bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movement System Impairment-Guided Approach to the Physical Therapist Treatment of a Patient With Postpartum Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Case Report
Authors: Kurz Jenny , Borello-France Diane 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background and Purpose. Women with postpartum pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence are often treated by physical therapists specializing in women's health. Movement system impairments often coexist in this patient population. The purpose of this case report is to describe the physical therapist treatment of a woman with postpartum POP complicated by additional pelvic symptoms.
Case Description. A 31-year-old woman presented with postpartum POP, diastasis recti, urinary incontinence, and constipation. Movement system impairments were consistent with a physical therapist diagnosis of femoral adduction-medial rotation syndrome exacerbated by levator ani muscle weakness and incoordination and impaired intra-abdominal pressure regulation. Interventions, based on a movement system guided approach, included postural correction; pelvic-floor, abdominal, and hip muscle strengthening; functional training to correct identified movement faults; and patient education.
Outcomes. Movement system impairment outcomes included: correction of femoral adduction-medial rotation and knee hyperextension during standing at rest, ambulation, and exercise; increased hip muscle strength; and effective regulation of intra-abdominal pressure (resolution of breath holding with the Valsalva maneuver) during all transitional movements and therapeutic exercise. The patient also demonstrated reductions in POP, urinary, and colorectal symptom severity that exceeded the minimal clinically important difference. Additionally, she demonstrated a reduction in diastasis rectus distance.
Discussion. A movement system impairment-guided approach led the physical therapist to consider impairments outside the pelvic floor that could have contributed to the patient's pelvic symptoms. Using this approach, the patient achieved resolution of musculoskeletal and movement impairments and reductions in POP, urinary and colorectal symptoms, and symptom-related distress.
131I- und 99mTc-Uptake in fokalen Schilddrüsenautonomien
Authors: Kranert W. Tilman , Bockisch Benjamin , Korkusuz Hüdayi , Grünwald Frank , Happel Christian 
Published: September 2016

SummaryGermany has developed into a country with a nationwide largely sufficient iodine supply due to improved alimentary iodine supply. The reduction of iodine uptake in focal autonomies induced by reduced iodine avidity was evaluated by Gotthardt et al. 2006, showing a significant decline of pertechnetate uptake up to the year 2004. Aim: This study was intended to carry this investigation forward to the present day to analyze the course of a conjectural stabilization of iodine uptake values. Patients, material, methods: 283 patients who underwent radioiodine therapy for focal thyroid were analyzed retrospectively. Pertechnetate uptake was measured scintigraphically, thyroid volume sonographically and iodine uptake by iodine uptake test. The uptake percentage in the autonomous volume was correlated with autonomous volume and the resulting values tracked over a time period of seven years. Results : Mean thyroid volume ranged from 24 to 29 ml, autonomous volume from 7.2 to 9.4 ml. Pertechnetate uptake ranged from 0.2 to 0.25%/ml autonomous volume. Iodine uptake values ranged from 3.2 to 4.2%/ml autonomous volume. None of the changes observed were statistically significant (all p>0.05). Conclusion: Prophylactic measures towards improvement of the general public´s iodine supply in Germany had led to a decline of pertechnetate and iodine uptake in the thyroid up until the turn of the millennium. The here presented data show a stabilization of 99mTc-Uptake. Our study could also show that actual iodine uptake has stabilized at a steady level over the preceding seven years.
REFLECTION OF PROPAGATING SLOW MAGNETO-ACOUSTIC WAVES IN HOT CORONAL LOOPS: MULTI-INSTRUMENT OBSERVATIONS AND NUMERICAL MODELING
Authors: Mandal Sudip , Yuan Ding , Fang Xia , Banerjee Dipankar , Pant Vaibhav , Doorsselaere Tom Van 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Slow MHD waves are important tools for understanding coronal structures and dynamics. In this paper, we report a number of observations from the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) on board HINODE and Solar Dynamic Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) of reflecting longitudinal waves in hot coronal loops. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this kind as seen from the XRT and simultaneously with the AIA. The wave appears after a micro-flare occurs at one of the footpoints. We estimate the density and temperature of the loop plasma by performing differential emission measure (DEM) analysis on the AIA image sequence. The estimated speed of propagation is comparable to or lower than the local sound speed, suggesting it to be a propagating slow wave. The intensity perturbation amplitude, in every case, falls very rapidly as the perturbation moves along the loop and eventually vanishes after one or more reflections. To check the consistency of such reflection signatures with the obtained loop parameters, we perform a 2.5D MHD simulation, which uses the parameters obtained from our observation as inputs, and perform forward modeling to synthesize AIA 94 Å images. Analyzing the synthesized images, we obtain the same properties of the observables as for the real observation. From the analysis we conclude that a footpoint heating can generate a slow wave which then reflects back and forth in the coronal loop before fading. Our analysis of the simulated data shows that the main agent for this damping is anisotropic thermal conduction.
SWIFT COALESCENCE OF SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES IN COSMOLOGICAL MERGERS OF MASSIVE GALAXIES
Authors: Khan Fazeel Mahmood , Fiacconi Davide , Mayer Lucio , Berczik Peter , Just Andreas 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are ubiquitous in galaxies with a sizable mass. It is expected that a pair of SMBHs originally in the nuclei of two merging galaxies would form a binary and eventually coalesce via a burst of gravitational waves. So far, theoretical models and simulations, focusing only on limited phases of the orbital decay of SMBHs under idealized conditions of the galaxy hosts, have been unable to directly predict the SMBH merger timescale from ab-initio galaxy formation theory. The predicted SMBH merger timescales are long, of order Gyrs, which could be problematic for future gravitational wave (GW) searches. Here, we present the first multi-scale ΛCDM cosmological simulation that follows the orbital decay of a pair of SMBHs in a merger of two typical massive galaxies at

