bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of artificial sebum formulations, their compositions, uses and physicochemical characteristics
Authors: Rosik Nicole , Preece Jon A. , Fryer Peter J. , McRobbie Ian , Zhang Zhenyu J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSebum is a complex mixture of skin lipids responsible for lubrication, moisture retention and skin protection from external factors such as bacteria and fungi. The physicochemical properties of natural sebum are not well understood and are not easily accessible. Artificial sebum is widely used for sebum‐related research such as dermal bioaccessibility, fingerprint production, dermatology, removal and sebum studies. It was found that the composition of artificial sebum affects the bioaccessibility of metals and drugs as well as the growth of some strains of bacteria. Squalene present in sebum was also found to be responsible for creating yellow stains on fabrics, whereas an increased concentration of fatty acids and triglycerides can lead to higher malodour of fabrics. Moreover, sebum and artificial sebum are poorly characterized with only 20 of 81 formulations characterized by certain techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance and thin‐layer chromatography. This article reviews the artificial sebum formulations reported in the open literature between 1965 and 2023. We have discussed the compositions, uses and characterization techniques of artificial sebum used in the previous work and compared their properties to those of human sebum. A total of 81 artificial sebum formulations were found across the literature with 17 new formulations identified. The artificial sebum composition varies greatly between publications and there is no consistent formulation. There is a wide range of chemicals that are used as the main components of artificial sebum. We have highlighted the effect of chemical composition and individual compounds on the overall properties of the artificial sebum reported, and recommend that there is a great potential for creating personalized cosmetics and home care products once the characteristics of sebum are better understood.
Effect of ultrasound pretreatment combined with different drying methods on the quality and bioactive compounds of broccoli stems
Authors: You Wanli , Chen Si , Zhang Jinglin , Ru Xueyin , Xu Feng , Wu Zhengguo , Jin Peng , Zheng Yonghua , Cao Shifeng 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe effects of ultrasound (US) pretreatment combined with drying process on storage quality maintenance and bioactive compound accumulation of broccoli stems were investigated. Results indicated that US pretreatment (λ = 8.5 mm) delayed the decline of L* value and ascorbic acid content but inhibited the increase of a* and b* values, browning index, and microbial counts of fresh‐cut broccoli stems. Furthermore, the US application enhanced total phenolics content by activating phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, cinnamate‐4‐hydroxylase, and 4‐coumarate‐CoA ligase in phenylpropane metabolism. Meanwhile, it also promoted γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation by upregulating activities of diamine oxidase, polyamine oxidase, and aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase in GABA shunt and polyamine degradation pathway, respectively, which in turn, accelerated the biosynthesis of GABA from polyamines and glutamate. In addition, compared with other three drying methods, the combined vacuum freeze drying (VFD) could further retain the sensory attributes and bioactive compounds to a maximum extent in dehydrated broccoli stems. Hence, current findings illustrated that US pretreatment combined with VFD process is beneficial for commercial quality maintenance and nutritional value enhancement, thus providing new perspectives on the comprehensive utilisation of broccoli stems.
Avocado oil used to modify rice starch and prepare gluten‐free cakes: physical–chemical, microbiological, sensory, and nutritional evaluations
Authors: Nunes Gabrielle Tomaz , Frasson Sabrina Feksa , Zimmer Tailise Beatriz Roll , da Costa Diego Araujo , Colussi Rosana , Borges Caroline Dellinghausen , Gandra Eliezer Avila , Mendonça Carla Rosane Barboza 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThis study aimed to use modified rice starch by heat‐moisture treatment with avocado oil (AO) in gluten‐free cakes. Four cake formulations were prepared with native or modified rice starch with AO or soybean oil (control). The cake's sensory, microbiological, technological, nutritional, and bioactive compound characteristics were analysed. All formulations were sensorily acceptable (acceptance index: 72.44% to 79.44%) and microbiologically safe. The cake formulated with modified starch and AO exhibited the best textural properties, softness, and colour, and demonstrated the lowest in vitro digestibility (81.52 ± 2.75%) and glycaemic index (88.04 ± 3.83). AO resulted in higher levels of phenolic compounds in the cake (112.91 ± 1.8 to 237.38 ± 4.1 mg EAG.100 g−1). The use of modified rice starch and AO showed greater potential in the application of gluten‐free cake than those with native starch, resulting in improved product characteristics and good technological and sensory properties. It has also become a promising alternative in gluten‐free food products.
