bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive performance of older adults in a specialized diabetes clinic
Authors: Schimming Corbett , Luo Xiaodong , Zhang Cen , Sano Mary 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a risk factor for cognitive changes, but assessment for cognitive disorders in this population is performed infrequently. The present study examined the frequency of cognitive disorders and patterns of deficit in patients enrolled in a specialized clinic for diabetes.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted to assess cognition in Mount Sinai Diabetes Center patients. Thirty eligible subjects aged ≥50 years were assessed and compared with non‐diabetic cognitively normal control subjects, as well as non‐diabetic subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The main outcome(s) and measure(s) were obtained through cognitive assessment and diagnosis using the Alzheimer's Disease Centers’ uniform data set.ResultsForty percent of subjects were newly diagnosed with a cognitive disorder: 10% were diagnosed with dementia and 30% with MCI. Diabetic subjects performed worse on the Mini‐Mental State Examination (27.2 vs 28.4; P = 0.0132), list generation (9.5 vs 12.2; P = 0.0190), Trail Making Test, Parts A (70.1 vs 43.0; P < 0.0001) and B (197.2 vs 123.6; P < 0.0001), and the Digit Symbol test (12.7 vs 40.1; P < 0.0001) than cognitively normal individuals. Compared with subjects with MCI (amnestic type), diabetic subjects performed better on tasks of immediate and delayed recall (11.2 vs 7.3 [P = 0.0048] and 8.4 vs. 4.1 [P = 0.0003], respectively).ConclusionsUndiagnosed cognitive disorders are common and underappreciated in patients being treated in a specialized diabetes clinic. It may be important to make cognitive assessment a standard part of patient assessments.
Continuous ventilation during intubation through a supraglottic airway device guided by fiberoptic bronchoscopy: a observational assessment
Authors: Landsdalen H. E. , Berge M. , Kristensen F. , Guttormsen A. B. , Søfteland E. 
Published: November 2016

Introductionsupraglottic airway devices remain, despite advances in video laryngoscopy, important tools in the management of unexpected difficult airways. Intubation through a functioning supraglottic airway device with the aid of a fiberoptic bronchoscope is a well‐known technique usually performed in apnoea. With a simple modification, the patient can be ventilated during this procedure.MethodsIn this observational study, Tracheal intubation Assisted by Bronchoscopy And Sad during Continuous Oxygenation (TABASCO) was performed as part of department training routine in 26 elective, fasted patients. A supraglottic airway device was used as a conduit for an endotracheal tube.ResultsAll patients were easily intubated and ventilation was maintained during the procedure. The gap between the outer diameter of the fiberoptic bronchoscope and the inner diameter of the endotracheal tube was more than 2 mm in 25 of 26 patients. Effective ventilation was confirmed by clinical signs, capnography and pressure‐volume curves. No signs of airtrapping occurred.DiscussionNo adverse events were observed during this form of airway management in this small series of elective and fasted patient when performed by an anaesthesiologist experienced in fiberoptic intubation. A gap between fiberoptic bronchoscope and endotracheal tube inner lumen seems to be prerequisite for easy ventilation through the supraglottic airway. In trained hands, this technique can be a means to secure an airway with an intubating bronchoscope without pausing ventilations. A prerequisite for this is a well‐functioning supraglottic airway device.
An Examination of the Relationship Between Consequence‐Specific Normative Belief Patterns and Alcohol‐Related Consequences Among College Students
Authors: Reavy Racheal , Cleveland Michael J. , Mallett Kimberly A. , Scaglione Nichole M. , Sell Nichole M. , Turrisi Rob 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundResearch has previously identified a high‐risk subgroup of college students who experience high levels of multiple and repeated alcohol‐related consequences (MRC group). The purpose of this study was to examine the association between consequence‐specific normative influences and experiencing multiple and repeated drinking‐related consequences using a person‐centered approach. Normative subgroups were identified using latent profile analysis (LPA), which were then used to predict MRC group status at 6‐month follow‐up.MethodsFirst‐year college student drinkers (N = 2,024) at a large northeastern university completed online surveys during the fall and spring semesters of their freshman year. Retention was high with 92% of invited participants completing T2, of which the MRC group accounted for 27%.ResultsThree student profiles were identified from LPA on T1 data: Nonpermissive Parents (77%), Positive Peer and Parent Norms (21%), and Permissive Parents (3%). Logistic regression revealed that both the Positive Peer and Parent Norms and Permissive Parents profiles had significantly higher odds of MRC group membership at follow‐up (1.81 and 2.78 times greater, respectively).ConclusionsThe results suggest value in prevention efforts that include normative beliefs about alcohol‐related consequences. Further, parental norms in particular have the potential to enhance interventions, especially through direct communication of disapproval for experiencing consequences.
