bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact on relationships following disclosure of transgenderism: a wife's tale
Authors: Watts C. , Watts P. , Collier E. , Ashmore R. 
Published: May 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

The experiences of transgender people are becoming increasingly more visible in popular culture, biographical literature and the media.

The topic has received little attention within the psychiatric and mental health nursing literature.

There is a paucity of literature exploring the impact on relationships following a disclosure of transgenderism.

What does this paper add to existing knowledge?

A narrative account of the consequences for the wife of one transwoman and their relationships with friends and family following the disclosure of transgenderism.

The article identifies a range of issues that require further attention in relation to healthcare provision. These include the mental health needs of partners and spouses; attitudes of healthcare professionals towards transgender issues; and the adequacy of the formal support offered to partners and spouses of transgender people.

What are the implications for practice?

There is a need for healthcare practitioners to explore their understanding of transgender issues and how these may impact on the mental health of partners and spouses.

It is important that healthcare professionals provide a hopeful and supportive environment to enable couples to explore their relationships following disclosure of transgenderism.
Artificial selection in guppies: male and female phenotypes produced by inter‐ and intrasexual selection
Authors: Van Eeckhoven J. , Huyghe K. , Van Damme R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInter‐ and intrasexual selection are often assumed to push phenotypes in similar directions, but this must not always be the case. The current study used two artificial selection treatments in an attempt to disentangle the effects of inter‐ and intrasexual selection in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). The first artificial treatment (inter) was maintained by selecting males that were most appealing to prospective females; in the second treatment (intra), only the most dominant males were allowed to reproduce. Male morphology, aggression, and reproductive behaviour, as well as female choice and reproductive behaviour were compared between intra‐ and inter‐treatment. After three generations of artificial selection, inter‐males varied more in their orange colouration pattern than did intra‐males. This may indicate that male orange colouration is subject to negative frequency dependent selection by means of female choice in the inter‐treatment. Females preferred inter‐males, regardless of their own selection history. These results question the seldom tested assumption that intra‐ and intersexual selection reinforce the same characters. The lack of direct benefits for choosing a dominant male are hypothesized to be at the basis of this discrepancy, since male guppies do not defend territories and do not provide resources to mates.
Gut microbiota of the pine weevil degrades conifer diterpenes and increases insect fitness
Authors: Berasategui Aileen , Salem Hassan , Paetz Christian , Santoro Maricel , Gershenzon Jonathan , Kaltenpoth Martin , Schmidt Axel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe pine weevil (Hylobius abietis), a major pest of conifer forests throughout Europe, feeds on the bark and cambium, tissues rich in terpenoid resins that are toxic to many insect herbivores. Here, we report the ability of the pine weevil gut microbiota to degrade the diterpene acids of Norway spruce. The diterpene acid levels present in ingested bark were substantially reduced on passage through the pine weevil gut. This reduction was significantly less upon antibiotic treatment, and supplementing the diet with gut suspensions from untreated insects restored the ability to degrade diterpenes. In addition, cultured bacteria isolated from pine weevil guts were shown to degrade a Norway spruce diterpene acid. In a metagenomic survey of the insect's bacterial community, we were able to annotate several genes of a previously described diterpene degradation (dit) gene cluster. Antibiotic treatment disrupted the core bacterial community of H. abietis guts and eliminated nearly all dit genes concordant with its reduction in diterpene degradation. Pine weevils reared on an artificial diet spiked with diterpenes, but without antibiotics, were found to lay more eggs with a higher hatching rate than weevils raised on diets with antibiotics or without diterpenes. These results suggest that gut symbionts contribute towards host fitness, but not by detoxification of diterpenes, as these compounds do not show toxic effects with or without antibiotics. Rather the ability to thrive in a terpene‐rich environment appears to allow gut microbes to benefit the weevil in other ways, such as increasing the nutritional properties of their diet.
The K = 2 conundrum
Authors: Janes Jasmine K. , Miller Joshua M. , Dupuis Julian R. , Malenfant René M. , Gorrell Jamieson C. , Cullingham Catherine I. , Andrew Rose L. 
Published: May 2017

