bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical clearing: impact of optical and dielectric properties of clearing solutions on pulmonary tissue mechanics
Authors: Schwenninger David , Priebe Hans-Joachim , Schneider Matthias , Runck Hanna , Guttmann Josef 
Published: March 2017

Optical clearing allows tissue visualization under preservation of organ integrity. Optical clearing of organs with a physiological change in three-dimensional geometry (such as the lung) would additionally allow visualization of macroscopic and microscopic tissue geometry. A prerequisite, however, is the preservation of the native tissue mechanics of the optically cleared lung tissue. We investigated the impact of optical and dielectric properties of clearing solutions on biomechanics and clearing potency in porcine tissue strips of healthy lungs. After fixation, bleaching, and rehydration, four methods of optical clearing were investigated using eight different protocols. The mechanical and optical properties of the cleared lung tissue strips were investigated by uniaxial tensile testing and by analyzing optical transparency and translucency for red, green, and blue light before, during, and after the biochemical optical clearing process. Fresh tissue strips were used as controls. Best balance between efficient clearing and preserved mechanics was found for clearing with a 1:1 mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and aniline. Our findings show that 1) the degree of tissue transparency and translucency correlated with the refractive index of the clearing solution index ( r = 0.976, P = 0.0004; and r = 0.91, P = 0.0046, respectively), 2) tissue mechanics were affected by dehydration and the type of clearing solution, and 3) tissue biomechanics and geometry correlated with the dielectric constant of the clearing solution ( r = −0.98, P < 0.00001; and r = 0.69, P = 0.013, respectively). We show that the lower the dielectric constant of the clearing solutions, the larger the effect on tissue stiffness. This suggests that the dielectric constant is an important measure in determining the effect of a clearing solution on lung tissue biomechanics. Optimal tissue transparency requires complete tissue dehydration and a refractive index of 1.55 of the clearing solution. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Investigating optical clearing in porcine lung tissue strips, we found that refractive index and dielectric constant of the clearing solution affected tissue clearing and biomechanics. By documenting the impact of the composition of the clearing solution on clearing potency and preservation of tissue mechanics, our results help to compose optimal clearing solutions. In addition, the results allow conclusions on the molecular interaction of solvents with collagen fibers in tissue, thereby consolidating existing theories about the functionality of collagen.
Diagnóstico para melhoria contínua nas Bibliotecas Escolares do município de Indaial/SC
Authors: Vahldick Viviane , Vianna William Barbosa , Karpinsky Cezar , Pinto Marli Dias de Souza 
Published: March 2017

O objetivo do estudo é identificar elementos para um diagnóstico da realidade de oito (08) bibliotecas municipais objetos de estudo, aderentes a proposta, para subsidiar elaboração de um plano de melhoria baseado na proposta da IFLA e da lei 12.244/10. Justifica-se pela necessidade de avançar em práticas e políticas públicas que fomentam a qualidade da educação e pela existência de um estudo preliminar realizado em 2006. O estudo caracteriza-se como qualitativo, indutivo e utiliza como instrumentos de intervenção questionário e entrevistas semi-estruturados e observação. Resultou na identificação de pontos fortes, pontos fracos, ameaças e oportunidade.
Programmatic Approach to Management of Tetralogy of Fallot With Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries
Authors: Bauser-Heaton Holly , Borquez Alejandro , Han Brian , Ladd Michael , Asija Ritu , Downey Laura , Koth Andrew , Algaze Claudia A. , Wise-Faberowski Lisa , Perry Stanton B. , Shin Andrew , Peng Lynn F. , Hanley Frank L. , McElhinney Doff B. 
Published: March 2017

Background—
Tetralogy of Fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries is a complex and heterogeneous condition. Our institutional approach to this lesion emphasizes early complete repair with the incorporation of all lung segments and extensive lobar and segmental pulmonary artery reconstruction.

Methods and Results—
We reviewed all patients who underwent surgical intervention for tetralogy of Fallot and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford (LPCHS) since November 2001. A total of 458 patients underwent surgery, 291 (64%) of whom underwent their initial procedure at LPCHS. Patients were followed for a median of 2.7 years (mean 4.3 years) after the first LPCHS surgery, with an estimated survival of 85% at 5 years after first surgical intervention. Factors associated with worse survival included first LPCHS surgery type other than complete repair and Alagille syndrome. Of the overall cohort, 402 patients achieved complete unifocalization and repair, either as a single-stage procedure (n=186), after initial palliation at our center (n=74), or after surgery elsewhere followed by repair/revision at LPCHS (n=142). The median right ventricle:aortic pressure ratio after repair was 0.35. Estimated survival after repair was 92.5% at 10 years and was shorter in patients with chromosomal anomalies, older age, a greater number of collaterals unifocalized, and higher postrepair right ventricle pressure.

