bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic differences between wild and hatchery‐bred brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in single nucleotide polymorphisms linked to selective traits
Authors: Linløkken Arne N. , Haugen Thrond O. , Kent Matthew P. , Lien Sigbjørn 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTo study effects from natural selection acting on brown trout in a natural stream habitat compared with a hatchery environment, 3,781 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were analyzed in three closely related groups of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). Autumn (W/0+, n = 48) and consecutive spring (W/1+, n = 47) samples of brown trout individuals belonging to the same cohort and stream were retrieved using electrofishing. A third group (H/1+, n = 48) comprised hatchery‐reared individuals, bred from a mixture of wild parents of the strain of the two former groups and from a neighboring stream. Pairwise analysis of FST outliers and analysis under a hierarchical model by means of ARLEQUIN software detected 421 (10.8%) candidates of selection, before multitest correction. BAYESCAN software detected 10 candidate loci, all of which were included among the ARLEQUIN candidate loci. Body length was significantly different across genotypes at 10 candidate loci in the W/0+, at 34 candidate loci in the W/1+ and at 21 candidate loci in the H/1+ group. The W/1+ sample was tested for genotype‐specific body length at all loci, and significant differences were found in 10.6% of all loci, and of these, 14.2% had higher frequency of the largest genotype in the W/1+ sample than in W/0+. The corresponding proportion among the candidate loci of W/1+ was 22.7% with genotype‐specific body length, and 88.2% of these had increased frequency of the largest genotype from W/0+ to W/1+, indicating a linkage between these loci and traits affecting growth and survival under this stream's environmental conditions. Bayesian structuring of all loci, and of the noncandidate loci suggested two (K = 2), alternatively four clusters (K = 4). This differed from the candidate SNPs, which suggested only two clusters. In both cases, the hatchery fish dominated one cluster, and body length of W/1+ fish was positively correlated with membership of one cluster both from the K = 2 and the K = 4 structure. Our analysis demonstrates profound genetic differentiation that can be linked to differential selection on a fitness‐related trait (individual growth) in brown trout living under natural vs. hatchery conditions. Candidate SNP loci linked to genes affecting individual growth were identified and provide important inputs into future mapping of the genetic basis of brown trout body size selection.
Opposing effects of mortality factors on progeny operational sex ratio may thwart adaptive manipulation of primary sex ratio
Authors: Moreau Gaétan , Eveleigh Eldon S. , Lucarotti Christopher J. , Morin Benoit , Quiring Dan T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDespite extensive research on mechanisms generating biases in sex ratios, the capacity of natural enemies to shift or further skew operational sex ratios following sex allocation and parental care remains largely unstudied in natural populations. Male cocoons of the sawfly Neodiprion abietis (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) are consistently smaller than those of females, with very little overlap, and thus, we were able to use cocoon size to sex cocoons. We studied three consecutive cohorts of N. abietis in six forest stands to detect cocoon volume‐associated biases in the attack of predators, pathogens, and parasitoids and examine how the combined effect of natural enemies shapes the realized operational sex ratio. Neodiprion abietis mortality during the cocoon stage was sex‐biased, being 1.6 times greater for males than females. Greater net mortality in males occurred because male‐biased mortality caused by a pteromalid parasitic wasp and a baculovirus was greater and more skewed than female‐biased mortality caused by ichneumonid parasitic wasps. Variation in the susceptibility of each sex to each family of parasitoids was associated with differences in size and life histories of male and female hosts. A simulation based on the data indicated that shifts in the nature of differential mortality have different effects on the sex ratio and fitness of survivors. Because previous work has indicated that reduced host plant foliage quality induces female‐biased mortality in this species, bottom‐up and top‐down factors acting on populations can affect operational sex ratios in similar or opposite ways. Shifts in ecological conditions therefore have the potential to alter progeny fitness and produce extreme sex ratio skews, even in the absence of unbalanced sex allocation. This would limit the capacity of females to anticipate the operational sex ratio and reliably predict the reproductive success of each gender at sex allocation.
