bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“He Gave Me the Words”: An Interview with Raoul Peck
Authors: Mirakhor Leah 
Published: October 2017

I Am Not Your Negro (2016) takes its direction from the notes for a book
entitled “Remember this House” that James Baldwin left unfinished, a book about his three
friends—Medgar Evers, Malcolm X, and Martin Luther King Jr.— their murders, and their
intertwining legacies. The film examines the prophetic shadow Baldwin’s work casts on
twentieth- and twenty-first-century American politics and culture. Peck compiles archival
material from Baldwin’s interviews on The Dick Cavett Show, his 1965 Cambridge lecture,
and a series of banal images indexing the American dream. Juxtaposed against this
mythology is footage of Dorothy Counts walking to school, the assassination of black
leaders and activists, KKK rallies, and the different formations of the contemporary
carceral state. Our conversation examines Peck’s role as a filmmaker and his relationship
with the Baldwin estate. Additionally, we discussed a series of aesthetic choices he
fought to include in the film’s final cut, directing Samuel L. Jackson as the voice for
the film, the similarities and shifts he wanted to document in American culture since the
1960s, and some of the criticism he has received for not emphasizing more Baldwin’s
sexuality.
“Esther Weren’t No Harlot”: Rape and Marriage in Go Tell It on the Mountain
Authors: Nenon Porter 
Published: October 2017

To consider how James Baldwin resisted racialized notions of sexuality in his
first novel, Go Tell It on the Mountain, I employ a number of black feminist
critics—including Saidiya Hartman, Patricia Williams, Hortense Spillers, and Patricia
Hill Collins—to analyze three under-studied minor characters: Deborah, Esther,
and Richard. Those three characters are best understood as figures of
heterosexual nonconformity who articulate sophisticated and important critiques of rape
and marriage in America at the turn of the twentieth century. Baldwin thus
wrote subversive theories of race and sexuality into the margins of the novel, making its
style inextricable from its politics. Baldwin’s use of marginal voices was a deft and
intentional artistic choice that was emancipatory for his characters and that remains
enduringly relevant to American sexual politics. In this particularly polarizing
transition from the Obama era to the Donald J. Trump presidency, I revisit Baldwin’s
ability to subtly translate political ideas across fault lines like race, nationality, and
sex.
Errant Kinship, Traveling Song: James Baldwin’s Just Above My Head
Authors: James Jenny M. 
Published: October 2017

This article considers James Baldwin’s last published novel, Just Above My Head (1979),
as the culmination of his exploration of kinship, reflecting on the ways distance and loss
characterize African-American familial relations. By analyzing Baldwin’s representation of
Hall Montana’s relationship to, and mourning of, his younger brother Arthur, this article
argues that JAMH revises the terms of the black family to imagine an alternative, errant
kinship that is adoptive, migratory, and sustained through songs of joy and grief. My
approach to the novel’s portrayal of kinship is indebted to Édouard Glissant’s Poetics of
Relation (1990), in which he defines “errantry” as a fundamental characteristic of
diaspora that resists the claustrophobic, filial violence and territorial dispossession
that are slavery’s legacies. Baldwin represents errant kinship in JAMH through his
inclusion of music and formal experimentation. Departing from previous scholarship
that reads JAMH as emblematic of the author’s artistic decline, I interpret the
novel’s numerous syntactic and figurative experiments as offering new formal insight into
his portrait of brotherly love. Baldwin’s integration of two distinctive leitmotifs, blood
and song, is therefore read as a formal gesture toward a more capacious and migratory
kinship.
