bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Flexible House: The Housing Backlog and the Persistence of Lodging, 1891–1951
Authors: Harris Richard 
Published: February 2016

Lodging was once common. In 1900 about one-quarter of U.S. households contained a lodger or lodging family. Almost as many more took one in at some point in the life of the household. Since then, rising incomes have enabled more people to maintain their own household. Today, lodging is quite rare and is confined largely to the poor.A good deal has been written about lodging, mostly by social historians concerned with its implications for daily life. We have been told that lodiging was part of the immigrant experience, that it helped even out household income over the life cycle, that it augmented the clout of women within the household, and that in larger cities it supported a subculture among single men and women (Modell and Hareven 1973).
On Class, the Logic of Solidarity, and the Civilizing Process: Workers, Priests, and Alcohol in Dutch Shoemaking Communities, 1900–1920
Authors: Kalb Don 
Published: February 2016

There is an economic logic and a moral logic and it is futile to argue as to which we give priority since they are different expressions of the same “kernel” of human relationship.—E. P. Thompson, 1961Class is certainly a key concept of social history just as civilization is for the figurational sociology of Norbert Elias and his followers. Each of these traditions needs to come to terms with the other. Notwithstanding fundamentally divergent assumptions, interests, and styles, both traditions would gain from a closer examination of each other's concepts, subjects, and methods.
Wifely Duties
Authors: Zeigler Sara L. 
Published: February 2016

Although many Americans casually refer to the “institution” of marriage, most rarely consider the implications of that terminology. One enters into marriage by participating in fairly well-defined rites, and couples are warned of the solemnity of the undertaking. But seldom do the parties enter into marriage with a thorough understanding of what it means to subject oneself to governance by thelawof marriage.The law is widely recognized as an institution that may profoundly affect the choices and lives of individuals. It is designed to affect individual behavior, encouraging “appropriate” actions by penalizing those that are seen as problematic for society. Its rules allow for the balancing of competing rights, and the courts provide a remedy when the rules are broken. Marriage law provides ground rules to govern the specific relationship characterized by a lifetime sexual and economic partnership between a man and a woman and endorses that relationship by giving it legal force.
Resuscitating Class
Authors: O. Rose Sonya 
Published: February 2016

A sense of crisis and uncertainty seems pervasive among many social historians and historical sociologists who have studied the relationship between economic disadvantage and protest politics. Within the last five or so years, edited volumes and special issues of journals have encouraged scholars to “bring class back in,” to explore what some worry is the “end of labor history,” or to “rethink working-class history” in the wake of postmodernism, the turn to discursive and cultural analysis, and the growing number of scholars whose substantive interests involve issues of race and gender.Even those who celebrate the rich diversity of subject matters explored by contemporary labor and working-class historians are worried about scholars jumping ship because “engaged history, in possession at least of the conceit of making a difference, has moved elsewhere, to other subject areas,” to quote Ira Katznelson (1994: 7). I myself have chosen to take a “leave of absence” from studying the mutual constitution of gender and class.
The Agenda for “Social Science History”
Authors: Kousser J. Morgan 
Published: February 2016

I want to take as my texts today statements made to me in correspondence and conversation by two senior quantitative historians. Each statement illustrates what I believe to be misjudgments about the proper methodological priorities for quantitative historians in America today. To spare these historians from publicity which their casual statements were not intended to invite, but mostly to protect myself against reprisal, I shall not name them here.The first statement arose because I assigned a particular book in my American Political History course. Some of my colleagues, students, and I were critical of the methodology employed in the book, and a student suggested we might reanalyze the data, employing different techniques. The data set, however, was rather obscure and was apparently not available at any major archive. When I wrote to the author, rather brashly asking for a copy of his computer tapes, I was informed that he had “lost interest” in the project after the first year or so and discarded most of the tapes and IBM cards.
Exploratory Analysis of Aggregate Voting Behavior: Presidential Elections in New Hampshire, 1896–1972
Authors: McCarthy John L. , Tukey John W. 
