bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biohybrid Micro/Nanorobots: Pioneering the Next Generation of Medical Technology
Authors: Zarepour Atefeh , Khosravi Arezoo , Iravani Siavash , Zarrabi Ali 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBiohybrid micro/nanorobots hold a great potential for advancing biomedical research. These tiny structures, designed to mimic biological organisms, offer a promising method for targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensing/imaging, and cancer therapy, among other applications. The integration of biology and robotics opens new possibilities for minimally invasive surgeries and personalized healthcare solutions. The key challenges in the development of biohybrid micro/nanorobots include ensuring biocompatibility, addressing manufacturing scalability, enhancing navigation and localization capabilities, maintaining stability in dynamic biological environments, navigating regulatory hurdles, and successfully translating these innovative technologies into clinical applications. Herein, the recent advancements, challenges, and future perspectives related to the biomedical applications of biohybrid micro/nanorobots are described. Indeed, this review sheds light on the cutting‐edge developments in this field, providing researchers with an updated overview of the current potential of biohybrid micro/nanorobots in the realm of biomedical applications, and offering insights into their practical applications. Furthermore, it delves into recent advancements in the field of biohybrid micro/nanorobotics, providing a comprehensive analysis of the current state‐of‐the‐art technologies and their future applications in the biomedical field.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Ionic Co‐Crystals for Fast Solid‐State Zinc Ion Storage
Authors: Hong Hu , Wang Yu , Zhang Yaqin , Han Bing , Li Qing , Guo Xun , Guo Ying , Chen Ao , Wei Zhiquan , Huang Zhaodong , Zhao Yuwei , Fan Jun , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe development of new ionic conductors meeting the requirements of current solid‐state devices is imminent but still challenging. Hydrogen‐bonded ionic co‐crystals (HICs) are multi‐component crystals based on hydrogen bonding and Coulombic interactions. Due to the hydrogen bond network and unique features of ionic crystals, HICs have flexible skeletons. More importantly, anion vacancies on their surface can potentially help dissociate and adsorb excess anions, forming cation transport channels at grain boundaries. Here, it is demonstrated that a HIC optimized by adjusting the ratio of zinc salt and imidazole can construct grain boundary‐based fast Zn2+ transport channels. The as‐obtained HIC solid electrolyte possesses an unprecedentedly high ionic conductivity at room and low temperatures (≈11.2 mS cm−1 at 25 °C and ≈2.78 mS cm−1 at −40 °C) with ultra‐low activation energy (≈0.12 eV), while restraining dendrite growth and exhibiting low overpotential even at a high current density (<200 mV at 5.0 mA cm−2) during Zn symmetric cell cycling. This HIC also allows solid‐state Zn||covalent organic framework full cells to work at low temperatures, providing superior stability. More importantly, the HIC can even support zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitors to work, achieving extraordinary rate capability and a power density comparable to aqueous solution‐based supercapacitors. This work provides a path for designing facilely prepared, low‐cost, and environmentally friendly ionic conductors with extremely high ionic conductivity and excellent interface compatibility.
Jamming Giant Molecules at Interface in Organic Photovoltaics to Improve Performance and Stability
Authors: Zhang Ming , Wang Zaiyu , Zhu Lei , Zeng Rui , Xue Xiaonan , Liu Sha , Yan Jun , Yang Zhiyuan , Zhong Wenkai , Zhou Guanqing , Kan Lixuan , Xu Jinqiu , Zhang Anyang , Deng Jiawei , Zhou Zichun , Song Jingnan , Jing Hao , Xu Shengjie , Zhang Yongming , Liu Feng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA novel approach for depositing the giant molecule acceptor (GMA) at the donor–acceptor interface to enhance the efficiency and stability of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices through a designed interface‐enhanced layer‐by‐layer device fabrication protocol is proposed. The giant molecule acceptor DQx‐Ph is mixed with the polymer donor in the bottom layer to form a polymer donor fibril phase and a mixed phase, followed by subsequent deposition of the main acceptor L8‐BO. The L8‐BO solution swells the bottom layer and alters the localized morphology of the mixing phase, introducing L8‐BO fibrillar crystallization and pushing DQx‐Ph giant molecules outwards to the fibril interfaces. Through this approach, the localized morphology and optoelectronic property of the bulk heterojunction are optimized. This configuration maintains the superior transport properties of L8‐BO while integrating the high open‐circuit voltage characteristics of DQx‐Ph. Additionally, exciton dissociation and charge generation are simultaneously enhanced, with suppressed energy losses. A power conversion efficiency of 19.9% with improved operational stability is achieved, underscoring the importance of GMA interface jamming in advancing OPV technology. This study provides new insights into the development of ancillary OPV materials to overcome the critical limitations in OPV, revealing innovative approaches for photovoltaic technologies.
