bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain regions that show repetition suppression and enhancement: A meta‐analysis of 137 neuroimaging experiments
Authors: Kim Hongkeun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRepetition suppression and enhancement refer to the reduction and increase in the neural responses for repeated rather than novel stimuli, respectively. This study provides a meta‐analysis of the effects of repetition suppression and enhancement, restricting the data used to that involving fMRI/PET, visual stimulus presentation, and healthy participants. The major findings were as follows. First, the global topography of the repetition suppression effects was strikingly similar to that of the “subsequent memory” effects, indicating that the mechanism for repetition suppression is the reduced engagement of an encoding system. The lateral frontal cortex effects involved the frontoparietal control network regions anteriorly and the dorsal attention network regions posteriorly. The left fusiform cortex effects predominantly involved the dorsal attention network regions, whereas the right fusiform cortex effects mainly involved the visual network regions. Second, the category‐specific meta‐analyses and their comparisons indicated that most parts of the alleged category‐specific regions showed repetition suppression for more than one stimulus category. In this regard, these regions may not be “dedicated cortical modules,” but are more likely parts of multiple overlapping large‐scale maps of simple features. Finally, the global topography of the repetition enhancement effects was similar to that of the “retrieval success” effects, suggesting that the mechanism for repetition enhancement is voluntary or involuntary explicit retrieval during an implicit memory task. Taken together, these results clarify the network affiliations of the regions showing reliable repetition suppression and enhancement effects and contribute to the theoretical interpretations of the local and global topography of these two effects. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1894–1913, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heritability of white matter microstructure in late middle age: A twin study of tract‐based fractional anisotropy and absolute diffusivity indices
Authors: Vuoksimaa Eero , Panizzon Matthew S. , Hagler Jr Donald J. , Hatton Sean N. , Fennema‐Notestine Christine , Rinker Daniel , Eyler Lisa T. , Franz Carol E. , Lyons Michael J. , Neale Michael C. , Tsuang Ming T. , Dale Anders M. , Kremen William S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThere is evidence that differences among individuals in white matter microstructure, as measured with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), are under genetic control. However, little is known about the relative contribution of genetic and environmental effects on different diffusivity indices among late middle‐aged adults. Here, we examined the magnitude of genetic influences for fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean (MD), axial (AD), and radial (RD) diffusivities in male twins aged 56–66 years old. Using an atlas‐based registration approach to delineate individual white matter tracts, we investigated mean DTI‐based indices within the corpus callosum, 12 bilateral tracts and all these regions of interest combined. All four diffusivity indices had high heritability at the global level (72%–80%). The magnitude of genetic effects in individual tracts varied from 0% to 82% for FA, 0% to 81% for MD, 8% to 77% for AD, and 0% to 80% for RD with most of the tracts showing significant heritability estimates. Despite the narrow age range of this community‐based sample, age was correlated with all four diffusivity indices at the global level. In sum, all diffusion indices proved to have substantial heritability for most of the tracts and the heritability estimates were similar in magnitude for different diffusivity measures. Future studies could aim to discover the particular set of genes that underlie the significant heritability of white matter microstructure. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2026–2036, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hippocampal gamma‐band Synchrony and pupillary responses index memory during visual search
Authors: Montefusco‐Siegmund Rodrigo , Leonard Timothy K. , Hoffman Kari L. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTMemory for scenes is supported by the hippocampus, among other interconnected structures, but the neural mechanisms related to this process are not well understood. To assess the role of the hippocampus in memory‐guided scene search, we recorded local field potentials and multiunit activity from the hippocampus of macaques as they performed goal‐directed search tasks using natural scenes. We additionally measured pupil size during scene presentation, which in humans is modulated by recognition memory. We found that both pupil dilation and search efficiency accompanied scene repetition, thereby indicating memory for scenes. Neural correlates included a brief increase in hippocampal multiunit activity and a sustained synchronization of unit activity to gamma band oscillations (50–70 Hz). The repetition effects on hippocampal gamma synchronization occurred when pupils were most dilated, suggesting an interaction between aroused, attentive processing and hippocampal correlates of recognition memory. These results suggest that the hippocampus may support memory‐guided visual search through enhanced local gamma synchrony. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Challenge of vegetation greening on water resources sustainability: Insights from a modeling‐based analysis in Northwest China
Authors: Tian Fei , Lü Yi He , Fu Bo Jie , Zhang Lu , Zang Chuan fu , Yang Yong Hui , Qiu Guo Yu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractForest restoration policies are often implemented without the assessment of their full environmental impact. In this study, we investigated the challenges of vegetation greening resulted from forest restoration on water resource sustainability, using a model‐based simulation in northwestern China. Four different vegetation scenarios and 25 future climate scenarios were employed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model. Results suggest that (a) the mean annual evapotranspiration changes from only 7.2% in the barren case to 100% in the forest case; however, it produced a 35.2% reduction in average annual streamflow and a 157% increase in soil water storage. The upstream vegetation greening caused the enhancement of water retention, while also creating great challenges for future downstream water resource sustainability; (b) seasonal effect was significant in that 100% forest case increased evapotranspiration (+40%) but it also reduced the streamflow (−73%) compared to the barren case in growing season, which may exacerbate spring and summer drought; (c) changes of evapotranspiration and streamflow were only 0.3% and −0.9% at T + 3.9 °C when compared to the historic scenario in barren cases, while for all forest cases, variations were 3% and −21.8%, respectively; (d) vegetation greening induced more remarkable changes in hydrological components than those resulting from climate change. Our “what if” research provides new insights for promoting sustainable management of water resources and ecosystems in mountainous water source areas.
