bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: DoseMapper: A validated GUI‐based exact numerical modeling method of shielding in PET/CT facilities
Authors: Hermansen Jonas S. , Fonslet Jesper , Søndergaard Lasse R. 
Published: August 2017

PurposeTo provide a faster and more intuitive way of designing shielding for PET facilities, while still relying on the principles of the AAPM 108 Taskforce guidelines, as well as illustrating the calculation output using dose maps that are easily evaluated.MethodsA graphical user interface was developed, implementing an inverse AAPM method, wherein radiation sources and shield barriers are manually defined. Simulations are calculated using a user‐defined control mesh grid. DoseMapper simulations were verified against manual calculations using the AAPM guidelines, as well as compared with in situ dose rate measurements using four different dosemeters.ResultsDoseMapper simulations were virtually identical to manual calculations using AAPM guidelines, with a maximum relative error of <0.01%. Comparison with in situ measurements showed that DoseMapper‐simulated dose rates in all instances are higher than what can be measured, ensuring that no unintended hotspots can be overlooked in the shielding design.ConclusionsDoseMapper is an easy to use implementation of the AAPM 108 Taskforce principles that allows for a rapid iterative design process of shielding in PET facilities, and the resulting maps of dose rate and annual accumulated dose serve as clear documentation for the design.
Data‐driven mapping of hypoxia‐related tumor heterogeneity using DCE‐MRI and OE‐MRI
Authors: Featherstone Adam K. , O'Connor James P.B. , Little Ross A. , Watson Yvonne , Cheung Sue , Babur Muhammad , Williams Kaye J. , Matthews Julian C. , Parker Geoff J.M. 
Published: August 2017

PurposePrevious work has shown that combining dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI and oxygen‐enhanced (OE)‐MRI binary enhancement maps can identify tumor hypoxia. The current work proposes a novel, data‐driven method for mapping tissue oxygenation and perfusion heterogeneity, based on clustering DCE/OE‐MRI data.MethodsDCE‐MRI and OE‐MRI were performed on nine U87 (glioblastoma) and seven Calu6 (non‐small cell lung cancer) murine xenograft tumors. Area under the curve and principal component analysis features were calculated and clustered separately using Gaussian mixture modelling. Evaluation metrics were calculated to determine the optimum feature set and cluster number. Outputs were quantitatively compared with a previous non data‐driven approach.ResultsThe optimum method located six robustly identifiable clusters in the data, yielding tumor region maps with spatially contiguous regions in a rim‐core structure, suggesting a biological basis. Mean within‐cluster enhancement curves showed physiologically distinct, intuitive kinetics of enhancement. Regions of DCE/OE‐MRI enhancement mismatch were located, and voxel categorization agreed well with the previous non data‐driven approach (Cohen's kappa = 0.61, proportional agreement = 0.75).ConclusionThe proposed method locates similar regions to the previous published method of binarization of DCE/OE‐MRI enhancement, but renders a finer segmentation of intra‐tumoral oxygenation and perfusion. This could aid in understanding the tumor microenvironment and its heterogeneity. Magn Reson Med 79:2236–2245, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Translation and validation of the arabic version of the revised 15‐item myasthenia gravis quality‐of‐life questionnaire
Authors: Alanazy Mohammed H. , Abuzinadah Ahmad R. , Muayqil Taim 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We sought to translate, culturally adapt, and assess the Arabic version of the 15‐item myasthenia gravis quality‐of‐life revised scale (MGQOL15R). Methods: We assessed reliability with Cronbach α; reproducibility with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); validity with Spearman correlations for myasthenia gravis (MG)‐specific activities of daily living (MG‐ADL), MG composite (MGC) score, and MG manual muscle test (MG‐MMT) and with MGQOL15R in patients with different disease severity through the Kruskal–Wallis test; and sensitivity to change with Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Results: In 65 enrolled patients, the mean MGQOL15R score was 10.84 ± 8.11 (α = 0.94, ICC = 0.95). The correlation coefficients between MGQOL15R and MGC, MG‐ADL, and MG‐MMT scores were 0.75, 0.75, and 0.74, respectively (P < 0.001). MGQOL15R scores were significantly higher (worse) in patients with more severe disease at baseline and significantly lower (better) in improved patients at follow‐up. Discussion: The Arabic version of MGQOL15R is valid, reliable, stable, and sensitive to changes. Muscle Nerve 57: 581–585, 2018
The adaptive response of skeletal muscle: What is the evidence?
