bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nexus Between Women Empowerment and Gender-based Violence in India: A Pragmatic Insight
Authors: Maiti Susobhan , Rajpal Govind Singh , Gupta Tanushree 
Published: September 2024

Women empowerment is the creation of an atmosphere where women may make their own decisions for their own and society’s benefit, strengthening and improving women’s social, economic, political and legal authority to assure equal rights and give them the confidence to assert themselves. India’s focus on women’s empowerment to reduce domestic abuse has grown over the last few decades. In light of the background, the main goal of this study is to determine whether a region-specific disparity exists, whether urban and rural disparity exists, and whether women empowerment promotes gender violence. The study found a regional disparity in gender violence and women’s empowerment. Both urban and rural areas show discrepancies. The study also found that per-capita net state domestic product and women literacy rates are inversely related to gender-based violence. Women empowerment is positively related with gender-based violence. JEL Codes: J12, J16, J21, J24, K42
Household’s Characteristics and Learning Poverty: An Empirical Study
Authors: Shullai Kenny R. , Panda Bhagirathi 
Published: September 2024

‘Learning poverty’ among school students is a cause of concern. Studies of family effects on students’ learning outcomes in the context of North-eastern region of India and Meghalaya are significantly lacking. The present study is about ‘learning poverty’ and its relationship with household characteristics such as household-income, parents’ educational level, parents’ occupation, nature of residence and number of siblings in the context of the Khasi–Jantia tribes of Meghalaya, which follows a matrilineal system. From the field experiment conducted on 407 students of classes 9 and 10 from 15 randomly selected schools from Shillong and Jowai towns, the findings indicate that ‘learning poverty’ is significantly higher in proportion for students belonging to the lower household-income groups. Besides low household-income, low level of parents’ education, not having and staying in one’s own house, higher number of siblings and parents’ occupation in low-end wage employment have emerged as critical factors responsible for the presence of ‘learning poverty’. The study recommends that policymakers and school management consider family effects seriously and work with parents from poor households to improve learning outcomes, mitigating the menace of ‘learning poverty’ on the society. However, the results of the study need to be examined with one caveat that it has not taken into consideration the school effects, which could too impact learning outcomes. JEL Codes: I240, I250, I210
Survey of Felt Needs Among Teachers of Psychiatry in Institutes of National Importance (INI) to Improve the Quality of Undergraduate and Postgraduate Training
Authors: Pal Arghya , Parmar Arpit , Nath Santanu , Chawla Nishtha , Gupta Snehil , Vinay H. R.  , M Kishor  
Published: September 2024

Background: Several institutes of national importance (INI) have been established in the last few years to improve the quality of medical education in the country. Most INIs are autonomous and outside the purview of the National Medical Commission (NMC). Little is known about the needs of the psychiatry teachers working in INIs. The current study was planned to obtain feedback from the psychiatry teachers in INIs about the various issues pertaining to training in psychiatry. Methods: This was an online survey conducted using Google Forms involving psychiatry teachers working in autonomous INIs outside the purview of NMC. The questionnaire had mandatory items (which provided quantitative data) and optional questions (which were used for thematic analysis). Results: Our study’s response rate was estimated at 48.73%. About 92.7% of respondents appreciated the need for training in undergraduate psychiatry. Though fewer residents were trained in medical education, the felt need for training among residents was comparable to that among faculty members. The major themes of targeted training, as reported, were found to be in sync with the current demands of the curriculum. Conclusion: There is a substantial need for training among the teachers of psychiatry in the INIs. This study provided with some groundwork regarding the strengths and weaknesses of teaching psychiatry in INIs. Further studies on this topic, using a qualitative design, should be planned to understand the nuances of working in an autonomous institute.
Risk Factors for Nonunion After Nonoperative Treatment for Pediatric Lumbar Spondylolysis: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Kuroshima Kohei , Miyazaki Shingo , Hiranaka Yoshiaki , Ryu Masao , Inoue Shinichi , Yurube Takashi , Kakutani Kenichiro , Tadokoro Ko 
Published: September 2024

