bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of arabinoxylan hydrolysates from defatted rice bran
Authors: Yuwang Prachit , Sulaeva Irina , Hell Johannes , Henniges Ute , Böhmdorfer Stefan , Rosenau Thomas , Chitsomboon Benjamart , Tongta Sunanta 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe water unextractable arabinoxylans (WUAX) contain beneficial phenolic compounds that can be used for food rather than for animal feed. The antioxidant activities of defatted rice bran obtained by xylanase‐aided extraction is reported herein. The chemical and molecular characteristics of extracted fractions were investigated.RESULTSThe WUAX hydrolysate precipitated by 0–60% ethanol (F60), 60–90% ethanol (F6090), and more than 90% ethanol (F90) had decreased molar masses with increasing ethanol concentration. The fractions of interest, F60 and F6090, contained 75% arabinoxylans with ferulic acid as the major bound phenolic acid, followed by p‐coumaric acid. According to chemical‐based antioxidant assays F60 and F6090 exhibited higher diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric iron reducing ability than F90 which contained minor contents of small sugars and free phenolic acids. In cell‐based antioxidant assays, using the fluorescent 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe, all three fractions were potent intracellular scavengers.CONCLUSIONThe high molar mass of WUAX hydrolysates with high amount of bound phenolics contributes to the chemical‐based antioxidant activity. All fractions of WUAX hydrolysates showed high potent intracellular scavenging activity regardless of molar mass, content and the component of bound phenolics. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The vascularized groin lymph node flap (VGLN): Anatomical study and flap planning using multi‐detector CT scanner. The golden triangle for flap harvesting
Authors: Zeltzer Assaf A. , Anzarut Alexander , Braeckmans Delphine , Seidenstuecker Katrin , Hendrickx Benoit , Van Hedent Eddy , Hamdi Moustapha 
Published: May 2017

Introduction: A growing number of surgeons perform lymph node transfers for the treatment of lymphedema. When harvesting a vascularized lymph node groin flap (VGLNF) one of the major concerns is the potential risk of iatrogenic lymphedema of the donor‐site. This article helps understanding of the lymph node distribution of the groin in order to minimize this risk.Materials and Methods: Fifty consecutive patients undergoing abdominal mapping by multi‐detector CT scanner were included and 100 groins analyzed. The groin was divided in three zones (of which zone II is the safe zone) and lymph nodes were counted and mapped with their distances to anatomic landmarks. Further node units were plotted and counted.Results: The average age was 48 years. A mean number of nodes of 6.5/groin was found. In zone II, which is our zone of interest a mean of 3.1 nodes were counted with a mean size of 7.8 mm. In three patients no nodes were found in zone II. In five patients nodes were seen in zone II but were not sufficient in size or number to be considered a lymph node unit. On average the lymph node unit in zone II was found to be 48.3 mm from the pubic tubercle when projected on a line from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine, 16.0 mm caudal to this line, and 20.4 mm above the groin crease. On average the lymph node unit was a mean of 41.7 mm lateral to the SCIV‐SIEV confluence.Conclusion: This study provides increased understanding of the lymphatic anatomy in zone II of the groin flap and suggests a refined technique for designing the VGLNF. As with any flap there is a degree of individual patient variability. However, having information on the most common anatomy and flap design is of great value.
Development of light–weight design technologies for the secure mounting of battery into the body of electric vehicles
Authors: Kim K. J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA common feature of electric vehicles is that they do not emit exhaust gases, such as CO2 or NOx, have low noise and vibration harshness, and are silent as a result of using secondary electric energy, i. e. alternatives to petroleum. The case of an electric vehicle, where a motor system can be substituted for a combustion engine comprises a very fascinating power source which is environmentally sustainable. However, due to the low power performance of the motor and battery source, it is necessary to reduce the weight of the electric vehicle to increase efficiency. In the present study, the stiffness and strength analysis was conducted to evaluate the safety of the battery mounted parts. For these, the CAE (computer aided engineering) simulation of the full vehicle (Metro by Geo Co.=base model) model was performed. The strength criteria evaluation satisfied the tensile strength of the surrounding material in the battery mounting after applying the load of X=‐4 g. In order to improve the stiffness and strength of the base model, a change in design was proposed. A new structure for the floor was suggested to improve the battery mount. This model is designed to improve the act of exchanging batteries, by integrating the body in white fixture in the model. To confirm the possibility of body in white weight reduction, the structure section of overlapped portions and its thickness thinning was studied. From these results, it was confirmed that the body in white design should be possible with high stiffness and strength.
