bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSLBII-1 Enhancing cattle health and performance through targeted supplement optimization and evaluation
Authors: Hanson Andrea M , Magotiaux Kyleigh , Ralston Brenda 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Our objective is to evaluate and optimize Bovi-MV formulation through its effect on serum mineral/vitamin (M/V) concentrations in cattle and develop a systems approach to oral M/V supplementation through the lifecycle of beef cattle to determine the best management strategy to help reduce M/V deficiencies in young and mature animals. Cow/calf pairs (n = 300 over 2 yr) and follow the calves to harvest late in yr 2. The research is timed to coincide with typical management handling processes (e.g., vaccination of cows before calving and calf processing after birth, before pasture, at weaning time, on induction to the feedlot, and at reimplanting). The calf herd will be divided at birth into treatment (calves whose dams received BoviMV supplement) and control (~150 calves per group). Vitaferst-Care will be provided to the treatment group at processing (vaccination, antiparasitic application) before going to grass (~ 3 mo of age). Bovi-MV will only be given to the treatment group. All calves will be administered a tracer vaccine to assess their immune response. Blood samples will be collected from all calves for antibody titer testing at weaning (~ 6 mo of age). The treatment calves will also receive a booster dose of Bovi-MV at that time. Approximately 90 d after weaning (~ 9 mo of age) antibody titer will be determined immune response was. Calf morbidity, mortality, and performance (average daily gain) will be monitored in the feedlot. An accredited lab will conduct M/V blood analysis; antibody titer testing will be done at a Lakeland College lab. Based on MV and titer to the Bovi-MV supplement and tracer vaccine, the formulation of the Bovi-MV will be evaluated, and recommendations will be made. Based on results from two previous studies evaluating M/V blood concentrations in cattle (Neonatal supplement and Itchy Cow) in Western Canada, vitamin and mineral concentrations tended to be below optimum values, especially in herds provided supplementation free choice. All cows were deficient in vitamin A at calving, averaging 66.27 ± 2.51 ppb, with 50% having nondetectable concentrations. With vitamin E, 8 animals had nondetectable concentrations, only 8 had sufficient concentrations, and those with detectable concentrations averaged 3.16 ppm ± 2.17. Cows had sufficient iron ug/mL averaging 2.14 ± 1.02 and selenium ug/mL 0.09 ± 0.02. As Cheryl Waldner et al. (2023) reported, 24 to 43% copper deficiency is prevalent in cattle in the southern halves of the three prairie provinces. Armed with this information, this study is the first step in developing a systems approach to year-round management of the cow herd’s vitamin and mineral supplementation.
PSLBII-5 Impacts of residual feed intake measured as a heifer in drylot on mature cows and calves grazing native pasture
Authors: de Novais Francisco José , Bolen Hailey , Udeh Valentine , Lopes Sydney , Oloyede Temitope , Guan Leluo , Li Changxi , Basarab John A , Fitzsimmons Carolyn J , bork Edward 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Selection for feed efficiency is crucial for improving economic and environmental sustainability in beef cattle production. Residual feed intake (RFIfat) is a commonly used measure of feed efficiency and is determined in a drylot setting by calculating the difference between observed and expected dry matter intake (DMI), where expected feed intake is adjusted for metabolic body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and body fatness. Lower RFIfat cattle are more efficient animals as they eat less than predicted for the same growth, body size and body fatness. Limited studies have been conducted evaluating the role of RFIfat on the subsequent performance of cow-calf pairs on native range. Kinsella Composite cows and calves (n = 120) grazed native pasture from July 11 to Sept 12 (summer) and from Sept 13 to Nov 2 (fall) of 2023 were included in this study. All dams had previously been evaluated for RFIfat as a heifer (8 to 12 mo of age) using the GrowSafe Feed Intake System (Vytelle, Canada). Cow and calf ADG were subjected to an analysis of covariance using lm function from stats R core package (R Core Team, 2024), with cow age (2 to 8 yr of age) as the fixed effect and RFIfat as the covariate, analyzing separately by season. An unbalanced Tukey HDS post-hoc were applied for age and p-values &lt; 0.05 were considered significant. Weight gain was assessed on cows with an initial BW on pasture of 598.4 ± 68.4 kg, and 2 to 8 yr of age, and on calves having an initial on pasture BW of 106 ± 21.5 kg, and 65 ± 14 d of age. Cow age affected (P &lt; 0.01) cow ADG during summer, with the youngest dams (2 yr old) gaining more weight than older animals (7 yr old; Figure 1A). No effect of RFIfat was found on cow weight gain during summer grazing. However, during fall grazing, RFIfat affected (P &lt; 0.01) cow ADG (Figure 1B). Low-RFIfat cows (efficient) had increased weight gain during fall grazing as compared with high-RFIfat cows (inefficient: Figure 1B). Calf ADG was not affected (P &gt; 0.1) by cow age, cow RFIfat and cow ADG during summer and fall. We conclude that cows with low RFIfat exhibited superior body weight gain, during fall grazing on native range when forage nutrient quality and quantity become limiting.
