bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic divergence and colour change in response to visual backgrounds and illumination intensity in bearded dragons
Authors: Cadena Viviana , Smith Kathleen R. , Endler John A. , Stuart-Fox Devi 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Animals may improve camouflage by both dynamic colour change and local evolutionary adaptation of colour but we have little understanding of their relative importance in colour-changing species. We tested for differences in colour change in response to background colour and light intensity in two populations of central bearded dragon lizards (Pogona vitticeps) representing the extremes in body coloration and geographical range. We found that bearded dragons change colour in response to various backgrounds and that colour change is affected by illumination intensity. Within-individual colour change was similar in magnitude in the two populations but varied between backgrounds. However, at the endpoints of colour change, each population showed greater similarity to backgrounds that were representative of the local habitat compared with the other population, indicating local adaptation to visual backgrounds. Our results suggest that even in species that change colour, both phenotypic plasticity and geographic divergence of coloration may contribute to improved camouflage.
Swimming and diving energetics in dolphins: a stroke-by-stroke analysis for predicting the cost of flight responses in wild odontocetes
Authors: Williams Terrie M. , Kendall Traci L. , Richter Beau P. , Ribeiro-French Courtney R. , John Jason S. , Odell Kim L. , Losch Barbara A. , Feuerbach David A. , Stamper M. Andrew 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTExponential increases in hydrodynamic drag and physical exertion occur when swimmers move quickly through water, and underlie the preference for relatively slow routine speeds by marine mammals regardless of body size. Because of this and the need to balance limited oxygen stores when submerged, flight (escape) responses may be especially challenging for this group. To examine this, we used open-flow respirometry to measure the energetic cost of producing a swimming stroke during different levels of exercise in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). These data were then used to model the energetic cost of high-speed escape responses by other odontocetes ranging in mass from 42 to 2738 kg. The total cost per stroke during routine swimming by dolphins, 3.31±0.20 J kg−1 stroke−1, was doubled during maximal aerobic performance. A comparative analysis of locomotor costs (LC; in J kg−1 stroke−1), representing the cost of moving the flukes, revealed that LC during routine swimming increased with body mass (M) for odontocetes according to LC=1.46±0.0005M; a separate relationship described LC during high-speed stroking. Using these relationships, we found that continuous stroking coupled with reduced glide time in response to oceanic noise resulted in a 30.5% increase in metabolic rate in the beaked whale, a deep-diving odontocete considered especially sensitive to disturbance. By integrating energetics with swimming behavior and dive characteristics, this study demonstrates the physiological consequences of oceanic noise on diving mammals, and provides a powerful tool for predicting the biological significance of escape responses by cetaceans facing anthropogenic disturbances.
Determining Service Value: Exploring the Link Between Value Creation and Service Evaluation
Authors: Foglieni Francesca , Holmlid Stefan 
Published: March 2017

Starting from the evolution of the service-dominant logic and critiques emerging from this, the purpose of this paper is to explore the link between value creation and service evaluation in order to understand what can be evaluated in a service, when and from which perspective, to ascertain its value. Even though in theory of service logic there is a quite clear understanding of service value creation dynamics, a reflection is missing on how to measure that value. The authors thus take on the concept of service evaluation as a further development of service logic, introducing a possible way to approach it. Bridging service logic studies and evaluation studies in the field of social sciences, this paper identifies temporal aspects of service evaluation, and possible evaluation objects and objectives that are meaningful for the service provider in value-facilitation activities and for the service user in value-creation activities. A framework is developed and some considerations are done upon shifting the reflection on value creation from theory to an evaluation practice.
A ‘non’ that became a yes: David Shields’ Reality Hunger and the punk germ in the new literary nonfiction
Authors: Strahan Lucinda 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In his literary manifesto Reality Hunger, David Shields refers to an emerging movement of ‘reality-based art’ whose characteristics include ‘a deliberate unartiness, “raw” material, seemingly unprocessed, unfiltered, uncensored, and unprofessional […] Randomness, openness to accident and serendipity, spontaneity; artistic risk, emotional urgency and intensity’. This grab-bag of anti-art processes and aesthetics is part of an ‘as-yet-unstated’ contemporary literary mood urgently needed, Shields argues, to refresh the moribund star-machine that is literary culture. In its ‘hunger’ for something more ‘real’ in literature, Shields’ manifesto speaks clearly to punk sensibilities without ever saying ‘punk’. This article will trace the unstated affinity between Reality Hunger and punk processes, aesthetics and attitude, and in the process uncover an angry punk germ in the burgeoning movement of contemporary nonfiction writing to which Reality Hunger speaks directly. In doing so, it will contribute a new strand of enquiry to the question of how we understand and define punk literature, opening these questions onto the territory of literary nonfiction.
ANALISIS LAHAN KRITIS DAN ARAHAN REHABILITASI LAHAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH KABUPATEN KENDAL JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Indrihastuti Dinik , Murtilaksono Kukuh , Tjahjono Boedi 
Published: March 2017

