bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preharvest Food Safety Challenges in Beef and Dairy Production
Authors: Smith David R. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Foods of animal origin, including beef and dairy products, are nutritious and important to global food security. However, there are important risks to human health from hazards that are introduced to beef and dairy products on the farm. Food safety hazards may be chemical, biological, or physical in nature. Considerations about protecting the safety of beef and dairy products must begin prior to harvest because some potential food safety hazards introduced at the farm (e.g., chemical residues) cannot be mitigated by subsequent postharvest food processing steps. Also, some people have preferences for consuming food that has not been through postharvest processing even though those foods may be unsafe because of microbiological hazards originating from the farm. Because of human fallibility and complex microbial ecologies, many of the preharvest hazards associated with beef and dairy products cannot entirely be eliminated, but the risk for most can be reduced through systematic interventions taken on the farm. Beef and dairy farms differ widely in production practices because of differences in natural, human, and capital resources. Therefore, the actions necessary to minimize on-farm food safety hazards must be farm-specific and they must address scientific, political, economic, and practical aspects. Notable successes in controlling and preventing on-farm hazards to food safety have occurred through a combination of voluntary and regulatory efforts.
Mouse and Guinea Pig Models of Tuberculosis
Authors: Orme Ian M. , Ordway Diane J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThis article describes the nature of the host response toMycobacterium tuberculosisin the mouse and guinea pig models of infection. It describes the great wealth of information obtained from the mouse model, reflecting the general availability of immunological reagents, as well as genetic manipulations of the mouse strains themselves. This has led to a good understanding of the nature of the T-cell response to the infection, as well as an appreciation of the complexity of the response involving multiple cytokine- and chemokine-mediated systems. As described here and elsewhere, we have a growing understanding of how multiple CD4-positive T-cell subsets are involved, including regulatory T cells, TH17 cells, as well as the subsequent emergence of effector and central memory T-cell subsets. While, in contrast, our understanding of the host response in the guinea pig model is less advanced, considerable strides have been made in the past decade in terms of defining the basis of the immune response, as well as a better understanding of the immunopathologic process. This model has long been the gold standard for vaccine testing, and more recently is being revisited as a model for testing new drug regimens (bedaquiline being the latest example).
Non-Human Primate Models of Tuberculosis
Authors: Peña Juliet C. , Ho Wen-Zhe 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Among the animal models of tuberculosis (TB), the non-human primates, particularly rhesus macaques (
Macaca fascicularis
) and cynomolgus macaques (
Macaca mulatta
), share the greatest anatomical and physiological similarities with humans. Macaques are highly susceptible to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection and manifest the complete spectrum of clinical and pathological manifestations of TB as seen in humans. Therefore, the macaque models have been used extensively for investigating the pathogenesis of
M. tuberculosis
infection and for preclinical testing of drugs and vaccines against TB. This review focuses on published major studies that exemplify how the rhesus and cynomolgus macaques have enhanced and may continue to advance global efforts in TB research.
Human Immunology of Tuberculosis
Authors: Scriba Thomas J. , Coussens Anna K. , Fletcher Helen A. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTImmunology is a central theme when it comes to tuberculosis (TB). The outcome of human infection withMycobacterium tuberculosisis dependent on the ability of the immune response to clear or contain the infection. In cases where this fails, the bacterium replicates, disseminates within the host, and elicits a pathologic inflammatory response, and disease ensues. Clinical presentation of TB disease is remarkably heterogeneous, and the disease phenotype is largely dependent on host immune status. Onward transmission ofM. tuberculosisto new susceptible hosts is thought to depend on an excessive inflammatory response causing a breakdown of the lung matrix and formation of lung cavities. But this varies in cases of underlying immunological dysfunction: for example, HIV-1 infection is associated with less cavitation, while diabetes mellitus comorbidity is associated with increased cavitation and risk of transmission. In compliance with the central theme of immunology in tuberculosis, we rely on detection of an adaptive immune response, in the form of interferon-gamma release assays or tuberculin skin tests, to diagnose infection withM. tuberculosis. Here we review the immunology of TB in the human host, focusing on cellular and humoral adaptive immunity as well as key features of innate immune responses and the underlying immunological dysfunction which associates with human TB risk factors. Our review is restricted to human immunology, and we highlight distinctions from the immunological dogma originating from animal models of TB, which pervade the field.
Sparse Fault-Tolerant BFS Structures
Authors: Parter Merav , Peleg David 
Published: October 2016

