bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Snow Albedo Feedback into Downscaled Temperature and Snow Cover Projections for California’s Sierra Nevada
Authors: Walton Daniel B. , Hall Alex , Berg Neil , Schwartz Marla , Sun Fengpeng 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
California’s Sierra Nevada is a high-elevation mountain range with significant seasonal snow cover. Under anthropogenic climate change, amplification of the warming is expected to occur at elevations near snow margins due to snow albedo feedback. However, climate change projections for the Sierra Nevada made by global climate models (GCMs) and statistical downscaling methods miss this key process. Dynamical downscaling simulates the additional warming due to snow albedo feedback. Ideally, dynamical downscaling would be applied to a large ensemble of 30 or more GCMs to project ensemble-mean outcomes and intermodel spread, but this is far too computationally expensive. To approximate the results that would occur if the entire GCM ensemble were dynamically downscaled, a hybrid dynamical–statistical downscaling approach is used. First, dynamical downscaling is used to reconstruct the historical climate of the 1981–2000 period and then to project the future climate of the 2081–2100 period based on climate changes from five GCMs. Next, a statistical model is built to emulate the dynamically downscaled warming and snow cover changes for any GCM. This statistical model is used to produce warming and snow cover loss projections for all available CMIP5 GCMs. These projections incorporate snow albedo feedback, so they capture the local warming enhancement (up to 3°C) from snow cover loss that other statistical methods miss. Capturing these details may be important for accurately projecting impacts on surface hydrology, water resources, and ecosystems.
Using a Sequence of Earcons to Monitor Multiple Simulated Patients
Authors: Hickling Anna , Brecknell Birgit , Loeb Robert G. , Sanderson Penelope 
Published: November 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether a sequence of earcons can effectively convey the status of multiple processes, such as the status of multiple patients in a clinical setting. Background: Clinicians often monitor multiple patients. An auditory display that intermittently conveys the status of multiple patients may help. Method: Nonclinician participants listened to sequences of 500-ms earcons that each represented the heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels of a different simulated patient. In each sequence, one, two, or three patients had an abnormal level of HR and/or SpO2. In Experiment 1, participants reported which of nine patients in a sequence were abnormal. In Experiment 2, participants identified the vital signs of one, two, or three abnormal patients in sequences of one, five, or nine patients, where the interstimulus interval (ISI) between earcons was 150 ms. Experiment 3 used the five-sequence condition of Experiment 2, but the ISI was either 150 ms or 800 ms. Results: Participants reported which patient(s) were abnormal with median 95% accuracy. Identification accuracy for vital signs decreased as the number of abnormal patients increased from one to three, p < .001, but accuracy was unaffected by number of patients in a sequence. Overall, identification accuracy was significantly higher with an ISI of 800 ms (89%) compared with an ISI of 150 ms (83%), p < .001. Conclusion: A multiple-patient display can be created by cycling through earcons that represent individual patients. Application: The principles underlying the multiple-patient display can be extended to other vital signs, designs, and domains.
End of Life Care: A Scoping Review of Experiences of Advance Care Planning for People with Dementia
Authors: Jones Kerry , Birchley Giles , Huxtable Richard , Clare Linda , Walter Tony , Dixon Jeremy 
Published: November 2016

Despite increasing attention given to dementia by international governments and policy makers, the focus of end of life care has been on the dying trajectory of malignant disease. People with severe dementia have complex physical and psychological needs, yet the disease is not always recognised as terminal. Advance Care Planning involving people with dementia and their families can provide opportunities to discuss and later, initiate timely palliative care. We conducted a scoping review of studies exploring decisions associated with the EoLC of people with dementia. Eligible studies had to report on decision making at the end of life and by whom (the dying person, clinician/health professional or relative/family member). Twenty-five eligible studies reported on Advance Care Planning and end of life care decisions for individuals with dementia. The papers highlight several challenges that need to be addressed in order to provide adequate and effective care for people with dementia as they near the end of their life.
Correlation of Electrophotonic Imaging Parameters With Fasting Blood Sugar in Normal, Prediabetic, and Diabetic Study Participants
Authors: Bhat Romesh Kumar , Deo Guru , Mavathur Ramesh , Srinivasan Thaiyar Madabusi 
Published: November 2016

