bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A - 74 Comparing HVLT-R Performance in Monolingual Vs. Spanish/English Bilingual Veterans
Authors: Cabrera Carla , Bain Kathleen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Norms developed in monolingual populations may not be appropriate for use with bilingual patients. This study examined the impact of Spanish-English bilingualism on rote verbal memory using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R).

Methods
Clinically-referred veterans (86 monolingual; 30 bilingual) completed HVLT-R (English) during a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. Chi square analyses and independent samples t-tests were used to examine group demographic differences. Verbal fluency scores and HVLT-R scores were compared between groups using independent samples t-tests.

Results
Groups did not differ significantly in age (monolingual-M = 62.62; bilingual-M = 65.67) or education (monolingual-M = 13.9; bilingual-M = 13.2). Self-reported race/ethnicity was mostly White for the monolingual sample, while the bilingual sample was predominantly Hispanic. Groups also differed in gender composition (bilingual: 100% male; monolingual: 84% male). Groups did not differ in their speeded English phonemic word generation, t(108) = 0.311, p = 0.757, or speeded semantic word generation, t(109) = 1.931, p = 0.056, suggesting the current bilingual sample had high English proficiency. Cognitively unimpaired monolingual and bilingual veterans did not differ in their raw total recall, t(114) = 1.228, p = 0.222, delayed free recall, t(114) = 0.331, p = 0.741, percent retention, t(114) = 0.240, p = 0.811, or recognition discrimination, t(114) = 0.521, p = 0.603, for target words. Groups did not differ in their age-corrected T-scores in any of the above scores.

Conclusions
Results support the use of existing HVLT-R normative data for assessment of rote verbal memory in Spanish/English bilinguals with high English proficiency.
A - 75 Clarifying the Complex: International Adoptees as Exemplars of Culturally-Informed Neuropsychological Assessment
Authors: Wood Zachary , Austin Cynthia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
School-age international adoptees are underrepresented in the literature despite their unique cultural, linguistic, and academic experiences. The lack of representative norms paired with reduced cultural exposure in the United States requires special consideration from the neuropsychologist. This case report of an internationally adopted child with cerebral palsy illuminates the varying responsiveness of measures to changing levels of acculturation, language acquisition, and educational intervention.

Method
Patient was adopted at age 10 from China. He experienced lifelong institutionalization and limited formal education; he was illiterate at time of adoption. Brain MRI was consistent with his diagnosis of diplegic cerebral palsy (GMFCS Level I). Beginning approximately one year after adoption, he underwent three neuropsychological evaluations over five years. Testing accommodations to support language, behavior, and executive functioning were provided across evaluations.

Results
Patient’s initial neuropsychological evaluation demonstrated below age expectation performance across nearly all domains of cognitive functioning. Subsequent evaluations evidenced notable improvements across language, memory, mood, behavior, and adaptive functioning, with many areas revealing age appropriate abilities. Improvements across domains commonly affected by cerebral palsy were more limited, and academics were a longstanding, refractory area of difficulty.

Conclusions
Traditional administration and interpretation of neuropsychological measures can have difficulty characterizing the cognitive skills of medically involved, international adoptees. Thoughtful measure selection, administration, and interpretation are needed to differentiate underlying ability from performance. Interpreting assessment data can be challenging due to dynamic levels of language acquisition, academic proficiency, and acculturation. Rate of skill acquisition/development across multiple evaluations may be a better indicator of underlying ability than normative comparisons.
A - 77 A Systematic Review of Current Diversity Representation in Neuropsychological Research
Authors: Ton Loy Adan F , Reames Celeste M , Ikonomou Vasilios C , Hernandez Katherine , Campbell Ivan , Wagaman Bailey , Hill Benjamin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study investigated current representation of diverse samples in research published in four leading neuropsychology journals.

Methods
We reviewed 367 articles published in 2023 from Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, Neuropsychology, Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, and The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 34 review articles and 4 editorial/announcements were excluded leaving 321 articles coded for age, education, gender/sex, race/ethnicity, and sample country.

