bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of ZnSe Nanoparticles Prepared Using Ultrasonic Radiation Method
Authors: Xu Jianfeng , Ji Wei , Tang Sing-Hai , Huang Wei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractZnSe nanoparticles with an average size of 15 nm were prepared using the ultrasonic radiation method. The characterization was carried out by means of XRD, TEM, XPS and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The experimental results indicate that the as-prepared powders are composed of ZnSe with zinc-blende structure. The high purity of ZnSe particles was confirmed by XPS analysis. In the Raman spectra, TO and LO phonon modes were observed at 205 and 257 cm−1 in the ZnSe nanoparticles.
Surface Stoichiometry of CdSe Nanocrystals
Authors: Taylor Jason , Kippeny Tadd , Bennett Jonathan C. , Huang Mengbing , Feldman Leonard C. , Rosenthal Sandra J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) has been applied to determine the constitution of prototypical CdSe nanocrystals synthesized by the high temperature pyrolysis of organometallics in trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). The diameter of the nanocrystals was varied from 22 Å to 58 Å. For all nanocrystal sizes the nanocrystals are Cd rich with an average Cd:Se ratio of 1.2 ± 0.1. The Cd:Se stoichiometery is independent of the starting Cd:Se ratio used for nanocrystal preparation, indicating the excess Cd is not associated with the initial abundance but is an intrinsic property of nanocrystals prepared by this method. The size dependence of excess Cd indicates the extra Cd is on the surface of the crystallite. The coverage of the surface passivating TOPO ligands has also been determined and is larger than reported in previous X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies of Bowen Katari et al. The origin and structural implications of non-stoichoimetric Cd are discussed.
Structural and Electronic Properties of Laser Crystallized Silicon Films
Authors: Sameshima T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFundamental properties of silicon films crystallized by a 30-ns-pulsed XeCI excimer laser were discussed. Although crystallization of 50-nm thick silicon films formed on quartz substrates occurred through laser hearing at the crystalline threshold energy density of 160 mJ/cm2, a higher laser energy density at 360 mJ/cm2 was necessary to crystallize silicon films completely. Analyses of free carrier optical absorption revealed that phosphorus-doped silicon films with a carrier density about 2×1020 cm−3 had a high carrier mobility of 20 cm2/Vs for irradiation at the crystallization threshold energy density, while Hall effect measurements gave a carrier mobility of electrical current traversing grain boundaries of 3 cm2/Vs. This suggested that the crystalline grains had good electrical properties. As the laser energy density increased to 360 mJ/cm2 and laser pulse number increased to 5, the carrier mobility obtained by the Hall effect measurements markedly increased to 28 cm2/Vs because of improvement of grain boundary properties, while the carrier mobility obtained by analysis of free carrier absorption increased to 40 cm2/Vs. A post annealing method at 190°C with high-pressure H2O vapor was developed to reduce the density of defect states. Increase of carrier mobility to 500 cm2/Vs was demonstrated in the polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors fabricated in laser crystallized silicon films.
Phase Segregation in Sipos: Formation of Si Nanocrystals
Authors: Vilà A. , Morante J. R. , Caussat B. , Barathieu P. , Scheid E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA characterization of Semi-insulating Polycrystalline Silicon (SIPOS) layers deposited from SiH4 on SiO2 is presented, as a function of growth and annealing conditions (time and temperature), in order to better understand the processes involved in nucleation of silicon nanocrystals. Correlation between optical and XPS measurements allows determination of the starting composition of the amorphous material. After annealing, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible and Raman spectroscopies have been used to determine the structural and optical characteristics of the resulting material. Thermal treatment promotes a phase separation, modifying the layer properties and degrading the electrical insulation characteristics. Concentration of the silicon dioxide phase increases, whereas elemental silicon precipitates into nanocrystals which nucleate near the interface with the underneath SiO2. Their density depends of the initial silicon content in the SIPOS layer, and some directions such as <1I1> and <220> grow preferentially whereas other directions such as <311> show a slower growth. As the percentage of oxygen increases, the formation of precipitates is less marked.
Electron Beam Excited Plasma CVD for Silicon Growth
Authors: Okitsu'l K. , Imaizumi M. , Ito T. , Yamaguchi K. , Yamaguchi M. , Hara T. , Ban M. , Tokai M. , Kawamura K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractElectron beam excited plasma (EBEP) CVD is a novel fabrication route for poly Si. Deposition was carried out on Si and SiO2 layer from pure SiH4 without hydrogen dilution. Crystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) films were made with electron acceleration voltage, discharge current, source gas flow rate, chamber presser, substrate temperature varied systematically. Average grain size was about 10 nm. Crystalline ratio was up to 0.7 at the maximum. The films contain about 19 at% hydrogen in spite of no dilution. It is considered that EBEP supplies much about atomic hydrogen due to the high decomposability of the source gas.
Light Emitting Nanostructures in Implanted Silicon Layers
Authors: Plugaru R. , Piqueras J. , mendez B. , Craciun G. , Nastase N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractStructural changes in amorphous silicon layers have been investigated as a process route to obtain light emitting silicon nanostructures. The optical emission of the layers was studied by cathodoluminescence (CL). Under 1013 -1014 boron ions/cm2 implantation, nanosized crystalline structures grow in the amorphous matrix. A dominant emission band, centered at 400 nm, appears in the catodoluminescence spectrum of the low dose implanted film, while spectra with a 400 nm intense band and 480–500 nm and 650 weak bands are characteristic of higher dose implanted and anodized layers. The structural changes are correlated with the emission properties in the 400–650 nm range.
Porosity-Induced Optical Phonon Engineering in III-V Compounds
Authors: Tiginyanu I. M. , Irmer G. , Monecke J. , Hartnagel H. L. , Vogt A. , Schwab C. , Grob J.-J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNew possibilities for modifying the phonon spectra of III-V compounds are evidenced by micro-Raman analysis of porous layers prepared by electrochemical anodization of (111 )Aoriented n-GaP substrates. In particular, a surface-related vibrational mode along with a porosity-induced decoupling between the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon and plasmon are observed. We prove that filling in the pores with other materials (aniline as a first approach) is a promising tool for controlling the surface phonon frequency.
Culture, Tradition, Custom, Law and Gender Equality
Authors: Maluleke Mikateko Joyce 
Published: May 2017