A
fault-tolerant
structure for a network is required for continued functioning following the failure of some of the network’s edges or vertices. This article considers
breadth-first search (BFS)
spanning trees and addresses the problem of designing a sparse
fault-tolerant
BFS structure (FT-BFS structure), namely, a sparse subgraph
T
of the given network
G
such that subsequent to the failure of a single edge or vertex, the surviving part
T
′ of
T
still contains a BFS spanning tree for (the surviving part of)
G
. For a source node
s
, a target node
t
, and an edge
e
∈
G
, the shortest
s
−
t
path
P

s
,
t
,
e

that does not go through
e
is known as a
replacement path
. Thus, our FT-BFS structure contains the collection of all replacement paths
P

s
,
t
,
e

for every
t
∈
V
(
G
) and every failed edge
e
∈
E
(
G
). Our main results are as follows. We present an algorithm that for every
n
-vertex graph
G
and source node
s
constructs a (single edge failure) FT-BFS structure rooted at
s
with
O
(
n
ċ min {Depth(
s
), √n{) edges, where Depth(
s
) is the depth of the BFS tree rooted at
s
. This result is complemented by a matching lower bound, showing that there exist
n
-vertex graphs with a source node
s
for which any edge (or vertex) FT-BFS structure rooted at
s
has Ω(
n
3/2
) edges. We then consider
fault-tolerant multi-source BFS structures
(FT-MBFS structures), aiming to provide (following a failure) a BFS tree rooted at each source
s
∈
S
for some subset of sources
S
⊆
V
. Again, tight bounds are provided, showing that there exists a poly-time algorithm that for every
n
-vertex graph and source set
S
⊆
V
of size σ constructs a (single failure) FT-MBFS structure
T
*(
S
) from each source

