bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Vancomycin Powder to Prevent Wound Infection in Spine Surgery: Protocol of Randomized Control Trail
Authors: Alhammoud Abduljabbar , Baco Abdul Moeen , Head Marcus , Mehrab Nasser , Arbash Mahmoud 
Published: April 2016

Introuduction Postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) continues to be an important problem after orthopedic procedures, especially spine surgery. Reported incidences of surgical-site infection among patients who undergo spine surgery range from 2% to 6% and > 10% after instrumented fusions. Postoperative surgical-site infection is associated with an important rate of complications and cost. One of the methods to decrees the incidence of SSI is using intrawound local vancomycin. The current evidence supporting the use of intra wound vancomycin powder in surgical wounds is limited and controversial Material and Methods A prospective, single-center, randomized, parallel group controlled trial will conduct in orthopedic department, Hamad General Hospital. 198 patients, 18 years or older patients, will undergo to open spine surgery with or without instrumentation, will be randomly assigned to receive intrawound vancomycin as intervention group or systemic antibiotic (stander of care) as control group. Exclusion criteria include hypersensitivity to vancomycin, Immune compromised status, Unable to continue in follow up. Result Primary outcome is the incidence of wound infection after open spine surgery for adult patients, and the secondary outcomes are total infection-related medical cost compared with the cost of vancomycin powder, Adverse effects of local vancomycin, Length of hospitalization. Wound infection will assess according to ASEPSIS score. Results will be analyzed using SPSS software (SPSS), Differences between two groups (control-intervention) will be tested using of t-test, Fisher's exact test. Conclusion The aim of this study is to detect the effectiveness of local vancomycin (intra-wound) in decreasing the post op surgical site infection in open spine surgery with or without instrumentation, and possible implanted as stander of care in Hamad General Hospital.
Are ESR and CRP Acceptable Predictors for Early Post Spinal Surgery Infectious Complication?
Authors: Safaei Saeid 
Published: April 2016

Introduction ESR and CRP are nonspecific markers of inflammation, used to evaluate post operative infection. CRP is a predictable consisting of a post operative rise and a peak followed by a decrease toward the normal value. Deviation from normal kinematics may be an indication of infection Material and Methods ESR and CRP collected before surgery – 1 – 3 – 7 – 14 – 30 – 45 days post operative in consecutive patients. All infection and abnormal elevation recorded. 60 patients collected with below criteria's (age – sex – etiology – blood loss –Hb – operation time – ESR & CRP before and after operation- temperature – levels of operation - anatomic area and operation approach). Results CRP increased post operative and then decreased slowly during 30 days post operatively, second rise or failure to decrease was not specific in our study. More than 80% of our patients had CRP & ESR elevated more than 30 days without symptoms and signs of infection. We had one superficial. CRP++ or+++ can be for 30 days and ESR more than 20 mm Hg can be 40 days without early post operative infection in spinal surgery. There were correlation between soft tissue damage (long op time – number of levels – combined ASF & PSF) and increased CRP and ESR. ASF alone had no high rise in CRP. In Lumbar PSF operation CRP riser was more than thoracic – cervical or ASF alone. Conclusion ESR and CRP are not predictable factors for early post spinal surgeries infection diagnosis, but specificity and sensitivity of CRP is higher than ESR, when a second rise will be happen.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Minimally Invasive Sacroiliac Joint Fusion Using Triangular Titanium Implants vs. NonSurgical Management for Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction
Authors: Polly David W. , Cher Daniel , Wine Kathryn , Whang Peter , Frank Clay , Lockstadt Harry , Harvey Charles , Sembrano Jonathan 
Published: April 2016

Introduction Sacroiliac (SI) joint dysfunction is a prevalent cause of unremitting low back pain. Does minimally invasive SIJ fusion provide superior outcomes compared with nonsurgical treatment? Methods 148 subjects with SI joint dysfunction were randomly assigned at 19 US centers to minimally invasive SI joint fusion with triangular titanium implants ( N = 102) or nonsurgical management (NSM, n = 46). Pain, disability and quality of life scores were collected at baseline and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Success rates were compared using Bayesian methods. Crossover from nonsurgical to surgical care was allowed after the 6month study visit was complete. Results Sixmonth success rates were higher in the surgical group (81.4% versus 26.1%, posterior probability of superiority > 0.9999). Clinically important (≥15 point) ODI improvement at 6 months occurred in 73.3% of the SIJ fusion group versus 13.6% of the NSM group ( p < 0.0001). Improvements in SIJ pain and ODI were sustained at 12 months in the surgical group. Subjects who crossed over had improvements in pain, disability and quality of life similar to those in the original surgical group. Adverse events were slightly more common in the surgical group (1.3 versus 1.1 events per subject, p = 0.3063). One patient underwent immediate revision surgery for neuropathic pain related to implant malposition. 77 and 78% of subjects assigned to SIJ fusion were “very satisfied” with SIJ fusion at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Conclusions In this study, minimally invasive SI joint fusion using triangular titanium implants was more effective than nonsurgical management at one year in relieving pain, improving function and improving quality of life in patients with SI joint dysfunction.
Microdiscectomy Reduces Back Pain in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Junior Charbel Jacob , Cardoso Igor Machado , Junior José Lucas Batista , Maia Thiago Cardoso , Brazolino Marcus Alexandre Novo , Debom Tadeu Gervazoni , Roncaglio Bruno 
Published: April 2016

