bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Suture Suspension Brow Lift
Authors: Thomas Mohan , Menon Hari , D'Silva James Allan , Bandekar Nitin 
Published: January 2017

Background: Endoscopic brow lift and brow suspension have been combined to create a new minimal access brow lift that addresses key elements in forehead rejuvenation. Anatomical studies have focused on the importance of lateral brow repositioning and maintenance of the medial retaining ligaments to create a natural, appealing brow lift. Method: The authors describe the percutaneous suture suspension brow lift (PSSBL) technique for upper periorbital rejuvenation and their experience using the technique. The PSSBLs were performed in 25 patients during a 2-year period. Twelve patients had a brow lift in conjunction with an upper blepharoplasty. Of these, 3 patients had only a periorbital rejuvenation by brow lift and blepharoplasty. Twelve cases had only a brow lift for rejuvenation of the periorbital region along with other facial rejuvenation procedures. One patient had a unilateral brow lift to correct posttraumatic asymmetry. Results: All patients were seen for at least 3 postoperative visits extending to an average of 12 months postoperatively. Two patients underwent a redo procedure because of breakdown of sutures. There were no cases of postoperative brow asymmetry except in those in whom a redo had to be performed. Conclusions: The PSSBL is a safe and technically simple technique that helps achieve optimal esthetic results in brow lift with few complications and a high patient acceptance rate.
Heterotopic Bone Formation around a Solid Silicone Chin Implant
Authors: Johnson Christopher T. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Solid silicone implants have been used successfully with few complications in facial cosmetic surgery since the mid 1960s. The objective of this paper is to report an unusual sequela associated with a solid silicone implant placed for chin augmentation. Methods: Case Report Case Presentation: A 28-year-old Caucasian female presented with complaints of changes in her chin appearance for the past 2 years. She had a mandibular solid silicone implant placed 11 years prior and was happy with the results for 9 years when she began to notice enlargement of the right inferior border which progressed over 2 years prompting a consult at my office. Clinical examination revealed a mild enlargement of the right anterior mandibular border when compared with the left. She had good chin projection and no noticeable mobility of the implant. Radiographic studies revealed a heterotopic bone along the right anterior border of the mandible. Under intravenous sedation and local anesthesia, the inferior mandible and implant were exposed via the previous extra-oral approach. The bone was exposed and removed from the chin implant, which was stable, and without infection. The wound was closed and the patient was discharged and did well at her postoperative appointment. Discussion: Solid silicone facial implants have been used with great success for a few decades by different specialties. A variety of complications have been reported, such as displacement, early and late infections, patient dissatisfaction with the result, bony resorption, and prolonged edema. This is the first reported case of heterotopic bone formation around a solid silicone implant to this author's knowledge. Conclusion: Heterotopic bone formations around a solid silicone implant likely result from an intact periosteum in conjunction with the nature of the silicone capsules.
External Ultrasound-Assisted Liposuction of the Abdomen: A Report of our Experience
Authors: Nease Carey J. , English Jim L. 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Ultrasound-assisted liposuction (UAL) is currently an accepted and commonly used method, although the incidence of complications is noteworthy. In 1997, Silberg introduced the concept of external ultrasound-assisted liposuction (XUAL) to facilitate the standard technique with an expected decreased incidence of complications when compared with UAL. This article reports our experience with XUAL of the abdomen at a single cosmetic surgery center over a 1-year period. Methods: Two groups of 15 patients each underwent abdominal liposuction. Group 1 received the tumescent technique, and Group 2 received external ultrasound treatment, again using the tumescent technique. Ultrasonic energy was applied to the entire abdominal area in a standard fashion using the Intellect Legend Combo 2-C ultrasound unit set to 1.5 watts/cm2 continuous pulse for 10 minutes immediately following infusion of the tumescent solution. Patients were evaluated postoperatively for adverse events. Adverse events were defined as excessive edema, ecchymosis, seroma greater than 50 cc, hematoma, infection, and wound breakdown. Results: No cases of adverse events occurred in any patient in the immediate postoperative period. However, at the first postoperative appointment, it was notable that 2 of 15 patients in group 1 (13%) had developed a significant (>50 cc) lower abdominal seroma. Both patients were successfully treated with a single closed drainage procedure in the office via needle aspiration. In group 2 at the first postoperative visit, it was notable that 5 of the 15 patients (33%) presented with a significant (>50 cc) lower abdominal seroma. All patients in group 2 were successfully treated with drainage of the fluid via needle aspiration or by opening the midline lower port and placing a passive drain (in several cases). An average of 2.5 drainage procedures was required for resolution of the seromas in group 2. Discussion: The incidence of seroma formation was clearly linked to higher body mass index (BMI) and total fat volume removed. Consistent variables included tumescent volume infused, amount of ultrasound energy delivered, and cannula size used during the tumescent infusion and aspiration procedure. In most patients, the flanks and low back were also sculpted with the liposuction technique; however, the abdomen was the only area treated preoperatively with ultrasound. It is notable that the only area to develop a seroma was the abdomen, which suggests that the ultrasound could be related to seroma formation. The cause of seroma formation remains unknown; however, the possibilities of septal breakdown, lymphatic and venous damage, and cavity formation are reasonable. Conclusion: The incidence of seroma formation may be increased with XUAL of the abdomen. Additional studies are needed to prove that the benefits of XUAL treatment provided preoperatively outweigh the risk for adverse events.
Radix Grafting to Maintain Dorsal Height
Authors: Gilbert Scott E. 
Published: January 2017

