bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boron desorption and fractionation in Subduction Zone Fore Arcs: Implications for the sources and transport of deep fluids
Authors: Saffer Demian M. , Kopf Achim J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAt many subduction zones, pore water geochemical anomalies at seafloor seeps and in shallow boreholes indicate fluid flow and chemical transport from depths of several kilometers. Identifying the source regions for these fluids is essential toward quantifying flow pathways and volatile fluxes through fore arcs, and in understanding their connection to the loci of excess pore pressure at depth. Here we develop a model to track the coupled effects of boron desorption, smectite dehydration, and progressive consolidation within sediment at the top of the subducting slab, where such deep fluid signals likely originate. Our analysis demonstrates that the relative timing of heating and consolidation is a dominant control on pore water composition. For cold slabs, pore water freshening is maximized because dehydration releases bound water into low porosity sediment, whereas boron concentrations and isotopic signatures are modest because desorption is strongly sensitive to temperature and is only partially complete. For warmer slabs, freshening is smaller, because dehydration occurs earlier and into larger porosities, but the boron signatures are larger. The former scenario is typical of nonaccretionary margins where insulating sediment on the subducting plate is commonly thin. This result provides a quantitative explanation for the global observation that signatures of deeply sourced fluids are generally strongest at nonaccretionary margins. Application of our multitracer approach to the Costa Rica, N. Japan, N. Barbados, and Mediterranean Ridge subduction zones illustrates that desorption and dehydration are viable explanations for observed geochemical signals, and suggest updip fluid migration from these source regions over tens of km.
Upper mantle structure of the Tonga‐Lau‐Fiji region from Rayleigh wave tomography
Authors: Wei S. Shawn , Zha Yang , Shen Weisen , Wiens Douglas A. , Conder James A. , Webb Spahr C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe investigate the upper mantle seismic structure in the Tonga‐Lau‐Fiji region by jointly fitting the phase velocities of Rayleigh waves from ambient‐noise and two‐plane‐wave tomography. The results suggest a wide low‐velocity zone beneath the Lau Basin, with a minimum SV‐velocity of about 3.7 ± 0.1 km/s, indicating upwelling hot asthenosphere with extensive partial melting. The variations of velocity anomalies along the Central and Eastern Lau Spreading Centers suggest varying mantle porosity filled with melt. In the north where the spreading centers are distant from the Tonga slab, the inferred melting commences at about 70 km depth, and forms an inclined zone in the mantle, dipping to the west away from the arc. This pattern suggests a passive decompression melting process supplied by the Australian plate mantle from the west. In the south, as the supply from the Australian mantle is impeded by the Lau Ridge lithosphere, flux melting controlled by water from the nearby slab dominates in the back‐arc. This source change results in the rapid transition in geochemistry and axial morphology along the spreading centers. The remnant Lau Ridge and the Fiji Plateau are characterized by a 60–80 km thick lithosphere underlain by a low‐velocity asthenosphere. Our results suggest the removal of the lithosphere of the northeastern Fiji Plateau‐Lau Ridge beneath the active Taveuni Volcano. Azimuthal anisotropy shows that the mantle flow direction rotates from trench‐perpendicular beneath Fiji to spreading‐perpendicular beneath the Lau Basin, which provides evidence for the southward flow of the mantle wedge and the Samoan plume.
Reconstruction of the IMF polarity using midlatitude geomagnetic observations in the nineteenth century
Authors: Vokhmyanin M. V. , Ponyavin D. I. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By component affects the configuration of field‐aligned currents (FAC) whose geomagnetic response is observed from high to low latitudes. The ground magnetic perturbations induced by FACs are opposite on the dawnside and duskside and depend upon the IMF By polarity. Based on the multilinear regression analysis, we show that this effect is presented at the midlatitude observatories, Niemegk and Arti, in the X and Y components of the geomagnetic field. This allows us to infer the IMF sector structure from the old geomagnetic records made at Ekaterinburg and Potsdam since 1850 and 1890, respectively. Geomagnetic data from various stations provide proxies of the IMF polarity which coincide for the most part of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This supports their reliabilities and makes them suitable for studying the large‐scale IMF sector structure in the past.