Introduction.Electrophotonic imaging (EPI), also known as gas discharge visualization, is a technique of capturing images of phenomena not quantifiable by the naked eye. Different sectors at the tip of fingers represent various organs and systems as per the Chinese system of acupuncture. The images from these fingertips can be used to determine the state of health. This is done with the help of a CCD camera fitted in the EPI equipment and the specific software relevant for analysis.Aim.To observe the correlation between EPI parameters and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels in normal, prediabetic, and diabetic study participants.Materials and Methods.A total of 102 participants were selected for this study from various yoga camps and Arogyadham at Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana Yoga University, Bengaluru, India. The selected participants belonged to 3groups—normal, prediabetic, and diabetic—depending on the FBS levels. The distribution of participants was 29 normal, 13 prediabetic, and 60 diabetic.Results.Regression analysis in the case of prediabetics showed a significant relationship of FBS with pancreas and right kidney. In the case of normal participants, a significant relationship of FBS was found with area and form coefficient of the EPI gram. For diabetics, regression analysis showed significant relationship of FBS with immune organs, left kidney, area, intensity, and entropy of EPI grams.Conclusion.FBS correlates differently in the normal, prediabetic, and diabetic groups. In the prediabetic group, correlation of FBS with EPI parameters pancreas and right kidney is noteworthy and in line with latest findings in medical research.
Mapping deeply buried karst cavities using controlled-source audio magnetotellurics: A case history of a tunnel investigation in southwest China
Authors: Wang Xingjian , He Lanfang , Chen Ling , Xu Ligui , Li Jian , Lei Xuyou , Wei Donghua 
Published: November 2016

Karst cavity mapping is attracting great interest from engineering geologists because of its relation to the dangerous geohazards faced during engineering construction. Ground-based geophysical methods still face challenges in karst mapping, and concealed karst cavities potentially pose threats to tunnel construction in southwest China. Given the significant contrast in electrical resistivity between karst cavities and their host rocks, geoelectrical methods are widely used for mapping these cavities. We have developed a successful case history of mapping karst cavities on a planned railway route using controlled-source audio magnetotellurics (CSAMT). Scalar CSAMT, with frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 8192 Hz, was used for field data acquisition. A full-frequency domain apparent resistivity correction method was used for near-field corrections. Electromagnetic array profiling (EMAP) filtering was used for topographic and static shift corrections, and the Bostick conversion was used for data interpretation. Our study indicated that the results of the Bostick conversion with EMAP filtering were more acceptable than the results of rapid relaxation inversion and nonlinear conjugate gradient inversion in this case. The G Tunnel is a key tunnel along the Gui-Guang high-speed railway in southwest China. Initial geophysical and engineering geologic results suggest that the bedrock of the survey section of the G Tunnel route is sandstone. A CSAMT survey with three inline sections and three crossline sections over the tunnel route was conducted in two phases to verify the rock conditions of the tunnel route. A concealed karst cavity with a low-resistivity anomaly was found on the tunnel route and was verified by the borehole. Data from the CSAMT survey significantly refined our understanding of the subsurface engineering geologic conditions along the tunnel route.
CREATING INNOVATIVE PRODUCT IN FINANCIAL ENGLISH
Authors: Gavrilova Elena , Trostina Kira 
Published: November 2016

