bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional climate forcing and topographic influence on glacier shrinkage: eastern cordilleras of Peru
Authors: Veettil Bijeesh Kozhikkodan , Wang Shanshan , Simões Jefferson Cardia , Ruiz Pereira Sebastian Felipe , de Souza Sergio Florêncio 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThis study assessed the influence of regional climate variability and topography on surface area changes at glacierized mountain peaks of four eastern tropical Andes cordilleras between 10.5° and 13.5°S, namely, Huaguruncho, Huaytapallana, Urubamba and Vilcabamba, during the period 1985–2015 using satellite data. Time series analysis of three key climate variables (temperature, precipitation and relative humidity) at 500 hPa level was also included. Decreasing trends in precipitation and increasing relative humidity trends were observed at the northern region. Further analysis on mean distribution of wind at 500 hPa level showed significant rising trend southwards during the austral winter. Glacierized surfaces at lower altitudes were shrinking faster than those at high altitudes as expected. However, spatial orientation of glacier retreat was not similar to nearby cordilleras such as Vilcanota and Carabaya excepting for Cordillera Urubamba. Despite the high rate of precipitation due to the humidity transport from the Amazon Basin on the eastern slopes, glaciers on the eastern and north‐eastern slopes in the Cordillera Urubamba retreated at a higher rate compared with those glaciers on western and south‐western sides. Whether higher retreat on the eastern sides towards the south is controlled by precipitation phase changes (rain or snow) or by increased humidity levels was discussed. Furthermore, there was a predominant snowline altitude (SLA) rising trend varying between 56 and 129 m for the studied glaciers. A sharp rise in SLAs for periods 1995–2000 and 2010–2015 was attested, coinciding with warming trends in the Pacific. The relative stability in observed SLAs between 2000 and 2010 also coincided with cooling trends in the Pacific.
ICG‐fluorescence imaging for detection of peritoneal metastases and residual tumoral scars in locally advanced ovarian cancer: A pilot study
Authors: Veys Isabelle , Pop Florin‐Catalin , Vankerckhove Sophie , Barbieux Romain , Chintinne Marie , Moreau Michel , Nogaret Jean‐Marie , Larsimont Denis , Donckier Vincent , Bourgeois Pierre , Liberale Gabriel ,   Group R&D for the Clinical Application of Fluorescence Imaging of the Jules Bordet Institute
Published: August 2017

Background and ObjectivesNo intraoperative imaging techniques exist for detecting tumor nodules or tumor scar tissues in patients treated with upfront or interval cytoreductive surgery (CS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The aims of this study were to evaluate the role of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging (FI) for the detection of peritoneal metastases (PM) and evaluate whether it can be used to detect remnant tumor cells in scar tissue.MethodsPatients with PM from ovarian cancer admitted for CS were included. ICG, at 0.25 mg per kg of patient weight, was injected intraoperatively after explorative laparotomy before CS.ResultsA total of 108 peritoneal lesions, including 25 scars, were imaged in 20 patients. Seventy‐three were malignant (67.6%) and 35 benign (32.4%). The mean Tumor to Background Ratio (ex vivo) was 1.8 (SD 1.3) in malignant and 1.0 (SD 0.79) in benign nodules (P = 0.007). Of 25 post‐NAC scars, the mean Tumor to Background Ratio (TBR) (in vivo) was 2.06 (SD 1.15) in malignant and 1.21 (SD 0.50) in benign nodules (P = 0.26). The positive predictive value of ICG‐FI to detect tumor cells in scars was 57.1%.ConclusionsICG‐FI is accurate to demonstrate PM in ovarian cancer but unable to discriminate between benign and malignant post‐NAC.
