bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulent mixing, restratification, and phytoplankton growth at a submesoscale eddy
Authors: Taylor J. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHigh‐resolution large‐eddy simulations are used to study the influence of submesoscale mixed layer instability and small‐scale turbulence on phytoplankton growth in light‐limited conditions. Four simulations are considered with small‐scale turbulence driven by varying levels of surface cooling. Significant small‐scale turbulence is seen even without surface forcing, and the downward mixing of phytoplankton is sufficient to briefly delay the developing bloom. Moderate and strong values of the constant surface heat flux (Q =− 10,−100 W/m2) are sufficient to prevent a bloom. In contrast to the critical depth hypothesis, the growth rate for phytoplankton does not appear to be controlled by the mixed layer depth. Instead, a comparison between the turbulent diffusivity above the compensation depth and a critical value predicted by the critical turbulence hypothesis closely matches the timing and magnitude of phytoplankton growth.
MMS observations of large guide field symmetric reconnection between colliding reconnection jets at the center of a magnetic flux rope at the magnetopause
Authors: Øieroset M. , Phan T. D. , Haggerty C. , Shay M. A. , Eastwood J. P. , Gershman D. J. , Drake J. F. , Fujimoto M. , Ergun R. E. , Mozer F. S. , Oka M. , Torbert R. B. , Burch J. L. , Wang S. , Chen L. J. , Swisdak M. , Pollock C. , Dorelli J. C. , Fuselier S. A. , Lavraud B. , Giles B. L. , Moore T. E. , Saito Y. , Avanov L. A. , Paterson W. , Strangeway R. J. , Russell C. T. , Khotyaintsev Y. , Lindqvist P. A. , Malakit K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe report evidence for reconnection between colliding reconnection jets in a compressed current sheet at the center of a magnetic flux rope at Earth's magnetopause. The reconnection involved nearly symmetric inflow boundary conditions with a strong guide field of two. The thin (2.5 ion‐skin depth (di) width) current sheet (at ~12 di downstream of the X line) was well resolved by MMS, which revealed large asymmetries in plasma and field structures in the exhaust. Ion perpendicular heating, electron parallel heating, and density compression occurred on one side of the exhaust, while ion parallel heating and density depression were shifted to the other side. The normal electric field and double out‐of‐plane (bifurcated) currents spanned almost the entire exhaust. These observations are in good agreement with a kinetic simulation for similar boundary conditions, demonstrating in new detail that the structure of large guide field symmetric reconnection is distinctly different from antiparallel reconnection.
Seismic velocity structure of the Juan de Fuca and Gorda plates revealed by a joint inversion of ambient noise and regional earthquakes
Authors: Gao Haiying 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe crust and upper mantle seismic structure, spanning from the Juan de Fuca and Gorda spreading centers to the Cascade back arc, is imaged with full‐wave propagation simulation and a joint inversion of ambient noise and regional earthquake recordings. The spreading centers have anomalously low shear wave velocity beneath the oceanic lithosphere. Around the Cobb axial seamount, we observe a low‐velocity anomaly underlying a relatively thin oceanic lithosphere, indicating its influence on the Juan de Fuca ridge. The oceanic Moho is clearly defined by a P velocity increase from 6.3 km/s to 7.5 km/s at about 6 km depth beneath the seafloor. The thickness of the oceanic plates is less than 40 km prior to subduction, and the structure of the oceanic lithosphere varies both along strike and along dip. Farther landward, very low velocity anomalies are observed above the plate interface along the Cascade fore arc, indicative of subducted sediments.