Results
Overall, 89.41% of studies reported gender/sex and 50.46% reported race/ethnicity. Out of 63 original articles that included European populations (e.g., France, Sweden, Denmark, etc.), 93.65% reported gender/sex and 12.7% reported race/ethnicity. Out of 172 original articles that included United States (U.S.) samples, 95.93% reported gender/sex and 80.23% reported race/ethnicity. Studies of U.S. samples reported the following average sociodemographic variables: education 14.94 years (SD = 3.72), age 50.32 years (SD = 21.39), gender/sex 48.09% female and 51.90% male, and race/ethnicity was 65.11% White, 6.64% Black/African American, 2.18% Asian, 1.06% American Indian/Alaskan Native, 0.43% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and 24.57% unknown/other/mixed race. Additionally, 9.82% of participants were Hispanic/Latino.

Conclusions
Roughly half of studies did not report on race/ethnicity and this was particularly notable for European samples with more homogeneous populations. Studies with U.S. samples had equitable gender/sex representation but participants were predominantly White and older middle aged. Inconsistencies in how studies stratified race/ethnicity resulted in a large percentage of individuals being classified as unknown/other/mixed. This review highlights the need for more diverse representation in neuropsychological research as Hispanic/Latino, Black/African American, and Asian groups were represented at half their actual numbers in the U.S. population (18.5%, 12.2%, and 5.9% respectively).
A - 79 Comparison of Neuropsychological Test Performance between Monolingual Older Adults with Varying Cognitive Profiles
Authors: Linares Casey Morocho 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
With the rapid aging and cultural differences of the Latinx population, psychologists have expressed concerns regarding neuropsychological evaluations used for Alzheimer’s disease (ad), including the appropriateness of normative data and misinterpretation of test scores. This study explores various facets of neuropsychological performance between Spanish and English-speaking older adults with ad or normal cognition (NC).

Method
Participants (N = 17,716) from a de-identified database from the National Alzheimer’s’ Coordinating Center were administered Boston Naming Test-30 items (BNT-30), Animal & Vegetable Verbal Fluency, Digit Symbol, Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Logical Memory I & II (LM-I & II), and Trail Making Test A & B (TMT-A & B). Correlations, multiple linear hierarchical regressions, and two-factor Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs) were used.

Results
Significant associations between interest areas (e.g., sex, ethnicity, race, age, education level, and/or age of cognitive onset) and test performances were found in each diagnosis group. Primary language, education level, and diagnosis were found to be significant predictors of LM-I (f2 = 0.19), LM-II (f2 = 0.22), and TMT-B (f2 = 0.15) performance. Significant interactions of primary language and diagnosis group were found among test performances for the MMSE, LM-II, Animals Verbal Fluency, TMT-A, and TMT-B (p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Further research is warranted to understand the complexity of using neuropsychological assessments to detect ad-related deficits among Spanish-speaking Latinx individuals. Evidence-based neuropsychological practice guidelines must acknowledge the importance of education level and primary language on test performance.
A - 86 Perceived Social Support Predicts Everyday Cognition for Daily Functioning beyond Geriatric Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Tran Sarah , DiGiovanna Benjamin , Gamino Denise , Langarica Ashley Arreola , Motley John , Way Sarah , Boynton Harrison , Barnett Michael 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Previous literature has found that social support can be a protective factor for older adults experiencing declines in their everyday cognition for daily functioning – or adaptive functioning (AdaptF). In contrast, depression and anxiety are risk factors for AdaptF impairment. This study examines the effect of perceived social support on AdaptF while controlling for anxiety and depression.

Method
Older adults (N = 126; Mage = 73.4; 60% female) completed the Measure of Everyday Cognition (ECOG) for AdaptF, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Geriatric Anxiety Scale, and Geriatric Depression Scale as part of a neuropsychological evaluation. Hierarchical regression was used, with anxiety and depression in Model 1 and perceived social support in Model 2.

