bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelagem de Fundo do Estuário do Serinhaém – Ba: Morfologia e Granulometria / Modeling of the bottom of Serinhaém’s estuary, BA: Morphology and Granulometry.
Authors: Da Silva Santos Isaac , Nolasco Marjorie 
Published: May 2017

<p>O presente estudo teve como objetivo elaborar um modelo de distribuição granulométrica e morfologia de fundo do Estuário do Serinhaém em Ituberá-BA. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram <em>à priori</em> coleta de sedimentos e dados de profundidade ao longo do estuário. As amostras de sedimentos foram tratadas para análise granulométrica segundo metodologia proposta por Suguio (1973), e posteriormente os dados de sedimento foram tabulados e modulados espacialmente, seguindo o mesmo procedimento que os dados de morfologia de fundo. Observou-se que o estuário do Serinhaém faz parte de um sistema estuarino maior que conflui à Baía de Camamu, cuja morfologia de fundo se destaca pela presença de “degraus”, onde a profundidade aumenta gradualmente em direção a sua foz, mantendo as maiores profundidades entre o centro e a margem norte do estuário. Sua granulometria é predominantemente arenosa com frações de sedimento cascalhosos na sua calha, e ao longo de todo ambiente é caracterizado por áreas de baixios, devido a acumulação de sedimentos.</p><p>O levantamento dessas informações é básico para subsidiar estudos ambientais e auxiliar o planejamento territorial e o manejo dessa área estuarina.</p><p><strong>Palavras–chave:</strong> Sedimentos; Ambientes Costeiros; Estuários; Morfologia de Fundo.</p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>The aim of this study was to build a model for particle size distribution and bottom morphology in Serinhaém´s estuary from Ituberá, BA. Methodological proceedings implicated a priori to collect sediments and depth data according to the methodology developed by Suguio (1973); after that, sediments data were tabulated and spatially modeled according to the same procedure taken for the data obtained for bottom morphology. It was observed that Serinhaém´s estuary is a part from largest estuarine system which converges in Camamu´s Bay, in whose bottom morphology are noted the presence of “steps”, gradually increasing the depth in direction to the river mouth and keeping the higher depths between the middle and north shore of the estuary. Particle size is basically sandy with gravel sediments in its riverbed and was observed, throughout the entire environment, the presence of shoals due to accumulation of sediments. These results are basic to support environmental studies and to help the territorial planning and management of this estuarine area.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: garbage collectors, recycling, working conditions, Association.</p><p> </p>
Scandinavian Oncophorus (Bryopsida, Oncophoraceae): species, cryptic species, and intraspecific variation
Authors: Hedenäs Lars 
Published: May 2017

Scandinavian members of the acrocarpous moss genus Oncophorus were revised after field observations had suggested unrecognized diversity. Based on molecular (nuclear: internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2, ITS; plastid: trnGUCC G2 intron, trnG, rps4 gene + trnS-rps4 spacer, rps4) and morphological evidence, four morphologically distinguishable species are recognized, Oncophorus elongatus (I.Hagen) Hedenäs, O. integerrimus Hedenäs sp. nov. (syn. O. virens var. elongatus Limpr.), O. virens (Hedw.) Brid., and O. wahlenbergii Brid. (O. sardous Herzog, syn. nov.). Oncophorus elongatus was earlier recognized, but much of its variation was hidden within O. wahlenbergii. Its circumscription is here expanded to include plants with long leaves having mostly denticulate or sharply denticulate upper margins and with long and narrow marginal cells in the basal portion of the sheathing leaf lamina. The new species O. integerrimus sp. nov. differs from O. virens in having more loosely incurved leaves and entire or almost entire upper leaf margins. Besides these characters, the species in the respective pairs differ in quantitative features of the leaf lamina cells. Several cryptic entities were found, in several cases as molecularly distinct as some of the morphologically recognizable species, and phylogeographic structure is present within O. elongatus and O. virens.
