bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the effects of iron enrichment across holobiont compartments reveals reduced microbial nitrogen fixation in the Red Sea coral Pocillopora verrucosa
Authors: Rädecker Nils , Pogoreutz Claudia , Ziegler Maren , Ashok Ananya , Barreto Marcelle M. , Chaidez Veronica , Grupstra Carsten G. B. , Ng Yi Mei , Perna Gabriela , Aranda Manuel , Voolstra Christian R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe productivity of coral reefs in oligotrophic tropical waters is sustained by an efficient uptake and recycling of nutrients. In reef‐building corals, the engineers of these ecosystems, this nutrient recycling is facilitated by a constant exchange of nutrients between the animal host and endosymbiotic photosynthetic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae), bacteria, and other microbes. Due to the complex interactions in this so‐called coral holobiont, it has proven difficult to understand the environmental limitations of productivity in corals. Among others, the micronutrient iron has been proposed to limit primary productivity due to its essential role in photosynthesis and bacterial processes. Here, we tested the effect of iron enrichment on the physiology of the coral Pocillopora verrucosa from the central Red Sea during a 12‐day experiment. Contrary to previous reports, we did not see an increase in zooxanthellae population density or gross photosynthesis. Conversely, respiration rates were significantly increased, and microbial nitrogen fixation was significantly decreased. Taken together, our data suggest that iron is not a limiting factor of primary productivity in Red Sea corals. Rather, increased metabolic demands in response to iron enrichment, as evidenced by increased respiration rates, may reduce carbon (i.e., energy) availability in the coral holobiont, resulting in reduced microbial nitrogen fixation. This decrease in nitrogen supply in turn may exacerbate the limitation of other nutrients, creating a negative feedback loop. Thereby, our results highlight that the effects of iron enrichment appear to be strongly dependent on local environmental conditions and ultimately may depend on the availability of other nutrients.
Testing the validity of telephone interviews to assess chronic pain in children and adolescents: A randomized cross‐over trial
Authors: Wager J. , Barth F. , Stahlschmidt L. , Zernikow B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundTelephone surveys are intended to reduce attrition in longitudinal studies. For paediatric chronic pain patients, the comparability of pain‐related information gathered using telephone interviews and postal surveys remain unknown. Furthermore, it remains unknown how social desirability may influence answers.MethodsTo compare data from telephone interviews and postal surveys, a randomized cross‐over design with two measure points 2 weeks apart and four conditions (combinations of telephone interviews (T) and postal surveys (P): P‐T, T‐P, P‐P, T‐T) was conducted in a sample of N = 323 paediatric chronic pain patients.ResultsIn the inter‐group comparison, pain‐related information did not differ between telephone interviews and postal surveys except for the information on pain location (back and extremities). Agreement measures of the intra‐group comparisons suggest substantial to excellent agreements for all items and did not differ between the groups. The internal consistency of a disability scale was excellent for both assessment modes; the number of missing values did not differ. Participation rate was higher for telephone interviews compared to the postal surveys. Across both time points, attrition was lowest for the groups without a switch in assessment mode compared to the groups with a switch in assessment mode. Except for pain‐related school absence, no effect of social desirability occurred.ConclusionsTelephone interviews are a useful method to achieve a high response rate. Pain locations should be asked for separately and not in an open question when interviewing children and adolescents on the telephone.SignificanceTelephone interviews are a good method to achieve a high response rate and obtain valid data in studies with paediatric chronic pain patients.
A simple method to estimate the isoelectric point of modified Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) particles
Authors: Braun Mario , Gebauer Wolfgang , Krczal Gabriela , Ziegler Christiane , Müller‐Renno Christine , Boonrod Kajohn 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe present a simple method to estimate the isoelectric point (pI) of Tomato Bushy Stunt particles. We demonstrate that the combination of agarose gels with different pH buffers can be used to electrophorese the virus particles and their migration patterns can be compared. This method allows us to estimate the pIof the virus particles (wild type, wt, and genetically modified particles) and to monitor the effect of the pIof modified peptide side chains of the viral capsid subunit on the pIof the whole virus particle.
