bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscular mechanical hyperalgesia after lengthening contractions in rats depends on stretch velocity and range of motion
Authors: Hayashi K. , Katanosaka K. , Abe M. , Yamanaka A. , Nosaka K. , Mizumura K. , Taguchi T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe current study investigated stretch variables and mechanical factors of lengthening contractions (LC) in the processes leading to muscular mechanical hyperalgesia in rats to understand mechanisms underpinning delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS).MethodsUnder isoflurane anaesthesia, ankle extensor muscles were loaded with repetitive LC with angular stretch velocities (50°, 100°, 200° and 400°/s) at a fixed range of motion (ROM) of 90°, and with ROMs (30°, 60°, 90° and 120°) at a fixed velocity of 200°/s.ResultsMechanical hyperalgesia was observed in a velocity‐ and ROM‐dependent manner. Under the fixed ROM, integrated torque generated during LC (iTq[max]) was inversely correlated with the velocity, but the rate of torque increase during LC (rTq[max]) was positively and significantly correlated with the velocity, and the magnitude of hyperalgesia was correlated with rTq[max] (p < 0.001). When the velocity was fixed, iTq[max] was significantly correlated with ROM, and the magnitude of hyperalgesia was correlated with iTq[max] (p < 0.01). Necrotic myofibres were observed only sparsely (<0.8%) after any of the LC protocols tested. Up‐regulation of nerve growth factor and glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in the muscle was positively correlated with the increases in the LC velocity and ROM (p < 0.05~0.001).ConclusionsBoth velocity and ROM are pivotal variables determining the initiation of mechanical hyperalgesia. Neurotrophic factor‐mediated peripheral mechanisms, but apparently not inflammatory changes caused by myofibre damage, are responsible for the mechanical hyperalgesia.SignificanceMechanical hyperalgesia appears after LC in a stretch velocity‐ and range of motion‐dependent manner. The rate of torque increase and integrated torque are the crucial factors. Neurotrophic factor‐mediated peripheral pain mechanisms without robust inflammatory changes caused by myofibre damage were required for this mechanical hyperalgesia.
Sensitivity analysis applied to a variational data assimilation of a simulated pollution transport problem
Authors: Le Dimet F.‐X. , Souopgui I. , Ngodock H. E. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryUnderstanding the impact of the changes in pollutant emission from a foreign region onto a target region is a key factor for taking appropriate mitigating actions. This requires a sensitivity analysis of a response function (defined on the target region) with respect to the source(s) of pollutant(s). The basic and straightforward approach to sensitivity analysis consists of multiple simulations of the pollution transport model with variations of the parameters that define the source of the pollutant. A more systematic approach uses the adjoint of the pollution transport model derived from applying the principle of variations. Both approaches assume that the transport velocity and the initial distribution of the pollutant are known. However, when observations of both the velocity and concentration fields are available, the transport velocity and the initial distribution of the pollutant are given by the solution of a data assimilation problem. As a consequence, the sensitivity analysis should be carried out on the optimality system of the data assimilation problem, and not on the direct model alone. This leads to a sensitivity analysis that involves the second‐order adjoint model, which is presented in the present work. It is especially shown theoretically and with numerical experiments that the sensitivity on the optimality system includes important terms that are ignored by the sensitivity on the direct model. The latter shows only the direct effects of the variation of the source on the response function while the first shows the indirect effects in addition to the direct effects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geologic carbon sequestration injection wells in overpressured storage reservoirs: estimating area of review
Authors: Oldenburg Curtis M. , Cihan Abdullah , Zhou Quanlin , Fairweather Stacey , Spangler Lee H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Area of Review (AoR) under the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Class VI CO2 injection permit is defined as the region surrounding the geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) project where underground sources of drinking water (USDWs) may be endangered. Estimation of the AoR is based on the calculated reservoir pressurization due to CO2 injection and the associated potential to lift saline water into potable groundwater aquifers through open flow paths (e.g. wells) assuming the system is hydrostatic. In cases where the storage reservoirs are not initially hydrostatic, and in particular where they are overpressured, AoR estimation methods need to be altered. In this paper, we present and apply an approach to evaluating potential endangerment of USDW based on comparing brine leakage through a hypothetical open flow path in a no‐injection scenario and brine leakage in a CO2‐injection scenario. We present six possible ways to normalize injection‐related leakage relative to no‐injection leakage. We calculate leakage using semi‐analytical solutions for single‐phase flow and model reservoir pressurization and flow up (single) leaky wells located progressively farther from the injection well. For an example case of relative overpressure and using an injection‐rate‐based approach, results show 50‒60% larger open‐well‐leakage rates for wells located at 2 km and 10% increase for wells located at 10 km from the injection well relative to the no‐injection case. If total brine leakage is considered, the results depend strongly on the assumed pre‐injection to post‐injection time frames and on the methods of normalization used to calculate incremental leakage. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
