bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of α‐Fe2O3 porous array film and its crystallization effect on its H2S sensing properties
Authors: Xu Zongke , Duan Guotao , Kong Mingguang , Su Xingsong , Cai Weiping 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe α‐Fe2O3 porous array film is synthesized based on an alternative and flexible route by transferring a solution‐dipped self‐organized colloidal template onto device substrate and subsequent annealing treatment. The sensing properties of the film to H2S and other interfering gases were studied in detail. It was observed that porous array film annealed at 400 oC showed optimized sensing performance with both higher response and better selectivity to H2S than those annealed at 300 oC, 500 oC and 600 oC. Detailed researches indicated the grain size of the α‐Fe2O3 porous array film was closely related to annealing temperature, in which the sensing properties to H2S was deeply affected by the crystallization effect. A possible gas sensing mechanism was thus proposed. Generally, the higher crystallinity leads to better selectivity while large grain size will decrease response. This work gives an alternative way to realize H2S detection with high response and selectivity.
Natural Sugars Derived Chiral Ionic Liquids for Asymmetric Michael Addition Reaction
Authors: Jayachandra R. , Reddy Sabbasani Rajasekhara , Balakrishna  
Published: July 2016

AbstractHerein, we report the application of a new class of D‐xylose derived chiral ionic liquids (CILs) as chiral catalysts for the enantioselective Michael addition reaction between chalcone and diethylmalonate. These CILs were successfully employed for the same reaction and Michael adducts were obtained in very good yields with moderate enantioselectivity.
Ion Mobility Separations of Isomers based upon Long Path Length Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations Combined with Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Deng Liulin , Ibrahim Yehia M. , Baker Erin S. , Aly Noor A. , Hamid Ahmed M. , Zhang Xing , Zheng Xueyun , Garimella Sandilya V. B. , Webb Ian K. , Prost Spencer A. , Sandoval Jeremy A. , Norheim Randolph V. , Anderson Gordon A. , Tolmachev Aleksey V. , Smith Richard D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS)‐based multi‐omic measurements, including proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and glycomics, are increasingly transforming our ability to characterize and understand biological systems. Multi‐omic analyses and the desire for comprehensive measurement coverage presently have limitations due to the chemical diversity and range of abundances of biomolecules in complex samples. Advances addressing these challenges increasingly are based upon the ability to quickly separate, react and otherwise manipulate sample components for analysis by MS. Here we report on a new approach using Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM) to enable long serpentine path ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) separations followed by MS analyses. This approach provides previously unachieved resolution for biomolecular species, in conjunction with more effective ion utilization, and a basis for greatly improved characterization of very small sample sizes.
Differentiation of two Kampo formulae, yokukansankachimpihange and chotosan, for treatment of headache using a predictive model derived from a patient‐based questionnaire database
Authors: Kimura Yoko , Tanaka Akira , Sato Hiroshi , Ito Takashi 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study was to identify specific indications for treatment with either yokukansankachimpihange or chotosan, Kampo agents commonly used to treat headache refractory to conventional treatments.MethodsOn multidimensional contingency table analysis using the Kampo database, specific symptoms associated with positive outcome for each agent were identified according to Akaike information criterion, and logit regression was used to predict outcome for both agents in individual patients. This predictive model was validated in another 157 patients (M/F, 12/145; age, 20–84 years). The Kampo treatment with the higher probability of positive outcome in each patient was then used for that patient for 1 month.ResultsSpecific symptoms identified as indications for yokukansankachimpihange were stiffness in the back (partial regression coefficient, 2.25), painful sensation in the eyes (3.28), and irritability (0.25). Those for chotosan were morning headache (partial regression coefficient 3.68), vasodilatation of sublingual veins (1.62), and stiff shoulder (1.28). Yokukansankachimpihange may mainly relieve triggering factors of headache. In the validation study, the model predicted greater efficacy for yokukansankachimpihange in 79 patients (M/F, 4/75; age, 20–84 years) and for chotosan in 78 patients (M/F, 8/70; age, 22–78 years). After treatment for 1 month, the predictive accuracy was 76%.ConclusionsSix symptoms serving as practical indications for selection of either yokukansankachimpihange or chotosan to treat patients with headache, were identified.
