bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Satisfaction in Tertiary Private Hospitals in Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Llego Jordan H , Shirah Mohammad O Al 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
This study is aimed to assess the level of satisfaction of patients in tertiary private hospitals in Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Materials and methods
This study used descriptive crosssectional design through a survey questionnaire.

Results
A great majority (57%) of respondents are male. Almost half (46.7%) of the respondents are 26 to 35 years old, some (30.3%) are more than 35 years old. The majority (54.5%) of hospitalized patients are married. Some (35.8%) of them reached the secondary level and some (31.5%) completed college. A great majority (57.6%) of the respondents’ salary was below 5,000 SR. A great majority pay their hospitalization by themselves (60.6%). Mean scores revealed: For facilities, the mean was 4.12, standard deviation (SD) = 0.85. For general services, the mean was = 4.13, SD= 0.77. The physician services scored mean = 4.06, SD= 0.88. The highest level of satisfaction according to mean is nursing services with mean= 4.22, SD= 0.80 and the lowest among the variables is convenience with mean= 4.05, SD= 0.84. The overall level of patient satisfaction with the services they received indicated by the mean is 3.91, SD= 1.1.

Conclusion
Researchers conclude that patients catered by the private tertiary hospitals in Najran Saudi Arabia are more of males, at middle adulthood, and are married who reached the secondary level and have an income of below 5,000 SR and have no health insurance. The level of satisfaction of patients in the private tertiary hospitals is satisfactory and that nursing service has the highest satisfaction level, which is very satisfactory. Clinical significance: The findings of this study are beneficial to the success of the organization. A patient who is satisfied will spread his experience to other people. A satisfied patient will also equate to return of investment. Meeting satisfaction of patients will also decrease the risk of malpractice lawsuits.

Clinical significance
The findings of this study are beneficial to the success of the organization. A patient who is satisfied will spread his experience to other people. A satisfied patient will also equate to return of investment. Meeting satisfaction of patients will also decrease the risk of malpractice lawsuits.

How to cite this article
Llego JH, Al Shirah MO. Patient Satisfaction in Tertiary Private Hospitals in Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2017;5(1):42-46.
Botanical Nootropics in Ayurveda
Authors: Srikanth Narayanam , Tewari Devesh , Haripriya Narayanam , Khanduri Shruti , Rath Chinmay , Mangal Anupam K , Gaidhani Sudesh N 
Published: September 2017

Aim:
This study focuses on the documentation and critical evaluation of the presence of botanical nootropics in Ayurveda based on the available classical literature in Ayurveda. The study also entails the terminology used for different memory and cognitive functions in the classical texts of Ayurveda.

Background:
The process of memory (smriti) and neurocognitive functions (medha) has been well documented by Indians since ancient times, and comprehensive portrayal concerning different diseases interfering neurocognitive functions and their management are embodied in ancient medical literatures. A detailed account of medicinal plants for enhancement of neurocognitive functions, such as medhya rasayanas, smritikara, buddhivivardhaka, buddhimatiprada drugs, etc. (nootropics and mental health promoters) can be traced from over nine codified texts of Ayurveda.

Review results:
Exposition of the uncharted knowledge about plant drugs ascribed with nootropic effect is scattered elsewhere in archaic medical literatures and is pivotal for further research and drug development. For rational, evidence-based use and development of safe, effective, and acceptable pharmacological dosage forms, it is vital to comprehend the mode of action of these plant drugs based on their traditional use, principles mentioned in Ayurveda texts, and also applying modern pharmacological thoughts.

Conclusion:
Documentation and critical evaluation of the presence of botanical nootropics in Ayurveda based on the available classical literature in Ayurveda was done. Mental health is one among the important health concerns in the emerging scenario, owing to the paradigm shift of the disease burden from communicable disease to noncommunicable disease in developed and developing countries. The potential leads from Ayurveda texts may be taken forward for further development of safe, effective, and user-friendly dosage forms through systematic preclinical and clinical studies. Further, the diverse terminology was found in different Ayurvedic text.
Geweten als ervaring, symbool en concept
Authors: Schinkel Anders 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Conscience as experience, symbol and concept

