bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive dynamics of the 5‐HT systems following chronic administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Fritze Stefan , Spanagel Rainer , Noori Hamid R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most frequently prescribed antidepressants. However, a major concern is their delayed onset of action, which is hypothesized to be associated with the time required for serotonin (5‐HT) autoreceptors to desensitize, which should be reflected by actual neurochemical changes. Numerous in vivo microdialysis studies have been published that report on 5‐HT levels in different brain sites following SSRI administration. Here, we performed a meta‐analysis on dynamic changes of 5‐HT neurotransmission during the course of chronic SSRI treatment. We conducted a meta‐analysis on research articles of 5‐HT neurotransmission measured by in vivo microdialysis in rat brain after subchronic and chronic SSRI administrations. In total, data from 42 microdialysis studies (798 rats) were analyzed. Within the first week of SSRI treatment, extracellular 5‐HT concentrations drop in frontal cortex. Over the next 2 weeks of treatment, a linear increase in extracellular 5‐HT levels up to 350% of prior treatment baseline is evident (n = 269). However, in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and ventral tegmental area we found increased 5‐HT levels within the first 3 days of SSRI administration. The time course of 5‐HT dynamics in frontal cortex is in line with the hypothesis that 5‐HT autoreceptors desensitize over 2–3 weeks of SSRI treatment and thereby enhanced extracellular 5‐HT levels ensue. Yet, in other regions we did not find evidence supporting the traditional autoreceptor‐mediated feedback loops hypothesis and thus other neurobiological adaptation mechanisms may also play a role in the delayed onset of SSRI action.
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How Could Nurse Researchers Apply Theory to Generate Knowledge More Efficiently?
Authors: Lor Maichou , Backonja Uba , Lauver Diane R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundReports of nursing research often do not provide adequate information about whether, and how, researchers applied theory when conducting their studies. Unfortunately, the lack of adequate application and explication of theory in research impedes development of knowledge to guide nursing practice.ObjectivesTo clarify and exemplify how to apply theory in research.MethodsFirst we describe how researchers can apply theory in phases of research. Then we share examples of how three research teams applied one theory to these phases of research in three different studies of preventive behaviors.ConclusionsNurse researchers can review and refine ways in which they apply theory in guiding research and writing publications. Scholars can appreciate how one theory can guide researchers in building knowledge about a given condition such as preventive behaviors. Clinicians and researchers can collaborate to apply and examine the usefulness of theory.Clinical RelevanceIf nurses had improved understanding of theory‐guided research, they could better assess, select, and apply theory‐guided interventions in their practices.
Lesions in the Splenium of the Corpus Callosum on MRI in Children: A Review
Authors: Kontzialis Marinos , Soares Bruno P. , Huisman Thierry A.G.M. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTA wide variety of conditions may involve the splenium of the corpus callosum on magnetic resonance imaging in children. A single cause may present with different patterns of splenial involvement, and multiple diseases may have similar imaging findings. Keeping this limitation in mind, the goal of this text is to assist in the diagnostic process of pediatric neurological diseases that are characterized by prominent involvement of the splenium of the corpus callosum on imaging. The various pathologies will be reviewed and categorized based on etiology, reversibility, and pattern of additional or associated findings. Transient splenial lesions in children are an uncommon radiologic finding of unknown etiology in a long list of conditions that may present with altered consciousness, and it usually carries a favorable prognosis. The discussion continues with the presentation of diseases inflicting irreversible damage on the splenium. Familiarity with the various causes implicated in splenial injury may assist in the formulation of differential diagnosis in the appropriate clinical setting using an easily recognizable imaging finding.
