bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morality or competence? The importance of affirming the appropriate dimension of self‐integrity
Authors: Jessop Donna C. , Sparks Paul , Jessop Laura , Dodds Lauren , Lynch Sarah 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTwo studies explored the relative efficacy of a morality‐based versus a competence‐based self‐affirmation manipulation at increasing acceptance of personally relevant health risk information. In accordance with prior theorizing (e.g., Cohen & Sherman, 2014), it was hypothesized that the morality affirmation would be more effective than the competence affirmation in such contexts, as the former targets a different domain to that threatened by the health risk information.DesignBoth studies employed a cross‐sectional experimental design.MethodsParticipants were presented with a morality affirmation, competence affirmation, or no affirmation control prior to reading a message about the risks of (1) not engaging in daily dental flossing (Study 1) and (2) red meat consumption (Study 2). Participants subsequently completed a number of measures assessing acceptance of the message.ResultsIn line with predictions, findings from both studies demonstrated that the morality affirmation precipitated greater acceptance of personally relevant health risk information compared to the competence affirmation, as reflected in more positive attitudes (Studies 1 and 2) and intentions (Study 1). Study 2's findings further suggested that the superior efficacy of the morality affirmation in health‐related contexts could not simply be attributed to a general tendency for this affirmation to outperform the competence affirmation.ConclusionsThe nature of the value affirmed may be a critical factor in determining the success of self‐affirmation manipulations in health‐related domains.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Self‐affirmation has been shown to promote openness to personally relevant health risk information across a variety of behavioural domains. The most frequently utilized self‐affirmation manipulation involves participants reflecting on a personally important value; however, participants typically self‐select the value they reflect on. This means that the nature of the value that is affirmed may vary from person to person within a given study, seriously limiting the interpretability of the findings.

What does this study add?

This study manipulated the domain of the value affirmed prior to reading a health risk message.

Findings suggest that a morality affirmation is most effective at promoting openness to the message.

This study highlights the importance of value domain in determining the success of self‐affirmation.
Sensory Processing in Rhesus Monkeys: Developmental Continuity, Prenatal Treatment, and Genetic Influences
Authors: Schneider Mary L. , Moore Colleen F. , Adkins Miriam , Barr Christina S. , Larson Julie A. , Resch Leslie M. , Roberts Andrew 
Published: June 2016

Neonatal sensory processing (tactile and vestibular function) was tested in 78 rhesus macaques from two experiments. At ages 4–5 years, striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding was examined using positron emission tomography. At ages 5–7 years, adult sensory processing was assessed. Findings were: (a) prenatal stress exposure yielded less optimal neonatal sensory processing; (b) animals carrying the short rh5‐HTTLPR allele had less optimal neonatal sensory scores than monkeys homozygous for the long allele; (c) neonatal sensory processing was significantly related to striatal D2 receptor binding for carriers of the short allele, but not for animals homozygous for the long allele; and (d) there was moderate developmental continuity in sensory processing from the neonatal period to adulthood.
Polymorphisms in STAT-4, IL-10, PSORS1C1, PTPN2 and MIR146A genes are associated differently with prognostic factors in Italian patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ciccacci C , Conigliaro P , Perricone C , Rufini S , Triggianese P , Politi C , Novelli G , Perricone R , Borgiani P 
Published: June 2016

Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease resulting in chronic inflammation of the synovium and consequent cartilage and bone erosion. RA is associated strongly with the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF), and consists of clinical subsets of anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-positive and -negative patients. This study was designed to evaluate whether relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with RA and other autoimmune disorders are related to RF, ACPA and clinical phenotype in a cohort of biologic drugs naive Italian RA patients; 192 RA patients and 278 age-matched healthy controls were included. Clinical and laboratory data were registered. We analysed a total of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in signal transducer and activator of transcription-4 (STAT-4), interleukin (IL)-10, psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 1 (PSORS1C1), protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2), endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated 3 interacting protein 2 (TRAF3IP2) and microRNA 146a (MIR146A) genes by allelic discrimination assays. Case-control association studies and genotype/phenotype correlation analyses were performed. A higher risk to develop RA was observed for rs7574865 in the STAT-4 gene, while the rs1800872 in the IL-10 gene showed a protective effect. The presence of RF was associated significantly with rs1800872 variant in IL-10, while rs2910164 in MIR146A was protective. ACPA were associated significantly with rs7574865 in STAT-4. The SNP rs2233945 in the PSORS1C1 gene was protective regarding the presence of bone erosions, while rs2542151 in PTPN2 gene was associated with joint damage. Our results confirm that polymorphisms in STAT-4 and IL-10 genes confer susceptibility to RA. For the first time, we described that SNPs in PSORS1C1, PTPN2 and MIR146A genes were associated differently with a severe disease phenotype in terms of autoantibody status and radiographic damage in an Italian RA population.
