bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should surgeons control fluoroscopy during urology procedures?
Authors: Setterfield Jeremy , Watterson James , Playfair Mathew , Lavallée Luke T. , Roberts Matthew , Blew Brian , Oake J. Stuart 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Our study explored the impact of switching from surgeon- to radiation technologist (RT)-controlled fluoroscopy on fluoroscopy and operative times. We also identified factors impacting fluoroscopy and operative times for ureteroscopy (URS) with laser lithotripsy.Methods: Patients undergoing urological procedures requiring fluoroscopy six months before and after the change from surgeonto RT-controlled fluoroscopy were identified. Median fluoroscopy and operative times were compared between cohorts. Subgroup analyses were performed based on procedure performed. A multivariate analysis identified factors associated with increased fluoroscopy and operative times for URS with laser lithotripsy.Results: Overall, no difference was found between surgeon and RT cohorts for fluoroscopy (58.0 vs. 56.7 seconds; p=0.34) or operative times (39 vs. 36 minutes; p=0.14). For URS with laserlithotripsy, fluoroscopy and operative times were longer in the surgeon-controlled cohort (76.0 vs. 54.0 seconds; p<0.01 and 48 vs. 40 minutes; p<0.01, respectively). For URS only, fluoroscopy time was decreased in the surgeon-controlled cohort (47.0 vs. 73.0 seconds; p=0.01). For URS with laser lithotripsy, factors independently associated with increased fluoroscopy time were male sex, flexible URS, glidewire use, and difficult ureteric stent insertion (p<0.05). Flexible ureteroscopy, glidewire use, previous ureteric stent placement, and difficult ureteric stent insertion were independently associated with increased operative time (p<0.05).Conclusions: Fluoroscopy and operative times are not significantly influenced by who controls fluoroscopy during urologic procedures. Patients undergoing URS with laser lithotripsy have decreasedfluoroscopy and operative times with RT-controlled fluoroscopy. Patients undergoing URS only have decreased fluoroscopy times with surgeon-controlled fluoroscopy.
De rol van sociale media bij rampen en (mini)crises
Authors: van Duin Menno , Wijkhuijs Vina , Eberg Jan 
Published: January 2017

The influence of social media during crises
Professionals dealing with crises are more or less forced to a next level of crisis communication and crisis management. This is because of the influence of social media. Messages on Twitter, Facebook and other social media can have a significant impact on the course of developments during a crisis. Sometimes in a positive way, when help is mobilized quickly and people can be informed almost instantly. On other occasions the impact is more negative, when for instance rumors lead to false accusations or threats. In the past several years, crisis management authorities have built up more experience with the use and application of social media and monitoring tools. There are still cases where officials and professionals are taken by surprise because of the shift stream of messages and their impact on public opinion and crisis control. But also lessons have been learned, e.g. in terms of online and offline reactions, cooperation with the public, and rumor control.This article gives an overview of research results in literature and summarizes the outcomes of a case study research project.
Analysis of Means (ANOM) as a Tool for Comparison of Sample Treatment Methods: Testing Various Mineralization Procedures for Selenium Determination in Biological Materials
Authors: Prokeš Lubomir , Hegrová Jitka , Kanický Viktor 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Several mineralization methods for the determination of selenium using hydride generation optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma in biological samples (whole egg powder and pork liver) were compared using the analysis of means (ANOM) method. This statistical tool is suitable for graphical representation of testing on simple comparative experiments. The results yielded by ANOM are identical with those obtained with the commonly used analysis of variance (ANOVA) method; however, the graphical output of ANOM is more illustrative in comparison to ANOVA. Both methods indicated a significant discrepancy between theresults obtained using muffle furnace ashing mineralization and the results provided by other mineralization methods. This is probably dueto the loss of volatile selenium compounds during the decomposition of organic matter.
