bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing Relationships between Mean State Biases and El Niño Shortwave Feedback in CMIP5 Models
Authors: Ferrett Samantha , Collins Matthew , Ren Hong-Li 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe rate of damping of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) associated with El Niño events by surface shortwave heat fluxes has significant biases in current coupled climate models [phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5)]. Of 33 CMIP5 models, 16 have shortwave feedbacks that are weakly negative in comparison to observations, or even positive, resulting in a tendency of amplification of SSTAs. Two biases in the cloud response to El Niño SSTAs are identified and linked to significant mean state biases in CMIP5 models. First, cool mean SST and reduced precipitation are linked to comparatively less cloud formation in the eastern equatorial Pacific during El Niño events, driven by a weakened atmospheric ascent response. Second, a spurious reduction of cloud driven by anomalous surface relative humidity during El Niño events is present in models with more stable eastern Pacific mean atmospheric conditions and more low cloud in the mean state. Both cloud response biases contribute to a weak negative shortwave feedback or a positive shortwave feedback that amplifies El Niño SSTAs. Differences between shortwave feedback in the coupled models and the corresponding atmosphere-only models (AMIP) are also linked to mean state differences, consistent with the biases found between different coupled models. Shortwave feedback bias can still persist in AMIP, as a result of persisting weak shortwave responses to anomalous cloud and weak cloud responses to atmospheric ascent. This indicates the importance of bias in the atmosphere component to coupled model feedback and mean state biases.
A cross-sectional study of ethnicity-based differences in treatment seeking for symptoms of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Iacoe Emma , Ratner Pamela A , Wong Sabrina T , Mackay Martha H 
Published: November 2017

Background: Patient-related delays in acquiring medical care for symptoms of acute coronary syndrome remain unacceptably long. Many clinical and sociodemographic characteristics associated with treatment-seeking delay are known; however, ethnicity has not been extensively evaluated. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine ethnicity-based differences in the time-to-treatment-seeking intervals of patients experiencing symptoms of acute coronary syndrome. Method: Data for this descriptive study were collected for the larger Acute Coronary Syndrome Care in Emergency Departments (ASCEND) study. The larger study is a prospective, observational study in which patients presenting to hospital emergency departments and triaged as having symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome are identified. The primary outcome of this study, the time-to-treatment-seeking interval, was defined as the time between symptom onset and treatment seeking. The predictor variable, ethnicity, was measured with self-reported data and categorised as Chinese, South Asian, or ‘Other’ ethnic group. Participants in the ‘Other’ ethnic group were predominantly of European ancestry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were undertaken, along with nonparametric testing. Results: The study sample consisted of 419 participants: 36 Chinese, 126 South Asian, and 257 ‘Other’ participants. The median time-to-treatment-seeking interval, for the total sample, was 180 minutes. A Kruskal–Wallis test demonstrated no statistically significant differences in the time-to-treatment-seeking intervals by ethnicity. Conclusion: No ethnicity-based differences in the time-to-treatment-seeking intervals for symptoms of acute coronary syndrome were found. It is possible that Chinese and South Asian patients living in western countries are more aware of the potential signs and symptoms of acute coronary syndrome or feel more confident to access healthcare services than they have been previously.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Inhibiting the microglia activation improves the spatial memory and adult neurogenesis in rat hippocampus during 48 h of sleep deprivation
Authors: Wadhwa Meetu , Prabhakar Amit , Ray Koushik , Roy Koustav , Kumari Punita , Jha Prabhash Kumar , Kishore Krishna , Kumar Sanjeev , Panjwani Usha 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Background
Sleep deprivation (SD) leads to cognitive impairment. Neuroinflammation could be a significant contributing factor in the same. An increase in regional brain pro-inflammatory cytokines induces cognitive deficits, however, the magnitude of the effect under SD is not apparent. It is plausible that microglia activation could be involved in the SD-induced cognitive impairment by modulation of neuronal cell proliferation, differentiation, and brain-derived neuronal factor (BDNF) level. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible beneficial effect of minocycline in amelioration of spatial memory decline during SD by its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions. We scrutinized the effect of minocycline on the inflammatory cytokine levels associated with glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) activity and neurogenesis markers crucial for behavioral functions during SD.

Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230–250 g were sleep deprived for 48 h using automated cage shaking apparatus. The spatial memory was tested using MWM apparatus immediately after completion of SD with and without minocycline. The animals were euthanized, blood was collected, and brain was extracted for neuroinflammation and neurogenesis studies. The set of experiments were also conducted with use of temozolomide, a neurogenesis blocker.

