bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel minimally invasive, dorsolateral, tubular partial odontoidectomy and autologous bone augmentation to treat dens pseudarthrosis: cadaveric, 3D virtual simulation study and technical report
Authors: Archavlis Eleftherios , Serrano Lucas , Schwandt Eike , Nimer Amr , Molina-Fuentes Moisés Felipe , Rahim Tamim , Ackermann Maximilian , Gutenberg Angelika , Kantelhardt Sven Rainer , Giese Alf 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to demonstrate the clinical and technical nuances of a minimally invasive, dorsolateral, tubular approach for partial odontoidectomy, autologous bone augmentation, and temporary C1–2 fixation to treat dens pseudarthrosis.

METHODS
A cadaveric feasibility study, a 3D virtual reality reconstruction study, and the subsequent application of this approach in 2 clinical cases are reported. Eight procedures were completed in 4 human cadavers. A minimally invasive, dorsolateral, tubular approach for odontoidectomy was performed with the aid of a tubular retraction system, using a posterolateral incision and an oblique approach angle. Fluoroscopy and postprocedural CT, using 3D volumetric averaging software, were used to evaluate the degree of bone removal of C1–2 lateral masses and the C-2 pars interarticularis. Two clinical cases were treated using the approach: a 23-year-old patient with an odontoid fracture and pseudarthrosis, and a 35-year-old patient with a history of failed conservative treatment for odontoid fracture.

RESULTS
At 8 cadaveric levels, the mean volumetric bone removal of the C1–2 lateral masses on 1 side was 3% ± 1%, and the mean resection of the pars interarticularis on 1 side was 2% ± 1%. The median angulation of the trajectory was 50°, and the median distance from the midline of the incision entry point on the skin surface was 67 mm. The authors measured the diameter of the working channel in relation to head positioning and assessed a greater working corridor of 12 ± 4 mm in 20° inclination, 15° contralateral rotation, and 5° lateral flexion to the contralateral side. There were no violations of the dura. The reliability of C-2 pedicle screws and C-1 lateral mass screws was 94% (15 of 16 screws) with a single lateral breach. The patients treated experienced excellent clinical outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
A minimally invasive, dorsolateral, tubular odontoidectomy and autologous bone augmentation combined with C1–2 instrumentation has the ability to provide excellent 1-stage management of an odontoid pseudarthrosis. The procedure can be completed safely and successfully with minimal blood loss and little associated morbidity. This approach has the potential to provide not only a less invasive approach but also a function-preserving option to treat complex C1–2 anterior disease.
Potentials of earthworm and its by-products in animal agriculture and waste management - A review
Authors: Ndelekwute EK , Essien EB , Assam ED , Ekanem NJ 
Published: September 2016

A review work was conducted to unveil the potentials of earthworm (EW) and its by  products such as earthworm meal (EWM) and earthworm casts (EWC) in poultry nutrition and management of animal waste. Production of EW is called vermiculture and using it to decompose organic matter is vermicomposting while processing it into such product as EWM is known as vermitechnology. Being a hermaphrodite, breeding is simple and fast, requiring only two EW to come together irrespective of their sexes. Fresh EW could be fed to fish and chickens. Based on literature EWM is high in protein 62 to 65%, essential amino acids such as lysine 6 to 8%, methionine 2 to 5%, leucine 8 to 10%, isoleucine 4 to 6% and phenylalanine 4 to 6%; fat 5 to 8% and fibre< 8%. At dietary inclusion level of 0.2 to 0.6%, EWM reportedly increased feed intake, supported growth, improved carcass quality in broiler chickens, and marginally increased egg size and hen day in layers. Dry EWC could replace 5 to 10% maize in diet for finishing broiler chickens. Rich in macro plant nutrients (e.g. nitrogen 1.94%, calcium 4.4% and potassium 0.7%) EWC is nutritionally sound for growth of pasture crops especially legumes. Earthworm has cellulase, lichenase, chitinase and cellulolytic microorganisms which enable it to degrade organic waste. Cattle dung and other animal manure can be degraded by earthworm thereby reducing environmental pollution. In this era of organic farming and sustainable environment, EW could therefore have a potential place in animal nutrition and management of waste from animals.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (2): 1-9
Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance amongst Common Bacterial Pathogens in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital
Authors: Shamsuzzaman AKM , Paul Shyamal Kumar , Mahmud Md. Chand , Musa AKM , Hossain Md. Akram 
Published: September 2016

