bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverse associations between cardiometabolic risk factors and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in obese American children and adolescents
Authors: Lee Miryoung , Ebert James R. , Kadakia Madhavi P. , Zhang Jin , Czerwinski Stefan A. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo examine the association between 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese American children.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on 209 obese children (55% females, 25.8% black) aged between 6 and 19 years old. Study measurements included plasma 25(OH)D concentrations, blood pressure, lipids and oxidized LDL levels, insulin resistance (IR) indices from glucose, insulin and 5 hour oral glucose tolerance test.ResultsFifty‐one percent of the children had vitamin D deficiency. Older age [OR (95% CI) = 1.16 (1.00, 1.35)], black race/ethnicity [15.39 (5.79, 40.92)], winter/spring season [3.46 (1.69, 7.02)] and higher body mass index (BMI) [1.05 (0.99, 1.11)] were associated with increased odds of having vitamin D deficiency. None of cardiometabolic risk factors examined were significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency in age, race/ethnicity, season, and BMI adjusted models. In age, race/ethnicity, season and BMI adjusted models, total cholesterol (β = −0.001, P = 0.013), non‐HDL‐C (β = −0.001, P = 0.014), and oxidized LDL (β = −0.087, P = 0.045) were inversely associated with log‐transformed 25(OH)D. An approximate 10 mg/dl increase in total cholesterol or in non‐HDL‐C was associated with an approximate 1.3% decrease in the geometric mean of 25(OH)D concentration. Further a 10% increase in ox‐LDL levels was associated with an approximate 0.8% decrease in the geometric mean of 25(OH)D.ConclusionVitamin D deficiency is prevalent in obese American children. There was evidence that some cardiometabolic risk factors including lipid levels and oxidized LDL levels were significantly inversely associated with 25(OH)D concentration in our sample. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:736–742, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A retrospective study of in‐hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Fujiwara Shinsuke , Koike Tomotaka , Moriyasu Megumi , Nakagawa Masashi , Atagi Kazuaki , Lefor Alan K. , Fujitani Shigeki ,   IHCA study group
Published: May 2016

AimIn‐hospital cardiac arrest is an important issue in health care today. Data regarding in‐hospital cardiac arrest in Japan is limited. In Australia and the USA, the Rapid Response System has been implemented in many institutions and data regarding in‐hospital cardiac arrest are collected to evaluate the efficacy of the Rapid Response System. This is a multicenter retrospective survey of in‐hospital cardiac arrest, providing data before implementing a Rapid Response System.MethodsTen institutions planning to introduce a Rapid Response System were recruited to collect in‐hospital cardiac arrest data. The Institutional Review Board at each participating institution approved this study. Data for patients admitted at each institution from April 1, 2011 until March 31, 2012 were extracted using the three keywords “closed‐chest compression”, “epinephrine”, and “defibrillation”. Patients under 18 years old, or who suffered cardiac arrest in the emergency room or the intensive care unit were excluded.ResultsA total of 228 patients in 10 institutions were identified. The average age was 73 ± 13 years. Males represented 64% of the patients (82/146). Overall survival after in‐hospital cardiac arrest was 7% (16/228). Possibly preventable cardiac arrests represented 15% (33/228) of patients, with medical safety issues identified in 8% (19/228). Vital sign abnormalities before cardiac arrest were observed in 63% (138/216) of patients.ConclusionsApproximately 60% of patients had abnormal vital signs before cardiac arrest. These patients may have an improved clinical outcome by implementing a Rapid Response System.
Recurrent convulsions, hypocalcemia, and hypoparathyroidism related to delayed diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in a middle‐aged man
Authors: Okazaki Tomoya , Hifumi Toru , Ibata Tomohiro , Manabe Arisa , Hamaya Hideyuki , Yoshimoto Takuo , Imachi Hitomi , Murao Koji , Kawakita Kenya , Kuroda Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2016

CaseA 49‐year‐old man had idiopathic epilepsy with recurrent convulsions and history of cleft palate, mental retardation, schizophrenia, and cataract. He had convulsions the day before and on the day of admission. Fosphenytoin was given i.v.; his convulsion stopped, but he lost consciousness 2 h later and was admitted. Glasgow Coma Scale score on arrival was 3. Cerebral computed tomography showed bilateral calcification in the basal ganglia. Laboratory tests showed decreased serum calcium and albumin and increased creatine kinase. He regained consciousness after i.v. calcium gluconate administration. Additionally, he showed decreased parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D. Suspecting hypoparathyroidism, i.v. calcium gluconate was changed to oral vitamin D. His medical history and physical appearance suggested 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, confirmed by chromosomal analysis.OutcomeThe patient was discharged after 29 days and remains convulsion‐free.ConclusionHypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adult recurrent convulsions.
