bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating disorders: from bench to bedside and back
Authors: Gaetani Silvana , Romano Adele , Provensi Gustavo , Ricca Valdo , Lutz Thomas , Passani Maria Beatrice 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe central nervous system and viscera constitute a functional ensemble, the gut–brain axis, that allows bidirectional information flow that contributes to the control of feeding behavior based not only on the homeostatic, but also on the hedonic aspects of food intake. The prevalence of eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, binge eating and obesity, poses an enormous clinical burden, and involves an ever‐growing percentage of the population worldwide. Clinical and preclinical research is constantly adding new information to the field and orienting further studies with the aim of providing a foundation for developing more specific and effective treatment approaches to pathological conditions. A recent symposium at the XVI Congress of the Societá Italiana di Neuroscienze (SINS, 2015) ‘Eating disorders: from bench to bedside and back’ brought together basic scientists and clinicians with the objective of presenting novel perspectives in the neurobiology of eating disorders. Clinical studies presented by V. Ricca illustrated some genetic aspects of the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa. Preclinical studies addressed different issues ranging from the description of animal models that mimic human pathologies such as anorexia nervosa, diet‐induced obesity, and binge eating disorders (T. Lutz), to novel interactions between peripheral signals and central circuits that govern food intake, mood and stress (A. Romano and G. Provensi). The gut–brain axis has received increasing attention in the recent years as preclinical studies are demonstrating that the brain and visceral organs such as the liver and guts, but also the microbiota are constantly engaged in processes of reciprocal communication, with unexpected physiological and pathological implications. Eating is controlled by a plethora of factors; genetic predisposition, early life adverse conditions, peripheral gastrointestinal hormones that act directly or indirectly on the central nervous system, all are receiving attention as they presumably contribute to the development of eating disorders.
image
A microdialysis and enzymatic reactor sensing procedure for the simultaneous registration of online glutamate measurements at high temporal resolution during epileptiform activity
Authors: Morales‐Villagrán Alberto , Pardo‐Peña Kenia , Medina‐Ceja Laura , López‐Pérez Silvia 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGlutamate measurement in microdialysis samples has primarily been determined using HPLC methods, and several attempts have been made to establish a relationship between this neurotransmitter and EEG activity during altered brain function, such as epilepsy. However, classic microdialysis methods lack high temporal resolution. In this study, a new alternative is proposed to improve the time resolution and thus obtain a better understanding of the dynamics of Glu and its relationship with epileptiform activity. A new setup was designed to measure Glu online in microdialysates using enzymatic reactors and fluorescence detection. In this study, we performed EEG recordings and Glu measurements simultaneously in the hippocampus to establish their relationship with the epileptiform events that are induced by pentylenetetrazole in intact and epileptic rats. Basal Glu levels in intact and animals with spontaneous seizures were not significantly different. However, a significant increase in Glu levels was detected during the first pentylenetetrazole‐induced seizure in both groups. EEG analysis showed that the amplitude of epileptiform activity was higher in rats with spontaneous seizures and that the frequency of this activity did not change. The results showed that this method can be used to determine Glu changes at high temporal resolution and that these changes can be related to seizure activity. In addition, this method can also be used to measure other neurotransmitters that generate fluorescent derivatives. Moreover, this new technique has the following advantages compared with classical neurochemical methods: easy setup, low training requirements, no need for separation, rapidity, and the experimental data can be obtained and analysis performed in a single session.
image
Formative Experiences and Portfolio Choice: Evidence from the Finnish Great Depression
Authors: KNÜPFER SAMULI , RANTAPUSKA ELIAS , SARVIMÄKI MATTI 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTWe trace the impact of formative experiences on portfolio choice. Plausibly exogenous variation in workers’ exposure to a depression allows us to identify the effects and a new estimation approach makes addressing wealth and income effects possible. We find that adversely affected workers are less likely to invest in risky assets. This result is robust to a number of control variables and it holds for individuals whose income, employment, and wealth were unaffected. The effects travel through social networks: individuals whose neighbors and family members experienced adverse circumstances also avoid risky investments.
Cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndrome in Australian children and adults: Epidemiological, clinical and treatment characteristics
Authors: Mehr Sam , Allen Roger , Boros Christina , Adib Navid , Kakakios Alyson , Turner Paul J , Rogers Maureen , Zurynski Yvonne , Singh‐Grewal Davinder 
Published: September 2016

