bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prognostic value of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in colorectal cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Haram Abdelhamed , Boland Michael R. , Kelly Michael E. , Bolger Jarlath C. , Waldron Ronan M. , Kerin Michael J. 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESThe detection of a simple and reliable prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes remains a significant challenge. The use of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), has been reported to predict surgical and survival outcomes. The aim of our review was to assess the predictive value of pre‐operative NLR in predicting post‐operative outcomes in CRC.METHODSA systematic review of the available studies on NLR in CRC was performed. Primarily, we assessed its ability to predict survival outcomes, and highlight values that would help adjuvant therapy choices.RESULTS19 studies comprising 10 259 patients were included. Eleven and eight studies reported on patients with localized CRC and colorectal liver metastasis, respectively. Five‐year survival for those with localized CRC was 77.2% in patients with a “low” pre‐operative NLR versus 50.8% in those with a “high” pre‐operative NLR value. Alternatively, for patients with colorectal liver metastasis, patients with a “high” pre‐operative NLR value had a 5‐year survival of 27%.CONCLUSIONElevated pre‐operative NLR>5 is associated with poorer long‐term survival in both patients with localized CRC and those with liver metastasis. NLR is a useful biomarker in delineating those patients with poorer prognosis and whom may benefit from adjuvant therapies.
The effect of preoperative chemotherapy treatment in surgically treated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients—A multi‐institutional analysis
Authors: Buettner Stefan , Koerkamp Bas Groot , Ejaz Aslam , Buisman Florian E. , Kim Yuhree , Margonis Georgios Antonios , Alexandrescu Sorin , Marques Hugo P. , Lamelas Jorge , Aldrighetti Luca , Gamblin T. Clark , Maithel Shishir K. , Pulitano Carlo , Bauer Todd W. , Shen Feng , Poultsides George A. , Marsh J. Wallis , IJzermans Jan N.M. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: January 2017

INTRODUCTIONWhile preoperative chemotherapy (pCT) is utilized in many intra‐abdominal cancers, the use of pCT among patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains ill defined. As such, the objective of the current study was to examine the impact of pCT among patients undergoing curative‐intent resection for ICC.METHODSPatients who underwent hepatectomy for ICC were identified from a multi‐institutional international cohort. The association between pCT with peri‐operative and long‐term clinical outcomes was assessed.RESULTSOf the 1 057 patients who were identified and met the inclusion criteria, 62 patients (5.9%) received pCT. These patients were noticed to have more advanced disease. Median OS (pCT:46.9 months vs no pCT:37.4 months; P = 0.900) and DFS (pCT: 34.1 months vs no pCT: 29.1 months; P = 0.909) were similar between the two groups. In a subgroup analysis of propensity‐score matched patients, there was longer OS (pCT:46.9 months vs no pCT:29.4 months) and DFS (pCT:34.1 months vs no pCT:14.0 months); however this did not reach statistical significance (both P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, pCT utilization among patients with ICC was higher among patients with more advanced disease. Short‐term post‐operative outcomes were not affected by pCT use and receipt of pCT resulted in equivalent OS and DFS following curative‐intent resection.
Synthesis of Poly(phenyltriazolylcarboxylate)s with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics by Metal‐Free 1,3‐Dipolar Polycycloaddition of Phenylpropiolate and Azides
Authors: Yuan Wei , Chi Weiwen , Liu Ruimin , Li Hongkun , Li Yongfang , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: January 2017

