bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic field-engineered optical nonlinearity in germanene nanotubes
Authors: Chegel Raad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The linear and nonlinear optical properties of germanene nanotubes (GeNTs) under the influence of magnetic fields are investigated through theoretical analysis. By employing a tight-binding model beyond the Dirac cone approximation, the electronic band structure, density of states, dipole matrix elements, and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities are calculated. The application of a magnetic field induces a Zeeman splitting of the energy levels, breaking the band degeneracy. Consequently, the dipole matrix elements exhibit a magnetic field dependence, altering the intensity and number of allowed transitions. In the infrared and ultraviolet energy regions, the linear optical absorption spectrum displays the splitting of peaks into dual neighboring peaks, with the splitting distance linearly dependent on the magnetic field strength. The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities,

χ

THG

(
3
)

(

3
ω

)

and

χ

IDIR

(
3
)

(
ω
)

, reveal the emergence of multiple resonance peaks in different energy regions due to two-photon and three-photon absorption processes. The magnetic field significantly influences the number, position, and height of these optical peaks, enabling effective control over the nonlinear optical response. By investigating the scaled energy (E/E_g) dependence, a universal behavior is observed for the three- and two photon resonance peaks, where their positions remain constant, but their peak intensities are significantly enhanced under the influence of the magnetic field. These findings demonstrate the potential of GeNTs as tunable nonlinear optical materials, with the magnetic field serving as an effective parameter for engineering their optical properties for various applications in optoelectronics, photonics, and related fields.
Neurophysiology of Pain, Depression, and Exogenous Opioids
Authors: Panjeton Geoffrey , Panjeton Hess Amir 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the intricate relationship between chronic pain and depression, particularly focusing on the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms connecting these comorbid conditions. Initially, the text highlights five hypotheses explaining the intertwined nature of pain and depression, with a deeper look into the common pathogenetic mechanisms hypothesis. This hypothesis emphasizes the shared neurophysiological pathways, primarily serotonin and norepinephrine. The text continues to describe the role of chronic opioid use in potentially exacerbating the link between pain and depression. It elaborates on the consequent neuroanatomical changes and the disruption of opioid receptors which may lead to emotional dysregulation, aberrant reward processing, and, eventually, depressive symptoms. Furthermore, it discusses how chronic opioid use impacts hedonic capacity, exacerbating the interplay between pain and depression. Finally, the text concludes by discussing the need for a more nuanced understanding of the underlying neurobiological interactions between pain and depression to better address these often comorbid conditions.
Corporations, Rivers, and Now Robots
Authors: Lewis Colin J , Kling Jennifer 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The question of the legal standing of robots is currently being worked out in legal systems worldwide through civil court cases. Are A.I.s subjects of the law or objects to be managed by the law? This subject-object binary is foundational to Western philosophy of law and underwrites both historical and contemporary legal oppression and anti-oppression movements. It also, among other things, leads philosophers to focus on the metaphysical question of robot personhood. This chapter argues that this is the wrong question to ask. A Confucian approach to the question encourages a focus on how to produce and maintain sociopolitical order and harmony in a world that contains active non-human entities rather than a focus on determining metaphysical status and subsequent legal subjecthood or objecthood. Instead of looking to the courts to solve the social and political conundrum that robots represent, societies should instead look to their sociomoral resources.
Justified Revolution in Contemporary American Democracy
Authors: Lewis Colin J , Kling Jennifer 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Theoretically, the political structure of ostensibly liberal democracies makes the question of revolution obsolete. In practice, this structure has failed to bring about democratic justice. Given structural, systemic failures of justice (which promise to be ongoing), it is worth asking when a revolution in the United States would be justified. Prominent theories of revolution in the Western tradition all have serious theoretical and practical problems. This chapter proposes a Confucian-inspired account of revolution that promises to provide criteria for engaging in revolution that avoid such problems. This relational, virtue-theoretic account of revolution enables consideration not only of the role of government, the quality of the ruler, and the status of the governed but also the nature of the relationship between the ruler and the governed. This account provides more, and better, resources for thinking through when a revolution would be justified in a contemporary liberal democracy like the United States.
Exploring a role for community pharmacists in the identification of alcohol-related liver disease: a qualitative interview study with professionals, patients, and the public
Authors: Smith Alexander , Buchanan Ryan M , Parkes Julie , Ibrahim Kinda 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
To explore the views and attitudes of professionals, patients and the public to a role for community pharmacists in the identification of alcohol-related liver disease (ArLD).

