bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annual variability in dentin δ15N and δ13C reveal sex differences in weaning age and feeding habits in Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus)
Authors: Evacitas Florence Chan , Kao Wen‐Yuan , Worthy Graham A. J. , Chou Lien‐Siang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTeeth of odontocetes accumulate annual dentinal growth layer groups (GLGs) that record isotope ratios, which reflect the time of their synthesis. Collectively, they provide lifetime records of individual feeding patterns from which life history traits can be inferred. We subsampled the prenatal dentin and postnatal GLGs in Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) (n = 65) that stranded or were collected as bycatch in Taiwan (1994–2014) and analyzed them for δ15N and δ13C. Age‐specific δ15N and δ13C values were corrected for effects of calendar year, stranding site, C/N, and sex. δ15N values were higher in prenatal layers (14.94‰ ± 0.74‰) than in adult female GLGs (12.58‰ ± 0.20‰), suggesting fetal enrichment during gestation. Decreasing δ15N values in early GLGs suggested changes in dietary protein sources during transition to complete weaning. Weaning age was earlier in males (1.09 yr) than in females (1.81 yr). Significant differences in δ15N values between weaned males and females suggest potential sexual segregation in feeding habits. δ13C values increased from the prenatal to the 4th GLG by ~1.0‰, indicative of a diet shift from 13C‐depleted milk to prey items. Our results provide novel insights into the sex‐specific ontogenetic changes in feeding patterns and some life history traits of Risso's dolphins.
Quality of healthcare information on the Internet: the case of Apicectomies
Authors: Parvizi M. , Talai N.N. , Parvizi Z. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatients often have misconceptions about the appropriateness of an Apiceptomy, partly due to poor quality information on the Internet. Clinical consequences include a patient's false expectations of preserving a tooth that is of a poor prognosis or conversely the loss of a tooth that had the potential to be saved.AimTo assess the quality of information available for patients on Apicectomy.Materials and methodsWe conducted a quality assessment of online information relating to Apicectomies using the DISCERN instrument.ResultsFifteen websites met the inclusion criteria, of which one had ‘good’ quality, seven were of ‘fair’ quality, and seven had ‘poor’ quality. Furthermore, no websites were of ‘excellent’ or ‘very poor’ quality.ConclusionsOur results are in line with the literature demonstrating poor quality online health information. Furthermore, we find that websites authored by dentists do not have a superior quality to those with unspecified authors. We propose that practitioners can adopt a proactive role. For example, Wikipedia was the first search result, yet was of ‘poor quality’. Due to Wikipedia being a user‐generated website, practitioners can revise its content to enhance the quality of information. Such action may lead to better‐informed patients, more dynamic doctor–patient relationship, and reduction in the gap between the expectations of patients and realities of Apicectomy outcomes.
Faunal response to sea‐level and climate change in a short‐lived seaway: Jurassic of the Western Interior, USA
Authors: Danise Silvia , Holland Steven M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUnderstanding how regional ecosystems respond to sea‐level and environmental perturbations is a main challenge in palaeoecology. Here we use quantitative abundance estimates, integrated within a sequence stratigraphic and environmental framework, to reconstruct benthic community changes through the 13 myr history of the Jurassic Sundance Seaway in the western United States. Sundance Seaway communities are notable for their low richness and high dominance relative to most areas globally in the Jurassic, and this probably reflects steep temperature and salinity gradients along the 2000 km length of the Seaway that hindered colonization of species from the open ocean. Ordination of samples shows a main turnover event at the Middle–Upper Jurassic transition, which coincided with a shift from carbonate to siliciclastic depositional systems in the Seaway, probably initiated by northward drift from subtropical latitudes to more humid temperate latitudes, and possibly global cooling. Turnover was not uniform across the onshore–offshore gradient, but was higher in offshore environments. The higher resilience of onshore communities to third‐order sea‐level fluctuations and to the change from a carbonate to a siliciclastic system was driven by a few abundant eurytopic species that persisted from the opening to the closing of the Seaway. Lower stability in offshore facies was instead controlled by the presence of more volatile stenotopic species. Such increased onshore stability in community composition contrasts with the well‐documented onshore increase in taxonomic turnover rates, and this study underscores how ecological analyses of relative abundance may contrast with taxonomically based analyses. We also demonstrate the importance of a stratigraphic palaeobiological approach to reconstructing the links between environmental and faunal gradients, and how their evolution through time produces local stratigraphic changes in community composition.
