bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active Dendrites and Differential Distribution of Calcium Channels Enable Functional Compartmentalization of Golgi Cells
Authors: Rudolph Stephanie , Hull Court , Regehr Wade G. 
Published: November 2015

Interneurons are essential to controlling excitability, timing, and synaptic integration in neuronal networks. Golgi cells (GoCs) serve these roles at the input layer of the cerebellar cortex by releasing GABA to inhibit granule cells (grcs). GoCs are excited by mossy fibers (MFs) and grcs and provide feedforward and feedback inhibition to grcs. Here we investigate two important aspects of GoC physiology: the properties of GoC dendrites and the role of calcium signaling in regulating GoC spontaneous activity. Although GoC dendrites are extensive, previous studies concluded they are devoid of voltage-gated ion channels. Hence, the current view holds that somatic voltage signals decay passively within GoC dendrites, and grc synapses onto distal dendrites are not amplified and are therefore ineffective at firing GoCs because of strong passive attenuation. Using whole-cell recording and calcium imaging in rat slices, we find that dendritic voltage-gated sodium channels allow somatic action potentials to activate voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) along the entire dendritic length, with R-type and T-type VGCCs preferentially located distally. We show that R- and T-type VGCCs located in the dendrites can boost distal synaptic inputs and promote burst firing. Active dendrites are thus critical to the regulation of GoC activity, and consequently, to the processing of input to the cerebellar cortex. In contrast, we find that N-type channels are preferentially located near the soma, and control the frequency and pattern of spontaneous firing through their close association with calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channels. Thus, VGCC types are differentially distributed and serve specialized functions within GoCs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInterneurons are essential to neural processing because they modulate excitability, timing, and synaptic integration within circuits. At the input layer of the cerebellar cortex, a single type of interneuron, the Golgi cell (GoC), carries these functions. The extent of inhibition depends on both spontaneous activity of GoCs and the excitatory synaptic input they receive. In this study, we find that different types of calcium channels are differentially distributed, with dendritic calcium channels being activated by somatic activity, boosting synaptic inputs and enabling bursting, and somatic calcium cannels promoting regular firing. We therefore challenge the current view that GoC dendrites are passive and identify the mechanisms that contribute to GoCs regulating the flow of sensory information in the cerebellar cortex.
Electrical and Optical Activation of Mesoscale Neural Circuits with Implications for Coding
Authors: Millard Daniel C. , Whitmire Clarissa J. , Gollnick Clare A. , Rozell Christopher J. , Stanley Garrett B. 
Published: November 2015