The incidence of Warthin tumours and pleomorphic adenomas in the parotid gland over a 25‐year period
Authors: Luers J.C. , Guntinas‐Lichius O. , Klussmann J.P. , Küsgen C. , Beutner D. , Grosheva M. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesPleomorphic adenoma (PA) is reported to be the most common benign parotid tumour followed by Warthin tumour (WT), but the proportion of these two entities might have changed.DesignRetrospective file analysis.SettingTertiary referral head and neck centre.ParticipantsPatients who underwent a parotidectomy within a period of 25 years (1990–2014).Main outcome measuresRate of occurrence of PA and WT as well as the development of the PA/WT ratio over the years.ResultsOverall, 1818 patients with WT (707, 38.9%) and PA (1111, 61.1%) were identified. There was a dominance of PA over WT in all years. An increase in percentage of WT, from 24% in 1990 to 48% in 2014, in comparison with PA was evident.ConclusionsIn our single‐institution hospital‐based material of parotidectomies, the percentage of WT in comparison with PA has significantly increased over the last 25 years.
The Role of Task Uncertainty in IT Project Team Advice Networks
Authors: Keith Mark , Demirkan Haluk , Goul Michael 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTAdvice seeking is often the most critical success factor in today's IT project teams. To understand how advice seekers are motivated, we integrate the antecedents of advice seeking—as defined by network theory (Granovetter, 1983)—into a cost/benefit model based on expectancy theory (Vroom, 1964). To contribute to the research on advice network formation, we integrate the role of task uncertainty—one of the defining characteristics of IT projects—into that research (Wallace & Keil, 2004). Based on a controlled quasi‐experiment, this study demonstrates that when task uncertainty is low, individuals with attractive personalities and similar demographics will be sought out for advice more frequently, regardless of their knowledge and resources (i.e., the benefits to the advice seekers). However, when task uncertainty is high, individuals with greater knowledge and access to resources are sought out more often in an advice network. These results provide clarity to prior research that has found mixed results concerning the effectiveness of the traditional antecedents to advice seeking (e.g., knowledge, power, and transactive memory) (e.g., Xu, Kim, & Kankanhalli, 2010a). In addition, project managers may choose to alter their team structure in order to optimize the advice network based on the anticipated level of IT project risk or task uncertainty.
A Measure of Throughput Orientation: Scale Development and Nomological Validation
Authors: Sahi Gurjeet , Gupta Mahesh C. , Patel Pankaj C. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThroughput orientation, although a well‐established concept in operations management and well recognized by practitioners, has received limited empirical attention potentially due to lack of a psychometrically validated scale. Based on the tenets of throughput orientation—mindset, methodology, and measurement—we propose and develop a psychometrically validated 26‐item scale of throughput orientation (TO). To lower the possibility of nonfalsifiability between TO and performance, we draw on an unexplored context—bank branches in India—where we expect this relationship to be weaker. Furthermore, as throughput in operations is mainly dependent on market demand, market orientation (MO) is proposed as a nomological moderator strengthening the TO‐performance relationship. Using a sample of 173 branch managers of a major private bank in India, we validate the throughput orientation scale, and find that MO strengthens the relationship between TO and performance.
