bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orientation of joints and arrangement of solid inclusions in fibrous veins in the Shatsky Rise, NW Pacific: implications for crack‐seal mechanisms and stress fields
Authors: Li Sanzhong , Suo Yanhui , Yu Shan , Wu Tingting , Somerville Ian , Sager William , Li Xiyao , Hui Gege , Zhang Yong , Zang Yibo , Zheng Qiliang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe ocean floor is leaky because it has numerous faults, cracks and joints upon formation and during the process of seafloor spreading. In time, these fractures are often closed after ocean floor cooling, hydrothermal circulation, and vein filling. The crack‐seal mechanism of fractures of the oceanic crust is thus important for understanding its kinematics, kinetics and evolution. Coring and log data from IODP Expedition 324 reveal that the Shatsky Rise, an oceanic plateau in the NW Pacific Ocean, developed abundant joints and veins, and some veins formed along previous joints. We use log data from the Formation Micro‐scanner Scanner (FMS) to reconstruct the original dip and dip direction of these structural elements. Using FMS microstructural analyses, the dip directions of joints and arrangement of solid inclusions in fibrous veins were examined for Holes U1347A, U1348A and U1349A. We found two types of veins, non‐fibrous and fibrous, based on their physical appearance and mineralogical composition. Common to all samples is a straight fibrous inclusion fabric, associated with bands oriented parallel to the vein wall and trails typically at high angles to the vein wall. Cross‐cutting relationships between the bands and the straight fibrous inclusions imply that inclusion bands reflect simple crack‐seal increments. In the veins, inclusion bands are a sufficient criterion to infer the crack‐seal mechanism. Further evidence for solid inclusions formed by the classic crack‐seal mechanism is given by inclusion bands in carbon crystals grown in basalts. During incorporation, solid inclusions can remain undeformed, depending on their orientation with respect to the opening and spreading direction of mid‐oceanic ridges. Simple displacement fields within the veins are recorded by straight crystal fibres, which track the opening direction. Based on the arrangement of solid inclusions within the veins, we suggest that the veins grew continuously during post‐tectonic vein formation. Solid inclusions formed by steady adhesion at the vein wall interface during crack sealing and growth of a few veins were driven by the force of crystallization and extension of mid‐oceanic ridges. Based on these two lines of evidence, we conclude that the formation of the Tamu Massif is consistent with the seafloor spreading history revealed by magnetic lineations, possibly accompanied with an interaction to the mantle plume head. In contrast, the formation of the Ori Massif, off the mid‐ocean ridge, has no obvious preferred stress field, deduced to be related to a mantle plume tail with interaction to the mid‐oceanic ridge. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age‐related changes in amygdala–frontal connectivity during emotional face processing from childhood into young adulthood
Authors: Wu Minjie , Kujawa Autumn , Lu Lisa H. , Fitzgerald Daniel A. , Klumpp Heide , Fitzgerald Kate D. , Monk Christopher S. , Phan K. Luan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe ability to process and respond to emotional facial expressions is a critical skill for healthy social and emotional development. There has been growing interest in understanding the neural circuitry underlying development of emotional processing, with previous research implicating functional connectivity between amygdala and frontal regions. However, existing work has focused on threatening emotional faces, raising questions regarding the extent to which these developmental patterns are specific to threat or to emotional face processing more broadly. In the current study, we examined age‐related changes in brain activity and amygdala functional connectivity during an fMRI emotional face matching task (including angry, fearful, and happy faces) in 61 healthy subjects aged 7–25 years. We found age‐related decreases in ventral medial prefrontal cortex activity in response to happy faces but not to angry or fearful faces, and an age‐related change (shifting from positive to negative correlation) in amygdala–anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex (ACC/mPFC) functional connectivity to all emotional faces. Specifically, positive correlations between amygdala and ACC/mPFC in children changed to negative correlations in adults, which may suggest early emergence of bottom‐up amygdala excitatory signaling to ACC/mPFC in children and later development of top‐down inhibitory control of ACC/mPFC over amygdala in adults. Age‐related changes in amygdala–ACC/mPFC connectivity did not vary for processing of different facial emotions, suggesting changes in amygdala–ACC/mPFC connectivity may underlie development of broad emotional processing, rather than threat‐specific processing. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1684–1695, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic impact of pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by definitive surgery in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hirakawa Hitoshi , Hanai Nobuhiro , Ozawa Taijiro , Suzuki Hidenori , Nishikawa Daisuke , Matayoshi Sen , Suzuki Mikio , Hasegawa Yasuhisa 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe significance of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by definitive surgery for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was investigated using surgical specimens.MethodsSurgery was performed in 58 patients, including 43 patients who had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The pathological response was classified as grades 0 (no effect), 1 (slight effect), 2 (moderate effect), and 3 (marked effect), and its correlation with prognosis was investigated.ResultsGrade 2 or 3 response was observed in 34.9% of cases that received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), locoregional control, and freedom from distant metastasis were significantly better in the effective neoadjuvant chemotherapy group (grades 2 and 3) than in the less effective neoadjuvant chemotherapy group (grades 0 and 1) and the non‐neoadjuvant chemotherapy group combined.ConclusionPathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in sinonasal SCC was related to disease prognosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1305–E1311, 2016
Complexes of adamantane‐based group 13 Lewis acids and superacids: Bonding analysis and thermodynamics of hydrogen splitting
Authors: El‐Hamdi Majid , Solà Miquel , Poater Jordi , Timoshkin Alexey Y. 