Traditional cultural practices reflect the values and beliefs held by members of a community for periods often spanning generations. Every social grouping in the world has specific traditional cultural practices and beliefs, some of which are beneficial to all members, while others have become harmful to a specific group, such as women. These harmful traditional practices include early and forced marriages (Ukuthwala as practised currently), virginity testing, widow's rituals, 'u ku ngena' (levirate and sororate unions[1]), female genital mutilation[2] (FGM), breast sweeping/ironing, the primogeniture rule, practices such as 'cleansing' after male circumcision, and witch-hunting.

[1] Levirate unions occur when the deceased's surviving male relative inherits the widow of the deceased. Sororate unions occur where the widower is inherited by the deceased wife's surviving female relative. The inherited widow or widower becomes the wife or husband to the surviving relative of the deceased.

[2] FGM is not just the cutting of the clitoris; it includes disfigurement, and the changing of the form or elongation of the labia as practiced by Tsonga and Sotho communities.
Editorial
Authors: Venter Francois 
Published: May 2017

This issue contains various contributions on the themes of traditional African culture, the law relating to children and juveniles, the state's social responsibilities, labour law and one on legal education.
In August 2011 Advocate Joyce Maluleke, Director in the Gender Directorate of the South African Department of Justice and Constitutional Development addressed the Annual General Conference of the South African Chapter of the International Association of Women Judges held in Potchefstroom on the dangers of harmful traditional practices such as early and forced marriages, virginity testing, widow's rituals, levirate and sororate unions, female genital mutilation, breast sweeping/ironing, the primogeniture rule, practices such as 'cleansing' after male circumcision, and witch-hunting. Although she considers respect for tradition, culture and customs to be part of the South African identity, she argues that cultural practices should be rooted in respect for human rights, democracy and equality. We publish her paper here as an oratio.
Utilization of Cinnamon Leaf and Shrimp Flour as an Enhancer of Catfish Meat Quality
Authors: Setiawati Mia , Dairun Suclyadi , Suprayudi Muhammad Agus , Utomo Nur Bambang Priyo 
Published: May 2017

Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is a freshwater fish that has been produced in the form of a filet. One of the problems in producing good catfish fillet is compactness and brightness of catfish farmed meat. This research aimed to get feed formulation as enhancer meat quality of striped catfish with added Cinnamon leaves flour (Cinnamomum burmannii) and used shrimp head meal. A Fish with a weight of 208.98±25.76 g reared in 12 floating nets cage (2x1x1.5 m3) with density of 15 fish/nets for 60 days. As treatment, fish were fed with feed contains 1% cinnamon leaves, 45% shrimp head meal, and combined of cinnamon leaves and shrimp head meal, and as control used feed were formulated without cinnamon leaves and shrimp head meal. Fish were fed 2 times a daily with feeding rate 3.5% of average body weight of<br />fish. The test parameters observed were physical, chemical and organoleptic test of catfish meat. The results showed feed with contains cinnamon leaves and shrimp head meal could decrease level of body fat 14.7% compared than control (p&lt;0.05). Feed with used cinnamon leaves and shrimp head meal gave a texture of<br />fillet fish more compact, elastic and color of fillet fish white.
Utilization of Black Tiger Shrimp Flesh Waste for Pop Shrimp Processing
Authors: Irianto Hari Eko , Putri Dian Dwi , Nurbani Siti Zahro 
Published: May 2017

A study on the utilization of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) flesh waste in the processing of pop shrimp has been carried out. So far, shrimp flesh waste is used for the production of shrimp paste, and shrimp cracker. The objective of this study was to develop a fomula for pop shrimp production using shrimp flesh waste. Experimental design applied in this study was three-variables mixture design, in which variables observed were shrimp flesh waste, surimi and tapioca flour. Pop shrimp obtained was evaluated for sensory properties. The best product processed using a selected formula was analysed chemically and microbiologically, particularly for proxymate composition and total plate count respectively. Selected formula of pop shrimp consisted of 50.91% shrimp flesh waste, 18.18% surimi, 3.64% tapioca flour, 10.91% onion, 2.18% garlic, 0.73% pepper powder, 1.45% sugar, 0.36% monosodium glutamate, 0.73% ginger, 1.45% salt, 4.44% butter mix, 1.38% corn flour (maizena) and 3.64% bread crumb. Proxymate composition of the best pop shrimp was 70.52% moisture, 0.73% ash, 0.39% fat, and 7.44% protein, while microbiological load in terms of total plate count was 3.3x103 colonies/g.
Combination of Sardine and Shark Oil High Content of Omega-3 and Squalene
Authors: Musbah Muhamad , Suseno Sugeng Heri , Uju Uju 
Published: May 2017

Sardine oil contain high concentration of EPA but low of DHA while shark is reverse. Shark oil high contain of DHA and squalene but low EPA. This research aim to fortify the quality of fish oil withomega-3 and squalen and improve the quality of fish oil. The combination of fish oil (sardine:shark) 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3, 1: 4, 2: 1, 3: 1 and 4:1 showed significant results on peroxide, anisidine, and total oxidation value, however free fatty acids analysis did not show the influence to the content value. The best oxidation parameters value werefound (sardine: shark) (1:4) with peroxide was 5.44±0.06 mEq/kg, anisidine was 8.3±0.72 mEq/kg and total oxidation was 19.27±0.7mEq/kg. Fatty acids profile between sardines and shark oil containedvarious SFA, MUFA and PUFA. Sardine oil which was added more to combination ratio will increase omega-3. Sample 1:4 had 43.16% squalene.
La interactividad en el aula. Un reto de la escuela 2.0
Authors: Gil Pérez Ana , Berlanga Fernández Inmaculada 
Published: May 2017

