bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretable Classification Models for Recidivism Prediction
Authors: Zeng Jiaming , Ustun Berk , Rudin Cynthia 
Published: September 2016

SummaryWe investigate a long-debated question, which is how to create predictive models of recidivism that are sufficiently accurate, transparent and interpretable to use for decision making. This question is complicated as these models are used to support different decisions, from sentencing, to determining release on probation to allocating preventative social services. Each case might have an objective other than classification accuracy, such as a desired true positive rate TPR or false positive rate FPR. Each (TPR, FPR) pair is a point on the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. We use popular machine learning methods to create models along the full ROC curve on a wide range of recidivism prediction problems. We show that many methods (support vector machines, stochastic gradient boosting and ridge regression) produce equally accurate models along the full ROC curve. However, methods that are designed for interpretability (classification and regression trees and C5.0) cannot be tuned to produce models that are accurate and/or interpretable. To handle this shortcoming, we use a recent method called supersparse linear integer models to produce accurate, transparent and interpretable scoring systems along the full ROC curve. These scoring systems can be used for decision making for many different use cases, since they are just as accurate as the most powerful black box machine learning models for many applications, but completely transparent, and highly interpretable.
The Intention–Behavior Gap
Authors: Sheeran Paschal , Webb Thomas L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBitter personal experience and meta‐analysis converge on the conclusion that people do not always do the things that they intend to do. This paper synthesizes research on intention–behavior relations to address questions such as: How big is the intention–behavior gap? When are intentions more or less likely to get translated into action? What kinds of problems prevent people from realizing their intentions? And what strategies show promise in closing the intention–behavior gap and helping people do the things that they intend to do?
Spatial and temporal variability of physical properties of Aquands under different land uses in southern Chile
Authors: Dörner José , Dec Dorota , Thiers Oscar , Paulino Leandro , Zúñiga Felipe , Valle Susana , Martínez Oscar , Horn Rainer 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aquands found in southern Chile are derived from volcanic ash and contain high levels of organic matter. Due to the presence of an impermeable stratum, they have shallow soil profiles, which induce waterlogging for several months each year. These fragile soils, locally known as ‘Ñadi’, cover an area of 475 000 hectares and have undergone intensive land use changes, which have affected the soil physical properties. These are still not well understood but are relevant for the design of efficient drainage systems. The aim of this research was to analyse the impact of the land use change in Ñadi soils on the spatial and temporal variability of their soil physical properties. For the land use change from secondary native forest (sNF) to naturalized grassland (NG), the effective soil depth was measured at defined points. Time‐ and space‐dependent changes of water‐table depth and penetration resistance were recorded. Volumetric water content and soil temperature were measured with sensors installed at three depths and the water retention curve and air permeability at these depths were also determined. The changes in land use over time have induced a reduction in soil depth. Soils under NG showed a smaller soil water storage capacity, air capacity and permeability compared with soils under sNF, as well as waterlogging during winter and greater mechanical strength and soil profile temperatures during summer. Therefore, the land use change affected the spatial and temporal variability of soil physical functions across the field.
Effects of ridge‐furrow and plastic mulching planting patterns on microflora and potato tuber yield in continuous cropping soil
Authors: Qin S. , Yeboah S. , Wang D. , Zhang J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPlanting patterns have distinctive effects on the soil micro‐ecological environment and soil quality. To explore the effects of film mulch ridge‐furrow (FMRF) cropping on soil microbial properties and potato yield, a study was conducted in 2013 and 2014 in a continuously cropped field under nonfilm‐mulched flat plot (CK), half‐mulched flat plot (T1), fully mulched ridge cropping (T2), fully mulched furrow cropping (T3), half‐mulched ridge cropping (T4) and half‐mulched furrow cropping (T5) planting patterns. Our results indicate that T3 increased the average bacteria/fungi (B/F) ratio by 253% compared to CK. On average, half‐mulched ridge cropping increased the bacteria population and aerobic Azotobacter by 9 and 19%, respectively, compared with CK. On average, T3 had the greatest inhibitory effect on fungi populations. Half‐mulched furrow cropping had the most anaerobic Azotobacter and nitrifying bacteria. The study showed that FMRF increased soil bacteria, especially Azotobacter but reduced fungi and actinomycetes. Treatment T2 gave the greatest potato yield, followed by T4, whereas the greatest biomass yield was recorded in T4. Full‐mulch furrow cropping methods produced the greatest nutrient use efficiency. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of soil microbe and plant responses to plastic mulch and planting patterns under semi‐arid conditions.
