bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Everolimus‐eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds versus second generation drug‐eluting stents for percutaneous treatment of chronic total coronary occlusions: Technical and procedural outcomes from the GHOST‐CTO registry
Authors: La Manna Alessio , Chisari Alberto , Giacchi Giuseppe , Capodanno Davide , Longo Giovanni , Di Silvestro Michele , Capranzano Piera , Tamburino Corrado 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesWe aimed at comparing the acute performance of bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) and second‐generation drug‐eluting stents (DES) for the treatment of chronic total occlusions (CTO).BackgroundThere is a lack of knowledge regarding the use of BRS in CTO.MethodsKey outcomes of interest were technical and procedural success. Technical success was defined as successful stent delivery and implantation, postprocedural residual diameter stenosis <30% within the treated segment, and restoration of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow. Procedural success was defined as technical success with no in‐hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE).ResultsBetween May 2013 and May 2014, 32 patients underwent CTO percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the Absorb BRS (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA) and were compared with a historical control group of 54 patients who had undergone CTO PCI with second‐generation DES. Baseline characteristics were similar between the BRS and DES groups, with the exception of a larger mean reference vessel diameter in the BRS group (2.92 ± 0.34 vs 2.50 ± 0.68; P < 0.001). Technical success was less likely to be achieved in the BRS group compared with the DES group (78.1% vs 96.3%, P = 0.012). Procedural success rates were 78.1% and 94.4% in the BRS and DES group, respectively (P = 0.035).ConclusionsCompared with second‐generation DES for PCI of CTO lesions, BRS were associated with lower rates of technical and procedural success. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental Characterization of CCH(ads) and CCH2(ads) during the Thermal Decomposition of Methane and Ethylene on Ru(0 0 0 1)
Authors: Kirsch Harald , Tong Yujin , Campen Richard Kramer 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCatalytic dissociation of hydrocarbons on transition‐metal substrates plays a critical role in a variety of industrially important chemistry. Despite this importance, knowledge of the dissociation pathways of even the simplest hydrocarbons on single‐metal crystal surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) is incomplete. In this study the temperature‐induced decomposition of CH4 and C2H4 on Ru(0 0 0 1) is characterized using high‐resolution vibrational spectroscopy of all interfacial CH stretch modes. By investigating both decomposition pathways concurrently we are able to unambiguously identify for the first time CCH2(ads) during the decomposition of C2H4, and CH2(ads), CCH3(ads), and CCH(ads) during the decomposition of CH4. Following this identification, the thermal stability of all species is described and also how this stability depends on carbon and hydrogen surface coverage. Although collected in UHV, these observations suggest under‐appreciated constraints on the chemistry of CH4 and C2H4 in high‐pressure applications.
Alcohol Dimer is Requisite to Form an Alkyl Oxonium Ion in the Proton Transfer of a Strong (Photo)Acid to Alcohol
Authors: Park Sun‐Young , Lee Young Min , Kwac Kijeong , Jung Yousung , Kwon Oh‐Hoon 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAlcohols, the simplest amphiprotic organic compounds, can exhibit either acidic or basic behavior by donating or accepting a proton. In this study, proton dissociation of a model photoacid in solution is explored by using time‐resolved spectroscopy, revealing quantitatively for the first time that alcohol acts as a Brønsted base because of H‐bonded cluster formation to enhance the reactivity. The protonated alcohol cluster, the alkyl oxonium ion, can be regarded as a key reaction intermediate in the well‐established alcohol dehydration reaction. This finding signifies, as in water, the cooperativity of protic solvent molecules to facilitate nonaqueous acid–base reactions.
Investigation into the Sensing Process of High‐Performance H2S Sensors Based on Polymer Transistors
Authors: Lv Aifeng , Wang Ming , Wang Yandong , Bo Zhishan , Chi Lifeng 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHerein a H2S sensor based on a polymer field‐effect transistor is reported and the sensor shows high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, fast response, and good operational stability. A concentration as low as 1 ppb H2S is detectable, which is to date the most sensitive H2S sensor based on organic semiconducting film. Thinning the thickness of active layer does not necessarily improve the sensitivity, but rather leads to the reduction of performance if the thickness is too low. Further analysis proposes a mechanism that the changing rate of absorption and desorption of H2S molecules is different when the thickness of active layer varies, indicating the necessity for thickness optimization.