Characterization of arterial wall mechanical properties by a non–invasive method
Authors: Ramaël B. , Salsac A.‐V. , Knopf‐Lenoir C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSimulations of the behavior of blood vessels were performed, using ANSYS Inc. software, modeling fluid‐structure interactions with both strong and weak coupling. The objective was to determine the parietal deformations induced by thermodynamic conditions and pressure drops in the relevant vessels. The simulations involved hyperelastic and large deflection models to simulate the behavior of the wall. They allow the calculation of the numerical displacements and comparison with experimental displacements measured by magnetic resonance imaging, the aim is that the difference between numerical and experimental be as low as possible to deduce the adequate mechanical parameters for the artery. To identify the mechanical properties of the vessels, the optimization technique proposed in ANSYS based on genetic algorithms or gradient algorithms was used. One of the crucial points of identification involves the determination of the non‐stress state. If it is a known parameter for the elastic tube, it has to be determining for blood vessels. The challenge of this work is to determine from a “minimum” quantity of pressure and deformation information, the hyper‐elastic properties of blood vessels. The method based on a patient‐specific geometry deformation concluded that the tangent modulus in diastole is approximately 200 kPa while that in systole is in a range of 300 kPa to 1 MPa.
Metallurgical investigations of laser remelted additively manufactured AlSi10Mg parts
Authors: Schanz J. , Hofele M. , Ruck S. , Schubert T. , Hitzler L. , Schneider G. , Merkel M. , Riegel H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSelective laser melting is gaining importance to manufacture reliable and highly complex parts. However, the surfaces of the selective laser melted parts exhibit for many applications an insufficient high roughness, thus require subsequent post processing steps. A relatively new way to reduce the surface roughness is the laser polishing technique. In the present paper, additively manufactured AlSi10Mg samples were polished with different laser intensities and laser modes. The investigations contain the potential of roughness reduction and enhancement of the surface appearances, which can be achieved by laser polishing of the as‐built surfaces. An initial arithmetic mean roughness of 8.43 μm was remarkably reduced up to 98 %. The compositions of the polished surfaces were detected and the surface appearances were examined. Reasons and mechanisms were explained and depicted for the occurred shade formations on the polished surfaces. High laser intensity led to segregation of silicon and magnesium on the surface. A higher laser intensity enabled an increased melt depth within the conture layer of the selective laser melting structure. Through increasing melt depth, a porosity of max. 1.7 % was detected in the remolten area. Hardness investigations of the initial and laser remolten cross section revealed no significant reduction in hardness.
