bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytoskeleton reorganization/disorganization is a key feature of induced inaccessibility for defence to successive pathogen attacks
Authors: Moral Juan , Montilla‐Bascón Gracia , Canales Francisco J. , Rubiales Diego , Prats Elena 
Published: May 2016

SummaryIn this work, we investigated the involvement of the long‐term dynamics of cytoskeletal reorganization on the induced inaccessibility phenomenon by which cells that successfully defend against a previous fungal attack become highly resistant to subsequent attacks. This was performed on pea through double inoculation experiments using inappropriate (Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae, Bga) and appropriate (Erysiphe pisi, Ep) powdery mildew fungi. Pea leaves previously inoculated with Bga showed a significant reduction of later Ep infection relative to leaves inoculated only with Ep, indicating that cells had developed induced inaccessibility. This reduction in Ep infection was higher when the time interval between Bga and Ep inoculation ranged between 18 and 24 h, although increased penetration resistance in co‐infected cells was observed even with time intervals of 24 days between inoculations. Interestingly, this increase in resistance to Ep following successful defence to the inappropriate Bga was associated with an increase in actin microfilament density that reached a maximum at 18–24 h after Bga inoculation and very slowly decreased afterwards. The putative role of cytoskeleton reorganization/disorganization leading to inaccessibility is supported by the suppression of the induced resistance mediated by specific actin (cytochalasin D, latrunculin B) or general protein (cycloheximide) inhibitors.
Motor neuron disease with saccadic abnormalities similar to progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Tokushige Shin‐ichi , Terao Yasuo , Matsuda Shun‐ichi , Inomata‐Terada Satomi , Shimizu Takahiro , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Hamada Masashi , Yugeta Akihiro , Hanajima Ritsuko , Mori Harushi , Tsuji Shoji , Ugawa Yoshikazu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, a variety of clinical types of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have come to be recognized. As some patients present with oculomotor abnormalities both clinically and pathologically, the progressive supranuclear palsy variant of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has been proposed.AimTo describe atypical cases of motor neuron disease with abnormal extraocular movements mimicking progressive supranuclear palsy.MethodsWe present three motor neuron disease patients with slow saccades, who were aged 57, 63 and 62 years. Neurological examinations found vertical gaze palsy in two patients. The two patients who presented extrapyramidal signs were regarded as motor neuron disease with parkinsonism, whereas the other was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Their saccades were investigated by visually‐guided saccade and memory‐guided saccade tasks, and were compared with those of 14 age‐matched normal participants (60.3 ± 1.9 years).ResultsIn all these patients, the visually‐guided saccade latencies were significantly prolonged compared with normal participants, whereas the memory‐guided saccade latencies were not. The velocity and amplitude of saccades of the patients were significantly reduced in visually‐guided saccade and memory‐guided saccade in comparison with normal participants.ConclusionThe patterns of saccadic abnormalities in the patients were similar to those of progressive supranuclear palsy patients, suggesting that some patients with motor neuron disease show saccade abnormalities similar to those of progressive supranuclear palsy patients from the clinical and physiological perspective. Motor neuron disease with slow saccades and parkinsonism, as reported here, suggest the existence of progressive supranuclear palsy‐variant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Early onset of cardiomyopathy and intellectual disability in a girl with Danon disease associated with a de novo novel mutation of the LAMP2 gene
Authors: Sugie Kazuma , Yoshizawa Hiroyuki , Onoue Kenji , Nakanishi Yoko , Eura Nobuyuki , Ogawa Megumu , Nakano Tomoya , Sakaguchi Yasuhiro , Hayashi Yukiko K. , Kishimoto Toshifumi , Shima Midori , Saito Yoshihiko , Nishino Ichizo , Ueno Satoshi 
Published: May 2016

Danon disease, primary lysosome‐associated membrane protein‐2 (LAMP‐2) deficiency, is characterized clinically by cardiomyopathy, myopathy and intellectual disability in boys. Because Danon disease is inherited in an X‐linked dominant fashion, males are more severely affected than females, who usually have only cardiomyopathy without myopathy or intellectual disability; moreover, the onset of symptoms in females is usually in adulthood. We describe a girl with Danon disease who presented with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome at 12 years of age. Subsequently, she showed signs of mild learning disability and intellectual disability on psychological examinations. She had a de novo novel mutation in the LAMP‐2 gene and harbored an identical c.749C > A (p.Ser250X) variant, resulting in a stop codon in exon 6. She showed decreased, but not completely absent LAMP‐2 expression on immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses of a skeletal muscle biopsy specimen, which has been suggested to be caused by a 50% reduction in LAMP‐2 expression (LAMP‐2 haploinsufficiency) in female patients with Danon disease caused by a heterozygous null mutation. To our knowledge, our patient is one of the youngest female patients to have been given a diagnosis of Danon disease. In addition, this is the first documented case in a girl that was clearly associated with intellectual disability, which is very rare in females with Danon disease. Our findings suggest that studies of female patients with Danon disease can extend our understanding of the clinical features of this rare disease.