Continuous‐Flow Microwave Synthesis of Metal–Organic Frameworks: A Highly Efficient Method for Large‐Scale Production
Authors: Taddei Marco , Steitz Daniel Antti , van Bokhoven Jeroen Anton , Ranocchiari Marco 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks are having a tremendous impact on novel strategic applications, with prospective employment in industrially relevant processes. The development of such processes is strictly dependent on the ability to generate materials with high yield efficiency and production rate. We report a versatile and highly efficient method for synthesis of metal–organic frameworks in large quantities using continuous flow processing under microwave irradiation. Benchmark materials such as UiO‐66, MIL‐53(Al), and HKUST‐1 were obtained with remarkable mass, space–time yields, and often using stoichiometric amounts of reactants. In the case of UiO‐66 and MIL‐53(Al), we attained unprecedented space–time yields far greater than those reported previously. All of the syntheses were successfully extended to multi‐gram high quality products in a matter of minutes, proving the effectiveness of continuous flow microwave technology for the large scale production of metal–organic frameworks.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Neostenine
Authors: Nakayama Yasuaki , Maeda Yuichiro , Kotatsu Masayuki , Sekiya Ruriko , Ichiki Masato , Sato Takaaki , Chida Noritaka 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA chirality transfer approach using acyclic polyol intermediates for the synthesis of (+)‐neostenine (1) has been developed. The sequential Overman/Claisen rearrangement of an allylic 1,2‐diol was especially useful, installing two contiguous stereocenters with complete diastereoselectivity in a one‐pot sequence. The SmI2‐mediated cyclization and the subsequent chemoselective reduction of a lactam moiety accomplished the first enantioselective total synthesis of (+)‐neostenine (1).
Entwicklungsbegleitende Ökobilanzierung von Recyclingprozessen
Authors: Lindner Jan Paul , Gehring Florian , Albrecht Stefan , Krieg Hannes , Leistner Philip 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDie Gewinnung stofflicher Ressourcen aus Reststoffen kann einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Ressourcenschonung leisten. Im Rahmen des Projekts Molecular Sorting werden Recyclingverfahren zur Erschließung hochwertiger Stoffströme erforscht mit dem Ziel einer öko‐ und ressourceneffizienten Nutzung von Reststoffen. Die Methode der Ökobilanz ist dabei integraler Bestandteil. Zukünftige Entwicklungen spielen bei der Bewertung der ökologischen Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte eine große Rolle, da neben der Technologie auch die Energiebereitstellung, alternative Technologien oder die Art und Gewinnung der Ressourcen in die ganzheitliche Bewertung miteinfließen. Durch eine entwicklungsbegleitende Ökobilanz werden ökologische Risiken frühzeitig erkannt und können systematisch gering gehalten werden.
Additive Manufacturing in Fluid Process Engineering
Authors: Femmer Tim , Flack Ina , Wessling Matthias 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAdditive manufacturing describes technologies that translate virtual computer‐aided design data into physical models in a fast process. While industries such as automotive and aerospace adopt this manufacturing technique rapidly, it is little applied within process engineering. Additive manufacturing offers freedom of design which gives access to novel shapes and geometries with fast production times. This review analyses the most important layer fabrication principles first and shows applications of additive manufacturing in fluid process engineering second. The review focuses on applications where liquids and gases are involved and it showcases the potential of additive manufacturing within process engineering of functional devices. Examples of current research projects show the potential of the technology for advances process engineering.
