bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-morbidities and addictions affecting treatment outcome in new smear positive cases in Amritsar city, Punjab, India
Authors: Nagpal Manisha , Devgun Priyanka , Chawla Naresh 
Published: December 2016

Background: Although the current approach to TB control focuses on case detection and treatment, recent studies suggest that this strategy might not be sufficient to achieve this goal and it may also be necessary to reduce risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of tuberculosis infection and/or disease. Such risk factors may act at one of several steps in the natural history of the disease. The life time risk of breaking down to disease among those infected with TB is 10–15%, which gets increased to 10% per year amongst those co-infected with HIV. Other determinants such as diabetes mellitus, smoking tobacco products, alcohol abuse and malnutrition also increase the risk of progression from infection to TB disease.Methods: The study was conducted on new smear positive patients registered under Directly observed treatment, short course (DOTS) in two Treatment Units (TUs) present in Amritsar city. The patients were enquired about their socio-demographic profile, family history, occupational history and associated co-morbidities and addictions. Data management and analysis was done by using Microsoft excel and SPSS version 17.00. Results: Out of 250 patients, 149 (59.6%) were males and 101(40.4%) were females. Male preponderance, with male to female ratio of 1.5:1 was seen. Out of the total 250 cases, 7.2% of the cases had associated diabetes mellitus, 1.2 % had hypertension and only 1 case was of asthma. While enquiring for addictions, it was observed that 28.8% of the cases were alcoholic, 17.2% were smokers, 8% had the habit of tobacco chewing and 6% were drug abusers. Favourable outcome was significantly higher in non-addicted cases while presence of co-morbidities was found to have no effect on the treatment outcome.Conclusions: In the present study, it was observed that favourable outcome was significantly associated with the absence of addictions. So, it is concluded that prevention of tuberculosis should include effective screening especially among high risk groups in order to ensure early detection and aggressive treatment.
A cross sectional study on association between overweight and obesity in adolescent population
Authors: Gorantla Anand Krishna , Kumar Murari Pradeep 
Published: December 2016

Background: The rate of malnutrition in India remains high, increase in overweight and obesity have been observed in some areas undergoing rapid economic and epidemiologic transition. The aim was conducted to study association between obesity and overweight in adolescent population.Methods: A total of 1258 students (males-644; females-614) with an age group 10-19 years were selected from the higher secondary schools and junior colleges in the urban area of Tirupati.Results: The family history of obesity was reported by 54.7% of adolescents. The prevalence of overweight & obesity among males was found to be slightly higher in male adolescents 14.6% than in female adolescents 13.5%. Prevalence of overweight and obesity combined decreased with increase in the degree of physical activity from 12.7% in mild category to 10.0% in vigorous category and the differences are also found to be statistically significant in the present study.Conclusions: The present study recommended that the health education destined to inculcate healthy life style practices should be provided at an early age group to reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity in adolescent population.
Utilization of antenatal services in urban slums of Jorhat municipality, Assam, India and the socio - demographic factors affecting it
Authors: Rahman Syeda Jesmin , Medhi Anuradha Hazarika 
Published: December 2016

Background: Antenatal service is an important strategy for improvement of maternal and child health, reduction of maternal mortality and neonatal death. But mere presence of this service is not enough. Utilization of the antenatal service is the most important aspect and there are many socio demographic factors that influence the women for its utilization. The objective of the study is to assess the utilization of antenatal services in the urban slums of Jorhat municipality, Assam and the socio - demographic factors affecting it.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was done among women of the slum areas who had at least a child less than one year by using a pre structured and predesigned questionnaire. Results: Adequate utilization of antenatal service was 19% while inadequate utilization was 66%. 74.2% of women had at least one dose of TT and 87.2 % consumed Iron and Folic Acid tablets for four months or more. Women who were high school and above had either adequate (13.2%) or inadequate utilization (81.1%) and only 5.7% of them did not have any antenatal service at all as compared to 37.5% among illiterates. Religion, caste, age of the women, parity did not have much role in its utilization. Among women from the joint families who did not have any antenatal service was only 4.8% as compared to 19.2% of women from nuclear families. Conclusions: Majority of women had inadequate utilization of antenatal service in the slum areas and education played a very important role. Key words: Utilization, antenatal services, slum area.
Utilization pattern of health services for non-communicable diseases in an urban slum: a study of Turbhe stores slum in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Deshmukh Sona , Kalaskar Shrikant K. , Kadam Suhas B. , Mote Balu , Paslawar Srilatha K. , Adhav Ambadas S. , Thakare Bharat S. , Muthuvel Thirumugam 
Published: December 2016

