bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dentists' attitudes towards acute pharmacological pain management in children and adolescents
Authors: Berlin Henrik , List Thomas , Ridell Karin , Klingberg Gunilla 
Published: July 2017

AimThis study aimed to investigate Swedish dentists' attitudes regarding pain management strategies for treating children and adolescents. It assessed recommendations for pre‐ and postoperative analgesics, and use of local anaesthesia, and whether application of these strategies differs between general dental practitioners (GDPs) and specialists in paediatric dentistry (SPDs).DesignWe invited allGDPs (n= 807) in southern Sweden (Region Skåne), and all registeredSPDs (n= 122) working in Sweden (929 actively practising dentists under age 65 years) to participate in a postal survey on pain management in paediatric dental care.ResultsTheSPDs reported using all types of pain‐reducing strategies more frequently thanGDPs except local anaesthesia when extracting a permanent premolar, whichSPDs andGDPs used equally often. Preoperative analgesic use was greater amongSPDs thanGDPs.GDPs used local anaesthesia less frequently for filling therapy in primary teeth than in permanent teeth.ConclusionsSPDs recommend preoperative analgesics more often thanGDPs do.GDPs seem to underuse local anaesthetics when treating children and adolescents.SPDs also use pain management strategies more frequently thanGDPs. AmongGDPs, pain management is less frequent when treating primary teeth than permanent teeth.
Contemporary group estimates adjusted for climatic effects provide a finer definition of the unknown environmental challenges experienced by growing pigs
Authors: Guy S.Z.Y. , Li L. , Thomson P.C. , Hermesch S. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryEnvironmental descriptors derived from mean performances of contemporary groups (CGs) are assumed to capture any known and unknown environmental challenges. The objective of this paper was to obtain a finer definition of the unknown challenges, by adjusting CG estimates for the known climatic effects of monthly maximum air temperature (MaxT), minimum air temperature (MinT) and monthly rainfall (Rain). As the unknown component could include infection challenges, these refined descriptors may help to better model varying responses of sire progeny to environmental infection challenges for the definition of disease resilience. Data were recorded from 1999 to 2013 at a piggery in south‐east Queensland, Australia (n = 31,230). Firstly, CG estimates of average daily gain (ADG) and backfat (BF) were adjusted for MaxT, MinT and Rain, which were fitted as splines. In the models used to derive CG estimates for ADG, MaxT and MinT were significant variables. The models that contained these significant climatic variables had CG estimates with a lower variance compared to models without significant climatic variables. Variance component estimates were similar across all models, suggesting that these significant climatic variables accounted for some known environmental variation captured in CG estimates. No climatic variables were significant in the models used to derive the CG estimates for BF. These CG estimates were used to categorize environments. There was no observable sire by environment interaction (Sire×E) for ADG when using the environmental descriptors based on CG estimates on BF. For the environmental descriptors based on CG estimates of ADG, there was significant Sire×E only when MinT was included in the model (p = .01). Therefore, this new definition of the environment, preadjusted by MinT, increased the ability to detect Sire×E. While the unknown challenges captured in refined CG estimates need verification for infection challenges, this may provide a practical approach for the genetic improvement of disease resilience.
Rare complication of fibroids in pregnancy: Spontaneous fibroid rupture
Authors: Swarray‐Deen Alim , Mensah‐Brown Shirley A. , Coleman Jerry 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUterine fibroids in pregnancy present with numerous complications. However, spontaneous rupture is a rare and potentially life‐threatening event. We report a case of a 43‐year‐old multiparous woman who presented with hypovolemic shock secondary to a ruptured uterine fibroid 2 days after a spontaneous vaginal delivery. Emergency laparotomy confirmed massive intra‐abdominal hemorrhage from the ruptured capsule of a 10‐cm subserosal fibroid. A myomectomy was performed. Her postoperative recovery period was uneventful. This case is very rare, with fewer than 30 cases of hemoperitoneum secondary to rupture of fibroids having been reported in published works. It demonstrates how a benign and common condition, such as fibroids, can lead to an obstetric emergency that mimics a surgical abdomen requiring swift diagnosis and surgical intervention.
