bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Income on Shopping Behavior of Residents and Feasibility of Neighborhood Shops: A Study of Selected South Delhi Localities
Authors: Mazumdar Gargi Kar 
Published: June 2017

<div><p><em>Metro cities of India are going through rapid phase of socio-economic development accompanied with changing standards of living and a rise in purchasing power of population. This increasing expenditure pattern calls for increase in business and commercial outlets in the cities. This is more so noticeable in NCT of Delhi where due to limited availability of urban land for multi functional land use, both planned and unplanned commercial areas are emerging fast to cater to the needs and demands of local population. However, the impact of income as well as other socio-economic factors play an important role in defining the spatial pattern of movement of shoppers which in a way define the survival of neighborhood (both planned and unplanned) shopping centers/ shops. The aim of this research paper is to understand the impact of income in defining the spatial pattern of shopping behavior of the consumer in patronizing the neighborhood shops or markets for various food and non food items. Thus, the present study focuses primarily on identification of shopping patterns / behavior of residents of selected localities in South Delhi<strong>. </strong>This study is conducted over two economic categories of localities: lower and middle income category locality consisting of areas like Gobind Puri, Gobind Puri Extension and Kalkaji DDA Flat localities; and upper middle and higher income locality consisting of areas like C.R.Park, Kalkaji Main area (excluding DDA LIG, Janta, Slum category flats) and Alakananda. The rationale behind the selection of these two separate socio- economic areas for the survey is to analyze the inter locality and intra locality comparison of shopping behavior of various income class of population.</em><em> </em></p></div><em>The findings of the study favors the feasibility of the local shops in the surveyed localities, since nearness to the market and ease of shopping has encouraged the survival of the local shops/ markets operating in the residential colonies especially for food items. However apart from income levels, standard of living is also influencing the shoppers behavior and growing trend of shopping from Malls and Plazas is also noticed showing changing preference of shoppers for well established market areas than local shops especially for non food items. Through GIS based mapping, the movement of shoppers for both food and non food items is traced and specific suggestion are given regarding the changing land use under commercial activities in the survey areas. Area specific suggestions are given in the light of Master Plan of Delhi 2021.</em>
Evaluating Indian Steel Industry’s Trade Competitiveness Based on RCA Index
Authors: Pervej Mohammed , Anjum Neshat 
Published: June 2017

<div><p><em>Steel is one of the most important pillars to the Infrastructural development of any nation. The rate of production and consumption of steel is treated as an important index of the level of socioeconomic development and standard of living of the people in any country. India stands at the 3rd position as a producer of crude steel in the world and this Industry is an important Foreign exchange Contributor to the economy. Since Iron and steel products are Imported and Exported liberally as per the existing policy and therefore it becomes necessary to analyse and evaluate the export potentials and competitiveness of the Indian Iron and steel industry in relation to the steel exports of the world as a whole. This study analyses the competitiveness and the pattern of trade flows/trade specialisation from India to world, particularly for Iron and Steel industry. Our research is mainly based on the measures of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) measures or Balassa Index.</em></p></div>
Removal of Organic Matter and Etodolac from Pharmaceutical Industry Wastewater by PAC Adsorption
Authors: Vergili Ilda , Gencdal Sezin 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT: The removal of organic matter and etodolac (an anti‐inflammatory pharmaceutical) from a real process wastewater by using powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption before and after Fenton oxidation has been studied. The wastewater sample is collected from the final stage of chemical synthesis of a pharmaceutical (etodolac). Fenton oxidation resulted with decrease in chemical oxygen demand (84% removal) and etodolac concentration was reduced to 0.7 mg L−1. Optimum adsorption equilibrium conditions were found as t = 16 hours, and m = 10 g L−1. The Freundlich model showed the best fit for the adsorption of both wastewater with R2 values of 0.89 and 0.99. Lower pseudo‐second‐order rate constant (k2) (0.067 < 2.62) obtained from the adsorption of raw wastewater with higher organic matter concentration confirms the chemisorption of the adsorbates onto the PAC. Pore surface mass diffusion with R2 value of 0.92 was found as rate‐controlling step for adsorption process with Fenton pre‐treated wastewater.
Histological Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Size 10 Nm in Mice Testes
Authors: Abdulla Imad T. 
Published: June 2017

