bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational Therapy Interventions for Adults With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Preissner Katharine , Arbesman Marian , Lieberman Deborah 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This Evidence Connection describes a case report of a woman with an exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS), applying the evidence for intervention from the systematic reviews on MS that were conducted in conjunction with the American Occupational Therapy Association’s (AOTA’s) Evidence-Based Practice Project. The occupational therapy assessment and treatment processes for an inpatient rehabilitation setting are described. Evidence Connection articles provide a clinical application of systematic reviews developed in conjunction with the AOTA’s Evidence-Based Practice Project.
Special Issue on Occupational Therapy for Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Powell Janet M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Awareness of the incidence and consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has increased in recent years, along with interest in knowing how best to treat this complex condition. This editorial provides an overview of the various factors that contribute to the complexity of TBI and introduces the six systematic reviews and one qualitative study included in this special issue of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy focusing on interventions for TBI from an occupational therapy perspective. Issues with the generation and interpretation of research evidence are discussed, along with the importance of valuing clinician expertise and client perspectives along with research findings in implementing evidence-based and evidence-informed practice.
Coming to Terms With the IMPACT Act of 2014
Authors: DeJong Gerben 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The Improving Medicare Post-Acute Transformation (IMPACT) Act of 2014 will set the course for much of postacute care well into the next decade. It (1) authorizes a uniform method of patient assessment in postacute care; (2) sets a timetable for developing, implementing, and reporting quality measures; and (3) lays the groundwork for future payment reform in postacute care. This article places the IMPACT Act into the larger arc of health care reform and change. It summarizes the law’s key provisions and presents a contrarian analysis of this much-heralded bipartisan legislation. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 already gives the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services the authority to implement what the IMPACT Act requires. The IMPACT Act may even slow down the changes envisioned in the ACA. The article concludes by noting the implications for occupational therapy both as a practice and a profession.
A moist aquaplanet variant of the Held–Suarez test for atmospheric model dynamical cores
Authors: Thatcher Diana R. , Jablonowski Christiane 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. A moist idealized test case (MITC) for atmospheric model dynamical cores is presented. The MITC is based on the Held–Suarez (HS) test that was developed for dry simulations on “a flat Earth” and replaces the full physical parameterization package with a Newtonian temperature relaxation and Rayleigh damping of the low-level winds. This new variant of the HS test includes moisture and thereby sheds light on the nonlinear dynamics–physics moisture feedbacks without the complexity of full-physics parameterization packages. In particular, it adds simplified moist processes to the HS forcing to model large-scale condensation, boundary-layer mixing, and the exchange of latent and sensible heat between the atmospheric surface and an ocean-covered planet. Using a variety of dynamical cores of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)'s Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), this paper demonstrates that the inclusion of the moist idealized physics package leads to climatic states that closely resemble aquaplanet simulations with complex physical parameterizations. This establishes that the MITC approach generates reasonable atmospheric circulations and can be used for a broad range of scientific investigations. This paper provides examples of two application areas. First, the test case reveals the characteristics of the physics–dynamics coupling technique and reproduces coupling issues seen in full-physics simulations. In particular, it is shown that sudden adjustments of the prognostic fields due to moist physics tendencies can trigger undesirable large-scale gravity waves, which can be remedied by a more gradual application of the physical forcing. Second, the moist idealized test case can be used to intercompare dynamical cores. These examples demonstrate the versatility of the MITC approach and suggestions are made for further application areas. The new moist variant of the HS test can be considered a test case of intermediate complexity.
Surgical Outcomes in Children with Primary Congenital Glaucoma: A 20-Year Experience
Authors: Yassin Sanaa A. , Al-Tamimi Elham R. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose To describe demographic criteria of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) subjects and to evaluate the surgical outcomes of children who underwent angle surgery over a 20-year period. Methods This is a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with PCG who underwent trabeculotomy, trabeculectomy, or combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy (CTT). The surgery was considered to be successful if intraocular pressure (IOP) was 21 mm Hg or less with or without treatment. Results A total of 148 eyes (85 patients) were included in the study. The majority of the patients were younger than 6 months of age (78.9%), with a median age of 2 months. Sex distribution was relatively even between girls and boys (45:40) (53%/47%). Bilateral disease was seen in 63 patients (74%). The overall success rate was achieved in 80.4%. The majority of the eyes needed only one surgery (105 [70.9%]), 34 eyes (23.0%) needed 2 surgeries, and 7 eyes (4.7%) had 3 surgeries. There was no statistically significant difference in success rate between types of surgery and number of performed procedures. A progressive decline in success rate over time was evident, as success rate dropped from 96.6% at 5 months to less than 50% after 11 years of follow-up. Conclusions Excellent IOP control can be achieved in a majority of patients with equally effective results from all 3 surgical procedures. The surgical outcome of PCG was more favorable in infants presenting before the age of 6 months. Adjuvant topical antiglaucoma medications can augment the surgical success rate.
Turbulence in Blood Damage Modeling
Authors: Goubergrits Leonid , Osman Jan , Mevert Ricardo , Kertzscher Ulrich , Pöthkow Kai , Hege Hans-Christian 
Published: April 2016

