bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking Molecular Interactions of Biredox Eutectic Electrolyte for Non‐Aqueous Symmetrical Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Peng Chengxin , Li Wanghao , Liu Yue , Cao Yunjie , Niu Zhihui , Luo Jian , Sun Xiaohua , Mao Jianfeng , Min Yulin , Liu T. Leo , Zhao Yu , Dou Shi Xue , Guo Zaiping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBiredox deep‐eutectic solvents (DESs)‐based electrolytes have shown unique features in non‐aqueous asymmetrical redox flow batteries (RFBs) that can potentially mitigate the crossover issue. However, strong intermolecular interactions among the electrolyte constituents in DESs bring in practical challenges such as limited mass transfer rates, slow redox kinetics, and degraded cyclability. Here, by using a novel biredox‐type DES based on 4‐methoxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy (4‐MeO‐TEMPO) and 3,3′‐dimethylazobenzene (3,3′‐Azo) as a model electrolyte system, the intermolecular interaction involving in the biredox DESs is unlocked by first‐principles calculations, and their influence on the electrochemical performance of biredox DESs couples is systematically investigated in comprehensive consideration of the solvents and the supporting salts. It demonstrates that employing tetrabutylammonium bis‐trifluoromethane sulfonimidate‐acetonitrile as the supporting electrolyte synergistically weakens the intermolecular interactions within the DESs, thereby significantly promoting the redox kinetics and electrochemical reversibility in non‐aqueous symmetrical RBFs. With such an optimized electrolyte, a prototype symmetrical cell under static mode is capable of delivering a high output voltage of ∼2.15 V, a decent cyclability, and the exceptional rate capability with a current density of 25 mA cm−2. This study provides a simple yet effective way to develop advanced RFBs with dependable electrolyte regulation.
Artificial Skin Based on Visuo‐Tactile Sensing for 3D Shape Reconstruction: Material, Method, and Evaluation
Authors: Zhang Shixin , Yang Yiyong , Sun Yuhao , Liu Nailong , Sun Fuchun , Fang Bin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArtificial skin has shown great potential in robot perception and human healthcare. It provides multifunctional tactile sensing, including 3D shape reconstruction, contact feedback, and temperature perception, where the 3D reconstruction function is indispensable for dexterous hands in tactile cognition and interaction. Vision‐based tactile sensor (VTS) is an innovative bionic tactile sensor and supports high‐resolution, high‐precision, and high‐density tactile reconstruction compared with electronic tactile sensors. Considering the unique contribution of visuo‐tactile sensing to artificial skin, this review focuses on the 3D reconstruction techniques of the VTS. 3D reconstruction methods are classified into five categories based on sensing modalities, hardware categories, and modeling approaches: 1) photometric stereo, 2) binocular depth calibration, 3) optical flow, 4) deep learning, and 5) ToF (time of flight). In addition, the association and difference of reconstruction methods are analyzed from the hardware perspective, and the development and technological details of 3D reconstruction are summarized. On this basis, the challenges and development direction are discussed. This review can be viewed as a technology guide to provide references for interested researchers. Furthermore, it is expected to promote the extensive application of the VTS in artificial skins.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Nano‐Orchestrators for Precisely Regulated Immunogenic Cell Death as Potent Cancer Vaccines
Authors: Teng Yulu , Yang Zhenzhen , Peng Yiwei , Yang Yiliang , Chen Siyu , Li Jiajia , Gao Datong , Sun Wen , Wu Zinan , Zhou Yanxia , Li Xinru , Qi Xianrong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDying tumor cells regulated by immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers are promising candidates for cancer vaccine development because of their comprehensive antigen spectrum. However, their limited immunogenicity and potential tumorigenicity hinder clinical translation. To address these challenges, a nano‐orchestrator is developed that targets the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a critical pre‐ICD event, to optimize the “precise dose” of ER stress. Using a clinical‐range irradiation fluence (50‒200 J cm−2) with an 808 nm laser, the release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and antigens are precisely regulated. A fluence of 150 J cm−2 (2 W cm−2 for 75 s) increases dendritic cell maturation and antitumor T cell proliferation, providing valuable clinical insights. The ER stress nano‐orchestrator enhances both adjuvanticity and antigenicity via the protein kinase R‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)‐C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) pathway to regulate ICD‐induced DAMPs and promote tumor cell apoptosis. These optimized ER stress phototherapeutic dying tumor cells can serve as prophylactic vaccines, achieving a remarkable 100% success rate against tumor rechallenge in vivo. Additionally, the nano‐orchestrator shows the potential to develop in situ therapeutic tumor vaccines when combined with anti‐PD‐L1 treatment, providing important insights into enhancing the efficacy of immune checkpoint regulators by modulating endogenous immune responses.
