bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal models for central poststroke pain: a critical comprehensive review
Authors: De Vloo Philippe , Morlion Bart , van Loon Johannes , Nuttin Bart 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Central poststroke pain (CPSP) is a severe type of neuropathic pain that can develop after stroke and is difficult to treat. Research into its underlying mechanisms and treatment options could benefit from a valid CPSP animal model. Nine different CPSP animal models have been published, but there are relatively few reports on successful reproductions of these models and so far only little advances in the understanding or the management of CPSP have been made relying on these models. In general, the construct validity (similarity in underlying mechanisms) of these CPSP animal models is relatively high, although this cannot be evaluated into depth because of lack of understanding the mechanisms through which thalamic stroke can lead to CPSP. The face validity (symptom similarity) is relatively low, mainly because pain in these models is tested almost exclusively through evoked mechanical/thermal hypersensitivity assessed by reflexive measures and given the conflicting results with similar tests in patients with CPSP. The predictive validity (similarity in treatment efficacy) has not been evaluated in most models and incorporates difficulties that are specific to CPSP. We compare the different models regarding these types of validity and discuss the robustness, reproducibility, and problems regarding the design and reporting of the articles establishing these models. We conclude with various proposals on how to improve the validity and reproducibility of CPSP animal models. Until further improvements are achieved, prudence is called for in interpreting results obtained through these models.
Reduced excitability and impaired nociception in peripheral unmyelinated fibers from Nav1.9-null mice
Authors: Hoffmann Tal , Kistner Katrin , Carr Richard W. , Nassar Mohammed A. , Reeh Peter W. , Weidner Christian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe upregulation of the tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.9 has previously been associated with inflammatory hyperalgesia. Na1.9 knockout (KO) mice, however, did not seem insensitive in conventional tests of acute nociception. Using electrophysiological, neurochemical, and behavioral techniques, we now show NaV1.9-null mice exhibit impaired mechanical and thermal sensory capacities and reduced electrical excitability of nociceptors. In single-fiber recordings from isolated skin, the electrical threshold of NaV1.9 KO C fibers was elevated by 55% and the median von Frey threshold was 32 mN in contrast to 8 mN in wild types (WTs). The prevalence of C mechano-heat-sensitive (CMH) fibers was only 25.6% in NaV1.9 KO animals compared to 75.8% in the WT group, and the heat threshold of these CMH fibers was 40.4°C in the control vs 44°C in the KO group. Compound action potential recordings from isolated sciatic nerve segments of NaV1.9 KO mice revealed lower activity-induced slowing of conduction velocity upon noxious heat stimulation: 8% vs 30% in WTs. Heat-induced calcitonin gene-related peptide release from the skin was less in the KO than in the WT group. The reduced noxious heat sensitivity was finally confirmed with the Hargreaves test using 2 rates of radiant heating of the plantar hind paws. In conclusion, NaV1.9 presumably contributes to acute thermal and mechanical nociception in mice, most likely through increasing the excitability but probably also by amplifying receptor potentials irrespective of the stimulus modality.
Treatment of Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis With Corticosteroid, Pentoxifylline, or Dual Therapy
Authors: Lee Young-Sun , Kim Hyun Jung , Kim Ji Hoon , Yoo Yang Jae , Kim Tae Suk , Kang Seong Hee , Suh Sang Jun , Joo Moon Kyung , Jung Young Kul , Lee Beom Jae , Seo Yeon Seok , Yim Hyung Joon , Yeon Jong Eun , Kim Jae Seon , Park Jong-Jae , Um Soon Ho , Bak Young-Tae , Byun Kwan Soo 
Published: September 2016

Background and Aims:
Although both corticosteroids and pentoxifylline are currently recommended drugs for the treatment of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, their effectiveness in reducing mortality remains unclear. In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic and adverse effects of corticosteroids, pentoxifylline, and combination by using Cochrane methodology and therefore determine optimal treatment for severe alcoholic hepatitis.

Methods:
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from their inauguration until October 2015. Combinations of the following keywords and controlled vocabularies were searched: alcoholic hepatitis, corticosteroid, and pentoxifylline.

