bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADUBAÇÃO DE PORTA-ENXERTOS DE SERINGUEIRA EM VIVEIRO SUSPENSO
Authors: Barreto Rafael Ferreira , Maruyama Wilson Itamar , Bardiviesso Diógenes Martins , Rodrigues Tiago Da Silva , Seraguzi Eric Fabiano , Barbosa Alexandre Vendrame 
Published: April 2016

A produção de porta-enxertos de seringueira em viveiro suspenso evita a contaminação por patógenos de solo, porém existem poucas informações sobre adubação nesse sistema. Objetivou-se verificar a influência de diferentes concentrações de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio, em solução nutritiva, sobre o crescimento de porta-enxertos de seringueira em viveiro suspenso. Tratamentos: 0, 35, 70, 105 e 140 mg.planta-1.semana-1, conduzidos num delineamento em blocos casualizados, totalizando 4 repetições. As aplicações foram realizadas de outubro de 2012 a janeiro de 2013. A parcela foi constituída por 10 porta-enxertos de seringueira (clone desconhecido), sustentados no viveiro suspenso por garrafas PET. Aos 30, 45, 60, 75 e 90 dias após a aplicação, foram avaliados: diâmetro do caule, altura de plantas, número de folíolos e índice de cor verde. Aos 100 dias após a aplicação, realizou-se a avaliação final, por meio da massa seca, área foliar e índices fisiológicos. A dose de 140 mg.planta-1 via fertirrigação é a mais adequada para a produção de porta-enxertos em viveiro suspenso. Contudo, o potencial máximo de crescimento das plantas não foi atingido com as doses testadas. Para a obtenção de resultados satisfatórios, é recomendado o uso de sementes de porta-enxertos de seringueira de alta qualidade.
DINÂMICA DE POPULAÇÕES DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS EM FRAGMENTOS DE FLORESTA ALUVIAL NO SUL DE MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL
Authors: Nunes Matheus Henrique , Higuchi Pedro , Silva Ana Carolina , Van den Berg Eduardo , Terra Marcela De Castro Nunes Santos 
Published: April 2016

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a dinâmica de populações arbóreas em fragmentos florestais em São Sebastião da Bela Vista, MG. Para isso, todos os indivíduos arbóreos com diâmetro na altura do peito (DAP) maior do que 5 cm, presentes nas unidades amostrais, foram medidos (DAP e altura) e identificados no ano de 2005 e monitorados nos anos 2007 e 2009 (remedição e verificação de mortalidade), quando também foram medidos os indivíduos que alcançaram o diâmetro mínimo de inclusão por ocasião de um eventual recrutamento. Foram calculadas as taxas de dinâmica anual (mortalidade, recrutamento, rotatividade e mudanças líquidas) para todas as populações. Foi observada instabilidade da dinâmica, indicada pela redução constante da abundância e pelo maior número de espécies com balanço negativo de número de indivíduos (período 2005 a 2007 = 13 e 2007 a 2009 = 17) do que balanço positivo (2005 a 2007 = 9 e 2007 a 2009 = 14). As mudanças de riqueza foram insignificantes, com o ganho de duas espécies e o desaparecimento de uma. O estudo demonstrou que, apesar de não apresentar mudanças qualitativas (composição florística), a área demonstrou instabilidade estrutural, com mais populações com maior taxa de mortalidade que de recrutamento.
CRESCIMENTO E QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE Eucalyptus urophylla X Eucalyptus grandis EM DIFERENTES RECIPIENTES
Authors: Storck Ester Bühler , Schorn Lauri Amandio , Fenilli Tatiele Anete Bergamo 
Published: April 2016

