bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple and effective monitoring of the electromagnetic field in the smart cities arena
Authors: Ares‐Pena Francisco J. , Franceschetti Giorgio , Iodice Antonio , Salas‐Sánchez Aarón A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA simple and economical method for monitoring the electromagnetic field intensity in built‐up areas is presented. The method is based on the measurement of the field level over a limited number of points at street level in the city and their transmission to an operative control center, where the field values all over the city are correctly interpolated in real time. Citizens might obtain these values at their sites, via Internet, or by connecting with a dedicated call center. Numerical evaluations of the electromagnetic field intensity via the new developed model and confirming experimental results are finally presented.
An adaptive Gaussian process‐based method for efficient Bayesian experimental design in groundwater contaminant source identification problems
Authors: Zhang Jiangjiang , Li Weixuan , Zeng Lingzao , Wu Laosheng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSurrogate models are commonly used in Bayesian approaches such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to avoid repetitive CPU‐demanding model evaluations. However, the approximation error of a surrogate may lead to biased estimation of the posterior distribution. This bias can be corrected by constructing a very accurate surrogate or implementing MCMC in a two‐stage manner. Since the two‐stage MCMC requires extra original model evaluations after surrogate evaluations, the computational cost is still high. If the information of measurement is incorporated, a locally accurate surrogate can be adaptively constructed with low computational cost. Based on this idea, we integrate Gaussian process (GP) and MCMC to adaptively construct locally accurate surrogates for Bayesian experimental design in groundwater contaminant source identification problems. Moreover, the uncertainty estimate of GP approximation error is incorporated in the Bayesian formula to avoid over‐confident estimation of the posterior distribution. The proposed approach is tested with a numerical case study. Without sacrificing the estimation accuracy, the new approach achieves about 200 times of speed‐up compared to our previous work which implemented MCMC in a two‐stage manner.
Function Allocation between Human and Automation and Between Air and Ground
Authors: Feigh Karen , Pritchett Amy 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis chapter identifies the requirements for effective function allocation in UAS operations. Such function allocation must consider which functions should be executed by humans and which by automated agents – especially given that, unlike manned aircraft, the humans are removed to remote ground control stations. Effective function allocation must consider all the activities required to complete the UAS operations, that is, the taskwork functions. Furthermore, allocating functions between different agents then creates the need for additional teamwork functions specific to that function allocation to coordinate between agents. Key requirements include that each agent must be capable of each individual function it is allocated, and must be capable of its collective set of functions, including teamwork. Furthermore, the function allocation should consider the detailed dynamics of the UAS operations, particularly when a function allocation requires tightly coupled interactions and teamwork that will be dependent upon communication links between operator and vehicle. Finally, we note that function allocation is a key design decision that should be made deliberately: By addressing function allocation early in design, before the ground operator interface is created, key trade‐offs can be considered and fundamental concerns with human–machine integration addressed.
UASin the Terminal Area: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Gardi Alessandro , Ramasamy Subramanian , Kistan Trevor , Sabatini Roberto 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis chapter discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with the introduction of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) in terminal areas and other airspace regions characterized by high air traffic densities and high levels of air traffic services (ATS). The specificities in terms of jurisdiction and prevalent traffic characteristics are analyzed and discussed to support the identification of operational and equipage requirements for a safe integration of UAS. In particular, as the separation monitoring and deconfliction responsibilities are primarily on the air traffic management (ATM) side, it is clear that communication, navigation, surveillance, ATM, and avionics (CNS+A) equipment play an essential role in this scenario. This is furthermore supported in relation to the very frequent occurrence of potential conflicts, as the deconfliction by ATM relies on accurate and reliable CNS systems. Nevertheless, the higher jurisdiction of ATM operators may also offer an opportunity to UAS developers, as it is shown that less expert processing functions will be required to integrate ATM‐assisted sense‐and‐avoid (SAA) capabilities onboard the UAS.