The oldest known clerid fossils from theMiddleJurassic ofChina, with a review ofCleridae systematics (Coleoptera)
Authors: KOLIBÁČ JIŘÍ , HUANG DIYING 
Published: September 2016

Abstract.Three fossil beetles recorded fromInnerMongolia,China (Callovian,MiddleJurassic, approximately 165 Ma) are assigned toCleridae and constitute the earliest known representatives of this family. Two of the fossils are described asProtoclerus korynetoidesgen. et sp.n.and the third asWangweiella callovianagen. et sp.n.Ninety‐six morphological characters of the larvae and adults of 17 extant clerid representatives and seven cleroid families as outgroups were analysed under maximum parsimony with, and without, fossil species included in the matrix. The results indicate thatProtoclerusgen.n.is a separate lineage within the family, whereasWangweiellagen.n.is sister to the rest ofEpiclininae. The resulting trees are compared with the most recent morphological and molecular phylogenies ofCleridae. The trees presented appear congruent with the latest molecular phylogenies. The evolution ofCleridae, as well as their biogeography and systematics, are briefly reviewed. A complete list of clerid fossil species described to date is provided.This published work has been registered in ZooBank,http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:32240D3D-2A7A-41F6-B485-A66F2265CB8A.
Circulating hsa‐miR‐30e‐5p, hsa‐miR‐92a‐3p, and hsa‐miR‐223‐3p may be novel biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kim B.‐S. , Jung J.‐Y. , Jeon J.‐Y. , Kim H.‐A. , Suh C.‐H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level, which can be measured in cells, tissues, and body fluids including plasma. Differences in miRNA expression levels suggest an epigenetic mechanism and changed expression levels are emerging as a novel biomarker for various diseases. We attempted to identify circulating miRNAs associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the Korean population and elucidate their significance for clinical phenotype. An expression profiling analysis using miRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array was conducted with pooled miRNA from 10 patients with SLE and 10 healthy controls (HCs). Nine miRNAs were differentially expressed between the SLE and HC. To verify this, we performed quantitative PCR for various miRNA from SLE patients (n = 70) and HCs (n = 40). The hsa‐miR‐30e‐5p, hsa‐miR‐92a‐3p, and hsa‐miR‐223‐3p were significantly up‐regulated in plasma of SLE patients (P = 0.048, P = 0.039, and P = 0.046, respectively). Especially, the hsa‐miR‐223‐3p was significantly associated with oral ulcer (P < 0.001) and lupus anticoagulant (P = 0.031). Thus, plasma hsa‐miR‐30e‐5p, hsa‐miR‐92a‐3p, and hsa‐miR‐223‐3p may be promising novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and clinical manifestation of SLE.
The Arabidopsis UDP‐glycosyltransferases UGT79B2 and UGT79B3, contribute to cold, salt and drought stress tolerance via modulating anthocyanin accumulation
Authors: Li Pan , Li Yan‐Jie , Zhang Feng‐Ju , Zhang Gui‐Zhi , Jiang Xiao‐Yi , Yu Hui‐Min , Hou Bing‐Kai 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe plant family 1 UDP‐glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are the biggest GT family in plants, which are responsible for transferring sugar moieties onto a variety of small molecules, and control many metabolic processes; however, their physiological significance in planta is largely unknown. Here, we revealed that two Arabidopsis glycosyltransferase genes, UGT79B2 and UGT79B3, could be strongly induced by various abiotic stresses, including cold, salt and drought stresses. Overexpression of UGT79B2/B3 significantly enhanced plant tolerance to low temperatures as well as drought and salt stresses, whereas the ugt79b2/b3 double mutants generated by RNAi (RNA interference) and CRISPR‐Cas9 strategies were more susceptible to adverse conditions. Interestingly, the expression of UGT79B2 and UGT79B3 is directly controlled by CBF1 (CRT/DRE‐binding factor 1, also named DREB1B) in response to low temperatures. Furthermore, we identified the enzyme activities of UGT79B2/B3 in adding UDP‐rhamnose to cyanidin and cyanidin 3‐O‐glucoside. Ectopic expression of UGT79B2/B3 significantly increased the anthocyanin accumulation, and enhanced the antioxidant activity in coping with abiotic stresses, whereas the ugt79b2/b3 double mutants showed reduced anthocyanin levels. When overexpressing UGT79B2/B3 in tt18 (transparent testa 18), a mutant that cannot synthesize anthocyanins, both genes fail to improve plant adaptation to stress. Taken together, we demonstrate that UGT79B2 and UGT79B3, identified as anthocyanin rhamnosyltransferases, are regulated by CBF1 and confer abiotic stress tolerance via modulating anthocyanin accumulation.