Tool‐agnostic Framework for Systems Engineering Implementation
Authors: Gondhalekar Aditya , Kale Shripad , Vidap Akshay 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive framework to implement complex Systems Engineering (SE) methods and processes in a tool agnostic IT architecture. The framework is based on a central systems engineering engine, connecting to several commonly used SE tools and the PLM system. The central engine holds algorithms required for some key SE analyses including change propagation, requirements traceability, impact analysis, and dependency matrices. The framework can be configured for any industry domain. In this paper, the framework is explained by along with its features like requirements elicitation, traceability, function modeling, CAD modeling and V&V.
Make or Buy Decision for Systems – An ESO perspective
Authors: Channappa Sudhakar Dasari , Pichukuppan Arunachalam , Viswanathan Sundararajan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWith advancement of technology and to realize the product on‐time many systems are out‐sourced in the areas of Design, Development and manufacturing from the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) to other suppliers and Engineering Services Organizations (ESO). Often a conflict arises whether to make the System ‘in‐house’ or to ‘procure/buy’ from approved sources. The main drivers for buying would be meeting time schedule, leverage on missing technical expertise of the sub‐system from other suppliers and concentrate on the over‐all system development. The factors that outweigh the subcontracting option include strategic reasons, non‐availability of approved vendors, show stopper in case of a failure of the sub‐system, large Non Recoverable Engineering (NRE) cost, share of sub‐system developer on the production versions and exploiting their monopoly on the cost. ‘Make’ or ‘Buy’ decision is always a valid concept in business. There are various factors influencing ‘make or buy’ decision. Quite a few of the factors are described in brief. In this paper, in order to aid decision making, three models are considered. One model is based on organisation competitiveness and product criticality, the second based on technical competencies and manufacturing capabilities and the third based on break‐even analysis. The break‐even analysis model has been explained with an example. Scenarios considering the changeover of decision to ‘make or buy’ at the middle of the production tenure is also explained.
Value based Architecture of a Suite of Management Tools
Authors: Kumar Anand , Nori Kesav V 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn order to improve the effectiveness of managers, it is imperative that managers need to be supported by information systems. Accordingly, it becomes necessary to design and implement management systems reflecting increasing maturity in interoperability, integration and usage processes so that they can help managers work together. The objective is to create the foundations for responsibility management within an organization by providing information technology based platforms to integrate and coordinate management processes and sharing information across all functional levels and management hierarchies. In this paper, the architecture of a suite of management tools that can aid managers in responsibility management is discussed.
Understanding the System Context and its Impact: Case Study of Mechanized Sugarcane Harvesting in India
Authors: Joshi Nikhil , Gupta Stueti , Jayawant Yatin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDesigners often focus on the primary functions and performance requirements to develop the best architecture for a product or system. However, for most complex product systems the suitability of the architecture is often impacted by the system context. The interactions between the system architecture and supplementary systems and stakeholders in the context give rise to additional requirements and constrain the efficiency of the architecture. This paper presents a study of the system context for mechanized sugarcane harvesting in India to demonstrate these impacts. The study presents findings from primary research conducted by the authors to understand the context. The primary research consisted of multiple interviews with sugar mill officials and growers, as well as a few immersive field studies, involving direct observation of the system operation for a few days. SysML Block Definition Diagrams are used to record the elements and stakeholders in the system context. The exchange of values between stakeholders under different common configurations of the system is captured using value flow diagrams, and the effect of introducing a change in the system is studied. Thus, the study provides an example of how the interactions between the primary value producing system and the stakeholders in the system context can be identified and analyzed.
