bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of test performance and clinical time zero for an electronic health record embedded severe sepsis alert
Authors: Downing N. , Shepard John , Chu Weihan , Tam Julia , Wessels Alexander , Li Ron , Dietrich Brian , Rudy Michael , Castaneda Leon , Shieh Lisa , Rolnick Joshua 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIncreasing use of EHRs has generated interest in the potential of computerized clinical decision support to improve treatment of sepsis. Electronic sepsis alerts have had mixed results due to poor test characteristics, the inability to detect sepsis in a timely fashion and the use of outside software limiting widespread adoption. We describe the development, evaluation and validation of an accurate and timely severe sepsis alert with the potential to impact sepsis management.To develop, evaluate, and validate an accurate and timely severe sepsis alert embedded in a commercial EHR.he sepsis alert was developed by identifying the most common severe sepsis criteria among a cohort of patients with ICD 9 codes indicating a diagnosis of sepsis. This alert requires criteria in three categories: indicators of a systemic inflammatory response, evidence of suspected infection from physician orders, and markers of organ dysfunction. Chart review was used to evaluate test performance and the ability to detect clinical time zero, the point in time when a patient develops severe sepsis.Two physicians reviewed 100 positive cases and 75 negative cases. Based on this review, sensitivity was 74.5%, specificity was 86.0%, the positive predictive value was 50.3%, and the negative predictive value was 94.7%. The most common source of end-organ dysfunction was MAP less than 70 mm/Hg (59%). The alert was triggered at clinical time zero in 41% of cases and within three hours in 53.6% of cases. 96% of alerts triggered before a manual nurse screen.We are the first to report the time between a sepsis alert and physician chart-review clinical time zero. Incorporating physician orders in the alert criteria improves specificity while maintaining sensitivity, which is important to reduce alert fatigue. By leveraging standard EHR functionality, this alert could be implemented by other healthcare systems.
Vitreoretinal Traction and Lamellar Macular Holes Associated with Cicatricial Toxoplasmic Retinochoroiditis: Case Series Report
Authors: Rodríguez Alvaro , Valencia Marcela , Gomez Flor E. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose Inflammation due to retinal neuroepithelial necrotic granulomas of toxoplasmosis can extend to neighbor areas and may develop focal adhesions of the posterior hyaloid, to the surface vessels, and the margins or adjoining areas of retinochoroiditis plaques. These adhesions may develop vitreoretinal traction and retinal tears. Vitreoretinal traction may be macular (VMT) or extramacular depending on the location of the toxoplasmic plaques. Vitreomacular traction may follow anomalous posterior vitreous detachment. We report 7 cases of vitreoretinal traction (macular or peripheral) and the development of 4 lamellar macular holes in cicatricial toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Methods This is a retrospective and observational study by revision of clinical records in a retinologist office, using diagnostic techniques, especially optical coherence tomography (OCT), current management, and an extended follow-up. The OCT observations on toxoplasmic extramacular plaques are more difficult. Results Seven cases in 5 patients, 2 of them bilateral, 3 male (66.6%) and 2 female, median age 46 years, were included. Anteroposterior VMT was found in 6 cases and another case was superotemporal midperipheral; 4 developed lamellar macular holes and 3 chronic macular epiretinal membranes. Best-corrected visual acuity was equal to or better than 20/30 in 3 cases, between 20/50 and 20/80 in 2 cases, and 20/160 to 20/200 in 2 cases. One small lamellar macular hole closed spontaneously during follow-up. Conclusions Inflammatory retinal granulomas of toxoplasmosis in cicatricial stages may present macular or peripheral focal vitreoretinal adhesions that can eventually lead to VMT and subsequent lamellar macular holes or peripheral retinal tears.
