bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choosing outcome assessment tools in haemophilia care and research: a multidisciplinary perspective
Authors: Fischer K. , Poonnoose P. , Dunn A. L. , Babyn P. , Manco‐Johnson M. J. , David J. A. , van der Net J. , Feldman B. , Berger K. , Carcao M. , de Kleijn P. , Silva M. , Hilliard P. , Doria A. , Srivastava A. , Blanchette V. ,   the participants of the International Symposium on Outcome Measures in Hemophilic Arthropathy
Published: September 2016

IntroductionThe implementation of early long‐term, regular clotting factor concentrate (CFC) replacement therapy (‘prophylaxis’) has made it possible to offer boys with haemophilia a near normal life. Many different regimens have reported favourable results, but the optimum treatment regimens have not been established and the cost of prophylaxis is very high. Both for optimizing treatment and reimbursement issues, there is a need to provide objective evidence of both short‐ and long‐term results and benefits of prophylactic regimens.AimsThis report presents a critical review of outcome measures for use in the assessment of musculoskeletal health in persons with haemophilia according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This framework considers structural and functional changes, activities and participation in a context of both personal and environmental factors.MethodsResults were generated by a combination of a critical review of available literature plus expert opinion derived from a two day consensus conference between 48 health care experts from different disciplines involved in haemophilia assessment and care. Outcome tools used in haemophilia were reviewed for reliability and validity in different patient groups and for resources required.Results and conclusionRecommendations for choice of outcome tools were made according to the ICF domains, economic setting, and reason for use (clinical or research). The next step will be to identify a ‘core’ set of outcome measures for use in clinical care or studies evaluating treatment.
No Change in Interictal PACAP Levels in Peripheral Blood in Women With Chronic Migraine
Authors: Cernuda‐Morollón Eva , Riesco Nuria , Martínez‐Camblor Pablo , Serrano‐Pertierra Esther , García‐Cabo Carmen , Pascual Julio 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo determine total pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in peripheral blood as a potential marker of the activation of the parasympathetic arm of the trigemino‐vascular system in chronic migraine (CM) in a case‐control study.MethodsWomen older than 17 and diagnosed as CM were recruited. Healthy women with no headache history and women with episodic migraine (EM) served as control groups. Total PACAP and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels were determined in blood samples obtained from the right antecubital vein by ELISA outside a migraine attack and having taken no symptomatic medication the day before.ResultsWe assessed serum samples from 86 women with CM, 32 healthy women, and 35 women with EM. There were no differences in PACAP levels in CM patients (109.8 ± 43.8, 97.4 [32.5–253.1] pg/mL), controls (108.7 ± 43.0, 98.7 [50.7–197.3] pg/mL), or EM patients (98.8 ± 34.3, 94.2 [52.0–190.7] pg/mL). VIP levels were significantly increased (P = .027) in CM as compared to control healthy women (136.0 ± 111.5 pg/mL; 103.1 [20.5–534.0] pg/mL vs 88.6 ± 61.0 pg/mL; 66.0 [21.1–256.1]) and EM patients (103.0 ± 56.7 pg/mL; 103.5 [15.2–263.0] pg/mL). In the range of this study variables such as age, CM duration, the presence of aura, analgesic overuse, depression, fibromyalgia, vascular risk factors, history of triptan consumption or kind of preventative treatment did not significantly influence PACAP or VIP levels.ConclusionIn contrast to VIP, interictal PACAP level measured in peripheral blood does not seem to be a biomarker reflecting parasympathetic activation in CM.
GATA3 expression in primary vulvar Paget disease: a potential pitfall leading to misdiagnosis of pagetoid urothelial intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Morbeck Diogo , Tregnago Aline C , Netto Glauco Baiocchi , Sacomani Carlos , Peresi Patricia M , Osório Cynthia T , Schutz Luciana , Bezerra Stephania M , de Brot Louise , Cunha Isabela W 
Published: September 2016