Neuroprotective Fatty Acids from the Stem Bark of Sorbus commixta
Authors: Kim Chung Sub , Suh Won Se , Subedi Lalita , Kim Sun Yeou , Choi Sang Un , Lee Kang Ro 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPhytochemical investigation of the bark from the stems of Sorbus commixta led to the isolation and characterization of a new fatty acid, sorcomic acid (1), along with nine known analogues (2–10). The structure of the new compound (1) was determined through NMR (1H and 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY), MS, and specific optical rotation. The known compounds (2–10) were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those in the literature. The biological activities of all the isolated compounds (1–10) were evaluated: compounds 1, 5, and 7 potently induced NGF secretion from C6 glioma cells (233.40 ± 12.82, 194.40 ± 8.05, and 185.74 ± 10.25 %, respectively) and compound 10 reduced NO levels with an IC50 value of 71.25 μM in murine microglia BV2 cells stimulated by LPS.
Surgical management of anal stenosis: anoplasty with or without sphincterotomy
Authors: Tahamtan Mehdi , Ghahramani Leila , Khazraei Hajar , Tabar Yaser Tolouei , Bananzadeh Alimohammad , Hosseini Seyed Vahid , Izadpanah Ahmad , Hajihosseini Fahime 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAim Anal stenosis is an uncommon complication of anorectal surgery, mostly resulting from circumferential hemorrhoidectomy or resection of the skin tag in surgical management of chronic anal fissure. The aim of anoplasty is to restore normal function to the anus by dividing the stricture and widening the anal canal. Internal sphincterotomy may cause gas incontinence and if we manage the stenosis without sphincterotomy it could be failed. Could we use anoplasty without sphincterotomy?Method The patients with anal stenosis were assigned in to two groups. The first group underwent Y-V anoplasty without partial lateral internal sphinctrotomy and the second one underwent Y-V anoplasty with partial lateral internal sphinctrotomy.Result A total of 25 patients (10 male and 15 female) underwent anoplasty, 14 without partial lateral internal sphincterotomy and 11 patients with partial lateral internal sphincterotomy. The healing rate of stenosis was 91% and 93% in groups undergoing anoplasty without partial lateral internal sphinctrotomy and anoplasty with partial lateral internal sphictrotomy, respectively (p value 0.69). There was no significant change in both groups for post-operative incontinence complaints.Conclusion The healing rate of anal stenosis was the same in the patients who underwent Y-V anoplasty with or without partial lateral internal sphinctrotomy. There was no significant change in post-operation incontinence between the two groups. Therefore, Y-V anoplasty would be a safe and simple surgical method in selected patients. Partial lateral internal sphinctrotomy procedure has been noticed in individual cases.
‘WHOEVER LEAVES THEIR TRADITIONS IS A SLAVE’: CONTEMPORARY NOTIONS OF SERVITUDE IN AN EAST AFRICAN TOWN
Authors: Hillewaert Sarah 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis article examines contemporary discourses on and conceptions ofutumwaor ‘slavery’ on the Indian Ocean island of Lamu. It discusses how residents of this Swahili town use historical understandings of servitude as moral rather than mere physical subjugation to formulate judgements on current processes of change within the town. Central to the discussion are ideologies ofuungwana(civilization) andheshima(respectability) that historically shaped social stratification in Lamu, and particularly the enduring views that an embodiment ofheshimaand its visible mediation within material practices facilitate a distinction between nobleman and slave. By examining how these norms are currently incorporated within everyday assessments of young people's public behaviour, I argue that the moral ideologies that shaped social structure during the era of slavery meaningfully influence ascriptions of social standing within contemporary Lamu. Specifically, the article explores how discourses aboututumwaare grafted onto contemporary moral assessments of ‘beach boys’ or Lamu youth working in the local tourism industry. I suggest that the ideologies ofutumwa, and the moral values that accompany it, motivate and facilitate the discursive constructions of beach boys’ work as idleness rather than gainful employment.
