bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An isolated involvement in mental health care – experiences of parents of young adults
Authors: Andershed Birgitta , Ewertzon Mats , Johansson Anita 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore parents’ involvement in the informal and professional care of their young adult child with mental illness. A further aim was to examine concepts in the caring theory of ‘Involvement in the light–Involvement in the dark’ in the context of mental health care.BackgroundMental illness has increased among young people in high‐income countries, and suicide is now the leading cause of death for this group. Because of their disease, these young people may have difficulty in carrying out daily, taken‐for‐granted, tasks. Consequently, they often become dependent on their parents, and their parents shoulder a considerable responsibility.DesignA secondary descriptive design with a deductive content analysis was used.MethodsTen parents who have a son or daughter with long‐term mental illness (aged 18–25 years) were interviewed. The deductive analysis was based on the caring theory of ‘Involvement in the light–Involvement in the dark’.ResultsThe results are described using the following concepts in the theory: ‘Knowing’, ‘Doing’, ‘Being’ and ‘Attitude of the health professionals’. The result are to a great extent consistent with the ‘Involvement in the dark’ metaphor, which describes an isolated involvement in which the parents were not informed, seen or acknowledged by the health professionals. Continuous support by professionals with a positive attitude was described as being of decisive importance for meaningful involvement. The theory's transferability is strengthened to the mental health care context.ConclusionsParents have a considerable need for knowledge that can enable them to choose how they should act (be) and what they should do, in order to help and support their child.Relevance to clinical practiceSince the patient, the family members and the professionals are mutually dependent, it is important to make use of each other’s knowledge in a partnership to achieve a common caring strategy.
Relationship between insulin‐like growth factor 1, leptin and ghrelin levels and catch‐up growth in small for gestational age infants of 27–31 weeks during neonatal intensive care unit admission
Authors: Ohkawa Natsuki , Shoji Hiromichi , Ikeda Naho , Suganuma Hiroki , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: August 2016

AimPoor post‐natal growth is related to later morbidity and poor cognitive development in preterm infants. We investigated the relationship between plasma insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), leptin, active ghrelin levels and post‐natal growth in preterm infants small for gestational age (SGA).MethodsPlasma IGF‐1, leptin and active ghrelin levels were measured at birth and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after birth in 42 very low birthweight (VLBW) infants (born between 27 and 31 weeks of gestation), including 14 SGA infants with extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR), 6 SGA infants without EUGR and 22 appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age infants.ResultsAt birth, IGF‐1 levels in SGA infants without EUGR did not differ significantly from those in SGA infants with EUGR. However, IGF‐1 levels in SGA infants without EUGR were as high as those observed in appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age infants and were significantly different from those in SGA infants with EUGR at 4 and 8 weeks of age. Leptin and ghrelin levels did not differ significantly among the three groups at any time point.Conclusion
IGF‐1 is related to catch‐up growth in SGA VLBW infants during neonatal intensive care unit admission; however, this does not appear to be the case for leptin and ghrelin. IGF‐1 level monitoring may be useful for predicting EUGR in preterm VLBW infants.
