bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Impact Assessments and Extreme Weather—Challenges for Environmental Health
Authors: Kintziger Kristina , Ortegren Jason , DuClos Chris , Jordan Melissa , Smith Talia , Foglietti Rebecca , Merritt Robert , Donado Louviminda 
Published: August 2017

Background:
The Florida Department of Health, Environmental Public Health Tracking Program, in collaboration with the Escambia County Health Department and the University of West Florida, used the Health Impact Assessment Framework to examine adverse health outcomes that may be related to an extreme flood event in Pensacola, Florida (Escambia County) during April 29 to May 3, 2014. In this 2014 flood event, portions of Pensacola received more than 15.5 in of rain in a single day. Infrastructure impacts from this extreme event included destroyed bridges and roads and the failure of many sewage lift stations.

Objective:
To determine whether there were associated increases in injury, illness, and death, data on reportable diseases, hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, and deaths that occurred during the impact period in 2014 were compared with a control period in 2008.

Design:
We used an ecological design to compare impact and control periods and examined the proportion of hospitalizations, ED visits, and deaths potentially attributable to the extreme flood event.

Results:
The results of this comparison were mixed, with some Escambia County zip codes showing increased hospitalizations and ED visits, and some zip codes showing a decrease. However, countywide, there were increases in the proportion of both injury- and respiratory-related hospitalizations and ED visits during the impact period.

Conclusions:
It is challenging to characterize human health impacts from natural disasters such as extreme floods. Still, it is believed that specific policy changes could result in fewer health impacts during future flood events. For example, this study recommended raising the electric panels on lift stations above the flood elevation to keep them operational during extreme rainfall events. For more maps and tables, consult the complete project report available online at http://www.floridatracking.com/HealthTrackFL/document/Escambia_HIA_Report.pdf.
Spatial Surveillance of Childhood Lead Exposure in a Targeted Screening State: An Application of Generalized Additive Models in Denver, Colorado
Authors: Berg Kevin , Kuhn Stephanie , Van Dyke Mike 
Published: August 2017

Context:
The targeted nature of Colorado's childhood lead screening program presents several analytical issues that complicate routine epidemiologic surveillance.

Objectives:
To analyze spatial patterns of childhood lead exposure among children younger than 6 years, identifying areas of increased risk along with associated covariates.

Methods:
We analyzed a spatial case-control data set of childhood lead poisoning using generalized additive models. Incident cases were represented by the residential locations of children younger than 6 years with confirmed elevated blood lead levels (EBLL) of 5 μg/dL or more recorded between calendar years 2010 and 2014, and controls were sampled from the population at risk. We modeled the effect of spatial location, adjusting for potential spatial confounders. We also adjusted for a number of covariates previously identified in the childhood lead poisoning literature to understand the ecologic-level drivers of spatial variation in risk.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Crude and adjusted spatial odds ratios describing the relative frequency of lead poisoning among different locations in Denver, Colorado.

Results:
We found evidence of statistically significant spatial clustering in incident cases of lead poisoning even after adjustment for age, sex, year, season, and spatially smoothed screening rate. Spatial confounder-adjusted odds ratios in the Denver study area ranged from 0.22 to 2.7. Adjusting for additional ecologic-level covariates effectively accounted for the observed spatial variation. We found that ecologic-level indicators of low socioeconomic status, Hispanic ethnicity, Asian race, and older housing age were all positively and significantly associated with an increased EBLL risk.

Conclusion:
Housing and socioeconomic factors continue to be the primary ecologic risk factors associated with childhood lead exposure and can be used to predict risk at a fine spatial resolution in the Denver study area. Our analysis demonstrates how other targeted screening states can be proactive about childhood lead surveillance within their major population centers and enhance the spatial specificity of lead mitigation efforts.
The Balance Between Surgical Resident Education and Patient Safety in Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery: Surgical Resident’s Performance has No Negative Impact
Authors: Homma Shigenori , Kawamata Futoshi , Yoshida Tadashi , Ohno Yosuke , Ichikawa Nobuki , Shibasaki Susumu , Kawamura Hideki , Takahashi Norihiko , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: August 2017

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a comprehensive theoretical and hands-on training program in performing laparoscopic colonic resections under supervision of an expert surgeon.

Materials and Methods:
Laparoscopic right colectomy was performed in 78 patients (10 with benign disease, 68 with carcinoma). Demographic, intraoperative, pathologic examination, and short-term outcome data were retrospectively compared between 25 patients operated by surgical residents (R group) and 53 patients operated by senior surgeons (S group). The residents who performed surgeries in the R group had between 1 and 6 years after graduation; no experience with open or laparoscopic colorectal surgery was necessary. The residents completed a training program under supervision of a single expert laparoscopic colorectal surgeon, which included 6 steps, from basic skills to certification.

