bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative thermoacoustic tomography with microwaves sources
Authors: Akhouayri Hassan , Bergounioux Maïtine , Da Silva Anabela , Elbau Peter , Litman Amelie , Mindrinos Leonidas 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We investigate a quantitative thermoacoustic tomography process. We aim to recover the electric susceptibility and the conductivity of a medium when the sources are in the microwaves range. We focus on the case where the source signal has a slow time-varying envelope. We present the direct problem coupling equations for the electric field, the temperature variation and the pressure (to be measured via sensors). Then we give a variational formulation of the inverse problem which takes into account the entire electromagnetic, thermal and acoustic coupled system, and perform the formal computation of the optimality system.
On new characterization of inextensible flows of space-like curves in de Sitter space
Authors: Yeneroğlu Mustafa 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Elastica and inextensible flows of curves play an important role in practical applications. In this paper, we construct a new characterization of inextensible flows by using elastica in space. The inextensible flow is completely determined for any space-like curve in de Sitter space

S

1

3

$\mathbb{S}_{1}^{3}$

. Finally, we give some characterizations for curvatures of a space-like curve in de Sitter space

S

1

3

$\mathbb{S}_{1}^{3}$

.
A Revitalization of Revolutionary Love:
A Dialogue between Martin Luther King
and Kim Chi-Ha
Authors: Considine Kevin P. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This essay investigates the power and limits of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s theology of revolutionary
love through a dialogue with Kim Chi-Ha. I will argue that King’s theology of revolutionary love may be
revitalized within a globalized context through a dialogue with Kim’s philosophy of dan, that includes an
“agonized violence of love”, in order to offer a continuing praxis of love of enemy and love of neighbor,
salvation for sinner and sinned-against. I show how in King’s theology, love subsists in justice and then
how it is illustrated by and is challenged by the grotesque image at the conclusion of Kim’s poem, Chang
Il-Dam—a mutual beheading in which the heads of the sinner and sinned-against are switched in a new
creation. I argue this because Kim envisions this violence as eschatological and salvific, leading to social
transformation also based upon a kind of revolutionary love. As the global influence of King’s theology
continues to be studied, this particular dialogue shows how King’s theology of nonviolent revolutionary
love, as a “global flow”, can be revitalized to highlight the costliness of justice and the nonviolent
transformative nature of love that are embedded in salvation for sinned-against and sinner, oppressed and
oppressor.
Marketing Mix and Tourism Destination Image: The Study of Destination Bled, Slovenia
Authors: Binter Urška , Ferjan Marko , Neves João Vasco 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground and Purpose:The aim of the research was to find out how business partners from the field of tourism estimate the dimensions of the image of Bled and the marketing mix used to promote Bled. Further on we were interested in evaluating the influence of image and marketing mix on the scope of sales measured in overnights. The following dimensions of image were explored: perceived uniqueness of image as a whole, perceived uniqueness of attractions and experiences, perceived quality of the environment (cleanness), perceived feeling of safety, as well as the dimensions of the marketing mix: perceived quality of products (accommodation, culinary offer, transfers, etc.), perceived price of services, perceived manner of sales for the promotion of Bled, perception of promotional channels, perception of residents (politeness, friendliness, multicultural and religious openness, etc.) and a positive experience of visiting Slovenia.Design/Methodology/Approach:The survey was dispensed among 400 incoming agencies, foreign tour operators, tourist agencies and associations that promote the product of Bled. 235 units were received, 164 of them were completed. The respondents come from 30 countries from all over the world.Results:The findings disclose how service quality, tourist provider competencies and environmental factors are estimated. Safety at Bled has the highest arithmetic mean and the lowest standard deviation. The lowest ranking is linked to traffic and tolerance towards other religions. It is alarming to find the service quality, as the core of tourism business, rated poorly during the main season.Conclusion:Having overviewed the available literature it might be concluded that the analysis can be regarded as the first research of the tourist destination Bled performed in this manner and scope.
User Experience with Security Elements in Internet and Mobile Banking
Authors: Svilar Aleksandra , Zupančič Jože 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Background/Purpose: Maintaining a balance between security and a positive user experience in mobile and Internet banking is becoming increasingly difficult for the providers of banking services. The goal of our research is to analyse user opinions about the current situation: how users perceive security and how the authentication methods they are using affect user experience.

Methodology: Data were collected using an online survey among the users of 15 banks operating in Slovenia, and statistical methods were applied to analyse them. Results of the users’ study were evaluated and commented by a limited number of interviewed banking security experts.

