bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capital Allocation and Productivity in South Europe*
Authors: Gopinath Gita , Kalemli-Özcan Şebnem , Karabarbounis Loukas , Villegas-Sanchez Carolina 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Starting in the early 1990s, countries in southern Europe experienced low productivity growth alongside declining real interest rates. We use data for manufacturing firms in Spain between 1999 and 2012 to document a significant increase in the dispersion of the return to capital across firms, a stable dispersion of the return to labor, and a significant increase in productivity losses from capital misallocation over time. We develop a model with size-dependent financial frictions that is consistent with important aspects of firms’ behavior in production and balance sheet data. We illustrate how the decline in the real interest rate, often attributed to the euro convergence process, leads to a significant decline in sectoral total factor productivity as capital inflows are misallocated toward firms that have higher net worth but are not necessarily more productive. We show that similar trends in dispersion and productivity losses are observed in Italy and Portugal but not in Germany, France, and Norway.
Persistent hypothyroid symptoms in a patient with a normal thyroid stimulating hormone level
Authors: Jonklaas Jacqueline 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
A subset of patients being treated for hypothyroidism do not feel well while taking levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy, despite having a normal serum thyroid stimulating hormone level. Pursuing a relative triiodothyronine deficiency as a potential explanation for patient dissatisfaction, has led to trials of combination therapy with liothyronine (LT3), with largely negative outcomes. This review attempts to reconcile these diverse findings, consider potential explanations, and identify areas for future research.

Recent findings
Patients being treated with LT4 often have lower triiodothyronine levels than patients with endogenous thyroid function. Linking patient dissatisfaction with low triiodothyronine levels has fueled multiple combination therapy trials that have generally not shown improvement in patient quality of life, mood, or cognitive performance. Some trials, however, suggest patient preference for combination therapy. There continues, moreover, to be anecdotal evidence that patients have fewer unresolved symptoms while taking combination therapy.

Summary
The 14 trials completed to date have suffered from employing doses of LT3 that do not result in steady triiodothyronine levels, and having insufficient power to analyze results based on baseline dissatisfaction with therapy and patient genotype. Future trials that are able to incorporate such features may provide insight into what thyroid hormone preparations will most improve patient satisfaction with therapy.
The New Parent Checklist
Authors: Keys Elizabeth M. , McNeil Deborah A. , Wallace Donna A. , Bostick Jason , Churchill A. Jocelyn , Dodd Maureen M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Purpose:
To design and establish content and face validity of an evidence-informed tool that promotes parental self-reflection during the transition to parenthood.

Study Design and Methods:
The New Parent Checklist was developed using a three-phase sequential approach: Phase 1 a scoping review and expert consultation to develop and refine a prototype tool; Phase 2 content analysis of parent focus groups; and Phase 3 assessment of utility in a cross-sectional sample of parents completing the New Parent Checklist and a questionnaire.

Results:
The initial version of the checklist was considered by experts to contain key information. Focus group participants found it useful, appropriate, and nonjudgmental, and offered suggestions to enhance readability, utility, as well as face and content validity. In the cross-sectional survey, 83% of the participants rated the New Parent Checklist as “helpful” or “very helpful” and 90% found the New Parent Checklist “very easy” to use. Open-ended survey responses included predominantly positive feedback. Notable differences existed for some items based on respondents' first language, age, and sex. Results and feedback from all three phases informed the current version, available for download online.

Clinical Implications:
The New Parent Checklist is a comprehensive evidence-informed self-reflective tool with promising content and face validity. Depending on parental characteristics and infant age, certain items of the New Parent Checklist have particular utility but may also require further adaptation and testing. Local resources for information and/or support are included in the tool and could be easily adapted by other regions to incorporate their own local resources.
Epidemiology of Major Depressive Disorder Disability in the US Military
Authors: Packnett Elizabeth R. , Elmasry Hoda , Toolin Christine F. , Cowan David N. , Boivin Michael R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This study assesses the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) disability discharge and retirement in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force and describes MDD comorbidity. Service members with a disability discharge for either MDD (n = 2,882) or any nonpsychiatric disability (n = 56,145), between fiscal years 2007 and 2012, were included in the study population. Those with MDD disability at first evaluation but not at last evaluation were excluded. The incidence of MDD disability discharge increased significantly in the Army and Air Force between fiscal years 2007 and 2012. MDD disability retirement significantly increased in the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Females, and those who experienced at least one deployment, had higher incidence rates of MDD disability discharge. All services included spinal diseases and posttraumatic stress disorder in their top five comorbid categories. Given the association between trauma and MDD, further research into the role of both combat exposure and injury on MDD is merited.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Rectal and Urethral Sexually Transmitted Infections From Self-Collected Samples Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men Participating in the Keep It Up! 2.0 Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mustanski Brian , Feinstein Brian A. , Madkins Krystal , Sullivan Patrick , Swann Gregory 
Published: June 2017

Background
Despite recommendations that sexually active men who have sex with men be regularly tested for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and that testing reflect anatomical sites of potential exposure, regular testing is not widely performed, especially for rectal STIs. As such, little is known about the prevalence of rectal and urethral STIs among young men who have sex with men (YMSM).