Anthropometrically‐predicted visceral adipose tissue and mortality among men and women in the third national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES III)
Authors: Brown Justin C. , Harhay Michael O. , Harhay Meera N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis study seeks to quantify the relationship between anthropometrically‐predicted visceral adipose tissue (apVAT) and all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality among individuals of European descent in a population‐based prospective cohort study of 10,624 participants.MethodsThe apVAT with a validated regression equation that included age, body mass index, and waist and thigh circumferences were predicted.ResultsDuring a median of 18.8 years, 3531 participants died with 1153 and 741 deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease and cancer, respectively. In multivariable‐adjusted analyses that accounted for demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics, higher apVAT was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause (Ptrend < .001), cardiovascular‐specific (Ptrend < .001), and cancer‐specific mortality (Ptrend = .007). Excluding participants with a history of cancer, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or diabetes at baseline did not substantively alter effect estimates. apVAT more accurately predicted all‐cause, cardiovascular‐specific, and cancer‐specific mortality than body mass index (P < .001), waist circumference (P < .001), or the combination of body mass index and waist circumference (P < .001).ConclusionsThese data provide evidence that apVAT is associated with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in a large population‐based sample of men and women of European descent. These results support the use of apVAT to risk‐stratify individuals for premature mortality when imaging data are not available such as in routine clinical practice or in large clinical trials.
Myeloperoxidase–Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)–Positive and ANCA‐Negative Patients With Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener's): Distinct Patient Subsets
Authors: Miloslavsky Eli M. , Lu Na , Unizony Sebastian , Choi Hyon K. , Merkel Peter A. , Seo Philip , Spiera Robert , Langford Carol A. , Hoffman Gary S. , Kallenberg Cees G. M. , St.Clair E. William , Tchao Nadia K. , Fervenza Fernando , Monach Paul A. , Specks Ulrich , Stone John H. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) type and ANCA‐associated vasculitis (AAV) diagnosis with demographic features, disease manifestations, and clinical outcomes. We focused on patients who account for the differences between ANCA type and disease type classifications: anti‐myeloperoxidase (MPO)–ANCA–positive and ANCA‐negative patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA).MethodsWe performed a pooled analysis of the Wegener's Granulomatosis Etanercept Trial and the Rituximab in ANCA‐Associated Vasculitis trial comparing patients with MPO‐ANCA–positive GPA and patients with ANCA‐negative GPA to patients with proteinase 3 (PR3)–ANCA–positive GPA and patients with MPO‐ANCA–positive microscopic polyangiitis (MPA).ResultsOf the 365 patients analyzed, 273 (75%) had PR3‐ANCA–positive GPA, 33 (9%) had MPO‐ANCA–positive GPA, 15 (4%) had ANCA‐negative GPA, and 44 (12%) had MPO‐ANCA–positive MPA. MPO‐ANCA–positive GPA patients were younger at diagnosis compared to MPO‐ANCA–positive MPA patients (53 versus 61 years; P = 0.02). Their disease manifestations and rates of relapse were similar to those of PR3‐ANCA–positive GPA patients. Relapse was more frequent in MPO‐ANCA–positive GPA patients than in patients with MPO‐ANCA–positive MPA at trial entry as well as at 12 and 18 months. ANCA‐negative patients with GPA had lower Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener's Granulomatosis scores at trial entry than PR3‐ANCA–positive patients with GPA (4.5 versus 7.7; P < 0.01), primarily because of a lower prevalence of renal involvement.ConclusionWe were unable to demonstrate important clinical differences between MPO‐ANCA–positive and PR3‐ANCA–positive patients with GPA. The risk of relapse was associated more closely with disease type than with ANCA type in this patient cohort. These findings deserve consideration in the assessment of relapse risk in patients with AAV.
