bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep patterns among patients with chronic fatigue: A polysomnography‐based study
Authors: Pajediene Evelina , Bileviciute‐Ljungar Indre , Friberg Danielle 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to detect treatable sleep disorders among patients complaining of chronic fatigue by using sleep questionnaires and polysomnography.MethodsPatients were referred to hospital for investigations and rehabilitation because of a suspected diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). The criteria for further referral to full‐night polysomnography (PSG) were symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness and/or tiredness in the questionnaires.ResultsOf a total of 381 patients, 78 (20.5%) patients underwent PSG: 66 women and 12 men, mean age 48.6 years, standard deviation ±9.9 years. On the basis of the PSG, 31 (40.3%) patients were diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea, 7 (8.9%) patients with periodic limb movement disorder, 32 (41.0%) patients with restless legs syndrome and 54 (69.3%) patients had one or more other sleep disorder. All patients were grouped into those who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for ME/CFS (n = 55, 70.5%) and those who did not (n = 23, 29.5%). The latter group had significantly higher respiratory (P = .01) and total arousal (P = .009) indexes and a higher oxygen desaturation index (P = .009).ConclusionsMore than half of these chronic fatigue patients, who also have excessive daytime sleepiness and/or tiredness, were diagnosed with sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnoea, periodic limb movement disorder and/or restless legs syndrome. Patients with such complaints should undergo polysomnography, fill in questionnaires and be offered treatment for sleep disorders before the diagnose ME/CFS is set.
Lost in Translation: No Effect of a High‐Profile Publication on the Concomitant Use of Interacting Drugs
Authors: Acton Emily K. , Leonard Charles E. , Bilker Warren B. , Phansalkar Shobha , Hennessy Sean 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe sought to assess whether a high‐profile publication that demonstrated serious clinical consequences of specific drug‐drug interactions (DDIs) reduced the concomitant use of those drugs. We conducted a quasi‐experimental study using 2000–2008 prescription claims from a commercial health insurer to examine trends in the dispensing of the interacting drug pairs (angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors[ACEI] + potassium‐sparing diuretic, digoxin + clarithromycin, and glyburide + cotrimoxazole) and control drug pairs previously reported in a top‐tier general medicine journal. We examined prepublication and postpublication dispensing trends using Poisson regression. ACEI + potassium‐sparing diuretic use did not differ postpublication vs. prepublication (P = 0.11). Digoxin + clarithromycin use decreased minimally postpublication vs. prepublication (relative rate = 0.9996: 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9993–0.9998). Glyburide + cotrimoxazole use increased minimally postpublication vs. prepublication (relative rate = 1.0220; 95% CI = 1.0187–1.0254). Therefore, the high‐profile DDI publication had minimal to no measurable effect in reducing the concomitant use of the interacting drugs studied. We believe that better strategies are needed to translate knowledge about DDIs into clinical practice.
Labour Networks under Supply Chain Capitalism: The Politics of the Bangladesh Accord
Authors: Scheper Christian 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe Bangladesh Accord on Fire and Building Safety is a transnational governance approach towards implementing factory safety standards in the Bangladeshi garment sector. Some commentators argue that the Accord is a ‘game changer’ in times of corporate social responsibility (CSR), especially because it includes transnational buying companies in a legally binding contract with union federations. This article takes the Accord as an interesting case for how labour networks become part of a transnational governance arrangement. Taking a cultural political economy perspective, the author assumes that the Accord marks a practice of implementing ethical demands under conditions of supply chain capitalism and argues that calling the Accord a paradigm shift would be overly optimistic: while labour networks were able to use a crisis in the regime of CSR policies, they could not challenge the managerial culture of translating political demands according to the conventions of supply chain management. These conventions separate the sources of profit from the political claim for decent labour standards. In a transnational governance initiative, labour networks rely on such management conventions, since they are constitutive of the production network. From this perspective the Accord is an impressive reaction to the Rana Plaza disaster, but not a game changer.