Background: Pediatric lumbar spondylolysis, a stress fracture of the lumbar spine, frequently affects young athletes, and nonoperative treatment is often the first choice of management. Because the union rate in lumbar spondylolysis is lower than that in general fatigue fractures, identifying risk factors for nonunion is essential for optimizing treatment. Purpose: To determine the risk factors for nonunion after nonoperative treatment of acute pediatric lumbar spondylolysis through multivariate analysis. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We analyzed 574 pediatric patients (mean age, 14.3 ± 1.9 years) with lumbar spondylolysis who underwent nonoperative treatment between 2015 and 2022. Nonoperative treatment included the elimination of sports activities, bracing, and weekly athletic rehabilitation, with follow-up computed tomography. Patient data, lesion characteristics, sports history, presence of spina bifida occulta at the lamina with a lesion or at the lumbosacral spine excluding the lesion level, and lumbosacral parameters were examined. Differences between the union and nonunion groups were investigated using multivariate analysis to determine the risk factors for nonunion. Results: Of the 574 patients, 81.7% achieved bone union. Multivariate analysis revealed that an L5 lesion and the progression of the main and contralateral lesion stages were significant independent risk factors for nonunion. An L5 lesion had a lower union rate than non-L5 lesions. As the main lesion progressed, the likelihood of nonunion increased significantly, and the progression of the contralateral lesion also showed a similar trend. Spina bifida occulta and lumbosacral parameters were not significant predictors of nonunion in this study. Conclusion: We identified the L5 lesion level and the progression of the main and contralateral lesion stages as independent risk factors for nonunion in pediatric lumbar spondylolysis after nonoperative treatment. These findings aid in treatment decision-making. When bone union cannot be expected with nonoperative treatment, symptomatic treatment is required without prolonged external fixation and rest, and without aiming for bone union. Individualized treatment plans are crucial based on identified risk factors.
Reduced Knee Flexion Strength 18 Years After ACL Reconstruction With Hamstring Tendon Versus Patellar Tendon
Authors: Popovic Marko , Myhre Julie Rike , Holen Julie Iren Haugseth , Gifstad Tone , Strand Ingebjorg Lokensgard , Strand Torbjorn , Mo Ingunn Fleten , Fischer-Bredenbeck Cornelia , Drogset Jon Olav 
Published: September 2024