For most of the recorded history of the Western world, conscience was experienced and conceptualized as, if not a divine phenomenon in itself, then at least a point of contact with the divine, with absolute moral truth. Its respected status still shows in the legal provisions made for conscientious objections. Over time, however, conscience underwent a devaluation, until in the twentieth century the concept had largely disappeared from philosophical ethics as well as mainstream psychology. In this article I trace the history of conscience in an attempt to make sense of this devaluation, and to rethink the concept of conscience. Inspired by the work of Eric Voegelin, Michael Polanyi, and others, I argue that a certain forgetfulness lay behind the modern rejection of the concept: a forgetting of the symbolic nature of expressions of conscience, and of the experiences that engendered those expressions. By recovering those experiences and reminding ourselves of the symbolic nature of expressions of conscience we are also able to construct a ‘fluid’ concept of conscience that does justice to its experiential reality without reifying conscience. This may also be a first step towards a renewed appreciation of the meta-ethical importance of (engaging with) experiences of conscience.
Disfunctioneel geweten en morele incompetentie bij psychopaten
Authors: Vujošević Marijana 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Psychopaths’ Dysfunctional Conscience and their Moral Incompetence

I develop here a Kantian framework for understanding conscience in order to examine whether moral flaws of psychopaths are traceable to their dysfunctional conscience. When understood as the reflective capacity for moral self-assessment that triggers certain emotional reactions, conscience proves to be a fruitful tool for explaining psychopathic moral incompetence. First, I show how the unrealistic moral self-assessment of psychopaths affects their competence in judging moral issues and in being motivated to act morally. I then highlight how focusing on this specific rational deficit of psychopaths significantly modifies the status of rationalism within the contemporary dispute as to whether psychopathy supports sentimentalism alone.
Quantifying alkane emissions in the Eagle Ford Shale using boundary layer enhancement
Authors: Roest Geoffrey , Schade Gunnar 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The Eagle Ford Shale in southern Texas is home to a booming unconventional oil and gas industry, the climate and air quality impacts of which remain poorly quantified due to uncertain emission estimates. We used the atmospheric enhancement of alkanes from Texas Commission on Environmental Quality volatile organic compound monitors across the shale, in combination with back trajectory and dispersion modeling, to quantify C2–C4 alkane emissions for a region in southern Texas, including the core of the Eagle Ford, for a set of 68 days from July 2013 to December 2015. Emissions were partitioned into raw natural gas and liquid storage tank sources using gas and headspace composition data, respectively, and observed enhancement ratios. We also estimate methane emissions based on typical ethane-to-methane ratios in gaseous emissions. The median emission rate from raw natural gas sources in the shale, calculated as a percentage of the total produced natural gas in the upwind region, was 0.7 % with an interquartile range (IQR) of 0.5–1.3 %, below the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) current estimates. However, storage tanks contributed 17 % of methane emissions, 55 % of ethane, 82 % percent of propane, 90 % of n-butane, and 83 % of isobutane emissions. The inclusion of liquid storage tank emissions results in a median emission rate of 1.0 % (IQR of 0.7–1.6 %) relative to produced natural gas, overlapping the current EPA estimate of roughly 1.6 %. We conclude that emissions from liquid storage tanks are likely a major source for the observed non-methane hydrocarbon enhancements in the Northern Hemisphere.
Transposing an active fault database into a seismic hazard fault model for nuclear facilities – Part 1: Building a database of potentially active faults (BDFA) for metropolitan France
Authors: Jomard Hervé , Cushing Edward Marc , Palumbo Luigi , Baize Stéphane , David Claire , Chartier Thomas 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The French Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), with the support of the Ministry of Environment, compiled a database (BDFA) to define and characterize known potentially active faults of metropolitan France. The general structure of BDFA is presented in this paper. BDFA reports to date 136 faults and represents a first step toward the implementation of seismic source models that would be used for both deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard calculations. A robustness index was introduced, highlighting that less than 15 % of the database is controlled by reasonably complete data sets. An example of transposing BDFA into a fault source model for PSHA (probabilistic seismic hazard analysis) calculation is presented for the Upper Rhine Graben (eastern France) and exploited in the companion paper (Chartier et al., 2017, hereafter Part 2) in order to illustrate ongoing challenges for probabilistic fault-based seismic hazard calculations.
