bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of caries removal technique using conventional and disposable airotor
Authors: Shital Kiran D. P. , Makhiya Mavaddah , Mulchandani Vinay , Jani Mira , Trivedi Malay , Joshi Aum 
Published: September 2024

Introduction
A variety of methods, including hand instruments, high-speed and low-speed handpieces, chemomechanical techniques, air abrasion, ultrasonic instrumentation, and lasers, could be used to treat dental caries. The development of rotary devices like the micromotor and airotors was prompted by the traditional method of treating caries, which only used hand instruments and was painful and ineffective.

Aim
To evaluate the efficiency of conventional and disposable airotor in treating dental caries in children aged 6–12 years old.

Materials and methods
The split-mouth randomized controlled trial was designed on 60 teeth from 30 patients aged 6–12 years, involving caries removal techniques using conventional and disposable airotor. Ericson scale, stop-watch, animated emoji scale, and verbal pain scale were used to evaluate efficacy, time taken, patient acceptance, and pain threshold during caries removal.

Results
Intergroup comparison in terms of time taken for caries removal, patient acceptance and pain threshold showed a statistically significant difference between the conventional and disposable airotor concerning patient acceptance (P = 0.01) and pain threshold (P = 0.04). No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in caries removal efficacy (P = 0.55).

Conclusion
Caries removal time and clinical efficacy were almost comparable with disposable and conventional airotor. The disposable airotor had more patient acceptance and less pain threshold when compared to the conventional airotor.
Marginal integrity of composite resin restoration in class I cavities prepared by hydro-abrasion
Authors: Al-Germ Hager R. , Abdalla Ali I. , Salama Mirvat M. 
Published: September 2024

Aim
To evaluate and compare the marginal integrity of composite resin restorations made by two different preparation techniques: conventional drill and hydro-abrasion.

Materials and methods
Forty extracted human premolars with simple occlusal caries were used. The teeth were fixed with sticky wax to the base of plastic cylinder. The cylinder was filled with self-curing acrylic resin so that only root was embedded within the self-curing acrylic resin. The teeth were randomly divided into two main groups (n = 20) according to the preparation technique. Group I: class I cavity preparation was done by the conventional drill method using a #245 Carbide bur and contra angle high-speed hand piece with water coolant. Cavity design was restricted to remove caries with no undercuts, and no beveling. Group II: class I cavity preparation was done by Aquacut Quattro air hydro-abrasion unit which uses a gamma irradiated aluminum oxide particle as abrasives (29 μm), cutting fluid and a hand piece of 0.6 mm diameter tip. The preparation in both groups was restored by the same composite resin (Grandio) and adhesive systems (Futurabond U) following the manufacturer's instructions. All specimens were thermocycled. Impressions for each tooth was made using a polyvinyl Siloxane material. The impressions were then poured with epoxy resin. These replicas were examined under scanning electron microscope. Scanning electron microscope photographs of tested samples were used for the gap evaluation.

Results
It was found that, group I recorded higher mean value of marginal gap length (157.57 ± 35.15 μm) than group II that recorded (69.55 ± 20.02 μm). Also, group I recorded higher mean value of marginal gap length ratio (10.72 ± 2.47) than group II that recorded (7.44 ± 2.69).

Conclusion
Conventional drilling technique was faster than the hydro-abrasion technique for cavity preparation. Hydro-abrasion technique showed more marginal adaptation than conventional drilling technique.
Prevalence of histidine-rich protein 2 deletion among the Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Kolkata
Authors: Acharya Alisha , Saha Pabitra , Chaudhury Abhijit , Guha Subhasish Kamal , Maji Ardhendu Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Context:
Histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) detecting rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have played an important role in enabling prompt malaria diagnosis in remote locations. HRP2 has advantages over other biomarkers because of its abundance in the bloodstream, repetitive binding epitopes, and falciparum-specificity. Most HRP2-based RDTs also exhibit some cross-reactivity to a closely related protein (HRP3). Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking HRP2 (pfhrp2) and 3 (pfhrp3) genes escape detection by these RDTs.

