bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empowering Parents of Australian Infants and Children in Hospital: Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the EMpowerment of PArents in The Intensive Care-30-AUS Questionnaire
Authors: Gill Fenella J. , Wilson Sally , Aydon Laurene , Leslie Gavin D. , Latour Jos M. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
To translate, culturally adapt, and psychometrically test the EMpowerment of PArents in The Intensive Care-30 questionnaire in Australian pediatric critical care, neonatal, and pediatric ward settings.

Design:
Cross-sectional, descriptive, multicenter study conducted in two phases; 1) translation and cultural adaptation and 2) validation of the EMpowerment of PArents in The Intensive Care-30 questionnaire.

Settings:
Two Western Australian sites, the PICU and two pediatric wards of a children’s hospital and the neonatal unit of a women’s and newborn hospital.

Participants:
Parents whose baby or child was admitted to the participating wards or units with a length of hospital stay greater than 24 hours.

Intervention:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Phase 1: A structured 10-step translation process adhered to international principles of good practice for translation and cultural adaptation of patient-reported outcomes. Thirty parents participated in cognitive debriefing. Phase 2: A total of 328 parents responded to the EMpowerment of PArents in The Intensive Care-30-AUS questionnaire. Reliability was sufficient (Cronbach α at domain level 0.70 –0.82, for each clinical area 0.56–0.86). Congruent validity was adequate between the domains and three general satisfaction items (r
s 0.38–0.69). Nondifferential validity showed no significant effect size between three patient or parent demographic characteristics and the domains (Cohen’s d < 0.36). Between the different clinical areas, significant differences in responses were found in all domains.

Conclusions:
The translated and culturally adapted EMpowerment of PArents in The Intensive Care-30-AUS is a reliable and valid questionnaire to measure parent-reported outcomes in pediatric critical care, pediatric ward, and neonatal hospital settings. Using this questionnaire can provide a framework for a standardized quality improvement approach and identification of best practices across specialties, hospital services and for benchmarking similar health services worldwide.
A Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, and Safety Study of Gadoterate Meglumine in Pediatric Subjects Aged Younger Than 2 Years
Authors: Scala Mario , Koob Meriam , de Buttet Sophie , Bourrinet Philippe , Felices Mathieu , Jurkiewicz Elzbieta 
Published: September 2017

Objectives
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of gadoterate meglumine in pediatric patients younger than 2 years; the secondary objectives were to document its efficacy and safety.

Material and Methods
This was a Phase IV open-label, prospective study conducted in 9 centers (4 countries). Forty-five patients younger than 2 years with normal estimated glomerular filtration rate and scheduled to undergo routine gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of any organ were included and received a single intravenous injection of gadoterate meglumine (0.1 mmol/kg). To perform the population pharmacokinetics analysis, 3 blood samples per subject were drawn during 3 time windows at time points allocated by randomization.

Results
Gadoterate meglumine concentrations were best fitted using a 2-compartmental model with linear elimination from central compartment. The median total clearance adjusted to body weight was estimated at 0.06 L/h per kg and increased with estimated glomerular filtration rate according to a power model. The median volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) adjusted to body weight was estimated at 0.047 L/kg. Estimated median terminal half-life (t1/2β) was 1.35 h, and the median systemic exposure (area under the curve) was 1591 μmol h/L. Efficacy was assessed by comparing precontrast +postcontrast images to precontrast images in a subset of 28 subjects who underwent an MRI examination of brain, spine, and associated tissues. A total of 28 lesions were identified and analyzed in 15 subjects with precontrast images versus 30 lesions in 16 subjects with precontrast + postcontrast images. Lesion visualization was improved with a mean (SD) increase in scores at subject level of 0.7 (1.0) for lesion border delineation, 0.9 (1.6) for internal morphology, and 3.1 (3.2) for contrast enhancement. Twenty-six adverse events occurred postinjection in 13 subjects (28.9%), including 3 serious reported in 1 subject (2.2%). One subject (2.2%) experienced 1 rash of moderate intensity considered as related to gadoterate meglumine.

