bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dyslipidemia and the Risk of Developing Hypertension in a Working‐Age Male Population
Authors: Otsuka Toshiaki , Takada Hirotaka , Nishiyama Yasuhiro , Kodani Eitaro , Saiki Yoshiyuki , Kato Katsuhito , Kawada Tomoyuki 
Published: March 2016

Background
Hypertension is one of the main comorbidities associated with dyslipidemia. This study aimed to examine the extent to which dyslipidemia increases the risk of developing hypertension in a Japanese working‐age male population.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data from 14 215 nonhypertensive male workers (age 38±9 years) who underwent annual medical checkups. Subjects were followed up for a median of 4 years to determine new‐onset hypertension, defined as blood pressure (
BP
) ≥140/90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medication. The associations between serum lipid levels and development of hypertension were examined. During the follow‐up period, 1483 subjects developed hypertension. After adjusting for age, body mass index, impaired fasting glucose/diabetes, baseline
BP
category, alcohol intake, smoking, exercise, and parental history of hypertension, subjects with a total cholesterol (
TC
) level ≥222 mg/dL were at a significantly increased risk of developing hypertension (hazard ratio: 1.28; 95%
CI
: 1.06–1.56) compared to subjects with a
TC
level ≤167 mg/dL. Similar results were observed for subjects with high low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (
LDLC
) and non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (
HDLC
) levels. A U‐shaped relationship was found between
HDLC
level and risk of hypertension; compared to the third quintile, the multiadjusted hazard ratio was 1.22 (95%
CI
: 1.03–1.43) in the lowest quintile and 1.34 (95%
CI
: 1.12–1.60) in the highest quintile.

Conclusions

Elevated serum levels of
TC
,
LDLC
, and non‐
HDLC
were associated with an increased risk of hypertension in working‐age Japanese men. For
HDLC
, risk of hypertension was increased at both low and high levels.
Cerebrovascular Disease in Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Wiseman Stewart J. , Ralston Stuart H. , Wardlaw Joanna M. 
Published: March 2016

Background and Purpose—
Some rheumatic diseases are associated with stroke. Less is known about associations with stroke subtypes or stroke risk by age. We quantified the association between stroke, its subtypes, and rheumatic diseases and identified when stroke risk is greatest.

Methods—
Searches of EMBASE (from 1980) and MEDLINE (from inception) to end 2014 and manual search of reference lists for studies of stroke and stroke subtypes in rheumatic diseases as well as studies measuring cerebrovascular disease from magnetic resonance imaging.

Results—

Prior published meta-analyses and new pooled analyses of any stroke in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, gout, and psoriasis show an excess risk of stroke over the general population with odds ratio (OR) ranging from 1.51 (95% confidence interval: 1.39–1.62) to 2.13 (1.53–2.98). New meta-analyses of stroke subtypes in rheumatoid arthritis [ischemic: OR, 1.64 (1.32–2.05); hemorrhagic: OR, 1.68 (1.11–2.53)] and systemic lupus erythematosus [ischemic: OR, 2.11 (1.66–2.67); hemorrhagic: OR, 1.82 (1.07–3.09)] show an excess risk of stroke over the general population. Stroke risk across rheumatic diseases is highest in those aged <50 years [OR, 1.79 (1.46–2.20)] and reduces relatively with ageing [>65 years: OR, 1.14 (0.94–1.38); difference
P
<0.007]. Inflammatory arthropathies conveyed higher stroke risk than noninflammatory diseases (OR, 1.3, 1.2–1.3). It was not possible to adjust ORs for risk factors or treatments.

