bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Power Nonvolatile Charge Storage Memory Based on MoS2 and an Ultrathin Polymer Tunneling Dielectric
Authors: Woo Myung Hun , Jang Byung Chul , Choi Junhwan , Lee Khang June , Shin Gwang Hyuk , Seong Hyejeong , Im Sung Gap , Choi Sung‐Yool 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLow‐power, nonvolatile memory is an essential electronic component to store and process the unprecedented data flood arising from the oncoming Internet of Things era. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a 2D material that is increasingly regarded as a promising semiconductor material in electronic device applications because of its unique physical characteristics. However, dielectric formation of an ultrathin low‐k tunneling on the dangling bond‐free surface of MoS2 is a challenging task. Here, MoS2‐based low‐power nonvolatile charge storage memory devices are reported with a poly(1,3,5‐trimethyl‐1,3,5‐trivinyl cyclotrisiloxane) (pV3D3) tunneling dielectric layer formed via a solvent‐free initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) process. The surface‐growing polymerization and low‐temperature nature of the iCVD process enable the conformal growing of low‐k (≈2.2) pV3D3 insulating films on MoS2. The fabricated memory devices exhibit a tunable memory window with high on/off ratio (≈106), excellent retention times of 105 s with an extrapolated time of possibly years, and an excellent cycling endurance of more than 103 cycles, which are much higher than those reported previously for MoS2‐based memory devices. By leveraging the inherent flexibility of both MoS2 and polymer dielectric films, this research presents an important milestone in the development of low‐power flexible nonvolatile memory devices.
Electrically and Sunlight‐Driven Actuator with Versatile Biomimetic Motions Based on Rolled Carbon Nanotube Bilayer Composite
Authors: Hu Ying , Liu Jiaqin , Chang Longfei , Yang Lulu , Xu Aifeng , Qi Ke , Lu Pin , Wu Guan , Chen Wei , Wu Yucheng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDesigning multistimuli responsive soft actuators which can mimic advanced and sophisticated biological movements through simple configuration is highly demanded for the biomimetic robotics application. Here, inspired by the human's flick finger behavior which can release large force output, a soft jumping robot mimicking the gymnast's somersault is designed based on the rolled carbon nanotube/polymer bilayer composite actuator. This new type of rolled bilayer actuator with tubular shape is fabricated and shows electrically and sunlight‐induced actuation with remarkable performances including ultralarge deformation from tubular to flat (angel change >200° or curvature >2 cm−1), fast response (<5 s), and low actuation voltage (≤10 V). Besides jumping, the uniquely reversible rolling–unrolling actuation can lead to other smart soft robots with versatile complex biomimetic motions, including light‐induced tumbler with cyclic wobbling, electrically/light‐induced crawling‐type walking robots and grippers, electrically induced mouth movement, and ambient‐sunlight‐induced blooming of a biomimetic flower. These results open the way for using one simple type of actuator structure for the construction of various soft robots and devices toward practical biomimetic applications.
On‐Demand Reconfiguration of Nanomaterials: When Electronics Meets Ionics
Authors: Lee Jihang , Lu Wei D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRapid advances in the semiconductor industry, driven largely by device scaling, are now approaching fundamental physical limits and face severe power, performance, and cost constraints. Multifunctional materials and devices may lead to a paradigm shift toward new, intelligent, and efficient computing systems, and are being extensively studied. Herein examines how, by controlling the internal ion distribution in a solid‐state film, a material's chemical composition and physical properties can be reversibly reconfigured using an applied electric field, at room temperature and after device fabrication. Reconfigurability is observed in a wide range of materials, including commonly used dielectric films, and has led to the development of new device concepts such as resistive random‐access memory. Physical reconfigurability further allows memory and logic operations to be merged in the same device for efficient in‐memory computing and neuromorphic computing systems. By directly changing the chemical composition of the material, coupled electrical, optical, and magnetic effects can also be obtained. A survey of recent fundamental material and device studies that reveal the dynamic ionic processes is included, along with discussions on systematic modeling efforts, device and material challenges, and future research directions.
