bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whitebark pine mortality related to white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle outbreak, and water availability
Authors: Shanahan Erin , Irvine Kathryn M. , Thoma David , Wilmoth Siri , Ray Andrew , Legg Kristin , Shovic Henry 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWhitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests in the western United States have been adversely affected by an exotic pathogen (Cronartium ribicola, causal agent of white pine blister rust), insect outbreaks (Dendroctonus ponderosae, mountain pine beetle), and drought. We monitored individual trees from 2004 to 2013 and characterized stand‐level biophysical conditions through a mountain pine beetle epidemic in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Specifically, we investigated associations between tree‐level variables (duration and location of white pine blister rust infection, presence of mountain pine beetle, tree size, and potential interactions) with observations of individual whitebark pine tree mortality. Climate summaries indicated that cumulative growing degree days in years 2006–2008 likely contributed to a regionwide outbreak of mountain pine beetle prior to the observed peak in whitebark mortality in 2009. We show that larger whitebark pine trees were preferentially attacked and killed by mountain pine beetle and resulted in a regionwide shift to smaller size class trees. In addition, we found evidence that smaller size class trees with white pine blister rust infection experienced higher mortality than larger trees. This latter finding suggests that in the coming decades white pine blister rust may become the most probable cause of whitebark pine mortality. Our findings offered no evidence of an interactive effect of mountain pine beetle and white pine blister rust infection on whitebark pine mortality in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Interestingly, the probability of mortality was lower for larger trees attacked by mountain pine beetle in stands with higher evapotranspiration. Because evapotranspiration varies with climate and topoedaphic conditions across the region, we discuss the potential to use this improved understanding of biophysical influences on mortality to identify microrefugia that might contribute to successful whitebark pine conservation efforts. Using tree‐level observations, the National Park Service‐led Greater Yellowstone Interagency Whitebark Pine Long‐term Monitoring Program provided important ecological insight on the size‐dependent effects of white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle, and water availability on whitebark pine mortality. This ongoing monitoring campaign will continue to offer observations that advance conservation in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.
Pure, White and Deadly… Expensive: A Bitter Sweetness in Health Care Expenditure
Authors: Castro Vitor 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper analyses the impact of sugar availability/intake on diabetes expenditure and on total health care expenditure. Building this macroeconomic analysis upon the literature on the determinants of health care expenditure, we estimate a dynamic panel data model over a sample of 156 countries for the period 1995–2014. After controlling for the traditional determinants of health care spending, we find that an increase in sugar availability/intake leads to a significant rise in diabetes expenditure (per capita and per diabetic) and in the growth rate of total health care expenditure per capita. Moreover, we show that this causal relation is present in both developed and developing countries. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tritium analysis shows apple trees may be transpiring water several decades old
Authors: Zhang Zhi Qiang , Evaristo Jaivime , Li Zhi , Si Bing C. , McDonnell Jeffrey J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRecent work has shown evidence of ecohydrological separation whereby plants appear to use a less mobile soil water pool that does not mix with more mobile soil water, groundwater, and streamflow. Although many elements of this two water worlds hypothesis remain to be tested and challenged, one key question is “how old might the less mobile water used by plants be?” Such a question is methodologically difficult to answer: stable isotope tracing makes it difficult to resolve any water age older than a few years since the signal gets so damped. Tritium—a useful radiogenic isotope and age dating tool, is now difficult to use in natural systems because most bomb tritium has washed out of soil profiles. Here, we leverage new data from an unusually deep, homogenous soil profile that preserves the mid‐1960s tritium bomb signal. We sample the Fuji apple trees (Malus pumila Mil) growing on this site that have root systems that penetrate over 15 m and utilize water from within the bomb peak soil water distribution (extracted via cryogenic extraction). Our data show that water used by these trees is on average 29 years old. Bayesian mixing analysis suggests that 40 ± 30% of fruit tissue water came from depths between 4 and 9 m within the soil profile (36 ± 9 years old); 60 ± 29% was equally divided between 0 and 4 m and 9–15 m ranges (13 ± 5 years old). These findings suggest that trees can use quite old less mobile water, highlighting the separation in ages between more mobile soil water and water in transit in sap flow.
