bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction mechanism and optimal conditions for preparation of high-quality vanadium oxide films by organic sol–gel for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Sun Minghui , Wen Yuejiang , Xu Xiangdong , Wang Meng , He Qiong , Jiang Yadong , Dai Zelin , Gu Yu , Chen Zhegeng 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Although vanadium oxides (VO
x
) are important functional materials for academic research and industrial applications, the reaction mechanism of VO
x
prepared by organic sol–gel remains unclear. In order to investigate this mechanism, VO
x
organic sols were reacted at different temperatures, by which various VO
x
thin films were prepared. The products were systematically characterized by infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and a high resistance meter. Results reveal that vanadium alkoxides are created through an alcoholysis reaction of V2O5 powder and isobutyl alcohol, and then a condensation reaction of the vanadium alkoxides leads to the formation of VO
x
networks. The as-prepared sols are strongly temperature-dependent, causing different chemical structures and physical properties for the resulting VO
x
films. Particularly, a moderate temperature of 110 °C prompts both alcoholysis and condensation reactions, and thus the VO
x
films that are produced by the sol reacted at 110 °C possess a low resistivity of 23 Ω cm, a high temperature coefficient resistance (TCR) of  −3.2% K−1, and a low average transmittance of 54% in 580–1100 nm, compared with those prepared by the sols reacted at lower or higher temperatures. Therefore, 110 °C is a desirable sol temperature for producing VO
x
films serving as high-quality bolometric materials for uncooled infrared detectors. This work discloses not only the reaction mechanism of VO
x
films prepared by organic sol–gel, but also the route to yield desirable VO
x
films for optoelectronic applications.
A photoluminescence study of CuInSe2 single crystals ion implanted with 5 keV hydrogen
Authors: Yakushev M V , Krustok J , Grossberg M , Volkov V A , Mudryi A V , Martin R W 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
CuInSe2 single crystals ion implanted with 5 keV hydrogen at doses from 3  ×  1014 to 1016 cm−2 are studied by photoluminescence (PL). The PL spectra before and after implantation reveal two bands, a main dominant band centred at 0.96 eV and a lower intensity band centred at 0.93 eV. Detailed analysis of the shape of these bands, their temperature and excitation intensity dependencies allow the recombination mechanisms to be identified as band-to-tail (BT) and band-to-impurity (BI), respectively. The implantation causes gradual red shifts of the bands increasing linearly with the dose. The average depth of potential fluctuations is also estimated to increase with the dose and saturates for doses above 1015 cm−2. A model is proposed which associates the potential fluctuations with the antisite defects copper on indium site and indium on copper site. The saturation is explained by full randomization of copper and indium atoms on the cation sub-lattice.
Dependence of electric potentials at trench surfaces on ion angular distribution in plasma etching processes
Authors: Palov A P , Mankelevich Yu A , Rakhimova T V , Baklanov M R 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Ion-stimulated etching of dielectrics in radio frequency plasma results in positive charging of a trench bottom because of the significant difference in the angular distribution functions of ions and electrons. They are anisotropic for ions and quasi-isotropic for electrons. The charging leads to a decrease in the energy of the ions bombarding the trench bottom and to undesirable sputtering of the walls near the trench bottom because of the curving of the ion trajectories. This process is normally investigated by Monte Carlo methods in the absence of experimental data. In this paper the analytical dependence of the ion flux bombarding the trench bottom on a trench aspect ratio and ion angular distribution function is obtained. Numerical calculations of the electric potential on the trench bottom for a set of trench aspect ratios and angles of the ion angular distribution function were performed based on a Monte Carlo method to demonstrate the ion flux and electric potential correlated well with each other. The proposed formula for an ion flux is suggested to be helpful for analyzing charging the trenches with different aspect ratios in plasma with an arbitrary angular ion distribution function.
Numerical study of the anode boundary layer in atmospheric pressure arc discharges
Authors: Semenov I L , Krivtsun I V , Reisgen U 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The anode boundary layer in atmospheric pressure arc discharges is studied numerically on the basis of the hydrodynamic (diffusion) equations for plasma components. The governing equations are formulated in a unified manner without the assumptions of thermal equilibrium, ionization equilibrium or quasi-neutrality. For comparison, a quasi-neutral model of the anode layer is also considered. The numerical computations are performed for an argon arc at typical values of the current density in anode layers (500–2000 A cm−2). The results of numerical modelling show that the common collisionless model of the sheath fails to describe the sheath region for the problem under consideration. For this reason, a detailed analysis of the anode sheath is performed using the results of unified modelling. In addition, the distributions of plasma parameters in the anode layer are analysed and the basic characteristics of the layer (anode voltage drop, sheath voltage drop, anode layer thickness, sheath thickness, heat flux to the anode) are calculated. Our results are found to be in good agreement with the existing theoretical predictions and experimental data. The dependence of the anode layer characteristics on the current density is also discussed.
Computational characterization of plasma effects in ultrafast laser irradiation of spherical gold nanostructures for photothermal therapy
