bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition and separation of magnetotelluric strong noise based on a temporal convolutional network and K-SVD dictionary learning
Authors: Yang Zhi , Tang Jingtian , Sun Yishu , Li Jianqi , Yang Minsheng , Zhang Yuexing , Xiao Xiao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The magnetotelluric (MT) method has been widely applied in deep energy resource surveys with the advantage of large-depth exploration and sensitivity to electrical differences. However, the observed data of the MT method are exceptionally sensitive to artificial noise. To improve the survey effectiveness of the MT method in a strong electromagnetic (EM) interference environment. We introduce the temporal convolutional network (TCN) into the processing of MT data and propose a recognition and separation method for MT strong noise. First, to obtain a precise signal-to-noise recognition model, we train the TCN network by measuring MT samples that are artificially labeled. Then the trained network is used to separate the signal to be processed into high-quality segments and noise-contaminated segments. Finally, K-singular value decomposition (K-SVD) dictionary learning is applied to perform signal-to-noise separation of the recognized noise-contaminated segments to obtain the noise-free signal segments. The noise-free signal segments are recombined with the recognized high-quality signal segments to obtain a complete high-quality signal. We apply the proposed method to the processing of field data collected in Tongling City, Anhui Province, China. Compared with the results of manual labeling, the recognition accuracy of the TCN network reaches &gt;98.2%, which is significantly higher than 93.6% of the convolutional neural network. The apparent resistivity and phase curves obtained by our method are consistent with the results of the MT remote reference method as a standard method, which eloquently proves that the proposed method has good validity and reliability.
Orders to preserve evidence at the Unified Patent Court: a practical guide
Authors: Lauzeral Marc , Signoroni Stella 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article aims to provide a practical guide on the conditions to fulfil to obtain an order to preserve evidence as provided in the Agreement on the Unified Patent Court and in the Rules of Procedure, based on the decisions of the Unified Patent Court’s (UPC) local divisions on this topic. After a brief justification of the existence of this type of measures in front of the UPC, this guide will discuss the key differences between ex parte and inter partes measures to preserve evidence, and it will outline how the judges have so far interpreted the conditions to obtain such measures.
Integrating Academic Inquiry and Reformist Activism in Psychiatry
Authors: Aftab Awais , Steingard Sandra , Waterman G. Scott 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sandra Steingard, MD, is Clinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry at University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine. She is the editor of the book Critical Psychiatry: Controversies and Clinical Implications (Springer, 2019) and Editor-in-Chief of the Community Mental Health Journal. In 2020, she retired from her position as Chief Medical Officer, Howard Center, Burlington, Vermont. G. Scott Waterman, MD, MA, is Professor of Psychiatry Emeritus at University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, where he served at various times as Director of Psychopharmacology, Director of Medical Student Education in Psychiatry, and Associate Dean for Student Affairs. He is a member of the executive council of the Association for the Advancement of Philosophy and Psychiatry. The happy coincidence that these two intelligent and accomplished psychiatrists are married made this joint interview possible, wherein the critical psychiatry movement, philosophy of psychiatry, models of drug action, the biopsychosocial model, and critiques of psychiatric diagnosis are discussed.
Scepticism of the Gentle Variety
Authors: Aftab Awais , Bolton Derek 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Derek Bolton, PhD, is Professor of Philosophy and Psychopathology at the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, and Honorary Consultant Clinical Psychologist at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. Bolton is recognized internationally as a distinguished voice in philosophy of psychiatry. This interview goes into a discussion of his philosophical work on the diagnosis and definition of mental disorder, the basis of the standards or norms by which we judge that a person has a mental disorder, and the validity of the distinction between abnormal and normal mental functioning. Bolton argues that the notion that emerges from a conceptual analysis of psychiatry’s diagnostic manuals is enmeshed with considerations related to harm and suffering, and it is a notion in which the personal, the social, and the biological cannot be clearly distinguished. The implications of this thinking with regards to the relationship between the medical model and the psychological approaches are also discussed.
The Neurodiversity Paradigm in Psychiatry
Authors: Aftab Awais , Chapman Robert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Robert Chapman, PhD, (they/them), is a philosopher in the UK, an Assistant Professor in Critical Neurodiversity Studies at the Institute for Medical Humanities at Durham University in the United Kingdom, and the author of Empire of Normality (Pluto Press, 2023). They have published widely on issues in philosophy of disability, the ethics of autism, and critical neurodiversity studies. The neurodiversity perspective and sister movements such as Mad Pride centre the voices of mad and neurodivergent individuals and facilitate a dialogue that enables collective self-reflection on the relational nature of dysfunction and disability. Chapman talks about the origins and history of the neurodiversity movement, its relationship to psychiatry, how the movement forces us to rethink long-standing medical assumptions and criticisms directed at the ideas, and why the neurodiversity perspective is in opposition to Szaszian critiques of psychiatry.
