bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature-induced behavioral switches in a bacterial coral pathogen
Authors: Garren Melissa , Son Kwangmin , Tout Jessica , Seymour Justin R , Stocker Roman 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Evidence to date indicates that elevated seawater temperatures increase the occurrence of coral disease, which is frequently microbial in origin. Microbial behaviors such as motility and chemotaxis are often implicated in coral colonization and infection, yet little is known about the effect of warming temperatures on these behaviors. Here we present data demonstrating that increasing water temperatures induce two behavioral switches in the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus that considerably augment the bacterium’s performance in tracking the chemical signals of its coral host, Pocillopora damicornis. Coupling field-based heat-stress manipulations with laboratory-based observations in microfluidic devices, we recorded the swimming behavior of thousands of individual pathogen cells at different temperatures, associated with current and future climate scenarios. When temperature reached ⩾23 °C, we found that the pathogen’s chemotactic ability toward coral mucus increased by &gt;60%, denoting an enhanced capability to track host-derived chemical cues. Raising the temperature further, to 30 °C, increased the pathogen’s chemokinetic ability by &gt;57%, denoting an enhanced capability of cells to accelerate in favorable, mucus-rich chemical conditions. This work demonstrates that increasing temperature can have strong, multifarious effects that enhance the motile behaviors and host-seeking efficiency of a marine bacterial pathogen.
Microbial communities reflect temporal changes in cyanobacterial composition in a shallow ephemeral freshwater lake
Authors: Woodhouse Jason Nicholas , Kinsela Andrew Stephen , Collins Richard Nicholas , Bowling Lee Chester , Honeyman Gordon L , Holliday Jon K , Neilan Brett Anthony 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe frequency of freshwater cyanobacterial blooms is at risk of increasing as a consequence of climate change and eutrophication of waterways. It is increasingly apparent that abiotic data are insufficient to explain variability within the cyanobacterial community, with biotic factors such as heterotrophic bacterioplankton, viruses and protists emerging as critical drivers. During the Australian summer of 2012–2013, a bloom that occurred in a shallow ephemeral lake over a 6-month period was comprised of 22 distinct cyanobacteria, including Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Oscillatoria and Sphaerospermopsis. Cyanobacterial cell densities, bacterial community composition and abiotic parameters were assessed over this period. Alpha-diversity indices and multivariate analysis were successful at differentiating three distinct bloom phases and the contribution of abiotic parameters to each. Network analysis, assessing correlations between biotic and abiotic variables, reproduced these phases and assessed the relative importance of both abiotic and biotic factors. Variables possessing elevated betweeness centrality included temperature, sodium and operational taxonomic units belonging to the phyla Verrucomicrobia, Planctomyces, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Species-specific associations between cyanobacteria and bacterioplankton, including the free-living Actinobacteria acI, Bacteroidetes, Betaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia, were also identified. We concluded that changes in the abundance and nature of freshwater cyanobacteria are associated with changes in the diversity and composition of lake bacterioplankton. Given this, an increase in the frequency of cyanobacteria blooms has the potential to alter nutrient cycling and contribute to long-term functional perturbation of freshwater systems.
MLLT1 YEATS domain mutations in clinically distinctive Favourable Histology Wilms tumours
Authors: Perlman Elizabeth J. , Gadd Samantha , Arold Stefan T. , Radhakrishnan Anand , Gerhard Daniela S. , Jennings Lawrence , Huff Vicki , Guidry Auvil Jaime M. , Davidsen Tanja M. , Dome Jeffrey S. , Meerzaman Daoud , Hsu Chih Hao , Nguyen Cu , Anderson James , Ma Yussanne , Mungall Andrew J. , Moore Richard A. , Marra Marco A. , Mullighan Charles G. , Ma Jing , Wheeler David A. , Hampton Oliver A. , Gastier-Foster Julie M. , Ross Nicole , Smith Malcolm A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWilms tumour is an embryonal tumour of childhood that closely resembles the developing kidney. Genomic changes responsible for the development of the majority of Wilms tumours remain largely unknown. Here we identify recurrent mutations within Wilms tumours that involve the highly conserved YEATS domain of MLLT1 (ENL), a gene known to be involved in transcriptional elongation during early development. The mutant MLLT1 protein shows altered binding to acetylated histone tails. Moreover, MLLT1-mutant tumours show an increase in MYC gene expression and HOX dysregulation. Patients with MLLT1-mutant tumours present at a younger age and have a high prevalence of precursor intralobar nephrogenic rests. These data support a model whereby activating MLLT1 mutations early in renal development result in the development of Wilms tumour.
