bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laryngeal motility alteration: A missing link between sleep apnea and vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy
Authors: Zambrelli Elena , Saibene Alberto M. , Furia Francesca , Chiesa Valentina , Vignoli Aglaia , Pipolo Carlotta , Felisati Giovanni , Canevini Maria Paola 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and the relationship of sleep breathing disorders (SBDs) and laryngeal motility alterations in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy after vagus nerve stimulator (VNS) implantation. Twenty‐three consecutive patients with medically refractory epilepsy underwent out‐of‐center sleep testing before and after VNS implantation. Eighteen eligible subjects underwent endoscopic laryngeal examination post‐VNS implantation. Statistical analysis was carried out to assess an association between laryngeal motility alterations and the onset/worsening of SBDs. After VNS implantation, 11 patients showed a new‐onset mild/moderate SBD. Half of the patients already affected by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) showed worsening of SBD. All of the patients with a new‐onset OSA had a laryngeal pattern with left vocal cord adduction (LVCA) during VNS stimulation. The association between VNS‐induced LVCA and SBD was statistically significant. This study suggests an association between VNS and SBD, hinting to a pivotal role of laryngeal motility alterations. The relationship between SBD and VNS‐induced LVCA supports the need to routinely investigate sleep respiratory and laryngeal motility patterns before and after VNS implantation.
Are self‐etch adhesive systems effective in the retention of occlusal sealants? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Botton Graziela , Morgental Caroline Sonego , Scherer Maitê Munhoz , Lenzi Tathiane Larissa , Montagner Anelise Fernandes , Rocha Rachel de Oliveira 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundOcclusal sealants are an effective method for caries prevention, although the effectiveness of different application strategies has not been established yet.AimThis systematic review compared the retention rate of sealants placed on occlusal surfaces following the use of self‐etch adhesive systems and traditional acid etching, with or without the application of adhesive system.DesignLiterature searching was carried out until June 2015 in PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials databases selecting randomized clinical trials that evaluated self‐etch adhesive systems associated with pit and fissure sealants in primary or permanent molars comprising retention as outcome. From 683 potentially eligible studies, 10 were selected for full‐text analysis and 5 were included in the meta‐analysis. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the bias risk. Pooled‐effect estimates were obtained by comparing the retention failure rate between groups (self‐etch systems vs acid etching with or without adhesive systems).ResultsSignificant difference was found between groups, favoring the control group (prior acid etching) (P < 0.05), which showed lower failure rate in the retention of occlusal sealants. High heterogeneity was found on the meta‐analysis. Most trials showed good evidence strength.ConclusionsOcclusal sealants applied with self‐etch systems show lower retention throughout time than sealants applied in the conventional approach, regardless of the use of adhesive systems.
Use of a fluorescence‐based camera for monitoring occlusal surfaces of primary and permanent teeth
Authors: Jablonski‐Momeni Anahita , Heinzel‐Gutenbrunner Monika , Vill Gabriel 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundSound teeth and incipient lesions require regular monitoring to detect possible progression of caries early on.AimTo evaluate the ability of the VistaProof (VP) fluorescence‐based camera for monitoring occlusal surfaces.DesignA total of 419 posterior teeth (205 primary molars, 145 permanent molars, and 69 premolars) of 35 patients were examined (average age: 9.1 years). The occlusal surfaces were classified visually according to the criteria of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). VP measurements were performed at baseline (t1), and the examinations were repeated after six (t2) and twelve month (t3). Correlation between methods was calculated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs). Wilcoxon test was used to monitor whether VP identified changes as well as ICDAS (α = 0.05).ResultsCorrelations between ICDAS and VP were significantly positive (rs: 0.66–0.73, P < 0.001). No significant differences were found between all times for the ICDAS findings. Significant differences for the VP were ascertained for t1/t2 (P = 0.03). Results based on cluster randomization showed significant differences between ICDAS and VistaProof concerning the absence/presence of changes in the finding (P < 0.0005).ConclusionCorrelation between ICDAS and VP was strong. The VP supported the findings of visual examination for monitoring occlusal surfaces, although not all changes could be detected with respect to the visual findings.