AimsGATA3 has been reported as a specific urothelial marker among organs in the pelvic region, and has been classified as highly sensitive and specific for urothelial and breast carcinomas. Our aim was to verify GATA3 expression in extramammary Paget disease, and to determine whether it can be use to differentiate primary vulvar Paget disease from pagetoid urothelial intraepithelial neoplasia (PUIN). We also analysed HER2 protein expression and HER2 gene amplification and their roles as prognostic factors in extramammary Paget disease.Methods and resultsWe analysed GATA3 and HER2 expression in 11 primary vulvar Paget disease cases and two PUIN cases. All cases showed nuclear expression of GATA3. Of 13 cases, five were equivocal for HER2 expression (score 2+) and one was positive (3+). Fluorescence in‐situ hybridization results showed amplification in two of these six cases. Both HER2‐amplified cases were invasive.ConclusionGATA3 was positive in all extramammary Paget disease cases tested (13 cases), and it has no value for differentiating between primary and secondary vulvar Paget disease from the urological tract. HER2 amplification might confer an aggressive and invasive pattern in primary vulvar Paget disease, as both amplified cases showed an invasive pattern.
Expectations and responsibilities regarding the sale of complementary medicines in pharmacies: perspectives of consumers and pharmacy support staff
Authors: Iyer Priya , McFarland Reanna , La Caze Adam 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background
Most sales of complementary medicines within pharmacies are conducted by pharmacy support staff. The absence of rigorous evidence for the effectiveness of many complementary medicines raises a number of ethical questions regarding the sale of complementary medicines in pharmacies.

Aim
Explore (1) what consumers expect from pharmacists/pharmacies with regard to the sale of complementary medicines, and (2) how pharmacy support staff perceive their responsibilities when selling complementary medicines.

Methods
One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of pharmacy support staff and consumers in pharmacies in Brisbane. Consumers were asked to describe their expectations when purchasing complementary medicines. Pharmacy support staff were asked to describe their responsibilities when selling complementary medicines. Interviews were conducted and analysed using the techniques developed within Grounded Theory.

Key Findings
Thirty-three consumers were recruited from three pharmacies. Consumers described complementary medicine use as a personal health choice. Consumer expectations on the pharmacist included: select the right product for the right person, expert product knowledge and maintaining a wide range of good quality stock. Twenty pharmacy support staff were recruited from four pharmacies. Pharmacy support staff employed processes to ensure consumers receive the right product for the right person. Pharmacy support staff expressed a commitment to aiding consumers, but few evaluated the reliability of effectiveness claims regarding complementary medicines.