Conclusions
The pharmacokinetic profile of gadoterate meglumine after a single intravenous injection of 0.1 mmol/kg was appropriately described in newborns and infants younger than 2 years, for whom no dose adjustment is required. The improved efficacy of gadoterate meglumine for contrast-enhanced MRI examination of brain, spine, and associated tissues, as well as its good safety profile, was also demonstrated in this population.
False-Positive Pancreatic Uptake Detected on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT
Authors: Demirkol Mehmet Onur , Kiremit Murat Can , Acar Omer , Sag Alan Alper , Kapran Yersu 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
A 72-year-old man underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT because of an elevated prostate-specific antigen level despite prior prostatectomy. Besides low-intensity prostatic PSMA reactivities, a faintly PSMA-positive lesion in the pancreatic corpus drew attention, which seemed suggestive of a primary pancreatic cancer on the subsequent MRI and therefore had to be excised. The final diagnosis was pT3 low-grade neuroendocrine tumor. PSMA-positive incidentalomas, detected on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, can reveal more clinically significant extraprostatic disorders.
Trade-off shapes diversity in eco-evolutionary dynamics
Authors: Farahpour Farnoush , Saeedghalati Mohammadkarim , Brauer Verena , Hoffmann Daniel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe introduce an Interaction and Trade-off based Eco-Evolutionary Model (ITEEM), in which species are competing for resources in a well-mixed system, and their evolution in interaction trait space is subject to a life-history trade-off between replication rate and competitive ability. We demonstrate that the strength of the trade-off has a fundamental impact on eco-evolutionary dynamics, as it imposes four phases of diversity, including a sharp phase transition. Despite its minimalism, ITEEM produces without furtherad hocfeatures a remarkable range of observed patterns of eco-evolutionary dynamics. Most notably we find self-organization towards structured communities with high and sustainable diversity, in which competing species form interaction cycles similar to rock-paper-scissors games.
A Complex Evolutionary History for the Disease SusceptibilityCDHR3Locus
Authors: O’Neill Mary B. , Laval Guillaume , Teixeira João C. , Palmenberg Ann C. , Pepperell Caitlin S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSelective pressures imposed by pathogens have varied among human populations throughout their evolution, leading to marked inter-population differences at some genes mediating susceptibility to infectious and immune-related diseases. A common polymorphism resulting in a C529versus T529change in the Cadherin-Related Family Member 3 (CDHR3) receptor is associated with rhinovirus-C (RV-C) susceptibility and severe childhood asthma. Given the morbidity and mortality associated with RV-C dependent respiratory infections and asthma, we hypothesized that the protective variant has been under selection in the human population. Supporting this idea, a recent cross-species outbreak of RV-C among chimpanzees in Uganda, which carry the ancestral ‘risk’ allele at this position, resulted in a mortality rate of 8.9%. Using publicly available genomic data, we sought to determine the evolutionary history and role of selection acting on this infectious disease susceptibility locus. The protective variant is the derived allele and is found at high frequency worldwide, with the lowest relative frequency in African populations and highest in East Asian populations. There is minimal population structure among haplotypes, and we detect genomic signatures consistent with a rapid increase in frequency of the protective allele across all human populations. However, given strong evidence that the protective allele arose in anatomically modern humans prior to their migrations out of Africa and that the allele has not fixed in any population, the patterns observed here are not consistent with a classical selective sweep. We hypothesize that patterns may indicate frequency-dependent selection worldwide. Irrespective of the mode of selection, our analyses show the derived allele has been subject to selection in recent human evolution.
A unified framework for dissecting the effects of common signals on functional and effective connectivity analyses: power, coherence, and Granger causality
