bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured, Highly Anisotropic, and Mechanically Robust Polymer Electrolyte Membranes via Holographic Polymerization
Authors: Smith Derrick M. , Pan Qiwei , Cheng Shan , Wang Wenda , Bunning Timothy J. , Li Christopher Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes have shown to be a promising solution to suppressing dendrite growth for safer and higher performance lithium batteries. This article reports the fabrication and characterization of a series of nanostructured polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) comprised of poly(ethylene glycol)/bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium electrolyte and acrylate–thiol‐ene crosslinked resin using a holographic polymerization (HP). Nanoscale long‐range order is observed and this unique structure imposes intriguing mechanical and ion‐conducting properties of the PEMs. The modulus of the holographically polymerized PEMs can be tuned to vary from 150 to 1300 MPa while room temperature conductivities of ≈2 × 10−5 S cm−1 and 90 °C conductivity of ≈5 × 10−4 S cm−1 are achieved. The HP nanostructure is also capable of directing ion transport either parallel or perpendicular to the membrane surface; an unprecedented ionic conductivity anisotropy as high as 3 × 105 is achieved. It is anticipated that these PEMs may be excellent candidates for lithium battery applications.
Electrooptical Synergy on Plasmon–Exciton‐Codriven Surface Reduction Reactions
Authors: Cao En , Guo Xiao , Zhang Liqiang , Shi Ying , Lin Weihua , Liu Xiaochun , Fang Yurui , Zhou Liyan , Sun Yinghui , Song Yuzhi , Liang Wenjie , Sun Mengtao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe monolayer graphene–Ag nanoparticles hybrid system is fabricated as the electrooptical‐coordinated controlled substrate for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy. Plasmon–exciton interactions in this hybrid system are systemically investigated and applied in the field of surface catalytic reactions, manipulated by the electrooptical synergy. Experimental results demonstrate that the surface catalytic reactions can not only be controlled by plasmon–exciton coupling, but also be affected by the gate voltages and electric currents (or bias voltages). The gate voltage can tune the density of state of electrons, and electric current can make the hot electrons near the Fermi level with higher kinetic energy. Both of gate voltages and electric currents can significantly promote the efficiency and probability of plasmon–exciton‐codriven surface catalytic reactions. The electrooptical device based on plasmon–exciton coupling can be potentially applied in the fields of sensor, catalysis, energy, and environment.
Controlled Selective CVD Growth of ZnO Nanowires Enabled by Mask‐Free Fabrication Approach using Aqueous Fe Catalytic Inks
Authors: Alameri Dheyaa , Ocola Leonidas E. , Kuljanshvili Irma 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFabrication process that enables selective growth of vertically oriented zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) via chemical vapor deposition method and mask‐free patterning approach is reported. It is shown that synthesis of high‐quality ZnO nanowires in various architectures is achievable by optimizing the growth conditions and by precise patterning of catalytic ink precursors. Parallel direct‐write patterning method is utilized to fabricate arrays of different architectures on Si/SiO2 substrates and directly on devices at preselected locations. The production of high‐quality, crystalline ZnO NWs is demonstrated using aqueous iron catalytic inks. The composition of the ink and the lateral size of the patterns deposited on substrates are shown to affect the resulting nanowires and thus, allowing to control the geometry (length and diameter) of the individual ZnO NWs in the patterned assemblies. The results indicate that our protocols are tailored to the fabrication of ZnO NWs with specific surface geometries and interface functionalities for variety of targeted device applications.
Precise Patterning of Large‐Scale TFT Arrays Based on Solution‐Processed Oxide Semiconductors: A Comparative Study of Additive and Subtractive Approaches
Authors: Li Minmin , Zheng Jiwen , Xu Huihua , Wang Zhaogui , Wu Qian , Huang Bolong , Zhou Hang , Liu Chuan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPrecise patterning of solution‐processed oxide semiconductors is critical for cost‐effective, large‐scale, and high throughput fabrication of circuits and display application. In this paper, demonstration and comparison are made using the additive and subtractive patterning strategies to precisely fabricate wafer‐scale thin film transistor arrays (1600 devices), which are based on high‐quality solution‐processed indium zinc oxide (IZO) and indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO). The IZO and IGZO TFTs exhibit field‐effect mobility up to 8.0 and 5.2 cm2 V−1 s−1 when using the additive method, whereas the highest mobility of 24.2 and 13.7 cm2 V−1 s−1 for IZO and IGZO TFTs is achieved when using the subtractive method. The X‐ray photoelectronic spectroscopy studies and quantitative 2D device simulations together reveal that good device performance is attributed to moderate shallow donor‐like states (providing electrons) from oxygen vacancy and few accepter‐like states (trapping electrons) resulted from the dense structural framework of MO bonds. After examining the uniformity and reliability of the devices, the solution‐patterned inverters are demonstrated using negative‐channel metal oxide semiconductors, which show full swing output transfer characteristics and thus provide a promising method for solution‐based fabrications of circuits.
