bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a modified dredging elutriate testing approach to evaluate potential aquatic impacts associated with dredging a large freshwater industrial harbor
Authors: Watson-Leung Trudy , Graham Matt , Hartman Erin , Welsh Paul G 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Potential adverse impacts to the aquatic environment should be minimized whenever possible during an environmental dredging project by selecting realistic and technically feasible environmental targets. These targets need to balance short term impacts with the longer term benefit of removing contaminated sediments from the environment. Environmental dredging is part of the planned remediation of Randle Reef (a 60 hectare zone of mostly PAH-contaminated sediments) in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. In this study, we describe the results of dredging elutriate toxicity testing (DETE) to assess the potential risks from dredging this PAH contaminated site. A modified elutriate preparation method intended as an alternative measure of conditions within the dredging plume was assessed with both standard water column species (Daphnia magna and fathead minnow [Pimephales promelas]) and alternative benthic and epibenthic test organisms (Chironomus dilutus and Hyalella azteca). The standard DETE test was also conducted with H. azteca to compare with the modified DETE results. The greatest toxic response was seen in the alternative test species; however, the modified DETE method resulted in less toxicity than the standard protocol. The relationship between toxicity results and chemical and/or physical characteristics of the samples was examined, but differences in toxicity could only be explained by differences in the total suspended solids concentrations in the elutriate samples. Challenges associated with DETE assessment of PAH-contaminated sediments and the implications for establishing dredging benchmarks are discussed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:155–166. © 2016 SETAC

Key Points
We identify how the DRET and DETE methods were used and adapted to assess potential site-specific toxicity to organisms exposed to the plume generated by dredging of Hamilton Harbour. We found that numerical data provides the foundation but is not the only aspect when setting guidance for a dredging project. We discuss the value as well as sources of uncertainty in the use of DETE for the derivation of environmental benchmarks for dredging. PAH-contaminated sites pose unique challenges for sediment managers due to the heterogeneity and oily nature of the sediment, and toxicity cannot easily be related to chemical concentrations.
Rethinking the Writing Process: What Best‐Selling and Award‐Winning Authors Have to Say
Authors: Sampson Michael R. , Ortlieb Evan , Leung Cynthia B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIncreasing attention has been directed recently to literacy education as a means for disciplinary learning and career readiness. All the while, concepts of print have dramatically changed because the majority of reading and writing now occurs in digital formats. Therefore, it is an ideal time to investigate the complexities of the writing process to determine how current writers hone their skills and how pedagogical practices can reflect those elements of writing. To unearth ways in which students can develop the writing proficiencies necessary for academic and career success, this investigation set out to determine the writing processes and practices of prolific best‐selling and award‐winning authors. Using a questionnaire containing both open‐ended and multiple‐choice items, findings reveal that successful writers maintain degrees of plasticity in terms of how their story, content, and voice unfold. Their processes for writing are not only purposefully pragmatic and highly individualized but also do not always progress linearly through the five elements of the writing process. Recommendations are made to assist classroom teachers of writing in their pedagogical planning, instruction, and assessment.
Winner of the student award in the undergraduate category, 10th World Biomaterials Congress, May 17–22, 2016, Montreal QC, Canada: Evaluation of the tissue response to alginate encapsulated islets in an omentum pouch model
Authors: Ibarra Veronica , Appel Alyssa A. , Anastasio Mark A. , Opara Emmanuel C. , Brey Eric M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIslet transplantation is currently in clinical use as a treatment for type I diabetes, but donor shortages and long‐term immunosuppression limit broad application. Alginate microcapsules coated with poly‐l‐ornithine can be used to encapsulate islets in an environment that allows diffusion of glucose, insulin, nutrients, and waste products while inhibiting cells and antibodies. While clinical trials are ongoing using islets encapsulated in alginate microbeads, there are concerns in regards to long‐term stability. Evaluation of the local tissue response following implantation provides insight into the underlying mechanisms contributing to biomaterial failure, which can be used to the design of new material strategies. Macrophages play an important role in driving the response. In this study, the stability of alginate microbeads coated with PLO containing islets transplanted in the omentum pouch model was investigated. Biomaterial structure and the inflammatory response were characterized by X‐ray phase contrast (XPC) μCT imaging, histology, and immunostaining. XPC allowed evaluation of microbead 3D structure and identification of failed and stable microbeads. A robust inflammatory response characterized by high cell density and the presence of pro‐inflammatory macrophages was found around the failed grafts. The results obtained provide insight into the local tissue response and possible failure mechanisms for alginate microbeads. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1581–1590, 2016.
Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Australian Cane Toad Skins Suppress Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion in U937 Cells via NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zulfiker Abu Hasanat Md. , Hashimi Saeed M. , Qi Ji , Grice I. Darren , Wei Ming Q. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTToad skin extracts, such as aqueous extracts (AE) of Chinese toad skins, have demonstrated therapeutic benefits for a range of diseases including pain, inflammation, swelling, heart failure, and various types of cancers. In this study, we investigated the anti‐inflammatory potential of an AE (0.1–10 μg/mL) and a 60% ethanol extract (EE; 0.1–10 μg/mL) from Australian cane toad (Bufo marinus) skins and the known bioactive compound, bufotenine (BT; 0.1–10 nM). The assay employed a model of the human monocyte cell line U937 stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) for the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐6. We demonstrated that AE, EE, and BT significantly inhibited the release and expression of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in a dose‐dependent manner when the cells were pre‐treated at non‐cytotoxic concentrations. Further investigation revealed that the inhibition of TNF‐α and IL‐6 release and expression was associated with the suppression of nuclear factor (NF)‐kappa (κ)B activation. These results indicate that AE, EE, and BT are strong inflammation inhibitors, thus have the potential for further development as anti‐inflammatory therapeutic agents from a natural source regarded as a feral pest in Australia. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2769–2780, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi‐layered Youden Rectangles
Authors: Preece D. A. , Morgan J. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMulti‐layered Youden rectangles are introduced. These new designs include double and triple Youden rectangles as subdesigns. Though many double Youden rectangles are known, the triples, introduced in 1994, have to now yielded few nontrivial examples. Two infinite series of multi‐layered Youden rectangles are constructed, and so also many new triple Youden rectangles.
Importance of joint line preservation in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: Finite element analysis
Authors: Kwon Oh‐Ryong , Kang Kyoung‐Tak , Son Juhyun , Suh Dong‐Suk , Baek Changhyun , Koh Yong‐Gon 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTUnicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an effective surgical technique for pain relief and functional restoration in patients with localized osteoarthritis of the knee joint. However, the role of the joint line in UKA, especially its biomechanical effect, has not been previously investigated. This study numerically evaluates the effects of the joint line on the contact stresses in polyethylene (PE) inserts, articular cartilage, and lateral meniscus using the finite element (FE) analysis. The FE model for joint line was modeled as the orthogonal projection line from the medial tibial plateau to the anatomical axis. The joint line was varied from −6 to +6 mm in 2 mm intervals, and the seven FE models were analyzed and compared under ISO gait loading conditions. The contact stresses in the PE insert, articular cartilage, and lateral meniscus matched those of the reference joint line (0 mm) in the ±2 and ±4 mm joint line cases but significantly differed from the reference in the ±6 mm joint line cases. On the +6 mm joint line, the contact stress was greater on the PE insert than on the articular cartilage, whereas the reverse occurred on the −6 mm joint line. This study confirms the post‐operative significance of joint line preservation in UKA implantation surgery. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:347–352, 2017.
Crop yield and SOC responses to biochar application were dependent on soil texture and crop type in southern Quebec, Canada
Authors: Backer Rachel G. M. , Schwinghamer Timothy D. , Whalen Joann K. , Seguin Philippe , Smith Donald L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractChanges to soil nutrient availability and increases for crop yield and soil organic C (SOC) concentration on biochar‐amended soil under temperate climate conditions have only been reported in a few publications. The objective of this work was to determine if biochar application rates up to 20 Mg ha−1 affect nutrient availability in soil, SOC stocks and yield of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) on two coarse‐textured soils (loamy sand, sandy clay loam) in S Quebec, Canada. Data were collected from field experiments for a 3‐y period following application of pine wood biochar at rates of 0, 10, and 20 Mg ha−1. For corn plots, at harvest 3 y after biochar application, 20 Mg biochar ha−1 resulted in 41.2% lower soil NH
$ _4^+ $ on the loamy sand; the same effect was not present on the sandy clay loam soil. On the loamy sand, 20 Mg biochar ha−1 increased corn yields by 14.2% compared to the control 3 y after application; the same effect was not present on the sandy clay loam soil. Biochar did not alter yield or nutrient availability in soil on soybean or switchgrass plots on either soil type. After 3 y, SOC concentration was 83 and 258% greater after 10 and 20 Mg ha−1 biochar applications, respectively, than the control in sandy clay loam soil under switchgrass production. The same effect was not present on the sandy clay loam soil. A 67% higher SOC concentration was noted with biochar application at 20 Mg ha−1 to sandy clay loam soil under corn.