In situ X-ray diffraction and the evolution of polarization during the growth of ferroelectric superlattices
Authors: Bein Benjamin , Hsing Hsiang-Chun , Callori Sara J. , Sinsheimer John , Chinta Priya V. , Headrick Randall L. , Dawber Matthew 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn epitaxially strained ferroelectric thin films and superlattices, the ferroelectric transition temperature can lie above the growth temperature. Ferroelectric polarization and domains should then evolve during the growth of a sample, and electrostatic boundary conditions may play an important role. In this work, ferroelectric domains, surface termination, average lattice parameter and bilayer thickness are simultaneously monitored using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction during the growth of BaTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices on SrTiO3 substrates by off-axis radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The technique used allows for scan times substantially faster than the growth of a single layer of material. Effects of electric boundary conditions are investigated by growing the same superlattice alternatively on SrTiO3 substrates and 20 nm SrRuO3 thin films on SrTiO3 substrates. These experiments provide important insights into the formation and evolution of ferroelectric domains when the sample is ferroelectric during the growth process.
Enhancing the magnetic anisotropy of maghemite nanoparticles via the surface coordination of molecular complexes
Authors: Prado Yoann , Daffé Niéli , Michel Aude , Georgelin Thomas , Yaacoub Nader , Grenèche Jean-Marc , Choueikani Fadi , Otero Edwige , Ohresser Philippe , Arrio Marie-Anne , Cartier-dit-Moulin Christophe , Sainctavit Philippe , Fleury Benoit , Dupuis Vincent , Lisnard Laurent , Fresnais Jérôme 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSuperparamagnetic nanoparticles are promising objects for data storage or medical applications. In the smallest—and more attractive—systems, the properties are governed by the magnetic anisotropy. Here we report a molecule-based synthetic strategy to enhance this anisotropy in sub-10-nm nanoparticles. It consists of the fabrication of composite materials where anisotropic molecular complexes are coordinated to the surface of the nanoparticles. Reacting 5 nm γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with the [CoII(TPMA)Cl2] complex (TPMA: tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) leads to the desired composite materials and the characterization of the functionalized nanoparticles evidences the successful coordination—without nanoparticle aggregation and without complex dissociation—of the molecular complexes to the nanoparticles surface. Magnetic measurements indicate the significant enhancement of the anisotropy in the final objects. Indeed, the functionalized nanoparticles show a threefold increase of the blocking temperature and a coercive field increased by one order of magnitude.
Sixteen new lung function signals identified through 1000 Genomes Project reference panel imputation
Authors: Artigas María Soler , Wain Louise V. , Miller Suzanne , Kheirallah Abdul Kader , Huffman Jennifer E. , Ntalla Ioanna , Shrine Nick , Obeidat Ma’en , Trochet Holly , McArdle Wendy L. , Alves Alexessander Couto , Hui Jennie , Zhao Jing Hua , Joshi Peter K. , Teumer Alexander , Albrecht Eva , Imboden Medea , Rawal Rajesh , Lopez Lorna M. , Marten Jonathan , Enroth Stefan , Surakka Ida , Polasek Ozren , Lyytikäinen Leo-Pekka , Granell Raquel , Hysi Pirro G. , Flexeder Claudia , Mahajan Anubha , Beilby John , Bossé Yohan , Brandsma Corry-Anke , Campbell Harry , Gieger Christian , Gläser Sven , González Juan R. , Grallert Harald , Hammond Chris J. , Harris Sarah E. , Hartikainen Anna-Liisa , Heliövaara Markku , Henderson John , Hocking Lynne , Horikoshi Momoko , Hutri-Kähönen Nina , Ingelsson Erik , Johansson Åsa , Kemp John P. , Kolcic Ivana , Kumar Ashish , Lind Lars , Melén Erik , Musk Arthur W. , Navarro Pau , Nickle David C. , Padmanabhan Sandosh , Raitakari Olli T. , Ried Janina S. , Ripatti Samuli , Schulz Holger , Scott Robert A. , Sin Don D. , Starr John M. ,   UK BiLEVE, Deloukas Panos , Hansell Anna L. , Hubbard Richard , Jackson Victoria E. , Marchini Jonathan , Pavord Ian , Thomson Neil C. , Zeggini Eleftheria , Viñuela Ana , Völzke Henry , Wild Sarah H. , Wright Alan F. , Zemunik Tatijana , Jarvis Deborah L. , Spector Tim D. , Evans David M. , Lehtimäki Terho , Vitart Veronique , Kähönen Mika , Gyllensten Ulf , Rudan Igor , Deary Ian J. , Karrasch Stefan , Probst-Hensch Nicole M. , Heinrich Joachim , Stubbe Beate , Wilson James F. , Wareham Nicholas J. , James Alan L. , Morris Andrew P. , Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta , Hayward Caroline , Sayers Ian , Strachan David P. , Hall Ian P. , Tobin Martin D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLung function measures are used in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In 38,199 European ancestry individuals, we studied genome-wide association of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC with 1000 Genomes Project (phase 1)-imputed genotypes and followed up top associations in 54,550 Europeans. We identify 14 novel loci (P<5 × 10−8) in or near ENSA, RNU5F-1, KCNS3, AK097794, ASTN2, LHX3, CCDC91, TBX3, TRIP11, RIN3, TEKT5, LTBP4, MN1 and AP1S2, and two novel signals at known loci NPNT and GPR126, providing a basis for new understanding of the genetic determinants of these traits and pulmonary diseases in which they are altered.
Two Distinct Moral Mechanisms for Ascribing and Denying Intentionality
Authors: Ngo Lawrence , Kelly Meagan , Coutlee Christopher G. , Carter R. McKell , Sinnott-Armstrong Walter , Huettel Scott A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPhilosophers and legal scholars have long theorized about how intentionality serves as a critical input for morality and culpability, but the emerging field of experimental philosophy has revealed a puzzling asymmetry. People judge actions leading to negative consequences as being more intentional than those leading to positive ones. The implications of this asymmetry remain unclear because there is no consensus regarding the underlying mechanism. Based on converging behavioral and neural evidence, we demonstrate that there is no single underlying mechanism. Instead, two distinct mechanisms together generate the asymmetry. Emotion drives ascriptions of intentionality for negative consequences, while the consideration of statistical norms leads to the denial of intentionality for positive consequences. We employ this novel two-mechanism model to illustrate that morality can paradoxically shape judgments of intentionality. This is consequential formens reain legal practice and arguments in moral philosophy pertaining to terror bombing, abortion and euthanasia among others.
Crossover behavior of the thermal conductance and Kramers’ transition rate theory
Authors: Velizhanin Kirill A. , Sahu Subin , Chien Chih-Chun , Dubi Yonatan , Zwolak Michael 
Published: December 2015

AbstractKramers’ theory frames chemical reaction rates in solution as reactants overcoming a barrier in the presence of friction and noise. For weak coupling to the solution, the reaction rate is limited by the rate at which the solution can restore equilibrium after a subset of reactants have surmounted the barrier to become products. For strong coupling, there are always sufficiently energetic reactants. However, the solution returns many of the intermediate states back to the reactants before the product fully forms. Here, we demonstrate that the thermal conductance displays an analogous physical response to the friction and noise that drive the heat current through a material or structure. A crossover behavior emerges where the thermal reservoirs dominate the conductance at the extremes and only in the intermediate region are the intrinsic properties of the lattice manifest. Not only does this shed new light on Kramers’ classic turnover problem, this result is significant for the design of devices for thermal management and other applications, as well as the proper simulation of transport at the nanoscale.