Artificial activation of neural circuitry through electrical microstimulation and optogenetic techniques is important for both scientific discovery of circuit function and for engineered approaches to alleviate various disorders of the nervous system. However, evidence suggests that neural activity generated by artificial stimuli differs dramatically from normal circuit function, in terms of both the local neuronal population activity at the site of activation and the propagation to downstream brain structures. The precise nature of these differences and the implications for information processing remain unknown. Here, we used voltage-sensitive dye imaging of primary somatosensory cortex in the anesthetized rat in response to deflections of the facial vibrissae and electrical or optogenetic stimulation of thalamic neurons that project directly to the somatosensory cortex. Although the different inputs produced responses that were similar in terms of the average cortical activation, the variability of the cortical response was strikingly different for artificial versus sensory inputs. Furthermore, electrical microstimulation resulted in highly unnatural spatial activation of cortex, whereas optical input resulted in spatial cortical activation that was similar to that induced by sensory inputs. A thalamocortical network model suggested that observed differences could be explained by differences in the way in which artificial and natural inputs modulate the magnitude and synchrony of population activity. Finally, the variability structure in the response for each case strongly influenced the optimal inputs for driving the pathway from the perspective of an ideal observer of cortical activation when considered in the context of information transmission.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTArtificial activation of neural circuitry through electrical microstimulation and optogenetic techniques is important for both scientific discovery and clinical translation. However, neural activity generated by these artificial means differs dramatically from normal circuit function, both locally and in the propagation to downstream brain structures. The precise nature of these differences and the implications for information processing remain unknown. The significance of this work is in quantifying the differences, elucidating likely mechanisms underlying the differences, and determining the implications for information processing.
ARMC5 mutations in a large French-Canadian family with cortisol-secreting β-adrenergic/vasopressin responsive bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Bourdeau Isabelle , Oble Sylvie , Magne Fabien , Lévesque Isabelle , Cáceres-Gorriti Katia Y , Nolet Serge , Awadalla Philip , Tremblay Johanne , Hamet Pavel , Fragoso Maria Candida Barisson Villares , Lacroix André 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundBilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH) is a rare cause of Cushing's syndrome (CS) and its familial clustering has been described previously. Recent studies identified thatARMC5mutations occur frequently in BMAH, but the relation betweenARMC5mutation and the expression of aberrant G-protein-coupled receptor has not been examined in detail yet.MethodsWe studied a large French-Canadian family with BMAH and sub-clinical or overt CS. Screening was performed using the 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in 28 family members. Screening for aberrant regulation of cortisol by various hormone receptors were examinedin vivoin nine individuals. Sequencing of the coding regions ofARMC5gene was carried out.ResultsMorning ambulating cortisol post 1 mg DST were >50 nmol/l in 5/8 members in generation II (57–68 years old), 9/22 in generation III (26–46 years old). Adrenal size was enlarged at different degrees. All affected patients increased cortisol following upright posture, insulin-induced hypoglycemia and/or isoproterenol infusion. β-blockers led to the reduction of cortisol secretion in all patients with the exception of two who had adrenalectomies because of β-blockers intolerance. We identified a heterozygous germline variant in theARMC5gene c.327_328insC, (p.Ala110Argfs*9) in nine individuals with clinical or subclinical CS, in four out of six individuals with abnormal suppression to dexamethasone at initial investigation and one out of six individuals with current normal clinical screening tests.ConclusionsSystematic screening of members of the same family with hereditary BMAH allows the diagnosis of unsuspected subclinical CS associated with early BMAH. The relation between the causativeARMC5mutation and the reproducible pattern of aberrant β-adrenergic and V1-vasopressin receptors identified in this family remains to be elucidated.
PROJETO CURUPIRA: UMA PROPOSTA INTERDISCIPLINAR DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL PARA CONSTRUÇÃO DA CIDADANIA
Authors: Bizarro Leila Maria Couto Esturaro , Pereira Maria Helena , Silva Leila Maria Sotocorno e , Rigolin Isabela Marega 
Published: November 2015

Embora não consiga resolver, sozinha, todos os problemas ambientais da humanidade, a educação ambiental deve ser vista como um dos principais instrumentos para combatê-la. O trabalho tem por objetivo despertar no acadêmico do Curso de Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária o compromisso e responsabilidade ambiental, no que tange a tutela do meio ambiente, por meio de atividades de educação ambiental junto aos alunos, seja da rede pública ou privada do ensino fundamental – I Ciclo, ilustradas com a figura folclórica do Curupira. Relevante se faz no sentido de trazer à discussão a questão ambiental, ao mesmo tempo em que contribui para a formação cidadã do discente proporcionando-lhe ampliar os conhecimentos e visão holística de mundo. A metodologia empregada deu-se por meio de aulas, palestras, gincanas educativas, pesquisa bibliográfica e artigos científicos eletrônicos. Conclui-se que o Projeto Curupira de educação ambiental vêm de encontro com as propostas oferecidas pelo curso, através do envolvimento e da participação dos alunos na atividade extensiva proposta e no cumprimento da missão institucional da Universidade de desenvolver a educação num ambiente inovador e de formar cidadãos e futuros profissionais comprometidos com a responsabilidade social e ambiental. Palavras – chave: Educação Ambiental; Sustentabilidade Humana; Ética Ambiental.
Diversidad y estructura horizontal en los bosques tropicales del Corredor Biológico de Osa, Costa Rica
Authors: Morales-Salazar Manuel Safrirh , Vílchez-Alvarado Braulio , Chazdon Robin L. , Ortega-Gutiérrez Marco , Ortiz-Malavasi Edgar , Guevara-Bonilla Mario 
Published: November 2015