Antimicrobial resistance has been coming up as one of the challenging business for treating domiciliary and nosocomial infections. The present study compared rate of resistance towards different commonly used antibiotics for common bacterial pathogens isolated during 2001 to 2003. Regarding Escherichia coli, mentionable increase (p<0.01) of resistance was noted against ceftazidime (47% to 77%) and ceftriaxone (43% to 71%). Imipenem (2% to 1%) and pefloxacin (40% to 17%) showed decreased trend. For Staphylococcus aureus, marked increase in resistance was shown against almost all antibiotics except co-trimoxazole (55% to 57%). Mentionable increase in resistance (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively) was noted against ciprofloxacin (17% to 43%) and ceftriaxone (28% to 83%). Although, oxacillin resistance increased from 22% to 42% but no resistance against vancomycin was noted during this period. Strains of Pseudomonas species showed increase (p<0.05) in resistance against ciprofloxacin (47% to 71%), ceftriaxone (50% to 74%) and ceftazidime (39% to 58%). Carbenicillin showed decreased resistance (92% to 50%) and none of the strains was found resistant to imipenem. Emphasis was given towards judicial use of antibiotics by followig local antibiogram.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2007; 01 (01): 04-09
Coagulase Typing and spa Typing of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Relatedness Among Patients' and Carrier Strains
Authors: Afroz Sadia , Hossain ABM Bayezid , Lutfor Afzalunnessa Binte , Muazzam Naima 
Published: September 2016

This study was carried out to determine the types of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by two typing systems, Coagulase typing and spa typing and to identify relationship between types of MRSA strains isolated from patients and hospital staff carriers. A total of 40 MRSA strains, 33 from cases of wound infection and 7 from anterior nares of hospital staffs were investigated. Coagulase typing showed that all the MRSA strains isolated from patients were coagulase type VI and all the strains isolated from carriers were coagulase type VII. In spa typing, seven spa types were detected such as S4, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10 and S11. Predominant spa type in patients was S7 detected in 15 (45.45%) MRSA isolates, followed by S4 in 8 (24.24%) strains and S6 in 5(15.15%) strains. Other spa types detected in patients in small numbers were S8 (3.03%), S9 (3.03%), S10 (6.06%) and S11 (3.03%). While in strains of MRSA isolated from carriers, only two types S4 and S9 were detected. Both the spa types identified from carriers were also detected in a total of 9 (27.2%) of MRSA strains isolated from patients.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2008; 02 (01): 3-7DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v2i1.21780
Prospects of Control of Malaria
Authors: Ferdousi Reena Saad , Siddiqua Mahmuda , Sultana Sakila , Tahmina Sanya 
Published: September 2016

No Abstarct AvailableBangladesh J Med Microbiol 2008; 02 (01): 33-36DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v2i1.21789
Bacteriological Etiology of Flood Affected Diarrhoeal Patients Admitted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Antibiogram of the isolates
Authors: Rahman Abdur , Rashid Aliya , Begum Shaheen Ara , Chowdhury Aktheruzzaman , Begum Shahin Ara , Shahid Sazzad Bin 
Published: September 2016