Authors: Salmons Stanley 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTAdult skeletal muscle is capable of adapting its properties in response to changing functional demands. This now sounds like a statement of the obvious, and many people assume it has always been this way. A mere 40 years ago, however, the picture was entirely different. In this Review and personal memoir, I outline the scientific context in which the theory was generated, the objections to it from entrenched opinion, and the way those objections were progressively met. The material should be of some historical interest, but, more importantly, it collects together the full range of evidence on which the current paradigm is based. Muscle Nerve 57: 531–541, 2018
Damage identification using inverse analysis in coupled thermo‐hydro‐mechanical problems applied to masonry dams
Authors: Nguyen‐Tuan Long , Könke Carsten , Bettzieche Volker , Lahmer Tom 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a method to detect the damage and estimate the degree of damage by means of a multifield‐based inverse analysis. The fields being considered are displacement, temperature, and water pressure. Furthermore, the uncertainties due to the size of the damage, the errors in the measurement data, and the errors in the model parameters are also investigated. The uncertainty due to the measurements is quantified by assuming different sources of noise in the measurements. The inverse problem is solved repeatedly by a sampling process. The uncertainties in the inverse solutions can be quantified by their probability distributions. This method can be applied to identify damages in masonry dams using coupled nonlinear thermo‐hydro‐mechanical problems.
NFV‐FD: Implementation of a failure detector using network virtualization technology
Authors: Turchetti Rogerio C. , Duarte Jr. Elias P. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryA failure detector (FD) is a classic distributed systems service that can be used to monitor processes of any network application. Failure detectors provide process state information: A process is reported to be either correct or suspected to have crashed. In this work, we propose the implementation of a process monitoring service using Network Function Virtualization (NFV) in an OpenFlow network. The NFV is a technology that uses software virtualization techniques to drastically reduce the cost of deploying and managing network functions that are usually available as middleboxes. We describe NFV‐FD, a network service that provides information about the state of both processes and links. The NFV‐FD relies on an OpenFlow controller from which monitoring information is obtained. We investigate different ways to implement NFV‐FD. We evaluate the performance impact of monitoring by implementing the virtual function both within and on a separate host from the controller. Then we compare an implementation based on a traditional virtual machine with another implementation based on containers. Experimental results are reported not only in terms of performance, ie, the amount of resources required by NFV‐FD, but also for the quality of service provided by the failure detection and notification functions as they are used to deploy a reliable broadcast service.
Patient involvement for improved patient safety: A qualitative study of nurses’ perceptions and experiences
Authors: Skagerström Janna , Ericsson Carin , Nilsen Per , Ekstedt Mirjam , Schildmeijer Kristina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimTo explore nurses’ perceptions and experiences of patient involvement relevant to patient safety.DesignQualitative design using individual semi‐structured interviews.MethodsInterviews with registered nurses (n = 11) and nurse assistants (n = 8) were conducted in 2015–2016. Nurses were recruited from five different healthcare units in Sweden. The material was analysed using conventional content analysis.ResultsThe analysis resulted in four categories: healthcare professionals’ ways of influencing patient involvement for safer care; patients’ ways of influencing patient involvement for safer care; barriers to patient involvement for safer care; and relevance of patient involvement for safer care. The nurses expressed that patient involvement is a shared responsibility. They also emphasized that healthcare provider has a responsibility to create opportunities for the patient to participate. According to the nurses, involvement can be hindered by factors related to the patient, the healthcare provider and the healthcare system. However, respondents expressed that patient involvement can lead to safer care and benefits for individual patients.
