bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formin 2 links neuropsychiatric phenotypes at young age to an increased risk for dementia
Authors: Agís‐Balboa Roberto Carlos , Pinheiro Paulo S , Rebola Nelson , Kerimoglu Cemil , Benito Eva , Gertig Michael , Bahari‐Javan Sanaz , Jain Gaurav , Burkhardt Susanne , Delalle Ivana , Jatzko Alexander , Dettenhofer Markus , Zunszain Patricia A , Schmitt Andrea , Falkai Peter , Pape Julius C , Binder Elisabeth B , Mulle Christophe , Fischer Andre , Sananbenesi Farahnaz 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAge‐associated memory decline is due to variable combinations of genetic and environmental risk factors. How these risk factors interact to drive disease onset is currently unknown. Here we begin to elucidate the mechanisms by which post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at a young age contributes to an increased risk to develop dementia at old age. We show that the actin nucleator Formin 2 (Fmn2) is deregulated in PTSD and in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Young mice lacking the Fmn2 gene exhibit PTSD‐like phenotypes and corresponding impairments of synaptic plasticity, while the consolidation of new memories is unaffected. However, Fmn2 mutant mice develop accelerated age‐associated memory decline that is further increased in the presence of additional risk factors and is mechanistically linked to a loss of transcriptional homeostasis. In conclusion, our data present a new approach to explore the connection between AD risk factors across life span and provide mechanistic insight to the processes by which neuropsychiatric diseases at a young age affect the risk for developing dementia.
COMPARACIÓN DEL RENDIMIENTO FÍSICO DE LAS SELECCIONES NACIONALES DE ALEMANIA Y COSTA RICA, DE ACUERDO CON LOS PARÁMETROS DE METROS RECORRIDOS EN ALTA, MEDIANA Y BAJA INTENSIDAD Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA POSICIÓN ALCANZADA EN LA COPA MUNDIAL DE FÚTBOL DE BRASIL 2014
Authors: Rivas Borbón Milton , Salas Cabrera Jorge , Chávez Arce Tony 
Published: August 2017

Objetivo: Comparar las distancias y el porcentaje de metros recorridos en intensidades alta, media y baja de las selecciones nacionales de Alemania y Costa Rica y su relación con la posición obtenida en la Copa Mundial de Fútbol de Brasil 2014. Participantes: Selecciones de fútbol de Costa Rica y Alemania que participaron en sus respectivos partidos en el Mundial. Instrumentos: Los datos de metros recorridos en las intensidades baja, media y alta se obtuvieron de la página oficial de la FIFA. Procedimiento: Después de planteado el estudio, se ingresó a la página web oficial de la FIFA para la obtención de los datos de metros recorridos en intensidad baja, media y alta, los cuales se sometieron a un proceso estadístico. Análisis estadístico: Se aplicó estadística descriptiva a las distancias en metros recorridos en intensidad baja, media y alta, así como las técnicas no paramétricas, (prueba Mann-Whitney), mediante el programa SPSS (versión 17), con un nivel de significancia de p≤ 0,05. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en todos los promedios porcentuales de metros recorridos de alta (Z = 2,78, p = .023), mediana (Z = 2,766, p =0,006) y baja intensidad (Z = 2,766, p = 0,012) de las selecciones de Costa Rica y Alemania. Conclusión: La selección alemana de fútbol, en comparación con la de Costa Rica, consiguió un promedio porcentual significativamente más alto en metros recorridos en las intensidades media y alta, mientras que la selección de Costa Rica obtuvo un promedio porcentual mayor en los metros recorridos en intensidad baja.
RELACIONES TERRITORIALES DE LA ACTIVIDAD TURÍSTICA EN TORNO AL PARQUE NACIONAL RINCÓN DE LA VIEJA, COSTA RICA
Authors: Miranda-Álvarez Pablo , Alvarado-Sánchez Meylin 
Published: August 2017

