bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Researching Corporate Social Responsibility Communication: Themes, Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Crane Andrew , Glozer Sarah 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGrowing recognition that communication with stakeholders forms an essential element in the design, implementation and success of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has given rise to a burgeoning CSR communication literature. However this literature is scattered across various sub‐disciplines of management research and exhibits considerable heterogeneity in its core assumptions, approaches and goals. This article provides a thematically‐driven review of the extant literature across five core sub‐disciplines, identifying dominant views upon the audience of CSR communication (internal/external actors) and CSR communication purpose, as well as pervasive theoretical approaches and research paradigms manifested across these areas. The article then sets out a new conceptual framework – the 4Is of CSR communication research – that distinguishes between research on CSR Integration, CSR Interpretation, CSR Identity, and CSR Image. This typology of research streams organizes the central themes, opportunities and challenges for CSR communication theory development, and provides a heuristic against which future research can be located.
The Effect of the Canine ABCB1‐1Δ Mutation on Sedation after Intravenous Administration of Acepromazine
Authors: Deshpande D. , Hill K.E. , Mealey K.L. , Chambers J.P. , Gieseg M.A. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundDog breeds with the ABCB1‐1Δ mutation have substantially truncated nonfunctional P‐glycoprotein. Dogs homozygous for this mutation (mut/mut) are susceptible to the toxic adverse effects of ivermectin, loperamide, and vincristine. Anecdotal reports suggested ABCB1 mut/mut dogs showed increased depth and duration of acepromazine sedation.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThat ABCB1 mut/mut dogs have increased depth and duration of sedation after acepromazine IV compared to normal dogs (nor/nor).AnimalsTwenty‐nine rough‐coated collies were divided into 3 groups of dogs based on their ABCB1 genotype: 10 mut/mut, 10 mut/nor, and 9 nor/nor.MethodsDogs were given 0.04 mg/kg of acepromazine IV. Level of sedation, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were recorded for 6 hours after acepromazine administration. Area under the curves (AUCs) of the normalized sedation score results were calculated and compared.ResultsThe median sedation scores for ABCB1 mut/mut dogs were higher than nor/nor dogs at all time points and were higher in mut/nor dogs for the first 2 hours. These differences were not found to be significant for any individual time point (P > .05). The median sedation score AUC for mut/mut dogs was significantly higher than nor/nor dogs (P = .028), but the AUC for mut/nor dogs was not (P = .45). There were no significant differences between groups for heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure (P > .05).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn ABCB1 mut/mut dogs acepromazine dose rates should be reduced and careful monitoring performed during sedation.
Mobile genetic elements: in silico, in vitro, in vivo
Authors: Arkhipova Irina R. , Rice Phoebe A. 
Published: January 2016

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), also called transposable elements (TEs), represent universal components of most genomes and are intimately involved in nearly all aspects of genome organization, function and evolution. However, there is currently a gap between the fast pace of TE discovery in silico, driven by the exponential growth of comparative genomic studies, and a limited number of experimental models amenable to more traditional in vitro and in vivo studies of structural, mechanistic and regulatory properties of diverse MGEs. Experimental and computational scientists came together to bridge this gap at a recent conference, ‘Mobile Genetic Elements: in silico, in vitro, in vivo’, held at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, MA, USA.
Characterization of hepatic and cardiac iron deposition during standard treatment of anaemia in haemodialysis
Authors: Holman Richard , Olynyk John K. , Kulkarni Hemant , Ferrari Paolo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundParenteral iron is integral in the treatment of anaemia of chronic kidney disease patients on haemodialysis (HD). However, increased liver iron concentration (LIC) can result from such treatment, and this correlates poorly with serum ferritin or transferrin saturation values. It is unclear whether increased cardiac iron concentration also occurs in this setting. We aimed to evaluate the relationship of intravenous iron supplementation to hepatic and cardiac iron deposition in chronic HD subjects.MethodsA cohort of 10 patients on chronic HD for at least 1 year underwent MRI‐based quantitation of hepatic and cardiac iron content to evaluate the relationship between intravenous iron supplements and hepatic and cardiac iron deposition. The results were compared against the cumulative parenteral iron dose and serum iron markers.ResultsThe median age was 61 years (95% confidence interval (CI) 50–71), HD time 2.5 years (95%CI 2.0–5.3) and cumulative iron dose 4300 mg (95%CI 2110–9045). Hepatic iron concentration was elevated in eight of 10 subjects (median 46 mmol/kg, range 31–76). Cardiac iron levels were within the reference range in all subjects. There was poor correlation between conventional haematinic values and either LIC or cardiac iron levels. None of the study subjects exhibited elevated cardiac iron concentration.ConclusionWhilst HD patients receiving standard parenteral iron therapy have elevated LICs, this is not associated with cardiac iron deposition. Transferrin saturation and serum ferritin levels are poor markers of either liver or cardiac iron deposition in HD subjects.
Disruption of endosperm development is a major cause of hybrid seed inviability between Mimulus guttatus and Mimulus nudatus
Authors: Oneal Elen , Willis John H. , Franks Robert G. 
Published: January 2016

Summary

Divergence of developmental mechanisms within populations could lead to hybrid developmental failure, and might be a factor driving speciation in angiosperms.

