bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potato RNA metabolism machinery is targeted by the cyst nematode effector RHA1B for successful parasitism
Authors: Huang Li , Yuan Yulin , Ramirez Chloe , Xia Chao , Zhang Cankui , Kud Joanna , Kuhl Joseph C , Caplan Allan , Dandurand Louise-Marie , Xiao Fangming 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The potato (Solanum tuberosum) cyst nematode Globodera pallida induces a multinucleate feeding site (syncytium) in potato roots as its sole source of nutrition. Here, we demonstrate that the G. pallida effector RING-H2 finger A1b (RHA1B), which is a functional ubiquitin ligase, interferes with the carbon catabolite repression 4 (CCR4)-negative on TATA-less (NOT) deadenylase-based RNA metabolism machinery that regulates syncytium development in G. pallida-infected potato. Specifically, RHA1B targets the CCR4-associated factor 1 (CAF1) and StNOT10 subunits of the CCR4-NOT complex for proteasome-mediated degradation, leading to upregulation of the cyclin gene StCycA2 involved in syncytium formation. The StCAF1 subunit of CCR4-NOT recruits the RNA binding protein StPUM5 to deadenylate StCycA2 mRNA, resulting in shortened poly-A tails of StCycA2 mRNA and subsequently reduced transcript levels. Knockdown of either subunit (StCAF1 or StNOT10) of the CCR4-NOT complex or StPUM5 in transgenic potato plants resulted in enlarged syncytia and enhanced susceptibility to G. pallida infection, which resembles the phenotypes of StCycA2 overexpression transgenic potato plants. Genetic analyses indicate that transgenic potato plants overexpressing RHA1B exhibit similar phenotypes as transgenic potato plants with knockdown of StNOT10, StCAF1, or StPUM5. Thus, our data suggest that G. pallida utilizes the RHA1B effector to manipulate RNA metabolism in host plants, thereby promoting syncytium development for parasitic success.
A glutathione S-transferase regulates lignin biosynthesis and enhances salt tolerance in tomato
Authors: Yuan Luqiao , Dang Jiao , Zhang Jiayue , Wang Linyang , Zheng Hao , Li Guobin , Li Junxiao , Zhou Fan , Khan Abid , Zhang Zhengda , Hu Xiaohui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Salt stress adversely affects the growth and yield of crops. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in plant growth and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, 400 mm NaCl stress significantly induced the expression of Glutathione S-transferase U43 (SlGSTU43) in the roots of the wild-type tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants. Overexpressing SlGSTU43 enhanced the ability of scavenging reactive oxygen species in tomato leaves and roots under NaCl stress, while SlGSTU43 knock-out mutants showed the opposite performance. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that overexpressing SlGSTU43 affected the expression of genes related to lignin biosynthesis. We demonstrated that SlGSTU43 can regulate the lignin content in tomato through its interaction with SlCOMT2, a key enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis, and promote the growth of tomato plants under NaCl stress. In addition, SlMYB71 and SlWRKY8 interact each other, and can directly bind to the promoter of SlGSTU43 to transcriptionally activate its expression separately or in combination. When SlMYB71 and SlWRKY8 were silenced in tomato plants individually or collectively, the plants were sensitive to NaCl stress, and their GST activities and lignin contents decreased. Our research indicates that SlGSTU43 can enhance salt stress tolerance in tomato by regulating lignin biosynthesis, which is regulated by interacting with SlCOMT2, as well as SlMYB71 and SlWRKY8. This finding broadens our understanding of GST functions.
Cardiovascular presentations during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Sritharan Hari Prakash , Nguyen Harrison , Allahwala Usaid Khalil , Bhindi Ravinay 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The broader implications of the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on cardiovascular hospitalizations remain unclear. We aimed to assess trends in cardiovascular presentations during the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Methods
This multicentre study examined cardiovascular presentations from March 2018 to February 2023. Patients with cardiovascular presentations were identified through administrative health records using ICD-10-AM diagnosis codes. Four key study periods were analysed: T0—pre-pandemic, T1—first lockdown, T2—easing of restrictions and T3—release of restrictions and widespread vaccination. Interrupted time series analysis was used to predict weekly cardiovascular presentations, with the mean difference between actual and predicted numbers assessed for significance.

