bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysates prepared from Cape hake by‐products
Authors: Teixeira Bárbara , Pires Carla , Nunes Maria L. , Batista Irineu 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe antioxidant activity of fish protein hydrolysates may change in the digestive tract during the human gastrointestinal digestion depending on their preparation conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the antioxidant properties of Cape hake hydrolysates prepared by three different methods (HPH‐A, HPH‐B and HPH‐C) and the effect of their in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on their antioxidant properties. HPH‐A showed the highest reducing power, while HPH‐B and HPH‐C exhibited the highest OH antiradical activity. Fe2+‐chelating activity was similar for all hydrolysates, but HPH‐C had a higher Cu2+‐chelating activity comparable to that of EDTA. The in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of hydrolysates caused a decrease in the DPPH inhibition, but an increase in scavenging ABTS in all hydrolysates. Copper‐ and iron‐chelating activities increased after digestion of hydrolysates. The results showed that the gastrointestinal digestion of HPHs generally increased their antioxidant properties.
Comparing the efficiency of different food‐grade emulsifiers to form and stabilise orange oil‐in‐water beverage emulsions: influence of emulsifier concentration and storage time
Authors: Raikos Vassilios , Duthie Garry , Ranawana Viren 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of three different food‐grade emulsifiers to form and stabilise an orange oil‐in‐water emulsion. The emulsifier type and concentration had a profound effect on the initial particle size of the oil droplets with Tween 80 being the most effective in reducing the particle size (1% w/w, 1.88 ± 0.01 μm) followed by sodium caseinate (10% w/w, 2.14 ± 0.03 μm) and gum arabic (10% w/w, 4.10 ± 0.24 μm). The long‐term stability of the concentrated beverages was monitored using Turbiscan analysis. The Turbiscan stability indices after 4 weeks of storage followed the order: Tween 80 (1.70 ± 0.08) < gum arabic (4.83 ± 0.53) < sodium caseinate (6.20 ± 1.56). The protein emulsifier was more capable to control the oxidation process, and this was attributed to the excess amount of emulsifier present in the aqueous phase. This study provides useful insights into the formulation of flavour emulsions by the beverage industry.
Coeliacs cannot live by gluten‐free bread alone – every once in awhile they need antioxidants
Authors: Torres María D. , Arufe Santiago , Chenlo Francisco , Moreira Ramon 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThis comprehensive review, covering scientific papers published from 2013 until now, deals with the bioactivity of available gluten‐free matrices. For this purpose, cereals (rice, maize, sorghum, teff and millets), pseudocereals (buckwheat, quinoa and amaranth) and noncereals (pulses as lentils, fruits as bananas, vegetables as potatoes and nuts as chestnuts, among others) sources are studied. The current trends in enhancing the antioxidant activity of gluten‐free baked products by incorporating natural bioactive compounds are presented. This review covers a wide range of natural bioactive sources such as starchy materials or its by‐products; spices, herbs or green plant materials and vegetable and seeds or fruits. Special emphasis was put on describing the changes in antioxidant activity that can occur, between raw matrices and enriched final products, during baking process. Possible future trends in the improvement of antioxidant properties of gluten‐free baked products, based on bioactive sources which have already been applied in the gluten bread industry, were also discussed.
Brazilian version of the Care Transitions Measure: translation and validation
Authors: Acosta A.M. , Lima M.A.D.S. , Marques G.Q. , Levandovski P.F. , Weber L.A.F. 
