bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of observed behavior of soil reinforced by rigid inclusions
Authors: Boussetta Samia , Bouassida Mounir , Zouabi Mondher 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The numerical behavior of rafted foundation resting on soil reinforced by rigid inclusions is undertaken. Axisymmetric modeling of scaled test model investigated primarily in the framework of ASIRI research project is investigated by the FE code Plaxis V9.2D. The predictions of settlement and efficiency of the reinforced soil are compared to measurements obtained from tests carried out in the calibration chamber. A parametric study was conducted and allowed to observe the effect of the thickness and the constitutive material of mattress layer, the cover rate and type of compressible soil on the efficiency of the reinforcement by rigid inclusion. Main findings were: the best efficiency is obtained for minimum thickness of mattress layer. The increase in cover rate leads to an increased maximum efficiency and settlement reduction.
Use of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser Dermastat in the treatment of recurrent anterior epistaxis – a new technique
Authors: Jain A , Frampton S J , Sachidananda R , Jain P K 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the short- to medium-term effectiveness of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser Dermastat in patients with recurrent anterior epistaxis.Method:Fifty-eight patients presenting with recurrent anterior epistaxis were treated using potassium titanyl phosphate laser Dermastat. Those with recurrent epistaxis arising from prominent vessels in Little's area, and/or those for whom treatment with silver nitrate cautery failed, were included. The main outcome measure was resolution of epistaxis at two months.Results:Fifty-eight patients were treated; 27 were under 18 years old. Thirty patients had prominent vessels. Thirty-one patients had undergone previous cautery treatment. Thirty-eight patients had treatment to the left side, 19 to the right and 1 to both. At two months, 74 per cent reported resolution of epistaxis with no complications. This increased to 78 per cent at further follow up.Conclusion:Our technique is a successful, safe treatment for recurrent anterior epistaxis in an otherwise treatment-resistant group. A single procedure is effective. The handpiece and tip are reusable and sterilisable, resulting in cost-effectiveness.
Triangles in squares
Authors: Yuan Liping , Ding Ren 
Published: August 2016

In this paper we find the necessary and sufficient conditions on a, b, c, s for a triangle with sides a, b, c to fit into a square of side s.Questions about precisely when one shape fits into another attract wide attention. In 1993 Post [1] gave necessary and sufficient conditions on the six sides of two triangles for the first to fit into the second. Recently, the necessary and sufficient conditions for squares to fit in triangles [2], equilateral triangles in triangles [3], rectangles in triangles [4] and rectangles in rectangles [5] are given. In [2] Wetzel asked when a given triangle fits into a given square. In this paper we find the necessary and sufficient conditions on a, b, c, s for a triangle with sides a, b, c to fit into a square of side s. For the sake of convenience, let α, β, γ denote the angles opposite sides a, b, c respectively, and we may assume without loss of generality that a ≥ b ≥ c, which implies that α ≥ β ≥ γ.
Mathematical operators and ways of reasoning
Authors: Ginat David 
Published: August 2016

Given a mathematical operator, how should one reason about the outcome of its repeated invocation? This question is relevant in both mathematics and computer science, where iterative operator invocations are core, algorithmic elements.An initial approach, which one may naturally follow, is to try the operator in diverse situations, observe the results, and suggest a general outcome. Such an approach embodies operational reasoning, where inference derives from ‘behaviours’ of invocation sequences. This may indeed reveal some behavioural characteristics, but is it sufficient for rigorous argumentation of the general outcome? Not quite.
Numerical integration — a different approach
Authors: Smith Harry V. 
Published: August 2016

In common with, I suspect, many people the author does not have access to the NAG library and so, when I was asked recently to calculate the value of the integralcorrect to 10 decimal places my first reaction was to try several different calculators as well as several mathematical software packages. On doing so it was disappointing to find they either gave widely differing values such as 7.9065200767, 4.1317217452 or 0.9174196842 or an error message indicating that the method had not converged.
On generalised Fibonaccian and Lucasian numbers
Authors: Hilton Peter , Pedersen Jean 
Published: August 2016

In [1, Chapter 3, Section 2], we collected together results we had previously obtained relating to the question of which positive integers m were Lucasian, that is, factors of some Lucas number Ln. We pointed out that the behaviors of odd and even numbers m were quite different. Thus, for example, 2 and 4 are both Lucasian but 8 is not; for the sequence of residue classes mod 8 of the Lucas numbers, n ⩾ 0, readsand thus does not contain the residue class 0*. On the other hand, it is a striking fact that, if the odd number s is Lucasian, then so are all of its positive powers.
Counting zeros of generalised polynomials: Descartes’ rule of signs and Laguerre’s extensions
Authors: Jameson G. J. O. 
Published: August 2016