AimCryopyrin‐associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) encapsulate three auto‐inflammatory conditions, ranging in severity from mild (familial cold auto‐inflammatory syndrome: FCAS), moderate (Muckle‐Wells syndrome: MWS) and severe (neonatal onset multi‐inflammatory disorder: NOMID). We aimed to describe the epidemiology, clinical features and outcomes of Australian children and adults with CAPS.MethodsPatients were identified and clinical data collected through a questionnaire sent during 2012–2013 to clinicians reporting to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit and subscribing to the Australasian Societies for Allergy/Immunology, Rheumatology and Dermatology.ResultsEighteen cases of CAPS were identified (8 NOMID; 8 MWS, 2 FCAS); 12 in children <18 years of age. The estimated population prevalence of CAPS was 1 per million persons. Diagnostic delay was frequent, particularly in those with milder phenotypes (median diagnostic delay in MWS/FCAS 20.6 years compared with NOMID 2.1 years; P = 0.04). Common presenting features included urticaria (100%), periodic fever (78%), arthralgia (72%) and sensorineural hearing loss (61%). Almost all (90%) MWS patients had a family member similarly affected compared with none in the NOMID group (P = 0.004). A significant proportion of patients on anti‐interleukin (IL)‐1 therapy (n = 13) no longer had systemic inflammation. Only 50% with sensorineural hearing loss had hearing restored on anti‐IL‐1 therapy.ConclusionsAlthough CAPS are rare, patients often endured prolonged periods of systemic inflammation. This is despite almost all MWS patients having family members with similar symptoms and children with NOMID presenting with chronic infantile urticaria associated with multi‐system inflammation. Hearing loss in NOMID/MWS was frequent, and reversible in only 50% of cases.
Evaluation of an E‐learning resource on approach to the first unprovoked seizure
Authors: Le Marne Fleur A , McGinness Hannah , Slade Rob , Cardamone Michael , Balbir Singh Shirleen , Connolly Anne M , Bye Ann ME 
Published: September 2016