Benefit of cardiopoietic mesenchymal stem cell therapy on left ventricular remodelling: results from the Congestive Heart Failure Cardiopoietic Regenerative Therapy (CHART‐1) study
Authors: Teerlink John R. , Metra Marco , Filippatos Gerasimos S. , Davison Beth A. , Bartunek Jozef , Terzic Andre , Gersh Bernard J. , Povsic Thomas J. , Henry Timothy D. , Alexandre Bertrand , Homsy Christian , Edwards Christopher , Seron Aymeric , Wijns William , Cotter Gad ,   for the CHART Investigators
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsLeft ventricular (LV) reverse remodelling is an important marker of improved outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure (HF). We examined the impact of the intramyocardial administration of bone‐marrow‐derived, lineage‐directed, autologous cardiopoietic mesenchymal stem cells (C3BS‐CQR‐1) on LV remodelling in patients with advanced HF enrolled in the CHART‐1 study.Methods and resultsPatients (n=351) with symptomatic advanced HF secondary to ischaemic heart disease, and reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF <35%) were randomized to receive C3BS‐CQR‐1 or a sham procedure. In a post hoc analysis we examined the effect of C3BS‐CQR‐1 on LV reverse remodelling within 1 year of the procedure and the influence of C3BS‐CQR‐1 dosing in the 271 patients treated as randomized. Delivery of C3BS‐CQR‐1 was associated with a progressive decrease in both LV end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV) and end‐systolic volume (LVESV) within 52 weeks after treatment. At 1 year, the LVEDV and LVESV of treated patients decreased by 17.0 mL and 12.8 mL greater than controls (P=0.006 and P=0.017, respectively). The effect on LVEDV was maintained after multivariable adjustment for baseline age, systolic blood pressure, LVEDV, LVEF and history of myocardial infarction. The largest reverse remodelling was evident in the patients receiving a moderate number of injections (<20).ConclusionIn CHART‐1, intramyocardial administration of cardiopoietic stem cells led to reverse remodelling as evidenced by significant progressive decreases in LVEDV and LVESV through the 52 weeks of follow‐up. Further studies are needed to explore the dose response with regard to cell number and injected volume, and reverse remodelling.
On the secrecy capacity region of 3‐user cognitive multiple‐access channels with confidential messages
Authors: Sonee Amir , Abed Hodtani Ghosheh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we study 3‐user cognitive multiple‐access channel with confidential messages (CMAC‐CM) under the perfect secrecy criterion and for the overlay paradigm. In this channel model, each cognitive user has access to the knowledge of the corresponding noncognitive users' codebooks or messages to improve the reliable communication of noncognitive users. Also, each cognitive user wishes to transmit its own message to the intended receiver in a perfectly secure manner from the corresponding noncognitive users that try to obtain information about this message by exploiting outputs from the underlying channel. For the discrete alphabet and memoryless model of this channel, known as 3‐user DM‐CMAC‐CM, first, we obtain an inner bound and an outer bound on the secrecy capacity region, and second, we prove that these bounds meet for a class of less noisy eavesdropping channels. Third, an inner bound on the secrecy capacity region of the Gaussian version of CMAC‐CM, known as GCMAC‐CM, is obtained, and fourth, it is shown that this inner bound is optimal under a special security situation for which the secrecy capacity region as well as the secrecy sum‐capacity of a class of degraded 3‐user GCMAC‐CM is proposed. Finally, by numerical analysis, we validate the theoretical results and illustrate that our model and results include the previous ones.
