bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistencia a la insulina, cortisol y composición corporal mediante dilución isotópica en niños costarricenses
Authors: Valverde-Vindas A , Quintana-Guzmán E M , Salas-Chaves M P 
Published: May 2016

ResumenANTECEDENTES: la obesidad infantil es un proceso que involucra en sí mismo un estrés oxidativo y un estado inflamatorio crónico que estimula la producción de corticosteroides, promueve la aparición temprana de resistencia insulínica y de enfermedades como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. OBJETIVO: evaluar la composición corporal en población infantil costarricense mediante técnicas de dilución isotópica con deuterio y analizar su relación con el índice de resistencia a la insulina y niveles de cortisol sérico matutino. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: determinación de cortisol sérico matutino y resistencia a la insulina mediante el método homeostático en 113 niños y niñas escolares. Se realiza la comparación por grupos según la clasificación McCarthy para porcentaje de masa grasa, determinada mediante el método de dilución isotópica.RESULTADOS: no se observan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos de masa grasa, según la clasificación McCarthy para las variables de cortisol sérico matutino e índice HOMA (modelo homeostático) de resistencia a la insulina, en la muestra seleccionada.CONCLUSIÓN: en niños y niñas entre 6 y 9 años de edad no se evidencian las características bioquímicas que se esperan del síndrome metabólico, dada la poca exposición temporal al estrés oxidativo que produce la obesidad, determinada por medio de la medición de masa grasa con un método temprano como la dilución isotópica. Asimismo, en edades tempranas los mecanismos de detoxificación renal de los corticosteroides son suficientes para evitar su elevación sérica, protegiendo al niño de sus efectos a largo plazo.
Periprosthetic Femoral Stress Fracture After Bisphosphonate Treatment Resulting in Nonunion Successfully Treated with Teriparatide
Authors: Ramani Azaan , Wagner Russell 
Published: May 2016

Case:
We present the case of a postmenopausal osteoporotic woman, treated with bisphosphonates, who developed a stress fracture at the tip of a revision femoral component, resulting in nonunion after several operative treatment attempts. The nonunion healed after 7 months of subcutaneous injections of 20 μg/day of teriparatide.

Conclusion:
Teriparatide treatment should be considered for use in recalcitrant stress fractures after total hip arthroplasty.
Determination and Extraction of Acetamiprid Residues in Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Nawaz Allah , Niaz Abid , Ilyas Muhammad , Shah Syed Shahid Hussain , Asi Muhammad Rafiq , Ahmad Zahid Ashfaq 
Published: May 2016

<p align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> <span style="font-size: medium;">Vegetables (chilies, tomato, cauliflower and cucumber) and fruits (mango and apple) samples were spiked with known quantity (0.50 mg kg-1) of acetamiprid reference standard for testing the retrieval percentage of acetamiprid residue in those vegetables and fruits. The efficiency of different extracting (ethyl acetate and dichloromethane + acetone 8:2) and eluting (ethyl acetate and dichloromethane + acetone 8:2) solvents and adsorbents (activated charcoal and florisil) for clean up purpose was calculated using HPLC. Amongst the extracting solvents ethyl-acetate was observed an effective extracting solvent alone which produced maximum 90-96% </span><span style="font-size: medium;">recovery for acetamiprid residues while among the eluting solvents a combination of dichloromethane and acetone ( ratio 8:2) produced superior recoveries i.e. 87-95%. Similarly, between the adsorbents used for clean up purpose activated charcoal and florisil in tandem (first from charcoal and then through florisil) yielded recoveries 82-90 % whereas adsorbents used alone in form of activated florisil and charcoal recovered only 70 to 78 % and 71 to 73% acetamiprid residues, respectively in all vegetables and fruits.</span></span></p>
Molecular Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Humans in Zimbabwe Using 16S Ribosequencing
Authors: Chin’ombe Nyasha , Muzividzi Boniface , Munemo Ellen , Nziramasanga Pasipanodya 
Published: May 2016

