bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ranibizumab 0.3 mg for Persistent Diabetic Macular Edema After Recent, Frequent, and Chronic Bevacizumab: The ROTATE Trial
Authors: Fechter Chelsea , Frazier Heather , Marcus William B. , Farooq Amina , Singh Harinderjit , Marcus Dennis M. 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 0.3 mg ranibizumab (Lucentis; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) in eyes with persistent diabetic macular edema (DME) after recent, chronic, and frequent bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Open-label, prospective study of 0.3 mg ranibizumab for eyes with persistent DME after bevacizumab. Thirty eyes randomized to a sustained group or a pro re nata (PRN) dosing group.

RESULTS:
The mean change in ETDRS best-corrected visual acuity from baseline to 1 year was +6.7 letters in the sustained group, +6.4 letters in the PRN group, and +6.5 letters overall. There was an overall mean reduction of 116 µm from baseline central subfield thickness at 1 year, with −92 µm and −127 µm decreases in the sustained and PRN groups, respectively. Adverse events included two deaths; one patient with multiple cardiopulmonary comorbidities, myocardial infarction, stroke, osteomyelitis; and mild posterior subcapsular cataracts in two eyes.

CONCLUSION:
Ranibizumab 0.3 mg demonstrated improved visual and anatomic outcomes in patients with persistent DME following bevacizumab.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:1030–1037.]
Graduate-Assistant Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of the Supervisor's Role in Professional Socialization: Part II
Authors: Thrasher Ashley B. , Walker Stacy E. , Hankemeier Dorice A. , Mulvihill Thalia 
Published: November 2016

Context: Many new athletic trainers (ATs) obtain graduate-assistant (GA) positions to gain more experience and professional development while being mentored by a veteran AT; however, GA ATs' perceptions of the supervisor's role in professional development are unknown.Objective: To explore the supervisor's role in the professional development of GAs in the collegiate setting.Design: Qualitative study.Setting: Phone interviews.Patients or Other Participants: A total of 19 collegiate GAs (15 women, 4 men; average age = 23 ± 0.15 years; National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I = 13, II = 3, III = 2; National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics = 2; postprofessional athletic training program = 5).Data Collection and Analysis: Data were collected via phone interviews and transcribed verbatim. Interviews were conducted until data saturation occurred. Data were analyzed through phenomenologic reduction. Trustworthiness was established via member checks and peer review.Results: Three themes emerged: (1) GAs' expectations of supervisors, (2) professional development, and (3) mentoring and support. Participants expected their supervisors to provide mentorship, support, and feedback to help them improve their athletic training skills, but they also realized supervisors were busy with patient care responsibilities. Most participants felt their supervisors were available, but others believed their supervisors were too busy to provide support and feedback. Participants felt their supervisors provided professional development by teaching them new skills and socializing them into the profession. Furthermore, they thought their supervisors provided mentorship professionally, personally, and clinically. Supervisors supported the participants by standing behind them in clinical decisions and having open-door policies.Conclusions: The graduate assistantship allows new ATs to gain experience while pursuing professional development, mentorship, and support from a supervisor. The extent of development is highly dependent on the supervisor, but most supervisors mentor GAs. When looking for graduate assistantships, future GAs should seek positions in which supervisors actively provide mentoring and professional development.
Factors associated with utilization of antenatal care services among tribal women
Authors: Adhikari Tulsi , Sahu Damodar , Nair Saritha , Saha Kalyan B. , Sharma Ravendra K. , Pandey Arvind 
Published: November 2016

Background & objectives:
Despite various efforts by the Government of India, utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services continues to be low among women from rural areas particularly those belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. The present study was undertaken to examine the factors associated with the utilization of ANC services among women in four States including Rajasthan, Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh which constitute a good share of tribal population of the country.

