bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A BRIEF REVIEW OF ERGONOMIC WORKSTATION FOR DISABILITY STUDENT
Authors: Ab Ghani Ahmad Ikmal Hakim , Mat Yaakob Nur Haizal , Yusof Rozimah , Md Dawal Siti Zawiah 
Published: December 2015

This paper presents the review of the ergonomic on workstation for disable student in higher education. Most of disable especially in term of physically disable student has limitation in their study area, which highlighted here as workstation. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the significant role of ergonomic workstation for disable students, which will create an enjoyable learning environment for these students thus enhancing their self-motivation to learn. This review was conducted by referring on the published journal articles, conference papers, legislation, standards and other reports available on the internet sources. Data from the literature review shows that the number of disabled persons in Malaysia was on the rise from year 2009 till 2012 and they are facing many challenges in obtaining good education to prepare for their future work life. Many students with disabilities drop-out from high school before graduating, leaving them even more unprepared for and less likely to obtain a job. Therefore, implementation lifelong learning programs could provide them the opportunity to learn and equipped them with the appropriate skills and enhanced their survival in this challenging world.
ANTIBIOFILM AND ANTIADHESION ACTIVITIES OF PHALERIA MACROCARPA AGAINST ORAL STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS
Authors: Yik Hean Ng , Md Othman Siti Nur Atiqah , Basar Norazah , Jemon Khairunadwa 
Published: December 2015

Dental caries is a major concern in oral healthcare. Continuous research have been performed extensively in finding new compounds that are capable to solve the problems. Phaleria macrocarpa has been identified effective against hypertension, diabetic, cancer, and diuretic acid. In this study, antiadhesion and antibiofilm activities of Streptococcus mutans were investigated using crude extracts of fruit, leaf and stem of P. macrocarpa. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was conducted to identify the lowest concentration of the extracts required to suppress the activity of S. mutans. This assay confirmed that all tested extracts were able to inhibit the bacterial activities with concentration of less than 8 mg/mL and thus can be classified as a natural antimicrobial agents. The extracts were found capable of reducing 50 to 80% of both adhesion and biofilm activity of S. mutans at 1.56 mg/mL. Results from this study provide a preliminary data for the effectiveness of P. macrocarpa crude extracts as antiadhesion and antibiofilm agent against S. mutans and may have potential for antiseptic agent to treat oral dental caries.
CYTOTOXICITY EFFECTS OF TYPHONIUM FLAGELLIFORME AND CLINACANTHUS NUTANS ON BREAST CANCER CELLS
Authors: Khiru Nasir Nadhira Atiqah , Mohd Bohari Siti Pauliena 
Published: December 2015

Cancers are diseases that can cause death and breast cancer is one of the prevalence cancers. Conventional treatments have been used to treat cancer. However, these treatments produced inefficient effects and low survival rate. Therefore, most cancer patients began to consume complementary and utilized alternative treatments to alleviate their pain. This study is to identify the cytotoxicity effect of methanolic leaves extract Typhonium flagelliforme and Clinacanthus nutans on breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). MTT assay has been used to determine the cytotoxicity effect of both plants on MDA-MB-231 cells and CHO cells (non-cancerous cell), which acted as the positive control cells. Result revealed that T. flagelliforme extract has shown higher cytotoxic effect on MDA-MB-231cells (IC50: 0.11 mg/mL) compared to C. nutans extract (IC50: 0.17 mg/mL). Then, the IC50 values of T. flagelliforme and C. nutans extract on CHO cells were 0.10 mg/mL and 0.24 mg/mL respectively. Based on these results, T. flagelliforme represented higher toxicity effect on CHO compared to the MDA-MB-231 cells. Thus, in future CHO cell (as a positive control) can be replaced with a normal breast cell line such as HCC1395 (epithelial mammary duct of normal breast cells) to understand clearly the toxicity effect of T. flagelliforme extract towards the normal breast cell. Moreover, identification of potential compounds that can inhibit MDA-MB-231 cells growth is also important for future research.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATION ON GROWTH, LIPID PRODUCTIVITY AND METHYL PALMITATE METHYL ESTER PRODUCTION BY NANNOCHLOROPSIS OCULATA
Authors: Mahat Katijah , Jamaluddin Haryati , Mohd. Zain Nor Azimah 
Published: December 2015

This study reports the effect of different phosphate concentration ranging from 0 g/L, 0.1 g/L, 0.2 g/L, 0.5 g/L, 1.0 g/L and 2.0 g/L on the growth and lipid productivity of the microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata. Based on the result, it shows that, the microalgae growth increased as the concentration of phosphate added into the medium increased while the percentage of lipid produced was inversely proportional to increasing concentrations of phosphate. The highest amount of lipid produced was when the microalgae were cultured under 0.1 g/L phosphate which was 5.7%. Based on the standard analyzed using gas chromatography, the percentage of methyl palmitate methyl ester produced increased along with increasing concentration of phosphate until 0.5 g/L which was 11%, however further increase in phosphate concentration caused the lipid productivity to drop.