In vivo delineation of subdivisions of the human amygdaloid complex in a high‐resolution group template
Authors: Tyszka J. Michael , Pauli Wolfgang M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe nuclei of the human amygdala remain difficult to distinguish in individual subject structural magnetic resonance images. However, interpretation of the amygdala's role in whole brain networks requires accurate localization of functional activity to a particular nucleus or subgroup of nuclei. To address this, high spatial resolution, three‐dimensional templates, using joint high accuracy diffeomorphic registration of T1‐ and T2‐weighted structural images from 168 typical adults between 22 and 35 years old released by the Human Connectome Project were constructed. Several internuclear boundaries are clearly visible in these templates, which would otherwise be impossible to delineate in individual subject data. A probabilistic atlas of major nuclei and nuclear groups was constructed in this template space and mapped back to individual spaces by inversion of the individual diffeomorphisms. Group level analyses revealed a slight (∼2%) bias toward larger total amygdala and nuclear volumes in the right hemisphere. No substantial sex or age differences were found in amygdala volumes normalized to total intracranial volume, or subdivision volumes normalized to amygdala volume. The current delineation provides a finer parcellation of the amygdala with more accurate external boundary definition than current histology‐based atlases when used in conjunction with high accuracy registration methods, such as diffeomorphic warping. These templates and delineation are intended to be an open and evolving resource for future functional and structural imaging studies of the human amygdala.Hum Brain Mapp 37:3979–3998, 2016. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Indolent T‐ and NK‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: a review and update
Authors: Matnani Rahul , Ganapathi Karthik A. , Lewis Suzanne K. , Green Peter H. , Alobeid Bachir , Bhagat Govind 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPrimary gastrointestinal (GI) T‐ and NK‐cell lymphomas are usually aggressive neoplasms associated with high morbidity and mortality. Over the past two decades, however, cases of primary GI lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) or lymphomas of T‐ or NK‐cell derivation with indolent behavior have been reported. These LPDs are rare and they can be challenging to diagnose as they share clinical and pathological features with both, inflammatory disorders and aggressive T‐ and NK‐cell lymphomas. Primary, indolent clonal T‐cell proliferations of the GI tract, which can be CD4+, CD8+ or CD4− CD8−, have been included as a provisional entity in the newly revised World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphoid neoplasms and designated ‘indolent T‐cell LPD of the GI tract’. It is currently unclear whether the indolent NK‐cell LPDs represent reactive or neoplastic proliferations. In this review, we describe the clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic and genetic features of indolent GI T‐ and NK‐cell LPDs and provide guidance in differentiating them from other inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. We believe that greater awareness of these LPDs amongst physicians and the research community will lead to timely and accurate diagnoses, stimulate investigations into the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying different entities thereby enhancing our understanding of disease biology and enable the development of effective therapeutic regimens. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response to 5‐azacytidine in a patient with TET2‐mutated angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia preceded by an EBV‐positive large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Saillard Colombe , Guermouche Helene , Derrieux Coralie , Bruneau Julie , Frenzel Laurent , Couronne Lucile , Asnafi Vahid , Macintyre Elizabeth , Trinquand Amélie , Lhermitte Ludovic , Molina Thierry , Suarez Felipe , Lemonnier Francois , Kosmider Olivier , Delarue Richard , Hermine Olivier , Cheminant Morgane 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe report the case of a patient with a history of Epstein–Barr virus‐positive large B‐cell lymphoma, who relapsed with an angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) associated with a chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML). We performed targeted next‐generation sequencing on CMML and AITL DNA, which revealed mutations of TET2, DNMT3A, SRSF2, NRAS and IDH1, thus confirming that the spectrum of AITL mutations share similarities with myeloid disorders. The frequencies of TET2/DNMT3A and SRSF2 variants could support the hypothesis that TET2/DNMT3A mutations occurred in an early progenitor cell, which later progressed to both the AITL and CMML clones. Treatment with 5‐azacytidine led to the complete remission of both diseases. Thus, targeting DNA methylation abnormalities in AITL may be an alternative strategy to chemotherapy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Andes Cordillera. Part I: snow distribution, properties, and trends (1979–2014)