Use of standardized letters of recommendation for otolaryngology head and neck surgery residency and the impact of gender
Authors: Friedman Remy , Fang Christina H. , Hasbun Johann , Han Helen , Mady Leila J. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Kalyoussef Evelyne 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate gender‐based differences in narrative letters of recommendation (NLORs) and standardized letters of recommendation (SLORs) submitted for applicants to an otolaryngology head and neck surgery (OHNS) residency program.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsNine hundred fifty‐eight letters of recommendation (LORs) submitted to one OHNS program in 2013 to 2014 were analyzed.ResultsNLORs (n = 590) and SLORs (n = 368) were reviewed. Male writers composed over 85% of all LORs. Compared with male writers, female writers of LORs were more likely to compose a letter of minimal assurance (P < 0.025). Female writers of SLORs were more likely to rank applicants higher in communication skills (P < 0.035) and match potential (P < 0.045). Analysis of LORs by applicant gender revealed that female applicants were more likely than male applicants to be described as team players (P < 0.025) and less likely to receive a letter of minimal assurance (P < 0.001). Compared with SLORs, NLORs written for male applicants were more likely to reference their leadership potential (P < 0.001). Female applicants were less likely to be described as “bright” (P < 0.001) and more likely to have their appearance mentioned (P < 0.03) in NLORs when compared to SLORs.ConclusionAlthough we found that SLORs reduce gender biases compared to NLORs, there remain significant differences in how female and male applicants are described. Greater awareness of historical biases likely has contributed to more equitable letter writing, although impactful gender biases remain when reviewing applicants.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 127:2738–2745, 2017
Application of pattern recognition techniques for classification of pediatric brain tumors by in vivo 3T 1H‐MR spectroscopy—A multi‐center study
Authors: Zarinabad Niloufar , Abernethy Laurence J. , Avula Shivaram , Davies Nigel P. , Rodriguez Gutierrez Daniel , Jaspan Tim , MacPherson Lesley , Mitra Dipayan , Rose Heather E.L. , Wilson Martin , Morgan Paul S. , Bailey Simon , Pizer Barry , Arvanitis Theodoros N. , Grundy Richard G. , Auer Dorothee P. , Peet Andrew 
Published: August 2017

Purpose3T magnetic resonance scanners have boosted clinical application of 1H‐MR spectroscopy (MRS) by offering an improved signal‐to‐noise ratio and increased spectral resolution, thereby identifying more metabolites and extending the range of metabolic information. Spectroscopic data from clinical 1.5T MR scanners has been shown to discriminate between pediatric brain tumors by applying machine learning techniques to further aid diagnosis. The purpose of this multi‐center study was to investigate the discriminative potential of metabolite profiles obtained from 3T scanners in classifying pediatric brain tumors.MethodsA total of 41 pediatric patients with brain tumors (17 medulloblastomas, 20 pilocytic astrocytomas, and 4 ependymomas) were scanned across four different hospitals. Raw spectroscopy data were processed using TARQUIN. Borderline synthetic minority oversampling technique was used to correct for the data skewness. Different classifiers were trained using linear discriminative analysis, support vector machine, and random forest techniques.ResultsSupport vector machine had the highest balanced accuracy for discriminating the three tumor types. The balanced accuracy achieved was higher than the balanced accuracy previously reported for similar multi‐center dataset from 1.5T magnets with echo time 20 to 32 ms alone.ConclusionThis study showed that 3T MRS can detect key differences in metabolite profiles for the main types of childhood tumors. Magn Reson Med 79:2359–2366, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Biomimetic implants for pelvic floor repair
Authors: Vashaghian Mahshid , Zaat Sebastianus J. , Smit Theodoor H. , Roovers Jan‐Paul 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundPolypropylene implants are used for the reconstructive surgery of urogynaecological disorders like pelvic organ prolapse, but severe complications associated with their use have been reported. There is evidence that surface properties and a difference in mechanical stiffness between the implant and the host tissue contribute to these adverse events. Electrospinning is an innovative engineering alternative that provides a biomimetic microstructure for implants, resulting in a different mechano‐biological performance.AimThe main objective of this review is to inform about the potential of electrospun matrices as an alternative modality for pelvic floor repair.MethodsPublications with the following studies of electrospun matrices were reviewed: (i) the technique; (ii) in vitro use for soft tissue engineering; (iii) in vivo use for reconstruction of soft tissues in animals; and (iv) clinical use in humans.ResultsElectrospun matrices provide a synthetic mimic of natural extracellular matrix (ECM), favoring cellular attachment, proliferation and matrix deposition, through which a proper, low‐inflammatory tissue‐implant interaction can be established. Electrospun sheets can also be created with sufficient mechanical strength and stiffness for usage in prolapse surgery.ConclusionElectrospun matrices mimic the structural topography of the extracellular matrix and can be functionalized for better biological performance. As such, they have great potential for the next generation of urogynecological implants. However, their long‐term safety and efficacy must still be established in vivo.