Background: The growing burden of non-communicable diseases among the urban poor in the absence of affordable health care services is a big public health challenge in India. In this context, the present paper explores the utilization pattern of health services to deal with two specific non-communicable diseases (NCD) namely hypertension and diabetes.Methods: The study was conducted in Turbhe Stores in Navi Mumbai, a slum of 5014 households. An initial listing of the households revealed that there was at least one person suffering from either hypertension, diabetes or both in 254 households. By systematic random sampling, 84 respondents suffering from diabetes and/or hypertension from last one year were selected from these 254 households. Data was collected by structured interview schedule.Results: Three fourths of the respondents had utilised health service for their problem. About 95% sought medical care from private providers and almost all sought approached allopathic practitioner. Only half of respondents went for regular monthly follow up and almost 75 percent were found self-medication of old prescriptions for their treatment. Poor follow up and non-regular utilization of health services was mainly influenced by the individual perception of not giving importance of regular treatment and lack of attention due to asymptomatic nature of disease, followed by financial constraints.Conclusions: Self-awareness about the disease and importance of regular treatment & follow up is found lacking in the community. Health care services were regularly utilized for these silent diseases by those who can afford it. Factors like ability to afford costly treatment, high satisfaction level from the treatment sought and proximity of health care provider were found strongly associated with higher utilization.
Default rate and its awareness in management of tuberculosis in Chittoor district population, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Bineni Chandrasekahr , Gorantla Anand Krishna , Reddy K. Ashok Kumar 
Published: December 2016

Background: Default rate is the most essential feature of the DOTS strategy itself and also especially relevant in view of increased prevalence of drug resistance tuberculosis. The aim of the present study was conducted to give awareness on default rate in management of tuberculosis.Methods: A total of 229 patients with smear positive tuberculosis cases of both category-I and category-II from DOTS centre in tuberculosis, S.V.R.R. Government General Hospital, Tirupati, A.P, India were enrolled and registered for the present study. Consent was taken from the patients to give awareness on default rate role in management of Tuberculosis in Chittoor district population.Results: Higher default rate is found among those employed 12.4% compared to those unemployed 4.3% and the difference is also found to be statistically significant. The defaulter rate has been found to be higher in those with 3 + sputum grading 12.4% followed by 1 + grading 7.9%.Conclusions: Default rate in the present study is high which points out that even with DOTS therapy, there can be significant default rate. So it is recommended that DOTS providers are periodically supervised and explained on the need to ensure full compliance and minimize the rate.
A cross-sectional epidemiological study of prevalence of work stress among resident doctors of a metropolitan tertiary care hospital
Authors: Deshpande Swati , Dhoundiyal Anurag , Shrestha Dipika , Davuluri Praveen 
Published: December 2016

Background: To assess the prevalence of work stress , to compare of the prevalance of stress among resident doctors working in clinical and non/para-clinical departments, to determine the factors leading to stress among resident doctors.Methods: after getting approval from Institutional ethics committee all the resident doctors of the hospital were contacted during a period of data collection of one year. Data was collected using standard questionnaire. Detailed descriptive statistical analysis was done. Results: The mean age of the participants in the study was 26.8 years with maximum age being 39 years and minimum being 24 yrs. Among 454 study subjects nearly 34.8% were female and 64.2% were male i.e. 158 & 296 respectively. Among 454 resident doctors 188 from 1st , 139 from 2nd & 127 were from 3rd year of residency with percentage contribution of 41.4, 30.6 & 28.0 respectively, 39.4% of resident doctors are suffering from some degree of stress. While 16.1% suffered from mild degree of stress 7.9% suffered from moderate degree of stress, the percent of resident doctors suffering from severe and extremely severe degree of stress was 15.2 & 0.2 respectively. The prevalence of stress among clinical is much more (29.2%) as compared to non/para-clinical (13.9%), stress was more with increasing duration of working hours.Conclusions: It was found that the prevalence of stress among resident doctors was much more as compared to general population. The prevalence was directly correlated to factors like duration of working hours, gender and department.
Perception of current medical practitioners about undergraduate community medicine training, implications for future undergraduate curriculum: a cross sectional study
Authors: Reddy Murali Mohan , Panakkal Anisha Mohan , S. Loganathan , Venkatappaiah Jagannath 
Published: December 2016