Isosymmetric pressure‐induced bonding increase changes compression behavior of clinopyroxenes across jadeite‐aegirine solid solution in subduction zones
Authors: Xu Jingui , Zhang Dongzhou , Fan Dawei , Downs Robert T. , Hu Yi , Dera Przemyslaw K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPyroxenes are among the most important minerals of Earth's crust and upper mantle and play significant role in controlling subduction at convergent margins. In this study, synchrotron‐based single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiments were carried out on a natural aegirine [NaFe3+Si2O6] sample at ambient temperature and high pressures to 60 GPa, simulating conditions within the coldest part of a subduction zone consisting of old lithosphere. The diffraction data reveal no obvious sign of structural phase transition in aegirine within this pressure range; however, several relevant structural parameter trends change noticeably at approximately 24 GPa, indicating the presence of the previously predicted isosymmetric bonding change, related to increase of coordination number of Na+ at M2 site. The pressure‐volume data, fit with third‐order Birch‐Murnaghan (BM3) equation of state over the whole pressure range, yields KT0 = 126(2) GPa and K′T0 = 3.3(1), while separate BM3 fits performed for the 0–24.0 GPa and 29.9–60.4 GPa pressure ranges give KT0 = 118(3) GPa, K′T0 = 4.2(3) and KT0 = 133(2) GPa, K′T0 = 3.0(1), suggesting that the structure stiffens as a result of the new bond formation. Aegirine exhibits strong anisotropic compression with unit strain axial ratios ε1:ε2:ε3 = 1.00:2.44:1.64. Structural refinements reveal that NaO8 polyhedron is the most compressible and SiO4 tetrahedron has the lowest compressibility. The consequence of bonding transition is that the compressional behavior of aegirine below ~24 GPa and above that pressure is quite different, with likely consequences for relevant thermodynamic parameters and ion diffusion coefficients.
Unbiased analysis of geomagnetic data sets and comparison of historical data with paleomagnetic and archeomagnetic records
Authors: Arneitz Patrick , Egli Ramon , Leonhardt Roman 
Published: November 2016

AbstractReconstructions of the past geomagnetic field provide fundamental constraints for understanding the dynamics of the Earth's interior, as well as serving as basis for magnetostratigraphic and archeomagnetic dating tools. Such reconstructions, when extending over epochs that precede the advent of instrumental measurements, rely exclusively on magnetic records from archeological artifacts, and, further in the past, from rocks and sediments. The most critical component of such indirect records is field intensity because of possible biases introduced by material properties and by laboratory protocols, which do not reproduce exactly the original field recording conditions. Large biases are usually avoided by the use of appropriate checking procedures; however, smaller ones can remain undetected in individual studies and might significantly affect field reconstructions. We introduce a new general approach for analyzing geomagnetic databases in order to investigate the reliability of indirect records. This approach is based on the comparison of historical records with archeomagnetic and volcanic data, considering temporal and spatial mismatches with adequate weighting functions and error estimation. A good overall agreement is found between indirect records and historical measurements, while for several subsets systematic bias is detected (e.g., inclination shallowing of lava records). We also demonstrate that simple approaches to analyzing highly inhomogeneous and internally correlated paleomagnetic data sets can lead to incorrect conclusions about the efficiency of quality checks and corrections. Consistent criteria for selecting and weighting data are presented in this review and can be used to improve current geomagnetic field modeling techniques.
