bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Certain Stationarity Tests for Hydrologic Series
Authors: Rutkowska Agnieszka , Ptak Marek 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe main aim of the article was application of some statistical tests for investigation of weak stationarity of hydrologic time series. The tests were applied to mean monthly flow and maximum annual flow on three rivers: two Polish and one American river. Firstly, the modified Mann–Kendall test for autocorrelated data was used to detect trend. After detrending we used “unit root tests” based on the DF test and “stationarity tests” based on the KPSS test. The tests were investigated and compared in some aspects: analysis of residuals, application to seasonal series, AIC and Schwarz values.
Untersuchung analytischer und numerischer Modelle zur anwendungsspezifischen Dimensionierung eines Amplified Piezo Actuators
Authors: Löffler Michael , Weiß Manuel , Wiesgickl Thomas , Rupitsch Stefan J. 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ein Amplified Piezo Actuator besteht aus einem piezoelektrischen Stapelaktor und einem metallischen Festkörpergelenkrahmen. Durch diese Kombination ist trotz geringer mechanischer Auslenkungen des Stapelaktors ein für viele Anwendungen nötiger, größerer Stellweg realisierbar. Gleichzeitig können die Vorteile des piezoelektrischen Wandlerprinzips wie hohe Präzision, hohe Eigenfrequenz und hohe Blockierkraft beibehalten werden. Für den Entwurf eines solchen Amplified Piezo Actuators können sowohl analytische Modelle als auch numerische Simulationen hinzugezogen werden. In dieser Arbeit werden ausgewählte analytische Modelle hergeleitet und hinsichtlich eines konkreten Anwendungsbeispiels angepasst. Dies beinhaltet eine rein geometrische Betrachtung, die Beschreibung des mechanischen Aktorverhaltens durch ein elastostatisches sowie ein nachgiebigkeitsbasiertes Modell. Zudem werden Parameterstudien mithilfe entsprechender numerischer Simulationen durchgeführt. Die aus den Simulationsergebnissen gezogenen Schlüsse fließen in die Fertigung von fünf Festkörpergelenkrahmen mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften ein. Die Validierung der analytischen und numerischen Modelle anhand durchgeführter Messungen an den gefertigten Aufbauten runden den Beitrag ab.
Effects of a Tapering Period on Physical Condition in Soccer Players
Authors: Beltran-Valls M. Reyes , Camarero-López Guillermo , Beltran-garrido José V. , Cecilia-Gallego Pau 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Beltran-Valls, MR, Camarero-López, G, Beltran-Garrido, JV, and Cecilia-Gallego, P. Effects of a tapering period on physical condition in soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1086–1092, 2020—The aim of this research was to analyze the effects of a 2-week step tapering period on lower-limb muscle power, change of direction (COD) and acceleration capacities, and on the stress-recovery state in an amateur soccer team. Twenty-two male players were included in the study. After a 6-week progressive training, the sample was divided into experimental group (EG) (n = 11), which did a 2-week period of taper in which training volume was 50% reduced (intensity was kept high) and control group (CG) (n = 11), which kept on with the training. Muscle power (countermovement jump test), acceleration (10-m sprint test), COD (Illinois test), and stress and recovery perceptions (RESTQ questionnaire) were evaluated before training, at the end of it (pretapering, PRE-TP) and after the tapering period (posttapering, POST-TP). After the taper, the EG in comparison with the CG showed significantly improved power (1,029.71 ± 108.51 W·kg−1 vs. 1,084.21 ± 110.87 W·kg−1; p ≤ 0.01), acceleration (1.72 ± 0.09 seconds vs. 1.67 ± 0.07 seconds; p ≤ 0.05), and lower stress levels (1.9 ± 0.5 vs. 1.6 ± 0.5; p ≤ 0.01) (PRE-TP vs. POST-TP, respectively). Change of direction did not show significant changes. In conclusion, a 2-week step tapering program was found to be an effective periodization strategy to increase muscle power and acceleration, and to reduce stress perception in soccer amateur players.
