bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescription of antibiotics for urinary tract infections in outpatient care in Bavaria: An analysis of routine data
Authors: Hanslmeier Thomas , Alsaiad Sahera , Hueber Susann , Kurotschka Peter K. , Gerlach Roman , Gágyor Ildikó , Kaußner Yvonne 
Published: October 2024

Background
Patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) in German outpatient care are usually treated by general practitioners (GPs), as well as by other specialties. To prevent antibiotic resistances and side effects, German guidelines recommend fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, pivmecillinam and nitroxoline as first-line treatments, and advice against broad-spectrum antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. However, data from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control indicates a significant proportion of second-line antibiotics in German outpatient care. Our aim was to analyze whether antibiotic prescription has changed over time in accordance with guidelines. In addition, we aimed to investigate whether specialties prescribe different antibiotics for UTIs and whether prescription varies according to patient age and sex. For patients receiving more than one antibiotic, we wanted to determine whether subsequent prescriptions show a change in substances and specialties involved.

Methods
This retrospective study involved routine data (2013 to 2019) provided by the Bavarian Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians. Data on diagnoses and prescriptions were transmitted from outpatient care physicians on a quarterly basis. UTI patients ≥12 years were included.

Results
We analyzed 1.7 million UTI prescription cases. In females, shares of fluoroquinolones decreased sharply over time, while shares of first-line substances fosfomycin and pivmecillinam increased. Gynecologists showed the highest shares of first-line substances compared to GPs and urologists. Fluoroquinolone shares decreased in all three specialty groups. In females, older patients showed lower shares of first-line substances than younger patients. If a second or third antibiotic was prescribed, fosfomycin shares decreased, while shares of nitrofurantoin, nitroxoline and cephalosporins increased.

Conclusions
Our findings show a trend towards a more guideline-adherent prescribing in the treatment of UTI, with a significant increase of shares of fosfomycin and pivmecillinam, especially in women, and a sharp decrease of shares of fluoroquinolones.
How Digital Power Shapes the Rule of Law: The Logic and Mission of Digital Rule of Law
Authors: Sun Xiaoxia , Xiao Yang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The rise of digital technologies has led to the emergence of digital private and public powers, which pose significant societal risks, challenge human rights, and reshape the rule of law. Digital power, as a new form of power, possesses inherent legal characteristics from both factual and normative perspectives. Therefore, it is crucial to integrate digital power into legal studies and frameworks. While subject to legal regulation, digital power also has the potential to address the limitations of human law, enhance human rights, and strengthen the rule of law. It is therefore argued in this study for the necessity of expanding legal studies from a focus on algorithm research to the broader study of digital power. This study also highlights the unique mission of the digital rule of law, to harness digital power in shaping a future legal system that empowers and promotes societal well-being.
Optimization of the process parameter of lean-grade self-reducing pellets by surface response modelling
Authors: Barman Ajitesh , Khan Santosh , Dey Rajib , Biswas Chanchal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the Indian context, the production of steel is increasing day by day. The huge crude steel output requires enormous amounts of raw materials from the mining industry. The availability of high-grade steel-making raw materials has decreased worldwide. There are huge challenges for the metallurgist in developing a suitable process in the steel industry, which is essential due to the possible scarcity of high-grade raw materials in the future. In this present study, an appropriate process for lean-grade iron ore and non-coking coals, along with the binders, is used as self-reducing composite pellets for iron making. These composite pellets are made in different combinations, including particle sizes, different non-coking coals, and binders. Initially, the mechanical properties of composite pellets are evaluated through the shatter and abrasion index. Then, cold-bonded self-reducing pellets are directly reduced in a standard tube furnace at varying temperatures and times. The reduced samples are further characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and chemical analysis methods. Finally, Box–Behnken Design statistical modelling based on the extent of reduction (EOR) is successfully utilized for optimizing the process parameters.
Optical sectioning in fluorescence microscopies is essential for volumetric measurements
Authors: Stelzer Ernst H. K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Optical sectioning in fluorescence microscopy is a cornerstone technique that allows scientists to visualize three-dimensional architectures of specimens with high resolution. The optical sectioning capability has become crucial for advancing our understanding in various technical and scientific fields such as cellular and developmental biology. Several microscopy techniques stand out due to their ability to perform true optical sectioning through distinct optical arrangements. The paper explains formally, how optical sectioning is harnessed in confocal, two-photon, confocal theta, and light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy. The latter’s implementation of optical sectioning fosters detailed studies with morphologically intact fertile specimens as a function of long time periods.
Production of (B4C+FeTi) reinforced and Fe based composites by mechanical alloying
Authors: Yilmaz Serdar Osman , Teker Tanju , Milli Ahmet 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, the microstructure and mechanical performance of Fe-based composites reinforced by FeTi+B4C at various ratios were determined. The study was based on the production of Fe based nano carbide and boride (B4C, Fe2B, Fe7C3, TiB2) reinforced composites. Mechanical alloying technique was chosen to reduce the reinforcement material to nano size and distribute it homogeneously. Sintering temperature was used as 1,100 °C and sintering time as 2 h. The reionforcement “FeTi+B4C” ratio was raised up to 15 wt.%. The microstructure and phases of the composite samples were descrived by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-RD analysis and hardness. The concentration of voids and the stiffness changes of the samples were determined. The size of TiC and TiB2 particles reduced significantly with the rise in B4C ratio. Since the hardness of TiB2 was less than that of the B4C matrix, the hardness reduced with increasing TiB2 ratio.
Integrated Network Ethnopharmacology, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Analysis Strategy for Exploring the Anti-Breast Cancer Activity of Ayurvedic Botanicals Targeting the Progesterone Receptor
Authors: Mokashi Asma , Bhatia Neela M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: In women, breast cancer is currently among the most common cancers and the second major cause of cancer-related mortality. One therapeutic target for breast cancer is the progesterone receptor (PR), which can be inhibited by specific PR modulators.