Photomechanical modification of ZnS microcrystal to enhance electroluminescence by ultrashort-pulse laser processing
Authors: Nabesaka Kyohei , Ishikawa Yasuaki , Hosokawa Yoichiroh , Uraoka Yukiharu 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A ZnS microcrystal was treated with an ultrashort-pulse laser and applied to an inorganic electroluminescence (EL) phosphor. We found that the emission intensity of the EL phosphor was increased by laser-induced photomechanical modification. The pulse duration dependence of the emission enhancement and structural analysis by scanning electron microscopy indicated that the structural modification was induced inside the ZnS microcrystal, although a mechanical grinding would induce the structural modification mainly on the crystal surface. The results suggested a new way of enhancing the emission of inorganic EL devices.
High-resolution mirror temperature mapping in GaN-based diode lasers by thermoreflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Pierścińska Dorota , Marona Łucja , Pierściński Kamil , Wiśniewski Przemysław , Perlin Piotr , Bugajski Maciej 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In this paper accurate measurements of temperature distribution on the facet of GaN-based diode lasers are presented as well as development of the instrumentation for high-resolution thermal imaging based on thermoreflectance. It is shown that thermoreflectance can be successfully applied to provide information on heat dissipation in these devices. We demonstrate the quantitative measurements of the temperature profiles and high-resolution temperature maps on the front facet of nitride lasers and prove that thermoreflectance spectroscopy can be considered as the accurate and fast nondestructive tool for investigation of thermally induced degradation modes of GaN lasers.
A sub-0.5 V operating RF low noise amplifier using tunneling-FET
Authors: Jhon Hee-Sauk , Jeon Jongwook , Kang Myunggon , Choi Woo Young 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
60 nm tunneling FET (TFET) based low noise amplifier (LNA) with a sub-0.5 V supply voltage for 2.4 GHz WSN application has been evaluated systematically from device level up to circuit level design. With the help of TFET’s unique property of high subthreshold swing, it shows that substantial increase of gain performance was confirmed compared to that of conventional LNA using 60 nm bulk MOSFET at ultra-low voltage (ULV) condition. From the simulation study, TFET LNA at 0.4 V operating voltage has the gain of 15.1 dB and noise figure 50 of 3.5 dB while dissipating DC power consumption of 0.41 mW.
Electronic structure of worm-eaten graphene
Authors: Negishi Hayato , Takeda Kyozaburo 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We theoretically study the electronic structure of graphenes having several kinds of imperfections such as atomic vacancies and heteroatom replacements. We consider 12 different configurations of vacancies and 39 different geometries of heteroatom replacements in order to approximately take into account the random conformations of imperfections. To systematically provide a perspective understanding of the defect π and σ states caused by atomistic voids and/or vacancies and heteroatom replacements, we have carried out a tight-binding (TB) calculation. We study the orbital hybridization to clarify the origin and formation of π and σ defect states arising from such imperfections. We also discuss the electronic structure around the Fermi level through the TB band calculation.
The Different Types of Ethnic Affiliation in M. G. Vassanji's No New Land
Authors: Ali Abbas Hussein , Mani Manimangai , Roselezam Wan Yahya Wan , Kaur Jujar Singh Hardev 
Published: January 2017

Establishing a sense of affiliation to ethnicity is one of the most controversial issues for people who are displaced in countries that are far away from their motherland. The colonisation of the British over Asia and Africa in the nineteenth century resulted in the mass movement of Indian workers from India to Africa. These workers were brought in to build railways that connected the British colonies in East Africa namely Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. While the arrival of the Indian workers is considered as a kind of colonial practice, but their deportation in the post-independence years is seen as a part of decolonization. These Indians were forced to leave Africa as they were blamed for being non supportive of the Africans who were then engaged in armed struggles against the British colonialists. This study is based on the lives of these deported Indians as depicted in the novel titled No New Land by M.G. Vassanji. M.G. Vassanji is a Canadian novelist whose family was also deported from Dar Esslaam, Tanzania. He also describes how the Indian Shamses were strict in affiliating with the different social and cultural background they found in their new home, Canada. This research examines the theme of affiliation and the experiences of these migrants. This study will show that South Asians in Canada are strict in their affiliation to their ethnic values. Secondly, it will expose the three types of affiliation and finally show how the author deals with affiliation as a part of the community’s ethnic record that must be documented.