Conclusions
Pharmacists need to respect the personal health choices of consumers while also putting procedures in place to ensure safe and appropriate use of complementary medicines. This includes providing appropriate support to pharmacy support staff.
Enhanced pro‐protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 expression by C‐reactive protein through p38MAPK‐HNF1α pathway in HepG2 cells
Authors: Cui Chuan‐Jue , Li Sha , Zhu Cheng‐Gang , Sun Jing , Du Ying , Zhang Yan , Wu Na‐Qiong , Guo Yuan‐Lin , Xu Rui‐Xia , Gao Ying , Li Jian‐Jun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPlasma C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentration is associated positively with cardiovascular risk, including dyslipidemia. We suggested a regulating role of CRP on pro‐protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a key regulator of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism, and demonstrated the PCSK9 as a pathway linking CRP and LDL regulation. Firstly, experiments were carried out in the presence of human CRP on the protein and mRNA expression of PCSK9 and LDL receptor (LDLR) in human hepatoma cell line HepG2 cells. Treatment with CRP (10 μg/ml) enhanced significantly the mRNA and protein expression of PCSK9 and suppressed the expression of LDLR. Of note, a late return of LDLR mRNA levels occurred at 12 hrs, while the LDLR protein continued to decrease at 24 hrs, suggesting that the late decrease in LDLR protein levels was unlikely to be accounted for the decrease in LDL mRNA. Secondly, the role of PCSK9 in CRP‐induced LDLR decrease and the underlying pathways were investigated. As a result, the inhibition of PCSK9 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) returned partly the level of LDLR protein and LDL uptake during CRP treatment; CRP‐induced PCSK9 increase was inhibited by the p38MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, resulting in a significant rescue of LDLR protein expression and LDL uptake; the pathway was involved in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) but not sterol responsive element‐binding proteins (SREBPs) preceded by the phosphorylation of p38MAPK. These findings indicated that CRP increased PCSK9 expression by activating p38MAPK‐HNF1α pathway, with a certain downstream impairment in LDL metabolism in HepG2 cells.
Community Composition of Photosynthetic Picoeukaryotes in a Subtropical Coastal Ecosystem, with Particular Emphasis on Micromonas
Authors: Lin Yun‐Chi , Chung Chih‐Ching , Chen Liang‐Yin , Gong Gwo‐Ching , Huang Chin‐Yi , Chiang Kuo‐Ping 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPhotosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPEs) are important constituents in picoplankton communities in many marine ecosystems. However, little is known about their community composition in the subtropical coastal waters of the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. In order to study their taxonomic composition, this study constructed 18S rRNA gene libraries using flow cytometric sorting during the warm season. The results show that, after diatoms, prasinophyte clones are numerically dominant. Within prasinophytes, Micromonas produced the most common sequences, and included clades II, III, IV, and VI. We are establishing the new Micromonas clade VI based on our phylogenetic analysis. Sequences of this clade have previously been retrieved from the South China Sea and Red Sea, indicating a worldwide distribution, but this is the first study to detect clade VI in the coastal waters of Taiwan. The TSA‐FISH results indicated that Micromonas clade VI peaked in the summer (~4 × 102 cells/ml), accounting for one‐fifth of Micromonas abundance on average. Overall, Micromonas contributed half of Mamiellophyceae abundance, while Mamiellophyceae contributed 40% of PPE abundance. This study demonstrates the importance of Micromonas within the Mamiellophyceae in a subtropical coastal ecosystem.
Route‐learning strategies in typical and atypical development; eye tracking reveals atypical landmark selection in Williams syndrome
Authors: Farran E. K. , Formby S. , Daniyal F. , Holmes T. , Van Herwegen J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundSuccessful navigation is crucial to everyday life. Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) have impaired spatial abilities. This includes a deficit in spatial navigation abilities such as learning the route from A to B. To‐date, to determine whether participants attend to landmarks when learning a route, landmark recall tasks have been employedafterthe route learning experience. Here, we combined virtual reality and eye tracking technologies, for the first time, to measure landmark use in typically developing (TD) children and participants with WSduringroute‐learning.MethodNineteen individuals with WS were asked to learn a route in a sparse environment (few landmarks) and in a rich environment (many landmarks) whilst their eye movements were recorded. Looking times towards landmarks were compared to TD children aged 6, 8 and 10 years. Changes in attention to landmarks during the learning process were also recorded.ResultsThe WS group made fewer looks to landmarks overall, but all participants looked for longer at landmarks that were at junctions and along the paths of the maze than landmarks that were in the distance. Few differences were observed in route learning between the sparse and rich environments. In contrast to the TD groups, those in the WS group were as likely to look at non‐unique landmarks as landmarks at junctions and on paths.DiscussionThe current results demonstrate that attention to landmarks during route learning reflects the types of landmarks remembered in memory tasks, that individuals with WS can learn a route if given sufficient exposure, but that this is accomplished within the context of an impaired ability to select appropriate landmarks.
The effects of a multigrowth factor‐containing cream on recovery after laser treatment: a double‐blinded, randomized, split‐face controlled study
Authors: Shin Sungsik , Shin Jung U , Lee Youngin , Kwon Tae Gwang , Lee Ju Hee 
Published: September 2016

