bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emphysematous Pyelonephritis: Nephrectomy is not necessary, a narrative review
Authors: Kumar Manjeet , Sharma Sanjeev , Tanwar Digvijay Singh , Barwal Kailash Chander , Sharma Girish Kumar , Raina Pamposh 
Published: September 2024

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a severe, life-endangering, necrotising, gas-producing infection affecting the kidney and perinephric tissue. It is associated with renal loss, high morbidity, and mortality. Diabetes, obstructive uropathy, female gender and hypertension are the most common risk factors. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis are the most common pathogens causing Emphysematous pyelonephritis. EPN presents as a clinical triad of fever, flank pain, and nausea. Non-contrast CT scan is the mainstay of early diagnosis of EPN. It is diagnosed by demonstrating gas in renal parenchyma and perinephric tissue. Huang and Sang's classification is used for the classification and management of EPN. Treatment of EPN progressed from early nephrectomy to minimally invasive treatments including newer and advanced antibiotics and percutaneous drainage along with Percutaneous nephrostomy and DJ stenting. Early nephrectomy was the treatment of choice in the last century however newer studies suggest conservative treatment is associated with renal preservation, decreased morbidity and mortality. The initial use of broad-spectrum antibiotics such as Third-or fourth generation cephalosporins and carbapenems is recommended. Emergency drainage is indicated with a larger-sized pigtail catheter as pus is thick and frequent blockage of tubes is common. Nephrectomy should be done for those patients who fail to respond to conservative therapy i.e., antibiotics and percutaneous drainage. This review aims to provide comprehensive, evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of this life-threatening urological infection Emphysematous pyelonephritis.
Keywords: Emphysematous pyelonephritis, Diabetes, Antibiotics, Conservative, Percutaneous drainage, Nephrectomy
Investigation of effect of complexing agent and processing method on solubility of Efonidipine
Authors: Rao Monica R P , Narale Vaibhav , Patil Prerana 
Published: September 2024

Nanosponges are versatile carriers due to their exceptional capability to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, taste masking and enhancement of stability. This study investigates potential of nanosponges, prepared by crosslinking β-cyclodextrin with diphenyl carbonate in 1:4 ratio for enhancing solubility of Efonidipine. Nanosponges were characterized in terms of particle size. Phase solubility studies and solution state interaction studies were employed to understand the nature and strength of drug: nanosponge complexation. Complexes were prepared by kneading method and spray drying. Saturation solubility, in vitro dissolution studies and molecular modeling studies were performed. Complexes were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy, X ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy. Phase solubility studies revealed 1:2 complexation between drug and carriers. Saturation solubility studies showed significant solubility increase with both beta CD and nanosponges. The increase was higher in case of spray dried complexes in all media. An 18 fold increase was observed in case of spray dried complexes in distilled water. DSC and PXRD confirmed amorphization of drug in the complexes. Thus solubility enhancement of EFD could be attributed to complexation and amorphization. Molecular modeling studies revealed the mode of entrapment of efonidipine in the carriers. In conclusion the versatility of nanosponges in encapsulating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug molecules holds immense promise for personalized medicine and targeted therapy, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes. Moreover, the study introduces the efficacy of spray drying as a scalable and practical approach to maximize the solubility-enhancing benefits of nanosponges. This research highlights the potential of nanosponges to overcome a fundamental challenge in pharmaceuticals, opening new avenues for drug delivery and therapeutic advancement.
Keywords: Nanosponges, β -cyclodextrin, inclusion complexes, solubility enhancement, molecular modelling
EFFECT OF INTERMAXILLARY FIXATION ON BIOCHEMICAL AND BLOOD MARKERS IN A SAMPLE OF YEMENI ADULTS
Authors: Homaid Waleed Abdullah Hossin Ahmed , Nasher Akram Thabet , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab , Ahmed Saleem Taher Ali , Mabkhout Ahmed Nasser Ali , Khalid Basheer Saeed Mohammed , Al-Ankoshy Azhar Azher Mohammed 
Published: September 2024