Most of authentic textbooks and other teaching material on Financial English for higher education deal with internationally generalized issues without covering national peculiarities. Such a gap in the educational literature market can be filled only with customized material, catered for the specific purposes, to train students in their particular area of specialization and to provide them with abundant autonomous workload. The article describes the experience of Russian-speaking ESP teachers who approach creating an innovative e-training educational program in English of Finance and Accounting as a business project. A complex research to analyze university and students’ needs and teachers’ expectations is carried out. To estimate the input versus prospective output SWOT analysis for the project is conducted. Outlined in the article are the challenges the project faces, and some ways of solving such problems as copyright, IT or workgroup support and others are suggested. Features of an innovative educational product for Financial English are identified.
EXAMINATION OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN GOAT’S MILK
Authors: Tomovska Julijana , Hristova Vesna , Trajkovska Biljana , Gjorgievski Nikola 
Published: November 2016

Examination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) was performed on samples of goat milk. Typical of OCPs is that they accumulate in the milk fat, for this purpose during the examination analyzed the quantitiesof OCPs in milk fat, and the quantities of OCPs depending on the temperature and storage time.In samples of raw goat's milk taken from 10 individual farms Pelagonija region, were determined seven OCPs .Value of fat was approximately 2.7%.The milk was kept at a temperature of 4°C for a week till decay. The OCPs was calculated in (w/w %), and was found that most present are Heptachlor average 0,091695, at least Dieldrin with value of 0,034547. Determination was made of the gas chromatograph (GS) from "Agilent Technologies'', and calculated analytical yield, R varied in the range of 98,113599 to 101,83674%, which proves that the method is accurate and quantitative.The maximum value at temperature of 63-65°C is DDT, than Endosulfan heated at a temperature of 71-74°C, while minimum value is Dieldrin at temperature of 89 -100ºC. The conclusion of examination is that in our region are still applied insecticides for the protection of plants.
Metabolismo líquido da matéria orgânica, calcificação e fluxos de dióxido de carbono em dois recifes costeiros sujeitos a diferentes graus de impacto: Coroa Vermelha e Taipus de Fora, Bahia
Authors: Souza Marcelo Friederichs Landim de , Santana Thaís Bomfim 
Published: November 2016

This study intended to compare physical and chemical variables, net ecosystem metabolism (production – respiration) and calcification-carbonate dissolution rates in two coastal reefs subject to different levels of anthropogenic inputs of nutrients and organic matter. The coast surrounding Coroa Vermelha reef presented a higher degree of urbanization and touristic activities than Taipus de Fora at the time of sampling. The temperature, dissolved inorganic nutrients, total alkalinity, and total suspended solids were significantly higher in Coroa Vermelha reef, probably as a result of the anthropogenic inputs. These variables in Taipus de Fora were comparable to those found in the literature for Recife de Fora, an offshore protected reef and other less impacted reefs. Total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon dioxide partial pressure were lower and pH was higher in the reef flat than at the surrounding seawater. There was a prevalence of an influx of atmospheric carbon dioxide to reef water, net autotrophy and calcification. A significant correlation was observed between net calcification and net community metabolism. The benthic photosynthesis in the reef flat during low tide decreases the carbon dioxide partial pressure and increases the aragonite saturation state, establishing thermodynamic conditions that favor calcification.
Fincas cafetaleras de la “Costa Cuca” en Guatemala. Patrimonio cultural desvalorizado
Authors: Quiñónez Guzmán Javier 
Published: November 2016

Resumen Tomando como referencia dos casos de estudio ubicados en la región de la “Costa Cuca”, al Sur Occidente del país, se da a conocer la importancia que tienen las fincas cafetaleras para Guatemala y las calidades que poseen para ser consideradas como Patrimonio Cultural de la Nación, debido a su valoración tangible. Para ello se revisa rápidamente el contexto general del inicio de la producción de café en el país, las características de la región estudiada y el recorrido realizado a las fincas cafetaleras mencionadas. Además, con el análisis de la legislación nacional guatemalteca sobre el tema de patrimonio cultural, se logra evidenciar el valor patrimonial cultural de las fincas cafetaleras para Guatemala, su estado actual de conservación y la necesidad de revitalización en función del desarrollo sostenible del área de estudio y del país.Abstract The importance of the existence of coffee plantation estates (architectural complexes) located in the southwest region of Guatemala, known as “Costa Cuca” and the qualities and values they possess, should be considered as cultural heritage. This importance is demonstrated by the analysis of the two case studies presented in this article. To accomplish this purpose and to successfully argue that these complexes should be elevated to cultural heritage of our country, maintain their current condition of conservation and, in fact, be preserved and revitalized, the analysis includes a quick revision of the general context of the production of coffee in its early years, facts about the characteristics of the proposed region, the results of visits to these complexes and a profound revision of the current legislation in terms of cultural heritage in our country.
Starting and resourcing family and internal medicine residency programs as integral mission
Authors: Merry Stephen P , Dahlman Bruce , Sawatsky Adam P , Palmer Dennis , Shannon Kevin C , Thacher Thomas D 
Published: November 2016