Results
Model 1 explained 21.5% of the variance, F(2, 123) = 18.13, p &lt; 0.001. Model 2 explained an additional 4.9% and was significant, ΔR2 = 0.264, F(3, 122) = 15.92, p &lt; 0.001. Depression was significant in Model 1, β = −0.32, p = 0.005. In Model 2, social support emerged as a significant independent predictor, β = 0.24, p = 0.003.

Conclusion
The results of this study show that social support is a significant predictor of AdaptF even after controlling for the large effects of anxiety and depression. Research has shown that social support is associated with better AdaptF. This study elaborates on the importance of social support’s role in adaptive functioning beyond the effects of anxiety and depression. Future directions could explore the relationship between social support and the different dimensions of the ECOG.
A - 87 Exploring the Utility of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment to Identify Neurocognitive Deficits among Adult Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Ulloa Sara , Wong Tiffany , Luo Hua , Bao Sile , Cavazos Judith , Santos-Modesitt Wendy , Treadwell Marsha , Hagar Ward , Hoehner Christine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Neurocognitive deficits associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) have been well established in the pediatric population but studies examining the adult neurocognitive profile are lacking. This study examined the utility of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to screen patients for cognitive impairments within a multidisciplinary adult sickle cell clinic.

Method
Patients who presented to their scheduled appointment at the UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland Adult Sickle Cell Clinic were provided psychoeducation and offered neurocognitive screening. Those that accepted completed a brief clinical interview and were screened with the MoCA by neuropsychology externs or a licensed clinical psychologist.

Results
A sample of 24 patients (M age = 37.63, age range = 18–75; female =58.33%) were screened with the MoCA. Of patients screened, 41.67% (n = 10) were identified as mildly impaired (M score = 22) and 16.67% (n = 4) were identified as moderately impaired (M score = 15.5), consistent with other studies in the literature. Overall MoCA score and the memory subdomain were both negatively correlated with increasing age (r = −0.15, p &lt; 0.05 and r = −0.06, p &lt; 0.05 respectively).

Conclusions
Utilizing the MoCA, our study demonstrates a notable prevalence of cognitive impairment identified in 58.43% of adult SCD patients, with a marked decline associated with advancing age. These findings suggest the MoCA’s utility; however, further research is needed to understand the validity of this measure in detecting the varying levels of cognitive impairment in adult SCD patients. Such measures could significantly enhance the care and quality of life for individuals with SCD and address age disparities in SCD, where resources for adult patients are much more limited.
A - 88 Grandparent Caregivers Interaction with Experiences of Discrimination Effect on Perceptions of Cognitive Control
Authors: McLin Maia , Bosques Nicole Colon , Nadorff Danielle K 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study hypothesized that perceptions of cognitive ability control will differ according to grandparent caregiving status and perceptions of discrimination based on age. Control beliefs mediate the relation between discrimination and executive function. Due to the intersectional nature of grandparents who raise grandchildren and minority statuses compared to non-caregiving grandparents, it is thought that perceptions of age being the main reason of discrimination will differentially affect caregiving grandparents compared to non-caregiving grandparents perceptions of control over cognitive ability.

Method
Data included 92 caregiving and 407 non-caregiving grandparent participants from the third wave of a longitudinal data collection survey Midlife in the United States study (MIDUS III). MIDUS III included self-administered surveys assessing caregiver status, perceptions of main reasons of discrimination, and perceptions of cognitive control.

