bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the Halo Mass Scale Where Galaxies Lose Their Gas*
Authors: Rudnick Gregory , Jablonka Pascale , Moustakas John , Aragón-Salamanca Alfonso , Zaritsky Dennis , Jaffé Yara L. , Lucia Gabriella De , Desai Vandana , Halliday Claire , Just Dennis , Milvang-Jensen Bo , Poggianti Bianca 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A major question in galaxy formation is how the gas supply that fuels activity in galaxies is modulated by their environment. We use spectroscopy of a set of well-characterized clusters and groups at 0.4 < z < 0.8 from the ESO Distant Cluster Survey and compare it to identically selected field galaxies. Our spectroscopy allows us to isolate galaxies that are dominated by old stellar populations. Here we study a stellar-mass-limited sample (

) of these old galaxies with weak [O ii] emission. We use line ratios and compare to studies of local early-type galaxies to conclude that this gas is likely excited by post-AGB stars and hence represents a diffuse gas component in the galaxies. For cluster and group galaxies the fraction with EW([O ii]) > 5 Å is f
[O II]
=

and f
[O II]
=

, respectively. For field galaxies we find f
[O II]
=

, representing a 2.8σ difference between the [O ii] fractions for old galaxies between the different environments. We conclude that a population of old galaxies in all environments has ionized gas that likely stems from stellar mass loss. In the field galaxies also experience gas accretion from the cosmic web, and in groups and clusters these galaxies have had their gas accretion shut off by their environment. Additionally, galaxies with emission preferentially avoid the virialized region of the cluster in position–velocity space. We discuss the implications of our results, among which is that gas accretion shutoff is likely effective at group halo masses (log

/

> 12.8) and that there are likely multiple gas removal processes happening in dense environments.
The Universality of the Rapid Neutron-capture Process Revealed by a Possible Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy Star*
Authors: Casey Andrew R. , Schlaufman Kevin C. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The rapid neutron-capture or r-process is thought to produce the majority of the heavy elements (

) in extremely metal-poor stars. The same process is also responsible for a significant fraction of the heavy elements in the Sun. This universality of the r-process is one of its characteristic features, as well as one of the most important clues to its astrophysical origin. We report the discovery of an extremely metal-poor field giant with

and

, the lowest abundances of strontium and barium relative to iron ever observed. Despite its low abundances, the star 2MASS J151113.24–213003.0 has

, therefore its neutron-capture abundances are consistent with the main solar r-process pattern that has

. It has been suggested that extremely low neutron-capture abundances are a characteristic of dwarf galaxies, and we find that this star is on a highly eccentric orbit with an apocenter ≳100 kpc that lies in the disk of satellites in the halo of the Milky Way. We show that other extremely metal-poor stars with low [Sr, Ba/H] and [Sr, Ba/Fe] plus solar [Sr/Ba] tend to have orbits with large apocenters, consistent with a dwarf galaxy origin for this class of object. The nucleosynthesis event that produced the neutron-capture elements in 2MASS J151113.24–213003.0 must produce both strontium and barium together in the solar ratio. We exclude contributions from the s-process in intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch or fast-rotating massive metal-poor stars, pair-instability supernovae, the weak r-process, and neutron-star mergers. We argue that the event was a Pop III or extreme Pop II core-collapse supernova explosion.
On the Determination of the 7Be(n, α)4He Reaction Cross Section at BBN Energies
Authors: Lamia L. , Spitaleri C. , Bertulani C. A. , Hou S. Q. , Cognata M. La , Pizzone R. G. , Romano S. , Sergi M. L. , Tumino A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

7Be destruction channels are currently a matter of study because of their influence on the 7Li cosmological abundances. Here, we determine the cross section of the (n, α) reaction by using Trojan Horse experimental data for the 7Li(p, α)4He reaction and correcting for Coulomb effects. The deduced 7Be(n, α)4He data overlap with the Big Bang nucleosynthesis energies and the deduced reaction rate allows us to evaluate the corresponding cosmological implications.
Data (after)Lives at the University of Pittsburgh: A Constellations Exhibition in the University Art Gallery
Authors: Langmead Alison , Pardo Gaviria Paulina 
Published: November 2017