Pt3Co Octapods as Superior Catalysts of CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Khan Munir Ullah , Wang Liangbing , Liu Zhao , Gao Zehua , Wang Shenpeng , Li Hongliang , Zhang Wenbo , Wang Menglin , Wang Zhengfei , Ma Chao , Zeng Jie 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAs the electron transfer to CO2 is a critical step in the activation of CO2, it is of significant importance to engineer the electronic properties of CO2 hydrogenation catalysts to enhance their activity. Herein, we prepared Pt3Co nanocrystals with improved catalytic performance towards CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Pt3Co octapods, Pt3Co nanocubes, Pt octapods, and Pt nanocubes were tested, and the Pt3Co octapods achieved the best catalytic activity. Both the presence of multiple sharp tips and charge transfer between Pt and Co enabled the accumulation of negative charges on the Pt atoms in the vertices of the Pt3Co octapods. Moreover, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy confirmed that the high negative charge density at the Pt atoms in the vertices of the Pt3Co octapods promotes the activation of CO2 and accordingly enhances the catalytic activity.
Reductive Umpolung of Carbonyl Derivatives with Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis: Direct Access to Vicinal Diamines and Amino Alcohols via α‐Amino Radicals and Ketyl Radicals
Authors: Fava Eleonora , Millet Anthony , Nakajima Masaki , Loescher Sebastian , Rueping Magnus 
Published: May 2016

AbstractVisible‐light‐mediated photoredox‐catalyzed aldimine–aniline and aldehyde–aniline couplings have been realized. The reductive single electron transfer (SET) umpolung of various carbonyl derivatives enabled the generation of intermediary ketyl and α‐amino radical anions, which were utilized for the synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted 1,2‐diamines and amino alcohols.
Devil rays (Chondrichthyes: Mobula) of the Arabian Seas, with a redescription of Mobula kuhlii (Valenciennes in Müller and Henle, 1841)
Authors: di Sciara Giuseppe Notarbartolo , Fernando Daniel , Adnet Sylvain , Cappetta Henri , Jabado Rima W. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Devil rays (genus Mobula) are pelagic elasmobranchs widely distributed throughout tropical, subtropical and warm‐temperate waters. Their occurrence and distribution remains poorly documented in the Arabian Seas region. A review is provided of species occurrence in these water bodies along with a synthesis of regional information on their biology and ecology.
Based on the available evidence, five Mobula species occur in the region (M. eregoodootenkee, M. japanica, M. kuhlii, M. tarapacana, and M. thurstoni). Of these, three (M. eregoodootenkee, M. tarapacana and M. thurstoni) were found to occur in the Red Sea, and three (M. eregoodootenkee, M. japanica, and M. kuhlii) were found to occur in the Arabian/Persian Gulf. Mobula japanica and M. kuhlii are reported here for the first time in Gulf waters. All five species were found in the Indian Ocean waters between the Gulf of Aden and Pakistan.
To address the still uncertain taxonomy of M. kuhlii, a redescription of this species is provided based on a sample of fresh specimen material.
Mobula diabolus is a nomen ambiguum, never used to unambiguously designate any newly described species, and its use should be avoided.