Moderate mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition induces autophagy in HTR8/SVneo cells via O‐linked β‐N‐acetylglucosamine signaling
Authors: Zhang Qiuxia , Na Quan , Song Weiwei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimAutophagy, a highly regulated process with a dual role (pro‐survival or pro‐death), has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism whereby mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling regulates autophagy by modulating protein O‐GlcNAcylation in human trophoblasts.MethodsHTR8/SVneo cells were incubated in serum‐free medium for different time intervals or treated with varying doses of Torin1. Protein expression and cell apoptosis were detected by immunoblotting and flow cytometry, respectively.ResultsShort‐term serum starvation or slight suppression of mTOR signaling promoted autophagy and decreased apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. Conversely, prolonged serum starvation or excessive inhibition of mTOR reduced autophagy and enhanced cell apoptosis. Both serum starvation and mTOR signaling suppression reduced protein O‐GlcNAcylation. Upregulation and downregulation of O‐linked β‐N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) levels attenuated and augmented autophagy, respectively. Moderate mTOR inhibition‐induced autophagy was blocked by upregulation of protein O‐GlcNAcylation. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Beclin1 and synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) could be O‐GlcNAcylated, and that slight mTOR inhibition resulted in decreased O‐GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29. Notably, we observed an inverse correlation between phosphorylation (Ser15) and O‐GlcNAcylation of Beclin1.ConclusionmTOR signaling inhibition played dual roles in regulating autophagy and apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. Moderate mTOR suppression might induce autophagy via modulating O‐GlcNAcylation of Beclin1 and SNAP29. Moreover, the negative interplay between Beclin1 O‐GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation (Ser15) may be involved in autophagy regulation by mTOR signaling.
Do Multi‐Plant Firms Reduce Misallocation? Evidence from Canadian Manufacturing
Authors: Ševčík Pavel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUsing Canadian plant‐level data, this paper shows that, depending on the industry, the differences in the average plant‐level productivity and cross‐plant allocation of resources between multi‐plant and single‐plant firms account for 1 to 15 per cent of the industry‐level TFP. A large part of this contribution stems from more efficient cross‐plant allocation of resources, measured by the covariance between plant size and productivity, in the pool of plants in multi‐plant firms compared to the pool of plants in single‐plant firms. There is less dispersion in the marginal products of the inputs, and thus less misallocation, in industries in which multi‐plant firms account for a larger share of output. The patterns found in the cross‐plant distribution of productivity and size are also consistent with better allocative efficiency among plants in multi‐plant firms than among plants in single‐plant firms.
Effect of monthly high‐dose vitamin D on bone density in community‐dwelling older adults substudy of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Reid I. R. , Horne A. M. , Mihov B. , Gamble G. D. , Al‐Abuwsi F. , Singh M. , Taylor L. , Fenwick S. , Camargo C. A. , Stewart A. W. , Scragg R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundSevere vitamin D deficiency causes osteomalacia, yet trials of vitamin D supplementation in the community have not on average demonstrated benefit to bone mineral density (BMD) or fracture risk in adults.ObjectiveTo determine whether monthly high‐dose vitamin D supplementation influences BMD in the general population and in those with low 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels.MethodsTwo‐year substudy of a trial in older community‐resident adults. A total of 452 participants were randomized to receive monthly doses of vitamin D3 100 000 IU, or placebo. The primary end‐point was change in lumbar spine BMD. Exploratory analyses to identify thresholds of baseline 25‐hydroxyvitamin D for vitamin D effects on BMD were prespecified.ResultsIntention‐to‐treat analyses showed no significant treatment effect in the lumbar spine (between‐groups difference 0.0071 g cm−2, 95%CI: −0.0012, 0.0154) or total body but BMD loss at both hip sites was significantly attenuated by ~1/2% over 2 years. There was a significant interaction between baseline 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and treatment effect (P = 0.04). With baseline 25‐hydroxyvitamin D ≤ 30 nmol L−1 (n = 46), there were between‐groups BMD changes at the spine and femoral sites of ~2%, significant in the spine and femoral neck, but there was no effect on total body BMD. When baseline 25‐hydroxyvitamin D was >30 nmol L−1, differences were ~1/2% and significant only at the total hip.ConclusionsThis substudy finds no clinically important benefit to BMD from untargeted vitamin D supplementation of older, community‐dwelling adults. Exploratory analyses suggest meaningful benefit in those with baseline 25‐hydroxyvitamin D ≤ 30 nmol L−1. This represents a significant step towards a trial‐based definition of vitamin D deficiency for bone health in older adults.
