bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of development, postharvest handling, and storage conditions on the carbohydrate components of sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas Lam.) roots
Authors: Nabubuya Agnes , Namutebi Agnes , Byaruhanga Yusuf , Narvhus Judith , Wicklund Trude 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChanges in total starch and reducing sugar content in five sweetpotato varieties were investigated weekly during root development and following subjection of the roots to different postharvest handling and storage conditions. Freshly harvested (noncured) roots and cured roots (spread under the sun for 4 days at 29–31°C and 63–65% relative humidity [RH]) were separately stored at ambient conditions (23°C–26°C and 70–80% RH) and in a semiunderground pit (19–21°C and 90–95% RH). Changes in pasting properties of flour from sweetpotato roots during storage were analyzed at 14‐day intervals. Significant varietal differences (p < .05) in total starch, sucrose, glucose, maltose, and fructose concentrations were registered. The total starch and sucrose content of the roots did not change significantly (p < .05) during root development (72.4 and 7.4%, respectively), whereas the average concentrations of glucose, maltose, and fructose decreased markedly (0.46–0.18%, 0.55–0.28%, and 0.43–0.21%), respectively. Storage led to decrease in total starch content (73–47.7%) and increase in sucrose and glucose concentrations (8.1–11.2% and 0.22–1.57%, respectively). Storage also resulted in reduction in sweetpotato flour pasting viscosities. Curing resulted in increased sucrose and glucose concentrations (9.1–11.2% and 0.45–0.85%, respectively) and marked reduction (p < .05) in total starch content (72.9–47.6%). This resulted in low pasting viscosities compared to flour from storage of uncured roots. These findings show that significant changes occur in the carbohydrate components of sweetpotato roots during storage compared to development and present an opportunity for diverse utilization of flours from sweetpotato roots in the food industry.
Analysis of vascular homogeneity and anisotropy on high‐resolution primate brain imaging
Authors: Kennel Pol , Fonta Caroline , Guibert Romain , Plouraboué Franck 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUsing a systematic investigation of brain blood volume, in high‐resolution synchrotron 3D images of microvascular structures within cortical regions of a primate brain, we challenge several basic questions regarding possible vascular bias in high‐resolution functional neuroimaging. We present a bilateral comparison of cortical regions, where we analyze relative vascular volume in voxels from 150 to 1000 μm side lengths in the white and grey matter. We show that, if voxel size reaches a scale smaller than 300 µm, the vascular volume can no longer be considered homogeneous, either within one hemisphere or in bilateral comparison between samples. We demonstrate that voxel size influences the comparison between vessel‐relative volume distributions depending on the scale considered (i.e., hemisphere, lobe, or sample). Furthermore, we also investigate how voxel anisotropy and orientation can affect the apparent vascular volume, in accordance with actual fMRI voxel sizes. These findings are discussed from the various perspectives of high‐resolution brain functional imaging. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5756–5777, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Winter is coming: Diapause in the subtropical swallowtail butterfly Euryades corethrus (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) is triggered by the shortening of day length and reinforced by low temperatures
Authors: Caporale Andressa , Romanowski Helena Piccoli , Mega Nicolás Oliveira 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDiapause is modulated by genetic responses to some environmental cues. The most common stimulus to trigger diapause is photoperiod, but temperature and humidity can also be important. Subtropical grasslands insects are overexposed to seasonality and can use diapause as strategy to overcome harsh conditions, avoiding freezing winter temperatures and drought summer conditions. Here, we investigate if photoperiod, temperature, and humidity can induce and terminate dormancy using the model Euryades corethrus, a butterfly from Pampa that diapause as pupae. We hypothesize that photoperiod, temperature, and humidity can induce dormancy; to test the hypothesis, individuals from a stock population were subjected to experiments controlling these three factors. Photoperiod and temperature interactions were also tested. To evaluate if the removal of the harsh factor that induced diapause trigger diapause termination, 50% of dormant pupae in each experiment were exposed to amenable conditions. The results indicated that diapause is mainly induced by short photophases, while temperature and humidity separately do not increase dormancy frequency. Short photoperiods and low temperatures interact with each other, increasing dormancy in experimental populations. The evidences suggest that diapause is trigger by short‐day lengths and boosted by low temperatures as winter approaches. The incidence of obligatory summer diapause was not supported, but the occurrence of dormant pupae in high‐temperature treatments suggests that high temperatures produce facultative diapause. Regarding diapause termination, the softening of harsh conditions that induced diapause was not sufficient to reverse the dormancy state, suggesting that diapause termination is more complex than previously thought, probably involving internal clocks.
