bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The BRIDGE HadCM3 family of climate models: HadCM3@Bristol v1.0
Authors: Valdes Paul J. , Armstrong Edward , Badger Marcus P. S. , Bradshaw Catherine D. , Bragg Fran , Crucifix Michel , Davies-Barnard Taraka , Day Jonathan J. , Farnsworth Alex , Gordon Chris , Hopcroft Peter O. , Kennedy Alan T. , Lord Natalie S. , Lunt Dan J. , Marzocchi Alice , Parry Louise M. , Pope Vicky , Roberts William H. G. , Stone Emma J. , Tourte Gregory J. L. , Williams Jonny H. T. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Understanding natural and anthropogenic climate change processes involves using computational models that represent the main components of the Earth system: the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land surface. These models have become increasingly computationally expensive as resolution is increased and more complex process representations are included. However, to gain robust insight into how climate may respond to a given forcing, and to meaningfully quantify the associated uncertainty, it is often required to use either or both ensemble approaches and very long integrations. For this reason, more computationally efficient models can be very valuable tools. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the suite of climate models based around the HadCM3 coupled general circulation model. This model was developed at the UK Met Office and has been heavily used during the last 15 years for a range of future (and past) climate change studies, but has now been largely superseded for many scientific studies by more recently developed models. However, it continues to be extensively used by various institutions, including the BRIDGE (Bristol Research Initiative for the Dynamic Global Environment) research group at the University of Bristol, who have made modest adaptations to the base HadCM3 model over time. These adaptations mean that the original documentation is not entirely representative, and several other relatively undocumented configurations are in use. We therefore describe the key features of a number of configurations of the HadCM3 climate model family, which together make up HadCM3@Bristol version 1.0. In order to differentiate variants that have undergone development at BRIDGE, we have introduced the letter B into the model nomenclature. We include descriptions of the atmosphere-only model (HadAM3B), the coupled model with a low-resolution ocean (HadCM3BL), the high-resolution atmosphere-only model (HadAM3BH), and the regional model (HadRM3B). These also include three versions of the land surface scheme. By comparing with observational datasets, we show that these models produce a good representation of many aspects of the climate system, including the land and sea surface temperatures, precipitation, ocean circulation, and vegetation. This evaluation, combined with the relatively fast computational speed (up to 1000 times faster than some CMIP6 models), motivates continued development and scientific use of the HadCM3B family of coupled climate models, predominantly for quantifying uncertainty and for long multi-millennial-scale simulations.
Examination of Longitudinal AC Breakdown Strength of Dielectric Surfaces as a function of Elastic Modulus
Authors: Kantar Emre , Hvidsten Sverre , Ildstad Erling 
Published: October 2017

This paper examines the influence of the elastic modulus of the polymer insulation on the tangential AC breakdown strength (BDS) of polymer interfaces theoretically and experimentally. In the experiments, four different materials with different elastic moduli, namely crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE), cured end product of epoxy resin (EPOXY), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and silicone rubber (SiR) were employed under various contact pressures. The BDS of each interface increased as the contact pressure was augmented. As the contact pressure became threefold, the interfacial BDS rose by a factor of 2.4, 1.7, 1.8, and 1.4 in the case of the PEEK, EPOXY, XLPE and SiR interface, in a sequence following the decrease of the elastic modulus. Under the same contact pressure, it was observed that the lower the elastic modulus, the higher the BDS. The employed contact theory also suggested a decreasing BDS as the modulus was augmented; however, the experimental results tended to deviate widely from the estimated results as the pressure was significantly increased.
DC Conductivity Measurements of LDPE: Influence of Specimen Preparation Method and Polymer Morphology
Authors: Karlsson M. , Xu Xiangdong , Gaska K. , Hillborg Henrik , Gubanski Stanislaw , Gedde U.W. 
Published: October 2017