Research in epidemic and emergency situations: A model for collaboration and expediting ethics review in two Caribbean countries
Authors: Aarons Derrick 
Published: July 2017

AbstractVarious forms of research are essential in emergency, disaster and disease outbreak situations, but challenges exist including the long length of time it takes to get research proposals approved.Consequently, it would be very advantageous to have an acceptable model for efficient coordination and communication between and among research ethics committees/IRBs and ministries of health, and templates for expediting (done with speed and efficiency) ethical review of research proposals in emergency and epidemic situations to be used across the Caribbean and in other low and middle income countries.This project involved a literature search and the interviewing of ministry of health officials, public health practitioners, and research ethics committee/IRB members in Jamaica and St. Lucia, to obtain suggestions for the best model for efficient coordination and communication between research ethics committees (RECs), and developed a template for expediting review of research protocols in epidemic and emergency conditions.
Haitian people's expectations regarding post‐disaster humanitarian aid teams’ actions
Authors: Kpanake Lonzozou , Jean‐Jacques Ronald , Sorum Paul Clay , Mullet Etienne 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe way people at the receiving end of humanitarian assistance perceive this intervention may provide invaluable bottom‐up feedback to improve the quality of the intervention.We analyzed and mapped Haitians’ views regarding international humanitarian aid in cases of natural disaster. Two hundred fifty participants–137 women and 113 men aged 18‐67–who had suffered from the consequences of the earthquake in 2010 were presented with a series of vignettes depicting a humanitarian team's action and were asked to what extent these actions corresponded to what ought to be expected from an international aid mission. Four factors were considered in the vignettes (a) whether the team worked in close association with local institutions, (b) whether it was composed of competent people who were prepared for their mission, (c) whether they treated people as a function of immediate needs, and (d) whether they behaved in a respectful way.Through cluster analysis, five qualitatively different positions were found: (a) Complete hostility to any kind of humanitarian aid (6%); (b) Strong hostility to humanitarian aid in the case of disrespectful attitudes or behaviors (4%); (c) Technical competence is the only factor that matters (25%); (d) Both manifestation of respect for the population and technical competence matter (38%) and (e) Undetermined (27%).Most Haitians expect humanitarian teams to be technically competent, but even very competent aid is not considered adequate if provided in an arrogant and disrespectful manner.
Left ventricular torsion assessed by two‐dimensional echocardiography speckle tracking as a predictor of left ventricular remodeling and short‐term outcome following primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: A single‐center experience
Authors: Awadalla Hany , Saleh Mohamed Ayman , Abdel Kader Mohamed , Mansour Amr 
Published: July 2017

AimsLeft ventricular (LV) torsion is a novel method to assess systolic LV function. This study aimed at exploring the utility of 2D speckle tracking–based assessment of left ventricular torsion in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undertaking primary percutaneous intervention (pPCI) in predicting left ventricular remodeling.Methods and ResultsThe study included 115 patients (mean±SD, age 52.2±9.67, males 84.3%) who underwent pPCI for AMI. Echocardiographic assessment of LV torsion by two‐dimensional speckle tracking was performed early after the index pPCI. Patients underwent repeat echocardiography at 6 months to detect remodeling. LV torsion in the acute setting was significantly lower in those who demonstrated LV remodeling at follow‐up compared to those without remodeling (7.56±1.95 vs 15.16±4.65; P<.005). Multivariate analysis identified peak CK & CK‐MB elevation (β=−0.767 and −0.725; P<.001), SWMA index (β=−0.843; P<.001), and Simpson's derived LV ejection fraction (LVEF; β=0.802; P<.001) as independent predictors of baseline LV torsion. It also identified peak LV torsion (β: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.15–0.5, P=.001) and SWMA index (β: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03–1.12, P=.005) as independent predictors of LV remodeling. Baseline Killip's grades II and higher (β: 48.6; 95% CI 5.5–428, P<.001) and diabetes mellitus (β: 29.7; 95% CI 1.1–763, P<.05) were independent predictors of mortality.ConclusionLeft ventricular torsion in acute MI setting is impaired and predicts subsequent LV remodeling at 6‐month follow‐up.