Pathways and Mechanisms that Prevent Genome Instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Putnam Christopher D , Kolodner Richard D 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Genome rearrangements result in mutations that underlie many human diseases, and ongoing genome instability likely contributes to the development of many cancers. The tools for studying genome instability in mammalian cells are limited, whereas model organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae are more amenable to these studies. Here, we discuss the many genetic assays developed to measure the rate of occurrence of Gross Chromosomal Rearrangements (called GCRs) in S. cerevisiae. These genetic assays have been used to identify many types of GCRs, including translocations, interstitial deletions, and broken chromosomes healed by de novo telomere addition, and have identified genes that act in the suppression and formation of GCRs. Insights from these studies have contributed to the understanding of pathways and mechanisms that suppress genome instability and how these pathways cooperate with each other. Integrated models for the formation and suppression of GCRs are discussed.
Metabolomic Studies in Drosophila
Authors: Cox James E , Thummel Carl S , Tennessen Jason M 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Metabolomic analysis provides a powerful new tool for studies of Drosophila physiology. This approach allows investigators to detect thousands of chemical compounds in a single sample, representing the combined contributions of gene expression, enzyme activity, and environmental context. Metabolomics has been used for a wide range of studies in Drosophila, often providing new insights into gene function and metabolic state that could not be obtained using any other approach. In this review, we survey the uses of metabolomic analysis since its entry into the field. We also cover the major methods used for metabolomic studies in Drosophila and highlight new directions for future research.
A Neurotransmitter Atlas of theCaenorhabditis elegansMale Nervous System Reveals Sexually Dimorphic Neurotransmitter Usage
Authors: Serrano-Saiz Esther , Pereira Laura , Gendrel Marie , Aghayeva Ulkar , Bhattacharya Abhishek , Howell Kelly , Garcia L Rene , Hobert Oliver 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, Serrano-Saiz et al. map the neurotransmitter identity of neurons in the Caenorhabditis elegans male nervous system, thereby providing...The nervous system of most animals is sexually dimorphic but such dimorphisms are generally poorly mapped on an anatomical, cellular, and molecular level. The adult nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans displays a number of clearly defined anatomical sexual dimorphisms, but molecular features of sexually dimorphic neurons remain sparse. In this resource paper, we provide a comprehensive atlas of neurotransmitters used in the nervous system of the male and compare it to that of the hermaphrodite. Among the three major neurotransmitter systems, acetylcholine (ACh) is the most frequently used, followed by glutamate (Glu), and lastly γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Many male-specific neurons utilize multiple neurotransmitter systems. Interestingly, we find that neurons that are present in both sexes alter their neurotransmitter usage depending on the sex of the animal. One neuron scales up its usage of ACh, another becomes serotonergic in males, and another one adds a new neurotransmitter (glutamate) to its nonsex-specific transmitter (ACh). In all these cases, neurotransmitter changes are correlated with substantial changes in synaptic connectivity. We assembled the neurotransmitter maps of the male-specific nervous system into a comprehensive atlas that describes the anatomical position of all the neurons of the male-specific nervous system relative to the sex-shared nervous system. We exemplify the usefulness of the neurotransmitter atlas by using it as a tool to define the expression pattern of a synaptic organizer molecule in the male tail. Taken together, the male neurotransmitter atlas provides an entry point for future functional and developmental analysis of the male nervous system.
Controlling Phlebotomy Volume Diminishes PICU Transfusion: Implementation Processes and Impact
Authors: Steffen Katherine , Doctor Allan , Hoerr Julie , Gill Jeff , Markham Chris , Brown Sarah M. , Cohen Daniel , Hansen Rose , Kryzer Emily , Richards Jessica , Small Sara , Valentine Stacey , York Jennifer L. , Proctor Enola K. , Spinella Philip C. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Phlebotomy excess contributes to anemia in PICU patients and increases the likelihood of red blood cell transfusion, which is associated with risk of adverse outcomes. Excessive phlebotomy reduction (EPR) strategies may reduce the need for transfusion, but have not been evaluated in a PICU population. We hypothesized that EPR strategies, facilitated by implementation science methods, would decrease excess blood drawn and reduce transfusion frequency.

