bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of acclimation and diapause on the cold tolerance of Trogoderma granarium
Authors: Wilches D.M. , Laird R.A. , Floate K.D. , Fields P.G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractKhapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is a pest of stored grain in Africa, Asia, and Europe. It is a quarantine insect for much of the rest of the world. Control of T. granarium can be achieved with methyl bromide, but this fumigant is an ozone‐depleting substance and is being phased out worldwide. Thus, there is an urgent need to find new methods of control, including the use of low temperatures. Here, we assess the effects of diapause and cold acclimation on the cold tolerance of T. granarium. The percentage of larvae in diapause increased with larval density, reaching 57.3% when reared at a density of 73 larvae g−1 diet. The cold tolerance of T. granarium was assessed by the supercooling points (SCPs) of various life stages. The SCP of non‐acclimated insects ranged from −26.2 ± 0.2 °C (mean ± SEM) for eggs to −14.4 ± 0.4 °C for larvae. The lowest SCP for larvae, −24.3 ± 0.3 °C, was obtained for diapausing‐acclimated larvae. Based on mean LT50 values, the most cold‐tolerant stage at −10 °C was the diapausing‐acclimated larvae (87 days) followed by non‐diapausing‐acclimated larvae (51 days), diapausing non‐acclimated larvae (19 days), adults (4 days), non‐diapausing non‐acclimated larvae (2 days), pupae (0.4 days), and eggs (0.2 days). The estimated times to obtain 99.9968% mortality (Probit 9) for diapausing‐acclimated larvae are 999, 442, 347, 84, and 15 days at 0, −5, −10, −15, and −20 °C, respectively. Probit 9 is an estimated value used by quarantine experts to estimate conditions that are required to kill all insects. In light of the long exposure time needed to control T. granarium even at −20 °C, cooling to below −27 °C (i.e., below the SCP of eggs) will quickly kill all life stages and may be the best way to control this insect with low temperatures.
Seasonal variation in the activity of selected antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde level in worker honey bees
Authors: Orčić Snežana , Nikolić Tatjana , Purać Jelena , Šikoparija Branko , Blagojević Duško P. , Vukašinović Elvira , Plavša Nada , Stevanović Jevrosima , Kojić Danijela 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe recent decline in managed honey bee populations, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), has caused scientific, ecological, and economic concern. Research into the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidative defense mechanisms, and oxidative stress can contribute to our understanding of bee survival and conservation of this species. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) enzymes together with levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in summer and winter honey bees sampled from three colonies. One colony was stationary (C1), entering the winter period having accumulated Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Fabaceae) honey, and two were migratory (C2 and C3), entering the winter period with mainly Tilia (Malvaceae) and Brassica (Brassicaceae) honey, respectively. Compared to summer workers, winter worker bees had decreased SOD and GST activity, and MDA level, whereas CAT activity increased in all three colonies. We also demonstrated that seasonality is the main factor responsible for changes in antioxidant enzymes and MDA levels in worker honey bees. Overall, our results indicate a difference between summer and winter worker bees, pointing at a reduced level of antioxidant enzyme defenses during overwintering which may be due to a decrease in production of ROS. The decreased levels of MDA measured in winter honey bees confirm this. As ROS are actively used by insects as a defense mechanism to fight pathogens, we suggest that reduced production of ROS contributes to higher susceptibility of winter honey bees to infections and reduced overwinter survival.
Different effects of exogenous jasmonic acid on preference and performance of viruliferous Bemisia tabaci B and Q
Authors: Shi Xiaobin , Pan Huipeng , Xie Wen , Wang Shaoli , Wu Qingjun , Chen Gong , Tian Lixia , Zhou Xuguo , Liu Yong , Zhang Youjun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), B and Q biotypes have caused severe losses to crops and vegetables through virus transmission. Our previous studies showed that Q is more efficient than B in acquisition and transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and viruliferous Q is better equipped than B in counterattacking jasmonic acid (JA)‐related plant defense. To understand how plant‐mediated defensive responses involving JA affect insect vectors within a tritrophic framework of plants, insects, and viruses, we examined the effects of exogenous JA on preference and performance of non‐viruliferous and viruliferous B and Q on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L., Solanaceae). Our results demonstrated a significantly lower fecundity, shorter longevity, shorter developmental time, and lower survival rate of whiteflies on JA‐treated than on control plants. In addition, viruliferous Q performed significantly better than B in fecundity, longevity, developmental time, and survival rate. When given a choice between JA‐treated and control tomato plants, viruliferous Q was not repelled to JA‐treated plants when the JA concentration was 0.01 and 0.1 mm, whereas others all preferred the untreated control plants. Exogenous JA increased the concentration and the composition of plant volatiles, such as α‐terpinene and β‐ocimene, which deterred whiteflies in a Y‐tube bioassay. It is worth noting that Q has a mutualistic relationship with TYLCV to counteract the host defenses. A better understanding of tritrophic interactions between plants, insects, and viruses will facilitate the development of sustainable management of this invasive global pest.
