bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen and Fluorine‐Codoped Carbon Nanowire Aerogels as Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Fu Shaofang , Zhu Chengzhou , Song Junhua , Engelhard Mark H. , Xiao Biwei , Du Dan , Lin Yuehe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe development of active, durable, and low‐cost catalysts to replace noble metal‐based materials is highly desirable to promote the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells. Herein, nitrogen and fluorine‐codoped three‐dimensional carbon nanowire aerogels, composed of interconnected carbon nanowires, were synthesized for the first time by a hydrothermal carbonization process. Owing to their porous nanostructures and heteroatom‐doping, the as‐prepared carbon nanowire aerogels, with optimized composition, present excellent electrocatalytic activity that is comparable to commercial Pt/C. Remarkably, the aerogels also exhibit superior stability and methanol tolerance. This synthesis procedure paves a new way to design novel heteroatom‐doped catalysts.
Pyrolysis and char oxidation characteristics of oil shales and coal in a thermogravimetric analyzer
Authors: Park Dong Kyoo , Song Eunhye 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNon‐isothermal thermogravimetric analysis was carried out on two different oil shales and sub‐bituminous coal in order to evaluate effects of the fuel properties and compare the reaction characteristics. The samples and their chars after the devolatilization were heated up to 900 °C at a constant heating rate of 10 K/min under inert and oxidizing atmospheres, respectively. Experimental results exhibit distinct behaviour between the samples for both pyrolysis and char oxidation processes. Pyrolysis of oil shale occurs in two temperature regimes corresponding to its organic and mineral degradation, and mineral matter plays important roles in production of the residual char at the second pyrolysis stage and its reactivity to the subsequent char oxidation. Kinetic analysis was performed using the global one‐ and multi‐step models with nth order reaction mechanism. Organic devolatilization processes of coal and oil shale are analyzed by three‐ and two‐step models, respectively, however mineral degradation of oil shale and char oxidation are analyzed by a one‐step model. Finally, a reasonable fit to the experimental data can be achieved for all the samples and their chars at different atmospheres.
Asymmetric Cationic [P, O] Type Palladium Complexes in Olefin Homopolymerization and Copolymerization
Authors: Xiong Shuoyan , Guo Lihua , Zhang Shumiao , Liu Zhe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMetal‐catalyzed ethylene homopolymerization and ethylene‐polar monomer copolymerization to produce new kinds of polyolefins with novel microstructures are of great interest. So far, there are some disadvantages for traditional transition metal catalyst systems. Therefore, it is critical to develop new catalysts or alternative strategies. In recent years, some cationic [P, O] palladium complexes have been demonstrated with the abilities to obtain oligomers and the high molecular weight polymers. Most importantly, these complexes showed high activity and generated polymers with specific microstructures when used for copolymerization of ethylene with industrially relevant polar monomers. This review summarizes several types of high performance cationic [P, O] palladium catalysts in ethylene oligomerization, ethylene homopolymerization and the copolymerization of ethylene with polar monomers. Specially, the regulation of steric and electronic effects at specific sites of the metal complexes was focused.
