bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bose–Einstein condensate haloes embedded in dark energy
Authors: Membrado M. , Pacheco A. F. 
Published: January 2018

Context. We have studied clusters of self-gravitating collisionless Newtonian bosons in their ground state and in the presence of the cosmological constant to model dark haloes of dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies.
Aims. We aim to analyse the influence of the cosmological constant on the structure of these systems. Observational data of Milky Way dSph galaxies allow us to estimate the boson mass.
Methods. We obtained the energy of the ground state of the cluster in the Hartree approximation by solving a variational problem in the particle density. We have also developed and applied the virial theorem. Dark halo models were tested in a sample of 19 galaxies. Galaxy radii, 3D deprojected half-light radii, mass enclosed within them, and luminosity-weighted averages of the square of line-of-sight velocity dispersions are used to estimate the particle mass.
Results. Cosmological constant repulsive effects are embedded in one parameter ξ. They are appreciable for ξ > 10−5. Bound structures appear for ξ ≤ ξc = 1.65 × 10−4, what imposes a lower bound for cluster masses as a function of the particle mass. In principle, these systems present tunnelling through a potential barrier; however, after estimating their mean lifes, we realize that their existence is not affected by the age of the Universe. When Milky Way dSph galaxies are used to test the model, we obtain 3.5−1.0+1.3 × 10−22 eV for the particle mass and a lower limit of 5.1−2.8+2.2 × 106 M⊙ for bound haloes.
Conclusions. Our estimation for the boson mass is in agreement with other recent results which use different methods. From our particle mass estimation, the treated dSph galaxies would present dark halo masses ~5–11 ×107 M⊙. With these values, they would not be affected by the cosmological constant (ξ < 10−8). However, dark halo masses smaller than 107 M⊙ (ξ > 10−5) would already feel their effects. Our model that includes dark energy allows us to deal with these dark haloes. Assuming quantities averaged in the sample of galaxies, 10−5 < ξ ≤ ξc dark haloes would contain stars up to ~8–15 kpc with luminosities ~9–4 ×103 L⊙. Then, their observation would be complicated. The comparison of our lower bound for dark halo masses with other bounds based on different arguments, leads us to think that the cosmological constant is actually the responsible of limiting the halo mass.
Schritt für Schritt
Authors: Heinicke Isabell , Ballmann Francy , Trcek Irena 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Entwicklung eines Behandlungspfads Das Delir ist ein lebensbedrohlicher Zustand, dessen Prävalenz bei beatmeten Patienten auf einer
Intensivstation bis zu 80 Prozent ausmachen kann. Die Folgen für die Patienten sind bedrohlich. Ist es möglich, durch die Anwendung eines
Behandlungspfades das Auftreten eines Delirs frühzeitig zu erkennen, um rechtzeitig Gegenmaßnahmen einleiten zu können?
Hypertension Control in Adults With CKD in China: Baseline Results From the Chinese Cohort Study of Chronic Kidney Disease (C-STRIDE)
Authors: Yan Zhe , Wang Yu , Li Shaomei , Wang Jinwei , Zhang Luxia , Tan Huibin , Li Sumin , Yang Lin , Pei Huaying , Zhang Liping , Wang Yan , Duan Jianzhao , Jiao Sumin , Zhao Minghui , Fu Shuxia ,   China National Survey of Chronic Kidney Disease Working Group