Published: March 2016

The electronic structure and chemical bonding in donor–acceptor complexes formed by group 13 element adamantane and perfluorinated adamantane derivatives EC9R′15 (E = B, Al; R′ = H, F) with Lewis bases XR3 and XC9H15 (X = N, P; R= H, CH3) have been studied using energy decomposition analysis at the BP86/TZ2P level of theory. Larger stability of complexes with perfluorinated adamantane derivatives is mainly due to better electrostatic and orbital interactions. Deformation energies of the fragments and Pauli repulsion are of less importance, with exception for the boron‐phosphorus complexes. The MO analysis reveals that LUMO energies of EC9R′15 significantly decrease upon fluorination (by 4.7 and 3.6 eV for E = B and Al, respectively) which results in an increase of orbital interaction energies by 27–38 (B) and 15–26 (Al) kcal mol−1. HOMO energies of XR3 increase in order PH3 < NH3 < PMe3 < PC9H15 < NMe3 < NC9H15. For the studied complexes, there is a linear correlation between the dissociation energy of the complex and the energy difference between HOMO of the donor and LUMO of the acceptor. The fluorination of the Lewis acid significantly reduces standard enthalpies of the heterolytic hydrogen splitting H2 + D + A = [HD]+ + [HA]−. Analysis of several types of the [HD]+···[HA]− ion pair formation in the gas phase reveals that structures with additional H···F interactions are energetically favorable. Taking into account the ion pair formation, hydrogen splitting is predicted to be highly exothermic in case of the perfluorinated derivatives both in the gas phase and in solution. Thus, fluorinated adamantane‐based Lewis superacids are attractive synthetic targets for the construction of the donor–acceptor cryptands. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Planar Digraphs of Digirth Five Are 2‐Colorable
Authors: Harutyunyan Ararat , Mohar Bojan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNeumann‐Lara (1985) and Škrekovski conjectured that every planar digraph with digirth at least three is 2‐colorable, meaning that the vertices can be 2‐colored without creating any monochromatic directed cycles. We prove a relaxed version of this conjecture: every planar digraph of digirth at least five is 2‐colorable. The result also holds in the setting of list colorings.