Results:
A total of 2639 patients from 25 studies were included. The treatment groups did not differ significantly in terms of overall mortality. Analysis of 1-month mortality revealed corticosteroid monotherapy reduced mortality compared with placebo (OR=0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.98; P=0.04), but pentoxifylline monotherapy did not. The mortality with dual therapy was similar to corticosteroid monotherapy (OR=0.91; 95% CI, 0.62-1.34; P=0.63). However, dual therapy decreased the incidences of hepatorenal syndrome or acute kidney injury (OR=0.47; 95% CI, 0.26-0.86; P=0.01) and the infection risk (OR=0.63; 95% CI, 0.41-0.97; P=0.04) significantly more than corticosteroid monotherapy did. None of the treatments conferred any medium-term or long-term survival benefits in the present study.

Conclusions:
Dual therapy was not inferior to corticosteroid monotherapy and could reduce the incidence of hepatorenal syndrome or acute kidney injury and risk of infection. Therefore, dual therapy might be considered in treatment of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis.
Bifidobacterium infantis NLS Super Strain Reduces the Expression of α-Defensin-5, a Marker of Innate Immunity, in the Mucosa of Active Celiac Disease Patients
Authors: Pinto-Sánchez Maria I. , Smecuol Edgardo C. , Temprano Maria P. , Sugai Emilia , González Andrea , Moreno María L. , Huang Xianxi , Bercik Premysl , Cabanne Ana , Vázquez Horacio , Niveloni Sonia , Mazure Roberto , Mauriño Eduardo , Verdú Elena F. , Bai Julio C. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
We have previously shown a reduction of gastrointestinal symptoms after the oral administration of Bifidobacterium infantis Natren Life Start super strain (NLS-SS) in untreated celiac disease (CD) patients. The symptomatic improvement was not associated with changes in intestinal permeability or serum levels of cytokines, chemokines, or growth factors. Therefore, we hypothesized that the beneficial symptomatic effect observed previously in patients with CD treated with B. infantis may be related to the modulation of innate immunity.

Goals:
To investigate the potential mechanisms of a probiotic B. infantis Natren Life Start super strain on the mucosal expression of innate immune markers in adult patients with active untreated CD compared with those treated with B. infantis×6 weeks and after 1 year of gluten-free diet (GFD).

Methods:
Numbers of macrophages and Paneth cells and α-defensin-5 expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry in duodenal biopsies.

Results:
We showed that GFD decreases duodenal macrophage counts in CD patients more effectively than B. infantis. In contrast, B. infantis decreases Paneth cell counts and expression of α-defensin-5 in CD (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
The results identify differential innate immune effects of treatment with B. infantis compared with 1 year of GFD. Further studies are needed to investigate synergistic effects of GFD and B. infantis supplementation in CD.
Increased Prevalence of Metabolic Risk Factors in Asian Americans With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kutsenko Alina , Ladenheim Maya R. , Kim Nathan , Nguyen Pauline , Chen Vincent , Jayasekera Channa , Yang Ju Dong , Kumari Radhika , Roberts Lewis , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
We used metabolic risk factors to estimate the prevalence and clinical significance of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian Americans with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study of 824 consecutive Asian HCC patients at Stanford University Medical Center from 1998 to 2015. Patients were subdivided as: Chinese, other East Asian (Japanese and Korean), South East Asian (Vietnamese, Thai, and Laotian), Maritime South East Asian (MSEA: Malaysian, Indonesian, Filipino, and Singaporean), and South West Asian (Indian, Pakistani, and Middle Eastern). Metabolic risk factors studied were body mass index, hypertension, type II diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.

Results:
Most patients were male (76%) with mean age 63 years. Metabolic risk factors were highly prevalent on presentation and increased over time (P<0.001), as did the prevalence of cryptogenic HCC (P<0.004). Compared with other Asian subgroups, MSEAs had the highest body mass index (26.3) and higher rates of type II diabetes (44% vs. 23% to 35%, P=0.004), hypertension (59% vs. 38% to 55%, P=0.04), and cryptogenic HCC (15% vs. 4% to 10%, P=0.01). They were more likely to be symptomatic on presentation (44% vs. 32% to 58%, P=0.07), less likely to present within Milan criteria (34% vs. 35% to 63%, P<0.0001), and trended toward decreased 10-year survival rates compared with other ethnic subgroups (9% vs. 25% to 32%, P=0.07).

