bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of endocrinopathies in children with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Alhomaidah Doha , Alsagheir Afaf , Al-Mayouf Sulaiman M. 
Published: May 2016

Background and objectives:
To examine the frequency of endocrinopathies in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Design and setting:
A cross-sectional study.

Patients and methods:
A study was conducted in Saudi children with SLE and JIA who were seen at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, between September 2013 and April 2015. All enrolled patients completed the clinical evaluation, which included information about family history of autoimmune disease, growth parameters and tanner stage, as well as the following assessments: vitamin D profile (parathyroid hormone and 25-OH vitamin D levels), TSH, FT4 and total T3, thyroglobulin antibodies, thyroperoxidase antibodies, random blood sugar, HbA1C, IGF1, IGFBp.3, LH, and FSH.

Results:
A total of 42 patients, 22 with JIA and 20 with SLE, were included in the study. The mean participant age was 12.2 ± 5.3 years with a mean disease duration of 3.2 ± 3.4 years. Female gender was predominant (17 SLE, 13 JIA) in the patient population. Fifteen patients (35.7%) presented with a family history of autoimmune disease. The most frequently detected endocrinopathies were vitamin D insufficiency (35%) and thyroid disease (31%). Eight JIA patients and 7 SLE patients exhibited low vitamin D levels; 10 patients presented with hyperpara-thyroidism. Thyroid dysfunction was observed in 13 patients (8 SLE, 5 JIA), and 2 patients were found to be euthyroid (normal TSH, FT4) with positive thyroid autoantibodies. Furthermore, 7 patients presented with subclinical hypothyroidism (high TSH, normal FT4), and 4 patients presented with overt hypothyroidism (high TSH, low FT4). Seven patients (4 SLE and 3 JIA) presented with short stature due to growth hormone insufficiency (low IGF1, IGFBP-3). Two patients exhibited delayed puberty accompanied by low LH levels. Diabetes mellitus was more frequently observed in patients with JIA (4 patients) than in patients with SLE (1 patient). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that coexistence of endocrinopathies is not uncommon in children diagnosed with JIA and SLE. Abnormal thyroid function occurs frequently and at a similar rate in children diagnosed with SLE and JIA. Thus, screening for endocrinopathies, namely thyroid disease, during the assessment of childhood SLE and JIA is worth consideration.
The Compensatory Consumer Behavior Model: How self‐discrepancies drive consumer behavior
Authors: Mandel Naomi , Rucker Derek D. , Levav Jonathan , Galinsky Adam D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractConsumer goods and services have psychological value that can equal or exceed their functional value. A burgeoning literature demonstrates that one source of value emerges from the capacity for products to serve as a psychological salve that reduces various forms of distress across numerous domains. This review systematically organizes and integrates the literature on the use of consumer behavior as a means to regulate self‐discrepancies, or the incongruities between how one currently perceives oneself and how one desires to view oneself (Higgins, 1987). We introduce a Compensatory Consumer Behavior Model to explain the psychological consequences of self‐discrepancies on consumer behavior. This model delineates five distinct strategies by which consumers cope with self‐discrepancies: direct resolution, symbolic self‐completion, dissociation, escapism, and fluid compensation. Finally, the authors raise critical questions to guide future research endeavors. Overall, the present review provides both a primer on compensatory consumer behavior and sets an agenda for future research.
Fleet management policies for humanitarian organizations: Beyond the utilization–residual value trade‐off
Authors: Eftekhar Mahyar , Van Wassenhove Luk N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFour‐wheel drive vehicles play a pivotal role in securing the last‐mile distribution of goods and services in humanitarian development programs. To optimize the use of their fleets, humanitarian organizations recommend policies aimed at enhancing the utilization of vehicles while preserving residual value. Although these decisions have a significant impact on cost, there is limited empirical evidence to show that the recommended policies are actually implemented and that they produce the expected benefits. This paper theoretically and empirically examines the complex and inter‐related effects of vehicle‐to‐mission allocation decisions and of alternative vehicle usage patterns on vehicle utilization and residual value in humanitarian development programs. The results suggest that humanitarian organizations could break the utilization–residual value trade‐off by adopting different policies than the ones currently in place. They also reveal that organizations need to realize that what seems logical from the headquarters' perspective may be illogical or inconvenient for the field, and as a result, the field may do the opposite of what is recommended or even instructed. Therefore, they either need better data and analysis combined with audits or they need to improve mechanisms that incentivize field delegations to follow standards recommended by the headquarters.