Remifentanil and propofol undergo separation and layering when mixed in the same syringe for total intravenous anesthesia
Authors: O'Connor Sean , Zhang Yan Ling , Christians Uwe , Morrison John E. , Friesen Robert H. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundPropofol and remifentanil can be combined to deliver total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Propofol and remifentanil are sometimes mixed in the same syringe. Since remifentanil is a solution and propofol is an emulsion, we hypothesized that they would separate over time when mixed in the same syringe.MethodsNine 60‐ml polypropylene syringes were prepared as follows: Group A: 1.25 ml of remifentanil solution (1 mg·ml−1) was added to 48.75 ml of propofol (10 mg·ml−1) in three syringes. Group B: 2.5 ml of remifentanil (1 mg·ml−1) was added to 47.5 ml of propofol (10 mg·ml−1) in three syringes. Group C: 5 ml of remifentanil (1 mg·ml−1) was added to 45 ml of propofol (10 mg·ml−1) in three syringes. The remifentanil lyophilized powder was reconstituted with sterile water and added to the propofol by injection through the port on the bottom of the syringe. The syringe was then inverted five times in succession to mix the drugs. The syringes were mounted in an upright vertical position (plunger on top, port on bottom) with wire on a pegboard. Samples of the mixture were taken from the bottom port (via a 3‐way stopcock) and from the top of the syringe (via a stopcock on an 18‐gauge needle placed 5 mm through the plunger) at the following time intervals (min) from baseline: T0, T10, T30, T60, T120, T180, T240, T300. Remifentanil and propofol were quantified using specific and validated HPLC/MS/MS assays with automated online sample preparation.ResultsConcentrations of remifentanil were significantly greater at the top than the bottom of the syringes in groups A and B. Concentrations of propofol were significantly greater at the bottom than the top of the syringes in all groups.ConclusionOur data indicate that remifentanil solution and propofol emulsion are immiscible: remifentanil separates from propofol and rises to the top. Thus, concentrations of remifentanil and propofol delivered to patients from the same syringe during TIVA are not those expected and cannot be reliable. Remifentanil and propofol should be administered in separate syringes when used in combination for TIVA.
The antagonistic regulation of abscisic acid‐inhibited root growth by brassinosteroids is partially mediated via direct suppression of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 5 expression by BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1
Authors: Yang Xiaorui , Bai Yang , Shang Jianxiu , Xin Ruijiao , Tang Wenqiang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBrassinosteroids (BRs) and abscisic acid (ABA) are plant hormones that antagonistically regulate many aspects of plant growth and development; however, the mechanisms that regulate the crosstalk of these two hormones are still not well understood. BRs regulate plant growth and development by activating BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) family transcription factors. Here we show that the crosstalk between BRs and ABA signalling is partially mediated by BZR1 regulated gene expression. bzr1‐1D is a dominant mutant with enhanced BR signalling; our results showed that bzr1‐1D mutant is less sensitive to ABA‐inhibited primary root growth. By RNA sequencing, a subset of BZR1 regulated ABA‐responsive root genes were identified. Of these genes, the expression of a major ABA signalling component ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) was found to be suppressed by BR and by BZR1. Additional evidences showed that BZR1 could bind strongly with several G‐box cis‐elements in the promoter of ABI5, suppress the expression of ABI5 and make plants less sensitive to ABA. Our study demonstrated that ABI5 is a direct target gene of BZR1, and modulating the expression of ABI5 by BZR1 plays important roles in regulating the crosstalk between the BR and ABA signalling pathways.
