bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired mitochondrial function in bipolar disorder and alcohol use disorder: a case study using 18F-BCPP-EF PET imaging of mitochondrial Complex I
Authors: Wigstrom Travis P , Roytman Stiven , Bohnen Jeffrey L B , Paalanen Rebecca R , Griggs Alexis M , Vangel Robert , Barr Jaimie , Albin Roger , Kanel Prabesh , Bohnen Nicolaas I 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
With bipolar disorder (BD) having a lifetime prevalence of 4.4% and a significant portion of patients being chronically burdened by symptoms, there has been an increased focus on uncovering new targets for intervention in BD. One area that has shown early promise is the mitochondrial hypothesis. However, at the time of publication no studies have utilized positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to assess mitochondrial function in the setting of BD.

Case Presentation
Our participant is a 58 year-old male with a past medical history notable for alcohol use disorder and BD (unspecified type) who underwent PET imaging with the mitochondrial complex I PET ligand 18F-BCPP-EF. The resulting images demonstrated significant overlap between areas of dysfunction identified with the 18F-BCPP-EF PET ligand and prior functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in the setting of BD. That overlap was seen in both affective and cognitive circuits, with mitochondrial dysfunction in the fronto-limbic, ventral affective, and dorsal cognitive circuits showing particularly significant differences.

Conclusions
Despite mounting evidence implicating mitochondria in BD, this study represents the first PET imaging study to investigate this mechanistic connection. There were key limitations in the form of comorbid alcohol use disorder, limited statistical power inherent to a case study, no sex matched controls, and the absence of a comprehensive psychiatric history. However, even with these limitations in mind, the significant overlap between dysfunction previously demonstrated on functional MRI and this imaging provides compelling preliminary evidence that strengthens the mechanistic link between mitochondrial dysfunction and BD.
Shorting the Dollar When Global Stock Markets Roar: The Equity Hedging Channel of Exchange Rate Determination
Authors: Ben Zeev Nadav , Nathan Daniel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of global equity market value shocks on institutional investors’ (IIs’) hedging behavior and the resultant effects on exchange rates. Employing unique granular daily data on Israeli IIs’ foreign exchange (FX) forward flows and prices and a granular instrumental variable estimation approach, we find that foreign equity market value shocks generate significant selling of U.S. dollar forwards by IIs, as a hedge against heightened FX exposure, along with significant exchange rate appreciation. A value-shock-induced one-standard-deviation increase in IIs’ supply of forward flows appreciates IIs’ forward rate by 0.53%. (JEL E44, F3, F31, G15, G23)
Integrating machine learning for the optimization of polyacrylamide/alginate hydrogel
Authors: Xu Shaohua , Chen Xun , Wang Si , Chen Zhiwei , Pan Penghui , Huang Qiaoling 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Hydrogels are highly promising due to their soft texture and excellent biocompatibility. However, the designation and optimization of hydrogels involve numerous experimental parameters, posing challenges in achieving rapid optimization through conventional experimental methods. In this study, we leverage machine learning algorithms to optimize a dual-network hydrogel based on a blend of acrylamide (AM) and alginate, targeting applications in flexible electronics. By treating the concentrations of components as experimental parameters and utilizing five material properties as evaluation criteria, we conduct a comprehensive property assessment of the material using a linear weighting method. Subsequently, we design a series of experimental plans using the Bayesian optimization algorithm and validate them experimentally. Through iterative refinement, we optimize the experimental parameters, resulting in a hydrogel with superior overall properties, including heightened strain sensitivity and flexibility. Leveraging the available experimental data, we employ a classification algorithm to separate the cutoff data. The feature importance identified by the classification model highlights the pronounced impact of AM, ammonium persulfate, and N,N-methylene on the classification outcomes. Additionally, we develop a regression model and demonstrate its utility in predicting and analyzing the relationship between experimental parameters and hydrogel properties through experimental validation.
Associations between 6-minute walk distance and physiologic measures and clinical outcomes in myositis-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Bae Sangmee Sharon , Markovic Daniela , Saygin Didem , Sullivan Daniel , Yamaguchi Koichi , Moghadam-Kia Siamak , Oddis Chester V , Abtin Fereidoun , Kim Grace Hyun J , Marder Galina , Venuturupalli Swamy , Dellaripa Paul F , Danoff Sonye , Doyle Tracy , Hunninghake Gary , Lee Joyce S , Falk Jeremy , Johnson Cheilonda , Goldin Jonathan , Tashkin Donald , Charles-Schoeman Christina , Aggarwal Rohit 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is a simple test widely used to assess sub-maximal exercise capacity in chronic respiratory diseases. We explored the relationship of 6-min walk distance (6MWD) with measurements of physiological, clinical, radiographic measures in patients with myositis-associated interstitial lung disease (MA-ILD).