O experimento foi instalado com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade e o desenvolvimento de mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis em diferentes idades em viveiro e produzidas em diferentes volumes de tubetes de polipropileno, visando determinar a idade ótima de expedição das mudas para cada volume de recipiente estudado. O substrato utilizado foi uma mistura contendo esterco bovino, terra de subsolo e casca de arroz carbonizada, na proporção de 2:1:1. Foram utilizados tubetes de 55, 100 e 200 cm³. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 (tubetes) x 5 (idades), com 15 tratamentos, cada um com 100 plantas, totalizando 1500 indivíduos. As plantas foram avaliadas em diferentes idades: 90, 120, 150, 180 e 210 dias. Foram mensuradas em cada muda as seguintes variáveis em cada idade: altura, diâmetro do colo, biomassa seca de raízes, biomassa seca aérea, biomassa seca total, número de raízes secundárias e índice de qualidade de Dickson. Realizou-se a análise de variância das variáveis, cujos resultados foram comparados pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Aos 90 dias, não se observaram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para a maioria das variáveis. Aos 180 dias houve diferenças significativas para todas as variáveis analisadas. Concluiu-se que a idade ótima para expedição de mudas em tubetes de 55 cm³ é aos 90 dias, aos 150 dias para mudas em tubetes de 100 cm³ e aos 180 dias para mudas em tubetes de 200 cm³.
INCREMENTO DA BIOMASSA AÉREA DA VEGETAÇÃO DOS CAMPOS NATURAIS DO PARANÁ EM PERÍODO PÓS-QUEIMA
Authors: Seger Celso Darci , Batista Antonio Carlos , Tetto Alexandre França , Giongo Alves Marcos Vinicius , Soares Ronaldo Viana , Biondi Daniela 
Published: April 2016

O objetivo do estudo foi determinar o incremento de biomassa aérea da vegetação de campos naturais em período de regeneração pós-queimas na área da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Caminho das Tropas, município de Palmeira, Paraná. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida num período de um ano, com coletas bimestrais de dados. Anteriormente à queima, a carga de biomassa foi estimada em 14,90 ton.ha-1 e, após a queima, a carga de material residual (não queimado) foi estimada em 3,41 ton.ha-1. O incremento de biomassa apresentou média mensal de 1,92 ton.ha-1 nos seis primeiros meses, quando então se estabilizou. As médias de cargas de biomassa determinadas para as diferentes datas de coleta foram: 11,20 ton.ha-1 na primeira, 13,05 ton.ha-1 na segunda, 14,95 ton.ha-1 na terceira, 14,88 ton.ha-1 na quarta, 13,69 ton.ha-1 na quinta e 14,29 ton.ha-1 na sexta. O teor médio de umidade do material variou de 243,98% registrado na primeira coleta para 56,18% na última. Os resultados mostraram que a recomposição da biomassa aérea da vegetação campestre na área de estudo ocorreu num espaço de tempo bastante curto e que o teor de umidade sofreu queda vertiginosa também em curto espaço de tempo.
PAPEL DE LA RELIGIÓN EN LA SOCIEDAD DEL RIESGO
Authors: Vides David 
Published: April 2016

En el reconocimiento de la situación del ser humano en la actualidad, la globalización parece constituirse en un punto de partida fundamental; ahora, la universalización y homogeneización no se han dado únicamente en escenarios sociales y económicos sino que atraviesan factores como el imaginario, la sensibilidad y las actitudes. En consecuencia, la humanidad se enfrenta a la modificación de dinámicas sociales, políticas, económicas y culturales, que terminan afectando a las personas concretas en el campo de las subjetividades, las cosmovisiones y los estilos de vida. En ese escenario, el artículo plantea la religión como posible puerta de entrada para la comprensión de la situación del hombre en el mundo posterior al moderno; para ello, luego de algunas consideraciones iniciales, expone elementos de la Sociedad del Riesgo que encuentran eco y cabida en el campo de lo religioso, siguiendo los planteamientos de Josetxo Beriain, Anthony Giddens y Zigmunt Bauman. Finaliza, exponiendo algunas implicaciones que conlleva la consideración de la dimensión trascendente del hombre en el ámbito político, y, las relaciones con el proyecto de investigación La Educación Religiosa Escolar como espacio de formación política.
How the July 2014 easterly wind burst gave the 2015–2016 El Niño a head start
Authors: Levine Aaron F. Z. , McPhaden Michael J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFollowing strong westerly wind bursts in boreal winter and spring of 2014, both the scientific community and the popular press were abuzz with the possibility of a major El Niño developing. However, during the boreal summer of 2014, the Bjerknes feedback failed to kick in, aided and abetted by a strong easterly wind burst. The widely anticipated major 2014–2015 El Niño event failed to materialize and even failed to qualify as an El Niño by conventional definitions. However, the boreal summer easterly wind burst had the effect of not only inhibiting the growth of the El Niño event but also preventing and then reversing the discharge of the equatorial heat content that typically occurs during the course of an El Niño event. This head start of equatorial heat content helped push the 2015–2016 El Niño event to extreme magnitude.
Addendum to Cadmium and its inorganic compounds[BAT Value Documentation, 2008]
Authors: Käfferlein H. U. , Drexler H. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2016