Diarrhoea is a self-limiting disease caused by various enteropathogens and antimicrobial therapy is an important adjunct to fluid therapy in the management of the cases. We have studied the flood-affected diarrhoeal (post-flood diarrhoea) patients admitted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital during August to September, 2007. A total of ll4 faecal samples were collected from the patients of all age groups, and investigated for bacterial enteropathogens. Specimens were cultured in appropriate media and identification of the organisms showing growth was done by relevant biochemical tests. In addition, the isolates of Vbrio cholera wer confirmed using pollvalent antisera. Sensitivity of the isolated organisms was done by disc diffusion method. Among the isolated bacterial enteropathogens, majority was V. cholera (46, 40.3%). Other isolates included Escherichia coli (18, 23.0%), Aeromonas species (8,10.O%) and V parahaemolyticus (5, 7.0%). No pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 27 of the cases. No Salmonella or Shigella was detected in any case. Majority of the cases (24, 52.0%) infected with V cholerae were children having less than L0 years of age. Most of the isolates of V cholerae (77.7%) were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. Almost all of the V cholerae isolates (97.90 ) were resistant to Tetracycline, followed by Co-trimoxazloe (93,5%) and Nalidixic acid (59.2%). All of the E. coli isolates (100.0%) were sensitive to Ceftriaxone, followed by Ceftazidime (88.8%) and Ciprofloxacin (77.7oh). Thus it can be concluded that Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone can be considered as the drugs ofchoice for the treatment of post-flood diarrhoea along with proper rehydration therapy.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol2008; 02 (01):13-17DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v8i1.21929
A CATALOG OF KEPLER HABITABLE ZONE EXOPLANET CANDIDATES
Authors: Kane Stephen R. , Hill Michelle L. , Kasting James F. , Kopparapu Ravi Kumar , Quintana Elisa V. , Barclay Thomas , Batalha Natalie M. , Borucki William J. , Ciardi David R. , Haghighipour Nader , Hinkel Natalie R. , Kaltenegger Lisa , Selsis Franck , Torres Guillermo 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The NASA Kepler mission ha s discovered thousands of new planetary candidates, many of which have been confirmed through follow-up observations. A primary goal of the mission is to determine the occurrence rate of terrestrial-size planets within the Habitable Zone (HZ) of their host stars. Here we provide a list of HZ exoplanet candidates from the Kepler Q1–Q17 Data Release 24 data-vetting process. This work was undertaken as part of the Kepler HZ Working Group. We use a variety of criteria regarding HZ boundaries and planetary sizes to produce complete lists of HZ candidates, including a catalog of 104 candidates within the optimistic HZ and 20 candidates with radii less than two Earth radii within the conservative HZ. We cross-match our HZ candidates with the stellar properties and confirmed planet properties from Data Release 25 to provide robust stellar parameters and candidate dispositions. We also include false-positive probabilities recently calculated by Morton et al. for each of the candidates within our catalogs to aid in their validation. Finally, we performed dynamical analysis simulations for multi-planet systems that contain candidates with radii less than two Earth radii as a step toward validation of those systems.
STELLAR POPULATIONS AND STAR FORMATION HISTORY OF THE METAL-POOR DWARF GALAXY DDO 68∗
Authors: Sacchi E. , Annibali F. , Cignoni M. , Aloisi A. , Sohn T. , Tosi M. , Marel R. P. van der , Grocholski A. J. , James B. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the star formation history (SFH) of the extremely metal-poor dwarf galaxy DDO 68, based on our photometry with the Advanced Camera for Surveys. With a metallicity of only

and a very isolated location, DDO 68 is one of the most metal-poor galaxies known. It has been argued that DDO 68 is a young system that started forming stars only ∼0.15 Gyr ago. Our data provide a deep and uncontaminated optical color–magnitude diagram (CMD) that allows us to disprove this hypothesis since we find a population of at least ∼1 Gyr old stars. The star formation activity has been fairly continuous over all the look-back time. The current rate is quite low, and the highest activity occurred between 10 and 100 Myr ago. The average star formation rate over the whole Hubble time is ≃0.01 M
⊙ yr−1, corresponding to a total astrated mass of ≃1.3 × 108
M
⊙. Our photometry allows us to infer the distance from the tip of the red giant branch, D = 12.08 ± 0.67 Mpc; however, to let our synthetic CMD reproduce the observed ones, we need a slightly higher distance, D = 12.65 Mpc, or (m − M)0 = 30.51, still inside the errors of the previous determination, and we adopt the latter. DDO 68 shows a very interesting and complex history, with its quite disturbed shape and a long tail, probably due to tidal interactions. The SFH of the tail differs from that of the main body mainly for enhanced activity at recent epochs likely triggered by the interaction.
Evaluation of the BioFire<sup>®</sup> FilmArray<sup>®</sup> Blood Culture Identification Panel on positive blood cultures in a regional hospital laboratory in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Fhooblall Mokshanand , Nkwanyana Fikile , Mlisana Koleka P. 
Published: September 2016

