bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meox1 accelerates myocardial hypertrophic decompensation through Gata4
Authors: Lu Dan , Wang Jizheng , Li Jing , Guan Feifei , Zhang Xu , Dong Wei , Liu Ning , Gao Shan , Zhang Lianfeng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimsPathological hypertrophy is the result of gene network regulation, which ultimately leads to adverse cardiac remodelling and heart failure (HF) and is accompanied by the reactivation of a ‘foetal gene programme’. The Mesenchyme homeobox 1 (Meox1) gene is one of the foetal programme genes. Meox1 may play a role in embryonic development, but its regulation of pathological hypertrophy is not known. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of Meox1 on pathological hypertrophy, including familial and pressure overload-induced hypertrophy, and its potential mechanism of action.Methods and resultsMeox1 expression was markedly down-regulated in the wild-type adult mouse heart with age, and expression was up-regulated in heart tissues from familial dilated cardiomyopathy (FDCM) mice of the cTnTR141W strain, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHCM) mice of the cTnTR92Q strain, pressure overload-induced HF mice, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients. Echocardiography, histopathology, and hypertrophic molecular markers consistently demonstrated that Meox1 overexpression exacerbated the phenotypes in FHCM and in mice with thoracic aorta constriction (TAC), and that Meox1 knockdown improved the pathological changes. Gata4 was identified as a potential downstream target of Meox1 using digital gene expression (DGE) profiling, real-time PCR, and bioinformatics analysis. Promoter activity data and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and Gata4 knockdown analyses indicated that Meox1 acted via activation of Gata4 transcription.ConclusionMeox1 accelerated decompensation via the downstream target Gata4, at least in part directly. Meox1 and other foetal programme genes form a highly interconnected network, which offers multiple therapeutic entry points to dampen the aberrant expression of foetal genes and pathological hypertrophy.
Trends in Kindergarten Rates of Vaccine Exemption and State-Level Policy, 2011–2016
Authors: Omer Saad B , Porter Rachael M , Allen Kristen , Salmon Daniel A , Bednarczyk Robert A 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Kindergarten-entry vaccination requirements have played an important role in controlling vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States. Forty-eight states and the District of Colombia offer nonmedical exemptions to vaccines, ranging in stringency.

Methods
We analyzed state-level exemption data from 2011 to 2012 through 2015 to 2016 school years. States were categorized by exemption ease and type of exemption allowed. We calculated nonmedical exemption rates for each year in the sample and stratified by exemption ease, type, and 2 trend categories: 2011–12 through 2012–13 and 2013–14 through 2015–16 school years. Using generalized estimating equations, we created regression models estimating (1) the average annual change in nonmedical exemption rates and (2) relative differences in rates by state classification.

Results
The nonmedical exemption rate was higher during the 2013–2014 through 2015–2016 period (2.25%) compared to 2011–2012 through 2012–2013 (1.75%); more importantly, the average annual change in the latter period plateaued. The nonmedical exemption rate in states allowing philosophical and religious exemptions was 2.41 times as high as in states allowing only religious exemptions (incidence rate ratio = 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.71–3.41).