Results
Overall, 116 518 patients were included across three major public hospitals in Australia. Cardiovascular presentations were significantly lower in T1 than predicted, with a mean decline of 13.1% (SD 16.2%; P = 0.004). There was a significant difference between the expected and actual number of most cardiovascular presentations in T2 and T3, apart from a significant reduction in cardiomyopathy and heart failure presentations during T3 (4.5% [SD 23.7%]; P = 0.007).

Conclusions
Cardiovascular presentations were significantly lower during the initial lockdown phase of the COVID-19 pandemic; this attenuated with easing of social restrictions and widespread vaccination, except for persistent reduction in cardiomyopathy and heart failure presentations.
Measuring and Mitigating Racial Disparities in Tax Audits
Authors: Elzayn Hadi , Smith Evelyn , Hertz Thomas , Guage Cameron , Ramesh Arun , Fisher Robin , Ho Daniel E , Goldin Jacob 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Tax authorities around the world rely on audits to detect underreported tax liabilities and to verify that taxpayers qualify for the benefits they claim. We study differences in Internal Revenue Service audit rates between Black and non-Black taxpayers. Because neither we nor the IRS observe taxpayer race, we propose and use a novel partial identification strategy to estimate these differences. Despite race-blind audit selection, we find that Black taxpayers are audited at 2.9 to 4.7 times the rate of non-Black taxpayers. An important driver of the disparity is differing audit rates by race among taxpayers claiming the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). Using counterfactual audit selection models to explore why the disparity arises, we find that maximizing the detection of underreported taxes would not lead to Black EITC claimants being audited at higher rates. Rather, the audit disparity among EITC claimants stems largely from a policy decision to prioritize detecting overclaims of refundable credits over other forms of noncompliance. Modifying the audit selection algorithm to target total underreported taxes while holding fixed the number of audited EITC claimants would reduce the share of audited taxpayers who are Black and would lead to more audits focused on accurate reporting of business income and deductions, fewer audits focused on the eligibility of claimed dependents, higher per audit costs, and more detected noncompliance.
Viral antibody response predicts morbidity and mortality in alcohol-associated hepatitis
Authors: Hsu Cynthia L. , Wang Limin , Maestri Evan , Jacob Aleesha R. , Do Whitney L. , Mayo Susan , Bosques-Padilla Francisco , Verna Elizabeth C. , Abraldes Juan G. , Brown Jr. Robert S. , Vargas Victor , Altamirano Jose , Caballería Juan , Shawcross Debbie L. , Louvet Alexandre , Lucey Michael R. , Mathurin Philippe , Garcia-Tsao Guadalupe , Stärkel Peter , Bataller Ramon , Investigators AlcHepNet , Wang Xin W. , Schnabl Bernd 
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:
Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is associated with very high mortality despite abstinence from alcohol; up to 40% of patients die within 6 months of diagnosis. Patients with AH are especially prone to infections, which can lead to multiorgan dysfunction and poorer prognosis.

Approach and Results:
We performed comprehensive serological profiling of the viral and bacterial infection history of 36 healthy controls, 48 patients with alcohol use disorder, and 224 patients with AH from 2 multicenter observational studies. We used systematic viral and bacterial epitope scanning by VirScan, a phage-display immunoprecipitation and sequencing technology that detects the peptides recognized by antibodies in patient sera, to comprehensively analyze antiviral and antibacterial antibodies and identify serologic biomarkers to predict patient outcomes. We found significant differences in the serological profiles of the 3 populations. The number of serum antibody epitopes in patients with alcohol use disorder during abstinence was increased compared with during active alcohol use. A decreased number and diversity of viral and bacterial antibody targets were detected in the sera of patients with AH, particularly those with a higher Child-Pugh score. In patients with AH, a decrease in the serum antiviral, but not antibacterial, antibody repertoire was associated with decompensation and mortality. Ninety-day mortality in AH could be predicted using a serum viral epitope signature.

