bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacology of Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonist in a Humanized Esterase Mouse Seizure Model Following Soman Intoxication
Authors: Shih Tsung-Ming , Munoz Crystal , Acon-Chen Cindy , Keith Zora-Maya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecently a novel genetically modified mouse strain with serum carboxylesterase knocked-out and the human acetylcholinesterase gene knocked-in (KIKO) was created to simulate human responses to nerve agent (NA) exposure and its standard medical treatment. A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) agonist N-bicyclo-(2.2.1)-hept-2-yl-5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine (ENBA) alone is a potent anticonvulsant and neuroprotectant (A/N) in both rat and KIKO mouse soman (GD) seizure models. In this study we utilized the KIKO mouse to evaluate further the basic pharmacologic A/N effects of ENBA as an adjunct to standard NA medical treatments (i.e., atropine sulfate, pralidoxime chloride [2-PAM], and midazolam). Male mice, implanted with cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) electrodes, were pretreated with asoxime (HI-6) and exposed to an epileptogenic dose of GD (33 µg/kg, s.c.) or saline (sham exposure) and then treated 15 min after seizure onset with ENBA at 15 mg/kg, i.p. (a minimum efficacy dose in suppressing NA-induced seizure) alone or as an adjunct to standard medical treatments. We collected EEG activity, seizure suppression outcomes, daily body temperature and weight, heart rate, toxic signs, neuropathology, and lethality data for up to 14 days. Without ENBA, death from NA exposure was 45%, while with ENBA, either alone or in combination with midazolam, the survival improved to 80% and 90%, respectively. Additionally, seizure was suppressed quickly and permanently, toxic signs, hypothermia, and bradycardia recovered by 48 h, and no neuropathology was evident. Our findings confirmed that ENBA is a potent A/N adjunct for delayed medical treatments of NA exposure.
A lightweight self-ensemble feedback recurrent network for fast MRI reconstruction
Authors: Li Juncheng , Yang Hanhui , Lui Lok Ming , Zhang Guixu , Shi Jun , Zeng Tieyong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Improving the speed of MRI acquisition is a key issue in modern medical practice. However, existing deep learning-based methods are often accompanied by a large number of parameters and ignore the use of deep features. In this work, we propose a novel Self-Ensemble Feedback Recurrent Network (SEFRN) for fast MRI reconstruction inspired by recursive learning and ensemble learning strategies. Specifically, a lightweight but powerful Data Consistency Residual Group (DCRG) is proposed for feature extraction and data stabilization. Meanwhile, an efficient Wide Activation Module (WAM) is introduced between different DCRGs to encourage more activated features to pass through the model. In addition, a Feedback Enhancement Recurrent Architecture (FERA) is designed to reuse the model parameters and deep features. Moreover, combined with the specially designed Automatic Selection and Integration Module (ASIM), different stages of the recurrent model can elegantly implement self-ensemble learning and synergize the sub-networks to improve the overall performance. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our model achieves competitive results and strikes a good balance between the size, complexity, and performance of the model.
“They forget that I’m a human being”—ward round communication with older patients living with frailty and informal caregivers: a qualitative study
Authors: Andersen Lene Holst , Løfgren Bo , Skipper Mads , Krogh Kristian , Jensen Rune Dall 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Skilful communication prompts quality patient care. Informal caregivers occupy a crucial role when caring for hospitalised older patients living with frailty. However, skilful communication with both patients and informal caregivers during ward rounds has not been studied. Thus, we aimed to explore communication preferences of patients and informal caregivers during ward rounds.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with hospitalized patients and informal caregivers until information redundancy occurred. We used inductive coding of the transcribed interviews followed by a reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
The study included 15 patients and 15 informal caregivers. Patients had a median age of 85 years (range 75–100 years) and seven patients were females. Informal caregivers’ median age were 45 years (range 38–80 years) and 13 were females. Three themes were generated: (1) building relationships and conveying information, (2) alleviating informal caregiver strain and (3) sharing the decision-making process. Themes highlighted the importance of collaborative and empathetic approaches in healthcare interactions, emphasizing interpersonal communication skills, such as fostering professional relationships. The interviews unveiled informal caregiver burden stemming from disempowerment during hospital discharge process and managing mistrust within the healthcare system. The shared decision-making process should address patients’ and informal caregivers’ needs and circumstances.

