bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Netnografía aplicada en estudios urbanos
Authors: Carmona Gabriela 
Published: March 2017

El incremento del uso de tecnologías digitales en la vida cotidiana, trajo consigo una transformación en los usos, costumbres y formas de socialización de las personas. A partir de ello se ve la necesidad de implementar nuevos métodos de investigación que incluyan estos nuevos hábitos de las personas; se propone, por tanto la utilización de la netnografía como herramienta de exploración para realizar análisis en asuntos urbanos; específicamente en el estudio de los imaginarios urbanos, es decir, en la parte subjetiva del urbanismo; identificando al imaginario urbano como el fruto de la interacción entre los pensamientos de los habitantes y la ciudad. Esta metodología se aplicó en el estudio respecto a la incorporación del sistema LINT como un sistema de transporte alternativo en el Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, para la cual, además de difundir sus atributos, era necesario identificar los tópicos que, desde la opinión de los ciudadanos, pudieran ser utilizados como elementos persuasivos para una futura inserción.
L'increment de l'ús de tecnologies digitals en la vida quotidiana, va comportar una transformació en els usos, costums i formes de socialització de les persones. A partir d'això es veu la necessitat d'implementar nous mètodes d'investigació que incloguin aquests nous hàbits de les persones; es proposa, per tant la utilització de la netnografia com a eina d'exploració per realitzar anàlisis en assumptes urbans; específicament en l'estudi dels imaginaris urbans, és a dir, a la part subjectiva de l'urbanisme; identificant a l'imaginari urbà com el fruit de la interacció entre els pensaments dels habitants i la ciutat. Aquesta metodología es va aplicar en l'estudi respecte a la incorporació del sistema LINT com un sistema de transport alternatiu a l'Àrea Metropolitana de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mèxic, per a la qual, a més de difondre els seus atributs, calia identificar els tòpics que, des de la opinió dels ciutadans, poguessin ser utilitzats com a elements persuasius per a una futura inserció.
The increased use of digital technologies in everyday life; brought about a transformation in the uses, customs and ways of socialization of people. From this we see the need to implement new research methods that include these new habits of people; It is therefore proposed the use of Netnography as a screening tool for analysis on urban issues; specifically in the study of urban imaginary, that in the subjective part of urbanism; identifying the urban imaginary as the result of the interaction between the thoughts of the people and the city. This methodology was applied in the study regarding the incorporation of LINT (Lean Intelligent Network Transportation) as an alternative transportation system in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, for which, in addition to disseminating its attributes, it was necessary to identify topics, from the views of citizens, could be used as persuasive elements for future integration.
Soft Tissue Reconstruction of Complete Circumferential Defects of the Upper Extremity
Authors: Ng Zhi Yang , Tan Shaun Shi Yan , Lellouch Alexandre Gaston , Cetrulo Curtis Lisante , Chim Harvey Wei Ming 
Published: March 2017

Background Upper extremity soft tissue defects with complete circumferential involvement are not common. Coupled with the unique anatomy of the upper extremity, the underlying etiology of such circumferential soft tissue defects represent additional reconstructive challenges that require treatment to be tailored to both the patient and the wound. The aim of this study is to review the various options for soft tissue reconstruction of complete circumferential defects in the upper extremity.
Methods A literature review of PubMed and MEDLINE up to December 2016 was performed. The current study focuses on forearm and arm defects from the level at or proximal to the wrist and were assessed based on Tajima's classification (J Trauma 1974). Data reviewed for analysis included patient demographics, causality, defect size, reconstructive technique(s) employed, and postoperative follow-up and functional outcomes (when available).
Results In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, 14 unique articles were identified for a total of 50 patients (mean=28.1 years). Underlying etiologies varied from extensive thermal or electrical burns to high impact trauma leading to degloving or avulsion, crush injuries, or even occur iatrogenically after tumor extirpation or extensive debridement. Treatment options ranged from the application of negative pressure wound dressings to the opposite end of the spectrum in hand transplantation.
Conclusions With the evolution of reconstructive techniques over time, the extent of functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of these complex upper extremity injuries has also improved. The proposed management algorithm comprehensively addresses the inherent challenges associated with these complex cases.