Considering the life‐history traits that make these species particularly vulnerable to fishing pressure, current levels of exploitation in by‐catch fisheries are unlikely to be sustainable, despite the fact that the trade in gill plates does not seem to be prevalent in this region. Critical knowledge gaps unfortunately still exist, crippling effective management and conservation actions.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disc‐jet‐wind coupling in black hole binaries, and other stories
Authors: Fender R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this article, I briefly review our current understanding of the phenomenological connections between accretion flows, jets and winds in black hole binaries. I further highlight a couple of topical and important areas which need the attention of the community and should lead to interesting astro‐physics. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modelling aperiodic X‐ray variabiity in black hole binaries as propagating mass accretion rate fluctuations: A short review
Authors: Ingram A.R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBlack hole binary systems can emit very bright and rapidly varying X‐ray signals when material from the companion accretes onto the black hole, liberating huge amounts of gravitational potential energy. Central to this process of accretion is turbulence. In the propagating mass accretion rate fluctuations model, turbulence is generated throughout the inner accretion flow, causing fluctuations in the accretion rate. Fluctuations from the outer regions propagate towards the black hole, modulating the fluctuations generated in the inner regions. Here, I present the theoretical motivation behind this picture before reviewing the array of statistical variability properties observed in the light curves of black hole binaries that are naturally explained by the model. I also discuss the remaining challenges for the model, both in terms of comparison to data and in terms of including more sophisticated theoretical considerations. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Accretion disk winds in active galactic nuclei: X‐ray observations, models, and feedback
Authors: Tombesi E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPowerful winds driven by active galactic nuclei (AGN) are often invoked to play a fundamental role in the evolution of both supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies, quenching star formation and explaining the tight SMBH‐galaxy relations. A strong support of this “quasar mode” feedback came from the recent X‐ray observation of a mildly relativistic accretion disk wind in a ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) and its connection with a large‐scale molecular outflow, providing a direct link between the SMBH and the gas out of which stars form. Spectroscopic observations, especially in the X‐ray band, show that such accretion disk winds may be common in local AGN and quasars. However, their origin and characteristics are still not fully understood. Detailed theoretical models and simulations focused on radiation, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) or a combination of these two processes to investigate the possible acceleration mechanisms and the dynamics of these winds. Some of these models have been directly compared to X‐ray spectra, providing important insights into the wind physics. However, fundamental improvements on these studies will come only from the unprecedented energy resolution and sensitivity of the upcoming X‐ray observatories, namely ASTRO‐H (launch date early 2016) and Athena (2028). (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quasi periodic oscilations in active galactic nuclei
Authors: Alston W. , Fabian A. , Markevičiūte J. , Parker M. , Middleton M. , Kara E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractQuasi‐periodic oscillations (QPOs) are coherent peaks of variability power observed in the X‐ray power spectra (PSDs) of stellar mass X‐ray binaries (XRBs). A scale invariance of the accretion process implies they should be present in the active galactic nuclei. The first robust detection was a ∼ 1 h periodicity in the Seyfert galaxy RE J1034+396 from a ∼ 90 ks XMM‐Newton observation; however, subsequent observations failed to detect the QPO in the 0.3–10.0 keV band. In this talk we present the recent detection of the ∼ 1 h periodicity in the 1.0–4.0 keV band of 4 further low‐flux/spectrally‐harder observations of RE J1034+396 (see Alston et al. 2014). We also present recent work on the discovery of a QPO in the Seyfert galaxy, MS 2254.9–3712, which again is only detected in energy bands associated with the primary power‐law continuum emission (Alston et al. 2015). We conclude these features are most likely analogous to the high‐frequency QPOs observed in XRBs. In both sources, we also see evidence for X‐ray reverberation at the QPO frequency, where soft X‐ray bands and Iron Kα emission lag the primary X‐ray continuum. These time delays may provide another diagnostic for understanding the underlying QPO mechanism observed in accreting black holes. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Minimum X‐ray source size of the on‐axis corona in AGN
Authors: Dovčiak M. , Done C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe “lamppost” model is often used to describe the X‐ray source geometry in AGN, where an infinitesimal point source is located on the black hole spin axis. This is especially invoked for narrow line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies, where an extremely broad iron line seen in episodes of low X‐ray flux can both be explained by extremely strong relativistic effects as the source approaches the black hole horizon. The most extreme spectrum seen from the NLS1 1H0707‐495 requires that the source is less than 1 GM /c2 above the event horizon in this geometry. However, the source must also be large enough to intercept sufficient seed photons from the disc to make the hard X‐ray Compton continuum which produces the observed iron line/reflected spectrum. We use a fully relativistic ray tracing code to show that this implies that the source must be substantially larger than 1GM /c2 in 1H0707‐495 if the disc is the source of seed photons. Hence the source cannot fit as close as 1 GM /c2 to the horizon, so the observed spectrum and variability are not formed purely by effects of strong gravity but probably also by changes in corona and inner accretion flow geometry. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An intermediate‐mass black hole candidate in M51?