, all the way to the final coalescence driven by GW emission. The two SMBHs, with masses

, settle quickly in the nucleus of the merger remnant. The remnant is triaxial and extremely dense due to the dissipative nature of the merger and the intrinsic compactness of galaxies at high redshift. Such properties naturally allow a very efficient hardening of the SMBH binary. The SMBH merger occurs in only ∼10 Myr after the galactic cores have merged, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than the Hubble time.
ULTRA-DEEP KS-BAND IMAGING OF THE HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELDS
Authors: Brammer Gabriel B. , Marchesini Danilo , Labbé Ivo , Spitler Lee , Lange-Vagle Daniel , Barker Elizbeth A. , Tanaka Masayuki , Fontana Adriano , Galametz Audrey , Ferré-Mateu Anna , Kodama Tadayuki , Lundgren Britt , Martis Nicholas , Muzzin Adam , Stefanon Mauro , Toft Sune , Wel Arjen van der , Vulcani Benedetta , Whitaker Katherine E. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We present an overview of the “KIFF” project, which provides ultra-deep K

s
-band imaging of all six of the Hubble Frontier Fields clusters, Abell 2744, MACS-0416, Abell S1063, Abell 370, MACS-0717, and MACS-1149. All of these fields have recently been observed with large allocations of Directors’ Discretionary Time with the Hubble and Spitzer telescopes, covering

and 3.6–4.5

, respectively. VLT/HAWK-I integrations of the first four fields reach 5σ limiting depths of

(AB, point sources) and have excellent image quality (FWHM ∼ 0.″4). The MACS-0717 and MACS-1149 fields are observable from the northern hemisphere, and shorter Keck/MOSFIRE integrations on those fields reach limiting depths of K

s
= 25.5 and 25.1, with a seeing FWHM of ∼ 0.″4 and

. In all cases the K

s
-band mosaics cover the primary cluster and parallel HST/ACS+WFC3 fields. The total area of the K

s
-band coverage is 490 arcmin2. The K

s
-band at 2.2

crucially fills the gap between the reddest HST filter (1.6

band) and the IRAC 3.6

passband. While reaching the full depths of the space-based imaging is not currently feasible from the ground, the deep K

s
-band images provide important constraints on both the redshifts and the stellar population properties of galaxies extending well below the characteristic stellar mass across most of the age of the universe, down to and including the redshifts of the targeted galaxy clusters (