The impact of critical land create reduction quality of soil characteristics, which can interfere with the function of conservation, production, economic, and social life of the community. The objectives of this research are to analyzing and mapping of critical land, reviewing relevance of critical land distribution to the spatial pattern and making direction of rehabilitation in regional development in Kendal. The analytical methode which is used in this study were selecting parameters of critical land and overlay using GIS to map the distribution of critical land. The result of this research is the critical land area in modification parameter is 34.317,87 ha, and parameter of P. 4/V-Set/2013 is 19.535,96 ha. General direction for land rehabilitation is vegetative conservation activity and technical civil conservation for erosion and sedimentation control. Direction for regional development in forest area is to develop PHBM through activity of agroforestry, community forest, ecotourism and medicinal plant cultivation in the forest. Direction on the farm cultivation area, especially on abandoned land and yards, is by optimization of community forest, by planting activities using perennials plant, MTPS and fruits plant, to control critical land, soil conservation and water management as well as increase community incomes by selling products from community forests.
Evidence for a histaminergic input from the ventral tuberomammillary nucleus to the solitary tract nucleus involved in arterial pressure regulation
Authors: Yamanaka Ko , Gouraud Sabine S. , Takagishi Miwa , Kohsaka Akira , Maeda Masanobu , Waki Hidefumi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) of the posterior hypothalamus has a high density of histaminergic neurons, the projection fibers of which are present in many areas of the brain, including the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), which controls arterial pressure (AP). In this study, we investigated whether the TMN–NTS pathway is involved in central cardiovascular regulation. Bicuculline, a gamma‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor antagonist, was microinjected into the ventral TMN of anesthetized rats and its effects on AP and heart rate (HR) were observed. We also evaluated the effect of cetirizine, an H1 receptor antagonist, microinjected into the NTS on cardiovascular responses induced by electrical stimulation of the TMN. Both AP and HR increased following bicuculline microinjection into the ventral TMN. Similar pressor and tachycardic responses were observed after electrical stimulation of the ventral TMN. Microinjection of cetirizine into the NTS partially inhibited the pressor response but had no effect on HR. Finally, the treadmill test was associated with a high level of c‐Fos expression in both ventral TMN and NTS neurons. These results suggest that the TMN–NTS pathway is involved in regulation of AP, presumably under a high‐arousal phase, such as that during exercise.
Extensive Copy Number Variation in Fermentation-Related Genes AmongSaccharomyces cerevisiaeWine Strains
Authors: Steenwyk Jacob , Rokas Antonis 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDue to the importance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in wine-making, the genomic variation of wine yeast strains has been extensively studied. One of the major insights stemming from these studies is that wine yeast strains harbor low levels of genetic diversity in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genomic structural variants, such as copy number (CN) variants, are another major type of variation segregating in natural populations. To test whether genetic diversity in CN variation is also low across wine yeast strains, we examined genome-wide levels of CN variation in 132 whole-genome sequences of S. cerevisiae wine strains. We found an average of 97.8 CN variable regions (CNVRs) affecting ∼4% of the genome per strain. Using two different measures of CN diversity, we found that gene families involved in fermentation-related processes such as copper resistance (CUP), flocculation (FLO), and glucose metabolism (HXT), as well as the SNO gene family whose members are expressed before or during the diauxic shift, showed substantial CN diversity across the 132 strains examined. Importantly, these same gene families have been shown, through comparative transcriptomic and functional assays, to be associated with adaptation to the wine fermentation environment. Our results suggest that CN variation is a substantial contributor to the genomic diversity of wine yeast strains, and identify several candidate loci whose levels of CN variation may affect the adaptation and performance of wine yeast strains during fermentation.
Estudo da Concentração de Mercado ao Longo da Cadeia Produtiva da Soja no Brasil
Authors: Costa Nilson Luiz , De Santana Antônio Cordeiro 
Published: March 2017

