bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of stakeholders leading to development of higher education services
Authors: Labanauskis Rimvydas , Ginevičius Romualdas 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this article, a higher education institution (HEI) is analysed as an organisation performing under change conditions. In this context, needs and expectations of a wide range of university stakeholders are analysed. The aim of this article is to indicate the roles of stakeholders leading to the development of an HEI. Although Ishikawa’s cause-and-effect diagram is used when identifying possible causes of a problem, it can also be seen as a method that allows splitting the subject into separate parts, which are causally interrelated. During the research of the activity fields of the HEI and the boundaries related to its surrounding groups, the connections between different groups, their interests and expectations towards the activities of the HEI were determined. The article is prepared using the theoretical-analytical approach. It contains the analysis of the literature on HEI stakeholders, quality management systems and issues concerning the organisational development. The conclusions include insights and suggestions for further research on the ways an HEI can correspond to the needs of stakeholders.
Representations of prostitutes and prostitution as a metaphor in nineteenth-century English newspapers
Authors: Hintikka Marianna , Nevala Minna 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this article, we study the way in which prostitutes, on the one hand, and prostitution, on the other, were evaluated and represented in nineteenth-century English news articles. The main aims of the study are to chart referential terms used of prostitutes as socially marginal agents and objects, as well as to map concepts related to the metaphorical field of prostitution. Our data come from the 19th Century British Library Newspapers Database (British Library newspapers parts 1 and 2: 1800–1900. http://www.gale.com/c/british-library-newspapers-part-i) and The Times Digital Archive (1785–2011. http://www.gale.com/c/the-times-digital-archive), consisting of altogether 300 news articles relating to prostitution. Our results suggest that there is variation between vilification and pity in the language relating to prostitutes in the Victorian press, both from the socio-pragmatic and the cognitive perspectives. While the overall attitudes are mostly negative, there is a tendency to highlight the humanity of the prostitute by referring to her, for example, as a pitiful object of a crime. All the metaphors found in the material also draw from the negativity seen as inherent in prostitution and prostitutes. This is accentuated by the frequent personification of states or political institutions as prostitutes, whose lamentable behaviour or appearance is referred to in the metaphor.
“He said he was going on the scamp”: Thieves’ cant, enregisterment and the representation of the social margins in the Old Bailey Sessions Papers
Authors: But Roxanne 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates howcantis used to represent the social margins in the Old Bailey Sessions Papers. Cant refers to the special vocabulary that is associated with and used by people living on the margins such as thieves and prostitutes. Little work has been conducted on the use of this language in courtroom texts. Using a historical pragmatic framework, evidence of the actual occurrence of cant as well as metalinguistic evidence was generated through lexical keyword searches in theOld Bailey Proceedings Online. Then the use of marginal vocabulary was examined more closely in extracts from the Sessions Papers using historical discourse analysis. This paper argues that cant is enregistered and that the courtroom recorder and the editor of the Session Papers reproduced the cant language to highlight and draw attention to the maliciousness and culpability of those who were accused in court. Linguistic techniques such as glossing and metalinguistic commentary were inserted to foreground the cant terms in the text. In addition, this historical discourse analysis sheds light on how the witnesses in the courtroom make strategic use of cant terms to portray the defendant in a negative light.
The public representation of homosexual men in seventeenth-century England – a corpus based view
Authors: McEnery Tony , Baker Helen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this article we explore public discourse around one marginalized group in early-modern English society, men who engaged in sexual relations with other males. To do this we use a large corpus of seventeenth century texts, the Early English Books Online corpus. Our exploration leads us to consider a number of methodological issues, notably low frequency data and the classical framing of some words. We consider the historical context which brings this about, the impact of such data on our study and the importance of close reading in understanding words in discourse. In addition, we show that, even where frequency does not seem to be an issue, close reading, guided by corpus analysis, is vital in allowing the analyst to move past a superficial analysis of the data towards an understanding of the conventions attached to the use of words which appear to reference men who have sex with men in this period. Through such analyses, this paper sheds light on the typically negative meanings associated with this group in early modern England, and provides both challenge and refinement to existing lexicography, both modern and early modern, relating to the group in this period.
