bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Method for the Optimal Design of Split Ring Dampers for Aviation Gears
Authors: Ye Hang , Wang Yanrong , Jiang Xianghua 
Published: November 2017

In order to reduce the resonance of aviation bevel gears, designing frictional interfaces for gear systems is an important approach through dissipate vibration energy. One emerging technology uses ring dampers, which are ring-like substructures constrained to move inside a groove at the rim of the gear. Ring dampers are in contact with the rim of the gear due to centrifugal force, and they create nonlinear dissipation by relative motion between the ring and the gear.
The analysis of the dynamic response of nonlinear structures is commonly done by numerical integration of the equations of motion, which is computationally inefficient, especially for steady-state responses.
In this paper an efficient methodology to predict the effect of the ring damper based on energy method, predicting the dissipated energy by friction force, converting into equivalent damping and to identify the main design parameters affecting the damper performance is proposed. The approach is based on expressing the vibration energy dissipated by nonlinear forces per vibration cycle as equivalent nonlinear damping ratio. This method avoids computing the forced response of the gear with ring damper in the frequency domain, that can increase the efficiency of the ring damper design.
The methodology is applied to an aviation bevel gear. The effect of the principal design parameters of the ring damper is identified.
Numerical and Experimental Study of Radial Impact Test of an Aluminum Wheel: Towards Industry 4.0 Virtual Process Assessment
Authors: Ballo F. , Frizzi R. , Gobbi M. , Mastinu G. , Previati G. , Sorlini C. 
Published: November 2017

The paper deals with a numerical and experimental study of the radial impact test of an automotive aluminum wheel. The final aim is the confident virtual execution of the test in view of a pervasive digitalization of the aluminum wheel production process.
A finite element based model is developed. The model includes tire, wheel, striker and supporting structure. The actual structure of the tire is modeled. Tire damping is included through a Rayleigh model. The Rayleigh’s parameters are experimentally identified. The wheel material inhomogeneity is taken into account by assigning different stress/strain curves to wheel rim and spokes. The material curves have been experimentally measured considering specimens extracted from three different regions of actual wheels. The dynamic impact test is simulated by means of a nonlinear explicit solver.
Experimental tests on an impact test bench have been realized to validate the developed model. Accelerations during the impact test are measured on the striker. The impact force at the striker is measured by two load cells. The deformation of the wheel is measured by strain gauges located at the most critical areas of the wheel rim and spokes.
A good agreement between measured and simulated quantities is obtained. An accurate model of the impact test is now available including a digital representation of the qualification process of aluminum wheels.
A Semi-Analytical Tyre Model for the Study of Tyre/Rim Interaction on a Road Vehicle
Authors: Ballo Federico , Previati Giorgio , Gobbi Massimiliano , Mastinu Gianpiero 
Published: November 2017

The paper is devoted to the study of a simplified model for passenger car tyres. The simplified model is mainly focused on the computation of the forces acting at the tyre/rim interface. A simple and reliable model able to predict such forces can be a valuable tool for wheels manufacturers, whose concerns are focused on the lightweight design of the wheel.
The simplified model is based on a semi-analytical approach to model the tyre. The model, given a limited set of input parameters, computes the reaction forces acting at the tyre/rim interface under a vertical load. The input parameters can be identified by simple experimental tests on the tyre under consideration.
Reaction forces obtained from the semi-analytical model are then compared against a more detailed finite-element model of the tyre.
Predicting Damping of a Cantilever Beam With a Bolted Joint Using Quasi-Static Modal Analysis
Authors: Jewell Emily A. , Allen Matthew S. , Lacayo Robert 
Published: November 2017

