bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annotated Draft Genome Assemblies for the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and the Scaled Quail (Callipepla squamata) Reveal Disparate Estimates of Modern Genome Diversity and Historic Effective Population Size
Authors: Oldeschulte David L , Halley Yvette A , Wilson Miranda L , Bhattarai Eric K , Brashear Wesley , Hill Joshua , Metz Richard P , Johnson Charles D , Rollins Dale , Peterson Markus J , Bickhart Derek M , Decker Jared E , Sewell John F , Seabury Christopher M 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; hereafter bobwhite) and scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) populations have suffered precipitous declines across most of their US ranges. Illumina-based first- (v1.0) and second- (v2.0) generation draft genome assemblies for the scaled quail and the bobwhite produced N50 scaffold sizes of 1.035 and 2.042 Mb, thereby producing a 45-fold improvement in contiguity over the existing bobwhite assembly, and ≥90% of the assembled genomes were captured within 1313 and 8990 scaffolds, respectively. The scaled quail assembly (v1.0 = 1.045 Gb) was ∼20% smaller than the bobwhite (v2.0 = 1.254 Gb), which was supported by kmer-based estimates of genome size. Nevertheless, estimates of GC content (41.72%; 42.66%), genome-wide repetitive content (10.40%; 10.43%), and MAKER-predicted protein coding genes (17,131; 17,165) were similar for the scaled quail (v1.0) and bobwhite (v2.0) assemblies, respectively. BUSCO analyses utilizing 3023 single-copy orthologs revealed a high level of assembly completeness for the scaled quail (v1.0; 84.8%) and the bobwhite (v2.0; 82.5%), as verified by comparison with well-established avian genomes. We also detected 273 putative segmental duplications in the scaled quail genome (v1.0), and 711 in the bobwhite genome (v2.0), including some that were shared among both species. Autosomal variant prediction revealed ∼2.48 and 4.17 heterozygous variants per kilobase within the scaled quail (v1.0) and bobwhite (v2.0) genomes, respectively, and estimates of historic effective population size were uniformly higher for the bobwhite across all time points in a coalescent model. However, large-scale declines were predicted for both species beginning ∼15–20 KYA.
O PIBID e suas contribuições na qualificação do cotidiano escolar
Authors: Fernandes Magda Marly , Santos da Silva Patrícia Cristina 
Published: July 2017