Magneto‐Thermal Hydrogel Swarms for Targeted Lesion Sealing
Authors: Chen Ziheng , Chen Hui , Fang Kaiwen , Liu Na , Yu Jiangfan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMagnetic microswarms capable of performing navigation to targeted lesions show great potential for in vivo medical applications. However, using the swarms for lesion cavity filling encounters challenges from precise delivery and sealing. Herein, this work develops a magneto‐thermal hydrogel swarm consisting of magnetic hydrogel particles, which can perform phase transition induced by temperature change. The particles are prepared using a temperature‐responsive hydrogel matrix, tissue adhesive monomers, and magnetic microparticles. The swarms can be remolded to various shapes, and it can be used to seal perforation in phantom and gastric tissue. The swarms can also serve as drug carriers, and their drug release profiles induced by temperature changes are characterized. Finally, the targeted delivery, adaptive filling, and sealing of a gastric ulcer using the swarms are achieved in ex vivo and in vivo environments.
Scanning Acousto‐Optoelectric Spectroscopy on a Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayer
Authors: Nysten Emeline D. S. , Weiß Matthias , Mayer Benjamin , Petzak Tobias M. , Wurstbauer Ursula , Krenner Hubert J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe charge carrier dynamics are investigated by surface acoustic waves (SAWs) inside a WSe2 monolayer on LiNbO3 by scanning acousto‐optoelectric spectroscopy. A strong enhancement of the PL emission intensity is observed almost over the entire area of the flake. This enhancement increases with increasing amplitude of the wave and is especially strong at or in the vicinity to defects. The latter is attributed to the SAW‐driven Poole–Frenkel activation of trapped charge carriers bound to trapping sites at these defects. In addition, the PL intensity exhibit clear periodic modulations at the SAW's frequency fSAW and at 2 fSAW. These modulations are clear and unambiguous fingerprints of spatio‐temporal carrier dynamics driven by the SAW. These occur on sub‐nanosecond timescales which are found in good agreement with calculated exciton dissociation times. Mapping and analyzing both effects, this study shows that scanning acousto‐electric spectroscopy provides a highly sensitive and local contact‐free probe which uncovers distinct local features not resolved by conventional quasi‐static photoluminescence techniques. The method is ideally suited to study carrier transport in 2D and other types of nanoscale materials and to reveal dynamic exciton modulation, and carrier localization and activation dynamics in the technologically important megahertz to gigahertz frequency range.
Efficient and Ultrastable Seawater Electrolysis at Industrial Current Density with Strong Metal‐Support Interaction and Dual Cl−‐Repelling Layers
Authors: Liu Dong , Wei Xiaotian , Lu Jianxi , Wang Xin , Liu Kai , Cai Yaohai , Qi Yingwei , Wang Lei , Ai Haoqiang , Wang Zhenbo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDirect seawater electrolysis is emerging as a promising renewable energy technology for large‐scale hydrogen generation. The development of Os‐Ni4Mo/MoO2 micropillar arrays with strong metal‐support interaction (MSI) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for seawater electrolysis is reported. The micropillar structure enhances electron and mass transfer, extending catalytic reaction steps and improving seawater electrolysis efficiency. Theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate that the strong MSI between Os and Ni4Mo/MoO2 optimizes the surface electronic structure of the catalyst, reducing the reaction barrier and thereby improving catalytic activity. Importantly, for the first time, a dual Cl− repelling layer is constructed by electrostatic force to safeguard active sites against Cl− attack during seawater oxidation. This includes a strong Os─Cl adsorption and an in situ‐formed MoO42− layer. As a result, the Os‐Ni4Mo/MoO2 catalyst exhibits an ultralow overpotential of 113 and 336 mV to reach 500 mA cm−2 for HER and OER in natural seawater from the South China Sea (without purification, with 1 m KOH added). Notably, it demonstrates superior stability, degrading only 0.37 µV h−1 after 2500 h of seawater oxidation, significantly surpassing the technical target of 1.0 µV h−1 set by the United States Department of Energy.