Purpose To account for the impact of turbulence in blood damage modeling, a novel approach based on the generation of instantaneous flow fields from RANS simulations is proposed. Methods Turbulent flow in a bileaflet mechanical heart valve was simulated using RANS-based (SST k-ω) flow solver using FLUENT 14.5. The calculated Reynolds shear stress (RSS) field is transformed into a set of divergence-free random vector fields representing turbulent velocity fluctuations using procedural noise functions. To consider the random path of the blood cells, instantaneous flow fields were computed for each time step by summation of RSS-based divergence-free random and mean velocity fields. Using those instantaneous flow fields, instantaneous pathlines and corresponding point-wise instantaneous shear stresses were calculated. For a comparison, averaged pathlines based on mean velocity field and respective viscous shear stresses together with RSS values were calculated. Finally, the blood damage index (hemolysis) was integrated along the averaged and instantaneous pathlines using a power law approach and then compared. Results Using RSS in blood damage modeling without a correction factor overestimates damaging stress and thus the blood damage (hemolysis). Blood damage histograms based on both presented approaches differ. Conclusions A novel approach to calculate blood damage without using RSS as a damaging parameter is established. The results of our numerical experiment support the hypothesis that the use of RSS as a damaging parameter should be avoided.
Apically Extruded Debris during Root Canal Preparation using ProTaper Gold, ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, and RECIPROC Instruments
Authors: Cakici Fatih , Cakici Elif B. , küçükekenci Funda F. , Uygun Ahmet D. , Arslan Hakan 
Published: April 2016

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the amount of apically extruded debris during root canal preparation with ProTaper Gold (PTG) (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), ProTaper Universal (PTU) (Dentsply Maillefer), ProTaper Next (PTN) (Dentsply Maillefer), and RECIPROC (VDW, Munich, Germany) in curved canals. Methods Eighty human mandibular molar teeth were divided into 4 groups according to the system used for root canal preparation: PTG, PTU, PTN, and RECiPROC groups. The mean weight of extruded debris was statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey's test (a = 0.05). Results The PTU was associated with significantly more extruded debris than the PTG, PTN, and RECIPROC (p<0.05). The PTG was associated with significantly more extruded debris than the PTN and RECIPROC (p<0.05), whereas no significant difference was found between the RECIPROC and PTN (p>0.05). Conclusions All systems caused apical debris extrusion during curved canal preparations. However, the PTG, PTN, and RECIPROC systems resulted in significantly less debris extrusion than the PTU system.
Synthesis Variants of Quaternary Ammonium Polyethyleneimine Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Efficacy in Dental Materials
Authors: Zaltsman Nathan , Kesler-Shvero Dana , Weiss Ervin I. , Beyth Nurit 
Published: April 2016