Pulse Duration Dependent Formation of Laser‐Induced Periodic Surface Structures in Atomic Layer Deposited MoS2
Authors: Becher Malte J. M. J. , Ullrich Jonas B. , Jagosz Julia , Kostka Aleksander , Bock Claudia , Ostendorf Andreas , Gurevich Evgeny L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the formation of laser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on atomic‐layer deposited MoS2 layers are studied experimentally. The process parameters (laser fluence and the pulse overlap) corresponding to formation of low‐ and high‐spatial frequency LIPSS as well as ablation and modification of the layers are identified for different pulse durations in the range from 0.2 to 10 ps. The role of the temperature accumulation is evaluated by changing the repetition rate from 0.2 to 2 MHz. The negative accumulation effect, i.e., the ablation of the layers becomes more difficult at higher laser pulse overlaps, is also observed. A simple model explaining the transition between different types of the LIPSS and the decrease of the ablation efficiency with the pulse overlap is suggested.
The Recent Progress of Photothermal Evaporation for Lithium Extraction
Authors: Gu Chen , Luo Yixiang , Xu Keyu , Zhang Anlei , Luo Zhongzhong , Wang Longlu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOver the past few decades, the demand for lithium resources has increased significantly with the rapid development and extensive application of lithium‐ion batteries. Extracting lithium from salt‐lake brine is of significance because of its abundance in brines. Common methods for directly extracting lithium from salt lakes include precipitation, electrodialysis, and photothermal evaporation. Among these methods, lithium extraction using photothermal evaporation is considered an efficient and clean approach to addressing lithium shortages. In recent years, a lot of progress is made regarding lithium extraction with photothermal evaporation, so it is urgent to review the mechanistic basis and application of lithium extraction with photothermal evaporation. In this review, first, the mechanism of lithium extraction with photothermal evaporation is fully summarized, involving membrane separation, lithium‐ion sieves, and separated crystallization. Second, a series of strategies for designing various evaporators with highly efficient lithium adsorption characteristics based on photothermal materials are further discussed in detail. Finally, recommendations and perspectives on the larger‐scale development of lithium adsorbents by photothermal evaporation are proposed. Overall, this review not only offers in‐depth insight into lithium extraction from brines with low Li+ concentration, but also inspires the development and design of next‐generation lithium extraction evaporators with unprecedented properties.
Effects of Dynamic Surface Transformation on the Activity and Stability of Mixed Co‐Mn Cubic Spinel Oxides in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: He Biao , Hosseini Pouya , Escalera‐López Daniel , Schulwitz Jonas , Rüdiger Olaf , Hagemann Ulrich , Heidelmann Markus , DeBeer Serena , Muhler Martin , Cherevko Serhiy , Tschulik Kristina , Li Tong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn atomic‐scale understanding of how electrocatalyst surfaces reconstruct and transform during electrocatalytic reactions is essential for optimizing their activity and longevity. This is particularly important for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), where dynamic and substantial structural and compositional changes occur during the reaction. Herein, a multimodal method is developed by combining X‐ray fine structure absorption and photoemission spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atom probe tomography with electrochemical measurements to interrogate the temporal evolution of oxidation states, atom coordination, structure, and composition on Co2MnO4 and CoMn2O4 cubic spinel nanoparticle surfaces upon OER cycling in alkaline media. Co2MnO4 is activated at the onset of OER due to the formation of ≈2 nm Co‐Mn oxyhydroxides with an optimal Co/Mn ratio of ≈3. As OER proceeds, Mn dissolution and redeposition occur for the CoMn oxyhydroxides, extending the OER stability of Co2MnO4. Such dynamic dissolution and redeposition are also observed for CoMn2O4, leading to the formation of less OER‐active Mn‐rich oxides on the nanoparticle surfaces. This study provides mechanistic insights into how dynamic surface reconstruction and transformation affect the activity and stability of mixed CoMn cubic spinels toward OER.
