bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the interaction between the quasi‐2 day wave and tides on the ionosphere and thermosphere
Authors: Yue Jia , Wang Wenbin , Ruan Haibing , Chang Loren C. , Lei Jiuhou 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe quasi‐2 day wave (QTDW) can effectively interact with atmospheric tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. We study the effect of this QTDW‐tidal interaction on the ionosphere and thermosphere using the thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere electrodynamics general circulation model. This interaction reduces the amplitude of the migrating diurnal tide in the lower thermosphere by ~10 m/s in neutral winds and also generates sum and difference secondary waves in the lower thermosphere and E region ionosphere. As a result of the changed migrating diurnal tide and sum/difference secondary wave, vertical ion drift varies with local time at different longitudes by ~5 m/s. In addition, the changed migrating diurnal tide also modulates the thermospheric composition (O/N2). During a QTDW event, the ionosphere F2 region peak electron density (NmF2) is reduced due to the mixing effect of the QTDW dissipation; NmF2 also shows changes in local time variation due to the QTDW‐tidal interaction. The sum and difference secondary waves can cause additional oscillations in vertical ion drift and ionospheric electron densities. The QTDW‐tidal interaction is another mechanism by which the QTDW impacts the ionosphere and thermosphere, along with other mechanisms: QTDW modulation of the E region wind dynamo with a period of quasi‐2 days and QTDW dissipation induced mixing in the thermosphere.
Characterization of the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) ability to serve as an infrared satellite intercalibration reference
Authors: Tobin David , Holz Robert , Nagle Fred , Revercomb Henry 
Published: April 2016

AbstractClimate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) is a future mission employing an infrared spectrometer with unprecedented calibration accuracy and the ability to assess its calibration on‐orbit using a novel verification system. Utilizing this capability for satellite intercalibration is a primary objective of the mission. This paper presents a new infrared intercalibration methodology that minimizes the intercalibration uncertainties and provides uncertainty estimates resulting from the scene variability and instrument noise. Results of a simulation study to characterize realistic spatial and temporal matching differences for simultaneous nadir overpasses (SNOs) of CLARREO and existing hyperspectral sounders are presented. This study, along with experience with intercalibration of real data, finds that intercalibration uncertainties are minimized when the SNOs are not screened for sky conditions but instead weighted based on the observed scene variability. Intercalibration performance is investigated for a 90° polar orbit mission and for a Pathfinder mission on the International Space Station, for various potential CLARREO footprint sizes, and as a function of mission length, scene brightness temperature, and wavelength. The results are encouraging and suggest that biases between CLARREO and sounder observations can be determined with low uncertainty and with high time frequency during a CLARREO mission. For example, the simulations suggest that a CLARREO footprint of 50 to 100 km in diameter is optimal for intercalibration, and that the 3 sigma intercalibration uncertainty is less than 0.1 K for channels at infrared window wavelengths using 2 months of accumulated SNOs, and for more absorbing channels with less scene variability the uncertainties are less than 50 mK.
