bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical variation in body size of a pelagic seabird, the streaked shearwater Calonectris leucomelas
Authors: Yamamoto Takashi , Kohno Hiroyoshi , Mizutani Akira , Yoda Ken , Matsumoto Sakiko , Kawabe Ryo , Watanabe Shinichi , Oka Nariko , Sato Katsufumi , Yamamoto Maki , Sugawa Hisashi , Karino Kiyotaka , Shiomi Kozue , Yonehara Yoshinari , Takahashi Akinori 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimIn general, within temperate latitudes, races of endotherms tend to show larger body size at higher latitudes, while smaller bodied ones tend to be found at lower latitudes, a pattern known as Bergmann's rule (or James's rule for intra‐specific patterns). The adaptive basis of this geographical variation in body size is explained mostly by the heat conservation hypothesis. Application of Bergmann's rule has been confirmed mostly among terrestrial taxa and studies of marine taxa are rare. Our aim was to examine whether the intra‐specific variation in body size of a pelagic seabird species (streaked shearwater Calonectris leucomelas) follows Bergmann's/James's rule.LocationEight different breeding colonies of the streaked shearwater, ranging from 24–39° N in latitude (approximately the full latitudinal range of the species) and 123–142° E in longitude.MethodsWe measured morphological traits of 454 adult streaked shearwaters in total. Principal components analysis was used to create a composite body size index for each sex from each colony using the measured traits, and the value of first principal component was compared. The relationships between body size index and latitude, longitude and the averaged mean air temperature were examined using generalized linear models.ResultsBody size was positively correlated with latitude and longitude, and negatively correlated with the mean air temperature. Latitude and longitude were highly correlated with air temperature. Nonetheless, between colonies, populations that are considered to forage over large areas appeared to exhibit smaller body size than those of lower latitude populations.Main conclusionThe overall trend of the geographical variations in body size of streaked shearwaters followed Bergmann's/James's rule, suggesting that this rule may be applicable to seabirds. However, in addition to thermoregulatory adaptation, intra‐specific differences in foraging characteristic in relation to local marine environment might also affect the body size in highly mobile seabirds.
Success and survival of autotransplanted premolars and molars during short‐term clinical follow‐up
Authors: Verweij Jop P. , Toxopeus Elisabeth E. , Fiocco Marta , Mensink Gertjan , van Merkesteyn J.P. Richard 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimAutotransplantation is an elegant therapy for single tooth replacement that is too often overlooked in patients with missing teeth. Especially, autotransplantation of third molars to replace heavily damaged or missing molars is often not considered. This study investigated the success and survival of autotransplanted premolars and molars during clinical follow‐up.Materials and MethodsThe medical files and radiographs of 97 consecutive patients were retrospectively investigated. Seventy‐nine patients could be included in this study. Autotransplantation of 97 premolars and 14 molars (111 procedures) was performed. The median follow‐up time was equal to 13.4 months.ResultsIn this study group, 82.0% of transplanted teeth were classified as successful and 98.2% were present at the end of follow‐up. No transplants were extracted during standard follow‐up of 1 year. The 5‐year tooth survival probability was 87.5% (95%CI 64.5–100). One premolar and one molar were extracted, respectively, 4 and 9 years after autotransplantation.ConclusionsThese results show that autotransplantation is associated with high success and survival rates and can provide a reliable treatment option for tooth replacement in young patients. Further research regarding long‐term outcome is necessary to assess if the transplanted teeth function as normal teeth after clinical follow‐up.
