bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Optical and Infrared Photometric Study of the Young Open Cluster IC 1805 in the Giant H ii Region W4*
†
Authors: Sung Hwankyung , Bessell Michael S. , Chun Moo-Young , Yi Jonghyuk , Nazé Y. , Lim Beomdu , Karimov R. , Rauw G. , Park Byeong-Gon , Hur Hyeonoh 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We present deep wide-field optical CCD photometry and mid-infrared Spitzer/IRAC and MIPS 24 μm data for about 100,000 stars in the young open cluster IC 1805. The members of IC 1805 were selected from their location in the various color–color and color–magnitude diagrams, and the presence of Hα emission, mid-infrared excess emission, and X-ray emission. The reddening law toward IC 1805 is nearly normal (R

V
= 3.05 ± 0.06). However, the distance modulus of the cluster is estimated to be 11.9 ± 0.2 mag (

kpc) from the reddening-free color–magnitude diagrams, which is larger than the distance to the nearby massive star-forming region W3(OH) measured from the radio VLBA astrometry. We also determined the age of IC 1805 (

Myr). In addition, we critically compared the age and mass scale from two pre-main-sequence evolution models. The initial mass function with a Salpeter-type slope of Γ = −1.3 ± 0.2 was obtained and the total mass of IC 1805 was estimated to be about 2700 ± 200

. Finally, we found our distance determination to be statistically consistent with the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution Data Release 1, within the errors. The proper motion of the B-type stars shows an elongated distribution along the Galactic plane, which could be explained by some of the B-type stars being formed in small clouds dispersed by previous episodes of star formation or supernova explosions.
Un ordre d’enseignement paradoxal : le lycée professionnel comme analyseur des avancées et des obstacles à la démocratisation scolaire
Authors: Jellab Aziz 
Published: May 2017

Institution de tous les paradoxes, le lycée professionnel (LP) est censé préparer les élèves à l’insertion professionnelle, notamment dans des emplois d’ouvriers et d’employés. En 1985, le LP a vu changer ses missions avec la création du baccalauréat professionnel, puis, après sa généralisation en 3 ans après la classe de 3 e de collège, la progression de la part des élèves souhaitant poursuivre leurs études dans le supérieur. Si ces évolutions contribuent à valoriser un ordre d’enseignement historiquement dominé dans la hiérarchie scolaire, elles s’accompagnent de nouvelles tensions : l’hégémonie symbolique du baccalauréat professionnel marginalise le CAP, l’expose à une déprofessionnalisation et à une disqualification des compétences professionnelles des élèves qui le préparent. Celle-ci se renforce de la concurrence de l’apprentissage en alternance qui déstabilise l’identité du LP tout en favorisant la construction de nouvelles compétences chez les enseignants dès lors qu’ils interviennent auprès de publics préparant un diplôme selon des modalités différentes. Enfin, la contribution du LP à l’élévation des niveaux de qualification cohabite avec le maintien d’un taux d’absentéisme et de ruptures scolaires élevé.
Le choix d’une éducation rentable : le système des coûts partagés en Chine. Une décision incontournable ?
Authors: Tang Jialu 
Published: May 2017

La mise en place de frais d’inscription est une politique appliquée dans l’enseignement supérieur du monde occidental. Inspirée de la théorie du capital humain, cette politique s’appuie sur la notion de coûts partagés de Johnstone. Le principe étant que “celui qui bénéficie paie”, l’étudiant que l’éducation amène à la rentabilité doit contribuer de ses propres deniers. Ce système des coûts partagés conduit en Chine, en 1999, à l’instauration de frais d’inscription. Comment l’expliquer entre le choix de calquer le modèle occidental ou l’attitude pragmatique d’un gouvernement qui veut réaliser la massification ? L’auteur revient sur l’histoire de l’éducation chinoise pour analyser les motivations initiales de la politique des frais d’inscription, décrire l’implantation du marché dans l’enseignement supérieur et montrer que la mise en place des coûts partagés, inspirée des modèles occidentaux, est une option dont le gouvernement chinois n’aurait pas pu se passer.
Observer la fabrique de la ville à Bruxelles : un détour par la participation
Authors: Damay Ludivine , Delmotte Florence 
Published: May 2017

