bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Diabetes and Hippocampal Atrophy in Elderly Japanese: The Hisayama Study
Authors: Hirabayashi Naoki , Hata Jun , Ohara Tomoyuki , Mukai Naoko , Nagata Masaharu , Shibata Mao , Gotoh Seiji , Furuta Yoshihiko , Yamashita Fumio , Yoshihara Kazufumi , Kitazono Takanari , Sudo Nobuyuki , Kiyohara Yutaka , Ninomiya Toshiharu 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between diabetes and brain or hippocampal atrophy in an elderly population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 1,238 community-dwelling Japanese subjects aged ≥65 years underwent brain MRI scans and a comprehensive health examination in 2012. Total brain volume (TBV), intracranial volume (ICV), and hippocampal volume (HV) were measured using MRI scans for each subject. We examined the associations between diabetes-related parameters and the ratios of TBV to ICV (an indicator of global brain atrophy), HV to ICV (an indicator of hippocampal atrophy), and HV to TBV (an indicator of hippocampal atrophy beyond global brain atrophy) after adjustment for other potential confounders.

RESULTS
The multivariable-adjusted mean values of the TBV-to-ICV, HV-to-ICV, and HV-to-TBV ratios were significantly lower in the subjects with diabetes compared with those without diabetes (77.6% vs. 78.2% for the TBV-to-ICV ratio, 0.513% vs. 0.529% for the HV-to-ICV ratio, and 0.660% vs. 0.676% for the HV-to-TBV ratio; all P &lt; 0.01). These three ratios decreased significantly with elevated 2-h postload glucose (PG) levels (all P for trend &lt;0.05) but not fasting plasma glucose levels. Longer duration of diabetes was significantly associated with lower TBV-to-ICV, HV-to-ICV, and HV-to-TBV ratios. The subjects with diabetes diagnosed in midlife had significantly lower HV-to-ICV and HV-to-TBV ratios than those without and those diagnosed in late life.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that a longer duration of diabetes and elevated 2-h PG levels, a marker of postprandial hyperglycemia, are risk factors for brain atrophy, particularly hippocampal atrophy.
Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for Japanese yew, Taxus cuspidata, and T. cuspidata var. nana (Taxaceae)
Authors: Kondo Toshiaki 
Published: July 2016

Premise of the study:Taxus cuspidata (Taxaceae), which is well known for the effective anticancer metabolite paclitaxel (e.g., taxol), is an evergreen needle‐leaved tree widely distributed in eastern Eurasia including Japan. We developed 15 microsatellite markers from this species and confirmed their utility for the dwarf variety nana, which is common in alpine regions along the Sea of Japan.Methods and Results:Thirteen polymorphic loci were characterized for genetic variation in three populations of T. cuspidata. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 11 to 31, with an average of 18.5; the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.78 to 0.95, with an average of 0.89. All loci were successfully amplified in T. cuspidata var. nana and showed high polymorphism.Conclusions:These markers will be useful for investigating speciation and range formation of T. cuspidata in Japan, and the results will provide crucial information for the conservation of Taxus species.
IMPRINTS OF ELECTRON–POSITRON WINDS ON THE MULTIWAVELENGTH AFTERGLOWS OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
Authors: Geng J. J. , Wu X. F. , Huang Y. F. , Li L. , Dai Z. G. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Optical rebrightenings in the afterglows of some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are unexpected within the framework of the simple external shock model. While it has been suggested that the central engines of some GRBs are newly born magnetars, we aim to relate the behaviors of magnetars to the optical rebrightenings. A newly born magnetar will lose its rotational energy in the form of Poynting-flux, which may be converted into a wind of electron–positron pairs through some magnetic dissipation processes. As proposed by Dai, this wind will catch up with the GRB outflow and a long-lasting reverse shock (RS) would form. By applying this scenario to GRB afterglows, we find that the RS propagating back into the electron–positron wind can lead to an observable optical rebrightening and a simultaneous X-ray plateau (or X-ray shallow decay). In our study, we select four GRBs (i.e., GRB 080413B, GRB 090426, GRB 091029, and GRB 100814A), of which the optical afterglows are well observed and show clear rebrightenings. We find that they can be well interpreted. In our scenario, the spin-down timescale of the magnetar should be slightly smaller than the peak time of the rebrightening, which can provide a clue to the characteristics of the magnetar.
THE EFFECTS OF THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT AND STELLAR MASS ON GALAXY QUENCHING TO z ∼ 3
Authors: Darvish Behnam , Mobasher Bahram , Sobral David , Rettura Alessandro , Scoville Nick , Faisst Andreas , Capak Peter 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We study the effects of the local environment and stellar mass on galaxy properties using a mass complete sample of quiescent and star-forming systems in the COSMOS field at