Highly Efficient Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrocatalytic Activities of Self‐Morphogenic Nanoporous Carbon, Nitrogen Architectures
Authors: Sakaushi Ken , Uosaki Kohei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDesigning highly functional materials based on abundant elements is an important challenge. It would lead to a leap for energy conversion technology if a system comprising affordable material could work as electrocatalyst for important reactions in electrochemical energy storage and conversion and fuel production. This report shows simple nitrile chemistry as a new strategy to obtain nanoporous C,N architectures (npCNAs) with high activities for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The key is to control both morphology and chemical structure of the catalyst. The npCNAs showed the distinct four‐electron process in H2SO4 solution with a high activity of 7.7 mA mgcat−1 and an exchange current density (J0) of 2.81×10−10 A cm−2geo (Tafel slope=ca. 120 mV dec−1) for the ORR and at the same time an enhanced HER activity with J0=1.454×10−5 A cm−2geo.
Steric Effects Govern the Photoactivation of Phytochromes
Authors: Falklöf Olle , Durbeej Bo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPhytochromes constitute a superfamily of photoreceptor proteins existing in two forms that absorb red (Pr) and far‐red (Pfr) light. Although it is well‐known that the conversion of Pr into Pfr (the biologically active form) is triggered by a Z→E photoisomerization of the linear tetrapyrrole chromophore, direct evidence is scarce as to why this reaction always occurs at the methine bridge between pyrrole rings C and D. Here, we present hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations based on a high‐resolution Pr crystal structure of Deinococcus radiodurans bacteriophytochrome to investigate the competition between all possible photoisomerizations at the three different (AB, BC and CD) methine bridges. The results demonstrate that steric interactions with the protein are a key discriminator between the different reaction channels. In particular, it is found that such interactions render photoisomerizations at the AB and BC bridges much less probable than photoisomerization at the CD bridge.
Micromachining Using Soft X‐Rays from Laser‐Produced Xe Plasma
Authors: AMANO SHO , INOUE TOMOAKI , MIYAMOTO SHUJI 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYMicromachining of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (Teflon) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) samples was carried out using soft X‐rays from a laser‐produced Xe plasma source, which we developed. In the Teflon sample, the contact angle with a water droplet on a modified surface increased from 90° to 110° as a result of irradiation without a mirror or mask, while the angle decreased to 50° when using irradiation with them. Scanning electron microscopy showed numerous micro‐protuberances and a masked pattern with micro‐concavities on each sample surface. These results suggested that a change to the contact angle was caused by the microstructures on the Teflon surface. We succeeded in controlling the wettability of the Teflon surface, from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, by micromachining using laser plasma X‐rays. In the PMMA sample, the etching rate was investigated with irradiation using a large number of pulses (192,000 pulses) and a low power density of 8 × 104 W/cm2. The etching rate was calculated to be 5 pm/pulse. This was judged to be due only to photo‐etching without any thermal effects. We demonstrated a pure photo‐etching depth of about 1 μm.
Maximization of EV Tour Points: The Problem and a Solution
Authors: SEKOZAWA TERUJI , YAMAMOTO SUSUMU , MASUDA KAZUAKI 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYThis paper focuses on route optimization for maximization of the number of points visited by an electric vehicle (EV) in a tour beginning and ending at the same point while taking into consideration the battery characteristics and capacity limit. In considering EV range insufficiency as related to regenerative braking and the battery capacity limit, we define the maximum‐node‐touring problem as maximizing the number of tour destinations and formalize the problem on this basis. The problem as considered in this paper also includes the changes in route optimization induced by the relationship between the battery capacity limit and the residual charge. An example of this is the situation in which energy regeneration is insufficient because of reaching the fully charged state and more destinations can be visited by changing the tour route in such a way that achieves more efficient energy use. Another example is the situation in which changing the order of certain destinations in the tour induces a change in the cost for every subsequent interval between destinations. We propose a new method to efficiently solve the tour point maximization problem having the above‐mentioned characteristics.