New curing agents for epoxy resins: protoporphyrins
Authors: Fraga‐López Francisco , Vázquez Barreiro Eva C. , Jover Aida , Meijide Francisco , Rodríguez Eugenio , Vázquez‐Tato José 
Published: August 2017

Two similar macrocycles protoporphyrin IX and zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZPP) have been used as cross‐linking agents for curing the epoxy resin of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE, n = 0). The enthalpies and the activation energies of the esterification reaction of the 2 systems are very close to each other. However, the temperature of the minimum in the differential scanning calorimetry thermogram is 38°C lower for BADGE (n = 0)/ZPP, thus requiring a less energy expenditure for curing the system. By the contrary, the enthalpy and activation energies for the etherification reaction are lower and higher, respectively, for BADGE (n = 0)/ZPP suggesting that the zinc ion affects it, although the involved mechanism is unknown.
In vitro evaluation of sustained release of risperidone‐loaded microspheres fabricated from different viscosity of PLGA polymers
Authors: Shang Qing , Zhang Aixin , Wu Zhaoying , Huang Sijin , Tian Ruiqiong 
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study was to fabricate different risperidone (RIS)–loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microspheres (PLGA MS) with various viscosity of PLGA polymers and investigate the RIS release profiles. Risperidone‐loaded PLGA MS were fabricated via an oil/water–type emulsion solvent evaporation method, using ethyl acetate and benzil alcohol as the dispersed solvents. The PLGA (75:25) with the viscosity of 0.82, 0.93, and 1.10 dL/g was used in the fabrication. The morphology and the degradation of the RIS‐PLGA MS were investigated with a scanning electron microscope. The distribution states of RIS in the PLGA MS were studied with differential scanning calorimetry. The residual of ethyl acetate and benzil alcohol in the resulting MS was monitored with gas chromatography. The in vitro release profiles of RIS from PLGA MS were also studied. Scanning electron microscope photographs illustrated that the obtained PLGA MS were monodisperse spheres with an average diameter of 100 μm. Gas chromatography results suggested that no residual ethyl acetate was left in the final RIS‐PLGA MS, and the residue amount of benzil alcohol was about 1%. In vitro drug release profiles from the microsphere showed a substantially sigmoidal pattern of negligible initial burst up to 24 hours and minimal release (time lag) for 14 days. After the lag phase, slow release took a place up to 30 days, and then rapid release occurred sharply for about 2 weeks. The RIS release reached equilibrium around day 50. All release profiles showed the similar trend, and no significant difference was observed among these release profiles (P > .05). This phenomenon indicated that RIS‐loaded PLGA MS with the viscosity of 0.82 to 0.93 dL/g showed the optimal release behavior. However, no obvious differences were found among the MS obtained from the viscosity of 0.82 to 1.10 dL/g. These studies provided basis for the quality control in the industrial production of PLGA MS.
Refill adherence and persistence to lipid‐lowering medicines in patients with type 2 diabetes: A nation‐wide register‐based study
Authors: Karlsson Sofia Axia , Hero Christel , Eliasson Björn , Franzén Stefan , Svensson Ann‐Marie , Miftaraj Mervete , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Eeg‐Olofsson Katarina , Andersson Sundell Karolina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to describe and compare refill adherence and persistence to lipid‐lowering medicines in patients with type 2 diabetes by previous cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsWe followed 97 595 patients (58% men; 23% with previous CVD) who were 18 years of age or older when initiating lipid‐lowering medicines in 2007–2010 until first fill of multi‐dose dispensed medicines, death, or 3 years. Using personal identity numbers, we linked individuals' data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, the Swedish National Diabetes Register, the National Patient Register, the Cause of Death Register, and the Longitudinal Integration Database for Health Insurance and Labour Market Studies. We assessed refill adherence using the medication possession ratio (MPR) and the maximum gap method, and measured persistence from initiation to discontinuation of treatment or until 3 years after initiation. We analyzed differences in refill adherence and persistence by previous CVD in multiple regression models, adjusted for socioeconomic status, concurrent medicines, and clinical characteristics.ResultsThe mean age of the study population was 64 years, 80% were born in Sweden, and 56% filled prescriptions for diabetes medicines. Mean MPR was 71%, 39% were adherent according to the maximum gap method, and mean persistence was 758 days. Patients with previous CVD showed higher MPR (3%) and lower risk for discontinuing treatment (12%) compared with patients without previous CVD (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsPatients with previous CVD were more likely to be adherent to treatment and had lower risk for discontinuation compared with patients without previous CVD.