Physical Education Increases Daily Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity and Reduces Sedentary Time
Authors: Mooses Kerli , Pihu Maret , Riso Eva‐Maria , Hannus Aave , Kaasik Priit , Kull Merike 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPhysical activity (PA) is important to mental and physical health. Physical education (PE) lessons have the potential to increase daily moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and reduce sedentary time (SED). We measured MVPA and SED in primary school PE, determined the contribution of PE to daily MVPA and SED, and compared PA on days with and without PE.METHODSPA was measured in 504 first (ages 7‐9) and second (ages 10‐12) school level children for 1 school week, with inclusion criteria of at least 10 hours of valid data. Linear mixed methods were used for data analysis.RESULTSIn PE, students spent 28.6 ± 16.5% in MVPA and 29.3 ± 19.8% in SED. Each additional MVPA minute in PE was associated with 1.4 more daily MVPA minutes. On days with PE, students had 12.8 (95% CI 10.5; 15.0) minutes more MVPA and 9.7 (95% CI 16.3; 3.1) minutes less SED compared with days without PE.CONCLUSIONSAlthough MVPA in PE was relatively low and SED high, PE significantly increased daily MVPA and reduced SED, confirming the important role of PE in supporting the healthy development of children.
Mineral trioxide aggregate improves healing response of periodontal tissue to injury in mice
Authors: Vidovic Zdrilic I. , de Azevedo Queiroz I. O. , Matthews B. G. , Gomes‐Filho J. E. , Mina M. , Kalajzic I. 
Published: July 2017

Background and ObjectiveMineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a biomaterial used in endodontic procedures as it exerts beneficial effects on regenerative processes. In this study, we evaluate the effect of MTA on healing of periodontal ligament (PDL) and surrounding tissue, following injury, in a transgenic mouse model and on the differentiation of murine mesenchymal progenitor cells in vitro.Material and MethodsWe used an inducible Cre‐loxP in vivo fate mapping approach to examine the effects of MTA on the contributions of descendants of cells expressing the αSMA‐CreERT2 transgene (SMA9+) to the PDL and alveolar bone after experimental injury to the root furcation on the maxillary first molars. Col2.3GFP was used as a marker to identify mature osteoblasts, cementoblasts and PDL fibroblasts. The effects of MTA were examined 2, 17 and 30 days after injury and compared histologically with sealing using an adhesive system. The effects of two dilutions of medium conditioned with MTA on proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from bone marrow (BMSC) and periodontal ligament (PDLC) in vitro were examined using the PrestoBlue viability assay, alkaline phosphatase and Von Kossa staining. The expression of markers of differentiation was assessed using real‐time PCR.ResultsHistological analyses showed better repair in teeth restored with MTA, as shown by greater expansion of SMA9+ progenitor cells and Col2.3GFP+ osteoblasts compared with control teeth. We also observed a positive effect on differentiation of SMA9+ progenitors into osteoblasts and cementoblasts in the apical region distant from the site of injury. The in vitro data showed that MTA‐conditioned medium reduced cell viability and osteogenic differentiation in both PDLC and BMSC, indicated by reduced von Kossa staining and lower expression of osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein. In addition, cultures grown in the presence of MTA had marked decreases in SMA9+ and Col2.3GFP+ areas as compared with osteogenic medium, confirming reduced osteogenesis.ConclusionMTA promotes regeneration of injured PDL and alveolar bone, reflected as contribution of progenitors (SMA9+ cells) into osteoblasts (Col2.3GFP+ cells). In vitro, MTA‐conditioned medium fails to promote osteogenic differentiation of both PDLC and BMSC.
