bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognoses in patients with primary gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms based on the proposed new classification scheme
Authors: Yin Xiao‐nan , Shen Chao‐yong , Yin Yi‐qiong , Chen Hui‐jiao , Chen Hai‐ning , Yin Yuan , Han Lu‐yin , Chen Jia‐ju , Tang Su‐min , Chen Zhi‐xin , Zhang Bo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, as well as explore the prognostic accuracy of the proposed new classification in gastrointestinal NENs (GI‐NENs) patients.MethodsPatients diagnosed with GI‐NENs were retrospectively indentified from existing databases of the pathological institute at our institution from January 2009 to November 2015.ResultsWe identified 414 patients with GI‐NENs, 250 cases were diagnosed as neuroendocrine tumor G1 (NET G1), 25 as neuroendocrine tumor G2 (NET G2), 53 as neuroendocrine tumor G3 (NET G3), 55 as neuroendocrine carcinoma G3 (NEC G3), and 31 as mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC); the overall survival (OS) rate at three years were 94.9%, 91.7%, 74.3%, 62.7% and 38.1%, respectively. The difference in progression‐free survival (PFS) duration among the patients with NET G1, NET G2, NET G3, NEC G3, and MANEC was statistically significant (P < 0.001). However, the PFS of NEC G3 and MANEC was low and similar (P = 0.090). In multivariate analysis of patients with GI‐NENs, surgical margin, comorbidity, proposed new classification and tumor location were useful predictors of OS (P < 0.05).ConclusionOur findings suggest that the proposed new classification can accurately reflect the clinical outcome, together with surgical margin, comorbidity, and tumor location may be meaningful prognostic factors for the OS of GI‐NENs.
The Economic Consequences of Partisanship in a Polarized Era
Authors: McConnell Christopher , Margalit Yotam , Malhotra Neil , Levendusky Matthew 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWith growing affective polarization in the United States, partisanship is increasingly an impediment to cooperation in political settings. But does partisanship also affect behavior in nonpolitical settings? We show evidence that it does, demonstrating its effect on economic outcomes across a range of experiments in real‐world environments. A field experiment in an online labor market indicates that workers request systematically lower reservation wages when the employer shares their political stance, reflecting a preference to work for co‐partisans. We conduct two field experiments with consumers and find a preference for dealing with co‐partisans, especially among those with strong partisan attachments. Finally, via a population‐based, incentivized survey experiment, we find that the influence of political considerations on economic choices extends also to weaker partisans. Whereas earlier studies show the political consequences of polarization in American politics, our findings suggest that partisanship spills over beyond the political, shaping cooperation in everyday economic behavior.
12‐OH‐17,18‐Epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid alleviates eosinophilic airway inflammation in murine lungs
Authors: Mochimaru T. , Fukunaga K. , Miyata J. , Matsusaka M. , Masaki K. , Kabata H. , Ueda S. , Suzuki Y. , Goto T. , Urabe D. , Inoue M. , Isobe Y. , Arita M. , Betsuyaku T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is characterized by airway inflammation and obstruction with eosinophil infiltration into the airway. Arachidonic acid, an omega‐6 fatty acid, is metabolized into cysteinyl leukotriene with pro‐inflammatory properties for allergic inflammation, whereas the omega‐3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and its downstream metabolites are known to have anti‐inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the counter‐regulatory roles of EPA in inflamed lungs.MethodsMale C57BL6 mice were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin (OVA). After EPA treatment, we evaluated the cell count of Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), mRNA expressions in the lungs by q‐PCR, and the amounts of lipid mediators by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS)‐based lipidomics. We investigated the effect of the metabolite of EPA by in vivo and in vitro studies.ResultsEicosapentaenoic acid treatment reduced the accumulation of eosinophils in the airway and decreased mRNA expression of selected inflammatory mediators in the lung. Lipidomics clarified the metabolomic profile in the lungs. Among EPA‐derived metabolites, 12‐hydroxy‐17,18‐epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12‐OH‐17,18‐EpETE) was identified as one of the major biosynthesized molecules; the production of this molecule was amplified by EPA administration and allergic inflammation. Intravenous administration of 12‐OH‐17,18‐EpETE attenuated airway eosinophilic inflammation through downregulation of C‐C chemokine motif 11 (CCL11) mRNA expression in the lungs. In vitro, this molecule also inhibited the release of CCL11 from human airway epithelial cells stimulated with interleukin‐4.ConclusionThese results demonstrated that EPA alleviated airway eosinophilic inflammation through its conversion into bioactive metabolites. Additionally, our results suggest that 12‐OH‐17,18‐EpETE is a potential therapeutic target for the management of asthma.