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of patients with ArLD, members of the public, pharmacy staff, and clinicians managing patients with ArLD across the Wessex region of south England. The interviews explored experiences of alcohol, ArLD and health advice in pharmacies and elicited views of what a pharmacist role in identifying ArLD could entail and factors influencing this. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
Twenty-six participants were interviewed and three themes were generated: (i) acknowledging, seeking help and engaging with a hidden problem; (ii) professional roles, boundaries and attributes; (iii) communication, relationships, collaboration and support. Participants reported key challenges to identifying people at-risk of ArLD. Offering testing for ArLD was perceived to motivate engagement but there were concerns about pharmacists performing this. A role was mostly seen to be finding people at-risk and engaging them with further care such as referral to liver services. This was perceived to require developing interprofessional collaborations, remuneration and training for pharmacy staff, and community-based liver testing.

Conclusions
Professionals, patient and public participants recognized a role for pharmacists in the identification of ArLD. This was envisaged to incorporate educating pharmacy users about ArLD risk, and identifying and directly engaging those at-risk with liver and support services through development of interprofessional collaborations. The findings of this study support and can inform future work to develop this role.
Influence Policing: Domestic Digital Influence Campaigns and Algorithmic Strategic Communications in UK Law Enforcement and Homeland Security
Authors: Horgan Shane , Collier Ben , Stewart James , Thomas Daniel R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper conceptualizes an emerging model of algorithmic policing; ‘influence policing’. This harnesses the affordances of Internet platforms to conduct domestic digital influence campaigns for crime prevention. These campaigns use sophisticated targeted messaging to directly ‘nudge’ behaviour and shape the culture of specific groups. By targeting people using micro-level behavioural, personal-interest and location-based data, influence campaigns aim to employ insights from behavioural psychology to prevent crime at a distance. We theorize this with an analysis of a dataset of more than 12,000 adverts and in-depth fieldwork with a dedicated police strategic communications team. Influence policing provides law enforcement with new capacities to craft and manicure hidden digital encounters with targeted publics, raising questions about its democratic character and police accountability.
Cardiac tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 7 mediates the ubiquitination of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 and aggravates cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Che Yan , Liu Yu-Ting , Wang Zhao-Peng , Feng Yi-Zhou , Xia Hong-Xia , Yuan Yuan , Zhou Heng , Qiu Hong-Liang , Hu Man-Li , Wang Sha-Sha , Tang Qi-Zhu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
Cardiac remodelling is a common pathophysiological process in the development of various cardiovascular diseases, but there is still a lack of effective interventions. Tumour necrosis receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7) belongs to the tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor family and plays an important role in biological processes. Previous studies have shown that TRAF7 mutations lead to congenital defects and malformations of the heart. However, the molecular mechanisms of TRAF7 in the underlying pathogenesis of pathological cardiac hypertrophy remain unknown. We aim to study the molecular mechanisms and effects of TRAF7 in cardiac remodelling and whether it has the potential to become a therapeutic target for cardiac remodelling.

Methods and results
The pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy model in mice was established via transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery, and cardiomyocytes were treated with phenylephrine (PE) to induce hypertrophic phenotype. Levels of cardiac dysfunction and remodelling were measured with echocardiography and tissue or cell staining. RNA sequencing, western blot, qRT–PCR, co-immunoprecipitation, and in vivo ubiquitination assays were used to explore the molecular mechanisms. The results showed that the expression of TRAF7 increased gradually during the development of hypertrophy. Accordingly, TRAF7 significantly exacerbated the PE-induced enlargement of primary neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat cardiomyocytes, whereas TRAF7 knockdown alleviated the hypertrophic phenotype in primary cardiomyocytes. Cardiac-specific overexpression of TRAF7 accelerated hypertrophic phenotype in mice and cardiac-specific Traf7 conditional knockout mice improved hypertrophic phenotype induced by TAC. Mechanistically, TRAF7 directly interacted with apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) and promoted ASK1 phosphorylation by mediating the K63-linked ubiquitination of ASK1 in response to PE stimulation, which then promoted ASK1 activation and downstream signalling during cardiac hypertrophy. Notably, the pro-hypertrophic effect of TRAF7 was largely blocked by GS4997 in vitro and cardiac-specific Ask1 conditional knockout in vivo.