Background:Several nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) were previously isolated from diverse environments such as water, soil, sewage, food and animals. Some of these NTM are now known to be opportunistic pathogens of humans.Objective:The main purpose of the study was to identify NTM isolates stored at the National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL) and were previously isolated from humans during a national tuberculosis (TB) survey.Methods:Pure NTM cultures already isolated from human sputum samples during the national TB survey were retrieved from the NMRL and used for this study. DNA was extracted from the samples and 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The amplicons were sequenced and bioinformatics tools were used to identify the NTM species.Results:Out of total of 963 NTM isolates stored at the NMRL, 81 were retrieved for speciation. Forty isolates (49.4%) were found to belong toMycobacterium avium-intracellularecomplex (MAC) species. The other 41 isolates (50.6%) were identified asM. lentiflavum(6.2%),M. terraecomplex (4.9%),M. paraense(4.9%),M. kansasii(3.7%),M. moriokaense(3.7%),M. asiaticum(2.5%),M. novocastrense(2.5%),M. brasiliensis(2.5%),M. elephantis(2.5%),M. paraffinicum(1.2%),M. bohemicum(1.2%),M. manitobense(1.2%),M. intermedium(1.2%),M. tuberculosiscomplex (1.2%),M. parakoreense(1.2%),M. florentinum(1.2%),M. litorale(1.2%),M. fluoranthenivorans(1.2%),M. sherrisii(1.2%),M. fortuitum(1.2%) andM septicum(1.2%). Two isolates (2.5%) could not be identified, but were closely related toM. montefiorenseandM. phleirespectively. Interestingly, the MAC species were the commonest NTM during the survey.Conclusion:The study emphasizes the importance of identifying species of NTM in Zimbabwe. Future studies need to ascertain their true diversity and clinical relevance.
Effects of Stenting for Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis on eGFR and Predictors of Clinical Events in the CORAL Trial
Authors: Tuttle Katherine R. , Dworkin Lance D. , Henrich William , Greco Barbara A. , Steffes Michael , Tobe Sheldon , Shapiro Joseph I. , Jamerson Kenneth , Lyass Asya , Pencina Karol , Massaro Joseph M. , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Cutlip Donald E. , Murphy Timothy P. , Cooper Christopher J. 
Published: May 2016

Background and objectives
Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis may cause kidney function loss, but effects of stenting on eGFR and clinical events associated with CKD are uncertain. Our study objectives were to determine effects of stenting on eGFR and predictors of clinical events.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Participants (n=931) in the Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Artery Stenosis Trial (from May of 2005 to September of 2012) had >60% atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and systolic hypertension on two or more antihypertensive drugs and/or stage ≥3 CKD. The intervention was stenting versus no stenting on a background of risk factor management: renin-angiotensin system inhibition, statin, antiplatelet therapy, and smoking cessation education. The effect of stenting on eGFR by the serum creatinine-cystatin C Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation was the prespecified analysis of kidney function. Predictors of eGFR and CKD outcomes (≥30% eGFR loss, ESRD, and death) and cardiovascular disease outcomes (stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and death) controlling for eGFR and albuminuria were also determined.

Results
eGFR was 59±24 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (mean±SD) at baseline. Over 3 years, eGFR change, assessed by generalized estimating equations, was −1.5±7.0 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year in the stent group versus −2.3±6.3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year in the medical therapy only group (P=0.18). eGFR predictors (multiple variable generalized estimating equations) were age, albuminuria, systolic BP, and diabetes (inverse associations) as well as men, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol (positive associations). CKD outcomes events occurred in 19% (175 of 931), and predictors (Cox proportional hazards models) included albuminuria (positive association), systolic BP (positive association), and HDL cholesterol (inverse association). Cardiovascular disease outcomes events occurred in 22% (207 of 931), and predictors included age, albuminuria, total cholesterol, prior cardiovascular disease, and bilateral atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (positive associations).

