bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between ethical ideology and moral judgment: Academic nurse educators’ perception
Authors: Abou Hashish Ebtsam Aly , Ali Awad Nadia Hassan 
Published: September 2017

Background: Ascertaining the relationship between ethical ideology, moral judgment, and ethical decision among academic nurse educators at work appears to be a challenge particularly in situations when they are faced with a need to solve an ethical problem and make a moral decision. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the relationship between ethical ideology, moral judgment, and ethical decision as perceived by academic nurse educators. Methods: A descriptive correlational research design was conducted at Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University. All academic nurse educators were included in the study (N = 220). Ethical Position Questionnaire and Questionnaire of Moral Judgment and Ethical Decisions were proved reliable to measure study variables. Ethical considerations: Approval was obtained from Ethics Committee at Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University. Privacy and confidentiality of data were maintained and assured by obtaining subjects’ informed consent. Findings: This study reveals a significant positive moderate correlation between idealism construct of ethical ideology and moral judgment in terms of recognition of the behavior as an ethical issue and the magnitude of emotional consequences of the ethical situation (p < 0.001; p = 0.031) respectively. Also, there is a positive significant moderate correlation between relativism construct of ethical ideology and overall moral judgment (p = 0.010). Approximately 3.5% of the explained variance of overall moral judgment is predicted by idealism together with relativism. Discussion: The findings suggest that variations in ethical position and ideology are associated with moral judgment and ethical decision. Conclusion: Organizations of academic nursing education should provide a supportive work environment to help their academic staff to develop their self-awareness and knowledge of their ethical position and promoting their ethical ideologies and, in turn, enhance their moral judgment as well as develop ethical reasoning and decision-making capability of nursing students. More emphasis in nursing curricula is needed on ethical concepts for developing nursing competencies.
Academic ethical awareness among undergraduate nursing students
Authors: Cho Ok-Hee , Hwang Kyung-Hye 
Published: September 2017

Background: Academic ethical awareness is an important aspect especially for nursing students who will provide ethical nursing care to patients in future or try to tread the path of learning toward professional acknowledgement in nursing scholarship. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore academic ethical awareness and its related characteristics among undergraduate nursing students. Methods: This study commenced the survey with cross-sectional, descriptive questions and enrolled convenient samples of 581 undergraduate nursing students from three universities in South Korea. It was investigated with structured questionnaires including general characteristics and academic ethical awareness related. Ethical considerations: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at National University. Findings: Academic ethical awareness was the highest regarding behaviors violating the respect or confidentiality of patients and cheating on exams, while it was the lowest for inappropriate behaviors in class. From the result of general characteristics difference, male students showed higher score than female students in relative; first-year students showed higher score than other year students; the higher score was rated from students who were highly satisfied with their major than the other not satisfied with their major; and students with low academic stress showed higher ethical awareness score than persons with higher stress. Conclusion: Personal behaviors were rated with low ethical awareness in relative, but items related to public rules and actual effects on patients or others were rated with higher score. Nursing satisfaction and academic stress are main factors on ethical awareness. To improve overall ethical awareness level of nursing students, it is required to provide more education about the importance of personal behaviors in class and need to improve the understanding of how it will be connected with future situation and effect.
Tissue engineering of urethra: Systematic review of recent literature
Authors: Žiaran Stanislav , Galambošová Martina , Danišovič L'uboš 
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this article was to perform a systematic review of the recent literature on urethral tissue engineering. A total of 31 articles describing the use of tissue engineering for urethra reconstruction were included. The obtained results were discussed in three groups: cells, scaffolds, and clinical results of urethral reconstructions using these components. Stem cells of different origin were used in many experimental studies, but only autologous urothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes were applied in clinical trials. Natural and synthetic scaffolds were studied in the context of urethral tissue engineering. The main advantage of synthetic ones is the fact that they can be obtained in unlimited amount and modified by different techniques, but scaffolds of natural origin normally contain chemical groups and bioactive proteins which increase the cell attachment and may promote the cell proliferation and differentiation. The most promising are smart scaffolds delivering different bioactive molecules or those that can be tubularized. In two clinical trials, only onlay-fashioned transplants were used for urethral reconstruction. However, the very promising results were obtained from animal studies where tubularized scaffolds, both non-seeded and cell-seeded, were applied. Impact statement The main goal of this article was to perform a systematic review of the recent literature on urethral tissue engineering. It summarizes the most recent information about cells, seeded or non-seeded scaffolds and clinical application with respect to regeneration of urethra.
Using CBPR to Decrease Health Disparities in a Suburban Latino Neighborhood
Authors: Coffman Maren J. , de Hernandez Brisa Urquieta , Smith Heather A. , McWilliams Andrew , Taylor Yhenneko J. , Tapp Hazel , Schuch Johanna Claire , Furuseth Owen , Dulin Michael 
Published: September 2017

