injury site or immediately distal to the injury. No correlation was found between the degree of vascularization and age, size of the scar / neuroma, or degree of reinnervation. Discussion: Neovascularization of nerves proximal to injury sites appears to be an essential element of nerve regeneration after penetrating nerve injuries. Muscle Nerve 57: 994–999, 2018
Factors associated with healthy and unhealthy workplace eating behaviours in individuals with overweight/obesity with and without binge eating disorder
Authors: Leung S. L. , Barber J. A. , Burger A. , Barnes R. D. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryObjectiveMost Americans spend an average of 8 hours per day in the workplace. Current understanding of eating behaviours in the workplace and their association with overweight, obesity and binge eating disorder (BED) is limited. Workplace eating behaviours and weight‐related self‐efficacy were examined in a sample of 98 individuals with overweight or obesity, with or without BED.DesignParticipants completed the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire, Work and Social Adjustment Scale, Worker's Perception of Environmental Factors, and a Workplace Questionnaire.ResultsEating unplanned food occurred on average 2.43 times per week (SD = 3.37), and eating unplanned food even when meals were brought from home occurred on average 1.28 times per week (SD = 1.84). Individuals with BED purchased lunch even when they brought food from home significantly more frequently than did individuals without BED. Those with BED also reported significantly poorer work and social adjustment related to binge eating as compared with those without BED. The most significant barriers to healthy eating in the workplace were coworker influence, eating more food in general and more junk food in response to stress, eating unplanned food at work and time constraints.ConclusionsThese factors may be important to target in weight‐loss treatment to increase individuals' weight loss success. As individuals with BED may be the most vulnerable to eating unplanned foods, clinicians may want to focus on this potential barrier in BED treatment.
Myocardial injury in fetal aortic stenosis: Insights from amniotic fluid analysis
Authors: Friedman Kevin G. , Sleeper Lynn A. , Fichorova Raina N. , Weilnau Taylor , Tworetzky Wayne , Wilkins‐Haug Louise E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveFetal aortic stenosis (AS) imposes pressure load on the developing left ventricle (LV) and leads to derangements in myocardial structure and function via mechanisms that are not well characterized.MethodsWe compared amniotic fluid NT‐BNP and troponin levels in fetuses with AS prior to fetal valvuloplasty and controls. We estimated correlations between NT‐BNP and fetal echo parameters and identify NT‐BNP cutoff associated with biventricular outcomeResultsMedian NT‐BNP level was higher in fetal AS than controls (3858 vs 1737 pg/mL, P < 0.012). By contrast, troponin levels were lower in fetal AS, with troponin > detectable in 0/25 (0%) AS cases compared with 22/85 (26%) controls (P = 0.03). Of 25 fetal AS cases, 12 (48%) had biventricular outcome. Fetuses with NT‐BNP < 910 pg/mL were more likely to have biventricular (OR =10) compared with those ≥910 pg/mL (P = 0.045). Higher NT‐BNP correlated with earlier gestational age and measures of larger left heart size.ConclusionNT‐BNP is elevated in fetal AS, suggesting that LV pressure load and increased wall stress lead to maladaptive stretch‐related myocardial remodeling. Troponin is normal in mid‐gestation fetal AS, suggesting that ischemia is not the primary factor in fetal response to LV pressure load.
Thermal and Rheological Properties of PGN, PNIMMO and P(GN/NIMMO) Synthesized via Mesylate Precursors
Authors: Dong Qingfeng , Li Houbin , Liu Xinghai , Huang Chi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGlycidyl nitrate and 3‐nitratomethyl‐3‐methyloxetane were synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution reaction using tetrabutylammonium nitrate as a solid‐liquid phase‐transfer catalyst, then poly(glycidyl nitrate) (PGN), poly(3‐nitratomethyl‐3‐methyloxetane) (PNIMMO) and poly(glycidyl nitrate‐r‐3‐nitratomethyl‐3‐methyloxetane) (P(GN/NIMMO)) were synthesized via cationic polymerization. The synthesized monomers and polymers were characterized by fourier transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. Thermal properties of polymers were characterized by differential scanning calorimeter and thermal gravimetric analyzer. The rheological properties of polymers were measured by rotational rheometer. The results indicated that PGN, PNIMMO and P(GN/NIMMO) had low Tg (−35.6 °C, −30.2 °C and −37.9 °C) and good thermal stability (exothermic peaks above 200 °C), the energy level of PGN (1461 J/g) was the highest comparing with the other two, and the zero‐shear viscosity of PGN and P(GN/NIMMO) was lower than that of PNIMMO.
Antibody side chain conformations are position‐dependent
Authors: Leem Jinwoo , Georges Guy , Shi Jiye , Deane Charlotte M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSide chain prediction is an integral component of computational antibody design and structure prediction. Current antibody modelling tools use backbone‐dependent rotamer libraries with conformations taken from general proteins. Here we present our antibody‐specific rotamer library, where rotamers are binned according to their immunogenetics (IMGT) position, rather than their local backbone geometry. We find that for some amino acid types at certain positions, only a restricted number of side chain conformations are ever observed. Using this information, we are able to reduce the breadth of the rotamer sampling space. Based on our rotamer library, we built a side chain predictor, position‐dependent antibody rotamer swapper (PEARS). On a blind test set of 95 antibody model structures, PEARS had the highest average χ1 and
accuracy (78.7% and 64.8%) compared to three leading backbone‐dependent side chain predictors. Our use of IMGT position, rather than backbone ϕ/ψ, meant that PEARS was more robust to errors in the backbone of the model structure. PEARS also achieved the lowest number of side chain–side chain clashes. PEARS is freely available as a web application at http://opig.stats.ox.ac.uk/webapps/pears.