CadmiumThe German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated cadmium and its inorganic compounds in 2004 and cadmium was classified in Carcinogen category 1 and has been designated with “H” (skin notation). A cadmium concentration of 200 μg cadmium/g kidney seems to be the critical concentration for its nephrotoxicity (MAK Value Documentation, Greim 2004). The nephrotoxicity of cadmium represents a parameter that can be used for a recommendation in preventive occupational medicine. Based on the long half‐life of cadmium, any determination of its concentrations in urine reflects the total concentration of the metal in the body. For this reason, in 2007 a “Biologischer Leitwert” (BLW)was established for cadmium based on its nephrotoxicity after chronic exposure considering cadmium in urine to characterize the internal exposure. Available publications are described in detail. From several studies (Bernard et al. 1990, Roels et al. 1991 and 1993, Toffoletto et al. 1992, van Sittert et al. 1993, Bernard and Lauwerys 1997) it was concluded that renal tubular damage can occur above a urinary concentration of 5 μg cadmium/g creatinine which corresponds to about 7.5 μg cadmium/l urine (Geigy Scientific Tables 1981). On the basis of these data available, a BLW of 7 μg cadmium/l urine* was established. The sampling time is not fixed.
N‐Isopropyl‐N′‐phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine [MAK Value Documentation, 2013]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2016

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) of
N‐
Isopropyl‐
N′
‐phenyl‐
p‐
phenylenediamine, considering all toxicity endpoints. Available unpublished study reports and publications are described in detail. Critical effects of
N‐
Isopropyl‐
N′
‐;?>phenyl‐
p‐
phenylenediamine are increased liver weights, changes in haematological parameters indicating anaemia and its skin‐sensitizing property. In oral studies no NOAEL was obtained, therefore a read‐across to the structurally analogous
N‐
(1,3‐dimethylbutyl)‐
N′‐
phenyl
‐p‐
phenylenediamine is used. The chronic NOAEL for
N‐
(1,3‐dimethylbutyl)‐
N′‐
phenyl
‐p‐
phenylenediamine in male rats is 2.6 mg/kg body weight based on effects on the liver which can be used to calculate a MAK value of 2 mg/m
3
for the inhalable fraction. This value also provides protection from irritation. As the critical effect is systemic, Peak Limitation Category II is assigned. The default excursion factor of 2 is set as no half‐life in blood is known. Damage to the embryo is unlikely if the MAK value for
N‐
Isopropyl‐
N′
‐phenyl‐
p‐
phenylenediamine is observed and the substance is classified in Pregnancy Risk Group C.
N‐
Isopropyl‐
N′
‐phenyl‐
p‐
phenylenediamine is a skin sensitizer and the designation with “Sh” is confirmed. There are no data concerning the potential for respiratory sensitization. Skin contact is not expected to contribute significantly to systemic toxicity.
N‐
Isopropyl‐
N′
‐phenyl‐
p‐
phenylenediamine is regarded as not being genotoxic or carcinogenic like its analog
N‐
(1,3‐dimethylbutyl)‐
N′‐
phenyl
‐p‐
phenylenediamine.
Ölsäure [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2016]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2016

Oleic acid
The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated oleic acid, which was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans in Carcinogen Category 3A, to derive a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value), considering genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Oleic acid is irritating to the skin if applied repeatedly. It is not mutagenic in vitro; data in vivo are not available. Oleic acid showed skin tumour promoting activity in mice after initiation with 9,10‐dimethylbenzanthracene but not without initiation. In a general evaluation of the skin tumour initiation‐promotion test in mice published in 2015, the Commission concluded that substances which induce skin tumours only after initiation, but not without initiation, do not have to be classified in a carcinogen category. Therefore, the former classification of oleic acid is withdrawn. As it is not possible to derive a MAK value with the available data, oleic acid is assigned to Section II b of the List of MAK and BAT values.
Tris[(2‐ oder 4‐)C9–10‐isoalkylphenyl]phosphorthioat [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2016]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2016

