bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection of Fusion-Site Overhang Sets for High-Fidelity and High-Complexity Golden Gate Assembly
Authors: Lohman Gregory J. S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Golden Gate Assembly depends on the accurate ligation of overhangs at fragment fusion sites to generate full-length products with all parts in the desired order. Traditionally, fusion-site sequences are selected by using validated sets of overhang sequences or by applying a handful of semi-empirical rules to guide overhang choice. While these approaches allow dependable assembly of 6–8 fragments in one pot, recent work has demonstrated that comprehensive measurement of ligase fidelity allows prediction of high-fidelity junction sets that enable much more complex assemblies of 12, 24, or even 36+ fragments in a single reaction that will join with high accuracy and efficiency. In this chapter, we outline the application of a set of online tools that apply these comprehensive datasets to the analysis of existing junction sets, the de novo selection of new high-fidelity overhang sets, the modification and expansion of existing sets, and the principles for dividing known sequences at an arbitrary number of high-fidelity breakpoints.
Robotic female artificial urinary sphincter implantation vs. male artificial urinary sphincter implantation for non-neurogenic stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Dubois Alexandre , Lethuillier Valentine , Richard Claire , Haudebert Camille , Bentellis Imad , EL-Akri Mehdi , Freton Lucas , Manunta Andrea , Hascoet Juliette , Peyronnet Benoit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Previous studies suggested better functional outcomes and longer device survival for female artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation compared to male AUS implantation. We hypothesized that the adoption of robotic approaches for female implantation might have influenced these comparisons. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of robotic female AUS and male AUS implantation for non-neurogenic stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed charts of male patients who had AUS implantation and female patients who underwent robotic AUS implantation for non-neurogenic SUI between 2010 and 2022 at a single center. Prior AUS implantations were exclusion criteria. The primary endpoint was continence status at 3 months, categorized as complete resolution of SUI (0 pad), improved SUI (1pad), or unchanged SUI (>1pad).

Results
After excluding 79 patients, 171 were included: 70 women and 101 men. Operative time was shorter in males (126.9 vs. 165.5 min; p < 0.0001). Postoperative complication rates were similar (17.3% vs. 22.9%; p = 0.38). Continence status at 3 months and last follow-up favored females. The ICIQ-SF decrease at 3 months was greater in females (-7.2 vs. -4.6; p < 0.001). The 5-year estimated explantation-free survival was similar (78.6% vs. 73.7%; p = 0.94) as was the revision-free survival (67.4% vs. 61.7%; p = 0.89). Multivariate analysis showed that female gender was associated with better continence at last follow-up (OR = 4.3; p = 0.03).

Conclusion
Robotic female AUS implantation is associated with better functional outcomes than male AUS implantation, with similar morbidity and survival rates.
Postoperative rectovaginal fistula: stoma may not be necessary—a French retrospective cohort
Authors: Poitevin Maëlig , Hamel Jean-Francois , Ngoma Marie , Brochard Charlène , Duchalais Emilie , Siproudhis Laurent , Faucheron Jean-Luc , de Parades Vincent , Alves Arnaud , Cotte Eddy , Ouaissi Mehdi , Bridoux Valérie , Corbière Lisa , Ortega-Deballon Pablo , Abo-Alhassan Fawaz , Trilling Bertrand , Venara Aurélien 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Postoperative rectovaginal fistula leads to a loss of patients’ quality of life and presents significant challenges to the surgeon. The literature focusing specifically on postoperative rectovaginal fistulas is limited. The objective of the present study is to identify factors that can enhance the success of the management of this postoperative rectovaginal fistula.

Methods
This retrospective multicentric study included all patients undergoing surgery for rectovaginal fistulas, excluding those for whom the etiology of rectovaginal fistula was not postoperative. The major outcome measure was the success of the procedure.