One of the bedrock theorems of mathematics is the statement that a real polynomial of degree n has at most n real zeros. Probably the best-known proof is the algebraic one, by factorisation. But there is also a pleasant analytic proof, by deduction from Rolle’s theorem.A slightly different question is how many positive zeros a polynomial has. Here the basic result is known as ‘Descartes′ rule of signs’. It says that the number of positive zeros is no more than the number of sign changes in the sequence of coefficients. Descartes included it in his treatise La Géométrie which appeared in 1637. It can be proved by a method based on factorisation, but, again, just as easily by deduction from Rolle’s theorem.
Two remarks about Sudoku squares
Authors: Keedwell A. D. 
Published: August 2016

Smallest defining setsA standard Sudoku square is a 9 × 9 latin square in which each of the nine 3 × 3 subsquares into which it can be separated contains each of the integers 1 to 9 exactly once.A current problem is to complete such a square when only some of the cells have been filled. These cells are often called ‘givens’. (Such problems are currently (2005) published daily in British newspapers.) In more mathematical terms, the given filled cells constitute a defining set or uniquely completable set for the square if they lead to a unique completion of the square. If, after deletion of any one of these givens, the square can no longer be completed uniquely, the givens form a critical set. The investigation of critical sets for ‘ordinary’ latin squares is a topic of current mathematical interest. (See [1] for more details.)
A geometric interpretation of equal sums of cubes
Authors: Bailey Adam 
Published: August 2016

Is there a three-dimensional equivalent of the Pythagorean theorem? It all depends, of course, what one means by equivalent. There are in fact several distinct results which can with some justice be regarded as threedimensional equivalents of the theorem.One interpretation of the Pythagorean theorem is as a statement about any rectangle, expressing the square of its diagonal as the sum of the squares of its height and length. This readily extends to the case of a rectangular box (cuboid), for which the square of its long diagonal always equals the sum of the squares of its height, length and depth.
Reflected circles, and congruent perspective triangles
Authors: Silvester John R. 
Published: August 2016

For any three pointsX, Y, Z, let ⊙XYZdenote the circle throughX, Y, Z(the circumcircle of ∆XYZ) or, ifX, Y, Zhappen to be collinear, the lineXYZ. (We shall often regard lines as special circles, circles of infinite radius.) This paper is about the following theorem, and extensions of it:Theorem 1: Given ∆ABCand a pointP, reflect ⊙PBC, ⊙APC, ⊙ABPin the lines BC, AC, AB respectively. Then the three reflected circles have a common point, Q (see Figure 1).I do not know if this theorem is new, but I have not come across it in the literature. The reader is invited to prove it by angle-chasing, using circle theorems: let two of the reflected circles meet atQand then prove that this point lies on the third reflected circle. This method is rather diagram-dependent, and does not seem to lead to the extensions of Theorem 1 referred to above in any very obvious manner, so we shall adopt a different approach.
Tribinomial coefficients and Catalan numbers
Authors: Koshy Thomas , Salmassi Mohammad 
Published: August 2016