Conclusions—
Using an approach that emphasizes early complete unifocalization and repair with incorporation of all pulmonary vascular supply, we have achieved excellent results in patients with both native and previously operated tetralogy of Fallot and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries.
Morphological and genetic evolution in eastern populations of the Macrhybopsis aestivalis complex (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), with the descriptions of four new species
Authors: GILBERT CARTER R. , MAYDEN RICHARD L. , POWERS STEVEN L. 
Published: March 2017

For many years the North American cyprinid fish Macrhybopsis aestivalis (common name: Speckled Chub) was regarded as a single widespread and morphologically variable species, occurring in rivers throughout much of the Mississippi Valley and geographically adjacent eastern Gulf slope drainages, west to the Rio Grande basin in Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico. Eisenhour (1997) completed a morphological study of western populations of the Speckled Chub, the results of which appeared thereafter in published form (Eisenhour 1999, 2004). He demonstrated the existence of five valid species west of the Mississippi River (aestivalis, marconis, australis, tetranema, hyostoma), of which the name aestivalis was shown to be restricted to the population occurring in the Rio Grande and the geographically adjacent Rio San Fernando system, in northeastern Mexico. Eisenhour (2004) considered populations throughout the middle Mississippi Valley and its major tributaries to be a single morphologically variable species (hyostoma), and he also indicated that populations of Macrhybopsis from eastern Gulf slope drainages may represent a complex of species. Genetic confirmation of Eisenhour’s conclusions regarding western species appeared in the publication by Underwood et al. (2003), who also showed that western populations of M. hyostoma, as presently recognized, are genetically much more complex than previously considered. Meanwhile, the present authors were involved in a companion study of eastern populations of Macrhybopsis, for which a genetic summary of the eastern Gulf coast species was published by Mayden & Powers (2004). Based on their findings, four species were recognized from southeastern drainages (identified as species A–D), although no formal taxonomic descriptions were included. Their genetic data, in combination with meristic, morphometric and other morphological data presented herein, form the basis for a revised classification of eastern Macrhybopsis populations, including formal descriptions of the four new species from eastern Gulf coast drainages.
Tracing the Ventilation Pathways of the Deep North Pacific Ocean Using Lagrangian Particles and Eulerian Tracers
Authors: Ali Muttaqi Shah Syed Hyder , Primeau François W. , Deleersnijder Eric , Heemink Arnold W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLagrangian forward and backward models are introduced into a coarse-grid ocean global circulation model to trace the ventilation routes of the deep North Pacific Ocean. The random walk aspect in the Lagrangian model is dictated by a rotated isopycnal diffusivity tensor in the circulation model, and the effect of diffusion is explicitly resolved by means of stochastic terms in the Lagrangian model. The analogy between the probability distribution of a Lagrangian model with Green’s function of an Eulerian tracer transport equation is established. The estimated first- and last-passage time density of the deep North Pacific using both the Eulerian and the Lagrangian models ensured that the Lagrangian pathways and their ensemble statistics are consistent with the Eulerian tracer transport and its adjoint model. Moreover, the sample pathways of the ventilated mass fractions of the deep North Pacific particles to and from the ocean surface are studied.
Efficacy and safety of a novel high-dose mesalazine tablet in mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis: a double-blind, multicentre, randomised trial
Authors: Dignass Axel , Schnabel Robert , Romatowski Jacek , Pavlenko Vladimir , Dorofeyev Andrey , Derova Jelena , Jonaitis Laimas , Dilger Karin , Nacak Tanju , Greinwald Roland ,   the International SAT-25 Study Group
Published: March 2017