). Reduced, aligned mosaics of all six survey fields are provided.
Nitric Oxide in Health and Physical Performance: Considering the Molecule 2 Nitrooxy Ethyl 2 Amino 3 Methylbutanoate
Authors: Bloomer Richard J. 
Published: September 2016

<p class="jbls-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Nitric oxide (NO<sup>∙</sup>) is an important signaling molecule that has received considerable attention in recent years for its beneficial impact on a variety of health related outcomes. The effects range from improving various aspects of circulatory health to aiding exercise performance. Although NO<sup>∙</sup> is produced naturally within the body, methods have been proposed to increase circulating NO<sup>∙</sup> within humans. Most notably, the performance of regular exercise, the use of pharmaceutical agents, and the use of nutritional ingredients has been studied. A newly developed molecule known as 2 nitrooxy ethyl 2 amino 3 methylbutanoate (VEEN™) is now being studied as a next generation NO<sup>∙</sup> agent. This paper discusses the importance of NO<sup>∙</sup> in human health, with a particular focus on methods to increase NO<sup>∙</sup>. Attention is given to VEEN™, highlighting the studies performed to date using this molecule. </span></p>
Las órdenes religiosas y la crisis en el nombramiento de obispos en Castilla bajo Felipe IV (1621-1665)
Authors: Rawlings Helen 
Published: September 2016

La Iglesia española del siglo XVII se destacó entre otros países católicos de la Europa occidental por el alto porcentaje de miembros de las órdenes religiosas - especialmente dominicanos - reclutados como obispos. Mientras que su autoridad como predicadores y teólogos, en la tradición post-tridentina, los hizo candidatos eminentemente aptos para el cargo, tenían poca experiencia en asuntos de gobierno – requisito fundamental de un episcopado que trabajó en estrecha alianza con el Estado. Las presiones tanto políticas como fiscales a las que fue sujeta esta alianza en tiempos de Felipe IV provocaron una crisis sin precedentes en la provisión de candidatos a obispados en Castilla, que resultó en el ascenso de las órdenes religiosas en la carrera de obispo.
A tríade educar, ensinar e formar na teoria pedagógica: da paideia grega ao pensamento crítico adorniano
Authors: Oliveira Thiago Luiz Santos de 
Published: September 2016

<p>O objetivo deste artigo é abordar o desenvolvimento da teoria pedagógica, a partir da tríade educar, ensinar e formar. A perspectiva tricotômica da prática estruturada nas dimensões de educar, ensinar e formar fundamentam o preâmbulo da teoria pedagógica. No desenvolvimento histórico da educação percebe-se que essa tríade faz-se presente com constância e evidencia-se, sobretudo, em momentos de crise que se constituem de efetivas transformações na história da humanidade. Faz-se importante esclarecer que o processo histórico é composto de rupturas e permanecias que nos momentos transicionais de crise estabelecem-se com maior vigor. A partir dessa perspectiva pode-se dizer que as dimensões pedagógicas educar, ensinar e formar são retomadas ou renovadas mediante contextos e temporalidades. Para o entendimento de uma teoria educacional que em seu âmago tenha como objetivo fundante a experiência autônoma e o esclarecimento, neste texto buscar-se-á resgatar aspectos da história educacional humana, visitando, primeiramente, o pensamento grego clássico mediante a Paideia, posteriormente, a perspectiva educacional de Jon Amos Comenius, logo após o ideal emancipatório de Immanuel Kant e, por último, o pensamento crítico de Theodor Adorno.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The purpose of this article is to address the development of pedagogical theory from the triad education, teaching and formacion. The trichotomic perspective of structured practice in the dimensions of education, teaching and formacion underlying the preamble of pedagogical theory. In the historical development of education is perceived that the triad is present with constancy, and is evident especially in times of crisis. In this context means for crisis moments of effective transformations in human history. It will be important to clarify that the historical process consists of ruptures and continuities, and in these transitional times of crisis these disruptions and continuities established with greater vigor. From this perspective it can be said that the pedagogical dimensions educate, teach , and form are set out or renewed by contexts and temporalities . In order to understand an educational theory that at its core has the purpose founding the autonomous experience and enlightenment in this chapter will seek to rescue – educational aspects of human history, first visiting the classical Greek thought by Paideia later educational perspective Jon Amos Comenius, after the emancipatory ideal of Immanuel Kant and finally the critical thinking of Theodor Adorno.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Educational Theory. Education. Teaching and Formation. Critical theory.</p>
Management of the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
Authors: Chan Edward Y. , Gaur Puja , Ge Yimin , Kopas Lisa , Santacruz Jose F. , Gupta Nakul , Munden Reginald F. , Cagle Philip T. , Kim Min P. 
Published: September 2016

