bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Techniques of visual knowledge construction in the Practices of Analog Videotape Digitization
Authors: Lischer‐Katz Zack 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThis presentation describes findings from qualitative‐interpretive research conducted on media preservationists carrying out small‐scale digitization projects involving the digital reformatting of analog videotape. Eight preservationists working in media preservation labs were interviewed and observed carrying out digitization projects in their work sites. Adopting a social constructionist perspective and employing concepts from Reiner Keller's sociology of knowledge approach to discourse (SKAD), the research data were analyzed to gain insight into processes of knowledge construction. The object of knowledge found to be central to participants' practices of knowledge construction was the invisible video signal, a continuously varying electrical signal that necessitates techniques and technologies of visualization and observation. This research identified six epistemic techniques, arrays of sensory‐cognitive micropractices that participants enact in order to construct knowledge about, act upon the video signal and produce legitimate digital copies of analog originals: applying calibrated vision; patterned looking; matching and comparing visual representations of signals; historicizing the tape; investigating the nature of errors; and constructing copies. This research offers new understanding of visual knowledge construction in workplace contexts and emphasizes the importance of studying the interpretive aspects of digitization practices.
Machine learning for name type classification in library metadata
Authors: Phillips Mark Edward , Chen Jiangping 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThis poster reports on the effectiveness of machine learning approaches to classify common names in library metadata records using the Library of Congress Name Authority File. Features extracted from this dataset were used to train and evaluate classification algorithms including decision tree, naïve Bayes, random forest and support vector machine implemented in Weka, an open‐source machine learning platform. The best performing classifiers were also tested on a collection of 30,000 names extracted from the UNT Digital Library This poster presents the feature sets, their testing results and the information gains of extracted features. The study demonstrated that machine learning could effectively classify names as persons or corporations.
Decision‐making in libraries: E‐book product selection practices in U.S. academic libraries
Authors: Zhang Mei 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThis research studies the e‐book product selection practices in academic libraries by conducting one‐on‐one interviews of 20 selection librarians from 19 different institutions. Findings show that price and content are the two prevalent selection criteria used by my participants, and the factors affecting librarians' identification of selection criteria can be categorized as internal factors and external factors. I then examine the processes librarians use to select e‐book products and find several steps that are commonly used by my participants. Further, I discuss the strategies libraries and e‐book providers use to obtain powers over each other in the current e‐book market.
Proteomics and Protein Adsorption on Hemodialysis Membranes
Authors: Bonomini Mario 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAdsorption of plasma proteins onto the membrane surface during the hemodialysis session represents a key feature of membranes used for chronic dialysis therapy. In this issue of Proteomics—Clinical Applications, Han et al. originally describe how, by using proteomic technologies, the adsorptive properties of two membranes made from the same biomaterial (Polyamix) may have different flux characteristics (low flux and high flux, the former having smaller pore size). A total of 497 differentially expressed proteins were identified in eluates obtained after in vivo hemodialysis: 320 proteins concentrated more in low‐flux membrane (predominantly proteins with molecular weight 30–60 kDa) and 177 in high flux (most represented by proteins with molecular weight 10–15 kDa). Use of bioinformatics tools shed light on the involvement of adsorbed proteins in important biological pathways, such as the coagulation cascade and the complement system, again with some differences between the two membranes. The study indicates that flux characteristics of a biomaterial used for hemodialysis membrane strongly influence its adsorptive properties, and that proteomic application may provide information relevant to renal replacement therapy.