Results: The results indicate that the use of mobile banking in Slovenia is relatively low, as only 30 percent of respondents use mobile banking along with Internet banking. Slovenian users perceive security to be the most important factor in mobile and online banking, closely followed by reliability. We also verified whether the users knew which authentication methods they were using: 69% of respondents selected the correct authentication method. The opinion of 88% of respondents was that authentication methods do not limit them when using mobile and Internet banking. Results of the study of user’s opinions did not surprise the experts, although experts’ views about the balance between security and usability diverged considerably.

Conclusion: Our results indicate that, in Slovenia, users of the Internet and mobile banking services regard security to be the most important element in mobile or Internet banking and find user experience less important while they absolutely do want products that are easy to use.
Tourist Activity of Senior Citizens (60+) Residing in Urban and Rural Areas
Authors: Omelan Aneta , Podstawski Robert , Raczkowski Marek 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyze the influence of place of permanent residence (urban or rural) on the tourist activity of senior citizens (60+) of different socioeconomic statuses. The study involved 380 senior citizens (305 female and 75 male) aged 60 years and older who were permanent residents of the region of Warmia and Mazury, Poland. In this group, 244 subjects resided in urban areas and 136 participants were rural dwellers. The respondents were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their socioeconomic status (place of permanent residence, age, gender, educational attainment, financial status, membership in senior organizations, marital status, and professional activity) and tourist activity. A significance test of two structure coefficients (α=0.05) was applied. Factors such as gender, professional activity, and marital status were not related with the travel propensity of seniors from different groups (urban and rural), but were significant when rural residents were compared with urban dwellers. Seniors residing in urban areas of Warmia and Mazury, Poland, were significantly more likely to travel for leisure than those residing in rural areas. The tourist activity of seniors decreased significantly (p<0.05) with the age (60-74 years) and financial status of rural residents. The travel propensity of elderly people increased significantly (p<0.05) with educational attainment and membership in senior organizations. The study revealed considerable differences in the socioeconomic status and social characteristics of seniors residing in rural and urban areas, and those variations significantly influenced their propensity for travel: urban residents traveled more frequently than rural residents. It can be concluded that place of residence was a crucial factor determining the tourist behavior of senior citizens, and urban dwellers were more likely to travel.
Carbon Sequestration: Hydrogenation of CO2 to Formic Acid
Authors: Upadhyay Praveenkumar , Srivastava Vivek 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The concentration CO2 gas has become a great worldwide challenge because CO2 is considered as an important counterpart of greenhouse gases. The tremendous increase in the concentration of CO2 gas, elevated the worldwide temperature as well as it altered the climatic changes. Various physiochemical approached have been reported to trap the CO2 gas and the chemical conversion of CO2 to useful chemicals is one of them. This review covers the conversion of CO2 gas to formic acid. In this CO2 hydrogenation reaction, both the homogeneous as well as heterogeneous catalytic systems were discussed along with the effect of solvent systems on reaction kinetics.
Socio-Economical, Environmental Evaluation of Ken-Betwa River Link Project, India
Authors: Pathak Hemant 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The India's ambitious Rs 9,393 crore Ken-Betwa river interlinking project will impact very significantly on Socio-economic life of two million people of Bundelkhand region, India. Water is an important input for survival and sustenance of life. The demand of this natural gift has been increasing exponentially. This ambitious project will help us in irrigation, potable water, cheap transportation, electricity as well as a source of livelihood for our ever increasing population. In Bundelkhand region, there is a severe problem of lack of irrigation in one region and water logging in others. Damage to crops due to drought and pitiable drainage facility could be managed. The objectives of the paper are to study socio-economical issues and environmental challenges in Ken-Betwa River link in India and to study environmental impact of this Project.
Plant Health Risks Arising by the Soil Exhaustion
Authors: Jigău Gheorghe , Cernolev Elena , Acciu Adriana 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Factors that determinated phytosanitarian chernozems worsening was examined in the space between Prut and Nistru in the global phenomenon of agricultural soil exhaustion. It was established anthropological and natural origin (pedofunctional) phenomenon of studied exhaustion chernozems exhaustion. The main cause of cernozems exhaustion is to reduce the dominant role of the training and accumulation of humus. Through this prism of ideas, soil exhaustion and phytosanitarian worsening is inherent to agricultural system currently practiced. The impact mitigating of this process involves the bioenergy resources sustainable management involved in anthropogenic pedogenesis.
Exploitation of Hunting and Fishing Tourism in Galați County, Romania
Authors: Camară Gabriel , Munteanu Mihaela-Violeta 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Galați county is a geographical area that is less valued in terms of tourism, but which benefits by a natural tourism potential. The aim of this study is to identify the potential and the activities of the hunting and fishing tourism. Exploitation of hunting and fishing activities in touristic aim is only partial because of the lack of touristic infrastructure and the lack of collaboration with various travel agencies from this branch of tourism. Proposals that would help the future development and improvement of tourism activity are from “wildlife watching tourism” domain: capturing images with the camera, observing the behavior of hunting species without affecting them, providing information for those interested in the hunting behavior and life fauna, creating a wildlife museum and last but not least, upgrading the transport infrastructure.
The Socio-Economic Impacts on Water Resources in the Răut River Basin
Authors: Petru Bacal , Nadejda Ciocan , Daniela Vîrlan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this research consists in the elucidation of spatial and economic aspects of the water use in the Răut river basin. The main topics presented in this paper are: 1) the dynamics of volume of wastewater discharged into the river Raut basin and its sections; 2) wastewater discharge by the degree of treatment; 3) spatial and branch profile of wastewater discharged: 4) existing problems in evaluation and monitoring of waste water. To achieve these objectives were used traditional methods of geographical and economic research.
Localized Bullous Pemphigoid on the Site of Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report
Authors: Kosi Lucija , Perić Jelena , Pantović Milica , Bijelić Gorana , Vukićević Sretenović Jelica , Škiljević Dušan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Localized bullous pemphigoid is a rare variant of bullous pemphigoid, and its exact etiopathogenesis is yet to be elucidated. We present a case of a 74-year-old Caucasian male with a 3-month history of skin lesions that appeared 9 months after he underwent a knee arthroplasty. Dermatological examination showed several pruritic tense bullae on the right knee, localized around the surgical scar, as well as erosions covered with crusts. The diagnosis of localized bullous pemphigoid was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence test (conventional and split-skin). The patient was treated with potent topical steroids, which led to complete resolution of cutaneous lesions.
We suppose that the occurrence of localized bullous pemphigoid in our patient may be explained by the concept of “immunocompromised district” in which one disease (surgery) caused an immunological alteration which is a predisposing factor for the development of secondary disease such as localized bullous pemphigoid.
Neural Tuning to Numerosity Relates to Perceptual Tuning in 3–6-Year-Old Children
Authors: Kersey Alyssa J. , Cantlon Jessica F. 
Published: December 2016

