bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Acid on Surface Hydroxyl Groups on Kaolinite and Montmorillonite
Authors: Sihvonen Sarah K. , Murphy Kelly A. , Washton Nancy M. , Altaf Muhammad Bilal , Mueller Karl T. , Freedman Miriam Arak 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Mineral dust aerosol participates in heterogeneous chemistry in the atmosphere. In particular, the hydroxyl groups on the surface of aluminosilicate clay minerals are important for heterogeneous atmospheric processes. These functional groups may be altered by acidic processing during atmospheric transport. In this study, we exposed kaolinite (KGa-1b) and montmorillonite (STx-1b) to aqueous sulfuric acid and then rinsed the soluble reactants and products off in order to explore changes to functional groups on the mineral surface. To quantify the changes due to acid treatment of edge hydroxyl groups, we use 19F magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and a probe molecule, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyldimethylchlorosilane. We find that the edge hydroxyl groups (OH) increase in both number and density with acid treatment. Chemical reactions in the atmosphere may be impacted by the increase in OH at the mineral edge.
Uniform Airy Approximation for Nonadiabatic Transitions in a Curve-Crossing Weak-Coupling Case
Authors: Dashevskaya Elena I. , Nikitin Evgeny E. , Troe Hans-Jürgen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis work suggests a connection between Landau-Zener transition probabilities between two crossing potentials in the classically accessible WKB regime and Landau-Lifshitz transition probabilities in the classically inaccessible WKB regime. It is based on the uniform Airy (UAi) approximation which represents a generalization of quantum transition probabilities for linear crossing potentials with constant coupling. The performance of the UAi approximation is tested by comparison with distorted-wave probabilities for an exponential potential model and illustrated for potentials that determine the intersection of twoab initiovibronic potential surfaces of the NO-Ar system.
Shared Mechanisms in the Estimation of Self-Generated Actions and the Prediction of Other’s Actions by Humans
Authors: Ikegami Tsuyoshi , Ganesh Gowrishankar 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe question of how humans predict outcomes of observed motor actions by others is a fundamental problem in cognitive and social neuroscience. Previous theoretical studies have suggested that the brain uses parts of the forward model (used to estimate sensory outcomes of self-generated actions) to predict outcomes of observed actions. However, this hypothesis has remained controversial due to the lack of direct experimental evidence. To address this issue, we analyzed the behavior of darts experts in an understanding learning paradigm and utilized computational modeling to examine how outcome prediction of observed actions affected the participants’ ability to estimate their own actions. We recruited darts experts because sports experts are known to have an accurate outcome estimation of their own actions as well as prediction of actions observed in others. We first show that learning to predict the outcomes of observed dart throws deteriorates an expert’s abilities to both produce his own darts actions and estimate the outcome of his own throws (or self-estimation). Next, we introduce a state-space model to explain the trial-by-trial changes in the darts performance and self-estimation through our experiment. The model-based analysis reveals that the change in an expert’s self-estimation is explained only by considering a change in the individual’s forward model, showing that an improvement in an expert’s ability to predict outcomes of observed actions affects the individual’s forward model. These results suggest that parts of the same forward model are utilized in humans to both estimate outcomes of self-generated actions and predict outcomes of observed actions.
Astrovirus Infection and Diarrhea in 8 Countries
Authors: Olortegui Maribel Paredes , Rouhani Saba , Yori Pablo Peñataro , Salas Mery Siguas , Trigoso Dixner Rengifo , Mondal Dinesh , Bodhidatta Ladaporn , Platts-Mills James , Samie Amidou , Kabir Furqan , Lima Aldo , Babji Sudhir , Shrestha Sanjaya Kumar , Mason Carl J. , Kalam Adil , Bessong Pascal , Ahmed Tahmeed , Mduma Estomih , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. , Lima Ila , Ramdass Rakhi , Moulton Lawrence H. , Lang Dennis , George Ajila , Zaidi Anita K.M. , Kang Gagandeep , Houpt Eric R. , Kosek Margaret N. ,   on behalf of the MAL-ED Network
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Astroviruses are important drivers of viral gastroenteritis but remain understudied in community settings and low- and middle-income countries. We present data from 8 countries with high prevalence of diarrhea and undernutrition to describe astrovirus epidemiology and assess evidence for protective immunity among children 0 to 2 years of age.METHODS:We used 25 898 surveillance stools and 7077 diarrheal stools contributed by 2082 children for enteropathogen testing, and longitudinal statistical analysis to describe incidence, risk factors, and protective immunity.RESULTS:Thirty-five percent of children experienced astrovirus infections. Prevalence in diarrheal stools was 5.6%, and severity exceeded all enteropathogens except rotavirus. Incidence of infection and diarrhea were 2.12 and 0.88 episodes per 100 child-months, respectively. Children with astrovirus infection had 2.30 times the odds of experiencing diarrhea after adjustment for covariates (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.01–2.62; P &lt; .001). Undernutrition was a risk factor: odds of infection and diarrhea were reduced by 10% and 13%, respectively, per increase in length-for-age z score (infection: odds ratio, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.85–0.96]; P &lt; .001; diarrhea: odds ratio, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.79–0.96]; P = .006). Some evidence of protective immunity to infection was detected (hazard ratio, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.71–1.00], P = .052), although this was heterogeneous between sites and significant in India and Peru.CONCLUSIONS:Astrovirus is an overlooked cause of diarrhea among vulnerable children worldwide. With the evidence presented here, we highlight the need for future research as well as the potential for astrovirus to be a target for vaccine development.
BMI Trajectories Associated With Resolution of Elevated Youth BMI and Incident Adult Obesity
Authors: Buscot Marie-Jeanne , Thomson Russell J. , Juonala Markus , Sabin Matthew A. , Burgner David P. , Lehtimäki Terho , Hutri-Kähönen Nina , Viikari Jorma S. A. , Jokinen Eero , Tossavainen Paivi , Laitinen Tomi , Raitakari Olli T. , Magnussen Costan G. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Youth with high BMI who become nonobese adults have the same cardiovascular risk factor burden as those who were never obese. However, the early-life BMI trajectories for overweight or obese youth who avoid becoming obese adults have not been described. We aimed to determine and compare the young-childhood BMI trajectories of participants according to their BMI status in youth and adulthood.