Health-Related Education for Sustainability: Public Health Workforce Needs and the Role of Higher Education
Authors: Patrick Rebecca , Kingsley Jonathan , Capetola Teresa 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPublic health practitioners have important roles to play in addressing environmental sustainability imperatives that have an impact on human health. Yet, to date, the extent to which practitioners are willing and able to address these issues is an understudied subject. This article draws on the findings of two qualitative studies involving 49 interviews with public health and/or sustainability practitioners and academics from Australia to highlight the capacity-building needs of the sector within the ‘health and sustainability’ space. The findings of this study raise several issues for workforce development and partnership building, contending that content on environmental sustainability should be integrated into all university courses. Underscoring gaps and opportunities, the article also reflects themes in the literature in relation to health-related education for sustainability; in particular, requirements for generic and transferable professional competencies and the role of universities in knowledge exchange and creation.
Pervasive near-surface stratal disruption in an accretionary prism setting: Kaczawa Complex, SW Poland
Authors: KOSTYLEW JOANNA , ZALASIEWICZ JAN A. , KRYZA RYSZARD 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe tectonized and metamorphosed mudrocks within the Variscan accretionary prism of the Kaczawa Mountains in SW Poland comprise sedimentary mélanges together with more coherent stratigraphic units; some represent large olistoliths deposited in a submarine trench. We infer a trend of progressive near-surface stratal disruption in mud-dominated deposits due to dewatering that forms a continuum with subduction-related tectonic structures imposed on unconsolidated sediment during deeper burial. The assemblage of characters suggests that an accretionary prism environment can influence, and leave characteristic traces of, the total burial history of a trench succession.
Iron acquisition inLeishmaniaand its crucial role in infection
Authors: NIU QINWANG , LI SHIHONG , CHEN DALI , CHEN QIWEI , CHEN JIANPING 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYIron is an essential cofactor for many basic metabolic pathways in pathogenic microbes and their hosts. It is also dangerous as it can catalyse the production of reactive free radicals. This dual character makes the host can either limit iron availability to invading microbes or exploit iron to induce toxicity to pathogens. Successful pathogens, includingLeishmaniaspecies, must possess mechanisms to circumvent host's iron limitation and iron-induced toxicity in order to survive. In this review, we discuss the regulation of iron metabolism in the setting of infection and delineate the iron acquisition strategies used byLeishmaniaparasites and their subversions to host iron metabolism to overcome host's iron-related defences.
Parasitic infection alters the physiological response of a marine gastropod to ocean acidification
Authors: MACLEOD C. D. , POULIN R. 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYIncreased hydrogen ion concentration and decreased carbonate ion concentration in seawater are the most physiologically relevant consequences of ocean acidification (OA). Changes to either chemical species may increase the metabolic cost of physiological processes in marine organisms, and reduce the energy available for growth, reproduction and survival. Parasitic infection also increases the energetic demands experienced by marine organisms, and may reduce host tolerance to stressors associated with OA. This study assessed the combined metabolic effects of parasitic infection and OA on an intertidal gastropod,Zeacumantus subcarinatus. Oxygen consumption rates and tissue glucose content were recorded in snails infected with one of three trematode parasites, and an uninfected control group, maintained in acidified (7·6 and 7·4 pH) or unmodified (8·1 pH) seawater. Exposure to acidified seawater significantly altered the oxygen consumption rates and tissue glucose content of infected and uninfected snails, and there were clear differences in the magnitude of these changes between snails infected with different species of trematode. These results indicate that the combined effects of OA and parasitic infection significantly alter the energy requirements ofZ. subcarinatus, and that the species of the infecting parasite may play an important role in determining the tolerance of marine gastropods to OA.