Assessments of population genetic structure have become an increasing focus as they can provide valuable insight into patterns of migration and gene flow. structure, the most highly cited of several clustering‐based methods, was developed to provide robust estimates without the need for populations to be determined a priori. structure introduces the problem of selecting the optimal number of clusters, and as a result, the ΔK method was proposed to assist in the identification of the “true” number of clusters. In our review of 1,264 studies using structure to explore population subdivision, studies that used ΔK were more likely to identify K = 2 (54%, 443/822) than studies that did not use ΔK (21%, 82/386). A troubling finding was that very few studies performed the hierarchical analysis recommended by the authors of both ΔK and structure to fully explore population subdivision. Furthermore, extensions of earlier simulations indicate that, with a representative number of markers, ΔK frequently identifies K = 2 as the top level of hierarchical structure, even when more subpopulations are present. This review suggests that many studies may have been over‐ or underestimating population genetic structure; both scenarios have serious consequences, particularly with respect to conservation and management. We recommend publication standards for population structure results so that readers can assess the implications of the results given their own understanding of the species biology.
Subcellular compartmentation, interdependency and dynamics of the cyclic AMP‐dependent PKA subunits during pathogenic differentiation in rice blast
Authors: Selvaraj Poonguzhali , Tham Hong Fai , Ramanujam Ravikrishna , Naqvi Naweed I. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe cAMP‐dependent PKA signalling plays a central role in growth, asexual development and pathogenesis in fungal pathogens. Here, we functionally characterised RPKA, the regulatory subunit of cAMP/PKA and studied the dynamics and organisation of the PKA subunits in the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. The RPKA subunit was essential for proper vegetative growth, asexual sporulation and surface hydrophobicity in M. oryzae. A spontaneous suppressor mutation, SMR19, that restored growth and conidiation in the RPKA deletion mutant was isolated and characterised. SMR19 enhanced conidiation and appressorium formation but failed to suppress the pathogenesis defects in rpkAΔ. The PKA activity was undetectable in the mycelial extracts of SMR19, which showed a single mutation (val242leu) in the highly conserved active site of the catalytic subunit (CPKA) of cAMP/PKA. The two subunits of cAMP/PKA showed different subcellular localisation patterns with RpkA being predominantly nucleocytoplasmic in conidia, while CpkA was largely cytosolic and/or vesicular. The CpkA anchored RpkA in cytoplasmic vesicles, and localisation of PKA in the cytoplasm was governed by CpkA in a cAMP‐dependant or independent manner. We show that there exists a tight regulation of PKA subunits at the level of transcription, and the cAMP signalling is differentially compartmentalised in a stage‐specific manner in rice blast.
Body mass index and healthcare costs: a systematic literature review of individual participant data studies
Authors: Kent Seamus , Fusco Francesco , Gray Alastair , Jebb Susan A. , Cairns Benjamin J. , Mihaylova Borislava 
Published: May 2017

