bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formate‐derived H2, a driver of hydrogenotrophic processes in the root‐zone of a methane‐emitting fen
Authors: Hunger Sindy , Schmidt Oliver , Gößner Anita S. , Drake Harold L. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryWetlands are important sources of globally emitted methane. Plants mediate much of that emission by releasing root‐derived organic carbon, including formate, a direct precursor of methane. Thus, the objective of this study was to resolve formate‐driven processes potentially linked to methanogenesis in the fen root‐zone. Although, formate was anticipated to directly trigger methanogenesis, the rapid anaerobic consumption of formate by Carex roots unexpectedly yielded H2 and CO2 via enzymes such as formate‐H2‐lyase (FHL), and likewise appeared to enhance the utilization of organic carbon. Collectively, 57 [FeFe]‐ and [NiFe]‐hydrogenase‐containing family level phylotypes potentially linked to FHL activity were detected. Under anoxic conditions, root‐derived fermentative Citrobacter and Hafnia isolates produced H2 from formate via FHL. Formate‐derived H2 fueled methanogenesis and acetogenesis, and methanogenic (Methanoregula, Methanobacterium, Methanocella) and acetogenic (Acetonema, Clostridum, Sporomusa) genera potentially linked to these hydrogenotrophic activities were identified. The findings (i) provide novel insights on highly diverse root‐associated FHL‐containing taxa that can augment secondary hydrogenotrophic processes via the production of formate‐derived H2, (ii) demonstrate that formate can have a ‘priming’ effect on the utilization of organic carbon, and (iii) raise questions regarding the fate of formate‐derived H2 when it diffuses away from the root‐zone.
‘We should dress us fairly for our end’: The Significance of the Clothing Worn at Elite Executions in England in the Long Sixteenth Century
Authors: HAYWARD MARIA 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article considers the clothing choices made by some of the Tudor (and Stewart) elite who met their end on the scaffold. While the final speeches of the condemned have been analysed, what they chose to wear has been neglected – yet contemporary observers often recorded their choices in detail indicating that it was significant to both the prisoner and their audience. By exploring the clothes worn for trials and executions, and the significance of undressing in public, this article argues that most elite prisoners used clothing to make a final statement, the nature of which could range from defiance to a wish to make a dignified end.
Bion and C.G. Jung. How did the container‐contained model find its thinker? The fate of a cryptomnesia
Authors: Maier Christian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the possible impact of C.G. Jung's Tavistock Lectures on Bion's concept of the living container. In the first part of the paper, the author offers clues pointing to such an essential impact, which can be found in text passages as well as in the facts of the Bion‐Beckett case, up to and including Bion's first publication of ‘The imaginary twin'. The author suggests that cryptomnesia is the result of repression targeting a highly cathected author's communication which functions like a deep interpretation for the recipient, whose new theory then is a return of the repressed content as well as a transformation of it. The second part of the paper investigates the fate of the assumed cryptomnesia. From this point of view Bion's concept of the container in itself appears to be the result of growth in the container‐contained mode. Finally the author deals with the question whether cryptomnesia in psychoanalytical literature can frequently be seen as the result of psychic growth.
A Report from the Higher Education Review Board (HERB): Assessment of Undergraduate Student Learning Outcomes in Food Science
Authors: Hartel R.W. , Iwaoka W.T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFor the past 15 years, Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) has mandated assessment of undergraduate student learning outcomes as the basis for approving food science (FS) programs. No longer is a check‐off course system sufficient to be an IFT‐approved program. The 4 steps to gaining IFT approval include developing learning outcomes for all required FS courses, developing outcomes for the program as a whole, assessing student learning through a comprehensive series of assessment tools, and developing and reporting a plan to use the assessment data collected for continuous program improvement. This article reviews these steps in some detail, providing guidance on possible approaches that may be used. In the end, the aim of the IFT requirements is to improve student learning in FS to advance the field.
