bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difference in the impact of homebound status on functional decline between independent older men and women: A 2 year follow‐up study
Authors: Hamazaki Yuko , Morikawa Yuko , Morimoto Shigeto , Nakagawa Hideaki 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between homebound status and functional decline over a 2 year follow‐up period and the sex difference in its association.MethodsThe study subjects were 2956 independently living older individuals (1267 men, 1679 women). Homebound persons were defined as individuals who left home less than once a week. Subjects judged to be eligible for a support program or long‐term care by the committee of the long‐term care insurance system were considered functionally dependent. Using a Cox proportional hazard model, the present authors evaluated the association between homebound status and onset of functional dependence.ResultsOf the 2946 subjects, 223 (7.6%) were homebound. During the follow‐up period, 153 subjects became functionally dependent. Adjusting for age and household type, the hazard ratio (HR) for onset of functional dependence in the homebound group (compared with the non‐homebound group) was 5.46 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.00–9.94) for men and 2.62 (95% CI, 1.66–4.14) for women. After adjustment for locomotor function, cognitive function, depressive state, age, and household type, the HR for onset of functional dependence in association with homebound status remained significantly increased in men (HR, 3.12 [95% CI, 1.59–6.10]), but not in women (HR, 1.43 [95% CI, 0.87–2.35]).ConclusionThis study suggests that homebound status is a risk for functional dependence in both men and women. In men, being homebound despite intact functional ability was also a risk for functional dependence. Considering the respective characteristics of each sex may be important for planning support programs to prevent homebound for older persons.
Effectiveness of the training material in drug‐dose calculation skills
Authors: Basak Tulay , Aslan Ozlem , Unver Vesile , Yildiz Dilek 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the training material based on low‐level environmental fidelity simulation in drug‐dose calculation skills in senior nursing students.MethodsA quasi‐experimental design with one group. The sample included senior nursing students attending a nursing school in Turkey in the period December 2012–January 2013. Eighty‐two senior nursing students were included in the sample. Data were obtained using a data collection form which was developed by the researchers. A paired‐sample t‐test was used to compare the pretest and post‐test scores.ResultsThe difference between the mean pretest score and the mean post‐test score was statistically significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionThis study revealed that the training material based on low‐level environmental fidelity simulation positively impacted accurate drug‐dose calculation skills in senior nursing students.
Health‐related quality of life and psychological well‐being in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: An integrative review
Authors: Pinto Julian Dong Oh , He Hong‐Gu , Chan Sally Wai Chi , Wang Wenru 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimThis integrative review aims to summarize the evidence regarding the health‐related quality of life, psychological well‐being, and the relevant influencing factors in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.MethodsAn integrative published work review was adopted. Articles published in English from 2002 to 2014 that addressed the variables of health‐related quality of life, psychological well‐being, or the relevant influencing factors in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia were included.ResultsOf the 4708 articles retrieved, 16 were deemed relevant. Analysis of the published work suggests that benign prostatic hyperplasia has a negative impact on health‐related quality of life, citing two major predictive factors: lower urinary tract symptoms and medical management. The psychological well‐being of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia remains inconclusive as very limited studies have been conducted to investigate this aspect in these men. Limited studies collectively investigate the relationship among concepts such as health‐related quality of life, psychological well‐being, and sociodemographic and clinical factors related to benign prostatic hyperplasia.ConclusionThis review highlights the need to conduct further study on health‐related quality of life and the psychological well‐being of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, especially in an Asian context. Such efforts promote patient‐centric care and improve patient satisfaction through incorporating the concept of health‐related quality of life into clinical practices.
The Social‐Cognitive Underpinnings of Employees’ Ambidextrous Behaviour and the Supportive Role of Group Managers’ Leadership
Authors: Kauppila Olli‐Pekka , Tempelaar Michiel P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAlthough research on organizational ambidexterity has exploded in the past several years, the determinants of individual‐level ambidexterity have received little scholarly attention. This is surprising given that management scholars increasingly highlight the benefits of combining explorative and exploitative activities in individual employees’ work roles. Using data collected by a two‐wave survey of 638 employees nested in 173 groups across 34 organizations, our research demonstrates that both psychological factors and leadership predict employees’ ambidextrous behaviour. Our results demonstrate that general self‐efficacy positively predicts ambidextrous behaviour through learning orientation. In addition, we show that employees exhibit higher ambidexterity when their group managers demonstrate paradoxical leadership; that is, a leadership style that couples strong managerial support with high performance expectations. Paradoxical leadership also moderates the relationship between learning orientation and individual ambidexterity such that employees’ ambidextrous behaviour is highest when paradoxical leadership and employee learning orientation are simultaneously at high levels.