<p>DC conductivity measurements are important for gaining fundamental understanding of conduction mechanisms of insulation materials, as well as in the development of HVDC power system components, such as extruded cable systems. In this study, the influence of sample processing on the morphology and DC conductivity of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has been studied. Direct compression moulding of LDPE pellets is commonly used in research laboratories for obtaining plaque samples, whereas extrusion is an additional commonly used technique for dispersion of particles in nanocomposites prior to the compression moulding process. In this study LDPE plaques have been obtained by either compression moulding directly from pellets, or by extrusion followed by compression moulding. The morphology obtained in the first case consisted of banded spherulites, whereas the latter method yielded a morphology of small axialites. The difference in sample processing had also an impact on the DC conductivity. The DC conductivity at 22 ­°C and 3.3 kV/mm was of the order of 4E-18 S/m for the plaques obtained by extrusion and compression moulding whereas the plaques obtained by direct compression moulding exhibited a conductivity of 1E-16 S/m. In addition, the reproducibility of the performed DC conductivity measurements was also verified in a round robin test performed between the Royal Institute of Technology and <br />Chalmers Technical University.</p>
Breakdown in short rod-plane air gaps under positive lightning impulse stress
Authors: Meyer Hans Kristian Hygen , Mauseth Frank , Husøy Martine , Pedersen Atle 
Published: October 2017

<p>Prediction of withstand voltages in air-insulated systems are made on the basis of empirical models that are not sufficiently accurate for complex geometries. Better understanding of the spatiotemporal development of electrical discharges is necessary to improve the present models. Discharges in lightning impulse stressed 20–100mm rod-plane gaps are examined using a highspeed camera, photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs) and a highbandwidth current measurement system. The images and measurements of gaps larger than 20mm show a fast initial streamer discharge with a current rise time of some tens of ns, followed by a dark period of a few μs and a propagation of a slower leader-type channel leading to breakdown. The breakdown mechanisms in the shortest gaps are faster and geometry dependent, probably occuring by heating of initial streamer channels. Different light filters used with the PMTs indicate that all parts of the leader-type discharge development emit light over a spectrum from UV to IR. The initial discharges emit low amounts of warm light and IR compared to the leader-type channel. Finally, it is suggested that empirical breakdown voltage prediction models should be interpreted in light of the leader-type breakdown mechanism.</p>
The Usage of Spatial Prepositions for Political Aspirations in the Headlines of the Nigerian Newspapers
Authors: Ibrahim Bashir , Yunus Kamariah 
Published: October 2017

The meaning varies and some headlines are messy for effective meaning and they appear so dependent in the infinite range of context, which makes it difficult for the readers to comprehend. Using document analysis approach, this paper exemplified the usage of English spatial prepositions on the headlines of the Nigerian newspapers. The study reviewed different theoretical approaches and conceptual theories used to determine the semiotic thought of the foresight in generating meaning as a system and psychological process. The findings revealed that politicians use newspapers as a model to communicate people before and after being into power. The findings further revealed that journalists adopted different systems, in the previous researches. It is recommended that emerged readers should acquire the knowledge of spatial preposition for effective meaning. The meaning varies and some headlines are messy for effective meaning and they appear so dependent in the infinite range of context, which makes it difficult for the readers to comprehend. Using document analysis approach, this paper exemplified the usage of English spatial prepositions on the headlines of the Nigerian newspapers. The study reviewed different theoretical approaches and conceptual theories used to determine the semiotic thought of the foresight in generating meaning as a system and psychological process. The findings revealed that politicians use newspapers as a model to communicate people before and after being into power. The findings further revealed that journalists adopted different systems, in the previous researches. It is recommended that emerged readers should acquire the knowledge of spatial preposition for effective meaning.
A New Method for Logistic Model Assessment
Authors: Shu Di , He Wenqing 
Published: October 2017

It is well known that the logistic model plays an important role for the analysis of binary outcomes. Most of the existing methods for the assessment of logistic models are constructed based on the distance between the observed and the predicted outcomes. We consider a new method from a different perspective by assessing the distance between two consistent estimators developed under the same logistic model form. The proposed tests are easy to implement and are applicable to both prospective and case-control studies.
En metasyntese af vejledning i læreruddannelsen i Norden
Authors: Mølgaard Dorthe Busk , Paaske Karen Anette , Frederiksen Lisbeth Lunde 
Published: October 2017