Specificity of in Vivo Confocal Cornea Microscopy in Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Authors: Füst Ágnes , Tóth Jeannette , Simon Gyula , Imre László , Nagy Zoltán Z. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose To report on the presence of 4 different structures visualized by confocal microscopy in patients whose clinical presentation suggested infection by Acanthamoeba. Methods Data and charts of 28 consecutive patients were analyzed in a retrospective study. Four types of structures were recognized by confocal microscopy performed with HRT II Rostock Cornea Module: trophozoites, double-walled cysts, signet rings, and bright spots. The 28 patients (mean age 30.8 years, range 17-61 years, 10 male, 18 female) were divided into 4 groups according to the diagnosis established later by microscopic examination of smear, culture, response to therapy, and the course of keratitis. The 4 groups were Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), Acanthamoeba suspect (AK-suspect), bacterial keratitis (BK), and fungal keratitis (FK). Results The rate of patients in AK, AK-suspect, FK, and BK groups where bright spots were found were 100%, 100%, 40%, and 55%, respectively. The sensitivity of presence of bright spots in the in vivo confocal microscopy in Acanthamoeba keratitis was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] 73.5% to 100.00%) and specificity was 50% (CI 24.7% to 75.4%). When cases where the only signs of Acanthamoeba were bright spots were excluded, and only those cases were counted where any of cysts, trophozoites, or signet rings were also found, the sensitivity was 67% (95% CI 34. 9% to 90.1%) and the specificity was 94% (95% CI 69.8% to 99.8%). Conclusions The relatively high rate of bright spots in non- Acanthamoeba keratitis challenges the assumption that bright spots seen by confocal microscopy are a specific indication of Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Treatment of Tunneled Dialysis Catheter Malfunction: Revision versus Exchange
Authors: Wang Jackson , Nguyen Tuan A. , Chin Andrew I. , Ross Jamie L. 
Published: June 2016

Introduction Exchange procedures involve tunneled dialysis catheter (TDC) removal and exchange over a wire, using the same exit site and venotomy site. Diagnostic imaging or intervention was generally not performed in exchange procedures. Revision procedures involve placement of new TDC using the previous venotomy site and a new tunnel and exit site. The majority of revisions usually include diagnostic imaging and intervention in the central circulation if needed. Methods A retrospective single review of 70 patients who underwent 97 TDC replacements from 2010 to early 2012 because of catheter malfunction was evaluated for either infection or malfunction within 30 days of the procedure. Results There were 41 exchanges and 56 revisions out of the 97 procedures performed. There were eight infections (documented by positive blood culture) in the exchanges (19.5%) and one in the revision group (1.8%). The need for an additional procedure due to malfunction was 10 in the exchange (24.4%) and 10 (17.8%) in the revision group. Conclusions Revision is a clearly superior procedure with regard to infection and more data need to be gathered as to whether it will decrease repeat procedures.
Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation: Complication Rates in the Neonatal Population: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Legemaat Monique , Carr Peter J. , van Rens Roland M. , van Dijk Monique , Poslawsky Irina E. , van den Hoogen Agnes 
Published: June 2016

Introduction Neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) rely highly on intravenous (IV) therapy, for which the peripheral intravenous cannula (PIVC) is the preferred device to allow such therapies to proceed. Placement of a PIVC is a painful procedure and repeated attempts for successful insertion should therefore be limited. We aimed to quantify the incidence, complications, and factors associated with these complications. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study to examine PIVC-related complications in level III NICUs of two university medical centers (UMC) in The Netherlands. We performed descriptive analyses and binary logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with PIVC complications. Results A total of 518 catheters were inserted in 235 infants. The first-time success rate was 45%. The predominant reason for non-elective removal due to complications was infiltration (N = 193; 67%). No significant association was found between discipline of the inserter, vein visualization device and location of the PIVC and whether or not a catheter needed to be removed due to a complication. Conclusions In this study the majority of PIVCs were removed after the occurrence of a complication. The most common complication was infiltration. Strategies to identify and prevent infiltration in an NICU population are required. Future interventional studies should attempt to improve first-time insertion success and reduce PIVC failure from infiltration in the neonate. Based on the results of the present study, neonatologists and physician assistants are the preferential PIVC inserters. Advanced training of all members of vascular access specialist teams and ongoing monitoring of PIVC-related complications are recommended.