Bolted joints are common in assembled structures and are a large contributor to the damping in these assemblies. The joints can cause the structure to behave nonlinearly, and introduce uncertainty because the effective stiffness and damping at the joint are typically unknown. Consequently, improved modeling methods are desired that will address the nonlinearity of the jointed structured while also providing reasonable predictions of the effective stiffness and damping of the joint as a function of loading.
A method proposed by Festjens, Chevallier and Dion addresses this by using a sort of nonlinear modal analysis based on the response of the structure to quasi-static loading. This was further developed by Allen and Lacayo and thoroughly demonstrated for structures with discrete Iwan joints. This work explores the efficacy of quasi-static modal analysis for 2D and 3D finite element models in which the geometry, contact pressure and friction in the joint are modeled in detail. The mesh density, contact laws, and other solver settings are explored to understand what is needed to obtain convergence for this type of problem. For the 2D case study, the effect of bolt preload and coefficient of friction are explored and shown to produce reasonable trends. Three dimensional models prove far more challenging and significant effort was required to obtain convergence and then to obtain results that are physically realistic; these efforts are reported as well as the lessons learned.
Gear Tooth Bending Fatigue Life Prediction Using Integrated Computational Material Engineering
Authors: Oja Michael E. , Wink Carlos H. , Deo Nikhil , McDaniels Robert L. , Tryon Robert G. , Dey Animesh , Kulkarni Sanjeev M. 
Published: November 2017

The paper presents a computational method to predict the cyclic life of gears subjected to single tooth bending fatigue, using VEXTEC’s VPS-MICRO® software. The project was a collaborative effort between Eaton - Vehicle Group and VEXTEC Corporation to replicate physical testing virtually, more specifically to virtually determine bending fatigue curves of gears made from different steels.
VPS-MICRO is based on VEXTEC’s patented Virtual Life Management® (VLM®) technology which includes computational microstructural damage models to simulate the fatigue performance and calculate the lifetime of various product configurations. The framework probabilistically estimates the fatigue behavior of a range of Eaton gears and other products.
Micro Power Multiplexer, a Compact Device That Controls Mechanical Power Flow
Authors: Zhang Xiaoguang , Hong Dennis W. 
Published: November 2017

A novel device that we have named Micro Power Multiplexer was developed. The goal of this work was to create a device that can split one power input to several outputs with controllable distribution while providing high modularity, robustness, and compactness. This device is capable to greatly reduce the size, weight, and complexity of a mechanical system requiring complicated distribution of mechanical power.
To reduce friction and provide robustness, a device with “mechanical intelligence” named Non-Contact Flexure was designed. Non-Contact Flexure and a clutching mechanism for this device was theoretically modeled and are discussed in this paper. A zero-load prototype was built to test the design. The effect of main shaft and shift speed was studied during dynamic shifting experiments. Shifting with zero main shaft speed was also tested. The device was proven to be stable and robust. This paper further discusses in detail the various test results obtained.
Lifecycle Tools As a Support for the Eco-Design Innovation of Domestic Appliances
Authors: Papetti Alessandra , Germani Michele , Marconi Marco , Favi Claudio 
Published: November 2017

The goal of sustainable development through the product innovation is a global challenge that Academia and Industries are addressing. The regulatory pressure and the growing demand of eco-friendly products by consumers are two of its main drivers, especially in the household appliances sector. For this aim, manufactures need to change the design approach in order to extend the boundaries of the benchmark analysis of possible innovations: (i) multi-objective criteria should be taken into account such as the environmental issues, costs, technical performances, etc., and (ii) a life cycle thinking has to be adopted to consider long terms benefits or impacts.
However, the literature highlights the lack of structured methods able to support the R&D activity according to these perspectives. For this aim, the present paper provides a systematic approach, which exploits lifecycle and innovation tools to effectively support designers in the development of sustainable solutions in a long term perspective. The proposed approach has been applied in real case study to increase the energy efficiency of a domestic refrigerator. In particular, the insulation module has been redesigned by comparing several alternatives in terms of environmental performances and costs over the product lifespan to effectively evaluate the consistency of the developed eco-innovations.
The Social Impact of STEM, Experienced: Studies With an Engineering Design Concept for Smart Devices
Authors: Nietner Larissa F. , Wallace David R. 
Published: November 2017

