bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of coniferin in freeze-fixed stem of Ginkgo biloba L. by cryo-TOF-SIMS/SEM
Authors: Aoki Dan , Hanaya Yuto , Akita Takuya , Matsushita Yasuyuki , Yoshida Masato , Kuroda Katsushi , Yagami Sachie , Takama Ruka , Fukushima Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo clarify the role of coniferinin planta, semi-quantitative cellular distribution of coniferin in quick-frozenGinkgo biloba L. (ginkgo) was visualized by cryo time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (cryo-TOF-SIMS/SEM) analysis. The amount and rough distribution of coniferin were confirmed through quantitative chromatography measurement using serial tangential sections of the freeze-fixed ginkgo stem. The lignification stage of the sample was estimated using microscopic observations. Coniferin distribution visualized at the transverse and radial surfaces of freeze-fixed ginkgo stem suggested that coniferin is stored in the vacuoles and showed good agreement with the assimilation timing of coniferin to lignin in differentiating xylem. Consequently, it is suggested that coniferin is stored in the tracheid cells of differentiating xylem and is a lignin precursor.
Hydrodynamic theory of thermoelectric transport and negative magnetoresistance in Weyl semimetals
Authors: Lucas Andrew , Davison Richard A. , Sachdev Subir 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Weyl semimetals are exotic materials with negative electrical magnetoresistance: when an electric and magnetic field are applied in parallel, the induced electrical current increases upon increasing magnetic field strength. This is due to an emergent axial quantum anomaly in Weyl semimetals. We present a universal description of thermoelectric transport in weakly disordered Weyl semimetals where electron–electron interactions are faster than electron–impurity scattering. We predict negative thermal magnetoresistance: upon applying a parallel temperature gradient and magnetic field, the induced heat current increases with increasing magnetic field strength. This is caused by a distinct emergent quantum anomaly—the axial–gravitational anomaly. Measuring this effect may be the most practical route to experimentally observing this anomaly in any branch of physics.
Ultrapotent vinblastines in which added molecular complexity further disrupts the target tubulin dimer–dimer interface
Authors: Carney Daniel W. , Lukesh John C. , Brody Daniel M. , Brütsch Manuela M. , Boger Dale L. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Vinblastine is a clinical drug used in frontline combination therapies for treatment of cancer. It acts by inhibition of mitosis through binding tubulin and disrupting microtubule formation. Because of advances in its total synthesis, we report previously inaccessible and unusual modifications to vinblastine that improve potency a remarkable 100-fold. These ultrapotent vinblastines display much higher tubulin binding affinities and likely further disrupt the tubulin head-to-tail dimer–dimer interaction by strategic placement of an added rigid, extended group along the adjacent continuing protein–protein interface. Significantly, the ultrapotent vinblastines are accessible by chemical synthesis in three steps from commercially available materials (catharanthine, $16/g; vindoline, $36/g) based on newly introduced synthetic methodology and are inaccessible by natural product derivatization, late-stage functionalization, or biosynthetic methods.
LCA*: an entropy-based measure for taxonomic assignment within assembled metagenomes
Authors: Hanson Niels W. , Konwar Kishori M. , Hallam Steven J. 
Published: August 2016

Motivation: A perennial problem in the analysis of environmental sequence information is the assignment of reads or assembled sequences, e.g. contigs or scaffolds, to discrete taxonomic bins. In the absence of reference genomes for most environmental microorganisms, the use of intrinsic nucleotide patterns and phylogenetic anchors can improve assembly-dependent binning needed for more accurate taxonomic and functional annotation in communities of microorganisms, and assist in identifying mobile genetic elements or lateral gene transfer events.
Results: Here, we present a statistic called LCA* inspired by Information and Voting theories that uses the NCBI Taxonomic Database hierarchy to assign taxonomy to contigs assembled from environmental sequence information. The LCA* algorithm identifies a sufficiently strong majority on the hierarchy while minimizing entropy changes to the observed taxonomic distribution resulting in improved statistical properties. Moreover, we apply results from the order-statistic literature to formulate a likelihood-ratio hypothesis test and P-value for testing the supremacy of the assigned LCA* taxonomy. Using simulated and real-world datasets, we empirically demonstrate that voting-based methods, majority vote and LCA*, in the presence of known reference annotations, are consistently more accurate in identifying contig taxonomy than the lowest common ancestor algorithm popularized by MEGAN, and that LCA* taxonomy strikes a balance between specificity and confidence to provide an estimate appropriate to the available information in the data.
Availability and Implementation: The LCA* has been implemented as a stand-alone Python library compatible with the MetaPathways pipeline; both of which are available on GitHub with installation instructions and use-cases (http://www.github.com/hallamlab/LCAStar/).
Contact: shallam@mail.ubc.ca
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Executive Summary: Management of Adults With Hospital-acquired and
Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: 2016 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious
Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society
Authors: Kalil Andre C. , Metersky Mark L. , Klompas Michael , Muscedere John , Sweeney Daniel A. , Palmer Lucy B. , Napolitano Lena M. , O'Grady Naomi P. , Bartlett John G. , Carratalà Jordi , El Solh Ali A. , Ewig Santiago , Fey Paul D. , File Thomas M. , Restrepo Marcos I. , Roberts Jason A. , Waterer Grant W. , Cruse Peggy , Knight Shandra L. , Brozek Jan L. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
It is important to realize that guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended to supplant physician judgment with respect to particular patients or special clinical situations. IDSA considers adherence to these guidelines to be voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding their application to be made by the physician in the light of each patient's individual circumstances.
These guidelines are intended for use by healthcare professionals who care for patients at risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), including specialists in infectious diseases, pulmonary diseases, critical care, and surgeons, anesthesiologists, hospitalists, and any clinicians and healthcare providers caring for hospitalized patients with nosocomial pneumonia. The panel's recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of HAP and VAP are based upon evidence derived from topic-specific systematic literature reviews.
Automation bias and verification complexity: a systematic review
Authors: Lyell David , Coiera Enrico 
Published: August 2016