The use of auricular acupuncture in opioid use disorder: A systematic literature review
Authors: Baker Tanya E. , Chang Grace 
Published: November 2016

Background and ObjectivesOpioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic disease with significant personal, societal, and public health consequences. Even for the minority who receive the most effective evidence‐based treatments, morbidity, and mortality remain significant. These facts, along with the recovery movement calling for individualized, holistic, culturally sensitive care, have led to the exploration of adjunctive interventions including acupuncture. Despite hundreds of international trials, however, there is a lack of consensus regarding its efficacy in OUD due in large part to methodological issues of trials to date. In response to these issues, the National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) developed an operationalized manual auricular acupuncture protocol that has since become the most widely used in the US. This systematic review is the first to focus explicitly on randomized trials utilizing the NADA protocol as a complementary intervention to address OUD.MethodsThe methods utilized to identify studies for inclusion are based on a 2009 protocol developed by the Cochrane Collaboration.ResultsFour trials met inclusion criteria. Despite methodological issues, results indicate that while the NADA protocol may not be effective in reducing acute opiate craving or withdrawal, it may be effectively utilized as an adjunctive treatment to increase treatment retention and decrease methadone detoxification and maintenance dosages in OUD.Conclusion and Scientific SignificanceIncorporation of the NADA protocol into existing evidence‐based treatment approaches may facilitate recovery and, through its impact on treatment retention and completion, indirectly impact morbidity, and mortality in individuals with OUD. Given the limitations of the current review, conclusions are tentative and directions for future research are discussed. (Am J Addict 2016;25:592–602)
Dutasteride‐mediated morphological changes in the genitourinary tract associated with altered expression patterns of the androgen and estrogen receptors in male rats
Authors: Enatsu N. , Chiba K. , Sumii K. , Fukuda T. , Okada K. , Matsushita K. , Fujisawa M. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryWe evaluated the effects of dutasteride on the genitourinary tract using fifteen 8‐week‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats. Animals were divided into three groups comprising five animals each and treated as follows. Group A was a control group, members of Group B received oral administration of dutasteride 0.1 mg/kg/day from the age of 8 to 16 weeks, and members of Group C were castrated at the age of 8 weeks. All rats were killed at the age of 16 weeks for the sample collection of blood, bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, and penis. Then, we evaluated the pathological examination for evaluating the tissue fibrosis and hormonal receptor expression. The results showed that the mean size of the prostate and seminal vesicles was smaller in Group B and Group C than in Group A. Serum and tissue concentrations of both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were remarkably reduced in serum and all tissues in Group C compared with Group A. On the other hand, in Group B, only dihydrotestosterone was reduced in serum and penis. Histopathological examination revealed that Group C showed statistically significant histological changes, such as an increase in fibrotic tissue in the bladder, prostate, and penis. Similarly, Group B showed fibrotic changes in the prostate and penis compared with the Group A. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that the androgen receptor was more strongly expressed than the estrogen receptor beta in Group A. On the other hand, in Group C, weak expression of the androgen receptor and strong expression of the estrogen receptor beta was noted. In Group B, these changes were noted in the prostate and penis. These findings suggest that dutasteride cause morphological changes not only in prostate but also in penis. These changes are associated with altered expression patterns of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor.
Trends in publication of general surgical research in New Zealand, 1996–2015
Authors: Wells Cameron I. , Robertson Jason P. , O'Grady Gregory , Bissett Ian P. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundRecent analyses of the surgical literature have suggested a general trend towards increasing numbers of published articles and an improved quality of evidence produced. The aim of this bibliometric analysis was to identify trends in the publication of general surgical research in New Zealand from 1996 to 2015.MethodsOvid MEDLINE was searched for general surgical publications by New Zealand authors. Two investigators screened results, and a range of data were collected for included articles. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data and identify significant trends.ResultsA total of 601 articles were identified, with a progressive increase in the number of publications from 1996 to 2015. Randomized trials and systematic reviews accounted for 33 and 97 publications, respectively. The median number of authors per paper rose from 3.0 to 5.0 (P < 0.001). There was an exponential increase in the publication of randomized trials (P = 0.001) and systematic reviews (P < 0.001), while publication of basic science articles remained relatively steady (P = 0.22). The median impact factor for published articles increased from 1.5 to 2.6, which was equivalent to organic growth of the journal impact factors over the 20‐year period.ConclusionThe quality and quantity of surgical research in New Zealand has substantially increased over the past two decades. These results reflect the successful growth of a culture of academic surgery and the ongoing support of partner organizations.
