bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infants' emotional expression: Differences in the expression of pleasure and discomfort between infants from Chile and the United States
Authors: Muzard Antonia , Kwon Alicia Yunjin , Espinosa Nancy , Vallotton Claire DeAnne , Farkas Chamarrita 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNonverbal cues have been fundamental to the survival of our species, and they remain a critical aspect of communication. Starting at the moment of birth, children's facial expressions and body gestures reflecting pleasure and discomfort elicit different responses from caregivers, which can shape the trajectory of child development. Although early expressions of emotion are universal, socialization of the intensity of expressions begins in infancy and may be influenced by the place the child is born, family characteristics, and other factors. The aim of this study is to describe the differences in the intensity of emotional expression between Chilean and U.S. infants at approximately 1 year of age. Infants' emotional expressions of pleasure and discomfort are described in terms of total intensity and specific facial and corporal intensities. The expressions were assessed by videotaping and coding the children's behaviours during a sequence of pleasurable and displeasing activities. The analyses revealed that the U.S. children expressed pleasure and discomfort with greater intensity compared with the Chilean children, specifically through corporal expressions.Highlights

This study explores differences in the intensity of emotional expression of Chilean and U.S. infants around 1 year of age.
Assessment involved a sequence of videotaped tasks and showed U.S. infants expressed pleasure and discomfort with higher intensity than Chilean infants.
Differences between both samples at 1 year reveal the possibility that cultural emotion socialization shapes emotional expressions very early in development.
Altered expression of the Olr59, Ethe1, and Slc10a2 genes in the liver of F344 rats by neonatal thyroid hormone disruption
Authors: Matsubara Kana , Nakamura Naoki , Sanoh Seigo , Ohta Shigeru , Kitamura Shigeyuki , Uramaru Naoto , Miyagawa Shinichi , Iguchi Taisen , Fujimoto Nariaki 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMany concerns have been expressed regarding the possible adverse effects of thyroid hormone‐disrupting chemicals in the environment. The disruption of thyroid hormones in the neonatal period may lead to permanent effects on thyroid hormone homeostasis as well as related developmental disorders, as thyroid hormones are essential for regulating the growth and differentiation of many tissues. To understand the long‐term alteration in gene expressions by neonatal administration of thyroid hormone‐like chemicals in general, we identified genes whose expression was altered in the liver, an important component of the thyroid hormone axis, by neonatal exposure to triiodothyronine (T3). T3 was administered to male F344 rats on postnatal days 1, 3, and 5 (week 0). At 8 weeks of age, cDNA microarray analysis was used to identify hepatic genes whose expression was altered by neonatal exposure to T3. Among the up‐regulated genes that were identified, the expression of Olr59, Ethe1, and Slc10a2 increased specifically in rats neonatally exposed to T3. Interestingly, altered hepatic expression of these genes indeed increased when a hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), OH‐BDE42, which is capable of binding to the TR, was given neonatally. Our data demonstrated that neonatal exposure to thyroid hormones could affect the long‐term expression of the genes, which could be useful markers for neonatal effects by thyroid hormone‐disrupting chemicals. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) With Incident Clinical and Radiographic Vertebral Fractures Adjusted for Lumbar Spine BMD in Older Men: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Schousboe John T , Vo Tien N , Langsetmo Lisa , Taylor Brent C , Cawthon Peggy M , Schwartz Ann V , Bauer Douglas C , Orwoll Eric S , Lane Nancy E , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Ensrud Kristine E ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Research Group
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

