bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-guided bone lesions biopsies - a systematic review
Authors: Chira Romeo Ioan , Chira Alexandra , Manzat-Saplacan Roberta Maria , Nagy Georgiana , Bintintan Adriana , Mircea Petru Adrian , Valean Simona 
Published: July 2017

Aims: Ultrasound (US) is a highly valuable imagistic tool used to guide numerous interventional procedures. The US guided bone lesions biopsy has not yet received a consensus or a guideline. We aimed to evaluate the evidence to support the US role in guiding bone lesions biopsies.Material and methods: A computer literature search of PubMed was conducted using the keywords “ultrasound” and “bone biopsy”, in order to detect relevant studies regarding the aim of our analysis. Records were screened for eligible studies and data were extracted and analyzed.Results: We included 23 studies (n=610 patients) in the final analysis. The specificity and diagnostic yield of US guided biopsy were very good (between 78-100%), depending on the type and dimensions of the bone lesions. The type of the biopsy – aspiration or cutting – influenced theresults. The studies which included larger groups showed a better performance for cutting needles (83.3-100% vs 50-80.5% for aspiration). The size of the bone lesion influences the diagnostic yield of the US guided bone biopsy. Most of the studies reported nil post-procedural complications.Conclusion: Core needle biopsy provided better diagnostic yield compared to fine needle aspiration. The number of the passages of the cutting needle biopsies in order to achieve the best diagnostic yield wasthree. Further studies are needed in order to standardize US-guided bone lesions biopsy and increase its role in the diagnosis algorithm of the bone lesions.
Two-year clinical outcomes of patients treated with the dual-therapy stent in a 1000 patient all-comers registry
Authors: Kalkman Deborah N , Woudstra Pier , Menown Ian B A , Heijer Peter den , van't Hof Arnoud WJ , Erglis Andrejs , Suryapranata Harry , Arkenbout Karin E , Iñiguez Andrés , Muller Philippe , Tijssen Jan G , Beijk Marcel A M , Winter Robbert J de 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveThe dual-therapy stent combines an abluminal biodegradable drug-eluting coating, with a ‘pro-healing’ luminal layer. This bioengineered layer attracts circulating endothelial progenitor cells that can differentiate into normal endothelium. Rapid endothelialisation of the stent might allow safe short dual antiplatelet therapy. We aim to assess clinical outcomes in patients treated with this novel device at 2-year follow-up.MethodsA total of 1000 patients were included in the REMEDEE Registry to evaluate clinical outcomes after treatment with the dual-therapy stent. This prospective, multicentre, European registry included all-comers patients, which resulted in a high-risk patient population. Target lesion failure (TLF), a combined endpoint consisting of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (tv-MI) and target lesion revascularisation (TLR), at 2-year follow-up was the primary focus of this analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed according to diabetes mellitus (DM), gender, age, acute coronary syndrome, smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, previous stroke, peripheral vascular disease and chronic renal failure.ResultsTLF at 2 years was observed in 84 patients (8.5%), with 3.0% cardiac death, 1.2% tv-MI and 5.9% TLR. Definite stent thrombosis at 2 years was 0.6%. In the presence of DM or chronic renal failure, a higher TLF was observed.ConclusionsThe dual-therapy stent shows favourable clinical outcomes from 12 months onwards. Two years after stent placement, low TLF and very low stent thrombosis rates are observed in this large prospective all-comers cohort study.Trial registration numberNCT01874002; Results.
Pithos
Authors: Engelbrecht Herman A. , Gilmore John S. 
Published: July 2017

