bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ‘Soul steady and collected’
Authors: McGhee Michael 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Religion passes beyond the ken, the horizon, of reason, with faith its continuation, Coleridge tells us. Chapter 15 reflects on Coleridge’s illuminating metaphor of twilight, night, and the starry heavens to see how the experiential forms it draws on can affect our understanding of terms like ‘reason’ and ‘faith’. Tentatively suppressing those terms, it concentrates on the metaphor and the experience, to see where they lead without the leash of orthodox doctrine controlling the interpretation. Preserving ‘the Soul steady and concentered in its Trance of inward Adoration’ is the crucial experience. Twilight stealing into darkness and into night suggests progressing stillness, its associated concentration opening up a real prospect, the starry heavens, ordinarily concealed by the light of day and quotidian clamour. A reflection on Buddhist meditational traditions is included; concentration or samadhi as a condition of awakening, seeing things as they are, associated with ‘compassion’ or karuna.
The Will to Faith
Authors: Naohara Noriko 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Chapter 16 explores Coleridgean contemplation as ‘an inward Beholding having a similar relation to the Intelligible or Spiritual, as sense has to the Material or Phenomenal’. Though the development of his religious thinking involves much conflict between rationalism and faith, Coleridge retained Christian spirituality and this definition of Reason indicates his confidence about the human mind intuiting God as spiritual substance. His idea of language is similar to St Augustine’s, and he thinks that human speech could denote the divine Word as Augustine shows in The Trinity. Coleridge suggests that the generative process of human language is guided by the Will longing for redemption by Christ. Reason will return towards God supported by the aspiring Will that would move towards the divine Word, or Reason in its objective sense. His theology is that of waiting on God and it shows us a significant guide to faith in a post-Kantian era.
What is Rhetoric?
Authors: Meyer Michel 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
What Is Rhetoric? offers a new synthesis of the principles and functioning of rhetoric. In everyday life, questions are often debated or simply discussed. Rhetoric is the way we answer questions in an interpersonal context, in which we want to have an effect on our interlocutors. These interlocutors can be convinced or charmed, persuaded or influenced, and the language used can range from reasoning to the use of narratives, whether literary or not. This book purports to be a breakthrough in the field by offering a systematic and unified view of rhetoric. It combines the social aspects of negotiation and interpersonal distance with the theory of emotions. All principal authors from Plato and Aristotle to contemporary theorists are integrated in what is here called the “problematological” conception of rhetoric, based on the primacy of questioning and answering in language and thought.
Rhetoric and argumentation: the unity of the field
Authors: Meyer Michel 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Rhetoric has always been torn between the rhetoric of figures and the rhetoric of conflicts or arguments, as if rhetoric were exclusively one or the other. This is a false dilemma. Both types of rhetoric hinge on the same structure. A common formula is provided in Chapter 3 which unifies rhetoric stricto sensu and rhetoric as argumentation as two distinct but related strategies adopted according to the level of problematicity of the questions at stake, thereby giving unity to the field called “Rhetoric.” Highly problematic questions require arguments to justify their answers; non-divisive ones can be treated rhetorically through their answers as if they were self-evident. Another classic problem is how to understand the difference between logic and rhetoric. The difference between the two is due to the presence of questions explicitly answered in the premises in logic and only suggested (or remaining indeterminate) in rhetoric.
The common operators in figures and arguments
Authors: Meyer Michel 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
There are four basic operators common to figurative speech and argumentation—approval, disapproval, and between the two, modification and addition. These operate at different levels: as identity, difference, inference, and opposition; as metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony; and they can also define the four possible types of audience responses. Four sets of operators, =, +, ±, and – span the spectrum from acquiescence to rejection, and correspond to four types of audiences which perform these acts of adherence, requalification, addition, and contradiction. These four basic operators can already be found in Aristotle, but they are also present in contemporary rhetoric (e.g. the General Rhetoric of the Group Mu). Figures and arguments, though different, are for the same reason divided into four basic classes.
The elements of rhetoric stricto sensu: the figures of speech
Authors: Meyer Michel 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
After argumentation comes figurative speech. How many elementary figures should we accept? Four classes of figures, three in the figures of language and one in the figures of thought have given rise to a variety of more or less scholastic catalogs we must learn to set aside. The four basic operators cross over into the four classes of figures and engender the most basic list of possible and necessary figures. This analysis of figurative speech is the springboard into literary rhetoric. Four basic figures are sufficient to derive all others, superseding the impasse created by all past treatises of rhetoric which have disagreed on the right catalog to establish. Chapter 6 settles this question by going back to the classic distinction: figures of sound, figures of grammar, tropes, and figures of thought (Quintilian), corresponding to the four basic operators of thought.
The rhetoric of the arts
Authors: Meyer Michel 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Chapter 8 extends the problematological approach to the arts and their rhetoric, identifying the complementary structure of all the arts, literary or plastic. Literature is then included in a broader scheme. Novels, poetry, drama, but also architecture, sculpture, and painting are structurally related according to the emphasis they put on ethos, pathos, or logos. The duality of figurative language and realistic language is essential to the understanding of the history of arts and to their internal evolution. This duality gives rise to new arts when the figurative modes of speech have been exhausted—theater in France, baroque painting in Italy—or opera as the counterpart of the two, as it arose in response to the figurative language of music in Germany, where opera was first banned for being too representational according to the Protestant ethic of the eighteenth century.
Functional capacity depends on lower limb muscle strength rather than on abdominal obesity in active postmenopausal women
Authors: Dulac Maude C. , Carvalho Livia Pinheiro , Aubertin-Leheudre Mylène 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Objective:
An association has been found between abdominal obesity and functional capacity (FC) in the literature where waist circumference has been used to infer abdominal obesity. However, most studies focused on evaluating predictors of FC and functional disabilities only in sedentary people. This study aimed to examine whether abdominal obesity is associated with FC in physically active postmenopausal women.