SummaryExcess weight is associated with increased total healthcare costs, but it is less well known how the associations between excess weight and costs vary across different types of healthcare service. We reviewed studies using individual participant data to estimate associations between body mass index and healthcare costs, and summarized how annual healthcare costs for overweight (body mass index 25 to <30 kg/m2) and obese (≥30 kg/m2) individuals compared with those for healthy weight individuals (18.5 to <25 kg/m2). EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched from January 1990 to September 2016, and 75 studies were included in the review. Of these, 34 studies presented adequate information to contribute to a quantitative summary of results. Compared with individuals at healthy weight, the median increases in mean total annual healthcare costs were 12% for overweight and 36% for obese individuals. The percentage increases in costs were highest for medications (18% for overweight and 68% for obese), followed by inpatient care (12% and 34%) and ambulatory care (4% and 26%). Percentage increases in costs associated with obesity were higher for women than men. The substantial costs associated with excess weight in different healthcare settings emphasize the need for investment to tackle this major public health problem.
Obesity is inversely related to the risks of dental caries in Korean adults
Authors: Song I‐S , Han K , Ryu J‐J , Park J‐B 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThis study investigated whether obesity is linked with dental caries. This study hypothesized that obesity may influence the number or prevalence of dental caries in Korean adults.Subjects and MethodsData were derived from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey performed at 2008–2010. Lifestyle, sociodemographic, and biochemical variables were analyzed. Indices related to obesity, sarcopenia, and metabolic syndrome were investigated. Finally, caries index and oral health behaviors were included for the analysis.ResultsThe caries index was inversely associated with increasing body mass index (BMI) and body fat quartile (all p‐values <.01). Subjects with high waist circumference who met the inclusion criteria of metabolic syndrome were less likely to have decayed tooth (p‐value = .0009). Subjects with a BMI of 25 or more showed about 20% less prevalence of dental caries experience than normal individuals with a BMI of 18.5 to 23 glucose (odds ratio [95% confidence intervals] = 0.808 [0.684–0.956]). Similarly, subjects with total body fat in the highest quartile revealed about 20% less prevalence of caries experiences that those with body fat proportion in the lowest quartile (0.84 [0.672,1.049]).ConclusionsObesity was inversely associated with occurrence or severity of dental caries in Korean adults.
Electricity consumption in Egypt: a long‐run analysis of its determinants
Authors: Kwakwa Paul Adjei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe study examined the determinants of electricity consumption for the Egyptian economy over the period of 1971–2012. An Engle‐Granger and the Phillips‐Ouliaris tests revealed that a long‐run relationship exists between electricity consumption, price, income, urbanisation, financial development, carbon emission, trade and education. Estimating the effects of these variables on the country's electricity consumption, the Phillips and Hansen (Review of Economic Studies, 57, 1990 and 99) Fully Modified OLS and Park's (Econometrica, 60, and 119) Canonical Cointegrating Regression models were employed. The estimated results showed that income, urbanisation, financial development, trade and education positively affect electricity consumption. While industrialisation had negative effect, price and carbon emissions were found not to have any significant effect on electricity consumption in Egypt. Policy implications based on the results are discussed.
Glanzmann's disease; gingival bleeding despite good OH
Authors: Malden N. , Al–Mahozi S. , Scully C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGingival bleeding is most commonly due to plaque‐related gingivitis. Haemostasis depends upon three phases – a vascular phase, a platelet phase and blood coagulation (clotting). Defects in any phase may lead to a bleeding tendency. Platelet defects are often quantitative (thrombocytopenia) and readily understood but there are also qualitative (thrombasthenia) defects – related to various platelet receptors. We report a rare case of gingival bleeding despite good oral health care the main complaint being that the patient was embarrassed by blood‐stained lips interfering with social interaction.
Primary Malignant Gingival Melanoma: Case Report and Educational Reminder
Authors: Mahmood H. , Chengot P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOral melanomas are extremely rare tumours accounting for approximately 1.6% of all head and neck malignancies. They usually have a silent clinical presentation but are distinctly more aggressive than all other types of melanoma. Poor patient awareness coupled with a lack of education amongst health care professionals in recognising premalignant pigmented lesions can result in delayed patient presentation and referral to specialist services for diagnosis and treatment. We present the case of a patient who was referred to the Oral Medicine Department at Leeds Dental Institute with a hyper‐pigmented lesion affecting the maxillary gingivae. Histopathology findings confirmed a diagnosis of primary malignant gingival melanoma (Breslow stage 1). The patient sadly died less than 6 months later. This case highlights the importance of early detection, timely referral and the need for greater public awareness in order to improve prognosis of such highly invasive lesions.
Investigation of nerve injury after lower third molar removal
Authors: Moosa Z. , Malden N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThis study was carried out to investigate the number of patients who developed a nerve injury (inferior alveolar nerve or lingual nerve) following lower third molar removal at the Edinburgh Dental Institute.Material and methodsA prospective cross sectional study was conducted at the Edinburgh Dental Institute. A total of 218 patients who underwent 236 mandibular third molar extractions were included in the study. They all signed a consent form and agreed to be a part of the study. All of them were followed up with a telephone interview 1 week post operatively and were asked if they had any altered sensations in the lip, chin and/or tongue. If they did, they were asked to attend for a clinical assessment.ResultsOf the 218 patients, 13 patients (5.5%) reported altered sensations in the telephone interview. Eleven reported altered sensations in the lip and/or chin. Two of the patients reported altered sensations in the tongue. So inferior alveolar nerve injury incidence was 4.7% while lingual nerve injury incidence was 0.9%. Eleven of the injuries were temporary and the other two patients remain under review as they are still reporting some altered sensations.ConclusionThe result correlates with the incidence of nerve injury available in the literature. However, to get a more accurate result, a study with a larger number of patients needs to be carried out.
Non‐traditional isotope perspectives in vertebrate palaeobiology
Authors: Martin Jeremy E. , Tacail Theo , Balter Vincent 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe recent development of multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS) notably in the disciplines of earth sciences, now allows the precise measurement of isotope ratios, even at low concentration. Non‐traditional isotope systems, such as alkaline earth (Ca, Mg) and transition (Cu, Fe, Zn) metals are now being measured in a variety of biological tissues, including bone and teeth. Although our understanding of the environmental and biological mechanisms behind the fractionation of such elements is still in its infancy, some of these isotopes are suspected to fractionate along the food chain, as has been reported in the literature for calcium, magnesium and zinc. Other geochemical methods, such as concentration analyses, permit a prior assessment of diagenesis in the fossils and such an approach indicates that in some circumstances, not only enamel but also dentine or bone can preserve its original biogenic composition. The aims here are to: review the current knowledge surrounding these various isotopic tools; address their potential preservation in biological apatite; and provide the palaeobiologist with a guide to the different toolkits available, including a discussion of their potential applications in vertebrate palaeobiology with a case study involving two mammal assemblages from the Pleistocene of Europe.
Epistatic influence in tomato Ve1‐mediated resistance
Authors: Castroverde C. D. M. , Xu X. , Blaya Fernández J. , Nazar R. N. , Robb J. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Resistance to Verticillium wilt disease is associated with the tomato Ve‐locus; however, the individual functional roles of Ve1 and Ve2 in host plants remain controversial.