Pharmacological treatment of oro‐facial pain – health technology assessment including a systematic review with network meta‐analysis
Authors: Häggman‐Henrikson B. , Alstergren P. , Davidson T. , Högestätt E. D. , Östlund P. , Tranæus S. , Vitols S. , List T. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThis health technology assessment evaluated the efficacy of pharmacological treatment in patients with oro‐facial pain. Randomised controlled trials were included if they reported pharmacological treatment in patients ≥18 years with chronic (≥3 months) oro‐facial pain. Patients were divided into subgroups: TMD‐muscle [temporomandibular disorders (TMD) mainly associated with myalgia]; TMD‐joint (TMD mainly associated with temporomandibular joint pain); and burning mouth syndrome (BMS). The primary outcome was pain intensity reduction after pharmacological treatment. The scientific quality of the evidence was rated according to GRADE. An electronic search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE from database inception to 1 March 2017 combined with a handsearch identified 1552 articles. After screening of abstracts, 178 articles were reviewed in full text and 57 studies met the inclusion criteria. After risk of bias assessment, 41 articles remained: 15 studies on 790 patients classified as TMD‐joint, nine on 375 patients classified as TMD‐muscle and 17 on 868 patients with BMS. Of these, eight studies on TMD‐muscle, and five on BMS were included in separate network meta‐analysis. The narrative synthesis suggests that NSAIDs as well as corticosteroid and hyaluronate injections are effective treatments for TMD‐joint pain. The network meta‐analysis showed that clonazepam and capsaicin reduced pain intensity in BMS, and the muscle relaxant cyclobenzaprine, for the TMD‐muscle group. In conclusion, based on a limited number of studies, evidence provided with network meta‐analysis showed that clonazepam and capsaicin are effective in treatment of BMS and that the muscle relaxant cyclobenzaprine has a positive treatment effect for TMD‐muscle pain.
Choosing an optimal input for an intravenous glucose tolerance test to aid parameter identification
Authors: Martin Emma C , Yates James W T , Ogungbenro Kayode , Aarons Leon 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objective
The minimal model is used to estimate insulin sensitivity in patients with diabetes, following an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Issues have been reported regarding parameter estimation, including correlation between insulin sensitivity and action parameters. The objective was to reduce these issues, by modifying the input of glucose in the test.

Methods
Data were available for 24 volunteers following an IVGTT and glucose clamp test. Correlation between parameters was explored using likelihood heatmaps. An integrated glucose–insulin model was used to simulate glucose and insulin concentrations following new glucose inputs. The improved input for the test was selected by finding the minimum inverse of the determinant of the Fisher information matrix.

Key findings
When the minimal model was fitted to the IVGTT data, there was clear correlation between the insulin parameters. With the glucose clamp, all parameters were correlated and badly estimated. The modified input, a bolus dose followed by constant infusion, resulted in improvement in parameter estimation and reduction in parameter correlation.

Conclusions
It is possible to reduce the issues with parameter estimation in the minimal model by modifying the glucose input, leading to a simplified test deign and a reduction in the total amount of glucose infused.
A comparative study of hepatitis B virus X protein mutants K130M, V131I and KV130/131MI to investigate their roles in fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Siddiqui Z. I. , Farooqui S. R. , Azam S. A. , Afroz M. , Wajid S. , Parveen S. , Kazim S. N. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryHepatitis B virus (HBV) genomic mutations A1762T, G1764A and AG1762/1764TA cause production of HBV X protein (HBx) mutants, namely K130M, V131I and KV130/131MI. These mutations are important biomarkers for the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic HBV patients. This study comparatively analyses the impact of intracellular expression of HBx mutants on HCC cell line Huh7. It was found that expression of KV130/131MI induced: cell proliferation, altered expression of cell cycle regulatory genes in favour of cell proliferation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial depolarization. KV130/131MI may be directly involved in host cell proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis via altering expression of cell cycle regulatory genes. KV130/131MI may also play pivotal roles in fibrosis and cirrhosis via inducing ROS production and mitochondrial depolarization. Furthermore, these might be the possible reasons for higher occurrence of AG1762/1764TA as compared to A1762T and G1764A in cirrhosis and HCC patients.
