bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Polymorphism of CLOCK Gene 3111T/C C>T is Associated with Susceptibility of Alzheimer Disease in Chinese Population
Authors: Yang Yun-Kang , Peng Xiao-Dong , Li Yong-Hong , Wang Zheng-Rong , Chang-quan Huang , Hui Wang , Liu Qing-Xiu 
Published: May 2016

Objectives In the present study, it was examined whether polymorphism of circadian locomotor output cycle kaput (CLOCK) gene 3111T/C was associated with susceptibility of Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods This study was conducted using a case-control method. Genotypes of apolipoprotein E (APOE e4) and CLOCK gene 3111T/C were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism method and TaqMan assay method, respectively. Results In this study, we gathered 296 unrelated AD patients and 423 control subjects. Both in the whole sample and APOE e4 noncarriers, prevalence of C carriers in CLOCK gene 3111T/C in AD patients was significantly higher than that in control subjects (in the whole sample: χ2 = 37.615, P < 0.0001; in APOE e4 noncarriers: χ2 = 46.809, P < 0.0001). However, among APOE e4 carriers, prevalence of C carriers in CLOCK gene 3111T/C between patients and control subjects presents nonsignificant difference (χ2 = 0.812, P = 0.451). Conclusions Among APOE e4 noncarriers, C carriers in CLOCK gene 3111T/C were associated with a high susceptibility of AD, but among APOE e4 carriers, the functional polymorphism of CLOCK gene 3111T/C was not associated with the susceptibility of AD.
Association of Genetic Polymorphisms with Histological Grading of Necroinflammation, Staging of Fibrosis, and Liver Function in Mexicans with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Sánchez-Parada María Guadalupe , Alvarez-Rodríguez Bertha Adriana , Gómez-Meda Belinda Claudia , Troyo-Sanromán Rogelio , Sánchez-Orozco Laura Verónica , Zamora-Perez Ana Lourdes , Landeros Martha Silvia Lucano , Armendáriz-Borunda Juan 
Published: May 2016

Background/Aim The aim of this work was to establish an association between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TGFB1 (rs1800471), AT (rs3789679), MMP-1 (rs17886084), MMP-3 (rs35068180), and PAI-1 (rs1799889) and the histological grading of necroinflammation, staging of hepatic fibrosis, and liver function in Mexican patients with advanced liver fibrosis due to chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Methods AT, MMP-1, MMP-3, and PAI-1 gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction in real time, whereas TGFB1 polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction–based restriction fragment length polymorphism in 38 patients with established advanced liver fibrosis and 50 subjects from the general population. Grading of necroinflammation and staging of liver fibrosis were assessed by liver biopsy and graded according to modified histological activity index Ishak score. Results Regarding TGFB1 SNP, significant differences were found between G/G and G/C genotypes of patients with hepatic necroinflammation ( P = 0.05) and hepatic fibrosis ( P = 0.002). There were also significant differences among genotypes of patients with the AT SNP in hepatic necroinflammation ( P = 0.01). The albumin-globulin ratio between genotypes of patients with the MMP-3 SNP gene showed significant differences ( P = 0.02). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that a specific combination of genotypes associated with biochemical values and a histological high score determine more severe liver disease. The presence of the G/G genotype of TGFB1 SNP in patients was significantly associated with severity of liver necroinflammation and fibrosis. Patients with the G/G genotype of AT SNP were associated with severe necroinflammation. The albumin-globulin ratio was increased in patients with the 6A allele of MMP-3 SNP. These results might contribute to diagnosis and further establishment of liver disease treatment.
Association of a Novel Polymorphism of the β2-Chimaerin Gene (CHN2) with Smoking
Authors: Barrio-Real Laura , Barrueco Miguel , González-Sarmiento Rogelio , Caloca María J. 
Published: May 2016