Belief, Correctness and Constitutivity
Authors: Fassio Davide 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSome philosophers have argued that a standard of correctness is constitutive of the concept or the essence of belief. By this claim they mean, roughly, that a mental state is a belief partially in virtue of being correct if and only if its content is true. In this paper I provide a new argument in support of the constitutivity of the correctness standard for belief. I first argue that the standard expresses a conceptual necessity. Then I argue that, since conceptual necessities are such in virtue of some concept, the standard must also be necessary in virtue of some concept. Finally, I provide an argument by exclusion to the effect that the standard is necessary in virtue of the concept of belief.
Love, Respect, and Individuals: Murdoch as a Guide to Kantian Ethics
Authors: Merritt Melissa McBay 
Published: July 2017

AbstractI reconsider the relation between love and respect in Kantian ethics, taking as my guide Iris Murdoch's view of love as the fundamental moral attitude and a kind of attention to individuals. It is widely supposed that Kantian ethics disregards individuals, since we don't respect individuals but the universal quality of personhood they instantiate. We need not draw this conclusion if we recognise that Kant and Murdoch share a view about the centrality of love to virtue. We can then see that respect in the virtuous person cannot be blind to the individual, as critics of Kantian ethics contend. My approach contrasts recent efforts (Velleman and Bagnoli) to assimilate Kantian respect to Murdochian love, which overlook Murdoch's distinctive claims about thesingularityof moral activity. This idea is not as un‐Kantian as it seems, and it should inform any Kantian ethics that aims to address the charge about individuals.
Effects of different indentation methods on fatigue life extension of cracked specimens
Authors: Razavi N. , Ayatollahi M.R. , Amouzadi A. , Berto F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper, 3 different indentation methods have been investigated for crack arresting and fatigue life enhancement of cracked components. The influence of residual stresses induced by indentation on fatigue crack growth (FCG) rate was explored by experiments and numerical simulations. Fatigue tests were conducted on a group of specimens which were indented on the crack tip by various indentation load magnitudes. For another group of specimens, the double indentation and triple indentation methods were applied on the cracked specimens with the aim of obtaining proper residual stress fields that contribute to higher crack growth retardations. Both the numerical and experimental results revealed that the higher indentation loads led to larger domain of compressive residual stress around the crack tip and consequently to higher fatigue life extension. In addition, the triple indentation method resulted in more FCG retardation compared with single and double indentation methods. Furthermore, for the specimens repaired by double and triple indentation methods, indenting ahead of the crack tip led to retardation in more crack growth compared with the other horizontal positions of indentation.
An improved null model for assessing the net effects of multiple stressors on communities
Authors: Thompson Patrick L. , MacLennan Megan M. , Vinebrooke Rolf D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEcological stressors (i.e., environmental factors outside their normal range of variation) can mediate each other through their interactions, leading to unexpected combined effects on communities. Determining whether the net effect of stressors is ecologically surprising requires comparing their cumulative impact to a null model that represents the linear combination of their individual effects (i.e., an additive expectation). However, we show that standard additive and multiplicative null models that base their predictions on the effects of single stressors on community properties (e.g., species richness or biomass) do not provide this linear expectation, leading to incorrect interpretations of antagonistic and synergistic responses by communities. We present an alternative, the compositional null model, which instead bases its predictions on the effects of stressors on individual species, and then aggregates them to the community level. Simulations demonstrate the improved ability of the compositional null model to accurately provide a linear expectation of the net effect of stressors. We simulate the response of communities to paired stressors that affect species in a purely additive fashion and compare the relative abilities of the compositional null model and two standard community property null models (additive and multiplicative) to predict these linear changes in species richness and community biomass across different combinations (both positive, negative, or opposite) and intensities of stressors. The compositional model predicts the linear effects of multiple stressors under almost all scenarios, allowing for proper classification of net effects, whereas the standard null models do not. Our findings suggest that current estimates of the prevalence of ecological surprises on communities based on community property null models are unreliable, and should be improved by integrating the responses of individual species to the community level as does our compositional null model.
