bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing a ‘new normal’
Authors: Gee Matt , Kehoe Andrew , Renouf Antoinette 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this chapter we introduce statistical methods and associated visualisations for the analysis of lexical
change on a monthly basis in a 1.8-billion word news corpus spanning over 30 years. In previous work (Kehoe et al. 2022) we found examples of word frequency change in a data-driven
manner by applying existing statistical tests. An ongoing limitation is that, as our diachronic corpus grows, so too
does the possibility of a word exhibiting multiple frequency changes in different directions. This chapter reframes
the problem as one of time-series segmentation, dividing the frequency history of a word into timespans exhibiting
consistent upward or downward change. We then determine reasons for such changes by applying horizon graph
visualisations to collocates.
Syntactic segmentation of spoken corpus data
Authors: McClellan Karin , Kircili Kathrin , Götz Sandra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Most corpus-based syntactic segmentation schemes rely on transcriptions alone, which can lead to
segmentation difficulties, especially when analyzing spontaneous conversations. We therefore suggest an approach to
segmentation that complements syntactic segmentation techniques with prosodic analyses and describe correspondences in
syntactic and prosodic segmentation as well as the exact syntactic contexts in which prosodic analyses are necessary
to avoid ambiguities and potential inaccuracies. Using 10 recordings from the Louvain Corpus of Native English
Conversation, utterances are independently and manually segmented and annotated for various linguistic
variables. While the results of our analyses indicate a considerable overlap of intermediate phrases and clausal
units, we also showcase syntactic contexts where prosody is needed for disambiguation (e.g. monologs, discourse
markers, dysfluencies, and adverbials).
Low shear-induced fibrillar fibronectin: comparative analyses of morphologies and cellular effects on bovine aortic endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation
Authors: Mai-Thi Hoang-Nghi , Nguyen Dang Phu-Hai , Le Phong , Tran Ngoc Quyen , Tran Cam Tu , Stoldt Volker R , Huynh Khon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Wall shear stress (WSS) is a critical factor in vascular biology, and both high and low WSS are implicated in atherosclerosis. Fibronectin (FN) is a key extracellular matrix protein that plays an important role in cell activities. Under high shear stress, plasma FN undergoes fibrillogenesis; however, its behavior under low shear stress remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the formation of in vitro cell-free fibrillar FN (FFN) under low shear rate conditions and its effect on bovine aortic endothelial cell behavior. FN (500 µg ml−1) was perfused through slide chambers at three flow rates (0.16 ml h−1, 0.25 ml h−1, and 0.48 ml h−1), corresponding to low shear rates of 0.35 s−1, 0.55 s−1, and 1.05 s−1, respectively, for 4 h at room temperature. The formed FN matrices were observed using fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Under low shear rates, distinct FN matrix structures were observed. FFN0.48 formed immense fibrils with smooth surfaces, FFN0.25 formed a matrix with a rough surface, and FFN16 exhibited nodular structures. FFN0.25 supported cell activities to a greater extent than native FN and other FFN surfaces. Our study suggests that abnormally low shear conditions impact FN structure and function and enhance the understanding of FN fibrillogenesis in vascular biology, particularly in atherosclerosis.
Theoretical analysis of neutron spectra measurement with SiC detectors using a machine learning technique
Authors: Belfiore E. , Antoni R. , Ben Mosbah M. , Allinei P-G. , Tisseur D. , Llido O. , Groetz J-E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Detecting neutrons is crucial for various nuclear
applications. Currently, there exists a technology gap in detecting
fast neutrons under high-flux conditions, primarily due to some
limitations solid detectors face in supporting high flux. Addressing
these challenges requires a balanced approach that combines a
detector capable of providing exploitable signals with an effective
method for reconstructing the neutron spectrum. This work explores
the potential of utilizing machine learning techniques to address
this gap by determining neutron spectra using SiC detectors. The
machine learning algorithm described in this paper has been tested
on measured spectra stored in the IAEA Compendium database. The
outcomes of this theoretical study demonstrate the feasibility of
the proposed approach in determining neutron spectra from various
neutron sources. However, experimental validation is necessary to
fully validate the methodology and ensure its applicability in
