bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of sample refrigeration and freezing on the bacteriological counts of different bedding materials for dairy cows
Authors: Fusar Poli Sara , Monistero Valentina , Pollera Claudia , Freu Gustavo , Bronzo Valerio , Piccinini Renata , Nocetti Marco , Sala Giulia , Veiga dos Santos Marcos , Moroni Paolo , Addis M. Filippa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Different organic and inorganic bedding materials can be used in dairy farms. Among organic materials, there is an increasing interest in alternative substrates based on recycled manure solids (RMS). Microbiological analyses are crucial to monitor the microbial load and evaluate the presence of pathogens impacting animal welfare and health. However, logistic factors may hamper the possibility of immediately sending fresh samples to the laboratory, requiring storage in cooled conditions before analysis.

Methods
We assessed the impact of sample refrigeration and freezing of different organic and inorganic bedding substrates including separated raw manure solids (SRMS), anaerobically digested manure solids (ADMS), and new sand (NS), on the total bacterial count (TBC) and on different microbial classes.

Results
The TBC was higher in fresh NS and ADMS than in refrigerated and frozen samples of the same substrates; in addition, the TBC of ADMS was higher in refrigerated than frozen samples. The TBC of SRMS did not change significantly with refrigeration and freezing. Freezing reduced the total Gram-negative bacterial count more than refrigeration in all substrates. In fresh NS, Gram-negatives were higher than in both refrigerated and frozen NS. Escherichia coli counts were significantly lower in frozen than in refrigerated SRMS. However, both refrigeration and freezing of ADMS resulted in no E. coli growth. The coliform counts were also lower in frozen than refrigerated NS and SRMS. Frozen NS and ADMS showed lower counts compared to refrigeration for Gram-negative bacteria other than E. coli and coliforms. On the other hand, cold storage did not significantly impact the streptococci and streptococcus-like organisms (SSLO) count of all evaluated bedding substrates.

Conclusion
Refrigeration and freezing affect the bacteriological results of bedding substrates, with freezing generally leading to lower counts than refrigeration. Whenever possible, preference should be given to analyzing fresh bedding samples, however, when necessary, refrigeration would be recommended over freezing, while acknowledging that the measured bacterial load might underestimate the actual microbial content.
The effect of alcohol consumption on human physiological and perceptual responses to heat stress: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Morris Nathan B. , Ravanelli Nicholas , Chaseling Georgia K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) consumption is ostensibly known to increase the risk of morbidity and mortality during hot weather and heatwaves. However, how alcohol independently alters physiological, perceptual, and behavioral responses to heat stress remains poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a systematic scoping review to understand how alcohol consumption affects thermoregulatory responses to the heat.

Methods
We searched five databases employing the following eligibility criteria, studies must have: 1) involved the oral consumption of ethanol, 2) employed a randomized or crossover-control study design with a control trial consisting of a volume-matched, non-alcoholic beverage, 3) been conducted in healthy adult humans, 4) reported thermophysiological, perceptual, hydration status markers, and/or behavioral outcomes, 5) been published in English, 6) been conducted in air or water at temperatures of > 28°C, 7) involved passive rest or exercise, and 8) been published before October 4th, 2023.

Results
After removing duplicates, 7256 titles were screened, 29 papers were assessed for eligibility and 8 papers were included in the final review. Across the 8 studies, there were a total of 93 participants (93 male/0 female), the average time of heat exposure was 70 min and average alcohol dose was 0.68 g·kg1. There were 23 unique outcome variables analyzed from the studies. The physiological marker most influenced by alcohol was core temperature (lowered with alcohol consumption in 3/4 studies). Additionally, skin blood flow was increased with alcohol consumption in the one study that measured it. Typical markers of dehydration, such as increased urine volume (1/3 studies), mass loss (1/3 studies) and decreased plasma volume (0/2 studies) were not consistently observed in these studies, except for in the study with the highest alcohol dose.