Differences between 66 Chemical Element Contents in Normal and Cancerous Prostate
Authors: Vladimir Zaichick  
Published: May 2017

Prostate cancer is an internationally important health problem in man, particularly in developed countries.The aim of this exploratory study was to clarify the differences between the prostatic levels of chemical elements in patients with malignantly transformed prostate (PCa) and healthy male inhabitance. Prostatic tissue levels of 66 chemical elements were prospectively evaluated in 60 patients with PCa and 37 healthy males. Measurements were performed using a combination of five non-destructive and destructive analytical methods. A significant increase in the mean level of Ag, Al, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Br, Ce, Cr, Cu, Dy, Er, Fe, Gd, Hg, Ho, Li, Mn, Nd, Ni, Pr, Sb, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Tb, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, Y and Zr accompanied a decrease in the mean level of Ca, Cd, Co, K, Mg, Na, P, Rb, S, Sc, Se, and Zn was observed in the cancerous prostates. It was not found any differences in the mean prostatic level of other chemical elements including Cs, La, Mo, Nb, P, Pb, U, and Yb between PCa patients and healthy males. This work results reveal that in malignantly transformed prostate the chemical element metabolism is drastically disturbed.
The effects of inhomogeneous proton‐α drifts on the heating of the solar wind
Authors: Ofman L. , Viñas A. F. , Roberts D. A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPrevious modeling studies have demonstrated that waves and super‐Alfvénic drift can lead to perpendicular preferential heating of the α particles with respect to protons. Using 2.5‐D hybrid model of the solar wind α‐proton plasma, we study the effects of inhomogeneous (across the magnetic field) background streaming focusing on the fast solar wind. We explore the effects of an initial relative, inhomogeneous ion drift on the perpendicular ion heating and cooling and consider the effects of solar wind expansion. We study the spectrum of the magnetic fluctuations in the inhomogeneous background solar wind and demonstrate the generation of oblique waves and their effects on enhanced resonant anisotropic ion heating. The model reproduces the typical ion temperature anisotropy values seen in observations. Using our model, we find that inhomogeneous super‐Alfvénic ion drift in the plasma generates significant power of oblique waves in the solar wind plasma, in addition to enhanced heating compared to the nondrifting populations. We demonstrate the effects of various inhomogeneity profiles and regions of the drift on the ion anisotropic heating in super‐Alfvénic and near‐Alfvénic drifts. We find that the cooling effect due to the solar wind expansion is not significant when super‐Alfvénic drifts are considered.
Magnetic fabric (anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility) constraints on emplacement mechanism of clastic dikes
Authors: Cho Hyeongseong , Son Moon , Sohn Young Kwan , Park Mi Eun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractClastic dikes are generally classified into neptunian and injected dikes. Using the magnetic fabrics (AMS: anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility), we attempt to classify the clastic dikes in the Late Cretaceous Dadaepo Basin, SE Korea, and interpret their emplacement mechanisms. The neptunian dikes exhibit a typical oblate sedimentary fabric which makes a sharp contrast with the injected dikes. The fabrics of the injected dikes are greatly influenced by current conditions and transportation types of filling materials. Based on the AMS fabrics, they are classified into four types. (1) VP (vertical flow‐parallel) type is formed by imbrication of long axis of grains in low‐ to moderate‐energy vertical flow of a Newtonian fluid and characterized by a bilateral symmetry of fabrics across the dike. (2) VT (vertical flow‐transverse fabric) type results from grain rolling in vertical high‐energy flow and is characterized by subvertical k2 and subhorizontal k1 axes on the dike plane. (3) HP (horizontal flow‐parallel) type is formed by imbrication of long axis of grains in horizontal low‐ to moderate‐energy flow, resulting in subvertical k3 and subhorizontal k1 and k2 axes. (4) HT (horizontal flow‐transverse) type is formed by grain rolling in horizontal high‐energy flow, resulting in streaked k2‐k3 on the dike plane and horizontally clustered k1 axes. The AMS fabrics of each type can be a significant indicator for flow direction. Based on abundant AMS fabrics formed by high‐energy current, coexistence of paleoseismic structures, and tectonic setting of the basin, earthquake‐induced liquefaction is the most plausible trigger for the dike formation.