Ambient temperature‐mediated changes in hepatic gene expression of a mammalian herbivore (Neotoma lepida)
Authors: Connors Patrice Kurnath , Malenke Jael R. , Dearing M. Denise 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHerbivores regularly ingest natural toxins produced by plants as a defence against herbivory. Recent work suggests that compound toxicity is exacerbated at higher ambient temperatures. This phenomenon, known as temperature‐dependent toxicity (TDT), is the likely result of decreased liver function at warmer temperatures; however, the underlying cause ofTDTremains speculative. In the present study, we compared the effects of temperature and dietary plant toxins on differential gene expression in the liver of an herbivorous rodent (Neotoma lepida), using species‐specific microarrays. Expression profiles revealed a greater number of differentially expressed genes at an ambient temperature below the thermal neutral zone forN. lepida(22°C) compared to one within (27°C). Genes and pathways upregulated at 22°C were related to growth and biosynthesis, whereas those upregulated at 27°C were associated with gluconeogenesis, apoptosis and protein misfolding, suggestive of a stressed state for the liver. Additionally, few genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism were induced when woodrats ingested plant toxins compared to nontoxic diets, regardless of temperature. Taken together, the results highlight the important role of ambient temperature on gene expression profiles in the desert woodrat. Temperatures just below the thermal neutral zone might be a favourable state for liver metabolism. Furthermore, the reduction in the number of genes expressed at a temperature within the thermal neutral zone indicates that liver function may be reduced at temperatures that are not typically considered as thermally stressful. Understanding how herbivorous mammals will respond to ambient temperature is imperative to accurately predict the impacts of climate change.
Movements and home ranges of monk seals in the main Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Wilson Kenady , Littnan Charles , Read Andrew J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHawaiian monk seals (Neomonachus schauinslandi) began recolonizing the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) roughly 20 yr ago. The species’ abundance is still declining, but the subpopulation in the MHI is increasing by 6.5% per year. This difference may be due to differences in prey availability or habitat quality between the northwest (NWHI) and main Hawaiian Islands, which could be reflected in the movements and behavior of the seals. For example, foraging trip durations may be shorter in areas with higher forage quality. From 2007 to 2014 we deployed GPS phone tags on the islands of Molokai (n = 7), Kauai (n = 6), and Oahu (n = 6) to study movements and dive behavior. Foraging trips typically lasted 0.57 d (IQR: 0.34–0.83) and seals traveled 18 km (IQR: 10.2–30.5) per trip. Seals began benthic dives shortly after entering the water, with most dives to depths of 12–32 m. The median 95% and 50% kernel density isopleths for seals in the MHI were 149.2 km2 and 23.2 km2, respectively. The duration and distance of foraging trips in the MHI were shorter than that observed in other studies from the NWHI, suggesting that foraging habitat is currently better in the MHI.
OpenSimRoot: widening the scope and application of root architectural models
Authors: Postma Johannes A. , Kuppe Christian , Owen Markus R. , Mellor Nathan , Griffiths Marcus , Bennett Malcolm J. , Lynch Jonathan P. , Watt Michelle 
Published: June 2017

Summary

OpenSimRoot is an open‐source, functional–structural plant model and mathematical description of root growth and function. We describe OpenSimRoot and its functionality to broaden the benefits of root modeling to the plant science community.

OpenSimRoot is an extended version of SimRoot, established to simulate root system architecture, nutrient acquisition and plant growth. OpenSimRoot has a plugin, modular infrastructure, coupling single plant and crop stands to soil nutrient and water transport models. It estimates the value of root traits for water and nutrient acquisition in environments and plant species.

The flexible OpenSimRoot design allows upscaling from root anatomy to plant community to estimate the following: resource costs of developmental and anatomical traits; trait synergisms; and (interspecies) root competition. OpenSimRoot can model three‐dimensional images from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X‐ray computed tomography (CT) of roots in soil. New modules include: soil water‐dependent water uptake and xylem flow; tiller formation; evapotranspiration; simultaneous simulation of mobile solutes; mesh refinement; and root growth plasticity.

