bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of obesity on hospital complications and mortality in hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia and diabetes
Authors: Alexopoulos Anastasia-Stefania , Fayfman Maya , Zhao Liping , Weaver Jeff , Buehler Lauren , Smiley Dawn , Pasquel Francisco J , Vellanki Priyathama , Haw J Sonya , Umpierrez Guillermo E 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveObesity is associated with increased risk of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular mortality. Several studies have reported increased length of hospital stay and complications; however, there are also reports of obesity having a protective effect on health, a phenomenon coined the ‘obesity paradox’. We aimed to investigate the impact of overweight and obesity on complications and mortality in hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia and diabetes.Research design and methodsThis retrospective analysis was conducted on 29 623 patients admitted to two academic hospitals in Atlanta, Georgia, between January 2012 and December 2013. Patients were subdivided by body mass index into underweight (body mass index <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (>30 kg/m2). Hyperglycemia was defined as a blood glucose >10 mmol/L during hospitalization. Hospital complications included a composite of pneumonia, acute myocardial infarction, respiratory failure, acute kidney injury, bacteremia and death.ResultsA total of 4.2% were underweight, 29.6% had normal weight, 30.2% were overweight, and 36% were obese. 27.2% of patients had diabetes and 72.8% did not have diabetes (of which 75% had hyperglycemia and 25% had normoglycemia during hospitalization). A J-shaped curve with higher rates of complications was observed in underweight patients in all glycemic groups; however, there was no significant difference in the rate of complications among normal weight, overweight, or obese patients, with and without diabetes or hyperglycemia.ConclusionsUnderweight is an independent predictor for hospital complications. In contrast, increasing body mass index was not associated with higher morbidity or mortality, regardless of glycemic status. There was no evidence of an obesity paradox among inpatients with diabetes and hyperglycemia.
Breast feeding and the weekend effect: an observational study
Authors: Fitzsimons Emla , Vera-Hernández Marcos 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo compare the incidence of breast feeding by day of week of birth.DesignRetrospective database study using 16 508 records from the 2005 and 2010 Infant Feeding Surveys.SettingEngland and Wales, UK.ParticipantsMothers of a sample of births from among all registered births in the periods August–September 2005 and August–October 2010.Main outcome measureIncidence of breast feeding after birth.ResultsAmong babies of mothers who left full-time education aged 16 or under, the incidence of breast feeding was 6.7 percentage points lower (95% CI 1.4 to 12.1 percentage points) for those born on Saturdays than for those born on Mondays–Thursdays. No such differences by day of week of birth were observed among babies of mothers who left school aged 17 or over.ConclusionsBreastfeeding policy should take into account differences in breast feeding by day of week of birth, which are apparent among low-educated mothers. Further research is needed to ascertain the reason for this finding.
Prospective audit to evaluate the potential of the coronial system to increase solid organ donation
Authors: Twamley Huw , Haigh Andrew , Williment Claire , Hudson Cara , Whitney Julie , Neuberger James 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesAnecdotal evidence suggests that organ donation from deceased donors referred to the Coroner/Procurator Fiscal (PF) could be increased if all followed best practice. The aim of this prospective audit was to establish how referrals affected organ donation and to develop evidence-based guidelines to ensure that organ donation can be facilitated safely without interfering in the Coroner/PF's investigative process.DesignProspective audit.SettingAll acute National Health Service Hospitals in the UK where deceased organ donation was considered.Participants1437 deceased patients who met the eligibility criteria for organ donation and were referred to Coroner/PF.Main outcome measuresNumber of cases where permission for transplantation was given, number of organs where permission was refused and number of organs which might have been transplanted if all had followed best practice.ResultsFull permission for organ retrieval was given in 87% cases and partial permission in 9%. However, if full permission had been given where no autopsy was performed or restrictions seemed unjustified, up to 77 organs (22 lungs, 22 kidneys, 9 pancreases, 9 livers, 8 hearts and 7 small bowels) could have been available for transplant.ConclusionsCoroners/PFs and their officers show strong support for transplantation but improvement in practice could result in a small but significant increase in life-saving and life-enhancing transplants.
