bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing Sensitization and Kindling‐like Progression in the Recurrent Mood Disorders
Authors: Post Robert M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe bipolar and unipolar mood disorders are complex multifactorial illnesses with the potential to progress through a number of stages of increasing morbidity if inadequately treated. Although genetic vulnerability remains constant, stressors, episodes of illness, and bouts of substance recur, sensitize, and cross‐sensitize to each other in a long‐lasting fashion, likely based on epigenetic mechanisms. As such, stressors, episodes, and abused substances become major targets for therapeutic intervention, amelioration, and prevention in an effort to slow illness progression and the multiple consequences of accumulating illness burden: medical disability, cognitive dysfunction, treatment refractoriness, and dementia in old age. Virtually every aspect of illness vulnerability, early onset, and adverse course is more severe in the United States than in many European countries.A paradigm shift toward earlier, more intense, and more consistent psychotherapeutic and pharmacological intervention is required to attempt to reverse this virulent course of bipolar illness in the United States.
Mental Health Stigma: Theory, Developmental Issues, and Research Priorities
Authors: Martinez Andres G. , Hinshaw Stephen P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMental health stigma is arguablythefundamental issue in the entire mental health field, including developmental psychopathology, given its impact on every participant in the enterprise: scientists, clinicians, social theorists, policymakers, and those contending with mental disorder as well as their many associates. This chapter synthesizes core findings in mental health stigma research and articulates strategies to strengthen its explanatory and applied reach. Specifically, topics include theoretical perspectives on stigma (including social psychological and evolutionary approaches), historical accounts, empirical and cultural evidence for stigma, intersecting developmental themes, future research directions, and strategies to overcome mental health stigma. The chapter includes an integrative theoretical model, incorporating the vantage point of thesocial perceiver(the person doing the stigmatizing) and thetarget(the experiencer) of that stigma. It is concluded that although stigma processes may be universal—given evidence that stigma is pancultural and even evolutionarily wired into the mind/brain as an “us” versus “them” module—it can nevertheless be meaningfully reduced. Stigma reduction efforts must consist of multilevel interventions that leverage psychological, family, community, and policy factors.
Assessment of genetic fidelity and composition: Mixed elicitors enhance triterpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. tissue cultures
Authors: Wang Juan , Li Jing , Wu Xiaolei , Liu Shujie , Li Hongfa , Gao Wenyuan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGlycyrrhiza uralensis has acquired significant importance due to its medicinal properties and health function. In this study, the quality of G. uralensis adventitious roots was evaluated in terms of genetic stability, active compounds, and anti‐inflammatory activity. Monomorphic banding pattern obtained from the mother plant and tissue cultures of G. uralensis with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers confirmed the genetic stability of adventitious roots. Neoliquiritin (neoisoliquiritin), ononin, liquiritin, and glycyrrhizic acid were identified from G. uralensis adventitious roots on the basis of high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. This study also revealed that adventitious roots possessed a better anti‐inflammatory effect than native roots. To increase the contents of G. uralensis active components, elicitors were used in the adventitious roots culture. The combination of methyl jasmonate and phenylalanine synergistically stimulated the accumulation of glycyrrhetinic acid (0.22 mg/g) and total flavonoid (5.43 mg/g) compared with single treatment. In conclusion, G. uralensis adventitious roots can be an exploitable system for the production of licorice.