Background Resin-based dental materials allow bacterial growth on their surface and lack antibacterial activity, leading to functional and esthetic failure. Quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine (QPEI) nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated in resin-based composite at 2% wt/wt have demonstrated prolonged and complete inhibition of bacterial growth. This study focused on optimization of QPEI NP synthesis to reduce the concentration required for bacterial growth inhibition. The objective here was to enhance antimicrobial efficacy by excess base neutralization, using phosphoric or hydrochloric acid, and by using surfactants. Methods QPEI NP variants were prepared (i) under controlled neutralization of acid, using NaHCO3, (ii) under controlled carbonate ion neutralization with HCl or H3PO4 and (iii) by treatment with N-lauroylsarcosine or glycerol monostearate. NPs incorporated in the dental materials were examined for their antibacterial effect against Enterococcus faecalis. Results Controlled addition of NaHCO3 resulted in modified QPEI NPs with an increased ability to inhibit bacterial growth. Surface treatment with N-lauroylsarcosine resulted in enhanced antibacterial activity at 0.5% wt/wt concentration in acrylate and epoxy resin-based dental materials. Conclusions The antimicrobial efficacy of QPEI NP may be improved significantly by controlling the addition of NaHCO3, neutralization of excess base and the surface-agent effect.
Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty for the Treatment of Thoracic Fractures in Osteoporotic Patients: A Finite Element Comparative Analysis
Authors: Ottardi Claudia , La Barbera Luigi , Pietrogrande Luca , Villa Tomaso 
Published: April 2016

Background Vertebral compression fractures occur in the thoracolumbar junction, causing the collapse of the vertebral body. For their treatment, vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are used, but it is still unknown which technique is to be preferred. Methods Finite element models of the thoracic spine were developed to evaluate the outcomes of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. A mild and severe collapse of T10 treated with vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty was studied. Stresses on the endplates and intradiscal pressures were extrapolated to determine the stress distribution in the adjacent structures. Results The validation ensured a correct stiffness and a proper kinematic of each functional spinal unit. The results demonstrated that a consolidation following vertebroplasty caused slight variations of intradiscal pressures and stresses. If a kyphoplasty was performed after a mild collapse of the vertebral body, a 25% stress reduction on endplates was found. In cases of severe collapse, when a partial height restoration was achieved, a 15% stress reduction was obtained, while with a full recovery of the anterior wall of the collapsed vertebra, there was a further reduction of 40%. Conclusions To reduce the stresses on the adjacent endplates and the risk of fracture, the results suggest a kyphoplasty is to be preferred, trying to restore the initial vertebral body height.
Expression of MMP and TIMP mRNA in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Patients with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Wieczorek Edyta , Galicki Michal , Tomasik Bartlomiej , Krol Magdalena , Jablonska Ewa , Fendler Wojciech , Gromadzinska Jolanta , Morawiec Zbigniew , Wasowicz Wojciech , Reszka Edyta 
Published: April 2016

Purpose An imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) appears critical for tumor progression and metastasis. This study aimed to determine whether gene expression of MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1 and TIMP3 and the MMP/TIMP expression ratio in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and the MMP1 and TIMP1 contents or MMP1/TIMP1 ratio in plasma were associated with clinicopathological characteristics in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. Materials and methods Blood samples were collected from women newly diagnosed with IDC who had not received prior treatment (n = 102). Gene expression in PBLs was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Concentrations of MMP1 and TIMP1 in plasma were measured using ELISA. Results In univariate analysis the expression levels of MMP2 and TIMP1 mRNA were significantly higher in premenopausal compared to postmenopausal patients (p<0.001 and p = 0.014, respectively). MMP2 mRNA expression negatively correlated with age (p<0.001, r = -0.43). We found that the MMP2/TIMP3 expression ratio was significantly higher in women after menopause (p = 0.007). The MMP2/TIMP1 expression ratio was higher in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive patients (p = 0.022). Low-grade tumors had significantly lower MMP1/TIMP1 and MMP2/TIMP1 expression ratios (p = 0.047 and p = 0.048, respectively). TIMP1 plasma concentration was significantly higher in small tumors compared with T2-T3 tumors (p = 0.013). Conclusions These findings reveal an important association between tumor characteristics and expression ratios of MMP1/TIMP1 and MMP2/TIMP1 in PBLs and TIMP1 concentration in plasma. Menopausal status may influence the mRNA expression levels of MMP2 and TIMP1 as well as the MMP2/TIMP3 expression ratio in IDC of the breast.
Ankle Arteriovenous Fistula – a Rare Site of Choice for Hemodialysis
Authors: Elamurugan Elamaran , Hemachandar Radhakrishnan 
Published: April 2016