Results:
There were no differences in patient age, sex, and body mass index between the R and S groups. Significantly more patients in the R group had early cancer and benign lesions (P<0.05). Thirteen of the 16 residents (81.2 %) had not had prior experience with colonic resection. The time of suturing and knot tying in the dry box did not differ between residents and senior surgeons (68 and 69 s, respectively). All the residents performed laparoscopic right colectomy without intraoperative complications. There were no significant differences in operating time (R group: 173±34 min, S group: 172±52 min), mean estimated blood loss (50±111 vs. 49±100 mL), number of lymph nodes dissected (20.8±12.8 vs. 17.1±9.0), and mean postoperative hospital stay (9.1±3.3 vs. 10.7±4.1 d). On the basis of the year of their residency period, all 3 residents at 6 years after graduation had far greater experience than the other residents and therefore performed the surgery with minor verbal support from the expert. However, residents with 1 or 2 years after graduation had to receive guidance provision by the expert during surgery.

Conclusions:
When supervised and led by an expert laparoscopic surgeon, surgical residents are capable of performing laparoscopic surgery without negative effects on outcomes.
CSR in village school: challenge after success
Authors: Mohanty Jagannath , Sinha Shivnath 
Published: August 2017

Subject area
Corporate social responsibility (CSR).

Study level/applicability
Graduate, undergraduate and executive education.

Case overview
The Institute of Management Technology, Nagpur, in the year 2013 started the Centre for Corporate Governance to emerge as an academic and research center for the industries in the vicinity of Nagpur and engage industries in CSR activities. On completion of one year of the center, the team responsible for execution of the programs was disappointed with the Centre’s progress. They decided to start an empowerment program with students from a poor village school. The initiative was well received by the school and its students. Now the team is facing the challenge of sustainability and scale up of the initiative.

Expected learning outcomes
To understand the concept and motives of CSR; to evaluate how a nonprofit-making entity can contribute to its communities; to explain the nuances of stakeholder engagement; social empowerment and inclusiveness; and student engagement and volunteerism.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
Finite volume solution of 2-D hyperbolic conduction with contact resistance
Authors: Han S. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a numerical methodology for the solution of non-Fourier conduction in two-dimensional (2-D) heterogeneous materials with contact resistance.

Design/methodology/approach
Energy and heat flux equations with time lagging constant are combined to form a 2-D hyperbolic conduction equation in conservational form, and the resulting equation is solved by finite volume method.

Findings
The magnitude of contact resistance is inversely proportional to the temperature jump at the contact surface and phonon transmission coefficient between heterogeneous medium. Numerical results show that higher the contact resistance, lower the heat flux through the interface, lower the strength of transmitted wave and higher the strength of reflected wave at the interface. These results are in agreement with physical expectations. Temperature profiles show expected discontinuity at the interface while the heat fluxes are continuous, demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed methodology.

Originality/value
In most available numerical methods for hyperbolic conduction with contact resistance, contact resistances are treated as internal boundaries at which boundary conditions are specified. In the present formulation, contact resistance between two heterogeneous materials is treated as a part of interface transport properties not as an added boundary condition. This approach makes the formulation much simpler and straightforward for multidimensional applications. This approach is never used previously and is original.
Urban tourism and urban socialist and communist heritage: beyond tragedy and farce?
Authors: Adie Bailey Ashton , Amore Alberto , Hall Colin Michael 
Published: August 2017

PurposeExisting literature on state socialist and communist heritage as a form of tourist consumption predominately focuses on destination contexts, such as the former Soviet countries and the few remaining state communist countries (i.e. China, North Korea and Cuba). As a result, the visitation to places linked to the history of socialism and communism in the so-called western pluralist democracies has often been overlooked and, at most, unacknowledged, especially as most research on “socialist” heritage focuses on sites connected to statist heritage rather than sites connected to socialist movements. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis paper aims to fill the gap in terms of research focusing on these types of sites, with evidence from a range of countries in Europe and the Americas. It does so by illustrating the presence and engagement with official and non-official communist/socialist heritage at varying levels of commodification.FindingsThe paper concludes that not only is there a need to broaden the concept of socialist heritage but that its framing needs to continue to be understood from present day ideological discourses and struggles with respect to the marking of urban heritage tourist locations.Originality/valueThis contribution advocates the broadening of the concept of socialist heritage by acknowledging the relevance of “hidden” urban sites related to key socialist thinkers, socialist opposition to fascism, and civil wars in which the socialist movement was involved, while also drawing parallels between the levels of socialist/heritage recognition and use as a commodity in relation to the historical narrative within the studied countries.
Communist heritage representation gaps and disputes
Authors: Sima Claudia 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify and explore how different stakeholders represent communist and revolution heritage for tourism, with a case-study on Bucharest, the capital city of Romania. The research attempts to identify gaps and tensions between representation makers on communist heritage tourism.

