bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical function was related to mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease and dialysis
Authors: Morishita Shinichiro , Tsubaki Atsuhiro , Shirai Nobuyuki 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that exercise improves aerobic capacity, muscular functioning, cardiovascular function, walking capacity, and health‐related quality of life (QOL) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dialysis. Recently, additional studies have shown that higher physical activity contributes to survival and decreased mortality as well as physical function and QOL in patients with CKD and dialysis. Herein, we review the evidence that physical function and physical activity play an important role in mortality for patients with CKD and dialysis. During November 2016, Medline and Web of Science databases were searched for published English medical reports (without a time limit) using the terms “CKD” or “dialysis” and “mortality” in conjunction with “exercise capacity,” “muscle strength,” “activities of daily living (ADL),” “physical activity,” and “exercise.” Numerous studies suggest that higher exercise capacity, muscle strength, ADL, and physical activity contribute to lower mortality in patients with CKD and dialysis. Physical function is associated with mortality in patients with CKD and dialysis. Increasing physical function may decrease the mortality rate of patients with CKD and dialysis. Physicians and medical staff should recognize the importance of physical function in CKD and dialysis. In addition, exercise is associated with reduced mortality among patients with CKD and dialysis.
Electrochemical corrosion behavior and surface modification of ZrB2 in hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution
Authors: Ding Zhihui , Lee Dong‐Yeon , Han Young‐Hwan , Ye Qun , Huang Qing , Deng Qihuang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe electrochemical corrosion behavior in an open system of zirconium diboride (ZrB2) was studied in hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution at room temperature. Based on analysis of the intermediate products of corrosion, a corrosion mechanism for ZrB2 is suggested. The morphology evolution of anodic ZrB2 is investigated. The density of the hexagonal‐pyramid grain array is dictated by current density, and the time dictates the length of the hexagonal pyramid grains. The microstructure of the surface can be controlled by the current density, which demonstrates that the surface wettability of ZrB2 can be modified by tailoring the current density.
Influence of expansion admixtures on the properties of water‐glass‐based refractory pastes
Authors: Tao Xin , Wang Mingchao , Ren Sue , Guo Anran , Hou Feng , Liu Jiachen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWater‐glass‐based pastes show good prospect for high‐temperature applications, but they are subject to substantial dry‐shrinkage. Silicon and aluminum powders were added to prevent the dry‐shrinkage. The influence of them on compressive strength, bonding strength and volume of the pastes was discussed. SEM, XRD, and TG/DSC were employed to study the influencing mechanisms. The results show that Si and Al effectively prevented the dry‐shrinkage; Al improved compressive strength and bonding strength, while Si was bad for bonding strength. When Al dosage was 6%, the pastes presented mild expansion of 1.05%, the compressive strength increased by 8.9%, and the bonding strength by 33.4%.
Sequence‐independent Amplification with Genome Multiplexing to Establish Complete Genome of Multipartite RNA Viruses: Cucumber mosaic virus as a Case Study
Authors: Kumar Surender , Kumari Reenu , Hallan Vipin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractReverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) is considered one of the accurate and reliable techniques for plant virus detection and genome characterization. Environmental conditions, error prone replication and biological competition lead to mutations and sequence variation. This results in generation of various strains/variants. These conditions present difficulties in genome amplification, especially with techniques which utilize prior sequence information, such as RT‐PCR. Keeping in view this difficulty, in this study, we used replicating forms (RFs) from (Cucumber mosaic virus) infected Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi as a precursor for ligation of self‐primed anchor primer at 3′‐hydroxyl end and subsequently used it for first strand cDNA synthesis. This cDNA was amplified further by sequence‐independent single‐primer amplification (SISPA) for genome multiplexing of CMV, a tripartite ssRNA positive‐sense virus. It was also observed that the presence of anchor primer aids towards cloning of genome segments. These results demonstrate genome multiplexing for complete genome characterization of single‐stranded, multipartite plant RNA viruses as the new application of SISPA.
