bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local‐scale attributes determine the suitability of woodland creation sites for Diptera
Authors: Fuller Lauren , Fuentes‐Montemayor Elisa , Watts Kevin , Macgregor Nicholas A. , Bitenc Katja , Park Kirsty J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNew native woodlands are typically created in a small and isolated configuration, potentially reducing their value as a resource for biodiversity. The use of ecological networks for habitat restoration and creation could be beneficial for woodland biodiversity. This approach is conceptualised as local‐ and landscape‐scale conservation actions designed to increase the area, quality, amount and connectivity of habitat types. However, there is limited evidence about the value of secondary woodlands and the relative or combined effects of network variables for woodland insects.Seventy‐eight woodland sites created in the last 160 years across England and Scotland were sampled for hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) and craneflies (Diptera:Tipuloidea), using two Malaise net traps placed in the centre of each woodland. The diversity of insects supported by created woodland patches was analysed using measures of dissimilarity, and the relative direct and indirect effects of ecological network variables on their abundance and species richness were assessed using structural equation models.We found 27% of British woodland hoverfly species and 43% of British woodland cranefly species in the study sites, indicating that woodland insects are colonising created native woodlands, despite their fragmented nature. However, these species communities were highly variable across woodland patches.Landscape‐scale variables had no effect on woodland‐associated hoverflies or craneflies relative to local‐scale variables. Local‐scale variables relating to habitat quality (i.e. structural heterogeneity of trees and understorey cover) had the strongest influence on abundance and species richness.Synthesis and applications. To benefit woodland‐associated Diptera, woodland creation and restoration should maintain a focus on habitat quality. This should include active management to facilitate a diverse tree and understorey vegetation structure. Many woodlands in theUKare privately owned, and landowners should be encouraged to plant and actively manage their woodlands to increase structural heterogeneity and resources for woodland insects.
Asymmetric Trading Costs Prior to Earnings Announcements: Implications for Price Discovery and Returns
Authors: JOHNSON TRAVIS L. , SO ERIC C. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTWe show that the cost of trading on negative news, relative to positive news, increases before earnings announcements. Our evidence suggests that this asymmetry is due to financial intermediaries reducing their exposure to announcement risks by providing liquidity asymmetrically. This asymmetry creates a predictable upward bias in prices that increases preannouncement, and subsequently reverses, confounding short‐window announcement returns as measures of earnings news and risk premia. These findings provide an alternative explanation for asymmetric return reactions to firms' earnings news, and help explain puzzling prior evidence that announcement risk premia precede the actual announcements. Our study informs methods for research centering on earnings announcements and offers a possible explanation for patterns in returns around anticipated periods of heightened inventory risks, including alternative firm‐level, industry‐level, and macroeconomic information events.
Delivery by Design (DbD): A Standardized Approach to the Development of Efficacious Nanoparticle‐ and Microparticle‐Based Delivery Systems
Authors: McClements David Julian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe design and development of nanoparticle‐ and microparticle‐based delivery systems for the encapsulation, protection, and controlled release of active agents has grown considerably in the agrochemical, cosmetic, food, personal care, and pharmaceutical industries. These colloidal delivery systems can be utilized to overcome problems such as poor solubility, low activity, and chemical instability of active agents, as well as to create novel functional attributes such as controlled or targeted delivery. The purpose of this article is to develop a systematic approach, referred to as “delivery‐by‐design” (DbD), to make the design and fabrication process more efficient and effective. Initially, a brief review of some of the challenges associated with incorporating active agents into commercial products is given, and then an overview of different kinds of simple and complex colloidal delivery systems is given. The DbD approach is then presented as a series of stages: (1) definition of the molecular and physicochemical properties of the active agent; (2) definition of the required physicochemical, sensory, and functional attributes of the end‐product; (3) specification of the required attributes of the colloidal delivery system; (4) specification of particle properties and delivery system selection; (5) optimization of delivery system manufacturing process; (6) establishment and implementation of delivery system testing protocol; and (7) optimization of delivery system performance. Utilization of the DbD approach may lead to more rapid design of efficacious and economically viable colloidal delivery systems for commercial applications.
