bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active macromolecules of honey form colloidal particles essential for honey antibacterial activity and hydrogen peroxide production
Authors: Brudzynski Katrina , Miotto Danielle , Kim Linda , Sjaarda Calvin , Maldonado-Alvarez Liset , Fukś Henryk 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLittle is known about the global structure of honey and the arrangement of its main macromolecules. We hypothesized that the conditions in ripened honeys resemble macromolecular crowding in the cell and affect the concentration, reactivity, and conformation of honey macromolecules. Combined results from UV spectroscopy, DLS and SEM showed that the concentration of macromolecules was a determining factor in honey structure. The UV spectral scans in 200–400 nm visualized and allowed quantification of UV-absorbing compounds in the following order: dark > medium > light honeys (p < 0.0001). The high concentration of macromolecules promoted their self-assembly to micron-size superstructures, visible in SEM as two-phase system consisting of dense globules distributed in sugar solution. These particles showed increased conformational stability upon dilution. At the threshold concentration, the system underwent phase transition with concomitant fragmentation of large micron-size particles to nanoparticles in hierarchical order. Honey two-phase conformation was an essential requirement for antibacterial activity and hydrogen peroxide production. These activities disappeared beyond the phase transition point. The realization that active macromolecules of honey are arranged into compact, stable multicomponent assemblies with colloidal properties reframes our view on global structure of honey and emerges as a key property to be considered in investigating its biological activity.
Porosity evolution at the brittle-ductile transition in the continental crust: Implications for deep hydro-geothermal circulation
Authors: Violay M. , Heap M. J. , Acosta M. , Madonna C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecently, projects have been proposed to engineer deep geothermal reservoirs in the ductile crust. To examine their feasibility, we performed high-temperature (up to 1000 °C), high-pressure (130 MPa) triaxial experiments on granite (initially-intact and shock-cooled samples) in which we measured the evolution of porosity during deformation. Mechanical data and post-mortem microstuctural characterisation (X-ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy) indicate that (1) the failure mode was brittle up to 900 °C (shear fracture formation) but ductile at 1000 °C (no strain localisation); (2) only deformation up to 800 °C was dilatant; (3) deformation at 900 °C was brittle but associated with net compaction due to an increase in the efficiency of crystal plastic processes; (4) ductile deformation at 1000 °C was compactant; (5) thermally-shocking the granite did not influence strength or failure mode. Our data show that, while brittle behaviour increases porosity, porosity loss is associated with both ductile behaviour and transitional behaviour as the failure mode evolves from brittle to ductile. Extrapolating our data to geological strain rates suggests that the brittle-ductile transition occurs at a temperature of 400 ± 100 °C, and is associated with the limit of fluid circulation in the deep continental crust.
Structural and Thermal Stability of Polycarbonate Decorated Fumed Silica Nanocomposite via Thermomechanical Analysis and In-situ Temperature Assisted SAXS
Authors: Yadav Ramdayal , Naebe Minoo , Wang Xungai , Kandasubramanian Balasubramanian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe inorganic and organic nanocomposites have enticed wide interest in the field of polymer-based composite systems to augment their physiochemical properties like mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. Achieving interfacial interaction between inorganic filler and polymer matrix is a recurring challenge, which has significant implications for mechanical properties of nanocomposites. In this context, the effect of “interfacial zone” on structural and thermal attributes of the melt blended pristine polycarbonate and polycarbonate (PC) decorated fumed silica nanocomposite have been examined from ambient temperature to the glass transition temperature. Thermomechanical characterization andin-situtemperature assisted small angle X-ray scattering technique (SAXS) were used for contemplating quantitative and qualitative molecular dynamics of developed nanocomposites. Though, the FT-IR spectra have demonstrated some extent of interaction between inorganic and organic groups of composite, the reduced glass transition temperature and storage modulus was ascertained in DMA as well as in DSC, which has been further confirmed byin-situtemperature assisted SAXS. It is envisioned that the utilization ofin-situSAXS in addition to the thermomechanical analysis will render the qualitative and quantitative details about the interfacial zone and its effect on thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposite at varying temperature conditions.