Large‐scale gene expression reveals different adaptations of Hyalopterus persikonus to winter and summer host plants
Authors: Cui Na , Yang Peng-Cheng , Guo Kun , Kang Le , Cui Feng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHost alternation, an obligatory seasonal shifting between host plants of distant genetic relationship, has had significant consequences for the diversification and success of the superfamily of aphids. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the molecular mechanism of host alternation was explored through a large‐scale gene expression analysis of the mealy aphid Hyalopterus persikonus on winter and summer host plants. More than four times as many unigenes of the mealy aphid were significantly upregulated on summer host Phragmites australis than on winter host Rosaceae plants. In order to identify gene candidates related to host alternation, the differentially expressed unigenes of H. persikonus were compared to salivary gland expressed genes and secretome of Acyrthosiphon pisum. Genes involved in ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation and with molecular functions of heme–copper terminal oxidase activity, hydrolase activity and ribosome binding were potentially upregulated in salivary glands of H. persikonus on the summer host. Putative secretory proteins, such as detoxification enzymes (carboxylesterases and cytochrome P450s), antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and superoxide dismutase), glutathione peroxidase, glucose dehydrogenase, angiotensin‐converting enzyme, cadherin, and calreticulin, were highly expressed in H. persikonus on the summer host, while a SCP GAPR‐1‐like family protein and a salivary sheath protein were highly expressed in the aphids on winter hosts. These results shed light on phenotypic plasticity in host utilization and seasonal adaptation of aphids.
Sustainable Mechanism to Reduce Emergency Department (ED) Length of Stay: The Use of ED Holding (ED Transition) Orders to Reduce ED Length of Stay
Authors: Haydar Samir A. , Strout Tania D. , Baumann Michael R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to evaluate the effect of an emergency clinician–initiated “ED admission holding order set” on emergency department (ED) treatment times and length of stay (LOS). We further describe the impact of a performance improvement strategy with sequential plan‐do‐study‐act (PDSA) cycles used to influence the primary outcome measures, ED LOS, and disposition decision to patient gone (DDTPG) time, for admitted patients.MethodsWe developed and implemented an expedited, emergency physician–facilitated admission protocol that bypassed typical inpatient workflows requiring inpatient evaluations prior to the placement of admission orders. During the 48‐month study period, ED flow metrics generated during the care of 27,580 admissions from the 24‐month period prior to the intervention were compared to the 29,978 admissions that occurred during the 24‐month period following the intervention. The intervention was the result of an in‐depth, five‐phase PDSA cycle quality improvement intervention evaluating ED flow, which identified the requirement of bedside inpatient evaluations prior admission order placement as being a “non–value‐added” activity. ED output flow metrics evaluating the admission process were tracked for 24 months following the intervention and were compared to the 24 months prior.ResultsThe use of an emergency physician–initiated admission holding order protocol resulted in sustainable reductions in ED LOS when comparing the 2 years prior to the intervention, with median LOS of 410 (interquartile range [IQR] = 295 to 543) and 395 (IQR = 283 to 527) minutes, to the 2 calendar years following the intervention, with the median LOS of 313 (IQR = 21 to 431) and 316 (IQR = 224 to 438) minutes, respectively. This overall reduction in ED LOS of nearly 90 minutes was found to be primarily the result of a decrease in the time from the emergency physician's admitting DDTPG times with median times of 219 (IQR = 150 to 306) and 200 (IQR = 136 to 286) minutes for the 2 years prior to the intervention compared to 89 (IQR = 58 to 138) and 92 (IQR = 60 to 147) minutes for the 2 years following the intervention. It is notable that there was a modest increase in the door to disposition decision of admission times during this same study period with annual medians of 176 (IQR = 112 to 261) and 178 (IQR = 129 to 316) minutes, respectively, for the 2 years prior to 207 (IQR = 129 to 316) and 202 (IQR = 127 to 305) minutes following the intervention.ConclusionsWe conclude that the use of emergency physician–initiated holding orders can lead to marked reductions in ED LOS for admitted patients. Continued improvement can be demonstrated with an effective performance improvement initiative designed to continuously optimize the process change.
Hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer: Future treatment landscape
Authors: REDFERN Andrew , BURSLEM Katie , WOODWARD Natasha , BEITH Jane , MCCARTHY Nicole , DE BOER Richard , BELL Richard 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEndocrine therapy is an established and effective treatment strategy for hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer. The clinical utility of endocrine therapy is lost over time due to evolving changes in tumor biology and the development of endocrine resistance.Many agents targeting the intracellular signaling pathways associated with endocrine resistance are in development. Encouraging early results have been seen for agents which directly target the estrogen receptor (ER), inhibitors of co‐signaling pathways, inhibitors of ER chaperones, ER antagonists able to inhibit mutated or otherwise activated ERs, and modulators of histone acetylation restoring synthesis of ER signaling components.Following our systematic review of treatments with established benefits in this supplement, we review some of the more promising new strategies for overcoming endocrine resistance, looking at the impact on disease control and quality of life for women with hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative breast cancer. We also examine the biomarkers that may guide selection of the best therapy for the individual.
Modified lumbar artery perforator flaps for gluteal pressure sore reconstruction
Authors: Yoon Chi Sun , Yim Ji Hong , Kim Min Ho , Ha Won , Kim Kyu Nam 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundGluteal perforator flaps (GPFs) are the most useful for gluteal region pressure sore reconstruction. However, application is difficult if the surrounding area has scar tissue from previous operations or trauma, especially with recurrent sores. We describe the use of modified lumbar artery perforator flaps when GPFs cannot be used.MethodsBetween May 2009 and April 2014, 51 patients underwent gluteal pressure sore reconstructions with gluteal (n = 39) or modified lumbar artery (n = 12) perforator flaps. Patients in the modified lumbar artery perforator group had scar tissue from trauma or previous surgery. In this retrospective review, we analyzed patient age and sex, defect size and location, operative time, follow‐up duration, immediate postoperative issues, flap necrosis, dehiscence, re‐operation, donor‐site morbidity and recurrence. Complications and clinical outcomes were compared between groups.ResultsWe found no significant differences in patient demographics, surgical complications or clinical outcomes. There were eight cases of temporary congestion (20.51%) and four of partial flap necrosis (10.25%) in the gluteal perforator group. In the modified lumbar artery perforator group, there were three cases of temporary congestion (25%) and one of partial flap necrosis (8.33%). No pressure sores recurred during follow‐up in either group.Conclusion
GPFs are the gold standards for gluteal pressure sores, but modified lumbar artery perforator flaps are relatively easy and useful when GPFs cannot be used due to scar tissue.
Hemodynamic responses to single sessions of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise in pregnancy
Authors: Petrov Fieril Karolina , Glantz Anna , Fagevik Olsen Monika 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroductionPrevious research on maternal hemodynamic responses to a single exercise session during pregnancy is sparse, especially considering immediate responses to resistance exercise. The aim of the study was to examine blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, and Rating of Perceived Exertion in healthy pregnant women during single sessions of continuous submaximal exercise in pregnancy week 21.Material and methodsA cross‐over design was used. Twenty healthy pregnant women from four prenatal clinics in Gothenburg, Sweden, were included. On day 1, the women did 30 min of aerobic exercise and on day 3 they did 30 min of resistance exercise. Blood pressure, heart rate, and Rating of Perceived Exertion were measured after 15 and 30 min of exercise.ResultsAfter 15 and 30 min of exercise, there was a significant increase in systolic blood pressure and heart rate (p < 0.001). Diastolic blood pressure increased slightly more after 15 and 30 min of aerobic exercise (p = 0.01) than resistance exercise (p = 0.03). Resistance exercise was perceived as more intense than aerobic exercise after 15 min (p = 0.02) and 30 min (p = 0.001) of exercise. Five minutes after completing the exercise, blood pressure quickly reverted to normal although heart rate was still increased (p = 0.001). There was no correlation between heart rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion (rs = 0.05–0.43).ConclusionsMaternal hemodynamic responses were essentially the same, regardless of whether the exercise was submaximal aerobic or resistance exercise, although resistance exercise was perceived as more intense. Aerobic and resistance exercise corresponding to “somewhat hard” seems to have no adverse effect with regard to maternal hemodynamic responses in healthy pregnancy.