MICROCLEAR: GREEN TECHNOLOGY FOR TREATING AND RECYCLING OF COLOURED WASTEWATER
Authors: Ibrahim Zaharah , Yahya Adibah , Aris Azmi , Hakim Ifnu , Taib Mohd Ariff , Mohamed Najib Mohamed Afif , Abdul Hamid Abu Bakar , Umor Noor Azrimi , Mohd Said Suparman , Daud Zulkefli , Md Salleh Madihah , Shahir Shafinaz , Mohamad Shaza Eva , Siow Kuang Ang , Chin Hong Neoh 
Published: December 2015

The continuous growth and demand for our textiles and textile products have resulted in the generation of highly polluted and coloured wastewater emanating from the textile industries. These are detrimental to the environment and pose health threats to the human population if not properly treated. The treatment of colour is a great challenge over the last decades and until now, there is no single and economical treatment process. As effective treatment plant is generally expensive and unaffordable; a good alternative and timely solution is the utilisation of specialised group of microbes called Microclear. These microorganisms have the abilities to decolourise and transform coloured compounds into simpler and non-hazardous compounds without the use of chemicals. Intensive fundamental studies and also the application of the Microclear at the bench and pilot scale (sequential 1000 L and 2000 L) reactors to treat real wastewater were carried out. The microbes can also be applied directly into the existing treatment plant or ponding systems without the use of a commercial reactor. . Under the UTM-MTDC symbiosis program, Microclear Sdn. Bhd. was set up and work is in progress for large scale production of microbes to treat real textile wastewater in a demo plant of 150,000 L capacity located at the textile industry.
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between Parental Support and Children’s Physical Activity in the Early Years
Authors: Carson Valerie 
Published: December 2015

Background:The purpose of this study was to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between parental support and children’s physical activity outside of child care, and whether children’s age or sex moderated the associations.Methods:Results are based on 93 children aged 19 to 60 months at baseline from 8 child care centers across Alberta, Canada. Parental support (ie, transportation, coactivity, watching, encouragement, and informing) and children’s physical activity outside of child care were measured with a parental questionnaire at baseline (October/November 2013) and follow-up (May/June 2014).Results:Every additional unit increase in parental support was significantly associated with 48.5 minutes/week [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 29.3–67.6] and 52.2 (95% CI: 32.0–72.3) minutes/week higher parental reported children’s physical activity outside of child care at baseline and follow-up, respectively. A 1-unit increase in parental support from baseline to follow-up was significantly associated with a 24.8 (95% CI: 2.8–46.8) minutes/week increase in parental reported children’s physical activity outside of child care. Children’s age was a moderator at baseline only.Conclusions:Parental support was positively associated with children’s physical activity across all analyses. Parental support may be an important correlate to target in future interventions aiming to promote physical activity in the early years.
Maximal n-generated subdirect products
Authors: Berman Joel 
Published: December 2015

For [Formula: see text] a positive integer and [Formula: see text] a finite set of finite algebras, let [Formula: see text] denote the largest [Formula: see text]-generated subdirect product whose subdirect factors are algebras in [Formula: see text]. When [Formula: see text] is the set of all [Formula: see text]-generated subdirectly irreducible algebras in a locally finite variety [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is the free algebra [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] free generators for [Formula: see text]. For a finite algebra [Formula: see text] the algebra [Formula: see text] is the largest [Formula: see text]-generated subdirect power of [Formula: see text]. For every [Formula: see text] and finite [Formula: see text] we provide an upper bound on the cardinality of [Formula: see text]. This upper bound depends only on [Formula: see text] and these basic parameters: the cardinality of the automorphism group of [Formula: see text], the cardinalities of the subalgebras of [Formula: see text], and the cardinalities of the equivalence classes of certain equivalence relations arising from congruence relations of [Formula: see text]. Using this upper bound on [Formula: see text]-generated subdirect powers of [Formula: see text], as [Formula: see text] ranges over the [Formula: see text]-generated subdirectly irreducible algebras in [Formula: see text], we obtain an upper bound on [Formula: see text]. And if all the [Formula: see text]-generated subdirectly irreducible algebras in [Formula: see text] have congruence lattices that are chains, then we characterize in several ways those [Formula: see text] for which this upper bound is obtained.
INFLUENCE OF THE SUBSTRATE ON THE CRYSTALLINE PHASE AND MORPHOLOGY OF POLY (VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE) (PVDF) THIN FILM
Authors: ABDULLAH IBTISAM YAHYA , YAHAYA MUHAMMAD , JUMALI MOHAMMAD HAFIZUDDIN HJ , SHANSHOOL HAIDER MOHAMMED 
Published: December 2015

The effect of substrate on the crystalline phase and morphology of the poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) thin film has been investigated. The solution of PVDF/Hexamethyl phosphoramide (HMPA) was deposited on four different substrates, namely, silicon (Si), glass (SiO2), indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass and silver (Ag) coated glass respectively by using the spin coating technique. The crystalline structure was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. The morphology was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD demonstrated that the structure of PVDF thin films on each substrate is [Formula: see text]-phase with different orientations of the molecular chains. FTIR results confirmed XRD that the samples contain [Formula: see text]-phase. SEM shows spherulites structure, which is rough and porous, besides, the size of spherulites and the porosity are different for each sample. The size of spherulites is in average diameter range (1–6[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m) and this range is attributed to the [Formula: see text]-phase. The nucleation process of [Formula: see text]-phase on the various substrates attributed either to the match of polymer-substrate or to the electrostatic interaction. Among the substrates used, the ITO substrate exhibited a greater tendency for [Formula: see text]-phase formation.
The Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E)
Authors: Jensen M. P. , Petersen W. A. , Bansemer A. , Bharadwaj N. , Carey L. D. , Cecil D. J. , Collis S. M. , Del Genio A. D. , Dolan B. , Gerlach J. , Giangrande S. E. , Heymsfield A. , Heymsfield G. , Kollias P. , Lang T. J. , Nesbitt S. W. , Neumann A. , Poellot M. , Rutledge S. A. , Schwaller M. , Tokay A. , Williams C. R. , Wolff D. B. , Xie S. , Zipser E. J. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E), a field program jointly led by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, was conducted in south-central Oklahoma during April–May 2011. MC3E science objectives were motivated by the need to improve our understanding of midlatitude continental convective cloud system life cycles, microphysics, and GPM precipitation retrieval algorithms. To achieve these objectives, a multiscale surface- and aircraft-based in situ and remote sensing observing strategy was employed. A variety of cloud and precipitation events were sampled during MC3E, of which results from three deep convective events are highlighted. Vertical structure, air motions, precipitation drop size distributions, and ice properties were retrieved from multiwavelength radar, profiler, and aircraft observations for a mesoscale convective system (MCS) on 11 May. Aircraft observations for another MCS observed on 20 May were used to test agreement between observed radar reflectivities and those calculated with forward-modeled reflectivity and microwave brightness temperatures using in situ particle size distributions and ice water content. Multiplatform observations of a supercell that occurred on 23 May allowed for an integrated analysis of kinematic and microphysical interactions. A core updraft of 25 m s−1 supported growth of hail and large raindrops. Data collected during the MC3E campaign are being used in a number of current and ongoing research projects and are available through the ARM and NASA data archives.
On the Presence of Tropical Vortices over the Southeast Asian Sea–Maritime Continent Region
Authors: Dang-Quang Nguyen , Renwick James , McGregor James 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Reanalysis and observation data from 1979 to 2010 are used to study the climatological behavior of regional vortices over the Southeast Asian sea–Maritime Continent region (SEAMC). After eliminating tropical cyclones from the International Best Tracks Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS), significant numbers of vortices remained over the region. The results also show that the vortices, rather than being relatively stationary near the Borneo coast in the winter, were consistently present over the SEAMC throughout the year, migrating from the area of the coast of Vietnam, the Philippines, and the Southeast Asian sea in summer to the island of Borneo region in winter. These vortices can produce significant amounts of rainfall in Vietnam, especially in central coastal regions during the postsummer monsoon (autumn) period.
Extratropical Impacts of the Madden–Julian Oscillation over New Zealand from a Weather Regime Perspective
Authors: Fauchereau N. , Pohl B. , Lorrey A. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) signal in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropics during the austral summer (November–March) is investigated over the New Zealand (NZ) sector, using the paradigm of atmospheric weather regimes (WRs), following a classification initially established by Kidson. The MJO is first demonstrated to have significant impacts on daily rainfall anomalies in NZ. It is suggested that orographic effects arising from the interaction between regional atmospheric circulation anomalies and NZ’s topography can explain the spatially heterogeneous precipitation anomalies that are related to MJO activity. These local impacts and circulation anomalies are shown to be better understood as resulting from changes in the occupation statistics of regional WRs (the Kidson types) through the MJO life cycle, although both constructive and destructive effects are demonstrated. The hypothesis of a significant forcing of the MJO over the NZ sector is further supported by lagged composite analyses, which reveal timing characteristics of the delayed regional circulation response compatible with the average propagation speed of the MJO. While the southern annular mode (SAM) has been previously shown to be statistically related to the MJO and is known to be a significant driver of NZ’s climate, no evidence is found that the impact of the MJO over the NZ sector is mediated by the SAM. It is therefore suggested that the MJO directly impacts regional circulation and climate in the NZ region, potentially through extratropical Rossby wave response to tropical diabatic heating. These findings suggest a new potential for predictability for some aspects of NZ’s weather and climate deriving from the MJO beyond the meteorological time scales.
Climatic Impacts of Parameterized Local and Remote Tidal Mixing
Authors: Melet Angélique , Legg Sonya , Hallberg Robert 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Turbulent mixing driven by breaking internal tides plays a primary role in the meridional overturning and oceanic heat budget. Most current climate models explicitly parameterize only the local dissipation of internal tides at the generation sites, representing the remote dissipation of low-mode internal tides that propagate away through a uniform background diffusivity. In this study, a simple energetically consistent parameterization of the low-mode internal-tide dissipation is derived and implemented in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model with GOLD component (GFDL-ESM2G). The impact of remote and local internal-tide dissipation on the ocean state is examined using a series of simulations with the same total amount of energy input for mixing, but with different scalings of the vertical profile of dissipation with the stratification and with different idealized scenarios for the distribution of the low-mode internal-tide energy dissipation: uniformly over ocean basins, continental slopes, or continental shelves. In these idealized scenarios, the ocean state, including the meridional overturning circulation, ocean ventilation, main thermocline thickness, and ocean heat uptake, is particularly sensitive to the vertical distribution of mixing by breaking low-mode internal tides. Less sensitivity is found to the horizontal distribution of mixing, provided that distribution is in the open ocean. Mixing on coastal shelves only impacts the large-scale circulation and water mass properties where it modifies water masses originating on shelves. More complete descriptions of the distribution of the remote part of internal-tide-driven mixing, particularly in the vertical and relative to water mass formation regions, are therefore required to fully parameterize ocean turbulent mixing.
On the Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Intensification under Upper-Level Trough Forcing
Authors: Leroux Marie-Dominique , Plu Matthieu , Roux Frank 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This study is part of the efforts undertaken to resolve the “bad trough/good trough” issue for tropical cyclone (TC) intensity changes and to improve the prediction of these challenging events. Sensitivity experiments are run at 8-km resolution with vortex bogusing to extend the previous analysis of a real case of TC–trough interaction (Dora in 2007). The initial position and intensity of the TC are modified, leaving the trough unchanged to describe a realistic environment. Simulations are designed to analyze the sensitivity of TC prediction to both the variety of TC–trough configurations and the current uncertainty in model analysis of TC intensity and position.
Results show that TC intensification under upper-level forcing is greater for stronger vortices. The timing and geometry of the interaction between the two cyclonic potential vorticity anomalies associated with the cutoff low and the TC also play a major role in storm intensification. The intensification rate increases when the TC (initially located 12° northwest of the trough) is displaced 1° closer. By allowing a gradual deformation and equatorward tilting of the trough, both scenarios foster an extended “inflow channel” of cyclonic vorticity at midlevels toward the vortex inner core. Conversely, unfavorable interaction is found for vortices displaced 3° or 4° east or northeast. Variations in environmental forcing relative to the reference simulation illustrate that the relationship between intensity change and the 850–200-hPa wind shear is not systematic and that the 200-hPa divergence, 335–350-K mean potential vorticity, or 200-hPa relative eddy momentum fluxes may be better predictors of TC intensification during TC–trough interactions.
Resource sterilization: reserve replacement, financial risk, and environmental review in Canada's tar sands
Authors: Zalik Anna 
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Pivoting on the process of reserve replacement undertaken by key oil transnationals in Canada as a spatial fix for capital, the article considers how individual firms employ formal review processes to project their strategic interests. The proponent firm shapes, through its own participation, the regulatory terrain on which competitors will subsequently operate. In Alberta's tar sands, the oil industry's reserve replacement process serves as a spatial–temporal fix for capital, and the review process and tribunal acts as a complementary socio-ecological fix – restricting social/affective claims, including First Nations resistance, to an official tribunal setting. In seeking formal approval to replace declining oil and gas reserves with unconventionals, proponent firms claim investor security, while social movement opponents emphasize risk and insecurity arising from carbon-intensive, frontier extraction. In the case of the contested Shell Jackpine Mine Expansion Joint Review Panel, as in other environmental assessment processes in Alberta, the proponent firm and state representatives employ the oxymoronic term ‘resource sterilization’ to describe ecological protection. ‘Resource sterilization’ offers a discursive representation of how capital's spatio-temporal fix in unconventionals is facilitated through the terms of the formal review process, in which social claims are muted.
The productivity of the poor: The Wire and the expropriation of the common
Authors: Dale Daniel 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
David Simon’s The Wire (2002–2008) focuses on Baltimore, Maryland, an American city hollowed out by the globalized economy. Simon, drawing from Harvard sociologist William Julius Wilson, portrays a city where the economy has left behind blue collar workers who are trained for jobs that no longer exist. These workers, in Simon’s view, do not have a place in a post-industrial economy. This view is challenged when confronted with Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri’s conception of immaterial production. Under this economic model, the urban poor are responsible for creating an immaterial social product that is then expropriated by David Simon for The Wire.
Review
Authors: Corkin Stanley 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The Wire: Race, Class and Genre, Liam Kennedy and Stephen Shapiro (eds) (2012) Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 312 pp., ISBN: 9780472071784, h/bk, $75.00 US; ISBN: 9780472051786, p/bk, $30.95 US
The Wire: Urban Decay and American Television, Tiffany Potter and C. W. Marshall (eds) (2009) New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 264 pp., ISBN: 9780826438041, p/bk, $34.95 US
On The Wire, Linda Williams (2014) Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 280 pp., ISBN: 9780822357179, p/bk, $23.95 US