Authors: Mernild Sebastian H. , Liston Glen E. , Hiemstra Christopher A. , Malmros Jeppe K. , Yde Jacob C. , McPhee James 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTSnow cover presence, duration, properties, and water amount play a major role in Earth's climate system through its impact on the surface energy budget. Snow cover conditions and trends (1979–2014) were simulated for South America – for the entire Andes Cordillera. Recent data sets and SnowModel developments allow relatively high‐resolutions of 3‐h time step and 4‐km horizontal grid increment for this domain. US Geological Survey's Global Multi‐resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 topography, Global Land Cover (GlobCover), Randolph Glacier Inventory (v. 4.0) glacier, and NASA modern‐era retrospective analysis for research and applications data sets were used to simulate first‐order atmospheric forcing (e.g. near‐surface air temperature and precipitation, including the fraction of precipitation falling as snow) and terrestrial snow characteristics (e.g. snow cover days, snow water equivalent depth, and snow density). Simulated snow conditions were verified against moderate‐resolution imaging spectroradiometer‐derived snow cover extent and 3064 individual direct observations of snow depths. Regional variability in mean annual air temperature occurred: positive trends in general were seen in the high Andes Cordillera, and negative trends at relatively lower elevations both east and west of the Cordillera. Snow precipitation showed more heterogeneous patterns than air temperature due to the influence from atmospheric conditions, topography, and orography. Overall, for the Cordillera, much of the area north of 23°S had a decrease in the number of snow cover days, while the southern half experienced the opposite. The snow cover extent changed ∼−15% during the simulation period, mostly between the elevations of ∼3000 and 5000 m above sea level (a.s.l.). However, below 1000 m a.s.l. (in Patagonia) the snow cover extent increased. The snow properties varied over short distances both along and across the Andes Cordillera.
Effect of nest location on gopher tortoise nest survival
Authors: Dziadzio Michelina C. , Smith Lora L. , Chandler Richard B. , Castleberry Steven B. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTGopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) populations are declining range‐wide primarily because of habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation, but low recruitment due to nest predation also may be contributing to this decline. The relationship of nest location and nest survival is unknown. Therefore, our objective was to determine whether nest location influenced depredation risk and potential recruitment success. Between 30 May 2013 and 3 September 2014, we constructed and monitored 105 artificial gopher tortoise nests (45 in 2013 and 60 in 2014) with 35 nests at each of 3 classifications of nest sites: within active burrow aprons (i.e., the mound of sand at the burrow entrance), inactive burrow aprons, and open sandy sites. Using the artificial nests, we investigated the influence of nest site classification, distance to road, and prescribed fire frequency (<1 year and 1 year since burn) on gopher tortoise nest survival. Additionally, we monitored 21 natural nests at burrow aprons to assess predation patterns as compared to artificial nests. Seventy‐two (57%) of 126 nests were fully depredated during the study, and predation rates at artificial and natural nests were similar. We identified predators at 48 nests using trail cameras; the nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) was the primary nest predator (69%). Nests in open sandy areas away from burrows exhibited greater daily survival rates (DSR; 0.991 ± 0.005 SE) compared to nests in burrow aprons (active burrow aprons: 0.967 ± 0.018; inactive burrow aprons: 0.949 ± 0.027). Additionally, nests at locations burned the year of the study had a lower chance of survival (DSR: 0.959 ± 0.022) than nests at locations burned the previous year (DSR: 0.991 ± 0.005). Management practices that maintain open sandy areas (e.g., prescribed fire) away from burrows may increase tortoise nest survival. Fire return intervals of >1 year that are implemented frequently enough to maintain open sandy areas would be beneficial to nesting tortoises. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Miniemulsion Polymerization Monitoring Using Off‐Line Raman Spectroscopy and In‐Line NIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Ambrogi Paula Maria Nogueira , Colmán Maria Magdalena Espinola , Giudici Reinaldo 
Published: June 2016

Miniemulsion polymerization has been extensively studied in the last decade due to its advantages when compared with conventional emulsion polymerization. In this work, monomer conversion and particle size are monitored during miniemulsion polymerization of styrene using in‐line near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and at‐line Raman spectroscopy. Gravimetric analysis and dynamic light scattering have been used as off‐line reference measurements. Good agreement has been found between off‐line data and the values predicted by NIR and Raman spectroscopy for conversion. The values of average particle size are well predicted from the NIR spectra with the respective calibration model, but the predictions from Raman spectra present some slight discrepancies for particle size. The results show a decrease of the average particle size during the initial period of the polymerization, indicating the occurrence of nucleation mechanisms other than the classical droplet nucleation. These results indicate that insightful information can be obtained by monitoring miniemulsion polymerizations with the use of spectroscopic techniques.
