bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charting Frontotemporal Dementia: From Genes to Networks
Authors: Filippi Massimo , Agosta Federica , Ferraro Pilar M. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous syndrome that is characterized by overlapping clinical symptoms involving behavior, personality, language and/or motor functions and degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes. The term frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is used to describe the proteinopathies associated with clinical FTD. Emerging evidence from network‐based neuroimaging studies, such as resting state functional MRI and diffusion tensor MRI studies, have implicated specific large‐scale brain networks in the pathogenesis of FTD syndromes, suggesting a new paradigm for explaining the distributed and heterogeneous spreading patterns of pathological proteins in FTLD. In this review, we overview recent research on the study of FTD syndromes as connectivity disorders in symptomatic patients as well as genotype‐specific changes in asymptomatic FTD‐related gene mutation carriers. Characterizing brain network breakdown in these subjects using neuroimaging may help anticipate the diagnosis and perhaps prevent the devastating impact of FTD.
Part‐Digitizing System of Impression and Interocclusal Record for Complete Denture Fabrication
Authors: Matsuda Takashi , Goto Takaharu , Yagi Kazutomo , Kashiwabara Toshiya , Ichikawa Tetsuo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFew studies have reported the application of digital technology to removable dentures, particularly for the process of impression and interocclusal recording for complete denture fabrication. This article describes a part‐digitizing system of impression and interocclusal records for complete denture fabrication. The denture foundation area in an edentulous mouth, including the border areas and residual ridge, is outlined by tracing the surfaces with a 3‐D pen‐type digitizer. Specialized trays for final impressions and interocclusal records were generated using computer‐aided design and manufactured using the digital data. Final impression and interocclusal records were carried out using these specialized trays. The computer‐aided method using preliminary digital impressions and specialized trays would be feasible for clinical use for complete denture fabrication.
Impact of Surgical Template on the Accuracy of Implant Placement
Authors: Xu Liang‐wei , You Jia , Zhang Jian‐xing , Liu Yun‐feng , Peng Wei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeTo achieve functional and esthetic results, implants must be placed accurately; however, little information is available regarding the effect of surgical templates on the accuracy of implant placement. Thus, the aim of this study was to measure the deviation between actual and planned implant positions, and determine the deviation caused by the surgical template.Materials and MethodsJaws from 16 patients were scanned using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). For our study, 53 implants were planned in a virtual 3D environment, of which 35 were inserted in the mandible and 18 in the maxilla. A stereolithographic (SLA) surgical template was created. A CBCT scan of the surgical template fitted on a plaster model was performed, and the images obtained were matched to virtual implant plan images that contained the planned implant position. The actual implant position was acquired from the registration position of the surgical template. Deviation between actual and planned implant positions was analyzed.ResultsMean central deviation at the hex and apex was 0.456 mm and 0.515 mm, respectively. Mean value of horizontal deviation at the hex was 0.193 mm, horizontal deviation at the apex was 0.277 mm, vertical deviation at the hex was 0.388 mm, vertical deviation at the apex was 0.390 mm, and angular deviation was 0.621°.ConclusionOur study results revealed a significant deviation between actual and planned implant positions caused by the surgical template.