Conclusions—
Risk of any stroke is higher in most rheumatic diseases than in the general population, particularly <50 years. Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus increase ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke risk by 60% to 100% relative to the general population.
Reduction in blood transfusion in a cohort of infants having cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass after instituting a goal-directed transfusion policy
Authors: Machovec Kelly A , Smigla Gregory , Ames Warwick A , Schwimer Courtney , Homi H Mayumi , Dhakal Ishwori B , Jaquiss Robert D B , Lodge Andrew J , Jooste Edmund H 
Published: March 2016

Background: Current trends in pediatric cardiac surgery and anesthesiology include goal-directed allogeneic blood transfusion, but few studies address the transfusion of platelets and cryoprecipitate. We report a quality improvement initiative to reduce the transfusion of platelets and cryoprecipitate in infants having cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: Data from 50 consecutive patients weighing four to ten kilograms having cardiac surgery with CPB were prospectively collected after the institution of a policy to obtain each patient’s platelet and fibrinogen levels during the rewarming phase of CPB. Data from 48 consecutive patients weighing four to ten kilograms having cardiac surgery with CPB prior to the implementation of the policy change were retrospectively collected. Demographics, laboratory values and blood product transfusion data were compared between the groups, using the Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test or the T-Test/Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test, as appropriate. Results: The results showed more total blood product exposures in the control group during the time from bypass through the first twenty-four post-operative hours (median of 2 units versus 1 unit in study group, p=0.012). During the time period from CPB separation through the first post-operative day, 67% of patients in the control group received cryoprecipitate compared to 32% in the study group (p=0.0006). There was no difference in platelet exposures between the groups. Conclusion: Checking laboratory results during the rewarming phase of CPB reduced cryoprecipitate transfusion by 50%. This reproducible strategy avoids empiric and potentially unnecessary transfusion in this vulnerable population.
Comprehensive code stroke program to reduce reperfusion delay for in-hospital stroke patients
Authors: Yoo Joonsang , Song Dongbeom , Baek Jang-Hyun , Lee Kijeong , Jung Yohan , Cho Han-Jin , Yang Jae Hoon , Cho Hyun Ji , Choi Hye-Yeon , Kim Young Dae , Nam Hyo Suk , Heo Ji Hoe 
Published: March 2016

Background Stroke may occur during hospital admission (in-hospital stroke). Although patients with in-hospital stroke are potentially good candidates for reperfusion therapy, they often do not receive treatment as rapidly as expected. Aims We investigated the effect of a code stroke program for in-hospital stroke, which included the use of computerized physician order entry, specific evaluation and treatment protocols for in-hospital stroke patients, and regular education of medical staffs. Methods We implemented the program in the cardiology and cardiovascular surgery departments/wards (target-ward group) in November 2008. We compared time intervals from symptom onset to evaluation and reperfusion treatment before and after program implementation between the target-ward and other departments/wards (other-ward group). Results Among 70 consecutive in-hospital stroke patients who received reperfusion therapy between July 2002 and February 2015, 28 and 42 were treated before and after program implementation, respectively. After program implementation, time intervals from symptom onset to neurology notification (50 min vs. 28 min; P = 0.033), symptom onset to brain imaging (91 min vs. 41 min; P < 0.001), and symptom recognition to notification (22 min vs. 9 min; P = 0.011) were reduced in the target-ward group. Finally, times from symptom onset to intravenous tissue plasminogen activator administration and to arterial puncture were reduced by 55 min (120 min vs. 65 min; P < 0.001) and 130 min (295 min vs. 165 min; P < 0.001), respectively. However, time reductions in the other-ward group were not significant. Conclusions The comprehensive program for in-hospital stroke that included the use of computerized physician order entry was effective in reducing time intervals to evaluation and reperfusion therapy.
Interactive effects of physical fitness and body mass index on risk of stroke: A national cohort study
Authors: Crump Casey , Sundquist Jan , Winkleby Marilyn A , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: March 2016

