bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kierkegaard and the Self-Conscious Literary Tradition: An Interpretation of the Ludic Aspects of Kierkegaard’s Pseudonymous Authorship from a Literary-Historical Perspective
Authors: Jensen Julio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractKierkegaard’s pseudonymous authorship is characterized by a profusion of literary techniques that belong to the tradition of the ludic or selfconscious novel (the fiction that makes its fictionality manifest). In the present contribution the self-conscious literary plays carried out by Kierkegaard will be interpreted from the perspective of the philosophy of the subject, since both the self-conscious novel and Kierkegaard’s production can be related to this philosophical tradition. The article is organized as follows: first appears a very brief sketch of the way in which self-conscious literature and the philosophy of the subject are related. After this, follows a commentary on the notion of individuality in On the Concept of Irony. Kierkegaard’s dissertation is read as a work in the tradition of the philosophy of the subject that, at the same time, surpasses the idea of subjectivity as metaphysical principle. Finally, a close reading of Either/Or intends to show how Kierkegaard develops his ideas about subjectivity in a literary frame-that of the self-conscious novel
“Marvel at Nothing”: Reconsidering Kierkegaard’s Category of Recollection through Social Networking Services
Authors: Thorbjornsson Gudmundur Bjorn , Verstrynge Karl 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSurprisingly little has been written about Kierkegaard’s thought in relation to the Internet in general, and Social Networking Services in particular. Scholarly discussion about Kierkegaard and the Internet has focused nearly solely on his 1846 Literary Review of Two Ages, in relation to his view on the press and the public. In this article, Kierkegaard’s category of recollection is taken into the contemporary discussion in media studies, philosophy of technology and sociology regarding the question of what it means to exist online. Recollection is presented here as a way of existing online and is discussed in relation to everyday existential encounters such as death, breakups, dating, hookups, and identity construction. The aim of this article is to offer a reading of Kierkegaard’s thought in relation to the Internet through the lens of his category of recollection
“A Great Awakener”: The Relevance of Søren Kierkegaard in Karl Jaspers’ Aneignung und Polemik
Authors: Granito Alessandra 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn three short essays published in 1951 (“Kierkegaard”), 1955 (“Kierkegaard. Zu seinem 100. Todestag”) and 1964 (“Kierkegaard heute”)-later collected in the volume Aneignung und Polemik (1968)-Karl Jaspers summarizes Kierkegaard’s thought in an unusual way. The main goal of the present article is to clarify how, in Aneignung und Polemik, Jaspers indicates how Kierkegaard’s philosophy may still echo in the liquid age. In an age in which life is a stage, and seems to succumb increasingly to the power of mass media, Jaspers’ reading of Kierkegaard invites us to be ourselves and to open ourselves to the hidden sense against the despair brought about by the paradoxical combination of homogenization and solipsism. Kierkegaard’s way, he suggests, offers an authentic way to accept our own human limits. But according to Jaspers, Kierkegaard perhaps tells us something more: If in a time of destruction and transitions, philosophy seems to lose its power to illuminate human existence, this is to be laid at the door of the “original thinkers” who do not rise to the challenge of thinking the original philo-ousia, the “love towards essential being.”
Identification and Analytical Examination of Copper Alloy Pigments Applied as Golden Illuminations on Three Persian Manuscripts
Authors: Mousavi Sayed Mohammadjavad , Ahmadi Hossein , Abed-Esfahani Abbas , Mortazavi Mohammad , Aceto Maurizio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGolden pigments are among the most common colourants used in Persian illuminated manuscripts. In this research, golden pigments were investigated in three eighteenth- to nineteenth-century manuscripts. Initially, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry analyses showed that different kinds of metallic pigments were present and some of them were ternary alloys made up of copper, zinc and tin, hence copper-based alloys were ascertained as cheap alternatives to gold. Discolouration of the pigment was observable through alteration of the metallic pigments to greenish residues in the manuscripts. Subsequently, the greenish products in the golden pigments were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Copper carboxylates were recognized as degradation products. We inferred that the alteration is a consequence of the interaction between copper alloy pigments and carboxylic acids in conditions of high humidity. Moreover, more progressive degradation has caused the discolouration, brittleness and gradually crumbling of the paper in the painted areas. Signs of damages in the paper were comparable with decomposition of the paper by green copper pigments such as verdigris in historical documents and miniatures.