As políticas públicas para qualificação da formação docente, são ações necessárias para a melhoria da qualidade na educação básica. Nesse contexto o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência - PIBID[1] visa a oferecer, por sua configuração, uma dinâmica na formação básica aos futuros professores, com experiências e saberes em diferentes dimensões essenciais à profissão. Os estudantes vivenciam o trabalho interdisciplinar, com atuação em processos grupais, e são instigados a buscar diferentes metodologias para favorecer a aprendizagem, além da prática de registros para análise crítica dos contextos de ensino. Sendo assim, o programa afronta o currículo e transcorre em paralelo à vida dos universitários e dos escolares. O texto apresenta a percepção de coordenadoras de área frente a atuação do PIBID na formação dos estudantes e sua consolidação no trabalho desenvolvido nas escolas públicas. Foram realizadas observações nas escolas parceiras públicas de Ensino Fundamental I, diálogos com gestores, docentes e com os/as bolsistas licenciandos/as que nos permitiram discorrer sobre os cuidados fundamentais para que o PIBID seja aceito e aproveitado no currículo da escola. Foi verificado que as escolas observadas valorizam e respeitam o PIBID, reconhecendo o Programa como parte da instituição pública. Os estudantes são acolhidos e convidados a vivenciarem o cotidiano escolar com um olhar reflexivo e formativo. Percebe-se que há um amadurecimento, com mudança de postura dos bolsistas de passivo para uma postura ativa em termos de iniciativa sobre a prática pedagógica, com produção positiva de resultados que são apresentados inclusive fora do estado.[1] O Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência – PIBID é um programa de incentivo e valorização do magistério e de aprimoramento do processo de formação de docentes para a educação básica, vinculado a Diretoria de Educação Básica Presencial – DEB – da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES. O PIBID oferece bolsas para que alunos de licenciatura exerçam atividades pedagógicas em escolas públicas de educação básica, contribuindo para a integração entre teoria e prática, para a aproximação entre universidades e escolas e para a melhoria de qualidade da educação brasileira. Para assegurar os resultados educacionais, os bolsistas são orientados por coordenadores de área – docentes das licenciaturas - e por supervisores - docentes das escolas públicas onde exercem suas atividades.http://www.ufvjm.edu.br/prograd/pibid.html
Avaliação escolar: um estudo no ensino de ciências naturais e suas áreas
Authors: Dias Natália , Marques Paloma , Mesquita Lucas , Doná Carolina , Rosalen Marilena 
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo sobre a avaliação escolar do processo de aprendizagem em Ciências Naturais no Ensino Fundamental e nas suas áreas no Ensino Médio: Biologia, Física e Química. Por ser uma pesquisa do tipo estado da arte, ela tem um caráter bibliográfico, com intenção de mapear e discutir certa produção acadêmica na área do Ensino de Ciências em diferentes épocas e locais. Diante disso, foi realizada uma busca nos trabalhos das atas das últimas cinco edições (2015, 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007) do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (ENPEC), considerado o mais relevante evento na área de Ensino de Ciências, do país, referentes à avaliação, em específico, trabalhos relacionados aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem, no ensino básico. Foi levantada uma amostra inicial de 105 trabalhos, do qual apenas 23 trabalhos foram selecionados, por se encaixarem nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão previamente estabelecidos nessa pesquisa. Como resultados principais, podemos destacar que: os trabalhos analisaram em sua maior parte o Ensino Médio, em especial o Ensino de Biologia; as abordagens metodológicas destes trabalhos foram equilibradas entre qualitativa, quantitativa e mista; observou-se que a grande maioria das avaliações foram realizadas em aula, mas foram verificadas atividades do PIBID (Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência) e de projetos de extensão que foram utilizadas para a avaliação escolar; mesmo surgindo novos aspectos estruturais da avaliação, a pesquisa realizada mostrou que ainda predomina sua forma clássica e factual, priorizando a avaliação/exame de conteúdos conceituais.
Capturing Planned Protests from Open Source Indicators
Authors: Muthiah Sathappan , Huang Bert , Arredondo Jaime , Mares David , Getoor Lise , Katz Graham , Ramakrishnan Naren 
Published: July 2017

Civil unrest events (protests, strikes, and “occupy” events) are common occurrences in both democracies and authoritarian regimes. The study of civil unrest is a key topic for political scientists as it helps capture an important mechanism by which citizens express themselves. In countries where civil unrest is lawful, qualitative analysis has revealed that more than 75 percent of the protests are planned, organized, or announced in advance; therefore detecting references to future planned events in relevant news and social media is a direct way to develop a protest forecasting system. We report on a system for doing that in this article. It uses a combination of key‐phrase learning to identify what to look for, probabilistic soft logic to reason about location occurrences in extracted results, and time normalization to resolve future time mentions. We illustrate the application of our system to 10 countries in Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Results demonstrate our successes in capturing significant societal unrest in these countries with an average lead time of 4.08 days. We also study the selective superiorities of news media versus social media (Twitter, Facebook) to identify relevant trade‐offs.
A Phytoplankton Distribution study of Dukan basin in Sulaimani district -Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
Authors: Farkha Trifa , Fatah Adil 
Published: July 2017

The Phytoplankton species composition have been studied at eight stations from four
selected streams: Tabin, Charmaga, Chamirezan and Surqawshan in Dukan basin within
Sulaimani district during August 2010 to July 2011. Some physical and chemical
properties of the streams water were determined. Air and water temperature values were
varied between (3 to 43 oC) and (5 to 29 oC) ,respectively. Upon investigation, the pH
range of the sites was 7-9.4 indicating alkalinity of the water bodies. Calcium
concentrations always dominated over the other ions. Calcium values were varied
between (10 to 74 mg/l). Sodium and potassium concentration ranged between (0.66 to
16.5 mg/l) and (0.3 to 3.4 mg/l) respectively. Chloride concentrations never fall below
10 mg/l and never exceed 58 mg/l. throughout the studied period. A total of 136
phytoplankton taxa were identified which belong to six divisions , the majorities were
belonged to Bacillariophyta (92 taxa), making up 67.65 % of the total, followed by
Chlorophyta (19 taxa), making up 14.7 %, Cyanophyta (19 taxa) which make up 14 %,(
2 taxa) for each of Pyrophyta and , Euglenophyta and (1 taxon) of chrysophyta make
up 3.75% . The most diverse genera that were investigated in this study were: Navicula
(13 taxa) ,Nitizschia (15 taxa),Fragilaria(9 taxa) , Cymbella and Gomphonema (8 taxa).
Effect of acidic and basic water on the geomechanical properties of limestone used in decoration of buildings in Iraq.
Authors: Daod Heyam , Rashed Kamal , Rasheed Farouk 
Published: July 2017