Creating Memories for False Autobiographical Events in Childhood: A Systematic Review
Authors: Brewin Chris R. , Andrews Bernice 
Published: April 2016

SummaryUsing a framework that distinguishes autobiographical belief, recollective experience, and confidence in memory, we review three major paradigms used to suggest false childhood events to adults: imagination inflation, false feedback and memory implantation. Imagination inflation and false feedback studies increase the belief that a suggested event occurred by a small amount such that events are still thought unlikely to have happened. In memory implantation studies, some recollective experience for the suggested events is induced on average in 47% of participants, but only in 15% are these experiences likely to be rated as full memories. We conclude that susceptibility to false memories of childhood events appears more limited than has been suggested. The data emphasise the complex judgements involved in distinguishing real from imaginary recollections and caution against accepting investigator‐based ratings as necessarily corresponding to participants' self‐reports. Recommendations are made for presenting the results of these studies in courtroom settings. © 2016 The Authors Applied Cognitive Psychology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Cognitive Biases in Visual Pilots' Weather‐Related Decision Making
Authors: Walmsley Stephen , Gilbey Andrew 
Published: April 2016

SummaryFlights into deteriorating weather conditions are a significant cause of fatalities in general aviation accidents. This study investigated whether three common cognitive heuristics (anchoring and adjustment, confirmation, outcome) could lead to cognitive biases that might adversely affect pilots' weather‐related decision making. Study 1 found that weather reports obtained before a flight affected how pilots interpreted weather cues during flights (anchoring and adjustment). Study 2 found no evidence that pilots favoured disconfirmatory evidence over confirmatory evidence when deciding which environmental cues were most useful in deciding whether to continue a flight (confirmation). Study 3 found that pilots interpreted the decisions of pilots who flew into deteriorating weather conditions more favourably when the outcome was positive than when it was negative (outcome). These findings suggest that use of these three cognitive heuristics may lead to pilots continuing to fly into deteriorating weather conditions when the safer option is to divert or turn back. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Periodic Fever, Aphthosis, Pharyngitis, and Adenitis Syndrome: Analysis of Patients From Two Geographic Areas
Authors: Batu Ezgi D. , Kara Eroğlu Fehime , Tsoukas Paul , Hausmann Jonathan S. , Bilginer Yelda , Kenna Margaret A. , Licameli Greg R. , Fuhlbrigge Robert C. , Özen Seza , Dedeoğlu Fatma 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivePeriodic fever, aphthosis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is a periodic fever syndrome of childhood with an unknown etiology. Our aim was to compare the features between PFAPA syndrome patients from Turkey and those from the US, and patients with and without MEFV variants, and to test the performance of the Eurofever criteria in excluding other autoinflammatory disorders.MethodsSeventy‐one children with PFAPA syndrome, followed in Hacettepe University, in Ankara, Turkey, and 60 patients at Boston Children's Hospital in the US were enrolled. MEFV gene‐variant analysis was performed in 56 patients with Sanger sequencing.ResultsIn patients from Turkey, symptom onset was at a younger age, fever attacks were of shorter duration, and pharyngitis was more frequent, whereas adenitis, headache, and nausea/vomiting were less frequent during attacks, when compared to patients from the US (P < 0.05). More patients from the Turkish cohort were classified in the familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) group according to the Eurofever criteria than patients from the US (66.2% versus 10%; P < 0.001). Two patients were diagnosed with FMF after MEFV analysis. Twenty‐one patients (37.5%) had a single MEFV variant. No significant differences in phenotype were found between patients with and without MEFV variants.ConclusionThe differences between patients from the Turkish and US cohorts may be due to epigenetic or environmental factors. In addition, the Eurofever FMF criteria may perform better in certain areas, if the weight of ethnic origin parameter or cutoff values were modified.
Reduced Aerobic Capacity and Quality of Life in Physically Inactive Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Mild or Inactive Disease
Authors: Pinto Ana J. , Miyake Cintia N. H. , Benatti Fabiana B. , Silva Clovis A. , Sallum Adriana M. E. , Borba Eduardo , de Sá‐Pinto Ana L. , Bonfá Eloisa , Gualano Bruno 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo compare aerobic capacity and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in physically inactive adult systemic lupus erythematosus (A‐SLE) and childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (C‐SLE) patients with mild/inactive disease versus healthy controls.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, 39 patients (C‐SLE: n = 18, ages 9–18 years; and A‐SLE: n = 21, ages 23–45 years) with inactive disease activity (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index ≤4) and low cumulative damage (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index ≤2) and 30 healthy controls (15 children and adolescents [C‐CTRL], 15 adults [A‐CTRL]) matched by physical inactivity, age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed for aerobic capacity and HRQOL.ResultsAll participants were considered physically inactive according to physical activity guidelines. C‐SLE and A‐SLE patients showed lower
(95% CI confidence interval [95% CI] −10.5, −1.2 and −11.1, −3.8, respectively) and higher time‐to‐exhaustion when compared with C‐CTRL and A‐CTRL (95% CI −2.8, 0.1 and −3.9, −1.7, respectively). C‐SLE patients showed significantly lower scores in scholar functioning from the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory questionnaire (P < 0.05) whereas A‐SLE patients showed lower scores in most domains of the Short Form 36 health survey questionnaire (physical function, role‐physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social function, and mental health) when compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05 for all).ConclusionOur study provides novel data suggesting that A‐SLE and C‐SLE patients with mild/inactive disease have impaired aerobic capacity and HRQOL when compared with controls matched by physical inactivity, age, sex, and BMI. These findings reinforce the recommendation of physical activity in SLE treatment.
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound of the Carotid Artery in Patients With Large Vessel Vasculitis: Correlation With Positron Emission Tomography Findings
Authors: Germanò Giuseppe , Macchioni Pierluigi , Possemato Niccolò , Boiardi Luigi , Nicolini Alberto , Casali Massimiliano , Versari Annibale , Pipitone Nicolò , Salvarani Carlo 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the findings of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of carotid arteries in patients with large vessel vasculitis (LVV) and to compare them with those observed using 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (18FDG‐PET).MethodsA total of 31 consecutive patients with LVV (14 with Takayasu arteritis, 17 with giant cell arteritis with large vessel involvement) underwent both PET/computed tomography and carotid artery color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) for a total of 35 combined assessments. Right carotid artery CEUS was performed after CDUS in all assessments. Kerr's criteria, a complete clinical examination, and acute phase reactants were simultaneously evaluated. The intensity of vascular uptake and vascularization of the carotid artery wall were compared.ResultsTen 18F‐FDG/PET scans showed active vascular 18F‐FDG uptake (visual grade ≥2) in the right carotid artery. CEUS demonstrated severe vascularization (grade 2) within the right carotid artery wall in 12 examinations. The carotid CEUS vascularization grade significantly correlated with vascular 18F‐FDG uptake (P < 0.001) and maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) in the right carotid artery/mean SUV in the superior vena cava (P = 0.001). When active vascular 18F‐FDG uptake (≥2) was considered the gold standard for defining vascular inflammation, carotid CEUS had a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 65–100) and a specificity of 92% (95% CI 72–99). The positive likelihood ratio was 12.5 (95% CI 3.3–47.2). Severe vascularization at CEUS and active vascular 18F‐FDG uptake were significantly more frequent in active disease according to Kerr's criteria compared to inactive (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively).ConclusionCarotid CEUS vascularization grade and the grade of vascular inflammation on 18F‐FDG‐PET were correlated in patients with LVV.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Detailed Studies on Plasticized Poly(ethyl methacrylate): NH4I Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Jibreel Umar M. , Bhattacharya B. , Singh Pramod K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPolymer electrolyte films of poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) with ethylene carbonate (EC) as a plasticizer and ammonium iodide (NH4I) as an ion‐donating salt have been prepared using the solution‐cast technique. The electrical characterization of the films was performed by impedance spectroscopy. The highest obtained ionic conductivity at room temperature was 1.16 × 10−5 S/cm with the composition of PEMA: NH4I (60:40) + 10% EC. The ionic transference number of the mobile ions estimated by the dc polarization method, and the H+ ionic transference number was found to be ∼0.85, which revealed that the conductivity species are predominantly ions. Likewise, the micrographs of the films were analyzed under an optical microscope. In addition, the charge carrier density (n) of the individual films was calculated on the basis of the dielectric constant study.
Metal‐Free Indeno[2,1‐b]thiophene‐Based Sensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Liang Chia‐Jung , Lin Yu‐Ju , Yen Yung‐Sheng , Lin Jiann T. , Yeh Ming‐Chang P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA series of indeno[2,1‐b]thiophene‐containing organic dyes (IDT1–IDT5) have been synthesized, and their UV/Vis spectra extend beyond 700 nm. These dyes were employed as sensitizers for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Among them, dyes IDT3–IDT5 with a thiophene unit conjugated with an anchor have better light harvesting ability and higher JSC values. Dye aggregation contributes substantially to the photocurrent in the near infrared region. The dye IDT5, with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) as the co‐adsorbent, has the highest power conversion efficiency (5.06 %) under AM 1.5G simulated sunlight irradiation, which is 68 % of the standard device based on N719 dye.
