bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield‐aware sizing of pipeline ADC using a multiple‐objective evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Mirzaie Nahid , Shamsi Hossein , Byun Gyung‐Su 
Published: November 2016

SummaryIn this paper, an efficient and highly accurate algorithm for yield‐aware design of pipeline analog to digital converters (ADCs) based on a four‐step approach is presented. First, a general netlist is generated for the data converter building blocks. Then, using an evolutionary method, its best performance sizing is estimated. Finally, the yield gets enhanced to reach a desired value. With the same accuracy, the presented algorithm can achieve yield optimization by approximately five times less computational cost compared with a state‐of‐the‐art MC‐based method. The framework is applied to demonstrate a reliable converter with optimum performance, power consumption, speed and area overhead during a single running process. A prototype 10‐bit resolution, 10‐MS/s pipeline analog to digital converter has been simulated in a 0.18‐µm 1.8‐V CMOS process. Presented results, applying the proposed method, show important advantages in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minor amputation does not negatively affect health‐related quality of life as compared with conservative treatment in patients with a diabetic foot ulcer: An observational study
Authors: Pickwell K. , Siersma V. , Kars M. , Apelqvist J. , Bakker K. , Edmonds M. , Holstein P. , Jirkovská A. , Jude E.B. , Mauricio D. , Piaggesi A. , Reike H. , Spraul M. , Uccioli L. , Urbancic V. , van Acker K. , van Baal J. , Schaper N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundHealth‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is poor in patients with persistent diabetic foot ulcers and poor HRQoL predicts worse outcomes in these patients. Amputation is often considered a treatment failure, which is why conservative treatment is generally preferred over amputation. However, it is unclear whether minor amputation negatively affects HRQoL compared with conservative treatment in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.MethodsIn the cohort of the multicenter, prospective, observational Eurodiale study, we determined difference in change of HRQoL measured by EQ‐5D between patients with a diabetic foot ulcers that healed after conservative treatment (n = 676) and after minor amputation (n = 145). Propensity score was used to adjust for known confounders, attempting to overcome lack of randomization.ResultsBaseline HRQoL was not significantly different between patients treated conservatively and undergoing minor amputation. In addition, there was no difference in the change of HRQoL between these groups. In patients who healed 6 to 12 months after the first visit, HRQoL on the anxiety/depression subscale even appeared to improve more in those who underwent minor amputation.ConclusionsMinor amputation was not associated with a negative impact on HRQoL in patients with a diabetic foot ulcers. It may therefore not be considered treatment failure in terms of HRQoL but rather a viable treatment option. A randomized controlled trial is warranted to further examine the influence of minor amputations on health‐related quality of life.
Effects of different doses of 2,3‐dimercaptosuccinic acid‐modified Fe2O3nanoparticles on intercalated discs in engineered cardiac tissues
Authors: Mou Yongchao , Lv Shuanghong , Xiong Fei , Han Yao , Zhao Yuwei , Li Junjie , Gu Ning , Zhou Jin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlthough iron oxide nanoparticles (IRONs) were applied in clinical magnetic resonance imagingin vivoand magnetic tissue engineeringin vitrowidely, the underlying effects of IRONs on the development of cardiomyocytes especially the intercellular junctions, intercalated discs (IDs), remain an unknown issue. Given the critical role of three‐dimensional (3D) engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs) in evaluation of nanoparticles toxicology, it remained necessary to understand the effects of IRONs on IDs assembly of cardiomyocytes in 3D environment. In this study, we first reconstituted collagen/Matrigel based ECTsin vitroand prepared IRONs with 2,3‐dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA‐IRONs). We found that the internalization of DMSA‐IRONs by cardiac cells in dose‐dependent manner was not associated with the cell distribution in 3D environment by determination of Prussian blue staining and transmission electronic microscopy. Significantly, through determination of western blotting and immunofluorescence of connexin 43, N‐cadherin, desmoplakin, and plakoglobin, DMSA‐IRONs enhanced the assembly of gap junctions, decreased mechanical junctions (adherens junctions and desmosomes) of cardiac cells but not in dose‐dependent manner in ECTs at seventh day. In addition, DMSA‐IRONs increased the vesicles secretion of cardiac cells in ECTs apparently compared to control groups. Overall, we conclude that the internalization of DMSA‐IRONs by cardiac cells in dose‐dependent manner enhanced the assembly of electrochemical junctions and decreased the mechanical related microstructures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 121–130, 2018.