Objective The CHN2 gene encodes the β2-chimaerin, a Rac-specific guanosine-5′-triphosphatase activating protein with an important role in the establishment of functional brain circuitry by controlling axon pruning. Genetic studies suggest that the CHN2 gene harbors variants that contribute to addiction vulnerability and smoking behavior. To further evaluate the role of β2-chimaerin in nicotine addiction, we investigated the association of 3 individual polymorphisms of the CHN2 gene with smoking dependence. Methods Three hundred sixty-one healthy volunteers, 173 smokers (mean ± SD age, 60.4 ± 1.4 years) and 188 control subjects (mean ± SD age, 45.9 ± 1.4 years) were genotyped for 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the CHN2 gene (rs3750103, rs12112301, and rs186911567). The association of these polymorphisms with smoking habits was analyzed. Results There was no significant association of polymorphisms rs12112301 and rs3750103 with smoking. However, there was a significant difference in the frequency of the rs186911567 polymorphism between the smokers and the controls ( P = 0.003). Conclusions We report for the first time a significant association of the novel rs186911567 polymorphism of the CHN2 gene with smoking.
Use of Blood Tests to Predict Upper Gastrointestinal Lesions in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Song Youn Mi , Yoon Hye Eun , Choi Yoo A. , Kim Eun Oh , Lee Sang Ju , Chang Yoon Kyung , Kim Suk Young , Yang Chul Woo , Hwang Hyeon Seok 
Published: May 2016

Objective Anemia and iron deficiency are common complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, information about the diagnostic indicators of bleeding-related upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract lesions is sparse and few studies have investigated anemic upper GI tract lesions. Methods We included 165 anemic patients with non–dialysis-dependent CKD stages 3 to 5 (44 patients at stage 3, 52 patients at stage 4, and 69 patients at stage 5). Transferrin saturation (TSAT), serum ferritin, mean corpuscular volume, and corrected reticulocyte count data were collected to evaluate their diagnostic use for bleeding-related upper GI tract lesions, which were identified by esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Results Bleeding-related GI tract lesions were found in 57 patients (34.5%). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve used to predict bleeding-related lesions was 0.63 for TSAT ( P = 0.007), and the best cutoff value was 19.7% (sensitivity, 0.53; specificity, 0.76). The combination of cutoffs TSAT less than 20% or serum ferritin less than 100 ng/mL produced a 17% increment in sensitivity compared with that of TSAT less than 20% alone. The corrected reticulocyte levels and mean corpuscular volume had no significant diagnostic use. In patients with CKD stage 5, the sensitivity of TSAT or its combination with serum ferritin less than 100 ng/mL was significantly lower than in patients with CKD stage 3 (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Transferrin saturation is a significant predictor of anemic lesions in the upper GI tract, and serum ferritin can increase the sensitivity of TSAT. However, these indicators should be used with caution in patients with CKD stage 5 because their sensitivity is poor in this context.
Boride coating on the surface of WC–Co-based cemented carbide
Authors: Márquez-Herrera Alfredo , Bermúdez-Rodríguez Gabriel , Hernández-Rodríguez Eric Noé , Melendez-Lira Miguel , Zapata-Torres Martin 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In this study, the structural properties and enhancement in the hardness of commercial WC–Co-based cemented carbide inserts are reported after the formation of a boronised layer on the surface. A boronising thermochemical treatment was given at 900 °C for 4 h. X-ray diffraction analysis verified the treatment in the presence of peaks associated with the Co2B and W2CoB2 phases. The hardness of the samples used in the boronising process increased from 1492 HV up to 2000 HV. The typical values of the thickness of the boronised layer were measured to be around 28 μm. The results of a tool-life test suggest that boride coating effectively enhances the cutting performance of the samples.
Reverse Phase HPLC Profiling of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Sarcochlamys pulcherrima (Roxb.) Gaud.
Authors: Doley Pradip , Devi Naorem Manglembi , Singh Ch. B. , Singh A. V. 
Published: May 2016

The total phenolics content, total flavonoids content, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of methanol extract and its derived fractions from Sarcochlamys pulcherrima (Roxb.) Gaud. were evaluated. The plant material was initially extracted with methanol. The fractionation was carried out using liquid-liquid extraction with hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The Folin-Ciocalteu assay was used to quantify total phenolics content, Aluminum Chloride assay to quantify total flavonoids content, DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine) and reducing power assay are to determine antioxidant activity. The ethyl acetate fraction was observed to contain high phenolic content (201.37 mg/g) followed by n-butanol fraction (197.76 mg/g), methanol extract (136.93mg), water fraction (55.05mg/g) and hexane fraction (36.94mg/g) respectively. The flavonoids content ranges from 109.48 mg/g to 8.63 mg/g dry extract. The highest antioxidant activity was found in n-butanol fraction (EC50 =14.69 µg/mL in DPPH and 162.65 µg/mL in reducing power). The antimicrobial activity of the samples was evaluated based on inhibition zone using agar-well diffusion assay and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values. Hexane fraction had no antimicrobial effect against test microorganisms. The zone of inhibitions ranged from 11 mm to 6 mm. The n-butanol fraction possessed the highest antimicrobial activity against E. coli among the four fractions with MIC value of 0.781mg/mL. In addition rutin, gallic acid, quercetin and kaempferol were quantified by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. In ethyl acetate and n-butanol fraction, observed large amount rutin (77.53 ± 7.57 mg/g; 77.45 ± 1.71 mg/g) and gallic acid (61.01 ± 2.34 mg/g; 22.75 ± 1.54 mg/g) as compared to the quercetin and kaempferol.Doley et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, May 2016, 5(6): 49-54
Les soutiens militaires de Jean Ier, duc de Brabant, à Philippe III, roi de France, durant les expéditions ibériques (1276-1285).
Authors: Boffa Serge 
Published: May 2016

