НАРОДНЫЕ ПОСЛОВИЦЫ, ПОГОВОРКИ И НЕКОТОРЫЕ ДРУГИЕ ЖАНРЫ ФОЛЬКЛОРА... В ДРАМАТУРГИИ И. С. ТУРГЕНЕВА
Authors: Джанумов С.А. 
Published: October 2024

Цель статьи выявление роли и значения народных пословиц и поговорок, а также некоторых других жанров русского фольклора (песен, быличек) в драматургии И. С. Тургенева, т. е. там, где ранее эта проблема не привлекала внимания исследователей. Из всего проанализированного материала можно сделать вывод, что пословицы и поговорки (реже песни и былички) являются элементами стиля драматургии Тургенева. Принципы использования фольклора в различных пьесах Тургенева не одинаковы. Иногда пословицы и поговорки привлекаются для характеристики ситуации, воссоздания местного колорита, для раскрытия личности и психологии того или иного персонажа, особенностей его речи. Порой автор пьес стремится расцветить реплики персонажей, обильно используя малые жанры фольклора, а иногда народные песни и былички. В некоторых комедиях пословицы и поговорки оттеняют и усиливают основную мысль произведения, естественно и ненавязчиво вплетаются в речь персонажей
The purpose of the article is to reveal the role and signi cance of folk proverbs and sayings, as well as of some other genres of Russian folklore (songs, memorates) in I. S. Turgenevs dramaturgy, that is, where earlier this problem did not attract the attention of researchers. Quite a lot of proverbs and sayings in one of Turgenevs most famous plays a comedy in ve acts A Month in the Village (1850), where action takes place in a noble manor. And although in the center of the dramatic con ict of the play is a commoner, a student Belyaev (it is worth mentioning that this play was originally called Student), but there are no proverbs and sayings in any of his cues. But other characters in the play quite often use them in their speech. It is, rst of all, Rakitin, who loves his friends wife, Natalya Petrovna, a wife of a wealthy landlord Islaev. In every action of comedy A Month in the country in the cues of certain characters the author aptly uses folk proverbs and sayings. And not only proverbs and sayings, but also folk songs. Summing up the works reviewed in our article, we can conclude that proverbs and sayings (less often songs and memorates) are elements of Turgenevs dramatic style. The principles of using folklore in various Turgenevs plays are not the same. Sometimes proverbs and sayings are used to describe the situation, recreate the local colour, to reveal the personality and psychology of a particular character, especially the characteristics of his (her) speech. Sometimes the author of the plays tends to embellish the replicas of the characters, using abundantly the small genres of folklore, and sometimes folk songs and memorates. In some comedies proverbs and sayings emphasize and reinforce the basic idea of the work, are naturally and unobtrusively intertwined in the speech of the characters. In his dramaturgy Turgenev transforms in his own way, and sometimes reinterprets traditional folklore images and motifs, often paraphrases folk proverbs and sayings in accordance with the ideological conception of the work and its poetics. From the treasury of the peoples speech Turgenev chooses words and expressions, phraseological phrases rich in semantic nuances, folklore comparisons that give the characters cues a special mettle, brilliance and expressiveness. The creative development and use of di erent genres of Russian folklore in Turgenevs plays testi es to the excellent knowledge of the traditions of oral folklore by the author, and, possibly, the folklore collections of his and the previous time, which was even more evident in the Notes of the Hunter.