Introduction It is estimated that ~80% of the population will present back pain, which can be caused by lumbar disc herniation, impairing quality of life of patients. Surgical intervention may be necessary in some cases, although there are discussions about the effectiveness of different interventions possible. We aimed therefore to evaluate the influence of microdiscectomy in quality of life of patients with low back pain and lumbar disc herniation. Methods Prospective and comparative study, in which we compared the results of questionnaires for quality of life (SF-36) and low back pain (Roland Morris) in patients in the pre and postoperative microdiscectomy, through Student t-test, p < 0.05. Results We evaluated 25 patients, 16 men and 9 women, with mean age 32,8 years. Improved quality of life as indicated by the increase in all eight components of the questionnaire SF-36: 1) functional capacity: 15.4 to 82.1; 2) physical aspects: 0 to 83.3; 3) pain: 16.6 to 80.9; 4) general state: 56.2 to 80.3; 5) vitality: 50.6 to 78.8; 6) social aspects: 32.3 to 88.5; 7) emotional aspects: 20.8 to 81.9; 8) mental health: 60.2 to 79.5. Furthermore, there was significant reduction in Roland Morris questionnaire scores (preoperative: 17.5 ± 5.1 versus postoperative: 0.9 ± 2.2), reflecting a reduction of low back pain during the postoperative period. Conclusion: We conclude that low back pain is present and often debilitating for patients with disc herniated and, aftes lumbar microdiscectomy occurs decline or absence of back pain.
Bone mass in girls according to their BMI, VO2 max, hours and years of practice
Authors: Ubago‐Guisado Esther , Martinez‐Rodriguez Alejandro , Gallardo Leonor , Sánchez‐Sánchez Javier 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe accumulation of bone mass during puberty is related with bone health in adulthood. This accumulation is influenced by diverse factors such as body mass index (BMI), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), hours of training and years of sport practice. For this reason, the objective of this study is to analyse the influence of these variables on bone mass in young female athletes. The sample is formed of 120 healthy girls with ages between 9 and 13 (11.32 ± 1.6 years old), divided into two groups depending on their BMI, VO2 max, hours of training and years of sport practice. The participants completed a series of tests to evaluate level of sexual development, body composition (fat mass, lean mass and bone mass) and physical condition. The results show higher values of total lean mass, total fat mass and percentage of body fat in the groups with higher BMI in prepubertal girls and pubertal girls (p < .05). In relation to VO2 max, in the prepubertal group, girls with lower VO2 max had higher values of total fat mass (p < .05) and percentage of body fat (p < .05). In the pubertal group, girls with lower VO2 max also showed a higher total fat mass (p < .05). The studied variables account for a 85% and 75.4% of the variance of total bone mineral content and bone mineral density (BMD), respectively. In conclusion, the content and BMD are closely related with muscle mass and sports practice in young females. The amount of fat mass showed no association with bone mass and physical condition has an indirect relationship with bone development.
America and the American Revolution in British Geographical Thought, c.1760–1830
Authors: Stock Paul 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article investigates British ideas about ‘America’ in the years before and after the American Revolution. What characteristics and qualities were thought to distinguish the continent from other parts of the globe? How did the Revolution affect ideas about ‘American’ space? Existing studies tend to present the Revolution as a disruptive moment in British intellectual life. Instead, this article analyses mainstream geographical works—sources which, due to their popularity and summative nature, can help expose the longstanding, formative ideas about America circulating widely in British literate culture. Collectively, these books interpreted America both as a novel space literally and conceptually outside the ‘Old World’ and as a space defined in terms of Britain and its European neighbours. Significantly, the books’ responses to the Revolution were shaped by the same conceptual frameworks. This means that, far from signalling a comprehensive shift in British perceptions of the continent, Revolutionary events were inserted into established narratives; they were used to reinforce and amplify existing structures and terminologies for understanding America in British literate culture.
On the void explanation of the Cold Spot
Authors: Marcos-Caballero A. , Fernández-Cobos R. , Martínez-González E. , Vielva P. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The integrated Sachs–Wolfe (ISW) contribution induced on the cosmic microwave background by the presence of a supervoid as the one detected by Szapudi et al. (2015) is reviewed in this letter in order to check whether it could explain the Cold Spot (CS) anomaly. Two different models, previously used for the same purpose, are considered to describe the matter density profile of the void: a top hat function and a compensated profile produced by a Gaussian potential. The analysis shows that, even enabling ellipticity changes or different values for the dark-energy equation of state parameter ω, the ISW contribution due to the presence of the void does not reproduce the properties of the CS.
AGN jet power, formation of X-ray cavities, and FR I/II dichotomy in galaxy clusters
Authors: Fujita Yutaka , Kawakatu Nozomu , Shlosman Isaac 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We investigate the ability of jets in active galactic nuclei to break out of the ambient gas with sufficiently large advance velocities. Using observationally estimated jet power, we analyze 28 bright elliptical galaxies in nearby galaxy clusters. Because the gas density profiles in the innermost regions of galaxies have not been resolved so far, we consider two extreme cases for temperature and density profiles. We also follow two types of evolution for the jet cocoons: being driven by the pressure inside the cocoon [Fanaroff–Riley (FR) type I], and being driven by the jet momentum (FR type II). Our main result is that regardless of the assumed form of the density profiles, jets with observed powers of ≲1044 erg s−1 are not powerful enough to evolve as FR II sources. Instead, they evolve as FR I sources and appear to be decelerated below the buoyant velocities of the cocoons when jets were propagating through the central dense regions of the host galaxies. This explains why FR I sources are more frequent than FR II sources in clusters. Furthermore, we predict the sizes of X-ray cavities from the observed jet powers and compare them with the observed ones—they are consistent within a factor of two if the FR I type evolution is realized. Finally, we find that the jets with a power ≳1044 erg s−1 are less affected by the ambient medium, and some of them, but not all, could serve as precursors of the FR II sources.
A Genealogical Look at Shared Ancestry on the X Chromosome
Authors: Buffalo Vince , Mount Stephen M. , Coop Graham 
Published: April 2016

AbstractClose relatives can share large segments of their genome identical by descent (IBD) that can be identified in genome-wide polymorphism datasets. There are a range of methods to use these IBD segments to identify relatives and estimate their relationship. These methods have focused on sharing on the autosomes, as they provide a rich source of information about genealogical relationships. We can hope to learn additional information about recent ancestry through shared IBD segments on the X chromosome, but currently lack the theoretical framework to use this information fully. Here, we fill this gap by developing probability distributions for the number and length of X chromosome segments shared IBD between an individual and an ancestorkgenerations back, as well as between half-and full-cousin relationships. Due to the inheritance pattern of the X and the fact that X homologous recombination only occurs in females (outside of the pseudo-autosomal regions), the number of females along a genealogical lineage is a key quantity for understanding the number and length of the IBD segments shared amongst relatives. When inferring relationships among individuals, the number of female ancestors along a genealogical lineage will often be unknown. Therefore, our IBD segment length and number distributions marginalize over this unknown number of recombinational meioses through a distribution of recombinational meioses we derive. We show how our results can be used to estimate the number of female ancestors between two relatives, giving us more genealogical details than possible with autosomal data alone.
PICS: Pathway Informed Classification System for cancer analysis using gene expression data
Authors: Young Michael , Craft David 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe introduce PICS (Pathway Informed Classification System) for classifying cancers based on tumor sample gene expression levels. PICS is a computational method capable of expeditiously elucidating both known and novel biological pathway involvement specific to various cancers, and uses that learned pathway information to separate patients into distinct classes. The method clearly separates a pan-cancer dataset into their tissue of origin and is also able to sub-classify individual cancer datasets into distinct survival classes. Gene expression values are collapsed into pathway scores that reveal which biological activities are most useful for clustering cancer cohorts into sub-types. Variants of the method allow it to be used on datasets that do and do not contain non-cancerous samples. Activity levels of all types of pathways, broadly grouped into metabolic, cellular processes and signaling, and immune system, are useful for separating the pan-cancer cohort. In the clustering of specific cancer types, certain pathway types become more valuable depending on the site being studied. For lung cancer, signaling pathways dominate, for pancreatic cancer signaling and metabolic pathways, and for melanoma immune system pathways are the most useful. This work suggests the utility of pathway level genomic analysis and points in the direction of using pathway classification for predicting the efficacy and side effects of drugs and radiation.
The Mediating Role of New Ecological Paradigm between Value Orientations and Pro-Environmental Personal Norm in the Agricultural Context
Authors: Chua Kean Boon , Quoquab Farzana , Mohammad Jihad , Basiruddin Rohaida 
Published: April 2016

PurposeEnvironmental awareness became a crucial agenda for both academicians and practitioners. Effect of the individual’s value, belief and norm on their environmentally significant behaviour is vital on subsequent purchase decision of the consumers. Considering this, the present study aims to examine the relationships among value orientations, New Ecological Paradigm (NEP), and pro-environmental personal norm. Moreover, this research intends to investigate the mediating role of New Ecological Paradigm between value orientations and pro-environmental personal norm.Design/methodology/approachThis study has utilized questionnaire survey among 277 paddy farmers at the Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA) area in Malaysia. Data was analyzed using Partial Least Squares technique in order to test study hypotheses. Partial Least Square technique was utilized to analyze the data to test the study hypotheses.FindingsResults reveal that biospheric value, altruistic value and egoistic value positively and significantly affect NEP. It is also found that NEP positively and significantly affect pro-environmental personal norm. Data also supports the links between altruistic value and pro-environmental personal norm (PPN). However, the relationship between other two value-orientations (biospheric value and egoistic value) and PPN is not supported by the data. Additionally, NEP mediates the relationship between biospheric value and PPN as well as between egoistic value and PPN. Contrary to this, NEP does not mediate the relationship between altruistic value and PPN.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study will guide the agrochemical industry to understand how to enhance consumers’ behavioural aspect towards the environmental welfare. As handling of agrochemical is hazardous to health and environment, the knowledge on the effect of value orientation, belief and norm holds the key to inculcate good agricultural practice.Originality/valueThe present study is among the pioneers to consider NEP as the mediator between three types of value orientation and personal norm. Additionally, this study examined the relationship between NEP and PPN as well as between value orientations and PPN which are comparatively new to the existing body of literature. Nevertheless, this study considers NEP as a multidimensional constructs which is relatively new. Last, but not the least, the findings elaborate the existing knowledge of individual’s environmental concern in the context of agrochemical purchase.
Gendered corrosion of occupational knowledge
Authors: Benjamin Orly 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– When public agencies seek to privatize a service, a commissioning process begins wherein public sector budgeters must decide how generous the funding will be while taking occupational standards into account so that the quality of service is assured. One important area of occupational standards is the required personnel and job sizes of certified employees. Not enough attention has been directed to how occupational standards’ related knowledge is treated in the process. The purpose of this paper is to: first, investigate how the commissioning process is experienced by Israeli, often female, occupational standards administrators. Second, proposing a gendered perspective on Sennett’s corrosion of character thesis.

Design/methodology/approach
– As part of an institutional ethnography project, 16 interviews were conducted with (14 female and two male) occupational standards administrators at the Israeli Welfare, Education and Health Ministries.

Findings
– The routine of commissioning involves a stage of using occupational standards’ knowledge and experience, and a stage of dismissing it. The “corrosion of character” embedded in the dismissal stage undermines historical achievements in the area of recognizing caring work and skills.

Research limitations/implications
– The research is unable to distinguish between the specific caring occupations discussed.

Practical implications
– Service delivery modes has to develop into more publicly visible forums where occupational standards’ are protected.

Social implications
– The continuous corrosion of occupational knowledge may result in the demise of professionalization in care service occupations causing increasingly more polarization and poverty among their employees.

Originality/value
– While Sennett’s thesis has already been found plausible for understanding public servants’ experiences of the “new public management,” until recently, not enough attention has been devoted to the commissioning processes’ gendered implications for contract-based delivery of services. This paper examines these implications for the power struggle between the feminist achievements protecting skill recognition in caring occupations, and policy makers.
Improved critical thinking in students using current events journaling
Authors: Bahmani Sahar 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– When students relate current events to the concepts studied in the classroom by writing and presenting a series of analyses in the form of regular journaling, their learning and critical thinking improves as they regularly connect theory, presented in the lessons and textbooks, to real-world applications. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– A rubric used to assess the progress of student critical thinking showed that all three categories that display critical thinking through reflective reasoning improved: analysis, comprehension and application.

Findings
– This paper establishes the positive impact of current event journaling on critical thinking and student interest in courses by monitoring courses where current event journaling was incorporated. One of the key findings of this study is that the critical thinking skills of students evolved and became more advanced as the semester progressed, as did their ability to identify links in research and studies to class content.

Research limitations/implications
– As students become more engaged, this helps them to better absorb and understand the material being taught.

Practical implications
– Completing these analyses and presenting them to the class helps students succeed in seeing the connection between theory presented in textbooks and its real-world applications.

Social implications
– Another important result is that by incorporating regular current event analyses and presentations, students grow more interested in the course itself.

Originality/value
– Critical thinking falls into three different categories that can be displayed as reflective reasoning: analysis, comprehension and application.