bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Coupling Multiphase Flow and Geomechanical Effects on Water Loss During Hydraulic-Fracturing Flowback Operation
Authors: Wang Mingyuan , Leung Juliana Y. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryLess than half the fracturing fluid is typically recovered during the flowback operation. This study models the effects of capillarity and geomechanics on water loss in the fracture/matrix system, and investigates the circumstances under which this phenomenon might be beneficial or detrimental to subsequent tight-oil production. During the shut-in (soaking) and flowback periods, the fracture conductivity decreases as effective stress increases because of imbibition. Previous works have addressed fracture closure during the production phase; however, the coupling of imbibition caused by multiphase flow and stress-dependent fracture properties during shut-in is less understood.A series of mechanistic simulation models is constructed to simulate multiphase flow and fluid distribution during shut-in and flowback. Three systems—matrix, hydraulic fracture, and microfractures—are explicitly represented in the computational domain. Sensitivities to wettability and multiphase-flow functions (relative permeability and capillary pressure relationships) are investigated. As wettability to water increases, matrix imbibition increases. Imbibition helps to displace the hydrocarbons into nearby microfractures and hydraulic fractures, enhancing initial oil rate, but it also hinders water recovery. The results indicate that fracture closure may enhance imbibition and water loss, which, in turn, leads to further reduction in fracture pressure and conductivity. Results also suggest that more-aggressive flowback is beneficial to water cleanup and long-term oil production in stiff rocks, whereas this benefit is less prominent in medium-to-soft formations because of excessive fracture closure. Because no direct correlation between high initial oil-flow rate and improved cumulative oil production is observed, measures for increasing oil relative permeability are recommended for improving long-term oil production.This work presents a quantitative study of the controlling factors of water loss caused by fluid/rock properties and geomechanics. The results highlight the crucial interplay between imbibition and geomechanics in short- and long-term production performances. The results in this study would have considerable impact on understanding and improving current industry practice in fracturing design and assessment of stimulated reservoir volume.
Corn Response to Nitrogen Management under Fully‐Irrigated vs. Water‐Stressed Conditions
Authors: Maharjan Bijesh , Rosen Carl J. , Lamb John A. , Venterea Rodney T. 
Published: June 2016

Characterizing corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield (GY) response to N is critical for maximizing profits, increasing N use efficiency and minimizing environmental impacts. Although a large database of GY response to N exists for highly productive soils, few data exist for less productive soils. While changes in precipitation are expected in the future, few studies have compared GY response to varying N management practices under conditions of varying water availability. We measured GY and basal stalk nitrate nitrogen (BSN) at harvest using split‐applied urea at eight N rates under fully‐irrigated (FI) and water‐stressed (WS) conditions in a loamy sand over 2 yr (2009 and 2010). We also measured GY and BSN using single, pre‐plant applications of urea, polymer‐coated urea (PCU) and urea amended with urease and nitrification inhibitors (IU) at one or two N rates. The results showed that economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) and agronomic optimum nitrogen rate (AONR) did not vary by water management, in spite of significant increases in GY (up to 48%) under FI compared to WS. Modification of N fertilizer timing or N source was effective for increasing GY (by 18–41%) with FI, but did not affect GY under WS conditions. Averaged across years, BSN was greater with WS compared to FI at most N rates; however, BSN corresponding to AONR was within the optimal range for both water regimes. These findings may have important implications in areas where changes in irrigation practices or water availability are expected under future climate conditions.

