bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-negative least-squares variance and covariance component estimation using the positive-valued function for errors-in-variables models
Authors: Zhipeng LV 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough (co)variance component estimation has been widely applied in the errors-in-variables (EIV) model, the occurrence of negative variance components is still a major issue in the estimated variance components. This problem may be due to the following unfavorable factors: 1) unreasonable selection of initial variance values; 2) low redundancy in the EIV functional model; 3) improper design in the EIV stochastic model, and 4) other data quality problems. Many attempts have been made to prevent the appearance of negative variance components. In this contribution, a novel and efficient non-negative least-squares variance component estimation using the PVF (PVF-NLS-VCE) is introduced, which can simultaneously estimate the unknown (co)variance components in the EIV stochastic model and the parameters in the EIV functional model. Its principle is to implicitly impose a non-negative constraint by replacing the variance component with the positive-valued function (PVF) whose range is the set of positive real numbers. Two numerical examples using real and simulated data are presented. The numerical results of linear regression are identical to those obtained based on least-squares variance component estimation (LS-VCE) with positive initial values of variance components. The numerical results of two-dimensional affine transformation are shown to prevent negative variance components and precede those obtained by LS-VCE with a negative initial value of variance component. Both numerical examples verify the effectiveness of the PVF-NLS-VCE method whether the initial values of variance components are positive or negative. The proposed PVF-NLS-VCE is a simple, convenient and flexible method to achieve the non-negative estimates of variance components, which can reduce sensitivity to initial value selection and automatically guarantee a non-negative definite covariance matrix.
From Global Uncertainties to Planetary Insecurities
Authors: Peoples Columba 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines in greater detail how and why forms of ‘planetary insecurity’ such as climate change can be argued to provoke crisis for the study of International Relations (IR) and security. The notion that threats might exist that are, metaphorically, ‘beyond’ the international is not entirely new, as established usage of concepts such as ‘Global Uncertainties’ and ‘Global (In)Security’ attest to. However, more recent turns to considerations of ‘the planetary’ within and wider than IR and security scholarship suggest that even those concepts are insufficient to capture the significance of climatic and ecological crisis. The chapter makes the case that the emergence of ‘the planetary’ thus constitutes a more fundamental crisis for the types of linear thinking that have traditionally underpinned modern understandings of IR and security; and that it also intersects with questions, concepts, and issues of technopolitics and geoengineering that warrant further consideration and investigation.
A novel tauopathy model mimicking molecular and spatial aspects of human tau pathology
Authors: Yanai Rin , Mitani Tomoki T , Susaki Etsuo A , Minamihisamatsu Takeharu , Shimojo Masafumi , Saito Yuri , Mizuma Hiroshi , Nitta Nobuhiro , Kaneda Daita , Hashizume Yoshio , Matsumoto Gen , Tanemura Kentaro , Zhang Ming-Rong , Higuchi Makoto , Ueda Hiroki R , Sahara Naruhiko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Creating a mouse model that recapitulates human tau pathology is essential for developing strategies to intervene in tau-induced neurodegeneration. However, mimicking the pathological features seen in human pathology often involves a trade-off with artificial effects such as unexpected gene insertion and neurotoxicity from the expression system. To overcome these issues, we developed the rTKhomo mouse model by combining a transgenic CaMKII-tTA system with a P301L mutated 1N4R human tau knock-in at the Rosa26 locus with a C57BL/6J background. This model closely mimics human tau pathology, particularly in the hippocampal CA1 region, showing age-dependent tau accumulation, neuronal loss and neuroinflammation. Notably, whole-brain 3D staining and light-sheet microscopy revealed a spatial gradient of tau deposition from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus, similar to the spatial distribution of Braak neurofibrillary tangle staging. Furthermore, [18F]PM-PBB3 positron emission tomography imaging enabled the quantification and live monitoring of tau deposition. The rTKhomo mouse model shows potential as a promising next-generation preclinical tool for exploring the mechanisms of tauopathy and for developing interventions targeting the spatial progression of tau pathology.