The more things change, the more things stay the same: maternal attitudes 3 to 18 months postpartum
Authors: Cost Katherine T. , Plamondon André , Unternaehrer Eva , Meaney Michael , Steiner Meir , Fleming Alison S. ,   the MAVAN team
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimBecoming a parent precipitates changes in new mothers' psychological and social domains. Previous literature has focused exclusively on pregnancy and the early postpartum, but parenting is an evolving process, necessitating adaption to changing circumstances. We extended previous literature and investigate the changes in the postpartum from 3 to 18 months that occur in maternal attitudes.MethodsUsing the Childbearing Attitudes Questionnaire, we collected data on mothers' ratings of maternal worries, self‐efficacy, mother–infant bonding, relationship with the partner and interest in sex (n = 171 women). Data were analysed with a latent growth curve.ResultsResults demonstrated stability in all maternal attitudes after 3 months postpartum. Further, different maternal attitudes are affected by different variables. Maternal worries and self‐efficacy are associated with parity, postpartum depression and child temperament. Interestingly, a negative evaluation of the relationship with the partner was only associated with breastfeeding status, while interest in sex was associated with parity, socio‐economic status (SES) and depressive symptoms.ConclusionDespite general stability, different maternal attitudes related to different sets of variables. These patterns of attitudes in relation to relevant variables are discussed in terms of the literature on self‐efficacy and gender roles, with important implications for clinical interventions.
Inflammation, lipids and aortic intima‐media thickness in newborns following chorioamnionitis
Authors: Rafferty Anthony R. , McGrory Lorraine , Cheung Michael , Rogerson Sheryle , Ziannino Diana , Pyman Jan , Davis Peter G. , Burgner David 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimThis study investigated whether chorioamnionitis was associated with increased inflammation, dyslipidaemia and adverse cardiovascular phenotypes in the immediate postnatal period.MethodsThis prospective case–control study included preterm infants (30+0–35+6 weeks gestational age, GA) whose mothers did not have pregnancy‐related conditions that may influence outcomes. Chorioamnionitis was diagnosed by placental histology, and infants were divided retrospectively into cases (chorioamnionitis‐exposed) and controls (unexposed). Serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), lipid profile, far‐wall abdominal aortic intima‐media thickness (aIMT) and blood pressure (BP) were measured in the first week of life.ResultsThere were 20 (16 male, mean GA 32.4 weeks) cases and 31 (12 male, mean GA 32.6 weeks) controls. Histological chorioamnionitis was associated with a significant increase in hsCRP and a non‐significant trend towards an adverse lipid profile. There was no evidence of differences in aIMT or BP.ConclusionPreterm infants exposed to chorioamnionitis have greater postnatal inflammation. There were no early postnatal differences in aIMT or BP. The inflammatory stimulus of chorioamnionitis late in gestation may be of insufficient intensity and duration to result in immediate postnatal alterations to arterial structure. Cardiovascular follow‐up of infants exposed to chorioamnionitis may identify differential risk trajectories and subsequent inflammatory responses.
The Influence of Remuneration Structures on Financial Reporting Quality: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Safari Maryam , Cooper Barry J. , Dellaportas Steven 
Published: March 2016

Summary at a glanceThis cross‐sectional study investigates the influence of a company's remuneration structure on managers’ opportunistic behaviour. The findings support the proposed hypothesis that a higher level of compliance with Remuneration Principle 8—ASX Corporate Governance Council) is associated with a lower level of earnings management. The findings support the efficient functioning of the ASX proposed remuneration structure.
