bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Description of Giant Molecular Cloud Mass Functions on Galactic Disks
Authors: Kobayashi Masato I. N. , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Hasegawa Kenji 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Recent radio observations show that giant molecular cloud (GMC) mass functions noticeably vary across galactic disks. High-resolution magnetohydrodynamics simulations show that multiple episodes of compression are required for creating a molecular cloud in the magnetized interstellar medium. In this article, we formulate the evolution equation for the GMC mass function to reproduce the observed profiles, for which multiple compressions are driven by a network of expanding shells due to H ii regions and supernova remnants. We introduce the cloud–cloud collision (CCC) terms in the evolution equation in contrast to previous work (Inutsuka et al.). The computed time evolution suggests that the GMC mass function slope is governed by the ratio of GMC formation timescale to its dispersal timescale, and that the CCC effect is limited only in the massive end of the mass function. In addition, we identify a gas resurrection channel that allows the gas dispersed by massive stars to regenerate GMC populations or to accrete onto pre-existing GMCs. Our results show that almost all of the dispersed gas contributes to the mass growth of pre-existing GMCs in arm regions whereas less than 60% contributes in inter-arm regions. Our results also predict that GMC mass functions have a single power-law exponent in the mass range <105.5

(where

represents the solar mass), which is well characterized by GMC self-growth and dispersal timescales. Measurement of the GMC mass function slope provides a powerful method to constrain those GMC timescales and the gas resurrecting factor in various environments across galactic disks.
Total energy and potential enstrophy conserving schemes for the shallow water equations using Hamiltonian methods – Part 1: Derivation and properties
Authors: Eldred Christopher , Randall David 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The shallow water equations provide a useful analogue of the fully compressible Euler equations since they have similar characteristics: conservation laws, inertia-gravity and Rossby waves, and a (quasi-) balanced state. In order to obtain realistic simulation results, it is desirable that numerical models have discrete analogues of these properties. Two prototypical examples of such schemes are the 1981 Arakawa and Lamb (AL81) C-grid total energy and potential enstrophy conserving scheme, and the 2007 Salmon (S07) Z-grid total energy and potential enstrophy conserving scheme. Unfortunately, the AL81 scheme is restricted to logically square, orthogonal grids, and the S07 scheme is restricted to uniform square grids. The current work extends the AL81 scheme to arbitrary non-orthogonal polygonal grids and the S07 scheme to arbitrary orthogonal spherical polygonal grids in a manner that allows for both total energy and potential enstrophy conservation, by combining Hamiltonian methods (work done by Salmon, Gassmann, Dubos, and others) and discrete exterior calculus (Thuburn, Cotter, Dubos, Ringler, Skamarock, Klemp, and others). Detailed results of the schemes applied to standard test cases are deferred to part 2 of this series of papers.
Daily Landsat-scale evapotranspiration estimation over a forested landscape in North Carolina, USA, using multi-satellite data fusion
Authors: Yang Yun , Anderson Martha C. , Gao Feng , Hain Christopher R. , Semmens Kathryn A. , Kustas William P. , Noormets Asko , Wynne Randolph H. , Thomas Valerie A. , Sun Ge 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. As a primary flux in the global water cycle, evapotranspiration (ET) connects hydrologic and biological processes and is directly affected by water and land management, land use change and climate variability. Satellite remote sensing provides an effective means for diagnosing ET patterns over heterogeneous landscapes; however, limitations on the spatial and temporal resolution of satellite data, combined with the effects of cloud contamination, constrain the amount of detail that a single satellite can provide. In this study, we describe an application of a multi-sensor ET data fusion system over a mixed forested/agricultural landscape in North Carolina, USA, during the growing season of 2013. The fusion system ingests ET estimates from the Two-Source Energy Balance Model (TSEB) applied to thermal infrared remote sensing retrievals of land surface temperature from multiple satellite platforms: hourly geostationary satellite data at 4 km resolution, daily 1 km imagery from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and biweekly Landsat thermal data sharpened to 30 m. These multiple ET data streams are combined using the Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM) to estimate daily ET at 30 m resolution to investigate seasonal water use behavior at the level of individual forest stands and