Published: October 2016

AimTo translate, adapt and evaluate psychometric properties of the complete (15 items) and reduced (three items) versions of the Care Transitions Measure into Brazilian Portuguese.IntroductionThe Care Transitions Measure assesses the quality of care transitions, from the perspective of patients. As accomplishing effective transitions is a challenge to healthcare systems, the instrument provides an opportunity to assess care transitions and improve quality initiatives.MethodsA three‐phased design was used for cross‐cultural adaptation, pre‐testing and evaluation of psychometric properties of the measurement in a Brazilian hospital. After forward translation, back translation and expert committee review, patients evaluated the instrument in a pre‐test. Psychometric testing included face and content validity, reliability, stability and factorial analysis.ResultsCross‐cultural adaptation was completed successfully with a high clarity rate. Internal consistency was good in the 15‐item version and was moderate in the three‐item version. Test–retest reliability showed good stability of the two versions over time. The three‐item version had satisfactory criterion validity. Four factors were extracted for the 15‐item measure.LimitationsSamples were restricted to a group of patients from one hospital in southern Brazil. Future studies should test the measurement's construct and predictive validity.ConclusionsThe translated version of the Care Transitions Measure has good face and content validity, reliability and stability. It has shown to be a valid measurement for evaluating the quality of care transitions in Brazil.Implications for nursing and health policyResults are beneficial for nurses, managers and policy makers for evaluating care transitions and support the need for changes in policies and practices.
Drought Priming at Vegetative Growth Stage Enhances Nitrogen‐Use Efficiency Under Post‐Anthesis Drought and Heat Stress in Wheat
Authors: Liu S. , Li X. , Larsen D. H. , Zhu X. , Song F. , Liu F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTo study the effects of early drought priming at 5th‐leaf stage on grain yield and nitrogen‐use efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress, wheat plants were first exposed to moderate drought stress (drought priming; that is, the leaf water potential reached ca. −0.9 MPa) at the 5th‐leaf stage for 11 days, and leaf water relations and gas exchange rates, grain yield and yield components, and agronomic nitrogen‐use efficiency (ANUE) of the primed and non‐primed plants under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress were investigated. Compared with the non‐primed plants, the drought‐primed plants possessed higher leaf water potential and chlorophyll content, and consequently a higher photosynthetic rate during post‐anthesis drought and heat stress. Drought priming also resulted in higher grain yield and ANUE in wheat under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress. Drought priming at vegetative stage improves carbon assimilation and ANUE under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress and their combination in wheat, which might be used as a field management tool to enhance stress tolerance of wheat crops to multiple abiotic stresses in a future drier and warmer climate.
A comparison of race‐related pain stereotypes held by White and Black individuals
Authors: Hollingshead Nicole A. , Meints Samantha M. , Miller Megan M. , Robinson Michael E. , Hirsh Adam T. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPain judgments are the basis for pain management. The purpose of this study was to assess Black and White participants' race‐related pain stereotypes. Undergraduates (n = 551) rated the pain sensitivity and willingness to report pain for the typical Black person, White person, and themselves. Participants, regardless of race, rated the typical White person as being more pain sensitive and more willing to report pain than the typical Black person. White participants rated themselves as less sensitive and less willing to report pain than same‐race peers; however, Black participants rated themselves as more pain sensitive and more willing to report pain than same‐race peers. These findings highlight similarities and differences in racial stereotypic pain beliefs held by Black and White individuals.
Dynamics of Saxothuringian subduction channel/wedge constrained by phase‐equilibria modelling and micro‐fabric analysis
Authors: Collett S. , Štípská P. , Kusbach V. , Schulmann K. , Marciniak G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSubduction and exhumation dynamics can be investigated through analysis of metamorphic and deformational evolution of associated high‐grade rocks. The Erzgebirge anticline, which forms at the boundary between the Saxothuringian and Teplá‐Barrandian domains of the Bohemian Massif, provides a useful study area for these processes owing to the occurrence of numerous meta‐basites preserving eclogite facies assemblages, and coesite and diamond bearing quartzofeldspathic lithologies indicating subduction to deep mantle depths. The prograde and retrograde evolution of meta‐basite from the Czech portion of the Erzgebirge anticline has been constrained through a combination of thermodynamic modelling and conventional thermobarometry. Garnet growth zoning indicates that the rocks underwent burial and heating to peak conditions of 2.6 GPa and at least 615 °C. Initial exhumation occurred with concurrent cooling and decompression resulting in the growth of amphibole and zoisite poikiloblasts overgrowing and including the eclogite facies assemblage. The development of clinopyroxene–plagioclase–amphibole symplectites after omphacite and Al‐rich rims on matrix amphibole indicate later heating at the base of the lower crust. Omphacite microstructures, in particular grain size analysis and lattice‐preferred orientations, indicate that the prograde evolution was characterized by a constrictional strain geometry transitioning into plane strain and oblate fabrics during exhumation. The initial constrictional strain pattern is interpreted as being controlled by competing slab pull and crustal buoyancy forces leading to necking of the subducting slab. The transition to plane strain and flattening geometries represents transfer of material from the subducting lithosphere into a subduction channel, break‐off of the dense slab and rebound of the buoyant crustal material.