. We show that at

the median star formation rate (SFR) and specific SFR (sSFR) of all galaxies depend on the environment, but they become independent of the environment at z ≳ 1. However, we find that only for star-forming galaxies, the median SFR and sSFR are similar in different environments regardless of redshift and stellar mass. We find that the quiescent fraction depends on the environment at z ≲ 1 and on stellar mass out to z ∼ 3. We show that at z ≲ 1 galaxies become quiescent faster in denser environments and that the overall environmental quenching efficiency increases with cosmic time. Environmental and mass quenching processes depend on each other. At z ≲ 1 denser environments more efficiently quench galaxies with higher masses (log(

) ≳ 10.7), possibly due to a higher merger rate of massive galaxies in denser environments. We also show that mass quenching is more efficient in denser regions. We show that the overall mass quenching efficiency (

) for more massive galaxies (log(

) ≳ 10.2) rises with cosmic time until z ∼ 1 and then flattens out. However, for less massive galaxies, the rise in

continues to the present time. Our results suggest that environmental quenching is only relevant at z ≲ 1 and is likely a fast process, whereas mass quenching is the dominant mechanism at z ≳ 1 with a possible stellar feedback physics.
COLLIMATION AND ASYMMETRY OF THE HOT BLAST WAVE FROM THE RECURRENT NOVA V745 Sco
Authors: Drake Jeremy J. , Delgado Laura , Laming J. Martin , Starrfield Sumner , Kashyap Vinay , Orlando Salvatore , Page Kim L. , Hernanz M. , Ness J.-U. , Gehrz R. D. , van Rossum Daan , Woodward Charles E. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
The recurrent symbiotic nova V745 Sco exploded on 2014 February 6 and was observed on February 22 and 23 by the Chandra
X-ray Observatory Transmission Grating Spectrometers. By that time the supersoft source phase had already ended, and Chandra spectra are consistent with emission from a hot, shock-heated circumstellar medium with temperatures exceeding 107 K. X-ray line profiles are more sharply peaked than expected for a spherically symmetric blast wave, with a full width at zero intensity of approximately 2400 km s−1, an FWHM of 1200 ± 30 km s−1, and an average net blueshift of 165 ± 10 km s−1. The red wings of lines are increasingly absorbed toward longer wavelengths by material within the remnant. We conclude that the blast wave was sculpted by an aspherical circumstellar medium in which an equatorial density enhancement plays a role, as in earlier symbiotic nova explosions. Expansion of the dominant X-ray-emitting material is aligned close to the plane of the sky and is most consistent with an orbit seen close to face-on. Comparison of an analytical blast wave model with the X-ray spectra, Swift observations, and near-infrared line widths indicates that the explosion energy was approximately 1043 erg and confirms an ejected mass of approximately 10−7
M
⊙. The total mass lost is an order of magnitude lower than the accreted mass required to have initiated the explosion, indicating that the white dwarf is gaining mass and is a Type Ia supernova progenitor candidate.
MODELING THE AFTERGLOW OF THE POSSIBLE FERMI-GBM EVENT ASSOCIATED WITH GW150914
Authors: Morsony Brian J. , Workman Jared C. , Ryan Dominic M. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We model the possible afterglow of the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) event associated with LIGO detection GW150914, under the assumption that the gamma-rays are produced by a short GRB-like relativistic outflow. We model GW150914-GBM as both a weak, on-axis short GRB and normal short GRB seen far off-axis. Given the large uncertainty in the position of GW150914, we determine that the best chance of finding the afterglow is with ASKAP or possibly the Murchinson Widefield Array (MWA), with the flux from an off-axis short GRB reaching 0.2–4 mJy (0.12–16 mJy) at 150 MHz (863.5 MHz) by 1–12 months after the initial event. At low frequencies, the source would evolve from a hard to soft spectrum over several months. The radio afterglow would be detectable for several months to years after it peaks, meaning the afterglow may still be detectable and increasing in brightness NOW (2016 mid-July). With a localization from the MWA or ASKAP, the afterglow would be detectable at higher radio frequencies with the ATCA and in X-rays with Chandra or XMM.
PROBING TRAPPIST-1-LIKE SYSTEMS WITH K2
Authors: Demory Brice-Olivier , Queloz Didier , Alibert Yann , Gillen Ed , Gillon Michael 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
The search for small planets orbiting late M dwarfs holds the promise of detecting Earth-size planets for which their atmospheres could be characterized within the next decade. The recent discovery of TRAPPIST-1 entertains hope that these systems are common around hosts located at the bottom of the main sequence. In this Letter, we investigate the ability of the repurposed Kepler mission (K2) to probe planetary systems similar to TRAPPIST-1. We perform a consistent data analysis of 189 spectroscopically confirmed M5.5 to M9 late M dwarfs from Campaigns 1–6 to search for planet candidates and inject transit signals with properties matching TRAPPIST-1b and c. We find no transiting planet candidates across our K2 sample. Our injection tests show that K2 is able to recover both TRAPPIST-1 planets for 10% of the sample only, mainly because of the inefficient throughput at red wavelengths resulting in Poisson-limited performance for these targets. Increasing injected planetary radii to match GJ 1214b’s size yields a recovery rate of 70%. The strength of K2 is its ability to probe a large number of cool hosts across the different campaigns, out of which the recovery rate of 10% may turn into bona fide detections of TRAPPIST-1-like systems within the next two years.
De la définition linguistique du nom propre
Authors: Vaxelaire Jean-Louis 
Published: July 2016