Nominal, pronominal, and verbal number in Balinese
Authors: Arka I Wayan , Dalrymple Mary 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe examine the morphology, syntax, and semantics of number in Balinese. All Balinese pronouns are singular, and non-reduplicated common nouns have general number. Regular and associative plural constructions allow for expression of nominal plurality. Common nouns can also be reduplicated, which often (but not always) indicates plural meaning. In the verbal domain, reduplication generally marks pluractionality. We show that reduplication is a derivational process which can imply rather than encode plural meaning. We also explore parallels between nominal and verbal plurality, examining inclusive/exclusive plural readings in nominal and verbal domains, and associative pluractionality in the verbal domain.
Crystal structure of trimethyammonium 2,6-dicarboxyisonicotinate monohydrate, C11H16N2O7
Authors: Zeng Huahui , Shen Qianjin 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
C11H16N2O7, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 13.753(3) Å, b = 6.9471(15) Å, c = 13.797(3) Å, V = 1318.2(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0386, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1650, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of bis(4-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyridine-κ2
N:N′)-bis(2-(2-((2,6-difluorophenyl)amino)phenyl)acetate-κO)cadmium(II), C44H34N8CdCl4O4
Authors: Guo Jin-Bo , Li Shi-Hui 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
C44H34N8CdCl4O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.7056(2) Å, b = 14.3244(3) Å, c = 15.3626(3) Å, β = 99.7540(10)°, V = 2104.94(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0271, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0717, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 4,4′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridin-1-ium) catena-poly[diaqua-bis(μ2-3′,5′-dicarboxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2,5-dicarboxylato-κ2
O:O′] dihydrate, C48H42O22N2Ca
Authors: Li Dong-Mi , Li Shi-Hui 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
C48H42O22N2Ca, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.2548(2) Å, b = 11.7056(4) Å, c = 14.6024(4) Å, α = 72.687(3)°, β = 82.667(2)°, γ = 73.303(3)°, V = 1132.76(6) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0403, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0993, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of diethyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dioxane-5,5-dicarboxylate, C16H19ClO6
Authors: Yuan Xian-You , Zhang Min , Yuan Lin , Li Zhong-Yan 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
C16H19ClO6, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.905(3) Å, b = 9.194(4) Å, c = 13.094(5) Å, α = 99.928(4)°, β = 105.341(4)°, γ = 109.283(4)°, V = 830.2(6) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0343, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0898, T = 296(2)K.
Medieval Textbooks as a Major Source for Historical Sociolinguistic Studies of (highregister) Medieval Greek
Authors: Cuomo Andrea Massimo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article proposes to consider medieval textbooks, designed for the study of Greek, as major sources for historical sociolinguistic analyses on texts written in (high-register) Medieval Greek. It additionally discusses some aspects of the definition of historical sociolinguistics as a discipline, and stresses the importance of recovering the speech community’s perspective on Medieval Greek.
Metaphorical descriptions of wrongdoers
Authors: Dryll Ewa Marta 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
What is a metaphoric picture of an evil person made of? In a study devoted to the development of the ability to use metaphorical descriptions of humans, the semantic fields of four target metaphors - Human-Swamp, Human-Snake, Human-Knife, and Human-Nettle - were established and compared. Subjects (365 young adults) were asked to decipher the metaphors’ meanings. The results were obtained mainly by qualitative analysis, with frequency analysis of clusters containing synonymous meanings. The results indicate that when creating imaginary characteristics of evil people, young adults seem to be more concerned about the possibility of suffering verbal harassment (most commonly: vulgarity, mockery, gossip, jeering) than the threat of actual physical assault. The results may prove useful for developmental comparisons.