Over the past 25 years, the trend for rhinoplasty has been toward higher dorsums. This emphasis on the more aesthetically prominent nose has led to examination of augmenting the radix to achieve this higher dorsum. Traditionally, augmentation of the radix has been limited to those cases where the radix is disproportionately low. While it is true that augmentation due to low radix disproportion is the major criterion for radix grafts, radix augmentation may benefit many patients who do not fit into that category. It is well known that the dorsum will rise after lateral osteotomies and nasal bone infracture. Without reduction this can create a hump. Integrity of the dorsal projection achieved with the infracture can be maintained by implementation of the radix graft procedure which overcomes the appearance of a dorsal hump. A retrospective review of 52 patients who underwent radix grafting was performed. Some were augmented due to low radix disproportion and some were augmented to maintain the aesthetic line of the higher dorsal projection. This review examined the following criteria: type of cartilage graft used; cartilage morselization; cartilage tiering, complications; and, revisions of radix graft implants. This study examines the use of radix grafting in those instances where a high profile cannot be otherwise achieved. A broader utility of radix grafting is encouraged to maintain dorsal height in aesthetic rhinoplasty.
Revision Rhinoplasty and Frontal Prefabricated Island Flap in Partial Nasal Reconstruction
Authors: Meyer R. 
Published: January 2017

Frequent late complications in partial nasal reconstructions are pinched nose and alar collapse. Both are managed by extra-mucosal dissection of the lining in the upper and lower lateral cartilage area and by supporting the alae with cartilage or composite grafts. For surgical management of septal perforation up to 4 cm in diameter, the mucoperichondrium and the mucoperiosteum are dissected like a sleeve, facilitating suture of the perforation in both flaps. The procedure ends with the interposition of a dryed sheet of parietal fascia. For perforations larger than 4 cm in diameter, I advocate a three-stage procedure with a spoon-shaped compound buccal flap. At the present time, the flaps I prefer are the compound forehead island flap, the frontotemporal flap, the fronto-parieto-postauricular occipital flap, and the oblique forehead flap. The frontotemporal and the compound island flap are already modeled as much as possible at the donor area using skin, mucosa, and cartilage grafts for prefabrication of the structures of tip alae and columella before transfer to the defect.
Mixed Liposculpture: Aspiration and Ultrasonic
Authors: Ferreria Julio A. 
Published: January 2017