« Même les enfants savent ce qu'est un nom propre ! », peut-on parfois entendre. Pourtant, les querelles entre linguistes sont nombreuses et tel nom sera classé dans les noms propres dans un article et dans les noms communs dans un autre. Ce travail tente de cerner les divergences de vue, particulièrement liées à des questions mal réglées d'interdisciplinarité, et de comprendre à quoi peut correspondre une définition linguistique du nom propre, i.e. délestée des considérations uniquement référentielles héritées des théories logiques et centrée sur les textes. C'est à cette condition qu'il est possible d'observer les noms propres sous un nouvel angle.
Les liens faibles du crime en ligne
Authors: Dupont Benoit 
Published: July 2016

Le dilemme de la confiance auquel sont confrontés les délinquants en ligne est souvent sous-estimé par ceux qui étudient les transformations que la révolution numérique a provoquées sur la criminalité. Pourtant, dans un contexte où une diversité d’expertises techniques et organisationnelles doit converger afin de mener des projets lucratifs, les liens de confiance jouent un rôle déterminant permettant d’écarter les partenaires à la fiabilité douteuse et de stabiliser les collaborations afin d’améliorer la performance criminelle. À travers deux études de cas portant sur un réseau de hackers démantelé au Québec en 2008 et le principal forum de discussion de pirates informatiques observés pendant 27 mois de 2009 à 2011, cet article illustre les défis concrets auxquels les cybercriminels sont confrontés dans l’attribution et le maintien de la confiance à des pairs qui ont de nombreuses raisons de faire défection sans risques de sanctions. La nature fragile et éphémère des liens de confiance est notamment analysée, ainsi que le rôle joué par des normes culturelles transgressives qui empêchent les communautés de hackers de profiter pleinement des avantages des outils de gestion automatisée des réputations.
Résoudre des crimes en ligne
Authors: Myles David , Millerand Florence , Benoit-Barné Chantal 
Published: July 2016