Assessment of potential public health impact of a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine inThailand
Authors: Kittikraisak Wanitchaya , Chittaganpitch Malinee , Gregory Christopher J. , Laosiritaworn Yongjua , Thantithaveewat Thanawadee , Dawood Fatimah S. , Lindblade Kim A. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundEach year, an influenza B strain representing only one influenza B lineage is included in the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3); a mismatch between the selected lineage and circulating viruses can result in suboptimal vaccine effectiveness. We modeled the added potential public health impact of a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4) that includes strains from both influenza B lineages compared toIIV3 on influenza‐associated morbidity and mortality in Thailand.MethodsUsing data on the incidence of influenza‐associated hospitalizations and deaths, vaccine effectiveness, and vaccine coverage from the 2007–2012 influenza seasons in Thailand, we estimated rates of influenza‐associated outcomes that might be averted usingIIV4 instead ofIIV3. We then applied these rates to national population estimates to calculate averted illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths for each season. We assumed that the influenza B lineage included inIIV3 would provide a relative vaccine effectiveness of 75% against the other B lineage.ResultsCompared to use ofIIV3, use ofIIV4 might have led to an additional reduction ranging from 0·4 to 14·3 influenza‐associated illnesses per 100 000 population/year, <0·1 to 0·5 hospitalizations per 100 000/year, and <0·1 to 0·4 deaths per 1000/year. Based on extrapolation to national population estimates, replacement ofIIV3 withIIV4 might have averted an additional 267–9784 influenza‐associated illnesses, 9–320 hospitalizations, and 0–3 deaths.ConclusionCompared to use ofIIV3,IIV4 has the potential to further reduce the burden of influenza‐associated morbidity and mortality in Thailand.
MAIT cells are activated and accumulated in the inflamed mucosa of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Haga Keiichi , Chiba Asako , Shibuya Tomoyoshi , Osada Taro , Ishikawa Dai , Kodani Tomohiro , Nomura Osamu , Watanabe Sumio , Miyake Sachiko 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground and Aim:Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing and remitting, inflammatory disorder of the large intestine. Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a member of innate‐like lymphocytes found abundantly in the mucosal tissue. The contribution of MAIT cells in the pathogenesis of UC is still unclear; therefore, this study aimed at investigating the role of these cells in patients with UC.Methods:The frequency of MAIT cells, as well as the production of cytokines and expression levels of activation markers by these cells in the peripheral blood of UC patients and healthy controls, was analyzed by flow cytometry. MAIT cells were also quantified in colon biopsies of UC patients using a confocal microscope.Results:There was a significant reduction in MAIT cell frequency in the peripheral blood of UC patients compared with healthy controls (P < 0.0001). MAIT cells from UC patients secreted more interleukin (IL)‐17 than healthy controls (P < 0.05). The expression levels of CD69 on these cells were correlated with disease activity and endoscopic scores and plasma levels of IL‐18. Furthermore, MAIT cells increased in the inflamed mucosa, and their frequency was correlated with clinical and endoscopic disease activity in UC patients.Conclusions:The findings from this study indicate that MAIT cells could be associated with UC and may serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets in UC.
Pain management in photoepilation
Authors: Aimonetti Jean‐Marc , Ribot‐Ciscar Edith 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe hair follicle is a complex, hormonally active structure with permanent and cyclically renewed parts which are highly innervated by myelinated and unmyelinated afferent fibers. Hair removal, a very ancient practice, affects this sensory network and causes both acute and diffuse pain associated with inflammatory reaction. Optic permanent hair removal is becoming a popular alternative to traditional methods such as shaving, waxing, among other methods. These optical removal devices thermally destroy the target chromophore, that is, melanin, without damaging the surrounding skin. The increase in the skin surface temperature causes mild‐to‐severe pain, and optical hair removal has to be combined with pain relieving devices. Pain management relies on topical anesthetic agents, cooling devices, or non‐noxious cutaneous stimulation whose mechanisms of action and efficiency are discussed in this article.
The effects of polymer carrier, hot melt extrusion process and downstream processing parameters on the moisture sorption properties of amorphous solid dispersions
Authors: Feng Xin , Vo Anh , Patil Hemlata , Tiwari Roshan V , Alshetaili Abdullah S , Pimparade Manjeet B , Repka Michael A 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polymer carrier, hot melt extrusion and downstream processing parameters on the water uptake properties of amorphous solid dispersions.

