bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isobaric Reconstruction of the Baryonic Acoustic Oscillation
Authors: Wang Xin , Yu Hao-Ran , Zhu Hong-Ming , Yu Yu , Pan Qiaoyin , Pen Ue-Li 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this Letter, we report a significant recovery of the linear baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) signature by applying the isobaric reconstruction algorithm to the nonlinear matter density field. Assuming only the longitudinal component of the displacement being cosmologically relevant, this algorithm iteratively solves the coordinate transform between the Lagrangian and Eulerian frames without requiring any specific knowledge of the dynamics. For dark matter field, it produces the nonlinear displacement potential with very high fidelity. The reconstruction error at the pixel level is within a few percent and is caused only by the emergence of the transverse component after the shell-crossing. As it circumvents the strongest nonlinearity of the density evolution, the reconstructed field is well described by linear theory and immune from the bulk-flow smearing of the BAO signature. Therefore, this algorithm could significantly improve the measurement accuracy of the sound horizon scale s. For a perfect large-scale structure survey at redshift zero without Poisson or instrumental noise, the fractional error

is reduced by a factor of ∼2.7, very close to the ideal limit with the linear power spectrum and Gaussian covariance matrix.
Carbon Monoxide Affecting Planetary Atmospheric Chemistry
Authors: He Chao , Hörst Sarah M. , Riemer Sydney , Sebree Joshua A. , Pauley Nicholas , Vuitton Véronique 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
CO is an important component in many

atmospheres, including Titan, Triton, and Pluto, and has also been detected in the atmosphere of a number of exoplanets. Numerous experimental simulations have been carried out in the laboratory to understand the chemistry in

atmospheres, but very few simulations have included CO in the initial gas mixtures. The effect of CO on the chemistry occurring in these atmospheres is still poorly understood. We have investigated the effect of CO on both gas and solid phase chemistry in a series of planetary atmosphere simulation experiments using gas mixtures of CO,

, and

with a range of CO mixing ratios from 0.05% to 5% at low temperature (∼100 K). We find that CO affects the gas phase chemistry, the density, and the composition of the solids. Specifically, with the increase of CO in the initial gases, there is less

but more

, HCN,

, and

produced in the gas phase, while the density, oxygen content, and degree of unsaturation of the solids increase. The results indicate that CO has an important impact on the chemistry occurring in our experiments and accordingly in planetary atmospheres.
Le témoignage de l’esprit chez Hegel
Authors: Marmasse Gilles 
Published: June 2017

Si Hegel utilise régulièrement l’expression de « témoignage de l’esprit », celle-ci n’a pourtant pas chez lui un sens spécifiquement théologique. Elle désigne l’activité caractéristique de tout esprit, à savoir la manifestation de soi spontanée et intégrale. L’article examine les formes et les enjeux, mais aussi les limites, d’une telle auto-manifestation dans la philosophie de Hegel.
Prevalence of postnatal depression and associated factors among HIV-positive women in primary care in Nkangala district, South Africa
Authors: Peltzer K , Shikwane M E 
Published: June 2017

Background. The prevalence of postpartum depression in South Africa is high, but there is lack of prevalence data on postnatal depression among HIV-infected women.

Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depressed mood and associated factors in postnatal HIV-positive women in primary care facilities in Nkangala district, Mpumalanga, South Africa.

Methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 607 HIV-positive postnatal women in 48 primary health care clinics and community health centres in Nkangala district. Postnatal women were recruited by systematic sampling (every consecutive patient over a period of 2 months). Demographic and other data were obtained from all the women who responded to a questionnaire in the local language on male involvement, HIV test disclosure, delivery and infant profile, infant HIV diagnosis, stigma, discrimination, postnatal depression, attendance of support groups and social support.
Results. Overall, 45.1% of women reported a depressed mood in the postnatal period. Depressed mood in a multivariable analysis was significantly associated with internalised stigma (odds ratio (OR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05 - 1.19; p=0.000), discrimination experiences (OR 1.22, CI 1.03 - 1.46; p=0.023), lack of social support (OR 0.86, CI 0.74 - 0.99; p=0.037) and having had an STI in the past 12 months (OR 2.22, CI 1.21 - 4.04; p=0.010). There were no statistically significant correlations between the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores of the women and age, marital status, level of education, employment status and number of own children.
Conclusion. Depressed mood is common among HIV-positive postpartum women. This is significantly associated with lack of social support, stigma and discrimination. Routine screening to identify those currently depressed or at risk of depression should be integrated into postnatal care settings to target those most needing intervention.
Fixed-dose combination for adults accessing antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Clinicians Society SA HIV 
Published: June 2017

This document serves to guide clinicians and programme managers on how to switch from 3 separate antiretroviral (ARV) drugs to the new, single, fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablet containing tenofovir (TDF), emtricitabine (FTC) and efavirenz (EFV).

