bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal tolerance and climate warming sensitivity in tropical snails
Authors: Marshall David J. , Rezende Enrico L. , Baharuddin Nursalwa , Choi Francis , Helmuth Brian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTropical ectotherms are predicted to be especially vulnerable to climate change because their thermal tolerance limits generally lie close to current maximum air temperatures. This prediction derives primarily from studies on insects and lizards and remains untested for other taxa with contrasting ecologies. We studied theHCT(heat coma temperatures) and ULT (upper lethal temperatures) of 40 species of tropical eulittoral snails (Littorinidae and Neritidae) inhabiting exposed rocky shores and shaded mangrove forests in Oceania, Africa, Asia and North America. We also estimated extremes in animal body temperature at each site using a simple heat budget model and historical (20 years) air temperature and solar radiation data. Phylogenetic analyses suggest thatHCTandULTexhibit limited adaptive variation across habitats (mangroves vs. rocky shores) or geographic locations despite their contrasting thermal regimes. Instead, the elevated heat tolerance of these species (HCT = 44.5 ± 1.8°C andULT = 52.1 ± 2.2°C) seems to reflect the extreme temperature variability of intertidal systems. Sensitivity to climate warming, which was quantified as the difference betweenHCTorULTand maximum body temperature, differed greatly between snails from sunny (rocky shore; Thermal Safety Margin,TSM = −14.8 ± 3.3°C and −6.2 ± 4.4°C forHCTandULT, respectively) and shaded (mangrove) habitats (TSM = 5.1 ± 3.6°C and 12.5 ± 3.6°C). NegativeTSMs in rocky shore animals suggest that mortality is likely ameliorated during extreme climatic events by behavioral thermoregulation. Given the low variability in heat tolerance across species, habitat and geographic location account for most of the variation inTSMand may adequately predict the vulnerability to climate change. These findings caution against generalizations on the impact of global warming across ectothermic taxa and highlight how the consideration of nonmodel animals, ecological transitions, and behavioral responses may alter predictions of studies that ignore these biological details.
Dinuclear Di(N‐heterocyclic carb­ene) Iridium(III) Complexes as Catalysts in Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Volpe Andrea , Baldino Salvatore , Tubaro Cristina , Baratta Walter , Basato Marino , Graiff Claudia 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTwo novel di(N‐heterocyclic carbene) complexes of formula (μ‐PyrIm‐CH2‐ImPyr)[IrCp*Cl]2(PF6)2 (1) and μ‐MeIm‐CH2(p‐C6H2)CH2‐ImMe[IrCp*Cl]2 (2) (Im = imidazol‐2‐ylidene) have been synthesised by transmetallation of the dicarbene ligand from the corresponding dicarbene silver complex, using [IrCp*(μ‐Cl)Cl]2 as an iridium precursor. The structure of complex 2 has been determined by X‐ray diffraction and is characterized by a double ortho‐metallation of the p‐xylylene bridge between the carbene units. Both complexes show good activity in the transfer hydrogenation of ketones to alcohols in 2‐propanol.
Ullmann‐Type and Related Redox Reactions of Nitrosyl Molybdenum Complexes Bearing a Large‐Bite‐Angle Diphosphine
Authors: Chakraborty Subrata , Kunjanpillai Rajesh , Blacque Olivier , Berke Heinz 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe reactions of ArX (X = Cl and Br) with [Mo(NO)(P∩P)(NCMe)3][BArF4] P∩P = 2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)diphenyl ether (DPEphos), BArF4 = tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate at 120 °C resulted in the formation of biphenyl (through CAr–CAr reductive homocoupling) and the dinuclear halide salts [Mo2(NO)2(P∩P)2(NCMe)2(μ‐X)2][BArF4]2 (X = Cl, 1; Br, 2). Complexes 1 and 2 potentially show cisoid (1c and 2c) and transoid (1t and 2t) regioisomerism with respect to the position of the NO ligand. The crystal‐structure determinations of 1 and 2 revealed the presence of the transoid isomers 1t and 2t and MI–MI bonding in both cases. A proposed mechanism for the formation of 1t and 2t involves reductive CAr–CAr coupling to form biphenyl from two Ph–MoII centers. In addition, the complexes Mo(NO)(P∩P)(CO)2Cl (3) and [Mo(NO)(mer‐κ3‐P,P,O‐DPEphos)Cl(PR3)] (R = Me, 4; Ph, 5) were obtained through the reductions of [Mo2(NO)2(P∩P)2Cl4(μ‐Cl)2].
