bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Potential Dryland Cropping Systems Adapted to Climate Change in the Central Great Plains
Authors: Nielsen David C. , Vigil Merle F. , Hansen Neil C. 
Published: October 2016

Climate in the semiarid central Great Plains is expected to become warmer and drier in coming decades, with potentially greater variability in precipitation and temperature. Cropping systems that include forages and allow flexibility for determining if a crop should be planted and which crop to plant (based on available soil water at planting) may provide the opportunity to maintain economic viability in a changing climate environment. The objective of this study was to compare cropping system productivity and profitability of flexible rotations that incorporate forages against grain‐based cropping systems that are set rotational sequences. Yield and net returns for five set rotations and three flexible rotations were compared at Akron, CO, over 5 yr. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields were reduced by 57% when the fallow period prior to wheat production was replaced with crop production. Average net income was greatest for the continuously cropped all‐forage set 3‐yr rotation followed by the flexible 3‐yr rotations that included wheat and forage phases. The lowest net returns were seen for the set grain‐based rotations and the flexible wheat–grain crop rotation. Incorporating forage production as a phase in dryland wheat rotational systems can add profitability and sustainability to the production system in the face of climate variability.Core Ideas

Including forages in semi‐arid dryland cropping systems increases profitability.
Using flexible rotations based on soil water at planting can reduce fallow frequency.
Continuously cropping with an all‐forage rotation maximizes net returns.
Flexible rotations with forages may mitigate negative effects of climate variability.
The Impact of Moral Intensity and Ethical Tone Consistency on Policy Compliance
Authors: Crossler Robert E. , Long James H. , Loraas Tina M. , Trinkle Brad S. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
This study examines the impact of moral intensity and inconsistent ethical tone on Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policy compliance. Organizations use BYOD policies to address the heightened risks of data and privacy breaches that arise when employees use their personal devices to access or store company data. These policies are a key part of an organization's system of internal controls that protect organizational assets by prescribing appropriate behavior for individuals who have access to them. We conducted an online experiment to evaluate (1) how the moral intensity of a policy compliance decision influences policy compliance behavior, (2) the efficacy of an intervention designed to increase moral intensity and thus foster compliance, and (3) how an inconsistent ethical tone affects both the perceived ethicality of a policy compliance decision and individuals' intentions to comply with the policy. We find that moral intensity is positively related to policy compliance, and that a simple intervention effectively fosters policy compliance through its impact on moral intensity. Furthermore, we provide evidence that an inconsistent ethical tone erodes policy compliance intentions, and can spill over to affect another work-related behavior. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications.
Text Mining Using Latent Semantic Analysis: An Illustration through Examination of 30 Years of Research at JIS
Authors: Guan Jian , Levitan Alan S. , Goyal Sandeep 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Big Data presents a tremendous challenge for the accounting profession today. This challenge is characterized by, among other things, the explosive growth of unstructured data, such as text. In recent years, new text-mining methods have emerged to turn unstructured textual data into actionable information. A critical role of accounting information systems (AIS) research is to help the accounting profession assess and utilize these methodologies in an accounting context. This paper introduces the latent semantic analysis (LSA), a text-mining approach that discovers latent structures in unstructured textual data, to the AIS research community. An LSA-based approach is used to analyze AIS research as published in the Journal of Information Systems (JIS) over the last 30 years. JIS research serves as an appropriate domain of analysis because of a perceived need to contextualize the scope of AIS research. The research themes and trends resulting from this analysis contribute to a better understanding of this identity.
Numerical and experimental investigation of surface vortex formation in coolant reservoirs of reactor safety systems
Authors: Pandazis P. , Babcsány B. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The reliable operation of the emergency coolant pumps and passive gravitational injection systems are an important safety issue during accident scenarios with coolant loss in pressurized water reactors. Because of the pressure drop and flow disturbances surface vortices develops at the pump intakes if the water level decreasing below a critical value. The induced swirling flow and gas entrainment lead to flow limitation and to pump failures and damages. The prediction of the critical submergence to avoid surface vortex building is difficult because it depends on many geometrical and fluid dynamical parameters. An alternative and new method has been developed for the investigation of surface vortices. The method based on the combination of CFD results with the analytical vortex model of Burgers and Rott. For further investigation the small scale experiments from the Institute of Nuclear Techniques of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics are used which were inspired from flow limitation problems during the draining of the bubble condenser trays at a VVER type nuclear power plants.