The Design of Radical Stacks: Nitronyl‐Nitroxide‐Substituted Heteropentacenes
Authors: Tretyakov Evgeny , Keerthi Ashok , Baumgarten Martin , Veber Sergey , Fedin Matvey , Gorbunov Dmitry , Shundrina Inna , Gritsan Nina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe first alkyl chain‐anchored heteropentacene, dithieno[2,3‐d;2′,3′‐d′]benzo‐[1,2‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene (DTmBDT), mono‐ or disubstituted with a nitronyl nitroxide group has been prepared through a cross‐coupling synthetic procedure of the corresponding dibromo‐derivative (Br2‐DTmBDT) with a nitronyl nitroxide‐2‐ide gold(I) complex. The synthesized nitroxides possess high kinetic stability, which allowed us to investigate their structure and thermal, optical, electrochemical, and magnetic properties. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction of both mono‐ and diradicals revealed that the nitronyl nitroxide group lies almost in the same plane as the nearest side thiophene ring. Such arrangement favors formation of edge‐to‐edge dimers, which then form close π‐stacks surrounded by interdigitating alkyl chains. Before melting, these nitronyl nitroxide radical substituted molecules undergo at least two different phase transitions (PTs): for the monoradical, PTs are reversible, accompanied by hysteresis, and occur near 13 and 83 °C; the diradical upon heating shows a reversible PT with hysteresis in the temperature range 2–11 °C and an irreversible PT near 135 °C. PTs of this type are absent in Br2‐DTmBDT. Therefore, the step‐by‐step substitution of bromine atoms by nitronyl nitroxide groups changes the structural organization of DTmBDT and induces the emergence of PTs. This knowledge may facilitate crystal engineering of π‐stacked paramagnets and related molecular spin devices.
Synthesis of naringin‐based polymer brushes via seATRP
Authors: Chmielarz Paweł 
Published: August 2017

The flavonoid‐based macromolecule initiator was prepared for the first time by the transesterification reaction of naringin with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide. In accordance with the “grafting from” methodology, a naringin‐based copolymer brush with a polar naringenine‐7‐rhamnosidoglucoside core and an amphiphilic poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PMMA‐b‐PNIPAM) side chains was synthesized for the first time via a simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP (seATRP), utilizing only 40 ppm of catalytic complex. The rate of the polymerizations was controlled by applying optimal potential or current values during preparative electrolysis to prevent the possibility of intermolecular coupling of the growing polymer brushes. Naturally derived polymer brushes showed narrow molecular weight distributions (Đ = 1.06−1.08). 1H NMR spectral results confirm the formation of citrus‐based polymer brushes. These new naringin‐based polymer materials may find biomedical applications as thermo‐sensitive drug delivery systems, membranes, and biologically active thin films in tissue engineering.
The Proteome of Ulcerative Colitis in Colon Biopsies from Adults ‐ Optimized Sample Preparation and Comparison with Healthy Controls
Authors: Schniers Armin , Anderssen Endre , Fenton Christopher Graham , Goll Rasmus , Pasing Yvonne , Paulssen Ruth Hracky , Florholmen Jon , Hansen Terkel 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to optimize the sample preparation and to further use an improved sample preparation to identify proteome differences between inflamed ulcerative colitis tissue from untreated adults and healthy controls.Experimental designTo optimize the sample preparation, we studied the effect of adding different detergents to a urea containing lysis buffer for a Lys‐C/trypsin tandem digestion. With the optimized method, we prepared clinical samples from six ulcerative colitis patients and six healthy controls and analysed them by LC‐MS/MS. We examined the acquired data to identify differences between the states.ResultsWe improved the protein extraction and protein identification number by utilizing a urea and sodium deoxycholate containing buffer. Comparing ulcerative colitis and healthy tissue, we found 168 of 2366 identified proteins differently abundant. Inflammatory proteins are higher abundant in ulcerative colitis, proteins related to anion‐transport and mucus production are lower abundant. A high proportion of S100 proteins is differently abundant, notably with both up‐regulated and down‐regulated proteins.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThe optimized sample preparation method will improve future proteomic studies on colon mucosa. The observed protein abundance changes and their enrichment in various groups improve our understanding of ulcerative colitis on protein level.