Comparative thermal inactivation analysis of Aspergillus oryzae and Thiellavia terrestris cutinase: Role of glycosylation
Authors: Shirke Abhijit N. , Su An , Jones J. Andrew , Butterfoss Glenn L. , Koffas Mattheos A.G. , Kim Jin Ryoun , Gross Richard A. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTCutinase thermostability is important so that the enzymes can function above the glass transition of what are often rigid polymer substrates. A detailed thermal inactivation analysis was performed for two well‐characterized cutinases, Aspergillus oryzae Cutinase (AoC) and Thiellavia terrestris Cutinase (TtC). Both AoC and TtC are prone to thermal aggregation upon unfolding at high temperature, which was found to be a major reason for irreversible loss of enzyme activity. Our study demonstrates that glycosylation stabilizes TtC expressed in Pichia pastoris by inhibiting its thermal aggregation. Based on the comparative thermal inactivation analyses of non‐glycosylated AoC, glycosylated (TtC‐G), and non‐glycosylated TtC (TtC‐NG), a unified model for thermal inactivation is proposed that accounts for thermal aggregation and may be applicable to other cutinase homologues. Inspired by glycosylated TtC, we successfully employed glycosylation site engineering to inhibit AoC thermal aggregation. Indeed, the inhibition of thermal aggregation by AoC glycosylation was greater than that achieved by conventional use of trehalose under a typical condition. Collectively, this study demonstrates the excellent potential of implementing glycosylation site engineering for thermal aggregation inhibition, which is one of the most common reasons for the irreversible thermal inactivation of cutinases and many proteins. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 63–73. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tailored Synthesis of 162‐Residue S‐Monoglycosylated GM2‐Activator Protein (GM2AP) Analogues that Allows Facile Access to a Protein Library
Authors: Nakamura Takahiro , Sato Kohei , Naruse Naoto , Kitakaze Keisuke , Inokuma Tsubasa , Hirokawa Takatsugu , Shigenaga Akira , Itoh Kohji , Otaka Akira 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA synthetic protocol for the preparation of 162‐residue S‐monoglycosylated GM2‐activator protein (GM2AP) analogues bearing various amino acid substitutions for Thr69 has been developed. The facile incorporation of the replacements into the protein was achieved by means of a one‐pot/N‐to‐C‐directed sequential ligation strategy using readily accessible middle N‐sulfanylethylanilide (SEAlide) peptides each consisting of seven amino acid residues. A kinetically controlled ligation protocol was successfully applied to the assembly of three peptide segments covering the GM2AP. The native chemical ligation (NCL) reactivities of the SEAlide peptides can be tuned by the presence or absence of phosphate salts. Furthermore, NCL of the alkyl thioester fragment [GM2AP (1–31)] with the N‐terminal cysteinyl prolyl thioester [GM2AP (32–67)] proceeded smoothly to yield the 67‐residue prolyl thioester, with the prolyl thioester moiety remaining intact. This newly developed strategy enabled the facile synthesis of GM2AP analogues. Thus, we refer to this synthetic protocol as “tailored synthesis” for the construction of a GM2AP library.
Selenoprotein O deficiencies suppress chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells
Authors: Yan Jidong , Fei Yao , Han Yan , Lu Shemin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSelenoprotein O (Sel O) is a selenium‐containing protein, but its function is still unclear. In the present study, we observed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of Sel O increased during chondrogenic induction of ATDC5 cells. The effects of Sel O on chondrocyte differentiation were then examined through shRNA‐mediated gene silencing technique. The expression of Sel O was significantly suppressed at both mRNA and protein levels in a stable cell line transfected with a Sel O‐specific target shRNA construct. Thereafter, we demonstrated that Sel O deficiencies suppress chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells. Sel O deficiencies inhibited expression of chondrogenic gene Sox9, Col II, and aggrecan. Sel O‐deficient cells also accumulated a few cartilage glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and decreased the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In addition, Sel O deficiencies inhibited chondrocyte proliferation through delayed cell cycle progression by suppression of cyclin D1 expression. Moreover, Sel O deficiencies induced chondrocyte death through cell apoptosis. In summary, we describe the expression patterns and the essential roles of Sel O in chondrocyte viability, proliferation, and chondrogenic differentiation. Additionally, Sel O deficiency‐mediated impaired chondrogenesis may illustrate the mechanisms of Se deficiency in the pathophysiological process of the endemic osteoarthropathy.