Geothermal flux and basal melt rate in the Dome C region inferred from radar reflectivity and heat modelling
Authors: Passalacqua Olivier , Ritz Catherine , Parrenin Frédéric , Urbini Stefano , Frezzotti Massimo 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Basal melt rate is the most important physical quantity to be evaluated when looking for an old-ice drilling site, and it depends to a great extent on the geothermal flux (GF), which is poorly known under the East Antarctic ice sheet. Given that wet bedrock has higher reflectivity than dry bedrock, the wetness of the ice–bed interface can be assessed using radar echoes from the bedrock. But, since basal conditions depend on heat transfer forced by climate but lagged by the thick ice, the basal ice may currently be frozen whereas in the past it was generally melting. For that reason, the risk of bias between present and past conditions has to be evaluated. The objective of this study is to assess which locations in the Dome C area could have been protected from basal melting at any time in the past, which requires evaluating GF. We used an inverse approach to retrieve GF from radar-inferred distribution of wet and dry beds. A 1-D heat model is run over the last 800 ka to constrain the value of GF by assessing a critical ice thickness, i.e. the minimum ice thickness that would allow the present local distribution of basal melting. A regional map of the GF was then inferred over a 80 km  ×  130 km area, with a N–S gradient and with values ranging from 48 to 60 mW m−2. The forward model was then emulated by a polynomial function to compute a time-averaged value of the spatially variable basal melt rate over the region. Three main subregions appear to be free of basal melting, two because of a thin overlying ice and one, north of Dome C, because of a low GF.
Libraries and Publisher Price Control: The Net Price System (1901–1914) and Contemporary E-book Pricing
Authors: Zhang Mei , Senchyne Jonathan 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
This article explores how librarians have responded to publishers' control over book prices in two different, yet related, historical periods. It historicizes the net price system, a book-price control system in the early twentieth century, within debates by librarians about library book buying and price negotiation practices. Turning to similarities in current e-book pricing, the article focuses on how publishers reduce the “fragility” of books as cultural commodities in either paper or electronic format, and then explores how libraries, publishers, and distributors gain power in library book pricing.
Reform and Revolution: Juvenile Detention Center Libraries in the 1970s
Authors: Austin Jeanie 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Librarians working with incarcerated populations during the 1970s drew from and contributed to ongoing movements against oppression based on race, gender, and sexuality. These movements shaped the ideologies and actions of librarians working with incarcerated youth. Librarians' ideological approaches were not always articulated through publications. This article examines publications in special issues of library journals during this period alongside associational archives and the revolutionary newsletter Inside-Outside to interrogate how ideologies of reform or revolution shaped library practice in juvenile detention facilities during this time. Inherent in this undertaking is an evaluation of how mainstream avenues for publication and association proceedings may have favored reformist positions. Available publications and records that relate to juvenile detention center libraries in the 1970s are framed in a larger discussion of youth incarceration.
Overleeft de survival clause?
Authors: Van Wechem T.H.M. , Spanjaard J.H.M. 
Published: September 2017

Overleeft de survival clause?
De survival clause wordt in veel contracten aangetroffen en heeft tot doel te bewerkstelligen dat de daarin genoemde artikelen het einde van de overeenkomst overleven. In dit artikel onderzoeken de schrijvers of de survival clause nodig is, dan wel dat de wettelijke regelingen over ontbinding en vernietiging het onderwerp al afdoende regelen. De schrijvers concluderen dat de survival clause nut heeft.
Het bestaansrecht van de Wet op de economische delicten revisited
Authors: Haentjens R.C.P. 
Published: September 2017

Het bestaansrecht van de Wet op de economische delicten revisited
De WED lijkt toe aan herziening in de vorm van een kaderwet Wet op de ordeningsdelicten (WOD). De structuur van de aanduiding van de materiële normen kan zo blijven, aangevuld met een specifiek sanctiearsenaal. Er dient een nuancering in de sancties te worden aangebracht door culpose delicten te introduceren. Strafvorderlijk gezien dient in de WOD een juridisch kader te worden gecreëerd voor onder andere overlegstructuren van toezichthouders en OM en de afdoeningsmodaliteit voor buitengerechtelijke afdoening. In de sanctietoemeting zal de verhouding tussen strafrecht en bestuursrecht opnieuw moeten worden geregeld. Speciale aandacht dient de Europese wetgeving in de nieuwe WOD te krijgen.
De AOW-uitkering van de gedetineerde uitkeringsgerechtigde
Authors: van der Vorm B. 
Published: September 2017