Separase: Function Beyond Cohesion Cleavage and an Emerging Oncogene
Authors: Kumar Ravinder 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTProper and timely segregation of genetic endowment is necessary for survival and perpetuation of every species. Mis‐segregation of chromosomes and resulting aneuploidy leads to genetic instability, which can jeopardize the survival of an individual or population as a whole. Abnormality with segregation of genetic contents has been associated with several medical consequences including cancer, sterility, mental retardation, spontaneous abortion, miscarriages, and other birth related defects. Separase, by irreversible cleavage of cohesin complex subunit, paves the way for metaphase/anaphase transition during the cell cycle. Both over or reduced expression and altered level of separase have been associated with several medical consequences including cancer, as a result separase now emerges as an important oncogene and potential molecular target for medical intervenes. Recently, separase is also found to be essential in separation and duplication of centrioles. Here, I review the role of separase in mitosis, meiosis, non‐canonical roles of separase, separase regulation, as a regulator of centriole disengagement, nonproteolytic roles, diverse substrates, structural insights, and association of separase with cancer. At the ends, I proposed a model which showed that separase is active throughout the cell cycle and there is a mere increase in separase activity during metaphase contrary to the common believes that separase is inactive throughout cell cycle except for metaphase. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1283–1299, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Barcode technology and emergency medicine pharmacy
Authors: Welch Susan , Samios Peter 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe emergency medicine pharmacist (EMP) represents a new field of pharmacy practice in many hospitals and at St Vincent's Hospital Sydney the EMP visits the emergency department (ED) daily Monday to Wednesday (MW), with other pharmacists providing services on Thursday and Friday. Because newer practice areas need to justify services, barcode technology offers an efficient means to collect service provision data.AimThe aim of this study was to determine whether barcode scanning could be used to efficiently describe and quantify EMP services, including the time involved in undertaking activities.MethodThe Activity BarCoding (ABC®) system is a commercially available software package that involves using a portable barcode scanner to collect and present data as an activity profile. The ABC® data generated for the EMP were reviewed for September 2012–March 2013.ResultsThe MW EMP spent 124.5 h undertaking ED clinical care activities (1.48 h/day). In all, 634 patients were seen and, on average, the MW EMP spent 8.94 min with each patient (range: 6.97–9.93 min). Both clinical and non‐clinical activities could be described, with time allocation and interventions easily quantifiable.DiscussionBarcode technology accurately recorded the variety of and time required for activities performed by the EMP and demonstrated EMP involvement in ED patient care. It provides information that describes and quantifies EMP services that can be used for business case development and service improvements. Further standardisation of activity and intervention categories will enhance data collection, benchmarking possibilities and multicentre research.
Changes in the number and significance of pharmacist interventions at an outpatient chemotherapy clinic between 2009 and 2013
Authors: McInerney Stephanie , Murphy Catherine , Rai Devang , Welch Susan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundHistorically, at the site of the present study, chemotherapy orders were screened by a junior Grade 1/2 pharmacist. An audit in 2009 of pharmacy interventions when screening chemotherapy charts highlighted the need for a senior oncology pharmacist (SOP) to help improve the clinical service and patient safety. In October 2012 an integrated cancer care centre (ICCC) was opened where all outpatient chemotherapy was administered. The SOP was appointed and based in the ICCC.AimTo compare the number and significance of pharmacist interventions made when screening chemotherapy charts in the ICCC Pharmacy in 2013 with the results of a similar audit conducted in 2009 prior to the opening of the ICCC and the recruitment of a dedicated SOP.MethodsPharmacists prospectively recorded interventions and their outcome while screening outpatient chemotherapy charts in 2013. Interventions were separated into haematology and oncology specialties. Two ICCC pharmacists and the registrar of the corresponding specialty separately assessed the interventions, considering the consequence of impact and the likelihood of reoccurrence. Discrepancies were discussed and a decision reached. Results were compared with the previous audit in 2009.ResultsAll interventions (2013) resulted in changed chemotherapy prescriptions. There were 90 pharmacist interventions over a 3‐month period in 2013 compared with 201 pharmacist interventions over a 3‐month period in 2009. The majority were low risk (2009: 54% (109/201); 2013: 62% (56/90); p = 0.126). There was no change in moderate or extreme risk interventions. There was a significant decrease in high‐risk interventions from 2009 to 2013 (18% (37/201) vs 1% (1/90), respectively; p < 0.001).ConclusionThe introduction of a dedicated SOP and an ICCC has coincided with a reduced number of high‐risk pharmacist interventions. Better communication between physicians and pharmacy, and an increased pharmacist presence in the treatment centre, all potentially impact positively on patient safety.