Method
We analysed data from the Abatacept in Myositis Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (Attack My-ILD) study, a 48-week multicentre randomized trial of patients with anti-synthetase antibodies and active MA-ILD. 6MWD, forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusing capacity (DLCO), high-resolution CT and various physician-/patient-reported outcome measures were obtained during the trial. Spearman’s correlations and repeated-measures analysis with linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the associations between 6MWD and various physiologic, clinical and radiographic parameters both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

Results
Twenty participants with a median age of 57 years, 55% male and 85% white were analysed. Baseline 6MWD did not associate with baseline pulmonary function tests. Repeated-measures analysis showed 6MWD over time associated with FVC over time, but not with DLCO. 6MWD over time also correlated with University of California San Diego Shortness of Breath questionnaire dyspnoea score, Borg scores, as well as global disease activity and muscle strength over time. Emotional role functioning, vitality, general health and physical functioning scores by Short Form 36 also correlated with 6MWD over time.

Conclusions
Exploratory work in a small cohort of MA-ILD demonstrated 6MWD over time associated with parallel changes in FVC and patient-reported outcomes of dyspnoea, but not with DLCO. Larger studies are needed to validate the reliability, responsiveness and utility of the 6MWT in MA-ILD.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03215927.
Deep mutational scanning of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.86 and epistatic emergence of the KP.3 variant
Authors: Taylor Ashley L , Starr Tyler N 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Deep mutational scanning experiments aid in the surveillance and forecasting of viral evolution by providing prospective measurements of mutational effects on viral traits, but epistatic shifts in the impacts of mutations can hinder viral forecasting when measurements were made in outdated strain backgrounds. Here, we report measurements of the impact of all single amino acid mutations on ACE2-binding affinity and protein folding and expression in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.86 spike receptor-binding domain. As with other SARS-CoV-2 variants, we find a plastic and evolvable basis for receptor binding, with many mutations at the ACE2 interface maintaining or even improving ACE2-binding affinity. Despite its large genetic divergence, mutational effects in BA.2.86 have not diverged greatly from those measured in its Omicron BA.2 ancestor. However, we do identify strong positive epistasis among subsequent mutations that have accrued in BA.2.86 descendants. Specifically, the Q493E mutation that decreased ACE2-binding affinity in all previous SARS-CoV-2 backgrounds is reversed in sign to enhance human ACE2-binding affinity when coupled with L455S and F456L in the currently emerging KP.3 variant. Our results point to a modest degree of epistatic drift in mutational effects during recent SARS-CoV-2 evolution but highlight how these small epistatic shifts can have important consequences for the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants.
SARS-CoV-2 variant replacement constrains vaccine-specific viral diversification
Authors: Dearlove Bethany L , Fries Anthony C , Epsi Nusrat J , Richard Stephanie A , Ganesan Anuradha , Huprikar Nikhil , Lindholm David A , Mende Katrin , Colombo Rhonda E , Colombo Christopher , Bai Hongjun , Larson Derek T , Ewers Evan C , Lalani Tahaniyat , Smith Alfred G , Berjohn Catherine M , Maves Ryan C , Jones Milissa U , Saunders David , Maldonado Carlos J , Mody Rupal M , Bazan Samantha E , Tribble David R , Burgess Timothy , Simons Mark P , Agan Brian K , Pollett Simon D , Rolland Morgane 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine breakthrough infections have been important for all circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant periods, but the contribution of vaccine-specific SARS-CoV-2 viral diversification to vaccine failure remains unclear. This study analyzed 595 SARS-CoV-2 sequences collected from the Military Health System beneficiaries between December 2020 and April 2022 to investigate the impact of vaccination on viral diversity. By comparing sequences based on the vaccination status of the participant, we found limited evidence indicating that vaccination was associated with increased viral diversity in the SARS-CoV-2 spike, and we show little to no evidence of a substantial sieve effect within major variants; rather, we show that rapid variant replacement constrained intragenotype COVID-19 vaccine strain immune escape. These data suggest that, during past and perhaps future periods of rapid SARS-CoV-2 variant replacement, vaccine-mediated effects were subsumed with other drivers of viral diversity due to the massive scale of infections and vaccinations that occurred in a short time frame. However, our results also highlight some limitations of using sieve analysis methods outside of placebo-controlled clinical trials.
Gouty Tophus Erodes Nasal Bone But Presents as Painless Hump
Authors: Xia Hou-Fu , Yu Ming-Yang , Ma Si-Rui , Yu Zi-Li , Jia Jun 
Published: September 2024

A 32-year-old male presented with a painless swelling on his nasal dorsum, persisting for over 3 months. He reported a gradual increase in the size of the mass, with no identifiable triggers except occasional skin redness. He denied nosebleeds, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, trauma, prior surgery, or spontaneous pain. His medical history revealed gout, managed with colchicine and diclofenac. Despite dietary and pharmaceutical interventions, he continued to have bouts of hyperuricemia, with blood uric acid levels measuring 739 μmol/L. Multiple tophi were evident, especially on the left first metatarsophalangeal joint (Figure 1A). Examination revealed an irregularly shaped, immobile, hard swelling at the nasal radix, measuring 3 cm×2 cm. Computerized tomography (CT) imaging of the nose showed bilateral nasal bone destruction from the lesion. Given its impact on the patient’s appearance and his history of gout, the mass was initially diagnosed as unusual gouty tophus. The patient requested surgical removal of the lesion, and the dissection revealed a mass partly encased by a capsule-like connective tissue adherent to the nasal bone. As the lesion damaged the nasal bone, removal of the lesion led to defect of nasal bone. After an extensive rinse of the surgery site, the incision was sutured.
Laparoscopic Pylorus Preserving Gastrectomy vs Distal Gastrectomy for Early Gastric Cancer; A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (KLASS-04)
Authors: Lee Hyuk-Joon , Kim Young-Woo , Park Do Joong , Han Sang Uk , Ryu Keun Won , Kim Hyung-Ho , Hyung Woo Jin , Park Ji-Ho , Suh Yun-Suhk , Kwon Oh-Kyung , Kim Wook , Park Young-Kyu , Yoon Hong Man , Ahn Sang-Hoon , Kong Seong-Ho , Yang Han-Kwang 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the long-term outcomes of laparoscopic pylorus preserving gastrectomy (LPPG) with laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) for early gastric cancer (EGC).

Summary Background Data:
PPG is considered as a function preserving surgery for EGC. However, there has been no multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing PPG with DG until now.

Methods:
A multicenter randomized controlled trial (KLASS-04) with 256 patients with cT1N0M0 gastric cancer located in the mid portion of the stomach was conducted. The primary endpoint was the incidence of dumping syndrome at postoperative 1 year. Secondary endpoints included survival and recurrence, gallstone formation, nutritional parameters, gastroscopic findings, and quality of life (QOL) for 3 years.

Results:
In the intention-to-treat analyses, there was no difference in the incidence of dumping syndrome at one year postoperatively (13.2% in LPPG vs. 15.8% in LDG, P=0.622). Gallstone formation after surgery was significantly lower in LPPG than in LDG (2.33% vs. 8.66%, P=0.026). Hemoglobin (+0.01 vs. −0.76 gm/dL, P<0.001) and serum protein (−0.15 vs. −0.35 gm/dL, P=0.002) were significantly preserved after LPPG. However, reflux esophagitis (17.8% vs. 6.3%, P=0.005) and grade IV delayed gastric emptying (16.3% vs. 3.9%, P=0.001) were more common in LPPG. Changes in body weight and postoperative QOL were not significantly different between groups. Three-year overall survival and disease-free survival were not different (1 case of recurrence of in each group, P=0.98).

Conclusions:
LPPG can be used as an alternative surgical option for cT1N0M0 gastric cancer in the mid portion of the stomach.
Cis-Regulatory Element and Transcription Factor Circuitry Required for Cell-Type Specific Expression of FOXP3
Authors: Umhoefer Jennifer M. , Arce Maya M. , Whalen Sean , Dajani Rama , Goudy Laine , Kasinathan Sivakanthan , Belk Julia A. , Zhang Wenxi , Zhou Royce , Subramanya Sanjana , Hernandez Rosmely , Tran Carinna , Kirthivasan Nikhita , Freimer Jacob W. , Mowery Cody T. , Nguyen Vinh , Ota Mineto , Gowen Benjamin G. , Simeonov Dimitre R. , Curie Gemma L. , Li Zhongmei , Corn Jacob E. , Chang Howard Y. , Gilbert Luke A. , Satpathy Ansuman T. , Pollard Katherine S. , Marson Alexander 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARYFOXP3 is a lineage-defining transcription factor (TF) for immune-suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). While mice exclusively express FOXP3 in Tregs, humans also transiently express FOXP3 in stimulated conventional CD4+ T cells (Tconvs). Mechanisms governing these distinct expression patterns remain unknown. Here, we performed CRISPR screens tiling theFOXP3locus and targeting TFs in human Tregs and Tconvs to discover cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and trans-regulators of FOXP3. Tconv FOXP3 expression depended on a subset of Treg CREs and Tconv-selective positive (TcNS+) and negative (TcNS-) CREs. The CREs are occupied and regulated by TFs we identified as critical regulators of FOXP3. Finally, mutagenesis of murine TcNS- revealed that it is critical for restriction of FOXP3 expression to Tregs. We discover CRE and TF circuitry controlling FOXP3 expression and reveal evolution of mechanisms regulating a gene indispensable to immune homeostasis.HighlightsComprehensive CRISPR maps of CREs and TFs controlling FOXP3 in human Tregs and TconvsKey TFs that control FOXP3 directly occupy and regulate CREs forming TF-CRE circuitsA previously unknown negative CRE stringently restricts FOXP3 to Tregs in mice
The awareness and practice of female genital mutilation in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Joshua-Raji Esther T. , Dave-Agboola Itunu O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe extensive practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is common in Nigerian societies, and it is generally done on infants as early as eight days after giving birth to them in early childhood, but it is usually done before marriage or before the first child is delivered. FGM has apparently caused pain to women, varying from infection, haemorrhage to difficulty in childbirth, even emotional distress.ObjectivesThis study wherefore investigated the awareness and practice of female genital mutilation in Alimosho local government area, Lagos state, Nigeria to recognize the influence of the practice of FGM and suggest how to stop the danger of FGM in the society. A cross-sectional study was done to appraise the awareness and practices of female genital mutilation among the residents of Alimosho local government area of Lagos state.MethodsA self-structured questionnaire was given to 301 males and females selected randomly, and the data were analysed using the Chi-square statistical tool.ResultThe result shows that while there is a significant level of knowledge and awareness regarding Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in this area, there remains a minute section of the populace that are unaware of the danger associated with the practice of FGM.ConclusionIt is highly commendable that women and men should be educated by the health personnel or people who are well educated on the danger FGM imposes on their health in order to stop the practice of FGM, and the government should enforce the penalties on the violators of FGM laws.
Industry 4.0 supply chain nexus: sequential mediating effects of traceability, visibility and resilience on performance
Authors: Riaz Adil , Rehman Hafiz Mudassir , Sohail Aamir , Rehman Mobashar 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThe research frontier concerning the relationship between Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and supply chain performance (SCP) in manufacturing is currently lacking in a comprehensive examination. This study examines the relationship between I4.0 adoption and SCP. Additionally, the study examines the mediating effects of supply chain traceability (SCT), supply chain visibility (SCV) and supply chain resilience (SCR), both individually and sequentially.Design/methodology/approachThe data were garnered from 510 managers of manufacturing firms, and PLS-SEM was applied to examine the sequential mediation effect of SCT, SCV and SCR between I4.0 and SCP.FindingsResults indicate a statistically significant direct relationship between I4.0 adoption and SCP. Furthermore, SCT mediates the impact of I4.0 on SCP. Similarly, results showed that SCV mediates the impact of I4.0 on SCP and SCR mediates the impact of I4.0 on SCP. Moreover, the relation between I4.0 adoption and SCP is substantially influenced by the sequential effects of SCT, SCV and SCR. The study provides novel empirical evidence by investigating the sequential mediation roles of SCT, SCV and SCR between I4.0 adoption and SCP through the lens of the resource-based view (RBV) perspective.Practical implicationsPolicymakers must prioritize the promotion of I4.0 integration to strengthen the performance of manufacturing supply chains (SC). This can be achieved by improving traceability, visibility and resilience within these SCs.Originality/valueThe originality of this study lies in its use of the sequential mediation effect of SCT, SCV and SCR between I4.0 and SCP under the theoretical lens of RBV.
Circular economy implementation in the construction industry: an examination of the barriers in a developing country
Authors: Bello Abdulkabir Opeyemi , Isa Rasheed Babatunde , Oke Ayodeji Emmanuel , Arogundade Suhaib , Lewis Joyce Mdananebari Obuso 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThis study examines the barriers impeding the implementation of circular economy (CE) practices in the Nigerian architecture, engineering, construction and operation (AECO) industry across diverse regions of Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts a quantitative approach using a five-Likert scale questionnaire (Google Forms), utilizing various analytical tools, encompassing descriptive and inferential statistics. This methodological approach allows for a multifaceted exploration of the intricacies surrounding the barriers to circular CE.FindingsThe study identifies and examines 24 CE barriers which are determined to be significant to the implementation of CE. These barriers were categorized into four categories: “Economic”, “Market and Information”, “Policy and Operational” and “ product development”.Research limitations/implicationsThe adopted sampling technique may restrict the generalizability of the findings within and beyond the selected regions. Furthermore, while the analytical methods offer a comprehensive analysis, they may not capture the nuanced intricacies that qualitative methodology could provide. However, the findings can be applied to other developing countries with characteristics similar to those of the Nigerian construction industry.Practical implicationsThe study’s findings are significant for stakeholders such as policymakers, industry and academia. By elucidating CE-specific barriers, the research facilitates the formulation of targeted and tailored strategies, fostering the integration of CE principles in the Nigerian construction industry.Originality/valueThis study presents novel insights into the barriers hindering the implementation of CE in the Nigerian construction industry. Offering tailored strategies and categorizing barriers into clusters adds a unique perspective to CE literature, particularly in developing countries.
The effect of flexible working arrangements on educator performance in Indonesia
Authors: Jimad Habibullah , Roslina Roslina , Yuningsih Yuningsih 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the implementation of flexible working arrangements and satisfaction, family work conflicts and the performance of educators. The potential benefits of FWA implementation for life balance highlight the importance of this research. The study’s results can be used as study material to make policies on implementing FWA for educators.Design/methodology/approachThe research uses the survey method and conducts interviews with educators who are selected and willing to be interviewed. The research sample was taken by the non-probability sampling method from 245 participants. The analysis used is PLS-SEM.FindingsThe findings indicated that flexible working arrangements had no impact on job satisfaction. The variable that has the greatest influence on determining the performance of educators is job satisfaction.Originality/valueThe study provides information about the application of flexible working arrangements, provides flexibility for educators to change work schedules, do work from anywhere, regulate work patterns and regulate work duration. This study is unique as it focuses more on flexible work arrangements related to remote work arrangements for educators, as the authors understand that no previous study was conducted.