bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between serious psychological distress and nonparticipation in cancer screening and the modifying effect of socioeconomic status: Analysis of anonymized data from a national cross‐sectional survey in Japan
Authors: Fujiwara Masaki , Inagaki Masatoshi , Nakaya Naoki , Fujimori Maiko , Higuchi Yuji , Kakeda Kyoko , Uchitomi Yosuke , Yamada Norihito 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUNDIt is unclear whether individuals who have serious psychological distress (SPD) are less likely to participate in screening tests for gastric cancer, lung cancer, and other types of cancer. Of the few studies that have examined the association between SPD and participation in cancer screening, none have reported modifying effects of educational, marital, or employment status.METHODSThe authors analyzed a national representative data set from the 2010 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions of Japan., including individuals aged <69 years who met the national program criteria for each type of cancer screening (colorectal, gastric, and lung cancers, n = 29,926; breast cancer, n = 15,423; and cervical cancer, n = 24,735). SPD was defined as a score of 13 or greater on the Kessler 6 scale. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between SPD and participation in cancer screening, and multivariate analyses stratified by socioeconomic status also were conducted.RESULTSSPD was significantly associated with a lower odds ratio (OR) for participation in screening for colorectal cancer (OR, 0.743; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.638‐0.866), gastric cancer (OR, 0.823; 95% CI, 0.717‐0.946), and lung cancer (OR, 0.691; 95% CI, 0.592‐0.807). Only educational status significantly modified the effect of SPD on participation in these 3 types of cancer screening (P < .05).CONCLUSIONSIndividuals with SPD, especially those with lower education levels, were less likely to participate in screening for colorectal, gastric, and lung cancers. Individuals with SPD should be encouraged and supported to participate in cancer screening tests. Cancer 2018;124:555‐62. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
PET‐CT image fusion using random forest and à‐trous wavelet transform
Authors: Seal Ayan , Bhattacharjee Debotosh , Nasipuri Mita , Rodríguez‐Esparragón Dionisio , Menasalvas Ernestina , Gonzalo‐Martin Consuelo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNew image fusion rules for multimodal medical images are proposed in this work. Image fusion rules are defined by random forest learning algorithm and a translation‐invariant à‐trous wavelet transform (AWT). The proposed method is threefold. First, source images are decomposed into approximation and detail coefficients using AWT. Second, random forest is used to choose pixels from the approximation and detail coefficients for forming the approximation and detail coefficients of the fused image. Lastly, inverse AWT is applied to reconstruct fused image. All experiments have been performed on 198 slices of both computed tomography and positron emission tomography images of a patient. A traditional fusion method based on Mallat wavelet transform has also been implemented on these slices. A new image fusion performance measure along with 4 existing measures has been presented, which helps to compare the performance of 2 pixel level fusion methods. The experimental results clearly indicate that the proposed method outperforms the traditional method in terms of visual and quantitative qualities and the new measure is meaningful.
A Functional Hydrogenase Mimic Chemisorbed onto Fluorine‐Doped Tin Oxide Electrodes: A Strategy towards Water Splitting Devices
Authors: Zaffaroni Riccardo , Detz Remko J. , van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA diiron benzenedithiolate hydrogen‐evolving catalyst immobilized onto fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes is prepared, characterized, and studied in the context of the development of water splitting devices based on molecular components. FTO was chosen as the preferred electrode material owing to its conductive properties and electrochemical stability. An FTO nanocrystalline layer is also used to greatly improve the surface area of commercially available FTO while preserving the properties of the material. Electrodes bearing a covalently anchored diiron catalyst are shown to be competent for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution from acidic aqueous media at relatively low overpotential (500 mV) with a faradaic efficiency close to unity. Compared with bulk solution catalysts, the catalyst immobilized onto the electrode surface operates at roughly 160 mV lower overpotentials, yet with similar rates.