Enhancement of the accuracy of the finite volume particle method for the simulation of incompressible flows
Authors: Liu X. , Morita K. , Zhang S. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryA finite volume particle (FVP) method for simulation of incompressible flows that provides enhanced accuracy is proposed. In this enhanced FVP method, a dummy neighbor particle is introduced for each particle in the calculation and used for the discretization of the gradient model and Laplacian model. The error‐compensating term produced by introducing the dummy neighbor particle enables higher order terms to be calculated. The proposed gradient model and Laplacian model are applied in both pressure and pressure gradient calculations. This enhanced FVP scheme provides more accurate simulations of incompressible flows. Several 2‐dimensional numerical simulations are given to confirm its enhanced performance.
Acutely damaged axons are remyelinated in multiple sclerosis and experimental models of demyelination
Authors: Schultz Verena , van der Meer Franziska , Wrzos Claudia , Scheidt Uta , Bahn Erik , Stadelmann Christine , Brück Wolfgang , Junker Andreas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRemyelination is in the center of new therapies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis to resolve and improve disease symptoms and protect axons from further damage. Although remyelination is considered beneficial in the long term, it is not known, whether this is also the case early in lesion formation. Additionally, the precise timing of acute axonal damage and remyelination has not been assessed so far. To shed light onto the interrelation between axons and the myelin sheath during de‐ and remyelination, we employed cuprizone‐ and focal lysolecithin‐induced demyelination and performed time course experiments assessing the evolution of early and late stage remyelination and axonal damage. We observed damaged axons with signs of remyelination after cuprizone diet cessation and lysolecithin injection. Similar observations were made in early multiple sclerosis lesions. To assess the correlation of remyelination and axonal damage in multiple sclerosis lesions, we took advantage of a cohort of patients with early and late stage remyelinated lesions and assessed the number of APP‐ and SMI32‐ positive damaged axons and the density of SMI31‐positive and silver impregnated preserved axons. Early de‐ and remyelinating lesions did not differ with respect to axonal density and axonal damage, but we observed a lower axonal density in late stage demyelinated multiple sclerosis lesions than in remyelinated multiple sclerosis lesions. Our findings suggest that remyelination may not only be protective over a long period of time, but may play an important role in the immediate axonal recuperation after a demyelinating insult.
Psychometric evaluation of the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory in an acute general hospital setting
Authors: Kupeli Nuriye , Vickerstaff Victoria , White Nicola , Lord Kathryn , Scott Sharon , Jones Louise , Sampson Elizabeth L. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesThe Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI; (Cohen‐Mansfield and Kerin, 1986)) is a well‐known tool for assessing agitated behaviours in people with dementia who reside in long‐term care. No studies have evaluated the psychometric qualities and factor structure of the CMAI in acute general hospitals, a setting where people with demand may become agitated.MethodLongitudinal study investigating pain, agitation and behavioural problems in 230 people with dementia admitted to acute general hospitals in 2011–2012. Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory was completed as part of a battery of assessments including PAINAD to measure pain.ResultsA nine‐item two‐factor model of aggressive and nonaggressive behaviours proved to be the best‐fitting measurement model in this sample, (χ2 = 96.3, df = 26, p<0.001; BIC [Bayesian Information Criterion] = 4593.06, CFI [Comparative Fit Index] = 0.884, TLI [Tucker Lewis Index] = 0.839, RMSEA [Root Mean Square Error of the Approximation] = 0.108). Although similar to the original factor structure, the new model resulted in the elimination of item 13 (screaming). Validity was confirmed with the shortened CMAI showing similar associations with pain as the original version of the CMAI, in particular the link between aggressive behaviours and pain.ConclusionThe factor structure of the CMAI was broadly consistent with the original solution although a large number of items were removed. Scales reflecting physical and verbal aggression were combined to form an Aggressive factor, and physical and verbal nonaggressive behaviours were combined to form the Nonaggressive factor. A shorter, more concise version of the CMAI was developed for use in acute general hospital settings. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender differences in healthy aging and Alzheimer's Dementia: A 18F‐FDG‐PET study of brain and cognitive reserve