Conclusions
Communication preferences of a population of older patients living with frailty and informal caregivers during ward rounds encompass interpersonal communication, demonstrating ample time, and being seen as a human being. Informal caregivers value being included in the decision-making process. Skilful communication includes for doctors to recognize informal caregivers’ narratives and burdens.

Graphical abstract
Occurrence of carbapenemase producing NAG Vibrio cholerae (NAG-CPV.c) in aquatic environment before the recommendation of carbapenem antibiotics
Authors: Igere Bright E. , Onojafe Joseph O. , Nwodo Uchechukwu U. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent research updates and advances have shown an upsurge of antibiotic resistance reports amongst bacterial species with increasing spread/distribution especially in the water nexus. Such has been the trend among Vibrio cholerae strain as it is observed to be emerging with diverse resistant determinants. The current study presents the occurrence of carbapenemase producing NAG Vibriocholerae (NAG-CPV.c) in aquatic environment before the recommendation of Carbapenem antibiotics. It focused on carbapenem resistant phenotype/genotype among environmental and somatic antigen nonagglutinating V. cholerae (SANAG-Vc) strains recovered from water sources, applying standard microbiological, serological and molecular biology techniques. Domestic water samples were collected for isolation of V. cholerae strains in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Carbapenem and specific β-lactamase inhibitors were employed for antibiotic susceptibility testing using K-B disc diffusion technique in addition to the Modified-Hodge-Test (MHT). Our results revealed 61 strains of environmental and SANAG-Vc serogroups. Amongst these confirmed SANAG-Vc strains recovered, 25 possess carbapenemase phenotype or NDM-1 phenotype (40.89%), whereas 24 (39.34%) were MHT positive phenotype. Further gene-based detection revealed 20 (32.79%) PCR confirmed as NDM-1 resistant gene positive strains. It is important to note that the carbapenem members of antibiotics are not readily employed in the therapeutic control of cholera cases as recommended by CLSI. Observing such resistant phenotypes/genotypes indicates a possible transfer/dissemination and emergence of such resistant determinants in the environment as the coastal water serves as a potential breeding hub for such resistant genes among potential pathogens. This is a serious threat to environmental wellness/public health especially those in the sub-urban and poor living localities, who source the analyzed water as their major source of water for domestic activities. The need for adroit and continuous monitoring of released water effluents of domestic and clinical sources remains a control strategy for environmental wellness and water bodies safety.
Adaptive neural network control of a centrifugal chiller system
Authors: Li Songchun , Zaheeruddin M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a neuro-adaptive PI control strategy for a water-cooled centrifugal chiller system is developed, and its control performance is examined. The system model consists of a flooded evaporator, a flooded condenser, a centrifugal compressor, and an electronic expansion valve. The overall system consists of three control loops: a compressor speed control loop, an inlet guide vane (IGV) control loop, and a condenser liquid level control loop. A neuro-adaptive control strategy for compressor speed control was designed. The control performance of the chiller was tested by carrying out simulation runs using an integrated building and HVAC (IB-HVAC) system model. The major details of the IB-HVAC model are described in this paper. Results show that the neuro-adaptive controller can adapt to new system dynamics of the IB-HVAC system and give good setpoint tracking responses under a wide range of operating conditions. The results show that the neuro-adaptive controller performs better than the constant gain PI controller in terms of speed of response and setpoint tracking properties.