Context.—Optimal management of the patient with a solitary pulmonary nodule entails early diagnosis and appropriate treatment for patients with malignant tumors, and minimization of unnecessary interventions and procedures for those with ultimately benign nodules. With the growing number of high-resolution imaging modalities and studies available, incidentally found solitary pulmonary nodules are an increasingly common occurrence.Objective.—To provide guidance to clinicians involved in the management of patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule, including aspects of risk stratification, workup, diagnosis, and management.Data Sources.—Data for this review were gathered from an extensive literature review on the topic.Conclusions.—Logical evaluation and management pathways for a patient with a solitary pulmonary nodule will allow providers to diagnose and treat individuals with early stage lung cancer and minimize morbidity from invasive procedures for patients with benign lesions.
Assessing surface heat fluxes in atmospheric reanalyses with a decade of data from the NOAA Kuroshio Extension Observatory
Authors: Zhang Dongxiao , Cronin Meghan F. , Wen Caihong , Xue Yan , Kumar Arun , McClurg Dai 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPrevious studies have found large biases and uncertainties in the air‐sea fluxes from Numerical Weather Prediction model reanalyses, which must be identified and reduced in order to make progress on weather and climate predictions. Here air‐sea heat fluxes from NOAA Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) measurements are used to assess two new reanalyses, NCEP's Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and ECMWF Reanalysis‐Interim (ERA‐I), suggesting that these two new generation reanalyses have significantly improved. In both reanalyses, all four flux components (sensible and latent heat flux and net longwave and shortwave radiation) are highly correlated with observation, with the correlation of total net surface heat fluxes above 0.96. Although errors of the net surface heat flux have significantly reduced from previous reanalyses, the Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs) and biases remain high especially for CFSR: the RMSEs of CFSR and ERA‐I are reduced by 25–30% to 64 and 61 W/m2, respectively, while biases are reduced by 40–60% to 28 and 20 W/m2. But CFSR overestimates the winter heat release by 90 W/m2. The main cause of biases is the latent heat flux, while RMS errors are primarily due to latent heat flux and shortwave radiation errors. Both reanalyses overestimate the wind speed associated with winter storms and underestimate specific humidity in summer. The ERA‐I latent heat flux and its total net surface heat flux are however closer to observation. It is the bulk algorithm in CFSR that is found to be mainly responsible for overestimates of winter heat release in CFSR.
Examination of feline extraocular motoneuron pools as a function of muscle fiber innervation type and muscle layer
Authors: Bohlen Martin O. , Warren Susan , Mustari Michael J. , May Paul J. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThis study explores two points related to the pattern of innervation of the extraocular muscles. First, species differences exist in the location of the motoneurons supplying multiply innervated fibers (MIFs) and singly innervated fibers (SIFs) in eye muscles. MIF motoneurons are located outside the extraocular nuclei in primates, but are intermixed with SIF motoneurons within rat extraocular nuclei. To test whether this difference is related to visual capacity and frontal placement of eyes, we injected retrograde tracers into the medial rectus muscle of the cat, a highly visual nonprimate with frontally placed eyes. Distal injections labeled smaller MIF motoneurons located ventrolaterally and rostrally within the oculomotor nucleus (III). More central injections also labeled a separate population of larger cells located dorsally in III. Thus, the cat shares with the nocturnal rat the feature of having MIF motoneurons located within the bounds of III. On the other hand, just as with monkeys, cats show segregation of the MIF and SIF medial rectus motoneuron pools, albeit in a different pattern. Second, extraocular muscles are divided into two layers; the inner, global layer inserts into the sclera, and the outer, orbital layer inserts into the connective tissue pulley. To test whether these layers are supplied by anatomically discrete motoneuron pools, we injected tracer into the orbital layer of the cat lateral rectus muscle. No evidence of either morphological or distributional differences was found, suggesting that the functional differences in these layers may be due mainly to their orbital anatomy, not their innervation. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:919–935, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Light and Electron Microscopy Methods for Examination of Cochlear Morphology in Mouse Models of Deafness
Authors: Parker Andrew , Chessum Lauren , Mburu Philomena , Sanderson Jeremy , Bowl Michael R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMice are an invaluable model organism for the study of auditory function. Even though there are differences in size and frequency response, the anatomy and physiology of the mouse and human ear are remarkably similar. In addition, the tools available for genetic manipulation in the mouse have enabled the generation of models carrying mutations in orthologous human deafness‐causing genes, helping to validate these lesions and assess their functional consequence. Reciprocally, novel gene mutations discovered to cause auditory deficits in the mouse highlight potential new loci for human hearing loss, and expand our basic knowledge of the mechanisms and pathways important for the function of the mammalian ear. Microscopy and imaging are invaluable techniques that allow detailed characterization of cochlear pathologies associated with particular gene mutations. However, the highly organized, delicate, and intricate structures responsible for transduction of sound waves into nerve impulses are encapsulated in one of the hardest bones in the body – the temporal bone. This makes sample preparation without damage to the soft tissue, be it from dissection or processing, somewhat challenging. Fortunately, there are numerous methods for achieving high‐quality images of the mouse cochlea. Reported in this article are a selection of sample preparation and imaging techniques that can be used routinely to assess cochlear morphology. Several protocols are also described for immunodetection of proteins in the cochlea. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages between different imaging platforms and their suitability for different types of microscopic examination are highlighted. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Development and optimization of a standard method for extraction of microplastics in mussels by enzyme digestion of soft tissues
Authors: Catarino Ana I. , Thompson Richard , Sanderson William , Henry Theodore B. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

