bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical Characterization of Erythritol Tetranitrate, an Improvised Explosive
Authors: Matyáš Robert , Lyčka Antonín , Jirásko Robert , Jakový Zdeněk , Maixner Jaroslav , Mišková Linda , Künzel Martin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractErythritol tetranitrate (ETN), an ester of nitric acid and erythritol, is a solid crystalline explosive with high explosive performance. Although it has never been used in any industrial or military application, it has become one of the most prepared and misused improvise explosives. In this study, several analytical techniques were explored to facilitate analysis in forensic laboratories. FTIR and Raman spectrometry measurements expand existing data and bring more detailed assignment of bands through the parallel study of erythritol [15N4] tetranitrate. In the case of powder diffraction, recently published data were verified, and 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR spectra are discussed in detail. The technique of electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was successfully used for the analysis of ETN. Described methods allow fast, versatile, and reliable detection or analysis of samples containing erythritol tetranitrate in forensic laboratories.
Intergenerational and intercultural civic learning through storied child‐led walks of Chiang Mai
Authors: Phillips Louise Gwenneth , Tossa Wajuppa 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRecent times have witnessed global trends of increased protection of children in public spaces. The participatory arts project The Walking Neighbourhood hosted by Children renegotiates child agency in public spaces by inviting primary school aged children to curate and lead adult audiences on walks of local neighbourhoods. Multiple cities across Australia, Asia, and Europe have hosted The Walking Neighbourhood since 2012. This article focuses on one aspect of that initiative: the Australian‐Thai research collaboration for the Chiang Mai child‐hosted walks. Through storytelling, the Australian and Thai authors share their sensorial ethnographic encounters of two child‐led walks in Chiang Mai to provide lived sensorial affective accounts of children's perceptions and engagement with public spaces. These stories demonstrate how the project provides education for children's independently mobile engagement with their neighbourhoods and public spaces, in that the children competently managed responsibility for their adult audiences, and embraced responsibility for sharing their emplaced connections with a neighbourhood locale. Through participatory arts practice, artists, child hosts, and adult audience members co‐construct and interpret exploratory walks of local neighbourhoods to enable enhanced independent mobilities for children, challenging the norms that assert controlled childhoods. Such interdisciplinary, intergenerational, and intercultural experiences can enable reconceptualisation of children and public spaces and new realities for civic engagement and learning for all. © 2016 Institute of Australian Geographers
Glycemic excursions are positively associated with HbA1c reduction from baseline after treatment with acarbose in patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin monotherapy
Authors: Wang Jun‐Sing , Lee I‐Te , Lee Wen‐Jane , Lin Shi‐Dou , Su Shih‐Li , Tu Shih‐Te , Tseng Yao‐Hsien , Lin Shih‐Yi , Sheu Wayne Huey‐Herng 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to examine the association between glycemic excursions before treatment and HbA1c reduction after treatment intensification with acarbose or glibenclamide in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsPatients receiving single or dual oral antidiabetic drug treatment with an HbA1c of 7.0–11.0 % (53–97 mmol/mol) were switched to metformin monotherapy (500 mg, t.i.d.) for 8 weeks, followed by randomization to either acarbose (100 mg, t.i.d.) or glibenclamide (5 mg, t.i.d.) as add‐on treatment for 16 weeks. Glycemic excursions were assessed as mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) with 72‐h ambulatory continuous glucose monitoring. Treatment efficacy was evaluated as relative HbA1c reduction (%), calculated as (baseline HbA1c – post‐treatment HbA1c)/baseline HbA1c × 100.ResultsFifty patients (mean [±SD] age 53.5 ± 8.2 years, 48 % men, mean baseline HbA1c 8.4 ± 1.2 %) were analyzed. Baseline MAGE was positively correlated with relative HbA1c reduction from baseline in patients treated with acarbose (r = 0.421, P = 0.029) but not glibenclamide (r = 0.052, P = 0.813). Linear regression analysis revealed that the association between baseline MAGE and relative HbA1c reduction from baseline (β = 0.125, P = 0.029) in patients treated with acarbose remained significant after adjustment for several confounders (P < 0.05 for all models).ConclusionsIn patients with T2D on metformin monotherapy, baseline MAGE was positively correlated with relative HbA1c reduction from baseline after treatment with acarbose, but not glibenclamide. These findings highlight the importance of glycemic excursions in individualized treatment for patients with T2D.