Conclusion
The effect of alcohol consumption on thermoregulatory responses is understudied, and is limited by moderate doses of alcohol consumption, short durations of heat exposure, and only conducted in young-healthy males. Contrary to current heat-health advice, the available literature suggests that alcohol consumption does not seem to impair physiological responses to heat in young healthy males.
Ageing results in an exacerbated inflammatory response to LPS by resident lung cells
Authors: Diaz-Nicieza Celia , Sahyoun Laura , Michalaki Christina , Johansson Cecilia , Culley Fiona J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Ageing is associated with an increased risk of lung infection and chronic inflammatory lung disease. Innate immune responses are the first line of defence in the respiratory tract, however, age-related changes to innate immunity in the lung are not fully described. Both resident haematopoietic cells, such as alveolar macrophages, and non-haematopoeitic cells, such as epithelial and endothelial cells can contribute to inflammatory and immune responses in the lung. In this study we aimed to determine the impact of ageing on early innate responses of resident cells in the lung.

Results
Aged and young mice were inoculated intranasally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After 4 h, aged mice recruited higher numbers of neutrophils to the airways and lung. This exacerbated inflammatory response was associated with higher concentrations of chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2 and CCL2 in the airways. Next, precision cut lung slices (PCLS) were stimulated ex vivo with LPS for 16 h. Gene expression of Cxcl2, Tnf and Il1b were all higher in PCLS from aged than young mice and higher levels of secretion of CXCL2 and TNF were detected. To determine which lung cells were altered by age, LPS was intranasally administered to aged and young mice and individual populations of cells isolated by FACS. RT-PCR on sorted cell populations demonstrated higher expression of inflammatory cytokines Cxcl2, Ccl2 and Tnf in epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages and higher expression of Cxcl2 by endothelial cells of aged mice compared to young. These differences in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines did not correspond to higher levels of Tlr4 expression.

Conclusions
Ageing leads to a heightened neutrophilic inflammatory response in the lung after LPS exposure, and higher expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by resident lung cells, including alveolar macrophages, epithelial cells and endothelial cells. The responses of multiple resident lung cell populations are altered by aging and contribute to the exacerbated inflammation in the lung following LPS challenge. This has implications for our understanding of respiratory infections and inflammation in older people.
Harm reduction in severe and long-standing Anorexia Nervosa: part of the journey but not the destination—a narrative review with lived experience
Authors: Birch Edwin , Downs James , Ayton Agnes 
Published: September 2024

AbstractQuestions remain about the best approaches to treatment for the subset of patients with severe and long-standing Anorexia Nervosa, commonly described in the literature as “Severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa.” When discussing the optimal strategies and goals for treating this group, there is uncertainty over whether to focus on refining current treatment methods or exploring alternative approaches. One such alternative is “harm reduction,” which has generated a wave of positive interest from patients and clinicians alike because of its emphasis on individual autonomy, personal goals and quality of life. While harm reduction can provide an attractive alternative to seemingly endless cycles of ineffective treatment, this narrative review builds on previous work to highlight the inadequate terminology and possible dangers of considering harm reduction as the endpoint of treatment. In conjunction with perspectives from a lived experience author, we consider wider contextual and ethical issues in the field of eating disorders, which should inform the role of harm-reduction approaches in this patient group.
Vegetarians’ and vegans’ experiences with and attitudes towards ultra-processed foods (UPF): a qualitative study
Authors: Haneberg Johanne , Molin Marianne , Gjeitung Byfuglien Marte , Garnweidner-Holme Lisa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) is increasing in many countries. Simultaneously, there is a growing number of consumers that follow a vegetarian or vegan diet, many due to its possible positive impact on sustainability and food waste. However, little is known about attitudes towards and experiences with UPF among vegetarians and vegans. Thus, this study investigates vegetarians’ and vegans’ experiences with and attitudes towards UPFs.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured, individual interviews with 14 participants between September and December 2021. The participants were from different areas in Norway. The data were analysed using a thematic analysis by Braun and Clarke.

Results
In general, participants appeared to have diverse knowledge of and divergent attitudes towards UPFs. However, participants mainly associated substitute products (e.g. meat substitutes, dairy substitutes) as UPFs. They appreciated the increased availability of vegetarian and vegan UPF which made it easier for them to follow a plant-based diet. They enjoyed the taste and consistency of vegetarian and vegan UPF. However, participants expressed concerns about the effects that industrial processing has on the products’ nutritional content.

