bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective breast tissue image classification using Quantitative Transmission ultrasound tomography
Authors: Malik Bilal , Klock John , Wiskin James , Lenox Mark 
Published: December 2016

AbstractQuantitative Transmission Ultrasound (QT) is a powerful and emerging imaging paradigm which has the potential to perform true three-dimensional image reconstruction of biological tissue. Breast imaging is an important application of QT and allows non-invasive, non-ionizing imaging of whole breasts in vivo. Here, we report the first demonstration of breast tissue image classification in QT imaging. We systematically assess the ability of the QT images’ features to differentiate between normal breast tissue types. The three QT features were used in Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifiers, and classification of breast tissue as either skin, fat, glands, ducts or connective tissue was demonstrated with an overall accuracy of greater than 90%. Finally, the classifier was validated on whole breast image volumes to provide a color-coded breast tissue volume. This study serves as a first step towards a computer-aided detection/diagnosis platform for QT.
Opposite effects of high- and low-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation probed with visual motion adaptation
Authors: Campana Gianluca , Camilleri Rebecca , Moret Beatrice , Ghin Filippo , Pavan Andrea 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTranscranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) is a recent neuro-modulation technique whose effects at both behavioural and neural level are still debated. Here we employed the well-known phenomenon of motion after-effect (MAE) in order to investigate the effects of high- vs. low-frequency tRNS on motion adaptation and recovery. Participants were asked to estimate the MAE duration following prolonged adaptation (20 s) to a complex moving pattern, while being stimulated with either sham or tRNS across different blocks. Different groups were administered with either high- or low-frequency tRNS. Stimulation sites were either bilateral human MT complex (hMT+) or frontal areas. The results showed that, whereas no effects on MAE duration were induced by stimulating frontal areas, when applied to the bilateral hMT+, high-frequency tRNS caused a significant decrease in MAE duration whereas low-frequency tRNS caused a significant corresponding increase in MAE duration. These findings indicate that high- and low-frequency tRNS have opposed effects on the adaptation-dependent unbalance between neurons tuned to opposite motion directions, and thus on neuronal excitability.
The Relationship Between Grammatical Development and Disfluencies in Preschool Children Who Stutter and Those Who Recover
Authors: Hollister Julia , Van Horne Amanda Owen , Zebrowski Patricia 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The dual diathesis stressor model indicates that a mismatch between a child's endogenous linguistic abilities and exogenous linguistic contexts is one factor that contributes to stuttering behavior. In the present study, we used a developmental framework to investigate if reducing the gap between endogenous and exogenous linguistics factors would result in less disfluency for typical children, children who recover from stuttering (CWS-R), and children who persist.

Method
Children between 28 and 43 months of age participated in this study: 8 typical children, 5 CWS-R, and 8 children who persist. The children were followed for 18 months with language samples collected every 6 months. The Index of Productive Syntax (Scarborough, 1990) served as a measure of endogenous grammatical ability. Length and complexity of active declarative sentences served as a measure of exogenous linguistic demand. A hierarchical linear model analysis was conducted using a mixed-model approach.

Results
The results partially corroborate the dual diathesis stressor model. Disfluencies significantly decreased in CWS-R as grammatical abilities (not age) increased. Language development may serve as a protective factor or catalyst for recovery for CWS-R. As grammatical ability grew and the gap between linguistic ability and demand decreased; however, none of the three groups was more likely to produce disfluencies in longer and more complex utterances.
Algorithm-Driven Dosage Decisions (AD
3
): Optimizing Treatment for Children With Language Impairment
Authors: Justice Laura M. , Logan Jessica , Jiang Hui , Schmitt Mary Beth 
Published: December 2016

Background
This study was designed to provide recommended amounts of treatment to achieve the optimal amount of language gain for children with language impairment.

Method
The authors retrospectively analyzed treatment outcomes for 233 children for delivered dose, intensity, and cumulative intensity of therapy. The steps of the analytical process they applied to arrive at algorithms for recommended amounts of treatment were (1) multilevel modeling to predict children's language gains from the 3 intensity parameters and (2) extraction of regression weights to create a recommended amount of treatment.

