bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Severity of Plasmodium falciparum Infection Is Associated with Transcript Levels of
var
Genes Encoding Endothelial Protein C Receptor-Binding P. falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1
Authors: Mkumbaye Sixbert I. , Wang Christian W. , Lyimo Eric , Jespersen Jakob S. , Manjurano Alphaxard , Mosha Jacklin , Kavishe Reginald A. , Mwakalinga Steven B. , Minja Daniel T. R. , Lusingu John P. , Theander Thor G. , Lavstsen Thomas 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

By attaching infected erythrocytes to the vascular lining,
Plasmodium falciparum
parasites leave blood circulation and avoid splenic clearance. This sequestration is central to pathogenesis. Severe malaria is associated with parasites expressing an antigenically distinct
P. falciparum
erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) subset mediating binding to endothelial receptors. Previous studies indicate that PfEMP1 adhesins with so-called CIDRα1 domains capable of binding endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) constitute the PfEMP1 subset associated with severe pediatric malaria. To analyze the relative importance of different subtypes of CIDRα1 domains, we compared Pf
emp1
transcript levels in children with severe malaria (including 9 fatal and 114 surviving cases), children hospitalized with uncomplicated malaria (
n
= 42), children with mild malaria not requiring hospitalization (
n
= 10), and children with parasitemia and no ongoing fever (
n
= 12). High levels of transcripts encoding EPCR-binding PfEMP1 were found in patients with symptomatic infections, and the abundance of these transcripts increased with disease severity. The compositions of CIDRα1 subtype transcripts varied markedly between patients, and none of the subtypes were dominant. Transcript-level analyses targeting other domain types indicated that subtypes of DBLβ or DBLζ domains might mediate binding phenomena that, in conjunction with EPCR binding, could contribute to pathogenesis. These observations strengthen the rationale for targeting the PfEMP1-EPCR interaction by vaccines and adjunctive therapies. Interventions should target EPCR binding of all CIDRα1 subtypes.
Is diabetes prevalence higher among HIV-infected individuals compared with the general population? Evidence from MMP and NHANES 2009–2010
Authors: Hernandez-Romieu Alfonso C , Garg Shikha , Rosenberg Eli S , Thompson-Paul Angela M , Skarbinski Jacek 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundNationally representative estimates of diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence among HIV-infected adults in the USA are lacking, and whether HIV-infected adults are at increased risk of DM compared with the general adult population remains controversial.MethodsWe used nationally representative survey (2009–2010) data from the Medical Monitoring Project (n=8610 HIV-infected adults) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=5604 general population adults) and fit logistic regression models to determine and compare weighted prevalences of DM between the two populations, and examine factors associated with DM among HIV-infected adults.ResultsDM prevalence among HIV-infected adults was 10.3% (95% CI 9.2% to 11.5%). DM prevalence was 3.8% (CI 1.8% to 5.8%) higher in HIV-infected adults compared with general population adults. HIV-infected subgroups, including women (prevalence difference 5.0%, CI 2.3% to 7.7%), individuals aged 20–44 (4.1%, CI 2.7% to 5.5%), and non-obese individuals (3.5%, CI 1.4% to 5.6%), had increased DM prevalence compared with general population adults. Factors associated with DM among HIV-infected adults included age, duration of HIV infection, geometric mean CD4 cell count, and obesity.Conclusions1 in 10 HIV-infected adults receiving medical care had DM. Although obesity contributes to DM risk among HIV-infected adults, comparisons to the general adult population suggest that DM among HIV-infected persons may develop at earlier ages and in the absence of obesity.
Goldeneye: Tomorrow Never Dies (or a field Only Lives Twice)
Authors: Marshall John D. , Tucker Owain D. , Lovelock Cliff E. , Darker Sebastian J. , Annia Carlos E. , Hognestad Jon B. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The Goldeneye gas–condensate field lies in the Moray Firth Basin of the North Sea and illustrates the potential for further field life after the normal end of production. It was discovered in 1996 in a three-way dip-closed structure in the Lower Cretaceous Captain Sandstone. Five development wells were drilled from a single production platform and first gas was produced in 2004.

