bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Children After Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Feasibility Investigation
Authors: Ward Shan L. , Turpin Autumn , Spicer Aaron C. , Treadwell Marsha J. , Church Gwynne D. , Flori Heidi R. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives:
To determine the feasibility of pulmonary function and quality of life evaluations in children after acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Design:
A prospective follow-up feasibility study.

Setting:
A tertiary PICU.

Patients:
Children less than 18 years old with acute respiratory distress syndrome admitted between 2000 and 2005.

Intervention:
Pulmonary function testing and patient and parental quality of life surveys approximately 12-month after acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Measurements and Main Results:
One hundred eighty patients met acute respiratory distress syndrome criteria; 37 (20%) died, 90 (51%) declined participation, 28 (16%) consented but did not return, and 24 (13%) returned for follow-up visit. Twenty-three patients completed quality of life testing and 17 completed pulmonary functions. Clinical characteristics of those who returned were no different from those who did not except for age (median age, 4.9 vs 1.8 yr). One-third had mild to moderate pulmonary function deficits. Quality of life scores were marginal with general health perception, physical functioning, and behavior being areas of concern. These scores were lower than scores in children with chronic asthma. Parental quality of life assessments report lower scores in single-parent homes but no differences were noted by race or parental employment status.

Conclusions:
Valuable information may be discerned from acute respiratory distress syndrome patients who return for follow-up evaluation. In this pilot study, up to one-third of children with acute respiratory distress syndrome exhibit pulmonary function deficits and 12-month postillness quality of life scores are lower than in children with chronic asthma. Parental perceptions of postillness quality of life may be negatively impacted by socioeconomic constraints. Long-term follow of children with acute respiratory distress syndrome is feasible and bears further investigation.
Incorporating a Computerized Cognitive Battery Into the Emergency Department Care of Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries—Is It Feasible?
Authors: Khetani Aneesh M. , Brooks Brian L. , Mikrogianakis Angelo , Barlow Karen M. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives
The use of computers to test cognitive function acutely after a concussion is becoming increasingly popular, especially after sport-related concussion. Although commonly performed in the community, it is not yet performed routinely in the emergency department (ED), where most injured children present. The challenges of performing computerized cognitive testing (CCT) in a busy ED are considerable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of CCT in the pediatric ED after concussion.

Methods
Children, aged 8 to 18 years with mild traumatic brain injury, presenting to the ED were eligible for this prospective study. Exclusion criteria included the use of drugs, alcohol, and/or physical injury, which could affect CCT performance. A 30- or 15-minute CCT battery was performed. Feasibility measures included environmental factors (space, noise, waiting time), testing factors (time, equipment reliability, personnel), and patient factors (age, injury characteristics).

Results
Forty-nine children (28 boys; mean age, 12.6; SD, ± 2.5) participated in the study. All children completed CCT. Mean testing times for the 30- and 15-minute battery were 29.7 and 15.2 minutes, respectively. Noise-cancelling headphones were well tolerated. A shorter CCT was more acceptable to families and was associated with fewer noise disturbances. There was sufficient time to perform testing after triage and before physician assessment in over 90% of children.

Conclusions
Computerized cognitive testing is feasible in the ED. We highlight the unique challenges that should be considered before its implementation, including environmental and testing considerations, as well as personnel training.
Association Between Initial Emergency Department Lactate and Use of Vasoactive Medication in Children With Septic Shock
Authors: Miescier Michael J. , Lane Roni D. , Sheng Xiaoming , Larsen Gitte Y. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives
Current guidelines emphasize early recognition of pediatric septic shock using clinical examination findings. Elevated serum lactate has been associated with increased mortality in adult patients with septic shock. Our objective was to determine the association between the initial serum lactate obtained in the pediatric emergency department (PED) from patients treated for septic shock and the use of vasoactive medication within 24 hours.

Methods
This was a retrospective study from 2008 through 2012 of PED patients at a tertiary care children’s hospital. Patients younger than 18 years treated for septic shock were included if they had a serum lactate obtained in the PED.

