bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the monitoring system for induced voltage and ground current of 27.5 kV cable sheath in railways
Authors: Zhang Zehui , Huang Qian , Li Lewen , Li Dan , Luo Xueping , Zeng Xiaohong 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to address the deficiency in safety monitoring technology for 27.5 kV high-voltage cables within the railway traction power supply by analyzing the grounding methods employed in high-speed railways and developing an effective monitoring solution.Design/methodology/approachThrough establishing a mathematical model of induced potential in the cable sheath and analyzing its influencing factors, the principle of grounding current monitoring is proposed. Furthermore, the accuracy of data collection and alarm function of the monitoring equipment were verified through laboratory simulation experiments. Finally, through practical application in the traction substation of the railway bureau on site, a large amount of data were collected to verify the stability and reliability of the monitoring system in actual environments.FindingsThe experimental results show that the designed monitoring system can effectively monitor the grounding current of high-voltage cables and respond promptly to changes in cable insulation status. The system performs excellently in terms of data collection accuracy, real-time performance and reliability of alarm functions. In addition, the on-site trial results further confirm the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring system in practical applications, providing strong technical support for the safe operation of high-speed railway traction power supply systems.Originality/valueThis study innovatively develops a 27.5kV high-voltage cable grounding current monitoring system, which provides a new technical means for evaluating the insulation status of cables by accurately measuring the grounding current. The design, experimental verification and application of this system in high-speed railway traction power supply systems have demonstrated significant academic value and practical significance, contributing innovative solutions to the field of railway power supply safety monitoring.
Multisystemic therapy for young people involved in or at risk of child criminal exploitation: Young people and Caregivers' perspectives
Authors: Fox Simone , Wake Holly , Glorney Emily 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChild criminal exploitation is a form of child abuse, linked to youth gang involvement and with long‐lasting serious consequences for communities. Multisystemic therapy (MST) is a systemic intervention for antisocial behaviour with an extensive evidence base but there is limited research focussing on gang involved or criminally exploited young people. Through semi‐structured interviews, this study qualitatively explored young people at risk of exploitation (n = 4) and their caregivers (n = 6) experience of MST across three sites in England. Four themes emerged through thematic analysis: changes experienced; improved caregiver‐young person relationship; facilitators of change; and barriers to change. The process of MST facilitated behaviour change and supported development of support networks for caregivers and engagement with prosocial young peers. Barriers to change included young people's association with negative adults and frequent peer relationship changes. Further exploration of the complex associations between negative adults and young people at risk of exploitation is recommended.
Clinical characteristics of seizure recurrence and epilepsy development in patients with alcohol‐related seizures
Authors: Chun Min Young , An Hyungmi , Lee Hye Ah , Hwang Sungeun , Chung Seungwon , Kim Na‐Young , Lee Hyang Woon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol withdrawal is widely recognized as a trigger for acute symptomatic seizures among individuals with chronic alcohol consumption. While most alcohol withdrawal seizures occur shortly after cessation, chronic alcohol consumption can be associated with the development of epilepsy, necessitating anti‐epileptic drug (AED) therapy. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, seizure recurrence, and epilepsy development in patients with alcohol‐related seizures and to identify prognostic factors for epilepsy.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 206 patients with alcohol‐related seizures were examined and 15 were excluded due to preexisting epilepsy. Demographic and clinical data, including alcohol withdrawal duration, seizure recurrence, types, and comorbidities, were investigated. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors for seizure recurrence and epilepsy development. The performance of the final models was evaluated based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and validated using calibration plots and leave‐one‐out cross‐validation.ResultsOf the 191 patients (146 males; mean age 48.3 ± 12.1 years) with alcohol‐related seizures, 99 patients (51.8%) experienced seizure recurrence and 79 patients (41.4%) developed epilepsy. Factors associated with seizure recurrence included alcohol consumption levels, occurrence of focal impaired awareness seizure, anxiety, and headache. The number of recurrent seizures, semiology, status epilepticus, electroencephalogram findings, and brain imaging findings was associated with epilepsy development. The predictive models showed strong diagnostic performance, with AUCs of 0.833 for seizure recurrence and 0.939 for epilepsy development.ConclusionHigh alcohol consumption and specific clinical and diagnostic features are significant predictors of seizure recurrence and the development of epilepsy among patients with alcohol‐related seizures. These findings underscore the importance of early identification and intervention to prevent seizure recurrence and the onset of epilepsy, emphasizing the importance of AED treatment in managing these conditions.