De militaire steun van Jan I, hertog van Brabant, aan Filips III, koning van Frankrijk, tijdens de veldtochten in Iberië (1276- 1285).
Filips III de Stoute, koning van Frankrijk leidde, om persoonlijke en politieke redenen verschilende veldtochten in het Iberisch schiereiland ; tegen Castilië in 1276 om de opvolging van de kinderen van Fernando de Cera veilig te stellen, daarna tegen Aragon in 1285 als een gevolg van de agressie van Peter III tegen Karel van Anjou. Bij de prinsen die de koning van Frankrijk vergezelden was de hertog van Brabant Jan I. Dat laat toe een hertogelijke veldtocht te bestuderen en meteen de nauwe banden die er bestonden tussen de koninklijke en hertogelijke hoven. Men kan ook wijzen op het krijgshaftig karakter van Jan I.
Molinet dramaturge : une moralité inédite jouée lors du chapitre valenciennois de la Toison d'Or (1473).
Authors: Devaux Jean 
Published: May 2016

Molinet als toneelschrijven : een onuitgegeven moraliteit opgevoerd tijdens het kapittel van het Gulden Vlies te Valenciennes (1473).
. Van 1 tot 13 mei 1473 vergaderde in Valenciennes het twaalfde kapittel van het Gulden Vlies. De dichter Jean Molinet die al een paar jaar in de stad woonde schreef een getegenheidstuk om de banketten of speien op te vrolijken. Wij ontdekten in de Mémoires van Jean Coquiau een groot fragment van dit dramatisch werk dat hier volledig uitgegeven wordt. Het stuk werd opgevoerd voor de hertog Karel en de ridders van de orde in de grote zaal van het hertogelijk paleis van Henegouwen. Men vindt er drie hoofdbekommenissen van de toekomstige kroniekschrijver paast de verheerlijking van het zeeredele huis van Bourgondië en van de dappere ridders die er zich dagelijks onderscheiden klinkt, in deze zeer Valentijnse tekst de gehechtheid van de auteur aan zijn gastland door. Deze tekst werpt enig licht op een miskend facet van deze grote schrijver die als dramaturg betrokken was bij de tot de verbeelding sprekende luister van de Boergondiërs.
La politique de reconstruction urbaine à Aire au XVIIIe siècle.
Authors: Maillard-Delbende Agnès 
Published: May 2016