Authors: Cohen Dror , Tsuchiya Naotsugu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWhen analyzing neural data it is important to consider the limitations of the particular experimental setup. An enduring issue in the context of electrophysiology is the presence of common signals. For example a non-silent reference electrode adds a common signal across all recorded data and this adversely affects functional and effective connectivity analysis. To address the common signals problem, a number of methods have been proposed, but relatively few detailed investigations have been carried out. We address this gap by analyzing local field potentials recorded from the small brains of fruit flies. We conduct our analysis following a solid mathematical framework that allows us to make precise predictions regarding the nature of the common signals. We demonstrate how a framework that jointly analyzes power, coherence and quantities from the Granger causality framework allows us to detect and assess the nature of the common signals. Our analysis revealed substantial common signals in our data, in part due to a non-silent reference electrode. We further show that subtracting spatially adjacent signals (bipolar rereferencing) largely removes the effects of the common signals. However, in some special cases this operation itself introduces a common signal. The mathematical framework and analysis pipeline we present can readily be used by others to detect and assess the nature of the common signals in their data, thereby reducing the chance of misinterpreting the results of functional and effective connectivity analysis.
Infection via mosquito bite alters Zika virus replication kinetics in rhesus macaques
Authors: Dudley Dawn M. , Newman Christina M. , Lalli Joseph , Stewart Laurel M. , Koenig Michelle R. , Weiler Andrea M. , Semler Matthew R. , Barry Gabrielle L. , Zarbock Katie R. , Mohns Mariel S. , Breitbach Meghan E. , Schultz-Darken Nancy , Peterson Eric , Newton Wendy , Mohr Emma L. , Capuano Saverio , Osorio Jorge E. , O’Connor Shelby L. , O’Connor David H. , Friedrich Thomas C. , Aliota Matthew T. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTFor more than three decades it has been recognized that small amounts of vector saliva can significantly alter the infectivity of vector-borne pathogens and subsequentin vivodynamics. Mouse and nonhuman primate models now serve as useful platforms to study Zika virus (ZIKV) pathogenesis, candidate therapies, and vaccines, but they rely on needle inoculation of virus: the effects of mosquito-borne infection on disease outcome have not been explored in these models. To model vector-borne transmission of ZIKV in nonhuman primates, we infectedAedes aegyptimosquitoes with ZIKV and allowed them to feed on four ZIKV-naive rhesus macaques. We compared ZIKV replication kinetics and tissue distribution between animals that were subcutaneously inoculated with 104plaque-forming units of ZIKV and those that were exposed via mosquito bite. Here, we show that infection via mosquito bite delays ZIKV replication to peak viral loads in rhesus macaques. Importantly, in mosquito-infected animals ZIKV tissue distribution was limited to hemolymphatic tissues, female reproductive tract tissues, kidney, and liver, potentially emulating key features of human ZIKV infections, most of which are characterized by mild or asymptomatic disease. This newly developed system will be valuable for studying ZIKV disease because it more closely mimics human infection by mosquito bite than needle-based inoculations.
Review of UNAIDS national estimates of men who have sex with men, gay dating application users, and 90-90-90 data
Authors: Granich Reuben , Gupta Somya , Garner Alex , Howell Sean 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundAchieving the 90-90-90 is essential to keep people alive and to end AIDS. Men who have sex with men (MSM) often have the least access to HIV services.PurposeEstimates for key populations are often unavailable, dated or have very wide confidence intervals and more accurate estimates are required.MethodsWe compared registered users from a major gay dating application (2016) from 29 countries with the latest available (2013-2016) UNAIDS estimates by country. We searched the Internet, PubMed, national surveillance reports, UNAIDS country reports, President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) 2016 and 2017 operational plans, and conference abstracts for the latest nationally representative continua for MSM.ResultsOf comparison countries, only 18 countries had UNAIDS or other MSM population estimates in the public domain. UNAIDS estimates were larger than the gay dating application users in 9 countries, perhaps reflecting incomplete market penetration for the application. The gay dating application users in 9 countries were above the UNAIDS estimates; 8 were over 30% higher and three more than double the reported estimate. Seven partial or complete nationally representative care continua for MSM were published between 2010 and 2016. Among estimated MSM living with HIV, viral suppression varied between 42% (United States) to 99% (Denmark). The quality of the continua methods varied (quality data not shown).Conclusion“What is not monitored is not done” and social media has significant promise to improve estimates to ensure that MSM and other vulnerable people living with HIV and their communities are not left behind on the way to ending AIDS.