Autonomous Ex Novo Chemical Assembly with Blebbing and Division of Functional Polymer Vesicles from a “Homogeneous Mixture”
Authors: Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad , Perez‐Mercader Juan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe chemical energy and radicals from an oscillating chemical reaction are used to synthesize a polymer vesicle from a homogeneous solution of monomeric units. Periodically formed radicals from the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (B–Z) reaction initiate radical polymerization between a polyethylene glycol based chain transfer agent (PEG‐CTA) and hydrophilic acrylonitrile monomers in water. The growth of a hydrophobic chain on the hydrophilic PEG chain induces self‐assembly of polymeric amphiphiles to form micrometer‐sized vesicles entrapping an active oscillating B–Z reaction. In our experimental conditions, the different chemical environments inside and outside the vesicles contribute to enlarge the area and diameter of the resulting self‐assembled vesicles and, in some cases, promote blebbing and division.
A Twisted Thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐Based Electron Acceptor Featuring a 14‐π‐Electron Indenoindene Core for High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Xu Sheng jie , Zhou Zichun , Liu Wuyue , Zhang Zhongbo , Liu Feng , Yan Hongping , Zhu Xiaozhang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWith an indenoindene core, a new thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐based small‐molecule electron acceptor, 2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐((6,6′‐(5,5,10,10‐tetrakis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐5,10‐dihydroindeno[2,1‐a]indene‐2,7‐diyl)bis(2‐octylthieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐6,4‐diyl))bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile (NITI), is successfully designed and synthesized. Compared with 12‐π‐electron fluorene, a carbon‐bridged biphenylene with an axial symmetry, indenoindene, a carbon‐bridged E‐stilbene with a centrosymmetry, shows elongated π‐conjugation with 14 π‐electrons and one more sp3 carbon bridge, which may increase the tunability of electronic structure and film morphology. Despite its twisted molecular framework, NITI shows a low optical bandgap of 1.49 eV in thin film and a high molar extinction coefficient of 1.90 × 105m−1 cm−1 in solution. By matching NITI with a large‐bandgap polymer donor, an extraordinary power conversion efficiency of 12.74% is achieved, which is among the best performance so far reported for fullerene‐free organic photovoltaics and is inspiring for the design of new electron acceptors.
Deposition Dependent Ion Transport in Doped Conjugated Polymer Films: Insights for Creating High‐Performance Electrochemical Devices
Authors: Zhang Lushuai , Andrew Trisha L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCharge conduction and redox events in films of doped conjugated polymers are necessarily accompanied by counterion transport. However, insights into how deposition conditions affect ion transport in a structurally diverse set of doped conjugated polymer films and across a polymer/electrolyte interface have not been gathered. Here, cyclic voltammetry and electrogravimetry measurements are used to probe solvent and ion transport across a doped conjugated polymer/electrolyte interface. A representative polymer, p‐doped poly(3,4‐ethlyenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), obtained using two different deposition methods, vapor phase polymerization (VPP) and oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD), is studied. PEDOT films obtained via VPP and oCVD display dissimilar morphologies at the micro‐ and nanometer length scales, resulting in significantly differing swelling behavior, mass trapping, and ion transport upon exposure to a periodic applied potential. PEDOT films obtained using oCVD display notable permselectivity and near‐ideal mass transport during repeated doping/dedoping cycles in various electrolytes, indicating that these films are robust electroactive materials. This study underlines the extent to which film deposition conditions affect ion transport across polymer/electrolyte interfaces and provides insights into optimal film forming conditions for high‐performance supercapacitors and electrochemical transistors.
The effect of relaxation on the deformation of iPP fiber due to creep process
Authors: Sokkar Taha Zaki Nabawy , El‐Farahaty Kermal Ahmed , Raslan Mohammed Ibrahim , El‐Khateep Samar Maher , Hamza Ahmed Amin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this article, we aim to investigate the effect of relaxation processes on isotactic polypropylene filaments, that is stress relaxation and creep relaxation. In addition, variations of the fiber diameter during creep and relaxation are investigated using laser diffraction technique. Double‐image multiple‐beam technique and Pluta polarizing interference microscope are used to study the influence of relaxation on necking propagation. Micrographs and interference patterns are given for illustration.
Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications Based on 2D Novel Anisotropic Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Gong Chuanhui , Zhang Yuxi , Chen Wei , Chu Junwei , Lei Tianyu , Pu Junru , Dai Liping , Wu Chunyang , Cheng Yuhua , Zhai Tianyou , Li Liang , Xiong Jie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWith the continuous exploration of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), novel high‐performance devices based on the remarkable electronic and optoelectronic natures of 2D TMDs are increasingly emerging. As fresh blood of 2D TMD family, anisotropic MTe2 and ReX2 (M = Mo, W, and X = S, Se) have drawn increasing attention owing to their low‐symmetry structures and charming properties of mechanics, electronics, and optoelectronics, which are suitable for the applications of field‐effect transistors (FETs), photodetectors, thermoelectric and piezoelectric applications, especially catering to anisotropic devices. Herein, a comprehensive review is introduced, concentrating on their recent progresses and various applications in recent years. First, the crystalline structure and the origin of the strong anisotropy characterized by various techniques are discussed. Specifically, the preparation of these 2D materials is presented and various growth methods are summarized. Then, high‐performance applications of these anisotropic TMDs, including FETs, photodetectors, and thermoelectric and piezoelectric applications are discussed. Finally, the conclusion and outlook of these applications are proposed.
Tuning of Catalytic Activity by Thermoelectric Materials for Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation
Authors: Achour Abdenour , Chen Kan , Reece Michael J. , Huang Zhaorong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn innovative use of a thermoelectric material (BiCuSeO) as a support and promoter of catalysis for CO2 hydrogenation is reported here. It is proposed that the capability of thermoelectric materials to shift the Fermi level and work function of a catalyst lead to an exponential increase of catalytic activity for catalyst particles deposited on its surface. Experimental results show that the CO2 conversion and CO selectivity are increased significantly by a thermoelectric Seebeck voltage. This suggests that the thermoelectric effect can not only increase the reaction rate but also change chemical equilibrium, which leads to the change of thermodynamic equilibrium for the conversion of CO2 in its hydrogenation reactions. It is also shown that this thermoelectric promotion of catalysis enables BiCuSeO oxide itself to have a high catalytic activity for CO2 hydrogenation. The generic nature of the mechanism suggests the possibility that many catalytic chemical reactions can be tuned in situ to achieve much higher reaction rates, or at lower temperatures, or have better desired selectivity through changing the backside temperature of the thermoelectric support.
A 4 V Na+ Intercalation Material in a New Na‐Ion Cathode Family
Authors: Kim Se Young , Kundu Dipan , Nazar Linda F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLarge‐scale electrochemical energy storage is a critical factor in the development of renewable energy sources to enable their intermittent power to become dispatchable. In this context, Na‐ion batteries are seen as promising alternatives to Li‐ion batteries, but their advancement requires the discovery of new materials, their electrochemical properties, and a better understanding of structure–property relationships that underpin the electrochemistry. This study presents a new class of Na+ insertion materials for Na‐ion batteries. By virtue of its moderately inductive polyanionic framework, the air and moisture stable selenite Na2Co2(SeO3)3 displays a highly suitable redox potential of ≈ 4 V versus Na/Na+ based on the Co2+/Co3+ couple, rendering it compatible with conventional liquid organic electrolytes. A microwave hydrothermal synthesis route is developed for the rapid synthesis of nanostructured Na2Co2(SeO3)3 and its conductive graphene oxide composite. The electrochemistry and structural evolution of Na2Co2(SeO3)3 determined on cycling the cathode in a Na battery was investigated by operando X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements. These studies reveal good structural and electrochemical reversibility.
