bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibratory function and healing outcomes after small intestinal submucosa biomaterial implantation for chronic vocal fold scar
Authors: Pitman Michael J. , Kurita Takashi , Powell Maria E. , Kimball Emily E. , Mizuta Masanobu , Chang Siyuan , Garrett C. Gaelyn , Rousseau Bernard 
Published: November 2017

Objectives/HypothesisVocal fold scar is a major cause of dysphonia, and optimal treatments do not currently exist. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is a biomaterial developed for the treatment of a variety of pathologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of SIS implantation on tissue remodeling in scarred vocal folds using routine staining, immunohistochemistry, and high‐speed videoendoscopy (HSV).Study DesignProspective, blinded group analysis.MethodsThirteen New Zealand White rabbits underwent a vocal fold scarring procedure followed by microflap elevation with or without SIS implantation. Seven months later, they underwent a phonation procedure with HSV and laryngeal harvest. Alcian blue and elastica van Gieson staining and immunohistochemistry for collagen types I and III were used to evaluate histological healing outcomes. Dynamic functional remodeling of the scarred vocal fold in the presence of SIS implants was evaluated using HSV imaging to capture restoration of vibratory amplitude, amplitude ratio, and left‐right phase symmetry.ResultsDensity of collagen I was significantly decreased in SIS versus microflap‐treated vocal folds. No differences were found between groups for hyaluronic acid, elastin, or collagen type III. Organization of elastin in the subepithelial region appeared to affect amplitude of vibration and the shape of the vocal fold edge.ConclusionsSIS implantation into chronic scar reduced the density of collagen I deposits. There was no evidence of a negative impact or complication from SIS implantation. Regardless of treatment type, organization of elastin in the subepithelial region may be important to vibratory outcomes.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:901–908, 2018
The relationship between endolymphatic hydrops in the vestibule and low‐frequency air‐bone gaps
Authors: Sugimoto Satofumi , Yoshida Tadao , Teranishi Masaaki , Okazaki Yuriko , Naganawa Shinji , Sone Michihiko 
Published: November 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the relationship between endolymphatic hydrops and hearing level, focusing on significant vestibular endolymphatic hydrops adjacent to the stapes footplate and low‐frequency air‐bone gaps.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsThe study included 1,548 ears from 775 patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination in our university hospital to investigate possible endolymphatic hydrops between January 2012 and December 2015. Ears were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging performed 4 hours after intravenous injection of a standard dose of gadodiamide hydrate and/or 24 hours after intratympanic injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine diluted eightfold. Comparison of hearing thresholds on pure‐tone audiometry was performed between ears having endolymphatic hydrops adjacent to the stapes footplate and those having nonadjacent endolymphatic hydrops.ResultsForty‐one ears (22 men and 19 women, mean age 48.4 years) showed significant cochlear and vestibular endolymphatic hydrops adjacent to the stapes footplate, and 79 ears (30 men and 49 women, mean age 45.0 years) showed significant nonadjacent cochlear and vestibular endolymphatic hydrops. The average air‐bone gap at 250 Hz was significantly higher in the group of ears with adjacent hydrops than in those with nonadjacent hydrops.ConclusionsThe appearance of low‐frequency air‐bone gaps suggests deterioration of endolymphatic hydrops, particularly in ears with Ménière's disease, and could be a useful indicator for evaluating and treating patients with endolymphatic hydrops.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1658–1662, 2018
Clinical trials in rhinosinusitis: Identifying areas for improvement
Authors: Ramsey Tam , Lai Wanda , Guo Eric , Svider Peter F. , Zuliani Giancarlo , Eloy Jean Anderson , Folbe Adam J. 