Filling in Losses in Parchment Bound Volumes – Part I: Assessment of Parchment and Paper Fibres in Reconstituted Parchment
Authors: Wikarski Julia , Eyb-Green Sigrid , Baatz Wolfgang 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Reconstituted parchment is, besides Japanese paper and parchment, a feasible and widely used material for filling in losses in parchment. This study investigates changes in haptic and visual qualities of the material caused by modifications with different ingredients like paper and parchment fibres. Additionally, selected procedures processing parchment to parchment powder were examined. As a brief introduction, the paper gives an overview over the existing types of reconstituted parchment that are used traditionally in parchment conservation. In addition it attempts to clarify the terminology for this material. Parchment powder was produced with simple and readily available equipment, by different methods: sanding, grating, grinding, shredding, milling and ice-crushing. The different types of home-made powder were compared to a pre-fabricated parchment powder obtained from a parchment maker. The test series showed that the type of preparation of parchment powder influences the fibre texture which in turn affects the material’s properties visually and haptically. While all methods are clearly more time-consuming than buying ready-to-use material, some preparations, e.g. grating, shredding and ice-crushing, showed superior properties.
Distribution of Acidity and Alkalinity on Degraded Manuscripts Containing Iron Gall Ink
Authors: Marín Eva , Sistach Maria Carme , Jiménez Jessica , Clemente Miguel , Garcia Guillem , García José Francisco 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLong-time preservation of manuscripts depends on the stability of their support. One of the most important degradation processes of paper manuscripts containing iron gall ink is the acid hydrolysis of cellulose. The heterogeneity of the distribution of their constituent materials, together with the defined position of ink as a source of degradation agents, makes it difficult to obtain reliable and detailed information about degradation processes. The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of the acid degradation process by looking at the distribution of relevant variables (pH, acidity and alkaline reserve) on real untreated iron gall ink containing manuscripts at different degradation stages. The study discusses the well-known differences between surface and cold extraction pH determination. It corroborates the relationship between pH, acidity and alkalinity and degradation stages, pointing out that acidity values for some manuscripts in apparent good condition are not far from those obtained for degraded manuscripts. The results indicate that in some partially degraded manuscripts, the coexistence of acid areas and areas with an alkaline reserve which do not participate in the neutralization process is possible. The role of water as a solvent for this equilibrium has also been evaluated.
The Effect of Iron Ions from Prussian Blue Pigment on the Deterioration of Japanese Paper
Authors: Kida Keiko , Potthast Antje , Inaba Masamitsu , Hayakawa Noriko 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPaper is often damaged by ink or pigments containing transition metal ions. Damage of Kozo paper (a kind of Japanese paper) caused by iron ions from Prussian blue pigments (iron ferrocyanide) or by the acidity of dilute sulfuric acid during artificial ageing was studied. The degradation induced by iron ions is suggested to be a synergistic process consisting of hydrolytic and oxidative reactions. The degradation state of the cellulose polymer in Kozo paper was investigated using fluorescence labeling of carbonyl and carboxyl groups in combination with gel permeation chromatography-multiple-angle laser light scattering. In addition to cellulose, Kozo paper contains a relatively large amount of hemicellulose, which was characterized by determination of uronic acid and neutral carbohydrates. The amount of carboxyl groups in Kozo paper decreased during ageing. A decrease in the amount of uronic acid originating from the hemicellulose in Kozo paper is considered the dominant factor in the observed decrease of total carboxyl contents, even if the oxidative reaction would increase the number of carboxyl groups. The amount of uronic acid and xylose in hemicellulose was influenced by iron ions during ageing, indicating the decomposition of hemicellulose. This result suggested that the hemicellulose in Kozo paper were affected first and prevented the hydrolytic and oxidative degradation of cellulose, which might enable Kozo paper to last longer.
