bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B‐Zell‐Lymphome der Haut – Pathogenese, Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Nicolay Jan P. , Wobser Marion 
Published: December 2016

ZusammenfassungPrimär kutane B‐Zell‐Lymphome (PCBCL) beschreiben reifzellige lymphoproliferative Erkrankungen der B‐Zell‐Reihe, die primär die Haut betreffen. Die Biologie und der klinische Verlauf der einzelnen PCBCL‐Subtypen variieren untereinander stark und unterscheiden sich grundsätzlich von primär nodalen und systemischen B‐Zell‐Lymphomen. Primär kutane Marginalzonenlymphome (PCMZL) und primäre kutane follikuläre Keimzentrumslymphome (PCFCL) werden auf Grund ihres unkomplizierten Verlaufs und ihrer exzellenten Prognose zu den indolenten PCBCL gezählt. Demgegenüber stellen die diffus großzelligen B‐Zell‐Lymphome, hauptsächlich vom Beintyp (DLBCL, LT) die aggressiveren PCBCL‐Varianten mit schlechterer Prognose dar. Für die Ausbreitungsdiagnostik und die Therapieentscheidung sind eine genaue histologische und immunhistochemische Klassifizierung sowie der Ausschluss einer systemischen Beteiligung in Abgrenzung zu nodalen oder systemischen Lymphomen notwendig. Die Diagnostik sollte dabei durch molekularbiologische Untersuchungen unterstützt werden. Therapeutisch stehen für die indolenten PCBCL primär operative und radioonkologische Maßnahmen im Vordergrund sowie eine Systemtherapie mit dem CD20‐Antikörper Rituximab bei disseminiertem Befall. Die aggressiveren Varianten sollten in erster Linie mit Kombinationen aus Rituximab und Polychemotherapieschemata wie z. B. dem CHOP‐Schema oder Modifikationen davon behandelt werden. Auf Grund der in allen seinen Einzelheiten noch nicht vollständig verstandenen Pathogenese und Biologie sowie des begrenzten Therapiespektrums der PCBCL besteht hier, speziell beim DLBCL, LT, noch erheblicher Forschungsbedarf.
Interpersonal movement synchrony facilitates pro‐social behavior in children's peer‐play
Authors: Tunçgenç Bahar , Cohen Emma 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe emergence of pro‐social behaviors and social interaction skills is a major focus of research on children's development. Here, we consider one important feature of human social interactions, interpersonal movement synchrony, and explore its effects on pro‐sociality among young children. Coordinated movements are a crucial part of mother–infant interactions, with important social effects extending well into childhood. Musical interactions are also known to facilitate bonding between infants and caretakers and pro‐sociality among peers. We specifically examine the pro‐social effects of interpersonal movement synchrony in a naturalistic peer‐play context among 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children. We assessed the amount of helping behavior between pairs of children following an activity that they performed synchronously or non‐synchronously. Children who engaged in synchronous play, as compared with non‐synchronous play, showed significantly more subsequent spontaneous helping behavior. Further, more mutual smiling and eye contact were observed in the synchronous condition and amounts of mutual smiling and eye contact during the movement task correlated with amount of helping behavior observed. Neither measure mediated the condition‐wise effects on helping, however. These results are discussed in terms of their contribution to existing literature and their broader implications for the development of pro‐sociality and coordinated movements in early childhood.
Punishment of Minor Female Genital Ritual Procedures: Is the Perfect the Enemy of the Good?
Authors: Jacobs Allan J. , Arora Kavita Shah 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFemale genital alteration (FGA) is any cutting, removal or destruction of any part of the external female genitalia. Various FGA practices are common throughout the world. While most frequent in Africa and Asia, transglobal migration has brought ritual FGA to Western nations. All forms of FGA are generally considered undesirable for medical and ethical reasons when performed on minors. One ritual FGA procedure is the vulvar nick (VN). This is a small laceration to the vulva that does not cause morphological changes. Besides being performed as a primary ritual procedure it has been proposed as a substitute for more extensive forms of FGA. Measures advocated or taken to reduce the burden of FGA can be punitive or non‐punitive. Even if it is unethical to perform VN, we argue that it also is unethical to attempt to suppress it through punishment. First, punishment of VN is likely to cause more harm than good overall, even to those ostensibly being protected. Second, punishment is likely to exceed legitimate retributive ends. We do not argue in favor of performing VN. Rather, we argue that non‐punitive strategies such as education and harm reduction should be employed.