Published: November 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo characterize trends in rhinosinusitis clinical trials to provide recommendations for therapeutic directions, highlight possible redundancy, and provide a framework for prioritization of future clinical trials.Study DesignDatabase analysis.MethodsData were collected from ClinicalTrials.gov including all clinical trials that focused on rhinosinusitis with the exclusion of trials withdrawn prior to enrollment. Variables recorded included study design, study population, pharmaceutical involvement, publication, and whether a trial was a medical or surgical intervention. Associated publications were identified using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases.ResultsThere were 269 rhinosinusitis clinical trials, dating from 1993 to 2017, that met inclusion reauirements. Of the studies included in this analysis, 51.7% had at least one scientific publication, and of those with publications, 80.6% had positive results and 19.3% had negative results. Twenty‐three clinical trials (8.5%) studied drugs already approved for rhinosinusitis, 113 (42.0%) trials studied drugs that were approved for other uses, 42 (15.6%) trials studied experimental drugs, and 102 (39.4%) studied surgical intervention. Of the trials studying drugs, the data showed many clinical trials that studied the same drug. The data demonstrate a steady decline in clinical trials with medical intervention and a rise in clinical trials with surgical intervention.ConclusionsThis analysis is the first to characterize rhinosinusitis clinical trials, highlighting the over‐representation of certain drugs and demonstrating an increased focus on clinical trials employing surgical intervention. We provide a framework to discuss prioritization of future studies to guide clinical and research practice.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1281–1286, 2018
Pediatric acute mastoiditis in the era of pneumococcal vaccination
Authors: Tawfik Kareem O. , Ishman Stacey L. , Tabangin Meredith E. , Altaye Mekibib , Meinzen‐Derr Jareen , Choo Daniel I. 
Published: November 2017

Objectives/HypothesisThe objective was to describe trends in the annual prevalence of hospitalization for pediatric acute mastoiditis since introduction of the 7‐valent pneumococcal vaccine in 2000 and the 13‐valent vaccine in 2010.Study DesignCross‐sectional retrospective data analysis.MethodsThe Kids' Inpatient Database from years 2000 to 2012 was analyzed. To determine the annual prevalence of hospitalization for acute mastoiditis, nationally weighted frequencies of hospitalization for children <21 years with acute mastoiditis diagnoses were collected. Trend analysis of hospitalization rates from 2000 to ‐2012 was performed.ResultsFrom 2000 to 2012, there was no significant trend in hospitalization rates for acute mastoiditis overall (1.38 and 1.43 per 100,000 persons in 2000 and 2012, respectively; P = .86) or by age group. When comparing hospitalization rates at time points 2000 and 2012, children <1 year (4.65 and 3.27 per 100,000 persons, P = .0023) and 1 to 2 years of age (3.95 and 3.18 per 100,000 persons, respectively; P = .0107) demonstrated declines in hospitalization over time. Between 2009 and 2012, hospitalization rates also significantly declined for children aged <1 year (4.50 to 3.27 per 100,000 persons, P = .0056) and 1 to 2 years (4.30 to 3.18 per 100,000 persons, P = .0002) but increased for children 5 to 9 years (1.10 to 1.81 per 100,000 persons, P < .0001) and 10 to 20 years of age (0.41 to 0.72 per 100,000 persons, P < .0001).ConclusionsDespite introduction of two pneumococcal vaccines, rates of hospitalization for pediatric acute mastoiditis did not decline between 2000 and 2012. Between 2009 and 2012, however, children 0 to 2 years of age showed declining hospitalization rates, possibly reflecting the protective benefit of the 13‐valent pneumococcal vaccine.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1480–1485, 2018
Current practices for voice rest recommendations after phonomicrosurgery
Authors: Joshi Ashwini , Johns Michael M. 