Effects of intratracheal exposure of 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) on the activation of CCAAT‐enhancer‐binding protein (C/EBP) and its protection by antioxidant liposome
Authors: Roy Somdutta Sinha , Mukherjee Shyamali , Das Salil K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractExposure of 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) to guinea pigs causes lung injury by infiltration of neutrophils in interstitial lung spaces. A unique MAPK‐regulated transcription factor, C/EBP (CCAAT‐enhancer‐binding protein), regulates the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), involved in recruiting neutrophils in lung. The present study was to determine if CEES exposure causes activation of C/EBP, in particular the predominant β‐isoform and if so whether it can be prevented by intratracheal delivery of an antioxidant liposome containing N‐acetyl cysteine and tocopherols. Lung injury was developed in guinea pigs by intratracheal exposure of CEES (0.5 mg/kg). The antioxidant liposome was given intratracheally 5 min after CEES exposure, and the animals were sacrificed after 30 days. CEES exposure caused a 2.3‐fold increase in the activation of C/EBP accompanied with a 45% and 121% increase in the protein level of C/EBP β and ICAM‐1, respectively, and this effect was counteracted by the antioxidant liposome.
Nonparametric de‐noising filter optimization using structure‐based microscopic image classification
Authors: Beagum Samsad , Dey Nilanjan , Ashour Amira S. , Sifaki‐Pistolla Dimitra , Balas Valentina E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Local Polynomial Approximation (LPA) is a nonparametric filter that performs pixel‐wise polynomial fit on a certain neighborhood. This filter can be supported by the Intersection of Confidence Interval rule (ICI) as an adaptation algorithm to identify the most suited neighborhood at which the polynomial assumptions provide superior fit for the observations. However, the LPA‐ICI is considered to be a near‐optimal de‐noising filter. Moreover, the ICI rule has several parameters that affect its performance. The current study applied an optimization algorithm, namely the Particle swarm optimization (PSO) to determine the optimal ICI parameter values for microscopic images de‐noising. As the ICI parameters are image's structure based, bag‐of‐features classifier is used to classify the images based on their structure into different classes. Afterward, a generated optimal ICI parameters' table was created using the LPA‐ICI‐PSO for further direct use without optimization. This table included the optimal ICI parameters based on the image structure. Based on the image category, the generated table can be used to attain the suitable ICI optimal parameters without using PSO. This guarantees less computational time along with the optimal de‐noising compared to the LPA‐ICI as established by the performance metrics. The experimental results established the superiority of the proposed LPA‐ICI‐PSO over the classical LPA‐ICI filter.