Comparative analysis of deterministic and probabilistic fracture mechanical assessment tools
Authors: Heckmann K. , Saifi Q. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Uncertainties in material properties, manufacturing processes, loading conditions and damage mechanisms complicate the quantification of structural reliability. Probabilistic structure mechanical computing codes serve as tools for assessing leak- and break probabilities of nuclear piping components. Probabilistic fracture mechanical tools were compared in different benchmark activities, usually revealing minor, but systematic discrepancies between results of different codes. In this joint paper, probabilistic fracture mechanical codes are compared. Crack initiation, crack growth and the influence of in-service inspections are analyzed. Example cases for stress corrosion cracking and fatigue in LWR conditions are analyzed. The evolution of annual failure probabilities during simulated operation time is investigated, in order to identify the reasons for differences in the results of different codes. The comparison of the tools is used for further improvements of the codes applied by the partners.
Simulation of the occupational radiation dose caused by contamination of primary circuit media in pressurized water reactors
Authors: Artmann A. , Bruhn G. , Schneider S. , Strub E. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The occupational radiation exposure of workers in NPPs during overall maintenance and refueling inspections and decommissioning is determined by numerous parameters. Radiation exposure caused by contamination of components may be minimised by the chemical operation mode and by applying systematic decontamination techniques. Data on occupational exposure in German NPPs as well as information about the radionuclide concentration in the coolant are available. The generic 3D model of the primary circuit presented is based on the analysis of technical documentation of German PWRs. Tasks are modeled as a combination of retention times at related local positions in the surroundings of work areas. The generic model allows the calculation of the resulting occupational doses generated by definable jobs and tasks. The KWU/Siemens-PWR generations are characterised by nuclide vectors, the thickness of shielding, and the material composition of components. It was possible to show that for a pre-Konvoi plant, the calculated occupational dose caused by a specific working task is close to measurements.
Experimental and numerical investigations on the direct contact condensation phenomenon in horizontal flow channels and its implications in nuclear safety
Authors: Ceuca S.C. , Laurinavicius D. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The complex direct contact condensation phenomenon is investigated in horizontal flow channels both experimentally and numerically with special emphasis on its implications on safety assessment studies. Under certain conditions direct contact condensation can act as the driving force for the water hammer phenomenon with potentially local devastating results, thus posing a threat to the integrity of the affected NPP components. New experimental results of in-depth analysis of the direct contact condensation phenomena obtained in Kaunas at the Lithuanian Energy Institute will be presented. The German system code ATHLET employing for the calculation of the heat transfer coefficient a mechanistic model accounting for two different eddy length scales, combined with the interfacial area transport equation will be assessed against condensation induced water hammer experimental data from the integral thermal-hydraulic experimental facility PMK-2, located at the KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute in Budapest Hungary.
'In Sight, Insane': Animal Agency, Captivity and the Frozen Wilderness in the Late-Twentieth Century
Authors: Flack Andrew 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In 1979 Bristol Zoo acquired a male polar bear named Misha. Although he was one in a long line of popular attractions, he behaved in ways that the public and, to a lesser degree, the zoological society increasingly judged to be disturbing. He endlessly paced back and forth in his enclosure, swaying his head repetitively from side to side. Following media attention from animal rights organisations and the media between 1985 and the early 1990s, Misha's 'psychotic' appearance in a captive environment repeatedly evoked images of the prisons and asylums of the past, where surveillance, spectacle and suffering collided to alter the natures of the 'beasts' within. Apart from this, Misha's unsettling behaviour also contributed to swelling concerns about the state of the natural world and the bear's 'wild' kin in the advancing shadow of ozone depletion and the retreat of the continental ice shelf in the ecologically fragile frozen North. The combination of Misha's evocative behaviour, and the conceptual links it forged with the world's wild creatures and places changed the complexion of Bristol Zoo as a captive and increasingly conservation-minded environment. Furthermore, it not only contributed to transformations within institutions far beyond the walls of this singular captive space but also affected individual mentalities. Thus, this essay's aims are two-fold: primarily, it considers the nature of the historical influence of animal life, centring on Misha as an individual animal of substantial influence. In so doing, it examines shifting and conflicting values with regard to a range of broader animal and environment-related issues in a world increasingly concerned by global warming and an astonishing decline in the Earth's biodiversity.
A Longer Antiquity ? Cyprus, Insularity and the Economic transition
Authors: Cosentino Salvatore 
Published: October 2016