Exploring perceptions of alcohol use in two Indian states: A qualitative study from Delhi and Haryana, India
Authors: Arora Monika , Tewari Abha , Bassi Shalini , Chauhan Kavita , Bhasin Shikha , Bakshi Ann-Sofie , Andréasson Sven 
Published: October 2017

Arora, M., Tewari, A., Bassi, S., Chauhan, K., Bhasin, S., Bakshi, A., & Andréasson, S. (2017). Exploring perceptions of alcohol use in two Indian states: A qualitative study from Delhi and Haryana, India. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 6(1), 1-6. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v6i1.238Aims: To explore perceptions and determinants influencing alcohol consumption, with a view to inform development of suitable policies to control alcohol consumption.Methodology: Focus group discussions (FGDs) (n=24) were conducted in two Indian states among the rural Haryana (n=8 FGDs; 58 participants) and urban Delhi (n=16 FGDs; 113 participants) populations. Purposive sampling was used to recruit the participants, who were from high and low socioeconomic status (SES) groups and in the age group of 18–58 years.Results: Different factors influence alcohol consumption in high and low SES groups. The age of initiation is now as low as 10–12 years, attributable to the recent trend of increased accessibility. The participants agreed that alcohol consumption has now become a more acceptable part of daily living, whereas earlier it was limited to special occasions and festivals. This has contributed to an increase in drinking. Drinking among women was earlier a taboo, but now women (mainly of high SES), are often seen drinking at social gatherings. The respondents mentioned weak enforcement of regulatory policies related to alcohol consumption and sales.Conclusions: A shift in attitudes was observed towards drinking. Drinking is increasingly seen as a part of daily life. The availability of alcohol is perceived to be increasing and restrictions on sale are not effectively enforced. There is an urgent need to re-evaluate the alcohol policy from a public health perspective in India.
Tectonic and Climatic Controls on the Spatial Distribution of Denudation Rates in Northern Chile (18°S to 23°S) Determined From Cosmogenic Nuclides
Authors: Starke J. , Ehlers T. A. , Schaller M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the arid region of northern Chile the environmental conditions are favorable for measuring tectonic and climatic influences on catchment denudation rates in the absence of vegetation. Previous studies of denudation rates from cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al concentrations are limited to single drainages. In this study, we examine catchment‐ to orogen‐scale spatial variation in denudation rates between 18 and 23°S in the Coastal and Western Cordilleras of northern Chile. 10Be and 26Al data were obtained from 33 catchments to examine the relative roles of tectonics and climate on catchment‐averaged denudation rates. At broader scales, we examine whether denudation rates and orogen topography reflect the 3‐D plate geometry of the region. Cosmogenic nuclide‐derived denudation rates range from 0.4 ± 0.5 to 20.6 ± 1.5 m/Myr in the Coastal Cordillera and from 1.4 ± 0.7 to 168.0 ± 19.8 m/Myr in the Western Cordillera. The controls on the denudation rates are evaluated using a statistical factor analysis of 10 selected catchment parameters. Denudation rates indicate a strong linear relationship with channel steepness indices but insignificant correlations and covariation with mean annual precipitation rates, drainage area, stream order, mean elevation, mean local relief, mean basin slope, and grain size of the sampled sediments. Moreover, denudation rates are better correlated with tectonic controls at catchment scale than orogen‐scale plate tectonics in the Western and Coastal Cordillera.
Near‐Channel Versus Watershed Controls on Sediment Rating Curves
Authors: Vaughan Angus A. , Belmont Patrick , Hawkins Charles P. , Wilcock Peter 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPredicting riverine suspended sediment flux is a fundamental problem in geomorphology, with important implications for water quality, land and water resource management, and aquatic ecosystem health. To advance understanding, we evaluated environmental and landscape factors that influence sediment rating curves (SRCs). We generated SRCs with recent total suspended solids (TSSs) and discharge data from 45 gages on 36 rivers throughout the state of Minnesota, USA. Watersheds range from 32 to 14,600 km2 and represent distinct settings regarding topography, land cover, and geologic history. Rivers exhibited three distinct SRC shapes: simple power functions, threshold power functions, and peaked or negative‐slope functions. We computed SRC exponents and coefficients (describing the steepness of the relation and the TSS concentration at median flows, respectively). In addition to quantifying watershed topography, climate/hydrology, geology, soil type, and land cover, we used lidar topography to characterize the near‐channel environment upstream of gages. We used random forest models to analyze relations between SRC parameters and attributes of the watershed and the near‐channel environment. The models correctly classify 78% of SRC shapes and explain 37%–60% of variance in SRC parameters. We find that SRC steepness (exponent) is strongly related to near‐channel morphological characteristics including near‐channel relief, channel gradient, and presence of lakes along the local channel network, but not to land use. In contrast, land use influences TSS concentrations at moderate and low flow. These findings suggest that the near‐channel environment controls changes in TSS as flows increase, whereas land use drives median and low flow TSS conditions.