Visually stressful striped patterns alter human visual cortical functional connectivity
Authors: Huang Jie , Zhu David C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractVisually stressful striped patterns with a spatial frequency (SF) of around 3 cycles per degree (cpd) can induce perceptual illusions/distortions and visual discomfort in most people, headaches in patients with migraine, and seizures in patients with photosensitive epilepsy. Patterns with SF ∼0.3 cpd have no such effects and are not uncomfortable to look at (non‐stressful). The effects of the striped patterns on visual cortical activation have been investigated, but their effects on the visual cortical network remain to be studied. A prolonged visual stimulation with stressful patterns may alter the functional connections within the visual system, and their relationship with other networks. Using resting‐state fMRI, this study revealed that the functional connections within the visual system were significantly enhanced by visually stressful stimulation. The functional connectivity between V1 and other brain regions was also significantly modified. Non‐stressful stimulation produced no such significant effects. More importantly, the effects outlasted the stimulation, and this applied both to those effects within and those beyond the visual cortex, suggesting that repeated prolonged visual stimulation with stressful patterns may alter functional connections of the brain and this might be utilized as a visual neuromodulation approach for treatments of visually triggered headaches in migraine patients and visually induced seizures in patients with photosensitive epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5474–5484, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional integrity in children with anoxic brain injury from drowning
Authors: Ishaque Mariam , Manning Janessa H. , Woolsey Mary D. , Franklin Crystal G. , Tullis Elizabeth W. , Beckmann Christian F. , Fox Peter T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDrowning is a leading cause of accidental injury and death in young children. Anoxic brain injury (ABI) is a common consequence of drowning and can cause severe neurological morbidity in survivors. Assessment of functional status and prognostication in drowning victims can be extremely challenging, both acutely and chronically. Structural neuroimaging modalities (CT and MRI) have been of limited clinical value. Here, we tested the utility of resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) for assessing brain functional integrity in this population. Eleven children with chronic, spastic quadriplegia due to drowning‐induced ABI were investigated. All were comatose immediately after the injury and gradually regained consciousness, but with varying ability to communicate their cognitive state. Eleven neurotypical children matched for age and gender formed the control group. Resting‐state fMRI and co‐registered T1‐weighted anatomical MRI were acquired at night during drug‐aided sleep. Network integrity was quantified by independent components analysis (ICA), at both group‐ and per‐subject levels. Functional‐status assessments based on in‐home observations were provided by families and caregivers. Motor ICNs were grossly compromised in ABI patients both group‐wise and individually, concordant with their prominent motor deficits. Striking preservations of perceptual and cognitive ICNs were observed, and the degree of network preservation correlated (ρ = 0.74) with the per‐subject functional status assessments. Collectively, our findings indicate that rs‐fMRI has promise for assessing brain functional integrity in ABI and, potentially, in other disorders. Furthermore, our observations suggest that the severe motor deficits observed in this population can mask relatively intact perceptual and cognitive capabilities. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4813–4831, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrophysiological correlates of the drift diffusion model in visual word recognition
Authors: Mueller Christina J. , White Corey N. , Kuchinke Lars 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study was designed to explore the electrophysiological correlates of the diffusion models drift rate parameter in cognitive decision making. Eighty‐two participants completed a lexical decision task while their stimulus‐dependent event‐related potentials (ERP) and theta frequency band power were measured. A mass univariate approach was applied to examine the timeline at which correlations were evident. Individual differences in drift rate parameter and condition‐wise within‐subject differences in drift rates for word emotionality and item repetition were found to be related to amplitude differences in the late positive complex (LPC). No relations to theta frequency band power changes were obtained. The drift rate parameter captures information accumulation of noisy evidence, while LPC amplitudes are discussed to reflect the strength of a memory trace. While these results point to a common underlying cognitive mechanism to explain drift rates and LPC modulation, they also provide a new angle on the timeline of visual word processing following word identification. Further confirmations of the results are needed to approve the LPC as neurophysiological marker of information accumulation.Hum Brain Mapp 38:5616–5627, 2017. ©2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Great expectations: An analysis of researchers' and policy makers' perceptions of the potential value of the Australian indigenous burden of disease study for policy
Authors: Katz Aaron , Gajjar Deepa , Zwi Anthony B. , Hill Peter S. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe “Burden of disease and injury in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples” was commissioned by the Australian government as part of the Australian Burden of Disease study. This paper explores the extent to which key actors in the research and policy communities expected the Indigenous Burden of Disease study's findings to inform, influence, or drive federal decisions concerning Indigenous health in Australia.This qualitative research undertook interviews with 13 key informants with significant involvement in the Indigenous Burden of Disease study: six researchers, five policy makers, and two knowledge brokers. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed, and the findings were triangulated with a review of the literature. Policy makers and researchers anticipated that the Indigenous Burden of Disease study would improve the available information for policy deliberations about Indigenous health. Beyond that, their expectations about its policy influence differed substantially, with researchers more confident of the study's capacity to guide health priorities, and policy makers situating findings in the context of other critical inputs. Expectations of policy influence are shaped by the disciplinary perspectives of actors, and their relationship to policy outcomes and cannot be examined without also considering the policy, political, and financing context of the study being analyzed.