Authors: Hatef Ali , Darvish Behafarid , Burke Adam , Dagallier Adrien , Meunier Michel 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Ultrashort pulsed lasers can provide high peak intensity with low pulse fluence. This makes them an ideal choice in photothermal therapy and applications where damage to the surrounding material needs to be minimized. Depending on the peak intensity, the ultrashort pulsed laser’s interaction with matter can lead to plasma formation through nonlinear effects such as multiphoton and impact electron excitation. The capability of the spherical gold nanoparticles, as the most employed nanoparticle so far for photothermal therapy, to enhance and strongly localize the incident laser field leads to plasma formation around the particles at even lower pulse fluences. Under certain circumstances, during the pulse duration, this plasma can absorb more energy than the nanoparticle itself. Consequently, the absorbed energy by the generated plasma can act as an energy source for different phenomena such as the evolution of the temperature distribution, thermoelastic stress generation, and stress-induced bubble formation. In this paper, we study the plasma-mediated interaction of a 45 fs pulsed laser with two types of spherical gold nanoparticles in water: solid nanoparticle and core–shell (silica–gold) nanoparticle. We use a numerical framework based on the finite element method (FEM) to compare energy deposition profiles in these nanoparticles and in their surrounding plasma, by focusing on the impact of the nanoparticle size and the laser fluence. Our calculations show that the maximum energy deposition in plasma occurs in core–shell nanoparticles with a diameter of 130 nm and the ratio of core to shell radius of 0.8 and in solid nanoparticles with a diameter of 170 nm.
A Novel Atomic Force Microscope with Multi-Mode Scanner
Authors: Qin Chun , Zhang Haijun , Xu Rui , Han Xu , Wang Shuying 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A new type of atomic force microscope (AFM) with multi-mode scanner is proposed. The AFM system provides more than four scanning modes using a specially designed scanner with three tube piezoelectric ceramics and three stack piezoelectric ceramics. Sample scanning of small range with high resolution can be realized by using tube piezos, meanwhile, large range scanning can be achieved by stack piezos. Furthermore, the combination with tube piezos and stack piezos not only realizes high-resolution scanning of small samples with large- scale fluctuation structure, but also achieves small range area-selecting scanning. Corresponding experiments are carried out in terms of four different scanning modes showing that the AFM is of reliable stability, high resolution and can be widely applied in the fields of micro/nano-technology.
Three-Photon Luminescence of Gold Nanorods Excited by 1040 nm Femtosecond Laser for High Contrast Tissue and In Vivo Imaging
Authors: Wang Shaowei , Zhao Xinyuan , Zhang Hequn , Cai Fuhong , Qian Jun 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Gold Nanorods (GNRs) with tunable aspect ratios can strongly absorb and scatter light in the NIR region due to their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) property, and have been demonstrated to exhibit strong plasmon enhanced multiphoton luminescence (MPL) with brightness many times stronger than the conventional organic chromophores. In this study, we synthesized GNRs with longitudinal LSPR peak at 1036 nm to match our home-built light source 1040 nm femtosecond laser, which locates in the “optical window” where the tissue absorbs relatively little light. PEGylated GNRs with great biocompatibility were intravenously injected through the tail vein into mice. Excited by 1040 nm laser, the GNRs exhibit bright three-photon luminescence (3PL) signals while circulating in the blood vessels. The use of GNRs as bright contrast agents for 3PL imaging of mouse ear blood vessels in vivo was demonstrated. And GNRs targeted in tissues can be excited by 1040 nm laser and could be clearly visualized with no autofluorescence background. These results indicated that 3PL of GNRs is very promising for deep in vivo bioimaging and assessing the distribution of GNRs in tissues with high contrast.
Polarization-dependent refractive index fiber-optic sensor based on the core-offset with a taper
Authors: Wang Youqing , Shen Changyu , Lou Weimin , Shentu Fengying 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A polarization-dependent refractive index sensor based on the in-fiber Mach- Zehnder interferometer which is constructed by core-offset fusion splicing a tapered polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) with a length of 20 mm between the core-offset and the taper is proposed. Due to the introduced high environment-sensitivity of the two orthogonal polarization modes in the PMF and the enhancing effect of the tapered PMF, The sensitivity of the fast axis and the slow axis up to ∼-107.51 nm/RI and ∼-74.54 nm/RI in the RI range between 1.333 and 1.381 is obtained, respectively. Such kinds of low-cost and highly sensitive fiber-optic RI sensors would find applications in chemical or biochemical sensing fields.
Design of visible/infrared double-band spectral imager
Authors: Tianjin Tang , Zhuo Zhang , Bao-hua Wang 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
OFFNER hyperspectral imager using convex grating as spectral splitting component has many merits including large relative aperture, no smile, small key stone, compact construction and easier assembly and etc, has widely used in many occasions of various fields. Design of double-band hyperspectral imager using OFFNER structure is presented in this paper. SHAFER fore telescope system and convex grating imaging are adopted, groove etching density is different in different region on the same substrate for different spectral band, and different diffractive order is used respectively to split the two spectral bands. The optical system achieves good image quality in wide spectral range, compact construction and small volume. And all the reflective curved face are sphere, moderate tolerances are good for the processing and alignment.
Fluorescence enhancement with metamaterial mirrors
Authors: Qin Jian , Wang Wei , Luo Si , Chen Xingxing , Qiu Min , Li Qiang 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the strongly enhanced photoluminescence of the fluorescent molecules on the metamaterial mirror. The matematerial mirror can optimize the reflection phase to provide a large electric field for the 20-nm-thick active layer. Compared with the smooth gold plate, the experimental result shows a nearly 45 times enhancement.
Ultra-broad band absorber made by tungsten and aluminium
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhao Ding , Li Qiang , Qiu Min 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A broadband absorber comprising tungsten cubic arrays, a alumina layer and a tungsten film, is numerically and experimentally investigated, which exhibits near-unity absorption of visible and near-infrared light from 400 nm to 1150 nm. Benefiting from high melting points of tungsten and alumina, this device has great application potential in solar cells and thermal emission.
Persistence of Masked Hypertension in Chinese
Patients
Authors: Wei Fang-Fei , Li Yan , Zhang Lu , Shan Xiao-Li , Cheng Yi-Bang , Wang Ji-Guang , Yang Chuan-Hua , Staessen Jan A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Masked hypertension (MH) has 10–15% prevalence and carries risk similar to that of sustained hypertension, but its short-term persistence remains uncertain.