Within‐person reproducibility and sensitivity to dietary change of C15:0 and C17:0 levels in dried blood spots: Data from the European Food4Me Study
Authors: Albani Viviana , Celis‐Morales Carlos , O'Donovan Clare B. , Walsh Marianne C. , Woolhead Clara , Forster Hannah , Fallaize Rosalind , Macready Anna L. , Marsaux Cyril F. M. , Navas‐Carretero Santiago , San‐Cristobal Rodrigo , Kolossa Silvia , Mavrogianni Christina , Lambrinou Christina P. , Moschonis George , Godlewska Magdalena , Surwillo Agnieszka , Traczyk Iwona , Gundersen Thomas E. , Drevon Christian A. , Daniel Hannelore , Manios Yannis , Martinez J. Alfredo , Saris Wim H. M. , Lovegrove Julie A. , Gibney Michael J. , Gibney Eileen R. , Mathers John C. , Adamson Ashley J. , Brennan Lorraine 
Published: May 2017

ScopePrevious work highlighted the potential of odd‐chain length saturated fatty acids as potential markers of dairy intake. The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of these biomarkers and their sensitivity to changes in dairy intake.Methods and resultsFatty acid profiles and dietary intakes from food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were measured three times over six months in the Food4Me Study. Reproducibility was explored through intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and within‐subject coefficients of variation (WCV). Sensitivity to changes in diet was examined using regression analysis. C15:0 blood levels showed high correlation over time (ICC: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.68), however, the ICC for C17:0 was much lower (ICC: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.46). The WCV for C15:0 was 16.6% and that for C17:0 was 14.6%. There were significant associations between changes in intakes of total dairy, high‐fat dairy, cheese and butter and C15:0; and change in intakes of high‐fat dairy and cream and C17:0.ConclusionResults provide evidence of reproducibility of C15:0 levels over time and sensitivity to change in intake of high‐fat dairy products with results comparable to the well‐established biomarker of fish intake (EPA+DHA).
Tutorial for the structure elucidation of small molecules by means of the LSD software
Authors: Nuzillard Jean‐Marc , Plainchont Bertrand 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAutomatic structure elucidation of small molecules by means of the “logic for structure elucidation” (LSD) software is introduced in the context of the automatic exploitation of chemical shift correlation data and with minimal input from chemical shift values. The first step in solving a structural problem by means of LSD is the extraction of pertinent data from the 1D and 2D spectra. This operation requires the labeling of the resonances and of their correlations; its reliability highly depends on the quality of the spectra. The combination of COSY, HSQC, and HMBC spectra results in proximity relationships between nonhydrogen atoms that are associated in order to build the possible solutions of a problem. A simple molecule, camphor, serves as an example for the writing of an LSD input file and to show how solution structures are obtained. An input file for LSD must contain a nonambiguous description of each atom, or atom status, which includes the chemical element symbol, the hybridization state, the number of bound hydrogen atoms and the formal electric charge. In case of atom status ambiguity, the pyLSD program performs clarification by systematically generating the status of the atoms. PyLSD also proposes the use of the nmrshiftdb algorithm in order to rank the solutions of a problem according to the quality of the fit between the experimental carbon‐13 chemical shifts, and the ones predicted from the proposed structures. To conclude, some hints toward future uses and developments of computer‐assisted structure elucidation by LSD are proposed.
Imaging of nuclear Overhauser enhancement at 7 and 3 T
Authors: Shen Yuanyu , Xiao Gang , Shen Zhiwei , Zhang Xiaolei , Tang Xiangyong , Hu Wei , Zhang Zhiyan , Guan Jitian , Wu Renhua 
Published: May 2017

Nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) is a type of magnetization transfer using cross‐relaxation. It originates from mobile macromolecules, which may have relevance to the evaluation of tumor features. We studied the value of NOE imaging at 7 and 3 T and suggest a utility for diagnosing human brain tumors. Two types of protein solution at different concentrations and pH values, and six normal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, were used to detect NOE signal with a 7 T scanner. Then, six healthy volunteers and 11 patients with brain tumors (six gliomas and five meningiomas) were included at 3 T. Z‐spectra were measured and NOE weighted (NOE*) images were acquired with a three‐offset measurement. Wide spectral separation was shown at both 7 T and 3 T delineating the NOE peak in the Z‐spectrum. The concentration dependence and pH independence of NOE were confirmed in phantom experiments, and NOE values were greater in white matter than in gray matter in vivo. At 3 T, data indicated that NOE* maps were slightly hypointense in gliomas and were not obviously different from meningiomas. Thus, NOE imaging may help distinguish benign from malignant tumors, and as such may contribute to diagnosing brain tumors.