Multiple roles of afadin in the ultrastructural morphogenesis of mouse hippocampal mossy fiber synapses
Authors: Sai Kousyoku , Wang Shujie , Kaito Aika , Fujiwara Takeshi , Maruo Tomohiko , Itoh Yu , Miyata Muneaki , Sakakibara Shotaro , Miyazaki Naoyuki , Murata Kazuyoshi , Yamaguchi Yuuki , Haruta Tomohiro , Nishioka Hideo , Motojima Yuki , Komura Miyuki , Kimura Kazushi , Mandai Kenji , Takai Yoshimi , Mizoguchi Akira 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA hippocampal mossy fiber synapse, which is implicated in learning and memory, has a complex structure in which mossy fiber boutons attach to the dendritic shaft by puncta adherentia junctions (PAJs) and wrap around a multiply‐branched spine, forming synaptic junctions. Here, we electron microscopically analyzed the ultrastructure of this synapse in afadin‐deficient mice. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that typical PAJs with prominent symmetrical plasma membrane darkening undercoated with the thick filamentous cytoskeleton were observed in the control synapse, whereas in the afadin‐deficient synapse, atypical PAJs with the symmetrical plasma membrane darkening, which was much less in thickness and darkness than those of the control typical PAJs, were observed. Immunoelectron microscopy analysis revealed that nectin‐1, nectin‐3, and N‐cadherin were localized at the control typical PAJs, whereas nectin‐1 and nectin‐3 were localized at the afadin‐deficient atypical PAJs to extents lower than those in the control synapse and N‐cadherin was localized at their nonjunctional flanking regions. These results indicate that the atypical PAJs are formed by nectin‐1 and nectin‐3 independently of afadin and N‐cadherin and that the typical PAJs are formed by afadin and N‐cadherin cooperatively with nectin‐1 and nectin‐3. Serial block face‐scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the complexity of postsynaptic spines and mossy fiber boutons, the number of spine heads, the area of postsynaptic densities, and the density of synaptic vesicles docked to active zones were decreased in the afadin‐deficient synapse. These results indicate that afadin plays multiple roles in the complex ultrastructural morphogenesis of hippocampal mossy fiber synapses.
Size, Shape, and Lateral Correlation of Highly Uniform, Mesoscopic, Self‐Assembled Domains of Fluorocarbon–Hydrocarbon Diblocks at the Air/Water Interface: A GISAXS Study
Authors: Veschgini Mariam , Abuillan Wasim , Inoue Shigeto , Yamamoto Akihisa , Mielke Salomé , Liu Xianhe , Konovalov Oleg , Krafft Marie Pierre , Tanaka Motomu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe shape and size of self‐assembled mesoscopic surface domains of fluorocarbon–hydrocarbon (FnHm) diblocks and the lateral correlation between these domains were quantitatively determined from grazing incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS). The full calculation of structure and form factors unravels the influence of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon block lengths on the diameter and height of the domains, and provides the inter‐domain correlation length. The diameter of the domains, as determined from the form factor analysis, exhibits a monotonic increase in response to the systematic lengthening of each block, which can be attributed to the increase in van der Waals attraction between molecules. The pair correlation function in real space calculated from the structure factor implies that the inter‐domain correlation can reach a distance that is over 25 times larger than the domain's size. The full calculation of the GISAXS signals introduced here opens a potential towards the hierarchical design of mesoscale domains of self‐assembled small organic molecules, covering several orders of magnitude in space.
Photo‐Chromium: Sensitizer for Visible‐Light‐Induced Oxidative C−H Bond Functionalization—Electron or Energy Transfer?
Authors: Otto Sven , Nauth Alexander M. , Ermilov Eugenyi , Scholz Norman , Friedrich Aleksej , Resch‐Genger Ute , Lochbrunner Stefan , Opatz Till , Heinze Katja 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe chromium(III) sensitizer [Cr(ddpd)2]3+ (ddpd=N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐dipyridine‐2‐ylpyridine‐2,6‐diamine), based on an earth‐abundant metal centre, possesses a unique excited‐state potential‐energy landscape. The very large energy gap between the redox‐active and substitutionally labile 4T2 state and the long‐lived low‐energy 2E spin‐flip state enables a selective, efficient sensitization of triplet dioxygen to give singlet dioxygen. Ultrafast intersystem crossing after the Franck Condon point from the 4T2 to the 2E excited state within 3.5 ps precludes intermolecular electron‐transfer pathways from the ultrashort‐lived excited 4T2 state. This specific excited‐state reactivity enables a selective visible‐light‐induced C−H bond activation of tertiary amines with 1O2 and subsequent trapping with cyanide to yield α‐aminonitriles in good to excellent yields.