Le développement des technologies numériques participe à l’émergence de nouveaux types d’initiatives citoyennes de sécurité. Cet article explore quatre formes de contribution en ligne de citoyens en matière de gouvernement du crime issues des sciences sociales et humaines : le travail de surveillance non institutionnalisée, le crowdsourced policing , les online vigilantes et la civilian police . Les enjeux soulevés par chacune de ces formes de contribution sont mobilisés pour mettre en lumière les résultats d’une démarche d’observation exploratoire au sein du Reddit Bureau of Investigation, un forum Internet anglophone qui regroupe des citoyens dont l’objectif est la résolution de crimes. Les résultats témoignent du rôle clé des technologies numériques et de surveillance dans l’émergence de ces pratiques, de nouvelles conceptions du rôle du citoyen en matière de gouvernement du crime, de la construction d’une identité commune en réaction à la figure du vigilante et du déploiement d’une expertise profane d’investigation.
Plaisanteries d’initiés
Authors: Ink Marion 
Published: July 2016

Cet article vise à définir, par induction analytique à partir de matériaux recueillis depuis plus de 4 ans dans des résidences universitaires en France, aux États-Unis et au Canada, ce qu’est une plaisanterie d’initiés. Les plaisanteries d’initiés , objet principal de la présente étude, sont le résultat d’une filature d’interactions antérieures. Nous montrons ici que celles-ci sont toujours déclenchées par une situation absurde désamorcée par le rire des initiés in situ ou a posteriori . Elles sont alors activées et réactivées par les initiés en présence d’un public. Nous définissons ainsi les initiés comme les personnes présentes lors de la situation absurde et participant explicitement à la ou aux situations de désamorçage par le rire. Leur statut d’initiés leur autorise trois actions : répéter la plaisanterie devant un public, exprimer explicitement la compréhension de la plaisanterie (si elle est dite par un autre initié) et négocier avec les autres initiés l’inclusion d’un membre encore fluctuant. Cet article vise alors à distinguer les moqueries (rire excluant) des « taquineries » (rire intégrateur) dans le cadre des plaisanteries d’initiés. Les membres initiés des groupes ne sont pas seulement des personnes qui connaissent l’origine de la référence passée, mais celles et ceux qui ont partagé l’expérience émotionnelle du désamorçage par le rire.
Production of Nonadhesive Eggs by Flathead Chub and Implications for Downstream Transport and Conservation
Authors: Bestgen Kevin R. , Crockett Harry J. , Haworth Matthew R. , Fitzpatrick Ryan M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPlains stream fishes in North America, including flathead chub Platygobio gracilis, are negatively affected by stream-flow alterations and fragmentation, and limited information on egg type and reproductive strategy hinders their conservation. On the basis of several lines of evidence, including laboratory culture, observations of reproduction in captivity, and capture and rearing of eggs from Fountain Creek, Colorado, we report that flathead chub produce nonadhesive eggs. Flathead chub eggs are relatively small at 2.3 mm mean diameter, have a greater yolk-to-egg volume ratio and thus sink faster, and take longer to hatch, compared with nonadhesive eggs from pelagic spawning species. Flathead chub are also longer lived compared with pelagic spawning species and the wider variety of habitat types they occupy may influence upstream egg retention. Although spawning mode (e.g., pelagic, lithopelagic, other) is incompletely known for flathead chub, habitat needs in terms of flows and reach lengths suitable for reproduction and recruitment may vary with habitat type but may be similar to that for other pelagic spawning species. Accommodating specialized reproductive life histories of fishes, including egg type and transport characteristics, in stream conservation planning may assist with maintaining or enhancing populations of all Great Plains cyprinids, including increasingly rare flathead chub.
Descriptive Epidemiology for Turtles Admitted to the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Turtle Rescue Team
Authors: Stranahan Lauren , Alpi Kristine M. , Passingham Ronald Kent , Kosmerick Todd J. , Lewbart Gregory A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Turtle Rescue Team has been treating and releasing wild turtles since 1996 and has compiled a collection of almost 4,000 medical records, now available for consultation by researchers via the North Carolina State University Libraries Special Collections Research Center. Data available for each case include county where turtle was discovered, patient identification number, admission date, species, sex and reproductive status, physical examination findings, clinical diagnosis, last case-entry date, length of stay, and final disposition. Additional data in the records include a day-by-day description of treatment and husbandry performed for each turtle. This report summarizes 2,613 turtle cases examined between 1996 and 2012 by the Turtle Rescue Team, including 12 native species of turtle from 63 North Carolina counties. The sex distribution of those of known sex were evenly distributed. The most common presenting condition was vehicular trauma while garden equipment and fish-equipment–related trauma, pet surrender, and other human-induced injury represented an additional 154 cases. Animal attacks and trauma due to unknown causes were also represented. Other conditions diagnosed on presentation included infection, aural abscessation, nutritional disorder, neurologic disorder, buoyancy disorder, prolapse, and other. A small number of turtles were not diagnosed or were healthy. Ultimate disposition data were available for 2,318 turtles, of which 1,227 were released to the wild. The epidemiological data presented here are similar to information collected in Illinois, Tennessee, and Virginia. Medical records from wildlife hospitals and primary care facilities represent an important opportunity to gain valuable insight into the epidemiology of human interaction with native wildlife species.
Apprentissage et durabilité : quelle place donner au jeu et au « rejeu » dans l’apprentissage et la mémorisation d’une langue/culture cible ?
Authors: Dubrac Anne-Laure 
Published: July 2016