Summary
Transitioning from individual drugs to an FDC tablet needs to be managed carefully, particularly regarding stock management, ordering processes, supply-chain integrity and comprehensive patient counselling.

Priority groups
• Initially, FDC supply will be insufficient to provide for all FDC-suitable patients
• Therefore, the National Department of Health (NDoH) has recommended that the following patient groups be prioritized for FDC initiation/switch:
• Priority group 1: All HIV-positive patients newly initiating ART – adults, adolescents and pregnant women (regardless of CD4 count (amendment to the guidelines for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) anticipated in April 2013) – and who do not have contra-indications to the FDC component drugs
• Priority group 2: HIV-positive pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers currently stable on lamivudine (3TC), TDF and EFV
• Priority group 3: Virologically suppressed patients on a stavudine (d4T)-based regimen and who have normal renal function
• Priority group 4: Stable patients receiving individual TDF, 3TC and EFV and who have tuberculosis (TB) co-infection
• Priority group 5: Stable patients receiving individual TDF, 3TC and EFV and who have other co-morbidites (e.g. hypertension, diabetes)
• Priority group 6: Patients receiving individual TDF, 3TC and EFV and who request to switch to the FDC treatment
• Priority group 7: Patients receiving individual TDF, 3TC and EFV and who, after counselling, agree to switch to the FDC treatment.

Important: Clinic staff must co-ordinate this process and only switch as many patients to the FDC tablet as stock allows. This should avoid patients being switched back and forth between FDC and individual drugs due to insufficient stock.

Note: The FDC tablet is not significantly larger than EFV or lopinavir/ritonavir (LOP/r) (Aluvia); therefore, swallowing should not be problematic.

S Afr J HIV Med 2013;14(1 Suppl):41-43. DOI:10.7196/SAJHIVMED.913
Disseminated fatal Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei infection in a returning HIV-infected traveller
Authors: Govender N. P. , Magobo R. E. , Du Plooy M. , Corcoran C. , Zulu T. G. 
Published: June 2017

We report a case of disseminated fatal Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei infection in an HIV-infected, antiretroviral treatment-experienced South African woman who had travelled to mainland China. The 37-year-old woman was admitted to a private hospital in fulminant septic shock and died within 12 h of admission. Intracellular yeast-like bodies were observed on the peripheral blood smear. A serum cryptococcal antigen test was negative. Blood cultures flagged positive after 2 days; on direct microscopy, yeast-like bodies were observed and a thermally dimorphic fungus, confirmed as T. marneffei, was cultured after 5 days. The clinical features of HIV-associated disseminated penicilliosis overlap with those of tuberculosis and endemic deep fungal infections. In the southern African context, where systemic opportunistic fungal infections such as cryptococcosis are more common among HIV-infected patients with a CD4+ count of <100 cells/µL, this infection is not likely to be considered in the differential diagnosis unless a travel history is obtained.
Undergraduate physiotherapy research training in south africa: the Medunsa experience
Authors: Mothabeng D. J. 
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose: Research interest has increased in physiotherapy in the past two decades. During this period, the physiotherapy department at the Medical University of Southern Africa(MEDUNSA) started its degree programme. The first undergraduateresearch projects (UGRP) were produced in 1985. The purpose of this study was to analyze the UGRPs conducted between 1985 and 1999 in terms of methodological trends (qualitative versus quantitative) and subject content.Methods: A retrospective analysis of the 114 UGRPs carried out in the department was conducted. The projects were read and analyzed according to methodology, research context and topic categories. The 15-year period was analyzed in three 5-year phases (1985 - 1989; 1990 - 1994 and 1995 - 1999), using descriptive statistics. Results: There was a gradual increase in the number of UGRPs during the study period in keeping with the increase in student numbers, with the last five years recording the highest number of projects. An interesting finding was a decline in experimental and clinical research, which was lowest in the last five years. Conclusion: The findings are paradoxical, given the need for experimental research to validate current clinical practice. Non-experimental qualitative research is however important in the view of the national health plan. A balance between qualitative and quantitative research is therefore important and must be emphasized in student training. Student research projects need to be maximally utilized to improve departmental research output.
The meaning of chronic pain: a phenomenological analysis
Authors: Wade B. L. 
Published: June 2017