Peaks of in situ N2O emissions are influenced by N2O‐producing and reducing microbial communities across arable soils
Authors: Domeignoz‐Horta Luiz A. , Philippot Laurent , Peyrard Celine , Bru David , Breuil Marie‐Christine , Bizouard Florian , Justes Eric , Mary Bruno , Léonard Joël , Spor Ayme 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAgriculture is the main source of terrestrial N2O emissions, a potent greenhouse gas and the main cause of ozone depletion. The reduction of N2O into N2 by microorganisms carrying the nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ) is the only known biological process eliminating this greenhouse gas. Recent studies showed that a previously unknown clade of N2O‐reducers (nosZII) was related to the potential capacity of the soil to act as a N2O sink. However, little is known about how this group responds to different agricultural practices. Here, we investigated how N2O‐producers and N2O‐reducers were affected by agricultural practices across a range of cropping systems in order to evaluate the consequences for N2O emissions. The abundance of both ammonia‐oxidizers and denitrifiers was quantified by real‐time qPCR, and the diversity of nosZ clades was determined by 454 pyrosequencing. Denitrification and nitrification potential activities as well as in situ N2O emissions were also assessed. Overall, greatest differences in microbial activity, diversity, and abundance were observed between sites rather than between agricultural practices at each site. To better understand the contribution of abiotic and biotic factors to the in situ N2O emissions, we subdivided more than 59,000 field measurements into fractions from low to high rates. We found that the low N2O emission rates were mainly explained by variation in soil properties (up to 59%), while the high rates were explained by variation in abundance and diversity of microbial communities (up to 68%). Notably, the diversity of the nosZII clade but not of the nosZI clade was important to explain the variation of in situ N2O emissions. Altogether, these results lay the foundation for a better understanding of the response of N2O‐reducing bacteria to agricultural practices and how it may ultimately affect N2O emissions.
Investigation of pain and life satisfaction in older adults
Authors: Karadag Arli Senay , Bakan Ayse Berivan , Varol Ela , Aslan Gulpinar 
Published: July 2017

AimThe present study aimed to investigate pain and life satisfaction in older adults.MethodsThis study, which is descriptive in nature, utilized the relational screening model. It was carried out between September 2016 and March 2017, with 387 people aged ≥65 years who were registered in Family Health Centers in Ağrı, a city located in eastern Turkey.ResultsThe participants’ mean Geriatric Pain Measure score was 53.23 ± 29.40, indicating moderate pain. The mean Life Satisfaction Scale score was 8.50 ± 5.34, indicating moderate life satisfaction level. The study also found a statistically significant, negative relationship between life satisfaction and geriatric pain.ConclusionsAn increase in the elderly population brings various health problems. The results of the present study showed that the rate of chronic diseases is very high in older adults. Therefore, pain is one of the most frequently encountered health problems, and it has negative effects on life satisfaction. In conclusion, is it considered that older adults’ life satisfaction could increase if their pain is identified and reduced effectively. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 5–11.
