bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Submarine vortices derived from natural gas hydrate conversion: a mechanism for ocean mixing
Authors: BARNARD A. , MAX M. D. , GUALDESI L. 
Published: October 2017

We propose that the source water for some abyssal undular vortices cored by cool, low-salinity water identified at depths in excess of 2,500 m in the deepwater region of the Eastern Mediterranean Basin may be related to conversion of natural gas hydrate (NGH) in abyssal marine sediments. The conditions for extensive formation of NGH in the gas hydrate stability zones (GHSZ) of the upper seafloor sediments existed in this region during previous glacial episodes when colder water supported a thicker GHSZ. Seafloor warming during the most recent interglacial caused thinning of the GHSZ at its base and has driven endothermic NGH dissociation that would have released large volumes of low-salinity water and gas that would tend to pond below the base GHSZ. Periodically, trapped low-salinity water and gas would be released into the sea through the overlying sediments. Buoyant low-salinity water masses, supersaturated with gas and locally containing free gas would ascend and introduce a dynamic element into an otherwise generally static environment. As a result of the interaction of the rise of this buoyant plume and Coriolis acceleration the ascending mass would begin to rotate and form a vortex tube in midwater. NGH conversion within the seafloor introduces large coherent masses of low-salinity, lower-temperature water containing a buoyant free gas fraction from near-surface reservoirs into the abyssal depths even where there may only be a weak natural gas petroleum system.
A genomic atlas of human adrenal and gonad development
Authors: del Valle Ignacio , Buonocore Federica , Duncan Andrew J. , Lin Lin , Barenco Martino , Parnaik Rahul , Shah Sonia , Hubank Mike , Gerrelli Dianne , Achermann John C. 
Published: October 2017