Temporally stable patterns but seasonal dependent controls of soil water content: Evidence from wavelet analyses
Authors: Hu Wei , Si Bing Cheng , Biswas Asim , Chau Henry Wai 
Published: July 2017

AbstractScale‐ and location‐dependent relationships between soil water content (SWC) and individual environmental factors have been widely explored. SWC is controlled by multiple factors concurrently; however, the multivariate relationship is rarely explored at different scales and locations. Multivariate controls of SWC at different scales and locations in two seasons within a hummocky landscape of North America were identified using bivariate wavelet coherency and multiple wavelet coherence. Results showed that depth to CaCO3 layer, which was correlated with elevation over all locations at scales of 36–144 m and cos(aspect), provided the best individual factor for explaining SWC variations in spring (May 2) and summer (August 23), respectively. Although spatial patterns of SWC were temporally stable, different topographic indices affected spatial distribution of SWC in different seasons (elevation in spring and aspect in summer) due to different dominating hydrological processes. These varying hydrological processes also resulted in the distinct role of soil organic carbon (SOC) content in different seasons: a positive correlation in spring and a negative correlation in summer. Multiple wavelet coherence identified a combination of depth to CaCO3 layer and SOC in spring and a combination of cos(aspect) and SOC in summer that controlled SWC at different scales and locations, respectively. This indicated a combined effect of soil and topographic properties on SWC distribution and a clear need for these two factors in developing scale‐dependent prediction of SWC in the hummocky landscape of North America.
Thermo‐physical properties of synthetic mucus for the study of airway clearance
Authors: Lafforgue O. , Bouguerra N. , Poncet S. , Seyssiecq I. , Favier J. , Elkoun S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this article, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, density, heat capacity and thermal conductivity, of a bronchial mucus simulant proposed by Zahm et al., Eur Respir J 1991; 4: 311–315 were experiementally determined. This simulant is mainly composed of a galactomannan gum and a scleroglucan. It was shown that thermophysical properties of synthetic mucus are dependant of scleroglucan concentrations. More importantly and for some scleroglucan concentrations, the syntetic mucus, exhibits, somehow, comparable thermophysical properties to real bronchial mucus. An insight on the microstructure of this simulant is proposed and the different properties enounced previously have been measured for various scleroglucan concentrations and over a certain range of operating temperatures. This synthetic mucus is found to mimic well the rheological behavior and the surface tension of real mucus for different pathologies. Density and thermal properties have been measured for the first time. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3025–3033, 2017.
New insights into the catalytic mechanism of human glycine N‐acyltransferase
Authors: van der Sluis Rencia , Ungerer Vida , Nortje Carla , A. van Dijk Alberdina , Erasmus Elardus 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEven though the glycine conjugation pathway was one of the first metabolic pathways to be discovered, this pathway remains very poorly characterized. The bi‐substrate kinetic parameters of a recombinant human glycine N‐acyltransferase (GLYAT, E.C. 2.3.1.13) were determined using the traditional colorimetric method and a newly developed HPLC–ESI‐MS/MS method. Previous studies analyzing the kinetic parameters of GLYAT, indicated a random Bi–Bi and/or ping‐pong mechanism. In this study, the hippuric acid concentrations produced by the GLYAT enzyme reaction were analyzed using the allosteric sigmoidal enzyme kinetic module. Analyses of the initial rate (v) against substrate concentration plots, produced a sigmoidal curve (substrate activation) when the benzoyl‐CoA concentrations was kept constant, whereas the plot with glycine concentrations kept constant, passed through a maximum (substrate inhibition). Thus, human GLYAT exhibits mechanistic kinetic cooperativity as described by the Ferdinand enzyme mechanism rather than the previously assumed Michaelis–Menten reaction mechanism.
Relevance of cystatin‐C, N‐acetylglucosaminidase, and Interleukin‐18 with the diagnosis of acute kidney injury induced by cadmium in rats
Authors: Mohamed Ali Ola Sayed , Elshaer Shereen Saeid , Anwar Hend Mohamed , Zohni Mamdouh Salah EL‐din 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently established on modifications in serum creatinine (SCr). The discriminative and prognostic aptitudes of serum cystatin‐C as well as N‐acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) and Interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) were inspected for the estimation of AKI.In this study twelve rats were alienated into two groups: control group received saline, second group received cadmium chloride at a dose (2.4 mg Cd/kg/day, i.p) for 30 days. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), SCr, and IL‐18 serum level were measured in addition to serum and tissue content of cystatin‐C and NAG.AKI model showed significant increase in BUN, creatinine, and IL‐18. RT‐PCR showed upregulation of cystatin‐C gene besides significant increase of its level in serum. Additionally, tissue content of NAG was significantly increased.Our findings may provide that grouping of several biomarkers for diagnosis of AKI is a more valuable diagnostic tool than single‐marker measurement.