3D IPEA Model to Improving the Service Quality of Boarding School
Authors: Chalim Asep Saifuddin 
Published: June 2016

<p>he service quality is an important factor which affecting student performance, expectation and satisfaction in a boarding school. The traditional of Importance-performance analysis used to evaluate strength and weaknesses of a service quality factors. The models of Importance-Performance-GAP Analysis (IPGA) have developed by integrating the strengths of the importance and performance analysis (IPA) and the GAP analysis (Lin, et al. 2009). This study develops a 3D (three dimensions) service quality and gap model by extending the IPGA model through adding student expectations attribute. This method shows the useful of the IPEA (Importance-performance-expectation analysis) in 3D grid view and this method useful in evaluating service quality of school. This study identified 40 items and each item was rated using Likert scales that have a 5-point of levels. The results were obtained from 175 students from grade 7 to grade 12. The final result was divided in two different aspect; (1) management aspect and (2) building services and facility aspect. The IPA grid for management aspect shows that four items fall into fist quadrant (Keep up the good work), and seven items fall into the second quadrant (Concentrate here), two items fall into third quadrant (Low priority), and two items fall into forth quadrant (Possible overkill). The results of 3D IPEA are shown that two attribute putted in quadrant 3 and one attribute in quadrant 6. The findings of the study show that a management aspect and building facilities aspect are necessary to enhance the service quality of school. The results are useful to identifying real condition of building facility and help a boarding school to develop better service quality. </p>
The Effect of Income, Health, Education, and Social Capital on Happiness in Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Theresia Puji , Harmadi Sonny Harry B. 
Published: June 2016

<p class="a"><span lang="EN-US">The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of income, health, education, and social capital on happiness in Indonesia. The data was taken from National Survey of Social Economic conducted by National Bureau of Statistics of Indonesia in 2012. Ordered probit model was used as estimation technique due to ordinal dependent variable and normal distribution of error assumption. The findings show happiness is affected by absolute income, physical perceived health status, mental health, medium and high level of education, trust in leader, participation on society’s activities, tolerance, and help for and from others. However relative income, gender, household head, junior high school, and trust to neighbors do not have significant effect on happiness. Easterlin paradox does not exist in Indonesia because income has positive impact on happiness. Satisfaction on works, financial, family harmony, and leisure time also have significant effect on happiness. Satisfaction on family harmony is the most important factor than others. From demographic variables, it was known that happiness is not different across gender, household head, and low education people. People who are married, live in urban areas, live outside Java and Bali islands, and have more children are found happier. Happiness-age relationship indicates U-shaped curve. Happiness tends to decrease over time until people reach 51 years old. For all three level of happiness, some predictors do not have significant marginal effect on happiness namely relative income, gender, low education level, and trust to neighbors. Meanwhile the variables of household head and number of infant are not robust. </span></p>
Evaluation of the 3M™ Molecular Detection Assay (MDA) 2 – Salmonella for the Detection of Salmonella spp. in Select Foods and Environmental Surfaces: Collaborative Study, First Action 2016.01
Authors: Bird Patrick , Flannery Jonathan , Crowley Erin , Agin James R , Goins David , Monteroso Lisa ,   Collaborators:, Barnes C , Bastin B , Blumfield J , Bonilla T , Brooks R , Budge E , Calle A , Campos D , Casimir J , Cuthbert N , Deshields A , Geurin Z , Gies C , Hankins A , Hardrath L , Kupski B , Mendres M , Miller J , Naylor K , Pickett J , Repeck A , Reynolds J , Schindler B , Schoeni J , Tillottson M , Thompson L , Wright H , Zook C 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The 3M™ Molecular Detection Assay (MDA) 2 – Salmonella uses real-time isothermal technology for the rapid and accurate detection of Salmonella spp. from enriched select food, feed, and food-process environmental samples. The 3M MDA 2 – Salmonella was evaluated in a multilaboratory collaborative study using an unpaired study design. The 3M MDA 2 – Salmonella was compared to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual Chapter 5 reference method for the detection of Salmonella in creamy peanut butter, and to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook Chapter 4.08 reference method “Isolation and Identification of Salmonella from Meat, Poultry, Pasteurized Egg and Catfish Products and Carcass and Environmental Samples” for the detection of Salmonella in raw ground beef (73% lean). Technicians from 16 laboratories located within the continental United States participated. Each matrix was evaluated at three levels of contamination: an uninoculated control level (0 CFU/test portion), a low inoculum level (0.2–2 CFU/test portion), and a high inoculum level (2–5 CFU/test portion). Statistical analysis was conducted according to the probability of detection (POD) statistical model. Results obtained for the low inoculum level test portions produced difference in collaborator POD values of 0.03 (95% confidence interval, −0.10 to 0.16) for raw ground beef and 0.06 (95% confidence interval, −0.06 to 0.18) for creamy peanut butter, indicating no statistically significant difference between the candidate and reference methods.