Background High body mass index (BMI) and low physical fitness are risk factors for stroke, but their interactive effects are unknown. Elucidation of interactions between these modifiable risk factors can help inform preventive interventions in susceptible subgroups. Methods National cohort study of all 1,547,294 military conscripts in Sweden during 1969–1997 (97–98% of all 18-year-old males). Standardized aerobic capacity, muscular strength, and body mass index measurements were examined in relation to stroke identified from inpatient and outpatient diagnoses through 2012 (maximum age 62 years). Results Sixteen thousand nine hundred seventy-nine men were diagnosed with stroke in 39.7 million person-years of follow-up. High body mass index, low aerobic fitness, and (less strongly) low muscular fitness were associated with higher risk of any stroke, ischemic stroke, and intracerebral hemorrhage, independently of family history and sociodemographic factors. High body mass index (overweight/obese vs. normal) and low aerobic capacity (lowest vs. highest tertile) had similar effect magnitudes, and their combination was associated with highest stroke risk (incidence rate ratio, 2.36; 95% CI, 2.14–2.60; P < 0.001). Aerobic capacity and muscular strength had a positive additive and multiplicative interaction ( P < 0.001), indicating that low aerobic capacity accounted for more strokes among men with low compared with high muscular strength. Conclusions High body mass index and low aerobic capacity in late adolescence are associated with increased risk of stroke in adulthood. Low aerobic capacity and low muscular strength also have a synergistic effect on stroke risk. These findings suggest that preventive interventions should include weight control and aerobic fitness early in life, and muscular fitness especially among those with low aerobic capacity.
Realism and the Stock Market
Authors: Wonham Henry B. 
Published: March 2016

Henry B. Wonham, “Realism and the Stock Market: The Rise of Silas Lapham” (pp. 473–495)
William Dean Howells’s The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885) is usually approached as a representative text in the American realist mode and an unambiguous expression of Howells’s disdain for—in Walter Benn Michaels’s words—“the excesses of capitalism,” especially as embodied in the novel’s rendering of “the greedy and heartless stock market.” Like many commentators of the period, Howells promoted a traditional view of honest industry against the emerging phenomenon of speculative finance, and yet to read the novel as an allegory of opposition to Wall Street speculation is to oversimplify Howells’s complicated attitudes toward high finance and to make a caricature out of the novel’s treatment of complex economic developments. In this essay, I reassess Silas’s investment career and the novel’s surprisingly dense engagement with the dynamics of securities trading as a form of commerce. Critics such as Michaels and Neil Browne have contended that through Silas’s failed investment career, Howells “attempts to disarticulate…an emergent market ethos,” but as I read the novel this same “market ethos” is inseparable from Howells’s conception of realism and of the vocation of the literary realist.
Kipling’s Art of War
Authors: Mufti Nasser 
Published: March 2016

Nasser Mufti, “Kipling’s Art of War” (pp. 496–519)
This essay looks at the British empire’s most ambitious years, when it saw Britain and its settler colonies as belonging to a global nation-state, most commonly referred to as “Greater Britain.” The apex of this imperial-national imagination came with the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Boer War, which jingoists like Arthur Conan Doyle and Rudyard Kipling celebrated as a civil war because it was seen to be a conflict between the “blood brotherhood” of empire: Britons and Boers. Hence the characterization of the Boer War as “the last of the gentleman’s wars” or “a sahibs’ war,” because it was said to be fought between the civilized fellow-citizens of the British empire. But Kipling also had to confront the fact that British and Boer tactics were decidedly “ungentlemanly” at the war front. I turn to his short story “A Sahibs’ War” (1901), which is especially concerned about the “gentleman’s war” in South Africa looking identical to anticolonial wars in Afghanistan and Burma, which in Kipling’s mind were barbaric frontier conflicts. Kipling registers this ambivalence between civil and colonial war in the language of his story, which strategically puns across English, Afrikaans and Urdu/Hindi. These translingual puns make legible and sensible the tensions between the intra-national and extra-national, domestic and foreign, civil and imperial that characterized Greater British discourse at the turn of the century.
Government Policy on Zakat and Tax in Indonesia
Authors: Sudirman Sudirman 
Published: March 2016

New Order Government tends to consider as zakat and tax liabilities are different. There is an exciting development in the era of reform with the passage of Act No. 38 of 1999 on the Management of Zakat and converted into Act 23 of 2011. It seems that the government has to have the desire to accommodate the charity as potential aspects to reduce taxes. Moreover, the idea of integrating the zakat and taxes in one more incentive system sounded. If this is true, the government may implement two points of maqâshid al-syarî’ah, namely hifzh al-dîn and hifzh al-mâl. DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i1.2841
Law Enforcement in Islam
Authors: Hejazziey Djawahir 
Published: March 2016