Methods: Current anti-cancer medications have notorious adverse effects. Consequently, an urgent need exists to identify less hazardous, more effective medicines with few to no adverse effects. One strategy uses ancient herbal remedies to create medications derived from nature. Herein, we used data from the Dr. Duke, IMPPAT, PubChem, Binding DB, UniProt, and DisGeNET databases to construct a network in Cytoscape 3.10.0. Through a polypharmacology approach, bioactives with similarity indices greater than 0.6 were screened and docked with the PR. The top ten ligands with good docking scores were further subjected to interaction analysis in AutoDock v.4.2 software. We additionally analyzed the ADMET properties of the phytochemicals.

Results: Procurcumenol and alpha-turmerone exhibited superior interactions with PR, with binding affinities of −7.85 kcal/mol. All compounds met Lipinski’s rule of five and were effective ligands for the PR according to ADMET data analysis. Our findings suggest that procurcumenol and alpha-turmerone may serve as potential anti-breast cancer agents; specifically targeting the PR in breast cancer cells.

Conclusion: Understanding of anti-breast cancer activity can be facilitated through experimental validation of network analysis and molecular docking findings.
Improving Family-Centered Rounds With a Nursing Checklist in the Electronic Health Care Record
Authors: Madduri Gayatri Boddupalli , Nichols Tristan , Gunturkun Fatma , Johnson Denise , Lum Anne , Shaner Mason Agatep , Weng Yingjie , Srinivas Nivedita , Dos Santos Lyn 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
Family-centered rounds (FCR) is the standard for pediatric communication, but community pediatric hospital medicine services may face barriers in implementation, including offering FCR to families with a language preference other than English (LOE) versus those with an English preference (EP). The goal of our quality improvement project was to increase FCR from 33% to 80% over 1 year.

METHODS
Interventions included an FCR checklist integrated into the electronic healthcare record (EHR-FCR checklist), staff education, visual prompts, and interpreters. Our primary outcome measure was weekly % FCR. Our main process measure was weekly % nursing documentation. To address language inclusion, we compared FCR encounters for families with LOE versus EP. The use of the checklist without interventions was assessed during the sustain period. Control charts were used to analyze measures. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare FCR for families with LOE versus EP.

RESULTS
FCR increased to 81% during the intervention period and then decreased to 73% during the sustain period. Nursing documentation increased to 93% with the EHR-FCR checklist implemented as a flowsheet. There was no statistical difference in the proportion of families with LOE versus EP who participated in FCR (84% versus 81%, P = .38) during the intervention period; a statistically higher proportion of families with LOE participated in FCR during the sustain period (87% vs 72%, P &lt;.01).