Depuis les années 1980 un certain nombre d’études ont été consacrées à l’archéologie et à l’histoire des grandes îles méditerranéennes dans l’Antiquité tardive et au début du Moyen Âge. L’impression générale qui s’en dégage est que la période qui va du
IVe au VIIe s. apr. J.-C. constitue globalement une époque de vraie prospérité, aussi bien pour les grandes que les petites îles. Parmi les arguments qui sont en faveur de cette appréciation économique favorable, cet article insiste sur le faible impact de la militarisation sur les paysages, l’aménagement territorial et les sociétés insulaires. Il tente également de définir jusqu’à quel point l’histoire socio-économique de Chypre dans l’Antiquité s’accorde avec celle d’autres grandes îles de Méditerranée, comme la Sardaigne, la Crète et la Sicile.
Liturgical Furnishings from Early Christian Basilicas of Cyprus (4th-7th Century)
Authors: Nicolaou Doria 
Published: October 2016

Cet article vise à présenter le mobilier liturgique de quelques lieux de culte paléochrétiens de Chypre, datés entre le IVe et le VIIe s. apr. J.-C. Au cours des quelque 60 dernières années les recherches archéologiques ont mis au jour dans l’île un nombre considérable de basiliques paléochrétiennes qui ont conservé des vestiges de leurs aménagements liturgiques d’origine. Malheureusement, seules très peu d’entre elles ont été publiées. Cependant, quelques importantes études récentes présentent, grâce à une étude attentive de la stratigraphie, une restitution des différentes phases de ces structures, fondée sur des fragments conservés d’autels, de tables, d’ambons, de canopes (ciboria)
et de plaques de chancel. L’objectif principal de cet article est d’étudier les témoignages relatifs à chacun de ces éléments.
Book Production in Cyprus (9th-12th century). The illustrated manuscripts as evidence of artistic production on the island
Authors: Toumpouri Marina 
Published: October 2016

La recherche récente a permis d’attribuer à Chypre un nombre significatif de manuscrits grecs enluminés. Cet article concerne les plus anciens d’entre eux datant du IXe
au XIIe s. apr. J.-C. Dans un premier temps, nous allons présenter les manuscrits recensés jusqu’à présent. Quelques remarques préliminaires seront ensuite émises sur la façon dont les changements sociaux ont pu influencer la production et la réception d’artefacts, et plus particulièrement, des manuscrits enluminés. La deuxième partie sera consacrée à l’examen de deux manuscrits attribués à Chypre (Oxford, Bodleian Library, Laud 66, et Cambridge, University Library, Add. 4491/ Ioannina, Zosimaia Schole, 1/ New York, Columbia University Library, Plimpton 9), qui constituent des cas particulièrement appropriés pour mettre en évidence le contexte de production de manuscrits enluminés dans l’île à l’époque concernée.
THE CHANDRA COSMOS-LEGACY SURVEY: SOURCE X-RAY SPECTRAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Marchesi S. , Lanzuisi G. , Civano F. , Iwasawa K. , Suh H. , Comastri A. , Zamorani G. , Allevato V. , Griffiths R. , Miyaji T. , Ranalli P. , Salvato M. , Schawinski K. , Silverman J. , Treister E. , Urry C. M. , Vignali C. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the X-ray spectral analysis of the 1855 extragalactic sources in the Chandra COSMOS-Legacy survey catalog having more than 30 net counts in the 0.5–7 keV band. A total of 38% of the sources are optically classified type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs), 60% are type 2 AGNs, and 2% are passive, low-redshift galaxies. We study the distribution of AGN photon index Γ and of the intrinsic absorption