Methods
Three polymers and a model drug were used to prepare amorphous solid dispersions utilizing the hot melt extrusion technology. The sorption–desorption isotherms of solid dispersions and their physical mixtures were measured by the dynamic vapour sorption system, and the effects of polymer hydrophobicity, hygroscopicity, molecular weight and the hot melt extrusion process were investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging was performed to understand the phase separation driven by the moisture.

Key findings
Solid dispersions with polymeric carriers with lower hydrophilicity, hygroscopicity and higher molecular weight could sorb less moisture under the high relative humidity (RH) conditions. The water uptake ability of polymer–drug solid dispersion systems were decreased compared with the physical mixture after hot melt extrusion, which might be due to the decreased surface area and porosity. The FTIR imaging indicated that the homogeneity of the drug molecularly dispersed within the polymer matrix was changed after exposure to high RH.

Conclusion
Understanding the effect of formulation and processing on the moisture sorption properties of solid dispersions is essential for the development of drug products with desired physical and chemical stability.
Uricosuric agents decrease the plasma urate level in rats by concomitant treatment with topiroxostat, a novel xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor
Authors: Taniguchi Tetsuya , Ashizawa Naoki , Matsumoto Koji , Iwanaga Takashi , Saitoh Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to establish the rat model for evaluating hypouricemic effects by some uricosuric agents.

Methods
Rats were made hyperuricemic by subcutaneous administration of potassium oxonate, a uricase inhibitor, or made hypouricemic by oral administration of topiroxostat, a xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor. Furthermore, rats were co-treated with topiroxostat and inosine, a urate precursor. In each condition, hypouricemic effects by uricosuric agents were examined.

Key findings
In potassium oxonate-treated rats, treatment with uricosuric agents such as FYU-981, F12859 and probenecid showed no hypouricemic effect. On the other hand, in topiroxostat-treated rats, uricosuric agents remarkably lowered plasma urate level compared with topiroxostat treatment alone, with a dose dependency of 30 and 100 mg/kg for FYU-981 and F12859 each. The decrease in the plasma urate level observed in the topiroxostat-treated rats disappeared by further co-treatment with inosine.

Conclusions
Effects of uricosuric agents on the plasma urate level in rats were sensitive to the rate of urate formation. Induction of slower urate formation by topiroxostat provides valuable model for evaluation of hypouricemic effects by uricosuric agents in rats.
The role of marine reserves in the replenishment of a locally impacted population of anemonefish on the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Bonin Mary C. , Harrison Hugo B. , Williamson David H. , Frisch Ashley J. , Saenz‐Agudelo Pablo , Berumen Michael L. , Jones Geoffrey P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe development of parentage analysis to track the dispersal of juvenile offspring has given us unprecedented insight into the population dynamics of coral reef fishes. These tools now have the potential to inform fisheries management and species conservation, particularly for small fragmented populations under threat from exploitation and disturbance. In this study, we resolve patterns of larval dispersal for a population of the anemonefish Amphiprion melanopus in the Keppel Islands (southern Great Barrier Reef). Habitat loss and fishing appear to have impacted this population and a network of no‐take marine reserves currently protects 75% of the potential breeders. Using parentage analysis, we estimate that 21% of recruitment in the island group was generated locally and that breeding adults living in reserves were responsible for 79% (31 of 39) of these of locally produced juveniles. Overall, the network of reserves was fully connected via larval dispersal; however, one reserve was identified as a critical source of larvae for the island group. The population in the Keppel Islands also appears to be well‐connected to other source populations at least 60 km away, given that 79% (145 of 184) of the juveniles sampled remained unassigned in the parentage analysis. We estimated the effective size of the A. melanopus metapopulation to be 745 (582–993 95% CI) and recommend continued monitoring of its genetic status. Maintaining connectivity with populations beyond the Keppel Islands and recovery of local recruitment habitat, potentially through active restoration of host anemone populations, will be important for its long‐term persistence.
Robust Inference in Sample Selection Models
Authors: Zhelonkin Mikhail , Genton Marc G. , Ronchetti Elvezio 
Published: November 2015