This brief essay presents the exhibition Data (after)Lives, which was held in the University Art Gallery at the University of Pittsburgh from September 8 to October 14, 2016. This show was the culmination of a year’s work between the Department of History of Art and Architecture (HAA) and several outside collaborators. It was produced within the Constellations model of research and teaching that is fundamental to the workings of the HAA department as well as to the Visual Media Workshop, the digital humanities lab directed by Alison Langmead (https://haa.pitt.edu/visual-media-workshop), the lead curator of Data (after)Lives. This essay gathers together a few texts produced for the exhibition and presents the experience of working on the show, which was produced by an exceptional group of people, all of whom brought fantastic insight and energy to the project. The online exhibition of Data (after)Lives: The Persistence of Encoded Identity is currently on view at the University Art Gallery website (http://uag.pitt.edu).
First Year Specialist Anaesthesia Training in Ireland: A Logbook Analysis
Authors: O’Shaughnessy SM , Skerritt CJ , Fitzgerald CW , Irwin R , Walsh F 
Published: November 2017

Objective:Acquisition of a new range of skills occurs during first year anaesthesia training. At present, no defined logbook targets exist for the Irish anaesthesia trainee.The aim of this study was to quantify the number of practical procedures performed and supervision required during first year anaesthesia training.Methods:A retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained logbooks of three first year anaesthesia trainees was performed.Results:In the first three months, mean numbers of cases were 224, enodotrachael tube (ETT) 64, laryngael mask airway (LMA) 55, spinal anaesthetic 12, arterial lines 9.5, central lines 0.5, peripheral nerve blockade (PNB) 2, epidurals 0. There was 91.5% direct supervision and 8.5% indirect supervision.In the final three months, mean numbers of cases were 205.5, ETT 28, LMA 35, spinals 50, arterial line insertions 4.5, central line insertions 1.5, PNB 3.5, epidurals 80. There was 68.5% direct supervision and 31.5% indirect supervision.Conclusions:Defined logbook targets are needed to quantify trainee progress.
Derivation and Error Analysis of the Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid at 2 arc min Resolution Version 3 (EMAG2v3)
Authors: Meyer B. , Chulliat A. , Saltus R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid at 2 arc min resolution version 3, EMAG2v3, combines marine and airborne trackline observations, satellite data, and magnetic observatory data to map the location, intensity, and extent of lithospheric magnetic anomalies. EMAG2v3 includes over 50 million new data points added to NCEI's Geophysical Database System (GEODAS) in recent years. The new grid relies only on observed data, and does not utilize a priori geologic structure or ocean‐age information. Comparing this grid to other global magnetic anomaly compilations (e.g., EMAG2 and WDMAM), we can see that the inclusion of a priori ocean‐age patterns forces an artificial linear pattern to the grid; the data‐only approach allows for greater complexity in representing the evolution along oceanic spreading ridges and continental margins. EMAG2v3 also makes use of the satellite‐derived lithospheric field model MF7 in order to accurately represent anomalies with wavelengths greater than 300 km and to create smooth grid merging boundaries. The heterogeneous distribution of errors in the observations used in compiling the EMAG2v3 was explored, and is reported in the final distributed grid. This grid is delivered at both 4 km continuous altitude above WGS84, as well as at sea level for all oceanic and coastal regions.
Chemical Mechanisms and Their Applications in the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Earth System Model
Authors: Nielsen J. Eric , Pawson Steven , Molod Andrea , Auer Benjamin , da Silva Arlindo M. , Douglass Anne R. , Duncan Bryan , Liang Qing , Manyin Michael , Oman Luke D. , Putman William , Strahan Susan E. , Wargan Krzysztof 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNASA's Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Earth System Model (ESM) is a modular, general circulation model (GCM), and data assimilation system (DAS) that is used to simulate and study the coupled dynamics, physics, chemistry, and biology of our planet. GEOS is developed by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. It generates near‐real‐time analyzed data products, reanalyses, and weather and seasonal forecasts to support research targeted to understanding interactions among Earth System processes. For chemistry, our efforts are focused on ozone and its influence on the state of the atmosphere and oceans, and on trace gas data assimilation and global forecasting at mesoscale discretization. Several chemistry and aerosol modules are coupled to the GCM, which enables GEOS to address topics pertinent to NASA's Earth Science