Purification and characterization of peroxidase from sprouted green gram (Vigna radiata) roots and removal of phenol and p‐chlorophenol by immobilized peroxidase
Authors: Basha Shaik Akbar , Prasada Rao Ummiti JS 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDPeroxidase activity was increased during germination of green gram and such an increase may have benefits in many physiological processes. The present study aimed to investigate the optimum conditions for the extraction, purification and characterization of peroxidase from the germinated green gram roots and also its application for the removal of phenols in water.RESULTSPeroxidase activity was increased by 300‐fold in 5‐day germinated green gram. Because the root was rich in peroxidase activity, peroxidase from roots was isolated and purified to homogeneity. The purified peroxidase showed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of 50 kDa, an optimum pH of 5.5 and a pH stability ranging from 5 to 9. The enzyme had 50% residual activity at 70 °C. It catalyzed the oxidation of a variety of substrates. The Km value of the enzyme was 1.28 mmol L−1 for o‐dianisidine and 0.045 mmol L−1 for H2O2. The enzyme lost 100% activity in the presence of dithiothreitol and cysteine. The addition of copper ion increased the enzyme activity by three‐fold. Both soluble and immobilized peroxidases removed more phenol than p‐chlorphenol, whereas horseradish peroxidase removed more p‐chlorphenol. Thus, the green gram root peroxidase showed good pH and temperature stability, as well as the ability to remove phenolic compounds from effluent.CONCLUSIONPeroxidase with good thermal and pH stability was purified from germinated green gram roots and has the ability to oxidize phenolic compounds from waste water. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Potassium uptake and redistribution in Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah grape tissues and its relationship with grape quality parameters
Authors: Ramos María Concepción , Romero María Paz 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study investigated the potassium (K) levels in petiole and other grape tissues during ripening in Vitis vinifera Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon, grown in areas with differences in vigour, as well as with and without leaf thinning. Potassium levels in petiole, seeds, skin and flesh were related to grape pH, acidity, berry weight and total soluble solids.RESULTSDifferences in K levels in petiole were in accordance with the differences in soil K. Leaf thinning gave rise to higher K levels in petiole but, in grape tissues, the differences were not significant in all samplings, with greater differences at the end of the growing cycle. Potassium levels per berry in grape tissues increased from veraison to harvest, with K mainly accumulated in skins and, to a lesser extent, in flesh. Potassium levels in flesh positively correlated with pH and total soluble solids, whereas the correlation with titratable acidity was negative.CONCLUSIONSGrape juice pH and total soluble solids positively correlated with K, whereas titratable acidity correlated negatively. Leaf thinning increased K levels in petiole, although differences in K levels in grape tissues were not significant. This suggests the need to consider the K berry concentration when aiming to optimise K fertilisation programmes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Heterotopic vascularized lymph node transfer to the medial calf without a skin paddle for restoration of lymphatic function: Proof of concept
Authors: Smith Mark L. , Molina Bianca J. , Dayan Erez , Saint‐Victor Diane S. , Kim Julie N. , Kahn Eugene S. , Kagen Alexander , Dayan Joseph H. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundThe use of heterotopic vascularized lymph node transfer (HVLNT) for the treatment of lower extremity lymphedema is still evolving. Current techniques, either place the lymph nodes in the thigh without a skin paddle or at the ankle requiring an unsightly and often bulky skin paddle for closure. We explored the feasibility of doing a below‐knee transfer without a skin paddle using the medial sural vessels as recipient vessels and report our experience in 21 patients.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients who underwent HVLNT to the medial calf was performed. Postoperative magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and lymphoscintigraphy (LS) were analyzed to assess lymph node viability and function after transfer.ResultsTwenty‐one patients underwent HVLNT to the medial calf. Postoperative imaging was performed at an average of 11 months after surgery. Thirteen patients had postoperative MRA, of whom 12 demonstrated viable lymph nodes. Seven patients underwent postoperative LS, of whom three demonstrated uptake in the transferred nodes. In the other four patients, the injectate failed to reach the level of the proximal calf.ConclusionWe provide proof of concept that HVLNT to the lower leg using the medial sural vessels without a skin paddle can result in viable and functional lymph nodes in the setting of lower extremity lymphedema. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:90–95. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resilience of Soil Properties to Land‐Use Change in a Tropical Dry Forest Ecosystem
Authors: Ayala‐Orozco Bárbara , Gavito Mayra E. , Mora Francisco , Siddique Ilyas , Balvanera Patricia , Jaramillo Víctor J. , Cotler Helena , Romero‐Duque Luz P. , Martínez‐Meyer Enrique 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLand‐use change in tropical dry forests can dramatically alter soil properties, but little is known about their resilience. We assessed soil resilience by examining resistance to, as well as recovery from, pasture use by smallholder farmers in western Mexico. We measured 25 soil and vegetation properties and compared old‐growth forest (OGF) sites and pastures to evaluate resistance to pasture use. We assessed whether those properties recovered to OGF reference values after pasture abandonment by analyzing the trajectories of properties along a chronosequence of secondary vegetation. Finally, we assessed whether recovery of soil properties could be inferred from the recovery of vegetation properties. Nine out of 25 properties differed significantly between the OGF sites and pastures. From these nine nonresistant properties, six (i.e.,penetration resistance, soil C concentration, soil C/N, basal area, individual density, rarefied species richness of woody vegetation) showed recovery as a significant positive relationship with forest age. In contrast, surface litter C, litter C/N, and soil available P showed no resistance and no recovery within the successional period examined (up to 35 y). The best vegetation indicator for the recovery of some soil properties was woody species richness. This may suggest that functional differences of colonizing plants matter for recovery after pasture use. Our findings indicate that soil was overall resilient to pasture use, but some properties did not recover synchronously with vegetation properties during succession. Thus, more attention should be paid to soil function, because full ecosystem recovery is often inferred from the recovery of vegetation properties. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A family of surfaces with and Albanese map of degree 3
Authors: Pignatelli Roberto , Polizzi Francesco 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe study a family of surfaces of general type with and , originally constructed by Cancian and Frapporti by using the Computer Algebra System MAGMA. We provide an alternative, computer‐free construction of these surfaces, that allows us to describe their Albanese map and their moduli space.
