bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses and the Origins of the Reformation Narrative
Authors: Dixon C Scott 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
With the quincentenary of the German Reformation now upon us, it is worth revisiting how, and why, the posting of the 95 theses emerged as such a defining moment in the Reformation story. It is easy to understand why it has assumed pride of place in modern histories. What is less easy to understand, however, is why the theses-posting emerged as the critical moment in the early modern accounts, for there were many other moments with even more drama and proximate significance for the Reformation. Moreover, the posting of theses had little shock-value at the time. Many professors posted academic theses, many reform-minded Christians had questioned indulgences, and many high-profile German intellectuals had written at least one critical piece against Rome. The following article begins with a survey of the origins of Reformation history and traces the incorporation of the theses-posting into the narrative stream. The second section examines the reasons why this act remained so prominent in the Lutheran memory during the two centuries after the Reformation by relating it to a broader analytical framework and sense of self-perception. The final section examines the process of reinterpretation that occurred during the period of late Lutheran Orthodoxy and the early Enlightenment, when scholars started to revisit the episode and sketch out the features of the modern view. The broader aim is to demonstrate how historical conditions can shape historical facts, even when those facts were bound to something as seemingly idealistic as the origins of a new Church.
Experimental Simulation of Clinical Borderline Situations in Temporal Bone Specimens After Ossiculoplasty
Authors: Jakob Till F. , Kromeier Jan , Baumann Tobias , Pfeiffer Jens , Neudert Marcus , Laszig Roland , Zahnert Thomas , Offergeld Christian 
Published: June 2017

Objectives:
One reason for insufficient hearing improvement with a distinct air–bone gap after ossiculoplasty with implantation of partial or total ossicular replacement prostheses can be the dislocation or minimal shifting of the prosthesis. The aim of this study was the simulation of common clinical borderline situations with minimal shifting of the prosthesis in temporal bone specimens after ossiculoplasty. It was furthermore the goal to identify these specific situations through imaging by cone beam computed tomography (cbCT) and direct visual inspection using the operation microscope. Additionally, the functional status was evaluated using laser-Doppler vibrometry (LDV).

Design:
We used a total of four temporal bone specimens for this study. A reconstruction with a partial ossicular replacement prostheses was performed in three specimens and with a total ossicular replacement prostheses in one specimen, with good initial acoustic properties. Subsequently, one specific type of prosthesis failure was simulated in each specimen, respectively, by minimally shifting, tilting, or bending the prostheses from their initial positions. These changes were introduced step-by-step until a borderline situation just short of complete acoustic decoupling was reached. Each step was examined using both LDV and cbCT and observed through the operation microscope.

Results:
LDV was able to quantify the mechanic function of the ossicular chain after most of the manipulation steps by demonstrating the effect of any shifting of the prosthesis on the middle ear transfer function. However, in some situations, the middle ear transfer function was better with a visually more advanced failure of the prosthesis. In addition, cbCT showed most of the steps with excellent resolution and was able to delineate changes in soft tissue (e.g., cartilage covering).

Conclusion:
cbCT seems to be a promising imaging technique for middle ear problems. As cbCT and LDV exhibited slightly different advantages and disadvantages regarding the demonstration of borderline situations, the combination of both techniques allowed for a more precise evaluation of middle ear reconstructions. Knowledge of the specific characteristics of these methods and their possible combination might help otologists and otosurgeons to refine indications for revision surgery and improve their personal patient counseling.
Adherence to Follow-up Recommendations Among Individuals in the Philadelphia Glaucoma Detection and Treatment Project
Authors: Hark Lisa A. , Leiby Benjamin E. , Waisbourd Michael , Myers Jonathan S. , Fudemberg Scott J. , Mantravadi Anand V. , Dai Yang , Gilligan John P. , Resende Arthur F. , Katz L. Jay 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate rates of adherence to free follow-up eye exam appointments among participants in the Philadelphia Glaucoma Detection and Treatment Project.

Patients and Methods:
Ophthalmologists and testing equipment were brought directly to participants at risk for glaucoma at 43 community sites in Philadelphia. Those diagnosed with glaucoma-related pathology were recommended to return for follow-up to be reexamined on site. Rates of adherence and clinical and demographic risk factors for adherence were evaluated.