based on the sources’ optical classification: type 1 AGNs have a slightly steeper mean photon index Γ than type 2 AGNs, which, on the other hand, have average

times higher than type 1 AGNs. We find that ∼15% of type 1 AGNs have

cm−2, i.e., are obscured according to the X-ray spectral fitting; the vast majority of these sources have

1044 erg s−1. The existence of these objects suggests that optical and X-ray obscuration can be caused by different phenomena, the X-ray obscuration being, for example, caused by dust-free material surrounding the inner part of the nuclei. Approximately 18% of type 2 AGNs have

cm−2, and most of these sources have low X-ray luminosities (L

1043 erg s−1). We expect a part of these sources to be low-accretion, unobscured AGNs lacking broad emission lines. Finally, we also find a direct proportional trend between

and host-galaxy mass and star formation rate, although part of this trend is due to a redshift selection effect.
QUASI-PERIODIC FLUCTUATIONS AND CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION IN A SOLAR FLARE RIBBON OBSERVED BY HINODE/EIS, IRIS, AND RHESSI
Authors: Brosius Jeffrey W. , Daw Adrian N. , Inglis Andrew R. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The Hinode/Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) obtained rapid cadence (11.2 s) EUV stare spectra of an M7.3 flare ribbon in AR 12036 on 2014 April 18. Quasi-periodic (P ≈ 75.6 ± 9.2 s) intensity fluctuations occurred in emission lines of O iv, Mg vi, Mg vii, Si vii, Fe xiv, and Fe xvi during the flare's impulsive rise, and ended when the maximum intensity in Fe xxiii was reached. The profiles of the O iv–Fe xvi lines reveal that they were all redshifted during most of the interval of quasi-periodic intensity fluctuations, while the Fe xxiii profile revealed multiple components including one or two highly blueshifted ones. This indicates that the flare underwent explosive chromospheric evaporation during its impulsive rise. Fluctuations in the relative Doppler velocities were seen, but their amplitudes were too subtle to extract significant quasi-periodicities. RHESSI detected 25–100 keV hard-X-ray sources in the ribbon near the EIS slit's pointing position during the peaks in the EIS intensity fluctuations. The observations are consistent with a series of energy injections into the chromosphere by nonthermal particle beams. Electron densities derived with Fe xiv (4.6 × 1010 cm−3) and Mg vii (7.8 × 109 cm−3) average line intensity ratios during the interval of quasi-periodic intensity fluctuations, combined with the radiative loss function of an optically thin plasma, yield radiative cooling times of 32 s at 2.0 × 106 K, and 46 s at 6.3 × 105 K (about half the quasi-period); assuming Fe xiv's density for Fe xxiii yields a radiative cooling time of 103 s (13 times the quasi-period) at 1.4 × 107 K.
A SEARCH FOR O2 IN CO-DEPLETED MOLECULAR CLOUD CORES WITH HERSCHEL
Authors: Wirström Eva S. , Charnley Steven B. , Cordiner Martin A. , Ceccarelli Cecilia 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The general lack of molecular oxygen in molecular clouds is an outstanding problem in astrochemistry. Extensive searches with the Submillimeter Astronomical Satellite, Odin, and Herschel have only produced two detections; upper limits to the O2 abundance in the remaining sources observed are about 1000 times lower than predicted by chemical models. Previous atomic oxygen observations and inferences from observations of other molecules indicated that high abundances of O atoms might be present in dense cores exhibiting large amounts of CO depletion. Theoretical arguments concerning the oxygen gas–grain interaction in cold dense cores suggested that, if O atoms could survive in the gas after most of the rest of the heavy molecular material has frozen out onto dust, then O2 could be formed efficiently in the gas. Using Herschel HIFI, we searched a small sample of four depletion cores—L1544, L694-2, L429, and Oph D—for emission in the low excitation O2
N

