bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a prediction rule for early discharge of low-risk emergency department patients with potential ischemic chest pain
Authors: Scheuermeyer Frank Xavier , Wong Hubert , Yu Eugenia , Boychuk Barb , Innes Grant , Grafstein Eric , Gin Kenneth , Christenson Jim 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Current guidelines emphasize that emergency department (ED) patients at low risk for potential ischemic chest pain cannot be discharged without extensive investigations or hospitalization to minimize the risk of missing acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We sought to derive and validate a prediction rule that permitted 20 to 30% of ED patients without ACS safely to be discharged within 2 hours without further provocative cardiac testing.Methods:This prospective cohort study enrolled 1,669 chest pain patients in two blocks in 2000–2003 (development cohort) and 2006 (validation cohort). The primary outcome was 30-day ACS diagnosis. A recursive partitioning model incorporated reliable and predictive cardiac risk factors, pain characteristics, electrocardiographic findings, and cardiac biomarker results.Results:In the derivation cohort, 165 of 763 patients (21.6%) had a 30-day ACS diagnosis. The derived prediction rule was 100.0% sensitive and 18.6% specific. In the validation cohort, 119 of 906 patients (13.1%) had ACS, and the prediction rule was 99.2% sensitive (95% CI 95.4–100.0) and 23.4% specific (95% CI 20.6–26.5). Patients have a very low ACS risk if arrival and 2-hour troponin levels are normal, the initial electrocardiogram is nonischemic, there is no history of ACS or nitrate use, age is &lt; 50 years, and defined pain characteristics are met. The validation of the rule was limited by the lack of consistency in data capture, incomplete follow-up, and lack of evaluation of the accuracy, comfort, and clinical sensibility of this clinical decision rule.Conclusion:The Vancouver Chest Pain Rule may identify a cohort of ED chest pain patients who can be safely discharged within 2 hours without provocative cardiac testing. Further validation across other centres with consistent application and comprehensive and uniform follow-up of all eligible and enrolled patients, in addition to measuring and reporting the accuracy of and comfort level with applying the rule and the clinical sensibility, should be completed prior to adoption and implementation.
Socioeconomic status and the use of computed tomography in the emergency department
Authors: Bhayana Rajesh , Vermeulen Marian J. , Li Qi , Hellings Chelsea R. , Berdahl Carl , Schull Michael J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with adverse health outcomes. Possible explanations include differences in health status, access to health care, and care provided by clinicians. We sought to determine whether SES is associated with computed tomography (CT) use in the emergency department (ED).Methods:A retrospective cohort study of all Ontario ED patients (April 1, 2009, to March 31, 2010) using administrative databases was conducted, and patients were stratified into SES quintiles based on median neighbourhood income. Using multivariate logistical regression, CT scan use within SES quintiles was compared for all patients and subgroups based on chief complaints: headache, abdominal pain, and complex abdominal pain (age ≥ 65 years, high acuity, and admittance to hospital).Results:We analyzed 4,551,101 patient visits, of which 52% were female. Overall, 8.2% underwent CT scanning. In adjusted analyses, the lowest SES patients were less likely to undergo CT scanning overall and in all clinical subgroups, except for complex abdominal pain. Compared to the lowest SES quintile, the adjusted odds ratios of CT scanning in the highest SES quintile were 1.08 (95% CI 1.07–1.09), 1.28 (95%CI 1.22–1.34), and 1.24 (95% CI 1.21–1.27) for all patients, headache pain patients, and abdominal pain patients, respectively. For patients presenting with complex abdominal pain, no significant difference in CT use was observed.Conclusion:Lowest SES ED patients were less likely to receive CT scans overall and in headache and abdominal pain subgroups. No difference was seen among complex abdominal pain patients, suggesting that as clinical indications for the test become more clearcut, use across SES quintiles differs less.
Chest compressions do not disrupt the seal created by the laryngeal mask airway during positive pressure ventilation: a preliminary porcine study
Authors: Carlson Jestin N. , Suffoletto Brian P. , Salcido David D. , Logue Eric S. , Menegazzi James J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents occurs 20 to 30% of the time during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of cardiac arrest due to loss of protective airway reflexes, pressure changes generated during CPR, and positive pressure ventilation (PPV). Although the American Heart Association has recommended the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) as an acceptable alternative airway for use by emergency medical service personnel, concerns over the capacity of the device to protect from pulmonary aspiration remain.We sought to determine the occurrence of aspiration after LMA placement, CPR, and PPV.