Geneva's philanthropists around 1900: a field made of distinctive but interconnected social groups
Authors: DAVID THOMAS , HEINIGER ALIX , BÜHLMANN FELIX 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the social profile of Geneva's philanthropists around 1900. It shows that, contrary to what the literature on philanthropy argues, philanthropists belonged to varied social groups defined by diverse forms of capital (economic, social and cultural) and were involved in philanthropic activities related to their social status. Together, those philanthropists formed a social field. They were connected to each other and even needed to collaborate on specific issues. The article argues that interconnections between actors reinforced their social position. By examining this field through both quantitative and qualitative methods, the article highlights relationships and ties between actors and shows how they collaborated on the basis of commonly held principles.
Staffing in Ontario’s Long-Term Care Homes: Differences by Profit Status and Chain Ownership
Authors: Hsu Amy T. , Berta Whitney , Coyte Peter C. , Laporte Audrey 
Published: May 2016

RÉSUMÉL’Ontario compte la plus forte proportion des maisons de soins infirmiers à but lucratif au Canada. Ces maisons de soins infirmiers, connus en Ontario comme maisons de soins de longue durée (SLD), offrent 24 heures de soins de garde et de soins infirmiers aux personnes qui sont incapables de vivre de façon autonome. De plus en plus, ces installations fonctionnent aussi comme membres de chaînes de multi-établissements, mais elles n’ont pas été largement étudiées au Canada. En utilisant des données longitudinales (1996–2011) de l’Enquête sur les établissements de soins résidentiels (n =627), notre analyse a révélé des différences perceptibles dans les niveaux du personnel selon le statut de profit et de l’affiliation aux chaînes. Nous avons trouvé que les maisons SLD à but lucratif – en particulier celles appartenant à une chaîne – ont fournies significativement moins d’heures de soins, après l’ajustement des variations de la nécessité des soins pour les résidents. Les résultats de cette étude offrent des nouveaux renseignements sur l’impact de la structure organisationnelle sur les niveaux de personnel dans les foyers de SLD de l’Ontario, et ont des implications pour d’autres juridictions où la présence de plus en plus d’opérateurs privés affiliés à des chaînes a été observée.
Morphology of gametes, post-fertilization events and the effect of temperature on the embryonic development ofAstyanax altiparanae(Teleostei, Characidae)
Authors: dos Santos Matheus Pereira , Yasui George Shigueki , Xavier Pedro Luiz Porfírio , de Macedo Adamov Nadya Soares , do Nascimento Nivaldo Ferreira , Fujimoto Takafumi , Senhorini José Augusto , Nakaghi Laura Satiko Okada 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to describe the morphology of gametes, post-fertilization events and subsequent temperature effects on the early developmental stages of the neotropical speciesAstyanax altiparanae. The sperm of this species presents a typical morphology of teleost sperm with a spherical head (diameter = 1.88 µm), midpiece (diameter = 0.75 µm) and a single flagellum (length = 18.67 µm). The extrusion of the second polar body and fusion of male and female pronucleus were reported for the first time in this species. Additionally, we observed the formation of the fertilization cone, which prevents polyspermic fertilization. Developmental stages at 22°C, 26°C and 30°C gave rise to fertilization rates at 91.12, 91.42 and 93.04% respectively. Hatching occurred at 25 hpf at 22°C, 16 hpf at 26°C and 11 hpf at 30°C and the hatching rates were 61.78%, 62.90% and 59.45%, respectively. At 22°C, the second polar body was extruded at ≈6 mpf and the male and female pronucleus fused at ≈10 mpf. This fundamental information is important for the field and opens up new possibilities in fish biotechnology, including micromanipulation and chromosome-set manipulation.