Mechanisms responsible for high N2O emissions from subarctic permafrost peatlands studied via stable isotope techniques
Authors: Gil J. , Pérez T. , Boering K. , Martikainen P. J. , Biasi C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRecent field studies have shown that there are habitats in the subarctic tundra emitting N2O at exceptionally high rates. In this study, stable isotope techniques were applied to characterize the processes responsible for these high N2O emissions which have been found from bare peat surfaces in permafrost peatlands. The results include the first data on the nitrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of N2O emitted from arctic tundra. The emission‐weighted average δ15Nbulk value for N2O of −13.0‰ ± 2.0‰ (mean ± SD; n = 8) from the bare peat surfaces falls within the range of the emission‐weighted average values from other natural ecosystems but is distinct from those for managed/agricultural ecosystems. This implies that if in the future, a smaller rate in the overall decreasing trend of δ15Nbulk N2O tropospheric isotopic composition is found, it cannot be attributed only to agricultural N2O emission reductions from mitigation actions but also to soils in natural ecosystems that may be emitting more N2O to the atmosphere due to warmer conditions. The site preference (SP) values from emitted N2O range from −30‰ to 58‰, indicating a temporal shift of microbial production and consumption of N2O during the sampling period. Soil emission SP data suggest that the N2O emission in subarctic tundra are more likely to be produced by nitrifier denitrification in the drier study year, but due to variable published SP values for N2O production processes in soils, this interpretation has to be taken with caution. According to SP values at depth, denitrification was the main N2O production pathway. To better address the usefulness of SP in partitioning microbial mechanisms in soils, further studies in soils mesocosms are required.
Organic matter remineralization in marine sediments: A Pan‐Arctic synthesis
Authors: Bourgeois Solveig , Archambault Philippe , Witte Ursula 
Published: January 2017

AbstractClimate change in the Arctic is ongoing and causes drastic modification on the ecosystem functioning. In soft‐bottom environments, organic matter remineralization is considered an important ecosystem function. Here we provide a large‐scale assessment of the current knowledge on the benthic organic matter remineralization and its potential response to climate change. Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) values (n = 1154), measured throughout the Arctic, were gathered from 30 publications and 16 databases, and nutrient flux values, available in a far lesser extent (n < 80), were also compiled. Generalized additive models were used to estimate the influence of explanatory variables on benthic oxygen fluxes and for interpolating SOD to the whole Arctic region. This first Pan‐Arctic review of the distributions of SOD showed that oxygen fluxes strongly depended on water depth, i.e., followed the general trend observed for other regions, and also on the availability of labile organic matter. The continental shelves (representing ~50% of Arctic Ocean's total area) were characterized by the highest SOD values (10.5 ± 7.9 mmol O2 m−2 d−1), and differences among shelves were observed; SOD values in inflow, interior, and outflow shelves were 11.8 ± 8.0, 6.2 ± 5.6, and 3.9 ± 3.5 mmol O2 m−2 d−1, respectively. Moreover, seasonal variation in SOD changed significantly among areas. The interpolation based on the best fitted model showed high respiration in the inflow and interior shelves. In the inflow shelves, characterized by productive waters, benthic activities replenish bottom water with nutrients which may augment primary productivity, whereas sediments from the interior shelves, e.g., under the direct influence of the Mackenzie River, consume nutrients.