The field pressure decline indicated partial aquifer support and no compartmentalization. Approaching the end of production, the opportunity arose to propose Goldeneye as a store for CO
2
. The cap-rock seal was capable of containing gas and the removed hydrocarbons left a significant volume that could be refilled without raising pressures above original conditions. The field's good reservoir properties were favourable for injection, the wellstock and infrastructure were modern, and CO
2
sources were available close by.

The different requirements of a storage project called for a detailed understanding of the overburden to guard against possible leak paths and to identify secondary containment. Furthermore, greater understanding of the aquifer was needed as it limits storage volumes through its impact on reservoir pressures. Updated interpretation, analysis and modelling demonstrated that Goldeneye is an excellent potential CO
2
storage site, which gives it a possible second span of life helping to offset UK CO
2
emissions.
Combined PET Imaging of the Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment Identifies Margins of Unique Radiotracer Uptake
Authors: Zinnhardt Bastian , Pigeon Hayet , Thézé Benoit , Viel Thomas , Wachsmuth Lydia , Fricke Inga B. , Schelhaas Sonja , Honold Lisa , Schwegmann Katrin , Wagner Stefan , Faust Andreas , Faber Cornelius , Kuhlmann Michael T. , Hermann Sven , Schäfers Michael , Winkeler Alexandra , Jacobs Andreas H. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is highly heterogeneous. For gliomas, the tumor-associated inflammatory response is pivotal to support growth and invasion. Factors of glioma growth, inflammation, and invasion, such as the translocator protein (TSPO) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), may serve as specific imaging biomarkers of the glioma microenvironment. In this study, noninvasive imaging by PET with [18F]DPA-714 (TSPO) and [18F]BR-351 (MMP) was used for the assessment of localization and quantification of the expression of TSPO and MMP. Imaging was performed in addition to established clinical imaging biomarker of active tumor volume ([18F]FET) in conjunction with MRI. We hypothesized that each imaging biomarker revealed distinct areas of the heterogeneous glioma tissue in a mouse model of human glioma. Tracers were found to be increased 1.4- to 1.7-fold, with [18F]FET showing the biggest volume as depicted by a thresholding-based, volumes of interest analysis. Tumor areas, which could not be detected by a single tracer and/or MRI parameter alone, were measured. Specific compartments of [18F]DPA-714 (14%) and [18F]BR-351 (11%) volumes along the tumor rim could be identified. [18F]DPA-714 (TSPO) and [18F]BR-351 (MMP) matched with histology. Glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAM) were identified as TSPO and MMP sources. Multitracer and multimodal molecular imaging approaches may allow us to gain important insights into glioma-associated inflammation (GAM, MMP). Moreover, this noninvasive technique enables characterization of the glioma microenvironment with respect to the disease-driving cellular compartments at the various disease stages. Cancer Res; 77(8); 1831–41. ©2017 AACR.
Estimating TP53 Mutation Carrier Probability in Families with Li–Fraumeni Syndrome Using LFSPRO
Authors: Peng Gang , Bojadzieva Jasmina , Ballinger Mandy L. , Li Jialu , Blackford Amanda L. , Mai Phuong L. , Savage Sharon A. , Thomas David M. , Strong Louise C. , Wang Wenyi 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Background: Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is associated with germline TP53 mutations and a very high lifetime cancer risk. Algorithms that assess a patient's risk of inherited cancer predisposition are often used in clinical counseling. The existing LFS criteria have limitations, suggesting the need for an advanced prediction tool to support clinical decision making for TP53 mutation testing and LFS management.
Methods: Based on a Mendelian model, LFSPRO estimates TP53 mutation probability through the Elston–Stewart algorithm and consequently estimates future risk of cancer. With independent datasets of 1,353 tested individuals from 867 families, we evaluated the prediction performance of LFSPRO.
