bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between HIV-1 Tat and Vif amino acid sequence variation, inflammation and Trp-Kyn metabolism: an exploratory investigation
Authors: Williams Monray E. , Asia Levanco K. , Lindeque Zander , Jansen van Vuren Esmé 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
HIV-1 has well-established mechanisms to disrupt essential pathways in people with HIV, such as inflammation and metabolism. Moreover, diversity of the amino acid sequences in fundamental HIV-1 proteins including Tat and Vif, have been linked to dysregulating these pathways, and subsequently influencing clinical outcomes in people with HIV. However, the relationship between Tat and Vif amino acid sequence variation and specific immune markers and metabolites of the tryptophan-kynurenine (Trp-Kyn) pathway remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between Tat/Vif amino acid sequence diversity and Trp-Kyn metabolites (quinolinic acid (QUIN), Trp, kynurenic acid (KA), Kyn and Trp/Kyn ratio), as well as specific immune markers (sCD163, suPAR, IL-6, NGAL and hsCRP) in n = 67 South African cART-naïve people with HIV.

Methods
Sanger sequencing was used to determine blood-derived Tat/Vif amino acid sequence diversity. To measure Trp-Kyn metabolites, a LC–MS/MS metabolomics platform was employed using a targeted approach. To measure immune markers, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and the Particle-enhanced turbidimetric assay was used.

Results
After adjusting for covariates, sCD163 (p = 0.042) and KA (p = 0.031) were higher in participants with Tat signatures N24 and R57, respectively, and amino acid variation at position 24 (adj R2 = 0.048, β = -0.416, p = 0.042) and 57 (adj R2 = 0.166, β = 0.535, p = 0.031) of Tat were associated with sCD163 and KA, respectively.

Conclusions
These preliminary findings suggest that amino acid variation in Tat may have an influence on underlying pathogenic HIV-1 mechanisms and therefore, this line of work merits further investigation.
Perceptions of HIV self-testing promotion in black barbershop businesses: implications for equitable engagement of black-owned small businesses for public health programs
Authors: Conserve Donaldson F. , Mathews Allison , Janson Samuel , Nwaozuru Ucheoma , Jennings Mayo-Wilson Larissa , Ritchwood Tiarney D. , Ahonkhai Aima A. , Diallo Hassim , Korede Tayo , Dieng Arona , Randolph Angela F. , Team BRIDGE Research 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
HIV self-testing (HIVST) offers an innovative and promising approach to increasing HIV testing among Black men in the United States, a population disproportionately affected by HIV. However, engaging Black men in traditional HIV prevention programs has been challenging due to stigma, medical mistrust, and limited access to preventive health services. This formative qualitative study aimed to explore the potential of utilizing barbershops as an example of a nontraditional healthcare venue to promote and distribute HIVST.

Methods
Four virtual focus group discussions (FGDs) consisting of 19 participants in North Carolina were conducted with Black men, including barbershop business owners, barbers, and their customers, to assess perceptions of HIVST and the acceptability of partnering with barbershop businesses to promote HIVST. FGDs were digitally recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a deductive coding approach to thematic analysis.

Results
Participants reported that the trusting relationship between barbers and their customers, which may not exist between Black men and health care providers, is a facilitator of collaborating with barbershop businesses to reach Black men for HIVST distribution. Participants recommended providing education for barbers on the use of HIVST, as well as how to inform self-testers about linkage to care following HIVST to build the credibility of the barbers in delivering the intervention. Participants also raised the issue of the cost of HIVST to barbershop customers as a potential barrier to implementation, as well as the possibility that the implementation of such interventions could be seen as out of place in a barbershop business venue. Participants also expressed a strong belief that compensation to barbershops and their employees should accompany any intervention.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that barbershop business venues may provide an appropriate venue for HIVST promotion and distribution, though factors like cost, training, and incentivization of implementers are necessary to consider in implementation planning. Furthermore, partnerships between public health actors and the business community must be built on equitable engagement to ensure the long-term viability of these critical initiatives.
The association between dietary antioxidant quality score and intensity and frequency of migraine headaches among women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hajishizari Sara , Mirzababaei Atieh , Abaj Faezeh , Bahrampour Niki , Moradi Sajjad , C.T. Clark Cain , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Migraine is an episodic disorder and a frequent form of headache. An impaired balance between free radical production and an impaired antioxidant defense system leading to oxidative damage may play a major role in migraine etiology. We sought to investigate whether dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS) is associated with migraine intensity and frequency among women suffering from migraine.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 265 women. The data related to anthropometric measures and dietary intake were collected. DAQS score was calculated based on FFQ (food frequency questionnaire) vs. the reference daily intake (RDI) quantity. To measure migraine intensity, the migraine disability assessment questionnaire (MIDAS) and visual analog scale (VAS) were used. The frequency of headaches was defined as the days the participants had headaches in the last month and a 30-day headache diary was used.