Introduction: While potentially reducing decision errors, decision support systems can introduce new types of errors. Automation bias (AB) happens when users become overreliant on decision support, which reduces vigilance in information seeking and processing. Most research originates from the human factors literature, where the prevailing view is that AB occurs only in multitasking environments.
Objectives: This review seeks to compare the human factors and health care literature, focusing on the apparent association of AB with multitasking and task complexity.
Data sources: EMBASE, Medline, Compendex, Inspec, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Business Source Premiere from 1983 to 2015.
Study selection: Evaluation studies where task execution was assisted by automation and resulted in errors were included. Participants needed to be able to verify automation correctness and perform the task manually.
Methods: Tasks were identified and grouped. Task and automation type and presence of multitasking were noted. Each task was rated for its verification complexity.
Results: Of 890 papers identified, 40 met the inclusion criteria; 6 were in health care. Contrary to the prevailing human factors view, AB was found in single tasks, typically involving diagnosis rather than monitoring, and with high verification complexity.
Limitations: The literature is fragmented, with large discrepancies in how AB is reported. Few studies reported the statistical significance of AB compared to a control condition.
Conclusion: AB appears to be associated with the degree of cognitive load experienced in decision tasks, and appears to not be uniquely associated with multitasking. Strategies to minimize AB might focus on cognitive load reduction.
Cluster Analysis of an International Pressure Pain Threshold Database Identifies 4 Meaningful Subgroups of Adults With Mechanical Neck Pain
Authors: Walton David M. , Kwok Timothy S.H. , Mehta Swati , Loh Eldon , Smith Ashley , Elliott James , Kamper Steven J. , Kasch Helge , Sterling Michele 
Published: August 2016

Objective:
To determine pressure pain detection threshold (PPDT) related phenotypes of individuals with mechanical neck pain that may be identifiable in clinical practice.

Methods:
This report describes a secondary analysis of 5 independent, international mechanical neck pain databases of PPDT values taken at both a local and distal region (total N=1176). Minor systematic differences in mean PPDT values across cohorts necessitated z-transformation before analysis, and each cohort was split into male and female sexes. Latent profile analysis (LPA) using the k-means approach was undertaken to identify the most parsimonious set of PPDT-based phenotypes that were both statistically and clinically meaningful.

Results:
LPA revealed 4 distinct clusters named according to PPDT levels at the local and distal zones: low-low PPDT (67%), mod-mod (25%), mod-high (4%), and high-high (4%). Secondary predictor variables were evaluated for intracluster and cross-cluster significance. Low-low cluster was most affected, as indicated by pain intensity, disability, and catastrophization scores all significantly above the cohort-specific and sex-specific mean, and active range of motion scores significantly below the mean.

Discussion:
The results suggest that there are a large proportion of people with neck pain that present with signs indicating dysfunction beyond the local tissues. Ongoing exploration of these presentations may lead to more informed management and improved outcomes.
The Mediating Role of Pain Acceptance in the Relation Between Perceived Injustice and Chronic Pain Outcomes in a Community Sample
Authors: Martel Marie-Eve , Dionne Frédérick , Scott Whitney 
Published: August 2016

Objective:
Perceived injustice has been defined as an appraisal regarding the severity and irreparability of loss associated with pain, blame, and a sense of unfairness. Recent findings suggest that perceived injustice is an important risk factor for elevated disability associated with chronic pain. However, the mechanisms by which this perception leads to disability are not well understood. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the mediating role of pain acceptance on the relation between perceived injustice and chronic pain outcomes (pain intensity, pain-related disability, and psychological distress).

