bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling the Diurnal Mixing/Mixed Layer Depth in the Tropical Ocean: A Case Study in the South China Sea
Authors: Cao Zhiyong , Liu Zhiyu , Wang Dong , Wang Jianing , Lin Hongyang , Zhang Fangtao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe diurnal cycling of the surface mixing/mixed layer (ML) depth, air‐sea heat flux, and vertical profiles of the temperature and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate in the tropical central South China Sea was observed in summer (June 2017) and winter (January 2018). In the daytime, solar heating warmed and stabilized the ML, and the thickness of the ML can be well characterized by the Zilitinkevich scale as noted in previous studies. By contrast, in the nighttime the ML was deepened by convective turbulence generated by surface cooling. Guided by these observations, we have derived a simple scaling for the nighttime deepening of the ML by simplifying the classic Kraus‐Turner type model. We show that the variation of the ML depth can be scaled by a function of the wind speed, air‐sea heat flux and the temporal variation of the sea surface temperature, all of which are observable variables at the sea surface. It is found that the scaling works well in reproducing observed variations of the ML depth from hydrographic data. As such, this study advances our understanding of the response of the upper ocean to atmospheric forcing and provides a simple way for predicting the ML depth with solely surface observations.
Low‐Profile Miniaturized Wideband Circularly Polarized Monopole and MIMO Antennas Using Characteristic Mode Analysis for Wireless Communication
Authors: Ding Z. , Cao J. , Yu J. , Nasimuddin Nasimuddin , Chia M. Y. , Fei S. , Wang H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLow‐profile miniaturized wideband circularly polarized (CP) monopole and multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antennas using characteristic mode analysis (CMA) are presented. The antennas are constructed with a microstrip feeding line, a slot, and a branch, which positions the transmission line perpendicularly to the branch to achieve CP. The CP characteristic is realized through a characteristic angle (CA) difference of approximately 90° at three mode significance (MS) intersections across four modes. CMA provides both theoretical analysis and design guidance for these antennas. The antennas were fabricated and tested, with dimensions of 0.48λ₀ × 0.48λ₀ × 0.03λ₀ and 0.47λ₀ × 0.47λ₀ × 0.03λ₀, where λ₀ represents the free‐space wavelength. Measurements indicate that the monopole antenna achieves a −10 dB impedance bandwidth (IBW) from 3.2 to 8.4 GHz (89.7% relative bandwidth), a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) from 3.6 to 5.1 GHz (34.5%), and a peak gain of 6.6 dBic. The MIMO antenna has a −10 dB IBW from 3.1 to 8.2 GHz (90.3%), a 3 dB ARBW from 3.2 to 6 GHz (60.9%), and a peak gain of 5.1 dBic. Both antennas feature a low profile, ultra‐wideband IBW, broadband ARBW, and miniaturized design, making them suitable for wideband wireless communication applications.
Mediative role of body mass index in cardiorespiratory fitness-associated vascular remodeling in youth
Authors: Semmler Luisa , Baumgartner Lisa , Weberruß Heidi , Pirzer Raphael , Oberhoffer-Fritz Renate 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Data on fitness-associated arterial remodeling in children is limited. We assessed the relation between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and intima-media thickness (IMT), diameter, IMT:diameter-ratio (IDR), and tensile stress of the common carotid artery (CCA) in 697 healthy German schoolchildren. Further, we explored how body mass index (BMI) may influence these associations.

Methods
We measured the vascular parameters with a high-resolution ultrasound device. We determined CRF using the FITNESSGRAM® PACER test and calculated each child’s allometrically scaled peak oxygen uptake capacity (VO2peak).

Results
VO2peak, reflecting CRF, showed positive direct effects on IMT (girls: p < 0.001; boys: p = 0.02) and diameter in girls (p < 0.001). Considering BMI as a mediator, higher CRF was indirectly linked to decreases in IMT (girls: p = 0.04; boys: p = 0.02) and diameter (both p < 0.001), reflecting a competitive mediation. CRF indirectly mitigated the BMI-associated decrease in IDR (both p < 0.001) and increase in tensile stress (both p < 0.001) without affecting any of these parameters directly.