Exploring the intersection of polygenic risk scores and prenatal alcohol exposure: Unraveling the mental health equation
Authors: Gerlikhman Lazer , Sarkar Dipak K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal alcohol exposure poses significant risks to offspring mental health. However, the interplay between genetic predispositions to mental health disorders and prenatal alcohol exposure remains incompletely understood, limiting our ability to develop effective interventions for these conditions.MethodsData from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study were analyzed to explore associations between polygenic risk scores (PRS) for mental disorders and maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Logistic regression and structural equation modeling were utilized to assess these relationships.ResultsMaternal alcohol consumption after pregnancy awareness was significantly associated with an increased genetic risk for specific mental health disorders, particularly bipolar disorder in offspring. The relationship between maternal alcohol consumption and mental health outcomes was influenced by polygenic risk scores, with both externalizing and internalizing problems being affected.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the specific interaction between increased genetic risk for bipolar disorder and prenatal alcohol exposure in shaping offspring mental health outcomes. The significant associations we observed underscore the importance of considering both polygenic risk scores and prenatal alcohol exposure when assessing mental health risks in children. These insights emphasize the need for targeted interventions that address both genetic predispositions and environmental exposures to better understand and mitigate the impact on offspring mental health.
Winter mortality of the bark beetle Ips typographus in standing trees and in the ground
Authors: Schroeder Martin , Kärvemo Simon , Cocos Dragos , Öhrn Petter , Weslien Jan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ips typographus is the most important tree‐killing bark beetle in Europe. In the north, it overwinters either in the bark of its host tree or in the ground, while in central Europe, overwintering in trees is most common. Few studies have estimated winter mortality of I. typographus in northern Europe.
Mortality of I. typographus adults overwintering in killed trees was estimated by comparing densities per m2 bark of live (one winter) and dead adults (five winters), and proportion of dead adults (one winter), in bark samples collected before and after winter in Sweden. Densities of live and dead larvae of predatory Medetera spp. (Dolichopodidae) were recorded in the bark samples (one winter), as was the amount of bark removed by woodpeckers from I. typographus‐killed trees during winter foraging (five winters). Mortality of I. typographus adults overwintering in the ground was estimated by spring sampling of soil (three winters).
The density of I. typographus live adults in trees was 3% lower after winter, while densities of dead adults was 6% higher and 5% lower respectively during two different outbreaks (differences after vs. before winters were non‐significant). The proportion of dead adults was 4% higher after winter (significant). Winter mortality of adults overwintering in the ground was on average 58%.
The density of Medetera was 6% and 8% lower after winter for live and dead larvae, respectively (non‐significant).
The amount of remaining bark on standing killed trees was on average 8% lower after than before winter (significant).
Mechanical circulatory support for cardiogenic shock during the peripartum period
Authors: Elad Boaz , Karas Maria , Lee Changhee , Oren Daniel , Fried Justin , Raikhelkar Jayant , Clerkin Kevin , Sayer Gabriel , Uriel Nir , Haythe Jennifer 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundCardiomyopathies account for more than half of the cardiovascular disease during the peripartum period. In the extreme, patients may present with cardiogenic shock (CS) requiring mechanical circulatory support (MCS). The aim of this study was to report our experience with CS requiring MCS in the peripartum period.MethodsWe present a single‐center retrospective analysis of all CS cases involving MCS during the peripartum period that occurred between 2012 and 2023.ResultsEleven cases were included. Median age was 33, median BMI was 30.4, and 73% underwent a caesarian‐section for delivery. CS presentation occurred in 36.4% during pregnancy and in 63.6% after delivery. Most patients were in Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions (SCAI) Stage C shock and in 37% the suspected etiology was peripartum cardiomyopathy. MCS usage included intra‐aortic balloon pump (4), Impella microaxial blood pump (2), veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (6), and temporary right ventricle assist devices (2), with some patients having multiple MCS devices. The rate of major complications was 36.4%. During a median follow‐up of 4.5 years, 7 patients had sustained cardiac recovery (63.6%), 1 patient (9.1%) underwent cardiac transplantation, 2 patients (18.2%) received a durable LVAD, and 2 (18.2%) have died.ConclusionMCS in severe CS cases during the peripartum period is rare and associated with favorable outcomes. High recovery rates suggest favoring first MCS/LVAD over transplant.
