bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The risk of internal hernia or volvulus after laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Toh J. W. T. , Lim R. , Keshava A. , Rickard M. J. F. X. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimTo determine the incidence of internal hernias after laparoscopic colorectal surgery and evaluate the risk factors and strategies in the management of this serious complication.MethodTwo databases (MEDLINE from 1946 and Embase from 1949) were searched to mid‐September 2015. The search terms included volvulus or internal hernia and laparoscopic colorectal surgery or colorectal surgery or anterior resection or laparoscopic colectomy. We found 49 and 124 articles on MEDLINE and Embase, respectively, an additional 15 articles were found on reviewing the references. After removal of duplicates, 176 abstracts were reviewed, with 33 full texts reviewed and 15 eligible for qualitative synthesis.ResultsThe incidence of internal hernia after laparoscopic colorectal surgery is low (0.65%). Thirty‐one patients were identified. Five cases were from two prospective studies (5/648, 0.8%), 20 cases were from seven retrospective studies (20/3165, 0.6%) and six patients were from case reports. Of the 31 identified cases, 21 were associated with left‐sided resection, four with right sided resection, two with transverse colectomy, one with a subtotal colectomy and in three cases the operation was not specified. The majority of cases (64.3%) were associated with a restorative left sided resection. Nearly all cases occurred within 4 months of surgery. All patients required re‐operation and reduction of the internal hernia and 35.7% of cases required a bowel resection. In 52.2% of cases, the mesenteric defect was closed at the second operation and 52.6% of cases were successfully managed laparoscopically. There were three deaths (0.08%).ConclusionMesenteric hernias are a rare but important complication of laparoscopic colorectal surgery. The evidence does not support routine closure for all cases, but selective closure of the mesenteric defect during left‐sided restorative procedures in high‐risk patients at the initial surgery may be considered.
Fecundity and water flow influence the dynamics of Atlantic salmon
Authors: Jonsson Bror , Jonsson Nina 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPopulations are retained at reduced levels by resource competition and environmental stochasticity. In the Norwegian River Imsa, the relationship between fecundity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) spawners and number of smolts per unit river area was investigated for cohorts spawned from 1976 to 2011. Annual number of smolts produced per unit area was best described by a multiplicative model and increased with the fecundity of the females as proxy for number of eggs deposited and the minimum water flow in August towards the end of the first growth season. Mean monthly water temperature, or water flow in any other month during the first year, had no significant effect on number of smolts produced. At sea, there was an almost linear relationship between number of emigrating smolts and returning adults, possibly because population abundance of Atlantic salmon is low relative to the carrying capacity in the ocean. Thus, both number of eggs spawned and minimum water flow in late summer influenced population abundance in the present river.
The antiepileptic medications carbamazepine and phenytoin inhibit native sodium currents in murine osteoblasts
Authors: Petty Sandra J. , Milligan Carol J. , Todaro Marian , Richards Kay L. , Kularathna Pamuditha K. , Pagel Charles N. , French Chris R. , Hill‐Yardin Elisa L. , O'Brien Terence J. , Wark John D. , Mackie Eleanor J. , Petrou Steven 
Published: July 2016

SummaryObjectiveFracture risk is a serious comorbidity in epilepsy and may relate to the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Many AEDs inhibit ion channel function, and the expression of these channels in osteoblasts raises the question of whether altered bone signaling increases bone fragility. We aimed to confirm the expression of voltage‐gated sodium (NaV) channels in mouse osteoblasts, and to investigate the action of carbamazepine and phenytoin on NaV channels.MethodsImmunocytochemistry was performed on primary calvarial osteoblasts extracted from neonatal C57BL/6J mice and additional RNA sequencing (RNASeq) was included to confirm expression of NaV. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings were made to identify the native currents expressed and to assess the actions of carbamazepine (50 μm) or phenytoin (50 μm).ResultsNaV expression was demonstrated with immunocytochemistry, RNA sequencing, and functionally, with demonstration of robust tetrodotoxin‐sensitive and voltage‐activated inward currents. Application of carbamazepine or phenytoin resulted in significant inhibition of current amplitude for carbamazepine (31.6 ± 5.9%, n = 9; p < 0.001), and for phenytoin (35.5 ± 6.9%, n = 7; p < 0.001).SignificanceMouse osteoblasts express NaV, and native NaV currents are blocked by carbamazepine and phenytoin, supporting our hypothesis that AEDs can directly influence osteoblast function and potentially affect bone strength.