Result
A 2-way ANOVA was performed to analyze the effect of grandparent caregiver status and age discrimination perceptions on perceptions of cognitive ability control. A 2-way ANOVA revealed there was a significant interaction between the effects of grandparent caregiver status and perceptions of aging discrimination (F(1, 498) = 7047, p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Grandparent caregivers are more likely to have higher perceptions of control over cognitive ability when they do not perceive age as a main reason for discrimination; whereas non-caregiving grandparents have higher perceptions of control over cognitive ability when they do perceive age as a main reason for discrimination. Perceptions of why individuals are discriminated against may interact with personal factors that contribute to perceptions of control in cognitive ability.
A - 90 Verbal Fluency Changes with Age and Theta-Gamma Phase-Amplitude Coupling
Authors: Hall Megan C , Rempe Maggie P , Embury Christine M , Arif Yasra , Schantell Mikki , Bashford Seth , Garrison Grant J , Glesinger Ryan J , Okelberry Hannah J , Petts Aubrie J , Keifer Elizabeth L , Casagrande Chloe C , Picci Giorgia , Spooner Rachel K , May-Weeks Pamela E , Heinrichs-Graham Elizabeth , Wilson Tony W 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Semantic judgement involves the capacity to understand and conceptualize words and relate them to meaning. We examined the neural mechanisms involved in semantic judgement during aging and how this affects performance on a neuropsychological assessment of verbal fluency.

Methods
One-hundred and sixty participants (Mage = 49.76, SDage = 15.21, age range = 21–87, Nfemale = 81) completed a semantic judgement task with related and unrelated conditions during magnetoencephalography (MEG). Participants also completed phonemic (Controlled Oral Word Association Test [COWAT], letters F-A-S) and semantic (Animals) tasks. Both tasks were z-scored and averaged as a measure of verbal fluency. MEG data were transformed into the time-frequency domain and significant task-related oscillatory responses were imaged to identify the underlying anatomical areas. Whole-brain paired-t tests were performed to assess conditional differences; voxel timeseries data were extracted from the resulting peaks to calculate theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC). PAC difference scores (unrelated-related) were calculated for subsequent analyses.

Results
Whole-brain contrasts revealed significant conditional differences in the theta and gamma ranges in the left hippocampus (p &lt; 0.001), with stronger responses in unrelated compared to related trials. A linear regression revealed that age and the PAC difference scores predicted verbal fluency (R = 0.322, F(2,150) = 8.698, p &lt; 0.001). Specifically, stronger theta-gamma PAC in the unrelated compared to related condition and increased age were associated with lower verbal fluency scores (PAC difference score: β = −0.538, p = 0.032, 95% CI [−1.029, −0.047]; Age: β = −0.016, p &lt; 0.001, 95% CI [−0.026, −0.007]).

Conclusions
These preliminary findings suggest differences in theta-gamma PAC in the hippocampus are associated with verbal fluency with implications for understanding the neural underpinnings of performance on verbal fluency assessments.
A - 95 De Novo Impulse Control Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease Patients Undergoing GPi-DBS: a Prospective Study
Authors: Combs Hannah L , York Michele K , Jimenez-Shahed Joohi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Impulse control disorders (ICD) are behaviors characterized by a failure to resist an impulse to perform an action despite consequences. ICDs are an increasingly recognized complication of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) treatment1. Literature is mixed on the relationship between deep brain stimulation (DBS) and ICD2. Most studies focus on de novo ICD’s in patients undergoing subthalamic-nucleus (STN) DBS, but the relationship with globus pallidus interna (GPi) DBS is less understood. The present study examined rate and severity of ICD symptoms in patients undergoing GPi-DBS versus STN-DBS.

Method
27 PD patients undergoing candidacy for bilateral DBS were prospectively enrolled. Pre-surgically, subjects underwent a neuropsychological evaluation and examination by a movement disorder specialist. 17 underwent STN-DBS and 10 underwent GPi-DBS. Subjects returned 12–18 months post-surgery to complete an abbreviated cognitive battery and an ICD rating scale.

Results
There were no differences in presurgical or postsurgical neurocognitive scores between groups. STN-DBS had higher pre-surgical ICD scores (p = 0.04) than GPi-DBS. Patients with post-DBS ICD’s were more likely to have undergone GPi-DBS than STN-DBS (p = 0.05). This finding persisted when controlling for change in levodopa equivalency dosage. Preoperatively, 41% of STN-DBS and 30% of GPi-DBS patients were ICD+. Postoperatively, 35% of STN-DBS and 80% of GPi-DBS patients were ICD+.