Global certification of visual impairment registries: A scoping review
Authors: Cushley Laura N. , Leonard‐Hawkhead Benedict , Jackson Andrew Jonathan , Peto Tunde 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundVisual impairment is a global problem which is predicted to rise in the coming years. Some of the biggest causes of visual impairment globally include uncorrected refractive error, cataract and age‐related macular degeneration. People with a visual impairment often require support and so many countries hold registers of visual impairment. These registers can sit at a national, regional or local level. This scoping review aims to identify which countries hold visual impairment registries and have published data from them.MethodsMedline All, Embase and EBSCOHost were searched using several search terms after consulting an information specialist. All papers after the year 2000 were included in the scoping review. All results are shown using a PRISMA diagram and presented narratively.ResultsThe total number of articles and papers identified was 1266; after screening and review, 57 articles were included in the review from 2000 to 2024. These articles came from 19 different countries and encompassed national, regional and local visual impairment databases. Many countries cited age‐related macular degeneration as the major cause of blindness with diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma following. In less economically developed countries, refractive error was the main cause of sight loss. There were papers which focused on specific eye conditions such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy or on specific cohorts including working‐age population and children. The leading causes of blindness in children appeared to be inherited retinal diseases, albinism and cerebral visual impairment.ConclusionCertification of visual impairment is held differently across the world. There is commonality among different countries regarding the major causes of visual impairment in both adults and children. The importance of holding visual impairment registers to support people with a visual impairment and to plan services is essential.
Facial basis of stereotypes: Judgements of warmth and competence based on cross‐group typicality/distinctiveness of faces
Authors: Saribay S. Adil , Pokorný Šimon , Tureček Petr , Kleisner Karel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHuman migration is an increasingly common phenomenon and migrants are at risk of disadvantageous treatment. We reasoned that migrants may receive differential treatment by locals based on the closeness of their facial features to the host average. Residents of Türkiye, the country with the largest number of refugees currently, served as participants. Because many of these refugees are of Arabic origin, we created target facial stimuli varying along the axis connecting Turkish and Arabic morphological prototypes (excluding skin colour) computed using geometric morphometrics and available databases. Participants made judgements of two universal dimensions of social perception–warmth and competence–on these faces. We predicted that participants judging faces manipulated towards the Turkish average would provide higher warmth and competence ratings compared to judging the same faces manipulated towards the Arabic average. Bayesian statistical tools were employed to estimate parameter values in multilevel models with intercorrelated varying effects. The findings did not support the prediction and revealed raters (as well as target faces) to be an important source of variation in social judgements. In the absence of simple cues (e.g. skin colour, group labels), the effect of facial morphology on social judgements may be much more complex than previously assumed.
Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies Epithelial and Immune Dysfunction‐Related Biomarkers in Food Protein‐Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome
Authors: Camino‐Mera Alba , Pardo‐Seco Jacobo , Bello Xabier , Argiz Laura , Boyle Robert J. , Custovic Adnan , Herberg Jethro , Kaforou Myrsini , Arasi Stefania , Fiocchi Alessandro , Pecora Valentina , Barni Simona , Mori Francesca , Bracamonte Teresa , Echeverria Luis , O'Valle‐Aísa Virginia , Hernández‐Martínez Noelia Lara , Carballeira Iria , García Emilio , Garcia‐Magan Carlos , Moure‐González José Domingo , Gonzalez‐Delgado Purificación , Garriga‐Baraut Teresa , Infante Sonsoles , Zambrano‐Ibarra Gabriela , Tomás‐Pérez Margarita , Machinena Adrianna , Pascal Mariona , Prieto Ana , Vázquez‐Cortes Sonia , Fernández‐Rivas Montserrat , Vila Leticia , Alsina Laia , Torres María José , Mangone Giusi , Quirce Santiago , Martinón‐Torres Federico , Vázquez‐Ortiz Marta , Gómez‐Carballa Alberto , Salas Antonio 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFood protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a food allergy primarily affecting infants, often leading to vomiting and shock. Due to its poorly understood pathophysiology and lack of specific biomarkers, diagnosis is frequently delayed. Understanding FPIES genetics can shed light on disease susceptibility and pathophysiology—key to developing diagnostic, prognostic, preventive and therapeutic strategies. Using a well‐characterised cohort of patients we explored the potential genome‐wide susceptibility factors underlying FPIES.MethodsBlood samples from 41 patients with oral food challenge‐proven FPIES were collected for a comprehensive whole exome sequencing association study.ResultsNotable genetic variants, including rs872786 (RBM8A), rs2241880 (ATG16L1) and rs2289477 (ATG16L1), were identified as significant findings in FPIES. A weighted SKAT model identified six other associated genes including DGKZ and SIRPA. DGKZ induces TGF‐β signalling, crucial for epithelial barrier integrity and IgA production; RBM8A is associated with thrombocytopenia absent radius syndrome, frequently associated with cow's milk allergy; SIRPA is associated with increased neutrophils/monocytes in inflamed tissues as often observed in FPIES; ATG16L1 is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Coexpression correlation analysis revealed a functional correlation between RBM8A and filaggrin gene (FLG) in stomach and intestine tissue, with filaggrin being a known key pathogenic and risk factor for IgE‐mediated food allergy. A transcriptome‐wide association study suggested genetic variability in patients impacted gene expression of RBM8A (stomach and pancreas) and ATG16L1 (transverse colon).ConclusionsThis study represents the first case–control exome association study of FPIES patients and marks a crucial step towards unravelling genetic susceptibility factors underpinning the syndrome. Our findings highlight potential factors and pathways contributing to FPIES, including epithelial barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation. While these results are novel, they are preliminary and need further validation in a second cohort of patients.