White broadband power line communication: Exploiting the TVWS for indoor multimedia smart grid applications
Authors: Heggo Mohammad , Zhu Xu , Sumei Sun , Huang Yi 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBalancing the energy production and consumption in smart grids influences the integration of new high‐speed communication technologies, to support monitoring services. Sharing the television white space (TVWS) spectrum between licensed and unlicensed users has been recommended by the federal communications commission in 2004. Federal communications commission allows the unlicensed users to access both the very high frequency (VHF) and the ultra‐high frequency channels in TVWS. On the other hand, broadband power line communication (BPLC) has drawn the researchers' attention over the last decade as a high‐speed indoor communication technology. One application for BPLC is the multimedia service in smart grid applications. In this article, we present an overview of the standards, regulations, and channel models of the TVWS and BPLC as 2 separate technologies. We then propose the deployment of the BPLC technology in the TVWS VHF band to build up the white BPLC (WBPLC) communication systems. The WBPLC incorporates the TVWS and the BPLC technologies into multiple‐input multiple‐output communication systems in the VHF band. The simulation results show significant throughput enhancement in the WBPLC over both the TVWS and BPLC communication systems, indicating that WBPLC can be a promising technology to serve the growing needs for the multimedia services in future smart grids.
Implantation of a left ventricular assist device to provide long‐term support for end‐stage Duchenne muscular dystrophy‐associated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Stoller Douglas , Araj Faris , Amin Alpesh , Fitzsimmons Catherine , Morlend Robert , Thibodeau Jennifer T. , Ramaciotti Claudio , Drazner Mark H. , Meyer Dan M. , Mammen Pradeep P.A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA young man with Duchenne muscular dystrophy presented to the UT Southwestern Neuromuscular Cardiomyopathy Clinic with advanced heart failure. Despite maximal medical therapy, his cardiac function continued to decline requiring initiation of inotrope therapy. Given the patient's clinical deterioration, a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) was implanted as destination therapy after undergoing a multidisciplinary assessment. The patient tolerated the surgical implantation of the LVAD without any significant complications, and he has had a relatively unremarkable course 38 months post‐LVAD implantation. A critical factor contributing to the long‐term success of this patient was the decision to select an LVAD that would not disrupt the diaphragm and thus preserve the respiratory muscle strength. This case demonstrates that permanent mechanical LVADs should be considered for appropriately selected Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients with medically refractory end‐stage cardiomyopathy.
Determination of strobilurin fungicide residues in fruits and vegetables by nonaqueous micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with indirect laser‐induced fluorescence
Authors: Guo Xin , Wang Kun , Chen Guan‐Hua , Shi Jie , Wu Xian , Di Lu‐Lu , Wang Yi 
Published: May 2017

A nonaqueous micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method with indirect LIF was developed for the determination of strobilurin fungicide residues in fruits and vegetables. Hydrophobic CdTe quantum dots (QDs) synthesized in aqueous phase were used as background fluorescent substance. The BGE solution, QD concentration, and separation voltage were optimized to obtain the best separation efficiency and the highest signal intensity. The optimal BGE solution consists of 40 mM phosphate, 120 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate, 15% v/v water and 15% v/v hydrophobic CdTe QDs in formamide, of which apparent pH is 9.5. The optimized separation voltage is controlled as 25 kV. The resultant detection limits of azoxystrobin, kresoxim‐methyl, and pyraclostrobin are all 0.001 mg/kg, their linear dynamic ranges are 0.005–2.5 mg/kg, and the recoveries of the spiked samples are 81.7–96.1%, 86.5–95.7%, and 87.3–97.4%, respectively. This method has been proved to be sensitive enough to detect the aforementioned fungicides in fruits and vegetables at the maximum residue limits.
