bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Questioning the microbial origin of automicrite in Ordovician calathid–demosponge carbonate mounds
Authors: Shen Yuefeng , Neuweiler Fritz 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCalathid–demosponge carbonate mounds are a feature of Early to Middle Ordovician shallow‐marine carbonate depositional environments of tropical to subtropical palaeolatitudes. These mounds contain an important amount of autochthonous non‐skeletal microcrystalline calcium‐carbonate (automicrite) conventionally considered microbial in origin. Here, the automicrite of calathid–demosponge carbonate mounds (Tarim Basin, north‐west China) is broken down into five distinct fabrics: an in situ peloidal–spiculiferous fabric (AM‐1), an in situ peloidal fabric (AM‐2), an aphanitic–microtubular fabric (AM‐3), a minipeloidal fabric (AM‐4) and a laminoid–cerebroid fabric (AM‐5). Type AM‐1 occurs with AM‐2 being succeeded by an assemblage of AM‐3 and AM‐4. Types AM‐4 and AM‐5 are separated by an erosional disconformity. A good correlation of fluorescence and cathodoluminescence of automicrites indicates that induced and supported organomineralization produced automicrite, probably via the permineralization of non‐living organic substrates adsorbing dissolved metal–humate complexes. Using a spreadsheet with six parameters and 17 characters, AM‐1 to AM‐4 turn out to be non‐microbial in origin. Instead, these automicrites represent relics of calcified metazoan tissues, such as siliceous sponges, non‐spiculate sponges or the basal attachment structures of stalked invertebrates. Fabric AM‐5 is a microbial carbonate but is post‐mound in origin forming a drape within a reefal framework established by AM‐4. The five automicritic fabrics, individually or as an assemblage, are a common element of Ordovician calathid–demosponge carbonate mounds in general. The reassessment of the origins of these automicritic fabrics holds consequences for understanding of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event in terms of community structure, reef ecology and reef evolution. Episodically, these fabrics are also present in other carbonate build‐ups stretching from the Neoproterozoic over the entire Phanerozoic Eon. The massive calcification of metazoan soft tissue (AM‐1 to AM‐4) characterizes episodes and conditions of enhanced marine calcification and might be of value to refine secular trends of pCO2, Ca concentration and Mg/Ca ratio at the scale of individual sedimentary basins.
Safety of acoustic separation in plastic devices for extracorporeal blood processing
Authors: Savage William J. , Burns John R. , Fiering Jason 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUNDAcoustic cell separation uses ultrasound waves to separate cells from plasma to perform plasmapheresis. Although the fundamental process has been studied for decades, no acoustic cell separation has been studied in a disposable plastic format suitable for clinical applications.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe developed a disposable, rectangular, polystyrene microchannel acoustic cell‐separation system and applied acoustic energy relevant for plasmapheresis. Fresh blood from healthy volunteers was exposed in vitro to acoustic energy in an open microfluidic circuit with and without ultrasound applied. Blood was tested for perturbations in red blood cells, platelets, and coagulation using clinical assays.RESULTSRed blood cell and platelet size parameters as well as coagulation activation all were within 3% of baseline values. P‐selectin expression on platelets increased by an average of 10.9% relative to baseline. Hemolysis increased with flow through the microfluidic channel, but percentage hemolysis remained below 0.3%.CONCLUSIONBlood parameters in a single‐pass, microfluidic acoustic cell‐separation apparatus remained within normal limits. In vivo animal studies that model continuous separation in a physiologic environment are warranted.
What weighs more—low compliance with self‐deferral or minor medical procedures? Explaining the high rate of hepatitis C virus window‐period donations in Poland
Authors: Czerwinski Michal , Grabarczyk Piotr , Stepien Malgorzata , Kubicka‐Russel Dorota , Tkaczuk Katarzyna , Brojer Ewa , Rosinska Magdalena 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUNDSince the introduction of nucleic acid testing (NAT) for routine blood donor screening, hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA‐only detection rates reported from Poland have been higher than in most other European countries.