Results
A total of 82 patients with postsurgical fistulas were identified, of whom 70 were successfully treated, giving a success rate of 85.4%. On average, these patients required 3.04 ± 2.72 interventions. The creation of a diversion stoma did not increase the success rate of management [odds ratio (OR) = 0.488; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.107–2.220]. Among the 217 procedures performed, 69 were successful, accounting for a 31.8% success rate. The number of interventions and the creation of a diversion stoma did not correlate with the success of management. However, direct coloanal anastomosis was significantly associated with success (OR = 35.06; 95% CI 1.271–997.603; p = 0.036) as compared with endorectal advancement flap (ERAF). Other procedures such as Martius flap did not show a significantly higher success rate.

Conclusion
The creation of a diversion stoma is not necessary in closing a fistula. ERAF should be considered as a first-line treatment prior to proposing more invasive approach such as direct coloanal anastomosis.
Guilt aversion and moral commitment: Eve versus Adam
Authors: Di Bartolomeo Giovanni , Dufwenberg Martin , Papa Stefano , Razzolini Laura 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe explore gender differences in individuals’ motivations. We focus on guilt aversion and moral commitment. Our experiment supports the idea that men are more guilt-averse than women, while moral motivations drive more women's actions in a random dictator game with pre-play communication.
S. Stefano al Monte Celio, Donnchad mac Briain and papal legates in Ireland, 1064–1203
Authors: Harrington Jesse P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn 1064, Donnchad mac Briain, son of Brian Bóroma and deposed claimant to the kingship of Ireland, went on pilgrimage to Rome, where he was buried in the important basilica and martyr shrine of S. Stefano Rotondo on the Caelian Hill. More than a century later, in the transformative period 1176–1203 which followed the English conquest of Ireland, the papal legati a latere sent with full legatine authority and jurisdiction in Ireland appear to have been drawn exclusively from the church of S. Stefano. This article first considers the circumstances and symbolism of Donnchad's pilgrimage and burial, alongside its long-term impact on Hiberno-Papal relations and on the papacy's conceptions of Irish sovereignty in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. It also explores the careers and missions of the cardinal priests and papal legates of S. Stefano to the peripheries of Latin Christendom in the long twelfth century, including at least one legate in Ireland, Gerard, who has hitherto awaited formal identification. Based on the legatine evidence, it suggests that in the decades of the English invasion, the papacy began using the burial site of the heir to arguably the last effective king of Ireland as part of a conscious and consistent rhetorical strategy, allowing it to dispose matters of sovereignty in Ireland.
Black spirituals for Irish evangelicals: the Fisk Jubilee Singers’ Irish tours, 1873–6
Authors: Doyle Mark 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFrom 1873 to 1876, the Fisk Jubilee Singers, an African-American choral troupe from Nashville, Tennessee visited Ireland three times. This article details their experiences and impressions of the country, focusing especially on the relationship they forged with their Irish evangelical sponsors and audiences. While the Jubilee Singers’ story is typically told as an inspirational tale of triumph over adversity, this article argues that there is another way of framing the narrative that emphasises the centrality of evangelical Protestantism to the Jubilee Singers’ mission. The Irish tours brought this dimension into full relief, demonstrating how evangelicalism fostered a degree of mutual understanding between the singers and Irish Protestants while also serving to exclude Irish Catholics. This article also examines audience responses to the Jubilee Singers, particularly the racial and aesthetic concepts they used to describe them. For all that the singers were familiar on account of their faith, they were unfamiliar on account of their race; this tension structured not only Irish responses to the singers, but also the singers’ responses to Ireland.
Stationary measures and the continuous-state branching process conditioned on extinction
Authors: Liu Rongli , Ren Yan-Xia , Yang Ting 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We consider continuous-state branching processes (CB processes) which become extinct almost surely. First, we tackle the problem of describing the stationary measures on