Results
The results of the study demonstrated that VAS, MIDAS, and frequency of headaches were reduced significantly from the low DAQS (poor quality of antioxidants) to high DAQS (high quality of antioxidants) after adjusting covariates. Also, multinomial regression showed there was an inverse association between higher DAQS and the frequency of headaches. In the adjusted model, subjects with the higher DAQS were 69% less likely to have moderate migraine disability, compared with those with the lower DAQS. Linear regression showed, there was an inverse association between vitamin C intake and the grades of pain severity.َAlso in a crude model, a negative association was found between vitamin E and the frequency of headaches.

Conclusion
In conclusion, Participants with higher DAQS had lower migraine intensity and headache frequency. In addition, the consumption of vitamin C may potentially associate with decreasing the severity of headaches. Dietary antioxidants should be monitored closely in individuals suffering from migraine.
Combined effects of landscape fragmentation and sampling frequency of movement data on the assessment of landscape connectivity
Authors: Prima Marie-Caroline , Garel Mathieu , Marchand Pascal , Redcliffe James , Börger Luca , Barnier Florian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Network theory is largely applied in real-world systems to assess landscape connectivity using empirical or theoretical networks. Empirical networks are usually built from discontinuous individual movement trajectories without knowing the effect of relocation frequency on the assessment of landscape connectivity while theoretical networks generally rely on simple movement rules. We investigated the combined effects of relocation sampling frequency and landscape fragmentation on the assessment of landscape connectivity using simulated trajectories and empirical high-resolution (1 Hz) trajectories of Alpine ibex (Capra ibex). We also quantified the capacity of commonly used theoretical networks to accurately predict landscape connectivity from multiple movement processes.

Methods
We simulated forager trajectories from continuous correlated biased random walks in simulated landscapes with three levels of landscape fragmentation. High-resolution ibex trajectories were reconstructed using GPS-enabled multi-sensor biologging data and the dead-reckoning technique. For both simulated and empirical trajectories, we generated spatial networks from regularly resampled trajectories and assessed changes in their topology and information loss depending on the resampling frequency and landscape fragmentation. We finally built commonly used theoretical networks in the same landscapes and compared their predictions to actual connectivity.

Results
We demonstrated that an accurate assessment of landscape connectivity can be severely hampered (e.g., up to 66% of undetected visited patches and 29% of spurious links) when the relocation frequency is too coarse compared to the temporal dynamics of animal movement. However, the level of landscape fragmentation and underlying movement processes can both mitigate the effect of relocation sampling frequency. We also showed that network topologies emerging from different movement behaviours and a wide range of landscape fragmentation were complex, and that commonly used theoretical networks accurately predicted only 30–50% of landscape connectivity in such environments.