Potential Use in Forensics of a Novel Hybrid Gelatin—Dynamic Impact Assessment
Authors: Zecheru Teodora , Dena Alexandru , Cîrmaci Marius , Său Ciprian , Zaharia Cătălin , Lăzăroaie Claudiu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBallistic gelatin as simulant of the human body and organs is a support in forensics. After having obtained very good results for a new gelatin‐based composite in terms of physicochemical and rheological properties, this study focused on this material's mechanical behavior during stabbing and shooting versus bovine and porcine organs and standard ballistic gelatin. The hybrid gelatin has a predominantly elastic behavior at 23°C, whereas the elastic modulus becomes practically constant in the 10–0.1 Hz frequency range. In terms of stabbing behavior, the small variations obtained between porcine organs and surrogate are below 5%, the perforation indicating a good similarity. From the ballistic test results using 10 × 28T rubber balls, it has been seen that the hybrid ballistic gelatin conducts to more reliable and reproducible values of perforation/penetration versus standard gelatin, making from it a real candidate for use in forensic tests.
Self‐Strangulation Turning into Partial Hanging for a Suicide Victim
Authors: Swain Rajanikanta , Bakshi Mantaran Singh , Dhaka Shivani , Singh Krishna Kumar , Sikary Asit Kumar 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHanging is the most common asphyxial method of suicide, whereas suicide by strangulation is unusual. Here, we are reporting a particular methodology of the asphyxial method of suicide in which a case of self‐strangulation culminated into partial hanging. A 30‐year‐old male wrapped one end of the cable wire around his neck. He then passed the other end over a curtain rod and tied that end around the right hand. He pulled the hand down, using the curtain rod as a fulcrum, to tighten the noose around the neck in an attempt to strangulate himself. However, he lost consciousness during the process and the body slipped down, pulling the right hand up which got stuck at the curtain rod. This led the body hanged in the kneeling position. This bizarre scenario raised suspicion of homicide but the crime scene, autopsy and victim characteristics were in favor of suicide.
The ecology of predispersal insect herbivory on tree reproductive structures in natural forest ecosystems
Authors: Boivin Thomas , Doublet Violette , Candau Jean‐Noël 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPlant–insect interactions are key model systems to assess how some species affect the distribution, the abundance, and the evolution of others. Tree reproductive structures represent a critical resource for many insect species, which can be likely drivers of demography, spatial distribution, and trait diversification of plants. In this review, we present the ecological implications of predispersal herbivory on tree reproductive structures by insects (PIHR) in forest ecosystems. Both insect's and tree's perspectives are addressed with an emphasis on how spatiotemporal variation and unpredictability in seed availability can shape such particular plant–animal interactions. Reproductive structure insects show strong trophic specialization and guild diversification. Insects evolved host selection and spatiotemporal dispersal strategies in response to variable and unpredictable abundance of reproductive structures in both space and time. If PIHR patterns have been well documented in numerous systems, evidences of the subsequent demographic and evolutionary impacts on tree populations are still constrained by time‐scale challenges of experimenting on such long‐lived organisms, and modeling approaches of tree dynamics rarely consider PIHR when including biotic interactions in their processes. We suggest that spatially explicit and mechanistic approaches of the interactions between individual tree fecundity and insect dynamics will clarify predictions of the demogenetic implications of PIHR in tree populations. In a global change context, further experimental and theoretical contributions to the likelihood of life‐cycle disruptions between plants and their specialized herbivores, and to how these changes may generate novel dynamic patterns in each partner of the interaction are increasingly critical.