The expanding microRNA world in psoriasis
Authors: Sonkoly Enikö 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPsoriasis skin lesions are characterized by dramatic changes in the transcriptome, reflecting altered activity of multiple signalling pathways in resident and infiltrating cells. miRNAs are small non‐coding RNAs that have a large impact on cellular functions by regulating multiple genes simultaneously, and they have been shown to play key roles in skin homoeostasis and inflammation. In this commentary to the review article “MicroRNAs in Psoriasis: Immunological Functions and Potential Biomarkers” by Liu et al., the role of miRNAs in psoriasis and their diagnostic and therapeutic potential are discussed and remaining unanswered questions are highlighted.
Melanocyte‐protective effect of afzelin is mediated by the Nrf2‐ARE signalling pathway via GSK‐3β inactivation
Authors: Jung Eunsun , Kim Jin Hee , Kim Mi Ok , Lee Sang Yeol , Lee Jongsung 
Published: December 2016

AbstractVitiligo is an acquired condition characterized by depigmented, cutaneous lesions that result from the death of pigment‐producing cells, melanocytes. The occurrence of oxidative stress has been proposed as a pathogenetic mechanism for melanocyte degeneration in vitiligo. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effects of afzelin against oxidative stress and its mechanism of action in human epidermal melanocytes. We found that afzelin significantly inhibited hydrogen peroxide‐induced cell death, cellular reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation in melanocytes. In an antioxidant response element (ARE)‐luciferase reporter assay, afzelin increased ARE‐luciferase reporter activity in a concentration‐dependent manner. Consistently, the expression of antioxidant genes, including NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), haem oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and catalase, was enhanced by afzelin treatment. Nuclear translocation of Nrf2 also increased in response to afzelin treatment. In addition, the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) was induced by afzelin treatment. The enhancement of HO‐1 gene expression by afzelin treatment was reduced by Nrf2‐siRNA expression. Furthermore, we found that the expression of Nrf2‐siRNA significantly attenuated the cytoprotective effect of afzelin against hydrogen peroxide. These data suggest that the cytoprotective effects of afzelin against hydrogen peroxide may be mediated by Nrf2‐ARE signalling via GSK‐3β inactivation. Our data suggest the novel use of afzelin for the prevention of oxidative stress‐induced damage in melanocytes and its potential as a therapeutic agent for vitiligo.
Basophils and mast cells are crucial for reactions due to epicutaneous sensitization to ovalbumin
Authors: Yu Rie , Igawa Ken , Handa Yutaro , Munetsugu Takichi , Satoh Takahiro , Yokozeki Hiroo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe prevalence of food allergies worldwide has increased recently. Epicutaneous sensitization to antigen could be a method to study food allergy. To clarify the mechanisms of food allergy, we established a mouse model of epicutaneous sensitization using ovalbumin (OVA). BALB/c mice were sensitized by three‐time application of OVA to tape‐stripped skin (1‐week sensitization at 2‐week intervals) and oral challenge of OVA undertaken. Rectal temperature was monitored. Blood and tissue (skin and jejunum) of challenged mice were taken. Numbers of mast cells (MCs) and basophils were counted. Serum and/or tissue levels of OVA ‐specific IgE and IgG antibodies and several cytokines were measured using enzyme‐linked immunoassay kits. MC and basophil depletion experiments were undertaken. In OVA/epicutaneous‐sensitized and orally challenged mice, systemic anaphylaxis (as evidenced by reduced rectal temperature) was observed. Levels of OVA‐specific IgE and IgG antibodies were increased in these mice, as were increased number of MCs and basophils. Serum levels of MC protease 1 were increased significantly. Basophil and MC depletion experiments revealed that they both participate in reactions. Increased production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) at skin sites of OVA sensitization was noted. We speculate that TSLP produced from epidermal cells during antigen sensitization can enable basophils to promote a T helper (Th)2 immune reaction, leading to and systemic anaphylaxis by antigen‐specific IgE‐bearing MCs. This TSLP‐basophils‐MC axis could be a novel therapeutic target against food allergy.