PSLBII-20 Estimation of genetic parameters for methane emissions and residual feed intake in Nellore cattle
Authors: Sainz Roberto D , Baldi Fernando S , Temp Larissa B , Ribeiro Luciano B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to obtain (co)variance components, heritability, and genetic correlation estimates for enteric methane emissions, residual feed intake, growth, carcass and reproductive indicator traits. Data from 43 feed efficiency trials conducted over a 13-yr period on a single purebred Nellore herd in Central Brazil, comprising 3,400 intact males and 2,167 females, were analyzed. Trial data along with diet NDF content were used to estimate the methane emission (g CH4/kg carcass gain) for each individual, using an equation developed by Medeiros et al., 2014: CH4 (g/d) = -0.1011 + 0.02062*DMI (kg/d) + 0.001648*NDF (% of DMI). Other data included pedigree information, body weight (BW), carcass traits, and reproductive indicator traits. Continuous traits were analyzed using a linear animal model, and threshold traits were analyzed using a threshold animal model. Two-trait analyses were performed using the restricted maximum likelihood to estimate the variance components, heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations among traits. The estimated heritability of methane emissions was 0.136 ± 0.0314. The genetic correlations of methane emissions with growth and carcass traits were low and not different from zero: BW at 450 d (0.064 ± 0.140), scrotal circumference at 365 d (0.188 ± 0.155), longissimus muscle area (-0.090 ± 0.132), 12th-13th rib fat (-0.122 ± 0.142), rump fat (0.080 ± 0.119), intramuscular fat % (-0.108 ± 0.152), BW at 210 d (-0.077 ± 0.168). By contrast, there were the low genetic correlation of methane emissions with early calving probability (-0.260; -0.504 – 0.026); moderate genetic correlations of methane emissions with age at first calving (0.519 ± 0.202) and DM intake (0.512 ± 0.116); and the high correlation of methane with residual feed intake (RFI; 0.832 ± 0.073). Thus, selection to improve weaning and yearling weights, and carcass traits would not affect methane emissions. Genetic selection to reduce methane emissions is feasible and would also reduce DMI and RFI, as well as female sexual precocity traits. Conversely, selection to improve RFI can be used to identify animals with decreased methane emissions. Medeiros, S. R, L. G. Baioni, A. Berndt, M. C. Freua, T. Z. Albertini, C. Costa Jr., e G. B. Feltrin (2014) Modeling enteric methane emission from beef cattle in Brazil: A proposed equation performed by principal component analyses and mixed modeling multiple regression. Proceedings, Livestock, Climate Change and Food Security Conference, Madrid.