Results:
Five hundred thirty-one participants were diagnosed with glaucoma-related conditions and recommended to attend community-based follow-up exams. Follow-up adherence rate was 61.2% (n=325/531). Significant factors associated with greater eye exam appointment adherence, based on our univariable analysis, included final diagnosis of glaucoma (risk ratio [RR]=1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.57), male sex (RR=1.19; 95% CI, 1.04-1.36), white race (RR=1.26; 95% CI, 1.08-1.48), age (RR=1.17; 95% CI, 1.00-1.37) recommendation for glaucoma medication (RR=1.52; 95% CI, 1.35-1.71), recommendation for laser peripheral iridotomy (RR=1.18; 95% CI, 1.02-1.35), diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration (RR=1.42; 95% CI, 1.13-1.77) and an increased intraocular pressure (>22 mm Hg in the worse eye) (RR=1.23; 95% CI, 1.06-1.42). On the basis of our multivariable model, diagnosis, sex, and recommended glaucoma medications were significantly associated with follow-up adherence.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that individuals living in underserved urban communities would take advantage of free eye exams in community sites and return for follow-up eye exams in these same settings. Future studies could investigate interventions to improve eye exam appointment adherence in community-based settings to detect glaucoma-eye conditions.
Examiner Handedness and the Effects on Intraocular Pressure Readings Using the Tono-Pen XL
Authors: Hacopian Alexander G. , Rushing Lauren C. , Chuang Alice Z. , Bell Nicholas P. , Kumar Kartik S. , Feldman Robert M. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
To assess the effect of examiner handedness on intraocular pressure (IOP) readings using the Tono-Pen XL in eyes without corneal pathology or previous ocular surgeries.

Patients and Methods:
Patients 18 years of age or older were included in this prospective study. Participants who had a history of corneal conditions or other characteristics that would prevent reliable IOP measurements were excluded. Five experienced examiners, 2 right-hand dominant and 3 left-hand dominant, took bilateral IOP measurements with a Tono-Pen XL. Each participant was tested by 2 examiners, 1 left-handed and 1 right-handed, in a random order. The time between each examiner’s measurements was 15 minutes. A paired t test was used to compare IOP differences between “near” (right eye for right-hand or left eye for left-hand dominant examiner) and “far” (right eye by left-hand or left eye by right-hand dominant examiner) measurements for each eye.

Results:
Forty-six participants with a mean age of 33.8 years (±12.8) were enrolled. No significant difference in IOP between near and far eyes was found (IOP difference=IOPfar–IOPnear=−0.11 [±2.74] mm Hg; P=0.70). Right-hand dominant examiners consistently measured significantly higher IOP (0.83±2.03 mm Hg; P=0.008) compared with left-hand dominant examiners, regardless of the relative position of the eye with respect to the examiner.

Conclusions:
The results suggest that IOP readings are not influenced by the positioning of the patient relative to the dominant hand of the examiner.
A Case of Testicular Rupture Diagnosed by Point-of-Care-Ultrasound
Authors: Indra Sean , Kannikeswaran Nirupama , Arora Rajan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Point-of-care ultrasound is an expanding diagnostic tool in the pediatric emergency department. We describe a case of testicular rupture diagnosed by ultrasound at the bedside, which led to prompt surgical intervention and repair.
Problems of benchmarking greenhouse gas emissions in dairy agriculture
Authors: Green Andrew , Tzilivakis John , Warner Douglas J. , Lewis Kathleen Anne 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the suitability of free carbon calculators aimed at the agricultural industry, for use in greenhouse gas (GHG) emission benchmarking, using the European dairy industry as an example.

Design/methodology/approach
Carbon calculators which were claimed to be applicable to European dairy farms were identified and tested using six production scenarios based on data from real European farms supplemented using published literature. The resulting GHG emission estimates, together with estimates apportioned using three functional units, were then compared to determine the robustness of the benchmarking results.

Findings
It was found that although there was a degree of agreement between the seven identified carbon calculators in terms of benchmarking total farm emissions, once a suitable functional unit was applied little agreement remained. Tools often ranked farms in different orders, thereby calling into question the robustness of benchmarking in the studied sector.

Research limitations/implications
The scenario-based approach taken has identified issues liable to result in a lack of benchmarking robustness within this sector; however, there remains considerable scope to evaluate these findings in the field, both within this sector and others in the agricultural industry.

Practical implications
The results suggest that there are significant hurdles to overcome if GHG emission benchmarking is to aid in driving forward the environmental performance of the dairy industry. In addition, eco-labelling foods based on GHG benchmarking may be of questionable value.