Synthesis, biological evaluation and SAR analysis of novel poly‐heterocyclic compounds containing pyridylpyrazole group
Authors: Wang Bao‐Lei , Zhu Hong‐Wei , Li Zheng‐Ming , Wang Li‐Zhong , Zhang Xiao , Xiong Li‐Xia , Song Hai‐Bin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years, pyridylpyrazole derivatives, such as pyridylpyrazole‐containing anthranilic diamide have attracted much attention by virtue of their useful insecticidal properties and unique action mode. Moreover, some pyridylpyrazole‐containing compounds have also been found to possess significant fungicidal activities. With the aim of discovering new bioactive agrochemicals for crop protection, a series of poly‐heterocyclic compounds containing pyridylpyrazole and aziridine, or β‐lactam, or thiazolinone moieties were synthesized.RESULTSA series of pyridylpyrazole‐containing poly‐heterocyclic compounds were obtained, and confirmed through IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS and elemental analysis. The crystalline structure of 4‐(3‐bromo‐1‐(3‐chloropyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐yl)‐3‐chloro‐1‐mesitylazetidin‐2‐one (compound 13f) was determined to further illustrate a trans‐ configuration of the β‐lactam motif. In addition, bioassays showed that most of these new compounds exhibited modest insecticidal activity towards Mythimna separate Walker at 200 µg mL−1. Some of the compounds displayed excellent fungicidal activity towards some plant fungi, including Cercospora arachidicola (13j: EC50 = 14.5 µg mL−1), Physalospora piricola (12d and 13d: EC50 = 10.5 and 9.70 µg mL−1), Alternaria solani Sorauer (13j: EC50 = 7.29 µg mL−1), Puccinia sorghi Schw. (13d: control efficacy 99.0 ± 2.1% at 200 µg mL−1) and Erysiphe graminis (14d: control efficacy 95.0 ± 1.4% at 200 µg mL−1).CONCLUSIONCompounds 12b–12e, 13a, 13d, 13f, 13j, 13 k and 14d could be considered potential fungicidal lead compounds to do further structural optimization. The structure–activity relationship analysis in this study brings some new understanding to the biological activities of N‐pyridylpyrazole‐containing compounds, and provides important information for the research and development of novel agricultural fungicides with poly‐heterocyclic structures. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Voltage‐sensitive sodium channel mutations S989P + V1016G in Aedes aegypti confer variable resistance to pyrethroids, DDT and oxadiazines
Authors: Smith Letícia B , Kasai Shinji , Scott Jeffrey G 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAedes aegypti is a vector of several important human pathogens. Control efforts rely primarily on pyrethroid insecticides for adult mosquito control, especially during disease outbreaks. A. aegypti has developed resistance nearly everywhere it occurs and insecticides are used. An important mechanism of resistance is due to mutations in the voltage‐sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) gene. Two mutations, in particular, S989P + V1016G, commonly occur together in parts of Asia.RESULTSWe have created a strain (KDR:ROCK) that contains the Vssc mutations S989P + V1016G as the only mechanism of pyrethroid resistance within the genetic background of Rockefeller (ROCK), a susceptible lab strain. We created KDR:ROCK by crossing the pyrethroid‐resistant strain Singapore with ROCK followed by four backcrosses with ROCK and Vssc S989P + V1016G genotype selections. We determined the levels of resistance conferred to 17 structurally diverse pyrethroids, the organochloride DDT, and oxadiazines (VSSC blockers) indoxacarb (proinsecticide) and DCJW (the active metabolite of indoxacarb). Levels of resistance to the pyrethroids were variable, ranging from 21‐ to 107‐fold, but no clear pattern between resistance and chemical structure was observed. Resistance is inherited as an incompletely recessive trait. KDR:ROCK had a > 2000‐fold resistance to DDT, 37.5‐fold cross‐resistance to indoxacarb and 13.4‐fold cross‐resistance to DCJW.CONCLUSIONEtofenprox (and DDT) should be avoided in areas where Vssc mutations S989P + V1016G exist at high frequencies. We found that pyrethroid structure cannot be used to predict the level of resistance conferred by kdr. These results provide useful information for resistance management and for better understanding pyrethroid interactions with VSSC. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Exponential stability of switched Markovian jumping neutral‐type systems with generally incomplete transition rates
Authors: Kao Yonggui , Yang Tianshu , Park Ju H. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIn this paper, the exponential mean‐square stability of neutral switching Markovian jump systems with generally incomplete transition probabilities is investigated. The model discussed in this paper concludes both deterministic switching signals and Markovian jumping signals. The transition rates of the jumping process are assumed to be partly available, that is, some elements have been exactly known, some have been merely known with lower and upper bounds, and others may have no information to use. Based on the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional method, sufficient conditions on the exponential mean‐square stability of the considered system are derived in terms of liner matrix inequalities. A numerical example is provided to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed results.
Surface meshing of underwater maps from highly defective point sets
Authors: Campos Ricard , Garcia Rafael 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOwing to the many possible errors that may occur during real‐world mapping, point set maps often present a huge amount of outliers and large levels of noise. We present two robust surface reconstruction techniques dealing with corrupted point sets without resorting to any prefiltering step. They are based on building an unsigned distance function, discretely evaluated on an adaptive tetrahedral grid, and defined from an outlier‐robust splat representation. To extract the surface from this volumetric view, the space is partitioned into two subsets, the surface of interest being at the boundary separating them. While both methods are based on a similar graph definition derived from the above‐mentioned grid, they differ in the partitioning procedure. First, we propose a method using S‐T cuts to separate the inside and outside of the mapped area. Second, we use a normalized cut approach to partition the volume using only the values of the unsigned distance function. We prove the validity of our methods by applying them to challenging underwater data sets (sonar and image based), and we benchmark their results against the approaches in the state of the art.