Effect of 12‐month weekly professional oral hygiene care on the composition of the oral flora in dentate, dependent elderly residents: A prospective study
Authors: Wikström Maude , Kareem Kawa L. , Almståhl Annica , Palmgren Erika , Lingström Peter , Wårdh Inger 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo study the effect of weekly professional oral hygiene care on the proportion of micro‐organisms associated with good oral health, caries, and periodontal and soft tissue diseases in oral biofilms in dentate, dependent elderly residents.BackgroundAssisted oral hygiene care reduces the plaque score and number of micro‐organisms in the oral biofilms in elderly residents. Less is known about the effect on the quality/composition of the remaining oral flora.Materials and methodsParticipants comprised 33 residents in the study and 35 in the control group. Dental status (≥10 natural teeth and no removable dentures to be included), plaque score, salivary secretion rate and prescription medicines were recorded. Duplicate samples, collected from supragingival plaque and tongue, were analysed using cultivation technique. Differences between and within groups were analysed using one‐way and two‐way ANOVA, respectively.ResultsAt the baseline, the number of teeth in the participants (mean age, 83.7 ± 7.4 years) was 22.0 ± 4.5. The number of prescription medicines was 9.4 ± 4.5. Seventy‐six per cent had low salivary secretion rate. Fifty per cent had “visible thick” supragingival plaque. At the 12‐month registration, “no visible” or “visible but thin” plaque was recorded in 92% in the study group. The proportions of bacteria associated with good oral health and periodontal diseases were decreased over time, while the frequency and proportions of micro‐organisms associated with caries and soft tissue infection were unaffected or increased.ConclusionThe results indicate that assisted oral hygiene care alone is not sufficient to regain an oral microbial flora associated with good oral health in dentate, dependent elderly residents.
Untangling the Association Between Migraine, Pain, and Anxiety: Examining Migraine and Generalized Anxiety Disorders in a Canadian Population Based Study
Authors: Fuller‐Thomson Esme , Jayanthikumar Janany , Agbeyaka Senyo K. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to investigate: (1) the prevalence and unadjusted and adjusted odds of 12‐month generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among adults with migraine in comparison to those without migraine; (2) If debilitating pain and/or limitations in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are mediators of the migraine‐GAD association; and (3) Factors associated with past year GAD among adults with migraine.MethodsSecondary data analysis of the nationally representative 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey‐Mental Health (CCHS‐MS), a population‐based survey of community dwellers with a response rate of 68.9%. The first subsample included those with (n = 2232) and without migraine (n = 19,270), and the second subsample was restricted to those with migraine (n = 2232). GAD was based on the WHO‐CIDI scale.ResultsFully, 6% of those with migraines had past year GAD in comparison of 2.1% of those without migraine (P < .001). The socio‐demographically adjusted odds of past year GAD were two and a half times higher among those with migraine than those without (OR= 2.46; 95% CI = 2.00, 3.02). A path analysis indicated that debilitating pain and limitations in IADLs were mediators in the relationship between migraine and GAD. In the sample restricted to migraineurs, the factors associated with higher odds of 12‐month GAD included having a university degree, having low income, being without a confidant, and being male.ConclusionsGeneralized anxiety disorder is robustly associated with migraine and targeted outreach and interventions are warranted.
