bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral Dynamic Impedances of Pile Embedded in Saturated Soil Considering Local Debonding at the Pile–Soil Interface
Authors: Ding Nansheng , Ding Zhaowei , Zhao Qihua 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAn analytical solution based on the infinite layer theory of Novak and Biot's consolidation equation is developed in this study to evaluate the impact of local debonding occurring at the pile–soil interface. The potential functions are employed to decouple the differential equations that govern the soil deformations, while the dynamic resistances of soil are determined from the boundary conditions at the pile–soil interface in accordance with computational theory for mixed boundary problems. The Adomian decomposition method is introduced to obtain the dynamic impedances of pile. The effects of local debonding on the dynamic resistances of soil are investigated by comparing the results from the present solution with available schemes based on perfect contact assumption. The influences of pile–soil modulus ratio, exciting frequency, soil permeability, and slenderness ratio of pile while considering local debonding were then examined. The numerical results indicate that the local debonding occurring at the pile–soil interface dramatically weakened the lateral dynamic impedances of pile, and this trend was particularly pronounced at high frequency and small modulus ratio. Additionally, the local debonding phenomenon also imposes limitations on the implementation of the equivalent single‐phase solution in practical engineering applications. The presented solution theoretically demonstrates the significant impact of local debonding on the dynamic response of piles embedded in saturated soil and may provide insight into determining parameter values in empirical equations.
Differential mitochondrial adaptation and FNDC5 production in brown and white adipose tissue in response to cold and obesity
Authors: Neira Gabriela , Hernández‐Pardos Ana Wenting , Becerril Sara , Ramírez Beatriz , Valentí Víctor , Moncada Rafael , Catalán Victoria , Gómez‐Ambrosi Javier , Burrell María A. , Silva Camilo , Escalada Javier , Frühbeck Gema , Rodríguez Amaia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveFibronectin type III domain‐containing protein 5 (FNDC5) modulates adipocyte metabolism by increasing white and brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT) browning and activity, respectively. We investigated whether FNDC5 can regulate visceral WAT and BAT adaptive thermogenesis by improving mitochondrial homeostasis in response to cold and obesity.MethodsAdipose tissue expression of FNDC5 and factors involved in mitochondrial homeostasis were determined in patients with normal weight and obesity (n = 159) and in rats with diet‐induced obesity after 1 week of cold exposure (n = 61). The effect of different FNDC5 concentrations on mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy was evaluated in vitro in human adipocytes.ResultsIn human visceral adipocytes, FNDC5/irisin triggered mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM) and fusion (MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1) while inhibiting peripheral fission (DNM1L and FIS1) and mitophagy (PINK1 and PRKN). Circulating and visceral WAT expression of FNDC5 was decreased in patients and experimental animals with obesity, whereas its receptor, integrin αV, was upregulated. Obesity increased mitochondrial fusion while decreasing mitophagy in visceral WAT from patients and rats. By contrast, in rat BAT, an upregulation of Fndc5 and genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and fission was observed. Cold exposure promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and healthy peripheral fission while repressing Fndc5 expression and mitophagy in BAT from rats.ConclusionsDepot differences in FNDC5 production and mitochondrial adaptations in response to obesity and cold might indicate a self‐regulatory mechanism to control thermogenesis in response to energy needs.image
Management and treatment modalities of inferior alveolar nerve injuries: Review of literature
Authors: Hosseini Kosar , Akhondian Salehe , Jafarpour Kimia , Tolooei Afsaneh , Valizadeh Maryam , Ganjehzadeh Shabnam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInjury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is recognized as a potentially serious complication of a wide range of dental procedures. Treatment options include nonsurgical therapies, surgical intervention, or a combination of these techniques. However, no consensus exists regarding the timing of treatment or the preferred intervention modalities for each case. This study aims to provide an overview of the literature regarding the management and treatment modalities of IAN injuries. We conducted a search using keywords such as “management,” “inferior alveolar nerve,” and “injury.” Related English‐language articles were identified through electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, up to June 2023. Due to the limited quality and quantity of studies and the conflicting results regarding various treatments for injured IANs, further research and randomized clinical trials are necessary to establish the optimal treatment protocol for medications, laser therapy, and surgical procedures.