Improved prognosis with additional medium‐dose VP16 to CY/TBI in allogeneic transplantation for high risk ALL in adults
Authors: Arai Yasuyuki , Kondo Tadakazu , Shigematsu Akio , Tanaka Junji , Ohashi Kazuteru , Fukuda Takahiro , Hidaka Michihiro , Kobayashi Naoki , Iwato Koji , Sakura Toru , Onizuka Makoto , Ozawa Yukiyasu , Eto Tetsuya , Kurokawa Mineo , Kahata Kaoru , Uchida Naoyuki , Atsuta Yoshiko , Mizuta Shuichi , Kako Shinichi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with the conventional cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation (CY/TBI) regimen is an essential therapeutic strategy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adults. Medium‐dose etoposide (VP16, 30‐40 mg/kg) can be added to intensify this CY/TBI regimen and reduce relapse; however, differences in prognosis between the VP16/CY/TBI and CY/TBI regimens have not yet been fully analyzed. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a Japanese transplant registry database to compare the prognosis between the VP16/CY/TBI (VP16, total 30‐40 mg/kg) (N = 376) and CY/TBI (N = 1178) regimens in adult patients with ALL transplanted at complete remission (CR) between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2014. Our analyses indicated that VP16/CY/TBI significantly reduced relapse compared with CY/TBI (risk ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56‐1.00; P = .05) with a corresponding improvement in leukemia‐free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; 95%CI, 0.62‐0.93; P = .01), particularly in patients transplanted at CR1 with advanced‐risk (positive minimal residual disease, presence of poor‐risk cytogenetics, or an initial elevated leukocyte count) (HR, 0.75; 95%CI, 0.56‐1.00; P = .05) or those transplanted beyond CR2 (HR, 0.58; 95%CI, 0.39‐0.88; P = .01). The addition of VP16 did not increase post‐transplant complications or nonrelapse mortality (HR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.65‐1.18; P = .38). This study is the first to reveal the efficacy of the addition of medium‐dose VP16 to CY/TBI in high‐risk ALL. To establish new myeloablative conditioning regimens including VP16, a large‐scale prospective study is necessary.
The cost of reproduction in women: Reproductive effort and oxidative stress in premenopausal and postmenopausal American women
Authors: Ziomkiewicz Anna , Frumkin Amara , Zhang Yawei , Sancilio Amelia , Bribiescas Richard G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesLife history theory predicts a trade‐off between female investment in reproduction and somatic maintenance, which can result in accelerated senescence. Oxidative stress has been shown to be a causal physiological mechanism for accelerated aging and a possible contributor to this trade‐off. We aimed to test the hypothesis for the existence of significant associations between measures of reproductive effort and the level of oxidative stress biomarkers in premenopausal and postmenopausal American women.MethodsSerum samples and questionnaire data were collected from 63 premenopausal and postmenopausal women (mean age 53.4 years), controls in the Connecticut Thyroid Health Study, between May 2010 and December 2013. Samples were analyzed for levels of 8‐OHdG and Cu/Zn‐SOD using immunoassay method.ResultsLevels of oxidative damage (8‐OHdG) but not oxidative defense (Cu/Zn‐SOD) were negatively associated with parity and number of sons in premenopausal women (r = −0.52 for parity, r = −0.52 for number of sons, P < .01). Together, measures of reproductive effort, women's BMI, age, and menopausal status explained around 15% of variance in level of 8‐OHdG. No association between reproductive effort characteristics and oxidative damage was found for postmenopausal women.ConclusionsWe found no evidence of a trade‐off between somatic maintenance as measured by 8‐OHdG and reproductive effort in women from this American population. On the contrary, higher gravidity and parity in premenopausal women was associated with lower damage to cellular DNA caused by oxidative stress. These results highlight the importance of population variation and environmental conditions when testing the occurrence of life‐history trade‐offs.