This article reviews the history of body contouring by closed fat removal from the earliest recorded description to the present. The author describes his use of combinations of different types of f at removal by aspiration, including the hand-held syringe, aspiration with a suction aspirator, and a combination of techniques he has used with ultrasonic lipolysis and fat removal. There has been an evolution of technique in his practice of over 680 procedures. The term “mixed liposculpture” is coined to describe the use of ultrasonic lipolysis combined with aspiration of the treated tissue using low-power machine aspiration or syringe. The author's experience with this technique has resulted in less physical effort by the surgeon, more exact modeling of body contours, excellent results in liposclerosis, a more comfortable postoperative course for the patient, and fewer hematomas and complications.
Suction with Rotating Cannula
Authors: Mole B. 
Published: January 2017

The Liposoft® device combines a traditional suction with a rotating cannula that fits into a motorized handpiece. The rotation from 0 to 400 rpm allows, in one procedure, the treatment of lipodystrophies through 360 degrees. Security is insured by an adjustable torque limitation device that prevents risk of accidental rolling up when the cannula meets resistance. We carried out a study of 28 cases and concluded that this technique is advantageous in certain lipodystrophies (suctions from 1.5 to 8.2 liters) and in dense areas that are not easy to treat (epigastrium, knees, rolls of fat in the back). For small lipodystrophies, the Liposoft® device has no advantage that would justify its use.
The Psychological Aspects of Hair Loss Treatment: A Clinical Study of 500 Patients
Authors: Giotis K. P. 
Published: January 2017

Hair loss is a psychological problem. Untreated hair loss is, of course, not detrimental to health and a person experiencing hair loss can continue to live a perfectly healthy life, unhindered. Why then is a cure so important to millions of patients and thousands of scientists? Unquestionably, it is because a psychological problem is indeed a health problem and needs to be addressed. Analysis of the reasons why hair loss disturbs the human mind is for the philosopher, the sociologist, and the anthropologist. This study focuses on identifying the patient's approach to the problem. One thousand patients completed a questionnaire that had been devised with the help of a psychologist. The research focused on patients' awareness of the problem and of the treatments available, their reasons for seeking treatment, their biggest fears before treatment, and which age group is most concerned with hair loss.
Using Interactive Compact Disc to Reach Prospective Patients
Authors: Surgnier Jeff , Baker Sheryl 
Published: January 2017

“New Patient” is an interactive compact disc (CD) program that features a host and hostess presenting motivational material and information about popular cosmetic surgery procedures. It is illustrated by fast-paced live-action video and relevant pre- and postoperative examples. The viewer presses on the interactive monitor screen to view particular topics of interest, such as face-lift, laser resurfacing, and many others. After viewing as many topics as they like, they may enter their own name and phone number for a follow-up call for more information or a consultation. This program runs unattended on a CD player. A timer returns the program to its starting point, making it ready for the next viewer. It is housed in a locked cabinet holding the physician's brochures and is further personalized with a backlit header bearing name, address, phone number, and color picture. Systems may be placed in businesses with which the physician may have a reciprocal referral relationship. Examples are a salon where postoperative patients are sent for a makeover, or a spa where the physician has a schedule of conjoint presentations on health and beauty. A business such as “Glamour Shots,” normally in a mall setting, is another possibility. The lobby of a multispecialty clinic and the waiting room of a physician friend of a different specialty are also good locations. Because the system runs unattended, it enhances the physician's current marketing program by speaking for the physician all day every day in strategic locations where prospective patients live, work, and play. Rather than depending on prospective patients to think of plastic surgery on their own and then search the phone book for someone to call, the interactive CD uses fun and exciting new technology to inspire them about available possibilities and provides them with the physician's name as the source for further information.
Replacement Therapy for the Prevention of Dental Disease
Authors: Hillman J.D. , Socransky S.S. 
Published: January 2017