METHODS:
Quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Patient and blood draw data were collected with survey and focus group data to evaluate knowledge and attitudes before and after EPR intervention. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to interpret qualitative data. Multivariate regression was employed to adjust for potential confounders for blood overdraw volume and transfusion incidence.

RESULTS:
Populations were similar pre- and postintervention. EPR strategies decreased blood overdraw volumes 62% from 5.5 mL (interquartile range 1–23) preintervention to 2.1 mL (interquartile range 0–7.9 mL) postintervention (P &lt; .001). Fewer patients received red blood cell transfusions postintervention (32.1% preintervention versus 20.7% postintervention, P = .04). Regression analyses showed that EPR strategies reduced blood overdraw volume (P &lt; .001) and lowered transfusion frequency (P = .05). Postintervention surveys reflected a high degree of satisfaction (93%) with EPR strategies, and 97% agreed EPR was a priority postintervention.

CONCLUSIONS:
Implementation science methods aided in the selection of EPR strategies and enhanced acceptance which, in this cohort, reduced excessive overdraw volumes and transfusion frequency. Larger trials are needed to determine if this approach can be applied in broader PICU populations.
Clinical Application of Targeted Deep Sequencing in Solid-Cancer Patients and Utility for Biomarker-Selected Clinical Trials
Authors: Kim Seung Tae , Kim Kyoung-Mee , Kim Nayoung K.D. , Park Joon Oh , Ahn Soomin , Yun Jae-Won , Kim Kyu-Tae , Park Se Hoon , Park Peter J. , Kim Hee Cheol , Sohn Tae Sung , Choi Dong Il , Cho Jong Ho , Heo Jin Seok , Kwon Wooil , Lee Hyuk , Min Byung-Hoon , Hong Sung No , Park Young Suk , Lim Ho Yeong , Kang Won Ki , Park Woong-Yang , Lee Jeeyun 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Molecular profiling of actionable mutations in refractory cancer patients has the potential to enable “precision medicine,” wherein individualized therapies are guided based on genomic profiling. The molecular-screening program was intended to route participants to different candidate drugs in trials based on clinical-sequencing reports. In this screening program, we used a custom target-enrichment panel consisting of cancer-related genes to interrogate single-nucleotide variants, insertions and deletions, copy number variants, and a subset of gene fusions. From August 2014 through April 2015, 654 patients consented to participate in the program at Samsung Medical Center. Of these patients, 588 passed the quality control process for the 381-gene cancer-panel test, and 418 patients were included in the final analysis as being eligible for any anticancer treatment (127 gastric cancer, 122 colorectal cancer, 62 pancreatic/biliary tract cancer, 67 sarcoma/other cancer, and 40 genitourinary cancer patients). Of the 418 patients, 55 (12%) harbored a biomarker that guided them to a biomarker-selected clinical trial, and 184 (44%) patients harbored at least one genomic alteration that was potentially targetable. This study demonstrated that the panel-based sequencing program resulted in an increased rate of trial enrollment of metastatic cancer patients into biomarker-selected clinical trials. Given the expanding list of biomarker-selected trials, the guidance percentage to matched trials is anticipated to increase.
De Nederlanse casus: Een politiek gevecht om de grondwetsherziening
Authors: Erasmus Jan Pelle 
Published: July 2017

The political struggle leading up to the Dutch Constitution of 19831 is an empirical theoretical relevant case. A particular theoretical point of view (called the theoretical perspective of scientific legal intervention) appears to be important with respect to knowledge about contitution building. A preponderating identical habitus of constitutional law intervention was characteristic for all political actors involved on the Dutch national level. In revising the Dutch Constitution of 1983 these actors have been influenced by the international context. However, 'the' international context does not exist. Instead there have been four international politically relevant contexts in the case of the Netherlands between 1945 and 1983. These contexts provoked national political issues and could have a strong political impact.
Oordrag van eiendomsreg en die vulgêre reg in die Wes-Romeinse ryk
Authors: Schutte PJW 
Published: July 2017

It is generally accepted that an abstract system is applied in South Africa with regard to the transfer of ownership. It is a characteristic of the abstract system that the different legal acts which form part of the process, namely the obligatory agreement, delivery of the thing concerned or registration, and the real agreement are separated from each other and that each has its own requirements. However, there is no certainty about the question as to whether or not this distinction stems from Roman law. The purpose of this article is to ascertain whether the distinction between the different legal acts existed in the vulgar law.
It appears that the legal position in the vulgar law differs from South African law in that no distinction between the obligatory agreement and delivery of the thing existed. The conclusion of the sale, payment of the purchase price and the delivery of the merx took place simultaneously. It was considered to be one single act which also transferred ownership from one person to another. It furthermore appears that the intention of the parties to transfer ownership played a very important role. Yet, it was only the intention that existed at the time when the obligatory agreement was entered into, that mattered. Ownership did not pass by virtue of a separate meeting of the minds which could be abstracted from the obligatory agreement.
Although certain formal requirements, the purpose of which were to enable the state to collect taxes, had been introduced in the vulgar law, writing and registration had not been regarded as formal requirements for the transfer of ownership in immovable property. Yet, the practice had been to draw written documents relating to the contract of sale, and to register them in municipal registers. This form of registration, however, is not tantamount to registration in the Deeds Registry.
The conclusion is that an independent real agreement, which could be abstracted from the obligatory agreement was unknown to the vulgar law. There was no clear-cut distinction between the different legal acts such as that existing in South African law at present.
Aantekeninge oor die Wet op Huurbehuising 50 van 1999
Authors: De la Harpe SPLR 
Published: July 2017