La ville d'Aire, fortement démolie par un siège de deux mois en 1710, puis occupée par les Hollandais pendant 3 ans, fut presque entièrement reconstruite au XVIIIe siècle selon un règlement du 17 novembre 1722. Ce règlement imposa à toutes les rues un même modèle fait de façades tramées, d'un étage, avec pierres et trumeaux de briques alternés, corniches et cordons de pierre parfaitement raccordés, en lignes continues ; toutes les façades de la Grand Place triangulaire reçurent un décor de pilastres en pierre, élevés sur 2 étages et terminés par des chapitaux corinthiens semblables à ceux de l'hôtel de ville qui occupe la base du triangle.
Ce règlement, imposé pendant plus d'un siècle avec rigueur et même sévérité, mais secondé par une politique municipale de subventions et de prêts sans intérêt, donne encore maintenant, à la ville un aspect très homogène, d'un classicisme à la française.
Le règlement et ses dix-neuf articles furent adoptés par plusieurs autres villes, dont Arras, Saint-Omer, à la même époque, mais sa mise en application rigoureuse et persévérante ont fait à Aire un ensemble harmonieux et exceptionnel ; ce fut l'œuvre de 2 familles : les mayeurs François et Charles-Louis de Lencquesaing, et la famille Beugin, dont 7 maîtres- charpentiers, en 3 générations, furent les maîtres-d'oeuvre et commissaires aux travaux.
Les requêtes et les plans déposés par les propriétaires, et conservés aux archives municipales, sont pour l'historien d'aujourd'hui, une mine de renseignements et permettent encore d'identifier la plupart des maisons.
La ville intra muros est classée en Zone de Protection du Patrimoine Architectural et Urbain (ZPPAU) depuis 1988.
Are trait‐scaling relationships invariant across contrasting elevations in the widely distributed treeline species Nothofagus pumilio?
Authors: Fajardo Alex 
Published: May 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The study of scaling examines the relative dimensions of diverse organismal traits. Understanding whether global scaling patterns are paralleled within species is key to identify causal factors of universal scaling. I examined whether the foliage–stem (Corner's rules), the leaf size–number, and the leaf mass–leaf area scaling relationships remained invariant and isometric with elevation in a wide‐distributed treeline species in the southern Chilean Andes.METHODS:Mean leaf area, leaf mass, leafing intensity, and twig cross‐sectional area were determined for 1–2 twigs of 8–15 Nothofagus pumilio individuals across four elevations (including treeline elevation) and four locations (from central Chile at 36°S to Tierra del Fuego at 54°S). Mixed effects models were fitted to test whether the interaction term between traits and elevation was nonsignificant (invariant).KEY RESULTS:The leaf–twig cross‐sectional area and the leaf mass–leaf area scaling relationships were isometric (slope = 1) and remained invariant with elevation, whereas the leaf size–number (i.e., leafing intensity) scaling was allometric (slope ≠ ™1) and showed no variation with elevation. Leaf area and leaf number were consistently negatively correlated across elevation.CONCLUSIONS:The scaling relationships examined in the current study parallel those seen across species. It is plausible that the explanation of intraspecific scaling relationships, as trait combinations favored by natural selection, is the same as those invoked to explain across species patterns. Thus, it is very likely that the global interspecific Corner's rules and other leaf–leaf scaling relationships emerge as the aggregate of largely parallel intraspecific patterns.
Hidden in plain view: Cryptic diversity in the emblematic Araucaria of New Caledonia
Authors: Ruhsam Markus , Clark Alexandra , Finger Aline , Wulff Adrien S. , Mill Robert R. , Thomas Philip I. , Gardner Martin F. , Gaudeul Myriam , Ennos Richard A. , Hollingsworth Peter M. 
Published: May 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Cryptic species represent a conservation challenge, because distributions and threats cannot be accurately assessed until species are recognized and defined. Cryptic species are common in diminutive and morphologically simple organisms, but are rare in charismatic and/or highly visible groups such as conifers. New Caledonia, a small island in the southern Pacific is a hotspot of diversity for the emblematic conifer genus Araucaria (Araucariaceae, Monkey Puzzle trees) where 13 of the 19 recognized species are endemic.METHODS:We sampled across the entire geographical distribution of two closely related species (Araucaria rulei and A. muelleri) and screened them for genetic variation at 12 nuclear and 14 plastid microsatellites and one plastid minisatellite; a subset of the samples was also examined using leaf morphometrics.KEY RESULTS:The genetic data show that populations of the endangered A. muelleri fall into two clearly distinct genetic groups: one corresponding to montane populations, the other corresponding to trees from lower elevation populations from around the Goro plateau. These Goro plateau populations are more closely related to A. rulei, but are sufficiently genetically and morphological distinct to warrant recognition as a new species.CONCLUSIONS:Our study shows the presence of a previously unrecognized species in this flagship group, and that A. muelleri has 30% fewer individuals than previously thought. Combined, this clarification of species diversity and distributions provides important information to aid conservation planning for New Caledonian Araucaria.
YOUNG STAR CLUSTERS IN THE OUTER DISKS OF LITTLE THINGS DWARF IRREGULAR GALAXIES
Authors: Hunter Deidre A. , Elmegreen Bruce G. , Gehret Elizabeth 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We examine FUV images of the LITTLE THINGS sample of nearby dwarf irregular (dIrr) and Blue Compact Dwarf galaxies to identify distinct young regions in their far outer disks. We use these data, obtained with the Galaxy Evolution Explorer satellite, to determine the furthest radius at which in situ star formation can currently be identified. The FUV knots are found at distances from the center of the galaxies of 1–8 disk scale lengths and have ages of

≤
20

Myr and masses of 20 M

☉

to 1 × 105
M

☉

. The presence of young clusters and OB associations in the outer disks of dwarf galaxies shows that dIrrs do have star formation taking place there in spite of the extreme nature of the environment. Most regions are found where the H i surface density is ∼1 M