Methods
The current study examined the prevalence and risk factors for rectal and urethral chlamydia and gonorrhea in a sample of 1113 YMSM ages 18 to 29 years (mean, 24.07 years). Before participating in a randomized controlled trial for an online human immunodeficiency virus prevention program (Keep It Up! 2.0), participants completed self-report measures and self-collected urine and rectal samples. Participants mailed samples to a laboratory for nucleic acid amplification testing. Viability of self-collected samples was examined as a potential method to increase STI screening for MSM without access to STI testing clinics.

Results
Results indicated that 15.1% of participants tested positive for an STI, 13.0% for a rectal STI, 3.4% for a urethral STI, and 1.2% for both rectal and urethral STIs. Rectal chlamydia was significantly more common (8.8%) than rectal gonorrhea (5.0%). Rectal STIs were higher among black YMSM compared with white YMSM. Additionally, rectal STIs were positively associated with condomless receptive anal sex with casual partners.

Conclusions
Findings call attention to the need for health care providers to test YMSM for rectal STIs. This study also demonstrates the viability of including self-collected samples for STI testing in an eHealth program.
A Case of Decreased Susceptibility to Ceftriaxone in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Absence of a Mosaic Penicillin-Binding Protein 2 (penA) Allele
Authors: Abrams A. Jeanine , Kirkcaldy Robert D. , Pettus Kevin , Fox Jan L. , Kubin Grace , Trees David L. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We report a case of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with a non-mosaic penA allele that exhibited decreased susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, including a ceftriaxone minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.5 μg/mL. An analysis of resistance determinants suggested that the observed phenotype might have resulted from the combined effects of mutations in multiple genes.
Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention in 78 Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics—United States, 2014–2015
Authors: McGinnis Emily , Meyerson Beth E. , Meites Elissa , Saraiya Mona , Griesse Rebecca , Snoek Emily , Haderxhanaj Laura , Markowitz Lauri E. , Smith William 
Published: June 2017

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections cause approximately 30,700 cancers annually among US men and women, cervical cancer being the most common. Human papillomavirus vaccination is recommended routinely for US girls and boys at age 11 to 12 years, and for those not previously vaccinated, through age 26 and 21 years for women and men, respectively. Our objective was to assess current cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination practices among sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in the United States.

Methods
We surveyed a geographically diverse convenience sample of US STD clinics identified by members of the National Coalition of STD Directors within 65 state, territorial, and local jurisdictions. An online multiple-choice survey about clinical services was administered to clinic directors or designees during October 2014 to February 2015.

Results
Survey respondents included 78 clinics from 46 states and territories. Of these clinics, 31 (39.7%) offered both cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination, 6 (7.7%) offered cervical cancer screening only, 21 (26.9%) offered HPV vaccination only, and 20 (25.6%) offered neither cervical cancer prevention service. Among those not offering the service, the most commonly reported barrier to cervical cancer screening was time constraints (25/41, 61.0%); for HPV vaccination it was reimbursement (11/26, 42.3%).

Conclusions
By early 2015, in a geographically diverse group of 78 STD clinics, 39.7% provided nationally recommended HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening, whereas 25.6% provided neither. Further research could identify strategies for STD clinics to reduce HPV-associated cancers by increasing provision of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening services, particularly among medically underserved populations.
Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Cisgender and Transgender Women Sex Workers in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Results From a Respondent-Driven Sampling Study
Authors: Wickersham Jeffrey A. , Gibson Britton A. , Bazazi Alexander R. , Pillai Veena , Pedersen Courtney J. , Meyer Jaimie P. , El-Bassel Nabila , Mayer Kenneth H. , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Altice Frederick L. 
Published: June 2017

Background
Sex workers face a disproportionate burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STI) worldwide. For cisgender women sex workers (CWSW), global HIV prevalence is over 10%, whereas transgender women sex workers (TWSW) face an HIV burden of 19% to 27%.