PSVII-20 Effect of starch content in the concentrate of finishing bison on meat nutritional composition, quality, and palatability
Authors: Prieto Nuria , Lopez-Campos Oscar , Penner Gregory B , Ribeiro Gabriel O , de Almeida Maite , Moya Diego 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
According to the Saskatchewan Bison Association, in the last few years producers have not been able to fill the increasing demand for bison meat. Indeed, one of the main challenges faced by the bison industry is their ability to produce a consistent product in a relatively short period of time. Hence, it is necessary to optimize the productivity and profitability of feeding bison calves while ensuring the quality of the end product. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different starch contents in the concentrate of finishing bison on meat nutritional composition, quality, and palatability. Yearling bison bulls [n = 48; commercial Wood × Plains, 435 ± 13.4 kg body weight (BW)] were homogenously distributed into 12 pens (4 bulls/pen) based on BW, and each pen randomly assigned (n = 6) to receive either a high- [51.4% dry matter basis (DM); n = 24 bison bulls) or moderate-starch (25.8% DM; n = 24 bison bulls) concentrate, alongside free access to water and grass hay bales. After 156 d of feeding, bison bulls were slaughtered in a commercial abattoir in AB, Canada. At 3 d postmortem, color values were measured at the ribeye between the 11 and 12th ribs. Subsequently, striploins from the left carcass sides were collected, weighed, vacuum packaged, and transported under refrigeration conditions to the AAFC-Lacombe Research and Development Centre, AB, Canada. On d 6 of ageing, striploins were unpacked and weighed to measure purge losses, and pH was collected. Subsequently, six 2.5-cm thick steaks were obtained for further nutritional analyses (minerals, cholesterol, vitamin B3, protein, fat, moisture, and fatty acids), shear force, color in retail display for 4 d, and descriptive sensory and flavor profile analyses performed by trained panelists. The dietary starch content did not affect the nutritional composition as well as the pH, 3-d color values, moisture losses, and shear force value of the bison meat (P &gt; 0.1). However, the high-starch concentrate increased the meat luminosity (L*) after 4 d in retail display (P &lt; 0.05) and initial and overall tenderness (P &lt; 0.001), and decreased the amount of perceived connective tissue (P &lt; 0.001). Additionally, spongy and rubbery textures were less frequently found by trained panelists in meat from bison fed a high-starch than a moderate-starch concentrate (P &lt; 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Regarding meat flavor, the high-starch concentrate decreased salty taste (P &lt; 0.05) and burnt and livery aromas (P = 0.071 and 0.069, respectively) but increased metallic flavor (P &lt; 0.01) and bitter taste (P = 0.076). In conclusion, the starch content in the concentrate of finishing bison did not affect the meat nutritional value. However, some positive effects on meat color and palatability were found when feeding bison a high-starch concentrate.
PSVII-21 Impact of low voltage electrical stimulation applied to longissimus thoracis et lumborum and semitendinosus on meat quality and palatability
Authors: Lopez-Campos Oscar , Leighton Patricia L A , Chabot Brady , Scott Haley R , Zawadski Sophie , Prieto Nuria 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Low voltage electrical stimulation (LVES, 20-120V) is safer and more cost-effective than high voltage electrical stimulation (HVES). Despite some studies showing positive effects of LVES on meat quality, no studies have evaluated the effects of LVES on meat flavor profile. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of LVES applied directly to the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles on meat quality and flavor profile. Steers [n = 32; 689.2 ± 29.66 kg body weight (BW)] were used. After carcass splitting and randomizing by carcass side, the LTL and ST of one carcass side were stimulated individually with 45 VRMS at 49.83 ± 2.32 min post-mortem using a commercial stimulator. The other carcass side remained unstimulated. The LTL and ST pH were measured at 45 min, 3 h, 3 d and 6 d. At 3 d post-mortem, LT objective color (Minolta L*, a*, b*, hue, chroma) was measured and one steak from LT and ST were collected for cooking losses and shear force analyses. The remaining muscle was weighed, vacuum-packaged, aged until 6 d post-mortem and, subsequently, unpackaged and re-weighed to calculate purge losses. One steak from each muscle was placed in a retail display and objective color at 0 and 4 d (6 and 10 d post-mortem) and drip losses were assessed. Cooking losses and shear force of 6- and 12-d aged steaks from each muscle were measured. Trained panelists evaluated sensory attributes of frozen-thawed 6-d aged longissimus lumborum (LL) and ST steaks. There were stimulation × ageing time interactions for pH in both muscles, as LVES reduced the pH at 3 h but did not affect pH at 3 and 6 d post-mortem (P &lt; 0.001 Figure 1). The LVES did not significantly affect the LT color values at 3 d post-mortem (P &gt; 0.05) or in retail display (P &gt; 0.1, Table 1). In the ST, however, there were stimulation × ageing time interactions for a*, b* and chroma measured in retail display, with stimulation increasing all these values at 0 d, whereas there was no effect on a* and chroma and a lesser increase in b* after 4 d (P &lt; 0.001, Table 1). Regardless of ageing time, LVES increased ST L* (P &lt; 0.05) and hue (P &lt; 0.001) in retail display (Table 1). The LVES did not affect LT and ST drip losses (P &gt; 0.1, Table 1), shear force, descriptive sensory attributes and LT purge losses (P &gt; 0.1), but increased ST purge losses (P &lt; 0.05). The LVES increased burnt aroma (P &lt; 0.05) and umami (P &lt; 0.01) and salty (P = 0.075) tastes and decreased bitter taste (P &lt; 0.01) and green-hay flavor (P &lt; 0.05) in the LL, but did not affect ST flavor (P &gt; 0.1; Table 2). Overall, LVES had muscle-specific effects with improvements in ST retail color and LL flavor profile.