s
i

∈
S
, with
O
(√σ ċ
n
<sup;>3/2</sup;>) edges, and, on the other hand, there exist
n
-vertex graphs with source sets
S
⊆
V
of cardinality σ, on which any FT-MBFS structure from
S
has Ω(√σ ċ
n
3/2
) edges. Finally, we propose an
O
(log
n
) approximation algorithm for constructing FT-BFS and FT-MBFS structures. The latter is complemented by a hardness result stating that there exists no Ω(log
n
) approximation algorithm for these problems under standard complexity assumptions. In comparison with previous constructions, our algorithm is deterministic and may improve the number of edges by a factor of up to √
n
for some instances. All our algorithms can be extended to deal with one
vertex
failure as well, with the same performance.
Transcription Factor ZBP-89 Drives a Feedforward Loop of β-Catenin Expression in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Essien Bryan E. , Sundaresan Sinju , Ocadiz-Ruiz Ramon , Chavis Aaron , Tsao Amy C. , Tessier Arthur J. , Hayes Michael M. , Photenhauer Amanda , Saqui-Salces Milena , Kang Anthony J. , Shah Yatrik M. , Győrffy Balazs , Merchant Juanita L. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In colorectal cancer, APC-mediated induction of unregulated cell growth involves posttranslational mechanisms that prevent proteasomal degradation of proto-oncogene β-catenin (CTNNB1) and its eventual translocation to the nucleus. However, about 10% of colorectal tumors also exhibit increased CTNNB1 mRNA. Here, we show in colorectal cancer that increased expression of ZNF148, the gene coding for transcription factor ZBP-89, correlated with reduced patient survival. Tissue arrays showed that ZBP-89 protein was overexpressed in the early stages of colorectal cancer. Conditional deletion of Zfp148 in a mouse model of Apc-mediated intestinal polyps demonstrated that ZBP-89 was required for polyp formation due to induction of Ctnnb1 gene expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and EMSA identified a ZBP-89–binding site in the proximal promoter of CTNNB1. Reciprocally, siRNA-mediated reduction of CTNNB1 expression also decreased ZBP-89 protein. ChIP identified TCF DNA binding sites in the ZNF148 promoter through which Wnt signaling regulates ZNF148 gene expression. Suppression of either ZNF148 or CTNNB1 reduced colony formation in WNT-dependent, but not WNT-independent cell lines. Therefore, the increase in intracellular β-catenin protein initiated by APC mutations is sustained by ZBP-89–mediated feedforward induction of CTNNB1 mRNA. Cancer Res; 76(23); 6877–87. ©2016 AACR.
Targeting BRK-Positive Breast Cancers with Small-Molecule Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Jiang Jie , Gui Fu , He Zhixiang , Li Li , Li Yunzhan , Li Shunying , Wu Xinrui , Deng Zhou , Sun Xihuan , Huang Xiaoxing , Huang Wei , Han Shang , Zhang Ting , Wang Zheng , Jiao Bo , Song Siyang , Wang Hongrui , Chen Lanfen , Zhou Dawang , Liu Qiang , Ren Ruibao , Zhang Jianming , Deng Xianming 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Approximately 80% of breast cancers overexpress the kinase breast tumor kinase (BRK)/protein tyrosine kinase 6, which has various oncogenic roles in breast cancer cell proliferation, survival, and migration. However, BRK inhibitors have yet to be explored as possible therapeutic tools. In this study, we used a parallel compound-centric approach to discover a new class of pharmaceutical agents, exemplified by XMU-MP-2, as potent and selective BRK inhibitors. XMU-MP-2 exhibited target-specific inhibition of BRK kinase activity and disrupted signaling pathways mediated by this activity, thereby reducing proliferation in BRK-positive breast cancer cells. In mouse xenograft models, XMU-MP-2 repressed the growth of tumors driven by oncogenic BRK, including BRK-transformed Ba/F3 cells and BRK-positive breast cancer cells. Notably, XMU-MP-2 cooperated strongly with HER2 inhibitor or ER blockade to block breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for therapeutic targeting of the BRK kinase in breast cancer. Cancer Res; 77(1); 175–86. ©2016 AACR.
Tie2 Expression on Macrophages Is Required for Blood Vessel Reconstruction and Tumor Relapse after Chemotherapy
Authors: Chen Lin , Li Jie , Wang Fei , Dai Chengliang , Wu Fan , Liu Xiaoman , Li Taotao , Glauben Rainer , Zhang Yi , Nie Guangjun , He Yulong , Qin Zhihai 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Tumor relapse after chemotherapy is a major hurdle for successful cancer therapy. Chemotherapeutic drugs select for resistant tumor cells and reshape tumor microenvironment, including the blood supply system. Using animal models, we observed on macrophages in tumor tissue a close correlation between upregulated Tie2 expression and tumor relapse upon chemotherapy. Conditional deletion of Tie2 expression in macrophages significantly prohibited blood supply and regrowth of tumors. Tie2+ macrophages were derived from tumor-infiltrating Tie2−CD11b+ cells and hypoxia-induced Tie2 expression on these cells. Mechanistically, expression of Tie2 prevented macrophages from apoptosis in stress conditions via the AKT-dependent signaling pathway. Together, these results demonstrate that Tie2 expression by macrophages is necessary and sufficient to promote the reconstruction of blood vessels after chemotherapy, shedding new light on developing novel strategies to inhibit tumor relapse. Cancer Res; 76(23); 6828–38. ©2016 AACR.