Photon Pressure Force on Space Debris TOPEX/Poseidon Measured by Satellite Laser Ranging
Authors: Kucharski D. , Kirchner G. , Bennett J. C. , Lachut M. , Sośnica K. , Koshkin N. , Shakun L. , Koidl F. , Steindorfer M. , Wang P. , Fan C. , Han X. , Grunwaldt L. , Wilkinson M. , Rodríguez J. , Bianco G. , Vespe F. , Catalán M. , Salmins K. , del Pino J. R. , Lim H.‐C. , Park E. , Moore C. , Lejba P. , Suchodolski T. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe (TOPography EXperiment) TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) altimetry mission operated for 13 years before the satellite was decommissioned in January 2006, becoming a large space debris object at an altitude of 1,340 km. Since the end of the mission, the interaction of T/P with the space environment has driven the satellite's spin dynamics. Satellite laser ranging (SLR) measurements collected from June 2014 to October 2016 allow for the satellite spin axis orientation to be determined with an accuracy of 1.7°. The spin axis coincides with the platform yaw axis (formerly pointing in the nadir direction) about which the body rotates in a counterclockwise direction. The combined photometric and SLR data collected over the 11 year time span indicates that T/P has continuously gained rotational energy at an average rate of 2.87 J/d and spins with a period of 10.73 s as of 19 October 2016. The satellite attitude model shows a variation of the cross‐sectional area in the Sun direction between 8.2 m2 and 34 m2. The direct solar radiation pressure is the main factor responsible for the spin‐up of the body, and the exerted photon force varies from 65 μN to 228 μN around the mean value of 138.6 μN. Including realistic surface force modeling in orbit propagation algorithms will improve the prediction accuracy, giving better conjunction warnings for scenarios like the recent close approach reported by the ILRS Space Debris Study Group—an approximate 400 m flyby between T/P and Jason‐2 on 20 June 2017.
Active Flexural‐Slip Faulting: Controls Exerted by Stratigraphy, Geometry, and Fold Kinematics
Authors: Li Tao , Chen Jie , Thompson Jobe Jessica A. , Burbank Douglas W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFlexural slip plays an important role in accommodating fold growth, and its topographic expression, flexural‐slip fault (FSF) scarps, may be one of the most commonly occurring secondary structures in areas dominated by active thrusts and folds. Where FSF scarps are present and what factors control their occurrence, however, are typically poorly known. Through an investigation of clearly expressed FSF scarps, well‐preserved fluvial terraces, and well‐exposed bedrock at eight sites in the Pamir‐Tian Shan convergent zone and Kuche fold belt, NW China, we summarize the most favorable conditions for active flexural‐slip faulting. Our study yields six key results. First, flexural slip operates commonly in well‐layered beds, although uncommonly can occur in massive, poorly layered beds as well. Second, in well‐layered beds, the slip surface is commonly located either (a) close to the contact of competent and incompetent beds or (b) within thin incompetent beds. Third, FSF scarps are always found overlying steep beds with dips of ~30–100°. Fourth, slip surfaces are typically spaced between ~10 and 440 m but can reach up to ~600 m. Fifth, FSF scarps at most sites can be observed far away from the hinge‐migrated fold scarps, suggesting that compared to hinge migration, limb rotation is generally required to accumulate flexural slip and produce associated topographic scarps. Finally, a higher regional convergent rate seems to facilitate the creation of FSF scarps more often than lower rates, whereas well‐preserved, old terraces capped by thin deposits are more likely to record FSF scarps than unevenly preserved, young terraces with thick sedimentary caps.