This article explains that the theory of Lawrence Friedman, known as the Three Elements of the legal system in law enforcement there is a significant short age, when compared with the theory contained in the Qurân, where it is explained that law enforcement should be no element of awareness of society itself, as enshrined in the story of Prophet Ibrahim and Ismail. To uphold justice not only includes three elements or pillars, but also the equally important need to incorporate elements of the law society or the legal awareness of the society itself. Law enforcement will not be performing well, if the suspect does not have the awareness of the importance of justice as law and crown law purposes DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i1.2843
Dimensi Pragma-Dialektis Fatwa
Authors: Subuki Makyun 
Published: March 2016

This study aimed to describe Dimension of Pragma-Dialectics Fatwa, especially in deciding the first month of Hijriah, such as Ramadhan, Syawal and Zulhijjah. The fatwa came from three Islamic religion institutions in Indonesia including Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama and Indonesian Council of Ulama. In this case, any fatwa related to the issue is assumed mutual dialogue and trying to find a way out of dissent.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2856
Sanksi Pidana Perampokan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana dan Hukum Pidana Islam
Authors: Ishaq Ishaq 
Published: March 2016

This study aimed to find robbery criminal justice in KUHP and Jinayah perspectives. Robbery criminal justice is mentioned on Article 365 of Criminal Code, consisting of: prison nine, twelve, fifteen, and the death penalty, or life imprisonment or imprisonment for over twenty years. Meanwhile, in Islamic law, based on al-Qur’an, al-Ma’idah (5) verse 33 sated that the justice are sentenced to death by violently and authoritative, cross sentenced to death or executed after some time he hung, cut off his hands and legs intersect, and banished from the earth.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2858
BPJS Kesehatan dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Itang Itang 
Published: March 2016

This article provides answer to the MUI statements that BPJS is inconsistent with the principles of sharia economics. First, a solution to avoid Gharar, where participants pay a monthly premium, but it is unclear how much they will receive.Second, the solution to avoid the element of gambling, where financial calculations can be profit or loss. Third, the solution of usury, when claims were received by participants of BPJS greater than the premium paid; therefore, it contains elements of usury and usury Fadl category. Meanwhile, when there is a delay of participants to pay premiums, BPJS establishes fines that is also included nasi'ah usury.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2859
Peran Kursus Nikah Membangun Keluarga Sejahtera
Authors: Nasution Khoiruddin 
Published: March 2016

The birth of a number of family-related legislation and a number of technical rules related to the implementation of the Pre-Marriage Course, even used as one of the requirements to be able tocarry out the marriage, indicating that the program isconsidered so important. But in reality, the Pre-Marriage Courseis not going well, still aformalist.Therefore, these programs should receive serious attention and increasingly and developed according to the needs and the times. Therefore, the government should give serious attention to this issue before it becomes a problem that may threaten the quality generation.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2862
أحكام الحكرة والإحتكار في معاملات المالية دراسة المقارنة بين أراء الفقهاء والمحدثين
Authors: Saharudin Desmadi 
Published: March 2016

Trade transactions conducted to gain an advantage in bad ways is prohibited by Islamic Law. It is a sin or despotic practice when someone saves a commodity not to be sold and reduced the availability of existing goods market and cause the expensiveness of shortages. Then prices could also be rising because of increasing demand on certain commodities, even there is no scarcity.Someone is allowed to store his belongings to the extent desired time and then sell when the price is already more expensive in order to make a profit.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2870
Jihad dan Thâ’ifah Manshûrah: Basis Syariah Identitas Kelompok Jihadis
Authors: Saloom Gazi 
Published: March 2016

This study aims to examine how the concept of jihad and Tha’ifah manshurah psychologically and sociologically shape the strong basis of ideology and collective identities in jihadist community in Indonesia. Three former alumni of Afghanistan serve as key informants and three others play as secondary informants who provide the context of strengthening the jihad ideology and the formation of collective identities on the jihadists in Indonesia. In-depth interviews and review of documents, especially literature written directly by key informants, are used as data collection instruments. All the data that have been collected through interviews and review of documents are then analyzed by using the content analysis technique and thematic analysis. The study concludes that the jihad in the sense of fighting is considered as the only tool to fight the jihadist ideology that tends to perceive themselves as the chosen people of God to fight all the life.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2890
Tanggung Jawab Sosial Bank Syariah Terhadap Stakeholder dalam Perspektif Maqâshid Syarî’ah
Authors: Amaroh Siti 
Published: March 2016