Introduction: This project tested the feasibility of using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to deliver health and social resources in two high-risk, suburban neighborhoods. Method: An established research network was used to engage stakeholders to design and deliver a neighborhood-based intervention targeting a Latino immigrant population. The intervention provided screenings for hypertension, diabetes, and depression; primary care provider visits; and information about navigating health care delivery systems and related community-based resources. Participants ( N = 216) were consented for participation and their subsequent use of health and social services were measured at baseline and 1 year post intervention. Results: At baseline, 5.1% of participants had health insurance, 16.7% had a primary care provider, and 38.4% had a chronic illness. SF-12 scores showed a majority of participants with low perceived health status (56%) and high risk for clinical depression (33%). Self-reported use of primary care services increased from 33.8% at baseline to 48% 1 year after the intervention, and 62% reported use of social services. Conclusion: Neighborhood-based interventions informed by a CBPR approach are effective in both identifying community members who lack access to health care–related services and connecting them into needed primary care and social services.
Global stroke statistics: An update of mortality data from countries using a broad code of “cerebrovascular diseases”
Authors: Thrift Amanda G , Howard George , Cadilhac Dominique A , Howard Virginia J , Rothwell Peter M , Thayabaranathan Tharshanah , Feigin Valery L , Norrving Bo , Donnan Geoffrey A 
Published: September 2017

Background Current information on mortality attributed to stroke among different countries is important for policy development and monitoring prevention strategies. Unfortunately, mortality data reported to the World Health Organization by different countries are inconsistent. Aims and/or hypothesis To update the repository of the most recent country-specific data on mortality from stroke for countries that provide data using a broad code for “cerebrovascular disease.” Methods Data on mortality from stroke were obtained from the World Health Organization mortality database. We searched for countries that provided data, since 1999, on a combined category of “cerebrovascular disease” (code 1609) that incorporated International Classification of Diseases (10th edition) codes I60–I69. Using population denominators provided by the World Health Organization for the same year when available, or alternatively estimates obtained from the United Nations, we calculated crude mortality from “cerebrovascular disease” and mortality adjusted to the World Health Organization world population. We used the most recent year reported to the World Health Organization, as well as comparing changes over time. Results Since 1999, seven countries have provided these mortality data. Among these countries, crude mortality was greatest in the Russian Federation (in 2011), Ukraine (2012), and Belarus (2011) and was greater in women than men in these countries. Crude mortality was positively correlated with the proportion of the population aged ≥65 years but not with time. Age-adjusted mortality was greatest in the Russian Federation and Turkmenistan, and greater in men than women. Over time, mortality declined, with the greatest decline per annum evident in Kazakhstan (8.7%) and the Russian Federation (7.0%). Conclusions Among countries that provided data to the World Health Organization using a broad category of “cerebrovascular disease,” there was a decline in mortality in two of the countries that previously had some of the largest mortality rates for stroke.
Are collision athletes at a higher risk of re-dislocation after an open Bristow-Latarjet procedure? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Paulino Pereira Nuno Rui , van der Linde Just A. , Alkaduhimi Hassanin , Longo Umile Giuseppe , van den Bekerom Michel P. J. 
Published: September 2017

Background The primary aim of the present study was to review, summarize and compare the redislocation risk for collision athletes and noncollision athletes after an open Bristow-Latarjet procedure. Our secondary aim was to summarize return to sport, satisfaction, pain and complications. Methods We conducted a systematic review in PubMed and EMBASE of articles until 1 July 2016. We included all studies describing Bristow-Latarjet like procedures as a result of glenohumeral instability, mentioning redislocation rates in collision athletes with >2 years of follow-up. We pooled the data using random-effects meta-analysis for redislocation risk-differences (RD) between collision and noncollision athletes, and assessed heterogeneity with I2 and Tau2 tests. Results From 475 titles and abstracts, 11 studies were included and eight studies were meta-analyzed. The pooled RD to develop a postoperative redislocation between collision athletes and noncollision athletes was −0.00 (95% confidence interval: −0.03 to 0.03, p = 0.370). Return to sports rates were high (67–100%), and patients reported high satisfaction scores (93–100% satisfied) and low pain scores (mean visual analogue scale score of 1.6); however, postoperative complication rates varied from 0.8% to 19.2%. Conclusions Collision athletes are not more at risk for redislocation rates after an open Bristow-Latarjet procedure compared to noncollision athletes. Overall postoperative outcomes were good, although numerous complications occurred.
Mid-calf level as a puncture site is not safe enough for thermal ablation of the small saphenous vein
Authors: Sanioglu Soner , Yerebakan Halit , Ozgen Ali , Ozdemir Huseyin O , Sancar Nurcan K , Farsak Mustafa B 
Published: September 2017