Graduate medical education is an excellent means of building the capacity of health care systems in low and middle Income Countries (LMIC) and a growing way for physicians in the U.S to get involved in integral mission – the proclamation and demonstration of the Gospel. This white paper purposes to provide a “best practices” recommendations on family and internal medicine (“medical”) residency program development in majority world settings. An expert panel of residency educators convened in November 2015 at the Global Missions Health Conference (GMHC) in Louisville, Kentucky and through an iterative process identified themes that were then further defined and clarified by medical residency faculty unable to be present. Participants largely agreed that integration and cooperation with the country’s Ministry of Health (MOH) is essential for sustainable residency development. Recognition of family medicine as a specialty will enable graduates to succeed in the country’s physician job market and health systems leadership. Recognition by the national church of the unique needs of their mission hospitals’ educational programs to control their revenue in order to fund their programs’ growth and development exemplifies the common wisdom to provide authority and resources where responsibility for good outcomes is expected. Co-training of general surgeons and medical residents who can provide essential surgical call coverage may lead to on-going synergies. Teaching by medical and surgical subspecialists is essential in medical residencies to provide the depth of instruction residents need to develop as excellent clinicians. Dependable scheduling of their specialty instruction allows residency program directors to assure inclusion of their content in the residency curriculum. In summary, participants agreed that teaching in medical residency programs in LMIC present excellent opportunities for national and expat Christian physician educators interested in integral mission.
Surgical residency training in the mission setting: current status and future directions
Authors: Smith James D , Poenaru Dan , Thompson David , Phillips J Dwight 
Published: November 2016

Surgery has traditionally been an important aspect of services offered by mission hospitals, but only in the last 20 years has surgical residency training been incorporated into the mission hospital setting. A working group of surgical educators met in conjunction with the Global Missions Health Conference in November 2015 and discussed the current status of surgical training in the mission setting. This paper outlines the current status and makes recommendations for mission groups who are contemplating starting a residency training program. Potential difficulties and the importance of regional recognition of the program are discussed. The work group felt that it was important to include a strong spiritual emphasis as part of the training. Future directions and the concern about employment opportunities are explored.
Teknologi Penanganan dan Transportasi Lobster Air Tawar
Authors: Suryaningrum Theresia Dwi , Syamdidi Syamdidi , Ikasari Diah 
Published: November 2016

Lobster air tawar yang diperdagangkan dalam keadaan hidup, memerlukan serangkaian kegiatan yang meliputi penanganan pascapanen, penampungan dan pengemasan sebelum dilakukan transportasi. Penanganan pascapanen ditujukan untuk sortasi, dengan memisahkan lobster berdasarkan ukuran dan kebugarannya. Penampungan dilakukan bila lobster yang akan dipasarkan jumlahnya tidak mencukupi atau lobster perlu dibugarkan terlebih dahulu sebelum dikirim. Penampungan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan rak bertingkat yang dilengkapi dengan sistem filtrasi dengan sistem aliran tertutup. Lobster sebelum dikirim dilakukan imotilisasi dengan suhu dingin (12oC), kemudian dikemas dalam plastik mika yang pada bagian dasarnya diberi spon basah. Plastik mika kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam kotak styrofoam yang pada bagian dasar dan atasnya diberi es yang dibungkus dalam plastik. Kotak styrofoam kemudian direkatkan dengan lakban dan dimasukkan ke dalam karton untuk dikirim. Dengan kemasan seperti ini transportasi lobster air tawar dapat dilakukan sampai dengan 6 hari dengan sintasan 97%. Ketahanan lobster yang cukup lama di luar media memungkinkan lobster dapat diekspor dalam keadaan hidup ke berbagai negara dimana peluang pasar lobster air tawar masih sangat terbuka.
teripang: Potensinya sebagai bahan NUTRACEUTICAL dan TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHANNYA
Authors: Suryaningrum Theresia Dwi 
Published: November 2016

