The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood pressure control in patients with treated hypertension-results of the European Society of Hypertension Study (ESH ABPM COVID-19 Study)
Authors: Wojciechowska Wiktoria , Rajzer Marek , Kreutz Reinhold , Weber Thomas , Bursztyn Michael , Persu Alexandre , Stergiou George , Parati Gianfranco , Bilo Grzegorz , Pac Agnieszka , Grassi Guido , Mancia Giuseppe , Januszewicz Andrzej , Chrostowska Marzena , Narkiewicz Krzysztof , Dubiela Andżelina , Doumas Michaelis , Imprialos Konstantinos , Stavropoulos Konstantinos , de Freminville Jean-Baptiste , Azizi Michel , Cunha Pedro Guimarães , Lewandowski Jacek , Strzelczyk Jakub , Wuerzner Gregoire , Gosk-Przybyłek Maria , Szwench-Pietrasz Elżbieta , Prejbisz Aleksander , Van der Niepen Patricia , Kahan Thomas , Jekell Andreas , Spaak Jonas , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Ehret Georg , Doroszko Adrian , Kubalski Piotr , Polonia Jorge , Styczkiewicz Katarzyna , Styczkiewicz Marek , Mazur Stanisław , Veglio Franco , Rabbia Franco , Eula Elisabetta , Águila Fernando Jaen , Sarzani Riccardo , Spannella Francesco , Jarai Zoltan , Papadopoulos Dimitrios , Lopez-Sublet Marilucy , Ostrowska Aleksandra , Grassos Charalampos , Kahrimanidis Ioannis , Eugenia Gkaliagkousi , Areti Triantafyllou , Tomasz Grodzicki , Barbara Wizner , Aleksandra Seweryn , Beata Moczulska , Angeliki Ntineri , Robles Nicolas Roberto , Widmiski Jiri , Zbroch Edyta ,   ESH ABPM COVID-19 Study Investigators (Excellence Centres of the European Society of Hypertension)
Published: September 2024

Background:
We aimed to determine the influence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on blood pressure (BP) control assessed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).

Methods:
Office BP and ABPM data from two visits conducted within a 9–15 months interval were collected from patients treated for hypertension. In the prepandemic group, both visits took place before, while in the pandemic group, Visit-1 was done before and Visit-2 during the pandemic period.

Results:
Of 1811 collected patients 191 were excluded because they did not meet the required ABPM time frames. Thus, the study comprised 704 patients from the pandemic and 916 from the prepandemic group. Groups did not differ in sex, age, duration of hypertension, frequency of first line antihypertensive drug use and mean 24 h BP on Visit-1. The prevalence of sustained uncontrolled hypertension was similar in both groups. On Visit-2 mean 24 h BP, daytime and nighttime systolic BP and diastolic BP were higher in the pandemic compared to the prepandemic group (P < 0.034). The prevalence of sustained uncontrolled hypertension on Visit-2 was higher in the pandemic than in the prepandemic group [0.29 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.26–0.33) vs. 0.25 (95% CI: 0.22–0.28), P < 0.037]. In multivariable adjusted analyses a significant difference in BP visit-to-visit change was observed, with a more profound decline in BP between visits in the prepandemic group.

Conclusions:
This study using ABPM indicates a negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on BP control. It emphasizes the need of developing strategies to maintain BP control during a pandemic such as the one induced by COVID-19.