We investigate patterns of endosperm and embryo development in Mimulus guttatus and the closely related, serpentine endemic Mimulus nudatus, and compare them to those of reciprocal hybrid seed. We address whether disruption in hybrid seed development is the primary source of reproductive isolation between these sympatric taxa.

M. guttatus and M. nudatus differ in the pattern and timing of endosperm and embryo development. Some hybrid seeds exhibit early disruption of endosperm development and are completely inviable, while others develop relatively normally at first, but later exhibit impaired endosperm proliferation and low germination success. These developmental patterns are reflected in mature hybrid seeds, which are either small and flat (indicating little to no endosperm) or shriveled (indicating reduced endosperm volume). Hybrid seed inviability forms a potent reproductive barrier between M. guttatus and M. nudatus.

We shed light on the extent of developmental variation between closely related species within the M. guttatus species complex, an important ecological model system, and provide a partial mechanism for the hybrid barrier between M. guttatus and M. nudatus.
Telltale eyes: the lateral visual systems of Rhenish Lower Devonian eurypterids (Arthropoda, Chelicerata) and their palaeobiological implications
Authors: Poschmann Markus , Schoenemann Brigitte , McCoy Victoria E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe compound eyes of three taxa of Rhenish Lower Devonian eurypterids are examined and compared with those known from other eurypterids and the extant horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. The lateral eyes of the small species Rhenopterus diensti, a phylogenetically basal representative of the stylonurine clade, are characterized by a comparatively low number of lenses and high interommatidial angle Δφ (2.8°). The comparatively limited visual capacities of R. diensti are more similar to L. polyphemus than to its closer relatives of the eurypterine clade and perhaps this reflects a progression of lateral eye structure in the evolution of eurypterids as a whole. The number of eye facets in Adelophthalmus sievertsi is higher than that in the supposed ambush predator Acutiramus cummingsi, but lower than that in other ‘swimming’ eurypterids (Eurypterina). Due to poor preservation, no other eye parameters could be analysed in this species, but further morphological attributes and geographical distribution designate the mid‐sized A. sievertsi as an able swimmer. A low interommatidial angle Δφ of less than 1° confirms that the visual capacities of Jaekelopterus rhenaniae are in line with an interpretation of this giant species as an active high‐level predator. The inferred lifestyles of adult individuals of these three, co‐occurring Rhenish eurypterids indicate niche differentiation avoiding to some degree the competition for food in their marginal marine to delta plain transitional habitats.
First‐generation HapMap in Cajanus spp. reveals untapped variations in parental lines of mapping populations
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Khan Aamir W. , Saxena Rachit K. , Garg Vanika , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWhole genome re‐sequencing (WGRS) was conducted on a panel of 20 Cajanus spp. accessions (crossing parentals of recombinant inbred lines, introgression lines, multiparent advanced generation intercross and nested association mapping population) comprising of two wild species and 18 cultivated species accessions. A total of 791.77 million paired‐end reads were generated with an effective mapping depth of ~12X per accession. Analysis of WGRS data provided 5 465 676 genome‐wide variations including 4 686 422 SNPs and 779 254 InDels across the accessions. Large structural variations in the form of copy number variations (2598) and presence and absence variations (970) were also identified. Additionally, 2 630 904 accession‐specific variations comprising of 2 278 571 SNPs (86.6%), 166 243 deletions (6.3%) and 186 090 insertions (7.1%) were also reported. Identified polymorphic sites in this study provide the first‐generation HapMap in Cajanus spp. which will be useful in mapping the genomic regions responsible for important traits.
Post‐traumatic growth of children affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake and their attitudes to memorial services and media coverage
Authors: Yoshida Hirokazu , Kobayashi Natsuko , Honda Nami , Matsuoka Hiroo , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Homma Hiroaki , Tomita Hiroaki 
Published: January 2016