Lohnende Investitionen
Authors: Krebs Tom , Scheffel Martin 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Tom Krebs und Martin Scheffel untersuchen die gesamtwirtschaftlichen und fiskalischen Effekte öffentlicher Investitionen auf Basis eines mikroökonomisch fundierten makroökonomischen Modells der deutschen Volkswirtschaft. Die Simulationsanalyse zeigt, dass zusätzliche staatliche Investitionen in Infrastruktur, Hochschulen, Ganztagsschulen und in Kitas das langfristige Wachstum stärken und gleichzeitig die Tragfähigkeit der öffentlichen Finanzen verbessern. Investitionen in Schulen und Kitas erzielen die höchste fiskalische Effizienz und führen zu mehr Verteilungsgerechtigkeit. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen für eine Politik, die vorhandene fiskalische Spielräume zur Steigerung der öffentlichen Investitionen nutzt.
Allozyme Variation in Different Species of Deciduous Oaks From Northwestern Italy
Authors: Belletti Piero , Leonardi S. , Monteleone I. , Piovani P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAllozyme variation was studied by electrophoresis at 11 loci in 14 populations of Quercus petraea, Q. robur, Q. cerris and Q. pubescens from Piedmont, northwestern Italy. The aim of the work was to characterize the genetic resources and to suggest effective measures for in situ preservation of biodiversity. As expected, most of the genetic variability was found at the within population level, and genetic differentiation accounted for about 14% of it. The study confirmed the low level of genetic variability among the species studied: only Q. cerris populations could be clearly distinguished. Q. pubescens could be separated from Q. petraea and Q. robur using Principal Coordinate Analysys. The latter was also found to be useful for separating Q. petraea and Q. robur populations. However, in mixed populations, the differentiation between the latter species was similar to that scored among populations belonging to the same species. A significant deviation from random mating was observed, although it was variable among species: Q. pubescens had the highest value for the inbreeding coefficient FIS(0.159).
Assessment of AFLP-Based Genetic Variation in the Populations of Picea asperata
Authors: Xue X. , Wang Y. , Korpelainen H. , Li C. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryPicea asperata Mast., which occurs in a restricted habitat in western China, has a wide ecological amplitude. In the present study, ten natural populations of P. asperata were studied using AFLP markers to investigate the population genetic structure and the level of genetic diversity. Of the 210 loci identified with two EcoRI/MseI primer combinations, 142 loci were found to be polymorphic. Yet, the level of genetic diversity observed within populations was quite low. The averages of NEI’s gene diversities (h) and Shannon's indices of diversity (I) calculated across populations equaled 0.156 and 0.227, respectively. The coefficient of gene differentiation among populations, based on the estimate GSTand the unbiased estimate Φst, equaled 0.340 and 0.231, respectively. The mean genetic distance (D) between population pairs was 0.119 (range 0.050-0.156). Such high values indicate that there is significant differentiation among populations of P. asperata. Several factors could have contributed to the strong population differentiation, including relatively limited gene flow between populations (Nm= 0.968). Variation in environmental conditions and consequent selection pressures may be other factors attributing to the high level of genetic differentiation among populations. In addition, it was discovered that the geographic distances are not correlated with the genetic distances between the populations of P. asperata.
Genetic Gain and Diversity of Orchard Crops Under Alternative Management Options in a Clonal Seed Orchard of Pinus thunbergii
Authors: Kang Kyu-Suk , Lindgren D. , Mullin T. J. , Choi W.-Y. , Han S.-U. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGenetic gain and diversity, expressed by status number, of seed crops from a clonal seed orchard of Pinus thunbergii were estimated considering selection, fertility variation and pollen contamination, and compared for different management alternatives (selective harvest, genetic thinning and combination of both options). Management variables included the proportion of clones left after selective harvest and/or genetic thinning. The impact on genetic gain and diversity of seed crops was quantified as a function of the quantity and quality of gene flow from outside the seed orchard. Genetic gain varied with the proportion of selected or thinned clones. Genetic thinning by means of truncation selection of clones resulted in a large decrease in status number, which was accompanied by greater genetic gain than achieved by selective harvest alone. As expected, gene flow from outside the seed orchard greatly increased status number of the seed crop at higher rates of pollen contamination under all management options. The formulae and results of the present study could be used for identifying favorable selection intensity and alternatives for orchard management.