Psychiatric Disorders as an Imperfect Community
Authors: Aftab Awais , Zachar Peter 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Peter Zachar, PhD, is an Ida Belle Young Research Professor of Psychology at Auburn University Montgomery, Montgomery, AL. He was President of the Association for the Advancement of Philosophy and Psychiatry from 2016 to 2020. He is the author of Psychological Concepts and Biological Psychiatry: A Philosophical Analysis (John Benjamins, 2000) and A Metaphysics of Psychopathology (MIT Press, 2014). Zachar challenges the conceptualization of psychiatric disorders as ‘natural kinds’: entities existing in nature that can be defined in terms of essences, that is, unique and intrinsic properties that are necessary and sufficient. Instead, he argues for the notion of ‘practical kinds’: stable patterns of phenomena that we can identify and classify in light of our scientific goals and interests. This interview explores the notion of scientifically inspired pragmatism and its application to psychiatric classification, critique of essentialist thinking in psychiatry, and the notion of the ‘imperfect community’.
Beyond Pragmatism in Psychiatry
Authors: Aftab Awais , Ghaemi S. Nassir 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
S. Nassir Ghaemi, MD, MPH, is a psychiatrist with expertise in mood illnesses and training in philosophy and public health. He is Professor of Psychiatry at Tufts University and Lecturer in Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, and also has worked in clinical drug discovery research in psychiatry at Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research in Cambridge, MA. He is the author of multiple books including Clinical Psychopharmacology (Oxford University Press, 2019), The Concepts of Psychiatry (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003), The Rise and Fall of the Biopsychosocial Model (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009), and A First-Rate Madness (Penguin, 2011). This interview explores his views on depression, antidepressants, the biopsychosocial model, DSM, diagnostic validity, and many other conceptual issues of concern to the field. A common refrain in his work is that psychiatry has lost its way by pursuing a putatively atheoretical nosology for understanding mental illness in the form of DSM and by prioritizing pragmatic considerations over scientific evidence.
Psychiatry and the Long View
Authors: Aftab Awais , Summergrad Paul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Paul Summergrad, MD, is Dr Frances S. Arkin Professor and Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry, Professor of Psychiatry and Medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine, and Psychiatrist-in-Chief at Tufts Medical Center. Summergrad served as the 141st president of the American Psychiatric Association from 2014 to 2015. He is the lead editor of the Textbook of Medical Psychiatry (American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2020). Summergrad possesses an in-depth knowledge of psychiatry’s history, an appreciation of its pluralistic roots in medicine as well as psychoanalysis, and a preference for taking the long view of psychiatry’s development as a field. This interview explores his intellectual development, his views on psychiatry’s identity, and the challenges facing the medical model and psychiatric classification.
Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Disease Burden
Authors: Schillerstrom Jason E. , Benavente Kimberly S. , Velazquez-Negron Ivelisse M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates there are 55 million people living with dementia, with 10 million new cases every year. Population growth and increased longevity, coupled with persisting poor education systems and poverty, are driving this pandemic. Non-modifiable risk factors for dementia include age, sex, and genetics, of which age is the strongest. The incidence of dementia doubles every 5 years from age 65, regardless of world region or severity. Wealthier countries will benefit from advanced medical care, preventing and treating depression, hearing loss, and cardiovascular disease, which are the leading modifiable risk factors for dementia. Until a cure is found, the costs will be high. Caregivers will suffer and global costs will exceed $1.3 trillion.
Neurologic Exam
Authors: Anil Sethulakshmi Sreevalsam , Ratnakaran Badr 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A neurological examination is essential in the assessment of patients with neurocognitive disorders. The neurological examination can help identify neurological signs related to specific neurological diseases and consider differential diagnosis for the presenting neurological signs and symptoms. Various neurological signs can point to the diagnosis of different types of dementia. Understanding the severity of neurological deficits can help understand the disabilities faced by the patients and the impact on their quality of life. Identifying treatable neurological deficits, like hearing loss, can help with reducing the burden of the deficits. It is also necessary to understand neurological deficits related to normal aging so that unnecessary interventions are not undertaken.
Pharmacological Treatment
Authors: Fernandes Deanna C. , Cheong Josepha A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A vast array of literature exists on the subject of therapeutic options used to treat neurocognitive disorders such as dementia. Further published updates are necessary to keep pace within this expanding field being treated worldwide. In this chapter, 5 of the most up-to-date medication classes will be summarized with background analyses of this body of literature. Other coexisting medical conditions and factors that may complicate therapeutic selections will also be discussed. Current dosing recommendations, adverse events, and pharmacokinetic profiles will also be provided for reference with the purpose of providing a broad guidance for prescribing practices among the older adult population.
The Declaration of Geneva
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Abstract: The Declaration of Geneva is a pledge taken by healthcare professionals at many healthcare school graduations. It emphasizes the importance of serving humanity, putting the patient’s health and well-being first, respecting patient autonomy and dignity, maintaining respect for human life, and maintaining professional confidentiality. The Declaration also requires practitioners to maintain good healthcare practice, respect colleagues and students, share healthcare knowledge, and not violate human rights and civil liberties. The pledge is made freely and solemnly in the healthcare professional’s honor. The Declaration serves as a reminder of the values and principles that underpin the healthcare profession, inspiring generations of practitioners to provide compassionate, patient-centered care while respecting human rights and civil liberties.
Confidentiality
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Abstract: Confidentiality has been a central principle of the healthcare profession since before the Hippocratic Oath. Patients need to trust that their healthcare information will be kept confidential to be willing to seek care and communicate with their practitioner. This information, known as privileged communication and protected health information, should only be disclosed with the patient’s or proxy’s explicit consent or as required by law. The beneficence (do good) principle is exemplified through confidentiality, allowing for better care. The principle of nonmaleficence (do no harm) is also exemplified, as failing to keep confidentiality could harm the patient and the healthcare profession. The principle of justice (be fair) is demonstrated through laws such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 that protect privacy and healthcare record confidentiality. There are exceptions to confidentiality, such as when it would cause harm or is required by law.
Contraception
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Abstract: In 1977, the U.S. Supreme Court established the constitutional right for all citizens, including minors, to use contraceptives based on the due process clause of the 14th Amendment. Patient autonomy is a fundamental right, and minors have the right to choose contraception without parental consent. Practitioners are obligated to respect the minor’s choice and provide contraception per the principles of beneficence (do good) and nonmaleficence (do no harm). Not providing access to contraception would violate the principle of nonmaleficence. Although it is healthcare best practice to communicate with the minor’s parent(s) about contraceptives, the principle of justice requires a fair distribution of benefits and burdens, and denying minors access to contraception would be an unfair burden. Therefore, the correct response for a practitioner regarding contraception or prenatal care of a minor is to provide access and encourage the minor to discuss the matter with their parent(s).
Financial Disclosures
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Abstract: Financial disclosures of conflicts of interest are crucial in the healthcare field because they can influence a practitioner’s clinical judgment, potentially compromising patient trust and the process of informed consent. The failure to provide such disclosures undermines the patient–practitioner relationship and violates the principles of beneficence (do good), nonmaleficence (do no harm), and justice (be fair). Legal, institutional, and professional mandates require financial and conflict of interest disclosures for publications in healthcare journals, as well as for lifelong learning. This includes but is not limited to continuing healthcare education credits, continuing nursing education credits, continuing pharmacy education credits, continuing dental education credits, continuing education units, maintenance of certification points, performance improvement continuing healthcare education, continuing professional development points, and quality improvement points. Practitioners and healthcare providers must consistently disclose any financial conflict of interest, thereby maintaining transparency and trust.
Research and Clinical Equipoise
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Clinical equipoise exists when there is no empirical evidence for the superiority of one treatment arm over the others in a therapeutic randomized clinical trial. However, some claim that the null hypothesis rarely exists, and the threshold of empirical proof for establishing the superiority of one treatment arm over the other is rarely defined. Clinical equipoise and the null hypothesis are not part of the Belmont Report, Common Rule 45CFR46, or the institutional review board criteria for human subject protection. The four principles of bioethics, as outlined in the Belmont Report, are respect for persons with the need for informed consent, beneficence with the need to promote the patient’s best interests and minimize exposing the subject to the risk of harm, and justice with the need for fair subject selection. Practitioners must understand these principles to minimize risk and protect human subjects in healthcare research.
Withholding and Withdrawing Treatment
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The right of patients to withhold and withdraw from healthcare treatment is based on the principle of autonomy and the moral obligation of practitioners to pursue the patient’s best interests and “first do no harm.” The patient’s autonomy is protected through informed consent, living wills, durable power of attorney for healthcare, and surrogate decision-making by next of kin. In the event of disagreement among surrogates, an ethics consultation can be sought to reach a consensus. Legally, in the United States, common law recognizes the patient’s right to withhold and withdraw from healthcare treatment, but there may be controversy regarding the evidence accepted as proof. The right to withhold and withdraw from healthcare treatment is essential to maintaining the patient’s autonomy, interests, and well-being, and practitioners should support patients and surrogates in these decisions.
Suicide and religion: A comparative analysis of a complex relationship to inform practice
Authors: Gearing Robin Edward , Alonza Dana , Savani Shahnaz , Burr Sean , Arora Anil , Khudododova Sangina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Despite decades of examination, the nature and degree to which religion exerts influence on suicidal behaviour is often misunderstood. What is clear, however, is that in order to accurately assess for risk of suicide, consideration of an individual’s religiosity is essential. This chapter examines the complex relationship between suicide and religion across five dominant world religious groups, including Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and atheism/agnosticism. It is important to acknowledge these groups are not homogenous, but rather reflect various sects, each carrying distinct interpretations of doctrine and unique religious customs. Nevertheless, there are central tenets of each group that can be considered shared characteristics and that are the focus of this chapter. The role of religious doctrine, degree of affiliation, and level of participation will be explored for their association with suicidal ideation and behaviour to clarify the current state of evidence and inform suicide prevention and intervention efforts.
The preoperative visit
Authors: Watson Andrew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There is a solid body of literature demonstrating that effective preoperative communication can improve patient comfort and satisfaction with their anaesthetic experience and postoperative recovery. This is particularly evident with outcomes such as pain, medication use, and mobility. Traditionally the emphasis in the literature has been on gathering information, optimizing physiology, and obtaining informed consent. Less emphasis has been placed on the gains to be made in the way we communicate with patients in clinic, on the ward, or in the anaesthetic room. This chapter demonstrates how two simple, practical templates; ‘LAURS’ and ‘GREAT’ can be applied in the preoperative setting to help maximize the benefits that can arrive through optimizing communication between the patients and their treating anaesthetist.
Children
Authors: Olweny Catherine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Communicating with children and involving them in decisions about their health respects their autonomy, builds resilience for future medical encounters, and improves parental and child satisfaction. Communication needs to occur at multiple levels to meet the different needs and concerns of patients and family members. Developmental considerations are important in recognizing the emerging autonomy of the child in order to build rapport and trust in the short term and build resilience in the long term. The ‘GREAT’ template can be used effectively with children in the preoperative visit and perioperatively. Practical techniques for induction of anaesthesia in children in challenging interactions can be addressed using effective communication strategies such as lived-in imagination and double-binds and indirect suggestion.
Intraoperative awareness
Authors: Bejenke Christel J. , Tan Suyin G.M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Intraoperative awareness may occur in any patient during general anaesthesia. Optimal analgesia should always be provided and, where possible, complete muscle relaxation avoided. Signs of awareness should be looked for. The theatre team should be educated regarding awareness, being mindful of conversations in the operating theatre and encouraged where possible to treat patients during the intraoperative period as if they were awake. The patient can also be educated preoperatively that ‘safe’ anaesthesia does not necessarily mean or require profound unconsciousness at all times. Reassuring verbal and non-verbal communications to the patient pre- and intraoperatively may mitigate adverse effects of awareness. Many patients who have experienced awareness report anxiety, sleep disturbances, nightmares, and fear of future anaesthetics. After an event, the patient needs to be believed and early referral for psychological counselling may be appropriate. If awareness with pain and/or emotional distress has occurred, the principles of listening and acceptance are key.
On the implausible physical implications of a claimed lensed neutral hydrogen detection at redshift z = 1.3
Authors: Deane Roger P , Blecher Tariq , Obreschkow Danail , Heywood Ian 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
The Square Kilometre Array mid-frequency array will enable high-redshift detections of neutral hydrogen (H i) emission in galaxies, providing important constraints on the evolution of cold gas in galaxies over cosmic time. Strong gravitational lensing will push back the H i emission frontier towards cosmic noon ($z\sim 2$), as has been done for all prominent spectral lines in the interstellar medium of galaxies. Chakraborty & Roy report a $z=1.3$H i emission detection towards the well-modelled, galaxy-scale gravitational lens, SDSS J0826+5630. We carry out H i source modelling of the system and find that their claimed H i magnification, $\mu _{\rm H\, {\small I}} = 29 \pm 6$, requires an H i disc radius of $\lesssim\!\! 1.5$ kpc, which implies an implausible mean H i surface mass density in excess of $\Sigma _{\rm H\, {\small I}} &gt; 2000 \ \rm{ M}_\odot \, \rm{pc}^{-2}$. This is several orders of magnitude above the highest measured peak values ($\Sigma _{\rm H\, {\small I}} \sim 10~{\rm M}_\odot \, {\rm pc}^{-2}$), above which H i is converted into molecular hydrogen. Our re-analysis requires this to be the highest H i mass galaxy known ($M_{\rm H\, {\small I}} \sim 10^{11} \ \mathrm{ M}_\odot$), as well as strongly lensed, the latter having a typical probability of the order of 1 in 103–104. We conclude that the claimed detection is spurious.