Assessment of method reliability and determination of reference intervals for rotational thromboelastometry in horses
Authors: Junge Hannah K. , Ringer Simone K. , Mayer Nathalie , Schwarzwald Colin C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the measurement reliability of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) measurements in horses, establish reference intervals for healthy horses, and evaluate the relationship between ROTEM variables, hematologic variables, and standard coagulation tests.DesignProspective observational study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsFifty healthy and 10 diseased adult horses.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsBlood was sampled from 10 healthy and 10 diseased horses and samples were repeatedly analyzed to evaluate measurement reliability of various ROTEM variables. Four different ROTEM assays (ie, EXTEM, INTEM, FIBTEM, and APTEM) were run simultaneously under standardized conditions. The device‐related, operator‐related, and day‐to‐day variability for the majority of ROTEM variables was very low to low, as indicated by a coefficient of variation (CV) of < 15%. Most of test‐retest variability of ROTEM variables appeared to be device‐related. Blood samples from 50 clinically healthy horses were used to establish reference intervals for ROTEM variables. Multiple stepwise regression analyses identified associations of different ROTEM variables with hematocrit, total protein concentration, fibrinogen concentration, platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time.ConclusionsROTEM is a feasible method to evaluate coagulation in horses. Its measurement reliability is acceptable, but device‐related measurement variability has to be considered. Reference intervals are presented, but the influence of hematocrit, platelet count, and fibrinogen concentration may need to be taken into account when interpreting individual test results.
Defining colloid osmotic pressure and the relationship between blood proteins and colloid osmotic pressure in dairy cows and calves
Authors: Kish Jennifer L. , McGuirk Sheila M. , Friedrichs Kristen R. , Peek Simon F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the reference interval for colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in neonatal and adult cattle and to investigate associations between COP and total protein, albumin, or globulin in the two populations sampled.DesignCross‐sectional observational study.SettingAnimals were sampled on commercial dairy farms in Southern Wisconsin, and samples were processed and analyzed in a clinical pathology laboratory at a university teaching hospital.AnimalsForty adult lactating Holstein cows between 2 and 4 years of age and 40 healthy Holstein calves of both sexes between 2 and 7 days of age.InterventionsAdult cows were sampled by coccygeal venipuncture into standard heparinized vacutainer tubes, calves were sampled by jugular venipuncture also into heparinized vacutainer tubes.Measurements and Main ResultsFor adult cows, the mean COP was 22.52 mm Hg, with a standard deviation of 1.0. For calves, the mean COP was 19.6 mm Hg, with a standard deviation of 1.9. Good correlation was demonstrated in adults between COP and albumin concentrations (r2= 0.72) and between COP and both total protein concentration (r2= 0.74) and globulin (r2= 0.65) in calves. For adults, regression plots established best fit relationships of COP = 0.472 (albumin) + 6.49, whereas for calves, two regression equations could be described; COP = 0.305 (globulin) + 8.62, and 0.268 (total plasma protein) + 2.73.ConclusionsSuggested normal ranges (mean ± 2 standard deviations) for COP in adult lactating dairy cows and calves between 2 and 7 days of age were 21–25 mm Hg and 17–23 mm Hg, respectively.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of oral rivaroxaban in healthy adult cats