Purpose Native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the ideal vascular access for hemodialysis. Once upper extremity vessels are exhausted or not suitable for AVF creation, the remaining options were either arteriovenous graft (AVG) or lower limb arteriovenous fistula. Methods A 45-year-old male patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage V was initiated on hemodialysis through a central venous catheter. He was referred for AVF creation after failed left radiocephalic AVF. In view of poor caliber of upper limb veins and unaffordability of AVG, a lower limb AVF was considered. The patient underwent left lower limb AVF creation between the great saphenous vein and the posterior tibial artery at the ankle and perforator ligation of leg. AVF was cannulated after 6 weeks with achieved blood flow rate of 300 mL/min during dialysis. He had been continuing hemodialysis through lower limb AVF for almost 12 months at the last follow-up. Conclusions Ankle AVF could be a viable alternative to the other sites of AVF for CKD in patients where upper limb AVF is not possible. This could be an alternative in resource-limited settings; however, its long-term patency and complications will need to be assessed in large studies.
Cytotoxic Extravasation: An Issue Disappearing or a Problem without Solution?
Authors: Ferrari Laura A.M. , Dinoi Gabriella L. , Saibene Gabriella , Re Barbara , Balzarini Augusta , Giordano Lucia , Sala Elena , Bregant Cristina 
Published: April 2016

Purpose The incidence and management of antitumoral compound extravasation that occurred in our medical day hospital unit were registered in a 10-year period. Methods A total of 114 episodes were consecutively recorded out of an estimated number of 211,948 administrations performed (0.05%). Type of compound, localization, timing, symptoms, treatment, resolution, or sequelae were documented. Results Extravasations after anthracyclines (17/114), platinum compounds (34/114), vinca alkaloids (7/114), and taxanes (34/114) were more frequently associated with edema and erythema ± pain. Five cases of monoclonal antibodies extravasation were observed without sequelae. With the involvement of an interdisciplinary task force and the use of dedicated guidelines, conservative management was successful in all patients. In the great majority of cases, recovery was complete within 48 hours after antidote administration. The support of our pharmacy was crucial. Physiatric evaluation was considered in several cases. No patients required surgery. Conclusions We confirm that the adopted standardized approach to this event resulted in a satisfactory outcome and could be suggested as appropriate for managing extravasation in a large clinical context.
To what Extent is Risk Grouping Method Successful in Deciding Surgical Staging in Endometrial Cancer?
Authors: Cetinkaya Kadir , Atalay Funda , Bacinoglu Ahmet , Dervisoglu Haluk 
Published: April 2016

Purpose The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the success rate of risk grouping method for staging surgery by exploring the rate of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with endometrial cancer (EC) according to low-risk (LR) and high-risk (HR) groups. Methods Patient files were reviewed retrospectively and the data of 268 patients were included in the study who underwent lymph node dissection (LND) for EC. Nodal status, histopathologic type, myometrial invasion (MI), tumor size (TS), and grade (G) were evaluated. In the LR group, all the criteria were required (G 1-2, <1/2 MI, type 1 histology, <2 cm TS), but in the HR group, one of them was enough (G 3 or ≥1/2 MI or type 2 histology or ≥2 cm TS). Results A total of 84 (31.3%) and 184 (68.7%) patients were grouped LR and HR, respectively. In total, 23 patients had LNM (8.5%) out of 268 surgically staged EC patients. Lymph node metastasis was significantly (p = 0.001) more common in the HR group of patients (2.4%, 2/84 LR vs 11.4%, 21/184 HR). Cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates in groups were 96.8% and 88.6%, respectively (p = 0.009). Conclusions In patients with EC, there is a significant difference between LR and HR groups for LNM and CSS rates. But this method of stratification is not adequate to separate them for deciding whether surgical staging is mandatory. Moreover, even most of the HR patients (163/184, 88.6%) are exposed to unnecessary LND. Perhaps they are not really HR and the HR definition needs to be revised.
Designing and Applying a Nonparametric Option Valuation Model
Authors: Vlachý Jan 
Published: April 2016

