bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mandatory influenza vaccination for all healthcare personnel: a review on justification, implementation and effectiveness
Authors: Wang Tiffany L. , Jing Ling , Bocchini Joseph A. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
As healthcare-associated influenza is a serious public health concern, this review examines legal and ethical arguments supporting mandatory influenza vaccination policies for healthcare personnel, implementation issues and evidence of effectiveness.

Recent findings
Spread of influenza from healthcare personnel to patients can result in severe harm or death. Although most healthcare personnel believe that they should be vaccinated against seasonal influenza, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report that only 79% of personnel were vaccinated during the 2015–2016 season. Vaccination rates were as low as 44.9% in institutions that did not promote or offer the vaccine, compared with rates of more than 90% in institutions with mandatory vaccination policies. Policies that mandate influenza vaccination for healthcare personnel have legal and ethical justifications. Implementing such policies require multipronged approaches that include education efforts, easy access to vaccines, vaccine promotion, leadership support and consistent communication emphasizing patient safety.

Summary
Mandatory influenza vaccination for healthcare personnel is a necessary step in protecting patients. Patients who interact with healthcare personnel are often at an elevated risk of complications from influenza. Vaccination is the best available strategy for protecting against influenza and evidence shows that institutional policies and state laws can effectively increase healthcare personnel vaccination rates, decreasing the risk of transmission in healthcare settings. There are legal and ethical precedents for institutional mandatory influenza policies and state laws, although successful implementation requires addressing both administrative and attitudinal barriers.
Estimated HIV Incidence, Prevalence, and Undiagnosed Infections in US States and Washington, DC, 2010–2014
Authors: Satcher Johnson Anna , Song Ruiguang , Hall H. Irene 
Published: July 2017

Introduction:
The burden of HIV infection and health outcomes for people living with HIV varies across the United States. New methods allow for estimating national and state-level HIV incidence, prevalence, and undiagnosed infections using surveillance data and CD4 values.

Methods:
HIV surveillance data reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the first CD4 value after diagnosis were used to estimate the distribution of delay from infection to diagnosis based on a well-characterized CD4 depletion model. This distribution was used to estimate HIV incidence, prevalence, and undiagnosed infections during 2010–2014. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess trends.

Results:
During 2010–2014, HIV incidence decreased 10.3% (EAPC = −3.1%) and the percentage of undiagnosed infection decreased from 17.1% to 15.0% (EAPC = −3.3%) in the United States; HIV prevalence increased 9.1% (EAPC = 2.2%). Among 36 jurisdictions with sufficient data to produce stable estimates, HIV incidence decreased in 3 jurisdictions (Georgia, New York, and District of Columbia) and the percentage of undiagnosed HIV infections decreased in 2 states (Texas and Georgia). HIV prevalence increased in 4 states (California, Florida, Georgia, and Texas). In 2014, southern states accounted for 50% of both new HIV infections and undiagnosed infections.

Conclusion:
HIV incidence and undiagnosed infection decreased in the United States during 2010–2014; however, outcomes varied by state and region. Progress in national HIV prevention is encouraging but intensified efforts for testing and treatment are needed in the South and states with high percentages of undiagnosed infection.
Prospects for elimination of soil-transmitted helminths
Authors: Ásbjörnsdóttir Kristjana H. , Means Arianna R. , Werkman Marleen , Walson Judd L. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are endemic in 120 countries and are associated with substantial morbidity and loss of economic productivity. Although current WHO guidelines focus on morbidity control through mass drug administration (MDA), there is global interest in whether a strategy targeting disease elimination might be feasible in some settings. This review summarizes the prospects for switching from control to an elimination strategy.

Recent findings
STH control efforts have reduced the intensity of infections in targeted populations with associated reductions in morbidity. However, adults are not frequently targeted and remain important reservoirs for reinfection of treated children. Recent modeling suggests that transmission interruption may be possible through expanded community-wide delivery of MDA, the feasibility of which has been demonstrated by other programs. However, these models suggest that high levels of coverage and compliance must be achieved. Potential challenges include the risk of prematurely dismantling STH programs and the potential increased risk of antihelminthic resistance.

Summary
Elimination of STH may offer an opportunity to eliminate substantial STH-related morbidity while reducing resource needs of neglected tropical disease programs. Evidence from large community trials is needed to determine the feasibility of interrupting the transmission of STH in some geographic settings.
Retrospective Study of Patients on Etanercept Therapy for Rheumatic Diseases in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Gandhi Nisarg P. , Manadan Augustine M. , Block Joel A. 
Published: July 2017

Objective
Treatment of rheumatic diseases with concurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a therapeutic challenge. Etanercept has no known hepatotoxicity; however there is a concern for worsening of HCV infection–related liver disease due to immunosuppressive action of the drug. Here, we retrospectively assessed the safety of etanercept in rheumatologic disease in patients with chronic HCV.

