bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normalization of doxorubicin release from graphene oxide: New approach for optimization of effective parameters on drug loading
Authors: Hashemi Mohadeseh , Yadegari Amir , Yazdanpanah Ghasem , Omidi Meisam , Jabbehdari Sayena , Haghiralsadat Fatemeh , Yazdian Fatemeh , Tayebi Lobat 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) has been recently introduced as a suitable anticancer drug carrier, which could be loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) as a general chemotherapy agent. Herein, the attempts were made to optimize the effective parameters on both loading and release of DOX on GO. GO and GO–DOX were characterized using transition electron microscopy , zeta potential, Raman spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, loading and releasing behaviors of DOX on GO were studied in terms of different temperature and pH values. The primary optimized values of pH and temperature for best‐loaded amount of DOX were 8.9 and 309 K, respectively. Moreover, we found that the smallest amount of released DOX, in pH of cancer microenvironment (5.4), occurs when DOX had been previously loaded in pH 7.8 and 310 K. Although the highest amount of loaded DOX was in basic pH, the results of efficient release of DOX from the GO–DOX complex and also cellular toxicity assay revealed that the best pH for loading of DOX on GO was 7.8. Therefore, in addition to optimization of parameters for efficient loading of DOX on GO, this study suggested that normalization of a released drug compared with the amount of a loaded drug could be a new approach for optimization of drug loading on nanocarriers.
Insights into the binding of ferulic acid to the thermally treated xanthine oxidase
Authors: Dumitrascu Loredana , Stănciuc Nicoleta , Bahrim Gabriela Elena , Aprodu Iuliana 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFerulic acid (FA) is a biologically active compound used as an additive in the food industry, and possesses a wide range of therapeutic effects for treating different health problems. The interaction between FA and bovine xanthine oxidase (XOD) has been investigated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy methods. The numbers of binding sites and the binding constants were estimated at various temperatures and the results indicated the existence of one specific FA binding site of XOD. Detailed information on the interaction between molecules gathered after performing in silico molecular docking indicated the accommodation of the FA molecule in a XOD binding pocket, in close vicinity to the active site residues. The formation of the XOD–FA complex causes the quenching of protein fluorescence. The process followed a static mechanism at lower temperatures, and a dynamic mechanism at higher temperatures. The thermodynamic parameters calculated on the basis of different temperatures revealed that the association between FA and XOD is a spontaneous process driven by enthalpy and dominated by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interaction. The results of synchronous fluorescence and 3D fluorescence spectra showed that the conformation of protein was altered in the presence of FA. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peripheral (deep) but not periventricular MRI white matter hyperintensities are increased in clinical vascular dementia compared to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Smith Charles D. , Johnson Eleanor S. , Van Eldik Linda J. , Jicha Gregory A. , Schmitt Frederick A. , Nelson Peter T. , Kryscio Richard J. , Murphy Ronan R. , Wellnitz Clinton V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground and purposeVascular dementia (VAD) is a complex diagnosis at times difficult to distinguish from Alzheimer's disease (AD). MRI scans often show white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in both conditions. WMH increase with age, and both VAD and AD are associated with aging, thus presenting an attribution conundrum. In this study, we sought to show whether the amount of WMH in deep white matter (dWMH), versus periventricular white matter (PVH), would aid in the distinction between VAD and AD, independent of age.MethodsBlinded semiquantitative ratings of WMH validated by objective quantitation of WMH volume from standardized MRI image acquisitions. PVH and dWMH were rated separately and independently by two different examiners using the Scheltens scale. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were generated using logistic regression to assess classification of VAD (13 patients) versus AD (129 patients). Clinical diagnoses were made in a specialty memory disorders clinic.ResultsUsing PVH rating alone, overall classification (area under the ROC curve, AUC) was 75%, due only to the difference in age between VAD and AD patients in our study and not PVH. In contrast, dWMH rating produced 86% classification accuracy with no independent contribution from age. A global Longstreth rating that combines dWMH and PVH gave an 88% AUC.ConclusionsIncreased dWMH indicate a higher likelihood of VAD versus AD. Assessment of dWMH on MRI scans using Scheltens and Longstreth scales may aid the clinician in distinguishing the two conditions.