Regional Cerebral Gray Matter Volume in HIV‐Positive Patients with Executive Function Deficits
Authors: Corrêa Diogo Goulart , Zimmermann Nicolle , Netto Tania Maria , Tukamoto Gustavo , Ventura Nina , de Castro Bellini Leite Sarah , Cabral Rafael Ferracini , Fonseca Rochele Paz , Bahia Paulo Roberto Valle , Gasparetto Emerson Leandro 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTPURPOSETo evaluate whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients with and without executive functions deficits and healthy control subjects differ on cortical thickness and subcortical brain structures volume in vivo.METHODSIn total, 34 HIV‐positive patients with executive functions deficits were compared with 13 HIV‐positive patients without executive functions deficits and 19 gender‐, age‐, and education‐matched control subjects. Executive functions impairments were classified by performance on the Wisconsin card sorting test. T1 3‐dimensional magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo‐weighted imaging was performed using a 1.5 Tesla (magnetic resonance) MR scanner. FreeSurfer software was used to perform cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation of subcortical gray matter structures.RESULTSHIV‐positive patients with executive functions deficits had smaller volumes in the right and left caudate compared with the HIV‐positive patients without executive functions deficits and control groups. In addition, HIV‐positive patients with executive functions deficits had smaller volumes in their left accumbens, right putamen, and globus pallidum compared with the control group. No significant differences in cortical thickness were observed between the groups.CONCLUSIONHIV‐positive patients with executive functions deficits have reduced volumes of several subcortical structures, primarily in the caudate nucleus.
Transcranial Sonography Findings in Depression in Association With Psychiatric and Neurologic Diseases: A Review
Authors: Krogias Christos , Walter Uwe 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe transcranial sonography (TCS) finding of reduced echogenicity of brainstem raphe (hypoechogenic BR) has been associated with depressive states. Here, we review the TCS studies in subjects with depressive disorders and with depression related to degenerative brain diseases, and compare the frequency and clinical correlates of hypoechogenic BR in these reports. Summarizing the data published so far, hypoechogenic BR is present in 67% (range, 37‐95%) of depressed but only in 15% (5‐36%) of nondepressed subjects without history of neurodegenerative disease. The finding of hypoechogenic BR in these subjects is associated with a relative risk of 3.03 (95% CI, 2.44‐3.75; P < .001) of being diagnosed with depression. In patients with Parkinson's disease, hypoechogenic BR is present in 63% (35‐92%) of depressed but only in 27% (10‐62%) of nondepressed patients, resulting in a relative risk of 2.18 (95% CI, 1.80‐2.66; P < .001) of being diagnosed with depression. Hypoechogenic BR is associated with depression in a number of neurological disorders such Huntington's disease, idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, myotonic dystrophies, and cerebral small vessel disease. Although some studies did not show any relationship between BR echogenicity and severity of depression, others suggest an association with higher severity of depression, or even with suicidal ideation. In one study BR hypoechogenicity was found to be associated with better responsivity to serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Further studies are warranted to compare the TCS findings of BR alteration with post‐mortem histopathological findings, and with genetic variants related to cerebral serotonin metabolism.
Alpha‐wave frequency characteristics in health and insomnia during sleep
Authors: Schwabedal Justus T. C. , Riedl Maik , Penzel Thomas , Wessel Niels 
Published: January 2016

SummaryAppearances of alpha waves in the sleep electrencephalogram indicate physiological, brief states of awakening that lie in between wakefulness and sleep. These microstates may also cause the loss in sleep quality experienced by individuals suffering from insomnia. To distinguish such pathological awakenings from physiological ones, differences in alpha‐wave characteristics between transient awakening and wakefulness observed before the onset of sleep were studied. In polysomnographic datasets of sleep‐healthy participants (n = 18) and patients with insomnia (n = 10), alpha waves were extracted from the relaxed, wake state before sleep onset, wake after sleep‐onset periods and arousals of sleep. In these, alpha frequency and variability were determined as the median and standard deviation of inverse peak‐to‐peak intervals. Before sleep onset, patients with insomnia showed a decreased alpha variability compared with healthy participants (P < 0.05). After sleep onset, both groups showed patterns of decreased alpha frequency that was lower for wake after sleep‐onset periods of shorter duration. For patients with insomnia, alpha variability increased for short wake after sleep‐onset periods. Major differences between the two groups were encountered during arousal. In particular, the alpha frequency in patients with insomnia rebounded to wake levels, while the frequency in healthy participants remained at the reduced level of short wake after sleep‐onset periods. Reductions in alpha frequency during wake after sleep‐onset periods may be related to the microstate between sleep and wakefulness that was described for such brief awakenings. Reduced alpha variability before sleep may indicate a dysfunction of the alpha generation mechanism in insomnia. Alpha characteristics may also prove valuable in the study of other sleep and attention disorders.