METHODS:
Bayesian hierarchical piecewise regression modeling was used to analyze the BMI trajectories of 2717 young adults who had up to 8 measures of BMI from childhood (ages 3–18 years) to adulthood (ages 34–49 years).

RESULTS:
Compared with those with persistently high BMI, those who resolved their high youth BMI by adulthood had lower average BMI at age 6 years and slower rates of BMI change from young childhood. In addition, their BMI levels started to plateau at 16 years old for females and 21 years old for males, whereas the BMI of those whose high BMI persisted did not stabilize until 25 years old for male subjects and 27 years for female subjects. Compared with those youth who were not overweight or obese and who remained nonobese in adulthood, those who developed obesity had a higher BMI rate of change from 6 years old, and their BMI continued to increase linearly until age 30 years.

CONCLUSIONS:
Efforts to alter BMI trajectories for adult obesity should ideally commence before age 6 years. The natural resolution of high BMI starts in adolescence for males and early adulthood for females, suggesting a critical window for secondary prevention.
Problem gambling and substance use in patients attending community mental health services
Authors: Manning Victoria , Dowling Nicki. A. , Lee Stuart , Rodda Simone , Garfield Joshua Benjamin Bernard , Volberg Rachel , Kulkarni Jayashri , Lubman Dan Ian 
Published: December 2017

Background and aims
Relatively little is known about co-occurring gambling problems and their overlap with other addictive behaviors among individuals attending mental health services. We aimed to determine rates of gambling and substance use problems in patients accessing mental health services in Victoria, Australia.

Methods
A total of 837 adult patients were surveyed about their gambling and administered standardized screening tools for problem gambling and harmful tobacco, alcohol, and drug use. Prevalence of gambling problems was estimated and regression models used to determine predictors of problem gambling.