practical settings.
Role of viscoelasticity in the adhesion of mushroom-shaped pillars
Authors: Violano Guido , Dibitonto Savino , Afferrante Luciano 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The contact behaviour of mushroom-shaped pillars has been extensively studied for their superior adhesive properties, often inspired by natural attachment systems observed in insects. Typically, pillars are modeled with linear elastic materials in the literature; in reality, the soft materials used for their fabrication exhibit a rate-dependent constitutive behaviour. Additionally, conventional models focus solely on the detachment phase of the pillar, overlooking the analysis of the attachment phase. As a result, they are unable to estimate the energy loss during a complete loading-unloading cycle. This study investigates the role of viscoelasticity in the adhesion between a mushroom-shaped pillar and a rigid flat countersurface. Interactions at the interface are assumed to be governed by van der Waals forces, and the material is modeled using a standard linear solid model. Normal push and release contact cycles are simulated at different approaching and retracting speeds. Results reveal that, in the presence of an interfacial defect, a monotonically increasing trend in the pull-off force with pulling speed is observed. The corresponding change in the contact pressure distribution suggests a transition from short-range to long-range adhesion, corroborating recent experimental and theoretical investigations. Moreover, the pull-off force remains invariant to the loading history due to our assumption of a flat–flat contact interface. Conversely, in the absence of defects and under the parameters used in this study, detachment occurs after reaching the theoretical contact strength, and the corresponding pull-off force is found to be rate independent. Notably, the hysteretic loss exhibits a peak at intermediate detachment speeds, where viscous dissipation occurs, which holds true in both the presence and absence of a defect. However, the presence of a defect shifts the region where the majority of viscous dissipation takes place.
The first global catalogue of gas flaring sources derived from a multi-temporal time series of OLI and MSI daytime data: the DAFI v2 algorithm
Authors: Faruolo Mariapia , Genzano Nicola , Pergola Nicola , Marchese Francesco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Gas flaring (GF) is an industrial phenomenon requiring a special attention for the serious impacts on environment, climate and human health. To analyses and map GF sites (GFs), the Daytime Approach for GF Investigation (DAFI), which is based on daytime data from the Operational Land Imager (OLI) aboard the Landsat-8 satellite, has recently been developed. The GFs catalogue from the DAFI system, spanning over the years 2013–2021, represents the first worldwide GF product generated from mid-high spatial resolution data (30 m). The DAFI version 2 (v2), also including information from the Multispectral Instrument (MSI) aboard Sentinel-2 satellites, already showed an improved capacity in the mapping of GFs over Iran and Iraq. In this work, the new catalogue arising from the porting of DAFI v2 at global scale is presented and discussed. By using a parallel workflow, based on a loop tiling scheme running in Google Earth Engine, DAFI v2 allowed us to extend the GF inventory globally up to 2023, by analyzing ∼4 million of OLI/OLI-2 (Collection 2) and MSI imagery. Results of this study show: (i) an increased DAFI v2 capacity, of about 41%, in detecting GFs compared to the previous DAFI version; (ii) a downward trend (∼4.6%) in terms of GF sites detected from 2021 to 2023. These findings demonstrated that DAFI v2, which will also include the estimates of radiative power at different spatial scales, may contribute in assessing and monitoring the GFs activities and in evaluating the effectiveness of the greenhouse gas-emission reduction strategies at global, continental, national and local scales.
Assessment of the Climate Trace global powerplant CO2 emissions
Authors: Gurney Kevin R , Aslam Bilal , Dass Pawlok , Gawuc Lech , Hocking Toby , Barber Jarrett J , Kato Anna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Accurate estimation of planetary greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the scale of individual emitting activities is a critical need for both scientific and policy applications. Powerplants represent the single largest and most concentrated form of global GHG emissions. Climate Trace, co-founded and promoted by former U.S. Vice President Al Gore, is a new effort using, in part, artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to estimate asset-scale GHG emissions. Climate Trace recently released a database of global powerplant CO2 emissions at the facility-scale that uses both AI and non-AI estimation approaches. However, no independent peer-reviewed assessment has been