bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análisis de las relaciones sociales durante el embarazo en mujeres con y sin morbilidad materna extrema. Medellín, 2011-2012
Authors: Agudelo Londoño Sandra Milena , González-Ortiz Luz Denise , Vélez-Álvarez Gladis Adriana , Gómez-Dávila Joaquín , Gómez-Arias Rubén Darío 
Published: September 2016

<p>Introducción: los vínculos que establecemos se configuran en redes sociales. El análisis de estas redes nos permite comprender su influencia en la salud materna, asunto poco estudiado. Objetivo: caracterizar las redes sociales de gestantes con y sin diagnóstico de morbilidad materna extrema. Metodología: se realizó un análisis de las redes de seiscientas mujeres: 150 maternas diagnosticadas con morbilidad materna extrema y 450 gestantes sanas, configurándose así un estudio de casos y controles. Las maternas estuvieron hospitalizadas en hospitales de Medellín durante el 2011 y el 2012, donde respondieron una encuesta de caracterización de las relaciones sociales durante el embarazo. Resultados: las maternas reportaron relaciones extensas, densas y cercanas y se mostraron satisfechas con el soporte social recibido. La morbilidad materna extrema se asoció con la exposición a alguna forma de agresión, contar con un mayor número de contactos y mayor satisfacción con la red. Este último puede ser un sesgo del diseño utilizado.</p>
Gasto farmacéutico en diabetes mellitus en una región de España según el Clinical Risk Group, 2012
Authors: Alvis Estrada Luis , Vivas-Consuelo David , Caballer-Tarazona Vicent , Usó-Talamantes Ruth , Sancho-Mestre Carla , Buigues-Pastor Laia 
Published: September 2016

<p>Se pretende estimar la multimorbilidad asociada con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y su relación con el gasto farmacéutico, para lo cual se realizó un estudio de corte transversal durante el año 2012. Se identificó a 350 015 individuos diabéticos, a través de códigos clínicos, usando la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades y el software 3M Clinical Risk Groups. Todos los pacientes fueron clasificados en cuatro grupos de morbilidad. El primer grupo corresponde al estadio inicial, el segundo grupo incluye el núcleo de multimorbilidad de pacientes en fases intermedia y avanzada, el tercer grupo incluye pacientes con diabetes y enfermedades malignas, y el último grupo es de pacientes en estado catastrófico, principalmente enfermos renales crónicos. La prevalencia bruta de diabetes fue de 6,7 %. El gasto promedio total fue de € 1257,1. La diabetes se caracteriza por una fuerte presencia de otras condiciones crónicas y tiene un gran impacto en el gasto farmacéutico.</p>
Gestión del talento humano en salud pública. Un análisis en cinco ciudades colombianas, 2014
Authors: Molina Marím Gloria , Oquendo-Lozano Tatiana , Rodríguez-Garzón Sergio , Montoya-Gómez Nilton , Vesga-Gómez Celmira , Lagos-Campos Nancy , Almanza-Payares Rita , Chavarro-Medina Martha , Goenaga-Jiménez Eloina , Arboleda-Posada Gladys 
Published: September 2016

<p>Objetivo: describir las condiciones laborales del personal de salud vinculado a programas de salud pública. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal a una muestra representativa de 672 personas vinculadas a instituciones de salud habilitadas por el Ministerio de Salud en el 2013, que proveían servicios y programas de salud pública. Resultados: los hallazgos sugieren que la mayor parte del personal vinculado a servicios y programas de salud pública tenía formación en medicina, enfermería y odontología, condiciones laborales problemáticas —dado que predomina la contratación de corto plazo— y la cobertura en capacitación en salud pública era baja. La mayor idoneidad en salud pública de los encuestados se asoció con haber aprobado el examen de conocimiento para ingresar a la institución y tener evaluación del desempeño. Conclusión: se evidenció limitación en la formación y en la capacitación y deficientes condiciones laborales del personal que laboraba en los programas de salud pública.</p>
Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rib Orientation on Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Rotating Serpentine Passages
Authors: Brahim Berrabah 
Published: September 2016

The effect of rib orientation on flow and heat transfer in a four-pass square channel with skewed ribs in nonorthogonal-mode rotation was numerically studied by using omega-based Reynolds stress model (SMC−ω). Two cases are examined: in first case, the ribs are oriented with respect to the main flow direction at an angle of −45 deg in the first and third passage and at an angle of +45 deg in the second passage. The second case is identical to the first case with the ribs oriented at angle of +45 deg in the three passages. The calculations are carried out for a Reynolds number of 25,000, a rotation number of 0.24, and a density ratio of 0.13. The results show that the secondary flows induced by −45 deg ribs and by rotation combine partially destructively in the first and third passage of first case. In contrast, for second case, the secondary flows induced by +45 deg ribs and by rotation combine constructively in the first passage, while the flow is dominated by the vortices induced by +45 deg ribs in the third passage. In first case, a significant degradation of the heat transfer rate is observed on the coleading side of the first passage and on both cotrailing and coleading sides of the third as compared to second case. Consequently, the rib orientations at +45 deg are preferred in the radial outward flowing passage with an acceptable pressure drop. The numerical results are in agreement with the available experimental data.