Se establecieron 14 parcelas permanentes (50 m x 100m) distribuidas en diferentes bosques del CorredorBiológico Osa (CBO), Costa Rica. Se evaluó la diversidady estructura horizontal en cuatro estadios de sucesiónde bosque con edades de: 5 a 15 años, 15 a 30 años,mayor de 30 años y primarios. Se identificaron y midierontodos los árboles con diámetro ≥ 5 cm. Los resultadosindicaron que los bosques secundarios fueron menosdiversos y estuvieron menos mezclados que los primariospara los diferentes índices utilizados, sin embargo estosvalores incrementaron con la edad de los bosques. Lascurvas de acumulación de especies en función del áreay número de individuos muestreados, mostraron que ladiversidad y riqueza aumentó proporcionalmente con la edad de los bosques. El área basal y número de especiesse muestrancomo mejores parámetros para medir el grado de recuperación de los bosques, contrario alnúmero de árboles por hectárea que no es tan efectivo.La distribución de los árboles y número de especiespor clase de diámetro tomaron la forma de “J” invertida,donde la reserva de árboles y especies en las primerasclases aseguran el equilibrio de los bosques. La principaldiferencia en la distribución del área basal por categoríade diámetro se presentó en las últimas clases (&gt; 55 cm),donde los bosques primarios presentaron los mayoresvalores, los cuales se concentraron en pocas especies yárboles de gran porte.
Inheritance of Pericarp Color, Nutritional Quality, and Grain Composition Traits in Black Sorghum
Authors: Pfeiffer Brian K. , Rooney William L. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTBlack pericarp grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] has high levels of phenolic compounds, especially 3‐deoxyanthocyanidins (3‐DOAs), which have application in food science and human nutrition as a high‐antioxidant food additive, natural food colorant, and natural food preservative. The inheritance of this trait is complex and has not been the subject of investigation, thus limiting further genetic improvement. To determine the genetic mechanisms governing this novel trait, a generation means analysis was performed using Tx378 (red), Tx3362 (black), and F1, F2, and backcross generations derived from these parents. These six generations were evaluated in 2013 in three diverse Texas growing environments. Significant additive, dominance, and epistatic effects were detected for grain color and associated grain composition traits. Segregating distributions confirmed black sorghum was recessive to red. Estimates of broad‐sense heritability on color traits ranged from 0.42 to 1.00, and 3‐DOA content was moderately to highly heritable (0.70). Methods to estimate gene number controlling the black pericarp trait ranged from 2 to 12 genes. Despite the complicated mode of inheritance, enough variation exists for future improvement of black sorghum. Creation of high‐yielding hybrids with uniformly dark grain and high levels of phenolic compounds will be possible through standard plant breeding practices.
Comparing Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Chip Genotyping for Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping in Wheat
Authors: Bajgain Prabin , Rouse Matthew N. , Anderson James A. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTArray‐ or chip‐based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are widely used in genomic studies because of their abundance in a genome and lower cost per data point than older marker technologies. Genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS), a relatively newer approach of genotyping, suggests equal appeal because of its lesser cost per data point and the avoidance of ascertainment bias during genotyping. In this study, we compared the results from quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, marker distribution on linkage maps, genome size, recombination sites covered by the markers, and cost per polymorphic marker, as well as the methodology and workflow between the Illumina Infinium 9000 SNP‐chip genotyping with GBS. Results indicate that while GBS offers similar genome coverage at almost one‐fourth the cost of SNP chip, the SNP‐chip method is less demanding of computational skills and resources. Eight and nine QTL were detected in the GBS and SNP‐chip datasets, respectively, with one QTL common between the systems. Additionally, imputation accuracy of the GBS dataset was examined by introducing missing values randomly and imputing the missing alleles using a probabilistic principal components algorithm. Imputation results suggest recovery of the missing alleles with reasonable accuracy in datasets with low (up to 40%) amount of missing data is possible and can provide acceptable accuracy in gene mapping. Overall, the comparative results indicate that both approaches provide good genome coverage and similar mapping results. The choice of the genotyping platform is decided by the nature of the study and available resources.
Long-term Glycemic Variability and Risk of Adverse Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gorst Catherine , Kwok Chun Shing , Aslam Saadia , Buchan Iain , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Myint Phyo K. , Heatlie Grant , Loke Yoon , Rutter Martin K. , Mamas Mamas A. 
Published: November 2015

OBJECTIVE
Glycemic variability is emerging as a measure of glycemic control, which may be a reliable predictor of complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the association between HbA1c variability and micro- and macrovascular complications and mortality in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Medline and Embase were searched (2004–2015) for studies describing associations between HbA1c variability and adverse outcomes in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed with stratification according to the measure of HbA1c variability, method of analysis, and diabetes type.

RESULTS
Seven studies evaluated HbA1c variability among patients with type 1 diabetes and showed an association of HbA1c variability with renal disease (risk ratio 1.56 [95% CI 1.08–2.25], two studies), cardiovascular events (1.98 [1.39–2.82]), and retinopathy (2.11 [1.54–2.89]). Thirteen studies evaluated HbA1c variability among patients with type 2 diabetes. Higher HbA1c variability was associated with higher risk of renal disease (1.34 [1.15–1.57], two studies), macrovascular events (1.21 [1.06–1.38]), ulceration/gangrene (1.50 [1.06–2.12]), cardiovascular disease (1.27 [1.15–1.40]), and mortality (1.34 [1.18–1.53]). Most studies were retrospective with lack of adjustment for potential confounders, and inconsistency existed in the definition of HbA1c variability.

CONCLUSIONS
HbA1c variability was positively associated with micro- and macrovascular complications and mortality independently of the HbA1c level and might play a future role in clinical risk assessment.
Ginger‐derived nanoparticles protect against alcohol‐induced liver damage
Authors: Zhuang Xiaoying , Deng Zhong‐Bin , Mu Jingyao , Zhang Lifeng , Yan Jun , Miller Donald , Feng Wenke , McClain Craig J. , Zhang Huang‐Ge 
Published: November 2015

Daily exposure of humans to nanoparticles from edible plants is inevitable, but significant advances are required to determine whether edible plant nanoparticles are beneficial to our health. Additionally, strategies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying any beneficial effects. Here, as a proof of concept, we used a mouse model to show that orally given nanoparticles isolated from ginger extracts using a sucrose gradient centrifugation procedure resulted in protecting mice against alcohol‐induced liver damage. The ginger‐derived nanoparticle (GDN)–mediated activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) led to the expression of a group of liver detoxifying/antioxidant genes and inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species, which partially contributes to the liver protection. Using lipid knock‐out and knock‐in strategies, we further identified that shogaol in the GDN plays a role in the induction of Nrf2 in a TLR4/TRIF‐dependent manner. Given the critical role of Nrf2 in modulating numerous cellular processes, including hepatocyte homeostasis, drug metabolism, antioxidant defenses, and cell‐cycle progression of liver, this finding not only opens up a new avenue for investigating GDN as a means to protect against the development of liver‐related diseases such as alcohol‐induced liver damage but sheds light on studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying interspecies communication in the liver via edible plant–derived nanoparticles.
“Je suis rital et je le reste…” Expertise de l’inclusion italienne (en)chantée ou la transformation spectaculaire d’un monstre
Authors: Galloro Piero-D. 
Published: November 2015