Making the Most of the First‐Offer Advantage: Pre‐Offer Conversation and Negotiation Outcomes
Authors: Kim Najung , Park Hun‐Joon 
Published: April 2017

Why do some negotiators benefit from making the first offer during negotiations while others do not? This study explores the contents of conversations that take place before negotiators make their first offers in order to learn more about the differences between ultimately successful first offers that benefit from anchoring effects and ultimately unsuccessful ones in which negotiators apparently derive no benefit from making the first offer.In‐depth qualitative analyses of the conversations that role players engaged in prior to their first offers were conducted in simulated negotiation exercises. Their analysis identified five different conversational tactics that negotiators employed in one‐on‐one negotiations to gain power in the negotiation, or what they call here “power conversation tactics.” Their findings suggest that the negotiation outcome (i.e., net value) was related to how the negotiators employed and combined these tactics during the pre‐offer conversation.Based on these findings, they conceptualized four types of power‐gaining/power‐losing pre‐offer conversation scenarios and explored the link between negotiation outcomes and each of these types of pre‐offer conversations. This study further develops the literature on power dynamics and conversations in negotiations as well as the literature on the anchoring effect of a first offer.
Neurogenic and myogenic patterns of electrical activity in isolated intact mouse colon
Authors: Hibberd T. J. , Costa M. , Travis L. , Brookes S. J. H. , Wattchow D. A. , Feng J. , Hu H. , Spencer N. J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundRelatively little is known about the electrical rhythmicity of the whole colon, where long neural pathways are preserved.MethodsSmooth muscle electrical activity was recorded extracellularly from the serosa of isolated flat‐sheet preparations consisting of the whole mouse colon (n=31).Key ResultsTwo distinct electrical patterns were observed. The first, long intense spike bursts, occurred every 349±256 seconds (0.2±0.2 cpm), firing action potentials for 31±11 seconds at 2.1±0.5 Hz. They were hexamethonium‐ and tetrodotoxin‐sensitive, but persisted in nicardipine as 2 Hz electrical oscillations lacking action potentials. This pattern is called here neurogenic spike bursts. The second pattern, short spike bursts, occurred about every 30 seconds (2.0±0.6 cpm), with action potentials firing at about 1 Hz for 9 seconds (1.0±0.2 Hz, 9±4 seconds). Short spike bursts were hexamethonium‐ and tetrodotoxin‐resistant but nicardipine‐sensitive and thus called here myogenic spike bursts. Neurogenic spike bursts transiently delayed myogenic spike bursts, while blocking neurogenic activity enhanced myogenic spike burst durations. External stimuli significantly affected neurogenic but not myogenic spike bursts. Aboral electrical or mechanical stimuli evoked premature neurogenic spike bursts. Circumferential stretch significantly decreased intervals between neurogenic spike bursts. Lesioning the colon down to 10 mm segments significantly increased intervals or abolished neurogenic spike bursts, while myogenic spike bursts persisted.Conclusions & InferencesDistinct neurogenic and myogenic electrical patterns were recorded from mouse colonic muscularis externa. Neurogenic spike bursts likely correlate with neurogenic colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMC) and are highly sensitive to mechanical stimuli. Myogenic spike bursts may correspond to slow myogenic contractions, whose duration can be modulated by enteric neural activity.
A scoping review of outcomes related to orthodontic treatment measured in cleft lip and palate
Authors: Tsichlaki A. , O'Brien K. , Johal A. , Fleming P. S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify and summarize the outcomes measured in orthodontic studies of children with cleft lip and/or palate. The objectives were to categorize the outcomes into pre‐determined domains and to explore whether any domains were under‐represented. Electronic databases and grey literature were searched until December 2016 to identify all studies of orthodontic treatment interventions in children and adolescents with cleft lip and palate. Abstracts and subsequently eligible full‐text articles were screened independently and in duplicate by two reviewers. All reported outcome measures were identified and categorized into six predetermined outcome domains. The search identified 833 abstracts. The majority of studies did not assess orthodontic interventions and were therefore not eligible for inclusion. Consequently, following screening 71 eligible articles were retrieved in full, of which 40 met the inclusion criteria. Morphological features of malocclusion were measured in 27 studies (68%) and adverse effects of orthodontic treatment in 10 (25%). Functional status (n=4; 10%), physical consequences of malocclusion (n=3; 7.5%), quality of life (n=3; 7.5%) and health resource utilization (n=2; 5%) were rarely considered. Relatively few studies concerning patients with cleft lip and palate focused on orthodontic interventions. Most of the identified outcomes were concerned with measuring morphological treatment‐related changes and do not reflect patient perspectives.