Design/methodology/approach
The research employs a range of qualitative methods in order to explore communist heritage tourism representation from different perspectives: content analysis of secondary data in the form of government, industry and media destination promotional material; interviews with a range of representation producers (government, industry and media); focus groups with potential tourists; and content analysis of user generated content under the form of blogs by actual visitors to Bucharest.

Findings
Findings reveal that there are gaps between the “official” or government representations of communism and revolution heritage and “unofficial” or industry, media and tourists’ representations. The research confirms and builds on Light’s (2000a, b) views that communist heritage is perceived as “problematic” by government officials and that attempts have been made to reinterpret it in a different light. The process of representation is made difficult by recent trends such as the increase in popularity of communism heritage tourism in countries such as Germany or Hungary. The potential of communist and revolution heritage to generate tourism is increasingly being acknowledged. However, reconciliation with “an unwanted” past is made difficult because of the legacy of communism and the difficulties of transition, EU-integration, economic crisis or countless political and social crisis and challenges. The “official” and “unofficial” representations successfully coexist and form part of the communism and revolution heritage product.

Research limitations/implications
The research attempts to look at the representation of communism heritage from different angles, however, it does not exhaust the number of views and perspectives that exist on the topic. The research only records the British and Romanian perspectives on the topic. The topic is still in its infancy and more research is needed on communism heritage tourism and representation.

Originality/value
The research identifies and explores gaps, agreements and disagreements over the representation of communist and revolution heritage in Bucharest, Romania.
Impact of multilevel boundaries on internationalization: an exposition of region of origin effect
Authors: Elango B. , Wieland J.R. 
Published: August 2017