Better understanding of water stress effects on corn response to N is needed.
We measured yield response to N management with full irrigation and under water‐stress.
Optimum N rate did not vary by water management despite significant yield differences.
Optimizing fertilizer timing or source increased yield but only with full irrigation.
Basal stalk nitrate was higher with water‐stress than with full irrigation.
Iron and Sulfur Porewater and Surface Water Biogeochemical Interactions in Subtropical Peatlands
Authors: Julian Paul , Wright Alan L. , Osborne Todd Z. 
Published: June 2016

Core Ideas
Surface water sulfate has been implicated in influencing Hg cycling and methylation, this relationship is tenuous at best therefore other variables and biogeochemical cycles could be involved with Hg methylation dynamics.
While thought of as a minor biogeochemical constituent, Fe is involved several biogeochemical interactions including the regulation of surface water sulfate concentrations by producing iron minerals.
The results of this study suggest that dissolved organic C supply has the ability to regulate dissimilatory sulfate reduction, rather than sulfate supply within the Everglades marsh.
Elevated sulfate (SO42−) concentrations have been implicated in affecting Hg cycling and methylation within the Everglades, leading to environmental concerns regarding methyl‐Hg (MeHg) accumulation in wildlife. The interaction of S and Hg cycles is not fully understood in freshwater wetlands, and factors regulating these elemental cycles are warranted. Iron has been demonstrated to influence S cycling patterns, which in turn could influence Hg cycling. Therefore, this study explores Fe and S interactions across three distinct Everglades freshwater marshes in South Florida. Surface water SO42− was positively correlated with porewater sulfide (S2−) concentrations (r = 0.57) due to reducing conditions favoring conversion of SO42− to S2−. Dissolved Fe concentrations were lower in surface water than in porewater presumably due to geologic or biogeochemical reactions that precipitate Fe, essentially removing it from the water column. Both porewater S2− and surface water SO42− were negatively related with Fe porewater concentrations (r = −0.64 and r = −0.72, respectively). Sulfate reduction estimates were highly variable between sampling locations with high S2− to SO42− ratios occurring at relatively low porewater Fe concentrations, while low S2− to SO42− ratios occurred at high Fe concentrations. Porewater dissolved organic carbon (DOC) significantly influenced porewater S2− concentrations (R2 = 0.55 and slope = 0.74), suggesting that organic substrate supply could in part be regulating SO42− reduction. Iron was a major control of SO42− reduction and S cycling and thus has the potential to indirectly affect Hg cycling by altering patterns of SO42− reduction and mitigating SO42− reduction‐induced Hg methylation.
Estimation of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity during Infiltration Test with the Aid of ERT and Level‐Set Method
Authors: Chou Ting-Kuei , Chouteau Michel , Dubé Jean-Sébastien 
Published: June 2016

Core Ideas
A new technique for estimating the saturated hydraulic conductivity is developed.
It uses a combination of hydrogeophysical and numerical methods.
Electrical resistivity tomography and the instantaneous profile method are used.
The technique is validated using simple and complex numerical hydrogeological models.
Many hydrogeological and geophysical tools have been developed to determine subsoil properties, but they are often limited by sparse datasets and by the portability of the method from one site to another and often underestimate the complexity of the medium. We present a saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) estimation scheme, named the KES method, based on hydrogeophysical and numerical methods. The targeted medium of investigation is an unsaturated and heterogeneous soil. Estimation of Ks is accomplished by estimating the position of the wetting front and the distribution and velocity of flow lines during an infiltration test. Using numerical modeling, Ks is determined by minimizing the velocity difference between the measured flow lines and the modeled flow lines. Surface and buried electrodes are used as part of the electrical resistivity survey in determining the position of the wetting front. An instantaneous profile method is used to determine the water retention curve of the medium. The KES method has been tested and validated using data produced from simple and more complex geological models from published case studies. We obtained good reconstruction of the saturated hydraulic conductivity. We have found that the estimated value of Ks in log scale has a mean error <2.5%. Error increases along the boundaries of different hydrofacies.
Riscos Ambientais e Sociais – uma leitura da qualidade de vida dos residentes em áreas subnormais em Anápolis/Goiás (2008/2009)
Authors: D’arc Bernardes Genilda , Galvão Tavares Giovana 
Published: June 2016