Population Genetic Survey of Populus cathayana Originating From Southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China Based on SSR Markers
Authors: Peng Y. H. , Lu Z. X. , Chen K. , Luukkanen O. , Korpelainen H. , Li Chun Yang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this study, the genetic diversity of Populus cathayana Rehd was investigated using microsatellite markers. In a total of 150 individuals collected from six natural populations in the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China, a high level of microsatellite polymorphism was detected. At the seven investigated microsatellite loci, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 16, with a mean of 11.3, the observed heterozygosities across populations ranged from 0.408 to 0.986, with a mean of 0.792, and the expected heterozygosities across populations ranged from 0.511 to 0.891, with a mean of 0.802. The proportion of genetic differentiation among populations accounted for 37.3% of the whole genetic diversity. The presence of such a high level of genetic diversity could be attributed to the features of the species and the habitats where the sampled populations occur: The southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is regarded as the natural distribution and variation center of the genus Populus in China. Variation in environmental conditions and selection pressures in different populations, and topographic dispersal barriers could be factors associated with the high level of genetic differentiation found among populations. The populations possessed significant heterozygosity excesses, which may be due to extensive population mixing at the local scale. The cluster analysis showed that the populations are not strictly grouped according to their geographic distances but the habitat characteristics also influence the divergence pattern. In addition, we suggest that population SHY should be regarded as an ecologically divergent species of P. cathayana.
Differentiating Groups of Abies Species With a Simple Molecular Marker
Authors: Ziegenhagen B. , Fady B. , Kuhlenkamp V. , Liepelt S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe unambiguous identification of closely related species is useful for many practical purposes in forest tree species. For example, international laws require timber identification and the control of the origin of forest reproductive material. In this paper, we present a mitochondrial DNA marker which can be used to differentiate among groups of fir species (Abies spp.). Eight Mediterranean and one North American fir species (used as reference) were analysed at the fourth intron of the NAD subunit 5 gene. A total of six different haplotypes was identified, one in the American Abies concolor, the other five in Mediterranean species. Two different haplotypes were found each in the widespread A. alba and in A. cephalonica, one haplotype being shared among the two species. A single species specific haplotype was found in the near-eastern A. cilicica. The two southwestern species A. pinsapo and A. numidica shared one haplotype. The fifth haplotype was shared by all remaining eastern Mediterranean firs, A. cephalonica, A. bornmuelleriana, A. equi-troiani, and A. nordmanniana. Differences in haplotype sequences were mainly due to large insertions/deletions. Agarose gel electrophoresis thus provides a fast, cheap and reliable diagnosis method for species or species group identification.
Low Cost Improvement of Coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) By Application of The Breeding Seed Orchard Approach in Denmark
Authors: Hansen J. K. , Wellendorf H. , Kjær E. D. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
An evaluation of a seedling seed orchard in Denmark of Coastal Douglas-fir showed variation between open pollinated families in their susceptibility to windthrow, height and diameter growth, stem straightness, number of forks at age 10 and bud burst at age 9. Individual narrow-sense heritability was 0.63 for bud burst, 0.40 for height and diameter, respectively, 0.48 for stem straightness, 0.20 for number of forks and 0.17 for windthrow susceptibility. Fast growing families were characterised by late bud burst, and poorer stem straightness. The approach of using seedling seed orchards in Denmark is discussed in relation to genetic gains, genetic diversity and risk of inbreeding. Predicted gains concerning a reduction of windthrow susceptibility were poor due to low genetic variability. In multi-trait selection scenarios aiming to improve growth, stem straightness and reducing windthrow susceptibility, the approach of using seedling seed orchards demonstrated that it might be possible to obtain gains in height above 5% combined with significant improvements of stem straightness while retaining an effective population size above 50.