Transfer learning for crash design
Authors: Colella Giada , Lange Volker A. , Duddeck Fabian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhen designing the structure of a new vehicle, car manufacturers need to ensure the compliance with strict safety requirements. Aiming to support the engineers in the early phase of this process, we propose a transfer learning framework for crashworthiness. This work explores the possibility to infer knowledge on future situations by exploiting data coming from past development processes. During the early phases of automotive development, assessing the crash safety implies dealing with the challenge of low data availability. Here, the engineers have no hardware test to rely on and can access only few finite element simulations. Under these circumstances, an attractive concept to investigate is the development of a machine learning approach able to learn from the past designs and to transfer the acquired knowledge to the new ones. Transfer learning can serve to this aim. With it, one learns the basic knowledge from a source domain A, and transfers it to a target domain B, characterized by low data availability. Here, we propose a transfer learning framework and apply it to an explicatory industrial crash example. The components produced in the past constitute the source domain; the new component design is the target domain. The proposed methodology can serve as an innovative solution to support car manufacturers in the early phase of vehicle development and thus improve the performance in crashworthiness scenarios.
Crack lung: a difficult differential diagnosis of ground glass opacities in the emergency setting
Authors: Giannessi Caterina , Gozzi Luca , Cozzi Diletta , Cavigli Edoardo , Miele Vittorio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The term 'Crack lung' refers to an acute syndrome of diffuse alveolar damage and hemorrhagic alveolitis that occurs within 48 hours of smoking freebase cocaine. Crack lung induces a variety of pulmonary complications, both acute and chronic, including pulmonary edema, alveolar hemorrhage, eosinophilic pneumonia, pneumothorax, and pulmonary thromboembolism. Ischaemia of pneumocytes because of crack use is induced by the following phenomena: thermal damage to the airways, direct toxicity, inflammatory damage, barotrauma and vasospasm. Diffuse alveolar damage and alveolar hemorrhage with eosinophilic cell infiltration and IgE deposits are found in the lung tissue.

Purpose
We present two clinical cases of patients admitted to the emergency department of our university hospital with respiratory failure. HRCT scans showed bilaterally, subpleural, and peri-hilar lung parenchyma, extensive areas of parenchymal ground-glass hyperdensity, crazy paving aspects, and relative sparing of the apices. The temporal relationship between the appearance of the bilateral opacities, the history documenting drug use, and the onset of hypoxemia suggests the diagnosis of "Crack lung".

Conclusions
It is important to include drug abuse and crack lung in the differential diagnosis of acute respiratory symptoms with ground-glass opacities, as they are not uncommon in emergency departments and may rapidly progress to ARDS. CT findings are not specific, but it is important to accurately collect anamnestic data and collaborate with the clinician to achieve a diagnosis and establish proper therapy.
Intermittent cell division dynamics in regenerating Arabidopsis roots reveals complex long-range interactions
Authors: Fallesen T. , Amarteifio S. , Pruessner G. , Jensen H. J. , Sena G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this work, we present a quantitative comparison of the cell division dynamics between populations of intact and regenerating root tips in the plant model system Arabidopsis thaliana. To achieve the required temporal resolution and to sustain it for the duration of the regeneration process, we adopted a live imaging system based on light-sheet fluorescence microscopy, previously developed in the laboratory. We offer a straightforward quantitative analysis of the temporal and spatial patterns of cell division events showing a statistically significant difference in the frequency of mitotic events and spatial separation of mitotic event clusters between intact and regenerating roots.