Effect of Grounding Resistance Connected to Surge Arresters in Power Distribution Lines on Lightning Surge Behavior Observed in Customer's Equipment
Authors: HIDAKA TETSUYA , SHIOTA KATSUSHI , ISHIMOTO KAZUYUKI , ASAKAWA AKIRA 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYIn Japan, electric power companies have been spending large amounts of money on the construction costs and maintenance costs of low grounding resistances connected to surge arresters (Arrs) that are basically maintained below 30 Ω. In a recent study, it has been clarified that the rate of protection against direct lightning hits on distribution lines with an overhead ground wire (GW) hardly decreases, even if the grounding resistance of Arrs is high. However the installation of Arrs on a pole where a pole transformer (Tr) is mounted has not been considered, and in the case of a high grounding resistance, the lightning surge behavior observed in the customer's equipment has not yet been clarified. To examine the grounding resistance of Arrs, it is necessary to understand such behavior in the case in which the grounding resistance of Arrs is varied. In this paper, we clarified the relationship between the grounding resistance connected to Arrs and lightning surge behavior in customer's equipment. The result shows that the grounding resistance of Arrs installed on a pole with a Tr can be increased to some extent without decreasing the lightning protection level of the customer's equipment by the installation of a GW and the shortening of the interval between concrete poles with Arrs. A reduction in the cost of grounding construction can be expected.
A Next‐Generation Distribution Automation System Using IEC 61850 GOOSE and Section Switches with Sensors
Authors: AMAU TORU , KOJIMA KAZUHIRO , SAKA YASUTAKA , SAIKI YUICHI , OTANI TETSUO , NISHIWAKI KOUICHI , AOKI MUTSUMI , UKAI HIROYUKI 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYMore and more dispersed power sources will be introduced to achieve a low‐carbon society. However, many problems may occur as a result of excessive introduction in the current power system. For example, delays or failures of fault detection may occur due to a decline in protective relay sensitivity. This paper proposes a new system of protective relays for distribution lines using section switches with sensors to solve the problem. In addition, experimental results on the proposed system composed of Intelligent Electronic Devices based on IEC 61850 are presented.
Evaluation of Inductive Contactless Power Transfer Outlet with Coaxial Coreless Transformer
Authors: OJIKA SATOSHI , MIURA YUSHI , ISE TOSHIFUMI 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYA contactless outlet for dc distribution systems is proposed. It uses an inductive contactless power transfer circuit with a series/parallel compensation circuit to prevent voltage fluctuation. However, the output voltage of the circuit rises in light load conditions. In this paper, the main circuit and control method for reducing the rise in output voltage and a method of estimating the output voltage are presented. The proposed circuit and methods were verified and evaluated experimentally using feedback control.
Optimal Weekly Operation Scheduling of Pumped Storage Hydropower Plant Considering Optimal Hot Reserve Capacity in a Power System with a Large Penetration of Photovoltaic Generation
Authors: AIHARA RYOTA , YOKOYAMA AKIHIKO 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYIn recent years, a large amount of photovoltaic (PV) generation capacity has been installed in power systems. However, the power output from the PVs is random and intermittent in nature. Therefore, PV generation poses many challenges to power system operation. To estimate the impact of these issues on power system operation, we propose an optimal weekly demand and supply simulation method considering large penetration of PV generation. In this paper, an operation scheduling method considering optimal hot reserve capacity is studied. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by using Monte Carlo simulation.
The real‐world evidence of heart failure: findings from 41 413 patients of the ARNO database
Authors: Maggioni Aldo P. , Orso Francesco , Calabria Silvia , Rossi Elisa , Cinconze Elisa , Baldasseroni Samuele , Martini Nello ,   on behalf of the ARNO Observatory
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimsPatients with heart failure (HF) randomized in controlled trials are generally selected and do not fully represent the ‘real world’. The purpose of this study is to better describe the characteristics of HF by analysing administrative data of a population of nearly 2 500 000 subjects.Methods and resultsData came from the ARNO Observatory including inhabitants of five Local Health Units of the Italian National Health Service (INHS). Patients were selected when discharged for HF (1 January 2008–31 December 2012) and prescribed at least one HF treatment. Clinical characteristics, pharmacological treatments, rehospitalization, and direct costs for the INHS were described during 1‐year follow‐up (FU). Of the 2 456 739 subjects included in the database, 54 059 (2.2%) were hospitalized for HF: 41 413 were discharged alive and prescribed HF treatments. Mean age was 78 ± 11 years and 51.4% were females. Just 26.6% were managed in a cardiology setting. The most frequent co‐morbidities were diabetes (30.7%), COPD (30.5%), and depression (21%). ACE inhibitors/ARBs, beta‐blockers, and mineralocorticoid antagonists were prescribed in 65.8, 49.7, and 42.1% of patients, respectively. During 1‐year FU, at least one rehospitalization occurred in 56.6% of patients, 49% of them due to non‐cardiovascular causes. The direct cost per patient per year to the INHS was €11 867, of which 76% was related to hospitalizations.ConclusionsReal‐world evidence provides a description of patient characteristics and treatment patterns that are different from those reported by randomized clinical trials. Costs for the INHS are mainly driven by hospitalizations, which are often due to non‐cardiovascular reasons.