Machine Learning‐Aided Discovery of Low‐Pt High Entropy Intermetallic Compounds for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhang Longhai , Zhang Xu , Chen Changsheng , Zhang Jiaxi , Tan Weiquan , Xu Zhihang , Zhong Ziying , Du Li , Song Huiyu , Liao Shijun , Zhu Ye , Zhou Zhen , Cui Zhiming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdvancing the design of cathode catalysts to significantly maximize platinum utilization and augment the longevity has emerged as a formidable challenge in the field of fuel cells. Herein, we rationally design a high entropy intermetallic compound (HEIC, Pt(FeCoNiCu)3) for catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by an efficient machine learning stategy, where crystal graph convolutional neural networks are employed to expedite the multicomponent design. Based on a dataset generated from first‐principles calculations, the model can achieve a high prediction accuracy with mean absolute errors of 0.003 for surface strain and 0.011 eV atom−1 for formation energy. In addition, we identify two chemical features (atomic size difference and mixing enthalpy) as new descriptors to explore advanced ORR catalysts. The carbon supported Pt(FeCoNiCu)3 catalyst with small particle size is successfully synthesized by a freeze‐drying‐annealing technology, and exhibits ultrahigh mass activity (4.09 A mgPt−1) and specific activity (7.92 mA cm−2). Meanwhile, The catalyst also shows significantly enhanced electrochemical stability which can be ascribed to the sluggish diffussion effect in the HEIC structure. Beyond offering a promising low‐Pt electrocatalysts for fuel cell cathode, this work offers a new paradigm to rationally design advanced catalysts for energy storage and conversion devices.
Integrated enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in radical cystectomy for bladder tumour—A retroprospective study
Authors: Ashraf Waseem , Hamid Arif , Malik Sajad Ahmad , Khawaja Rouf , Para Sajad Ahmad , Wani Mohammad Saleem , Mehdi Saqib 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a patient‐centerd, evidence‐based approach to improve postoperative outcomes. The protocol involves multidisciplinary collaboration and standardisation of perioperative interventions. ERAS has shown positive results in reducing hospitalisation and complications.MethodsThe study conducted in the Department of Urology was a retro‐prospective study. It included an ERAS cohort group of 47 patients, studied prospectively from May 2021 to May 2023. These patients were compared to a historical cohort of 47 consecutive patients who underwent radical cystectomy with traditional care before the ERAS pathway was implemented. The primary outcome was hospital length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes included perioperative management, time to recovery milestones and complications.ResultsImplementation of ERAS pathway for radical cystectomy was associated with reduced hospital LOS (mean LOS 16.19 ± 2.53 days vs. 10.26 ± 3.33 days 7 days; p < 0.0001), reduced time to key recovery milestones, including days to first flatus (3.17 vs. 2.68; p = 0.013) and days to first solid food (5.19 vs. 3.45 p value < 0.0001), first stool (5.53 vs. 4.23; p < 0.0001), reductions in some complications like postoperative ileus (p value = 0.021) and need for total parental nutrition (p value = 0.023).ConclusionIn conclusion, the implementation of the integrated approach facilitates a more efficient recovery process, potentially reducing healthcare costs and enhancing patient comfort.
Sequence Context in DNA i‐Motifs Can Nurture Very Stable and Persistent Kinetic Traps
Authors: Minasyan Alexander S. , Peacey Merlin , Allen Te'Kara , Nesterova Irina V 
Published: October 2024

AbstractI‐motifs are non‐canonical DNA structures with recognized biological significance and a proven utility in material engineering. Consequently, understanding and control of i‐motif properties is essential to sustain progress across both disciplines. In this work, we systematically investigate how proximity to the most common form of DNA, a double‐stranded duplex, influences the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of adjacent i‐motifs. We demonstrate that double‐stranded stems in i‐motif loops promote kinetic trapping of very stable and persistent partially folded conformations. Further, we investigate pathways toward rational control over a folding topology makeup.
Oxidative stress disrupts vascular microenvironmental homeostasis affecting the development of atherosclerosis
Authors: Shao Ruifei , Chen Rui , Zheng Qiang , Yao Mengyu , Li Kunlin , Cao Yu , Jiang Lihong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAtherosclerosis is primarily an inflammatory reaction of the cardiovascular system caused by endothelial damage, leading to progressive thickening and hardening of the vessel walls, as well as extensive necrosis and fibrosis of the surrounding tissues, the most necessary pathological process causing cardiovascular disease. When the body responds to harmful internal and external stimuli, excess oxygen free radicals are produced causing oxidative stress to occur in cells and tissues. Simultaneously, the activation of inflammatory immunological processes is followed by an elevation in oxygen free radicals, which directly initiates the release of cytokines and chemokines, resulting in a detrimental cycle of vascular homeostasis abnormalities. Oxidative stress contributes to the harm inflicted upon vascular endothelial cells and the decrease in nitric oxide levels. Nitric oxide is crucial for maintaining vascular homeostasis and is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. This study examines the influence of oxidative stress on the formation of atherosclerosis, which is facilitated by the vascular milieu. It also provides an overview of the pertinent targets and pharmaceutical approaches for treating this condition.
Ir(III) Diamine Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysts in Cancer Cells
Authors: Fry Millie E. , Alsaif Sitah A. , Khanom Yasmin , Keirle Alice K. , Pheasey Chloe E. , Song Ji Inn , Bedford Rebecca A. , Romero‐Canelon Isolda , Sadler Peter J. , Coverdale James P. C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe development of catalytic metallodrugs is an emerging field that may offer new approaches to cancer chemotherapeutic design. By exploiting the unique properties of transition metal complexes, in‐cell catalysis can be applied to modulate the cellular redox balance as part of a multi‐targeting mechanism of action. We describe the synthesis and characterization of six coordinatively unsaturated iridium(III) diamine catalysts that are stable at physiological pH in aqueous solution. Reduction of the colorimetric substrate 2,6‐dichlorophenolindophenol by transfer hydrogenation under biologically compatible conditions achieved turnover frequencies up to 63 ± 2 h−1 and demonstrated that the source of hydride (sodium formate) is the limiting reagent, despite being in a 1000‐fold excess of the catalyst. The catalyst showed low in vivo acute toxicity in zebrafish embryos and modest in vitro potency towards cancer cells. When administered alone, the catalyst generated oxidative stress in cells (an effect that was conserved in vivo), but co‐treatment with a nontoxic dose of sodium formate negated this effect. Co‐treatment with sodium formate significantly enhanced catalyst potency in cancer cells (A2780 ovarian and MCF7 breast cancer cells) and drug‐resistant cells (A2780cis and MCF7‐TAMR1) but not in non‐tumorigenic cells (MRC5), demonstrating that a redox‐targeting mechanism may generate selectivity for cancer cells.
Omega‐3 Marine Fatty Acid Supplementation to Healthy Subjects Interacts With Moderate Physical Activity to Provide a Cardiovascular Healthier Lipoprotein Subclass Profile
Authors: Kvalheim Olav M. , Rajalahti Tarja 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis work investigates the impact of marine omega‐3 and physical activity and their interaction on cardiometabolic health as expressed by the serum lipoprotein profile. Using an experimental design that allows for the possibility of interaction, we performed a 6‐week intervention on 44 middle‐aged women living in Western Norway. The women were randomly divided into four groups: one control group with no intervention, a second group performing sessions of moderate intensity three times per week, a third group taking daily supplements of omega‐3 marine fatty acids, and a fourth group combining the interventions for Groups 2 and 3. The difference in the lipoprotein profiles after the intervention from baseline were assessed for statistical significance by comparing groups 2, 3 and 4 with Group 1 using two‐tailed t‐test corrected for multiple testing and selectivity ratios calculated from the discriminatory component in validated partial least squares discriminant models. The results from the univariate and multivariate analyses were qualitatively equivalent: Only the women combining moderate physical activity and omega‐3 supplementation, revealed statistically significant differences in their lipoprotein profile compared to the nonintervention control group. The pattern of change in the lipoprotein profile is associated with improved cardiometabolic health. Use of the design matrix to predict this pattern revealed that the interaction between omega‐3 supplementation and physical activity played a major role in inducing this change. The recognition of the influence of this interaction may be a step towards resolving the long‐lasting debate of the role played by omega‐3 for preventing cardiovascular unhealth.