Originality/value
At a time when environmental benchmarking is of increasing importance, this paper seeks to evaluate its applicability to sectors in which there is considerable scope for variation in the results obtained.
Evaluation of educational performance of Indian states using PROMETHEE-GIS approach
Authors: Chakraborty Shankar , Paul Debapriyo , Agarwal Puneet Kumar 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
Quality education is a key requirement of a burgeoning country, like India as it aims to establish a sustained growth. However, the current situation of Indian education system is extremely poor. Although efforts are being made nationwide to improve the present situation, it is incontrovertible that different complications ail different Indian states. Some states suffer from a poor gross enrollment ratio, while others have an extremely high student-teacher ratio. The purpose of this paper is to compare the educational performance of 28 Indian states in order to identify those which require immediate attention.

Design/methodology/approach
For fulfilling this objective, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework utilizing preference ranking organization method for enrichment of evaluations and geometrical analysis for interactive aid methods is adopted.

Findings
The results indicate that the educational performance of Goa is the best amongst all the considered alternative states, while Bihar is the laggard in this direction.

Research limitations/implications
From the results, the states which fare to be the worst can easily be identified along with the specific areas/criteria, where they are falling behind. Based on these findings, necessary remedial actions can be undertaken so as to improve the educational performance of the ailing states.

Originality/value
This paper employs a novel geographic information system (GIS) method and a hue-saturation-value color coding scheme in order to determine the influence of individual criterion on the overall state rank, thereby representing an integration of MCDM and GIS which has never been applied before for educational performance evaluation.
Study of temperature reliability for a parallel high-efficiency class-E power amplifier
Authors: Lin Qian , Wu Haifeng , Li Xi 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the temperature reliability for a parallel high-efficiency class-E power amplifier (PA).

Design/methodology/approach
To explore the relationship between temperature and direct current (DC) characteristics, output power, S parameters and efficiency of the PA quantitatively, a series of reliability experiments have been designed and conducted to study the temperature reliability for this PA.

Findings
From the results, the prominent performance degradation even failure is found during the testing. Furthermore, the thermal shock test can cause permanent failure, which is a great threat for PA.

Research limitations/implications
Therefore, to ensure the good performance, the influence of temperature on PA reliability should be carefully considered during the stage of PA design.

Practical implications
All these can provide important guidance for the reliability design of PA.

Social implications
All these can give some important guidance for PA application.

Originality/value
In addition, PA is usually designed according to the electrical properties at the room temperature. From the results above, it can be concluded that it may be unable to satisfy the performance requirement at high temperature. In turn, if it is designed according to the electrical properties at low temperature, the transistor often works in the super-saturated state, the reliability of PA will become the new problem. Therefore, to ensure the good performance, the influence of temperature on PA reliability should be carefully considered during the design.
Contemporary Islamic economic studies on Maqasid Shari’ah: a systematic literature review
Authors: Shinkafi Akilu Aliyu , Ali Nor Aini 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to come-up with a systematic exertion on Maqasid Shari’ah in Islamic economics, banking and finance, with a clear focus on forming an appropriate and novel framework that identifies the effort of contemporary scholars and detects the existing gap that might possibly champion new research commitments.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic approach to literature review was steered through the means propagated by the Centre for Reviews and Disseminations (DSR), but modified to the precise requirements of this review. Google Scholar was searched throughout the passage. The search criteria are confined to English documents that are within the period of 2006-2016. Articles that did not score or did not convince that the subject of Maqasid Shari’ah has been applied in Islamic economy, Islamic banking, Islamic finance, Islamic financing products and economic development are excluded. Appropriate search keys are used to gather better results.

Findings
The findings inform that contemporary scholars show a robust commitment to the themes of the result during the stated period. The outcome reveals that contemporary scholars designate more interest and attention on Islamic banking and expose their potential specialty in the expanse than other themes. The study further highlighted the gap of some significant areas that are either outside the coverage of the reviewed documents or require more attention from contemporary scholars, for instance, wealth formation and management, wealth consumption, socioeconomic security, risk management, corporate governance, management policy, human resource development, prohibition of Riba, profit and loss sharing (PLS), etc.

Research limitations/implications
The paper is limited to contemporary aspects of Islamic economics, banking, finance and economic development that have a link with the subject of Maqasid Shari’ah.

Practical implications
A review of these scholarly reported documents has the potential to draw attention toward filling the existing gap that will likely result in salvation of current issues on the subject of Maqasid Shari’ah that has a direct association with Islamic economy, banking and finance.