Food‐Restriction Lowers the Acoustic Startle Response in both Male and Female Rats, and, in Combination with Acute Ghrelin Injection, Abolishes the Expression of Fear‐Potentiated Startle in Male Rats
Authors: Toufexis D. J. , Lipatova O. , Johnson A. C. , Abizaid A. 
Published: October 2016

Food restriction has been reported to reduce anxiety‐like behaviour in male rats, whereas the effects of food restriction on anxiety in female rats are less clear. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone produced and secreted in the stomach that stimulates food intake and is considered to play a role in reward and emotional responses such as fear expression. Under food restriction, endogenous ghrelin levels increase. In the present study, we examined the effect of moderate food restriction (80% of ad libitum fed weight), with or without an acute application of a small dose of exogenous ghrelin intended to cause an immediate hunger response, on the expression of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR). This was carried out under basal conditions (baseline ASR to 90‐ and 95‐dB noise bursts), and in the presence of a light cue associated with a mild foot‐shock, as measured by fear‐potentiated startle, which compares the proportional change in ASR in the presence of the conditioned stimulus. The results obtained show that food‐restriction reduces basal ASR in both male and female rats, apart from any concomitant change in motor activity, suggesting that food‐restriction reduces anxiety levels in both sexes. In addition, the data show that food‐restriction reduces fear‐potentiated startle in male but not female rats. Acute ghrelin injection, prior to fear‐potentiated startle testing, eliminates the expression of fear‐potentiated startle in food‐restricted male rats alone, suggesting a role for ghrelin in the reduction of fear expression in food‐restricted male rats. These data imply that, although food‐restriction decreases anxiety in both sexes, learned fear responses remain intact after food‐restriction in female but not male rats.
The “Grand Medium”: An Edwardsean Modification of Thomas Aquinas on the Beatific Vision
Authors: Boersma Hans 
Published: October 2016

AbstractJonathan Edwards's understanding of the beatific vision, which draws on Neoplatonist metaphysics, marks a modification of views that became dominant in the Western Church through the rise of Aristotelian anthropology as articulated in the theology of Thomas Aquinas. Edwards's account treats the resurrection of the body as significant, even indispensable for the deifying vision of God. It is also an account that regards Christ—the “grand medium” of the visio dei—as the consummate theophanic appearance of God. And it is, finally, an account that takes seriously the infinite progress of the vision of God, beginning in this life, continuing in the intermediate state, and on into the eternity of the resurrection.