DCE‐MRI prediction of survival time for patients with glioblastoma multiforme: using an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy‐based model and nested model selection technique
Authors: Dehkordi Azimeh N.V. , Kamali‐Asl Alireza , Wen Ning , Mikkelsen Tom , Chetty Indrin J. , Bagher‐Ebadian Hassan 
Published: May 2017

This pilot study investigates the construction of an Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for the prediction of the survival time of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). ANFIS is trained by the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters estimated by the model selection (MS) technique in dynamic contrast enhanced‐magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) data analysis, and patient age. DCE‐MRI investigations of 33 treatment‐naïve patients with GBM were studied. Using the modified Tofts model and MS technique, the following physiologically nested models were constructed: Model 1, no vascular leakage (normal tissue); Model 2, leakage without efflux; Model 3, leakage with bidirectional exchange (influx and efflux). For each patient, the PK parameters of the three models were estimated as follows: blood plasma volume (vp) for Model 1;vpand volume transfer constant (Ktrans) for Model 2;vp,Ktransand rate constant (kep) for Model 3. Using Cox regression analysis, the best combination of the estimated PK parameters, together with patient age, was identified for the design and training of ANFIS. AK‐fold cross‐validation (K = 33) technique was employed for training, testing and optimization of ANFIS. Given the survival time distribution, three classes of survival were determined and a confusion matrix for the correct classification fraction (CCF) of the trained ANFIS was estimated as an accuracy index of ANFIS's performance. Patient age,kepandve(Ktrans/kep) of Model 3, andKtransof Model 2, were found to be the most effective parameters for training ANFIS. The CCF of the trained ANFIS was 84.8%. High diagonal elements of the confusion matrix (81.8%, 90.1% and 81.8% for Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3, respectively), with low off‐diagonal elements, strongly confirmed the robustness and high performance of the trained ANFIS for predicting the three survival classes. This study confirms that DCE‐MRI PK analysis, combined with the MS technique and ANFIS, allows the construction of a DCE‐MRI‐based fuzzy integrated predictor for the prediction of the survival of patients with GBM.
Intra‐ and interindividual variability of fatty acid unsaturation in six different human adipose tissue compartments assessed by 1H‐MRS in vivo at 3 T
Authors: Machann Jürgen , Stefan Norbert , Wagner Robert , Bongers Malte , Schleicher Erwin , Fritsche Andreas , Häring Hans‐Ulrich , Nikolaou Konstantin , Schick Fritz 
Published: May 2017

It is generally accepted that the amount and distribution of adipose tissue (AT) in the human body play an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. In addition, metabolic effects of released saturated fatty acids (FAs) in blood are known to be more critical than those of unsaturated FAs. However, little is known about the variability in unsaturation of FAs in various AT compartments. The aim of this prospective study was the assessment of mono‐ and polyunsaturated FAs in various AT compartments by localized 1H‐MRS in order to obtain insight into the intra‐ and interindividual variability. Associations of FA unsaturation with intrahepatic lipids (IHLs), insulin sensitivity and related AT volumes were analyzed.Fifty healthy Caucasians (36 male, 14 female) participated in this study. Spectroscopic examinations were performed in subcutaneous adipose tissue in the neck (SCATneck), abdominal deep subcutaneous adipose tissue (DSCAT), abdominal superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue (SSCAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), tibial bone marrow (BM) and subcutaneous adipose tissue of the lower leg (SCATcalf) at 3 T. Unsaturated index (UI) was calculated by the ratio of olefinic and methyl resonances, polyunsaturated index (PUI) by the ratio of diallylic and methyl resonances. Volumes of AT compartments (by T1‐weighted MRI) and IHL (single‐voxel STEAM) were assessed at 1.5 T, insulin sensitivity by an oral glucose tolerance test.UI was highest for SCATcalf (0.622) and lowest for BM (0.527). Highest PUI was observed for SSCAT (0.108), lowest for BM (0.093). Significant intraindividual differences between UIs—but not PUIs—are present for most compartments. There is a non‐significant trend for higher UI in males but otherwise no correlation to anthropometric data (age, BMI). A significant negative correlation between UI and AT volume was observed for VAT but for none of the other compartments. Neither UIs nor PUIs show a relation with IHL; insulin sensitivity is significantly correlated to UI in BM (p < 0.01).Unsaturation indices in several distinct AT compartments are location dependent. Our cohort showed only moderate gender‐related differences, with a trend towards less unsaturated FAs (mainly PUI) in females. In BM, insulin resistant subjects are characterized by a higher UI compared with the insulin sensitive ones. Further studies in larger cohorts are necessary to gain further insight into unsaturation of AT.
