bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of nitrogen fertilization and micro-sprinkler irrigation on soil water and nitrogen contents, their productivities, bulb yield and economics of winter onion production
Authors: Banik Madhurima , Patra Sanmay Kumar , Datta Ashim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Onion is sensitive to soil water stress and nitrogen limitations, causing a marked reduction in yield and bulb quality. A field trial was set in the winter seasons of 2016–17 and 2017–18 to evaluate the effects of three micro-sprinkler irrigation levels at 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 ratios of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and four nitrogen levels at 0, 75, 100 and 120% of the recommended nitrogen dose (RDN), including surface irrigation at 40 mm cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) with 100% RDN (SN) using an augmented strip plot design on water and N distribution in soil, their productivities, onion yield and economics. Results indicated that the root zone water content increased by 5.2% for 1.2 ETc, and 1.4% for 0.9 ETc over the cropping period, but declined by 1.5% for 0.6 ETc with micro-sprinkler irrigation compared to surface irrigation with nitrogen fertilization (SN). The largest total root zone water depletion was in 1.2 ETc (16.7%), followed by SN (15.3%) and 0.9 ETc (15.0%). The high irrigation regime produced the maximum yield and nitrogen productivity, whereas deficit irrigation displayed the greatest water productivity. However, the coupling of micro-sprinkler irrigation at 1.2 ETc and 120% RDN led to an increase of onion bulb yield (22.6%), water productivity (42.7%), plant N uptake (29.0%) and net income (30.6%) with maximum benefit-cost ratio (3.19) compared to SN. However, as this study was only based on two seasons, more field trials will be needed to confirm the optimum amount of water and nitrogen for winter onion.
Genetic variation in leaf photosynthesis and associated traits in elite and landrace-derived genotypes in wheat
Authors: Kareem Shadia H. S. , De Silva Jayalath , Weerasinghe Minuka , Hawkesford Malcolm J. , Griffiths Simon , Howell Phil , Foulkes M. John 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere is an increasing emphasis worldwide on breeding wheat cultivars with higher biomass and grain yield, whilst reducing excessive input of N fertilizers. Modern plant breeding has narrowed the genetic base of bread wheat, so exploring new sources of genetic variation for leaf photosynthesis traits and biomass to underpin grain yield improvement has become necessary. Our objectives were to quantify the genetic variability in a range of landrace-derived lines and elite bread wheat genotypes in flag-leaf photosynthesis traits, biomass and N-use efficiency for potential application in pre-breeding. Sixteen bread wheat genotypes including elite spring wheat cultivar Paragon × landrace crosses were tested in two field experiments in the UK. Averaging across years, pre-anthesis flag-leaf photosynthesis rate ranged amongst genotypes from 26.0 to 31.5 μmol/m2/s (P < 0.001) and post-anthesis from 14.2 to 18.6 μmol/m2/s (P < 0.001). Two landrace-derived lines had greater post-anthesis flag-leaf photosynthesis rate (P < 0.001) than their elite parent Paragon. There was a trend for a positive correlation among genotypes between post-anthesis flag-leaf photosynthesis rate and biomass (r = 0.47, P = 0.06). Two landrace derivatives showed higher post-anthesis flag-leaf stomatal conductance than Paragon. Our results indicated that introgression of traits from wider germplasm into elite UK modern wheat germplasm offers scope to raise flag-leaf photosynthetic rate and biomass.