Molecular Design and Synthesis of a Planar Telomestatin Analogue
Authors: Seyfried Martin S. , Alzeer Jawad , Luedtke Nathan W. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHypothetical macrocycles containing eight fused oxazole units would be logical planar analogues of telomestatin, but DFT calculations suggest the presence of excessive macrocyclic ring strain in such molecules that could complicate their synthesis and/or stability. We therefore designed a planar, C4‐symmetric macrocycle composed of four oxazole and four thiazole units containing little or no ring strain. Cyclo(‐ox‐thia)4 (1) was successfully prepared from serine and cysteine in 19 steps to furnish the first example of an octa‐azole macrocycle containing eight fused azole units.
Preparation of Tri‐ and Hexasubstituted Triptycene Synthons by Transition Metal Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions for Post‐Modifications
Authors: Moylan Claire , Rogers Luke , Shaker Yasser M. , Davis Mia , Eckhardt Hans‐Georg , Eckert Raphael , Ryan Aoife A. , Senge Mathias O. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRational building strategies and appropriate synthons have been developed for the use of triptycene as a rigid presenting scaffold. Palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions, such as Sonogashira and Suzuki couplings, were used to install a variety of different synthetic handles around the triptycene periphery in a high‐yielding and controlled manner. These triptycene molecular handles were investigated for their potential in the construction of molecular arrays with defined spatial orientation e.g., for host‐guest interactions or drug delivery systems. Such molecular synthons afforded expansion from the triptycene core by employing arm extension to increase the internal free volume characteristic of triptycene scaffolds for such applications. In addition, a range of mesogenic and glycosyl triptycene derivatives were achieved as a synthetic proof of concept for future work on potential drug delivery systems.
The Role of Survey Data in Nowcasting Euro Area GDP Growth
Authors: Girardi Alessandro , Gayer Christian , Reuter Andreas 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis paper evaluates the impact of new releases of financial, real activity and survey data on nowcasting euro area gross domestic product (GDP). We show that all three data categories positively impact on the accuracy of GDP nowcasts, whereby the effect is largest in the case of real activity data. When treating variables as if they were all published at the same time and without any time lag, financial series lose all their significance, while survey data remain an important ingredient for the nowcasting exercise. The subsequent analysis shows that the sectoral coverage of survey data, which is broader than that of timely available real activity data, as well as their information content stemming from questions focusing on agents' expectations, are the main sources of the ‘genuine’ predictive power of survey data. When the forecast period is restricted to the 2008–09 financial crisis, the main change is an enhanced forecasting role for financial data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The long path to approval of the Semmering Base Tunnel and the effect on construction progress / Der lange Weg zur Genehmigung des Semmering‐Basistunnels und Auswirkungen auf den Bauablauf
Authors: Gobiet Gerhard , Nipitsch Gernot 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWith the ruling of the Austrian federal administrative court in May 2015, all necessary permits have now been issued for the construction of the Semmering Base Tunnel. The project is one of the most reviewed projects in Austria, and as the other authorities had done previously, the federal administrative court once again confirmed the environmental acceptability of the project. Until the judgement of the constitutional high court with the revocation of the construction permit (served on 10 February 2014), all necessary preliminary works had been carried out on schedule and within budget since 2012. The preliminary works started in the Fröschnitzgraben in January 2014 could however only be continued with limitations on the basis of official notifications issued without preliminary investigation. No construction could take place at the landfill site due to the lack of a decision under the waste management law. Only after the ruling by the federal administrative court could the construction works be resumed at full pace. Works started soon after in the Gloggnitz tunnel section in Lower Austria on 1 July 2015. Construction works for the third and final tunnel section, Grautschenhof , were officially tendered on 2 September 2015. By 2016, all tunnel construction contracts should be continuously under construction.Für den Bau des Semmering‐Basistunnels liegen nach der erfolgten Entscheidung des Bundesverwaltungsgerichts im Mai 2015 nun alle erforderlichen Genehmigungen vor. Das Projekt ist eines der meistgeprüften Projekte Österreichs, und wie schon die anderen Behörden zuvor, hat auch das Bundesverwaltungsgericht erneut die Umweltverträglichkeit des Projekts bestätigt. Bis zum Urteil des Verwaltungsgerichthofs mit der Aufhebung des Baubescheids (Zustellung 10. Februar 2014) konnten alle erforderlichen Vorarbeiten seit 2012 im Zeit‐ und Kostenrahmen umgesetzt werden. Die im Fröschnitzgraben im Januar 2014 begonnen Vorarbeiten konnten jedoch nur eingeschränkt auf Basis von Mandatsbescheiden fortgeführt werden. In der Deponie konnte wegen des Fehlens des AWG‐Bescheids gar nicht gebaut werden. Erst mit Vorliegen der Entscheidung durch das Bundesverwaltungsgericht konnten die Bauarbeiten wieder volle Fahrt aufnehmen. Der Baubeginn des niederösterreichischen Tunnelabschnitts Gloggnitz erfolgte bereits am 1. Juli 2015. Die Bauarbeiten des dritten und letzten Tunnelabschnitts Grautschenhof wurden am 2. September 2015 öffentlich ausgeschrieben. Ab Frühjahr 2016 sind voraussichtlich alle Tunnelbaulose durchgängig in Bau.