There has been significant research effort into peer-to-peer (P2P) massively multi-user virtual environments (MMVEs). A number of architectures have been proposed to implement the P2P approach; however, the development of fully distributed MMVEs has met with a number of challenges. In this work, we address one of the key remaining challenges of state consistency and persistency in P2P MMVEs. Having reviewed state management and persistency architectures currently receiving research attention, we have identified deficiencies such as lack of load balancing, responsiveness, and scalability. To address these deficiencies, we present Pithos—a reliable, responsive, secure, load-balanced, and scalable distributed storage system, suited to P2P MMVEs. Pithos is designed specifically for P2P MMVEs, and we show that it improves the reliability and responsiveness of storage architectures as compared to existing P2P state persistency architectures.
Pithos is implemented as an OverSim simulation running on the OMNeT++ network simulation framework. It is evaluated using up to 10,400 peers, with realistic latency profiles, with up to 15.8 million storage and retrieval requests that are generated to store a total of 2.4 million objects. Each peer in Pithos uses a maximum of 1,950Bps bandwidth to achieve 99.98% storage reliability, while the most reliable overlay storage configuration tested only achieved 93.65% reliability, using 2,182Bps bandwidth. Pithos is also more responsive than overlay storage, with an average responsiveness of 0.192s, compared with the average overlay responsiveness of 1.4s when retrieving objects from storage.
Different gene response to mechanical loading during early and late phases of rat Achilles tendon healing
Authors: Hammerman M. , Blomgran P. , Dansac A. , Eliasson P. , Aspenberg P. 
Published: July 2017

Mechanical loading stimulates tendon healing both when applied in the inflammatory phase and in the early remodeling phase of the process, although not necessarily via the same mechanisms. We investigated the gene response to mechanical loading in these two phases of tendon healing. The right Achilles tendon in rats was transected, and the hindlimbs were unloaded by tail suspension. The rats were exposed to 5 min of treadmill running 3 or 14 days after tendon transection. Thereafter, they were resuspended for 15 min or 3 h until euthanasia. The controls were suspended continuously. Gene analysis was first performed by microarray analysis followed by quantitative RT-PCR on selected genes, focusing on inflammation. Fifteen minutes after loading, the most important genes seemed to be the transcription factors EGR1 and C-FOS, regardless of healing phase. These transcription factors might promote tendon cell proliferation and differentiation, stimulate collagen production, and regulate inflammation. Three hours after loading on day 3, inflammation was strongly affected. Seven inflammation-related genes were upregulated according to PCR: CCL20, CCL7, IL-6, NFIL3, PTX3, SOCS1, and TLR2. These genes can be connected to macrophages, T cells, and recruitment of leukocytes. According to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, the recruitment of leukocytes was increased by loading on day 3, which also was confirmed by histology. This inflammation-related gene response was not seen on day 14. Our results suggest that the immediate gene response after mechanical loading is similar in the early and late phases of healing but the late gene response is different. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study investigates the direct effect of mechanical loading on gene expression during different healing phases in tendon healing. One isolated episode of mechanical loading was studied in otherwise unloaded healing tendons. This enabled us to study a time sequence, i.e., which genes were the first ones to be regulated after the loading episode.
Evidence from high-altitude acclimatization for an integrated cerebrovascular and ventilatory hypercapnic response but different responses to hypoxia
Authors: Smith Zachary M. , Krizay Erin , Sá Rui Carlos , Li Ethan T. , Scadeng Miriam , Powell Frank L. , Dubowitz David J. 
Published: July 2017