Background: Endovenous thermal ablation of the small saphenous vein carries a risk for sural nerve injury. Ablation above mid-calf level is recommended to avoid it. However, this strategy could not eradicate this complication. We present our results of consecutive 30 small saphenous vein thermal ablations which are performed after ultrasonographic identification of the sural nerve. Methods: We studied 26 consecutive subjects with a total of 30 limbs. Ablation was performed proximal to the risk point by a 1470-nm diode laser. Patients were asked to attend follow-up outpatient controls at 7 days, 30 days, and 180 days postoperatively. Rate of identification of the sural nerve by ultrasonography, safety of the mid-calf level as a puncture site and postoperative sural nerve damage were assessed. Results: The sural nerve identification was achieved by ultrasonography in all patients except for one. Mid-calf level as a puncture site was not safe in three (10%) extremities. None of the patients showed any evidence suggesting postoperative sural nerve damage. Conclusion: Choosing the puncture site according to the risk point may be more reasonable than general mid-calf level which is being used.
The ability of free to total prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen density to detect clinically significant prostate cancer in men undergoing transperineal template biopsy
Authors: Segaran Surayne V , Emara Amr M , Mahesan Tharani , Silverman Joshua , Ahmed Hashim U , Bott Simon RJ , Hindley Richard G 
Published: September 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of the ratio of free to total prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen density to predict the presence of clinically significant prostate cancer on template biopsies. The value of these tests may be underestimated as they were previously validated against sextant transrectal biopsy of the prostate, which has been proved to miss a large proportion of significant prostate cancers. The ability of these tests to specifically detect clinically significant cancers has not previously been studied. Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of patients undergoing transperineal template biopsy who also had free to total prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen density. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the comparative utility of each test in the detection of all cancers as well as clinically significant cancers, by means of the area under the curve. Results: Data from 293 patients were analysed. Prostate cancer was detected in 72% of patients, of which 62% of this group had clinically significant disease. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis demonstrated the superiority of prostate-specific antigen density and free to total prostate-specific antigen over standard prostate-specific antigen in the overall detection of cancer (area under the curve 0.662 and 0.674 vs 0.534, p=0.003 and 0.02 respectively). Both tests were even more effective in the detection of clinically significant cancers (area under the curve 0.755 and 0.715 vs 0.572, p<0.0001 and 0.009 respectively). Conclusion: The free to total prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen density both appear to perform well at detecting clinically significant prostate cancer in our population of men undergoing template biopsy. The potential role of these inexpensive tests should not be overlooked as they may be of value when deciding which patients require biopsy following an initial magnetic resonance imaging scan and also for those on surveillance protocols.
Online Teaching Tool for Sinus Surgery: Trends toward Mobile and Global Education
Authors: Koch George K. , Sethi Rosh K. V. , Kozin Elliott D. , Bergmark Regan W. , Gray Stacey T. , Metson Ralph 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveOnline resources may provide an ideal forum for expert presentation of surgical techniques. The purpose of this study was to investigate utilization patterns of a sinus surgery website, SinusVideos.com, to gain insight into the needs of viewers.Study DesignRetrospective analysis.SettingSurgical teaching website.Subjects and MethodsThe website’s anonymized analytic database was queried from 2009 to 2014. Quantified data included user demographics, geographic location, viewing device, page visits, and time spent on the website.ResultsA total of 428,691 website pages were viewed during the study period. Growth in viewership was observed each successive year since the site was launched. The mean time spent viewing webpages was 96.1 seconds for desktop computer users, 98.0 for tablet users, and 103.8 for mobile users. The percentage of mobile devices used to view the site increased significantly between 2009 and 2014 (2.1% vs 25.4%, respectively; P <. 0001). The website’s viewership expanded globally, with a significant increase in site views from outside North America over this same period (18.4% vs 51.7%, P <. 0001).ConclusionThe observed increase in global participation and mobile device usage may reflect new areas of growth for surgical education.
Topological analysis reveals a PD-L1-associated microenvironmental niche for Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Carey Christopher D. , Gusenleitner Daniel , Lipschitz Mikel , Roemer Margaretha G. M. , Stack Edward C. , Gjini Evisa , Hu Xihao , Redd Robert , Freeman Gordon J. , Neuberg Donna , Hodi F. Stephen , Liu Xiaole Shirley , Shipp Margaret A. , Rodig Scott J. 
Published: September 2017