Background Adherence to mesalazine treatment is essential for the successful treatment of ulcerative colitis. Objective The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety and preference of a novel high-dose 1000 mg mesalazine tablet versus conventional treatment for ulcerative colitis remission. Methods This pivotal phase III trial compared one 1000 mg mesalazine tablet (M1000 group) versus two registered 500 mg mesalazine tablets (M2x500 group), both taken three times daily, in patients with mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis. The primary efficacy variable was clinical remission at week 8. Results A total of 306 patients were considered for intent-to-treat analysis. Clinical remission was achieved in 45.0% of the patients in the M1000 group versus 41.9% in the M2x500 group ( P < 0.001 for non-inferiority). Mucosal healing was achieved by 68.9% of the patients in the M1000 group and 68.4% in the M2x500 group. The majority of patients preferred the intake of one high-dose tablet (47.7%) over two low-dose tablets (10.5%). Oral treatment with high-dose 1000 mg mesalazine tablets was well tolerated without new safety signals. Conclusions The novel high-dose 1000 mg mesalazine tablet is effective, non-inferior to the registered 500 mg mesalazine tablet, and safe for ulcerative colitis treatment. It was preferred by a majority of patients and may improve ulcerative colitis treatment adherence.
Maximal mid-expiratory flow detects early lung disease in α1-antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Stockley James A. , Ismail Asem M. , Hughes Siân M. , Edgar Ross , Stockley Robert A. , Sapey Elizabeth 
Published: March 2017

Pathological studies suggest that loss of small airways precedes airflow obstruction and emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Not all α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) patients develop COPD, and measures of small airways function might be able to detect those at risk.Maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), ratio of FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), health status, presence of emphysema (computed tomography (CT) densitometry) and subsequent decline in FEV1were assessed in 196 AATD patients.FEV1/FVC, FEV1% predicted and lung densitometry related to MMEF % pred (r2=0.778, p<0.0001; r2=0.787, p<0.0001; r2=0.594, p<0.0001, respectively) in a curvilinear fashion. Patients could be divided into those with normal FEV1/FVC and MMEF (group 1), normal FEV1/FVC and reduced MMEF (group 2) and those with spirometrically defined COPD (group 3). Patients in group 2 had worse health status than group 1 (median total St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) 23.15 (interquartile range (IQR) 7.09–39.63)versus9.67 (IQR 1.83–22.35); p=0.006) and had a greater subsequent decline in FEV1(median change in FEV1−1.09% pred per year (IQR −1.91–0.04% pred per year)versus−0.04% pred per year (IQR −0.67–0.03% pred per year); p=0.007).A reduction in MMEF is an early feature of lung disease in AATD and is associated with impaired health status and a faster decline in FEV1.
Advertiser Prominence Effects in Search Advertising
Authors: Jeziorski Przemysław , Moorthy Sridhar 
Published: March 2017

Search advertising is the ordered list of advertisements that appears when a user searches for something in an online search engine. By construction, these ads differ in prominence: ads higher up the list are more prominent than ads lower down the list. However, search ads also differ in prominence in another way: prominence of advertiser. This paper examines how these two types of prominence interact in determining the click-through rate (CTR) of these ads. Using individual-level click-stream data from Microsoft’s Live Search platform and measures of advertiser prominence from Alexa.com , we find that ad position and advertiser prominence are substitutes. Specifically, in searches for camera brands, a retailer not in the top 100 of Alexa rankings has a 30%–50% higher CTR in position 1 than in position 2, whereas a retailer in the top 100 of Alexa rankings has only a 0%–13% higher CTR for the same position improvement. Qualitatively similar results are obtained for several other search strings. These findings demonstrate, first, that advertiser brand matters even for search ads, and, second, the way it matters is the opposite of what is usually assumed in the theoretical literature on search advertising. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2677 . This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
Resolving the Judgment and Decision-Making Paradox Between Adaptive Learning and Escalation of Commitment
Authors: Wong Kin Fai Ellick , Kwong Jessica Y. Y. 
Published: March 2017

A paradox in organizational research on judgment and decision making is that although the law-of-effect in adaptive learning suggests that people’s tendency to take a decision decreases after the decision receives negative consequences, people often exhibit an opposite action pattern of escalation of commitment. To address this paradox, this paper proposes that the unit of law-of-effect can be extended from a decision level to a strategy level (i.e., a group of planned decisions). A strategy organizes decisions from being consistent with the law-of-effect in one extreme to being consistent with escalation of commitment in another extreme. This paper shows that the favorability of the law-of-effect strategy (versus the escalation strategy) is likely to be underestimated at the beginning of a learning process. This underestimation stabilizes over time because negative consequences decrease the likelihood of choosing the law-of-effect strategy in the future. Accordingly, escalation strategy will be preferred more in the learning process, thereby developing a pattern of behaviors that is contradictory to the law-of-effect at the decision level but consistent with the law-of-effect at the strategy level. This learning pattern was demonstrated in three simulations with different combinations that were specified to capture different aspects of escalation of commitment. This learning perspective offers a novel explanation of escalation, suggesting that escalation may occur without distorted motivation or cognition. Data and the supplementary material are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2686 . This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Delayed growth and cell division in embryos of Fucus vesiculosus after parental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and metals
Authors: Lauze Jessie F. , Hable Whitney E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBrown algae are important residents of intertidal ecosystems like New Bedford Harbor of Massachusetts. Release of industrial waste has left this habitat high in metals and polychlorinated biphenyls, and the effects of exposure on coastal macroalgae are poorly understood. To determine whether chronic contaminant exposure affects offspring development, embryogenesis was evaluated in three populations of
Seaweed reproductive biology: environmental and genetic controls
Authors: Liu Xiaojie , Bogaert Kenny , Engelen Aschwin H. , Leliaert Frederik , Roleda Michael Y. , De Clerck Olivier 
Published: March 2017