AimTo develop and evaluate an online educational package instructing paediatricians and trainees in the diagnosis and management of a first unprovoked seizure in children.MethodsThe E‐learning content was created following a comprehensive literature review that referenced current international guidelines. Rigorous consultation with local paediatric neurologists, paediatricians and epilepsy nurses was undertaken. A series of learning modules was created and sequenced to reflect steps needed to achieve optimal diagnosis and management in a real‐life situation of a child presenting with a paroxysmal event. Paediatric registrars and advanced trainees from the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network were assessed before and after using the E‐learning Resource. Measures included general epilepsy knowledge, case‐based scenario knowledge; self‐rated measures of satisfaction with instruction and confidence regarding clinical approach to the child with first unprovoked seizure; and open ended questions evaluating the usefulness of the E‐learning resource.ResultsPerformance on measures of general epilepsy knowledge and on the seizure‐related case scenarios improved significantly following completion of the E‐learning as did self‐rated satisfaction with instruction and confidence across all aspects of managing first seizure.ConclusionsThe E‐learning resource has been validated as a useful educational resource regarding the first afebrile unprovoked seizure for paediatricians.
Community‐Based Colorectal Cancer Screening in a Rural Population: Who Returns Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) Kits?
Authors: Crosby Richard A. , Stradtman Lindsay , Collins Tom , Vanderpool Robin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeTo determine the return rate of community‐delivered fecal immunochemical test (FIT) kits in a rural population and to identify significant predictors of returning kits.MethodsResidents were recruited in 8 rural Kentucky counties to enroll in the study and receive an FIT kit. Of 345 recruited, 82.0% returned an FIT kit from the point of distribution. These participants were compared to the remainder relative to age, sex, marital status, having an annual income below $15,000, not graduating from high school, not having a regular health care provider, not having health care coverage, being a current smoker, indicating current overweight or obese status, and a scale measure of fatalism pertaining to colorectal cancer. Predictors achieving significance at the bivariate level were entered into a stepwise logistic regression model to calculate adjusted OR and 95% CI.FindingsThe return rate was 82.0%. In adjusted analyses, those indicating an annual income of less than $15,000 were 2.85 times more likely to return their kits (95% CI: 1.56‐5.24; P < .001). Also, those not perceiving themselves to be overweight/obese were 1.95 times more likely to return their kits (95% CI: 1.07‐3.55; P = .029).ConclusionsAn outreach‐based colorectal cancer screening program in a rural population may yield high return rates. People with annual incomes below $15,000 and those not having perceptions of being overweight/obese may be particularly likely to return FIT kits.
Boosting the signal: Endothelial inward rectifier K+ channels
Authors: Jackson William F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEndothelial cells express a diverse array of ion channels including members of the strong inward rectifier family composed of KIR2 subunits. These two‐membrane spanning domain channels are modulated by their lipid environment, and exist in macromolecular signaling complexes with receptors, protein kinases and other ion channels. Inward rectifier K+ channel (KIR) currents display a region of negative slope conductance at membrane potentials positive to the K+ equilibrium potential that allows outward current through the channels to be activated by membrane hyperpolarization, permitting KIR to amplify hyperpolarization induced by other K+ channels and ion transporters. Increases in extracellular K+ concentration activate KIR allowing them to sense extracellular K+ concentration and transduce this change into membrane hyperpolarization. These properties position KIR to participate in the mechanism of action of hyperpolarizing vasodilators and contribute to cell‐cell conduction of hyperpolarization along the wall of microvessels. The expression of KIR in capillaries in electrically active tissues may allow KIR to sense extracellular K+, contributing to functional hyperemia. Understanding the regulation of expression and function of microvascular endothelial KIR will improve our understanding of the control of blood flow in the microcirculation in health and disease and may provide new targets for the development of therapeutics in the future.
Retinal microcirculation in association with caffeinated and alcoholic drinks in subjects at increased cardiovascular risk
Authors: Karatzi Kalliopi , Aissopou Evaggelia K. , Katsana Konstantina , Moiragia Marousa , Tentolouris Nikolaos , Sfikakis Petros P. , Protogerou Athanase D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe association of caffeinated and alcoholic drinks with microcirculation is poorly investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate the associations of daily consumption of caffeinated and alcoholic drinks with retinal vessel calibers.MethodsIn consecutive adults at increased risk but free of CVD and diabetes mellitus, (n=181, age: 51.32±12.42 y, 51.4% women), we determined CRAE, CRVE and AVR, respectively. Daily consumption of caffeinated and alcoholic drinks was assessed through 24 h recalls.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounders: (i) caffeine was positively associated with CRVE (b=0.177, P=.006 for left, b=0.208, P=.002 for right eye, respectively) (ii) decaffeinated coffee was positively associated with CRAE (b=0.141, P=.035 for left eye) and negatively associated with CRVE (b=−0.234, P<.001 for left, b=−0.189, P=.006 for right eye, respectively). Regular coffee, tea, alcohol, and any type of alcoholic drink did not associate with retinal vessel calibers.ConclusionsAlcohol and alcoholic drinks’ consumption were not associated, while decaffeinated coffee and caffeine consumption were associated in an opposing pattern with retinal vessel calibers. The reason of this controversy merits further investigation.
Understanding regulation of leaf internal carbon and water transport using online stable isotope techniques
Authors: Barbour Margaret M. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe balance of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapour exchange between leaves and the atmosphere is strongly controlled by stomatal conductance. However, the influence of transport processes within leaves has recently been gaining prominence. Stable isotope techniques are at the forefront of understanding transport within leaves and the recent development of online, real‐time optical isotope analysers has paved the way for new questions to be asked. In this insight, I outline these new techniques and the questions they can potentially address, including assessing possible coordination between mesophyll conductance to CO2 and leaf hydraulic conductance.

