bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of Ag/TiO2 plasmonic photocatalyst supported on stainless steel webnet
Authors: Khani Mojtaba , Saidina Amin Nor Aishah , Zakaria Zaki Yamani , Alias Hajar , Hosseini Seyed Nezamedin 
Published: October 2017

Plasmonic nanostructures present substantial function in the advancement of modern materials science and technology. Plasmon-enhanced solar light is harvested to enhance the solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency. Both organic and inorganic semiconductor materials often serve as photocatalysts for the direct conversion of solar energy into fuels, owing to their superior stability, environmental compatibility and photocatalytic activity. However, semiconductor efficiency can be hindered by their inability to absorb visible light due to the vast band gap. More recently, a number of research has been performed to enhance photocatalyst and photovoltaic device efficiency by integrating plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) with semiconductor materials. The presence of plasmonic NPs causes greater semiconductor absorption cross sections due to robust field enhancement, light absorption at longer wavelengths and enhanced electron–hole charge separation in semiconductor media, thus maximizing the efficiency of photocatalytic devices. In this study, we have prepared a new visible-light-driven Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles plasmonic photocatalyst coated on webnet stainless steel by the dip-coating method to enhance the visible light plasmonic photocatalyst. FESEM, EDX and UV–vis spectra analyses were carried-out to characterize the prepared catalysts. According to these tests, the Ag/TiO2 coated on the stainless steel webnet functioned quite well. In addition, the maximum conversion of carbon dioxide was achieved at about 20%. This study may provide new insight into the design and preparation of advanced visible-light photocatalytic materials.
Anatomical data analysis and normal femur bone reconstruction for designing titanium alloys total hip joint femoral stem
Authors: Suhendra Nandang , Gustiono Dwi , Masmui Masmui , Nastia Gina 
Published: October 2017

The purpose of the work is to obtain size and geometry numerical data of femur bone for designing femoral stem of total hip joint arthroplasy to fit for Indonesian patient with normal hip joint structure. Geometry data of femur bone was taken by both X-ray and CT scan methods. The X-Ray anatomy digital objects were taken from different angles at certain intervals as input data to reconstruct anatomical objects. Slicing of femur bone imaging taken by CT scan has a constant interval. Data obtained from both CT scan and X-ray were compared. A solid model of bone is used as a visual-tactile representation, planning surgery (surgical) and simulation tool for physicians. In this work the data input was used for design of a total hip joint arthroplasty (THA) femoral stem. The work reported in this article is considered as a preliminary stage of the development of total hip joint arthroplasty devices for being fit to local (Indonesian) patients with hip joint disorders. The preliminary designs developed in this work is suit for many kind materials, however, for the implementation into manufacturing works, the use of Titanium Alloys need to consider for appropriate femoral stem designs by taking into account the available of tools and effectiveness of femoral stem production, made of the materials.
Immobilization of metalloporphyrin on functionalized SBA-15 nanoporous silica
Authors: Saadon Nurafiqah , Endud Salasiah , Bakar Mohd Bakri , Yazdi Mahsa Khoshkhooy 
Published: October 2017

SBA-15 nanoporous silica was prepared by cooperation assembly of tetraethylorthosilicate precursor in the presence of poly (ethylene glycol)–block- poly (propylene glycol)–block- poly (ethylene glycol) copolymer surfactant and functionalized with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) via sol-gel reaction to obtain APTES-SBA-15. Tetra-(p-chlorophenyl) porphyrin (TClPP) was synthesized using modified Alder- Longo method. Zinc was inserted into the TClPP using zinc acetate as a metal source The existance of zinc in porphyrin was confirmed by the appearance of Soret band and Q band in UV- vis spectra. ZnTClPP was also characterized using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy SBA-15 was modified with APTES to immobilize the metalloporphyrin on SBA-15 surface. The product (NH-SBA-15 ZnP) can be used as a heterogenous catalyst in various reactions. The formation of this material was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, XRD and BET adsorption.
Pre-clinical test of dental leucite glass-ceramics from local high grade silica sand: an in vitro study (cytotoxicity and genotoxicity)
Authors: Saiyed Mohd Nurddin Siti Mazatul Azwa , Selamat Malek 
Published: October 2017