UpStart Parent Survey—Prenatal: A New Tool for Evaluating Prenatal Education Programs
Authors: Benzies Karen M. , Barker Leslie , Churchill Jocelyn , Smith Jennifer , Horn Sarah 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate a new prenatal education program evaluation tool, the UpStart Parent Survey – Prenatal, in terms of: (a) reliability and validity; (b) sensitivity to change over time; (c) whether results differed for mothers versus fathers; and (d) whether results differed when using an electronic tablet‐computer versus a paper survey.Design and SamplePsychometric study. Participants were 277 expectant mothers (n = 161) and fathers (n = 106) enrolled in Childbirth Essentials, a 6‐week prenatal education program.MeasuresThe UpStart Parent Survey – Prenatal is a retrospective pretest/posttest survey with three scales: Parenting Knowledge, Parenting Experience, and Program Satisfaction, and three open‐ended questions.ResultsThe UpStart Parent Survey – Prenatal is sensitive to change and demonstrated significant positive differences in parenting knowledge and parenting experience. There was no difference in results whether the survey was completed by mothers or fathers. Results were similar whether paper or electronic formats were used. The survey was easy to complete.ConclusionThe UpStart Parent Survey – Prenatal holds promise as a reliable and valid evaluation tool to capture outcomes of brief prenatal education programs that target the general population of expectant parents.
Confidence Intervals and Regions for the Lasso by Using Stochastic Variational Inequality Techniques in Optimization
Authors: Lu Shu , Liu Yufeng , Yin Liang , Zhang Kai 
Published: May 2016

SummarySparse regression techniques have been popular in recent years because of their ability in handling high dimensional data with built-in variable selection. The lasso is perhaps one of the most well-known examples. Despite intensive work in this direction, how to provide valid inference for sparse regularized methods remains a challenging statistical problem. We take a unique point of view of this problem and propose to make use of stochastic variational inequality techniques in optimization to derive confidence intervals and regions for the lasso. Some theoretical properties of the procedure are obtained. Both simulated and real data examples are used to demonstrate the performance of the method.
The Climate Policy Hold‐Up: Green Technologies, Intellectual Property Rights, and the Abatement Incentives of International Agreements
Authors: Goeschl Timo , Perino Grischa 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe success of global climate policies over the coming decades depends on the diffusion of “green” technologies. Using a simple model, we highlight a conflict between international environmental agreements (IEAs) on emissions reductions and international systems of intellectual property rights (IPRs) on abatement technologies. When IPRs are strong and global, IEA signatories anticipate rent extraction by innovators. This hold‐up effect reduces abatement, potentially to levels below those of non‐signatories, and it reduces the number of signatories to self‐enforcing IEAs. We explore policy options that respect existing property rights, but avoid the strategic interaction between signatories to an IEA and innovators.
How Productive Is Workplace Health and Safety?
Authors: Buhai I. Sebastian , Cottini Elena , Westergaard‐Nielsen Niels 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the causal impact of workplace health and safety practices on firm performance, using Danish longitudinal matched employer–employee data merged with unique cross‐sectional representative firm survey data on work environment conditions. We estimate standard production functions, augmented with workplace environment indicators, addressing both time‐invariant and time‐varying potentially relevant unobservables in the production process. We find positive and large productivity effects of improved physical dimensions of the health and safety environment, specifically, “internal climate” and “monotonous repetitive work”.