Conclusions:
Metabolic risk factors were increasingly prevalent among Asian Americans with HCC. MSEAs, who had the highest incidence of these risk factors, had more advanced tumor stage and trended toward worse survival.
Longitudinal Patterns of Spending Enhance the Ability to Predict Costly Patients
Authors: Lauffenburger Julie C. , Franklin Jessica M. , Krumme Alexis A. , Shrank William H. , Brennan Troyen A. , Matlin Olga S. , Spettell Claire M. , Brill Gregory , Choudhry Niteesh K. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
With rising health spending, predicting costs is essential to identify patients for interventions. Many of the existing approaches have moderate predictive ability, which may result, in part, from not considering potentially meaningful changes in spending over time. Group-based trajectory modeling could be used to classify patients into dynamic long-term spending patterns.

Objectives:
To classify patients by their spending patterns over a 1-year period and to assess the ability of models to predict patients in the highest spending trajectory and the top 5% of annual spending using prior-year predictors.

Subjects:
We identified all fully insured adult members enrolled in a large US nationwide insurer and used medical and prescription data from 2009 to 2011.

Research Design:
Group-based trajectory modeling was used to classify patients by their spending patterns over a 1-year period. We assessed the predictive ability of models that categorized patients in the top fifth percentile of annual spending and in the highest spending trajectory, using logistic regression and split-sample validation. Models were estimated using investigator-specified variables and a proprietary risk-adjustment method.

Results:
Among 998,651 patients, in the best-performing model, prediction was strong for patients in the highest trajectory group (C-statistic: 0.86; R
2: 0.47). The C-statistic of being in the top fifth percentile of spending in the best-performing model was 0.82 (R
2: 0.26). Approaches using nonproprietary investigator-specified methods performed almost as well as other risk-adjustment methods (C-statistic: 0.81 vs. 0.82).

Conclusions:
Trajectory modeling may be a useful way to predict costly patients that could be implementable by payers to improve cost-containment efforts.
Beyond dilation: current concepts in endoscopic airway stenting and reconstruction
Authors: Gnagi Sharon H. , White David R. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
To discuss current modalities of endoscopic airway management beyond balloon dilation therapy.

Recent findings
Advances continue to be made through technology and bioengineering with exciting potential in the pediatric airway. Smaller robots and instrumentation allow increased endoscopic surgical success. Biodegradable stents and bioengineered grafts are on the horizon for use in airway surgery. Dysphonia following airway reconstruction is of increasing recognition with new endoscopic treatments being performed. Supraglottoplasty is further recognized as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea for laryngomalacia diagnosed on sleep endoscopy. Interarytenoid injection may be beneficial in the normal larynx for aspiration and dysphagia as well as diagnosing and treating type I laryngeal clefts.

