bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O Novo Modelo de Constitucionalismo da Comunidade Britânica
Authors: Gardbaum Stephen 
Published: January 2018

O “novo modelo de constitucionalismo da Comunidade Britânica” se refere a uma estrutura ou abordagem geral comum subjacente às cartas de direitos introduzidas no Canadá (1982), Nova Zelândia (1990) e Reino Unido (1998). Como um experimento recente e contínuo em design constitucional, o novo modelo da Comunidade Britânica pode ser algo inédito. Ele representa uma terceira abordagem à estruturação e institucionalização de disposições constitucionais básicas que ocupa o ponto intermediário entre as duas tradicionais opções de supremacia legislativa e judicial, que se excluíam mutuamente. Ele também provê técnicas novas e – pode-se argumentar – melhores para proteger direitos dentro de uma democracia por meio da realocação de poderes entre cortes e legislaturas, o que estabelece maior equilíbrio que qualquer desses dois modelos assimétricos. Dessa forma, o novo modelo da Comunidade Britânica promete ser para os modelos de constitucionalismo o que a economia mista é para formas de organização econômica: uma terceira via distinta e atraente, entre dois extremos mais puros, porém falhos.
Diversity in the Child Criminal Justice System
Authors: Pradhani Sartika Intaning 
Published: January 2018

The Child Criminal Justice System in practice, the child as a victim of sexual violence does not always feel its justice being reversed because the diversion process involving the community, the police, the social department, and the parties concerned does not always have a victim's perspective. The absence of a victim's perspective in resolving the issue of sexual violence through diversities makes restorative justice incapable of restoring and fulfilling justice for child victims of sexual violence compared to the criminal justice system in general because diversity is unable to bridge the gap between the challenges faced by victims and the help available to victims. Legal protection of child victims of crime, especially crimes against morality, with child offenders under the Criminal Justice System which must prioritize the approach of Restorative Justice by guaranteeing the rights of child victims to the efforts of medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation both inside and outside the institution; assurance of safety, whether physical, mental, or social; and ease in obtaining information about case development through diversion. Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak pada praktiknya, anak sebagai korban kekerasan seksual tidak selalu merasakan keadilannya dikemalikan karena proses diversi yang melibatkan masyarakat, polisi, departemen sosial, dan para pihak terkait tidak selalu memiliki perspektif korban. Ketiadaan perspektif korban dalam penyelesaian permasalahan kekerasan seksual melalui diversi membuat keadilan restoratif tidak mampu mengembalikan dan memenuhi keadilan bagi anak korban kekerasan seksual dibandingkan dengan sistem peradilan pidana secara umum karena diversi tidak mampu untuk menjembatani jurang antara tantangan yang dihadapi oleh para korban dan pertolongan yang tersedia untuk para korban. Perlindungan hukum terhadap anak korban kejahatan, khususnya kejahatan terhadap kesusilaan, dengan pelaku anak menurut Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak yang wajib mengutamakan pendekatan Keadilan Restoratif dengan memberikan jaminan hak anak korban terhadap upaya rehabilitasi medis dan rehabilitasi sosial, baik di dalam lembaga maupun di luar lembaga; jaminan keselamatan, baik fisik, mental, maupun sosial; dan kemudahan dalam mendapatkan informasi mengenai perkembangan perkara melalui diversi. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v5i1.6575
Shift of Criminal Acts of Copyrights to the Direction of Civil Dispute (Review of Article 95 Paragraph (4) of Law Number 28 Year 2014 on Copyright)
Authors: Sufiarina Sufiarina 
Published: January 2018

