bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coeliac disease in the ERA of the new ESPGHAN and BSPGHAN guidelines: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Benelli Elisa , Carrato Valentina , Martelossi Stefano , Ronfani Luca , Not Tarcisio , Ventura Alessandro 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the consequences of the last European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) and British Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (BSPGHAN) guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease (CD) by means of a prospective study.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingInstitute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo (Trieste, Italy).PatientsChildren diagnosed with CD without a duodenal biopsy (group 1), following the last ESPGHAN and BSPGHAN guidelines, and children diagnosed with a duodenal biopsy, matched for sex, age and year of diagnosis (group 2), were prospectively enrolled over a 3-year period. All patients were put on a gluten-free diet (GFD) and were followed up for clinical conditions and laboratory testing at 6 months every year since diagnosis (median follow up: 1.9 years).Outcome measuresResolution of symptoms, body mass index, laboratory testing (haemoglobin, anti-transglutaminase IgA), adherence to a GFD, quality of life, and supplementary post-diagnosis medical consultations.Results51 out of 468 (11%) patients were diagnosed without a duodenal biopsy (group 1; median age 2.1 years) and matched to 92 patients diagnosed with a biopsy (group 2; median age 2.4 years). At the end of follow-up the two groups were statistically comparable in terms of clinical and nutritional status, anti-transglutaminase IgA antibody titres, quality of life, adherence to a GFD, and number of supplementary medical consultations.ConclusionsOn the basis of this prospective study, diagnosis of CD can be reliably performed without a duodenal biopsy in approximately 11% of cases. At least during a medium-term follow-up, this approach has no negative consequences relating to clinical remission, adherence to diet, and quality of life of children with CD.
Open three-stage transthoracic oesophagectomy versus minimally invasive thoraco-laparoscopic oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer: protocol for a multicentre prospective, open and parallel, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mu Juwei , Gao Shugeng , Mao Yousheng , Xue Qi , Yuan Zuyang , Li Ning , Su Kai , Yang Kun , Lv Fang , Qiu Bin , Liu Deruo , Chen Keneng , Li Hui , Yan Tiansheng , Han Yongtao , Du Ming , Xu Rongyu , Wen Zhaoke , Wang Wenxiang , Shi Mingxin , Xu Quan , Xu Shun , He Jie 
Published: November 2015

IntroductionOesophageal cancer is the eighth most common cause of cancer worldwide. In 2009 in China, the incidence and death rate of oesophageal cancer was 22.14 per 100 000 person-years and 16.77 per 100 000 person-years, respectively, the highest in the world. Minimally invasive oesophagectomy (MIO) was introduced into clinical practice with the aim of reducing the morbidity rate. The mechanisms of MIO may lie in minimising the reaction to surgical injury and inflammation. There are some randomised trials regarding minimally invasive versus open oesophagectomy, with 100–850 subjects enrolled. To date, no large randomised controlled trial comparing minimally invasive versus open oesophagectomy has been reported in China, where squamous cell carcinoma predominated over adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus.Methods and analysisThis is a 3 year multicentre, prospective, randomised, open and parallel controlled trial, which aims to compare the effectiveness of minimally invasive thoraco-laparoscopic oesophagectomy to open three-stage transthoracic oesophagectomy for resectable oesophageal cancer. Group A patients receive MIO which involves thoracoscopic oesophagectomy and laparoscopic gastric mobilisation with cervical anastomosis. Group B patients receive the open three-stage transthoracic oesophagectomy which involves a right thoracotomy and laparotomy with cervical anastomosis. Primary endpoints include respiratory complications within 30 days after operation. The secondary endpoints include other postoperative complications, influences on pulmonary function, intraoperative data including blood loss, operative time, the number and location of lymph nodes dissected, and mortality in hospital, the length of hospital stay, total expenses in hospital, mortality within 30 days, survival rate after 2 years, postoperative pain, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Three hundred and twenty-four patients in each group will be needed and a total of 648 patients will finally be enrolled into the study.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Institutional Ethics Committees of all participating institutions. The findings of this trial will be disseminated to patients and through peer-reviewed publications and international presentations.Trial registration numberNCT02355249.
Simple Deterministic Algorithms for Fully Dynamic Maximal Matching
Authors: Neiman Ofer , Solomon Shay 
Published: November 2015