Results

Optimal outcomes can be identified using an equation specifying
Ŷ
= desired points of change (e.g., 0.6
SD
units),
V
= child's baseline language skills,
D
= average number of minutes spent targeting language in a session,
F
= total number of sessions conducted across the year, and
D
×
F
= product of planned dose and frequency (cumulative intensity). Input of the values for
Ŷ
and
V
provides recommended amount of treatment.

Conclusions
This study constitutes the first effort to provide empirical guidance on intensity of treatment for children with language impairment. The use of algorithm-driven dosage recommendations may be more effective than clinician judgment and trial and error, although these correlational results must be confirmed with experimental methods.
The Relationship Between Relative Fundamental Frequency and a Kinematic Estimate of Laryngeal Stiffness in Healthy Adults
Authors: McKenna Victoria S. , Heller Murray Elizabeth S. , Lien Yu-An S. , Stepp Cara E. 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThis study examined the relationship between the acoustic measure relative fundamental frequency (RFF) and a kinematic estimate of laryngeal stiffness.MethodTwelve healthy adults (mean age = 22.7 years,SD= 4.4; 10 women, 2 men) produced repetitions of /ifi/ while varying their vocal effort during simultaneous acoustic and video nasendoscopic recordings. RFF was determined from the last 10 voicing cycles before the voiceless obstruent (RFF offset) and the first 10 cycles of revoicing (RFF onset). A kinematic stiffness ratio was calculated for the vocal fold adductory gesture during revoicing by normalizing the maximum angular velocity by the maximum glottic angle during the voiceless obstruent.ResultsA linear mixed effect model indicated that RFF offset and onset were significant predictors of the kinematic stiffness ratios. The model accounted for 52% of the variance in the kinematic data. Individual relationships between RFF and kinematic stiffness ratios varied across participants, with at least moderate negative correlations in 83% of participants for RFF offset but only 40% of participants for RFF onset.ConclusionsRFF significantly predicted kinematic estimates of laryngeal stiffness in healthy speakers and has the potential to be a useful clinical indicator of laryngeal tension. Further research is needed in individuals with voice disorders.
Preparation of core‐shell Zn‐doped CoFe2O4 cubes @CNT composites and their absorbing performances
Authors: Xue Haoliang , Jiao Qingze , Hao Liang , Ni Xiang , Wang Yajiao , Li Hansheng , Wu Qin , Zhao Yun 
Published: December 2016

Core–shell structured composites of Zn‐doped CoFe2O4 cubes @CNTs were in situ synthesised using a CVD method at 450°C with Zn‐doped CoFe2O4 cubes as catalysts and ethanol as carbon source. The as‐obtained products were characterised using an X‐ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscope, thermogravimetric analyser and vibrating sample magnetometer. Results demonstrated that CNTs uniformly grew on the surface of Zn doped CoFe2O4 cubes to form the shell with average diameter of 20–80 nm. The average diameter of the core/shell Zn‐doped CoFe2O4@CNTs cubes range from 3 to 10 µm. The magnetic hysteresis curves of Zn‐doped CoFe2O4 cubes @CNTs illustrated the strong magnetic response to a varying magnetic field and the saturation magnetisations for the composites obtained at 450 and 600°C were 33.55 and 10.05 emu g−1, respectively. A minimum reflection loss of −9.98 dB was observed at 9.2 GHz for the Zn‐doped CoFe2O4@CNTs core/shell composites with a thickness of 2 mm. The Zn‐doped CoFe2O4@CNTs core/shell composites prepared at a higher temperature exhibited better microwave absorbing performance than the sample prepared at a lower temperature.
Climate variation drives dengue dynamics
Authors: Xu Lei , Stige Leif C. , Chan Kung-Sik , Zhou Jie , Yang Jun , Sang Shaowei , Wang Ming , Yang Zhicong , Yan Ziqiang , Jiang Tong , Lu Liang , Yue Yujuan , Liu Xiaobo , Lin Hualiang , Xu Jianguo , Liu Qiyong , Stenseth Nils Chr. 
Published: December 2016