Test–retest reliability of the VA National Center for Patient Safety culture questionnaire
Authors: Shiner Brian , Ronconi Julia M , McKnight Scott , Young‐Xu Yinong , Mills Peter D , Watts Bradley V 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesPatient safety culture may have a significant influence on safety processes and outcomes. Therefore, it is important to have valid tools to measure patient safety culture in order to identify potential levers for cultural change that could improve patient safety. The 65‐item Department of Veterans Affairs Patient Safety Culture Survey (VA PSCS) consists of 14 dimensions and is administered biannually to VA employees. Test–retest reliability of the VA PSCS has not been established.MethodsWe conducted repeated administrations of the VA PSCS among 28 VA employees. We measured intraclass correlation coefficients for each item and dimension.ResultsTest–retest intraclass correlation coefficient values were 0.7 or greater for 13 out of 14 dimensions of the VA PSCS. Employees had difficulty reliably reporting how others feel about patient safety.ConclusionsIn general, the VA PSCS survey showed adequate test–retest reliability. Items asking what others think or feel showed lower reliability. Further work is needed to better understand the relationship between safety culture, safety processes and safety outcomes.
Vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia in children of a developed country
Authors: Chiu Mimi , Dillon Alexander , Watson Stephanie 
Published: July 2016

AimWe aim (i) to characterise the clinical features of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in a small cohort of Australian children; (ii) to determine the effects of VAD; and (iii) to quantify the prevalence of ophthalmic review in this group.MethodsData collected from the charts incorporated patient demographics, laboratory results, past medical history, ophthalmic symptoms and dietary history. Outcome measures were (i) occurrence of VAD in our study population; (ii) presence of associated systemic effects and ocular manifestations in those diagnosed with VAD; and (iii) determination of whether children with VAD had an ophthalmology review.ResultsFifty‐two of the 146 children had VAD; their average age was 8.4 years (range 11 days to 18 years old). In this Australian cohort, the most common pre‐existing medical conditions in those children whose vitamin A status was investigated were cystic fibrosis, gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease, micronutrient deficiency and short gut syndrome. The most common medical conditions affecting children with measured VAD in this cohort include autism, coeliac disease and cystic fibrosis. A significant association was found between VAD and anaemia and serum iron levels. Of the 146 children, 28 had ophthalmology review, of whom 13 had VAD. The most common reason for ophthalmology review was retinopathy of prematurity; there was only one referral for review for xerophthalmia. There was one case of xerophthalmia referred due to microbial keratitis.ConclusionVitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia do exist in children of developed country. The potential for xerophthalmia should be considered, and there should be a consideration of an ophthalmology review.
Chlorophyll f distribution and dynamics in cyanobacterial beachrock biofilms
Authors: Trampe Erik , Kühl Michael 
Published: July 2016

Chlorophyll (Chl) f, the most far‐red (720–740 nm) absorbing Chl species, was discovered in cyanobacterial isolates from stromatolites and subsequently in other habitats as well. However, the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of Chl f in a natural habitat have so far not been documented. Here, we report the presence of Chl f in cyanobacterial beachrock biofilms. Hyperspectral imaging on cross‐sections of beachrock from Heron Island (Great Barrier Reef, Australia), showed a strong and widely distributed signature of Chl f absorption in an endolithic layer below the dense cyanobacterial surface biofilm that could be localized to aggregates of Chroococcidiopsis‐like unicellular cyanobacteria packed within a thick common sheath. High‐pressure liquid chromatography‐based pigment analyses showed in situ ratios of Chl f to Chl a of 5% in brown‐pigmented zones of the beachrock, with lower ratios of ~0.5% in the black‐ and pink‐pigmented biofilm zones. Enrichment experiments with black beachrock biofilm showed stimulated synthesis of Chl f and Chl d when grown under near‐infrared radiation (NIR; 740 nm), with a Chl f to Chl a ratio increasing 4‐fold to 2%, whereas the Chl d to Chl a ratio went from 0% to 0.8%. Enrichments grown under white light (400–700 nm) produced no detectable amounts of either Chl d or Chl f. Beachrock cyanobacteria thus exhibited characteristics of far‐red light photoacclimation, enabling Chl f ‐containing cyanobacteria to thrive in optical niches deprived of visible light when sufficient NIR is prevalent.
