bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zum Vorschlag der EU-Kommission für eine neue Urheberrechtsrichtlinie
Authors: Kuhlen Rainer 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Europäische Kommission hat mit Datum 14. September 2016 einen (derzeit stark kontrovers diskutierten) Vorschlag für eine neue Urheberrechtsrichtlinie „On Copyright in the Digital Single Market“ (COM(2016) 593 final) vorgelegt. Dies ist keine Ersetzung der bestehenden Richtlinien, insbesondere nicht der alten InfoSoc-Richtlinie von 2001. Vielmehr wird eine Vielzahl neuer Schrankenregelungen vorgeschlagen (z. B. für grenzüberschreitende Ausbildung, TDM, Gedächtnisorganisationen, Bibliotheken, Leistungsschutzrecht für Presseverleger) die jetzt weitgehend obligatorisch für eine Umsetzung in das jeweils nationale Recht der Mitgliedsländer sein sollen. In diesem Beitrag steht die Frage im Zentrum, inwieweit der jetzige Vorschlag allgemein zu einer Verbesserung der Nutzungssituation für Wissen und Information in Bildung und Wissenschaft führen kann.
Opening Scholarly Communication in Social Sciences by Connecting Collaborative Authoring to Peer Review
Authors: Sadeghi Afshin , Wilm Johannes , Mayr Philipp , Lange Christoph 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe objective of the OSCOSS research project on “Opening Scholarly Communication in the Social Sciences” is to build a coherent collaboration environment that facilitates scholarly communication workflows of social scientists in the roles of authors, reviewers, editors and readers. This paper presents the implementation of the core of this environment: the integration of the Fidus Writer academic word processor with the Open Journal Systems (OJS) submission and review management system.
Homeostatic Agent for General Environment
Authors: Yoshida Naoto 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
One of the essential aspect in biological agents is dynamic stability. This aspect, called homeostasis, is widely discussed in ethology, neuroscience and during the early stages of artificial intelligence. Ashby’s homeostats are general-purpose learning machines for stabilizing essential variables of the agent in the face of general environments. However, despite their generality, the original homeostats couldn’t be scaled because they searched their parameters randomly. In this paper, first we re-define the objective of homeostats as the maximization of a multi-step survival probability from the view point of sequential decision theory and probabilistic theory. Then we show that this optimization problem can be treated by using reinforcement learning algorithms with special agent architectures and theoretically-derived intrinsic reward functions. Finally we empirically demonstrate that agents with our architecture automatically learn to survive in a given environment, including environments with visual stimuli. Our survival agents can learn to eat food, avoid poison and stabilize essential variables through theoretically-derived single intrinsic reward formulations.
The first record of a potential pest Orientus ishidae (Matsumura, 1902) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Poland
Authors: Klejdysz Tomasz , Zwolińska Agnieszka , Walczak Marcin , Kobiałka Michał 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This study provides the first data on the occurrence of the mosaic leafhopper Orientus ishidae (Matsumura, 1902) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Poland. This species is native to Southeast Asia, adventive in Europe and feeds on cultivated plants. Orientus ishidae is a well-known carrier of Grapevine flavescence doree phytoplasma which causes the grapevine yellows disease. Symptoms of phytoplasma diseases of grapevine include deformations, leaf chlorosis and withering of plants. The appearance of this species in Poland might be caused by observed climate variations and insufficient plant health controls in the international trade of plants.
A strategy of chemical control of Apera spica-venti L. resistant to sulfonylureas traced on the molecular level
Authors: Stankiewicz-Kosyl Marta , Wrochna Mariola , Salas Maria , Gawronski Stanislaw Waldemar 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Three populations of silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti L.) were tested – one that is susceptible and two that are resistant to sulfonylureas. This study assessed the efficacy of control by different herbicides in a pot experiment and estimated the molecular status of resistance to sulfonylureas in analysed populations and its effect on the efficacy of different chemical treatments. The three most effective herbicide rotation schemes were: 1) chlorsulfuron + isoproturon, ethametsulfuron + metazachlor + quinmerac, chlorsulfuron + isoproturon; 2) prosulfocarb + diflufenican, ethametsulfuron + quizalofop-p-ethyl, prosulfocarb + diflufenican; 3) diflufenican + flufenacet, quizalofop-p-ethyl, diflufenican + flufenacet. In most cases it was more difficult to destroy 100% of the resistant population from Modgarby where the majority of plants had no mutation in the als gene. In the resistant population from Babin there were significantly more individuals with mutation in the als gene, therefore exhibiting target-site resistance.
Pode Sustentar-se o Argumento de Que Exista uma Dialéctica Quântica da Natureza?