Contents

Summary
83

I.
Introduction
83

II.
Dynamic responses of mesophyll conductance to CO2
84

III.
Genotypic variation and genetic control of mesophyll conductance to CO2
84

IV.
Estimating chloroplast membrane conductance to CO2 in C3 plants
85

V.
Water transport within leaves
86

VI.
Coordination of CO2 and water transport
86

VII.
Future opportunities
86

Acknowledgements
87

References
87
Rethinking America's Public Lands
Authors: King Cheryl Simrell 
Published: September 2016

Related Content: Balfour and Newbold (PAR November/December 2016)Related Content: Fiorino (PAR November/December 2016)Related Content: Knox (PAR November/December 2016)Related Content: Brook (PAR November/December 2016)Related Content: Ingrams (PAR November/December 2016)
Cumulus cell expansion and first polar body extrusion during in vitro oocyte maturation in relation to morphological and morphometric characteristics of the dromedary camel ovary
Authors: Mesbah F , Kafi M , Nili H 
Published: September 2016

ContentsThe morphological and morphometric characteristics of the ovary are fundamental properties for in vitro oocyte maturation. Nuclear maturation, including first polar body (1PB) extrusion, cytoplasmic maturation and cumulus cell (CC) expansion are the criteria for in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocyte. This study was designed to determine the effect of morphological and morphometric features of the ovary on CC expansion and 1PB extrusion during IVM of oocyte in the adult female dromedary camel. The weight, volume and three dimensions of ovaries from slaughtered dromedary camels and oocytes inside zona diameter and zona pellucida thickness were measured. The follicles were classified in regard to the size and oocytes according to their ooplasm appearance and CC compactness. Aspirated cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were incubated for 48 hr (with a 6‐hr interval) in Hams‐F10, and CC expansion and 1PB extrusion were assessed. Significant differences were seen in the shape, weight, volume and three dimensions of the ovaries between ≤4‐year‐old and >4‐year‐old dromedary camel (p < .5). Approximately, 95.82% of follicles were 2–4 mm in diameter. The mean (±SD) of inside zona diameter of the oocyte and zona pellucida thickness was 132.22 ± 13.8 and 14.64 ± 2.24 μm, respectively, in >4‐year‐old dromedary camel. The CC expansion and 1PB extrusion were seen in 86% and 21.88% of COCs, respectively. Age and sexual conditions of dromedary camel influence the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the ovary. Most COCs retrieved from 2–6 mm follicles are cultivable. The most slaughterhouse‐derived COCs retrieved from 2–6 mm follicles of non‐pregnant dromedary camels are excellent and good and yielding a most favourable diameter to achieve the developmental competence for IVM in an optimal time of 24–30 hr; the optimal time for CC expansion is 24–30 hr in this species. However, the CC expansion is a prerequisite process, but not sufficient for IVM.
Semen characteristics of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following diets containing different vegetable fatty acid levels
Authors: Hajiahmadian M , Sarvi Moghanlou K , Agh N , Farrokhi Ardabili F 
Published: September 2016