Prospective association of sex steroid concentrations with periodontal progression and incident tooth loss
Authors: Samietz Stefanie , Holtfreter Birte , Friedrich Nele , Mundt Torsten , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Völzke Henry , Nauck Matthias , Kocher Thomas , Biffar Reiner 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the prospective association between sex steroid concentrations with periodontal progression and incident tooth loss in men and women.MethodsWe used data from 1465 women and 1838 men (age 20–81 years) with completed five‐year‐follow‐up from the Study‐of‐Health‐in‐Pomerania, a population‐based longitudinal cohort. Serum levels of total testosterone (TT) and other sex steroids were measured. Mean clinical attachment loss (CAL) and the number of teeth were assessed. Generalized regression models were implemented for cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses, adjusting for age, education, smoking, waist circumference, diabetes, physical activity, blood sampling time and time between baseline and follow‐up.ResultsFully adjusted models revealed no consistent associations betweenTTand meanCAL, neither in cross‐sectional [men: ß = −0.0004 (−0.023;0.022),p = 0.97; women: ß = −0.033 (−0.057; −0.009),p = 0.006] nor in longitudinal analyses [men: ß = −0.033 (−0.100;0.034),p = 0.33; women: ß = −0.023 (−0.086;0.040),p = 0.47]. For tooth loss, neither cross‐sectional nor longitudinal associations with any of the sex steroid concentrations were found.ConclusionsNo consistent associations of sexual steroids with periodontal progression or tooth loss were found. Further cohort studies are necessary to evaluate possible associations between endocrinological parameters, like supra‐ or subphysiologic testosterone concentrations, and periodontal progression or tooth loss.
Molecular cloning and characterization of lymphocyte cell kinase from humphead snapper (Lutjanus sanguineus)
Authors: Huang Y , Cai J , Wang B , Tang J‐F , Jian J‐C , Wu Z‐H , Gan Z , Lu Y‐S 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLymphocyte cell kinase (LCK) belongs to the Src family of tyrosine kinases, which involves in the proliferation control of lymphocytes. In this study, we cloned the LCK gene of humphead snapper (Lutjanus sanguineus) (designed as LsLCK). Sequence analysis showed that the full‐length cDNA of LsLCK was 2279 bp, contained a 1506‐bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding a polypeptide of 501 amino acids. The deduced amino acid possessed the typical structural features of known LCK proteins, including four Src homology (SH) domains arranged as the SH1 domain followed by a regulatory C‐terminal tail (COOH‐domain), SH2 and SH3 adapter domains and SH4 domain which required for membrane attachment and CD4/CD8 binding. Fluorescent quantitative real‐time PCR analysis indicated that LsLCK transcripts were expressed mainly in thymus, spleen and head kidney in healthy fish. Moreover, the mRNA expressions in these tissues were significantly up‐regulated after challenge with Vibrio harveyi. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that LsLCK protein localized distinctly in cytoplasm of cell in thymus, spleen and head kidney. Taken together, these findings indicated that LsLCK may play an important role in the immune response of humphead snapper against bacterial infection.
A multifactorial model of masticatory performance: the Suita study
Authors: Kosaka T. , Ono T. , Kida M. , Kikui M. , Yamamoto M. , Yasui S. , Nokubi T. , Maeda Y. , Kokubo Y. , Watanabe M. , Miyamoto Y. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryPrevious studies have identified various factors related to masticatory performance. This study was aimed to investigate variations and impacts of factors related to masticatory performance among different occlusal support areas in general urban population in Japan. A total of 1875 Japanese subjects (mean age: 66·7 years) were included in the Suita study. Periodontal status was evaluated using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). The number of functional teeth and occlusal support areas (OSA) were recorded, and the latter divided into three categories of perfect, decreased and lost OSA based on the Eichner Index. Masticatory performance was determined by means of test gummy jelly. For denture wearers, masticatory performance was measured with the dentures in place. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that, when controlling for other variables, masticatory performance was significantly associated with sex, number of functional teeth, maximum bite force and periodontal status in perfect OSA. Masticatory performance was significantly associated with number of functional teeth, maximum bite force and periodontal status in decreased OSA. In lost OSA, masticatory performance was significantly associated with maximum bite force. Maximum bite force was a factor significantly influencing masticatory performance that was common to all OSA groups. After controlling for possible confounding factors, the number of functional teeth and periodontal status were common factors in the perfect and decreased OSA groups, and only sex was significant in the perfect OSA group. These findings may help in providing dietary guidance to elderly people with tooth loss or periodontal disease.