Crop recognition under weedy conditions based on 3D imaging for robotic weed control
Authors: Li Ji , Tang Lie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA 3D time‐of‐flight camera was applied to develop a crop plant recognition system for broccoli and green bean plants under weedy conditions. The developed system overcame the previously unsolved problems caused by occluded canopy and illumination variation. An efficient noise filter was developed to remove the sparse noise points in 3D point cloud space. Both 2D and 3D features including the gradient of amplitude and depth image, surface curvature, amplitude percentile index, normal direction, and neighbor point count in 3D space were extracted and found effective for recognizing these two types of plants. Separate segmentation algorithms were developed for each of the broccoli and green bean plant in accordance with their 3D geometry and 2D amplitude characteristics. Under the experimental condition where the crops were heavily infested by various types of weed plants, detection rates over 88.3% and 91.2% were achieved for broccoli and green bean plant leaves, respectively. Additionally, the crop plants were segmented out with nearly complete shape. Moreover, the algorithms were computationally optimized, resulting in an image processing speed of over 30 frames per second.
Allogeneic Stem Cells Alter Gene Expression and Improve Healing of Distal Limb Wounds in Horses
Authors: Textor Jamie A. , Clark Kaitlin C. , Walker Naomi J. , Aristizobal Fabio A. , Kol Amir , LeJeune Sarah S. , Bledsoe Andrea , Davidyan Arik , Gray Sarah N. , Bohannon-Worsley Laurie K. , Woolard Kevin D. , Borjesson Dori L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDistal extremity wounds are a significant clinical problem in horses and humans and may benefit from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy. This study evaluated the effects of direct wound treatment with allogeneic stem cells, in terms of gross, histologic, and transcriptional features of healing. Three full-thickness cutaneous wounds were created on each distal forelimb in six healthy horses, for a total of six wounds per horse. Umbilical cord-blood derived equine MSCs were applied to each wound 1 day after wound creation, in one of four forms: (a) normoxic- or (b) hypoxic-preconditioned cells injected into wound margins, or (c) normoxic- or (d) hypoxic-preconditioned cells embedded in an autologous fibrin gel and applied topically to the wound bed. Controls were one blank (saline) injected wound and one blank fibrin gel-treated wound per horse. Data were collected weekly for 6 weeks and included wound surface area, thermography, gene expression, and histologic scoring. Results indicated that MSC treatment by either delivery method was safe and improved histologic outcomes and wound area. Hypoxic-preconditioning did not offer an advantage. MSC treatment by injection resulted in statistically significant increases in transforming growth factor beta and cyclooxygenase-2 expression at week 1. Histologically, significantly more MSC-treated wounds were categorized as pro-healing than pro-inflammatory. Wound area was significantly affected by treatment: MSC-injected wounds were consistently smaller than gel-treated or control wounds. In conclusion, MSC therapy shows promise for distal extremity wounds in horses, particularly when applied by direct injection into the wound margin.
Anomalous pH‐Dependent Nanofluidic Salinity Gradient Power
Authors: Yeh Li‐Hsien , Chen Fu , Chiou Yu‐Ting , Su Yen‐Shao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPrevious studies on nanofluidic salinity gradient power (NSGP), where energy associated with the salinity gradient can be harvested with ion‐selective nanopores, all suggest that nanofluidic devices having higher surface charge density should have higher performance, including osmotic power and conversion efficiency. In this manuscript, this viewpoint is challenged and anomalous counterintuitive pH‐dependent NSGP behaviors are reported. For example, with equal pH deviation from its isoelectric point (IEP), the nanopore at pH < IEP is shown to have smaller surface charge density but remarkably higher NSGP performance than that at pH > IEP. Moreover, for sufficiently low pH, the NSGP performance decreases with lowering pH (increasing nanopore charge density). As a result, a maximum osmotic power density as high as 5.85 kW m−2 can be generated along with a conversion efficiency of 26.3% achieved for a single alumina nanopore at pH 3.5 under a 1000‐fold concentration ratio. Using the rigorous model with considering the surface equilibrium reactions on the pore wall, it is proved that these counterintuitive surface‐charge‐dependent NSGP behaviors result from the pH‐dependent ion concentration polarization effect, which yields the degradation in effective concentration ratio across the nanopore. These findings provide significant insight for the design of next‐generation, high‐performance NSGP devices.