Conclusions
Very high-resolution trajectories were generally necessary to accurately identify complex network topologies and avoid the generation of spurious information on landscape connectivity. New technologies providing such high-resolution datasets over long periods should thus grow in the movement ecology sphere. In addition, commonly used theoretical models should be applied with caution to the study of landscape connectivity in real-world systems as they did not perform well as predictive tools.
A convenient archaeological ruins identification method through elevation information extraction from CORONA stereo pairs
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Wang Ningyuan , He Jie , Zhang Tao , Zhang Xin , Luo Hongpeng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) stereo images can be generated via computer-based image processing of CORONA stereo pairs. To a certain extent, important terrain and surface feature data extracted from these stereo images can improve the survey of archaeological sites and the identification and mapping of major landscapes. In this study, we focused on the identification of the archaeological ruins of Liangzhu City. An optical stereo model (red/blue stereo image) of the Liangzhu site was created through computer-based mosaicking and processing of CORONA remote-sensing stereo pairs taken in the 1960s and 1970s. By importing the optical stereo model into mobile phones, tablet computers, and other mobile devices, the research team undertook real-time locating of ruins via human observation, on-site investigation, and image overlay during a field survey and identified several Liangzhu-period dams, some of which have been confirmed via archaeological field investigations. The research team later applied the same method to the identification of tombs at the site of the mausoleums of the six emperors of the Southern Song dynasty. The results further prove that this method is feasible and reliable and can be widely promoted and used for the identification of archaeological ruins.
Mixture of biochar as a green additive in cement-based materials for carbon dioxide sequestration
Authors: Kushwah Sini , Singh Shweta , Agarwal Rachit , Nighot Nikhil Sanjay , Kumar Rajesh , Athar Humaira , Naik B Srinivasarao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCement production for concrete is one of the main reasons why the building industry contributes significantly to carbon dioxide emissions. This paper investigates an innovative approach to utilizing CO2 by incorporating mixed biochar in mortar. Various dosages (0%, 3%, 5%, and 10%) of mixed biochar were explored to assess their impact on the structural properties and environmental sustainability. In this study, mixed biochar was prepared using the pyrolysis method, in which biomasses (rice husk and sawdust) were heated in the absence of oxygen for 2 h in a muffle furnace at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min to 550 ℃ with a 2-h holding time. The replacement of biochar was done with cement in a mortar mixture for casting the cubes followed by putting them in the carbonation chamber for 28 days curing. After that, the cured samples were tested for mechanical strength, porosity, density, and water absorption. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that biochar supplementation promoted cement hydration products. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis showed that several cement hydrates such as C-S–H, Ca(OH)2, and CaCO3 were formed with different doses of biochar and increased mechanical strength. Addition of 10 wt. % biochar increased the compressive strength of the composite by 24.2% than the control respectively, and successfully promoted the CO2 sequestration with 6% CO2 uptake after 28 days of accelerated CO2 curing. The present research has shown the benefits of optimally integrating mixed biochar with cement in the development of low-carbon, sustainable cementitious materials that have the potential to convert building materials like concrete in the future.
Neuroma-to-Nerve Ratio: Does Size Matter?
Authors: Weigel Daniel T. , Raasveld Floris V. , Liu Wen-Chih , Mayrhofer-Schmid Maximilian , Hwang Charles D. , Tereshenko Vlad , Renthal William , Woolf Clifford J. , Valerio Ian L. , Eberlin Kyle R. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Anatomic features of neuromas have been explored in imaging studies. However, there has been limited research into these features using resected, ex vivo human neuroma specimens. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence that time may have on neuroma growth and size, and the clinical significance of these parameters.

METHODS:
Patients who underwent neuroma excision between 2022 through 2023 were prospectively included in this study. Neuroma specimens were obtained after operative resection. Standardized neuroma size measurements, expressed as a neuroma-to-nerve ratio (NNR), were conducted with ImageJ software. Pain data (numeric rating scale, 0-10) were prospectively recorded during preoperative evaluation, and patient factors were collected from chart reviews.

RESULTS:
Fifty terminal neuroma specimens from 31 patients were included, with 94.0% of the neuromas obtained from individuals with amputations. Most neuromas were excised from the lower extremities (n = 44, 88.0%). The neuromas had a median NNR of 2.45, and the median injury to neuroma excision interval was 6.3 years. Larger NNRs were associated with a longer injury to neuroma excision interval and with a smaller native nerve diameter. In addition, sensory nerves were associated with a larger NNR compared with mixed nerves. NNR was not associated with preoperative pain or with anatomical nerve distribution.