Effect of bone chars on phosphorus‐cadmium‐interactions as evaluated by three extraction procedures
Authors: Morshedizad Mohsen , Zimmer Dana , Leinweber Peter 
Published: May 2016

AbstractForeseen P shortage and contamination problems have stimulated the search for renewable and contaminant‐free P‐fertilizers and amendments that immobilize Cd. We investigated the P‐dissolution and Cd‐immobilizing effect of bone char (pyrolyzed de‐fatted bone chips; BC) and bone char with added reduced S compounds (BCplus). Five soils varying in pH and low to high Cd‐contamination were incubated with slow‐release P‐fertilizers (BC and BCplus) and the fast P‐release diammonium phosphate (DAP), and extracted with NH4NO3‐, NaHCO3‐solutions, and H2O. The P‐concentrations obtained by the three extractants were well correlated and NH4NO3 well suited to simultaneously assess the P‐ and Cd‐solubility. The addition of BC increased pH in all soils whereas BCplus and DAP lowered the pH in soils with pH > 5. Similar trends for NH4NO3‐P differences between treatments and control were observed for BC and BCplus during the incubation period, although BCplus resulted in much larger P‐concentrations. The highest Cd‐immobilization efficiency was obtained in BC‐treated soils. The addition of BCplus and DAP decreased the Cd‐concentrations until 34 d of incubation in all soils and remained effective in Cd‐immobilizing in soils that showed a pH raise over 145 d of incubation. Thus, the results indicate that surface modification of BC may promote the P‐dissolution along with a concomitant Cd‐immobilization largely through its pH‐effect but this must be confirmed in studies under non‐equilibrium conditions.
Audit of inpatient and outpatient paliperidone palmitate injection prescribing practices
Authors: Adewumi Adeleke D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundPaliperidone palmitate is marketed as a once‐monthly long‐acting antipsychotic injection and is expected to provide an avenue for long‐term control of symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Although marketed as once monthly medication, some medication references recommend a dosing interval of every 4 weeks for maintenance doses.Aim(a) To assess whether the prescribing/administration practices relating to the dosing and dosing interval of paliperidone palmitate are consistent with recommendations outlined in major medication references in Australia and (b) to assess the number of doses and any differences in costs associated with different dosing intervals.MethodA retrospective audit of doses of paliperidone palmitate administered in a regional mental health service in Queensland between 1 October 2011 and 30 October 2013.ResultsTwenty‐five of the twenty‐nine patients who had initiation doses prescribed for days 1 and 8 received the recommended initiation regimen. Sixteen percent of first monthly doses administered to patients were the recommended 75 mg strength; 60% of maintenance doses were administered ≤28 days after the previous dose, and 78% of patients studied for a year or more received at least 13 doses in 1 year, rather than 12 doses.ConclusionA dosing interval of every 4 weeks resulted in at least one extra injection per patient per year, with associated cost. There is a need for a consensus on the dosing interval of paliperidone palmitate so that there is consistency in the number of doses received per patient, per year.
Dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum dy‐1 fermented barley suppresses body weight gain in high‐fat diet‐induced obese rats
Authors: Zhang Jiayan , Xiao Xiang , Dong Ying , Xu Tian , Wu Fei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDCereal fermentations have shown significant potential in improvement and design of the nutritional quality and health effects of foods and ingredients. In the present study, the effect of supplementary Lactobacillus plantarum dy‐1 fermented barley (LFB) on obesity in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obese rats was investigated.RESULTSLFB treatment showed a lower rate of increase in body weight and percentage of body fat and a reversal of HFD‐induced glucose intolerance, with ameliorated hyperinsulinemia, decreased levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol, and inhibited concentration of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α. Moreover, LFB treatment also showed the strongest inhibition of nuclear factor (NF)‐kB activation and exhibited the greatest effects in blocking the degradation of the inhibitor of NF‐kB and inhibiting p38 and JNK1 phosphorylation compared with HFD and raw barley treatment.CONCLUSIONSIt was clear that Lactobacillus plantarum dy‐1 fermentation significantly improves the anti‐obesity properties of barley. The results establish the foundation for ameliorating diet‐induced obesity of product with LFB as nutritional supplements. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Laryngeal adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified: A population‐based perspective
Authors: Spinazzi Eleonora F. , Abboud Mohammad T. , Dubal Pariket M. , Verma Sunil P. , Park Richard Chan Woo , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: May 2016

