bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soviet Manipulation of the Memory of the Lithuanian Guerrilla War
Authors: Jurkutė Mingailė 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The paper analyses the transformation of the collective memory of the Lithuanian guerrilla war (1944–1953) during the Soviet occupation. The problem that arises on observation of the collective memory of Guerrilla war period is the disparity between the sense and meaning of the guerilla war as it was happening and the shapes of its memory that emerged at the beginning of the perestrojka and the reestablishment of the independence. The shift from the high support for the resistance and it’s goals in the 50’s to the ignorance of it can be observed, as well as the changing of the perception of it as the fight between two sovereign countries (Lithuania and the SSRS) towards the internal conflict in Lithuanian society. The paper raises the question about the reasons for this transformation and the impact of Soviet propaganda (expanding it to the scope of “historical culture” in Jorn Rüsen terms). The research of one peculiar sphere of soviet historical culture, that is, the building of monuments and carrying out of the related memorial practices, proved, that the forms and the intensity of the development of the soviet narrative of the Lithuanian Guerrilla war were poor and inconsequential. Such a results support the hypothesis that the soviet historical culture was not decisive in transformation of a collective memory, and that suggests to pay more attention not to the actions of the regime, but to sociological, sociohistorical and anthropological research of Lithuanian soviet society.
On the Onset of Thermal Convection in a Layer of Oldroydian Visco-Elastic Fluid Saturated by Brinkman–Darcy Porous Medium
Authors: Chand Ramesh 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Thermal instability in a horizontal layer of Oldroydian visco-elastic fluid in a porous medium is investigated. For porous medium the Brinkman–Darcy model is considered. A linear stability analysis based upon perturbation method and normal mode technique is used to find solution of the fluid layer confined between two free-free boundaries. The onset criterion for stationary and oscillatory convection is derived analytically. The influence of the Brinkman–Darcy, Prandtl–Darcy number, stress relaxation parameter on the stationary and oscillatory convection is studied both analytically and graphically. The sufficient condition for the validity of PES has also been derived.
Stiffness of Railway Soil-Steel Structures
Authors: Machelski Czesław 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The considerable influence of the soil backfill properties and that of the method of compacting it on the stiffness of soil-steel structures is characteristic of the latter. The above factors (exhibiting randomness) become apparent in shell deformation measurements conducted during construction and proof test loading. A definition of soil-shell structure stiffness, calculated on the basis of shell deflection under the service load, is proposed in the paper. It is demonstrated that the stiffness is the inverse of the deflection influence function used in structural mechanics. The moving load methodology is shown to be useful for testing, since it makes it possible to map the shell deflection influence line also in the case of group loads (concentrated forces), as in bridges. The analyzed cases show that the shell’s span, geometry (static scheme) and the height of earth fill influence the stiffness of the structure. The soil-steel structure’s characteristic parameter in the form of stiffness k is more suitable for assessing the quality of construction works than the proposed in code geometric index ω applied to beam structures. As shown in the given examples, parameter k is more effective than stiffness parameter λ used to estimate the deformation of soil-steel structures under construction. Although the examples concern railway structures, the methodology proposed in the paper is suitable also for road bridges.
Pile Load Capacity – Calculation Methods
Authors: Wrana Bogumił 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The article is a review of the current problems of the foundation pile capacity calculations. The article considers the main principles of pile capacity calculations presented in Eurocode 7 and other methods with adequate explanations. Two main methods are presented: α – method used to calculate the short-term load capacity of piles in cohesive soils and β – method used to calculate the long-term load capacity of piles in both cohesive and cohesionless soils. Moreover, methods based on cone CPTu result are presented as well as the pile capacity problem based on static tests.
Soil fauna research in Poland: earthworms (Lumbricidae)
Authors: Pączka Grzegorz , Mazur-Pączka Anna , Kostecka Joanna 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLiving organisms are the foundation of ecosystem services. Of particular notice is zooedaphone, often underestimated and basically unknown to the general public. The present review summarizes the current state of knowledge related to earthworms occurring in natural and anthropogenically altered habitats in Poland, in the context of the requirement for protection of soil biodiversity.
Mechanical and Electronic Properties of P42/mnm Silicon Carbides
Authors: Zhang Quan , Wei Qun , Yan Haiyan , Fan Qingyang , Zhu Xuanmin , Zhang Junqin , Zhang Dongyun 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Two new phases of Si8C4 and Si4C8 with the P42/mnm symmetry are proposed. Using first principles calculations based on density functional theory, the structural, elastic, and electronic properties of Si8C4 and Si4C8 are studied systematically. Both Si8C4 and Si4C8 are proved to be mechanically and dynamically stable. The elastic anisotropies of Si8C4 and Si4C8 are studied in detail. Electronic structure calculations show that Si8C4 and Si4C8 are indirect semiconductors with the band gap of 0.74 and 0.15 eV, respectively.
Guidance of Axons by Local Coupling of Retrograde Flow to Point Contact Adhesions
Authors: Nichol Robert H. , Hagen Kate M. , Lumbard Derek C. , Dent Erik W. , Gómez Timothy M. 
Published: February 2016