Quantitative assessment of hyperacute cerebral infarction with intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging: Initial experience in a canine stroke model
Authors: Gao Qian‐Qian , Lu Shan‐Shan , Xu Xiao‐Quan , Wu Cheng‐Jiang , Liu Xing‐Long , Liu Sheng , Shi Hai‐Bin 
Published: November 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) for the measurement of diffusion and perfusion parameters in hyperacute strokes.Materials and MethodsAn embolic ischemic model was established with an autologous thrombus in 20 beagles. IVIM imaging was performed on a 3.0 Tesla platform at 4.5 h and 6 h after embolization. Ten b values from 0 to 900 s/mm2 were fitted with a bi‐exponential model to extract perfusion fraction f, diffusion coefficient D, and pseudo‐diffusion coefficient D*. Additionally, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was calculated using the mono‐exponential model with all the b values. Statistical analysis was performed using the pairwise Student's t test and Pearson's correlation test.ResultsA significant decrease in f and D was observed in the ischemic area when compared with those in the contralateral side at 4.5 h and 6 h after embolization (P < 0.01 for all). No significant difference was observed in D* between the two sides at either time point (P = 0.086 and 0.336, respectively). In the stroke area, f at 6 h was significantly lower than that at 4.5 h (P = 0.016). A significantly positive correlation was detected between ADC and D in both stroke and contralateral sides at 4.5 h and 6 h (P < 0.001 for both). Significant correlation between ADC and f was only observed in the contralateral side at 4.5 h and 6 h (P = 0.019 and 0.021, respectively).ConclusionIVIM imaging could simultaneously evaluate the diffusion and microvascular perfusion characteristics in hyperacute strokes.Level of Evidence:2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:550–556
A novel thyroid cancer nodal map classification system to facilitate nodal localization and surgical management: The A to D map
Authors: Cunnane Marybeth , Kyriazidis Natalia , Kamani Dipti , Juliano Amy F. , Kelly Hillary R. , Curtin Hugh D. , Barber Samuel R. , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: November 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the effectiveness, reproducibility, and usability of our proposed nodal nomenclature and classification system employed for several years in our high‐volume thyroid cancer unit, for the adequate localization and mapping of lymph nodes in thyroid cancer patients with extensive nodal disease.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsThirty‐three thyroid cancer patients with extensive nodal disease treated from January 2004 to May 2013 were included in our study. Preoperative ultrasound and computed tomography scans of these patients were reanalyzed by blinded radiologists to investigate the feasibility for the assignment of abnormal lymph nodes to compartments defined in our proposed nodal classification system and to identify areas of difficulty in the assignment.ResultsAnalysis of nodal localization revealed a discrepancy in compartment agreement between the two radiologists in the assignment of abnormal nodes in nine patients (9/33, 27%). In six patients (6/33, 18%), discrepancy existed in labeling paratracheal and pretracheal nodes. In three patients (3/33, 9%), disagreement arose in the classification of retrocarotid nodes into lateral versus central compartment. A further refinement of the definition of key borderline regions of the pretracheal versus paratracheal and retrocarotid regions of our classification improved the agreement and demonstrated a complete concordance (100%) amongst the reviewing radiologists.ConclusionsThe proposed nodal classification system, derived specifically for differentiated thyroid carcinoma, with readily identifiable anatomic boundaries on imaging and at surgery, facilitates communication among multidisciplinary physicians and aids in creating a uniform and reproducible radiographic nodal map to guide surgical therapy.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 127:2429–2436, 2017
Flame retardancy synergism in polymers through different inert fillers' geometry
Authors: Schartel Bernhard , Schmaucks Gerd 
Published: November 2016

Low amounts (<7.5 wt%) of organically modified layered silicate (LS) as well as large amounts (>10 wt%) of spherical amorphous SiO2 (sSiO2) has been used successfully as adjuvants in commercial polymeric materials flame retarded with metal hydroxide. The combination of LS and SiO2 is investigated in different thermoplastics with respect to their fire behavior, particular to overcome the restrictions in maximum and minimum filler contents know for the single additives. The aim was to check the potential of combinations of the inert fillers in absence of a real fire retardant. The combination of LS and sSiO2 harbors the potential for flame retardancy effects close to superposition or even synergy, due to an improved structure of the fire residue. LS‐sSiO2 combinations are proposed to work as adjuvants superior to LS and sSiO2 in flame retarded polymeric materials. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:1099–1109, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Structures, stabilities, and electronic properties of fullerene C36 with endohedral atomic Sc, Y, and La: A dispersion‐corrected DFT study
Authors: Miralrio Alan , Enrique Sansores Luis 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe M@C36 compounds form a family of small endohedral metallofullerenes. Recently, these have been detected as the smallest endohedral compounds formed with Sc, Y, and La. For the first time, these compounds are studied theoretically. Calculations obtained at the dispersion‐corrected DFT level PBE‐D3(BJ)/def2‐TZVP agree admirably with experimental results. The zero‐point energy corrected binding energies can explain the lower abundance of La@C36 in comparison with Sc@C36 and Y@C36. Their small HOMO‐LUMO gaps denote high reactivity. The bond between Y and Sc with the cage is mostly covalent. In contrast, La is located at the fullerene's center with an ionic interaction; all metals transferred charge to the cage. Furthermore, La@C36 was found in doublet state and the others preferred the quartet state. To conclude, according to the analysis of aromaticity performed by the NICS(0)iso index, the insertion of none of these metals increase the aromaticity.