Background: In humans, the adrenal glands and gonads undergo distinct biological events between 6-10 weeks post conception (wpc), such as testis determination, the onset of steroidogenesis and primordial germ cell development. However, relatively little is currently known about the genetic mechanisms underlying these processes. We therefore aimed to generate a detailed genomic atlas of adrenal and gonad development across these critical stages of human embryonic and fetal development.Methods: RNA was extracted from 53 tissue samples between 6-10 wpc (adrenal, testis, ovary and control). Affymetrix array analysis was performed and differential gene expression was analysed using Bioconductor. A mathematical model was constructed to investigate time-series changes across the dataset. Pathway analysis was performed using ClueGo and cellular localisation of novel factors confirmed using immunohistochemistry.Results: Using this approach, we have identified novel components of adrenal development (e.g.ASB4,NPR3) and confirmed the role ofSRYas the main human testis-determining gene. By mathematical modelling time-series data we have found new genes up-regulated withSOX9in the testis (e.g.CITED1), which may represent components of the testis development pathway. We have shown that testicular steroidogenesis has a distinct onset at around 8 wpc and identified potential novel components in adrenal and testicular steroidogenesis (e.g.MGARP,FOXO4,MAP3K15,GRAMD1B,RMND2), as well as testis biomarkers (e.g.SCUBE1). We have also shown that the developing human ovary expresses distinct subsets of genes (e.g.OR10G9,OR4D5), but enrichment for established biological pathways is limited.Conclusion: This genomic atlas is revealing important novel aspects of human development and new candidate genes for adrenal and reproductive disorders.
The appeal of the ‘Old School’: From De cierta manera/One Way or Another (1974) to Conducta/Behaviour (2014)
Authors: Fehimović Dunja 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article compares the critical perspectives on society, education and morality found in Sara Gómez’s classic De cierta manera/One Way or Another (1974) and Ernesto Daranas’ more recent Conducta/Behaviour (2014). Considering the films’ engagement with cinematic traditions from Italian neo-realism to melodrama, it argues that Conducta displays a return to a cinematic ‘old school’ in terms of its emotional appeal, its focus on a transcendent individual and its tendency to turn the social and physical context into aesthetically appealing backdrop. Given the overdetermination of both children and teachers in Cuba’s history, the analysis shows the conversion of Daranas’ teacher, Carmela, into a sanctified, syncretic heroine and her pupil, Chala, into a choteo-imbued, macho, miniature Hombre Nuevo (new man). Thus, the critical, imperfect and collective qualities of Gómez’s rapidly transforming revolutionary society are displaced in Daranas’ film by a melancholy aesthetic, a quasi-sacred aura and a coercive kind of care. The problem, therefore, does not necessarily lie in this film’s use of ‘old-school’ narrative techniques, but rather in their deployment to cement values of ‘authentic’ revolutionary spirit and ‘true’ cubanía – in other words, to reinforce the appeal of the ‘old school’.
Juan of the Dead: Anxious consumption and zombie cinema in Cuba
Authors: Ballina Bianka 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Cuban cinema has undergone a resurgence over the past decade, often relying on different foreign sources of funding, particularly transnational co-production agreements. As global audience appeal becomes a critical factor in national cinema, incorporating global media resources entails forms of resistance that need not be guided by a refusal to engage with hegemonic forces. Instead, audio-visual production strives to acknowledge and mobilize the elasticity of social, ideological and geopolitical borders by experimenting with national and global criteria. This article explores this media environment through Alejandro Brugués’s film Juan de los muertos/Juan of the Dead (2011). The film mediates the complex material and ideological transformations in Cuba over the past two decades and provides a fertile ground for exploring the circulation of anxieties around global consumption. This article examines how Juan of the Dead contributes towards the continued reformulation of both Cuban and genre cinemas while also reproducing pervasive discourses around race, gender and sexuality in Cuba.
Obsolescence, media and the global imaginary: Thing motifs in Cuban cinema
Authors: Balaisis Nicholas 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article looks at the focus on things in recent Cuban film and media. New tourist trinkets, improvised domestic tools and obsolescent media have emerged as areas of interest for Cuban and Cuban-trained filmmakers, an interest that reflects Cuba’s changing place within the global imaginary. Cuban things are unique – and compelling – in the way that they index the context of late socialism, particularly Cuba’s long economic isolation from American trade and goods. The distinctness of these objects has fuelled recent global interest in Cuban design as they represent alternatives to an increasingly homogenous cycle of global commodities and the perceived dematerialization of culture as a result of digital media and technology. Things in recent Cuban film reflect Cuba’s newfound status as ‘obsolescent chic’, at the same time as they recast this global fascination in ways that preserve national histories and local specificity.
Using N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide to diagnose cardiac abnormalities in children with dyspneaen with dyspnea
Authors: Mukalla Zakaria , Nova Ria , Legiran Legiran , Yangtjik Yangtjik 
Published: October 2017

Background. Dyspnea could be caused by various reason, one of which is the presence of cardiac abnormality. Physical examination sometimes difficult to distinguish breath caused by heart abnormalities, especially small children, so we need another way to find out.Objective. To evaluate whether the examination of NT-proBNP levels can be used as a screening tool to diagnose cardiac abnormality in children presenting with dyspnea.Methods. A Cross sectional study was conducted from August to October 2015 on pediatric patients aged 1 month to 18 years presenting with dyspnea in pediatric ward Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang. All subjects performed blood sampling for NT-proBNP examination and echocardiography to assess the presence of cardiac abnormalities. The diagnostic value analyzed by ROC curve, and determined the optimal cut-off point, sensitivity and specificity. Result. We obtained 58 subjects with median age 9.5 (1-180) months, consisted of 39 subjects with cardiac abnormalities and 19 subjects without cardiac abnormality. There is a significant difference (p = 0.002) of NT-proBNP levels in both groups with a median 1,775 (189-9,000) pg/ml vs 759 (245-9,000) pg/ml. In ROC curve analysis, AUC value was 0.75, and at the optimal cut-off point 1,235 pg/ml, sensitivity was 74.4% and specificity was 73.7%.Conclusion. The level of NT-proBNP can be used to diagnose cardiac abnormalities in children presenting with dyspnea.
Serum ferritin, serum nitric oxide, and cognitive function in pediatric thalassemia major
Authors: Qurbani Septiana Nur , Reniarti Lelani , Chairulfatah Alex 
Published: October 2017