Results
Eight hundred sixty-four PED encounters met inclusion criteria. Median initial PED lactate was 2.1 mmol/L (interquartile range, 1.4-3.2 mmol/L). Overall, 121 patients (14%) received vasoactive medication within 24 hours of the initial PED lactate. A multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated associations between initial lactate levels of 3.1 to 5 mmol/L (odds ratio, 1.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-3.26) and 5.1 mmol/L or greater (odds ratio, 5.00; 95% confidence interval, 2.56-9.76) and the use of vasoactive medication within 24 hours. Other factors associated with use of vasoactive medication within 24 hours included hypotension, abnormal pulses, and mental status changes.

Conclusions
Increased initial lactate is associated with use of vasoactive medication within 24 hours in PED patients with septic shock.
Persistent Knee Pain After Falling Off a Bicycle
Authors: Waseem Muhammad , Garrido-Joyce Julissa , Quee Frances , Priovolos Soula 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We present the case of an 18-year-old young man with severe persistent knee pain secondary to a popliteal artery thrombosis. This occurred as a result of a fall from a bicycle. Acute compartment syndrome refers to the sequelae that can occur because of increased fascial compartment pressures, such as crush injuries, burns, traumatic or spontaneous hemorrhage, or constrictive casts. Increased pressures in nonelastic fascial compartments result in decreased perfusion distally, leading to ischemia of muscles and neurovascular tissue. In addition to highlighting recognition of the classic signs and symptoms of this limb-threatening condition, this case illustrates the importance of obtaining a thorough history; this is necessary in order to have a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis. A significant degree of clinical insight and prompt surgical intervention may save the functions of both the muscles and the nerves. These are at risk of permanent damage due to possible elevated compartment pressures.
Jet Pack Fun that Went Wrong
Authors: Mohite Sharad Arvindrao 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The water jet pack is a relatively new and very exciting sporting activity for adventure seekers. However, there are some concerns raised in terms of safety, and some sporadic reports have appeared in newspapers about the injuries sustained from this sport. We are presenting an unfortunate case where a teenaged girl fell from a jet pack and sustained serious injuries including the loss of her kidney. This is the first reported serious injury from the Jet pack (Carbon Sports GmbH, Itzehoe, Germany).
A Case of Toxic Breast-feeding?
Authors: Schultz Megan L. , Kostic Mark , Kharasch Sigmund 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Opiates are frequently prescribed postpartum for pain relief after cesarean delivery, episiotomies, and headaches. It is estimated that greater than 30% of breast-feeding mothers in the United States are prescribed opiates for pain relief associated with childbirth. Many opiates are readily transferred to human milk, although life-threatening events are rare. We report a 6-day-old breast-feeding infant whose mother was taking hydromorphone for pain relief from a cesarean delivery and whose clinical course was suggestive of opiate toxicity. This case emphasizes the importance of thorough medication history taking in postpartum breast-feeding mothers whose infants may present with symptoms of opiate toxicity. Semisynthetic opiates are frequently not detected on emergency department urine toxicology screens. The pertinent literature is reviewed.
Severe community-acquired pneumonia: optimal management
Authors: Leoni Davide , Rello Jordi 
Published: January 2017

Purpose of review
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of mortality among infectious diseases. Several efforts have been implemented to achieve better outcomes, but an important proportion of patients continue dying. This review focuses on the newest research on prognostic factors and diagnostics, opening new perspectives in the management of CAP.

Recent findings
CAP survival improved in recent years despite an increasing incidence of severe presentations. Appropriateness of antimicrobial choice, combination therapy and early administration of antibiotics has proved to be decisive. Novel biomarkers, as monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR, presepsin and proadrenomedullin, have been explored for the prediction of severe CAP; moreover, the application of new techniques in metabolomics, genomics and microbiomics in the field of infections may contribute to predicting clinical instability and worse outcomes, showing that precise individual phenotypes are key factors for survival. CAP with unidentified organism is still an issue of concern, but new rapid molecular tests improve yield rates, revealing an unexpected high prevalence of viral detection and proving their usefulness also in the recognition of bacterial causes.