Evidence of Cat (Felis catus) Fur Exploitation in Medieval Iberia
Authors: Lloveras L. , Thomas R. , Garcia A. , Florensa F. , Segura S. , Medina E. , Orri E. , Nadal J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWhilst the bones of domestic cats (Felis catus) are recovered from archaeological sites in Iberia routinely, they are rarely subjected to detailed analysis. Consequently, there is limited understanding of the nature of cat–human relations, especially in contrast to northern European regions. In this paper, we present a unique assemblage of 899 cat bones recovered from the medieval site of El Bordellet (Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain) and dated between the end of the 10th century ad and the beginning of the 11th century ad. Zooarchaeological and taphonomic analysis provides the first clear evidence of skinning related to cat fur exploitation in Christian medieval Iberia. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Obesity as a risk factor for developing functional limitation among older adults: A conditional inference tree analysis
Authors: Cheng Feon W. , Gao Xiang , Bao Le , Mitchell Diane C. , Wood Craig , Sliwinski Martin J. , Smiciklas‐Wright Helen , Still Christopher D. , Rolston David D. K. , Jensen Gordon L. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo examine the risk factors of developing functional decline and make probabilistic predictions by using a tree‐based method that allows higher order polynomials and interactions of the risk factors.MethodsThe conditional inference tree analysis, a data mining approach, was used to construct a risk stratification algorithm for developing functional limitation based on BMI and other potential risk factors for disability in 1,951 older adults without functional limitations at baseline (baseline age 73.1 ± 4.2 y). We also analyzed the data with multivariate stepwise logistic regression and compared the two approaches (e.g., cross‐validation). Over a mean of 9.2 ± 1.7 years of follow‐up, 221 individuals developed functional limitation.ResultsHigher BMI, age, and comorbidity were consistently identified as significant risk factors for functional decline using both methods. Based on these factors, individuals were stratified into four risk groups via the conditional inference tree analysis. Compared to the low‐risk group, all other groups had a significantly higher risk of developing functional limitation. The odds ratio comparing two extreme categories was 9.09 (95% confidence interval: 4.68, 17.6).ConclusionsHigher BMI, age, and comorbid disease were consistently identified as significant risk factors for functional decline among older individuals across all approaches and analyses.
Modeling mechanical properties of polyhydroxyalkanoate during degradation in animal tissue
Authors: Kehail Abdulrahman A. , Rabbi M d.Fazlay , Bach Nicholas , Chalivendra Vijaya , Brigham Christopher 
Published: May 2017

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of biodegradable and biocompatible polymers produced by several species microorganisms that possess favorable mechanical properties (e.g. strength and elongation properties). Different types of PHA polymers have been used in medical applications. However, in order to better understand the use of this polymer in the different applications, a thorough understanding of the kinetics of in vivo degradation is one of the major requirements. In this study, poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was subcutaneously implanted in mice and incubated for 2, 4, 8, or 16 weeks. After removal from the animal, the strength, elongation, mass loss, and enthalpy of the PHB were tested for each time point. From these data, a mathematical model was generated by Rayleigh's method of dimensional analysis, where polymer strength over tissue contact time could be predicted. To prove the model, previous data obtained by our group were used: poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB‐co‐HHx)] incubation in the presence of human embryonic kidney cells (HEK). It was found that the developed model was aligned with experimental results, could predict the strength of the polymer when in contact with cells, and the predicted strength follows the trend of the experimental data. Also, the dimensionless constant (K) value associated with the model is different for both experiments, where this constant, produced via experimental data, is used for construction of a homogeneous equation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.