bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery from Bell Palsy after Transplantation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma
Authors: Seffer Istvan , Nemeth Zoltan 
Published: June 2017

Summary:
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are multipotent, and plasma contains growth factors involving tissue regeneration. We hypothesized that transplantation of PBMC-plasma will promote the recovery of paralyzed facial muscles in Bell palsy. This case report describes the effects of PBMC-plasma transplantations in a 27-year-old female patient with right side Bell palsy. On the affected side of the face, the treatment resulted in both morphological and functional recovery including voluntary facial movements. These findings suggest that PBMC-plasma has the capacity of facial muscle regeneration and provides a promising treatment strategy for patients suffering from Bell palsy or other neuromuscular disorders.
An Extremely Rare Condition: Unilateral and Isolated Temporalis Muscle Hypertrophy
Authors: Tuncel Umut , Gumus Murat , Kurt Alper , Güzel Nizamettin 
Published: June 2017

Summary:
Unilateral and isolated temporalis muscle hypertrophy is an extremely rare condition causing cosmetic problems and pain in the temporal region. Up to date, 8 isolated and unilateral cases were reported in the English literature. In this article, the authors report 2 new cases of unilateral isolated temporal muscle hypertrophy.
PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF VISUAL OUTCOME FOR VITREOMACULAR TRACTION SYNDROME AFTER VITRECTOMY
Authors: Yang Chang-Sue , Hsieh Ming-Hung , Chang Yu-Fan , Wang Chiao-Yu , Chen Shih-Jen 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
To assess the long-term functional and anatomical outcomes for vitreomacular traction syndrome (VMT) after vitrectomy and to analyze the predictive factors regarding visual outcome.

Methods:
A retrospective, consecutive case series of 22 eyes in 22 patients with VMT who underwent vitrectomy to relieve macular edema were studied. Eyes were classified into two groups according to the diameter of vitreomacular adhesion based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography: Group 1 (14 eyes) focal attachment ≤1,500 μm; and Group 2 (eight eyes) broad attachment >1,500 μm.

Results:
Mean postoperative follow-up was 25.4 months (range, 6–68). The preoperative mean logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution visual acuity was 0.73 (20/107), which significantly improved to 0.49 (20/62) postoperatively (P < 0.01). Seventeen eyes (77%) had Snellen visual acuity improvement ≧ two lines, and nine eyes had improvement ≧ three lines. The improvement of visual acuity was significantly better in Group 1 than in Group 2 (2.7 lines vs. 0.8 lines) (P = 0.03). The preoperative mean central macular thickness was 563 μm ± 176 μm, which significantly improved to 298 μm ± 69 μm postoperatively (P < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, better final visual acuity was significantly associated with Group 1 VMT (P < 0.01) and with shorter symptom duration (P < 0.01). Greater improvement of visual acuity was also significantly associated with younger age of patients (P = 0.02) and with Group 1 VMT (P < 0.01). In linear regression analysis, patients with longer symptom duration had worse final visual acuity (β = 0.02) and patients of younger age had greater visual acuity improvement (β = 0.008).