Two soluble poly(phenyltriazolylcarboxylate)s (PPTCs) with high molecular weights (M
w up to 26 800) are synthesized by the metal‐free 1,3‐dipolar polycycloadditions of 4,4′‐isopropylidenediphenyl diphenylpropiolate (1) and tetraphenylethene‐containing diazides (2) in dimethylformamide at 150 °C for 12 h in high yields (up to 93%). The resultant polymers are soluble in common organic solvents and are thermally stable with 5% weight loss temperatures higher than 375 °C. The PPTCs are nonemissive in solutions, but become highly luminescent upon aggregation, showing a phenomenon of aggregation‐induced emission. Their aggregates can be used as fluorescent chemosensors for high‐sensitivity detection of explosives.
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Trust‐region based return mapping algorithm for implicit integration of elastic‐plastic constitutive models
Authors: Lester B. T. , Scherzinger W. M. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryA new method for the solution of the non‐linear equations forming the core of constitutive model integration is proposed. Specifically, the trust‐region method that has been developed in the numerical optimization community is successfully modified for use in implicit integration of elastic‐plastic models. Although attention here is restricted to these rate‐independent formulations, the proposed approach holds substantial promise for adoption with models incorporating complex physics, multiple inelastic mechanisms, and/or multiphysics. As a first step, the non‐quadratic Hosford yield surface is used as a representative case to investigate computationally challenging constitutive models. The theory and implementation are presented, discussed, and compared with other common integration schemes. Multiple boundary value problems are studied and used to verify the proposed algorithm and demonstrate the capabilities of this approach over more common methodologies. Robustness and speed are then investigated and compared with existing algorithms. Through these efforts, it is shown that the utilization of a trust‐region approach leads to superior performance versus a traditional closest‐point projection Newton–Raphson method and comparable speed and robustness to a line search augmented scheme. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between Side‐Chain Polarity and the Self‐Assembly Characteristics of Perylene Diimide Derivatives in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Schill Jurgen , Milroy Lech‐Gustav , Lugger Jody A. M. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. , Brunsveld Luc 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPerylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid diimides (PDIs) have recently gained considerable interest for water‐based biosensing applications. PDIs have been studied intensively in the bulk state, but their physical properties in aqueous solution in interplay with side‐chain polarity are, however, poorly understood. Therefore, three perylene diimide based derivatives were synthesized to study the relationship between side‐chain polarity and their self‐assembly characteristics in water. The polarity of the side chains was found to dictate the size and morphology of the formed aggregates. Side‐chain polarity rendered the self‐assembly and photophysical properties of the PDIs—both important for imminent water‐based applications—and these were revealed to be especially responsive to changes in solvent composition.
Electronic properties of MoS2 nanoribbon with strain using tight‐binding method
Authors: Chen Shuo‐Fan , Wu Yuh‐Renn 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe tight binding method was used to calculate the band structures of and its nanoribbon structures. We studied the influences of the quantum confinement effect and the strain effect to the band structure. The tensile strains were applied on both the confined and the transport directions of the nanoribbon. We found that the bandgap and the effective mass decrease with an increasing strain. In addition, the tensile strain along the transport direction has a better effect on reducing the hole effective mass. Although external strains can reduce the carrier effective mass, the valence band edge actually changes from the K valley to the valley with a significantly larger effective mass.Sructure profile (real space and k‐space) and valence band maximum under different tensile strains.
A research review on clinical needs, technical requirements, and normativity in the design of surgical robots
Authors: Díaz Carlos Eduardo , Fernández Roemi , Armada Manuel , García Felipe 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNowadays robots play an important role in society, mainly due to the significant benefits they provide when utilized for assisting human beings in the execution of dangerous or repetitive tasks. Medicine is one of the fields in which robots are gaining greater use and development, especially those employed in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). However, due to the particular conditions of the human body where robots have to act, the design of these systems is complex, not only from a technical point of view, but also because the clinical needs and the normativity aspects are important considerations that have to be taken into account in order to achieve better performances and more secure systems for patients and surgeons. Thus, this paper explores the clinical needs and the technical requirements that will trace the roadmap for the next scientific and technological advances in the field of robotic surgery, the metrics that should be defined for safe technology development and the standards that are being elaborated for boosting the industry and facilitating systems integration.
Low‐Head Dam Impacts on Habitat and the Functional Composition of Fish Communities
Authors: Smith S. C. F. , Meiners S. J. , Hastings R. P. , Thomas T. , Colombo R. E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe natural flow regime of many rivers in the USA has been impacted by anthropogenic structures. This loss of connectivity plays a role in shaping river ecosystems by altering physical habitat characteristics and shaping fish assemblages. Although the impacts of large dams on river systems are well documented, studies on the effects of low‐head dams using a functional guild approach have been fewer. We assessed river habitat quality and fish community structure at 12 sites on two rivers; the study sites included two sites below each dam, two sites in the pool above each dam and two sites upstream of the pool extent. Fish communities were sampled from 2012 to 2015 using a multi‐gear approach in spring and fall seasons. We aggregated fishes into habitat and reproductive guilds in order to ascertain dams' effects on groups of fishes that respond similarly to environmental variation. We found that habitat quality was significantly poorer in the artificial pools created above the dams than all other sampling sites. Fast riffle specialist taxa were most abundant in high‐quality riffle habitats farthest from the dams, while fast generalists and pelagophils were largely restricted to areas below the downstream‐most impoundment. Overall, these dams play a substantial role in shaping habitat, which impacts fish community composition on a functional level. Utilizing this functional approach enables us to mechanistically link the effects of impoundments to the structure of fish communities and form generalizations that can be applied to other systems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
College instruction is not so stress free after all: A qualitative and quantitative study of academic entitlement, uncivil behaviors, and instructor strain and burnout
Authors: Jiang Lixin , Tripp Thomas M. , Hong Phan Y. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe vast majority of today's college students are millennials, who have traits of confidence, tolerance, but also of entitlement and narcissism (Twenge, 2006). Therefore, college instructors face a unique challenge: dealing with the requests from academically entitled students, who have unreasonable expectations of receiving academic success, regardless of performance (Chowning & Campbell, 2009). We conducted two studies to examine whether student academic entitlement would increase instructors' strain and burnout via uncivil behaviors. A qualitative inquiry asked 136 instructors with college‐teaching experience to describe types of behaviors entitled students display, their responses to entitled students, and the influence of these interactions on instructors' well‐being. Next, a quantitative study with data from 857 college students nested in 34 instructors tested a multilevel mediation model where students' academic entitlement was related to instructor‐reported uncivil behaviors, which in turn related to instructors' strain and burnout. Both studies largely support our hypothesis that uncivil behaviors fully mediate the relationship between students' academic entitlement and instructors' strain and burnout. We recommend employing behavioral modification strategies to decrease uncivil behaviors (e.g., class rules regarding uncivil behaviors might be specified in the course syllabus and consistently enforced) because academic entitlement attitudes are largely stable beliefs and thus may be less amenable to modification.
Humphrey Jennings
Authors: Jennings Marie-Louise 
Published: January 2017