Cet article propose un retour réflexif sur quatre expériences d’observation de dispositifs participatifs en matière de développement urbain à Bruxelles. Les auteures s’interrogent sur les relations entre les chercheurs impliqués dans ces expériences et les autres acteurs, notamment associatifs. En s’appuyant sur certains concepts de la sociologie de Norbert Elias, il s’agit de réfléchir aux configurations mouvantes que forment les acteurs dans le contexte bruxellois et à la dialectique entre l’engagement et la distanciation des chercheurs que dessinent ces expériences. Du côté des chercheurs, le « détour par l’engagement », ou par la participation, contribuerait à mieux comprendre le point de vue des autres acteurs. En partant du terrain, le texte s’interroge au final sur les différentes modalités de l’engagement du chercheur et tente de réfléchir à son impact sur la recherche et sur le dispositif participatif.
Le trente-troisième anniversaire de la santé environnementale
Authors: Cicolella André 
Published: May 2017

Pour penser 2050, il faut saisir les mouvements de fond survenus au cours des dernières décennies, qui peuvent se résumer dans une expression : la transition épidémiologique, c’est-à-dire la diminution du poids des maladies transmissibles et l’augmentation du poids des maladies non transmissibles (rapport 12/88 à l’horizon 2030). En France, l’incidence des grandes maladies chroniques (maladies cardiovasculaires, cancer, diabète, affections psychiatriques) a progressé de 1994 à 2014 de façon beaucoup plus rapide que l’évolution de la population (de 3 à 6 fois plus). Le vieillissement ne peut donc à lui seul expliquer cette progression. Les causes sont à chercher dans les changements environnementaux survenus au cours des dernières décennies. La définition de l’OMS (« La santé est un état de bien-être et pas seulement l’absence de maladie ») devrait donc être complétée par une dimension écosystémique : la santé est la traduction de la qualité de la relation de l’être humain à son écosystème.
Noncontact Quantification of Topography of Anterior Corneal Surface and Bowman's Layer With High-Speed OCT
Authors: Matalia Himanshu , Francis Mathew , Gangil Tarun , Chandapura Rachana S. , Kurian Mathew , Shetty Rohit , Nelson Everette Jacob Remington , Roy Abhijit Sinha 
Published: May 2017

PURPOSE:
To quantify keratometry and wavefront aberration of the anterior corneal surface and epithelium–Bowman's layer interface using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT).

METHODS:

Twenty-five normal eyes and 25 eyes with keratoconus were retrospectively analyzed. The anterior corneal edge and epithelium–Bowman's layer interface were segmented from 12 distortion-corrected OCT B-scans. Axial tangential curvatures and wavefront aberration were calculated by ray tracing and 6th order Zernike analyses. All eyes underwent simultaneous imaging with Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). The Pentacam elevation data were used for aberration analyses using the same ray-tracing method. The paired
t
test was used to compare the variables.

RESULTS:

In normal eyes, mean steep axis and maximum keratometry of OCT of the anterior corneal surface and epithelium–Bowman's layer interface were significantly greater than the same of the Pentacam anterior corneal surface (
P
< .05). Mean root mean square of higher order aberrations of the OCT surfaces was greater than the same of the Pentacam surface by a factor of 4. In eyes with keratoconus, mean steep axis and maximum keratometry of the OCT epithelium–Bowman's layer interface was the greatest (
P
< .05). Mean root mean square of the higher order aberrations and vertical coma of the OCT epithelium–Bowman's layer interface was the greatest (
P
< .05). In general, the aberrations of the OCT epithelium–Bowman's layer interface were significantly greater than those of the Pentacam anterior corneal surface.

CONCLUSIONS:
A noncontact method to quantify the topography and aberrations of corneal surfaces with OCT was presented. OCT measurements yielded greater curvature and aberrations than Pentacam in both normal and keratoconic eyes.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(5):330–336.]
Defects Around a Spherical Particle in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Tong Yu , Wang Yiwei , Zhang Pingwen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe investigate the defect structures around a spherical colloidal particle in a cholesteric liquid crystal using spectral method, which is specially devised to cope with the inhomogeneity of the cholesteric at infinity. We pay particular attention to the cholesteric counterparts of nematic metastable configurations. When the spherical colloidal particle imposes strong homeotropic anchoring on its surface, besides the well-known twisted Saturn ring, we find another metastable defect configuration, which corresponds to the dipole in a nematic, without outside confinement. This configuration is energetically preferable to the twisted Saturn ring when the particle size is large compared to the nematic coherence length and small compared to the cholesteric pitch. When the colloidal particle imposes strong planar anchoring, we find the cholesteric twist can result in a split of the defect core on the particle surface similar to that found in a nematic liquid crystal by lowering temperature or increasing particle size.
Linear Stability of Hyperbolic Moment Models for Boltzmann Equation
Authors: Di Yana , Fan Yuwei , Li Ruo , Zheng Lingchao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGrad's moment models for Boltzmann equation were recently regularized to globally hyperbolic systems and thus the regularized models attain local well-posedness for Cauchy data. The hyperbolic regularization is only related to the convection term in Boltzmann equation. We in this paper studied the regularized models with the presentation of collision terms. It is proved that the regularized models are linearly stable at the local equilibrium and satisfy Yong's first stability condition with commonly used approximate collision terms, and particularly with Boltzmann's binary collision model.
Multidimensional Iterative Filtering Method for the Decomposition of High–Dimensional Non–Stationary Signals
Authors: Cicone Antonio , Zhou Haomin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIterative Filtering (IF) is an alternative technique to the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) algorithm for the decomposition of non–stationary and non–linear signals. Recently in [3] IF has been proved to be convergent for anyL2signal and its stability has been also demonstrated through examples. Furthermore in [3] the so called Fokker–Planck (FP) filters have been introduced. They are smooth at every point and have compact supports. Based on those results, in this paper we introduce the Multidimensional Iterative Filtering (MIF) technique for the decomposition and time–frequency analysis of non–stationary high–dimensional signals. We present the extension of FP filters to higher dimensions. We prove convergence results under general sufficient conditions on the filter shape. Finally we illustrate the promising performance of MIF algorithm, equipped with high–dimensional FP filters, when applied to the decomposition of two dimensional signals.
Evaluation of the Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) for Student Teacher Approaches to Learning
Authors: Martinelli Victor , Raykov Milosh 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
A deep approach to learning is essential for student academic achievement and several studies demonstrate a significant association between such an approach to learning and student academic performance. However, findings from some empirical studies in this domain are inconsistent and the main objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of application of the Biggs (2001) Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) for the diagnosis and monitoring of teacherstudent approaches to learning. Also, the aim of this study was to examine the association of the different approaches to learning with student reading habits and literacy skills. The sample included 202 undergraduate teacher education students. The study found that both, male and female students at the year of study have similar deep and surface approaches to learning. This initial evaluation of the R-SPQ-2F indicates that the questionnaire has acceptable internal consistency and is a promising short instrument for the diagnosis of student teachers′ deep and surface approaches to learning. Results are discussed with reference to a procedure that combines qualitative and quantitative data to increase the diagnostic validity of student learning approaches. Based on the findings of this study, it seems that the R-SPQ-2F scale can be used as a reliable instrument that can help educators diagnose and encourage the development of student teacher approaches to learning, that is a significant contributing factor to their academic performance and teaching practice.
Toward Virtual Business
Authors: Bejleri Emirjeta , Fishta Atrida 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The Internet has provided traditional retailers a new mean with which to serve customers and today there are two main trends of organizations which flow concurrently. On one hand there is the Traditional Organization, established in between 20th century and on the other is Modern Organization emerged in this ongoing century. Many traditional organizations “bricks-andmortar” have transformed to modern organizations “clicks-and-mortar” by incorporating Internet sales. There are huge differences between these two types. On the other hand the appearance of virtual firms raises the question of what kind of changes they have brought to the analysis of a particular industry and in the choice of a strategy for those particular firms and other firms that have to compete with them. The aim of this paper is to explain shortly through a literature review what the brickand- mortar, click-and-mortar and virtual organizations mean and analyzing with three specific examples how does it changes between them the organization structure, the definition of core functions and the degree of outsourcing, use of power and types of bargaining in dealing with suppliers and customers, and key management functions. In the future we believe that this paper will serve as a base for future research in the area.
The Impact of the SME Financing by MFIs in Albania
Authors: Delija Alma 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In this research are presented research results from the data collected and studied through direct interviews with farmers and SMEs in Albania. This study aims to analyze the importance of SME financing by MFIs and identify the role of microfinance in their growth and development. Aim remains the determination of the bonding strength and influence of every one of the critical factors to take into analysis. To measure the impact of microcredit critical factors in order to improve the performance of MFIs. These results are generated through an empirical analysis of IMFs in Albania and broke the are-consistent with the theory.
EVALUATION OF GLUCURONIDE AND FREE FORMS OF Δ9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL LEVELS IN URINE BY MEANS OF ULTRA-HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY – TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Chulovskaya Anna L. , Dikunets Marina A. 
Published: May 2017

Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is a lipophilic compound. It is shown that Δ9-THC in human is almost completely metabolized to 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-carboxylic acid (Δ9-THC-COOH) that further is metabolized to Δ9-THC-COOH-glucuronide. Δ9-THC-COOH and Δ9-THC-COOH-glucuronide could be reliable markers of Δ9-THC abuse. Target compounds were extracted from urine by liquid-liquid extraction. Transformation of Δ9-THC-COOH-glucuronide to Δ9-THC-COOH was performed by enzymatic hydrolysis using β-glucuronidase from E. Coli. The urine was directly analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) with electrospray ionization using selected reaction monitoring. During method development the optimal sample preparation conditions are suggested and mass-spectrometric parameters of deprotonated Δ9-THC-COOH (m/z 343) molecules detection are shown. Collision energy (CE) and exact S-lens amplitude were determined. It was revealed that registration of negative charges ions at the determination of Δ9-THC-COOH is preferred. Transitions which could increase sensitivity and selectivity of Δ9-THC-COOH determination were selected. It was determined that the transition with m/z 343 → 245 (CE-30 eV) had the largest intensity and minimum interferences with matrix components. Furthermore, concentrations and percentage of both glucuronide and free fractions of Δ9-THC-COOH were calculated. Increasing level of cannabinoids in human organism results in non-proportional changes of Δ9-THC-COOH-glucuronide and free-form concentrations. Thus, when total level of cannabinoids reaches more than 100 ng/ml severe enhancement of free-form is inspected. Forcitation:Chulovskaya А.L., Dikunets М.А. Evaluation of glucuronide and free forms of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol levels in urine by means of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 4. P. 95-99.
Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using Aqueous Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Extract, and Its Interaction Study with Melamine
Authors: Yulizar Yoki , Ariyanta Harits Atika , Abduracman Lingga 
Published: May 2017

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been successfully prepared by green synthesis method using aqueous extract of garlic with the Latin name of Allium sativum L. (ASL) as a reducing and stabilizing agents. Identification of active compounds in aqueous ASL extract was conducted by phytochemical analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, while the synthesized AuNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscopy-selected area electron diffraction (TEM-SAED). The AuNPs formation was optimized at aqueous ASL extract concentration of 0.05%, HAuCl4 concentration of 2.0×10-4 M, and pH of 3.6. The optimized AuNPs was characterized using TEM, and has a spherical shape with particle size of 15±3 nm. The particles were also stable up until one month. The synthesized AuNPs has been studied its interaction with melamine, and showed the optimum pH of interaction at 3.6.
Oxidation Kinetics of Propane-Air Mixture over NiCo2O4 Catalyst Emitted from LPG Vehicles
Authors: Trivedi Suverna , Prasad Ram , Chadha S. 
Published: May 2017

This paper describes the kinetics of catalytic air oxidation of propane. The kinetics data were collected in a plug flow tubular reactor. The experiments were performed over the NiCo2O4 catalyst prepared by co-precipitation method followed by calcination at 400 oC. The kinetic data were collected under the following conditions: 200 mg of catalyst, 2.5 % of propane in air, total flow rate of 60 mL/min, and temperature ranges of 130-170 oC. The data were fitted to the power law rate equation. The activation energy and frequency factor were found to be 59.3 kJ/g mol and 2.9×108 (mol)0.47.L0.53/g cat.h, respectively.
Kinetics of Oxidative Depolymerization of κ-carrageenan by Ozone
Authors: Prasetyaningrum Aji , Ratnawati Ratnawati , Jos Bakti 
Published: May 2017

Depolymerization kinetics of κ-carrageenan by ozone treatment has been studied at various pHs and times. The purified κ-carrageenan with the initial molecular weight of 271 kDa was dispersed in water to form (1 % w/v) solution. Ozone with 80±2 ppm concentration and constant flow rate of 3 L.min-1 was bubbled into the κ-carrageenan solution. The experiments were conducted at pH of 3, 7, and 10 at different times (5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes) of ozonation. The viscosity of the solution was measured using Ubbelohde capillary viscometer, which was then used to find the number-average molecular weight by Mark-Houwink equation. The number-average molecular weight data was treated using zero, first, and the second-order reaction kinetics model, to obtain the kinetics of κ-carrageenan depolymerization. The depolymerization is assumed to occur by random scission. The results show that the kinetics rate constant of κ-carrageenan depolymerization is higher at lower pHs. The second-order model is more suitable for describing the kinetics of depolymerization of κ-carrageenan by ozonation process. The rate constants for the second-order kinetics model are 5.45×10-4 min-1, 1.27×10-4 min-1, and 7.21×10-5 min-1 for pH 3, 7, and 10, respectively. The actual values of reaction order under acid and alkali conditions are ranging from 1.88 to 1.90.
The impact of changing wind speeds on gas transfer and its effect on global air‐sea CO2 fluxes
Authors: Wanninkhof R. , Triñanes J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn increase in global wind speeds over time is affecting the global uptake of CO2 by the ocean. We determine the impact of changing winds on gas transfer and CO2 uptake by using the recently updated, global high‐resolution, cross‐calibrated multiplatform wind product (CCMP‐V2) and a fixed monthly pCO2 climatology. In particular, we assess global changes in the context of regional wind speed changes that are attributed to large‐scale climate reorganizations. The impact of wind on global CO2 gas fluxes as determined by the bulk formula is dependent on several factors, including the functionality of the gas exchange‐wind speed relationship and the regional and seasonal differences in the air‐water partial pressure of CO2 gradient (ΔpCO2). The latter also controls the direction of the flux. Fluxes out of the ocean are influenced more by changes in the low‐to‐intermediate wind speed range, while ingassing is impacted more by changes in higher winds because of the regional correlations between wind and ΔpCO2. Gas exchange‐wind speed parameterizations with a quadratic and third‐order polynomial dependency on wind, each of which meets global constraints, are compared. The changes in air‐sea CO2 fluxes resulting from wind speed trends are greatest in the equatorial Pacific and cause a 0.03–0.04 Pg C decade−1 increase in outgassing over the 27 year time span. This leads to a small overall decrease of 0.00 to 0.02 Pg C decade−1 in global net CO2 uptake, contrary to expectations that increasing winds increase net CO2 uptake.
Influence of dry‐season vegetation variability on Sahelian dust during 2002–2015
Authors: Kergoat L. , Guichard F. , Pierre C. , Vassal C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe drivers of dust emission interannual variability in North Africa, the largest dust source on Earth, are still debated. Early studies outlined the role of previous‐season rainfall and vegetation growth, while some recent studies emphasize the role of wind variability. Here we use a newly developed estimation of dry‐season nonphotosynthetic vegetation cover in the Sahel based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) short‐wave infrared bands over the 2002–2015 period. The vegetation growth anomalies caused by variability of rainfall in June–September translate to anomalies of dry vegetation cover that persist throughout the dry season until May. These vegetation anomalies explain 43% (50%) of the year‐to‐year variance in Sahelian‐mean dry‐season aerosol optical depth (AOD) as derived from MODIS Deep Blue (Sun photometers). Similar explained variance is found with 10 m wind speed and dust uplift potential. The central Sahel proves more important than the western Sahel for dry‐season AOD variability.