Conclusions:
Abstinence from alcohol is associated with a significant increase in serum viral and bacterial antibody response. Decreased serum antiviral antibody repertoire is predictive of decompensation of liver disease and mortality in patients with AH.
TIPE2 protein restrains invariant NKT activation and protects against immune-mediated hepatitis in mice
Authors: Song Miaomiao , Wang Han , Tian Xueqin , Gao Jingtao , Song Chen , Zhao Yuxin , Jiang Shan , Lu Wei , Guo Cun , Lv Yang , Zhao Peiqing , Li Chuang , Song Xiangfeng , Chang Tingmin , Lou Yunwei , Wang Hui 
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:
Concanavalin A (ConA) administration induces rapid and severe liver injury in mice, and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are recognized to be the key effector cells in this process. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not well defined.

Approach and Results:
We found that iNKT cells constitutively expressed TIPE2 (tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like 2, or TNFAIPL2). Genetic TIPE2 ablation strongly sensitized mice to ConA-induced hepatitis, accompanied by hyperactivation of iNKT cells. Moreover, Tipe2

−/−
mice were also more susceptible to α-galactosylceramide-induced liver injury, with elevated serum ALT levels and enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production. CD1d signaling blockade or iNKT cell elimination through antibodies reduced the effect of TIPE2 deficiency on liver injury. Mechanistic studies revealed that TIPE2 in iNKT cells functioned as a negative regulator, limiting iNKT cell activity and cytokine production through PIP3- AKT/mTOR pathway. TIPE2-mediated protection from liver injury was further validated by the administration of adeno-associated viruses expressing TIPE2, which effectively ameliorated ConA-induced hepatic injury. However, TIPE2 was dispensable in 2 other liver injury models, including D-GalN/LPS and acetaminophen-induced hepatitis.

Conclusions:
Our findings reveal a new role of TIPE2 in the attenuation of iNKT cell-mediated hepatic injury. We propose that TIPE2 serves as an important regulator of immune homeostasis in the liver and might be exploited for the therapeutic treatment of autoimmune liver diseases.
MERTK Inhibitor Associated Retinal Toxicity in a Human
Authors: Caldwell Anne Strong , Milner Dallin C , Mehta Nihaal B , Marin Alejandro I , Gill Zafar S. , Manoharan Niranjan 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
The MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MERTK) helps maintain the homeostasis of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). Additionally, MERTK regulates the innate immune system. As such inhibition of MERTK has gained recent interest as a target for cancer therapeutics. Herein, we present on MERTK inhibitor associated retinal toxicity in a human.

Methods:
A 43-year-old male with past medical history of esophageal adenocarcinoma was enrolled in a trial studying the MERTK inhibitor PF-07265807. As part of the study protocol, the patient was seen every two to three weeks for dilated fundus exams and ancillary testing. Data on the patient’s relevant past medical history, ophthalmic exam findings, and imaging performed at baseline and subsequent ophthalmology visits was obtained via retrospective chart review.

Results:
At the patient’s baseline visit, his dilated exam and testing were normal. Seven months after starting the MERTK inhibitor the patient developed subtle but reproducible signs of retinal toxicity with disruption of the extrafoveal ellipsoid zone on optical coherence tomography and extrafoveal hyper-autofluorescence on short wavelength fundus autofluorescence. The patient’s vision remained stable throughout the study; however, the medication was stopped due to the unknown ocular effects as well as progression of the patient’s cancer.

Discussion:
Patients taking MERTK inhibitors should be monitored by an ophthalmologist while on the drug. If toxicity develops, discussion of whether to continue the medication should take place between the patient, ophthalmologist, and oncologist, with consideration of the risks of vision loss versus benefits of taking the medication from a cancer perspective.
Digital vs manual axis marking for toric phakic intraocular lens alignment: prospective randomized intraindividual trial
Authors: List Wolfgang , Dirisamer Martin , Mayer Wolfgang Johann , Shajari Mehdi , Glatz Wilfried , Gran Jakob , Wedrich Andreas , Steinwender Gernot 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To compare visual and refractive outcomes and postoperative axis alignment for toric implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation in astigmatic myopia using manual vs digital marking techniques.

Setting:
Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

Design:
Prospective randomized single-centered intraindividual comparison.