Metal‐Based Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Bu Yunfei , Ma Rong , Wang Yaobin , Zhao Yunxia , Li Feng , Han Gao‐Feng , Baek Jong‐Beom 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a high‐value chemical widely used in electronics, textiles, paper bleaching, medical disinfection, and wastewater treatment. Traditional production methods, such as the anthraquinone oxidation process and direct synthesis, require high energy consumption, and involve risks from toxic substances and explosions. Researchers are now exploring photochemical, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical synthesis methods to reduce energy use and pollution. This review focuses on the 2‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) for the electrochemical synthesis of H2O2, and discusses how catalyst active sites influence O2 adsorption. Strategies to enhance H2O2 selectivity by regulating these sites are presented. Catalysts require strong O2 adsorption to initiate reactions and weak *OOH adsorption to promote H2O2 formation. The review also covers advances in single‐atom catalysts (SACs), multi‐metal‐based catalysts, and highlights non‐noble metal oxides, especially perovskite oxides, for their versatile structures and potential in 2e− ORR. The potential of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects to enhance catalyst performance is also discussed. In conclusion, emphasis is placed on optimizing catalyst structures through theoretical and experimental methods to achieve efficient and selective H2O2 production, aiming for sustainable and commercial applications.
Enhanced Laser Damage Threshold in Optically Addressable Light Valves via Aluminum Nitride Photoconductors
Authors: Ghandiparsi Soroush , Chatterjee Bikram , Shen Jimmy‐Xuan , Gottlieb Miranda S. , Frye Clint D. , Schneider Joseph D. , Muir Ryan D. , Buckley Brandon W. , Harrison Sara E. , Shao Qinghui , Varley Joel B. , Voss Lars F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOptically addressable light valves (OALVs) are specialized optical components utilized for spatial beam shaping in various laser‐based applications, including optics damage mitigation, and enhanced functionality in diode‐based additive manufacturing requiring high intensities. Current state‐of‐the‐art OALVs employ photoconductors such as Bismuth Silicon Oxide (BSO) or Bismuth Germanium Oxide (BGO), which suffer from limited laser‐induced damage thresholds (LiDT) and inadequate thermal conductivities, thus restricting their use in high peak and average power applications. Aluminum nitride (AlN), an emerging ultra‐wide band gap (UWBG) III–V semiconductor, offers promising optoelectronic properties and superior thermal conductivity (>300 Wm−1K−1 at 298° K, compared to BSO's 3.29 Wm−1K−1). In this study, the first AlN‐based OALVs are designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated using commercially available single‐crystal AlN substrates. These AlN‐based OALVs have shown clear superiority over BSO and BGO‐based devices. Design considerations for OALVs incorporating UWBG photoconductors are discussed, and the photoresponsivity from defect‐mediated sub‐bandgap absorption in AlN crystals is verified as sufficient for OALVs operating under high light fluences. The optimum driving voltage for the AlN‐based OALV is determined to be ≈ 45 Vpp at 100 Hz, achieving a transmittance of 91.3%, an extinction ratio (ER) of more than 100, and a 51:1 image contrast.
Surface Engineering and Nb2CTx‐Modulated CsPbCl3 Perovskite for Self‐Powered UV Photodetectors with Ultrahigh Responsivity
Authors: Luo Guangcan , Wang Yabing , Mao Mingfen , Cen Baofen , Wang Tengfei , Li Qinghong , Liu Kaixiang , Zhang Jing , Luo Shengyun , Kong Pengfei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAll‐inorganic CsPbCl3 perovskite has emerged as a promising material for ultraviolet (UV) photodetection, attributed to its appropriate bandgap and exceptional optoelectronic properties. However, the suboptimal film‐forming quality of the solution process, as well as the instability of films induced by UV radiation and the annealing process, have limited its popularization and application. Herein, the buried layer is pretreated with N, N‐dimethylacetamide (DMF) to improve surface hydrophilicity and facilitate the anchoring of Pb2+. Additionally, Nb2CTx is incorporated into the PbCl2 precursor solution to enhance the quality of CsPbCl3 films. Following surface engineering and Nb2CTx modification (CsPbCl3@Nb2CTx), the morphology and optoelectronic properties of CsPbCl3 films are optimized. Furthermore, the effect of lattice strain and defect state‐induced interface state on the nonradiative charge recombination is mitigated. Ultimately, the UV photodetector fabricated on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO)/SnO2/CsPbCl3@Nb2CTx/Au architecture exhibits outstanding performance including remarkably high responsivity (up to 990 mA W−1), significant specific detectivity (1.03 × 1011 cm Hz1/2 W−1), and rapid rise/decay time (0.24/0.32 µs) under self‐powered mode, with markedly improved stability as well. This approach presents a novel strategy for optimizing CsPbCl3 films through MXene modulation as an immense potential absorb layer for UV photodetector.