Impact of diet adherence on weight and lipids among African American participants randomized to vegan or omnivorous diets
Authors: Turner‐McGrievy Gabrielle M. , Wilcox Sara , Frongillo Edward A. , Murphy E. Angela , Kim Yesil , Hu Emily A. , Okpara Nkechi , Bailey Shiba 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivePrior research has found that plant‐based diets (PBDs) are rated as acceptable and have similar levels of adherence as compared to other therapeutic dietary approaches; however, previous studies were mostly among white populations. Plant‐based diets can produce clinically meaningful weight loss, but outcomes may vary by level of adherence. The goal of this study was to examine the differences in weight and lipids among participants in the Nutritious Eating with Soul study based on adherence to their diet assignment.MethodsAfrican American adults (n = 159; 79% female) with overweight or obesity (mean BMI 36.9 ± 6.9 kg/m2) were recruited to participate in a 24‐month intervention. Participants were randomized to a plant‐based vegan (n = 77) or a low‐fat omnivorous (n = 82) diet, both emphasizing soul food cuisine. Participants attended nutrition classes and had dietary intake/adherence (three 24‐h recalls; adherence score 1–5), body weight, lipids, and other secondary outcomes assessed at baseline, 6‐, 12‐, and 24 months. Participants who met at least half of the adherence criteria (≥2.5 out of 5) were categorized as adherents.ResultsAt 24 months, adherent vegans lost 5% of their body weight, non‐adherent vegans lost −0.005%, adherent omnivores lost −0.03%, and non‐adherent omnivores lost −0.02%. Adherent vegans lost more weight (kg) than all other participants at both 6‐ (−3.32 ± 0.92 (−5.14, −1.49), p < 0.001) and 24 months (−3.27 ± 1.49 (−6.23, −0.31), p = 0.03). Adherent vegans also lost more weight than less adherent vegans (−3.74 ± 1.05 (−5.82, −1.65)), adherent omnivores (−4.00 ± 1.27 (−6.51, −1.48)), and less adherent omnivores (−2.22 ± 0.98 (−4.15, −0.28)) at 6 months and lost more weight than less adherent vegans at 24 months (−4.96 ± 1.8 (−8.54, −1.37)) (all p < 0.05). Adherent vegans had greater improvements in cholesterol‐to‐HDL ratio at 24 months (−0.47 ± 0.22 (−0.92, −0.03), p = 0.04) and greater decreases in insulin (−4.57 ± 2.16 (−8.85, −0.29), p = 0.04) at 6 months than all other participants combined.ConclusionsThe study points to the benefit of the use of a PBD for reducing weight, lipids, and insulin in African American adults, but also highlights the importance of supporting adherence to the PBD.Clinical Trials.Gov IDNutritious Eating With Soul (The NEW Soul Study); NCT03354377.