IGF-1 receptor regulates dynamic changes in neuronal polarity during cerebral cortical migration
Authors: Nieto Guil Alvaro F. , Oksdath Mariana , Weiss Linnea A. , Grassi Diego J. , Sosa Lucas J. , Nieto Marta , Quiroga Santiago 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDuring cortical development, neurons undergo polarization, oriented migration and layer-type differentiation. The biological and biochemical mechanisms underlying these processes are not completely understood. In neurons in culture we showed that IGF-1 receptor activation is important for growth cone assembly and axonal formation. However, the possible roles of the insulin like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) on neuronal differentiation and polarization in vivo in mammals have not yet been studied. Using in utero electroporation, we show here that the IGF-1R is essential for neocortical development. Neurons electroporated with a shRNA targeting IGF-1 receptor failed to migrate to the upper cortical layers and accumulated at the ventricular/subventricular zones. Co-electroporation with a constitutively active form of PI3K rescued migration. The change of the morphology from multipolar to bipolar cells was also attenuated. Cells lacking the IGF-1 receptor remain arrested as multipolar forming a highly disorganized tissue. The typical orientation of the migrating neurons with the Golgi complex oriented toward the cortical upper layers was also affected by electroporation with shRNA targeting IGF-1 receptor. Finally, cells electroporated with the shRNA targeting IGF-1 receptor were unable to form an axon and, therefore, neuron polarity was absent.
Promotion of the excited electron transfer over Ni- and Co -sulfide co-doped g-C3N4 photocatalyst (g-C3N4/NixCo1−xS2) for hydrogen Production under visible light irradiation
Authors: Fan Kai , Jin Zhiliang , Yang Hao , Liu Duanduan , Hu Hongyan , Bi Yingpu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA Ni- and Co- sulfide co-doped g-C3N4 photocatalyst (g-C3N4/NixCo1−xS2) was prepared by hydrothermal method and this photocatalyst, namely, g-C3N4/NixCo1−xS2 shown excellent photocatalytic properties due to the special structure of Ni-Co-S with boundary different exposure to active site of transition metal-metal (Ni-Co) active planes. With the introduction of Co atoms, the H2 production amount reached the maximum about 400.81 μmol under continuous visible light irradiation for 4 hours based on the efficiently charge separation and greatly improved electron transfer resulted from the presence of sufficient active exposure at the boundary. The serial studies shown that the existence of Ni-Co-S structure over g-C3N4 active surface is the key factor of activity affections by means of several characterizations such as SEM, XRD, XPS diffuse reflectance etc. and the results of which were in good agreement with each other. A possible reaction mechanism over eosin Y-sensitized g-C3N4/NixCo1−xS2 photocatalyst under visible light irradiation was proposed.
Synergistic effects of seed disperser and predator loss on recruitment success and long-term consequences for carbon stocks in tropical rainforests
Authors: Culot Laurence , Bello Carolina , Batista João Luis Ferreira , do Couto Hilton Thadeu Zarate , Galetti Mauro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe extinction of large frugivores has consequences for the recruitment of large-seeded plants with potential lasting effects on carbon storage in tropical rainforests. However, previous studies relating frugivore defaunation to changes in carbon storage ignore potential compensation by redundant frugivores and the effects of seed predators on plant recruitment. Based on empirical data of the recruitment success of a large-seeded hardwood tree species (Cryptocarya mandioccana, Lauraceae) across a defaunation gradient of seed dispersers and predators, we show that defaunation increases both seed dispersal limitation and seed predation. Depending on the level of seed predator loss, plant recruitment is reduced by 70.7–94.9% as a result of the loss of seed dispersers. The loss of large seed predators increases the net seed mortality by 7–30% due to the increased abundance of small granivorous rodents. The loss of large seed dispersers can be buffered by the compensatory effects of smaller frugivores in seed removal, but it is not sufficient to prevent a decrease in plant recruitment. We show that the conservation of both seed predators and dispersers is necessary for the recruitment of large-seeded plants. Since these plants contribute substantially to carbon stocks, defaunation can jeopardize the maintenance of tropical forest carbon storage.