Testing the convergent validity, domain generality, and temporal stability of selected measures of people’s tendency to explore
Authors: Anvari Farid , Billinger Stephan , Analytis Pantelis P. , Franco Vithor Rosa , Marchiori Davide 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGiven the ubiquity of exploration in everyday life, researchers from many disciplines have developed methods to measure exploratory behaviour. There are therefore many ways to quantify and measure exploration. However, it remains unclear whether the different measures (i) have convergent validity relative to one another, (ii) capture a domain general tendency, and (iii) capture a tendency that is stable across time. In a sample of 678 participants, we found very little evidence of convergent validity for the behavioural measures (Hypothesis 1); most of the behavioural measures lacked sufficient convergent validity with one another or with the self-reports. In psychometric modelling analyses, we could not identify a good fitting model with an assumed general tendency to explore (Hypothesis 2); the best fitting model suggested that the different behavioural measures capture behaviours that are specific to the tasks. In a subsample of 254 participants who completed the study a second time, we found that the measures had stability across an 1 month timespan (Hypothesis 3). Therefore, although there were stable individual differences in how people approached each task across time, there was no generalizability across tasks, and drawing broad conclusions about exploratory behaviour from studies using these tasks may be problematic. The Stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 2nd December 2022 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21717407.v1. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/64QJU.
Diverse RNA viruses of parasitic nematodes can elicit antibody responses in vertebrate hosts
Authors: Quek Shannon , Hadermann Amber , Wu Yang , De Coninck Lander , Hegde Shrilakshmi , Boucher Jordan R. , Cresswell Jessica , Foreman Ella , Steven Andrew , LaCourse E. James , Ward Stephen A. , Wanji Samuel , Hughes Grant L. , Patterson Edward I. , Wagstaff Simon C. , Turner Joseph D. , Parry Rhys H. , Kohl Alain , Heinz Eva , Otabil Kenneth Bentum , Matthijnssens Jelle , Colebunders Robert , Taylor Mark J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractParasitic nematodes have an intimate, chronic and lifelong exposure to vertebrate tissues. Here we mined 41 published parasitic nematode transcriptomes from vertebrate hosts and identified 91 RNA viruses across 13 virus orders from 24 families in ~70% (28 out of 41) of parasitic nematode species, which include only 5 previously reported viruses. We observe widespread distribution of virus–nematode associations across multiple continents, suggesting an ancestral acquisition event and host–virus co-evolution. Characterization of viruses of Brugia malayi (BMRV1) and Onchocerca volvulus (OVRV1) shows that these viruses are abundant in reproductive tissues of adult parasites. Importantly, the presence of BMRV1 RNA in B. malayi parasites mounts an RNA interference response against BMRV1 suggesting active viral replication. Finally, BMRV1 and OVRV1 were found to elicit antibody responses in serum samples from infected jirds and infected or exposed humans, indicating direct exposure to the immune system.
Collaborative augmented reconstruction of 3D neuron morphology in mouse and human brains
Authors: Zhang Lingli , Huang Lei , Yuan Zexin , Hang Yuning , Zeng Ying , Li Kaixiang , Wang Lijun , Zeng Haoyu , Chen Xin , Zhang Hairuo , Xi Jiaqi , Chen Danni , Gao Ziqin , Le Longxin , Chen Jie , Ye Wen , Liu Lijuan , Wang Yimin , Peng Hanchuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDigital reconstruction of the intricate 3D morphology of individual neurons from microscopic images is a crucial challenge in both individual laboratories and large-scale projects focusing on cell types and brain anatomy. This task often fails in both conventional manual reconstruction and state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI)-based automatic reconstruction algorithms. It is also challenging to organize multiple neuroanatomists to generate and cross-validate biologically relevant and mutually agreed upon reconstructions in large-scale data production. Based on collaborative group intelligence augmented by AI, we developed a collaborative augmented reconstruction (CAR) platform for neuron reconstruction at scale. This platform allows for immersive interaction and efficient collaborative editing of neuron anatomy using a variety of devices, such as desktop workstations, virtual reality headsets and mobile phones, enabling users to contribute anytime and anywhere and to take advantage of several AI-based automation tools. We tested CAR’s applicability for challenging mouse and human neurons toward scaled and faithful data production.