METHODS
Forty-five patients with MH (mean age 52.2 years; 37.8% women) were enrolled in the placebo arm of a randomized clinical trial of Chinese medicine (NCT02156024) and followed up for 4 weeks. MH was office normotension (&lt;140/90mm Hg) and daytime (8:00–18:00) hypertension (≥135/85mm Hg).

RESULTS
At enrolment, office and daytime systolic/diastolic blood pressure (BP) averaged 129.0/80.6mm Hg and 132.9/88.9mm Hg, respectively. Daytime BP thresholds for MH were met in 5 patients (11.1%) for systolic BP, in 25 (55.6%) for diastolic BP and in 15 (33.3%) for both. At follow-up, systolic and diastolic BP had not changed compared with baseline ( P ≥ 0.12), except for a 2.1mm Hg decrease in office systolic BP ( P = 0.049). MH remained present in 28 patients (62.2%; 95% CI, 48.1–76.3%), whereas 13 (28.9%; 15.7–42.1%) and 4 (8.9%; 0.6–17.2%) converted to normotension (daytime BP &lt;135/85mm Hg) or sustained hypertension (office BP ≥140/90mm Hg), respectively. Substituting daytime by 24-hour BP, using 130/80mm Hg as threshold, produced consistent results. Systolic office BP at baseline independently predicted persistence of MH or progression to sustained hypertension at 4 weeks (odds ratio per 1 − SD increase, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.06–11.2; P = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS
The information that MH persists over 4 weeks in over two-thirds of this sample of patients should inform future clinical trials and guidelines.
Associations Between Genetic Variants of the Natriuretic Peptide
System and Blood Pressure Response to Dietary Sodium Intervention: The GenSalt
Study
Authors: Chen Shufeng , Huang Jianfeng , Zhao Qi , Chen Jing , Jaquish Cashell E. , He Jiang , Lu Xiangfeng , Yang Xueli , Gu Charles C. , Hixson James E. , Liu Fangchao , Rice Treva K. , Cao Jie , Chen Jichun , Gu Dongfeng 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to comprehensively test the association of genetic variants in the natriuretic peptide (NP) system with blood pressure (BP) response to dietary sodium intervention in a Chinese population.