Conclusions
Stenting did not influence eGFR in participants with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis receiving renin-angiotensin system inhibition–based therapy. Predictors of clinical events were traditional risk factors for CKD and cardiovascular disease.
Age-related changes in the morphology and protein expression of the thymus of healthy yaks (Bos grunniens)
Authors: Zhang Qian , Yang Kun , Yangyang Pan , He Junfeng , Yu Sijiu , Cui Yan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate age-related changes in the morphology and expression of cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), S100 β, and caspase-3 of the thymus of healthy yaks (Bos grunniens).
ANIMALS 15 healthy male yaks of various ages from highland plateaus.
PROCEDURES Yaks were allocated to 3 groups on the basis of age (newborn [1 to 7 days old; n = 5], juvenile [5 to 7 months old, 5], and adult [3 to 4 years old; 5]) and euthanized. The thymus was harvested from each yak within 10 minutes after euthanasia. Morphological characteristics were assessed by histologic examination and transmission electron microscopy. Expression of CD3, S100 β, and caspase-3 mRNA and protein was measured by quantitative real-time PCR assay, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical staining.
RESULTS As age increased, functional thymic tissue was replaced with adipose and connective tissues and the thymic capsule thickened. Expression of CD3 and S100 β mRNA and protein decreased with age, whereas expression of caspase-3 mRNA and protein increased with age. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that CD3-positive thymocytes were located within both the thymic cortex and medulla, S100 β–positive thymic dendritic cells were located in the corticomedullary junction and medulla, and caspase-3–positive thymocytes were diffusely scattered throughout the cortex and medulla.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that age-related thymic changes in yaks that live on highland plateaus were similar to those observed in humans and other mammals. Thus, yaks might serve as a model to study thymic immune system adaptations to high elevations.
Changes in the dimension and volume of feline injection-site sarcomas following formalin fixation as determined by use of the ellipsoid volume formula and three-dimensional computed tomography software
Authors: Terry Jesse L. , Milovancev Milan , Löhr Christiane V. , Nemanic Sarah 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in the dimension and volume of feline injection-site sarcomas (FISSs) before (in vivo) and after surgical excision and formalin fixation (ex vivo) as determined by measurements obtained from 2-D and 3-D CT images.
SAMPLE 10 excised FISSs.
PROCEDURES The maximum length, width, and depth of each FISS were measured on contrast-enhanced 2-D CT images of the tumor obtained in vivo and ex vivo. Those measurements were used to estimate tumor volume with the standard ellipsoid formula. Tumor volume was also calculated from 3-D CT images with software that used a volume-rendering algorithm. Student paired t tests were used for comparisons between the in vivo and ex vivo assessments.
RESULTS Small decreases were detected in maximum tumor length, width, and depth between the in vivo and ex vivo assessments; however, tumor length was the only dimension that decreased significantly between the 2 assessments. Median tumor volume decreased significantly between the in vivo and ex vivo assessments regardless of the method used to estimate it. Tumor volume estimated by the ellipsoid formula was significantly lower than that estimated by the 3-D CT software at both assessments.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that shrinkage of FISSs following excision and formalin fixation was small and may be less than that of grossly normal tissue. Tumor volume estimated by the ellipsoid formula was consistently less than that estimated by 3-D CT software and should not be used when accuracy of tumor volume is of particular concern and advanced CT imaging is available.
Pharmacokinetics and tissue elimination of flunixin in veal calves
Authors: Kissell Lindsey W. , Brinson Patrick D. , Gehring Ronette , Tell Lisa A. , Wetzlich Scott E. , Baynes Ronald E. , Riviere Jim E. , Smith Geof W. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe plasma pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue elimination of flunixin in veal calves.
ANIMALS 20 unweaned Holstein calves between 3 and 6 weeks old.
PROCEDURES Each calf received flunixin (2.2 mg/kg, IV, q 24 h) for 3 days. Blood samples were collected from all calves before the first dose and at predetermined times after the first and last doses. Beginning 24 hours after injection of the last dose, 4 calves were euthanized each day for 5 days. Plasma and tissue samples were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by compartmental and noncompartmental methods.
RESULTS Mean ± SD plasma flunixin elimination half-life, residence time, and clearance were 1.32 ± 0.94 hours, 12.54 ± 10.96 hours, and 64.6 ± 40.7 mL/h/kg, respectively. Mean hepatic and muscle flunixin concentrations decreased to below FDA-established tolerance limits (0.125 and 0.025 μg/mL, respectively) for adult cattle by 3 and 2 days, respectively, after injection of the last dose of flunixin. Detectable flunixin concentrations were present in both the liver and muscle for at least 5 days after injection of the last dose.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The labeled slaughter withdrawal interval for flunixin in adult cattle is 4 days. Because administration of flunixin to veal calves represents extralabel drug use, any detectable flunixin concentrations in edible tissues are considered a violation. Results indicated that a slaughter withdrawal interval of several weeks may be necessary to ensure that violative tissue residues of flunixin are not detected in veal calves treated with that drug.
Cultivating Civic Ecology
Authors: Harper Krista , Afonso Ana Isabel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUrban gardens are a form of self-provisioning, leisure and activist practice that is cropping up in cities around the world (Mougeot 2010). We present the history and contemporary terrain of Lisbon’s urban gardens and discuss the cultural values that gardeners attach to the practice of growing food in interstitial urban spaces. We present initial findings from our research with an urban gardeners’ association as it attempts to transform informal or clandestine garden spaces into an ‘urban agricultural park’. This coalition of gardeners from diverse socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds is reclaiming land and using a participatory design process to create a shared space. They hope to grow vegetables and to re-grow ‘community’ by forging shared experiences in the neighbourhood. We describe how we used Photovoice as a process for exploring residents’ motivations in planting informal and community gardens on public land. What visions of sustainability and the contemporary city emerge from the practice of urban gardening? What kinds of urban gardening practices produce ‘communities of practice’ that cross ethnic, socioeconomic, and generational lines? The Photovoice approach allowed us to examine how gardeners conceptualise their use of urban space as they build new civic identities around gardening and make political claims to gain access and control over vacant land.
MESA ISOCHRONES AND STELLAR TRACKS (MIST). I. SOLAR-SCALED MODELS
Authors: Choi Jieun , Dotter Aaron , Conroy Charlie , Cantiello Matteo , Paxton Bill , Johnson Benjamin D. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
This is the first of a series of papers presenting the Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST) project, a new comprehensive set of stellar evolutionary tracks and isochrones computed using MESA, a state-of-the-art open-source 1D stellar evolution package. In this work, we present models with solar-scaled abundance ratios covering a wide range of ages (