Authors: Dixon‐Jimenez Amy C. , Brainard Benjamin M. , Brooks Marjory B. , Nie Ben , Arnold Robert D. , Loper Daniel , Abrams Jessica C. , Rapoport Gregg S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban (RVX), in healthy cats and to evaluate the clinicopathologic effects of various plasma RVX concentrations within target therapeutic ranges established for people.DesignProspective randomized cross‐over study performed between July 2013 and November 2014.SettingVeterinary university teaching hospital.AnimalsSix healthy adult domestic shorthair cats (3 males, 3 females).InterventionsCats were treated with oral RVX at single, fixed doses (1.25, 2.5, 5 mg PO), q 12 h for 3 days (1.25 mg); q 24 h for 7 days (2.5 mg); and q 24 h for 28 days (1.25 mg). Blood samples were collected for complete blood count, blood chemistry, and RVX anticoagulant activity based on prolongation of dilute prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), activated Factor X (FXa) inhibition (anti‐Xa activity [aXa]) and high‐pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry determination of drug concentration.Measurements and Main ResultsTreated cats had no signs of hemorrhage or clinicopathologic off‐target adverse effects. There were dose‐dependent prolongations of coagulation times and increase in aXa, with peak effect at 3 hours postadministration. There was a direct correlation between plasma RVX concentration and dilute prothrombin time and aXa. Coagulation parameters returned to baseline by 24 hours after the last dose.ConclusionsOral RVX was well tolerated by healthy cats with predictable pharmacokinetics and anticoagulant effects. Clinical studies of RVX are warranted in cats with heart disease.
Evaluation of Three Human Cervical Fusion Implants for Use in the Canine Cervical Vertebral Column
Authors: Morrison Emily J. , Litsky Alan S. , Allen Matthew J. , Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Hettlich Bianca F. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo assess technical feasibility and mechanical properties of 3 locking plate designs (Zero‐P, Zero‐P VA, and Uniplate 2) for use in the canine cervical spine.Study DesignProspective ex vivo study.AnimalsCadaver cervical spines from skeletally mature large breed dogs (n = 18).MethodsSpecimens were screened using radiography and allocated into balanced groups based on bone density. Stiffness of intact C4–C5 vertebral motion units was measured in extension, flexion, and lateral bending using nondestructive 4‐point bend testing. Uniplate 2 was then implanted at C4–C5 and mechanical testing was repeated. Mechanical test data were compared against those from 6 spines implanted with monocortical screws, an allograft ring spacer, and PMMA.ResultsThe Zero‐P and Zero‐P VA systems could not be surgically implanted due to anatomical constraints in the vertebral column sizes of the canine cervical spines used in this study. Fixation with Uniplate 2 or with screws/PMMA significantly increased stiffness of the C4–C5 vertebral motion units compared to unaltered specimens (P < .001) in extension. Stiffness of the titanium screw/PMMA fixation was significantly greater than the Uniplate 2 construct in extension. Flexion and lateral bending could not be evaluated in 3 of 6 specimens in the Uniplate 2 group due to failure at the bone/implant interface during extension testing.ConclusionFixation with Uniplate 2 was biomechanically inferior to screws/PMMA. Particularly concerning was the incidence of vertebral fracture after several testing cycles. Based on our results, Zero‐P, Zero‐P VA, and Uniplate 2 cannot be recommended for use in dogs requiring cervical fusion.
Removal of Cr, Ni and Co in the water of chromium mining areas by using Lemna gibba L. and Lemna minor L
Authors: Sasmaz Ahmet , Dogan Ibrahim Mete , Sasmaz Merve 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the use of Lemna gibba and Lemna minor plant species to absorb Cr, Ni and Co from Alacakaya mining area water. Lemna gibba and L. minor were separately placed to feed into two reactors. Water and plant samples were collected for eight consecutive days, and the pH, electric conductivity and temperature of the water were measured. The plants were washed, dried and burned at 300°C for 24 h in a drying oven. The samples were then analysed by ICP‐MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy) for concentrations of Cr, Ni and Co, which were 1.2, 0.9 and 0.5 μg L−1 respectively. On Day 8, the determined uptake of L. gibba and L. minor were: 196 and 398% for Cr; 307 and 1473% for Ni; and 166 and 223% for Co respectively. Lemna gibba and L. minor were thus effective in absorbing Cr, Ni and Co from mining water.