An Evaluation of Preparedness, Delivery and Impact of Surgical and Anesthesia Care in Madagascar: A Framework for a National Surgical Plan
Authors: Bruno Emily , White Michelle C. , Baxter Linden S. , Ravelojaona Vaonandianina Agnès , Rakotoarison Hasiniaina Narindria , Andriamanjato Hery Harimanitra , Close Kristin L. , Herbert Alison , Raykar Nakul , Saluja Saurabh , Shrime Mark G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) described the lack of access to safe, affordable, timely surgical, and anesthesia care. It proposed a series of 6 indicators to measure surgery, accompanied by time‐bound targets and a template for national surgical planning. To date, no sub‐Saharan African country has completed and published a nationwide evaluation of its surgical system within this framework.MethodMercy Ships, in partnership with Harvard Medical School and the Madagascar Ministry of Health, collected data on the 6 indicators from 22 referral hospitals in 16 out of 22 regions of Madagascar. Data collection was by semi‐structured interviews with ministerial, medical, laboratory, pharmacy, and administrative representatives in each region. Microsimulation modeling was used to calculate values for financial indicators.ResultsIn Madagascar, 29% of the population can access a surgical facility within 2 h. Surgical workforce density is 0.78 providers per 100,000 and annual surgical volume is 135–191 procedures per 100,000 with a perioperative mortality rate of 2.5–3.3%. Patients requiring surgery have a 77.4–86.3 and 78.8–95.1% risk of incurring impoverishing and catastrophic expenditure, respectively. Of the six LCoGS indicator targets, Madagascar meets one, the reporting of perioperative mortality rate.ConclusionCompared to the LCoGS targets, Madagascar has deficits in surgical access, workforce, volume, and the ability to offer financial risk protection to surgical patients. Its perioperative mortality rate, however, appears better than in comparable countries. The government is committed to improvement, and key stakeholder meetings to create a national surgical plan have begun.
Tendon transfer to unossified bone in a porcine model: Potential implications for early tibialis anterior tendon transfers in children with clubfeet
Authors: Halanski Matthew A. , Abrams Sam , Lenhart Rachel , Leiferman Ellen , Kaiser Teresa , Pierce Emily , Franklin Rachel Rebekah , Opel Dayton , Noonan Kenneth J. , Crenshaw Thomas D. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose Tibialis anterior tendon transfers (TATT) are commonly performed in young children following Ponseti casting for clubfeet. The classic TATT involves advancing the tendon through a hole drilled in the ossified cuneiform. The aim of this study was to determine if tendons transferred through unossified bones have untoward effects on subsequent bone development. Method Twenty-five piglets underwent one of five surgical procedures. An 18-gauge needle was then used to place a tunnel through the bony or cartilaginous portion of the calcaneus (through direct visualization) and isolated slips of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) were placed through the tunnels, as determined by surgical procedure. Radiographic and/or histologic evaluations of the calcaneal apophyses were then performed. A discrete (1–4) and dichotomous “Normal” or “Abnormal” scoring system was developed and its reliability assessed to grade the appearance of the calcanei. Calcaneal appearances following the surgical procedures were then compared with controls. The average load to failure of a subset of transferred tendons was then compared using an MTS machine. Results The proposed apophyseal grading system (1–4) demonstrated an intraclass correlational coefficient (ICC) for consistency of 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88 < ICC < 0.95] and ICC for agreement of 0.91 (95% CI 0.86 < ICC < 0.95), indicating strong agreement and consistency. Similarly, Fleiss’ kappa for the 1–4 scoring system was found to be 0.67, indicating substantial agreement between reviewers. When the 1–4 system was translated into the dichotomous scheme “Normal” and “Abnormal”, the kappa value increased to 0.94, indicating strong agreement. Forty-six apophyses (13 control and 33 operative) were assessed using this scoring scheme. Apophyseal transfers were significantly more abnormal than controls ( p < 0.0001), while no difference in abnormalities was found following tunnel placement alone ( p = 1). Mechanical testing of the tendons transferred to bone or through the cartilaginous apophysis demonstrated no significant differences ( p = 0.2). Conclusion Tendon transfers through unossified bones altered subsequent bone development. Significance While the long-term consequence of these structural changes is unknown, these findings suggest that tendon transfers through unossified bones should be avoided and alternative methods of tendon fixation explored.
Successful Implementation of Electrocardiogram-Placed Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters at a Major Academic Medical Teaching Organization
Authors: Wuerz Lorelle , Cooke Joseph , Hentel Keith , Ince-Barnes Joan , Dawson Robert 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Health care is becoming increasingly complex. Introduction of new technologies can be overwhelming and complex. The following article outlines the use of a change process theoretical framework to plan, implement, and sustain successful outcomes with integration of electrocardiogram-placed peripherally inserted central catheters at a major metropolitan medical teaching facility.
DNA barcoding analysis of more than 9 000 yeast isolates contributes to quantitative thresholds for yeast species and genera delimitation
Authors: Vu D. , Groenewald M. , Szöke S. , Cardinali G. , Eberhardt U. , Stielow B. , de Vries M. , Verkleij G.J.M. , Crous P.W. , Boekhout T. , Robert V. 
Published: November 2016

DNA barcoding is a global initiative for species identification through sequencing of short DNA sequence markers. Sequences of two loci, ITS and LSU, were generated as barcode data for all (ca. 9k) yeast strains included in the CBS collection, originally assigned to ca. 2 000
species. Taxonomic sequence validation turned out to be the most severe bottleneck due to the large volume of generated trace files and lack of reference sequences. We have analysed and validated CBS strains and barcode sequences automatically. Our analysis shows that there were 6 and 9.5 %
of CBS yeast species that could not be distinguished by ITS and LSU, respectively. Among them, ∼3 % were indistinguishable by both loci. Except for those species, both loci were successfully resolving yeast species as the grouping of yeast DNA barcodes with the predicted taxonomic
thresholds was more than 90 % similar to the grouping with respect to the expected taxon names. The taxonomic thresholds predicted to discriminate yeast species were 98.41 % for ITS and 99.51 % for LSU. To discriminate current yeast genera, thresholds were 96.31 % for ITS
and 97.11 % for LSU. Using ITS and LSU barcodes, we were also able to show that the recent reclassifications of basidiomycetous yeasts in 2015 have made a significant improvement for the generic taxonomy of those organisms. The barcodes of 4 730 (51 %) CBS yeast strains of
1 351 (80 %) accepted yeast species that were manually validated have been released to GenBank and the CBS-KNAW website as reference sequences for yeast identification.
Conservation of threatened plant species in botanic garden reserves in Brazil
Authors: Costa Maria Lúcia M. N. da , Wyse Jackson Peter , Fernandes Ricardo Avancini , Peixoto Ariane Luna 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOver the last few decades botanic gardens worldwide have been encouraged to adopt complementary measures for the conservation of plant species from their own regions, combining in situ conservation efforts with ex situ methods, both in cultivation and in storage. This integrated approach is particularly important for botanic gardens in the tropics, which face the challenge of conserving a highly diverse and often threatened flora. We gathered information on the occurrence of threatened species in the natural vegetation reserves of 21 Brazilian botanic gardens. The data were collected from herbarium records in the database of the National Centre for Flora Conservation, and from the available plant inventories of these reserves. The results indicate that 148 species from the List of Threatened Species of Brazilian Flora are recorded as having been collected in the reserves. Of these, 51 species were maintained in the living collections of 18 botanic gardens and 83 species were recorded in federally protected areas. The occurrence of threatened species in the reserves of botanic gardens highlights the scientific value of these areas, as well as their biological, social and cultural importance for conservation. The results may be used to inform the planning of integrated conservation strategies for threatened species.