Feasibility and pitfalls ofex situmanagement to mitigate the effects of an environmentally persistent pathogen
Authors: Davy C. M. , Whitear A. K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEx situ(captive) management can facilitate species recovery, but this approach is invasive and is not universally appropriate. Evidence‐based approaches are critical to determining whetherex situapproaches will be effective, but in many cases biological and ecological data from threatened populations are scarce. We generated a structured set of general biological and social/logistical criteria required for captive management to benefit threatened, free‐ranging populations. We illustrate how these criteria can be applied using a case study where populations are severely threatened, but demographic data are scarce (white‐nose syndrome in Canadian bats). Using (1) population viability modelling (PVA), (2) a survey of Canadian zoos and wildlife rehabilitators, and (3) literature reviews, we identified two of our five initial target species as potential candidates for captive management.PVArevealed that sustainable captive colonies require high adult survivorship relative to free‐ranging populations. Our survey and literature reviews showed that Canadian zoos and wildlife rehabilitators are enthusiastic about bat conservation. However, none could currently maintain the target species, due to limited infrastructure and/or knowledge gaps related to husbandry and reintroduction of captive bats to the wild. Captive management is unlikely to stabilize target populations because released bats risk re‐infection. We conclude thatex situmanagement is not an appropriate tool in our case study, and would represent ineffective use of available conservation resources. However, development of captive husbandry and re‐introduction methods for hibernating, insectivorous bats would contribute to our global capacity to conserve similar species.
Intra‐ocular pressure fluctuation after cataract surgery in primary angle‐closure glaucoma eyes medically controlled after laser iridotomy
Authors: Özyol Pelin , Özyol Erhan , Sül Sabahattin , Baldemir Ercan , Çavdar Sabanur 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeTo analyse the effect of cataract surgery on diurnal intra‐ocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation in primary angle‐closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes.MethodsThirty‐nine eyes of 24 patients with PACG scheduled for cataract surgery were enrolled to this prospective study. A record was made which included mean IOP measurement, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), number of antiglaucomatous medications, visual field analysis (mean deviation – MD and pattern standard deviation – PSD) and responses to the Glaucoma Quality of Life‐15 (GQL‐15) questionnaires. The eyes were re‐evaluated at 2 and 3 months of cataract surgery.ResultsIOP fluctuation was decreased from 4.58 ± 2.07 mmHg to 2.84 ± 1.5 mmHg (p < 0.001). The decrease in mean IOP, the number of glaucoma eye drops required (p < 0.001, p = 0.012, respectively) and the increase in mean ACD, ACA grading and SITA‐standard MD (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.01, respectively) were statistically significant. The mean GQL‐15 score was also improved (p < 0.001). The change in IOP fluctuation correlated positively with the preoperative IOP fluctuation (r = 0.56 p = 0.00), the change in ACD (r = 0.703, p < 0.001) and the change in ACA (r = 0.664, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, preoperative IOP fluctuation and postoperative increase in ACD were significantly associated with a reduction in IOP fluctuation of an average of 1.1 mmHg per unit change (p = 0.00 and p = 0.019, respectively).ConclusionsCataract surgery in PACG provides the opportunity to address many pathologies with one intervention; improving vision, diminishing IOP, blunting IOP fluctuation, reducing need for medications, eliminating a narrow angle and improving GQL‐15 scores.