A practical procedure for the microbiological monitoring of activated sludge plant functioning
Authors: Castillo González Eduardo , De Medina Salas Lorena , Contreras Gutiérrez Alejandra 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe activated sludge process is one of the most used procedures for removing organic materials and nutrients from wastewater. In this article, microbiological monitoring was applied to supervise the functioning of an activated sludge plant. Samples were taken weekly at three points: aeration tank, returned sludge and effluent. Identification of four functional groups of microorganisms, Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, protozoa, metazoa and algae in fresh specimen investigation were used to assess the performance of the plant. The results revealed that initially there were undesirable microorganisms in the aeration tank and in the returned sludge. The density of these organisms was reduced and replaced by Gram‐negative bacteria, ciliates, rotifers and nematodes, which was an indication of stabilization. The microbiological analysis using groups of microorganisms for assessment of the functioning of the activated sludge plant proved to be a reliable, simple and inexpensive method for monitoring the start‐up and operation of plants.
Comisiones de la Verdad y posibles aprendizajes para el caso colombiano.
Authors: Millán Hernández Juanita Andrea 
Published: September 2016

<p>Las comisiones de la verdad han sido empleadas como una de las herramientas de la justicia transicional para coadyuvar en el proceso de la verdad, la justicia y la reparación de las víctimas. Las especificidades de diversas formas y modelos<br />de comisiones de la verdad pueden ser de ayuda frente a la posibilidad de tener en Colombia una comisión de la verdad que dé cuenta de los hechos ocurridos en el marco del conflicto armado interno.</p><p> </p>
Discursive frictions: the transitional justice paradigm, land restitution and gender in Colombia.
Authors: Meertens Donalda Jeanine 
Published: September 2016

<p><strong>En la transición hacia un estado “pos-acuerdos de paz” en Colombia se crean unos escenarios particulares en los cuales el modelo universal de la Justicia Transicional, implementado a través de la política pública, en este caso la de la restitución de tierras, se encuentra con diversos elementos de lo local. Esto es entendido no sólo en su acepción material de tierra y territorio, sino como una perspectiva desde la cual se conjugan discursos sobre la sociedad campesina, la familia, el género, la justicia y el desarrollo. En el siguiente texto analizamos los (des)encuentros entre los diferentes discursos de género, con miras a la capacidad transformadora de la Ley de Víctimas y Restitución de Tierras, en materia de justicia de género. Para el análisis se emplea el concepto de fricciones, que nos permitirá ver las interacciones complejas, los conflictos ocultos y los resultados ambiguos, pero también las nuevas posibilidades de agencia. </strong></p>
The Long Road to State-Building in Latin America and its Impact on Regionalization Processes
Authors: Pastrana Buelvas Eduardo , Castro Alegría Rafael Fernando 
Published: September 2016

<p><span>El artículo aborda, desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria, el impacto que el largo y tortuoso proceso de construcción del Estado en Latinoamérica ha tenido sobre la forma en que se han desarrollado los procesos de regionalización en el subcontinente. Primero, se contrastan las ideas clásicas y contemporáneas sobre la soberanía, a fin de establecer de forma diferenciada la manera en que dicho principio, desde una perspectiva histórica, ha tomado forma en la construcción del Estado y en la concreción de procesos de regionalización tanto en Latinoamérica como en Europa. Segundo, se presentan los elementos generales del pensamiento sobre la integración europea conectándolos con su experiencia histórica. Tercero, se interpreta el proceso de construcción de los Estados nación latinoamericanos y el impacto que haN tenido en su renuencia a ceder soberanía a entes supranacionales. Cuarto, se destaca el rol que han desempeñado ideas, tales como el panamericanismo, latinoamericanismo, suramericanismo y bolivarismo en el desarrollo de los procesos de regionalización en Latinoamérica. Quinto, se definen los rasgos característicos de las tres olas de integración y la renuencia de los Estados latinoamericanos a transferir soberanía a las arquitecturas de gobernanza regional. Sexto, se<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>compara el concepto de soberanía en América Latina y en Europa así como el impacto que ha tenido en sus respectivos procesos de regionalización. Finalmente a partir de la compresión de la problemática del proceso inconcluso de construcción del Estado en Latinoamérica, se evalúan las perspectivas de desarrollo de los procesos de regionalización actuales.</span></p>