Spatial analysis of microRNA regulation at defined tumor hypoxia levels reveals biological traits of aggressive prostate cancer
Authors: Skingen Vilde E , Salberg Unn Beate , Hompland Tord , Fjeldbo Christina S , Helgeland Hanna , Frikstad Kari‐Anne M , Ragnum Harald B , Vlatkovic Ljiljana , Hole Knut Håkon , Seierstad Therese , Lyng Heidi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMechanisms regulating the gene expression program at different hypoxia severity levels in patient tumors are not understood. We aimed to determine microRNA (miRNA) regulation of this program at defined hypoxia levels from moderate to severe in prostate cancer. Biopsies from 95 patients were used, where 83 patients received the hypoxia marker pimonidazole before prostatectomy. Forty hypoxia levels were extracted from pimonidazole‐stained histological sections and correlated with miRNA and gene expression profiles determined by RNA sequencing and Illumina bead arrays. This identified miRNAs associated with moderate (n = 7) and severe (n = 28) hypoxia and predicted their target genes. The scores of miRNAs or target genes showed prognostic significance, as validated in an external cohort of 417 patients. The target genes showed enrichment of gene sets for cell proliferation and MYC activation at all hypoxia levels and PTEN inactivation at severe hypoxia. This was confirmed by RT‐qPCR for MYC and PTEN, by Ki67 immunohistochemistry, and by gene set analysis in an external cohort. To assess whether miRNA regulation occurred within the predicted hypoxic regions, a method to quantify co‐localization of multiple histopathology parameters at defined hypoxia levels was applied. A high Ki67 proliferation index co‐localized significantly with hypoxia at all levels. The co‐localization index was strongly associated with poor prognosis. Absence of PTEN staining co‐localized significantly with severe hypoxia. The scores for miRNAs correlated with the co‐localization index for Ki67 staining and hypoxia, consistent with miRNA regulation within the overlapping regions. This was confirmed by showing miR‐210‐3p expression within severe hypoxia by in situ hybridization. Cell line experiments (22Rv1, PC3) were conducted to determine whether miRNAs and target genes were regulated directly by hypoxia. Most of them were hypoxia‐unresponsive, and probably regulated by other mechanisms such as MYC activation. In conclusion, in aggressive, hypoxic prostate tumors, cancer cells exhibit different proliferative gene expression programs that is regulated by miRNAs and depend on whether the cells reside in moderate or severe hypoxic regions. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
DNA methylation as a new tool for the differential diagnosis between T‐LBL and lymphocyte‐rich thymoma
Authors: Latiri Mehdi , Belhocine Mohamed , Smith Charlotte , Garnier Nathalie , Balducci Estelle , Pinton Antoine , Andrieu Guillaume P , Bruneau Julie , Spicuglia Salvatore , Jamain Stéphane , Latapie Violaine , de Montpreville Vincent Thomas , Chalabreysse Lara , Marx Alexander , Girard Nicolas , Besse Benjamin , Plass Christoph , Gibault Laure , Badoual Cécile , Macintyre Elizabeth , Asnafi Vahid , Molina Thierry Jo , Touzart Aurore 
Published: September 2024

AbstractT‐lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐LBL) and thymoma are two rare primary tumors of the thymus deriving either from T‐cell precursors or from thymic epithelial cells, respectively. Some thymoma subtypes (AB, B1, and B2) display numerous reactive terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐positive (TdT+) T‐cell precursors masking epithelial tumor cells. Therefore, the differential diagnosis between T‐LBL and TdT+ T‐lymphocyte‐rich thymoma could be challenging, especially in the case of needle biopsy. To distinguish between T‐LBL and thymoma‐associated lymphoid proliferations, we analyzed the global DNA methylation using two different technologies, namely MeDIP array and EPIC array, in independent samples series [17 T‐LBLs compared with one TdT+ lymphocyte‐rich thymoma (B1 subtype) and three normal thymi, and seven lymphocyte‐rich thymomas compared with 24 T‐LBLs, respectively]. In unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA), T‐LBL and thymoma samples clustered separately. We identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) using MeDIP‐array and EPIC‐array datasets and nine overlapping genes between the two datasets considering the top 100 DMRs including ZIC1, TSHZ2, CDC42BPB, RBM24, C10orf53, and MACROD2. In order to explore the DNA methylation profiles in larger series, we defined a classifier based on these six differentially methylated gene promoters, developed an MS‐MLPA assay, and demonstrated a significant differential methylation between thymomas (hypomethylated; n = 48) and T‐LBLs (hypermethylated; n = 54) (methylation ratio median 0.03 versus 0.66, respectively; p < 0.0001), with MACROD2 methylation status the most discriminating. Using a machine learning strategy, we built a prediction model trained with the EPIC‐array dataset and defined a cumulative score taking into account the weight of each feature. A score above or equal to 0.4 was predictive of T‐LBL and conversely. Applied to the MS‐MLPA dataset, this prediction model accurately predicted diagnoses of T‐LBL and thymoma. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Genomic analysis defines distinct pancreatic and neuronal subtypes of lung carcinoid