Design and evaluation of an augmented reality simulator using leap motion
Authors: Wright Trinette , de Ribaupierre Sandrine , Eagleson Roy 
Published: August 2017

Advances in virtual and augmented reality (AR) are having an impact on the medical field in areas such as surgical simulation. Improvements to surgical simulation will provide students and residents with additional training and evaluation methods. This is particularly important for procedures such as the endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), which residents perform regularly. Simulators such as NeuroTouch, have been designed to aid in training associated with this procedure. The authors have designed an affordable and easily accessible ETV simulator, and compare it with the existing NeuroTouch for its usability and training effectiveness. This simulator was developed using Unity, Vuforia and the leap motion (LM) for an AR environment. The participants, 16 novices and two expert neurosurgeons, were asked to complete 40 targeting tasks. Participants used the NeuroTouch tool or a virtual hand controlled by the LM to select the position and orientation for these tasks. The length of time to complete each task was recorded and the trajectory log files were used to calculate performance. The resulting data from the novices' and experts' speed and accuracy are compared, and they discuss the objective performance of training in terms of the speed and accuracy of targeting accuracy for each system.
Hand–eye calibration using a target registration error model
Authors: Chen Elvis C.S. , Morgan Isabella , Jayarathne Uditha , Ma Burton , Peters Terry M. 
Published: August 2017

Surgical cameras are prevalent in modern operating theatres and are often used as a surrogate for direct vision. Visualisation techniques (e.g. image fusion) made possible by tracking the camera require accurate hand–eye calibration between the camera and the tracking system. The authors introduce the concept of ‘guided hand–eye calibration’, where calibration measurements are facilitated by a target registration error (TRE) model. They formulate hand–eye calibration as a registration problem between homologous point–line pairs. For each measurement, the position of a monochromatic ball‐tip stylus (a point) and its projection onto the image (a line) is recorded, and the TRE of the resulting calibration is predicted using a TRE model. The TRE model is then used to guide the placement of the calibration tool, so that the subsequent measurement minimises the predicted TRE. Assessing TRE after each measurement produces accurate calibration using a minimal number of measurements. As a proof of principle, they evaluated guided calibration using a webcam and an endoscopic camera. Their endoscopic camera results suggest that millimetre TRE is achievable when at least 15 measurements are acquired with the tracker sensor ∼80 cm away on the laparoscope handle for a target ∼20 cm away from the camera.
Diastereoselective [Cu(MeCN)4BF4/BF3·Et2O]-Catalyzed Cyclopropenation of Alkynes: Asymmetric Synthesis of β-Amino-α-cyclopropenyl Phosphonates
Authors: Ge Haihong , Liu Shuang , Cai Yan , Gao Zenghui , Du Siyi , Miao Zhiwei , Xie Guixian 
Published: August 2017

The diastereospecific formation of β-amino-α-cyclopropenyl phosphonates has been achieved in moderate yields from the cyclopropenation of 1-alkynes with dialkyl α-diazophosphonates. The reaction was performed by using a combined catalyst consisting of Cu(MeCN)4BF4 and BF3·Et2O as additive in dichloromethane at 40 °C. A possible mechanism for the reaction has been proposed to explain the origin of the activation and the asymmetric induction. This method provides a versatile approach to β-amino-α-cyclopropenylphosphonates containing a quaternary stereogenic center with good efficiency and diastereoselectivity.
Sistema de vacío con bolsa de orina, variación técnica
Authors: Chávez Gárate Walter , Camba Gonzalez Eva , Couceiro Otero Jose 
Published: August 2017

ResumenEn el presente trabajo se propone un método simple, económico y eficiente para la aplicación de la terapia de presión negativa en el tratamiento de heridas en cirugía de la mano. El procedimiento consiste en abrir el extremo distal de una bolsa colectora de orina, cortar su válvula interna, realizar la cobertura de la herida con esponjas, colocar un drenaje a través del tubo de la bolsa, sellar la bolsa y aplicar la presión negativa habitual. Esa variación para la colocación de la terapia de vacío, permite el tratamiento de heridas grandes y complejas en la mano, sobre todo aquellas que involucran los dedos, en las que obtener un sellado que no pierda el vacío, con los plásticos habituales, es complejo. Como ventaja adicional, se puede controlar la vascularización local al ser una bolsa transparente. También es posible realizar movilización y/o rehabilitación tempranas incluso con la terapia funcionando. Las posibles complicaciones son principalmente el realizar vacío sobre piel sana y la rara pero posible reacción local alérgica. Esa es una modificación técnica muy útil y fácil de realizar para obtener un vacío adecuado en una localización compleja.