Methods:
Data from third round of District Level Household and Facility Survey, 2007-08 (DLHS-3) have been used. Bivariate and multivariate analyses (logistic regression model) were used to study the association between the utilization of ANC services and the independent variables at individual, household and village levels along with the motivational factors (motivation by health workers and family members).

Results:
The utilization of ANC services among Scheduled Tribes women varied from about 4 per cent in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan to 10-14 per cent in Chhattisgarh and Odisha. Utilization was highest among those women with level of education 9th class and above (15-28%) and those women who visited health facility for pregnancy confirmation test (9-27%). Across the States, women who visited health facility for pregnancy testing (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 1.5-2.5; P<0.001) except in Madhya Pradesh; registration of pregnancy (AOR = 2.1-4.5; P<0.01) and sought treatment of pregnancy related problems (AOR = 1.5-1.8; P<0.06) except in Rajasthan, were more likely to avail complete ANC services than their counterparts.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The utilization of antenatal care among Scheduled Tribe women across four States was very poor. The reasons behind non-utilisation include both socio-economic and health system factors. For improving ANC utilization among tribes, these factors need to be addressed with special emphasis on woman's educational attainment of high school and above. In addition, the study highlighted the need to create awareness among both pregnant tribal women as well as her family members on the importance of early ANC care.
Intricacies of using temperature of different niches for assessing impact on malaria transmission
Authors: Singh Poonam , Yadav Yogesh , Saraswat Shweta , Dhiman Ramesh C. 
Published: November 2016

Background & objectives:
The influence of temperature on the life cycle of mosquitoes as well as on development of malaria parasite in mosquitoes is well studied. Most of the studies use outdoor temperature for understanding the transmission dynamics and providing projections of malaria. As the mosquitoes breed in water and rest usually indoors, it is logical to relate the transmission dynamics with temperature of micro-niche. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to understand the influence of different formats of temperature of different micro-niches on transmission of malaria for providing more realistic projections.

Methods:
The study was conducted in one village each of Assam and Uttarakhand States of India. Temperatures recorded from outdoor (air) as well as indoor habitats (resting place of mosquito) were averaged into daily, fortnightly and monthly and were used for determination of transmission windows (TWs) for Plasmodium vivax (Pv) and P. falciparum (Pf) based on minimum temperature threshold required for transmission.

Results:
The daily temperature was found more useful for calculation of sporogony than fortnightly and monthly temperatures. Monthly TWs were further refined using fortnightly temperature, keeping in view the completion of more than one life cycle of malaria vectors and sporogony of malaria parasite in a month. A linear regression equation was generated to find out the relationship between outdoor and indoor temperatures and R2 to predict the percentage of variation in indoor temperature as a function of outdoor temperature at both localities.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The study revealed that the indoor temperature was more than outdoors in stable malarious area (Assam) but fluctuating in low endemic area like Uttarakhand. Transmission windows of malaria should be determined by transforming outdoor data to indoor and preferably at fortnightly interval. With daily recorded temperature, sporogonic and gonotrophic cycles can also be calculated which is otherwise not possible with monthly data. The study highlights that the projections made for malaria in view of climate change need to be seen with limitation of difference in outdoor and indoor temperatures at different locations, highlighting the need for local data generation at least at sub-district level.
Comparison of dietary profile of a rural south Indian population with the current dietary recommendations for prevention of non-communicable diseases (CURES 147)
Authors: Sowmya Narasimhan , Lakshmipriya Nagarajan , Arumugam Kokila , Venkatachalam Sivasankari , Vijayalakshmi Parthasarathy , Ruchi Vaidya , Geetha Gunasekaran , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Mohan Viswanathan , Krishnaswamy Kamala , Sudha Vasudevan 
Published: November 2016

Background & objectives:
Despite the rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in rural India, data on the dietary profile of the rural Indian population in relation to the recommendations for prevention of NCDs are scarce. This study was conducted to assess the dietary intake of a rural south Indian population in relation to the current dietary recommendations for the prevention of NCDs.