J
= 33–12 line at 487.249 GHz. Molecular oxygen was not detected and we derive upper limits to its abundance in the range of N(O2)/N(H2)

. We discuss the absence of O2 in the light of recent laboratory and observational studies.
THE EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET VARIABILITY OF QUASARS
Authors: Punsly Brian , Marziani Paola , Zhang Shaohua , Muzahid Sowgat , O’Dea Christopher P. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We study the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) variability (rest frame wavelengths 500–920 Å) of high-luminosity quasars using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) (low to intermediate redshift sample) and Sloan Digital sky Survey (SDSS) (high redshift sample) archives. The combined HST and SDSS data indicates a much more pronounced variability when the sampling time between observations in the quasar rest frame is

compared to

s. Based on an excess variance analysis, for time intervals

in the quasar rest frame, 10% of the quasars (4/40) show evidence of EUV variability. Similarly, for time intervals

in the quasar rest frame, 55% of the quasars (21/38) show evidence of EUV variability. The propensity for variability does not show any statistically significant change between

and

(1 year). The temporal behavior is one of a threshold time interval for significant variability as opposed to a gradual increase on these timescales. A threshold timescale can indicate a characteristic spatial dimension of the EUV region. We explore this concept in the context of the slim disk models of accretion. We find that for rapidly spinning black holes, the radial infall time to the plunge region of the optically thin surface layer of the slim disk that is responsible for the preponderance of the EUV flux emission (primarily within 0–7 black hole radii from the inner edge of the disk) is consistent with the empirically determined variability timescale.
ON ESCAPING A GALAXY CLUSTER IN AN ACCELERATING UNIVERSE
Authors: Stark Alejo , Miller Christopher J. , Gifford Daniel 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We derive the escape velocity profile for an Einasto density field in an accelerating universe and demonstrate its physical viability by comparing theoretical expectations to both light-cone data generated from N-body simulations and archival data on 20 galaxy clusters. We demonstrate that the projection function (

) is deemed physically viable only for the theoretical expectation that includes a cosmology-dependent term. Using simulations, we show that the inferred velocity anisotropy is more than 6σ away from the expected value for the theoretical profile that ignores the acceleration of the universe. In the archival data, we constrain the average velocity anisotropy parameter of a sample of 20 clusters to be

at the 68% confidence level. Lastly, we briefly discuss how our analytic model may be used as a novel cosmological probe based on galaxy clusters.
COMPARISON OF DAMPED OSCILLATIONS IN SOLAR AND STELLAR X-RAY FLARES
Authors: Cho I.-H. , Cho K.-S. , Nakariakov V. M. , Kim S. , Kumar P. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We explore the similarity and difference of the quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) observed in the decay phase of solar and stellar flares at X-rays. We identified 42 solar flares with pronounced QPPs, observed with RHESSI, and 36 stellar flares with QPPs, observed with XMM-Newton. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method and least-squares fit by a damped sine function were applied to obtain the periods (P) and damping times (τ) of the QPPs. We found that (1) the periods and damping times of the stellar QPPs are 16.21 ± 15.86 minutes and 27.21 ± 28.73 minutes, while those of the solar QPPs are 0.90 ± 0.56 and 1.53 ± 1.10 minutes, respectively; (2) the ratios of the damping times to the periods (

) observed in the stellar QPPs (1.69 ± 0.56) are statistically identical to those of solar QPPs (1.74 ± 0.77); and (3) the scalings of the QPP damping time with the period are well described by the power law in both solar and stellar cases. The power indices of the solar and stellar QPPs are 0.96 ± 0.10 and

, respectively. This scaling is consistent with the scalings found for standing slow magnetoacoustic and kink modes in solar coronal loops. Thus, we propose that the underlying mechanism responsible for the stellar QPPs is the natural magnetohydrodynamic oscillation in the flaring or adjacent coronal loops, as in the case of solar flares.