bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Classification of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Vocalizations
Authors: Garcia Maxime , Gingras Bruno , Bowling Daniel L. , Herbst Christian T. , Boeckle Markus , Locatelli Yann , Fitch W. Tecumseh 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDetermining whether a species' vocal communication system is graded or discrete requires definition of its vocal repertoire. In this context, research on domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) vocalizations, for example, has led to significant advances in our understanding of communicative functions. Despite their close relation to domestic pigs, little is known about wild boar (Sus scrofa) vocalizations. The few existing studies, conducted in the 1970s, relied on visual inspections of spectrograms to quantify acoustic parameters and lacked statistical analysis. Here, we use objective signal processing techniques and advanced statistical approaches to classify 616 calls recorded from semi‐free ranging animals. Based on four spectral and temporal acoustic parameters—quartile Q25, duration, spectral flux, and spectral flatness—extracted from a multivariate analysis, we refine and extend the conclusions drawn from previous work and present a statistically validated classification of the wild boar vocal repertoire into four call types: grunts, grunt‐squeals, squeals, and trumpets. While the majority of calls could be sorted into these categories using objective criteria, we also found evidence supporting a graded interpretation of some wild boar vocalizations as acoustically continuous, with the extremes representing discrete call types. The use of objective criteria based on modern techniques and statistics in respect to acoustic continuity advances our understanding of vocal variation. Integrating our findings with recent studies on domestic pig vocal behavior and emotions, we emphasize the importance of grunt‐squeals for acoustic approaches to animal welfare and underline the need of further research investigating the role of domestication on animal vocal communication.
Integrin αE(CD103) is induced but plays no pathogenic role in psoriasiform skin lesions of TGFβ1 transgenic mice
Authors: Braun Andrea , Schlickum Stephanie , Dewert Nadin , Schön Margarete , Schön Michael P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractT‐cells expressing αE(CD103), an integrin induced by TGFβ on T‐cells in vitro, accumulate within epithelia in inflammatory disorders, including psoriasis. However, it is unclear, if and how αE(CD103) contributes to skin inflammation. Using two complementary approaches, we have investigated αE(CD103) in psoriasis‐like skin inflammation of mice with transgenic epidermal expression of human TGFβ1: αE(CD103) was inhibited by function‐blocking antibodies in vivo, and double‐mutants with additional αE(CD103)‐depletion were generated in two different genetic backgrounds. Epidermal hTGFβ1 expression was associated with prominent expression of αE(CD103) on infiltrating cells. However, neither treatment with αE(CD103)‐blocking antibodies nor deficiency of αE(CD103) in double‐mutant mice altered the psoriasis‐like phenotype. In addition, histopathological and flow cytometric analyses revealed similar pathological skin alterations and lymphocyte subgroups in the different mouse strains. Thus, while αE(CD103) expression is indeed associated with hTGFβ1 in vivo, it has little, if any, influence on the course of the psoriasis‐like phenotype in K5.hTGFβ1 transgenic mice.
Phenomics analysis of drought responses in Miscanthus collected from different geographical locations
Authors: Malinowska Marta , Donnison Iain S. , Robson Paul R.H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMiscanthus is a genus of C4 perennial grasses capable of high biomass potential even in temperate regions making it an ideal industrial crop for the renewable supply of energy and chemicals. Yield is strongly linked to water availability, and many environments have limited water supply where otherwise irradiation and temperature are favourable. A total of 47 Miscanthus genotypes, diverse regarding collection site and genotype, were screened in a high‐throughput phenomics facility under drought to generate high‐quality time‐course data for biomass accumulation and water use. Plants were subjected to three treatments: a watered control, mild drought (20% of field capacity) and a severe drought (water completely withdrawn). Daily visual spectrum images were calibrated to harvested biomass and used to assess biomass accumulation over the experiment. Image analyses were used to determine growth and senescence as functions of time and treatment, plant survival and to relate responses to geographical data. An accurate prediction of plant biomass (R2 = 0.92***) was made by comparing actual harvested biomass and projected shoot area. Dynamic responses in senescence between the multiple genotypes under the three treatments demonstrated stay‐green and senescence responses were not associated with species. Microclimate/geographical modelling indicated that origin of genotype was associated with drought tolerance and this helped explain the different responses within the same species. Water‐use efficiency (WUE), the amount of dry biomass accumulated per kg of water, correlated with summer rainfall. Phenomic analysis of drought responses was shown to have the potential to improve the selection of breeding candidates in Miscanthus and has identified interesting Miscanthus genotypes combining high biomass and high WUE for further characterization.