Jackhammer esophagus: Observations on a European cohort
Authors: Herregods T. V. K. , Smout A. J. P. M. , Ooi J. L. S. , Sifrim D. , Bredenoord A. J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundWith the advent of high‐resolution manometry (HRM), a new diagnosis, jackhammer esophagus, was introduced. Little is known about this rare condition, and the relationship between symptoms and hypercontractility is not always straightforward. The aim of our study was to describe a large cohort of patients with jackhammer esophagus and to investigate whether manometric findings are associated with the presence of symptoms.MethodsAll patients from 06, 2014 until 12, 2015 seen at two tertiary centers with at least one hypercontractile swallow (distal contractile integral [DCI] >8000 mm Hg/s/cm) on HRM were analyzed. Patients with ≥20% premature swallows, or patients with another diagnosis explaining their symptoms were excluded.Key ResultsOf the 34 patients identified with jackhammer esophagus, most suffered from dysphagia (67.6%) and/or chest pain (47.1%). The symptom chest pain was not associated with any of the manometric findings, whereas dysphagia was associated with the DCI of the hypercontractile swallows and with intrabolus pressure. In addition, all patients who had an isolated DCI of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) zone >2000 mm Hg/s/cm had dysphagia. The differences in HRM and clinical characteristics between subgroups based on the contraction type (single‐ or multi‐peaked) or based on meeting criteria of the Chicago Classification v3.0 and v2.0 were limited.Conclusions & InferencesThe symptom dysphagia is accompanied with strong contractions of the LES, signs of a possible outflow obstruction, and a very high DCI. The presence of a multipeaked contraction seems to be of limited relevance, and caution is warranted in labeling patients with one hypercontractile swallow as normal.
Water transport and energy
Authors: Fricke Wieland 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWater transport in plants occurs along various paths and is driven by gradients in its free energy. It is generally considered that the mode of transport, being either diffusion or bulk flow, is a passive process, although energy may be required to sustain the forces driving water flow. This review aims at putting water flow at the various organisational levels (cell, organ, plant) in the context of the energy that is required to maintain these flows. In addition, the question is addressed (1) whether water can be transported against a difference in its chemical free energy, ‘water potential’ (Ψ), through, directly or indirectly, active processes; and (2) whether the energy released when water is flowing down a gradient in its energy, for example during day‐time transpiration and cell expansive growth, is significant compared to the energy budget of plant and cell. The overall aim of review is not so much to provide a definite ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ to these questions, but rather to stimulate discussion and raise awareness that water transport in plants has its real, associated, energy costs and potential energy gains.
Modeling startle eyeblink electromyogram to assess fear learning
Authors: Khemka Saurabh , Tzovara Athina , Gerster Samuel , Quednow Boris B. , Bach Dominik R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPavlovian fear conditioning is widely used as a laboratory model of associative learning in human and nonhuman species. In this model, an organism is trained to predict an aversive unconditioned stimulus from initially neutral events (conditioned stimuli, CS). In humans, fear memory is typically measured via conditioned autonomic responses or fear‐potentiated startle. For the latter, various analysis approaches have been developed, but a systematic comparison of competing methodologies is lacking. Here, we investigate the suitability of a model‐based approach to startle eyeblink analysis for assessment of fear memory, and compare this to extant analysis strategies. First, we build a psychophysiological model (PsPM) on a generic startle response. Then, we optimize and validate this PsPM on three independent fear‐conditioning data sets. We demonstrate that our model can robustly distinguish aversive (CS+) from nonaversive stimuli (CS‐, i.e., has high predictive validity). Importantly, our model‐based approach captures fear‐potentiated startle during fear retention as well as fear acquisition. Our results establish a PsPM‐based approach to assessment of fear‐potentiated startle, and qualify previous peak‐scoring methods. Our proposed model represents a generic startle response and can potentially be used beyond fear conditioning, for example, to quantify affective startle modulation or prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response.
Parent–child negative emotion reciprocity and children's school success: An emotion‐attention process model
Authors: Moed Anat , Gershoff Elizabeth T. , Eisenberg Nancy , Hofer Claire , Losoya Sandra , Spinrad Tracy L. , Liew Jeffrey 
Published: October 2016

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that emotions expressed in parent–child relationships are associated with children's school success. Yet the types of emotional expressions, and the mechanisms by which emotional expressions are linked with children's success in school, are unclear. In the present article, we focused on negative emotion reciprocity in parent–child interactions. Using structural equation modeling of data from 138 parent to child dyads [children's mean age at Time 1 (T1) was 13.44 years, SD = 1.16], we tested children's negative emotionality (CNE) at T1 and low attention focusing (LAF) at Time 2 (T2) as sequential mediators in the relation between parent and child negative emotion reciprocity at T1 and children's grade point average (GPA) and inhibitory control at T2. Our findings supported an emotion‐attention process model: parent–child negative emotion reciprocity at T1 predicted CNE at T1, which predicted children's LAF at T2, which was, in turn, related to low inhibitory control at T2. Findings regarding children's GPA were less conclusive but did suggest an overall association of negative reciprocity and the two mediators with children's GPA. Our findings are discussed in terms of emotion regulation processes in children from negatively reciprocating dyads, and the effects of these processes on children's ability to obtain and use skills needed for success in school.