Conclusion:
Most patients of VMT gained significant functional and anatomical improvements after vitrectomy. Group 1 optical coherence tomography pattern, shorter symptom duration, and younger age are significant predictive factors of better visual outcome.
Nursing Management of Lumbar Drainage in Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Case Report
Authors: Ling Ling , Guo Lu , Wang Jingjuan , Zhang Lili , Zhu Jie , Huang Zhiyu 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Raised intracranial pressure is a hallmark of cryptococcal meningitis and is associated with increased mortality. Continuous drainage of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid is suggested to control intracranial pressure. The complications induced by this treatment have been described. However, nursing care associated with identification and management of complications is less well known. We encountered a patient with human immunodeficiency virus–negative cryptococcal meningitis who developed increasing cerebrospinal fluid pressure, hearing impairment, and limb weakness. The patient’s symptoms improved significantly by antifungal therapy and continuous lumbar drainage. Nurses play a vital role in monitoring patients with lumbar drainage for complications and to maintain integrity of the system. The nursing role in this approach is discussed with particular emphasis on recognition of complications and responses toward immediate emergent intervention.
Disparities in access to pediatric hearing health care
Authors: Bush Matthew L. , Kaufman Michael R. , McNulty Beth N. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of reviewThere are significant disparities in care facing children with hearing loss. The objective of this review is to assess the current disparities in pediatric hearing healthcare delivery, describe the barriers of efficient and effective pediatric hearing health care, and explore the innovations to improve pediatric hearing healthcare delivery.Recent findingsChildren with hearing loss from certain geographic regions or ethnic background are significantly delayed in diagnosis and treatment. Multiple patient characteristics (presentation of hearing loss), parental factors (insurance status, socioeconomic status, educational status, and travel distance to providers), and provider barriers (specialist shortage and primary care provider challenges) prevent the delivery of timely hearing health care. Advances, such as improved screening programs and the expansion of care through remote services, may help to ameliorate these disparities.SummaryTimely identification and treatment of pediatric hearing loss is critical to prevent lifelong language complications. Children from vulnerable populations, such as rural residents, face significant disparities in care. Careful assessment of these barriers and implementation of culturally acceptable interventions are paramount to maximize communication outcomes of children with hearing loss.
Associations Among Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Substance Use, and Affective Attentional Processing in OEF/OIF/OND Veterans
Authors: Liverant Gabrielle I. , Amick Melissa M. , Black Shimrit K. , Esterman Michael , Wisco Blair E. , Gibian Molly C. , Marx Brian P. , McGlinchey Regina E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The majority of research examining affective attentional bias in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has not examined the influence of co-occurring psychiatric disorders. This study examined the individual and interactive effects of PTSD symptoms and substance use disorders (SUDs) on affective attentional processing among 323 veterans deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan. Participants were divided into those with SUD (SUD+, n = 46) and those without (SUD−, n = 277). Substance use disorder was determined using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Posttraumatic stress disorder was measured using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale. A computerized go/no-go task (Robbins et al., 1994, Robbins et al.,1998) assessed affective attentional processing. Relative to those without SUD, those with SUD showed a significant association between PTSD symptoms and increased omission and commission accuracy rates and decreased d prime. No effects of valence were found. Findings suggest the need to consider co-occurring SUD when investigating the effects of PTSD on attentional control.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status Differentially Associated With Genital and Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Qian Han-Zhu , Hu Yifei , Carlucci James G. , Yin Lu , Li Xiangwei , Giuliano Anna R. , Li Dongliang , Gao Lei , Shao Yiming , Vermund Sten H. 
Published: June 2017

Background
Little is known about human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and genotypes when considering both anatomic site and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status among men who have sex with men (MSM) in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among MSM in Beijing, China. HIV serostatus was determined, and genital and anal HPV genotyping were performed from respective swabs.

Results
Of 1155 MSM, 817 (70.7%) had testing for genital (611; 52.9%) and/or anal (671; 58.1%) HPV. Preference for insertive anal sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42–4.75) and syphilis (aOR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.01–2.23) were associated with genital HPV. Inconsistent condom use during receptive anal sex (aOR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.17–2.84), and HIV seropositivity (aOR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.91–4.42) were associated with anal HPV. Among 465 (40.3%) MSM with specimens from both anatomic sites, anal HPV (68%) was more common than genital HPV (37.8%). Prevalence of anal HPV was higher among HIV-infected than uninfected MSM (P < 0.01). Some oncogenic HPV types were more commonly found at the anal site of HIV-infected MSM (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Human papillomavirus is highly prevalent among Chinese MSM. Anal HPV was more common than genital HPV, and HIV seropositivity was associated with oncogenic HPV types at the anal site.
Continuous Chest Compressions During Sustained Inflations in a Perinatal Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Lamb Model
Authors: Vali Payam , Chandrasekharan Praveen , Rawat Munmun , Gugino Sylvia , Koenigsknecht Carmon , Helman Justin , Mathew Bobby , Berkelhamer Sara , Nair Jayasree , Lakshminrusimha Satyan 
Published: June 2017

Objective:
Continuous chest compressions are more effective during resuscitation in adults. Sustained inflation rapidly establishes functional residual capacity in fluid-filled lungs at birth. We sought to compare the hemodynamics and success in achieving return of spontaneous circulation in an asphyxial cardiac arrest lamb model with transitioning fetal circulation and fluid-filled lungs between subjects receiving continuous chest compressions during sustained inflation and those receiving conventional 3:1 compression-to-ventilation resuscitation.