Authors: Machado Lino 
Published: June 2017

Resumo
Autores como os físicos Léon Rosenfeld, Gerald Holton e Franco Selleri, bem como o filósofo Miguel Reale perceberam já que, no interior da mecânica quântica, o princípio da complementaridade de Niels Bohr pode ser aproximado á noção filosófica de dialéctica (numa perspectiva não hegeliana, entretanto). Além de buscar contribuir para robustecer tal linha de interpretaoção do famoso principío bohriano, neste paper tentaremos compreender dialecticamente a relaoção de Louis de Broglie e a de desigualdade de Werner Heisenberg. Por fim, argumentaremos a favor de um enfoque realista do principío em causa.
Monitoring health inequalities at the municipal level: Lithuanian experience
Authors: Kaseliene Snieguole , Mesceriakova-Veliuliene Olga , Vladickiene Jurgita , Kalediene Ramune , Seseikaite Neringa , Stankunas Mindaugas 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the attitudes of Lithuanian public health professionals towards health inequality monitoring in municipalities.
The survey was conducted in public health bureaus (PHBs) and administrations of municipalities in March 2015. All employees of PHBs, all municipal doctors and all employees of health departments were invited to participate in the study (N=318; response rate, 47.2%).
The study participants had positive attitudes towards the importance of health inequality monitoring at the municipal level, meanwhile systematic health inequality monitoring was assessed moderately. The majority of the interviewed professionals working at PHBs and municipalities (91.4% and 88.2%, respectively) declared that health indicators were monitored and analysed in their institutions. The respondents acknowledged the importance of routine monitoring of health indicators for assessment of inequalities, but these indicators were not monitored systematically in every municipality and PHB. Public health professionals identified the following measures for better health inequality monitoring: to strengthen intersectoral collaboration, formulate specific objectives of health programmes, promote actions in reducing health inequalities.

Conclusions
Public health professionals working at the municipal level outlined the importance of monitoring and reducing health inequalities. However, health inequality monitoring at the municipal level was considered as insufficient.
Role of Epstein-Barr virus in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Jing , Yu Dan , Liu Yan , Xue Kai , Zhao Xue 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSouthern China experiences larger extent of total cancer pathologies, of which nasopharyngeal carcinoma has the highest incidence under otorhinolaryngeal malignant carcinomas. Risk factor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma varies from hereditary causes to virus infection, among which Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is the mostly investigated. The study into mechanism of EBV in occurrence, development and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been studied for several decades. The pathophysiology in making of EBV into a cancerogen includes proteins as latent membrane protein 1 (LMPs) and nucleic acids as micro-RNAs. In this paper, we reviewed till date studies focusing on relationship between EBV and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
A note on residuated po-groupoids and lattices with antitone involutions
Authors: Chajda Ivan , Kühr Jan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Following [BOTUR, M.—CHAJDA, I.—HALAŠ, R.: Are basic algebras residuated structures?, Soft Comput. 14 (2010), 251—255] we discuss the connections between left-residuated partially ordered groupoids and the so-called basic algebras, which are a non-commutative and non-associative generalization of MV-algebras and orthomodular lattices.
On O’Malley ϱ-upper continuous functions
Authors: Kowalczyk Stanisław , Nowakowska Katarzyna 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In the paper we present some properties of functions which are ϱ-upper continuous in O’Malley’s sense. Connections with the standard ϱ-upper continuous functions are studied and the maximal additive class and the maximal multiplicative class for this family of functions are described.
Oscillation of neutral second order half-linear differential equations without commutativity in deviating arguments
Authors: Fišnarová Simona , Mařík Robert 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this paper we derive oscillation criteria for the second order half-linear neutral differential equation

[

r
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Φ
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z
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c
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x
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σ
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=
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,

z
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b
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$$ \displaystyle \Bigl[r(t)\Phi(z'(t))\Bigr]'+c(t)\Phi(x(\sigma(t)))=0, \quad z(t)=x(t)+b(t)x(\tau(t)), $$

where Φ(t) = |t|
p−2
t, p ≥ 2, is a power type nonlinearity. We improve recent results published in the literature by obtaining better oscillation constants and removing the usual condition σ(τ(t)) = τ(σ(t)). Two methods (comparison method and Riccati equation method) are used.
On support, separation and decomposition theorems fort-Wright-concave functions
Authors: Olbryś Andrzej 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the present paper we prove a separation theorem fort-Wright convex andt-Wright concave functionals. We also consider the problem of supporting thet-Wright concave functions byt-Wright affine ones. As a consequence of these results we prove some decomposition theorems fort-Wright convex functions.