Growth cones interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) through integrin receptors at adhesion sites termed point contacts. Point contact adhesions link ECM proteins to the actin cytoskeleton through numerous adaptor and signaling proteins. One presumed function of growth cone point contacts is to restrain or “clutch” myosin-II-based filamentous actin (F-actin) retrograde flow (RF) to promote leading edge membrane protrusion. In motile non-neuronal cells, myosin-II binds and exerts force upon actin filaments at the leading edge, where clutching forces occur. However, in growth cones, it is unclear whether similar F-actin-clutching forces affect axon outgrowth and guidance. Here, we show inXenopusspinal neurons that RF is reduced in rapidly migrating growth cones on laminin (LN) compared with non-integrin-binding poly-d-lysine (PDL). Moreover, acute stimulation with LN accelerates axon outgrowth over a time course that correlates with point contact formation and reduced RF. These results suggest that RF is restricted by the assembly of point contacts, which we show occurs locally by two-channel imaging of RF and paxillin. Further, using micropatterns of PDL and LN, we demonstrate that individual growth cones have differential RF rates while interacting with two distinct substrata. Opposing effects on RF rates were also observed in growth cones treated with chemoattractive and chemorepulsive axon guidance cues that influence point contact adhesions. Finally, we show that RF is significantly attenuatedin vivo, suggesting that it is restrained by molecular clutching forces within the spinal cord. Together, our results suggest that local clutching of RF can control axon guidance on ECM proteins downstream of axon guidance cues.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere, we correlate point contact adhesions directly with clutching of filamentous actin retrograde flow (RF), which our findings strongly suggest guides developing axons. Acute assembly of new point contact adhesions is temporally and spatially linked to attenuation of RF at sites of forward membrane protrusion. Importantly, clutching of RF is modulated by extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and soluble axon guidance cues, suggesting that it may regulate axon guidancein vivo. Consistent with this notion, we found that RF rates of spinal neuron growth cones were slowerin vivothan what was observedin vitro. Together, our study provides the best evidence that growth cone–ECM adhesions clutch RF locally to guide axonsin vivo.
Functional Architecture of the Rat Parasubiculum
Authors: Tang Qiusong , Burgalossi Andrea , Ebbesen Christian Laut , Sanguinetti-Scheck Juan Ignacio , Schmidt Helene , Tukker John J. , Naumann Robert , Ray Saikat , Preston-Ferrer Patricia , Schmitz Dietmar , Brecht Michael 
Published: February 2016