The third tunnel boring machine for the Koralm Tunnel / Die dritte Tunnelvortriebsmaschine für den Koralmtunnel
Authors: Kiesling Andreas , Glösl Harald , Nussbaumer Alex 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOn contract KAT3 of the Koralm Tunnel, a multi‐mode tunnel boring machine with a diameter of 9,940 mm and an overall length of about 250 m will be used. The capability of the machine to be rebuilt from earth pressure to hard rock mode will enable it to bore through geologically different rock mass zones. It will be assembled in the launching excavation at Mitterpichling and at the west portal on the site facilities area, where the entire necessary infrastructure and segment production plant are situated. The particular geological challenges demand preliminary trials and special equipment on the tunnel boring machine.Im Baulos KAT3 des Koralmtunnels kommt eine Multimode‐Tunnelvortriebsmaschine, mit einem Durchmesser von 9.940 mm und einer Gesamtlänge von ca. 250 m, zum Einsatz. Die Umbaubarkeit der TVM vom Erddruck‐ auf den Hartgesteinsmodus ermöglicht die Durchörterung der geologisch unterschiedlichen Gebirgsbereiche. Die Montage erfolgt in der Baugrube Mitterpichling sowie am Westportal auf der Baustelleneinrichtungsfläche, auf der auch die gesamte erforderliche Infrastruktur und die Tübbingfabrik liegen. Die besonderen geologischen Herausforderungen erfordern Vorversuche und spezielle Einrichtungen auf der Tunnelvortriebsmaschine.
Causal Genetic Inference Using Haplotypes as Instrumental Variables
Authors: Wang Fan , Meyer Nuala J. , Walley Keith R. , Russell James A. , Feng Rui 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn genomic studies with both genotypes and gene or protein expression profile available, causal effects of gene or protein on clinical outcomes can be inferred through using genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs). The goal of introducing IV is to remove the effects of unobserved factors that may confound the relationship between the biomarkers and the outcome. A valid inference under the IV framework requires pairwise associations and pathway exclusivity. Among these assumptions, the IV expression association needs to be strong for the casual effect estimates to be unbiased. However, a small number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) often provide limited explanation of the variability in the gene or protein expression and can only serve as weak IVs. In this study, we propose to replace SNPs with haplotypes as IVs to increase the variant‐expression association and thus improve the casual effect inference of the expression. In the classical two‐stage procedure, we developed a haplotype regression model combined with a model selection procedure to identify optimal instruments. The performance of the new method was evaluated through simulations and compared with the IV approaches using observed multiple SNPs. Our results showed the gain of power to detect a causal effect of gene or protein on the outcome using haplotypes compared with using only observed SNPs, under either complete or missing genotype scenarios. We applied our proposed method to a study of the effect of interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) protein expression on the 90‐day survival following sepsis and found that overly expressed IL‐1β is likely to increase mortality.