Impact of Fatigue on Positional Movements During Professional Rugby Union Match Play
Authors: Tee Jason C. , Lambert Mike I. , Coopoo Yoga 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:In team sports, fatigue is manifested by a self-regulated decrease in movement distance and intensity. There is currently limited information on the effect of fatigue on movement patterns in rugby union match play, particularly for players in different position groups (backs vs forwards). This study investigated the effect of different match periods on movement patterns of professional rugby union players.Methods:Global positioning system (GPS) data were collected from 46 professional match participations to determine temporal effects on movement patterns.Results:Total relative distance (m/min) was decreased in the 2nd half for both forwards (–13%, ±8%, ES = very likely large) and backs (–9%, ±7%, ES = very likely large). A larger reduction in high-intensity-running distance in the 2nd half was observed for forwards (–27%, ±16%, ES = very likely medium) than for backs (–10%, ±15%; ES = unclear). Similar patterns were observed for sprint (>6 m/s) frequency (forwards –29%, ±29%, ES = likely small vs backs –13% ±18%, ES = possibly small) and acceleration (>2.75 m/s2) frequency (forwards –27%, ±24%, ES = likely medium vs backs –5%, ±46%, ES = unclear). Analysis of 1st- and 2nd-half quartiles revealed differing pacing strategies for forwards and backs. Forwards display a “slow-positive” pacing strategy, while the pacing strategy of backs is “flat.”Conclusions:Forwards suffered progressively greater performance decrements over the course of the match, while backs were able to maintain performance intensity. These findings reflect differing physical demands, notably contact and running loads, of players in different positions.
Cluster Sets: Permitting Greater Mechanical Stress Without Decreasing Relative Velocity
Authors: Tufano James J. , Conlon Jenny A. , Nimphius Sophia , Brown Lee E. , Banyard Harry G. , Williamson Bryce D. , Bishop Leslie G. , Hopper Amanda J. , Haff G. Gregory 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:To determine the effects of intraset rest frequency and training load on muscle time under tension, external work, and external mechanical power output during back-squat protocols with similar changes in velocity.Methods:Twelve strength-trained men (26.0 ± 4.2 y, 83.1 ± 8.8 kg, 1.75 ± 0.06 m, 1.88:0.19 one-repetition-maximum [1RM] body mass) performed 3 sets of 12 back squats using 3 different set structures: traditional sets with 60% 1RM (TS), cluster sets of 4 with 75% 1RM (CS4), and cluster sets of 2 with 80% 1RM (CS2). Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to determine differences in peak force (PF), mean force (MF), peak velocity (PV), mean velocity (MV), peak power (PP), mean power (MP), total work (TW), total time under tension (TUT), percentage mean velocity loss (%MVL), and percentage peak velocity loss (%PVL) between protocols.Results:Compared with TS and CS4, CS2 resulted in greater MF, TW, and TUT in addition to less MV, PV, and MP. Similarly, CS4 resulted in greater MF, TW, and TUT in addition to less MV, PV, and MP than TS did. There were no differences between protocols for %MVL, %PVL, PF, or PP.Conclusions:These data show that the intraset rest provided in CS4 and CS2 allowed for greater external loads than with TS, increasing TW and TUT while resulting in similar PP and %VL. Therefore, cluster-set structures may function as an alternative method to traditional strength- or hypertrophy-oriented training by increasing training load without increasing %VL or decreasing PP.
Effects of Velocity Loss During Resistance Training on Performance in Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Pareja-Blanco Fernando , Sánchez-Medina Luis , Suárez-Arrones Luis , González-Badillo Juan José 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:To analyze the effects of 2 resistance-training (RT) programs that used the same relative loading but different repetition volume, using the velocity loss during the set as the independent variable: 15% (VL15) vs 30% (VL30).Methods:Sixteen professional soccer players with RT experience (age 23.8 ± 3.5 y, body mass 75.5 ± 8.6 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 groups, VL15 (n = 8) or VL30 (n = 8), that followed a 6-wk (18-session) velocity-based squat-training program. Repetition velocity was monitored in all sessions. Assessments performed before (Pre) and after training (Post) included estimated 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and change in average mean propulsive velocity (AMPV) against absolute loads common to Pre and Post tests, countermovement jump (CMJ), 30-m sprint (T30), and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (YIRT). Null-hypothesis significance testing and magnitude-based-inference statistical analyses were performed.Results:VL15 obtained greater gains in CMJ height than VL30 (P < .05), with no significant differences between groups for the remaining variables. VL15 showed a likely/possibly positive effect on 1RM (91/9/0%), AMPV (73/25/2%), and CMJ (87/12/1%), whereas VL30 showed possibly/unclear positive effects on 1RM (65/33/2%) and AMPV (46/36/18%) and possibly negative effects on CMJ (4/38/57%). The effects on T30 performance were unclear/unlikely for both groups, whereas both groups showed most likely/likely positive effects on YIRT.Conclusions:A velocity-based RT program characterized by a low degree of fatigue (15% velocity loss in each set) is effective to induce improvements in neuromuscular performance in professional soccer players with previous RT experience.
Assessing Muscle-Strength Asymmetry via a Unilateral-Stance Isometric Midthigh Pull
Authors: Dos’Santos Thomas , Thomas Christopher , Jones Paul A. , Comfort Paul 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:To investigate the within-session reliability of bilateral- and unilateral-stance isometric midthigh-pull (IMTP) force–time characteristics including peak force (PF), relative PF, and impulse at time bands (0–100, 0–200, 0–250, and 0–300 milliseconds) and to compare isometric force–time characteristics between right and left and dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) limbs.Methods:Professional male rugby league and multisport male college athletes (N = 54; age, 23.4 ± 4.2 y; height, 1.80 ± 0.05 m; mass, 88.9 ± 12.9 kg) performed 3 bilateral IMTP trials and 6 unilateral-stance IMTP trials (3 per leg) on a force plate sampling at 600 Hz.Results:Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and coefficients of variation (CVs) demonstrated high within-session reliability for bilateral and unilateral IMTP PF (ICC = .94, CV = 4.7–5.5%). Lower reliability measures and greater variability were observed for bilateral and unilateral IMTP impulse at time bands (ICC = .81–.88, CV = 7.7–11.8%). Paired-sample t tests and Cohen d effect sizes revealed no significant differences for all isometric force–time characteristics between right and left limbs in male college athletes (P >.05, d ≤ 0.32) and professional rugby league players (P > .05, d ≤ 0.11); however, significant differences were found between D and ND limbs in male college athletes (P < .001, d = 0.43–0.91) and professional rugby league players (P < .001, d = 0.27–0.46).Conclusion:This study demonstrated high within-session reliability for unilateral-stance IMTP PF, revealing significant differences in isometric force–time characteristics between D and ND limbs in male athletes.
Pacing Strategy During 24-Hour Ultramarathon-Distance Running
Authors: Bossi Arthur H. , Matta Guilherme G. , Millet Guillaume Y. , Lima Pedro , Pertence Leonardo C. , de Lima Jorge P. , Hopker James G. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:To describe pacing strategy in a 24-h running race and its interaction with sex, age group, athletes’ performance group, and race edition.Methods:Data from 398 male and 103 female participants of 5 editions were obtained based on a minimum 19.2-h effective-running cutoff. Mean running speed from each hour was normalized to the 24-h mean speed for analyses.Results:Mean overall performance was 135.6 ± 33.0 km with a mean effective-running time of 22.4 ± 1.3 h. Overall data showed a reverse J-shaped pacing strategy, with a significant reduction in speed from the second-to-last to the last hour. Two-way mixed ANOVAs showed significant interactions between racing time and both athlete performance group (F = 7.01, P < .001, ηp2 = .04) and race edition (F = 3.01, P < .001, ηp2 = .02) but not between racing time and either sex (F = 1.57, P = .058, ηp 2 < .01) or age group (F = 1.25, P = .053, ηp2 = .01). Pearson product–moment correlations showed an inverse moderate association between performance and normalized mean running speed in the first 2 h (r = –.58, P < .001) but not in the last 2 h (r = .03, P = .480).Conclusions:While the general behavior represents a rough reverse J-shaped pattern, the fastest runners start at lower relative intensities and display a more even pacing strategy than slower runners. The “herd behavior” seems to interfere with pacing strategy across editions, but not sex or age group of runners.
How Much Walking Should be Advocated for Good Health in Adolescent Girls?
Authors: MacDonald Mhairi , Fawkner Samantha G. , Niven Ailsa 
Published: September 2016

Background:It is currently not known how much walking should be advocated for good health in adolescent girls. The aim of this study was therefore to recommend health referenced standards for step defined physical activity relating to appropriate health criterion/indicators in a group of adolescent girls.Method:Two hundred and thirty adolescent girls aged between 12 to 15 years volunteered to take part in the study. Each participant undertook measurements (BMI, waist circumference, % body fat, and blood pressure) to define health status. Activity data were collected by pedometer and used to assess daily step counts and accumulated daily activity time over 7 consecutive days.Results:Individuals classified as ‘healthy’ did not take significantly more steps·day–1 nor spend more time in moderate intensity activity than individuals classified as at health risk or with poor health profiles.Conclusion:‘Healthy’ adolescent girls do not walk significantly more in term of steps·day–1 or time spent in activity than girls classified as ‘unhealthy.’ This could suggest that adolescent girls may not walk enough to stratify health and health related outcomes and as a result the data could not be used to inform an appropriate step guideline for this population.
Associations of Perceived and Objectively Measured Neighborhood Environmental Attributes With Leisure-Time Sitting for Transport
Authors: Liao Yung , Sugiyama Takemi , Shibata Ai , Ishii Kaori , Inoue Shigeru , Koohsari Mohammad Javad , Owen Neville , Oka Koichiro 
Published: September 2016

Background:This study examined associations of perceived and objectively measured neighborhood environmental attributes with leisure-time sitting for transport among middle-to-older aged Japanese adults.Method:Data were collected using a postal survey of 998 adults aged 40 to 69 years. Generalized linear modeling with a gamma distribution and a log link was used to examine associations of perceived (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Environmental module) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-derived built environment attributes with self-reported leisure-time sitting for transport.Results:Mean leisure-time sitting time for transport was 20.4 min/day. After adjusting for potential confounders, perceived higher residential density, GIS-measured higher population density, better access to destinations, better access to public transport, longer sidewalk length, and higher street connectivity, were associated significantly with lower sitting time for transport.Conclusion:Residents living in neighborhoods with attributes previously found to be associated with more walking tended to spend less time sitting for transport during leisure-time. The health benefits of walkability-related attributes may accrue not only through increased physical activity, but also through less sedentary time.
Incident Type 2 Diabetes in a Large Australian Cohort Study: Does Physical Activity or Sitting Time Alter the Risk Associated With Body Mass Index?
Authors: Nguyen Binh , Bauman Adrian , Ding Ding 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:To examine the combined effects of body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA) and sitting on incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Australian adults.Methods:A sample of 29,572 adults aged ≥45 years from New South Wales, Australia, completed baseline (2006–2008) and follow-up (2010) questionnaires. Incident T2DM was defined as self-reported, physician-diagnosed diabetes at follow-up. BMI was categorized as normal/overweight/obese. PA was tertiled into low/medium/ high. Sitting was dichotomized as higher/lower sitting (≥ 8 hours/day or < 8 hours/day). Odds ratios (OR) were estimated for developing T2DM using logistics regression for individual and combined risk factors, and data stratified by BMI categories.Results:During a mean 2.7 (SD: 0.9) years of follow-up, 611 (2.1%) participants developed T2DM. In fully adjusted models, BMI was the only independent risk factor for incident T2DM. In stratified analyses, the association between BMI and T2DM did not differ significantly across sitting or PA categories. Overweight/obese individuals with high PA and lower sitting had higher odds of incident T2DM than normal counterparts with low PA and higher sitting.Conclusions:High PA/low sitting did not attenuate the risk of T2DM associated with overweight/obesity. Maintaining a healthy weight, by adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors, is critical for T2DM prevention.