Curative therapies are superior to standard of care (transarterial chemoembolization) for intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Pecorelli Anna , Lenzi Barbara , Gramenzi Annagiulia , Garuti Francesca , Farinati Fabio , Giannini Edoardo G. , Ciccarese Francesca , Piscaglia Fabio , Rapaccini Gian Lodovico , Di Marco Maria , Caturelli Eugenio , Zoli Marco , Borzio Franco , Sacco Rodolfo , Cabibbo Giuseppe , Felder Martina , Morisco Filomena , Gasbarrini Antonio , Baroni Gianluca Svegliati , Foschi Francesco G. , Biasini Elisabetta , Masotto Alberto , Virdone Roberto , Bernardi Mauro , Trevisani Franco ,   the Italian LiverCancer (ITA.LI.CA) group
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsThe Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer intermediate stage (BCLC‐B) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) includes extremely heterogeneous patients in terms of tumour burden and liver function. Transarterial‐chemoembolization (TACE) is the first‐line treatment for these patients although it may be risky/useless for someone, while others could undergo curative treatments. This study assesses the treatment type performed in a large cohort of BCLC‐B patients and its outcome.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 485 consecutive BCLC‐B patients from the ITA.LI.CA database diagnosed with naïve HCC after 1999. Patients were stratified by treatment.Results29 patients (6%) were lost to follow‐up before receiving treatment. Treatment distribution was: TACE (233, 51.1%), curative treatments (145 patients, 31.8%), sorafenib (18, 3.9%), other (39, 8.5%), best supportive care (BSC) (21, 4.6%). Median survival (95% CI) was 45 months (37.4–52.7) for curative treatments, 30 (24.7–35.3) for TACE, 14 (10.5–17.5) for sorafenib, 14 (5.2–22.7) for other treatments and 10 (6.0–14.2) for BSC (P<.0001). Independent prognosticators were gender and treatment. Curative treatments reduced mortality (HR 0.197, 95%CI: 0.098–0.395) more than TACE (HR 0.408, 95%CI: 0.211–0.789) (P<.0001) as compared with BSC. Propensity score matching confirmed the superiority of curative therapies over TACE.ConclusionsIn everyday practice TACE represents the first‐line therapy in an half of patients with naïve BCLC‐B HCC since treatment choice is driven not only by liver function and nodule characteristics, but also by contraindications to procedures, comorbidities, age and patient opinion. The treatment type is an independent prognostic factor in BCLC‐B patients and curative options offer the best outcome.
Shear‐wave elastography of the liver and spleen identifies clinically significant portal hypertension: A prospective multicentre study
Authors: Jansen Christian , Bogs Christopher , Verlinden Wim , Thiele Maja , Möller Philipp , Görtzen Jan , Lehmann Jennifer , Vanwolleghem Thomas , Vonghia Luisa , Praktiknjo Michael , Chang Johannes , Krag Aleksander , Strassburg Christian P. , Francque Sven , Trebicka Jonel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsClinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) is associated with severe complications and decompensation of cirrhosis. Liver stiffness measured either by transient elastography (TE) or Shear‐wave elastography (SWE) and spleen stiffness by TE might be helpful in the diagnosis of CSPH. We recently showed the algorithm to rule‐out CSPH using sequential liver‐ (L‐SWE) and spleen‐Shear‐wave elastography (S‐SWE). This study investigated the diagnostic value of S‐SWE for diagnosis of CSPH.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐eight cirrhotic patients with pressure gradient measurements were included into this prospective multicentre study. L‐SWE was measured in 155 patients, S‐SWE in 112 patients, and both in 109 patients.ResultsLiver‐shear‐wave elastography and S‐SWE correlated with clinical events and decompensation. SWE of liver and spleen revealed strong correlations with the pressure gradient and to differentiate between patients with and without CSPH. The best cut‐off values were 24.6 kPa:L‐SWE and 26.3 kPa:S‐SWE. L‐SWE ≤16.0 kPa and S‐SWE ≤21.7 kPa were able to rule‐out CSPH. Cut‐off values of L‐SWE >29.5 kPa and S‐SWE >35.6 kPa were able to rule‐in CSPH (specificity >92%). Patients with a L‐SWE >38.0 kPa had likely CSPH. In patients with L‐SWE ≤38.0 kPa, a S‐SWE >27.9 kPa ruled in CSPH. This algorithm has a sensitivity of 89.2% and a specificity of 91.4% to rule‐in CSPH. Patients not fulfilling these criteria may undergo HVPG measurement.ConclusionsLiver and spleen SWE correlate with portal pressure and can both be used as a non‐invasive method to investigate CSPH. Even though external validation is still missing, these algorithms to rule‐out and rule‐in CSPH using sequential SWE of liver and spleen might change the clinical practice.