Aminooxy‐naphthylpropionic acid and its derivatives are inhibitors of auxin biosynthesis targeting l‐tryptophan aminotransferase: structure–activity relationships
Authors: Narukawa‐Nara Megumi , Nakamura Ayako , Kikuzato Ko , Kakei Yusuke , Sato Akiko , Mitani Yuka , Yamasaki‐Kokudo Yumiko , Ishii Takahiro , Hayashi Ken‐ichiro , Asami Tadao , Ogura Takehiko , Yoshida Shigeo , Fujioka Shozo , Kamakura Takashi , Kawatsu Tsutomu , Tachikawa Masanori , Soeno Kazuo , Shimada Yukihisa 
Published: May 2016

SummaryWe previously reported l‐α‐aminooxy‐phenylpropionic acid (AOPP) to be an inhibitor of auxin biosynthesis, but its precise molecular target was not identified. In this study we found that AOPP targets TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE of ARABIDOPSIS 1 (TAA1). We then synthesized 14 novel compounds derived from AOPP to study the structure–activity relationships of TAA1 inhibitors in vitro. The aminooxy and carboxy groups of the compounds were essential for inhibition of TAA1 in vitro. Docking simulation analysis revealed that the inhibitory activity of the compounds was correlated with their binding energy with TAA1. These active compounds reduced the endogenous indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) content upon application to Arabidopsis seedlings. Among the compounds, we selected 2‐(aminooxy)‐3‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)propanoic acid (KOK1169/AONP) and analyzed its activities in vitro and in vivo. Arabidopsis seedlings treated with KOK1169 showed typical auxin‐deficient phenotypes, which were reversed by exogenous IAA. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that KOK1169 is more specific for TAA1 than other enzymes, such as phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase. We further tested 41 novel compounds with aminooxy and carboxy groups to which we added protection groups to increase their calculated hydrophobicity. Most of these compounds decreased the endogenous auxin level to a greater degree than the original compounds, and resulted in a maximum reduction of about 90% in the endogenous IAA level in Arabidopsis seedlings. We conclude that the newly developed compounds constitute a class of inhibitors of TAA1. We designated them ‘pyruvamine’.
Safety evaluation of combination doxorubicin and toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) in tumour bearing dogs: a phase I dose‐finding study
Authors: Pellin M. A. , Wouda R. M. , Robinson K. , Tsimbas K. , Kurzman I. D. , Biller B. J. , Vail D. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCombination chemotherapy holds promise for improving outcomes in malignancy when compared with single‐agent approaches. Care must be taken to avoid overlapping toxicity and to utilize agents with differing mechanisms of action. A phase I dose‐finding trial was performed to determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of a concurrent toceranib and doxorubicin (DOX) combination protocol where toceranib dose was maintained at or near 2.75 mg kg−1 by mouth every other day (PO EOD) while escalating DOX dosage. The dose‐limiting toxicity was found to be neutropenia and the MTD of the combination was determined to be 25 mg m−2 of DOX q 21 days given concurrently with toceranib 2.75 mg kg−1 PO EOD. This combination was well tolerated with no excessive gastrointestinal toxicity nor novel adverse events (AEs) noted. Anti‐tumour activity was observed in the majority of cases. This combination warrants further investigation in the context of phase II/III clinical trials to characterize efficacy and long‐term AE profiles.
SWEDENBORG AND THE PLURALITY OF WORLDS: ASTROTHEOLOGY IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
Authors: Dunér David 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe possible existence of extraterrestrial life led in the eighteenth century to a heated debate on the unique status of the human being and of Christianity. One of those who discussed the new scientific worldview and its implications for theology was the Swedish natural philosopher and theologian Emanuel Swedenborg. This article discusses Swedenborg's astrotheological transformation, his use of theological arguments in his early cosmology, and his cosmogony that later on ended up in his use of contemporary natural philosophy in his theology, especially concerning the question of the plurality of worlds. I will first sketch the astrotheology found in his natural philosophical works, and then turn to the astrotheology of his later spiritual teachings. In Swedenborg's works we find teleological arguments and a stress on the universality of the divine creation and Christianity, as well as anthropomorphic descriptions of extraterrestrial life. By reconciling contemporary astronomical ideas, among others the concept of the plurality of worlds, with Christian dogmas, Swedenborg refuted deistic conclusions that Jesus was merely a mortal, while at the same time keeping his belief in the modern astronomical worldview.