As a first step towards Ve mutational analyses in planta, the Ve1 coding region from a resistant tomato near‐isoline (cv. Craigella GCR218) was introduced into a susceptible near‐isoline (cv. Craigella GCR26).

35S:Ve1 plants segregated into two distinct classes; roughly half were resistant and half were susceptible. Ve1 transcript levels were up‐regulated in both classes compared to wild‐type plants, showing stable transgenic expression. Expression analysis of Ve2 revealed that mRNA levels were similar between 35S:Ve1 and wild‐type tomatoes, demonstrating that Ve1 transgene introduction does not alter endogenous Ve2 expression.

Overall, the results of this study confirm the functional role of Ve1 protein in resistance to the vascular fungal pathogen V. dahliae race 1 (Vd1), but suggest that a yet undefined factor exerts an epistatic influence on the Ve1 gene.
Floral nectar of the obligate outcrossing Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. (Fabaceae) contains only one predominant protein, a class III acidic chitinase
Authors: Ma X. L. , Milne R. I. , Zhou H. X. , Fang J. Y. , Zha H. G. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Floral nectar can affect the fitness of insect‐pollinated plants, through both attraction and manipulation of pollinators. Self‐incompatible insect‐pollinated plants receive more insect visits than their self‐compatible relatives, and the nectar of such species might face increased risk of infestation by pathogens carried by pollinators than self‐compatible plants. Proteins in nectar (nectarins) play an important role in protecting the nectar, but little is known regarding nectarins in self‐incompatible species.

The nectarins from a self‐incompatible and insect‐pollinated leguminous crop, Canavalia gladiata, were separated using two‐dimensional electrophoresis and analysed using mass spectrometry. The predominant nectarin gene was cloned and the gene expression pattern investigated using quantitative real‐time PCR. Chitinolytic activity in the nectar was tested with different substrates.