Summary
The problem of non-random sample selectivity often occurs in practice in many fields. The classical estimators introduced by Heckman are the backbone of the standard statistical analysis of these models. However, these estimators are very sensitive to small deviations from the distributional assumptions which are often not satisfied in practice. We develop a general framework to study the robustness properties of estimators and tests in sample selection models. We derive the influence function and the change-of-variance function of Heckman's two-stage estimator, and we demonstrate the non-robustness of this estimator and its estimated variance to small deviations from the model assumed. We propose a procedure for robustifying the estimator, prove its asymptotic normality and give its asymptotic variance. Both cases with and without an exclusion restriction are covered. This allows us to construct a simple robust alternative to the sample selection bias test. We illustrate the use of our new methodology in an analysis of ambulatory expenditures and we compare the performance of the classical and robust methods in a Monte Carlo simulation study.
The wheat TaGBF1 gene is involved in the blue‐light response and salt tolerance
Authors: Sun Yang , Xu Wei , Jia Yuebin , Wang Mengcheng , Xia Guangmin 
Published: November 2015

SummaryLight and abiotic stress both strongly modulate plant growth and development. However, the effect of light‐responsive factors on growth and abiotic stress responses in wheat (Triticum aestivum) is unknown. G–box binding factors (GBFs) are blue light‐specific components, but their function in abiotic stress responses has not been studied. Here we identified a wheat GBF1 gene that mediated both the blue light‐ and abiotic stress‐responsive signaling pathways. TaGBF1 was inducible by blue light, salt and exposure to abscisic acid (ABA). TaGBF1 interacted with a G–box light‐responsive element in vitro and promoted a blue‐light response in wheat and Aradidopsis thaliana. Both TaGBF1 over‐expression in wheat and its heterologous expression in A. thaliana heighten sensitivity to salinity and ABA, but its knockdown in wheat conferred resistance to high salinity and ABA. The expression of AtABI5, a key component of the ABA signaling pathway in A. thaliana, and its homolog Wabi5 in wheat was increased by transgenic expression of TaGBF1. The hypersensitivity to salt and ABA caused by TaGBF1 was not observed in the abi5 mutant background, showing that ABI5 is the mediator in TaGBF1‐induced abiotic stress responses. However, the hypersensitivity to salt conferred by TaGBF1 is not dependent on light. This suggests that TaGBF1 is a common component of blue light‐ and abiotic stress‐responsive signaling pathways.
Thromboembolic outcomes after use of a four‐factor prothrombin complex concentrate for vitamin K antagonist reversal in a real‐world setting
Authors: Joseph Ranjit , Burner James , Yates Sean , Strickland Amanda , Tharpe William , Sarode Ravi 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDA four‐factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F‐PCC) was recently licensed in the United States for urgent vitamin K antagonist (VKA) reversal based on two randomized clinical trials. These studies excluded patients at high risk of thrombosis; therefore, the risk of thrombotic complications in unselected patients remains a concern.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis study retrospectively evaluated the incidence of thromboembolic events (TEEs) and death in patients who received 4F‐PCC for VKA reversal. The study included 113 consecutive patients who were 18 years of age and older and were administered 4F‐PCC for VKA reversal. The incidence of TEE and deaths was evaluated for up to 60 days after PCC administration or until the end of hospitalization, whichever came later.RESULTSSeven (6.2%) patients developed TEEs and 17 (15%) patients died. PCC administration was probably related to TEE and subsequent death in two (1.8%) patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that a diagnosis of Factor V Leiden or antiphospholipid syndrome was predictive of TEE, and active malignancy was predictive of death.CONCLUSIONThis study supports the safety of 4F‐PCC for urgent VKA reversal even in unselected patients. The underlying type of hypercoagulable state and the dose of PCC may influence the incidence of TEE.
Designing a sampling scheme to reveal correlations between weeds and soil properties at multiple spatial scales
Authors: Metcalfe H , Milne A E , Webster R , Lark R M , Murdoch A J , Storkey J 
Published: November 2015