$(0,+\infty)$

for such CB processes. We give a representation of the stationary measure in terms of scale functions of related Lévy processes. Then we prove that the stationary measure can be obtained from the vague limit of the potential measure, and, in the critical case, can also be obtained from the vague limit of a normalized transition probability. Next, we prove some limit theorems for the CB process conditioned on extinction in a near future and on extinction at a fixed time. We obtain non-degenerate limit distributions which are of the size-biased type of the stationary measure in the critical case and of the Yaglom distribution in the subcritical case. Finally we explore some further properties of the limit distributions.
Civilising loss of control? The role of criminal justice gatekeepers
Authors: Carline Anna , Gibson Matthew , Singh Sarah , Soubise Laurene 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSince its inception in England and Wales, the partial defence to murder of loss of control has generated a steady stream of appeals. Individually, those appeals have illuminated key aspects of the plea's operation. This paper, though, is the first to explore that operation via a systematic analysis of every loss of control appeal to date (110 cases). Using that data, the paper frames more effectively, and thus improves understanding of, a neglected phenomenon in the plea: specifically, the decision-making roles of criminal justice ‘gatekeepers’ – principally trial judges, juries and prosecutors – in governing access to loss of control. In doing so, the paper assesses how far these gatekeepers interpret the plea's requirements in a ‘civilising’ way – one which prioritises meritorious loss of control claims above those which are unmeritorious. It contends that each gatekeeper struggles to regulate loss of control in such a way. Ultimately, this diminishes the symbolic value these reforms may have had and frustrates any civilising potential of homicide law reform.
Fetale Alkoholspektrumstörungen – ein wichtiges Thema für die Suchtmedizin?
Authors: Landgraf Mirjam N. , Strieker Sonja , Heinen Florian , Schmid Maximilian J. 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung: Zielsetzung: Im folgenden Artikel geben wir Ihnen einen Überblick über Pathophysiologie, Screening, Diagnose, Therapie und Prognose bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Fetalen Alkoholspektrumstörungen (FASD). Methodik: Für dieses narrative Review wurden internationale Studien der letzten 30 Jahre recherchiert und deren Ergebnisse zusammengefasst. Ergebnisse: Ein zuverlässiges, den Alkoholkonsum in der gesamten Schwangerschaft abdeckendes Screening auf FASD ist bisher nicht vorhanden. Zur Diagnose der FASD kann eine deutsche S3-Leitlinie herangezogen werden. Die meisten Therapien für Kinder und Jugendliche mit FASD sind pädagogisch-psychologisch ausgerichtet und werden symptomorientiert teilweise durch medikamentöse Ansätze begleitet. Prognostisch handelt es sich bei FASD um eine chronische Behinderung. Fachkräfte der Suchtmedizin sind für die Prävention und Früherkennung von FASD von großer Bedeutung. Schlussfolgerung: FASD ist eine häufige, komplexe Erkrankung, über die in der Fachwelt noch unzureichendes Wissen besteht. Disziplinen-spezifische und Disziplinen-übergreifende Fortbildung und Sensibilisierung hinsichtlich Alkoholkonsums in der Schwangerschaft und FASD ist daher dringend notwendig.
Fetale Alkoholspektrumstörungen bei Erwachsenen