OpenSimRoot integrates plant phenotypic data with environmental metadata to support experimental designs and to gain a mechanistic understanding at system scales.
Intravoxel incoherent motion analysis of renal allograft diffusion with clinical and histopathological correlation in pediatric kidney transplant patients: A preliminary cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Poynton Clare B. , Lee Marsha M. , Li Yi , Laszik Zoltan , Worters Pauline W. , Mackenzie John D. , Courtier Jesse 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare IVIM values in pediatric renal transplants with histopathology and clinical management change. Fifteen pediatric renal transplant recipients (mean 15.7±2.9 years) were prospectively scanned on a 3T MR scanner with multi‐b DTI, prior to same‐day transplant biopsy. IVIM maps from 14 subjects were analyzed (one excluded due to motion). Mean values were computed from cortical ROIs and medullary ROIs corresponding to the biopsy site. Subjects were also grouped according to whether or not the biopsy resulted in a change in clinical management. Cortico‐medullary IVIM estimates and histopathologic Banff scores were correlated with KT. Cortico‐medullary IVIM differences between the “change” and “no change” groups was compared with Mann‐Whitney U test. Cortical Dp showed significant moderate negative correlation with Banff t and ci scores (KT=−0.497, P=.035 and KT=−0.46, P=.046) and moderate positive correlation with Banff i score (KT=0.527, P=.028). Cortical Pf showed significant moderate correlation with ci and ct scores (KT=0.489, P=.035 and KT=0.457, P=.043). Tissue diffusivity, Dt, estimated with IVIM was significantly different between the “change” and “no change” groups in medullary ROIs (U=6, P=.021). IVIM analysis has potential as a noninvasive biomarker in assessment of pediatric renal allograft pathology.
No effect of treatment with intravenous ganciclovir on Epstein‐Barr virus viremia demonstrated after pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Østensen Anniken B. , Sanengen Truls , Holter Ellen , Line Pål‐Dag , Almaas Runar 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEBV after pediatric LT is a risk factor for PTLD. We wanted to evaluate the effect of intravenous ganciclovir on EBV viremia and to identify risk factors for chronic EBV viremia. All pediatric patients who underwent LT in Norway from 2002 until 2015 were reviewed. Twenty‐two of 38 patients with viremia were treated with intravenous ganciclovir for a median of 22 (21‐38) days. Treated and untreated patients were not different with respect to EBV seroconversion prior to transplantation or age at transplantation, but treated patients had significantly earlier viremia after transplantation (P=.005). There was no difference in the proportion of patients with reduction in virus load in patients treated with ganciclovir compared to untreated patients at 8 weeks. After 1 year, five of 19 patients treated with ganciclovir and six of 14 untreated patients had reduced virus load compared to start of viremia (P=.27). In conclusion, treatment with intravenous ganciclovir did not change the proportion of patients with reduction in EBV load at 8 weeks and 1 year after viremia. Younger age at transplantation, short time from transplantation to viremia, and lack of EBV seroconversion prior to transplantation were significant predictors of chronic EBV viremia.
Beyond hookup culture: Current trends in the study of college student sex and where to next
Authors: Pham Janelle M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA prominent body of sexuality research on college‐enrolled students in the twenty‐first century focuses on “hookup” culture, marked by the prevalence of sexual encounters between students with no expectation for a relationship to develop. This article will review and respond to current themes in the literature on hookup culture on college campuses. I argue that this literature privileges the White, middle‐class heterosexual experience, although less is known about how students who cannot or choose not to participate in this culture experience sexual relationships on college campuses. I place studies of hookup culture in conversation with those attentive to the effects of race, class, gender, and sexuality on access to, and experience of, hookup culture. I conclude with suggestions for future research, to include a renewed interest in sexual relationships forged outside of hookup cultures.