First Principles Simulations of Cyclic Voltammograms on Stepped Pt(553) and Pt(533) Electrode Surfaces
Authors: McCrum Ian T. , Janik Michael J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to examine hydrogen and hydroxide adsorption on stepped Pt(553) and Pt(533) surfaces and to simulate the associated cyclic voltammograms in both basic and acidic electrolytes. Hydrogen and hydroxide surface species are active intermediates or spectator species in many important electrocatalytic reactions, such as hydrogen oxidation, oxygen reduction, and methanol oxidation. We examine the adsorption of hydrogen, hydroxide, water, and a sodium cation onto the stepped platinum surfaces, Pt(553) and Pt(533). Owing to the strong adsorption of both hydrogen and hydroxide (with co‐adsorbed water) at the steps of Pt(553) and Pt(533), they will competitively adsorb on the step at low potentials. The presence of co‐adsorbed sodium near the step weakens the adsorption of solvated hydroxide, which we identify as a possible cause of the non‐Nernstian shift of the sharp step‐associated peaks in changing from acidic to basic electrolytes. We also examine hydrogen adsorption at the terrace of Pt(553) and Pt(533), and simulate a low‐potential cyclic voltammogram on Pt(553) and Pt(533). The experimental voltammogram is well‐represented as a sum of step and terrace features, and the (553) and (533) cyclic voltammetry features closely resemble those from the low‐index (111), (100), and (110) surface facets that match the local atom arrangements.
Revised Absolute Configuration of Sibiricumin A: Substituent Effects in Simplified Model Structures Used for Quantum Mechanical Predictions of Chiroptical Properties
Authors: Zhao Dan , Li Zheng‐Qiu , Cao Fei , Liang Miao‐Miao , Pittman Charles U. , Zhu Hua‐Jie , Li Li , Yu Shi‐Shan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study discusses the choice of different simplified models used in computations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra and other chiroptical characteristics used to determine the absolute configuration (AC) of the complex natural product sibiricumin A. Sections of molecules containing one chiral center with one near an aromatic group have large effects on the ECD spectra. Conversely, when the phenyl group is present on a substituent without a nonstereogenic center, removal of this section will have little effect on ECD spectra. However, these nonstereogenic‐center‐containing sections have large effects on calculated optical rotations (OR) values since the OR value is more sensitive to the geometries of sections in a molecule. In this study, the wrong AC of sibiricumin A was reassigned as (7R,8S,1'R,7'R,8'S)‐11. Chirality 28:612–617, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polarity Control at Interfaces: Quantifying Pseudo‐solvent Effects in Nano‐confined Systems
Authors: Singappuli‐Arachchige Dilini , Manzano J. Sebastian , Sherman Lindy M. , Slowing Igor I. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSurface functionalization controls local environments and induces solvent‐like effects at liquid–solid interfaces. We explored structure–property relationships between organic groups bound to pore surfaces of mesoporous silica nanoparticles and Stokes shifts of the adsorbed solvatochromic dye Prodan. Correlating shifts of the dye on the surfaces with its shifts in solvents resulted in a local polarity scale for functionalized pores. The scale was validated by studying the effects of pore polarity on quenching of Nile Red fluorescence and on the vibronic band structure of pyrene. Measurements were done in aqueous suspensions of porous particles, proving that the dielectric properties in the pores are different from the bulk solvent. The precise control of pore polarity was used to enhance the catalytic activity of TEMPO in the aerobic oxidation of furfuryl alcohol in water. An inverse relationship was found between pore polarity and activity of TEMPO in the pores, demonstrating that controlling the local polarity around an active site allows modulating the activity of nanoconfined catalysts.
Kinetic Modelling of the Plasma Recombination
Authors: Tskhakaya D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractImplementation of self‐consistent model of plasma recombination into the BIT1 PIC code and the simulation of detached SOL plasma are described. Our simulations indicate that in a strongly recombining plasma edge the sheath properties do not change qualitatively. The most affected parameter is the sheath heat transmission coefficient, which can increase by order of magnitude.