In Vitro Effects of Plantago Major Extract, Aucubin, and Baicalein on Candida albicans Biofilm Formation, Metabolic Activity, and Cell Surface Hydrophobicity
Authors: Shirley Karina Pezo , Windsor L. Jack , Eckert George J. , Gregory Richard L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeTo determine the in vitro effectiveness of Plantago major extract, along with two of its active components, aucubin and baicalein, on the inhibition of Candida albicans growth, biofilm formation, metabolic activity, and cell surface hydrophobicity.Materials and MethodsTwofold dilutions of P. major, aucubin, and baicalein were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), and the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of each solution. Separately, twofold dilutions of P. major, aucubin, and baicalein were used to determine the metabolic activity of established C. albicans biofilm using a 2,3‐bis (2‐ methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium‐carboxanilide reduction assay. Twofold dilutions of P. major, aucubin, and baicalein were used to determine the cell surface hydrophobicity of treated C. albicans biofilm by a two‐phase assay using hexadecane. The hydrophobicity percentage of the cell surface was then calculated. A mixed‐model ANOVA test was used for intergroup comparisons.ResultsThe MICs of P. major extract (diluted 1:2 to 1:8), aucubin (61 to 244 μg/ml), and baicalein (0.0063 to 100 μg/ml) on the total growth of C. albicans were noticeable at their highest concentrations, and the inhibition was dose dependent. The MFC was evaluated after 48 hours of incubation, and aucubin (244 μg/ml) exhibited a strong fungicidal activity at its highest concentration against C. albicans growth. The MBIC indicated no growth or reduced growth of C. albicans biofilm at the highest concentrations of aucubin (61 to 244 μg/ml) and baicalein (25 to 100 μg/ml). Similarly, the effects of these reagents on C. albicans biofilm metabolic activity and hydrophobicity demonstrated high effectiveness at their highest concentrations.ConclusionP. major extract, aucubin, and baicalein caused a dose‐dependent reduction on the total growth, biofilm formation, metabolic activity, and cell surface hydrophobicity of C. albicans. This demonstrates their effectiveness as antifungals and suggests their promising potential use as solutions for C. albicans biofilm‐related infections.
Outcomes of hepatitis B surface antigenaemia in patients with incident end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Kim Ae Jin , Lee Jin Hwan , Ko Kwang‐Pil , Jung Eul Sik , Choi Byoung Ho , Ro Han , Jung Ji Yong , Lee Hyun Hee , Chung Wookyung , Chang Jae Hyun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the general population. However, limited data are available on the progression of HBV infection in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), and available data are controversial. Therefore, we investigated the association between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity and mortality in patients with incident ESRD.MethodsAll adult patients (≥18 years of age) starting dialysis for ESRD from January 2000 to December 2011 were included. A total of 1090 patients with ESRD were analyzed. HBsAg‐positive patients were paired 1:6 with HBsAg‐negative patients using propensity score matching.ResultsEighty one (7.4%) patients were HBsAg positive. No differences in the survival rates of the HBsAg‐positive and HBsAg‐negative patients with ESRD were detected in either the entire cohort or the propensity score matched cohort. No differences in survival were detected between the groups of HBsAg‐positive patients based on the hepatitis B envelope antigen, hepatitis B envelope antibody, HBV DNA status, or use of antiviral agents. No difference in mortality was found between the haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) subgroups among HBsAg‐positive patients.ConclusionOur results suggest that hepatitis B surface antigenaemia is not related to increased mortality in patients with incident ESRD. Survival of HBsAg‐positive patients undergoing PD was comparable to that of patients undergoing HD.
Selection during crop diversification involves correlated evolution of the circadian clock and ecophysiological traits in Brassica rapa
Authors: Yarkhunova Yulia , Edwards Christine E. , Ewers Brent E. , Baker Robert L. , Aston Timothy Llewellyn , McClung C. Robertson , Lou Ping , Weinig Cynthia 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Crop selection often leads to dramatic morphological diversification, in which allocation to the harvestable component increases. Shifts in allocation are predicted to impact (as well as rely on) physiological traits; yet, little is known about the evolution of gas exchange and related anatomical features during crop diversification.

In Brassica rapa, we tested for physiological differentiation among three crop morphotypes (leaf, turnip, and oilseed) and for correlated evolution of circadian, gas exchange, and phenological traits. We also examined internal and surficial leaf anatomical features and biochemical limits to photosynthesis.

Crop types differed in gas exchange; oilseed varieties had higher net carbon assimilation and stomatal conductance relative to vegetable types. Phylogenetically independent contrasts indicated correlated evolution between circadian traits and both gas exchange and biomass accumulation; shifts to shorter circadian period (closer to 24 h) between phylogenetic nodes are associated with higher stomatal conductance, lower photosynthetic rate (when CO2 supply is factored out), and lower biomass accumulation. Crop type differences in gas exchange are also associated with stomatal density, epidermal thickness, numbers of palisade layers, and biochemical limits to photosynthesis.