Enhanced Fyn-tau and NR2B-PSD95 interactions in epileptic foci in experimental models and human epilepsy
Authors: Putra Marson , Rao Nikhil S , Gardner Cara , Liu Guanghao , Trommater Jordan , Bunney Michael , Gage Meghan , Bassuk Alexander G , Hefti Marco , Lee Gloria , Thippeswamy Thimmasettappa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease share some common pathologies such as neurodegeneration, seizures and impaired cognition. However, the molecular mechanisms of these changes are still largely unknown. Fyn, a Src-family non-receptor tyrosine kinase (SFK), and its interaction with tau in mediating brain pathology in epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease can be a potential therapeutic target for disease modification. Although Fyn and tau pathology occurs in both Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy, the dynamics of Fyn-tau and PSD95-NR2B interactions affected by seizures and their impact on brain pathology in epilepsy have not been investigated. In this study, we demonstrate a significant increase of Fyn-tau interactions following seizure induction by kainate in both acute and chronic rodent models and in human epilepsy. In the early phase of epileptogenesis, we show increased Fyn/tau/NR2B/PSD95/neuronal nitric oxide synthase complexes after status epilepticus and a postsynaptic increase of phosphorylated tau (pY18 and AT8), Fyn (pSFK-Y416), NMDAR (pNR2B-Y1472) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Hippocampal proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation revealed a sustained increase of Fyn-tau and NR2B-PSD95 complexes/binding in rat chronic epilepsy at 3 months post-status epilepticus. Enhanced Fyn-tau complexes strongly correlated with the frequency of spontaneously recurring convulsive seizures and epileptiform spikes in the chronic epilepsy model. In human epileptic brains, we also identified increased Fyn-tau and NR2B-PSD95 complexes, tau phosphorylation (pY18 and AT8) and Fyn activation (pSFK-Y416), implying the translational and therapeutic potential of these molecular interactions. In tau knockout mice and in rats treated with a Fyn/SFK inhibitor saracatinib, we found a significant reduction of phosphorylated Fyn, tau (AT8 in saracatinib-treated), NR2B and neuronal nitric oxide synthase and their interactions (Fyn-tau and NR2B-PSD95 in saracatinib-treated group; NR2B-PSD95 in tau knockout group). The reduction of Fyn-tau and NR2B-PSD95 interactions in the saracatinib-treated group, in contrast to the vehicle-treated group, correlated with the modification in seizure progression in the rat chronic epilepsy model. These findings from animal models and human epilepsy provide evidence for the role of Fyn-tau and NR2B-PSD95 interactions in seizure-induced brain pathology and suggest that blocking such interactions could modify the progression of epilepsy.
Successful calcium modification of a large calcified nodule using shockwave intravascular lithotripsy in the setting of acute coronary syndrome: a case report
Authors: Al Nooryani Arif A , Sianos George , Abdelrahman Nagwa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Calcified nodules are associated with suboptimal preparation before stenting due to challenging crossing and unsuccessful pre-dilation and calcium cracking with conventional balloons. In this scenario, we report the use of shockwave intravascular lithotripsy for the successful lesion preparation of an undilatable and challenging calcified nodule in a patient presenting with ACS.

Case summary
We report a case of a 79-year-old male patient presented with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography revealed 90% stenosis in the proximal segment of the right coronary artery, with a hazy area of inhomogeneous contrast. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging identified a large eccentric calcified nodule, with a minimum luminal area (MLA) of 4.18 mm2. Rotablation was done with a ROTAPRO Atherectomy System, post-rotablation IVUS showed no plaque modification. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) was performed with the emission of 50 pulses. Post-IVL, IVUS showed that the calcium nodule was successfully cracked with increased MLA to 6.8 mm2. The lesion was pre-dilated with a cutting balloon and stented using a SYNERGY MEGATRON stent and post-dilated with a non-compliant balloon with good final angiographic result and TIMI Grade 3 flow. Post-stenting IVUS confirmed optimal stent apposition and expansion with an MLA of 11.9 mm2.

Discussion
In severely calcified lesions, like calcified nodules, lesion preparation before stenting is pivotal for optimal long-term outcomes. As demonstrated in this case, IVL can be used safely in the setting of ACS not only to treat superficial and deep calcium layers but also to crack a large, calcified nodule, after failure of rotablation.
Creating and Managing Transactions and Budgets: Analysis of Marketplace Descriptions and Functionality Review of Budgeting Apps
Authors: Alenazi Mariam , Sas Corina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
While financial practises permeate our lives, the effective management of personal finance is not trivial, as indicated in the increasing number of commercial apps aimed to support budgeting. Such apps however have been limitedly explored, despite the growing HCI interest in financial practises. To address this gap, we present the functionality review of 45 top-rated budgeting apps from Google Play and Apple Store, together with an analysis of their descriptions on marketplaces. Findings indicate the value of richer, multimodal app descriptions, support for budgeting literacy and for stronger theoretical underpinning of these apps. They also highlight main functionalities for supporting different types of transactions and accounts, for entering and managing transactions, securing data, as well as for creating and managing budgets. We conclude with five design implications to better support each of these functionalities.