PurposeIn this paper, the authors aim to introduce the notion of region of origin effect and articulate why home region boundaries should be factored in when understanding firm strategy and outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe paper validates the region of origin effect on internationalization using a sample of 11,677 firms from 99 developing countries in a multilevel model, with both frequentist and Bayesian approaches.FindingsThe findings of this paper indicate consistent support for the notion of region of origin effect. The relative importance of direct region effects in explaining variation in firm internationalization was found to be 17.8 per cent. When indirect effects (i.e. varying slopes) were factored in, the relative importance was 16.6 per cent. Additionally, the findings show that the region of origin effect impacts the degree of strength of the well-established firm drivers of internationalization.Originality/valueAlthough the importance of the home region location is well known to researchers and practitioners of international business, it has not received the attention it deserves. The findings of this paper clearly demonstrate the need for researchers and practitioners to recognize the role of the region of origin effect in formulating and implementing global strategies.
Foetal growth restriction is associated with poor reading and spelling skills at eight years to 10 years of age
Authors: Partanen Lea , Korkalainen Noora , Mäkikallio Kaarin , Olsén Päivi , Laukkanen‐Nevala Päivi , Yliherva Anneli 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimFoetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with communication problems, which might lead to poor literacy skills. The reading and spelling skills of eight‐ to 10‐year‐oldFGRchildren born at 24–40 gestational weeks were compared with those of their gestational age–matched, appropriately grown (AGA) peers.MethodsA prospectively collected cohort of 37FGRand 31AGAchildren was recruited prenatally at a Finnish tertiary care centre during 1998–2001. The children's reading and spelling skills were assessed using standardised tests for Finnish‐speaking second and third graders.ResultsSignificantly more children performed below the 10th percentile normal values for reading and spelling skills in theFGRgroup than in theAGAgroup. At nine years of age, theFGRchildren had significantly poorer performance in word reading skills and reading fluency, reading accuracy and reading comprehension than theAGAcontrols. No between‐group differences were detected at eight years of age.ConclusionFGRis associated with poor performance in reading and spelling skills. A third of theFGRchildren performed below the 10th percentile normal values at nine years of age. These results indicate a need to continuously evaluate linguistic and literacy skills asFGRchildren age to ensure optimal support.
The governance of post‐secondary education systems in British Columbia and Ontario: Path dependence and provincial policy
Authors: Harmsen Robert , Tupper Allan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractProvincial governments retain an essentially unrestricted jurisdictional autonomy as regards the structuring and coordination of post‐secondary education (PSE) systems. It is at the provincial level that crucial balances must be struck between the competing demands placed on costly PSE systems. This article develops a comparative historical analysis of the British Columbia and Ontario cases in this relatively neglected area of provincial public management. Strong path‐dependent logics are identified in both cases, anchored in interconnected networks of institutional and local interests. Current developments in both provinces are assessed against the background of these longer‐term historical patterns and in relation to wider international trends.
Above and below the line: Strategic communications and media management in Canadian governments
Authors: Marland Alex 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis research note examines “below the line” media relations planning templates that are used to coordinate the release of government information, such as communications plans, event proposals and social media calendars. Methodological pathways to collect data through access to information are discussed. Templates and guidelines obtained from Canadian federal, provincial and territorial governments are classified into six phases of production: planning authorization, strategic planning, tactical planning, logistical planning, approval of media products and evaluation. The findings suggest political strategizing is least prevalent on matters involving public safety and crisis communications.
S2k‐Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie des chronischen Pruritus – Update – Kurzversion
Authors: Ständer Sonja , Zeidler Claudia , Augustin Matthias , Bayer Gudrun , Kremer Andreas E. , Legat Franz J. , Maisel Peter , Mettang Thomas , Metz Martin , Nast Alexander , Niemeier Volker , Raap Ulrike , Schneider Gudrun , Ständer Hartmut F. , Staubach Petra , Streit Markus , Weisshaar Elke 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungPruritus ist ein fachübergreifendes Leitsymptom zahlreicher Erkrankungen und stellt eine interdisziplinäre diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung dar. Das Symptom kann sich mit zunehmender Dauer unabhängig von der Ursache fortsetzen und so die eigentliche Warnfunktion verlieren. Stattdessen erlangt das Symptom als chronischer Pruritus einen eigenständigen Krankheitswert. Chronischer Pruritus wird in Deutschland bei ca. 13,5 % der Allgemeinbevölkerung beobachtet mit einer Inzidenz von 7 %. Bei allen Formen von chronischem Pruritus bedarf es einer gezielten Versorgung der Patienten bestehend aus den Säulen (a) Diagnostik und Therapie der Grunderkrankung, (b) einer dermatologischen Therapie primärer oder sekundärer (z. B. trockene Haut, Kratzläsionen) Symptome, (c) einer symptomatisch‐antipruritischen Therapie und (d) bei einer begleitenden oder zugrundeliegenden psychischen oder psychosomatischen Erkrankung einer entsprechenden psychologisch‐psychotherapeutischen Behandlung. Es wird daher empfohlen, die Versorgung von Patienten mit chronischem Pruritus interdisziplinär, insbesondere hinsichtlich Diagnostik und Therapie der Grunderkrankung und des Therapie‐ und Nebenwirkungs‐Management durchzuführen. Das Ziel dieser interdisziplinär erstellten Leitlinie ist es, das Vorgehen bei chronischem Pruritus zu definieren und zu standardisieren. Dies ist die Kurzversion der aktualisierten S2‐Leitlinie zu chronischem Pruritus. Die Langversion findet sich unter www.awmf.org.
Behavioral and fMRI responses to fearful faces are altered in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS)
Authors: Ciumas Carolina , Laurent Agathe , Saignavongs Mani , Ilski Faustine , de Bellescize Julitta , Panagiotakaki Eleni , Ostrowsky‐Coste Karine , Arzimanoglou Alexis , Herbillon Vania , Ibarrola Danielle , Ryvlin Philippe 
Published: August 2017

SummaryObjectiveWe hypothesized that children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS) might have altered social cognitive skills and underlying neural networks.MethodsWe studied 13 patients with BCECTS and 11 age‐matched controls using event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with an emotional discrimination task consisting of viewing happy, fearful, scrambled, and neutral faces. Behavioral performance measured during the task was correlated with clinical variables and behavioral ratings.ResultsIn comparison with age‐matched controls, children with BCECTS performing a fearful faces detection task showed significantly reduced bilateral fMRI activation in the insular cortex, caudate, and lentiform nuclei, as well as increased response time. The percentage of errors made by children with BCECTS correlated negatively with age, a finding not observed in controls. In patients, accuracy positively correlated with time since the last seizure. The above abnormalities were not observed during happy faces detection task, except for a slower response in children with BCECTS as compared to controls.SignificanceOur study suggests that BCECTS is associated with altered social cognition network and function, particularly for the identification of fearful faces. The age dependency of some of these findings supports the view that a delayed maturation of spiking cortical regions might underlie the cognitive dysfunction observed in BCECTS.