AbstractKnowledge of life cycle progression and reproduction of seaweeds transcends pure academic interest. Successful and sustainable seaweed exploitation and domestication will indeed require excellent control of the factors controlling growth and reproduction. The relative dominance of the ploidy-phases and their respective morphologies, however, display tremendous diversity. Consequently, the ecological and endogenous factors controlling life cycles are likely to be equally varied. A vast number of research papers addressing theoretical, ecological and physiological aspects of reproduction have been published over the years. Here, we review the current knowledge on reproductive strategies, trade-offs of reproductive effort in natural populations, and the environmental and endogenous factors controlling reproduction. Given that the majority of ecophysiological studies predate the “-omics” era, we examine the extent to which this knowledge of reproduction has been, or can be, applied to further our knowledge of life cycle control in seaweeds.
The effect of extracellular ATP on rat uterine contraction from different gestational stages and its possible mechanisms of action
Authors: Zafrah Hind A. , Alotaibi Mohammed F. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background:
The mechanisms underlying the onset of labor are not fully understood. Extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) is known to cause uterine contractions in different species but the exact underlying mechanisms are poorly investigated to date. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of extracellular ATP on spontaneous uterine contractions from different gestational stages and to elucidate its possible underlying mechanisms.

Methods:
Longitudinal uterine strips were obtained from rats in different gestational stages (nonpregnant, late-pregnant, and term-pregnant). The effects of 1 mM ATP were examined on uterine contractions generated spontaneously, depolarized by high-KCl (60 mM), induced by oxytocin (5 nM), in the presence of high external Ca2+, or in the absence of external Ca2+.

Results:
Application of 1 mM extracellular ATP significantly increased the force of spontaneous contraction in uterine strips obtained from all gestational stages with prominent increase in term-pregnant rats compared to other gestations. ATP significantly increased the force induced by depolarization (122%, p=0.010, n=6), oxytocin (129%, p=0.001, n=7), high-Ca2+ (145%, p=0.005, n=6) and it was able to cause transient contraction in the absence of external Ca2+ (33%, p<0.01).

Conclusions:
Extracellular ATP is able to increase the force and frequency of uterine contractions and its effect increases with the progression of pregnancy and it involves Ca2+ influx and release. These findings open a new window for clinicians to consider ATP as a therapeutic target to control the uterine activity during difficult labors.
Intraosseous lipoma of the mandibula: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Waśkowska Jadwiga , Wójcik Sylwia , Koszowski Rafał , Drozdzowska Bogna 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Lipoma is a benign tumour originating from mature adipose tissue. It can occur in any place in the body where adipose tissue is located. Intraosseous lipoma is a very rare bone tumour. The authors present an infrequent case involving intraosseous lipoma of the mandible in a 32-year old man and provide a review of case studies documented earlier in the literature.
Synthesis, crystal structure and biological activities of a Ag(I) complex based on the V-shaped ligand 1,3-bis(1-benzylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-2-thiapropane
Authors: Tang Xia , Mao Shanshan , Shi Xinkui , Shen Kesheng , Wu Huilu 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A new silver(I) complex with 1,3-bis(1-benzylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-2-thiapropane (bbbt) and crotonate ligands, with composition [Ag(bbbt)(crotonate)]·CH3CH2OH, has been synthesized and characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that the coordination environment of the silver(I) center can be described as a distorted tetrahedral geometry, the Ag(I) atom being coordinated by two oxygen atoms from a crotonate anion and two nitrogen atoms from a bbbt ligand. Experimental studies of the DNA-binding properties indicated that the free ligand and the silver(I) complex bind to DNA by intercalation, and the order of the binding affinity is silver(I) complex>free bbbt ligand. The Ag(I) complex exhibits scavenger properties for hydroxyl radicals in in vitro studies.