bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Activity of the Macrophage M1/M2 Phenotypes and Phenotypic Switch to M1 in Periodontal Infection
Authors: Yu Ting , Zhao Li , Huang Xin , Ma Chanjuan , Wang Yixiong , Zhang Jincai , Xuan Dongying 
Published: May 2016

Background: Macrophages are central players in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. However, the phenotypic switch of macrophage M1/M2 remains uncertain.Methods: Adult male mice were divided into periodontitis (P) or control (C) groups. Bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMMs) were stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In both the periodontium and serum, macrophage M1 and M2 phenotypes were detected in vivo and in vitro via the following: 1) immunofluorescence; 2) immunohistochemistry; 3) electrochemiluminescence immunoassays; 4) quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays; and 5) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. The M1‐type markers used included the following: 1) nitric oxide synthase (NOS)‐2; 2) tumor necrosis factor‐alpha; 3) interleukin (IL)‐1β; 4) IL‐6; and 5) C‐reactive protein. The M2‐type markers were as follows: 1) arginase‐1; 2) cluster of differentiation (CD) 206; and 3) IL‐10.Results: Compared with the C group, the P group had a 14‐fold increase in F4/80+ NOS2+ cells and four‐fold more F4/80+ CD206+ cells with an enhanced NOS2/CD206 ratio in the periodontium (P <0.01). NOS2− CD206+ and dual NOS2+ CD206+ macrophages dominated in the C and P groups, respectively. The P group had significantly increased M1‐ and M2‐type cytokines in both the periodontium and serum and also had an enhanced IL‐6/IL‐10 ratio in the serum (P <0.05). M1‐type markers were significantly upregulated at the mRNA level, whereas M2‐type markers were downregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels in BMMs after LPS stimulation (P <0.01).Conclusion: Periodontal inflammation is associated with an enhancement of both the M1 and M2 phenotypes of macrophages, in which a phenotypic switch of M2 to M1 might be a critical mechanism in mediating periodontal tissue damage, including alveolar bone loss.
Eisenstein contemporain : entretien avec Antonio Somaini
Authors: Leites Bruno 
Published: May 2016

Entretien avec Antonio Somaini à propos des films, des écrits et des dessins de Sergei Eisenstein. Somaini est actuellement un des plus grands spécialistes de l’œuvre d’Eisenstein. À l’entretien, nous parlons de nombreux sujets : les défis de traduire les ouvrages d’Eisenstein, les phases de sa carrière, le développement de sa pensée, la relation de ses films avec ses écrits, sa pratique du dessin et sa passion pour les dessins de Walt Disney. C’est un long entretien dans laquelle nous parlons aussi des principaux concepts d’Eisenstein, tels que l’extase, le pathos, l’organicité, l’attraction, la régression et la plasmaticité. Somaini nous parle également de la spécificité de son travail et de l’urgence de reprendre Eisenstein. D’un côté, il faut le faire sortir de l’histoire du cinéma exclusivement et l’inclure dans le réseau le plus vaste des arts et de la pensée des années 1920, 1930 et 1940. De l’autre côté, il faut penser son projet comme essentiellement contemporain. Comme Somaini l’a dit, ce que nous pensons beaucoup aujourd’hui, le dispositif cinématographique, le rapport entre le cinéma et l’histoire de l’art, l'influence des images sur l’ensemble de l’expérience humaine, cela a toujours été le problème d’Eisenstein.
Disponibilidade de irmãos no Brasil: um estudo metodológico sobre relações de parentesco
Authors: Guerra Francismara Fernandes , Wajnman Simone , Turra Cássio M. 
Published: May 2016