Objectives/HypothesisLaryngeal adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (LAdC NOS) is a category to which variants of minor salivary gland tumors of the larynx that do not fit other well‐characterized histological subtypes are assigned. Its rare nature and inconsistency in available reports has hindered the investigation and further understanding of this malignancy. In this study, a national population‐based resource was used to evaluate the epidemiology and survival of this rare entity.Study DesignRetrospective population‐based analysis.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was searched for patients diagnosed with LAdC NOS between 1973 and 2012. Patient demographics, tumor location, TNM stage, grade, incidence, and survival trends were collected and analyzed.ResultsOne hundred eleven patients met criteria for diagnosis of LAdC NOS, of which the majority were male (80.2%), white (84.7%), with a mean age of 65 years. The supraglottis was the most common site at presentation (38.7%). The majority presented with grade II tumor (45.7%). TNM staging revealed T2 (36.8%), N0 (72.2%), and M0 (88.9%) to be the most common classification. The overall incidence between the years of 2000 and 2012 was 0.008/100,000 individuals. The overall 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) was 60.1%, compared to 85.7% in patients treated with combination surgery and radiotherapy.ConclusionsLAdC NOS is an uncommon malignancy. It most commonly affects men in their mid‐60s, indiscriminate of race. Lesions most commonly present in the supraglottis and are more often low grade histologically. DSS is highest in patient treated with combination surgery and radiotherapy.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2016 127:424–429, 2017
Preparation of Microscale Polymer Janus Particles by Sandwich Microcontact Printing
Authors: Seidel Philipp , Ravoo Bart Jan 
Published: May 2016

Sandwich microcontact printing provides a straightforward way to obtain Janus polymer particles by postfunctionalization. In this paper, the synthesis of poly(glycidylmethacrylate‐co‐divinylbenzene) [poly(GMA‐co‐DVB)] particles with a diameter below 3 μm by precipitation polymerization with narrow size distribution and GMA content up to 70% is presented. Infrared spectra show the increasing GMA content of the particles. Successful functionalization of Janus particles with A‐B, A‐B‐A, and A‐B‐C structure by sandwich microcontact printing is demonstrated by printing low‐molecular‐weight fluorescent inks such as dansylcadaverine and rhodamine onto the particles in well‐defined and homogeneous patches. Under optimized conditions, Janus particles with a diameter of 2 μm are accessible in a single printing step.
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Self‐Reported Barriers to Healthcare Access for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Rural and Northern Saskatchewan: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Nair B. V. , Schuler R. , Stewart S. , Taylor‐Gjevre R. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to identify potential barriers for access to medical and allied health services from the perspective of rural and Northern Saskatchewan rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsA total of 100 adults with established RA, residing in rural and Northern Saskatchewan, were recruited from two rheumatology practices. Structured interviews with standardized scripts solicited patient perspectives on appointment waiting times, travel required to access medical services and satisfaction with healthcare provision. Thematic analysis was employed for qualitative data.ResultsPatients‐reported concerns regarding waiting time for their first rheumatology appointment. There was reduced access to allied health professionals, with only 53% of the participants having seen a physiotherapist (PT), and only 26% an occupational therapist (OT). Patients had similar driving distances to their family physician, PT, pharmacy and laboratory services but commuted significantly further for rheumatologist and OT services. There were high levels of satisfaction with their rheumatologist and family physician appointments (8.96 and 8.04 on a ten‐point scale). Patients with longer travel times had higher satisfaction with their health care appointments: Patients who travelled one, two and more than two hours had satisfaction scores of 0.93, 0.88 and 1.32 points higher on a ten‐point scale (p < 0.03).ConclusionsAccess to medical services is a concern for this population. Patients were dissatisfied with the waiting time for their first specialist appointment and with decreased access to allied health professionals. Patients travelling longer distances were more satisfied with their health care provider's care, suggesting that good patient‐care giver relationships helped to ameliorate the difficulties of travelling to their appointments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probabilistic analyses of soil consolidation by prefabricated vertical drains for single‐drain and multi‐drain systems
Authors: Bari Mohammad Wasiul , Shahin Mohamed A. , Soubra Abdul‐Hamid 
Published: May 2016

SummaryNatural soils are one of the most inherently variables in the ground. Although the significance of inherent soil variability in relation to reliable predictions of consolidation rates of soil deposits has long been realized, there have been few studies that addressed the issue of soil variability for the problem of ground improvement by prefabricated vertical drains. Despite showing valuable insights into the impact of soil spatial variability on soil consolidation by prefabricated vertical drains, available stochastic works on this subject are based on a single‐drain (or unit cell) analyses. However, how the idealized unit cell solution can be a supplement to the complex multi‐drain systems for spatially variable soils has never been addressed in the literature. In this study, a rigorous stochastic finite elements modeling approach that allows the true nature of soil spatial variability to be considered in a reliable and quantifiable manner, both for the single‐drain and multi‐drain systems, is presented. The feasibility of performing an analysis based on the unit cell concept as compared with the multi‐drain analysis is assessed in a probabilistic context. It is shown that with proper input statistics representative of a particular domain of interest, both the single‐drain and multi‐drain analyses yield almost identical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.