bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural destabilization of tropomyosin induced by the cardiomyopathy‐linked mutation R21H
Authors: Ly Thu , Krieger Inna , Tolkatchev Dmitri , Krone Cheyenna , Moural Timothy , Samatey Fadel A. , Kang ChulHee , Kostyukova Alla S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe missense mutation R21H in striated muscle tropomyosin is associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a genetic cardiac disease and a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young people. Tropomyosin adopts conformation of a coiled coil which is critical for regulation of muscle contraction. In this study, we investigated the effects of the R21H mutation on the coiled‐coil structure of tropomyosin and its interactions with its binding partners, tropomodulin and leiomodin. Using circular dichroism and isothermal titration calorimetry, we found that the mutation profoundly destabilized the structural integrity of αTM1a1‐28Zip, a chimeric peptide containing the first 28 residues of tropomyosin. The mutated αTM1a1‐28Zip was still able to interact with tropomodulin and leiomodin. However, the mutation resulted in a ∼30‐fold decrease of αTM1a1‐28Zip's binding affinity to leiomodin. We used a crystal structure of αTM1a1‐28Zip that we solved at 1.5 Å resolution to study the mutation's effect in silico by means of molecular dynamics simulation. The simulation data indicated that while the mutation disrupted αTM1a1‐28Zip's coiled‐coil structure, most notably from residue Ala18 to residue His31, it may not affect the N‐terminal end of tropomyosin. The drastic decrease of αTM1a1‐28Zip's affinity to leiomodin caused by the mutation may lead to changes in the dynamics at the pointed end of thin filaments. Therefore, the R21H mutation is likely interfering with the regulation of the normal thin filament length essential for proper muscle contraction.
Migration decisions in the face of upheaval: An experimental approach
Authors: Baláž Vladimír , Williams Allan M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe analysis of migration under conditions of potential economic and political upheaval is challenging because these undermine the institutional framework that underpins existing migration trajectories. Therefore, this paper demonstrates how an innovative experimental approach can be used to analyse migration decision making under disruptive scenarios of a deep economic crisis and the introduction of work permits. Such disruptions have particular resonance in Europe, which has experienced deep economic crises, as well as discussions of potential regulatory shifts in the European migration framework following the United Kingdom's Brexit referendum. Data were collected from a sample of 540 experimental participants, drawn from young adults (students and young working people) in nine European Union member states, and used to analyse their propensity to migrate under principles of uncertainty, incomplete information, and information overload. The findings indicate that a sharp rise in unemployment rates is more disruptive than the introduction of work permits.
Foundations of the LRESC model for response properties and some applications
Authors: Aucar Gustavo A. , Melo Juan I. , Aucar Ignacio Agustín , Maldonado Alejandro F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAccurate calculations of some response properties, like the NMR spectroscopic parameters, are quite exigent for the theoretical quantum chemistry models together with the computational codes that are written from them. They need to include a very good description of the electronic density in regions close to the nuclei. When heavy‐atom containing systems are studied, those requirements become even higher. Given that relativistic effects must be included in one way or another on the calculation of response properties of heavy‐atoms and heavy‐atom containing molecules, different schemes were developed during the past decades to include them in as good as possible way. There are some four‐component models, which include relativistic effects in a very compact way, although calculations have large time‐consumption; one also needs to deal with new and unusual four‐component operators. There are also two‐component models, which in general may be less accurate, although their application to property calculations on medium‐size and large‐size molecules are feasible, and they maintain the application of usual operators. In this review, we give the fundamentals of the two‐component linear response elimination of small component formalism, LRESC, together with some applications to few selected response properties. New physical insights do appear when the LRESC model is used to analyze the effect of the environment on magnetic shieldings, and when one search for the relativistic extension of well‐known nonrelativistic relationships like Flygare's relation among the NMR magnetic shielding and the nuclear spin‐rotation constant. A similar relationship is found for the g‐tensor and the susceptibility tensor.
Comparing apples and oranges: Off‐road pedestrian detection on the National Robotics Engineering Center agricultural person‐detection dataset
Authors: Pezzementi Zachary , Tabor Trenton , Hu Peiyun , Chang Jonathan K. , Ramanan Deva , Wellington Carl , Wisely Babu Benzun P. , Herman Herman 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPerson detection from vehicles has made rapid progress recently with the advent of multiple high‐quality datasets of urban and highway driving, yet no large‐scale benchmark is available for the same problem in off‐road or agricultural environments. Here we present the National Robotics Engineering Center (NREC) Agricultural Person‐Detection Dataset to spur research in these environments. It consists of labeled stereo video of people in orange and apple orchards taken from two perception platforms (a tractor and a pickup truck), along with vehicle position data from Real Time Kinetic (RTK) GPS. We define a benchmark on part of the dataset that combines a total of 76k labeled person images and 19k sampled person‐free images. The dataset highlights several key challenges of the domain, including varying environment, substantial occlusion by vegetation, people in motion and in nonstandard poses, and people seen from a variety of distances; metadata are included to allow targeted evaluation of each of these effects. Finally, we present baseline detection performance results for three leading approaches from urban pedestrian detection and our own convolutional neural network approach that benefits from the incorporation of additional image context. We show that the success of existing approaches on urban data does not transfer directly to this domain.