Brain and behavior changes associated with an abbreviated 4‐week mindfulness‐based stress reduction course in back pain patients
Authors: Braden B. Blair , Pipe Teri B. , Smith Ryan , Glaspy Tyler K. , Deatherage Brandon R. , Baxter Leslie C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionMindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) reduces depression, anxiety, and pain for people suffering from a variety of illnesses, and there is a growing need to understand the neurobiological networks implicated in self‐reported psychological change as a result of training. Combining complementary and alternative treatments such as MBSR with other therapies is helpful; however, the time commitment of the traditional 8‐week course may impede accessibility. This pilot study aimed to (1) determine if an abbreviated MBSR course improves symptoms in chronic back pain patients and (2) examine the neural and behavioral correlates of MBSR treatment.MethodsParticipants were assigned to 4 weeks of weekly MBSR training (n = 12) or a control group (stress reduction reading; n = 11). Self‐report ratings and task‐based functional MRI were obtained prior to, and after, MBSR training, or at a yoked time point in the control group.ResultsWhile both groups showed significant improvement in total depression symptoms, only the MBSR group significantly improved in back pain and somatic‐affective depression symptoms. The MBSR group also uniquely showed significant increases in regional frontal lobe hemodynamic activity associated with gaining awareness to changes in one's emotional state.ConclusionsAn abbreviated MBSR course may be an effective complementary intervention that specifically improves back pain symptoms and frontal lobe regulation of emotional awareness, while the traditional 8‐week course may be necessary to detect unique improvements in total anxiety and cognitive aspects of depression.
The role of stem cells in the prevention and treatment of radiation‐induced xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Nevens Daan , Nuyts Sandra 
Published: February 2016

AbstractXerostomia is an important complication following radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer. Current treatment approaches are insufficient and can only temporarily relieve symptoms. New insights into the physiopathology of radiation‐induced xerostomia might help us in this regard. This review discusses the current knowledge of salivary gland stem cells in radiation‐induced xerostomia and their value in the prevention and treatment of this complication. Salivary gland stem cell transplantation, bone marrow‐derived cell mobilization, molecular regulation of parotid stem cells, stem cell sparing RT, and adaptive RT are promising techniques that are discussed in this study.
Is there a progression‐free survival benefit of first‐line crizotinib versus standard chemotherapy and second‐line crizotinib in ALK‐positive advanced lung adenocarcinoma? A retrospective study of Chinese patients
Authors: Cui Shaohua , Zhao Yizhuo , Dong Lili , Gu Aiqin , Xiong Liwen , Qian Jialin , Zhang Wei , Niu Yanjie , Pan Feng , Jiang Liyan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAlthough crizotinib has demonstrated promising efficacy and acceptable toxicity in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the available evidence in Chinese populations is currently limited. This study compared the progression‐free survival (PFS) of Chinese patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive, advanced lung adenocarcinoma who received first‐line crizotinib therapy with that of patients who received first‐line standard chemotherapy, and also the PFS benefit of first‐line versus second‐line crizotinib treatment. Data on 80 patients with ALK‐positive, advanced lung adenocarcinoma who received crizotinib or standard chemotherapy as first‐line treatments between June 2013 and December 2014 were retrospectively collected; 26 of the patients received crizotinib as second‐line therapy after progressive disease (PD) occurred on first‐line chemotherapy. Tumor responses were assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), version 1.1. The median PFS was 13.3 months (95% CI: 6.5–20.0 months) in patients who received first‐line crizotinib as compared with 5.4 months (95% CI: 4.4–6.5 months) in patients who received first‐line standard chemotherapy (adjusted hazard ratio for progression or death with crizotinib, 0.20; 95% CI: 0.11–0.36; P < 0.001). In patients who received second‐line crizotinib therapy, the median PFS was 9.9 months (95% CI: 6.4–13.4 months). The difference between first‐line and second‐line crizotinib treatment was not statistically significant (adjusted hazard ratio for progression, 0.56; 95% CI: 0.29–1.11; P = 0.092). Thus, there was a significant PFS benefit of first‐line crizotinib versus first‐line standard chemotherapy in Chinese patients with ALK‐positive lung adenocarcinoma. Additionally, crizotinib showed promising efficacy in patients who received it as second‐line therapy after PD had occurred on first‐line chemotherapy.