Does the desire to conform to peers moderate links between popularity and indirect victimization in early adolescence?
Authors: Closson Leanna M. , Hart Nicole C. , Hogg Leslie D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study of 426 Canadian early adolescents (Mage = 12.52; 53% girls) investigated whether associations between popularity and indirect victimization (i.e., reputational victimization, exclusion) varied as a function of gender and the desire to conform to characteristics and competencies that are valued within the peer group (i.e., peer conformity goals). Regression analyses revealed popularity was uniquely and positively associated with reputational victimization, but was not significantly related to exclusion after accounting for the effects of meanness and likeability. The associations between popularity and indirect victimization were moderated by peer conformity goals and gender. The results indicated that popular girls with high peer conformity goals experienced more reputational victimization and exclusion than popular girls with low peer conformity goals. However, popular boys with high peer conformity goals experienced less exclusion than popular boys with low peer conformity goals. The findings suggest that peer conformity goals carry with them some risks for popular girls, but may serve a protective function for popular boys.
Targeting Social Assistance: Dibao and Institutional Alienation in Rural China
Authors: Li Mianguan , Walker Robert 
Published: October 2016

AbstractChina's Dibao (Minimal Living Security System) is the world's biggest cash social assistance system serving 52 million people. However, Dibao is less effective at alleviating poverty in rural areas than should it be. The analytic concepts of targeting and institutional alienation (the mismatch between stated goals and true functioning) are applied in a village case‐study to understand why. It appears that Dibao reaches some people considered self‐evidently to be needy, but funds are diverted for purposes of rural governance and social control (reward, punishment and deterrence) and personal gain. Although culturally framed, the concepts and findings potentially have relevance to the global South and North.
Overexpression of MsDREB6.2 results in cytokinin‐deficient developmental phenotypes and enhances drought tolerance in transgenic apple plants
Authors: Liao Xiong , Guo Xiao , Wang Qi , Wang Yantao , Zhao Di , Yao Liping , Wang Shuang , Liu Guojie , Li Tianhong 
Published: October 2016

SummaryDehydration‐responsive element binding factors (DREBs) play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress signaling pathways in model plants. However, little is known about the function of DREBs in apple (Malus × domestica), a widely cultivated crop that is frequently threatened by drought. We isolated a DREB gene from Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) Roem., MsDREB6.2, and investigated its functions using overexpression analysis and chimeric repressor gene‐silencing technology (CRES‐T). We identified possible target genes of the protein encoded by MsDREB6.2 using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Overexpression of MsDREB6.2 increased the expression of a key cytokinin (CK) catabolism gene, MdCKX4a, which led to a significant reduction in endogenous CK levels, and caused a decrease in shoot:root ratio in transgenic apple plants. Overexpression of MsDREB6.2 resulted in a decrease in stomatal aperture and density and an increase in root hydraulic conductance (L0), and thereby enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic plants. Furthermore, manipulating the level of MsDREB6.2 expression altered the expression of two aquaporin (AQP) genes. The effect of the two AQP genes on L0 was further characterized using the AQP inhibitor HgCl2. Based on these observations, we conclude that MsDREB6.2 enhances drought tolerance and that its function may be due, at least in part, to its influence on stomatal opening, root growth, and AQP expression. These results may have applications in apple rootstock breeding programs aimed at developing drought‐resistant apple varieties.