Key Points
Regionally localized PD-L1+ macrophages form a specialized microenvironmental niche for Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells in cHL.
Face and content validity of the virtual reality simulator ‘ScanTrainer®’
Authors: Alsalamah Amal , Campo Rudi , Tanos Vasilios , Grimbizis Gregoris , Van Belle Yves , Hood Kerenza , Pugh Neil , Amso Nazar 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background
Ultrasonography is a first-line imaging in the investigation of women’s irregular bleeding and other gynaecological pathologies, e.g. ovarian cysts and early pregnancy problems. However, teaching ultrasound, especially transvaginal scanning, remains a challenge for health professionals. New technology such as simulation may potentially facilitate and expedite the process of learning ultrasound. Simulation may prove to be realistic, very close to real patient scanning experience for the sonographer and objectively able to assist the development of basic skills such as image manipulation, hand-eye coordination and examination technique.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the face and content validity of a virtual reality simulator (ScanTrainer®, MedaPhor plc, Cardiff, Wales, UK) as reflective of real transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) scanning.

Method
A questionnaire with 14 simulator-related statements was distributed to a number of participants with differing levels of sonography experience in order to determine the level of agreement between the use of the simulator in training and real practice.

Results
There were 36 participants: novices (n = 25) and experts (n = 11) who rated the simulator. Median scores of face validity statements between experts and non-experts using a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) ratings ranged between 7.5 and 9.0 (p > 0.05) indicated a high level of agreement. Experts’ median scores of content validity statements ranged from 8.4 to 9.0.

Conclusions
The findings confirm that the simulator has the feel and look of real-time scanning with high face validity. Similarly, its tutorial structures and learning steps confirm the content validity.
Immigration and the rate of population mixing: explorations with a stylized model
Authors: Denton Frank Trevor , Spencer Byron Grant 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The integration or mixing of immigrants with non-immigrants is an important issue in many countries. There are various forms of mixing. We consider here cross-parenting, the bearing of children with one immigrant parent and one non-immigrant. Our objective is to model cross-parenting as a demographic process and investigate the rate at which such mixing could occur.
We identify three populations within an overall total: non-immigrant, immigrant, and mixed. A model is constructed to track the three as they change and interact through cross-parenting. The populations evolve by simulation in accordance with a common stable projection matrix. However, as cross-parenting between immigrants and non-immigrants occurs, the progeny are transferred to the mixed population; the immigrant and non-immigrant populations are thus depleted by the transfers and the mixed population augmented in each generation. The transfers are governed by underlying preferences, but the preference pattern must be modified to recognize constraints imposed by differences in population size. A restricted least-squares procedure effects the modification so that the actual pattern is as close as possible to the preferred one. Simulations are carried out with alternative preferential patterns and rates of immigration. Of particular interest is the proportion of mixed population in the total in each generation and the final steady state.
The paper develops a new framework and model to show the rate at which population mixing could occur under alternative assumptions about the immigration rate and preferences for cross-parenting.

JEL Classification: J10, J15
Assessment of multispectral and hyperspectral imaging systems for digitisation of a Russian icon
Authors: MacDonald Lindsay W. , Vitorino Tatiana , Picollo Marcello , Pillay Ruven , Obarzanowski Michał , Sobczyk Joanna , Nascimento Sérgio , Linhares João 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In a study of multispectral and hyperspectral reflectance imaging, a Round Robin Test assessed the performance of different systems for the spectral digitisation of artworks. A Russian icon, mass-produced in Moscow in 1899, was digitised by ten institutions around Europe. The image quality was assessed by observers, and the reflectance spectra at selected points were reconstructed to characterise the icon’s colourants and to obtain a quantitative estimate of accuracy. The differing spatial resolutions of the systems affected their ability to resolve fine details in the printed pattern. There was a surprisingly wide variation in the quality of imagery, caused by unwanted reflections from both glossy painted and metallic gold areas of the icon’s surface. Specular reflection also degraded the accuracy of the reconstructed reflectance spectrum in some places, indicating the importance of control over the illumination geometry. Some devices that gave excellent results for matte colour charts proved to have poor performance for this demanding test object. There is a need for adoption of standards for digitising cultural heritage objects to achieve greater consistency of system performance and image quality.
Genome sequence of the white-rot fungus Irpex lacteus F17, a type strain of lignin degrader fungus
Authors: Yao Mengwei , Li Wenman , Duan Zihong , Zhang Yinliang , Jia Rong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIrpex lacteus, a cosmopolitan white-rot fungus, degrades lignin and lignin-derived aromatic compounds. In this study, we report the high-quality draft genome sequence of I. lacteus F17, isolated from a decaying hardwood tree in the vicinity of Hefei, China. The genome is 44,362,654 bp, with a GC content of 49.64% and a total of 10,391 predicted protein-coding genes. In addition, a total of 18 snRNA, 842 tRNA, 15 rRNA operons and 11,710 repetitive sequences were also identified. The genomic data provides insights into the mechanisms of the efficient lignin decomposition of this strain.