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to study the sensitivity and specificity of hrp2-based RDT for diagnosis of falciparum, to compare the RDT results with microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and to determine the prevalence of HRP2 gene deletion among the RDT-negative, microscopy-positive falciparum strains.

Materials and Methods:
Blood samples were collected and diagnosis was done by microscopic examination, RDTs, and PCR.

Results:
Out of 1000 patients examined, 138 were positive for P. falciparum. Fever was the most common symptom followed by chills with rigor and headache were recorded among more than >95% of the study patients. Three microscopy-confirmed P. falciparum cases were negative by HRP2-based RDT and were found to have deletion of HRP2 and HRP3 exon 2.

Conclusions:
Rapid and accurate diagnosis and prompt deployment of effective antimalarial medication are essential components of appropriate case management. P. falciparum strains that evade diagnosis by RDTs represent a major threat to malaria control and elimination efforts.
Clinical characteristics of malaria in COVID-19: A systematic review of case reports
Authors: Rayella Chandana , Devanandan Praveen , Rasuri Kavitha , Yerravelly Sai Sudha , Andem Sanjana , Puvvada Ranadheer Chowdary 
Published: September 2024

Aims:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 is a viral infection that was first discovered in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019. Effects of COVID-19 infection could drastically influence other concomitant diseases like Malaria. Malaria and COVID-19 may mimic each other and share look-alike symptoms. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the clinical and biochemical characteristics of malaria and COVID-19 synergism that was based on the published case reports.

Subjects and Methods:
An extensive literature search was carried out between May 2020 and February 2022 in PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE. Our study was devised according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.

Results:
We have evaluated 16 case reports and one case series of coinfection of malaria with COVID-19. It has been observed that all the patients showed lymphopenia, fever, headache (52%), vomiting (47%), cough (38%), chills (38%), body ache (38%), myalgia (28%), and sweating (14%). Despite unprecedented times, whenever there is a suspicion, we recommend that medical practitioners should be alert to presenting plethora features of COVID-19 and confirm with polymerase chain reaction test.

Conclusion:
We conclude that screening for COVID-19 should also be performed to mitigate missed diagnoses due to the long incubation period of novel coronavirus. Especially in vulnerable population, we should suspect other concurrent diseases and diagnoses in patients presenting with the symptoms of COVID-19 infection.
Simultaneous seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and rubella virus infections in pregnant women in Dakar (Senegal)
Authors: Seck Mame Cheikh , Gueye Papa A. T. , Engo Pasca E. , Faye Cheikh , Mbow Moustapha , Diongue Khadim , Diallo Mamadou A. , Ndiaye Mouhamadou , Badiane Aida S. , Ndiaye Daouda 
Published: September 2024

Context:

Toxoplasma gondii and rubella virus are microorganisms that can cause intrauterine infections and congenital anomalies in the fetus. Data regarding the simultaneous seroprevalence of these infections are not available in Senegal.

Aims:
This study aimed to determine for the first time the simultaneous seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and rubella among pregnant women in Dakar.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective study, anti-Toxoplasma and anti-rubella antibodies were analyzed in the serum samples obtained from pregnant women receiving prenatal care at Military Hospital of Ouakam between 2016 and 2021 using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay for the quantitative determination of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and rubella in human serum.

Results:
Overall, data from 2589 women were analyzed. The median age was 29 years (interquartile range: 23.14–34.86). Serum IgG and IgM were positive for T. gondii with 35.84% and 1.66%, respectively. Rubella seroprevalence was 87.14% and 0.35%, respectively, for IgG and IgM. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis increases significantly with age and study period. For rubella infection, the highest seroprevalence rates were noted in the youngest age group and at the end of the study period.