Circulating Microparticles Alter Formation, Structure and Properties of Fibrin Clots
Authors: Zubairova Laily D. , Nabiullina Roza M. , Nagaswami Chandrasekaran , Zuev Yuriy F. , Mustafin Ilshat G. , Litvinov Rustem I. , Weisel John W. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDespite the importance of circulating microparticles in haemostasis and thrombosis, there is limited evidence for potential causative effects of naturally produced cell-derived microparticles on fibrin clot formation and its properties. We studied the significance of blood microparticles for fibrin formation, structure and susceptibility to fibrinolysis by removing them from platelet-free plasma using filtration. Clots made in platelet-free and microparticle-depleted plasma samples from the same healthy donors were analyzed in parallel. Microparticles accelerate fibrin polymerisation and support formation of more compact clots that resist internal and external fibrinolysis. These variations correlate with faster thrombin generation, suggesting thrombin-mediated kinetic effects of microparticles on fibrin formation, structure and properties. In addition, clots formed in the presence of microparticles, unlike clots from the microparticle-depleted plasma, contain 0.1–0.5-μm size granular and CD61-positive material on fibres, suggesting that platelet-derived microparticles attach to fibrin. Therefore, the blood of healthy individuals contains functional microparticles at the levels that have a procoagulant potential. They affect the structure and stability of fibrin clots indirectly through acceleration of thrombin generation and through direct physical incorporation into the fibrin network. Both mechanisms underlie a potential role of microparticles in haemostasis and thrombosis as modulators of fibrin formation, structure and resistance to fibrinolysis.
The Comparative Studies of Binding Activity of Curcumin and Didemethylated Curcumin with Selenite: Hydrogen Bonding vs Acid-Base Interactions
Authors: Liao Jiahn-Haur , Wu Tzu-Hua , Chen Ming-Yi , Chen Wei-Ting , Lu Shou-Yun , Wang Yi-Hsuan , Wang Shao-Pin , Hsu Yen-Min , Huang Yi-Shiang , Huang Zih-You , Lin Yu-Ching , Chang Ching-Ming , Huang Fu-Yung , Wu Shih-Hsiung 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this report, the in vitro relative capabilities of curcumin (CCM) and didemethylated curcumin (DCCM) in preventing the selenite-induced crystallin aggregation were investigated by turbidity tests and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). DCCM showed better activity than CCM. The conformers of CCM/SeO32− and DCCM/SeO32− complexes were optimized by molecular orbital calculations. Results reveal that the selenite anion surrounded by CCM through the H-bonding between CCM and selenite, which is also observed via IR and NMR studied. For DCCM, the primary driving force is the formation of an acid-base adduct with selenite showing that the phenolic OH group of DCCM was responsible for forming major conformer of DCCM. The formation mechanisms of selenite complexes with CCM or DCCM explain why DCCM has greater activity than CCM in extenuating the toxicity of selenite as to prevent selenite-induced lens protein aggregation.
Graphene Distributed Amplifiers: Generating Desirable Gain for Graphene Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Lyu Hongming , Lu Qi , Huang Yilin , Ma Teng , Zhang Jinyu , Wu Xiaoming , Yu Zhiping , Ren Wencai , Cheng Hui-Ming , Wu Huaqiang , Qian He 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEver since its discovery, graphene bears great expectations in high frequency electronics due to its irreplaceably high carrier mobility. However, it has long been blamed for the weakness in generating gains, which seriously limits its pace of development. Distributed amplification, on the other hand, has successfully been used in conventional semiconductors to increase the amplifiers’ gain-bandwidth product. In this paper, distributed amplification is first applied to graphene. Transmission lines phase-synchronize paralleled graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs), combining the gain of each stage in an additive manner. Simulations were based on fabricated GFETs whose fT ranged from 8.5 GHz to 10.5 GHz and fmax from 12 GHz to 14 GHz. A simulated four-stage graphene distributed amplifier achieved up to 4 dB gain and 3.5 GHz bandwidth, which could be realized with future IC processes. A PCB level graphene distributed amplifier was fabricated as a proof of circuit concept.
The influence of input and output modality on following instructions in working memory
Authors: Yang Tian-xiao , Allen Richard J. , Yu Qi-jing , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFollowing instructions is an important component of learning and has been shown to rely on working memory. This study examined the ability to follow instructions within working memory under varying input and output modalities. In Experiment 1, participants heard, read, or viewed demonstration of short sequences of instructions and recalled either by oral repetition or physical enactment. There was a significant main effect of encoding, showing superior recall performance when instructions were demonstrated relative to spoken or written presentation. Experiment 2 examined whether recall is further improved when instructions are presented both in spoken and demonstrated form, relative to single modality presentation. The advantage for demonstration over spoken instructions was replicated and dual input was superior to spoken instructions. However, dual input did not bring extra benefit compared to demonstration of instructions. We also observed a significant enacted-retrieval recall advantage. These findings suggest effects of both input and output modalities on the ability to remember and follow instructions in working memory. Outcomes substantially inform the underexplored but important new area of action-based working memory and its links to embodied cognition, with implications for pedagogic practice.