Essential Oil Composition of Three Globularia Species
Authors: Crkvenčić Maja , Dudaš Slavica , Jerković Igor , Marijanović Zvonimir , Poljuha Danijela , Pilepić Kroata Hazler 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Globularia cordifolia L., G. meridionalis (Podp.) O.Schwarz, and G. punctata Lapeyr. was characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. Among the 33 identified compounds, the most abundant present in all investigated samples were oct‐1‐en‐3‐ol (2.9–47.0%), 6‐(1,5‐dimethylhex‐4‐enyl)‐3‐methylcyclohex‐2‐enone (8.2–40.9%), and fukinanolid (7.4–31.6%). Multivariate statistical analyses (PCA and HCA) of the hitherto studied Globularia volatile compounds confirmed to some extent the assumed phylogenetic relationships of the Globularia species studied, including the close relationship between the morphologically similar species G. cordifolia and G. meridionalis, but also evidenced several discrepancies in the current classification of Globularia species.
Characteristic Steroids from the South China Sea Gorgonian Muricella sibogae and Their Cytotoxicities
Authors: Zhang Xing‐Wang , Tang Xu‐Li , Liu Bao‐Sheng , Li Ping‐Lin , Li Guo‐Qiang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTwenty‐four steroid‐based natural products, 9,10‐secosteroids (1–10), 1,4‐dien‐3‐one steroids (11–19), and 4‐en‐3‐one steroids (20–24), containing varying side‐chains, were isolated from the South China Sea gorgonian Muricella sibogae. The structures of one new 9,10‐secosteroid, sibogol D (1), and two new 1,4‐dien‐3‐one steroids, sibogols E and F (11 and 12), were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with the literature data. Cytotoxicities for all the isolates were evaluated against four selected tumor cell lines, HL‐60, HCT116, K562, and P388. Compounds 3, 9, and 13 exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against the HL‐60 cell line, with IC50 values ranging from 1.27 to 10.05 μM, and compound 3 was also cytotoxic against HCT116 with an IC50 value of 5.8 μM. The bioassay results also indicated a potential relationship between structural patterns and activity. The newly presented series of 1,4‐dien‐3‐one and 4‐en‐3‐one types of steroids relating to the unique 9,10‐secosteroids in biogenesis were found in this species for the first time, which is of considerable chemotaxonomic significance.
A Model of Information Carried over a Neuron Soma
Authors: Kier Lemont B. , Hall Lowell H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA series of cellular automata models of amino acid side chains on a neuron soma membrane have been created to simulate their hydropathic influences on adjacent water molecules. The presence of pathways, referred to as water wires, is identified. These pathways are invoked as passage ways across a neuron soma of proton hopping carrying the information from dendrites to the axon hillock.
Inhibitory Effect of 8‐Halogenated 7‐Deaza‐2′‐deoxyguanosine Triphosphates on Human 8‐Oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine Triphosphatase, hMTH1, Activities
Authors: Yin Yizhen , Sasaki Shigeki , Taniguchi Yosuke 
Published: February 2016

AbstracthMTH1 (8‐oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanine triphosphatase) hydrolyzes oxidized nucleoside triphosphates; its presence is non‐essential for survival of normal cells but is required for survival of cancer cells. In this study, 8‐halogenated‐7‐deaza‐2′‐deoxyguanosine triphosphate (8‐halogenated‐7‐deazadGTP) derivatives were synthesized. Interestingly, these triphosphates were poor substrates for hMTH1, but exhibited strong competitive inhibition against hMTH1 at nanomolar levels. This inhibitory effect is attributed to slower rate of hydrolysis, possibly arising from enzyme structural changes, specifically different stacking interactions with 8‐halogenated‐7‐deazadGTP. This is the first example of using nucleotide derivatives to inhibit hMTH1, thus demonstrating their potential as antitumor agents.
Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide Over a Copper Nanocube Catalyst: Surface Structure and pH Dependence on Selectivity
Authors: Roberts F. Sloan , Kuhl Kendra P. , Nilsson Anders 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe activity and selectivity for CO2/CO reduction over Cu electrodes is strongly dependent on the local surface structure of the catalyst and the pH of the electrolyte. Here we investigate a unique, Cu nanocube surface (CuCube) as a CO reduction electrode under neutral and basic pH by using online electrochemical mass spectroscopy (OLEMS) to determine the onset potentials and relative intensities of methane and ethylene production. To relate the unique selectivity to the surface structure, the CuCube surface reactivity is compared to polycrystalline Cu and three single crystals under the same reaction conditions. We find that the high selectivity for ethylene over the CuCube surface is most comparable to the Cu(1 0 0) surface, which has a cubic unit cell. However, the suppression of methane production over CuCube is unique to that particular surface. A basic pH is shown to enhance ethylene selectivity on all surfaces, and again the CuCube surface is unique.