Oligosaccharide ligand tuning in design of third generation carbohydrate pneumococcal vaccines
Authors: Tsvetkov Yury E. , Gening Marina L. , Kurbatova Ekaterina A. , Akhmatova Nelly K. , Nifantiev Nikolay E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause many types of dangerous infectious diseases such as otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis and others that are more common in the very young and very old age. Available to date commercial vaccines based on capsular polysaccharides of S. pneumoniae of clinically important strains (first generation carbohydrate vaccines) and conjugated vaccines based on these polysaccharides (second generation carbohydrate vaccines) have certain limitations in protective efficiency. However, the efficiency of vaccines can be increased by the use of third generation vaccines based on synthetic oligosaccharide ligands representing in their structures the protective epitopes of capsular polysaccharides. The proper choice of an optimal oligosaccharide ligand is the most important step in the design of third generation carbohydrate vaccines. Herein we overview our works on the synthesis of three oligosaccharides corresponding to one, “one and a half” and two repeating units of S. pneumoniae type 14 capsular polysaccharide, immunogenic conjugates thereof and comparative immunological study of their conjugates with bovine serum albumin, which was used as a model protein carrier. The ability of obtained products to raise antibodies specific to capsular polysaccharide and homologous oligosaccharides, the induction of phagocytosis by immune antisera and active protection of immunized animals from S. pneumoniae type 14 infection were evaluated. On the basis of the results obtained tetrasaccharide comprising the repeating unit of S. pneumoniae type 14 capsular polysaccharide is an optimal carbohydrate ligand to be used as a part of the third generation carbohydrate pneumococcal vaccine.
The Paradigm of Unity in the Science and Culture
Authors: Grochmal Stanislaw 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The paradigm of unity is a response to the contemporary needs of society; it shows a new way of looking at social and cultural processes, in positive and creative aspects, giving the hope to solve many problems of the modern world. It constitutes a methodological basis for building both the theoretical models and application schemas, also reveals the directions of the empirical research (Biela, 1996).
The paper presents the importance of the paradigm of unity for science and modern culture, particularly in relation to the social sciences, its characteristics and applications in several disciplines, as well as a chance to emerge from the current crisis of civilization based on this paradigm.
An Interpretative Concept for Social Sciences: Agapic Love as a Framework for Poverty
Authors: Cataldi Silvia , Gallelli Andrea , Iorio Gennaro 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Why sometimes people use their own resources to help unknown others? What drives an entrepreneur to adopt expensive socially responsible behaviours? What prompts a public employee to spend time with a customer outside the working hours?
In every-day life there many social phenomena based on un-conditionality, disinterestedness, over abound. Such phenomena remain outside the field of explanation of approaches such as rational choice theory or neo-utilitarianism, being described as paradoxes of social action. But also solidarity or gift theories do not provide sufficient explanation for phenomena in which group identity or social ties are not the main motivations of action.
Drawing from critical theories, we propose to (re)introduce the sociological concept of agape-love as a theoretical frame for those social mechanisms that elude reification, quantifiability, instrumental thinking. Agape-love, as formerly introduced by Luc Boltanski (1990), is focused on the present, avoiding any consequence calculation, refuses comparison and equivalence, does not involve reciprocity. According to Boltanski, agape must remain unaware for social agents, as any intentionality would lead action away from pure disinterestedness. We propose to reconceptualise agape, integrating it with theoretical insights by different social scientists (such as Honneth and Sorokin), with new reflexive and institutional accounts, and provide it with empirical foundation (Iorio, 2014).
We present the case of “suspended goods” and read it with the look of agape. It is a relatively recent practice widespread in various fields (examples are suspended groceries, suspended books, suspended holidays) that consists in purchasing goods or services, which will be actually consumed by others who cannot afford them.
This is a case of informal or popular welfare for needy people. Starting from this case study the authors will reflect on poverty, wondering if it is possible an action of aid toward poor which is not based on labelling and submission (Simmel 1908/1965).
We argue that agape is a powerful concept, capable of linking micro and macro levels, useful both to enlighten agents’ motivations in apparent nonrational (choice) situations, but also to describe the aggregate effects of collective behaviours that produce alternative economic regimes or welfare systems.