Investigating the Effect of UV Irradiation and TiO2 Addition on Heavy Metal Adsorption by Inverse Vulcanized Sulfur Polymers
Authors: Cai Diana , Dale Joseph J. , Petcher Sam , Wu Xiaofeng , Hasell Tom 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOrganomercury contamination in wastewater is a longstanding global concern, prompting the establishment of the Mi‐namata Convention in 2013, following the tragic Minamata Bay incident in Japan. Despite numerous proposed solutions, the development of an affordable and convenient adsorbent remains a challenge. Sulfur, being one of the most abundant elements globally, has shown promise in mercury adsorption in previous research. This study delves into the influence of light exposure on the process of mercury adsorption. Our findings reveal that exposure to UV−A wavelengths (315 nm–400 nm), in combination with the addition of titanium dioxide (TiO2), enhances the adsorption capacity of a sulfur‐rich polymer. The maximum observed adsorption capacity reached 47 mg/g under these conditions. Notably, the presence of TiO2 and UV exposure did not significantly impact the adsorption of inorganic mercury and gold.
Exploring Chemical and Electrochemical Limitations in Sulfide Solid State Electrolytes: A Critical Review on Current Status and Manufacturing Scope
Authors: Kumar Mishra Govind , Gautam Manoj , Bhawana K. , Sah Kalwar Chhotelal , Patro Manisha , Anshu  , Mitra Sagar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe escalating demand for sustainable energy storage solutions, driven by the depletion of fossil fuels has stimulated extensive research in advanced battery technologies. Over the past two decades, global primary energy consumption, initially satisfied by non‐renewables, has raised environmental concerns. Despite the availability of renewable sources like solar and wind, storage challenges propel innovation in batteries. Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have gained recognition for their high energy density and cost‐effectiveness. However, issues such as safety concerns, dendrite formation, and limited operational temperatures necessitate alternative solutions. A promising approach involves replacing flammable liquid electrolytes with non‐flammable solid electrolytes (SEs). SEs represent a transformative shift in battery technology, offering stability, safety, and expanded temperature ranges. They effectively mitigate dendrite growth, enhancing battery reliability and lifespan. SEs also improve energy density, making them crucial for applications like portable gadgets, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage. However, challenges such as ionic conductivity, chemical and thermal stability, mechanical strength, and manufacturability must be addressed. This review paper briefly identifies SE types, discusses their advantages and disadvantages, and explores ion transport fundamentals and all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) production challenges. It comprehensively analyzes sulfide SEs (SSEs), focusing on recent advancements, chemical and electrochemical challenges, and potential future improvements. Electrochemical reactions, electrolyte materials, compositions, and cell designs are critically assessed for their impact on battery performance. The review also addresses challenges in ASSB production. The objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of SSEs, laying the groundwork for advancing sustainable and efficient energy storage systems.
Identification of Peptide Binding Motifs for Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate using Phage Display
Authors: Madeja Benjamin , Wilke Patrick , Scheck Johanna , Kellermeier Matthias 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSelective control over crystallization in complex multicomponent systems such as hydrating cements is a key issue in modern material science. In this context, rational selection‐based approaches appear highly promising in the quest for new additive chemistries. Here we have used phage display to identify peptide structures showing high affinity to adsorb on the surfaces of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (also referred to as bassanite), an important hydraulic binder employed in large scales by the construction industry. The results suggest a triplet of amino acids consisting of aspartic acid, serine and leucine, to maintain strong interactions with the surfaces of hemihydrate particles. This notion is confirmed by actual hydration experiments, in which the identified peptide motif provides strictly selective effects during the transformation of bassanite into more stable gypsum. Our work thus contributes to a better understanding of hydraulic binders and their required improvement for a sustainable future.