bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrast‐enhancing tumor growth dynamics of preoperative, treatment‐naive human glioblastoma
Authors: Ellingson Benjamin M. , Nguyen Huytram N. , Lai Albert , Nechifor Ruben E. , Zaw Okkar , Pope Whitney B. , Yong William H. , Nghiemphu Phioanh L. , Liau Linda M. , Cloughesy Timothy F. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDLittle is known about the natural growth characteristics of untreated glioblastoma before surgical or therapeutic intervention, because patients are rapidly treated after preliminary radiographic diagnosis. Understanding the growth characteristics of uninhibited human glioblastoma may be useful for characterizing changes in response to therapy. Thus, the objective of the current study was to explore tumor growth dynamics in a cohort of patients with untreated glioblastoma before surgical or therapeutic intervention.METHODSNinety‐five patients with glioblastoma who had measurable enhancing disease on >2 magnetic resonance imaging scans before surgery were identified. Tumor growth rates were quantified in 4 different ways (the percentage change per day, the absolute rate of change per day, the estimated volumetric doubling time, and the radial expansion rate) using 3 different approaches (bidirectional product, enhancing disease, and total lesion volume).RESULTSThe median volumetric doubling time was 21.1 days, the percentage change in tumor volume was 2.1% per day, and the rate of change in total lesion volume was 0.18 cc per day. The length of follow‐up between magnetic resonance imaging examinations should be >28 days to detect progressive disease with high specificity. Small initial tumor sizes (<3 cm in greatest dimension) are biased toward a large percentage change at follow‐up.CONCLUSIONSPresurgical, treatment‐naive glioblastoma growth dynamics can be estimated in a variety of ways with similar results. The percentage changes in tumor size and volume depend on baseline tumor size and the time interval between scans. Cancer 2016;122:1718‐27. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Early impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on insurance among young adults with cancer: Analysis of the dependent insurance provision
Authors: Parsons Helen M. , Schmidt Susanne , Tenner Laura L. , Bang Heejung , Keegan Theresa H.M. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) included provisions to extend dependent health care coverage up to the age of 26 years in 2010. The authors examined the early impact of the ACA (before the implementation of insurance exchanges in 2014) on insurance rates in young adults with cancer, a historically underinsured group.METHODSUsing National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data for 18 cancer registries, the authors examined insurance rates before (pre) (January 2007‐September 2010) versus after (post) (October 2010‐December 2012) dependent insurance provisions among young adults aged 18 to 29 years when diagnosed with cancer during 2007 through 2012. Using multivariate generalized mixed effect models, the authors conducted difference‐in‐differences analysis to examine changes in overall and Medicaid insurance after the ACA among young adults who were eligible (those aged 18‐25 years) and ineligible (those aged 26‐29 years) for policy changes.RESULTSAmong 39,632 young adult cancer survivors, the authors found an increase in overall insurance rates in those aged 18 to 25 years after the dependent provisions (83.5% for pre‐ACA vs 85.4% for post‐ACA; P<.01), but not among individuals aged 26 to 29 years (83.4% for pre‐ACA vs 82.9% for post‐ACA; P = .38). After adjusting for patient sociodemographics and cancer characteristics, the authors found that those aged 18 to 25 years had a 3.1% increase in being insured compared with individuals aged 26 to 29 years (P<.01); however, there were no significant changes noted in Medicaid enrollment (P = .17).CONCLUSIONSThe findings of the current study identify an increase in insurance rates for young adults aged 18 to 25 years compared with those aged 26 to 29 years (1.9% vs ‐0.5%) that was not due to increases in Medicaid enrollment, thereby demonstrating a positive impact of the ACA dependent care provisions on insurance rates in this population. Cancer 2016;122:1766‐73. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
rFRET: A comprehensive, Matlab‐based program for analyzing intensity‐based ratiometric microscopic FRET experiments
Authors: Nagy Peter , Szabó Ágnes , Váradi Tímea , Kovács Tamás , Batta Gyula , Szöllősi János 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFluorescence or Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) remains one of the most widely used methods for assessing protein clustering and conformation. Although it is a method with solid physical foundations, many applications of FRET fall short of providing quantitative results due to inappropriate calibration and controls. This shortcoming is especially valid for microscopy where currently available tools have limited or no capability at all to display parameter distributions or to perform gating. Since users of multiparameter flow cytometry usually apply these tools, the absence of these features in applications developed for microscopic FRET analysis is a significant limitation. Therefore, we developed a graphical user interface‐controlled Matlab application for the evaluation of ratiometric, intensity‐based microscopic FRET measurements. The program can calculate all the necessary overspill and spectroscopic correction factors and the FRET efficiency and it displays the results on histograms and dot plots. Gating on plots and mask images can be used to limit the calculation to certain parts of the image. It is an important feature of the program that the calculated parameters can be determined by regression methods, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and from summed intensities in addition to pixel‐by‐pixel evaluation. The confidence interval of calculated parameters can be estimated using parameter simulations if the approximate average number of detected photons is known. The program is not only user‐friendly, but it provides rich output, it gives the user freedom to choose from different calculation modes and it gives insight into the reliability and distribution of the calculated parameters. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Cognitive radio network with continuous energy‐harvesting