AimsPost‐traumatic growth (PTG) refers to positive changes that result from coping with a major life crisis or a traumatic event. Factors influencing PTG in youth have not been well characterized but could have a great impact on overall maturation.MethodsFourth to ninth graders (n = 3337) attending elementary or junior high schools located in a district severely damaged by the Great East Japan Earthquake completed a questionnaire, including the revised Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children (PTGI‐C‐R) along with the Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms for Children 15 items (PTSSC‐15), 31 months after the event. Experience of the disaster, prior traumatic experiences, and attitudes toward memories of the disaster (rumination) were scored by their caregivers and teachers, and effects of these factors on PTG were evaluated.ResultsThere were no significant associations between PTGI‐C‐R and sex or experiences of the disaster. However, PTGI‐C‐R was negatively correlated with age (r = −0.132, P < 0.001). There was significant but very weak negative correlation between PTGI‐C‐R and PTSSC‐15 among the children (r = −0.096, P < 0.001). PTGI‐C‐R was significantly associated with positive attitudes to memorial services (P < 0.001) and media coverage (P < 0.05).ConclusionPositive attitudes to deliberate rumination may facilitate PTG in children following natural disasters.
Social Media Use in Pediatric Dermatology
Authors: Fogel Alexander L. , Teng Joyce M. C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSocial media is predicted to become increasingly important in dermatology because of its potential to serve as a platform for public health campaigns, aid in participant recruitment for clinical trials, increase public engagement in health care, and facilitate scientific discourse. No study of social media use in pediatric dermatology has been performed, so we analyzed the use of the seven leading social media platforms in pediatric dermatology, with a focus on patient advocacy groups, professional societies, research journals, and research institutions. We observed that 89% of patient advocacy groups, 100% of professional societies, 62.5% of research journals, and 0% of academic pediatric dermatology departments maintained one or more social media accounts. Our observations suggest that all stakeholder groups, and in particular members of the research community, have the potential to further their engagement, connections, and communications through social media.
Increased C‐reactive protein and fever in Japanese infants with food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome
Authors: Kimura Mitsuaki , Ito Yasunori , Tokunaga Fumika , Meguro Takaaki , Shimomura Masaki , Morishita Hideaki , Seto Shiro 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundIncreased C‐reactive protein (CRP) and fever are observed in some infants with food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) in Japan, but the reproducibility of these findings has not yet been confirmed on oral food challenge (OFC).MethodsFourteen infants with FPIES induced by cow's milk (CM) formula were enrolled. OFC using CM formula was performed on each infant once or repeatedly (total 18 tests), with a stepwise incremental protocol in an infection‐controlled setting. CRP was measured 24 h after the last ingestion of the CM formula.ResultsIncreased CRP was observed in 11 of the 18 OFC conducted (median, 2.60 mg/dL; range, 0.22–4.84 mg/dL). Fever was induced in six occasions during OFC. Serum CRP in the patients with fever increased to median 3.76 mg/dL (range, <0.7–4.84 mg/dL), which was significantly higher than that of the patients without fever (median <0.1 mg/dL; range, <0.1–2.6 mg/dL; P < 0.001). CRP during OFC significantly correlated with that at disease onset (rs = 0.62, P < 0.02). Three of the four patients with fever at disease onset also had fever during OFC.ConclusionsIncreased CRP and fever are reproducible during OFC in some infants with FPIES, suggesting that these are not accidental phenomena, but instead are associated with FPIES itself in Japanese patients.
Pathogenesis ofTaenia soliumtaeniasis and cysticercosis
Authors: Gonzales I. , Rivera J. T. , Garcia H. H. ,   for The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru
Published: January 2016

