bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSV-21 Effects of supplementation programs for cow-calf operations during the dry grazing period under tropical conditions
Authors: Domingues Edmilson , Giacomelli Hiam , Griss Luiz , Alves Gustavo , Pereira Lucca , Casagrande Daniel R , Gionbelli Mateus P , Bernardes Thiago 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The potential for increasing the productivity in cow-calf operation has gained wide acceptance in the last decade among Brazilian farms. Our objectives were to assess the impacts of providing supplementation to pregnant beef cows during the dry grazing period on cow and calf performance. During a 2-yr period, Tabapuã cows (n = 36) were blocked by parity and body weight (BW), and randomly assigned to pastures at the beginning of the rainy season. Brachiaria pastures were assigned to receive i) no application of N and cows were supplemented with mineral mix (CON), ii) application of 165 kg of Nּ ha-1ּ yr-1 and cows supplemented with a commercial product containing 40% of CP, macro and micro minerals, and vitamins (SUP), or iii) application of 165 kg of Nּ ha-1ּ yr-1 and cows supplemented with grass silage (GS). For SUP system, one-half of the paddocks were deferred in late summer. For GS system, one-half of the paddocks were deferred in early summer and silage was made after 90 d of regrowth. During silage making, 21% of DDGs on a dry matter (DM) basis was mixed into grass. After silage harvesting, the area was differed again. At the beginning of the dry period, deferred areas had free access to animals for SUP and GS treatments. The commercial supplement and silage were fed for 140 d (from 116 ± 27 to 256 ± 27 d of gestation). The mineral mix was offered all year round. The PROC MIXED procedure of SAS was used to analyze all variables. The statistical model included supplementation program as a fixed effect. Block, paddock, and year were included as random variables. Initial BW, initial body condition score (BCS), and gestation period of cows were included as covariates. Initial BW and BCS, and final BW and BCS did not differ among treatments. The GS treatment provided the greatest average daily gain (ADG) during prepartum (0.49 kg/d) than CON and SUP strategies (an average of 0.37 kg/d). Whereas ADG during postpartum was not altered by treatments. Considering the full cycle (prepartum and postpartum), supplementation strategies did not affect ADG and BCS. No differences were obtained for birth weight, weaning weight, and ADG in calves. Overall, the supplementation programs adopted in this study did not influence individual gains in both cow and calf. However, BW gain per area may be altered, since supplementation increases stocking rate.
PSV-25 Investigating the effects of Chromium Propionate supplementation on productive and reproductive performance of beef cows
Authors: Vidlund Trinity , Mitchell Camille , Craun Hannah , Currin John , Stewart Jamie L , Clark Sherrie , Wolpert Bailey , Redifer Tracey , Mercadante Vitor R G 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We investigated the effects of Chromium Propionate supplementation on reproductive performance of beef cows from pre-partum to weaning. Suckled beef cows at nine locations were enrolled in the study. Within location, cows were stratified by parity, dam age, and day postpartum (DPP) and randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) Control, supplementation of a mineral product at 113 gּ animal-1ּ d-1 (n = 464 cows; 13 experimental units); or 2) CrP, supplementation of mineral product at 113 gּ animal-1ּ d-1 containing 1.4 g of Chromium Propionate (0.4%KemTRACE Chromium 0.4%, Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, IA; n = 489 cows; 13 experimental units). Treatments were initiated at approximately 37 d pre-calving until weaning for a total of 250 ± 12 d. Cows were enrolled in the 7-d CO-Synch+CIDR fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) protocol followed by natural service for a 70-d breeding season. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography at 55 d after TAI protocol and 40 d after the end of the breeding season. Cow body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were recorded at initiation of the TAI protocol (d -10), at pregnancy diagnosis (d 55 and 110), and at weaning (d 285). Within group, mineral disappearance was determined by the difference in weight between offered mineral and refusals. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX and MIXED procedures of SAS with pasture/group as the experimental unit with the effect of treatment and included group (treatment × location), cow (group), and location as random variables. Age, DPP, d -10 BCS, and BW were similar (P &gt; 0.05) between treatments (5.4 and 5.3 ± 0.61 yr, 79.2 and 79.9 ± 4.61 d, 5.1 and 5.2 ± 0.05, 515.7 and 515.6 ± 15.11 kg for Control and CrP, respectively). Mineral disappearance was similar (P = 0.999) between treatments (165.5 and 152.9 gּ animal-1ּ d-1, for Control and CrP, respectively). Cow BW was similar (P &gt; 0.05) between treatments on d 55, 110 and 285 (558.5 and 551.4 ± 14.50 kg, 580.8 and 594.6 ± 13.51 kg, and 574.2 and 570.9 ± 14.32 kg for Control and CrP, respectively). Similarly, cow BCS did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) between treatments on d 55, 110 and 285 (5.4 and 5.4 ± 0.09, 5.3 and 5.3 ± 0.10, and 5.1 and 5.2 ± 0.10 for Control and CrP, respectively). Calf birth and weaning BW were similar (P &gt; 0.05) between treatments. However, CrP-supplemented cows tended (P = 0.081) to have greater estrus expression (60.2 and 68.3 ± 3.1 %, for Control and CrP, respectively) and CrP-supplemented cows had greater (P = 0.045) TAI pregnancy rate when compared with Control cows (49.9 and 55.2 ± 2.1 %). Supplementation of Chromium Propionate to beef cows from pre-partum through weaning did not affect cow BW and BCS, tended to increase estrus expression and increased TAI pregnancy rate.
PSVI-20 Supplementing cows with an organic trace mineral drench at CIDR placement improved artificial insemination pregnancy rates
Authors: Engel Chanda , Russell Jason , Gomez Arturo , Bevilacqua Riccardo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Mature beef cows (n = 1,616) from a commercial ranch in central South Dakota, were used to evaluate the effects of an organic trace mineral drench containing 720 mg Zn, 400 mg Mn, 250 mg Cu, 15 mg Co, 1 mg Se, and 200 IU Vitamin E on pregnancy rates. Appropriate trace mineral status was guaranteed by providing all cows with free choice access to an organic trace mineral supplement (7 gּ animal-1ּ d-1Availa 4, Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN) 60 d prior to breeding. Cows were grouped in different pastures (n = 7). In each of the pasture groups, during CIDR placement, individually identified cows were randomized to either receive no drench (CON) or 30 mL of a supplemental trace mineral drench (PROFUSION, Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN). Cows were initially bred by AI using one of two fixed-time AI protocols per group (FTAI; 7&7 Synch, n = 1 and 7-d Co-Synch+CIDR, n = 6). One week following FTAI, bulls were turned out with the cows for approximately 45 d. Pregnancy was determined by a licensed veterinarian via trans-rectal ultrasonography. The data were analyzed using R Statistical Software with cow as the experimental unit, blocking by pasture. There was no difference in overall pregnancy rate (90%; P &gt; 0.10) between PROFUSION and CON cows at the end of the breeding period. However, PROFUSION cows had a statistically significant increase in AI pregnancy rates compared with CON cows (P = 0.05; 58.1% vs 53.2%, respectively). Supplementing an organic trace mineral drench prior to FTAI resulted in a positive improvement in AI pregnancy rates.
PSVI-22 Effects of supplementation of beef cows during gestation on progeny backgrounding frame size and performance
Authors: da Costa Gabrielli , Pelegrini Ana , Domingues Edmilson , Gionbelli Mateus P , Bernardes Thiago 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The implications of supplementation during gestation on growth and efficiency of offspring have gained interest worldwide. The hypothesis of this study was that supplementation of cows during gestation results in favorable progeny growth and nutrient utilization. Our objectives were to assess the impacts of providing supplementation to pregnant beef cows during the dry grazing period on progeny backgrounding performance. During a 2-yr period, Tabapuã cows (n = 36) were managed on Brachiaria pastures, which were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments as follows: no application of N on pasture and cows supplemented with mineral mix (CON), application of 165 kg of Nּ ha-1ּ yr-1 and cows supplemented with a commercial product containing 40% of CP, macro and micro minerals, and vitamins (SUP), and application of 165 kg of Nּ ha-1ּ yr-1 and cows supplemented with grass silage (GS). At the beginning of the dry period, the commercial supplement and silage were fed for 140 d (from 116 ± 27 to 256 ± 27 d of gestation). The mineral mix was offered all year round. Bull (n = 18 in yr 1 and 12 in yr 2) and heifer progeny (n = 13 in yr 1 and 17 in yr 2) were weaned with average age of 203 ± 18 d in yr 1 and 229 ± 15 d in yr 2. After weaning, progeny were weighed and allocated in individual pens and adapted to a growing diet over 90 in yr 1 and 89 d in yr 2. For both years, rations were formulated to provide 0.9 kg/d (Dietary NEm = 1.68 Mcal/kg and dietary Neg = 1.07 Mcal/kg, on average). The PROC MIXED procedure of SAS was used to analyze all variables. The statistical model included supplementation program as a fixed effect and sex (male or female) as a random variable. Initial BW, weaning age, estimated progeny difference, and d on feed were included as covariates. No differences were obtained for initial BW, final BW, ADG, DM intake, and G:F. Frame size (e.g., heart girth, hip height) was also unaffected by dam supplementation. Overall, supplementing pregnant beef cows, during the dry grazing period, with a commercial supplement or silage does not affect progeny performance during backgrounding.
PSIX-15 Elevated level of ATG12, an autophagy–associated gene, in canines with dermatological problems fed a polyphenol-rich food
Authors: Tavener Selena K , Badri Dayakar V , Panickar Kiran S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Autophagy is a controlled intracellular degradation process that removes damaged cellular components through a lysosome-dependent mechanism to maintain cell homeostasis and longevity. Autophagy related proteins (ATGs) require a series of conjugation to other proteins prior to their delivery to lysosomes for degradation. ATGs may also be involved in apoptosis. We assessed the role of ATGs and related genes in circulating leukocytes in dogs with dermatological issues. To investigate if ATG genes are modified with diet we fed 2 test foods (one rich in polyphenols) to canines with dermatological problems (n = 8) and controls (n = 8). Dogs were pre-fed a control food for 28 d and then divided into two groups based on their phenotype (Healthy, Derm) followed by a cross-over design. Dogs were fed for 42 d with test food 1 (TF1) and the second group was fed test food with a higher polyphenol content (TF2) for 42 d followed by a crossover. RNA was extracted from blood collected at the end of the pre-feed period, end of phase 1, and end of phase 2. Gene expression was assessed using NanoString nCounter platform. A mixed model analysis was performed using food as a fixed effect and animal as a random effect. TF2 fed dogs had low pruritus scores and increased the response rate (improvement %) to 30.77% when compared with dogs fed TF1. There was a significant increase in ATG12 in dogs fed TF2 compared with baseline (P &lt; 0.05). But there was no difference in other ATGs including ATG5, ATG7, or ATG10 with TF1 or TF2. Autophagy involves the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5 which promotes ATG8 to bind to the autophagic membrane which is essential for atuophagosome formation. ATG12 can also exert its action through a non-autophagy pathway by binding to Bcl-2 and inhibiting its activity to promote apoptosis. An increase in Bcl-2 was observed with TF2 and TF1 when compared with baseline (P &lt; 0.05). An increased level of ATG12 and Bcl-2 in our study may have contributed to a decreased expression of selected inflammatory cytokines due to activation of apoptosis in leukocytes. Consistent with this, there was a decline in the expression of IL-5RA, a receptor expressed on eosinophils, TF2 group when compared with baseline (P &lt; 0.05). There was also a decrease in FCRL2, a gene preferentially expressed in memory B-cells and plasma cells and also involved in B-cell receptor signaling, in dogs fed TF2 (P &lt; 0.05). Whether increased ATG12 is directly responsible for an improvement in pruritus in dogs fed TF2 is not clear. However, our results indicate that ATG12 and Bcl-2 together may be involved in promoting apoptosis of pro-inflammatory leukocytes in dogs fed TF2 that may have resulted in a decline in inflammation.
PSIX-5 Performance of black soldier fly larvae meal as secondary protein sources in extruded dog diets
Authors: Kerr Katherine R , Gajda Angela M , Daristotle Leighann , Frantz Nolan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFL) has gained market exposure with ties to sustainability and novelty. Graded inclusions of BSFL were assessed for nutrient digestibility, stool quality, and palatability in adult dogs. The BSFL was included at 0%, 5% and 10% in chicken-based extruded dog diets (formulated to 22% crude protein, 13% crude fat, 3% crude fiber). The study was approved by the facility’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. A standard 2-bowl palatability test over a 2-d period was executed (n = 30 dogs each) to determine intake ratios between diets (0% vs. 5%, 0% vs. 10%, and 5% vs. 10%). Total tract nutrient digestibility was evaluated (n = 6 dogs per diet) with 5 d acclimation followed by 5 d total fecal collection. Stool quality was evaluated on a 1 to 5 scale. Palatability data were analyzed using paired t-test. To test for mean differences in digestibility and stool quality outcomes between 0%, 5%, and 10% BSFL dogs, we applied the Kruskal-Wallis test. Statistical significance was set at 5% type 1 error rate. Dry matter, protein, fat, and energy digestibility, and stool quality were similar between all diets (P &gt; 0.05). Palatability was improved (P &lt; 0.05) with inclusion of BSFL (i.e., preference for 5% and 10% vs. 0% inclusion) and improved (P &lt; 0.05) at 10% vs. 5% inclusion. The BSFL tested showed merit as a palatable ingredient source that maintains stool quality and digestibility in adult dogs.
PSVIII-2 Effects of post-ruminal yeast cell wall extract on dry matter intake, gastrointestinal fermentation and permeability, and concentrations of white blood cell types in beef heifers exposed to feed restriction
Authors: Armes Wyatt D , Villot Clothilde , Chevaux Eric , Griebel Philip , Hogan Natacha , Mutsvangwa Timothy , Penner Gregory B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether post-ruminal provision of a yeast cell wall extract (YCW) affected gastrointestinal fermentation characteristics and permeability, and white blood cell concentrations for heifers exposed to feed restriction (FR). Ruminally cannulated beef heifers (n = 8) were used in a 2 × 2 crossover design. Treatments (TRT) included an abomasal infusion of a placebo (PLC; maltodextrin) or YCW derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2 g/dose) infused at 0600 and 1800 h. Heifers were subject to a 5-d baseline period followed by 5 d of FR where dry matter intake (DMI) was restricted to 30% of ad libitum intake. Data collection included daily DMI, and rumen, fecal and blood samples. Total gastrointestinal and post-ruminal permeability were measured using a ruminal dose of Cr-EDTA and an abomasal dose of Co-EDTA during the baseline and FR phases. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of YCW provision and phase, and the 2-way interaction. There were no TRT or TRT × phase interactions except for fecal propionate concentration. By design, DMI during FR was 30% (P &lt; 0.01) of that observed during baseline (4.1 vs. 13.4 kg/d, respectively). The ruminal concentrations of acetate (45.4 vs. 69.2 mmol/L), propionate (14.5 vs. 26.7 mmol/L), and butyrate (9.9 vs. 16.5 mmol/L) were reduced (P &lt; 0.01) by 34, 46, and 52%, respectively, with FR relative to baseline. Fecal propionate concentration (interaction, P = 0.04) numerically increased (P = 0.12) from baseline to FR for PLC (7.7 vs. 9.6 mmol/L, respectively), while YCW did not change among phases; however, no means differed. Exposure to FR reduced fecal butyrate concentration by 28% (P = 0.03). Gastrointestinal tract permeability (P &lt; 0.01; 2.3 and 2.5% for total and post-ruminal, respectively) was greater during FR compared with baseline, with 2.0% of the Cr-EDTA and 1.6% of the Co-EDTA excreted in urine. The concentrations of neutrophils (P = 0.03) and eosinophils (P &lt; 0.01) were greater during FR relative to baseline (2.28, 1.27 and 0.53, 0.30 ×106 cells/mL, respectively). Exposure to FR altered ruminal SCFA concentrations, increased blood concentrations of neutrophils and eosinophils, and increased gastrointestinal permeability suggesting an inflammatory response; however, post-ruminal provision of a YCW did not mitigate the response to a feed restriction challenge.
PSVIII-1 Identifying factors associated with the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia in poultry
Authors: Amini Seyedehbaran , Jahnel Ricarda E , Makanjuola Bayode O , Bai Xuechen , Willems Owen W , Ellis Jennifer L , Baes Christine F , Leishman Emily M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Selecting on increased breast meat yield and body weight (BW) is thought to be associated with the increasing prevalence of leg disorders. A disorder of particular importance is tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), which is characterized as uncalcified cartilage in the proximal area of the tibiotarsal bone, leading to increased lameness, reduced feed and water intake, and subsequently poorer production efficiency and increased pre-slaughter mortality. Although it is hypothesized that TD is more prevalent in fast-growing poultry, this relationship can vary across studies making it challenging to distill the relationship between BW and TD, especially as studies of TD span several decades. Therefore, a systematic literature search and meta-analysis was conducted to identify factors influencing TD incidence. To date, the systematic literature search has resulted in 21 eligible papers, although data are still being extracted from the literature. Data extracted from each study included TD incidence (%), BW (kg), species (turkeys vs. broilers), sex (male vs. female), and age (weeks) of the animals. Preliminary univariable models have been developed based on the current database. Univariable generalized linear mixed models were developed in SAS (PROC GLIMMIX) including study as a random effect to evaluate the relationship between TD incidence and BW, species, sex, and age. Turkeys (27.3 ± 0.08%) had a greater TD incidence than broilers (19.3 ± 0.03%); however, this difference was not significant (P = 0.3481). There was a tendency for age to influence TD incidence (P = 0.0553) and a significant effect of BW (P &lt; 0.0001). TD incidence also tended to differ between the sexes, with greater incidence in males (22.9 ± 0.07%) than females (11.3 ± 0.05%; P = 0.0657). After extracting all available data from the literature, further analysis will be conducted to consider multivariable models to predict TD. As such, caution should be used when generalizing these results due to the preliminary nature of the database. With the currently available data, the results of this study support the relationship between BW/size and TD. Furthermore, this study illustrates that TD is a prevalent challenge in both major poultry species. Reducing TD incidence could significantly improve animal welfare and mitigate economic losses associated with pre-slaughter mortality.
PSVIII-18 Chemical composition of residual yolk in response to feeding broiler breeders hydroxychloride or organic sources of zinc, copper, and manganese from 42 to 63 wk of age
Authors: Bakhshalinejad Reza , Torrey Stephanie , Kiarie Elijah 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The objective was to investigate the effects of feeding broiler breeders (BB) hydroxychloride (HC) or organic (OR) sources of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) from 42 to 63 wk of age (woa) on chemical composition of residual yolk (RY). A total of 408 ♀ Ross 708 and 48 ♂ Yield Plus cockerels were placed in pens (17 ♀ and 2 ♂) housed in two rooms (12 pens/room) and allocated to one of two diets in a completely randomized block design (n = 12). The diets had similar nutrient specifications but differed in Zn, Cu, and Mn sources: 1) HO, a blend of 80% HC and 20% OR sources, and 2) OR, 100% OR sources ((Table 1 and 2). In total, 2,160 eggs (90 eggs from each pen replicate) were collected and labelled by BB pen at 46, 52 and 62 woa and incubated. For each incubation, embryos were euthanized at embryonic d (ED) 14 and 19 and at day of hatch (DOH) for the RY samples. On ED 14 and 19, six eggs per pen were individually weighed, and cracked open to dissect yolk sac and six hatchlings per pen (3 ♀ and 3 ♂) were individually weighed, and yolk sacs excised for DOH sampling. The RY weight (% of egg for ED or body weight for DOH), and dry matter and ash content were measured. The data at each sampling point was analyzed independently in a model with BB diet, age and associated interactions as fixed factors using PROC GLIMMIX procedures. There were no (P &gt; 0.05) interactions between diet and BB age or main effects of trace mineral (TM) sources on any response criteria. The BB age effect was only observed for RY weight; in this context, the RY weight at ED 19 or DOH differed (P &lt; 0.01) between BB age groups Table 3 and 4). Despite the lack of direct effects of TM sources on the measured criteria, these findings contribute to understanding the dynamics of RY composition in relation to BB age. Further research may explore additional factors influencing RY composition to optimize BB nutrition and subsequent offspring development.