bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fisk, faste og gamle gåter i Bergenhus og Steinvikholm
Authors: Nordeide Sæbjørg Walaker 
Published: November 2016

Fish, Lent and old Riddles in Medieval Castles An enigmatic structural feature may be noted in several medieval castles. To date, a satisfactory interpretation as to purpose has been lacking. The feature is a construction reminiscent of wells, and its use seems to be related to the holding of water – yet they fail to fully satisfy an interpretation of being wells or cisterns. By viewing the constructions within the wider context of medieval society, a more convincing interpretation is evident. In medieval society, and also for a few decades after the Lutheran reformation of 1537, there was great demand for fish during Lent, and this led the Church to organize the breeding of fish. Fresh fish, particularly from fresh water, was also a high status food, expected to be served to high status individuals. At times of siege, it was difficult to catch fish without putting people at risk, and the castle was built to protect lives. The structures located in the kitchen areas at Steinvikholm and Bergenhus are interpreted as fish tanks, intended to keep fish alive and fresh. A construction with a similar inferred function is also to be seen in the Archbishop’s palace, dated to the middle of the 16th century.
Solitary mastocytoma presenting in an adult: report and literature review of adult-onset solitary cutaneous mastocytoma with recommendations for evaluation and treatment
Authors: Cohen Philip R. 
Published: November 2016

Background: Mastocytosis is either cutaneous (with skin-limited proliferation of mast cells) or systemic (with mast cells in extracutaneous sites). The onset of solitary mastocytoma in an adult is rare.
Purpose: A woman with the new onset of solitary mastocytoma is described. The clinical features of patients with adult-onset solitary mastocytoma are summarized. Recommendations for the evaluation and treatment of individuals with adult-onset solitary mastocytoma are proposed.
Methods: PubMed was searched with the key words: adult, CD2, CD25, cell, cutaneous, disease, KIT, KIT D816V, mast, mastocytoma, mutation, pigmentosa, solitary, tryptase, and urticarial. The papers generated by the search, and their references, were reviewed.
Results: A 38-year-old Taiwanese woman presented with an asymptomatic brown patch, which morphologically mimicked a dysplastic nevus, on her right abdomen; biopsy demonstrated a solitary mastocytoma. Comprehensive evaluation (including serologic and bone marrow examination) excluded systemic mastocytosis and her residual mastocytoma is being monitored. Adult-onset solitary mastocytoma has been described in 16 patients. Lesions were either on the head and neck (5/14), torso (5/14) or extremities (4/14). Urtication following lesion rubbing was noted in 79% (11/14) of patients. Excision of the mastocytoma [75% (9/12)] was the most common treatment. Other management approaches included corticosteroids (topical or intralesional), antihistamines (systemic) or observation. Systemic symptoms were noted in 5 patients: flushing (3 women) and pruritus (3 women); gastrointestinal symptoms and headaches, flushing and/or anaphylaxis were each noted in one woman. None of the patients with adult-onset solitary mastocytoma had systemic mastocytosis; however, only 3 women were evaluated for systemic mastocytosis.
Conclusions: Systemic mastocytosis is common in adults with new onset cutaneous mastocytosis. Therefore, a conservative work up for new onset solitary mastocytosis in adults is proposed to include complete blood cell counts, serum chemistries (including liver function tests), and serum tryptase level and bone marrow biopsy to evaluate for mast cell clusters, morphology and immunophenotype and KIT gene mutation in codon 816. Similar serologic testing should be considered annually for adult-onset solitary mastocytosis patients without systemic disease.
Two neutrophilic dermatoses captured simultaneously on histology
Authors: Wlodek Christina , Bhatt Nidhi , Kennedy Cameron 
Published: November 2016

A number of neutrophilic dermatoses are associated with malignancies and their treatment. These rarely occur together in the same patient.