Crosstalk between adipokines and myokines in fat browning
Authors: Rodríguez A. , Becerril S. , Ezquerro S. , Méndez‐Giménez L. , Frühbeck G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSkeletal muscle is the largest organ determining whole‐body insulin sensitivity and metabolic homoeostasis. Adaptive changes of skeletal muscle in response to physical activity include adjustments in the production and secretion of muscle‐derived bioactive factors, known as myokines, such as myostatin, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐7 and IL‐15, myonectin, follistatin‐like 1 or leukaemia inhibitory factor. These myokines not only act locally in the muscle in an autocrine/paracrine manner, but also are released to the bloodstream as endocrine factors to regulate physiological processes in other tissues. Irisin, derived from the cleavage of FNDC5 protein, constitutes a myokine that induces myogenesis and fat browning (switch of white adipocytes to brown fat‐like cells) together with a concomitant increase in energy expenditure. Besides being a target for irisin actions, the adipose tissue also constitutes a production site of FNDC5. Interestingly, irisin secretion from subcutaneous and visceral fat depots is decreased by long‐term exercise training and fasting, suggesting a discordant regulation of FNDC5/irisin in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Accordingly, our group has recently reported that the adipokine leptin differentially regulates FNDC5/irisin expression in skeletal muscle and fat, confirming the crosstalk between both tissues. Moreover, irisin secretion and function are regulated by other myokines, such as follistatin or myostatin, as well as by other adipokines, including fibroblast growth factor 21 and leptin. Taken together, myokines have emerged as novel molecular mediators of fat browning and their activity can be modulated by adipokines, confirming the crosstalk between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue to regulate thermogenesis and energy expenditure.
Adding Perspective: Predicting Adolescent Sunscreen Use with an Extended Health Action Process Approach
Authors: Schüz Natalie , Schüz Benjamin , Eid Michael 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundDiseases such as skin cancer often have a very long latency period. For adolescents, especially, it may be difficult to grasp that current risk behavior is related to future health outcomes. This study examines the role of health‐related time perspective (i.e. the degree to which short‐term outcomes are discounted over long‐time health benefits) within the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). More specifically, based on expectancy*value theory, we tested whether time perspective interacts with self‐efficacy, the central variable in this approach.MethodsA longitudinal study with three measurement points across one year assessed 156 high school students. Data were analyzed using structural equation models.ResultsWhile time perspective had no direct association with sunscreen use intentions, there was an interaction effect with self‐efficacy; the shorter the time perspective, the smaller the association of self‐efficacy with intention. Intention in turn predicted planning and sunscreen use at Time 3 (one year later).ConclusionsIn order to maximise the impact of early onset measures for skin cancer prevention targeting the motivation for sunscreen use in adolescents, time perspective should be addressed in comprehensive sun protection interventions.
Oxcarbazepine‐induced liver injury after sensitization by valproic acid: a case report
Authors: Chait Mermelstein Alanna , Mermelstein Joseph , Adam Tarek , Brody Benjamin D , Dubin Marc J 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of the present case report is to describe a potential interaction between valproic acid and oxcarbazepine that resulted in hepatic injury.MethodsWe report the case of a 46‐year‐old man with schizoaffective disorder who was cross‐titrated from valproic acid to oxcarbazepine because of liver injury.ResultsInitiation of oxcarbazepine four days after stopping valproic acid produced a significant elevation in liver enzymes that normalized with oxcarbazepine discontinuation and did not reappear with its reintroduction five days later.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a longer washout period or another agent should be considered when transitioning from valproic acid to oxcarbazepine.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation for N-Mixture Models
Authors: Haines Linda M. 
Published: April 2016

Summary
The focus of this article is on the nature of the likelihood associated with N-mixture models for repeated count data. It is shown that the infinite sum embedded in the likelihood associated with the Poisson mixing distribution can be expressed in terms of a hypergeometric function and, thence, in closed form. The resultant expression for the likelihood can be readily computed to a high degree of accuracy and is algebraically tractable. Specifically, the likelihood equations can be simplified to some advantage, the concentrated likelihood in the probability of detection formulated and problematic cases identified. The results are illustrated by means of a simulation study and a real world example. The study is extended to N-mixture models with a negative binomial mixing distribution and results similar to those for the Poisson case obtained. N-mixture models with mixing distributions which accommodate excess zeros and, separately, with a beta-binomial distribution rather than a binomial used to model the intra-site counts are also investigated. However the results for these settings, while computationally attractive, do not provide insight into the nature of the maximum likelihood estimates.
