bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XANES spectroscopy proofs pH‐dependent P sorption partitioning to Fe oxyhydroxides versus montmorillonite in acidic soils
Authors: Prietzel Jörg , Harrington Gertraud , Hiesch Sigrid , Klysubun Wantana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundFe and Al oxyhydroxides are well‐known phosphorus (P)‐retaining minerals in soils. Little information is available regarding the relevance of clay minerals for the sorption of P in mixed oxyhydroxide–clay mineral systems and pH effects on P sorption partitioning.Aims and MethodsWe wanted to investigate pH effects on P sorption partitioning between Fe oxyhydroxides and high‐activity clay minerals in mixed‐mineral systems. We quantified the relative contribution of ferrihydrite or goethite versus Al‐saturated montmorillonite (Al‐MT) to the retention of orthophosphate (oPO4) and inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP) at different pH values (3–6). We combined the analysis of P solution concentration changes with the quantification of P bound to Fe(III) versus Al in the Fe oxyhydroxide/Al‐MT mixtures by X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy.ResultsOrthophosphate was preferentially retained by ferrihydrite, compared to Al‐MT at pH 3–6. The opposite was observed for goethite at low P solution concentrations. The contribution of Al‐MT versus Fe oxyhydroxides to oPO4 retention increased with pH. This is attributed to a speciation change of clay‐adsorbed Al from monomeric Al3+ to polynuclear Al hydroxy species. IHP was predominantly retained by Al‐MT rather than ferrihydrite at pH 3–6, probably by the formation of adsorbed and surface‐precipitated Al phytate complexes.ConclusionsSynchrotron‐based XANES spectroscopy allows for quantifying P adsorbed to co‐existing pedogenic Fe(III) oxyhydroxides versus Al‐MT in mixed‐mineral systems. Soil P retention partitioning to these minerals depends on (1) dominating P form (oPO4, IHP), (2) relative abundance of high‐activity clay minerals, short‐range ordered and crystalline Fe oxyhydroxides, and (3) solution pH.
Dimeric Small Molecule Acceptors via Terminal‐End Connections: Effect of Flexible Linker Length on Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Li Zhengkai , Wang Qingyuan , Chen Qi , Meng Shixin , Bai Yang , Xue Lingwei , Xue Jing , Zhang Zhi‐Guo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe dimerization of small molecule acceptors (SMAs) holds significant potential by combining the advantages of both SMAs and polymer acceptors in realizing high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational stability in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, advancements in the selection and innovation of dimeric linkers are still challenging in enhancing their performance. In this study, three new dimeric acceptors, namely DY‐Ar‐4, DY‐Ar‐5, and DY‐Ar‐6 are synthesized, by linking two Y‐series SMA subunits via an “end‐to‐end” strategy using flexible spacers (octyl, decyl, and dodecyl, respectively). The influence of spacer lengths on device performance is systematically investigated. The results indicate that DY‐Ar‐5 exhibits more compact and ordered packing, leading to an optimal morphology. OSCs based on PM6: DY‐Ar‐5 achieves a maximum PCE of 15.76%, attributes to enhance and balance carrier mobility, and reduce carrier recombination. This dimerization strategy using suitable non‐conjugated linking units provides a rational principle for designing high‐performance non‐fullerene acceptors.
Monomer Transport by Collisions in (Mini) Emulsion Polymerization, a Personal Perspective
Authors: van Herk Alexander M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTransport of monomer from droplets to growing latex particles in emulsion polymerization in general is assumed to proceed via diffusion through the aqueous phase. Especially in miniemulsion polymerizations the direct transfer of very hydrophobic species from droplet to droplet is assumed to also proceed via collisions. Amongst the hydrophobic species where this is shown to play a role are monomers, initiators, inhibitors and (catalytic) chain transfer agents. It is well known that the reactor geometry and the stirring speed can have a profound effect on emulsion polymerizations. The 1972 paper of Nomura on the effect of stirring on emulsion polymerization is cited more than 100 times and until today keeps scientists intrigued. Diffusion limitations of monomer going from the droplet into the aqueous phase can occur for very hydrophobic monomers. The alternative route of transport via collisions is often not considered. In this perspective, paper will discuss the evidence for collision based transfer in miniemulsion polymerization and also consider whether collision based monomer transport can play a role in regular emulsion polymerizations.