Humphrey Jennings was one of Britain's greatest documentary film-makers, described by Lindsay Anderson in 1954 as 'the only real poet the British cinema has yet produced'. A member of the GPO Film Unit and director of wartime canonical classics such as Listen to Britain (1942) and A Diary for Timothy (1945), he was also an acclaimed writer, painter, photographer and poet.
This seminal collection of critical essays, first published in 1982 and here reissued with a new introduction, traces Jennings's fascinating career in all its aspects with the aid of documents from the Jennings family archive. Situating Jennings's work in the world of his contemporaries, and illuminating the qualities by which his films are now recognised, Humphrey Jennings: Film-Maker, Painter, Poet explores the many insights and cultural contributions of this truly remarkable artist.
Fault trees on a diet: automated reduction by graph rewriting
Authors: Junges Sebastian , Guck Dennis , Katoen Joost-Pieter , Rensink Arend , Stoelinga Mariëlle 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Fault trees are a popular industrial technique for reliability modelling and analysis. Their extension with common reliability patterns, such as spare management, functional dependencies, and sequencing—known as
dynamic
fault trees (DFTs)—has an adverse effect on scalability, prohibiting the analysis of complex, industrial cases. This paper presents a novel, fully automated reduction technique for DFTs. The key idea is to interpret DFTs as directed graphs and exploit graph rewriting to simplify them. We present a collection of rewrite rules, address their correctness, and give a simple heuristic to determine the order of rewriting. Experiments on a large set of benchmarks show substantial DFT simplifications, yielding state space reductions and timing gains of up to two orders of magnitude.
Decades‐long effects of high CO2 concentration on soil nitrogen dynamics at a natural CO2 spring
Authors: Ueda Miki U. , Onoda Yusuke , Kamiyama Chiho , Hikosaka Kouki 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe effects of high atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on ecosystem processes have been explored using temporal facilities such as open‐top‐chambers and free‐air CO2 enrichment. However, the effects of high [CO2] on soil properties takes decades and may not be captured by short‐term experiments. Natural CO2 springs provide a unique opportunity to study the long‐term effects of high [CO2]. In this study, we investigated soil properties at a natural CO2 spring. We found that the amounts of total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stored in the soil at the high [CO2] site exceeded those in the reference site by 60 and 30%, respectively. The effects of high [CO2] were large in the upper slope position where the canopy openness was high and plants grew faster, but no effects were detected in the lowest position where the canopy openness was lower (half of that at the upper slope position). In contrast, effects of high [CO2] on soil N dynamics, such as N mineralization and nitrification rates, did not exhibit a slope gradient. This suggests that effects of high [CO2] differed among soil stoichiometric characteristics and N dynamics. These complicated effects of high [CO2] imply that the future effects of high [CO2] on ecosystems could vary widely in conjunction with environmental conditions such as light availability and/or topographic conditions.
The differing impacts of operational and financial slack on occupational safety in varying market conditions
Authors: Wiengarten Frank , Fan Di , Lo Chris K.Y. , Pagell Mark 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOperations management scholars have long debated the right level of slack resources required to optimize a production system. Recent research suggests that the right level of operational slack, typically in the form of inventory, is very little but not none. However, this conclusion was reached without considering the role of slack resources in occupational safety, which is a critical oversight since the safety literature predicts that the reduction of operational slack harms workers. To address this gap, secondary data from 3945 publically listed U.S. firms is used to explore the role of operational and financial slack as well as market factors in occupational safety. The results show that decreasing operational slack harms workers and that this effect is mitigated when firms hold higher levels of financial slack. Furthermore, the external market environment also plays a crucial role in the operational slack – safety relationship.
Androgens and Psychosocial Factors Related to Sexual Dysfunctions in Premenopausal Women∗
Authors: Wåhlin-Jacobsen Sarah , Kristensen Ellids , Pedersen Anette Tønnes , Laessøe Nanna Cassandra , Cohen Arieh S. , Hougaard David M. , Lundqvist Marika , Giraldi Annamaria 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Introduction
The female sexual response is complex and influenced by several biological, psychological, and social factors. Testosterone is believed to modulate a woman's sexual response and desire, because low levels are considered a risk factor for impaired sexual function, but previous studies have been inconclusive.