Exploring Differences in the Aspirin–Colorectal Cancer Association by Sex and Race/Ethnicity: The Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Park Song-Yi , Wilkens Lynne R. , Kolonel Laurence N. , Monroe Kristine R. , Haiman Christopher A. , Marchand Loïc Le 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Background: Evidence has accumulated that long-term use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) protects against colorectal cancer. We tested whether the inverse associations between NSAIDs and colorectal cancer is similarly observed across sexes and five racial/ethnic groups (Japanese, Latino, African American, Native Hawaiian, and white) in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study.
Methods: During a mean follow-up of 16.1 years, we identified 4,882 invasive incident colorectal cancer cases among 183,199 eligible participants. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: Use of aspirin and other NSAIDs was associated with a lower incidence of colorectal cancer in men (HR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.69–0.86 for current vs. never users of aspirin) but not in women (Pinteraction = 0.005). Among male current users, a reduced risk was observed with ≥6 years of aspirin or total NSAID use. The inverse association with current NSAID use in men was observed in all racial/ethnic groups, except for Native Hawaiians, and was stronger in whites.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the benefit of NSAIDs for colorectal cancer may be strongest for white men and generalizes to African American, Japanese, and Latino, but not to Native Hawaiian men. The lack of inverse association observed in women and Native Hawaiian men in the MEC should be interpreted with caution.
Impact: As only very few ethnic/racial groups are likely to be represented in trials of NSAIDs and colorectal cancer, it is important to conduct prospective observational studies in various populations to test the generalizability of their results. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(2); 162–9. ©2016 AACR.
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Study of Veliparib in Combination with Carboplatin and Paclitaxel for Advanced/Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ramalingam Suresh S. , Blais Normand , Mazieres Julien , Reck Martin , Jones C. Michael , Juhasz Erzsebet , Urban Laszlo , Orlov Sergey , Barlesi Fabrice , Kio Ebenezer , Keiholz Ulrich , Qin Qin , Qian Jiang , Nickner Caroline , Dziubinski Juliann , Xiong Hao , Ansell Peter , McKee Mark , Giranda Vincent , Gorbunova Vera 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Purpose: PARP plays an important role in DNA repair. Veliparib, a PARP inhibitor, enhances the efficacy of platinum compounds and has been safely combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel. The primary endpoint of this phase II trial determined whether addition of veliparib to carboplatin and paclitaxel improved progression-free survival (PFS) in previously untreated patients with advanced/metastatic non–small cell lung cancer.
Experimental Design: Patients were randomized 2:1 to carboplatin and paclitaxel with either veliparib or placebo. Veliparib (120 mg) or placebo was given on days 1 to 7 of each 3-week cycle, with carboplatin (AUC = 6 mg/mL/min) and paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) administered on day 3, for a maximum of 6 cycles.
Results: Overall, 158 were included (median age, 63 years; male 68%, squamous histology 48%). Median PFS was 5.8 months in the veliparib group versus 4.2 months in the placebo group [HR, 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45–1.15; P = 0.17)]. Median overall survival (OS) was 11.7 and 9.1 months in the veliparib and placebo groups, respectively (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.54–1.18; P = 0.27). In patients with squamous histology, median PFS (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.26–1.12; P = 0.098) and OS (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.43–1.24; P = 0.24) favored veliparib treatment. Objective response rate was similar between groups (veliparib: 32.4%; placebo: 32.1%), but duration of response favored veliparib treatment (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.16–1.42; P = 0.18). Grade III/IV neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia were comparable between groups.
Conclusions: Veliparib combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel was well-tolerated and demonstrated a favorable trend in PFS and OS versus chemotherapy alone. Patients with squamous histology had the best outcomes with veliparib combination. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 1937–44. ©2016 AACR.
Segmentation of Retail Mobile Market Using HMS Algorithm
Authors: Anusha Koyi , C Yashaswini , S Manishankar 
Published: October 2016