Methods:
We inserted a size 4 LMA, modified so that a vacuum catheter could be advanced past the LMA diaphragm, into the hypopharynx of 16 consecutive postexperimental mixed-breed domestic swine. Fifteen millilitres of heparinized blood was instilled into the oropharynx. Chest compressions were performed for 60 seconds with asynchronous ventilation via a mechanical ventilator. We then suctioned through the LMA for 1 minute. The catheter was removed and inspected for signs of blood. The LMA cuff was deflated, removed, and inspected for signs of blood.

Results:
None of 16 animals (95% CI 0-17%) had a positive test for the presence of blood in both the vacuum catheter and the intima of the LMA diaphragm.

Conclusions:
In this swine model of regurgitation after LMA placement, there were no cases with evidence of blood beyond the seal created by the LMA cuff. Future studies are needed to determine the frequency of pulmonary aspiration after LMA placement during CPR and PPV in the clinical setting.
Complex angular and torsional deformities (distal femoral malunions)
Authors: DeTora Michael , Boudrieau Randy 
Published: July 2016

SummaryObjective: To describe the surgical technique of complex distal femoral deformity correction with the aid of stereolithography apparatus (SLA) biomodels, stabilized with locking plate fixation.Methods: Full-size replica epoxy bone bio-models of the affected femurs (4 dogs/5 limbs) were used as templates for surgical planning. A rehearsal procedure was performed on the biomodels aided by a guide wire technique and stabilized with locking plate fixation. Surgery performed in all dogs was guided by the rehearsal procedure. All pre-contoured implants were subsequently used in the definitive surgical procedure with minimal modification.Results: All dogs had markedly improved, with near normal functional outcomes; all but one had a mild persistent lameness at the final in-hospital follow-up examination (mean: 54.4 weeks; range: 24–113 weeks after surgery). All femurs healed without complications (mean: 34 weeks, median: 12 weeks; range: 8–12 weeks for closing osteotomies, and 26–113 weeks for opening wedge osteotomies). Long-term follow-up examination (mean: 28.6 months; range: 5–42 months) revealed all but one owner to be highly satisfied with the outcome. Complications were observed in two dogs: prolonged tibiotarsal joint decreased flexion that resolved with physical therapy. In one of these dogs, iatrogenic transection of the long digital extensor tendon was repaired, and the other had a peroneal nerve neurapraxia.Clinical significance: Stereolithography apparatus biomodels and rehearsal surgery simplified the definitive surgical corrections of complex femoral malunions and resulted in good functional outcomes.Online supplementary material is available for this paper at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-15-08-0145
ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY OF BL Hyi AND EF Eri IN HIGH AND INTERMEDIATE STATES
Authors: Sanad M. R. , Abdel-Sabour M. A. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the first phase-resolved ultraviolet spectroscopy of two polar systems, BL Hyi and EF Eri, in high and intermediate states from the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) during the periods between 1982–1995 and 1979–1991, respectively. The flux curves for the C iv and He ii emission lines for both systems showing variations in their fluxes at different orbital phases are presented. The emission lines are produced in the accretion stream. The reddening for the two polars is found to be 0.00. Our results show that there are variations of the line fluxes with time, similar to the light curves found for both BL Hyi and EF Eri in the optical, infrared, ultraviolet, and X-ray bands. IUE observations support a radiative shock model of BL Hyi with the heating of matter by radiation from the accretion shock and cooling by the electrons scattering off ultraviolet photons from the surface of the white dwarf. EF Eri observations support a two-temperature white dwarf model producing sufficient ultraviolet flux for orbital modulations.
Investigation of Dielectric Decrement and Correlation Effects on Electric Double-Layer Capacitance by Self-Consistent Field Model
Authors: Ma Manman , Zhao Shuangliang , Xu Zhenli 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe differential capacitance of electric double-layer capacitors is studied by developing a generalized model of the self-consistent Gaussian field theory. This model includes many-body effects of particles near the interface such as ionic sizes, the order of water alignment and electrostatic correlations, and thus can present more accurate predictions of the electric double-layer structure and hence the capacitance than traditional continuum theories. Analytical simplification of the model and efficient numerical method are introduced, in particular, the approximation of the self-Green's function which describes the self energy of a mobile ion. We show that, when the applied voltage on interfaces is small the dielectric effect of the electrode materials plays an important role. For large voltage, this effect is screened, but the dielectric saturation due to the alignment of the nearby water is shown to be essential. For 2:1 electrolytes, abnormal enhancement on the capacitance due to the dielectric electrode is observed, which is due to the interplay of the image charge effect and Born solvation energy in the self energy of ions.
Variations in Flexural Strength of Heat-polymerized Acrylic Resin after the Usage of Denture Cleansers
Authors: Kalavathi M , Ragher Mallikarjuna , Vinayakumar G , Patil Sanketsopan , Chatterjee Aishwarya , Dandekeri Savita , Swetha V 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare changes in the flexural strength of heat-cured denture base resins when treated using denture cleansers.