Background: There are presently many non-culture-based methods commercially available to identify organisms and antimicrobial susceptibility from blood culture bottles. Each platform has its benefits and limitations. However, there is a need for an improved system with minimal hands-on requirements and short run times.Objectives: In this study, the performance characteristics of the FilmArray® BCID Panel kit were evaluated to assess the efficiency of the kit against an existing system used for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms from blood cultures.Methods: Positive blood cultures that had initially been received from hospitalised patients of a large quaternary referral hospital in Durban, South Africa were processed as per routine protocol at its Medical Microbiology Laboratory. Positive blood cultures were processed on the FilmArray BCID Panel kit in parallel with the routine sample processing. Inferences were then drawn from results obtained.Results: Organism detection by the FilmArray BCID panel was accurate at 92.6% when organisms that were on the repertoire of the kit were considered, compared to the combination methods (reference method used in the study laboratory). Detection of the antimicrobial resistance markers provided by the panel and reference method demonstrated 100% consistency. Blood cultures with a single organism were accurately identified at 93.8% by FilmArray, while blood cultures with more than one organism were identified at 85.7%.Conclusion: The FilmArray BCID Panel kit is valuable for detection of organisms and markers of antibiotic resistance for an extensive range of organisms.
Experimental phage therapy against haematogenous multi-drug resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> pneumonia in mice
Authors: Ochieng' Oduor Joseph M. , Onkoba Nyamongo , Maloba Fredrick , Nyachieo Atunga 
Published: September 2016

Background: Community-acquired haematogenous Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia is a rare infection, though it can be acquired nosocomially. Currently, antibiotics used against S. aureus pneumonia have shown reduced efficacy. Thus, there is need for an alternative therapy against multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA) strains in the community.Objective: We sought to determine the efficacy of environmentally-obtained S. aureus lytic phage against haematogenous MDRSA pneumonia in mice.Methods: Phages and MDRSA were isolated from sewage samples collected within Nairobi County, Kenya. Isolated S. aureus bacteria were screened for resistance against ceftazidime, oxacillin, vancomycin, netilmicin, gentamicin, erythromycin, trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole and cefuroxime. Thirty BALB/c mice aged six to eight weeks were randomly assigned into three groups: the MDRSA-infection group (n = 20), the phage-infection group (n = 5) and the non-infection group (n = 5). Mice were infected with either MDRSA or phage (108 CFU/mL) and treated after 72 hours with a single dose of clindamycin (8 mg/kg/bwt) or 108 PFU/mL of phage or a combination therapy (clindamycin and phage). The efficacy of phage, clindamycin or clindamycin with phage combination was determined using resolution of lung pathology and bacterial load in lung homogenates.Results: The viable MDRSA count was 0.5 ± 0.2 log10 CFU/gm in the phage-treated group, 4.4 ± 0.2 log10 CFU/gm in the clindamycin-treated group and 4.0 ± 0.2 log10 CFU/gm in the combination-treated group. The efficacy of phage therapy was significantly different from other therapeutic modes (p = 0 < 0.0001). Histology showed that the mice treated with phage did not develop pneumonia.Conclusion: Phage therapy is effective against haematogenous MDRSA infection. Thus, it can be explored as an alternative treatment method.
A comparison of two assessments of levels of functioning in clients with intellectual disability between occupational therapists and nursing staff within a long-term mental healthcare facility in South Africa
Authors: Van der Linde Janine , Casteleijn Daleen 
Published: September 2016