Results: LFSPRO accurately predicted TP53 mutation carriers in a pediatric sarcoma cohort from MD Anderson Cancer Center in the United States, the observed to expected ratio (OE) = 1.35 (95% confidence interval, 0.99–1.80); area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.85 (0.75–0.93); a population-based sarcoma cohort from the International Sarcoma Kindred Study in Australia, OE = 1.62 (1.03–2.55); AUC = 0.67 (0.54–0.79); and the NCI LFS study cohort, OE = 1.28 (1.17–1.39); AUC = 0.82 (0.78–0.86). LFSPRO also showed higher sensitivity and specificity than the classic LFS and Chompret criteria. LFSPRO is freely available through the R packages LFSPRO and BayesMendel.
Conclusions: LFSPRO shows good performance in predicting TP53 mutations in individuals and families in varied situations.
Impact: LFSPRO is more broadly applicable than the current clinical criteria and may improve clinical management for individuals and families with LFS. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(6); 837–44. ©2017 AACR.
DNA Damage Response and Repair Gene Alterations Are Associated with Improved Survival in Patients with Platinum-Treated Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Teo Min Yuen , Bambury Richard M. , Zabor Emily C. , Jordan Emmet , Al-Ahmadie Hikmat , Boyd Mariel E. , Bouvier Nancy , Mullane Stephanie A. , Cha Eugene K. , Roper Nitin , Ostrovnaya Irina , Hyman David M. , Bochner Bernard H. , Arcila Maria E. , Solit David B. , Berger Michael F. , Bajorin Dean F. , Bellmunt Joaquim , Iyer Gopakumar , Rosenberg Jonathan E. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma by inducing DNA damage. We hypothesize that somatic alterations in DNA damage response and repair (DDR) genes are associated with improved sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy.
Experimental Design: Patients with diagnosis of locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with platinum-based chemotherapy who had exon sequencing with the Memorial Sloan Kettering–Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK-IMPACT) assay were identified. Patients were dichotomized based on the presence/absence of alterations in a panel of 34 DDR genes. DDR alteration status was correlated with clinical outcomes and disease features.
Results: One hundred patients were identified, of which 47 harbored alterations in DDR genes. Patients with DDR alterations had improved progression-free survival (9.3 vs. 6.0 months, log-rank P = 0.007) and overall survival (23.7 vs. 13.0 months, log-rank P = 0.006). DDR alterations were also associated with higher number mutations and copy-number alterations. A trend toward positive correlation between DDR status and nodal metastases and inverse correlation with visceral metastases were observed. Different DDR pathways also suggested variable impact on clinical outcomes.
Conclusions: Somatic DDR alteration is associated with improved clinical outcomes in platinum-treated patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Once validated, it can improve patient selection for clinical practice and future study enrollment. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3610–8. ©2017 AACR.
Differentiated State of Initiating Tumor Cells Is Key to Distinctive Immune Responses Seen in H-RasG12V–Induced Squamous Tumors
Authors: Podolsky Michael A. , Bailey Jacob T. , Gunderson Andrew J. , Oakes Carrie J. , Breech Kyle , Glick Adam B. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Heterogeneity in tumor immune responses is a poorly understood yet critical parameter for successful immunotherapy. In two doxycycline-inducible models where oncogenic H-RasG12V is targeted either to the epidermal basal/stem cell layer with a Keratin14-rtTA transgene (K14Ras), or committed progenitor/suprabasal cells with an Involucrin-tTA transgene (InvRas), we observed strikingly distinct tumor immune responses. On threshold doxycycline levels yielding similar Ras expression, tumor latency, and numbers, tumors from K14Ras mice had an immunosuppressed microenvironment, whereas InvRas tumors had a proinflammatory microenvironment. On a Rag1−/− background, InvRas mice developed fewer and smaller tumors that regressed over time, whereas K14Ras mice developed more tumors with shorter latency than Rag1+/+ controls. Adoptive transfer and depletion studies revealed that B-cell and CD4 T-cell cooperation was critical for tumor yield, lymphocyte polarization, and tumor immune phenotype in Rag1+/+ mice of both models. Coculture of tumor-conditioned B cells with CD4 T cells implicated direct contact for Th1 and regulatory T cell (Treg) polarization, and CD40-CD40L for Th1, Th2, and Treg generation, a response not observed from splenic B cells. Anti-CD40L caused regression of InvRas tumors but enhanced growth in K14Ras, whereas a CD40 agonist mAb had opposite effects in each tumor model. These data show that position of tumor-initiating cells within a stratified squamous epithelial tissue provokes distinct B- and CD4 T-cell interactions, which establish unique tumor microenvironments that regulate tumor development and response to immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(3); 198–210. ©2017 AACR.
