bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to Empower Release of Insects Carrying a Dominant Lethal and Wolbachia Against Zika
Authors: Dickens Borame L. , Yang Jie , Cook Alex R. , Carrasco Luis R. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
RIDL (release of insects with dominant lethality) and Wolbachia are 2 potentially powerful tools in the fight against Zika, but their technological advancement is being hampered by policy barriers. In this study, we discuss what could be done to overcome these regulatory deadlocks.
Suzaku observations of the hard X-ray spectrum of Vela Jr. (SNR RX J0852.0−4622)
Authors: Takeda Sawako , Bamba Aya , Terada Yukikatsu , Tashiro Makoto S. , Katsuda Satoru , Yamazaki Ryo , Ohira Yutaka , Iwakiri Wataru 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We report the results of Suzaku observations of the young supernova remnant, Vela Jr. (RX J0852.0−4622), which is known to emit synchrotron X-rays, as well as TeV gamma-rays. Utilizing 39 Suzaku mapping observation data from Vela Jr., a significant hard X-ray emission is detected with the hard X-ray detector (HXD) from the northwest TeV-emitting region. The X-ray spectrum is reproduced well by a single power-law model with a photon index of $3.15^{+1.18}_{-1.14}$ in the 12–22 keV band. Compiling this hard X-ray spectrum with the soft X-ray spectrum simultaneously observed with the X-ray imaging spectrometer (XIS) onboard Suzaku, we find that the wide-band X-ray spectrum in the 2–22 keV band is reproduced with a single power-law or concave broken power-law model, which are statistically consistent with each other. Whichever of the two models, single or broken power-law, is appropriate, clearly the spectrum has no roll-off structure. Applying this result to the method introduced in Yamazaki et al. (2014, Res. Astron. Astrophys., 14, 165), we find that a one-zone synchrotron model with electron spectrum having a power-law plus exponential cut-off may not be applicable to Vela Jr.
Proximal Femoral Growth Modification: Effect of Screw, Plate, and Drill on Asymmetric Growth of the Hip
Authors: d’Heurle Albert , McCarthy James , Klimaski David , Stringer Keith 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Guided growth has long been used in the lower extremities but has not been applied to varus or valgus deformity in the hip, as may occur in children with cerebral palsy or developmental dysplasia of the hip. The purpose of this study was to determine if screw, plate, or drilling techniques decreased the femoral neck-shaft angle (NSA) and articular trochanteric disease (ATD), as well as describe growth plate structural changes with each method.

Methods:
Twelve 8-week-old lambs underwent proximal femoral hemiepiphysiodesis (IACUC approved) using either a screw (n=4), plate (n=4), or drilling procedure (n=4). Postoperative time was 6 months. Radiographs taken after limb harvest were used to measure NSA and ATD. Differences between treated and control sides were determined by 1-tailed paired t tests and Bonferroni (α=0.05/3). Histology was obtained for 1 limb pair per group. Proximal femurs were cut in midcoronal plane and the longitudinal growth plates were examined for structural changes.

Results:
The mean NSA measured 7 degrees less than controls in this model using the screw technique, and this difference was statistically significant. Differences between the control and the treated groups did not reach statistical significance for either the plate or the drill group. Differences in ATD were not statistically significant, although there was a trend for larger ATD measurements using the screw technique. Histologically, physeal changes were observed on the operative sides in screw and plate specimens, but not drill specimens, compared with contralateral sham control. The screw specimen exhibited the most severe changes, with growth plate closure over half the section. The plate specimen showed focal loss of the physis across the section, but with no evidence of closure.

Conclusions:
This study builds on previous work that indicates screw hemiepiphysiodesis can effectively alter the shape of the proximal femur, and result in a lower neck-shaft ankle (or lesser valgus). This study suggests that implantation of a screw is likely to be more effective than a plate or drilling procedure in decreasing the NSA in skeletally immature hips.

Clinical Significance:
If further preclinical, and later clinical, studies demonstrate reproducible efficacy, guided growth of the proximal femur may eventually become a viable option for treatment or prevention of hip deformity in select patients.
Compliance of Perioperative Antibiotic Dosing and Surgical Site Infection Rate in Office-Based Elective Surgery
Authors: LaBove Gabrielle , Davison Steven P. , Jackson Monica 
Published: May 2016

Background:
A best practice goal to reduce surgical site infection includes administration of antibiotics in the ideal preoperative window. This article evaluates an office surgical suite antibiotic administration rate and compares it with the timing of a local hospital treating a similar patient population. The hypothesis was that similar or better compliance and surgical site infection rates can be achieved in the office-based suite.

Methods:
A total of 277 office-based surgeries were analyzed for antibiotic administration time before incision and their corresponding surgical site infection rate.

