Abstract A19: A novel cell line model for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, UOK276, derived from an aggressive sarcomatoid differentiated tumor
Authors: Yang Youfeng , Vocke Cathy D. , Ricketts Christopher J. , Wei Darmood , Padilla-Nash Hesed M. , Boyle Shawna L. , Worrell Robert , Ried Thomas , Merino Maria J. , Linehan W. Marston 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents a heterogeneous group of cancers that arise from the nephron and are subtyped by histopathological features. The most common subtypes are clear cell RCC (~75%) and papillary RCC (~15%); whereas chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) represents only 5% of RCC cases. ChRCC typically demonstrate a well-known karyotype of multiple chromosomal losses and a relatively indolent pattern of local growth, but can present with aggressive features and demonstrate resistance to treatment in a metastatic setting. Some ChRCC cases demonstrate regions of sarcomatoid RCC and the exact cause of this differentiation has yet to be elucidated. Cell line models are an important tool for both the investigation of tumor biology and therapeutic drug efficacy. Currently, numerous cell lines models exist that have been derived from sporadic clear cell or papillary RCCs, but there are few cell lines derived from chromophobe RCCs and none are well characterized. This study produced a novel ChRCC-derived cell line model and provides an initial genetic and metabolic characterization.
Materials and Methods: A patient presented with a 20 cm ChRCC with regions of sarcomatoid differentiation that was surgically excised and a section of this tumor was used to establish a spontaneously immortal cell line model, UOK276. This line was grown for over 20 passages and cytogenetically assessed by spectral karyotyping (SKY). Mutation analysis was performed using a cancer gene specific chip, OncoVar V3, which analyses 232 genes. Identified mutations were confirmed in both UOK276 and the original tumor tissue and further investigated for their effects of mRNA and protein expression. UOK276 cells were injected into nude mice to assess the production of xenograph tumors. The metabolic, bioenergetic profile was assessed using a Seahorse XF96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer.
Results: The chromosomal SKY analysis did not demonstrate the classic pattern of chromophobe chromosomal losses, but demonstrated hyper-aneuploidy, with a modal number of 49 chromosomes per cell, and identified a balanced translocation t(X;8)(q10;q24). The break on chromosome 8q occurred near the MYC gene, but break-apart FISH analysis demonstrated no alterations to MYC although amplification of this derivative chromosome was observed and increased MYC mRNA expression was demonstrated. Mutation analysis identified a missense mutation (p.H193Y) of TP53, commonly mutated in ChRCC, which was only present in the sarcomatoid region of the tumor. Mutation of TP53 has previously been associated with sarcomatoid differentiation. Protein expression analysis demonstrated the presence of the mutant TP53 protein in UOK276. A heterozygous germline mutation in TRAF7 was identified resulting in an in-frame loss of 4 amino acids (del T22-P25) that was homozygous in the sarcomatoid tumor region and UOK276. Xenograph tumors were successfully grown in nude mice and provide an in vivo animal model for the investigation of potential therapeutic regimes. The recent TCGA study of ChRCC demonstrated increased expression of the electron transport chain (ETC) genes suggesting increased oxidative phosphorylation within these tumors. Metabolic analysis of UOK276 demonstrated a relatively low level of oxygen consumption (OCR) in comparison to a normal kidney cell line and this was supported by mRNA expression data showing normal or reduced levels of expression for several ETC-related genes.
Conclusions: Our study has produced a novel ChRCC cell line model that exhibits a TP53 mutation, commonly seen in ChRCC, and represents a sarcomatoid differentiated region of the tumor. UOK276 should provide a unique in vitro and in vivo preclinical model system for studying the deregulated pathways and testing therapeutic strategies in sarcomatoid differentiated ChRCC.
Citation Format: Youfeng Yang, Cathy D. Vocke, Christopher J. Ricketts, Darmood Wei, Hesed M. Padilla-Nash, Shawna L. Boyle, Robert Worrell, Thomas Ried, Maria J. Merino, W. Marston Linehan. A novel cell line model for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, UOK276, derived from an aggressive sarcomatoid differentiated tumor. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Metabolism and Cancer; Jun 7-10, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(1_Suppl):Abstract nr A19.