Teripang atau sea cucumber merupakan hewan laut yang telah dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan dan obat. Kandungan nutrisinya yang lengkap, secara tradisional telah dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan nutraceutical untuk melancarkan peredaran darah akibat penyempitan pembuluh darah karena kolesterol, melancarkan fungsi ginjal, meningkatkan metabolisme, mencegah penyakit arthritis, diabetes melitus, hipertensi, mempercepat penyembuhan luka, dan antiseptik tradisional. Karena manfaatnya yang cukup luas, kini produk olahan teripang semakin berkembang seperti ekstrak teripang dalam bentuk jelly dan tablet yang digunakan sebagai suplemen. Indonesia sebagai negara yang kaya akan keanekaragaman jenis teripang dan pengekspor teripang terbesar di dunia, saat ini belum memiliki industri yang mengolah teripang menjadi ekstrak teripang sebagai bahan nutraceutical. Sampai saat ini teknologi pengolahan teripang baru dalam bentuk kering dan dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan. Sementara penelitian teripang sebagai bahan obat masih terbatas dan produk ekstrak teripang masih diimpor dari Malaysia dan Amerika. Mengingat sumberdayanya yang cukup potensial, maka penelitian ke arah bidang farmasi dan kesehatan perlu ditingkatkan. Penelitian tersebut untuk mendukung industri farmasi yang mengolah teripang menjadi bahan nutraceutical yang pasarnya masih terbuka serta peningkatan nilai tambahnya cukup tinggi.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI KARAGINAN UNTUK MENGHASILKAN PRODUK BERNILAI TAMBAH
Authors: Assadad Luthfi 
Published: November 2016

Tingginya permintaan produk rumput laut untuk memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan industri berdampak pada berkembangnya industri pengolahan rumput laut, diantaranya industri karaginan. Hasil samping industri pengolahan rumput laut berupa limbah yang mengandung selulosa, senyawa alkali, senyawa organik serta zat-zat pengotor. Limbah yang tidak ditangani dan dikelola dengan baik dapat mencemari lingkungan dan merugikan kehidupan manusia. Menyikapi hal ini, maka perlu dilakukan usaha untuk memanfaatkan limbah industri karaginan agar tidak mencemari lingkungan dan bermanfaat bagi manusia. Beberapa potensi pemanfaatan limbah industri karaginan antara lain sebagai media pertumbuhan jamur tiram, papan partikel, kertas, pakan ternak, dan pupuk organik.
THE POTENTIAL OF HETEROTROPHIC MICROALGAE (Schizochytrium sp.) AS A SOURCE OF DHA
Authors: Hakim Arif Rahman 
Published: November 2016

Docosahexanoic acid (DHA) is commercially obtained from marine fish. With an increasinghuman population, the supplies of DHA are still not sufficient to meet the world’s need of DHA asfood supplement. The objective of this review is to discuss Schizochytrium sp., one of microalgaewhich is rich in DHA, as one of the best candidate as producer of sustainable and affordable DHA.Heterotrophic microalgae, especially genus Schizochytrium, produces omega-3 fatty acids up to40% of total unsaturated fatty acids. Cultivation of the microalgae is easy as it does not requiresunlight as source of energy. Previous publication reported that several local strains ofSchizochytrium have been isolated from mangrove area in Indonesia. We expect that thosestrains can be cultivated in mass production as producer of DHA.