<p>Los materiales interactivos desempeñan un papel crucial en el de las competencias requeridas en todas las etapas educativas: conceden un cierto grado de control en el proceso de aprendizaje. Pero la experiencia nos muestra que la mayoría del alumnado hoy, se implica activamente en los llamados medios sociales, mientras que pocos de ellos suelen mantener sus blogs de estudios o crean actividades interactivas. El presente artículo recoge una investigación teórica-descriptiva que profundiza en el concepto de interactividad para comprobar la funcionalidad de las actividades interactivas en la escuela, en particular en la etapa final de la primaria centrándose en las características que debe reunir una actividad para que pueda considerarse verdaderamente interactiva. Le sigue un trabajo de campo que incluye la observación en el aula, el análisis de soporte de blogs de aula y se completa con algunas entrevistas al alumnado. Los resultados obtenidos permitirán conocer la efectividad de las actividades y plantear propuestas en aras de una mejora de las competencias digitales en esta etapa.</p>
Experiencias formativas de uso didáctico de la realidad aumentada con alumnado del grado de educación primaria en la universidad de Málaga
Authors: Moreno Martínez Noelia Margarita , Leiva Olivencia Juan José 
Published: May 2017

<p>El presente estudio describe experiencias innovadoras universitarias orientadas hacia la formación en el uso didáctico de la realidad aumentada de dos grupos de estudiantes del Grado de Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Málaga. Dichas experiencias se han desarrollado con 105 estudiantes a través de seminarios formativos de dos horas en las asignaturas de Didáctica General y Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales durante el curso académico 2015-2016. Los objetivos de dicho estudio estaban orientados hacia el conocimiento de herramientas de realidad aumentada para dispositivos móviles y ordenadores, el desarrollo de actitudes positivas ante esta tecnología y la adquisición de competencias de uso de estos recursos desde un punto de vista didáctico para su implementación con un carácter prospectivo en las instituciones educativas en las que ejercerán su labor docente. Y tras los resultados obtenidos, se constata que en general los futuros maestros encuestados consideran la tecnología basada en la realidad aumentada como un recurso reforzador, amplificador y enriquecedor para crear nuevos formatos de escenarios de aprendizaje adaptados a las características y demandas del alumnado diverso desde una perspectiva inclusiva.</p>
Organism Detection in Permeable Pavement Parking Lot Infiltrates at the Edison Environmental Center, New Jersey
Authors: Selvakumar Ariamalar , O'Connor Thomas P. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT: Three types of permeable pavements were monitored at the Edison Environmental Center in Edison, New Jersey, for indicator organisms such as fecal coliform, enterococci, and Escherichia coli. Results showed that porous asphalt had a much lower concentration in monitored infiltrate compared to pervious concrete and permeable interlocking concrete pavers; concentrations of monitored organisms in infiltrate from porous asphalt were consistently below the bathing water quality standard and actually had limited detection. Fecal coliform and enterococci exceeded bathing water quality standards more than 72 and 34% of the time for permeable interlocking concrete pavers and pervious concrete, respectively. Concentration reductions greater than 90% were observed for all three indicator organisms for porous asphalt and fecal coliform and E. coli for pervious concrete when compared to runoff values, while permeable interlocking concrete pavers only had a modest (39%) observable reduction for E. coli only. The near absence of indicator organisms observed in the porous asphalt infiltrate may be due to the high pH potentially due to asphalt processing. Neither rain intensity nor temperature was demonstrated to have an observable effect in both concentrations of organisms and performance of permeable pavement; but this may due to the limitations of the dataset consisting of 16 events over an 8‐month period.
Determinación y Estandarización de un Método para Cafeína en el Proceso de Torrefacción por Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Eficiencia (Hplc)
Authors: Rubiano Jesús A. , Zuluaga Domínguez Carlos Mario 
Published: May 2017