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDHypertension contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. Studies on blood pressure control in CKD patients in China are limited. In this study, we aimed to describe the status of blood pressure control in Chinese CKD patients based on the first national prospective CKD cohort data.METHODSA subgroup of Chinese Cohort Study of Chronic Kidney Disease participants with hypertension at baseline was included in the present study. Uncontrolled blood pressure was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg. Defined daily doses (DDDs) are used as a standard measurement of drug utilization in this population. Factors associated with uncontrolled blood pressure were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.RESULTSThere were 2,251 hypertensive CKD subjects among 2,873 predialysis CKD participants. The awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension were 80.7%, 95.6%, and 57.1%, respectively. Factors independently associated with uncontrolled blood pressure were overweight, obesity, albuminuria, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and diabetes. Over 50% of study subjects were prescribed 2 or more antihypertensive medications and only 7% were prescribed diuretics. Uncontrolled hypertensive patients were prescribed less antihypertensive medication than controlled hypertensives (DDD 1.3 [1.0–2.3] vs. 2.0 [1.0–3.1], P &lt; 0.001).CONCLUSIONSHypertension control was suboptimal among hypertensive CKD patients in China, especially among those overweight or with obesity, albuminuria, lower eGFR, and diabetes. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension should undergo treatment regimen evaluation to select the appropriate dosage and type of antihypertensive medications.
Global rates of convergence for nonconvex optimization on manifolds
Authors: Boumal Nicolas , Absil P-A , Cartis Coralia 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We consider the minimization of a cost function f on a manifold $\mathcal{M}$ using Riemannian gradient descent and Riemannian trust regions (RTR). We focus on satisfying necessary optimality conditions within a tolerance ε. Specifically, we show that, under Lipschitz-type assumptions on the pullbacks of f to the tangent spaces of $\mathcal{M}$, both of these algorithms produce points with Riemannian gradient smaller than ε in $\mathcal{O}\big(1/\varepsilon ^{2}\big)$ iterations. Furthermore, RTR returns a point where also the Riemannian Hessian’s least eigenvalue is larger than −ε in $\mathcal{O} \big(1/\varepsilon ^{3}\big)$ iterations. There are no assumptions on initialization. The rates match their (sharp) unconstrained counterparts as a function of the accuracy ε (up to constants) and hence are sharp in that sense. These are the first deterministic results for global rates of convergence to approximate first- and second-order Karush-Kuhn-Tucker points on manifolds. They apply in particular for optimization constrained to compact submanifolds of ${\mathbb{R}^{n}}$, under simpler assumptions.
Breaking the 3/2 Barrier for Unit Distances in Three Dimensions
Authors: Zahl Joshua 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We prove that every set of n points in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ spans O(n295/197+ε) unit distances. This is an improvement over the previous bound of O(n3/2), which was a natural barrier for this problem. A key ingredient in the proof is a new result for cutting circles in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ into pseudo-segments.
Comparison of Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening in Average Risk Patients Performed by Nurses Versus Gastroenterologists
Authors: Makhzoum Anas , Louw Jacob , Paterson William G 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Screening sigmoidoscopy is effective in reducing mortality from colorectal cancer. In 2009, Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) launched a nurse-performed screening flexible sigmoidoscopy program at Hotel Dieu Hospital, Kingston, Ontario. Prior to this program, there was a pilot sigmoidoscopy screening program by gastroenterologists in a similar average risk cohort.