An Independent Investigation of the Utility of the Learning Disability Screening Questionnaire (LDSQ) within a Community Learning Disability Team
Authors: Stirk Steven , Field Bryony , Black Jessica 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundThe Learning Disability Screening Questionnaire (LDSQ) has been shown to have high sensitivity and specificity to identify those who are likely to meet intellectual disability diagnostic criteria (McKenzie, et al. ). However, there is no independent research to date to support these findings.Materials and MethodsAn archival research design was used, utilizing data from diagnostic tools including the LDSQ, Wechsler Adult Intelligence assessments and Adaptive Behavior Assessment System Second Edition (ABAS‐II) scores.ResultsSensitivity and specificity values derived here were lower than those reported by (McKenzie, et al. ). Only IQ, not adaptive/social functioning, was found to be an accurate predictor of the LDSQ score.ConclusionsResults indicate limited validity in using (McKenzie, et al. ) proposed cut‐off scores. The authors have expressed caution around using the LDSQ in isolation to identify those with an intellectual disability.
Anger‐irritability as a mediator of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder risk for adolescent alcohol use and the contribution of coping skills
Authors: Harty Seth C. , Gnagy Elizabeth M. , Pelham William E. , Molina Brooke S.G. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundResearch on susceptibility to alcohol use disorder within the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) population has begun to expand examination of putative moderators and mediators in order to develop effective treatments. Specific dysregulated emotions have been separately associated with ADHD and with alcohol use difficulties. The current study is the first to conjointly study these variables by testing anger‐irritability as a mediator of ADHD risk for adolescent alcohol use.MethodsFrequency of binge drinking, drunkenness, and alcohol problems were examined for 142 children with ADHD followed into adolescence and compared to 100 demographically similar youth without ADHD. Parent‐rated anger‐irritability was tested as a mediator. Behavioral and cognitive coping skills, which are key clinical treatment targets, were studied as moderators of these associations.ResultsChildhood ADHD was positively associated with anger‐irritability and the drinking outcomes in adolescence. Anger‐irritability mediated the association between ADHD and alcohol use problems, but not binge drinking or drunkenness. Behavioral and cognitive, but not avoidant, coping played a moderating role, but only of the association between childhood ADHD and anger‐irritability.ConclusionsActive coping strategies by adolescents with ADHD may reduce the vulnerability to alcohol problems through a reduction of negative emotions. Future research on additional mediators and treatments that target these skills is encouraged.
The genetics of adaptation to discrete heterogeneous environments: frequent mutation or large‐effect alleles can allow range expansion
Authors: Gilbert K. J. , Whitlock M. C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRange expansions are complex evolutionary and ecological processes. From an evolutionary standpoint, a populations' adaptive capacity can determine the success or failure of expansion. Using individual‐based simulations, we model range expansion over a two‐dimensional, approximately continuous landscape. We investigate the ability of populations to adapt across patchy environmental gradients and examine how the effect sizes of mutations influence the ability to adapt to novel environments during range expansion. We find that genetic architecture and landscape patchiness both have the ability to change the outcome of adaptation and expansion over the landscape. Adaptation to new environments succeeds via many mutations of small effect or few of large effect, but not via the intermediate between these cases. Higher genetic variance contributes to increased ability to adapt, but an alternative route of successful adaptation can proceed from low genetic variance scenarios with alleles of sufficiently large effect. Steeper environmental gradients can prevent adaptation and range expansion on both linear and patchy landscapes. When the landscape is partitioned into local patches with sharp changes in phenotypic optimum, the local magnitude of change between subsequent patches in the environment determines the success of adaptation to new patches during expansion.