The government has been allocating multi-billion Dollar budgets to STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) education. Several programs aim to educate girls about STEM and STEAM (STEM and arts). It’s a national goal to create equal opportunities for all genders and increase diversity in STEM fields.
We propose that the emerging values and social needs of middle school girls must be considered when creating learning experiences for them, and that appropriate design experiences can make engineering problems engaging and relatable. It has been shown that purposefulness is a critical factor for making engineering attractive to girls. Compared to boys, girls initially perceive engineering to be less socially impactful, yet girls place a higher value on social impact at an earlier age.
This paper provides a broad review of relevant literature. It is proposed that creative, innovative engineering activities with perceived social impact may motivate middle and high school girls and build their confidence in the ability to impact people’s lives with technology they create. This work tests this hypothesis using different forms of a design activity that enables students to collaboratively build personal and wearable smart devices. Examples of creations based upon this design toolkit include medical bracelets, physical activity monitoring, and other devices.
The paper outlines the development of the toolkit and design activity through various stages of abstraction, and provides novel ways of prototyping design experiences. Three stages of development are implemented and tested with adolescent girls, offering new working methods for the human-centered, iterative process of designing such a toolkit. The first stage of toolkit prototypes consists of sketch models with a physical and digital component; focus groups were used to gain in-depth qualitative data. The second stage of toolkit prototypes consists of cardboard prototypes that allow for interaction mimicking the final design experience. It was used to gather data on design interests of different gender and age groups. The third stage of toolkit prototypes, consisting of computing devices with a simple interface, allowed for conducting experimental workshops to quantitatively investigate participants’ self-efficacy and design and engineering interest both before and after the intervention.
A fundamental change in many girls’ mindset was observed in multiple experiments. Findings about requirements for design activities with similar goals are summarized and supported though responses of female middle-school students, who participated in the presented studies.
Evaluation of the optic nerve and scleral-choroidal-retinal layer with ultrasound elastography in glaucoma and physiological optic nerve head cupping
Authors: Özen Özkan , Özer Murat Atabey , Tosun Alptekin , Özen Serkan 
Published: November 2017

Aim: To evaluate the strain ratio of the optic nerve and retina-choroid-sclera (RCS) layers in individuals with physiological optic disc cupping (PC) and glaucoma patients using strain elastography.Material and methods: We evaluated 56 eyes of 56 subjects (20 eyes with glaucoma, 19 eyes with PC, and 17 normal eyes). The strain ratio of orbital fat to optic nerve (SROFON) was calculated as the ratio of the optic nerve to intraconal fat tissue and the strain ratio of orbital fat to retina-choroid-sclera (SROFRCS) was calculated as the ratio of RCS layers to intraconal fat tissue.Results: SROFON was 0.92 in the control group, 1.07 in the PC group and 1.6 in the glaucoma group and a statistically significant difference was present between the three groups (p<0.05). SROFRCS had no statistically significant difference between the three groups.Conclusions: SROFON values could contribute to the differentiation of the patients with glaucoma and PC.
Motion effects on the measurement of stiffness on ultrasound shear wave elastography: a moving liver fibrosis phantom study
Authors: Shin Hyun Joo , Kim Myung-Joon , Yoon Choon-Sik , Lee Kwanseop , Lee Kwan Sik , Park Jong-Chul , Lee Mi-Jung , Yoon Haesung 
Published: November 2017

Aims: To evaluate the differences between shear wave velocities (SWVs) measured with ultrasound elastography during the continuous motion using liver fibrosis phantoms.Materials and methods: Elasticities were measured with convex and linear transducers of supersonic shear wave imaging (SSI) and acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) using liver elasticity phantoms (3.0 and 16.9 kPa) at depths of 2, 3, 4, and 5 cm. Motion velocities were 30 and 60 rpm with the phantoms in an upright position on the Orbital shaker. To simulate different directional motion, the phantoms were laid on their side on the shaker. The values between moving and static status were compared, and the number of measurement failure was counted. Results: In SSI, the convex transducer was less affected by motion at 30 rpm with the 3 kPa phantom. In the higher velocity motion and in the higher stiffness phantom, most values from SSI were different comparing with static status, and there was a tendency for elasticity values to increase during movement. In ARFI, there were frequent measurement failures without stable results during the motion.Conclusions: Motion affected the measurement of elasticity differently in SSI and ARFI, according to the velocity, direction of the motion, and phantom stiffness. The convex transducer of SSI was less affected by motion in lower velocity motion and when using normal liver stiffness phantom.
Detection and characterization of small superficially located focal liver lesions by contrast-enhanced ultrasound with high frequency transducers
Authors: Wang Wen-Ping , Dong Yi , Cao Jiaying , Mao Feng , Xu Yadan , Si Qin , Dietrich Christoph F. 
Published: November 2017