☉

pc−2, though both the H i and dispersed old stars go out much further. This limiting density suggests a cutoff in the ability to form distinct OB associations and perhaps even stars. We compare the star formation rates in the FUV regions to the average rates expected at their radii and beyond from the observed gas, using the conventional correlation for gas-rich regions. The localized rates are typically 10% of the expected average rates for the outer disks. Either star formation in dIrrs at surface densities

<
1

M

⊙

pc−2 occurs without forming distinct associations, or the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation over-predicts the rate beyond this point. In the latter case, the stellar disks in the far-outer parts of dIrrs result from scattering of stars from the inner disk.
UNEXPECTED SERIES OF REGULAR FREQUENCY SPACING OF δ SCUTI STARS IN THE NON-ASYMPTOTIC REGIME. I. THE METHODOLOGY
Authors: Paparó M. , Benkő J. M. , Hareter M. , Guzik J. A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
A sequence search method was developed to search the regular frequency spacing in δ Scuti stars through visual inspection and an algorithmic search. We searched for sequences of quasi-equally spaced frequencies, containing at least four members per sequence, in 90 δ Scuti stars observed by CoRoT. We found an unexpectedly large number of independent series of regular frequency spacing in 77 δ Scuti stars (from one to eight sequences) in the non-asymptotic regime. We introduce the sequence search method presenting the sequences and echelle diagram of CoRoT 102675756 and the structure of the algorithmic search. Four sequences (echelle ridges) were found in the 5–21 d−1 region where the pairs of the sequences are shifted (between 0.5 and 0.59 d−1) by twice the value of the estimated rotational splitting frequency (0.269 d−1). The general conclusions for the whole sample are also presented in this paper. The statistics of the spacings derived by the sequence search method, by FT (Fourier transform of the frequencies), and the statistics of the shifts are also compared. In many stars more than one almost equally valid spacing appeared. The model frequencies of FG Vir and their rotationally split components were used to formulate the possible explanation that one spacing is the large separation while the other is the sum of the large separation and the rotational frequency. In CoRoT 102675756, the two spacings (2.249 and 1.977 d−1) are in better agreement with the sum of a possible 1.710 d−1 large separation and two or one times, respectively, the value of the rotational frequency.
EXPLAINING TEV COSMIC-RAY ANISOTROPIES WITH NON-DIFFUSIVE COSMIC-RAY PROPAGATION
Authors: Harding J. Patrick , Fryer Chris L. , Mendel Susan 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Constraining the behavior of cosmic ray data observed at Earth requires a precise understanding of how the cosmic rays propagate in the interstellar medium. The interstellar medium is not homogeneous; although turbulent magnetic fields dominate over large scales, small coherent regions of magnetic field exist on scales relevant to particle propagation in the nearby Galaxy. Guided propagation through a coherent field is significantly different from random particle diffusion and could be the explanation of spatial anisotropies in the observed cosmic rays. We present a Monte Carlo code to propagate cosmic particle through realistic magnetic field structures. We discuss the details of the model as well as some preliminary studies which indicate that coherent magnetic structures are important effects in local cosmic-ray propagation, increasing the flux of cosmic rays by over two orders of magnitude at anisotropic locations on the sky. The features induced by coherent magnetic structure could be the cause of the observed TeV cosmic-ray anisotropy.
THE FIRST SPECTROPOLARIMETRIC MONITORING OF THE PECULIAR O4 Ief SUPERGIANT ζ PUPPIS
Authors: Hubrig S. , Kholtygin A. , Ilyin I. , Schöller M. , Oskinova L. M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The origin of the magnetic field in massive O-type stars is still under debate. To model the physical processes responsible for the generation of O star magnetic fields, it is important to understand whether correlations between the presence of a magnetic field and stellar evolutionary state, rotation velocity, kinematical status, and surface composition can be identified. The O4 Ief supergiant ζ Pup is a fast rotator and a runaway star, which may be a product of a past binary interaction, possibly having had an encounter with the cluster Trumper 10 some 2 Myr ago. The currently available observational material suggests that certain observed phenomena in this star may be related to the presence of a magnetic field. We acquired spectropolarimetric observations of ζ Pup with FORS 2 mounted on the 8 m Antu telescope of the Very Large Telescope to investigate if a magnetic field is indeed present in this star. We show that many spectral lines are highly variable and probably vary with the recently detected period of 1.78 day. No magnetic field is detected in ζ Pup, as no magnetic field measurement has a significance level higher than 2.4σ. Still, we studied the probability of a single sinusoidal explaining the variation of the longitudinal magnetic field measurements.