The parasubiculum is a major input structure of layer 2 of medial entorhinal cortex, where most grid cells are found. Here we investigated parasubicular circuits of the rat by anatomical analysis combined with juxtacellular recording/labeling and tetrode recordings during spatial exploration. In tangential sections, the parasubiculum appears as a linear structure flanking the medial entorhinal cortex mediodorsally. With a length of ∼5.2 mm and a width of only ∼0.3 mm (approximately one dendritic tree diameter), the parasubiculum is both one of the longest and narrowest cortical structures. Parasubicular neurons span the height of cortical layers 2 and 3, and we observed no obvious association of deep layers to this structure. The “superficial parasubiculum” (layers 2 and 1) divides into ∼15 patches, whereas deeper parasubicular sections (layer 3) form a continuous band of neurons. Anterograde tracing experiments show that parasubicular neurons extend long “circumcurrent” axons establishing a “global” internal connectivity. The parasubiculum is a prime target of GABAergic and cholinergic medial septal inputs. Other input structures include the subiculum, presubiculum, and anterior thalamus. Functional analysis of identified and unidentified parasubicular neurons shows strong theta rhythmicity of spiking, a large fraction of head-direction selectivity (50%, 34 of 68), and spatial responses (grid, border and irregular spatial cells, 57%, 39 of 68). Parasubicular output preferentially targets patches of calbindin-positive pyramidal neurons in layer 2 of medial entorhinal cortex, which might be relevant for grid cell function. These findings suggest the parasubiculum might shape entorhinal theta rhythmicity and the (dorsoventral) integration of information across grid scales.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGrid cells in medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) are crucial components of an internal navigation system of the mammalian brain. The parasubiculum is a major input structure of layer 2 of MEC, where most grid cells are found. Here we provide a functional and anatomical characterization of the parasubiculum and show that parasubicular neurons display unique features (i.e., strong theta rhythmicity of firing, prominent head-direction selectivity, and output selectively targeted to layer 2 pyramidal cell patches of MEC). These features could contribute to shaping the temporal and spatial code of downstream grid cells in entorhinal cortex.
Global Varicella Vaccine Effectiveness: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Marin Mona , Marti Melanie , Kambhampati Anita , Jeram Stanley M. , Seward Jane F. 
Published: February 2016

CONTEXT:
Several varicella vaccines are available worldwide. Countries with a varicella vaccination program use 1- or 2-dose schedules.

OBJECTIVE:
We examined postlicensure estimates of varicella vaccine effectiveness (VE) among healthy children.

DATA SOURCES:
Systematic review and descriptive and meta-analysis of Medline, Embase, Cochrane libraries, and CINAHL databases for reports published during 1995–2014.

STUDY SELECTION:
Publications that reported original data on dose-specific varicella VE among immunocompetent children.

DATA EXTRACTION:
We used random effects meta-analysis models to obtain pooled one dose VE estimates by disease severity (all varicella and moderate/severe varicella). Within each severity category, we assessed pooled VE by vaccine and by study design. We used descriptive statistics to summarize 1-dose VE against severe disease. For 2-dose VE, we calculated pooled estimates against all varicella and by study design.

RESULTS:
The pooled 1-dose VE was 81% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78%–84%) against all varicella and 98% (95% CI: 97%–99%) against moderate/severe varicella with no significant association between VE and vaccine type or study design (P &gt; .1). For 1 dose, median VE for prevention of severe disease was 100% (mean = 99.4%). The pooled 2-dose VE against all varicella was 92% (95% CI: 88%–95%), with similar estimates by study design.

LIMITATIONS:
VE was assessed primarily during outbreak investigations and using clinically diagnosed varicella.

CONCLUSIONS:
One dose of varicella vaccine was moderately effective in preventing all varicella and highly effective in preventing moderate/severe varicella, with no differences by vaccine. The second dose adds improved protection against all varicella.
No Association between CagA- and VacA-Positive Strains of Helicobacter Pylori and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Noche C. Domngang , Njajou O. , Etoa F. X. 
Published: February 2016