Design:
Prospective, randomized, animal model study.

Setting:
An experimental laboratory.

Subjects:
Fourteen newborn term gestation lambs.

Interventions:
Lambs were randomized into two groups: 3:1 compression-to-ventilation (control) and continuous chest compressions during sustained inflation. The umbilical cord was occluded to induce asphyxia and asystole. The control group was resuscitated per NRP guidelines. In the sustained inflation + continuous chest compressions group, sustained inflation at 35 cm H2O was provided for 30 seconds with 1-second interruptions before another sustained inflation was provided. One hundred twenty chest compressions/min started after the initial sustained inflation. The first dose of IV epinephrine was given at 6 minutes if return of spontaneous circulation was not achieved and then every 3 minutes until return of spontaneous circulation or for a total of four doses.

Measurement and Results:
All lambs achieved return of spontaneous circulation in a comparable median time (interquartile range) of 390 seconds (225–405 s) and 345 seconds (204–465 s) in the sustained inflation + continuous chest compressions and control groups, respectively. Four of seven (sustained inflation + continuous chest compressions) and three of six (control) lambs required epinephrine to achieve return of spontaneous circulation. Diastolic blood pressures were lower in the sustained inflation + continuous chest compressions (4 ± 2 mm Hg) compared to the control group (7 ± 2 mm Hg), p < 0.05. Paco
2, Pao
2, and lactate were similar between the groups during the study period.

Conclusion:
In this perinatal cardiac arrest lamb model with transitioning fetal circulation and fluid-filled lungs, sustained inflation + continuous chest compressions is as effective as 3:1 compression-to-ventilation resuscitation in achieving return of spontaneous circulation. Half the lambs achieved return of spontaneous circulation without epinephrine. continuous chest compressions during sustained inflation reduced diastolic pressures but did not alter gas exchange or carotid blood flow compared to 3:1 compression-to-ventilation resuscitation.
A Prospective Assessment of Adverse Events in 3 Digestive Surgery Departments From Central Tunisia
Authors: Letaief Mondher , El Mhamdi Sana , Siddiqi Sameen , Letaief Rached , Morjane Abdelwaheb , Hamdi Abdelaziz 
Published: June 2017

Objective
The aim of the study was to prospectively assess the incidence, the preventability, and the factors contributing to adverse events (AEs) in surgical departments of Tunisian hospitals.

Methods
A prospective longitudinal study evaluated the incidence of AEs in surgical departments of three university hospitals in central Tunisia. The study followed 1687 admitted patients until their discharge from the hospitals based on a standard two-stage method that first included staff interviews and review of medical records based on 18 criteria and later was followed by an expert review to confirm or reject the presence of an AE.

Results
The overall incidence of AEs was 18.1% (95% confidence interval = 16.26–19.94), with an incidence density of 21.6 events per 1000 patient-days. The most frequent AEs were those related to operative procedures (34.9%) and to hospital-acquired infections (30.3%).
The multivariate analysis shows that the proportion of AEs increased significantly with intrinsic risk factors (odds ratio [OR] = 2.51, P < 0.001), extrinsic risk factors (OR = 1.38, P = 0.02), length of stay of greater than 7 days (OR = 2.27, P < 0.001), and unplanned admissions (OR = 2.59, P < 0.01). Overall, the major consequences of suffering an AE were that 90% had a prolonged hospital stay, 6% had a permanent disability, and 4% encountered death. More than 60% of the identified AEs were considered to be preventable.