The association of trabecular bone score (TBS) with incident clinical and radiographic vertebral fractures in older men is uncertain. TBS was estimated from baseline spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans for 5831 older men (mean age 73.7 years) enrolled in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the association of TBS (per 1 SD decrease) with incident clinical vertebral fractures. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between TBS (per 1 SD decrease) and incident radiographic vertebral fracture among the subset of 4309 men with baseline and follow-up lateral spine radiographs (mean 4.6 years later). We also examined whether any associations varied by body mass index (BMI) category. TBS was associated with a 1.41-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23 to 1.63) higher aged-adjusted odds of incident radiographic fracture, and this relationship did not vary by BMI (p value = 0.22 for interaction term). This association was no longer significant with further adjustment for lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD; odds ratio [OR] = 1.11, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.30). In contrast, the age-adjusted association of TBS with incident clinical vertebral fracture was stronger in men with lower BMI (≤ median value of 26.8 kg/m2; hazard ratio [HR] = 2.28, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.87) than in men with higher BMI (&gt; median; HR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.94; p value = 0.0002 for interaction term). With further adjustment for lumbar spine BMD, the association of TBS with incident clinical vertebral fracture was substantially attenuated in both groups (HR = 1.30 [95% CI 0.99 to 1.72] among men with lower BMI and 1.11 [95% CI 0.87 to 1.41] among men with higher BMI). In conclusion, TBS is not associated with incident clinical or radiographic vertebral fracture after consideration of age and lumbar spine BMD, with the possible exception of incident clinical vertebral fracture among men with lower BMI. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Skeletal Colonization by Breast Cancer Cells Is Stimulated by an Osteoblast and β2AR-Dependent Neo-Angiogenic Switch
Authors: Mulcrone Patrick L , Campbell J Preston , Clément-Demange Lise , Anbinder Ana Lia , Merkel Alyssa R , Brekken Rolf A , Sterling Julie A , Elefteriou Florent 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

The skeleton is a common site for breast cancer metastasis. Although significant progress has been made to manage osteolytic bone lesions, the mechanisms driving the early steps of the bone metastatic process are still not sufficiently understood to design efficacious strategies needed to inhibit this process and offer preventative therapeutic options. Progression and recurrence of breast cancer, as well as reduced survival of patients with breast cancer, are associated with chronic stress, a condition known to stimulate sympathetic nerve outflow. In this study, we show that stimulation of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) by isoproterenol, used as a pharmacological surrogate of sympathetic nerve activation, led to increased blood vessel density and Vegf-a expression in bone. It also raised levels of secreted Vegf-a in osteoblast cultures, and accordingly, the conditioned media from isoproterenol-treated osteoblast cultures promoted new vessel formation in two ex vivo models of angiogenesis. Blocking the interaction between Vegf-a and its receptor, Vegfr2, blunted the increase in vessel density induced by isoproterenol. Genetic loss of the β2AR globally, or specifically in type 1 collagen-expressing osteoblasts, diminished the increase in Vegf-positive osteoblast number and bone vessel density induced by isoproterenol, and reduced the higher incidence of bone metastatic lesions induced by isoproterenol after intracardiac injection of an osteotropic variant of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Inhibition of the interaction between Vegf-a and Vegfr2 with the blocking antibody mcr84 also prevented the increase in bone vascular density and bone metastasis triggered by isoproterenol. Together, these results indicate that stimulation of the β2AR in osteoblasts triggers a Vegf-dependent neo-angiogenic switch that promotes bone vascular density and the colonization of the bone microenvironment by metastatic breast cancer cells. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
HX‐1171, a Novel Nrf2 Activator, Induces NQO1 and HMOX1 Expression
Authors: Kim Jimin , Shin Su‐Hyun , Ko Young‐Eun , Miki Tokutaro , Bae Heung‐Mo , Kang Jong‐Koo , Kim Jae Wha 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTHX‐1171 (1‐O‐hexyl‐2,3,5‐trimethylhydroquinone) is a novel synthesized vitamin E derivative, which reportedly has positive effects on various diseases and conditions, such as liver fibrosis, hepatic cirrhosis, and cancer. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptional activity induced by HX‐1171. Results from reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and promoter assays reveal that HX‐1171 increased the expression of NQO1 and HMOX1, encoding antioxidant‐related enzymes, in A549 human lung epithelial cells. The activity of nuclear factor‐E2‐related factor (Nrf2), a key transcriptional factor for antioxidative enzymes, was examined in HX‐1171‐treated cells. Confocal microscopy and Western blotting showed that HX‐1171 effectively induced the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of Nrf2. We conclude that HX‐1171, a novel Nrf2 activator, may be a promising therapeutic agent for oxidative stress‐induced diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3372–3380, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dihydroxyacetone production by Gluconobacter frateurii in a minimum medium using fed‐batch fermentation