Conclusion
In summary, we identified TRAF7 as an essential regulator during cardiac hypertrophy, and modulation of the regulatory axis between TRAF7 and ASK1 could be a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent this pathological process.
Chromosome-scale genome assembly of acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.)
Authors: Shirasawa Kenta , Harada Kazuhiko , Haramoto Noriaki , Aoki Hitoshi , Kammera Shota , Yamamoto Masashi , Nishizawa Yu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is a tropical evergreen shrub that produces vitamin C-rich fruits. Increasing fruit nutrition is one of the main targets of acerola breeding programs. Genomic tools have been shown to accelerate plant breeding even in fruiting tree species, which generally have a long-life cycle; however, the availability of genomic resources in acerola, so far, has been limited. In this study, as a first step toward developing an efficient breeding technology for acerola, we established a chromosome-scale genome assembly of acerola using high-fidelity long-read sequencing and genetic mapping. The resultant assembly comprises 10 chromosome-scale sequences that span a physical distance of 1,032.5 Mb and contain 35,892 predicted genes. Phylogenetic analysis of genome-wide SNPs in 60 acerola breeding materials revealed 3 distinct genetic groups. Overall, the genomic resource of acerola developed in this study, including its genome and gene sequences, genetic map, and phylogenetic relationship among breeding materials, will not only be useful for acerola breeding but will also facilitate genomic and genetic studies on acerola and related species.
Tumor thickness is associated with metastasis in patients with submucosal invasive adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction
Authors: Minakata Nobuhisa , Kadota Tomohiro , Sakashita Shingo , Inaba Atsushi , Sunakawa Hironori , Takashima Kenji , Nakajo Keiichiro , Murano Tatsuro , Shinmura Kensuke , Yoda Yusuke , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Fujita Takeo , Kinoshita Takahiro , Yano Tomonori 
Published: October 2024

Summary
In submucosal invasive adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (pT1b-SM AEG), the extent of tumor submucosal (SM) invasion is measured using the vertical depth of SM invasion with the muscularis mucosa. This study aimed to investigate whether tumor thickness and depth of invasion without accounting for muscularis mucosa were superior to the vertical depth of SM invasion as metastasis predictors. We enrolled patients with pT1b-SM AEG who underwent endoscopic resection or surgical resection (SR) at our institution between January 2011 and September 2019 and were followed up for ≥2 years. The relationship between metastasis and clinicopathological factors was examined. Metastasis was defined as pathologically confirmed lymph node metastasis in the surgical specimen or recurrence during follow-up. This study included 57 patients (44 men; median age, 72 years). Endoscopic resection and SR were performed in 16 and 41 patients, respectively. Nine patients were diagnosed with metastasis: five who underwent SR showed pathologically confirmed lymph node metastasis in the surgical specimens, and four experienced recurrences during a median follow-up of 48 months. Univariate analyses showed that tumor thickness was significantly associated with metastasis (P = 0.021), and the vertical depth of SM invasion (P = 0.48) and depth of invasion (P = 0.38) were not. Furthermore, in multivariate analysis, tumor thickness ≥2800 μm (odds ratio, 38.70; P = 0.013) was a significant predictor for metastasis. Tumor thickness may be a more convenient and useful predictor of metastasis in patients with pT1b-SM AEG than the vertical depth of SM invasion.
A review of the potential impacts of coastal mosquito control programs on Australian Stingless Bees (Apidae, Meliponini)—likely exposure pathways and lessons learned from studies on honey bees
Authors: Johnson Brian J , Hereward James P , Wilson Rachele , Furlong Michael J , Devine Gregor J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The impact of the programmatic use of larvicides for mosquito control on native stingless bees (e.g., Apidae, Meliponini) is a growing concern in Australia due to heightened conservation awareness and the growth of hobbyist stingless bee keeping. In Australia, the two most widely used mosquito larvicides are the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) and the insect hormone mimic methoprene (as S-methoprene). Each has a unique mode of action that could present a risk to stingless bees and other pollinators. Herein, we review the potential impacts of these larvicides on native Australian bees and conclude that their influence is mitigated by their low recommended field rates, poor environmental persistence, and the seasonal and intermittent nature of mosquito control applications. Moreover, evidence suggests that stingless bees may display a high physiological tolerance to Bti similar to that observed in honey bees (Apis mellifera), whose interactions with B. thuringiensis-based biopesticides are widely reported. In summary, neither Bti or methoprene is likely to pose a significant risk to the health of stingless bees or their nests. However, current knowledge is limited by regulatory testing requirements that only require the use of honey bees as toxicological models. To bridge this gap, we suggest that regulatory testing is expanded to include stingless bees and other nontarget insects. This is imperative for improving our understanding of the potential risks that these and other pesticides may pose to native pollinator conservation.
Risk factors and early outcomes associated with prolonged pleural effusion/chylothorax after paediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Dorobantu Dan M , Davis Peter , Brown Katherine , Ridout Deborah , Wellman Paul , Cassidy Jane , Pagel Christina , Rodrigues Warren , Stoica Serban C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Prolonged pleural effusion/chylothorax (PPE/C) is a less investigated complication following paediatric cardiac surgery, and its true incidence, risk factors and impact on postoperative outcomes are not well described. We aim to address these gaps in knowledge using data from a prospective, multicentre study.