A Caucasian 72-year-old male was treated for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with chemotherapy including daunorubicin and cytarabine. Within 48 hours of commencing treatment, he developed pyrexia and, two days later, disseminated non-tender pink plaques on the limbs and trunk. A skin biopsy showed a dermal interstitial infiltrate of lymphocytes, histiocytoid cells and predominantly neutrophils. This extended into the subcutis, where a neutrophilic lobular panniculitis was seen. These findings are consistent with Sweet’s syndrome. In addition, a neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltrate was also present around eccrine coils and lower ducts. The eccrine epithelium showed squamous metaplasia with dyskeratosis and sloughing into the lumen. These latter findings are consistent with neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH).
These two histologically distinct entities form part of the neutrophilic dermatoses that have been described in oncology patients with reports of concurrent or sequential occurrence of various neutrophilic dermatoses in the same patient. Ours, however, is only the second reported case of simultaneously captured Sweet’s and NEH in the setting of AML. The most likely explanation is that of an epiphenomenon, whereby the neutrophilic infiltrate extended around the sweat glands in the context of the neutrophilic dermatosis.
Pigmented eccrine Poroma: dermoscopic and confocal features
Authors: Bombonato Caterina , Piana Simonetta , Moscarella Elvira , Lallas Aimilios , Argenziano Giuseppe , Longo Caterina 
Published: November 2016

Eccrine poroma is a rare benign adnexal tumor of epithelial cells originating from the terminal ductal portion of the sweat glands that is typically located on palms and soles, although other cutaneous sites can be affected [1]. It is usually nonpigmented even if there is a pigmented variant that corresponds to 17% of cases and it is usually underdiagnosed, since it is mistakenly confused with other pigmented tumors [2,3]. Dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) may assist in the correct diagnosis of this tumor.
Herein, we report one case of pigmented eccrine poroma (PEP) that simulated clinically a cutaneous melanoma or a basal cell carcinoma. Dermoscopy and RCM excluded the possibilities of those two diagnoses; the overall confocal findings were suggestive for a benign epithelial tumor. Histology was fundamental to diagnose this lesion as a pigmented eccrine poroma. Even if the diagnosis of eccrine poroma remains histopathological still, as in this case report, noninvasive tools such as dermoscopy and RCM examinations can be of help to rule out the diagnosis of melanoma. Larger studies on this rare pigmented variant of eccrine poroma could shed new light on the identification of specific diagnostic dermoscopic and confocal features.
Nuevas cuestiones sobre el anfiteatro de Zaragoza.
Authors: Mendoza Álvarez José David 
Published: November 2016

Presentamos nuestra investigación relacionada con las recientes hipótesis que se han planteado sobre la existencia del anfiteatro de Caesar Augusta (Zaragoza), aportando pruebas y la ausencia de datos como punto de partida para determinar su existencia y posible ubicación correcta. Revisaremos las fuentes gráficas y tendremos en cuenta los paralelos de ciudades con el mismo estatuto jurídico, algunas de las cuales presentaban los tres edificios lúdicos, circo, teatro y anfiteatro, mientras que otras tan solo teatro y anfiteatro, hecho significativo a la hora de contextualizarlo en nuestro caso en el que contemplamos la posible existencia de mártires que nos pueda orientar a esclarecer el posible lugar de ubicación del anfiteatro caesaraugustano, bien en el interior del pomerium como en su exterior.
We present our research related to recent hypotheses that have been raised about the existence of the amphitheater of Caesar Augusta (Zaragoza), providing evidence and the absence of data as a starting point to determine its existence and possible exact location. We review the graphic fonts and take into account the parallels of cities with the same legal status, some of which had three recreational buildings, circus, theater and amphitheater, while others just theater and amphitheater, significant fact in order to contextualize it in our case where we contemplate the possible existence of martyria, which can help us clarify the possible site for the caesaraugustano amphitheater, well inside the pomerium or beyond it.
Usos sociales de la historia. La estrategia de Olga Cossettini, Rosario, 1935-1943.