Diffusion‐weighted MRI and in‐phase/opposed‐phase sequences in the assessment of bone tumors
Authors: Amin Wessam M. , Kotb Hesham T. , Abdel‐kerim Ali A. , Barakat Mohamed S. , El‐malky Awad A. , Fadel Shady H. 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the role of diffusion‐weighted apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and in‐phase/opposed‐phase sequences in the differentiation of benign and malignant osseous tumors.Materials and MethodsAt 1.5T, routine sequences were compared to diffusion‐weighted and in‐phase/opposed‐phase in 63 patients. Routine sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring, mean ADC value, and in‐phase/opposed‐phase signal intensity ratio (SIR) was obtained. Statistical analysis included significance, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and linear correlation between the three parameters.ResultsIn all, 38 patients had malignant tumors and 25 patients had benign tumors. Benign and malignant tumors showed different routine sequence scores (P < 0.001). Mean ADC of the benign lesions ranged 0.9–3.2 × 10−3mm2/sec of mean ± SD (1.9 ± 0.6). In malignant tumors, the mean ADC ranged 0.6–1.9 × 10−3mm2/sec of mean ± SD (1.1 ± 0.4) (P < 0.0001). There was a possible differentiation between malignant and benign tumors at a threshold of 1.1 × 10−3mm2/sec of sensitivity and specificity of 94.1% and 70.3%, respectively. SIR for benign tumors ranged 0.2–1.0 of mean ± SD (0.6 ± 0.3). For malignant lesions SIR ranged 0.4–1.2 of mean ± SD (0.8 ± 0.3). Benign and malignant tumors show statistically significant SIR at P < 0.022 with possible differentiation at a threshold of 0.75 of sensitivity and specificity of 70.3% and 76.5%, respectively. Simple linear correlation between both ADC and SIR was significant at P < 0.01 with correlation coefficient (r) = 0.45.ConclusionDiffusion‐weighted and in‐phase/opposed‐phase imaging might be used in addition to conventional MRI as a routine tool for differentiation of benign and malignant tumors. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:565–572.
Influence of solar irradiance on underwater temperature recorded by temperature loggers on coral reefs
Authors: Bahr Keisha D. , Jokiel Paul L. , Rodgers Ku‘ulei S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe use of miniaturized digital temperature logging devices on coral reefs is increasing dramatically due to the threat of global warming. Shallow coral reef environments are characterized by extremely high solar radiation and highly transparent seawater, raising the possibility of solar heating of devices deployed in these settings. In this study, we compared temperature measurements under a variety of shading treatments to investigate the potential error associated with high irradiance levels in shallow, clear waters. Results of this experiment showed that mid‐day water temperature readings by unshaded loggers were significantly higher by 2.2°C on average compared with shaded loggers. Loggers shielded with reflective tape showed less error but still reported significant heating, with water temperatures that were on average 0.15°C higher than shaded loggers. There were no significant differences among shade treatments during nighttime hours, indicating that irradiance is the source of the errors documented here. Care must be taken to shield temperature loggers from irradiance while providing good circulation of water around the sensors. One option is to place the loggers in a naturally occurring, cryptic or shaded habitat on the reef. When deployed in open reef areas, in mesocosms, or in experimental aquaria, loggers can be shielded in protective, opaque plastic tubes that are open at both ends.
Creatine supplementation does not alter neuromuscular recovery after eccentric exercise
Authors: Boychuk Kellie E. , Lanovaz Joel L. , Krentz Joel R. , Lishchynsky Justin T. , Candow Darren G. , Farthing Jonathan P. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of creatine (CR) supplementation on recovery after eccentric exercise (ECC). Methods: Fourteen men were assigned randomly to ingest 0.3 g/kg of CR or placebo (PL) before and during recovery (48 hours) from 6 sets of 8 repetitions of ECC. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), voluntary activation (VA), muscle thickness (MT), electromyography (EMG), contractile properties, and soreness were assessed. Results: MVC, evoked twitch torque, and rate of torque development decreased for both groups immediately after ECC and recovered at 48 hours. MT increased and remained elevated at 48 hours for both groups. Soreness increased similarly for both groups. EMG activation was higher for CR versus PL only at 48 hours. There were no group differences for torque, total work, or fatigue index during ECC. Conclusions: CR supplementation before and during recovery from ECC had no effect on strength, voluntary activation, or indicators of muscle damage. Muscle Nerve 54: 487–495, 2016
Drug use among men with unfulfilled wish to father children: a retrospective analysis and discussion of specific drug classes