Methods:
Forty-four active (>7,500 steps/d) postmenopausal women were recruited. Body composition and distribution (DXA), FC (chair-stand/alternate-step/one-leg-stance), handgrip strength and knee extensor strength (dynamometry), steps/d (accelerometer), and cardiorespiratory function (spirometry/VO2max) were measured. The cohort was divided into groups based on a FC score (1-4 scale using quartiles). Pearson's correlation, t test, and linear regression were applied using SPSS (17.0).

Results:
There was no correlation for body composition or BMI with FC score. However, waist circumference (r = −0.34, P = 0.024), handgrip (r = 0.32, P = 0.036), knee extensor strength (r = 0.43, P = 0.003), and VO2max (r = 0.41, P = 0.006) were significantly correlated with FC score. In addition, when the highest quartile group was compared with the lowest one, a significant difference was observed for knee extensor strength (P = 0.003), which was also the only variable inserted into the FC prediction equation derived from the stepwise regression model (r
2 = 0.19, F = 9.582, P = 0.003).

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate an association between abdominal obesity and FC in active postmenopausal women and that the strongest association and the best predictor of FC was lower limb muscle strength. Thus, active postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity may not necessarily have a reduced FC if lower limb muscle strength is preserved.
Effects of oral versus transdermal menopausal hormone treatments on self-reported sleep domains and their association with vasomotor symptoms in recently menopausal women enrolled in the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS)
Authors: Cintron Dahima , Lahr Brian D. , Bailey Kent R. , Santoro Nanette , Lloyd Robin , Manson JoAnn E. , Neal-Perry Genevieve , Pal Lubna , Taylor Hugh S. , Wharton Whitney , Naftolin Fredrick , Harman S. Mitchell , Miller Virginia M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Objective:
This study determined whether two different formulations of hormone therapy (HT): oral conjugated equine estrogens (o-CEE; 0.45 mg/d, n = 209), transdermal 17β-estradiol (t-E2; 50 μg/d, n = 201) plus cyclic progesterone (Prometrium, 200 mg) or placebo (PBO, n = 243) affected sleep domains in participants of the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study.