De AOW-uitkering van de gedetineerde uitkeringsgerechtigde
Gedurende de periode waarin appellant onder toepassing van artikel 577c Sv lijfsdwang onderging in een penitentiair psychiatrisch centrum, was hem rechtens zijn vrijheid ontnomen in de zin van artikel 8b, tweede lid, van de AOW. Appellant heeft daarom over die periode geen recht op AOW-pensioen. Blijkens de wetsgeschiedenis bij artikel 8b AOW heeft de wetgever bij de term ‘rechtens zijn vrijheid ontnomen’ niet enkel gedacht aan gevangenisstraf, maar ook aan andere vormen van detentie, zoals gijzeling wegens het niet betalen van verkeersboetes of het niet nakomen van wettelijke verplichtingen.
Educación emprendedora y metodologías activas para su fomento
Authors: Paños Castro Jessica 
Published: September 2017

<p>El emprendimiento no solo se refiere a la creación de nuevas empresas y/o negocios. Hoy en día a su vez es entendida como una competencia que engloba un conjunto de habilidades y destrezas como son la creatividad, el liderazgo, el trabajo en equipo, la innovación, la toma de decisiones…; todas ellas demandadas en el ámbito personal, social y profesional. Las instituciones educativas deberían promover está competencia al verse contemplada en las leyes educativas (Ley 2/2006; Ley 8/2013) y planes de estudios universitarios. Ahora bien, ¿qué metodologías se deberían emplear para desarrollar está competencia?, ¿En qué consisten? y ¿qué competencias fomenta cada una de ellas? El objetivo de este artículo es responder a estos interrogantes realizando una revisión bibliográfica de los últimos artículos publicados, pero antes se hace un recorrido por el término emprendimiento para a continuación señalar las habilidades y destrezas que engloba esta competencia, y el objetivo de la educación emprendedora. </p>
Rivalitas Cina dan Jepang dalam Institusi Regional Asia Timur
Authors: Veronica Nuri Widiastuti 
Published: September 2017