Nanoscale grain boundary channels in fracture cement enhance flow in mudrocks
Authors: Landry Christopher J. , Eichhubl Peter , Prodanović Maša , Wilkins Scott 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHydrocarbon production from mudrock or shale reservoirs typically exceeds estimates based on mudrock laboratory permeability measurements, with the difference attributed to natural fractures. However, natural fractures in these reservoirs are frequently completely cemented and thus assumed not to contribute to flow. We quantify the permeability of nanoscale grain boundary channels with mean apertures of 50–130 nm in otherwise completely cemented natural fractures of the Eagle Ford Formation and estimate their contribution to production. Using scanning electron imaging of grain boundary channel network geometry and a digital rock physics workflow of image reconstruction and direct flow modeling, we estimate cement permeability to be 38–750 nd, higher than reported permeability of Eagle Ford host rock (~2 nd) based on laboratory measurements. Our results suggest that effective fracture‐parallel mudrock permeability can exceed laboratory values by upward of 1 order of magnitude in shale reservoirs of high macroscopic cemented fracture volume fraction.
Philippine Sea and East Asian plate tectonics since 52 Ma constrained by new subducted slab reconstruction methods
Authors: Wu Jonny , Suppe John , Lu Renqi , Kanda Ravi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe reconstructed Philippine Sea and East Asian plate tectonics since 52 Ma from 28 slabs mapped in 3‐D from global tomography, with a subducted area of ~25% of present‐day global oceanic lithosphere. Slab constraints include subducted parts of existing Pacific, Indian, and Philippine Sea oceans, plus wholly subducted proto‐South China Sea and newly discovered “East Asian Sea.” Mapped slabs were unfolded and restored to the Earth surface using three methodologies and input to globally consistent plate reconstructions. Important constraints include the following: (1) the Ryukyu slab is ~1000 km N‐S, too short to account for ~20° Philippine Sea northward motion from paleolatitudes; (2) the Marianas‐Pacific subduction zone was at its present location (±200 km) since 48 ± 10 Ma based on a >1000 km deep slab wall; (3) the 8000 × 2500 km East Asian Sea existed between the Pacific and Indian Oceans at 52 Ma based on lower mantle flat slabs; (4) the Caroline back‐arc basin moved with the Pacific, based on the overlapping, coeval Caroline hot spot track. These new constraints allow two classes of Philippine Sea plate models, which we compared to paleomagnetic and geologic data. Our preferred model involves Philippine Sea nucleation above the Manus plume (0°/150°E) near the Pacific‐East Asian Sea plate boundary. Large Philippine Sea westward motion and post‐40 Ma maximum 80° clockwise rotation accompanied late Eocene‐Oligocene collision with the Caroline/Pacific plate. The Philippine Sea moved northward post‐25 Ma over the northern East Asian Sea, forming a northern Philippine Sea arc that collided with the SW Japan‐Ryukyu margin in the Miocene (~20–14 Ma).
Impact of aerosol direct effect on East Asian air quality during the EAST‐AIRE campaign
Authors: Wang Jing , Allen Dale J. , Pickering Kenneth E. , Li Zhanqing , He Hao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWRF‐Chem simulations were performed for the March 2005 East Asian Studies of Tropospheric Aerosols: an International Regional Experiment (EAST‐AIRE) Intensive Observation Campaign (IOC) to investigate the direct effects of aerosols on surface radiation and air quality. Domain‐wide, WRF‐Chem showed a decrease of 20 W/m2 in surface shortwave (SW) radiation due to the aerosol direct effect (ADE), consistent with observational studies. The ADE caused 24 h surface PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 µm) concentrations to increase in eastern China (4.4%), southern China (10%), western China (2.3%), and the Sichuan Basin (9.6%), due to different aerosol compositions in these four regions. Conversely, surface 1 h maximum ozone was reduced by 2.3% domain‐wide and up to 12% in eastern China because less radiation reached the surface. We also investigated the impact of reducing SO2 and black carbon (BC) emissions by 80% on aerosol amounts via two sensitivity simulations. Reducing SO2 decreased surface PM2.5 concentrations in the Sichuan Basin and southern China by 5.4% and decreased ozone by up to 6 ppbv in the Sichuan Basin and Southern China. Reducing BC emissions decreased PM2.5 by 3% in eastern China and the Sichuan Basin but increased surface ozone by up to 3.6 ppbv in eastern China and the Sichuan Basin. This study indicates that the benefits of reducing PM2.5 associated with reducing absorbing aerosols may be partially offset by increases in ozone at least for a scenario when NOx and VOC emissions are unchanged.
Optical Filters
Authors: Piegari Angela 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article is an update of the original articlefilters, opticalin which the theory of optical filters, the basic physical phenomena, and several types of filters were described.Starting from these concepts, a number of examples of filter applications are reported, showing the variety of wavelength ranges and filter dimensions that could be required.Application fields such as automobiles and buildings, lighting and displays, laser facilities, and space and security are considered, as representative of different conditions of use. Traditional and more recent types of filters are described, taking into account the development of less conventional materials and structures.
Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers: High‐Power Operation
Authors: Liu Anping 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn overview on high‐power fiber lasers and amplifiers is presented. The article includes a brief review of the fiber laser history, followed by the design rules of double‐cladding fibers for power scaling of the fiber lasers. Typical fiber laser systems, including pump configurations, resonator structures, and system layouts, are explained. Detailed information on key components and wavelength ranges are discussed. It covers high‐power fiber lasers operating at both continuous wave and pulsed modes, including a variety of pulsed systems ranging from actively mode‐locked lasers to passively mode‐locked lasers with pulse durations from femtoseconds to nanoseconds.
Informativeness of wind data in linear Madden–Julian oscillation prediction
Authors: Allen Theodore L. , Mapes Brian E. , Cavanaugh Nicholas 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLinear inverse models (LIMs) are used to explore predictability and information content of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO). Hindcast skill for outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) related to the MJO on intraseasonal timescales in the tropics has been examined for a variety of LIMs using OLR and optionally 200 and 850 hPa zonal wind information channels. The dependence of OLR hindcast skill on wind channels was evaluated by randomizing in time, averaging in space, or omitting data entirely. Results show positive prediction skill (relative to climatology) up to 3 weeks and wind information, mostly at the largest scales, adds 1–2 days of skill.
RETRACTION: Lentivirus‐mediated knockdown of M‐phase phosphoprotein 8 inhibits proliferation of colon cancer cells
Authors: Liang Xianjun , Liu Tongjun , Zhang Weizhong , Zhang Kai , Guo Shuai , Liang Jianhua 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRETRACTION: M‐phase phosphoprotein 8 (MPP8) has been reported to be overexpressed in various human carcinoma cells and was associated with tumor malignant characters. However, its functional role in colon cancer (CRC) is still unclear. In the present study, lentivirus‐mediated short hairpin RNAs were designed to silence the MPP8 gene in CRC cells including RKO and SW1116 cells. The fluorescence microscopy was used to determine the knockdown efficiency of MPP8 by observing lentivirus‐mediated green fluorescent protein expression. MPP8 expression in infected RKO and SW1116 was evaluated by real‐time PCR and Western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay and colony formation. Flow cytometry was applied to measure cell cycle and apoptosis. Transwell assay was used to determine the effect of MMP8 silencing on cell migration. Our results demonstrated that loss of MPP8 inhibited cell proliferation and migration and promoted cell apoptosis. These results indicate that MPP8 plays an important role in the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells and suggest that silencing of MPP8 may be an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of CRC.
CoMn Layered Double Hydroxides/Carbon Nanotubes Architectures as High‐Performance Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Zhibin , Yu Chang , Han Xiaotong , Yang Juan , Zhao Changtai , Huang Huawei , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Jieshan Qiu, Chang Yu, and co‐workers, Dalian University of Technology (China). The work constructs an integrated system composed of ultrathin CoMn layered double hydroxides nanoplates and conductive carbon nanotube frameworks, delivering a highly electrocatalytic activity as oxygen evolution reaction catalysts. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201600116.
Metal‐Free Route for the Synthesis of 4‐Acyl‐1,2,3‐Triazoles from Readily Available Building Blocks
Authors: Thomas Joice , Goyvaerts Vince , Liekens Sandra , Dehaen Wim 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFunctionalized 1,2,3‐triazole heterocycles have been known for a long time and hold an extraordinary potential in diverse research areas ranging from medicinal chemistry to material science. However, the scope of therapeutically important 1‐substituted 4‐acyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles is much less explored, probably due to the lack of synthetic methodologies of good scope and practicality. Here, we describe a practical and efficient one‐pot multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of α‐ketotriazoles from readily available building blocks such as methyl ketones, N,N‐dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal, and organic azides with 100 % regioselectivity. This reaction is enabled by the in situ formation of an enaminone intermediate followed by its 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction with an organic azide. We effectively utilized the developed strategy for the derivatization of various heterocycles and natural products, a protocol which is difficult or impossible to realize by other means.
Reducing Molecular Flexibility by Cyclization for Elucidation of Absolute Configuration by CD Calculations: Daurichromenic Acid
Authors: Mándi Attila , Swamy Mahadeva M. M. , Taniguchi Tohru , Anetai Masaki , Monde Kenji 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCircular dichroism (CD) calculations of flexible natural products have been difficult because of the large number of low‐energy conformers and ambiguous Boltzmann distributions. In this article, through electronic (ECD) and vibrational (VCD) studies on a natural product, (+)‐daurichromenic acid, we demonstrate that derivatization of a flexible molecule can dramatically reduce its flexibility. This work also shows the usefulness of derivatization for diminishing computational expenses required for optimization and CD calculations, and for increasing the reliability of the assignment of absolute configuration. Chirality 28:453–459, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Disassembly of Chromophore‐Guided DNA Duplexes through Site‐Selective Binding of Coralyne to Pyrene‐Modified Adenine Bases
Authors: Kim Ki Tae , Choi Tae Su , Kim Ka Young , Kim Hugh I. , Kim Byeang Hyean 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUnder ambient conditions the disassembly of self‐duplexes of PyA‐modified oligodeoxyadenylates (i.e., chromophore‐guided DNA assemblies) through intercalative binding of coralyne units to pyrene‐modified adenine (PyA) bases was carried out. The coralyne units, intercalated site‐selectively on the 3′ sides of the PyA units, are stabilized through π–π stacking interactions. This competitive intercalation destabilizes the stacking interactions of pairs of PyA units, resulting in dissociation of the self‐duplexes. This behavior, which is opposite to that of coralyne‐induced self‐duplex formation of natural oligodeoxyadenylates, was exploited to prepare new types of DNA modules that can be switched between two different duplex states.
Effective Potentials for Charge‐Helium and Charge‐Singly‐Ionized Helium Interactions in a Dense Plasma
Authors: Ramazanov T. S. , Amirov S. M. , Moldabekov Zh. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe effective electron (proton)‐He and electron (proton)‐He+ screened pair interaction potentials arising as a result of partial screening of the helium nucleus field by bound electrons, taking into account both screening by free charged particles and quantum diffraction effect in dense plasmas were derived. The impact of quantum effects on screening was analyzed. It was shown that plasma polarization around the atom leads to the additional repulsion (attraction) between the electron (proton) and the helium atom. The method of constructing the full electron (proton)‐He and electron (proton)‐He+ screened pair interaction potentials as the sum of the derived potentials with the polarization potential and exchange potential is discussed. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Charge and Mass Measurements of a Dust Particle in the Linear Quadrupole Trap
Authors: Syrovatka R. A. , Deputatova L. V. , Fiinov V. S. , Lapitsky D. S. , Pecherkin V. Ya. , Vasiyak L. M. , Vladimirov V. I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe method of charge and mass measurements of a dust particle in the linear quadrupole trap has been developed. The method uses the free fall velocity of the particle for mass measurements and uses combination of the electric and gravitational fields to obtain particle charge. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Features of Phase Transitions in Models of Complex Plasma
Authors: Martynova I. A. , Iosilevskiy I. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSome features of melting curves and fluid‐crystal phase transitions in complex plasmas are under discussion. The base for a consideration is the well‐known phase diagram of dusty plasma (Hamaguchi, 1997) for an equilibrium charged system with the Yukawa potential in Γ − κ plane (Γ is the Coulomb non‐ideality parameter,κ is a screening parameter). This phase diagram is converted for a one‐component Yukawa system in ordinary density ‐ temperature plane. A melting curve is converted for this system in temperature ‐ pressure plane. There are some density gap estimations based on a hypothesis of similar melting properties in Yukawa systems and Soft Spheres systems. The initial phase diagram is also converted for two one‐temperature models of complex plasmas in density – temperature plane. Here simplified variants of complex plasmas models are considered as a thermodynamically equilibrium ensemble of classical Coulomb particles: a 2‐component electroneutral system of macro‐ and microions (+Z, −1) and a 3‐component electroneutral mixture of macroions and two kinds of microions (+Z, −1, +1). The resulting phase diagram for (+Z,−1) or (−Z,+1) in ln n − ln T plane has a form of a linear combination of crystalline and fluid zones separated by the boundaries Γ = const. Parameters and locations of these zones are analyzed in dependence on macroion charge number Z. There are huge negative pressure and negative compressibility areas in the initial phase diagram if one uses equations of state (Hamaguchi,1997) and (Khrapak, 2014). Thus, questions of thermodynamic stability and an existence of an additional phase transition gas‐liquid are discussed. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reflecting Boundary Conditions for Classical and Quantum Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Nonideal Plasmas
Authors: Lavrinenko Y. S. , Morozov I.V. , Valuev I. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe influence of boundary conditions for the classical and wave packet molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of nonideal electron‐ion plasma is studied. We start with the classical MD and perform a comprehensive study of convergence of the per‐particle potential energy and pressure with the number of particles using both the nearest image method (periodic boundaries) and harmonic reflective boundaries. As a result an error caused by finiteness of the simulation box is estimated. Moreover electron oscillations given by the spectra of the current autocorrelation function are analyzed for both types of the boundary conditions. A special attention is paid to the reflecting boundaries since they prevent wave packet spreading in the Wave Packet MD. To speed up classical MD simulations we use the GPU‐accelerated code
Evolutionary potential in the Alpine: trait heritabilities and performance variation of the dwarf willow Salix herbacea from different elevations and microhabitats
Authors: Sedlacek Janosch , Cortés Andrés J. , Wheeler Julia , Bossdorf Oliver , Hoch Guenter , Klápště Jaroslav , Lexer Christian , Rixen Christian , Wipf Sonja , Karrenberg Sophie , van Kleunen Mark 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlpine ecosystems are seriously threatened by climate change. One of the key mechanisms by which plants can adapt to changing environmental conditions is through evolutionary change. However, we still know little about the evolutionary potential in wild populations of long‐lived alpine plants. Here, we investigated heritabilities of phenological traits, leaf size, and performance traits in natural populations of the long‐lived alpine dwarf shrub Salix herbacea using relatedness estimates inferred from SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. Salix herbacea occurs in early‐ and late‐snowmelt microhabitats (ridges and snowbeds), and we assessed how performance consequences of phenological traits and leaf size differ between these microhabitats in order to infer potential for evolutionary responses. Salix herbacea showed low, but significant, heritabilities of leaf size, clonal and sexual reproduction, and moderate heritabilities of phenological traits. In both microhabitats, we found that larger leaves, longer intervals between snowmelt and leaf expansion, and longer GDD (growing‐degree days) until leaf expansion resulted in a stronger increase in the number of stems (clonal reproduction). In snowbeds, clonal reproduction increased with a shorter GDD until flowering, while the opposite was found on ridges. Furthermore, the proportion of flowering stems increased with GDD until flowering in both microhabitats. Our results suggest that the presence of significant heritable variation in morphology and phenology might help S. herbacea to adapt to changing environmental conditions. However, it remains to be seen if the rate of such an evolutionary response can keep pace with the rapid rate of climate change.