Authors: Schecke Henrike , Wagner Jessica , Richter-Schmidinger Tanja , Bolbecher Gisela , Michalowski Gisela , Landgraf Mirjam N. , Feldmann Reinhold , Zimmermann Ulrich , Wolter Heike , Schwerg Lina , Kruse Björn , Becker Gela , Widder-König Michael , Lenz Bernd 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Mit einer geschätzten Prävalenz von 1 bis 2 pro 100 Personen sind Fetale Alkoholspektrumstörungen (Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders [FASD]) in Europa häufig und verbunden mit einer hohen Belastung für Menschen mit FASD, deren Angehörige sowie die Gesellschaft. Es handelt sich um komplexe Erkrankungen mit Einschränkungen auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen inklusive Verhalten, Leistungsfähigkeit und Selbständigkeit. Zur Diagnostik von FASD im Kindes- und Jugendalter steht eine S3-Leitlinie zur Verfügung. Ziel: Wir präsentieren hier einen Autor_innenkonsens zur FASD-Diagnostik bei Erwachsenen. Schlussfolgerungen: Neben der schwächeren Evidenz für das Erwachsenenalter ist ein wesentliches Problem, dass nur wenige Standorte entsprechende Leistungen anbieten. Die Folge ist eine unzureichende Diagnostik- und Versorgungsstruktur in Deutschland. Zur Verbesserung der Situation ergeben sich die folgenden vier Ansatzpunkte: (1) Konsequentere Nutzung der verfügbaren Screeninginstrumente in der allgemeinmedizinischen, psychiatrischen und psychotherapeutischen Versorgung; (2) Aufbau weiterer spezialisierter Diagnostikzentren; (3) Etablierung zusätzlicher spezialisierter Therapie- und Wohneinrichtungen; und (4) Förderung von Forschung zu FASD über die gesamte Lebensspanne. Diese Schritte werden zu einer Verbesserung der Behandlung und Versorgung von Personen mit FASD führen.
Planetary Geologic Maps: Essential Tools for Scientific Inquiry and Space Exploration
Authors: Luna Jeannette Wolak , Iqbal Wajiha , Bernhardt Hannes , El Bilali Hafida , Krasilnikov Sergey , Krasilnikov Alexander , van der Bogert Carolyn , Pondrelli Monica , Frigeri Alessandro , Massironi Matteo , Ivanov Mikhail , Basilevsky Alexander , Kumar P. Senthil , Dhingra Deepak , Ruj Trishit , Xiao Long , Ji Jinzhu , Aharonson Oded , Rothery David , Hiesinger Harald , Skinner James A. , Head James , Ernst Richard , Osinski Gordon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPlanetary geologic maps are crucial tools for understanding the geological features and processes of solid bodies in the Solar System. Over the past six decades, best practices in planetary geologic mapping have emphasized clear and objective observation, geological interpretation, multi‐sensor fusion, and iterative revision of maps based on new data. We summarize here four ways in which maps serve as indispensable instruments for scientific investigation, from enhancing observations to interrogating surface processes. With respect to space exploration, we underscore the role of planetary geologic maps as tools to link testable, hypothesis‐driven science to exploration goals and provide actionable information for hazard identification, resource evaluation, sample collection, and potential infrastructure development. To further advance the field of planetary geologic mapping, international collaboration is essential. This includes sharing data and maps through FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) platforms, establishing standardized mapping practices, promoting diverse nomenclature, and fostering continued cooperation in space exploration.
A comparison of human, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4 performance in a university-level coding course
Authors: Yeadon Will , Peach Alex , Testrow Craig 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study evaluates the performance of ChatGPT variants, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, both with and without prompt engineering, against solely student work and a mixed category containing both student and GPT-4 contributions in university-level physics coding assignments using the Python language. Comparing 50 student submissions to 50 AI-generated submissions across different categories, and marked blindly by three independent markers, we amassed $$n = 300$$