Rapid and Efficient Cascade Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4(3 H)‐quinazolinones over an In Situ‐Generated Heterogeneous CuCO3–K2CO3 Nanocomposite
Authors: Thakur Maheshwar S. , Nayal Onkar S. , Bhatt Vinod , Sharma Sushila , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA green, recyclable, in situ‐generated, heterogeneous CuCO3–K2CO3 nanocomposite‐catalysed cascade reaction between 2‐halobenzoic acids and guanidines is described for the synthesis of 2‐amino‐4(3H)‐quinazolinones. The reaction is rapid and proceeds efficiently in air without the addition of a ligand or additive. This protocol is equally applicable to amidines for the synthesis of 2‐alkyl‐ and 2‐phenyl‐4(3H)‐quinazolinones.
One for all and all for one: Linear regression from the mass of individual bones to assess human skeletal mass completeness
Authors: Gonçalves David , d'Oliveira Coelho João , Acosta Maria A. , Coelho Catarina , Curate Francisco , Ferreira Maria Teresa , Gouveia Márcia , Makhoul Calil , Pinto Débora , Oliveira‐Santos Inês , Vassalo Ana R. , Navega David , Cunha Eugénia 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesComplete and accurate human skeletal inventory is seldom possible in archaeological and forensic cases involving severe fragmentation. In such cases, skeletal mass comparisons with published references may be used as an alternative to assess skeletal completeness but they are too general for a case‐by‐case routine analysis. The objective is to solve this issue by creating linear regression equations to estimate the total mass of a skeleton based on the mass of individual bones.Materials and MethodsTotal adult skeletal mass and individual mass of the clavicle, humerus, femur, patella, carpal, metacarpal, tarsal, and metatarsal bones were recorded in a sample of 60 skeletons from the 21st century identified skeletal collection (University of Coimbra). The sample included 32 females and 28 males with ages ranging from 31 to 96 years (mean = 76.4; sd = 14.8). Skeletal mass linear regression equations were calculated based on this sample.ResultsThe mass of individual bones was successfully used to predict the approximate total mass of the adult skeleton. The femur, humerus, and second metacarpal were the best predictors of total skeletal mass with root mean squared errors ranging from 292.9 to 346.1 g.DiscussionLinear regression was relatively successful at estimating adult skeletal mass. The non‐normal distribution of the sample in terms of mass may have reduced the predictive power of the equations. These results have clear impact for bioanthropology, especially forensic anthropology, since this method may provide better estimates of the completeness of the skeleton or the minimum number of individuals. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:427–432, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Incisor ablation among the late upper paleolithic people of Tam Hang (Northern Laos): Social identity, mortuary practice, and oral health
Authors: Willman John C. , Shackelford Laura , Demeter Fabrice 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesA detailed assessment of intentional incisor ablation among the Late Upper Paleolithic people of Tam Hang (northern Laos) was undertaken to understand how this cultural practice, in addition to age and sex, influenced an individual's inclusion in the mortuary context. The covariation of ablation status with occlusal variation and anterior dental pathology was addressed to study the implications of this cultural practice on oral health.Materials and MethodsSex, age, caries, antemortem tooth loss, and occlusal variation were assessed through standard osteological methods for 12 individuals. An observational protocol to identify intentional ablation was developed specifically for this sample.ResultsFour ablation states were identified that range from no ablation to the removal of two, three, or four lateral (I2) incisors. The timing of ablation was attributed to ritual extractions during early adolescence. Adult age‐at‐death was the strongest indicator of inclusion in the main burial context and a child burial was isolated from those of adults. Ablation status does not strongly influence inclusion in the mortuary context. Individuals lacking ablation tended to have a higher incidence of anterior caries, pathological tooth loss, incisor crowding, and canine rotation.ConclusionsThis study identifies the oldest case of intentional incisor ablation in Late Pleistocene Mainland Southeast Asia. We conclude that ablation does not always “compromise” the dentition; instead, it may have unintentional oral health benefits in some contexts. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:519–528, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Monitoring Backbone Hydrogen‐Bond Formation in β‐Barrel Membrane Protein Folding
Authors: Raschle Thomas , Rios Flores Perla , Opitz Christian , Müller Daniel J. , Hiller Sebastian 
Published: April 2016

Abstractβ‐barrel membrane proteins are key components of the outer membrane of bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Their three‐dimensional structure is defined by a network of backbone hydrogen bonds between adjacent β‐strands. Here, we employ hydrogen–deuterium (H/D) exchange in combination with NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to monitor backbone hydrogen bond formation during folding of the outer membrane protein X (OmpX) from E. coli in detergent micelles. Residue‐specific kinetics of interstrand hydrogen‐bond formation were found to be uniform in the entire β‐barrel and synchronized to formation of the tertiary structure. OmpX folding thus propagates via a long‐lived conformational ensemble state in which all backbone amide protons exchange with the solvent and engage in hydrogen bonds only transiently. Stable formation of the entire OmpX hydrogen bond network occurs downhill of the rate‐limiting transition state and thus appears cooperative on the overall folding time scale.