Longitudinal Associations Between the Quality of Mother–Infant Interactions and Brain Development Across Infancy
Authors: Bernier Annie , Calkins Susan D. , Bell Martha Ann 
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate if normative variations in parenting relate to brain development among typically developing children. A sample of 352 mother–infant dyads came to the laboratory when infants were 5, 10, and 24 months of age (final N = 215). At each visit, child resting electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Mother–infant interactions were videotaped at the 5‐month visit. The results indicated that higher quality maternal behavior during mother–infant interactions predicted higher frontal resting EEG power at 10 and 24 months, as well as increases in power between 5 and 10 months, and between 10 and 24 months. These findings provide rare support for the hypothesis that normative variation in parenting quality may contribute to brain development among typically developing infants.
Severe or life‐threatening asthma exacerbation: patient heterogeneity identified by cluster analysis
Authors: Sekiya K. , Nakatani E. , Fukutomi Y. , Kaneda H. , Iikura M. , Yoshida M. , Takahashi K. , Tomii K. , Nishikawa M. , Kaneko N. , Sugino Y. , Shinkai M. , Ueda T. , Tanikawa Y. , Shirai T. , Hirabayashi M. , Aoki T. , Kato T. , Iizuka K. , Homma S. , Taniguchi M. , Tanaka H. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBackgroundSevere or life‐threatening asthma exacerbation is one of the worst outcomes of asthma because of the risk of death. To date, few studies have explored the potential heterogeneity of this condition.ObjectivesTo examine the clinical characteristics and heterogeneity of patients with severe or life‐threatening asthma exacerbation.MethodsThis was a multicentre, prospective study of patients with severe or life‐threatening asthma exacerbation and pulse oxygen saturation < 90% who were admitted to 17 institutions across Japan. Cluster analysis was performed using variables from patient‐ and physician‐orientated structured questionnaires.ResultsAnalysis of data from 175 patients with severe or life‐threatening asthma exacerbation revealed five distinct clusters. Cluster 1 (n = 27) was younger‐onset asthma with severe symptoms at baseline, including limitation of activities, a higher frequency of treatment with oral corticosteroids and short‐acting beta‐agonists, and a higher frequency of asthma hospitalizations in the past year. Cluster 2 (n = 35) was predominantly composed of elderly females, with the highest frequency of comorbid, chronic hyperplastic rhinosinusitis/nasal polyposis, and a long disease duration. Cluster 3 (n = 40) was allergic asthma without inhaled corticosteroid use at baseline. Patients in this cluster had a higher frequency of atopy, including allergic rhinitis and furred pet hypersensitivity, and a better prognosis during hospitalization compared with the other clusters. Cluster 4 (n = 34) was characterized by elderly males with concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although cluster 5 (n = 39) had very mild symptoms at baseline according to the patient questionnaires, 41% had previously been hospitalized for asthma.Conclusions & Clinical RelevanceThis study demonstrated that significant heterogeneity exists among patients with severe or life‐threatening asthma exacerbation. Differences were observed in the severity of asthma symptoms and use of inhaled corticosteroids at baseline, and the presence of comorbid COPD. These findings may contribute to a deeper understanding and better management of this patient population.
Transient Ischemic Dilatation during Stress Echocardiography: An Additional Marker of Significant Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Kataoka Akihisa , Scherrer‐Crosbie Marielle , Senior Roxy , Garceau Patrick , Valbuena Silvia , Čelutkienė Jelena , Hastings Jeffrey L. , Cheema Asim N. , Lara Alfonso , Srbinovska‐Kostovska Elizabeta , Hessian Renee , Poggio Daniele , Goldweit Richard , Saric Muhamed , Dajani Khaled A. , Kohn Jeffrey A. , Shaw Leslee J. , Reynolds Harmony R. , Picard Michael H. 