Background Hemolysis and repeated blood transfusions in children with thalassemia major cause iron overload in various organs, including the brain, and may lead to neurodegeneration. Hemolysis also causes decreased levels of nitric oxide, which serves as a volume transmitter and slow dynamic modulation, leading to cognitive impairment.Objective To assess for correlations between serum ferritin as well as nitric oxide levels and cognitive function in children with thalassemia major. Methods This analytical study with cross-sectional design on 40 hemosiderotic thalassemia major patients aged 6−14 years, was done at the Thalassemia Clinic in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, from May to June 2015. Serum ferritin measurements were performed by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay; serum nitric oxide was assayed by a colorimetric procedure based on Griess reaction; and cognitive function was assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children test. Statistical analysis was done using Spearman’s Rank correlation, with a significance value of 0.05.Results Abnormal values in verbal, performance, and full scale IQ were found in 35%, 57.5% and 57.5%, respectively. Serum nitric oxide level was significantly correlated with performance IQ (P=0.022), but not with verbal IQ (P=0.359) or full scale IQ (P=0.164). There were also no significant correlations between serum ferritin level and full scale, verbal, or performance IQ (P=0.377, 0.460, and 0.822, respectively).Conclusion Lower serum nitric oxide level is significantly correlated to lower cognitive function, specifically in the performance IQ category. However, serum ferritin level has no clear correlation with cognitive function.
The pediatric index of mortality 3 score to predict mortality in a pediatric intensive care unit in Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Sari Destiana Sera Puspita , Saputra Indra , Triratna Silvia , Saleh Mgs. Irsan 
Published: October 2017

Background For critically ill patients in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), a scoring system is helpful for assessing the severity of morbidity and predicting the risk of mortality. The Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) 3 score consists of ten easy simple variables, so that the probability of death can be assessed prior to undergoing advanced therapies. The PIM 3 score in inexpensive and comprised of routine laboratory variables performed in PICU patients. In Indonesia, studies to validate the PIM 3 score have been limited.Objective To evaluate the PIM 3 score for predicting the probability of death in the PICU, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital (MHH), Palembang.Methods A prospective, cohort study was performed in the PICU, MHH, Palembang, from February to April 2016. The PIM 3 score was calculated within 2 hours of patients admission to the PICU by an android calculator application. PIM3 score and mortality were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test; calibration was performed by Hosmer-Lameshow goodness of fit test, discrimination was done by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis; and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated.Results During the study period there were 81 PICU patients, 69 children were included, ranging in age from 1,5 to 187 months. The overall mortality rate was 40,58%. The most common illnesses in our subjects were malignancy (17,4%), post non-thoracic surgery (14,5%), dengue shock syndrome (14,5%), respiratory disease (13%), and neurological disease (11,6%). Subjects’ PIM3 scores ranged from 1,02% to 58,84%, with means of 26,08% in non-survivors and 13,05% in survivors. The SMR was 2,24, indicating that death was underpredicted. The AUC of 0,771 (95% CI of 0,651 to 0,891) indicated that the PIM3 score had good discrimination.Conclusion In Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, South Sumatera, the PIM 3 can be used to predict mortality in PICU patients, but the score should be multiplied by a factor of 2.24. This recalibration is needed due to the presumed lower standard of care at this hospital compared to that of the originating PIM 3 institutions in developed countries.
Diagnostic value of newborn foot length to predict gestational age
Authors: Fawziah Mutia Farah , Soebagyo Bambang , Hidayah Dwi 
Published: October 2017