Published: February 2016

This paper presents a new statistical method that is well-suited to building and testing theories of change. An exploratory, robust two-way analysis of New Hampshire’s county-level presidential election returns for the past eighty years illustrates how this general technique can help to clarify theoretical concepts as well as to reveal systematic regularities in empirical data.Because two-way analysis involves a number of novel techniques, this paper is primarily a methodological exposition. It devotes much more attention to step-by-step details of how the analysis was carried out, and the accompanying exhibits contain much more detailed information than normally would be the case for reporting results of such research.In contrast to classical methods, the techniques presented in this paper are intended primarily for exploration of data rather than for statistical inference. They require very few assumptions about the data, and they are not unduly influenced by extreme or missing values. Graphic and semi-graphic devices keep the analyst close to the data and make it possible to display many numbers simultaneously in contrast to simple single-number summaries which can conceal information. Removing obvious regularities in the data facilitates discovery of other underlying patterns.
The Language of A Cold Warrior: A Content Analysis of Harry Truman’s Public Statements
Authors: Sorenson Dale 
Published: February 2016

Americans struggled with paranoia in the early 1950s. Many believed the most extravagant charges about the presence of Communists in the United States. Others had no firm convictions about the threat of Communism but tolerated an unrestricted search for disloyal citizens. To a later generation, there seems to have been little connection between the degree of danger and the public’s alarm.A recent attempt to explain this national paranoia holds the Truman administration responsible for creating an unreasoning anti-Communist mentality. According to Athan Theoharis and Richard Freeland, members of the Truman administration exaggerated the dangers of international and domestic Communism. The public heard that the United States was “imminently threatened by a massive ideologically based assault upon everything Americans valued.” The administration’s excessively moralistic rhetoric portrayed the Soviet Union as the “Anti-Christ.” This strident anti-Communism created a public mood that Joseph McCarthy and others exploited for their political advantage. Thus, one of McCarthy’s major victims—the Truman administration—created the preconditions for McCarthyism.
Challenging Official Propaganda? Public Opinion Leaders on Sina Weibo
Authors: Nip Joyce Y. M. , Fu King-wa 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article examines the prominence of various user categories as opinion leaders, defined as initiators, agenda setters or disseminators, in 29 corruption cases exposed on Sina Weibo. It finds that ordinary citizens made up the largest category of initiators but that their power of opinion leadership was limited as they had to rely on media organizations to spread news about the cases. News organizations and online media were the main opinion leaders. Government and Party bodies initiated a fair number of cases and, despite not being strong agenda setters or disseminators, were able to dominate public opinion owing to the fact that news organizations and online media mainly published official announcements about the cases. Media organizations also played a secondary role as the voice of the people. While individuals from some other user categories were able to become prominent opinion leaders, news workers are likely to be the most promising user category to challenge official propaganda.
A novel dietary improvement strategy: examining the potential impact of community-supported agriculture membership
Authors: Vasquez Angie , Sherwood Nancy E , Larson Nicole , Story Mary 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the use of community-supported agriculture (CSA) as an employer-based health promotion intervention.DesignQuasi-experimental study using a convenience sample of employees at three employers.SettingParticipants and controls from three Minnesota employers completed baseline and follow-up health assessments and surveys about their experiences with CSA.SubjectsA total of 324 participants purchased a CSA share and were eligible for study inclusion. Study participants were matched by age, sex, employer and occupation to a non-randomized control group of individuals who did not purchase a CSA share but completed health assessments during the same time frame as the study participants.ResultsThe majority of participants were female, white, middle-aged and highly educated. The most common reason for purchasing a CSA share was a desire for fresh food, and the majority of participants were satisfied with their experience. Participants reported a significant increase in the number of vegetables present in the household and the frequency of family meals. The frequency of eating out decreased significantly, especially at fast-food restaurants. Participants also reported an increase in the amount and variety of produce consumed. However, health assessment data did not show significant changes in dietary intake, health status or BMI.ConclusionsCSA participation was associated with improvement in some aspects of the household environment and dietary behaviours. Further research is needed to determine whether employer-based CSA interventions may also lead to improvements in dietary intake and health.