CONCLUSIONS
We increased documented FCR on our community pediatric hospital medicine service, including FCR for families with LOE, by implementing a nursing-completed EHR-FCR checklist supported by staff education, visual prompts, and interpreters.
Morphological and functional spleen development in crossbreed rabbits
Authors: Myroshnychenko I. I. , Lieshchova M. A. 
Published: October 2024

The accelerated growth of muscle mass in productive broiler breeds is often associated with delayed organ development of integral body systems, particularly the immune structures. The spleen is the largest secondary immune organ in the mammalian body and is responsible for initiating immune responses to blood-borne antigens. It can only perform this function successfully if all of its tissue components are fully morphologically and functionally mature. The spleen was studied in meat production rabbits (early maturing crossbreed Hyplus) at 1, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 days of age. Morphological studies included anatomical dissection, clarification of topography, determination of mass parameters, preparation of smears and histological sections. Spleen histological sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, according to Van Gieson, and impregnated with silver nitrate, followed by microscopy. Qualitative and quantitative indicators of spleen cellular and tissue component development were determined using ImageJ software. It was found that in crossbred rabbits the topography of the spleen corresponds to general anatomical principles of localisation, has a fixed place and is an anatomically formed organ. In day-old animals, the histological differentiation of the spleen is limited to the connective tissue stroma and the parenchyma. The organ's parenchyma is formed by reticular tissue, with hematopoietic and lymphoid cells among the cells, without differentiation into white and red pulp. In 10-day-old rabbits, the white pulp is represented by the periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) and marginal zones. Single primary lymphoid nodules without germinal centres are seen in the spleen from 20 days of age. By 30 days of age, the white splenic pulp has all the major structural and functional zones, including formed lymphoid nodules with germinal centres and mantle zones. During the second and third months of life, the spleen gradually increases the relative area of all white pulp functional zones, reaching a maximum at 90 days of age. In productive rabbits, the cellular composition of the splenic white pulp is represented by lymphocytes (small, medium, large), reticular cells, macrophages and plasma cells. During postnatal ontogenesis, the number of small lymphocytes increases in all white pulp functional zones, reaching maximum values in 90-day-old animals. On the contrary, the relative number of medium and large lymphocytes decreases. The number of reticulocytes in the periarterial lymphatic sheath and lymphoid nodules zones does not change significantly, and in the marginal zone it decreases substantially by the end of the study. The results of determining the timing of morphological and functional maturation of immunocompetent structures in the spleen of meat rabbits are of great biomedical and economic importance. They will serve as a control for comparing changes in rabbit spleen lymphoid tissues during the development of pathological processes, as well as under the influence of external factors.
Influence of growth intensity of black and white dairy cattle on their reproduction and productivity under free housing
Authors: Admin O. Y. , Admina N. G. , Paliy А. P. , Petrov R. V. , Nagorna L. V. , Kovalenko L. M. , Nazarenko S. M. , Sevastianov V. V. 
Published: October 2024

Targeted and economically justified livestock breeding, considering the biological characteristics of growing animals, is a key issue in dairy farming. One of the insufficiently studied aspects of livestock breeding is the period of animal development from the first insemination to the first lactation, which affects their safety, productivity, and reproductive capacity. The study was conducted at the breeding station of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed of the state enterprise "Kutuzivka" in Kharkiv district, Kharkiv region, Ukraine. Animals born in different years differed in growth intensity, reproductive performance, and productivity. At the same time, there was a tendency for the milk yield of first-born heifers to improve with an increase in live weight gain from insemination to the first lactation. According to the results of the correlation analysis, this weight gain had a significant relationship with age and live weight at first insemination, milk yield for 90 days, milk yield for 150 days, milk yield for 305 days of lactation, and live weight at first lactation. The survival rate of all first-born heifers with a weight gain of more than 146 kg was 16–21% higher compared to animals with a lower weight gain. Also, such animals had the highest milk yields for all lactation periods. Their advantage in milk yield was 234 kg for the first 90 days of lactation, 331–381 kg for 150 days of lactation, and 573–675 kg for 305 days of lactation. Groups of animals with different live weight gain after the first insemination also had significant differences in the duration of the service period and the number of stillborn calves. The results of the study concluded that the animals with the highest gain were significantly younger and had a higher live weight at insemination as well as the highest live weight in the first lactation. The early maturation of replacement heifers will contribute to the intensive reproduction of the herd, which will increase the profitability of the dairy industry. Further research is needed to determine the effect of growth intensity on the reproductive performance of second and subsequent lactation cows and calf safety.
Copper sulfate and carbon tetrachloride induces a uniform response at the level of the redox system and the nature of this response depends on age
Authors: Ivanov E. G. , Lebid-Biletska K. M. , Bozhkov A. I. , Nikitchenko Y. V. 
Published: October 2024