Mission. This paper describes the atmospheric chemistry components of GEOS and provides an overview of its Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF)‐based software infrastructure, which promotes a rich spectrum of feedbacks that influence circulation and climate, and impact human and ecosystem health. We detail how GEOS allows model users to select chemical mechanisms and emission scenarios at run time, establish the extent to which the aerosol and chemical components communicate, and decide whether either or both influence the radiative transfer calculations. A variety of resolutions facilitates research on spatial and temporal scales relevant to problems ranging from hourly changes in air quality to trace gas trends in a changing climate. Samples of recent GEOS chemistry applications are provided.
Aspen plus simulation to predict steady state performance of biomass‐CO2 gasification in a fluidized bed gasifier
Authors: Sadhwani Narendra , Adhikari Sushil , Eden Mario R. , Li Pengcheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe use of carbon dioxide as an oxidizing medium for the gasification of biomass has been explored to a limited extent in the literature. In the current study, the output performance of a bench‐scale atmospheric fluidized bed gasifier for biomass‐CO2 gasification was simulated using the Aspen plus simulator. The results from experimental studies conducted to understand the chemistry and kinetics of the process were incorporated in the model using a dynamically linked FORTRAN subr­outine. Different steps of the CO2 gasification process were simulated using a combination of various reactor configurations. Experimental data obtained from varying operating parameters such as CO2/C ratio and temperature were compared with the results from sensitivity analysis performed on the model. To evaluate the validity of the model, parameters such as syngas composition, individual gas yields, and heating value were compared. The results were also compared with the results from a thermodynamic equilibrium model to adjudge the credibility of using a comprehensive CO2 gasification Aspen plus model with kinetics. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Suffering a Loss Is Good Fortune: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Zhao Cui‐Xia , Shen Si‐Chu , Rao Li‐Lin , Zheng Rui , Liu Huan , Li Shu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe sometimes decide to take an offered option that results in apparent loss (e.g., unpaid overtime). Mainstream decision theory does not predict or explain this as a choice we want to make, whereas such a choice has long been described and highly regarded by the traditional Chinese dogma “吃亏是福” (suffering a loss is good fortune). To explore what makes the dogma work, we developed a celebrity anecdote‐based scale to measure “Chikui” (suffering a loss) likelihood and found that:(i) people with higher scores on the Chikui Likelihood Scale (CLS) were more likely to report higher scores on subjective well‐being and the Socioeconomic Index for the present and (ii) the current Socioeconomic Index could be positively predicted not only by current CLS scores but also by retrospective CLS scores recalled for the past, and the predictive effect was enhanced with increasing time intervals. Our findings suggest that “suffering a loss is good fortune” is not a myth but a certain reality. © 2017 The Authors Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Mathematical Modeling, Parametric Estimation, and Operational Control for Natural Gas Sweetening Processes
Authors: Selvan K. Karthigai , Panda Rames C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAs a result of the increased energy demand and the required environmental compliance, purification of natural gas (NG) need to be processed through more efficient technologies. Most the NG sources contain H2S and CO2 as acidic contaminants causing corrosion, reduction in the calorific value of the fuel, and toxicity. Removal of these gases (gas sweetening) is mostly performed in a reactive absorber followed by a stripper for solvents regeneration. Amine solvents are very suitable due to their natural affinity towards the acid gases. In the setting‐up of newer plants or retrofitting of old units in existing plants to improve the efficiency of the sweetening process, modeling, optimization, and safer operational control of the process have drawn the attention of many researchers. The development of better models must take into account the synthesis and implementation of proper control strategies. Rate‐based, equilibrium, and kinetic models supported by thermodynamic properties of the components have been discussed here and experiments carried out to identify new process models have also been presented.
Dioxin-like contaminants are no longer a risk to the American eel (Anguilla rostrata) in Lake Ontario
Authors: Hoobin Sharilyn J. , Byer Jonathan D. , Alaee Mehran , Brown R. Stephen , Hodson Peter V. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