Background: Intermaxillary fixation is a technique that is used in the treatment of jaw fractures, orthognathic surgery, temporomandibular joint disorders, and occasionally morbid obesity. However, it disrupts normal nutrition, leading to weakened immunity, impaired healing, and higher complication risks, negatively impacting treatment outcomes and patient recovery. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the physiological changes in a sample of Yemeni patients following four weeks of IMF treatment.
Materials and Methods: A study involving ten Yemeni adults underwent intermaxillary fixation for mandibular fractures. Parameters like body weight, lipid profile, liver function tests, kidney function tests, electrolytes, and hemoglobin levels were analyzed before and after treatment at a central blood bank.
Results: The majority of patients were male (80.0%) and aged between 25 and 35 years, and the majority had a unilateral mandibular body fracture (50%). Clinical results after 4 weeks of intermaxillary fixation demonstrated significant reductions in body weight (4.2 kg) and BMI (1.0 kg/m2). post-IMF application, lipid profile analysis showed non-significant changes in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein levels, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides (p>0.05), liver function tests exhibited significant decreases in AST (7.7 µ/l, p=0.044), kidney function tests and electrolyte analysis revealed non-significant changes, and there were significant reductions in T.WBC (2.48 x 10⁹/L) and neutrophils (19.5%) after IMF (p=0.007).
Conclusions: Intermaxillary fixation in Yemeni adults leads to weight loss and changes in liver and blood parameters, indicating its systemic effects. These findings highlight the importance of nutritional support and close monitoring during IMF treatment to mitigate malnutrition risks and optimize healing outcomes.

Peer Review History:
Received 21 May 2024; Reviewed 15 July 2024; Accepted 25 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, maafayed@gmail.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Abdulwahab Ismail Al-kholani, Dean of Faculty of Dentistry at 21 September University, Yemen. prof_khholani@yahoo.com
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
THE IMPACT OF DRUG COST ON MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN NIGERIA: A PERCEPTION AMONG PHARMACISTS
Authors: Amaechi Victor Chikaodiri , Ugboma Evaristus Jideofor , Asumah Onyeka Milicent , Usman Fadilulahi Ayokunle , Nwiyi Chimaobi Jude , Urom-Ndubuisi Chiagozie Urom , Igwe Chibuike Solomon , Obi Doris Mesomachukwu , Okunade John Olusegun , Okon Deborah 
Published: September 2024

Background: Given Nigeria's huge economic instability, medication expenses may significantly impact medication adherence, creating a barrier to the treatment of various ailments. The study aimed to assess pharmacists' perceptions about the impact of drug costs on medication adherence in Nigeria.
Methods: The study was cross-sectional among practicing pharmacists across Nigeria. The 25 items semi-structured questionnaire was administered online using simple random sampling with the snowballing technique to recruit the pharmacists for the study. The collected data was coded into Microsoft Excel 2016 and subsequently analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize the data, providing an overview of the demographic characteristics and key findings. Inferential statistics, specifically Pearson’s Chi-square test, were employed where applicable to determine the relationships between variables.
Results: Total 161 pharmacists responded to the survey, giving an 80.5% response rate. The respondent rate was mainly young pharmacists (20–30 years old; 82.6%) and predominantly male (51.6%). Almost all the respondents possess only a bachelor of pharmacy degree (91.9%). Total 90% have practiced for 5 years or less, mostly in community settings (60.9%). Generic substitution has been cited as the most important technique to manage drug costs. Non-adherence due to cost was associated with practice settings, whereas adherence counseling was correlated with gender and setting of practice. All differences were not statistically significant at p<0.05.
Conclusions: Most participants believe that the cost of medication is a major barrier to accessing quality healthcare and drives massive non-adherence among those who can barely afford the medicines. Implementing a comprehensive national strategy to enhance the healthcare system, expand the reach of the national health insurance program, and promote cooperation among healthcare practitioners will result in improved clinical outcomes for patients.

Peer Review History:
Received 22 May 2024; Revised 11 July 2024; Accepted 26 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
IN VITRO EFFICACY OF VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS EXTRACTS AGAINST TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS: A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH
Authors: Özbilgin Ahmet , Çavuş İbrahim , Tunalı Varol , Özel Yener , Alagöz Çağla Yıldız , Kayalar Hüsniye 
Published: September 2024

Aim and objectives: Trichomonas vaginalis is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection globally. The current treatment, 5-nitroimidazole derivatives has raised concerns as a result of drug reliance, allergies, and drug resistance, driving efforts to identify alternative therapies. The Vitex species recognized for their pharmacological attributes including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties are promising candidates for further investigation.
Methods: In this study, the potential of Vitex agnus-castus extracts against T. vaginalis was explored. The water, ethanol, and 60% aqueous ethanol extracts from both leaves and fruits were examined for their effects on metronidazole (MET)-resistant (TV 50143) and sensitive strains (TV-78). Cytotoxicity was evaluated on L929 mouse fibroblast cells to determine the minimum lethal dose for each extract under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Results: Antitrichomonial activity, cytotoxic activity and Selectivity Index (SI) values revealed distinct efficacy profiles. Leaf water extract displayed a balanced selectivity profile, while leaf 60% ethanol extract showed moderate to high selectivity. The fruit 60% ethanol extract exhibited significantly elevated selectivity with SI values of 2 and 1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively, for the MET-sensitive reference strain, and 3 and 5, respectively, for the MET-resistant reference strain.
Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential of the fruit 60% ethanol extract as a promising candidate for future drug development. Further investigations into its mechanisms and optimization are warranted to enhance its efficacy against T. vaginalis.