Chronic pain sufferers are frequently misunderstood and stigmatised. The aim of this investigation was to provide a description of the life-world of people with chronic low back pain, using the phenomenological method. Themes which emerged werethat the persistent nature of chronic pain makes it particularlydifficult to endure, arousing a profound fear of the future. Chronic pain causes a disruption in the relationship between the person and the body. The person is forced to function within the constraints of pain and to find ways of coping. Sufferers are unable to fulfil social roles as expected and are forced to revise their goals and activities to accommodate the pain. The distress of their experience is mediated by the ability to make sense of their condition, finding meaning in the pain itself. This study highlights the value of the phenomenological method in health psychology. Recommendations are made which may be of benefit to people with chronic pain and their families. The multidimensional nature of chronic pain is highlighted and implications for various professionals who work with chronic pain patients are discussed.
Anterior knee pain: uncommon aetiologies
Authors: Louw Q. 
Published: June 2017

The aim of this review is to inform clinicians of less common causes of anterior knee pain. Relatively less common conditions leading to anterior knee pain include infra-patellar contracture syndrome, conditions affecting the fat pad, saphenous nerve entrapment, prepatellar neuromas, increased intraosseous pressure of the patella, ganglions of the anterior cruciate ligament and cysts. The aetiology, clinical presentation, risk factors and management of each condition are outlined. Due to the common occurrence of anterior knee pain clinicians must remain vigilant in assessing the cause of this clinical presentation.
Effects of an exercise programme on non-insulin dependant diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mshunqane N. , Cohen D. , Kalk J. K. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: The best approach in minimising or delaying thecomplications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in South African physiotherapy rehabilitation services has not been established. Physiotherapists continue to rehabilitate amputees as a result of diabetes mellitus. As hospital costs continue to rise every year, it becomes very costly to keep the patients for longerperiods. A study was undertaken at the Bethlehem Regional Hospital in the Free State to determine the effects of supervised and unsupervised exercise programmes in patients with non insulin dependant (type 2) diabetes mellitus. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the two different exercise programmes i.e. hospital based and home based exercise programmes on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: The hospital based programme consisted of supervised walking and cycling whilst the home based programme consisted of walking only. Changes in measures of obesity, exercise capacity, glycaemic control and plasma lipids were monitored before the exercise programme and 3 months after graded exercise programmes.Results: The exercise programmes significantly improved exercise capacity, anthropometric measurements and bloodglucose levels but had no effect on lipid profiles. There was similar improvements in all the groups but no differencewas found when comparing the results between the groups.Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference between the groups, it is concluded that, any form of low endurance exercise programme, whether supervised or unsupervised is beneficial for patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus.
Effectiveness of palliative care including physiotherapy in hiv patients a review of the literature
Authors: Uwimana J. , Louw Q 
Published: June 2017

It is estimated that 41 million people throughout the world are living with HIV/AIDS and of these 39 million are in sub-Saharan Africa(UNAIDS 2004). The HIV/AIDS epidemic is devastating the African continent.In Africa poorly resourced health care infrastructure further impairs the quality of life in HIV sufferers. Palliative care is an approach that aims to improve the quality of life of people living with threatening diseases such as cancer and HIV/AIDS. This review aimed to determine the efficacy of palliative care. Complementary therapies such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, peer/counselling group therapy, massage therapy, and exercise therapy constitute palliative care. Seventeen articles published in peer reviewed journals during the period 1990-2005 were reviewed. The findings of our review demonstrate that there are indications that palliative care can be effective in improving the quality of life in patients with life threatening diseases such HIV/AIDS. Research in this field is complicated by the heterogeneity of study samples, difficulty in patient recruitment, and death before the end of the intervention period. Future research in this area should aim to include larger study samples, using valid tools to assess quality of life and to employ qualitative methods in studies to assess the effectiveness of palliative care.
The epidemiology of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) – a literature review
Authors: Kalyan S. R. 
Published: June 2017

A search of the literature showed limited reported research on the epidemiology of TBI in South Africa. This prompted a search of literature on the epidemiology of TBI in the rest of the world. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in most western countries. Motor vehicle accidents (MVA) are the main cause of TBI, followed by gunshot wounds (GSW) and falls. In South Africa, road accident fatalities are 27,3 per 100 000 of the population. The causes of death and disability vary with age, race and gender groups. Improved medical emergency care has resulted in a decrease in the mortality rate following TBI, but has increased the morbidity rate. The increase in the number of people living with neurological impairments is a significant economic burden when taking into account hospitalization, rehabilitation, medication and the loss of working hours. The emotional burden is unknown. The purpose of this paper is to place in perspective, the epidemiology of TBI, by looking at the published literature in the rest of the world. In the developing world it is projected that the burden of disease resulting from interpersonal violence will nearly double by 2020 unless preventive action is taken. Many more people survive acts of interpersonal violence than die from them.
Attitudes of physiotherapists in Botswana to treating people living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Kambole M. , Struthers P. 
Published: June 2017