Ecosystem services provided by silvopastoral systems: a review
Authors: de Macêdo Carvalho Chrislanne B. , de Mello Alexandre C. L. , da Cunha Márcio V. , de Oliveira Apolinário Valéria X. , Dubeux Júnior José C. B. , da Silva Valdson J. , Silva Medeiros Aurielle , Izidro José L. P. S. , Bretas Igor L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Silvopastoral systems (SPSs) constitute a modality of agroforestry systems in which trees or shrubs, pastures and animals mutually grow, interacting with the environment, and providing several ecosystem services. This review aims to comprehensively discuss the ecosystem services provided by SPSs in different countries, highlighting the diverse ways these systems can contribute to human well-being and environmental sustainability, also emphasizing the importance of management strategies, the differences among systems and the main shortcomings and challenges to optimizing ecosystem service delivery from SPSs. The review focused on global studies, mainly those published between 2010 and 2024, directly relevant to the topic. We used Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science databases for literature screening. SPSs have demonstrated worldwide potential to enhance human food and forage production, nutrient cycling, soil fertility, biological nitrogen fixation, carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas mitigation, erosion control, microclimate regulation, pollination, control of pests and diseases, biodiversity, residue absorption, water quality, spiritual enrichment, recreation and aesthetic experiences. However, most ecosystem services provided by SPSs depend on climate conditions, soil type, choice of species, system design and management practices to ensure that such benefits are not provided at the cost of other important services. Interaction among components is a major challenge for system management and evaluations. Adopting SPSs has the potential to promote sustainable agriculture. Long-term studies are needed to elucidate the implications of multiple interactions within the system and their impact on ecosystem service delivery. Public policies, including evaluating ecosystem services, should be developed to promote the adoption of SPSs.
Living the first years in a pandemic: children’s linguistic development and related factors in and out of the COVID-19 lockdowns
Authors: Cadime Irene , Santos Ana Lúcia , Ribeiro Iolanda , Viana Fernanda Leopoldina , Martín-Aragoneses María Teresa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis retrospective study provides insights on linguistic development in exceptional circumstances assessing 378 children (between 2;6 and 3;6) who lived their first years during the COVID-19 pandemic and comparing it with normative data collected before this period (CDI-III-PT;Cadime et al., 2021). It investigates the extent to which linguistic development was modulated by a complex set of factors, including sex, maternal education, book reading, language-promoting practices, COVID-19 infection, parental stress and sleeping problems, considering three periods (during lockdowns, out of lockdowns and at present). The results show a substantial negative effect of the pandemic on both lexical and syntactic development. Considering individual variation, structural equation modelling unveiled a complex scenario in which age, sex, book reading, language-promoting practices, sleeping problems and COVID-19 infection showed a direct effect on linguistic development. Maternal education and parental stress had an indirect effect on children’s language, mediated by book reading and sleeping problems, respectively.
Prediction of depressive symptoms in young adults by polygenic score and childhood maltreatment: Results from a population-based birth cohort
Authors: Scardera Sara , Geoffroy Marie-Claude , Langevin Rachel , Perret Lea C. , Collin-Vézina Delphine , Voronin Ivan , Gouin Jean-Philippe , Meng Xiangfei , Boivin Michel , Ouellet-Morin Isabelle 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is linked with later depressive symptoms, but not every maltreated child will experience symptoms later in life. Therefore, we investigate whether genetic predisposition for depression (i.e., polygenic score for depression, PGSDEP) modifies the association between maltreatment and depressive symptoms, while accounting for different types of maltreatment and whether it was evaluated through prospective and retrospective reports. The sample included 541–617 participants from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development with information on maltreatment, including threat, deprivation, assessed prospectively (5 months–17 years) and retrospectively (reported at 23 years), PGSDEP and self-reported depressive symptoms (20–23 years). Using hierarchical linear regressions, we found that retrospective, but not prospective indicators of maltreatment (threat/deprivation/cumulative) were associated with later depressive symptoms, above and beyond the PGSDEP. Our findings also show the presence of gene–environment interactions, whereby the association between maltreatment (retrospective cumulative maltreatment/threat, prospective deprivation) and depression was strengthened among youth with higher PGSDEP scores. Consistent with the Diathesis-Stress hypothesis, our findings suggest that a genetic predisposition for depression may exacerbate the putative impact of maltreatment on later depressive symptoms, especially when maltreatment is retrospective. Understanding the gene–environment interplay emerging in the context of maltreatment has the potential to guide prevention efforts.