Peroneal Flap: Clinical Application and Cadaveric Study
Authors: Ha Yooseok , Yeo Kwan Koo , Piao Yibo , Oh Sang-Ha 
Published: March 2017

Background The goal of this study was to investigate the anatomy of the peroneal artery and its perforators, and to report the clinical results of reconstruction with peroneal artery perforator flaps.
Methods The authors dissected 4 cadaver legs and investigated the distribution, course, origin, number, type, and length of the perforators. Peroneal artery perforator flap surgery was performed on 29 patients.
Results We identified 19 perforators in 4 legs. The mean number of perforators was 4.8 per leg, and the mean length was 4.8 cm. Five perforators were found proximally, 9 medially, and 5 distally. We found 12 true septocutaneous perforators and 7 musculocutaneous perforators. Four emerged from the posterior tibia artery, and 15 were from the peroneal artery. The peroneal artery perforator flap was used in 29 patients. Retrograde island peroneal flaps were used in 8 cases, anterograde island peroneal flaps in 5 cases, and free peroneal flaps in 16 cases. The mean age was 59.9 years, and the defect size ranged from 2.0 cm×4.5 cm to 8.0 cm×8.0 cm. All the flaps survived. Five flaps developed partial skin necrosis. In 2 cases, a split-thickness skin graft was performed, and the other 3 cases were treated without any additional procedures.
Conclusions The peroneal artery perforator flap is a good alternative for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects, with a constant and reliable vascular pedicle, thin and pliable skin, and the possibility of creating a composite tissue flap.
Genetic insights into family group co-occurrence inCryptocercus punctulatus, a sub-social woodroach from the southern Appalachian Mountains
Authors: Garrick Ryan C. 
Published: March 2017

The wood-feeding cockroachCryptocercus punctulatusScudder (Blattodea: Cryptocercidae) is an important member of the dead wood (saproxylic) community in montane forests of the southeastern United States. However, its population biology remains poorly understood. Here, aspects of family group co-occurrence were characterized to provide basic information that can be extended by studies on the evolution and maintenance of sub-sociality. Broad sampling across the species’ range was coupled with molecular data (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences). The primary questions were: (1) what proportion of rotting logs contain two or more different mtDNA haplotypes and how often can this be attributed to multiple families inhabiting the same log, (2) are multi-family logs spatially clustered, and (3) what levels of genetic differentiation among haplotypes exist within a log, and how genetically similar are matrilines of co-occurring family groups? Multi-family logs were identified on the premise that three different mtDNA haplotypes, or two different haplotypes among adult females, is inconsistent with a single family group founded by one male–female pair. Results showed that of the 88 rotting logs from which multiple adultC. punctulatuswere sampled, 41 logs (47%) contained two or more mtDNA haplotypes, and at least 19 of these logs (22% overall) were inferred to be inhabited by multiple families. There was no strong evidence for spatial clustering of the latter class of logs. The frequency distribution of nucleotide differences between co-occurring haplotypes was strongly right-skewed, such that most haplotypes were only one or two mutations apart, but more substantial divergences (up to 18 mutations, or 1.6% uncorrected sequence divergence) do occasionally occur within logs. This work represents the first explicit investigation of family group co-occurrence inC. punctulatus, providing a valuable baseline for follow-up studies.