Published: November 2017

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study was to understand current protocols for voice rest implemented by laryngologists immediately after phonomicrosurgery for benign vocal fold lesions.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsA 24‐item survey was sent via electronic mail to laryngologists across the country to gather data on their recommendations of type and dosage of voice rest, factors involved in this decision, and recommendations for other behavioral modifications.ResultsA majority of the laryngologists implement 7 days of complete voice rest for nodules, cysts, polyps, and Reinke's edema, 1 to 4 days for leukoplakia and papilloma, and over 8 days of relative voice rest for most lesions. A majority of the laryngologists also employ a combination of complete and relative voice rest.ConclusionsThe more common recommendation for complete voice rest is 7 days for nodules, cysts, polyps, and Reinke's edema, and 1 to 4 days for leukoplakia and papilloma. Relative voice rest when recommended is typically recommended for over 8 days. Voice rest recommendations were not affected by surgery type alone, but were determined by either lesion type alone or lesion type combined with surgery type.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1170–1175, 2018
Polyphthalaldehyde: Synthesis, Derivatives, and Applications
Authors: Wang Feng , Diesendruck Charles E. 
Published: November 2017

Abstracto‐Phthalaldehyde is, to this day, the only aromatic aldehyde that can be homopolymerized through chain‐growth polymerization. The product, polyphthalaldehyde (PPA), is a brittle white solid, and, having a polyacetal main chain, presents the ability to depolymerize quite rapidly in the presence of an acid. This review highlights the unique polymerization chemistry of o‐phthalaldehyde since its discovery over half a century ago, describing the different methods for the preparation of PPA and its derivatives, how the polymerization chemistry affects the structure and thermomechanical properties of the obtained PPA, and summarizes recent developments in PPA chemistry as a responsive material. Modern material applications such as the use of PPA as photoresists or in thermal‐scanning probe lithography, as well as exploration of judiciously end‐capped PPA for its use as self‐immolative materials are summarized. In addition, the use of PPA blocks in copolymers is described, leading to the development of films with well‐defined nanochannels or nanopores that can serve as a template for the preparation of the microorganization of nanomaterials.
An Improved Binary Differential Evolution Algorithm for Feature Selection in Molecular Signatures
Authors: Zhao X. S. , Bao L. L. , Ning Q. , Ji J. C. , Zhao X. W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe discovery of biomarkers from high‐dimensional data is a very challenging task in cancer diagnoses. On the one hand, biomarker discovery is the so‐called high‐dimensional small‐sample problem. On the other hand, these data are redundant and noisy. In recent years, biomarker discovery from high‐throughput biological data has become an increasingly important emerging topic in the field of bioinformatics. In this study, we propose a binary differential evolution algorithm for feature selection. Firstly, we suggest using a two‐stage approach, where three filter methods including the Fisher score, T‐statistics, and Information gain are used to generate the feature pool for input to differential evolution (DE). Secondly, in order to improve the performance of differential evolution algorithm for feature selection, a new variant of binary DE called BDE is proposed. Three optimization strategies are incorporated into the BDE. The first strategy is the heuristic method in initial stage, the second one is the self‐adaptive parameter control, and the third one is the minimum change value to improve the exploration behaviour thus enhance the diversity. Finally, Support vector machine (SVM) is used as the classifier in 10 fold cross‐validation method. The experimental results of our proposed algorithm on some benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm. In addition, the BDE forged in this study will be of great potential in feature selection problems.
Evaluation of TomoTherapy dose calculations with intrafractional motion and motion compensation
Authors: Chao Edward H. , Lucas Daniel , Schnarr Eric 
Published: November 2017

PurposeAnatomical motion, both cyclical and aperiodic, can impact the dose delivered during external beam radiation. In this work, we evaluate the use of a research version of the clinical TomoTherapy® dose calculator to calculate dose with intrafraction rigid motion. We also evaluate the feasibility of a method of motion compensation for helical tomotherapy using the jaws and MLC.MethodsTreatment plans were created using the TomoTherapy treatment planning system. Dose was recalculated for several simple rigid motion traces including a 4 mm step motion applied either longitudinally or transversely, and a sinusoidal motion. The calculated dose volumes were compared to dose measurements that were performed by translating the phantom with the same motion traces used in the calculations. Measurements were made using film and ion chambers. Finally, the delivery plans were modified to compensate for the motion by sweeping the jaws for longitudinal motion and shifting the MLC leaves for transverse motion, and the calculations and measurements were repeated.ResultsA transverse step motion shifted the dose that was delivered after the step occurred, but otherwise did not impact the dose distribution. Film measurements agreed with dose calculations to within 2%/2 mm for 99% of dose points within the 50% isodose line. A shift in the MLC leaf delivery pattern successfully compensated for the step motion to within the 3 mm accuracy allowed by the finite leaf widths. A longitudinal step motion impacted the dose in the interior of the target volume to a degree that was dependent on the planning field width and step size. Film measurements agreed with dose calculations to within 2%/2 mm for 98% of dose points within the 50% isodose line. Shifts in the jaw position successfully compensated for the longitudinal step motion. Sinusoidal (breathing‐like) motion was also studied, with similar results.ConclusionsA research version of the clinical TomoTherapy dose calculator has been shown to accurately calculate the dose from treatment plans delivered in the presence of arbitrary rigid motion. Modifications to the delivery plan using jaw and MLC leaf shifts that follow the motion can successfully compensate for the target motion.