Authors: Domingo‐Sabugo Clara , Willis‐Owen Saffron AG , Mandal Amit , Nastase Anca , Dwyer Sarah , Brambilla Cecilia , Gálvez José Héctor , Zhuang Qinwei , Popat Sanjay , Eveleigh Robert , Munter Markus , Lim Eric , Nicholson Andrew G , Lathrop G Mark , Cookson William OC , Moffatt Miriam F 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLung carcinoids (L‐CDs) are rare, poorly characterised neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). L‐CDs are more common in women and are not the consequence of cigarette smoking. They are classified histologically as typical carcinoids (TCs) or atypical carcinoids (ACs). ACs confer a worse survival. Histological classification is imperfect, and there is increasing interest in molecular markers. We therefore investigated global transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles of 15 L‐CDs resected with curative intent at Royal Brompton Hospital. We identified underlying mutations and structural abnormalities through whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. Transcriptomic clustering algorithms identified two distinct L‐CD subtypes. These showed similarities either to pancreatic or neuroendocrine tumours at other sites and so were named respectively L‐CD‐PanC and L‐CD‐NeU. L‐CD‐PanC tumours featured upregulation of pancreatic and metabolic pathway genes matched by promoter hypomethylation of genes for beta cells and insulin secretion (p < 1 × 10−6). These tumours were centrally located and showed mutational signatures of activation‐induced deaminase/apolipoprotein B editing complex activity, together with genome‐wide DNA methylation loss enriched in repetitive elements (p = 2.2 × 10−16). By contrast, the L‐CD‐NeU group exhibited upregulation of neuronal markers (adjusted p < 0.01) and was characterised by focal spindle cell morphology (p = 0.04), peripheral location (p = 0.01), high mutational load (p = 2.17 × 10−4), recurrent copy number alterations, and enrichment for ACs. Mutations affected chromatin remodelling and SWI/SNF complex pathways. L‐CD‐NeU tumours carried a mutational signature attributable to aflatoxin and aristolochic acid (p = 0.05), suggesting a possible environmental exposure in their pathogenesis. Immunologically, myeloid and T‐cell markers were enriched in L‐CD‐PanC and B‐cell markers in L‐CD‐NeU tumours. The substantial epigenetic and non‐coding differences between L‐CD‐PanC and L‐CD‐NeU open new possibilities for biomarker selection and targeted treatment of L‐CD. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Optimization of conductive nanofillers in bio‐based polyurethane foams for ammonia‐sensing application
Authors: Selvaraj Vinoth Kumar , Subramanian Jeyanthi , Krishna Rajeev P. , Rajendran Vijayakumar , Raja S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on transforming inherently insulating bio‐based polyurethane foam into a susceptible gas sensor. The foam is chemically treated and reinforced with conductive fillers, including polyaniline, zinc oxide, and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, synthesized through in situ polymerization. A statistical approach employing the design of experiments with response surface methodology was applied for optimization. Scanning electron microscopy imaging visually confirmed the size, shape, and uniformity of nanofillers in the polyurethane foam. The electrical conductivity of the composite material and its sensitivity to ammonia exposure were evaluated using a Rigol DM3068 digital multi‐meter. Our optimization identified the ideal composition to achieve the highest electrical conductivity, attained with 2.5 wt% polyaniline, 0.5 wt% zinc oxide, and 1 wt% multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, resulting in a value of 2544.30 S/m. The resistance measurements demonstrated the sample's suitability for ammonia sensing, ranging from 0.8 to 200 Ω with a response time of less than 20 s. In conclusion, our research underscores the versatility of this innovative material, providing a comprehensive solution for gas detection across various domains. By sensitively responding to ammonia, this composite material safeguards the industrial environment and finds applications in healthcare and agriculture, contributing to enhanced safety, and diagnostics.Highlights
Fabricated bio‐based polyurethane foam into a conductive gas sensor
Used polyaniline, zinc oxide, and multi‐walled carbon nanotube fillers synthesized via in situ polymerization
Optimized using design of experiments with response surface methodology and analyzed with scanning electron microscopy
Achieved excellent electrical conductivity
Ammonia sensing with 0.8 to 200 Ω resistance for industrial, healthcare, and agricultural applications