land cover patches. A new method, also exploiting the STARFM algorithm, is used to fill gaps in the Landsat ET retrievals due to cloud cover and/or the scan-line corrector (SLC) failure on Landsat 7. The retrieved daily ET time series agree well with observations at two AmeriFlux eddy covariance flux tower sites in a managed pine plantation within the modeling domain: US-NC2 located in a mid-rotation (20-year-old) loblolly pine stand and US-NC3 located in a recently clear-cut and replanted field site. Root mean square errors (RMSEs) for NC2 and NC3 were 0.99 and 1.02 mm day−1, respectively, with mean absolute errors of approximately 29 % at the daily time step, 12 % at the monthly time step and 0.7 % over the full study period at the two flux tower sites. Analyses of water use patterns over the plantation indicate increasing seasonal ET with stand age for young to mid-rotation stands up to 20 years, but little dependence on age for older stands. An accounting of consumptive water use by major land cover classes representative of the modeling domain is presented, as well as relative partitioning of ET between evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) components obtained with the TSEB. The study provides new insights about the effects of management and land use change on water yield over forested landscapes.
Seiche excitation in a highly stratified fjord of southern Chile: the Reloncaví fjord
Authors: Castillo Manuel I. , Pizarro Oscar , Ramírez Nadin , Cáceres Mario 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. We describe a seiche process based on current, temperature, and sea-level data obtained from the Reloncaví fjord (41.6° S, 72.5° W) in southern Chile. We combined 4 months of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data with sea-level, temperature, and wind time series to analyze the dynamics of low-frequency (periods > 1 day) internal oscillations in the fjord. Additionally, seasonal conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) data from 19 along-fjord stations were used to characterize the seasonality of the density field. The density profiles were used to estimate the internal long-wave phase speed (c) using two approximations: (1) a simple reduced gravity model (RGM) and (2) a continuously stratified model (CSM). No major seasonal changes in c were observed using either approximation (e.g., the CSM yielded 0.73 < c < 0.87 m s−1 for mode 1). The natural internal periods (TN) were estimated using Merian's formula for a simple fjord-like basin and the above phase speeds. Estimated values of TN varied between 2.9 and 3.5 days and were highly consistent with spectral peaks observed in the along-fjord currents and temperature time series. We conclude that these oscillations were forced by the wind stress, despite the moderate wind energy. Wind conditions at the end of winter gave us an excellent opportunity to explore the damping process. The observed damping time (Td) was relatively long (Td =  9.1 days).
Restoration of Photoreceptors in Eyes with Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Muftuoglu Ilkay K. , Unsal Erkan , Ozturker Zeynep K. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose To show the prognostic value of foveal microstructures using optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the restoration of inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction layer following resolution of diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods Forty-one eyes of 39 patients with IS/OS damage at the time of DME that showed complete resolution of DME were included. Eyes were divided into 2 groups based on the IS/OS integrity at final visit, when edema was completely resolved: always damage group (damage at baseline and at final visit) and initial damage group (damage only at baseline). The OCT characteristics including the extent of the IS/OS damage, central subfield thickness (CST), maximum retinal thickness (MRT), presence or absence of subretinal fluid, duration of diabetic retinopathy, and duration of DME were studied. The integrity of IS/OS was evaluated at baseline and at last follow-up as percentage (0%-100%). Results Forty-four percent of eyes (18 eyes) achieved complete restoration of IS/OS after resolution of DME. There was no significant difference in CST or MRT during DME between the 2 groups. The always damage group had more IS/OS damage at baseline visit (23.6% ± 6.4% vs 10.7% ± 3.4%, p = 0.043) with a longer duration of DME (p = 0.025). Despite a borderline significance in visual acuity between the 2 groups at baseline (p = 0.05), the always damage group ended up with worse vision at last follow-up (p<0.001). Conclusions Patients with shorter duration of DME and less baseline IS/OS damage were more likely to have intact (restored) IS/OS after resolution of DME.
Effects of Panretinal Laser Photocoagulation on the Corneal Nerve Plexus and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Bitirgen Gulfidan , Belviranli Selman , Malik Rayaz A. , Kerimoglu Hurkan , Ozkagnici Ahmet 
Published: February 2017