Background: Bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) and double-looped semitendinosus and gracilis (hamstring) grafts are commonly used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Short-term and midterm studies show little or no differences between the 2 grafts; however, there are only a few long-term studies to compare results between the 2 grafts. Purpose: To compare the results after using either BPTB grafts or hamstring tendon grafts 18 years after ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence 2. Methods: A total of 114 patients with ACL rupture between 2001 and 2004 were randomized to reconstruction with either a BPTB graft or a hamstring tendon graft. Patients were operated on at 4 major hospitals. The 18-year follow-up evaluation included anterior knee laxity measured with a KT-1000 arthrometer, defined as the primary outcome, while clinical examination (Lachman and pivot-shift tests), isokinetic testing of muscle strength, patient-reported outcome measures, and an assessment of radiographic osteoarthritis using the Kellgren-Lawrence classification were defined as secondary outcomes. Results: A total of 96 patients (84%, 47 BPTB and 49 hamstring grafts) were available for follow-up, 71 of these for clinical examination. Seven of 96 patients were excluded for ACL revision (n = 5) or knee replacement (n = 2) surgery. In total, 25 patients (10 BPTB and 15 hamstring grafts) had undergone additional surgery other than ACL revision or total knee arthroplasty. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of anterior laxity test with KT-1000 arthrometer (primary outcome). In secondary outcomes, no significant differences between groups were reported regarding clinical examination, patient-reported outcome scores, or radiographic osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2-4 for patellofemoral joint [18 hamstring and 14 BPTB] or tibiofemoral joint [20 hamstring and 19 BPTB]), while isokinetic testing revealed that the hamstring group had a 10.7% reduction in mean peak flexion torque compared with the BPTB group at 60 deg/s ( df = 59; P = .011). At 60 deg/s the mean total flexion work in the hamstring group was reduced by 17.2% compared with the BPTB group ( df = 59; P = .002). Conclusion: The flexion strength in the hamstring group was significantly reduced in the operated knee after 18 years. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding subjective outcomes, patient-reported outcomes, range of motion, clinical and instrumented knee laxity, and the development of osteoarthritis. Registration: NCT05876013 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
A cavalpulmonary assist device utilising impedance pumping enhanced by peristaltic effect
Authors: Burns-Cox Arthur P. , Gan Lian , Khir Ashraf W. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Fontan procedure, the standard surgical palliation to treat children with single ventricular defects, causes systemic complications over years due to lack of pumping at cavopulmonary junction. A device developed specifically for cavopulmonary support is thus considered, while current commercial ventricular assist devices (VAD) induce high shear rates to blood, and have issues with paediatric suitability. Aim: To demonstrate the feasibility of a small, valveless, non-invasive to blood and pulsatile rotary pump, which integrates impedance and peristaltic effects. Methods: A prototype pump was designed and fabricated in-house without any effort to optimise its specification. It was then tested in vitro, in terms of effect of pumping frequency, background pressure differences and pump size on output performance. Results: Net flow rate (NFR) and maximum pressure head delivery are both reasonably linearly dependent on pumping frequency within normal physiological range. Positive linearity is also observed between NFR and the extent of asymmetric pumping. The device regulates NFR in favourable pressure head difference and overcomes significant adverse pressure head difference. Additionally, performance is shown to be insensitive to device size. Conclusions: The feasibility of the novel rotary pump integrating impedance and peristaltic effects is demonstrated to perform in normal physiological conditions without any optimisation effort. It provides promising results for possible future paediatric cavopulmonary support and warrants further investigation of miniaturisation and possible haemolysis.
Predictive values and relationships of serum PSA levels, delta neutrophil index, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and other hematological parameters in patients with acute prostatitis
Authors: Uyanık Bekir Sami , Cakiroglu Basri , Gozukucuk Ramazan 
Published: September 2024

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive values and relationships of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, delta neutrophil index (DNI), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and other hematological parameters in patients diagnosed with acute prostatitis. Methods: Serum PSA levels and hemogram parameters of patients diagnosed with acute prostatitis were retrospectively analyzed. Healthy patients of the same age group were assigned to the control group. WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, thrombocyte (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), NLR, and DNI were determined. Serum total PSA and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were also assessed. Results: Total PSA levels (3.48 [1.11–6.66]) in the acute prostatitis (AP) group were significantly higher than those of healthy men (0.82 [0.47–1.39]) ( p < 0.001). Total CRP levels (3.88 [1.50–22.03]) in the AP group were significantly higher than those in healthy men (1.15 [0.89–2.00]) ( p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of PSA at a cutoff value of 1.52 were 68.4% and 79.7%, respectively. The NLR value in the AP group was 2.62 (1.87–4.42), compared to 1.63 (1.18–2.20) in the healthy group ( p < 0.001). Differences in WBC, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were also statistically significant ( p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in PLT, PCT, or DNI values. Significant positive correlations were observed between PSA, CRP, and DNI values (all p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the usefulness of NLR, PSA, CRP, and WBC as predictors of acute prostatitis. NLR is a simple, inexpensive inflammation parameter that correlates well with CRP levels.
Outcomes After Percutaneous Zadek Osteotomy for Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Hall SarahRose , Schipper Oliver N. , Kaplan Jonathan R. M. , Johnson A. Holly , Gonzalez Tyler A. , Vulcano Ettore 
Published: September 2024