SuperSegger: robust image segmentation, analysis and lineage tracking of bacterial cells
Authors: Stylianidou Stella , Brennan Connor , Nissen Silas B. , Kuwada Nathan J. , Wiggins Paul A. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryMany quantitative cell biology questions require fast yet reliable automated image segmentation to identify and link cells from frame‐to‐frame, and characterize the cell morphology and fluorescence. We presentSuperSegger, an automated MATLAB‐based image processing package well‐suited to quantitative analysis of high‐throughput live‐cell fluorescence microscopy of bacterial cells.SuperSeggerincorporates machine‐learning algorithms to optimize cellular boundaries and automated error resolution to reliably link cells from frame‐to‐frame. Unlike existing packages, it can reliably segment microcolonies with many cells, facilitating the analysis of cell‐cycle dynamics in bacteria as well as cell‐contact mediated phenomena. This package has a range of built‐in capabilities for characterizing bacterial cells, including the identification of cell division events, mother, daughter and neighbouring cells, and computing statistics on cellular fluorescence, the location and intensity of fluorescent foci.SuperSeggerprovides a variety of postprocessing data visualization tools for single cell and population level analysis, such as histograms, kymographs, frame mosaics, movies and consensus images. Finally, we demonstrate the power of the package by analyzing lag phase growth with single cell resolution.
High resolution microscopy reveals an unusual architecture of the Plasmodium berghei endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Kaiser Gesine , De Niz Mariana , Zuber Benoît , Burda Paul‐Christian , Kornmann Benoît , Heussler Volker T. , Stanway Rebecca R. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryTo fuel the tremendously fast replication of Plasmodium liver stage parasites, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) must play a critical role as a major site of protein and lipid biosynthesis. In this study, we analysed the parasite's ER morphology and function. Previous studies exploring the parasite ER have mainly focused on the blood stage. Visualizing the Plasmodium berghei ER during liver stage development, we found that the ER forms an interconnected network throughout the parasite with perinuclear and peripheral localizations. Surprisingly, we observed that the ER additionally generates huge accumulations. Using stimulated emission depletion microscopy and serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy, we defined ER accumulations as intricate dense networks of ER tubules. We provide evidence that these accumulations are functional subdivisions of the parasite ER, presumably generated in response to elevated demands of the parasite, potentially consistent with ER stress. Compared to higher eukaryotes, Plasmodium parasites have a fundamentally reduced unfolded protein response machinery for reacting to ER stress. Accordingly, parasite development is greatly impaired when ER stress is applied. As parasites appear to be more sensitive to ER stress than are host cells, induction of ER stress could potentially be used for interference with parasite development.
Management of New‐Onset Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Utilizing Insertable Cardiac Monitor Technology to Observe Recurrence of AF (MONITOR‐AF)
Authors: EL‐CHAMI MIKHAEL F. , MERCHANT FAISAL M. , SMITH PAIGE , LEVY MATHEW , NELMS ANGELA GILL , MERLINO JOHN , PUSKAS JOHN , LEON ANGEL R. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundNew‐onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) occurs in up to 30% of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). POAF is associated with short‐ and long‐term mortality.MethodsTo identify the true incidence and time course of recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with POAF, we prospectively assigned 23 patients with POAF to receive an implantable loop recorder (ILR; Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) for the detection of recurrent AF. Two electrophysiologists independently adjudicated monthly ILR transmissions to classify recurrent AF. We defined AF as any episode lasting ≥6 minutes.ResultsThe cohort included 23 subjects averaging 69.1 ± 7.2 years of age. Their mean CHADS2 score averaged 1.9 ± 0.8. Note that 26.1% underwent direct current cardioversion prior to discharge; 95.7% left the hospital taking amiodarone and 26.1% warfarin. A total of 14 patients (60.9%) experienced recurrent AF. AF first recurred within 3 months in nine patients (39.1%), and in 10 patients AF emerged or continued beyond 3 months. Eight of 17 (47.1%) patients followed for at least 1 year experienced AF recurrence beyond 1 year of CABG. The time from surgery to first AF episode averaged 143 ± 22.5 days. Long‐term monitoring shows that 60.9% of patients with POAF develop recurrent AF.ConclusionPOAF may represent a propensity for recurrent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and not simply a transient consequence of postoperative stress and inflammation. Better detection of recurrent AF might identify patients at risk for stroke who would benefit from continuing anticoagulation.