Authors: Pompe Sina V. , Strobach Dorothea , Stief Christian G. , Becker Armin J. , Trottmann Matthias 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurposeMale infertility is a multifactorial state. Among other risk factors, drugs can adversely affect male fertility and male sexual function. In a retrospective study we aimed to analyse how many involuntarily childless men seeking fertility evaluation consume drugs, which drugs and if these are potentially affecting male reproductive function.MethodsWe retrospectively identified involuntarily childless men presenting for fertility evaluation at an andrologic outpatient department from 2011 to 2014. Medical records were searched for current drug use, age, diseases affecting male fertility, and number and kind of drugs. Drugs were classified according to their Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code. Adverse drug reactions on male sexual function and fertility were searched in two independent literature sources.ResultsDrug use was documented for 244 of 522 patients (46.7%). The patients' mean age was 37.7 ± 8.7; the total number of drug intakes was 554 (mean 2.3 ± 1.9), corresponding to 201 different drugs. The most often involved Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical groups were nervous system (N), alimentary tract/metabolism (A), cardiovascular (C), and respiratory system (R) (n = 277; 50.0%). Fertility impairment was reported for 15.9%, and adverse drug reactions on male sexual function were found for 51.2% of all identified drugs. Underreporting of consumed drugs was likely, especially for non‐prescription drugs.ConclusionsA high percentage of involuntarily childless men is taking drugs that can potentially influence male reproductive function. As drug intake represents a modifiable risk factor, fertility evaluation requires a comprehensive medication review including prescription and non‐prescription drugs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Untersuchungen zur statischen Schubtragfähigkeit kleinskaliger Pin‐Verbundmittel
Authors: Kopp Maik , Feldmann Markus , Claßen Martin , Hegger Josef , Schäfer Johannes , Reisgen Uwe 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Entwicklung von hochfesten Stählen sowie hoch‐ (HSC) und ultrahochfesten Betonen (UHPC) und ihr günstiges Verhältnis von Festigkeit zu Eigengewicht ermöglicht eine deutliche Reduzierung der Querschnittsabmessungen gegenüber normalfesten Werkstoffen. Hierdurch können im Stahl‐Beton‐Verbundbau schlanke, weitspannende und hochtragfähige Verbundkonstruktionen realisiert werden. Für einige Anwendungsgebiete im Verbundbau können sich hierdurch die theoretisch erforderlichen Bauteildicken der Betondeckschichten auf wenige Zentimeter reduzieren. In solch schlanken Verbundkonstruktionen mit dünnen Betongurten ist der Einsatz von zum Beispiel Kopfbolzendübeln oder Verbunddübelleisten als Verbundmittel zur Übertragung der Schubkräfte nicht mehr möglich. Zur Verbindung der Teilquerschnitte aus Beton und Stahl und zur Sicherstellung der Verbundtragwirkung sind neue, kleinskalige Verbundmittel erforderlich. Durch die Weiterentwicklung des Metall‐Schutzgasschweißverfahrens auf Basis des Kurzlichtbogenprozesses ist das so genannte Pin‐Schweißen möglich. Die Pins mit einer Höhe von wenigen Millimetern werden während des Schweißprozesses aus dem Schweißdraht geformt. Die so entstehenden Pin‐Strukturen können als Verbundmittel zwischen Stahl und Beton eingesetzt werden. In diesem Artikel werden die Untersuchungen zur Anwendbarkeit der Pin‐Strukturen im Verbundbau anhand von Versuchen zum Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten unter statischer Schubbelastung vorgestellt.Investigations in the static shear capacity of small‐scaled pin shear connectors. The development of high‐strength steel as well as high‐strength (HSC) and ultra‐height strength (UHPC) concrete with a favorable ratio of strength to weight enables an essential reduction of the cross‐sectional dimensions compared to normal strength materials. Hereby, slender and wide spanning steel‐concrete composite construction with high load capacity can be realized. In some application area, the theoretical required concrete depth can be reduced to a few centimeter. In such composite constructions with thin concrete slabs, the use of e.g. headed studs or composite dowels as shear connector is not possible. To connect the partial sections of concrete and steel as well as to realize the composite load effect new small‐scaled shear connectors are required. Through the further development of gas‐shielded metal‐arc welding based on the short arc effect the pin welding is possible. The pins with a height of only few millimeters can be molded directly from the welding wire. The pin structures can be used as shear connectors in steel‐concrete composite constructions. This article presents the investigations in the applicability of the pin structures by means of static shear tests for the load and slip capacity.