The need for biocompatible of dental materials for use in restorative dentistry has generated a requirement for cytotoxicity and mutagenicity assays to screen compounds and characterize the potentially harmful effects of a material to oral tissues prior to clinical use. The objective of the study was to determine the degree of biocompatibility of leusite glass-ceramics that have been produced from local high grade silica sand in terms of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity assays. In the present study, the cyctotoxicity and mutagenicity were studied using the MTT and Ames Reverse Mutation. In the MTT assay, a dose response cytotoxicity of leucite sample was evaluated in L929 cells. The cells were treated with the concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.00, 100.00 and 200.00 mg/ml of the leucite sample for 24 hours. The cytotoxicity was determined by assessing the cell viability through the reduction of tetrazolium salts (MTT). The mutagenenicity of leucite sample was evaluated in S. typhirium TA98. TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and E. coli WP2 in the Ames Reverse Mutation assay. Mutagenic effects were evaluated by comparing the mean number of revertant colonies of each extract concentraction with mean number of revertant colonies of the negative control. In results of MTT assay evaluated that the leucite did not show a cytotoxic effect at all concentrations under the condition of the study. Ames Reverse Mutation assay result proven that the leucite sample did not demonstrate a mutagenic effect under the condition of this study with Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli.
Generalization of the graph of fuzzy topographic topological mapping
Authors: Sayed Mohamed , Ahmad Tahir 
Published: October 2017

In 1999, Tahir et. al. developed the Fuzzy Topographic Topological Mapping to determine the location of epileptic foci in epilepsy disorder patients. The model which consists of topological and fuzzy structure is composed into three mathematical algorithms. There are two FTTMs up to now, namely FTTM version 1 and FTTM version 2. FTTM version 1 is homeomorphic to FTTM version 2. The homeomorphism of FTTM can be presented using graphs. In this paper, we generalized the graph of FTTM. In other words, we will prove that, if there exist k versions of FTTM, the new elements will produce a graph of degree 8k3+8k-24.
The synthesis of cuprous oxide nanowires in the presence of oxygen using a hot tube thermal evaporation method
Authors: Khan Muhammad Arif , Sakrani Samsudi , Wahab Yussof , Suhaimi Syahida , Muhammad Rosnita 
Published: October 2017

Cuprous oxide nanowires have been synthesized by heating copper foil in the presence of oxygen rich environment using a hot tube vacuum thermal evaporation method. The effect of growth parameters such as growth time, temperature and oxidative environment on the morphology of the nanowires is investigated. The growth of cuprous oxide nanowires from copper foils thermally oxidized in the presence of oxygen rich at temperatures between 300 and 500 0C. The nanowires were formed within the temperature range of 400 – 500 0C with diameters and length between 25 - 100 nm and length 1 - 4 µm, respectively. This gave an estimate of aspect ratio around 40. Observation from FESEM results revealed the optimal growth of cuprous oxide nanowires which occurred at oxidation times for 1h, 1/2h and 25 minutes and flow rates of oxygen at 0.09 psi, 0.12 psi and 0.08 psi. The atom% of copper and oxygen were measured using EDX and their existence were later confirmed by XRD, essentially indicated by 40% an 60% of copper and oxygen contents, respectively.
Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of pure and formulated extracts of kesum (polygonum minus), bawang putih (allivium sativum), pegaga (centella asiatica), and ulam raja (cosmos caudatus)
Authors: Zakaria Nooraini , Baba Sayang , Ku Bahaudin Ku Nurul Aqmar , Hamdana Salehhuddin 
Published: October 2017

The use of herbs, spices, vegetables and medicinal plants have been traditionally utilize as the alternate medicinal to treat many of diseases by virtue of their antioxidant actions. Kesum, bawang putih, pegaga and ulam raja were extracted by using juice extractor without additional of solvent. The pure extracts were determined for moisture content and the pure and formulation extracts were analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging assay). The yield showed that kesum, bawang putih, pegaga and ulam raja extraction yield at 8.5%, 12%, 22.5% and 24% respectively. The results showed that, there was significant difference (P < 0.05) in total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between pure and formulation extracts. Formulated kesum and bawang putih (1:0:0:1) extract had the highest total phenolic content (1703.59 ± 11 GAE/100mg) followed by kesum pure extract (1388.19 ± 11 GAE/100mg) and bawang putih pure extract (1177.87 ± 138.82 GAE/100mg). No significant was noted and positive Pearson’s correlations between TPC and DPPH assay (r = 0.293) was observed for all plants extract. The statistical indicated that phenolic compounds were not the main contributor of antioxidant activity in plants. Further, there was no synergistic effect observed for pure and formulation extracts.
Vehicle routing problem with time constraints
Authors: Johar Farhana , Potts Chris , Bennell Julia 
Published: October 2017