Methods
We used respondent-driven sampling to recruit 492 sex workers, including CWSW (n = 299) and TWSW (n = 193) in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Participants completed an in-depth survey and were screened for HIV, syphilis, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Sample characteristics stratified by gender identity and interview site are presented. Bivariate analyses comparing CWSW and TWSW were conducted using independent samples t tests for continuous variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables.

Results
Pooled HIV prevalence was high (11.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.8–14.5), and was similar for CWSW (11.1%) and TWSW (12.4%). Rates of syphilis 25.5% (95% CI, 21.6–29.5), C. trachomatis (14.8%; 95% CI, 11.6–18.0) and N. gonorrhoeae (5.8%; 95% CI, 3.7–7.9) were also concerning. Both groups reported lifetime HIV testing (62.4%), but CWSW were less likely to have ever been HIV tested (54.5%) than TWSW (74.6%). Median time since last HIV test was 24 months. Previous screening for STI was low. Inconsistent condom use and drug use during sex work were not uncommon.

Conclusions
High HIV and STI prevalence, coupled with infrequent HIV and STI screening, inconsistent condom use, and occupational drug use, underscore the need for expanded HIV and STI prevention, screening, and treatment efforts among CWSW and TWSW in Malaysia.
Acute Abdominal Pain
Authors: Norbedo Stefania , Bassanese Giulia , Barbieri Francesca , Barbi Egidio 
Published: June 2017

Objective
The main aim of the study was to investigate the incidence and the clinically relevant features of functional constipation in patients evaluated for acute abdominal pain in a tertiary care pediatric emergency department.

Methods
This is a retrospective study. We analyzed 4394 medical records and recorded the information (demographics, triage code, symptoms, medical history, physical evaluation, laboratory tests, radiological studies, procedures, and treatments) of all patients admitted for acute abdominal pain to the emergency department of the IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, during 2010 to 2013.

Results
In this study, a quarter of patients (1020) presenting in the emergency department with acute abdominal pain were affected by functional constipation. Acute pain associated with functional constipation is generally rated from moderate to severe, and the location of the pain on physical evaluation was not a sufficient criterion to guide diagnosis. Isolated vomiting may be present in a minority of cases. Digital rectal exploration was never performed; the majority of patients were treated by means of an enema with prompt relief. Six percent of patients with constipation underwent radiological studies.

Conclusions
This study confirms that the medical history provides a pivotal role in the diagnosis of functional constipation. Digital rectal exploration and x-rays should be avoided in this setting, whereas an enema plays a useful diagnostic and therapeutic role in our study patients.
Understanding the Constipation Conundrum
Authors: MacGeorge Claire A. , Williams Daniel C. , Vajta Natalie , Morella Kristen , Thacker Paul G. , Russell Scott , Basco William T. , Bundy David G. 
Published: June 2017

Objectives
Many children with constipation who are evaluated in emergency departments (EDs) receive an abdominal radiograph (AR) despite evidence-based guidelines discouraging imaging. The objectives of this study were to identify predictors associated with obtaining an AR and to determine if ARs were associated with a longer length of stay (LOS) among children with constipation evaluated in the ED.

Methods
A review of billing and electronic health records was conducted in an academic pediatric ED for children ages 0 to 17 years who had a primary discharge diagnosis of constipation from July 2013 to June 2014. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors for obtaining an AR. Differences in mean LOS were analyzed using linear regression.

Results
In total, 326 children met inclusion criteria, and 60% of the children received an AR. In logistic regression, significant predictors included age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.1/year of age, P = 0.004), presenting with abdominal pain as chief complaint compared with constipation (OR = 4.4, P < 0.0001), and history of emesis (OR = 2.8, P = 0.001) after controlling for provider type and previous constipation medication use. In linear regression, the adjusted mean LOS for those with an AR was 163 minutes compared with 117 minutes for those without after controlling for age, provider type, and history of constipation medication use (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Abdominal radiographs were used frequently in the ED diagnosis and management of constipation, particularly in older children and those with abdominal pain and emesis. Abdominal radiographs were associated with increased LOS.
Cryo-electron tomography: an ideal method to study membrane-associated proteins
Authors: Dunstone Michelle A. , de Marco Alex 
Published: June 2017

Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is a three-dimensional imaging technique that makes it possible to analyse the structure of complex and dynamic biological assemblies in their native conditions. The latest technological and image processing developments demonstrate that it is possible to obtain structural information at nanometre resolution. The sample preparation required for the cryo-ET technique does not require the isolation of a protein and other macromolecular complexes from its native environment. Therefore, cryo-ET is emerging as an important tool to study the structure of membrane-associated proteins including pores.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Membrane pores: from structure and assembly, to medicine and technology’.
Pore formation by dimeric Bak and Bax: an unusual pore?
Authors: Uren Rachel T. , Iyer Sweta , Kluck Ruth M. 
Published: June 2017