Effect of COVID-19 global lockdown on our Moon
Authors: Prasad K Durga , Ambily G 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Systematic investigation of lunar night-time temperatures can possibly be thought as a stable platform to study Earth's radiation budget and climate change as advocated earlier by several researchers. In this study, we report an interesting observation possibly of changing Earth's climate as experienced by the Moon, utilizing a rare and novel context of COVID-19 global lockdown. Lunar night-time surface temperatures of six different sites on the Moon's nearside were analysed during the period 2017–2023. Results showed an anomalous dip in the lunar night-time surface temperatures for all the sites during April–May 2020, the strict COVID-19 global lockdown period, when compared to the values of the same period during the previous and subsequent years. Since the terrestrial radiation has also showed a significant reduction during that time, the anomalous decrease observed in lunar surface temperatures is attributed to the COVID-19 global lockdown effect. Therefore, our study shows that the Moon has possibly experienced the effect of COVID-19 lockdown, visualized as an anomalous decrease in lunar night-time surface temperatures during that period. These results can be substantiated further from Moon-based observatories in future, thereby making them potential tools for observing Earth's environmental and climate changes.
Assessment of Food Addiction
Authors: Gearhardt Ashley N. , Loch Lucy K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) has proven to be a useful tool to operationally define food addiction based on the diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders. In 2016, the YFAS 2.0 was released to reflect changes to the substance use disorder diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5). Changes included the addition of new criteria and a dimensional scoring option. The YFAS 2.0 appears to have strong psychometric properties and has been translated and validated in multiple languages. The assessment of food addiction based on the DSM-5 for children and adolescents has thus far relied on a dimensional categorization that may be more sensitive to subclinical patterns of addictive eating. Important next steps in the assessment of food addiction based on the DSM-5 include the development of a diagnostic version of the YFAS 2.0 for children and adolescents, the development of structured clinical interviews for food addiction, and consideration of whether highly processed food addiction should be included in future versions of the DSM.
Food Addiction in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Burrows Tracy L. , Skinner Janelle A. , Jebeile Hiba 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As children age and grow, they progress through distinct stages characterized by cognitive and physical development alongside considerable changes around food intake, behaviors, and food preferences. Addictive eating behaviors are often assessed through self-report tools developed for younger ages, such as the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children, and children demonstrate an increasing amount of understanding of these behaviors especially in adolescent years. Categorization of addictive eating that affects day-to-day functioning, using these aforementioned tools, is variable. Childhood prevalence of food addiction ranges from 6% to 15% in the general population; however, higher levels can be seen in clinical population groups. Food addiction in children and adolescents shows associations with other disordered eating behaviors and poor psychosocial health, specifically binge eating, depression, and anxiety. Future insights would be gained from tracking addictive eating behaviors from childhood into adulthood to better understand the development and implications of environmental, lifestyle, and family factors.
Trauma and Food Addiction
Authors: Mason Susan M. , Emery Tavernier Rebecca L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Trauma, defined as “actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence,” is estimated to affect between 41% and 90% of individuals in their lifetime and, for many, may result in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Trauma and PTSD have been linked to a number of mental and physical health problems, including substance use disorders and disordered eating. Emerging evidence also shows an association between trauma and reports of symptoms of food addiction, Plausible mechanisms linking trauma to food addiction include (1) enhanced stress reactivity and/or difficulties with emotion regulation leading to reliance on food to alleviate distress; (2) trauma-related changes to brain architecture that increase reward-seeking and risk of addiction; and (3) trauma-related endocrine disruptions that affect appetite and satiety. This chapter reviews the evidence of links from trauma to food addiction and related disorders, discusses the evidence for hypothesized mechanisms linking trauma to food addiction, and considers potential clinical implications.
Prenatal Contributions to the Development of Food Addiction
Authors: Camacho-Morales Alberto 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Prenatal programming is a developmental stage where integration and response to external or internal stimuli might modulate physiological outcomes after birth. During programming the fetus is exposed to the mother’s hormonal, metabolic, and immune environments, allowing physiological adaptations. However, negative stimuli during the prenatal stage may generate aberrant profiles in the offspring, including addiction vulnerability. Addiction is a maladaptive behavior for the number of rewards integrated by the mesolimbic and mesocortical circuits. While still under investigation, preclinical and clinical studies have documented several external stimuli setting the prenatal programming of food addiction behavior in the offspring. For instance, food addiction might be primed by prenatal exposure to high-energy-dense diets, stress, or by maternal immune activation. Here, we add the most relevant scientific evidence supporting the effect of prenatal programming by external stimuli on brain reward responses during food addiction in the offspring.