“Little things matter!” Exploring the perspectives of patients with dementia about the hospital environment
Authors: Hung Lillian , Phinney Alison , Chaudhury Habib , Rodney Paddy , Tabamo Jenifer , Bohl Doris 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundRecognising demographic changes and importance of the environment in influencing the care experience of patients with dementia, there is a need for developing the knowledge base to improve hospital environments. Involving patients in the development of the hospital environment can be a way to create more responsive services. To date, few studies have involved the direct voice of patients with dementia about their experiences of the hospital environment.Design and methodUsing an action research approach, we worked with patients with dementia and a team of interdisciplinary staff on a medical unit to improve dementia care. The insights provided by patients with dementia in the early phase shaped actions undertaken at the later stage to develop person‐centred care within a medical ward. We used methods including go‐along interviews, video recording and participant observation to enable rich data generation.AimThis study explores the perspectives of patients with dementia about the hospital environment.ResultsThe participants indicated that a supportive hospital environment would need to be a place of enabling independence, a place of safety, a place of supporting social interactions and a place of respect.ConclusionsPatient participants persuasively articulated the supportive and unsupportive elements in the environment that affected their well‐being and care experiences. They provided useful insights and pointed out practical solutions for improvement. Action research offers patients not only opportunities to voice their opinion, but also possibilities to contribute to hospital service development.Implications for practiceThis is the first study that demonstrates the possibility of using go‐along interviews and videoing with patients with dementia staying in a hospital for environmental redesign.Researchers, hospital leaders and designers should further explore strategies to best support the involvement of patients with dementia in design and redesign of hospital environments.
A new phylogeny of Stegosauria (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)
Authors: Raven Thomas J. , Maidment Susannah C. R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe stegosaurs are some of the most easily recognizable dinosaurs, but are surprisingly rare as fossils. Consequently much remains unknown about their palaeobiology, and every new stegosaurian find contributes to our understanding of the evolution of the clade. Since the last attempt to examine the evolutionary relationships of Stegosauria, new specimens have come to light, including the most complete individual of Stegosaurus ever found, new taxa have been described and, perhaps most importantly, new methods for analysis of cladistic datasets have been produced. In the light of these new data and technological advances, the phylogenetic relationships of the stegosaurs and basal armoured dinosaurs are investigated. The inclusion of continuous data results in much better resolution than was previously obtained, and the resulting single most parsimonious tree supports re‐erection of the genera Miragaia and Hesperosaurus, which had previously been synonymized with Dacentrurus and Stegosaurus respectively. The recently described genus Alcovasaurus is resolved as a basal thyreophoran, but this is most likely a consequence of a very high degree of missing data and the questionable ontogenetic stage of the specimen. Examination of the effects of continuous data on the analysis suggest that while it contains a phylogenetic signal congruent with that of discrete data and provides better resolution than discrete data alone, it can affect topologies in unpredictable ways, particularly in areas of the tree where there are large amounts of missing data. The phylogeny presented here will form the basis for future work on the palaeobiology of the plated dinosaurs.