Trading on Twitter: Using Social Media Sentiment to Predict Stock Returns
Authors: Sul Hong Kee , Dennis Alan R. , Yuan Lingyao (Ivy) 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTDecision making is often based on the rational assessment of information, but recent research shows that emotional sentiment also plays an important role, especially for investment decision making. Emotional sentiment about a firm's stock that spreads rapidly through social media is more likely to be incorporated quickly into stock prices (e.g., on the same trading day it was expressed), while sentiment that spreads slowly takes longer to be incorporated into stock prices and thus is more likely to predict stock prices on future days. We analyzed the cumulative sentiment (positive and negative) in 2.5 million Twitter postings about individual S&P 500 firms and compared this to the stock returns of those firms. Our results show that the sentiment in tweets about a specific firm from users with less than 171 followers (the median in our sample) had a significant impact on the stock's returns on the next trading day, the next 10 days, and the next 20 days. Interestingly, sentiment in tweets from users with fewer than 171 followers that were not retweeted had the greatest impact on future stock returns. A trading strategy based on these findings produced meaningful economic gains on the order of an 11–15% annual return.
A health advocacy intervention for adolescents with intellectual disability: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lennox Nicholas , McPherson Lyn , Bain Chris , O'Callaghan Michael , Carrington Suzanne , Ware Robert S 
Published: June 2016

AimAdolescents with intellectual disability experience poorer heath than their peers in the general population, partially due to communication barriers and knowledge gaps in their health history. This study aimed to test a health intervention package against usual care for a range of health promotion and disease detection outcomes.MethodA parallel‐group cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted with Australian adolescents with intellectual disability living in the community. Randomization occurred at school level. The intervention package consisted of classroom‐based health education, a hand‐held personalized health record, and a health check. Evidence of health promotion, disease prevention, and case‐finding activities were extracted from general practitioners' records for 12 months post‐intervention.ResultsClinical data was available for 435 of 592 (73.5%) participants from 85 schools. Adolescents allocated to receive the health intervention were more likely to have their vision (odds ratio [OR] 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8–6.1) and hearing (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.0–7.3) tested, their blood pressure checked (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.6–3.7), and weight recorded (OR 4.8; 95% CI 3.1–7.6). There was no difference between health intervention and usual care for identification of new diseases.InterpretationThe school‐based intervention package increased healthcare activity in adolescents with intellectual disability living in the community.
Enticing the Stork: Can we Evaluate Pro‐Natal Policies Before Having Children?
Authors: Noce Anthony A. , Qirjo Dhimtri , De Silva Namini 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAside from immigration, the only meaningful demographic lever available to policymakers attempting to moderate the rate of ageing is the birth rate. This article departs from previous analyses of pro‐natal policies by studying determinants of pro‐natal options ex ante, which represents an advantage for policymakers looking to craft policies with prior knowledge of whether or not a demographic policy will have a significant effect. Our multinomial regression model for a US sample involving college students shows that the preferred choice of pro‐natal incentive is dependent on gender, economic class, number of planned children and migrant status. We find that females are more likely than males to choose any pro‐natal incentive over no incentive. The highest odds for increasing planned number of children are for maternity leave and parental leave options. Respondents associating themselves with the poorest economic class are more likely to choose daycare or government grant as pro‐natal options.
Intergovernmental Organisations and Economic Freedom: Wise Technocrats or Black Helicopters?
Authors: Murphy Ryan H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between country membership in major intergovernmental organisations and economic freedom. While it makes no claims to have found any broad theoretically bound, robust causal mechanism, baseline fixed effects models establish relationships amongst economic freedom and membership in the EU, NATO, WTO, UN, OECD, World Bank, and IMF. Though the results are not simple, the strongest findings are negative relationships with the UN, IMF, and WTO, and positive relationships with the World Bank and possibly the EU.