Brassica crop diversification involves correlated evolution of circadian and physiological traits, which is potentially relevant to understanding mechanistic targets for crop improvement.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Cross Trajectory Technique for Pedicle Screw Insertion: Combined Use of Traditional Trajectory and Cortical Bone Trajectory
Authors: Matsukawa Keitaro , Yato Yoshiyuki , Imabayashi Hideaki , Hosogane Naobumi , Asazuma Takashi , Nemoto Koichi 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo introduce a novel double‐screw (cross trajectory) technique that combines use of the traditional trajectory (TT) and cortical bone trajectory (CBT) and to investigate its fixation strength quantitatively by finite element (FE) analysis.MethodsThree‐dimensional FE models of 30 osteoporotic L4 vertebrae (patients' mean age: 77.3 ± 7.4 years, 11 men and 19 women) were computationally created. Each vertebral model was implanted with bilateral pedicle screws by TT (using 7.5 mm × 40 mm screws), CBT (using 5.5 mm × 35 mm screws) and cross trajectory (combined use of TT screws of 5.5 mm × 40 mm and CBT screws of 5.5 mm × 35 mm) and compared among three groups. The vertebral fixation strength of a bilateral‐screw construct was examined by applying forces simulating flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation to the vertebrae by non‐linear FE analyses.ResultsFixation strength using the cross trajectory was the highest among the three different techniques (P < 0.01). The cross trajectory construct demonstrated 320% higher strength than the TT construct in flexion, 293% higher in extension, 102% higher in lateral bending, and 40% higher in axial rotation (P < 0.01). Similarly, the cross trajectory construct showed 268% higher strength than the CBT construct in flexion, 269% higher in extension, 210% higher in lateral bending, and 178% in axial rotation (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe cross trajectory technique offered superior fixation strength over the TT and CBT techniques in each plane of motion. This technique may be a valid option for posterior fusion, especially in osteoporotic spine.
Recent changes in the features of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Authors: Bakal Unal , Sarac Mehmet , Aydin Mustafa , Tartar Tugay , Kazez Ahmet 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is a rare cause of non‐bilious vomiting in young infants; the condition requires surgical management. Diagnosis is based on clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings. In the present study, we evaluate recent changes in the features of HPS.MethodWe retrospectively reviewed the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data on 56 HPS patients who underwent pyloromyotomy between 1996 and 2015. Patients were divided into two groups according to date of operation (group 1, 1996–2006; group 2, 2007–2015).ResultsGroup 1 consisted of 30 patients and group 2, 26. The age at diagnosis was longer in group 2 (43.3 ± 13.1 days) than group 1 (37.4 ± 17.7 days). All diagnoses were confirmed on ultrasonography. Pyloromyotomy was performed on all 56 patients (48 boys, 8 girls). Significant between‐group differences were evident in terms of age at onset of vomiting; rate of dehydration; development of palpable olive‐shaped abdominal mass; serum urea and creatinine; acid–base status; and air distribution pattern on abdominal radiography (all P < 0.05).ConclusionThe frequency of olive‐shaped abdominal mass evident on physical examination decreased significantly over time, and was lower than published values. Early diagnosis triggers timely support and surgical intervention, and may thus prevent development of the classical clinical and laboratory findings of late‐stage HPS. The remarkable recent advances in ultrasonography and techniques allow HPS to be diagnosed earlier than formerly.
Optimizing the utilization of kidneys from small pediatric deceased donors under 15 kg by choosing pediatric recipients
Authors: Sui Mingxing , Zhao Wenyu , Chen Yu , Zhu Fanyuan , Zhu Youhua , Zeng Li , Zhang Lei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCurrently, most kidneys from small pediatric deceased donors are transplanted into adult recipients (i.e.,PTA). However, due to the weight mismatch, there is a high discard rate and a high ratio ofEBKTs if adoptingPTA. Here, we sought both to optimize utilization of these challenging but scarce donor grafts by selecting pediatric recipients and to characterize the feasibility and efficacy of thisPTPallocation strategy. From February 2012 to October 2014, kidneys from 27 infant donors ≤15 kg were procured and distributed to 38 pediatric candidates in our center. The grafts were utilized forEBKTif the donor weighed 2.5–5 kg and forSKTif the donor weighed 5–15 kg, leading to 10EBKTs and 28SKTs. The overall utilization rate from small pediatric deceased donors was 94.12%. After a follow‐up of 3–26 months, the graft survival rate was 89.47%, with four graft losses due to vascular thrombosis. Kidneys from low‐body‐weight donors should be applied to pediatric recipients, and the kidneys from infant donors ≥5 kg can be used in single‐kidney‐transplant procedures at experienced centers to optimize utilization.