Best Practices in Developing a Workflow for Uncertainty Quantification for Modeling the Biodegradation of Mg‐Based Implants
Authors: AlBaraghtheh Tamadur , Willumeit‐Römer Regine , Zeller‐Plumhoff Berit 
Published: October 2024

AbstractComputational models of electrochemical biodegradation of magnesium (Mg)‐based implants are uncertain. To quantify the model uncertainty, iterative evaluations are needed. This presents a challenge, especially for complex, multiscale models as is the case here. Approximating high‐cost and complex models with easy‐to‐evaluate surrogate models can reduce the computational burden. However, the application of this approach to complex degradation models remains limited and understudied. This work provides a workflow to quantify different types of uncertainty within biodegradation models. Three surrogate models—Kriging, polynomial chaos expansion, and polynomial chaos Kriging—are compared based on the minimum number of samples required for surrogate model construction, surrogate model accuracy, and computational time. The surrogate models are tested for three computational models representing Mg‐based implant biodegradation. Global sensitivity analysis and uncertainty propagation are used to analyze the uncertainties associated with the different models. The findings indicate that Kriging proves effective for calibrating diverse computational models with minimal computational time and cost, while polynomial chaos expansion and polynomial chaos Kriging exhibit greater capability in predicting propagated uncertainties within the computational models.
Engineering Lattice Oxygen Regeneration of NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Enhances Oxygen Evolution Catalysis Durability
Authors: Wu Fengyu , Tian Fenyang , Li Menggang , Geng Shuo , Qiu Longyu , He Lin , Li Lulu , Chen Zhaoyu , Yu Yongsheng , Yang Weiwei , Hou Yanglong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) endows NiFe layered double hydroxide (NiFe‐LDH) with superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity, yet the frequent evolution and sluggish regeneration of lattice oxygen intensify the dissolution of active species. Herein, we overcome this challenge by constructing the NiFe hydroxide/Ni4Mo alloy (NiFe‐LDH/Ni4Mo) heterojunction electrocatalyst, featuring the Ni4Mo alloy as the oxygen pump to provide oxygenous intermediates and electrons for NiFe‐LDH. The released lattice oxygen can be timely offset by the oxygenous species during the LOM process, balancing the regeneration of lattice oxygen and assuring the enhancement of the durability. In consequence, the durability of NiFe‐LDH is significantly enhanced after the modification of Ni4Mo with an impressive durability for over 60 h, much longer than that of NiFe‐LDH counterpart with only 10 h. In situ spectra and first‐principle simulations reveal that the adsorption of OH− is significantly strengthened owing to the introduction of Ni4Mo, ensuring the rapid regeneration of lattice oxygen. Moreover, NiFe‐LDH/Ni4Mo‐based anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) presents an impressive durability for over 150 h at 100 mA cm−2. The oxygen pump strategy opens opportunities to balance the evolution and regeneration of lattice oxygen, enhancing the durability of efficient OER catalysts.
Eine DNA‐Polymerase‐Variante erkennt den epigenetischen Marker 5‐Methylcytosin durch erhöhten Fehleinbau
Authors: Henkel Melanie , Fillbrunn Alexander , Marchand Virginie , Raghunathan Govindan , Berthold Michael R. , Motorin Yuri , Marx Andreas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEine Dysregulation der DNA‐Methylierung wird mit der Entstehung humaner Krankheiten, insbesondere Krebs, in Verbindung gebracht. Die Untersuchung abnormaler Methylierungsmuster ist daher vielversprechend für die klinische Diagnostik. DNA‐Polymerasen unterscheiden jedoch nicht effektiv zwischen der Umsetzung von 5‐Methylcytosin (5 mC) und unmethyliertem Cytosin, wodurch die Methylierungsinformation während der Amplifikation oder Sequenzierung verloren geht. Aktuelle Nachweismethoden erfordern daher mehrstufige DNA‐Konversionsbehandlungen oder eine sorgfältige Analyse der Sequenzierungsdaten, um einzelne 5 mC‐Basen zu entschlüsseln. Um diese Herausforderung zu überwinden, schlagen wir einen neuartigen DNA‐Polymerase‐vermittelten Ansatz zur Detektion von 5 mC vor. Hier beschreiben wir die Entwicklung einer thermostabilen DNA‐Polymerase‐Variante aus Thermus aquaticus, die eine veränderte Genauigkeit für 5 mC aufweist. Durch einen Screening‐Ansatz konnten wir eine DNA‐Polymerase identifizieren, die während der DNA‐Synthese einen erhöhten Fehleinbau gegenüber 5 mC zeigt. Diese DNA‐Polymerase erzeugt Mutationssignaturen an methylierten CpG‐Stellen, die einen direkten Nachweis von 5 mC durch das Auslesen einer erhöhten Fehlerrate nach der Sequenzierung ohne vorherige Behandlung der Proben‐DNA erlaubt.