Measuring the Prevalence of Diagnosed Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the United States Using Data From the 2012-2014 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Ward Brian W. , Nugent Colleen N. , Blumberg Stephen J. , Vahratian Anjel 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: This study, measuring the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), examined (1) whether a single survey question asking explicitly about diagnosed COPD is sufficient to identify US adults with COPD and (2) how this measure compares with estimating COPD prevalence using survey questions on diagnosed emphysema and/or chronic bronchitis and all 3 survey questions together. Methods: We used data from the 2012-2014 National Health Interview Survey to examine different measures of prevalence among 7211 US adults who reported a diagnosed respiratory condition (ie, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and/or COPD). Results: We estimated a significantly higher prevalence of COPD by using a measure accounting for all 3 diagnoses (6.1%; 95% CI, 5.9%-6.3%) than by using a measure of COPD diagnosis only (3.0%; 95% CI, 2.8%-3.1%) or a measure of emphysema and/or chronic bronchitis diagnoses (4.7%; 95% CI, 4.6%-4.9%). This pattern was significant among all subgroups examined except for non-Hispanic Asian adults. The percentage difference between measures of COPD was larger among certain subgroups (adults aged 18-39, Hispanic adults, and never smokers); additional analyses showed that this difference resulted from a large proportion of adults in these subgroups reporting a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis only. Conclusions: With the use of self- or patient-reported health survey data such as the National Health Interview Survey, it is recommended that a measure asking respondents only about COPD diagnosis is not adequate for estimating the prevalence of COPD. Instead, a measure accounting for diagnoses of emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and/or COPD may be a better measure. Additional analyses should explore the reliability and validation of survey questions related to COPD, with special attention toward questions on chronic bronchitis.
Evaluation of a Quality Improvement Resource for Public Health Practitioners
Authors: Porterfield Deborah S. , Marcial Laura H. , Brown Stephen , Throop Cynthia , Pina Jamie 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: Quality improvement is a critical mechanism to manage public health agency performance and to strengthen accountability for public funds. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relatively new quality improvement resource, the Public Health Quality Improvement Exchange (PHQIX), a free online communication platform dedicated to making public health quality improvement information accessible to practitioners. Methods: We conducted an internet-based survey of registered PHQIX users (n = 536 respondents) in 2013 and key informant interviews with PHQIX frequent users (n = 21) in 2014, in the United States. We assessed use of the PHQIX website, user engagement and satisfaction, communication and knowledge exchange, use of information, and impact on quality improvement capacity and accreditation readiness. Results: Of 462 respondents, 369 (79.9%) browsed quality improvement initiatives, making it the most commonly used site feature, and respondents described PHQIX as a near-unique source for real-world quality improvement examples. Respondents were satisfied with the quality and breadth of topics and relevance to their settings (average satisfaction scores, 3.9-4.1 [where 5 was the most satisfied]). Of 407 respondents, 237 (58.2%) said that they had put into practice information learned on PHQIX, and 209 of 405 (51.6%) said that PHQIX had helped to improve quality improvement capacity. Fewer than half of respondents used the commenting function, the Community Forum, and the Ask an Expert feature. Conclusions: Findings suggest that PHQIX, particularly descriptions of the quality improvement initiatives, is a valued resource for public health practitioners. Users reported sharing information with colleagues and applying what they learned to their own work. These findings may relate to other efforts to disseminate quality improvement knowledge.