Glucose‐Responsive Supramolecular Vesicles Based on Water‐Soluble Pillar[5]arene and Pyridylboronic Acid Derivatives for Controlled Insulin Delivery
Authors: Gao Lei , Wang Tingting , Jia Keke , Wu Xuan , Yao Chenhao , Shao Wei , Zhang Dongmei , Hu Xiao‐Yu , Wang Leyong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe stimuli‐responsive behavior of supramolecular nanocarriers is crucial for their potential applications as smart drug delivery systems. We hereby constructed a glucose‐responsive supramolecular drug delivery system based on the host–guest interaction between a water‐soluble pillar[5]arene (WP5) and a pyridylboronic acid derivative (G) for insulin delivery and controlled release under physiological conditions. The approach represents the ideal treatment of diabetes mellitus. The drug loading and in vitro drug release experiments demonstrated that large molecular weight insulin could be encapsulated into the vesicles with high loading efficiency, which, to our knowledge, is the first example of small‐size supramolecular vesicles with excellent encapsulation capacity of a large protein molecule. Moreover, FITC‐labeled insulin was used to evaluate the release behavior of insulin, and it was demonstrated that high glucose concentration could facilitate the quick release of insulin, suggesting a smart drug delivery system for potential application in controlled insulin release only under hyperglycemic conditions. Finally, we demonstrated that these supramolecular nanocarriers have good cytocompatibility, which is essential for their further biomedical applications. The present study provides a novel strategy for the construction of glucose‐responsive smart supramolecular drug delivery systems, which has potential applications for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Saposin B Binds the Lipofuscin Bisretinoid A2E and Prevents its Enzymatic and Photooxidation
Authors: Tinklepaugh Jay , Smith Britannia M. , Nie Yan , Moody Kelsey , Grohn Kris , Bou‐Abdallah Fadi , Doyle Robert P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractVitamin A based bisretinoid accumulation is a major focus in the study of macular degeneration. Whether specific endogenous lysosomal proteins can bind A2E, a pronounced bisretinoid in lipofuscin granules in retinal pigment epithelial cells, and interfere with enzymatic or photoinduced oxidation of such, has not been explored. Herein, using fluorescence and electronic absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that Saposin B, a critical protein in the degradation of sulfatides and “flushing” of lipids, can bind A2E, preventing its H2O2‐dependent enzymatic oxidation by horseradish peroxidase and photooxidation by blue light (λ=450–460 nm).
Temporal variation in plant neighborhood effects on the defoliation of primary and secondary hosts by an insect pest
Authors: Bognounou Fidèle , De Grandpré Louis , Pureswaran Deepa S. , Kneeshaw Daniel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPlant neighborhood effects on herbivore damage have been observed in many systems although few studies have assessed the different component effects of the neighborhood (conspecific neighbors vs. heterospecific neighbors) on defoliation. No earlier studies have monitored how temporal scale influences neighborhood effects. We tested hypotheses on resource concentration/dilution and associational effects in the eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana)–forest system over a 10‐yr period across different stands including stands dominated by highly vulnerable hosts (balsam fir), stands dominated by a species with low vulnerability (black spruce), and mixed composition stands (fir and spruce). We observed persistent resource concentration effects on the primary host (balsam fir) during the increasing phase of the outbreak in balsam fir‐dominated and mixed stands, while both resource dilution and associational susceptibility effects were observed on the secondary host (black spruce) and the strength of associational susceptibility increased with an increase in resource dilution. We did not observe associational effects on the primary host in mixed and secondary host‐dominated stands but in stands dominated by the primary host, we observed associational resistance when the resource was highly depleted. Therefore, the complexity of neighborhood effects suggests that future studies should consider the separate effects of conspecific and heterospecific neighbors, as well as changes through time in order to predict herbivore damage in different systems, and provide better preventive and reactive strategies to manage herbivore outbreaks.
Contrasting patterns of diversity of abundant and rare bacterioplankton in freshwater lakes along an elevation gradient
Authors: Li Huabing , Zeng Jin , Ren Lijuan , Wang Jianjun , Xing Peng , Wu Qinglong L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBacterial communities comprise large numbers of species and normally include a few abundant taxa and many rare taxa. These two subcommunities may have fundamentally different ecological roles, and it is not clear whether their diversity patterns along elevation gradients vary. In this study, we investigated the diversity of bacterioplankton and their subcommunities, i.e., abundant and rare bacterioplankton, in lakes across gradual elevations from 525 m to 4652 m at Siguniang Mountain in western China via the high‐throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Elevation showed strong influence on bacterioplankton community composition (BCC) and that the dissimilarity of BCC increased with increasing differences in elevation. However, the elevational distance‐decay rate of abundant bacterioplankton was higher than that of rare bacterioplankton. Abundant bacterioplankton were more sensitive to changes of environmental factors than rare bacterioplankton. We observed a marginal increase in alpha diversity, estimated as operational taxonomic unit richness and phylogenetic diversity, of overall bacterioplankton with increasing elevation. The alpha diversity of abundant bacterioplankton decreased monotonically with elevation; in contrast, the alpha diversity of rare bacterioplankton increased monotonically with elevation. Null model tests indicated that environmental filtering played a dominant role in overall bacterioplankton community assembly along the elevation gradient, while there was decreased contribution of environmental selection to rare bacterioplankton in smaller lakes at higher elevation. Our results revealed that abundant bacterioplankton followed the general elevation diversity theory commonly found for plants and animals in freshwater lakes, whereas rare bacterioplankton did not follow this tenet.