PSVII-19 Effects of silage particle size on beef quality and muscle lipogenesis of finishing Nellore heifers
Authors: Ladeira Marcio M , Hancco Ruth , Bernardes Thiago , Figueredo Lorena , Souza Marcela , Teixeira Priscilla , Junior Jose Maria Oliveira , Costa Gabrielli 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of corn silage particle size on beef quality and expression of gluconeogenic and lipogenic genes in feedlot-finished Nellore heifers. Nellore heifers (n = 94), with an initial body weight (BW) of 249.71 ± 34.62, were allotted into 32 pens (three animals per pen) in a completely randomized design, with 2 treatments and 16 repetitions. The treatments were corn silage with a particle size of 13 mm (short) or 24 mm (long). The feeding period lasted 101 d, with the first 15 d for diet adaptation. After slaughter, samples of the longissimus thoracis muscle (LT) from the left side of the half carcass and liver were taken for beef quality and gene expression analyses. The chemical composition of the beef was analyzed using near infrared according to the AOAC method 2007-04, using the FoodScanTM equipment (AOAC method: 2007-04; FOSS, Hillerod, Denmark). RT-qPCR analyses of each gene investigated were carried out using cDNA from 16 biological replicates per treatment (1 heifer chosen randomly in each pen), with each biological replicate subjected to 2 technical replicates. Relative gene expression analyses were calculated using the delta delta ct method and the reference genes used were ACTB and GAPDH. The normality of all experimental data was checked using the Shapiro-Wilk test in SAS software. When the data did not present a normal distribution, transformation was performed using PROC RANK. The model included particle size as a fixed effect and pen as a random effect. There was no treatment effect on collagen, moisture, and mineral content (P &gt; 0.10), but muscles from heifers fed short particle sizes tended to have greater protein content (23.3 versus 22.9; P = 0.098), while muscles from heifers fed with long particles had greater intramuscular fat content (2.62 versus 3.28; P = 0.05). For liver gene expression, heifers fed short particle sizes tended to have greater expression of the PC gene (1.00 versus 0.82; P = 0.06), while PEPCK2 had higher expression in heifers fed long particles (1.00 versus 1.18; P = 0.04). In addition, the long particle size of corn silage affected the expression of PPARA (P = 0.001), and there was no effect of diets (P &gt; 0.05) on PPARG and SREBF1 expressions (Table 1). Expression of LPL, FABP4, SCD1, CPT2 (P &lt; 0.001), and ACACA (P = 0.017) genes increased in the muscle of heifers fed long particle size. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of corn silage with long particle size in feedlot diets has the potential to increase the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and then increase intramuscular fat in Nellore heifers.
PSI-27 Dietary supplementation of betaine and an antioxidant blend improved feed efficiency in commercially housed fattening pigs under heat stress conditions
Authors: Agyekum Atta Kofi , Torrey Stephanie , Simard Francis , Abedin Mohsen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Heat stress decreases pig productivity and welfare by reducing feed intake and growth, increasing oxidative stress, and compromising gut health. Feed additives with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties could help pigs cope with the negative impact of heat stress. The study evaluated the efficacy of feeding diets containing betaine and a plant-based antioxidant blend (AOB) on the growth performance and carcass quality parameters of commercially housed fattening pigs under heat-stress conditions. The study design was a randomized completed block with 2 dietary treatments using 836 pigs [starting body weight (BW) = 22.7 ± 3.8 kg) and 22 replicate pens/treatment (19 mixed-sex pigs/pen). The treatments were a standard four-phase commercial grow-finish corn-soy based diet (Control) and Control plus 1 kg/MT each of betaine and AOB (BetAOB). Pigs were subjected to a heat stress challenge by increasing the ambient temperature from 18 to 29 oC for 8 pigs/d (1000 to 1800 h) from d 10 to 42 and d 85 to 106 of the study. Body weight and feed disappearance of each pen were recorded before and after the heat stress challenge and every third week to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Morbidity and mortality were recorded daily. Data were analyzed using PROC GLMMIX of SAS with appropriate models for the different data distributions. Pen was the experimental unit. The overall herd mortality was 1.3% and 0.7% of pigs received medical treatment for leg problems. Treatment did not affect the percentage of pigs culled (P = 0.48; Control = 6.7% vs. BetAOB = 5.7%). Pigs fed BetAOB tended to have a decreased FCR (-0.06 kg/kg; P = 0.10) during the first heat stress challenge (d 22 to 42). Further, BetAOB-fed pigs had decreased FCR (-0.07 kg/kg; P = 0.02) and tended to have a greater ADG (+28 g/d; P = 0.07) from d 43 to 61. Pigs fed BetAOB tended to have decreased ADFI (-89 g/d; P = 0.06) from d 62 to 84. Consequently, pigs fed BetAOB had less (P = 0.04) overall FCR compared with the Control (2.53 vs. 2.48 kg/kg). Treatment did not affect carcass weight (P = 0.76), carcass yield (P = 0.76), or any of the carcass quality parameters measured (all P &gt; 0.11). In summary, under heat-stress conditions, pigs receiving a diet containing 1 kg/MT each of betaine and AOB had better feed efficiency than those receiving the Control diet. Therefore, feeding finishing pigs diets supplemented with betaine and the antioxidant blend can help minimize the negative effect of heat stress by improving feed efficiency.