Background Identification of gestational age, especially within 48 hours of birth, is crucial for newborns, as the earlier preterm status is detected, the earlier the child can receive optimal management. Newborn foot length is an anthropometric measurement which is easy to perform, inexpensive, and potentially efficient for predicting gestational age.Objective To analyze the diagnostic value of newborn foot length in predicting gestational age.Methods This diagnostic study was performed between October 2016 and February 2017 in the High Care Unit of Neonates at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta. A total of 152 newborns were consecutively selected and underwent right foot length measurements before 96 hours of age. The correlation between newborn foot length to classify as full term and gestational age was analyzed with Spearman’s correlation test because of non-normal data distribution. The cut-off point of newborn foot length was calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and diagnostic values of newborn foot length were analyzed by 2 x 2 table with SPSS 21.0 software.Results There were no significant differences between male and female newborns in terms of gestational age, birth weight, choronological age, and newborn foot length (P>0.05). Newborn foot length and gestational age had a significant correlation (r=0.53; P=0.000). The optimal cut-off newborn foot length to predict full term status was 7.1 cm. Newborn foot length below 7.1 cm had sensitivity 75%, specificity 98%, positive predictive value 94.3%, negative predictive value 90.6%, positive likelihood ratio 40.5, negative likelihood ratio 0.25, and post-test probability 94.29%, to predict preterm status in newborns.Conclusion Newborn foot length can be used to predict gestational age, especially for the purpose of differentiating between preterm and full term newborns.
A Twentieth-Century Merchant Network Centered on Jeddah: The Correspondence of Muḥammad b. Aḥmad Bin Ḥimd
Authors: Freitag Ulrike 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article examines a collection of merchant letters which arrived between 1919 and 1946 in the Red Sea port of Jeddah. Their recipient, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad Bin Ḥimd, was a merchant of Hadhrami origin, deeply embedded in the trade with grain, foodstuffs and other goods in the Red Sea area. Based on a survey of some of the documents, the article describes the merchant’s network as well as the content of some sample letters to unlock their potential as an important source for the economic history of the region.
Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy in Zebrafish Caused by Aldh7a1 Deficiency
Authors: Pena Izabella A , Roussel Yann , Daniel Kate , Mongeon Kevin , Johnstone Devon , Weinschutz Mendes Hellen , Bosma Marjolein , Saxena Vishal , Lepage Nathalie , Chakraborty Pranesh , Dyment David A , van Karnebeek Clara D M , Verhoeven-Duif Nanda , Bui Tuan Vu , Boycott Kym M , Ekker Marc , MacKenzie Alex 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) is a severe neonatal seizure disorder and is here modeled in aldh7a1 -/- zebrafish. Mutant larvae display spontaneous..Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) is a rare disease characterized by mutations in the lysine degradation gene ALDH7A1 leading to recurrent neonatal seizures, which are uniquely alleviated by high doses of pyridoxine or pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (vitamin B6 vitamers). Despite treatment, neurodevelopmental disabilities are still observed in most PDE patients underlining the need for adjunct therapies. Over 60 years after the initial description of PDE, we report the first animal model for this disease: an aldh7a1-null zebrafish (Danio rerio) displaying deficient lysine metabolism and spontaneous and recurrent seizures in the larval stage (10 days postfertilization). Epileptiform electrographic activity was observed uniquely in mutants as a series of population bursts in tectal recordings. Remarkably, as is the case in human PDE, the seizures show an almost immediate sensitivity to pyridoxine and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, with a resulting extension of the life span. Lysine supplementation aggravates the phenotype, inducing earlier seizure onset and death. By using mass spectrometry techniques, we further explored the metabolic effect of aldh7a1 knockout. Impaired lysine degradation with accumulation of PDE biomarkers, B6 deficiency, and low γ-aminobutyric acid levels were observed in the aldh7a1−/− larvae, which may play a significant role in the seizure phenotype and PDE pathogenesis. This novel model provides valuable insights into PDE pathophysiology; further research may offer new opportunities for drug discovery to control seizure activity and improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for PDE.
Quality Protein Maize Based on Reducing Sulfur in Leaf Cells
Authors: Planta Jose , Messing Joachim 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Low levels of the essential amino acids lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met) in a maize-based diet are a major cost to feed and food. Lys deficiency is due to the abundance of Lys-poor proteins in maize kernels. Although a maize mutant, opaque-2 (o2), has sufficient levels of Lys, its soft kernel renders it unfit for storage and transportation. Breeders overcame this problem by selecting quantitative trait loci (QTL) restoring kernel hardness in the presence of o2, a variety called Quality Protein Maize (QPM). Although at least one QTL acts by enhancing the expression of the γ-zein proteins, we could surprisingly achieve rebalancing of the Lys content and a vitreous kernel phenotype by targeting suppression of γ-zeins without the o2 mutant. Reduced levels of γ-zeins were achieved with RNA interference (RNAi). Another transgenic event, PE5 expresses the Escherichia coli enzyme 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate reductase involved in sulfate assimilation, specifically in leaves. The stacked transgenic events produce a vitreous endosperm, which has higher Lys level than the classical opaque W64Ao2 variant. Moreover, due to the increased sulfate reduction in the leaf, Met level is elevated in the seed. Such a combination of transgenes produces hybrid seeds superior to classical QPMs that would neither require a costly feed mix nor synthetic Met supplementation, potentially creating a novel and cost-effective means for improving maize nutritional quality.
Drinking Water to Prevent Postvaccination Presyncope in Adolescents: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Kemper Alex R. , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Walter Emmanuel B. , Hornik Christoph , Pierre-Joseph Natalie , Broder Karen R. , Silverstein Michael , Harrington Theresa 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Postvaccination syncope can cause injury. Drinking water prephlebotomy increases peripheral vascular tone, decreasing risk of blood-donation presyncope and syncope. This study evaluated whether drinking water prevaccination reduces postvaccination presyncope, a potential syncope precursor.