Conclusions
Surgical AEs have a significant impact on patient outcomes in terms of length of stay, disability, and mortality, and a considerable proportion of them are preventable. Prospective studies provide better insight regarding AEs under circumstances where hospital records are not optimal. Patient safety programs led by qualified health professionals can reduce patient harm in surgical departments of hospitals in most situations.
Caspase-8, RIPK1, and RIPK3 Coordinately Regulate Retinoic Acid-Induced Cell Differentiation and Necroptosis
Authors: Someda Masataka , Kuroki Shunsuke , Tachibana Makoto , Yonehara Shin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCaspase-8, which is essential for death receptor-mediated apoptosis, inhibits necroptosis by suppressing the function of RIPK1 and RIPK3 to activate MLKL. We show that knockdown ofcaspase-8expression in embryoid bodies derived from ES cells markedly enhances retinoic acid (RA)-induced cell differentiation and necroptosis, both of which are dependent onRipklandRipk3.RA treatment obviously enhanced the expression of RA-specific genes having a retinoic acid response element(RARE)to induce cell differentiation, and induced marked expression of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL to stimulate necroptosis.Caspase-8knockdown induced RA receptor (RAR) to form a complex with RIPK1 and RIPK3 in the nucleus, and RAR interacting with RIPK1 and RIPK3 showed much stronger binding activity toRAREthan RAR without RIPK1 or RIPK3. In Caspase-8-deficient mouse embryos, expression of RA-specific genes was obviously enhanced. Thus, caspase-8, RIPK1, and RIPK3 regulate RA-induced cell differentiation and necroptosis bothin vitroandin vivo.
Comprehensive Benchmarking and Ensemble Approaches for Metagenomic Classifiers
Authors: McIntyre Alexa B. R. , Ounit Rachid , Afshinnekoo Ebrahim , Prill Robert J. , Hénaff Elizabeth , Alexander Noah , Minot Sam , Danko David , Foox Jonathan , Ahsanuddin Sofia , Tighe Scott , Hasan Nur A. , Subramanian Poorani , Moffat Kelly , Levy Shawn , Lonardi Stefano , Greenfield Nick , Colwell Rita R. , Rosen Gail L. , Mason Christopher E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundOne of the main challenges in metagenomics is the identification of microorganisms in clinical and environmental samples. While an extensive and heterogeneous set of computational tools is available to classify microorganisms using whole genome shotgun sequencing data, comprehensive comparisons of these methods are limited. In this study, we use the largest (n=35) to date set of laboratory-generated and simulated controls across 846 species to evaluate the performance of eleven metagenomics classifiers. We also assess the effects of filtering and combining tools to reduce the number of false positives.ResultsTools were characterized on the basis of their ability to (1) identify taxa at the genus, species, and strain levels, (2) quantify relative abundance measures of taxa, and (3) classify individual reads to the species level. Strikingly, the number of species identified by the eleven tools can differ by over three orders of magnitude on the same datasets. However, various strategies can ameliorate taxonomic misclassification, including abundance filtering, ensemble approaches, and tool intersection. Indeed, leveraging tools with different heuristics is beneficial for improved precision. Nevertheless, these strategies were often insufficient to completely eliminate false positives from environmental samples, which are especially important where they concern medically relevant species and where customized tools may be required.ConclusionsThe results of this study provide positive controls, titrated standards, and a guide for selecting tools for metagenomic analyses by comparing ranges of precision and recall. We show that proper experimental design and analysis parameters, including depth of sequencing, choice of classifier or classifiers, database size, and filtering, can reduce false positives, provide greater resolution of species in complex metagenomic samples, and improve the interpretation of results.