Authors: Bhowmick Abhijit , Roy Sanjay Dhar , Kundu Sumit 
Published: March 2016

SummaryIn this paper, the performance of a cooperative cognitive radio (CR) network is investigated under continuous energy harvesting scenario. A CR node harvests energy from both the sources: non‐radio frequency (RF) signal (ambient sources) or from RF signal (primary user signal). It harvests from non‐RF signal during sensing time of its detection cycle, and from both the sources, RF signal and non‐RF signal, during transmission time as per sensing decision. Several novel analytical expressions are developed to indicate the harvested energy, energy reward, energy cost in a detection frame, and throughput. The performance of the CR network is investigated to maximize the throughput considering energy causality constraints and collision constraints. Analytical results are validated through extensive simulation results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adolescent experience affects postnatal ultrasonic vocalizations and gene expression in future offspring
Authors: Bodi Caroline M. , Vassoler Fair M. , Byrnes Elizabeth M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe present study measured postnatal ultrasonic vocalization (USV) and gene expression to examine potential changes in communication and/or attachment in the offspring of mothers exposed to morphine during adolescence. Offspring of morphine‐exposed (Mor‐F1), saline‐exposed (Sal‐F1), or non‐handled control (Con‐F1) female Sprague–Dawley rats were tested for separation‐induced distress calls and maternal potentiation of distress calls during early postnatal development. We also examined relative expression of dopamine D2 receptor and mu opioid receptor (oprm1) mRNA in the nucleus accumbens and hypothalamus in these offspring, as their activity has been implicated in the regulation of postnatal USV in response to maternal separation. The findings indicate that adolescent experiences of future mothers, including their 10 daily saline or morphine injections, can result in significant region‐specific differences in gene expression. In addition, these experiences resulted in fewer numbers of separation‐induced distress calls produced by offspring. In contrast, augmented maternal potentiation was only observed in Mor‐F1 offspring. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58:714–723, 2016.
The phylogeography of Fagus hayatae (Fagaceae): genetic isolation among populations
Authors: Ying Ling‐Xiao , Zhang Ting‐Ting , Chiu Ching‐An , Chen Tze‐Ying , Luo Shu‐Jin , Chen Xiao‐Yong , Shen Ze‐Hao 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe beech species Fagus hayatae is an important relict tree species in subtropical China, whose biogeographical patterns may reflect floral responses to climate change in this region during the Quaternary. Previous studies have revealed phylogeography for three of the four Fagus species in China, but study on F. hayatae, the most sparsely distributed of these species, is still lacking. Here, molecular methods based on eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci of nuclear DNA (nDNA) and three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences were applied for analyses of genetic diversity and structure in 375 samples from 14 F. hayatae populations across its whole range. Both nDNA and cpDNA indicated a high level of genetic diversity in this species. Significant fixation indexes and departures from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, with a genetic differentiation parameter of Rst of 0.233, were detected in nDNA SSR loci among populations, especially those on Taiwan Island, indicating strong geographic partitioning. The populations were classified into two clusters, without a prominent signal of isolation‐by‐distance. For the 15 haplotypes detected in the cpDNA sequence fragments, there was a high genetic differentiation parameter (Gst = 0.712) among populations. A high Gst of 0.829 was also detected outside but not within the Sichuan Basin. Consistent with other Fagus species in China, no recent population expansion was detected from tests of neutrality and mismatch distribution analysis. Overall, genetic isolation with limited gene flow was prominent for this species and significant phylogeographic structures existed across its range except for those inside the Sichuan Basin. Our study suggested long‐term geographic isolation in F. hayatae with limited population admixture and the existence of multiple refugia in the mountainous regions of the Sichuan Basin and southeast China during the Quaternary. These results may provide useful information critical for the conservation of F. hayatae and other Chinese beech species.
Sensorless Vector Control of Induction Motors Using Minimum Dimensional Flux D‐State Observer with Instantaneous Speed Estimation
Authors: SHINNAKA SHINJI 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a new sensorless vector control method for induction motors using a minimum dimensional flux D‐state observer with instantaneous speed estimation. First, the D‐state observer with a new design rule of constant observer gains is established in a different way. Second, a new speed estimator using flux estimates produced by the observer is established on the basis of the fundamental relationship between the rotor flux and the slip frequency. Speed estimates are reused in the observer as feedback. Characteristic analyses and the usefulness of the proposed vector control method are verified by simulations.