Aim
To investigate how androgen levels and psychosocial factors are associated with female sexual dysfunction (FSD), including hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD).

Methods
The cross-sectional study included 428 premenopausal women 19 to 58 years old who completed a questionnaire on psychosocial factors and had blood sampled at days 6 to 10 in their menstrual cycle. Logistic regression models were built to test the association among hormone levels, psychosocial factors, and sexual end points.

Main Outcome Measures
Five different sexual end points were measured using the Female Sexual Function Index and the Female Sexual Distress Scale: impaired sexual function, sexual distress, FSD, low sexual desire, and HSDD. Serum levels of total and free testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and androsterone glucuronide were analyzed using mass spectrometry.

Results
After adjusting for psychosocial factors, women with low sexual desire had significantly lower mean levels of free testosterone and androstenedione compared with women without low sexual desire. None of the androgens were associated with FSD in general or with HSDD in particular. Relationship duration longer than 2 years and mild depressive symptoms increased the risk of having all the sexual end points, including FSD in general and HSDD in particular in multivariate analyses.

Conclusion
In this large cross-sectional study, low sexual desire was significantly associated with levels of free testosterone and androstenedione, but FSD in general and HSDD in particular were not associated with androgen levels. Length of relationship and depression were associated with FSD including HSDD.
Optimal undulatory swimming for a single fish-like body and for a pair of interacting swimmers
Authors: Maertens Audrey P. , Gao Amy , Triantafyllou Michael S. 
Published: January 2017

We establish through numerical simulation conditions for optimal undulatory propulsion for a single fish, and for a pair of hydrodynamically interacting fish, accounting for linear and angular recoil. We first employ systematic two-dimensional (2-D) simulations to identify conditions for minimal propulsive power of a self-propelled fish, and continue with targeted 3-D simulations for a danio-like fish; all at Reynolds number 5000. We find that the Strouhal number, phase angle between heave and pitch at the trailing edge, and angle of attack are principal parameters. For 2-D simulations, imposing a deformation based on measured displacement for carangiform swimming provides, at best, efficiency of 35 %, which increases to 50 % for an optimized motion; for a 3-D fish, the efficiency increases from 22 % to 34 %. Indeed, angular recoil has significant impact on efficiency, and optimized body bending requires maximum bending amplitude upstream of the trailing edge. Next, we turn to 2-D simulation of two hydrodynamically interacting fish. We find that the upstream fish benefits energetically only for small distances. In contrast, the downstream fish can benefit at any position that allows interaction with the upstream wake, provided its body motion is timed appropriately with respect to the oncoming vortices. For an in-line configuration, one body length apart, the efficiency of the downstream fish can increase from 50 % to 60 %; for an offset arrangement it can reach 80 %. This proves that in groups of fish, energy savings can be achieved for downstream fish through interaction with oncoming vortices, even when the downstream fish lies directly inside the jet-like flow of an upstream fish.
EGYPTIAN COMICS AND THE CHALLENGE TO PATRIARCHAL AUTHORITARIANISM
Authors: Høigilt Jacob 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAdult comics are a new medium in the Arab world. This article is the first in-depth study of their emergence and role within Arab societies. Focused on Egypt, it shows how adult comics have boldly addressed political and social questions. Seeing them as part of a broader cultural efflorescence in Egypt, I argue that, against patriarchal authoritarianism, adult comics have expressed an alternative ideology of tolerance, civic rights and duties, individualism, creativity, and criticism of power. Specifically, they present a damning critique of Egypt's authoritarian order, as well as of the marginalization of women and broader gender dynamics in Egyptian society. Through frank humor, a playful style, and explicit graphics, they give voice to the concerns of young Egyptians. Connecting comics to other art forms such as music, graffiti, and political cartoons, I situate them within a critical cultural movement that came to the fore with the Egyptian uprising of 2011.