Changes in the Use of Hydrochlorothiazide and Other Antihypertensive Drugs in Switzerland in Association With the Swissmedic Safety Alert Regarding Non‐melanoma Skin Cancer: An Interrupted Time‐Series Analysis Using Swiss Claims Data
Authors: Zappalà Tamino , Pottegård Anton , Huber Carola A. , Reinau Daphne , Meier Christoph R. , Spoendlin Julia 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeLong‐term use of hydrochlorothiazide increases the risk of non‐melanoma skin cancer. We aimed to evaluate potential changes in the use of hydrochlorothiazide in Switzerland after a direct healthcare professional communication (DHPC) in November 2018 by Swissmedic.MethodsWe performed interrupted time‐series analyses using a large Swiss healthcare claims database (2015–2021). Within monthly intervals, we quantified the total number of claims and the total dispensed ‘defined daily doses’ (DDD) for preparations containing (1) hydrochlorothiazide, (2) angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin‐II‐receptor blockers (ARB), (3) calcium‐channel blockers (CCB) and (4) thiazide‐like diuretics per 10 000 persons. Using segmented linear regression, we quantified the pre‐DHPC trend, the immediate change and the post‐DHPC change in trend for total claims and DDD for the four drug classes weighted for the demographic distribution of the Swiss population.ResultsACE inhibitors and ARB were the most frequently claimed antihypertensive drugs with 300–400 claims per 10 000 persons, which increased by 5.4% during the study period. The average number of hydrochlorothiazide claims (157/10 000 persons in 2015) declined by 35% between 2015 and 2021. The decrease started prior to the DHPC, but the DHPC was associated with an immediate 6.1% decline and an accelerated decline in claims over time after the DHPC (similar results for DDD). This coincided with a 23% increase in claims of CCB (dihydropyridine type) over 7 years, whereas use of other antihypertensives increased less.ConclusionOur results suggest that the DHPC by Swissmedic in 2018 accelerated a pre‐existing decline in the use of hydrochlorothiazide in Switzerland.
Specific Targeting and Imaging of RNA G‐Quadruplex (rG4) Structure Using Non‐G4‐Containing l‐RNA Aptamer and Fluorogenic l‐Aptamer
Authors: Lau Hill Lam , Zhao Haizhou , Feng Hengxin , Kwok Chun Kit 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRNA G‐quadruplex structures (rG4s) play important roles in the regulation of biological processes. So far, all the l‐RNA aptamers developed to target rG4 of interest contain G4 motif itself, raising the question of whether non‐G4‐containing l‐RNA aptamer can be developed to target rG4. Furthermore, it is unclear whether an l‐Aptamer‐based tool can be generated for G4 detection in vitro and imaging in cells. Herein, a new strategy is designed using a low GC content template library to develop a novel non‐G4‐containing l‐RNA aptamer with strong binding affinity and improved binding specificity to rG4 of interest. The first non‐G4‐containing l‐Aptamer, l‐Apt.1‐1, is identified with nanomolar binding affinity to amyloid precursor protein (APP) D‐rG4. l‐Apt.1‐1 is applied to control APP gene expression in cells via targeting APP D‐rG4 structure. Moreover, the first l‐RNA‐based fluorogenic bi‐functional aptamer (FLAP) system is developed, and l‐Apt.1‐1_Pepper is engineered for in vitro detection and cellular imaging of APP D‐rG4. This work provides an original approach for developing non‐G4‐containing l‐RNA aptamer for rG4 targeting, and the novel l‐Apt.1‐1 developed for APP gene regulation, as well as the l‐Apt.1‐1_Pepper generated for imaging of APP rG4 structure can be further used in other applications in vitro and in cells.