Metabolic plasticity in development: Synergistic responses to high temperature and hypoxia in zebrafish,Danio rerio
Authors: Pan Tien‐Chien Francis , Hunt von Herbing Ione 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study investigated interactions of temperature and hypoxia on metabolic plasticity and regulation in zebrafish,Danio rerio, in the first week of development. Larval morphometry, oxygen consumption, and metabolic responses to acute changes in temperature and oxygen were measured in larvae reared under four conditions, including control (28°C and partial pressures of oxygen [PO2] of 21 kPa), high temperature (31°C), hypoxia (11 kPa), and the two stressors combined. Rearing conditions did not result in consistent morphometric changes; substantial metabolic adjustments, however, were evident. While acute temperature increase resulted in elevated oxygen consumption, with aQ10of 2.2 ± 0.08, early‐staged larvae were able to compensate to chronic temperature rise as routine metabolic rates did not differ between 28°C and 31°C chronic treatments. In contrast, larval responses to chronic and acute hypoxia were similar, with ∼30% decrease in metabolic rates from normoxic values at both temperatures. Further, prior exposure to chronic hypoxia in conjunction with acute high temperature increasedQ10by a factor of 2.5 from 2.2 ± 0.08 to 5.6 ± 0.19. Metabolic suppression by acute hypoxia was independent of any prior exposure conditions. In short, results from this study showed that zebrafish larvae exhibited surprising temperature resilience and metabolic plasticity to a 3°C temperature rise even in their first week of life. Yet exposure to a second stressor (hypoxia) resulted in elevated sensitivity to temperature change that may lead to bioenergetic imbalance due to synergetic effects of temperature and hypoxia on metabolic rates.
The Underlying Architecture of the Creative Worlds of Children: Young Persons from theUKand China Unwittingly Generate More Concepts that Violate Ontological Category Structure Than Do Older Adults During an Exemplar‐Generation Task
Authors: Gregory Justin P. , Greenway Tyler S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIs our cognition the underlying architecture of the recurrent and pan‐cultural imaginative ideas of children and adolescents? Recent cross‐cultural studies show that children and adolescents recall proportionally more creative, counterintuitive concepts than older adults. One outstanding concern is that cultural transmission is also constrained by how concepts emerge into culture. Hence, a broad sample of age demographics inUKandChina (10–58 years;N = 90) participated in an exemplar‐generation task where participants assembled statements exemplifying conceptual categories of positive and negative emotion, imagery, humor, and inferential potential. Multiple regression analysis considering counterintuitiveness and age revealed young persons generated significantly more imaginative, counterintuitive ideas than older adults, in bothUKand China groups. This cross‐cultural support for an underlying cognitive architecture of human creativity builds on Ward's (1994) research onstructured imagination.