This paper addresses the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with time constraints which been solved by several heuristic algorithms. The problem starting at the depot where the customer orders which associated with due date determined by customer, are released with different point of time. Ideally, to avoid any lateness in delivery process, the orders need to be delivered as soon as it released and available at the depot. However, this may increase the traveling cost because one vehicle needs to go and come back to depot for the other deliveries which this can be saved by batching the deliveries. Therefore, the study will focus on minimizing the tradeoff between traveling and tardiness costs. Literatures show that implementing the heuristic algorithms for solving various instances of VRPs manage to minimize the distribution cost within the reasonable computing times. An initial feasible solution was generated using a constructive heuristic. The solution then was improved by several metaheuristic algorithms were developed for solving the problem studied; Variable Neighborhood Search, Large Neighborhood Search and Tabu Search. To cater with the problem studied, a modification to the benchmark problems of Solomon has been done. The performance of the algorithms can be seen through the comparison of the solution obtained. The results showed that there is a significant saving in producing the least cost solution and manually constructed routes are very ineffective.
Amylase from bacillus thuringiensis isolated from tapioca waste: isolation, partial purification and characterization
Authors: Zusfahair Zusfahair , Ningsih Dian Riana , Kartika Dwi , Fatoni Amin 
Published: October 2017

Microorganism enzymes are the most widely used in industrial applications. Tapioca liquid waste could be a great source of amylase-producing bacteria. The aim of this research was to isolate the amylase-producing bacteria form the tapioca waste, to produce amylase and to purify the resulted amylase. The screening, identification, and the optimal production condition of the amylase‒producing bacteria were studied. The optimization of bacteria production growth phase and the amylase production time were investigated. The crude amylase was purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by SDS PAGE electrophoresis to identify the molecular weight and to purity of the amylase. The amylase activity assay used was based on the measuring of resulted reducing sugar by Somogyi-Nelson method. The result showed that the amylase producing bacteria was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis. The exponential phase of the bacteria growth for bacteria adaptation before production was 18 h and the optimal production time of amylase enzyme was 24 h. The highest specific activity of the purified amylase was fraction (FHD) 40% with specific activity of 37.56 ± 0.38U/mg. The SDS PAGE of FHD 40% profile showed two clear bands with molecular weight of 32 kDa and 35 kDa respectively
Tungsten-oxide modified silica-titania oxidative-acidic bifunctional catalyst for diol synthesis
Authors: Lee Siew Ling , Lim Swee Ean , Che Me Salasiah 
Published: October 2017

Oxidative-acidic bifunctional catalysts of tungsten oxide modified silica-titania,xW/TiO2-SiO2 (x=1, 5, 10 wt%) were successfully synthesized and characterized. Both XRD and UV-Vis analyses results indicated presence of WO3 phase in samples with higher dopant amount. It also revealed tetrahedral Ti and octahedral coordinated existed as the dominant species in the samples. FTIR analysis suggested formation of Si-O-W in the tungsten oxide modified samples. The catalytic performance of the samples was evaluated via consecutive transformation of 1-octene to 1,2-octanediol through the conversion of 1,2-epoxyoctane using aqueous H2O2 as oxidant. While TiO2-SiO2 and 1W/TiO2-SiO2 showed no catalytic activity in yielding diol, samples 5W/TiO2-SiO2 and 10W/TiO2-SiO2 exhibited bifunctional catalytic activity. It has been demonstrated that sample 10W/TiO2-SiO2 was the best oxidative-acidic bifuntional catalyst which produced 321 μmol 1,2-epoxyoctane and 51 μmol 1,2-octanediol after 24 h reaction.
A review of leakage current mechanism in nitride based light emitting diode
Authors: Hedzir Anati Syahirah , Muridan Norasmahan , Hasbullah Nurul Fadzlin 
Published: October 2017

We review the dominant mechanism and characteristics of it which gave rise to the existence of forward and reverse leakage current in nitride based light emitting diode (LED). LED is one of the promising device to be used as a lighting source because it does not contain mercury unlike fluorescent lamps. However, the existence of leakage current can affect the reliability and efficiency of LED. Hence, its importance to understand the mechanism that responsible for its existence. The occurrence of leakage current is divided into three main parameters: 1) low bias; 2) medium or high bias; 3) temperature dependence. In low reverse bias, Poole-Frenkel is the dominant mechanism while tunneling is the dominant mechanism in high bias region. Furthermore, in forward bias, defect assisted tunneling is most likely the dominant mechanism. In low forward bias, electrons are the dominant carriers in defect assisted tunneling while in medium forward bias, holes are the dominant carriers. Moreover, Variable Range Hopping (VRH) is reported to be dominant when the temperature of conduction is below 200K.
Imazalil sulphate pesticide degradation using silver loaded hollow anatase TiO2 under UV light irradiation
Authors: Baharvand Afrouz , Ali Rusmidah , Nur Hadi 
Published: October 2017

Silver loaded hollow anatase TiO2 particles with the location of silver are inside (Ag@TiO2) and outside (Ag/TiO2) the hollow TiO2 structure have been successfully synthesized by a deposition-precipitation and template methods. The effects of silver nanoparticles location on Ag@TiO2 andAg@TiO2 has been evaluated in the photodegradation efficiency of imazalil sulphate pesticide in aqueous suspension under ultraviolet irradiation. The Ag/TiO2 showed better photocatalytic performance for the degradation of imazalil sulphate, compared to Ag@TiO2 and hollow TiO2 microspheres. A higher photocatalytic activity of Ag/TiO2 compared to Ag@TiO2 and hollow TiO2 can be considered as an evidence of enhanced charge separation of Ag/TiO2 photocatalyst as confirmed by photoluminescence spectroscopy.
Influence of implantation nitrogen gas on electrical properties of magnetic CNT-Fe3% and CNT-Fe5% composite
Authors: Sunandar Mashadi , Purwanto Patricius 
Published: October 2017

The composite of CNT–Fe were made by mixing CNT and Fe powder with the variance of Fe starting from 3% and 5% weight. Then the sample is milling for 2 hours using High Energy Milling (HEM). The CNT-Fe Composite to be had done implantasion with nitrogen gas for 5 hour and 8 hour. The result of magnetic parameter of composite CNT-Fe3% and CNT-Fe5% with VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer) method shows that the remanent magnetic (Mr) and saturation magnetic (Ms) increased, and the coersive magnetic (Hc) decreased with the increasing of weight percent of Fe. The result of electrical properties of composite CNT-Fe3% and CNT-Fe5% using LCR instrument indicated that conductivities value of composite CNT-Fe3% and MWCNT-Fe5% are increased with the increasing of Fe weight. The surface morphology of composite CNT-Fe3% and CNT-Fe5% was done with TEM (Transmition Electron Microscopy) with the result that Fe was had into CNT.
Using weighted Markov SCGM(1,1)c model to forecast gold/oil ,DJIA/gold and USD/XAU ratios
Authors: Mostafaei Hamidreza , Kordnoori Shaghayegh , Kordnoori Shirin 
Published: October 2017

Grey model can be counted as a potent approximation for extracting system dynamic information with only small amount of data. A weighted Markov model is appropriate for predicting the stochastic fluctuating dynamic by a transition probability matrix and normalizing autocorrelation coefficient as weighted and a single gene system cloud grey SCGM(1,1)c model. It is applied to regulate the development trend of time series. In this paper we employed a weighted Markov SCGM(1,1)c model for predicting the Gold/Oil ,DJIA/Gold and USD/XAU ratios. By examining the forecasted results, it was concluded that the weighted Markov SCGM(1,1)c model is a reliable and effective modeling method.
A review on taxonomy of fuzzy graph
Authors: Hassan Nurfarhana , Ahmad Tahir 
Published: October 2017

Fuzzy graph is a graph that incorporates fuzziness. Fuzzy graph originated from the concept of Fuzzy Set and Graph. In this paper, taxonomy of fuzzy graph is reviewed. Several results on fuzzy graph are presented together with some examples. The fuzzy graph introduced by Yeh and Bang is proven to be a special case of Rosenfeld’s fuzzy graph. Two descriptions of isomorphic crisp graph are proven to be equivalent and every crisp isomorphism of two graphs is proven to be a fuzzy isomorphism. This paper provides an underlying knowledge on fuzzy graph which is an important foundation for further development and application of fuzzy graph.
Porosity effect on unsteady MHD free convection flow of Jeffrey fluid past an oscillating vertical plate with ramped wall temperature
Authors: Mohd Zin Nor Athirah , Mohamad Ahmad Qushairi , Khan Ilyas , Shafie Sharidan 
Published: October 2017

The unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection flow of Jeffrey fluid embedded in porous medium past an oscillating vertical plate generated by thermal radiation with ramped wall temperature is investigated. The incompressible fluid is taken electrically conducting under the action of transverse magnetic field towards the flow. Constitutive relation of Jeffrey fluid is employed to model the governing equations in terms of partial differential equations with some physical conditions. The transformed dimensionless governing equations are solved analytically using Laplace transform technique. The impact of various pertinent parameters namely material parameter of Jeffrey fluid , dimensionless parameter of Jeffrey fluid , phase angle , Hartmann number , permeability parameter , Grashof number , Prandtl number , radiation parameter and dimensionless time on velocity and temperature distributions are presented graphically and discussed in details. It is observed that, the permeability parameter tend to retard the fluid velocity for ramped wall temperature but enhance the velocity for an isothermal plate. Besides that, this study shows, the amplitude of velocity and temperature fields for ramped wall temperature are always lower than isothermal plate. A comparison with the existing published work is also provided to confirm the validity of the present results and an excellent agreement are found.
Global convergence analysis of a new hybrid conjugate gradient method for unconstrained optimization problems
Authors: Abdullahi Ibrahim , Ahmad Rohanin 
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we propose a new hybrid conjugate gradient method for unconstrained optimization problems. The proposed method comprises of beta (DY), beta (WHY), beta (RAMI) and beta (New). The beta (New) was constructed purposely for this proposed hybrid method.The method possesses sufficient descent property irrespective of the line search. Under Strong Wolfe-Powell line search, we proved that the method is globally convergent. Numerical experimentation shows the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method when compare with some hybrid as well as some modified conjugate gradient methods.
Slant tube characterization for the implementation of k0 - standardization in Nigerian reseach reactor-1
Authors: Abubakar Umar Aliyu , Sunday Jonah A , Sadiq Umar , Hamzah Khaidzir 
Published: October 2017

The result for large sample irradiation are continuously piping into the Center for Energy Research and Training (CERT), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Therefore, characterization of the irradiation channels that can accommodate large samples become a challenge. In the first series of trial for large samples irradiation through slant tube of NIRR-1 which is a miniature research reactor is necessary in order to compare with some standard values reported by the arena of researchers including nuclear regulatory bodies. The thermal to epithermal flux ratio (f), epithermal neutron flux distribution parameters (α) were determined using two slant tube channels of NIRR-1. The adopted methodology here is bared and cadmium covered monitor foils method. The vertical dipstick higher purity germanium detector (HPGE) was calibrated and used for the calculation. The f and α values were calculated as 111.8 and -0.04977 respectively. The good agreement between the certified and experimental values of the shaping factors was achieved.
Autocovariance and autocorrelation structures of the generalised autoregressive moving average (GARMA(1,3;δ,1)) model
Authors: Ellappan Suguneswary , Awang Norhashidah , Ramiah Pillai Thulasyammal 
Published: October 2017

Generalized ARMA (GARMA) model is a new class of model that has been introduced to reveal some unknown features of certain time series data. The objective of this paper is to derive the autocovariance and autocorrelation structure of GARMA(1,3;δ,1) model in order to study the behaviour of the model. It is shown that the results of this model can be reduced to the autocovariance and autocorrelation of the standard ARMA model as well as a special case. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the behaviour of the autocovariance and autocorrelation at different δ values to show the various structures that the model can represent