Effectiveness of Community versus Hospital Eye Service follow-up for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration with quiescent disease (ECHoES): a virtual non-inferiority trial
Authors: Reeves Barnaby C , Scott Lauren J , Taylor Jodi , Harding Simon P , Peto Tunde , Muldrew Alyson , Hogg Ruth E , Wordsworth Sarah , Mills Nicola , O'Reilly Dermot , Rogers Chris A , Chakravarthy Usha 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo compare the ability of ophthalmologists versus optometrists to correctly classify retinal lesions due to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).DesignRandomised balanced incomplete block trial. Optometrists in the community and ophthalmologists in the Hospital Eye Service classified lesions from vignettes comprising clinical information, colour fundus photographs and optical coherence tomographic images. Participants' classifications were validated against experts' classifications (reference standard).SettingInternet-based application.ParticipantsOphthalmologists with experience in the age-related macular degeneration service; fully qualified optometrists not participating in nAMD shared care.InterventionsThe trial emulated a conventional trial comparing optometrists' and ophthalmologists' decision-making, but vignettes, not patients, were assessed. Therefore, there were no interventions and the trial was virtual. Participants received training before assessing vignettes.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome—correct classification of the activity status of a lesion based on a vignette, compared with a reference standard. Secondary outcomes—potentially sight-threatening errors, judgements about specific lesion components and participants' confidence in their decisions.ResultsIn total, 155 participants registered for the trial; 96 (48 in each group) completed all assessments and formed the analysis population. Optometrists and ophthalmologists achieved 1702/2016 (84.4%) and 1722/2016 (85.4%) correct classifications, respectively (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.25; p=0.543). Optometrists' decision-making was non-inferior to ophthalmologists' with respect to the prespecified limit of 10% absolute difference (0.298 on the odds scale). Optometrists and ophthalmologists made similar numbers of sight-threatening errors (57/994 (5.7%) vs 62/994 (6.2%), OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.57; p=0.789). Ophthalmologists assessed lesion components as present less often than optometrists and were more confident about their classifications than optometrists.ConclusionsOptometrists' ability to make nAMD retreatment decisions from vignettes is not inferior to ophthalmologists' ability. Shared care with optometrists monitoring quiescent nAMD lesions has the potential to reduce workload in hospitals.Trial registration numberISRCTN07479761; pre-results registration.
Lifestyle-related diseases following the evacuation after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident: a retrospective study of Kawauchi Village with long-term follow-up
Authors: Ebner Daniel K , Ohsawa Megumi , Igari Keiko , Harada Kouji H , Koizumi Akio 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesKawauchi Village lies 20 km west of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. On 16 March 2011, evacuation was ordered due to the threat of radiological exposure, and was lifted in April 2012. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the predisaster and postdisaster health status of the Kawauchi Villagers, measured by routine yearly physical examinations.MethodsWe analysed the annual health examination data of residents of Kawauchi Village from 2008 to 2013, as available from the Japanese National Health Insurance system. Data from 2011 were not available due to the disaster. Since the health data included the same participants repeatedly from year to year, the sample was non-independent and generalised estimated equation modelling was used. A predisaster time period (2008–2010) was categorised for comparison with postdisaster 2012 and 2013. The outcome examined was the prevalence of metabolic disease, and was adjusted for confounding factors.ResultsData for 20.6%–25.9% of the total residents were available in this period. In 2013, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (from 17.0% to 25.2%, p<0.001), diabetes (from 11.3% to 17.0%, p<0.001), dyslipidaemia (from 43.2% to 56.7%, p<0.0001), hyperuricaemia (from 5.2% to 8.4%, p=0.006) and chronic kidney disease (from 16.1% to 26.7%, p<0.001) was found to be elevated significantly compared to predisaster years, while that of obesity or hypertension did not change.ConclusionsThe present follow-up study for Kawauchi Village revealed an increase in lifestyle-related disease following the March 2011 disaster and subsequent evacuation, and this trend still continues 2 years later.
A protocol for a randomised controlled trial investigating the effect of increasing Omega-3 index with krill oil supplementation on learning, cognition, behaviour and visual processing in typically developing adolescents
Authors: van der Wurff I S M , von Schacky C , Berge K , Kirschner P A , de Groot R H M 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionThe influence of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) supplementation on brain functioning is debated. Some studies have found positive effects on cognition in children with learning difficulties, elderly people with cognitive impairment and depression scores in depressed individuals. Other studies have found null or negative effects. Observational studies in adolescents have found positive associations between fish consumption (containing n-3 LCPUFAs) and academic achievement. However, intervention studies in typically developing adolescents are missing.ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to determine the influence of increasing Omega-3 Index on cognitive functioning, academic achievement and mental well-being of typically developing adolescents.Methods and data analysisDouble-blind, randomised, placebo controlled intervention; 264 adolescents (age 13–15 years) attending lower general secondary education started daily supplementation of 400 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) in cohort I (n=130) and 800 mg EPA+DHA in cohort II (n=134) or a placebo for 52 weeks. Recruitment took place according to a low Omega-3 Index (<5%). The Omega-3 Index was monitored via a finger prick at baseline and after 3, 6 and 12 months. The supplement dose was adjusted after 3 months (placebo analogously) to reach an Omega-3 Index of 8–11%. At baseline, 6 and 12 months, a neuropsychological test battery, a number of questionnaires and a standardised math test (baseline and 12 months) were administered. School grades were collected. In a subsample, sleep quality and quantity data (n=64) and/or eye-tracking data (n=33) were collected.Ethics and disseminationFood2Learn is performed according to Good Clinical Practice. All data collected are linked to participant number only. The results will be disseminated on group level to participants and schools. The results will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. The study is approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of Atrium-Orbis-Zuyd Hospital and is registered at the Netherlands Trial Register (NTR4082).Trial registration numbersNTR4082 andNCT02240264; Pre-results.