Die Kartierung von Parametern zur Bestimmung des Boden-pH-Wertes
Authors: Gebbers Robin , Vogel Sebastian , Kramer Eckart 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel erläutert die Grundlagen zur Messung des pH-Wertes im Boden. Es umfasst Definitionen des pH-Werts und der Bodenacidität, informiert über die Bedeutung des pH-Wertes und gibt einen Überblick über Messmethoden. Ionenselektive Elektroden (ISE) sind die bislang geeignetsten Sensoren und werden daher detailliert dargestellt. Für die direkte Messung im Boden haben sich ISE aus Antimon bewährt. Deren Einsatz für die Bodenkartierung wird praxisnah beschrieben. This chapter explains the fundamentals for measuring pH in soils. It encompasses definitions of the pH and soil acidity, informs about the relevance of soil pH and provides an overview of pH measurement methods. Up to now, ion-selective electrodes (ISE) are the most suitable sensors. Thus, they are described in detail. For direct measurement of pH in soils antimony ISE are well-proven. Practicalities of their application in soil mapping are presented at length.
Die Kartierung von Parametern zur Bestimmung des Bodenhumusgehaltes im Oberboden
Authors: Schröter Ingmar , Post Sandra 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Humusgehalt ist ein wichtiger Bodenfruchtbarkeitsindikator, da er eine Vielzahl wichtiger physikalischer, chemischer und biologischer Bodeneigenschaften sowie den Kohlen- und Stickstoffkreislauf direkt oder indirekt positiv beeinflusst. Die Bedeutung von Humus zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass durch die komplexen Wirkmechanismen nahezu alle Bodeneigenschaften verbessert werden. Im Sinne der Grundsätze der guten fachlichen Praxis und Vorsorgepflicht, ist der Erhalt standorttypischer Humusgehalte im Oberboden verpflichtend. Darüber hinaus gewinnt ein nachhaltiges Humusmanagement als Anpassungsmaßnahme an den Klimawandel zunehmend an Bedeutung, um Produktionsrisiken, die von steigenden Temperaturen, abnehmenden Niederschlägen in der Vegetationsperiode und zunehmenden Extremereignissen ausgehen, zu reduzieren. Dieses Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über geeignete Nahbereichs- und Fernerkundungssensoren, die ihr Potenzial zur räumlichen Erfassung des Humusgehaltes eines Feldes bewiesen haben. Der Fokus liegt dabei stärker auf kommerziell verfügbaren Sensorsystemen, die im Rahmen des EIP-AGRI Projekts „Präzise Kalkung in Brandenburg (pH-BB)“ zum Einsatz gekommen sind.
Changes in health-related quality of life, depression, and fear of progression during oncological inpatient rehabilitation and beyond: a longitudinal study
Authors: Giesler Jürgen M. , Weis Joachim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Studies evaluating oncological inpatient rehabilitation rarely include follow-up intervals beyond 6 months and larger proportions of patients other than those with breast cancer. Therefore, this study investigated changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL), depression, and fear of progression of patients with breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer from the beginning to the end of oncological rehabilitation and a 9-month follow-up.

Methods
Three hundred seventy-seven patients with breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer undergoing oncological inpatient rehabilitation (median age 61 years, 49% female) completed the EORTC QLQ-C30, the PHQ-9, and the FoP-Q-SF at each measurement point. Data analysis used 3 (tumor site) × 3 (time of measurement) repeated measures ANCOVAs with patient age and time since diagnosis as covariates. At each time point, we also compared our sample to the general population on the measures used.

Results
Having controlled for the covariates, we found significant effects of tumor site, which were small except for Diarrhea. Effects of time of measurement were often significant and in part at least medium in size indicating improvement of HRQoL and depression during rehabilitation. At follow-up, some HRQoL domains and depression deteriorated. Women with breast cancer, in particular, showed a greater decrease in emotional functioning then. Compared to the general population, the sample’s HRQoL and depression were significantly worse on most occasions.

Conclusion
Oncological inpatient rehabilitation may improve HRQoL. The subsequent and in part differential deterioration in some HRQoL domains suggests a need for further follow-up care within survivorship programs.