Iodide‐Promoted Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid on a Rhodium Complex
Authors: Wang Zhijun , Lu Sheng‐Mei , Wu Jianjun , Li Can , Xiao Jianliang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEfficient and simple catalyst systems for dehydrogenation of formic acid (FA) to produce hydrogen are always desirable. In this work, the catalytic dehydrogenation of FA to H2 and CO2 by using the readily available [RhCp*Cl2]2 was found to be accelerated simply by the addition of halide anions, iodide being the most effective. At 60 °C, with [RhCp*Cl2]2 in azeotropic FA and triethylamine (TEA), the initial turnover frequency of dehydrogenation in the presence of I– (4375 h–1) is seven times as high as that of the reaction without additive (625 h–1). Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the dehydrogenation is turnover‐limited by the hydride‐formation step, which could be facilitated by the presence of I–.
Lanthanide–Organic Frameworks Constructed from an Unsymmetrical Tricarboxylate for Selective Gas Adsorption and Small‐Molecule Sensing
Authors: Chen Feiyan , Ling Yajing , Song Chengling , He Yabing , Lan Youzhao , Feng Yunlong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBy using the new unsymmetrical tricarboxylate ligand 5‐(6‐carboxynaphthalen‐2‐yl)isophthalic acid (H3L), three lanthanide–organic frameworks, [LnL(H2O)2]·DMF·H2O [Ln = Eu (1), Tb (2), and Ho (3); DMF = N,N‐dimethylformamide], have been synthesized solvothermally and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), FTIR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the three metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are isostructural and display 3D networks with the (3,6)‐connected flu‐type topology. Furthermore, the gas adsorption and photoluminescence properties of the three MOFs were investigated. The compounds exhibited selective adsorption toward CO2 over CH4 at ambient temperature and different luminescence responses to small molecules, especially nitrobenzene.
A Systematic Study on the Prep­aration and Hydrogen Storage of Zeolite 13X‐Templated Microporous Carbons
Authors: Yang Zhuxian , Xiong Wei , Wang Jinbo , Zhu Yanqiu , Xia Yongde 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA systematic study on chemical vapour deposition (CVD)‐based synthesis strategies (single CVD process, double CVD process and a combination of liquid impregnation and a CVD process) for the nanocasting of zeolite‐templated porous carbon materials with commercially available zeolite 13X as hard template and ethylene, furfuryl alcohol, acetonitrile and/or vinyl cyanide as carbon precursor is presented. The results indicated that the combination of liquid impregnation and CVD is superior to the single or the double CVD processes in producing carbon materials with high surface area, high pore volume and high microporosity. The combination of liquid impregnation with furfuryl alcohol and CVD with ethylene generates carbon materials with the highest surface area of 2841 m2/g, a pore volume of 1.54 cm3/g and a hydrogen‐uptake capacity of 6.3 wt.‐% (at –196 °C and 20 bar). Under the studied conditions, the porous carbon materials exhibit variable structural ordering and tuneable textural properties with surface areas of 1600–2850 m2/g, pore volumes of 1.0–1.8 cm3/g and hydrogen‐uptake capacities in the range of 3.4–6.3 wt.‐% (at –196 °C and 20 bar). Notably, linear relationships between the hydrogen‐uptake capacity and the total surface area, the micropore volume and the micropore surface area were found for the studied porous carbons, and this implies an important role of the total surface area, the micropore volume and the micropore surface area in the hydrogen adsorption.