Aim
To compare neoplasia detection rates and associated costs of screening sigmoidoscopy performed by nurses and gastroenterologists.

Method
A retrospective chart review was conducted on flexible sigmoidoscopies performed as part of two average risk screening programs performed by gastroenterologists and nurse-endoscopists. Detected polyps were categorized as hyperplastic, low-risk adenomas or high-risk adenomas. Average cost per procedure was estimated based on physician fee for service charges, nurse wage and benefits, physician supervisory fees, pathology costs and administrative expenses.

Results
There were 538 procedures performed by nurses and 174 by physicians. Adenomas were detected in 18% of nurse-performed procedures versus 9% in physician-performed procedures (p=0.003), with the higher adenoma detection rate restricted to low risk adenomas. One cancer was found in the physician group. Seven physicians performed the 174 sigmoidoscopies, with one physician performing the majority. This physician’s adenoma detection rate was 4.5%, whereas detection rate for the remaining physicians combined was 16.5%. Nurses biopsied more polyps per case (0.96 versus 0.18). Average estimated cost per case was greater for nurses ($387.54 versus $309.37).

Conclusion
Well-trained nurse-endoscopists can provide an effective service for colorectal cancer screening, but as currently structured in Ontario, the associated cost is higher for nurse-performed procedures.
Using science to conquer haze: an interview with Tong Zhu
Authors: Jia Hepeng 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
With a doctorate degree from the University of Wuppertal in Germany (1991), Tong Zhu is a Cheung Kong Chair Professor of Environmental Sciences at Peking University (PKU). He is a leading scientist in atmospheric pollution study and has been advising the Chinese government on controlling air pollution in the event of major international activities in China, including the 2008 Beijing Olympics. He served as a co-chair of the scientific steering committee of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and now is the chair of the Expert Panel of the National Natural Science Foundation of China's Major Research Program, ‘Fundamental researches on the formation and response mechanism of air pollution complex in China’. His research is focused on air pollution related chemical reactions, health effects of environmental pollution, megacity and regional air pollution control, and the air surface exchange and global biogeochemistry. To better understand the current status of the atmospheric pollution research in China and its contribution to air pollution control, the National Science Review made an exclusive interview with Prof. Zhu.
Cervical Radiculopathy: Effectiveness of Adding Traction to Physical Therapy—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Romeo Antonio , Vanti Carla , Boldrini Valerio , Ruggeri Martina , Guccione Andrew A , Pillastrini Paolo , Bertozzi Lucia 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Cervical radiculopathy (CR) is a common cervical spine disorder. Cervical traction (CT) is a frequently recommended treatment for patients with CR.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to conduct a review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of CT combined with other physical therapy procedures versus physical therapy procedures alone on pain and disability.

Data Sources
Data were obtained from COCHRANE Controlled Trials Register, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and PEDro, from their inception to July 2016.

Study Selection
All RCTs on symptomatic adults with CR, without any restriction regarding publication time or language, were considered.

Data Extraction
Two reviewers selected the studies, conducted the quality assessment, and extracted the results. Meta-analysis employed a random-effects model. The evidence was assessed using GRADE criteria.

Data Synthesis
Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Mechanical traction had a significant effect on pain at short- and intermediate-terms (g = –0.85 [95% CI = –1.63 to –0.06] and g = –1.17 [95% CI = –2.25 to –0.10], respectively) and significant effects on disability at intermediate term (g = –1.05; 95% CI = –1.81 to –0.28). Manual traction had significant effects on pain at short- term (g = –0.85; 95% CI = –1.39 to –0.30).

Limitations
The most important limitation of the present work is the lack of homogeneity in CR diagnostic criteria among the included studies.

Conclusions
In light of these results, the current literature lends some support to the use of the mechanical and manual traction for CR in addition to other physical therapy procedures for pain reduction, but yielding lesser effects on function/disability.
A High-Throughput Molecular Pipeline Reveals the Diversity in Prevalence and Abundance of Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne Species in Coffee Plantations
Authors: Bell Christopher A. , Atkinson Howard J. , Andrade Alan C. , Nguyen Hoa X. , Swibawa I. Gede , Lilley Catherine J. , McCarthy James , Urwin P. E. 
Published: January 2018