In the present study, the histological effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TDN) on testicular tissue of mature Mus musculus mice was investigated. The animals were divided into six groups, control group treated with TDN free saline and five groups treated with TDN as follow 5, 10, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg B.W. The results showed that TDN has histological effects on testicular tissue like sever congestion, mild edema between seminiferous tubules (STs) and decrease the thickness of germinal epithelium at low concentrations, While, the histological changes at high concentrations involved disturbance in STs diameters, sever edema between STs, sever vaculation in the germinal epithelium and necrosis in spermatogonia, germinal epithelium and Sertoli cells.
On the Origin of the Hard X-Ray Excess of High-Synchrotron-Peaked BL Lac Object Mrk 421
Authors: Chen Liang 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
For the first time, Kataoka & Stawarz reported a clear detection of a hard X-ray excess, above

, in the high-synchrotron-peaked BL Lac object Mrk 421. We find that this feature may not be produced by the low-energy part of the same electron population that produced the Fermi/LAT γ-ray. Because of that, it is required that the power-law electron energy go down to

, which predicts a very strong radio emission (radio flux larger than the observed), even considering the synchrotron self-absorption effect. We investigate the possibility of this excess being produced from the spine/layer jet structure, which has been clearly detected in Mrk 421. We find that (1) similar to one-zone modeling, the spine emissions provide good modeling of the broadband spectral energy distribution, except for the hard X-ray excess; and (2) the hard X-ray excess can be well represented by the synchrotron photons (from the layer) being inverse Compton scattered by the spine electrons.
On a Singular Integral of Christ–Journé Type with Homogeneous Kernel
Authors: Ding Yong , Lai Xudong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we prove that the singular integral defined byis bounded on Lp() for 1 < p < ∞ and is of weak type (1,1), where Ω ∈ L log+ L() and , with a ∈ L∞() satisfying some restricted conditions.
Nouvelles stratégies d’innovations vaccinales et leurs application en médecine vétérinaire
Authors: Charreyre Catherine , Audonnet Jean-Christophe Francis 
Published: June 2017

New strategies for innovative vaccination and their applications in veterinary medecine.
For the last 100 years, vaccination has had a tremendous positive impact on the health of humans and animals. Looking at the recent advances in our understanding of immunological mechanisms, and taking into account the possibility to combine several different solutions, we will see how vaccine antigens can be optimally presented to the immune system. We will describe how to better trigger and stimulate the immune defenses in the host, using new formulations or different strategies for the route and schedule of administration of vaccination programs. We will examine whether possible applications could be implemented in veterinary medicine, and how the veterinarian in the twentyfirst century should be the central figure at the heart of the “ One Health” network.
Aethina tumida, ou petit coléoptère de la ruche : nouveau danger « parasite » de la colonie
Authors: Boucher Samuel 
Published: June 2017