A maximal matching can be maintained in fully dynamic (supporting both addition and deletion of edges)
n
-vertex graphs using a trivial deterministic algorithm with a worst-case update time of
O
(
n
). No deterministic algorithm that outperforms the naïve
O
(
n
) one was reported up to this date. The only progress in this direction is due to Ivković and Lloyd, who in 1993 devised a deterministic algorithm with an
amortized
update time of
O
((
n
+
m
)
√2/2
), where
m
is the number of edges.

In this article, we show the first deterministic fully dynamic algorithm that outperforms the trivial one. Specifically, we provide a deterministic worst-case update time of
O
(√
m
). Moreover, our algorithm maintains a matching, which in fact is a 3/2-approximate maximum cardinality matching (MCM). We remark that no fully dynamic algorithm for maintaining (2 − ϵ)-approximate MCM improving upon the naïve
O
(
n
) was known prior to this work, even allowing amortized time bounds and randomization.

For low arboricity graphs (e.g., planar graphs and graphs excluding fixed minors), we devise another simple deterministic algorithm with sublogarithmic update time. Specifically, it maintains a fully dynamic maximal matching with amortized update time of
O
(log
n
/log log
n
). This result addresses an open question of Onak and Rubinfeld [2010].

We also show a deterministic algorithm with optimal space usage, which for arbitrary graphs maintains a maximal matching in amortized
O
(√
m
) time and uses only
O
(
n
+
m
) space.
Democratic Government and Development: A Survey
Authors: Fortunato Piergiuseppe 
Published: November 2015

Recent decades have witnessed an unprecedented expansion of democracy. During the third wave of democratization, as described by Samuel Huntington, democracy spread well beyond its historical boundaries and it is now adopted in all major regions of the world. Yet, not all democracies are equally effectual in delivering good governance and progrowth policies. Why do democratic institutions induce good governance and prosperity only in some economies? This paper presents an overview of the dimensions along which successful and unsuccessful democracies differ. It argues that four socioeconomic variables are of critical importance to create and maintain a well-functioning democracy: (i) social capital, (ii) information, (iii) education, and (iv) equality. History also plays an important role as do the contingencies characterizing the collapse of authoritarian regimes and the emergence of democratic institutions.
Spirotetramat causes an arrest of nematode juvenile development
Authors: Vang Leah E. , Opperman Charles H. , Schwarz Michael R. , Davis Eric L. 
Published: November 2015

Spirotetramat (Movento™, Bayer CropScience) (SPT), an effective insecticide, has also demonstrated potential activity as a nematicide. No significant effects on hatching rates ofCaenorhabditis elegans,Meloidogyne incognitaorHeterodera glycineswere observed when eggs were soaked in a maximum concentration of 105 ppm of technical grade spirotetramat-enol (SPT-enol), the active form in plants. Synchronised first-stage juveniles ofC. eleganssoaked in SPT-enol concentrations as low as 30 ppm demonstrated arrested juvenile development with calculated EC95of 44-48 ppm. Single applications of formulated SPT (Movento 240SC) were applied to plant foliage at the labelled insecticidal rate of 87.6 g a.s. ha−1at 1-week intervals on soybean plants inoculated withH. glycinesor tomato plants inoculated withM. incognitain glasshouse tests. SPT consistently inhibited nematode development to reproductive maturity when applied at 1-2 weeks after inoculation. Optimal SPT application timings coincide with early stages of root infection, when nematodes are still in vulnerable juvenile stages.
Reminiscence triggers in community-dwelling older adults in Japan
Authors: Hanaoka Hideaki , Muraki Toshiaki , Ede Jacqueline , Yamane Shingo , Okamuara Hitoshi 
Published: November 2015

Introduction Visual and auditory cues have been highlighted as methods to trigger reminiscences; however, the basis of this practice remains unclear. Here we conducted a preliminary cross-sectional study to identify reminiscence cues and their scientific basis by investigating the relationship between reminiscences in elderly people and their reminiscence cues. Method The participants were 126 older adults aged 65 years or over. They were asked about the experiences of reminiscences in response to stimuli such as photographs, music, or smells. Data on the frequency and quality of reminiscences were collected. Geriatric depression scale and simple personality test for the elderly were assessed. Results A multiple regression analysis revealed that reminiscences tended to be more frequent in older and less sociable participants. Highly sociable participants with reminiscences in response to olfactory stimuli tended to have positive reminiscences, while participants with less sociability and past unresolved issues tended to have negative reminiscences. Conclusion To understand the process of reminiscence in an older person, it is important to consider the person’s age, personality characteristics, and past unresolved issues. In addition, olfactory stimuli may also evoke pleasant reminiscences.
Radiographic Morphologic Characteristics of Bunionette Deformity
Authors: Shimobayashi Mikio , Tanaka Yasuhito , Taniguchi Akira , Kurokawa Hiroaki , Tomiwa Kiyonori , Higashiyama Ichiro 
Published: November 2015

Background: Bunionette deformity is characterized as head hypertrophy, lateral bowing, or splaying of the fifth metatarsal, or a combination of these deformities. Most previous studies have focused on the fourth and fifth metatarsals; few have analyzed the radiographic morphologic characteristics of the entire foot. The morphologic characteristics of the entire foot in cases of symptomatic bunionette deformity were analyzed with a radiographic image-mapping system. Methods: The system was used for the morphologic analysis of 112 feet with symptomatic deformity and 123 asymptomatic control feet. The mapping system includes 2-dimensional coordinates. We compared morphologies of both groups on the basis of simple models prepared from x and y coordinates of each reference point, calculated by using the mapping system and various angle measurements. We set cutoff values and categorized cases according to Fallat’s system. We evaluated the characteristics of each type and a new deformity type (type V) wherein no measurement exceeded the cutoff values. Results: The heads of the third, fourth, and fifth metatarsals were more laterally displaced, and the angles between the metatarsal axes were larger in the deformity group. Comparison of deformity types showed that the morphology of the fifth metatarsal might be only one cause of deformity. The intermetatarsal angles between the second and third metatarsals and between the third and fourth metatarsals were larger in deformity type II and type V feet than in control feet. Additionally, the intermetatarsal angles between the third and fourth metatarsals and between the fourth and fifth metatarsals were larger in deformity type III and type IV feet than in control feet. Conclusion: We believe it is necessary to not only focus on the fourth and fifth metatarsals, but also assess the morphologic characteristics of the entire foot in patients with a bunionette, including splaying of all the metatarsals and the forefoot width, when planning surgery. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Nature Contacts
Authors: Trau Deborah , Keenan Kimberly A. , Goforth Meggan , Large Vernon 
Published: November 2015