Methods:
The dietary profiles of 6907 adults aged ≥ 20 yr, from a cluster of 42 villages in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu State in southern India, were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire.

Results:
The prevalence of general obesity was 27.4 per cent and that of abdominal obesity, 14.0 per cent among this rural population. The median daily energy intake of the population was 2034 (IQR 543) kcals. More than 3/4th of the calories (78.1%) were provided by carbohydrates. Refined cereals, mainly polished rice, was the major contributor to total calories. About 45 per cent of the population did not meet WHO recommendation for protein due to low intake of pulses, flesh foods and dairy products and more than half (57.1%) exceeded the limit of salt intake; 99 per cent of the population did not meet WHO recommendations for fruits and vegetables and 100 per cent did not meet the requirement of n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The dietary profile of this rural south Indian population reflected unhealthy choices, with the high consumption of refined cereals in the form of polished white rice and low intake of protective foods like fruits, vegetables, n-3 poly and monounsaturated fatty acids. This could potentially contribute to the increase in prevalence of NCDs like diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in rural areas and calls for appropriate remedial action.
A PCR-RFLP method for detection of the LNPEP encoding human insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) rs4869317 polymorphism
Authors: Ramírez-Expósito María Jesús , Martínez-Martos José Manuel , Palomeque Teresa , Lorite Pedro 
Published: November 2016

Background & objectives:
Insulin regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) has been related to certain pathologies such as breast cancer, Alzheimer's disease and septic shock. IRAP is encoded by the leucyl/cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP) gene. The genetic variation in the LNPEP gene has been analyzed in relation with the mortality and vasopressin clearance in septic shock. The LNPEP rs4869317 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) was the most significantly associated SNP with vasopressinase activity, being TT genotype associated with increased mortality. The objective of the present study was to develop a simple method to allow a quick and affordable genotyping for the rs4869317 SNP of LNPEP gene.

Methods:
Blood DNA samples were obtained from randomly selected healthy volunteers (n=28). A pair of primers was designed to amplify an 834 bp region of the LNPEP gene containing the rs4869317 SNP. The two alleles (T or A) were detected by digestion of the PCR products with the PacI restriction endonuclease. This enzyme only cuts the PCR products when the adenine is present in the SNP.

Results:
All individuals showed RFPL (restriction fragment length polymorphism) fragments for the expected genotypes (TT, TA or AA). The methodology was validated by sequencing of the amplified DNAs from several ‘T/T’ and ‘A/A’ homozygotes and ‘T/A’ heterozygotes. The results from both methods showed agreement.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The PCR-RFLP is a simple and reliable method that allows a quick genotyping for the rs4869317 SNP of LNPEP gene. The study of this polymorphism could be useful in future investigations to analyze the role of genetic variants of IRAP in several physiological/pathological conditions.
Evaluation of symptoms & spirometry in children treated for asthma
Authors: Anandi Shobi , Tullu Milind S. , Lahiri Keya 
Published: November 2016

Background & objectives:
Spirometry plays an important role in the assessment and long term monitoring of patients with asthma. Difficulty in performing spirometry in children has resulted in a paucity of Indian studies using spirometry regularly for research in the paediatric population. This study was undertaken to assess the clinical improvement and changes in spirometric measurements with treatment in children with newly diagnosed asthma and to compare the changes in the symptom score and spirometric measurements.

Methods:
This prospective study included 32 children between 6 to 12 yr of age (enrolled over a period of one year with follow up of six months) who were newly diagnosed as cases of asthma on the basis of symptoms and medical history. Baseline symptom score and spirometric measurements were determined at the first visit. The children were treated and followed up at six weeks, three and six months of initiating treatment. Symptom score and spirometric measurements were repeated at every visit.