This article conducted a study about the obligation of mediation as a precondition for copyright infringement based on article 95 paragraphs (4) of the Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. Mediation provisions in the Laws Number 30 of 1999 on Arbitration is a way of settlement of civil disputes outside the court to reach a settlement by consensus with the help of a mediator. While mediation is based on the supreme court rule number 1 of 2008 is intended as an obligation for judges at first instance in the district courts and religious courts in the settlement dispute resolution is the authority of commercial courts as special courts general judicial. But the commercial court does not apply the obligations mediation. A study conducted by the approach of the laws and regulations. By considering the crime of copyright as higly relevant to a complaint mediation prior obligations imposed as a condition of doing criminal charges. Article 95 paragraph 4 of the law number 28 of 2014 on copyright, which requires the completion of mediation prior to file criminal charges has brought about a shift in the field of copyright criminal offenses into civil disputes. Thus the obligation of mediation in the settlement of copyright disputes is not only necessary for a criminal offense, but also expanded as a condition for completion in litigation in the commercial courts. Artikel ini melakukan kajian terhadap kewajiban mediasi sebagai syarat untuk melakukan tuntutan pidana atas pelanggaran hak cipta berdasarkan Pasal 95 ayat (4) UU No. 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta. Ketentuan mediasi dalam Undang-Undang No. 30 Tahun 1999 tentang Arbitrase merupakan cara penyelesaian sengketa perdata di luar pengadilan untuk mencapai penyelesaian secara musyawarah mufakat dengan bantuan mediator. Sedangkan mediasi berdasarkan Perma No.1 tahun 2008, ditujukan sebagai kewajiban bagi hakim pada pengadilan tingkat pertama di Pengadilan Negeri maupun Pengadilan Agama dalam rangka penyelesaian sengketa keperdataan. Penyelesaian sengketa hak cipta merupakan kewenangan Pengadilan Niaga, sebagai pengadilan khusus di lingkungan peradilan umum. Namun di Pengadilan Niaga tidaklah berlaku kewajiban mediasi. Kajian dilakukan dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statuta aproacht). Dengan mengingat tindak pidana hak cipta sebagai delik aduan sangatlah relevan dibebankan kewajiban mediasi terlebih dahulu sebagai syarat melakukan tuntutan pidana. Pasal 95 ayat (4) UU No. 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta yang mensyaratkan penyelesaian mediasi terlebih dahulu untuk mengajukan tuntutan pidana, telah membawa konsekuensi pergeseran tindak pidana bidang hak cipta menjadi sengketa keperdataan. Dengan demikian kewajiban mediasi dalam penyelesaian sengketa hak cipta (HKI) tidak hanya diperlakukan bagi tindak pidana saja namun juga diperluas sebagai syarat untuk penyelesaian secara litigasi di Pengadilan Niaga. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v5i1.6581
Las devociones religiosas en la España Moderna
Authors: Maruri Villanueva Ramón 
Published: January 2018

RESUMENEn este estudio se tratan las claves explicativas de la profunda renovación conocida por la historiografía modernista española desde la década de 1980 en el análisis de las devociones, uno de los componentes de la religiosidad. Una renovación en la que, independientemente de la multiplicación de las aportaciones, han primado muy considerablemente las enmarcadas en el ámbito local, lo cual se ha traducido en un conocimiento muy sectorial y fragmentado del universo devocional. Articular lo ya conocido y trascender analíticamente la escala local se proponen como los dos grandes retos a los que se enfrenta el investigador de las devociones en la España Moderna.PALABRAS CLAVEDevociones, Religiosidad, Mentalidades, España Moderna. TITLEReligious devotions in Modern Spain (16th.-18th. centuries)ABSTRACTThis study gives an account of the explanatory keys of the profound renovation that has been occurring in Spanish modernist historiography since the 1980s in the analysis of devotions, a component of religiosity. A renovation in which, regardless of the multiplication of contributions, these have prevailed very considerably framed at the local level, which has resulted in a very sectorial and fragmented knowledge of the devotional universe. Articulating what is already known, and transcending the local scale are proposed as the two great challenges faced by the researcher of devotions in modern Spain.KEY WORDSDevotions, Religiosity, Mentalities, Modern Spain.
El clero en la España del siglo XVIII. Balance historiográfico y perspectivas
Authors: Barrio Gozalo Maximiliano 
Published: January 2018

RESUMENDespués de decir unas palabras sobre la renovación que se llevó a cabo en la historia eclesiástica española de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, trato de ofrecer un balance historiográfico sobre los avances que se han producido y lo mucho se ha publicado en las últimas décadas sobre el clero secular y el regular, para concluir con unas breves indicaciones sobre las perspectivas de investigación.PALABRAS CLAVESiglo XVIII, Historia de la Iglesia, Clero español. TITLEThe clergy in the Spain of the eighteenth century. Historiographical balance and perspectivesABSTRACTAfter saying a few words about the renewal that took place in the Spanish ecclesiastical history of the second half of the twentieth century, he tried to offer a historiographical account of the progress that has been made and much has been published in the last decades about The secular clergy and the regular clergy, to conclude with a brief indication of the research prospects.KEY WORDS18th century, Church history, Spanish clergy.
Sustainable Drainage in Challenging Environments
Authors: Charlesworth S.M. , Winter K. , Adam‐Bradford A. , Mezue M. , McTough M. , Warwick F. , Blackett M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe provision of Water, Sanitation and Health (WASH) is recognised by the UN as a human right. However, drainage is not. The lack of drainage leads to flooding and can impact on quality of life and human health. This is particularly true in the most vulnerable of populations who live in informal settlements, favelas and refugee camps. This paper shows the potential of sustainable drainage systems or SuDS to address issues of excess surface water and lack of greywater management in these challenging of environments. SuDS mimic nature by encouraging infiltration, storage and slow conveyance of water to attenuate the storm peak, reduce flooding, improve water quality and provide opportunities for amenity and biodiversity. A layer of complexity is added when considering disease vectors such as mosquitoes which may be prevalent in these environments. By encouraging water underground and reducing puddling of water between dwellings and on the street, their breeding sites are reduced, providing a means of reducing their impacts on health due to zika, dengue or chikungunya. Due to the lack of governance, land tenure and any form of planning, residents of informal settlements and favelas need to be actively engaged in improving the quality of their surroundings. Refugee camps, on the other hand, are formally set up by the UNHCR with WASH installed, thus there is potential to influence policy, to encourage installation of drainage at the same time as WASH so that WASH becomes WASH'D, possibly a first step in recognising drainage as a human right.
Mindfulness e coaching: alternativas para o desenvolvimento humano
Authors: Torresan Maria Lucia , Pessotto Fernando , Bueno Cintia Heloína 
Published: January 2018

A mindfulness está baseada em práticas de meditação tendo como objetivo o direcionamento consciente da atenção do indivíduo para o presente. Vem sendo empregada em diferentes contextos como processos de coaching. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a eficiência da prática de mindfulness em um processo de coaching em grupo contando com a participação de 7 sujeitos com idade variando entre 35 a 62 anos sendo 6 do sexo feminino. Estes avaliaram 8 aspectos pessoais por meio da Roda da Vida, focando no âmbito carreira e trabalho. Posteriormente participaram de encontros semanais durante 10 meses, com o emprego de práticas de mindfulness. Após este período realizaram novamente a avaliação configurando medidas pré e pós-teste, além de atribuírem uma nota de acordo com os objetivos alcançados. Os resultados indicaram correlação alta entre o pós-teste e o desempenho no processo de coaching sendo esta responsável por explicar 55% da variância do objetivo alcançado.
Nadanie rygoru natychmiastowej wykonalności na wniosek
Authors: Kozub Aurelia 
Published: January 2018

W artykule opisano instytucję nadania rygoru natychmiastowej wykonalności na wniosek, która uregulowana jest w ustawie z 23.11.1964 r. – Kodeks postępowania cywilnego. Przedstawiono zagadnienia pojawiające się w praktyce podczas sporządzania wniosku o nadanie rygoru natychmiastowej wykonalności. Zarysowano problematykę terminu do złożenia wniosku, przesłanek uzasadniających nadanie rygoru natychmiastowejwykonalności oraz warstwę dowodową wniosku. Zaprezentowano także różnice poglądów, jakie pojawiają się podczas analizy rygoru natychmiastowej wykonalności.
In vitro Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Nicotiana tabacum L. Extracted in Different Organic Solvents
Authors: Ameya Gemechu , Manilal Aseer , Merdekios Behailu 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Controlling infectious disease using medicinal plants is the oldest healthcare known to mankind. Regardless of the enormous advances observed in modern medicine, medicinal plants are still playing vital roles. However, only a small proportion of medicinal plants are examined for bioactive compounds which may vary in different factors. This study aimed to evaluate phytochemical constituent and antimicrobial activities of Nicotiana tabacum L. extracted by different solvents against three set of bacteria.

Methods:

Nicotiana tabacum L. was collected from the Western Ethiopia and extracted in seven organic solvents. An in-vitro anti-bacterial activity of plant extracts was carried out by agar well diffusion assay against microbial type culture collection of human pathogens, clinical bacterial isolates, and biofilm forming bacteria. Gas Chromatographic and Mass Spectroscopic (GC-MS) analysis was used to determine the phytochemical constituents.

Results:
Antimicrobial activities of plant extract vary by extraction solvents; and ethyl acetate based extracts showed better antimicrobial activities. Of the experimental organisms, biofilm forming uropathogens were the most sensitive while clinical isolates were quite resistant. Analysis of the active ethyl acetate extract by GC-MS evinced a mixture of five volatile compounds; and Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-, (S) was the major compound detected. The overall results of the present study revealed that N. tabacum L extract has high antimicrobial activities against biofilm forming uropathogens.

Conclusion:
High antimicrobial activity was observed in ethyl acetate extract of N. tabacum against the biofilm forming bacteria whereas the clinically isolated bacteria were the most resistant group. The antibacterial property demonstrated could be due to Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-(S) with a broad spectrum of activity.
Cobb Angle Reduction in a Nearly Skeletally Mature Adolescent (Risser 4) After Pattern-Specific Scoliosis Rehabilitation (PSSR)
Authors: Moramarco Marc , Moramarco Kathryn , Fadzan Maja 
Published: January 2018

Introduction:It has long been said that exercise-based rehabilitation for scoliosis is ineffective, however, these reports studied general exercises. This case report is a prospective one-year follow-up of a nearly skeletally mature adolescent female (Risser 4) with idiopathic scoliosis treated with Pattern-Specific-Scoliosis Rehabilitation (PSSR).Methods:The 15-year old patient recommended for surgery (initial Cobb angle of 45°) completed a 16-hour scoliosis-specific back school (according to Schroth Best Practice®), over the course of five weeks. She continued with her program at home, and followed up with the lead author after 6 months and 1 year.Results:The patient achieved a 13° reduction in her primary thoracic Cobb angle. Postural improvement and reduction in trunk rotation (ATR) was also achieved (-4° in the thoracic spine, and -5° in the lumbar spine).Conclusion:Pattern-specific scoliosis rehabilitation (PSSR) works to reduce the asymmetrical load caused by scoliosis. PSSR is effective in stabilizing Cobb angle, and can, in some cases, reduce Cobb angle in adolescents. Patients recommended for surgery may be candidates for conservative treatment. This case suggests that the practice of discontinuing conservative treatment at Risser stage 4 should be re-evaluated.
A Prospective Cohort Study of AIS Patients with 40° and More Treated with a Gensingen Brace (GBW): Preliminary Results
Authors: Weiss Hans-Rudolf , Tournavitis Nicos , Seibel Sarah , Kleban Alexander 
Published: January 2018

Introduction:
There is a growing resistance from patients and their families to spinal fusion surgery for scoliosis. Due to inconclusive evidence that surgery has a long-term effect on scoliosis and/or improves the quality of life for patients with scoliosis, there is a need to extend the conservative perspective of treatment to patients with curvatures greater than 40 degrees. For that reason, a prospective cohort study was initiated to determine the effectiveness of the Gensingen brace (a Cheneau-style TLSO) in preventing progression in skeletally immature patients.

Materials and Methods:
Since 2011, fifty-five patients have been enrolled in this prospective cohort study. This report includes the mid-term results of twenty-five of these patients, who have a minimum follow-up of 18 months and an average follow-up of 30.4 months (SD 9.2). The twenty-five patients had the following characteristics at the start of treatment: Cobb angle: 49° (SD 8.4; 40º-71º); 12.4 years old (SD 0.82); Risser: 0.84 (SD 0.94; 0-2). A z-test was used to compare the success rate in this cohort to the success rate in the prospective braced cohort from BrAIST.

Results:
After follow-up, the average Cobb angle was 44.2° (SD 12.9). Two patients progressed, 12 patients were able to achieve halted progression, and eleven patients improved. Angle of trunk rotation (ATR) decreased from 12.2 to 10.1 degrees in the thoracic spine (p = 0.11) while the ATR decreased from 4.7 to 3.6 degrees in the lumbar spine (p = 0.0074). When comparing the success rate of the BrAIST cohort with the success rate of patients in this cohort, the difference was statistically significant (z = -3.041; p = 0.01).

Conclusion:
Conservative brace treatment using the Gensingen brace was successful in 92% of cases of patients with AIS of 40 degrees and higher. This is a significant improvement compared to the results attained in the BrAIST study (72%). Reduction of the ATR shows that postural improvement is also possible.
Biceps Tenotomy Does not Affect the Functional Outcomes of Patients Treated with Spacer Implantation Due to Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Maman Eran , Safran Ori , Beyth Shaul , Mozes Gavriel , Dekel Assaf , Michael Bernstein , Chechik Ofir , Adar Eliyahu 
Published: January 2018

Background:Lesions of the long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon are frequently associated with massive rotator cuff tears (RCT) and may be responsible for shoulder pain and disability.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate functional outcomes of arthroscopic biodegradable spacer implantation with or without biceps tenotomy as treatment for persistent shoulder dysfunction and pain due to a massive irreparable RCT.Methods:A total of 48 patients were implanted with the subacromial spacer using arthroscopic approach with or without biceps tenotomy. All patients were assessed for up to 12 months post-implantation and 18 patients were assessed for at least 24 months (and a maximum of 40 months). Improvement in shoulder function was assessed using Constant score.Results:Subacromial spacer implantation was performed arthroscopically in 48 patients. The mean total Constant score increased from 36 at baseline to 67 points at 12 months post implantation. Patients who underwent LHB tenotomy in addition to the subacromial spacer presented similar improvement of their shoulder function and score compared to the group that was treated with the spacer alone.Conclusion:Current study demonstrates that spacer implantation in this patient population provides significant improvement in function and decreases the pain. Additional LHB tenotomy did not influence the postoperative results during the follow-up.
James Bryce and the Australian Constitution
Authors: Gageler Stephen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractJames Bryce was a contemporary of Albert Venn Dicey. Bryce published in 1888 The American Commonwealth. Its detailed description of the practical operation of the United States Constitution was influential in the framing of the Australian Constitution in the 1890s. The project of this article is to shed light on that influence. The article compares and contrasts the views of Bryce and of Dicey; Bryce's views, unlike those of Dicey, having been largely unexplored in contemporary analyses of our constitutional development. It examines the importance of Bryce's views on two particular constitutional mechanisms – responsible government and judicial review – to the development of our constitutional structure. The ongoing theoretical implications of The American Commonwealth for Australian constitutional law remain to be pondered.
Fertile Ground for Federalism? Internal Security, the States and Section 119 of the Constitution
Authors: Stephenson Peta 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSection 119 of the Australian Constitution confers a duty on the Commonwealth to protect the states against invasion. It also directs the Commonwealth to protect the states against domestic violence when an application is made by a state government. This article contends that there are compelling reasons to construe this second limb of s 119 as a federal constraint on the power of the Commonwealth to call out the military domestically. This interpretation of s 119 is consistent with the plain meaning and constitutional context of the provision and it coheres well with the High Court's revival of interpretive federalism.
Regulation Governing the Provision of Credit Assistance and Financial Advice in Australia: A Consumer's Perspective
Authors: North Gill 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFive years ago the global financial crisis threatened the world's financial system and its aftermath wreaked devastation across many parts of the globe. Mis-selling of home mortgages to consumers unable to repay their loans and global sales of financial products linked to residential lending were at the heart of the crisis. Financial reforms governing housing credit frameworks and the selling of complex financial products have ensued within domestic and international spheres. This article reviews the regulatory structures in Australia governing the provision of residential housing mortgages and credit assistance and the provision of financial advice. Its analysis focuses on customer suitability processes, client duties, and remuneration provisions because these legal features significantly influence, and can adversely impact, consumer outcomes. It suggests specific reforms to ensure adequate consumer protection and enhance the consistency and efficacy of the credit framework. It also calls for renewed debate on the remuneration structures of mortgage brokers.