Background: Assessing the perceptions of medical practitioners regarding undergraduate community medicine training, its utility in their practice may provide vital inputs necessary for curriculum reforms. This study has been conducted to address this vital gap in the knowledge.Methods: Cross sectional study for 6 month period conducted among 213 medical practitioners from Chennai, by convenient sampling. Pre tested structured self - administered questionnaire used to collect data using email and manually.Results: Mean age of participants was 37(±12). Seventy (33%) MBBS graduates. Clinical, Pre & Para-clinical and super specialties constituted 72 (33%), 62 (29%) and 10 (5%) of participants respectively. Majority 164 (77%) participants felt disproportionate amount of time is allotted to the subject in under-graduation. To make it more relevant to practice, 150 (70%) suggested that there should be practical application of research methodology, 94 (44%) suggested more field work and 90 (42%) people suggested training in family medicine practice. Regarding application of community medicine principles in practice, 122 (57%) said they routinely assess and address social determinants, 192 (90%) regularly advise patients on preventive aspects, 61 (29%) displayed good knowledge about public health issues.Conclusions: Need to revamp the undergraduate community medicine curriculum to make it more relevant. Practical application of research to be given priority in curriculum as essential foundation for evidence based medical practice. Intense, skill based training in clinic social case management suggested.
Epidemiological study of road traffic accident cases admitted in government tertiary hospital: a study from Punjab, India
Authors: Mahajan Sanjeev , Gupta Arti , Coonar Param Pal Singh 
Published: December 2016

Background: Among all types of injuries road traffic injuries constitute a major public health problem. They lead to not only deaths but many more cases of morbidity and disability. People from all economic groups are affected but poor are affected the worst because they suffer from double brunt of injuries and also the economic loss; sometimes pushing them below the poverty line. The present study was conducted to study the epidemiological variables involved in road traffic accidents.Methods: 500 road traffic accident victims admitted in emergency department of Rajindra Hospital, a tertiary institute; attached to Government Medical College, Patiala (Punjab) were studied from July 2002 to February 2003. In this descriptive study pretested proforma was used to know the various epidemiological factors related to road traffic accident victims. The demographic variables, category of road users, details of injured pedestrians and types of vehicles involved in road traffic accidents were studied.Results: The road traffic accident victims mainly include the young males, especially 21-30 years (31.4%), married (70.6%), and men (86.8%) mainly literate (66.6%), from rural areas of Punjab. Maximum accidents occurred during night time (8pm- 4am) and major involvement was of two wheelers (63.4%). Mainly drivers were affected in the road crashes (46.6%) followed by pedestrians (21.4%).Conclusions: young male drivers are affected the most, mainly involving two wheelers. There should be regular and continuous on-going traffic safety and awareness programs covering all the media especially directed towards education of drivers, pedestrians and young population; mainly focusing on the schools and colleges youth.
A study on health morbidities among under five children in relation to birth weight in urban health centre field practice area at tertiary care centre, Bidar, Karnataka, India
Authors: Havale Naveenkumar G. , Bedre Rahul C. , Kesari Pallavi M. , Swamy Ratikanth 
Published: December 2016

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) i. e. birth weight <2500 grams is a major public health problem in many developing countries. About 30% of babies born in India are LBW. Birth weight of an infant is the single most important determinant of its chance of survival, healthy growth and development. This study is to correlate the health of under five children in relation to birth weight.Methods: Community based cross sectional study carried in urban health centre field practice area of Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences Bidar. 250 under five children were surveyed and findings were recorded. Results: Among the 250 under five children surveyed 68 were LBW children and 182 were normal birth weight children.164 children were having acute respiratory tract infection (ARI), 121 were underweight, 21 were having vitamin A deficiency, 145 were anaemic, 25 were having diarrhoea and 130 were having fever.Conclusions: underweight, Vitamin A deficiency, diarrhoea and fever were significantly associated with LBW babies compared to babies with normal birth weight.
ABC analysis of drugs used in health camps organized in villages of Chintamani taluk, Karnataka, India
Authors: T. Chethana , Rajan Babitha , Selvaraj Archana , S. Pruthvish 
Published: December 2016