Development of Echovirus 29 cytopathology in RD cell line might not happen within 10 days post inoculation
Authors: Adewumi M.O. , Faleye T.O.C. , Ayinde O.T. , Ibok U.I. , Adeniji J.A. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTEchovirus 29 (E29) is a member of Species Enterovirus B (EV-B) in the genus Enterovirus, familyPicornaviridae, orderPicornavirinae. In Nigeria, molecular characterization of E29 was first described in 2002. In 2015, we found that a new clade of E29 had replaced that described in Nigeria in 2002-2003. To date, E29 isolates described from Nigeria were isolated in cultures of RD cell line. In 2016, we characterised an E29 strain that did not show cytopathology on RD cell line within the recommended 10 days of culture.Here we show that the E29 in question grows with evident CPE in RD cell culture like other members of the clade when allowed to stay in culture for 13 to 14 days. The findings of this study therefore suggest that some of the samples declared negative for enteroviruses by the current WHO cell culture based detection algorithm might be false negatives. It is therefore encouraged that those particularly interested in non-polio enteroviruses endeavour to maintain at least 14 days incubation in cell culture in a bid to accommodate NPEVs like E29 that might need longer time to develop CPE especially when present at low titre.
Invasion triple trouble: Environmental fluctuations, fluctuation-adapted invaders and fluctuation-mal-adapted communities all govern invasion success
Authors: Saarinen Kati , Lindström Leena , Ketola Tarmo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIt has been suggested that climate change will lead to increased environmental fluctuations, which will undoubtedly have evolutionary consequences for all biota. For instance, fluctuations can directly increase the risk of invasions of alien species into new areas, as these species have repeatedly been proposed to benefit from disturbances. At the same time increased environmental fluctuations may also select for better invaders. However, selection by fluctuations may also influence the resistance of communities to invasions, which has rarely been tested. We tested eco-evolutionary dynamics of invasion with bacterial clones, evolved either in constant or fluctuating temperatures, and conducted experimental invasions in both conditions. We found clear evidence that ecological fluctuations, as well as adaptation to fluctuations by both the invader and community, all affected invasions, but played different roles at different stages of invasion. Ecological fluctuations clearly promoted invasions, especially into fluctuation mal-adapted communities. The evolutionary background of the invader clearly played a smaller role, and only at the later stages of invasion in the fluctuating environments. Our results indicate that climate change associated disturbances can directly increase the risk of invasions by altering ecological conditions during invasions, as well as via the evolution of both the invader and communities. Our experiment provides novel information on the complex consequences of climate change on invasions in general, and also charts risk factors associated with the spread of environmentally growing opportunistic pathogens.Data AccessibilityUpon acceptance the data will be made publicly available.Statement of authorshipAuthors planned the questions and experiment together. KS conducted the laboratory work and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. TK conducted statistical analyses. All authors wrote the final version of the manuscript.
KCC1 Activation protects Mice from the Development of Experimental Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Hortle Elinor , Starrs Lora , Brown Fiona , Jane Stephen , Curtis David , McMorran Brendan J. , Foote Simon J. , Burgio Gaetan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPlasmodium falciparummalaria causes half a million deaths per year, with up to 9% of this mortality caused by cerebral malaria (CM). One of the major processes contributing to the development of CM is an excess of host inflammatory cytokines. Recently K+ signaling has emerged as an important mediator of the inflammatory response to infection; we therefore investigated whether mice carrying an ENU induced activation of the electroneutral K+ channel KCC1 had an altered response toPlasmodium berghei. Here we show that Kcc1M935K/M935Kmice are protected from the development of experimental cerebral malaria, and that this protection is associated with an increased CD4+ T cells and TNF-α response. This is the first description of a K+ channel affecting the development of experimental cerebral malaria.