Significance
Dengue is a vector-borne infectious disease that threatens human health on a global scale. Because of climate change, globalization, and other factors, dengue has increasingly spread to new countries and over larger areas, from tropical to temperate zones. In this study, we found that climate has both direct effects on dengue incidence and indirect effects mediated by mosquito density, as mosquitoes are the vectors of dengue. The quantitative results derived from this study may be helpful toward advancing our understanding of how climate influences vector-borne diseases and prove useful for the control and prevention of dengue fever.
Nutritional, technological and managerial parameters for precision feeding to enhance feed nutrient utilization and productivity in different dairy cattle production systems.
Authors: Empel M. J. van , Makkar H. P. S. , Dijkstra J. , Lund P. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Increased future demand of animal products as well as competition between food, feed and fuel, require efficient utilization of feed resources to strengthen environmental, economic and social sustainability of livestock systems. The objective of this review is to summarize current knowledge on precision feeding (PF) and the relevance of PF approaches in dairy cattle production systems in developing countries. The concept of PF aims at achieving balanced nutrition (matching animal requirements with nutrient supply, preferably from locally available feed resources) to improve animal productivity and to reduce both the cost of production and environmental pollution. In addition to the supply of proper amounts of nutrients to the dairy cow using various methodologies and tools, approaches that enhance overall nutrient digestion and availability to the animal are also discussed as an integral part of PF. These approaches involve improved analyses of feed ingredients, nutrient requirement determination, formulation of a balanced ration, individual feeding, optimization of rumen and post rumen digestion, and optimization of metabolism of absorbed amino acids and other nutrients. Based on identified and analysed PF approaches, processing and treatment of forage, including conservation through ensiling, is promising to improve feed intake and productivity of the cow and to reduce excretion of environmental pollutants per unit milk. Experiments with rumen protected nutrients for both fat and protein gave a wide range of results. Inconsistent effects of the use of enzymes such as cellulases and xylanases on feed efficiency have been observed. Plant extracts need more research to get tangible results but have a broad scale of potential (indirect) advantages on production and health. Similarly more research is needed for probiotics and acidifiers, which have shown inconsistent results. Medicinal or hormonal approaches have proven to be effective in animal performance and feed efficiency. Feeding concepts, such as ration balancing programmes or the use of feed blocks, resulted in improved feed efficiency and substantially increased farmer income. In view of large variation in forage quality, rapid determination of nutrient composition of forage on site is indispensable in PF of dairy cattle. The relevance of application of the elaborate approaches for intensive, mixed crop-livestock, mixed extensive and extensive systems have been discussed. The focus of PF in developing countries should be on using feed resources that do not compete with human food, and in amounts that meet the nutrient requirements for production from the targeted animal. Policy and institutional building options are needed to realize the potential of PF for sustainable dairy production systems.
Elimination of Screening Urine Cultures Prior to Elective Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Lamb Michael J. , Baillie Laura , Pajak Dariusz , Flynn Jan , Bansal Vikas , Simor Andrew , Vearncombe Mary , Walker Sandra A. N. , Clark Susan , Gollish Jeffrey , Leis Jerome A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Discontinuing routine processing of screening urine cultures prior to elective joint arthroplasty resulted in substantial reduction in urine cultures ordered and antimicrobial prescriptions for asymptomatic bacteriuria, without any significant impact on incidence of prosthetic joint infection. This simple change would be scalable across institutions with potential for significant healthcare savings.
Optimizations for the Electrically-Evoked Stapedial Reflex Threshold Measurement in Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Wolfe Jace , Gilbert Melanie , Schafer Erin , Litvak Leonid M. , Spahr Anthony J. , Saoji Aniket , Finley Charles 
Published: December 2016

Objective:
The electrically-evoked stapedial reflex threshold (eSRT) has proven to be useful in setting upper stimulation levels of cochlear implant recipients. However, the literature suggests that the reflex can be difficult to observe in a significant percentage of the population. The primary goal of this investigation was to assess the difference in eSRT levels obtained with alternative acoustic admittance probe tone frequencies.