Conclusion
CRF appears to be linked to uniform arterial remodeling with balanced hemodynamics and to further alleviate BMI-associated, potentially adverse vascular alterations, highlighting its significant role in cardiovascular health in youth.

Impact

Data on CRF-associated arterial remodeling in youth is limited.

Higher VO2peak, reflecting higher CRF, was positively associated with IMT in girls and boys and diameter in girls. These direct effects were counteracted by the indirect BMI-mediated effect of CRF on IMT and diameter, reflecting a competitive mediation.

A higher CRF indirectly mitigated the BMI-associated decrease in IDR and increase in tensile stress without directly affecting any of these parameters.

Our findings indicate homogenous remodeling and balanced hemodynamics with increasing CRF—and opposite effects with increasing BMI.
Three-dimensional wave breaking
Authors: McAllister M. L. , Draycott S. , Calvert R. , Davey T. , Dias F. , van den Bremer T. S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough a ubiquitous natural phenomenon, the onset and subsequent process of surface wave breaking are not fully understood. Breaking affects how steep waves become and drives air–sea exchanges1. Most seminal and state-of-the-art research on breaking is underpinned by the assumption of two-dimensionality, although ocean waves are three dimensional. We present experimental results that assess how three-dimensionality affects breaking, without putting limits on the direction of travel of the waves. We show that the breaking-onset steepness of the most directionally spread case is double that of its unidirectional counterpart. We identify three breaking regimes. As directional spreading increases, horizontally overturning ‘travelling-wave breaking’ (I), which forms the basis of two-dimensional breaking, is replaced by vertically jetting ‘standing-wave breaking’ (II). In between, ‘travelling-standing-wave breaking’ (III) is characterized by the formation of vertical jets along a fast-moving crest. The mechanisms in each regime determine how breaking limits steepness and affects subsequent air–sea exchanges. Unlike in two dimensions, three-dimensional wave-breaking onset does not limit how steep waves may become, and we produce directionally spread waves 80% steeper than at breaking onset and four times steeper than equivalent two-dimensional waves at their breaking onset. Our observations challenge the validity of state-of-the-art methods used to calculate energy dissipation and to design offshore structures in highly directionally spread seas.
Emissions-weighted carbon price: sources and methods
Authors: Dolphin Geoffroy , Merkle Magnus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis note describes the sources and methods used to calculate the emissions-weighted carbon price (ECP), the average price applied to CO2 emissions across all sources of emissions within a territorial jurisdiction by all carbon pricing mechanisms in force. It provides a transparent summary of the stringency of carbon pricing mechanisms in force within a given jurisdiction and allows for a straightforward comparison of that stringency across jurisdictions. It also describes the methodology behind two closely connected calculations: (i) sector-level carbon prices (by IPCC categories of emissions by sources and by categories of economic activity, respectively), (ii) industry- and country-level carbon costs.
Al-alkyl borate salt cocatalysts for olefin polymerization: exploration of N-donor ligand variations
Authors: Urciuoli Gaia , Zaccaria Francesco , Zuccaccia Cristiano , Cipullo Roberta , Budzelaar Peter H. M. , Tensi Leonardo , Vittoria Antonio , Ehm Christian , Macchioni Alceo , Busico Vincenzo 
Published: September 2024