Este artigo apresenta estudo dos riscos sociais e ambientais dos residentes em áreas subnormais localizadas no espaço urbano do município de Anápolis. A metodologia utilizada foi quali-quantitativa e percorreu o seguinte caminho: levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tema; busca de informações geradas pelos meios de comunicação local; aplicação de questionários com moradores das áreas pesquisadas e observações etnográficas no campo. A coleta de dados proporcionou a identificação da expansão de áreas de riscos com o aumento de moradias precárias e de áreanão abordada, até aquele momento, nos relatórios sobre riscos e áreas subnormais emitidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Planejamento/Prefeitura de Anápolis. O texto também aborda a percepção dos moradores acerca de sua qualidade de vida.
A Consideração da Dimensão Ambiental na Prática de Elaboração dos Planos Diretores
Authors: Helena A. da Silva Fregonezi Luciana , Do Carmo de Lima Bezerra Maria , Fernandes Borges Shayene 
Published: June 2016

O trabalho objetiva analisar a situação atual da inserção da dimensão ambiental na elaboração dos Planos Diretores Urbanos. Discute o grau de adequabilidade dos instrumentos de gestão urbana à promoção da melhoria da qualidade ambiental dos espaços urbanos, ou seja, de como a interface entre os instrumentos de gestão das políticas urbana e ambiental, pode convergir para a construção da sustentabilidade ambiental das cidades. A análise procedida destaca o zoneamento ambiental previsto no Estatuto da Cidade como instrumento fundamental de apoio ao Plano Diretor Urbano no alcance da construção da cidade sustentável.
EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS: ALGUNS APONTAMENTOS SOBRE A AVALIAÇÃO E O CURRÍCULO
Authors: Louise Moreira Martins Franco Lila 
Published: June 2016

A modalidade de educação de jovens e adultos tem como objetivo oferecer a formação escolar a pessoas que não tiveram a oportunidade de concluir seus estudosna faixa etária adequada, proporcionando a escolarização desde a alfabetização e o letramento até a certificação para prosseguimento dos estudos no sistema regular de ensino. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar as propostas do Ministério da Educação à luz da teoria quanto à avaliação da aprendizagem e ao currículo praticado nesta modalidade de ensino. Destaca-se que a proposta de avaliação para estamodalidade presente na legislação tem a sua ênfase na certificação por exames de larga escala, podendo-se incluir visitas in loco na escola quando se constata distorçõesnas práticas pedagógicas. Cabe análise apurada sobre as finalidades desta legislação e proposições do Ministério da Educação quanto a possíveis contradições neste processo. Considera-se que é bastante pertinente uma análise criteriosa para o que está previsto na legislação e o que vem sendo implantado pelo Ministério da Educação em relação à formação dos jovens e adultos no país.
Establecimiento de la Autoría e Identidad de la Obra de Arte, Mediante el Estudio de la Producción de un Artista Aplicando un Método Cuantitativo-Cualitativo
Authors: Alonso Amalia Gragera , Carrizosa Manuel Vizuete 
Published: June 2016

La certificación de la autoría y de la identidad de una obra de arte, en este caso pintura, plantea dos problemas esenciales: el primero de ellos eliminar cualquier rasgo de interpretación subjetiva de las características identitaria de la obra, tanto en lo que se refiere a los gustos personales como a los intereses de la investigación; en segundo lugar, reducir la obra de arte a un mero tratamiento estadístico, supone prescindir del valor del espíritu de la obra y del contexto cultural que son determinantes en la producción de la misma. Se plantea el desarrollo de una metodología cuantitativo-cualitativa, a partir de la obra de un artista, ...Palabras-Clave: Investigación; Arte; Cuantitativo-Cualitativo.
Accuracy of Panoramic Radiograph in Assessment of the Relationship Between Mandibular Canal and Impacted Third Molars
Authors: Tantanapornkul Weeraya , Mavin Darika , Prapaiphittayakun Jaruthai , Phipatboonyarat Natnicha , Julphantong Wanchanok 
Published: June 2016

Background:
The relationship between impacted mandibular third molar and mandibular canal is important for removal of this tooth. Panoramic radiography is one of the commonly used diagnostic tools for evaluating the relationship of these two structures.