Effects of chemical management for invasive plants on the performance of Lithobates pipiens tadpoles
Authors: Curtis Amanda N. , Bidart M. Gabriela 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Invasive plants impact amphibians by altering habitat, altering species interactions, and releasing potentially toxic secondary chemicals. Despite being costly and having the potential to affect nontarget wildlife, chemical management is commonly used to control invasive plants. Prior research has indicated that individual effects of invasive plants or herbicides can be harmful to aquatic organisms; however, information is lacking on the combined effect of these factors on amphibians. A laboratory experiment was performed to assess the impact of leachates of the invasive plants Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) and European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), the herbicide Renovate® 3 (triclopyr [3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinyloxyacetic acid]), and the combined effects of each plant leachate and the herbicide on the growth, morphology, and survival of northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) tadpoles. No effects of treatment on survival were observed. Tadpole exposure to M. spicatum reduced body mass by 17%, exposure to R. cathartica increased body mass by 36%, and exposure to R. cathartica + low herbicide increased body mass by 38% (although only early in the experiment). Exposure to Renovate 3 induced a 16% and 29% decrease in tadpole size in lower (0.22 mg triclopyr active ingredient [a.i.]/L) and higher (0.92 mg triclopyr a.i./L) concentration treatments, respectively. Results from the present study highlight the importance of considering both individual and combined effects of invasive plants and herbicides because they may have different outcomes for tadpole growth and development. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2958–2964. © 2017 SETAC
Application of the Fog computing paradigm to Smart Factories and cyber‐physical systems
Authors: de Brito M.S. , Hoque S. , Steinke R. , Willner A. , Magedanz T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSince the invention of the steam engine in the 18th century, innovation drove the development of industrial processes. The next industrial revolution will form an ecosystem of over 20 billion connected devices with unforeseeable influence to the gross domestic product by 2020, and connected assets will generate about 44ZB of data, which pose interesting challenges related to privacy, connectivity, scalability, and others. A current line of action that leads to this direction is the development of cyber‐physical systems; considered as the coupling of physical processes and the digital world, its influence in the next industrial revolution is essential. In this work, we discuss its implementation, taking the Fog computing paradigm into consideration. As a starting point, we are extending a standard‐compliant machine‐to‐machine communication architecture to support container‐based orchestration mechanisms to enable cyber‐physical systems to be programmable, autonomous, and to communicate peer‐to‐peer. As the primary field of application, we are considering Industrial Internet domains in general and Smart Factory environments in particular. In this paper, we present an architecture for Fog Nodes, as well a more in‐depth discussion on the orchestration system and programmable characteristics of the Fog Node. On the basis of a simulation model, we show the advantages of having a programmable Fog Node supported by an orchestration system. Finally, we open a discussion about our solution and its application in the field of Smart Factories.
FASPM: Fuzzy logic‐based adaptive security protocol for multihop data dissemination in intelligent transport systems
Authors: Javed Muhammad Awais , Zeadally Sherali , Usman Muhammad , Sidhu Guftaar Ahmad Sardar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntelligent transport systems (ITSs) utilize secure wireless communications to enable vehicle‐to‐vehicle or vehicle‐to‐infrastructure connectivity on the road. Single‐hop and multihop communications are used to ensure that the vehicles and the infrastructure road side units are notified of current traffic conditions in a timely manner. While security improves network defense against malicious users, it also adds significant computational delay to network transmissions. In particular, for multihop communications, this can result in increased network delays and increased number of retransmissions that cause further network congestions for single‐hop safety messages. We present an approach called the fuzzy logic‐based adaptive security protocol for multihop (FASPM) traffic to improve the quality of service of ITS applications. FASPM prioritizes the signature verification of ITS messages according to their delay requirements. Moreover, FASPM uses fuzzy adaptation of multihop security levels to reduce network congestion. Simulation results demonstrate that FASPM achieves significant quality‐of‐service improvements for road safety applications.