The concept of the ordinary binomial coefficientcan be employed to construct an interesting family of positive integers. Such a family was introduced around 1974 by W. Hansell using the triangular numbers , where we call them tribinomial coefficients since they are binomial coefficients for triangular numbers. To this end, first we define corresponding to and For example,
Contributions of family social structure to the development of ultrasociality in humans
Authors: Nephew Benjamin C. , Pittet Florent 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe evolution of ultrasociality in humans may have involved the evolutionarily significant mechanisms that govern family social structure in many animal species. Adverse effects of ultrasociality in humans may be mediated by maladaptive effects of modern civilization on family groups, as many of the effects on both families and societies are especially severe in dense populations made possible by agriculture.
Differentiation of individual selves facilitates group-level benefits of ultrasociality
Authors: Ainsworth Sarah E. , Baumeister Roy F. , Vohs Kathleen D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGowdy & Krall's target article complements our recent theorizing on group behavior. In our comment, we elucidate complementary aspects of the two theories and highlight the importance of differentiation of selves for human groups to reap the benefits of ultrasociality. We propose that achieving optimal group outcomes depends on the differentiation of individual selves.
Autonomy in ants and humans
Authors: Carpendale Jeremy I. M. , Frayn Michael 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDrawing lessons regarding the consequences of ultrasociality in ants and humans depends crucially on recognizing differences as well as similarities in the way that species are social. We focus on Gowdy & Krall's use of the concept of autonomy to explicate essential differences in the ways in which ants and humans are social.
The continuing evolution of ultrasocial economic organization
Authors: Farley Joshua C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUltrasociality, as expressed in agricultural, monetary, and fossil fuel economies, has spurred exponential growth in population and in resource use that now threaten civilization. These threats take the form of prisoner's dilemmas. Avoiding collapse requires more cooperative economic organization that must be informed by knowledge of human behavior and cultural evolution. The evolution of a cooperative information economy is one possibility.
Ultrasociality and the division of cognitive labor
Authors: Noles Nicholaus Samuel , Danovitch Judith Harmony 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGowdy & Krall describe the development of ultrasociality in terms of economics and the division of labor. We propose that the division of cognitive labor allows humans to behave in an ultrasocial manner without the radical evolutionary changes that are experienced by other species, suggesting that species may traverse different paths to achieve ultrasociality.
Reason for optimism: How a shifting focus on neural population codes is moving cognitive neuroscience beyond phrenology
Authors: Parkinson Carolyn , Wheatley Thalia 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMultivariate pattern analysis can address many of the challenges for cognitive neuroscience highlighted in After Phrenology (Anderson 2014) by illuminating the information content of brain regions and by providing insight into whether functional overlap reflects the recruitment of common or distinct computational mechanisms. Further, failing to consider submaximal but reliable population responses can lead to an overly modular account of brain function.
Reply to reviewers: Reuse, embodied interactivity, and the emerging paradigm shift in the human neurosciences
Authors: Anderson Michael L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this reply to reviewers, I argue that, although reforming the taxonomy of psychology will lead to great insights in the cognitive sciences, it will not result in 1:1 structure-function mappings in the brain; we should expect to see a great deal of irreducible functional diversity in the brain at multiple spatial scales. I further clarify both the promise and the limitations of the analytic techniques for capturing functional diversity and interrogating the taxonomy of psychology; describe the ways in which neural reuse can help us understand human development; further explore the ways in which my proposals for integrating psychology, neuroscience, and evolutionary biology differ from the approach exemplified by contemporary evolutionary psychology; and lay out some new and hopefully interesting avenues for future research.
Streptococcus agalactiaefrom pregnant women: antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance mechanisms and molecular typing
Authors: ROJO-BEZARES B. , AZCONA-GUTIÉRREZ J. M. , MARTIN C. , JAREÑO M. S. , TORRES C. , SÁENZ Y. 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYWe investigated the antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance mechanisms, virulence genes and clonal relationships of macrolide- and/or lincosamide-resistant (M+/−LR)Streptococcus agalactiae(group BStreptococcus, GBS) isolates from pregnant women in La Rioja in Northern Spain, a region with a significant immigrant population. In total 375 GBS isolates were recovered during 2011. About three-quarters of isolates were from European nationals and the remainder distributed among 23 other nationalities. Seventy-five (20%) were classified as M+/−LRstrains and 28 (37%) of these were resistant to ⩾3 classes of antibiotics. Capsular serotypes III (29·3%), V (21·3%) and II (12%) were the most frequent. A wide variety of antibiotic resistance genes were detected in M+/−LRstrains; notably, 5·3% harboured thelsa(C) gene associated with cross-resistance, andtet(W) was identified in a single strain. We report, for the first time, the detection of cadmium and copper resistance encoded bytcrB+cadA+cadCgenes in 20 M+/−LRstrains, which raises the possibility of co-selection of antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance disseminated through mobile genetic elements. The M+/−LRstrains were highly diverse by DNA macrorestriction profiles (65 patterns) and 16 multilocus sequence types (STs) distributed among six clonal complexes; the most frequent were ST1, ST19, and ST12, and two strains were novel (ST586 and ST601). In conclusion, a wide diversity of genetic lineages of macrolide, lincosamide and heavy-metal- resistant GBS strains was observed in an ethnically diverse maternal population.
“MedTRIS” (Medical Triage and Registration Informatics System): A Web-based Client Server System for the Registration of Patients Being Treated in First Aid Posts at Public Events and Mass Gatherings
Authors: Gogaert Stefan , Vande veegaete Axel , Scholliers Annelies , Vandekerckhove Philippe 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFirst aid (FA) services are provisioned on-site as a preventive measure at most public events. In Flanders, Belgium, the Belgian Red Cross-Flanders (BRCF) is the major provider of these FA services with volunteers being deployed at approximately 10,000 public events annually. The BRCF has systematically registered information on the patients being treated in FA posts at major events and mass gatherings during the last 10 years. This information has been collected in a web-based client server system called “MedTRIS” (Medical Triage and Registration Informatics System). MedTRIS contains data on more than 200,000 patients at 335 mass events. This report describes the MedTRIS architecture, the data collected, and how the system operates in the field. This database consolidates different types of information with regards to FA interventions in a standardized way for a variety of public events. MedTRIS allows close monitoring in “real time” of the situation at mass gatherings and immediate intervention, when necessary; allows more accurate prediction of resources needed; allows to validate conceptual and predictive models for medical resources at (mass) public events; and can contribute to the definition of a standardized minimum data set (MDS) for mass-gathering health research and evaluation.GogaertS, Vande veegaeteA, ScholliersA, VandekerckhoveP. “MedTRIS” (Medical Triage and Registration Informatics System): a web-based client server system for the registration of patients being treated in first aid posts at public events and mass gatherings. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(5):557–562.
Business Leadership in the Chinese Context: Trends, Findings, and Implications
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Xue , Chen (George) Zhen Xiong , Chen Ya-Ru , Ang Soon 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Business leaders constitute a powerful driving force for the miraculous growth of the Chinese economy in the past few decades. However, scholars have not developed theories accounting for the unique leadership phenomenon in the Chinese context, characterized by high uncertainty, intense market competition, and constant changes in government regulations and policies. This special issue aims at offering insights regarding business leadership in China. In this paper, we first introduce the three streams of Chinese leadership research, varying in the degree of Chinese context being considered in theory development. We then discuss how Chinese leadership has co-evolved with the transformation of firms and the institutional environment in China. The new values of young employees, born after 1980, are driving the need for leaders to adjust their leadership practices once again. After that, we present a summary of the four papers in this special issue, and the insights they provide to our understanding of leadership and its effectiveness in the Chinese context. Finally, we suggest future research directions for Chinese leadership research.
The Unique Value of Yin-Yang Balancing: A Critical Response
Authors: Li Peter Ping 
Published: August 2016

I welcome any well-informed debate over the unique value of Yin-Yang as a cognitive frame in the development of Chinese indigenous management research. The commentary by Xin Li to engage in a debate is timely. Xin Li and I share the same premise that ‘we need indigenous Chinese management research to offer new insights and contribute to the development of truly universal theories’ (Li, X., 2014: 8). That is the common ground upon which we can debate over how best to engage in indigenous research with confidence in balance so as to avoid both overconfidence and under-confidence.Where we depart from the above common ground is our different perspectives about the value of the Yin-Yang frame. Xin Li challenges my positive perspective on the unique value of the Yin-Yang frame on several dimensions. First, he characterizes my perspective as ‘both/and’ in sharp contrast to Aristotle’s ‘either/or’ logic. Second, he characterizes my perspective as arguing that ‘Yin-Yang thinking is superior to other logical systems and philosophies’ (Li, X., 2014: 8). Third, he implies that my perspective on the Yin-Yang frame is essentially a claim that ‘Westerners cannot think in a non-either/or way’ (Li, X., 2014: 8). Fourth, the above challenges are based upon his basic claim that the Yin-Yang frame is just one form of dialectical framing (Li, X., 2014). Based on these claims, Xin Li warns against the ‘danger of overconfidence’ among Chinese management scholars (Li, X., 2014: 8).
Reflections on Choosing the Appropriate Level of Abstraction in Social Science Research
Authors: Murmann Johann Peter 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAlthough researchers often do it subconsciously, every explanation involves choosing a level of abstraction at which the argument proceeds. The dominant North American style of research in Organization Theory, Strategy, and International Business encourages researchers to frame their explanations at the highest level of abstraction where country-level contextual factors are suppressed or ignored. Yet to provide powerful explanations for recent developments in China, researchers are drawn to a greater level of context specificity. This tension is evident in the Child and Marinova (2014) paper. One way to reduce the tension is to identify general causal mechanisms that combine in different ways to produce different results depending on context. This research strategy is more effective than seeking invariant, general patterns of development across all times and places.
Crystal structure of the plant receptor-like kinase TDR in complex with the TDIF peptide
Authors: Morita Junko , Kato Kazuki , Nakane Takanori , Kondo Yuki , Fukuda Hiroo , Nishimasu Hiroshi , Ishitani Ryuichiro , Nureki Osamu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn plants, leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RKs) perceive ligands, including peptides and small molecules, to regulate various physiological processes. TDIF, a member of the CLE peptide family, specifically interacts with the LRR-RK TDR to inhibit meristem differentiation into tracheary elements, and promotes cell proliferation. Here we report the crystal structure of the extracellular domain of TDR in complex with the TDIF peptide. The extracellular domain of TDR adopts a superhelical structure comprising 22 LRRs, and specifically recognizes TDIF by its inner concave surface. Together with our biochemical and sequence analyses, our structure reveals a conserved TDIF-recognition mechanism of TDR among plant species. Furthermore, a structural comparison of TDR with other plant LRR-RKs suggested the activation mechanism of TDR by TDIF. The structure of this CLE peptide receptor provides insights into the recognition mechanism of the CLE family peptides.