Quality of Life, Perceptions, and Health Satisfaction of Older Adults with End‐Stage Renal Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Balogun Seki A. , Balogun Rasheed , Philbrick John , Abdel‐Rahman Emaad 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo explore the quality of life (QOL), perceptions, and health satisfaction of older adults with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT).DesignSystematic review of literature.ParticipantsIndividuals with ESRD undergoing RRT aged 65 and older.MeasurementsArticles identified from PubMed database search from January 1994 to December 2014. The methodological quality of each of the selected articles was assessed using eight standards adapted from well‐established research quality review criteria.ResultsOf the initial 1,401 articles identified, 23 met the inclusion criteria. The age range of study participants examined was 65 to 90. Seventy‐eight percent of the studies met six or more of the methodological standards; 47% found overall health‐related and mental component summary QOL scores in elderly adults with ESRD to be similar to or higher than those of age‐matched controls or younger individuals, although the physical component summary QOL scores tended to be lower in older adults. Only six studies addressed health satisfaction and perceptions of elderly adults with ESRD, with widely variable findings.ConclusionFew studies specifically examine QOL in elderly adults with ESRD undergoing RRT and even fewer address issues of perceptions and health satisfaction. However, the limited data from the QOL studies looks promising with a significant proportion showing similar or higher overall health‐related and mental component summary QOL scores in elderly adults with ESRD. The very limited data on perceptions and health satisfaction of elderly adults with ESRD undergoing RRT makes it difficult to make any generalizable conclusions. Overall, more research is needed to examine these factors in elderly adults with ESRD.
Ovarian transmigration of intrauterine device
Authors: Rovati Marco , Raveglia Federico , Baisi Alessandro , De Simone Matilde , Cioffi Ugo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractExtrauterine translocation of intrauterine device (IUD) to peritoneal cavity is an uncommon event, moreover the ovarian embedding of a transmigrated IUD is very rare, and only two previous cases have been reported in the literature. We present a single case treated with laparoscopy. The aims of this study were to focus attention on the utility of preoperative computed tomography in planning the best surgical approach and to describe the two‐port technique.
Vector synthesis high‐resolution electrocardiography, atrial natriuretic peptide and N‐terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide for estimation of cardiac load in pregnancy
Authors: Tanaka Shino , Oyama Rie , Fukushima Akimune , Kikuchi Akihiko , Sugiyama Toru 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimWe analyzed atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and vector synthesis high‐resolution electrocardiography (ECG), to estimate cardiac load with circulatory dynamic change from pregnancy through the post‐partum period.MethodsThe subjects were singleton pregnant women (n = 19), who were divided into three stages: stage 1, 34–36 weeks of gestation; stage 2, 2–6 post‐partum days; and stage 3, 1–3 months after delivery. Vector synthesis high‐resolution ECG, ANP and NT‐proBNP were analyzed for all subjects.ResultsA pregnant woman with massive uterin liomyoma expressed largest the corrected recover time (RTc) dispersion in I + II of tow Dimensional (2D) color distribution map ANP and NT‐proBNP were significantly higher in stage 2 than in stages 1 and 3.ConclusionsANP, NT‐proBNP and vector synthesis high‐resolution ECG there might be able to evaluate cardiac load of normal pregnancy.
Family fairness and cohesion in marital dyads: Mediating processes between work–family conflict and couple psychological distress
Authors: Huffman Ann Hergatt , Matthews Russell A. , Irving Louis H. 
Published: December 2016

The well‐being of employed adults is linked to demands and resources in both work and family domains. This study takes a family systems approach to understand how an employee's work–family conflict and their spouse's observed work–family conflict can create stress within a family unit by negatively impacting employee and spousal perceptions of fairness in the division of household labour. This decreased fairness is related to reduced family cohesion, which we argue is a key resource in the family domain. These variables were assessed by data collected from military personnel and their spouses in a sample of 78 marital dyads. Analyses using the actor–partner interdependence model and maximum likelihood bootstrapping supported our contention that work–family conflict is related to family cohesion through perceived fairness in the division of household labour. However, after accounting for the strong direct effect employee's reported work‐to‐family conflict has on employee's psychological distress, reduced family cohesion was only directly related to the psychological distress of employee's spouses, and not employees themselves. We suggest that these findings support the importance of taking a family systems approach to more fully contextualize the impact of dual‐domain challenges on employee well‐being.Practitioner points

Organizations need to take the family into consideration when assessing employee well‐being.

Work–family conflict directly impacts an employee's psychological well‐being and has the potential to create distress within the employee's family.

Employers should provide employees with more family‐supportive resources to reduce the strain created by work–family conflict.