Comparison of caudal ropivacaine‐morphine and paravertebral catheter for major upper abdominal surgery in infants
Authors: Sato Makoto , Iida Takafumi , Kikuchi Chika , Sasakawa Tomoki , Kunisawa Takayuki 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe caudal epidural block is one of the most commonly used regional anesthetic techniques in children. Administration of morphine via caudal injection enables analgesia, even for upper abdominal surgery. The thoracic paravertebral block has also been successfully used to treat perioperative pain during upper abdominal procedures in pediatric patients.AimIn the current study, we compared the two regional techniques for upper abdominal surgery in infants to determine whether one of them was preferable to the other.MethodsConsecutive patients under 12 months of age who underwent upper abdominal surgery were retrospectively divided according to the chosen postoperative analgesia: Group C, caudal ropivacaine‐morphine; Group P, paravertebral catheter. We analyzed the following outcomes: requirement for additional analgesics, pain scores, need for mechanical ventilation and oxygen dosage, postoperative blood pressure and heart rate, time to pass first stool, time until first full meal, and complications.ResultsTwenty‐one consecutive patients were included: 10 in Group C and 11 in Group P. Median age at surgery was 80 (47.5−270.0) and 84.5 (34.3−287.5) days, respectively. No difference was found between the two groups in requirement for additional analgesics at 24 h after surgery (median 1 in Group C vs 1 in Group P, P = 0.288, 95% CI: −2 to 1). BOPS pain scores were only lower in Group P when compared to Group C at 24 h after surgery (median 1 vs 2, P = 0.041, 95% CI: −2 to 0). None of the patients had perioperative complications.ConclusionsIn this small series, there was no significant difference between caudal ropivacaine‐morphine and paravertebral catheter for postoperative care in infants undergoing upper abdominal surgery. Further prospective studies are needed to compare the efficacy and incidence of complications of caudal block and paravertebral catheter for postoperative analgesia.
Risks of Preterm Delivery and Small for Gestational Age Infants: Effects of Nondaily and Low‐Intensity Daily Smoking During Pregnancy
Authors: Tong Van T. , England Lucinda J. , Rockhill Karilynn M. , D'Angelo Denise V. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have examined the effects of nondaily smoking or low‐intensity daily smoking and infant outcomes. We examined the associations between preterm delivery and small for gestational age (SGA) infants in relation to both nondaily and daily smoking.MethodsWe used population‐based data on women who delivered live singleton infants using the 2009–11 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. Women's smoking status in the last 3 months of pregnancy was categorised as nonsmokers, quitters, nondaily smokers (<1 cigarette/day), and daily smokers. Controlling for maternal age, maternal race/ethnicity, education, marital status, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), trimester of prenatal care entry, parity, and alcohol use, we estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) for the outcomes of preterm delivery (<37 weeks’ gestation) and SGA.ResultsOf the 88 933 women, 13.1%, 1.7%, and 9.6% of the sample were quitters, nondaily smokers, and daily smokers, respectively, in the last 3 months of pregnancy. While nondaily smoking was not associated with preterm delivery, daily smoking was. However, we found no dose–response relationship with the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Risk of delivering a SGA infant was increased for both nondaily and daily smokers (PR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1, 1.8 and PR 2.0, 95% CI 1.9, 2.2 respectively).ConclusionsNondaily smoking in the last 3 months of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of delivering a SGA infant. Pregnant women should be counselled that smoking, including nondaily and daily smoking, can adversely affect birth outcomes.
Are foetal ultrasonographic and maternal blood progesterone measurements near parturition reliable predictors of the time of birth in the domestic cat?
Authors: Keiser R , Reichler IM , Balogh O 
Published: February 2017

ContentsIn cats, accuracy of parturition day prediction by ultrasonographic measurement of foetal structures is decreasing towards the end of gestation. Foetal measurements during the last days of pregnancy are scarce. We determined foetal biparietal, abdominal and eye diameter (BPD, AD and ED, respectively) by ultrasonography as well as maternal blood progesterone (P4) within five days of delivery to predict parturition date and calculate accuracy of prediction. Foetal BPD at birth was compared with newborn kitten head diameter (HD). Kitten HD, crown‐rump length (CRL) and body weight were compared by breed and gender. Ultrasonography measurements were carried out on the day of parturition in 14 queens, and on days 62–63 after the first mating and repeated 24–72 hr later in ten other cats. Accuracy of parturition day prediction using BPD and AD was determined based on the equations of Beccaglia et al. (2008) Veterinary Research Communications, 32(Suppl 1), S99 and Garcia Mitacek et al. (2015) Theriogenology, 84, 1131. Progesterone was measured at the time of presentation and repeated 24–72 hr later if parturition did not occur. Data were analysed with linear regression, t test, Mann–Whitney U test, one‐way anova and Kruskal–Wallis test. There was a moderate relationship between BPD, days before birth (DBB) and litter size. AD and DBB had a low agreement, and ED was not associated with DBB. BPD at birth was significantly related to HD. The accuracy of parturition day prediction using BPD and AD was 27–53% and 17–35%, respectively. Kitten HD was associated with body weight, and both were inversely related to litter size. Newborn biometric measurements differed by breed but not by gender. Progesterone decreased towards parturition and reached 3.18 ± 1.68 ng/ml on the day of delivery. In conclusion, close to birth, the combination of foetal ultrasonography and maternal blood P4 rather than each as a sole predictor of parturition is recommended.