Influence of High‐Pressure Processing at Low Temperature and Nisin on Listeria innocua Survival and Sensory Preference of Dry‐Cured Cold‐Smoked Salmon
Authors: Lebow Noelle K. , DesRocher Lisa D. , Younce Frank L. , Zhu Mei‐Jun , Ross Carolyn F. , Smith Denise M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCold‐smoked salmon (CSS) production lacks a validated kill step for Listeria monocytogenes. Although Listeria spp. are reduced by nisin or high‐pressure processing (HPP), CSS muscle discoloration is often observed after HPP. Effects of nisin and low‐temperature HPP on L. innocua survival (nonpathogenic surrogate for L. monocytogenes), spoilage organism growth, color, and sensory preference and peelability of CSS were studied. Cold‐smoked sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fillets ± nisin (10 μg/g) were inoculated with a 3‐strain L. innocua cocktail, vacuum‐packaged, frozen at – 30 °C, and high‐pressure processed in an ice slurry within an insulated sleeve. Initial experiments indicated that nisin and HPP for 120 s at 450 MPa (N450) and 600 MPa (N600) were most effective against L. innocua, and thus were selected for further storage studies. L. innocua in N450 and N600‐treated CSS was reduced 2.63 ± 0.15 and 3.99 ± 0.34 Log CFU/g, respectively, immediately after HPP. L. innocua and spoilage growth were not observed in HPP‐treated CSS during 36 d storage at 4 °C. Low‐temperature HPP showed a smaller increase in lightness of CSS compared to ambient‐temperature HPP performed in previous studies. Sensory evaluation indicated that overall liking of CSS treated with N450 and N600 were preferred over the control by 61% and 62% of panelists, respectively (P < 0.05). Peelability of sliced CSS was reduced by HPP (P < 0.05). Nisin in combination with low‐temperature HPP was effective in controlling L. innocua in CSS while maintaining consumer acceptability.Practical ApplicationCold‐smoked salmon is a high‐risk ready‐to‐eat product that may be contaminated with L. monocytogenes. Results showed that nisin combined with high‐pressure processing at low temperature, reduced the population of Listeria and controlled the spoilage organisms during storage. As an added benefit, high‐pressure processing at low temperature may reduce lightening of the salmon flesh, leading to enhanced consumer preference.
Two‐year persistence of golimumab as second‐line biologic agent in rheumatoid arthritis as compared to other subcutaneous tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: real‐life data from the LORHEN registry
Authors: Favalli Ennio G. , Sinigaglia Luigi , Becciolini Andrea , Grosso Vittorio , Gorla Roberto , Bazzani Chiara , Atzeni Fabiola , Sarzi Puttini Pier C. , Fusaro Enrico , Pellerito Raffaele , Caporali Roberto 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the 2‐year retention rate of golimumab compared with etanercept and adalimumab as second‐line biologic agent in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who failed a previous tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi).MethodsData on RA patients treated with a second‐line subcutaneous TNFi were extracted from a multicentric Italian cohort (the LORHEN registry). The analysis was limited to etanercept, adalimumab and golimumab in the period when all were available in Italy (since October 2010). The 2‐year retention rate was calculated by Kaplan–Meier method and the comparative risk for discontinuation among individual TNFi was compared by a stratified log‐rank test.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐five RA patients treated with etanercept (n = 76), adalimumab (n = 68) or golimumab (n = 51) were included in the analysis. The 2‐year retention rate (40% with a median time‐on‐drug of 12.9 months in the whole population) was significantly lower for adalimumab (31.2%, P = 0.018) and numerically lower for etanercept (39.8%, P = 0.068) compared with golimumab (53.4%) because of a higher discontinuation rate due to adverse events (P = 0.042 and P = 0.038 versus golimumab, respectively). Drug survival was greater in concomitant synthetic disease modifying anti‐rheumatic drug (sDMARD) users (44.2%) compared with TNFi monotherapy (22.5%, P = 0.036). No difference was found in survival analysis according to first‐line TNFi reason for discontinuation and pattern of TNFi switch (antibody‐receptor, antibody‐antibody or receptor‐antibody).ConclusionsOur real‐life data confirmed switching to a second TNFi as a good option for treating first‐line TNFi failures in RA, especially in combination with sDMARDs. Second‐line golimumab showed an overall better 2‐year drug survival compared with adalimumab and etanercept.