Certain laboratory-derived and naturally occurring oral bacteria are promising effector strains for the replacement therapy of dental infectious diseases. In the case of dental caries, several types of low-acid-producing mutants of Streptococcus mutans and a natural variant of S. salivarius have been found that are virtually non-cariogenic. Laboratory rats can be readily and persistently infected with these micro-organisms. Once infected, the animals become much more resistant to infection by wild-type (disease-causing) strains of S. mutans. Thus, in the laboratory rat, replacement therapy has proved successful in providing lifelong resistance to dental caries following a single application of an effector strain. Attempts to extend these findings to humans have required a search for effector strains that can both colonize well and, in addition, displace indigenous, wild-type strains of S. mutans. A mutant of a strain of S. mutans producing a bacteriocin-like molecule has been found that appears to be well-suited for this purpose. Replacement therapy may also find a practical application in the prevention and cure of certain periodontal diseases. Hydrogen peroxide-producing streptococci are invariably found in plaque taken from healthy gingiva; they are rarely found in samples from active disease sites of patients with juvenile or refractory periodontitis. In vitro, peroxide production by these streptococci inhibits the growth of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and several other presumed periodontal pathogens. Bacterial interactions of this sort have also been directly demonstrated to occur in vivo. Thus, natural inhibitors in plaque may be essential for maintenance of periodontal health. Patients lacking such inhibitors may be treated by replacement therapy to restore the composition of their plaque flora to one that is conducive to health.
NMR Imaging in Dentistry: Relaxation and Diffusion Studies
Authors: Skalerič U. , Dolinšek J. , Stepisnik J. , Cevc P. , Schara M. 
Published: January 2017

Magnetic resonance imaging has been widely used for medical diagnosis in recent years. The knowledge of the proton spin-lattice relaxation time, T1, represents the basis for NMR imaging. In the present study, we measured T1 in saliva, gingival fluid, gingival blood, and inflamed gingiva by means of a pulsed NMR Fourier-transform spectrometer. From several measurements, we found the following average T1 values: in saliva, T1 = 2550 msec; in gingival fluid, T1 = 2085 msec; in gingival blood, T1 = 1515 msec; and in inflamed gingiva samples, T1 = 840 msec. In addition, electron paramagnetic resonance imaging was used to demonstrate the in vitro diffusion processes of spin-labeled molecules into tooth enamel by application of the linear magnetic field gradient to a conventional EPR spectrometer. The diffusion coefficient for the nitroxide spin-labeled molecules into tooth enamel was evaluated as D = 10-7 cm2 sec-1.
Ultrastructural Effects of Diphosphonates On Dental Enamel
Authors: Simmelink J.W. 
Published: January 2017