Effect of different drug classes on reverse remodeling of intramural coronary arterioles in the spontaneously hypertensive rat
Authors: Mancini Massimiliano , Scavone Angela , Sartorio Carmem Luiza , Baccaro Rocco , Kleinert Christina , Pernazza Angelina , Buia Veronica , Leopizzi Martina , d'Amati Giulia , Camici Paolo G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundSymptoms and signs of myocardial ischemia in the absence of obstructive coronary disease are common in hypertensive patients. This can be explained by CMD due to adverse remodeling of coronary arterioles which have also been reported in the SHR.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of ramipril, perindopril, candesartan, atenolol, amlodipine, indapamide, and HMR1766 on CMD in the SHR.MethodsEight groups of 24‐wk‐old SHR were treated for 8 wk. BP was measured invasively at the end of the treatment. After sacrifice, hearts were mounted on a Langendorff apparatus for the measurement of hyperemic CF. Hearts were then processed for histomorphometric analysis.ResultsAll compounds, except HMR1766, induced a significant reduction in BP. Perindopril and candesartan increased hyperemic CF, whereas the other compounds had no significant effect. Perindopril, ramipril, atenolol, indapamide, and HMR1766 induced significant reverse arteriolar remodeling, whereas candesartan and amlodipine did not.ConclusionsThe effect of antihypertensive treatment on CMD is not exclusively dependent on BP reduction. Compounds with comparable antihypertensive efficacy may exert different effects on CF and induce different degrees of reverse arteriolar remodeling.
Short‐Term Traffic Speed Prediction for an Urban Corridor
Authors: Yao Baozhen , Chen Chao , Cao Qingda , Jin Lu , Zhang Mingheng , Zhu Hanbing , Yu Bin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractShort‐term traffic speed prediction is one of the most critical components of an intelligent transportation system (ITS). The accurate and real‐time prediction of traffic speeds can support travellers’ route choices and traffic guidance/control. In this article, a support vector machine model (single‐step prediction model) composed of spatial and temporal parameters is proposed. Furthermore, a short‐term traffic speed prediction model is developed based on the single‐step prediction model. To test the accuracy of the proposed short‐term traffic speed prediction model, its application is illustrated using GPS data from taxis in Foshan city, China. The results indicate that the error of the short‐term traffic speed prediction varies from 3.31% to 15.35%. The support vector machine model with spatial‐temporal parameters exhibits good performance compared with an artificial neural network, a k‐nearest neighbor model, a historical data‐based model, and a moving average data‐based model.
Airway stenting in the management of iatrogenic tracheal injuries: 10‐Year experience
Authors: Tazi‐Mezalek Rachid , Musani Ali I. , Laroumagne Sophie , Astoul Philippe J. , D'Journo Xavier B. , Thomas Pascal A. , Dutau Hervé 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveIatrogenic tracheal injury (ITI) is a rare yet severe complication of endotracheal tube (ETT) placement or tracheostomy. ITI is suspected in patients with clinical and/or radiographic signs or inefficient mechanical ventilation (MV) following these procedures. Bronchoscopy is used to establish a definitive diagnosis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, single‐centre chart review of 35 patients between 2004 and 2014. Depending on the nature and location of ITI and need for MV, patients were triaged to surgical repair, endoscopic management with airway stents or conservative treatment consisting of ETT or tracheotomy cannula (TC) placement distal to the wound and bronchoscopic surveillance.ResultsThree of the four patients (11.43%) presenting with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) underwent surgery. Seven patients (20%) who did not require MV underwent endoscopic surveillance. Of the 24 ventilated patients (68.57%), 7 with ITI in the lower trachea were treated with silicone Y‐stent (ETT or TC was placed inside the stent) and 17 patients with ITI in the upper trachea were managed by placing ETT or TC cuff distal to the injury. Overall management success, defined as complete healing of the ITI, was seen in 88.57% of patients. Four patients (11.43%) died of non‐ITI‐related comorbidities.ConclusionConservative management should be considered in non‐ventilated patients with ITI and when ITI is located in the upper trachea of ventilated patients where ETT or TC bypasses the injury. Airway stenting should be considered in ventilated patients with ITI located in the lower trachea. Surgery should be reserved for TEF and conservative and endoscopic management failure.
Prognostic value of right ventricular ejection/filling parameters in IPAH using cardiac magnetic resonance: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Li Wen , Yang Tao , Zhang Yan , Gu Qing , Liu Zhi‐Hong , Ni Xin‐Hai , Luo Qin , Xiong Chang‐Ming , He Jian‐Guo 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThe potential prognostic value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)‐derived right ventricular (RV) ejection/filling parameters in the assessment of RV function remains to be fully established. The goal of this study was to explore the prognostic value of these parameters in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients.MethodsIn this prospective investigation, newly diagnosed IPAH patients without targeted therapy were recruited. Patients underwent right heart catheterization (RHC), 6‐min walk test and CMR imaging within 1 week. Cardiopulmonary haemodynamics derived from RHC, and RV ejection/filling parameters derived from CMR were collected.ResultsA total of 41 IPAH patients were recruited with the median follow‐up time of 824 days. During this period, 13 patients significantly deteriorated and among them, 7 patients died. CMR‐derived RV peak ejection rate (PER) correlated significantly with CMR‐derived RV stroke volume index (r = 0.574, P < 0.001) and RV cardiac index (r = 0.611, P < 0.001), but had no significant correlation with RV end diastolic volume index (EDVI, r = 0.201, P = 0.208) and pulmonary vascular resistance (r = −0.134, P = 0.403). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that RV time to PER (TPER, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.010, 95% CI: 1.003–1.017, P = 0.005) and RV TPER/time of a cardiac cycle (TPER/TCC, HR = 1.085, 95% CI: 1.031–1.141, P = 0.002) were predictors of clinical deterioration after adjusting for N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and RV EDVI. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses showed that patients with RV TPER ≥ 199.01 ms (log rank: P = 0.036) or RV TPER/TCC ≥ 20.02% (log rank: P = 0.007) had worse prognosis.Conclusion
CMR‐derived RV TPER and TPER/TCC can reflect RV early systolic function, and may be promising predictors for long‐term prognosis in IPAH patients.