The C. gladiata nectar proteome only has one predominant nectarin, an acidic class III chitinase (CaChi3). The full‐length CaChi3 gene was cloned, coding for a protein of 298 amino acids with a predicted signal peptide. CaChi3 is very similar to members of the class III chitinase family, whose evolution is dominated by purifying selection. CaChi3 was expressed in both nectary and leaves. CaChi3 has thermostable chitinolytic activity according to glycol‐chitin zymography or a fluorogenic substratem but has no lysozyme activity.

Chitinase might be a critical protein component in nectar. The extremely simple nectar proteome in C. gladiata disproves the hypothesis that self‐incompatible species always have more complex nectar proteomes. Accessibility of nectar might be a significant determinant of the evolutionary pressure to develop nectar defence mechanisms.
Effects of meiotic inhibitors and gonadotrophins on porcine oocytes in vitro maturation, fertilization and development
Authors: Gil MA , Nohalez A , Martinez CA , Ake‐Villanueva JR , Centurion‐Castro F , Maside C , Cuello C , Roca J , Parrilla I , Martinez EA 
Published: May 2017

ContentsThis study evaluated the effect of three reversible meiotic inhibitors (MINs) and their interaction with gonadotrophins (Gns) on the meiotic maturation and developmental competence of porcine oocytes. In experiment 1, the oocytes were matured for 22 hr in the presence or absence of dbcAMP (1 mM), cycloheximide (7 μM) or cilostamide (20 μM) with or without Gns, and for an additional 22 hr in the absence of MINs and Gns. At 22 hr of maturation, regardless of the presence of Gns, a higher proportion (p < .001) of oocytes cultured in the presence of MINs were effectively arrested at the germinal vesicle stage compared with the oocytes cultured without MINs. At 44 hr of maturation, the proportion of oocytes that reached MII was higher (p < .05) in groups with Gns compared with groups without Gns. In experiment 2, oocytes that were matured as in experiment 1 were inseminated and cultured for 7 days to evaluate fertilization parameters and blastocyst formation. Only oocytes from the dbcAMP + Gns group had higher (p < .05) efficiency of fertilization compared with the other treatment groups. The presence of dbcAMP during maturation also increased (p < .05) blastocyst formation and efficiency of blastocyst formation in both the presence and absence of Gns. These results indicate that the interaction of Gns with the tested MINs improved meiotic progression. In addition, regardless of supplementation with Gns, the presence of dbcAMP during the first maturation period increased and even doubled the capacity of oocytes to develop to the blastocyst stage.
Cell cycle synchronization and analysis of apoptosis‐related gene in skin fibroblasts from domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) and kodkod (Leopardus guigna)
Authors: Veraguas D , Gallegos PF , Castro FO , Rodriguez‐Alvarez L 
Published: May 2017

ContentsThe kodkod population is in constant decrease and the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) might help to preserve the genetic pool of this species. The cell cycle synchronization of donor cells plays a crucial role in SCNT. The objective of this research was to evaluate two different methods for quiescence induction, serum starvation (SS) and contact inhibition (CI), both for 1, 3 and 5 days, on skin fibroblast from domestic cat and kodkod. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that in domestic cat, SS and CI, both at 3 and 5 days, increased the percentage of fibroblasts in G0/G1 compared to growing cells (GC) (p < .05). In kodkod, only SS for 3 and 5 days and CI for 1 and 3 days increased the percentage of fibroblasts in G0/G1 compared to GC (p < .05). Viability analysis by differential staining revealed that SS for 5 days decreased the proportion of live fibroblasts in domestic cat and kodkod (p < .05). Regarding gene expression analysis, in domestic cat fibroblasts, no differences were found in the BAX/BCL2 ratio in SS and CI (both at 1, 3 and 5 days) compared to GC. In kodkod fibroblasts, BAX/BCL2 ratio was increased in CI at 3 and 5 days compared to SS at 3 and 5 days (p < .05). In conclusion, in kodkod fibroblasts SS for 5 days and CI after 3 days might have a negative impact on cellular viability. According to these results, we suggest SS for 3 days for cell cycle synchronization in kodkod fibroblasts.