‘THE NIGHT WAR OF NAMPULA’: VULNERABLE CHILDREN, SOCIAL CHANGE AND SPIRITUAL INSECURITY IN NORTHERN MOZAMBIQUE
Authors: Trentini Daria 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTPeople living in the neighbourhoods of Nampula city, northern Mozambique, often speak of a war that is being waged at night, during which sick infants and small children figure more and more frequently as the preferred prey of malevolent ancestors, witches and new malign spirits that come at night, and who abduct and enslave them in order to harm their families. The purpose of this article is to explore what this ‘war of the night’ reveals, to understand why it is that mothers are afraid their babies and children will be stolen from the compound and, finally, to analyse the ways in which families handle their fears and apprehensions about a child's sickness. I begin this analysis of the ‘war of the night’, and the accompanying anxieties surrounding infants and children, by examining it in relation to large-scale changes that have occurred both at the micro-level of the household and in the community more generally. Specifically, the article looks at the ways in which ongoing economic and social transformations are reconfiguring gender and generational relationships, which, in turn, generates more insecurity within the household and intensifies a sense of existential threat from external forces. The article then examines the cultural logic of rumours and beliefs involving children, as a consideration of local interpretations and experiences of infancy and childhood helps shed light on local concepts of (children's) vulnerability. With the aid of three case studies, the article charts how families manage children's diseases. It shows how the uncertainty surrounding an illness is not always ameliorated by divinations or by the healing provided by women working on behalf of ancestral power. Instead, women healers often crystallize and intensify mothers’ fears, also because their medical and ritual interventions are not always effective. The article concludes by examining the reasons why these women healers are increasingly struggling to manage the evil forces haunting infants and children and to make their medical interventions effective, and the effect of this on their local authority.
Airway and head and neck high dependency unit: a single-centre experience
Authors: Bannister M , Trotter P , Jawad A , Veitch D Y 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjective:Dedicated otolaryngology high dependency units are uncommon. This paper reports the first experiences of such a facility in the UK, assessing reason for admission, duration of stay, occupancy rate and need for care escalation. The study sought to assess the presence of similar units in the UK.Methods:A retrospective review of high dependency unit admissions over an 18-month period and a national survey of otolaryngology departments in the UK were conducted to establish the overall presence and location of similar high dependency units.Results:A total of 128 patients were admitted during the study period, mainly following surgery and because of airway compromise. The average duration of stay was 2–3 days (range, 1–12 days). The occupancy rate was 31.7 per cent. No patients required their care to be escalated to the intensive care unit. Seven similar high dependency units were identified in the UK.Conclusion:The care provided prevented the need for escalation of care to an intensive care unit. This challenges the need for patient management on intensive care units following major surgery or airway compromise for those not requiring assisted ventilation. High dependency units similar to ours are not widespread.
Dimna's Trial andApologiain Kashifī'sAnvār-i Suhaylī. Morality's Place in the Corrupt Trial of a Rhetorical and Dialectical Genius.
Authors: VAN RUYMBEKE CHRISTINE 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis essay challenges the received idea that Ibn al-Muqaffa‘, the eighth-century Arabic translator of the Kalīla-Dimna fables, added the Trial of Dimna, the sequel to the first story of the Lion and the Bull, in order to let morality win in the end. The analysis of this sequel's synopsis shows the absence of morality and how the ruler uses the judicial to manipulate public opinion and to redress his politically-damaged image. The essay also shows that the sequel's main purpose and use is to give a practical demonstration of the art of forensic rhetoric, casting Dimna as a pre-eminent and redoubtable sophist. TheAnvār-i Suhaylīversion, the fifteenth-century Persian rewriting by Vā’iz Kāshifī, on which the essay is based, also engages with the philosophical conundrum oftasdīq, which seems absent in the Arabic versions of the text.
Chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear events: The humanitarian response framework of the International Committee of the Red Cross
Authors: Malich Gregor , Coupland Robin , Donnelly Steve , Nehme Johnny 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMounting an effective international humanitarian response to a chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) event, especially if the response is undertaken on an ad hoc basis, would be extremely difficult and would pose many risks to the responders. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has created a competency-based capacity to respond to at least small-scale CBRN events, including a deployable capability to undertake operational activities. This involves informed assessments of CBRN risks, timely and competent decisions on how to respond, and effectively mobilizing appropriate resources to implement these decisions, through the creation of an emergency roster. In addition to the acquisition of technical expertise and material resources, the creation of such capacity requires the application of central processes, ensuring systematic management of CBRN response (including risk-based decision-making), standing operational procedures, and availability of and access to the necessary resources. Implementation of the ICRC's CBRN response framework as described in this article should be considered by any agency or other stakeholder preparing for international humanitarian assistance in CBRN events – especially if such events are related to armed conflict.
Functional characterization of the 12p12.1 renal cancer-susceptibility locus implicates BHLHE41
Authors: Bigot Pierre , Colli Leandro M. , Machiela Mitchell J. , Jessop Lea , Myers Timothy A. , Carrouget Julie , Wagner Sarah , Roberson David , Eymerit Caroline , Henrion Daniel , Chanock Stephen J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGenome-wide association studies have identified multiple renal cell carcinoma (RCC) susceptibility loci. Here, we use regional imputation and bioinformatics analysis of the 12p12.1 locus to identify the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7132434 as a potential functional variant. Luciferase assays demonstrate allele-specific regulatory activity and, together with data from electromobility shift assays, suggest allele-specific differences at rs7132434 for AP-1 transcription factor binding. In an analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data, SNPs highly correlated with rs7132434 show allele-specific differences in BHLHE41 expression (trend P value=6.3 × 10−7). Cells overexpressing BHLHE41 produce larger mouse xenograft tumours, while RNA-seq analysis reveals that constitutively increased BHLHE41 induces expression of IL-11. We conclude that the RCC risk allele at 12p12.1 maps to rs7132434, a functional variant in an enhancer that upregulates BHLHE41 expression which, in turn, induces IL-11, a member of the IL-6 cytokine family.
Toothbrushing, Blood Glucose and HbA1c: Findings from a Random Survey in Chinese Population
Authors: Su Lingyu , Liu Wenzhao , Xie Bingwu , Dou Lei , Sun Jun , Wan Wenjuan , Fu Xiaoming , Li Guangyue , Huang Jiao , Xu Ling 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBoth diabetes and periodontal disease are prevalent in China. Poor oral hygiene practice is the major cause of periodontal disease. An association between oral hygiene practice and blood glucose level was reported in individuals with diabetes, but not in the general population. We examined the association in a population-based random survey recruiting 2,105 adults without previously diagnosed diabetes in Chongqing city, China. Plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured, and a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test was conducted for each respondent. Self-reported toothbrushing frequency was used as a proxy for oral hygiene practice. In a linear model controlling for potential confounders (demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, lifestyle risk factors, BMI, dental visit frequency, etc.), urban residents who barely brushed their teeth had an increase of 0.50 (95% CI: 0.10–0.90) mmol/L in fasting plasma glucose, and an increase of 0.26% (0.04–0.47%) in HbA1c, relative to those brushing ≥twice daily; for rural residents, the effects were 0.26 (0.05–0.48) mmol/L in fasting plasma glucose and 0.20% (0.09–0.31%) in HbA1c. Individuals with better oral practice tended to have lower level of blood glucose and HbA1c. Establishing good oral health behavioral habits may be conducive to diabetes prevention and control in the general population.