Impact of unplanned events on early postoperative results of minimally invasive esophagectomy
Authors: Guo Xufeng , Ye Bo , Yang Yu , Sun Yifeng , Hua Rong , Zhang Xiaobing , Mao Teng , Li Zhigang 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundMinimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is increasingly performed worldwide. Unplanned events during thoracoscopy or laparoscopy can jeopardize the procedure, sometimes necessitating conversion to open surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of unplanned events on early postoperative outcomes after MIE.MethodA consecutive group of 303 patients who underwent MIE between January 2011 and December 2015 were reviewed. The patients were allocated to two groups comprising those with (G‐UPE, 85 patients) and without unplanned events (G‐Regular, 218 patients). Unplanned events, defined as events that clearly changed or prolonged the procedure included intraoperative bleeding, chest and/or peritoneal adhesions, tumor invasion (sT4a + T4b), non‐radical resection (R2 resection), and conversion for any reason. Differences in postoperative complications between the groups were analyzed.ResultsThe most common unplanned events were pleural and/or peritoneal adhesions (28/89, 31.5%), followed by intraoperative discovery of tumor invasion (sT4a + T4b, 25/89, 28.1%). There were significant differences in the incidence of respiratory (57.6% vs. 8.3%) and nervous system complications (10.6% vs. 2.7%), postoperative infection (32.9% vs. 5.0%), and chylothorax (8.2% vs. 0.9%) between the G‐UPE and G‐Regular groups, respectively (P < 0.05). The most common reasons for conversion to open procedures were pleural and/or peritoneal adhesions (9/38, 23.8%) and intraoperative bleeding (7/38, 18.4%). The main reasons for R2 resection were tumor invasion of the trachea or bronchus (7/21, 33.2%) and of the aorta (5/21, 23.8%).ConclusionUnplanned events during MIE increase the incidence of postoperative complications. Improved clinical staging and more careful surgery minimize unplanned events.
The Information Content of Tax Expense: A Discount Rate Explanation
Authors: Henry Erin 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTI investigate the information content of income tax expense using variance decomposition to separate stock returns into cash flow and discount rate news components. While prior literature has focused on linking tax expense with expected future cash flows, I argue that tax expense should also be informative about discount rates because of its ability to summarize fundamental economic performance. Consistent with my arguments, I find that tax expense surprises are correlated with both revisions in future cash flows and revisions in discount rates; however, the economic magnitude of tax expense's impact on returns is primarily through the discount rate channel. I also perform cross‐sectional tests, which reveal that the discount rate implications of tax expense are due not only to its ability to capture fundamental economic performance but also to its ability to convey information about a firm's earnings management and tax avoidance activities.
Modelling the area of occupancy of habitat types with remote sensing
Authors: Álvarez‐Martínez Jose Manuel , Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja , Barquín José , Ondiviela Bárbara , Recio María , Silió‐Calzada Ana , Juanes Jose Antonio 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

A current challenge of biodiversity and conservation is the estimation of the spatial extent of habitat types across broad territories. In the absence of fine‐resolution maps, predictive modelling helps in assessing the spatial distribution of vegetation cover. However, such approaches are still uncommon in regional planning and management. Here, we present a framework for mapping the area of occupancy (AOO) of habitat types that allows highly suitable estimates at different scales.

We model the potential AOO with abiotic variables related to topography and climate, resulting in broad AOO estimates that are subsequently downscaled to the local AOO with remote sensing. The combination of individual local AOO estimates allows the defining of the realized AOO, comprising locations with a high suitability and low uncertainty for each habitat. We applied this framework to mapping 24 protected habitat types of Natura 2000 sites in northern Spain.

Local and realized AOO were highly accurate, with a 70% overall accuracy for the realized AOO. Remote sensing data, and especially LiDAR, were the most important predictors in habitat types related to forests and shrubs, followed by rock outcrops and pastures. Environmental variables were also relevant for specific habitats subject to abiotic constraints.

The combination of ecological modelling with remote sensing offers multiple advantages over traditional field surveys and image interpretation, allowing the harmonization of habitat maps across large regions and through time. This is particularly useful for implementing conservation actions under Natura 2000 principles or assessing IUCN criteria for ecosystems.