Public health nutrition capacity: assuring the quality of workforce preparation for scaling up nutrition programmes
Authors: Shrimpton Roger , du Plessis Lisanne M , Delisle Hélène , Blaney Sonia , Atwood Stephen J , Sanders David , Margetts Barrie , Hughes Roger 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe why and how capacity-building systems for scaling up nutrition programmes should be constructed in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).DesignPosition paper with task force recommendations based on literature review and joint experience of global nutrition programmes, public health nutrition (PHN) workforce size, organization, and pre-service and in-service training.SettingThe review is global but the recommendations are made for LMIC scaling up multisectoral nutrition programmes.SubjectsThe multitude of PHN workers, be they in the health, agriculture, education, social welfare, or water and sanitation sector, as well as the community workers who ensure outreach and coverage of nutrition-specific and -sensitive interventions.ResultsOvernutrition and undernutrition problems affect at least half of the global population, especially those in LMIC. Programme guidance exists for undernutrition and overnutrition, and priority for scaling up multisectoral programmes for tackling undernutrition in LMIC is growing. Guidance on how to organize and scale up such programmes is scarce however, and estimates of existing PHN workforce numbers – although poor – suggest they are also inadequate. Pre-service nutrition training for a PHN workforce is mostly clinical and/or food science oriented and in-service nutrition training is largely restricted to infant and young child nutrition.ConclusionsUnless increased priority and funding is given to building capacity for scaling up nutrition programmes in LMIC, maternal and child undernutrition rates are likely to remain high and nutrition-related non-communicable diseases to escalate. A hybrid distance learning model for PHN workforce managers’ in-service training is urgently needed in LMIC.
Mapping gene regulatory circuitry of Pax6 during neurogenesis
Authors: Thakurela Sudhir , Tiwari Neha , Schick Sandra , Garding Angela , Ivanek Robert , Berninger Benedikt , Tiwari Vijay K 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPax6 is a highly conserved transcription factor among vertebrates and is important in various aspects of the central nervous system development. However, the gene regulatory circuitry of Pax6 underlying these functions remains elusive. We find that Pax6 targets a large number of promoters in neural progenitors cells. Intriguingly, many of these sites are also bound by another progenitor factor, Sox2, which cooperates with Pax6 in gene regulation. A combinatorial analysis of Pax6-binding data set with transcriptome changes in Pax6-deficient neural progenitors reveals a dual role for Pax6, in which it activates the neuronal (ectodermal) genes while concurrently represses the mesodermal and endodermal genes, thereby ensuring the unidirectionality of lineage commitment towards neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, Pax6 is critical for inducing activity of transcription factors that elicit neurogenesis and repress others that promote non-neuronal lineages. In addition to many established downstream effectors, Pax6 directly binds and activates a number of genes that are specifically expressed in neural progenitors but have not been previously implicated in neurogenesis. The in utero knockdown of one such gene, Ift74, during brain development impairs polarity and migration of newborn neurons. These findings demonstrate new aspects of the gene regulatory circuitry of Pax6, revealing how it functions to control neuronal development at multiple levels to ensure unidirectionality and proper execution of the neurogenic program.
High-resolution phylogenetic microbial community profiling
Authors: Singer Esther , Bushnell Brian , Coleman-Derr Devin , Bowman Brett , Bowers Robert M , Levy Asaf , Gies Esther A , Cheng Jan-Fang , Copeland Alex , Klenk Hans-Peter , Hallam Steven J , Hugenholtz Philip , Tringe Susannah G , Woyke Tanja 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Over the past decade, high-throughput short-read 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing has eclipsed clone-dependent long-read Sanger sequencing for microbial community profiling. The transition to new technologies has provided more quantitative information at the expense of taxonomic resolution with implications for inferring metabolic traits in various ecosystems. We applied single-molecule real-time sequencing for microbial community profiling, generating full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences at high throughput, which we propose to name PhyloTags. We benchmarked and validated this approach using a defined microbial community. When further applied to samples from the water column of meromictic Sakinaw Lake, we show that while community structures at the phylum level are comparable between PhyloTags and Illumina V4 16S rRNA gene sequences (iTags), variance increases with community complexity at greater water depths. PhyloTags moreover allowed less ambiguous classification. Last, a platform-independent comparison of PhyloTags and in silico generated partial 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated significant differences in community structure and phylogenetic resolution across multiple taxonomic levels, including a severe underestimation in the abundance of specific microbial genera involved in nitrogen and methane cycling across the Lake’s water column. Thus, PhyloTags provide a reliable adjunct or alternative to cost-effective iTags, enabling more accurate phylogenetic resolution of microbial communities and predictions on their metabolic potential.