Plasma renin activity as a marker for predicting the antihypertensive effect of switching to sacubitril/valsartan in treated hypertensive patients: Usefulness in daily clinical practice
Authors: Horio Takeshi , Iwashima Yoshio , Yoshiyama Minoru , Fukuda Daiju , Rai Tatemitsu , Fujimoto Kohei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe authors investigated the antihypertensive effect of sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) when switching from other drugs and assessed whether brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) or plasma renin activity (PRA) before drug switching was a predictor of blood pressure lowering after switching to Sac/Val. In 92 patients with treated hypertension, clinic blood pressure, plasma BNP, and PRA were examined before and after switching to Sac/Val. Clinic systolic and diastolic blood pressures significantly decreased after drug switching to Sac/Val (p < .0001, respectively). The level before drug switching of BNP had no correlation with the change in systolic blood pressure (Δ‐SBP) before and after switching to Sac/Val, but that of PRA was significantly correlated with Δ‐SBP (r = .3807, p = .0002). A multiple regression analysis revealed that PRA before drug switching was an independent determinant of Δ‐SBP. Our findings suggest that low PRA may become a useful marker to predict the antihypertensive effect of switching to Sac/Val in treated hypertensive patients.
Color Comparison Between Intraoral Scanner and Spectrophotometer Shade Matching: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Vitai Viktória , Németh Anna , Teutsch Brigitta , Kelemen Kata , Fazekas Alíz , Hegyi Péter , Németh Orsolya , Kerémi Beáta , Borbély Judit 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis systematic review and meta‐analysis compared the accuracy of intraoral scanners and spectrophotometers in determining tooth shade.Materials and MethodsAn electronic search of five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL) was conducted on October 19, 2023. A total of 163 studies were identified from the databases, of which 23 articles were eligible for inclusion. In vivo and in vitro quasi‐experimental studies were included. After data extraction, a quantitative analysis was performed to determine the accuracy of the intraoral scanner in subgroups using four outcomes: trueness and precision with different measurement locations. A random‐effects model was used to pool effect sizes. The pooled proportion with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used for the effect size measure.ResultsEleven articles were included in the meta‐analysis. Trueness with the intraoral scanner was between 0.28 (CI: 0.09–0.60) and 0.38 (CI: 0.24–0.53). Repeatability was between 0.81 (CI: 0.64–0.91) and 0.85 (CI: 0.74–0.92). Trueness showed low, and precision had moderate certainty of evidence.ConclusionThe trueness of shade matching with intraoral scanners is low compared to spectrophotometers, although the precision is considered high and is similar to spectrophotometers.Clinical SignificanceShade determination with intraoral scanners is not recommended.
Successful Treatment of Cryptococcus gattii in an Immunocompetent Adult Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Taylor Joshua M. , Cullin Cassandra O. , Haertel Andrew J. , Lewis Anne D. , Renner Lauren 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAn adult female rhesus macaque presented during routine annual physical examination for evaluation of a 2.5‐cm diameter superficial ulcerated dermal lesion that was subsequently diagnosed as a systemic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus gattii. Cryptococcus gattii is one of several basidiomycetic yeasts responsible for pulmonary, neurologic, and disseminated infections in humans and animals. This report describes the diagnosis, management, and clinical resolution of a C. gattii infection in an immunocompetent 5‐year‐old female rhesus macaque.
“It does change the narrative for health and social care” views of clinical and homeless service staff about the use of intellectual disability screening tools within homeless support pathways in the north of England
Authors: Metcalfe Dale , McKenzie Karen , Murray George , Shirley Alex 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHomelessness is a worldwide health inequality. People with intellectual disability represent a relatively high proportion of homeless people, and for many their intellectual disability is not recognised. The study intended to obtain stakeholder views about how intellectual disability screening can be integrated into the support pathway for people who are homeless. A qualitative approach was taken using Thematic Analysis. Nine staff, who work with homeless people or are involved in the intellectual disability assessment pathway, were interviewed. Analysis produced three themes, each containing two subthemes. ‘Current routes to support’ investigates experiences of the existing pathway; ‘Labels’, explores views about making intellectual disability visible; ‘Creating a pathway,’ outlines ideas about developing and implementing a screening pathway between services. The results help inform how current practices of identifying people with intellectual disability might be improved and the role of screening in this. These results, when combined with other research around screening tools, provide insight into how intellectual disability screening can be integrated within services.
Dietary patterns and periodontitis: A systematic review
Authors: Shi Xinyi , Zhu Peijun , Du Mi , Deng Ke , Li Ping , Sáenz‐Ravello Gustavo , Xu Shulan , Li An 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe systematic review aimed to investigate the associations between index‐based dietary patterns and the risk and severity of periodontitis. Four public databases were searched for relevant published articles. Two independent researchers conducted the study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction. Methodological quality of the selected studies was evaluated using Joanna Briggs Institute Checklists. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023395049). Twenty‐five studies were eligible for this review, including 23 cross‐sectional studies and two prospective cohort studies. The most utilized dietary indices were the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). The results indicated a positive association between higher diet quality (i.e., higher HEI and MDSs and lower DII scores) and healthier periodontal status. Subgroup meta‐analysis for four studies utilizing HEI and CDC/AAP case definition indicates the protective effect of higher HEI scores on the risk of periodontitis (OR [95% CI] = 0.77[0.68, 0.88]) with statistical significance (Z = 3.91 [p < 0.0001]). Dietary assessment was conducted by validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) in 52% of the studies and 24‐h dietary recalls in 36% of the studies. One study utilized a validated 15‐item questionnaire to measure patients' adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (QueMD). The quality assessment showed that all studies were of high quality. High HEI and MDSs and low DII scores were associated with a low risk of periodontitis and better periodontal conditions. The standardized and repeatable diet guidelines might be provided for preventing periodontitis. Future prospective studies and clinical trials are needed to confirm this causal association.