Elevated congenital anomaly rates and incorporated cesium‐137 in the Polissia region of Ukraine
Authors: Wertelecki Wladimir , Koerblein Alfred , Ievtushok Bogdana , Zymak‐Zakutnia Nataliya , Komov Oleksandr , Kuznietsov Illia , Lapchenko Serhiy , Sosyniuk Zoriana 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundInvestigations soon after the 1986 Chornobyl (Chernobyl in Russian) accident of exposed populations residing elsewhere in Europe led government and international agencies to conclude that exposures to cesium‐137 (Cs‐137) were not teratogenic. Our observations of elevated population rates of neural tube defects (NTDs) and microcephaly and microphthalmia (M/M) in the Rivne Province in Ukraine, which were among the highest in Europe, prompted this follow‐up investigation inclusive of whole‐body counts (WBCs) of Cs‐137 among ambulatory patients and pregnant women residing in Polissia, the most polluted region in Rivne.MethodsYearly (2000–2012) population rates of NTDs and M/M and WBC patterns of ambulatory patients (2001–2010) and pregnant women (2011–2013) in Polissia and non‐Polissia regions of Rivne were analyzed.ResultsThe NTD and M/M population rates in Rivne remain elevated and are statistically significantly higher in Polissia than in non‐Polissia. The WBCs among residents in Polissia are statistically significantly higher than among those from non‐Polissia.ConclusionNTD and M/M rates are highest in the Polissia region of Rivne and are among the highest in Europe. In Polissia, the WBCs of Cs‐137 are above officially set permissible upper limits. The results are based on aggregate data of NTDs and M/Ms and average WBC values. Further investigations of causality of the high rates of NTDs and M/Ms are needed and urgent strengthening policies and implementations to reduce exposures to teratogens, in particular radioactive nuclides and alcohol, and consumption of folic acid supplements are indicated. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:194–200, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bio‐Innovativ: Netzwerk Lehrerfortbildung
Authors: Wenning Silvia , Sandmann Angela 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFachdidaktisch und fachlich innovatives Know‐how für Lehrkräfte bietet die Didaktik der Biologie der Universität Duisburg‐Essen in dem Netzwerk Bio‐Innovativ an. Kern der Konzeption ist die Zusammenarbeit und gegenseitige Unterstützung von Akteuren aller Lehrerbildungsphasen. Die Fortbildungsangebote für Biologielehrerinnen und ‐lehrer aller Schulformen sind theoriebasiert konzipiert, greifen aktuelle Forschung und bildungspolitische Schwerpunkte auf und intendieren den Transfer in die Schulpraxis. Derzeit nutzen mehr als 300 Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer pro Jahr die Angebote mit steigender Tendenz und hervorragenden Bewertungen, wie die Evaluation zeigt.
Effiziente Versuchsplanung nach Taguchi
Authors: Hauk Andrea 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWaren Sie schon einmal an der Optimierung eines Experiments in der Entwicklung beteiligt? Dann kennen Sie sicher die “one‐factor‐at‐a‐time” Methode, bei der jeweils eine Einflussgröße variiert wird, während alle anderen Faktoren konstant bleiben. Mit Glück kommt man hier schnell zum Ziel. Mitunter ist diese Methode aber aufwändig und langwierig und man optimiert gefühlt bis zum Erbrechen .
Randomized clinical trial of prehabilitation before planned liver resection
Authors: Dunne D F J , Jack S , Jones R P , Jones L , Lythgoe D T , Malik H Z , Poston G J , Palmer D H , Fenwick S W 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background
Patients with low fitness as assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) have higher mortality and morbidity after surgery. Preoperative exercise intervention, or prehabilitation, has been suggested as a method to improve CPET values and outcomes. This trial sought to assess the capacity of a 4-week supervised exercise programme to improve fitness before liver resection for colorectal liver metastasis.

Methods
This was a randomized clinical trial assessing the effect of a 4-week (12 sessions) high-intensity cycle, interval training programme in patients undergoing elective liver resection for colorectal liver metastases. The primary endpoint was oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold. Secondary endpoints included other CPET values and preoperative quality of life (QoL) assessed using the SF-36®.

Results
Thirty-eight patients were randomized (20 to prehabilitation, 18 to standard care), and 35 (25 men and 10 women) completed both preoperative assessments and were analysed. The median age was 62 (i.q.r. 54–69) years, and there were no differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. Prehabilitation led to improvements in preoperative oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (+1·5 (95 per cent c.i. 0·2 to 2·9) ml per kg per min) and peak exercise (+2·0 (0·0 to 4·0) ml per kg per min). The oxygen pulse (oxygen uptake per heart beat) at the anaerobic threshold improved (+0·9 (0·0 to 1·8) ml/beat), and a higher peak work rate (+13 (4 to 22) W) was achieved. This was associated with improved preoperative QoL, with the overall SF-36® score increasing by 11 (95 per cent c.i. 1 to 21) (P = 0·028) and the overall SF-36® mental health score by 11 (1 to 22) (P = 0·037).

Conclusion
A 4-week prehabilitation programme can deliver improvements in CPET scores and QoL before liver resection. This may impact on perioperative outcome. Registration number: NCT01523353 (https://clinicaltrials.gov).
Machine learning‐based classification of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma patients by eight gene expression profiles
Authors: Zhao Shuangtao , Dong Xiaoli , Shen Wenzhi , Ye Zhen , Xiang Rong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGene expression profiling (GEP) had divided the diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into molecular subgroups: germinal center B‐cell like (GCB), activated B‐cell like (ABC), and unclassified (UC) subtype. However, this classification with prognostic significance was not applied into clinical practice since there were more than 1000 genes to detect and interpreting was difficult. To classify cancer samples validly, eight significant genes (MYBL1, LMO2, BCL6, MME, IRF4, NFKBIZ, PDE4B, and SLA) were selected in 414 patients treated with CHOP/R‐CHOP chemotherapy from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets. Cutoffs for each gene were obtained using receiver–operating characteristic curves (ROC) new model based on the support vector machine (SVM) estimated the probability of membership into one of two subgroups: GCB and Non‐GCB (ABC and UC). Furtherly, multivariate analysis validated the model in another two cohorts including 855 cases in all. As a result, patients in the training and validated cohorts were stratified into two subgroups with 94.0%, 91.0%, and 94.4% concordance with GEP, respectively. Patients with Non‐GCB subtype had significantly poorer outcomes than that with GCB subtype, which agreed with the prognostic power of GEP classification. Moreover, the similar prognosis received in the low (0–2) and high (3–5) IPI scores group demonstrated that the new model was independent of IPI as well as GEP method. In conclusion, our new model could stratify DLBCL patients with CHOP/R‐CHOP regimen matching GEP subtypes effectively.
The Effect of Dissolved Gases as Impurities on Crystallization
Authors: Huang Jiting , Yin Qiuxiang , Ulrich Joachim 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGases dissolved in solvents are usually low in amount but introduce many impurities to certain systems, thus creating disadvantages or advantages which have so far been seldom reported. Evidence of the effects of dissolved gases as impurities on crystallization is provided here. Four types of gases were used. By bubbling these gases into a solvent, gas‐saturated solutions were prepared, whereas the degassed solvent was used as a comparison. The results show that different types of gases (including the degassed solvent) do change the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects to a different degree. The pH values of the epsomite solutions that were saturated with different types of gases turned out to be different compared to the untreated solutions, indicating that the gas‐liquid‐solid equilibrium varied.
Phenanthrene Purification: Comparison of Zone Melting and Co‐Crystallization
Authors: Burel Antoine , Brugman Sander J. T. , Mignot Mélanie , Cartigny Yohann , Tisse Séverine , Couvrat Nicolas , Peulon‐Agasse Valérie , Cardinael Pascal , Coquerel Gérard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe purification of phenanthrene is a prerequisite before studying its solid‐solid phase transition at the molecular scale. Two purification methods, namely, zone melting and co‐crystallization with 3,5‐dinitrobenzoic acid, were separately studied and compared, in view of reaching ultrapurity which means a purity of > 99.9 mol %. An explanation of the relationship between the efficiency of both techniques by using phase diagrams has been attempted. A novel strategy is proposed to optimize phenanthrene ultrapurification based on a combination of the two methods.
Synthetic Control of the Excited‐State Dynamics and Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Fluorescent “Push–Pull” Tetrathia[9]helicenes
Authors: Yamamoto Yuki , Sakai Hayato , Yuasa Junpei , Araki Yasuyuki , Wada Takehiko , Sakanoue Tomo , Takenobu Taishi , Kawai Tsuyoshi , Hasobe Taku 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA series of fluorescent “push‐pull” tetrathia[9]helicenes based on quinoxaline (acceptor) fused with tetrathia[9]helicene (donor) derivatives was synthesized for control of the excited‐state dynamics and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties. In this work, introduction of a quinoxaline onto the tetrathia[9]helicene skeleton induced the “push–pull” character, which was enhanced by further introduction of an electron‐releasing Me2N group or an electron‐withdrawing NC group onto the quinoxaline unit (denoted as Me2N‐QTTH and NC‐QTTH, respectively). These trends were successfully discussed in terms of by electrochemical measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. As a consequence, significant enhancements in the fluorescence quantum yields (ΦFL) were achieved. In particular, the maximum ΦFL of Me2N‐QTTH was 0.43 in benzene (NC‐QTTH: ΦFL=0.30), which is more than 20 times larger than that of a pristine tetrathia[9]helicene (denoted as TTH; ΦFL=0.02). These enhancements were also explained by kinetic discussion of the excited‐state dynamics such as fluorescence and intersystem crossing (ISC) pathways. Such significant enhancements of the ΦFL values thus enabled us to show the excellent CPL properties. The value of anisotropy factor gCPL (normalized difference in emission of right‐handed and left‐handed circularly polarized light) was estimated to be 3.0×10−3 for NC‐QTTH.
Alkaline‐Earth‐Catalysed Cross‐Dehydrocoupling of Amines and Hydrosilanes: Reactivity Trends, Scope and Mechanism
Authors: Bellini Clément , Dorcet Vincent , Carpentier Jean‐François , Tobisch Sven , Sarazin Yann 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAlkaline‐earth (Ae=Ca, Sr, Ba) complexes are shown to catalyse the chemoselective cross‐dehydrocoupling (CDC) of amines and hydrosilanes. Key trends were delineated in the benchmark couplings of Ph3SiH with pyrrolidine ortBuNH2. Ae{E(SiMe3)2}2⋅(THF)x(E=N, CH;x=2–3) are more efficient than {N^N}Ae{E(SiMe3)2}⋅(THF)n(E=N, CH;n=1–2) complexes (where {N^N}−={ArN(o‐C6H4)C(H)=NAr}−with Ar=2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3) bearing an iminoanilide ligand, and alkyl precatalysts are better than amido analogues. Turnover frequencies (TOFs) increase in the order Ca<Sr<Ba. Ba{CH(SiMe3)2}2⋅(THF)3displays the best performance (TOF up to 3600 h−1). The substrate scope (>30 products) includes diamines and di(hydrosilane)s. Kinetic analysis of the Ba‐promoted CDC of pyrrolidine and Ph3SiH shows that 1) the kinetic law is rate=k[Ba]1[amine]0[hydrosilane]1, 2) electron‐withdrawingp‐substituents on the arylhydrosilane improve the reaction rate and 3) a maximal kinetic isotopic effect (kSiH/kSiD=4.7) is seen for Ph3SiX (X=H, D). DFT calculations identified the prevailing mechanism; instead of an inaccessible σ‐bond‐breaking metathesis pathway, the CDC appears to follow a stepwise reaction path with N−Si bond‐forming nucleophilic attack of the catalytically competent Ba pyrrolide onto the incoming silane, followed by rate limiting hydrogen‐atom transfer to barium. The participation of a Ba silyl species is prevented energetically. The reactivity trend Ca<Sr<Ba results from greater accessibility of the metal centre and decreasing Ae−Namidebond strength upon descending Group 2.
