bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF ARTEMISIA VULGARIS GROWN IN EGYPT
Authors: H. A. Said-al Ahl Hussein , Hussein Mohamed S. , Tkachenko Kirill G. , Nkomo Mpumelelo , Mudau Fhatuwani N. 
Published: September 2016

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this research was to evaluate the significance of the plant's origin and to assess the essential oil composition of <em>Artemisia vulgaris</em> grown in Egypt simultaneously evaluating the effect of environmental conditions on essential oil composition.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>:<strong> </strong>Seeds were planted and the essential oils extracted, using hydrodistillation, from the plants that grew. The resulting essential oils were examined, using gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thus also evaluating the essential oil chemotype “fingerprint” in <em>A. vulgaris</em></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study identified: the most abundant compounds being camphor, 3, 5-dimethylcyclohexane, germacrene D, cubebene, yomogi alcohol, artemisia alcohol, caryophyllene, while is lower concentrations thujopsene, muurolene, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, valencene, elemene and humulene. Despite the origins of the seeds, the chemical profile was very similar to those of plants grown in Egypt, thus suggesting essential oil composition was significantly influenced by the environmental conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the present study,<strong> </strong>It is suggested that seed origin may play a less significant part if the seed is planted in an environment different to that of its origin, this study proved that and favors the plant-environment interaction to influence the secondary metabolite composition. This supports that plant metabolite profiles are greatly affected by the environment they are grown in. </p>
RADICAL SCAVENGING AND DISINFECTANT EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM MOROCCAN MENTHA PULEGIUM
Authors: Chraibi Marwa , Fikri Benbrahim Kawtar , Ou-yahyia Douâae , Balouiri Mounyr , Farah Abdellah 
Published: September 2016

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>As part of the valorization of medicinal and aromatic plants in Morocco, this study aims to investigate the chemical composition, the antimicrobial and the antioxidant activities of <em>Mentha pulegium </em>essential oil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Essential oil of <em>M. pulegium </em>from Oued Laou region (Morocco) was screened for its antimicrobial activity against seven bacteria and two fungi using broth microdilution method. The radical scavenging effect was used to assess <em>in vitro </em>antioxidant capacity of this oil.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The tested essential oil exhibited strong inhibitory effect against all tested microorganisms with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.003% to 1% (v/v) except for <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. Moreover, the studied essential oil exhibited radical scavenging power with the half maximal inhibitory concentration of 2 mg/ml.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings showed that the studied essential oil has both an antimicrobial and antioxidant potential, which is very rare. Thus, it reinforces its use as an effective, eco-friendly preservative agent in food and cosmetic field.</p><p> </p>
Effect of Intracanal Irrigants on Bond Strength of Fiber Posts Cemented With a Self-adhesive Resin Cement
Authors: Barreto MS , Rosa RA , Seballos VG , Machado E , Valandro LF , Kaizer OB , Só MVR , Bier CAS 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARY

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of five intracanal irrigants on bond strength of fiber posts cemented with newer self-adhesive resin cement.

Methods:
A total of 60 extracted, single-rooted human premolars, sectioned at 14 mm, were prepared with the ProTaper Universal system with a size F3 instrument and filled with an F3 master cone and AH Plus. The root canal filling was partially removed, leaving 4 mm of apical gutta-percha. Specimens were randomly assigned to five groups (n=12), according to the solution used for dentin surface treatment before fiber post cementation, as follows: EDTA 17% (EDTA); QMix (QM); SmearClear (SC); 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and 0.9% saline solution (SS). Ultrasonic activation was performed (three times, 20 seconds each), and root canals were dried with paper points. Fiber posts were cemented with RelyX U200. In one specimen per group, rhodamine B dye was mixed with RelyX U200 to provide adequate fluorescence for confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) assessment. Specimens were transversally sectioned and three slices were obtained, one for each root third. Next, a push-out test was performed. A stereomicroscope and CLSM were used to analyze the failure modes and to illustrate the pattern of infiltration of RelyX U200 into dentinal tubules, respectively. Bond strength means were calculated, and analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
SS showed the highest mean bond strength values (11.5±5.3), superior to QM (5.1±3.1) and SC (5.1±3.3). NaOCl presented intermediary bond strength values (9.7±5.0), similar to EDTA (7.7±2.9) and SS. QM and SC showed the lowest mean bond strength (p&lt;0.05). Adhesive failures between cement/dentin were predominant (53.9%).

Conclusion:
SS and NaOCl associated with ultrasonic activation seem to be adequate solutions for root canal cleaning before fiber post cementation with self-adhesive resin cement, whereas chelating solutions, such as EDTA, QM, and SC, cause a decrease in bond strength.
IS THERE A MAXIMUM MASS FOR BLACK HOLES IN GALACTIC NUCLEI?
Authors: Inayoshi Kohei , Haiman Zoltán 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The largest observed supermassive black holes (SMBHs) have a mass of

, nearly independent of redshift, from the local (

) to the early (

) universe. We suggest that the growth of SMBHs above a few

is prevented by small-scale accretion physics, independent of the properties of their host galaxies or of cosmology. Growing more massive BHs requires a gas supply rate from galactic scales onto a nuclear region as high as

. At such a high accretion rate, most of the gas converts to stars at large radii (∼10–100 pc), well before reaching the BH. We adopt a simple model for a star-forming accretion disk and find that the accretion rate in the subparsec nuclear region is reduced to the smaller value of at most a few

. This prevents SMBHs from growing above

in the age of the universe. Furthermore, once an SMBH reaches a sufficiently high mass, this rate falls below the critical value at which the accretion flow becomes advection dominated. Once this transition occurs, BH feeding can be suppressed by strong outflows and jets from hot gas near the BH. We find that the maximum SMBH mass, given by this transition, is between

, depending primarily on the efficiency of angular momentum transfer inside the galactic disk, and not on other properties of the host galaxy.
UNSUPERVISED CLUSTERING OF TYPE II SUPERNOVA LIGHT CURVES
Authors: Rubin Adam , Gal-Yam Avishay 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
As new facilities come online, the astronomical community will be provided with extremely large data sets of well-sampled light curves (LCs) of transients. This motivates systematic studies of the LCs of supernovae (SNe) of all types, including the early rising phase. We performed unsupervised k-means clustering on a sample of 59 R-band SN II LCs and find that the rise to peak plays an important role in classifying LCs. Our sample can be divided into three classes: slowly rising (II-S), fast rise/slow decline (II-FS), and fast rise/fast decline (II-FF). We also identify three outliers based on the algorithm. The II-FF and II-FS classes are disjoint in their decline rates, while the II-S class is intermediate and “bridges the gap.” This may explain recent conflicting results regarding II-P/II-L populations. The II-FS class is also significantly less luminous than the other two classes. Performing clustering on the first two principal component analysis components gives equivalent results to using the full LC morphologies. This indicates that Type II LCs could possibly be reduced to two parameters. We present several important caveats to the technique, and find that the division into these classes is not fully robust. Moreover, these classes have some overlap, and are defined in the R band only. It is currently unclear if they represent distinct physical classes, and more data is needed to study these issues. However, we show that the outliers are actually composed of slowly evolving SN IIb, demonstrating the potential of such methods. The slowly evolving SNe IIb may arise from single massive progenitors.
Duration of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Treatment-Naive Patients in Routine Practice
Authors: Tesson Thomas , Blot Mathieu , Fillion Aurélie , Djerad Hama , Cagnon-Chapalain Joséphine , Creuwels Aline , Waldner Anne , Duong Michel , Buisson Marielle , Mahy Sophie , Chavanet Pascal , Piroth Lionel 
Published: September 2016

Background First-line antiretroviral therapy (1st ART) is an important step in a patient's management and often considered a long-term therapy at treatment initiation. Methods To describe the duration of 1st ART and the factors associated with treatment modification in a recent real-life setting, antiretroviral-naive patients who began their 1st ART in six French hospitals in 2009– 2012 were included in a cohort. Clinical, immunological, virological and therapeutic data, as well as the reasons for therapeutic changes, if any, were retrospectively collected. Results A total of 206 patients started 1st ART, mainly a protease inhibitor-based triple therapy (73%), with a tenofovir-including backbone (87%). Of these, 89 (43%) had their 1st ART modified after a median of 16.5 months (IQR 8.0–32.8). Having a CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/mm3, being pregnant, or 1st ART including zidovudine + lamivudine or lopinavir/r were significantly associated with a higher risk for treatment modification in multivariate analysis. In 47 patients (53%), 1st ART was modified for safety reasons, with no significant association with a given anti-retroviral drug or class. No significant difference in virological, immunological and clinical outcomes was observed between the patients who had their 1st ART modified and those who did not. Conclusions The proportion of modifications of the 1st ART during the first 2 years remains high. These modifications are frequently because of safety issues and the willingness to simplify treatment, and less often driven by virological failure, thus emphasizing that 1st ART is not – or is no longer – a lifelong treatment.
Problematizando as noções de vulnerabilidade e risco social no cotidiano do SUAS
Authors: Romagnoli Roberta Carvalho 
Published: September 2016

Este ensaio, elaborado a partir das reflexões da autora, tem como objetivo discutir as noções de vulnerabilidade e risco social que integram os documentos do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS), enfocando os efeitos que emergem do uso dessas noções no cotidiano dos profissionais em suas intervenções com as famílias. Nesse contexto, problematizam-se os riscos presentes nessas conexões que podem tornar os profissionais vulneráveis e cujo desconhecimento pode diminuir a capacidade das equipes e também o protagonismo e a autonomia das famílias. São eles o risco da psicologização, o risco da desqualificação, o risco da sobrecarga das mulheres e o risco da ressonância da vulnerabilidade. Concluí-se que o maior risco é o risco de maltrato à vida que se sustenta em atuações que podem encobrir práticas morais e resultar em relações de tutela e de assujeitamentos, impedindo relações de cuidado que se efetuam na intercessão, no encontro entre modelos e forças, permitindo a consolidação do SUAS de forma potente.
Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Changes during Normal Pregnancy among Nigerians
Authors: Adeyeye V. O. , Balogun M. O. , Adebayo R. A. , Makinde O. N. , Akinwusi P. O. , Ajayi E. A. , Ogunyemi S. A. , Akintomide A. O. , Ajayi E. O. , Adeyeye A. G. , Ojo T. O. , Abiodun O. O. 
Published: September 2016

Background Pregnancy is a physiological process associated with an increased hemodynamic load and cardiac structural remodeling. Limited echocardiographic information exists on cardiac chambers, left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions, and LV mass during trimesters of normal pregnancy among African women. Materials and Methods Echocardiography was done at the beginning of the second trimester, beginning of the third trimester, and middle of the third trimester for 100 normal pregnant women and at one visit for age-matched 100 nonpregnant women. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 software. Analysis of variance was used to compare within trimesters, and a P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results The mean (SD) ages of the patients and controls were 28.20 (±5.91) and 28.35 (±6.06) years, respectively (age range = 19-44 years, P = 0.86). Cardiac chambers, LV systolic function, and LV mass and its index increased significantly during pregnancy. A significant increase in A-wave velocity but slight increase in E-wave velocity and a reduction in tissue e′ velocity at the septal margin but a progressive increase in a′ velocity were also observed ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Cardiac chamber dimensions, LV wall thickness, and mass, most indices of LV systolic and diastolic function, though within normal range, were significantly higher in pregnant than in nonpregnant Nigerian women.
“Interdisciplinarity” Achieved: A Brief Look at Interdisciplinary Environmentalism in the 1960s
Authors: Baratta Chris 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper looks at the development of a new, pragmatic approach to environmentalism in the 1960s. This new approach, in response to the newly emerged and accepted field of ecology just a decade earlier, opened its reach to a wider variety of scientific and intellectual fields, resulting in a more balanced, interdisciplinary approach to environmentalism that took hold in the 1960s and was given validity with the emergence of some watershed moments in the American environmental movement: that is, Earth Day and the creation of the EPA in 1970. This study looks at some of the well-known figures in the environmental movement of the 1960s, such as Rachel Carson, and some of the lesser-known figures, such as Murray Bookchin and Stewart Brand. The focus of the study is an outline that looks at the various ways that an interdisciplinary approach to environmentalism emerged as an important aspect of the social, cultural, and political discourse of the time. Murray Bookchin's “ecological anarchism” fused social theory with ecological concerns; Rachel Carson, a creative writer in addition to a scientist, merged environmentalism, creative writing, and scientific inquiry; Leo Marx provided a new look at the relationship of technology and the environment in a rapidly changing, postindustrial time; and, in his activism and with the publication of the Whole Earth Catalog, Stewart Brand brought environmental thought and ecological principles into the marketplace. In the 1960s, environmental thought needed to be combined with more applicable and accessible social, political, and economic principles in order to open a larger mainstream environmental dialogue. These figures, through their respective avenues, were able to form this interdisciplinary approach that gave rise to a wider, more diverse approach to environmentalism.
That “Beautiful Art”: Black-and-White Photography in Henry James's “The Jolly Corner”
Authors: Thompson Terry W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn many of his later works, fiction and nonfiction alike, Henry James often sought to “appropriate aspects of photography” by using incredibly precise “verbal constructions of images.” In “The Jolly Corner” (1908), one of his most celebrated short stories, James accomplishes just that. This work, an especially elegant version of the traditional doppelganger tale, has crisp and focused imagery throughout its three chapters. However, there is no color in the story. All of the rich descriptive passages for which the author is so renowned are offered only in subtle gradations of black and white and grey, just like in haunting photographs from the period. In essence, this carefully rendered psychological ghost story, “enchanting and chilling” by turns, is presented as a type of prose photograph album of New York City at the century's turn, a stylish attempt by James, and a successful one, to reproduce with words what he himself once praised as that “beautiful art,” the “art” of black-and-white photography as practiced by Edward Steichen, Katherine McClellan, and the other masters of the new medium.
Efectos espaciales y convergencia económica: herramientas metodológicas para su estudio
Authors: Rabanal Cristian 
Published: September 2016

El análisis espacial de datos ha sido un tema de creciente interés en los últimos años. En el marco del análisis de convergencia, la inclusión de los efectos espaciales al modelo de beta convergencia constituye una extensión necesaria al modelo, debido al paulatino aumento en la interrelación entre diferentes regiones del mundo. Este artículo revisa algunas técnicas para la identificación del tipo de autocorrelación espacial y su inclusión en el modelo, junto con la consideración del problema de la heterogeneidad espacial.
Projections de l’état de santé de la population québécoise et impacts sur le risque de longévité d’un régime de retraite à prestations déterminées
Authors: Côté-Sergent Aurélie , Duclos Jean-Yves , Lekina Alexandre , Marchand Steeve , Michaud Pierre-Carl 
Published: September 2016

Nous nous intéressons au risque futur de longévité étant donné l’augmentation de l’espérance de vie due au progrès technologique et la hausse de la prévalence de maladies liées à l’obésité et à la sédentarité. Nous utilisons dans un premier temps des techniques de microsimulation afin de projeter l’état de santé de la population québécoise dans divers scénarios, en incluant dans cette microsimulation une hypothèse d’amélioration exogène de la mortalité semblable à celle faite par la Régie des rentes du Québec (RRQ). Nous évaluons dans un deuxième temps les implications des tendances en santé fournies par ces simulations pour le ratio de financement de régimes de retraite à prestations déterminées (hypothétiques). Il s’avère qu’en 2050, le ratio de financement des scénarios alternatifs pourrait être entre 3 % et 18 % plus faible que celui du scénario de référence, indiquant que des changements dans l’évolution de l’état de santé pourraient avoir des effets importants sur les régimes de retraite dans le futur. Nous analysons dans un dernier temps les hypothèses de mortalité faites par la RRQ en considérant des scénarios alternatifs associés à des avancées médicales susceptibles de se produire dans les 10 prochaines années. Il s’avère selon cette analyse que les hypothèses de la RRQ pourraient surestimer significativement la croissance de l’espérance de vie future, en particulier celle des individus de 30 à 65 ans.
Revised single‐spacecraft method for determining wave vector k and resolving space‐time ambiguity
Authors: Bellan P. M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA practical method is proposed for determining the wave vector of waves from single‐spacecraft measurements. This wave vector knowledge can then be used to remove the space‐time ambiguity produced by frequency Doppler shift associated with spacecraft motion. The method involves applying the Wiener‐Khinchin theorem to cross correlations of the current and magnetic field oscillations and to autocorrelations of the magnetic field oscillations. The method requires that each wave frequency component map to a unique wave vector, a condition presumed true in many spacecraft measurement situations. Examples validating the method are presented.
Construction of Tropane Derivatives by the Organocatalytic Asymmetric Dearomatization of Isoquinolines
Authors: Xu Jin‐Hui , Zheng Sheng‐Cai , Zhang Ji‐Wei , Liu Xin‐Yuan , Tan Bin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA chiral‐NHC‐catalyzed highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective dearomatizing double Mannich reaction of isoquinolines was developed that provides a powerful and straightforward synthetic route toward substituted tropane derivatives with four contiguous stereocenters. A unique feature of this strategy is the use of readily available isoquinolines to provide two reactive sites for dearomatization, thus opening up an unprecedented approach to tropane derivatives with excellent stereoselectivity. The four‐component reactions proceeded smoothly with good results. Thus, the present method is suitable for the diversity‐oriented synthesis of useful tropane derivatives with high efficiency.
Mit variablem Abstand gestapelte lineare Ketten magnetischer Ionen: ferromagnetische Ordnung mit einer Curie‐Temperatur von über 20 K
Authors: Friedländer Stefan , Liu Jinxuan , Addicoat Matt , Petkov Petko , Vankova Nina , Rüger Robert , Kuc Agnieszka , Guo Wei , Zhou Wencai , Lukose Binit , Wang Zhengbang , Weidler Peter G. , Pöppl Andreas , Ziese Michael , Heine Thomas , Wöll Christof 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDie magnetischen Eigenschaften Metall‐organischer Gerüste (MOFs) der SURMOF‐2‐Serie wurden untersucht. Anders als bei Volumen‐MOF‐2‐Kristallen, bei denen Cu2+‐Ionen in einer Schaufelrad‐Anordnung vorliegen und antiferromagnetisch gekoppelt sind, zeigen die Carboxylatgruppen hier eine reißverschlussartige Anordnung. Eine theoretische Analyse ergibt, dass diese ungewöhnliche Kopplung der Spin‐
‐Ionen innerhalb der entstehenden, eindimensionalen Ketten bei niedriger Temperatur eine ferromagnetische Phase (FM‐Phase) stabilisiert. Anders als bei anderen geordneten 1D‐Systemen sind zum Induzieren des Ferromagnetismus keine starken Magnetfelder erforderlich. Die Konstanten der magnetischen Kopplung zur Beschreibung der Wechselwirkung zwischen den einzelnen Metallionen wurden in SQUID‐Versuchen bestimmt. Sie stimmen ausgezeichnet mit den Ergebnissen von Ab‐initio‐DFT‐Elektronenstruktur‐Berechnungen überein. Die theoretischen Ergebnisse ermöglichen eine detaillierte Beschreibung des ungewöhnlichen Verhaltens dieses exotischen, aber dennoch leicht herstellbaren Materials.
Selective Synthesis of Cyclooctanoids by Radical Cyclization of Seven‐Membered Lactones: Neutron Diffraction Study of the Stereoselective Deuteration of a Chiral Organosamarium Intermediate
Authors: Just‐Baringo Xavier , Clark Jemma , Gutmann Matthias J. , Procter David J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSeven‐membered lactones undergo selective SmI2–H2O‐promoted radical cyclization to form substituted cyclooctanols. The products arise from an exo‐mode of cyclization rather than the usual endo‐attack employed in the few radical syntheses of cyclooctanes. The process is terminated by the quenching of a chiral benzylic samarium. A labeling experiment and neutron diffraction study have been used for the first time to probe the configuration and highly diastereoselective deuteration of a chiral organosamarium intermediate.