The physico-mechanical properties of rock play an important role in planning and
designing of civil constructional work. A type of stone used in decoration of buildings in
Iraq traditionally known as (Halan rock), has been taken to check variation in its physico-
mechanical properties. Thirty two specimens of dimension 4.8cmx4.8cmx10cm of
fossiliferous limestone of Lower Fars Formation were collected. Different pH solution
from (pH1, pH3, pH5, pH7, pH9, pH11 and pH13) have been used to find the durability
of the stone. Laboratory test also includes effective porosity, both dry and saturated unit
weight, water absorption, uniaxial compressive strength, point load strength, and
modulus of elasticity together with thin section analysis. The results indicated that the
limestone appears to be less resistant to the atmospheric factors. The uniaxial
compressive strength and point Load strength decrease under acidic and alkaline
conditions.
Improve Quality and Quantity of Plant Products by Applying Potassium Nutrient (A Critical Review).
Authors: Salih Rabar , Abdan Khalina , Wayayok Aimrun , Hashim Norhashila , Rahman Khunaw 
Published: July 2017

Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are regarded as the main nutrients necessary for
plant growing. Each of these fertilizers has significant effects on plants growth. Their
functions are somehow in relationship to each other. The purpose of this article is to show
the importance of the potassium nutrient on the crops life. This kind of nutrient is
disregarded in Kurdistan. Generally, the farmers have not information about the impacts
of potassium. Hopefully, this study will encourage scientists to do more research on
effects of potassium on plants. On the other hand, this article is going to be a key for
using potassium fertilizer as an important mineral for the crops in the Kurdistan at the
best way. Two factors are more important for every farmer to know before using the
fertilizers (Fertilizers cost and environment pollution). As known, for getting fertilizers
farmers must be paid, and fertilizers can damage the environment if these are not used
correctly. Hence, for solving the above problems, a soil sample must be sent to a
laboratory for physical and chemical testing before application of fertilizers. Farmers
must know about appropriate nutrients and amount to add to the soil. Application of little
amount of nutrients cannot grow crops and too many nutrients can run off the fields and
pollute streams and ground water. Fertilizers have important purpose and function.
Hence, farmers must be careful to practice the right dose, at the right time, to avoid
negative effects of the fertilizers on the environment.
Assessment of soil quality indicators on different slope aspects in Duhok’s highlands (Kurdistan region – Iraq).
Authors: Ameen Hajar , Salem Salar 
Published: July 2017

This study was conducted to assess the influence of slope aspect on some physical, chemical
and biological indicators of soil quality in Mountain in Brifka village that located at about
20 km east of Duhok province in Iraqi Kurdistan region, having the same climatic, and
vegetation. Soil samples were collected randomly and at uniform intervals along north and
south facing slopes aspect. The soil quality has been represented by some physical,
chemical and biological indicators such as: soil texture, bulk density, moisture content,
organic carbon, pH, electrical conductivity, soil basal respiration, microbial biomass C,
potentially mineralizable N and metabolic quotient. The results indicated that, except in few
cases, the majority of studied soil quality indicators were significantly affected by slope
aspect. The mount of soil moisture content, silt mineral fraction, soil organic C, soil basal
respiration, microbial biomass was significantly higher in north facing slope compared to
south facing slope, while sand fraction and bulk density were significant higher on south
aspect than north aspect. No significant differences were found in clay fraction, soil pH,
electrical conductivity, potentially mineralizable N and metabolic content. It was suggested
that the slope aspect has effects on soil quality indicators and for better rangeland and
landscape management it is very important to take the topographic aspect into
consideration.
Concurrent self-use of Herbal and Synthetic Medicines in Kurdistan Region-Iraq.
Authors: Adham Aveen , Sabir Mohammed , Abdulqader Dilbreen , Naqishbandi Alaadin 
Published: July 2017