El desarrollo de la actividad turística en Costa Rica ha estado ligado al Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación del país, el cual ha servido como base para el desarrollo de su imagen turística a nivel internacional. Como resultado de este desarrollo, la Unidad Turística Pacífco Norte establecida por el Instituto Costarricense de Turismo ha experimentado el mayor crecimiento del paísdesde la década de 1990 al ofrecer productos de sol y playa junto con áreas protegidas generando un aumento en la visitación al Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja y el establecimiento, en las comunidades aledañas al área protegida, de una serie de empresas de hospedaje que ofrecen diversas actividades relacionadas con el segmento de turismo alternativo. Por tal razón, se presenta una caracterización del sistema turístico asociado con el Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja que permite identifcar las características de la oferta, demanda, el espacio geográfco y los agentes del mercado con el fn de establecer las relaciones territoriales con las comunidades aledañas al área protegida.Palabras clave:
Age at Intervention for Permanent Hearing Loss and 5-Year Language Outcomes
Authors: Ching Teresa Y.C. , Dillon Harvey , Button Laura , Seeto Mark , Van Buynder Patricia , Marnane Vivienne , Cupples Linda , Leigh Greg 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVES:
Universal newborn hearing screening has been implemented to detect permanent childhood hearing loss (PCHL) early, with the ultimate goal of improving outcomes through early treatment. However, there is disagreement between studies on the size of this benefit and in some cases whether it is significantly different from 0. There have been no studies of sufficient size in which researchers have determined reliably whether the effect varies with degree of PCHL. We aimed to explore how intervention timing influences 5-year language in children with PCHL.

METHODS:
Via a prospective study of 350 children, we used standard multiple regression analyses to investigate the effect of age at intervention or hearing screening on language outcomes after allowing for the effects of nonverbal IQ, degree of PCHL, sex, birth weight, maternal education, additional disabilities, and communication mode.

RESULTS:
The benefit of early intervention for language development increased as hearing loss increased. Children whose amplification started at age 24 months had poorer language than those whose amplification started at 3 months. The difference was larger for 70-dB HL (−11.8 score points; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: −18.7 to −4.8) than for 50-dB HL (−6.8; 95% CI: −10.8 to −2.8). Children who received cochlear implants at 24 months had poorer language than those implanted at 6 months (−21.4; 95% CI: −33.8 to −9.0). There was no significant effect of screening on outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Early intervention improves language outcomes, thereby lending support to streamlining clinical pathways to ensure early amplification and cochlear implantation after diagnosis.
Systemic corticosteroid in the treatment of a 9-year-old boy with Oral Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: A case report
Authors: Silva Brunno Santos de Freitas , Tomeh Jorge Elias Kaluf , Siqueira Claudeir Felipe De Oliveira , Sant'Ana Simone Sousa Silva , Yamamoto-Silva Fernanda Paula 
Published: August 2017

AIM: This report is present a rare case of oral Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (MMP) in a 9-yearold- boy successfully treated with low doses of systemic corticosteroid.CASE DESCRIPTION: A 9-year-old boy was referred to our service with the complaint of painful gingiva and generalized burning mouth sensation over 1 year. Intraoral examination revealed desquamative lesions affecting the entire attached gingiva of both the maxilla and the mandible. After the incisional biopsy the MMP diagnosis was confirmed, and the patient was initially treated with dexamethasone 0,1 mg/Ml mouth rinse twice daily for 24 weeks. Due the difficulty in eating and the presence of persistent large oral lesions, systemic prednisone 20 mg (1 mg/kg) was prescribed for 4 weeks with a 5 mg gradual reduction per week over 3 weeks. After initiating the systemic corticosteroid therapy, the patient showed total regression of the lesions, and no indication of recurrence has been observed in the past 6 months.CONCLUSION: There is no cure for MMP; however, treatment can provide complete and longlasting remission. Based on this premise, it is plausible to consider not only topical but also low doses of systemic corticosteroids in resistant cases of oral MMP, even in children. These measures could improve the quality of life of these patients by reducing pain and, consequently, improving the child’s eating behavior.
Minimal invasive periodontal surgery: a review
Authors: Reddy Sesha M. , Abdelmagyd Hossam AE. , Shetty Shishir R. , Khazi Shakeel S. , Vannala Venkata R. 
Published: August 2017