Results:
Significant improvement in symptom score was evident at six weeks of therapy (P<0.05) while the lung function parameters FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and FVC (forced vital capacity) showed significant improvement at three months of therapy. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was found to improve at six months. There was a positive linear correlation between the changes in symptom score and FEV1, FVC and PEFR with treatment.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Symptomatic improvement became apparent before the improvement in spirometric parameters in children with asthma (after treatment initiation).
A novel indirect ELISA for diagnosis of dengue fever
Authors: Narayan Rohan , Raja Senthil , Kumar Senthil , Sambasivam Mohana , Jagadeesan Raja , Arunagiri Kavita , Krishnasamy Kaveri , Palani Gunasekaran 
Published: November 2016

Background & objectives:
Dengue fever (DF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Since there are no effective antiviral drugs for treatment, clinicians often rely on the accurate diagnosis of dengue fever to begin supportive therapy at early stages of the illness. The objective of this study was to develop an in-house dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) non-structural protein- 5 (NS5) based indirect ELISA.

Methods:
DENV-2 was raised in Vero cells and the viral proteins were separated and subsequently the NS5 protein was eluted. Serum samples from primary and secondary dengue fever patients; and acute and convalescent samples from Japanese encephalitis (JE) and West Nile virus (WNV) cases were used to validate the ELISA.