SPANNING TREES IN
$\mathbb {Z}$
-COVERS OF A FINITE GRAPH AND MAHLER MEASURES
Authors: PENGO RICCARDO , VALLIÈRES DANIEL 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUsing the special value at
$u=1$
of Artin–Ihara L-functions, we associate to every
$\mathbb {Z}$
-cover of a finite connected graph a polynomial, which we call the Ihara polynomial. We show that the number of spanning trees for the finite intermediate graphs of such a cover can be expressed in terms of the Pierce–Lehmer sequence associated to a factor of the Ihara polynomial. This allows us to express the asymptotic growth of the number of spanning trees in terms of the Mahler measure of this polynomial. Specialising to the situation where the base graph is a bouquet or the dumbbell graph gives us back previous results in the literature for circulant and I-graphs (including the generalised Petersen graphs). We also express the p-adic valuation of the number of spanning trees of the finite intermediate graphs in terms of the p-adic Mahler measure of the Ihara polynomial. When applied to a particular
$\mathbb {Z}$
-cover, our result gives us back Lengyel’s calculation of the p-adic valuations of Fibonacci numbers.
Optimising Dynamic Traffic Distribution for Urban Networks with Answer Set Programming
Authors: CARDELLINI MATTEO , DODARO CARMINE , MARATEA MARCO , VALLATI MAURO 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnswer set programming (ASP) has demonstrated its potential as an effective tool for concisely representing and reasoning about real-world problems. In this paper, we present an application in which ASP has been successfully used in the context of dynamic traffic distribution for urban networks, within a more general framework devised for solving such a real-world problem. In particular, ASP has been employed for the computation of the “optimal” routes for all the vehicles in the network. We also provide an empirical analysis of the performance of the whole framework, and of its part in which ASP is employed, on two European urban areas, which shows the viability of the framework and the contribution ASP can give.
Atomic and Molecular Gas Outflows in FIR Bright QSOs at High-z
Authors: Butler Kirsty M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFeedback and outflows associated with a quasar phase are expected to be critical in quenching the most massive galaxies at high-z. Observations targeting the cool molecular and atomic phases, which dominate the mass and momentum budget of massive galaxy outflows and remove the direct fuel for star formation are, however, severely limited in high-z QSO hosts. We discuss two recent ALMA programs: one targeting molecular outflows in 3 z ∼ 6 QSO hosts using the OH 119 μm absorption line and another targeting the diffuse, predominantly atomic gas in the halos surrounding 5 QSO host between z ∼ 2 – 4 using the OH+(11 – 10) absorption line. Outflows are successfully detected in both samples and compared with outflows driven by high-z star-forming galaxies observed in the same lines. Both studies indicate that observing QSOs during the blow-out phase is crucial for studying the impact of the active nucleus on the ejection of gas from the host galaxy.
Radio WISSH: tuning on the most luminous quasars in the Universe
Authors: Bruni Gabriele , Moldón Javier , Piconcelli Enrico , Panessa Francesca , Pérez-Torres Miguel , Bischetti Manuela , Feruglio Chiara , Vietri Giustina , Vignali Cristian , Zappacosta Luca , Saccheo Ivano 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the past years, the results obtained by the WISSH quasar project provided a novel general picture on the distinctive multi-band properties of hyper-luminous (Lbol > 1047 erg/s) quasars at high redshift (z ∼ 2-4), unveiling interesting relations among active galactic nuclei, winds and interstellar medium, in these powerful sources at cosmic noon. Since 2022, we are performing a systematic and statistically-significant VLA study of the radio properties of WISSH. We carried out high-resolution VLA observations aiming at: 1) identifying young radio source from the broad-band spectral shape of these objects; 2) sample an unexplored high redshift/high luminosity regime, tracking possible evolutionary effects on the radio-loud/radio-quiet dichotomy; 3) quantifying orientation effects on the observed winds/outflows properties.
Challenges in using data on fathers/partners to study prenatal exposures and offspring health
Authors: Easey Kayleigh E. , Gkatzionis Apostolos , Millard Louise A.C. , Tilling Kate , Lawlor Deborah A. , Sharp Gemma C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Paternal exposures (and other non-maternal factors) around pregnancy could have important effects on offspring health. One challenge is that data on partners are usually from a subgroup of mothers with data, potentially introducing selection bias, limiting generalisability of findings. We aimed to investigate the potential for selection bias in studies using partner data.