Authors: Malpetti Maura , Ballarini Tommaso , Presotto Luca , Garibotto Valentina , Tettamanti Marco , Perani Daniela ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database;,   Network for Efficiency and Standardization of Dementia Diagnosis (NEST‐DD) database
Published: May 2017

AbstractCognitive reserve (CR) and brain reserve (BR) are protective factors against age‐associated cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. Very limited evidence exists about gender effects on brain aging and on the effect of CR on brain modulation in healthy aging and Alzheimer's Dementia (AD). We investigated gender differences in brain metabolic activity and resting‐state network connectivity, as measured by 18F‐FDG‐PET, in healthy aging and AD, also considering the effects of education and occupation. The clinical and imaging data were retrieved from large datasets of healthy elderly subjects (HE) (225) and AD patients (282). In HE, males showed more extended age‐related reduction of brain metabolism than females in frontal medial cortex. We also found differences in brain modulation as metabolic increases induced by education and occupation, namely in posterior associative cortices in HE males and in the anterior limbic‐affective and executive networks in HE females. In AD patients, the correlations between education and occupation levels and brain hypometabolism showed gender differences, namely a posterior temporo‐parietal association in males and a frontal and limbic association in females, indicating the involvement of different networks. Finally, the metabolic connectivity in both HE and AD aligned with these results, suggesting greater efficiency in the posterior default mode network for males, and in the anterior frontal executive network for females. The basis of these brain gender differences in both aging and AD, obtained exploring cerebral metabolism, metabolic connectivity and the effects of education and occupation, is likely at the intersection between biological and sociodemographic factors. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4212–4227, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of regional Arctic sea ice extent on lagged snowfall in the contiguous United States
Authors: Kluver Daria 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe lagged relationship between Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) and United States snowfall is explored in this study. Monthly snowfall amounts are computed from 440 stations in the contiguous United States from 1979 to 2009 and compared with total and regionalized Arctic SIE over the same time period. Principal Components Analysis along with multiple linear regression is used to determine the sea ice regions and lags that explain the most variation in snowfall amount. Although previous work has identified total summer sea ice as a predictor for the following winter's US snowfall, this study shows that the Kara Sea SIE is more influential for fall snowfall, and total SIE explains snowfall variability more in the spring. In the fall, longer lags indicate that the previous spring SIE is a good predictor of snowfall. In the late winter and spring there are generally shorter lags, where early winter SIE explains the most variability in snowfall. When just the first two principal components are considered, Kara Sea SIE and atmospheric teleconnections become the most consistent predictors of subsequent US snowfall. Results highlight the skill of regionalized Arctic SIE in explaining snowfall variability and how attention to Arctic regions could potentially improve seasonal snowfall forecasts.
Bilateral vestibulopathy with positive Tullio phenomenon
Authors: Finn Sigrid , Dietzek Maren , Karvouniari Panagiota , Klingner Carsten M. , Neumann Rotraud , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando , Witte Otto W. , Axer Hubertus 
Published: May 2017

We describe the case of a 34‐year‐old patient presenting with the unique combination of bilateral vestibulopathy in combination with noise‐ and pressure‐induced nystagmus. Bilateral vestibular dysfunction was demonstrated by pathological results in video‐based head impulse testing as well as in caloric testing. In contrast, cervical vestibular‐evoked myogenic potentials were normal, demonstrating normal sacculus function. Due to the positive Tullio phenomenon, semicircular dehiscence syndrome was excluded. Recently, this symptom combination was related to the histopathological finding of vestibular atelectasis.Level of EvidenceNA.Laryngoscope, 128:1223–1225, 2018
Sensitivity analysis of magnetic field measurements for magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT)
Authors: Göksu Cihan , Scheffler Klaus , Ehses Philipp , Hanson Lars G. , Thielscher Axel 
Published: May 2017

PurposeClinical use of magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) still requires significant sensitivity improvements. Here, the measurement of the current‐induced magnetic field (ΔBz,c) is improved using systematic efficiency analyses and optimization of multi‐echo spin echo (MESE) and steady‐state free precession free induction decay (SSFP‐FID) sequences.Theory and MethodsConsidering T1, T2, and