Association between leptin G-2548A gene polymorphism, plasma leptin levels and lipid profiles in Turkish Cypriot obese subjects / Kıbrıslı Türk obez kişilerde leptin G-2548A gen polimorfizmi ile plazma leptin seviyeleri ve lipid profili arasındaki ilişki
Authors: Becer Eda , Kızılkanat Meral , Tınazlı Mehtap , Serakıncı Nedime 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Objective: Leptin (LEP) is a metabolic and neuroendocrine hormone which is present in the circulation in amounts proportional to fat mass that acts to reduce food intake and increase energy expenditure thereby regulating body weight homeostasis. Various polymorphisms are shown to be present in LEP gene which play important roles in obesity and obesity-related metabolic biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of one of these polymorphisms, leptin gene G-2548A polymorphism, on obesity in association with body mass index (BMI), lipid parameters, plasma leptin levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).
Methods: The study included 110 obese and 90 non-obese subjects. The LEP G-2548A polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Plasma leptin levels, serum lipid and antropometric parameters were measured.
Results: No association was found between LEP gene G-2548A polymorphism and BMI in both study and control groups. Strikingly study group with obese subjects and with the AA genotype had significantly higher serum total cholesterol (p<0.05) than GA and GG genotypes. In obese group, subjects with the AA genotypes had significantly higher leptin (p<0.05) levels than the GG and GA genotypes.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that the LEP gene G-2548A polymorphism may not be considered as a genetic risk factor for obesity in Turkish Cypriot population. However, the G-2548A polymorphism appear to be important in regulating leptin and total cholesterol levels in obese group through leptin gene expression and signaling.
The comparison of antinuclear antibody positivity and thiol/disulfide levels / Antinükleer antikor pozitifliği ve tiyol/disülfid düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması
Authors: Aynali Ayşe , Arıdoğan Buket Cicioğlu , Neşelioğlu Salim , Erel Özcan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Objective: There is also a growing body of evidence showing that an abnormal thiol disulphide homeostasis state is involved in the pathogenesis of certain diseases. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship among ANA positivity and dynamic thiol/ disulphide homeostasis in serum samples
Methods: Serum samples were collected from ANA-positive and ANA-negative individuals. The indirect immunofluorescence antinuclear antibody test (HEp 20-10, EUROIMMUN, Germany) was used. The serum thiol/disulfide levels were measured with the fully automated new method.
Results: No statistically significant difference was detected between thiol/disülfide levels in individuals who were negative and those who were positive for ANA (p>0.05). Besides, among the ANA patterns was not found statistically significant difference for thiol/disulfide levels (p>0.05). However, serum native thiol, total thiol and disülfide levels were decreased with aging. The native thiol, total thiol levels and native thiol/disulfide, total thiol/disulfide, native thiol/total thiol ratio was found statistically significant difference among the different age groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Determination of thiol/disulfide homeostasis can not provide valuable information on normal or abnormal biochemical processes in ANA-positive individuals. However, determination of thiol/disulfide homeostasis which could be a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of some age-related diseases.
The roles of the GPX1 Pro198Leu and OGG1 Ser326Cys variants in coronary artery disease / GPX1 geni Pro198Leu ve OGG1 geni Ser326Cys varyantlarının koroner arter hastalığındaki rolleri
Authors: Bayoğlu Burcu , Çakmak Hüseyin Altuğ , Yüksel Hüsniye , Kurt Esin , Cengiz Müjgan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Objective: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is caused by plaque formation on inner walls of coronary arteries. Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1), prevents oxidative damage by detoxifying hydrogen and lipid peroxides. GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism results in oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1) is the key enzyme in DNA repair pathway. OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism leads to 8-oxoG accumulation and may play a role in cardiovascular diseases. Thus, our study aims to investigate GPX1 Pro198Leu and OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphisms in CAD patients and the possible relationship of genotypes with serum lipids and CAD severity.