Objective: Periodontal therapy success is dependent on proper diagnosis and removal of sub gingival tooth–borne deposits such as acquired pellicle, calculus. and bacterial plaque biofilm besides, proper case selection and patient cooperation. From clinical perspective, enhanced visualization during the diagnostic and therapeutic periods has been given away to produce better results when matched to old-style approaches. Minimally invasive periodontal therapy appraises the benefits of using minimal invasive techniques, the knowledge available for improving visualization during therapy. This review reports the benefits and drawbacks of minimally invasive periodontal surgery and validation for current approach.Methods: Keywords such as minimally invasive periodontal surgery, periodontal surgery, and regeneration was used to search in Google and PubMed. Full text articles in English that were published from 1995 to 2016 are presented. Only case and control studies and randomized clinical trials were included in this review.Results: Abstracts and articles published in other languages were not included in the review. This review makes available an evidence–based assessment of the knowledge and procedures.Conclusion: Minimally invasive periodontal surgery might be considered a true reality in the field of periodontal regeneration. Clinical improvements seen were consistently associated with very limited morbidity.
The difference uses of panoramic photo and cbct evaluation of the gnathoplasty surgery outcome
Authors: Wahyuni Ayu , Yunus Muliaty , Ruslin Muhammad 
Published: August 2017

Objective: Gnathoschisis is the most common congenital craniofacial abnormality in patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL and/or P). The panoramic radiograph is one means to establish a diagnosis and treatment plan with two-dimension photograph. The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is one means of supporting the maxillofacial to get a three-dimension photograph. The aim of this study was to determine the difference in the results of the use of panoramic photos and CBCT in evaluation before and after gnathoplasty surgery.Material and Methods: This is an observational descriptive research with cross-sectional study method. All samples that meet the suitable criteria are put in this research. The data gained by collecting status card at medical record installation about photo panoramic application in gnathoschisis patients was then compare to the examination with CBCT.Results: The result performed shows that there is a significant difference between panoramic and CBCT picture. The CBCT provide better evaluation about teeth age and segment position of jaw curve from the cleft size. While the panoramic photo provides a widely covered area to observe facial and teeth bone.Conclusion: The CBCT results are more accurate in evaluating gnathoplasty surgery than panoramic photo; however, exposure to the radiation should be considered.
Assessment of oral hygiene in a sample of orthodontically treated patients using different bracket materials with different motivational techniques in Sulaimani City
Authors: Rauf Aras , Rashid Tara , Fatah Ara , Kareem Fadil , Mohammad Nyaz 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of three different motivational techniques for maintaining good oral hygiene during the long term fixed orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods: This comparative study was carried in Sulaimani city, on 60 patients with their age ranged from 12-18 years having fixed orthodontic appliances for a period of 18± 6 months were selected and divided randomly according to motivational techniques into three study groups (A, B and C), each group was subsequently subdivided into 2 subgroups according to the type of bracket material. The sample was subjected over a period of 6 months to different motivational techniques during the orthodontic treatment. Oral health status was examined and recorded twice using simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S). The results were statistically analyzed with Statistical Product and Service Solutions software (SPSS, V16).
Results: After motivation and reinforcement, improvement of oral health was observed among the patients. Visual evidence motivational technique (applied for group C) approved to be the most significant effective motivational technique (P≤ 0.001) for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment regardless the type of the bracket material.
Conclusion: Orthodontists should concern about the motivation of the patients undergoing orthodontic treatment keeping sustained oral hygiene throughout the treatment period. This study confirmed that visual evidence motivational technique is the best educational and motivational technique for orthodontic patients that should be carried out before and throughout the treatment.
Evaluation of microleakage in the gingival margin of class II resin composite restoration when using three placement techniques (An in vitro study)
Authors: Abdul-Rahman Miwan 
Published: August 2017