Evolution and persistence of cross‐directional statistical dependence during finite‐Péclet transport through a real porous medium
Authors: Most Sebastian , Bijeljic Branko , Nowak Wolfgang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTransport of passive, dissolved compounds in fully‐saturated complex porous media frequently exhibits non‐Fickian characteristics. One of the most interesting questions is to ascertain the time scales at which it is possible to describe transport as a statistically independent process. Therefore, we study the mechanisms for evolution and then the decrease of non‐Fickianity as a function of increasing time. Adopting the Lagrangian perspective, we provide a nonlinear copula analysis of advective‐diffusive processes by analyzing particle trajectories in a real porous media, as provided by direct numerical simulations on the three‐dimensional image of Doddington sandstone. First, we analyze the memory effects between time‐consecutive particle position increments and cross dependence between longitudinal and transversal particle position increments as a function of given time increments and time lags between consecutive time increments. Second, we investigate the influence of the Péclet regime on the temporal evolution of dependence. Our main findings are: (a) Cross dependence between longitudinal and transversal particle position increments is persistent over the investigated range of time increments, even though this aspect has been neglected up to date. (b) Lower Péclet numbers lead to a weaker dependence that is, however, more persistent over time than in higher‐Péclet transport regimes. We confirm that non‐Fickianity comes from spatial coherence associated with heterogeneities of the velocity field that introduce cross dependence and memory into the transport process. Overall, we show that memory and cross dependence are persistent in and among all directions, that the dependence is highly‐nonlinear, occurs at different temporal scales, and is dependent on the Péclet number.
Safety and efficacy of ruxolitinib in splanchnic vein thrombosis associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Pieri Lisa , Paoli Chiara , Arena Umberto , Marra Fabio , Mori Fabio , Zucchini Mery , Colagrande Stefano , Castellani Alessandro , Masciulli Arianna , Rosti Vittorio , De Stefano Valerio , Betti Silvia , Finazzi Guido , Ferrari Maria Luisa , Rumi Elisa , Ruggeri Marco , Nichele Ilaria , Guglielmelli Paola , Fjerza Rajmonda , Mannarelli Carmela , Fanelli Tiziana , Merli Lucia , Corbizi Fattori Giuditta , Massa Margherita , Cimino Giuseppe , Rambaldi Alessandro , Barosi Giovanni , Cazzola Mario , Barbui Tiziano , Vannucchi Alessandro M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSplanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) is one of the vascular complications of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). We designed a phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate safety and efficacy of ruxolitinib in reducing splenomegaly and improving disease‐related symptoms in patients with MPN‐associated SVT. Patients diagnosed with myelofibrosis (12 cases), polycythemia vera (5 cases) and essential thrombocythemia (4 cases) received ruxolitinib for 24 weeks in the core study period. Spleen volume was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and splanchnic vein circulation by echo‐Doppler analysis. Nineteen patients carried JAK2V617F, one had MPLW515L, and one CALRL367fs*46 mutation. Eighteen patients had spleno‐portal‐mesenteric thrombosis, two had Budd–Chiari syndrome, and one had both sites involved; 16 patients had esophageal varices. Ruxolitinib was well tolerated with hematological toxicities consistent with those of patients without SVT and no hemorrhagic adverse events were recorded. After 24 weeks of treatment, spleen volume reduction ≥35% by MRI was achieved by 6/21 (29%) patients, and a ≥50% spleen length reduction by palpation at any time up to week 24 was obtained by 13/21 (62%) patients. At week 72, 8 of the 13 (62%) patients maintained the spleen response by palpation. No significant effect of treatment on esophageal varices or in splanchnic circulation was observed. MPN‐related symptoms, evaluated by MPN‐symptom assessment form (SAF) TSS questionnaire, improved significantly during the first 4 weeks and remained stable up to week 24. In conclusion, this trial shows that ruxolitinib is safe in patients with MPN‐associated SVT, and effective in reducing spleen size and disease‐related symptoms.
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with primary treatment failure: Ultra‐high risk features and benchmarking for experimental therapies
Authors: Costa Luciano J. , Maddocks Kami , Epperla Narendranath , Reddy Nishitha M. , Karmali Reem , Umyarova Elvira , Bachanova Veronika , Costa Cristiana , Glenn Martha J. , Chavez Julio C. , Calzada Oscar , Lansigan Frederick , Nasheed Hossain , Barta Stefan K. , Zhou Zheng , Jaglal Michael , Chhabra Saurabh , Hernandez‐Ilizaliturri Francisco , Xavier Ana C. , Mehta Amitkumar , Peker Deniz , Forero‐Torres Andreas , Al‐Mansour Zeina , Evens Andrew M. , Cohen Jonathon B. , Flowers Christopher R. , Fenske Timothy S. , Hamadani Mehdi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe outcomes of patients with DLBCL and primary treatment failure (PTF) in the rituximab era are unclear. We analyzed 331 patients with PTF, defined as primary progression while on upfront chemoimmunotherapy (PP), residual disease at the end of upfront therapy (RD) or relapse < 6 months from end of therapy (early relapse; ER). Median age was 58 years and response to salvage was 41.7%. Two‐year OS was 18.5% in PP, 30.6% in RD and 45.5% in ER. The presence of PP, intermediate‐high/high NCCN‐IPI at time of PTF or MYC translocation predicted 2‐year OS of 13.6% constituting ultra‐high risk (UHR) features. Among the 132 patients who underwent autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation, 2‐year OS was 74.3%, 59.6% and 10.7% for patients with 0,1 and 2–3 UHR features respectively. Patients with PTF and UHR features should be prioritized for clinical trials with newer agents and innovative cellular therapy.