Study design
A total of 40 specimens with dimension 65 mm length, 10 mm width, and 3 mm thickness were prepared as per ISO 1567 specification. A total of 10 specimens were immersed in distilled water to be used as control. Of the remaining 30 samples, 10 were treated with Clinsodent, 10 with VI-Clean, and 10 with Clanden denture cleansers. Specimens in each group were subjected to three-point flexural load in universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 5 mm/min. The peak load (N) was recorded and flexural strength was calculated. The findings were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney test.

Results
Heat-cured denture base resin selected for this study showed significant difference in flexural strength after immersion in denture cleansers Clinsodent, VI-Clean, and Clanden solutions, when compared with the control group.

Conclusion
Findings of this study showed that denture cleansers altered the flexural strength of heat polymerized acrylic resins that endured soaking cycles which simulated 180 days of use. Hence, denture cleansers should be used with caution, once a day after brushing the dentures. It is advisable for patients to follow the manufacturer's instructions.

How to cite this article
Ragher M, Vinayakumar G, Patil S, Chatterjee A, Mallikarjuna DM, Dandekeri S, Swetha V, Pradeep MR. Variations in Flexural Strength of Heat-polymerized Acrylic Resin after the Usage of Denture Cleansers. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(4):322-326.
Evaluating the Surface Characteristics of Stainless Steel, TMA, Timolium, and Titanium-niobium Wires: An in vivo Scanning Electron Microscope Study
Authors: Prasanna A Laxmi , Babu K Pradeep , Keerthi V Naga , Madathody Deepika , Gopinath Vidhya , Kumar M Senthil , Kumar A Nanda 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Recent metallurgical research and advancement in material science has benefited orthodontists in the selection of an appropriate wire size and alloy type, which is necessary to provide an optimum and predictable treatment results. The purpose of the study was to clinically evaluate and compare the surface characteristics of 16 × 22 stainless steel, Titanium molybdenum alloy, timolium, and titanium-niobium before and after placing them in a patient's mouth for 3 months using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Materials and methods
The total sample size was 40, which were divided into four groups (group 1 – stainless steel wires, 10 samples, group 2 – TMA wires, 10 samples, group 3 – timolium wires, 10 samples, and group 4 – titanium-niobium wires, 10 samples), and these were further subdivided into 5 each. The first subgroup of five samples was placed in the patient's mouth and was evaluated under SEM, and another subgroup of five samples was directly subjected to the SEM.