Conclusions
There was an increase in nonmedical exemption rates through the 2012–2013 school year; however, rates stabilized through the 2015–2016 school year, showing an important shift in trend.
Evidence-Based Evaluation of Practice and Innovation in Physical Therapy Using the IDEAL-Physio Framework
Authors: Beard David , Hamilton David , Davies Loretta , Cook Jonathan , Hirst Allison , McCulloch Peter , Paez Arsenio 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The IDEAL framework is an established method for initial and ongoing evaluations of innovation and practice for complex health care interventions. First derived for surgical sciences and embedded at a global level for evaluating surgery/surgical devices, the IDEAL framework is based on the principle that innovation and evaluation in clinical practice can, and should, evolve together in an ordered manner: from conception to development and then to validation by appropriate clinical studies and, finally, longer-term follow-up. This framework is highly suited to other complex, nonpharmacological interventions, such as physical therapist interventions. This perspective outlines the application of IDEAL to physical therapy in the new IDEAL-Physio framework. The IDEAL-Physio framework comprises 5 stages. In stage 1, the idea phase, formal data collection should begin. Stage 2a is the phase for iterative improvement and adjustment with thorough data recording. Stage 2b involves the onset of formal evaluation using systematically collected group or cohort data. Stage 3 is the phase for formal comparative assessment of treatment, usually involving randomized studies. Stage 4 involves long-term follow-up. The IDEAL-Physio framework is recommended as a method for guiding and evaluating both innovation and practice in physical therapy, with the overall goal of providing better evidence-based care.
Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Letrozole Versus Clomiphenecitrate in Subfertile Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Amer S. A. , Smith J. , Mahran A. , Fox P. , Fakis A. 
Published: November 2017

(Abstracted from Hum Reprod 2017;32:1631–1638)
For several decades, the standard first-line ovulation induction (OI) agent for women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been clomiphene citrate (CC). In a number of studies, this agent achieved ovulation rates of approximately 85% and pregnancy rates of 35% to 40%.
Medical Trainees’ Experiences of Treating People With Chronic Pain: A Lost Opportunity for Medical Education
Authors: Rice Kathleen , Ryu Jae Eun , Whitehead Cynthia , Katz Joel , Webster Fiona 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Evidence suggests that physicians’ opinions about patients with chronic pain become progressively negative over the course of medical training, leading to decline in empathy for these patients. Few qualitative studies have focused on this issue, and thus the experiences shaping this process remain unexplored. This study addressed how medical trainees learn about chronic pain management through informal and formal curricula.

Method
This study adopted a constructive qualitative approach informed by the theoretical lens of the hidden curriculum. Thirteen open-ended interviews were conducted with medical students and residents at various training stages; interviewees had experience treating patients with chronic pain, shadowing the care of these patients, or both. Interviews elicited information about stage of medical training, general descriptions of work, and concrete experiences of managing patients with chronic pain. All interviews were collected in Toronto between June and August 2015.

Results
Most interviewees described the management of chronic pain as challenging and unrewarding and attributed this at least in part to their perception that pain was subjective. Trainees also recounted that their inability to cure chronic pain left them confused about how to provide care, and voiced a perception that preceptors seemed to view these patients as having little educational value.

Conclusions
Specifically because chronic pain is subjective and incurable, listening and communication become crucial for patient care. Instead of sheltering trainees, medical educators should be offered the opportunity to reflect on the skills that are required to provide patient-centered care for this population. This approach has the potential to greatly benefit both trainees and patients.
Endocrine therapy in ovarian cancer: where do we stand?
Authors: Paleari Laura , DeCensi Andrea 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
Hormonal factors play a pivotal role in epithelial ovarian tumorigenesis and steroid receptor expression has been associated with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) response and survival in recent studies. However, the degree of activity of endocrine therapy overall and by specific agents remains unclear. The purpose of this work is to summarize the evidence provided by the recent literature on the effectiveness of endocrine treatment for advanced EOC.

Recent findings
The results of 53 trials of different endocrine therapies in EOC indicate a clinical benefit of 41% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34–0.48], with a trend for a higher benefit in those with estrogen receptor (ER) + and/or progesteron receptor (PgR) + tumors. Moreover, the odd ratio for death showed a reduced mortality with endocrine regimens (0.69, 95% CI, 0.50–0.97), with a propensity for a better outcome in first-line and low-grade tumors.

Summary
We suggest that ER and PgR have a predictive role and their inhibition by endocrine therapy may be a treatment option for EOC. Randomized clinical trials in the first-line treatment of advanced hormone receptor positive EOC are warranted given the potential cost effectiveness of this approach.
Open Cancellous Bone Grafting for Recalcitrant Palatal Fistula: Repurposing the Papineau Technique
Authors: Parwal Chirayu , Pandey Anurag , Saha Shiv S. , Kumar Vivek , Choudhary Lalit , Somani Nakul , Arneja Jugpal S. 
Published: November 2017

Summary:
Cleft palate fistula is defined as a breakdown in the primary surgical repair of the palate resulting in oronasal communication, which can create symptomatic regurgitation for fluids/solids and affect speech, manifested by airflow escape during phonation. With the reported postoperative occurrence rate of 33–37% postfistula repair, it remains a challenging problem. The primary aim of this study was to describe our experience in the management of 7 consecutive cases of recalcitrant palatal fistula, all secondary to primary cleft palate repair. Pure cancellous bone graft was harvested in a standard fashion in sufficient quantity based on size of fistula from the iliac crest and was morselized and was kept mixed with the patient’s blood. After flap turnover for nasal closure, the graft was packed over the raw surface on the oral aspect and was secured by placing an oxidized regenerated cellulose sheet fixed to the surrounding mucosa. As per the Papineau technique, no oral closure was performed. Six-month follow-up showed complete epithelization of the oral raw surface in 6 of the 7 patients. In the diverse spectra of cleft surgeries, management of recalcitrant cleft palate fistula remains a surgical challenge. Repurposing Papineau’s concept of open cancellous bone grafting in cleft palate fistula is a novel attempt with a sound scientific basis. In our experience, this technique has proved to be very effective in managing recalcitrant palatal fistulae.
Pediatric avulsion fractures of pelvis: current concepts
Authors: Ghanem Ismat B. , Rizkallah Maroun 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of reviewProvide the reader with an evidence-based update on the importance of accurate diagnosis of commonly missed avulsion fractures of pelvis apophyses, the necessary imaging studies, the feared complications and the recent treatment recommendations.Recent findingsAccurate diagnosis of avulsion fractures of pelvis apophyses is high yield as misdiagnosis leads to improper treatment. They should be differentiated from muscle strain and apophysitis. These fractures are usually associated with good outcomes; however, missed diagnosis can lead to further displacement, nonunion, functional limitation, femoroacetabular impingement and infection. A/P and frog lateral pelvis radiograph show the fracture and its displacement in the majority of cases. Conservative treatment, consisting of a short period of rest and immobilization followed by passive stretching then progressive resisted activity before return to sports, is recommended in minimally displaced avulsions. Surgical treatment is favored in displaced fractures (>15 mm), as it is associated with quicker return to sports.SummaryTreating physicians should keep a high index of suspicion in pediatric and adolescent patients presenting with typical clinical exam findings. Pelvic Anteroposterior and frog leg radiographs are often diagnostic. Missed diagnosis can aggravate the prognosis of a usually benign condition. Adequate medical or surgical treatment should then be administered.
Disparities in the Management of Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Hsu Jennifer Y. , Chen Ling , Gumer Arielle R. , Tergas Ana I. , Hou June Y. , Burke William M. , Ananth Cande V. , Hershman Dawn L. , Wright Jason D. 
Published: November 2017

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017;217:49.e1–49.e10)
Ectopic pregnancy is common in young women. Its incidence in the general population varies between 1% and 2%.
mRNA 3′ Uridylation and Poly(A) Tail Length Sculpt the Mammalian Maternal Transcriptome
Authors: Morgan Marcos , Much Christian , DiGiacomo Monica , Azzi Chiara , Ivanova Ivayla , Vitsios Dimitrios M. , Pistolic Jelena , Collier Paul , Moreira Pedro N. , Benes Vladimir , Enright Anton J. , O'Carroll Dónal 
Published: November 2017

(Abstracted from Nature 2017;548:347–351)
Gene expression in the early stages of zygotic development is characterized by a lack of transcription and is dependent on the maternally deposited transcriptome. The competence of the mature oocyte, upon ovulation, to support fertilization and development is largely defined by the maternal transcriptome.
Exploration of Predictive Biomarkers for Sudden Unexplained Cardiac Death in Nonelderly People
Authors: Kentaro Sakai , Kimiharu Iwadate , Sari Matsumoto , Shojiro Takasu , Yuko Kanto 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Sudden unexplained cardiac death (SUCD) can occasionally occur in nonelderly patients with epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, or no medical history. This study was conducted to aim to analyze whether values of the biomarkers for heart failure are associated with the SUCD. Serum concentrations of N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and tumor necrosis factor α were analyzed in 57 nonelderly patients with SUCD who was diagnosed at medicolegal autopsy. The subjects were divided into 3 subgroups according to the medical history: (1) epilepsy, (2) psychiatric disorders, and (3) no specific medical history. The results showed that serum hs-CRP levels were significantly high in patients with epilepsy (P = 0.01) or psychiatric disorders (P = 0.01) as compared with the controls. Also, significantly high concentrations of hs-CRP were observed in psychiatric patients with schizophrenia, compared with the controls (P = 0.003) or the other psychiatric diseases (P = 0.01). The level of N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide and tumor necrosis factor α did not show a significant difference between the SUCD and the controls. These results might suggest the association between high serum hs-CRP levels and the potential impairment of the cardiac function before the fatal event.
Application of Laparoscopic Gastrectomy in Obese Patients (BMI≥30 kg/m2) with Gastric Cancer: A Comparison With Open Gastrectomy Regarding Short-term Outcomes
Authors: Chen Ke , Pan Yu , Yu Wei-hua , Zheng Xue-yong , Zhu Ling-hua , Wang Xian-fa 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
Few studies have compared the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic (LG) and open (OG) gastrectomy in obese patients (BMI≥30 kg/m2) with gastric cancer. The current study aimed to investigate the short-term outcomes of LG in this group of patients.

Methods:
A total of 33 LG cases and 23 OG cases (BMI≥30 kg/m2) were identified from our gastric cancer database. Clinicopathologic features, operative details, laboratory examination, and postoperative outcomes were compared between both groups. Regression analysis was used to determine the effects of BMI on intraoperative outcomes.

Results:
The 2 groups had comparable clinicopathologic characteristics. LG was associated with significantly lesser blood loss, whereas both also groups had a similar operative time, and number of harvested lymph nodes. However, regression analysis indicated that increased BMI affected the operative time and blood loss in patients that underwent OG but had little effect on patients who received LG. The elevation of inflammatory factors (WBC, CRP) was lower in LG than in OG, postoperatively. Postoperative hepatic (alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, albumin) and renal (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen) functions in the LG group were not worse than in the OG group. The time to first flatus, initiation of diet, hospitalization, and postoperative complications seemed superior in LG than in OG, but these differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
LG can be safely performed in obese gastric cancer patients. Compared with conventional OG, LG is less invasive and is characterized by less blood loss and milder surgical trauma. LG is also less adversely affected by increased BMI.
3D label-free imaging and analysis of Pinus pollen grains using optical diffraction tomography
Authors: Kim Geon , Lee SangYun , Shin Seungwoo , Park YongKeun 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe structure of pollen grains is related to the reproductive function of the plants. Here, three-dimensional (3D) refractive index maps were obtained for individual conifer pollen grains using optical diffraction tomography (ODT).The 3D morphological features of pollen grains from pine trees were investigated using measured refractive index maps, in which distinct substructures were clearly distinguished and analyzed.Morphological and physiochemical parameters of the pollen grains were quantified from the obtained refractive index (RI) maps and used to quantitatively study the interspecific differences of pollen grains from different strains.Our results demonstrate that ODT can assess the structure of pollen grains. This label-free and rapid 3D imaging approach may provide a new platform for understanding the physiology of pollen grains.
Modeling Enhancer-Promoter Interactions with Attention-Based Neural Networks
Authors: Mao Weiguang , Kostka Dennis , Chikina Maria 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundGene regulatory sequences play critical roles in ensuring tightly controlled RNA expression patterns that are essential in a large variety of biological processes. Specifically, enhancer sequences drive expression of their target genes, and the availability of genome-wide maps of enhancer-promoter interactions has opened up the possibility to use machine learning approaches to extract and interpret features that define these interactions in different biological contexts.MethodsInspired by machine translation models we develop an attention-based neural network model, EPIANN, to predict enhancer-promoter interactions based on DNA sequences. Codes and data are available at https://github.com/wgmao/EPIANN.ResultsOur approach accurately predicts enhancer-promoter interactions across six cell lines. In addition, our method generates pairwise attention scores at the sequence level, which specify how short regions in the enhancer and promoter pair-up to drive the interaction prediction. This allows us to identify over-represented transcription factors (TF) binding sites and TF-pair interactions in the context of enhancer function.
Corporate culture and ethics: from words to actions
Authors: Enciso Sarah , Milikin Carlson , O’Rourke James Scofield 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Business organizations should strive to create ethical cultures to win consumer loyalty and thus safeguard long-term performance success. Management bears ultimate responsibility for promoting ethical behavior. By rewarding ethical behaviors and punishing transgressions, management will reinforce morally upright behavior and create a positive company culture. Successful promotion of corporate ethics, in turn, will boost employee morale, increase performance beyond bare minimums and retain employees in the long run. With a well-structured ethics code and strong reward system, management has all the tools necessary to create an ethical company culture.

Design/methodology/approach
This viewpoint paper, while advocating for a systematic approach to ethical behavior in a business organization, carefully reviews both well-established literature in this area as well as current best practices. The aim is to provide senior managers with a sense of how the best corporate ethics programs are organized and structured.

Findings
A successful corporate ethics program must involve all employees from executives to hourly wage workers, with each taking personal responsibility for his or her own performance and results. While no guarantees of success are offered, one reasonably certain path to failure is for an organization to post an ethics code and then ignore it. Ethics must be discussed, modified from time to time and actively integrated into the life of every organization that hopes to avoid ethical missteps.

Originality/value
This paper offers a fresh viewpoint on both the value and the organization of a potentially successful corporate ethics program. While time-honored ideas serve as the foundation for our discussion, a thorough review of current issues and best practices form the directional heading for the paper’s conclusions.
Return on investment in healthcare leadership development programs
Authors: Jeyaraman Maya M. , Qadar Sheikh Muhammad Zeeshan , Wierzbowski Aleksandra , Farshidfar Farnaz , Lys Justin , Dickson Graham , Grimes Kelly , Phillips Leah A. , Mitchell Jonathan I. , Van Aerde John , Johnson Dave , Krupka Frank , Zarychanski Ryan , Abou-Setta Ahmed M. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Strong leadership has been shown to foster change, including loyalty, improved performance and decreased error rates, but there is a dearth of evidence on effectiveness of leadership development programs. To ensure a return on the huge investments made, evidence-based approaches are needed to assess the impact of leadership on health-care establishments. As a part of a pan-Canadian initiative to design an effective evaluative instrument, the purpose of this paper was to identify and summarize evidence on health-care outcomes/return on investment (ROI) indicators and metrics associated with leadership quality, leadership development programs and existing evaluative instruments.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors performed a scoping review using the Arksey and O’Malley framework, searching eight databases from 2006 through June 2016.

Findings
Of 11,868 citations screened, the authors included 223 studies reporting on health-care outcomes/ROI indicators and metrics associated with leadership quality (73 studies), leadership development programs (138 studies) and existing evaluative instruments (12 studies). The extracted ROI indicators and metrics have been summarized in detail.

Originality/value
This review provides a snapshot in time of the current evidence on ROI indicators and metrics associated with leadership. Summarized ROI indicators and metrics can be used to design an effective evaluative instrument to assess the impact of leadership on health-care organizations.