On the purported presence of fossilized collagen fibres in an ichthyosaur and a theropod dinosaur
Authors: Smithwick Fiann M. , Mayr Gerald , Saitta Evan T. , Benton Michael J. , Vinther Jakob 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSince the discovery of exceptionally preserved theropod dinosaurs with soft tissues in China in the 1990s, there has been much debate about the nature of filamentous structures observed in some specimens. Sinosauropteryx was the first non‐avian theropod to be described with these structures, and remains one of the most studied examples. Despite a general consensus that the structures represent feathers or feather homologues, a few identify them as degraded collagen fibres derived from the skin. This latter view has been based on observations of low‐quality images of Sinosauropteryx, as well as the suggestion that because superficially similar structures are seen in Jurassic ichthyosaurs they cannot represent feathers. Here, we highlight issues with the evidence put forward in support of this view, showing that integumentary structures have been misinterpreted based on sedimentary features and preparation marks, and that these errors have led to incorrect conclusions being drawn about the existence of collagen in Sinosauropteryx and the ichthyosaur Stenopterygius. We find that there is no evidence to support the idea that the integumentary structures seen in the two taxa are collagen fibres, and confirm that the most parsimonious interpretation of fossilized structures that look like feather homologues in Sinosauropteryx is that they are indeed the remains of feather homologues.
Validation of the Japanese Version of the Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire in Patients with Low Back Pain
Authors: Nishigami Tomokiko , Mibu Akira , Tanaka Katsuyoshi , Yamashita Yuh , Shimizu Michele Eisemann , Wand Benedict M. , Catley Mark J. , Stanton Tasha R. , Moseley G. Lorimer 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing interest in the role of disturbed body perception in people with persistent pain problems such as chronic low back pain (CLBP). A questionnaire, the Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ), was recently developed as a simple and quick way of assessing disturbed perceptual awareness of the back in people with CLBP and appears to have acceptable psychometric properties. The aim of the present study was to develop a Japanese version of the FreBAQ (FreBAQ‐J) and evaluate its psychometric properties in a sample of Japanese people with low back pain (LBP).MethodsTranslation of the FreBAQ into Japanese was conducted using a forward‐backward method. One hundred participants with LBP completed the resultant FreBAQ‐J. A subset of the participants completed the FreBAQ‐J again 2 weeks later. Validity was investigated by examining the relationship between the FreBAQ‐J and clinical valuables. Rasch analysis was used to assess targeting, category ordering, unidimensionality, person fit, internal consistency, and differential item functioning.ResultsThe FreBAQ‐J was significantly correlated with pain in motion, disability, pain‐related catastrophizing, fear of movement, and anxiety symptomatology. The FreBAQ‐J had acceptable internal consistency, a minor departure from unidimensionality, and good test‐retest reliability, and was functional on the category rating scale.ConclusionsThe FreBAQ‐J has acceptable psychometric properties and is suitable for use in people with LBP. Participants with high levels of disturbed body perception are well targeted by the scale. The functioning of one item (item 8) was poor. Further study is warranted to confirm if this item should be excluded.
Four‐Extremity Neurostimulation Using Two Cervical Octapolar Leads and High Frequency of 10 kHz
Authors: Harandi Shervin , Kapural Leonardo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectives and MethodsA few published reports describe successful clinical use of low‐frequency spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in the cervical spine resulting in bilateral upper and lower extremity pain relief. A major side‐effect when using this modality of SCS is the uneven intensity of paresthesias, which are frequently excessive in upper extremities while attempting to achieve optimal paresthesia coverage in all 4 extremities.Results and ConclusionsHere we describe a successful case of high‐frequency SCS at 10 kHz where profound control of neuropathic pain of all 4 extremities was achieved without the complication of paresthesias. Discussed are future implications of such therapy.
Co‐expression of GR79 EPSPS and GAT yields herbicide‐resistant cotton with low glyphosate residues
Authors: Liang Chengzhen , Sun Bao , Meng Zhigang , Meng Zhaohong , Wang Yuan , Sun Guoqing , Zhu Tao , Lu Wei , Zhang Wei , Malik Waqas , Lin Min , Zhang Rui , Guo Sandui 
Published: April 2017

SummaryGlyphosate‐resistant (GR) crops have been adopted on a massive scale by North and South American farmers. Currently, about 80% of the 120 million hectares of the global genetically modified (GM) crops are GR crop varieties. However, the adoption of GR plants in China has not occurred at the same pace, owing to several factors including, among other things, labour markets and the residual effects of glyphosate in transgenic plants. Here, we report the co‐expression of codon‐optimized forms of GR79 EPSPS and N‐acetyltransferase (GAT) genes in cotton. We found five times more resistance to glyphosate with 10‐fold reduction in glyphosate residues in two pGR79 EPSPS‐pGAT co‐expression cotton lines, GGCO2 and GGCO5. The GGCO2 line was used in a hybridization programme to develop new GR cottons. Field trials at five locations during three growing seasons showed that pGR79‐pGAT transgenic cotton lines have the same agronomic performance as conventional varieties, but were USD 390‐495 cheaper to produce per hectare because of the high cost of conventional weed management practices. Our strategy to pyramid these genes clearly worked and thus offers attractive promise for the engineering and breeding of highly resistant low‐glyphosate‐residue cotton varieties.