Aethina tumida or small hive beetle : a new danger “parasite” of the bee colony.
Known since the end of the 19th century, the small hive beetle Aethina tumida, originating from Africa, was not present on the European territory before 2004. As of September 2014, it arrived in Italy, in the region of Calabria and in Sicily. He would have arrived on Mauritius now. The predatory parasite creates damage in the hive, spoils the colony, leaving little chance of survival, but does not attack the adult bees themselves. The insect destroys the frames, eats the eggs of the bees, the honey, the waxes, the bread of bees. It damages cells that see their honey flow and ferment. It does not cause disease. The parasite can perform, depending on the environmental conditions, from 1 to 6 cycles per year. Regular visual observation of the hive and its contents makes it possible to detect or suspect the parasite. A detection technique using corrugated plastic traps exists. The beetles, fleeing light and the bees, take refuge there. In case of detection, suspicious samples should be sent by the veterinarian to the national reference laboratory to confirm the diagnosis. In case of contamination, the entire apiary must be destroyed by burning hives and frames after spraying an insecticide in all the hives. The area containing the hives must be cleared of small beetle larvae. The soil that shelters the larvae undergoes a mechanical and chemical treatment. In countries already contaminated, there are means of control to reduce the population of pests in the hive (traps, predators ...).
Better Minds, Better Morals: A Procedural Guide to Better Judgment
Authors: Schaefer G. Owen , Savulescu Julian 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Making more moral decisions—an uncontroversial goal, if ever there was one. But how are we to go about it? In this article, we offer a practical guide on ways to promote good judgment in our personal and professional lives. We do this not by outlining what the good life consists in or which values we should accept. We must all decide for ourselves what is good and bad, right and wrong. Rather, we offer a theory of procedural reliability: a set of dimensions of thought that are generally conducive to good moral reasoning. The best way to ensure that we make the right choices is to ensure that the procedures we are employing are sound and reliable. We identify four broad categories of judgment to be targeted—cognitive, self-management, motivational, and interpersonal. Specific factors within each category are further delineated, with a total of fourteen factors to be discussed. For each, we will go through the reasons it generally leads to more morally reliable decision making, how various thinkers have historically addressed the topic, and the insights of recent research that can offer new ways to promote good reasoning. The result is a wide-ranging survey that contains practical advice on how to make better choices. Finally, we relate this to the project of transhumanism and prudential decision making. We argue that transhumans will employ better moral procedures. We also argue that the same virtues will enable us to take better control of our own lives, enhancing our responsibility and enabling us to lead better lives from a prudential perspective.
Desarrollo Sostenible: Concepto y Evolución del Paradigma
Authors: Ambrogui Román Rosario 
Published: June 2017

El Eco desarrollo es el nuevo paradigma que apunta hacia la sostenibilidad económica, social y ambiental que permita satisfacer las necesidades presentes y futuras, este nuevo concepto paso por un proceso de evolución hasta llegar al concepto integral como nueva forma de desarrollo, en Nicaragua se ha retomado esta conceptualización y se ha incluido como la base de los planes de desarrollo de país, se ha hecho el esfuerzo de construir un marco legal para institucionalizar la estrategia de sostenibilidad, se ha intentado valorar económicamente los servicios eco sistémicos para crear un flujo de cuantificación monetaria que permita la reproducción de los mismos, pero falta todavía dar el salto en la incorporación de esta nueva forma de capital : El capital natural, en la estructura económica del país, de visualizar las interrelaciones de él con todas las otras formas de capital y determinar los stock y flujos de los recurso naturales dentro de la dinámica económica, social y ambiental.
Epistemología y metodología, una reflexión sobre Unidad, División, Tecnología y Conocimiento
Authors: López Mario Ramón 
Published: June 2017