Intercomparison of the gold, platinum, and MgO pressure scales up to 140 GPa and 2500 K
Authors: Ye Y. , Prakapenka V. , Meng Y. , Shim S.‐H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn order to intercalibrate the equations of state (EOSs) of the three widely used pressure standards, gold, platinum, and MgO, we have measured their unit cell volumes together in the laser‐heated diamond anvil cell up to 140 GPa and 2500 K. At 300 K, three standards agree with each other within ±2.5 GPa to 135 GPa if the EOSs measured in quasi‐hydrostatic media are used. We further refined the EOSs at 300 K, making them consistent with each other within ±1 GPa up to 135 GPa. At high temperature (T), the three standards match the best within ±1 GPa between 40 and 140 GPa, when we use the scales by Dorogokupets and Dewaele (2007). However, a 2–3 GPa discrepancy remains at 20–40 GPa and 1500–2000 K, with gold yielding the highest pressure (P). The pressure discrepancy is likely related to steep decreases in the Grüneisen parameter, the anharmonicity, and/or the electronic effects for the standards at the P‐T conditions. Because gold melts near the temperatures expected for the mantle transition zone, severe anharmonic effects expected under premelting conditions make gold unsuitable for determining the phase boundaries in the region. The pressure scales by Dorogokupets and Dewaele (2007) provide tighter constrains on the Clapeyron slopes of the postspinel boundary to −2.0 to −2.7 MPa/K and the postperovskite boundary to 7–10 MPa/K. The data and refined EOSs presented here allow for reliable comparisons among experiments with different pressure standards for the entire P‐T conditions expected for the Earth's lower mantle.
Vertical thermodynamic structure of the troposphere during the Norwegian young sea ICE expedition (N‐ICE2015)
Authors: Kayser Markus , Maturilli Marion , Graham Robert M. , Hudson Stephen R. , Rinke Annette , Cohen Lana , Kim Joo‐Hong , Park Sang‐Jong , Moon Woosok , Granskog Mats A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Norwegian young sea ICE (N‐ICE2015) expedition was designed to investigate the atmosphere‐snow‐ice‐ocean interactions in the young and thin sea ice regime north of Svalbard. Radiosondes were launched twice daily during the expedition from January to June 2015. Here we use these upper air measurements to study the multiple cyclonic events observed during N‐ICE2015 with respect to changes in the vertical thermodynamic structure, moisture content, and boundary layer characteristics. We provide statistics of temperature inversion characteristics, static stability, and boundary layer extent. During winter, when radiative cooling is most effective, we find the strongest impact of synoptic cyclones. Changes to thermodynamic characteristics of the boundary layer are associated with transitions between the radiatively “clear” and “opaque” atmospheric states. In spring, radiative fluxes warm the surface leading to lifted temperature inversions and a statically unstable boundary layer. Further, we compare the N‐ICE2015 static stability distributions to corresponding profiles from ERA‐Interim reanalysis, from the closest land station in the Arctic North Atlantic sector, Ny‐Ålesund, and to soundings from the SHEBA expedition (1997/1998). We find similar stability characteristics for N‐ICE2015 and SHEBA throughout the troposphere, despite differences in location, sea ice thickness, and snow cover. For Ny‐Ålesund, we observe similar characteristics above 1000 m, while the topography and ice‐free fjord surrounding Ny‐Ålesund generate great differences below. The long‐term radiosonde record (1993–2014) from Ny‐Ålesund indicates that during the N‐ICE2015 spring period, temperatures were close to the climatological mean, while the lowest 3000 m were 1–3°C warmer than the climatology during winter.
Atmospheric rivers in 20 year weather and climate simulations: A multimodel, global evaluation
Authors: Guan Bin , Waliser Duane E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are narrow, elongated, synoptic jets of water vapor that play important roles in the global water cycle and meteorological/hydrological extremes. Increasing evidence shows that ARs have signatures and impacts in many regions across different continents. However, global‐scale characterizations of AR representations in weather and climate models have been very limited. Using a recently developed AR detection algorithm oriented for global applications, the representation of AR activities in multidecade weather/climate simulations is evaluated. The algorithm is applied to 6‐hourly (daily) integrated water vapor transport (IVT) from 22 (2) global weather/climate models that participated in the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Atmospheric System Study–Year of Tropical Convection Multimodel Experiment, including four models with ocean‐atmosphere coupling and two models with superparameterization. Multiple reanalysis products are used as references to help quantify model errors in the context of reanalysis uncertainty. Model performance is examined for key aspects of ARs (frequency, intensity, geometry, and seasonality), with the focus on identifying and understanding systematic errors in simulated ARs. The results highlight the range of model performances relative to reanalysis uncertainty in representing the most basic features of ARs. Among the 17 metrics considered, AR frequency, zonal IVT, fractional zonal circumference, fractional total meridional IVT, and three seasonality metrics have consistently large errors across all models. Possible connections between AR simulation qualities and aspects of model configurations are discussed. Despite the lack of a monotonic relationship, the importance of model horizontal resolution to the overall quality of AR simulation is suggested by the evaluation results.