2D Lead Dihalides for High‐Performance Ultraviolet Photodetectors and their Detection Mechanism Investigation
Authors: Tan Manlin , Hu Chao , Lan Yang , Khan Jahangeer , Deng Hui , Yang Xiaokun , Wang Peixiang , Yu Xiangxiang , Lai Jianjun , Song Haisheng 
Published: November 2017

Abstract2D halide semiconductors, a new family of 2D materials in addition to transition metal dichalcogenides, present ultralow dark current and high light conversion yield, which hold great potential in photoconductive detectors. Herein, a facile aqueous solution method is developed for the preparation of large‐scale 2D lead dihalide nanosheets (PbF2‐xIx). High‐performance UV photodetectors are successfully implemented based on 2D PbF2‐xIx nanosheets. By modulating the components of halogens, the bandgap of PbF2‐xIx nanosheets can be tuned to meet varied detection spectra. The photoresponse dependence on incident power density, wavelength, detection environment, and temperature are systematically studied to investigate their detection mechanism. For PbI2 photodetectors, they are dominantly driven by a photoconduction mechanism and show a fast response speed and a low noise current density. A high normalized detectivity of 1.5 × 1012 Jones and an ION/IOFF ratio up to 103 are reached. On the other hand, PbFI photodetectors demonstrate a photogating mechanism mediated by trap states showing high responsivity. The novel 2D halide materials with wide bandgaps, superior detection performance, and facile synthesis process can enrich the Van der Waals solids family and hold great potential for a wide variety of applications in advanced optoelectronics.
Zur computerorientierten Berechnung schubbeeinflusster Normalspannungen in Stäben
Authors: Kraus Matthias , Mämpel Silvio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHerrn Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Rolf Kindmann zur Vollendung seines 70. Lebensjahres gewidmetÜblicherweise erfolgt die Berechnung von Normalspannungen in Stäben unter der vereinfachenden Annahme, dass der Einfluss von Schubverzerrungen vernachlässigbar ist und die entsprechende Bernoulli‐Hypothese bei Biegebeanspruchungen bzw. die Wagner‐Hypothese bei Torsionsbeanspruchungen Gültigkeit haben. Für Querschnitte mit breiten Flanschen, wie sie beispielsweise im Brückenbau zum Einsatz kommen, ist jedoch bekannt, dass die mit der Biegung verbundenen Schubverzerrungen einen starken Einfluss auf die Verteilung der Normalspannungen haben können. Zur Erfassung des Effektes wurden mittragende Breiten definiert, die sich beispielsweise im Teil 1‐5 des Eurocodes für praktische Anwendungen wiederfinden. Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Beitrags wird eine numerische Herangehensweise vorgestellt, mit der Normalspannungen auf Grundlage der Stabtheorie infolge zweiachsiger Biegung und sekundärer Torsion unter Berücksichtigung des Schubverzerrungseinflusses bestimmt werden können. Grundlage stellt die Berechnung der Schubverformungen mit der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode (FEM) auf Basis einer Querschnittsdiskretisierung dar. Die Berücksichtigung von mittragenden Breiten bei der Normalspannungsberechnung ist damit nicht erforderlich.
Fügen von Konstruktionsprofilen aus GFK mit Verbindungsmitteln aus dem Stahlleichtbau
Authors: Krahwinkel Manuel , Gehmert Christian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHerrn Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Rolf Kindmann zur Vollendung seines 70. Lebensjahres gewidmetDie Verwendung von pultrudierten glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffprofilen als Primärstruktur findet eine immer weitere Verbreitung im Bauwesen. Momentan werden Stahlbauschrauben mit einem Durchmesser größer 10 mm für die Verbindung von vorgefertigten Bauteilen auf der Baustelle verwendet. Dieser Beitrag berichtet über Untersuchungen zu möglichen Alternativen zu diesem aus dem Stahlbau stammenden Verbindungsmittel. In umfangreichen Versuchen werden die Eigenschaften von Scher‐Lochleibungs‐Verbindungen mit gewindefurchenden Schrauben, Mehrbereichsblindnieten, hochfesten Strukturnieten, Selbstbohrschrauben sowie Schließringbolzen im Hinblick auf die Anwendbarkeit für die Verbindung von pultrudierten glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffprofilen untersucht und bewertet.
Antiviral activity of macrophage‐activating Chinese mixed herb hot water extract
Authors: Yoshida Yoshihiro , Tsukamoto Mayu , Muraoka Ken‐ichi , Yoshida Satoshi , Shiraki Kimiyasu 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTAimMacrophage‐activating Chinese mixed herb (MACH) extract, a hot‐water decoction of Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin seed), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower flower), P. asiatica (psyllium seed), and L. japonica (Japanese honeysuckle flower), is able to induce the production of interferon and interleukin, and hence reduce viral load in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the antiviral activity in the available models and identify the mechanism of alleviation of HCV infection.MethodsThe antiviral and anti‐Herpes simplex virus (anti‐HSV) activity of MACH extracts was examined using the plaque reduction assay in a mouse model of cutaneous HSV infection.ResultsMACH extracts inhibited plaque formation of HSV, Varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and poliovirus at 50% effective concentration for plaque formation (EC50) of 3.09, 0.84, 1.54, and 3.3 mg/mL, respectively. MACH extract inhibited the late protein synthesis of HSV, indicating inhibition of viral DNA synthesis. MACH extract was given orally at 0, 40, and 400 mg in 200 μL water 7 days before infection in female BALB/c mice (6 weeks old) cutaneously infected with HSV. MACH extract was not toxic, as assessed by bodyweight changes, and significantly alleviated the development of skin lesions at days 6–8 (P < 0.05) but did not prolong the survival period.ConclusionOn plaque reduction assay, MACH extract had significant but mild therapeutic anti‐HSV activity. This anti‐viral activity might be associated with the therapeutic antiviral activity in animals and humans.
Caregiver Quality of Life with Tyrosinemia Type 1
Authors: Campbell Hailey , Singh Rani H. , Hall Eric , Ali Nadia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTyrosinemia type I (HT1) is an inborn error of metabolism (IEM). Current management guidelines include lifelong specialized diet and use of the orphan drug, nitisinone. This study explores the quality of life (QOL) of caregivers of children with HT1. Caregivers for 26 children with HT1 completed a questionnaire (TYR‐QOL) adapted to this patient population from an existing validated QOL questionnaire (PKU‐QOL). Responses were analyzed via domain scores, based on predetermined scoring guidelines. Results suggest HT1 has a moderate overall impact on caregiver QOL, with emotional aspects of the disease having the greatest impact. HT1 diet and specialized formula also had an impact on caregiver QOL, with the vast majority feeling guilt if their child's diet and specialized formula plan were not followed. Management of nitisinone did not impact caregiver QOL. Results were compared to the phenylketonuria (PKU) population. Domain scores for the emotional, practical, social, and overall impact on QOL were higher for HT1 than for mild PKU, indicating a greater impact on QOL. Domain scores for practical and social aspects were similarly higher for HT1 than for classic PKU, though emotional and overall impacts were comparable. This is the first questionnaire to assess QOL in caregivers of children with HT1. Results can be used to better understand psychosocial implications of HT1 and assist healthcare professionals in addressing treatment issues.
Cohort Measures of Internal Migration: Understanding Long-Term Trends
Authors: Bernard Aude 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Internal migration intensities fluctuate over time, but both migration levels and trends show great diversity. The dynamics underpinning these trends remain poorly understood because they are analyzed almost exclusively by applying period measures to cross-sectional data. This article proposes 10 cohort measures that can be applied to both prospective and retrospective data to systematically examine long-term trends. To demonstrate their benefits, the proposed measures are applied to retrospective survey data for England that provide residential histories from birth to age 50 for cohorts born between 1918 and 1957. The analysis reveals stable lifetime migration for men but increased lifetime migration for women associated with earlier ages at moving in adulthood and a compression of intervals between consecutive moves. The proposed cohort measures provide a more comprehensive picture of migration behavior and should be used to complement period measures in exploring long-term trends. Increasing availability of retrospective and longitudinal survey data means that researchers can now apply the proposed measures to a wide range of countries.
Variable importance‐weighted Random Forests
Authors: Liu Yiyi , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundRandom Forests is a popular classification and regression method that has proven powerful for various prediction problems in biological studies. However, its performance often deteriorates when the number of features increases. To address this limitation, feature elimination Random Forests was proposed that only uses features with the largest variable importance scores. Yet the performance of this method is not satisfying, possibly due to its rigid feature selection, and increased correlations between trees of forest.MethodsWe propose variable importance‐weighted Random Forests, which instead of sampling features with equal probability at each node to build up trees, samples features according to their variable importance scores, and then select the best split from the randomly selected features.ResultsWe evaluate the performance of our method through comprehensive simulation and real data analyses, for both regression and classification. Compared to the standard Random Forests and the feature elimination Random Forests methods, our proposed method has improved performance in most cases.ConclusionsBy incorporating the variable importance scores into the random feature selection step, our method can better utilize more informative features without completely ignoring less informative ones, hence has improved prediction accuracy in the presence of weak signals and large noises. We have implemented an R package “viRandomForests” based on the original R package “randomForest” and it can be freely downloaded from http://zhaocenter.org/software.
A phenomenological study of families with drug-using children living in the society
Authors: Ritanti  , Wiarsih Wiwin , Asih Imalia Dewi , Susanto Tantut 
Published: November 2017

Background and objectives:
Adolescents have a risk of drug abuse during their development, which demands care by the parents in a family environment. This study explored the experiences of families with drug-using children.

Materials and methods:
This study used a descriptive phenomenological qualitative design. Seven participants were recruited for the study using the snowballing sampling technique. The data collection instruments employed included interviews, field notes, and tape recorders. Sociodemographic data were collected comprising age, sex, religion, and relationships with other drug users. Interview guidelines were prepared based on the research objectives and they were further translated into a number of questions to explore the experiences of the families. Data were obtained using in-depth interviews. The Colaizzi method was used for data analysis.

Results:
The results characterized the feelings of the parents/families, stigma felt by families, coping mechanisms used by families, family burden, ways of fixing the problem, obtaining the support of family, and family expectations of the parties involved. The families experienced a deep, prolonged, and repetitive grieving process.

Conclusions:
This study identified several themes in the experiences of families with drug-using children. We suggest that drug service agencies assign a public health nurse to act as a counselor and advocate to help families manage and overcome their problems.
Functional outcomes in patients submitted to restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis in a single tertiary center
Authors: Silva Ana Cristina , Sampaio Mónica , Marcos-Pinto Ricardo , Lago Paula , Rocha Anabela , Matos Eduarda , Santos Marisa D. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Background Functional results after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis are variable. We assessed functional results in patients with ileal pouch anal anastomosis and evaluated potential factors associated with poor functional results.
Methods Retrospective cohort study of 38 patients who were submitted to a restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis, in the context of ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis, in at tertiary referral center, in the period between 1993 and 2013. Clinical records were analyzed and telephone interviews with protocoled questionnaire to 32 patients (12 ulcerative colitis, 20 familial adenomatous polyposis) were performed. Pouch functional results were also evaluated based in the Oresland score. The functional results were analyzed at four points of the patient outcome.
Results In 25 patients were performed restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis and in 7 patients total colectomy preceded protectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis. Protective ileostomy was performed in all patients. There was no mortality and post-operative complications related with the pouch was 12.5% but treated conservatively. The mean follow-up was 13.2 years. Pouch failure occurs in 9.4% (2 in familial adenomatous polyposis and 1 in ulcerative colitis). Familial adenomatous polyposis patients achieved the best outcome but the outcome was acceptable in both groups. The median Oresland score was good with small variations over the years, although the best score being reached at 5 years after the surgery.
Conclusions The long-term results in patients undergoing restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis were good in both groups, although better in familial adenomatous polyposis. In both, the best score of functional results seems to be reached at 5 years after surgery.
Introduction: What Difference Did the Coleman Report Make?
Authors: Kantor Harvey , Lowe Robert 
Published: November 2017

The Coleman ReportFor this History of Education Quarterly Policy Forum, we look at the historical significance of the 1966 Coleman Report from several different perspectives. The four main essays published here originated as presentations for a session on “Legacies of the Coleman Report in US Thought and Culture” at the History of Education Society annual meeting in Providence, Rhode Island, in November 2016. Presenters for that session— Zoë Burkholder, Victoria Cain, Leah Gordon, and Ethan Hutt—went on to participate in an HES-sponsored session entitled “Currents in Egalitarian Thought in the 1960s and 1970s: The Coleman Report in American Politics, Media, and Social Science” at the Organization of American Historians meeting in New Orleans in April 2017. Thinking that their reflections on the reception and influence of the Coleman Report in different contexts would be of broad interest to HEQ readers, we asked members of the panel to comment on each other's papers and revise them for this Forum. We then invited Harvey Kantor of the University of Utah and Robert Lowe of Marquette University to write an introduction summarizing the origins and findings of the Coleman Report, along with their own assessment of what the presenters’ essays teach us about its long-term significance. What follows are Kantor and Lowe's Introduction, “What Difference Did the Coleman Report Make?,” together with substantive essays by Zoë Burkholder of Montclair State University, Victoria Cain of Northeastern University, Leah Gordon of Amherst College, and Ethan Hutt of the University of Maryland.