East Asia has been widely known as the arena for geopolitical contestation between the great players and has been called as 'the grand chessboard' for geopolitical struggles, especially for the two regional powers, Japan and China. These two powers possess huge potentials to become the driving actors for the formation of regional mechanisms in East Asia, such as East Asian Community (EAC) dan China-ASEAN Free Trade Area. Economic cooperation between China and Japan in some regional forums brings hopes to end the long-term tensions and prospects for reconciliation among them. However, the interdependence between them does not simultaneously change the influence contestation and competition, especially for these past decades. This paper will try to answer a question about the form of competition between Japan and China in the context of regional institution in East Asia. By using theoretical approach of rivalry on interdependency, this paper try to analyze the roles of the two great powers in multilateral forums in East Asia, how those roles reflect their competition and what obstacles are heading their ways to be the "leader" in East Asia regional forums.
Hybrid Simulations of Positively and Negatively Charged Pickup Ions and Cyclotron Wave Generation at Europa
Authors: Desai R. T. , Cowee M. M. , Wei H. , Fu X. , Gary S. P. , Volwerk M. , Coates A. J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn the vicinity of Europa, Galileo observed bursty Alfvén‐cyclotron wave power at the gyrofrequencies of a number of species including K+, O
, Na+, and Cl+, indicating the localized pickup of these species. Additional evidence for the presence of chlorine was the occurrence of both left‐hand (LH) and right‐hand (RH) polarized transverse wave power near the Cl+ gyrofrequency, thought to be due to the pickup of both Cl+ and the easily formed chlorine anion, Cl−. To test this hypothesis, we use one‐dimensional hybrid (kinetic ion, massless fluid electron) simulations for both positive and negative pickup ions and self‐consistently reproduce the growth of both LH and RH Alfvén‐cyclotron waves in agreement with linear theory. We show how the simultaneous generation of LH and RH waves can result in nongyrotropic ion distributions and increased wave amplitudes, and how even trace quantities of negative pickup ions are able to generate an observable RH signal. Through comparing simulated and observed wave amplitudes, we are able to place the first constraints on the densities of Chlorine pickup ions in localized regions at Europa.
An Unexpected Domino Reaction of β‐Keto Sulfones with Acetylene Ketones Promoted by Base: Facile Synthesis of 3(2H)‐Furanones and Sulfonylbenzenes
Authors: Tong Wei , Li Qian‐Yu , Xu Yan‐Li , Wang Heng‐Shan , Chen Yan‐Yan , Pan Ying‐Ming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn unexpected domino reaction of β‐keto sulfones with acetylene ketones has been developed. The domino reaction of β‐keto sulfones with diynones proceeded smoothly in the presence of 30 mol% K2CO3 without other additives, and afforded the novel 3(2H)‐furanone derivatives. On replacing the diynones with terminal alkyne ketones, the reaction regioselectivity was changed and sulfonylbenzenes were obtained via benzannulation in good yields.magnified image
Chemistry of Peptidoglycan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Life Cycle: An off‐the‐wall Balance of Synthesis and Degradation
Authors: Squeglia Flavia , Ruggiero Alessia , Berisio Rita 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe cell wall envelope of mycobacteria is structurally distinct from that of both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, this cell wall has unique structural features and plays a crucial role in drug resistance and macrophage survival under stress conditions. Peptidoglycan is the major constituent of this cell wall, with an important structural role, giving structural strength, and counteracting the osmotic pressure of the cytoplasm. Synthesis of this complex polymer takes place in three stages that occur at three different locations in the cell, from the cytoplasm to the external side of the cell membrane, where polymerization occurs. A fine balance of peptidoglycan synthesis and degradation is responsible for a plethora of molecular mechanisms which are key to the pathogenicity of M. tuberculosis. Enlargement of mycobacterial cells can occur through the synthesis of new peptidoglycan, autolysis of old peptidoglycan, or a combination of both processes. Here, we discuss the chemical aspects of peptidoglycan synthesis and degradation, in relation to metabolic stages of M. tuberculosis. Going from inside the mycobacterial cytoplasm to outside its membrane, we describe the assembly line of peptidoglycan synthesis and polymerization, and continue with its depolymerization events and their consequences on mycobacterial life and resuscitation from dormancy.
Fish communities in small subtropical reservoirs subject to extensive drawdowns, with focus on the biology of Enteromius paludinosus (Peters, 1852) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
Authors: Nhiwatiwa Tamuka , Maseko Zolile , Dalu Tatenda 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSmall reservoirs are characterised by extreme fluctuations in water levels, but how this affects fish communities is not well understood. The aim of the study was to investigate fish communities in two small reservoirs which experience large water level fluctuations over two study years, wet and dry. Six fish species were caught in both reservoirs during the sampling period. The numerically dominant fish species was Enteromius paludinosus in both reservoirs, with Clarias gariepinus contributing the high overall fish biomass. The cyprinids Enteromius lineomaculatus and Enteromius trimaculatus occurred in small numbers, as well as the cichlids Oreochromis mossambicus and Tilapia sparrmanii. Using GLMM, the abundance of both C. gariepinus and E. paludinosus across the two reservoirs was found to be significantly associated with total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen. C. gariepinus abundances were also associated with water transparency and reactive phosphorus whilst E. paludinosus abundances were associated with ammonia, alkalinity, total dissolved solutes and water depth. E. paludinosus bred mostly during the rainy year. Fish migrations and spawning events were largely triggered by rainfall. Differences between the fish populations in the two reservoirs were small based on fisheries metrics due to the biological attributes of the dominant species, E. paludinosus and C. gariepinus. The shallowness and frequent water level fluctuations in small reservoirs possibly do not allow for specialised habitats to develop, which could lead to high fish species diversity. Their suitability for small‐scale fisheries has to be reconsidered as the demand for water for irrigation far outweighs that of the fishery.