Authors: Poljungreed Issara , Boonyarattanakalin Siwarutt 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlycerol, a major by‐product of biodiesel production, is used as a sole carbon source supplemented with only inorganic salts for dihydroxyacetone (DHA) production by Gluconobacter frateurii BCC36199 using fed‐batch fermentation (FBF). Such a FBF process that relies on only glycerol and inorganic salts as carbon and nitrogen sources have never been reported. The effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) and harvest time on DHA production were studied in bioreactor batch fermentation (BBF) and applied to practical FBF.RESULTSThe highest DHA yield of 96.04% was obtained for culture conditions of 70% DO. The fastest DHA production rate and the highest biomass were obtained under fermentation conditions with 90% DO. FBF with 90% DO gave DHA that was significantly higher than BBF by 82.63%, and very high DHA yield of 96.77% was obtained.CONCLUSIONDO positively affects the DHA production in bioreactor by G. frateurii BCC36199. High conversion yields of glycerol to DHA by G. frateurii BCC36199 in BBF and FBF are obtained. The developed FBF process is economical because the minimum medium contains only glycerol and inexpensive inorganic salts. The process is designed to be a simple FBF for a more plausible industrial application. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
FeOOH and Mn8O10Cl3 modified zeolites for As(V) removal in aqueous medium
Authors: Krauklis Andrejs , Ozola Ruta , Burlakovs Juris , Rugele Kristine , Kirillov Kirill , Trubaca‐Boginska Anna , Rubenis Kristaps , Stepanova Valentina , Klavins Maris 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDArsenic in drinking water poses serious potential health risks in more than 30 countries with total affected population of around 100 million people. The present study is devoted to the development of innovative sorbents based on zeolite materials for As(V) sorption by modifying raw materials with iron oxyhydroxide and manganese oxychloride. Natural clinoptilolite and synthetic zeolite A were modified in order to obtain improved sorption of As(V). Sorption properties of newly developed sorbents were studied. Zeolites containing natural clinoptilolite are chosen due to relatively low cost and their broad use in industrial production as well as characteristic large surface area.RESULTSResults obtained indicate that modification of zeolites with FeOOH and Mn8O10Cl3 significantly improves the As(V) sorption capacity of newly developed materials. As(V) sorption on FeOOH‐modified aluminosilicates follows the Langmuir model, while on unmodified aluminosilicates it is described by the Freundlich model. As(V) sorption kinetics on both modified and unmodified materials most precisely can be described by Lagergren's pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. Elevated As(V) concentration on the surface of Mn8O10Cl3 crystals and amorphous FeOOH indicates these compounds as responsible for sorption increase.CONCLUSIONDeveloped sorbents show improved performance in comparison with their unmodified counterparts, with a dramatic increase in As(V) sorption capacity up to 99.3 times in the case of FeOOH‐modified calcium zeolite A. These materials have great potential for As(V) removal in aqueous medium. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Unsupervised pharmacophore modeling combined with QSAR analyses revealed novel low micromolar SIRT2 inhibitors
Authors: Khanfar Mohammad A. , Taha Mutasem O. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSituin 2 (SIRT2) enzyme is a histone deacetylase that has important role in neuronal development. SIRT2 is clinically validated target for neurodegenerative diseases and some cancers. In this study, exhaustive unsupervised pharmacophore modeling was combined with quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) analysis to explore the structural requirements for potent SIRT2 inhibitors using 146 known SIRT2 ligands. A computational workflow that combines genetic function algorithm with k‐nearest neighbor or multiple linear regression was implemented to build self‐consistent and predictive QSAR models based on combinations of pharmacophores and physicochemical descriptors. Successful pharmacophores were complemented with exclusion spheres to optimize their receiver operating characteristic curve profiles. Optimal QSAR models and their associated pharmacophore hypotheses were experimentally validated by identification and in vitro evaluation of several new promising SIRT2 inhibitory leads retrieved from the National Cancer Institute structural database. The most potent hit illustrated IC50 value of 5.4μM. The chemical structures of active hits were validated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy.