SummaryBackgroundPatients who receive laser treatments may experience transient erythema, edema, and crusts for several days. Although a variety of growth factor‐containing creams for promoting recovery after laser treatment are available, evidence for their efficacy remains insufficient.AimsWe performed a randomized controlled split‐face study to assess the effects of a multigrowth factor (MGF)‐containing cream on patients recovering from laser treatment.Materials and MethodsTwenty patients underwent treatment using an ablative fractional laser and were randomized with respect to the side of the face treated with an MGF‐containing cream or control cream. We measured post‐treatment erythema and pigmentation using the erythema and melanin indices, respectively, and evaluated the total area of microcrusts with dermoscopy. Additionally, patient satisfaction levels and global improvement scores were assessed.ResultsWe found that the area of microcrusts was significantly smaller in the MGF‐treated regions. Global improvement scores for post‐treatment edema and wrinkles were also significantly higher for MGF cream‐treated sides than for the control sides.ConclusionThe MGF cream‐treated regions showed a more rapid recovery from crusts and edema. Thus, the use of an MGF‐containing cream after laser treatment can effectively reduce recovery time.
Transradial Versus Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting: A 16‐Year Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Mendiz Oscar A. , Fava Carlos , Lev Gustavo , Caponi Gaspar , Valdivieso León 
Published: September 2016

AimsLimited data exist on radial access in carotid artery stenting (CAS). This single‐center study was performed to compare the outcome and complication rates of transradial (TR) and transfemoral (TF) CAS.Methods and ResultsThe clinical and angiographic data of 775 consecutive patients with high risk for carotid endarterectomy, treated between 1999 and 2016 by CAS with cerebral protection, were evaluated. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to vascular access: TR (n = 101; 13%) and TF (n = 674). Primary combined end‐point: in‐hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebral events. Secondary end‐points: angiographic outcome of the procedure and crossover rate to another puncture site. Angiographic success was achieved in all 775 patients, the crossover rate was 4.9% in the TR and 0% in the TF group (P < 0.05). TR was performed at the right side in 97% of cases. The incidence of in‐hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebral events was 2% in the TR and 3.6% in the TF group (P = ns).ConclusionsThe TR approach for CAS is safe and efficacious, with acceptable cross‐over rate. In both groups, vascular complications rarely occurred.
Marriage‐Market Constraints and Mate‐Selection Behavior: Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Differences in Intermarriage
Authors: Choi Kate H. , Tienda Marta 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDespite theoretical consensus that marriage markets constrain mate‐selection behavior, few studies directly evaluate how local marriage‐market conditions influence intermarriage patterns. Using data from the American Community Survey, the authors examine what aspects of marriage markets influence mate selection, assess whether the associations between marriage‐market conditions and intermarriage are uniform by gender and across pan‐ethnic groups, and investigate the extent to which marriage‐market conditions account for group differences in intermarriage patterns. Relative group size is the most salient and consistent determinant of intermarriage patterns across pan‐ethnic groups and by gender. Marriage‐market constraints typically explain a larger share of pan‐ethnic differences in intermarriage rates than individual traits, suggesting that scarcity of co‐ethnic partners is a key reason behind decisions to intermarry. When faced with market constraints, men are more willing or more successful than women in crossing racial and ethnic boundaries in marriage.
Ostreopsis fattorussoi sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new benthic toxic Ostreopsis species from the eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Accoroni Stefano , Romagnoli Tiziana , Penna Antonella , Capellacci Samuela , Ciminiello Patrizia , Dell'Aversano Carmela , Tartaglione Luciana , Abboud–Abi Saab Marie , Giussani Valentina , Asnaghi Valentina , Chiantore Mariachiara , Totti Cecilia 
Published: September 2016