GSK2878175, a pan‐genotypic non‐nucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitor, in healthy and treatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis C subjects
Authors: Gardner S. D. , Kim J. , Baptiste‐Brown S. , Lopez V. , Hamatake R. , Gan J. , Edwards S. , Elko‐Simms L. , Dumont E. F. , Leivers M. , Hong Z. , Paff M. T. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryGSK2878175 is a potent, pan‐genotypic, non‐nucleoside, nonstructural protein 5B palm polymerase inhibitor being developed for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). A first‐in‐human, randomized, placebo‐controlled, dose escalation study, evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of GSK2878175 administered as single and repeat oral doses (once daily for 14 days) to healthy volunteers. A separate proof‐of‐concept, placebo‐controlled, repeat dose (once daily for 2 days) study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics and antiviral activity of GSK2878175 monotherapy in treatment‐naïve, noncirrhotic, subjects with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 [1a and 1b], 2, or 3. No deaths or SAEs were reported in either study, and treatment was well‐tolerated. Across all the HCV genotypes, GSK2878175 monotherapy at doses of 10, 30 or 60 mg once daily for 2 days produced a statistically significant multilog reduction (P<.001) in plasma HCV RNA log10 IU/mL from Baseline to 24, 48 and 72 hours after the first dose of GSK2878175 compared to placebo. The reduction in HCV RNA was sustained for a prolonged period across all of the active treatment groups, consistent with the long apparent half‐life of GSK2878175 that was observed (mean t1/2 range: 60‐63 hours in the CHC subjects). In summary, GSK2878175, when administered to healthy subjects and subjects with CHC, did not reveal any safety concerns that would limit or preclude further clinical development. GSK2878175 monotherapy across a wide dose range produced substantial reduction in HCV RNA, irrespective of HCV genotype. The results from these studies support further evaluation of GSK2878175‐based regimens.
New insights into enterocin CRL35: mechanism of action and immunity revealed by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli
Authors: Barraza Daniela E. , Ríos Colombo Natalia S. , Galván Adriana E. , Acuña Leonardo , Minahk Carlos J. , Bellomio Augusto , Chalón Miriam C. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe role of the class IIa bacteriocin membrane receptor protein remains unclear, and the following two different mechanisms have been proposed: the bacteriocin could interact with the receptor changing it to an open conformation or the receptor might act as an anchor allowing subsequent bacteriocin insertion and membrane disruption. Bacteriocin‐producing cells synthesize an immunity protein that forms an inactive bacteriocin–receptor–immunity complex. To better understand the molecular mechanism of enterocin CRL35, the peptide was expressed as the suicidal probe EtpM‐enterocin CRL35 in Escherichia coli, a naturally insensitive microorganism since it does not express the receptor. When the bacteriocin is anchored to the periplasmic face of the plasma membrane through the bitopic membrane protein, EtpM, E. coli cells depolarize and die. Moreover, co‐expression of the immunity protein prevents the deleterious effect of EtpM‐enterocin CRL35. The binding and anchoring of the bacteriocin to the membrane has demonstrated to be a sufficient condition for its membrane insertion. The final step of membrane disruption by EtpM‐enterocin CRL35 is independent from the receptor, which means that the mannose PTS might not be involved in the pore structure. In addition, the immunity protein can protect even in the absence of the receptor.
Pick's disease with neuronal four‐repeat tau accumulation in the basal ganglia, brain stem nuclei and cerebellum
Authors: Ikeda Chikako , Yokota Osamu , Miki Tomoko , Takenoshita Shintaro , Ishizu Hideki , Mori Yoko , Yamazaki Kiyohiro , Ozaki Yuki , Ueno Shu‐Ichi , Ishihara Takeshi , Hasegawa Masato , Terada Seishi , Yamada Norihito 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIt is very rare that cases of Pick's disease, a representative three‐repeat (3R) tauopathy, also have significant four‐repeat (4R) tau accumulation. Here, we report a Pick's disease case that clinically showed behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia without motor disturbance during the course, and pathologically had 3R tau‐positive Pick bodies as well as numerous 4R tau‐positive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs). Abundant 3R tau‐positive 4R tau‐negative spherical or horseshoe‐shaped Pick bodies were found in the frontotemporal cortex, limbic region, striatum and pontine nucleus. On the other hand, many 4R tau‐positive, 3R tau‐negative, Gallyas‐negative dot‐, rod‐ or intertwined skein‐like NCIs were found mainly in the subthalamic nucleus, pontine nucleus, inferior olivary nucleus and cerebellar dentate nucleus. Tufted astrocytes, astrocytic plaques, argyrophilic grains or globular glial inclusions were absent. Double‐labeling immunofluorescence demonstrated that 3R tau was hardly accumulated in 4R tau‐positive inclusions. On tau immunoblotting, while 60 and 64 kDa bands were demonstrated in the frontal cortex, 60, 64 and 68 kDa bands, as well as the 33 kDa tau fragments that are reported to be characteristic of progressive supranuclear palsy brains, were found in the basal ganglia and cerebellum. No mutation was identified in the tau gene. The present case suggests that, although probably rare, some Pick's disease cases have non‐negligible 4R tau pathology in the subcortical nuclei, and that such 4R tau pathology can affect the evaluation of the distribution of AT8‐positive tau pathology in Pick's disease cases.