Results
Minocycline treatment increased the body weight, food intake, and spatial memory performance which declined during SD. It reduced the pro-inflammatory and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in hippocampus and plasma and inhibited the reactive gliosis in the hippocampus evidenced by improved cell count, morphology, and immunoreactivity. Additionally, minocycline administration promoted neurogenesis at different stages: proliferation (BrdU, Ki-67), differentiation (DCX) cells and growth factor (BDNF). However, no significant change was observed in maturation (NeuN) during SD. In addition, molecules related to behavior, inflammation, and neurogenesis were shown to be more affected after temozolomide administration during SD, and changes were restored with minocycline treatment. We observed a significant correlation of neurogenesis with microglial activation, cytokine levels, and spatial memory during SD.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrated that the SD-induced decline in spatial memory, neuronal cells proliferation, differentiation, and BDNF level could be attributed to upregulation of neuroinflammatory molecules, and minocycline may be an effective intervention to counteract these changes.

Graphical abstract
Microglial activation is involved in SD-induced changes in inflammatory molecules, neurogenesis, and spatial memory.
Novel functions of LHX2 and PAX6 in the developing telencephalon revealed upon combined loss of both genes
Authors: Godbole Geeta , Roy Achira , Shetty Ashwin S. , Tole Shubha 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Patterning of the telencephalic neuroepithelium is a tightly regulated process controlled by transcription factors and signalling molecules. The cortical primordium is flanked by two signalling centres, the hem medially, and the antihem laterally. The hem induces the formation of the hippocampus in adjacent neuroepithelium. Therefore, the position of the hem defines the position of the hippocampus in the brain. The antihem is positioned at the boundary between the dorsal and ventral telencephalon and proposed to provide patterning cues during development.
LIM-homeodomain (LIM-HD) transcription factor LHX2 suppresses both hem and antihem fate in the cortical neuroepithelium. Upon loss of Lhx2, medial cortical neuroepithelium is transformed into hem, whereas lateral cortical neuroepithelium is transformed into antihem. Here, we show that transcription factor PAX6, known to regulate patterning of the lateral telencephalon, restricts this tissue from transforming into hem upon loss of Lhx2. When Lhx2 and Pax6 are both deleted, the cortical hem expands to occupy almost the complete extent of the cortical primordium, indicating that both factors act to suppress hem fate in the lateral telencephalon. Furthermore, the shift in the pallial-subpallial boundary and absence of the antihem, observed in the Pax6 mutant, are both restored in the Lhx2; Pax6 double mutant.
Together, these results not only reveal a novel function for LHX2 in regulating dorsoventral patterning in the telencephalon, but also identify PAX6 as a fundamental regulator of where the hem can form, and therefore implicate this molecule as a determinant of hippocampal positioning.
Rapid isolation and expansion of skin-derived precursor cells from human primary fibroblast cultures
Authors: Budel Leithe , Djabali Karima 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Skin-derived precursor (SKP) cells have self-renewal and multipotent abilities and are found in the dermis. SKP cells have been isolated previously from pre-established dermal fibroblast cultures. In these procedures, long-term culture and low yield remain the crucial aspects requiring improvement. In this study, we exposed pre-established dermal fibroblasts to 30-min acid stress prior to isolating SKP cells (termed pH-SKP) and compared the yield to the previously published trypsin- and no-stress methods. Spheroid formation was confirmed and analyzed at days 3, 5 and 7. Stemness was investigated by immunohistochemistry for the stem cell markers Nestin, CD9, vimentin and NG2. Multipotency was investigated by differentiation into adipocytes, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The pH-SKP spheroid yield at day 5 was four- and threefold higher than those obtained using trypsin- and no-stress methods, respectively. The expression of stem cell markers Nestin, CD9, vimentin and NG2 were significantly expressed in pH-SKPs compared to the fibroblast origin. Successful pH-SKP spheroid formation and differentiation were achieved and validated in 11 distinct human primary fibroblast lines. These results demonstrate that acute acidic stress treatment of dermal fibroblast cultures greatly improves SKP isolation, growth, yield and multipotency compared to previous methods.
Selector genes display tumor cooperation and inhibition inDrosophilaepithelium in a developmental context-dependent manner
Authors: Gupta Ram Prakash , Bajpai Anjali , Sinha Pradip 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTDuring animal development, selector genes determine identities of body segments and those of individual organs. Selector genes are also misexpressed in cancers, although their contributions to tumor progression per se remain poorly understood. Using a model of cooperative tumorigenesis, we show that gain of selector genes results in tumor cooperation, but in only select developmental domains of the wing, haltere and eye-antennal imaginal discs of Drosophila larva. Thus, the field selector, Eyeless (Ey), and the segment selector, Ultrabithorax (Ubx), readily cooperate to bring about neoplastic transformation of cells displaying somatic loss of the tumor suppressor, Lgl, but in only those developmental domains that express the homeo-box protein, Homothorax (Hth), and/or the Zinc-finger protein, Teashirt (Tsh). In non-Hth/Tsh-expressing domains of these imaginal discs, however, gain of Ey in lgl− somatic clones induces neoplastic transformation in the distal wing disc and haltere, but not in the eye imaginal disc. Likewise, gain of Ubx in lgl− somatic clones induces transformation in the eye imaginal disc but not in its endogenous domain, namely, the haltere imaginal disc. Our results reveal that selector genes could behave as tumor drivers or inhibitors depending on the tissue contexts of their gains.