Artiklen er resultatet af en metasyntese om viden om vejledning i nordiske læreruddannelser, udarbejdet fra artikler omhandlende forsknings- og udviklingsarbejder i udvalgte databaser. Forskningsspørgsmålet: Hvilken samlet evident forsknings- og udviklingsviden findes om vejledning i nordiske læreruddannelser fra 2008 – 2014? Hvilke typer af vejledning er beskrevet i relation hertil? 9 ud af 13 artikler blev inkluderet ud fra en kvalitetsvurdering. Den fundne viden handler primært om praktikvejledning. Forskningsviden om vejledning i andre uddannelseskontekster fx karrierevejledning er nærmest fraværende. Metasyntesen viser, at det at kunne praktikvejlede til fortsat professionel udvikling kalder på flere kompetencer og viden, end aktuel praksis viser. The article is the result of a meta-syntheses about counseling in Nordic teacher education, compiled from articles dealing with research- and development work in selected databases. The research question: What kind of evident knowledge is available for counseling in Nordic teacher education from 2008-2014? Which kinds of counseling are described in relation to this? Nine out of 13 articles were assessed as being qualified. The knowledge of counseling is primarily concerning practice guidance, meanwhile research knowledge in other parts e.g. career-counseling is almost absent. The meta-syntheses shows, that continued professional development through practice guidance calls for competence and more knowledge.
Tourisme et expérience
alimentaire
Authors: BESSIÈRE Jacinthe , MOGNARD Élise , TIBÈRE Laurence 
Published: October 2017

« Tourisme gastronomique », « tourisme culinaire »,
« agritourisme »… Depuis une dizaine d’années les qualificatifs fleurissent pour
désigner l’association entre tourisme et alimentation. Cette association bien
qu’ancienne fait, plus récemment, l’objet de multiples recherches en sciences
sociales et humaines. Ces recherches centrées sur l’analyse des enjeux sociaux,
économiques ou environnementaux tentent de saisir les dimensions de l’expérience
gastronomique en vacances. Comment penser cet objet croisé, articulant fait
touristique et fait alimentaire ? À partir d’une enquête menée dans le Sud-Ouest
de la France, cet article s’intéresse à l’émergence d’un champ de recherche
situé à la croisée de la sociologie de l’alimentation et du tourisme. La
réflexion s’amorce avec l’analyse des différents statuts de l’alimentation en
vacances. Quelles motivations pèsent sur les choix alimentaires et les activités
autour de l’alimentation durant le séjour ? En quoi les modèles alimentaires des
touristes conditionnent-ils le statut de l’alimentation durant leurs vacances ?
L’article s’attache finalement à définir « le bien manger » en vacances et à
caractériser l’expérience alimentaire dans le parcours du touriste. Comment
l’alimentation s’intègre-t-elle aux différents temps des vacances, depuis les
préparatifs du voyage jusqu’au souvenir rapporté ?
Tourisme international, pauvreté et inégalités
Authors: EL MENYARI Younesse 
Published: October 2017

Cet article tente d’examiner la relation entre le développement touristique, la réduction de la pauvreté et les inégalités de revenus. Sur un échantillon de 46 pays en développement, avec un accent particulier sur les pays du Sud et de l’Est méditerranéen (PSEM) pendant la période 1980-2009, nos résultats suggèrent que le tourisme international est généralement favorable à la réduction de la pauvreté dans de nombreux pays en développement et plus particulièrement dans les PSEM qui se concentrent sur le tourisme. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance du tourisme international pour les pauvres.
СТРАТЕГИЈА ЦЕНА НА МЕЂУНАРОДНОМ ТРЖИШТУ
Authors: Ћирић Маја , Вапа Бојан 
Published: October 2017

У процесу међународног маркетинга, предузеће се налази у различитим ситуацијама које резултирају потребом за доношењем одлука о ценама. Предузеће дефинише различите одлуке о ценама праћењем динамике тржишта, интерних и екстерних фактора који утичу на доношење одлуке и праћењем својих потреба. Проблематика цена у међународном маркетингу изложена је низу изазова који се јављају услед деловања фактора међународног пословног окружења. Један део стратешких проблема политике цена је заједнички и јавља се истим интензитетом и истог или сличног профила за све учеснике на светском тржишту. Када се предузеће једном определи за одређено тржиште, тј земљу, тада мора да донесе одлуку са каквим ће ценама наступати на том тржишту. Циљ овога рада јесте да се помогне менаџерима у доношењу одлука о формирању цена на међународном тржишту. Доношење одлука о ценама у међународном маркетингу за већину предузећа није једноставно и захтева висок степен опрезности пошто је цена једини инструмент маркетинг микса који генерише добит, а сви остали инструменти су извори трошкова. Како бисмо најадекватније могли да формирамо цену, у раду ћемо се бавити стратешким проблемима цена као и методама за формиранје цена.
MARKETING KONCEPT NASTUPA REPUBLIKE SRBIJE NA EXPO 2010. U ŠANGAJU
Authors: Laketa Marko , Laketa Luka 
Published: October 2017