Aim: To evaluate the benefits of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with high frequency transducers in the detection and characterization of small superficially located focal liver lesions (FLLs).Material and methods: From January 2015 to October 2016, 27 superficial FLLs detected by MRI were examined, first with the low frequency convex transducer (1-5 MHz) and afterwards with a high frequency transducer (7.5-12 MHz). High frequency dynamic CEUS was performed after a bolus injection of 2.4 ml SonoVue®. FLLs were confirmed by histopathology after surgery (n=18) or ultrasound guided 18-gauge core-needle biopsy (n=8), or by MRI follow-up (n =1).Results: The mean diameter of FLLs was 10.5±3.1 mm, and meandepth was 6.2±5.3 mm. While using a high frequency transducerthe detection rate of FLLs (100%, 27/27) was significantly higher than low frequency transducer (25.9%, 7/27) (p<0.05). The overall sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were significantly improved by CEUS with a high frequency transducer (sensitivity 88.9%; specificity 92.6%; accuracy 96.2%).Conclusion: Combining CEUS with the performance of high-frequency transducers is a promising technique to improve the detection and accurate diagnosis of small and superficial FLLs appearing indistinctive on BMUS.
Stable Core Gut Microbiota across the Freshwater-to-Saltwater Transition for Farmed Atlantic Salmon
Authors: Rudi Knut , Angell Inga Leena , Pope Phillip B. , Vik Jon Olav , Sandve Simen Rød , Snipen Lars-Gustav 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTGut microbiota associations through habitat transitions are fundamentally important yet poorly understood. One such habitat transition is the migration from freshwater to saltwater for anadromous fish, such as salmon. The aim of the current work was therefore to determine the freshwater-to-saltwater transition impact on the gut microbiota in farmed Atlantic salmon, with dietary interventions resembling freshwater and saltwater diets with respect to fatty acid composition. Using deep 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR, we found that the freshwater-to-saltwater transition had a major association with the microbiota composition and quantity, while diet did not show significant associations with the microbiota. In saltwater there was a 100-fold increase in bacterial quantity, with a relative increase ofFirmicutesand a relative decrease of bothActinobacteriaandProteobacteria. Irrespective of an overall shift in microbiota composition from freshwater to saltwater, we identified three core clostridia and oneLactobacillus-affiliated phylotype with wide geographic distribution that were highly prevalent and co-occurring. Taken together, our results support the importance of the dominating bacteria in the salmon gut, with the freshwater microbiota being immature. Due to the low number of potentially host-associated bacterial species in the salmon gut, we believe that farmed salmon can represent an important model for future understanding of host-bacterium interactions in aquatic environments.IMPORTANCELittle is known about factors affecting the interindividual distribution of gut bacteria in aquatic environments. We have shown that there is a core of four highly prevalent and co-occurring bacteria irrespective of feed and freshwater-to-saltwater transition. The potential host interactions of the core bacteria, however, need to be elucidated further.
Microbially Mediated Coupling of Fe and N Cycles by Nitrate-Reducing Fe(II)-Oxidizing Bacteria in Littoral Freshwater Sediments
Authors: Schaedler Franziska , Lockwood Cindy , Lueder Ulf , Glombitza Clemens , Kappler Andreas , Schmidt Caroline 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Nitrate-reducing iron(II)-oxidizing bacteria have been known for approximately 20 years. There has been much debate as to what extent the reduction of nitrate and the oxidation of ferrous iron are coupled via enzymatic pathways or via abiotic processes induced by nitrite formed by heterotrophic denitrification. The aim of the present study was to assess the coupling of nitrate reduction and iron(II) oxidation by monitoring changes in substrate concentrations, as well as in the activity of nitrate-reducing bacteria in natural littoral freshwater sediment, in response to stimulation with nitrate and iron(II). In substrate-amended microcosms, we found that the biotic oxidation of ferrous iron depended on the simultaneous microbial reduction of nitrate. Additionally, the abiotic oxidation of ferrous iron by nitrite in sterilized sediment was not fast enough to explain the iron oxidation rates observed in microbially active sediment. Furthermore, the expression levels of genes coding for enzymes crucial for nitrate reduction were in some setups stimulated by the presence of ferrous iron. These results indicate that there is a direct influence of ferrous iron on bacterial denitrification and support the hypothesis that microbial nitrate reduction is stimulated by biotic iron(II) oxidation.