Urban Allotment Gardens During Precarious Times: From Motives to Lived Experiences
Authors: Partalidou Maria , Anthopoulou Theodosia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFood production was mostly perceived as an agricultural issue grounded in a rural hinterland. However, with the social, political and economic crisis especially in the European South urban agriculture is rapidly developing and becoming increasingly important for city dwellers. Drawing on a case‐study of a municipal allotment garden in Northern Greece this article set out to explore the motives of urban dwellers for engaging in urban gardening. We elaborate a typology of gardeners using statistical analysis and Maslow's hierarchy of human needs. We then move from motives to placemaking and argue that despite the recent surge of gardens as places of production and satisfaction of basic level needs, new needs are emerging from lived experiences. Meanings, emotions and memories are embedded in the garden. Self‐actualisation needs are fulfilled, new skills are developed and virtual communities are also grown. This symbiotic relationship of agriculture and the city has yet to reach its full potential in helping city dwellers to overcome what they are deprived of due to the crisis, not only material goods and social benefits but moreover a sense of belonging and self‐respect.
Activation of autophagy by unfolded proteins during endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Yang Xiaochen , Srivastava Renu , Howell Stephen H. , Bassham Diane C. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryEndoplasmic reticulum stress is defined as the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, and is caused by conditions such as heat or agents that cause endoplasmic reticulum stress, including tunicamycin and dithiothreitol. Autophagy, a major pathway for degradation of macromolecules in the vacuole, is activated by these stress agents in a manner dependent on inositol‐requiring enzyme 1b (IRE1b), and delivers endoplasmic reticulum fragments to the vacuole for degradation. In this study, we examined the mechanism for activation of autophagy during endoplasmic reticulum stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. The chemical chaperones sodium 4–phenylbutyrate and tauroursodeoxycholic acid were found to reduce tunicamycin‐ or dithiothreitol‐induced autophagy, but not autophagy caused by unrelated stresses. Similarly, over‐expression of BINDING IMMUNOGLOBULIN PROTEIN (BIP), encoding a heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) molecular chaperone, reduced autophagy. Autophagy activated by heat stress was also found to be partially dependent on IRE1b and to be inhibited by sodium 4–phenylbutyrate, suggesting that heat‐induced autophagy is due to accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Expression in Arabidopsis of the misfolded protein mimics zeolin or a mutated form of carboxypeptidase Y (CPY*) also induced autophagy in an IRE1b‐dependent manner. Moreover, zeolin and CPY* partially co‐localized with the autophagic body marker GFP–ATG8e, indicating delivery to the vacuole by autophagy. We conclude that accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum is a trigger for autophagy under conditions that cause endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Model Checking Existential Logic on Partially Ordered Sets
Authors: Bova Simone , Ganian Robert , Szeider Stefan 
Published: November 2015

We study the problem of checking whether an existential sentence (i.e., a first-order sentence in prefix form built using existential quantifiers and all Boolean connectives) is true in a finite partially ordered set (a poset). A poset is a reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive digraph. The problem encompasses the fundamental embedding problem of finding an isomorphic copy of a poset as an induced substructure of another poset.
Model checking existential logic is already NP-hard on a fixed poset; thus, we investigate structural properties of posets yielding conditions for fixed-parameter tractability when the problem is parameterized by the sentence. We identify width as a central structural property (the width of a poset is the maximum size of a subset of pairwise incomparable elements); our main algorithmic result is that model checking existential logic on classes of finite posets of bounded width is fixed-parameter tractable. We observe a similar phenomenon in classical complexity, in which we prove that the isomorphism problem is polynomial-time tractable on classes of posets of bounded width; this settles an open problem in order theory.