Esophagogastric junction cancer successfully treated by laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and lower esophagectomy with intrathoracic double‐flap technique: A case report
Authors: Hosoda Kei , Yamashita Keishi , Moriya Hiromitsu , Washio Marie , Mieno Hiroaki , Ema Akira , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA 66‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital for treatment of esophagogastric junction cancer. He was diagnosed as cT2N0M0, and the esophageal invasion was found to be 1 cm from the esophagogastric junction. He underwent laparoscopy‐assisted proximal gastrectomy and lower esophagectomy with esophagogastrostomy using the intrathoracic double‐flap technique through the transhiatal approach. The operative time was 662 min (suturing time was 198 min), and blood loss was 200 mL. The operative time was much longer for this procedure than for esophagogastrostomy with the conventional (intra‐abdominal) double‐flap technique. The postoperative course was uneventful. No abnormal gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal motility, or lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure was demonstrated 3 months after the operation. Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and lower esophagectomy with esophagogastrostomy using the double‐flap technique through the transhiatal approach is safe and feasible. It may be recommended for patients with esophagogastric junction cancer with esophageal invasion of about 1 cm.
Factors underlying students' decisions to use mobile devices in clinical settings
Authors: Harrison Amanda , Phelps Megan , Nerminathan Arany , Alexander Shirley , Scott Karen M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUniversity policies prohibiting use of mobile devices by medical students during clinical placements are contradicted by regular use by physicians. Consequently, many students use their mobile devices, which can be beneficial for learning but may put patient privacy at risk. This study explores the reasons underlying students' decisions about using mobile devices in clinical settings. We used a mixed‐methods sequential explanatory design involving a questionnaire and focus groups. Qualitative data from the questionnaire and focus groups was analysed through thematic analysis. We found students were aware of the risks mobile devices posed to professionalism and medical practice. Despite prohibitions, many made individual decisions to use mobile devices because the benefits outweighed the risks. These students were influenced by an organised, strategic approach to learning and a motivation to comply with the beliefs and behaviours of their medical teams and conform to physicians' directives in order to participate in their community of practice. Many students appear to be transferring everyday use of mobile devices to clinical settings. There is a need to understand and promote aspects of learning that are enhanced by mobile devices in clinical settings, while articulating clear guidelines and boundaries compatible with the professional behaviour expected of students.
Do Varieties of Spanish Influence U.S. Spanish–English Bilingual Children's Friendship Judgments?
Authors: Arredondo Maria M. , Gelman Susan A. 
Published: August 2017

Latinos are the largest minority group in the United States (U.S. Census, 2014), yet this term comprises individuals from multiple ethnicities who speak distinct varieties of Spanish. We investigated whether Spanish–English bilingual children (N = 140, ages 4–17) use Spanish varieties in their social judgments. The findings revealed that children distinguished varieties of Spanish but did not use Spanish dialects to make third‐person friendship judgments until 10–12 years; this effect became stronger in adolescence. In contrast, young children (4–6 years) made friendship judgments based on a speaker's language (English, Spanish). Thus, using language varieties as a social category and as a basis for making social inferences is a complex result of multiple influences for Spanish‐speaking children growing up bilingual in the United States.