Retracción de los dedos y síndrome de túnel carpiano secundarios a infiltración gotosa de tendones flexores de la mano
Authors: Rodríguez Pérez E. , González Porto S. , Álvarez Jorge A. 
Published: August 2017

ResumenPresentamos un caso de afectación gotosa de los tendones flexores de la mano a nivel de la zona IV flexora, en un paciente con clínica compresiva de nervio mediano y retracción de los dedos largos de la mano. Se realiza una revisión de la gota como etiología de síndrome de túnel del carpo secundario y retracción de los dedos largos, así como las distintas opciones de tratamiento tanto médico como quirúrgico.
Musculotendinous Disorders in the Lower Leg
Authors: Newman Joel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMusculotendinous injury in the lower leg is associated with a variety of athletic activities. Myotendinous strain is typically localized to the posterior calf muscles, with involvement of the medial head of gastrocnemius muscle most common. Nontraumatic soft tissue injuries of the lower leg, including muscle herniation, are less frequently imaged. Ruptured popliteal cysts and deep vein thrombosis are important differential considerations in the patient presenting with acute calf pain and swelling.
Musculotendinous Injuries: Sonographic-guided Interventions
Authors: Wood Jeffrey , Beaulieu Christopher 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMusculotendinous injuries occur commonly in athletes of all levels and ages, leading to considerable missed game and practice time. Although most injuries heal well with conservative management, in appropriate circumstances, ultrasound-guided interventions are a safe, efficient, cost-effective, and readily available means of treatment that may help expedite return to play. This article describes the relevant anatomy and pathology of the musculotendinous unit and explains the decision-making process regarding percutaneous interventions. Through case examples, we discuss practical aspects of interventional techniques, sonographic approaches, and injectable materials including anti-inflammatory medications and platelet-rich plasma.
Musculotendinous Disorders in the Upper Extremity: Part 2. MRI of the Elbow, Forearm, Wrist, and Hand
Authors: Boutin Robert , Fritz Russell 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMuscle and tendon injuries about the elbow and more distal aspect of the upper arm are commonly evaluated and characterized with magnetic resonance imaging. This article reviews our experience with muscle and tendon injury as well as denervation of muscles. We focus on abnormalities of the biceps and the triceps tendons about the elbow as well as abnormalities of the flexor and extensor tendons about the elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. We also discuss and illustrate our experience with lacerations, crush injuries, and muscle hernias in the forearm.
Musculotendinous Disorders in the Upper Extremity: Part 1. MRI of the Shoulder and Upper Arm
Authors: Boutin Robert , Fritz Russell 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMuscle and tendon injuries about the shoulder and upper arm are commonly evaluated and characterized with magnetic resonance imaging. This article reviews our experience with abnormalities of the rotator cuff tendons and muscles as well as the deltoid muscle in the shoulder. We discuss and illustrate abnormalities of the upper arm such as strain injuries of the pectoralis major, strain injuries of the teres major and latissimus dorsi, and contusion and crush injuries of the biceps and brachialis muscles in the upper arm.
Effectiveness of computer-aided diagnosis of colorectal lesions using novel software for magnifying narrow-band imaging: a pilot study
Authors: Tamai Naoto , Saito Yutaka , Sakamoto Taku , Nakajima Takeshi , Matsuda Takahisa , Sumiyama Kazuki , Tajiri Hisao , Koyama Ryosuke , Kido Shoji 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Magnifying narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) enables detailed observation of microvascular architecture and can be used in endoscopic diagnosis of colorectal lesion. However, in clinical practice, differential diagnosis and estimation of invasion depth of colorectal lesions based on M-NBI findings require experience. Therefore, developing computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for M-NBI would be beneficial for clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of software for CAD of colorectal lesions.
Materials and methods In collaboration with Yamaguchi University, we developed novel software that enables CAD of colorectal lesions using M-NBI images. This software for CAD further specifically divides original Sano’s colorectal M-NBI classification into 3 groups (group A, capillary pattern [CP] type I; group B, CP type II + CP type IIIA; group C, CP type IIIB), which describe hyperplastic polyps (HPs), adenoma/adenocarcinoma (intramucosal [IM] to submucosal [SM]-superficial) lesions, and SM-deep lesions, respectively. We retrospectively reviewed 121 lesions evaluated using M-NBI.