S1PR2 variants associated with auditory function in humans and endocochlear potential decline in mouse
Authors: Ingham Neil J. , Carlisle Francesca , Pearson Selina , Lewis Morag A. , Buniello Annalisa , Chen Jing , Isaacson Rivka L. , Pass Johanna , White Jacqueline K. , Dawson Sally J. , Steel Karen P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractProgressive hearing loss is very common in the population but we still know little about the underlying pathology. A new spontaneous mouse mutation (stonedeaf, stdf ) leading to recessive, early-onset progressive hearing loss was detected and exome sequencing revealed a Thr289Arg substitution in Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-2 (S1pr2). Mutants aged 2 weeks had normal hearing sensitivity, but at 4 weeks most showed variable degrees of hearing impairment, which became severe or profound in all mutants by 14 weeks. Endocochlear potential (EP) was normal at 2 weeks old but was reduced by 4 and 8 weeks old in mutants and the stria vascularis, which generates the EP, showed degenerative changes. Three independent mouse knockout alleles of S1pr2 have been described previously, but this is the first time that a reduced EP has been reported. Genomic markers close to the human S1PR2 gene were significantly associated with auditory thresholds in the 1958 British Birth Cohort (n = 6099), suggesting involvement of S1P signalling in human hearing loss. The finding of early onset loss of EP gives new mechanistic insight into the disease process and suggests that therapies for humans with hearing loss due to S1P signalling defects need to target strial function.
Pathogenesis of Streptococcus urinary tract infection depends on bacterial strain and β-hemolysin/cytolysin that mediates cytotoxicity, cytokine synthesis, inflammation and virulence
Authors: Leclercq Sophie Y. , Sullivan Matthew J. , Ipe Deepak S. , Smith Joshua P. , Cripps Allan W. , Ulett Glen C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractStreptococcus agalactiae can cause urinary tract infection (UTI) including cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). The early host-pathogen interactions that occur during S. agalactiae UTI and subsequent mechanisms of disease pathogenesis are poorly defined. Here, we define the early interactions between human bladder urothelial cells, monocyte-derived macrophages, and mouse bladder using uropathogenic S. agalactiae (UPSA) 807 and ABU-causing S. agalactiae (ABSA) 834 strains. UPSA 807 adhered, invaded and killed bladder urothelial cells more efficiently compared to ABSA 834 via mechanisms including low-level caspase-3 activation, and cytolysis, according to lactate dehydrogenase release measures and cell viability. Severe UPSA 807-induced cytotoxicity was mediated entirely by the bacterial β-hemolysin/cytolysin (β-H/C) because an β-H/C-deficient UPSA 807 isogenic mutant, UPSA 807ΔcylE, was not cytotoxic in vitro; the mutant was also significantly attenuated for colonization in the bladder in vivo. Analysis of infection-induced cytokines, including IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in vitro and in vivo revealed that cytokine and chemokine responses were dependent on expression of β-H/C that also elicited severe bladder neutrophilia. Thus, virulence of UPSA 807 encompasses adhesion to, invasion of and killing of bladder cells, pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine responses that elicit neutrophil infiltration, and β-H/C-mediated subversion of innate immune-mediated bacterial clearance from the bladder.
COG lobe B sub-complex engages v-SNARE GS15 and functions via regulated interaction with lobe A sub-complex
Authors: Willett Rose , Blackburn Jessica Bailey , Climer Leslie , Pokrovskaya Irina , Kudlyk Tetyana , Wang Wei , Lupashin Vladimir 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is a peripheral membrane protein complex which orchestrates tethering of intra-Golgi vesicles. We found that COG1-4 (lobe A) and 5–8 (lobe B) protein assemblies are present as independent sub-complexes on cell membranes. Super-resolution microscopy demonstrates that COG sub-complexes are spatially separated on the Golgi with lobe A preferential localization on Golgi stacks and the presence of lobe B on vesicle-like structures, where it physically interacts with v-SNARE GS15. The localization and specific interaction of the COG sub-complexes with the components of vesicle tethering/fusion machinery suggests their different roles in the vesicle tethering cycle. We propose and test a novel model that employs association/disassociation of COG sub-complexes as a mechanism that directs vesicle tethering at Golgi membranes. We demonstrate that defective COG assembly or restriction of tethering complex disassembly by a covalent COG1-COG8 linkage is inhibitory to COG complex activity, supporting the model.