Peer Review History:
Received 13 May 2024; Reviewed 15 July 2024; Accepted 21 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, amanyalboghdadly@gmail.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, alialkaf21@gmail.com
Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, maafayed@gmail.com
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, sangeetha@utar.edu.my
HEPATITIS C VIRUS AND LEUKEMIA PATIENTS: PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTION AMONG LEUKEMIA PATIENTS WHO ACHIEVE LONG-TERM REMISSION AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: El-Zine Monya Abdullah Yahya , Dawood Yusra Ahmed Saleh , Ali Maged Ali Amer , Al-Moyed Khaled Abdulkarim , Al-gunaid Eshrak Adulmalik , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab , Al-Haddad Ahmed Mohammed , Al-Ankoshy Azhar Azher Mohammed 
Published: September 2024

Aim and objective: Leukemia patients are at elevated risk of hepatitis C virus infections, with anti-HCV prevalence ranging from 4.3% to 70% post-chemotherapy remission. Long-term leukemia survivors' natural histories are unclear. We measured anti-HCV antibodies to investigate the frequency of HCV infections and the associated odds factors of contracting HCV among leukemia patients who achieved long-term remissions after chemotherapy.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study, comprising leukemia patients at the oncology center at Kuwait Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen. It included people with leukemia of different ages and genders. Data was collected through a standard questionnaire prepared for this study, which includes clinical symptoms, risk factors, demographic data, and the results of diagnostic tests. Antibody tests for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) were done by ELISA.
Results: The majority of patients with HCV are male, with a mean age of 12.8 years. The prevalence is 5.5%, with males having a higher prevalence. Most patients receive blood transfusions more than twice, with major blood banks, Al-Kuwait hospitals, and private hospitals being the primary sources. AML and ALL are the two most common leukemias. Male patients have a higher risk, and those over 15 years old have a higher risk.
Conclusions: This study is the first in Yemen to investigate the prevalence of HCV infections in patients with leukemia. According to our research, leukemia patients had a greater prevalence of HCV than the general population's national prevalence. However, health care workers (HCWs) and patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients have prevalence's of HCV that are comparable.

Peer Review History:
Received 14 May 2024; Reviewed 13 July 2024; Accepted 22 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, toyinpharm@gmail.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, tamer_hassan@pharm.suez.edu.eg
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS ON THE DEACETYLATION PROCESS OF CHITOSAN CHARACTERISTICS FROM MUD CRAB (SCYLLA SERRATA) SHELL WASTE
Authors: Hasriani  , Olii AudiaTriani , Najib Ahmad 
Published: September 2024

Aim and objective: The aim of this study was to determine the yield value, moisturization, ash, and degree of deacetylation by the variations in deacetylation temperature effect on the quality of chitosan.
Methods: In the synthesis process of chitosan, the first step was demineralization, followed by deproteinization. Afterward, the deacetylation process synthesized the material with temperature variations of 80, 100, and 120ºC. Furthermore, it was characterized by moisture, ash content, and degree of deacetylation. The last step was the Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrophotometer (FT-IR) to determine the complete chitosan synthesis.
Results: The results of this study showed that the chitosan yield and water content met the requirements of the quality standards of chitosan. The values obtained were high, which was affected by the temperature. However, the ash content and degree of deacetylation did not meet the requirements of chitosan quality standards. FTIR data showed that the -OH functional group, a -NH group, and no -C=O group from the amide group were found to have characteristics of chitosan formation. Conclusion: Mud crab shell waste is a potent raw material for making chitosan. The study also reported that the production of chitosan from mud crab shell waste is affected by temperature.

Peer Review History:
Received 19 May 2024; Reviewed 24 July 2024; Accepted 27 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Hüsniye Kayalar, Ege University, Turkey, husniyekayalar@gmail.com
Prof. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, alialkaf21@gmail.com
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF ROOT BARK METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BOSWELLIA DALZIELII IN ALBINO MICE
Authors: Vedekoi Jeweldai , Dadaya Elizé , Juliette Koubé , Sélestin Sokeng Dongmo 
Published: September 2024