Pored uobičajenih komunikacijskih kanala među kompanijama i državama, Svetske izložbe predstavljaju jedan od načina savremene komunikacije. Tokom godina značaj svetskih izložbi je prerastao u grandiozne skupove, sa izuzetnim značajem za međunarodnu ekonomsku, naučnu, tehnološku i kulturnu razmenu. Ideja da se na jednom prostoru predstavi veliki broj zemalja dobijala je na svom značaju, raznolikosti i grandioznosti tokom vremena, donoseći svakom novom izložbom i nove ideje, nova tehnološka dostignuća i inovativna rešenja.Kako su Svetske izložbe rasle po broju učesnika i posetilaca, stvarale su se i nove ideje i koncepti izložbi, koje bi pokušale da pruže odgovore na probleme savremenog čoveka. Život u urbanim, prenaseljenim gradovima i pitanje boljeg života u užurbanoj gradskoj sredini, logičan je sled u evoluciji Svetskih izložbi. Prva Svetska izložba na temu grada, EXPO 2010. u Šangaju, privukla je preko 180 zemalja i gradova sveta okupljenih oko teme “Bolji grad, bolji život“. Tokom šest meseci, zemlje učesnice su na inovativan način pokušale da predstave svoje viđenje modernog grada, razmenjujući različite ideje o razvoju urbanih naselja, multikulturalnosti, nauci i tehnologiji, životu i radu u velikim metropolama. Istovremeno, razmena ideja i iskustava pokušaće da odgovori i na postavljano pitanje stvaranja kvalitetnijeg i boljeg života u današnjim gradovima. Sigurni smo da je EXPO 2010 u Šangaju, kao najveća do sad organizovana izložba, bila izuzetno i nezaboravno putovanje po svetskim metropolama.
SAVREMENI PRISTUP PLANIRANJU PROJEKATA
Authors: Lukić Slobodan 
Published: October 2017

U procesu upravljanja projektom prvi korak koji se preduzima je projektovanje odgovarajuće organizacije koja će biti zadužena za upravljanje projektom. Znači, početna faza u procesu upravljanja projektom je projektovanje jedne organizacione strukture sa svim potrebnim menadžerima i izvršiocima, čiji će zadatak biti da efikasno upravljaju projektom. U tu svrhu se koriste sve poznate organizacione metode i tehnike da bi se formirala odgovarajuća organizacija za upravljanje projektom, odnosno, koriste se prije svega poznate metode projektovanja organizacione strukture. S obzirom na izuzetan značaj koji za organizaciju za upravljanje projektom ima menadžer projekta, definisanje njegovog mjesta i uloge u tome zahtijeva korištenje suptilnih organizacionih metoda i tehnika. Isto se odnosi i na definisanje i funkcionisanje projektnog tima, koji zajedno sa menadžerom projekta permanentno radi na efikasnom vođenju projekta.Startni zadatak angažovanog menadžerskog tima čini priprema plana projekta, u čemu u praksi ima velikih lutanja koja obaraju ukupnu efikasnost projekta. U tom smislu poslednjih godina u svijetu se razvija za sada manje poznat, ali veoma efikasan sistem planiranja pojekta zasnovan na tročlanim mrežno povezanim strukturama, i to na: WBS strukturi, OBS strukturi i PBS strukturi. U radu se prikazuje takav način planiranja projekta na primjeru gradnje Hotela ‘’Srebrenica’’ u Srebrenici, sa ciljem da se on prikaže naročito investitorima i manje iskusnim projektnim menadžerima.
TEACHING BUSINESS ENGLISH – FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGE TO BASIC SKILL REQUIRED BY THE GLOBAL MARKET
Authors: Šipragić-Đokić Sanela 
Published: October 2017

Market globalization and technological advances in information technologies are the driving forces that bring about substantial and fast changes on social and economic level. Higher education is becoming globalized together with the economy. In many countries extensive curriculum reforms are taking place. Together with the curriculum, the function of education in society has been changing. In the globalized world the nature of work and the skills and knowledge required are constantly changing opening doors to a concept of life-long learning Being the most prevalent language in international business, English has become an integral and mandatory course of any business school preparing students for their future job careers. In this paper we have tried to illustrate how changes on the global social and economic level raise the demand for Business English learning at business studies imposing the need for tailor-made Business English courses. This paper highlights new methods and approaches in Business English teaching evolved to meet the needs of the different world in which global English is learnt and used.
BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA - LOKACIJA ZA STRANE INVESTITORE
Authors: Kumalić Ismet 
Published: October 2017

