bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mammillary body volume abnormalities in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Khalsa Sahib S. , Kumar Rajesh , Patel Vandan , Strober Michael , Feusner Jamie D. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveSeveral case reports of Wernicke's Encephalopathy in anorexia nervosa (AN) caused by thiamine deficiency have described mammillary body (MB) injury, but systematic studies are lacking. Here we evaluated whether underweight and weight‐restored individuals with AN demonstrate evidence of abnormal MB morphology, via retrospective examination of a previously collected data set.MethodUsing standard‐resolution T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla, we measured MB volume and fornix area in a cross‐sectional study of 12 underweight AN, 20 weight‐restored AN, and 30 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy comparisons. Because of the small size of these structures, a manual tracing approach was necessary to obtain accurate measurements. A blinded expert rater manually traced MB and fornix structures in each participant.ResultsWe observed significantly smaller MB volumes in the underweight AN group. However, the weight‐restored AN group exhibited significantly larger MB volumes. The right fornix was smaller in the weight‐restored AN group only.DiscussionThese findings suggest the possibility that MB volume and fornix area could represent potential biomarkers of acute weight loss and restoration, respectively. Verification of this finding through prospective studies evaluating MB morphology, cognition, and thiamine levels longitudinally across individual illness trajectories might be warranted. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:920–929)
Particles Counting in Intracellular Images by Partial Least Squares Regression and HLAC Feature between Multiple Features
Authors: KUMAGAI SHOHEI , HOTTA KAZUHIRO 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYIn the field of cell biology, particle counting in intracellular images is important for investigating the cause of diseases. However, particles are manually counted by human observers now. Such manually counting takes a lot of time, and counting result becomes subjective. If an automatic counting method by computer is realized, we can treat a large number of images and it can obtain many objective data. The development of an automatic counting method much contributes to understand the case of disease. However, particle counting in intracellular images by a computer is new research field, and conventional methods are little. Thus, we propose counting method based on regression analysis. We use partial least squares regression and auto‐correlation between two different types of features using mask patterns for higher‐order local autocorrelation feature. The proposed method gives higher accuracy than counting by principal component regression, support vector regression and ImageJ. In experiment, the proposed method can count with small error in comparison with human counting. The effectiveness of our method is shown by experiments.
Active Noise Control with Speech Enhancement Using Inverse Notch Filter
Authors: NAKATANI KAZUKI , FUJIMOTO TAIHEI , KAWAMURA ARATA , IIGUNI YOUJI 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThis paper proposes an active noise control (ANC) system based on speech enhancement using inverse notch filter (INF). Conventional ANC systems remove an observed signal, even if it includes a desired speech signal. To extract the desired speech signal, we introduce a speech reduction method as pre‐processing of the ANC system. In this case, the ANC produces only the noise replica, since the input signal to the ANC does not include the speech signal. We inversely use a speech enhancement technique to achieve speech reduction. One of the useful speech enhancement techniques is a spectral gain method. Inherently, the spectral gain method based on the FFT provides a delay depending on the analysis frame length. Since the ANC system can work well under a low processing delay, we replace the FFT with the INF which is a narrow band‐pass filter for reducing processing delay. Simulation results show that the proposed ANC system with INF is effective to extract the speech signal included in the observed signal.
Bandwidth Control Using Adaptive Packet Policer Management for Packet Transport Network Based on Service Layer Request
Authors: SAKAMOTO KENICHI , HOSHIHARA HAYATO , KUBO HIROYUKI , TAKAHASHI TATSURO 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYAs the mobile service, the cloud service, and machine‐to‐machine service are becoming more and more popular, network traffic increases drastically and the requirements for network services are diversifying. In this paper, we propose the transport network architecture using packet transport technology, which attains the integration of expanding traffic fairly and effectively. We propose the implementation of network traffic control functionalities, which can attain the variety of requirements for traffic control from many kinds of network services.
Stepped Multiple‐Frequency Complementary Phase Code Radar and the Fundamental Experiment
Authors: WATANABE MASATO , AKITA MANABU , INABA TAKAYUKI 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYIn the recent years, short‐range radar such as automotive radar has been attracting attention. In the radar, transmission method and signal processing achieve a high range resolution, and long range detection performance is required. In this paper, we propose the stepped multiple‐frequency CPC radar that is expected to achieve a high range resolution and long range detection performance. In the proposed method, the transmission sequence and the phase correction process are expected to suppress the intersymbol interference and reduce the effects of Doppler frequency. A simulation result on the side‐lobe level of CPC pulse compression is shown to verify the effectiveness of the method on the effect of Doppler shift. The other simulation result is shown to verify the improvement of S/N ratio by the signal processing. The results of the experiments also indicated that the radar could achieve high range resolution with narrowband receiver.