First reprocessing of Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes (SHADOZ) profile records (1998–2015): 1. Methodology and evaluation
Authors: Witte Jacquelyn C. , Thompson Anne M. , Smit Herman G. J. , Fujiwara Masatomo , Posny Françoise , Coetzee Gert J. R. , Northam Edward T. , Johnson Bryan J. , Sterling Chance W. , Mohamad Maznorizan , Ogino Shin‐Ya , Jordan Allen , da Silva Francisco R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractElectrochemical concentration cell ozonesonde measurements are an important source of highly resolved vertical profiles of ozone (O3) with long‐term data records for deriving O3trends, model development, satellite validation, and air quality studies. Ozonesonde stations employ a range of operational and data processing procedures, metadata reporting, and instrument changes that have resulted in inhomogeneities within individual station data records. A major milestone is the first reprocessing of seven Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes (SHADOZ) station ozonesonde records to account for errors and biases in operating/processing procedures. Ascension Island, Hanoi, Irene, Kuala Lumpur, La Réunion, Natal, and Watukosek station records all show an overall increase in O3after reprocessing. Watukosek shows the largest increase of 9.0 ± 2.1 Dobson Units (DU) in total column O3; Irene and Hanoi show a 5.5 ± 2.5 DU increase, while remaining sites show statistically insignificant enhancements. Negligible to modest O3enhancements are observed after reprocessing in the troposphere (up to 8%) and stratosphere (up to 6%), except at La Réunion for which the application of background currents reduces tropospheric O3(−2.1 ± 1.3 DU). Inhomogeneities due to ozonesonde/solution‐type changes at Ascension, Natal, and La Réunion are resolved with the application of transfer functions. Comparisons with EP‐TOMS, Aura's Ozone Monitoring Instrument and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite O3overpasses show an overall improvement in agreement after reprocessing. Most reprocessed data sets show a significant reduction in biases with MLS at the ozone maximum region (50–10 hPa). Changes in radiosonde/ozonesonde system and nonstandard solution types can account for remaining discrepancies observed at several sites when compared to satellites.
Role of stationary and transient waves in CO2 supersaturation during northern winter in the Martian atmosphere revealed by MGS radio occultation measurements
Authors: Noguchi K. , Morii Y. , Oda N. , Kuroda T. , Tellmann S. , Pätzold M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Martian atmosphere, which mainly consists of carbon dioxide (CO2), is characterized by extremely low temperatures that cause CO2 gas to freeze and dry ice to form. To date, temperatures below the CO2 saturation temperature, which can be attributed to the effects of atmospheric waves, have been observed in the polar winter and in the mesosphere. Using data from Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) radio occultation measurements, we investigated the role of large‐scale atmospheric waves including stationary and transient waves at northern high latitudes in winter on CO2 supersaturation. A distinct longitudinal dependence of CO2 supersaturation was observed at altitudes higher than the pressure level of 200–400 Pa, where a stationary wave with a wave number of 2, whose temperature amplitude had minima at 30–100 Pa, lowered the background temperature to a level close to the CO2 saturation temperature. However, the stationary wave alone was not sufficient to cause CO2 supersaturation. Additional temperature disturbances caused by transient waves, namely, superposition of both waves, had a significant role in CO2 supersaturation. The longitudinal dependence of the occurrence of CO2 supersaturation revealed by our study might affect the longitudinal distribution of CO2 snowfall and the formation of the seasonal polar ice cap.