Summary
Endoscopic airway surgery continues to be a popular and effective method of treating the pediatric airway. Technological advances such as in robotics may have an increasing role in the future of endoscopic airway surgery in children. Bioengineered airway adjuncts including biodegradable airway stents look to be promising in the future treatment of airway stenosis.
Stable Isotope Techniques for the Assessment of Host and Microbiota Response During Gastrointestinal Dysfunction
Authors: Butler Ross N. , Kosek Margaret , Krebs Nancy F. , Loechl Cornelia U. , Loy Alexander , Owino Victor O. , Zimmermann Michael B. , Morrison Douglas J. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe International Atomic Energy Agency convened a technical meeting on environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in Vienna (October 28–30, 2015; https://nucleus.iaea.org/HHW/Nutrition/EED_Technical_Meeting/index.html) to bring together international experts in the fields of EED, nutrition, and stable isotope technologies. Advances in stable isotope–labeling techniques open up new possibilities to improve our understanding of gastrointestinal dysfunction and the role of the microbiota in host health. In the context of EED, little is known about the role gut dysfunction may play in macro‐ and micronutrient bioavailability and requirements and what the consequences may be for nutritional status and linear growth. Stable isotope labeling techniques have been used to assess intestinal mucosal injury and barrier function, carbohydrate digestion and fermentation, protein‐derived amino acid bioavailability and requirements, micronutrient bioavailability and to track microbe‐microbe and microbe‐host interactions at the single cell level. The noninvasive nature of stable isotope technologies potentially allow for low‐hazard, field‐deployable tests of gut dysfunction that are applicable across all age groups. The purpose of this review is to assess the state‐of‐the‐art use of stable isotope technologies and to provide a perspective on where these technologies can be exploited to further our understanding of gut dysfunction in EED.
Treatment of Functional Abdominal Pain With Antidepressants
Authors: Zar‐Kessler Claire A.M. , Belkind‐Gerson Jaime , Bender Suzanne , Kuo Braden M. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Pediatric functional abdominal pain is often treated with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The aim is investigating antidepressant use for treatment efficacy, correlation of response to psychiatric factors, and impact of adverse effects in regard to physicians’ prescribing patterns.Methods:Retrospective review (2005–2013) children (5–21 years old) with functional abdominal pain treated with SSRI or TCA. Of the 531 cases with functional abdominal pain, 192 initiated SSRIs or TCAs while followed by gastroenterology. Charts reviewed for symptoms, adverse effects, and response: decreased pain or increased daily functioning.Results:Sixty‐three of 84 (75%) SSRI patients improved, 56 of 92 (61%) TCA patients improved (P = 0.03). Logistic regression controlling for psychiatric factors: SSRI remained significant over TCA (P = 0.04). Thirty‐two of 67 (48%) patients with constipation received TCAs and 26 of 45 (58%) patients with diarrhea received SSRIs (P = 0.64). Three SSRI patients reported gastrointestinal effects, all diarrheal‐type symptoms, and 2 TCA patients reported gastrointestinal effects, both constipation, in all it led to discontinuation. Thirteen (29%) of diarrheal‐type patients reported adverse effects causing discontinuation as compared to 7 (8%) in the constipation group (P = .01). Twenty‐one (25%) SSRI patients reported adverse effects with 5 (6%) mood disturbances. Twenty (22%) TCA patients reported adverse effects, 13 (14%) with mood disturbances (P = .07). Overall, 12 (14%) SSRI patients discontinued medication due to adverse effects, whereas 16 (17%) TCA patients (P = 0.24) did.Conclusions:Patients had significantly greater response to SSRIs than TCAs, remaining significant after controlling for psychiatric factors. Little significance is given to patient's associated gastrointestinal symptoms, frequently resulting in adverse effects and termination of medication.
Understanding the Essential Meaning of Measured Changes in Weight and Body Composition Among Women During and After Adjuvant Treatment for Breast Cancer
Authors: Pedersen Birgith , Groenkjaer Mette , Falkmer Ursula , Delmar Charlotte 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Changes in weight and body composition among women during and after adjuvant antineoplastic treatment for breast cancer may influence long-term survival and quality of life. Research on factual weight changes is diverse and contrasting, and their influence on women’s perception of body and self seems to be insufficiently explored.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to expand the understanding of the association between changes in weight and body composition and the women’s perception of body and selves.

Methods:
A mixed-methods research design was used. Data consisted of weight and body composition measures from 95 women with breast cancer during 18 months past surgery. Twelve women from this cohort were interviewed individually at 12 months. Linear mixed model and logistic regression were used to estimate changes of repeated measures and odds ratio. Interviews were analyzed guided by existential phenomenology.

Results:
Joint displays and integrative mixed-methods interpretation demonstrated that even small weight gains, extended waist, and weight loss were associated with fearing recurrence of breast cancer. Perceiving an ambiguous transforming body, the women moved between a unified body subject and the body as an object dissociated in “I” and “it” while fighting against or accepting the body changes.

Conclusions:
Integrating findings demonstrated that factual weight changes do not correspond with the perceived changes and may trigger existential threats.

Implications for Practice:
Transition to a new habitual body demand health practitioners to enter a joint narrative work to reveal how the changes impact on the women’s body and self-perception independent of how they are displayed quantitatively.
Feasibility of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Submucosal-invasive Gastric Cancer and the Predictors of Residual or Recurrent Cancer
Authors: Ojima Toshiyasu , Takifuji Katsunari , Nakamura Masaki , Nakamori Mikihito , Yamaue Hiroki 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of the Study:
The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of the endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for submucosal-invasive gastric cancer (SMGC) by assessing the therapeutic outcomes in patients treated with ESD.