Sažetak: Strana ulaganja na dugi rok, na manje razvijenim tržištima, predstavljaju jedan od načina da se osigura stabilnost, privredni rast i smanji jaz u razvijenosti između zemalja. Bosna i Hercegovina je potpisivanjem Sporazuma o slobodnoj trgovini sa Turskom, Sporazuma o slobodnoj trgovini sa zemljama Centralne Evrope (CEFTA) i Sporazumom i stabilizaciji i pristupanju Evropskoj Uniji (EU), osigurala tržište za izvoz robe proizvedene u Bosni i Hercegovini bez carinskih i drugih opterećenja. Na ovaj način je osigurano tržište koje prelazi veličinu od 600 miliona stanovnika.Ulazak Hrvatske u EU dao je novi impuls investitorima da Bosnu i Hercegovinu posmatraju kao zemlju koja pruža dobru priliku za investiranje u proizvodnju za izvoz. Da li će Bosna i Hercegovina iskoristiti svoju šansu, ovisi od njene ekonomske diplomatije i sposobnosti da objasni prednost pozicije koje je osigurala potpisanim sporazumima. Primjenom i kombinaciom naučnih metoda analize i sinteze, kvantitavne i komparativne metoda i metoda deskripcije i kompilacije utvrđeno je: da je pozicija BiH u međunarodnoj razmjeni, zahvaljujući potpisanim sporazumima, predstavlja komparativnu prednost stranim investitorima za investiranje u Bosnu i Hercegovinu što za posljedicu treba da dovede do bržeg razvoja zemlje. Iznešeni rezulatati u radu su potvrdili postavljenu hipotezu da je Bosna i Hercegovina dobra lokacija za strane investitore.
Mouse spermatozoa with higher fertilization rates have thinner nuclei
Authors: Mashiko Daisuke , Ikawa Masahito , Fujimoto Koichi 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundAlthough spermatozoa with normal morphology are assumed to have uniform fertilization ability, recent data show that even normal spermatozoa have considerable variation in their head shape which is associated with differences in fertilization ability. Appropriate quantitative indicators for good sperm morphology, however, remain unidentified.MethodsTherefore, in an effort to identify such an indicator, we compared the nuclear contour of normal mouse spermatozoa by quantitative multivariate analysis using elliptic Fourier descriptors combined with principal component analysis. The spermatozoa were obtained from different strains and collection sites which have been shown to be associated with different fertilization abilities.ResultsWe found that the head was 5.7% thinner in spermatozoa from the B6D2F1 (BDF1) strain, known to have a higher fertilization rate, than in those from the C57BL/6N (B6N) strain, which has a lower fertilization rate. Moreover, zona-penetrated spermatozoa in the perivitelline space consistently had 5.4% thinner heads than those isolated from the epididymis before ejaculation. The aspect ratio, which represents the sperm head thinness, uniquely distinguished these sperm populations, confirming its validity as a morphological indicator.DiscussionBecause aspect ratio has also been shown to characterize human spermatozoa, this unique morphometric indicator might be applicable to compare normal spermatozoa among multiple patients, which will greatly facilitate and enhance current reproductive technologies.
Permeability Evolution in Variably Glassy Basaltic Andesites Measured Under Magmatic Conditions
Authors: Kushnir A. R. L. , Martel C. , Champallier R. , Wadsworth F. B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHeat from inflowing magma may act to seal permeable networks that assist passive outgassing at volcanic conduit margins and in overlying domes, reducing the efficiency of overpressure dissipation. Here we present a study of the evolution of permeability—measured under magmatic conditions—with increasing temperature in glassy and glass‐poor basaltic andesites from Merapi volcano (Indonesia). Whereas the permeability of glass‐poor rocks decreases little up to a temperature of 1,010°C, glassy specimens experience a pronounced decrease in permeability above the glass transition once the viscosity of the crystal suspension is low enough to relax under external stresses. Changes in temperature alone are thus not enough to significantly modify the permeability of the glass‐poor rocks that commonly form Merapi's dome. However, the presence of glass‐rich domains in a dome may lead to local sealing of the volcanic plumbing between eruptions, exacerbating localized overpressure development that could contribute to explosivity.