Quando a fecundidade declina, não é somente o número de filhos que se torna menor, mas também o número de irmãos. Para aferir as mudanças ocorridas sobre a disponibilidade de irmãos no Brasil, o presente estudo emprega um método que se destina a estimar o número esperado de irmãos nascidos vivos e sobreviventes, por meio de modelos matemáticos que utilizam apenas taxas de fecundidade e de mortalidade. Os resultados indicam que, no início da transição demográfica brasileira, a média de irmãos nascidos vivos se estabelece em patamares elevados e sofre um forte declínio durante o processo, motivado principalmente pela queda da fecundidade. Observa-se, ainda, que a média de irmãos sobreviventes nas idades mais avançadas tende a ser muito semelhante para coortes mais velhas e mais novas, mas o número de irmãos sobreviventes durante a infância dessas coortes tende a diferenciar-se fortemente. Isso ocorre porque, por um lado, o efeito da elevada mortalidade, principalmente a infantil, reduz a média de irmãos gerados pela alta fecundidade para as coortes mais velhas e, por outro, a queda da fecundidade diminui o número de irmãos nascidos vivos das coortes mais novas, ao mesmo tempo que a redução da mortalidade garante sua quase constância no ciclo de vida. Como conclusão, indica-se que: o número médio de irmãos nascidos vivos tende a se estabelecer em baixos níveis nos próximos anos; o número médio de irmãos sobreviventes tende a ser cada vez mais próximo da média do número de irmãos nascidos vivos; e, apesar dos baixos níveis de fecundidade corrente, não se pode falar em uma tendência de extinção dos irmãos e, por consequência, primos, tios, etc.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/S0102-309820160002
Trajetórias de local de moradia, estudo e trabalho dos jovens brasileiros entre 2003 e 2011: uma análise de entropia
Authors: Oliveira Thiago Dumont , Golgher André Braz , Loureiro Pedro Mendes 
Published: May 2016

Diversos estudos mostram que, em vários países, incluindo o Brasil, o período em que os jovens permanecem na casa dos pais aumentou constantemente entre 1970 e 2000. O presente trabalho analisa a decisão dos jovens de sair da casa dos pais, sair da escola e entrar no mercado de trabalho, com o objetivo de identificar se o bom desempenho da economia brasileira entre 2003 e 2011 promoveu a aceleração dessas transições para a vida adulta. Utilizando os microdados da PNAD, calculou-se a proporção de jovens de 15 a 34 anos de áreas metropolitanas que moram com os pais, que estudam e que trabalham. Em seguida, utiliza-se a análise de entropia com o objetivo de investigar essas três dimensões conjuntamente. Os resultados sugerem uma quebra com o paradigma do prolongamento da juventude amplamente discutido nas últimas décadas: houve uma aceleração da transição para a vida adulta no período analisado.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/S0102-309820160003
A imigração brasileira na França: do tipo histórico às modalidades migratórias contemporâneas
Authors: Almeida Gisele Maria Ribeiro de , Baeninger Rosana 
Published: May 2016

O cenário atual de intensa mobilidade do capital tem sido acompanhado por um crescente deslocamento internacional de população. As transformações sociais vivenciadas nas últimas décadas tornaram mais complexo o fenômeno da imigração e emigração internacionais, que se realizam sob “novas lógicas”, em especial devido à ampliação do mercado mundial e à dispersão da indústria e da produção de bens e serviços. É nesse contexto que o presente artigo reflete sobre a imigração brasileira na França após 1980, considerando as diferentes modalidades migratórias que compõem esse fluxo, as quais se redefinem na lógica da inserção do Brasil na rota das migrações internacionais. O caráter multifacetado da emigração de brasileiros e brasileiras para a França revela que, além dos históricos vínculos entre os países, as novas lógicas das migrações, no cenário geopolítico mundial do século XXI, anunciam a diversificação do fluxo de brasileiros e brasileiras em direção à França. A pesquisa de campo realizada na França, em 2012, com 82 imigrantes brasileiros evidenciou que há uma diversidade de perfis de migrantes e de modalidades migratórias. Essas modalidades foram engendradas a partir da leitura dos projetos migratórios e reconstruídas por meio do material obtido com as entrevistas semidirigidas realizadas com os imigrantes.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/S0102-309820160007
Comparação de métodos para o tratamento das medidas antropométricas da POF 2008-2009
Authors: Matos Mariana Vieira Martins de , Silva Pedro Luis do Nascimento 
Published: May 2016

A Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008-2009, feita por amostragem em nível nacional, coletou informações antropométricas de peso e estatura dos indivíduos no Brasil. Numa pesquisa desse porte, o processo de coleta produz dados que estão sujeitos a contaminações por erros de medição e de não resposta. Tais erros podem afetar os cálculos de indicadores de prevalência de desnutrição, sobrepeso ou obesidade e impactar de forma distinta em diferentes segmentos populacionais. No presente artigo, comparou-se o desempenho do método Cidaq, que foi empregado na POF 2008-2009 para tratar os dados antropométricos, ao de outros dois métodos: os algoritmos de detecção de outliers TRC e Bacon, ambos associados ao algoritmo de imputação Poem. Essa comparação é fundamental para assegurar que o melhor método seja utilizado em pesquisas futuras, buscando assegurar a confiabilidade dos dados para os estudos que subsidiam o planejamento de políticas públicas nas áreas de saúde, nutrição, assistência social e outras. Os métodos foram comparados via simulação, considerando o impacto sobre as estimativas de média, desvio padrão e correlação entre peso e estatura. O método Cidaq apresentou uma pequena vantagem sobre os demais nos resultados da simulação paramétrica, enquanto para simulação não paramétrica destacou-se o método Bacon.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/S0102-309820160008
Aterros sanitários para geração de energia elétrica a partir da produção de biogás no Brasil: comparação dos modelos LandGEM (EPA) e Biogás (Cetesb)
Authors: Piñas Jean Agustin Velásquez , Venturini Osvaldo Jose , Lora Electo Eduardo Silva , Oliveira Michele Aparecida de , Roalcaba Orly Denisse Calle 
Published: May 2016

Atualmente existe preocupação em relação aos impactos ambientais provocados pela produção de resíduos sólidos, o que contribui para incrementar as mudanças climáticas já em curso. Ao serem dispostos em aterros sanitários, os resíduos sólidos geram biogás, produto da decomposição anaeróbica dos compostos orgânicos de origem animal ou vegetal. Na presente nota de pesquisa se faz uma estimação da quantidade de biogás e energia gerada da decomposição anaeróbica em um aterro sanitário na cidade de Três Corações, Minas Gerais. Para realizar a estimação dos parâmetros foram utilizados os modelos LandGEM (EPA) e Biogás (Cetesb), que mostraram resultados similares no momento de fazer a comparação, com uma variação de apenas 5% para ambos os modelos. Para o LandGEM, nos 20 anos de vida útil do aterro sanitário, existe uma produção de biogás acumulada de 26.075.960 m3, com uma energia acumulada de 128,68 GWh e potência média de geração de 242 kW. Para o modelo Biogás, a produção acumulada é de 27.476.360 m3, com uma energia acumulada de 141,31 GWh, para uma potência média de geração de 255 kW.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/S0102-309820160009
The Erasure of Empowered Gossip in Academia
Authors: Adkins Karen C. 
Published: May 2016

This article analyzes two recent instances of academic gossip becoming publicized, and suggests that the varying results of these case studies (so similar in other respects) reflects the fragile nature and tenuous status of institutional gossip. It is both a crucial tool for individuals to understand and function within workplaces, but its very effectiveness in popularizing critique makes it easy for those with status to critique it.
Improviser dans l’espace numérique: des enjeux pour les acteurs de la scène éducative
Authors: Caws Catherine 
Published: May 2016

Le présent article est une réflexion sur le concept d’improvisation dans l’espace virtuel. A partir d’une étude de cas basée sur des utilisations variées de microblogues dans un cours de langue universitaire de niveau débutant/intermédiaire, nous tenterons d’analyser les productions de quelques participants en les contrastant à certaines des caractéristiques de l’improvisation en éducation. Bien que l’improvisation soit une technique principalement utilisée en présentiel, et plus généralement en études théâtrales, nous verrons que les enjeux éducatifs résultant de l’utilisation de réseaux sociaux tels que Twitter se comparent facilement à ceux que présentent l’improvisation en éducation. Ce contraste nous permettra de mieux comprendre et de mieux gérer ces enjeux pour conduire les participants (apprenants et enseignants) de ces réseaux à improviser plus librement dans cet espace public virtuel. Notre méthodologie est de nature essentiellement qualitative ; elle propose notamment une analyse de quelques microblogues pour y repérer des marques de créativité et de spontanéité langagières. Celles-ci sont discutées dans la conclusion.
L’improvisation : une invitation à voyager en classe de FLE
Authors: Cocton Marie-Noëlle 
Published: May 2016