Benzyne‐Promoted Curtius‐Type Rearrangement of Acyl Hydrazides in the Presence of Nucleophiles
Authors: Guo Jing‐Yu , Zhong Chen‐Hao , He Zeng‐Yang , Tian Shi‐Kai 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA protocol has been developed for the Curtius‐type rearrangement of acyl hydrazides in the presence of nucleophiles by activating acyl hydrazides with benzyne to generate aminimide intermediates. A wide variety of N′‐methyl‐N′‐phenyl acyl hydrazides were treated with various alcohols in the presence of 2‐(trimethylsilyl)phenyl triflate and CsF under mild conditions to afford structurally diverse carbamates in moderate to excellent yields. Importantly, complete retention of configuration was observed in the reaction of enantioenriched α‐chiral alkanoyl hydrazides. Replacing the alcohol with water, an amine, an N′‐unsubstituted acyl hydrazide, an alkoxyamine, or a thiophenol in the reaction permitted facile synthesis of ureas and analogues.
A Three‐Component Enantioselective Cyclization Reaction Catalyzed by an Unnatural Amino Acid Derivative
Authors: de Gracia Retamosa María , Ruiz‐Olalla Andrea , Bello Tamara , de Cózar Abel , Cossío Fernando P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA new diastereo‐ and enantioselective three‐component cyclization reaction is described. The reaction takes place between a ketone, a carboxylic acid, and a nitroalkene to yield a bicyclic octahydro‐2H‐indol‐2‐one scaffold possessing three chiral centers. This reaction involves a rearrangement of the nitro group under simple thermal conditions. A plausible mechanism is proposed for this new reaction based on DFT calculations and isotope‐labeling experiments. A new concise enantioselective synthesis of the alkaloid (+)‐pancracine is presented as an example of the potential of this novel organocatalytic cyclization reaction in the synthesis of natural products.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in a Y3N@C80Endohedral Fullerene: Time‐Resolved Luminescence and EPR Studies
Authors: Zalibera Michal , Krylov Denis S. , Karagiannis Dimitrios , Will Paul‐Anton , Ziegs Frank , Schiemenz Sandra , Lubitz Wolfgang , Reineke Sebastian , Savitsky Anton , Popov Alexey A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe endohedral fullerene Y3N@C80exhibits luminescence with reasonable quantum yield and extraordinary long lifetime. By variable‐temperature steady‐state and time‐resolved luminescence spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that above 60 K the Y3N@C80exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence with maximum emission at 120 K and a negligible prompt fluorescence. Below 60 K, a phosphorescence with a lifetime of 192±1 ms is observed. Spin distribution and dynamics in the triplet excited state is investigated with X‐ and W‐band EPR and ENDOR spectroscopies and DFT computations. Finally, electroluminescence of the Y3N@C80/PFO film is demonstrated opening the possibility for red‐emitting fullerene‐based organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs).