We surround our main algorithmic result with complexity results on less restricted, natural neighboring classes of finite posets, establishing its tightness in this sense. We also relate our work with (and demonstrate its independence of) fundamental fixed-parameter tractability results for model checking on digraphs of bounded degree and bounded clique-width.
Deterministic root finding in finite fields
Authors: De Feo Luca , Petit Christophe , Quisquater Michaël 
Published: November 2015

Finding roots of polynomials with coefficients in a finite field is a special instance of the polynomial factorization problem. The most well known algorithm for factoring and root-finding is the Cantor-Zassenhaus algorithm. It is a Las Vegas algorithm with running time polynomial in both the polynomial degree and the field size. Its running time is quasi-optimal for the special case of root-finding.
No deterministic polynomial time algorithm for these problems is known in general, however several deterministic algorithms are known for special instances, most notably when the characteristic of the finite field is small.
The goal of this poster is to review the best deterministic algorithms for root-finding, in a systematic way. We present, in a unified way, four algorithms:
• Berlekamp's Trace Algorithm [2] (BTA),
• Moenk's Subgroup Refinement Method [7] (SRM),
• Menezes, van Oorschot and Vanstone's Affine Refinement Method [5, 10] (ARM), and
• Petit's Successive Resultants Algorithm [8] (SRA).
It is the first time that these algorithms are presented together in a comprehensive way, and that they are rigorously analysed, implemented and compared to each other.
In doing so, we obtain several new results:
• We significantly improve the complexity ARM, matching that of BTA and SRA.
• We highlight a profound duality relationship between ARM and SRA.
• We show how to combine ARM with SRM to obtain a new algorithm, which always performs better, and of which ARM and SRM are special instances. The new algorithm considerably extends the range of finite fields for which deterministic polynomial time root-finding is possible.
• We present several practical and asymptotic improvements to special instances of the algorithms.
Part of these results were submitted in response to the call for papers of ISSAC '15, but were rejected. This poster corrects some minor imperfections, improves the asymptotic complexities of some algorithms, and presents a new algorithm not previously known.
Editorial
Authors: Martinho Marcos 
Published: November 2015

<p>Este número de <em>Letras Clássicas</em> é dedicado aos estudos da língua grega e da língua latina – não só aos estudos da gramática, mas aos estudos dos gramáticos gregos e latinos. A “Seção de artigos” compõe-se de ensaios acerca do gramático grego Apolônio Díscolo (a concepção de substância), do gramático Prisciano (a concepção de pessoa, as citações dos autores gregos) e de outros gramáticos latinos (a normatização do gênero), bem como de ensaios sobre a língua grega (teônimos e epítetos de Afrodite) e a língua latina (omissão do sujeito acusativo na oração infinitiva). Na “Seção de traduções” apresenta-se versão portuguesa de duas artes gramaticais basilares da tradição gramatical ocidental: a <em>Arte</em> de Dionísio da Trácia e a <em>Arte menor</em> de Donato. Na “Seção de notícias” oferece-se informação sobre pesquisas de doutorado e mestrado do PPG Letras Clássicas da FFLCH/USP e, na “Seção de resenhas”, recensão de livros da área de estudos clássicos.</p>
Homer, from reception to composition
Authors: Graziosi Barbara 
Published: November 2015

Esse artigo pretende contribuir com duas áreas dos estudos homéricos que raramente parecem entrar em um diálogo produtivo: crítica textual e estudos de recepção. Ele acessa três abordagens diferentes do texto de Homero: as edições da Ilíada e da Odisseia de H. van Thiel, a da Ilíada de Martin West para a Teubner e a abordagem multitextual de Gregory Nagy; ao mesmo tempo, ele leva a sério a ênfase crescente na recepção nos estudos clássicos. Ao levar em conta variantes textuais, morfologia e sintaxe, esse artigo ilustra como o estudo de recepção pode contribuir para a constituição do texto e, vice-versa, como a história do texto homérico ilumina sua recepção mais ampla.