Methods:
Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at baseline and during the intervention at 6, 18, 36, and 48 months. Global sleep quality and individual sleep domain scores were compared between treatments using analysis of covariance, and correlated with vasomotor symptom (VMS) scores using Spearman correlation coefficients.

Results:
Global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores (mean 6.3; 24% with score >8) were similar across groups at baseline and were reduced (improved sleep quality) by both HT (average change −1.27 [o-CEE] and −1.32 [t-E2]) when compared with PBO (−0.60; P = 0.001 [o-CEE vs PBO] and P = 0.002 [t-E2 vs PBO]). Domain scores for sleep satisfaction and latency improved with both HT. The domain score for sleep disturbances improved more with t-E2 than o-CEE or PBO. Global sleep scores significantly correlated with VMS severity (r
s = 0.170, P < 0.001 for hot flashes; r
s = 0.177, P < 0.001 for night sweats). Change in scores for all domains except sleep latency and sleep efficiency correlated with change in severity of VMS.

Conclusions:
Poor sleep quality is common in recently menopausal women. Sleep quality improved with both HT formulations. The relationship of VMS with domains of sleep suggests that assessing severity of symptoms and domains of sleep may help direct therapy to improve sleep for postmenopausal women.
Different features of the histopathological subtypes of ovarian tumors in pre- and postmenopausal women
Authors: Jung Eun Jung , Eom Hye Mi , Byun Jung Mi , Kim Young Nam , Lee Kyung Bok , Sung Moon Su , Kim Ki Tae , Jeong Dae Hoon 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Objective:
To date, epidemiological evidence has consistently supported a link between ovarian cancer risk and menopause. However, little is known about how menopause status affects the risk of specific histological subtypes of ovarian tumors. We aimed to analyze the differences in various histopathological subtypes of ovarian tumors between pre- and postmenopausal women.

Methods:
We reviewed the medical records of women who underwent surgery for ovarian tumors and received histopathological confirmation at the Busan Paik Hospital between January 1997 and October 2016. Pathological findings were regrouped according to 2014 World Health Organization (WHO) classification and subdivided into the following five main categories: epithelial, germ cell, sex cord-stromal, tumor-like lesions, and secondary tumors.

Results:
A total of 4,683 cases (3,404 premenopausal and 1,279 postmenopausal) were included in this study. Among the 4,683 neoplasms, epithelial tumors accounted for 52.6%, germ cell tumors for 27.1%, sex cord-stromal tumors (SCSTs) for 4.1%, tumor-like lesions for 14.0%, and secondary tumors for 0.8%. Among the epithelial tumors, malignant epithelial tumors were significantly associated with postmenopausal women (5.4% vs 22.1%, P < 0.0001), whereas benign epithelial tumors were significantly associated with premenopausal women (40.5% vs 31.9%, P < 0.0001). Among the 1,271 cases of germ cell tumors, most (97.6%) were benign mature teratoma and 2.4% were malignant germ cell tumors. Germ cell tumors were noted more frequently in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women (31.3% vs 16.1%, P < 0.0001). Among the 194 cases of SCSTs, fibrothecoma was the most common (71.6%) followed by adult granulosa cell tumor (12.9%). The majority of SCSTs occurred in postmenopausal women (2.1% vs 9.5%, P < 0.0001). Among the 656 cases of tumor-like ovarian lesions, corpus luteum cyst was the most common (31.9%) followed by tubo-ovarian abscess (27.6%). Tumor-like ovarian lesions were significantly associated with premenopausal women (15.2% vs 10.7%, P = 0.0001). Among the 36 cases of secondary tumors, 66.7% of the metastatic ovarian tumors were Krukenberg tumors. There was no significant difference in the incidence of secondary tumors between the groups.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated the differences in diverse histological subtypes of ovarian tumors according to the menopause status based on the new WHO classification for Korean women.
Using Electrically-evoked Compound Action Potentials to Estimate Perceptive Levels in Experienced Adult Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Joly Charles-Alexandre , Péan Vincent , Hermann Ruben , Seldran Fabien , Thai-Van Hung , Truy Eric 
Published: August 2017