Tris[(2‐ or 4‐)C9–C10‐isoalkylphenyl]phosphorothioate
The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated the maximum concentration of tris[(2‐ or 4‐)C9–C10‐isoalkylphenyl]phosphorothioate at the work place (MAK value), considering all endpoints. Tris[(2‐ or 4‐)C9–C10‐isoalkylphenyl]phosphorothioate is a UVCB substance (substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products or biological materials). It is a mixture of triphenylthiophosphates substituted with a C9‐C10 branched alkyl chain per phenyl moiety in ortho or para position.
Toxicokinetic or metabolism data as well as inhalation studies with repeated exposure are lacking. Target organs could not be determined after oral application of up to 1000 mg/kg body weight and day in a 28‐day study in rats. Because of the high molecular mass of the substance, its oral absorption is assumed to be much less than 100%. Therefore, no MAK value can be calculated from the oral NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg body weight per day and the substance is listed in Section II b of the List of MAK and BAT Values. The substance is slightly irritating to skin and eyes of rabbits. Contact sensitization was not observed in guinea pigs. Data on reproductive toxicity are only available from a read‐across substance yielding a NOAEL of 250 mg/kg body weight and day for toxicity to fertility and postnatal development in a test in rats according to OECD Test Guideline 421. The clastogenicity seen in an in vitro test could not be confirmed in vivo. There are no carcinogenicity studies. Due to the high molecular mass, skin absorption is expected not to contribute significantly to the systemic toxicity.
3,5‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyphenylpropionsäureoctadecylester [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2016]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2016