Results
The gambling participation rate was 41.6% [95% CI = 38.2–44.9]. The Problem Gambling Severity Index identified 19.7% [CI = 17.0–22.4] as “non-problem gamblers,” 7.2% [CI = 5.4–8.9] as “low-risk” gamblers, 8.4% [CI = 6.5–10.2] as “moderate-risk” gamblers, and 6.3% [CI = 4.7–8.0] as “problem gamblers.” One-fifth (21.9%) of the sample and 52.6% of all gamblers were identified as either low-risk, moderate-risk, or problem gamblers (PGs). Patients classified as problem and moderate-risk gamblers had significantly elevated rates of nicotine and illicit drug dependence (p < .001) according to short screening tools. Current diagnosis of drug use (OR = 4.31 [CI = 1.98–9.37]), borderline personality (OR = 2.59 [CI = 1.13–5.94]), bipolar affective (OR = 2.01 [CI = 1.07–3.80]), and psychotic (OR = 1.83 [CI = 1.03–3.25]) disorders were significant predictors of problem gambling.

Discussion and conclusions
Patients were less likely to gamble, but eight times as likely to be classified as PG, relative to Victoria’s adult general population. Elevated rates of harmful substance use among moderate-risk and PG suggest overlapping vulnerability to addictive behaviors. These findings suggest mental health services should embed routine screening into clinical practice, and train clinicians in the management of problem gambling.
INFLUENCE OF POLYETHYLENE OXIDE CONTENT ON SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF PLA/CS FILMS LOADING NIFEDIPINE
Authors: Chinh Nguyen Thuy , Nguyen Trang Thi Thu , Tran Mai Thi , Do Cong Van , Mai Huynh Duc , Tran Trung Huu , Vu Thang Viet , Thai Hoang , Nguyen Giang Vu 
Published: December 2017

This work mentions the effect of polyethylene oxide (PEO) content on some characteristics and properties of polylactic acid (PLA)/chitosan (CS) films loading nifedipine (NIF). The water contact angle, droplet size values and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) images of the films are used to investigate their morphology and hydrophobicity. The obtained results show that the hydrophobic property of the PLA/CS/NIF films is improved by the presence of PEO. Besides, the PLA/CS/NIF films containing PEO have tighter structure and water absorbed ability less than those of the PLA/CS/NIF films
Fuzzy Based Implementation of Multi - Keyword Ranked Search over Encrypted Cloud Data in Secure Cloud Environment
Authors: Merlin. N Gladiss 
Published: December 2017

Cloud computing enables the paradigm of data outsourcing. However, to protect data privacy, sensitive cloud data have to be encrypted before outsourced to the commercial public cloud, which makes effective data utilization service is a challenging task. Even though searchable encryption techniques allow users to securely search over encrypted data through keywords, they support only Boolean search and are not yet sufficient to meet the effective data utilization need that is inherently demanded by large number of users and huge amount of data files in cloud. Hence it is necessary to allow multiple keywords in the search request and return documents in the order of their relevance to the keywords. The works on searchable encryption focused on single keyword search or Boolean keyword search and the result produced by them are rarely sorted. An effective method proposed for this challenging problem is privacy-preserving search over encrypted cloud data. This method establishes a set of strict privacy requirements for such a secure cloud data utilization system through MRSE. Among various multi-keyword semantics, this method chooses the efficient similarity measure of “coordinate matching”. Then according to Top K Query method the sorted results are produced. The privacy is preserved by the chunk of data stored in a various server’s. Then further improvisation is taken to introduce low overhead on computation and communication in future.
Quando um estilo artístico individual se torna uma maneira de pintar? O caso do artista naif Chico da Silva
Authors: Da Costa Oliveira Gerciane Maria 
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo busca problematizar o fenômeno de disseminação do estilo singular de pintura do artista renomado Chico da Silva (1910-1985) entre uma legião de anônimos no Ceará da década de 1960. A análise parte da ordem interna da obra do Pintor para dimensão externa, considerando como vias de compreensão, tanto os elementos plásticos e estilísticos presentes nas telas, como o contexto de inscrição deste fazer artístico. Ao estender sua produção aos ateliês coletivos, envolvendo terceiros no processo de feituras de suas telas, Silva possibilitou a inserção de pessoas que nunca tiveram contato com ele, conformando um grande número de anônimos em fabricantes de quadros profissionais. São as condições particulares do campo de produção naif, assim como, o processo de sintetização formal de Silva operada com base na intensificação do mercado pictórico que proporcionarão a entrada de pessoas distantes dos circuitos oficiais estéticos em uma dinâmica de produção artística.
Causes, Manifestations and Nature of Indigenous Wars in Upper Bakweri Land, 1880-1939
Authors: Anjoh Rose Frii-Manyi , Lyonga Adolf Ngundu 
Published: December 2017