El ensayo reflexiona sobre epistemología y metodología en las ciencias económicas, abordando los conceptos de ciencia, orden división tecnología y conocimiento. Se ha utilizado la investigación documental para la construcción del ensayo y la reflexión crítica. De dicha reflexión surge el reconocimiento que la relación entre conceptos desde la epistemología de las ciencias económicas es un terreno vivo no libre de sesgos. Se concluye brevemente que las ideas conceptos y epístemas permean en los sistemas de universitarios cuando los marcos conceptuales son lineales y estrechos y se limitan considerar la tecnología igual al término técnica sin tomar en cuenta el rol del conocimiento y la organización y sin considerar que la tecnología esta imbuida o incrustada en los productos. Este modo de pensar y arraigo se manifiesta en los procesos de educación y aprendizaje con el uso de un paradigma que segmenta, crea la ilusión de división y resquebraja la unidad entre sujeto y objeto. Esto es así por el desarrollo epistemológica de las ciencias económicas al separar objeto del sujeto, al ver la tecnología como algo dado.
Electrochemical Determination of Brilliant Blue and Tartrazine Based on an Ionic Liquid-Modified Expanded Graphite Paste Electrode
Authors: Wang Wenchang , Chen Ye , Zhang Jing , Wang Xue , Chen Zhidong 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A sensitive electrochemical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Brilliant Blue (BB) and tartrazine (Tz) using an ionic liquid-modified expanded graphite paste electrode (IL-EGPE). The IL-EGPE was prepared by mixing ionic liquid-expanded graphite composite (IL-EG) with solid paraffin. Compared with the EGPE, the IL-EGPE remarkably enhanced the electrocatalytic oxidation signals of BB and Tz. Under optimal experimental conditions, the designed IL-EGPE exhibited wide linear responses to BB and Tz ranging from 5.0 × 10–9 to 4.0 × 10–6 M and 1.0 × 10–8 to 1.0 × 10–6 M, respectively. The detection limits for BB and Tz were 2.0 × 10–9 M (1.6 ng/mL) and 3.3 × 10–9 M (1.8 ng/mL) at an S/N of 3, respectively. This electrode showed good reproducibility, stability, and reusability. The proposed method was successfully applied in the simultaneous determination of BB and Tz in a soft drink with satisfactory results.
Evaluation of the 3M™ Petrifilm™ Rapid Yeast and Mold Count Plate for the Enumeration of Yeast and Mold in Food: Collaborative Study, First Action 2014.05
Authors: Bird Patrick , Flannery Jonathan , Crowley Erin , Agin James , Goins David , Jechorek Robert 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The 3M™ Petrifilm™ Rapid Yeast and Mold (RYM) Count Plate is a simple, ready-to-use chromogenic culture method for the rapid detection and enumeration of yeast and mold in food products. The 3M Petrifilm RYM Count Plate method was compared to the U. S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA BAM) Chapter 18, Yeasts, Molds and Mycotoxins and the ISO 21527:2008 Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs—Horizontal Method for the Enumeration for Yeast and Molds – Part 1: Colony Count Technique in Products with Water Activity Greater Than 0.95 and Part 2: Colony Count Technique in Products with Water Activity Less Than or Equal to 0.95 reference methods for raw almonds and raw frozen ground beef patties (77% lean). The 3M Petrifilm RYM Count Plate method was evaluated using a paired study design in a multi-laboratory collaborative study following the current AOAC Validation Guidelines. Three target contamination levels (low, 10–100 CFU/g; medium, 100–1000 CFU/g; high 1000–10 000 CFU/g) as well as an uninoculated control level (0 CFU/g) were evaluated for each matrix. Samples evaluated by the 3M Petrifilm RYM Count Plate method were prepared in duplicate and incubated at both 25°C and 28°C. Plates at both temperatures were enumerated after 48 and 60 h of incubation. No significant difference was observed between the 3M Petrifilm RYM Count Plate method and the FDA BAM or ISO 21527 reference methods for each contamination level. No statistical differences were observed between samples analyzed by the 3M Petrifilm RYM Count Plate method (at either 25°C or 28°C) and the reference methods. No statistical significant differences were observed between enumeration of colonies at 48 and 60 h on the 3M Petrifilm RYM Count Plate method and the reference methods.
ESTIMATION OF INTERRELATION BETWEEN STRUCTURE OF SOME NITROGEN-CONTAINING ALKYLARYL-SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS AND THEIR REACTIVITY AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Babaev Elbay R. 
Published: June 2017