Results:
The assay was found to be 100 per cent specific in detecting DENV-2 specific antibodies from patient's serum. However, in terms of sensitivity, the assay could detect IgM antibodies only from 90 per cent of the primary dengue samples. The IgM/IgG ratio of the primary and secondary samples was 7.24 and 0.64, respectively.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The results indicate that the DENV-2 NS5 ELISA is dengue group specific and can be used to differentiate dengue infection from other circulating Flavivirus infections. This NS5 ELISA can also be used to distinguish between primary and secondary dengue fever on the basis of IgM/IgG ratios. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different DENV serotypes are required to validate the ELISA.
Psychosocial aspects of diabetes in pregnancy
Authors: Sharma J. , Zangmo Rinchen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAs treating physicians, we usually focus on the patient's medical condition, forgetting the impact of the illness on the psychosocial aspects of the patient's life. Patients with chronic medical illnesses usually suffer from a lot of psychosocial stress. Diabetes is one such medical condition where numerous studies focus on the physical and medical aspects, but fewer are concerned with the psychosocial experiences and needs of the patients. Transition to motherhood is a major life-changing event for all women. It brings in a big psychological impact on the woman who has to go through this transition with an added medical condition which can affect her pregnancy and also the health and well-being of the unborn child. In this article, we discuss the psychosocial issues faced by a diabetic woman going through the transition from pregnancy to motherhood.
A cross-sectional survey about the prevalence of food addiction among selected type 2 diabetes subjects
Authors: Sivapriya T. , John Sheila , Kannammal V. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Background: Plethora of studies has authenticated the linkage between overeating, overweight, and diabetes. Thus, this study was framed to evaluate whether diabetes subjects are food addicted which leads to overweight and thereby pave way for the development of type 2 diabetes.
Methodolgy: The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) has been recommended for the assessment of addictive eating behavior.
Result: The German version of the YFAS was administered to type 2 diabetes subjects (n = 100) and the results were analyzed. Item analysis revealed that out of the hundred selected diabetic subjects only 6% had food addition.
Does diabetes blight work productivity: A cross-sectional investigation on selected Type 2 diabetes participants
Authors: Thiyagarajan Sivapriya , John Sheila 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Background: Diabetes is one of the leading global health predicaments of the 21st century. Due to rapid urbanization and lifestyle changes, more and more people become victim to diabetes every year. Many countries spend a chunk of their total health expenditure on diabetes. Thus, the disease is a major challenge for individuals, their families, and the healthcare system. It has become a hurdle to sustainable economic development as it cripples productivity.
Methodology: With this background, the daily routine, work place productivity, and accomplishment of goals, both short- and long-term, were assessed for 200 diabetic subjects using a diabetes productivity measure.
Results: Since Type 2 diabetes subjects with 1-3 years of disease duration and without any comorbid conditions were selected for this study, 44% indicated that diabetes slightly had an impact on their long-term goal whereas 2% identified that diabetes was a burden and it prohibited them from achieving their long-term goals.
Conclusion: Massive education and awareness programs are crucial to improve the diagnosis and management of all types of diabetes and to embed lifestyle changes that will slow the rise in Type 2 diabetes.
Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes and associated risk factors: Evidence from the large-scale surveys in India
Authors: Akhtar Saddaf , Dhillon Preeti 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Context: India has observed the most devastating increases in the burden of diabetes in the contemporary era. However, so far, the comparable prevalence of diabetes is only available for limited geography.
Aims: The present paper provides comparable estimates of diabetes prevalence in states and districts of India and examines the associated risk factors with newly diagnosed and self-reported diabetes.
Setting and Design: The study uses clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical data from District Level Household and Facility Survey (2012–2013) and Annual Health Survey (2014).
Subjects and Methods: The paper analyses the information on glucose level of the blood sample and defines diabetes as per the World Health Organization (1999) criteria. It applies multinomial logistic regression to identify the risk factors of diabetes.
Results: The study estimates 7% adults with diabetes in India, with a higher level in urban (9.8%) than in the rural area (5.7%), a higher proportion of males (7.1%) than females (6.8%). Widowed, older persons, and persons with high blood pressure have very high risk of both diagnosed and self-reported diabetes. Comparing to Hindus, Muslims and Christians have higher, and Sikhs have less risk of diabetes. Further, corresponding to general caste, scheduled castes, and other backward classes have a high risk of newly diagnosed but the lower risk of self-reported diabetes.
Conclusions: The list of districts and states with alarming diabetes prevalence is the valuable information for further programs and research. A significant population with undiagnosed diabetes reflects an urgent need to strengthen the diagnostics at the local level and for those who need them most.
The Woman Who Hated Sex: Undine Spragg and the Trouble with “Bother”
Authors: Zibrak Arielle 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Edith Wharton has long been associated with misogyny and prudishness, both by scholars and by popular critics. This article examines Wharton's 1913 novel The Custom of the Country alongside contemporary feminist criticism such as Ariel Levy's 2005Female Chauvinist Pigs to argue that Wharton's acid-tongued portrayal of The Custom of the Country's antiheroine Undine Spragg is evidence of her forward-thinking critique of the replacement of authentic female sexual experience with the consumer-driven publicity. In Zibrak's reading, The Custom of the Country emerges as a prescient portrait of a culture saturated in sexual imagery but devoid of sexual pleasure.
Launching The Complete Works of Edith Wharton
Authors: Singley Carol J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The Complete Works of Edith Wharton (CWEW) has launched and will be published in twenty-nine volumes by Oxford University Press. CWEW constructs a new narrative of Wharton's work by bringing all of her writing together in various media and through new technologies. This essay discusses the early stages of the project, which will present Wharton's texts in traditional print; in the Oxford Scholarly Editions Online; and through Digital Wharton, an open-access site that maps Wharton's texts and writing processes. It discusses the contents of the series, the process of establishing copy-texts, and editorial apparatus that allow CWEW to unite traditional textual scholarship with tools of the digital humanities.
Heartworm Removal Guided by Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Dog with Naturally Acquired Caval Syndrome
Authors: Cavaliere Leonardo , Romito Giovanni , Domenech Oriol , Venco Luigi 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
A 14 mo old shih tzu was referred for dyspnea, hemoptysis, and hematuria. Heartworm disease with caval syndrome was diagnosed by laboratory tests, thoracic radiography, and transthoracic echocardiography. The minimally invasive heartworm removal procedure was performed using flexible alligator forceps guided by transesophageal echocardiography. The procedure was successfully performed removing over 94% of heartworms displayed echocardiographically without any intraoperative complication.