Tropical Drosophila ananassae of wet-dry seasons show cross resistance to heat, drought and starvation
Authors: Lambhod Chanderkala , Pathak Ankita , Munjal Ashok K. , Parkash Ravi 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Plastic responses to multiple environmental stressors in wet or dry seasonal populations of tropical Drosophila species have received less attention. We tested plastic effects of heat hardening, acclimation to drought or starvation, and changes in trehalose, proline and body lipids in Drosophila ananassae flies reared under wet or dry season-specific conditions. Wet season flies revealed significant increase in heat knockdown, starvation resistance and body lipids after heat hardening. However, accumulation of proline was observed only after desiccation acclimation of dry season flies while wet season flies elicited no proline but trehalose only. Therefore, drought-induced proline can be a marker metabolite for dry-season flies. Further, partial utilization of proline and trehalose under heat hardening reflects their possible thermoprotective effects. Heat hardening elicited cross-protection to starvation stress. Stressor-specific accumulation or utilization as well as rates of metabolic change for each energy metabolite were significantly higher in wet-season flies than dry-season flies. Energy metabolite changes due to inter-related stressors (heat versus desiccation or starvation) resulted in possible maintenance of energetic homeostasis in wet- or dry-season flies. Thus, low or high humidity-induced plastic changes in energy metabolites can provide cross-protection to seasonally varying climatic stressors.
Leucine-rich repeat-containing 8B protein is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak in HEK293 cells
Authors: Ghosh Arijita , Khandelwal Nitin , Kumar Arvind , Bera Amal Kanti 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Leucine-rich repeat-containing 8 (LRRC8) proteins have been proposed to evolutionarily originate from the combination of the channel protein pannexin, and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain. Five paralogs of LRRC8, namely LRRC8A, LRRC8B, LRRC8C, LRRC8D and LRRC8E have been reported. LRRC8A has been shown to be instrumental in cell swelling. Here, we identify LRRC8B as a key player in the cellular Ca2+ signaling network. Overexpression of human LRRC8B in HEK293 cells reduced the Ca2+ level in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). LRRC8B-overexpressing cells exhibited a lesser release of Ca2+ from the ER in response to ATP, carbachol and intracellular administration of inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate (IP3). LRRC8B-knockdown cells showed a slower depletion of the ER Ca2+ stores when sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase was blocked with thapsigargin (TG), while overexpression of LRRC8B had the opposite effect. LRRC8B-overexpressing cells exhibited a higher level of store-operated Ca2+ entry following store-depletion by TG. Collectively, LRRC8B participates in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis by acting as a leak channel in the ER. This study gives a fundamental understanding of the role of a novel protein in the elemental cellular process of ER Ca2+ leak and expands the known roles for LRRC8 proteins.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Abortion Knowledge and Experiences Among U.S. Servicewomen: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Grindlay Kate , Seymour Jane W. , Fix Laura , Reiger Sarah , Keefe‐Oates Brianna , Grossman Daniel 
Published: November 2017

CONTEXTU.S. servicewomen have a higher rate of unintended pregnancy than civilian women, yet the military does not provide or cover abortion, except in limited circumstances. Servicewomen's experiences with abortion care have received little research attention.METHODSTwenty‐one in‐depth interviews with servicewomen who had had an abortion during active‐duty service in the prior two years were conducted between January 2015 and July 2016. Women reported on their experiences accessing abortion, as well as their knowledge and opinions of the military's abortion policy. Data were analyzed thematically using inductive and deductive codes.RESULTSIn regard to their pregnancy and abortion experiences, servicewomen cited concerns about confidentiality, stigma and negative effects on their career, which prevented half of participants from seeking care from the military. Of those who visited a military treatment facility during pregnancy, some reported feeling upset or abandoned by the lack of options counseling and referral. Women reported that the military's abortion policy had negative health and emotional consequences for servicewomen, and negative financial and logistical consequences for both servicewomen and the military. Most did not have accurate knowledge of the abortion policy. Upon learning the law, the majority believed that the military should provide and cover abortion; yet, servicewomen also expressed apprehension about the military's involvement in abortion care, because of concerns about privacy and negative effects on women's careers.CONCLUSIONSPolicy recommendations to better meet the needs of servicewomen include wider dissemination of the military's abortion policy, establishing abortion referral and support guidelines, and improving confidentiality in military health services.