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted in patients with chronic HCV infection who received etanercept for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. The primary end point was a serum transaminase level of at least 3 times the upper limit of normal during etanercept therapy. We also recorded HCV RNA load.

Results
Fourteen patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 52 (SD, 8) years. The median follow-up period after initiation of etanercept was 105 months (range, 13–132 months). During follow-up, 7 of 14 patients had elevation of aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase 3 times the upper limit of normal. Two of 7 patients had concomitant elevation in transaminases and increase in HCV viral load during etanercept exposure, which could not be attributed to other hepatotoxic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. In both patients, transaminase levels normalized upon etanercept discontinuation.

Conclusions
In contrast to the majority of previous shorter-duration studies, 2 of 14 patients in our series had possible HCV-related worsening of liver disease while on etanercept therapy. Although no firm conclusion can be drawn, it appears that HCV infection can worsen while on etanercept therapy, and therefore, we propose these patients should be monitored serially.
Quantifying and exploring the recent national increase in surgical stabilization of rib fractures
Authors: Kane Erica D. , Jeremitsky Elan , Pieracci Fredric M. , Majercik Sarah , Doben Andrew R. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND
Surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) has become pivotal in the management of severe chest injuries. Recent literature supports improved outcomes and mortality in severe fracture and flail chest patients who undergo SSRF compared with nonoperative management (NOM). A 2014 National Trauma Data Bank review provided a point prevalence of 0.7% SSRF in flail patients. We hypothesize that this prevalence is increasing and that temporal, regional, and American College of Surgeons (ACS) trauma designation vary in SSRF utilization.

METHODS
Retrospective National Trauma Data Bank data were extracted for years 2007 to 2014 for patients with rib fractures. Cases were divided into SSRF versus NOM. SSRF frequencies were analyzed across year, region, and ACS level. Patient demographics, injury severity score, number of fractured ribs, and hospital characteristics were identified for multivariable analysis.

RESULTS
Between 2007 and 2014, 687,137 rib fracture patients were identified; 29,981 (4.36%) underwent SSRF. SSRF increased by 76% nationally during the review period (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50–1.67; p < 0.001). Compared with the north, SSRF was used more in the west (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.57–1.71), south (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.43–1.54), then midwest (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.34–1.46; p < 0.001). Although likelihood of SSRF is higher at ACS Level I (LI) centers compared with Level II (LII) centers (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.65–0.69) or Level III (LIII) (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.22–0.26); p < 0.001), frequency of SSRF increased dramatically at lower-level centers from 2007 to 2014 (LI, 41.4%; LII, 53.6%; LIII, 60.0%).
Overall SSRF mortality was 1.58% (NOM, 5.3%; p < 0.001), decreasing significantly between 2007 and 2014 (p < 0.0001). ACS LII had higher mortality than LI (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.39–2.39; p < 0.0001), controlled by Injury Severity Score.

CONCLUSION
Utilization of SSRF has risen considerably nationwide. Prevalence varies by region and ACS level. Although greatest growth is occurring at LII hospitals, mortality is also the highest at these centers. Further research is needed to determine the need for regionalization of care and center of excellence designation.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Epidemiological study, level III.
Impact of the Trough Level of Calcineurin Inhibitor on the Prevalence of Donor-Specific Human Leukocyte Antigen Antibodies During Long-Term Follow-Up After Pediatric Liver Transplantation: Antibody Strength and Complement-Binding Ability
Authors: Tokodai Kazuaki , Miyagi Shigehito , Nakanishi Chikashi , Hara Yasuyuki , Nakanishi Wataru , Goto Masafumi , Unno Michiaki , Kamei Takashi 
Published: July 2017

Background
In pediatric patients, long-term immunosuppression after liver transplantation (LT) is typically minimal. However, posttransplant donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSAs) may be prevalent under these conditions. Here, we evaluated the effects of minimized calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) on DSA development to assess the validity of minimized/withdrawn immunosuppression.

Methods
We retrospectively examined 66 patients who underwent pediatric LT at our institution between July 1991 and October 2013. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the CNI trough level. The cutoff trough levels were 3 and 30 ng/mL for tacrolimus and cyclosporine, respectively. Luminex single-antigen bead assays were performed, and the cutoff for a positive reaction was set at a mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of at least 1000.