The new benthic toxic dinoflagellate, Ostreopsis fattorussoi sp. nov., is described from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Lebanon and Cyprus coasts, and is supported by morphological and molecular data. The plate formula, Po, 3′, 7″, 6c, 7s, 5‴, 2′′′′, is typical for the Ostreopsis genus. It differs from all other Ostreopsis species in that (i) the curved suture between plates 1′ and 3′ makes them approximately hexagonal, (ii) the 1′ plate lies in the left half of the epitheca and is obliquely orientated leading to a characteristic shape of plate 6″. The round thecal pores are bigger than the other two Mediterranean species (O. cf. ovata and O. cf. siamensis). O. fattorussoi is among the smallest species of the genus (DV: 60.07 ± 5.63 μm, AP: 25.66 ± 2.97 μm, W: 39.81 ± 5.05 μm) along with O. ovata. Phylogenetic analyses based on the LSU and internal transcribed spacer rDNA shows that O. fattorussoi belongs to the Atlantic/Mediterranean Ostreopsis spp. clade separated from the other Ostreopsis species. Ostreopsis fattorussoi produces OVTX‐a and structural isomers OVTX‐d and ‐e, O. cf. ovata is the only other species of this genus known to produce these toxins. The Lebanese O. fattorussoi did not produce the new palytoxin‐like compounds (ovatoxin‐i, ovatoxin‐j1, ovatoxin‐j2, and ovatoxin‐k) that were previously found in O. fattorussoi from Cyprus. The toxin content was in the range of 0.28–0.94 pg · cell−1. On the Lebanon coast, O. fattorussoi was recorded throughout the year 2015 (temperature range 18°C–31.5°C), with peaks in June and August.
Sleep restriction in rats leads to changes in operant behaviour indicative of reduced prefrontal cortex function
Authors: Kamphuis Jeanine , Baichel Swetlana , Lancel Marike , de Boer Sietse F. , Koolhaas Jaap M. , Meerlo Peter 
Published: September 2016

SummarySleep deprivation has profound effects on cognitive performance, and some of these effects may be mediated by impaired prefrontal cortex function. In search of an animal model to investigate this relationship we studied the influence of restricted sleep on operant conditioning in rats, particularly the performance in a differential reinforcement of low rate responding (DRL) task, which is highly dependent upon an intact prefrontal cortex. Animals were trained to withhold a lever press until an imposed delay of 30 s after the last press had passed in order to achieve a food reward. Once the animals had mastered the task, they were sleep‐restricted for 7 days with 20 h of sleep deprivation per day. At the end of each daily sleep deprivation session, performance on the DRL task was assessed. The results show that sleep‐restricted animals were less able to time their responses correctly, started pressing the lever more randomly and showed signs of behavioural disinhibition, the latter possibly reflecting enhanced impulsivity. Our data support the hypothesis that a sleep debt has disruptive consequences for the functioning of the prefrontal cortex. This model offers possibilities for future studies investigating the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms of this relationship.
Size matters: experimental partitioning of the strength of fish herbivory on a fringing coral reef in Moorea, French Polynesia
Authors: Fong Peggy , Frazier Nicholas M. , Tompkins‐Cook Cameron , Muthukrishnan Ranjan , Fong Caitlin R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWhile the importance of top‐down control by grazers in maintaining tropical reef community structure is well known, the effect of ‘fishing down the food web’, which simultaneously changes the abundance and size of herbivorous fishes, has received less attention. As many fishing practices target the biggest fish and regulations often set minimum size limits, understanding size‐dependency of this controlling force is important. We evaluated the hypothesis that reduction in the abundance and size of fish, regardless of species identity, reduces the role of herbivory in controlling algal abundance on reefs and assessed variation in efficacy of this top‐down control on different types of common macroalgae. We quantified herbivory rates within cages of differing opening sizes on assemblages of four common algal species (Padina boryana, Dictyota bartayresiana, Halimeda opuntia and Galaxaura fasciculata) on two fringing reefs in Moorea, French Polynesia. Small acanthurids (<15 cm length) were the dominant herbivorous fish while other herbivorous fish were rare. For the two most palatable algae, the majority of herbivory occurred in open plots, with herbivory reduced by >50% in the largest opening cages (6 × 6 cm) where the maximum size fish entering was 12 cm in length (mean = 7.6, SE = 0.4). Fish entering medium (4.5 × 4.5 cm openings, maximum fish length = 8 cm, mean = 6.3, SE = 0.4) and small (3 × 3 cm openings, no fish observed entering) cages had herbivory rates approximately equal to the control treatment (1 × 1 cm openings). Consumption varied among algal species, with minimal consumption of physically and chemically defended algae and no pattern across treatments. Our results demonstrate a need for management plans to not only maintain the overall abundance of herbivorous fish but to protect the largest sizes for effective top‐down control of algal communities.