Trends in hip replacements between 1999 and 2012 in Sweden
Authors: Cnudde Peter , Nemes Szilard , Bülow Erik , Timperley John , Malchau Henrik , Kärrholm Johan , Garellick Göran , Rolfson Ola 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTNational Registers document changes in the circumstance, practice, and outcome of surgery with the passage of time. In the context of total hip replacement (THR), registers can help elucidate the relevant factors that affect the clinical outcome. We evaluated the evolution of factors related to patient, surgical procedure, socio‐economy, and various outcome parameters after merging databases of the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Statistics Sweden and the National Board of Health and Welfare. Data on 193,253 THRs (164,113 patients) operated between 1999 and 2012 were merged. We studied the evolution of surgical volume, patient demographics, socio‐economic factors, surgical factors, length‐of‐stay, mortality rate, adverse events, re‐operation and revision rates, and Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). Throughout this time period the majority of patients were operated on with a diagnosis of primary osteoarthritis. Comorbidity indices increased each year observed. The share of all‐cemented implants has dropped from 92% to 68%. More than 88% of the bearings were metal‐on‐polyethylene. Length‐of‐stay decreased by 50%. There was a reduction in 30‐ and 90‐day mortality. Re‐operation and revision rates at 2 years are decreasing. The post‐operative PROMs improved despite the observation of worse pre‐operative pain scores getting over time. The demographics of patients receiving a THR, their comorbidities, and their primary diagnosis are changing. Notwithstanding these changes, outcomes like mortality, re‐operations, revisions, and PROMs have improved. The practice of hip arthroplasty has evolved, even in a country such as Sweden that is considered to be conservative with regard taking on new surgical practices. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 36:432–442, 2018.
Identification and characterisation of the proteins bound by specific phage‐displayed recombinant antibodies (scFv) obtained against Brazil nut and almond extracts
Authors: de la Cruz Silvia , Madrid Raquel , García-García Aina , Alcocer Marcos , Martín Rosario , González Isabel , García Teresa 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlmonds and Brazil nuts are widely consumed allergenic nuts whose presence must be declared according to food labelling regulations. Their detection in food products has been recently achieved by ELISA methods with recombinant antibodies (scFv) isolated against complete Brazil nut and almond protein extracts. The screening of phage‐scFv libraries against complete protein extracts confers a series of advantages over the use of purified proteins, as recombinant proteins might alter their native folding. However, using this strategy, the nature of the target detected by phage‐displayed antibodies remains unknown, and requires further research to identify whether they are nut allergens or other molecules present in the extract, but not related to their allergenic potential.RESULTSElectrophoretic, chromatographic, immunological and spectrometric techniques revealed that the Brazil nut (BE95) and almond (PD1F6 and PD2C9) specific phage‐scFvs detected conformational epitopes of the Brazil nut and almond 11S globulins, recognised by WHO/IUIS as Ber e 2 and Pru du 6 major allergens. Circular dichroism data indicated that severe heat treatment would entail loss of epitope structure, disabling scFv for target detection.CONCLUSIONSThe presence of important Brazil nut and almond allergens (Ber e 2 and Pru du 6) in foodstuffs can be determined by using phage‐display antibodies BE95, PD1F6 and PD2C9 as affinity probes in ELISA. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Age‐related histologic and biochemical changes in auricular and septal cartilage
Authors: Riedler Kiersten L. , Shokrani Alireza , Markarian Alexander , Fisher Laurel M. , Pepper Jon‐Paul 
Published: August 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo characterize the histologic and biochemical properties of auricular and septal cartilage and analyze age‐related changes in middle‐aged to older adults.Study DesignCross‐sectional study of auricular and septal cartilage from 33 fresh cadavers.MethodsAuricular and septal cartilage specimens were stained using Safranin O for glycosaminoglycans, Verhoeff's stain for elastin, and Masson's trichrome for collagen. Percentage of tissue stained, cell density and size were quantified. Relationships between donor characteristics and histologic properties were evaluated using mixed model analyses.ResultsThe average donor age was 75 years (standard deviation = 11 years; range, 55–93 years). In auricular cartilage, each 1‐year increase in age was associated with a 0.97% decrease in glycosaminoglycans (P < .001) and a 0.98% decrease in elastin (P < .001). In septal cartilage, glycosaminoglycans decreased 2.4% per year (P < .001). Age did not affect collagen content significantly in auricular (P = .417) or septal cartilage (P = .284). Cell density and cell size declined with age in auricular (both P < .001) and septal cartilage (P = .044, P = .032, respectively). Compared to septal cartilage in patients of all ages, auricular cartilage had more glycosaminoglycans, less collagen, higher cell density, and smaller cells.ConclusionsIn auricular and septal cartilage, glycosaminoglycans, elastin, cell density, and cell size decrease significantly with age in patients over 55 years of age. Glycosaminoglycan content declines faster with age in septal cartilage than auricular cartilage. These age‐related changes may affect biomechanical properties and tissue viability, and thereby have implications for graft choice in functional, aesthetic, and reconstructive nasal surgery.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 127:E399–E407, 2017
Fatty acid derivatives from the halotolerant fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides
Authors: Peng Xiaoping , Wang Yi , Zhu Guoliang , Zhu Weiming 
Published: August 2017

Halotolerant fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides OUCMDZ‐187 was isolated from the mangrove plant Rhizophora stylosa collected in Shankou, Guangxi Province of China. Three new fatty acid esters cladosporesters A–C (1–3) and 5 new fatty acids cladosporacids A–E (4–8) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation broth of OUCMDZ‐187 in a hypersaline (10% salt) medium. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, MS, specific rotation, and 1D and 2D NMR data.