Combining distributed queuing with energy harvesting to enable perpetual distributed data collection applications
Authors: Vazquez‐Gallego Francisco , Tuset‐Peiró Pere , Alonso Luis , Alonso‐Zarate Jesus 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper presents, models, and evaluates energy harvesting–aware distributed queuing (EH‐DQ), a novel medium access control protocol that combines distributed queuing with energy harvesting (EH) to address data collection applications in industrial scenarios using long‐range and low‐power wireless communication technologies. We model the medium access control protocol operation using a Markov chain and evaluate its ability to successfully transmit data without depleting the energy stored at the end devices. In particular, we compare the performance and energy consumption of EH‐DQ with that of time‐division multiple access (TDMA), which provides an upper limit in data delivery, and EH‐aware reservation dynamic frame slotted ALOHA, which is an improved variation of frame slotted ALOHA. To evaluate the performance of these protocols, we use 2 performance metrics: delivery ratio and time efficiency. Delivery ratio measures the ability to successfully transmit data without depleting the energy reserves, whereas time efficiency measures the amount of data that can be transmitted in a certain amount of time. Results show that EH‐DQ and TDMA perform close to the optimum in data delivery and outperform EH‐aware reservation dynamic frame slotted ALOHA in data delivery and time efficiency. Compared to TDMA, the time efficiency of EH‐DQ is insensitive to the amount of harvested energy, making it more suitable for energy‐constrained applications. Moreover, compared to TDMA, EH‐DQ does not require updated network information to maintain a collision‐free schedule, making it suitable for very dynamic networks.
Bounding the causal effect of unemployment on mental health: Nonparametric evidence from four countries
Authors: Cygan‐Rehm Kamila , Kuehnle Daniel , Oberfichtner Michael 
Published: May 2017

SummaryAn important, yet unsettled, question in public health policy is the extent to which unemployment causally impacts mental health. The recent literature yields varying findings, which are likely due to differences in data, methods, samples, and institutional settings. Taking a more general approach, we provide comparable evidence for four countries with different institutional settings—Australia, Germany, the UK, and the United States—using a nonparametric bounds analysis. Relying on fairly weak and partially testable assumptions, our paper shows that unemployment has a significant negative effect on mental health in all countries. Our results rule out effects larger than a quarter of a standard deviation for Germany and half a standard deviation for the Anglo‐Saxon countries. The effect is significant for both men and women and materialises already for short periods of unemployment. Public policy should hence focus on early prevention of mental health problems among the unemployed.
Differential resistance to platinum‐based drugs and 5‐fluorouracil in p22phox‐overexpressing oral squamous cell carcinoma: Implications of alternative treatment strategies
Authors: Hung Chih‐Chang , Chien Chen‐Yu , Chu Pei‐Yu , Wu Yu‐Jen , Lin Chang‐Shen , Huang Chih‐Jen , Chan Leong‐Perng , Wang Yen‐Yun , Yuan Shyng‐Shiou F. , Hour Tzyh‐Chyuan , Chen Jeff Yi‐Fu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously shown that p22phox confers resistance to cisplatin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Whether p22phox has clinical correlation with cisplatin resistance and affects the efficacy of other platinum or nonplatinum drugs is unknown.MethodsThe p22phox expression in tissues and apoptotic markers in cell lines was detected by immunoblotting. The cytotoxicity of chemotherapy drugs was determined by methylthiazol tetrazolium assay. In vivo chemoresistance of p22phox‐overexpressing tumors was confirmed by the xenograft mouse model.ResultsThe p22phox was upregulated in tumors of patients with OSCC refractory to cisplatin treatment. The p22phox overexpression markedly increased the resistance to cisplatin and carboplatin, but not oxaliplatin and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), in OSCC cells by differentially inhibiting the drug‐induced apoptosis. Furthermore, p22phox‐dependent resistance to cisplatin, but not 5‐FU, was demonstrated in mouse xenograft tumors.ConclusionThe p22phox expression may not only be a prognostic biomarker for prediction of chemotherapy outcomes, but the indication for alternative treatment strategies in oral cancer.