Analysis of nectar from low‐volume flowers: A comparison of collection methods for free amino acids
Authors: Power Eileen F. , Stabler Daniel , Borland Anne M. , Barnes Jeremy , Wright Geraldine A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Floral nectar is a reward offered by flowering plants to visiting pollinators. Nectar chemistry is important for understanding plant nutrient allocation and plant–pollinator interactions. However, many plant species are difficult to sample as their flowers are small and produce low amounts of nectar.

We compared the effects of different methods of nectar collection on the amino acid composition of flowers with low volumes of nectar. We used five methods to collect nectar from 60 (5 × 12) Calluna vulgaris flowers: microcapillary tubes, a low‐volume flower rinse (the micro‐rinse method, using 2 μl water), filter paper, a high‐volume flower rinse (2 ml water) and a flower wash (2 ml water). We analysed the samples for free amino acids using quantitative UHPLC methods .

We found that the micro‐rinse method (rinsing the nectary with enough water to only cover the nectary) recovered amino acid proportions similar to raw nectar extracted using microcapillary tubes. The filter paper, 2 ml rinse and 2 ml wash methods measured significantly higher values of free amino acids and also altered the profile of amino acids. We discuss our concerns about the increased contamination risk of the filter paper and high‐volume rinse and wash samples from dried nectar across the floral tissue (nectar unavailable to floral visitors), pollen, vascular fluid and cellular fluid.

Our study will enable researchers to make informed decisions about nectar collection methods depending on their intended chemical analysis. These methods of sampling will enable researchers to examine a larger array of plant species' flowers to include those with low volumes of nectar.
Traffic noise impacts on urban forest soundscapes in south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Munro Jasmine , Williamson Ian , Fuller Susan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWhile the negative impacts of road infrastructure on faunal diversity and abundance have been extensively studied, many traffic noise studies have been conducted in the presence of confounding factors. Therefore, the extent to which traffic noise alone is responsible for impacts is not well known and a better understanding is required to inform urban planning and management decisions. We examined the impact of traffic noise on soundscape patterns at road edges in urban forests. Acoustic sensors were deployed at road and powerline edges, as well as within interior habitat, at three sites in south‐east Queensland, Australia. Powerline edges were included to separate edge effects from traffic noise impacts. We used soundscape power (normalized watts per kHz) of technophony (traffic noise in the 1–2 kHz range) and biophony (animal sounds in the 3–11 kHz range) to investigate soundscape patterns. The results showed that biophony was consistently lower at road edges and was negatively correlated with traffic noise and positively correlated with distance to road edge. Technophony was higher at road edges and was found to correlate negatively with distance to road edge and positively with traffic noise. Technophony and biophony at powerline edges generally exhibited values comparable to interior habitat. These results indicate that traffic noise affects urban forest soundscape patterns at road edges in south‐eastern Australia.
Pigeon tick bite: A neglected cause of idiopathic nocturnal anaphylaxis
Authors: Rolla G. , Heffler E. , Boita M. , Doyen V. , Mairesse M. , Cvackova M. , Debarbieux S. , Kleine‐Tebbe J. , Ollert M. , Raulf M. , Bircher A. J. , Hilger C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAnaphylaxis is a serious systemic allergic reaction with rapid onset and potentially life‐threatening. We report in detail a case of severe nocturnal anaphylaxis due to pigeon tick bite showing the diagnostic value of the extract and the recombinant allergen in the diagnostic procedures (basophil activation test, IgE immunoblot, and experimental ImmunoCAP). Apart from the presented case, we describe that during the last 10 years, we have collected 28 cases of allergy to Argas reflexus from several European countries. We suspect that this allergy is underdiagnosed because of the lack of diagnostic reagents. Because of the growing number of pigeons in Middle and Southern Europe cities, some cases of idiopathic anaphylaxis could potentially be caused by A. reflexus in those countries. The identification of pigeon ticks as a trigger of anaphylaxis would greatly improve medical care and advice for these patients as the parasite can be exterminated by eradication measures to avoid further incidents.