The concept of oxidative stress, which is a development of D. Harman’s idea of random harmful tissue damage by free radicals, remains one of the most popular in the study of pathological processes, including age-dependent chronic changes. The work tested the hypothesis according to which, a shift in equilibrium towards pro-oxidants, i.e. oxidative stress, is the primary adaptive response of the body to exogenous toxic environmental factors. To test this, a number of indicators of the redox system were determined as a response to hepatotoxic compounds of different nature (copper sulfate and carbon tetrachloride) in young and old animals. The amount of lipid hydroperoxides and the activity of a number of antioxidant enzymes were determined in the blood serum of young (3 months) and old (20 months) rats before exposure (initial level) and after repeated sequential injections (3 injections) of copper sulfate at a dose of 1 mg/100 g body weight and carbon tetrachloride in a dose of 0.1 mL in 50% vegetable oil. It was found that in intact (initial level) old animals, the indicators of the redox system are shifted towards antioxidants. After three consecutive administrations of various hepatotoxic compounds, with an interval of 48 hours between administrations, the balance shifted towards pro-oxidants, regardless of the inducer, however, this effect was more pronounced in old animals compared to young ones, relative to their initial level. Such different reactivity of redox system indicators in animals of different ages led to the “evening out” of the initially different redox system indicators. We came to the conclusion that changing the balance in the pro-oxidant-antioxidant system is a universal, primary reaction of the body to endogenous or exogenous factors that perform regulatory functions and, depending on the temporal and functional characteristics of the body, are “transformed” into specific physiological manifestations.
Adaptability and prospects for the use of introduced representatives of the genus Weigela in different climatic conditions
Authors: Hovakimyan Z. H. , Muradyan N. N. , Gatrchyan G. M. , Grigoryan M. M. , Vardanyan Z. H. 
Published: October 2024

The use of highly decorative and beautifully flowering shrubs in urban green spaces, especially in sharply continental climatic conditions, is extremely important. In this regard, representatives of the genus Weigela are highly valued in the in different climatic conditions. The main indicators of eco-physiological adaptability of plants, such as intensity of transpiration and photosynthetic productivity, water deficiency and the total water content, quantity of the plastids, have been studied for the representatives of highly ornamental shrubs of the genus Weigela Thumb. The object of the research was the following representatives of the genus Weigela: W. praecox, W. coraeensis, W. floribunda, W. florida and W. florida ʺVariegataʺ, which were introduced into different climatic conditions in order to climate train and replenish the dendro-collections. Physiological research was conducted, during the vigorous vegetative period (May–June months). All the measurements were carried out within the 11:00–13:00 time period, in 9 repetitions (7–10 shoots were chosen for each sample). The nature of ecological adaptability of the studied species, along with the perspective of their application in the landscaping practices in different climatic zones was revealed. At the same time it was revealed that the studied species can be used not only as solitary plants (especially on the background of green lawns) but also in groups in long blooming gardens (with flowers with different colours and blooming phases) and in decorating rock gardens.
Phenotypic patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. in Ukraine
Authors: Shchur N. V. , Stepanskyi D. O. , Shuliak S. V. , Balanchuk L. V. , Skliar V. V. , Moskalenko L. M. , Ponomarova-Herasymiuk T. M. , Lusta M. V. , Nedosekov V. V. 
Published: October 2024

Campylobacter spp. are major foodborne zoonotic pathogens that have recently become more resistant to fluoroquinolones and macrolides, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics used in both medicine and veterinary practice. Campylobacter is a commensal of the intestines of mammals and birds, which facilitates the transfer of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants from other bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence and determine the AMR phenotypes of Campylobacter species isolated in Ukraine. Using the disk diffusion method (DDM), 33 isolates of Campylobacter spp. isolated from animals and poultry on farms between May and September 2023 were tested. Additionally, an analysis of the resistance of 293 Campylobacter spp. isolates obtained from children with acute intestinal infections from 2020 to 2023 was conducted. The level of resistance of clinical Campylobacter spp. to ciprofloxacin (CIP) was found to be 83.3%, to tetracycline (TE) 53.6%, to erythromycin (E) 11.6%, and the isolates from farms showed resistance to ciprofloxacin (CIP) at 72.7%, to tetracycline (TE) at 60.6%, and to erythromycin (E) at 18.2%. In 4.1% of clinical isolates, multidrug resistance (MDR) (CIP/TE/E) was detected, with the most common AMR combination being (CIP/TE), reaching 42.7%. Resistance to at least one antibiotic was found in 37.8%. The isolates from animals and poultry had a multiple antibiotic resistance rate of 12.1%, with 42.4% being resistant to at least one antibiotic. This study provides insight into the relevance and importance of Campylobacter spp. resistance in Ukraine. It expands the understanding of the issue, which requires more detailed study, including the molecular mechanisms of resistance and the identification of genetic determinants shaping the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in Ukraine. For this purpose, a collection of isolates has been created, and optimal long-term storage conditions have been selected, which will allow the study of Campylobacter spp. decades from now.