Evidence of microbiota dysbiosis in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Hoggard Michael , Biswas Kristi , Zoing Melissa , Wagner Mackenzie Brett , Taylor Michael W. , Douglas Richard G. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundDespite considerable research, the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains poorly understood. Potential microbial roles in the etiology or progression of CRS have long been hypothesized, yet few specific associations have been identified. In this study we investigate associations between patterns in resident bacterial communities and clinical variants of CRS.MethodsBacterial communities were assessed in 94 patients with extensive bilateral CRS undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and 29 controls undergoing ESS for indications other than CRS. Patients were grouped on the basis of phenotypic variants (with or without polyposis) and clinical parameters, including asthma and cystic fibrosis. Bacterial communities were characterized via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsControls and idiopathic CRS subjects tended to be dominated by members of the genera Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus, together with lower abundances of several other genera, including Streptococcus, Moraxella, and Haemophilus. Aberrant (dysbiotic) bacterial assemblages (with changes in community membership and structure, reduced diversity, and increased bacterial load) and increased inter‐ and intrasubject variability were more common in subjects with comorbidities such as asthma and cystic fibrosis. Dysbiotic communities were variably dominated by members of the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Pseudomonas, Moraxella, or Fusobacterium.ConclusionBacterial community dysbiosis was more apparent than specific associations with examined phenotypes or endotypes, and may play a role in the pathogenesis or influence the severity of CRS. Reductions in several common core bacterial taxa, increased inter‐ and intrasubject variability, reduced bacterial diversity, and increased bacterial load characterized aberrant bacterial communities in CRS.
Sinus surgery can improve quality of life, lung infections, and lung function in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Alanin Mikkel Christian , Aanaes Kasper , Høiby Niels , Pressler Tania , Skov Marianne , Nielsen Kim Gjerum , Johansen Helle Krogh , von Buchwald Christian 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and bacterial sinusitis are ubiquitous in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). From the sinuses, Pseudomonas aeruginosa can infect the lungs.MethodsWe studied the effect of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on symptoms of CRS and lower airway infections in PCD patients in a prospective single‐arm intervention study of ESS with adjuvant therapy using nasal irrigation with saline, topical nasal steroids, and 2 weeks of systemic antibiotics. Additional treatment with local colistin for 6 months was instigated when P. aeruginosa was cultured at ESS.ResultsTwenty‐four PCD patients underwent ESS to search for an infectious focus (n = 10), due to severe symptoms of CRS (n = 8), or both (n = 6). Bacteria were cultured from sinus samples in 21 patients (88%), and simultaneous sinus and lung colonization with identical pathogens were observed in 13 patients (62%). Four patients with preoperative P. aeruginosa lung colonization (25%) had no regrowth during follow‐up; 2 of these had P. aeruginosa sinusitis. Sinonasal symptoms were improved 12 months after ESS and we observed a trend toward better lung function after ESS.ConclusionWe demonstrated an improvement in CRS‐related symptoms after ESS and adjuvant therapy. In selected PCD patients, the suggested regimen may postpone chronic lung infection with P. aeruginosa and stabilize lung function.