Stability Dependence on Redox–active Site Structure in Free Catechol‐ or Hydroquinone–substituted Polypyridylruthenium(II) Complexes
Authors: Oyama Dai , Kido Masato , Abe Ryosuke , Takase Tsugiko 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPolypyridylruthenium(II) complexes with redox‐active, structurally isomeric catechol or hydroquinone units were newly prepared to examine the structure‐stability relationships in the redox‐active sites. A marked difference based on the structure of the active site was confirmed with respect to the formation of the oxidized forms, i. e. the quinone complexes: only the para‐isomer was completely converted into the corresponding quinone form. The conversion of RuII to RuIII was not observed. Redox‐mediated interconversion between the hydroquinone and para‐quinone units is also reported.
Current Density and Heating Patterns in Organic Solar Cells Reproduced by Finite Element Modeling
Authors: Öttking Rolf , Roesch Roland , Fluhr Daniel , Muhsin Burhan , Schubert Ulrich S. , Hoppe Harald 
Published: March 2017

We developed a finite element model of a finger structure polymer solar cell in conventional architecture in order to investigate current pathways and dissipative power losses. The model is of purely resistive nature, as this is sufficient to describe the effects under consideration.The model simulations yield the spatial distribution of the current densities, potentials and the according dissipative losses. In particular, the current pathways are spread out from the entire length of the top contact towards the entire width of the ground contact, running along the electric potential gradient. On the other hand, current crowding appears at the foremost part of the top electrode, resulting in a respective concentration of the resistive loss in this vicinity.The overall behavior of the current, mostly steers the resistive behavior of the device and is a delicate consequence of the interplay between the individual layer properties, namely the resistivities and layer thicknesses in combination.All this provides a first step towards a detailed quantitative description of the losses, depending on the geometrical cell design. The dissipative loss, in turn, is the origin of heat, which is observable by lock‐in thermography experiments, which are aimed to be reproduced by simulation.
Nervous system development and regeneration in freshwater planarians
Authors: Ross Kelly G. , Currie Ko W. , Pearson Bret J. , Zayas Ricardo M. 
Published: March 2017

Planarians have a long history in the fields of developmental and regenerative biology. These animals have also sparked interest in neuroscience due to their neuroanatomy, spectrum of simple behaviors, and especially, their almost unparalleled ability to generate new neurons after any type of injury. Research in adult planarians has revealed that neuronal subtypes homologous to those found in vertebrates are generated from stem cells throughout their lives. This feat is recapitulated after head amputation, wherein animals are capable of regenerating whole brains and regaining complete neural function. In this review, we summarize early studies on the anatomy and function of the planarian nervous system and discuss our present knowledge of the molecular mechanisms governing neurogenesis in planarians. Modern studies demonstrate that the transcriptional programs underlying neuronal specification are conserved in these remarkable organisms. Thus, planarians are outstanding models to investigate questions about how stem cells can replace neurons in vivo. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e266. doi: 10.1002/wdev.266This article is categorized under:

Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration
Comparative Development and Evolution > Model Systems
Can trainees design and deliver a national audit of epistaxis management? A pilot of a secure web-based audit tool and research trainee collaboratives
Authors: Mehta N , Williams R J , Smith M E , Hall A , Hardman J C , Cheung L , Ellis M P , Fussey J M , Lakhani R , McLaren O , Nankivell P C , Sharma N , Yeung W , Carrie S , Hopkins C 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjective:To investigate the feasibility of a national audit of epistaxis management led and delivered by a multi-region trainee collaborative using a web-based interface to capture patient data.Methods:Six trainee collaboratives across England nominated one site each and worked together to carry out this pilot. An encrypted data capture tool was adapted and installed within the infrastructure of a university secure server. Site-lead feedback was assessed through questionnaires.Results:Sixty-three patients with epistaxis were admitted over a two-week period. Site leads reported an average of 5 minutes to complete questionnaires and described the tool as easy to use. Data quality was high, with little missing data. Site-lead feedback showed high satisfaction ratings for the project (mean, 4.83 out of 5).Conclusion:This pilot showed that trainee collaboratives can work together to deliver an audit using an encrypted data capture tool cost-effectively, whilst maintaining the highest levels of data quality.