O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi mensurar a concentração de mercado ao longo da cadeia produtiva da soja. A partir dessas informações tornou-se possível avaliar se as estratégias para manter e ampliar o poder de mercado e a governança ao longo da cadeia produtiva da soja resultam em sucesso, captação do excedente do produtor rural de soja e competitividade da agroindústria processadora do grão. Neste contexto, foram calculados o Market Share, a Relação de Concentração e do Índice de Herfindahl-Hirschmann. Confirmou-se a hipótese de que o mercado que fornece insumos para os produtores rurais de soja está altamente concentrado. A hipótese de elevada concentração no segmento de aquisição e processamento da soja também foi confirmada. Concluiu-se que o produtor rural de soja encontra-se em situação de fragilidade econômica, pois: a) adquire insumos em mercado oligopolizado e vende a produção em mercado oligopsonizado; b) as empresas dominantes estão protegidas por barreiras à entrada. Diante deste cenário e das análises realizadas, cabe ao Estado brasileiro definir a forma de inserção dos agentes nacionais, em especial do produtor rural: se será caracterizado como um instrumento de acumulação do capital internacional ou se participará dos ganhos e se constituirá como agente de desenvolvimento regional.
Cadeia do Biogás no Oeste do Paraná: À luz da nova economia institucional
Authors: Strassburg Udo , Oliveira Nilton Marques de , Rocha JR Weimar Freire da 
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar a cadeia do Biogás, provindo da atividade suína, no Oeste do estado do Paraná, à luz da Nova Economia Institucional - NEI. Utilizou-se de uma metodologia exploratória com base na literatura. O referencial teórico foi centralizado na Nova Economia Institucional – NEI, em suas três abordagens: o ambiente institucional, organizacional e o tecnológico. Os resultados apontaram que, em relação ao ambiente institucional, expecificamente ao biogás, praticamente não possui regulamentação. No que diz respeito as organizações, estas estão isoladas, com ações também isoladas, sendo necessário o destaque para o Centro de Estudos do Biogás, da Itaipú, que está investindo em pesquisas e estendendo os conhecimentos adquiridos aos produtores de suínos do Oeste paranaense. O ambiente tecnológico está estruturado no sentido de oferecer recursos para a produção de biogás, faltando definições claras e adequadas para o excedente de produção. Sendo assim o que está sendo necessário para a expansão da produção do biogás no Oeste do Paraná são estímulos do governo no sentido de regulamentar adequadamente a atividade e oferecer incentivos para a produção de energia renovável, tão necessária para o mundo atual.
Orthopaedic Device Approval Through the Premarket Approval Process
Authors: Yang Brian W. , Iorio Matthew L. , Day Charles S. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:
The 2 main routes of medical device approval through the U.S. Food and Drug Administration are the premarket approval (PMA) process, which requires clinical trials, and the 510(k) premarket notification, which exempts devices from clinical trials if they are substantially equivalent to an existing device. Recently, there has been growing concern regarding the safety of devices approved through the 510(k) premarket notification. The PMA process decreases the potential for device recall; however, it is substantially more costly and time-consuming. Investors and medical device companies are only willing to invest in devices if they can expect to recoup their investment within a timeline of roughly 7 years. Our study utilizes financial modeling to assess the financial feasibility of approving various orthopaedic medical devices through the 510(k) and PMA processes. The expected time to recoup investment through the 510(k) process ranged from 0.585 years to 7.715 years, with an average time of 2.4 years; the expected time to recoup investment through the PMA route ranged from 2.9 years to 24.5 years, with an average time of 8.5 years. Six of the 13 orthopaedic device systems that we analyzed would require longer than our 7-year benchmark to recoup the investment costs of the PMA process. With the 510(k) premarket notification, only 1 device system would take longer than 7 years to recoup its investment costs. Although the 510(k) premarket notification has demonstrated safety concerns, broad requirements for PMA authorization may limit device innovation for less-prevalent orthopaedic conditions. As a result, new approval frameworks may be beneficial. Our report demonstrates how current regulatory policies can potentially influence orthopaedic device innovation.
CONFISSÕES ETNOGRÁFICAS: FRACASSOS NO ACESSO A ORGANIZAÇÕES NO BRASIL
Authors: Alcadipani Rafael 
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar duas tentativas de acesso para realizar etnografias, em diferentes contextos organizacionais brasileiros: um importante jornal e uma força de segurança militar. Como resultados, aponto que fazer etnografia pode ser danoso para a carreira do pesquisador em uma academia dominada pelo produtivismo. Ainda, aponto que a etnografia organizacional impõe desafios ao pesquisador. Todavia, é a melhor forma de conhecer as organizações como elas acontecem, com rigor de detalhes e minúcias.
Bovine Serum Albumin as a Versatile Platform for Cancer Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Bingbo 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Due to the good biocompatibility, biodegradability, facile surface functionalization
and high water solubility, Bovine serum albumin has gain increasing attention in the nanomedicine.