Synthesis and applications of natural fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites: A comprehensive review
Authors: Mahmud Md. Zobair Al , Rabbi S. M. Fazle , Islam Md. Didarul , Hossain Nayem 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis review aims to provide a detailed analysis of the synthesis methods, properties, and applications of natural fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites, highlighting their potential as sustainable materials for various industries. The objective of the study is to examine how different natural fibers such as jute, flax, hemp, and sisal impact the mechanical performance of epoxy composites. The synthesis of these composites involves fiber selection, surface treatments, and epoxy matrix formulation, with processing techniques like hand lay‐up, vacuum infusion, and compression molding playing critical roles. Quantitative results show that tensile strengths of these fibers range from 12 MPa (abaca) to 1627 MPa (pineapple), and densities range from 295 kg/m3 (kenaf) to 1560 kg/m3 (pineapple), reflecting their variability and influence on composite performance. The review finds that fiber‐matrix compatibility, fiber orientation, and interfacial adhesion significantly affect the mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and thermal stability. The composites demonstrate potential applications in the automotive, aerospace, and construction industries, where they can be used for interior components, structural elements, and non‐load‐bearing parts. The study concludes that natural fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites offer a promising solution for reducing environmental impact while maintaining material performance in various structural applications.Highlights
Epoxy‐reinforced natural fiber composites synthesis and applications.
Synthesis involves fiber selection, treatment, and epoxy matrix formulation.
Natural fibers like jute, flax, hemp, and sisal used due to their renewable nature and biodegradability.
Applications include automotive and furniture industries.
RGD‐functionalised self‐assembling peptide hydrogel induces a proliferative profile in human osteoblasts in vitro
Authors: Castillo‐Díaz Luis A. , Gough Julie E. , Miller Aline F. , Saiani Alberto 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSelf‐assembling peptide hydrogels (SAPHs) have been used in the past decade as reliable three‐dimensional (3D) synthetic scaffolds for the culture of a variety of mammalian cells in vitro. Thanks to their versatile physicochemical properties, they allow researchers to tailor the hydrogel properties, including stiffness and functionality to the targeted cells and cells' behaviour. One of the advantages of using SAPH scaffolds is the ease of functionalisation. In the present work, we discuss the effect that functionalising the FEFEFKFK (F, phenylalanine; K, lysine; and E, glutamic acid) hydrogel scaffold using the cell‐binding RGDS (fibronectin — R, arginine; G, glycine; D, aspartic acid; S, serine) epitope affects the material properties as well as the function of encapsulated human osteoblast cells. RGDS functionalisation resulted in cells adopting an elongated morphology, suggesting attachment and increased proliferation. While this led to higher cell viability, it also resulted in a decrease in extra‐cellular matrix (ECM) protein production as well as a decrease in calcium ion deposition, suggesting lower mineralisation capabilities. The work clearly shows that SAPHs are a flexible platform that allow the modification of scaffolds in a controlled manner to investigate cell–material interactions.
Approximating Maximum Independent Set on Rydberg Atom Arrays Using Local Detunings
Authors: Yeo Hyeonjun , Kim Ha Eum , Jeong Kabgyun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRydberg atom arrays operated by a quantum adiabatic principle are among the most promising quantum simulating platforms due to their scalability and long coherence time. From the perspective of combinatorial optimization, they offer an efficient solution for an intrinsic maximum independent set problem because of the resemblance between the Rydberg Hamiltonian and the cost function of the maximum independent set problem. In this study, a strategy is suggested to approximate maximum independent sets by adjusting local detunings on the Rydberg Hamiltonian according to each vertex's vertex support, which is a quantity that represents connectivity between vertices. By doing so, the strategy successfully reduces the error rate three times for the checkerboard graphs with defects when the adiabaticity is sufficient. In addition, the strategy decreases the error rate for random graphs even when the adiabaticity is relatively insufficient. Moreover, it is shown that the strategy helps to prepare a quantum many‐body ground state by raising the fidelity between the evolved quantum state and a 2D cat state on a square lattice. Finally, the strategy is combined with the non‐abelian adiabatic mixing and this approach is highly successful in finding maximum independent sets compared to the conventional adiabatic evolution with local detunings.