Identifying Predictive Markers for Personalized Treatment Selection
Authors: Shen Yuanyuan , Cai Tianxi 
Published: March 2016

Summary
It is now well recognized that the effectiveness and potential risk of a treatment often vary by patient subgroups. Although trial-and-error and one-size-fits-all approaches to treatment selection remain a common practice, much recent focus has been placed on individualized treatment selection based on patient information (La Thangue and Kerr, 2011; Ong et al., 2012). Genetic and molecular markers are becoming increasingly available to guide treatment selection for various diseases including HIV and breast cancer (Mallal et al., 2008; Zujewski and Kamin, 2008). In recent years, many statistical procedures for developing individualized treatment rules (ITRs) have been proposed. However, less focus has been given to efficient selection of predictive biomarkers for treatment selection. The standard Wald test for interactions between treatment and the set of markers of interest may not work well when the marker effects are nonlinear. Furthermore, interaction-based test is scale dependent and may fail to capture markers useful for predicting individualized treatment differences. In this article, we propose to overcome these difficulties by developing a kernel machine (KM) score test that can efficiently identify markers predictive of treatment difference. Simulation studies show that our proposed KM-based score test is more powerful than the Wald test when there is nonlinear effect among the predictors and when the outcome is binary with nonlinear link functions. Furthermore, when there is high-correlation among predictors and when the number of predictors is not small, our method also over-performs Wald test. The proposed method is illustrated with two randomized clinical trials.
Epidemiology and radiological geometric assessment of pituitary macroadenomas: population‐based study
Authors: Gruppetta Mark , Vassallo Josanne 
Published: March 2016

SummaryContextPituitary adenomas are relatively common tumours with diverse clinical features. Epidemiological data are important to help quantify health burden.ObjectiveTo provide in‐depth epidemiological data on macroadenomas and radiologically characterize macroadenomas.DesignPopulation‐based retrospective analysis, Prevalence as at 2014; Incidence based on data from 2000 to 2014, Retrospective analysis of baseline MRI.SettingThe Maltese islands.Patients173/136 patients with macroadenomas for prevalence/incidence estimates respectively, 122 baseline MRI for radiological characterization.Main outcome measuresPrevalence rates, Standardized Incidence rates (SIR), MRI findings.ResultsThe prevalence for macroadenomas was 40·67/100 000 people and the SIR was 1·90/100 000/year. Giant pituitary adenomas (>40 mm) constituted 4·8% of the whole cohort of PAs and the SIR was 0·18/100 000/year. Giant prolactinomas constituted 4·7% of all the prolactinomas and the SIR was 0·07/100 000/year, while giant NFPA constituted 6·0% of all NFPA and the SIR was 0·12/100 000/year. There was a statistically significant difference in the degree of suprasellar extension (P < 0·001) and infrasellar extension (P = 0·028) between the different macroadenoma subtypes and in the vertical extension indices (median vertical extension index NFPA 3·0 mm; PRLoma −7·7 mm; GH‐secreting PA −1·7 mm; P < 0·001). Pituitary macroadenomas with cavernous sinus invasion were statistically significantly larger than those without cavernous sinus invasion (P < 0·001). NFPA had predominantly a superior extension into the cavernous sinus (63·6%) compared to the functional PAs which had predominantly an inferior extension into the cavernous sinus (59·1%) (P = 0·032).ConclusionsThe various macroadenoma subtypes' epidemiological data are presented and differences between growth patterns among the various subtypes are highlighted.
Iodine supplementation in pregnancy – is it time?
Authors: Taylor P.N. , Vaidya B. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryIodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormone and optimal foetal neurological development. Pregnant women living in borderline or moderate‐severe iodine deficient areas are at particularly high risk of being iodine deficient, and this may have important clinical consequences, particularly for the neurocognitive development of the offspring. It is a substantial problem and many countries including the United Kingdom are mild‐moderately iodine deficient. Although the detrimental effects of severe iodine deficiency are well recognized, the benefits of correcting mild‐to‐moderate iodine deficiency are unclear due to a lack of randomized controlled trials in this area. However, observational data increasingly indicate that there may be substantial health and economic benefits from correcting iodine deficiency in pregnancy. There is now a growing trend from learned societies that iodine supplementation should be utilized in pregnancy in countries with mild‐to‐moderate iodine deficiency. The dose of iodine supplement needs to reflect local iodine status and iodization policies and will need careful monitoring at the population level to ensure doses to prevent under/excess dosing which would undermine the potential benefits. National tailored guidance is therefore essential.