Objective:
Despite there are many reviews on albumin based nanoparticles, most of them focus on one
aspect of the albumin functionality, e.g., drug delivery, cancer theranostics or half-life extension in
vivo. This review aims to comprehensively summary bovine serum albumin as a versatile platform in
the applications of cancer imaging and therapy.

Methods:
We review the extensive applications of bovine serum albumin in drug carrier, surface engineering
and biomimetic synthesis for cancer imaging and therapy.

Conclusion:
Based on the studies reviewed, variety of in vitro and in vivo studies show good performance
of bovine serum albumin as the drug carrier, surface modification agent and biomimetic template
in cancer imaging and therapy. Nevertheless, there are still some issues to be solved, e.g., the technological
parameters for enhancing the drug loading efficiency and controlling drug release, optimizing
surface modification process to provide more stable nanoagents, investigation of the biomimetic
mechanism, in-depth study of their toxicity, further exploring their bioapplications, etc.
Bioactive Metabolites from Pathogenic and Endophytic Fungi of Forest Trees
Authors: Masi Marco , Maddau Lucia , Linaldeddu Benedetto Teodoro , Scanu Bruno , Evidente Antonio , Cimmino Alessio 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Fungi play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems interacting positively or
negatively with plants. These interactions are complex and the outcomes are different depending on the
fungal lifestyles, saprotrophic, mutualistic or pathogenic. Furthermore, fungi are well known for producing
secondary metabolites, originating from different biosynthetic pathways, which possess biological
properties of considerable biotechnological interest. Among the terrestrial ecosystems, temperate forests
represent an enormous reservoir of fungal diversity. This review will highlight the goldmine of secondary
metabolites produced by pathogenic and endophytic fungi of forest trees with focus on their biological
activities.

Methods:
A structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature was undertaken
using a research discovery application providing access to a large and authoritative source of
references. The papers selected were examined and the main results were reported and discussed.

Results:
Two hundred forthy-one papers were included in the review, outlined a large number of secondary
metabolites produced by pathogenic and endophiltic fungi and their biological activities, including
phytotoxic, antifungal, antioomycetes, antibacterial, brine shrimp lethality, mosquito biting deterrence
and larvicidal, cytotoxic, antiproliferative and many other bioactivities.