Cognitive functioning in the general population: Factor structure and association with mental disorders—The neuropsychological test battery of the mental health module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1‐MH)
Authors: Wagner Michael , Wolfsgruber Steffen , Gaertner Beate , Kleineidam Luca , Buttery Amanda K. , Jacobi Frank , Van der Elst Wim , Jolles Jelle , Hapke Ulfert , Wittchen Hans‐Ulrich , Maier Wolfgang , Busch Markus A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study is to obtain population level data about cognitive functions and their association with mental disorders. We here report factor analytic and psychometric findings of a neuropsychological test battery and examine the association of current and past mental disorders with cognitive function in a large nationwide population‐based sample of 18‐ to 79‐year‐old adults in Germany (n = 3,667) participating in the mental health module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults 2008–2011. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed verbal memory and executive function factors. Older age was strongly associated with lower verbal memory and executive function and with higher vocabulary scores. After adjustment for age, sex, and education, rather modest decrements were found for verbal memory (β = −.118, p = .002) and executive functions (β = −.191, p < .001) in participants with any current mental disorder (n = 442) compared to those without (n = 3,201). Small decrements in memory (β = −.064, p = .031) and executive function (β = −.111, p < .001) were found in participants with any mental disorder in the last 12 months but not in those with past (fully or partially remitted) mental disorders, compared to participants without a history of mental disorder. More fine‐grained analyses of these data will investigate the complex interplay between cognition, health behaviors, and specific mental and somatic diseases.
Demonstration of velocity selective myocardial arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging in humans
Authors: Jao Terrence R. , Nayak Krishna S. 
Published: November 2017

PurposeTransit delay is a potential source of error in cardiac arterial spin‐labeled (ASL) in heart failure or with collateral circulation. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using transit delay insensitive velocity selective ASL and compares its performance with flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) ASL.MethodsVelocity selective labeling was achieved using an adiabatic BIR8 preparation. FAIR and velocity‐selective ASL (VSASL) with various velocity cutoffs (VC = 10–40 cm/s) and labeling directions (anterior–posterior X, lateral–septal Y, and apical–basal Z) were carried out in 10 healthy volunteers (1F/9M age 23–30 y). Myocardial blood flow (MBF) and temporal signal‐to‐noise (TSNR) were measured.ResultsVSASL sensitivity to perfusion decreased with increasing VC. At low VC (<5 cm/s), spurious labeling of myocardium occurs and overestimates MBF. MBF measured with FAIR (1.12 ± 0.26 ml/g/min) and VASL (1.26 ± 0.27 ml/g/min) at VC of 10 cm/s in Z were comparable (TOST with difference of 0.30 ml/g/min, P = 0.049). TSNR was 2.8 times larger using FAIR (13.62 ± 5.25) than in VSASL (4.87 ± 1.58). VSASL was insensitive to perfusion in the Y direction. X and Z performed similarly with TSNR of 4.17 ± 2.32 and 3.97 ± 0.56, respectively.ConclusionVSASL is a promising alternative to FAIR ASL in the heart and is well suited for scenarios when transit delays are long. Magn Reson Med 80:272–278, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Evasion policies for a vessel being chased by pirate skiffs
Authors: Wang Yu , Qi Xiangtong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPiracy attack is a serious safety problem for maritime transport worldwide. Whilst various strategic actions can be taken, such as rerouting vessels and strengthening navy patrols, this still cannot completely eliminate the possibility of a piracy attack. It is therefore important for a commercial vessel to be equipped with operational solutions in case of piracy attacks. In particular, the choice of a direction for rapidly fleeing is a critical decision for the vessel. In this article, we formulate such a problem as a nonlinear optimal control problem. We consider various policies, such as maintaining a straight direction or making turns, develop algorithms to optimize the policies, and derive conditions under which these policies are effective and safe. Our work can be used as a real‐time decision making tool that enables a vessel master to evaluate different scenarios and quickly make decisions.