Construction of Plasmonic Nano‐Biosensor‐Based Devices for Point‐of‐Care Testing
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Zhou Jianhua , Li Jinghong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNext‐generation healthcare equipment and devices are in great demand for point‐of‐care testing (POCT), in view of their applications in rapid disease diagnosis, personalized medicine, portable or mobile health care, nontechnician assays, etc. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensors, which are based on noble‐metal nanostructures and which provide fast, real‐time, nonlabeled, and sensitive biochemical detections, have become one of the leading candidates for POCT. The advances in nanofabrication, molecular biotechnology, and optoelectronics integration technology have promoted LSPR biosensing to low‐cost, easy‐to‐use, and on‐site POCT. Here, a synopsis of LSPR nano‐biosensors and LSPR‐based POCT devices is provided by delineating the fundamental principles of LSPR sensing, various metal nanostructures, the modification layers on LSPR nanostructures, and the integration of LSPR biosensors into devices. Examples of applications of existing LSPR‐based microfluidic platforms and POCT devices in healthcare, public security, environmental monitoring, and food safety, for example, are given. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of developing LSPR‐based POCT techniques are highlighted. A relatively complete and instructive summary is provided for the development of plasmonic nano‐biosensor‐based portable, mobile, and wearable POCT devices.
Phosphorus‐Based Materials as the Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Fuhua , Gao Hong , Chen Jun , Guo Zaiping 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAs a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have recently attracted considerable attention. Enormous effort has been devoted to investigations on the development of suitable active materials in order to improve the energy density of SIBs and give them significant cycling stability. Among the reported anode materials, phosphorus‐based materials have been recognized as a major group of promising anode materials, due to the high theoretical capacity of P (2596 mA h g−1) and the abundance of P rock resources. Here, the current progress on P‐based anode materials is summarized, including elemental P (red/black phosphorus) and metal phosphides (Co–P, Cu–P, Fe–P, Ni–P, Se–P, Sn–P, Ge–P), and challenges and perspectives are highlighted in order to provide guidance for future research in related areas. Typical articles are also selected as specific examples, elaborating the advances in materials preparation techniques/approaches and in the structural design of P‐based materials.
The natural compound 2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐O‐β‐d glucoside protects against adriamycin‐induced nephropathy through activating the Nrf2‐Keap1 antioxidant pathway
Authors: Lin En‐Yuan , Bayarsengee Uyanga , Wang Ching‐Chiung , Chiang Yung‐Hsiao , Cheng Chao‐Wen 
Published: October 2017

Abstract2,3,5,4′‐Tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside (THSG) is an active compound extracted from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. This herb and radix Polygoni Multiflori preparata have been used to treat arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes for thousands of years. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of THSG in an Adriamycin (AD)‐induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) mouse model and the underlying mechanisms in an in vitro system. Mice were treated with THSG (2.5 and 10 mg/kg, oral gavage) for 24 consecutive days. On the third day, mice were intravenously given a single dose of AD (10 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, plasma and kidney samples were harvested to evaluate the therapeutic effects of THSG. The potential mechanisms of THSG in protecting against AD‐induced cytotoxicity were examined using a real‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblots, lactate dehydrogenase assay, and a cellular oxidized‐thiol detection system in a mouse mesangial cell line. In this study, THSG showed concentration‐dependent protective effects in ameliorating the progression of AD‐induced FSGS. THSG suppressed albuminuria and hypercholesterolemia and reduced the status of lipid peroxidation in urine, plasma, and kidney tissue samples. Furthermore, THSG protected against podocyte damage, reduced renal fibrotic gene expressions, and alleviated the severity of glomerulosclerosis. Treatment of mouse mesangial cells with THSG induced nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐like 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, increased heme oxygenase‐1 and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO)‐1 gene expressions, and reduced cellular thiol oxidation and resistance to AD‐induced cytotoxicity. Silencing Nrf2 and its repressor protein, Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1), abolished these protective effects of THSG. In conclusion, THSG can play a protective role in ameliorating the progression of FSGS in a mouse model through activation of the Nrf2‐Keap1 antioxidant pathway. Although a well‐designed therapeutic study is needed, THSG may be applied to manage chronic kidney disease.
Biological treatment of wastewater in aeration tanks: Theoretical bases for process calculations
Authors: Andreyev Sergey Yu. , Serpokrylov Nikolay S. , Demidochkin Vitaly V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article describes the method, based on the kinetics of enzyme reaction, for calculating treatment rates for wastewater effluents of varied concentrations in mixing aeration tanks and continuous flow aeration tanks. Using this method would make it possible to optimize the parameters of the biological treatment of wastewater. In addition, the authors illustrate that partitioning of the aeration space of the mixing aeration tank in a separate KU‐200 compact installation, which is intended for wastewater treatment from small sources, would make it possible to increase its efficiency by a factor of 1.8.
Environmental, health, and safety department reorganization and prioritization: Using analytical hierarchy process to mitigate scope creep
Authors: Barton William , Shan Xiaojun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOur objectives in this article are twofold: first, to use the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to establish core priorities and, second, to discuss how to reorganize an environmental, health, and safety (EHS) department in a manner that will avoid “scope creep,” as well as inconsistencies in the delivery of client services as a result of personnel loss or change. The approach we describe is novel because it allows users to prioritize their actions daily and annually to recalibrate priorities.