Conclusion:
The findings of this review confirm the importance of secondary metabolites produced by
pathogenic and endophytic fungi from forest plants growing in temperate regions as an excellent prospects
to discover compounds with new bioactivities and mode of actions. In addition, the potential of
some metabolites as a source of new drugs and biopesticides is underlined.
A NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE BRAZILIAN SHELF/SLOPE REGION SOUTH OF 13S USING THE OCEAN MODEL ROMS
Authors: Pereira Janini , Cirano Mauro , Marta-almeida Martinho , Amorim Fabiola Negreiros 
Published: March 2017

The oceanic features in the eastern and southeastern brazilian shelf/slope south
of 13S is investigated using ROMS (Regional Ocean Model System). The model
integration was 9 years and it was forced with: i) 6-hourly synoptic atmospheric
data from NCEP; ii) initial and boundary conditions from OCCAM (Ocean Climate
Circulation Advanced Modelling) monthly mean climatology and iii) tidal
forcing from TPXO 7.1 global data set. The model results were compared with
observations, which consisted in thermodynamic MDL (Mixed Layer Depth) climatology,
satellite data, measurements from tide gauges along the shelf and currents
measurements values from literature. The simulated currents represented well the
BC (Brazil Current)-IWBC (IntermediateWestern Boundary Current) System. The
BC - IWBC system at 22S cross-shelf section, where the mean alongshelf velocity
represents our simulation capability of reproducing the western boundary currents,
showed poleward BC and a opposing IWBC. At this section, the BC velocity core
is in 50 m with 0.41 m.s−1 and the IWBC core around 800 m with 0.15 m.s−1.
CLIMATOLOGY OF EXTREME RAINFALL EVENTS IN EASTERN AND NORTHERN SANTA CATARINA STATE, BRAZIL: PRESENT AND FUTURE CLIMATE
Authors: Nunes André Becker , Da Silva Gilson Carlos 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT. The eastern region of Santa Catarina State (Brazil) has an important history of natural disasters due to extreme rainfall events. Floods and landslides are enhancedby local features such as orography and urbanization: the replacement of natural surface coverage causing more surface runoff and, hence, ﬂooding. Thus, studies of this type of events – which directly inﬂuence life in the towns – take on increasing importance. This work makes a quantitative analysis of occurrences of extreme rainfall events in the eastern and northern regions of Santa Catarina State in the last 60 years, through individual analysis, considering the history of ﬂoods ineach selected town, as well as an estimate through to the end of century following regional climate modeling. A positive linear trend, in most of the towns studied, was observed in the results, indicating greater frequency of these events in recent decades, and the HadRM3P climate model shows a heterogeneous increase of events for all towns in the period from 2071 to 2100.Keywords: ﬂoods, climate modeling, linear trend. RESUMO. A região leste do Estado de Santa Catarina tem um importante histórico de desastres naturais ocasionados por eventos extremos de precipitação. Inundações e deslizamentos de terra são potencializados pelo relevo acidentado e pela urbanização das cidades da região: a vegetação nativa vem sendo removida acarretando um maior escoamento superﬁcial e, consequentemente, em inundações. Desta forma, torna-se de suma importância os estudos acerca deste tipo de evento que inﬂuencia diretamente a sociedade em geral. Neste trabalho é realizada uma análise quantitativa do número de eventos severos de precipitação ocorridos nas regiões leste e norte de Santa Catarina dos últimos 60 anos, por meio de uma análise pontual, considerandoo histórico de inundações de cada cidade selecionada, além de uma projeção para o ﬁm do século de acordo com modelagem climática regional. Na análise dos resultados observou-se uma tendência linear positiva na maioria das cidades, indicando uma maior frequência deste tipo de evento nas últimas décadas, e o modelo climático HadRM3P mostra um aumento heterogêneo no número de eventos para todas as cidades no período de 2071 a 2100.Palavras-chave: inundações, modelagem climática, tendência linear.