The incidence and significance of periictal apnea in epileptic seizures
Authors: Lacuey Nuria , Zonjy Bilal , Hampson Johnson P. , Rani M. R. Sandhya , Zaremba Anita , Sainju Rup K. , Gehlbach Brian K. , Schuele Stephan , Friedman Daniel , Devinsky Orrin , Nei Maromi , Harper Ronald M. , Allen Luke , Diehl Beate , Millichap John J. , Bateman Lisa , Granner Mark A. , Dragon Deidre N. , Richerson George B. , Lhatoo Samden D. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate periictal central apnea as a seizure semiological feature, its localizing value, and possible relationship with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) pathomechanisms.MethodsWe prospectively studied polygraphic physiological responses, including inductance plethysmography, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), electrocardiography, and video electroencephalography (VEEG) in 473 patients in a multicenter study of SUDEP. Seizures were classified according to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 2017 seizure classification based on the most prominent clinical signs during VEEG. The putative epileptogenic zone was defined based on clinical history, seizure semiology, neuroimaging, and EEG.ResultsComplete datasets were available in 126 patients in 312 seizures. Ictal central apnea (ICA) occurred exclusively in focal epilepsy (51/109 patients [47%] and 103/312 seizures [36.5%]) (P < .001). ICA was the only clinical manifestation in 16/103 (16.5%) seizures, and preceded EEG seizure onset by 8 ± 4.9 s, in 56/103 (54.3%) seizures. ICA ≥60 s was associated with severe hypoxemia (SpO2 <75%). Focal onset impaired awareness (FOIA) motor onset with automatisms and FOA nonmotor onset semiologies were associated with ICA presence (P < .001), ICA duration (P = .002), and moderate/severe hypoxemia (P = .04). Temporal lobe epilepsy was highly associated with ICA in comparison to extratemporal epilepsy (P = .001) and frontal lobe epilepsy (P = .001). Isolated postictal central apnea was not seen; in 3/103 seizures (3%), ICA persisted into the postictal period.SignificanceICA is a frequent, self‐limiting semiological feature of focal epilepsy, often starting before surface EEG onset, and may be the only clinical manifestation of focal seizures. However, prolonged ICA (≥60 s) is associated with severe hypoxemia and may be a potential SUDEP biomarker. ICA is more frequently seen in temporal than extratemporal seizures, and in typical temporal seizure semiologies. ICA rarely persists after seizure end. ICA agnosia is typical, and thus it may remain unrecognized without polygraphic measurements that include breathing parameters.
Reversine inhibits MMP‐1 and MMP‐3 expressions by suppressing of ROS/MAPK/AP‐1 activation in UV‐stimulated human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Mi , Kim Sun young , Noh Eun‐Mi , Song Hyun‐Kyung , Lee Guem‐San , Kwon Kang‐Beom , Lee Young‐Rae 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUVB has been shown to stimulate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently results in the activation of various intracellular signalling pathways and transcription factors (AP‐1, NF‐κB). These transcription factors are regulated by MAPKs, which increase cytokine and MMP expression. We examined the preventive effects of reversine on MMP‐1 and MMP‐3 expressions in NHEKs and NHDFs exposed to UVB irradiation. Also, we confirmed that reversine decreased pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression in NHEKs. The mechanism underlying the MMP inhibitory effects of reversine occurred via the suppression of UVB‐induced ROS generation and MAPK/AP‐1 activation. Therefore, reversine is an effective therapeutic candidate for preventing skin photoageing.
Aging and hypertension decrease endothelial NO‐related dilating function and gamma‐glutamyl transferase activity but not S‐nitrosoglutathione‐induced aortic vasodilation
Authors: Perrin‐Sarrado Caroline , Dahboul Fatima , Leroy Pierre , Lartaud Isabelle 
Published: January 2018

AbstractS‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), which is involved in the transport and the storage of NO, induces vasorelaxation. It requires gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), an enzyme present on the endothelium, to transfer NO into the cell. We evaluated whether aging and hypertension, which induce NO‐related dilating dysfunction, are associated with decreased vascular GGT activity and modify the vasorelaxant effect of GSNO. Thoracic aortic rings isolated from male spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar‐Kyoto rats (WKY) aged 20–22 (adult) or 57–60 weeks (mature) were preconstricted with phenylephrine, then submitted to concentration‐vasorelaxant response curves (maximal response: Emax; pD2) to GSNO and carbachol (the latter to measure NO‐related dilating function). GGT activity was measured using chromogenic substrate. Both aging and hypertension lowered Emax values for carbachol (Emax −8% in adult SHR, −42% in mature SHR vs. age‐matched WKY, page and phypertension < 0.05) demonstrating NO‐related dilating dysfunction. Aortic GGT activity also decreased with aging and hypertension (−22% in adult and −75%, reaching 3 nmol/min/g of tissue, in mature SHR vs. 12 in age‐matched WKY and 23 in adult WKY, page and phypertension < 0.05). The pD2 values of GSNO were similar in mature SHR and WKY but higher in adult SHR (pinteraction < 0.05). Aging in hypertensive rats decreased NO‐related vasorelaxant function and vascular GGT activity, but did not lower the vasorelaxant response to GSNO. This opens perspectives for GSNO‐based therapeutics restoring nitric oxide bioavailability and vascular protection in a context of endothelial dysfunction.