Objective: This study was designed to ascertain the amount of outdoor, indoor, and indirect nature contact exposures hospital employees have in a workweek. Background: Hospital employees have been found particularly vulnerable to work-related stress. Increasing the nature contact exposure for hospital employees can reduce perceived stress; stress-related health behaviors; and stress-related health outcomes from outdoor, indoor, and indirect exposures to nature. Methods: Staff on the fourth floor postsurgical unit of a large hospital ( N = 42) were ask to participate in an employee questionnaire “nature contact questionnaire”. This 16-item nature environment questionnaire measures the amount and types of nature contact exposures employees have during a workweek. Results: Majority of employees reported few, if any, nature contact exposures, specifically in the area of outdoor nature contacts with limited indoor and indirect contacts. These results indicated that employees on the fourth floor postsurgical floor have limited ability to reduce stress through nature contact exposures which could impact their perceived levels of work stress and stress-related behaviors and health outcomes. Conclusions: Nature contact exposures are both a relatively easy and an inexpensive way to improve employee stress. These findings indicate limitations to employees’ exposure to nature contacts. Healthcare environments would benefit from a concerted effort to provide increased outdoor, indoor, and indirect nature contact exposures for employees.
Automated segmentation of the canine corpus callosum for the measurement of diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Peterson David E , Chen Steven D , Calabrese Evan , White Leonard E , Provenzale James M 
Published: November 2015

The goal of this study was to apply image registration-based automated segmentation methods to measure diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics within the canine brain. Specifically, we hypothesized that this method could measure DTI metrics within the canine brain with greater reproducibility than with hand-drawn region of interest (ROI) methods. We performed high-resolution post-mortem DTI imaging on two canine brains on a 7 T MR scanner. We designated the two brains as brain 1 and brain 2. We measured DTI metrics within the corpus callosum of brain 1 using a hand-drawn ROI method and an automated segmentation method in which ROIs from brain 2 were transformed into the space of brain 1. We repeated both methods in order to measure their reliability. Mean differences between the two sets of hand-drawn ROIs ranged from 4% to 10%. Mean differences between the hand-drawn ROIs and the automated ROIs were less than 3%. The mean differences between the first and second automated ROIs were all less than 0.25%. Our findings indicate that the image registration-based automated segmentation method was clearly the more reproducible method. These results provide the groundwork for using image registration-based automated segmentation methods to measure DTI metrics within the canine brain. Such methods will facilitate the study of white matter pathology in canine models of neurologic disease.
Reoperation for calcified aortic homograft after aortic root replacement
Authors: Gyoten Takayuki , Hirota Masanori , Yoshida Minoru , Kondo Taichi , Hoshino Joji , Isomura Tadashi 
Published: November 2015

Background: We report three cases undergoing reoperation with previous aortic homograft implantation due to structural valve deterioration. Case: For two cases with severe calcified aortic wall of the homograft and dehiscence of the aortic root, aortic root replacement was indicated. For the last case with less calcified aortic wall, aortic valve replacement was indicated via the aortotomy on the homograft, which required patch plasty for the defect of the stiff aortic wall. Conclusion: The distribution and extent of calcification of the aortic homograft would be the most important factor to determine operative procedures, contributing to successful outcomes.
How I treat relapsed classical Hodgkin lymphoma after autologous stem cell transplant
Authors: Alinari Lapo , Blum Kristie A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDespite the success of standard front-line chemotherapy for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), a subset of these patients, particularly those with poor prognostic factors at diagnosis (including the presence of B symptoms, bulky disease, advanced stage, or extranodal disease), relapse. For those patients who relapse following autologous stem cell transplant (SCT), multiple treatment options are available, including single-agent chemotherapy, combination chemotherapy strategies, radiotherapy, the immunoconjugate brentuximab, checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab, lenalidomide, everolimus, or observation in selected patients. In patients with an available donor, allogeneic SCT may also be considered. With numerous treatment options available, we advocate for a tailored therapeutic approach for patients with relapsed cHL guided by patient-specific characteristics including age, comorbidities, sites of disease (nodal or organ), previous chemosensitivity, and goals of treatment (long-term disease control vs allogeneic SCT).
Neurological outcomes in children dead on hospital arrival
Authors: Goto Yoshikazu , Funada Akira , Nakatsu-Goto Yumiko 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Obtaining favorable neurological outcomes is extremely difficult in children transported to a hospital without a prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, the crucial prehospital factors affecting outcomes in this cohort remain unclear. We aimed to determine the prehospital factors for survival with favorable neurological outcomes (Cerebral Performance Category 1 or 2 (CPC 1–2)) in children without a prehospital ROSC after OHCA.