CONCLUSION:
This study suggests that neuromas seem to continue to grow over time and that smaller nerves may form relatively larger neuromas. In addition, sensory nerves develop relatively larger neuromas compared with mixed nerves. Neuroma size does not appear to correlate with pain severity. These findings may stimulate future research efforts and contribute to a better understanding of symptomatic neuroma development.
Quasi-steady aerodynamic theory under-predicts glide performance in flying snakes
Authors: Yeaton Isaac J. , Ross Shane D. , Socha John J. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Flying snakes (genus Chrysopelea) glide without the use of wings. Instead, they splay their ribs and undulate through the air. A snake's ability to glide depends on how well its morphing wing-body produces lift and drag forces. However, previous kinematics experiments under-resolved the body, making it impossible to estimate the aerodynamic load on the animal or to quantify the different wing configurations throughout the glide. Here, we present new kinematic analyses of a previous glide experiment, and use the results to test a theoretical model of flying snake aerodynamics using previously measured lift and drag coefficients to estimate the aerodynamic forces. This analysis is enabled by new measurements of the center of mass motion based on experimental data. We found that quasi-steady aerodynamic theory under-predicts lift by 35% and over-predicts drag by 40%. We also quantified the relative spacing of the body as the snake translates through the air. In steep glides, the body is generally not positioned to experience tandem effects from wake interaction during the glide. These results suggest that unsteady 3D effects, with appreciable force enhancement, are important for snake flight. Future work can use the kinematics data presented herein to form test conditions for physical modeling, as well as computational studies to understand unsteady fluid dynamics effects on snake flight.
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Authors: Capodosal Gerardo , Holden Diane , Maloy Wyatt , Schroeder Jeremy D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThoracic outlet syndrome is a complex syndrome that manifests with symptoms based on the presumed injury or impairment of the neurovascular structures in the thoracic outlet space with its intricate anatomy and pathophysiology. The thoracic outlet is a specific anatomical region with three distinct anatomical spaces — interscalene triangle, the costoclavicular space, and the retro-pectoralis minor space. Thoracic outlet syndrome is classified into neurogenic, venous, and arterial thoracic outlet syndrome and often poses diagnostic challenge to implicate a specific condition or cause. Many cases of thoracic outlet syndrome can be effectively managed through conservative measures, but patients with refractory symptoms may warrant surgical intervention. Modalities such as intramuscular anesthetic and botulinum toxin injections hold promise as diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic procedures. Further research and collaboration are needed to develop algorithms for diagnosis and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms. This review aims to explore our understanding of thoracic outlet syndrome, with a focus on current evidence and emerging trends.
The impact of Lyme disease on quality of life and multiorgan function, diagnosis, late stages of the disease and PTLDS
Authors: Dutka Martyna , Bernacki Radosław , Bernacki Piotr , Zardzewiały Witold , Skrzyńska Klaudia , Zaremskyi Oleksii , Fuszara Kamil , Mordasiewicz Dominika , Mendyk Krzysztof 
Published: September 2024

Introduction and purpose of the work:
Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in the world. It is caused by bacteria of the Borrelia genus. It is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes genus. The disease caused by these bacteria can affect many organs of the human body. Knowledge about diagnosis, form of the disease and treatment is necessary because this disease entity can often be encountered in clinical practice. The aim of the study is to present information on available diagnostic methods and to describe the organ form of the disease, distinguishing: articular form, cardiac form and neuroborreliosis, based on a review of the current literature.

Review methods:
The review is based on 20 articles obtained from PubMed databases, using the keywords: "Lyme joint disease", "neuroborrelia", "Lyme heart disease". Published between 2000 and 2023.

Brief description of the state of knowledge:
Lyme disease most often causes symptoms affecting the skin, musculoskeletal system, heart muscle, and nervous system. The diagnosis of the disease is based on the clinical symptoms presented by the patient. The key symptom of the disease is the presence of erythema migrans (EM). The articular form of Lyme disease is characterized by an ongoing inflammatory process located within the joint. It is located within large ponds. The most common cardiac form of the disease is self-limiting cardiac inflammation caused by Lyme disease. However, in the course of neuroborreliosis, meningitis is observed. Treatment is based on antibiotic therapy.

Conclusions:
Lyme disease is a life-threatening disease. It can cause non-specific symptoms, so it is important to diagnose it as early as possible and treat it to prevent progression.
USO DE VANT PARA MAPEAMENTO DAS TAXAS DE PERMEABILIDADE URBANA INTRA-LOTE
Authors: Pavan Nayara Rafaela de Mendonça , Oliveira Filho Paulo Costa , Andrade Aparecido Ribeiro de 
Published: September 2024

A urbanização desordenada e as consequentes alterações no uso do solo urbano vêm resultando na recorrência de eventos de inundações urbanas, demonstrando a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento nas políticas de planejamento e expansão urbana. Nesse contexto, o mapeamento do uso e ocupação do solo por meio de sensoriamento remoto é uma importante ferramenta de suporte à tomada de decisão pela administração pública. Com os avanços da tecnologia, a possibilidade de obtenção de imagens por meio de VANTS (Veículos aéreos não tripulados) se popularizou. Diante disso, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo, avaliar a efetividade do uso de imagens aéreas de altíssima resolução espacial obtidas por VANT, enquanto ferramenta para o mapeamento e fiscalização das taxas de permeabilidade intralotes. O estudo foi realizado na área urbana do município de Irati – PR, utilizando um ortomosaico com resolução espacial de 3 cm. Os resultados demonstraram o potencial da metodologia proposta para obtenção de dados diferentes usos do solo urbano. Apesar da classificação manual apresentar como desvantagem o grande tempo demandado para sua execução, sobretudo para grandes áreas, a altíssima resolução espacial e a qualidade das imagens obtidas por VANT, trazem uma nova perspectiva dentro desta temática, principalmente em relação à melhor possibilidade de monitoramento e fiscalização.