Published: April 2016

AimLeft ventricular (LV) transient ischemic dilatation (TID) is not clear how it relates to inducible myocardial ischemia during stress echocardiography (SE).Methods and ResultsEighty‐eight SEs were examined from the site certification phase of the ISCHEMIA Trial. LV end‐diastolic volume (EDV) and end‐systolic volume (ESV) were measured at rest and peak stages and the percent change calculated. Moderate or greater ischemia was defined as ≥3 segments with stress‐induced severe hypokinesis or akinesis. Optimum cut points in stress‐induced percent EDV and ESV change that identified moderate or greater myocardial ischemia were analyzed. Analysis from percentage distribution identified a > 13% LV volume increase in EDV or a > 9% LV volume increase in ESV as the optimum cutoff points for moderate or greater ischemia. Using these definitions for TID, there were 27 (31%) with TIDESV and 12 (14%) with TIDEDV. By logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves, the percent change in ESV had a stronger association with moderate or greater myocardial ischemia than that of EDV change. Compared to those without TIDESV, cases with TIDESV had larger extent of inducible wall‐motion abnormalities, lower peak stress LVEF, and higher likelihood of moderate or grater ischemia. For moderate or greater myocardial ischemia detection, TIDESV had a sensitivity of 46%, specificity of 83%, positive predictive value of 70%, and negative predictive value of 64%.ConclusionTransient ischemic dilatation by SE is a marker of extensive myocardial ischemia and can be used as an additional marker of higher risk.
Evidence‐based dentistry: assessment to document progression to proficiency
Authors: Marshall T. A. , Straub‐Morarend C. L. , Guzmán‐Armstrong S. , Handoo N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe integration of evidence‐based dentistry (EBD) into pre‐doctoral dental curricula requires the identification of desired outcomes, development of curricular content and design of assessment strategies which guide student performance whilst documenting achievement of desired curricular outcomes. Models for developing EBD curriculums have been described in the literature; however, the logistics of designing assessment instruments to progressively document student performance have received less attention. The objective of this article is to describe the University of Iowa's College of Dentistry's development and implementation of assessment strategies to guide student learning of EBD knowledge, application and assimilation to serve as a model for other institutions developing EBD assessment protocols.Assessment DevelopmentDesired EBD knowledge and behaviour outcomes guided the development of curricular content and progressive formative and summative assessment strategies. Vertically and horizontally integrated educational activities enabling students to demonstrate EBD knowledge whilst modelling desired behaviours were identified, whilst assessment principles guided development of learning guides and assessment instruments to document achievement of desired outcomes. Consistent EBD language and educational activities are utilised throughout the 4‐year interdisciplinary curriculum with stepwise assessment protocols matched to the curriculum. Examples of student learning guides and assessment instruments are provided.SummaryCurricular design guides development of assessment strategies. Assessment protocols provide consistent formative and summative feedback to enable continuous student growth to become proficient EBD practitioners.
No more pain upon Gq‐protein‐coupled receptor activation: role of endocannabinoids
Authors: Hu S.S.‐J. , Ho Y.‐C. , Chiou L.‐C 
Published: April 2016

The above article from European Journal of Neuroscience, published online on 4 February 2014 in Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ejn.12475/full), has been retracted by agreement between the Editors‐in‐Chief, Paul Bolam and John Foxe, the authors and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed as the above article has been found to overlap substantially with the article ‘Chiou, L.‐C., Hu, S. S.‐J., and Ho, Y.‐C. (2013), Targeting the cannabinoid system for pain relief? Acta Anaesthesiologica Taiwanica, Volume 51, Issue 4: 161 – 170. doi: 10.1016/j.aat.2013.10.004’, which was submitted after the European Journal of Neuroscience article but was published first.ReferenceHu, S.S.‐J., Ho, Y.‐C. & Chiou, L.‐C. (2014) No more pain upon Gq‐protein‐coupled receptor activation: role of endocannabinoids. Eur. J. Neurosci., 39, 467–484. doi: 10.1111/ejn.12475