Synthesis and Applications of Silyl 2‐Methylprop‐2‐ene‐1‐sulfinates in Preparative Silylation and GC‐Derivatization Reactions of Polyols and Carbohydrates
Authors: Marković Dean , Tchawou Wandji Augustin , Novosjolova Irina , Laclef Sylvain , Stepanovs Dmitrijs , Turks Māris , Vogel Pierre 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTrimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tert‐butyldimethylsilyl, and triisopropylsilyl 2‐methylprop‐2‐ene‐1‐sulfinates were prepared through (CuOTf)2⋅C6H6‐catalyzed sila‐ene reactions of the corresponding methallylsilanes with SO2 at 50 °C. Sterically hindered, epimerizable, and base‐sensitive alcohols gave the corresponding silyl ethers in high yields and purities at room temperature and under neutral conditions. As the byproducts of the silylation reaction (SO2+isobutylene) are volatile, the workup was simplified to solvent evaporation. The developed method can be employed for the chemo‐ and regioselective semiprotection of polyols and glycosides and for the silylation of unstable aldols. The high reactivity of the developed reagents is shown by the synthesis of sterically hindered per‐O‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyl‐α‐d‐glucopyranose, the X‐ray crystallographic analysis of which is the first for a per‐O‐silylated hexopyranose. The per‐O‐silylation of polyols, hydroxy carboxylic acids, and carbohydrates with trimethylsilyl 2‐methylprop‐2‐ene‐1‐sulfinate was coupled with the GC analysis of nonvolatile polyhydroxy compounds both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Efficient Charge Separation between Bi and Bi2MoO6 for Photoelectrochemical Properties
Authors: Ma Ying , Jia Yulong , Wang Lina , Yang Min , Bi Yingpu , Qi Yanxing 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHerein, porous Bi/Bi2MoO6 nanoparticles have been prepared by a facile in‐situ reduction approach. Moreover, the morphology and Bi content of product could be controlled by varying the reaction time. By controlled fabrication, the desired porous Bi2MoO6 nanostructure with incorporation of Bi was obtained and exhibited high photoelectric and photocatalytic activity. In particular, the samples yield a photocurrent density of 320 μA cm−2, which is 3.2 times that of the pure Bi2MoO6 nanosheet (100 μA cm−2) under the same conditions. UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analysis confirmed the surface plasmon resonance in the as‐prepared porous nanoparticles. The improved photoelectric properties could be the synergistic effect of the porous structure with large surface area and effective electron‐hole separations between Bi and Bi2MoO6.
Microwave‐Assisted Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Acrylamides with Non‐Activated Ketones
Authors: Zhao Yaping , Sharma Nandini , Sharma Upendra K. , Li Zhenghua , Song Gonghua , Van der Eycken Erik V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAn operationally simple and efficient microwave‐assisted protocol for the oxidative cyclization of acrylamide derivatives with non‐activated ketones to generate 3,3‐disubstituted oxindoles is described. The reaction proceeds by a copper‐catalyzed tandem radical addition/cyclization strategy and tolerates a series of functional groups with moderate to excellent yields.
Insertion Reactions of Neutral Phosphidozirconocene Complexes as a Convenient Entry into Frustrated Lewis Pair Territory
Authors: Normand Adrien T. , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Wibbeling Birgit , Kehr Gerald , Le Gendre Pierre , Erker Gerhard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNeutral phosphidozirconocene complexes [Cp2Zr(PR2)Me] (Cp=cyclopentadienyl; 1a: R=cyclohexyl (Cy); 1b: R=mesityl (Mes); 1c: R=tBu) undergo insertion into the Zr−P bond by non‐enolisable carbonyl building blocks (O=CR′R′′), such as benzophenone, aldehydes, paraformaldehyde or CO2, to give [Cp2Zr(OCR′R′′PR2)Me] (3–7). Depending on the steric bulk around P, complexes 3–7 react with B(C6F5)3 to give O‐bridged cationic zirconocene dimers that display typical frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)/ambiphilic ligand behaviour. Thus, the reaction of {[Cp2Zr(μ‐OCHPhPCy2)][MeB(C6F5)3]}2 (10a) with chalcone results in 1,4 addition of the Zr+/P FLP, whereas the reaction of {[Cp2Zr(μ‐OCHFcPCy2)][MeB(C6F5)3]}2 (11a; Fc=(C5H4)CpFe) with [Pd(η3‐C3H5)Cl]2 yields the unique Zr−Fe−Pd trimetallic complex 13a, which has been characterised by XRD analysis.