Shared Social License: Mining and Conservation in the Peruvian Andes
Authors: Norris Timothy B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOver the last two decades financial relationships between conservation and extraction have become conspicuously close. Both sectors unabashedly publicized these business deals as a form of greening extraction and marketizing conservation. This essay uses a case study in Perú to propose a tentative theory of how this seemingly incompatible but very profitable union unfolds on the ground. The development of fictitious commodities in nature for each sector is examined and the labor theory of value is combined with the labor of persuasive work to expose a fundamental shared need in both sectors: in Perú's contemporary political and economic context extractive and conservation actors increasingly must persuade landowners—usually indigenous communities—to allow for specific forms of capital to flow through their territory. In some cases this need to secure the “social license” is shared across sectors and the labor to secure the license can be undertaken together.
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for retinal vascular injury
Authors: Wang Jin‐Da , An Ying , Zhang Jing‐Shang , Wan Xiu‐Hua , Jonas Jost B. , Xu Liang , Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeTo examine the potential of intravitreally implanted human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to affect vascular repair and the blood–retina barrier in mice and rats with oxygen‐induced retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy or retinal ischaemia–reperfusion damage.MethodsThree study groups (oxygen‐induced retinopathy group: 18 C57BL/6J mice; diabetic retinopathy group: 15 rats; retinal ischaemia–reperfusion model: 18 rats) received BMSCs injected intravitreally. Control groups (oxygen‐induced retinopathy group: 12 C57BL/6J mice; diabetic retinopathy group: 15 rats; retinal ischaemia–reperfusion model: 18 rats) received an intravitreal injection of phosphate‐buffered saline. We applied immunohistological techniques to measure retinal vascularization, spectroscopic measurements of intraretinally extravasated fluorescein‐conjugated dextran to quantify the blood–retina barrier breakdown, and histomorphometry to assess retinal thickness and retinal ganglion cell count.ResultsIn the oxygen‐induced retinopathy model, the study group with intravitreally injected BMSCs as compared with the control group showed a significantly (p = 0.001) smaller area of retinal neovascularization. In the diabetic retinopathy model, study group and control group did not differ significantly in the amount of intraretinally extravasated dextran. In the retinal ischaemia–reperfusion model, on the 7th day after retina injury, the retina was significantly thicker in the study group than in the control group (p = 0.02), with no significant difference in the retinal ganglion cell count (p = 0.36).ConclusionsIntravitreally implanted human BMSCs were associated with a reduced retinal neovascularization in the oxygen‐induced retinopathy model and with a potentially cell preserving effect in the retinal ischaemia–reperfusion model. Intravitreal BMSCs may be of potential interest for the therapy of retinal vascular disorders.
Abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes are very likely in cases of bilateral neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke
Authors: Jin Ju Hyun , Shin Jeong Eun , Lee Soon Min , Eun Ho Seon , Park Min Soo , Park Kook In , Namgung Ran 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimNeonatal arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS) is an important cause of severe neurological disability. This study aimed to analyse the clinical manifestations and outcomes of AIS patients.MethodsWe enrolled neonates with AIS admitted to Severance Children's Hospital and Gangnam Severance Hospital between 2008 and 2015. AIS was confirmed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We retrospectively reviewed the clinical manifestations, MRI findings, electroencephalography (EEG) findings and neurodevelopmental outcomes.ResultsThe study comprised 29 neonates (18 boys). The mean follow‐up period was 15.4 months (range 6–44 months), and the mean age at diagnosis was 8.1 days. Seizure was the most common symptom (66%). Bilateral involvement was more common than unilateral involvement (52%). The middle cerebral artery was the most commonly identified territory (79%). Abnormal EEG findings were noted in 93% of the cases. Neurodevelopment was normal in 11 (38%) patients, while cerebral palsy and delayed development were noted in eight (28%) and six (21%) patients, respectively. Patients with bilateral involvement were very likely to have abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes.ConclusionOur study showed that abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes were very likely after cases of neonatal AIS with bilateral involvement, and clinicians should consider early and more effective interventions in such cases.
Sex‐ and age‐related differences in c‐fos expression in dog olfactory bulbs
Authors: Wei Qinguo , Zhang Honghai , Ma Shisheng , Guo Dongge 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSex‐ and age‐related differences in cognitive abilities are frequently reported. However, the sex‐ and age‐related differences in dog olfaction due to biological system are still poorly understood. We examined c‐fos expression in dog olfactory bulbs by immunohistochemistry approaches. The c‐fos is mainly expressed in the olfactory glomerular layer (GL), mitral cell layer (ML) and granule cell layer (GRL). We found that a higher density of c‐fos‐positive cells could be detected in the ML of olfactory bulbs of adult female dogs compared with that in males and the c‐fos‐positive cells in females' olfactory bulbs are more distinct. Sex‐related differences in c‐fos expression also appeared in the GL of olfactory bulbs in juvenile dogs. We also discovered that the density of c‐fos‐positive cells in the GRL of adult dogs was much higher than that in the GRL of juvenile dogs. Our results indicate that cells in the olfactory bulbs of female dogs are more active than those in males and female dogs may have much stronger ability for long‐time memory of odours than male dogs. Furthermore, our results also suggest that adult dogs may have much stronger ability for long‐time memory of odours and can deal with more complicated odour information than juvenile dogs.