Effects of conservation method on condensed tannin content, ruminal degradation, and in vitro intestinal digestion of purple prairie clover (Dalea purpureaVent.)
Authors: Huang Q.Q. , Jin L. , Xu Z. , Acharya S. , McAllister T.A. , Hu T.M. , Iwaasa A. , Schellenberg M. , Peng K. , Wang Y. 
Published: July 2016

In situ and in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of forage conservation method on the chemical composition, ruminal degradation, and intestinal digestion of purple prairie clover (PPC), which was conserved as freeze-dried forage (FD), silage (SIL), or hay (Hay). In situ dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and crude protein (CP) degradabilities were determined by incubating the forages in three rumen-cannulated heifers for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 h. Intestinal DM and CP digestions were estimated by incubating 12 h ruminal in situ residues in a modified three-step in vitro procedure. Ensiling decreased (P < 0.001) extractable condensed tannins (CT) but increased (P < 0.001) protein- and fiber-bound CT compared with FD and Hay. The ruminal disappearance of CP at 8 and 24 h was affected by conservation method (P < 0.001), ranked as SIL > FD > Hay. The effective degradability of DM was lower (P < 0.001) for Hay than for FD and SIL. Ensiling lowered (P < 0.001) whereas haymaking increased (P < 0.001) intestinal digestion of CP compared with the fresh PPC. There were no differences in intestinal DM digestion among the three conserved forages. The results suggest that PPC conserved as Hay may conserve the biological activity of CT via preserving extractable CT more than as SIL, thus having the potential to improve protein utilization in ruminants.
Electrochemical study of natural gas fueled electrodes for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell
Authors: Hussain M. Jafar , Raza Rizwan , Ahmad Mukhtar , Ali Akbar , Ahmad Imran , Syed Waqar A. A. , Janjua Naveed Kausar , Anis-ur-Rehman M. , Khan M. Ajmal , Shahid Shaukat A. , Abbas Ghazanfar 
Published: July 2016

Fuel cell is undoubtedly widespread energy conversion technology, which can convert fuel (biogas) energy into electricity. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is one of the best choices among the fuel cell’s family due to high efficiency and fuel flexibility. In this study, zinc-based nanostructured [Formula: see text] electrode materials were successfully developed by solid state reaction. The proposed materials have been characterized by XRD and SEM. The electrical conductivities have been examined by four-probe DC method in the temperature range of 300–600[Formula: see text]C, the maximum values were recorded and found to be 12.019 and 5.106 S/cm at natural gas and air atmosphere, respectively. The electrochemical performance has been measured employing NK-SDC electrolyte material and their current density versus voltage and current density versus power density (I-V and I-P characteristics) have been drawn. The maximum power density was found to be 170 mW/cm2using natural gas as a bio-fuel over a temperature of 600[Formula: see text]C.
First-principles study on the electronic and magnetic properties of the Zn0.75Mo0.25M(M = S,Se,Te)
Authors: Yin Zhu-Hua , Zhang Jian-Min , Xu Ke-Wei 
Published: July 2016

The geometrical, electronic and magnetic properties of the Zn[Formula: see text]Mo[Formula: see text]M (M[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]S, Se and Te) have been studied by spin-polarized first-principles calculation. The optimized lattice constants of 5.535, 5.836 and 6.274 Å for M[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]S, Se and Te are related to the atomic radius of 1.09, 1.22 and 1.42 Å for S, Se and Te atoms, respectively. The Zn[Formula: see text]Mo[Formula: see text]M are magnetic half-metallic (HM) with the spin-down conventional band gaps of 2.899, 2.126 and 1.840 eV, while the HM band gaps of 0.393, 0.016 and 0.294 eV for M[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]S, Se and Te, respectively. At the Fermi level, the less than half-filled Mo-[Formula: see text] orbital hybridizated with the less M-[Formula: see text] orbital contributes only spin-up channel leading Zn[Formula: see text]Mo[Formula: see text]M an HM ferromagnetism. The tetrahedral crystal field formed by adjacent three Zn atoms and one M atom splits the spin-up channel (majority spin) of Mo-[Formula: see text] orbital into three-fold degenerate [Formula: see text] states at the Fermi level and double degenerate [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] states below the Fermi level. The exchange splitting energies of the Zn[Formula: see text]Mo[Formula: see text]M are −2.611, −2.231 and −1.717 eV for M[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]S, Se and Te, respectively. The results provide an useful theoretical guidance for Zn[Formula: see text]Mo[Formula: see text]M applications in spintronic devices.