Summary
Precision medicine applied to risk stratification and diagnosis, together with rapid microbiologic molecular testing, may contribute to optimizing the management of CAP, with potential additional reduction of mortality rates.
Effect of Trospium Chloride on Cognitive Function in Women Aged 50 and Older: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Geller Elizabeth J. , Dumond Julie B. , Bowling J. Michael , Khandelwal Christine M. , Wu Jennifer M. , Busby-Whitehead Jan , Kaufer Daniel I. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the effect of trospium chloride on cognitive function in postmenopausal women treated for overactive bladder (OAB).

Methods
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted from April 2013 to April 2015. Women aged 50 years or older seeking treatment for OAB were randomized to either trospium chloride XR 60 mg daily or placebo. Baseline cognitive function was assessed via Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), Mini Mental Status Exam, Mini Mental Status X, Digit Span, Trails A, Trails B, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Cognitive function was reassessed at week 1 and week 4. A priori power analysis determined that 21 subjects were needed per group.

Results
Although 59 women were enrolled and randomized (28 trospium and 31 placebo), 45 completed assessment (21 trospium and 24 placebo). Mean age was 68 years, 78% were white, and 44% had previously taken OAB medication. For the primary outcome, there was no difference in HVLT-R total score between trospium and placebo groups at week 4 (P = 0.29). There were also no differences based on the other cognitive tests. There was a correlation between age and the following week-4 tests: HVLT-R total score (r = −0.3, P = 0.02), HVLT-R total recall subscale (r = −0.4, P = 0.007), Trails A (r = 0.4, P = 0.002), and Trails B (r = 0.4, P = 0.004). A linear regression model found that HVLT-R total score decreased by 0.372 points for each increased year of age.

Conclusions
In women aged 50 years and older, there were no changes in cognitive function between those taking trospium and placebo. Cognitive function was correlated with age.
Exposure to Wood Smoke is Associated with Increased Risk of Asthma and Respiratory Symptoms in a Honduran Population
Authors: Cho Bo Hyun , Castellanos Elizabeth , Nguyen Elizabeth , Oh Sam , Thakur Neeta , Tarsi Jaime , Koch Tammy , Flores de Boquin Erika , Valladares Alberto , Balmes John , Burchard Esteban , Castro Mario , Galanter Joshua 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundExposure to environmental pollutants has been shown to be associated with asthma, but few studies have evaluated the effect of wood smoke on asthma and disease severity in a developing country, where use of stoves powered by solid fuels is a common practice.ObjectiveIn a population in Olancho, Honduras, we evaluated the association between cooking fuel, stove type and asthma. We also evaluated the effects of these factors on asthma symptoms, lung function, and atopy.MethodsParticipants with physician-diagnosed asthma (n = 597) and controls without asthma (n = 429) were recruited from the Olancho province in Honduras. Participants were interviewed using a questionnaire and their baseline pulmonary function was measured using spirometry.ResultsThe prevalence of use of wood as a cooking fuel was 66.9% in the study population, of which 42.1% of participants used wood as their only fuel. Use of wood as a cooking fuel was more prevalent among households with lower income, lower maternal education, and less urbanization. The prevalence of use of an open wood stove as the primary cooking stove among participants with asthma was 6.2% higher (95% CI 0.8 – 11.7%, p = .02) than among healthy controls. In a multiple logistic regression model, we identified a significant association between use of an open wood stove and asthma (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.17 - 2.78, p = 0.007), compared to the referent (electric) stove category. Among participants with asthma, we identified a significant association between use of wood as cooking fuel and increased daytime respiratory symptoms (OR = 1.46, CI: 1.01 – 2.58, p = 0.046) and nocturnal symptoms (OR = 2.51, CI: 1.04 - 2.62, p = 0.04), though not with pulmonary function. Among control participants without asthma, use of wood as cooking fuel was associated with atopy (OR = 1.94, CI = 1.14 – 3.33, p = 0.015) and cough (OR = 2.22, CI = 1.09 – 4.88, p = 0.04).ConclusionsUse of an open wood stove for cooking in a developing country appears to be a significant risk factor for asthma and respiratory symptoms. Exposure to wood smoke may play a role in atopic sensitization and respiratory symptoms, leading to the development of obstructive lung disease in susceptible individuals.
Molecular and functional variation in iPSC-derived sensory neurons
Authors: Schwartzentruber Jeremy , Foskolou Stefanie , Kilpinen Helena , Rodrigues Julia , Alasoo Kaur , Knights Andrew J , Patel Minal , Goncalves Angela , Ferreira Rita , Benn Caroline Louise , Wilbrey Anna , Bictash Magda , Impey Emma , Cao Lishuang , Lainez Sergio , Loucif Alexandre Julien , Whiting Paul John ,   HIPSCI Consortium (www.hipsci.org), Gutteridge Alex , Gaffney Daniel J 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and cells derived from them, have become key tools to model biological processes and disease mechanisms, particularly in cell types such as neurons that are difficult to access from living donors. Here, we present the first map of regulatory variants in an iPSC-derived cell type. To investigate genetic contributions to human sensory function, we performed 123 differentiations of iPSCs from 103 unique donors to a sensory neuronal fate, and measured gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and neuronal excitability. Compared with primary dorsal root ganglion, where sensory nerves collect near the spinal cord, gene expression was more variable across iPSC-derived neuronal cultures, particularly in genes related to differentiation and nervous system development. Single cell RNA-sequencing revealed that although the majority of cells are neuronal and express the expected marker genes, a substantial fraction have a fibroblast-like expression profile. By applying an allele-specific method we identify 3,778 quantitative trait loci influencing gene expression, 6,318 for chromatin accessibility, and 2,097 for RNA splicing at FDR 10%. A number of these overlap with common disease associations, and suggest candidate causal variants and target genes. These include known causal variants atSNCAfor Parkinson’s disease andTNFRSF1Afor multiple sclerosis, as well as new candidates for migraine, Parkinson’s disease, and schizophrenia.
Comparing three types of dietary samples for prey DNA decay in an insect generalist predator
Authors: Kamenova Stefaniya , Mayer Rebecca , Rubbmark Oskar R. , Coissac Eric , Plantegenest Manuel , Traugott Michael 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe rapidly growing field of molecular diet analysis is becoming increasingly popular among ecologists, especially when investigating methodologically challenging groups such as invertebrate generalist predators. Prey DNA detection success is known to be affected by multiple factors, however the type of dietary sample has rarely been considered. Here, we address this knowledge gap by comparing prey DNA detection success from three types of dietary samples. In a controlled feeding experiment, using the carabid beetlePterostichus melanariusas a model predator, we collected regurgitates, feces and whole consumers (including their gut contents) at different time points post-feeding. All dietary samples were analyzed using multiplex PCR targeting three different length DNA fragments (128 bp, 332 bp and 612 bp). Our results show that both the type of dietary sample and the size of the DNA fragment contribute to a significant part of the variation found in the detectability of prey DNA. Specifically, we observed that in both regurgitates and whole consumers prey DNA was detectable significantly longer for all fragment sizes than for feces. Based on these observations, we conclude that prey DNA detected from regurgitates and whole consumers DNA extracts are comparable, whereas prey DNA detected from feces, though still sufficiently reliable for ecological studies, will not be directly comparable to the former. Therefore, regurgitates and feces constitute an interesting, non-lethal source for dietary information that could be applied to field studies in situations when invertebrate predators should not be killed.
Individual boldness is life stage-dependent and linked to dispersal in a hermaphrodite land snail
Authors: Dahirel Maxime , Vong Alexandre , Ansart Armelle , Madec Luc 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBoth individual variation in dispersal tendency and animal personalities have been shown to be widespread in nature. They are often associated in personality-dependent dispersal, and both have major but underappreciated consequences for ecological and evolutionary dynamics. In addition, personalities are not stable over time and changes can appear through ontogeny, leading to life stage-dependent behaviours. We investigated relationships between dispersal, life stage and boldness in an invertebrate with between- and within-life stages variation in dispersal tendency, the land snailCornu aspersum.Latency to exit the shell following a simulated attack was repeatable, indicating boldness is a personality trait inCornu aspersum. Subadults were bolder and more dispersive than adults. Dispersers were bolder than non-dispersers, independently of boldness changes between life stages. We discuss how these results can be explained in relation with life history strategies in this hermaphrodite species, in particular risk management in the context of reproductive investment.
Spacer sequences separating transcription factor binding motifs set enhancer quality and strength
Authors: Guéroult-Bellone Marion , Nitta Kazuhiro R. , Kari Willi , Jacox Edwin , Beulé Dauzat Rémy , Vincentelli Renaud , Diarra Carine , Rothbächer Ute , Dantec Christelle , Cambillau Christian , Piette Jacques , Lemaire Patrick 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTOnly a minority of the many genomic clusters of transcription factor binding motifs (TFBM) act as transcriptional enhancers. To identify determinants of enhancer activity, we randomized the spacer sequences separating the ETS and GATA sites of the early neural enhancer of the tunicateCiona intestinalis Otxgene. We show that spacer sequence randomization affects the level of activity of the enhancer, in part through distal effects on the affinity of the transcription factors for their binding sites. A possible mechanism is suggested by the observation that the shape of the DNA helix within the TFBM can be affected by mutation of flanking bases that modulate transcription factor affinity. Strikingly, dormant genomic clusters of ETS and GATA sites are awakened by most instances of spacer randomization, suggesting that the sequence of naturally-occurring spacers ensures the dormancy of a majority of the large reservoir of TFBM clusters present in a metazoan genome.
ER-positive breast cancer cells are poised for RET-mediated endocrine resistance
Authors: Horibata Sachi , Rice Edward J. , Zheng Hui , Anguish Lynne J. , Coonrod Scott A. , Danko Charles G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe RET tyrosine kinase signaling pathway is involved in the development of endocrine resistant ER+ breast cancer. However, the expression of the RET receptor itself has not been directly linked to clinical cases of resistance, suggesting that additional factors are involved. We show that both ER+ endocrine resistant and sensitive breast cancers have functional RET tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, but that endocrine sensitive breast cancer cells lack RET ligands that are necessary to drive endocrine resistance. Transcription of one RET ligand, GDNF, is necessary and sufficient to confer resistance in the ER+ MCF-7 cell line. In patients, RET ligand expression predicts responsiveness to endocrine therapies and correlates with survival. Collectively, our findings show that ER+ tumor cells are “poised” for RET mediated endocrine resistance, expressing all components of the RET signaling pathway, but endocrine sensitive cells lack high expression of RET ligands that are necessary to initiate the resistance phenotype.
Structural landscape of base pairs containing post-transcriptional modifications in RNA
Authors: S. P. Preethi , Sharma Purshotam , Mitra Abhijit 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBase pairs involving post-transcriptionally modified nucleobases are believed to play important roles in a wide variety of functional RNAs. Here we present our attempts towards understanding the structural and functional role of naturally occurring modified base pairs by analyzing their distribution in different RNA classes, with the help of crystal structure and sequence database analyses. In addition, we quantify the variation in geometrical features of modified base pairs within RNA structures, and characterize their optimum geometries and binding energies using advanced quantum chemical methods. Further comparison of modified base pairs with their unmodified counterparts illustrates the effect of steric and electronic structure alterations due to base modifications. Analysis of specific structural contexts of modified base pairs in RNA crystal structures revealed several interesting scenarios, including those at the tRNA:rRNA interface, antibiotic-binding site and the three-way junctions within tRNA, which when analyzed in context of available experimental data, allowed us to correlate the occurrence and strength of modified base pairs with the specific functional roles they play in context of RNA macromolecules.