ContentsBrood fish nutrition is an important factor susceptible to affect not only fecundity and gametogenesis but also gamete quality. In this study, we investigated the effects of altering dietary vegetable fatty acid content on semen quality (i.e. motility, density and seminal plasma composition), fertilizing ability and also blood testosterone (T) concentration in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were fed a commercial diet and ten formulated diets with similar proximate compositions but different levels of vegetable fatty acids (highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA): monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA); HUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA); and HUFA: saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratios). Fish fed with HUFA: MUFA = 0.0 and HUFA: SFA = 0.25 ratios had the highest semen motility percentage and duration. However, the highest semen concentration and semenatocrit were observed in HUFA: SFA = 0.0 and HUFA: PUFA = 0.37 ratios. There was a significant difference in terms of K+ ion among diets supplemented with HUFA: PUFA = 0.0, HUFA: PUFA = 0.37 and HUFA: MUFA = 0.16 ratios (p < .05). Furthermore, Na+ ion showed significant difference between control group and diet supplemented with HUFA: PUFA = 0.0 (p < .05). Among the biochemical parameters, total protein showed a significant difference between HUFA: MUFA = 0.16 and HUFA: PUFA = 0.37 ratios (p < .05). No significant differences in fertilization ability and blood T concentration were found among dietary treatments (p > .05). In addition, the present data suggest that dietary fatty acid levels could affect semen quality but not fertilization ability in O. mykiss.
Long‐term outcomes of domiciliary intravenous iloprost in idiopathic and connective tissue disease‐associated pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Ramjug Sheila , Hussain Nehal , Hurdman Judith , Elliot Charlie A. , Sabroe Ian , Armstrong Iain J. , Billings Catherine , Hamilton Neil , Kiely David G. , Condliffe Robin 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThere are few published data on the efficacy of i.v. iloprost in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We present long‐term outcomes in PAH patients receiving i.v. iloprost in a large UK referral centre.MethodsEighty patients with idiopathic PAH (iPAH, n = 46) or PAH associated with connective tissue disease (CTD‐PAH, n = 34) were identified as receiving domiciliary i.v. iloprost between January 1999 and April 2015. Baseline characteristics, doses achieved, functional class at follow‐up and survival data were retrieved from hospital databases.ResultsMedian maximum dose achieved was 4.6 ng/kg/min in the iPAH group and 5.0 ng/kg/min in CTD‐PAH patients. Exercise capacity significantly improved in the first 6 months of therapy in IPAH patients. Overall 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year survival was 78%, 64% and 52% in iPAH (P = 0.002) and 64%, 26% and 21% in CTD‐PAH. Independent predictors of survival were age and exercise capacity.ConclusionWe report improved survival to that previously reported in iPAH patients treated with domiciliary i.v. iloprost. This may be in part related to higher administered doses. Patients with CTD‐PAH had poorer survival, reinforcing the need for early transplantation referral in suitable patients.
European Civic Neighbourhood: Towards a Bottom‐Up Agenda Across Borders
Authors: Laine Jussi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe EU's borderland between Finland and Russia provides a fascinating setting to study how different understandings of state and civil society meet, overlap, and fuse. Focusing on this border region, this study pits the conventional bilateral framework against the more recent EU one in depicting a cross‐border space for civic activity. It offers a critical perspective on the official European Neighbourhood and illustrates a complementary vision of a non‐territorial civic neighbourhood seeking to capture the networked and fluid topologies of contemporary cross‐border processes. The paper underlines the role of civil society in bridging the gaps created by borders, and suggests that they provide a powerful driver for maintaining neighbourly relations in a tense climate. To better understand the transnational network‐space they fashion, we must abandon the geographical idea of territorial exceptionality and be receptive to alternative interpretations not tied to a particular policy framework and the restrictions defined by it.
Regional Innovation Systems or Innovative Regions? Evidence from Italy
Authors: De Marchi Valentina , Grandinetti Roberto 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe literature on regional innovation systems (RIS) has focused so far just on a few exemplary cases of regions where innovation resulted from systemic interactions between firms and institutions. This paper aims at evaluating quantitatively which regions can be considered RIS using Community Innovation Survey data on Italy. The analysis reveals a new geography of innovation in the country as compared to results emerging from studies on the 1990s, suggesting a high dynamism in innovation capabilities of Italian regions. Four clusters of regions are identified, but none of them can be described as a true RIS: the most innovative ones lack ‘systemicness’ and those that come closest to the RIS model have not the best innovative performance.
The Challenge of the Dutch Port‐City Interface
Authors: A. Daamen Tom , Louw Erik 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper explores the shifting geography of the port‐city interface in The Netherlands since the mid 1970s, and assesses its current scene. With an eye on port‐urban governance and planning, we provide a dynamic account of the forces that have played a major role in the implementation of waterfront redevelopment schemes in Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Our account shows that the power balance between the port authority, the municipal planning office, and the users of the port has shifted. This has compelled urban planners in both port cities to adopt a more incremental waterfront development strategy than they had anticipated, and has given port users more influence on the plans for the current port‐city interface.