The paper describes the results of the research of some N-containing 2,6-di-a-methylbenzylphenols as antioxidants, antimicrobial and antiwear additives to the lubricating oils. In the model reactions of oxidation of hydrocarbons it has been earlier shown the efficiency of some nitrogen-containing derivatives of α-methylbenzyl-substituted phenols. As it can be seen from the results of research of mechanism of inhibiting action of three 4-N-substituted aminomethyl-2,6-di-α-methylbenzylphenols they have approximate antiradical efficiency, К7=6-6.5.104 l/mol×s (60 °С), exceeding К7 of ionol (2.2·104 l/mol×s). The stoichiometric inhibition coefficients are f=2-2.6. 2,6-di-α-methylbenzyl-4-diethylaminomethylphenol has the highest reactivity and high catalytic factor. The same conclusion can be drawn from the results of quantum chemical calculations. To confirm the found regularities, they were tested in lubricating oils as antioxidants. Antimicrobial properties of the investigated compounds were studied in the composition of vaseline oil. The synthesized aminomethyl derivatives of 2,6-di-α-methylbenzylphenol at a concentration of 0.5-1% ensure the stability of the vaseline oil to biodeterioration, show antimicrobial, more antifungal activity. These compounds show better efficiency than the biocide used in practice - sodium pentachlorophenolate. The lubricating properties of the test compounds were evaluated by the wear spot diameter (Dw) on Four-Ball Wear Test Machine in accordance with RF State Standard 9490-75. Investigations of antiwear properties have shown that these compounds, along with antioxidant properties, have also lubricating properties. They are better than the known additive for the similar purpose - tricresyl phosphate in anti-wear efficiency. The analysis of interrelations of kinetic indicators (rate constant, stoichiometric coefficients), obtained in the model reactions of inhibition of hydrocarbons oxidation with quantum chemical parameters of inhibitors molecular structure (enthalpy, electron population, dipole moment) antioxidant and anti microbial properties of compounds in vaseline oil has been conducted..For citation:Babaev E.R. Estimation of interrelation between structure of some nitrogen-containing alkylaryl-substituted phenols and their reactivity and functional properties. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 5. P. 51-56
Acceptability of woman‐delivered HIV self‐testing to the male partner, and additional interventions: a qualitative study of antenatal care participants in Malawi
Authors: Choko Augustine Talumba , Kumwenda Moses Kelly , Johnson Cheryl Case , Sakala Doreen Wongera , Chikalipo Maria Chifuniro , Fielding Katherine , Chikovore Jeremiah , Desmond Nicola , Corbett Elizabeth Lucy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroduction: In the era of ambitious HIV targets, novel HIV testing models are required for hard‐to‐reach groups such as men, who remain underserved by existing services. Pregnancy presents a unique opportunity for partners to test for HIV, as many pregnant women will attend antenatal care (ANC). We describe the views of pregnant women and their male partners on HIV self‐test kits that are woman‐delivered, alone or with an additional intervention.Methods: A formative qualitative study to inform the design of a multi‐arm multi‐stage cluster‐randomized trial, comprised of six focus group discussions and 20 in‐depth interviews, was conducted. ANC attendees were purposively sampled on the day of initial clinic visit, while men were recruited after obtaining their contact information from their female partners. Data were analysed using content analysis, and our interpretation is hypothetical as participants were not offered self‐test kits.Results: Providing HIV self‐test kits to pregnant women to deliver to their male partners was highly acceptable to both women and men. Men preferred this approach compared with standard facility‐based testing, as self‐testing fits into their lifestyles which were characterized by extreme day‐to‐day economic pressures, including the need to raise money for food for their household daily. Men and women emphasized the need for careful communication before and after collection of the self‐test kits in order to minimize the potential for intimate partner violence although physical violence was perceived as less likely to occur. Most men stated a preference to first self‐test alone, followed by testing as a couple. Regarding interventions for optimizing linkage following self‐testing, both men and women felt that a fixed financial incentive of approximately USD$2 would increase linkage. However, there were concerns that financial incentives of greater value may lead to multiple pregnancies and lack of child spacing. In this low‐income setting, a lottery incentive was considered overly disappointing for those who receive nothing. Phone call reminders were preferred to short messaging service.Conclusions: Woman‐delivered HIV self‐testing through ANC was acceptable to pregnant women and their male partners. Feedback on additional linkage enablers will be used to alter pre‐planned trial arms.