Neural representations of approximate numerical value, or numerosity, have been observed in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in monkeys and humans, including children. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show that children as young as 3–4 years old exhibit neural tuning to cardinal numerosities in the IPS and that their neural responses are accounted for by a model of numerosity coding that has been used to explain neural responses in the adult IPS. We also found that the sensitivity of children's neural tuning to number in the right IPS was comparable to their numerical discrimination sensitivity observed behaviorally, outside of the scanner. Children's neural tuning curves in the right IPS were significantly sharper than in the left IPS, indicating that numerical representations are more precise and mature more rapidly in the right hemisphere than in the left. Further, we show that children's perceptual sensitivity to numerosity can be predicted by the development of their neural sensitivity to numerosity. This research provides novel evidence of developmental continuity in the neural code underlying numerical representation and demonstrates that children's neural sensitivity to numerosity is related to their cognitive development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere we test for the existence of neural tuning to numerosity in the developing brain in the youngest sample of children tested with fMRI to date. Although previous research shows evidence of numerical distance effects in the intraparietal sulcus of the developing brain, those effects could be explained by patterns of neural activity that do not represent neural tuning to numerosity. These data provide the first robust evidence that from as early as 3–4 years of age there is developmental continuity in how the intraparietal sulcus represents the values of numerosities. Moreover, the study goes beyond previous research by examining the relation between neural tuning and perceptual tuning in children.
The Attraction Effect Modulates Reward Prediction Errors and Intertemporal Choices
Authors: Gluth Sebastian , Hotaling Jared M. , Rieskamp Jörg 
Published: December 2016

Classical economic theory contends that the utility of a choice option should be independent of other options. This view is challenged by the attraction effect, in which the relative preference between two options is altered by the addition of a third, asymmetrically dominated option. Here, we leveraged the attraction effect in the context of intertemporal choices to test whether both decisions and reward prediction errors (RPE) in the absence of choice violate the independence of irrelevant alternatives principle. We first demonstrate that intertemporal decision making is prone to the attraction effect in humans. In an independent group of participants, we then investigated how this affects the neural and behavioral valuation of outcomes using a novel intertemporal lottery task and fMRI. Participants' behavioral responses (i.e., satisfaction ratings) were modulated systematically by the attraction effect and this modulation was correlated across participants with the respective change of the RPE signal in the nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, we show that, because exponential and hyperbolic discounting models are unable to account for the attraction effect, recently proposed sequential sampling models might be more appropriate to describe intertemporal choices. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that the attraction effect modulates subjective valuation even in the absence of choice. The findings also challenge the prospect of using neuroscientific methods to measure utility in a context-free manner and have important implications for theories of reinforcement learning and delay discounting.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMany theories of value-based decision making assume that people first assess the attractiveness of each option independently of each other and then pick the option with the highest subjective value. The attraction effect, however, shows that adding a new option to a choice set can change the relative value of the existing options, which is a violation of the independence principle. Using an intertemporal choice framework, we tested whether such violations also occur when the brain encodes the difference between expected and received rewards (i.e., the reward prediction error). Our results suggest that neither intertemporal choice nor valuation without choice adhere to the independence principle.
Induction of Migraine-Like Photophobic Behavior in Mice by Both Peripheral and Central CGRP Mechanisms
Authors: Mason Bianca N. , Kaiser Eric A. , Kuburas Adisa , Loomis Maria-Cristina M. , Latham John A. , Garcia-Martinez Leon F. , Russo Andrew F. 
Published: December 2016