Association of intraocular pressure‐related factors and retinal vessel diameter with optic disc rim area in subjects with and without primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Zhang Qing , Jan Catherine , Guo Chun Y , Wang Feng H , Liang Yuan B , Cao Kai , Zhang Zheng , Yang Di Y , Thomas Ravi , Wang Ning L ,   the Handan Eye Study Group
Published: August 2017

AbstractImportanceThe data may support the notion that the intra‐ocular pressure (IOP)‐related factors and vascular factors were implicated concurrently in glaucomatous optic nerve damage.BackgroundTo study the association of intraocular pressure (IOP)‐related factors, IOP, trans‐lamina cribrosa pressure difference (TLCPD), cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) and retinal vessel diameters (RVD), central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) with neuro‐retinal rim area (RA).DesignA population‐based, cross‐sectional study.ParticipantsA total of 6830 people aged 30 years and over.MethodsAll participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination, fundus photograph‐based measurements of RVD and Heidelberg retinal tomogram (HRT) measurement of optic disc.Main Outcome MeasuresRA, CRAE, CRVE, IOP, body mass index (BMI), CSFP and TLCPD.ResultsPrimary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) was diagnosed using two separate methods: 67 from expert consensus, and 125 from the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiologic Ophthalmology (ISGEO) classification. After excluding of those with high myopia or without gradable HRT images, 4194 non‐glaucoma and 40 POAG were analysed for determinants of RA. On multivariable analysis determinants of reduced RA were POAG (P < 0.001), higher IOP (P = 0.03), higher refractive error (P < 0.01), longer axial length (P = 0.01), CRVE (P < 0.001), lower BMI (P = 0.015), older age (P < 0.001) smaller disc area (P < 0.001) and higher TLCPD (P = 0.03). When age and/or BMI were omitted from the model, reduced RA was also associated with lower CSFP (P < 0.001).Conclusions and RelevanceReduced RA is associated with narrow CRVE and higher IOP or lower CSFP. The data supports the concurrent role of IOP‐related and vascular factors in glaucomatous optic nerve damage.
LY3127760, a Selective Prostaglandin E4 (EP4) Receptor Antagonist, and Celecoxib: A Comparison of Pharmacological Profiles
Authors: Jin Yan , Smith Claire , Hu Leijun , Coutant David E. , Whitehurst Kelly , Phipps Krista , McNearney Terry Ann , Yang Xiao , Ackermann Bradley , Pottanat Thomas , Landschulz William 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSafety, tolerability, and pharmacology profiles of LY3127760, an EP4 antagonist, were explored in healthy subjects in a subject/investigator‐blind, parallel‐group, multiple‐ascending dose study. Cohorts consisted of 13 patients randomized to LY3127760, celecoxib (400 mg), or placebo (9:2:2 ratio) for 28 days. LY3127760 was well tolerated; the most commonly observed adverse events were gastrointestinal, similar to celecoxib. LY3127760 increased release of ex vivo tumor necrosis factor alpha after lipopolysaccharide/prostaglandin E2 stimulation when compared with placebo, suggesting a dose‐dependent blockade of the EP4 receptor. Compared with placebo, 24‐h urinary excretion of prostaglandin E metabolite was modestly increased; prostacyclin metabolite was inhibited; and thromboxane A2 metabolite was unchanged. Effects on sodium and potassium excretion were similar to those of celecoxib. We conclude that LY3127760 demonstrated similar effects on prostacyclin synthesis and renal sodium retention as celecoxib. These data support exploration of LY3127760 at daily doses of 60 mg to 600 mg in phase II trials. This trial's registration number: NCT01968070.
Effect of ertugliflozin on glucose control, body weight, blood pressure and bone density in type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy (VERTIS MET)
Authors: Rosenstock Julio , Frias Juan , Páll Dénes , Charbonnel Bernard , Pascu Raluca , Saur Didier , Darekar Amanda , Huyck Susan , Shi Harry , Lauring Brett , Terra Steven G. 