Neurobiology of Binge Eating Disorder and Implications for Food Addiction
Authors: Stefanovics Elina A. , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) has an estimated lifetime prevalence of 0.85%–2.8% among U.S. adults and 2% globally. BED shares characteristics with addictive behaviors including food addiction (FA). FA is a multidimensional construct involving overconsumption of hyper-palatable foods in the setting of adverse consequences. Despite similarities, BED and FA represent unique constructs. Here, published studies examining neurobiological characteristics associated with BED and FA are examined. Animal and human studies demonstrate that food high in fat and sugar may produce neural responses similar to those associated with addictive drugs, suggesting relationships between binge eating and substance use behaviors. Animal studies implicate cortico-striatal circuitry as underlying these behaviors. BED is associated with abnormalities in cognitive processes and related domains including impulsivity, compulsivity, executive functioning, attention, and decision-making. Like in preclinical models, the prefrontal cortex and striatum have been implicated in human studies of BED and FA. Further, FA features in individuals with BED have implications for treatment outcomes. Understanding common elements—as may be reflected in transdiagnostic features like impulsivity and compulsivity—and unique differences between BED and FA is important. FA represents an important related and independent construct. Understanding how FA relates to BED and vice versa, including at neurobiological levels, should promote intervention development and implementation.
Psychological, Behavioral, and Pharmacological Treatments for Binge Eating Disorder
Authors: Chao Ariana M. , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Several similarities have been noted between the “loss-of-control” features of binge eating disorder (BED) and behaviors related to substance and non-substance addictions, leading to suggestions that understanding commonalities and divergences from addiction models may be useful to inform treatment approaches for BED. Moreover, a rapidly growing area of research has examined the construct of “food addiction,” which also grew out of clinical observations regarding parallels with substance and non-substance use addiction models. This chapter provides an overview of psychological/behavioral and pharmacological treatments for BED and addictions, and it describes key implications of using an addiction perspective in the treatment of BED. These include consideration of addiction perspectives such as abstinence, harm reduction, and views that BED is a brain-based disease, chronic, and relapsing. Careful consideration and further evaluation are needed to evaluate the relevance of addiction concepts and models for BED treatment.
Food Marketing and Neural Mechanisms Implicated in Addiction
Authors: Yokum Sonja 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically over the past decades. The overabundance of inexpensive foods that are high in sugar, fat, salt, and calories, and the widespread marketing of these foods, are thought to contribute to unhealthy diets and subsequent unhealthy weight gain. Over the past few years, neuroimaging studies have begun to explore neural responses to unhealthy food and beverage advertisements to elucidate the mechanisms through which these advertisements stimulate overconsumption. The current chapter highlights research that examined the impact of unhealthy food marketing on the reward and motivation circuitry in the brain, and certain neurodevelopmental and neurobiological factors that increase risk for overconsumption upon unhealthy food marketing exposure. Essential next steps in neuroimaging research on food marketing are provided.
Addictive-like Overeating and Undereating
Authors: Hebebrand Johannes , Gradl-Dietsch Gertraud , Antel Jochen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Both those with extreme obesity and anorexia nervosa (AN) are entrapped in their eating behavior and the associated cognitions and emotions. An overarching approach spanning these two disorders at the opposite ends of the distribution of the body mass index serves to highlight the necessity to search for potential endocrine or other endogenous mediators of both addictive-like overeating and undereating. The successful treatment of congenital leptin deficiency (CLD) with human recombinant leptin serves as a reminder that addictive-like overeating can have a biological basis. Similarly, rodent models for AN and promising case studies of patients with this eating disorder again point to a potential therapeutic role of human recombinant leptin. These encouraging results may help to transcend the current debate contrasting substance with non-substance–based addictive-like overeating.
Disordered Eating and the Brain
Authors: Westwater Margaret L. , Ziauddeen Hisham , Fletcher Paul C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Food addiction remains a popular yet controversial construct, which proposes that overeating and obesity arise from the consumption of “addictive” foods. This model rests on the assumption that foods, or their constituent macronutrients, elicit pharmacological effects on the brain analogous to those produced by addictive drugs. However, there has been no critical examination of whether the key pharmacological characteristics of addictive substances truly extend to food. In this chapter, we consider if two proposed addictive components of food, sugar and dietary fat, recapitulate the pharmacological properties of drugs, such as their impact on mesolimbic dopamine release. We find no convincing evidence to support the classification of sugar or dietary fats as addictive substances, particularly as addictive-like consumption in animals arises from orosensory effects alone. We caution against the implementation of food addiction as an explanation for disordered eating.
Geographic Crossings/Earth
Authors: Pintchman Tracy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces readers to the Hindu village goddesses Mariamman and Karumariamman in Tamil Nadu, India. It then describes how Dr. Krishna Kumar and his associates are inspired to bring Karumariamman to Pontiac, Michigan and establish there a temple to her. In Pontiac, Karumariamman assumes the form of Parashakthi, the Divine Mother who transcends all boundaries and has come to the West to protect humans in America and beyond from demonic forces, and to make her grace available to all those in the Western world who seek it. The chapter engages notions of translocality, dwelling, crossing, space, and place, and it introduces the idea of neoterritorialization.