Octadecyl 3‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)propionateThe German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated octadecyl 3‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)propionate to derive a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value), considering all toxicity endpoints. Available unpublished study reports and publications are described in detail. Critical effects are induction of metabolizing enzymes in the liver of rats and dogs and the corresponding liver weight increase. In the view of the Commission, an elevation of the total liver cytochrome P450 content of more than 50%, or of the relative liver weight of more than 20%, should be avoided for work place chemicals. In rats, the corresponding NOAEL is 30 mg/kg body weight and day in a 14‐day gavage study. In dogs, a NAEL of 10 mg/kg body weight and day is extrapolated from the LOAEL of 31.5 mg/kg body weight and day in a 90‐day feeding study. The magnitude of these effects does not increase with time. As the irritation potency is low, the oral studies can be used to calculate a MAK value of 20 mg/m3for the inhalable fraction. As the critical effect is systemic, Peak Limitation Category II is assigned. The default excursion factor of 2 is set as no half‐life in blood is known. In a segment II study in rats, foetal weight is reduced at 500 mg/kg body weight and day with concurrent maternal toxicity. The NOAEL for developmental toxicity in mice is 1000 mg/kg body weight and day. Damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely when the MAK value is observed and thus, the substance is classified in Pregnancy Risk Group C. Octadecyl 3‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)propionate is not genotoxic or carcinogenic and not a contact sensitizer in humans and guinea pigs. Skin contact is not expected to contribute significantly to systemic toxicity.
One for Many: A Universal Reagent for Acylation Processes
Authors: Moon Hyun Kyung , Sung Gi Hyeon , Kim Bo Ram , Park Jong Keun , Yoon Yong‐Jin , Yoon Hyo Jae 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis work describes acylation reactions facilitated by a type of heterocycle‐based acyl transfer agent, 2‐acyloxypyridazinone. Reactions of 2‐acyloxypyridazinone with carboxylic acids yield mixed carbonic anhydride intermediates, which are reactive and could be coupled with a wide range of substrates including acids, amines, alcohols, and thiols. The wide substrate scope, ease of operation (no additive or catalyst), storage and handling stability, and atom‐efficiency from recycling the heterocycle carrier make the reported acylating agent attractive for acylation‐based coupling reactions.magnified image
Self‐Assembled Multilayer‐Stabilized Nickel Nanoparticle Catalyst for Ligand‐Free Cross‐Coupling Reactions: in situ Metal Nanoparticle and Nanospace Simultaneous Organization
Authors: Hoshiya Naoyuki , Fujiki Katsumasa , Taniguchi Takahisa , Honma Tetsuo , Tamenori Yusuke , Xiao Mincen , Saito Nozomi , Yokoyama Mami , Ishii Akira , Fujioka Hiromichi , Shuto Satoshi , Sato Yoshihiro , Arisawa Mitsuhiro 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe have developed a conceptually and methodologically novel self‐assembled multilayer nickel nanoparticle (NP) catalyst – sulfur‐modified gold‐supported Ni NPs (SANi) – for organic synthesis. The SANi catalyst was easily prepared through a three‐step procedure involving simultaneous in situ metal NP and nanospace organization. This unique method does not require any conventional preformed template for immobilizing and stabilizing NPs. SANi catalyzes carbon‐carbon bond‐forming cross‐coupling, Kumada coupling, and Negishi coupling reactions under ligand‐free conditions and can be used repeatedly for these reactions. Physical analysis of SANi showed that the active species in these reactions are self‐assembled multilayer zerovalent Ni NPs with a size of ∼3 nm.magnified image
Photocatalytic Reaction of Diazo Compounds with Aldehydes
Authors: Rybicka‐Jasińska K. , Ciszewski Ł. W. , Gryko D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPhotocatalytic reactions of diazoacetates with aldehydes led to α‐alkylated carbonyl compounds instead of the expected cyclopropane derivatives. The reaction requires a dual catalytic system – photocatalysis merged with enamine‐iminium catalysis. NMR, EPR, UV/Vis, and ESI‐MS analyses provided sufficient data to corroborate the proposed radical mechanism – enamine catalysis merged with photocatalysis.magnified image
Intercepting the Gold‐Catalysed Meyer–Schuster Rearrangement by Controlled Protodemetallation: A Regioselective Hydration of Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Pennell Matthew N. , Kyle Michael P. , Gibson Samantha M. , Male Louise , Turner Peter G. , Grainger Richard S. , Sheppard Tom D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe regioselective gold‐catalysed hydration of propargylic alcohols to β‐hydroxy ketones can be achieved by diverting the gold‐catalysed Meyer–Schuster rearrangement through the addition of a protic additive with a pKa of 7–9 such as p‐nitrophenol, boric acid or a boronic acid. This provides an interesting alternative to an aldol reaction when combined with the straightforward addition of an alkyne to an aldehyde or ketone. The gold‐catalysed reaction of an electron‐deficient, sterically hindered propargylic alcohol with a boronic acid led to the formation of an unusually stable cyclic boron enolate.magnified image
Positioning a Carbon–Fluorine Bond over the π Cloud of an Aromatic Ring: A Different Type of Arene Activation
Authors: Holl Maxwell Gargiulo , Struble Mark D. , Singal Prakhar , Siegler Maxime A. , Lectka Thomas 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIt is known that the fluoro group has only a small effect on the rates of electrophilic aromatic substitutions. Imagine instead a carbon–fluorine (C−F) bond positioned tightly over the π cloud of an aryl ring—such an orthogonal, noncovalent arrangement could instead stabilize a positively charged arene intermediate or transition state, giving rise to novel electrophilic aromatic substitution chemistry. Herein, we report the synthesis and study of molecule 1, containing a rigid C−F⋅⋅⋅Ar interaction that plays a prominent role in both its reaction chemistry and spectroscopy. For example, we established that the C−F⋅⋅⋅Ar interaction can bring about a >1500 fold increase in the relative rate of an aromatic nitration reaction, affording functionalization on the activated ring exclusively. Overall, these results establish fluoro as a through‐space directing/activating group that complements the traditional role of fluorine as a slightly deactivating aryl substituent in nitrations.
A Rainbow Structural‐Color Chip for Multisaccharide Recognition
Authors: Qin Meng , Huang Yu , Li Yanan , Su Meng , Chen Bingda , Sun Heng , Yong Peiyi , Ye Changqing , Li Fengyu , Song Yanlin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA critical requirement for the successful recognition of multiple analytes is the acquisition of abundant sensing information. However, for this to be achieved requires massive chemical sensors or multiplex materials, which complicates the multianalysis. Thus, there is a need to develop a strategy for the facile and efficient recognition of multiple analytes. Herein, we explore the angle‐dependent structural colors of photonic crystals to provide abundant optical information, thereby generating a rainbow‐color chip to realize the convenient recognition of multiple analytes. By simply using a multiangle analysis method, the monophotonic crystal matrix chip can differentially enhance fluorescence signals over broad spectral ranges, thereby resulting in abundant sensing information for highly efficient multiple analysis. Twelve saccharides with similar structures, as well as saccharides in different concentrations and mixtures, were successfully discriminated.
Robust H∞ Filtering and Deconvolution for Continuous Time Delay Systems Based on Game‐Theoretic Approach
Authors: You Fuqiang , Li Hui , Wang Fuli , Guan Shouping 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMany dynamical systems involve not only process and measurement noise signals but also parameter uncertainty and unknown input signals. This paper aims to estimate the state and unknown input for linear continuous time‐varying systems subject to time delay in state, norm‐bounded parameter uncertainty, and a known input. Such a problem is reformulated into a two‐player differential game whose saddle point solution gives rise to one sufficient solvable condition for the estimation problem. The possible optimal estimators are obtained by solving the two coupled Riccati differential equations. We demonstrate, through two examples, how the proposed estimator is valid for estimating state and unknown input.