Coffee yields are adversely affected by plant-parasitic nematodes and the pathogens are largely underreported because a simple and reliable identification method is not available. We describe a polymerase chain reaction-based approach to rapidly detect and quantify the major Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne nematode species that are capable of parasitizing coffee. The procedure was applied to soil samples obtained from a number of coffee farms in Brazil, Vietnam, and Indonesia to assess the prevalence of these species associated both with coffee (Coffea arabica and C. canephora) and its intercropped species Musa acuminata (banana) and Piper nigrum (black pepper). Pratylenchus coffeae and P. brachyurus were associated with coffee in all three countries but there were distinct profiles of Meloidogyne spp. Meloidogyne incognita, M. exigua, and M. paranaensis were identified in samples from Brazil and M. incognita and M. hapla were detected around the roots of coffee in Vietnam. No Meloidogyne spp. were detected in samples from Indonesia. There was a high abundance of Meloidogyne spp. in soil samples in which Pratylenchus spp. were low or not detected, suggesting that the success of one genus may deter another. Meloidogyne spp. in Vietnam and Pratylenchus spp. in Indonesia were more numerous around intercropped plants than in association with coffee. The data suggest a widespread but differential nematode problem associated with coffee production across the regions studied. The issue is compounded by the current choice of intercrops that support large nematode populations. Wider application of the approach would elucidate the true global scale of the nematode problem and the cost to coffee production. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
A Systematic Evaluation of State Laws Governing Optometric Glaucoma Management in the United States Upto 2015
Authors: Chodnicki Kevin , Kalarn Sachin , Quinn Laura , Jampel Henry , Saeedi Osamah 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To describe state laws that govern the optometric practice of glaucoma management in the United States and to correlate those laws with state demographics upto 2015.

Materials and Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional ecological study of the 50 United States and the District of Columbia. Regulations governing optometric scope of practice as written by each state Board of Optometry were reviewed. Specific optometric privileges assessed included: ability to manage glaucoma independently, use of diagnostic pharmaceutical agents, use of therapeutic pharmaceutical agents (including topical and oral steroids and other oral pharmaceutical agents), IV injections, intraocular injections, therapeutic lasers, presence of defined referral, and comanagement guidelines, and hours of yearly continuing education needed for glaucoma management. Optometric privilege was compared with demographic and employment information for each state.

Results:
Optometrists in all states, except for Massachusetts, and the District of Columbia are allowed to manage glaucoma; 16 states have defined comanagement guidelines. Therapeutic lasers are allowed in 3 states: Kentucky, Louisiana, and Oklahoma. States with defined comanagement guidelines had a mean of 6.9±1.9 ophthalmologists per 100,000 people, significantly more than the 5.3±1.1 in states without defined comanagement of glaucoma (P<0.01). Binary logistic regression showed that, accounting for population and area, the higher the number of optometrists in a state, the less likely there is to be defined comanagement [β (SE)=−0.008 (0.003), P=0.02] and the greater the number of ophthalmologists in a given state, the more likely a state has defined comanagement [β (SE)=−0.13 (0.006)].