Introduction Glaucoma is a public health issue worldwide, particularly in Africa. In Cameroon, the prevalence rate of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) ranges between 4.5% and 8.2%. Helicobacter pylori (HP) has been implicated in digestive and extra-digestive diseases, including glaucoma. The objective of this work was to evaluate the implication of CagA- and VacA-positive strains of HP in POAG using a case-control design. Methods An analytical study was conducted from October 2013 to December 2013. Participants were recruited in eye care centers in Yaoundé. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were carried out in the La Grace Laboratory in Yaoundé. Results The total sample consisted of 50 POAG patients and 31 controls with a mean age of 58.5 ± 12.2 years and 45.5 ± 14.6 years, respectively. The prevalence rates of HP in the POAG and control groups were 74% (37/50) and 87% (27/31), respectively ( P = 0.125). The prevalence rates of CagA-positive HP seropositivity in the POAG and control groups were 26% and 22.58%, respectively ( P = 0.47), and the prevalence rates of VacA-positive HP participants were 6% and 0%, respectively ( P = 0.22). Conclusion The HP prevalence rates among POAG patients and controls were 74% and 87%, respectively. There was no significant difference between prevalence rates of HP in the POAG and control groups. There was no association between POAG and CagA- or VacA-positive HP infection.
The Effectiveness and Efficiency of Inpatient Rehabilitation Services in Thailand: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Kuptniratsaikul Vilai , Wattanapan Pattra , Wathanadilokul Ubonwon , Sukonthamarn Kwanyupa , Lukkanapichonchut Pranee , Ingkasuthi Kanlaya , Massakulpan Pornpimon , Klaphajone Jakkrit , Suethanapornkul Sumalee , Tunwattanapong Punjama , Laksanakorn Wipawee , Thamronglaohaphan Pitagorn , Leelasamran Wipawan , Wangno Wuttiganok 
Published: February 2016

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of inpatient rehabilitation. Methods A total of 2,081 patients across 14 hospitals were recruited in this prospective, multicenter cohort study. Data on the diagnoses, types of admission, length of stay (LOS), and functional ability score based on a modified Barthel index (BI) at admission (BIa) and at discharge (BId) were collected. Effectiveness was defined as the difference of BI (ΔBI) and efficiency as ΔBI divided by LOS. Results The majority of patients were diagnosed with spinal cord injury and stroke (41.8% and 37.5%, respectively). The mean age was 52.4 ± 18.6 years with a mean LOS of 23.9 ± 19.9 days, BIa of 9.4 ± 6.1, and BId of 12.3 ± 5.7. The overall effectiveness and efficiency were 2.9 ± 3.4 and 0.16 ± 0.30 scores/day, respectively; stroke rehabilitation provided the most effective and efficient BI improvement compared with rehabilitation for other diseases. Most patients (54.5%) received intensive functional rehabilitation, which was the most effective and efficient program (4.4 ± 3.6 and 0.23 ± 0.32 scores/day, respectively); the efficiency of the intensive program was not different among various diseases (P = 0.726). Conclusion Stroke rehabilitation had the highest efficiency compared with rehabilitation for other neurological diseases. The most efficient type of admission was intensive rehabilitation, regardless of the disease being treated.
Rural Putsch: Power, Class, Social Relations and Change in the English Rural Village
Authors: Hillyard Sam 
Published: February 2016

The paper uses ethnography to discuss a political putsch – a move from Old Guard to newcomer dominance – in an English rural village. Applying the conceptual ideas of Goffman on symbols of class status and Thrift (2012) on space and an expressive infrastructure, it responds to Shucksmith's (2012) call for research into the micro workings and consequences of class power in rural contexts. The analysis stresses the relevance of ‘sticky’ space (the residue of past social relations shaping the present, the dwindling amenities and a contemporary absence of pavements) and a contemporary blurring of rural and the urban identities (Norfolk/ London). Moreover, both Goffman's restrictive devices and class symbols (who garners support and who does not) and the temporal dimension of an expressive infrastructure (informing individual dispositions and orientations – class affect) now construct rural spaces. The paper therefore retains a flavour of sociology's obstinate interest in geographic milieu, but the stage is now one of a global countryside both influencing and influenced by local politics and elites. A global recession and the rural penalty, whereby rural residents’ experience is more acute, has meant that not all spaces or agents are equal and some are therefore better placed to adapt, accommodate or resist change ( Shucksmith 2012 ). In a climate of various rural crises (fracking in the ‘desolate’ North of England and the contentious culling of badgers), this paper uses ethnography to study the operation of rural micro-politics and by doing so highlight the value of an ethnographic approach for sociology for understanding the local in the global.
Mobile Cloud Computing: Offloading Mobile Processing to the Cloud
Authors: Ahuja Sanjay P. , Zambrano Jesus 
Published: February 2016