Conclusion
This study indicated that there was a diverse knowledge of and various attitudes towards UPFs among the participating vegetarians and vegans. Public information and guidelines about using UPF (e.g. meat substitutes, dairy substitutes) in vegetarian and vegan diets are needed, as well as information about their possible impact on health and sustainability.
Cryptocurrencies under climate shocks: a dynamic network analysis of extreme risk spillovers
Authors: Guo Kun , Kang Yuxin , Ji Qiang , Zhang Dayong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSystematic risks in cryptocurrency markets have recently increased and have been gaining a rising number of connections with economics and financial markets; however, in this area, climate shocks could be a new kind of impact factor. In this paper, a spillover network based on a time-varying parametric-vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model is constructed to measure overall cryptocurrency market extreme risks. Based on this, a second spillover network is proposed to assess the intensity of risk spillovers between extreme risks of cryptocurrency markets and uncertainties in climate conditions, economic policy, and global financial markets. The results show that extreme risks in cryptocurrency markets are highly sensitive to climate shocks, whereas uncertainties in the global financial market are the main transmitters. Dynamically, each spillover network is highly sensitive to emergent global extreme events, with a surge in overall risk exposure and risk spillovers between submarkets. Full consideration of overall market connectivity, including climate shocks, will provide a solid foundation for risk management in cryptocurrency markets.
Outcomes of Traditional Dual Growing Rods With Apical Control Techniques for the Treatment of Early-Onset Scoliosis: Comparison With Patients Treated With Traditional Dual Growing Rods Only With a Minimum 2-Year Follow-up After Graduation
Authors: Li Chenkai , Ye Xiaohan , Yang Yang , Lin Guanfeng , Shen Jianxiong , Zhao Yu , Wu Nan , Zhuang Qianyu , Wang Shengru , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Correction with traditional dual growing rods (TDGR) might not be sufficient for severe and rigid spinal deformity. TDGR combines with apical control techniques (ACT) could theoretically improve curve correction and decrease the incidence of mechanical complications. However, long-term results for TDGR with ACT are limited. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review and compare the outcomes of patients who graduated from TDGR with or without ACT.

METHODS:
Patients who were treated by TDGR with or without ACT with a minimum 2-year follow-up after graduation were enrolled. According to the intervention for the apex, patients were further divided into the TDGR group, the TDGR + apical control pedicle screws group (without apical fusion), and the TDGR + hybrid technique group. Clinical outcomes, radiological parameters, pulmonary function, and complications were compared among the 3 groups.

RESULTS:
A total of 76 patients (51 patients in the TDGR group, 10 patients in the apical control pedicle screws group, and 15 patients in the hybrid technique group) were enrolled. Compared with TDGR, TDGR + ACT achieved better main curve correction, better control of apical vertebral translation and rotation, and lower incidence of complications and revision surgery (P < .05) while maintaining development of the spine and chest. Although the difference was not significant, patients in the TDGR + ACT group had better pulmonary function at the last follow-up (P > .05). The percentage of patients receiving final fusion in the TDGR + ACT group was significantly lower than that in the TDGR group (P < .05).

CONCLUSION:
Compared with TDGR, TDGR + ACT can achieve better curve correction and apical control and comparable clinical outcomes while maintaining the growth of the spine and chest. Patients may derive more benefits from treatment with TDGR + ACT, including a lower incidence of mechanical complications and revision surgery, better pulmonary function, and the avoidance of final fusion.
Μέτρηση της σχετικής Τεχνικής Αποδοτικότητας των Συστημάτων Ανώτατης Εκπαίδευσης των χωρών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης: Συγκριτική Αξιολόγηση, κατά τη χρονική περίοδο 2016 – 2020
Authors: Μαργαρίτης Στυλιανός , Τσαμαδιάς Κωνσταντίνος 
Published: September 2024