Preferential distribution of fish larvae in the California Current System: Time, space, and temperature
Authors: Bautista‐Romero J. Jesús , Funes‐Rodríguez Rene , Jiménez‐Rosenberg Sylvia P. A. , Lluch‐Cota Daniel B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe preferential larval distributions of 22 fish species in the California Current System were identified in their temporal, spatial, and thermal domains using single parameter quotient analysis. This analysis allowed the characterization of their reproductive habitats based on ranges of preference, tolerance, and avoidance. In the temporal domain, the species’ preference intervals were wider than those previously reported, and all species showed preferences during two or more seasons of the year. In the spatial domain, the preferential distributions of the species were also wider, and some of them had different preferred zones from those described in previous works. Because one group of species was preferably distributed in coastal zones, and the other group was preferably distributed in oceanic zones, the biological production mechanisms sustaining these groups differ, namely, coastal upwelling and geostrophic fluxes of subarctic origin, respectively. In the thermal domain, the larval distribution preferences of 20 of 22 species have been determined for the first time, providing important information on their thermal tolerance window during the larval stage, a window that changes in width throughout each of the ontogenetic stages of fish. The distribution in each domain suggests association patterns between species, but additional studies are necessary to validate these patterns.
Staff preparedness for providing palliative and end‐of‐life care in long‐term care homes: Instrument development and validation
Authors: Chan Helen YL , Chun Gloria KM , Man CW , Leung Edward MF 
Published: January 2018

AimAlthough much attention has been on integrating the palliative care approach into services of long‐term care homes for older people living with frailty and progressive diseases, little is known about the staff preparedness for these new initiatives. The present study aimed to develop and test the psychometric properties of an instrument for measuring care home staff preparedness in providing palliative and end‐of‐life care.MethodsA 16‐item instrument, covering perceived knowledge, skill and psychological readiness, was developed. A total of 247 staff members of different ranks from four care homes participated in the study. Exploratory factor analysis using the principal component analysis extraction method with varimax rotation was carried out for initial validation. Known group comparison was carried out to examine its discriminant validity. Reliability of the instrument was assessed based on test–retest reliability of a subsample of 20 participants and the Cronbach's alpha of the items.ResultsExploratory factor analysis showed that the instrument yielded a three‐factor solution, which cumulatively accounted for 68.5% of the total variance. Three subscales, namely, willingness, capability and resilience, showed high internal consistency and test–retest reliability. It also showed good discriminant validity between staff members of professional and non‐professional groups.ConclusionsThis is a brief, valid and reliable scale for measuring care home staff preparedness for providing palliative and end‐of‐life care. It can be used to identify their concerns and training needs in providing palliative and end‐of‐life care, and as an outcome measure to evaluate the effects of interventional studies for capacity building in this regard. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 745–749
Development and validation of a scoring system to predict progression to acute‐on‐chronic liver failure in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Ren Yi , Liu Lulu , Li Ying , Yang Fangwan , He Yihuai , Zhu Yanping , Hu Xinxin , Lin Shide 
Published: January 2018

AimThe aim of this study was to develop and validate a scoring system to predict the progression to acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) in patients with acute exacerbation (AE) of chronic hepatitis B (CHB).MethodsThe baseline characteristics of 474 patients with AE of CHB were retrospectively reviewed; 280 and 194 patients were randomly assigned to the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. Univariate risk factors associated with ACLF development were entered into a multivariate logistic regression. The score model was established, and its predictive value was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUROC).ResultsHepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, international normalized ratio (INR) of prothrombin time, and patient age were identified as independent risk factors associated with progressing to ACLF. The prediction model was established as R = −13.323 + 0.553 × log HBV‐DNA (copies/mL) + 3.631× INR + 0.053 × age. The AUROCs of our prediction model were higher than those of the Model for End‐stage Liver Disease (MELD) and MELD‐sodium (Na) for both cohorts. At the cut‐off value of −2.43, our prediction model had higher sensitivity (87.5%), specificity (73.6%), positive predictive value (23.0%), positive likelihood ratio (3.30), and lower negative likelihood ratio (0.17) in the validation cohort than those of MELD and MELD‐Na.ConclusionThe independent risk factors associated with progressing to ACLF in patients with AE of CHB are HBV‐DNA, INR, and age. Our risk prediction model is useful for predicting the development of ACLF.