L’arrivée de flux migratoires massifs d’Italiens en France s’est accompagnée dès la fin du xixe siècle d’une production d’images stéréotypées véhiculées tant par la presse, la littérature, que par les chansons. Après des décennies d’italophobie, la perception des Cisalpins s’est améliorée au sein de la société française et ce processus d’inversion sociale des regards transparait dans les thématiques et les postures d’artistes qui – tels Claude Barzotti et Frédéric François – n’hésitent pas, dès les années 1970, à brandir fièrement leurs origines italiennes. L’analyse et la contextualisation de leurs œuvres musicales permettent de comprendre une partie des mécanismes qui ont favorisé le passage d’une monstration excluante des Italiens à une mise en scène spectaculaire de leurs identités par ces derniers dans un retournement de stigmates valorisant.
“Et viva Conchita !” Le stéréotype de la “bonne à tout faire” espagnole dans la chanson française (années 1960-1970)
Authors: Tur Bruno 
Published: November 2015

Les années 1960 ont été marquées, en France, par une immigration espagnole importante. Au sein de cette communauté, les femmes étaient nombreuses, attirées par des emplois dans le secteur domestique, à Paris particulièrement. Bon nombre d’entre elles ont trouvé une place de « bonne à tout faire » dans les familles aisées de la capitale. On voit alors apparaître un stéréotype porté par le personnage de la domestique Conchita. Il s’alimente d’un stéréotype littéraire préexistant, celui de la femme fatale andalouse, décrite au xixe siècle par les écrivains francophones, mais évolue dès le début des années 1960 vers un personnage enfantin et dépourvu de bon sens. Tout au long des années 1960 et 1970, plusieurs chansons mettent en scène ce personnage, qui a marqué l’imaginaire collectif français.
Uncovering Hospitalists’ Information Needs from Outside Healthcare Facilities in the Context of Health Information Exchange Using Association Rule Learning
Authors: Mora E. , Gemmani M. , Zayas-Castro J. , Martinez D.A. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackground: Important barriers to health information exchange (HIE) adoption are clinical work-flow disruptions and troubles with the system interface. Prior research suggests that HIE interfaces providing faster access to useful information may stimulate use and reduce barriers for adoption; however, little is known about informational needs of hospitalists.Objective: To study the association between patient health problems and the type of information requested from outside healthcare providers by hospitalists of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: We searched operational data associated with fax-based exchange of patient information (previous HIE implementation) between hospitalists of an internal medicine department in a large urban tertiary care hospital in Florida, and any other affiliated and unaffiliated healthcare provider. All hospitalizations from October 2011 to March 2014 were included in the search. Strong association rules between health problems and types of information requested during each hospitalization were discovered using Apriori algorithm, which were then validated by a team of hospitalists of the same department.Results: Only 13.7% (2 089 out of 15 230) of the hospitalizations generated at least one request of patient information to other providers. The transactional data showed 20 strong association rules between specific health problems and types of information exist. Among the 20 rules, for example, abdominal pain, chest pain, and anaemia patients are highly likely to have medical records and outside imaging results requested. Other health conditions, prone to have records requested, were lower urinary tract infection and back pain patients.Conclusions: The presented list of strong co-occurrence of health problems and types of information requested by hospitalists from outside healthcare providers not only informs the implementation and design of HIE, but also helps to target future research on the impact of having access to outside information for specific patient cohorts. Our data-driven approach helps to reduce the typical biases of qualitative research.
Earth Forces: Contemporary Land Arts, Technology and New Materialist Aesthetics
Authors: Parikka Jussi 
Published: November 2015

This article addresses recent art projects that are discussed under the notion of new materialist aesthetics. This term is used to elaborate connections between these projects and their methods and recent discussions of the nonhuman and posthuman philosophy. The article also elaborates some positions in technological or 'media art' practices that work on hardware and infrastructure but also on the geophysical underpinnings of media. It expands on more geocentric perspectives in art and aesthetics through connecting a range of such projects by a contemporary artists including Martin Howse, Jonathan Kemp, Ryan Jordan, Terike Haapoja, Jamie Allen and David Gauthier to the body of land art (as represented by Robert Smithson) and current new materialist discussions.