relaxation in the signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) of the MR magnitude images, the efficiency of MESE and SSFP‐FID MREIT experiments, and its dependence on the sequence parameters, are analytically analyzed and simulated. The theoretical results are experimentally validated in a saline‐filled homogenous spherical phantom with relaxation parameters similar to brain tissue. Measurement of ΔBz,c is also performed in a cylindrical phantom with saline and chicken meat.ResultsThe efficiency simulations and experimental results are in good agreement. When using optimal parameters, ΔBz,c can be reliably measured in the phantom even at injected current strengths of 1 mA or lower for both sequence types. The importance of using proper crusher gradient selection on the phase evolution in a MESE experiment is also demonstrated.ConclusionThe efficiencies observed with the optimized sequence parameters will likely render in‐vivo human brain MREIT feasible. Magn Reson Med 79:748–760, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Relationship of changes in strain rate indices estimated from velocity‐encoded MR imaging to loss of muscle force following disuse atrophy
Authors: Malis Vadim , Sinha Usha , Csapo Robert , Narici Marco , Sinha Shantanu 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThis study explores changes in strain rate (SR) (rate of regional deformation) parameters extracted from velocity‐encoded MRI and their relationship to muscle force loss following 4‐week unilateral lower limb suspension in healthy humans.MethodsTwo‐dimensional SR maps were derived from three directional velocity‐encoded MR phase‐contrast images of the medial gastrocnemius in seven subjects. Atrophy‐related and regional differences in the SR eigenvalues, angle between the SR and muscle fiber (SR‐fiber angle), and strain rates in the fiber basis were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and linear regression.ResultsDuring isometric contraction, SR in the fiber cross section (SRin‐plane) was significantly lower, and the SR‐fiber angle was significantly higher postsuspension (P < 0.05). On multiple variable regression analysis, the volume of medial gastrocnemius, SRin‐plane, and SR‐fiber angle were significantly associated with force and changes in the, and the SR eigenvalues and shear SR were significantly associated with change in force with disuse.ConclusionsChanges in SR‐fiber angle, SRin‐plane, and shear SR as well as their ability to predict force and force changes may reflect the role of remodeling of the extracellular matrix in disuse atrophy and its functional consequence in reducing lateral transmission of force. Magn Reson Med 79:912–922, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
An arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian framework with exact mass conservation for the numerical simulation of 2D rising bubble problem
Authors: Guventurk Cagatay , Sahin Mehmet 
Published: May 2017

SummaryAn arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian framework, which combines the advantages of both Lagrangian and Eulerian methods, is presented to solve incompressible multiphase flow problems. The incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations are discretized using the side‐centered unstructured finite volume method, where the velocity vector components are defined at the midpoint of each cell face, while the pressure term is defined at element centroids. The pressure field is treated to be discontinuous across the interface with the discontinuous treatment of density and viscosity. The surface tension term at the interface is treated as a force tangent to the interface and computed with several different approaches including the use of Legendre polynomials. In addition, the several different discretizations of interface kinematic boundary conditions are investigated. For the application of the interface kinematic boundary condition, a special attention is given to satisfy both local and global discrete geometric conservation law to conserve the total mass of both species at machine precision. The mesh vertices are deformed by solving the linear elasticity equations due to the normal displacement of interface. The resulting algebraic equations are solved in a fully coupled manner, and a one‐level restricted additive Schwarz preconditioner with a block‐incomplete factorization within each partitioned subdomain is used for the resulting fully coupled system. The method is validated by simulating the classical benchmark problem of a single rising bubble in a viscous fluid due to buoyancy. The results of numerical simulations are found out to be in an excellent agreement with the earlier results in the literature. The mass of the bubble is conserved, and discontinuous pressure field is obtained to avoid errors due to the incompressibility condition in the vicinity of the interface, where the density and viscosity jumps occur.