Authors: Caldo Paula , Pellegrini Malpiedi Micaela , Mosso Agustina 
Published: November 2016

Este artículo propone pensar algunos de los usos sociales de la historia. Justamente, recupera una experiencia pedagógica que asumió el desafío de educar a los niños de cara a la vida. En el año 1935, Olga Cossettini es nombrada directora de la Escuela Carrasco, institución a la que se le asigna carácter experimental. Ella elaboró entonces un Plan Asociado en el cual el contenido curricular incorporó las características del contexto. La decisión estuvo fundada en elementos pedagógicos dando como resultado un modo de enseñar y aprender historia mirado desde abajo.
This article is focused on social uses of history. It recovers a pedagogical experience that adopted the challenge of educating children for facing life. In 1935, Olga Cossettini was named director of Carrasco School, an institution with an experimental character. Then, she developed an Associated Plan in which curricular content involved several context features. The decision was based on pedagogical elements, giving as a result a particular way of teaching and learning history from below.
Legal Language – Pragmatic Approaches to Its Interconnectivity with Legal Interpretation and Legal Translation1
Authors: Simonnaes Ingrid 
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this paper is to enhance existing insights into the complex relationship between legal language, legal interpretation and legal translation that challenges the participants of a particular domain-specific communicative situation. This situation can be described as a complex communicative-cognitive procedure taking into consideration a pragmatic approach to reach its addressees on a continuum from lay persons to experts.
The analysis of some “typical” examples shows (not surprisingly) that different kinds of knowledge are necessary in order to achieve a felicitous communicative act in which a high degree of specialist knowledge is of paramount importance to a successful result both in intra- and interlingual translation.
The particular legal language under scrutiny, in other words German contrastive to Norwegian, form the basis for the analysis of the activity of translation in which the translator must be able to understand/interpret the text and must be aware of not taking the words at their “face value” to be able to render their meaning in the target language.
Traduire le Black English (« C’est comme ça des fois. »)
Authors: Lappin-Fortin Kerry 
Published: November 2016

Le problème de la traduction des sociolectes demeure « […] one of the biggestlacunaein translation studies » (Herrera 2014 : 290). Dans ce qui suit, j’espère contribuer à la discussion entamée par Brodsky (1993, 1996), Lavoie (1994, 2002) et d’autres sur la traduction du vernaculaire noir américain (VNA) en examinant le cas de deux romans autobiographiques de Maya Angelou,I Know Why theCaged Bird Sings(1969) etThe Heart of a Woman(1981), et le bestseller de Lawrence Hill,The Book of Negroes(2007). Il s’avère que le rôle du Black English dans ces romans dépasse celui de la simple « couleur locale ». Comment les traducteurs Besse (2008), Saint-Martin et Gagné (2008), et Noël (2011/2014), les traducteurs des romans précédemment cités, ont-ils négocié la tension entre fidélité à la langue source et fidélité à la langue cible ? Il ressort de cette étude qu’une plus grande volonté de dévier des normes et des formes du français permettrait de mieux « traduire » ce parler noir dans le but d’en préserver la valeur culturelle et idéologique.