Influence of biological carbon export on ocean carbon uptake over the annual cycle across the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Palevsky Hilary I. , Quay Paul D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe evaluate the influences of biological carbon export, physical circulation, and temperature‐driven solubility changes on air‐sea CO2 flux across the North Pacific basin (35°N–50°N, 142°E–125°W) throughout the full annual cycle by constructing mixed layer budgets for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and pCO2, determined on 15 container ship transects between Hong Kong and Long Beach, CA, from 2008 to 2012. Annual air‐sea CO2 flux is greatest in the western North Pacific and decreases eastward across the basin (2.7 ± 0.9 mol C m−2 yr−1 west of 170°E, as compared to 2.1 ± 0.3 mol C m−2 yr−1 east of 160°W). East of 160°W, DIC removal by annual net community production (NCP) more than fully offsets the DIC increase due to air‐sea CO2 flux. However, in the region west of 170°E influenced by deep winter mixing, annual NCP only offsets ~20% of the DIC increase due to air‐sea CO2 flux, requiring significant DIC removal by geostrophic advection. Temperature‐driven solubility changes have no net influence on pCO2 and account for <25% of annual CO2 uptake. The seasonal timing of NCP strongly affects its influence on air‐sea CO2 flux. Biological carbon export from the mixed layer has a stronger influence on pCO2 in summer when mixed layers are shallow, but changes in pCO2 have a stronger influence on air‐sea CO2 flux in winter when high wind speeds drive more vigorous gas exchange. Thus, it is necessary to determine the seasonal timing as well as the annual magnitude of NCP to determine its influence on ocean carbon uptake.
Attribution of the local Hadley cell widening in the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Kim Yeon‐Hee , Min Seung‐Ki , Son Seok‐Woo , Choi Jung 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study conducts an attribution analysis of long‐term changes in the southern edge of the local Hadley cell (HC) during austral summer for the past three decades (1979–2009). The southern edges of the local overturning circulations (local HC) are defined as the latitudes of maximum sea level pressure in the Southern Hemisphere subtropics, and the long‐term variations of local HC edges from multireanalyses are compared with those from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) multimodel simulations by using the optimal fingerprinting technique. The observed local HC exhibits a poleward expansion in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions, which is successfully reproduced by the CMIP5 models including anthropogenic forcing (ANT) but with a weaker amplitude. The detection analyses further show that ANT signals are detected robustly in both Atlantic and Indian HC trends. More importantly, anthropogenic forcings other than greenhouse gas forcing are found to be clearly detected in isolation, indicating a possible attribution of the observed local HC widening over these regions to stratospheric ozone depletion.
Trehalose‐based hydrogel potentially useful for the skin burn treatment
Authors: Cassano Roberta , Trombino Sonia 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this work is the preparation of trehalose hydrogel for dermatological applications, particularly, for skin burn treatment. Trehalose is a disaccharide compound containing hydroxyl groups in its structure susceptible to derivatization. The obtained hydrogel was loaded once with hyaluronic acid, a fundamental component of connective tissue, and again with silver nitrate, an ingredient with antibacterial properties. The trehalose hydrogel was characterized by FTIR spectrometry and 1H‐NMR. The hydrogel swelling characteristics and release studies of entrapped hyaluronic acid or silver nitrate were evaluated at two pH values: pH 4.5 mimicking physiological conditions and pH 6.5 simulating the burned skin condition. The antioxidant activity of not loaded hydrogel in inhibiting the lipid peroxidation was performed in rat‐liver microsomal membranes, induced in vitro by tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (tert‐BOOH). The results confirm the possibility that the trehalose hydrogel can find use in the treatment of various skin lesions, particularly in burn therapy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44755.