Amazonian fluvial outflow channels in Jovis Tholus region, Mars
Authors: Vijayan S. , Sinha Rishitosh K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOutflow channels are prevalent on the surface of Mars, and they are one of the strongest lines of evidence for fluvial activity. The purported presence of some of the channel networks on the Amazonian surface provides evidence for recent surficial fluvial activity. We describe morphological evidence collectively diagnostic of fluvial origin for the channels located northwest (NW) of Jovis Tholus, within the Tharsis volcanic province. The fluvial relationships are deciphered from (1) morphological analysis of catastrophic effusion associated with the graben system superposed over the NW portion of an unnamed crater ejecta (19.85°N, 118.03°W) and (2) crater‐size frequency distributions of unnamed crater ejecta revealing the tentative period of the fluvial activity. Channels, streamlined/curvilinear islands, terraces, divide crossing, crossover channels, networks of braided‐like channels, and eroded ejecta are collectively suggestive of fluvial outflow that emanated from the graben. Chronological analysis revealed that the unnamed crater formed at ~3.4 Ga. Subsequently, the NW part of crater ejecta was incised by a channel network originated from the graben. Furthermore, we infer that the current channel floor has undergone volcanic and aeolian resurfacing to some extent, and the estimated modeled resurfaced channel age is ~0.2–0.5 Ga. This reveals that the fluvial activity possibly occurred after the crater formation, but before channel floor resurfacing, which is during Early to Middle Amazonian. Nevertheless, the potential source for the channel formation likely persisted under this region since the pre‐Amazonian epoch. The suite of these fluvial features inferred within the Jovis Tholus region outflow channel system thus adds one another evidence for Amazonian fluvial activity.
Ice and firn heterogeneity within Larsen C Ice Shelf from borehole optical televiewing
Authors: Ashmore David W. , Hubbard Bryn , Luckman Adrian , Kulessa Bernd , Bevan Suzanne , Booth Adam , Munneke Peter Kuipers , O'Leary Martin , Sevestre Heidi , Holland Paul R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe use borehole optical televiewing (OPTV) to explore the internal structure of Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS). We report a suite of five ~90 m long OPTV logs, recording a light‐emitting diode‐illuminated, geometrically correct image of the borehole wall, from the northern and central sectors of LCIS collected during austral spring 2014 and 2015. We use a thresholding‐based technique to estimate the refrozen ice content of the ice column and exploit a recently calibrated density‐luminosity relationship to reveal its structure. All sites are dense and strongly influenced by surface melt, with frequent refrozen ice layers and mean densities, between the depths of 1.87 and 90 m, ranging from 862 to 894 kg m−3. We define four distinct units that comprise LCIS and relate these to ice provenance, dynamic history, and past melt events. These units are in situ meteoric ice with infiltration ice (U1), meteoric ice which has undergone enhanced densification (U2), thick refrozen ice (U3), and advected continental ice (U4). We show that the OPTV‐derived pattern of firn air content is consistent with previous estimates, but that a significant proportion of firn air is contained within U4, which we interpret to have been deposited inland of the grounding line. The structure of LCIS is strongly influenced by the E‐W gradient in föhn‐driven melting, with sites close to the Antarctic Peninsula being predominantly composed of refrozen ice. Melting is also substantial toward the ice shelf center with >40% of the overall imaged ice column being composed of refrozen ice.
Characteristics of high‐latitude precursor flows ahead of dipolarization fronts
Authors: Li Jia‐Zheng , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Runov Andrei , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Liu Jiang , Pan Dong‐Xiao , Zong Qiu‐Gang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDipolarization fronts (DFs), earthward propagating structures in the magnetotail current sheet characterized by sharp enhancements of northward magnetic field, are capable of converting electromagnetic energy into particle kinetic energy. The ions previously accelerated and reflected at the DFs can contribute to plasma flows ahead of the fronts, which have been identified as DF precursor flows in both the near‐equatorial plasma sheet and far from it, near the plasma sheet boundary. Using observations from the THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms) spacecraft, we show that the earthward particle and energy flux enhancements ahead of DFs are statistically larger farther away from the neutral sheet (at high latitudes) than in the near‐equatorial region. High‐latitude particle and energy fluxes on the DF dawnside are found to be significantly greater than those on the duskside, which is opposite to the dawn‐dusk asymmetries previously found near the equatorial region. Using forward and backward tracing test‐particle simulations, we then explain and reproduce the observed latitude‐dependent characteristics of DF precursor flows, providing a better understanding of ion dynamics associated with dipolarization fronts.