Multi‐dose drug dispensing as a tool to improve medication adherence: A study in patients using vitamin K antagonists
Authors: van Rein Nienke , de Geus Kristel S. , Cannegieter Suzanne C. , Reitsma Pieter H. , van der Meer Felix J.M. , Lijfering Willem M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeMulti‐dose drug dispensing (MDD) is a dosing aid that provides patients with disposable bags containing all drugs intended for 1 dosing moment. MDD is believed to increase medication adherence, but studies are based on self‐reported data, and results may depend on socially desirable answers. Therefore, our purpose was to determine the effect of MDD on medication adherence in non‐adherent patients taking vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), and to compare with instructing patients on medication use.MethodsWe conducted a before‐after study in non‐adherent patients where MDD was the exposure and change in adherence after MDD initiation was the outcome (within patient comparison). Time in therapeutic range (TTR) was selected as a measure for adherence, as this reflects stability of VKA treatment. To analyze whether MDD improved adherence as compared with standard care (ie, letters or calls from nurses of the anticoagulation clinic), non‐adherent patients without MDD were also followed to estimate their TTR change over time (between patient comparison).ResultsEighty‐three non‐adherent VKA patients started using MDD. The median TTR was 63% before MDD and 73% 6 months after MDD. The within patient TTR increased on average by 13% (95%CI 6% to 21%) within 1 month after starting MDD and remained stable during the next 5 months. The TTR of MDD‐patients increased 10% (95%CI 2% to 19%) higher as compared with non‐MDD patients within 1 month but was similar after 4 months (TTR difference 3%, 95%CI –2% to 9%).ConclusionsAdherence improved after initiation of MDD. Compared with instructing patients, MDD was associated with better adherence within 1 month but was associated with similar improvement after 4 months.
Tailoring the mechanical properties of nanoparticle networks that encompass biomimetic catch bonds
Authors: Zhang Tao , Mbanga Badel L. , Yashin Victor V. , Balazs Anna C. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTBiological “catch” bonds display the distinctive attribute that the bond lifetime can increase under an applied force. Insertion of biomimetic catch bonds into hybrid materials could lead to composites that exhibit remarkable mechanical properties. We model the tensile behavior of polymer‐grafted nanoparticle (PGN) networks interconnected by a mixture of catch bonds and conventional “slip” bonds, whose lifetimes decrease with force. We formulate a kinetic master equation that provides the complete probabilistic description of a system of two PGNs. The master equation is used to analyze the parameter space that determines the rupture behavior of the catch bonds in the two‐particle system. We then utilize two exemplary sets of catch bond parameters in three‐dimensional computer simulations of larger PGN networks under strain‐controlled tensile deformation. We demonstrate that the strain at break and toughness of the networks can be altered by “tuning” the attributes of the catch bonds and varying the fraction of catch bonds in the network. We show that networks encompassing the catch bonds could exhibit a several‐fold increase in the strain‐at‐break and toughness relative to those interconnected solely by the slip bonds. Our studies can provide valuable guidelines for tailoring the mechanical properties of novel, bio‐inspired nanocomposites. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 105–118