The stability and reactivity of {[iBu2(L)Al]2(μ-H)}+[B(C6F5)4]− (AlHAl), recently identified as a promising cocatalyst for olefin polymerization, can be modulated by varying the structure of the neutral N-donor (L).
Efficacy of novel endoscopic hemostatic agent for bleeding control and prevention: Results from a prospective, multicenter national registry
Authors: Maselli Roberta , Da Rio Leonardo , Manno Mauro , Soriani Paola , Andrisani Gianluca , Di Matteo Francesco Maria , Fabbri Carlo , Sbrancia Monica , Binda Cecilia , Panarese Alba , D'Abramo Fulvio , Staiano Teresa , Rizza Stefano , Cannizzaro Renato , Maiero Stefania , Stigliano Vittoria , de Nucci Germana , Manes Gianpiero , Sacco Marco , Facciorusso Antonio , Hassan Cesare , Repici Alessandro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Topical hemostatic agents emerged as a new treatment modality for gastrointestinal bleeding. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of PuraStat for control of active bleeding and for prevention of bleeding after different operative endoscopy procedures.
Patients and methods A national, multicenter, observational registry was established to collect data from ten Italian centers from June 2021 to February 2023. Demographics, type of application (active gastrointestinal bleeding or prevention after endoscopic procedures, site, amount of gel used, completeness of coverage of the treated area), outcomes (rates of intraprocedural hemostasis and bleeding events during 30-day follow-up), and adverse events (AEs) were prospectively analyzed.
Results Four hundred and one patients were treated for active gastrointestinal bleeding or as a preventive measure after different types of operative endoscopy procedures. Ninety-one treatments for active bleeding and 310 preventive applications were included. In 174 of 401 cases (43.4%), PuraStat was the primary treatment modality. Complete coverage was possible in 330 of 401 (82.3%) with difficulty in application in seven of 401 cases (1.7%). Hemostasis of active bleedings was achieved in 90 of 91 patients (98.9%). In 30-day follow-up 3.9% patients in whom PuraStat was used for prophylaxis had a bleeding event compared with 7.7% after hemostasis. No AEs related to the use of PuraStat were reported.
Conclusions PuraStat is a safe and effective hemostat both for bleeding control and for bleeding prevention after different operative endoscopy procedures. Our results suggest that the possible applications for the use of PuraStat may be wider compared with current indications.
Imaging Informatics Education in Clinical Informatics Programs: Perspective from Imaging and Clinical Informatics Professionals
Authors: Bumbarger Nathan A. , Towbin Alexander J. , Garcia-Filion Pamela , Whitfill James , Cook Tessa , Folio Les R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background Imaging and Clinical Informatics are domains of biomedical informatics. Imaging Informatics topics are often not covered in depth in most Clinical Informatics fellowships. While dedicated Imaging Informatics fellowships exist, they may not have the same rigor as ACGME (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) accredited Clinical Informatics fellowships and they do not provide a direct path toward subspecialty board certification.
Objectives We compared published curricula and test content between Clinical and Imaging Informatics fellowship programs. We then highlighted differences between training programs and identified overlapping topics and opportunities for additional education for each type of trainee.
Methods Published consensus curricula and topics were extracted for each specialty. Two informaticists compared topics as shared or not shared between specialties. Next, test content outlines were compared for each specialty exam, extracted, and classified as shared or not shared content. A Venn diagram was created to highlight areas unique to each specialty as well as areas of overlap.
Results There were 139 Clinical Informatics topics compared with 97 Imaging Informatics topics. Of the 139 Clinical Informatics topics, 115 (83%) were covered in the Imaging Informatics curriculum. Of the 97 Imaging Informatics topics, 74 (76%) were covered in the Clinical Informatics curriculum. When using test content outline data, 170 out of 397 (43%) Imaging Informatics topics matched to 64 out of 139 (46%) Clinical Informatics topics. We describe examples of overlapping topics and those unique to each program to identify potential areas to expand.
Conclusion Imaging Informatics and Clinical Informatics fellowship programs have some overlap with areas unique to each. Our review may help guide those seeking informatics education and potential certification. As enterprise imaging evolves, these differences may become more important and create knowledge gaps, if not systematically evaluated.
High speed fast-ion D-alpha spectrometer for the NSTX-U tokamak
Authors: Edmondson Aidan , Albosta Ryan , Geiger Benedikt , Gallenberger Thomas , Smith David , Heidbrink W. W. , Stratton B. 
Published: September 2024

Here, we present the design and first calibration results of a new single-channel Fast-Ion D-Alpha (FIDA) spectrometer to be employed at the National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade (NSTX-U). The Czerny–Turner-type spectrometer uses a custom-designed aspherical lens setup instead of mirrors and achieves excellent spectral resolution, with high photon throughput through a round-to-linear fiber bundle, and camera frame rates around 8.4 kHz. The spectrometer uses a blocking bar to avoid saturation effects of the cold D-alpha emission line and will allow for detailed studies of the fast-ion confinement in NSTX-U. Expected synthetic spectra predicted with the TRANSP and FIDASIM codes show that the spectral range from 648.5 to 658 nm will sufficiently cover halo, the red-shifted beam emission, and the blue-shifted portion of FIDA emission in NSTX-U, which is sufficient for fast-ion transport studies of co-rotating fast ions.
Tourism Cases Special Issue: The Work Integrated Learning (WIL) Experience: Challenges, Triumphs and Lessons to be Learned
Authors: Macionis Niki , Walters Gabby 
Published: September 2024

Summary
This special issue explores the trials and tribulations, successes, and best practice examples of Work Integrated Learning (WIL) opportunities offered to students and trainees within tourism and hospitality programs and events sectors. In this special issue, we feature six unique cases that demonstrate the application of WIL to prepare students and trainees for the tourism and hospitality workforce. The cases cover both tertiary and vocational contexts across six different countries.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Identifying noise transients in gravitational-wave data arising from nonlinear couplings
Authors: Hall Bernard , Suyamprakasam Sudhagar , Mazumder Nairwita , More Anupreeta , Bose Sukanta 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Noise in various interferometer systems can sometimes couple non-linearly to create excess noise in the gravitational wave (GW) strain data. Third-order statistics, such as bicoherence and biphase, can identify these couplings and help discriminate those occurrences from astrophysical GW signals. However, the conventional analysis can yield large bicoherence values even when no phase-coupling is present, thereby, resulting in false identifications. Introducing artificial phase randomization in computing the bicoherence reduces such occurrences with negligible impact on its effectiveness for detecting true phase-coupled disturbances. We demonstrate this property with simulated disturbances—focusing only on short-duration ones (lasting up to a few seconds) and employing mainly the auto-bicoherence in this work. Statistical hypothesis testing is used for distinguishing phase-coupled disturbances from non-phase coupled ones when employing the phase-randomized bicoherence. We also obtain an expression for the bicoherence value that minimizes the sum of the probabilities of false positives and false negatives. This can be chosen as a threshold for shortlisting bicoherence triggers for further scrutiny for the presence of non-linear coupling. Finally, the utility of the phase-randomized bicoherence analysis in GW time-series data is demonstrated for the following three scenarios: (1) Finding third-order statistical similarities within categories of noise transients, such as blips and koi fish. If these non-Gaussian noise transients, or glitches, have a common source, their bicoherence maps can have similarities arising from common bifrequencies related to that source. (2) Differentiating linear or non-linear phase-coupled glitches from compact binary coalescence signals through their bicoherence maps. This is explained with a simulated signal. (3) Identifying repeated bifrequencies in the second and third observation runs (i.e. O2 and O3) of LIGO and Virgo.
Spin-2 Green’s functions on Kerr in radiation gauge
Authors: Casals Marc , Hollands Stefan , Pound Adam , Toomani Vahid 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We construct retarded and advanced Green’s functions for gravitational perturbations in Kerr in an ingoing radiation gauge. Our Green’s functions have a frequency domain piece that has previously been obtained by Ori (2003 Phys. Rev. D 67) based on the Chrzanowski-Cohen-Kegeles metric reconstruction method. As is well known, this piece by itself is not sufficient to obtain an actual Green’s function. We show how to complete it with a piece based on a method by Green et al (2020 Class. Quantum Grav.
37). The completion piece has a completely explicit form in the time-domain and is supported on pairs of points on the same outgoing principal null geodesic which are in the appropriate causal order. We expect our Green’s functions to be useful for gravitational self-force calculations and other perturbation problems on Kerr spacetime.
Doping engineering modulated adsorption and sensing performance of β-tellurene towards greenhouse gas molecules
Authors: Zhang Hanjie , Zhang Yitong , Li Jiesen , Lu Yi-Lin , Xu Jingyue , Luo Ran , Dong Shengjie , Mei Lin , Mao Zhuo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
CO2, CH4, CF4, CCl3F, CCl2F2, HCF2Cl, N2O and SF6 are well-known greenhouse gases that cause serious threat to the earth’s ecological environment. To expand the application and development of two-dimensional (2D) materials in the field of greenhouse gas sensing, adsorption of the greenhouse gases on the pristine β-tellurene monolayer was investigated by first-principles calculations to estimate the potential application of β-tellurene as a monitor for greenhouse gas. The results indicate that β-tellurene exhibits favorable adsorption capabilities for greenhouse gases, especially demonstrating selective sensing potential for SF6 molecules due to the changes in electronic structures after gas exposure. The effects of noble metal atoms doping on structural, electronic and SF6 sensing properties were systematic estimated. The calculation results revealed that doping with different transition metal (TM) atom could bring diverse electronic properties to β-tellurene. Among them, doping with Os, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ru could effectively enhance the electronic delocalization, improving the detection sensitivity for β-tellurene. In addition, TM doping could also improve the recovery time of β-tellurene by two orders of magnitude, and provided the possibility for β-tellurene as a work function type sensing material. By delving into the gas sensing properties of β-tellurene with TM doping, we provided a valuable guidance for the design of innovative tellurene- based sensing 2D materials for devices and technologies.
Soft sensor for melting flow rate prediction based on data-enhanced classification method
Authors: Zhang Zhengmin , Yang Yiming , Hou Yanxi , Ou Danlin , Xu Lei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The melt flow rate (MFR) is a crucial quality indicator for polyolefin products. However, the offline laboratory measurement method suffers from significant time delays between sampling and obtaining test values, making it inconvenient for real-time product quality control. Additionally, installing an online analyzer can be expensive. In this study, we propose a soft sensor method that combines mechanism analysis and data-driven approaches to predict the MFR in the extruder process. Firstly, we analyze the physical mechanism of the extruder process, and the time series data are processed into independent enhanced data sets by reasonably selecting data enhancement parameters. Secondly, we statistically model the distribution of particle MFR and classify the data into four sections. We train Deep Neural Network (DNN) and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) regression models separately for low and non-low MFR sections while also developing a global classification model to invoke corresponding regression models when needed. The results demonstrate that our classification model achieves 100% accuracy in distinguishing between low and non-low MFR categories; furthermore, our regression models achieve an RMSE of 0.600, and an R
2 value of 0.998, outperforming existing models on various indicators. Finally, considering viscosity variations in polyolefin products’ influence on prediction performance, we recommend setting data enhancement parameters contrary to particle MFR trends.
First clinical implementation of a highly efficient daily online adapted proton therapy (DAPT) workflow
Authors: Albertini F , Czerska K , Vazquez M , Andaca I , Bachtiary B , Besson R , Bolsi A , Bogaert A , Choulilitsa E , Hrbacek J , Jakobsen S , Leiser D , Matter M , Mayor A , Meier G , Nanz A , Nenoff L , Oxley D , Siewert D , Rohrer Schnidrig B A , Smolders A , Szweda H , Van Heerden M , Winterhalter C , Lomax AJ , Weber DC 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. This study presents the first clinical implementation of an efficient online daily adaptive proton therapy workflow (DAPT). Approach. The DAPT workflow includes a pre-treatment phase, where a template and a fallback plan are optimized on the planning computed tomography (CT). In the online phase, the adapted plan is re-optimized on daily images from an in-room CT. Daily structures are rigidly propagated from the planning CT. Automated Quality Assurance (QA) involves geometric, sanity checks and an independent dose calculation from the machine files. Differences from the template plan are analyzed field-by-field, and clinical plan is assessed by reviewing the achieved clinical goals using a traffic light protocol. If the daily adapted plan fails any QA or clinical goals, the fallback plan is used. In the offline phase the delivered dose is recalculated from log-files onto the daily CT, and a gamma analysis is performed (3%/3 mm). The DAPT workflow has been applied to selected adult patients treated in rigid anatomy for the last serie of the treatment between October 2023 and April 2024. Main Results. DAPT treatment sessions averaged around 23 min [range: 15–30 min] and did not exceed the typical 30 minute time slot. Treatment adaptation, including QA and clinical plan assessment, averaged just under 7 min [range: 3:30–16 min] per fraction. All plans passed the online QAs steps. In the offline phase a good agreement with the log-files reconstructed dose was achieved (minimum gamma pass rate of 97.5%). The online adapted plan was delivered for >85% of the fractions. In 92% of total fractions, adapted plans exhibited improved individual dose metrics to the targets and/or organs at risk. Significance. This study demonstrates the successful implementation of an online daily DAPT workflow. Notably, the duration of a DAPT session did not exceed the time slot typically allocated for non-DAPT treatment. As far as we are aware, this is a first clinical implementation of daily online adaptive proton therapy.