Autonomous Mobile Robot Selecting Optimum Path with Safe Speed Control in Consideration of Blind Area of Vision Sensors
Authors: KUROSAKA TSUBASA , KANEKO MASAHIDE 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a speed control method to move an autonomous mobile robot safely under the environment where blind areas exist. Sensors like a laser range finder or an optical camera cannot detect the areas in the backside of walls, pillars, or objects. When a person suddenly appears from these blind areas, the mobile robot is very likely to collide with him/her, if its speed reduction performance is limited. In this paper the safety speed of robot is carefully controlled using the distance information between the robot and the blind areas as well as obstacles. Meanwhile, the optimum path is generated to minimize the cost of moving time, considering the lengthened time cost caused by speed control process. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by both the computer simulation and the experiment using a real robot.
The influence of floods and herbivory on cottonwood establishment and growth in Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Rose Joshua R. , Cooper David J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHerbivory by ungulates can shape the structure and function of riparian forests. However, our understanding of the interactions between herbivores and cottonwoods (Populus spp.) is largely derived from studies of domestic livestock grazing and may not reflect free ranging herds of wild ungulates. In this study, we quantified the influence of stream hydrologic regime and herbivory by wild ungulates on cottonwood establishment and growth along three rivers in Yellowstone National Park's northern range.Approximately 1.36 of the existing 1.37 million cottonwoods representing approximately 66% of the cottonwood stand area in Yellowstone's northern range was established between 1995 and 2008 by the largest flood sequence in recorded history. Coincidentally, the flood sequence began in the years immediately following wolf (Canis lupus) reintroduction to Yellowstone National Park. The flows caused large‐scale channel changes and provided suitable habitat for cottonwood seedling establishment and survival. Over 92% of the cottonwoods occurred along the Lamar River, and recruitment along this river appears to follow infrequent large peak flows. Soda Butte Creek and the Gardner River cottonwoods exhibited nearly annual recruitment. The resulting cottonwood biomass from the flooding events has exceeded herbivore demand. Even at relatively low consumption rates, bison are able to remove a significant proportion of total cottonwood production in the study areas limiting plant height and forage available to wintering elk. We conclude that the large cottonwood recruitment event that began in the late 1990s was due to a rare series of large snowmelt‐driven floods.
Group bargaining based bitcoin mining scheme using incentive payment process
Authors: Kim Sungwook 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBitcoin is a digital cryptocurrency that has generated considerable public interests through a fully decentralised network with an inherently independence from governments or any central authorities. Although its short history has been volatile, the Bitcoin maintains a core group of committed users. In this study, we look at the Bitcoin complex structure and design a new Bitcoin mining protocol while developing a novel incentive payment process. To effectively implement an incentive payment mechanism, we adopt the concept of the group bargaining solution by considering a peer‐to‐peer relationship, and it is practically applied to a distributed computation network system. Based on the cooperative game model, we explore an efficient solution that can maximise Bitcoin users' rewards. Through system level simulations, the proposed scheme is evaluated and compared with other existing schemes. The simulation results show that our group bargaining game approach outperforms the existing Bitcoin schemes in providing a better fair‐efficient system performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multifractal Analysis of Stack Voltage Based on Wavelet Leaders: A New Tool for PEMFC Diagnosis
Authors: Benouioua D. , Candusso D. , Harel F. , Oukhellou L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTo achieve a fast and low cost diagnostic, we propose a new tool based on wavelet leaders in which the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) diagnosis is made by the observation of the one and only stack voltage. The steps of our strategy are the following ones: (i) the PEMFC is operated under a variety of conditions (nominal or severe) using a characterization test bench developed in lab. The severe operating conditions refer either to single fault types or to different combinations of faults; (ii) the recorded stack voltages are analyzed using a wavelet leader based multifractal analysis (WLMA) in order to identify their singularity spectra as fault signatures. This novel method based on leader discrete wavelet coefficients for the estimation of the singularity spectrum is a well‐suited technique for non‐stationary and non‐linear signals; (iii) a feature selection method is used to select the most relevant singularity features and to remove the redundant ones; (iv) the selected singularity features are classified using Support Vector Machine and K‐Nearest Neighbors techniques according to the considered operating situations (faults and combinations of faults).Our results show that the proposed PEMFC diagnosis tool allows identifying simple operating failure cases and even more complicated situations that contain several failure types.