Η παρούσα ερευνητική εργασία εκτιμά τη σχετική τεχνική αποδοτικότητα των συστημάτων Ανώτατης Εκπαίδευσης (ΑΕ) των χωρών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης / EE,της Ευρωζώνης / ΕΖ και άλλων επιλεγμένων ομάδων χωρών, κάνοντας χρήση 3 εισροών και 5 εκροών, με Προσανατολισμό τις Εκροές και την υπόθεση των Μεταβλητών Αποδόσεων Κλίμακας, καθώς και των μέσων ρυθμών μεταβολής της, κατά τη χρονική περίοδο 2016-2020. Τα ευρήματα της εμπειρικής ανάλυσης αποκαλύπτουν ότι η μέση επίδοση των συστημάτων ΑΕ των χωρών της ΕΕ ως προς την ΤE-ΟΟ είναι 0,892 με εύρος μεταβολής 0,479 και μέσο ρυθμό μεταβολής0,05 με εύρος μεταβολής 51,30. Η μέση τιμή της ΤΕ-ΟΟ των συστημάτων ΑΕ των χωρών της ΕΖείναι 0,899με εύρος μεταβολής 0,479και μέσο ρυθμό μεταβολής 0,07 με εύρος μεταβολής 51,30. Δηλαδή, τα συστήματα ΑΕ των χωρών της ΕΖ είχαν υψηλότερη μέση επίδοση.
Η εκπαίδευση και εργασία των γυναικών σε τομείς STEM, παράγων μεγέθυνσης της οικονομίας
Authors: Καλαντζής Γεώργιος , Πανταζής Γεώργιος , Τσιχουρίδης Χαρίλαος , Βαβουγυιός Διονύσιος 
Published: September 2024

Περίληψη
Στην εργασία μας αυτή γίνεται επισκόπηση της διεθνούς βιβλιογραφία που αναφέρεται στην Εκπαίδευση STEM. Στο πλαίσιο της αναδεικνύεται η συνεισφορά των αντικειμένων STEM στην εκπαίδευση αλλά και την οικονομία. Καταγράφονται τα πλεονεκτήματα συμμετοχής και απασχόλησης των γυναικών στα αντικείμενα αυτά στο εκπαιδευτικό ειδικότερα και το εργασιακό γενικότερα. Γίνεται επισκόπηση ερευνητικών εργασιών οι οποίες εξετάζουν το ερώτημα κατά πόσο η απασχόληση των γυναικών σε τομείς STEM συμβάλλει δυνητικά στη μεγέθυνση ή/και ανάπτυξη των οικονομιών τόσο των υπό ανάπτυξη όσο και των αναπτυγμένων χωρών. Ιδιαίτερα επί των ημερών όπου η εποχή της κοινωνίας και της οικονομίας της γνώσης εγκολπώνει το εργαλείο της τεχνικής νοημοσύνης το «τρίγωνο της γνώσης» με «κορυφές» αντίστοιχα την Εκπαίδευση, την Έρευνα και την Καινοτομία τεκμηριώνει βιβλιογραφικά και προσδιορίζει τους βασικούς παράγοντες ανταγωνιστικότητας οι οποίοι είναι πολύ πιθανόν να αποτελέσουν τα προωθητικά της μεγέθυνσης ή/και ανάπτυξης της οικονομίας. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό καθίσταται αναγκαία η εκπαίδευση και απασχόληση των γυναικών με θέματα που άπτονται των αντικειμένων του STEM.
Abstract
In this paper the international literature on STEM Education is reviewed. Within this context, the contribution of STEM subjects to education and the economy is highlighted. The advantages of women's participation and employment in these subjects in education in particular and work in general are recorded. Research papers that address the question of whether women's employment in STEM fields potentially contribute to the growth and/or development of the economies of both developing and developed countries are also reviewed. Particularly today, with society and knowledge economy embracing technical intelligence, the so-called “triangle of knowledge” with its angle ends being respectively Education, Research and Innovation is documented bibliographically and identifies the main factors of competitiveness which are very likely to promote growth and/or development of economy. To this end, it becomes necessary to train and employ women with issues related to STEM subjects.
LIBOR Discontinuation and the Cost of Bank Loans
Authors: Kim Jeong-Bon , Wang Chong , Wu Feng (Harry) 
Published: September 2024