made of this important global emissions database. Here, we compare the Climate Trace powerplant CO2 emissions to an atmospherically calibrated, multi-constraint estimate of powerplant CO2 emissions in the United States. The 3.7% (65) of compared facilities that used an AI-based approach show a mean relative difference (MRD) of −1.1% (SD: 46.4%) in the year 2019. The 96.3% (1726) of the facilities that used a non-AI-based approach show a MRD of −50.0% (SD: 117.7%). Of the non-AI estimated facilities, 151 (8.7%) facilities agree to within ±20%. The large differences between Climate Trace and Vulcan-power emission estimates for these facilities is primarily caused by Climate Trace’ use of a national-mean power plant capacity factor (CF) which is a poor representation of the reported power plant CFs of individual US facilities and leads to very large errors at those same 1726 facilities.
The impact of IPOD on boreal midsummer extratropical cyclones accompanied by torrential rains in Central and Eastern China
Authors: Zhang Meng , Luo Jing-Jia , Xie Tiejun , Song Jianing , Fu Jing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In recent years, extratropical cyclones accompanied by torrential rains (ETCTRs) have caused an increasing number of disasters in Central and Eastern China. However, our understanding of climatic mechanisms remains inadequate for operational prediction. By analyzing the atmospheric circulation of ETCTRs occurring in Central and Eastern China during the boreal midsummer period (July–August) from 1981 to 2020, this study found that these boreal midsummer ETCTRs may be influenced by the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool and North Pacific Ocean Dipole (IPOD). Diagnostic analysis and Linear Baroclinic Model experiments indicated that negative IPOD-type sea surface temperature anomalies can trigger positive geopotential height anomalies in the mid-upper troposphere over the subtropical region and negative geopotential height anomalies from the Western North Pacific to Northeastern and Northern China. This circulation pattern and moisture transport conditions are conducive to the formation of ETCTRs during boreal midsummer in Central and Eastern China and vice versa for the positive IPOD case. This study provides useful evidence for short-range climate prediction of boreal midsummer ETCTRs in Central and Eastern China.
A prototype early warning system for diarrhoeal disease to combat health threats of climate change in the asia-pacific region
Authors: Cruz Cano Raul , He Hao , Aryal Samyam , Dhimal Megnath , Thu Dang Thi Anh , Zhang Linus , Ma Tianzhou , Liang Xin-Zhong , Murtugudde Raghu , Gao Chuansi , Sharma Ayushi , Andhikaputra Gerry , Wang Yu-Chun , Sapkota Amir 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ongoing climate variability and change are increasing the burden of diarrhoeal disease worldwide. Meaningful early warning systems with adequate lead times (weeks to months) are needed to guide public health decision–making and enhance community resilience against health threats posed by climate change. Toward this goal, we trained various machine-learning models to predict diarrhoeal disease rates in Nepal (2002–2014), Taiwan (2008–2019), and Vietnam (2000–2015) using temperature, precipitation, previous disease rates, and El Niño Southern Oscillation phases. We also compared the performance of shallow time-series neural network (NN), Random Forest Regressor, artificial nn, gradient boosting regressor, and long short-term memory–based methods for their effectiveness in predicting diarrhoeal disease burden across multiple countries. We evaluated model performance using a test dataset and assessed the accuracy of predicted diarrhoeal disease incidence rates for the last year of available data in each district. Our results suggest that even in the absence of the most recent disease surveillance data, a likely scenario in most low- and middle-income countries, our NN-based early warning system using historical data performs reasonably well. However, future studies are needed to perform prospective evaluations of such early warning systems in real-world settings.
Exploring the impact of population agglomeration on ecosystem services: an empirical study based on Fenhe River Basin