<p class="Abstract">In the modern world of marketing, analyzing the trends in market is a key point towards to scope of improvement of any company. Considering the analysis of a retail market where market trends change very frequently based on customer needs and interest is highly challenging. Market segmentation is one of the approaches included in analysis of market trends which gives a diverse view of the market. The research here concentrates, especially on a case study based on fast moving consumable goods market and identifying market change patterns by applying a novel data mining approach. Data mining includes a wide variety of techniques and algorithm which can be effectively used in the process of market analysis. The research work carried out coins a new algorithm which combines various association rules and techniques, the HMS (Hybrid market segmentation) algorithm with some specialized criteria is used to support the market segmentation. The primary data needed for the analysis and operation are collected through a questionnaire based survey conducted on people from various demographic regions as well as various age groups. Used a quota based sampling approach for the research, The data mining approach here helps to study the large dataset collected and also to extract the useful information required to model the system. The system here is a learning system which improves the market segmentation functionality as data set improves, The paper implements a hybrid data mining approach which effectively segments the retail mobile market in to various customer and product groups and also provides a prediction and suggestion system for company as well as customer. </p>
Neural Networks for Flow Bottom Hole Pressure Prediction
Authors: Awadalla Medhat , Yousef Hassan 
Published: October 2016

Installation of down-hole gauges in oil wells to determine Flowing Bottom-Hole Pressure (FBHP) is a dominant process especially in wells lifted with electrical submersible pumps. However, intervening a well occasionally is an exhaustive task, associated with production risk, and interruption. The previous empirical correlations and mechanistic models failed to provide a satisfactory and reliable tool for estimating pressure drop in multiphase flowing wells. This paper aims to find the optimum parameters of Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) with back-propagation algorithm to predict the flowing bottom-hole pressure in vertical oil wells. The developed neural network models rely on a large amount of available historical data measured from actual different oil fields. The unsurpassed number of neural network layers, the number of neurons per layer, and the number of trained samples required to get an outstanding performance have been obtained. Intensive experiments have been conducted and for the sake of qualitative comparison, Radial Basis neural and network and the empirical modes have been developed. The paper showed that the accuracy of FBHP estimation using FFNN with two hidden layer model is better than FFNN with single hidden layer model, Radial Basis neural network, and the empirical model in terms of data set used, mean square error, and the correlation coefficient error. With best results of 1.4 root mean square error (RMSE), 1.4 standard deviation of relative error (STD), correlation coefficient (R) 1.0 and 99.4% of the test data sets achieved less than 5% error. The minimum sufficient number of data sets used in training ANN model can be low as 12.5% of the total data sets to give 3.4 RMSE and 97% of the test data achieved 90% accuracy.
Active LC Clamp dv/dt Filter for Voltage Reflection due to Long Cable in Induction Motor Drives
Authors: R Mini , Joshi Manjiri , Satheesh B. Hariram , M.N. Dinesh 
Published: October 2016

<p class="JESAbstract">This paper presents an active LC clamped dv/dt filter to mitigate the over voltages appearing across the motor terminals. The over voltages at motor terminal is due to voltage reflection effect of long motor cable connected between high frequency PWM inverter having high dv/dt switching waveforms and ac motor drives. The voltage reflection due to fast switching transients can be reduced by increasing the rise time and fall time of inverter output voltage pulses. The most commonly available mitigating technique is a passive dv/dt filter between inverter and cable. Since, size, cost and losses of passive LC dv/dt filter is more, an active dv/dt filtering technique is used to reduce over voltage at motor terminals. Active LC clamp filtering technique used here consists of a small LC filter designed for a single motor cable length which can be used for any lengths of cable up to 1000m only by changing the active control of the PWM pulses to achieve the desired voltage slope during voltage transition period. The basic principle of active dv/dt filer used here is to charge and discharge the capacitor in the filter with modified PWM pulses to increase the rise time and fall time of output voltage pulses without any extra devices to handle the transient response of the LC filter. Detailed investigation is carried out by simulation using MATLAB-Simulink software with active control of common LC clamp dv/dt filter suitable for various cable lengths ranging from 100 m to 1000 m. Comparative analysis is done with active dv/dt filter designed with a common LC clamp filter and active LC clamp dv/dt filter designed for various cable lengths and also with diode clamped passive dv/dt filter. The results proves the effectiveness of the active common LC dv/dt filter to mitigate the over voltages at motor terminal for cable lengths up to 1000m.</p>