Methods:
Patients undergoing bilateral toric ICL implantation for myopia with astigmatism ≥0.5 diopters (D) were enrolled. Patients received both marking techniques, and randomization was performed. Postoperative retroillumination photography assessed axis alignment, and visual and refractive parameters were evaluated. Duration of the surgeries was recorded.

Results:
The study included 20 patients and 40 eyes. Preoperative visual and refractive parameters showed no significant differences. Postoperatively, residual astigmatism (P = .824) and spherical equivalent (P = .309) were comparable. No notable differences between right and left eyes in preoperative (P = .371) and postoperative (P = .824) astigmatism were observed. Although slight, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) increased in both groups postoperatively (P = .381). Gain in CDVA was comparable between marking techniques (P = .637). Safety and efficacy indices were comparable (P = .991 and P = .189, respectively). Postoperative axial misalignment was 2.8 ± 3.1 degrees in the digital- and 4.4 ± 5.1 degrees in the manual group (P = .260). Vector analysis showed no significant differences between manual and digital marking. Duration remained uninfluenced by the marking technique (P = .970) and side of surgery (P = .682).

Conclusions:
Digital and manual marking techniques provided comparable results in axis alignment, surgical duration, and visual and refractive outcomes. Both methods were viable for precise axis alignment, with digital marking offering a potential advantage in efficacy.
Nursing Work Engagement, Professional Quality of Life, and Intent to Leave: A Structural Equation Modeling Pathway Analysis
Authors: WEI Holly , CAO Yan , CARROLL Quinton , WEI Aaron , RICHARDSON Sherry , NWOKOCHA Tricia , MCINTOSH Jennifer , HARDIN Sonya Renae 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Work engagement, professional quality of life (ProQOL), and intent to leave (ITL) significantly impact organizational behaviors and outcomes. Understanding the complex interrelationships among nurse work engagement, ProQOL, and ITL is essential for improving nurse retention, job satisfaction, and patient outcomes. In previous investigations, work engagement, ProQOL, and ITL relationships have primarily been analyzed individually. A more integrated approach is needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of these factors in the nursing profession.

Purpose
This study was designed to evaluate the interrelationships among work engagement, ProQOL (compassion satisfaction [CS], burnout, and secondary traumatic stress [STS]), and ITL in nurses using structural equation modeling path analysis.

Methods
This was a quantitative descriptive study. Data were collected from registered nurses in the United States (n = 900) using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the ProQOL-5 (CS, burnout, and STS), and a demographics datasheet (including a one-item ITL question). The proposed theoretical model, incorporating major constructs, was tested using structural equation modeling.

Results
Level of work engagement in nurses impacts ITL through ProQOL. Among the mediating variables, burnout (0.31) had the largest total effect on ITL, followed by STS (0.12) and CS (−0.12). Burnout and STS were found to correlate with ITL directly, whereas CS was found to correlate with ITL indirectly.

Conclusions
Promoting work engagement, addressing burnout and STS, and fostering CS can positively influence nurse retention and job satisfaction, ultimately improving patient care quality. Healthcare leaders and policymakers should implement strategies to enhance nurse engagement, reduce burnout, and cultivate compassion satisfaction to increase nurse retention and improve organizational outcomes.
Dementia Training for Nurses in Acute Care Settings: Impacts and Barriers
Authors: LIN Pei-Chao , HSU Shao-Yun , CHEN Chang-Chun , WUNG Shu-Fen 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
The provision of consistent, high-quality dementia care training for healthcare professionals in acute care hospital settings has been largely overlooked until recent years.

Purpose
This study was designed to investigate the effect of current healthcare professional dementia care training courses on related knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy in hospital nurses and to understand their training-related experiences, willingness, and perceived barriers.

Methods
Using a cross-sectional design, 201 nurses were recruited from a teaching medical center in Taiwan. A questionnaire was developed by the researchers to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy related to caring for people with dementia and to elucidate participant experiences and preferences regarding dementia care training courses. Five academic and clinical dementia care experts held three content validity evaluation rounds for the developed questionnaire. Inferential statistics were used to compare the knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy related to caring for people with dementia between participants who had and had not attended a dementia care training course.