Pharmacokinetics of a high‐purity plasma‐derived factor X concentrate in subjects with moderate or severe hereditary factor X deficiency
Authors: Austin S. K. , Brindley C. , Kavakli K. , Norton M. , Shapiro A. ,   the FX Investigators Group
Published: February 2016

IntroductionHereditary factor X (FX) deficiency affects 1:500 000 to 1:1 000 000 of individuals. There are few published data on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of FX for existing treatments for FX deficiency, and no specific replacement factor concentrate exists. A high‐purity plasma‐derived FX concentrate (pdFX) has been developed for use as replacement therapy in subjects with hereditary FX deficiency.AimThis analysis assessed pdFX PK after a single 25 IU kg−1 bolus dose in subjects with hereditary moderate or severe FX deficiency (plasma FX activity [FX:C] <5 IU dL−1).MethodsFor a baseline PK assessment, blood samples were taken predose and at intervals up to 144 h (7 days) post dose. After ≥6 months of on‐demand pdFX treatment and treatment of ≥1 bleed with pdFX, subjects underwent repeat PK assessment. Samples were assayed for plasma FX:C (measured using the clotting and chromogenic assays) and FX antigen.ResultsFX:C peaked at 0.4–0.5 h and subsequently declined over the course of 144 h with a biphasic decay curve. PK parameters observed at the baseline (n = 16) and repeat (n = 15) assessments were equivalent, therefore summary PK values were obtained by combining data from both visits (n = 31). The mean terminal half‐life and incremental recovery of pdFX was 29.4 h and 2.00 IU dL−1 per IU kg−1 respectively.ConclusionThis is the most comprehensive PK study to date in subjects with hereditary FX deficiency. These results are consistent with the observed haemostatic efficacy of pdFX and provide the PK data required for the treatment of hereditary FX deficiency using pdFX replacement therapy.
Design and application of a 23‐gene panel by next‐generation sequencing for inherited coagulation bleeding disorders
Authors: Bastida J. M. , del Rey M. , Lozano M. L. , Sarasquete M. E. , Benito R. , Fontecha M. E. , Fisac R. , García‐Frade L. J. , Aguilar C. , Martínez M. P. , Pardal E. , Aguilera C. , Pérez B. , Ramos R. , Cardesa M. R. , Martin‐Antorán J. M. , Silvestre L. A. , Cebeira M. J. , Bermejo N. , Riesco S. , Mendoza M. C. , García‐Sanz R. , González‐Díaz M. , Hernández‐Rivas J. M. , González‐Porras J. R. 
Published: February 2016

IntroductionMolecular testing of Inherited bleeding coagulation disorders (IBCDs) not only offers confirmation of diagnosis but also aids in genetic counselling, prenatal diagnosis and in certain cases genotype–phenotype correlations are important for predicting the clinical course of the disease and to allow tailor‐made follow‐up of individuals. Until recently, genotyping has been mainly performed by Sanger sequencing, a technique known to be time consuming and expensive. Currently, next‐generation sequencing (NGS) offers a new potential approach that enables the simultaneous investigation of multiple genes at manageable cost.AimThe aim of this study was to design and to analyse the applicability of a 23‐gene NGS panel in the molecular diagnosis of patients with IBCDs.MethodsA custom target enrichment library was designed to capture 31 genes known to be associated with IBCDs. Probes were generated for 296 targets to cover 86.3 kb regions (all exons and flanking regions) of these genes. Twenty patients with an IBCDs phenotype were studied using NGS technology.ResultsIn all patients, our NGS approach detected causative mutations. Twenty‐one pathogenic variants were found; while most of them were missense (18), three deletions were also identified. Six novel mutations affecting F8, FGA, F11, F10 and VWF genes, and 15 previously reported variants were detected. NGS and Sanger sequencing were 100% concordant.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that this approach could be an accurate, reproducible and reliable tool in the rapid genetic diagnosis of IBCDs.