The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a key player in migraine. Although migraine can be treated using CGRP antagonists that act peripherally, the relevant sites of CGRP action remain unknown. To address the role of CGRP both within and outside the CNS, we used CGRP-induced light-aversive behavior in mice as a measure of migraine-associated photophobia. Peripheral (intraperitoneal) injection of CGRP resulted in light-aversive behavior in wild-type CD1 mice similar to aversion seen previously after central (intracerebroventricular) injection. The phenotype was also observed in C57BL/6J mice, although to a lesser degree and with more variability. After intraperitoneal CGRP, motility was decreased in the dark only, similar to motility changes after intracerebroventricular CGRP. In addition, as with intracerebroventricular CGRP, there was no general increase in anxiety as measured in an open-field assay after intraperitoneal CGRP. Importantly, two clinically effective migraine drugs, the 5-HT1B/Dagonist sumatriptan and a CGRP-blocking monoclonal antibody, attenuated the peripheral CGRP-induced light aversion and motility behaviors. To begin to address the mechanism of peripheral CGRP action, we used transgenic CGRP-sensitized mice that have elevated levels of the CGRP receptor hRAMP1 subunit in nervous tissue (nestin/hRAMP1). Surprisingly, sensitivity to low light was not seen after intraperitoneal CGRP injection, but was seen after intracerebroventricular CGRP injection. These results suggest that CGRP can act in both the periphery and the brain by distinct mechanisms and that CGRP actions may be transmitted to the CNS via indirect sensitization of peripheral nerves.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a central player in migraine pathogenesis, yet its site(s) of action remains unknown. Some preclinical studies have pointed to central sites in the brain and brainstem. However, a peripheral site of action is indicated by the ability of intravenous CGRP to trigger migraine in humans and the efficacy of CGRP receptor antagonists that evidently do no penetrate the CNS in effective amounts. Resolving this issue is particularly important given recent clinical trials showing that anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies can reduce and even prevent migraine attacks. In this study, we report that CGRP can act in both the brain and the periphery of the mouse to cause migraine-like photophobia by apparently distinct mechanisms.
De la urbanización a la intervención urbana estratégica: Instrumentos de planificación intermedia en Costa Rica
Authors: Jiménez Céspedes Roy Allan 
Published: December 2016

ResumenEl presente artículo analiza el contexto y las posibilidades normativas del país para implementar estrategias de planificación de grandes conjuntos urbanos. Este tipo de planificación se ubica entre los planes reguladores locales y la ejecución del proyecto individual. Su aplicación tiene el alcance del conocido pero nunca aplicado “plan maestro”. Los actuales formatos de transformación del suelo en Costa Rica impiden un abordaje integral de grandes conjuntos urbanos. La separación práctica de la figura de la urbanización y del condominio ha generado una mejor salida en el mercado inmobiliario del segundo. Grandes áreas de la ciudad han sido intervenidas bajo el formato de condominio horizontal. Esta práctica aceptada e institucionalizada, provoca que la trama urbana existente experimente un proceso de sobrecarga. Al mismo tiempo, el condominio horizontal se considera exento de las cesiones que el desarrollo inmobiliario debe brindar a la ciudad. La renovación urbana, inexplorada pero existente en nuestra normativa, abraza muchas de las posibilidades para la implementación de diferentes procesos de escala intermedia. AbstractThis paper analyzes the opportunities of Costa Rica to implement planning strategies for large urban sectors. This kind of planning takes place between municipal planning (local government) and specific (urban) projects, in which case, replaces the quite known but difficult to apply “master plan”. The current patterns of urban development and real estate in Costa Rica, prevent an integrated approach on large urban sectors. The lack of commercial advantages of the traditional urban development versus the gated community has provoked that large sectors of the city have been intervened as closed environments. The consequences of this very profitable and institutionalized practiceare the overload on existing urban areas and the deficit of public facilities, which are necessary for an adequate urban growth. The urban renewal concept, unexplored but present in Costa Rican urban regulations, sets up the ground rules for the approach to large urban areas, also known as partial plans.