Using a pulse oximeter to determine clinical depth of anesthesia—investigation of the utility of the perfusion index
Authors: Krishnamohan Anirudh , Siriwardana Viraj , Skowno Justin J. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundPeripheral vasodilation is a well‐recognized side effect of general anesthesia, and induces changes in the amplitude of the pulse plethysmograph (PPG) waveform. This can be continuously quantitaed using the Perfusion Index (PI), a ratio of the pulsatile to nonpulsatile signal amplitude in the PPG waveform. We hypothesized that the perfusion index would rise with the induction of anesthesia in children, and fall with emergence, and performed a prospective, observational study to test this.AimOur primary aim was to test whether the different clinical stages of anesthesia were associated with changes in the perfusion index, and the secondary aim was to test the correlation between the normalized perfusion index and the MAC value.MethodsTwenty‐one patients between the ages of 1 and 18 undergoing minor procedures with no anticipated painful stimuli were recruited. Patients with significant illnesses were excluded. Data collection commenced with a preinduction baseline, and data were collected continuously, with event marking, until completion of the anesthesia and removal of the pulse oximeter. Data collected included perfusion index, heart rate, and anesthetic gas concentration values. A normalized perfusion index was calculated by subtracting the initial baseline perfusion index value from all perfusion index values, allowing changes, from a standardized initial baseline value of zero, to be analyzed.ResultsDuring induction, the mean normalized perfusion index rose from 0.0 to 4.2, and then declined to 0.470 when the patients returned to consciousness. P < 0.001 using repeated measures anova test. The normalized perfusion index was correlated with MAC values (r2 = 0.33, 95% CI 0.18–0.47, P < 0.01).ConclusionThe perfusion index changed significantly during different stages of anesthesia. There is a significant correlation between the perfusion index, measured by pulse oximetry, and the MAC value, in pediatric patients undergoing minor procedures.
Down‐regulation of GIGANTEA‐like genes increases plant growth and salt stress tolerance in poplar
Authors: Ke Qingbo , Kim Ho Soo , Wang Zhi , Ji Chang Yoon , Jeong Jae Cheol , Lee Haeng‐Soon , Choi Young‐Im , Xu Bingcheng , Deng Xiping , Yun Dae‐Jin , Kwak Sang‐Soo 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe flowering time regulator GIGANTEA (GI) connects networks involved in developmental stage transitions and environmental stress responses in Arabidopsis. However, little is known about the role of GI in growth, development and responses to environmental challenges in the perennial plant poplar. Here, we identified and functionally characterized three GI‐like genes (PagGIa, PagGIb and PagGIc) from poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa). PagGIs are predominantly nuclear localized and their transcripts are rhythmically expressed, with a peak around zeitgeber time 12 under long‐day conditions. Overexpressing PagGIs in wild‐type (WT) Arabidopsis induced early flowering and salt sensitivity, while overexpressing PagGIs in the gi‐2 mutant completely or partially rescued its delayed flowering and enhanced salt tolerance phenotypes. Furthermore, the PagGIs‐PagSOS2 complexes inhibited PagSOS2‐regulated phosphorylation of PagSOS1 in the absence of stress, whereas these inhibitions were eliminated due to the degradation of PagGIs under salt stress. Down‐regulation of PagGIs by RNA interference led to vigorous growth, higher biomass and enhanced salt stress tolerance in transgenic poplar plants. Taken together, these results indicate that several functions of Arabidopsis GI are conserved in its poplar orthologues, and they lay the foundation for developing new approaches to producing salt‐tolerant trees for sustainable development on marginal lands worldwide.
Predictable ‘meta‐mechanisms’ emerge from feedbacks between transpiration and plant growth and cannot be simply deduced from short‐term mechanisms
Authors: Tardieu François , Parent Boris 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGrowth under water deficit is controlled by short‐term mechanisms but, because of numerous feedbacks, the combination of these mechanisms over time often results in outputs that cannot be deduced from the simple inspection of individual mechanisms. It can be analysed with dynamic models in which causal relationships between variables are considered at each time‐step, allowing calculation of outputs that are routed back to inputs for the next time‐step and that can change the system itself. We first review physiological mechanisms involved in seven feedbacks of transpiration on plant growth, involving changes in tissue hydraulic conductance, stomatal conductance, plant architecture and underlying factors such as hormones or aquaporins. The combination of these mechanisms over time can result in non‐straightforward conclusions as shown by examples of simulation outputs: ‘over production of abscisic acid (ABA) can cause a lower concentration of ABA in the xylem sap ’, ‘decreasing root hydraulic conductance when evaporative demand is maximum can improve plant performance’ and ‘rapid root growth can decrease yield’. Systems of equations simulating feedbacks over numerous time‐steps result in logical and reproducible emergent properties that can be viewed as ‘meta‐mechanisms’ at plant level, which have similar roles as mechanisms at cell level.