Results
Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of surface characteristics of unused 16 × 22 rectangular stainless steel wire under 500 × magnification showed an overall smooth surface. Stainless steel wire samples placed in the patient's mouth showed black hazy patches, which may be interoperated as areas of stress. TMA unused wires showed multiple small voids of areas and small craters with fewer elevated regions. The TMA wire samples placed in the patient's mouth showed black hazy patches and prominent ridges, making the wire rougher. Timolium unused archwires showed heavy roughness and voids, whereas wires tested in the patient's mouth showed homogeneous distribution of deep cracks and craters. Unused titanium-niobium archwires showed uniform prominent striations and ridges with occasional voids, whereas wires used in the patient's mouth showed prominent huge voids that could be interpreted as maximum stress areas.

Conclusion
Stainless steel (group 1) used and unused wires showed smooth surface characteristics when compared with all the other three groups followed by timolium, which was superior to titanium-niobium wires and TMA wires.

Clinical significance
Timolium wires are superior to titaniumniobium wires and TMA wires.

How to cite this article
Babu KP, Keerthi VN, Madathody D, Prasanna AL, Gopinath V, Kumar MS, Kumar AN. Evaluating the Surface Characteristics of Stainless Steel, TMA, Timolium, and Titanium-niobium Wires: An in vivo Scanning Electron Microscope Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(5):372-376.
Pyogenic Granuloma of Buccal Mucosa: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Balaji P , Latha S , Jambunath Usha , Sowbhagya MB 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Pyogenic granuloma (PG) or granuloma pyogenicum is a common tumor-like growth of the oral cavity or skin is a kind of inflammatory hyperplasia. It is non-neoplastic in nature and represents an exuberant tissue response to local irritation or trauma. In oral cavity, PG shows striking predilection for gingiva with interdental papilla being most common site in 70% of cases. Other studies reveal 87.09% of PG occur on gingiva, 9.67% occur on lip site and 3.22% occur with buccal mucosa.
Here is a report of unusual case of extragingival PG occurring on the buccal mucosa.

How to cite this article
Jambunath U, Balaji P, Latha S, Sowbhagya MB. Pyogenic Granuloma of Buccal Mucosa: An Unusual Presentation. J Health Sci Res 2015;6(1):8-10.
Paying “Utopia” a Subversive Fidelity; or, An Affective Trip to Anarres
Authors: Bell David M. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
This article pays “subversive fidelity” to utopia by rethinking what might be meant by the “good,” “no,” and “place” and how they might be brought together in an ambiguous but productive consistency. Specifically, it does this by drawing on Deleuze's reading of Spinoza's ethics, Sara Ahmed's concept of the “affect alien,” and Doreen Massey's understanding of place. It then applies and develops the theoretical approach through a reading of Anarres, as described in Ursula K. Le Guin's novel The Dispossessed. While the theory of utopia produced is intended normatively, the article also shows how it can be used as a methodology for the reading of specific places, as well as how it can be used alongside other utopian studies methods to read utopian texts.
“Suspicor enim eam gentem a graecis originem duxisse”: Translating Utopia in Greek
Authors: Balasopoulos Antonis , Yannakopoulou Vasso 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Although More's Utopia is a work for which classical Greek language and literature are central, it was not until 1970 that the work was translated into Greek. During the sixteenth century, Greek scholars bypassed the fundamental texts of Renaissance humanism, clinging instead to the classical Greek past. In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Greek intellectuals also ignored Utopia, partly because the nature of their Westernizing agenda did not attract them to a work embedded within the tradition of Catholic Latinate cosmopolitanism. By the last quarter of the nineteenth century, when the term utopia entered Greek intellectual life, “scientific socialism” had also made its first appearance in Greek political culture, possibly preempting the desire to translate a work that would now appear to constitute the source of an already obsolete canon of “utopian socialism.” Tellingly, the textual life of More's Utopia in Greek began during the military junta. Its first translation arguably deploys it as a text charged by the desire for egalitarian democracy while at the same time privileging its satirical and playful aspects, partially in order to avoid state censorship. Though there are important differences regarding the framing of More's text by the four extant translations in modern Greek, the overall tendency seems to be to receive Utopia as a fundamentally political text, a text capable of inspiring thought, and perhaps action, during dire and challenging times.
Global Supply Chain Management of RMG Outsourcing: Factors Affecting Country Selection
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Anisur , Qi Xu 
Published: July 2016