PSI-25 Improvements in the jejunal villus morphometry and increases in the number of goblet cells with the addition of humic substances from vermicompost in weaned pigs
Authors: Agredo-Palechor Alexander , Gomez-Rosales Sergio , de Angeles Maria Lourdes , Perez-Alvarado Alejandra , Mariscal-Landin Gerardo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
An experiment was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effects of the addition of humic substances (HS) from vermicompost in the feed on the histology measurements and number of goblet cells in the jejunal villus in piglets at weaning. Piglets (n = 200) were housed in groups of five in elevated pens and were assigned to one of four treatments: 1 = Positive control diet (PC) with antibiotic growth promoter (AGP), 2 = Negative control diet (NC) without AGP, 3 and 4 = Diets without AGP added with 2500 and 5000 ppm HS, respectively. HS were extracted from a vermicompost made of sheep and pig manure using an alkaline solution and added in dry form to the feed. A basal sample of 5 cm of jejunum was taken from 10 piglets at weaning; the same was done on d 3 and 7 post-weaning, selecting 5 piglets per treatment. The samples were processed to apply different stains: () eosin and hematoxylin for morphometric analysis: villus height, villus thickness, villus area, crypt depth and the villus eight to crypt depth ratio; 2) Pass Schiff to quantify neutral goblet cells; 3) Alcian Blue pH 1.0 for heavily sulfated goblet cells; and 4) Alcian Blue pH 2.5 for non-sulfated acid goblet cells. Ten villi per animal were evaluated. Images were analyzed with Leica interactive measurement software. The results were subjected to ANOVA in a randomized complete block design. Regarding the histology of villus in the jejunum, on d 3 post-weaning the pigs added with HS had a greater villus height (3 = 317.75, 4 = 310.46 vs 2 = 278.08 and 1 = 307.12 µm; P &lt; 0.05; SEM = 10.86), villus width (3 = 94.64, 4 = 95.04 vs 2 = 85.39, and 1 = 93.51 µm; P &lt; 0.01; SEM = 2.32); and villus area (3 = 95841, 4 = 93678 Vs 2 = 76646 and 1 = 93471 µm2; P &lt; 0.01; SEM = 4343), compared with the NC. The crypt depth was greater in piglets added with HS (3 = 236.78, 4 = 241.85 vs 1 = 194.65 and 2 = 203.01 µm; P &lt; 0.01; SEM = 6.57) compared with the PC and NC. On d 7 postweaning, the piglets added with HS showed greater villus height (3 = 293.24, 4 = 282.45 vs 1 = 258.95 and 2 = 253.03 µm; P &lt; 0.01; SEM = 7.89); villus area (3 = 101354, 4 = 94,575 vs 1 = 85,633 and 2 = 82,125 µm2; P &lt; 0.01; SEM = 3818) and crypt depth (3 = 326.82, 4 = 337.28 vs 2 = 283.88 and 1 = 321.53 µm; P &lt; 0.01; SEM = 8.285) compared with the PC and NC. The number of neutral, heavily sulfated and non-sulfated goblet cells at 3 and 7 d post-weaning were significantly reduced in all treatments compared with weaning; but with the addition of HS a greater number (P &lt; 0.05) of goblet cells per villus were shown. The results suggest that HS from vermicompost improves the intestinal morphometry and increases the number of goblet cells that produce protective intestinal mucus at 3 and 7 d post-weaning in pigs.