Fine needle aspiration cytology of hepatic metastases of neuroendocrine tumors: A 20‐year retrospective, single institutional study
Authors: Saeed Omer A. M. , Cramer Harvey , Wang Xiaoyan , Wu Howard H. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundFine needle aspiration (FNA) is considered an excellent technique for documenting metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of FNA in diagnosing metastatic NETs to the liver and determining the grade and origin of these metastases.MethodsOur laboratory information system was searched from 1997 to 2016 to identify all cases of metastatic NETs to the liver that were sampled by FNA. The cytopathology and surgical pathology reports as well as the patients' electronic medical records were reviewed. The cytohistologic type and grade of the metastatic NETs, as well as the site of the patient's primary were recorded.ResultsHigh‐grade NETs, including small cell and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, constituted 62% (167/271) of the cases, while low‐grade NETs, including well differentiated NET (grade1 and grade 2), pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and carcinoid tumors of lung, constituted 38% (104/271) of cases. The most common diagnosis was metastatic small cell carcinoma accounting for 45% (122/271) of cases. The most common primary sites were lung (44%; 119/271) followed by pancreas (19%; 51/271). The FNA diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in 121 cases that had a concurrent biopsies or resection specimens.ConclusionsFNA is an accurate method for diagnosing metastatic NETs to the liver. There were significantly more high‐grade (62%) than low‐grade (38%) metastatic NETs to the liver. In our practice, lung (44%) and pancreas (19%) were the most common primary sites of metastatic NETs involving the liver. In 16% of the cases, a primary site could not be established.
Analysis of new psychoactive substances in oral fluids by means of microextraction by packed sorbent followed by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Rocchi Rachele , Simeoni Maria Chiara , Montesano Camilla , Vannutelli Gabriele , Curini Roberta , Sergi Manuel , Compagnone Dario 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn recent years, new drugs, commonly known as new psychoactive substances (NPS), appeared on the market, which include, among others, synthetic cannabinoids, cathinones, and tryptamine analogs of psilocin. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a new method for simultaneous screening and quantification of 31 NPS in oral fluid by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). The chosen target analytes represented different chemical and toxicological NPS classes, such as synthetic cathinones, piperazines, phenethylamines, synthetic cannabinoids, and their metabolites. The procedure involved a rapid sample preparation based on protein precipitation followed by clean‐up utilizing microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS); the quantitative analysis was performed by UHPLC–MS/MS. The MEPS clean‐up, regardless of non‐quantitative recoveries for some analytes, provided an effective removal of interfering compounds, as demonstrated by reduced matrix effects found at different concentrations for all the analytes. The validation protocol, based on SWGTOX guidelines, demonstrated the suitability of the proposed method for quantitative analysis: linearity range ranged over 3 or 4 orders of magnitude; precision and accuracy tests gave RSD% values below 25%, and accuracy ranged from 85.9% to 107%, accomplishing SWGTOX requirements. Limits of detection (LODs) ranged between 0.005 ng/mL and 0.850 ng/mL and limits of quantification (LOQs) from 0.015 to 2.600 ng/mL.
Electronic cigarette use among individuals with a self‐reported eating disorder diagnosis
Authors: Morean Meghan E. , L'Insalata Alexa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe primary study aim was to examine whether rates of using e‐cigarettes (“vaping”) to lose weight are elevated among American adults who self‐report having an eating disorder (ED).MethodAdult vapers who reported either currently having an ED (n = 178; 72.5% women, 83.7% White, mean age 33.26 [SD = 8.35] years) or no ED history (n = 433; 54.7% women, 83.4% White, 35.98 [SD = 11.71] years) completed an anonymous survey.ResultsRelative to participants reporting no ED history, participants who reported currently having an ED were more likely to report vaping to lose/control weight, because it can be concealed from others, and due to the availability of sweet flavors. Participants reporting a current ED also were more likely to vape daily, to use higher nicotine concentrations, and to vape to relieve negative affect than were individuals without EDs.DiscussionIndividuals who self‐reported currently having an ED endorsed vaping motives that are consistent with eating pathology (e.g., substance‐induced weight loss, hiding compensatory behaviors from others). They also were more likely to vape daily and to use higher nicotine concentrations, raising health concerns. The findings suggest that treatment providers should screen for e‐cigarette use in clients seeking ED treatment.