Multi-omics analysis of niche specificity provides new insights into ecological adaptation in bacteria
Authors: Zhu Bo , Ibrahim Muhammad , Cui Zhouqi , Xie Guanlin , Jin Gulei , Kube Michael , Li Bin , Zhou Xueping 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Different lifestyles, ranging from a saprophyte to a pathogen, have been reported in bacteria of one species. Here, we performed genome-wide survey of the ecological adaptation in four Burkholderia seminalis strains, distinguished by their origin as part of the saprophytic microbial community of soil or water but also including human and plant pathogens. The results indicated that each strain is separated from the others by increased fitness in medium simulating its original niche corresponding to the difference between strains in metabolic capacities. Furthermore, strain-specific metabolism and niche survival was generally linked with genomic variants and niche-dependent differential expression of the corresponding genes. In particular, the importance of iron, trehalose and d-arabitol utilization was highlighted by the involvement of DNA-methylation and horizontal gene transfer in niche-adapted regulation of the corresponding operons based on the integrated analysis of our multi-omics data. Overall, our results provided insights of niche-specific adaptation in bacteria.
Self-renewal of CD133hi cells by IL6/Notch3 signalling regulates endocrine resistance in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Sansone Pasquale , Ceccarelli Claudio , Berishaj Marjan , Chang Qing , Rajasekhar Vinagolu K. , Perna Fabiana , Bowman Robert L. , Vidone Michele , Daly Laura , Nnoli Jennifer , Santini Donatella , Taffurelli Mario , Shih Natalie N. C. , Feldman Michael , Mao Jun J. , Colameco Christopher , Chen Jinbo , DeMichele Angela , Fabbri Nicola , Healey John H. , Cricca Monica , Gasparre Giuseppe , Lyden David , Bonafé Massimiliano , Bromberg Jacqueline 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe mechanisms of metastatic progression from hormonal therapy (HT) are largely unknown in luminal breast cancer. Here we demonstrate the enrichment of CD133hi/ERlo cancer cells in clinical specimens following neoadjuvant endocrine therapy and in HT refractory metastatic disease. We develop experimental models of metastatic luminal breast cancer and demonstrate that HT can promote the generation of HT-resistant, self-renewing CD133hi/ERlo/IL6hi cancer stem cells (CSCs). HT initially abrogates oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) generating self-renewal-deficient cancer cells, CD133hi/ERlo/OXPHOSlo. These cells exit metabolic dormancy via an IL6-driven feed-forward ERlo-IL6hi-Notchhi loop, activating OXPHOS, in the absence of ER activity. The inhibition of IL6R/IL6-Notch pathways switches the self-renewal of CD133hi CSCs, from an IL6/Notch-dependent one to an ER-dependent one, through the re-expression of ER. Thus, HT induces an OXPHOS metabolic editing of luminal breast cancers, paradoxically establishing HT-driven self-renewal of dormant CD133hi/ERlo cells mediating metastatic progression, which is sensitive to dual targeted therapy.