On 1 August 2000 the Rental Housing Act 50 of 1999 came into operation. This is a typical example of an act which attempts to, in conjunction with the private sector, provide for third generation fundamental rights. This note concentrates on the influence of the act on the contractual aspects of the rental agreement.
Sections 4 and 5 have a direct influence on the relationship between the landlord and tenant. In particular matters like unfair discrimination and the right to privacy are addressed. Certain rights are afforded to third parties namely the members of the tenant’s household and bona fide visitors.
Important aspects are inter alia the right to have the agreement reduced to writing and the provisions which are deemed to be contained in the agreement. This includes, amongst others, the right to receive receipts, certain information, payment of a deposit, interest on the deposit and the inspection of the property.
The conclusion is made that the act is a welcome replacement of the Rent Control Act. There are however certain practicalities which could jeopardise the success of the act. It is unlikely that the provinces have the capacity to implement the act. The protection provided by the act to the lower income groups may not materialise as they often do not know their rights and would often rather suffer the bad living conditions than risking the possibility of loosing it altogether by complaining.
Children's Rights in the South African Constitution
Authors: Robinson JA 
Published: July 2017

Children were in many respects defenceless victims of discriminatory practices in ‘apartheid South Africa’. In fact, discrimination on the basis of gender, race and other inequalities were inscribed in the social fabric of the previous constitutional dispensation. The constitutional dispensation that came into effect on the 27th April 1994 was therefore designed to innovate social, political and legal structures that would be radically different from those of the country’s past history.
In this contribution the impact of the Constitution upon the rights of children are considered. In order to fathom the impact. a general overview of constitutional principles and provisions necessary for the comprehension of the rights of children is provided. Thereafter the rights of children expressly mentioned in the Constitution will be addressed. Attention is also paid to the equal protection and nondiscrimination provisions of the Constitution, albeit only indirectly.
The balancing of conflicting rights in the application of section 49 of The Criminal Procedure Act
Authors: De la Harpe Stephen , Van der Walt Tharien 
Published: July 2017

Section 492 of the Criminal Procedure Act3 (hereafter CPA) provides for the use of force during arrest. This provision recently came under the spotlight in the Supreme Court of Appeal4 as well as in the Constitutional Court.5 Section 49 of the CPA is shrouded in controversy, as the proposed amendment (section 7 of the Judicial Matters Second Amendment Act, 122 of 1998) has not yet been put into operation because of the resistance of the Minister of Safety and Security.
The interaction between religious freedom, equality and human dignity
Authors: Pienaar Gerrit 
Published: July 2017

In balancing religious freedom with the right to equality and human dignity of persons affected by discriminatory measures, the provisions of sections 9, 10, 15(1), 31(1) and 36 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 108 of 1996 and sections 7, 8 and 14 of the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 have to be considered. Especially in the case of racial or gender discrimination, the burden rests on the respondent to prove that the distinction is based on acknowledged church dogma or religious belief, and is of such a nature that it passes the test of a nuanced and context-sensitive form of balancing of these freedoms and the right to human dignity and equality of persons affected by them.
Improving Unsustainable Environmental Governance in South Africa: the Case for Holistic Governance
Authors: Kotze LJ 
Published: July 2017

Environmental law in South Africa has developed in a rapid fashion since the inception of the new constitutional dispensation in 1994. This development is evident from, inter alia, the constitutionalisation of the environmental right in section 24 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Section 24 contains amongst other provisions, directive principles that impose duties on government to protect the environment for present and future generations through reasonable legislative and other measures. It is apparent from section 24 that these measures should ensure environmental governance practices that are aimed at the achievement of sustainable results. The South African environmental governance regime is, however, characterised by fragmentation that may negate the achievement of sustainable environmental governance. It is argued in this article that, for environmental governance to become sustainable, it is necessary to integrate environmental governance efforts, possibly by way of a holistic approach to environmental governance. In light of the above, this article: investigates the nature and extent of fragmentation; explores reasons for fragmentation; discusses disadvantages of fragmented governance efforts in South Africa; investigates the concept of integration and holistic governance as means to achieve sustainable environmental governance results; and makes recommendations regarding the eventual achievement of integrated, holistic and sustainable environmental governance.
Developing Countries and Copyright in the Information Age - The Functional Equivalent Implementation of the WCT
Authors: Pistorius T 
Published: July 2017

Digital technology has had a profound impact on copyright law. The implementation of the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) and the enforcement of technological protection measures have led to disparate forms of copyright protection for digital and analogue media. The balance between authors’ rights and the right of the public to access copyright works has been distorted.

Copyright law is playing an ever-increasing crucial role in the Information Society. Developing countries are especially disadvantaged by diminished access to works. In this article it is argued that adherence to the principle of functional equivalence in implementing the anti-circumvention provisions of the WCT will ensure that the copyright balance is maintained and will advance the development agenda