Spatial Estimation of Accelerated Stimuli Is Based on a Linear	Extrapolation of First-Order Information
Authors: Bennett Simon J. , Benguigui Nicolas 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. We examined spatial estimation of accelerating objects (−8, −4, 0, +4, or +8 deg/s2) during occlusion (600, 1,000 ms) in a spatial prediction motion task. Multiple logistic regression indicated spatial estimation was influenced by these factors such that participants estimated objects with positive acceleration to reappear behind less often than those with negative acceleration, and particularly after the longer occlusion. Individual-participant logistic regressions indicated spatial estimation was better predicted by a first-order extrapolation of the occluded object motion based on pre-occlusion velocity rather than a second-order extrapolation that took account of object acceleration. We suggest a general principle of extrapolation is involved in prediction motion tasks whereby there is a contraction of the variable of interest (i.e., displacement in spatial prediction motion and time in temporal prediction motion). Such an approach to extrapolation could be advantageous as it would offer participants better opportunity to correct for an initial estimation error.
klf2a couples mechanotransduction and zebrafish valve morphogenesis through fibronectin synthesis
Authors: Steed Emily , Faggianelli Nathalie , Roth Stéphane , Ramspacher Caroline , Concordet Jean-Paul , Vermot Julien 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe heartbeat and blood flow signal to endocardial cell progenitors through mechanosensitive proteins that modulate the genetic program controlling heart valve morphogenesis. To date, the mechanism by which mechanical forces coordinate tissue morphogenesis is poorly understood. Here we use high-resolution imaging to uncover the coordinated cell behaviours leading to heart valve formation. We find that heart valves originate from progenitors located in the ventricle and atrium that generate the valve leaflets through a coordinated set of endocardial tissue movements. Gene profiling analyses and live imaging reveal that this reorganization is dependent on extracellular matrix proteins, in particular on the expression offibronectin1b. We show that blood flow andklf2a, a major endocardial flow-responsive gene, control these cell behaviours andfibronectin1bsynthesis. Our results uncover a unique multicellular layering process leading to leaflet formation and demonstrate that endocardial mechanotransduction and valve morphogenesis are coupled via cellular rearrangements mediated by fibronectin synthesis.
Stepwise phosphorylation of p65 promotes NF-κB activation and NK cell responses during target cell recognition
Authors: Kwon Hyung-Joon , Choi Go-Eun , Ryu Sangryeol , Kwon Soon Jae , Kim Sun Chang , Booth Claire , Nichols Kim E. , Kim Hun Sik 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNF-κB is a key transcription factor that dictates the outcome of diverse immune responses. How NF-κB is regulated by multiple activating receptors that are engaged during natural killer (NK)-target cell contact remains undefined. Here we show that sole engagement of NKG2D, 2B4 or DNAM-1 is insufficient for NF-κB activation. Rather, cooperation between these receptors is required at the level of Vav1 for synergistic NF-κB activation. Vav1-dependent synergistic signalling requires a separate PI3K-Akt signal, primarily mediated by NKG2D or DNAM-1, for optimal p65 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. Vav1 controls downstream p65 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. Synergistic signalling is defective in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP1) NK cells entailing 2B4 dysfunction and required for p65 phosphorylation by PI3K-Akt signal, suggesting stepwise signalling checkpoint for NF-κB activation. Thus, our study provides a framework explaining how signals from different activating receptors are coordinated to determine specificity and magnitude of NF-κB activation and NK cell responses.
Plastic anisotropy and dislocation trajectory in BCC metals
Authors: Dezerald Lucile , Rodney David , Clouet Emmanuel , Ventelon Lisa , Willaime François 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPlasticity in body-centred cubic (BCC) metals at low temperatures is atypical, marked in particular by an anisotropic elastic limit in clear violation of the famous Schmid law applicable to most other metals. This effect is known to originate from the behaviour of the screw dislocations; however, the underlying physics has so far remained insufficiently understood to predict plastic anisotropy without adjustable parameters. Here we show that deviations from the Schmid law can be quantified from the deviations of the screw dislocation trajectory away from a straight path between equilibrium configurations, a consequence of the asymmetrical and metal-dependent potential energy landscape of the dislocation. We propose a modified parameter-free Schmid law, based on a projection of the applied stress on the curved trajectory, which compares well with experimental variations and first-principles calculations of the dislocation Peierls stress as a function of crystal orientation.