<p class="zhengwen">The current proliferation of mobile systems, such as smart phones and tablets, has let to their adoption as the primary computing platforms for many users. This trend suggests that designers will continue to aim towards the convergence of functionality on a single mobile device (such as phone + mp3 player + camera + Web browser + GPS + mobile apps + sensors). However, this conjunction penalizes the mobile system both with respect to computational resources such as processor speed, memory consumption, disk capacity, and in weight, size, ergonomics and the component most important to users, battery life. Therefore, energy consumption and response time are major concerns when executing complex algorithms on mobile devices because they require significant resources to solve intricate problems.</p><p>Offloading mobile processing is an excellent solution to augment mobile capabilities by migrating computation to powerful infrastructures. Current cloud computing environments for performing complex and data intensive computation remotely are likely to be an excellent solution for offloading computation and data processing from mobile devices restricted by reduced resources. This research uses cloud computing as processing platform for intensive-computation workloads while measuring energy consumption and response times on a Samsung Galaxy S5 Android mobile phone running Android 4.1OS.</p>
Los Mensajes Híbridos en el marketing postmoderno: una propuesta de taxonomía
Authors: Aguilera Moyano Joaquín de , Baños González Miguel , Ramírez Perdiguero Francisco Javier 
Published: February 2016

Podemos entender un “mensaje híbrido” como todo intento pagado de influenciar a las audiencias para un objetivo comercial, utilizando comunicaciones que proyectan un carácter no-comercial (Balasubramanian, 1994). Durante las dos décadas transcurridas, los mensajes híbridos han crecido en importancia y presencia. Algunos de estos mensajes, como el patrocinio o el emplazamiento de producto, han sido ampliamente estudiados, no así formas más novedosas como el branded content, el content marketing o el branded entertainment. No existe consenso entre los diferentes autores sobre el alcance, naturaleza, definición y clasificación de estas nuevas formas de comunicación. En este trabajo se ha realizado una exhaustiva revisión de las publicaciones aparecidas en los últimos años, lo que ha permitido clarificar los tres conceptos aludidos, así como realizar una propuesta de clasificación de los mensajes híbridos, en la que el principal factor de diferenciación es la intencionalidad en la creación del contenido.
El programa pictórico del Palau Palmerola en Barcelona. Interpretación de escenas mediante el archivo patrimonial familiar
Authors: Vallugera Fuster Anna 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: The first Marquis of Palmerola, Francesc Xavier Despujol, remodelled his family residence in 1784, which included a large hall decorated with a pictorial program painted by Pere Pau Montaña. These historical paintings depicted episodes of war and peace, related to the family history of the owners, in order to show the importance and roots of their lineage, highlighting their illustrious role in their country’s history and commerce. This constitutes an outright justification of their power, an ostentatious display of their social status and their loyalty to the crown, following the trend amongst the nobility for building these cases grans during the last third of the eighteenth century in Barcelona, to set themselves apart from the parvenu, mostly the pre-industrial bourgeoisie. In order to interpret and understand Montaña’s pictorial program, I make use of the Despujol family Archive. KEYWORDS: Despujol, Cases grans, Pere Pau Montaña, Iconographical Programs, Baroque, Barcelona. RESUMEN: El primer marqués de Palmerola, Francesc Xavier Despujol, mandó reformar su vivienda familiar en 1784, que incluía un gran salón decorado con un programa pictórico de Pere Pau Montaña. Éste representaba escenas históricas con episodios de guerra y paz, relacionados con la historia de la familia propietaria, como muestra de la importancia y orígenes de su linaje, señalando su papel destacado en la historia y el comercio del país. Se trata de una rotunda justificación de su poder, una ostentosa demostración de su estatus social y su fidelidad a la corona, respondiendo al fervor contructivo de cases grans del último tercio del siglo XVIII barcelonés, desmarcándose de los parvenus, mayormente burguesía pre-industrial. Para interpretar el programa de Montaña, recurriremos al archivo patrimonial de la familia Despujol. PALABRAS CLAVES: Despujol, Cases grans, Pere Pau Montaña, programa iconográfico, Barroco, Barcelona.