), masses (

), and metallicities (

). The models are self-consistently and continuously evolved from the pre-main sequence (PMS) to the end of hydrogen burning, the white dwarf cooling sequence, or the end of carbon burning, depending on the initial mass. We also provide a grid of models evolved from the PMS to the end of core helium burning for

. We showcase extensive comparisons with observational constraints as well as with some of the most widely used existing models in the literature. The evolutionary tracks and isochrones can be downloaded from the project website at http://waps.cfa.harvard.edu/MIST/.
SOAR OPTICAL AND NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF NEWLY DISCOVERED MASSIVE STARS IN THE PERIPHERY OF GALACTIC MASSIVE STAR CLUSTERS I-NGC 3603
Authors: Roman-Lopes A. , Franco G. A. P. , Sanmartim D. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
In this work, we present the results of a spectroscopic study of very massive stars (VMSs) found outside the center of the massive stellar cluster NGC 3603. From the analysis of the associated Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) Telescope spectroscopic data and related optical–near-IR (NIR) photometry, we confirm the existence of several VMSs in the periphery of NGC 3603. The first group of objects (MTT58, WR42e, and RF7) is composed of three new Galactic exemplars of the OIf*/WN type, all of them with probable initial masses well above 100

and estimated ages of about 1 Myr. Based on our Goodman blue-optical spectrum of another source in our sample (MTT68), we can confirm the previous finding in the NIR of the only other Galactic exemplar (besides HD 93129A) of the O2If* type known to date. Based on its position relative to a set of theoretical isochrones in a Hertzprung–Russel (H–R) diagram, we concluded that the new O2If* star could be one of the most massive (150

) and luminous (M

V
= −7.3) O-stars in the Galaxy. Also, another remarkable result is the discovery of a new O2v star (MTT31), which is the first exemplar of that class so far identified in the Milk Way. From its position in the H–R diagram it is found that this new star probably had an initial mass of 80