Unsymmetricity effects on seismic performance of multi-story buildings
Authors: Pandian Antony Vimal Paul , Arunachalam Krishna Prakash , Bahrami Alireza , Romero Lenin Miguel Bendezu , Avudaiappan Siva , Awoyera Paul O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe unsymmetrical configurations in buildings lead to non-uniform distributions in their strength, mass, and stiffness, and they are consequently prone to damage during seismic hazards. In this study, the seismic performance of multi-story buildings with 5, 8, 10, and 12 stories of square, ‘L’, ‘T’, and ‘U’-shaped buildings have been investigated. The research deals with the variation of the natural time periods and how it affects the seismic performance of unsymmetrical multi-story buildings. The coupled and uncoupled equations of motion, based on the symmetricity of the buildings about both axes, were solved to obtain natural time periods that influence the spectral acceleration of the ground accelerations. Six important ground accelerations were considered. Nonlinear static analysis, such as pushover analysis, was also carried out on all the buildings. Comparisons were made on the seismic behavior of both the symmetrical and unsymmetrical structures. The results revealed that the spectral acceleration influences dynamic responses, such as base shear, base moment, base torsion, roof displacement, roof rotation, and story drifts of the buildings. Moreover, it was found that even though the ‘L’-shaped buildings are unsymmetrical about both axes, they are less vulnerable than the ‘T’ and ‘U’-shaped buildings, which are unsymmetrical about one axis.
Face shape transfer via semantic warping
Authors: Li Zonglin , Lv Xiaoqian , Yu Wei , Liu Qinglin , Lin Jingbo , Zhang Shengping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFace reshaping aims to adjust the shape of a face in a portrait image to make the face aesthetically beautiful, which has many potential applications. Existing methods 1) operate on the pre-defined facial landmarks, leading to artifacts and distortions due to the limited number of landmarks, 2) synthesize new faces based on segmentation masks or sketches, causing generated faces to look dissatisfied due to the losses of skin details and difficulties in dealing with hair and background blurring, and 3) project the positions of the deformed feature points from the 3D face model to the 2D image, making the results unrealistic because of the misalignment between feature points. In this paper, we propose a novel method named face shape transfer (FST) via semantic warping, which can transfer both the overall face and individual components (e.g., eyes, nose, and mouth) of a reference image to the source image. To achieve controllability at the component level, we introduce five encoding networks, which are designed to learn feature embedding specific to different face components. To effectively exploit the features obtained from semantic parsing maps at different scales, we employ a straightforward method of directly connecting all layers within the global dense network. This direct connection facilitates maximum information flow between layers, efficiently utilizing diverse scale semantic parsing information. To avoid deformation artifacts, we introduce a spatial transformer network, allowing the network to handle different types of semantic warping effectively. To facilitate extensive evaluation, we construct a large-scale high-resolution face dataset, which contains 14,000 images with a resolution of 1024 × 1024. Superior performance of our method is demonstrated by qualitative and quantitative experiments on the benchmark dataset.
Dispensing practices of amoxicillin suspension by community pharmacists
Authors: Jaggi Preeti , Logan Latania 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Amoxicillin suspension is frequently prescribed to children; we hypothesized that prescribing convention system constraints lead to unusual dosing regimens and unnecessary waste of the drug.

Objective:
Identify antibiotic dispensing practices by community pharmacists and/or technicians to understand opportunities to decrease wasted amoxicillin liquid and optimize prescribing convention of liquid amoxicillin to children.

Methods:
Pilot online survey of Atlanta area and National Community Pharmacists Association pharmacists or pharmacy technicians that self-reported dispensing amoxicillin suspension. Questions regarding liquid amoxicillin dispensing practices and other open comments were asked about suggestions to decrease amoxicillin waste from March 13 to April 5, 2023.

Results:
Among 68 pharmacy staff that participated, over 90% reported dispensing extra liquid amoxicillin to patients for more than 10% of the doses they dispensed. Twenty-seven respondents (39.7%) felt that amoxicillin waste was a problem; waste was most often due to package/bottle sizing issues (n = 64 of 67 responses, 95.5%). Respondents reported instructing families to dispose of extra medication in the trash (n = 51, 75%); 11 (16.2%) instructed pour the remaining in the sink; none reported requesting return to the pharmacy, and 6 (8.8%) reported other instructions. Community pharmacists observed that computerized algorithms create odd dosing amounts and that some prescribers add to the overall amount needed routinely.

Conclusion:
Community pharmacists in this pilot survey observed prescribing conventions, manufacturing, regulatory, and electronic medical record constraints that lead to liquid amoxicillin waste or confusing amounts for families to use.