L’improvisation en didactique du français langue étrangère est, après plus d’une cinquantaine d’années d’existence, une pratique de classe aujourd’hui délaissée par les enseignants qui en ont peur ou la connaissent mal. Préconisée par le BELC dès les années 70, choisie dans les manuels de FLE pour ses bienfaits pédagogiques (Caré : 1989), elle est, depuis peu, considérée par la majorité des ouvrages périphériques liés à la didactique de la pratique théâtrale, comme une « technique » visant à communiquer autrement. L’objectif de cet article est de faire un état des lieux de la notion d’improvisation et d’expliquer comment elle s’insère dans un dispositif pédagogique invitant l’apprenant à effectuer un voyage dans son apprentissage langagier, personnel et culturel.
Outwit, Outlast, Outplay: Survival Techniques (for Teachers and Students) in the Large Language Classroom
Authors: Lobalsamo Teresa , Victoriano-Martínez Ramón A. 
Published: May 2016

What once began as experimental has now become a trend whereby large classes (50 students or more) are the norm. Language classes, where a small student body is ever more preferred, is also part of the same growing movement. Literature tells us, however, that students feel the larger the size of the class, the more negatively it will affect their ability to learn; yet, universities are reluctant to provide the small classes that are essential for an effective and organic learning environment. The following paper provides readers with 1. a brief summary of the research conducted on the effectiveness or otherwise of large classes; 2. practices that the authors have found to be most effective for the successful delivery of a large language class - practices which can also be implemented in lectures with fewer students.
Reducing Phosphorus Runoff and Leaching from Poultry Litter with Alum: Twenty‐Year Small Plot and Paired‐Watershed Studies
Authors: Huang Lidong , Moore Philip A. , Kleinman Peter J. A. , Elkin Kyle R. , Savin Mary C. , Pote Daniel H. , Edwards Dwayne R. 
Published: May 2016

Treating poultry litter with alum has been shown to lower ammonia (NH3) emissions and phosphorus (P) runoff losses. Two long‐term studies were conducted to assess the effects of alum‐treated poultry litter on P availability, leaching, and runoff under pasture conditions. From 1995 to 2015, litter was applied annually in a paired watershed study comparing alum‐treated and untreated litter and in a small plot study comparing 13 treatments (an unfertilized control, four rates of alum‐treated litter, four rates of untreated litter, and four rates of NH4NO3). In the paired watershed study, total P loads in runoff were 231% higher from pasture receiving untreated litter (1.96 kg P ha−1) than from that receiving alum‐treated litter (0.85 kg P ha−1). In both studies, alum‐treated litter resulted in significantly higher Mehlich III P (M3‐P) and lower water‐extractable P at the soil surface, reflecting greater retention of applied P and lesser availability of that P to runoff or leaching. In soils fertilized with alum‐treated litter, M3‐P was much higher when analyzed by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectrometry than by colorimetry, possibly due to the formation of aluminum phytate. Indeed, alum‐treated poultry litter leached less P over the 20‐yr study: M3‐P at 10 to 50 cm was 266% greater in plots fertilized with untreated litter (331 kg M3‐P ha−1) than with alum‐treated litter (124 kg M3‐P ha−1). This research provides compelling evidence that treating poultry litter with alum provides short‐term and long‐term benefits to P conservation and water quality.Core Ideas
Two 20‐yr studies were conducted on the effects of treating poultry litter with alum.
Phosphorus runoff from paired watersheds was 231% higher with normal litter than alum‐treated litter.
Surface soil samples had significantly higher M3‐P levels when fertilized with alum‐treated litter.
Mehlich 3 results indicate alum additions to poultry litter reduce organic P leaching.
Phosphorus leaching from plots fertilized with normal litter was 266% greater than with alum‐treated litter.
Hydro‐Climatological Influences on Long‐Term Dissolved Organic Carbon in a Mountain Stream of the Southeastern United States
Authors: Singh Nitin K. , Reyes Wilmer M. , Bernhardt Emily S. , Bhattacharya Ruchi , Meyer Judy L. , Knoepp Jennifer D. , Emanuel Ryan E. 
Published: May 2016

In the past decade, significant increases in surface water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) have been reported for large aquatic ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere and have been attributed variously to global warming, altered hydrologic conditions, and atmospheric deposition, among other factors. We analyzed a 25‐yr DOC record (1988–2012) available for a forested headwater stream in the United States and documented two distinct regimes of stream DOC trends. From 1988 to 2001, annual mean volume‐weighted DOC concentration (DOCvw, mg L−1) and annual DOC flux (kg ha−1 yr−1) declined by 34 and 56%, respectively. During 1997 to 2012, the decline in DOCvw and DOC flux increased by 141 and 165%, respectively. Declining DOCvw from 1988 to 2001 corresponded to a decline in growing season runoff, which has the potential to influence mobilization of DOC from uplands to streams. Increasing DOCvw from 1997 to 2012 corresponded to increased precipitation early in the growing season and to an increase in the number and intensity of short‐duration fall storms capable of mobilizing long‐accrued DOC from forest litter and soils. In contrast, total annual runoff declined throughout the period. Rising air temperature, atmospheric acid deposition, and nitrogen depositions did not offer any plausible explanation for the observed bidirectional annual trends of stream DOCvw. Our study highlights the critical role of long‐term datasets and analyses for understanding the impacts of climate change on carbon and water cycles and associated functions of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.Core Ideas
Long‐term records show a steady decline in stream DOC followed by a steady increase.
Declining runoff and changes in storm timing and intensity point to hydro‐climatological drivers.
Neither temperature nor atmospheric deposition explained bidirectionality of trends.
Sensible Heat Balance Estimates of Transient Soil Ice Contents
Authors: Kojima Yuki , Heitman Joshua L. , Flerchinger Gerald N. , Ren Tusheng , Horton Robert 
Published: May 2016

Core Ideas
Soil ice content is difficult to quantify.
A sensible heat balance with heat pulse probes may indicate soil ice contents.
A sensible heat balance can determine transient soil ice content from −5 to 0°C.
Soil ice contents below −5°C can be determined with heat capacity changes.
Heat pulse probes can monitor soil ice contents at and below 0°C.
Soil ice content is an important component for winter soil hydrology. The sensible heat balance (SHB) method using measurements from heat pulse probes (HPPs) is a possible way to determine transient soil ice content. In a previous study, in situ soil ice content estimates with the SHB method were inaccurate, due to thermal conductivity errors and the use of relatively long time steps for calculations. The objective of this study is to reexamine the SHB method for soil ice content determination. A soil freezing and thawing laboratory experiment was performed with soil columns and heat exchangers. Transient soil ice contents in the soil columns during soil freezing and thawing were determined with the SHB method. The SHB method was able to determine dynamic changes in soil ice contents during initial freezing and final thawing for soil temperatures between −5 and 0°C when latent heat values associated with ice formation or with thawing were relatively large. During an extended freezing period, when soil temperatures were below −5°C, the small associated latent heat fluxes were below the sensitivity of the SHB method, and the SHB method did not provide accurate estimates of ice contents with time. However, the soil ice contents during the extended freezing period could be estimated well from changes in volumetric heat capacity (C) determined with HPP. Thus, combining the SHB method for initial freezing and final thawing, with a change in C method for extended freezing periods, allowed determination of dynamic soil ice contents for the entire range of freezing and thawing soil temperatures investigated. HPPs were able to measure soil ice contents.
Analysis of Factors That Affects the Investors in Conducting Business in Indonesia
Authors: Sari Rini Kurnia 
Published: May 2016

Investment is needed in the development of the economy. With the decentralization of investment is expected to evolve as a whole in every province in Indonesia. Local governments need to improve the quality of economic (GDP / Capita), social (HDI) and the infrastructure to attract domestic and foreign investors. Fromthe test results showed that factors affecting investors conducting business in Indonesia is still influenced by GDP/capita, HDI and Infrastructure instead of natural resources.This study uses descriptive analysis and correlation analysis methods to look at the correlation factors that affect investors doing business in Indonesia.
The Effects of Management Information System toward Decision Making in Food and Beverage Service Department in X Resorts and Hotels Bandung
Authors: Subakti Agung Gita , Adiati Maria Pia 
Published: May 2016

In an organization, decision making hold an important role. That is why a decision made by managers should be a final decision that should be done by their subordinates or those who are related with the organization. In the effort to increase the quality of management information system, a research was held in X Resorts and Hotels Bandung to analyze management information system in the relation to decision making especially in Food and Beverage Service Department and recommendation of how to handle the problem occurred. From the questioner with data analyzing technique of spearman rank gained correlation result 0,84, with determination coefficient 71% which means the management information system has 71% level of influence to decision making, meanwhile the rest of the result (29%) shows other factors, which also were related with the decision making other than management information system. To solve with the problem, it is recommended that X Resorts and Hotels decrease the level of information product error in management information used and fasten the delivery of provided information.