Perspective on Advancing FDA Regulatory Monitoring for Mycotoxins in Foods using Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (Review)
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wong Jon W , Krynitsky Alexander J , Trucksess Mary W 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The presence of mycotoxins (such as aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, and patulin) is routinely monitored by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to ensure that their concentrations in food are below the levels requiring regulatory action or advisories. To improve the efficiency of mycotoxin analysis, the researchers at the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition have been evaluating modern LC-MS technologies. Consequently, a variety of LC–tandem MS and LC–high-resolution MS methods have been developed, which simultaneously identify and quantitate multiple mycotoxins in foods and feeds. Although matrix effects (matrix-induced ion suppression or enhancement) associated with LC-MS-based mycotoxin analysis remain, this review discusses methods for managing these effects and proposes practical solutions for the future implementation of LC-MS-based multimycotoxin analysis.
L’atteinte à la vie familiale est la violation d’un droit de la personnalité au Québec : second mouvement
Authors: Lacroix Mariève 
Published: June 2016

L’auteure est d’avis que le droit au respect de la vie familiale est un droit de la personnalité, un droit fondamental, même s’il n’est pas l’objet d’un texte législatif précis en droit privé québécois. Une démonstration visant la reconnaissance d’un tel droit s’opère en deux temps. Suivant une démarche axiologique, l’auteure confronte le droit au respect de la vie familiale avec la panoplie des valeurs qui cimentent la société, telles que nous pouvons les percevoir dans l’ordre international, constitutionnel et quasi constitutionnel, afin de vérifier que cet ordre juridique n’est non seulement pas incompatible avec un « droit fondamental de la personnalité au respect de la vie familiale », mais qu’il serait incomplet sans la reconnaissance d’un tel droit. Suivant une démarche axiomatique, l’auteure confronte le droit au respect de la vie familiale avec les caractéristiques des autres droits de la personnalité protégés dans la tradition juridique québécoise, notamment le droit à la vie privée, pour en déduire qu’il s’agit bien d’un droit de la personnalité et d’un droit fondamental.
Underwater acoustic source localization using closely spaced hydrophone pairs
Authors: Sim Min Seop , Choi Bok-Kyoung , Kim Byoung-Nam , Lee Kyun Kyung 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Underwater sound source position is determined using a line array. However, performance degradation occurs owing to a multipath environment, which generates incoherent signals. In this paper, a hydrophone array is proposed for underwater source position estimation robust to a multipath environment. The array is composed of three pairs of sensors placed on the same line. The source position is estimated by performing generalized cross-correlation (GCC). The proposed system is not affected by a multipath time delay because of the close distance between closely spaced sensors. The validity of the array is confirmed by simulation using acoustic signals synthesized by eigenrays.
Computational study on SiH4 dissociation channels and H abstraction reactions
Authors: Hayashi Toshio , Ishikawa Kenji , Sekine Makoto , Hori Masaru 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The primary dissociation channels of SiH4 were investigated using computational chemistry. The results showed properties very similar to those of CH4. The main dissociation product was SiH2 and the second dissociation product was SiH3. SiH was produced through SiH3 to SiH + H2 dissociation by electronic excitation. H abstraction reactions by H and SiH3 were also calculated for SiH4, Si2H6, Si3H8, and Si9H14(100) cluster models. The energy barriers of H abstraction reactions were lower than those of SiH3 abstraction reactions. This result is considerably important for deposition in SiH4/H2 process plasma.