Statische und dynamische Probebelastungen an Stahlrohrpfählen in 40 m Wassertiefe in der Ostsee
Authors: Geduhn Magnus , Moreira Barbosa Pedro , Steenfelt Jørgen S. , Hust Augustesen Anders 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIberdrola baut derzeit den 350‐MW‐Offshore‐Windpark Wikinger in der deutschen Ostsee. Der Baugrund wird im Wesentlichen durch Geschiebemergel und Kreide dominiert. Ramboll IMS (vormals IMS Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH) war zusammen mit COWI als Joint‐Venture‐Partner verantwortlich für die Planung der tiefgegründeten Jacket‐Strukturen. Ramboll IMS hat auch die Rolle des geotechnischen Sachverständigen im Sinne der BSH‐Richtlinien für dieses Projekt übernommen und zudem zusammen mit COWI die Planung, Überwachung und Auswertung der hier vorgestellten Offshore‐Pfahlversuche durchgeführt. Die bislang veröffentlichten Pfahlbemessungsmethoden offenbaren signifikante Unsicherheiten für offene Stahlrohrpfähle in Kreide, die bei Anwendung zu bis zu 70 m langen Gründungspfählen führen würden. Um diesen Unsicherheiten zu begegnen, wurden im Auftrag des Projektentwicklers dynamische und vollständig autonome statische Offshore‐Pfahlprobebelastungen (Zugversuche) vor Beginn der Ausführungsplanung zur Gründung geplant, beauftragt und realisiert, um speziell die Mantelreibung in der Kreide nach verschiedenen Zeitpunkten nach Herstellung der Pfähle zu verifizieren und in die Ausführungsplanung einfließen zu lassen, um die Pfähle deutlich zu verkürzen. Die statischen Zugversuche und begleitenden dynamischen Pfahlprobebelastungen wurden zehn Wochen nach der jeweiligen Pfahlrammung an drei unterschiedlichen Standorten im Projektgebiet an Testpfählen mit 50 % reduziertem Außendurchmesser (D = 1,37 m) in etwa 40 m Wassertiefe durchgeführt. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen technischen Überblick über die durchgeführten Versuche und zeigt Risiken und Vorteile auf, die die Feldversuche rechtfertigen. Die auf Grundlage der Pfahlversuche gebaute mittlere Pfahllänge betrug 30 m. Einige gewonnene Erkenntnisse werden geteilt und Schlussfolgerungen hinsichtlich der Machbarkeit, der Gestaltung und der Planung von Offshore‐Pfahlprobebelastungen gezogen, die bislang einzigartig in der Umsetzung sind. Weitergehende Details zu den Versuchsergebnissen werden in einem Folgeaufsatz zusammengeführt und sollen 2018 veröffentlicht werden, da der Projektentwickler sich derzeit noch im direkten Wettbewerb um weitere Windparks in der Ostsee befindet.
Bauwerksmessungen versus Rechenkonzepte zur Beurteilung von Spannstahlermüdung in Betonbrücken
Authors: Sanio David , Löschmann Jens , Mark Peter , Ahrens Mark Alexander 
Published: November 2017

AbstractViele Bestandsbrücken sind hinsichtlich ihrer Tragfähigkeit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit neu zu bewerten. Seinerzeit nicht für die heutigen Anforderungen bemessen, nutzen etwa die verfeinerten Rechenansätze der Stufe 2 der Nachrechnungsrichtlinie Traglastreserven aus. Allerdings werden dabei auch rechnerische Defizite festgestellt, die nicht den optischen Zustand des Bauwerks widerspiegeln. In diesen Fällen können Messungen (Monitoring) zusätzliche Tragreserven identifizieren und so die Restnutzungsdauer wesentlich verlängern. Insbesondere die Ermüdung von Spann‐ und Betonstahl sowie die Gebrauchstauglichkeitsnachweise hängen wesentlich vom realen Tragverhalten ab und können durch ein zielgerichtetes Monitoring genauer bewertet werden. Dieses Vorgehen entspricht der – nur selten angewendeten – Stufe 3 der Nachrechnungsrichtlinie, die Messungen explizit erlaubt.Der Beitrag identifiziert maßgebende Berechnungsgrößen des Ermüdungsnachweises und bewertet deren Einfluss. Die Vielzahl möglicher Messverfahren unterscheidet sich nach Aufwand und möglichem Erkenntnisgewinn. Zur Abwägung von Aufwand und Nutzen dient eine tabellierte Zusammenstellung als Entscheidungshilfe für den bearbeitenden Ingenieur. Sie unterstützt die Auswahl geeigneter Messverfahren und kann als Ausgangspunkt wirtschaftlicher, messwertgestützter Zustandsbewertungen des Tragwerks genutzt werden.Mit der zielgerichteten Messung ist eine erhebliche Genauigkeitssteigerung möglich und damit verbunden eine Verlängerung der Nutzungsdauer. Mit verschiedenen Monitoringverfahren ließ sich etwa die Nutzungsdauer eines Referenzbauwerks um etwa ein 14‐Faches verlängern. Dies wird an Beispielen gezeigt.