Becoming a Person of Dialogue
Authors: Williams Stacy A. S. , O’Donnell Nancy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIt is imperative that Social Sciences examine in depth the underlying issues in human relations that have contributed to divisions among persons, within families, institutions, between nations and religions. If we accept that dialogue is the main currency of statecraft, diplomacy, negotiation, mediation and peacebuilding (Rieker and Turn 2015), then we need to ask ourselves, what are the characteristics of a person capable of engaging in dialogue? Are they characteristics that can be taught? Are they characteristics that make us human?In his book “Relational Being” Gergen (2009) warns of the dire consequences we face if we continue on the pathway of “rugged individualism”. He explains how our relationships have become instruments for our own satisfaction. From Freud to Skinner, psychology has described human relationships as being primarily about seeking the greatest pleasure from others. But, the so-called “freedom” that we achieve gives us a satisfaction that is transitory at best. “Freedom contains an emptiness that only relationship can fill” (Gergen, 2009, p. 20). It is essential that we find the path to discovering the true meaning of relationship and more importantly cross-racial/ethnic relationships.Jean Baker Miller described what she termed “growth-fostering relationships” (Miller, 1986), and Chodorow (2001) has developed a theory regarding development suggesting that women develop along a relational pathway whereas men follow the developmental phases that move them toward autonomy. These theorists, and others, view the relational trait to be particularly characteristic of women. A more comprehensive understanding of the nature of the human person can be attained only by taking into consideration both autonomy and relational ability as equally important.Capacity for dialogue, therefore, is an important contribution that women bring to the world stage. Women from traditionally marginalized groups offer an essential and unique perspective to this topic due to their understanding of the role of power in the dynamics of relationships. To foster cross-cultural dialogue it is important to examine the power dynamics of what it means to be honest, empathetic and collaborative across cultures.In this discussion, the authors draw upon the fields of technology, child development, feminism, and the social justice literature in an attempt to articulate the benefits of dialogue. It is far from exhaustive and provides a cursory purview of this challenging topic. It is an example of how integration among different theories can help move our literature forward in understanding a challenging topic as dialogue. It also offers a perspective on how men and women can grow in their relationship building ability, and therefore ability to dialogue, by embracing characteristics like being vulnerable, cooperative, selfless, and nurturing, relating this to the teachings of Chiara Lubich.
Static Balance of Visually Impaired Athletes in Open and Closed Skill Sports
Authors: Bednarczuk Grzegorz , Wiszomirska Ida , Marszałek Jolanta , Rutkowska Izabela , Skowroński Waldemar 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Introduction. In elite sport, athletes are required to maintain appropriate body posture control despite a number of destabilising factors. The functions of body posture control are monitored by the central nervous system that constantly receives information from the vestibular and somatosensory systems as well as from the visual analyser. Visual impairment may contribute to a decrease in the level of motor abilities and skills; however, it does not prevent visually impaired individuals from taking up physical activity. Therefore, this study sought to assess the static balance of visually impaired goalball players and shooters. Material and methods. The study included 37 goalball players and 20 shooters. A force platform was used to assess static balance. The study participants performed tests: standing on both feet with eyes open (BFEO) and closed (BFEC) (30 s), single left- and right-leg stance with eyes open (SLEO and SREO) as well as single left- and right-leg stance with eyes closed (SLEC and SREC). Statistical analyses were carried out using the following parameters: centre of pressure (CoP) path length [cm], CoP velocity [m/s], and the surface area of the stabilogram [cm2]. Results. No significant differences were found between goalball players and shooters in static balance levels. However, such differences were observed after taking into account the number of athletes who were capable of performing particular tests. Conclusions. The findings indirectly confirm that there is a correlation between the type of physical activity and balance levels in visually impaired individuals. Further research ought to include tests performed on an unstable surface.
Chinese Tourists in Cracow, Poland: Their Profile, Expectations, and Perceptions
Authors: Guszkiewicz Paulina , Nessel Karolina 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Introduction. In 2012, China became the largest spender in international tourism, benefiting many destinations worldwide. Even if for Poland it is not an important source market yet, the Polish authorities have undertaken some marketing activities in China. The main aim of the paper is to explore the profile, motivations, and perceptions of the Chinese tourists visiting Cracow. The secondary aim is to check the effectiveness of the marketing efforts dedicated to the Chinese market undertaken by Poland since 2010. Material and methods. Data for the study (n = 100) were collected using a paper survey in English carried out among mainland Chinese tourists in Cracow in 2015. Results. The Chinese usually visit Poland for the first time, often in transit. They are prompted by the information found online and by word of mouth. Their main reasons to come are tradition, culture, historical sites, landscapes, and low costs. These expectations are well fulfilled, and the tourists′ overall satisfaction is very high. The Chinese find Poland to be different from other Western European countries. For them, Poland is a remarkable, traditional, safe, and developing country. Yet, their knowledge about the destination is limited. The main problem encountered is the language barrier, both online and once on site. The marketing efforts undertaken by Poland in the Chinese market have had weak and ambivalent effects. Conclusions. In order to attract Chinese tourists, there is a need to intensify expenditure not only on promotion (mainly online) but also on the removal of language-based communication problems. There is also scope for expanding the tourist offer dedicated to Chinese tourists - both in Poland and in cooperation with other Central European countries.