We characterise availability of data on father/partner and mother health behaviours (smoking, alcohol, caffeine and physical activity) around pregnancy from three UK cohort studies: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), Born in Bradford and the Millennium Cohort Study. We assess the extent of sample selection by comparing characteristics of families where fathers/partners do and do not participate. Using the association of parental smoking during pregnancy and child birthweight as an example, we perform simulations to investigate the extent to which missing father/partner data may induce bias in analyses conducted only in families with participating fathers/partners.
In all cohorts, father/partner data were less detailed and collected at fewer timepoints than mothers. Partners with a lower socio-economic position were less likely to participate. In simulations based on ALSPAC data, there was little evidence of selection bias in associations of maternal smoking with birthweight, and bias for father/partner smoking was relatively small. Missing partner data can induce selection bias. In our example analyses of the effect of parental smoking on offspring birthweight, the bias had a relatively small impact. In practice, the impact of selection bias will depend on both the analysis model and the selection mechanism.
How R4D projects interact with the SDGs: an analysis of the links between sustainable land use projects across the Global South and the SDG targets
Authors: Ehrensperger Albrecht , Adoyo Beatrice , Bekele Ketema , Dray Anne , Feurer Mélanie , Ingalls Micah , Kiteme Boniface , Lavrenciuc Svitlana , Mboringong Fideline , Mbwambo John Richard , Fakhrizal Nashr , Ngo Dung Tri , Pham-Truffert Myriam , Tchindjang Mesmin , Rakoto Rasimbola Harifidy , Ramamonjisoa Bruno , Roldan Ortiz Ana Maria , Tun Nwenwe , Vongvisouk Thoumthone , Zaehringer Julie G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Non-technical summary
Research for development (R4D) projects are designed to enhance the research community's contribution to implementation of the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations. We studied seven R4D projects that specifically addressed Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15 (life on land) in 14 contexts across Asia, Africa, and South America. We then analyzed how these projects interacted with other SDGs. Our findings reveal that the positive and negative interactions between project objectives and SDG targets vary significantly across contexts, highlighting the importance of considering local conditions when designing and implementing R4D initiatives.

Technical summary
We analyze how the objectives of research for development (R4D) projects that focus on a particular Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) – SDG 15 (life on land) – interact with the targets of other SDGs. We studied seven R4D projects in 14 contexts across Asia, Africa, and Latin America, comparing expert judgement of interactions between project objectives and SDG targets. Our findings indicate that the success of these projects depends largely on whether they are also working toward SDG targets other than those contained in SDG 15. In particular, working toward targets contained within SDGs on poverty, hunger, water, energy, production and consumption, and global partnerships – was often considered indivisible from the project objectives. Further, while all of the projects focused on SDG 15, our findings suggest that addressing only this goal is not sufficient. A range of other targets that were a priori not the immediate focus of the projects were revealed as ‘crucial’ to the project objectives across contexts. Finally, we list several implications, such as the need for policies to integrate local realities and the need for environmental R4D projects to adopt a holistic scope, particularly in terms of (a) securing social foundations, (b) building enabling institutions, and (c) negotiating competing claims on land.

Social media summary
What can we learn from land-related research for development projects and their links to the SDGs in concrete contexts?