The work done in the organization. COFFEE COLONIAL.SAS was to evaluate, analyze and verify key information for the identification and standardization of a method for caffeine in coffee roastingprocess by the technique of chromatography high performance liquid (HPLC).
Assays were performed at different roasting process to get the right conditions for the samples, supported by transport phenomena such as, energy, fluids and heat, in addition to following the guidelinesof the Standard ISO 2859-1 Colombian NTC.
To obtain a standard curve, leading to interpolate coffee samples, prepare a solution with Caffeine (Sigma-Aldrich, Analytical Reagent) and Milli-Q water (Millipore Merck 40 ppm), to obtain a solution pattern, from the solution of caffeine more solutions were prepared by 5 micrograms per milliliter caffeine.
To determine the most suitable mobile phase, it began testing different samples of caffeine of coffee with the same water-acetonitrile mobile phase in different proportions, once all the necessary tests and according to the results obtained, the mobile phase allow better separation and interaction with the stationary phase was composed of water-acetonitrile mobile phase in 20:80 ratio.
After obtaining the calibration curve and the more appropriate mobile phase, where injections were made different chromatograms were obtained with bases and defined peaks, which are defined by giving a correlation coefficient of linearity close to one, after which the next step was to find the area under the curve to define the caffeine concentration of the samples and thus being able to express in percentage.
Mejoramiento del proceso de deshidratación de uchuva
Authors: Giraldo Rafael , Vargas Tulio , Gil Humberto 
Published: May 2017

In the drying of food is essential to know the time required to achieve the dry bulb temperature, with the goal of reducing energy consumption without affecting product quality. Appropriate estimate is required to determine in advance the heat transfer coefficient by forced convection between air and product. In this paper we developed a procedure for a drying system in the form of Gooseberry hemispherical and four helmets in a pilot dehydrator trays. The heating time was determined by measuring the moisture loss vs. drying time. Based on statistics reported by the company which conducted the research, significant variables were selected as follows: temperature 58 ° C, inlet velocity 3.55 m / s, presentation of two helmets and a temperature of 62 ° C , velocity of 5.85 m / s presentation at four feet, respectively. These values provided the combinations of different variables and it was concluded by a 23 factorial design as favorable conditions, the presentation in four hooves, a dry bulb temperature of 62°C and inlet velocity of 3.55 m / s.
With these results, the drying conditions scaled by a dimensionless analysis on industrial equipment, maintaining the temperature of 62 ° C and the presentation of four feet, giving a result for the air inlet velocity of 8m / s. The above conditions allow to reduce the drying process in 4 hours, with a final moisture content of 13.8% without significantly affecting the quality of the product.
Management Control for Stimulating Different Types of Creativity: The Role of Budgets
Authors: Chen Clara Xiaoling 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
The Cools et al. (2017; hereafter, CSV) study examines the role of budget for two different types of creativity: expected creativity (for open problems) and responsive creativity (for closed problems). Using a comparative case study involving four organizations engaged in creative activities, this study finds that budgets are used in a more interactive way in firms where creativity for open problems is more important and are used in a more diagnostic way in firms where creativity for closed problems is more important. In this brief discussion of the study, I first discuss the major strengths of CSV, then offer my comments on some aspects of the paper, and finally identify some potential extensions of this study for future research. In summary, CSV contribute to a growing management accounting literature that documents the positive role of management control systems in creative activities. By distinguishing between different types of creativity, CSV provide many promising opportunities for future research.
ANTROPOMETRÍA. ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE LAS TECNOLOGÍAS PARA LA CAPTACIÓN DE LAS DIMENSIONES ANTROPOMÉTRICAS
Authors: Lescay Rosmery Nariño , Alonso Becerra Alicia , Hernández González Anaisa 
Published: May 2017

Este artículo constituye una revisión de los principales aspectos de la Antropometría y las distintas tecnologías para la captación de las dimensiones antropométricas. La antropometría es una disciplina científica que está estrechamente relacionada con la Ergonomía Física y se desarrolla en diferentes campos de aplicación. Es la ciencia que estudia las dimensiones del cuerpo humano, los conocimientos y técnicas para llevar a cabo las mediciones, así como su tratamiento estadístico.Para obtener datos antropométricos con fines ergonómicos, ya sea para un estudio real o académico, es necesario contar con herramientas adecuadas para realizar este tipo de mediciones.Son diversas las tecnologías o dispositivos existentes para la captación de las dimensiones antropométricas y aunque históricamente la antropometría ha sido unidimensional, registrada de forma manual, utilizando diferentes instrumentos tales como: estadiómetro, antropómetro, compás antropométrico, cinta métrica, silla antropométrica, entre otros; el desarrollo de las tecnologías ha permitido la creación de sistemas de captación de las dimensiones antropométricas que no requieren del contacto directo con la persona a medir.