Purpose To determine the effects of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) on corneal sub-basal nerve plexus (SBNP) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with unilateral central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) who had previously undergone PRP treatment. Methods Sixty-four eyes of 32 patients (19 male, 13 female) with unilateral ischemic type CRVO who had undergone PRP treatment at least 6 months previously were included in this cross-sectional study. The laser scanning in vivo corneal confocal microscope was used to determine corneal SBNP parameters. The peripapillary RNFL thickness was assessed with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Data obtained from the PRP-treated eyes were compared with those of the fellow unaffected eyes. Results The mean age of patients was 63.5 ± 10.7 years (range 45-85 years). The mean nerve fiber density (NFD), nerve branch density, and nerve fiber length (NFL) were significantly lower in PRP-treated eyes compared with fellow eyes (p<0.001 for all). Average peripapillary RNFL thickness was significantly lower in PRP-treated eyes than in fellow eyes (p = 0.007). The NFD and NFL showed a modest but significant positive correlation with average peripapillary RNFL thickness (r = 0.310, p = 0.013 and r = 0.272, p = 0.030, respectively). Conclusions Significant reductions in corneal SBNP parameters and average peripapillary RNFL thickness were observed in the eyes of patients receiving PRP for the treatment of ischemic CRVO.
Survival of Hydroxy Apatite-Coated Cups: Acetabular Screws Involve a Lower Rate of Revision Surgery due to Aseptic Loosening
Authors: Natera Luis , Valera Marius , Gómez Esther Moya , Ibañez Natalia , Crusi Xavier , Sancho Rogelio 
Published: February 2017

Background It is believed that the path of acetabular screws may represent a shuttle between hydroxyapatite (HA) particles and the liner. The aim was to assess the relationship between acetabular screws and revision surgery for aseptic loosening in total hip arthroplasties (THAs). Material and methods A retrospective multicentric study was performed. Patients older than 18 years and patients who underwent THA with both the stem and cup HA-coated were included. The rate of revision-surgery considering only aseptic loosening was calculated. The proportion of cases in which acetabular screws were used was registered, as well as the proportion of cups that showed osteolysis. The statistical relationship between acetabular screws and osteolysis, as well as acetabular screws and revision-surgery for aseptic loosening were assessed. Results There were 749 cases. Mean age 62.1 (45–84) years. Mean follow-up 14.19 (8.9-16.7) years. Revision surgery was performed in 12.8% (96/749) of the cups. 73.95% (71/96) of the revised cups showed aseptic loosening. The overall 15-year survival of the cups considering only aseptic loosening was 84.4%. Acetabular screws were used in 47.5% (356/749) of the cups. Acetabular screws were used in 40.44% (55/136) of the cups that showed osteolysis. The use of acetabular screws was associated with less osteolysis (p = 0.006). Acetabular screws were used in 35.21% (25/71) of the cups that were revised for aseptic loosening. The use of acetabular screws was associated with a lower rate of revision surgery (p = 0.020). Conclusions In THA with the stem and cup HA-coated, the use of acetabular screws is associated with a lower rate of revision surgery.
Adverse Reaction to Metal Debris in a Consecutive Series of DUROM™ Hip Resurfacing: Pseudotumour Incidence and Metal Ion Concentration
Authors: Hartmann Albrecht , Kieback Jan-Dirk , Lützner Jörg , Günther Klaus-Peter , Goronzy Jens 
Published: February 2017

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMD) in a consecutive series of DUROM™ Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty (HRA) at mid-term follow-up. Methods Between October 2003 and March 2007 a total of 134 consecutive DUROM™ HRA in 121 patients were performed at our institution. Follow-up could be obtained in 101 unrevised patients (83%) at a mean time of 8.51 ± 0.97 years postoperatively and included patient-related outcome measurement, plain radiographs, MARS-MRI as well as whole blood metal ion assessment. Results 17 (16.5%) out of 103 hips revealed pseudotumour occurrence in MRI investigation, 1 (10.6%) with a diameter of ≥2 cm. Higher incidence of pseudotumours was found patients with femoral component size <50 mm. 38 patients had elevated cobalt levels, 36 of them (35%) in the range of 2-7 μg/l and 2 patients (1.9%) at a rate of >7 μg/l. In contrast to cobalt determination, only elevated chromium values showed a positive association with pseudotumour occurrence and size. Discussion A significant proportion of patients developed pseudotumours and metal ion elevation in a consecutive cohort of DUROM™ HRA after mid-term follow-up. The incidence, however, seems not to differ from results of other well performing resurfacing brands; clinical relevance of our findings is unclear. Regarding potential local as well as systemic effects of metal particle release, close follow-up of patients is essential, even with clinically well-performing implants.
The Corail Stem as a Reverse Hybrid – Survivorship and X-Ray Analysis at 10 Years
Authors: Wangen Helge , Nordsletten Lars , Boldt Jens G. , Fenstad Anne M. , Beverland David E. 
Published: February 2017