Longitudinal systolic strain profiles and outcomes in peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Briasoulis Alexandros , Mocanu Marian , Marinescu Karolina , Qaqi Osama , Palla Mohan , Telila Tesfaye , Afonso Luis 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivePeripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare cause of heart failure that develops in the last month of pregnancy or within 5 months of delivery. Longitudinal systolic strain has been shown to be impaired in HF patients with both preserved and depressed EF, but has not previously characterized in patients with PPCM.MethodsThe purpose of our study was to investigate the prognosis and recovery in patients with PPCM and use 2D strain imaging to characterize regional and global LV strain in patients with PPCM. Between 2009 and 2014, we identified 47 newly diagnosed patients with PPCM and reduced EF (rPPCM), and 14 patients within the first 4 weeks postpartum who presented with signs and symptoms of HF, and elevated BNP/pro‐NT‐BNP, but preserved LVEF (pPPCM). We compared the echocardiographic characteristics of the patients with rPPCM and pPPCM with 14 healthy controls.ResultsAll‐cause mortality was 10.6% (5/47) and rehospitalization for HF rate was 31.9% (15/47) at a median follow‐up of 12.5 months (range: 1–60 months) in the rPPCM group. In 25.5% (12/47) of patients with rPPCM, there was no recovery or worsening of LVEF, while complete and partial (more than 10% increase but less than 55%) recovery was seen in 57.4% (27/47) and 17% (8/47) of patients, respectively. Global and longitudinal strain (GLS) values were not independent predictors of all‐cause mortality or the composite endpoint of all‐cause mortality, rehospitalization, or no LVEF recovery in these patients. GLS and segmental strain were significantly lower in the preserved EF group compared with controls but higher compared with PPCM with reduced EF.ConclusionGlobal and segmental longitudinal strain parameters were significantly reduced in PPCM patients.
Crab spiders (Thomisidae) attract insect flower‐visitors withoutUVsignalling
Authors: WELTI ELLEN A. R. , PUTNAM SAVANNAH , JOERN ANTHONY 
Published: June 2016

1. Crab spiders (Thomisidae) indirectly affect insect flower‐visitor and flowering plant interactions by consuming and altering the behaviour of insects.2. Although one expects insect flower‐visitors to avoid crab spiders actively, some crab spider species are known to attract flower‐visitors. Crab spiders may useUVsignalling to lure potential prey to the flowers they occupy.3. In the present study, a field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of crab spiders occupying three prairie plant species for the insect flower‐visitor community. Pollinating insects were significantly attracted to inflorescences with crab spiders compared to inflorescences without crab spiders for two plant species, and herbivorous insects were attracted to inflorescences with crab spiders for one of these plant species. The two flowering plant species with increased pollinator visitation showed increased seed weights for plants with crab spiders, indicating crab spider presence indirectly increased pollination.4. To test theUVsignalling hypothesis, inflorescences with crab spiders of one plant species were observed under both aUV‐blocking plastic and a clear plastic control. Contrary to our prediction, flower‐visitors were not more likely to land on inflorescences under the clear plastic; theUVsignalling hypothesis was not supported. Other unknown explanations underlie prey attraction to inflorescences with crab spiders.
Response of swamp bay, Persea palustris, and redbay, P. borbonia, to Raffaelea spp. isolated from Xyleborus glabratus
Authors: Dreaden T. J. , Campbell A. S. , Gonzalez‐Benecke C. A. , Ploetz R. C. , Smith J. A. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryLaurel wilt is a devastating invasive disease of members of the Lauraceae plant family. It is caused by the fungus Raffaelea lauricola, which is a nutritional symbiont of its ambrosia beetle vector, Xyleborus glabratus. In the United States, six Raffaelea spp., in addition to R. lauricola, have been recovered from mycangia of X. glabratus. We compared the response of two laurel wilt suspects, swamp bay (Persea palustris) and redbay (Persea borbonia), to five of these species, another undescribed Raffaelea sp., and R. lauricola. Six weeks after inoculation, only R. lauricola caused significantly greater symptoms than water inoculations. The fungi varied in their ability to move systemically and be recovered from the host at the end of the experiment. Stem hydraulic conductivity was decreased by R. lauricola, but none of the other taxa. Although the roles these fungi play in the life cycle of X. glabratus are not known, they do not appear to be pathogens on these host tree species.