The embryotoxicity of extracts of American eels (Anguilla rostrata) was measured to determine whether maternally derived contaminants contribute to the declining recruitment of eels to Lake Ontario. Sexually maturing, large yellow and silver eels were sampled in 2007 and 2008 from 5 locations in eastern Canada, including Lake Ontario; positive controls included eels from the Hudson River, United States, and Canal Dessel-Schoten, Belgium (European eel, Anguilla anguilla). Japanese medaka eggs were injected immediately after fertilization with 1 or 10 nL of eel extract and, after 12 d, scored for signs of toxicity. Eel extracts did not cause dioxin-like embryotoxicity, reflecting the low concentrations of total dioxin equivalents measured chemically in these same extracts. Embryo mortality and reduced hatching success at high doses of eel extracts may reflect the bioaccumulation of legacy or emerging chemicals of concern. The results were consistent with long-term trends of declining concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in tissues of eels and other fish species from Lake Ontario, trends of declining embryotoxicity of eel tissue extracts, and recent increases of recruitment of juvenile eels to Lake Ontario. If dioxin-like compounds contributed in the past to the decline of recruitment and abundance of American eels in Lake Ontario, these data suggest that recruitment should recover, following the same trends as the recovery of lake trout reproduction in Lake Ontario. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1061–1070. © 2017 SETAC
Monitoring Score Change Patterns to Support TOEIC® Listening and Reading Test Quality
Authors: Wei Youhua , Low Albert 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn most large‐scale programs of tests that aid in making high‐stakes decisions, such as the TOEIC® family of products and service, it is not unusual for a significant portion of test takers to retake the test at multiple times. The study reported here used multilevel growth modeling to explore the score change patterns of nearly 20,000 TOEIC Listening and Reading test takers who repeated the test six times during a 4‐year period. The study revealed that (a) on average, repeaters' scores increased with each subsequent testing; (b) repeaters' score increases were larger for initial retests than for later ones; (c) test takers' educational backgrounds were related to their initial scores but not to their score increases; and (d) test takers' gender was related both to initial scores and to score increases. The results suggest that multilevel growth modeling analysis has potential for evaluating and monitoring test performance across administrations by exploring repeaters' score change patterns over time. The study also provided empirical evidence for the reliability and validity of TOEIC scores.
Why large cells dominate estuarine phytoplankton
Authors: Cloern James E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSurveys across the world oceans have shown that phytoplankton biomass and production are dominated by small cells (picoplankton) where nutrient concentrations are low, but large cells (microplankton) dominate when nutrient‐rich deep water is mixed to the surface. I analyzed phytoplankton size structure in samples collected over 25 yr in San Francisco Bay, a nutrient‐rich estuary. Biomass was dominated by large cells because their biomass selectively grew during blooms. Large‐cell dominance appears to be a characteristic of ecosystems at the land–sea interface, and these places may therefore function as analogs to oceanic upwelling systems. Simulations with a size‐structured NPZ model showed that runs of positive net growth rate persisted long enough for biomass of large, but not small, cells to accumulate. Model experiments showed that small cells would dominate in the absence of grazing, at lower nutrient concentrations, and at elevated (+5°C) temperatures. Underlying these results are two fundamental scaling laws: (1) large cells are grazed more slowly than small cells, and (2) grazing rate increases with temperature faster than growth rate. The model experiments suggest testable hypotheses about phytoplankton size structure at the land–sea interface: (1) anthropogenic nutrient enrichment increases cell size; (2) this response varies with temperature and only occurs at mid‐high latitudes; (3) large‐cell blooms can only develop when temperature is below a critical value, around 15°C; (4) cell size diminishes along temperature gradients from high to low latitudes; and (5) large‐cell blooms will diminish or disappear where planetary warming increases temperature beyond their critical threshold.
Regional patterns of physiological condition determine giant kelp net primary production dynamics