Grafting of Secondary Diolamides onto [P2W15V3O62]9− Generates Hybrid Heteropoly Acids
Authors: Lachkar David , Vilona Debora , Dumont Elise , Lelli Moreno , Lacôte Emmanuel 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Dawson tungstovanadate [P2W15V3O62]9− can be grafted to secondary diolamides. The electron‐withdrawing character of the polyanion increases the acidity of the amide proton, leading to an organo‐polyoxometalate, which can be used as a Brønsted organocatalyst. High‐field NMR and DFT modeling indicate that the amide proton stays on the nitrogen and that the exalted acidity derives from the interaction between the organic and inorganic parts of the organo‐polyoxometalate. The amide‐inserted vanadotungstates thus form a new family of (hybrid) heteropolyacids, offering new perspectives for the application of POM‐based catalysis in organic synthesis.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydroindolizines through the Catalytic Formation of Pyridinium Ylides from Diazo Compounds
Authors: Day Jonathan , McKeever‐Abbas Ben , Dowden James 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCommercially available iron(III) and copper(I) complexes catalyzed multicomponent cycloaddition reactions between diazo compounds, pyridines, and electrophilic alkenes to give alkaloid‐inspired tetrahydroindolizidines in high yield with high diastereoselectivity. Hitherto, the catalytic formation of versatile pyridinium ylides from metal carbenes has been poorly developed; the broad utility demonstrated herein sets the stage for the invention of further multicomponent reactions in future.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of Homo‐ and Hetero‐1,2,4‐Triaryl Benzenes by an Unexpected Base‐Promoted Dearylative Pathway
Authors: Rehan Mohammad , Maity Sanjay , Morya Lalit Kumar , Pal Kaushik , Ghorai Prasanta 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAn unprecedented approach for the synthesis of homo‐ and hetero‐1,2,4‐triaryl benzenes has been developed using a simple base‐mediated reaction of either α‐aryl cinnamyl alcohols or α,γ‐di‐aryl propanones. The salient feature of this strategy involves the sequential hydride transfer, regiospecific condensation, regiospecific dearylation, and aromatization under metal‐free reaction conditions. The synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted triphenylenes by oxidative coupling of the synthesized 1,2,4‐triaryl benzenes has also been demonstrated.
Paper‐Based Electrical Respiration Sensor
Authors: Güder Firat , Ainla Alar , Redston Julia , Mosadegh Bobak , Glavan Ana , Martin T. J. , Whitesides George M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCurrent methods of monitoring breathing require cumbersome, inconvenient, and often expensive devices; this requirement sets practical limitations on the frequency and duration of measurements. This article describes a paper‐based moisture sensor that uses the hygroscopic character of paper (i.e. the ability of paper to adsorb water reversibly from the surrounding environment) to measure patterns and rate of respiration by converting the changes in humidity caused by cycles of inhalation and exhalation to electrical signals. The changing level of humidity that occurs in a cycle causes a corresponding change in the ionic conductivity of the sensor, which can be measured electrically. By combining the paper sensor with conventional electronics, data concerning respiration can be transmitted to a nearby smartphone or tablet computer for post‐processing, and subsequently to a cloud server. This means of sensing provides a new, practical method of recording and analyzing patterns of breathing.