Authors: Li Qiang , Cao An , Shi Xueyi , Zhao Zhongqiu , Wu Qingqing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Since the 21st century, cities have experienced rapid expansion, posing serious threats to the health of non-urban ecosystems. It is generally believed that continued urbanization will put increasing pressure on ecosystems. However, in recent decades, the degree of population agglomeration and ecological environment have simultaneously increased in China. This paper takes Fenhe River Basin as the study area, measures the spatial Gini coefficient of population distribution (Gini) and ecosystem services in 165 sub-basins from 2000 to 2020, and adopts two-way fixed effects model to study the impacts of population agglomeration on ecosystem services and its mechanism. The results show that population agglomeration is positively correlated with the overall benefit (OB) of ecosystem services, and the effect is moderated by vegetation coverage, slope and distance from market centre, only when the values are greater than 0.198, less than 6.62° and 17.90 km, respectively, will the positive effects become apparent. The phenomenon of ‘people withdrawing and vegetation entering’ makes population agglomeration have significant impacts on individual ecosystem services and trade-offs and synergies. In order to give better play to the positive effect, the population needs to migrate from areas with worse geographical conditions and farther away from market centres to better places, and the return of farmland to forests should be accelerated in areas with population concentration. Following the laws of nature to promote population agglomeration and vegetation restoration, so as to achieve a ‘win–win’ situation between economic development and ecological civilization construction through the optimization of resource allocation.
3D bioprinting of an intervertebral disc tissue analogue with a highly aligned annulus fibrosus via suspended layer additive manufacture
Authors: Moxon S R , McMurran Z , Kibble M J , Domingos M , Gough J E , Richardson S M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) function is achieved through integration of its two component regions: the nucleus pulposus (NP) and the annulus fibrosus (AF). The NP is soft (0.3–5 kPa), gelatinous and populated by spherical NP cells in a polysaccharide-rich extracellular matrix (ECM). The AF is much stiffer (∼100 kPa) and contains layers of elongated AF cells in an aligned, fibrous ECM. Degeneration of the disc is a common problem with age being a major risk factor. Progression of IVD degeneration leads to chronic pain and can result in permanent disability. The development of therapeutic solutions for IVD degeneration is impaired by a lack of in vitro models of the disc that are capable of replicating the fundamental structure and biology of the tissue. This study aims to investigate if a newly developed suspended hydrogel bioprinting system (termed SLAM) could be employed to fabricate IVD analogues with integrated structural and compositional features similar to native tissue. Bioprinted IVD analogues were fabricated to recapitulate structural, morphological and biological components present in the native tissue. The constructs replicated key structural components of native tissue with the presence of a central, polysaccharide-rich NP surrounded by organised, aligned collagen fibres in the AF. Cell tracking, actin and matrix staining demonstrated that embedded NP and AF cells exhibited morphologies and phenotypes analogous to what is observed in vivo with elongated, aligned AF cells and spherical NP cells that deposited HA into the surrounding environment. Critically, it was also observed that the NP and AF regions contained a defined cellular and material interface and segregated regions of the two cell types, thus mimicking the highly regulated structure of the IVD.
Solar light-induced degradation of hazardous organic pollutants using Diospyros kaki mediated green synthesized zirconium doped nickel oxide-zinc oxide nanocomposite
Authors: Haq Sirajul , Raja Aqsa Waheed , Rehman Sadiq Ur , Sadiq Muhammad Usman , Alsaiari Ahad Amer , Razzokov Jamoliddin , Gulzar Faisal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study explores an eco-friendly route using Diospyros kaki leaves extract as a stabilizing and reducing agent for the fabrication of 0.5% and 1% Zr-NiO/ZnO NCs. The fabricated samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The physicochemical analysis confirmed the successful fabrication of zirconium-doped NiO/ZnO (Zr-NiO/ZnO NCs) NCs. UV-DRS study showed the widening of the band gap from 3.43 eV to 3.66 eV with the increase in the amount of dopant from 0.5% to 1%. The SEM and TEM micrographs revealed the formation of nanostructures having irregular morphologies which were unevenly distributed. Furthermore, EDX results showed the characteristic signal of zirconium, nickel, zinc, and oxygen in the sample which confirmed the successful formation of Zr-NiO/ZnO NCs. The photocatalytic activity of Zr-NiO/ZnO NCs was evaluated by performing degradation of brilliant green (BG) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) under direct solar light, which showed enhanced photocatalytic performance. The 0.5%Zr-NiO/ZnO NC demonstrated enhanced performance (86.4% degradation of BG and 89% degradation of 4-NP) as compared to 1% Zr-NiO/ZnO NC (67% and 51% of BG and 4-NP respectively) which can be related to lower band gap and less agglomeration of nanostructures.
On Fourier multipliers with rapidly oscillating symbols
Authors: Stolyarov D. 
Published: October 2024