Authors: Bell Tom W. , Reed Daniel C. , Nelson Norman B. , Siegel David A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPhotoautotrophs vary the concentration of photosynthetic pigments in response to changing environmental conditions. In the ocean, the chlorophyll a to carbon ratio (Chl:C) has been used as a proxy for the physiological condition of phytoplankton, and there is laboratory evidence that the growth rate of juvenile giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera), a coastal foundation species, is positively related to Chl:C under nutrient‐limited conditions. We examined the relative roles of nutrients and light in determining Chl:C dynamics and if fluctuations in Chl:C were related to changes in canopy biomass and net primary production (NPP) from sites spanning 750 km of the California coast. Seventy percent of the variability in canopy Chl:C was explained by a combination of photosynthetically active radiation and seawater nitrate concentration. In the periodically nutrient‐limited waters of the Southern California Bight, changes in Chl:C positively resembled changes in available nitrate, whereas Chl:C negatively tracked changes in light for the more nutrient‐replete central California coastline. Values of Chl:C were positively related to residuals from an autoregressive model of kelp biomass at the southern California sites indicating that Chl:C is a proxy for physiological state of the kelp canopy. NPP estimated through correlations with kelp biomass and lagged Chl:C compared well to established field‐based estimates. These results open the possibility of assessing giant kelp physiological condition from estimates of Chl:C modeled from sea surface irradiance and nitrate concentration, which in turn can be used to estimate giant kelp primary production over large spatial and temporal scales using future remote sensing technologies.
Relationship between the crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene glycol) and stereocomplex crystallization of poly(L‐lactic acid)/poly(D‐lactic acid)
Authors: Luo Chunyan , Yang Minrui , Xiao Wei , Yang Jingjing , Wang Yan , Chen Weixing , Han Xia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPoly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) is a good biomedical polymer material with wide applications. The addition of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a plasticizer and the formation of stereocomplex crystals (SCs) have been proved to be effective methods for improving the crystallization of PLLA, which will promote its heat resistance. In this work, the crystallization behavior of PEG and PLLA/poly(d‐lactic acid) (PDLA) in PLLA/PDLA/PEG and PEG‐b‐PLLA/PEG‐b‐PDLA blends has been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Both SCs and homocrystals (HCs) were observed in blends with asymmetric mass ratio of PLLA/PDLA, while exclusively SCs were observed in blends with approximately equal mass ratio of PLLA/PDLA. The crystallization of PEG was only observed for the symmetric blends of PLLA39k/PDLA35k/PEG2k, PLLA39k/PDLA35k/PEG5k, PLLA69k/PDLA96k/PEG5k and PEG‐b‐PLLA31k/PEG‐b‐PDLA27k, where the mass ratio of PLLA/PDLA was approximately 1/1. The results demonstrated that the formation of exclusively SCs would facilitate the crystallization of PEG, while the existence of both HCs and SCs could restrict the crystallization of PEG. The crystallization of PEG is related to the crystallinity of PLLA and PDLA, which will be promoted by the formation of SCs. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
On the validity of complete basis set extrapolation formula optimized for the equilibrium distance applied to the potential energy surface for the correlation energy of the helium dimer
Authors: Sheng Xiaowei , Xu Xian , Huang Shizhong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFull configuration interaction calculations are performed for He2 using various orbital basis sets of the aug‐cc‐pVXZ type, with the correlation energies being extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limit. A two‐point CBS extrapolation formula has been utilized for such a purpose. It is shown that the extrapolation formula with the offset parameter k(R) optimized for the equilibrium distance is not uniformly applicable to HeHe distances in the very short region of the potential energy curve. The offset parameter k(R) in the repulsive region of the potential energy curve can be largely different with the one in the long‐range distances especially in the cases of basis‐sets with large cardinality number. It is also noticed that the accuracy of this extrapolation scheme may not be improved with the increasing of the cardinality number.