Dominance relationships in a family pack of captive arctic wolves (Canis lupus arctos): the influence of competition for food, age and sex
Authors: Cafazzo Simona , Lazzaroni Martina , Marshall-Pescini Sarah 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundDominance is one of the most pervasive concepts in the study of wolf social behaviour but recently its validity has been questioned. For some authors, the bonds between members of wolf families are better described as parent-offspring relationships and the concept of dominance should be used just to evaluate the social dynamics of non-familial captive pack members (e.g., Mech & Cluff, 2010). However, there is a dearth of studies investigating dominance relationships and its correlates in wolf family packs.MethodsHere, we applied a combination of the most commonly used quantitative methods to evaluate the dominance relationships in a captive family pack of 19 Arctic wolves.ResultsWe found a significant linear and completely transitive hierarchy based on the direction of submissive behaviours and found that dominance relationships were not influenced by the competitive contexts (feeding vs. non-feeding context). A significant linear hierarchy also emerges amongst siblings once the breeding pair (the two top-ranking individuals) is removed from analyses. Furthermore, results suggest that wolves may use greeting behaviour as a formal signal of subordination. Whereas older wolves were mostly dominant over younger ones, no clear effect of sex was found. However, frequency of agonistic (submissive, dominant and aggressive) behaviours was higher between female–female and male–male dyads than female–male dyads and sex-separated linear hierarchies showed a stronger linearity than the mixed one. Furthermore, dominance status was conveyed through different behavioural categories during intra-sexual and inter-sexual interactions.DiscussionCurrent results highlight the importance of applying a systematic methodology considering the individuals’ age and sex when evaluating the hierarchical structure of a social group. Moreover, they confirm the validity of the concept of dominance relationships in describing the social bonds within a family pack of captive wolves.
Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Authors: Kolkhir Pavel , Bonnekoh Hanna , Metz Martin , Maurer Marcus 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceChronic spontaneous urticaria affects approximately 1% of the general population worldwide, including approximately 3 million people in the US, impairs patients’ quality of life, and is associated with multiple comorbidities.ObservationsChronic spontaneous urticaria affects patients of any age but is most common in females aged 30 to 50 years. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, ie, spontaneously recurring wheals, angioedema, or both. Chronic spontaneous urticaria persists for more than 1 year in most patients (1 or repeated episodes) and may present with comorbidities including chronic inducible urticaria (&amp;gt;10%), autoimmune thyroiditis (approximately 20%), metabolic syndrome (6%-20%), and anxiety (10%-31%) and depression (7%-29%). Known autoimmune endotypes (subtypes of urticaria defined by distinct pathogenesis) of chronic spontaneous urticaria are mediated by mast cell–activating IgE and/or IgG autoantibodies (&amp;gt;50%). Approximately 40% of patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria have a Dermatology Life Quality Index of more than 10, corresponding to a very large or extremely large negative effect on quality of life. Second-generation H1 antihistamines are first-line treatment; partial or complete response, defined as a reduction in urticaria symptoms of greater than 50%, is observed in approximately 40% of patients. The 2022 international urticaria guideline recommends the monoclonal anti-IgE antibody omalizumab as second-line treatment for antihistamine-refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria. However, at least 30% of patients have an insufficient response to omalizumab, especially those with IgG-mediated autoimmune urticaria. Cyclosporine, used off-label, can improve symptoms in approximately 54% to 73% of patients, especially those with autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria and nonresponse to omalizumab, but has adverse effects such as kidney dysfunction and hypertension.Conclusions and RelevanceChronic spontaneous urticaria is an inflammatory skin disease associated with medical and psychiatric comorbidities and impaired quality of life. Second-generation H1 antihistamines are first-line treatment, omalizumab is second-line treatment, and cyclosporine is third-line treatment for chronic spontaneous urticaria.