Can inactive blood donors be re‐recruited? A stratified randomised pilot study
Authors: Ou‐Yang J. , He B. , Rong X. , Bei C.‐H. 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of recruitment of inactive donors by telephone call and cell phone short message service (SMS), to assess the causes of donor self‐deferral and to determine the appropriate sample size for a formal studyBackgroundBlood donor retention is essential for sustaining blood safety and sufficiency.MethodsWe conducted a single‐centre open‐label parallel randomised controlled trial in Guangzhou, China. A total of 1188 inactive donors with the last donation between 2009 and 2013 were enrolled and randomly assigned to two intervention groups (telephone call and SMS groups) and one control group without any intervention. Donors were followed up for 7 months; their responses including donation activities were analysed.ResultsThe re‐donation rates among the three groups were statistically significantly different (P = 0.044), particularly between the phone call group and the control group (P = 0.017). Within the phone call group, the re‐donation rate was positively associated with the frequency of prior donation (P = 0.026), and the age of the donors (P = 0.043). Medical issues, time constraints and group donation were the main causes of self‐deferral. The appropriate sample size for each group for a formal study to detect difference between the phone call and SMS groups was estimated to be 1429 participants.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that active interventions, especially phone call reminders, can increase blood donation. Further studies are required to compare the efficacy and effectiveness between phone call and SMS reminders using a larger sample size.
Household sanitation is associated with lower risk of bacterial and protozoal enteric infections, but not viral infections and diarrhoea, in a cohort study in a low‐income urban neighbourhood in Vellore, India
Authors: Berendes David , Leon Juan , Kirby Amy , Clennon Julie , Raj Suraja , Yakubu Habib , Robb Katharine , Kartikeyan Arun , Hemavathy Priya , Gunasekaran Annai , Roy Sheela , Ghale Ben Chirag , Kumar J. Senthil , Mohan Venkata Raghava , Kang Gagandeep , Moe Christine 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined associations between household sanitation and enteric infection – including diarrhoeal‐specific outcomes – in children 0–2 years of age in a low‐income, dense urban neighbourhood.MethodsAs part of the MAL‐ED study, 230 children in a low‐income, urban, Indian neighbourhood provided stool specimens at 14–17 scheduled time points and during diarrhoeal episodes in the first 2 years of life that were analysed for bacterial, parasitic (protozoa and helminths) and viral pathogens. From interviews with caregivers in 100 households, the relationship between the presence (and discharge) of household sanitation facilities and any, pathogen‐specific, and diarrhoea‐specific enteric infection was tested through mixed‐effects Poisson regression models.ResultsFew study households (33%) reported having toilets, most of which (82%) discharged into open drains. Controlling for season and household socio‐economic status, the presence of a household toilet was associated with lower risks of enteric infection (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.79–1.06), bacterial infection (RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.75–1.02) and protozoal infection (RR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.39–1.04), although not statistically significant, but had no association with diarrhoea (RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.68–1.45) or viral infections (RR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.79–1.60). Models also suggested that the relationship between household toilets discharging to drains and enteric infection risk may vary by season.ConclusionsThe presence of a household toilet was associated with lower risk of bacterial and protozoal enteric infections, but not diarrhoea or viral infections, suggesting the health effects of sanitation may be more accurately estimated using outcome measures that account for aetiologic agents.
Sculpting Computational‐Level Models
Authors: Blokpoel Mark 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this commentary, I advocate for strict relations between Marr's levels of analysis. Under a strict relationship, each level is exactly implemented by the subordinate level. This yields two benefits. First, it brings consistency for multilevel explanations. Second, similar to how a sculptor chisels away superfluous marble, a modeler can chisel a computational‐level model by applying constraints. By sculpting the model, one restricts the (potentially infinitely large) set of possible algorithmic‐ and implementational‐level theories.