Initial experiments were designed to test the effects of two diphosphonates on acid dissolution of mature human enamel. Polished facets of enamel were treated with 10 mmol/L of EHDP or Cl2MDP (pH 7.4) for five min, H20-washed, acid-etched with 0.01 N lactic acid (pH 5.4) for 15 min, and examined in the scanning electron microscope. Controls were run with distilled H2O substituted for diphosphonates. In addition, the experimental window was outlined with lacquer, thus providing a reference to the original polished enamel surface. Results showed that EHDP markedly reduced enamel dissolution, with less than 1 μm of enamel removed, while Cl2MDP was similar to controls, with approximately 4-5 μm of enamel dissolved. It was decided to initiate further experiments with the objective of determining effects of diphosphonates on developing enamel during the secretory stage in rat molars. Five-day-old animals were injected s.c. with one of the following: EHDP, ADP, Cl2MDP, or NaCl (0.9% control). The diphosphonate dosages were 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg P/kg. Rat incisors were also examined in initial experiments on older rats (21-day) following daily s.c. injections of EHDP. Twenty-four hr after the injections, all rats were killed by perfusion fixation and routinely prepared with and without decalcification for light and transmission electron microscopy. Light microscopic examination of developing maxillary first molars frequently revealed subameloblastic cyst formation, which was used as an indicator of severe cellular alteration of overlying secretory ameloblasts. By this criterion, the EHDP- and ADP-treated rats showed more severe cellular effects at lower dosages (2.5 and 5 mg P/kg) than did the Cl2MDP-treated rats. In addition, when undecalcified sections were examined in the transmission electron microscope, disturbances in crystal formation were observed. Since both the cyst formation and the disturbed enamel beneath the cyst had many similarities to previous results reported on the effects of high doses of fluoride, the majority of results observed may be due to a non-specific cellular toxicity. However, some crystal growth effects appear to be specific for diphosphonates, as indicated by preliminary results with daily injections of EHDP. In the rat incisor, a definitive banding that shows both inhibition and return to more normal development within a 24-hour cycle has been detected. In the ultrastructure examination of undecalcified sections, the reaction to EHDP is clearly defined as bands of normal crystal size, electron density, and orientation alternating with disturbed bands of small crystal size and decreased electron density. The bands are approximately 2-3 μm in width.
Review of Dental Impression Materials
Authors: Craig R.G. 
Published: January 2017

Major advances in impression materials and their application have occurred during the last decade, with greater emphasis being placed on rubber impression materials than on dental compound, zinc oxide-eugenol, and agar and alginate. Of particular interest has been the effect of disinfection solutions on the qualities of impressions and the biocompatibility of impression materials. The principal advance in hydrocolloids has been the introduction of the agar/alginate impression technique, which has simplified the procedure and improved the quality of gypsum dies compared with those prepared in alginate impressions. The tear strength of some alginates has been improved, and some have been formulated so that the powder is dustless, thus reducing the health hazard as a result of patient inhalation of dust during the dispensing process. Polyether and silicone impression materials have been modified so that the working time, viscosity, and flexibility of the polyethers have been improved and, with the introduction of addition silicones, their accuracy has become exceptional. Although the early addition silicones liberated hydrogen after setting, thus delaying the pouring of models and dies, most addition silicones have been improved so that no hydrogen is released and dies can be poured immediately. The introduction of automatic mixing systems for addition silicones has simplified their manipulation, has reduced the number of voids in impressions, and has reduced the amount of material wasted. The incorporation of surfactants into addition silicones has made them hydrophilic, with wetting properties similar to those of polyethers, and has made pouring bubble-free gypsum dies easier. This review is confined to published and unpublished information of the past decade. It will also suggest trends that should be anticipated in the near future based on this information. The review will not present information developed before 1975, which is available in several textbooks on dental materials by Craig (1985a), Phillips (1982), and Williams and Cunningham (1979).
Dental Impression Materials: Reactor Response
Authors: Anusavice K.J. 
Published: January 2017

A review of the literature reveals an abundance of research papers which are focused on the physical properties and "simulated" clinical performance of impression materials. The three major developments during the past two decades were: (1) the introduction of the dimensionally stable addition silicones, (2) the development of dustless alginates, and (3) the reduction in technique sensitivity which resulted from the availability of automatic-mixing syringe tips. These syringe tips ensure consistently homogeneous mixtures of base and catalyst pastes with reduced waste. In addition, the more rapid mixing potential extends the traditional working time of the material. Little progress has been made toward correlating in vitro properties with in vivo performance. Since typical in vitro studies of impression materials are conducted under nearly ideal conditions, the information derived is of relatively limited value in predicting their clinical performance under more demanding conditions. Future research should focus more on clinically relevant properties, including freedom from porosity, viscosity-time relationships, tissue displacement potential, tear strength, elastic recovery, sensitivity to storage conditions, compatibility with die stones, degradation potential after exposure to disinfectant and sterilizing solutions, and ability to be re-poured accurately.