SummaryWeeds tend to aggregate in patches within fields, and there is evidence that this is partly owing to variation in soil properties. Because the processes driving soil heterogeneity operate at various scales, the strength of the relations between soil properties and weed density would also be expected to be scale‐dependent. Quantifying these effects of scale on weed patch dynamics is essential to guide the design of discrete sampling protocols for mapping weed distribution. We developed a general method that uses novel within‐field nested sampling and residual maximum‐likelihood (reml) estimation to explore scale‐dependent relations between weeds and soil properties. We validated the method using a case study of Alopecurus myosuroides in winter wheat. Using reml, we partitioned the variance and covariance into scale‐specific components and estimated the correlations between the weed counts and soil properties at each scale. We used variograms to quantify the spatial structure in the data and to map variables by kriging. Our methodology successfully captured the effect of scale on a number of edaphic drivers of weed patchiness. The overall Pearson correlations between A. myosuroides and soil organic matter and clay content were weak and masked the stronger correlations at >50 m. Knowing how the variance was partitioned across the spatial scales, we optimised the sampling design to focus sampling effort at those scales that contributed most to the total variance. The methods have the potential to guide patch spraying of weeds by identifying areas of the field that are vulnerable to weed establishment.
Isolation of Polyvalent Bacteriophages by Sequential Multiple-Host Approaches
Authors: Yu Pingfeng , Mathieu Jacques , Li Mengyan , Dai Zhaoyi , Alvarez Pedro J. J. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTMany studies on phage biology are based on isolation methods that may inadvertently select for narrow-host-range phages. Consequently, broad-host-range phages, whose ecological significance is largely unexplored, are consistently overlooked. To enhance research on such polyvalent phages, we developed two sequential multihost isolation methods and tested both culture-dependent and culture-independent phage libraries for broad infectivity. Lytic phages isolated from activated sludge were capable of interspecies or even interorder infectivity without a significant reduction in the efficiency of plating (0.45 to 1.15). Two polyvalent phages (PX1 of thePodoviridaefamily and PEf1 of theSiphoviridaefamily) were characterized in terms of adsorption rate (3.54 × 10−10to 8.53 × 10−10ml/min), latent time (40 to 55 min), and burst size (45 to 99 PFU/cell), using different hosts. These phages were enriched with a nonpathogenic host (Pseudomonas putidaF1 orEscherichia coliK-12) and subsequently used to infect model problematic bacteria. By using a multiplicity of infection of 10 in bacterial challenge tests, >60% lethality was observed forPseudomonas aeruginosarelative to uninfected controls. The corresponding lethality forPseudomonas syringaewas ∼50%. Overall, this work suggests that polyvalent phages may be readily isolated from the environment by using different sequential hosts, and this approach should facilitate the study of their ecological significance as well as enable novel applications.