Hypothesis:
The cochlear implant (CI) fitting level prediction accuracy of electrically-evoked compound action potential (ECAP) should be enhanced by the addition of demographic data in models.

Introduction:
No accurate automated fitting of CI based on ECAP has yet been proposed.

Methods:
We recorded ECAP in 45 adults who had been using MED-EL CIs for more than 11 months and collected the most comfortable loudness level (MCL) used for CI fitting (prog-MCL), perception thresholds (meas-THR), and MCL (meas-MCL) measured with the stimulation used for ECAP recording. Linear mixed models taking into account cochlear site factors were computed to explain prog-MCL, meas-MCL, and meas-THR.

Results:
Cochlear region and ECAP threshold were predictors of the three levels. In addition, significant predictors were the ECAP amplitude for the prog-MCL and the duration of deafness for the prog-MCL and the meas-THR. Estimations were more accurate for the meas-THR, then the meas-MCL, and finally the prog-MCL.

Conclusion:
These results show that 1) ECAP thresholds are more closely related to perception threshold than to comfort level, 2) predictions are more accurate when the inter-subject and cochlear regions variations are considered, and 3) differences between the stimulations used for ECAP recording and for CI fitting make it difficult to accurately predict the prog-MCL from the ECAP recording. Predicted prog-MCL could be used as bases for fitting but should be used with care to avoid any uncomfortable or painful stimulation.
Advantages of Routine Ultrasound Combined With Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Diagnosing Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Li Fengsheng , Wang Yunmei , Bai Baoyan , Wang Shengli , Liu Shuguang 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the advantages of routine ultrasound (US), contrast-enhanced US (CEUS), and the combination of these 2 methods in diagnosing papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We subjected 89 patients with calcified thyroid nodules to conventional US and CEUS and then retrospectively analyzed the US and CEUS features of 89 patients with single, solid PTC. On this basis, we then evaluated the ability of US, CEUS, and their combination to diagnose PTC. In the 89 patients with thyroid nodules, US findings differed significantly from CEUS findings (P < 0.05). In the US group, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 87.5%, 78.8%, and 88.0%, respectively; in the CEUS group, these values were 92.9% (P < 0.05), 87.9% (P < 0.05), and 92.9% (P < 0.05), respectively; and when the methods were combined, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 96.7%, 92.7%, and 94.9%, respectively. A typical PTC nodule can be definitively diagnosed using US and CEUS; more specifically, the features of slow progression, late enhancement, and low enhancement were highly associated with a diagnosis of PTC. When these features were combined, they exhibited higher diagnostic performance than any individual method.
Analysis of Orbital Volume Measurements Following Reduction and Internal Fixation Using Absorbable Mesh Plates and Screws for Patients With Orbital Floor Blowout Fractures
Authors: Hwang Won Joo , Lee Do Heon , Choi Won , Hwang Jae Ha , Kim Kwang Seog , Lee Sam Yong 
Published: August 2017

Introduction:
Hinge-shaped fractures are common type of orbital floor blowout fractures, for which reduction and internal fixation is ideal. Nonetheless, orbital floor reconstruction using alloplastic materials without reducing the number of bone fragments is the most frequently used procedure. Therefore, this study analyzed and compared the outcomes between open reduction and internal fixation using absorbable mesh plates and screws, and orbital floor reconstruction, by measuring the orbital volume before and after surgery.