Content and activity of human liver microsomal protein and prediction of individual hepatic clearance in vivo
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Gao Na , Tian Xin , Liu Tingting , Fang Yan , Zhou Jun , Wen Qiang , Xu Binbin , Qi Bing , Gao Jie , Li Hongmeng , Jia Linjing , Qiao Hailing 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe lack of information concerning individual variation in content and activity of human liver microsomal protein is one of the most important obstacles for designing personalized medicines. We demonstrated that the mean value of microsomal protein per gram of liver (MPPGL) was 39.46 mg/g in 128 human livers and up to 19-fold individual variations existed. Meanwhile, the metabolic activities of 10 cytochrome P450 (CYPs) were detected in microsomes and liver tissues, respectively, which showed huge individual variations (200-fold). Compared with microsomes, the activities of liver tissues were much suitable to express the individual variations of CYP activities. Furthermore, individual variations in the in vivo clearance of tolbutamide were successfully predicted with the individual parameter values. In conclusion, we offer the values for MPPGL contents in normal liver tissues and build a new method to assess the in vitro CYP activities. In addition, large individual variations exist in predicted hepatic clearance of tolbutamide. These findings provide important physiological parameters for physiologically-based pharmacokinetics models and thus, establish a solid foundation for future development of personalized medicines.
Metabolomic profiles delineate mycolactone signature in Buruli ulcer disease
Authors: Niang Fatoumata , Sarfo Fred S. , Frimpong Michael , Guenin-Macé Laure , Wansbrough-Jones Mark , Stinear Timothy , Phillips Richard O. , Demangel Caroline 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInfection of human skin with Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, is associated with the systemic diffusion of a bacterial macrolide named mycolactone. Patients with progressive disease show alterations in their serum proteome, likely reflecting the inhibition of secreted protein production by mycolactone at the cellular level. Here, we used semi-quantitative metabolomics to characterize metabolic perturbations in serum samples of infected individuals and human cells exposed to mycolactone. Among the 430 metabolites profiled across 20 patients and 20 healthy endemic controls, there were significant differences in the serum levels of hexoses, steroid hormones, acylcarnitines, purine, heme, bile acids, riboflavin and lysolipids. In parallel, analysis of 292 metabolites in human T cells treated or not with mycolactone showed alterations in hexoses, lysolipids and purine catabolites. Together, these data demonstrate that M. ulcerans infection causes systemic perturbations in the serum metabolome that can be ascribed to mycolactone. Of particular importance to Buruli ulcer pathogenesis is that changes in blood sugar homeostasis in infected patients are mirrored by alterations in hexose metabolism in mycolactone-exposed cells.
The Long Noncoding RNA IFNG-AS1 Promotes T Helper Type 1 Cells Response in Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Authors: Peng Huiyong , Liu Yingzhao , Tian Jie , Ma Jie , Tang Xinyi , Rui Ke , Tian Xinyu , Mao Chaoming , Lu Liwei , Xu Huaxi , Jiang Pengcheng , Wang Shengjun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe long noncoding (lnc) RNA-Ifng-AS1 plays an essential role in the transcription of the gene encoding IFN-γ by Th1 cells and its human ortholog, IFNG-AS1, is expressed in human Th1 cells. However, IFNG-AS1 contributing to Th1 cells’ response in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) patients has not been reported. Twenty-eight HT patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The proportion of circulating Th1 cells and the level of T-bet, IFNG mRNA were increased in HT patients, the expression of IFNG-AS1 was upregulated and positively correlated with the proportion of circulating Th1 cells or T-bet and IFNG expression, or serum level of anti-thyroglobulin antibody/thyroperoxidase antibody in HT patients. IFNG-AS1 regulated the expression of IFNG at both transcriptional and translational level in human CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, strong positive correlations between the increased transcript level of IFNG-AS1 and the increased transcript level of T-bet or IFNG were revealed in thyroid tissues from HT patients. Our results indicate that enhanced expression of lncRNA-IFNG-AS1 contributes to Th1 cell response in HT patients and may be involved in the pathogenesis of HT.