Use of SysML in a ‘Control Area Network’ Architecture design
Authors: Mittal Mudit 
Published: December 2016

AbstractControl Area Network (CAN), a communication protocol is used across automotive industry to send messages across electronic controllers and sensors. The choice of message set including parameters like ‘Repetition Rate', ‘Priority’ etc. of the messages constitute a key architectural decision that drives the design of controller software. This paper considers a use case where multiple lights are to be controlled using controllers distributed across the machine. An MBSE approach using SysML is used to capture the system structure, properties of individual elements and desired behaviours along with their relationship with the CAN Messages and their parameters.
Situational Awareness based Performance Evaluation of APR 1400 Engineered Safety Features – Component Control Actuation Systems using Augmented Reality
Authors: Murungi Mwongeera , Jung J. C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe system performance of Engineered Safety Features is of utmost importance in a nuclear power plant. The human performance is identified as most critical to assurance of the optimal operability of such systems during an emergency. The aim of this study is to determine how the performance of one such system could be evaluated using Augmented Reality technology. The paper presents a description of how a systems engineered approach could be used to develop the necessary operating conditions needed to conduct this measurement.
Automation in Modern Airplanes ‐ A Safety and Human Factors Based Study
Authors: Sengupta Souparno , Donekal Anantha Krishna , Mathur Ankit Raj 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn last few decades, automation has become the crux of aircraft system design. With progressive strides in the field of computing, data exchange, control and other associated technologies, manufacturers are coming up with ever sophisticated and intelligent automation which are reducing pilot workload and the degree of human intervention necessary in the cockpit. This has made air travel the safest mode of transportation and has enabled crews to cope with increased airspace demands. However statistics show that more and more accidents in the recent years have occurred because of human errors resulting from over reliance or insufficient understanding of the automation. This is testified by accident investigation reports of air disasters like Turkish Airlines B‐737 during approach to Schiphol airport (2009)[1], Air France A‐330 near Rio de Janeiro(2009)[2] and Asiana Airlines B‐777 at San Francisco (2013)[3]. It raises a question of whether automation has really solved the purpose of eliminating human errors and enhancing safety or the industry has created a new challenge in a bid to overcome an old one.In this paper we discuss the philosophies around which aviation related automation is currently built and how it has changed the paradigm of human machine interaction in the cockpit. We also establish the effects of having complex automation in the airplane with respect to training, operating procedures, behavioural instincts of the flight crew and overall safety of the aircraft.We conclude the paper by recommending a new automation philosophy and modelling an existing system around it to illustrate a possible modality of designing automation for aircraft.
High‐speed photoacoustic microscopy of mouse cortical microhemodynamics
Authors: Lin Li , Yao Junjie , Zhang Ruiying , Chen Chun‐Cheng , Huang Chih‐Hsien , Li Yang , Wang Lidai , Chapman William , Zou Jun , Wang Lihong V. 
Published: December 2016

We applied high‐speed photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) for both cortical microenvironment studies and dynamic brain studies, with micrometer‐level optical resolution and a millisecond‐level cross‐sectional imaging speed over a millimeter‐level field of view. We monitored blood flow redistribution in mini‐stroke mouse models and cerebral autoregulation induced by a vasoactive agent. Our results collectively suggest that high‐speed PAM is a promising tool for understanding dynamic neurophysiological phenomena, complementing conventional imaging modalities.
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Metal‐organic‐frameworks for biomedical applications in drug delivery, and as MRI contrast agents
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe metal‐organic‐frameworks (MOFs) materials are increasingly gaining attraction to utilise into biomedical applications. MOFs are playing a major role to harnessing dual or multiple modalities in therapeutics and diagnostics. MOFs are mostly devised for particular biomedical application by post‐synthetic functionalization or modification using variety of polymers, bio‐ligands, and silica coating processes. This article presents a brief overview of two particular areas of biomedical applications where a broad range of MOFs have been used: (1) variety of drug delivery including intracellular drug delivery systems using the MOFs‐based carriers; and, (2) development of MOFs‐based contrast agents for magnetic resonance image enhancement. Biocompatibility, bio‐toxicity, tissue responses, cell viability, cellular uptakes, and, how the effects of size, shape, structural, and morphological properties of the MOFs impact on the utilities in drug delivery and as MRI contrast agents, are discussed. Perspectives, insights and critical reflections into a range of aspects, and future outlook are illustrated. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1184–1194, 2017.