Comparison of four MRI protocols for detection of extrahepatic colorectal cancer metastases
Authors: Sivesgaard Kim , Jöhnk Maria Louise , Larsen Lars P. , Sørensen Michael , Kramer Stine , Løgager Vibeke Berg , Hansen Flemming , Pedersen Erik Morre 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo compare three magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols containing diffusion‐weighted imaging with background suppression (DWIBS) and one traditional protocol for detecting extrahepatic colorectal cancer metastases.Materials and MethodsThirty patients with extrahepatic colorectal cancer metastases were scanned in three stations from the skull base to the upper thighs using a 1.5T MRI system with six different MRI sequences; transverse and coronal T2‐weighted (T2W) turbo spin‐echo (TSE), coronal short tau inversion recovery (STIR), 3D T1W TSE, DWIBS, and a contrast‐enhanced T1W 3D gradient echo (GRE) sequence. The six sequences were used to build four hypothetical MRI interpretive sets which were read by two readers in consensus, blinded to prior imaging. Lesions were categorized into 13 anatomic regions. Fluorodeoxyglucose / positron emission tomography / computed tomography (FDG‐PET/CT) read with full access to prior imaging and clinical records was used as the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, and false discovery rate (FDR) were calculated as appropriate and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed.ResultsIn all, 177 malignant lesions were detected by FDG‐PET/CT and distributed in 92 out of 390 scanned anatomic regions. The sensitivity was statistically higher in two out of three sets incorporating DWIBS on a per‐lesion basis (66.7%, 63.3%, and 66.7% vs. 57.6%) (P = 0.01, P = 0.11, and P = 0.01, respectively) and in all sets incorporating DWIBS on a per‐region basis (75.0%, 75.0%, and 77.2 vs. 66.3%) (P = 0.04, P = 0.04, and P = 0.01, respectively). There was no difference in specificity, FDR, or AUCROC. There was no difference between sets containing DWIBS irrespective of the use of a contrast‐enhanced sequence.ConclusionMRI sets containing DWIBS had superior sensitivity. This sensitivity was retained when omitting a contrast‐enhanced sequence.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1619–1630.
Convenient and General Zinc‐Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Diazonium Salts and Aryltriazenes under Mild Conditions
Authors: Qi Xinxin , Jiang Li‐Bing , Zhou Chao , Peng Jin‐Bao , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA convenient and general zinc‐catalyzed borylation of aryl diazonium salts and aryltriazenes has been developed. With bis‐ (pinacolato)diboron as the borylation reagent, aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborate salts and aryltriazenes were transformed into the corresponding arylboronates in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions. As a convenient and practical methodology, no additional ligands, base, or any other additives are required here.
Understanding the physico‐chemical and surface discharge properties of epoxy silicon carbide nanocomposites
Authors: Sahoo Animesh , Gautam Ribhu , Vinu R. , Jayaganthan R. , Sarathi R. 