Insular cortex sub-region-dependent distribution pattern of α-synuclein immunoreactivity in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Fathy Yasmine Y. , de Jong Frank Jan , van Dam Anne-Marie , Rozemuller Annemieke J.M. , van de Berg Wilma D.J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe insular cortex is a heterogeneous and widely connected brain region. It plays a role in autonomic, cognitive, emotional and somatosensory functions. Its complex and unique cytoarchitecture includes a periallocortical agranular, pro-isocortical dysgranular, and isocortical granular sub-regions. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), the insula shows α-synuclein inclusions in advanced stages of the disease and its atrophy correlates with cognitive deficits. However, little is known regarding its regional neuropathological characteristics and vulnerability in Lewy body diseases. The aim of this study is to assess the distribution pattern of α-synuclein pathology in the insular sub-regions and the selective vulnerability of its different cell types in PD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Human post-mortem insular tissues from 10 donors with incidental Lewy body disease (iLBD), PD, DLB, and age-matched controls were immunostained for α-synuclein and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). Results showed that a decreasing gradient of α-synuclein pathology was present from agranular to granular sub-regions in iLBD, PD and PD with dementia (PDD) donors. The agranular insula was heavily inflicted, revealing various α-synuclein immunoreactive morphological structures, predominantly Lewy neurites (LNs), and astroglial synucleinopathy. While dysgranular and granular sub-regions showed a decreasing gradient of inclusions and more Lewy bodies (LBs) in deeper layers. In DLB, this gradient was less pronounced and severe pathology was observed in the granular insula compared to PDD and regardless of disease stage. Protoplasmic astrocytes showed α-synuclein inclusions and severe degenerative changes increasing with disease severity. While few von Economo neurons (VENs) in the fronto-insular region revealed inclusions, particularly in PDD patients. Our study reports novel findings on the differential involvement of the insular sub-regions in PD and particular involvement of the agranular sub-region, VENs and astrocytes. Thus, the differential cellular architecture of the insular sub-regions portrays the topographic variation and vulnerability to α-synuclein pathology in Lewy body diseases.
Central Nervous System axonal regeneration by spatially targeted drug combinations
Authors: Siddiq Mustafa M. , Johnson Nicholas P. , Zorina Yana , Yadaw Arjun Singh , Toro Carlos A. , Hansen Jens , Rabinovich Vera , Gregorich Sarah M. , Xiong Yuguang , Tolentino Rosa E. , Hannila Sari S. , Kaplan Ehud , Blitzer Robert D. , Filbin Marie T. , Cardozo Christopher P. , Passaglia Christopher L. , Iyengar Ravi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThere are no known drugs or drug combinations that promote substantial central nervous system axonal regeneration after injury. We used systems pharmacology approaches to model pathways underlying axonal growth and identify a four-drug combination that regulates multiple subcellular processes in the cell body and axon using the optic nerve crush model in rats. We intravitreally injected agonists HU-210 (cannabinoid receptor-1) and IL-6 (interleukin 6 receptor) to stimulate retinal ganglion cells for axonal growth. We applied, in gel foam at the site of nerve injury, Taxol to stabilize growing microtubules, and activated protein C to clear the debris field since computational models predicted that this drug combination regulating two subcellular processes at the growth cone produces synergistic growth. Morphology experiments show that the four-drug combination promotes axonal regrowth to the optic chiasm and beyond. Physiologically, drug treatment restored pattern electroretinograms and some of the animals had detectable visual evoked potentials in the brain and behavioral optokinetic responses. We conclude that spatially targeted drug treatment can promote robust axonal regeneration and can restore limited functional recovery.
Scalable and efficient single-cell DNA methylation sequencing by combinatorial indexing
Authors: Mulqueen Ryan M. , Pokholok Dmitry , Norberg Steve , Fields Andrew J. , Sun Duanchen , Torkenczy Kristof A. , Shendure Jay , Trapnell Cole , O’Roak Brian J. , Xia Zheng , Steemers Frank J. , Adey Andrew C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHere we present a novel method: single-cell combinatorial indexing for methylation analysis (sci-MET), which is the first highly scalable assay for whole genome methylation profiling of single cells. We use sci-MET to produce 2,697 total single-cell bisulfite sequencing libraries and achieve read alignment rates of 69 ± 7%, comparable to those of bulk cell methods. As a proof of concept, we applied sci-MET to successfully deconvolve the cellular identity of a mixture of three human cell lines.