In many parts of the world, there are rich traditions for the use of herbs in treatment of
many disorders. This study is compared self-use of concurrent medicines (herbal and
synthetic) (CM) with herbal only medicines (HM) among people of different genders,
ages, and education levels in Kurdistan Region major cities (Erbil, Suleimaniyah, and
Duhok). Self-administered structured questionnaires were randomly distributed among
587 respondents. The information obtained comprises the demography, gender, age,
education level, previous self-use of CM or HM and indications for which HM were
used.The highest ratio of respondents were males (50.6 %), herbal and concurrent
medicines users were (15.8%) and (84.2 %) respectively. In all age groups, ratio of
concurrent medicines users were higher than herbal medicines (p< 0.05), age groups of
31-40 and 51-60 years showed higher ratio among respondents with (23.5%) and
(94.3%) for herbal and concurrent medicines, respectively. Among users of different
educational levels, ratio of concurrent medicines were higher than herbal medicines (p<
0.01), university graduate and primary school educational levels were with higher ratio
of (33.9%) and (93.9%) for herbal and concurrent medicines, respectively. The highest
percentage of herb users was among people who suffered from gastrointestinal problems
(59%), respiratory tract (39%) and cardiovascular system problems (36%), while
musculoskeletal conditions were less often treated with herbs in Kurdistan Region (9%).
Almost 104 plant species were mentioned during the interviews with respondents
belonging to 57 families, the most diverse one Umbelliferae, followed by Brassicaceae,
Asteraceae and Rosaceae.
A Pathological Study of Ovarian Abnormalities in Slaughtered NonPregnant Cows in Sulaimani Province.
Authors: Mohammed Mardin , Amin Faraidoon 
Published: July 2017

The current study was conducted to address the pathological conditions of ovaries of cows
slaughtered at the abattoir in Sulaimani province, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Among the 404
genitalia samples collected from the non-pregnant animals, 206 (51%) were found without
gross pathological abnormalities (with cyclic activity) and the remaining
120(29.70%)samples were found with gross pathological abnormalities of ovaries. The
ovaries exhibited the highest percentage of lesions 29.70%. Detected ovarian lesions
included follicular cyst 10.89%, cystic corpus luteum 5.44%, mild ovariobursal adhesions
4.45 %, sever ovariobursal adhesion 0.25%, paraovarian cysts 3.22%, ovarian hypoplasia
1.98%, ovarian hemorrhage (hemorrhagic cystic corpus luteum) 1.48%, luteal cyst 1.24%,
ovarian agenesis 0.50% and ovarian tumor (Gonadoblastoma) 0.25%. Histopathological
examinations exhibited that the follicular cysts were lined by several layers of granulosa
and theca cell, while the luteal cysts had follicular granulsa and the theca cells with marked
luteinization of cytoplasm. Microscopically, the ovarian hypoplasia showed lack of
ovarian follicles and oocytes, while the cavities of paraovarian cysts were lined by a single
layer of cuboidal epithelial cells, and the hemorrhagic cyst showed scattered hemorrhagic
spots close to the lumen and luteinized of granulosa and theca cells layers of cystic wall.
Histopathologically, the ovarian gonadoblastoma (Dysgenentic gonadoma) was
characterized by dual population of germ cell tumor and sex-cord stromal tumor and this
observation has not been recorded in Iraq previously. It was concluded that ovarian
abnormalities constitutes an percentage 0f 29.70%. And ovarian gonadoblastoma was
firstly recorded in this study in Iraq.
Using Standard Division to Solve Multi- Objective Quadratic Fractional Programming Problems
Authors: Sulaiman Nejmaddin , Nawkhas Maher 
Published: July 2017

In this paper, Standard Division (SD) technique is used to solve multi-objective Quadratic fractional programming problems
(MOQFPP), each objective functions has the following form max.(min.)z=(a_1^t x+α)(a_2^t x+β)/(b_1^t x+γ)(b_2^t x+δ) , and an algorithm suggested for it. Also the problems solved by Chandra Sen technique. We test several examples but introduce two of them in this paper and compare the objective functions between SD and Sen’s technique which is indicate SD technique batter than the other.
MOTIVASI TINDAKAN SALMAN FARIS DALAM MEMBANGUN DISKURSUS KARISMA TUAN GURU DI DALAM NOVEL TUAN GURU
Authors: Fauzan F. 
Published: July 2017