Background: Surgical treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) historically consists of Achilles tendon debridement with reattachment and excision of the posterosuperior calcaneal prominence with or without a gastrocnemius recession. Zadek osteotomy (ZO) is an alternative to an open midline splitting approach. The purpose of this study was to analyze patient-reported outcomes and complications after percutaneously performed ZO with minimum 2 years’ follow-up. Methods: One hundred eight cases treated with percutaneous ZO with a minimum 2-year follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative complications and patient satisfaction were evaluated. Foot Function Index (FFI) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were recorded at preoperative and follow-up appointments to measure patients’ functional outcomes and pain, respectively. Results: Mean follow-up was 41.2 months (range, 24-65). Mean age was 51.8 years (range, 28-81). The mean FFI score improved from 56.1 (range, 47-88) to 11.0 (range, 7-59) postoperatively ( P < .001). The mean VAS score improved from 7.7 (range, 5-10) to 0.4 (range, 0-7) postoperatively ( P < .001). The overall complication rate was 3.8% (n = 4). Of 104 cases, 98.1% of patients said they were satisfied with their procedure (n = 102) when asked if they were satisfied with their ZO and recovery. Conclusion: We found the percutaneous ZO to be a safe and effective intervention for treatment of IAT. At a minimum of 2-year follow-up, this intervention is associated with minimal complications, improved function, reduced pain, and a high rate of patient satisfaction.
Sharing Social Needs Data Across Sectors: Lessons From the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Innovation Center’s Accountable Health Communities Model
Authors: Bosold Alyssa , Singhakiat Barbara , Talwar-Hebert Maya , Robinson Shauna , Shybut Alek , Crane Gigi , Weintraub Toni Abrams 
Published: September 2024

Health-related social needs (HRSNs), like unstable housing, inability to afford utilities, food insecurity, unreliable transportation, and lack of personal safety, profoundly affect people’s health and well-being. Between 2017 and 2022, awardees of the Accountable Health Communities Model (AHC) addressed the health-related social needs of Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries through screening, referral, and community navigation services. Using and sharing HRSN data between clinical and community partners was a critical component of these efforts. This article shares findings from focus groups and interviews with 19 AHC awardees and seven of their partners. It explores the following: 1. Whether sharing HRSN data with clinical partners informed clinical care 2. Successes and challenges related to sharing data with community-based organizations (CBOs) and clinical partners 3. How awardees collected and used HRSN data to advance health equity Half of awardees interviewed documented HRSNs in electronic health records and shared aggregated HRSN data with CBOs. HRSN data enabled some clinicians to adjust patient care, although most were uncertain about how to do so. Participants described how sharing HRSN data with communities informs program and funding priorities to improve equity. However, CBOs noted that they had limited incentive to participate in data-sharing platforms. Our work highlights opportunities to provide guidance to clinicians on how to use HRSN screening results in care, standardize HRSN screening results in electronic health records, and co-create data-sharing initiatives with CBOs and patients to ensure meaningful participation.
Early Experience With a Novel Super-Hydrophilic Laparoscopic Scope Cleaning Device and Narrative Review of Available Cleaning Strategies
Authors: Spurzem Graham J. , Broderick Ryan C. , Cota Patricia R. , Sandler Bryan J. , Jacobsen Garth R. , Horgan Santiago 
Published: September 2024

Background Impaired visibility is a challenge in laparoscopic surgery. Frequent scope removal increases operative time, reduces efficiency, and potentially compromises patient safety. We examine our initial experience with a novel cleaning device that applies cold plasma to the scope lens and review current available laparoscope cleaning methods. Methods The novel device was used in a variety of laparoscopic general surgery cases from April to November 2023. Primary outcome was number of scope removals per case. Secondary outcomes were time spent cleaning and number of times the scope became smudged or dirty with blood/tissue debris (debris events). An existing device that utilizes heated anti-fogging solution was used for comparison. Results 97 cases were included (31 with novel device and 66 with existing device). Scope removal rate for the novel device was lower compared to the existing device (0.87 ± 1.02 vs 0.97 ± 1.20 removals/case, P = 0.69), but not statistically significant. Average number of debris events was also lower for the novel device, but not statistically significant (0.90 ± 0.94 vs 1.0 ± 1.18 debris events/case, P = 0.69). Average total time spent cleaning per case was similar between devices (16.9 ± 24.0 vs 15.9 ± 18.7 seconds, P = 0.82). Conclusion This study demonstrates that a hydrophilic scope cleaning device has comparable performance to heated anti-fogging solution and may reduce scope removals and debris events. Direct comparisons between cleaning products are lacking. Surgeons are most likely to be successful with the cleaning strategy that best suits one’s surgical practice.
Outcome of early versus late primary embolization in ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Vervoort Matthias , Singfer Uri , Van Cauwenberghe Lien , Nordin Niels , Vanlangenhove Peter , Verbeke Luc , Colpaert Kirsten , Baert Edward , Martens Frederic , Defreyne Luc , Dhondt Elisabeth 
Published: September 2024

PurposeTo determine whether patients with a ruptured brain arteriovenous malformation (rBAVM) would benefit from an early embolization.MethodsrBAVM treated first by embolization between March 2002 and May 2022 were included. Embolization was defined early (Group 1) when performed within 10 days postbleeding. If later, embolization was considered late (Group 2). Demographic and rBAVM data were compared between the groups. High-risk bleeding components and reasons for deferring embolization were retrieved. Primary endpoint was rebleeding. Secondary endpoints were good functional outcome (FO, modified Rankin Scale mRS ≤ 2) and angiographic occlusion. Predictors of rebleeding and FO were determined by multivariate analysis.Results105 patients were recruited ( N = 34 in Group 1; N = 71 in Group 2). No rebleeding was noted before, during or after the first embolization session in the early embolization group. Late embolization depended on missed diagnosis and referral pattern. Eleven patients (10.5%) suffered a rebleeding, of whom N = 3 before embolization (only in Group 2), N = 5 periembolization ( N = 2 at the second embolization session in Group 1) and N = 3 spontaneous more than 30 days postembolization. More high-risk components were embolized in Group 1 (19/34; 55.9 vs 17/71; 23.9%; p = .011). Rebleeding rates, FO at last FU (90.9% vs 74.3%) and occlusion rates (80.8% vs 88.5%) did not differ between the groups. Glasgow coma scale ≤ 8 predicted rebleeding, rebleeding correlated with poor FO.ConclusionEarly embolization did prevent rebleeding. The overall rebleeding risk was linked to bleeding before late embolization and bleeding at the second embolization. Rebleeding predicted the final FO.
Shoulder Injury Incidence and Epidemiology in Youth, High School, and Collegiate Fastpitch Softball Players: A Systematic Review and Future Research Perspectives
Authors: Como Matthew , Fatora Gabrielle , Boden Stephanie A. , Reddy Rajiv P. , Njoku-Austin Confidence , Nazzal Ehab M. , Lin Albert 
Published: September 2024

Context: Fastpitch softball is one of the most popular sports in the United States among young female athletes. Softball players regularly subject their shoulders to extreme range of motion and high velocity movements. To date, no systematic review has reported on the epidemiology and incidence of shoulder injuries in softball players. Objective: To describe the incidence and epidemiology of softball-related shoulder injuries in youth, high school, and collegiate female softball players. Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for relevant English language articles from 1980 to 2023. Study Selection: Studies selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. Studies were required to be available full text, in English. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: A preliminary screening was performed based on study title and abstract. In the subsequent screening, the full text versions of the remaining articles were evaluated by 2 reviewers for the fulfillment of the inclusion criteria. Results: A total of 7 articles met criteria for inclusion. All studies evaluated injuries among softball players for at least 1 season. In total, there were 1107 softball-related shoulder injuries reported in the 7 studies included in this systematic review. Of the 3 studies that included a shoulder injury rate, a mean rate of 4.01 shoulder injuries per 10,000 athlete-exposures was calculated. The 2 most common shoulder injuries were shoulder muscle-tendon strains (297) and shoulder/biceps tendinitis (220). Conclusion: High-level prospective studies reporting injury incidence and risk factors among female softball players are extremely limited. Only 2 studies eligible for inclusion in this systematic review were prospective in nature, with neither of these reporting the specific injury rate for shoulder injuries among softball players.