Method:
This cross-sectional study used a sample of 475 individuals from the community who report chronic pain. Participants completed the Injustice Experience Questionnaire, the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, a pain rating intensity scale, the Modified Brief Pain Inventory, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Results:
Results revealed significant direct links from perceived injustice to pain intensity (c′=0.416, P<0.001), disability (c′=0.891, P<0.001), and distress (c′=0.261, P<0.001), as well as indirect links from perceived injustice through acceptance of pain to pain disability (ab=0.512, P<0.001, confidence interval, 0.390-0.635) and psychological distress (ab=0.106, P<0.001, confidence interval, 0.077-0.136).

Discussion:
Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed along with future research directions.
Carbon Monoxide Improves Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells During Sepsis by Production of Specialized Proresolving Lipid Mediators*
Authors: Tsoyi Konstantin , Hall Sean R. R. , Dalli Jesmond , Colas Romain A. , Ghanta Sailaja , Ith Bonna , Coronata Anna , Fredenburgh Laura E. , Baron Rebecca M. , Choi Augustine M. K. , Serhan Charles N. , Liu Xiaoli , Perrella Mark A. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives:
Mesenchymal stromal cells are being investigated as a cell-based therapy for a number of disease processes, with promising results in animal models of systemic inflammation and sepsis. Studies are ongoing to determine ways to further improve the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells. A gas molecule that improves outcome in experimental sepsis is carbon monoxide. We hypothesized that preconditioning of mesenchymal stromal cells with carbon monoxide ex vivo would promote further therapeutic benefit when cells are administered in vivo after the onset of polymicrobial sepsis in mice.

Design:
Animal study and primary cell culture.

Setting:
Laboratory investigation.

Subjects:
BALB/c mice.

Interventions:
Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Mesenchymal stromal cells, mesenchymal stromal cells-conditioned with carbon monoxide, fibroblasts, or fibroblasts-conditioned with carbon monoxide were delivered by tail vein injections to septic mice. The mice were assessed for survival, bacterial clearance, and the inflammatory response during sepsis in each of the groups. Mesenchymal stromal cells were also assessed for their ability to promote bacterial phagocytosis by neutrophils, the production of specialized proresolving lipid mediators, and their importance for mesenchymal stromal cells function using gene silencing.

Measurements and Main Results:
Ex vivo preconditioning with carbon monoxide allowed mesenchymal stromal cells to be administered later after the onset of sepsis (6 hr), and yet maintain their therapeutic effect with increased survival. Carbon monoxide preconditioned mesenchymal stromal cells were also able to alleviate organ injury, improve bacterial clearance, and promote the resolution of inflammation. Mesenchymal stromal cells exposed to carbon monoxide, with docosahexaenoic acid substrate, produced specialized proresolving lipid mediators, particularly D-series resolvins, which promoted survival. Silencing of lipoxygenase pathways (5-lipoxygenase and 12/15-lipoxygenase), which are important enzymes for specialized proresolving lipid mediator biosynthesis, resulted in a loss of therapeutic benefit bestowed on mesenchymal stromal cells by carbon monoxide.

Conclusions:
Taken together, these data suggest that production of specialized proresolving lipid mediators contribute to improved mesenchymal stromal cell efficacy when exposed to carbon monoxide, resulting in an improved therapeutic response during sepsis.
XAV939 Inhibits Intima Formation by Decreasing Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration Through Blocking Wnt Signaling
Authors: Chen Luoman , Zhuang Jianhui , Singh Shekhar , Wang Kai , Xiong Mengting , Xu Dachun , Chen Wei , Pang Jinjiang , Xu Yawei , Li Xiankai 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Excessive proliferation, migration, and oxidative stress of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are key mechanisms involved in intima formation, which is the basic pathological process of in stent restenosis. This study aims at exploring the role of XAV939 in proliferation, migration, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of VSMCs, and hence evaluating its effects on intima formation.

Methods:
Carotid artery ligation models for C57BL/6 mice were established and gave them different intervention: saline, XAV939, Axin2 overexpression adenovirus, and negative control adenovirus. The intima formation was assayed by intima area and intima/media ratio. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, primary rat VSMCs were cultured and treated with XAV939 and platelet-derived growth factor-BB. EdU, direct cell counting, cell wound–healing assay, and flow cytometry were used to measure proliferation, migration, cell cycle, apoptosis, and ROS generation of VSMCs, respectively. By Western blot, we examined proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, p21, β-actin, JNK, phosphorylated JNK, Axin2 and β-catenin expression. Immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy were conducted to detect translocation of β-catenin.