Unprecedented strong blue photoluminescence from hyperbranched polycarbonate: From its fluorescence mechanism to applications
Authors: Huang Wei , Yan Hongxia , Niu Song , Du Yuqun , Yuan Luyao 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTFluorescent polymers without π‐aromatic structure have been a hot spot in recent years. Polycarbonate has been applied in industry for many years; however, the fluorescent behavior of the polycarbonate has not been reported yet. Therefore, a kind of hyperbranched polycarbonate (HBPC) has been synthesized under solvent and catalyst‐free condition. Unexpectedly, the novel HBPC containing no conventional chromophores exhibits unimagined bright blue fluorescence under the irradiation of 334 nm UV light. The intensity of the HBPC fluorescence is rising in step with its concentration going up, showing an aggregation‐induced enhanced emission (AIEE). It is more interestingly that the fluorescence of HBPC could be affected by pH and metal ions. Specifically, the fluorescence of HBPC is extraordinarily sensitive to the Fe3+. TEM micrographs show that the HBPC self‐assemble to clustering in water. Rudimentary investigation illustrates that the formation of cluster accounts for the unexpected fluorescence in the HBPC. This phenomenon is typical of Clustering‐Triggered emission (CTE). This study exhibits a novel route for the design of CTE fluorescent polymers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3690–3696
Environmental fate and behaviour of the biocontrol agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CPA‐8 after preharvest application to stone fruit
Authors: Vilanova Laura , Teixidó Neus , Usall Josep , Balsells‐Llauradó Marta , Gotor‐Vila Amparo , Torres Rosario 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacillus amyloliquefaciens strain CPA‐8 has been described as an effective biocontrol agent to control brown rot in stone fruit for both preharvest and postharvest applications. However, no information about the environmental fate and behaviour of this strain under field conditions is available.RESULTSThe dispersion of the CPA‐8 application was evaluated using water‐sensitive papers, and complete coverage was observed on the leaves of treated trees, while <1% of non‐treated tree leaves had CPA‐8. CPA‐8 persisted on the fruit of treated trees during preharvest and postharvest conditions, while a significant decrease on leaves and weeds was observed 21 days after treatment. On non‐treated trees, CPA‐8 was detected on leaves until 180 days after treatment, and on weeds, the CPA‐8 population was dependent on the distance from the treated trees. A high persistence of CPA‐8 was detected on inert materials, such as clothes and gloves worn by handlers and plastic harvesting boxes. More than 99% of the samples with a CPA‐8 phenotype were confirmed as CPA‐8 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).CONCLUSIONThis work demonstrated a good distribution, persistence and adaptation of the CPA‐8 strain to field and postharvest conditions. Monitoring of dispersion and persistence is an excellent tool to determine the time of application and provides valuable information for registering issues. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Correlation energy from random phase approximations: A reduced density matrices perspective
Authors: Pernal Katarzyna 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRandom phase approximation (RPA) electron correlation methods have gained in popularity in the recent years. A number of RPA correlation energy variants emerged in the Kohn–Sham DFT framework and in the theory of strongly orthogonal geminals. Foundations of most RPA approaches trace back to an exact expression for two‐electron reduced density matrix written in terms of one‐electron density matrix and dynamic one‐electron response functions, originally presented in the seminal paper of McLachlan and Ball (Rev. Mod. Phys. 1964, 36, 844). The aim of this article is to give a pedagogical introduction to possible approaches for describing electron correlation energy based on the McLachlan and Ball formula. The focus of the presentation is to formulate electron‐interaction energy expressions as functions of reduced density matrices. On one hand, it provides a common umbrella for RPA approximations proposed for uncorrelated (Hartree–Fock or Kohn–Sham) as well as partially correlated (strongly orthogonal geminals) references. On the other hand, such presentation may stimulate new developments in density matrix functional theory.