n
=
300

data points. Students averaged 91.9% (SE:0.4), surpassing the highest performing AI submission category, GPT-4 with prompt engineering, which scored 81.1% (SE:0.8)—a statistically significant difference (p = $$2.482 \times 10^{-10}$$

2.482
×

10

-
10

). Prompt engineering significantly improved scores for both GPT-4 (p = $$1.661 \times 10^{-4}$$

1.661
×

10

-
4

) and GPT-3.5 (p = $$4.967 \times 10^{-9}$$

4.967
×

10

-
9

). Additionally, the blinded markers were tasked with guessing the authorship of the submissions on a four-point Likert scale from ‘Definitely AI’ to ‘Definitely Human’. They accurately identified the authorship, with 92.1% of the work categorized as ‘Definitely Human’ being human-authored. Simplifying this to a binary ‘AI’ or ‘Human’ categorization resulted in an average accuracy rate of 85.3%. These findings suggest that while AI-generated work closely approaches the quality of university students’ work, it often remains detectable by human evaluators.
Knowledge as Presence and Presentation
Authors: Antognazza Maria Rosa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter contributes to resurrecting a historically well-attested and philosophically fertile version of knowledge-first epistemology by highlighting some striking but less widely known accounts of knowledge as the primitive contact with reality from which human cognition starts and which is prior to and separate from belief. It begins with three, diverse, formerly well-known early twentieth-century philosophers shared an interest in emerging scientific psychology: Helen Wodehouse (1880–1964), Charles Albert Dubray (1875–1962), and Francis Aveling (1875–1941). It then finds a remarkably similar basic conception in three prominent late medieval thinkers: John Duns Scotus (c.1266–1308), Peter Auriol (c.1280–1322), and William of Ockham (c.1287–1347). The reappearance of this conception in such radically different contexts suggests that it tracks something in the structure of human cognition, much deeper than mere culturally and historically conditioned ideas, which has proved capable of withstanding both robust forms of scepticism and Kantian critique.
Reasons and Knowledge
Authors: Dietz Christina H , Hawthorne John 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter develops further a picture defended in other work according to which reasons are facts that get possessed by knowing them, paying particular attention to the case for factivity for certain relevant reasons constructions, as well as to rationality-based arguments in favour of a non-factive conception of reasons. Recent work by Juan Comesaña (some co-authored with Matt McGrath) and Mark Schroeder serves as the chapter’s main foil.
Knowledge and Prizes
Authors: Littlejohn Clayton , Dutant Julien 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines two leading theories of rational belief, the Lockean view and the explanationist view. The first is appealing because it fits with some independently plausible claims about the ways that rational persons pursue their aims. The second is appealing because it seems to account for intuitions that cause trouble for the Lockean view. While fitting the intuitive data is desirable, the trouble is that the explanationist view seems to clash with theoretical beliefs about what rationality must be like. The chapter argues that upon further examination, the intuitive appeal of the explanationist view starts to diminish. It also argues that these further intuitions that spell trouble for the explanationist spell trouble for any theory that is not expectationist. It proposes a novel expectationist theory of rational belief that improves upon the Lockean and the explanationist views. It argues that recent defences of the Lockean view contain an important insight. A substantive theory of rational response should be based on a suitable theory of prizes and a suitable theory of how we should pursue prizes in the face of uncertainty. Most theories of rational belief typically take for granted a truth-centred picture of epistemic prizes (e.g. that epistemic desirability and undesirability can be fully understood in terms of accuracy) and then differ in terms of how they recommend pursuing prizes so understood. The chapter argues that the Lockeans embrace plausible principles of how prizes should be pursued. It traces the difficulties that this view faces in relation to veritistic assumptions about prizes. It suggests that some prizes are epistemically loaded in that a complete description of the prize will itself make reference to our epistemic states or standards. It argues that knowledge matters to rational belief and choice because in the epistemic domain, knowledge is the prize. It sees this in practical domains, too. In some choice settings, what is desired is desired, in part, because it involves a kind of connection to reality only knowledge provides.
Overview and Purpose
Authors: Scherrer Jeffrey F , Ballantyne Jane C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter highlights the purpose of subsequent chapters and defines key constructs related to pain, prescription opioids, and the interface of depression, pain, and prescription opioid use. The clinical and public health value of understanding the pain-opioid-depression tripartite is discussed. Because the prescription opioid epidemic continues to disproportionately impact patients with comorbid pain and mental illness, prescribing rates, dose data, and trends in prescribing are examined, as are current guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control. Pain, depression, and prescription opioids produce mutually reinforcing relationships. Pain contributes to worsening depression, and depression contributes to increased odds of long-term prescription opioid use that, in turn, exacerbates risk for new or recurring depressive episodes. By treating depression and other psychiatric disorders to remission, it may be possible to break this cycle.
Looking Beyond Tissue Damage
Authors: Sullivan Mark D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Pain is generally thought to function like touch in providing information about damage that is happening to a specific part of the body. But new anatomical, neurophysiological, and philosophical research suggests that this understanding of pain is wrong. An alternative view of pain as an interoceptive homeostatic emotion claims that pain is about the internal state of the organism, not the external world. Pain exists to protect homeostasis and promote survival. Its purpose is motivation, not description. As a motivator toward safety, pain exists on a continuum with other homeostatic emotions such as anxiety and depression. Pain and negative moods protect both biological and personal integrity. Every step in the progression from tissue threat to nociception to pain to suffering is modulated by the nervous system to serve homeostasis and survival. Hence, anxiety and depression are not simply emotional reactions to the sensory experience of pain.