CRISPR-dCas9 and sgRNA scaffolds enable dual-colour live imaging of satellite sequences and repeat-enriched individual loci
Authors: Fu Yi , Rocha Pedro P. , Luo Vincent M. , Raviram Ramya , Deng Yan , Mazzoni Esteban O. , Skok Jane A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractImaging systems that allow visualization of specific loci and nuclear structures are highly relevant for investigating how organizational changes within the nucleus play a role in regulating gene expression and other cellular processes. Here we present a live imaging system for targeted detection of genomic regions. Our approach involves generating chimaeric transcripts of viral RNAs (MS2 and PP7) and single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs), which when co-expressed with a cleavage-deficient Cas9 can recruit fluorescently tagged viral RNA-binding proteins (MCP and PCP) to specific genomic sites. This allows for rapid, stable, low-background visualization of target loci. We demonstrate the efficiency and flexibility of our method by simultaneously labelling major and minor satellite regions as well as two individual loci on mouse chromosome 12. This system provides a tool for dual-colour labelling, which is important for tracking the dynamics of chromatin interactions and for validating epigenetic processes identified in fixed cells.
NFATc1 supports imiquimod-induced skin inflammation by suppressing IL-10 synthesis in B cells
Authors: Alrefai Hani , Muhammad Khalid , Rudolf Ronald , Pham Duong Anh Thuy , Klein-Hessling Stefan , Patra Amiya K. , Avots Andris , Bukur Valesca , Sahin Ugur , Tenzer Stefan , Goebeler Matthias , Kerstan Andreas , Serfling Edgar 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEpicutaneous application of Aldara cream containing the TLR7 agonist imiquimod (IMQ) to mice induces skin inflammation that exhibits many aspects of psoriasis, an inflammatory human skin disease. Here we show that mice depleted of B cells or bearing interleukin (IL)-10-deficient B cells show a fulminant inflammation upon IMQ exposure, whereas ablation of NFATc1 in B cells results in a suppression of Aldara-induced inflammation. In vitro, IMQ induces the proliferation and IL-10 expression by B cells that is blocked by BCR signals inducing NFATc1. By binding to HDAC1, a transcriptional repressor, and to an intronic site of the Il10 gene, NFATc1 suppresses IL-10 expression that dampens the production of tumour necrosis factor-α and IL-17 by T cells. These data indicate a close link between NFATc1 and IL-10 expression in B cells and suggest NFATc1 and, in particular, its inducible short isoform, NFATc1/αA, as a potential target to treat human psoriasis.
Tobramycin and bicarbonate synergise to kill planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but antagonise to promote biofilm survival
Authors: Kaushik Karishma S , Stolhandske Jake , Shindell Orrin , Smyth Hugh D , Gordon Vernita D 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIncreasing antibiotic resistance and the declining rate at which new antibiotics come into use create a need to increase the efficacy of existing antibiotics. The aminoglycoside tobramycin is standard-of-care for many types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, including those in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. P. aeruginosa is a nosocomial and opportunistic pathogen that, in planktonic form, causes acute infections and, in biofilm form, causes chronic infections. Inhaled bicarbonate has recently been proposed as a therapy to improve antimicrobial properties of the CF airway surface liquid and viscosity of CF mucus. Here we measure the effect of combining tobramycin and bicarbonate against P. aeruginosa, both lab strains and CF clinical isolates. Bicarbonate synergises with tobramycin to enhance killing of planktonic bacteria. In contrast, bicarbonate antagonises with tobramycin to promote better biofilm growth. This suggests caution when evaluating bicarbonate as a therapy for CF lungs infected with P. aeruginosa biofilms. We analyse tobramycin and bicarbonate interactions using an interpolated surface methodology to measure the dose–response function. These surfaces allow more accurate estimation of combinations yielding synergy and antagonism than do standard isobolograms. By incorporating predictions based on Loewe additivity theory, we can consolidate information on a wide range of combinations that produce a complex dose–response surface, into a single number that measures the net effect. This tool thus allows rapid initial estimation of the potential benefit or harm of a therapeutic combination. Software code is freely made available as a resource for the community.