Published: August 2017

AimWe evaluated the efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled (HbA1c, 7.0%‐10.5%) with metformin monotherapy (≥1500 mg/d for ≥8 weeks).MethodsThis was a double‐blind, 26‐week, multicentre study with ongoing 78‐week extension (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02033889). A total of 621 participants were randomized 1:1:1 to placebo, or ertugliflozin 5 or 15 mg/d. The primary endpoint was change from baseline at week 26 in HbA1c. Secondary efficacy endpoints were change from baseline at week 26 in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body weight, systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) and number of participants with HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol). Pre‐specified adverse events (AEs) of special interest and percent change from baseline in bone mineral density (BMD) were also assessed at week 26.ResultsAt week 26, the placebo‐adjusted least‐squares mean change from baseline HbA1c (8.1%) was −0.7% and −0.9% for ertugliflozin 5 and 15 mg, respectively (both P < .001), to final means of 7.3% and 7.2%, respectively. The odds of HbA1c <7.0% were significantly greater in both ertugliflozin groups vs placebo. Ertugliflozin significantly reduced FPG, body weight, SBP and DBP vs placebo. The incidence of genital mycotic infections was higher in the ertugliflozin groups (female subjects: placebo, 0.9%; ertugliflozin 5 mg, 5.5%; ertugliflozin 15 mg, 6.3% [P = .032]; male subjects: 0%; 3.1%; 3.2%, respectively), as was the incidence of urinary tract infections and symptomatic hypoglycaemia. The incidence of hypovolaemia AEs was similar across groups. Ertugliflozin had no adverse impact on BMD at week 26.ConclusionsErtugliflozin added to metformin in patients with inadequately controlled T2DM improved glycaemic control, reduced body weight and BP, but increased the incidence of genital mycotic infections.
Review of research advances in the screwworm eradication program over the past 25 years
Authors: Scott Maxwell J. , Concha Carolina , Welch John B. , Phillips Pamela L. , Skoda Steven R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNew World screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae: Chrysomyinae), are devastating pests of warm‐blooded animals that cause significant economic damage to livestock. The successful campaign to eradicate screwworms from continental North America, led by the US Department of Agriculture and using the sterile insect technique, continues to receive research support that has resulted in improved technologies for all aspects of the program. The process and ingredients for mass‐rearing screwworms is more efficient and sustainable, and there is now a standardized protocol for developing new strains used in mass rearing. Cryopreservation of screwworm embryos allows strains to be preserved and recovered if necessary and also reduces rearing requirements for backup and research strains. Sterile fly release procedures and equipment have been updated leading to optimized sterile fly release rates. Surveillance for screwworm infestations and outbreaks have incorporated new trap designs, habitat analysis, and molecular genetic techniques that enhance monitoring the progress of the program as well as early detection and response to outbreaks. Genetic analyses of screwworm populations across their current range have increased the understanding of genetic differentiation, which may aide in developing new strains and determining the geographic origin of screwworms causing outbreaks when they occur. The ability to release only sterile males, which has been a goal of the program for over 60 years, has recently been accomplished through the development of transgenic sexing strains. The strains carry a conditional female lethal gene and are comparable to the wild‐type strain for several biological parameters that are important for mass production and performance in the field. The strains should improve efficiency of population suppression of the current and future eradication and prevention programs against screwworms. These research advances as well as future considerations are presented.
Reproductive interference in insects
Authors: SHUKER DAVID M. , BURDFIELD‐STEEL EMILY R. 
Published: August 2017

1. Reproductive interference occurs when members of different species engage in reproductive interactions, leading to a fitness cost to one or both actors.2. These interactions can arise through signal interference (‘signal‐jamming’), disrupted mate searching, heterospecific rivalry, mate choice errors, or misplaced courtship, mating attempts or copulation.3. We present a definition of reproductive interference (RI) and discuss the extent to which a failure of species discrimination is central to a definition of RI.4. The possible mechanisms of RI are reviewed, using a range of insect examples.5. Some of the causes and consequences of RI are discussed, focusing in particular on mating systems and mating system evolution.6. We conclude by considering future ways forward, highlighting the opportunities for new theory and tests of the old theory presented by reproductive interference.