Methods: A total of 169 CAD patients and 173 angiographically documented healthy controls were included in our study. The lesion severity in CAD patients was determined by Gensini scoring system. The genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to genotype GPX1 Pro- 198Leu and OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphisms.
Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse, glucose, total- and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and waist circumference values were statistically significant between CAD patients and controls (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in GPX1 Pro198Leu and OGG1 Ser- 326Cys genotype frequencies between CAD patients and controls (p=0.675, p=0.593; respectively). There was no significant differences between genotype frequencies of two SNPs and Gensini scores (p=0.317, p=0.911; respectively).
Conclusion: Since no significant relation was observed in GPX1 Pro198Leu and OGG1 Ser326Cys genotype frequencies between CAD patients and controls, and no significant effect was determined between the two SNPs and Gensini scores, it was suggested that GPX1 Pro198Leu and OGG1 Ser- 326Cys polymorphisms do not seem to have an effect on CAD pathogenesis and lesion severity. This result may be due to the limited number of the sample size in the study group.
Benefits of Compression Garments Worn During Handball-Specific Circuit on Short-Term Fatigue in Professional Players
Authors: Ravier Gilles , Bouzigon Romain , Beliard Samuel , Tordi Nicolas , Grappe Frederic 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Ravier, G, Bouzigon, R, Beliard, S, Tordi, N, and Grappe, F. Benefits of compression garments worn during handball-specific circuit on short-term fatigue in professional players. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3528–3536, 2018—The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits of full-leg length compression garments (CGs) worn during a handball-specific circuit exercises on athletic performance and acute fatigue-induced changes in strength and muscle soreness in professional handball players. Eighteen men (mean ± SD: age 23.22 ± 4.97 years; body mass: 82.06 ± 9.69 kg; height: 184.61 ± 4.78 cm) completed 2 identical sessions either wearing regular gym short or CGs in a randomized crossover design. Exercise circuits of explosive activities included 3 periods of 12 minutes of sprints, jumps, and agility drills every 25 seconds. Before, immediately after and 24 hours postexercise, maximal voluntary knee extension (maximal voluntary contraction, MVC), rate of force development (RFD), and muscle soreness were assessed. During the handball-specific circuit sprint and jump performances were unchanged in both conditions. Immediately after performing the circuit exercises MVC, RFD, and PPT decreased significantly compared with preexercise with CGs and noncompression clothes. Decrement was similar in both conditions for RFD (effect size, ES = 0.40) and PPT for the soleus (ES = 0.86). However, wearing CGs attenuated decrement in MVC (p < 0.001) with a smaller decrease (ES = 1.53) in CGs compared with regular gym shorts condition (−5.4 vs. −18.7%, respectively). Full recovery was observed 24 hours postexercise in both conditions for muscle soreness, MVC, and RFD. These findings suggest that wearing CGs during a handball-specific circuit provides benefits on the impairment of the maximal muscle force characteristics and is likely to be worthwhile for handball players involved in activities such as tackles.