Design:
A repeated-measures design was used to examine the effect of 3 probe tone frequencies (226, 678, and 1000 Hz) on eSRT in 23 adults with cochlear implants.

Results:
The mean eSRT measured using the conventional probe tone of 226 Hz was significantly higher than the mean eSRT measured with use of 678 and 1000 Hz probe tones. The mean eSRT were 174, 167, and 165 charge units with use of 226, 678, and 1000 Hz probe tones, respectively. There was not a statistically significant difference between the average eSRTs for probe tones 678 and 1000 Hz. Twenty of 23 participants had eSRT at lower charge unit levels with use of either a 678 or 1000 Hz probe tone when compared with the 226 Hz probe tone. Two participants had eSRT measured with 678 or 1000 Hz probe tones that were equal in level to the eSRT measured with a 226 Hz probe tone. Only 1 participant had an eSRT that was obtained at a lower charge unit level with a 226 Hz probe tone relative to the eSRT obtained with a 678 and 1000 Hz probe tone.

Conclusions:
The results of this investigation demonstrate that the use of a standard 226 Hz probe tone is not ideal for measurement of the eSRT. The use of higher probe tone frequencies (i.e., 678 or 1000 Hz) resulted in lower eSRT levels when compared with the eSRT levels obtained with use of a 226 probe tone. In addition, 4 of the 23 participants included in this study did not have a measureable eSRT with use of a 226 Hz probe tone, but all of the participants had measureable eSRT with use of both the 678 and 1000 Hz probe tones. Additional work is required to understand the clinical implication of these changes in the context of cochlear implant programming.
The Natural History of Petroclival Meningiomas: A Volumetric Study
Authors: Hunter Jacob B. , Yawn Robert J. , Wang Ray , O’Connell Brendan P. , Carlson Matthew L. , Mistry Akshitkumar , Haynes David S. , Thompson Reid C. , Weaver Kyle D. , Wanna George B. 
Published: December 2016

Objectives:
This study characterizes primary petroclival meningioma growth rates, before intervention, using volumetric analysis. In addition, predictors of growth are analyzed.

Methods:
Patients with previously untreated petroclival meningiomas were retrospectively reviewed (1999–2015). Image analysis software was used to perform volumetric analyses of tumor size and growth. Three-dimensional segmentation volumetric analyses were compared with volumes estimated utilizing three orthogonal dimensions. Tumor growth was defined as a 15% increase in volume.

Results:
Thirty-four patients who underwent at least two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies before intervention were included. The mean age was 55.2 years, and 65.7% were women. The mean tumor volume at presentation was 5.6 cm3 (range, 0.1–25.8 cm3) as determined from segmentation volumetric analysis. At a mean follow-up of 44.5 months (range, 3.7–125.1 mo), 88.2% of tumors grew. The mean annual volumetric growth rate was 2.38 cm3/yr (−0.63 to 25.9 cm3/yr). Tumor volume, T2 hyperintensity within the tumor, peritumoral edema, and ataxia and/or cerebellar symptoms at presentation were all significantly associated with greater rates of tumor growth. Ultimately, 10 (29.4%) patients underwent treatment during the follow-up period.

Conclusion:
Our experience demonstrates that the vast majority (88%) of untreated petroclival meningiomas grow; the mean volumetric growth rate was noted to be 2.38 cm3/yr. We found a significant association between increased growth rate and larger tumor size at diagnosis, T2 hyperintensity within the tumor, peritumoral edema, and the presence of ataxia and/or cerebellar symptoms.
Live Donors of the Initial Observational Study of Uterus Transplantation—Psychological and Medical Follow-Up Until 1 Year After Surgery in the 9 Cases
Authors: Kvarnström Niclas , Järvholm Stina , Johannesson Liza , Dahm-Kähler Pernilla , Olausson Michael , Brännström Mats 
Published: December 2016

Background
The first prospective observational study of uterus transplantation was initiated in 2013 with live donation to 9 women with absolute uterine factor infertility. We explored the medical complications and psychosocial wellbeing of the donors during the first postoperative year.