IMPORTANCE
The coupling of nitrate reduction and Fe(II) oxidation affects the environment at a local scale, e.g., by changing nutrient or heavy metal mobility in soils due to the formation of Fe(III) minerals, as well as at a global scale, e.g., by the formation of the primary greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. Although the coupling of nitrate reduction and Fe(II) oxidation was reported 20 years ago and has been studied intensively since then, the underlying mechanisms still remain unknown. One of the main knowledge gaps is the extent of enzymatic Fe(II) oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction, which has frequently been questioned in the literature. In the present study, we provide evidence for microbially mediated nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidation in freshwater sediments. This evidence is based on the rates of nitrate reduction and Fe(II) oxidation determined in microcosm incubations and on the effect of iron on the expression of genes required for denitrification.
Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of
Aethina tumida
(Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), a Beekeeping Pest
Authors: Duquesne Véronique , Delcont Aurélie , Huleux Anthéa , Beven Véronique , Touzain Fabrice , Ribière-Chabert Magali 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the full mitochondrial genome sequence of
Aethina tumida
, a Nitidulidae species beetle, that is a pest of bee hives. The obtained sequence is 16,576 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNAs.
Genome Sequences of 34 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Swine and Other Sources
Authors: Baranzoni Gian Marco , Fratamico Pina M. , Kim Gwang-Hee , Reichenberger Erin R. , Funk Julie A. , Manning Shannon D. , Bosilevac Joseph M. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) bacteria are foodborne pathogens that can be carried by various animals. The swine STEC population is partially composed of host-specific strains that are often not well characterized. In this work, the genome sequences of a number of swine STEC strains are presented.
Draft Genome Sequence of the First Confirmed Isolate of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tasmania
Authors: Gautam Sanjay S. , Mac Aogáin Micheál , O’Toole Ronan F. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

The spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) has become a major global challenge. In 2016, Tasmania recorded its first known incidence of MDR-TB. Here, we report the draft whole-genome sequence of the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
isolate from this case, TASMDR1, and describe single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with its drug resistance.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Lactobacillus casei Strains Isolated from Cheddar Cheese and a Fermented Milk Drink
Authors: Nahar Akhikun , Baker Anthony L. , Bowman John P. , Britz Margaret L. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

MiSeq Illumina shotgun sequencing technology was used to sequence two
Lactobacillus casei
strains, designated strains GCRL 163 and MJA 12. The estimated genome sizes for GCRL 163 and MJA 12 were 2.9 Mb and 3.1 Mb, with 46.35% and 46.31% GC contents, respectively.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Mexican Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Strain
Authors: Magaña-Lizárraga José Antonio , Hernández-Peinado Jessica Victoria , Ahumada-Santos Yesmi Patricia , Parra-Unda Jesús Ricardo , Uribe-Beltrán Magdalena de J. , Gómez-Gil Bruno , Báez-Flores María Elena 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the first draft genome sequence of a Mexican communitarian methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus epidermidis
(MRSE) strain whose genome harbors a wide variety of resistance determinants. The availability of this genome will allow the study of antibiotic resistance in Mexican staphylococci from a genomic perspective.