Background The use of a cemented cup together with an uncemented stem in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has become popular in Norway and Sweden during the last decade. The results of this prosthetic concept, reverse hybrid THA have been sparsely described. We report our experience of reverse hybrid THA, using the Elite plus polyethylene cemented cup together with the Corail fully hydroxyapatite-coated uncemented stem and a 28-mm alumina ceramic head. Patients and methods 132 consecutive reverse hybrid hip arthroplasties were performed from January 2000 to December 2003 in 126 patients with a mean age of 54.3 years (28-65). All patients were routinely reviewed at 3 months, 1, 5, 7 and 10 years postoperatively. At each follow-up patients were seen either by a consultant orthopaedic surgeon or a senior trainee. Anteroposterior pelvic and lateral x-rays of the hip were taken at each visit. To estimate the survival of the THAs we used the Kaplan-Meier method with 95% confidence interval (CI). Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which factors affected the presence of radiolucency around the femoral stem. Results The mean follow-up was 11.1 years (9.0-14.2). 1 patient was lost to follow-up, and 7 patients were deceased at the time of 10-year follow up. At 10 years 7 patients have had further surgery. 5 for infection, 1 periprosthetic femoral fracture and 1 heterotopic bone formation. All stems were classified as well fixed. 2 cups were defined as loose at 10 years. 1 patient is scheduled for revision the other refused revision. The clinical outcome and radiological findings were assessed in 123 hips. The mean Harris Hip Score was 94 (35-100) at 10 years and the mean WOMAC score was 89 (30.2-100). Conclusions We report good results with respect to clinical outcome and survival of the reverse hybrid concept in patients younger than 65. A successful outcome depends on meticulous preoperative planning, use of modern cementing techniques in the acetabulum and experience in implanting an uncemented stem.
Bikini versus Traditional Incision Direct Anterior Approach: Is There any Difference in Soft Tissue Damage?
Authors: Lanting Brent A. , Hartley Kirk C. , Raffoul Adam J. , Burkhart Timothy A. , Sommerville Lyndsay , Martin Glynn R. , Howard James L. , Johnson Marjorie 
Published: February 2017

Introduction The direct anterior approach for total hip replacements has reported advantages of improved early function and muscle preservation. In an effort to improve healing and cosmesis, a change in the orientation of the incision has been proposed. Traditionally, the skin incision is in-line with the tensor fasciae latae muscle belly. The bikini incision is orthogonal to this orientation. The hypothesis was that muscle damage would be increased by using the bikini incision. Methods A traditional or bikini incision was performed on 18 cadaveric hips. On each of the 9 specimens, the traditional incision was performed on 1 side, and a bikini incision on the contralateral hip, with an even distribution of right or left side. Blinded anatomists performed the hip dissections, and assessed for muscle damage as well as for damage to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. Results No difference in muscle damage was identified in the tensor fasciae latae between muscle groups. Muscle damage was very minimal to the gluteus medius and minimus. Damage to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve occurred equally for both the bikini and traditional skin incisions. Conclusions The bikini incision for the direct anterior approach to the hip can be performed safely, with no increase in muscle damage or damage to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve compared to the traditional incision.
The Cup-Cage Reconstruction for Pelvic Discontinuity has Encouraging Patient Satisfaction and Functional Outcome at Median 6-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Konan Sujith , Duncan Clive P. , Masri Bassam A. , Garbuz Donald S. 
Published: February 2017