Objectives:
To evaluate the accuracy of panoramic radiographic findings in predicting direct contact between mandibular canal and impacted third molars on 3D digital images, and to define panoramic criterion in predicting direct contact between the two structures.

Methods:
Two observers examined panoramic radiographs of 178 patients (256 impacted mandibular third molars). Panoramic findings of interruption of mandibular canal wall, isolated or with darkening of third molar root, diversion of mandibular canal and narrowing of third molar root were evaluated for 3D digital radiography. Direct contact between mandibular canal and impacted third molars on 3D digital images was then correlated with panoramic findings. Panoramic criterion was also defined in predicting direct contact between the two structures.

Results:
Panoramic findings of interruption of mandibular canal wall, isolated or with darkening of third molar root were statistically significantly correlated with direct contact between mandibular canal and impacted third molars on 3D digital images (p < 0.005), and were defined as panoramic criteria in predicting direct contact between the two structures.

Conclusion:
Interruption of mandibular canal wall, isolated or with darkening of third molar root observed on panoramic radiographs were effective in predicting direct contact between mandibular canal and impacted third molars on 3D digital images. Panoramic radiography is one of the efficient diagnostic tools for pre-operative assessment of impacted mandibular third molars.
Role of Vitex negundo L. as a Natural Repellent, a Powerful Discutient and a Fungicide of Rural Jharkhand, India.
Authors: Kumari Jayanti , C.* Singh T. N. 
Published: June 2016

Vitex negundo L. is a shrub or a small tree growing throughout Jharkhand. It is grown on the boundaries of agriculture fields and houses in rural Jharkhand. The plant is an established source of drugs such as β-Sitosterol (Leaves and root) p-hydroxy benzoic and 5-hydroxylsophthalic acid (Leaves). It is widely used by the village folks as a repellent, a powerful discutient and fungicide.
Grazing Management Effects on Sediment and Phosphorus in Surface Runoff
Authors: Haan Mathew M. , Russell James R. , Powers Wendy J. ,   Society for Range Management
Published: June 2016

Sediment and phosphorus (P) in runoff from pastures are potential non-point-source pollutants in surface waters that may be influenced by surface cover, sward height, treading damage, surface slope, soil moisture, and soil P. The objectives of the current study were to quantify sediment and total P loads in runoff produced during simulated rainfall from pastures and to evaluate their relationships with the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil and sward. Five forage management treatments—ungrazed (U), hay harvest/fall stockpile grazing (HS), continuous stocking to a sward height of 5 cm (5C), and rotational stocking to sward heights of 5 (5R) or 10 (10R) cm—were established in triplicate 0.40-ha paddocks in 3 smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermisLeyss.) pastures for 3 years. Rainfall simulations were conducted at a rainfall intensity of 7.1 cm h-1 for 1.5 hours over a 0.5-m2 area in 3 locations at 2 slope ranges in each paddock in June, August, and October of each year and the subsequent April. Forage management did not affect mean sediment load (7.365.0 kg ha-1 h-1). Mean total P load was greatest from 5C treatment (0.071 +/- 0.011 kg ha-1 h-1), did not differ among the U, HS, and 10R treatments (0.019 +/- 0.011 kg ha-1 h-1), and was intermediate in the 5R treatment (0.053 +/- 0.011 kg ha-1 h-1). Of the soil and sward characteristics measured, percentage surface cover was most highly related to sediment load (R2=0.16) and total P load (R2=0.10). Surface runoff from pastures managed to maintain adequate residual forage cover did not contribute greater sediment or P to surface waters than an ungrazed grassland
Three Faces of Fragile X
Authors: Lieb-Lundell Cornelia C.E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is the first of 3 syndromes identified as a health condition related to fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene dysfunction. The other 2 syndromes are fragile X–associated primary ovarian insufficiency syndrome (FXPOI) and fragile X–associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), which together are referred to as fragile X–associated disorders (FXDs). Collectively, this group comprises the 3 faces of fragile X. Even though the 3 conditions share a common genetic defect, each one is a separate health condition that results in a variety of body function impairments such as motor delay, musculoskeletal issues related to low muscle tone, coordination limitations, ataxia, tremor, undefined muscle aches and pains, and, for FXTAS, a late-onset neurodegeneration. Although each FXD condition may benefit from physical therapy intervention, available evidence as to the efficacy of intervention appropriate to FXDs is lacking. This perspective article will discuss the genetic basis of FMR1 gene dysfunction and describe health conditions related to this mutation, which have a range of expressions within a family. Physical therapy concerns and possible assessment and intervention strategies will be introduced. Understanding the intergenerational effect of the FMR1 mutation with potential life-span expression is a key component to identifying and treating the health conditions related to this specific genetic condition.
Interdisciplinary Approach to Fall Prevention in a High-Risk Inpatient Pediatric Population: Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Stubbs Kendra E. , Sikes Lindsay 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background
Within a tertiary care pediatric medical center, the largest number of inpatient falls (8.84 falls per 1,000 patient days) occurred within a 14-bed rehabilitation/transitional care unit between February and September 2009. An interdisciplinary fall prevention program, called “Red Light, Green Light,” was developed to better educate all staff and family members to ensure safety of transfers and ambulation of children with neurological impairments.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to develop and implement an interdisciplinary pediatric fall prevention program to reduce total falls and falls with family members present in this population.