Functional Systems as Metric Forms and Institutions as Non-metric Forms: A Neo-Luhmannian Approach
Authors: Guy Jean-Sébastien 
Published: January 2017

The article develops a new pair of fundamental concepts – metric and nonmetric – by exploiting the contrast between systems theory and neo-institutionalism. Borrowed from Manuel DeLanda, the concepts aims at describing the properties of social forms arising in a crowd of individuals functioning as a medium of communication. It is argued that neo-institutionalism privileges nonmetric forms. The crowd is rearranged into distinct groups just like space can be divided into topological zones. Individuals in the crowd take their identity from the group they are in: actor or non-actor, rational or non-rational, etc. By opposition, systems theory emphasizes metric forms as in the case of the functional systems of modern society analyzed by Niklas Luhmann. Each metric form is based on a signal activated by the circulation of individuals inside the crowd and thus creating a modulating flow. Metric forms are not tied to specific individuals. For the flow to go on, it is not necessary for the same individuals who once triggered the signal in the past to return and trigger it again. Anyone will do! Metric forms are truly different from their nonmetric counterparts since they do not categorize individuals by grouping them (or group individuals by categorizing them). JEL: B5, Y8
Efficacy and safety study on a new compound associating low and high molecular weight hyaluronic acid in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Abate Michele , Salini Vincenzo 
Published: January 2017

The combined use of low and high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) has never been reported in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this paper was to evaluate the efficacy of a new hybrid association of both preparations in patients suffering from hip OA and to compare the results with those obtained retrospectively from a cohort of patients treated with high molecular weight HA. Twenty patients with moderate-severe hip OA (grade II–IV according to Kellgren-Lawrence score) were enrolled in the study group. After clinical and functional evaluation (Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] for pain, Lequesne Index, Harris Hip Score), each participant received an intra-articular ultrasound-guided injection of the new HA compound at baseline and after 40 days. The measures were repeated at three and six months. The data collected were retrospectively compared with those obtained in a cohort of 20 patients, matched for sex, age, and severity of hip OA, treated with high molecular weight hyaluronic acid. The intra-group comparison showed a significant improvement in clinical and functional outcomes at three and six months in both cohorts, while the infra-group comparison showed better results in the patients treated with the study compound at six months (VAS at rest, P <0.04; VAS during activities, P <0.02; Harris Hip Score, P <0.001). The present study is the first which demonstrates that a combination of low and high molecular weight HA is effective and safe in the management of patients suffering from hip OA and provides better therapeutic results in comparison to high molecular weight HA. We may infer that both HA preparations work synergically, enhancing their positive activities.
Primer in Genetics and Genomics, Article 2—Advancing Nursing Research With Genomic Approaches
Authors: Lee Hyunhwa , Gill Jessica , Barr Taura , Yun Sijung , Kim Hyungsuk 
Published: January 2017

Purpose: Nurses investigate reasons for variable patient symptoms and responses to treatments to inform how best to improve outcomes. Genomics has the potential to guide nursing research exploring contributions to individual variability. This article is meant to serve as an introduction to the novel methods available through genomics for addressing this critical issue and includes a review of methodological considerations for selected genomic approaches. Approach: This review presents essential concepts in genetics and genomics that will allow readers to identify upcoming trends in genomics nursing research and improve research practice. It introduces general principles of genomic research and provides an overview of the research process. It also highlights selected nursing studies that serve as clinical examples of the use of genomic technologies. Finally, the authors provide suggestions about how to apply genomic technology in nursing research along with directions for future research. Conclusions: Using genomic approaches in nursing research can advance the understanding of the complex pathophysiology of disease susceptibility and different patient responses to interventions. Nurses should be incorporating genomics into education, clinical practice, and research as the influence of genomics in health-care research and practice continues to grow. Nurses are also well placed to translate genomic discoveries into improved methods for patient assessment and intervention.