Rules for connectivity of secondary structure elements in protein: Two–layer αβ sandwiches
Authors: Minami Shintaro , Chikenji George , Ota Motonori 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn protein structures, the fold is described according to the spatial arrangement of secondary structure elements (SSEs: α‐helices and β‐strands) and their connectivity. The connectivity or the pattern of links among SSEs is one of the most important factors for understanding the variety of protein folds. In this study, we introduced the connectivity strings that encode the connectivities by using the types, positions, and connections of SSEs, and computationally enumerated all the connectivities of two‐layer αβ sandwiches. The calculated connectivities were compared with those in natural proteins determined using MICAN, a nonsequential structure comparison method. For 2α‐4β, among 23,000 of all connectivities, only 48 were free from irregular connectivities such as loop crossing. Of these, only 20 were found in natural proteins and the superfamilies were biased toward certain types of connectivities. A similar disproportional distribution was confirmed for most of other spatial arrangements of SSEs in the two‐layer αβ sandwiches. We found two connectivity rules that explain the bias well: the abundances of interlayer connecting loops that bridge SSEs in the distinct layers; and nonlocal β‐strand pairs, two spatially adjacent β‐strands located at discontinuous positions in the amino acid sequence. A two‐dimensional plot of these two properties indicated that the two connectivity rules are not independent, which may be interpreted as a rule for the cooperativity of proteins.
How far is a long distance? An assessment of the issue of scale in the relationship between limiting long‐term illness and long‐distance migration in England and Wales
Authors: Wilding Sam , Martin David , Moon Graham 
Published: August 2017

AbstractResearch consistently shows that those in poor health are less likely to migrate over long distances, but analyses rarely consider what constitutes a long distance in this context. Additionally, the migration literature often fails to account for place of residence effects on migration behaviour. This paper addresses these issues through analysis of the distance of residential moves by working age adults in the year preceding the 2011 Census. Multilevel logistic regression models predict the odds of having moved long‐distance relative to short distance, for different definitions of long distance: ≥10 km, ≥20 km and ≥50 km. We test whether those reporting a limiting long‐term illness (LLTI) are less likely to move long distance in all models, controlling for local authority at the time of the 2011 Census. We find no evidence for health selection in long‐distance migration in the 10 and 20 km models, but uncover a significant effect in the 50 km model. By age, the odds of having moved long distance do not vary for middle‐working age adults (25–54) by LLTI, whereas those with an LLTI in the pre‐retirement age group (55–64) are less likely to move long distance in all models. We uncover clusters of local authorities where those with an LLTI are more likely to have moved long distance in the 10 and 20 km models, but in the 50 km model, only two of these areas remain significantly positive. We conclude that health selection in distances moved occurs above a cut‐off somewhere between 20 and 50 km.
Variation in mortality among migrants from Islamic countries: Do religious holidays and socio‐economic situation affect mortality rates?
Authors: Östh John 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe number of migrants to Sweden from the Middle East and the Horn of Africa has increased strongly over the last decades. Many of these migrants come as refugees from regions of conflict, with limited social and financial resources, and many of the migrants face discrimination on labour market. Most newly arrived migrants find their homes in poor suburbs in the outskirts of the metropolitan regions in Sweden. In this paper, the mortality rates for all immigrants from predominately Islamic countries that officially resided in Sweden at any time between 1991 and 2010 are analysed using Cox proportional hazard regressions. The research questions in this paper focus on finding the associations between mortality rate and socio‐economic situations as well as the relationship between seasonal variations in religious activity and mortality. This large‐scale longitudinal study reveals that for men, especially men between 16 and 55 years of age, mortality rates are significantly lowered during Ramadan. Other factors affecting mortality rates include being a recent immigrant, civil, employment, and educational status as well as residing in immigrant dense areas.