Design
Preintervention 2009 data and longitudinal data from 2010–2014 were obtained from retrospective review of event/incident reports. This quality improvement project was based on inpatient pediatric admissions to a rehabilitation care unit accommodating children with neurological impairments.

Methods
Data extraction included: total falls, falls with caregiver (alone versus staff versus family), type of falls, and falls by diagnosis. Descriptive statistics were obtained on outcome measures; chi-square statistics were calculated on preintervention and postintervention comparisons.

Results
Total falls decreased steadily from 8.84 falls per 1,000 patient days in 2009 to 1.79 falls per 1,000 patient days in 2014 (χ12=3.901, P=.048). Falls with family members present decreased 50% postintervention. (χ12=6.26, P=.012).

Limitations
Limitations included unit size nearly doubled postintervention, event reporting changed to both uncontrolled and controlled therapy falls (safely lowering patient to bed, chair, or floor), and enhanced reporting increased numbers of postintervention falls.

Conclusions
The Red Light, Green Light program has resulted in reductions in overall fall rates, falls with family members present, increased staff collaboration, heightened staff and family safety awareness, and a safer environment for patients at high risk for neurological or musculoskeletal impairments.
Ultrasonic fatigue testing in the scanning electron microscope
Authors: Söker Marcus , Galster Michael , Krupp Ulrich , Dönges Benjamin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The continuing trend to increase the performance and durability of machines requires the use of materials, whose structural integrity must be ensured far beyond the classical fatigue limit. In this so-called „very high cycle fatigue“ regime (VHCF), the materials show a strong scatter in fatigue life, which makes life service assessment difficult. Present studies on austenitic-ferritic duplex steel 1.4462 (X2CrNiMoN22-5-3) have shown that the reason of this scatter in fatigue life can be found in the microstructural length scale mainly due to the barrier effect of grain and phase boundaries. The integration of an ultrasonic fatigue testing system in a high-resolution scanning electron microscope allows observing and evaluating the active microstructural mechanisms of fatigue crack initiation and early crack propagation, such as the formation and propagation of slip bands, during the majority of VHCF life. Additional micro texture measurements by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) provide data for the development of a mechanism-oriented numerical short crack simulation. In the context of crack initiation and propagation in the VHCF regime in duplex stainless steel, the focus of the present paper is put on the technical realization of the in-situ ultrasonic fatigue testing in the scanning electron microscope.