Regional and Population-scale Influences on Genetic Diversity Partitioning within Costa Rican Populations of the Pioneer Tree Vochysia ferruginea Mart
Authors: Cavers S. , Navarro C. , Hopkins P. , Ennos R. A. , Lowe A. J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The neotropical pioneer species Vochysia ferruginea is locally important for timber and is being increasingly exploited. The sustainable utilisation of this species would benefit from an understanding of the level and partitioning of genetic diversity within remnant and secondary regrowth populations. We used data from total genome (amplified fragment length polymorphism, AFLP) and chloroplast genome markers to assay diversity levels within seven Costa Rican populations. Significant chloroplast differentiation between Atlantic and Pacific watersheds was observed, suggesting divergent historical origins for these populations. Contemporary gene flow, though extensive, is geographically constrained and a clear pattern of isolation by distance was detectable when an inter-population distance representing gene flow around the central Costa Rican mountain range was used. Overall population differentiation was low (FST = 0.15) and within-population diversity high, though variable (Hs = 0.16-0.32), which fits with the overall pattern of population genetic structure expected for a widespread, outcrossed tropical tree. However genetic diversity was significantly lower and differentiation higher for recently colonised and disturbed populations compared to that at more established sites. Such a pattern seems indicative of a pioneer species undergoing repeated cycles of colonisation and succession.
Genetic Variation and Population Structure of Dendropanax morbifera Lev. (Araliaceae) in Korea
Authors: Kim S. H. , Jang Y. S. , Han J. G. , Chung H. G. , Lee S.W. , Cho K. J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDendropanax morbifera Lev. (Araliaceae) is an economically important tree species because of its role in the production of golden varnishes as well as its use as an ornamental plant. As an endemic tree species of Korea, it is restricted to the southern parts of Korea as isolated populations. In this study, eight natural populations of D. morbifera were investigated by starch-gel electrophoresis in an attempt to determine the extent of its genetic diversity. Out of 8 natural populations, the Suak population in Jeju island showed the lowest level of genetic diversity, while the Wando island population in Jeonnam showed the highest level of genetic diversity. Levels of genetic diversity maintained in D. morbifera (A/L =1.5, P95 = 27.3%, Ho = 0.100, He = 0.095) were notably lower than those of other tree species with wider and more continuous geographic distributions. The reasons for the low level of genetic diversity in D. morbifera might be due to the genetic drift caused by artificial disturbances. Most of the total genetic diversity (96%) was found within the populations. The UPGMA dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance did not show any particular geographic patterns. The low level of genetic diversity suggested that there should be an urgent emphasis on the conservation study of this species.
Genetic Parameters and Strategies for Genetic Improvement of Stiffness in Radiata Pine
Authors: Kumar S. , Dungey H. S. , Matheson A. C. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The two main objectives of this study were: (1) to determine how early is it possible to undertake selection to improve the stiffness of corewood; (2) to determine if the selection based on corewood stiffness could also improve outerwood stiffness, and vice versa. Breastheight data from two progeny trials of Pinus radiata D. Don were used. In the first trial (age 30 years), data on Silviscan predicted stiffness (MoE) was obtained for each growth ring on each core sample from 50 open-pollinated families. In the second trial (age 14 years), data on static-bending MoE was obtained using clearwood sticks (300 × 20 × 20 mm) cut from each tree from 18 control-pollinated families. MoE varied from 3.5 GPa in rings 1-5 to about 17 GPa in rings 21-25. Coefficients of variation of corewood and outerwood MoE were about 20-30% and 15-20% respectively. Estimates of narrowsense heritability for MoE were generally higher (0.50-0.70) in the corewood compared with the outerwood (0.15-0.30). Early selection for MoE could yield substantial gain in corewood MoE but only small gains, if any, in outerwood MoE (especially for rings 21-30). Estimated genetic correlations between density and stiffness appeared moderate in the corewood zone, but high in the outerwood zone. Selection based on density (using 5-mm cores) and acoustic stiffness (using standing tree tools), assessed at age 6-7 years, appeared to be a good option to improve both corewood and outerwood stiffness.