<p>Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membongkar motivasi tindakan Salman Faris dalam membangun diskursus karisma Tuan Guru di dalam novel <em>Tuan Guru</em>. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah semua ekspresi bahasa maupun ungkapan-ungkapan yang merupakan diskursus karisma Tuan Guru yang terdapat dalam novel <em>Tuan Guru </em>serta data yang didapatkan melalui hasil wawancara dengan para informan yang dianggap paling representatif. Data yang ada dianalisis dengan teori diskursus oleh Foucault yang digunakan secara eklektik dengan teori simulacra Baudrillard. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Salman Faris membangun diskursus karisma Tuan Guru atas dasar pengamatan dan interaksi sosial dengan masyarakat Lombok di tengah lingkungan Tuan Guru maupun di luar, sehingga Salman Faris berhasil membongkar motivasi tindakan Tuan Guru di tengah masyarakat Lombok yang memiliki tujuan untuk menjadi penguasa. Tuan Guru merupakan tokoh agama yang paling berpengaruh di Lombok.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: Salman Faris, diskursus karisma tuan guru, novel tuan guru</p>
MOTIF BURUNG HONG DAN SEKAR JAGAD UNTUK PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER (PEMAKNAAN ATAS BATIK LASEM)
Authors: Sudardi Bani , S. Novrasiloka 
Published: July 2017

<p>Artikel ini bertujuan mengungkapkan makna motif burung hong dan sekar jagat dalam motif batik Lasem, atau batik China. Ancangan teoretis yang digunakan adalah pendekatan hermeneutik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan prinsip eksploratif, yaitu dengan terjun ke lapangan untuk mengumpulkandan mendeskripsikan informasi di lapangan.</p><p>Penelitian menunjukan bahwa Lasem merupakan wilayah yang dihuni oleh etnis Tionghoa. Karena pembauran dengan orang Jawa, maka etnis Tionghoa di Lasem menghasilkan akulturasi budaya yang unik. Salah satu akulturasi adalah dalam hal produksi batik. Dalam hal batik, motif burunghong merupakan motif yang bermuatan budaya China yang memiliki makna dan karakter yang masih mempertahankan tradisi China. Sementara itu, dalam motif sekarjagat nuansa China bergeser ke karakter Jawa dan berpadu dengan budaya China dengan maksud tetap berpijak pada tradisi Jawa, tetapi terisi dengan ajaran dan karakter China seperti flora dan fauna China (naga, burung hong, gajah) dan betuk tulisan Cina atau sinografi karena melmbangkan simbol-simbol dan karakter China</p><p>Kata Kunci: motif batik Lasem, karakter</p>
DEKONSTRUKSI KARAKTER ARJUNA DALAM MAJALAH CEMPALA EDISI JANUARI 1997 DAN EDISI JULI 1996
Authors: Kurniawan Bagus 
Published: July 2017

<p>Di Indonesia, khususnya di Pulau Jawa, sejak masa Hindu-Budha telah mengenal dan berkembang tradisi pertunjukkan wayang. Bagi masyarakat Jawa, pertunjukkan wayang mempunyai nilai sosial yang penting. Pertunjukkan wayang tidak hanya dipandang sebagai sebuah tradisi yang harus dijaga dan dilestarikan, tetapi juga suatu bentuk tradisi yang mempunyai nilai sosial yang sakral. Oleh karena itu, tidak mengherankan apabila kemudian tradisi wayang digunakan sebagai sarana komunikasi maupun dakwah. Artinya, wayang bukan sekedar sarana hiburan, tetapi juga sebagai media komunikasi, media penyuluhan dan media pendidikan. Pemaknaan terhadap wayang masa kini mulai beragam, tidak hanya melalui dikotomi hitam-putih, tetapi juga melalui berbagai tafsir yang kemudian mendekonstruksi makna yang sudah mapan. Dalam tulisan ini akan diuraikan pembacaan lakon-lakon wayang melalui metode dekonstruksi. Dengan menggunakan beberapa lakon wayang berbahasa Indonesia yang diterbitkan dalam majalah Cempala, dalam tulisan ini akan diuraikan strategi pembacaan secara dekonstruksi terhadap karakter Arjuna.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> lakon wayang, Arjuna, lelananging jagad, dekonstruksi </p>