Newborn Length of Stay and Risk of Readmission
Authors: Harron Katie , Gilbert Ruth , Cromwell David , Oddie Sam , van der Meulen Jan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundEvidence on the association between newborn length of hospital stay (LOS) and risk of readmission is conflicting. We compared methods for modelling this relationship, by gestational age, using population‐level hospital data on births in England between 2005–14.MethodsThe association between LOS and unplanned readmission within 30 days of postnatal discharge was explored using four approaches: (i) modelling hospital‐level LOS and readmission rates; (ii) comparing trends over time in LOS and readmission; (iii) modelling individual LOS and adjusted risk of readmission; and (iv) instrumental variable analyses (hospital‐level mean LOS and number of births on the same day).ResultsOf 4 667 827 babies, 5.2% were readmitted within 30 days. Aggregated data showed hospitals with longer mean LOS were not associated with lower readmission rates for vaginal (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66, 1.13), or caesarean (aRR 0.89, 95% CI 0.72, 1.12) births. LOS fell by an average 2.0% per year for vaginal births and 3.4% for caesarean births, while readmission rates increased by 4.4 and 5.1% per year respectively. Approaches (iii) and (iv) indicated that longer LOS was associated with a reduced risk of readmission, but only for late preterm, vaginal births (34–36 completed weeks’ gestation).ConclusionsLonger newborn LOS may benefit late preterm babies, possibly due to increased medical or psychosocial support for those at greater risk of potentially preventable readmissions after birth. Research based on observational data to evaluate relationships between LOS and readmission should use methods to reduce the impact of unmeasured confounding.
Optimization of growth conditions and fatty acid analysis for three freshwater diatom isolates
Authors: Li Xiao‐li , Marella Thomas Kiran , Tao Ling , Li Rong , Tiwari Archana , Li Gu 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYDiatoms are a group of highly abundant and diverse aquatic algae species. They contain high lipid content along with many bioactive compounds that can be exploited for biotechnological applications. Despite these attractive attributes, diatoms are underrepresented in production projects due to difficulties in their cultivation. To optimize the growth of three freshwater diatom isolates, Cyclotella sp., Synedra sp. and Navicula sp., an orthogonal assay on N, P, Si and Fe, as well as temperature and pH, was designed using traditional single‐factor tests. We also studied the effect of using nanosilica as an alternate Si source on growth and found that the diatom isolates studied achieved their highest growth rates under different combinations of nutrient and environmental conditions. Silica had the greatest influence on growth, followed by phosphate and iron. The optimized growth conditions for Synedra sp. were N: 30 mg L−1, P: 3 mg L−1, Si: 14.8 mg L−1, Fe: 0.448 mg L−1, temperature 25°C and pH 8. For Navicula sp.: N: 20 mg L−1, P: 2.5 mg L−1, Si: 19.7 mg L−1, Fe: 0.112 mg L−1, temperature 30°C and pH 7.5–8. For Cyclotella sp.: N: 20 mg L−1, P: 2.5 mg L−1, Si: 19.7 mg L−1, Fe: 0.448 mg L−1, temperature 30°C and pH 7.5–8. Nano silica negatively affected growth in Navicula sp. and Cyclotella sp., but no such effect was observed in Synedra sp. Fatty acid profiling showed C16:0, C16:1(n − 7), C18:0 and C20:5(n − 3) as major fatty acids, with no significant differences in fatty acid methyl ester profiles between traditional and modified media. This work gives us a new insight into the growth requirements of freshwater diatom species, which are less studied than marine species.