Mutually exclusive phylogenomic inferences at the root of the angiosperms: Amborella is supported as sister and Observed Variability is biased
Authors: Simmons Mark P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIdentifying the extant sister group to the remaining angiosperms has been a subject of long debate, for which the primary currently competing hypotheses are that Amborella alone is sister or that the clade (Amborella, Nymphaeales) is sister. Both Xi et al. (Syst. Biol., 2014, 63, 919) and Goremykin et al. (Syst. Biol., 2015, 64, 879) identified Amborella as sister in concatenation‐based phylogenetic analyses of their 310 nuclear genes and 78 plastid genes, respectively. But after application of Observed Variability‐based character subsampling, both papers reported the clade (Amborella, Nymphaeales) as sister. Hence alternative character‐sampling strategies may produce highly supported yet mutually exclusive phylogenetic inferences when applied to nuclear and plastid genomic data sets. Edwards et al. (Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 2016, 94, 447) defended Observed Variability and the (Amborella, Nymphaeales) hypothesis. In this study I respond to Edwards et al.'s (Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 2016, 94, 447) criticisms of Simmons and Gatesy (Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 2015, 91, 98) and use Edwards et al.'s (Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 2016, 94, 447) and Goremykin et al.'s (Syst. Biol., 2015, 64, 879) own data to demonstrate that the best‐supported phylogenetic hypothesis is that Amborella alone is sister and that the competing evidence in favour of the (Amborella, Nymphaeales) hypothesis is caused primarily by methodological artifacts (biased character deletion by Observed Variability, MP‐EST and STAR generally not being robust to the highly divergent and mis‐rooted gene trees that were used).
Who Cares About Your Big Day? Impact of Life Events on Dynamics of Social Networks
Authors: Srinivasan Arati , Guo Hong , Devaraj Sarv 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTWith online social networking having revolutionized the way in which individuals communicate and interact with each other, there is heightened research interest in the dynamics of social networks. This article seeks to contribute to this stream of research by addressing the key question of the impact of major life events, such as getting married or graduating from college, on social network evolution. Consistent with prior studies on the evolution of individuals’ social networks, we specifically focus on two key attributes of an individual's network: indegree of ties and relational embeddedness. By longitudinally analyzing the network activities of a large‐scale online social network, we find that the indegree of ties increased significantly following a major life event, and that this impact was stronger for more active users in the network. Interestingly, we also find that the broadcast of major life events served to revive dormant ties as reflected by a decrease in embeddedness following a life event. We also found that one‐time life events such as weddings had a greater impact than recurring life events such as birthdays on the evolution of a user's social network. From a research perspective, our study contributes to existing research by focusing on a user's communication network as opposed to friendship network and by emphasizing how exogenous life events add a different dimension to user communication patterns. The importance of life events on social network evolution has important implications for practice as well by providing insights to advertisers as well as to social networking sites.
Acute phase response in amputated tail stumps and neural tissue‐preferential expression in tail bud embryos of the Xenopus neuronal pentraxin I gene
Authors: Hatta‐Kobayashi Yuko , Toyama‐Shirai Mie , Yamanaka Takehiro , Takamori Mayuko , Wakabayashi Yoko , Naora Yuko , Kunieda Takekazu , Fukazawa Taro , Kubo Takeo 
Published: November 2016

Regeneration of lost organs involves complex processes, including host defense from infection and rebuilding of lost tissues. We previously reported that Xenopus neuronal pentraxin I (xNP1) is expressed preferentially in regenerating Xenopus laevis tadpole tails. To evaluate xNP1 function in tail regeneration, and also in tail development, we analyzed xNP1 expression in tailbud embryos and regenerating/healing tails following tail amputation in the ‘regeneration’ period, as well as in the ‘refractory’ period, when tadpoles lose their tail regenerative ability. Within 10 h after tail amputation, xNP1 was induced at the amputation site regardless of the tail regenerative ability, suggesting that xNP1 functions in acute phase responses. xNP1 was widely expressed in regenerating tails, but not in the tail buds of tailbud embryos, suggesting its possible role in the immune response/healing after an injury. xNP1 expression was also observed in neural tissues/primordia in tailbud embryos and in the spinal cord in regenerating/healing tails in both periods, implying its possible roles in neural development or function. Moreover, during the first 48 h after amputation, xNP1 expression was sustained at the spinal cord of tails in the ‘regeneration’ period tadpoles, but not in the ‘refractory’ period tadpoles, suggesting that xNP1 expression at the spinal cord correlates with regeneration. Our findings suggest that xNP1 is involved in both acute phase responses and neural development/functions, which is unique compared to mammalian pentraxins whose family members are specialized in either acute phase responses or neural functions.