The pursuit to control the villages of Upper Bakweri Land (UBL) by the villages of Soppo Mokongo (Great Soppo) and Gbea (Buea Town) led to a series of wars which erupted in the area between 1880 and 1939. The desire for domination resulted to the formation of two main groups which aligned the other villages of UBL under the leadership of either Soppo Mokongo or Gbea. The creation of competing blocs culminated to the upsurge of indigenous wars among the villages of UBL that dragged the two lead villages to support one side or the other. This paper examines the reasons for, the manifestation and the nature of indigenous wars in UBL between 1880 and 1939. To attain the goals of the paper, the chronological and thematic methods were employed in analyzing and synthesizing data obtained from primary and secondary sources. Information from primary sources came from the National Archives Buea (NAB) and oral interviews. Material gotten from secondary sources was from both published and unpublished works. The findings show that political, economic and socio-cultural factors were the driving force behind indigenous wars in the area. That ritualized combat, the cutting of the head of the leader illustrated the nature of warfare. That the weapons of war used were dane guns, cutlasses and clubs. Although, the wars were classified as either “just” or “unjust’; they never succeeded in establishing a lead village in UBL.
Management of Moderate to Severe Hip Displacement in Nonambulatory Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Shore Benjamin J. , Graham H. Kerr 
Published: December 2017

* Spastic hip displacement is the second most common musculoskeletal deformity in children with cerebral palsy, after equinus of the ankle.* Population-based studies have shown that hip displacement affects approximately one-third of children with cerebral palsy and is directly related to limitations in gross motor function, as measured by the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS).* Children with cerebral palsy have both increased femoral-neck anteversion and neck-shaft angle, with nonambulatory children having the greatest increases from normal.* Isolated soft-tissue surgical procedures for the treatment of progressive hip displacement in nonambulatory children with cerebral palsy are unlikely to be successful as a definitive treatment. However, appropriate lengthening of the hip adductors and flexors can delay the timing of osseous reconstruction to a more appropriate age and stage in the child’s development, which may be advantageous.* An osseous reconstructive surgical procedure in nonambulatory children with cerebral palsy is often necessary; consider age, bilaterality, and combined femoral and pelvic procedures when planning operative intervention.* A morphologically well-developed hip is usually pain-free; facilitates comfortable sitting and transfers and ease of care for those who require assistance with personal hygiene; and contributes to higher levels of health-related quality of life.
Estimation of Pore-Network Characteristics and Irreducible Saturations in Wolfcamp and Eagle Ford Shales Using Low-Pressure-Nitrogen-Adsorption/Desorption-Isotherm Measurements
Authors: Ojha Shiv Prakash , Misra Siddharth , Tinni Ali , Sondergeld Carl , Rai Chandra 
Published: December 2017