SummaryTaenia solium infections (taeniasis/cysticercosis) are a major scourge to most developing countries. Neurocysticercosis, the infection of the human nervous system by the cystic larvae of this parasite, has a protean array of clinical manifestations varying from entirely asymptomatic infections to aggressive, lethal courses. The diversity of clinical manifestations reflects a series of contributing factors which include the number, size and location of the invading parasites, and particularly the inflammatory response of the host. This manuscript reviews the different presentations of T. solium infections in the human host with a focus on the mechanisms or processes responsible for their clinical expression.
Healthcare Facility Choice and User Fee Abolition: Regression Discontinuity in a Multinomial Choice Setting
Authors: Koch Steven F. , Racine Jeffrey S. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWe apply parametric and non-parametric regression discontinuity methodology within a multinomial choice setting to examine the effect of public healthcare user fee abolition on health facility choice by using data from South Africa. The non-parametric model is found to outperform the parametric model both in and out of sample, while also delivering more plausible estimates of the effect of user fee abolition (i.e. the ‘treatment effect’). In the parametric framework, treatment effects were relatively constant—around 10%—and that increase was drawn equally from home care and private care. In contrast, in the non-parametric framework treatment effects were largest for large (and poor) families located further from health facilities—approximately 5%. More plausibly, the positive treatment effect was drawn primarily from home care, suggesting that the policy favoured children living in poorer conditions, as those children received at least some minimum level of professional healthcare after the policy was implemented.
Variable Selection via Additive Conditional Independence
Authors: Lee Kuang-Yao , Li Bing , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWe propose a non-parametric variable selection method which does not rely on any regression model or predictor distribution. The method is based on a new statistical relationship, called additive conditional independence, that has been introduced recently for graphical models. Unlike most existing variable selection methods, which target the mean of the response, the method proposed targets a set of attributes of the response, such as its mean, variance or entire distribution. In addition, the additive nature of this approach offers non-parametric flexibility without employing multi-dimensional kernels. As a result it retains high accuracy for high dimensional predictors. We establish estimation consistency, convergence rate and variable selection consistency of the method proposed. Through simulation comparisons we demonstrate that the method proposed performs better than existing methods when the predictor affects several attributes of the response, and it performs competently in the classical setting where the predictors affect the mean only. We apply the new method to a data set concerning how gene expression levels affect the weight of mice.
Is Personalization the Right Plan at the Wrong Time? Re‐thinking Cash‐for‐Care in an Age of Austerity
Authors: Pearson Charlotte , Ridley Julie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAs personalization has dominated the policy agenda for reform in social care, its roll‐out as a mainstream option has coincided with global programmes of austerity which have targeted services for disabled people. Was this simply bad timing or was its implementation always part of the agenda for reform? Whilst the principle of cash‐for‐care schemes drew strongly on promoting the independence and autonomy of disabled people, early incarnations of direct payments policy in the UK were initially at least in part rolled out in light of potential cost savings to social care budgets. This article explores these and other issues in light of evaluations of the Scottish government's self‐directed support (SDS) test sites (2009–11) and implementation of subsequent legislation enforcing models of SDS in Scotland from April 2014. Discussion draws on the authors’ recent book (Pearson et al. 2014) to reflect on what the evidence can tell us about radically transforming social care at a time of global austerity.
Gastrointestinal dysmotility disorders in critically ill dogs and cats
Authors: Whitehead KimMi , Cortes Yonaira , Eirmann Laura 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo review the human and veterinary literature regarding gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility disorders in respect to pathogenesis, patient risk factors, and treatment options in critically ill dogs and cats.EtiologyGI dysmotility is a common sequela of critical illness in people and small animals. The most common GI motility disorders in critically ill people and small animals include esophageal dysmotility, delayed gastric emptying, functional intestinal obstruction (ie, ileus), and colonic motility abnormalities. Medical conditions associated with the highest risk of GI dysmotility include mechanical ventilation, sepsis, shock, trauma, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and multiple organ failure. The incidence and pathophysiology of GI dysmotility in critically ill small animals is incompletely understood.DiagnosisA presumptive diagnosis of GI dysmotility is often made in high‐risk patient populations following detection of persistent regurgitation, vomiting, lack of tolerance of enteral nutrition, abdominal pain, and constipation. Definitive diagnosis is established via radioscintigraphy; however, this diagnostic tool is not readily available and is difficult to perform on small animals. Other diagnostic modalities that have been evaluated include abdominal ultrasonography, radiographic contrast, and tracer studies.TherapyTherapy is centered at optimizing GI perfusion, enhancement of GI motility, and early enteral nutrition. Pharmacological interventions are instituted to promote gastric emptying and effective intestinal motility and prevention of complications. Promotility agents, including ranitidine/nizatidine, metoclopramide, erythromycin, and cisapride are the mainstays of therapy in small animals.PrognosisThe development of complications related to GI dysmotility (eg, gastroesophageal reflux and aspiration) have been associated with increased mortality risk. Institution of prophylaxic therapy is recommended in high‐risk patients, however, no consensus exists regarding optimal timing of initiating prophylaxic measures, preference of treatment, or duration of therapy. The prognosis for affected small animal patients remains unknown.
Red blood cell microvesicles: a storage lesion or a possible salvage mechanism
Authors: Delobel J. , Barelli S. , Canellini G. , Prudent M. , Lion N. , Tissot J.‐D. 
Published: January 2016

Erythrocyte concentrates are the major labile blood products used for transfusion worldwide. Erythrocyte concentrates are stored at 4°C for up to 42–49 days in additive solutions. This storage induces cellular lesions, which include alterations in red blood cell (RBC) metabolism, protein content and rheological properties. The impact of these storage lesions is intensely debated, because transfusion‐related clinical adverse outcomes have been associated with the age of erythrocyte concentrates. Although altered red blood cell metabolism and early rheological changes are reversible with one transfused, oxidized proteins cannot be repaired. Thus, some irreversible damage might affect the quality of the blood product and the efficiency of the transfusion. In vivo, red blood cells are constantly exposed to oxygen fluxes but are well equipped to deal with oxidative challenges. Moreover, erythrocytes can eliminate oxidized proteins by capturing them in microvesicles, which are subsequently shed into the medium. This review discusses some biochemical aspects of RBC storage and microvesiculation.