This paper derives, tests and discusses a comprehensive and easy to use nonparametric option-valuation model, using a representative set of historical data on underlying asset returns jointly with an assumption of minimalistic implied information on current market trend and volatility expectations. Its testing on empirical data from Warsaw Stock Exchange trading for two distinct periods of 2014 suggests that such distribution-free models are capable of delivering useful market insights as well as applicability features, in particular wherever derivative markets are relatively new, incomplete, illiquid, or with regard to the valuation of real options.
Sňatek z rozumu? Výzkum a výuka v pregraduální přípravě učitelů na příkladu kvalitativního výzkumu
Authors: Lojdová Kateřina 
Published: April 2016

Cílem této kritické studie je představit vztah výzkumu a výuky v pregraduální přípravě učitelů na příkladu kvalitativního výzkumu. Studie se skládá ze dvou částí. První část se zabývá historicky a terminologicky vztahem výzkumu a výuky v českém i v zahraničním kontextu. Druhá část se zaměřuje na kvalitativní výzkum v pregraduální přípravě učitelů a pojmenovává benefity i rizika tohoto spojení pro studenty učitelství a vysokoškolské učitele. V závěru shrnujeme efekty spojení výzkumu a výuky pro pedagogickou vědu, autonomii akademiků a pro učitelskou profesi.
El pueblo de la Confederación suiza: su significación constitucional y composición
Authors: Sánchez Ferriz Remedio 
Published: April 2016

ResumenEl pueblo, que se expresa como cuerpo electoral (o conjunto de ciudadanos que tras la mayoría de edad pueden ejercer los derechos políticos), es elemento constitutivo y constituyente de la Confederación (tanto en su dimensión federal como en la cantonal) y, a la vez, órgano supremo y primera fuente de legitimidad del ordenamiento constitucional suizo. El pueblo participa en las decisiones que comportan incorporaciones al mismo dando lugar en ocasiones a conflictos con las decisiones de las autoridades competentes.AbstractThe people who are defined as the electorate (the citizens who after the age of majority exercise in reality their political rights), are the constitutive and constituent element of the Confederation (both at federal and cantonal level) and, simultaneously, the supreme organ and the principal source of legitimacy in the Swiss constitutional order. The people participate in decisions that involve additions to them some time generating serious conflicts with the competentauthorities.
El principio de subordinación como fundamento del Estado constitucional. Su regulación en Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador y México
Authors: Ferreyra Raúl Gustavo 
Published: April 2016

ResumenLlamase Estado constitucional al ente fundado en una constitución, instrumento que persigue la convivencia pacífica de los ciudadanos y/o control responsable de la paz. Las reglas que lo fundamentan prescriben su subordinación al ordenamiento, la autorización para la reforma del orden, la distinción de las funciones controladas de sus poderes gubernativos y notable literatura sobre la acción de los derechos fundamentales.Peculiarmente, la regla sobre la subordinación persigue establecer la certeza, es decir, el «conocimiento seguro» por parte de la ciudadanía y los servidores públicos del campo dominado por el Derecho, que por ser general y normativo, posibilita una comunidad de ciudadanos igualmente libres, con abierta intención de excluir la arbitrariedad. Se analiza su despliegue y formulación normativa en los Estados citados en el título 53.AbstractA constitutional State is the entity based on a constitution, an instrument aimed at attaining the peaceful coexistence of citizens and/or the responsible control of peace. The rules that serve as foundation of the State prescribe the State’s subordination to the legal order, the need of authorization to reform the order, the distinction between the controlled functions of the branches of Government, and distinguished provisions on the operation of basic rights.Specifically, the subordination rule is aimed at establishing certainty, i.e. the «certain knowledge» by citizens and public servants of the field governed by the Law which, being general and normative, guarantees a community of equally-free citizens, with an open intent to exclude arbitrariness. This work goes into the deployment and normative design of the subordination rule in the nations mentioned in the title.