METHODS
Data on 9 post-operative morbidities (unplanned reinterventions, extracorporeal life support, necrotising enterocolitis, PPE/C, renal replacement therapy, major adverse events, acute neurological events, feeding issues and postsurgical infection) were prospectively collected at 5 UK centres between 2015 and 2017, following paediatric cardiac surgery. Incidence of PPE/C, associations with procedure types, and risk factors were described. Mortality (30-day and 6-month) and hospital length of stay (HLoS) were compared between those with isolated PPE/C, single non-PPE/C morbidity, no morbidity, multimorbidity PPE/C and non-PPE/C multimorbidity.

RESULTS
A total of 3090 procedures (2861 patients) were included (median age, 228 days). There were 202 PPE/C (incidence of 6.5%), occurring at a median of 6 days postoperatively (interquartile range: 3–10). PPE/C was associated with excess early mortality only when complicating scenarios where at least 2 other post-operative morbidities occurred. On average PPE/C is associated with 8 more HLoS days, but the relative impact is greatest when comparing isolated PPE/C with no morbidity (P &lt; 0.001), whereas in multimorbidity scenarios, PPE/C does not significantly contribute to an increase of HLoS.

CONCLUSIONS
Addition of PPE/C increases mortality but not HLoS in multimorbidity and HLoS only in single morbidity scenarios. This reinforces the important role of prevention, early detection and management of PPE/C in complex situations.
Betablockers and clinical outcome after surgical aortic valve replacement: a report from the SWEDEHEART registry
Authors: Hansson Emma C , Martinsson Andreas , Baranowska Julia , Törngren Charlotta , Pan Emily , Björklund Erik , Karlsson Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Previous reports suggest that betablockers appear non-beneficial after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). This study aims to clarify the associations between betablockers and long-term outcome after SAVR.

METHODS
All patients with isolated SAVR due to aortic stenosis in Sweden between 2006 and 2020, alive at 6 months after surgery, were included. Patients were identified in the SWEDEHEART registry, and records were merged with data from 3 other mandatory national registries. Association between dispensed betablockers and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction and stroke) was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, with time-updated data on medication and adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities at baseline.

RESULTS
In total, 11 849 patients were included [median follow-up 5.4 years (range 0–13.5)]. Betablockers were prescribed to 79.7% of patients at baseline, decreasing to 62.2% after 5 years. Continuing treatment was associated with higher risk of MACE [adjusted hazard ratio 1.14 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.05–1.23)]. The association was consistent over subgroups based on age, sex and comorbidities except atrial fibrillation [hazard ratio (HR) 1.05 (95% CI 0.93–1.19)]. A sensitivity analysis including time-updated data on comorbidites attenuated the difference between the groups [HR 1.04 (95% CI 0.95–1.14, P = 0.33)].

CONCLUSIONS
Treatment with betablockers did not appear to be associated with inferior long-term outcome after SAVR, when adjusting for new concomitant diseases. Thus, it is likely that it is the underlying cardiac diseases that are associated with MACE rather than betablocker treatment.
Why do patients stay in hospital after enhanced recovery thoracoscopic wedge resection? A prospective observational study
Authors: Huang Lin , Kehlet Henrik , Petersen René Horsleben 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This single-centre prospective observational study aimed to investigate reasons for prolonged hospitalization [over the median length of stay (LOS)] after enhanced recovery thoracoscopic [ERAS 3-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)] wedge resection.

METHODS
All patients were evaluated twice-daily by an investigator for reasons of hospitalization. Each reason was analysed individually. Predictors for prolonged hospitalization were identified using a multivariable backward stepwise logistic regression model.

RESULTS
A total of 150 consecutive patients (lymphadenectomy 8.7%) were included from November 2022 to December 2023, with a median LOS of 1 (interquartile range 1–2) day. Of these, 55 patients (36.7%) experienced prolonged hospitalization. The main reasons included postoperative pain (16.0%), air leak (14.7%) and social factors (14.7%), followed by oxygen dependency (7.3%), gastrointestinal factors (5.3%), urinary factors (4.7%), pneumonia (1.3%), pleural effusion (1.3%), chylothorax (0.7%), atrial fibrillation (0.7%), confusion (0.7%) and fatigue (0.7%). Multivariable analysis revealed that an increase in the percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%pre) by 1% [odds ratio (OR) 0.41, P = 0.023) and percentage of predicted diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO%pre) by 1% (OR 0.95, P = 0.002) decreased likelihood of prolonged hospitalization. Conversely, each additional pack-year (OR 1.01, P = 0.028) and living alone (OR 3.55, P = 0.005) increased the risk of prolonged hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONS
Prolonged hospitalization (LOS &gt; 1 day) after ERAS 3-port VATS wedge resection, with 8.7% lymphadenectomy, was mainly due to pain, air leak and social factors. Smokers with decreased FEV1%pre or DLCO%pre and patient living alone were at increased risk.

Clinical trial registration number
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06118593 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06118593?cond=why%20in%20hospital&rank=2).