Statistical interpretation of the Amerithrax “morph” assay results
Authors: Velsko Stephan Paul , Osburn Joanne J. , Sharma Sushil K. , Ashley James D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the Amerithrax investigation PCR‐based “morph assays” were used to link the anthrax letters with the RMR‐1029 flask at USAMRIID. Quantitative data reported for several of these assays are not consistent with Poisson sampling statistics, but instead exhibit “Taylor's Law” behavior where the variance greatly exceeds the mean. A plausible statistical model for this behavior can explain the large number of observed negative and “inconclusive” findings, and implies a high likelihood that a repository sample could contain a “morph” mutant at concentrations well above the nominal detection limit but nonetheless give a negative or inconclusive test result. A Bayesian framework relates the assay results to the probability that a sample actually contains all four morph mutants, even though it tested negative for at least one. The analysis implies that the observed false negative rate actually does not significantly weaken the conclusion that the morph assays correctly excluded all but the stocks derived from RMR‐1029 as possible sources of the letter powders, at least when the test results were unambiguous. These findings expand upon and resolve some of the issues cited in recent reviews, and indicate the importance of developing a rigorous statistical framework for interpreting “morph” assay data.
Electropreconcentration‐induced local pH change
Authors: Chun Honggu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIon‐permselective nanochannel‐based sample preconcentration or electropreconcentration has been demonstrated as an effective technique for concentrating charged analytes at the interface between a micro‐ and nanochannel. The anion‐selective electropreconcentration involves extraction of hydroxide in the preconcentrated sample plug, resulting in pH decrease. We investigated the pH change in a microchannel using charged pH indicators with different conditions including running buffer pH, sample channel electric field, and salt concentration. The anion‐selective preconcentration showed pH decrease from 11 to under 7 in the preconcentrated sample plug. Therefore, careful design and interpretation are required with pH‐dependent experiments such as analyzing enzyme or antibody characteristics. The pH change could be mitigated by reducing the sample channel electric field and/or increasing salt concentration in the buffer.
The essential oil of patchouli,Pogostemon cablin: A review
Authors: van Beek Teris A. , Joulain Daniel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe leaves ofPogostemon cablin(Blanco) Benth.(Lamiaceae) are the source of patchouli essential oil, which is – with an annual production of about 1300 tonnes – an important and unique commodity in the fragrance industry. All the literature pertaining to patchouli was critically reviewed with an emphasis on the qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of the oil but also harvesting, fermentation, drying, distillation, used analytical techniques, sensory aspects including molecules responsible for the odour, adulteration and toxicological aspects, i.e., skin sensitisation, are discussed. In total 72 constituents have been convincingly identified in the oil and another 58 tentatively. The main constituent is the sesquiterpene patchoulol. For this review over 600 papers were consulted and in the supplementary information all patchouli‐related references not relevant enough to be cited in the paper itself are listed.
Development of a Bi‐cell Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with Optimized Groove‐designed Piezoelectric Actuator
Authors: Ma H. K. , Hsu Y. L. , Luo W. F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrated a piezoelectric proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PZT‐PEMFC) stack design composed of three bi‐cells in series and a single bi‐cell, with a maximum net power density of 0.1608 W cm−2. The present study developed a modified bi‐cell design with lower volume and weight by using gold‐plated aluminum 6061. A groove‐designed PZT actuator enclosed with poly‐di‐methyl‐siloxane (PDMS) curing for 30 min can reduce uneven air feeding. Such an actuator can also improve the performance of both sides of a bi‐cell, with only a 0.7% difference in the open circuit voltage (OCV). The experimental results showed that the net power density of the new version of the single bi‐cell PZT‐PEMFC module was 0.1658 W cm−2.
Astrocyte glycogen and lactate: New insights into learning and memory mechanisms
Authors: Alberini Cristina M. , Cruz Emmanuel , Descalzi Giannina , Bessières Benjamin , Gao Virginia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMemory, the ability to retain learned information, is necessary for survival. Thus far, molecular and cellular investigations of memory formation and storage have mainly focused on neuronal mechanisms. In addition to neurons, however, the brain comprises other types of cells and systems, including glia and vasculature. Accordingly, recent experimental work has begun to ask questions about the roles of non‐neuronal cells in memory formation. These studies provide evidence that all types of glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) make important contributions to the processing of encoded information and storing memories. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent findings on the critical role of astrocytes as providers of energy for the long‐lasting neuronal changes that are necessary for long‐term memory formation. We focus on three main findings: first, the role of glucose metabolism and the learning‐ and activity‐dependent metabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons in the service of long‐term memory formation; second, the role of astrocytic glucose metabolism in arousal, a state that contributes to the formation of very long‐lasting and detailed memories; and finally, in light of the high energy demands of the brain during early development, we will discuss the possible role of astrocytic and neuronal glucose metabolisms in the formation of early‐life memories. We conclude by proposing future directions and discussing the implications of these findings for brain health and disease. Astrocyte glycogenolysis and lactate play a critical role in memory formation. Emotionally salient experiences form strong memories by recruiting astrocytic β2 adrenergic receptors and astrocyte‐generated lactate. Glycogenolysis and astrocyte–neuron metabolic coupling may also play critical roles in memory formation during development, when the energy requirements of brain metabolism are at their peak.
TGF‐β pro‐oligodendrogenic effects on adult SVZ progenitor cultures and its interaction with the Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Gómez Pinto Laura I. , Rodríguez Debora , Adamo Ana M. , Mathieu Patricia A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAdult neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are capable of differentiating into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes throughout life. Notch and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β) signaling pathways play critical roles in controlling these cell fate decisions. TGF‐β has been previously shown to exert pro‐neurogenic effects on hippocampal and subventricular zone (SVZ) NPCs in vitro and to interact with Notch in different cellular types. Therefore, the aim of our work was to study the effect of TGF‐β on adult rat brain SVZ NPC glial commitment and its interaction with Notch signaling. Initial cell characterization revealed a large proportion of Olig2+, Nestin+, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP+) cells, a low percentage of platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα+) or NG2+ cells, and <1% Tuj1+ cells. Immunocytochemical analyses showed a significant increase in the percentage of PDGFRα+, NG2+, and GFAP+ cells upon four‐day TGF‐β treatment, which demonstrates the pro‐gliogenic effect of this growth factor on adult brain SVZ NPCs. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that TGF‐β induced the expression of Notch ligand Jagged1 and downstream gene Hes1. Notch signaling inhibition in cultures treated with TGF‐β produced a decrease in the proportion of PDGFRα+ cells, while TGF‐β receptor II (TβRII) inhibition also rendered a decrease in the proportion of PDGFRα+ cells, concomitantly with a decrease in Jagged1 levels. These findings demonstrate the participation of Notch signaling in TGF‐β effects and illustrate the impact of TGF‐β on glial cell fate decisions of adult brain SVZ NPCs, as well as on oligodendroglial progenitor cell proliferation and maturation.
AHNS Series: Do you know your guidelines? Review of current knowledge on laryngeal cancer
Authors: Tamaki Akina , Miles Brett A. , Lango Miriam , Kowalski Luiz , Zender Chad A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe following article is part of a series in an initiative by the American Head and Neck Society's Education Committee and will review clinical practice guidelines for head and neck oncology. The primary goal is to increase awareness of current best practices pertaining to head and neck surgery and oncology. This manuscript is a review of current knowledge in laryngeal cancer with a focus on anatomy, epidemiology, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment.
Heterotopic thyroid autotransplantation: A preliminary clinical study
Authors: Sakr Mahmoud , El‐kerm Yasser , Abo‐Elwafa Waleed , Mahmoud Ahmed , Fathi Ibrahim 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThyroid autotransplantation offers an attractive alternative to subtotal thyroidectomy and replacement therapy. However, it has not been sufficiently clinically investigated.MethodsTotal thyroidectomy was performed for 20 patients with benign thyroid disorders, and at least 10 g of thyroid tissue were implanted intramuscularly. Graft monitoring was achieved through 99mTc scan at 2 months, free triiodothyronine (FT3), FT4, and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) measurements at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months postoperatively, and clinical examination.ResultsGrafts survived and gradually functioned in all patients to a variable extent after a latent period (mean 99mTc uptake = 1.28 ± 0.37%). Mean values for FT3, FT4, TSH at 12 months were 1.75 ± 0.48 pg/mL, 1.06 ± 0.26 ng/dL, and 28.08 ± 34.01 μIU/mL respectively.ConclusionThyroid autotransplantation restored euthyroid status in 33.3% of patients after 12 months. A role of age, operative time, and 99mTc‐uptake in determining the final graft outcome is possible.
Prognostic role of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in head and neck cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Takenaka Yukinori , Oya Ryohei , Kitamiura Takahiro , Ashida Naoki , Shimizu Kotaro , Takemura Kazuya , Yamamoto Yoshifumi , Uno Atsuhiko 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundNeutrophils play substantial roles in cancer progression. Previous reports demonstrated the prognostic impact of the pretreatment neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in various types of solid cancers. The purpose of this study was to quantify the prognostic impact of NLR on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsWe systematically searched electronic databases, identified articles regarding NLR and HNSCC mortality, and extracted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Pooled HRs for overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were estimated using random effect models.ResultsNineteen studies enrolling 3770 patients were included in the analyses. Overall, NLR greater than the cutoff value was associated with poorer OS and DSS (HR 1.69; 95% CI 1.47‐1.93; P < .001 and HR 1.88; 95% CI 1.20‐2.95; P = .006, respectively).ConclusionElevated NLR predicts worse outcomes in patients with HNSCC.
Cancer as the “perfect storm”? A qualitative study of public attitudes to health conditions
Authors: Morrell Liz , Ii Suzanne Sayuri , Wordsworth Sarah , Wilson Roger , Rees Sian , Barker Richard 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimsOur aim is to identify important attributes of major diseases that shape how they are perceived by the public.Methods and ResultsFour focus groups among members of the public were recruited, in March and October 2016, and used semistructured discussion to explore important attributes of cancer, heart disease, stroke, dementia, mental illness, and infectious disease. Common themes were identified by using inductive thematic analysis.Five themes were identified: fear, impact on family and friends, hope, detection, and prevention. Fear of cancer includes not only fear of death but also of aggressive treatments. Loss of dignity is feared in dementia, while infectious disease raises fear of uncontrollable “plague”; in contrast, people with mental illness may themselves be seen as a potential threat. The impact of cancer and its treatment on family and friends was described as intense and all‐consuming, even for those not involved directly in caring; with dementia and stroke, the family impact is taking on care, including funding, over the long term with little expectation of improvement. Hope is a major theme in cancer and stroke recovery, linked with the need to take action, often expressed in aggressive language of “fighting,” but seen as futile in dementia. Detection difficulties for “silent” cancers mean that real treatment opportunities are missed; cardiovascular and infection risk, however, are seen as easy to identify and act on, whereas mental illness and dementia are seen as poorly diagnosed and with limited treatment options. Prevention awareness is high for cardiovascular disease and infection, lower for cancer, and limited for dementia and mental health.ConclusionAlthough themes overlap across diseases, the specific concerns are different and each condition has a unique profile. Quantifying the relative importance of these themes could allow their incorporation in decision‐making, not only when they occur as a named disease but also in any relevant condition.