Glucose modulates food‐related salience coding of midbrain neurons in humans
Authors: Ulrich Martin , Endres Felix , Kölle Markus , Adolph Oliver , Widenhorn‐Müller Katharina , Grön Georg 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlthough early rat studies demonstrated that administration of glucose diminishes dopaminergic midbrain activity, evidence in humans has been lacking so far. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, glucose was intravenously infused in healthy human male participants while seeing images depicting low‐caloric food (LC), high‐caloric food (HC), and non‐food (NF) during a food/NF discrimination task. Analysis of brain activation focused on the ventral tegmental area (VTA) as the origin of the mesolimbic system involved in salience coding. Under unmodulated fasting baseline conditions, VTA activation was greater during HC compared with LC food cues. Subsequent to infusion of glucose, this difference in VTA activation as a function of caloric load leveled off and even reversed. In a control group not receiving glucose, VTA activation during HC relative to LC cues remained stable throughout the course of the experiment. Similar treatment‐specific patterns of brain activation were observed for the hypothalamus. The present findings show for the first time in humans that glucose infusion modulates salience coding mediated by the VTA. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4376–4384, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optogenetic study of networks in epilepsy
Authors: Choy ManKin , Duffy Ben A. , Lee Jin Hyung 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCurrently, approximately 30% of patients with epilepsy do not have adequate seizure control. A greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which seizures start or propagate could lead to new therapeutic strategies. The recent development of optogenetics, because of its unprecedented precision for controlling activity within distinct neuronal populations, has revolutionized neuroscience, including epilepsy research. This Review discusses recent breakthroughs made with optogenetics in epilepsy research. These breakthroughs include new insights into the key roles that different cell types play in mediating seizures as well as in the development of epilepsy. Subsequently, we discuss how targeting different brain regions and cell populations has opened up the possibility of highly specific therapies that can stop seizures on demand. Finally, we illustrate how combining newly available neuroscience tools with whole‐brain imaging techniques will allow researchers to understand better the spread of seizures on a network level. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Neuroscience Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extending Time Profile of Morphine‐Induced Analgesia Using a Chitosan‐Based Molecular Imprinted Polymer Nanogel
Authors: Hassanzadeh Marjan , Ghaemy Mousa , Ahmadi Shamseddin 
Published: July 2016

Chitosan‐based molecular imprinted polymer (CS‐MIP) nanogel is prepared in the presence of morphine template, fully characterized and used as a new vehicle to extend duration of morphine analgesic effect in Naval Medical Research Institute mice. The CS‐MIP nanogel with ≈25 nm size range exhibits 98% loading efficiency, and in vitro release studies show an initial burst followed by an extended slow release of morphine. In order to study the feasibility of CS‐MIP nanogel as morphine carrier, 20 mice are divided into two groups randomly and received subcutaneous injection of morphine‐loaded CS‐MIP and morphine (10 mg kg−1) dissolved in physiologic saline. Those received injection of morphine‐loaded CS‐MIP show slower and long lasting release of morphine with 193 min effective time of 50% (ET50) analgesia compared to 120 min ET50 in mice received morphine dissolved in physiologic saline. These results suggest that CS‐MIP nanogel can be a possible strategy as morphine carrier for controlled release and extension of its analgesic efficacy.image
Rehabilitative intervention during and after pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: An analysis of the existing literature
Authors: Rossi Francesca , Coppo Monica , Zucchetti Giulia , Bazzano Daniela , Ricci Federica , Vassallo Elena , Nesi Francesca , Fagioli Franca 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a therapeutic strategy for several oncohematological diseases. It increases survival rates but leads to a high incidence of related effects. The objective of this paper was to
examine the existing literature on physical exercise interventions among pediatric HSCT recipients to explore the most often utilized rehabilitative assessment and treatment tools. Studies published from 2002 to April 1, 2015 were selected: 10 studies were included. A previous literary review has shown that rehabilitation programs have a positive impact on quality of life. Our analysis identified some significant outcome variables and shared intervention areas.