Authors: Earnshaw H. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe present the current results of an investigation into M51 ULX‐7, using archival data from XMM‐Newton, Chandra and NuSTAR, and optical and radio data from HST and VLA. The source has a consistently hard power‐law X‐ray spectrum and high short‐term variability. This is unusual variability behaviour for a ULX, as we would expect highly variable ULXs to have soft energy spectra. The power spectrum features a break at ∼ 10–3 Hz, from low frequency spectral index α = 0.1 to high frequency spectral index α = 0.8, analogous to the low frequency break found in power spectra of black holes accreting in the low/hard state. We do not observe a corresponding high frequency break, however taking the white noise level as a frequency lower limit of the break, we can calculate a black hole mass upper limit of 9.12×104 M, assuming that the ULX is in the low/hard state. While there is no radio detection, we find a flux density upper limit of 87 µJy/beam. Using the X‐ray/radio fundamental plane, we calculate a black hole mass upper limit of 1.95×105 M®. Therefore, this ULX is consistent with being an IMBH accreting in the low/hard state. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High ionisation absorption in low mass X‐ray binaries
Authors: Ponti G. , Bianchi S. , Muñoz‐Darias T. , De K. , Fender R. , Merloni A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe advent of the new generation of X‐ray telescopes yielded a significant step forward in our understanding of ionised absorption generated in the accretion discs of X‐ray binaries. It has become evident that these relatively weak and narrow absorption features, sporadically present in the X‐ray spectra of some systems, are actually the signature of equatorial outflows, which might carry away more matter than that being accreted. Therefore, they play a major role in the accretion phenomenon. These outflows (or ionised atmospheres) are ubiquitous during the softer states but absent during the powerlaw dominated, hard states, suggesting a strong link with the state of the inner accretion disc, presence of the radio‐jet and the properties of the central source. Here, we discuss the current understanding of this field. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A dual velocity in the highly ionized wind of the luminous narrow line Seyfert galaxy PG 1211+143
Authors: Pounds K. A. , Lobban A. , Reeves J. N. , Vaughan S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn extended XMM‐Newton observation of the luminous narrow line Seyfert galaxy PG 1211+143 in 2014 has revealed a complex high velocity outflow, with components distinguished in velocity, ionization and short‐term variability. We report here the detection of previously unseen spectral structure in Fe K absorption, finding a second velocity component of the highly ionized wind, apparently co‐moving with a low ionization flow detected in the soft X‐ray spectrum. Comparison with the first observation in 2001 finds a similar outflow energy rate. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Absorption from a multi‐layer circumnuclear medium and reflection from the accretion disc in NGC 1365
Authors: Risaliti G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNGC 1365 hosts an X‐ray obscured AGN known for both its variable absorption and its relativistic features in the reflection component. Recent simultaneous observations performed by XMM‐Newton and NuSTAR caught the source in a rare, nearly unobscured state, revealing the presence of a warm absorber and a neutral, but low column density (∼ 1022 cm–2) absorber, usually not observable due to thicker layers along the line of sight. Here I propose a multi‐layer structure of the circumnuclear medium which can explain all the observed absorption states of this source, and their variability properties. Remarkably, despite the spectral complexity due to this multi‐component absorber, the relativistic reflection component (and hence the black hole spin) can be unambiguously measured through a time resolved spectroscopic analysis. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Constraining the shielded wind scenario in PG 2112+059