Achilles Tendon Adaptation During Transition to a Minimalist Running Style
Authors: Joseph Michael F. , Histen Katherine , Arntsen Julia , L’Hereux Lauren , Defeo Carmine , Lockwood Derek , Scheer Todd , Denegar Craig R. 
Published: September 2016

Context:Achilles tendons (ATs) adapt to increased loading generated by long-term adoption of a minimalist shoe running style. There may be difference in the chronology and extent of adaptation between the sexes.Objective:To learn the chronology of AT adaptations in female and male runners who transitioned to a minimalist running style through a planned, progressive 12-wk transition program.Design:Prospective cohort study of well-trained, traditionally shod runners who transitioned to minimalist shoe running.Setting:Repeated laboratory assessment at baseline and 3, 12, and 24 wk after initiating transition program.Participants:Fifteen women and 7 men (of 29 enrolled) completed the study.Main Outcome Measures:The authors used diagnostic ultrasound and isokinetic dynamometry to generate a force elongation curve and its derivatives at each time point.Results:Greater adaptations were observed in men than in women, with men generating more force and having greater increases in CSA, stiffness, and Young’s modulus and less elongation after 12 wk of training.Conclusion:Men demonstrated changes in AT properties that were consistent with increased loading of the triceps surae during exercise. The women demonstrated far smaller changes. Further investigation is warranted to understand when adaptations may occur in women and the implications of altered AT mechanical properties for performance and injury risk.
Activity Profiles and the Associations With Weight Status in Population Studies of Young Children: Are There Gender Differences?
Authors: O’Neill Aoife , Dowd Kieran , O’Gorman Clodagh , Hannigan Ailish , Walsh Cathal , Purtill Helen 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:Profiling activity behaviors in young children is important to understand changes in weight status over time. The purpose of this study is to identify activity profiles from self- and parental-reported Physical Activity (PA) and Sedentary Behavior (SB) variables by gender, and determine if the identified profiles are predictive of weight change from age 9–13 years.Methods:Cluster analysis was used to generate activity profiles for the National Longitudinal Study of 8570 9-year-old children (Growing Up in Ireland).Results:5.4% of boys were found to be obese. Four cohesive activity profiles were identified for boys, with 7.3% of boys in the least active group identified as obese compared with 4.1% in the most active group. The odds of a normal weight 9-year-old boy in the least active profile becoming overweight or obese at age 13 were over twice those in most active profile (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.9, 3.5). No coherent activity profiles were identified for girls.Conclusions:This study suggests that self- and parental-reported data can identify meaningful activity profiles for boys, which are predictive of weight changes over time. Future research should consider potential gender differences in self- and parental-reported PA and SB variables.
Contrast Loading Increases Upper Body Power Output in Junior Volleyball Athletes
Authors: Smilios Ilias , Sotiropoulos Konstantinos , Barzouka Karolina , Christou Marios , Tokmakidis Savvas P. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:This study examined the acute effects of contrast loading on mechanical power output during bench-press throws in junior volleyball players.Method:Eleven males (age: 16.5 ± 0.5 years) performed a contrast loading and a control protocol. The contrast protocol included the execution of 3 bench-throws with a 30% load of 1RM, after 3 min a conditioning set of 5 bench-throws with a 60% load of 1RM and after 3 and 5 min two more sets of 3 bench-throws with a 30% load of 1RM. The control protocol included the execution of 3 sets of 3 bench-throws with a 30% load of 1RM at the same time points as in the contrast protocol without the execution of the conditioning set.Results:Mechanical power with a 30% load was higher (p < .05) 3 and 5 min following the conditioning set at the contrast protocol compared with the control protocol (8.7 ± 7.5 and 10.4 ± 3.4%, respectively). High correlations (p < .05) were obtained between participant’s relative maximal strength (r = .87) and power (r = .82) and the increases in power output.Conclusion:Contrast loading increases upper body power output produced with a light load by junior athletes. The potential for increased upper body performance is more evident in stronger or more powerful individuals.