Pressure‐Induced Phase Transition in Weyl Semimetallic WTe2
Authors: Xia Juan , Li Dong‐Fei , Zhou Jia‐Dong , Yu Peng , Lin Jun‐Hao , Kuo Jer‐Lai , Li Hai‐Bo , Liu Zheng , Yan Jia‐Xu , Shen Ze‐Xiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTungsten ditelluride (WTe2) is a semimetal with orthorhombic Td phase that possesses some unique properties such as Weyl semimetal states, pressure‐induced superconductivity, and giant magnetoresistance. Here, the high‐pressure properties of WTe2 single crystals are investigated by Raman microspectroscopy and ab initio calculations. WTe2 shows strong plane‐parallel/plane‐vertical vibrational anisotropy, stemming from its intrinsic Raman tensor. Under pressure, the Raman peaks at ≈120 cm−1 exhibit redshift, indicating structural instability of the orthorhombic Td phase. WTe2 undergoes a phase transition to a monoclinic T′ phase at 8 GPa, where the Weyl states vanish in the new T′ phase due to the presence of inversion symmetry. Such Td to T′ phase transition provides a feasible method to achieve Weyl state switching in a single material without doping. The new T′ phase also coincides with the appearance of superconductivity reported in the literature.
A Global Assessment of Access to and Use of Medical Information: The State of Evidence‐Based Surgery
Authors: LaGrone Lacey N. , Fuhs Amy K. , Egoavil Eduardo Huaman , Langdale Lorrie A. , Fuangworawong Phupit , Hamasaki Jose Luis , Gyedu Adam , Mock Charles N. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to assess surgeons’ access to and use of medical information, as well as their training and perceptions about evidence‐based medicine (EBM), in order to identify priority areas for improvement.Study designAn anonymous survey conducted among surgeons from the USA, Ghana, Peru, and Thailand examined access to, and use and perception of, medical literature.ResultsOf 307 participants, 98% reported access to “OK” or “good” internet. Fifty‐one percent reported that language was a barrier to accessing needed medical information; most frequently in Peru (73%) and Thailand (64%). Access to priced full‐text journals was poorest in Peru, where 54% lacked access, followed by Ghana (42%) and Thailand (32%). US respondents scored highest on the EBM knowledge test (1.4, SD 0.8), followed by Thailand (1.3, SD 0.9), Ghana (1.1, SD 0.8), and Peru (0.9, SD 0.8) (p < 0.001). Adjusted analysis revealed Ghanaians and Peruvians spent 5% and 1% more on medical information, respectively, relative to country income, than persons from other countries (p < 0.01). After adjustment, employment in a large and/or urban hospital and history of EBM training were associated with better EBM test scores, while middle‐income origin and public hospital employment were associated with worse scores (p < 0.05).ConclusionLanguage, access to priced full‐text journals, and training are significant barriers to surgeons’ practice of EBM globally. The way forward involves collaboration among surgical societies, publishers, hospital employers, and international policymakers in providing surgeons from all country income levels with the access and training necessary to interpret and apply medical information.