Daily Mindful Responding Mediates the Effect of Meditation Practice on Stress and Mood: The Role of Practice Duration and Adherence
Authors: Lacaille Julien , Sadikaj Gentiana , Nishioka Midori , Carrière Kimberly , Flanders Joseph , Knäuper Bärbel 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveAlthough meditation practice is an important component of many mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs), empirical findings of its effects on psychological functioning are mixed and the mechanisms for the effects remain unclear. Responding with mindfulness (i.e., returning one's attention back to a nonjudgmental, present‐oriented awareness) is a fundamental skill practiced in meditations. With repeated meditation practice, this skill is thought to become internalized and be applied to one's daily life. We thus hypothesized that the extent to which individuals responded to daily events with mindfulness would mediate the effects of meditation practice (instance, duration, and adherence to instructions) on psychological well‐being.MethodUsing a daily diary methodology, we tracked the meditation practice, use of mindful responding during the day, and psychological outcomes (perceived stress, negative and positive affect) of 117 mindfulness‐based stress reduction program participants.ResultsWe found that on days when participants meditated, they responded with greater mindfulness to daily events, which accounted for the beneficial effects of meditating on psychological outcomes. Furthermore, findings suggest that on meditation days, longer and more closely adhered meditation practices were independently associated with increases in mindful responding, which in turn were associated with better psychological outcomes.ConclusionThese results suggest that regular, longer, and more closely adhered meditation practice is an important component of MBIs, in part because it leads to responding more mindfully in daily life, which promotes well‐being.
Water stress and ripeness effects on the volatile composition of Cabernet Sauvignon wines
Authors: Talaverano Inmaculada , Ubeda Cristina , Cáceres‐Mella Alejandro , Valdés María Esperanza , Pastenes Claudio , Peña‐Neira Álvaro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDControlled water deficits affect grape berry physiology and the resulting wines, with volatile composition being the one of the affected parameters. However, there is a potential disconnect between aromatic maturity and sugar accumulation. Accordingly, the effects of three different water status levels over two growing seasons (2014 and 2015) and two different harvest dates on the aroma compounds from Cabernet Sauvignon wines were studied. Volatile compounds were determined using headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatoghraphy/mass spectrometry.RESULTSAround 45 volatile compounds were determined in the wines and, among these, esters were affected the most, presenting lower concentrations when the most restrictive water treatment was applied in both years. By contrast, volatile acids presented the highest concentrations when the lowest level of irrigation was applied. On the other hand, a delay in harvesting produced an increase in the total amount of volatile compounds in samples from the most restrictive water treatment. These results are coincident with a principal component analysis that indicated a great separation between years, deficit irrigation treatments and harvest dates.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study suggest that a low water supply had a negative effect on the aromatic potential of wines at a similar ripening stage. However, this effect could be countered by harvesting at a later date. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The potential of computer vision, optical backscattering parameters and artificial neural network modelling in monitoring the shrinkage of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) during drying
Authors: Onwude Daniel I , Hashim Norhashila , Abdan Khalina , Janius Rimfiel , Chen Guangnan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDDrying is a method used to preserve agricultural crops. During the drying of products with high moisture content, structural changes in shape, volume, area, density and porosity occur. These changes could affect the final quality of dried product and also the effective design of drying equipment. Therefore, this study investigated a novel approach in monitoring and predicting the shrinkage of sweet potato during drying. Drying experiments were conducted at temperatures of 50–70 °C and samples thicknesses of 2–6 mm. The volume and surface area obtained from camera vision, and the perimeter and illuminated area from backscattered optical images were analysed and used to evaluate the shrinkage of sweet potato during drying.RESULTSThe relationship between dimensionless moisture content and shrinkage of sweet potato in terms of volume, surface area, perimeter and illuminated area was found to be linearly correlated. The results also demonstrated that the shrinkage of sweet potato based on computer vision and backscattered optical parameters is affected by the product thickness, drying temperature and drying time. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network with input layer containing three cells, two hidden layers (18 neurons), and five cells for output layer, was used to develop a model that can monitor, control and predict the shrinkage parameters and moisture content of sweet potato slices under different drying conditions. The developed ANN model satisfactorily predicted the shrinkage and dimensionless moisture content of sweet potato with correlation coefficient greater than 0.95.CONCLUSIONCombined computer vision, laser light backscattering imaging and artificial neural network can be used as a non‐destructive, rapid and easily adaptable technique for in‐line monitoring, predicting and controlling the shrinkage and moisture changes of food and agricultural crops during drying. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry