bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANKLE MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING TILTING MOVEMENTS ON A WOBBLE BOARD
Authors: Morita Miho , Urabe Yukio , Fujii Eri , Moriyama Nobuaki , Yamamoto Takahiko , Takeuchi Takuya , Tsutsumi Shogo , Numano Shuhei , Suzuki Yuta , Maeda Noriaki 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundBalance training is a common component of rehabilitation after ankle sprains. A relatively high activity of the peroneus longus (PL) to the activity of the tibialis anterior (TA) (a low TA/PL ratio) is reported as an effective muscle activity pattern during balance training to prevent inversion ankle sprains. To date, no research has investigated ankle muscle activity during tilting movements on a wobble board.ObjectiveTo assess the magnitude of muscle activity of the ankle while inversion and eversion movements of the ankle joint are performed on a wobble board.DesignSingle-session randomized repeated-measures study design.SettingUniversity laboratory.ParticipantsSeventeen young adults (11 females and 6 males) with no history of ankle injury.InterventionsParticipants performed tilting movements on a wobble board in a medial and lateral direction while balancing on their non-dominant leg. The frequency of the movement was set at 40 bpm. Muscle activity of the TA and the PL during five cycles of inversion-eversion movements were collected and stored for analysis.Main Outcome MeasurementsNormalized RMS EMG values (percentage of each participant's maximum voluntary isometric contraction; %MVIC) of the TA and PL, along with TA/PL ration in the inversion (wobble board tilted in the lateral direction) and eversion (wobble board tilted in the medial direction) phase.ResultsThere was a significant difference in muscle activity of the PL (inversion phase; 41.6±15.3%MVIC, eversion phase; 59.2±21.5% MVIC, p<0.01) and TA/PL ratio (inversion phase; 52.6±22.3%, eversion phase; 34.1±16.3%, p<0.01). There was no significant difference in muscle activity of the TA (p>0.05).ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicate that tilting movements on a wobble board in the medial direction (eversion of the ankle joint) may be favorable as an exercise modality after inversion ankle sprains as a high PL activity and a low TA/PL ratio was acquired.
THE FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT TEST 9+ IS A POOR SCREENING TEST FOR LOWER EXTREMITY INJURIES IN PROFESSIONAL MALE FOOTBALL
Authors: Bakken Arnhild , Targett Stephen , Bere Tone , Cristiano Eirale , Aziz Farooq , Johannes Tol , Rod Whiteley , Karim Khan , Roald Bahr 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe Nine Plus screening battery test (9+) is a series of 11 tests, used to assess limitations in fundamental movement patterns assumed to predispose athletes for injury.ObjectiveTo examine the association of the 9+ with lower extremity injuries, and to identify the optimal cut-off point for risk screening.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingProfessional football league.ParticipantsMale professional football players in Qatar.InterventionsThe 9+ test was performed prior to the 2013 and 2014 seasons. Time-loss injuries and exposure in training and matches were registered prospectively by club medical staff during 2 consecutive seasons. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs), risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were calculated to determine sensitivity and specificity, and identify the optimal cut-off point for risk assessment.Main Outcome MeasurementLower extremity injuries.ResultsIn total, 363 players completed the 9+ and had injury and exposure registration. There were 527 injuries among 204 players (56.2%) during the 2 seasons; injuries to the thigh were most frequent. There was no association between 9+ total score and the risk of lower extremity injuries (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.98–1.06;P=0.44), even when adjusted for exposure (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.98–1.12;P=0.21) or other factors in a multivariate analysis (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.97–1.06; P=0.60). ROC curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.48 for lower extremity injury. No optimal cut-off point to distinguish between injured and non-injured players could be determined.ConclusionsThe 9+ total score was not associated with lower extremity injury. The 9+ total score was no better than chance for classifying injured and non-injured players. Therefore, the 9+ test cannot be recommended as a screening tool in this population.
THE USE AND MODIFICATION OF INJURY PREVENTION EXERCISES BY PROFESSIONAL YOUTH SOCCER TEAMS
Authors: O'Brien James , Young Warrren , Finch Caroline 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe efficacy of injury prevention exercise programs (IPEPs) for amateur youth soccer has been established, but little is known about their adaptability to other soccer populations.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the use of individual injury prevention exercises by professional youth soccer teams, against the industry-standard, FIFA 11+ program.DesignProspective observational study.SettingA European professional youth soccer academy.ParticipantsSoccer coaches, fitness coaches and physiotherapists (n=18) from four teams.Data collectionThe teams' chosen IPEPs (total 160 sessions) were observed across one season and documented on a standardized form. The use of each FIFA 11+ exercise was coded as “performed” (in its original form), “performed modified” or “not performed”.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe primary outcome measure was the proportion of the 160 observed sessions containing each individual exercise in original or modified forms. The secondary outcome measure was the staff members' reasons for using and modifying FIFA 11+ exercises.ResultsOn average, individual FIFA 11+ exercises were conducted in original form in 12% of the sessions (range 0–33%), and in modified form in 28% of sessions (range 2–62%). The five most frequently observed exercises, in either original or modified form, were “bench” (72%), “squats” (69%),“running straight” (68%), “single-leg stance” (66%), and “sideways bench” (64%). Staff modified exercises to add variation, progression, and individualization, and to align with specific training formats and goals.ConclusionsProfessional youth soccer teams often use injury prevention exercises similar to those in the FIFA 11+, but tailor them considerably to fit their implementation context. These findings will inform the design and delivery of future, context-specific IPEPs.
CONCUSSIONS IN JAPANESE HIGH SCHOOL RUGBY PLAYERS: RESEARCH ON INJURIES, SYMPTOMS, AND SIGNS
Authors: Otomo Mana , Torii Shun , Yamada Mutsuo , Fukubayashi Toru 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundIn Japan, sports-related concussions have been a subject of active research in recent years. Among sports played in Japan, concussions occur most frequently in rugby football.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the status of concussions in high school rugby players, with the intent of prevention.DesignSubjects were Japanese high school rugby players.SettingThe subjects were evaluated at a clinic in Sugadaira, a revered venue for rugby training in Japan, attended by teams from all over the country. Subjects were 178 high school rugby players who were diagnosed with concussion within 2 hours of injury. Information about the concussion was obtained from the injured player and a witness. Symptoms and disturbances of consciousness after concussion were evaluated using the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3), in an interview format.ResultsA total of 93% of subjects has been injured during a match, and 43% had a history of concussion. The contact site was the head in more than 90% of cases, with the forehead in 38%, the side of the head in 30%, the back of the head in 21%, the top in 5%, and an unknown site in 6%. The concussion occurred while performing a tackle in 61% cases, and when being tackled in 30%; the cause was uncertain in 9% cases. Symptoms were present in 94% of the subjects on SCAT3 evaluation. The most common symptom was headache (84%). Loss of consciousness occurred in only 15%, but 72% had some loss of memory.ConclusionsThe most common circumstance of concussion involved head contact was when tackling an opponent. Concussion was associated with subjective symptoms and the loss of memory more often than the loss of consciousness.
SPORTS AND EXERCISE SAFETY IN FINLAND – LIVE: AN IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM TO SPORT CLUBS AND SCHOOLS
Authors: Parkkari Jari , Pasanen Kati , Jussila Anne-Mari , Oksanen Raija , Ojala Anna , Autio Katariina , Kannus Pekka 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe number of sports injuries has increased in Finland during the past decades. In 2009 there were 337.000 sport injuries in Finland. Children, youth and especially young men are at high risk.ObjectiveThe purpose of the LiVE program is to prevent sports injuries in Finland.DesignProspective cohort.SettingNationwide injury prevention programme.ParticipantsAll sports clubs and elementary schools in Finland.InterventionsMultidisciplinary prevention programme of evidence based methods. Implementation of the national and international study findings are conducted in three main projects; Healthy Athlete (2006–), Safety in School Sports (2010–) and Smart Moves (2014–). The primary target groups are young athletes, their coaches and parents, elementary and vocational school pupils and their teachers. Programs main communication channels are websites: www.terveurheilija.fi, www.tervekoululainen.fi and www.smartmoves.fi.Main Outcome MeasurementsNumber of sports injuries in Finland.ResultsThe program has educated over 80 tutors and 50 sports nutritionist. The Tutor Network and Sport Nutrition Society share the same education materials and injury prevention strategies. Purposes of networks are to implement preventive strategies against sport injuries among target groups by offering education and counselling by local experts. LiVE program has also introduced itself to projects' target groups in numerous events and organized several seminars. LiVE websites and expert intranet offers a large source of information and practical tools. Nationwide number of injuries will be monitored next time in the beginning of the year 2017.ConclusionsSuccessful development and implementation of preventive strategies against sports injuries are likely to reduce athletes' health problems, sport, work and school absenteeism, and medical costs. This study shows the that an implementation program can be introduced nationwide. Future studies will determine the effects of the LiVE programme on the number of injuries.
HELMET FIT IN YOUTH ICE HOCKEY
Authors: Patton Declan , Blackmore Shelby , Hagel Brent , Emery Carolyn 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundAppropriate helmet fit is thought to contribute to the protective effect of helmets in reducing the risk of concussion in sports. Only one previous study has evaluated helmet fit in youth ice hockey; however, inter-rater reliability was not assessed.ObjectiveTo evaluate helmet fit in youth ice hockey players and assess inter-rater reliability of helmet fit criteria.DesignSelf-report and observational evaluations.Setting2016 Hockey Calgary Summer Day Camps.ParticipantsCanadian youth (11–18 years) ice hockey players.MethodsHelmet fit criteria were developed from previously published ice hockey, skiing, snowboarding and motorcycle helmet fit criteria. A total of 60 players underwent self-report and observational helmet fit evaluations by two independent assessors. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using descriptive statistics and Cohen's kappa coefficient.ResultsMost players rated helmet fit (90%) and comfort (87%) as ‘excellent’ or ‘good’. Most helmets (93%) and cages (84%) displayed the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) sticker or stamp. Only 23% of players satisfied all helmet fit criteria for both assessors; however, 70% of players failed three or fewer criteria across the evaluations of both assessors. The most commonly failed helmet fit criterion was ‘crown of helmet is 1–2 fingers above eyebrows’, which was failed by 22% of players. For inter-rater reliability, the most commonly disputed helmet fit criterion was ‘helmet does not cover eyes when pressing down’, which was disagreed upon by the assessors for 33% of players; however, all other criteria were agreed upon for over 80% of players. Substantial agreement (K>0.8) was found for 19% of helmet fit criteria, whereas 50% of criteria had little agreement beyond chance (K<0.2).ConclusionsThe majority of youth ice hockey players did not satisfy all helmet fit criteria for both assessors. The association between helmet fit and concussion needs to be investigated.
INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF INJURIES IN BRAZILIAN ELITE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Pimenta Rafael M , Junior Luiz C Hespanhol , Neto João A Grangeiro , Lopes Alexandre D 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundVolleyball can be considered one of the most popular sports. Prospective studies aimed at investigating the incidence and risk factors of volleyball injuries are scarce.ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and risk factors for volleyball injuries among Brazilian elite volleyball players.Design20-week prospective cohort study.SettingBrazilian elite national league (2015–2016).Participants13 Brazilian elite volleyball teams (208 players): 7 male teams (116 players) and 6 female teams (92 players).Assessment of Risk FactorsVolleyball exposure (hours and sessions of training, strength training and number of matches) and injuries were recorded weekly by the medical team.Main Outcome MeasurementsInjury during the follow-up period.Results196 injuries were reported among 96 athletes. The overall injury incidence was 4.8 injuries/1000 hours of training and 18.6 injuries/1000 matches. Overuse injuries (65.3%, n=128) were more common than acute injuries (33.7%, n=66). Knee (28.5%, n=50) and shoulder (9.8%, n=19) were the body regions most affected by overuse injuries. Ankle (6.2%, n=12) and shoulder (5.6%, n=11) were the body regions most affected by acute injuries. Tendinopathy (23.7%, n=46) was the overuse injury type most observed, and ankle sprain (7.2%, n=12) was the acute injury type most observed. Female athletes (OR: 0.50, CI 95%: 0.31–0.80) and additional training sessions (OR: 0.74, CI 95%: 0.60–0.91) were associated with a lower risk of injury. Previous injury (OR: 2.18, CI 95%: 1.40–3.38), and an additional hour of training (OR: 1.18, CI 95%: 1.05–1.32) were associated with a higher risk of injury.ConclusionsThis study showed that male gender, an additional hour of training, and a history of previous injury were the most significant risk factors for developing a new injury. However, additional training session was associated with lower considered risk of injury.
OVERUSE PROBLEMS IN ICELANDIC MALE HANDBALL
Authors: Rafnsson Elis Thor , Myklebust Grethe , Bahr Roald , Frohm Anna , Valdimarsson Ornolfur , Arnason Arni 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe majority of studies in handball register only time loss injuries. From previous studies and our experience working with handball players we know that playing with overuse problems are common and such symptoms can affect their performance.ObjectiveTo register the prevalence of overuse problems in low back, knee and dominant shoulder among Icelandic male handball players using questionnaire designed by OSTRC in Oslo, Norway.DesignProspective cohort study. Players from the two highest division in Iceland were invited.SettingIcelandic elite male handball players.Patients (or Participants)Out of 14 elite male handball teams invited, totally 229 players from 13 teams participated. The first questionnaire was answered by 206 players; 137 answered the final one.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)The questionnaire was distributed sixteen times to players via e-mail, every second week from September 25th 2012 to April 22nd 2013.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe prevalence of overuse problems (every problems registered) and substantial problems (problems affecting performance or participation) were calculated for knee, low back and dominant shoulder. This was done for each questionnaire by dividing the number of players that reported problems (overuse or substantial overuse) by the total number of respondents.ResultsThe response ratio was 71.5%. During the research period 91% of participants reported overuse problems and 61% reported substantial overuse problems. The average prevalence of overuse problems was 34% (31–37 95% CI), varying from 21–47%, highest during the pre-season period (September 25th to October 8th). The average prevalence of substantial overuse problems was 12% (10–14 95% CI), varying from 6–15% over the research period.ConclusionsSubstantial overuse problems are constantly affecting many players during the season. High prevalence in the first two questionnaires raises speculations about the training methods during the pre-season.
A 12MM, IN-SHOE ORTHOTIC HEEL LIFT ADDED TO STANDARD RUNNING SHOES LOWERS ACHILLES TENDON LOADING
Authors: Bartold Simon 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundOrthotic heel lifts are thought to lower tension in the Achilles tendon, but the evidence supporting this is equivocal.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of a 12 mm in-shoe orthotic heel lift on Achilles tendon loading using transmission mode ultrasonography.DesignControlled study.SettingLaboratory.Patients (or Participants)12 active males.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)The propagation speed of ultrasound, which is governed by the elastic modulus and density of tendon and proportional to the tensile load to which it is exposed, was measured in 12 recreationally active men, during shod treadmill walking at matched speeds (3.4 +/− 0.7 km/h), with and without the addition of a heel lift. Vertical ground reaction forces and spatiotemporal gait parameters were simultaneously recorded. Data were acquired at 100 Hz during 10 seconds of steady state walking.Main Outcome MeasurementsUltrasound transmission speed maxima (P1, P2) and minima (M1,M2) in the Achilles tendon, vertical ground reaction force peaks, step length, and cadence.ResultsUltrasound transmission speed in the Achilles tendon was characterised by 2 maxima (P1,P2) and minima (M1,M2) during walking. Addition of a heel lift to footwear resulted in a 2% increase and a 2% decrease in the first vertical ground reaction force peak and the local minimum respectively (P< 0.05). Ultrasonic velocity in the Achilles tendon (P1, P2, M2) was significantly lower with the addition of an orthotic heel lift (P<0.5).ConclusionsPeak ultrasound transmission speed in the Achilles tendon was lower with the addition of a 12 mm orthotic heel lift, indicating that the heel lift reduced tensile load in the Achilles tendon, thereby counteracting the effect of footwear observed in previous studies. These findings support the addition of orthotic heel lifts to footwear in the rehabilitation of Achilles tendon disorders where management aims to lower tension within the tendon.
THE EFFICACY OF FIFA 11+OVER A 6-YEAR PERIOD, IN ADOLESCENT FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Saho Yasuaki , Kato Haruyasu , Chikako Nakahori , Ikeda Hiroshi , Fukubayashi Toru 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundFIFA 11+ program has been shown to reduce the risk of injury in football players, but it has not been evaluated in adolescent Japanese players.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of FIFA 11+on the risk of injury in adolescent Japanese football players.DesignCohort study.SettingSix male and 4 female Japanese Under-18 (age: 16–18 yr.) and Under-15 (age: 13–15 yr.) football teams were followed for six seasons (from 2010 to 2015). The 2010 season was considered as the control season, with the players practicing their usual warm-up techniques. Throughout the seasons from 2011 to 2015, the players exclusively performed FIFA 11+; these 5 seasons were considered the intervention seasons.ParticipantsA total of 2,344 athletes (1,815 male, 529 female; age: 12–18 yr.).InterventionsFIFA 11+program was conducted at least twice per week, throughout the intervention seasons.Main Outcome MeasurementsFor each of the three categories: football [matches+trainings], matches, and trainings, the injury rates were reported as the number of injuries per 1000 player-hours (1000PH).ResultsIn males, the injury rate during football, the matches, and the trainings were 4.0, 8.9, and 3.4 in the control season, and 2.4, 6.9, and 1.8 in intervention seasons (mean values from 2011 to 2015), respectively. In females, the injury rates during football, the matches, and the trainings were 2.7, 2.2, and 7.5 in the control season, and 3.1, 2.6, and 8.9 in intervention seasons (mean values from 2011 to 2015).The injury rates were reduced significantly in the intervention seasons, compared with the control season in males, but not in females. Non-contact injuries were significantly reduced in both genders.ConclusionsFIFA 11+program reduced the risk of injury in adolescent Japanese male football players, and reduced non-contact injuries in adolescent Japanese female football players.
RESTRICTION IN HIP INTERNAL ROTATION AND 5TH METATARSAL STRESS FRACTURES (JONES FRACTURE) IN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Saita Yoshitomo , Nagao Masashi , Kobayashi Yohei , Kobayashi Keiji , Ikada Hiroshi 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundFifth metatarsal stress fracture (Jones fracture) is one of the issues of sports-related injuries.ObjectiveExploration of unknown risk factor for developing Jones fractures.DesignCase control study.SettingRetrospective cohort study in male Japanese professional football (soccer) players.Patients (or Participants)Case control study conducted between with (n=20) and without (n=40) the history of Jones fractures.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Reviewed the medical check data regarding the joint and muscle tightness at the time they joined the team, and compared them between two groups.Main Outcome MeasurementsRisk factors to develop developing Jones fracture.ResultsThe mean age sustaining Jones fracture was 20.5 years old (95% CI, 19.1–21.8, range 17–28). The fracture occurred in their non-dominant (standing) legs in 60% (12/20) of players. Among the physical examination data, Hip internal rotation (HIR) was significantly restricted in players with history of Jones fracture (25.9 degrees on average) compared with those without Jones fractures (40.4 degrees, p<0.0001). Logistic regression demonstrated that the wider range of HIR was associated with a statistically significantly decreased odds of Jones fracture (OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.75–0.91), while other physical examination data were not significant. A post-estimation analyses demonstrated that a 10-degree reduction in HIR of the right hip significantly increased the odds of Jones fracture in ipsilateral or contralateral foot (OR=3.11, 95% CI=1.35–7.16, and OR=2.24, 95% CI=1.22–4.12, respectively). Similarly, a reduction in HIR of the left hip significantly increased the odds of Jones fracture in ipsilateral or contralateral foot (OR=2.77, 95% CI=1.08–7.08, and OR=4.88, 95% CI=1.56–15.28, respectively).ConclusionsRestriction of HIR was significantly associated with increased risk of Jones fracture in professional football players in Japan.