Introduction The aim of this study was to review the clinical, radiological and patient-reported outcomes with the use of cup-cage construct for pelvic discontinuity at our institution. Methods 24 patients were identified at median 6-year (minimum 2 year, maximum 10 years) follow-up. 1 patient was converted to excision arthroplasty for infection. A further 3 patients required revision for instability but the cup-cage construct was not revised. Results We noted encouraging pain relief (mean WOMAC pain 85.6) and good functional outcome (mean WOMAC function 78.2, mean UCLA 5, mean OHS 78.6). Patient satisfaction with regards pain relief, function and return to recreational activities were noted to be good. Conclusions The cup-cage construct is a viable method of dealing with complex pelvic discontinuity. However, the failure rate due to loosening (4 cases) in this and other reports does prompt the need for further refinement of the technique and technology in this very challenging group of patients, as well as continued evaluation at the mid- and long-term so as to confirm the ongoing success of this method of reconstruction.
Early cannulation graft Flixene™ for conventional and complex hemodialysis access creation
Authors: Hinojosa Carlos A. , Soto-Solis Saul , Olivares-Cruz Sandra , Laparra-Escareno Hugo , Gomez-Arcive Zeniff , Anaya-Ayala Javier E. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose The Flixene™ (Atrium™, Hudson, NH) is a trilaminate composite polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft that allows access within 72 hours. We evaluate our initial experience with this device for conventional and complex hemodialysis access creation. Methods Retrospective review in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who underwent access creation with Flixene from January 2013 to July 2014. For our analysis, the patients were divided in two groups: those with complex access configurations tunneled in the chest and/or abdominal wall (thoraco-abdominal wall access [TAWA]), and those tunneled in conventional sites (extremity access [EA]). Patient's demographics, indications, complications, reinterventions, patency rates and factors influencing outcomes were evaluated. Results In 19 patients (54% men; mean age 44 years ± 18), 24 grafts were implanted, (13 EA [54%] vs. 11 TAWA), all patent after surgery. Central venous occlusive disease (CVOD) was present in all patients with TAWA and in 7/13 (54%) EA patients (p = 0.016). Early cannulation (within 72 hours) was successful in 12 EA and 5 TAWA grafts (p = 0.044). Complication rates including infection, thrombosis, bleeding and steal syndrome were 8/11 (73%) in TAWA and 5/13 (38%) in EA (p = 0.02). At 12 months, primary patency rates for EA and TAWA were 25% and 41%; secondary patency rates were 55% and 41%, respectively. Conclusions Early cannulation (EC) grafts are viable alternatives for conventional and complex access creation that allowed early cannulation (<72 hours) in 17 (70%) of our cases. Primary and secondary patency rates at 12 months were equivalent to data reported on ePTFE grafts.
Factors influencing dialysis arteriovenous graft survival
Authors: Valerianova Anna , Kudlicka Jaroslav , Chytilova Eva , Grauova Barbora , Krupickova Zdislava , Malik Jan 
Published: February 2017

Purpose Dysfunction and loss of patency of dialysis arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) are serious causes of morbidity in patients on dialysis. Various risk factors associated with shorter AVG patency have been blamed, but the results of the studies were controversial. The aim of this study was to assess if associated diseases, biochemical markers and other parameters associated with atherosclerosis influence patency of AVGs in a large vascular access centre. Methods We conducted a retrospective study that included patients with AVGs patent for at least 3 weeks after creation. We included variables associated with atherosclerosis into the analysis (coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic heart failure, arterial hypertension, smoking history and cholesterol and triglyceride levels) and characteristics of the graft (shape, feeding artery). The data was assessed using log-rank (Cox-Mantel) test. The differences were shown using Kaplan-Meier graphs. The observation period was limited to 1000 days after access creation. Results Overall, 338 patients were included in the study. Significantly higher risk of access failure was associated with presence of coronary artery disease (p = 0.0035). Higher serum cholesterol levels were associated with longer survival of the graft in 1000 days of surveillance (p = 0.04). Conclusions Coronary artery disease negatively influences the cumulative patency of vascular access. Higher serum cholesterol levels are associated with lower AVG failure risk over a 1000-day period, which probably corresponds to the worse disease status of the patients with lower cholesterol values.