Stability of an Aqueous Extract of Larrea divaricata Cav. during a Simulated Digestion Process
Authors: Alonso María Rosario , Peralta Ignacio , Monti Demian , Martino Renzo , Anesini Claudia 
Published: August 2017

Larrea divaricata Cav. (Zygophyllaceae) is a South American plant widely distributed in Argentina that is used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. The aqueous extract is known to have well‐documented biological activities such as antitumour, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and antioxidant. However, its stability in gastrointestinal fluids is unknown. The latter is an important factor to assure the bioavailability of plant extracts intended to be administered via the oral route. The aim of this work was to study the stability of a lyophilized aqueous extract of L. divaricata compressed as a pill. To this end, the main polyphenol compound found in the extract, that is, the nordihydroguaiaretic acid, the total polyphenols and flavonoids content and the antioxidant activity such as diphenylpicrylhydrazyl scavenger activity and reducing power were assayed after subjecting the extract to different incubation times in simulated digestive fluids. The HPLC and spectroscopic methods were employed. Although the levels of polyphenols and flavonoids decreased upon incubation in gastric and intestinal fluids, the extract maintained its antioxidant activity related to the presence of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. These results are promising and encourage the potential use of the extract by the oral route as a supplement or phytomedicine with antioxidant activity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methods for interpreting the out‐of‐control signal of multivariate control charts: A comparison study
Authors: Bersimis Sotiris , Sgora Aggeliki , Psarakis Stelios 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMultivariate control charts have proved to be a useful tool for identifying an out‐of‐control process. However, one of the main drawbacks of these charts is that they do not indicate which measured variables have been shifted. To overcome this issue, several alternative approaches that aim to diagnose faults the responsible variable(s) for the out‐of‐control signal and help identify aberrant variables may be found in the literature. This paper reviews several techniques that are used to diagnose the responsible variable(s) for the out‐of‐control signal and attempt to make a comparative study among them. In particular, we evaluate the performance of each method under different simulation scenarios in terms of successful identification of the out‐of‐control variables. Special attention has also been given to the computational approaches and especially in the ability of artificial neural networks to identify out‐of‐control signals. The obtained results show that: there is no particular method that can be considered as panacea; the artificial neural networks' performance depends heavily on the training data set.
Solvothermal Synthesis of CuFe2O4@rGO: Efficient Catalyst for C‐O Cross Coupling and N‐arylation Reaction under Ligand‐Free Condition
Authors: Nakhate Akhil V. , Yadav Ganapati D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we report copper ferrite supported reduced graphene oxide (CuFe2O4@rGO) synthesis by solvothermal process. The prepared CuFe2O4@rGO catalyst was used for C‐O and C‐N cross coupling reactions. The activity of the catalyst was compared with commercial Cu2O, CuOand CuFe2O4 for C‐O cross coupling of iodobenzene with phenol. CuFe2O4@rGO was the best catalyst with 97% conversion towards iodobenzene at 100°C under ligand free condition which is otherwise normally used. The virgin and five times reused CuFe2O4@rGO catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, TEM, N2‐adsorption desorption isotherm, XPS and TGA analysis. The effect of solvent, nature of base, speed of agitation, mole ratio, catalyst loading and temperature was studied for phenol and iodobenzene reaction and its activity was further explored in N‐arylation of indole with idobenzene. The best conversion and yield were achieved at 100 °C at 1×10‐3 g/cm3 catalyst loading. Notably, CuFe2O4@rGO was reusable without any loss of catalytic activity for five recycles. Reaction mechanism and kinetics are also presented. The overall process is novel and green.