METHODS
We conducted a 7-day low-sodium intervention followed by a 7-day high-sodium intervention among 1,906 participants in rural China. BP measurements were obtained at baseline and each dietary intervention using a random-zero sphygmomanometer. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess the associations of 48 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 6 genes of NP system with BP response to dietary sodium intervention.

RESULTS
SNP rs5063 in the NPPA gene and SNP rs2077386 in the NPPC gene exhibited significant associations with BP response to low-sodium dietary intervention under recessive genetic model. For rs5063, absolute mean arterial pressure responses (95% confidence interval) to the low-sodium intervention were 1.31 (−1.08, 3.70) mm Hg for TT genotype and −3.74 (−4.01, −3.46) mm Hg for CC or TC genotype, respectively ( P = 4.1 × 10 −5 ). Individuals with at least one copy of the C allele of rs2077386 had significantly reduction in systolic BP during the low-sodium intervention compared to those with genotype GG with responses of −5.48 (−5.83, −5.14) vs. −2.76 (−3.52, −2.00) mm Hg, respectively ( P = 1.9 × 10 −13 ).

CONCLUSIONS
These novel findings suggested that genetic variants of NP system may contribute to the variation of BP response to sodium intervention in Chinese population. Certainly, replication of these results in other populations and further functional studies are warranted to clarify their role in the regulation of BP and hypertension.
The formation of massive, quiescent galaxies at cosmic noon
Authors: Feldmann Robert , Hopkins Philip F. , Quataert Eliot , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Kereš Dušan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The cosmic noon (z ∼ 1.5–3) marked a period of vigorous star formation for most galaxies. However, about a third of the more massive galaxies at those times were quiescent in the sense that their observed stellar populations are inconsistent with rapid star formation. The reduced star formation activity is often attributed to gaseous outflows driven by feedback from supermassive black holes, but the impact of black hole feedback on galaxies in the young Universe is not yet definitively established. We analyse the origin of quiescent galaxies with the help of ultrahigh resolution, cosmological simulations that include feedback from stars but do not model the uncertain consequences of black hole feedback. We show that dark matter haloes with specific accretion rates below ∼0.25–0.4 Gyr−1 preferentially host galaxies with reduced star formation rates and red broad-band colours. The fraction of such haloes in large dark matter only simulations matches the observed fraction of massive quiescent galaxies (∼1010–1011 M⊙). This strongly suggests that halo accretion rate is the key parameter determining which massive galaxies at z ∼ 1.5–3 become quiescent. Empirical models that connect galaxy and halo evolution, such as halo occupation distribution or abundance matching models, assume a tight link between galaxy properties and the masses of their parent haloes. These models will benefit from adding the specific accretion rate of haloes as a second model parameter.
Prius: From Differentiated Genes to Affected Pathways
Authors: Patil Shailesh , Venkatesh Bharath , Singh Randeep 
Published: February 2016