Unexpected One‐Pot Synthesis of Diindolotriazatruxene: A Planar Electron‐Rich Scaffold Toward Highly π‐Extended PAHs
Authors: Li Xiangchun , Wang Chunyu , Xue Yibo , Meng Cheng , Lai Wen‐Yong , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA unique planar and highly π‐extended scaffold, 3,8,14,19‐tetrabromo‐diindolotriazatruxene (4Br‐DIT), was synthesized via a facile one‐pot strategy. The structure of 4Br‐DIT was adequately verified by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR, and single‐crystal XRD analysis. A combination of thermal, optical, and electrochemical investigation confirmed the electron‐rich characteristics of the resulting diindolotriazatruxene unit, showing promise as a building block to construct highly π‐extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
A newborn infant chimpanzee snatched and cannibalized immediately after birth: Implications for “maternity leave” in wild chimpanzee
Authors: Nishie Hitonaru , Nakamura Michio 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study reports on the first observed case of a wild chimpanzee infant being snatched immediately after delivery and consequently cannibalized by an adult male in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. We demonstrate “maternity leave” from long‐term data from the Mahale M group and suggest that it functions as a possible counterstrategy of mother chimpanzees against the risk of infanticide soon after delivery.Materials and methodsThe subjects of this study were the M group chimpanzees at Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. The case of cannibalism was observed on December 2, 2014. We used the long‐term daily attendance record of the M group chimpanzees between 1990 and 2010 to calculate the lengths of “maternity leave,” a perinatal period during which a mother chimpanzee tends to hide herself and gives birth alone.ResultsWe observed a very rare case of delivery in a wild chimpanzee group. A female chimpanzee gave birth in front of other members, and an adult male snatched and cannibalized the newborn infant immediately after birth. Using the long‐term data, we demonstrate that the length of “maternity leave” is longer than that of nonmaternity leave among adult and adolescent female chimpanzees.DiscussionWe argue that this cannibalism event immediately after birth occurred due to the complete lack of “maternity leave” of the mother chimpanzee of the victim, who might lack enough experience of delivery. We suggest that “maternity leave” taken by expecting mothers may function as a possible counterstrategy against infanticide soon after delivery.
Trends in sinusitis research: a systematic review of extramural funding
Authors: Levy Joshua M. , Smith Stephanie Shintani , Varshney Rickul , Chang Eugene H. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Ting Jonathan Y. , Bleier Benjamin S. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundInnovation represents a core value of the American Rhinologic Society (ARS), with multiple efforts to promote research in the advancement rhinologic care. We therefore sought to identify trends in extramural sinusitis funding and underutilized sources of support to facilitate future efforts.MethodsA systematic review of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Research Portfolio Online Tools (RePORTER) database (fiscal year 1993 to 2017) was completed with the search strategy: (“chronic sinusitis” OR rhinosinusitis). All identified studies were accepted for review, with comparison to ARS membership rolls to identify studies supported by ARS investigators. Foundation awards were surveyed to identify and characterize additional sources of support.ResultsThe systematic review identified 958 projects receiving NIH funding, of which 120 remain active. The percentage of sinusitis‐related awards and total funding relative to all NIH awards increased over the past 10 years (2006 to 2016) from 0.06% (8 / 9128) and 0.09% ($2,151,152 / $3,358,338,602) to 0.87% (86 / 9540) and 0.90% ($37,201,095 / $4,300,145,614). Among active studies, 9 investigators maintain membership in the ARS and serve as principal investigator or project leader in 12 (10%) studies. ARS investigators received the greatest number of awards from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disrders (n = 8,66.7%), while only receiving 2.2% of awarded funding from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ($607,500/$26,873,022), the largest source of awards for sinusitis research.ConclusionSupport for sinusitis research is significantly growing, with the largest source of active funding not being fully utilized by members of the ARS. Further efforts to promote funding priorities among extramural sources is necessary to facilitate increased funding for ARS member initiatives.
Polycyclische, polyprenylierte Acylphloroglucinole – eine Klasse nicht‐peptidbasierter MRSA‐ und VRE‐aktiver Antibiotika
Authors: Guttroff Claudia , Baykal Aslihan , Wang Huanhuan , Popella Peter , Kraus Frank , Biber Nicole , Krauss Sophia , Götz Friedrich , Plietker Bernd 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn den vergangenen 20 Jahren wurden peptidbasierte Antibiotika wie Vancomycin, Teicoplanin oder Daptomycin als Reserveantibiotika betrachtet. In den letzten Jahren erschienen jedoch vermehrt Berichte über Vancomycin‐resistente Krankheitserreger, was die Entwicklung neuartiger Leitstrukturen für neue wirksame Antibiotika motivierte. Hier wird über die Totalsynthese einer definierten endo‐Typ‐B‐PPAP‐Bibliothek und deren antibiotische Aktivität gegen multiresistente Staphylococcus‐aureus‐ und diverse Vancomycin‐resistente Enterococcus‐Stämme berichtet. Es wurden vier neue Strukturen identifiziert, die zeigen, dass das PPAP‐Grundgerüst eine neue nicht‐peptidbasierte Leitstruktur in der Antibiotika‐Forschung werden könnte, die sich durch die Kombination von hoher Aktivität und geringer Zytotoxizität auszeichnet.