BETWEEN‐GROUP ADVERSE SELECTION: EVIDENCE FROM GROUP CRITICAL ILLNESS INSURANCE
Authors: Eling Martin , Jia Ruo , Yao Yi 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis article demonstrates the presence of adverse selection in the group insurance market. Conventional wisdom suggests that group insurance mitigates adverse selection because it minimizes individual choice. We complement this conventional wisdom by analyzing a group insurance scenario in which individual choice is excluded, and we find that group insurance alone is not effective enough to eliminate adverse selection; that is, between‐group adverse selection exists. Between‐group adverse selection, however, disappears over time if the group renews with the same insurer for a certain period. Our results thus indicate that experience rating and underwriting based on information that insurers learn over time are important in addressing adverse selection.
Value‐at‐Risk Bounds With Variance Constraints
Authors: Bernard Carole , Rüschendorf Ludger , Vanduffel Steven 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe study bounds on the Value‐at‐Risk (VaR) of a portfolio when besides the marginal distributions of the components its variance is also known, a situation that is of considerable interest in risk management. We discuss when the bounds are sharp (attainable) and also point out a new connection between the study of VaR bounds and the convex ordering of aggregate risk. This connection leads to the construction of an algorithm, called Extended Rearrangement Algorithm (ERA), that makes it possible to approximate sharp VaR bounds. We test the stability and the quality of the algorithm in several numerical examples. We apply the results to the case of credit risk portfolio models and verify that adding the variance constraint gives rise to significantly tighter bounds in all situations of interest.
An integrative systematic revision of the European southern birch mice (Rodentia: Sminthidae, Sicista subtilis group)
Authors: Cserkész Tamás , Rusin Mikhail , Sramkó Gábor 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The systematics of the genus Sicista is unclear, mostly because of the high level of chromosomal variability within the genus. One of the most challenging groups for systematists is the steppic Sicista subtilis species group that extends from central Europe to Lake Baikal. We present a systematic review of these European southern birch mice using an integrative taxonomic approach.
In this review, we evaluate the degree of genetic and morphological differentiation of the Sicista subtilis complex by analysing 12 European populations, and propose a new taxonomic treatment for the subtilis group based on an integrative approach combining phylogenetic and morphometric analyses with a review on previously published cytogenetic and morphological data.
The phylogenetic relationship was reconstructed using sequences of the whole mitochondrial cytochrome b (CytB) and the nucleus‐encoded interphotoreceptor binding protein (IRBP) under the maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood criteria. Based on whole CytB sequences, genetic distances were reconstructed and visualised among the taxa. These data were supplemented with multivariate analysis of the morphology of the baculum and of the penile spike of museum specimens.
Based on the genetic and the morphological data set, we suggest that the subspecies trizona and nordmanni should be raised to the species rank. We suggest Sicista trizona (Frivaldszky, 1865) and Sicista nordmanni (Keyserling and Blasius, 1840) as names for these species, respectively.
The species status of Sicista severtzovi is not supported by our results, so we recommend reclassifying it as a subspecies of Sicista subtilis.
Finally, the large genetic distance between the Hungarian and Romanian populations of Sicista trizona led us to describe the Romanian population as a new subspecies.