Facilitating Design to Engage in Social Behaviour Change for Environmental Benefit
Authors: Sharma Satyakam , Siu Kin Wai Michael 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Social interventions emerging from the field of social psychology and sociology have been quite effective in fostering sustainable behaviour and have thus inspired the interest of designers and creative idealists in exploring social ways of changing behaviour for environmental benefit. Although the significance of the social dimension to behaviour change is well recognized, it lacks in-depth understanding and support, which can enable designers to engage in the process of social behaviour change to meet sustainability objectives. Based on a study of four effectively implemented cases of gamified behaviour change programmes (GBCPs), this article presents insights into the mechanics of social behaviour change, particularly the process through which these (social) game-based interventions prepare, motivate, transform and incubate behaviour under the influence of a social setting. The study provides a breakdown of the entire process of change into its individual elements (phenomena, activities, processes, etc.) and how these elements collectively constitute an influential social environment that motivates participants to adopt and perform desired sustainable actions in a playful way. This understanding of the mechanics of the GBCPs provides some essential touch points for designers and social entrepreneurs to engage in social behaviour change to meet sustainability objectives.
Teaching Biology Practical Lessons in Secondary Schools: A Case Study of Five Mzilikazi District Secondary Schools in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mwangu Edson C. , Sibanda Lwazi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe study examined how teachers teach Biology practical lessons at Ordinary Level in Mzilikazi District Secondary Schools of Bulawayo Metropolitan Province. Qualitative approach and case study design were adopted. Data was collected using document analysis and semi-structured interviews conducted with purposively selected five Biology teachers, five Heads of Science Department from five schools, and one Science Subject Inspector. Data were thematically analysed. The study revealed that teachers used both teacher-centred and student-centred methods in teaching Biology practical lessons and various factors constrained the teaching of practical lessons. The study concluded that some Biology teachers in selected schools did not conduct practical lessons in line with the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education expectations. The study recommends that the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education should continue equipping teachers with knowledge and skills of teaching Biology practical lessons through workshops and other staff development programmes.
Acute Peritonitis Caused by Propionibacterium Acnes in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient
Authors: Basic-Jukic Nikolina , Furic-Cunko Vesna , Juric Ivana , Katalinic Lea , Rukavina Ana , Kocman Monika , Knezevic Tamara 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive human skin commensal that is involved in the pathogenesis of acne and prefers anaerobic growth conditions. It has been considered as a low virulence pathogen in different clinical conditions. We present the case of acute peritonitis caused by Propionibacterium acnes in a peritoneal dialysis patient.
Factors Influencing Green Roof Development in Recife, Brazil
Authors: Lemos Ana Letícia B. F. , Kauškale Linda 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In Recife, Brazil, population growth and development of buildings in the Central region generated an increase of almost 70% in the last 20 years due to the large number of companies that have been allocated in the city generating an increase in the local economy and the significant population increase, creating huge heat islands. Due to this, a new technology has been implemented in the real estate market: The green roofs, a technology of sustainable coverage that allows implantation of soil and vegetation in a waterproofed layer on the constructions. The benefits of this technology include the reduction of temperature by consumption of CO2, a good option for storing rainwater for nonpotable purposes and the possibility of growing organic vegetable gardens for own consumption or sale, generating a new form of income. The aim of the research is to evaluate the factors that interfere with the introduction of sustainable coverage technology of green roofs in the present siting of the city. In this article, the factors that interfere with the implementation of green roof technology in the present siting of the city will be evaluated, focusing on the analysis of internal and external influencing factor. Comparison, historical, statistical data analysis, induction, logical access methods and external and internal influencing factor analysis were used in the research besides the practical development of arguments and graphical representation of research results.
UNsatisfied? The Rocky Path to NATO Membership – Bosnia and Herzegovina: A New Approach in Understanding the Challenges
Authors: Preljević Hamza 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
NATO’s enlargement in the Western Balkans (WB) has been the focus of a number of debates for almost two decades. Opinions and positions regarding this question range from serious doubts, criticisms and opportunistic press releases to enthusiastic support for membership. This paper assesses Bosnian reforms and policy changes, as well as the country’s efforts to join NATO. Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) has made significant steps in moving towards NATO’s military and political standards, but not sufficiently. Although BiH is viewed by some observers as a country approaching the point of joining the Membership Action Plan (MAP), this prospect remains uncertain. The findings of this research suggest that BiH is different from other WB countries and that it is not suitable for understanding the NATO integration challenges in the WB. In order to understand Bosnian ‘specifics’, it is necessary not only to view the challenges through the prism of technical and other domestic issues in BiH. A wider approach must be adopted. Through understanding the Bosnian specifics, the dilemmas related to the NATO membership of BiH become more obvious and clear. Bosnian specifics illustrate why BiH is not able to take significant steps towards long-term stabilization and NATO membership.