Prevalence and severity of childhood adversity in adolescents with BPD, psychiatrically healthy adolescents, and adults with BPD
Authors: Temes Christina M. , Magni Laura R. , Fitzmaurice Garrett M. , Aguirre Blaise A. , Goodman Marianne , Zanarini Mary C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveExisting research has demonstrated that both adolescents and adults with borderline personality disorder (BPD) report higher rates of childhood adversity than their same‐age peers; no studies have examined if adolescents and adults with BPD differ based on the extent of these experiences. In the present study, we compared the prevalence rates and severity of multiple forms of abuse and neglect in adolescents and adults with BPD and in psychiatrically healthy adolescents.MethodsParticipants included 104 adolescent (aged 13–17 years) inpatients with BPD, 60 age‐matched, psychiatrically healthy adolescents, and 290 adult inpatients with BPD. All participants completed an interview that assessed the presence and severity of multiple forms of childhood abuse and neglect.ResultsA significantly higher percentage of adolescents with BPD reported 5 of 12 pathological childhood experiences and described more severe abusive experiences than their psychiatrically healthy peers. In comparison with adolescents with BPD, a significantly higher percentage of adults with BPD reported nearly all forms of childhood adversity and rated these experiences as more severe.ConclusionsTaken together, these results suggest that adults with BPD report more severe profiles of abuse and neglect than adolescents with the disorder, even though adolescents with BPD differ from healthy peers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optoelectronic and conductivity of ᴫ‐conjugated polymers based on phenylenevinylene, 1,3,4‐thiadiazole and thiophene: Suitable candidates for n‐type organic semiconductors
Authors: Milad Rim , Essalah Khaled , Abderrabba Manef 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNew poly‐phenylenevinylenes PPVs containing 1,3,4‐thiadiazole as candidates for organic semiconductors have been theoretically studied at density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT levels. This study has been conducted in order to investigate the geometrical and electronic properties as well as the conductivity of a series of PPV–thiophene–1,3,4–thiadiazole–thiophene (H–PhTAT–H) containing –CHO, –CH2–P(=O)(OCH3)2, and phenyl–CHO (PhCHO) terminal groups. The impact of terminal groups on the optical bandgaps, electron affinity, LUMO energy, and intramolecular reorganization energy was studied for different oligomers and for a limit polymer. The incorporation of terminal groups did not affect the chain length evolution and the vertical transition energy Evertvalue for a polymer limit compared with the unsubstituted oligomer (H–PhTAT–H). All studied properties showed that CHO–PhTAT–PhCHO and H–PhTAT–H oligomers can be considered as n‐type semiconductors.
Reaching for [6]n SiC‐cyclacenes and [6]n SiC‐acenes: A DFT approach
Authors: Mirza Behrooz , Soleimani‐Amiri Somayeh , Mirza Maziar 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations introduced triplet ground states for [6]n SiC‐cyclacenes and ‐acenes with alternate silabenzene rings including silicon atoms in 2 opposite edges (n = 6, 8, 10, 12). The singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔE(S‐T)), binding energy per atom (BE/n), and NBO calculation with very small band gap (ΔELUMO‐HOMO) confirmed the triplet ground states. In contrast to polyacenes, the singlet [6]n SiC‐cyclacenes displayed more stability improvement than triplets, through n increasing. This may open the way for synthesis of larger stable [6]n SiC‐cyclacenes. The ΔE(S‐T), BE/n, and the strain energy through homodesmic equations indicated more stability for larger [6]n SiC‐cyclacenes, which was more noticeable in singlet states. Cyclacenes and acenes with high conductivity and full point charge were introduced as suitable candidates for hydrogen storage.