, as well as an absolute magnitude of M

V
= −6.0, corresponding to a luminosity similar to other known O2v stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Finally, we also communicate the discovery of a new Galactic O3.5If* star (RFS8) that is quite an intriguing case. Indeed, it is located far to the south of the NGC 3603 center, in apparent isolation at a large radial projected linear distance of ∼62 pc. Its derived luminosity is similar to that of the other O3.5If* (Sh18) found in NGC 3603's innermost region, and the fact that a such high mass star is observed so isolated in the field led us to speculate that perhaps it could have been expelled from the innermost parts of the complex by a close fly-by dynamical encounter with a very massive hard binary system.
THE INFLUENCE OF QUANTUM VACUUM FRICTION ON PULSARS
Authors: Coelho Jaziel G. , Pereira Jonas P. , Araujo José C. N. de 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We first revisit the energy loss mechanism known as quantum vacuum friction (QVF), clarifying some of its subtleties. Then we investigate the observables that could easily differentiate QVF from the classical magnetic dipole radiation for pulsars with accurately measured braking indices (n). We show that this is particularly the case for the time evolution of a pulsar’s magnetic dipole direction (

) and surface magnetic field (

). As is well known in the context of the classic magnetic dipole radiation, n < 3 would only be possible for positive

, which, for instance, leads to

(

) when ϕ (B
0) is constant. On the other hand, we show that QVF can result in very different predictions with respect to those above. Finally, even if

has the same sign in both of the aforementioned models for a pulsar, then, for a given ϕ, we show that they give rise to different associated timescales, which could be another way to falsify QVF.
Entrepreneurship and prior experience as antecedents of absorptive capacity of high-tech academic spin-offs
Authors: Khodaei H. , Scholten V.E. , Wubben E.F.M. , Omta S.W.F. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We investigate the influence of entrepreneurial orientation and team efficacy, in addition to the impact of domain-specific industry and research experience of spin-off management teams, on absorptive capacity, both potential and realised. A multiple regression analysis in 95 Dutch high-tech academic spin-offs indicates that entrepreneurial orientation and domain-specific research experience are positively related to potential absorptive capacity while entrepreneurial orientation, team efficacy and domain-specific industry experience are positively related to realised absorptive capacity. Analyses of the explained variance show that entrepreneurial orientation and team efficacy provide a higher contribution to absorptive capacity than domain-specific experience, which contributes to recent debates on antecedents of absorptive capacity for academic spin-offs.
Enhanced Expression of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase in B Cells Drives Systemic Autoimmunity by Disrupting T Cell Homeostasis
Authors: Corneth Odilia B. J. , de Bruijn Marjolein J. W. , Rip Jasper , Asmawidjaja Patrick S. , Kil Laurens P. , Hendriks Rudi W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUpon BCR stimulation, naive B cells increase protein levels of the key downstream signaling molecule Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK). Transgenic CD19-hBtk mice with B cell–specific BTK overexpression show spontaneous germinal center formation, anti-nuclear autoantibodies, and systemic autoimmunity resembling lupus and Sjögren syndrome. However, it remains unknown how T cells are engaged in this pathology. In this study, we found that CD19-hBtk B cells were high in IL-6 and IL-10 and disrupted T cell homeostasis in vivo. CD19-hBtk B cells promoted IFN-γ production by T cells and expression of the immune-checkpoint protein ICOS on T cells and induced follicular Th cell differentiation. Crosses with CD40L-deficient mice revealed that increased IL-6 production and autoimmune pathology in CD19-hBtk mice was dependent on B–T cell interaction, whereas IL-10 production and IgM autoantibody formation were CD40L independent. Surprisingly, in Btk-overexpressing mice, naive B cells manifested increased CD86 expression, which was dependent on CD40L, suggesting that T cells interact with B cells in a very early stage of immune pathology. These findings indicate that increased BTK-mediated signaling in B cells involves a positive-feedback loop that establishes T cell–propagated autoimmune pathology, making BTK an attractive therapeutic target in autoimmune disease.