The migration of professionals within the EU: Any barriers left?
Authors: Capuano Stella , Migali Silvia 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAs shown by the intense legislative effort at the European Union level, the mutual recognition of professional qualifications represents an important step towards the completion of the single EU labor market. In this paper we provide the first empirical evidence on the link between intra‐EU mobility and mutual recognition of professional qualifications. Our results show that bilateral EU migration is positively affected by the destination country's rate of recognition of professional qualifications obtained in another EU member state.
On‐field prediction vs monitoring of aerobic capacity markers using submaximal lactate and heart rate measures
Authors: Garcia‐Tabar I. , Izquierdo M. , Gorostiaga E. M. 
Published: February 2017

This study aimed to validate the use of a single blood lactate concentration measurement taken following a 5‐minute running bout at 10 km·h−1 (BLC10) and the speed associated with 90% of maximal heart rate (S90) to predict and monitor fixed blood lactate concentration (FBLC) thresholds in athletes. Three complementary studies were undertaken. Study I: A cross‐sectional study examining the associations of BLC10 and S90 with running speeds at FBLC of 3 (S3mM) and 4 mmol·L−1 (S4mM) in 100 athletes. Study II: A cross‐validation study assessing the predictive capacity of BLC10 and S90 to estimate FBLC thresholds in real practice. Study III: A longitudinal study examining whether training‐induced changes in FBLC thresholds could be monitored using BLC10 and S90 in 80 athletes tested before and after an intensified training period. Study I: BLC10 (r=−.87 to −.89) and S90 (r=.73‐.79) were very largely (P<.001) related to FBLC thresholds. Study II: Predictive models yielded robust correlations between estimated and measured FBLC thresholds (r=.75‐.91; P<.001). The limits of agreements, however, revealed that prediction of FBLC thresholds could be biased up to 9%‐15%. Study III: BLC10 was very largely related to training‐induced changes in FBLC thresholds (r=−.72 to −.76; P<.001). Increases in S90 were associated with improvements in FBLC thresholds, but decreases in S90 led to unclear changes in FBLC thresholds. This study supports the use of BLC10 as a simple, low‐cost, non‐fatiguing, and time‐efficient functional variable to monitor, but not predict, FBLC thresholds in athletes. The present results also question the use of S90 to detect declines in endurance performance.
Voting “Ford” or Against: Understanding Strategic Voting in the 2014 Toronto Municipal Election
Authors: Caruana Carla M. N. , McGregor R. Michael , Moore Aaron A. , Stephenson Laura B. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveWe investigate the phenomenon of municipal‐level strategic voting in a high‐profile mayoral election with a nonpartisan ballot. The rate of strategic voting is calculated, and we investigate whether different types of anti‐candidate attitudes (based on policy or personality) affect strategic behavior.MethodsWe use survey data from the 2014 Toronto Election Study.ResultsThe estimated rate of strategic voting was 1.3 percent. Among those who did cast a strategic ballot, we find that anti‐candidate attitudes did not affect the likelihood of voting strategically—until the source of the dislike is considered, at which point electors who dislike a candidate on the basis of personality are shown to be more likely to cast their ballots strategically.ConclusionsStrategic voting was minimal, and did not affect the election outcome. The type of dislike toward a candidate (either on the basis of policy or personality) affects strategic behavior.
Impact of Online Education on Nurses’ Delivery of Smoking Cessation Interventions With Implications for Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Bialous Stella A. , Sarna Linda , Wells Marjorie J. , Brook Jenny K. , Kralikova Eva , Pankova Alexandra , Zatoński Witold , Przewozniak Krzysztof 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundTobacco use is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in Europe and worldwide. Nurses, if properly educated, can contribute to decreasing the burden of tobacco use in the region by helping smokers quit smoking.AimsTo assess: (a) the feasibility of an online program to educate nurses in Czech Republic and Poland on evidence‐based smoking cessation interventions for patients and (b) self‐reported changes in practices related to consistently (usually or always) providing smoking cessation interventions to smokers, before and 3 months after participation in the program.MethodsA prospective single‐group pre‐post design.ResultsA total of 280 nurses from Czech Republic and 156 from Poland completed baseline and follow‐up surveys. At 3 months, nurses were significantly more likely to provide smoking cessation interventions to patients who smoke and refer patients for cessation services (p < .01). Nurses significantly improved their views about the importance of nursing involvement in tobacco control.Implications for PracticeEducation about tobacco control can make a difference in clinical practice, but ongoing support is needed to maintain these changes. Health system changes can also facilitate the expectation that delivering evidence‐based smoking cessation interventions should be routine nursing care.Linking Evidence to ActionEducating nurses on cessation interventions and tobacco control is pivotal to decrease tobacco‐related disparities, disease, and death. Online methods provide an accessible way to reach a large number of nurses.