A Poly(2,7‐anthrylene) with peri‐Fused Porphyrin Edges
Authors: Gu Yanwei , Xiang Feifei , Liang Yamei , Bai Peizhi , Qiu Zijie , Chen Qiang , Narita Akimitsu , Xie Yinjun , Fasel Roman , Müllen Klaus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnthracene has served as an important building block of conjugated polymers with the connecting positions playing a crucial role for the electronic structures. Herein, anthracene units have been coupled through their 2,7‐carbons to develop an unprecedented, conjugated polymer, namely, poly(2,7‐anthrylene) featuring additional peri‐fused porphyrin edges. The synthesis starts from a 2,7‐dibromo‐9‐nickel(II) porphyrinyl‐anthracene as the pivotal precursor. Polymerization is achieved by an AA‐type Yamamoto coupling, followed by a polymer‐analogous oxidative cyclodehydrogenation to obtain a peri‐fusion between porphyrin and anthracene moieties. Although further cyclodehydrogenation between the repeating units cannot be achieved in solution, the thermal treatment of the precursor polymer derived from 2,7‐dibromo‐9‐porphyrinyl‐anthracene on a metal surface realizes the full cyclodehydrogenation. The difference between solution and on‐surface reactivity can be rationalized by the larger dihedral angle between repeat units in solution, which is reduced under the pronounced interaction with the metal surface. The peri‐fusion in the title polymer gives rise to a narrow electronic band gap optical absorptions extending far into the near‐infrared region. Oligomeric models are synthesized as well to support the analyses of the electronic and photophysical properties.
Stable Xanthene Radicals and Their Heavy Chalcogen Analogues Showing Tunable Doublet Emission from Green to Near‐infrared
Authors: Jiang Wanqing , Wu Shaofei , Xu Duo , Tu Liangjing , Xie Yujun , Pasqués‐Gramage Pablo , Boj Pedro G. , Díaz‐García María A. , Li Feng , Wu Jishan , Li Zhen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOrganic luminescent radicals, unlike traditional closed‐shell fluorescent emitters, exhibit distinct luminescence mechanisms, offering promising potential for optoelectronic devices. To date, stable luminescent radicals have predominantly been confined to polychlorinated triphenylmethyl radicals, underscoring the need for new platforms to expand their emission spectra. In this study, we report the synthesis of stable 9‐aryl‐substituted xanthene radicals and their heavy chalcogen analogues (1 a–c and 2 a–c), which exhibited excellent chemical stability and emission ranging from green to near‐infrared (527–714 nm). Notably, the selenium‐substituted radical (1 c) demonstrates a significantly enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield of 41 % when doped into its precursor solid. Additionally, the introduction of methoxyphenyl groups has largely enhanced the stability of the radical, showcasing an excellent photostability with the longest half‐life of around 1792 h. The high internal quantum efficiency of up to 81 % was further validated in organic light‐emitting diode. This study introduces a novel class of stable carbon‐centered radicals with high tunability and functionality for photoelectric applications.
Kaempferol Extends Male Lifespan Under Blue Light Irradiation in Drosophila
Authors: He Qimeng , Jin Hui , Shen Jie 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTShort‐wavelength blue light is ubiquitous in daily life and has a lasting destructive influence. Its potential harm to biological health is significant. This study used Drosophila as a model organism to investigate the protective effects of kaempferol, a flavonoid, against the toxicity of blue light. It also examined its physiological effects on Drosophila under blue light irradiation. In this experiment, fruit flies were fed with three different concentrations of kaempferol solutions (0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 mol/L) dissolved in food. The survival rate and physiological indexes of Drosophila were investigated under blue light irradiation of 2500 lux. The results showed that 0.1 mol/L kaempferol increased the activity of male flies during the day and significantly extended the male survival time under blue light irradiation. However, the study found that kaempferol did not significantly prolong the survival time of Drosophila in the oxidative stress experiment, and no significant difference was observed in the feeding experiment. In summary, our research found that kaempferol, at the concentration of 0.1 mol/L, has a protective effect on Drosophila under blue light irradiation, potentially achieved through alterations in circadian rhythm.