Self‐supervised representation learning of metro interior noise based on variational autoencoder and deep embedding clustering
Authors: Wang Yang , Xiao Hong , Zhang Zhihai , Guo Xiaoxuan , Liu Qiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe noise within train is a paradox; while harmful to passenger health, it is useful to operators as it provides insights into the working status of vehicles and tracks. Recently, methods for identifying defects based on interior noise signals are emerging, among which representation learning is the foundation for deep neural network models to understand the key information and structure of the data. To provide foundational data for track fault detection, a representation learning framework for interior noise, named the interior noise representation framework, is introduced. The method includes: (i) using wavelet transform to represent the original noise signal and designing a soft and hard denoising module for dataset denoising; (ii) deep residual convolutional denoising variational autoencoder (VAE) module performs representation learning with a VAE and deep residual convolutional neural networks, enabling richer data augmentation for sparsely labeled samples by manipulating the embedding space; (iii) deep embedding clustering submodule balances the representation of reconstruction and clustering features through the joint optimization of these aspects, categorizing metro noise into three distinct classes and effectively discriminating significantly different features. The experimental results show that, compared to traditional mechanism‐based models for characterizing interior noise, this approach offers a data‐driven general analysis framework, providing a foundational model for downstream tasks.
Jacobi–Fourier phase masks as ophthalmic elements to correct presbyopia
Authors: Salas‐Sanchez Ángel , González‐Amador Enrique , Padilla‐Vivanco Alfonso , Toxqui‐Quitl Carina , Arines Justo , Acosta Eva 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeInvestigations into the correction of presbyopia have considered lens design, clinical implications and the development of objective metrics such as the visual Strehl ratio. This study investigated the Jacobi–Fourier phase mask as an ophthalmic element in the correction of presbyopia. The goal was to develop a contact or intraocular lens whose performance was largely insensitive to changes in pupil diameter.MethodsNumerical simulations based on Fourier optics were performed to evaluate three different Jacobi–Fourier polynomials, with the aim of providing a range of clear vision (1 Dioptre (D)). Performance was evaluated for three pupil sizes (6, 4 and 2 mm), while polychromatic images were simulated using three different wavelengths (656.3, 587.6 and 486.1 nm). The Neural Transfer function was included in the simulation. To validate the method and results, we used the Visual Strehl combined objective metric (VSCombined) currently used in visual optics. This metric gives more weight to the phase transfer function and is more suitable for non‐symmetrical phase functions.ResultsNumerical validation showed the suitability of the Jacobi–Fourier phase masks for extending the range of clear vision of presbyopic eyes, providing a visual acuity of at least 0.10 logMAR (6/7.5 Snellen) at all distances between 1 and 6 m. The results show a range of clear vision of 1D was not affected by changes in pupil size, an increase in retinal image contrast accompanied by image artefact reduction by increasing the radial order of the Jacobi–Fourier phase mask and a reduction of wavelength dependence of the retinal images. These results are supported by simulated images and the objective criterion VSCombined.ConclusionsThe use of Jacobi–Fourier phase masks as ophthalmic elements for presbyopic correction show promising results, with a good range of clear vision and reduced dependence on pupil size and chromatic aberration.
Accountability as a function of power relationships in public governance networks
Authors: Eckersley Peter , Lakoma Katarzyna , Murphy Pete , Caygill Tom , Pell Charlotte 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn public governance, power and accountability are inextricably linked. However, although an integrated exploration of these concepts could enhance our understanding of how governance operates, few studies have examined them together. Drawing on resource dependency theory, we suggest that power relationships within networks shape accountability and have a concomitant impact on the prevailing governance paradigm. Specifically, where principals possess important resources that enable them to exercise power over agents and hold them to account through hierarchical mechanisms, Traditional Public Administration approaches predominate. Where resources are diffused within elite networks in New Public Management contexts, individual actors can exercise greater power to achieve their objectives, and accountability arrangements become increasingly multidirectional and complex. Finally, if resources are shared across society as in the New Public Governance paradigm, actors generate power with each other to achieve shared goals, and accountability relationships are more horizontal with a focus on learning.