Film Quality and Electronic Properties of a Surface‐Anchored Metal‐Organic Framework Revealed by using a Multi‐technique Approach
Authors: Liu Jianxi , Paradinas Markos , Heinke Lars , Buck Manfred , Ocal Carmen , Mugnaini Veronica , Wöll Christof 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe virtually unlimited versatility and unparalleled level of control in the design of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) has recently been shown to also entail a potential for applications based on the electrical and electronic properties of this rich class of materials. At present, methods to provide reliable and reproducible contacts to MOF materials are scarce; therefore, we have carried out a detailed, multi‐technique investigation of an empty and loaded prototype MOF, HKUST‐1. Epitaxial thin films of this material grown on a substrate by using liquid‐phase epitaxy have been studied by cyclic voltammetry, atomic force microscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance and their quality assessed. By using an ionic liquid as the electrolyte, it is shown that redox‐active molecules like ferrocene can be embedded in the pores, enabling a change in the overall conductivity of the framework and the study of the redox chemistry of guest molecules inside the MOF.
Synthesis and Reactivity of a Bio‐inspired Dithiolene Ligand and its Mo Oxo Complex
Authors: Porcher Jean‐Philippe , Fogeron Thibault , Gomez‐Mingot Maria , Chamoreau Lise‐Marie , Li Yun , Fontecave Marc 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAn original synthesis of the fused pyranoquinoxaline dithiolene ligand qpdt2− is discussed in detail. The most intriguing step is the introduction of the dithiolene moiety by Pd‐catalyzed carbon–sulfur coupling. The corresponding MoIVO complex (Bu4N)2[MoO(qpdt)2] (2) underwent reversible protonation in a strongly acidic medium and remained stable under anaerobic conditions. Besides, 2 was found to be very sensitive towards oxygen, as upon oxidation it formed a planar dithiin derivative. Moreover, the qpdt2− ligand in the presence of [MoCl4(tBuNC)2] formed a tetracyclic structure. The products resulting from the unique reactivity of qpdt2− were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and electrochemistry. Plausible mechanisms for the formation of these products are also proposed.
Red Phosphorescent Bis‐Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes with Fluorine‐, Phenyl‐, and Fluorophenyl‐Substituted 2‐Arylquinoline Ligands
Authors: Kim Jwajin , Lee Kum Hee , Lee Seok Jae , Lee Ho Won , Kim Young Kwan , Kim Young Sik , Yoon Seung Soo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRed phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes based on fluorine‐, phenyl‐, and fluorophenyl‐substituted 2‐arylquinoline ligands were designed and synthesized. To investigate their electrophosphorescent properties, devices were fabricated with the following structure: indium tin oxide (ITO)/4,4′,4′′‐tris[2‐naphthyl(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine (2‐TNATA)/4,4′‐bis[N‐(1‐naphthyl)‐N‐phenylamino]biphenyl (NPB)/4,4′‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (CBP): 8 % iridium (III) complexes/bathocuproine (BCP)/tris(8‐hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq3)/8‐hydroxyquinoline lithium (Liq)/Al. All devices, which use these materials showed efficient red emissions. In particular, a device exhibited a saturated red emission with a maximum luminance, external quantum efficiency, and luminous efficiency of 14200 cd m−2, 8.44 %, and 6.58 cd A−1 at 20 mA cm−2, respectively. The CIE (x, y) coordinates of this device are (0.67, 0.33) at 12.0 V.
New Perspectives for Old Clusters: Anderson–Evans Anions as Building Blocks of Large Polyoxometalate Frameworks in a Series of Heterometallic 3 d–4 f Species
Authors: Artetxe Beñat , Reinoso Santiago , San Felices Leire , Lezama Luis , Gutiérrez‐Zorrilla Juan M. , Vicent Cristian , Haso Fadi , Liu Tianbo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA series of nine [Sb7W36O133Ln3M2(OAc)(H2O)8]17− heterometallic anions (Ln3M2; Ln=La–Gd, M=Co; Ln=Ce, M=Ni and Zn) have been obtained by reacting 3 d metal disubstituted Krebs‐type tungstoantimonates(III) with early lanthanides. Their unique tetrameric structure contains a novel {MW9O33} capping unit formed by a planar {MW6O24} fragment to which three {WO2} groups are condensed to form a tungstate skeleton identical to that of a hypothetical trilacunary derivative of the ɛ‐Keggin cluster. It is shown, for the first time, that classical Anderson–Evans {MW6O24} anions can act as building blocks to construct purely inorganic large frameworks. Unprecedented reactivity in the outer ring of these disk‐shaped species is also revealed. The Ln3M2 anions possess chirality owing to a {Sb4O4} cluster being encapsulated in left‐ or right‐handed orientations. Their ability to self‐associate in blackberry‐type vesicles in solution has been assessed for the Ce3Co2 derivative.