Association of Increased Urinary Albumin With Risk of Incident Clinical Fracture and Rate of Hip Bone Loss: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study
Authors: Fink Howard A , Vo Tien N , Langsetmo Lisa , Barzilay Joshua I , Cauley Jane A , Schousboe John T , Orwoll Eric S , Canales Muna T , Ishani Areef , Lane Nancy E , Ensrud Kristine E 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Prior studies suggest that increased urine albumin is associated with a heightened fracture risk in women, but results in men are unclear. We used data from Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS), a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling men aged ≥65 years, to evaluate the association of increased urine albumin with subsequent fractures and annualized rate of hip bone loss. We calculated albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) from urine collected at the 2003–2005 visit. Subsequent clinical fractures were ascertained from triannual questionnaires and centrally adjudicated by review of radiographic reports. Total hip BMD was measured by DXA at the 2003–2005 visit and again an average of 3.5 years later. We estimated risk of incident clinical fracture using Cox proportional hazards models, and annualized BMD change using ANCOVA. Of 2982 men with calculable ACR, 9.4% had ACR ≥30 mg/g (albuminuria) and 1.0% had ACR ≥300 mg/g (macroalbuminuria). During a mean of 8.7 years of follow-up, 20.0% of men had an incident clinical fracture. In multivariate-adjusted models, neither higher ACR quintile (p for trend 0.75) nor albuminuria (HR versus no albuminuria, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.20) was associated with increased risk of incident clinical fracture. Increased urine albumin had a borderline significant, multivariate-adjusted, positive association with rate of total hip bone loss when modeled in ACR quintiles (p = 0.06), but not when modeled as albuminuria versus no albuminuria. Macroalbuminuria was associated with a higher rate of annualized hip bone loss compared to no albuminuria (–1.8% more annualized loss than in men with ACR &lt;30 mg/g; p &lt; 0.001), but the limited prevalence of macroalbuminuria precluded reliable estimates of its fracture associations. In these community-dwelling older men, we found no association between urine albumin levels and risk of incident clinical fracture, but found a borderline significant, positive association with rate of hip bone loss. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Addressing the Crisis in the Treatment of Osteoporosis: A Path Forward
Authors: Khosla Sundeep , Cauley Jane A , Compston Juliet , Kiel Douglas P , Rosen Clifford , Saag Kenneth G , Shane Elizabeth 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Considerable data and media attention have highlighted a potential “crisis” in the treatment of osteoporosis. Specifically, despite the availability of several effective drugs to prevent fractures, many patients who need pharmacological therapy are either not being prescribed these medications or if prescribed a medication, are simply not taking it. Although there are many reasons for this “gap” in the treatment of osteoporosis, a major factor is physician and patient concerns over the risk of side effects, especially atypical femur fractures (AFFs) related to bisphosphonate (and perhaps other antiresorptive) drug therapy. In this perspective, we review the current state of undertreatment of patients at increased fracture risk and suggest possible short-, intermediate-, and long-term approaches to address patient concerns, specifically those related to AFF risk. We suggest improved patient and physician education on prodromal symptoms, extended femur scans using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to monitor patients on antiresorptive treatment, better identification of high-risk patients perhaps using geometrical parameters from DXA and other risk factors, and more research on pharmacogenomics to identify risk markers. Although not the only impediment to appropriate treatment of osteoporosis, concern over AFFs remains a major issue and one that needs to be resolved for effective dissemination of existing treatments to reduce fracture risk. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The effect of education intervention on parenteral medication preparation and administration among nurses in a general intensive care unit
Authors: Tan Suet Yin , Said Mazlina Mohd , Rahman Raha Abdul , Taha Nur Akmar 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe preparation and administration of parenteral medications in intensive care units is associated with high error rates. Lack of knowledge has been identified as the main reason for these errors. This study aims to measure the effects of education intervention on the incidence and types of parenteral medication preparation and administration errors, adherence to good practices, and the accuracy of drug infusions' concentrations. This prospective, pre‐ and post‐interventional study was conducted in a General Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia using an observation method. The preparation and administration of parenteral medications by the nurses was observed directly during pre‐ and post‐intervention. The concentrations of drug infusions (noradrenaline) prepared by the nurses were analysed. The education intervention significantly reduced the error rate from 79% to 50% (p < 0.001), and improved good practices' adherence. However, there was no significant difference in the concentration error rate of the drug infusions prepared in pre‐ (48%) and post‐intervention (53%) (p = 0.70). Future studies may look into the effectiveness of providing practical sessions targeting skills and technique to improve the quality of the drug infusions prepared.