Constraining the Magmatic System at Mount St. Helens (2004–2008) Using Bayesian Inversion With Physics‐Based Models Including Gas Escape and Crystallization
Authors: Wong Ying‐Qi , Segall Paul , Bradley Andrew , Anderson Kyle 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPhysics‐based models of volcanic eruptions track conduit processes as functions of depth and time. When used in inversions, these models permit integration of diverse geological and geophysical data sets to constrain important parameters of magmatic systems. We develop a 1‐D steady state conduit model for effusive eruptions including equilibrium crystallization and gas transport through the conduit and compare with the quasi‐steady dome growth phase of Mount St. Helens in 2005. Viscosity increase resulting from pressure‐dependent crystallization leads to a natural transition from viscous flow to frictional sliding on the conduit margin. Erupted mass flux depends strongly on wall rock and magma permeabilities due to their impact on magma density. Including both lateral and vertical gas transport reveals competing effects that produce nonmonotonic behavior in the mass flux when increasing magma permeability. Using this physics‐based model in a Bayesian inversion, we link data sets from Mount St. Helens such as extrusion flux and earthquake depths with petrological data to estimate unknown model parameters, including magma chamber pressure and water content, magma permeability constants, conduit radius, and friction along the conduit walls. Even with this relatively simple model and limited data, we obtain improved constraints on important model parameters. We find that the magma chamber had low (<5 wt %) total volatiles and that the magma permeability scale is well constrained at ∼10−11.4m2 to reproduce observed dome rock porosities. Compared with previous results, higher magma overpressure and lower wall friction are required to compensate for increased viscous resistance while keeping extrusion rate at the observed value.
Abnormally Strong Daily‐Cycle S1 Strain Tide: Observation and Physical Mechanism
Authors: Lu Zhou , Wen Lianxing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTidal signals are analyzed in the Plate Boundary Observatory borehole strainmeters in western North America. While the extracted diurnal strain tidal constituents (except daily‐cycle S1) respond to the tidal forces in similar proportion, the S1 strain tide exhibits an abnormally strong amplitude, reaching tens to hundreds times larger than theoretical prediction. The S1 strain tide exhibits phase lags and little amplitude correlations with the corresponding S1 barometric pressure tide, while no phase lags are observed at the other frequencies between these two observations. Several mechanisms are examined and are excluded for explaining the strong S1 strain tides, including integral effect of barometric pressure loading, viscoelastic response to barometric pressure, elastic loading of ocean water and hydrological water variation, and thermal leakage from the surface to the strainmeter instruments. The strong S1 strain tides can be attributed to the results of two physical mechanisms: (1) elastic loading of surface barometric pressure and (2) thermoelastic deformation induced by temporally and spatially varying surface temperature. The barometric pressure produces a component of elastic strain in phase with the pressure, while the surface temperature induces thermoelastic strain exhibiting comparable amplitude with the pressure‐induced component but with various phase lags. As a result, the superposition of these two S1 strain tides exhibits a phase difference with respect to the corresponding S1 tides of both barometric pressure and temperature and explains the large S1 strain tides observed in the strainmeter data. Our results indicate the importance of thermoelastic deformation being a near‐surface physical process.
Earthquake Nucleation on Faults With Heterogeneous Frictional Properties, Normal Stress
Authors: Ray Sohom , Viesca Robert C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe examine the development of an instability of fault slip rate. We consider a slip rate and state dependence of fault frictional strength, in which frictional properties and normal stress are functions of position. We pose the problem for a slip rate distribution that diverges quasi‐statically within finite time in a self‐similar fashion. Scenarios of property variations are considered and the corresponding self‐similar solutions found. We focus on variations of coefficients, a and b, respectively, controlling the magnitude of a direct effect on strength due to instantaneous changes in slip rate and of strength evolution due to changes in a state variable. These results readily extend to variations in fault‐normal stress, σ, or the characteristic slip distance for state evolution, Dc. We find that heterogeneous properties lead to a finite number of self‐similar solutions, located about critical points of the distributions: maxima, minima, and between them. We examine the stability of these solutions and find that only a subset is asymptotically stable, occurring at just one of the critical point types. Such stability implies that during instability development, slip rate and state evolution can be attracted to develop in the manner of the self‐similar solution, which is also confirmed by solutions to initial value problems for slip rate and state. A quasi‐static slip rate divergence is ultimately limited by inertia, leading to the nucleation of an outward expanding dynamic rupture: asymptotic stability of self‐similar solutions then implies preferential sites for earthquake nucleation, which are determined by distribution of frictional properties.