The Barriers of Access to Selective Universities in Russia
Authors: Prakhov Ilya 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the characteristics of students admitted to Russian universities with different levels of selectivity. First, we argue that students differ not only by the results of the Unified State Exam (USE), the university entrance exam, but by family and school characteristics, and by educational strategies. Next, it is shown that the probability of being admitted to the most selective HEIs is determined not only by the USE scores, but by characteristics that are not directly related to the applicants’ abilities, such as class specialisation in secondary schools, and high school location. Moreover, we have found that income has an indirect impact on the admission results: a higher level of income increases the probability of being admitted to highly selective universities through the level of investment in pre‐entry coaching and the regional differences in wages. On the other hand, regional differences in costs of living decrease the opportunities of studying in selective universities. Hence, schooling and financial barriers without alternative student support can limit the participation of less affluent students in selective universities.
Abiraterone acetate for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer after docetaxel failure: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 3 bridging study
Authors: Sun Yinghao , Zou Qing , Sun Zhongquan , Li Changling , Du Chuanjun , Chen Zhiwen , Shan Yuxi , Huang Yiran , Jin Jie , Ye Zhang Qun , Xie Liping , Lin Guowen , Feng Yi , De Porre Peter , Liu Weiping , Ye Dingwei 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of abiraterone acetate‐prednisone versus placebo‐prednisone in Asian metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients who have failed docetaxel‐based chemotherapy.MethodsIn this double‐blind, phase 3 study from China, 214 patients were randomized (2:1) to abiraterone acetate 1000 mg once daily plus prednisone 5 mg twice daily and placebo plus prednisone 5 mg twice daily in 28‐day treatment cycles.ResultsAbiraterone acetate–prednisone treatment significantly decreased prostate‐specific antigen progression risk by 49%, with longer median time to prostate‐specific antigen progression of 5.55 months versus 2.76 months in the placebo‐prednisone group (hazard ratio 0.506, P = 0.0001, primary end‐point). There was a strong trend for improved overall survival in the abiraterone acetate–prednisone group, with a 40% decrease in the risk of death (hazard ratio 0.604, P = 0.0597); however, median survival was not reached in either group because of the short follow‐up period (12.9 months) and limited number of observed death events. The prostate‐specific antigen response rate was higher in the abiraterone–prednisone group (49.7%) than in the placebo–prednisone group (14.1%). A total of 37.1% patients in this group had pain progression events compared with 50.7% in the placebo–prednisone group. Abiraterone–prednisone significantly decreased the risk of pain progression by 50% (hazard ratio 0.496, P = 0.0014). The incidence of adverse events was similar between the two groups; the most common adverse events being anemia (25.9% for abiraterone–prednisone vs 22.5% for placebo–prednisone), hypokalemia (25.9% and 11.3%), bone pain (23.8% and 21.1%), hypertension (16.1% and 12.7%) and increased aspartate aminotransferase (14.7% and 15.5%), respectively.ConclusionsAbiraterone–prednisone significantly delays disease and pain progression, and prostate‐specific antigen, with a favorable benefit–risk ratio in Asian metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients in the post‐docetaxel setting.
Patient physiological status at the emergency department–ward interface and emergency calls for clinical deterioration during early hospital admission
Authors: Considine Julie , Jones Daryl , Pilcher David , Currey Judy 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimsTo examine the relationship between physiological status at the emergency department–ward interface and emergency calls (medical emergency team or cardiac arrest team activation) during the first 72 hours of hospital admission.BackgroundWard adverse events are related to abnormal physiology in emergency department however the relationship between physiology at the emergency department–ward interface and ward adverse events is unknown.DesignDescriptive and exploratory design.MethodsThe study involved 1980 patients at three hospitals in Melbourne Australia: i) 660 randomly selected adults admitted via the emergency department to medical or surgical wards during 2012 and who had an emergency call; and ii) 1320 adults without emergency calls matched for gender, triage category, usual residence, admitting unit and age.Results/findingsThe median age was 78 years and 48·8% were males. The median time to the first emergency call was 18·8 hours and ≥1 abnormal parameters were documented in 34·9% of patients during the last hour ofEDcare and 47·1% of patients during first hour of ward care. Emergency calls were significantly more common in patients with heart rate and conscious state abnormalities during the last hour of emergency care and abnormal oxygen saturation, heart rate or respiratory rate during the first hour of ward care. Medical emergency team afferent limb failure occurred in 55·3% patients with medical emergency team activation criteria during first hour of ward care.ConclusionThe use of physiological status at the emergency department–ward interface to guide care planning and reasons for and outcomes of medical emergency team afferent limb failure are important areas for future research.
A randomized controlled trial of the effect of a photographic display with and without music on pre‐operative anxiety
Authors: Gómez‐Urquiza Jose L. , Hueso‐Montoro César , Urquiza‐Olmo Josefa , Ibarrondo‐Crespo Rocío , González‐Jiménez Emilio , Schmidt‐Riovalle Jacqueline 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimsTo determine the effectiveness of photographic display at reducing pre‐operative anxiety in an ear, nose and throat surgery unit; alone and in combination with music.BackgroundThe waiting time prior to the surgery is often unpleasant and a time of anxiety for patients. Anxiety can affect physical recovery and psychological well‐being; lengthening convalescence and hospital stay after the surgery. Improving pre‐operative anxiety is a challenge with potential impacts on improving patients' satisfaction and well‐being and decreasing the cost of care.DesignA clinical trial was conducted with two intervention groups and one control group.MethodsThe sample consisted of 180 subjects from the otolaryngology major ambulatory surgery unit in a tertiary hospital in the province of Granada, with 60 subjects per group. The outcome variables measured were state anxiety, heart and respiratory rate and blood pressure. The data were collected from May–December 2013.ResultsAfter the intervention, in the comparison between control group and photographic display group, all variables had lower means in the intervention group, although a significant P value was only obtained for respiratory rate using one‐way anova test. When comparing control group and photographic display combined with music group, using one‐way anova test, all mean values were lower in the intervention group and a significant P value were observed for all variables except diastolic blood pressure.ConclusionPhotographic display in combination with music is more effective at reducing pre‐operative anxiety than the standard intervention and photographic display alone.
Preferences of Lay Persons and Dental Professionals Regarding the Recurring Esthetic Dental Proportion
Authors: Pitel Mark L. , Raley‐Susman Kathleen M. , Rubinov Alexander 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the preferences of dental professionals and lay persons with respect to the Recurring Esthetic Dental (RED) Proportion, an objective mathematical tool used in treatment planning the “apparent” widths of maxillary anterior teeth.Materials and MethodsStock dentofacial and facial images of a prototypical smiling male and female were digitally altered to demonstrate five different RED proportion relationships (0.62, 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, and 0.80). Four sets of the five altered images were presented to dental professionals and lay persons using a web‐based survey site. The professional group included dentists and dental laboratory technicians. The lay group included anyone without previous dental education or experience. Study participants were asked to rank each series from most to least esthetic and their preferences were extracted from the data.ResultsPreference data from the five RED proportion relationships was consolidated into two categories: a narrow group including 0.62, 0.65, and 0.70 and a broad group including 0.75 and 0.80. Analysis shows that the level of professional training or experience does not play a significant role in the RED proportion preferences of study participants. Only in the prototypical male facial views was there any significant difference between professional and lay groups. For that view, a greater percentage of the layperson group preferred the narrow RED proportions. However, for the male dentofacial views that difference disappeared and both participant groups showed a slight preference for the broad proportion category. This may be due to the traditional esthetic stereotype for males to have broader, more vigorous appearing anterior teeth. For the prototypical female images, all participants expressed a clear, statistically significant preference for the narrower RED proportions in both full face and close up views.ConclusionsBased on the results above, dental professionals who are developing a treatment plan should attempt to utilize a RED proportion ≤ 0.70 for both male and female patients.Clinical SignificanceThe RED proportion is an objective numeric tool for relating the apparent widths of maxillary anterior teeth. It may be used by dental professionals to help diagnose and develop an optimal esthetic treatment plan. This paper offers insight into whether there are specific RED proportions that are preferred, whether there is a difference in preference when considering the male or female smile and whether professional educational training changes those preferences.