Ventilation and cerebral blood flow (CBF) are both sensitive to hypoxia and hypercapnia. To compare chemosensitivity in these two systems, we made simultaneous measurements of ventilatory and cerebrovascular responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in 35 normal human subjects before and after acclimatization to hypoxia. Ventilation and CBF were measured during stepwise changes in isocapnic hypoxia and iso-oxic hypercapnia. We used MRI to quantify actual cerebral perfusion. Measurements were repeated after 2 days of acclimatization to hypoxia at 3,800 m altitude (partial pressure of inspired O2 = 90 Torr) to compare plasticity in the chemosensitivity of these two systems. Potential effects of hypoxic and hypercapnic responses on acute mountain sickness (AMS) were assessed also. The pattern of CBF and ventilatory responses to hypercapnia were almost identical. CO2 responses were augmented to a similar degree in both systems by concomitant acute hypoxia or acclimatization to sustained hypoxia. Conversely, the pattern of CBF and ventilatory responses to hypoxia were markedly different. Ventilation showed the well-known increase with acute hypoxia and a progressive decline in absolute value over 25 min of sustained hypoxia. With acclimatization to hypoxia for 2 days, the absolute values of ventilation and O2 sensitivity increased. By contrast, O2 sensitivity of CBF or its absolute value did not change during sustained hypoxia for up to 2 days. The results suggest a common or integrated control mechanism for CBF and ventilation by CO2 but different mechanisms of O2 sensitivity and plasticity between the systems. Ventilatory and cerebrovascular responses were the same for all subjects irrespective of AMS symptoms. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ventilatory and cerebrovascular hypercapnic response patterns show similar plasticity in CO2 sensitivity following hypoxic acclimatization, suggesting an integrated control mechanism. Conversely, ventilatory and cerebrovascular hypoxic responses differ. Ventilation initially increases but adapts with prolonged hypoxia (hypoxic ventilatory decline), and ventilatory sensitivity increases following acclimatization. In contrast, cerebral blood flow hypoxic sensitivity remains constant over a range of hypoxic stimuli, with no cerebrovascular acclimatization to sustained hypoxia, suggesting different mechanisms for O2 sensitivity in the two systems.
Long Noncoding RNA and Cancer: A New Paradigm
Authors: Bhan Arunoday , Soleimani Milad , Mandal Subhrangsu S. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In addition to mutations or aberrant expression in the protein-coding genes, mutations and misregulation of noncoding RNAs, in particular long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), appear to play major roles in cancer. Genome-wide association studies of tumor samples have identified a large number of lncRNAs associated with various types of cancer. Alterations in lncRNA expression and their mutations promote tumorigenesis and metastasis. LncRNAs may exhibit tumor-suppressive and -promoting (oncogenic) functions. Because of their genome-wide expression patterns in a variety of tissues and their tissue-specific expression characteristics, lncRNAs hold strong promise as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. In this article, we have reviewed the emerging functions and association of lncRNAs in different types of cancer and discussed their potential implications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Cancer Res; 77(15); 3965–81. ©2017 AACR.
Atlantic Multidecadal Variability and the U.K. ACSIS Program
Authors: Sutton R. T. , McCarthy G. D. , Robson J. , Sinha B. , Archibald A. T. , Gray L. J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) is the term used to describe the pattern of variability in North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) that is characterized by decades of basinwide warm or cool anomalies, relative to the global mean. AMV has been associated with numerous climate impacts in many regions of the world including decadal variations in temperature and rainfall patterns, hurricane activity, and sea level changes. Given its importance, understanding the physical processes that drive AMV and the extent to which its evolution is predictable is a key challenge in climate science. A leading hypothesis is that natural variations in ocean circulation control changes in ocean heat content and consequently AMV phases. However, this view has been challenged recently by claims that changing natural and anthropogenic radiative forcings are critical drivers of AMV. Others have argued that changes in ocean circulation are not required. Here, we review the leading hypotheses and mechanisms for AMV and discuss the key debates. In particular, we highlight the need for a holistic understanding of AMV. This perspective is a key motivation for a major new U.K. research program: the North Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study (ACSIS), which brings together seven of the United Kingdom’s leading environmental research institutes to enable a broad spectrum approach to the challenges of AMV. ACSIS will deliver the first fully integrated assessment of recent decadal changes in the North Atlantic, will investigate the attribution of these changes to their proximal and ultimate causes, and will assess the potential to predict future changes.
Failed Medialization Laryngoplasty: Management by Revision Surgery
Authors: Woo Peak , Pearl Adam W. , Hsiung Ming‐Wang , Som Peter 
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cause of immediate and late medialization laryngoplasty failures and to describe their management.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed in 20 patients who underwent revision surgery after failed medialization laryngoplasty. Analysis was based on preoperative spiral CT scan, preoperative and postoperative videostrobolaryngoscopy. and Phonatory function measures.RESULTS:Three major types of failures were identified. The most common problem was arytenoid rotation with a persistent posterior glottic gap (11 of 20). Malposition or wrong size of the implants resulted in a lateralized vocal fold or false vocal fold medialization (6 of 20). Three patients had implants that were extruding. Late atrophy and bowing resulted in a glottal gap (2 of 20). One patient had fibrosis around the implant requiring removal. Spiral CT scan of the larynx located the implant precisely and showed the degree of arytenoid rotation. Patients with arytenoid rotation and posterior gap had revision medialization combined with arytenoid adduction. Revision medialization was performed in 11 patients, arytenoid adduction in 12 patients, lipoinjection in 2 Patients, and 4 implants were removed. The voice was improved in 15 patients. Improved voice was correlated with improved phonation time and reduced phonatory airflow rates.CONCLUSION:Immediate and late failures of medialization laryngoplasty are due to several possible causes. Revision surgery is feasible and highly successful. To select between the surgical alternatives work up should include preoperative analysis of vocal function, videostrobolaryngoscopic analysis, and spiral CT of the larynx.
Antisense Cyclin D1 Inhibits Growth of Head and Neck Cancer Xenografts in Nude Mice
Authors: Wang Steven J. , Mintz Leah E. , Natarajan Venketesan , Lee Nina J. , Srivatsan Eri S. , Wang Marilene B. 
Published: July 2017