Multisource Data‐Based Integrated Agricultural Drought Monitoring in the Huai River Basin, China
Authors: Sun Peng , Zhang Qiang , Wen Qingzhi , Singh Vijay P. , Shi Peijun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDrought monitoring is critical for early warning of drought hazard. This study attempted to develop an integrated remote sensing drought monitoring index (IRSDI), based on meteorological data for 2003–2013 from 40 meteorological stations and soil moisture data from 16 observatory stations, as well as Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data using a linear trend detection method, and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index. The objective was to investigate drought conditions across the Huai River basin in both space and time. Results indicate that (1) the proposed IRSDI monitors and describes drought conditions across the Huai River basin reasonably well in both space and time; (2) frequency of drought and severe drought are observed during April–May and July–September. The northeastern and eastern parts of Huai River basin are dominated by frequent droughts and intensified drought events. These regions are dominated by dry croplands, grasslands, and highly dense population and are hence more sensitive to drought hazards; (3) intensified droughts are detected during almost all months except January, August, October, and December. Besides, significant intensification of droughts is discerned mainly in eastern and western Huai River basin. The duration and regions dominated by intensified drought events would be a challenge for water resources management in view of agricultural and other activities in these regions in a changing climate.
A Revised Subduction Inception Model to Explain the Late Cretaceous, Double‐Vergent Orogen in the Precollisional Western Tethys: Evidence From the Northern Apennines
Authors: Marroni Michele , Meneghini Francesca , Pandolfi Luca 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Meso‐Cenozoic alpine belts of the Mediterranean area are characterized by complex architectures, result of a complex subduction and collision evolution that preserve also a legacy of the rifting‐related configuration of the continental margins. The Northern Apennines is a segment of these belts originated during closure of the Ligure‐Piemontese ocean and collision between the Europe and Adria plates. The different configuration of the Adria and Europe margins, inherited from asymmetric rifting, is recorded in the Ligurian Units that preserve incorporation into the subduction factory of fragments of the oceanic domain (Internal Ligurian Units) and portions of the Ocean‐Continent Transition Zone (OCTZ) toward Adria (External Ligurian Units). We provide here unpublished data on the stratigraphy and sedimentology of these units, together with a review of what is already established in literature. Both data sets combined testify that at 80 Ma, an accretionary prism was growing between the deposition basins of the two groups of units and fed both basins with clasts from the ocean realm, the continental crust, and the subcontinental mantle. We propose that closure of the Ligure‐Piemontese ocean occurred through subduction that nucleated at the transition from the oceanic plate and the thinned Adria margin and developed a double‐vergent prism by accreting oceanic material and continental extensional allochthons from the OCTZ. We believe the revised site of subduction initiation, and the precollisional architecture, inherited from the rifting and spreading phases, allows reconciling most of the discrepancies between the various interpretations proposed in literature for the precollisional evolution of the Apennines.
Electrically Driven Reversible Phase Changes in Layered In2Se3 Crystalline Film
Authors: Choi Min Sup , Cheong Byung‐ki , Ra Chang Ho , Lee Suyoun , Bae Jee‐Hwan , Lee Sungwoo , Lee Gun‐Do , Yang Cheol‐Woong , Hone James , Yoo Won Jong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn unconventional phase‐change memory (PCM) made of In2Se3, which utilizes reversible phase changes between a low‐resistance crystalline β phase and a high‐resistance crystalline γ phase is reported for the first time. Using a PCM with a layered crystalline film exfoliated from In2Se3 crystals on a graphene bottom electrode, it is shown that SET/RESET programmed states form via the formation/annihilation of periodic van der Waals' (vdW) gaps (i.e., virtual vacancy layers) in the stack of atomic layers and the concurrent reconfiguration of In and Se atoms across the layers. From density functional theory calculations, β and γ phases, characterized by octahedral bonding with vdW gaps and tetrahedral bonding without vdW gaps, respectively, are shown to have energy bandgap value of 0.78 and 1.86 eV, consistent with a metal‐to‐insulator transition accompanying the β‐to‐γ phase change. The monolithic In2Se3 layered film reported here provides a novel means to achieving a PCM based on melting‐free, low‐entropy phase changes in contrast with the GeTe–Sb2Te3 superlattice film adopted in interfacial phase‐change memory.