Neglect of attention to reproductive health in women with HIV infection: contraceptive use and unintended pregnancies in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Authors: Aebi‐Popp K , Mercanti V , Voide C , Nemeth J , Cusini A , Jakopp B , Nicca D , Rasi M , Bruno A , Calmy A , Martinez de Tejada B ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesWomen with HIV infection are mainly of reproductive age and need safe, effective and affordable contraception to avoid unintended pregnancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate contraceptive use and unintended pregnancies in this population in Switzerland.MethodsA self‐report anonymous questionnaire on contraceptive methods, adherence to them, and unintended pregnancies was completed by women included in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) between November 2013 and June 2014. Sociodemographic characteristics and information related to combined antiretroviral therapy and HIV disease status were obtained from the SHCS database.ResultsOf 462 women included, 164 (35.5%) reported not using any contraception. Among these, 65 (39.6%) reported being sexually active, although 29 (44.6%) were not planning a pregnancy. Of 298 women using contraception, the following methods were reported: condoms, 219 (73.5%); oral hormonal contraception, 32 (10.7%); and intrauterine devices, 28 (9.4%). Among all women on contraception, 32 (10.7%) reported using more than one contraceptive method and 48 (16%) had an unintended pregnancy while on contraception (18, condoms; 16, oral contraception; four, other methods). Of these, 68.1% terminated the pregnancy and almost half (43.7%) continued using the same contraceptive method after the event.ConclusionsFamily planning needs in HIV‐positive women are not fully addressed because male condoms remained the predominant reported contraceptive method, with a high rate of unintended pregnancies. It is of utmost importance to provide effective contraception such as long‐acting reversible contraceptives for women living with HIV.
Teaching & Learning Tips 4: Motivation and emotion in learning
Authors: Lemoine Elizabeth R. , Nassim Janelle S. , Rana Jasmine , Burgin Susan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChallenge: Trainees’ motivational and emotional states can influence their learning and career decisions, but historically these “affective” learning factors have received little attention in medical education. In this “Tips” piece, we outline strategies to positively influence trainees’ intrinsic motivation and emotion toward their training to ultimately enhance their overall learning experience.
Gender‐specific risk factors for androgenetic alopecia in the Korean general population: Associations with medical comorbidities and general health behaviors
Authors: Kim Bo‐Kyung , Choe Sung Jay , Chung Hee‐Chul , Oh Sung‐Soo , Lee Won‐Soo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe relationships between androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and various factors related to metabolic syndrome have been demonstrated in previous studies. However, it remains unclear because of inconsistent results. We investigated the associations between AGA and various risk factors related to metabolic syndrome according to gender.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cross‐sectional survey of 2028 Koreans (1050 men, 978 women). The basic and specific (BASP) classification was used for diagnosis of AGA. We collected information on risk factors though questionnaires and medical records.ResultsAGA was significantly associated with age, family history of AGA, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and waist circumference in both genders. Female subjects with AGA were more likely to have cerebrovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and obesity; however, these associations were not observed in the male subjects. When multiple regression analysis was applied, there was a significant relationship between hypertension and AGA in male subjects. However, there was no statistically significant association in female subjects.ConclusionThe different results according to gender might arise from different mechanisms of AGA. There was a significant relationship between hypertension and AGA in male subjects. Evaluation of blood pressure in male patients with AGA might facilitate interventions for hypertension.
Wolbachia‐induced transcription factor GATA4 suppresses ovary‐specific genes blastoderm‐specific protein 25D and imaginal disc growth factor
Authors: Osei‐Amo S. , Hussein M. , Asad S. , Hugo L. , Asgari S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia infects a wide array of insect hosts and has been implicated in a range of biological modifications as a consequence of its infection. Previously, it was shown that the transcription factor GATA4 was significantly induced in Wolbachia wMelPop‐CLA strain infected Aedes aegypti whole mosquitoes and cells. Here, we provide evidence that this induction also occurs in mosquito ovaries where the ovary‐specific genes blastoderm‐specific protein 25D (Bsg25D) and imaginal disc growth factor (Disc) are suppressed by Wolbachia. We further demonstrate that transcriptional depletion of GATA4 results in upregulation of both genes and conversely its overexpression leads to downregulation of the genes, suggesting that Wolbachia‐induced GATA4 plays a suppressive regulatory role with regards to Bsg25D and Disc expression in mosquito ovaries. When the Disc gene was silenced in mosquitoes, we did not observe any difference in the number of mature ovarian follicles developed between treatment groups. However, we did find a significant delay in the hatching of eggs that had been laid by Disc knockdown mosquitoes.