Influence of sodium carbonate on decomposition of formic acid by pulsed discharge plasma inside bubble in water
Authors: Iwabuchi Masashi , Takahashi Katsuyuki , Takaki Koichi , Satta Naoya 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The influence of sodium carbonate on the decomposition of formic acid by discharge inside bubbles in water was investigated experimentally. Oxygen or argon gases were injected into the water through a vertically positioned glass tube, in which the high-voltage wire electrode was placed to generate plasmas at low applied voltage. The concentration of formic acid was determined by ion chromatography. In the case of sodium carbonate additive, the pH increased owing to the decomposition of the formic acid. In the case of oxygen injection, the percentage of conversion of formic acid increased with increasing pH because the reaction rate of ozone with formic acid increased with increasing pH. In the case of argon injection, the percentage of conversion was not affected by the pH owing to the high rate loss of hydroxyl radicals.
Changes of solar extreme ultraviolet spectrum in solar cycle 24
Authors: Huang Jianping , Hao Yongqiang , Zhang Donghe , Xiao Zuo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFollowing the extreme solar minimum during 2008–2009, solar activity keeps low in solar cycle 24 (SC24) and is making SC24 the weakest one of recent cycles. In this paper, using observations from Earth‐orbiting satellites, we compare the solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance between SC23 and SC24 and investigate the solar cycle change of linear dependence of EUV on the P ((F10.7 + F10.7A)/2) and Mg II core‐to‐wing ratio indices. The Bremen composite Mg II index is strongly correlated with P over the two solar cycles, while this is not the case for the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) composite Mg II index, so we focus on the different dependence of EUV on the P and LASP Mg II indices. As a result we find that three coronal emissions (Fe XV at 28.4 nm and 41.7 nm and Fe XVI at 33.5 nm) brighten in SC24 relative to P; i.e., the magnitude of irradiance is higher than in SC23 at the same level of P. But relative to the LASP Mg II index, these emissions show no appreciable solar cycle differences. By contrast, the H I Lyman α at 121.6 nm dims in SC24 relative to the LASP Mg II but shows identical dependence on P in the two solar cycles. This result seems to contradict a well‐accepted fact that chromospheric and transition region emissions are better represented by the Mg II index and coronal lines by F10.7. For the different solar cycle variability of EUV in SC24, whether it is caused by source changes on the Sun is still unclear, but we suggest that it needs to be considered in proxy modeling of the EUV irradiance and aeronomic studies.
A new device for characterizing fracture networks and measuring groundwater and contaminant fluxes in fractured rock aquifers
Authors: Klammler Harald , Hatfield Kirk , Newman Mark A. , Cho Jaehyun , Annable Michael D. , Parker Beth L. , Cherry John A. , Perminova Irina 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper presents the fundamental theory and laboratory test results on a new device that is deployed in boreholes in fractured rock aquifers to characterize vertical distributions of water and contaminant fluxes, aquifer hydraulic properties, and fracture network properties (e.g., active fracture density and orientation). The device, a fractured rock passive flux meter (FRPFM), consists of an inflatable core assembled with upper and lower packers that isolate the zone of interest from vertical gradients within the borehole. The outer layer of the core consists of an elastic fabric mesh equilibrated with a visible dye which is used to provide visual indications of active fractures and measures of fracture location, orientation, groundwater flux, and the direction of that flux. Beneath the outer layer is a permeable sorbent that is preloaded with known amounts of water soluble tracers which are eluted at rates proportional to groundwater flow. This sorbent also captures target contaminants present in intercepted groundwater. The mass of contaminant sorbed is used to quantify cumulative contaminant flux; whereas, the mass fractions of resident tracers lost are used to provide measures of water flux. In this paper, the FRPFM is bench tested over a range of fracture velocities (2–20 m/day) using a single fracture flow apparatus (fracture aperture = 0.5 mm). Test results show a discoloration in visible dye corresponding to the location of the active fracture. The geometry of the discoloration can be used to discern fracture orientation as well as direction and magnitude of flow in the fracture. Average contaminant fluxes were measured within 16% and water fluxes within 25% of known imposed fluxes.