Effect of postharvest sugarcane straw amount and herbicides on Digitaria spp. control and green cane yield
Authors: de Castro Rosilaine Araldi , de Castro Sérgio Gustavo Quassi , Santos Menandro Lauren Maine , Kuva Marcos Antônio , Nunes Carvalho João Luis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNew agronomic practices are emerging in the green cane system to utilize sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) straw for energy cogeneration, which necessitates its removal from the soil surface. This study has three main objectives: (1) evaluate the population dynamics and composition of Jamaican crabgrass (Digitaria horizontalis Willd.) and large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] under different sugarcane straw amounts, with and without herbicide treatment; (2) assess the development of sugarcane under different straw amounts; and (3) determine the amount of sugarcane straw that should be kept on the soil surface after harvest to ensure that it does not compromise the chemical control for Digitaria spp. in ratoon cane in a green cane system. We conducted this research at two experimental sites, one at the beginning and the other during the middle of the harvest season, over a span of 2 yr. Our primary treatments consisted of different amounts of sugarcane straw after harvest on the soil surface (0, 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha−1), while secondary treatments included the herbicide application (sulfentrazone + tebuthiuron for the beginning of harvest season and isoxaflutole + tebuthiuron for the middle of harvest season). The Digitaria spp. exhibited higher density (four times more) and dry matter (two times more) in scenarios with a lower sugarcane straw amount (5 Mg ha−1) on the soil surface and no herbicide application. However, a higher straw amount (15 Mg ha−1) contributed to reduced Digitaria spp. infestation and to improved sugarcane yield. According to this research, it is essential to maintain at least 10 Mg ha−1 of sugarcane straw on the soil surface and remove only 5 Mg ha−1 for energy cogeneration.
Confirmation of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) populations in New York and responses to alternative chemistries
Authors: Butler-Jones Aleah L. , Maloney Elizabeth C. , McClements Melissa , Kramer William B. , Morran Sarah , Gaines Todd A. , Besançon Thierry E. , Sosnoskie Lynn M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPalmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson, AMAPA) is one of the most troublesome weeds in North America due to its rapid growth rate, substantial seed production, competitiveness and the evolution of herbicide-resistant populations. Though frequently encountered in the South, Midwest, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, A. palmeri was recently identified in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fields in Genesee, Orange, and Steuben counties, NY, where glyphosate was the primary herbicide for in-crop weed control. This research, conducted in 2023, aimed to (1) describe the dose response of three putative resistant NY A. palmeri populations to glyphosate, (2) determine their mechanisms of resistance, and (3) assess their sensitivity to other postemergence herbicides commonly used in NY crop production systems. Based on the effective dose necessary to reduce aboveground biomass by 50% (ED50), the NY populations were 42 to 67 times more resistant to glyphosate compared with a glyphosate-susceptible population. Additionally, the NY populations had elevated EPSPS gene copy numbers ranging from 25 to 135 located within extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA). Label rate applications of Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) Group 2 herbicides killed up to 42% of the NY populations of A. palmeri. Some variability was observed among populations in response to WSSA Group 5 and 27 herbicides. All populations were effectively controlled by labeled rates of herbicides belonging to WSSA Groups 4, 10, 14, and 22. Additional research is warranted to confirm whether NY populations have evolved multiple resistance to herbicides within other WSSA groups and to develop effective A. palmeri management strategies suitable for NY crop production.
Integrating Values to Improve the Relevance of Climate‐Risk Research
Authors: Helgeson Casey , Keller Klaus , Nicholas Robert E. , Srikrishnan Vivek , Cooper Courtney , Smithwick Erica A. H. , Tuana Nancy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractClimate risks are growing. Research is increasingly important to inform the design of risk‐management strategies. Assessing such strategies necessarily brings values into research. But the values assumed within research (often only implicitly) may not align with those of stakeholders and decision makers. These misalignments are often invisible to researchers and can severely limit research relevance or lead to inappropriate policy advice. Aligning strategy assessments with stakeholders' values requires a holistic approach to research design that is oriented around those values from the start. Integrating values into research in this way requires collaboration with stakeholders, integration across disciplines, and attention to all aspects of research design. Here we describe and demonstrate a qualitative conceptual tool called a values‐informed mental model (ViMM) to support such values‐centered research design. ViMMs map stakeholders' values onto a conceptual model of a study system to visualize the intersection of those values with coupled natural‐human system dynamics. Through this mapping, ViMMs integrate inputs from diverse collaborators to support the design of research that assesses risk‐management strategies in light of stakeholders' values. We define a visual language for ViMMs, describe accompanying practices and workflows, and present an illustrative application to the case of flood‐risk management in a small community along the Susquehanna river in the Northeast United States.