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTo examine factors that likely contribute to these window‐period donations, we conducted a case‐control study among 47 recently HCV‐infected blood donors (cases), who gave blood between July 2002 and June 2014, and 141 controls matched by age, sex, and donation dates. Firth‐corrected, conditional logistic regression models were fitted to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Adjusted population‐attributable fractions were calculated based on the distribution of exposure among the cases.RESULTSOn multivariate analysis, recent exposures in health care environments not routinely ascertained through predonation questionnaires were strongly associated with recently acquired HCV infection. These exposures included minor medical and dental procedures in the preceding 6 months (adjusted odds ratio, 5.77; 95 % confidence interval, 2.01‐18.53). However, based on the population‐attributable fraction, more important were behavioral deferrable risks that went unreported at the time of donation, such as high‐risk sexual behaviors in the preceding 6 months (population‐attributable fraction, 34%) or lifetime histories of drug use (population‐attributable fraction, 28%).CONCLUSIONSThis study raises questions about the effectiveness of deferral policy in excluding high‐risk individuals. In addition, it provides further evidence supporting short, temporal deferrals for small medical procedures and dental treatments in Poland.
An elementary construction of monomial bases of modified quantum affine gln
Authors: Lai Chun‐Ju , Luo Li 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn 1990 Beilinson, Lusztig and MacPherson provided a geometric realization of modified quantum and its canonical basis. A key step of their work is a construction of a monomial basis. Recently, Du and Fu provided an algebraic construction of the canonical basis for modified quantum affine , which among other results used an earlier construction of monomial bases using Ringel–Hall algebra of the cyclic quiver. In this paper, we give an elementary algebraic construction of a monomial basis for affine Schur algebras and modified quantum affine .
On a dynamical Mordell–Lang conjecture for coherent sheaves
Authors: Bell Jason P. , Satriano Matthew , Sierra Susan J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe introduce a dynamical Mordell–Lang‐type conjecture for coherent sheaves. When the sheaves are structure sheaves of closed subschemes, our conjecture becomes a statement about unlikely intersections. We prove an analogue of this conjecture for affinoid spaces, which we then use to prove our conjecture in the case of surfaces. These results rely on a module‐theoretic variant of Strassman's theorem that we prove in the appendix.
Cost of elective percutaneous coronary intervention in Malaysia: a multicentre cross-sectional costing study
Authors: Lee Kun Yun , Ong Tiong Kiam , Low Ee Vien , Liow Siow Yen , Anchah Lawrence , Hamzah Syuhada , Liew Houng Bang , Ali Rosli Mohd , Ismail Omar , Ahmad Wan Azman Wan , Said Mas Ayu , Dahlui Maznah 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesLimitations in the quality and access of cost data from low-income and middle-income countries constrain the implementation of economic evaluations. With the increasing prevalence of coronary artery disease in Malaysia, cost information is vital for cardiac service expansion. We aim to calculate the hospitalisation cost of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), using a data collection method customised to local setting of limited data availability.DesignThis is a cross-sectional costing study from the perspective of healthcare providers, using top-down approach, from January to June 2014. Cost items under each unit of analysis involved in the provision of PCI service were identified, valuated and calculated to produce unit cost estimates.SettingFive public cardiac centres participated. All the centres provide full-fledged cardiology services. They are also the tertiary referral centres of their respective regions.ParticipantsThe cost was calculated for elective PCI procedure in each centre. PCI conducted for urgent/emergent indication or for patients with shock and haemodynamic instability were excluded.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcome measures of interest were the unit costs at the two units of analysis, namely cardiac ward admission and cardiac catheterisation utilisation, which made up the total hospitalisation cost.ResultsThe average hospitalisation cost ranged between RM11 471 (US$3186) and RM14 465 (US$4018). PCI consumables were the dominant cost item at all centres. The centre with daycare establishment recorded the lowest admission cost and total hospitalisation cost.ConclusionsComprehensive results from all centres enable comparison at the levels of cost items, unit of analysis and total costs. This generates important information on cost variations between centres, thus providing valuable guidance for service planning. Alternative procurement practices for PCI consumables may deliver cost reduction. For countries with limited data availability, costing method tailored based on country setting can be used for the purpose of economic evaluations.RegistrationMalaysian MOH Medical Research and Ethics Committee (ID: NMRR-13-1403-18234 IIR).
Harmonic manifolds and embedded surfaces arising from a super regular tesselation
Authors: Brumfiel G. , Hilden H. , Lozano M. T. , Montesinos J. M. , Ramirez E. , Short H. , Tejada D. , Toro M. 
Published: May 2017

The main result of this paper is the construction of two Hyperbolic manifolds, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], with several remarkable properties: (1) Every closed orientable [Formula: see text]-manifold is homeomorphic to the quotient space of the action of a group of order [Formula: see text] on some covering space of [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. (2) [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are tesselated by 16 dodecahedra such that the pentagonal faces of the dodecahedra fit together in a certain way. (3) There are 12 closed non-orientable hyperbolic surfaces of Euler characteristic [Formula: see text] each of which is tesselated by regular right angled pentagons and embedded in [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. The union of the pentagonal faces of the tesselating dodecahedra equals the union of the 12 images of the embedded surfaces of Euler characteristic [Formula: see text].
Aphelenchoides eldaricus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) isolated from Pinus eldarica in western Iran
Authors: Esmaeili Mehrab , Heydari Ramin , Golhasan Behrouz , Kanzaki Natsumi 
Published: May 2017

Aphelenchoides eldaricusn. sp. is described and illustrated from wood and bark samples of a dead Mondell pine in Kermanshah Province, western Iran. The new species has a body length of 597 (507-700) μm (females) and 662 (636-695) μm (males). The cuticle is weakly annulated with three lateral lines and the lip region is offset. The stylet is 9.6 (9-10) μm long with small basal swellings and the excretory pore is locatedcaone body diam. posterior to the metacorpus valve. The spicules are large with the dorsal limb 40 (38-42) μm long with a prominent rostrum and rounded apex. The female tail is conical, tapering gradually to an acute terminus with a simple ventral mucron. The male tail bears six (2 + 2 + 2) caudal papillae and a well-developed mucron. The new species belongs to the Group 2 category ofAphelenchoidesspecies and is close to four known species, namelyA. cibolensis,A. indicus,A. rutgersiandA. sacchari. Molecular analyses of the partial 18S and the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene confirmed its morphological status as a new species.
Ostroh Book Culture in the Context of the Life and Work of Prince Vasyl’-Kostiantyn Ostrozʹkyi: An Appraisal of a Paradigm – Острожская книжность в контексте жизнедеятельности князя Василия-Константина Острожского
Authors: Ульяновский Василий 
Published: May 2017

The article examines the role of Prince Vasyl’-Kostiantyn Ostrozʹkyi (Vasilii-Konstantin of Ostroh) as a sponsor of Ivan Fedorov and a patron of printing in the context of his other activities as a magnate. Prince Vasyl’-Kostiantyn Ostrozʹkyi actively supported book culture and sought to gather at his court in Ostroh intellectuals and artisans, including Ivan Fedorov. The fact that this otherwise frugal magnate spent considerable financial resources on these endeavors indicates that they were of particular importance to him. The prince’s library, which included printed and manuscript books, reveals his appreciation of book culture and his aspiration to transform his residence in Ostroh into a center of Ruthenian Orthodox culture. The peak of the prince’s publishing activities was in the period 1576–1580, when a complete version of the Bible was under preparation, a project that would be the focus of his literary and publishing work. The second important project that Prince Vasyl’-Kostiantyn Ostrozʹkyi undertook was educational – spreading a “pure form” of Christianity, untinged by erroneous teachings or superstitions. Despite these lofty goals, these publishing and educational objectives competed with other pressing challenges that Vasyl’-Kostiantyn Ostrozʹkyi faced as a magnate. His main priorities were the augmentation of wealth and lands under his rule, the growth and improvement of government administration, strengthening his military, and enhancing his political power, which served to increase the influence and prestige of his clan. Those more traditional, practical considerations enabled Vasyl’-Kostiantyn Ostrozʹkyi to make significant financial, political, and personal investments into book culture and publishing, including the famed Ostroh Bible printed by Ivan Fedorov.
Two Books from the Library of A.M. Kurbskii – Две книги из библиотеки князя А.М. Курбского
Authors: Ерусалимский К.Ю. 
Published: May 2017

This paper examines references to Prince A.M. Kurbskii’s two books, a work by St. Basil the Great and an Apostol (Acts and Epistles), in the documentation of the legal courts in Volyn for 1575. These documents shed light on Kurbskii’s creative plans, correspondence and the circle of people with whom he interacted in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This article treats the question of how the Apostol could find its way into Kurbskii’s private library.
The Patronage of Early Printing in Moscow
Authors: Bogatyrev Sergei 
Published: May 2017

This paper re-examines the view that printing and the distribution of printed books in Muscovy was a state monopoly. Like in many other pre-modern societies, the crown and the church were major patrons of printing. And, like in other patronage systems, there was no single approach to the press in Moscow. Ivan IV was interested in printing as a tool for enhancing prestige and securing salvation. The approaches of Orthodox hierarchs ranged from Metropolitan Makarii’s pragmatic aims to supply churches with liturgical books to reflective editing and the compilation of discursive colophons under Metropolitan Afanasii. Due to the declining quality of their printed output, Ivan Fedorov and Petr Mstislavets lost Afanasii’s patronage. The centralized pattern of patronage precluded them from finding alternative sources of printing jobs in Muscovy. It was not political persecutions or cultural prejudices against printing, but the centralization of printing in Muscovy that caused the printers to leave for Poland-Lithuania. In attempting to secure orders and find new patrons at the new location, Ivan Fedorov sought to utilize the model of patronage that he learned in Moscow.
Mental health clinicians’ beliefs about the causes of psychosis: Differences between professions and relationship to treatment preferences
Authors: Carter Lucy , Read John , Pyle Melissa , Law Heather , Morrison Anthony P 
Published: May 2017

Background: Previous evidence suggests that how an individual conceptualises the cause of a health problem can impact on subsequent perceptions and behaviour. Aims: This study explored the beliefs about the causes of psychosis in a group of mental health professionals. The study also sought to examine the relationship between causal beliefs and the perceived helpfulness of different treatments. Methods: A total of 219 clinicians completed a questionnaire about the provision of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and antipsychotic medication for their clients who were experiencing psychosis and their opinions about the helpfulness of these treatments. Causal beliefs were also assessed. Results and conclusions: Clients were twice as likely to be offered medication compared to CBT. Clinicians held a multifactorial model of aetiology, but were more likely to endorse psychosocial causes than biological factors. Clinicians with psychosocial beliefs were more likely to rate CBT as effective, whereas those with biological models were more likely to endorse the helpfulness of medication. Clinicians adopt a multi-causal approach when conceptualising the aetiology of psychosis and these beliefs were related to opinions about the helpfulness of treatment. Beliefs about the aetiology of their client’s experiences could blind clinicians to the benefits of offering different approaches.
A retrospective cohort analysis of percutaneous versus side-graft perfusion techniques for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock
Authors: Cakici Mehmet , Ozcinar Evren , Baran Cagdas , Bermede Ahmet Onat , Sarıcaoglu Mehmet Cahit , Inan Mustafa Bahadır , Durdu Mustafa Serkan , Aral Atilla , Sirlak Mustafa , Akar Ahmet Ruchan 
Published: May 2017

Objectives: This study was designed to compare vascular complications and the outcomes of ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous cannulation with distal perfusion catheter (PC-DP) and arterial side-graft perfusion (SGP) techniques in patients who require veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support for refractory cardiogenic shock (RCS). Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study of consequtive patients with RCS treated with VA-ECMO at a single transplant center from March 2010 until August 2015. Overall, 148 patients underwent VA-ECMO for RCS (99 men, aged 56.6 ± 12.0 years; BSA, 1.85 ± 0.19). Patients were categorized based on VA-ECMO perfusion technique into PC-DP via femoral artery and SGP via axillary/femoral artery groups. Results: The median duration of VA-ECMO support was 5 days (range, 8 hours–80 days). Hospital mortality (PC-DP group, 54.7%; SGP group, 64.4%; p=0.23) and overall ECMO survival (PC-DP group, 36.9%; SGP group, 32.2%; p=0.47) was similar between the groups. There were no significant between-group differences in the rate of acute limb ischemia (PC-DP group, 4/75, 5.3%; SGP group, 2/73, 2.7%; p=0.68). However, the rate of surgical/cannulation site bleeding (PC-DP, 9/75 (12%) vs SGP, 18/73 (24.7%), p=0.05) and hyperperfusion syndrome (PC-DP, 2/75 (2.7%) vs SGP, 22/73 (30.1%),p=0.001) were higher in the SGP group than in the PC-DP group. Conclusions: We observed no significant difference in major vascular complications or survival between patients who underwent the PC-DP technique and those who underwent arterial SGP.
The ambiguity of altruism in nursing: A qualitative study
Authors: Slettmyr Anna , Schandl Anna , Arman Maria 
Published: May 2017

Background: For a long time, altruism was the basis for caring. Today, when society is more individualized, it is of interest to explore the meaning of altruism in nursing. Methods: In all, 13 nurses from a Swedish acute care setting participated in two focus group interviews performed as Socratic dialogues. Data were analyzed using a phenomenological hermeneutical method. Ethical considerations: Ethical issues were considered throughout the process according to established ethical principles. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, confidentiality regarding the data was guaranteed and quotations anonymized. Findings: Altruism created a sense of ambivalence and ambiguity, described as a rise of sovereign expressions of life caused by “the other’s” need, but also unwillingness to take unconditional responsibility for “the other.” Conclusion: Society’s expectations of altruism and nurses’ perception of their work as a salaried job collide in modern healthcare. Nurses are not willing to fully respond to the ethical demand of the patients. In case of a disaster, when nurses personal safety, life and health may be at risk, there might be reasons to question whether the healthcare organization would be able to fulfill its obligations of providing healthcare to an entire population.
In vitro evaluation of a new iterative reconstruction algorithm for dose reduction in coronary artery calcium scoring
Authors: Gassenmaier Tobias , Allmendinger Thomas , Kunz Andreas S , Veyhl-Wichmann Maike , Ergün Süleyman , Bley Thorsten A , Petritsch Bernhard 
Published: May 2017

Background Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is a widespread tool for cardiac risk assessment in asymptomatic patients and accompanying possible adverse effects, i.e. radiation exposure, should be as low as reasonably achievable. Purpose To evaluate a new iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithm for dose reduction of in vitro coronary artery calcium scoring at different tube currents. Material and Methods An anthropomorphic calcium scoring phantom was scanned in different configurations simulating slim, average-sized, and large patients. A standard calcium scoring protocol was performed on a third-generation dual-source CT at 120 kVp tube voltage. Reference tube current was 80 mAs as standard and stepwise reduced to 60, 40, 20, and 10 mAs. Images were reconstructed with weighted filtered back projection (wFBP) and a new version of an established IR kernel at different strength levels. Calcifications were quantified calculating Agatston and volume scores. Subjective image quality was visualized with scans of an ex vivo human heart. Results In general, Agatston and volume scores remained relatively stable between 80 and 40 mAs and increased at lower tube currents, particularly in the medium and large phantom. IR reduced this effect, as both Agatston and volume scores decreased with increasing levels of IR compared to wFBP ( P < 0.001). Depending on selected parameters, radiation dose could be lowered by up to 86% in the large size phantom when selecting a reference tube current of 10 mAs with resulting Agatston levels close to the reference settings. Conclusion New iterative reconstruction kernels may allow for reduction in tube current for established Agatston scoring protocols and consequently for substantial reduction in radiation exposure.
Oxidation Number Estimation of Ca in Ca-N Compounds from Ca K-edge XANES Spectra
Authors: Abe Hitoshi , Niwa Yasuhiro , Kitano Masaaki , Inoue Yasunori , Yokoyama Toshiharu , Hara Michikazu , Hosono Hideo 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
XANES spectra were measured on Ca K-edge for Ca2N, Ca3N2, Ca2NH, CaNH, and Ca(NH2)2. Ca2N and Ca3N2 show the lowest edge positions, while Ca(NH2)2 the highest. The relationship between the edge positions and electron biasing around Ca in the compounds is discussed and the oxidation numbers are estimated.