Short persistent sleep duration is associated with poor receptive vocabulary performance in middle childhood
Authors: Seegers Valerie , Touchette Evelyne , Dionne Ginette , Petit Dominique , Seguin Jean R. , Montplaisir Jacques , Vitaro Frank , Falissard Bruno , Boivin Michel , Tremblay Richard E. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to examine whether short sleep duration is associated with poor receptive vocabulary at age 10 years. In the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, parents reported their children's nocturnal sleep duration annually from ages 2.5 to 10 years, and children were assessed for receptive vocabulary using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised (PPVT‐R) at ages 4 and 10 years. Groups with distinct nocturnal sleep duration trajectories were identified and the relationships between sleep trajectories and poor PPVT‐R performance were characterized. In all, 1192 children with available sleep duration and PPVT‐R data participated in this epidemiological study. We identified four longitudinal nocturnal sleep trajectories: short persistent sleepers (n = 72, 6.0%), short increasing sleepers (n = 47, 3.9%), 10‐h sleepers (n = 628, 52.7%) and 11‐h sleepers (n = 445, 37.3%). In all, 14.8% of the children showed poor PPVT‐R performance at age 10 years. Nocturnal sleep trajectories and poor PPVT‐R performance at age 10 were associated significantly (P = 0.003). After adjusting for baseline receptive vocabulary performance at age 4 and other potential confounding variables, logistic regression analyses suggest that, compared to 11‐h sleepers, the odds ratio of presenting poor receptive vocabulary at age 10 was 2.67 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24–5.74, P = 0.012] for short persistent sleepers and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.06–2.59, P = 0.026) for 10‐h sleepers. These results corroborate previous findings in early childhood, and indicate that short sleep duration is associated with poor receptive vocabulary during middle childhood.
Spirituality and Virtue in Christian Formation: A Conversation between Thomistic and Ignatian Traditions
Authors: Austin Nicholas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper reflects on Christian formation, the growth of the disciple into the image of Christ, from two traditions, the Thomistic and Ignatian. The Thomistic tradition offers a rich theological theory of virtue, but seems to require a more convincing narrative of how ‘infused’ virtue develops in the Christian life. The Ignatian tradition offers a more experiential spirituality, but today needs to explain how spiritual experience can be lived out. It is argued that the two traditions can be seen as mutually complementary, and that, by understanding the relation of virtue to the practice of spiritual discernment, a fuller account of Christian formation is possible.
Holiness as Priesthood
Authors: Ryan Fáinche 
Published: January 2016

Abstract‘Who are we?’ as Christian believers, as Church, is a question that each generation of Christians, collectively and as individuals, is impelled to ask. Vatican II's teaching on the universal call to holiness marks a significant step in our journey toward addressing this question. This paper focuses on the call to holiness as deeply rooted in a sharing in the priestly ministry of Christ. The core of the paper is an exploration of the radical and unique nature of the priesthood of Christ. The paper continues by exploring the significance of the universal call to holiness as priesthood in the light of the unique nature of Christ's priesthood. The paper claims that the priesthood into which we are all baptised is at once Chrisological and ecclesiological, and suggests that, in the light of this theological reading, new answers may then arise in regard to the ever-urgent questions of Church order.
“The Return of the Soul”: Psychology, Theology and Soul-Making
Authors: Tyler Peter 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPsychologists have recently once again started using “soul-language” in their anthropological investigations. This paper will explore some of the attempts to “re-soul” psychology over the past few decades, especially in the work of Bruno Bettleheim, Otto Rank and James Hillman. Having explored the strengths and weaknesses of these positions the paper ends with an account of the self taken from the work of St Teresa Benedicta a Cruce (Edith Stein) which, it argues, enables the Christian Trinitarian perspective to resolve tensions inherent in the other psychological models.