Physiotherapists are increasingly treating people living with HIV /AIDS.However, there is little information reported on either their attitudes when providingtreatment to people with HIV /AIDS, or what facilitates positive attitudes. This studyaimed to determine the attitudes of physiotherapists in Botswana towards treating people living with HIV /AIDS. A qualitative approach was used with a purposive sample of 10 physiotherapists working in hospitals and private clinics in Gaborone and Ramotswa. In-depth interviews were conducted with individual physiotherapists, utilising an interview guide in. The results indicated that most physiotherapists had a positive attitude towards treating people living with HIV /AIDS. The positive attitude was associated with interrelated factors including their experiencewith people living with HIV /A IDS (PLW HA ); knowledge of HIV /AIDS; job satisfaction; and a belief in a duty to treatall. A few physiotherapists had a negative attitude which was related to being judgmental and to a fear of acquiring HIVthrough occupational infection.
The rehabilitation of stroke patients at community health centres in the Western Cape
Authors: Rhoda A. , Mpofu R. , DeWeerdt W. 
Published: June 2017

The structure and process of rehabilitation of stroke patientsaffects the outcomes of the patients. The aim of this study was to determine thestructure and process of rehabilitation of stroke patients at Community HealthCentres (CHCs) in the Western Cape, South A frica. A quantitative descriptive study was conducted. Questionnaires and archived records were used to collect the data. The study sample used to collect information related to the structure consisted of therapists (16) employed at the centres; while the study sample used to collect information related to the process consisted of 100 first time stroke patients. Descriptive statistics were conducted using Excel and SPSS. The results of the study revealed that there is a lack of occupational and speech therapy services at the centres forming partof the study sample. At centres where these services are provided the frequency and intensity with which the services are received by the patients is extremely low. Further research is needed to determine if the decreased intensity is onlyas a result of decreased availability of services or if inability of stroke clients to access the services also plays a role.
Reliability of ultrasound imaging for the measurement of abdominal muscle thickness in typically developing children
Authors: Unger M. , Jelsma J. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: A bdominal muscles are key to both posture andgait in both children with typical development (TD) and with disabilities.Ultrasound (US) imaging is a potential non-invasive method for investigatingactivity in these muscles. This study therefore aimed to determine the inter-tester and intra-tester reliability of B-mode US for investigating transverseabdominus (TrA ), rectus abdominus (RA ) and external- (EO) and internaloblique (IO) muscle activity in children with TD. Design: A prospective cor-relational descriptive study. Participants: Eighty six, 6-13year old children from one private and one public mainstream school. Outcome measures: Two sets of B-mode US images where captured per subject during rest and during head-up, resisted head-up and resisted sling activities. Intra-class Correlation Coefﬁcients (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were used to analyse the data. Results: Good correlation was found for both test - retest condi-tions for all four muscles tested during rest: 0.91(TrA ); 0.90(IO); 0.91(EO); 0.94(RA ) for intra-tester reliability and0.74(TrA ); 0.88(IO); 0.74(EO); 0.83(RA ) for inter-tester reliability. Repeatability of thickness measures during activity however showed variation in recruitment patterns. A signiﬁcant correlation was found between age and BMI andresting abdominal muscle thickness (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study supports the reliability of US measurement of resting abdominal muscles and of the RA under active conditions in children aged six to 13. However the stability o measurement of the other muscles under active conditions still needs to be established.
The effectiveness of physiotherapy in cervicogenic headache and concurring temporomandibular dysfunction: a case report
Authors: Lewis F. , Naude B. 
Published: June 2017

The aim of this case report is to describe the use of physio-therapy interventions in a patient diagnosed with cervicogenic headache(CGH) and temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). This case study involveda 26 year old male. The subject’s cervical and temporomandibular joint(TMJ) active range of movement; passive accessory movements; headacheintensity, periodicity and response to analgesics; TMJ clicking and discomfort;Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) scores, were assessed on initial assessment and on discharge 14 weeks later. The physiotherapy interventionincluded cervical and TMJ mobilisation (Maitland approach); trigger pointtherapy and massage; strengthening of the deep cervical neck flexors and scapulothoracic muscles; and posture correction. The subject improved on all outcome measures and was discharged after nine physiotherapy sessions, withfull cervical and TMJ range of movement, improved muscle strength and decreased headache intensity and frequency.This case describes a positive outcome for a patient diagnosed with cervical headaches and temporomandibular dysfunction in which physiotherapy interventions aimed at correcting joint dysfunction, myofascial pain and decreased muscle strength were used effectively.