Consistency of Lower-Body Dimensions Using Surface Landmarks and Simple Measurement Tools
Authors: Caia Johnpaul , Weiss Lawrence W. , Chiu Loren Z.F. , Schilling Brian K. , Paquette Max R. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Caia, J, Weiss, LW, Chiu, LZF, Schilling, BK, and Paquette, MR. Consistency of lower-body dimensions using surface landmarks and simple measurement tools. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2600–2608, 2016—Body dimensions may influence various types of physical performance. This study was designed to establish the reliability and precision of bilateral lower-body dimensions using surface anatomic landmarks and either sliding calipers or goniometry. Fifty university students (25 men and 25 women) were measured on 2 separate occasions separated by 48 or 72 hours. A small digital caliper was used to acquire longitudinal dimensions of the feet, whereas a larger broad-blade caliper was used to measure lower-limb, hip, and pelvic dimensions. Quadriceps angle (Q-angle) was determined through surface goniometry. Data for all foot and lower-limb dimensions were both reliable and precise (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ≥0.72, SEM 0.1–0.5 cm). Measures of Q-angle were also reliable and precise (ICC ≥0.85, SEM 0.2–0.4°). Findings from this investigation demonstrate that lower-body dimensions may be reliably and precisely measured through simple practical tests, when surface anatomic landmarks and standardized procedures are used. Although intertester reliability remains to be established, meticulous adherence to specific measurement protocols is likely to yield viable output for lower-body dimensions when more sophisticated methods are unavailable or inappropriate.
Genetic Variability Among Power Athletes: The Stronger vs. the Faster
Authors: Ben-Zaken Sigal , Eliakim Alon , Nemet Dan , Meckel Yoav 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Ben-Zaken, S, Eliakim, A, Nemet, D, and Meckel, Y. Genetic variability among power athletes: the stronger vs. the faster. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2019—Athletic events can be divided into “aerobic-type events” or “anaerobic-type events” based on energy usage. Power, speed, and strength are also used to specify sports subtypes. Weightlifters (WLs), sprinters, and jumpers feature high-intensity efforts lasting a few seconds. However, their performance requires different proportions of power, speed, and strength. The aim of the current study was to examine genetic differences between subtypes of anaerobic athletes in 3 genetic variants: ACTN3 R577X, which is associated with muscle contractions; AGT Met235Thr which is associated with muscle growth; and PPARD T/C, which is associated with aerobic capacity. Seventy-one sprinters and jumpers (S/J), 54 WLs, and 86 controls participated in the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood using a standard protocol. Genotypes were determined using a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. The ACTN3 RR genotype frequency was significantly higher among S/J (39.4%) compared with WLs (22.2%) and controls (18.6%). The AGT Thr-Thr genotype frequency was significantly higher among WLs (25.9%) compared with S/J (4.2%) and controls (12.8%). PPARD T294C genotype frequencies did not differ between groups. The results suggest that there may be a specific genetic makeup enabling an athlete to excel in speed-oriented events (sprints), rather than in strength-oriented events (weightlifting).
Effect of Superimposed Electromyostimulation on Back Extensor Strengthening: A Pilot Study
Authors: Park Jae Hyeon , Seo Kwan Sik , Lee Shi-Uk 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Park, JH, Seo, KS, and Lee, S-U. Effect of superimposed electromyostimulation on back extensor strengthening: a pilot study. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2470–2475, 2016—Electromyostimulation (EMS) superimposed on voluntary contraction (VC) can increase muscle strength. However, no study has examined the effect of superimposing EMS on back extensor strengthening. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of superimposed EMS on back extensor strengthening in healthy adults. Twenty healthy men, 20–29 years of age, without low-back pain were recruited. In the EMS group, electrodes were attached to bilateral L2 and L4 paraspinal muscles. Stimulation intensity was set for maximally tolerable intensity. With VC, EMS was superimposed for 10 seconds followed by a 20-second rest period. The same protocol was used in the sham stimulation (SS) group, except that the stimulation intensity was set at the lowest intensity (5 mA). All subjects performed back extension exercise using a Swiss ball, with 10 repetitions per set, 2 sets each day, 5 times a week for 2 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the change in isokinetic strength of the back extensor using an isokinetic dynamometer. Additionally, endurance was measured using the Sorensen test. After 2 weeks of back extension exercise, the peak torque and endurance increased significantly in both groups (p ≤ 0.05). Effect size between the EMS group and the SS group was medium in strength and endurance. However, there was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups. In conclusion, 2 weeks of back extensor strengthening exercise was effective for strength and endurance. Superimposing EMS on back extensor strengthening exercise could provide an additional effect on increasing strength.