Association between aortic calcification and cytokine levels in patients with peripheral artery disease
Authors: Rantasalo Ville , Laukka Dan , Nikulainen Veikko , Jalkanen Juho , Gunn Jarmo , Kiviniemi Tuomas , Hakovirta Harri 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAortic calcification—a marker of advanced atherosclerosis in large arteries—associates with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Little is known about the soluble inflamJarmatory profiles involved in large artery atherosclerosis. We investigated the correlation between aortic calcification in the abdominal aorta and cytokine levels in a cohort of peripheral artery disease patients. Aortic calcification index was measured from computed tomography exams and circulating cytokine levels were analyzed from blood serum samples of 156 consecutive patients prior to invasive treatment of peripheral artery disease. The study included 156 patients (mean age 70.7 years, 64 (41.0%) women). The mean ankle‐brachial index (ABI) was 0.64 and the mean aortic calcification index (ACI) was 52.3. ACI was associated with cytokines cutaneous T‐cell‐attracting chemokine CTACK (β 23.08, SE 5.22, p < 0.001) and monokine induced by gamma‐interferon MIG (β 9.40, SE 2.82, p 0.001) in univariate linear regression. After adjustment with cardiovascular risk factors, CTACK and MIG were independently associated with ACI, β 17.9 (SE 5.22, p < 0.001) for CTACK and β 6.80 (SE 3.33, p 0.043) for MIG. CTACK was significantly higher in the patients representing the highest ACI tertile (highest vs. middle, 7.53 vs. 7.34 Tukeys HSD p‐value 0.023 and highest vs. lowest tertile 7.53 vs. 7.29, Tukeys HSD p‐value 0.002). MIG was significantly higher in the highest tertile versus lowest (7.65 vs. 7.30, Tukeys HSD p‐value 0.027). Cytokines CTACK and MIG are associated with higher ACI, suggesting that CTACK and MIG reflect atherosclerotic disease burden of the aorta. This might further suggest the possible association with other cardiovascular morbidities.
Optimized fosfomycin regimens for treating carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in critically ill patients with varying degrees of renal function
Authors: Tidwong Nattapong , Chanruang Anan , Chupradit Suthanya , Parker Suzanne L. , Leelawattanachai Pannee , Winichakoon Poramed , Punyawudho Baralee 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFosfomycin has been used to treat carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections. However, there is insufficient information on dosage adjustment among critically ill patients with renal impairment. This study aims to evaluate the attainment of PK/PD targets for different dosage regimens of CRAB treatment in critically ill patients based on their renal function. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to assess the probability of achieving time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T > MIC) of 80% and 100% and to determine the cumulative fraction response (CFR) against institutional MICs. Our results demonstrated that administering fosfomycin 20–24 g/day to individuals with normal renal function (CrCl ≥60 mL/min) achieved the target at a MIC of ≤64 and ≤32 μg/mL during the first 24 h of treatment and at steady state, respectively. Notably, those with renal impairment achieved higher MIC values at a steady state despite dosage reduction. None of the regimens reached the target CFR. Our study suggested that administering fosfomycin at least 20 g/day to those with normal renal function provides sufficient exposure throughout the treatment course when the MIC value is ≤32 μg/mL. Less aggressive dosing regimens are advisable for patients with renal impairment. Additional clinical studies are necessary to verify our suggestions.
Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Presenting as an Incidental Posterior Mediastinal Mass
Authors: Goldberg Chaya , Diaz DeAnna , Brandler Tamar 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMedullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an uncommon neuroendocrine tumour that is usually asymptomatic at its onset and therefore may not present clinically until the patient has developed advanced or metastatic disease. Common metastatic sites include cervical lymph nodes, liver, bone and lung. This is the case of a patient who presented with an incidental posterior mediastinal mass. Because the posterior mediastinum is an unusual location for MTC, MTC was not a consideration and preliminary histopathological testing did not include calcitonin, which would have been diagnostic. This case highlights the importance of testing for calcitonin more regularly when encountering a mass of unknown origin with neuroendocrine morphology, which may lead to earlier detection of MTC and thus improved prognosis.