<p>This paper aims to understand factors determining location decision, or country selection of Readymade Garments (RMG) outsourcing in global supply chain management. In the process, this article fills a knowledge gap by proposing a unique model that relates country determinant factors and firm’s motives to location choice specific for RMG outsourcing moderated by firm’s size and age. The overall framework enlightens the scholars about the significance of distinguishing factors as the basis for differential outsourcing location decisions. Multinational managers may find it useful to identify the optimum outsourcing location decisions considering idiosyncratic factors that are unique to RMG outsourcing location decision. </p>
The evaluation of two commercial electric sheep stunning systems: current applied and the effect on heart function
Authors: Orford F , Ford EA , Brown SN , McKinstry J , Hadley PJ , Lines JA , Knowles TG , Wotton SB 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe maintenance of head-only minimum stunning currents for sheep to ≥ 1.0 Amp as per current legislation was examined in two trials in a commercial abattoir. In the first trial, a Jetco MS100 stunner failed to maintain the current to > 1.0 Amp in 118 of the 228 sheep. In a second trial, a Jetco MS105 delivered sufficient current in all sheep (n = 275) to meet the legislative requirement, apart from a single animal. Recorded electrocardiograms showed a regular heartbeat, with no evidence of ventricular fibrillation, in all animals in both trials following stunning and neck-cut. Only one of the two stun units may therefore be considered to meet the statutory requirements but both may meet the requirements for halal slaughter where pre-stun is considered acceptable.
Dual-polarization and dual-mode orbital angular momentum radio vortex beam generated by using reflective metasurface
Authors: Yu Shixing , Li Long , Shi Guangming 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
A metasurface, which is composed of printed cross-dipole elements with different arm lengths, is designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated to generate orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex waves of dual polarizations and dual modes in the radio frequency domain simultaneously. The prototype of a practical metasurface is fabricated and measured to validate the results of theoretical analysis and design at 5.8 GHz. Numerical and experimental results verify that vortex waves with dual OAM modes and dual polarizations can be flexibly generated by using a reflective metasurface. The proposed method paves a way to generate diverse OAM vortex waves for radio frequency and microwave wireless communication applications.
Enhanced three-photon absorption in CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals in near-infrared
Authors: Zhu Baohua , Wang Fangfang , Zhang Kun , Zhang Jiayu , Gu Yuzong 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Colloidal CdSe nanocrystals are synthesized and successively overcoated with CdS monolayers (MLs). The three-photon absorption (3PA) properties are measured by Z-scan and nonlinear transmission techniques with 80 fs laser pulses at 1250 nm in the near-infrared. The 3PA enhancement factor due to the overcoating of three ML CdS was 850, significantly larger than that caused by a size increase of the CdSe cores. The 3PA enhancement mainly originates from the reduction of nonradiative traps on the cores’ surface. The effects of a local field and intrinsic piezoelectric polarization are also discussed.
Enhancement of fill factor in air-processed inverted organic solar cells using self-assembled monolayer of fullerene catechol
Authors: Jeon Il , Ogumi Keisuke , Nakagawa Takafumi , Matsuo Yutaka 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
[60]Fullerene catechol self-assembled monolayers were prepared and applied to inverted organic solar cells by an immersion method, and their energy conversion properties were measured. By introducing fullerenes at the surface, we improved the hole-blocking capability of electron-transporting metal oxide, as shown by the fill factor enhancement. The fullerene catechol-treated TiO
x
-containing device gave a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.81% with a fill factor of 0.56 while the non treated device gave a PCE of 2.46% with a fill factor of 0.49. The solar cell efficiency improved by 13% compared with the non treated reference device.