Expectancy affects the feedback‐related negativity (FRN) for delayed feedback in probabilistic learning
Authors: Weismüller Benjamin , Bellebaum Christian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLearning from feedback is a prerequisite for adapting to the environment. Prediction error signals coded by midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons are projected to the basal ganglia and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). It has been suggested that neuronal activity shifts away from the DA system when feedback is delayed. The feedback‐related negativity (FRN), an ERP that is generated in the ACC and has been shown to be sensitive to feedback valence and prediction error magnitude, was found to be reduced for delayed feedback. It has, however, not yet been investigated if the FRN for delayed feedback reflects a reward prediction error. In this study, effects of feedback delay (1 s vs. 7 s) on the processing of expected and unexpected positive and negative feedback were investigated in a between‐subjects design in healthy human participants conducting a probabilistic feedback learning task. FRN and P300 amplitudes were decreased for subjects learning from delayed compared to immediate feedback. Importantly, the FRN, extracted from the negative‐positive feedback difference wave, was significantly smaller for expected compared to unexpected feedback for both the immediate and delayed feedback conditions. Expectancy effects for the P300 were also seen, but did not interact with feedback valence. These results demonstrate an influence of feedback expectancy, and thus the prediction error, on early feedback processing even for delayed feedback, suggesting that neuronal structures underlying feedback processing are comparable for immediate and delayed feedback, at least to some extent. Modulations of the P300 by feedback delay may be linked to feedback salience.
Does serum anti‐Müllerian hormone levels always discriminate presence of the ovaries in adult bitches? Comparison of two ELISA kits
Authors: Pir Yagci I , Pekcan M , Polat IM , Kalender H , Macun HC 
Published: August 2016

ContentsAnti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced in the ovary, and thus, it is an excellent marker of follicle pool in females. Current interest is the clinical use of this parameter as a biomarker to assess presence or absence of an intact ovary and to diagnose ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) following incomplete ovariohysterectomy (OHE) in bitches. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum AMH concentrations in bitches (n = 34) before and after OHE using two different commercial ELISA kits, one of which is based on detecting human AMH and the other is based on detecting human AMH and the other specified for canine AMH. Furthermore, serum AMH levels were also measured in six ORS cases to compare the diagnostic utility of the two different ELISA kits. Serum AMH concentrations measured using the human and canine kit prior to and after OHE were 0.32 ± 0.24, 0.006 ± 0.22 ng/ml (p < .001) and 12.08 ± 22.81, 9.55 ± 15.42 ng/ml (p = .868), respectively. Thus, the canine‐based kit was not able to reveal the significant drop in serum AMH levels. In conclusion, the human‐based ELISA kits successfully detected the drop in serum AMH concentrations. Reliable results can only be achieved from well‐designed ELISA kits, and AMH levels might be a useful diagnostic tool for the evaluation of presence or absence of ovaries as well as for the detection of ORS cases in bitches.
Effects of duration of electric pulse on in vitro development of cloned cat embryos with human artificial chromosome vector
Authors: Do LTK , Wittayarat M , Terazono T , Sato Y , Taniguchi M , Tanihara F , Takemoto T , Kazuki Y , Kazuki K , Oshimura M , Otoi T 
Published: August 2016

ContentsThe current applications for cat cloning include production of models for the study of human and animal diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the optimal fusion protocol on in vitro development of transgenic cloned cat embryos by comparing duration of electric pulse. Cat fibroblast cells containing a human artificial chromosome (HAC) vector were used as genetically modified nuclear donor cells. Couplets were fused and activated simultaneously with a single DC pulse of 3.0 kV/cm for either 30 or 60 μs. Low rates of fusion and embryo development to the blastocyst stage were observed in the reconstructed HAC‐transchromosomic embryos, when the duration of fusion was prolonged to 60 μs. In contrast, the prolongation of electric pulse duration improved the embryo development and quality in the reconstructed control embryos without HAC vector. Our results suggested that the optimal parameters of electric pulses for fusion in cat somatic cell nuclear transfer vary among the types used for donor cells.