Materials and Methods:
From 2002 to 2013, ESD was performed for 597 lesions with early gastric cancer at our institute. ESD of the SMGC was performed for 85 patients.

Results:
Among these 85 patients, 35 patients underwent additional gastrectomy. Residual or recurrent cancer occurred in 12 patients treated through ESD method. The 5-year disease-specific survival rates were 94.9% for all 85 patients and 97.2% for 49 patients with follow-up examinations after ESD. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that residual or recurrent cancer in the patients with SMGC was significantly associated with a tumor width in submucosa (P=0.0152).

Conclusions:
ESD for SMGC can be considered feasible in clinical practice in terms of the favorable long-term oncologic outcomes.
Patient Satisfaction With Nurse-Led Telephone Follow-up in an Ambulatory Setting
Authors: Schimpf Megan O. , Fenner Dee E. , Smith Tovia M. , Tucker Julie , Berger Mitchell B. 
Published: September 2016

Objectives
We studied our practice of using nurse telephone follow-up under physician direction to assess symptom improvement and patient satisfaction.

Methods
Women were recruited when their clinical care merited nurse telephone follow-up in the opinion of the attending physician. Women specified a preferred telephone number and completed a symptom questionnaire at the time of enrollment. Nursing telephone follow-up was completed at an interval prescribed by the attending physician to answer specified clinical questions. Approximately 3 months after the initial in-office visit, a satisfaction questionnaire and repeat symptom measure were mailed to the subjects.

Results
A convenience sample of 83 women was analyzed. Of those, 91.6% were reached by telephone, and 47.0% returned the follow-up questionnaire. Mean (SD) age was 56.8 (16.6) years (range, 20–89 years). Younger women were less likely to be able to be contacted by telephone (P = 0.02) and less likely to return the questionnaire (P = 0.02). Most common diagnoses were overactive bladder and mixed urinary incontinence. Satisfaction rates were high, and level of convenience for patients was high. Women indicated an ease of speaking over the telephone about their condition and confidence in the treatment plan. Satisfaction with telephone follow-up did not significantly differ based on age or diagnosis.

Conclusions
Patient satisfaction was high for nurse telephone follow-up to replace in-office visits for selected diagnoses. This care strategy deserves further consideration for reimbursement purposes as health care evolves.
Health Care Disparities Among English-Speaking and Spanish-Speaking Women With Pelvic Organ Prolapse at Public and Private Hospitals: What Are the Barriers?
Authors: Alas Alexandriah N. , Dunivan Gena C. , Wieslander Cecelia K. , Sevilla Claudia , Barrera Biatris , Rashid Rezoana , Maliski Sally , Eilber Karen , Rogers Rebecca G. , Anger Jennifer Tash 
Published: September 2016

Objectives
The objective of this study was to compare perceptions and barriers between Spanish-speaking and English-speaking women in public and private hospitals being treated for pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Methods
Eight focus groups, 4 in English and 4 in Spanish, were conducted at 3 institutions with care in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery. Standardized questions were asked regarding patients' emotions to when they initially noticed the POP, if they sought family support, and their response to the diagnosis and treatment. Transcripts were analyzed using grounded theory qualitative methods.

Results
Thirty-three women were Spanish-speaking and 25 were English-speaking. Spanish speakers were younger (P = 0.0469) and less likely to have a high school diploma (P < 0.0001) than English speakers. Spanish-speaking women had more concerns that the bulge or treatments could lead to cancer, were more resistant to treatment options, and were less likely to be offered surgery. Women in the private hospital desired more information, were less embarrassed, and were more likely to be offered surgery as first-line treatment. The concept emerged that patient care for POP varied based on socioeconomic status and language and suggested the presence of disparities in care for underserved women with POP.

Conclusions
The discrepancies in care for Spanish-speaking women and women being treated at public hospitals suggest that there are disparities in care for POP treatment for underserved women. These differences may be secondary to profit-driven pressures from private hospitals or language barriers, low socioeconomic status, low health literacy, and barriers to health care.