The CHA2DS2‐VASc score as a predictor of high mortality in hospitalized heart failure patients
Authors: Yoshihisa Akiomi , Watanabe Shunsuke , Kanno Yuki , Takiguchi Mai , Sato Akihiko , Yokokawa Tetsuro , Miura Shunsuke , Shimizu Takeshi , Abe Satoshi , Sato Takamasa , Suzuki Satoshi , Oikawa Masayoshi , Sakamoto Nobuo , Yamaki Takayoshi , Sugimoto Koichi , Kunii Hiroyuki , Nakazato Kazuhiko , Suzuki Hitoshi , Saitoh Shu‐ichi , Takeishi Yasuchika 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimsAtrial fibrillation (AF) is common in patients with heart failure (HF). CHA2DS2‐VASc score was originally employed as a risk assessment tool for stroke in patients with AF; however, it has recently been used to predict not only stroke but also various cardiovascular diseases beyond the original AF field. We aimed to verify the CHA2DS2‐VASc score as a risk assessment tool to predict mortality in patients with HF.Methods and ResultsConsecutive 1011 patients admitted for treatment of HF were divided into three groups based on their CHA2DS2‐VASc scores: score 1–3 group (n = 317), score 4–6 group (n = 549) and score 7–9 group (n = 145). Of the 1011 HF patients, 387 (38.3%) had AF. We compared patient characteristics among the three groups and prospectively followed for all‐cause mortality. Although left ventricular ejection fraction was similar among all three groups, all‐cause mortality was higher in the score 4–6 group and score 7–9 group than in the score 1–3 group (37.9 and 29.3% vs. 15.1%, log‐rank P < 0.001). In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis, the CHA2DS2‐VASc score 7–9 was an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality (all HF patients: hazard ratio (HR) 1.822, P = 0.011; HF patients with AF: HR 1.951, P = 0.031; HF patients without AF: HR 2.215, P = 0.033).ConclusionsThe CHA2DS2‐VASc score was an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality in HF patients with or without AF. This comprehensive risk assessment score may help identify HF patients who are at high risk for mortality in HF patient.
A novel geometric handover model for aerial 4G networks with WiFi‐based X2 interface
Authors: Fedrizzi Riccardo , Goratti Leonardo , Gomez Karina , Rasheed Tinku 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGiven the temporary nature of radio communications for mission critical scenarios, the existing dedicated public safety network lacks the flexibility of cutting edge technologies to leverage on packet data services. In this context, new challenges arise such as high‐capacity demand and low‐latency flexible backhaul connection for public safety users. In this paper, we consider a scenario in which 4G LTE radio coverage is provisioned by aerial eNodeBs installed on low‐altitude platforms raised in the sky and interconnected through WiFi links. We focus our attention on the critical aspect of theThird Generation Partnership Project handover mechanism studying the handover performance using a X2 interfaces over WiFi links. We develop a novel geometric model of the handover in the context of public safety communications but extensible also to other contexts. Relying on such a model, the handover failure probability is computed taking into account the different handover phases. The coverage area of an aerial eNodeB is studied using a suitable air‐to‐ground propagation model, while the average handover duration is computed taking into account the delay introduced by the WiFi communication dynamics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A variational ensemble Kalman filtering method for data assimilation using 2D and 3D version of COHERENS model
Authors: Amour Idrissa , Kauranne Tuomo 
Published: July 2016

SummaryDecoupled implementation of data assimilation methods has been rarely studied. The variational ensemble Kalman filter has been implemented such that it needs not to communicate directly with the model, but only through input and output devices. In this work, an open multi‐functional three‐dimensional (3D) model, the coupled hydrodynamical‐ecological model for regional and shelf seas (COHERENS), has been used. Assimilation of the total suspended matter (TSM) is carried out in 154 km2 lake Säkylän Pyhäjärvi. Observations of TSM were derived from high‐resolution satellite images of turbidity and chrolophyll‐a. For demonstrating the method, we have used a low‐resolution model grid of 1 km. The model was run for a period from May 16 to September 14. We have run the COHERENS model with two‐dimensional (2D) mode time steps and 3D mode time steps. This allows COHERENS to switch between 2D and 3D modes in a single run for computational efficiency. We have noticed that there is not much difference between these runs. This is because satellite images depict the derived TSM for the surface layer only. The use of additional 3D data might change this conclusion and improve the results. We have found that in this study, the use of a large ensemble size does not guarantee higher performance. The successful implementation of decoupled variational ensemble Kalman filter method opens the way for other methods and evolution models to enjoy the benefits without having to spend substantial effort in merging the model and assimilation codes together, which can be a difficult task. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.