Relationship of sustainable development goals, holistic nursing competence, and social justice advocacy role in public health nurses
Authors: Karatana Özlem , Karaman Mesut 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted to examine the relationship between public health nurses' holistic nursing and social justice advocacy competencies in terms of their attitudes toward sustainable development goals.DesignCross‐sectional survey.SampleThe study sample consisted of 384 public health nurses.MeasurementsData were collected with the personal information form, the Attitudes toward Sustainable Development Scale, the Holistic Nursing Competence Scale, and the Social Justice Advocacy Scale.ResultsThe sub‐dimensions of environment, public, education, and economy were found to significantly affect social justice advocacy, and the indirect effects of 0.191, 0.222, 0.205, and 0.201 were found to be statistically significant with the inclusion of holistic nursing competence in the model, respectively. It was found to explain 32%, 30%, 29%, and 22% of the total effect, respectively.ConclusionIt supports the claim that developing public health nurses' holistic nursing competence and social justice advocacy skills is an important criterion for achieving sustainable development goals.
Control of a Directional Downhole Drilling System Using a State Barrier Avoidance Based Method
Authors: Tian Dongzuo , Song Xingyong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Vibrations such as bit-bouncing, stick–slip, and whirl motion can significantly reduce downhole drilling's performance and efficiency. These phenomena are likely to arise once the dynamical states of drilling fall into undesired operating regimes, as verified by both theoretical analyses and experimental studies. To effectively avoid such undesired operating conditions of a downhole drilling process, this paper introduces an advanced nonlinear state-constrained control method to formulate a setpoint tracking problem of high-order directional drilling dynamics under state constraints. These constraints are carefully defined using the field test results, and their shapes are in complex state-space regions, causing additional complexity to the control design. Moreover, unlike vertical drilling, the directional drilling system requires modeling of coupled axial and torsional dynamics with a higher degree-of-freedom (DOF). In this study, the proposed method will tackle these challenges by converting the original high-order constrained control problem into a standard nonlinear control problem. Leveraging on the linear parameter varying (LPV) method that is applied to the converted system, we can actively prevent drilling from falling into the undesired regimes, to achieve the constrained control objective.
Coupled Flow and Thermal Radiation Simulation for Molten Salt Flow in Random Pebble Bed
Authors: Yuan Haomin , Dai Dezhi , Lan Yu-Hsiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The design of a pebble bed core cooled by molten salt represents one of the Gen IV nuclear reactor concepts. This design lays the foundation for the Fluoride High-temperature Reactor (FHR), which harnesses the advantages of both pebble bed and molten salt cooling systems. While thermal radiation plays a negligible role in heat transfer under forced convection, it becomes a significant factor under mixed convection and natural convection conditions, profoundly altering the temperature profile.
In our earlier investigation of pebble bed behavior, the influence of thermal radiation was not considered. To address this, the P1 model was incorporated into the Spectral Element Code Nek5000/NekRS. The P1 model necessitates an optical length greater than 3, a condition consistent with the characteristics of molten salt within the pebble bed.
The initial step involved verifying and validating the P1 model by comparing it to exact solutions and using OpenFOAM for benchmark cases. Subsequently, the P1 model was applied to simulate heat transfer within a random pebble bed containing 1568 pebbles, operating at an exceptionally low Reynolds number to avoid turbulence. To ensure the accuracy, a parallel simulation was conducted of the same scenario using OpenFOAM as a reference.
3D Printed Capillary-Driven Cold Plate for Hybrid Two-Phase Cooling System
Authors: Shaeri Mohammad Reza , Demydovych Maksym 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, a hybrid two-phase cooling system (HTPCS) was developed for thermal management of high-heat-flux electronics. The HTPCS integrates capillary-driven evaporation from wicks with mechanically pumped two-phase cooling. The capillary-driven evaporation takes place within a compact cold plate housing eight heaters situated on both sides of the cold plate, each heater dedicated to an individual evaporator wick. The significance of this study lies in fabricating the entire cold plate through one single 3D printing process. Constructed from AlSi10Mg using a Direct Metal Laser Sintering process, the cold plate operated with the refrigerant R245fa across a broad range of heat fluxes. Comparative analysis was performed with a 3D printed plain cold plate (i.e., without evaporator wicks). The HTPCS demonstrated stable operation at heat fluxes exceeding 305 W/cm2, marking a more than 103% improvement in the upper limit operation compared to the plain cold plate. Within this heat flux range, the measured thermal resistances achieved by the HTPCS were ∼ 0.17 to 0.24 K-cm2/W. The developed HTPCS emerges as a promising solution for thermal management in high-heat-flux applications. Furthermore, the fact that the fabrication process for the cold plate involves only one 3D printing step significantly streamlines the commercialization of the HTPCS developed in this study.