Replicated analysis of the genetic architecture of quantitative traits in two wild great tit populations
Authors: Santure Anna W. , Poissant Jocelyn , De Cauwer Isabelle , van Oers Kees , Robinson Matthew R. , Quinn John L. , Groenen Martien A. M. , Visser Marcel E. , Sheldon Ben C. , Slate Jon 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCurrently, there is much debate on the genetic architecture of quantitative traits in wild populations. Is trait variation influenced by many genes of small effect or by a few genes of major effect? Where is additive genetic variation located in the genome? Do the same loci cause similar phenotypic variation in different populations? Great tits (Parus major) have been studied extensively in long‐term studies across Europe and consequently are considered an ecological ‘model organism’. Recently, genomic resources have been developed for the great tit, including a custom SNP chip and genetic linkage map. In this study, we used a suite of approaches to investigate the genetic architecture of eight quantitative traits in two long‐term study populations of great tits—one in the Netherlands and the other in the United Kingdom. Overall, we found little evidence for the presence of genes of large effects in either population. Instead, traits appeared to be influenced by many genes of small effect, with conservative estimates of the number of contributing loci ranging from 31 to 310. Despite concordance between population‐specific heritabilities, we found no evidence for the presence of loci having similar effects in both populations. While population‐specific genetic architectures are possible, an undetected shared architecture cannot be rejected because of limited power to map loci of small and moderate effects. This study is one of few examples of genetic architecture analysis in replicated wild populations and highlights some of the challenges and limitations researchers will face when attempting similar molecular quantitative genetic studies in free‐living populations.
Adaptation of the Coronary Microcirculation in Aging
Authors: LeBlanc Amanda J. , Hoying James B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAdvancing age will affect every individual and its impact on health deserves significant attention particularly as we address therapeutic possibilities to pathological conditions. The changes that occur in the coronary vasculature as a result of aging‐related senescence set the stage upon which CVD and ischemia can escalate. Because of its importance in health, the consequences of aging on vasculature adaptation must be considered as we identify molecular targets and cell therapies for older patients. To understand the complex relationships between the coronary vasculature and the myocardium, it is important to characterize the unique aged cardiac environment in both locales independent of overlying disease. Therefore, the overall theme of this review is to highlight the biology of aging coronary vasculature and how this promotes a decreased plasticity, exacerbating insults such as ischemia. We will identify potential age‐related mechanisms that may contribute to this overall loss of adaptation and regeneration and review potential therapeutic strategies to ameliorate this dysfunction.
Water avoidance stress induces visceral hyposensitivity through peripheral corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 2 and central dopamine D2 receptor in rats
Authors: Nozu T. , Miyagishi S. , Nozu R. , Takakusaki K. , Okumura T. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundWater avoidance stress (WAS) is reported to induce functional changes in visceral sensory function in rodents, but the results which have been demonstrated so far are not consistent, i.e., hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity. We determined the effect of WAS on visceral sensation and evaluated the mechanisms of the action.MethodsVisceral sensation was assessed by abdominal muscle contractions induced by colonic balloon distention, i.e., visceromotor response (VMR), measured electrophysiologically in conscious rats. The electromyogram electrodes were acutely implanted under anesthesia on the day of the experiment. The threshold of VMR was measured before and after WAS for 1 h. To explore the mechanisms of WAS‐induced response, drugs were administered 10 min prior to the initiation of WAS.Key ResultsWAS significantly increased the threshold of VMR, and this effect was no longer detected at 24 h after. Intraperitoneal injection of astressin2‐B (200 μg/kg), a corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor type 2 antagonist abolished the response by WAS. Subcutaneous (sc) injection of sulpiride (200 mg/kg), a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist blocked the response, while sc domperidone (10 mg/kg), a peripheral dopamine D2 receptor antagonist did not alter it. Naloxone (1 mg/kg, sc), an opioid antagonist did not modify it either.Conclusions & InferencesWAS induced visceral hyposensitivity through peripheral CRF receptor type 2 and central dopamine D2 receptor, but not through opioid pathways. As altered pain inhibitory system was reported to be observed in the patients with irritable bowel syndrome, CRF and dopamine signaling might contribute to the pathophysiology.