Originality/value
The paper is original in its nature considering the fact that it is assumed as the maiden attempt of its kind in the field. It is a treasure to all those who may cherish and find it relevant in their progressive and rounded convention or application on the matter.
Spirituality and subjective wellbeing
Authors: Aydin Necati 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to compare free market capitalism and Islamic moral economy in terms of corresponding means and ends for a happy life. The paper reveals that global consumer culture is the inevitable outcome of secularization. As people pursue fulfillment with worldly possession, position and pleasure, they mistakenly think that higher material consumption would result in higher subjective wellbeing. Muslims are increasingly joining consumer culture because they are affected by global consumerism. The paper attempts to show that Islam has a potential to curb unsustainable consumer culture.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper explores a relationship between consumer culture and free market capitalism. It presents Islamic way of happiness as an alternative to hedonic happiness which is promoted by global consumer culture. It defines happiness as fulfillment in life through the realization of God and pursuit of His pleasure by finding transcendental meaning for having, being and doing.

Findings
The paper concludes that the Islamic way to happiness is different from hedonic happiness which leads to conspicuous consumption. It argues that once internalized, Islamic worldview would make possible to achieve a higher level of happiness without engaging in higher material consumption. It maintains that authentic happiness from an Islamic perspective is not the maximization of pleasure through indulging in consumer culture. Rather it is the fulfillment of heart and other faculties through remembrance (seeing the transcendental reality of the universe and the self) of God. Submission to God and living to gain His pleasure are the logical implications of such realization.

Originality/value
The paper reveals how consumer culture brings less happiness through more consumption, while Islam offers more happiness through less consumption.
Modeling event attendees’ experiences during customer-customer encounters (CCEs)
Authors: Wei Wei , Miao Li , Cai Liping A. , Adler Howard 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore how event attendees experience interactive encounters in the most competitive segment of the business sector of events – conferences.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 26 in-depth personal interviews was conducted with previous conference attendees. Line-by-line open coding, axial coding and selective coding are performed.

Findings
This study develops a framework for experiences during customer–customer encounters (CCEs), which presents a dual motivational structure that explains one’s participation in CCEs, a classification of typical CCEs, four processes that one experiences during CCEs and three levels of situational factors that influence experiences during CCEs.

Originality/value
This study makes one of the first attempts to propose a multidimensional conceptualization of CCE experiences using an attendee perspective. Beyond the utilitarian and social benefits, this study suggests that it is important for event studies to explore the psychological and emotional meanings of CCE experiences through an experiential lens and that the competitive battleground in event industry should lie in staging memorable experiences during CCEs.
Host-guest interactions between first-generation immigrants and their visiting relatives: social exchange, relations of care and travel
Authors: Capistrano Robert Charles , Weaver Adam 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the social interactions between Filipino immigrant-hosts residing in New Zealand and their visiting relatives (VRs) or guests from the Philippines using social exchange theory to understand their experiences.

Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative, multi-sited study used in-depth interviews to examine social interactions between Filipino immigrant-host families in New Zealand and their respective visiting relatives from the Philippines.

Findings
Hosting VRs reflects aspects of social exchange theory, and the interdependence and familial obligations related to VR travel demonstrate mutual relations of care. Maintaining relations of care within the family is an ongoing process involving intergenerational relationships that bind together immigrant-host families and their VRs.

Research limitations/implications
The conceptualization of the social interactions between immigrants-hosts and VRs is not generalizable owing to the small sample size and lack of representativeness. However, despite a small sample, this qualitative inquiry uncovered a series of personal meanings and understandings attached to the maintenance of familial bonds.

Practical implications
As immigrant-receiving countries become more culturally diverse through migration, research about other cultures will assist tourism planners in understanding the values and actions of a more varied array of residents. A better understanding of travel experiences and interactions between immigrants and their guests may provide marketers with insights into host-guest dynamics within a VR context, thus potentially enabling tourism marketers to create better marketing campaigns.

Social implications
Future studies may be undertaken from non-Western and Western perspectives that examine the social interactions between hosts and guests in the context of VR travel. Very little research has been conducted that addresses the meanings and understandings attached to these interactions from the perspectives of both hosting and visiting groups. This research highlights the importance of families in tourism, a contrast with the relative blindness of tourism scholarship toward relations of domesticity and sociality.

Originality/value
What separates the social interactions between family members in the context of visiting friends and relatives travel from the traditional host-guest paradigm is that it does not involve strangers. This study uses social exchange theory to examine social interactions between hosts and guests who are familiar with each other.