Results:
Our facility administered timely prophylactic antibiotics in 96% of cases with a surgical site infection rate of 0.36%. This rate was significantly lower than a reported rate of 3.7%.

Conclusion:
Low infection rates with high antibiotic administration rate suggest that compliance with best possible practice protocols is possible in the outpatient setting.
Clinical Features of Infectious Keratitis Caused by Propionibacterium Acnes
Authors: Lim Sung A. , Na Kyung-Sun , Joo Choun-Ki 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:

Propionibacterium acnes is a commensal bacteria whose pathogenicity in infectious keratitis is unclear. In this study, we report infectious keratitis cultured with P. acnes and evaluate its clinical characteristics.

Methods:
All cases of infectious keratitis submitted to the microbiology laboratory of St. Mary's Hospital of Seoul between January 2013 and April 2014 were reviewed. Nonpretreated cases that were positive for P. acnes were identified, and clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes were studied.

Results:
Of 132 cultures submitted to the microbiology laboratory, 89 (67.4%) were positive for growth, and a total of 16 (17.9%) of the 89 cases yielded P. acnes in culture medium. Infectious keratitis that was positive for P. acnes was generally small (62.5%) with deep stromal infiltration (81.25%) and a peripheral location (56.25%). The average incubation period was 11.06±5.76 days, and the average time to reepithelialization was 23.50+13.52 days. All the cases of P. acnes evaluated in this report responded well to medical treatment.

Conclusions:
Infectious keratitis with P. acnes is not uncommon and can be confused with other Gram-positive cocci. Thus, P. acnes should be suspected in small-sized keratitis with an unusually long incubation period.
Early effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on peptides and hormones involved in the control of energy balance
Authors: Molin Netto Bárbara Dal , Earthman Carrie P. , Cravo Bettini Solange , Grotti Clemente Ana Paula , Landi Masquio Deborah Cristina , Farias Gisele , Boritza Katia , da Silva Larissa Gabrielle , von der Heyde Maria Emilia , Dâmaso Ana Raimunda 
Published: May 2016

Introduction
Body weight varies depending on the prevailing direction of environmental pressures; however, physiological factors also play a significant role in the control of body weight. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on hormones and peptides involved in the control of energy balance and their possible implications in appetite/satiety.

Methods
The sample included 39 individuals with extreme obesity (37 women and two men) who underwent RYGB. Anthropometric and biochemical markers were collected before surgery and 6 months after RYGB.

Results
The BMI decreased from 44.3±6.4 to 31.7±5.7 kg/m2 (P<0.001) at the sixth month. Percentage of excess weight lost was 63.2±25.0%. Leptin and glucose levels decreased significantly 6 months after RYGB (P<0.001). Interestingly, a significant correlation was confirmed between the anorexigenic gut hormone peptide YY (PYY) and the central anorexigenic mediator α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone after 6 months of RYGB (r=0.35, P=0.004). In contrast, PYY concentrations were correlated negatively with BMI (r=−0.34, P=0.002).

Conclusion
In the present investigation, it was found that there is a relationship between α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and PYY concentrations, and it supports the role of the PYY to POMC signal in appetite regulation after RYGB.
The flashing of fireflies
Authors: Hirsch Peter Buell 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to identify the characteristics of enduring audience engagement through social media.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach is to examine recent examples of successful social media practices to identify common characteristics.

Findings
The most common characteristics of successful social media engagement include continuous beta, co-ownership, room for error and convenor-ship.

Originality/value
The author’s analogy of successful social media to the biophysical phenomenon of entrainment is an original insight into social engagement.
Achieving more with less: Henkel’s Factor 3 strategy
Authors: Patterson Van , Knott Joe , Melnick Rob 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to provide an inside view and analysis of corporate eco-efficiency/sustainability strategy resulting in recommendations for the consumer goods industry.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is framed by a literature review and case studies of corporate sustainability strategies. Original research was conducted via in-depth, face-to-face interviews (26) of Henkel senior management familiar with the company’s “Factor 3” strategy.

Findings
This research identifies certain challenges to corporate sustainability strategy including consumer use of products and how best to measure ecological and social footprints. It shows that many managers find the Factor 3 strategy to be clear and understandable but with challenging goals and metrics; managers and executives are optimistic about success and feel Factor 3 gives Henkel a competitive edge. This paper uncovers areas of in the strategy that need improvement including consumer education, industry partnering, accountability and supply chain strategy, and also finds that the Factor 3 affects employees on a personal level, changing behavior and evoking positive responses.

Originality/value
While there is considerable literature on corporate eco-efficiency sustainability strategies, there has not been sufficient critical third-party analysis of how these strategies are progressing, the challenges they face and what their trajectory is. Because strategies like Henkel’s Factor 3 represent an increasingly popular corporate vision and set of articulated goals, researchers and practitioners need a deeper understanding of how large, global companies are tackling sustainability and how successful these strategies have been.
Leaping innovation barriers to small business longevity
Authors: Taneja Sonia , Pryor Mildred Golden , Hayek Mario 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address the challenges faced by small businesses and to explain the importance of using strategic innovation to achieve long-term sustainability and viability.

Design/methodology/approach
This study of small business innovation includes reviewing the types and determinants of innovation as well as strategies to overcome innovation barriers. In addition, the authors developed a model that portrays elements needed for strategic innovation that supports the long-term viability of small businesses.

Findings
Small businesses serve as the economic foundation for many nations because they stimulate innovation, provide jobs, foster competitiveness and support overall economic growth. Small businesses can rapidly adapt to change, adopt new strategies and provide flexibility that supports strategic innovation. As a result, strategic innovation is a key driver of sustainable competitive advantage for small businesses.

Practical implications
Small business leaders need to integrate strategic innovation with their strategic planning to remain competitive. The strategic innovation model presented in this paper can assist them in understanding elements needed for successful strategic innovation and long-term viability.

Social implications
Globally, small businesses exert a strong influence on economic growth and create opportunities, employment and technological development. This paper will assist small business leaders as they strive to use strategic innovation to strengthen their competitive capabilities.

Originality/value
The unique strategic innovation model that the authors developed can help small businesses to achieve long-term sustainability and viability in the competitive marketplace.
From thinking green to buying green: consumer motivation makes the difference
Authors: Royne Marla B. , Thieme Jeff , Levy Marian , Oakley Jared , Alderson Laura 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the need for appropriate green marketing communication strategies to close the gap between consumers’ strong environmental concerns and weak engagement in sustainable behaviors. In doing so, our overarching goal is to provide new direction for creating targeted marketing communication strategies that will more effectively motivate consumer purchasing of green products and services.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a survey approach to collect data and regression analysis to test our hypotheses.

Findings
The findings suggest that demographic variables (gender, ethnicity and age) as well as concern for waste, concern for health and concern for environmental technology influence five different categories of sustainable behaviors.

Research limitations/implications
The results suggest that future studies should consider multiple dimensions of environmental concern because each dimension has a different impact on sustainable behaviors.

Practical implications
The findings contribute to the continued development of a green consumer profile and highlight the need for marketers to carefully select appropriate dimensions of environmental concern to emphasize in their communication strategies. Results also reinforce the need to consider demographics in targeted communications.

Originality/value
This study considers the impact of different dimensions of environmental concern and demographic variables on different types of sustainable behaviors.
Assessing the role of GPs in Nordic health care systems
Authors: Quaye Randolph K. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper examines the changing role of general practitioners (GPs) in Nordic countries of Sweden, Norway and Denmark. It aims to explore the “gate keeping” role of GPs in the face of current changes in the health care delivery systems in these countries.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from existing literature, interviews with GPs, hospital specialists and representatives of Danish regions and Norwegian Medical Association.

Findings
The paper contends that in all these changes, the position of the GPs in the medical division of labor has been strengthened, and patients now have increased and broadened access to choice.

Research limitations/implications
Health care cost and high cancer mortality rates have forced Nordic countries of Sweden, Norway and Denmark to rethink their health care systems. Several attempts have been made to reduce health care cost through market reform and by strenghtening the position of GPs. The evidence suggests that in Norway and Denmark, right incentives are in place to achieve this goal. Sweden is not far behind. The paper has limitations of a small sample size and an exclusive focus on GPs.

Practical implications
Anecdotal evidence suggests that physicians are becoming extremely unhappy. Understanding the changing status of primary care physicians will yield valuable information for assessing the effectiveness of Nordic health care delivery systems.

Social implications
This study has wider implications of how GPs see their role as potential gatekeepers in the Nordic health care systems. The role of GPs is changing as a result of recent health care reforms.

Originality/value
This paper contends that in Norway and Denmark, right incentives are in place to strengthen the position of GPs.
Entrepreneurial social capital, cognitive orientation and new venture innovation
Authors: Xu Yang 
Published: May 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the entrepreneur’s social capital and cognitive orientation in new venture innovation.Design/methodology/approachThe specific research questions are what impact the entrepreneur’s social capital has on his or her cognitive orientation in new product development; and to what extent and how social capital is dependent on the entrepreneur’s cognitive orientation in the new venture innovation performance. Data were collected in a survey conducted in multiple waves on a sample of approximately 1,400 new ventures in the USA. Social capital is measured by the position generator method. Cognitive orientation is measured by the causal mapping method. Regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicate that the entrepreneur’s strong social ties with the scientific community and technology-orientated cognition drive research collaborations and ultimately contribute to new venture innovation.Research limitations/implicationsPossible limitations are the low survey response rate, the spread of industries involved and respondents being the sole data source. Future research could use multiple data sources, increase the response rate by using other methods such as interviews and focus on a single industry or a set of related industries.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study can guide entrepreneurs to manage their social relationships actively. Entrepreneurs should proactively build strong ties with the scientific community at the start-up stage to improve their firms’ innovation performance. In the domain of public policy, initiatives such as encouragement of cooperation between universities and entrepreneurs may help to create new venture innovations and stimulate the regional economy.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the research on innovation and entrepreneurship by exploring the interrelationships among entrepreneurs’ social capital, cognitive orientation and new venture innovation. It found that entrepreneurs’ social capital at the start-up stage influences the characteristics of their cognitive orientation in new product development and ultimately new venture innovation. It also revealed how entrepreneurs think about new product success through cognitive mapping techniques.
Reframing the influence of national culture with theory-based multi-resolution simulation models
Authors: Fox Stephen 
Published: May 2016

PurposeFor several decades, national culture has been described as having major influence over international business outcomes. Yet national culture has been framed often by vague terms and simplistic scales. The purpose of this paper is to explain why and how the influence of national culture should be reframed.Design/methodology/approachReview of literature concerned with causation in the behaviour of individuals and groups: anthropology, cognition, psychology, cross-cultural psychology, cultural psychology and cultural geography.FindingsWithin every nationality, and across international business, there is dynamic complexity of thought and action among individuals and groups. This derives from differences of genders, age, cultures, personality types and past experiences; the highly complex interactions between them; their commingling with common traits; and the varying influence of contextual factors. This dynamic complexity cannot be addressed by managers through use of vague simplistic conceptualizations of national culture.Practical implicationsAs an alternative to vague simplistic conceptualizations, scientific theories, such as resource-based theory, knowledge-based view, contagion theories and social cognition theory, can be referred to in the formulation of multi-resolution simulation models. These models can enable managers to analyze dynamic complex international business scenarios, in terms of situation-specific variables.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is that it provides a detailed explanation of why vague simplistic conceptualizations of national culture are of limited usefulness to managers of international business. The value of this paper is that it describes a practical alternative: theory-based multi-resolution simulation models.
Effect of expiratory muscle strength training on swallowing‐related muscle strength in community‐dwelling elderly individuals: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Park Ji‐Su , Oh Dong‐Hwan , Chang Moon‐Young 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) on swallowing‐related muscle strength in community‐dwelling elderly individuals.BackgroundExpiratory muscle strength training is an intervention for patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. This training is associated with respiration, coughing, speech and swallowing, and its effectiveness has been proven in previous studies. However, the effects of EMST on elderly individuals and evidence are still lacking.Materials and methodsThis study included 24 community‐dwelling senior citizens aged ≥65 years (12 men and 12 women). The experimental group trained at the 70% threshold value of the maximum expiratory pressure using an EMST device 5 days per week for 4 weeks and comprised five sets of five breaths through the device for 25 breaths per day. The placebo group trained with a resistance‐free sham device. Post‐intervention, muscle strength of the bilateral buccinator and the orbicularis oris muscles (OOM) was measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. Surface electromyography was used to measure activation of the suprahyoid muscles (SM).ResultsAfter intervention, the strength of the buccinator and the OOM in the experimental group showed statistically significant improvement. There was also statistically significant activation of the SM. In the placebo group, the strength of the orbicularis oris muscle alone improved. No statistically significant differences between groups were found for the strength of the buccinator and the OOM and the activation of the SM.ConclusionEMST had a positive effect on swallowing‐related muscle strength in elderly participants.
A Comparative Study Examining Academic Cohorts with Transnational Migratory Intentions Towards Canada and Australia
Authors: Hopkins John 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis research examines the issue of transnational academic mobility of academic staff, those choosing to migrate to higher education institutions in different countries as part of their career development, and performs a comparative study between the characteristics of academics examining Australia as a possible migratory destination with those considering Canada. A combination of Google Analytics and two online questionnaires, running in parallel for a period of 12 months, were employed in capturing a range of rich primary quantitative and qualitative research data. Quantitative web analytics data is analysed to locate the geographic origins of migratory interest, with qualitative survey data providing further insight into the academics' background, qualifications, disciplines and reasons for wanting to migrate. When combined, this mixed‐method approach is able to utilise the merged data to develop a detailed profile of academics with migratory intentions towards Australia and Canada, enabling comparisons between the two cohorts to be made.