Results
Nearly all (96.5%) of the participants had prior experience caring for people with dementia, but only 25.9% and 7.0% respectively reported haven taken basic and advanced healthcare professional dementia care training courses. Those who had taken either the basic or advanced course earned higher mean knowledge scores than those who had taken neither (p = .009 and p = .027, respectively). Time constraints and scheduling conflicts were identified as the major barriers to attending dementia care training (n = 164, 81.6%).

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
The participants who had attended either the basic or advanced healthcare professional dementia care training course were found to have better dementia care knowledge than those who had not. Stakeholders should work to further reduce the barriers faced by nurses to attending essential dementia care training.
Who’s Behind the Wheel? Work and Health Backgrounds of New Transit Bus Operators
Authors: Olson Ryan , Stoffregen Stacy A. , Bauer Talya N. , Wipfli Brad , Anger W. Kent , Bodner Todd , Graven Peter , McHill Andrew W. , Donovan Courtney 
Published: September 2024

Objective
Investigate new bus operators’ (N = 293) occupational and health backgrounds to inform how transit authorities can support their future health and job success.

Methods
New bus operators completed surveys and direct measurements that addressed demographics, work history, and 10 health risk factors.

Results
Participants averaged 42.76 years of age and were predominantly male (73.5%). Many (45.7%) came from minority backgrounds and most (66.3%) had no prior commercial driving experience. Transportation and material moving occupations were operators’ most common prior jobs followed by protective service, and sales and related occupations. Study-specific criteria classified operators as having low (49.5%), medium (37.9%), and high (12.6%) health risk levels.

Conclusions
About half of the sample had medium-to-high health risks and most lacked commercial driving experience. Such information may help employers proactively support new bus operators’ health and job success.
A Longitudinal Study on the Impact of Working From Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Graham Melissa , Weale Victoria , Lambert Katrina A. , Kinsman Natasha , Stuckey Rwth , Oakman Jodi 
Published: September 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to examine the impact of working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic on general health, stress, work–family, and family–work conflict over-time and identify differences by gender and parental status.

Methods
Trajectory analyses described outcomes over time. Multinomial logistic regression relates the effects of gender, children, and the interaction between them, on group membership based on the latent class growth analyses.

Results
Not all trajectories followed the expected cubic pattern. Females had less family–work conflict (high/low: OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.17–0.66; moderate/low OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.20–0.67). Children increased the odds of family–work conflict (high/low: OR = 8.48, 95% CI: 3.38–21.25; moderate/low OR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.63–5.43). Work–family conflict was worse for those with children (high-to-moderate decline/low-stable: OR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.25–5.41).

Conclusions
Work from home has implications for health and well-being of employees with differences based on gender and parental status for stress, work–family, and family–work conflict.
An Assessment of Neonatal Nurses’ Knowledge and Provision of Child Passenger Safety Information
Authors: Davis Tiffany L. , Chappelow Michelle L. , Heflin Heidi D. , O’Neil Joseph , Zonfrillo Mark R. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Nurses who care for newborn infants in the hospital have an opportunity to serve as a resource for child passenger safety (CPS). Literature lacks information on what CPS knowledge and provision of information exists for neonatal nurses.

Objective:
In this study, we assessed neonatal nurses’ knowledge and provision of CPS information.

Methods:
The study design included an adapted, cross-sectional, and anonymous survey. A generic survey link was distributed to National Association of Neonatal Nurses’ members. Descriptive and univariate analyses were used to summarize the data.

Results:
One hundred thirteen registered nurses working in the hospital, representing 27 states, completed the survey. Approximately 38.1% (N = 43) “high knowledge” respondents answered 2 scenario-based and 3 knowledge-based CPS questions correctly. Nurses addressed CPS for parents/caregivers during newborn hospitalization through car seat tolerance screenings (85.8%), verbal education or answering questions (83.2%), and providing a pamphlet or handout (52.2%). Barriers to providing CPS recommendations were nursing staff not being trained in CPS (55.8%), perceived liability (50.4%), and lack of understanding/unaware of CPS guidelines (47.8%).

Conclusion:
Neonatal nurses can benefit from CPS training and hospital policies which outline nurse expectations and liabilities.