AbstractExpression analysis and variant calling workflows are employed to identify genes that either exhibit a differential behaviour or have a significant functional impact of mutations. This is always followed by pathway analysis which provides greater insights and simplifies explanation of observed phenotype. The current techniques used towards this purpose have some serious limitations. Only a small number of genes which satisfy certain thresholds are used for pathway analysis. All the shortlisted genes are treated as equal ignoring the differences in p-values and fold changes. These genes are treated as independent entities and interactions among them are ignored for statistical pathway analysis. Hence, there is serious disconnect between the techniques employed and networked nature of the data. Various Pathway data ases have great degree of discordance on structure of pathway graphs. Many of the pathways are still far from complete. Current algorithms do not take into account this uncertainty. In this paper, we propose a theoretical frameworkPriusto overcome many limitations of current techniques. Prius perturbs the gene expression fold changes through interaction network and generates an ordered list of affected pathways. Thus, it integrates the networked nature of the data and provides facility to weigh each gene differently and in the process we do away with the need of arbitrary cut-offs. This framework is designed to be modular and provides the researchers with flexibility to plug analytical tools of their choice for every component. We also demonstrate effectiveness of our approach for personalized and cohort analysis of cancer gene expression samples with PageRank as one of the modules in the framework. The R package for Prius is available on GitHub.
Research on convertible bond pricing efficiency based on nonparametric fixed effect panel data model
Authors: Yan Honglei , Yang Suigen , zhao shengmin 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the pricing efficiency of convertible bonds and arbitrage opportunities between the convertible bonds and the underlying stocks thus improve market efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using nonparametric fixed effect panel data model, the authors build pricing model of convertible bonds and obtain fitted value for them. Then the authors constructs simultaneous confidence band for the smooth function to identify mispricing and study the pricing efficiency and arbitrage opportunities of convertible bonds.

Findings
– Result shows, convertible bonds’ prices largely depend on stock prices. Pricing efficiency does not improve during the past few years as there are quite a few trading opportunities. Arbitrage opportunities increase as the stock prices approach it maxima, and selling opportunities for convertible bonds surpass buying opportunities which indicates that investors use market neutral strategies to arbitrage. Pricing efficiencies varies a lot and it is affected by the features of the stocks and convertible bonds. Index stocks eligible for margin trading with high liquidity enjoy higher pricing efficiency.

Research limitations/implications
– The study does not take into account trading cost and risk management measures.

Practical/implications
– Arbitrage between the underlying and the convertible bonds is profitable and contributes to pricing efficiency therefore should be encouraged. The regulator should pay attention to the extreme mispricing of the underlying and convertible bonds which cannot be corrected by the market as there might be manipulation.

Originality/value
– Since traditional pricing methods are based on the framework of non-arbitrage equilibrium with the assumption of balanced and perfect market, there are many restrictions in the pricing process and the practical utility is somewhat limited, and the impractical assumptions lead to model risk. This study uses nonparametric regression to study the pricing of convertible bonds thus circumvents the problem of model risk. Simultaneous confidence band for smooth function identifies mispricing and explicitly reflects the variation of pricing efficiency as well as signalizes trading opportunities. Application of nonparametric regression and simultaneous confidence band in derivative pricing is advantageous in accuracy and simplicity.