Background: The implementation of the South African Mental Health Care Act, which regulates care for clients with intellectual disabilities, impacted on the healthcare services provided to this population. Changes in the Act necessitated planning of new care packages, which resulted in the investigation of the current hospital client profile, as well as assessment data on patient abilities according to the occupational therapist and nursing staff as primary caregivers.Methods: A retrospective, descriptive correlation study design was used as information was analysed from an existing database. Descriptive analysis of clients’ demographic data, occupational performance and adaptive functioning were done, as well as a Spearman’s rank correlation test and cluster analysis to describe the association between the levels of functioning as measured by the different professions.Results: The results indicated low levels of abilities, as well as a good to excellent correlation between results of the Fairview self-help scale and Creative Participation Assessment.Conclusion: This study provided preliminary evidence that these two tools are valuable instruments for measuring occupational performance and adaptive functioning in institutions that provide care for this vulnerable and under-researched population.
Does endothelial dysfunction correlate with endocrinal abnormalities in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome?
Authors: Dube Rajani 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTo study and critically analyze the published evidence on correlation of hormonal abnormalities and endothelial dysfunction (ED) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) through a systematic review. The databases including MEDLINE, PubMed, Up-To-Date, and Science Direct were searched using Medical subject handling terms and free text term keywords such as endocrine abnormalities in PCOS, ED assessment in PCOS, ED in combination with insulin resistance (IR), hyperandrogenism (HA), increased free testosterone, free androgen index (FAI), gonadotrophin levels, luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, estrogen, adipocytokines to search trials, and observational studies published from January 1987 to September 2015. Authors of original studies were contacted for additional data when necessary. PCOS increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in women. ED, which is a reliable indicator of cardiovascular risk in general population, is seen in most (but not all) women with PCOS. IR, seen in 70% patients with PCOS, is associated with ED in these women, but patients can have normal endothelial function even in the presence of IR. Free testosterone and FAI are consistently associated with ED, but endothelial function can be normal despite HA. Estradiol (not estrone) appears to be protective against ED though estrone is the predominant estrogen produced in PCOS. Increased levels of adipocytokines (visfatin) are promising in predicting ED and cardiovascular risk. However, more studies are required focusing on direct correlation of levels of prolactin, LH, estrone, and visfatin with ED in PCOS.
Topological quantum phase transition in strongly correlated Kondo insulators in 1D
Authors: Lisandrini Franco Thomas , Lobos Alejandro Martín , Dobry Ariel Oscar , Gazza Claudio Javier 
Published: September 2016

We investigate, by means of a field-theory analysis combined with the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method, a theoretical model for a strongly correlated quantum system in one dimension realizing a topologically-ordered Haldane phase ground state. The model consists of a spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain coupled to a tight-binding chain via two competing Kondo exchange couplings of different type: a ``$s$-wave'' Kondo coupling ($J^s_{K}$), and a less common ``$p$-wave'' ($J^p_{K}$) Kondo coupling. While the first coupling is the standard Kondo interaction studied in many condensed-matter systems, the latter has been recently introduced by Alexandrov and Coleman [Phys. Rev. B 90, 115147 (2014)] as a possible mechanism leading to a topological Kondo-insulating ground state in one dimension. As a result of this competition, a topological quantum phase transition (TQPT) occurs in the system for a critical value of the ratio $J^s_{K}/J^p_{K}$, separating a (Haldane-type) topological phase from a topologically trivial ground state where the system can be essentially described as a product of local singlets. We study and characterize the TQPT by means of the magnetization profile, the entanglement entropy and the full entanglement spectrum of the ground state. Our results might be relevant to understand how topologically-ordered phases of fermions emerge in strongly interacting quantum systems. Received: 1 July 2016, Accepted: 30 August 2016; Edited by: K. Hallberg; Reviewed by: D. C. Cabra, Instituto de Física La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.080005Cite as: F T Lisandrini, A M Lobos, A O Dobry, C J Gazza, Papers in Physics 8, 080005 (2016)This paper, by F T Lisandrini, A M Lobos, A O Dobry, C J Gazza, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0.
On tense, aspect and negation markings in Ògbahù dialect of Ìgbò
Authors: Maduagwu Georgina O. , Obiamalu Greg O. 
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a descriptive account of some grammatical categories in gbahù dialect of the Ìgbò language, one of the three major languages of Nigeria, West Africa. The purpose of this study is to show how these grammatical categories operate in gbahù dialect. These grammatical categories (functors) are Tense, Aspect, Negation and Agreement. The study reveals that both Tense and Aspect exist as functional categories in gbahù dialect, contrary to earlier works on Ìgbò which claimed that Aspect rather than Tense is explicitly marked in Ìgbò. The -lV suffix clearly instantiates past tense in different constructions in gbahù. The study further reveals the existence of the E-/Aprefix as a default agreement marker which occurs only in negative constructions.Keywords: gbahù, tense, aspect, negation