Objective: To evaluate and compare the effect of bulk and layering composite filling techniques on the gingival microleakage in class II cavity.
Materials and Methods: Standardized 60 class II cavities were prepared in the proximal surfaces of thirty extracted non caries permanent molars and randomly were divided into two main groups A and B each composed of 30 cavities, for group (A) the gingival floor on mesial side was prepared one mm above the CEJ and for group (B) one mm below the CEJ, then each main group was subdivided into three subgroups (n=10 cavities) according to the composite placement technique: 1) bulk, 2) horizontal, 3) oblique. The specimens were immersed in a solution of 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours. The microleakage scores (0 to 3) were obtained from the cervical surface and the cervical microleakage was analyzed with a stereomicroscope.
Results: The gingival dye penetration increased when the gingival floor was below the CEJ. The microleakage is increased with bulk followed by horizontal and oblique.
Conclusion: This study predicts that the oblique layering composite filling technique of class II is betters then the other techniques when the gingival floor is above and below the CEJ.
Management of impacted permanent maxillary incisors caused by supernumerary tooth: Case report
Authors: Amin Anwar , Rashid Zhwan 
Published: August 2017

Purpose: Improving patient's esthetic and appearance due to impacted upper right incisors caused by impacted supernumerary tooth by moving them in to their proper position within the dental arch.
Methods: Surgical exposure and open tooth eruption technique with fixed orthodontic appliance have been used.
Principal Findings: Treating impacted maxillary incisors with immediate esthetic improvement.
Conclusion: Impacted maxillary incisors could be treated using surgical exposure and open tooth eruption technique with acceptable gingival contour.
Priority in selection of treatment methods used for lymphatic malformations affecting maxillofacial region
Authors: Mussa Qais 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this paper was to discuss and evaluate the treatment plan selection and the outcomes of 82 cases of lymphatic malformation in oral & maxillofacial region.
Materials & Methods: The analysis included of 82 cases of lymphatic malformation in oral & maxillofacial region during the period between January 2004 to November 2013 at maxillofacial department in Al-Hilla General Teaching Hospital. The treatment plans selection depend on details patient history, clinical examination & imaging investigations. Different techniques were used depended on age, extension, site & types of lymphatic malformation. The treatment methods were conservative treatment, surgery, use of sclerosing agents or combinations of them.
Results: Total number of the patients were 82 complains from different types lymphatic malformation, 30 were males constituting 36.5% while 52 were females constituting 63.5% . The youngest patient was 5 days, while the oldest one was 45 years. Forty case treated by sclerotherapy and surgery (48.7%) . Surgery alone as primary treatment done for 27 patients (32.9%) other 10 cases treated by sclerotherapy alone ( 12.1%) & 5 cases ( 6% ) only needs observation.
Conclusions: Careful treatment plan selection depends on age, extension, type of lesion & experience of surgeon associated with good prognosis. Conservative resection was the most effective method in treatment of lymphatic malformation.
Assessment of calcium ions diffusion and pH measurements of three intracanal medicaments through dentinal tubules (in vitro comparative study)
Authors: A-Qadir Chrakhan , Al-Qaisi Salam 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the release of Calcium ions from three intracanal medicaments [Ca(OH)2 , White Proroot MTA , Biodentine], and to measure the PH of these three materials.
Materials and Methods: Forty-two single rooted permanent teeth were prepared using crown down technique with Protaper rotary files to a master apical file size 40. The canals were irrigated by using 2 ml 5.25% NaOCl for 60 seconds after each instrument change, final irrigation of canals using 5 ml of 17% EDTA for 3 minutes and 5 ml of 5.25% NaOCl for 60 seconds and finally 10 ml of saline solution. The canals were dried and the intracanal medicaments were applied according to manufacturer instruction after setting of materials, both apical and coronal openings were sealed by Cavit and a layer of Epoxy resin on it. Each root was immersed in 30 ml of deionized water. The digital pH meter was used for measuring the pH values for each root 10 times per each studied period (1, 2, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60) days; The Calcium ions release measurements were taken for each studied periods using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer device. The results were analyzed statistically using ANOVA (F test), a p-value < 0.05 was considered as a significant.