SPRED3 regulates the NF-κB signaling pathway in thyroid cancer and promotes the proliferation
Authors: Chen Zhiping , Wang Congren , Li Mingzhu , Cai Shaoyang , Liu Xiaoyu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSPRED3 (Sprouty-related EVH1 domain containing 3) mutants are depicted in various cancers, however, nothing is known about its biofunction in thyroid cancer (THCA). Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to ascertain the level of SPRED3 expression in THCA tissues and its importance in the prognosis of THCA patients. Flag-SPRED3 plasmid and SPRED3-knockout vector were developed to overexpress or deplete the SPRED3 expression in THCA cells. The function of SPRED3 on THCA cell proliferation was examined using the colony formation assay and CCK8 assay. The effect of SPRED3 expression on the transcriptional activity of NF-κB was also examined using luciferase reporter assays. High SPRED3 expression was associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes, advanced tumor characteristics, and traditional molecular markers of papillary thyroid cancer in THCA patients. Genetic analysis revealed differences in mutation rates in key genes between SPRED3-high and SPRED3-low THCA cases. It is also revealed that SPRED3 influenced the immune microenvironment, with increased stromal and immune scores and altered immune cell infiltration. Functionally, SPRED3 overexpression enhanced THCA cell viability and colony formation, while its depletion reduced cell growth and proliferation. In vivo experiments in mice confirmed the inhibitory effect of SPRED3 depletion on tumor growth. Mechanically, we found that SPRED3 activated the NF-κB signaling. For the first time, we found that SPRED3 promotes THCA cell proliferation via the NF-κB signaling pathway. This finding may provide insight into SPRED3’s prognostic potential in thyroid cancer and provide the rationale for SPRED3-targeted druggable interventions.
Adult Hodgkin lymphoma incidence trends in the United States from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Aslani Armin , Morsali Soroush , Mousavi Seyed Ehsan , Choupani Samireh , Yekta Zahra , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a rare malignancy affecting the lymphatic system. Our study examined the incidence rates of adult HL based on sex, race/ethnicity, age, and histological subgroups in the United States (US) from 2000 to 2020. Data for this study were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 22 database. HL patients were identified utilizing the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology version 3 and categorized as classical HL, lymphocyte-rich/mixed cell/lymphocyte depleted, nodular sclerosis, classical HL, not otherwise specified, and nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL. The study reported average annual percent change (AAPC). All estimates were presented as counts and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100,000 individuals. Between 2000 and 2019, a total of 70,924 cases of HL were reported in the US. Classical HL was the predominant subtype (94.27%), and most incident cases were among non-Hispanic Whites (66.92%) and those aged 20–29 years (24.86%). The ASIR per 100,000 population was 3.83 for men and 2.92 for women. Both sexes showed declines in the AAPCs between 2000 and 2019 (− 0.64% [− 0.99, − 0.28] and − 0.40% [− 0.77, − 0.03] for men and women, respectively). There was a significant decrease in ASIRs after COVID-19 among both sexes (percent change: − 7.49% [− 11.58, − 3.40]). Throughout all age groups, men had a higher incidence rate compared to women, except for those aged 20–29 years. Although the overall HL incidence rate was lowered in the study period from 2000 to 2019, a dramatic decrease in ASIRs of HL patients following COVID-19 pandemic was observed.
A user-friendly CRISPR/Cas9 system for mutagenesis of Neurospora crassa
Authors: Grüttner Stefanie , Kempken Frank 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs a widely used eukaryotic model organism, Neurosporacrassa offers advantages in genetic studies due to its diverse biology and rapid growth. Traditional genetic manipulation methods, such as homologous recombination, require a considerable amount of time and effort. In this study, we present an easy-to-use CRIPSR/Cas9 system for N.crassa, in which the cas9 sequence is incorporated into the fungal genome and naked guide RNA is introduced via electroporation. Our approach eliminates the need for constructing multiple vectors, speeding up the mutagenesis process. Using cyclosporin-resistant-1 (csr-1) as a selectable marker gene, we achieved 100% editing efficiency under selection conditions. Furthermore, we successfully edited the non-selectable gene N-acylethanolamineamidohydrolase-2 (naa-2), demonstrating the versatility of the system. Combining gRNAs targeting csr-1 and naa-2 simultaneously increased the probability of finding mutants carrying the non-selectable mutation. The system is not only user-friendly but also effective, providing a rapid and efficient method for generating loss-of-function mutants in N.crassa compared to traditional methods.