Changes in physical activity behaviour and physical function after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Herring L. Y. , Stevinson C. , Davies M. J. , Biddle S. JH. , Sutton C. , Bowrey D. , Carter P. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryAlthough physical activity performed after bariatric surgery is associated with enhanced weight loss outcomes, there is limited information on patients' physical activity behaviour in this context. This systematic review and meta‐analysis assessed pre‐operative to post‐operative changes in physical activity and physical function outcomes among obese adults undergoing bariatric surgery. A total of 50 studies met inclusion criteria with 26 papers reporting data for meta‐analysis. Increases in both objectively recorded and self‐reported physical activity at 12 months were demonstrated. Studies indicated that there was a shift towards a greater amount of active time, but of a lower intensity within the first 6 months of bariatric surgery, suggested by a reduction in moderate to vigorous physical activity but an increase in step count. A standardized mean difference (SMD) of 1.53 (95% CI: 1.02–2.04) based on nine studies indicated improved walking performance at 12 months. Similarly, analysis of five studies demonstrated increased musculoskeletal function at 3–6 months (SMD: 1.51; 95% CI: 0.60–2.42). No relationship was identified between changes in weight and walking performance post‐surgery. More studies assessing physical activity, physical function and weight loss would help understand the role of physical activity in optimizing post‐operative weight and functional outcomes.
The Role of Cultural Beliefs in Accessing Antenatal care in Malawi: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Roberts Joni , Hopp Marshak Helen , Sealy Diadrey‐Anne , Manda‐Taylor Lucinda , Mataya Ron , Gleason Peter 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe World Health Organization in 2002 recommended a focused antenatal care model of four visits for women in low‐income countries. Despite the high percentage of mothers (95%) who see a skilled attendant and the adaptation of the recommended antenatal model, only 46% of Malawian mothers meet the recommendation. The purpose of this study was to identify the cultural beliefs that influence women's antenatal care or pregnancy‐related health care decisions.MethodsTwenty pregnant mothers and eight health workers from two urban tertiary care hospitals in Malawi were recruited to participate in a qualitative study assessing barriers to antenatal care. Data were collected between September and December 2014 through face‐face, audio‐recorded interviews, and a demographic survey.ResultsIdentified maternal cultural beliefs included: seeking advice from village elders, spousal fidelity, and disclosing pregnancy. Health workers mentioned that providers often held the same cultural beliefs and, therefore, turned women away if they tried to go against cultural norms.ConclusionsCultural beliefs play an integral role in the decision‐making process of antenatal care. Specifically, the belief and practice of when to disclose pregnancy prohibits women from seeking antenatal care in the first trimester.
Persistent complex bereavement disorder: clinical utility and classification of the category proposed forDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition
Authors: Shimizu Kanako , Kikuchi Senichiro , Kobayashi Toshiyuki , Kato Satoshi 
Published: January 2016

AimPersistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD) was proposed as a bereavement‐related clinical category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, which included the disorder among conditions for further study. This is an independent clinical category in which intense yearning for the deceased continues for at least 12 months. However, the diagnostic features are still inconclusive. We suggest a variation of PCBD for making category from our clinical experiences.MethodWe presented two representative case studies in which grief caused by bereavement was observed as the root of the pathological condition. We examined the disorder's pathological conditions, diagnoses, and appropriate treatments based on the cases we experienced.ResultsBoth cases involved elderly women who lost their spouse through illness and experienced prolonged grief for an extended period, resulting in hospital admission. Based on the two cases, we believe that PCBD can also include a psychotic type with hallucinations as a major symptom. While studying PCBD, we took into account specific cultural characteristics of Japanese people and their present day social environment.ConclusionsSuch cases would be suggestive when determining the PCBD clinical category in the future. PCBD is considered to be clinically very useful, especially in an extremely aged society as seen in developed countries, including Japan.
Parenting styles and trait emotional intelligence in adolescence
Authors: Argyriou Evangelia , Bakoyannis Giorgos , Tantaros Spyridon 
Published: January 2016

The existence of individual differences in trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) makes the investigation of factors that contribute to such variations critical. Given the paucity of research in this area, the purpose of this study was the examination of the relationship between parenting styles and trait EI in an adolescent population. The sample of our study consisted of 127 adolescents (M age = 16.4, SD = 0.96; 42.2% female) from Greek schools, 15–19 years old, who were asked to complete questionnaires of perceived parenting (Parental Authority Questionnaire – PAQ) and trait EI (Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Adolescent Short Form – TEIQue–ASF). The estimation of the association between parenting scores and trait EI was based on a multivariable mixed‐effects regression model. An association between parenting styles and trait EI, statistically significant for authoritativeness (b = 0.27, z = 3.92, p < 0.001) and marginally significant for authoritarianism (b = –0.10, z = –1.77, p = 0.08), emerged even after controlling for a set of potential predictors of trait EI. Additionally, statistically significant associations of adolescents’ gender (b = –0.29, z = –2.37, p = 0.02) and parental education (b = 0.32, z = 2.54, p = 0.01) with trait EI were found. These findings provide insight in the field of trait EI antecedents and underline the potential significance of primary prevention programs with parents that aim to develop trait EI at a young age.