Methadone versus Fentanyl in Patients with Radiation‐Induced Nociceptive Pain with Head and Neck Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Haumann Johan , van Kuijk Sander M.J. , Geurts José W. , Hoebers Frank J.P. , Kremer Bernd , Joosten Elbert A. , van den Beuken‐van Everdingen Marieke H.J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundPain is still a burden for many patients with cancer. A recent trial showed the superiority of methadone over fentanyl in neuropathic pain, and we expect that this finding could influence the number of patients treated with methadone.MethodsWe performed a randomized controlled noninferiority trial in patients with nociceptive pain. Eighty‐two strong‐opioid‐naïve patients with head and neck cancer with substantial pain (pain numeric rating scale [NRS] score ≥ 4) due to radiation therapy were included. Forty‐two patients were treated with methadone, and 40 with fentanyl. Patients were evaluated at 1, 3, and 5 weeks. The primary outcomes were reduction in average pain and clinical success (50% pain decrease). We set the predefined noninferiority margin at 1 on the NRS and 10% clinical success. Secondary outcomes were pain interference, global perceived effect (GPE), side effects, and opioid escalation index.ResultsNoninferiority was shown for decrease in NRS for maximum and mean pain scores at 1 and 3 weeks. Noninferiority was shown for clinical success at 1 week only. The opioid escalation index was lower in the methadone group at 3 and 5 weeks as compared to fentanyl (1.44 vs. 1.99, P = 0.004; and 1.50 vs. 2.32, P = 0.013). The pain interference in the methadone group was significantly decreased at 3 weeks only. GPE and side effects were not different.ConclusionThis is the first study to show noninferiority of methadone compared to fentanyl at 1 and 3 weeks in the treatment of radiation‐induced nociceptive pain in patients with head and neck cancer.
Risk Factors for Post‐treatment Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS): An Analysis of 647 Cases of CRPS from the Danish Patient Compensation Association
Authors: Petersen Pelle B. , Mikkelsen Kim L. , Lauritzen Jes B. , Krogsgaard Michael R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesComplex regional pain syndrome is a challenging condition that includes a broad spectrum of sensory, autonomic, and motor features predominantly in extremities recovering from a trauma. Few large‐scale studies have addressed occurrence of and factors associated with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) following orthopedic treatment. The present study aimed to identify factors associated with post‐treatment development of CRPS.MethodsUsing the Danish Patient Compensation Association's database, we identified 647 patients claiming post‐treatment CRPS between 1992 and 2015. Age, gender, initial diagnosis, treatment, and amount of compensation were extracted. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify variables associated with approval of the claim. For carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients, we registered whether symptoms were bilateral or unilateral and if neurophysiology prior to treatment was pathologic.ResultsThe following ratios were found: women:men was 4:1, primary diagnosis to the upper limb:lower limb was 2.5:1, and surgical:nonsurgical treatment was 3:1. Mean age was 47.5 ± 13.7 years, and no intergender difference was detected. Antebrachial fracture (23%) and CTS (9%) were the most common primary conditions. Surgical treatment was associated with approval of the claim (odds ratio 3.5, 95% confidence interval 2.3 to 5.3; P < 0.001). Half of CTS patients had normal neurophysiology prior to surgery; among patients with unilateral symptoms, 71.4% had normal neurophysiology.ConclusionsFemale gender, surgical treatment, and treatment to the upper limb were risk factors. Elective surgery accounted for a large number of post‐treatment CRPS patients. In CTS patients developing CRPS, normal neurophysiological examination findings were common, and it could be suspected that these patients were suffering from an pre‐clinical stage of CRPS, not CTS.