Results:
XAV939 inhibited intima formation, which was exhibited by the loss of intima area and I/M ratio and attenuated proliferation, migration, and ROS generation, as well as promoted cell cycle arrest of VSMCs. Specifically, XAV939 inhibited Wnt pathway.

Conclusions:
XAV939 attenuates intima formation because of its inhibition of proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of VSMCs through suppression of Wnt signaling pathway.
Exploring the basic science of prolapse meshes
Authors: Liang Rui , Knight Katrina , Abramowitch Steve , Moalli Pamela A. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose of review
Polypropylene mesh has been widely used in the surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse. However, low but persistent rates of complications related to mesh, most commonly mesh exposure and pain, have hampered its use. Complications are higher following transvaginal implantation prompting the Food and Drug Administration to release two public health notifications warning of complications associated with transvaginal mesh use (PHN 2008 and 2011) and to upclassify transvaginal prolapse meshes from Class II to Class III devices. Although there have been numerous studies to determine the incidence and management of mesh complications as well as impact on quality of life, few studies have focused on mechanisms.

Recent findings
In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how mesh textile properties and mechanical behavior impact vaginal structure and function, as well as the local immune response. We also discuss how mesh properties change in response to loading.

Summary
We highlight a few areas of current and future research to emphasize collaborative strategies that incorporate basic science research to improve patient outcomes.
Systematic review with meta-analysis of childhood and adolescent risk and prognostic factors for musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Huguet Anna , Tougas Michelle E. , Hayden Jill , McGrath Patrick J. , Stinson Jennifer N. , Chambers Christine T. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A variety of factors may be involved in the development and course of musculoskeletal (MSK) pain. We undertook a systematic review with meta-analysis to synthesize and evaluate the quality of evidence about childhood and adolescent factors associated with onset and persistence of MSK pain, and its related disability. Studies were identified from searches of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science), references of included studies, and the Pediatric Pain mail list. Two independent reviewers assessed study inclusion, completed data extraction, and evaluated the quality of evidence using a modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Thirty-six studies reporting on 21 cohorts were included. These studies examined 65 potential risk factors for onset of MSK pain and 43 potential prognosis factors for persistence of MSK pain. No study was identified that examined prognostic factors for MSK pain–related disability. High-quality evidence suggests that low socioeconomic status is a risk factor for onset of MSK pain in studies exploring long-term follow-up. Moderate-quality evidence suggests that negative emotional symptoms and regularly smoking in childhood or adolescence may be associated with later MSK pain. However, moderate-quality evidence also suggests that high body mass index, taller height, and having joint hypermobility are not risk factors for onset of MSK pain. We found other risk and prognostic factors explored were associated with low or very low quality of evidence. Additional well-conducted primary studies are needed to increase confidence in the available evidence, and to explore new childhood risk and prognostic factors for MSK pain.
Use of the SF-36v2 Health Survey as a Screen for Risk of Major Depressive Disorder in a US Population-based Sample and Subgroup With Chronic Pain
Authors: Bell Jill A. , daCosta DiBonaventura Marco , Witt Edward A. , Ben-Joseph Rami , Reeve Bryce B. 
Published: August 2016

Study Objectives:
To assess the feasibility of using the SF-36v2 mental health (MH) and mental component summary (MCS) scores for classification of risk for major depressive disorder (MDD), and to determine cut-off scores based on the sensitivity and specificity in a general US representative sample, and a chronic pain subpopulation.

Methods:
Data were analyzed from the 2013 US National Health and Wellness Survey (adults 18 y old and above; N=75,000), and among a chronic pain subpopulation (n=6679). Risk of MDD was a score ≥10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Logistic regression modeling was used to predict at risk for MDD and receiver operating characteristic curves were produced.

Results:
The total sample had MH scores of 48.8 and MCS scores of 48.9, similar to the normative US population mean. Percent of respondents with a PHQ-9≥10 were 15.0% and 29.1% for the total sample and chronic pain subpopulation, respectively. Cut-off scores (PHQ-9≥10) in the total sample for the MH and MCS were 43.0 and 46.0, respectively. Specificities for the MH and MCS were 77.8% and 76.1%; sensitivities were 84.9% and 88.1%, respectively. Among the subpopulation with chronic pain, cut-off scores for the MH and MCS were 40.4 and 43.1, respectively. Corresponding specificities for the MH and MCS were 77.9% and 73.9%; sensitivities were 78.3% and 83.4%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The SF-36v2 was found to have sufficient specificity and sensitivity to categorize participants at risk for MDD. If no depression questionnaire is available, it is feasible to use the SF-36v2 to characterize the MH of populations.