A seroepidemiological survey of the effect of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B and C virus infections among elementary school students in Siem Reap province, Cambodia
Authors: Fujimoto Mayumi , Chuon Channarena , Nagashima Shintaro , Yamamoto Chikako , Ko Ko , Svay Somana , Hok Sirany , Lim Olline , Ohisa Masayuki , Akita Tomoyuki , Katayama Keiko , Matsuo Junko , Takahashi Kazuaki , Tanaka Junko 
Published: July 2017

AimThis study aimed to survey the prevalence and incidence of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among elementary school students in Siem Reap province, Cambodia and to evaluate the effects of a national infant HBV vaccination program introduced in 2001.MethodsStudents in 3rd grade during the 2011, 2012, and 2013 academic years were enrolled in this study; at the time of the second examination, in the 2014–2015 academic year, the students were in 5th or 6th grade. The incidence and prevalence rates of HBV and HCV infection were estimated and full HBV sequences were analyzed.ResultsAmong 248 students (107 male and 141 female) born between 1999 and 2005, five students were HBV surface antigen (HBs‐Ag) positive (2.02%), and all of them were infected with genotype C. Among them, subgenotype C1 was found in four students and, unexpectedly, complete genetic sequence identity of subgenotype C1 was found in two students from different families. The anti‐HBV core (HBc) and anti‐HBs prevalence rates were 10.89% and 16.13%, respectively. Twenty‐five students were positive for anti‐HBs and negative for both HBsAg and anti‐HBc (10.08%; estimated serological vaccination rate); this rate increased significantly with the birth year (P = 0.0229). Prevalence of anti‐HCV was 2.82%, and HCV RNA was not detected. The estimated incidence of HBV and HCV infection were both 0/1000 person‐years (PY) (95% confidence interval, 0–20.61/1000 PY and 0–14.50/1000 PY, respectively).ConclusionHepatitis B virus full‐genome sequencing and serological analysis revealed the possibility of horizontal transmission of HBV among Cambodian schoolchildren. However, the anti‐HBc positivity rate decreased along with increasing age and estimated serological vaccination rates.
Extent, quality and impact of patient and public involvement in antimicrobial drug development research: A systematic review
Authors: Evans David , Bird Emma , Gibson Andy , Grier Sally , Chin Teh Li , Stoddart Margaret , MacGowan Alasdair ,   the North Bristol Microbiology Patient Panel
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) is increasingly recognized as bringing a range of benefits to clinical and health services research. Recent systematic reviews have identified and synthesized many benefits (eg higher recruitment rates) and some costs (eg extra time need). Much of the literature focuses on PPI in long‐term conditions rather than more acute health care in which the majority of microbiological research is undertaken.ObjectivesThe aim was to identify the extent, quality and impact of PPI in antimicrobial drug development research. Objectives were to identify any relevant reporting of PPI in antimicrobial research; appraise the quality of reporting on PPI using recognized PPI reporting and critical appraisal tools; and extract and synthesize data on the impact of PPI.Search strategyA systematic review was undertaken with a search strategy based on four word groups (PPI, patients, antimicrobial drug development and outcomes). Eight online databases were searched.Inclusion criteriaEnglish language publication, publication between 1996 and 2016 and studies describing PPI in antimicrobial drug development research.Main resultsNo studies were found through online searching that met the search strategy and inclusion criteria. One relevant protocol paper with a brief mention of PPI was identified through expert recommendation. Commentary papers recommending PPI were identified through website searching and expert opinion.Discussion and conclusionsDespite strong policy guidance encouraging PPI at the international and national levels, and anecdotal accounts of PPI taking place, evidence for the extent, quality and impact of PPI in antimicrobial drug development research has not yet appeared in the peer‐reviewed literature.
The effects of traffic light labelling versus cartoon labelling on food and beverage purchases in a children's hospital setting
Authors: Whitt O. R. , Jilcott Pitts S.B. , Rafferty A. P. , Payne C. R. , Ng S. W. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThis study's purpose was to examine changes in healthy and unhealthy items purchased following the implementation of traffic light and cartoon labelling in a small retail food venue (Café Bay) in a children's hospital in eastern North Carolina. Between October 2015 and March 2016, daily food and beverage sales from Café Bay were obtained during baseline, traffic light labelling, a washout period, cartoon labelling (on healthy foods only) and a final washout period. Pearson chi‐squared tests and multiple linear regressions were used to examine effects of labelling strategies, controlling for the holidays. In unadjusted analyses, traffic light labelling was associated with significant decreases in purchases of unhealthy items purchased, while cartoon labelling was associated with increases in unhealthy items purchased. In adjusted linear regression analysis, traffic light labelling was associated with fewer unhealthy purchases and thus may have potential to decrease the amount of unhealthy items purchased in a children's hospital food retail venue.