Inotera Memories: Leader or Dreamer
Authors: Shyu Yih-Wen , Reinfeld William 
Published: July 2016

This case can be divided into two sections. The first section focuses on how Inotera Memories can effectively analyze capital expenditure and return on investment for long-term capital budgeting in a capital-intensive, highly volatile and competitive industry. The following section is to highlight the strategy shift of Inotera. The DRAM business environment is highly volatile, and continuously requires large amounts of capital to improve process technologies, reduce production costs and achieve economies of scale. The challenge is greater because Inotera Memories is a joint venture of two entities with very different backgrounds, cultures and objectives, but which are not necessarily incompatible. Fei Lin, an assistant vice president in Inotera, and Charles Kau, the president of Inotera, play the central roles in this case study. Fei has been instructed to prepare a report to the board of directors that presents an effective investment evaluation model to ensure the success of Inotera's business model and expansion project. On the other hand, Charles proposed the issue of strategy shift to determine how it has been implemented and whether it needs replacement by a new strategy to meet changed circumstances, new technology, and new market segments.
Upstream controls on evolution of dryland alluvial megafans: Quaternary examples from the Kohrud Mountain Range, central Iran
Authors: Arzani Nasser , Jones Stuart J. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The relative importance of tectonics, climate, base level and source lithology as the primary controls on the evolution of alluvial fans is highly debated. This study examines the role of upstream catchment characteristics on the evolution of alluvial megafans by examining three Quaternary fans (the Kalahrud, Zefreh and Mughar fans) along the flanks of the Kohrud Mountain Range in central Iran. These fans formed in a tectonically active basin under arid to semi-arid climatic conditions. The key differences between the evolutionary trends of these fans are that their catchments are underlain by different bedrock types and they have different catchment shapes and outlet characteristics. The catchment of the Kalahrud fan is in a sedimentary terrain with limited sediment supply, whereas the bedrock lithologies of the Zefreh and Mughar fans are fractured and weathered igneous rocks. However, the evolution of the Mughar fan is also controlled by the tilting of the catchment towards a wide apex and lateral shifting in the catchment outlet/fan feeder channel position. These variables resulted in relatively large-scale incision in the Kalahrud and Mughar fans that is absent in the aggradational trend of the Zefreh fan. Upstream lithological and structural controls are the dominant drivers behind the development and evolution of alluvial megafans.
miR-9 and miR-200 Regulate PDGFRβ-Mediated Endothelial Differentiation of Tumor Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: D'Ippolito Elvira , Plantamura Ilaria , Bongiovanni Lucia , Casalini Patrizia , Baroni Sara , Piovan Claudia , Orlandi Rosaria , Gualeni Ambra V. , Gloghini Annunziata , Rossini Anna , Cresta Sara , Tessari Anna , De Braud Filippo , Di Leva Gianpiero , Tripodo Claudio , Iorio Marilena V. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Organization of cancer cells into endothelial-like cell-lined structures to support neovascularization and to fuel solid tumors is a hallmark of progression and poor outcome. In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), PDGFRβ has been identified as a key player of this process and is considered a promising target for breast cancer therapy. Thus, we aimed at investigating the role of miRNAs as a therapeutic approach to inhibit PDGFRβ-mediated vasculogenic properties of TNBC, focusing on miR-9 and miR-200. In MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157 TNBC cell lines, miR-9 and miR-200 promoted and inhibited, respectively, the formation of vascular-like structures in vitro. Induction of endogenous miR-9 expression, upon ligand-dependent stimulation of PDGFRβ signaling, promoted significant vascular sprouting of TNBC cells, in part, by direct repression of STARD13. Conversely, ectopic expression of miR-200 inhibited this sprouting by indirectly reducing the protein levels of PDGFRβ through the direct suppression of ZEB1. Notably, in vivo miR-9 inhibition or miR-200c restoration, through either the generation of MDA-MB-231–stable clones or peritumoral delivery in MDA-MB-231 xenografted mice, strongly decreased the number of vascular lacunae. Finally, IHC and immunofluorescence analyses in TNBC specimens indicated that PDGFRβ expression marked tumor cells engaged in vascular lacunae. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that miR-9 and miR-200 play opposite roles in the regulation of the vasculogenic ability of TNBC, acting as facilitator and suppressor of PDGFRβ, respectively. Moreover, our data support the possibility to therapeutically exploit miR-9 and miR-200 to inhibit the process of vascular lacunae formation in TNBC. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5562–72. ©2016 AACR.