Douyin and Bilibili as sources of information on lung cancer in China through assessment and analysis of the content and quality
Authors: Zeng Fanyi , Zhang Weilin , Wang Menghui , Zhang Hejin , Zhu Xiaoyi , Hu Hui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLung cancer has emerged as a major global public health concern. With growing public interest in lung cancer, online searches for related information have surged. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the credibility, quality, and value of lung cancer-related videos on digital media platforms remains unexamined. This study aimed to assess the informational quality and content of lung cancer-related videos on Douyin and Bilibili. A total of 200 lung cancer-related videos that met the criteria were selected from Douyin and Bilibili for evaluation and analysis. The first step involved recording and analyzing the basic information provided in the videos. Subsequently, the source and type of content for each video were identified. All videos’ educational content and quality were then evaluated using JAMA, GQS, and Modified DISCERN. Douyin videos were found to be more popular in terms of likes, comments, favorites, and shares, whereas Bilibili videos were longer in duration (P < .001). The majority of video content on both platforms comprised lung cancer introductions (31/100, 31%), with medical professionals being the primary source of uploaded videos (Douyin, n = 55, 55%; Bilibili, n = 43, 43%). General users on Douyin scored the lowest on the JAMA scale, whereas for-profit businesses scored the highest (2.50 points). The results indicated that the videos’ informational quality was insufficient. Videos from science communications and health professionals were deemed more reliable regarding completeness and content quality compared to videos from other sources. The public should exercise caution and consider the scientific validity when seeking healthcare information on short video platforms.
Disordered regions in the IRE1α ER lumenal domain mediate its stress-induced clustering
Authors: Kettel Paulina , Marosits Laura , Spinetti Elena , Rechberger Michael , Giannini Caterina , Radler Philipp , Niedermoser Isabell , Fischer Irmgard , Versteeg Gijs A , Loose Martin , Covino Roberto , Karagöz G Elif 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConserved signaling cascades monitor protein-folding homeostasis to ensure proper cellular function. One of the evolutionary conserved key players is IRE1, which maintains endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis through the unfolded protein response (UPR). Upon accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, IRE1 forms clusters on the ER membrane to initiate UPR signaling. What regulates IRE1 cluster formation is not fully understood. Here, we show that the ER lumenal domain (LD) of human IRE1α forms biomolecular condensates in vitro. IRE1α LD condensates were stabilized both by binding to unfolded polypeptides as well as by tethering to model membranes, suggesting their role in assembling IRE1α into signaling-competent stable clusters. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that weak multivalent interactions drive IRE1α LD clustering. Mutagenesis experiments identified disordered regions in IRE1α LD to control its clustering in vitro and in cells. Importantly, dysregulated clustering of IRE1α mutants led to defects in IRE1α signaling. Our results revealed that disordered regions in IRE1α LD control its clustering and suggest their role as a common strategy in regulating protein assembly on membranes.
Axonal neurotransmitter release in the regulation of myelination
Authors: Marshall-Phelps Katy L.H. , Almeida Rafael G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Myelination of axons is a key determinant of fast action potential propagation, axonal health and circuit function. Previously considered a static structure, it is now clear that myelin is dynamically regulated in response to neuronal activity in the central nervous system (CNS). However, how activity-dependent signals are conveyed to oligodendrocytes remains unclear. Here, we review the potential mechanisms by which neurons could communicate changing activity levels to myelin, with a focus on the accumulating body of evidence to support activity-dependent vesicular signalling directly onto myelin sheaths. We discuss recent in vivo findings of activity-dependent fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles from non-synaptic axonal sites, and how modulation of this vesicular fusion regulates the stability and growth of myelin sheaths. We also consider the potential mechanisms by which myelin could sense and respond to axon-derived signals to initiate remodelling, and the relevance of these adaptations for circuit function. We propose that axonal vesicular signalling represents an important and underappreciated mode of communication by which neurons can transmit activity-regulated signals to myelinating oligodendrocytes and, potentially, more broadly to other cell types in the CNS.