PROBLEM:Cyclin D1 is a regulatory factor essential in the progression of the cell cycle from G1 through S phase. Amplification and overexpression of cyclin D1 have been observed in many human cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We have previously transfected a HNSCC control cell line (CCL23) with an antisense cyclin D1 plasmid and demonstrated inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro. In this study, we examine whether antisense cyclin D1 could inhibit tumor growth in vivo.METHODS/MEASURES:The CCL23 and its antisense cyclin D1 transfected clone (CCL23 AS) were injected into the flanks of nude mice. Tumor growth was monitored weekly. After 5 weeks, tumors were removed and studied for tumor size, cyclin D1 expression, cyclin D1‐dependent kinase activity, and retinoblastoma (Rb) phosphorylation.RESULTS:Compared with the control tumors, 11 of 19 antisense tumors were smaller, 7 tumors were of equal size, and 1 tumor was larger. Immunohistochemical analysis with an anti‐cyclin D1 antibody demonstrated decreased cyclin D1 expression in CCL23 AS and the smaller antisense tumors. Cyclin D1‐dependent kinase activity was reduced in CCL23 AS and the smaller antisense tumors, and this was accompanied by a relative decrease in phosphorylated Rb in these samples.CONCLUSION:Antisense cyclin D1 Inhibits growth of HNSCC tumors. Cyclin D1 expression, cyclin D1‐dependent kinase activity, and Rb phosphorylation are decreased in these tumors.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:These findings lend support for the potential use of antisense cyclin D1 as gene therapy for HNSCC.
Validating the Excision of Cholesteatoma
Authors: Schuring Arnold G. , Lippy William H. 
Published: July 2017

In lieu of a radical mastoidectomy, 138 patients underwent a closed tympanomastoidectomy with subsequent staged surgical procedures until the excision of cholesteatoma could be validated. All the patients underwent two surgical procedures, 29% underwent three procedures, and 4% underwent four procedures. The surgical findings at the second procedure were: negative, 41.5%; retraction pockets, 7%; squamous pearls, 14%; recurrent cholesteatoma, 12%; and residual cholesteatoma, 25.5%. At each stage the likelihood of finding any form of cholesteatoma lessens. A conversion from a closed to an open mastoidectomy was necessary for 9% of the patients, and 4% were lost to follow‐up. The opportunity to adjust the reconstructed ossicular assembly exists at each stage. With the use of semibiologic prostheses (ossicle cup and columella), the hearing results were: first stage, 67% within 20 dB, 84% within 30 dB; second stage, 77% and 90%; third stage, 77% and 96%.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Otosclerosis
Authors: Brookes Gerald B. 
Published: July 2017

A prospective study of 47 patients with otosclerosis was undertaken to investigate the possible etiologic role of vitamin D undernutrition. The population comprised 27 women and 20 men, with a mean age of 46.4 years (range 21 to 79). The disease was bilateral in 43 patients, and cochlear involvement was present in 84.4%. The mean duration of symptoms was 17.1 years. Vitamin D status was evaluated by measuring the plasma 25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 (25‐OHD), which is the main storage metabolite. Abnormally low 25‐OHD levels were found in 10 patients (21.7%) and borderline low levels in another two. Raised serum alkaline phosphatase levels were present in 32.6%, calcium in 6.5%, and inorganic phosphate in 4.3%. Calcium and vitamin D replacement therapy resulted in significant hearing improvement in 3 of 16 patients; these data support a causal correlation. Vitamin D deficiency is probably a factor in the etiology of some cases of otosclerosis and is important, since the deafness resulting from cochlear involvement may be reversible.
Effect of Maturation on the Sensitivity of Laryngeal Resistance to Chemoreceptor Stimulation in the Dog
Authors: Blum Daniel J. , McCaffrey Thomas V. 
Published: July 2017