Antibody Persistence in Young Children 5 Years after Vaccination with a Combined Haemophilus influenzae Type b-Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C Conjugate Vaccine Coadministered with Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertussis-Based and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines
Authors: Tejedor Juan Carlos , Brzostek Jerzy , Konior Ryszard , Grunert Detlef , Kolhe Devayani , Baine Yaela , Van Der Wielen Marie 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

We evaluated antibody persistence in children up to 5 years after administration of a combined
Haemophilus influenzae
type b (Hib)-
Neisseria meningitidis
serogroup C (MenC)-tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugate vaccine coadministered with a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. This is the follow-up study of a randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT00334334/00463437) in which healthy children were vaccinated (primary vaccinations at 2, 4, and 6 months of age and booster vaccination at 11 to 18 months of age) with Hib-MenC-TT or a control MenC conjugate vaccine, coadministered with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTPa)-based combination vaccines (DTPa/Hib for control groups) and a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable
H. influenzae
protein D conjugate vaccine [PHiD-CV] or 7-valent cross-reacting material 197 [CRM
197
] conjugate vaccine [7vCRM]). MenC antibody titers were measured with a serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) assay using rabbit complement (i.e., rabbit SBA [rSBA]), and antibodies against Hib polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody persistence up to 5 years after booster vaccination is reported for 530 children ∼6 years of age. The percentages of children with seroprotective rSBA-MenC titers were between 24.2% and 40.1% in all groups approximately 5 years after booster vaccination. More than 98.5% of children in each group retained seroprotective anti-PRP concentrations. No vaccine-related serious adverse events and no events related to a lack of vaccine efficacy were reported. Approximately 5 years after booster vaccination, the majority of children retained seroprotective anti-PRP antibody concentrations. The percentage of children retaining seroprotective rSBA-MenC titers was low (≤40%), suggesting that a significant proportion of children may be unprotected against MenC disease. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT00891176.)
Sequencing Analysis of NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B Genes from Patients Infected with Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes 5 and 6
Authors: Ku Karin S. , Chodavarapu Ramakrishna K. , Martin Ross , Miller Michael D. , Mo Hongmei , Svarovskaia Evguenia S. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) with activity against multiple genotypes of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) were recently developed and approved for standard-of-care treatment. However, sequencing assays to support HCV genotype 5 and 6 analysis are not widely available. Here, we describe the development of a sequencing assay for the NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B genes from HCV genotype 5 and 6 patient isolates. Genotype- and subtype-specific primers were designed to target NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B for cDNA synthesis and nested PCR amplification. Amplification was successfully performed for a panel of 32 plasma samples from HCV-infected genotype 5 and 6 patients with sequencing data obtained for all attempted samples. LiPA 2.0 (Versant HCV genotype 2.0) is a reverse hybridization line probe assay that is commonly used for genotyping HCV-infected patients enrolled in clinical studies. Using NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B consensus sequences, HCV subtypes were determined that were not available for the initial LiPA 2.0 result for genotype 6 samples. Samples amplified here included the following HCV subtypes: 5a, 6a, 6e, 6f, 6j, 6i, 6l, 6n, 6o, and 6p. The sequencing data generated allowed for the determination of the presence of variants at amino acid positions previously characterized as associated with resistance to DAAs. The simple and robust sequencing assay for genotypes 5 and 6 presented here may lead to a better understanding of HCV genetic diversity and prevalence of resistance-associated variants.