Background: Tracking of drug acquisition, storage, distribution, and utilization are to be handled properly with utmost care to eliminate wastage and to ensure scientific continuity of supplies. The present study was done with the objective to conduct the economic analysis of drug expenditure and to identify the categories of items needing stringent management control for health camps. Methods: The study was done among health camps conducted in the 10 villages of Chintamani taluk during December 2015. For Always Better Control (ABC) analysis, the consumption of all the drugs was calculated after multiplying unit cost by total consumption and resulting figures were arranged in descending order of rupee value.Results: The drugs were classified in to A B C groups according to total cost consumed 70%, 20%, and 10% respectively. The total cost incurred for procurement of drugs in these camps was Indian rupees 12872.93. We found that 15.78% of drugs were in category A. If we were to manage drug inventory solely based on ABC analysis, supervision of only 6 drugs would have resulted in control over approximately 70% of the drug budget. Conclusions: Thus ABC inventory management analysis of health camps will promote effective management of drug inventory with minimal monetary resources and will contribute to provision of uncompromised patient care.
Analysing health promoting life styles of medical students in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India by HPLP-II
Authors: Chouhan Sunil 
Published: December 2016

Background: Cost effective and feasible instrument is required to assess the health promoting behaviours of Medical students from the stressful and hectic schedule of their training in the Medical College. Hence with the help the of HPLP-II questionnaire, lifestyles of first year MBBS students were assessed. The primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the health promoting behaviors of 287 medical students in Bhopal using HPLP II questionnaire.Methods: This cross-sectional self-administered health Promotion Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) questionnaire study was undertaken among the MBBS first year students, aged 18-22 year, in the region of Bhopal to find out the health promoting behaviors among them.Results: Out of total 324 medical students from 3 different medical colleges, 248 completed the HPLP-II questionnaire. The mean score of this scale was 2.47(SD=0.34) for male and 2.41(SD=0.27) for female students. The highest mean out of a scale of 4, was 2.96(SD=0.55) & 2.96(SD=0.49) for spiritual growth in male and female students respectively. The lowest mean score for female was 1.96(SD=0.53) in term of Physical activity subscale. Except for Physical activity subscale, there was no major difference between other subscales by gender.Conclusions: By adopting a healthier lifestyle, Health status of an individual can be significantly improved. Since this study shows low health promoting behaviors in medicos, there is need to develop guidelines, interventions and periodic investigation for the students for their good health.
Cardiovascular response to sustained handgrip test in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients
Authors: Sogan Teena , Mathur Keerti , Sankhla Manisha 
Published: December 2016

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease pathogenesis may be associated with disturbances of the autonomic nervous system.Methods: One hundred five participants aged 35-45 years of either sex, which include Gastroesophageal reflux disease patients, thirty five each (who presented typical symptom of Gastroesophageal reflux disease with reflux esophagitis (ERD) and without reflux esophagitis (NERD)) and thirty five age and sex matched control subjects, were enrolled in the study. Autonomic function test was assessed using Sustained Handgrip test.Results: In the present study, no significant difference was observed in age, height, weight, body mass index, resting systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure between the study groups. The mean difference of diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) response to Sustained Handgrip test between ERD and NERD; ERD and Control; NERD and Control was statistically highly significant (p=0.001; p<0.001; p=0.029, respectively), predicting reduced sympathetic activity in gastroesophageal reflux disease, more in patients with reflux esophagitis (ERD).Conclusions: Reduced sympathetic activity can cause impairment of lower esophageal sphincter function, particularly of the neural mechanisms related to control of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. It might increase number and time duration of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations resulting in pathological enhancement of GERD.
Exploring scope for improvement in knowledge attitude and practices about organ, tissue donation and transplantation among postgraduate medical students in Mumbai, India
Authors: Uplap Pallavi Anil , Singh Rashmi 
Published: December 2016

Background: To promote organ, tissue donation as well as transplantation well sensitized health care providers have an important role. In the view of extended period of infancy of the same in India, a study has been conducted to explore knowledge, attitude, and practices among postgraduate medical students in Mumbai.Methods: All were explained nature of the study and informed written consent was obtained from those who are willing to participate. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire from December 2014 to February 2015 and was entered, analysed in Microsoft Excel 2012. Institutional Ethical Committee approval for this study was obtained and confidentiality was maintained in this process.Results: Out of 228 postgraduate students who were given self - administered questionnaire, 163(71.49%) participants returned back the same. There was a fair knowledge about organ and tissues which can be donated as well as transplanted in the participants. However 49.69% of the respondents knew importance of time factor for safe organ preservation and 18.4% doctors could define near relative for organ donation and transplantation. Though 61.41% of the participants could correctly define brain death, only 36.19% could correctly name all members of authorized certifying committee for brain death. Majority of the participants (99.38%) supported the concept of organ donation however only 38.03% have ever counselled patients for organ donation, 11.04% were registered organ donors and 4% carried the same. Conclusions:Postgraduate medical students lacked detailed technical and legal aspects about organ, tissue donation and transplantation which need to be strengthened.