Heart Failure Among Asian American Subpopulations
Authors: Cheng Yan , Poon Adrienne N. , Ling Youxuan , Wu Wen-Chih , Ahmed Ali , Vasaitis Tadas S. , Panjrath Gurusher , Edberg Mark , Gomberg-Maitland Mardi , Yin Ying , Nelson Stuart J. , Zeng-Treitler Qing 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceHeart failure (HF) is a leading cause of death in the US. The current evidence on the burdens of HF in Asian American populations, especially Asian American subgroups, is limited and inconsistent.ObjectiveTo assess and compare the incidence and prevalence of HF in Asian American subgroups.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data from patients 40 years or older with health care encounters from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019, recorded in the Oracle Electronic Health Record Real-World Data database, which has more than 100 health care systems across the US contributing to the database as of February 2024. For prevalence analysis, the study samples were those who had at least 1 encounter in the study calendar year. For incidence analysis, participants were additionally limited to those without HF before the study year who also had encounter(s) the year before the study year. Data analysis was performed from August 1, 2023, to July 31, 2024.ExposureRace and ethnicity were determined using patient self-reported data, which were categorized as Black, East Asian, South Asian, Southeast Asian, other Asian (without specified ethnicity), and White.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes were incidence and prevalence of HF, identified using recorded International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification and International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Age- and sex-standardized incidence and prevalence were used to calculate the risk ratio of each racial and ethnic group compared with White patients.ResultsIncidence and prevalence analyses were performed for 6 845 791 patients (mean [SD] age, 62.1 [12.5] years; 59.9% female; 2.8% Asian, 6.7% Black, and 90.5% White) and for 13 440 234 patients (mean [SD] age, 61.7 [12.7] years; 57.0% female; 2.9% Asian, 7.1% Black, and 90.0% White), respectively. Using the 2015 population as the standard, age- and sex-standardized HF incidence was 2.26% (95% CI, 2.07%-2.45%) for Southeast Asian patients, 1.56% (95% CI, 1.31%-1.82%) for South Asian patients, and 1.22% (95% CI, 1.06%-1.38%) for East Asian patients compared with 1.58% (95% CI, 1.57%-1.59%) for White patients and 2.39% (95% CI, 2.36%-2.42%) for Black patients. Similarly, heterogeneous rates in Asian American subgroups were also observed in the prevalence analysis.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study of HF outcomes, the disparities between Southeast and East Asian patients were larger than those between Black and White patients, with the estimates in Southeast Asian patients being similar to those of Black patients. These findings reinforce that individual Asian ethnicities and cardiovascular risk factors should be considered in the assessment of HF risks.
METTL23 Variants and Patients With Normal-Tension Glaucoma
Authors: Scheetz Todd. E. , Tollefson Mallory R. , Roos Ben R. , Boese Erin A. , Pouw Andrew E. , Stone Edwin M. , Schnieders Michael J. , Fingert John H. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceThis research confirms and further establishes that pathogenic variants in a fourth gene, METTL23, are associated with autosomal dominant normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of glaucoma-causing pathogenic variants in the METTL23 gene in a cohort of patients with NTG from Iowa.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case-control study took place at a single tertiary care center in Iowa from January 1997 to January 2024, with analysis occurring between January 2023 and January 2024. Two groups of participants were enrolled from the University of Iowa clinics: 331 patients with NTG and 362 control individuals without glaucoma. Patients with a history of trauma; steroid use; stigmata of pigment dispersion syndrome; exfoliation syndrome; or pathogenic variants in MYOC, TBK1, or OPTN were also excluded.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDetection of an enrichment of METTL23 pathogenic variants in individuals with NTG compared with control individuals without glaucoma.ResultsThe study included 331 patients with NTG (mean [SD] age, 68.0 [11.7] years; 228 [68.9%] female and 103 [31.1%] male) and 362 control individuals without glaucoma (mean [SD] age, 64.5 [12.6] years; 207 [57.2%] female and 155 [42.8%] male). There were 5 detected instances of 4 unique METTL23 pathogenic variants in patients with NTG. Three METTL23 variants—p.Ala7Val, p.Pro22Arg, and p.Arg63Trp—were judged to be likely pathogenic and were detected in 3 patients (0.91%) with NTG. However, when all detected variants were evaluated with either mutation burden analysis or logistic regression, their frequency was not statistically higher in individuals with NTG than in control individuals without glaucoma (1.5% vs 2.5%; P = .27).Conclusion and RelevanceThis investigation provides evidence that pathogenic variants in METTL23 are associated with NTG. Within an NTG cohort at a tertiary care center, pathogenic variants were associated with approximately 1% of NTG cases, a frequency similar to that of other known normal-tension glaucoma genes, including optineurin (OPTN), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), and myocilin (MYOC). The findings suggest that METTL23 pathogenic variants are likely involved in a biologic pathway that is associated with glaucoma that occurs at lower intraocular pressures.