Results The 121 reviewed lesions included 21 HP, 80 adenoma/adenocarcinoma (IM to SM-superficial), and 20 SM-deep lesions. The concordance rate between the CAD and the diagnosis of the experienced endoscopists was 90.9 %. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of the CAD for neoplastic lesions were 83.9 %, 82.6 %, 53.1 %, 95.6 %, and 82.8 %, respectively. The values for SM-deep lesions were 83.9 %, 82.6 %, 53.1 %, 95.6 %, and 82.8 %, respectively.
Conclusion Relatively high diagnostic values were obtained using CAD. This software for CAD could possibly lead to a wider use of M-NBI in the endoscopic diagnosis of colorectal lesions.
Interdisziplinäre Empfehlungen zur Behandlung des metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinoms
Authors: Miller Kurt , Bergmann Lothar , Doehn Christian , Gschwend Jürgen , Keilholz Ulrich 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Prognose von Patienten mit einem metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinom (mRCC) hat sich dank zielgerichteter Substanzen deutlich verbessert. Überlebenszeiten von mehr als 2 Jahren sind realistisch. Die Fortschritte zeigen sich auch darin, dass zunehmend Therapieoptionen in Dritt- und weiteren Linien thematisiert werden.Sunitinib, Pazopanib, die Kombination Bevacizumab+Interferon-alpha sowie Temsirolimus sind für die Erstlinie beim mRCC zugelassen. Sunitinib und Pazopanib haben eine Zulassung auch für die Zweitlinientherapie – für Pazopanib ist diese auf den Einsatz nach Zytokinen beschränkt. Everolimus (nach Therapie mit einem Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitor; TKI), Axitinib (nach Sunitinib- oder Zytokintherapie) sowie Sorafenib (nach Zytokintherapie) sind weitere Wirkstoffe für die Zweitlinien-Therapie.In der Zweitlinientherapie gab es 3 Neuzulassungen: Nach Versagen einer gegen VEGF gerichteten Therapie können nun Nivolumab, Cabozantinib und Lenvatinib in Kombination mit Everolimus eingesetzt werden. Damit stehen zum ersten Mal eine zielgerichtete Immuntherapie und eine Kombination zielgerichteter Substanzen beim mRCC zur Verfügung.Zur Frage nach der optimalen Sequenztherapie gibt es keine neuen Erkenntnisse. Bisher liegen Ergebnisse einer Phase-III-Studie vor, in der die geprüften Sequenzen Sorafenib-Sunitinib und Sequenz Sunitinib-Sorafenib gleichwertig waren.Ziel eines interdisziplinären RCC-Expertengesprächs war es, gemeinsame Therapieempfehlungen auf Basis der aktuell publizierten Daten und der eigenen klinischen Erfahrung zu erarbeiten und für den Praxisalltag abzuleiten. Die Ergebnisse werden in dieser Publikation vorgestellt.
c-Met Onkogen bei Nierenzellkarzinomen
Authors: Erlmeier Franziska , Weichert W. , Autenrieth M. , Ivanyi P. , Hartmann A. , Steffens S. 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassungc-Met spielt eine bedeutende Rolle in einer Vielzahl zellulärer Prozesse. Als Protoonkogen unterstützt die Tyrosinkinase aggressives Tumorverhalten, wie z. B. invasives Tumorwachstum und Metastasenbildung. Für einige Subtypen des Nierenzellkarzinoms (NZK) zeigt sich ein mehrfach belegter Zusammenhang zwischen der Höhe der c-Met Expression und dem Krankheitsverlauf bzw. der Prognose. c-Met stellt somit beim NZK einen prognostischen Marker dar.Darüber hinaus wird c-Met in der Ära der personalisierten Medizin als möglicher Angriffspunkt gezielter Therapien eine bedeutende Rolle spielen. Vor allem beim klarzelligen NZK erlangt die duale VEGF und c-Met Tyrosinkinase-Hemmung bei metastasierten, therapierefraktären Tumoren zunehmend klinische Relevanz. Die Bedeutung von c-Met ist bis dato noch nicht gänzlich für alle Subtypen des NZK geklärt. Die Relevanz von c-Met bei den übrigen NZK gilt es noch abschließend zu klären.