Results: The pH values for Ca (OH)2 and PMTA groups were gradually increased and need more time for increasing than the Biodentine. The pH values for Biodentine were the highest at the first day then decreased in the 2nd and 7th days, then increased over time until sixty days. The calcium ions release values were gradually increase for three medicament and its values were highest for Biodentine followed by Ca(OH)2 and finally PMTA. The differences between groups were statistically highly significant.
Conclusions: Biodentine exhibited highest mean values in the calcium ions release and pH measurements than other groups and PMTA showed lowest mean values in the calcium ion release and pH measurement.
Prevalence of missing permanent teeth in 9-14 years dental patients in Sulaimani city - Radiographic study
Authors: Jalal Ranj 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of missing permanent teeth in a sample of dental patients.
Materials and Methods: A total of 1133 digital OPG images, for students aged between 9-14 years, were retrieved from archived records. All the digital images were evaluated on the computer screen for determining the number, type and site of missing teeth in relation to age and sex.
Results: The prevalence of hypodontia was 14.1% (6% for males, 8.1% for females) with no sex variation. Most cases (51.28%) with hypodontia had only one missing tooth (21.79% for males, 29.49% for females). The most commonly missing teeth were the maxillary lateral incisors (37.8%), followed by the mandibular second premolars (34.1%).
Conclusion: High prevalence of missing teeth could be reported depending on OPG alone. Single tooth loss, maxillary jaw, and left side were the common features of missing permanent teeth in teenagers of our sample.
The prevalence of lower alveolar flat ridge among completely edentulous patients in Sulaimani
Authors: Al-Jmoor Cheman , Al-Kadi Faten , Abdulkareem Jwan 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: The aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of lower flat ridge among a sample of completely edentulous patients, and to correlate it with age, gender, the presence or absence of a previous denture and the period of complete edentulism.
Materials and Methods: 297 patients with lower flat ridge were included in the study. A questionnaire was used to record the data of each patient which include; the gender, the age of the patient, the presence or the absence of a previous denture, and the date of the last tooth extraction (the period of complete edentulism). The patients were informed that the recorded information was required for a research purpose, and it will be used in a survey, and their consents and agreements were taken verbally. All the collected data were checked and assessed by a prosthodontic specialist. The patients age were divided into four groups; (41-50 years), (51-60 years), (61-70 years), (more than 71 years). The period of complete edentulism were divided into two groups; (up to 5 years), and (more than 5 years). The data were correlated and descriptive statistic of tables, numbers and percentages along with Chi-Square, were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results of the study showed that; 150 (50.505%) of the patients were males and 147 (49.494%) of the patients were females. The majority of the patients were from the age group (61-70) and (51-60) years in male and female respectively. No significant differences were found between gender and age group (P>0.05). The occurrence of the lower flat ridge was significantly higher in patients with previous dentures 184(61.952%) than those without dentures 113(38.047%) in both genders (P< 0.05). Finally, the results revealed that patients who were completely edentulous for up to five years had significantly higher numbers of lower flat ridge 178(59.932%) comparing to those who were completely edentulous for more than five years 119(40.067%).
Conclusions: The presence of a previous denture, the longevity period of complete edentulism, the age, and the gender of the patient has an effect on the resorption of the lower residual ridge, and on the height of the lower residual ridge.