Liana dynamics reflect land-use history and hurricane response in a Puerto Rican forest
Authors: Hogan J. Aaron , Mayorquín Silvette , Rice Katherine , Thompson Jill , Zimmerman Jess K. , Brokaw Nicholas 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:We studied lianas in a subtropical wet forest in Puerto Rico to understand how hurricane impacts and past human land-uses interact to affect liana dynamics over a 14-year period. We compared a high-intensity land-use area, where the forest that had been cleared, and used for subsistence agriculture before being abandoned in 1934 then regrew to a low-intensity land-use area, in which there had been only some selective experimental logging by the USDA Forest Service in the 1940s. Prior to our study, both areas were strongly affected by Hurricane Hugo in 1989, and again damaged to a lesser degree by Hurricane Georges in 1998, increasing canopy openness and subsequently increasing tree stem densities. Between 2001 and 2015, changes in the light environment and the recovery of forest structure resulted in roughly a 50% reduction in tree stem densities in the high-intensity land-use area, as recruited saplings naturally thinned. In this area, liana abundance increased by 103%, liana biomass tripled, and occupancy of trees by lianas grew by nearly 50%. In the low-intensity land-use area, juvenile stem densities were stable, and resultantly liana abundance only increased by 33%, liana biomass rose 39%, and the occupancy of trees was constant. Liana flower and fruit production increased over the 14-year interval, and these increases were much greater in the high-intensity land-use quadrats. Results of this study do show how rapid forest tree successional dynamics coincide with liana increases, but the confounding of hurricane effects of disturbance at our site, prevent us from asserting that the increases in liana density and biomass can be attributed to the same causes as those in forests elsewhere in the Neotropics.
Parent-parent and parent-offspring distances inSpondias radlkoferiseeds suggest long-distance pollen and seed dispersal: evidence from latrines of the spider monkey
Authors: Arroyo-Rodríguez Víctor , Aguilar-Barajas Esther , González-Zamora Arturo , Rocha-Ramírez Víctor , González-Rodríguez Antonio , Oyama Ken 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:Pollen and seed dispersal are key ecological processes, directly impacting the spatial distribution, abundance and genetic structure of plant populations; yet, pollen- and seed-dispersal distances are poorly known. We used molecular markers to identify the parental origin (n = 152 adult trees) of 177Spondias radlkoferi(Anacardiaceae) seeds deposited by the spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) in latrines located beneath 17 sleeping-trees in two continuous forest sites (CF) and two forest fragments (FF) in the Lacandona rain forest, Mexico. We estimated mean parent-offspring (PO) distances per latrine and, for those seeds (54% of seeds) with more than one candidate parent (i.e. the potential maternal and parental parents), we also estimated parent-parent (PP) distances per latrine, and tested if PO and PP distances differed between forest types. Global PO and PP distances per latrine averaged 682 m (range = 83–1741 m) and 610 m (range = 74–2339 m), respectively, and did not differ significantly between CF and FF. This suggests that pollen dispersal is extensive in both forest types and that long seed dispersal distances (>100 m) are common, thus supporting the hypothesis that the spider monkey is an effective seed disperser ofS. radlkoferiin continuous and fragmented forests.