Landscape preservation under post‐European settlement alluvium in the south‐eastern Australian tablelands, inferred from portable OSL reader data
Authors: Portenga Eric W. , Bishop Paul , Gore Damian B , Westaway Kira E 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHuman land‐use changes leading to widespread erosion and gully incision have been well studied, but the effects that erosion and sediment mixing, which accompany the deposition of post‐(European) settlement alluvium (PSA), have in valley bottoms and wetlands receive considerably less attention. PSA overlying pre‐disturbance swampy meadow (SM) wetland sediments is commonly exposed along incised stream channel gully walls throughout the south‐eastern Australian Tablelands, providing an ideal setting in which to assess and understand better how PSA deposition affects valley bottoms and the wetland environments that often occupy them. Portable optically stimulated luminescence (pOSL) reader data were measured on bulk sediment samples from SM‐PSA stratigraphies at 16 locations throughout the south‐eastern Australian Tablelands to assess the effects of erosion and sediment mixing at the SM‐PSA boundary. Trends of pOSL data with depth at each profile were used in conjunction with visual profile descriptions to identify the stratigraphic boundary between SM and PSA sediment and to infer the degree of valley bottom erosion and sediment mixing during PSA deposition. At most sites, SM sediments experienced minimal, if any, disturbance during PSA deposition, and we refer to these as non‐eroded sites. Many sites, however, experienced a significant degree of erosion and sediment mixing – eroded sites – often corresponding to visually diffuse sedimentary boundaries between the two stratigraphic units. Our findings demonstrate that SM landscapes in the Tablelands can be preserved with minimal disturbance under PSA at non‐eroded sites and are preserved beneath a mixing zone at all eroded sites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Ethics of Infection Challenges in Primates
Authors: Barnhill Anne , Joffe Steven , Miller Franklin G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn the midst of the recent Ebola outbreak, scientific developments involving infection challenge experiments on nonhuman primates (NHPs) sparked hope that successful treatments and vaccines may soon become available. Yet these studies pose a stark ethical quandary. On the one hand, they represent an important step in developing novel therapies and vaccines for Ebola and the Marburg virus, with the potential to save thousands of human lives and to protect whole communities from devastation; on the other hand, they intentionally expose sophisticated animals to severe suffering and a high risk of death. Other studies that infect NHPs with a lethal disease in order to test interventions that may prove beneficial for humans pose the same ethical difficulty. Some advocates have argued that all research on primates should be phased out, and ethicists have questioned whether a moral justification of primate research is possible. A 2010 European Union directive banned virtually all research on great apes, and 2013 guidelines from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), based upon recommendations in an influential 2011 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, eliminated most biomedical research with chimpanzees in the United States. But studies involving other NHPs face no comparable restrictions.Should research on NHPs other than great apes be subject to tighter restrictions than it currently is? In this article, we explore this general question in the context of one particular type of biomedical research: infection challenge studies. We advocate a presumptive prohibition on infection challenge experiments in NHPs, but we also argue that exceptions to this prohibition are permissible, subject to strict substantive and procedural safeguards, when necessary to avert substantial loss of human life or severe morbidity for a substantial number of people.