Autophagy Proteins ATG5 and ATG7 Are Essential for the Maintenance of Human CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem-Progenitor Cells
Authors: Gomez-Puerto Maria Catalina , Folkerts Hendrik , Wierenga Albertus T.J. , Schepers Koen , Schuringa Jan Jacob , Coffer Paul J. , Vellenga Edo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Autophagy is a highly regulated catabolic process that involves sequestration and lysosomal degradation of cytosolic components such as damaged organelles and misfolded proteins. While autophagy can be considered to be a general cellular housekeeping process, it has become clear that it may also play cell type-dependent functional roles. In this study, we analyzed the functional importance of autophagy in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and how this is regulated during differentiation. Western blot-based analysis of LC3-II and p62 levels, as well as flow cytometry-based autophagic vesicle quantification, demonstrated that umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+/CD38− immature hematopoietic progenitors show a higher autophagic flux than CD34+/CD38+ progenitors and more differentiated myeloid and erythroid cells. This high autophagic flux was critical for maintaining stem and progenitor function since knockdown of autophagy genes ATG5 or ATG7 resulted in reduced HSPC frequencies in vitro as well as in vivo. The reduction in HSPCs was not due to impaired differentiation, but at least in part due to reduced cell cycle progression and increased apoptosis. This is accompanied by increased expression of p53, proapoptotic genes BAX and PUMA, and the cell cycle inhibitor p21, as well as increased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and reactive oxygen species. Taken together, our data demonstrate that autophagy is an important regulatory mechanism for human HSCs and their progeny, reducing cellular stress and promoting survival.
Silencing of Antichondrogenic MicroRNA-221 in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Cartilage Repair In Vivo
Authors: Lolli Andrea , Narcisi Roberto , Lambertini Elisabetta , Penolazzi Letizia , Angelozzi Marco , Kops Nicole , Gasparini Simona , van Osch Gerjo J.V.M. , Piva Roberta 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
There is a growing demand for the development of experimental strategies for efficient articular cartilage repair. Current tissue engineering-based regenerative strategies make use of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). However, when implanted in a cartilage defect, control of hMSCs differentiation toward the chondrogenic lineage remains a significant challenge. We have recently demonstrated that silencing the antichondrogenic regulator microRNA-221 (miR-221) was highly effective in promoting in vitro chondrogenesis of monolayered hMSCs in the absence of the chondrogenic induction factor TGF-β. Here we investigated the feasibility of this approach first in conventional 3D pellet culture and then in an in vivo model. In pellet cultures, we observed that miR-221 silencing was sufficient to drive hMSCs toward chondrogenic differentiation in the absence of TGF-β. In vivo, the potential of miR-221 silenced hMSCs was investigated by first encapsulating the cells in alginate and then by filling a cartilage defect in an osteochondral biopsy. After implanting the biopsy subcutaneously in nude mice, we found that silencing of miR-221 strongly enhanced in vivo cartilage repair compared to the control conditions (untreated hMSCs or alginate-only). Notably, miR-221 silenced hMSCs generated in vivo a cartilaginous tissue with no sign of collagen type X deposition, a marker of undesired hypertrophic maturation. Altogether our data indicate that silencing miR-221 has a prochondrogenic role in vivo, opening new possibilities for the use of hMSCs in cartilage tissue engineering.
Genetic Tagging During Human Mesoderm Differentiation Reveals Tripotent Lateral Plate Mesodermal Progenitors
Authors: Chin Chee Jia , Cooper Aaron R. , Lill Georgia R. , Evseenko Denis , Zhu Yuhua , He Chong Bin , Casero David , Pellegrini Matteo , Kohn Donald B. , Crooks Gay M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Although clonal studies of lineage potential have been extensively applied to organ specific stem and progenitor cells, much less is known about the clonal origins of lineages formed from the germ layers in early embryogenesis. We applied lentiviral tagging followed by vector integration site analysis (VISA) with high-throughput sequencing to investigate the ontogeny of the hematopoietic, endothelial and mesenchymal lineages as they emerge from human embryonic mesoderm. In contrast to studies that have used VISA to track differentiation of self-renewing stem cell clones that amplify significantly over time, we focused on a population of progenitor clones with limited self-renewal capability. Our analyses uncovered the critical influence of sampling on the interpretation of lentiviral tag sharing, particularly among complex populations with minimal clonal duplication. By applying a quantitative framework to estimate the degree of undersampling we revealed the existence of tripotent mesodermal progenitors derived from pluripotent stem cells, and the subsequent bifurcation of their differentiation into bipotent endothelial/hematopoietic or endothelial/mesenchymal progenitors.