Unprecedented Oxycyanation of Methylenecyclopropanes for the Facile Synthesis of Benzoxazine Compounds Containing a Cyano Group
Authors: Yuan Yu‐Chao , Yang Hai‐Bin , Tang Xiang‐Ying , Wei Yin , Shi Min 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA novel intramolecular oxycyanation of methylenecyclopropanes is reported that proceeds through oxidative cleavage of the N−CN bond and subsequent palladium transfer from N to O of the amide group. A range of substituted benzo[d][1,3]oxazines with a cyano group are readily furnished by this newly developed oxycyanation reaction. Tris(4‐trifluoromethylphenyl)phosphine as a ligand has been found to be crucial to effectively promote the transformation with high chemo‐ and regioselectivity. Moreover, the reaction outcome can be significantly affected by the electronic effect of the acyl group attached to the nitrogen atom of methylenecyclopropanes. When R3 is a chloromethyl group, the pyrrolo[2,3‐b]quinoline derivative is obtained by thermal‐induced [3+2] cycloaddition of methylenecyclopropane to the methanediimine intermediate.
Metal‐Free Oxidation of Primary Amines to Nitriles through Coupled Catalytic Cycles
Authors: Lambert Kyle M. , Bobbitt James M. , Eldirany Sherif A. , Kissane Liam E. , Sheridan Rose K. , Stempel Zachary D. , Sternberg Francis H. , Bailey William F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSynergism among several intertwined catalytic cycles allows for selective, room temperature oxidation of primary amines to the corresponding nitriles in 85–98 % isolated yield. This metal‐free, scalable, operationally simple method employs a catalytic quantity of 4‐acetamido‐TEMPO (ACT; TEMPO=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine N‐oxide) radical and the inexpensive, environmentally benign triple salt oxone as the terminal oxidant under mild conditions. Simple filtration of the reaction mixture through silica gel affords pure nitrile products.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic and X‐Ray Absorption Studies on the RE5X2Sb6 (RE: Eu, Yb; X: Al, Ga, In) Compounds.
Authors: Subbarao Udumula , Sarkar Sumanta , Joseph Boby , Peter Sebastian C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe title compounds (obtained by a high frequency induction heating method) are characterized by magnetic measurements, XANES, and XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of the Th2Ni10Al15 Phase Solved Using Electron Diffraction Tomography.
Authors: Yaniv G. , Meshi L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntermetallic Th2Ni10Al15 is prepared by arc melting of the elements followed by homogenization annealing under Ar (Ta foil in quartz capsule, 800 °C, 4 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: Observations of Temperature Stability of γ‐Zirconium Hydride by High‐Resolution Neutron Powder Diffraction.
Authors: Wang Zhiyang , Steuwer Axel , Liu Nanxi , Maimaitiyili Tuerdi , Avdeev Maxim , Blomqvist Jakob , Bjerken Christina , Curfs Caroline , Kimpton Justin A. , Daniels John E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn the view of the problem of delayed hydride cracking via hydrogen embrittlement of fuel claddings of the nuclear industry, a Zr‐50D alloy is prepared by heating Zr powder with gaseous D2 (pressure furnace, 573 K, 1.9 bar, 10 h).