Methods
Complications were registered and graded according to the Clavien-Dindo (C-D) classification. Symptoms related to the surgery were registered. Data on length of hospital stay, sick leave, socioeconomic parameters, and life events were obtained. Psychological evaluations (Psychological General Well-Being, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS], SF-36) questionnaires focusing on quality of life, mood, and relationship, were conducted at inclusion and at 3, 6, and 12 months after uterus donation.

Results
One major surgical complication (C-D IIIb) occurred. A ureteric-vaginal fistula developed 2 weeks after uterus procurement. The fistula was surgically repaired. Two self-reported and transient complications (C-D I) were noted (nocturia, meralgia paresthetica). Hospital stays of all donors were 6 days and median sick leave was 56 days (range, 14-132). At inclusion, median scores exceeded the normative values of the Swedish population in Psychological General Well-Being and Dyadic Adjustment Scale. HADS-Anxiety was detected preoperatively in 1 donor. Two donors exceeded 10-point declines in SF-36 summary scores and increased their HADS scores by 6 points during the observation period. All donors returned to their predonation levels of physical health.

Conclusions
The results support that it is feasible to retrieve a uterus safely from a live donor. Further studies are needed to better evaluate the method.
Genomic characterization of serial-passaged Ebola virus in a boa constrictor cell line
Authors: Fedewa Greg , Radoshitzky Sheli R. , Chī Xiǎolì , Dǒngb Lián , Spear Melissa , Strauli Nicolas , Stenglein Mark D. , Hernandez Ryan D. , Jahrling Peter B. , Kuhn Jens H. , DeRisi Joseph 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTEbola virus disease (EVD) is a viral hemorrhagic fever with a high case-fatality rate in humans. EVD is caused by four members of the filoviral genusEbolavirus, with Ebola virus (EBOV) being the most notorious one. Although bats are discussed as potential ebolavirus reservoirs, limited data actually support this hypothesis. Glycoprotein 2 (GP2) of reptarenaviruses, known to infect only boa constrictors and pythons, are similar in sequence and structure to ebolaviral glycoprotein 2 (GP2), suggesting that EBOV may be able to infect snake cells. We therefore serially passaged EBOV and a distantly related filovirus, Marburg virus (MARV), in the boa constrictor kidney cell line, JK, and characterized viral growth and mutational frequency by sequencing. We observed that EBOV efficiently infected and replicated in JK cells, but MARV did not. In contrast to most cell lines, EBOV infected JK cells did not result in obvious cytopathic effect (CPE). Genomic characterization of serial-passaged EBOV in JK cells revealed that genomic adaptation was not required for infection. Deep sequencing coverage (>10,000x) demonstrated the existence of only a single non-synonymous variant (EBOV glycoprotein precursor preGP T544I) of unknown significance within the viral population that exhibited a shift in frequency of at least 10% over six passages. Our data suggest that boid snake derived cells are competent for filovirus infection without appreciable genomic adaptation; that cellular filovirus infection without CPE may be more common than currently appreciated; and that there may be significant differences between the natural host spectra of ebolaviruses and marburgviruses.IMPORTANCEEbola virus (EBOV) causes a high case-fatality form of viral hemorrhagic fever. The natural reservoir of EBOV remains unknown. EBOV is distantly related to Marburg virus (MARV), which has been found in bats in the wild. The glycoprotein of a reptarenavirus known to infect boid snakes (pythons and boas) shows similarity in sequence and structure to these viruses, suggesting that EBOV and MARV may be able to infect and replicate in snake cells. We demonstrate that JK, a boa constrictor cell line, does not support MARV infection, but does support EBOV infection without causing overt cytopathic effect or the need for appreciable adaptation. These findings suggest different filoviruses may have a more diverse natural host spectra than previously thought.