Improved interfacial adhesion in carbon fiber/epoxy composites through a waterborne epoxy resin sizing agent
Authors: Yuan Xiaomin , Zhu Bo , Cai Xun , Liu Jianjun , Qiao Kun , Yu Junwei 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA series of self‐emulsified waterborne epoxy resin (WEP) emulsions were used as surface sizing for carbon fibers (CFs) to improve the interfacial adhesion between the CF and epoxy matrix. In this work, the hydrogenated bisphenol‐A epoxy resin (HBPAE) was modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG) with molecular weights of 400, 800, 1000, 1500, 2000, 4000, and 6000 g/mol. The properties of the WEP emulsion were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. The surface characteristics of sized CFs were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Afterwards, CF/EP composites were prepared and their fracture surface and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) were examined. The results indicated that PEG2000 modified HBPAE sizing had the optimum emulsion stability and film‐forming ability. Meanwhile, the results also demonstrated that a continuous and uniform sizing layer was formed on the surface of CFs and the surface sizing was excellent in improving the chemical activity of CFs. Compared with unsized CFs, the O1s/C1s composition ratio was observed to increase from 11.51% to 33.17% and the ILSS of CF/EP composites increased from 81.2 to 89.7 MPa, exhibiting better mechanical property than that of commercial Takemoto S64 sized CFs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44757.
Hard wood‐composites made of rice straw and recycled polystyrene foam wastes
Authors: Tawfik Magda Emil , Eskander S. B. , Nawwar G. AM. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe submitted work discussed the possibility of using two of the most problematic wastes to formulate an added‐value hard wood‐composite (HWC). The lignocellulosic rice straws (RS) fibers (as reinforced filler) and recycled expanded polystyrene foam (PS) wastes (as dispersed polymer matrix), were used to formulated the hard wood product applying the hot press technique. The air dried RS was added to the molten PS at increasing ratios (30–70% mass:mass), and the reached HWC sheet was subjected to tensile strength, water absorption and acoustic resistance characterizations. Based on the experimental data, it was found that increasing the RS contents accompanied with a diminish in the tensile strength value by about 50% at 70% RS compare to that at 30% RS. To improve the adhesion between the hydrophilic filler RS and the hydrophobic PS matrix, maleated PS graft (PS‐g‐MA) was prepared and added at the expanse of the PS content, to formulate an additional wood‐composite (HWCg) aiming to have better mechanical and dimensional stability features. Results obtained indicated that increasing the coupling agent content, keeping the RS added constant, enhance the tensile strength feature in addition, reduced the water absorption for the final products by more than 45%. The data obtained suggested that, it can create added‐value hard wood composites entirely from the two nominated problematic wastes. In addition to the value gained by the environment, the reached hard wood products record acceptable mechanical characterization, dimensional stability and sound resistance properties that qualified it to replace the natural wood in many daily applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44770.
Fluorescence‐based logic gate for sensing of Ca2+ and F− ions using PVP crowned chrysene nanoparticles in aqueous medium
Authors: Mahajan Prasad G. , Kolekar G.B. , Patil Shivajirao R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPolyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) crowned chrysene nanoparticles (CHYNPs) were prepared by using a reprecipitation method. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies indicate that the monodispersed spherical nanoparticles bear a negative charge on their surfaces. The bathochromic spectral shift in the UV–visible and fluorescence spectrum of CHYNPs from chrysene (CHY) in acetone solution supports the J‐ type aggregation of nanoparticles. The aggregation‐induced enhanced emission of CHYNPs at 486 and 522 nm decreases by increasing the concentration of the Ca2+ ion solution. It can display an ON–OFF type fluorescence response with high selectivity towards Ca2+ ions aqueous medium. Furthermore, the in situ generated PVP–CHYNPs–Ca2+ ensemble could recover the quenched fluorescence upon the addition of fluoride anions resulting in an OFF–ON type sensor. The present method has a correlation coefficient R2 = 0.988 with a detection limit of 1.22 μg/mL for Ca2+ in the aqueous medium. The fluorescence changes of PVP crowned CHYNPs upon the addition of Ca2+ and F− can be utilized as an INHIBIT logic gate at the molecular level, using Ca2+ and F− chemical inputs and the fluorescence intensity signal as output.