Apoptotic cell death via the mitochondrial pathway occurs in all vertebrate cells and requires the formation of pores in the mitochondrial outer membrane. Two Bcl-2 protein family members, Bak and Bax, form these pores during apoptosis, and how they do so has been investigated for the last two decades. Many of the conformation changes that occur during their transition to pore-forming proteins have now been delineated. Notably, biochemical, biophysical and structural studies indicate that symmetric homodimers are the basic unit of pore formation. Each dimer contains an extended hydrophobic surface that lies on the outer membrane, and is anchored at either end by a transmembrane domain. Membrane-remodelling events such as positive membrane curvature have been reported to accompany apoptotic pore formation, suggesting Bak and Bax form lipidic pores rather than proteinaceous pores. However, it remains unclear how symmetric dimers assemble to porate the membrane. Here, we review how clusters of dimers and their lipid-mediated interactions provide a molecular explanation for the heterogeneous assemblies of Bak and Bax observed during apoptosis.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Membrane pores: from structure and assembly, to medicine and technology’.
Single-molecule nanopore enzymology
Authors: Willems Kherim , Van Meervelt Veerle , Wloka Carsten , Maglia Giovanni 
Published: June 2017

Biological nanopores are a class of membrane proteins that open nanoscale water conduits in biological membranes. When they are reconstituted in artificial membranes and a bias voltage is applied across the membrane, the ionic current passing through individual nanopores can be used to monitor chemical reactions, to recognize individual molecules and, of most interest, to sequence DNA. In addition, a more recent nanopore application is the analysis of single proteins and enzymes. Monitoring enzymatic reactions with nanopores, i.e. nanopore enzymology, has the unique advantage that it allows long-timescale observations of native proteins at the single-molecule level. Here, we describe the approaches and challenges in nanopore enzymology.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Membrane pores: from structure and assembly, to medicine and technology’.
A RESTful API to serve BAM file with OAuth2 compatible authorization
Authors: Delafontaine Julien , Pradervand Sylvain 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSummaryBam-server is an open-source RESTful service to query slices of BAM files securely and manage their user accesses. A typical use case is the visualization of local read alignments in a web interface for variant calling diagnostic, without exposing sensitive data to unauthorized users through the network, and without moving the original - heavy - file. Bam-server follows the standard implementation of a protected resource server in the context of a typical token-based authorization protocol, supporting HMAC- and RSA-hashed signatures from an authorization server of choice.AvailabilityThe source code is available athttps://github.com/chuv-ssrc/bam-server-scala, and a complete documentation can be found athttp://bam-server-scala.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.Contactsylvain.pradervand@chuv.ch
Evaluating 35 Methods to Generate Structural Connectomes Using Pairwise Classification
Authors: Petrov Dmitry , Ivanov Alexander , Faskowitz Joshua , Gutman Boris , Moyer Daniel , Villalon Julio , Jahanshad Neda , Thompson Paul 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThere is no consensus on how to construct structural brain networks from diffusion MRI. How variations in pre-processing steps affect network reliability and its ability to distinguish subjects remains opaque. In this work, we address this issue by comparing 35 structural connectome-building pipelines. We vary diffusion reconstruction models, tractography algorithms and parcellations. Next, we classify structural connectome pairs as either belonging to the same individual or not. Connectome weights and eight topological derivative measures form our feature set. For experiments, we use three test-retest datasets from the Consortium for Reliability and Reproducibility (CoRR) comprised of a total of 105 individuals. We also compare pairwise classification results to a commonly used parametric test-retest measure, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC)‡.
TheCaenorhabditis elegansRAD-51 isoform A is required for the induction of DNA-damage-dependent apoptosis
Authors: Germoglio Marcello , Adamo Adele 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTherad-51gene inCaenorhabditis elegansis transcribed into alternative mRNAs potentially coding three alternative protein isoforms. We have genetically modified this gene in order to investigate the potential roles of the longest isoform, namely isoform A, in genome stability. The RAD-51 isoform A appears to contribute to genome stability in late development, but is not implicated in meiosis or DNA repair in the germline. However, the RAD-51 isoform A has a pivotal role in DNA damage induced apoptosis, but not in DNA damage checkpoint activation or physiological cell death. This is a relevant new finding that improves our understanding of how DNA damage apoptosis is restricted to late pachytene stage preventing the inappropriate loss of nuclei undergoing the earlier stages of meiotic recombination, during which a large number of physiologically induced DSBs are present.