Reversing resistance to tembotrione in an Amaranthus tuberculatus (var. rudis) population from Nebraska, USA with cytochrome P450 inhibitors
Authors: Oliveira Maxwel C , Gaines Todd A , Dayan Franck E , Patterson Eric L , Jhala Amit J , Knezevic Stevan Z 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDA population of Amaranthus tuberculatus (var. rudis) was confirmed resistant to 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)‐inhibitor herbicides (mesotrione, tembotrione, and topramezone) in a seed corn/soybean rotation in Nebraska. Further investigation confirmed a non‐target‐site resistance mechanism in this population. The main objective of this study was to explore the role of cytochrome P450 inhibitors in restoring the efficacy of HPPD‐inhibitor herbicides on the HPPD‐inhibitor resistant A. tuberculatus population from Nebraska, USA (HPPD‐R).RESULTSEnhanced metabolism via cytochrome P450 enzymes is the mechanism of resistance in HPPD‐R. Amitrole partially restored the activity of mesotrione, whereas malathion, amitrole, and piperonyl butoxide restored the activity of tembotrione and topramezone in HPPD‐R. Although corn was injured through malathion followed by mesotrione application a week after treatment, the injury was transient, and the crop recovered.CONCLUSIONThe use of cytochrome P450 inhibitors with tembotrione may provide a new way of controlling HPPD‐inhibitor resistant A. tuberculatus, but further research is needed to identify the cytochrome P450 candidate gene(s) conferring metabolism‐based resistance. The results presented here aid to gain an insight into non‐target‐site resistance weed management strategies. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation of large‐scale, durable, superhydrophobic PTFE films using rough glass templates
Authors: Zhu Yan , He Yin , Zhang Ji‐Fan , Li Zhen‐Hua , Zhou Wei , Yang De‐Quan , Sacher Edward 
Published: August 2017

Large superhydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films, with good durability, were successfully prepared by a facile, low cost, environmentally friendly templating method, using a PTFE emulsion. For the first time, commercially available rough glass was employed as a reusable template. The results show that both the microstructure of the glass template and the concentration of the PTFE emulsion play important roles in the superhydrophobicity of the films. Commercially available, acid‐etched, rough glass is found to be an ideal template for such films, the superhydrophobicity increasing with decreasing emulsion concentration. Abrasive wear testing shows that superhydrophobic PTFE film, prepared under an optimal concentration of 5 wt% PTFE emulsion, has good abrasion resistance. Moreover, the results show that this method is suitable for the large‐scale preparation of superhydrophobic PTFE films. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Low‐Cost NiO Hole Transfer Layer for Ohmic Back Contact to Cu2O for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Wei Yijia , Chang Xiaoxia , Wang Tuo , Li Chengcheng , Gong Jinlong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCuprous oxide (Cu2O) photocathode is reported as a promising candidate for photoelectrochemical water splitting. The p‐type Cu2O usually forms a Schottky junction with the conductive substrate due to its large work function, which blocks the collection of photogenerated holes. NiO is considered as one of the most promising hole transfer layers (HTL) for its high hole mobility, good stability, and easy processability to form a film by spin coating. The utilization of NiO HTL to form an Ohmic back contact to Cu2O is described, thus achieving a positive onset potential of 0.61 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and a twofold increase of solar conversion efficiency.
The role of nongovernmental organizations in China's climate change governance
Authors: Liu Lei , Wang Pu , Wu Tong 
Published: August 2017

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have been a key player in international climate negotiations. In addition to being UNFCCC observers at the international level, the role of NGOs in domestic climate change governance has differed across countries due to varying political, legislative, and even cultural contexts. As the largest CO2 emitter in the world, China is engaged in the challenging process of low‐carbon development, which may not be achievable through exclusive reliance on top–down management and voluntary actions by the private sector. The participation of NGOs as a civil society actor is important. However, current understanding about the role of NGOs in China's climate change governance has been under‐studied. Climate change is still a relatively new topic for China's NGOs, and it has been difficult to differentiate the involvement of NGOs in climate change issues from their involvement in environmental issues more generally. Overall, the role NGOs play in China's climate change governance has had four main features: government partnership with restricted political space, organization development with inadequate professional capacity, strong international financial reliance but with growing domestic support, and public advocacy with low social recognition. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e483. doi: 10.1002/wcc.483This article is categorized under:

Policy and Governance > Private Governance of Climate Change