Platinum–Copper Nanoframes: One‐Pot Synthesis and Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity
Authors: Yu Xiaofei , Li Lanlan , Su Yanqiu , Jia Wei , Dong Lili , Wang Dingsheng , Zhao Jianling , Li Yadong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPlatinum–copper nanoframes were produced from copper nanoparticles by a one‐pot synthesis method. The growth mechanism was thoroughly studied by experiment and theoretical calculations. Owing to the unique structure, Pt‐Cu nanoframes exhibited significantly enhanced catalytic activity toward the electro‐oxidation of methanol compared to commercial Pt black.
An Ultra‐High Fluorescence Enhancement and High Throughput Assay for Revealing Expression and Internalization of Chemokine Receptor CXCR4
Authors: He Hua , Wang Xiaojuan , Cheng Tiantian , Xia Yongqing , Lao Jun , Ge Baosheng , Ren Hao , Khan Naseer Ullah , Huang Fang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRevealing chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression, distribution, and internalization levels in different cancers helps to evaluate cancer progression or prognosis and to set personalized treatment strategy. We here describe a sensitive and high‐throughput immunoassay for determining CXCR4 expression and distribution in cancer cells. The assay is accessible to a wide range of users in an ordinary lab only by dip‐coating poly(styrene‐co‐N‐isopropylacrylamide) spheres on the glass substrate. The self‐ assembled spheres form three‐dimensional photonic colloidal crystals which enhance the fluorescence of CF647 and Alexa Fluor 647 by a factor of up to 1000. CXCR4 in cells is detected by using the sandwich immunoassay, where the primary antibody recognizes CXCR4 and the secondary antibody is labeled with CF647. With the newly established assay, we quantified the total expression of CXCR4, its distribution on the cell membrane and cytoplasm, and revealed their internalization level upon SDF‐1α activation in various cancer cells, even for those with extremely low expression level.
Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative Amination of Unactivated Internal Alkenes
Authors: Xiong Peng , Xu Fan , Qian Xiang‐Yang , Yohannes Yared , Song Jinshuai , Lu Xin , Xu Hai‐Chao 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed oxidative amination of unactivated internal alkenes has been developed. The Wacker‐type oxidative alkene amination reaction is traditionally catalyzed by a palladium through a mechanism involving aminopalladation and β‐hydride elimination. Replacing the precious and scarce palladium with a cheap and abundant copper for this transformation has been challenging because of the difficulty associated with the aminocupration of internal alkenes. The combination of a simple copper salt, without additional ligand, as the catalyst and Dess–Martin periodinane as the oxidant, promotes efficiently the oxidative amination of allylic carbamates and ureas bearing di‐ and trisubstituted alkenes leading to oxazolidinones and imidazolidinones. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested a hybrid radical–organometallic mechanism involving an amidyl radical cyclization to form the key C−N bond.
Lumineszenzdatierung als Schlüssel zur Vergangenheit
Authors: Schmidt Christoph , Zöller Ludwig 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDieser Beitrag beschreibt zunächst die Grundlagen der Lumineszenzdatierung. Erkenntnisse und Methoden aus der Festkörperphysik sowie aus der Radiochemie spielen dabei eine grundlegende Rolle. Die Art des datierten Ereignisses – letztmalige Erhitzung oder Belichtung – eröffnet ein breites Anwendungsspektrum dieser Methode für Zeiträume von 102 bis mehreren 105 Jahren. Durch die Zusammenarbeit von Datierern mit Geowissenschaftlern und Archäologen in den letzten etwa 50 Jahren stellen die verschiedenen Techniken der Lumineszenzdatierung heute ein unverzichtbares Hilfsmittel zur Lösung geowissenschaftlicher sowie kulturhistorischer Fragestellungen dar.