Calcium‐mediated cellular triggered activity in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Dobrev Dobromir , Wehrens Xander H. T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlthough atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly encountered cardiac arrhythmia, the basic mechanisms underlying this disorder remain incompletely understood. During the past decade or so, it has become clear that alterations in intracellular Ca2+ handling may play a role in the pathogenesis of AF. Studies in small and large animal models, as well as atrial samples from patients with different forms of AF, have implicated ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) dysfunction and enhanced spontaneous Ca2+ release events from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) as a potential cause of proarrhythmic cellular ectopic (triggered) activity in AF. The molecular mechanisms leading to RyR2 dysfunction and SR Ca2+ leak depend on the clinical stage of AF or specific animal model studied. This review focuses on the mechanisms and role of calcium‐mediated cellular triggered activity in AF, and addresses some of the current controversies in the field.
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Eriophyidae mites from Cupania trees (Sapindaceae) from the Atlantic Forest in Brazil: three new genera and five new species
Authors: Duarte Mercia Elias , Silva Edmilson Santos , Navia Denise 
Published: February 2017

Eight new taxa of Eriophyidae mites associated with native trees in the Cupania genus—C. oblongifolia Mart. and C. impressinervia Acev (Sapindaceae)—from the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, are described and illustrated. They include two new genera and two new species of Nothopodinae, Colopodacini (Setibia domatiagena gen. nov., sp. nov. and Aricolopodos alagoensis gen. nov., sp. nov.), one new genus and two new species of Cecidophyinae, Colomerini (Euryslobos keronidos gen. nov., sp. nov. and Gammaphytoptus cupanius sp. nov.), and one new species of Phyllocoptinae, Tegonotini (Shevtchenkella caboata sp. nov.).
Confirming the Value of Swimming-Performance Models for Adolescents
Authors: Dormehl Shilo J. , Robertson Samuel J. , Barker Alan R. , Williams Craig A. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:To evaluate the efficacy of existing performance models to assess the progression of male and female adolescent swimmers through a quantitative and qualitative mixed-methods approach.
Methods:Fourteen published models were tested using retrospective data from an independent sample of Dutch junior national-level swimmers from when they were 12–18 y of age (n = 13). The degree of association by Pearson correlations was compared between the calculated differences from the models and quadratic functions derived from the Dutch junior national qualifying times. Swimmers were grouped based on their differences from the models and compared with their swimming histories that were extracted from questionnaires and follow-up interviews.
Results:Correlations of the deviations from both the models and quadratic functions derived from the Dutch qualifying times were all significant except for the 100-m breaststroke and butterfly and the 200-m freestyle for females (P < .05). In addition, the 100-m freestyle and backstroke for males and 200-m freestyle for males and females were almost directly proportional. In general, deviations from the models were accounted for by the swimmers’ training histories. Higher levels of retrospective motivation appeared to be synonymous with higher-level career performance.
Conclusion:This mixed-methods approach helped confirm the validity of the models that were found to be applicable to adolescent swimmers at all levels, allowing coaches to track performance and set goals. The value of the models in being able to account for the expected performance gains during adolescence enables quantification of peripheral factors that could affect performance.
Factors Affecting Match Running Performance in Professional Australian Football
Authors: Ryan Samuel , Coutts Aaron J. , Hocking Joel , Kempton Thomas 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:To examine the influence of a range of individual player characteristics and match-related factors on activity profiles during professional Australian football matches.
Methods:Global positioning system (GPS) profiles were collected from 34 professional Australian football players from the same club over 15 competition matches. GPS data were classified into relative total and high-speed running (HSR; >20 km/h) distances. Individual player aerobic fitness was determined from a 2-km time trial conducted during the preseason. Each match was classified according to match location, season phase, recovery length, opposition strength, and match outcome. The total number of stoppages during the match was obtained from a commercial statistics provider. A linear mixed model was constructed to examine the influence of player characteristics and match-related factors on both relative total and HSR outputs.
Results:Player aerobic fitness had a large effect on relative total and HSR distances. Away matches and matches lost produced only small reductions in relative HSR distances, while the number of rotations also had a small positive effect. Matches won, more player rotations, and playing against strong opposition all resulted in small to moderate increases in relative total distance, while early season phase, increased number of stoppages, and away matches resulted in small to moderate reductions in relative total distance.
Conclusions:There is a likely interplay of factors that influence running performance during Australian football matches. The results highlight the need to consider a variety of contextual factors when interpreting physical output from matches.