Results
The mean recipient ages at the time of LT were 29.1 and 77.2 months for the low and regular CNI groups, respectively (P = 0.0007). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that recipient age at LT younger than 3 years (P = 0.0099) and low CNI (P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with DSA development. In multivariate analysis, low CNI was an independent risk factor of DSA development (P = 0.0011). Of 15 high-MFI DSAs, 3 were anti-DR, and 12 were anti-DQ. Two of 3 anti-DR DSAs and 11 of 12 anti-DQ DSAs had complement-binding ability and high MFIs.

Conclusions
CNI minimization was an independent risk factor for posttransplant DSA during long-term follow-up after pediatric LT. Adjusting CNI to appropriate levels is a safe first step to prevent the immunological effects of DSA.
Neuromuscular problems in the ICU
Authors: Damian Maxwell S. , Srinivasan Ravi 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
Patients with acute life-threatening neuromuscular disease require close cooperation between neuromuscular and intensive care specialists to achieve the best possible outcomes. The problems encountered by these patients are different from those in traditional neuromuscular practice, and neurologists consulting in the ICU need a specific skill set to provide useful guidance. However, outcomes can be very good if treatment is instituted effectively. This review aims to provide an overview of the most important neuromuscular conditions encountered in the ICU and enable a practical approach to patient management.

Recent findings
New research has provided improved knowledge of the impact of acute neuromuscular failure on the mechanics of respiration, on the categories of neuromuscular disease in the ICU, and on the main factors influencing outcomes. Pitfalls and risks in ICU treatment are better understood.

Summary
Evidence-based algorithms for monitoring and treatment have been developed. These advances enhance the role of the neuromuscular specialist in acute care. The principles of best practice are discussed in this review.
Electrospinning preparation of oxygen-deficient nano TiO
2-x
/carbon fibre membrane as a self-standing high performance anode for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Jing Mao-xiang , Li Jing-quan , Han Chong , Yao Shan-shan , Zhang Ji , Zhai Hong-ai , Chen Li-li , Shen Xiang-qian , Xiao Ke-song 
Published: July 2017