Click and Release: A Chemical Strategy toward Developing Gasotransmitter Prodrugs by Using an Intramolecular Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Ji Xingyue , Zhou Cheng , Ji Kaili , Aghoghovbia Robert E. , Pan Zhixiang , Chittavong Vayou , Ke Bowen , Wang Binghe 
Published: November 2016

AbstractProdrug strategies have been proven to be a very effective way of addressing delivery problems. Much of the chemistry in prodrug development relies on the ability to mask an appropriate functional group, which can be removed under appropriate conditions. However, developing organic prodrugs of gasotransmitters represent unique challenges. This is especially true with carbon monoxide, which does not have an easy “handle” for bioreversible derivatization. By taking advantage of an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction, we have developed a prodrug strategy for preparations of organic CO prodrugs that are stable during synthesis and storage, and yet readily release CO with tunable release rates under near physiological conditions. The effectiveness of the CO prodrug system in delivering a sufficient quantity of CO for possible therapeutic applications has been studied using a cell culture anti‐inflammatory assay and a colitis animal model. These studies fully demonstrate the proof of concept, and lay a strong foundation for further medicinal chemistry work in developing organic CO prodrugs.
The effect of a p‐phenylen‐bis‐maleamic acid grafted atactic polypropylene interface agent on the impact properties of iPP/mica composites
Authors: García‐Martínez Jesús María , Taranco Jesús , Collar Emilia P. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe present article is twofold. One of the purposes of this work lies in the study of the impact behavior of the polypropylene/mica system incorporating an interface modifier obtained from an industrial polymerization byproduct. The interface agent used was a p‐phenylen‐bis‐maleamic grafted atactic polypropylene (aPP‐pPBMA) obtained in our labs. The other objective is to obtain a mathematical model capable of forecasting the composite properties accurately. Consequently, this work has been undertaken by using a statistical Box‐Wilson experimental design in order to model the behavior of the composite system in terms of Charpy impact parameters. Two independent variables have been considered, the amount of mica particles and of interface agent. Impact strength, maximum force, and deformation were the dependent variables in the models. The existence of critical values in mica and interface agent optimizing the impact behavior is established. Additionally, an excellent correlation between the impact strength and the strength results coming from flexural and tensile tests is found. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44619.
Degradable epoxy resins based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and silyl ether amine curing agents
Authors: Bassampour Zahra S. , Budy Stephen M. , Son David Y. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTA series of silyl ether amine curing agents were synthesized by selective substitution reactions of chloroalkylsilanes or the transetherification of alkoxysilanes. Crosslinked networks were prepared by mixing a stoichiometric ratio of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (D.E.R 331) with the amine curing agents. The networks were characterized by ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy, TGA, DSC, and DMA. The onset of thermal degradation, glass transition temperatures, and storage moduli for the networks were 350 °C, 70–108 °C, and 5–25 MPa, respectively. The degradation behavior of the cured samples was monitored for 30 days in PBS, NaOH 5% (w/v), and HCl 5% (v/v) solutions and the degradation products were characterized by spectroscopic methods. The thermal, mechanical, and degradation studies indicated that crosslink density, Tg, storage modulus, and the rate of degradation were affected by the functionality of the amine curing agents and the number of hydrolyzable silyl ether bonds present per mole of curing agent. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44620.
Effects of zinc oxide on pretreated multiwalled‐carbon‐nanotube‐reinforced biobased polyesters
Authors: Islam M. R. , Yahaya A. N. , Isa N. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, the effects of the incorporation of microsized zinc oxide (ZnO) on multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐reinforced palm‐oil‐based polyester (POPE) were investigated in terms of the UV absorbability, mechanical strength, thermal stability, surface resistivity, and morphology. POPE was prepared by alcoholysis and an esterification process with glycerol, palm oil, and phthalic anhydride. The MWCNTs were dispersed into POPE under in situ conditions during the esterification reaction, whereas ZnO was distributed into the MWCNT‐filled POPE resin with an ultrasound technique. The surface morphology was examined to understand the dispersion of the fillers inside the polymer matrix with field emission scanning electron microscopy. In addition, UV absorbability was observed with a UV–visible spectrophotometer. From the results analysis, the surface resistivity was found to be unchanged by the presence of the ZnO particles. In addition, incorporation of ZnO improved the UV absorbability. Moreover, the tensile strength of the ZnO‐based POPE was found to be slightly lower compared with that of the MWCNT‐filled POPE. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44627.