A new static p‐y approach for piles with arbitrary dimensions in sand
Authors: Thieken Klaus , Achmus Martin , Lemke Katrin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWhen it comes to the general design of laterally loaded piles in offshore environments, bedding resistance is usually modelled by the p‐y method recommended in the offshore guidelines (OGL). Several investigations presented in the literature indicate that the head displacements of large‐diameter monopiles are underestimated for extreme loads but overestimated for small operational loads. An extensive evaluation of the OGL method is presented here using three‐dimensional numerical simulations. The evaluation has shown that the OGL method is not applicable for the design of large‐diameter piles. Moreover, modified p‐y formulations presented in the literature accounting for the effect of the pile diameter are also not generally suitable for piles with arbitrary dimensions and load levels. Therefore, the derivation of a new p‐y approach is presented in detail. The new approach consists of “basic p‐y curves” that are valid for a pile of infinite length exhibiting a constant horizontal deflection. In an iterative scheme, these basic curves are adapted depending on the pile deflection line and the pile length to account for a more realistic bedding resistance along the pile shaft. A comprehensive parametric study with 250 pile‐soil systems reveals that the new p‐y approach is able to predict the horizontal loadbearing behaviour as well as the local pile‐soil interaction quite realistically.Ein neuer statischer p‐y‐Ansatz für Pfähle beliebiger Abmessungen in Sand. Für die Bemessung horizontal belasteter Offshore‐Pfähle wird der Bettungswiderstand üblicherweise durch die in den Offshore‐Richtlinien (OGL) empfohlene p‐y‐Methode ermittelt. Verschiedene Untersuchungen aus der Literatur zeigen, dass die Verformungen von Monopiles mit großen Durchmessern für Extremlasten durch die OGL‐Methode unterschätzt, für geringe Betriebslasten dagegen überschätzt werden. Der vorliegende Artikel beinhaltet eine umfassende Bewertung der p‐y‐Methode basierend auf dreidimensionalen numerischen Simulationen. Als Ergebnis ist festzustellen, dass die OGL‐Methode zur Bemessung von Pfählen großer Durchmesser nicht geeignet erscheint. Auch modifizierte p‐y‐Ansätze zur Berücksichtigung des Einflusses des Pfahldurchmessers sind nicht generell anwendbar für Pfähle beliebiger Abmessungen und Belastungen. Diesbezüglich soll die Ermittlung eines neuen p‐y‐Ansatzes dargestellt werden. Der neue Ansatz basiert auf sogenannten “p‐y‐Basiskurven”, welche Gültigkeit für einen unendlich langen Pfahl mit einer über die Länge konstanten horizontalen Verschiebung aufweisen. In einem iterativen Vorgehen werden diese Basiskurven zur Erreichung eines realistischen Verlaufs der Bettungswiderstände in Abhängigkeit der Pfahlbiegelinie und ‐länge angepasst. Eine umfassende Parameterstudie mit 250 Pfahl‐Bodensystemen zeigt, dass der neue p‐y‐Ansatz geeignet ist, sowohl das globale Tragverhalten als auch die lokalen Pfahl‐Boden‐Interaktionen realistisch zu prognostizieren.
Setzungsfließen
Authors: Gudehus Gerd , Keßler Jürgen , Lucke Beate 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDer Begriff Setzungsfließen bezeichnet eine Rutschung von teilweise geflutetem lockerem Sand in geneigtem oder abgeböschtem Gelände mit Verflüssigung unterhalb einer erdfeuchten Deckschicht. Durch Initiale genannte mechanische Störungen wird der Porenwasserdruck erhöht und eine Kettenreaktion ausgelöst, bei der nacheinander Teile einer erdfeuchten Deckschicht auf einer zunehmenden Sandbreizone wegschwimmen, bis die bewegte Masse sich talseits – ggf. unter Wasser – staut und sich bergseits in Bruchstaffeln verklemmt. In offenem Wasser vor einem Böschungsfuß entstehen dabei infolge rascher Verdrängung Schwallwellen. Ein lockeres geflutetes Korngefüge neigt mit gashaltigen Makroporen vermehrt zur Verflüssigung. Das in einer von selbst voranlaufenden Front zu Sandbrei kollabierende Korngefüge erzeugt kilometerweit beobachtbare seismische Wellen. Hinter der Front steigen Gas und Wasser aus dem Sandbrei auf und reißen Körner mit. Durch schonende Sprengungen wird eine Ausgasung und Entwässerung erreicht, wobei ein Setzungsfließen durch die erdfeuchte Deckschicht mithilfe von Perforationen blockiert wird. Die Entwicklung von Sandbreizonen ist an der Fernfeldseismik erkennbar; das ermöglicht eine günstigere Anordnung von Sprengungen und Perforationen und unterstützt den Nachweis der Stabilisierung. So werden bereits rekultivierte Tagebaukippen in der Lausitz wieder nutzbar, die Innovationen sind aber nicht darauf begrenzt.The notion Setzungsfließen (flow slide) denotes a landslide in partly flooded loose sand with slopes or terraces due to liquefaction below a humid cover. Mechanical perturbations raise the pore water pressure and trigger a chain reaction wherein parts of the humid cover flow sideways upon an increasing quicksand zone, until the moving mass is jammed below – if occasion arises under water – and above in an en‐échelon rupture. Thus surges arise in open water driven rapidly by the slope. A loose flooded grain fabric is more prone to liquefaction with gas‐filled macropores. The collapse of the grain fabric into quicksand in spontaneously prograding fronts generates seismic waves which are observable kilometers away. Gas and water rise behind the front and drag off grains. De‐gassing and ‐watering is achieved by gentle blasting, during which a flow slide is blocked through the humid cover with the aid of perforations. The evolution of quicksand zones is recognizable from the far‐field seismicity, this enables a favourable array of explosives and perforations and supports the proof of stabilization. Thus recultivated lignite mining deposits in Lusatia/Germany can be used again, but the innovations are not confined to such cases.