Improving the specific capacity and electronic conductivity of TiO
2
can boost its practical application as a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries. In this work, a three-dimensional networking oxygen-deficient nano TiO
2-x
/carbon fibre membrane was achieved by combining the electrospinning process with a hot-press sintering method and directly used as a self-standing anode. With the synergistic effects of three-dimensional conductive networks, surface oxygen deficiency, high specific surface area and high porosity, binder-free and self-standing structure, etc., the nano TiO
2-x
/carbon fibre membrane electrode displays a high electrochemical reaction kinetics and a high specific capacity. The reversible capacity could be jointly generated from porous carbon, full-lithiation of TiO
2
and interfacial lithium storage. At a current density of 100 mA g
−1
, the reversible discharge capacity can reach 464 mA h g
−1
. Even at 500 mA g
−1
, the discharge capacity still remains at 312 mA h g
−1
. Compared with pure carbon fibre and TiO
2
powder, the TiO
2-x
/C fibre membrane electrode also exhibits an excellent cycle performance with a discharge capacity of 209 mA h g
−1
after 700 cycles at the current density of 300 mA g
−1
, and the coulombic efficiency always remains at approximately 100%.
Live Cell Imaging of Bioorthogonally Labelled Proteins Generated With a Single Pyrrolysine tRNA Gene
Authors: Aloush Noa , Schvartz Tomer , König Andres I. , Cohen Sarit , Brozgol Eugene , Tam Benjamin , Nachmias Dikla , Ben-David Oshrit , Garini Yuval , Elia Natalie , Arbely Eyal 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTGenetic code expansion enables the incorporation of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) into expressed proteins. ncAAs are usually encoded by a stop codon that is decoded by an exogenous orthogonal aminoacyl tRNA synthetase and its cognate suppressor tRNA, such as the pyrrolysine synthetase/pair. In such systems, stop codon suppression is dependent on the intracellular levels of the exogenous tRNA. Therefore, multiple copies of the tRNAPylgene (PylT) are encoded to improve ncAA incorporation. However, certain applications in mammalian cells, such as live-cell imaging applications, where labelled tRNA contributes to background fluorescence, can benefit from the use of less invasive minimal expression systems. Accordingly, we studied the effect of tRNAPylon live-cell fluorescence imaging of bioorthogonally-labelled intracellular proteins. We found that in COS7 cells, a decrease in PylT copy numbers had no measurable effect on protein expression levels. Importantly, reducing PylT copy numbers improved the quality of live-cells images by enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio and reducing an immobile tRNAPylpopulation. This enabled us to improve live cell imaging of bioorthogonally labelled intracellular proteins, and to simultaneously label two different proteins in a cell. Our results indicate that the number of introduced PylT genes can be minimized according to the transfected cell line, incorporated ncAA, and application.
A dual-mode mobile phone microscope using the onboard camera flash and ambient light
Authors: Orth A. , Wilson E. R. , Thompson J. G. , Gibson B. C. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTMobile phone microscopes are a natural platform for point-of-care imaging, but current solutions require an externally powered illumination source, thereby adding bulk and cost. We present a mobile phone microscope that uses the internal flash or sunlight as the illumination source, thereby reducing complexity whilst maintaining functionality and performance. The microscope is capable of both brightfield and darkfield imaging modes, enabling microscopic visualization of samples ranging from plant to mammalian cells. We describe the microscope design principles, assembly process, and demonstrate its imaging capabilities through the visualization of unlabelled cell nuclei to observing the motility of cattle sperm.
Text mining of 15 million full-text scientific articles
Authors: Westergaard David , Stærfeldt Hans-Henrik , Tønsberg Christian , Jensen Lars Juhl , Brunak Søren 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAcross academia and industry, text mining has become a popular strategy for keeping up with the rapid growth of the scientific literature. Text mining of the scientific literature has mostly been carried out on collections of abstracts, due to their availability. Here we present an analysis of 15 million English scientific full-text articles published during the period 1823–2016. We describe the development in article length and publication sub-topics during these nearly 250 years. We showcase the potential of text mining by extracting published protein–protein, disease–gene, and protein subcellular associations using a named entity recognition system, and quantitatively report on their accuracy using gold standard benchmark data sets. We subsequently compare the findings to corresponding results obtained on 16.5 million abstracts included in MEDLINE and show that text mining of full-text articles consistently outperforms using abstracts only.
A Careful Consideration of the Influence of Structure, Partial charges and Basis Sets on Collision Cross Sections of Monosaccharides when Comparing Values from DFT Calculated Conformers to those Obtained Experimentally
Authors: Migas Lukasz G. , Gray Christopher J. , Flitsch Sabine L. , Barran Perdita E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMolecular modelling is routinely employed to assign 3D structures to collision cross sections (CCSs) derived from ion mobility mass spectrometry experiments (IM-MS). The assignment of model structures to the experimental CCSs remains an ambiguous task, where one of several methods may be used to obtain a CCS from a given set of coordinates. The most reliable of the commonly used techniques, the Trajectory Method, starts with atomic coordinates which can be accompanied by partial atomic charges, obtained usingab initiomethods. Here, we use lithiated α- and β-glucose ions as exemplar molecules to detect the effect conformational modification and changes to the partial charge distribution have on computed collision cross sections. Six popular charge schemes (Mulliken, APT, CHelpG, MK, HLY and NPA) were examined in combination with three functionals (Hartree-Fock, B3LYP and M05) and five basis sets (STO-3G, 3-21G, 6-31G, 6-31+G and 6-31G*) on twenty unique structures. Our findings indicate that molecular conformation makes a significant contribution to fluctuations of partial charges in Electrostatic Potential (ESP) and Mulliken charge scheme; Partial charges derived using Natural Population Analysis (NPA) and ESP methods are largely independent of functional and basis set selection; and both selection of the charge scheme and functional/basis set combination play a large role in the resultant CCS, often causing few percent fluctuations in the computed values.
Trust in ag-related marketing claims: a segmentation with German consumers
Authors: Kühl Sarah , Schlüterbusch Lea , Spiller Achim 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Agricultural-related food marketing claims are gaining in importance. The challenge for the industry is to claim real production characteristics while being in line with consumers’ expectations. Looking at the example of marketing pasture-raised milk year-round and the fact that cows only have access to pasture in summer, the purpose of this paper is to analyse consumer expectations, the potential of deception and the acceptance of more credible marketing strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
An online access panel was used for data collection. The data include 310 German milk buyers, who were grouped using cluster analysis to examine the different target groups for the year-round and seasonal marketing of pasture-raised milk.

Findings
The study distinguished two different consumer groups: one with lower expectations accepting year-round marketing (32.5 per cent) and the other with higher demands, who feel deceived by year-round marketing (46.7 per cent). Furthermore, one part of the last group is also sceptical towards the more precise seasonal marketing due to their general scepticism towards ag-related marketing claims.

Practical implications
To generate consumer trust in ag-related marketing claims, it is beneficial to meet consumers’ expectations. Producers have to decide if they orient their products to more modest or more critical consumer segments. While it is easier to implement lower standards, there is the risk to disappoint (and thereby lose) the most interesting target group of highly involved consumers characterised by some general doubts regarding food marketing claims.

Originality/value
The study is the first to demonstrate the existence of two consumer segments that differ in their expectations towards and acceptance of ag-related marketing claims for food products.