Guillain‐Barré syndrome in the elderly
Authors: Peric Stojan , Berisavac Ivana , Stojiljkovic Tamas Olivera , Rajic Sonja , Babic Milica , Cvijanovic Milan , Dominovic‐Kovacevic Aleksandra , Basta Ivana , Beslac‐Bumbasirevic Ljiljana , Lavrnic Dragana 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe aim of the study was to analyze specific features of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) in old people. The study included 403 GBS patients (62% young [<60 years], 35% young‐old [60–80 years], and 3% old‐old [>80 years]). Diagnosis of GBS was made according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS criteria). Severe disability (GBS disability score of >3) at nadir was more common in old compared with young patients (p = 0.0001) as was mortality (9% vs. 2%, respectively). Acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy and hyponatremia were more common in old compared with young patients (12% vs. 6% and 27% vs. 18%, respectively, p = 0.04). A positive history for malignancy was more than three times more common in old than young patients (11% vs. 3%, respectively, p = 0.01). Disability on nadir was similar in young‐old and old‐old subjects with disability on discharge being more severe in old‐old (p = 0.04) suggesting slower recovery in this subgroup. Bulbar symptoms were more common in old‐old compared with young‐old (50% vs. 19%, respectively, p = 0.01). Comorbidities were present in virtually all old‐old patients compared with 66% of young‐old patients (p = 0.04). In conclusion, Elderly patients, and especially old‐old patients, with GBS have more severe disease with slower recovery than do younger patients.
A review of trabecular bone functional adaptation: what have we learned from trabecular analyses in extant hominoids and what can we apply to fossils?
Authors: Kivell Tracy L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMany of the unresolved debates in palaeoanthropology regarding evolution of particular locomotor or manipulative behaviours are founded in differing opinions about the functional significance of the preserved external fossil morphology. However, the plasticity of internal bone morphology, and particularly trabecular bone, allowing it to respond to mechanical loading during life means that it can reveal greater insight into how a bone or joint was used during an individual's lifetime. Analyses of trabecular bone have been commonplace for several decades in a human clinical context. In contrast, the study of trabecular bone as a method for reconstructing joint position, joint loading and ultimately behaviour in extant and fossil non‐human primates is comparatively new. Since the initial 2D studies in the late 1970s and 3D analyses in the 1990s, the utility of trabecular bone to reconstruct behaviour in primates has grown to incorporate experimental studies, expanded taxonomic samples and skeletal elements, and improved methodologies. However, this work, in conjunction with research on humans and non‐primate mammals, has also revealed the substantial complexity inherent in making functional inferences from variation in trabecular architecture. This review addresses the current understanding of trabecular bone functional adaptation, how it has been applied to hominoids, as well as other primates and, ultimately, how this can be used to better interpret fossil hominoid and hominin morphology. Because the fossil record constrains us to interpreting function largely from bony morphology alone, and typically from isolated bones, analyses of trabecular structure, ideally in conjunction with that of cortical structure and external morphology, can offer the best resource for reconstructing behaviour in the past.