Summary
Pore-network characteristics, such as pore-size distribution (PSD), pore connectivity, and pore complexity, along with irreducible saturations in shales, are important petrophysical parameters for accurate estimation of absolute and relative permeability curves of various phases. We apply a method for estimation of these petrophysical parameters in shales by processing the low-pressure-nitrogen-adsorption/desorption (AD) measurements. The method uses effective-medium theory, percolation theory, and critical-path analysis (CPA) to quantify the transport properties of shales. The method has been applied to 35 samples of the Eagle Ford and Wolfcamp Shales with different compositions and from different maturity windows. Further, samples from the gas and oil windows of the Eagle Ford Shale Formation were low-temperature plasma ashed to study the effect of the removal of organic matter on pore-network characteristics and irreducible saturations.
The estimated PSDs of condensate-window samples from the Wolfcamp samples are significantly different from those of Eagle Ford samples. Our interpretation methodology indicates that the Eagle Ford samples exhibit better long-range pore connectivity and lower pore complexity compared with Wolfcamp samples. Consequently, Eagle Ford samples from oil and gas windows suggest better flow capacity compared with Wolfcamp samples from the condensate window. Moreover, the pore-network characteristics of kerogen from the gas-window samples are significantly different from those of oil-window samples. The estimated irreducible saturations for the samples collected from the 100-ft interval in the Eagle Ford gas window, the 30-ft interval in the Eagle Ford oil window, and the 60-ft interval in the Wolfcamp condensate window of shale formations exhibit minimal variation with depth. The samples exhibit large variations in organic content, pore connectivity, range of connected-pore network, and pore complexity that do not affect the irreducible-saturation estimates.
A Review of Wax-Formation/Mitigation Technologies in the Petroleum Industry
Authors: White Meagan , Pierce Kelly , Acharya Tathagata 
Published: December 2017

Summary
Wax or paraffin formation in subsea pipelines is a major problem in the upstream petroleum industry, accounting for tremendous economic losses. Researchers have reported that approximately 85% of the world's oils encounter problems from wax formation (Thota and Onyeanuna 2016). In this manuscript, the authors briefly discuss the mechanism of wax formation in pipelines. Next, a review of various wax-mitigation technologies is provided. The review includes citations of various thermal, chemical, mechanical, biological, and other innovative methods reported by previous researchers and used in the industry.
When do institutions work? A comparison of two water disputes over the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna river basins
Authors: Xie Lei , Rahaman Muhammad Mizanur , Shen Wei 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This article investigates the motives and incentives that drive countries' diplomatic efforts in water disputes. It aims to identify links between the formation of water management institutions (WMIs) and the outcomes of such institutional cooperation. Three features have been identified as key to the effectiveness of WMIs: (1) the development of trust; (2) sanctions aimed at curbing cheating; and (3) the balancing of different countries’ interests over shared waters. This article conducts a comparative analysis of the formation of institutional arrangements among three riparian states by focusing on two cases: water interactions between China and India, and between India and Bangladesh. It argues that India, China and Bangladesh have exhibited different preferences in regard to their participation in WMIs. The two cases illustrate how different WMIs are formed and also how, in proportion to variations in the level of competition over water quantity, diplomatic cooperation through environmental agreements can lead to different outcomes with varying degrees of success. This article concludes that in the context of the global South, where foreign relations are unstable and countries’ reliance on river basins varied, building trust and balancing interests over water management are especially important to the formation of effective institutional arrangements.
Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality assessment of surface water in the northeast Tibetan Plateau of China
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wang Shengli , Yousaf Muhammad , Wang Shuixian , Nan Zhongren , Ma Jianmin , Wang Depeng , Zang Fei 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau is very important as it provides water resources for about 40% of the world's population and the runoff-yield area of the Yellow rivers. In this paper, the water quality in Xiahe County, located in the northeast Tibetan Plateau, was investigated. Six parameters (chloride, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, fluoride, sulfate) were selected to assess the quality and health status of surface water in Xiahe County. The main types of hydrochemical in the surface water were considered to be Mg2+-Ca2+-HCO3−-Cl− and Mg2+-Ca2+-HCO3−. The cations and anions were mainly from weathering and dissolution of carbonate rock. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) results showed that the water quality in all 69 sampling sites was all class I. The integrated health status was higher than 0.95 and the health rate was 100%. Although ammonia nitrogen was recognized as the main contaminant, it had little effect on the entire body of water. Overall, the surface water qualities of most samples in Xiahe County were found to be in good condition.