Background and objective: Boswellia dalzielii has been traditionally used in the Far North region (Cameroon) to treat fever, rheumatism, asthma and various inﬂammatory conditions. This investigation was designed to determine the anti-edematous and antioxidant properties to confirm its storied claims.
Methods: The DPPH radical scavenging and reduced Fe3+to the Fe2+ assays were two methods used to evaluate the antioxidant activities. The swelling caused by carrageenan paw and xylene ear edema to cause inflammation were applied to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of the extract. The mechanisms of action of the methanol extract were evaluated in the serotonin test. Fever induced by yeast was exploited to value antipyretic activity in albinos animals. Diclofenac, ascorbic acid, and paracetamol were utilized as standard medicaments.
Results: Results published the existence of cardiac glycosides, flavonoid, simple phenols, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins and alkaloids. The results indicated also no acute toxicity and the LD50 was above 3000 mg/kg. The methanolic extract exhibited the best activity IC50 (178.12 µg/mL) against DPPH radical with, which was comparable with ascorbic acid (179.12 µg/mL) and a strong reducing power with an IC50 of about 147.85 µg /mL. In addition, the roots extract of B. dalzielii significantly inhibited (p<0.001) the volume of paw edema, ear edema and the fever.
Conclusion: Finally, the present study published clearly that the B. dalzielii methanolic extract (BDME) possess important antioxidant and anti-edematous effects. The phytoconstituents found in this methanol extract were responsible for the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Peer Review History:
Received 21 May 2024; Reviewed 15 July 2024; Accepted 25 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, gehankandeel9@yahoo.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Ogbonna B. Onyebuchi, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, summitpharm@yahoo.com
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
ASSESSMENT OF THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF CANALIS SINUOSUS IN THE ANTERIOR MAXILLA TO AVOID SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Ahmed Saleem Taher Ali , Da'er Sam Abd Alkarem , Homaid Waleed Abdullah Hossin Ahmed , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab , Mabkhout Ahmed Nasser Ali , Khalid Basheer Saeed Mohammed , Al-Ankoshy Azhar Azher Mohammed 
Published: September 2024

Aims: The study's objective was to evaluate the canalis sinuosus (CS) anatomical structure in the front maxilla in order to prevent surgical problems in an adult Yemeni population sample acquired using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to assess 226 participants' CBCT pictures. 452 sides in total were assessed. There were 140 females (61.9%) and 86 males (38.1%) among the samples. The age distribution was 18–34 years (65%) and over 35 years (35%), with a mean age of 32.13. Version 25 of the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for all statistical analyses.
Result: It was discovered that 160 right (35.4%) and 175 left (38.7%) of the 226 patients and 452 sides had CS. Among these individuals, 117 (51.8%) had unilateral CS and 109 (48.2%) had bilateral CS. The CS was 8.12 mm from the nasal cavity floor (D1), 6.99 mm from the buccal cortical bone ridge (D2), and 13.47 mm from the crest of the alveolar ridge (D3), as the mean distances were measured. Males and females had somewhat higher mean values for the linear measurements D1 and D3, but females had slightly higher mean values for the linear measurement D2. The CS had a mean diameter of 1.11 mm. Left central incisor area was the most commonly observed location of CS, and palataly was the most frequently recorded location of CS.
Conclusion: Since the CS is present in 100% of adult Yemenis, it is imperative that general practitioners and maxillofacial surgeons become more knowledgeable about the position and structure of the CS.

Peer Review History:
Received 19 May 2024; Reviewed 12 July 2024; Accepted 23 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, imane.higazy@hotmail.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
ANTILEISHMANIAL EFFICACY OF HERACLEUM PERSICUM DESF. EX. FISCH. EXTRACTS AGAINST LEISHMANIA TROPICA PROMASTIGOTES
Authors: Ozgun Gamze , Kayalar Husniye , Alaylı Fatih , Cavus İbrahim , Dönmez Fatih , Ozbilgin Ahmet 
Published: September 2024

Background: Heracleum persicum known as “suhotu” is widely distributed in Adana, Hakkari Van and used in the production of famous Van herb cheese. The antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antiepileptic, hepatoprotective, and antifungal properties were previously investigated on H. persicum extracts.
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the in vitro antiLeishmanial potential of H. persicum extracts prepared by solvents having different polarities.
Methods: The extracts of aerial parts of H. persicum were obtained by maceration, and in vitro antiLeishmanial efficacy was assayed on L. tropica promastigotes using CellTiter-Glo® Cell Viability assay.
Results: The diethylether extract of H. persicum was found to be the most active extract on L. tropica promastigotes with IC50 value at 151.6 µg/ml. The n-hexane extract with 160.2 µg/ml IC50 value exhibited higher antiLeishmanial activity than methanol, ethylacetate and etanol extracts which had IC50 values at 229, 343.5, and 4708 µg/ml, respectively
Conclusions: The n-hexane and the diethylether extracts of H. persicum which showed remarkable in vitro antiLeishmanial activities could constitute a valuable source for leishmanicidal compounds.

Peer Review History:
Received 24 May 2024; Reviewed 11 July 2024; Accepted 21 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, sangeetha@utar.edu.my