Radiographic identification of the equine dorsal and ventral nasal conchal bullae
Authors: Giavitto A. E. , Barakzai S. Z. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe recent understanding that pathology of the nasal dorsal (DCB) and ventral (VCB) conchal bullae can be a common and underdiagnosed cause of unilateral nasal discharge in horses, has generated new interest in these structures. The normal computed tomographic anatomy of the bullae has been described in detail; however, computed tomography facilities are still limited to referral centres, and radiography remains the primary diagnostic imaging modality for most equine practitioners. The purpose of this descriptive imaging study was to describe the radiographic anatomy and limits of both DCB and VCB in equine cadaver skulls. The heads of 10 horses (7 horses, 3 ponies) of unknown age were transected sagittally in the midline, and five radiographic projections (left and right laterolateral, left and right latero30°dorsal–lateroventral oblique and dorsoventral) of the sinuses and nasal cavities were obtained, before and after the placement of stainless steel wire moulded inside the bullae. The radiographic appearance of the VCB and DCB was evaluated on both plain and wire radiographs, assessing their anatomical limits in relation to the cheek teeth and describing the variations related to age and type of horse. The radiographs allowed correct identification of the rostral and caudal limits of the DCB and of the rostral limit of the VCB in the majority of the horse heads. Mild variations in the radiographic appearance of the bullae between horse and pony heads were noted. The laterolateral projections resulted in the best visualisation of the bullae in all the heads used in the study. This study showed that the VCB and DCB are radiographically identifiable on plain radiographs in most mature horses, and that pathology of these structures may be identifiable using radiography.
A human serum‐enriched medium formulation supports high viability and marker expression in primary melanocyte cultures from the outer root sheath and epidermis
Authors: Schneider Marie , Lohrenz Andrea , Cross Michael , Hacker Michael C. , Simon Jan C. , Savkovic Vuk 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFormulating clinically relevant melanocyte cultivation media that maintain the balance between proliferation and maturation to functional melanocytes is a major experimental and regulatory challenge. Within the translation of human melanocytes from the outer root sheath of human hair follicle (HUMORS), we developed a melanocyte medium free of chemical mitogens, chemical melanogenesis enhancers and bovine products, enabling proliferation as well as melanotic differentiation. The formulation involved the replacement of bovine pituitary extract (BPE) and bovine serum (FBS) with human serum (HS) combined with ascorbic acid, CaCl2, epinephrine, L‐glutamine, insulin and fibroblast growth factor. The cultivation efficiency was characterized through proliferation and exertion of melanotic phenotype, gene and protein expression of melanotic markers and melanin content. Having established an application‐directed BPE‐free formulation, we then re‐formulated a research‐grade medium with BPE for purposes of even more effective in vitro cultivation, adjusted to specific requirements of HUMORS and normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEM).
An unusual case of an irretrievable hemodialysis catheter in a patient with end stage renal disease
Authors: Ghahremani‐Ghajar Mehrdad , Jin Anna , Borghei Peyman , Chen Joline L. T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHemodialysis catheters are associated with higher risks of complications compared to arteriovenous fistulas and grafts. Some common complications of dialysis catheters include infection, thrombus formation, central venous stenosis, and mechanical dysfunction. Rarely, catheters can become firmly adhered to a vessel wall. Catheter adhesion is a serious complication that can impact the delivery of safe and effective dialysis to affected patients. Adherent catheters commonly present insidiously with no overt diagnostic signs and symptoms or antecedent catheter malfunction. Prognosis is variable, but can be potentially fatal depending on the severity of adhesion, and sequelae of complications. There are no standardized methods of therapy and treatment strategies are anecdotally reported by interventional radiology, vascular, and cardiothoracic surgery. We hereby describe a case of hemodialysis catheter that has become firmly embedded within the superior vena cava wall. We review the available literature on the epidemiology, risk factors, long‐term sequelae, and known management strategies of adherent catheters. The development of preventative measures will be of great importance given serious complications and limited treatment options. Clinical awareness and understanding of this rare condition is imperative to the prevention and management of adherent catheters.