Conclusions:
Data from this first-time study regarding simultaneous seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and rubella among pregnant women in Senegal indicate a continuing high risk of congenital toxoplasmosis and congenital rubella syndrome in Dakar. Further studies are needed to fully assess the efficacy of rubella vaccination in women of childbearing age.
Multiple protozoal infections in a single immunocompromised patient: A case report
Authors: Chatterjee Rupak , Mondal Tanusree , Barik Gautam , Ghosh Subhoroop , Pramanik Netai , Maji Ardhendu , Ghosh Tapashi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Immunocompromised patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are prone to multiple infections, of which parasitic infections are an important cause. Parasitic protozoal infections - both by common and rare protozoa are documented in such patients. Here, we report a rare and interesting case of five protozoal infections affecting a single HIV-infected person at the same time of initial presentation. A 64-years-male came to us with complaints of chronic diarrhea for 6 months. He was investigated and found to be positive for HIV I. His stool examination revealed cysts of Entameba histolytica and Giardia lamblia and oocysts of Cryptosporidium species and Cystoisospora species. His toxoplasma IgG was also positive in high titer. The patient was medically diagnosed and was treated with medications as clinically prescribed - antiretroviral therapy was initiated and he was discharged in due course. A total of five protozoal infections were documented affecting a single person - newly diagnosed immunocompromised male, which by sheer qualitative count of patient case histories, indeed is a rare case reported in the medical literature.
Prevalence of malaria: A 7-year trend analysis from a tertiary care center, Puducherry
Authors: Kannambath Rachana , Rajkumari Nonika , Sivaradjy Monika 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Battle against malaria has been going on since time immemorial. Understanding the true burden of disease and the determinants of its transmission are important for implementing adequate control measures. This study intends to explore the local epidemiology and burden of malaria in Puducherry, a coastal Union territory located in the Southern part of India over a period of 7 years.

Methodology:
A retrospective record-based study was conducted from 2015 to 2021, where details from all samples that tested positive for malaria by peripheral blood examination or rapid card test, from suspected cases were collected and analyzed.

Results:
The overall prevalence of malaria over the 7 years was 1.7% (257/14,888). Majority of the patients were male (75.88%) and the major age group affected was from 21 to 40 years (56.03%). The disease was maximum seen during the monsoon season followed by the post-monsoon season. Vivax malaria predominated irrespective of the gender, seasonal change, and different age groups except in children <10 years was both falciparum and vivax malaria were seen in equivalence. The major species to cause infection among infants were Plasmodium
falciparum (3/4).

Discussion and Conclusion:
This study shows a declining trend of malaria transmission over the years. There is no change in the predominant species affected or seasonal trends over the years. The possibility of underestimation of cases due to various factors cannot be ignored.
Acute appendicitis secondary to Entamoeba histolytica infestation
Authors: Patel Surbhi J. , Pathak Priya , Thejeswi Poornachandra , Bandari Manisha 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Acute appendicitis secondary to amoebic infestation is a rare possibility, especially in endemic areas. If left untreated, significant postoperative morbidity and mortality can result from the spread of amoebic trophozoites and subsequent tissue reaction. Histopathological examination of the resected appendix with demonstration of invasion by the parasite is mandatory for establishing a diagnosis. Careful examination of the specimen is thus of paramount importance.
A study on neurcognitive disorders and demographic profile of neurocysticercosis patients
Authors: Goyal Gunjan , Kaur Upninder , Lal Vivek , Mahesh Karthik Vinay , Sehgal Rakesh 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Neurocysticercosis is a common cerebral parasitic infestation, caused due to pork tapeworm infection the infestations risks parallels the socio-economic status, personal hygiene and education. The effect of NCC was assessed in neurocognition.

Objective:
To study demographic characteristics and neurocognitive domains of patients with Neurocysticercosis

Methods:
Neurocysticercosis diagnosed patients by CT, MRI and LAMP tests. MMSE score was measured for assessment.

Results:
MMSE score were reduced in majority of the patients. In attention was the most common deficit found. Repeat MMSE assessment done in 6 patients showed an improvement of scores post therapy

Conclusion:
Cognitive involvement is common in NCC and is a major cause of morbidity.
Validation of the Long-Term Difficulties Questionnaire-Youth Version as a Measure of Chronic Stress in Adolescents in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ponnamperuma Thyagi 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
As a validated stress questionnaire to assess ongoing adversities of adolescents in developing countries is not available, we developed a brief general checklist, the “Long-term Difficulties Questionnaire-Youth” version (LTD-Y) to measure daily stressors of adolescents and examine the psychometric properties of the instrument.

Methods:
In 2008, 755 schoolchildren in Sri Lanka (54% girls), age 12–16 years, completed a self-reported questionnaire with four sections. (1) demographic information (2) daily stressors and social support (3) trauma exposures measures; different trauma exposures and tsunami impact, (4) current psychological problem measures; posttraumatic stress symptoms, emotional and behavioral problems, functional impact, happiness at home, and happiness at school. In July 2009, a subsample of 90 adolescents repeated these measures. Internal consistency factor structure, concurrent validity, construct validity, and temporal stability were assessed in the scale.

Results:
LTD-Y adequately identified the ongoing adversities of adolescents. The scale showed an excellent internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha = 0.79. The principal component analysis showed two-factor solutions which concern “external” and “internal” stressors. The concurrent validity was indicated by its positive association with all measures of current psychological problems. The discriminant ability of the adversity measure was evident in cumulative trauma exposure and all variables with current psychological problems. The stability of reporting was satisfactory.

Conclusion:
This school-based screening showed that the LTD-Y has sufficient validity, competency, and stability in measuring ongoing adversities of adolescents.
Clinical significance of peripheral blood UL16 and DR-70 for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of colorectal cancer
Authors: Zong Zhi-Ping , Wu Chen 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is of great significance to improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients, but early diagnosis of CRC requires more sensitive techniques. Peripheral blood UL16-binding protein 2 (ULBP2) and human fibrinogen degradation products (DR-70) are the main indicators for the diagnosis of malignant tumors.
AIM
To assess ULBP2 and DR-70 potential for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of CRC to provide a reference.
METHODS
This study involved 60 patients with early-stage CRC (CRC group), 50 patients with benign colorectal tumors (benign group), and 50 healthy patients (control group) enrolled at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University and Jiangsu Province Official Hospital between January, 2020 and January, 2022. ULBP2 and DR-70 levels in the blood were determined and differences among the three groups and early diagnostic values for CRC were determined. Patients with CRC were divided into the good prognosis and poor prognosis groups, and ULBP2 and DR-70 levels in the blood and diagnostic values were compared.
RESULTS
ULBP2 and DR-70 serum levels were significantly higher in the CRC group than in the control and benign groups (P < 0.05); however, no significant differences were observed between the benign and control groups (P > 0.05). Among the 60 patients with CRC followed up for two years, two died (3.33%) and 15 exhibited tumor metastasis, progression, or recurrence (25.00%). ULBP2 and DR-70 serum levels were significantly higher in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group (P < 0.05). A receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted. Area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity of serum ULBP2 with DR-70 for the early diagnosis of CRC were higher than those of the single serum indices (P < 0.05) in both the good and poor prognosis groups.
CONCLUSION
ULBP2 and DR-70 serum levels were significantly high in patients with early-stage CRC. They improved the diagnostic rate of early-stage CRC and predicted patient prognosis, thereby showing clinical application potential.
Prognostic value of PEA3 subfamily gene expression in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Zhe , Ma Hai-Zhang 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a lethal malignancy with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. The PEA3 subfamily of E26 transformation specific genes: ETV1 , ETV4 , and ETV5 are known to play significant roles in various cancers by influencing cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis.
AIM
To analyze PEA3 subfamily gene expression levels in CCA and their correlation with clinical parameters to determine their prognostic value for CCA.
METHODS
The expression levels of PEA3 subfamily genes in pan-cancer and CCA data in the cancer genome atlas and genotype-tissue expression project databases were analyzed with R language software. Survival curve and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed using the SurvMiner, Survival, and Procr language packages. The gene expression profiling interactive analysis 2.0 database was used to analyze the expression levels of PEA3 subfamily genes in different subtypes and stages of CCA. Web Gestalt was used to perform the gene ontology/ Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (GO/KEGG) analysis, and STRING database analysis was used to determine the genes and proteins related to PEA3 subfamily genes.
RESULTS
ETV1 , ETV4 , and ETV5 expression levels were significantly increased in CCA. There were significant differences in ETV1 , ETV4 , and ETV5 expression levels among the different subtypes of CCA, and predictive analysis revealed that only high ETV1 and ETV4 expression levels were significantly associated with shorter overall survival in patients with CCA. GO/KEGG analysis revealed that PEA3 subfamily genes were closely related to transcriptional misregulation in cancer. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that PEA3 silencing inhibited the invasion and metastasis of CCA cells.
CONCLUSION
The expression level of ETV4 may be a predictive biomarker of survival in patients with CCA.
Sermons of Metropolitan Stefan Yavorsky on the Feasts of Russian Saints Peter and Alexius: Research and Publication
Authors: Попович А.И. 
Published: September 2024

В статье систематизируются сведения о проповедях митр. Рязанского и Муромского Стефана (Яворского), посвященных российским святителям Петру, Алексию, Ионе и Филиппу. На примере двух проповедей (на день свт. Петра (1700‑е гг.) и день свт. Алексия (1707 г.)), опубликованных впервые в приложении к работе, рассматривается место этих сочинений в творческой биографии проповедника. Исследуется авторская работа над этими текстами, анализируется их идейное содержание, выявляются сквозные мотивы и риторические стратегии. Обращение к авторитету российских святителей позволяло митр. Стефану, с одной стороны, обличать грехи паствы, «бесовских плевел», из-за которых Россия переживает различные бедствия, а с другой — создать идеальный образ «доброго пастыря», заботящегося о вверенных ему овцах, и призвать слушателей к покаянию в грехах.
The study systematizes information on the sermons of Metropolitan of Ryazan and Murom Stefan Yavorsky, dedicated to the Russian saints Peter, Alexius, Jonah, and Philip. Using just two of his sermons (on the day of St. Peter (1700s) and the day of St. Alexius (1707)) published for the first time in the appendix below, the article explores the place of these works in the preacher’s creative activities. The article examines the work process on these texts, analyzes their ideological content, identifies cross-cutting motifs, and rhetorical strategies. Relying on the authority of the Russian holy hierarchs allowed Metropolitan Stefan, on the one hand, to expose the sins of his flock (“demons’ tares”) which cause various disasters in Russia; and on the other hand, this allowed him to create an ideal image of a “good shepherd” who takes care of the sheep entrusted to him, and to call his listeners to repent of their sins.
A Comparative Study of Mandibular Ramus Dimensions between Males and Females in Cadavers from Maharashtra
Authors: Shaikh Shamama Farheen , Khan Sana , Shroff Gautam , Mandhana Vaishali , Sonawane Pawan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: The mandible, being a robust bone, remains intact postmortem and can be utilized for gender determination. Morphometric analysis of the mandibular ramus holds significance for anthropologists, anatomists, and prosthetists. This study aims to assess the height and breadth of the mandibular ramus and their association with gender. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 56 cadaveric mandibles (18 female and 38 male). The height and breadth of the mandibular ramus were measured.Results: The mean ± SD for ramus height and breadth on the right side for females was 41.18 ± 4.70 mm and 28.89 ± 2.28 mm, respectively, while on the left side, it was 43.03 ± 3.57 mm and 30.70 ± 7.62 mm, respectively. For males, the mean ± SD for ramus height and breadth on the right side was 47.34 ± 2.88 mm and 33.14 ± 3.26 mm, respectively, while on the left side, it was 47.39 ± 3.88 mm and 32.39 ± 3.85 mm, respectively. Conclusion: The mean ± SD for ramus height and breadth was greater in males than in females. Although this study was conducted on cadaveric mandibles, the mandibular ramus can be utilized for gender determination in medico-legal and forensic cases.Keywords: gender, mandible, morphometry, mandibular ramus