Toward a harmonization of national sustainability requirements and criteria for solid biomass
Authors: Mai‐Moulin Thuy , Armstrong Simon , van Dam Jinke , Junginger Martin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper compares national sustainability support schemes and sustainability requirements in four countries that import solid biomass for heat and power generation: Belgium, Denmark, the UK, and the Netherlands. The paper also reviews voluntary certification schemes for solid biomass that may be used to demonstrate sustainability compliance. In the absence of mandatory EU criteria for solid biomass, different national support schemes and sustainability requirements may present barriers to trade. This paper identifies some possibilities for harmonization and provides suggestions for policymakers for the improvement and alignment of national sustainability requirements. Ultimately the paper suggests establishing a harmonized certification scheme in the short term based on legislative requirements in the four countries and in voluntary initiatives. The proposed harmonized certification scheme may also reduce both implementation costs and complexity for biomass suppliers and generators. In the long term, the paper recommends binding criteria on sustainability requirements for solid biomass at EU level. © 2017 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Change in bowel habit, abdominal pain, and a palpable abdominal mass in a 58‐year‐old female
Authors: Peacock Julian , Perkins Zane 
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical MessageGiant colonic diverticulum is a rare complication of diverticulosis, which may present in the acute or chronic setting. Colonic resection and en bloc resection of the diverticulum are the favored management, however, conservative treatment remains an option that could be considered in asymptomatic patients with minimal symptoms.
Hierarchical Porous Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Constructed of Crumpled and Interconnected Graphene‐Like Nanosheets for Sodium‐Ion Batteries and All‐Solid‐State Symmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Jia Zhengbao , Chen Can , Xu Guobao , Wei Xiaolin , Yang Liwen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHierarchical porous N‐doped carbon constructed of interconnected and crumpled graphene‐like nanosheets (designated as HGOCN‐A) is prepared by combining NaCl templating with KOH activation through the solid‐state pyrolysis of a urea and glucose complex. The self‐assembled soluble NaCl/KOH crystals serve as an in situ template and support for the production of carbon nanosheets with 3D hierarchical porous structure, and chemical activation from KOH benefits the formation of abundant mesopores between 2 and 50 nm in size. Owing to the synergistic effect associated with the 2D morphology, the high BET surface area, enriched nitrogen doping, as well as a more appropriate pore‐size distribution, the HGOCN‐A demonstrates excellent electrochemical behaviors as electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and all‐solid‐state symmetric supercapacitors. For SIBs, the HGOCN‐A anode exhibits a high capacity of 195 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 200 cycles, a long cycling stability with a capacity of 164 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, and an excellent rate performance with a capacity of 108 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1. For all‐solid‐state symmetric supercapacitors, the fabricated device possesses a superior capacitive property of 212 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, a high capacitance retention with 142 F g−1 at 10 A g−1, and outstanding cycling stability with 98 % capacitance retention after 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1. HGOCN‐A has great potential in future applications for high‐performance electrochemical energy storage devices.
Application of independent component analysis with semi‐supervised Laplacian regularization kernel density estimation
Authors: Fan Song , Zhang Yingwei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this study, fault detection and fault reconstruction methods are developed using matrix factorization of component vectors obtained with independent component analysis (ICA). Two monitoring statistics are used for fault detection in a detailed analysis of the ICA data model. A fault reconstruction technique is proposed that can determine the normal value and an estimate of the fault magnitude from the measurements. A semi‐supervised Laplacian regularization (SLR) kernel density estimation approach is introduced to determine the normal operating region, which can significantly reduce the false alarm rate. These methods are applied to a hot galvanizing pickling waste liquor treatment process (HGPWLTP) to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The test results show that the proposed approach has satisfactory performance.
Structure–Activity Relationship of Propargylamine‐Based HDAC Inhibitors
Authors: Wünsch Matthias , Senger Johanna , Schultheisz Philipp , Schwarzbich Sabrina , Schmidtkunz Karin , Michalek Carmela , Klaß Michaela , Goskowitz Stefanie , Borchert Philipp , Praetorius Lucas , Sippl Wolfgang , Jung Manfred , Sewald Norbert 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAs histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in the treatment of cancer, their selective inhibition has been the subject of various studies. These continuous investigations have given rise to a large collection of pan‐ and selective HDAC inhibitors, containing diverse US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved representatives. In previous studies, a class of alkyne‐based HDAC inhibitors was presented. We modified this scaffold in two previously neglected regions and compared their cytotoxicity and affinity toward HDAC1, HDAC6, and HDAC8. We were able to show that R‐configured propargylamines contribute to increased selectivity for HDAC6. Docking studies on available HDAC crystal structures were carried out to rationalize the observed selectivity of the compounds. Substitution of the aromatic portion by a thiophene derivative results in high affinity and low cytotoxicity, indicating an improved drug tolerance.