Productivity Spillovers Across Countries and Industries: New Evidence From OECD Countries
Authors: Badinger Harald , Egger Peter 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis paper uses a translog approach to estimate intra‐ and inter‐industry productivity spillovers transmitted through input–output linkages, distinguishing R&D and other (remainder) spillovers. For a panel of 12 OECD countries and 15 manufacturing industries from 1995–2005, first, we find that the estimated elasticity with respect to ‘own’ R&D amounts to 0.25 on average (which would be estimated to be lower if R&D were assumed to be additively separable from other inputs). Second, there are sizeable intra‐industry and relatively small inter‐industry R&D spillovers. Third, there are significant remainder spillovers, which are mainly of the intra‐industry type and substantially amplify idiosyncratic technology shocks.
Strategies for successful recruitment of young adults to healthy lifestyle programmes for the prevention of weight gain: a systematic review
Authors: Lam E. , Partridge S. R. , Allman‐Farinelli M. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryRecruiting healthy young adults, aged 18–35, to lifestyle programmes for prevention of weight gain is challenging but important given their increasing rates of obesity. This review aimed to examine the success of different recruitment strategies. A systematic literature search identified 26 separate studies using 10 electronic databases. Participant characteristics and efficacy of interventions were well reported in all studies, but reporting of recruitment procedures, costs, times and effectiveness was minimal. Of those reporting recruitment, both active (e.g. face‐to‐face) and passive (e.g. print‐media and mass‐mailings) approaches were identified with the latter most frequently employed. Novel strategies such as social media and marketing approaches were identified. Television and radio have potentially high reach but low efficiency with high cost compared with mass‐mailings which yield high numbers of participants. Marketing campaigns appeared to be a promising approach. Incentives demonstrated enhanced recruitment. The use of formative research to guide recruitment strategies for interventions is recommended. Reporting of success, cost and timelines for recruitment should be included in reporting of future trials. This first synthesis of recruitment information can be used to inform recruitment frameworks for lifestyle programmes seeking to attract young adults.
Why are there race/ethnic differences in adult body mass index–adiposity relationships? A quantitative critical review
Authors: Heymsfield S. B. , Peterson C. M. , Thomas D. M. , Heo M. , Schuna J. M. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryBody mass index (BMI) is now the most widely used measure of adiposity on a global scale. Nevertheless, intense discussion centers on the appropriateness of BMI as a phenotypic marker of adiposity across populations differing in race and ethnicity. BMI–adiposity relations appear to vary significantly across race/ethnic groups, but a collective critical analysis of these effects establishing their magnitude and underlying body shape/composition basis is lacking. Accordingly, we systematically review the magnitude of these race‐ethnic differences across non‐Hispanic (NH) white, NH black and Mexican American adults, their anatomic body composition basis and potential biologically linked mechanisms, using both earlier publications and new analyses from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Our collective observations provide a new framework for critically evaluating the quantitative relations between BMI and adiposity across groups differing in race and ethnicity; reveal new insights into BMI as a measure of adiposity across the adult age‐span; identify knowledge gaps that can form the basis of future research and create a quantitative foundation for developing BMI‐related public health recommendations.
Emergence for Nihilists
Authors: Caves Richard L.J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractI defend mereological nihilism, the view that there are no composite objects, against a challenge from ontological emergence, the view that some things have properties that are ‘something over and above’ the properties of their parts. As the nihilist does not believe in composite wholes, there is nothing in the nihilist's ontology to instantiate emergent properties – or so the challenge goes. However, I argue that some simples (taken together) can collectively instantiate an emergent property, so the nihilist's ontology can in fact accommodate emergent properties. Furthermore, I show that employing plural instantiation does not bloat the nihilist's ontology or ideology.
Block's Overflow Argument
Authors: Carruthers Peter 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article challenges Block's ‘overflow argument’ for the conclusion that phenomenal consciousness and access‐consciousness are distinct. It shows that the data can be explained just as well (or better) in terms of a distinction between contents that are made globally accessible through bottom–up sensory stimulation and those that are sustained and made available in working memory through top‐down attention.