Survivors' quality of life after cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an integrative review of the literature
Authors: Haydon Gunilla , van der Riet Pamela , Maguire Jane 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThe incidence of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation continues to increase worldwide largely due to greater awareness of the symptoms of cardiac events and increased attention to cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in the community. Globally, predicted survival rates after cardiopulmonary resuscitation have remained at 10% for decades and although patient outcome remains unpredictable, there is a positive trend in life expectancy. For a resuscitation attempt to be classed as successful, not only survival but also quality of life has to be evaluated.AimThe aim of this review was to examine literature that explores the quality of life (QOL) for survivors' after CPR and the influence cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has had on their QOL.Review methodsThis review follows Whittemore and Knafl's framework for an integrative literature review. Electronic databases EBSCO, Ovid, PubMed and EMBASE were searched. After application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, thirty‐six papers published from January 2000 to June 2015 were included in this review.ResultsThese papers represent a broad spectrum of research evaluating quality of life for survivors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The heterogeneous research methods and vast number of different research tools make it challenging to compare the findings. The majority of papers concluded that quality of life for survivors of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was generally acceptable. However, studies also described survivors' experience of anxiety, depression, post‐traumatic stress and cognitive dysfunction.ConclusionA majority of papers reported an acceptable quality of life if the patient survived to hospital discharge. The heterogeneity in quantitative papers was noticeable and indicates a marked variance in patient outcomes. This review highlights the absence of specialized tools used to investigate survivors' experience of the event. Further exploration of the impact cardiopulmonary resuscitation has on the individual may improve ongoing rehabilitation and quality of life levels for survivors.
MORC3, a Component of PML Nuclear Bodies, Has a Role in Restricting Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and Human Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Sloan Elizabeth , Orr Anne , Everett Roger D. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

We previously reported that MORC3, a protein associated with promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML NBs), is a target of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) ICP0-mediated degradation (E. Sloan, et al., PLoS Pathog
11:
e1005059, 2015,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005059
). Since it is well known that certain other components of the PML NB complex play an important role during an intrinsic immune response to HSV-1 and are also degraded or inactivated by ICP0, here we further investigate the role of MORC3 during HSV-1 infection. We demonstrate that MORC3 has antiviral activity during HSV-1 infection and that this antiviral role is counteracted by ICP0. In addition, MORC3's antiviral role extends to wild-type (wt) human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, as its plaque-forming efficiency increased in MORC3-depleted cells. We found that MORC3 is recruited to sites associated with HSV-1 genomes after their entry into the nucleus of an infected cell, and in wt infections this is followed by its association with ICP0 foci prior to its degradation. The RING finger domain of ICP0 was required for degradation of MORC3, and we confirmed that no other HSV-1 protein is required for the loss of MORC3. We also found that MORC3 is required for fully efficient recruitment of PML, Sp100, hDaxx, and γH2AX to sites associated with HSV-1 genomes entering the host cell nucleus. This study further unravels the intricate ways in which HSV-1 has evolved to counteract the host immune response and reveals a novel function for MORC3 during the host intrinsic immune response.

IMPORTANCE
Herpesviruses have devised ways to manipulate the host intrinsic immune response to promote their own survival and persistence within the human population. One way in which this is achieved is through degradation or functional inactivation of PML NB proteins, which are recruited to viral genomes in order to repress viral transcription. Because MORC3 associates with PML NBs in uninfected cells and is a target for HSV-1-mediated degradation, we investigated the role of MORC3 during HSV-1 infection. We found that MORC3 is also recruited to viral HSV-1 genomes, and importantly it contributes to the fully efficient recruitment of PML, hDaxx, Sp100, and γH2AX to these sites. Depletion of MORC3 resulted in an increase in ICP0-null HSV-1 and wt HCMV replication and plaque formation; therefore, this study reveals that MORC3 is an antiviral factor which plays an important role during HSV-1 and HCMV infection.