Genomic insights into the Ixodes scapularis tick vector of Lyme disease
Authors: Gulia-Nuss Monika , Nuss Andrew B. , Meyer Jason M. , Sonenshine Daniel E. , Roe R. Michael , Waterhouse Robert M. , Sattelle David B. , de la Fuente José , Ribeiro Jose M. , Megy Karine , Thimmapuram Jyothi , Miller Jason R. , Walenz Brian P. , Koren Sergey , Hostetler Jessica B. , Thiagarajan Mathangi , Joardar Vinita S. , Hannick Linda I. , Bidwell Shelby , Hammond Martin P. , Young Sarah , Zeng Qiandong , Abrudan Jenica L. , Almeida Francisca C. , Ayllón Nieves , Bhide Ketaki , Bissinger Brooke W. , Bonzon-Kulichenko Elena , Buckingham Steven D. , Caffrey Daniel R. , Caimano Melissa J. , Croset Vincent , Driscoll Timothy , Gilbert Don , Gillespie Joseph J. , Giraldo-Calderón Gloria I. , Grabowski Jeffrey M. , Jiang David , Khalil Sayed M. S. , Kim Donghun , Kocan Katherine M. , Koči Juraj , Kuhn Richard J. , Kurtti Timothy J. , Lees Kristin , Lang Emma G. , Kennedy Ryan C. , Kwon Hyeogsun , Perera Rushika , Qi Yumin , Radolf Justin D. , Sakamoto Joyce M. , Sánchez-Gracia Alejandro , Severo Maiara S. , Silverman Neal , Šimo Ladislav , Tojo Marta , Tornador Cristian , Van Zee Janice P. , Vázquez Jesús , Vieira Filipe G. , Villar Margarita , Wespiser Adam R. , Yang Yunlong , Zhu Jiwei , Arensburger Peter , Pietrantonio Patricia V. , Barker Stephen C. , Shao Renfu , Zdobnov Evgeny M. , Hauser Frank , Grimmelikhuijzen Cornelis J. P. , Park Yoonseong , Rozas Julio , Benton Richard , Pedra Joao H. F. , Nelson David R. , Unger Maria F. , Tubio Jose M. C. , Tu Zhijian , Robertson Hugh M. , Shumway Martin , Sutton Granger , Wortman Jennifer R. , Lawson Daniel , Wikel Stephen K. , Nene Vishvanath M. , Fraser Claire M. , Collins Frank H. , Birren Bruce , Nelson Karen E. , Caler Elisabet , Hill Catherine A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTicks transmit more pathogens to humans and animals than any other arthropod. We describe the 2.1 Gbp nuclear genome of the tick, Ixodes scapularis (Say), which vectors pathogens that cause Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis and other diseases. The large genome reflects accumulation of repetitive DNA, new lineages of retro-transposons, and gene architecture patterns resembling ancient metazoans rather than pancrustaceans. Annotation of scaffolds representing ∼57% of the genome, reveals 20,486 protein-coding genes and expansions of gene families associated with tick–host interactions. We report insights from genome analyses into parasitic processes unique to ticks, including host ‘questing’, prolonged feeding, cuticle synthesis, blood meal concentration, novel methods of haemoglobin digestion, haem detoxification, vitellogenesis and prolonged off-host survival. We identify proteins associated with the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, an emerging disease, and the encephalitis-causing Langat virus, and a population structure correlated to life-history traits and transmission of the Lyme disease agent.
Transition to a Moist Greenhouse with CO2 and solar forcing
Authors: Popp Max , Schmidt Hauke , Marotzke Jochem 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWater-rich planets such as Earth are expected to become eventually uninhabitable, because liquid water turns unstable at the surface as temperatures increase with solar luminosity. Whether a large increase of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases such as CO2 could also destroy the habitability of water-rich planets has remained unclear. Here we show with three-dimensional aqua-planet simulations that CO2-induced forcing as readily destabilizes the climate as does solar forcing. The climate instability is caused by a positive cloud feedback and leads to a new steady state with global-mean sea-surface temperatures above 330 K. The upper atmosphere is considerably moister in this warm state than in the reference climate, implying that the planet would be subject to substantial loss of water to space. For some elevated CO2 or solar forcings, we find both cold and warm equilibrium states, implying that the climate transition cannot be reversed by removing the additional forcing.