The implementation of social responsibility is not solely to meet the expectations of the public, but as a form of devotion to Allah. Good values in social responsibility are shown for the formation of a physically and morally prosperous society, as well as to achieve happiness (fâlah) in the world and the hereafter. Activities of Islamic banks is not only to maximize financial profit but also to achieve social welfare as an effort to fulfill the maqâshid syarî’ah. Therefore, a policy of social responsibility of Islamic banks should be legally integrated in their operational systems and as an obligatory mandate to optimize achievement.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2894
Straddling between Regulation and Innovation: A Case Study of an Islamic Bank in Indonesia.
Authors: Adib Noval , Nabiha A.K. Siti 
Published: March 2016

Islamic bank, as an alternative financial institution, is now widely accepted and has been established in various countries. In Indonesia, Islamic bank was first established in 1992 along with the revival of Islam in the country. Previously, the establishment of Islamic bank in Indonesia was hindered not because of economical reason but because of a political stigma associated with Islam especially during the 1970s. The purpose of this article is to explore how the bank makes innovations to increase its performance that makes its legitimacy high on the eyes of its stakeholders. The article also discusses the various regulations and roles of central bank and the Indonesian government in ensuring control and good governance and subsequently into further developing the Islamic and shariah banking system in Indonesia.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2898
Nasab dalam Perspektif Tafsir Ahkam
Authors: Jamil M 
Published: March 2016

Family relationship for someone is something very important. Due to this relation, people would have family relation to whom they are connected. The importance of nasab discussion because it relates someone to a lot of matters, such as inheritance, guardian, and equality (kafâ’ah) of husband and wife before marriage. The fiqh scholars and commentators disagree with the meaning of nasab. Many Scholars say that nasab is the relationship between a man and his child related to legal marriage. Hanafiyah states that nasab is the relationship between a man and his child due to genetic relationship. The logical consequence of this difference is in inheritance. Many scholars assert that inheritance is only connected to legitimate family relationship while Hanafiyah tend to say that inheritance is related to blood relations.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2902
Marginal Bone Loss in Implants Placed in the Maxillary Sinus Grafted With Anorganic Bovine Bone: A Prospective Clinical and Radiographic Study
Authors: Dinato Thiago R. , Grossi Márcio L. , Teixeira Eduardo R. , Dinato José C. , Sczepanik Fábio S.C. , Gehrke Sergio A. 
Published: March 2016

Background: Sinus elevation is a reliable and often‐used technique. Success of implants placed in such situations, even with bone substitutes alone, prompted the authors of this study to strive for bone loss close to zero and research variables that cause higher or lower rates of resorption. The objective of this study is to evaluate survival rates and marginal bone loss (MBL) around implants placed in sites treated with maxillary sinus augmentation using anorganic bovine bone (ABB), and identify surgical and prosthetic prognostic variables.Methods: Fifty‐five implants were placed in 30 grafted maxillary sinuses in 24 patients. Periapical radiographs were evaluated immediately after implant placement (baseline), 6 months, and at the most recent follow‐up. MBL was calculated from the difference between initial and final measurements, taking into account a distortion rate for each radiograph compared with original implant measurements.Results: Survival rate was 98.2%, with only one implant lost (100% survival rate after loading) over a mean follow‐up time of 2.0 ± 0.9 years. MBL ranged from 0 to 2.85 mm: 75.9% of mesial sites and 83.4% of distal sites showed <1 mm of MBL, whereas 35.2% of mesial sites and 37% of distal sites exhibited no bone loss. MBL was significantly (P <0.05) greater in open‐flap compared with flapless surgery.Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, it was concluded that maxillary sinus elevation with 100% ABB gives predictable results, and that flapless surgery results in less MBL compared with traditional open‐flap surgery.