Ethnicity and the prostate cancer experience: a qualitative metasynthesis
Authors: Rivas Carol , Matheson Lauren , Nayoan Johana , Glaser Adam , Gavin Anna , Wright Penny , Wagland Richard , Watson Eila 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo summarize black and minority ethnic (BME) patients' and partners experiences of prostate cancer by examining the findings of existing qualitative studies.MethodsWe undertook a systematic metasynthesis of qualitative studies using a modified version of Noblit and Hare's “meta‐ethnography” approach, with a 2000‐2015 search of 7 databases.ResultsThirteen studies of men from US and UK BME groups were included. We explored constructs with BME‐specific features. Health care provider relationships, formation of a spiritual alliance with God (which enhanced the participants' feeling of empowerment and ability to cope with the cancer), and living on for others (generally to increase cancer awareness), often connected to spiritual regrowth, were the 3 constructs most commonly reported. A magnified effect from erectile dysfunction was also common. Initially, this affected men's disclosure to others about their cancer and their sexual problems, but eventually men responded by shifting their conceptualizations of masculinity to sustain self and social identities. There was also evidence of inequality resulting from financial constraints and adversity that necessitated resilience in coping.ConclusionsThe prostate cancer experience of BME men and their partners is affected by a complex intersection of ethnicity with other factors. Health care services should acknowledge this. If providers recognize the men's felt masculinities, social identities, and spiritual beliefs and their shifting nature, services could be improved, with community as well as individual benefits. More studies are needed in diverse ethnic groups.
Amino acid function relates to its embedded protein microenvironment: A study on disulfide‐bridged cystine
Authors: Bhatnagar Akshay , Apostol Marcin I. , Bandyopadhyay Debashree 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIn our previous study, we have shown that the microenvironments around conserved amino acids are also conserved in protein families (Bandyopadhyay and Mehler, Proteins 2008; 72:646–659). In this study, we have hypothesized that amino acids perform similar functions when embedded in a certain type of protein microenvironment. We have tested this hypothesis on the microenvironments around disulfide‐bridged cysteines from high‐resolution protein crystal structures. Although such cystines mainly play structural role in proteins, in certain enzymes they participate in catalysis and redox reactions. We have performed and report a functional annotation of enzymatically active cystines to their respective microenvironments. Three protein microenvironment clusters were identified: (i) buried‐hydrophobic, (ii) exposed‐hydrophilic, and (iii) buried‐hydrophilic. The buried‐hydrophobic cluster encompasses a small group of 22 redox‐active cystines, mostly in alpha‐helical conformations in a –C‐x‐x‐C‐ motif from the Oxido‐reductase enzyme class. All these cystines have high strain energy and near identical microenvironments. Most of the active cystines in hydrolase enzyme class belong to buried hydrophilic microenvironment cluster. In total there are 34 half‐cystines detected in buried hydrophilic cluster from hydrolases, as a part of enzyme active site. Even within the buried hydrophilic cluster, there is clear separation of active half‐cystines between surface exposed part of the protein and protein interior. Half‐cystines toward the surface exposed region are higher in number compared to those in protein interior. Apart from cystines at the active sites of the enzymes, many more half‐cystines were detected in buried hydrophilic cluster those are part of the microenvironment of enzyme active sites. However, no active half‐cystines were detected in extremely hydrophilic microenvironment cluster, that is, exposed hydrophilic cluster, indicating that total exposure of cystine toward the solvent is not favored for enzymatic reactions. Although half‐cystines in exposed‐hydrophilic clusters occasionally stabilize enzyme active sites, as a part of their microenvironments. Analysis performed in this work revealed that cystines as a part of active sites in specific enzyme families or folds share very similar protein microenvironment regions, despite of their dissimilarity in protein sequences and position specific sequence conservations. Proteins 2016; 84:1576–1589. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of plant resistance and BioAct WG (Purpureocillium lilacinum strain 251) on Meloidogyne incognita in a tomato–cucumber rotation in a greenhouse
Authors: Giné Ariadna , Sorribas Francisco J 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effectiveness of combining resistant tomato with BioAct WG (Purpureocillium lilacinum strain 251, Pl251) against Meloidogyne incognita was assessed in a tomato‐cucumber rotation in a greenhouse over 2 years. Additionally, the enzymatic activity of the fungus, the percentage of fungal egg and juvenile parasitism, cardinal temperatures and the effect of water potential on mycelial growth and the soil receptivity to Pl251 were determined in vitro.RESULTSPlant resistance was the only factor that suppressed nematode and crop yield losses. Percentage of egg parasitism in plots treated with BioAct WG was less than 2.6%. However, under in vitro conditions, Pl251 showed protease, lipase and chitinase activities and parasitised 94.5% of eggs, but no juveniles. Cardinal temperatures were 14.2, 24–26 and 35.4 °C. The maximum Pl251 mycelial growth was at −0.25 MPa and 25 °C. Soil temperatures and water potential in the greenhouse were in the range of the fungus. However, soil receptivity was lower in greenhouse soil, irrespective of sterilisation, than in sterilised sand.CONCLUSIONPlant resistance was the only factor able to suppress nematode densities, disease severity and yield losses, and to protect the following cucumber crop. Environmental factors involved in soil receptivity could have negatively affected fungus effectiveness. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry