bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
105 Physical activity in relation to WHO guidelines, among Swedish adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. A repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Samaratunga Bodhini , Kerstis Birgitta , Lindberg Daniel , Elvén Maria , Hellström Charlotta , Stier Jonas , Lehtinen-Jacks Susanna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Assess changes in health-promoting physical activity (HPPA), according to the WHO guidelines, among Swedish adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. HPPA has been ignored as an outcome in the physical activity (PA) studies during the pandemic.

Methods
A population-based repeated cross-sectional study was conducted among 18-79-year-old Swedes (n = 1035 in December 2020 [response rate 52%], n = 1095 in January 2022 [55%], n = 1027 in December 2022 [55%]). Data was collected via online questionnaires, including sex, age, civil status, education, employment, and country of birth. PA was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). In 2020, recall questions about PA one year earlier were included. The WHO guidelines for moderate, vigorous, or combined HPPA were applied, and the proportions of respondents completing the guidelines for these three HPPA categories were calculated.
Differences in proportions of moderate, vigorous, and combined HPPA across the survey timepoints were tested by chi-square tests, and by McNemar tests concerning differences between the recall in 2019 and December 2020. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed for women and men to assess whether the survey timepoints or the sociodemographic variables were independently associated with HPPA. Interaction terms between each sociodemographic factor and survey timepoint were added to the models to assess differences in changes in HPPA in different sociodemographic subgroups.

Results
While the proportions of moderate, vigorous, and combined HPPA decreased substantially from 2019 (recall) to 2020 in both sexes, the changes seen between 2020 and 2022 were statistically non-significant. No significant interactions between sociodemographic factors and survey timepoint were observed, and survey timepoint was not associated with HPPA in the logistic regression models. Factors most consistently associated with the different HPPA categories were education in women and employment in men. In women, compulsory and/or high school indicated less HPPA than university education. Among men, white-collar and/or retired had less HPPA than the blue-collar employment category.

Conclusions
No clear changes in HPPA were observed between December 2020 and December 2022. Differences in HPPA according to education and employment indicate need for research on targeted PA promotion measures.

Support
Mälardalen University, Sweden.
228 Physical literacy and inclusion within the context of disability and impairment: A multiple case study approach
Authors: Pushkarenko Kyle , Crane Jeffrey , Cowan Jennifer 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Purpose
Physical literacy (PL) holds significant importance in various organizational agendas, being prioritized as a core programming priority under the premise of inclusivity irrespective of ability. However, there is a notable gap in understanding PL within the context of disability and impairment, as application of PL often occurs through a lens of normativity and standardization by those who do not experience disability. This study aims to establish an evidence-based, context-specific and foundational understanding of PL and its inclusivity of all individuals regardless of ability level, that can be utilized to inform, guide, and support current and future programs.

Methods
Employing the communities of practice theoretical model, a multiple case study design was utilized to delve into three purposefully selected cases rich in PL and inclusive practices. Data was collected through face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with stakeholders including participants, parents, practitioners, supervisors, and administrators. Supplemental data sources included direct observations, exploration of program documents, site photographs, and reflexive engagement. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted to uncover stakeholder perspectives, providing context-specific insights into PL as an inclusive concept.

Findings
Three overarching themes emerged, elucidating the foundations of PL as an inclusive concept: environmental considerations, operating with intention, and ethical and informed practice. These themes intersect with one another to foster opportunities for PL development across age and ability spectrums.

Conclusions
The findings offer evidence-based insights into PL and inclusion practices, offering a framework to move beyond normative and standardized notions of PL development.

Support/Funding Source
Government of Canada Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Partnership Engage Grant (File No. 892-2021-1009).
60 Sustainable impact of an outdoor exercise program on health outcomes of older adults: a quasi-randomized controlled trial with a 3-month follow-up
Authors: Zwingmann Katharina , Schlesinger Torsten , Müller Katrin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Older people benefit in several health-promoting outcomes from needs-oriented exercise programs in their immediate living environment. For a low-threshold, and thus sustainable and cost-effective design of exercise programs a transfer to self-organisation is favourable. The aim of our study is to examine the health-promoting impacts of an outdoor exercise program developed for older persons, as well as its sustainability after 3 months.
Ninety-five persons aged 60+ were randomized according to their residence (IG: n = 40, mean age = 72.35 years, 24 female; KG: n = 55, mean age = 75.05 years, 34 female). An age-adjusted exercise program was carried out over 12 weeks (2x/week á 45-60min; adherence: 90.9%) by professional exercise instructors in urban parks. During this instructor-led exercise phase, seven participants were trained as mentors, and thus, enabled to continue the exercise program for further 12 weeks (1-2x/week á 45-60min; adherence: 2-3x/month = 11.5%, 1-2x/week = 88.5%). Before (T1) and after the instructor-led exercise phase (T2) as well as after the mentor-led exercise phase (T3), health outcomes (e.g., walking distance/6MWT, neurocognitive performance/DSST) of IG and CG (no intervention) were assessed and analysed using paired t-Tests.
75.1% of IG participants completed both phases of the exercise program. Neurocognitive performance improved significantly for IG between T1 and T2 (+2.32 correct number-symbol matches; p = .003; d = -.509) and remained stable between T2 and T3 (+0.15 correct matches; p = .863; d = -.028) while for CG the opposite development was observed (T1-T2: -0.6 correct matches; p = .451; d = .102; T2-T3: +2.18 correct matches; p = .004; d = -.423). IG improved their walking distance for T1-T2 by 21.39m (p = .172; d = -.223), which could be maintained for T2-T3 (+5,1m; p = .648; d = -.074). Improvements in CG for walking distance were smaller (T1-T2: +2.8m; p = .690; d = -.055; T2-T3: +14.26m, p = .315; d = -.147).
The mentoring of the exercise groups proved to be very successful, as evidenced by the maintained effects in the mentor-led phase, ensuring sustainability of health-promoting interventions.
(Funded by the Free State of Saxony, “Demographics” #100535625)
91 The use of process evaluations in physical activity interventions for older adults: a systematic review
Authors: Adams Michael , Hardeman Wendy , Murphy Marie , Simpson Liz , Tully Mark 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and purpose
Development of effective physical activity interventions for older adults is important in eliciting positive health and well-being outcomes. Process evaluations of interventions are important in understanding implementation, mechanisms of impact and contextual factors that may influence these outcomes. However, it is unclear whether process evaluation frameworks are rigourously applied to physical activity interventions with older adults, particularly in relation to Medical Research Council (MRC) process evaluation guidance. This study aimed to systematically review the application and reporting of process evaluations of physical activity interventions for older adults against MRC process evaluation guidance.

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, OpenGrey, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Database (PQDT) databases were searched. Process evaluation studies of physical activity interventions for older adults which measured at least two key MRC domains of implementation, mechanisms of impact and context were included. Two authors completed independent screening of title, abstract and full-text articles. A bespoke coding frame was developed to map and extract methods and findings on to key MRC process evaluation domains. Given the qualitative nature of the data, a narrative synthesis approach was undertaken.

Results
17,002 studies were identified in the search, of which 27 were included. After mapping the methods of included studies against key domains of the coding framework; 21 assessed implementation, 27 assessed mechanisms of impact and 12 assessed context. 16 interventions reported the use of a process evaluation framework, 15 cited the use of a theoretical behavioural model and 7 reported the application of a logic model in intervention design. There were substantial differences in both the extent and quality of process evaluation methods. Such disparities were shaped in part by variations in the application of theoretical models and frameworks.

Conclusions
When mapping the included studies against MRC process evaluation guidelines, this review presented inconsistencies in how process evaluations have been reported and findings suggest a lack of methodological rigour. Findings highlight the need to extend the scope and quality of process evaluations of physical activity interventions for older adults.
46 Understanding the wants and needs of adults with cerebral palsy who use wheelchairs to participate in community-based physical activity – a qualitative study
Authors: Czencz James , Wallen Margaret , Shields Nora , Imms Christine , Wilson Peter H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study explored the perspectives of adults with CP who use wheelchairs and their support providers regarding physical activity, specifically what they wanted to do and what they needed to participate.

Method
A qualitative study using interpretive description was conducted from a convenience sample of seven adults with CP (5 female, mean age 17.7 years) and five support persons (5 female) who participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were conducted using videoconferencing software and were recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed using qualitative data analysis software. Transcripts were checked by the research team. The research team conducted an inductive thematic analysis to identify themes. Consumer partners provided feedback on the project, including interpretation of the themes to ensure relevance to the intended population.

Results
Analysis identified that adults who use wheelchairs strongly desire to engage in physical activity in their community but need inclusive options tailored to their specific needs. Six themes were identified: 1) appreciating diversity among wheelchair users - by recognising individuality, advocating for inclusive activities, and recognising the individual beyond their disability; 2) self-determination and control - emphasising that adults with CP using wheelchairs seek autonomy in their choices and decision-making; 3) flexibility and creativity in adapting activities - participants seek customised, flexible physical activities; 4) accessibility, both physical and social - emphasising the important role of accessible environments, including physical structures and social attitudes, staff training, and knowledge. 5) the crucial role of support providers who hold positions of trust and recognise their recommendations or concerns play an important role in determining the types of activities that adults engage in; and 6) appropriately challenging activities that maximise involvement – ensuring activity and ability are matched carefully, leading to feelings of satisfaction and pride.

Conclusion
Findings highlight the importance of implementing individualised and inclusive approaches to promote physical activity participation among adults with CP who use wheelchairs. To improve participation in physical activity, it is important to not only enhance physical accessibility but also make accommodations that support active involvement by focusing on attitudes, staff training, and listening to the voices of adults with CP.
157 ’Finding Our Tribe’: Parental Experiences Navigating Sport and Physical Activity Opportunities for Neurodivergent Children and Young People
Authors: Byrd Erin , Carlin Angela , Fitzpatrick Ben , Hemmings Laura 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Neurodivergent children and young people (CYP) experience higher risk of poor physical and mental health. Many community programmes have been designed to provide young people with a physical activity (PA) outlet to improve health and wellness, however, neurodivergent CYP and their families continue to face stigmatising attitudes and exclusion when trying to access these opportunities. This study aimed to explore the experience of parents and caregivers of neurodivergent CYP, in the United Kingdom (UK), in finding, accessing, and engaging with inclusive community sport and physical activity opportunities and resources for their children.

Methods
An online qualitative survey explored the experience of parents and caregivers of neurodivergent CYP in the UK in finding and accessing community sport and PA opportunities. One-hundred and twelve parents and caregivers completed the survey from across all 4 devolved nations in the UK. Recruitment of participants occurred through collaboration with parent and advocacy groups for neurodivergent populations, charities providing services to these populations across the UK, as well as through social media platforms. Data collected was interpreted using inductive-thematic analysis, allowing for emergent themes to be identified using a constructivist framework.

Results
Qualitative data revealed an overarching theme: the ‘Constant Struggle’ parents of neurodivergent CYP face in trying to find, access, and support their children to participate in sport and physical activities. Four main themes emerged under this overarching theme including: 1) An awareness of inequity in the sport and physical opportunities available, 2) A need for flexibility and adaptability, 3) The importance of the coach, and 4) Empowering the parent through inclusion and support.

Conclusion
Parents and caregivers of neurodivergent CYP express the desire for more equitable provision and delivery of community sport and PA opportunities. It is recognised that there are currently challenges in identifying and accessing appropriate opportunities, however, solutions are offered that will support parents to feel more empowered to engage with sport and PA opportunities.

Support/Funding Source
Supported by Ulster University and the University of Birmingham.
89 Associations of active commuting and leisure-time physical activity with mental health symptoms among Finnish adults: a population-based study
Authors: Appelqvist-Schmidlechner Kaija , Ervasti Jenni , Halonen Jaana I , Jussila Juuso J , Lahti Jouni , Lanki Timo , Mikkonen Santtu , Pulakka Anna , Salo Paula 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Active commuting, that is, walking or cycling to work, can improve physical health. Yet, few studies have explored whether it could also enhance mental health. We examined cross-sectional associations of active commuting and, for comparison, leisure-time physical activity with depressive symptoms and psychological distress among Finnish adults.

Methods
We included 3439 adults (mean age 45.0 years; 51% women) from the FinHealth 2017 Study. Based on their commuting and leisure-time physical activity behaviour, participants were categorised as active or passive commuters and as sedentary, recreationally active, or exercisers and athletes. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for major sociodemographic, health behaviour, and physical activity variables.

Results
Active commuting, as a binary variable, was not associated with mental health outcomes compared to passive commuting. However, in dose-response analyses, high volumes of active commuting (≥ 30 minutes a day) were associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.18-2.13). Regarding leisure-time physical activity, recreationally active adults had lower odds of depressive symptoms (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.44-0.73) and psychological distress (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.32-0.68) compared to sedentary individuals. Similarly, exercisers and athletes had lower odds of depressive symptoms (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.32-0.61) and lower odds of psychological distress (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.21-0.55).

Conclusions
We found leisure-time physical activity, but not active commuting, to be associated with lower odds of mental health symptoms. More research on commuting behaviour is needed to understand the complex relationship between active commuting and mental health.
154 Avoidance of Physical Activity Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): An Observational Study
Authors: Andelius Dea Kejlberg , Løkke Anders , Jacobsen Julie Sandell , Nielsen Rasmus Østergaard 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
While physical activity is recognized as an essential component in COPD treatment, patients with COPD often exhibit lower levels of physical activity compared with their lung-healthy peers. The primary objective of our study was to describe the proportion of patients with COPD who report avoidance behavior related to physical activity.

Methods
A questionnaire-based, observational study was conducted among patients with COPD, scheduled to attend a pulmonary rehabilitation program. Participants completed the COPD Anxiety Questionnaire (CAF-R) and functional tests were conducted prior to participation of the rehabilitation program.

Results
We included 48 participants (24 males, mean: age 70±7.8 years, body mass index 25±5.0, MRC dyspnoea scale 2.5±0.9, One-Minute-Sit-To-Stand-Test 19 ±6.0 repetitions). Findings revealed that 60% (95% CI [46%-0,74%]) reported avoidance of physical exertion, 44% (95% CI [24%-52%]) avoid activities causing breathlessness, and 35% (95% CI [22%-48%]) try avoid any form of physical activity.

Conclusions
Our findings show that a large proportion of patients with COPD exhibit avoidance behavior concerning physical activity. While the underlying reasons are likely multifaceted, apprehension towards breathlessness emerges as a potential contributing factor. The results underscore the importance of investigating avoidance behavior in people with COPD to better understand how to promote physical activity within this population. Future interventions designed to increase physical activity in patients with COPD should include identification of the extent of avoidance behavior and implementation of strategies to manage the behavior, such as exposing individuals to physical activity within a secure environment.

Support/funding
This study received financial support from the Karen Elise Jensen Foundation and the Eva Merethe Falck Crones Foundation.
38 Combining healthcare and fitness through physical co-location: is that alone enough to get people physically active?
Authors: Grinvalds Natalie , Copeland Robert J , Shearn Katie , Humphreys Helen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The primary purpose of this research was to explain how co-location of healthcare (community or secondary healthcare clinics) with fitness centres (gyms, leisure centres) works (or does not work) to promote and facilitate access to physical activity opportunities and physical activity behaviour. As part of 2012 London Olympic Legacy and National Centre for Sport & Exercise Medicine, National Health Service (NHS) clinics were co-located with leisure centres. Aims of this initiative were to promote PA as prevention and treatment through routine healthcare, increase awareness, normalise PA, and bring healthcare out of hospitals and into the community. Despite numerous calls for co-location of healthcare in alternative settings, little empirical evidence exists to show how fitness centres work as an appropriate environment.
This work is innovative topically as it is the first study (at time of publication) to research co-location of healthcare and fitness in UK and methodologically novel for the use of realist review and evaluation to develop a set of theories to explain co-location.
As part of a two-phase realist evaluation, phase 2 of this research resulted in theories and evidence to show how, why, for whom and under what circumstances co-location works (or not). Theories developed in Phase 1 were ‘tested’ through interviews with ten healthcare professionals and ten patients in four clinical services (including diabetes, pain management, musculoskeletal physiotherapy, podiatry) in co-located sites.
Five refined programme theories were developed suggesting that co-location works for people living with LTCs who are motivated to be active but need support. Co-location of health and fitness works for healthcare professionals (HCPs) who are active, knowledgeable, make time to discuss PA with patients. Co-location creates a salutogenic environment which enables patients and HCPs to become active. Enabling contexts include aligned business models, shared clinical and PA scheduling and teamwork between HCPs and exercise professionals. Logistical challenges and individual motivations are barriers to co-location working to promote PA.
Co-location of healthcare and fitness, with optimal implementation, can result in promotion of PA through healthcare, enabling people become physically active and reduce the burden of LTCs on society.
Ukactive and a SHU Vice Chancellor’s scholarship