En nous appuyant sur la théorie de Marcel Jousse, nous avons tenté de mettre en évidence les liens existant entre « action gestuelle » et mémorisation dans l’apprentissage à long terme d’une langue cible (ici l’anglais dans la filière Droit). Pour ce faire, nous avons mené une expérimentation à partir de l’analyse d’extraits provenant d’un documentaire portant sur le procès OJ Simpson. Les séquences étudiées ont été l’occasion de « rejeux-verbo-gestuels » ; autrement dit, elles ont permis aux étudiants de donner corps, par le biais d’une théâtralisation, à des formes linguistiques entendues.
Protein Translation Activity: A New Measure of Host Immune Cell Activation
Authors: Seedhom Mina O. , Hickman Heather D. , Wei Jiajie , David Alexandre , Yewdell Jonathan W. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We describe the in vivo ribopuromycylation (RPM) method, which uses a puromycin-specific Ab to fluorescently label ribosome-bound puromycylated nascent chains, enabling measurement of translational activity via immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry. Tissue staining provides a unique view of virus-induced activation of adaptive, innate, and stromal immune cells. RPM flow precisely quantitates virus-induced activation of lymphocytes and innate immune cells, and it provides a unique measure of immune cell deactivation and quiescence. Using RPM we find that high endothelial cells in draining lymph nodes rapidly increase translation in the first day of vaccinia virus infection. We also find a population of constitutively activated splenic T cells in naive mice and further that most bone marrow T cells activate 3 d after vaccinia virus infection. Bone marrow T cell activation is nonspecific, IL-12–dependent, and induces innate memory T cell phenotypic markers. Thus, RPM measures translational activity to uniquely identify cell populations that participate in the immune response to pathogens, other foreign substances, and autoantigens.
Structure of the Adenovirus Type 4 (Species E) E3-19K/HLA-A2 Complex Reveals Species-Specific Features in MHC Class I Recognition
Authors: Li Lenong , Santarsiero Bernard D. , Bouvier Marlene 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) subvert MHC class I Ag presentation and impair host anti-Ad cellular activities. Specifically, the Ad-encoded E3-19K immunomodulatory protein targets MHC class I molecules for retention within the endoplasmic reticulum of infected cells. We report the x-ray crystal structure of the Ad type 4 (Ad4) E3-19K of species E bound to HLA-A2 at 2.64-Å resolution. Structural analysis shows that Ad4 E3-19K adopts a tertiary fold that is shared only with Ad2 E3-19K of species C. A comparative analysis of the Ad4 E3-19K/HLA-A2 structure with our x-ray structure of Ad2 E3-19K/HLA-A2 identifies species-specific features in HLA-A2 recognition. Our analysis also reveals common binding characteristics that explain the promiscuous, and yet high-affinity, association of E3-19K proteins with HLA-A and HLA-B molecules. We also provide structural insights into why E3-19K proteins do not associate with HLA-C molecules. Overall, our study provides new information about how E3-19K proteins selectively engage with MHC class I to abrogate Ag presentation and counteract activation of CD8+ T cells. The significance of MHC class I Ag presentation for controlling viral infections, as well as the threats of viral infections in immunocompromised patients, underline our efforts to characterize viral immunoevasins, such as E3-19K.