Published: March 2017

This study focuses on characterization of silicon carbide (SiC)‐epoxy nanocomposites with different mass loading of SiC using different techniques to evaluate the physicochemical, thermo‐physical and surface discharge activity of the insulating materials. A marginal increase in surface discharge inception voltage (SDIV) was observed with increase in wt% loading of SiC in the epoxy but not much variation is observed with increase in supply frequency. Surface discharge process radiates electromagnetic waves in the UHF signal frequency range of 0.5–1.5 GHz. The dielectric properties of the material get altered with the percentage of SiC material in epoxy resin. TEM analysis indicates uniformity of dispersion of nano particle in epoxy resin. Charge retention capability of the material is high when the deposited charges are unipolar. Optical emission studies indicate the presence of silicon peaks with SiC‐epoxy nanocomposites in wavelength range of 350‐400 nm. Oxygen peaks were observed for all samples. Using the spectral peak positions and intensities of the peaks obtained, the plasma temperature for SiC‐epoxy nanocomposites was estimated to be c.a. 2240 K low when compared to that for pure epoxy. LIBS spectra clearly indicate an increase in carbon intensity with corona damaged specimen. Also for the same level of fluency, the amount of damage is less with higher percentage of SiC included epoxy nanocomposites. Pyrolysis GC/MS study indicates that the presence of SiC in the epoxy matrix enhances the timescale of primary pyrolysis vapors such as bisphenol components to form more monomeric phenols via secondary cracking reactions. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:3268–3279, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Fosfomycin for the Treatment of Cystitis in the Abdominal Solid Organ Transplant Population
Authors: Loethen Ashley A. , Kerstenetzky Luiza , Descourouez Jillian L. , Leverson Glen E. , Smith Jeannina A. , Jorgenson Margaret R. 
Published: March 2017

Study ObjectivesTo evaluate the use of fosfomycin (FOS) at the single‐dose regimen approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as well as off‐label multidose regimens for the treatment of cystitis after abdominal solid organ transplant (aSOT).DesignRetrospective study.SettingTertiary academic medical center.PatientsAdult inpatients with history of aSOT receiving FOS between January 1, 2009, and April 30, 2015, for the treatment of cystitis.Measurements and Main ResultsSeventy‐six courses of FOS were identified in 64 patients. Overall treatment success was 85.5%, with 11 failed treatment courses. Enterococcus was isolated in 59.3% of courses, of which 72.2% were vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE). Gram‐negative organisms comprised a quarter of isolated bacteria, with most resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes. In the 11 failed treatment courses, 90% were targeted against enterococcus, of which 82% were VRE. Six of these failures (54%) were successfully retreated with uroselective therapy (FOS or nitrofurantoin). No significant difference in the success rate of single‐dose versus multidose therapy was seen (80.6% vs 90%, p=0.33). Concomitant systemic antibiotics for other indications were present in 36.8% of courses, and they were significantly more frequent in the multidose group (67.5% vs 47.2%, p=0.04). However, multivariable logistic regression analysis found that after adjustment for broad‐spectrum antibiotic use, no statistically significant difference in failure rates was found between the two regimens (p=0.42).ConclusionFOS appears to be successful in the treatment of cystitis in aSOT recipients. Multidose therapy did not significantly improve success over a single‐dose regimen. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the true efficacy of FOS in the aSOT population.
Measured and estimated performance of a fleet of shaded photovoltaic systems with string and module‐level inverters
Authors: MacAlpine Sara , Deline Chris , Dobos Aron 
Published: March 2017

AbstractShade obstructions can significantly impact the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Although there are many models for partially shaded PV arrays, there is a lack of information available regarding their accuracy and uncertainty when compared with actual field performance. This work assesses the recorded performance of 46 residential PV systems, equipped with either string‐level or module‐level inverters, under a variety of shading conditions. We compare their energy production data to annual PV performance predictions, with a focus on the practical models developed here for National Renewable Energy Laboratory's system advisor model software. This includes assessment of shade extent on each PV system by using traditional onsite surveys and newer 3D obstruction modelling. The electrical impact of shade is modelled by either a nonlinear performance model or assumption of linear impact with shade extent, depending on the inverter type. When applied to the fleet of residential PV systems, performance is predicted with median annual bias errors of 2.5% or less, for systems with up to 20% estimated shading loss. The partial shade models are not found to add appreciable uncertainty to annual predictions of energy production for this fleet of systems but do introduce a monthly root‐mean‐square error of approximately 4%–9% due to seasonal effects. Use of a detailed 3D model results in similar or improved accuracy over site survey methods, indicating that, with proper description of shade obstructions, modelling of partially shaded PV arrays can be done completely remotely, potentially saving time and cost. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.