The authors compared procedures for digestion of mussel soft tissues and extraction of microplastics. Complete tissue digestion was achieved with 1M NaOH, 35% HNO3, and protease at 9.6 UHb/mL (unit hemoglobin per mL); but use of HNO3 caused unacceptable destruction of some microplastics. Recovery of microplastics spiked into mussels was similar (93 ± 10%) for NaOH and enzyme digestions. The authors recommend use of industrial enzymes based on digestion efficiency, microplastic recovery, and avoidance of caustic chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:947–951. © 2016 SETAC
Gain Modulation of Cholinergic Neurons in the Medial Septum‐Diagonal Band of Broca Through Hyperpolarization
Authors: Melonakos Eric D. , White John A. , Fernandez Fernando R. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTHippocampal network oscillations are important for learning and memory. Theta rhythms are involved in attention, navigation, and memory encoding, whereas sharp wave‐ripple complexes are involved in memory consolidation. Cholinergic neurons in the medial septum‐diagonal band of Broca (MS‐DB) influence both types of hippocampal oscillations, promoting theta rhythms and suppressing sharp wave‐ripples. They also receive frequency‐dependent hyperpolarizing feedback from hippocamposeptal connections, potentially affecting their role as neuromodulators in the septohippocampal circuit. However, little is known about how the integration properties of cholinergic MS‐DB neurons change with hyperpolarization. By potentially altering firing behavior in cholinergic neurons, hyperpolarizing feedback from the hippocampal neurons may, in turn, change hippocampal network activity. To study changes in membrane integration properties in cholinergic neurons in response to hyperpolarizing inputs, we used whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings targeting genetically labeled, choline acetyltransferase‐positive neurons in mouse brain slices. Hyperpolarization of cholinergic MS‐DB neurons resulted in a long‐lasting decrease in spike firing rate and input‐output gain. Additionally, voltage‐clamp measures implicated a slowly inactivating, 4‐AP‐insensitive, outward K+ conductance. Using a conductance‐based model of cholinergic MS‐DB neurons, we show that the ability of this conductance to modulate firing rate and gain depends on the expression of an experimentally verified shallow intrinsic spike frequency‐voltage relationship. Together, these findings point to a means through which negative feedback from hippocampal neurons can influence the role of cholinergic MS‐DB neurons. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.