Authors: Saez C. , Brandt W. N. , Bauer F. E. , Hamann F. , Chartas G. , Gallagher S. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe physical scenario describing the origin of quasar winds remains largely unsettled due to our failure to account for X‐ray weak BAL quasars. We approach this problem by studying the relation between the inner part of the outflow which is likely to be shielding the X‐ray emission and the UV winds characterized by broad absorption lines (BALs). In particular, we aim to probe the wind‐shield connection in the highly X‐ray variable BAL quasar PG 2112+059, which has exhibited periods of X‐ray weakness and X‐ray normality in the past. A set of two 20 ks Chandra observations and two contemporaneous HST observations, separated by at least eight months, combined with a nearly simultaneous archival Chandra ‐HST observation from 2002, afford us a unique opportunity to study the connection between the shield (which is thought to be responsible for the X‐ray absorption) and the ionization state of the wind (observed as UV BAL features; e.g., Civ and Ovi lines) over various timescales. In this review, which was based on a presentation in the XMM‐Newton 2015 Science Workshop, we provide background relevant to our study and briefly analyze a recent Chandra observation of our new set of multiwavelength observations of PG 2112+059. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Metal Ions Play an Essential Catalytic Role in the Mechanism of Ketol–Acid Reductoisomerase
Authors: Tadrowski Sonya , Pedroso Marcelo M. , Sieber Volker , Larrabee James A. , Guddat Luke W. , Schenk Gerhard 
Published: May 2016

AbstractKetol–acid reductoisomerase (KARI) is a Mg2+‐dependent enzyme in the branched‐chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway. It catalyses a complex two‐part reaction: an alkyl migration followed by a NADPH‐dependent reduction. Both reactions occur within the one active site, but in particular, the mechanism of the isomerisation step is poorly understood. Here, using a combination of kinetic, thermodynamic and spectroscopic techniques, the reaction mechanisms of both Escherichia coli and rice KARI have been investigated. We propose a conserved mechanism of catalysis, whereby a hydroxide, bridging the two Mg2+ ions in the active site, initiates the reaction by abstracting a proton from the C2 alcohol group of the substrate. While the μ‐hydroxide‐bridged dimetallic centre is pre‐assembled in the bacterial enzyme, in plant KARI substrate binding leads to a reduction of the metal–metal distance with the concomitant formation of a hydroxide bridge. Only Mg2+ is capable of promoting the isomerisation reaction, likely to be due to non‐competent substrate binding in the presence of other metal ions.
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF CALCIUM‐SILVER, CALCIUM‐GOLD, AND STRONTIUM‐ZINC
Authors: MERLO F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCaAg und CaAu mit Raumgruppe Cmcm und CrB‐Typ‐Struktur sowie SrZn mit Pnma und FeB‐Typ‐Struktur wurden mittels Röntgenbeugung untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE DETECTION OF ELECTRIC FIELD EFFECT ON THE NUCLEATION OF THE FERROELECTRIC PHASE OF KD2PO4
Authors: DALAL N. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEs wird über die (erstmalige) Anwendung der EPR‐Spektroskopie zur Untersuchung des Wachsens einer strukturellen Phase in eine andere berichtet.
ChemInform Abstract: INFLUENCE OF PH ON THE REDUCTION OF THICK ANODIC OXIDE FILMS ON GOLD
Authors: BURKE L. D. , LYONS M. E. , WHELAN D. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Reduktion der dicken Oxidfilme, die im Bereich der O2‐Gas‐Entwicklung auf Au anodisch erzeugt werden, wurde durch sweep‐ und scan‐rate‐Messungen in 1.0 mol · dm‐3‐Lösungen von H2SO4 bzw. NaOH untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: DETERMINATION OF THE ONSET OF THE DEZINCIFICATION OF α‐BRASS USING X‐RAY PHOTOELECTRON (ESCA) SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: BARR T. L. , HACKENBERG J. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBez. der Korrosion von Cu‐Zn‐Messingen durch Zn‐Verlust wurde festgestellt, daß die Wanderung von Zn2+ aus der Legierung durch die Passivierungsschichten unter Bildung einer ZnO‐Deckschicht des Initialeffekts bei der Dezinkifizierung von luftpassiviertem α‐Messing in simuliertem Meerwasser ist.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF TETRAFLUOROAMMONIUM SALTS DERIVED FROM THE LEWIS ACIDS ALUMINUM FLUORIDE AND BERYLLIUM FLUORIDE
Authors: CHRISTE K. O. , WILSON W. W. , SCHACK C. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus frisch hergestelltem Tetrafluorammonium‐hydrogendifluorid (III) erhält man mit Beryllium bzw. Aluminium‐fluorid die Salze (V) und (VII), die für Sprengstoffe und für NF3‐ F2‐Quellen für chemische Laser von Interesse sind.
ChemInform Abstract: ALDOL STRATEGY: COORDINATION OF THE LITHIUM CATION WITH AN ALKOXY SUBSTITUENT
Authors: MASAMUNE S. , ELLINGBOE J. W. , CHOY W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn Abhängigkeit von der Größe der Substituenten R1 und (insbesondere) R2 verläuft die Enolat‐Bildung der Ketone (I) bis zu 100% stereoselektiv zugunsten des Z‐Enolats ((II) und (III) werden als Trimethylsilylether bestimmt).