Application of the European‐modified dental clinical learning environment inventory (DECLEI) in dental schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Halawany H. S. , Al‐Jazairy Y. H. , Al‐Maflehi N. , Abraham N. B. , Jacob V. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate undergraduate dental students' self‐perceptions of their clinical dental environment using a valid, concise and more practical version of the Dental Clinical Learning Environment Inventory (DECLEI) questionnaire.Materials and methodsThe 24‐item DECLEI was self‐administered to fourth‐ and fifth‐year undergraduate dental students from public and private dental schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during the 2014—2015 academic year. Factor analysis revealed three underlying factors associated with the clinical learning environment. Independent sample t‐tests were used to evaluate any associations amongst the items, the factors, the total DECLEI score and other demographic variables. For the scoring system, 6‐point Likert scale responses were scored on a 100% scale ranging from excellent to poor.ResultsThe mean DECLEI total score was 64.1 (good) of 100. Amongst the factors, the highest mean score, 71.3 (good), was obtained for the patient interactions and professionalism, and the lowest mean score, 50.2 (moderate), was observed for all the negatively worded statements in the DECLEI. The instrument exhibited good discriminant validity as it was able to record significant differences between genders and between public and private institutions in the total DECLEI, the factors and most of the items scored.ConclusionsThe new DECLEI scale identified several areas of strength and some aspects that could be improved. Overall, the dental students rated the clinical undergraduate programme as more positive than negative.
Impacts of warming and elevated CO2 on a semi‐arid grassland are non‐additive, shift with precipitation, and reverse over time
Authors: Mueller K. E. , Blumenthal D. M. , Pendall E. , Carrillo Y. , Dijkstra F. A. , Williams D. G. , Follett R. F. , Morgan J. A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIt is unclear how elevated CO2 (eCO2) and the corresponding shifts in temperature and precipitation will interact to impact ecosystems over time. During a 7‐year experiment in a semi‐arid grassland, the response of plant biomass to eCO2 and warming was largely regulated by interannual precipitation, while the response of plant community composition was more sensitive to experiment duration. The combined effects of eCO2 and warming on aboveground plant biomass were less positive in ‘wet’ growing seasons, but total plant biomass was consistently stimulated by ~ 25% due to unique, supra‐additive responses of roots. Independent of precipitation, the combined effects of eCO2 and warming on C3 graminoids became increasingly positive and supra‐additive over time, reversing an initial shift toward C4 grasses. Soil resources also responded dynamically and non‐additively to eCO2 and warming, shaping the plant responses. Our results suggest grasslands are poised for drastic changes in function and highlight the need for long‐term, factorial experiments.
Herbivory and nutrient limitation protect warming tundra from lowland species’ invasion and diversity loss
Authors: Eskelinen Anu , Kaarlejärvi Elina , Olofsson Johan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHerbivory and nutrient limitation can increase the resistance of temperature‐limited systems to invasions under climate warming. We imported seeds of lowland species to tundra under factorial treatments of warming, fertilization, herbivore exclusion and biomass removal. We show that warming alone had little impact on lowland species, while exclusion of native herbivores and relaxation of nutrient limitation greatly benefitted them. In contrast, warming alone benefitted resident tundra species and increased species richness; however, these were canceled by negative effects of herbivore exclusion and fertilization. Dominance of lowland species was associated with low cover of tundra species and resulted in decreased species richness. Our results highlight the critical role of biotic and abiotic filters unrelated to temperature in protecting tundra under warmer climate. While scarcity of soil nutrients and native herbivores act as important agents of resistance to invasions by lowland species, they concurrently promote overall species coexistence. However, when these biotic and abiotic resistances are relaxed, invasion of lowland species can lead to decreased abundance of resident tundra species and diminished diversity.