Conclusions:
There is a diversity of regulations that govern optometric management of glaucoma in each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The number of optometrists and ophthalmologists in a state may influence state regulations governing optometric practice and referral guidelines.
Factors Influencing Time‐to‐diagnosis of Biliary Atresia
Authors: Harpavat Sanjiv , Lupo Philip J. , Liwanag Loriel , Hollier John , Brandt Mary L. , Finegold Milton J. , Shneider Benjamin L. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTObjectives:Diagnosing biliary atresia (BA) quickly is critical, because earlier treatment correlates with delayed or reduced need for liver transplantation. However, diagnosing BA quickly is also difficult, with infants usually treated after 60 days of life. In this study, we aim to accelerate BA diagnosis and treatment, by better understanding factors influencing the diagnostic timeline.Methods:Infants born between 2007 and 2014 and diagnosed with BA at our institution were included (n = 65). Two periods were examined retrospectively: P1, the time from birth to specialist referral, and P2, the time from specialist referral to treatment. How sociodemographic factors associate with P1 and P2 were analyzed with Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models. In addition, to better characterize P2, laboratory results and early tissue histology were studied.Results:P1 associated with race/ethnicity, with shorter times in non‐Hispanic white infants compared to non‐Hispanic black and Hispanic infants (P = 0.007 and P = 0.004, respectively). P2 associated with referral age, with shorter times in infants referred after 30, 45, or 60 days of life (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.001, respectively). One potential reason for longer P2 in infants referred ⩽30 days is that aminotransferase levels were normal or near‐normal. However, despite reassuring laboratory values, tissue histology in early cases showed key features of BA.Conclusions:Our findings suggest 2 opportunities to accelerate BA diagnosis and treatment. First, to achieve prompt referrals for all races/ethnicities, universal screening strategies should be considered. Second, to ensure efficient evaluations independent of age, algorithms designed to detect early features of BA can be developed.
Symbiotic root infections inMedicago truncatularequire remorin-mediated receptor stabilization in membrane nanodomains
Authors: Liang Pengbo , Stratil Thomas F. , Popp Claudia , Marín Macarena , Folgmann Jessica , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Wen Jiangqi , Ott Thomas 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTPlant cell infection is tightly controlled by cell surface receptor-like kinases (RLKs) Alike other RLKs theMedicago truncatulaentry receptor LYK3 laterally segregates into membrane nanodomains in a stimulus-dependent manner. Although nanodomain localization arises as a generic feature of plant membrane proteins, molecular mechanisms underlying such dynamic transitions and their functional relevance remained poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that actin and the flotillin protein FLOT4 form the primary and indispensable core of a specific nanodomain. Infection-dependent induction of the remorin protein and secondary molecular scaffold SYMREM1 results in subsequent recruitment of ligand-activated LYK3 and its stabilization within these membrane subcompartments. Reciprocally, the majority of this LYK3 receptor pool is destabilized at the plasma membrane and undergoes rapid endocytosis insymrem1mutants upon rhizobial inoculation resulting in premature abortion of host cell infections. These data reveal that receptor recruitment into nanodomains is indispensable for their function during host cell infection.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPattern recognition receptors control the cellular entry of pathogenic as well as symbiotic microbes. While ligand-induced changes in receptor mobility at the plasma membrane and their localization in membrane nanodomains appears as a general feature, the molecular mechanism and the biological relevance of this phenomenon remained unknown. Here, we show that immobilization of the symbiotic cell entry receptor LYK3 in nanodomains requires the presence of actin and the two molecular scaffold proteins FLOT4 and SYMREM1. While FLOT4 forms the initial core structure, infection-induced expression and subsequent physical interaction of SYMREM1 with LYK3 stabilizes the activated receptors in membrane nanodomains. This recruitment prevents its stimulus-dependent endocytosis and ensures progression of the primary infection thread into root cortical cells.
AFCMEasyModel: An Easy Interface for Modeling Competing Endogenous RNA Networks using ODEs
Authors: Tarek Mohammad M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCompeting endogenous RNA networks have been considered to be important regulators of genetic data expression. Circular RNAs and microRNAs interact to form a circular sponge that have been shown to regulate messenger RNAs and hence regulating gene expression. The kinetics by which these non-coding RNAs interact together affecting gene expression are crucial to understand the mechanism of their regulatory function. Herein, we developed AFCMEasyModel as a user-friendly shiny app that enables users to modify regulation parameters of a competing endogenous RNA network based on interaction between circular RNAs and microRNAs in the simulation environment to form a sponge complex. The App provides the source-code for more customized models and allow users to download simulation plots for supplementation of their publications.The App was made available for public-access at: https://mohammadtarek.shinyapps.io/afcmeasymodel/
Comparison of computational methods for imputing single-cell RNA-sequencing data
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Zhang Shihua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSingle-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a recent breakthrough technology, which paves the way for measuring RNA levels at single cell resolution to study precise biological functions. One of the main challenges when analyzing scRNA-seq data is the presence of zeros or dropout events, which may mislead downstream analyses. To compensate the dropout effect, several methods have been developed to impute gene expression since the first Bayesian-based method being proposed in 2016. However, these methods have shown very diverse characteristics in terms of model hypothesis and imputation performance. Thus, large-scale comparison and evaluation of these methods is urgently needed now. To this end, we compared eight imputation methods, evaluated their power in recovering original real data, and performed broad analyses to explore their effects on clustering cell types, detecting differentially expressed genes, and reconstructing lineage trajectories in the context of both simulated and real data. Simulated datasets and case studies highlight that there are no one method performs the best in all the situations. Some defects of these methods such as scalability, robustness and unavailability in some situations need to be addressed in future studies.