Dual‐Fluorescent Nanoscale Coordination Polymers via a Mixed‐Ligand Synthetic Strategy and Their Use for Multichannel Imaging
Authors: Nador Fabiana , Wnuk Karolina , García‐Pardo Javier , Lorenzo Julia , Solorzano Rubén , Ruiz‐Molina Daniel , Novio Fernando 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTwo rationally designed strategies for covalent bonding of fluorescent dyes in coordination polymer nanoparticles aiming to achieve bifunctional fluorescent nanostructures have been developed. The first strategy was based on the synthesis of the coordination polymers structured as nanoparticles by coordination of CoII ions to two different catechol ligands containing free functional chemical groups (dopamine and 3,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde), and a bis(imidazole)‐based ligand (1,4‐bis(imidazole‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, bix). Subsequently, different dyes, namely fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), 1‐pyrenebutanoic acid hydrazide (PBH) or Alexa Fluor® 568 (A568), could be sequentially attached to the surface of the nanoparticles. The second strategy was focused on the prefunctionalization of catechol ligands with the corresponding dyes and, afterwards, the coordination with the metal ions in presence of bix. In vitro studies demonstrated the internalization of the bifunctional nanoparticles and the persistence of the fluorescent properties after cell uptake without dye leaching.
Real‐Time Reaction Monitoring of an Organic Multistep Reaction by Electrospray Ionization‐Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Authors: Zühlke Martin , Sass Stephan , Riebe Daniel , Beitz Toralf , Löhmannsröben Hans‐Gerd 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe capability of electrospray ionization (ESI)‐ion mobility (IM) spectrometry for reaction monitoring is assessed both as a stand‐alone real‐time technique and in combination with HPLC. A three‐step chemical reaction, consisting of a Williamson ether synthesis followed by a hydrogenation and an N‐alkylation step, is chosen for demonstration. Intermediates and products are determined with a drift time to mass‐per‐charge correlation. Addition of an HPLC column to the setup increases the separation power and allows the determination of further species. Monitoring of the intensities of the various species over the reaction time allows the detection of the end of reaction, determination of the rate‐limiting step, observation of the system response in discontinuous processes, and optimization of the mass ratios of the starting materials. However, charge competition in ESI influences the quantitative detection of substances in the reaction mixture. Therefore, two different methods are investigated, which allow the quantification and investigation of reaction kinetics. The first method is based on the pre‐separation of the compounds on an HPLC column and their subsequent individual detection in the ESI‐IM spectrometer. The second method involves an extended calibration procedure, which considers charge competition effects and facilitates nearly real‐time quantification.
Azospirillum brasilense: Laboratory Maintenance and Genetic Manipulation
Authors: Gullett Jessica , O'Neal Lindsey , Mukherjee Tanmoy , Alexandre Gladys 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBacteria of the genus Azospirillum, including the most comprehensively studied Azospirillum brasilense, are non‐pathogenic soil bacteria that promote the growth of diverse plants, making them an attractive model to understand non‐symbiotic, beneficial plant‐bacteria associations. Research into the physiology and genetics of these organisms spans decades and a range of molecular tools and protocols have been developed for allelic exchange mutagenesis, in trans expression of genes, and fusions to reporter genes. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Azospirillum brasilense, a Beneficial Soil Bacterium: Isolation and Cultivation
Authors: Alexandre Gladys 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBacteria of the genus Azospirillum comprise 15 species to date, with A. brasilense the best studied species in the genus. Azospirillum are soil bacteria able to promote the growth of plants from 113 species spanning 35 botanical families. These non‐pathogenic and beneficial bacteria are ubiquitous in soils and inhabit the roots of diverse plants. These bacteria are microaerophilic, able to fix nitrogen under free‐living conditions, motile, and able to navigate in gradients of various chemicals, including oxygen. These physiological traits are used to isolate these soil bacteria from soil and plant root samples, providing isolates that can be used for studying microbial physiology and plant growth promotion. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.