The Lise Meitner‐Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry: 18 Years of Israeli‐German Collaboration
Authors: Shaik Sason , Karni Miri , Danovich David , Apeloig Yitzhak 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe tell the story of the Lise Meitner‐Minerva Center, its establishment and activities, its members and their scientific activity, and its instrumental role in weaving intense relationships with the theoretical community in Germany, and in amalgamating the Israeli community of computational quantum chemistry into a national center that enjoys a high international reputation.
Anaplerotic Accumulation of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates as Well as Changes in Other Key Metabolites During Heterotopic Ossification
Authors: Davis Eleanor L. , Salisbury Elizabeth A. , Olmsted‐Davis Elizabeth , Davis Alan R. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTHeterotopic ossification (HO) is the de novo formation of bone that occurs in soft tissue, through recruitment, expansion, and differentiation of multiple cells types including transient brown adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, mast cells, and platelets to name a few. Much evidence is accumulating that suggests changes in metabolism may be required to accomplish this bone formation. Recent work using a mouse model of heterotopic bone formation reliant on delivery of adenovirus‐transduced cells expressing low levels of BMP2 showed the immediate expansion of a unique brown adipocyte‐like cell. These cells are undergoing robust uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation to a level such that oxygen in the microenvironment is dramatically lowered creating areas of hypoxia. It is unclear how these oxygen changes ultimately affect metabolism and bone formation. To identify the processes and changes occurring over the course of bone formation, HO was established in the mice, and tissues isolated at early and late times were subjected to a global metabolomic screen. Results show that there are significant changes in both glucose levels, as well as TCA cycle intermediates. Additionally, metabolites necessary for oxidation of stored lipids were also found to be significantly elevated. The complete results of this screen are presented here, and provide a unique picture of the metabolic changes occurring during heterotopic bone formation. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1044–1053, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IL‐1α Counteract TGF‐β Regulated Genes and Pathways in Human Fibroblasts
Authors: Koskela von Sydow Anita , Janbaz Chris , Kardeby Caroline , Repsilber Dirk , Ivarsson Mikael 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTDysregulated wound healing is commonly associated with excessive fibrosis. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is characteristically overexpressed in fibrotic diseases and stimulated by transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) in dermal fibroblasts. We previously showed that interleukin‐1 (IL‐1α) counteracts TGF‐β‐stimulated CTGF mRNA and protein expression in these cells. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of IL‐1α on further genes and pathways in TGF‐β regulated fibroblasts. Transcriptional microarray and multiple comparison analysis showed that the antagonizing effects of IL‐1α was much more prominent than the synergistic effects, both with respect to number of genes and extent of changes in gene expression. Moreover, comparing canonical pathways by gene set enrichment analysis and the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool revealed that IL‐1α counteracted TGF‐β in the top six most confident pathways regulated by both cytokines. Interferon and IL‐1 signaling, as well as two pathways involved in apoptosis signaling were suppressed by TGF‐β and activated by IL‐1α. Pathways involving actin remodeling and focal adhesion dynamics were activated by TGF‐β and suppressed by IL‐1α. Analyzing upstream regulators in part corroborate the comparison of canonical pathways and added cell cycle regulators as another functional group regulated by IL‐1α. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis of fibrosis‐related genes indicated that IL‐1 moderately counteracts the collective effect of TGF‐β on these genes. Microarray results were validated by qPCR. Taken together, the results indicate prominent antagonistic effects of IL‐1α on TGF‐β regulated interferon signaling, as well as on a wide variety of other genes and pathways in fibroblasts. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1622–1632, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.