Longitudinal development of hippocampal subregions from childhood to adulthood
Authors: Tamnes Christian K. , Bos Marieke G. N. , van de Kamp Ferdi C. , Peters Sabine , Crone Eveline A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDetailed descriptions of the development of the hippocampus promise to shed light on the neural foundation of development of memory and other cognitive functions, as well as the emergence of major mental disorders. Hippocampus is a heterogeneous structure with a well characterized internal complexity, but development of its distinct subregions in humans has remained poorly described. We analyzed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from a large longitudinal sample (270 participants, 678 scans) using an automated segmentation tool and mixed models to delineate the development of hippocampal subregion volumes from childhood to adulthood. We also examined sex differences in subregion volumes and their development, and associations between hippocampal subregions and general cognitive ability. Nonlinear developmental trajectories with early volume increases were observed for subiculum, cornu ammonis (CA) 1, molecular layer (ML) and fimbria. In contrast, parasubiculum, presubiculum, CA2/3, CA4 and the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (GC-DG) showed linear volume decreases. No sex differences were found in hippocampal subregion development. Finally, general cognitive ability was positively associated with CA2/3 and CA4 volumes, as well as with ML development. In conclusion, hippocampal subregions appear to develop in diversified ways across adolescence, and specific subregions may link to general cognitive level.HighlightsHippocampal subregions develop in differential ways from childhood to adulthoodSubiculum, CA1, ML and fimbria showed nonlinear trajectories with initial increasesParasubiculum, presubiculum, CA2/3, CA4 and GC-DG showed linear volume decreasesThere were no sex differences in hippocampal subregion developmentGeneral cognitive ability associated with CA2/3 and CA4 volumes and ML development
A comprehensive profile of circulating RNAs in human serum
Authors: Umu Sinan Uğur , Langseth Hilde , Bucher-Jonannessen Cecilie , Fromm Bastian , Keller Andreas , Meese Eckart , Lauritzen Marianne , Leithaug Magnus , Lyle Robert , Rounge Trine 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTNon-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules have fundamental roles in cells and many are also stable in body fluids as extracellular RNAs. In this study, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate the profile of small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) in human serum. We analyzed 10 billion lllumina reads from 477 serum samples, included in the Norwegian population-based Janus Serum Bank (JSB). We found that the core serum RNA repertoire includes 258 micro RNAs (miRNA), 441 piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNA), 411 transfer RNAs (tRNA), 24 small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA), 125 small nuclear RNAs (snRNA) and 123 miscellaneous RNAs (misc-RNA). We also investigated biological and technical variation in expression, and the results suggest that many RNA molecules identified in serum contain signs of biological variation. They are therefore unlikely to be random degradation by-products. In addition, the presence of specific fragments of tRNA, snoRNA, Vault RNA and Y_RNA indicates protection from degradation. Our results suggest that many circulating RNAs in serum can be potential biomarkers.
Neuronal populations in the occipital cortex of the blind synchronize to the temporal dynamics of speech
Authors: van Ackeren Markus J. , Barbero Francesca , Mattioni Stefania , Bottini Roberto , Collignon Olivier 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe occipital cortex of early blind individuals (EB) activates during speech processing, challenging the notion of a hard-wired neurobiology of language. But, at what stage of speech processing do occipital regions participate in EB?Here we demonstrate that parieto-occipital regions in EB enhance their synchronization to acoustic fluctuations in human speech in the theta-range (corresponding to syllabic rate), irrespective of speech intelligibility. Crucially, enhanced synchronization to the intelligibility of speech was selectively observed in primary visual cortex in EB, suggesting that this region is at the interface between speech perception and comprehension. Moreover, EB showed overall enhanced functional connectivity between temporal and occipital cortices sensitive to speech intelligibility and altered directionality when compared to the sighted group. These findings suggest that the occipital cortex of the blind adopts an architecture allowing the tracking of speech material, and therefore does not fully abstract from the reorganized sensory inputs it receives.