Asymptotically sharp bounds are provided for the

L
p

L_p

norms of the Fourier multipliers with symbols

e

i
λ
φ
(
ξ

/

|

ξ

|

)

e^{i\lambda \varphi (\xi /|\xi |)}

, where

λ
∈

R

\lambda \in \mathbb {R}

is a large parameter.
Probabilistic method to fundamental gap problems on the sphere
Authors: Cho Gunhee , Wei Guofang , Yang Guang 
Published: October 2024

We provide a probabilistic proof of the fundamental gap estimate for Schrödinger operators in convex domains on the sphere, which extends the probabilistic proof of F. Gong, H. Li, and D. Luo [Potential Anal. 44 (2016), pp. 423–442] for the Euclidean case. Our results further generalize the results achieved for the Laplacian by S. Seto, L. Wang, and G. Wei [J. Differential Geom. 112 (2019), pp. 347–389], as well as by C. He, G. Wei, and Qi S. Zhang [Amer. J. Math. 142 (2020), pp. 1161–1191]. The essential ingredient in our analysis is the reflection coupling method on Riemannian manifolds.
Decausativization, reflexivization, reciprocalization, and middle voices
Authors: Creissels Denis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In reflexive and reciprocal constructions, discussed in Sections 11.2 and 11.3 of this chapter, the relationship between participants in the event and participant roles implied by the lexical meaning of the verb is not one-to-one, but the set of participant roles implied by the lexical meaning of transitive verbs is not affected. By contrast, decausativization, discussed in section 11.1, modifies the set of participant roles implied by the lexical meaning of transitive verbs. However, dedicated decausative voices are less common than multifunctional detransitivizing voices, commonly designated as middle voices, used to encode not only decausativization, but also various semantic types of valency operations that involve detransitivization without modifying the set of participant roles. The possible functions and historical origins of middle voices are discussed in Sections 11.4 to 11.11.
The State of Firearm Policy Research in the United States
Authors: Crifasi Cassandra K , Ward Julie A , Fitch Kate Vinita , Ranapurwala Shabbar I 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Firearm-related deaths lead to the most person-years of life lost in the US. There were 48,830 deaths from homicides and suicides in 2021 alone. Firearm access remains at an all-time high in most states - indicated by record manufacturing, sales, employment in firearm industry, taxes collected from sales, and the number of federal background check applications in 2020 and 2021. Yet, firearm injury is a politically contentious topic to the point of stalling progress on an important public health topic. This politicization led to nearly three decades of federal disinvestment in firearm research; reduced surveillance of firearm-related crime, injury, and death; and degraded data quality. This left generations of researchers with limited epidemiologic tools to conduct firearm policy research, jeopardizing the amount and quality of research conducted. Despite these limitations, research has persisted and promising approaches to reduce firearm morbidity and mortality have been identified. Yet the field has struggled to keep pace with methodological advancements and conceptualizations of racial and ethnic disparities as products of systemic racism. In this commentary, we highlight some existing evidence-informed policies, explicate some limitations in the field, and identify opportunities to address the limitations of prior work to strengthen future capacity for evidence-informed prevention.
Invited commentary: thirty-five years of leaky vaccines
Authors: Halloran M Elizabeth , Struchiner Claudio J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Over the past 35 years, the term “leaky vaccine” has gained widespread use in both mathematical modeling and epidemiologic methods for evaluating vaccines. Here, we present a short history, as we recall it, of how the term was coined in the context of the history of sporozoite malaria vaccines that were thought in the 1980s to be possibly leaky. We draw a contrast with the all-or-none vaccine mechanism and review a few consequences for study design and population-level effects. We invite readers to contribute information covering the period preceding our memories in the 1980s, because we may have overlooked something.