The respiratory system undergoes many changes with maturation, resulting in increased capacity and efficiency. In an effort to determine the effects of maturation on airway control, laryngeal airway resistance was studied from infancy to adulthood in dogs. Reflex regulation of laryngeal airway resistance in response to chemoreceptor stimulation was found in puppies 1 day of age and older. Chemoreceptor‐mediated laryngeal reflexes were qualitatively similar in all age groups. However, a significant quantitative difference was found. With maturation, an increase in the sensitivity of both central and peripheral chemoreceptors regulating laryngeal resistance is realized.
Five Years' Experience with Bone‐Anchored Auricular Prostheses
Authors: Tjellström Anders , Yontchev Evtim , Lindström Jörgen , Brånemark Per‐Ingvar 
Published: July 2017

A prosthetic device might be indicated in craniofacial reconstruction when plastic surgery is impossible or when the final cosmetic result is unsatisfactory. However, the attachment of a prosthesis is often very difficult. Bone‐anchored, skin‐penetrating titanium implants have been used for retention of auricular prostheses in 38 patients. The patients have been followed up for 1 to 5 years. No patient has been lost to follow‐up. Only 1 implant out of the 159 inserted was found to have failed to integrate. Two skin‐penetrating abutments have been removed because of inflammation where they penetrated the skin. The surgical procedure as well as the manufacture of the prostheses and the attachment is presented in detail.
Bilateral Vestibular Loss, Oscillopsia, and the Cervico‐Ocular Reflex
Authors: Chambers Brian R. , Mai Mabel , Barber Hugh O. 
Published: July 2017

Oscillopsia during head movement occurs in patients with bilateral vestibular loss and may be transient or persistent. To investigate mechanisms underlying recovery we tested the vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR), visual‐vestibular interaction, and the cervico‐ocular reflex (COR); we used a pseudorandom oscillatory stimulus with a frequency band width of 0 to 5 Hz in six patients with bilaterally absent caloric responses and in 10 normal controls. Seven control subjects had low‐gain COR responses, but these were anticompensatory with respect to the VOR. Three asymptomatic patients with an absent or grossly deficient VOR had increased oculomotor responses at all frequencies when oscillated in light. Compensatory COR responses were detected in these patients but not in patients with persisting oscillopsia. In some patients with bilateral vestibular loss, augmented cervico‐ocular and visual reflexes may compensate, at least partially, for an absent VOR.
The Extrusion Rate of Grommets
Authors: Gibb Alan G. , Mackenzie Ian J. 
Published: July 2017

A prospective study was performed to determine the factors Influencing the extrusion rate of tympanostomy tubes. Nine hundred thirty‐nine tubes were inserted In 589 patients and the extrusion of these tubes was reviewed up to a period of 27 months. The eight tubes used in the survey were the Shepard, Exmoor, Bobbin, Armstrong, Paparella, Shah, Arrow, and collar button. These tubes were inserted In strict rotation, the operator using the designated tube. The position, type of incision, presence of fluid, quality of tympanic membrane, and degree of difficulty of insertion were all recorded at operation. The sex, age, side of operation, and any simultaneous operative procedures were also recorded. The patients were reviewed the day after operation and then every 3 months thereafter until the tube was extruded. A definite pattern was Identified for the extrusion of each type of tube. At one end of the spectrum, Exmoor and Shepard tubes were, for the most part, extruded between 6 and 9 months after Insertion, while at the other end, most of the collar button tubes were still functioning at 18 months. The design of the tube was the only factor found to be a significant determinant of the extrusion of the tube, although the experience of the surgeon affected the extrusion rate of the Arrow tube. The different dimensions of the Exmoor and collar button tubes are examined and compared.