Human papillomavirus integration pattern and demographic, clinical, and survival characteristics of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lim Ming Yann , Dahlstrom Kristina R. , Sturgis Erich M. , Li Guojun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), reported rates of HPV integration into the host genome vary. Among patients with oropharyngeal SCC, we determined differences in demographic, clinical, and survival characteristics between those with integrated and episomal HPV.MethodsThe analysis included patients with newly diagnosed oropharyngeal SCC presenting to one institution during 1996 to 2011. HPV‐positive samples were classified according to HPV physical state as integrated, episomal, or mixed. Overall, progression‐free, and disease‐specific survival, distant metastasis rate, and second primary malignancy rate were calculated.ResultsAmong 307 patients, 179 had HPV‐positive tumors. Of these, 22 (12%) had episomal, 42 (24%) had integrated, and 115 (64%) had mixed HPV. Among the 3 subgroups, there were no significant differences in demographic, clinical, or survival characteristics.ConclusionThe majority of HPV‐positive oropharyngeal SCCs have either integrated or both episomal and integrated HPV with no significant differences in survival among the groups. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1139–1144, 2016
Validation of the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale definition of response for adults with major depressive disorder using equipercentile linking to Clinical Global Impression scale ratings: analysis of Pharmacogenomic Research Network Antidepressant Medication Pharmacogenomic Study (PGRN‐AMPS) data
Authors: Bobo William V. , Angleró Gabriela C. , Jenkins Gregory , Hall‐Flavin Daniel K. , Weinshilboum Richard , Biernacka Joanna M. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveThe study aimed to define thresholds of clinically significant change in 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS‐17) scores using the Clinical Global Impression‐Improvement (CGI‐I) Scale as a gold standard.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of individual patient data from the Pharmacogenomic Research Network Antidepressant Medication Pharmacogenomic Study, an 8‐week, single‐arm clinical trial of citalopram or escitalopram treatment of adults with major depression. We used equipercentile linking to identify levels of absolute and percent change in HDRS‐17 scores that equated with scores on the CGI‐I at 4 and 8 weeks. Additional analyses equated changes in the HDRS‐7 and Bech‐6 scale scores with CGI‐I scores.ResultsA CGI‐I score of 2 (much improved) corresponded to an absolute decrease (improvement) in HDRS‐17 total score of 11 points and a percent decrease of 50–57%, from baseline values. Similar results were observed for percent change in HDRS‐7 and Bech‐6 scores. Larger absolute (but not percent) decreases in HDRS‐17 scores equated with CGI‐I scores of 2 in persons with higher baseline depression severity.ConclusionsOur results support the consensus definition of response based on HDRS‐17 scores (>50% decrease from baseline). A similar definition of response may apply to the HDRS‐7 and Bech‐6. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to Identify and Forecast Bull and Bear Markets?
Authors: Kole Erik , van Dijk Dick 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBecause the state of the equity market is latent, several methods have been proposed to identify past and current states of the market and forecast future ones. These methods encompass semi‐parametric rule‐based methods and parametric Markov switching models. We compare the mean‐variance utilities that result when a risk‐averse agent uses the predictions of the different methods in an investment decision. Our application of this framework to the S&P 500 shows that rule‐based methods are preferable for (in‐sample) identification of the state of the market, but Markov switching models for (out‐of‐sample) forecasting. In‐sample, only the mean return of the market index matters, which rule‐based methods exactly capture. Because Markov switching models use both the mean and the variance to infer the state, they produce superior forecasts and lead to significantly better out‐of‐sample performance than rule‐based methods. We conclude that the variance is a crucial ingredient for forecasting the market state. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The neurotoxicity of DE‐71: effects on neural development and impairment of serotonergic signaling in zebrafish larvae
Authors: Wang Xianfeng , Yang Lihua , Wang Qiangwei , Guo Yongyong , Li Na , Ma Mei , Zhou Bingsheng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe underlying mechanism of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE)‐induced neurotoxicity is still a major concern due to its ubiquitous nature and persistence. Here, zebrafish embryos (2 h postfertilization, hpf) were exposed to different concentrations of the commercial PBDE mixture DE‐71 (0–100 µg l–1) until 120 hpf, and the impact on neural development and serotonergic system was investigated. The in vivo results revealed significantly reduced transcription of genes involved in neurogenesis (fgf8, shha, wnt1), and contents of proteins in neuronal morphogenesis (myelin basic protein, synapsin IIa), suggesting an impairment of neural development in zebrafish embryos. Further results demonstrated a reduction of 5‐hydroxytryptamine neuron and a dose‐dependent decrease of whole‐body serotonin levels, as well as the transcription of genes involved in serotonergic synthesis (tph1, tph2, trhr) and neurotransmission (serta/b, htr1aa/b). In addition, we predicted possible targets of PBDEs by molecular docking, and the results indicated that PBDE congeners showed high binding affinities with fibroblast growth factor 8 other than SHH and HTR1B. Taken together, this study demonstrated that PBDE exposure during embryogenesis could damage neural development and cause impairment of the serotonergic system as secondary effects in the zebrafish larvae. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the quantitative accuracy of cerebral oxygen saturation in monitoring the injured brain using atlas based Near Infrared Spectroscopy models
Authors: Clancy Michael , Belli Antonio , Davies David , Lucas Samuel J. E. , Su Zhangjie , Dehghani Hamid 
Published: March 2016

The application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for the monitoring of the cerebral oxygen saturation within the brain is well established, albeit using temporal data that can only measure relative changes of oxygenation state of the brain from a baseline. The focus of this investigation is to demonstrate that hybridisation of existing near infrared probe designs and reconstruction techniques can pave the way to produce a system and methods that can be used to monitor the absolute oxygen saturation in the injured brain. Using registered Atlas models in simulation, a novel method is outlined by which the quantitative accuracy and practicality of NIRS for specific use in monitoring the injured brain, can be improved, with cerebral saturation being recovered to within 10.1 ± 1.8% of the expected values.
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