Methods
Of 9093 OHCA children, 7332 children (age <18 years) without a prehospital ROSC after attempting resuscitation were eligible for enrollment. Data were obtained from a prospectively recorded Japanese national Utstein-style database from 2008 to 2012. The primary endpoint was 1-month CPC 1–2 after OHCA.

Results
The 1-month survival and 1-month CPC 1–2 rates were 6.92 % (n = 508) and 0.99 % (n = 73), respectively. The proportions of the following prehospital variables were significantly higher in the 1-month CPC 1–2 cohort than in the 1-month CPC 3–5 cohort: age (median, 3 years (interquartile range (IQR), 0–14) versus 1 year (IQR, 0–11), p <0.05), bystander-witnessed arrest (52/73 (71.2 %) versus 1830/7259 (25.2 %), p <0.001), initial ventricular fibrillation (VF)/pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) rhythm (28/73 (38.3 %) versus 241/7259 (3.3 %), p <0.001), presumed cardiac causes (42/73 (57.5 %) versus 2385/7259 (32.8 %), p <0.001), and actual shock delivery (25/73 (34.2 %) versus 314/7259 (4.3 %), p <0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that 2 prehospital factors were associated with 1-month CPC 1–2: initial non-asystole rhythm (VF/pulseless VT: adjusted odds ratio ( aOR), 16.0; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 8.05–32.0; pulseless electrical activity (PEA): aOR, 5.19; 95 % CI, 2.77–9.82) and bystander-witnessed arrest (aOR, 3.22; 95 % CI, 1.84–5.79). The rate of 1-month CPC 1–2 in witnessed-arrest children with an initial VF/pulseless VT was significantly higher than that in those with other initial cardiac rhythms (15.6 % versus 2.3 % for PEA and 1.2 % for asystole, p for trend <0.001).

Conclusions
The crucial prehospital factors for 1-month survival with favorable neurological outcomes after OHCA were initial non-asystole rhythm and bystander-witnessed arrest in children transported to hospitals without a prehospital ROSC.
Strong convergence theorems for asymptotically nonexpansive nonself-mappings with applications
Authors: Guo Weiping , Abdou Afrah AN , Khan Liaqat A , Cho Yeol Je 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this paper, first, we introduce the condition (BP) which is weaker than the completely continuous mapping in Banach spaces. Second, we consider a simple iteration and prove some strong convergence theorems of the proposed iteration for an asymptotically nonexpansive nonself-mapping with the condition (BP). Finally, we give two examples to illustrate the main result in this paper. Our results improve and extend the corresponding results given by some authors.
Basophils are dispensable for the recovery of gross locomotion after spinal cord hemisection injury
Authors: Geurts Nathalie , Vangansewinkel Tim , Lemmens Stefanie , Nelissen Sofie , Geboes Lies , Schwartz Christian , Voehringer David , Hendrix Sven 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Basophils are the smallest population of granulocytes found in the circulation. They have crucial and nonredundant roles in allergic disorders, in protection from parasite infections, in autoimmunity, and in the regulation of type 2 immunity. They share phenotypic and functional properties with mast cells, which exert substantial protective effects after traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, although they are considered one of the most proinflammatory cell types in the body. In contrast, the in vivo functions of basophils in central nervous system trauma are still obscure and not well studied. In this study, we show that by comparing spinal cord injury in wild type vs. basophil-deficient Mcpt8Cre transgenic mice, the locomotor recovery is not affected in mice depleted in basophils. In addition, no substantial differences were observed in the lesion size and in the astrocytic and macrophage/microglia reaction between both mouse strains. Hence, despite the multiple properties shared with mast cells, these data show, for the first time, to our knowledge, that basophils are dispensable for the functional recovery process after hemisection injury to the spinal cord in mice.