Method:
Among patients with orbital floor blowout fractures, this study was conducted on 28 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation, and 27 patients who underwent orbital floor reconstruction from December 2008 to September 2015. The mechanism of injury, ophthalmic symptoms before and after surgery, and the degree of enophthalmos were examined; subsequently, the volumes of the affected and unaffected sides were measured before and after surgery based on computed tomography images. This study compared the degree of recovery in the correction rate of the orbital volume, ophthalmic symptoms, and enophthalmos between the 2 groups.

Result:
The patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation, and the patients who underwent orbital floor reconstruction showed average correction rates of 100.36% and 105.24%, respectively. Open reduction and internal fixation showed statistically, significantly superior treatment outcomes compared with orbital floor reconstruction. The ophthalmic symptoms and incidence of enophthalmos completely resolved in both groups.

Conclusion:
For orbital floor blowout fractures, open reduction and internal fixation using absorbable mesh plates and screws was a feasible alternative to orbital floor reconstruction.
Prediction of Late Enophthalmos Using Preoperative Orbital Volume and Fracture Area Measurements in Blowout Fracture
Authors: Choi Su Hyun , Kang Dong Hee 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Enophthalmos caused by orbital volume expansion is the traditional indication for blowout fracture operation, but it may not appear immediately after orbital trauma due to periorbital swelling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations of the orbital volume ratio (OVR) and, orbital fracture area (OFA) with the late enophthalmos measurement in unilateral pure blowout fracture. Seventy-two patients who had experienced a blowout fracture were divided into 2 groups, the conservative treatment group (n = 40) and the operative treatment group (n = 32). The authors measured the preoperative OVR and OFA using three-dimensional facial bone computed tomography and investigated their relationship with late enophthalmos that obtained 6 months after orbital trauma. In both conservative and operative groups, there were significant positive correlations between the OVR and OFA (P < 0.05). In the conservative group, both the OVR and OFA showed significant positive correlations with late enophthalmos, but the OVR (r = 0.777) was more closely correlated with enophthalmos than the OFA (r = 0.739). Quantitative measurements of OVR and OFA are useful parameters that can predict the extent of late enophthalmos and are useful in planning the treatment of blowout fracture.
Open Versus Closed Reduction of Maxillary Fractures: Complications and Resource Utilization
Authors: Zoghbi Yasmina , Gerth David J. , Tashiro Jun , Lee Albert , Thaller Seth R. 
Published: August 2017

Introduction:
Maxillary fractures are frequently managed depending on the surgeon's preferences, nature of the injury, presence of associated injuries, and comorbidities. Current literature advocates open reduction with plating versus closed techniques. However, data defining associated costs and complications comparing the 2 approaches remains lacking.

Methods:
National Inpatient Sample (2006–2011) was examined for patients undergoing closed or open (76.73–76.74) reduction of maxillary fractures. Treatment-related complications were regarded as re-exploration of surgical site, hemorrhage, hematoma, seroma, wound infection, and dehiscence.

Results:
Overall, 22,157 patients were identified. There were 18,874 closed and 3283 open procedures. Median age was 35 (interquartile range 27). Median length of stay (LOS) was 4 days. Median total charges were reported as 51486.80 USD. Males comprised 77% of the cohort. 68% of patients were Caucasian. Private payer/HMO accounted for the largest source of health care coverage (43.5%). On risk-adjusted multivariate analysis, there was no difference in surgical approach regarding incidence of postoperative complications. Males (2.73), nonprivate insurer payer (P = 0.002), South region (2.49), and transferred patients (2.55) had higher incidence of complications. Presence of chronic pulmonary disease (2.87) and coagulopathy (6.62) also increased risk of complications. Length of stay was shorter for open reduction (0.68) versus closed. Total charges were also less for open approach (0.37).

Conclusion:
While surgical approach did not affect complications, open approach favorably affected LOS and total charges. Future studies should focus on comorbidities, demographics, and associated injuries in relation to resource utilization for maxillary fractures. In current economic environment, such information might further dictate management options.