METHODS:
We conducted a randomized trial of subjects aged 11 to 21 years receiving ≥1 intramuscular vaccine in primary care clinics. Intervention subjects were encouraged to drink 500 mL of water, with vaccination recommended 10 to 60 minutes later. Control subjects received usual care. Presyncope symptoms were assessed with a 12-item survey during the 20-minutes postvaccination. Symptoms were classified with a primary cutoff sensitive for presyncope, and a secondary, more restrictive cutoff requiring greater symptoms. Results were adjusted for clustering by recruitment center.

RESULTS:
There were 906 subjects randomly assigned to the control group and 901 subjects randomly assigned to the intervention group. None had syncope. Presyncope occurred in 36.2% of subjects by using the primary definition, and in 8.0% of subjects by using the restrictive definition. There were no significant differences in presyncope by intervention group for the primary (1-sided test, P = .24) or restrictive outcome (1-sided test, P = .17). Among intervention subjects vaccinated within 10 to 60 minutes after drinking all 500 mL of water (n = 519), no reduction in presyncope was observed for the primary or restrictive outcome (1-sided tests, P = .13, P = .17). In multivariable regression analysis, presyncope was associated with younger age, history of passing out or nearly passing out after a shot or blood draw, prevaccination anxiety, receiving &gt;1 injected vaccine, and greater postvaccination pain.

CONCLUSIONS:
Drinking water before vaccination did not prevent postvaccination presyncope. Predictors of postvaccination presyncope suggest opportunities for presyncope and syncope prevention interventions.
Glükózterhelés a peritonealis dialízisben. Újabb elméleti megfontolások
Authors: Mácsai Emília , Kiss István 
Published: October 2017

Abstract: The significance of peritoneal dialysis in kidney replacement therapy is expected to increase, so it is important to reconsider glucose exposure to minimize the adverse effects. The first step was to develop biocompatible modern PD solutions to reduce the local and systemic adverse effects of current conventional glucose-based ones. According to the limited clinical experience, there are no clear data on better clinical outcome. Besides this there is a suspected theoretical correlation between development of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis and chronic local irritation of peritoneal surface by glucose. The degree of actual systemic glycemic load can be evaluated by continuous tissue glucose monitoring, and cumulative damage can be measured by skin autofluorescence, however none of the methods have been extensively used in clinical practice. The early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases is therefore of also paramount importance. Selecting the therapeutic steps including diabetological aspects, we must constantly strive to improve the life quality. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(43): 1708–1714.