Patient goals in rheumatoid arthritis care: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis
Authors: Hulen Elizabeth , Ervin Ayla , Schue Allison , Evans‐Young Gina , Saha Somnath , Yelin Edward H. , Barton Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveDuring the clinical encounter, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient goals for care often go unexplored. The aim of the present systematic review was to identify needs, goals and expectations of RA patients in order better to guide systematic elicitation of patient goals in clinical encounters.MethodsAn academic librarian searched MEDLINE, PsychINFO and the Cochrane Library using a specialized algorithm developed to identify articles about patient goals for RA care. Investigators screened search results according to prespecified inclusion criteria and then reviewed included articles and synthesized the evidence qualitatively, utilizing an inductive approach.ResultsA total of 909 titles were retrieved in the literature search, of which 871 were excluded after a title/abstract screen. Of the remaining 38, 22 papers were included in the final review. Investigators identified four major themes in the literature: (a) the bodily experience of RA; (b) achieving normalcy and maintaining wellness; (c) social connectedness and support; and (d) interpersonal and healthcare system interactions.ConclusionPatients' goals when receiving care for RA are multidimensional and span several facets of everyday life. Goals for RA care should be collaboratively developed between patients and providers, with particular attention to the patient's life context and priorities.
Mapped finite element methods: High‐order approximations of problems on domains with cracks and corners
Authors: Chiaramonte Maurizio M. , Shen Yongxing , Lew Adrian J. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryLinear elasticity problems posed on cracked domains, or domains with re‐entrant corners, yield singular solutions that deteriorate the optimality of convergence of finite element methods. In this work, we propose an optimally convergent finite element method for this class of problems. The method is based on approximating a much smoother function obtained by locally reparameterizing the solution around the singularities. This reparameterized solution can be approximated using standard finite element procedures yielding optimal convergence rates for any order of interpolating polynomials, without additional degrees of freedom or special shape functions. Hence, the method provides optimally convergent solutions for the same computational complexity of standard finite element methods. Furthermore, the sparsity and the conditioning of the resulting system is preserved. The method handles body forces and crack‐face tractions, as well as multiple crack tips and re‐entrant corners. The advantages of the method are showcased for four different problems: a straight crack with loaded faces, a circular arc crack, an L‐shaped domain undergoing anti‐plane deformation, and lastly a crack along a bimaterial interface. Optimality in convergence is observed for all the examples. A proof of optimal convergence is accomplished mainly by proving the regularity of the reparameterized solution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid Species‐level Identification of Salvias by Chemometric Processing of Ambient Ionisation Mass Spectrometry‐derived Chemical Profiles
Authors: Giffen Justine E. , Lesiak Ashton D. , Dane A. John , Cody Robert B. , Musah Rabi A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe Salvia genus contains numerous economically important plants that have horticultural, culinary and nutraceutical uses. They are often similar in appearance, making species determination difficult. Species identification of dried Salvia products is also challenging since distinguishing plant morphological features are no longer present.ObjectiveThe development of a simple high‐throughput method of analysis of fresh and dried Salvia leaves that would permit rapid species‐level identification and detection of diagnostic biomarkers.MethodologyPlant leaves were analysed in their native form by DART‐MS without the need for any sample preparation steps. This furnished chemical fingerprints characteristic of each species. In the same experiment, in‐source collision‐induced dissociation was used to identify biomarkers. Biomarker presence was also independently confirmed by GC–MS. Chemometric processing of DART‐MS profiles was performed by kernel discriminant analysis (KDA) and soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) to classify the fingerprints according to species.ResultsThe approach was successful despite the occurrence of diurnal cycle and plant‐age related chemical profile variations within species. In a single rapid experiment, the presence of essential oil biomarkers such as 3‐carene, α‐pinene, β‐pinene, β‐thujone, β‐caryophyllene, camphor and borneol could be confirmed. The method was applied to rapid identification and differentiation of Salvia apiana, S. dominica, S. elegans, S. officinalis, S. farinacea and S. patens.ConclusionSpecies‐level identification of Salvia plant material could be accomplished by chemometric processing of DART‐HRMS‐derived chemical profiles of both fresh and dried Salvia material. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.