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Preceptor characteristics and the socialization outcomes of new graduate nurses during a preceptorship programme
Authors: Lalonde Michelle , McGillis Hall Linda 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between preceptor characteristics (emotional intelligence, personality and cognitive intelligence) and new graduate nurse socialization outcomes regarding turnover intent, job satisfaction, role conflict and ambiguity during a preceptorship programme. To date, no studies have explored these relationships.DesignA cross‐sectional and multi‐site design with purposeful sampling.MethodsDyads of preceptors and new nurses were recruited at the end of their preceptorship programme. Pearson's correlational analysis was used to examine the relationships.ResultsA sample of 41 preceptors and 44 new graduate nurses participated in this study, making 38 dyads with complete data. The preceptor personality traits of openness, conscientiousness and emotional stability were significantly related to new graduate nurses who reported greater turnover intent, job dissatisfaction, role conflict and ambiguity. No significant relationships were noted between preceptor EI and IQ and the outcome of new graduate nurses.
Maternal plasma n‐3 and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations during pregnancy and subcutaneous fat mass in infancy
Authors: Jelena Vidakovic Aleksandra , Santos Susana , Williams Michelle A. , Duijts Liesbeth , Hofman Albert , Demmelmair Hans , Koletzko Berthold , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Gaillard Romy 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveThe associations of maternal plasma n‐3 and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations during pregnancy with infant subcutaneous fat were examined.MethodsIn a population‐based prospective cohort study among 904 mothers and their infants, maternal plasma n‐3 and n‐6 PUFA concentrations were measured at midpregnancy. Body mass index, total subcutaneous fat, and central‐to‐total subcutaneous fat ratio were calculated at 1.5, 6, and 24 months.ResultsMaternal n‐3 PUFA levels were not consistently associated with infant body mass index or total subcutaneous fat. Higher maternal total n‐3 PUFA levels, and specifically eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, were associated with higher central‐to‐total subcutaneous fat ratio at 1.5 months, whereas higher maternal total n‐3 PUFA levels were associated with lower central‐to‐total subcutaneous fat ratio at 6 months (all P values < 0.05). These associations were not present at 24 months. Maternal n‐6 PUFA levels were not consistently associated with infant subcutaneous fat. A higher n‐6/n‐3 ratio was associated with lower central‐to‐total subcutaneous fat ratio at 1.5 months only (P value < 0.05).ConclusionsMaternal n‐3 PUFA levels during pregnancy may have transient effects on infant subcutaneous fat. Further studies are needed to assess the effects of maternal PUFA concentrations on fat mass development during early infancy.
Synthesis of polyolefin‐block‐polystyrene through sequential coordination and anionic polymerizations
Authors: Jeon Jong Yeob , Park Su Hyun , Kim Dong Hyun , Park Seung Soo , Park Geun Ho , Lee Bun Yeoul 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTTwo representative bulk polymers, polyolefin (PO) and polystyrene (PS), were molecularly connected to form PO‐block‐PS by sequentially performing coordination and anionic polymerizations in one pot. Ethylene/1‐octene copolymerization was performed using a typical ansa‐metallocene catalyst, rac‐[Me2Si(2‐methylindenyl)]2ZrCl2, in the presence of (benzyl)2zinc to grow PO‐chains at the Zn site. Anionic styrene polymerization was subsequently performed using nBuLi·(tmeda) (tmeda, N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine) initiator to consecutively grow PS‐chains at the Zn site. The composition and the molecular weight of the PO‐blocks were controllable depending on the feed amounts of 1‐octene and (benzyl)2zinc (1‐octene fraction: ∼20, ∼40 wt %; PO‐Mw, 77,000–174,000) and the PS‐block size was also controlled (PS‐Mn, ∼21,000) with the complete conversion of the styrene monomer. Formation of block copolymers was evident in the GPC curves, TEM images, and strain‐stress curves. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3110–3118
The Social Construction of a Reading (Dis)Ability
Authors: Kabuto Bobbie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article highlights one mother–son case study that was part of a larger study, Revaluing Readers and Families (Kabuto,,). Here the author focuses on how the mother, Terry, interpreted her 7‐year‐old son Peter's oral reading performances and how her interpretation led her to construct a label around a reading disability. Study data include interviews, observations of parent–child interactions, oral readings and retellings, and family retrospective miscue analysis. Data were analyzed using miscue analysis procedures to examine reading behaviors and also discourse analysis to study how language mediated the construction of and defended the culture of a reading disability within the family. Framed by a sociocultural‐historical theoretical foundation, the findings illustrate how Terry interpreted Peter's reading ability within a transgenerational space, which is a convergence zone so the past, present, and future come together to create a new space, or a living cultural space, that transcends the immediate moment. Results and findings from this mother–son case study question the nature and root of Peter's struggles with reading, moving it from being localized in the person to being a part of a social matrix defining a culture for the family. The author concludes by revisiting the concept of reading ability and addressing the implications of this research.