Conclusion(s)
Findings suggest patients undergoing GPi-DBS were more likely than those undergoing STN-DBS to develop de novo ICD’s. This is a novel finding in the literature and highlights the need for more research on the circuitry involved in GPi-DBS that may affect neuropsychiatric symptoms.
A - 96 Cognitive Profiles of Patients with Essential Tremor and Parkinson’s Disease: a Comparative Study
Authors: Combs Hannah L , Land Melany , Henry Samantha K , York Michele K , Sober Jonathan D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Essential tremor (ET) is traditionally thought of as a pure motor condition1 defined by isolated action tremor. However, research suggests cognitive decline is more prevalent in ET than originally proposed2. Movement Disorder Society guidelines recommend patients with ET and cognitive decline be classified “ET-Plus3”. ET-related cognitive decline may occur through breakdown of prefrontal integrity via frontocerebellar networks. This is similar to frontosubcortical dysfunction in PD, which may result in similar cognitive changes. The present study compared cognitive profiles of patients with ET to PD and healthy controls (HC).

Method
Data was obtained through Baylor College of Medicine’s Neuropsychology Repository. 51 ET patients were compared to 190 PD patients and 189 age-matched HC. Group differences were assessed with one-way ANOVAs and post-hoc t-tests.

Results
ET performed worse than HC on multiple cognitive measures including executive functioning, processing speed, and memory. Largest effects were observed on Trailmaking B (p &lt; 0.001, d = 0.93) and Stroop Word Reading (p &lt; 0.001, d = 1.15). ET performed similarly to PD across most measures, although PD performed worse on Logical Memory I & II (p &lt; 0.001, d = 0.57), and Clock Drawing (p = 0.001, d = 0.49). Rates of mild cognitive impairment were similar in ET (45%) and PD (44%).

Conclusion(s)
Findings suggest cognitive deficits in ET occur in a similar pattern and at a similar rate as in PD. The findings are consistent with research exploring the phenotypic heterogeneity of ET and provide evidence against the prevailing belief that ET is monosymptomatic.
A - 97 Performance Variability in a Multitrial List-Learning Task in Differentiating between Fronto-Temporal Dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Normal Healthy Controls
Authors: Soomro Amal , Schwartz Eliezer , Michael Paul , Hantke Nathan , Qureshi Mubeena 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Alzheimer’s Disease (ad) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) are neurodegenerative diseases with differing cognitive profiles. This study explored word-list learning task performance differences between ad and FTD and from healthy older adults (NHC).

Method
This study utilized results of the CERAD-NAB Word List task, stored in a database by the OHSU Layton Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Center. Outpatient subjects (n = 2099), ages 56+ (M = 83.61; SD = 11.44), tested from 1989 to 2020, were included, diagnosed as “NHC,” “ad,” or “FTD.” Participants included 88.8% Caucasian, 9.8% Black, 1% Asian, and 0.3% Native. Inclusion criteria involve the CERAD-NAB Word List task and a diagnosis of “NHC”, “ad”, or “FTD” at their last visit. Exclusion criteria apply to participants without diagnoses including ‘NHC, “ad”, or “FTD”. A factorial analysis of variance was conducted to compare raw scores of each group’s performances on Trials 1, 2, 3, delayed, and recognition retention.

Results
There was a significant impaired learning variability in each trial with poor encoding in adults with ad when compared to FTD. In Trial 3, the difference in performance between the FTD group and the ad group was statistically different, suggesting better recall in the FTD group.

Conclusions
Findings suggest a similar pattern of encoding difficulties with individuals diagnosed with ad and FTD. The FTD groups were able to better recall the list following a delay as compared to the ad group. Combined investigation of cognitive and neurobehavioral symptoms coupled with clear patterns in verbal memory deficits could provide a more accurate approach for differentiating between ad and FTD.