With the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) being replaced by risk-free rate (RFR)-based alternative reference rates, the fundamental differences between the two benchmarking frameworks impose significant risks on banks. Exploiting the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA)’s announcement of the phase-out of LIBOR, we conduct a difference-in-differences analysis based on banks’ reliance on LIBOR and show that LIBOR discontinuation entails higher interest rate spread of bank loans. The result implies that banks tend to compensate for the LIBOR-to-RFR risks by passing on the transition costs to borrowers. This effect is attenuated if multiple benchmarks are already in use, for relationship lending, and among banks operating in a competitive environment. We further find that LIBOR discontinuation leads to more collateral and covenant requirements in loan terms. After the FCA announcement, banks are inclined to switch away from LIBOR dependence by referencing alternative rates. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Funding: J.-B. Kim acknowledges support from City University of Hong Kong; C. Wang acknowledges support from Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [No. 71932003]; F. (H.) Wu acknowledges support from the General Research Fund [No. 13500820] from the University Grants Committee of Hong Kong. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.03133 .
Seductive Language for Narcissists in Job Postings
Authors: Gay Jonathan , Jackson Scott B. , Seybert Nicholas 
Published: September 2024

Prior research indicates that narcissistic executives engage in earnings management and other negative organizational behaviors, and many studies ponder why firms hire such individuals, especially into corporate accounting positions. Utilizing a selection of terms from real-world job postings that we characterize as describing either a “Rule-Bender” or “Rule-Follower” candidate, we first conduct several validation studies which reveal that these terms vary predictably across types of job postings, that people generally agree with our categorization of these terms, and that Rule-Benders are viewed as possessing worse managerial skills but a higher proclivity for unethical behavior. We then demonstrate that narcissistic job seekers are more attracted to job postings that describe the ideal candidate using Rule-Bender terms for both general positions (Experiment 1) and senior accounting positions (Experiment 2). Finally, we examine firm characteristics that might lead professional recruiters to incorporate Rule-Bender language into Chief Accounting Officer job postings and find that Rule-Bender terms are preferred for higher-growth, higher-innovation firms (Experiment 3), and when more aggressive reporting would benefit the firm (Experiment 4). Our results suggest that recruiters’ language choices can attract Rule-Bending narcissists to firms, perhaps even in unintended circumstances. This paper was accepted by Ranjani Krishnan, accounting. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2024.05254 .
Effects of Internet Plus-Based Continuous Nursing on Hemodialysis Adherence in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Xuejiao , Ba Xiaohui , Li Ying , Liang Jiexian 
Published: September 2024

Aims/Background Chronic renal failure (CRF) is the eventual outcome shared by various progressive renal diseases, posing a serious threat to the physical health of patients. CRF patients are required to undergo hemodialysis (HD), which imposes heavy psychological and mental burdens for most individuals. This study explores the effects of Internet Plus-based continuous nursing on the compliance of CRF patients with HD. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 160 CRF patients undergoing HD in the Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from March 2021 to April 2023, after excluding eight cases from an originally selected cohort of 168 cases. These patients were divided into two groups: 79 cases who received the routine nursing from March 2021 to March 2022 were categorized as the routine group, whereas 81 cases who were given Internet Plus-based continuous nursing from April 2022 to April 2023 were assigned into the observation group. The treatment adherence, self-management behaviors, quality of life and incidence of HD complications were compared in both groups. Results Both groups demonstrated no significant difference in the baseline information (p > 0.05). The scores of adherence in terms of HD attendance, medications, fluid restrictions and diet recommendations in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the routine group (p < 0.001). No significant difference in the Hemodialysis Self-Management Instrument (HDSMI) scores on the day of discharge between the two groups was found (p > 0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, the observation group showed significantly higher scores of partnership, problem solving, self-management execution and emotional processing than the routine group (p < 0.001). Both groups had no significant difference in the scores of Kidney Disease-Targeted Areas (KDTA) and 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) on the day of discharge (p > 0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, the scores of KDTA and SF-36 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the routine group (p < 0.001). The incidence of HD complications in the observation group (7.41%) was significantly lower than that in the routine group (21.52%) (p < 0.05). Conclusion Internet Plus-based continuous nursing can effectively improve treatment adherence, self-management behaviors as well as quality of life in patients, and reduce the incidence of HD complications.