bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clinical profile of poisonous snake bite in children of North Kerala, India
Authors: K. P. Shyna , K. Sudhakaran , M. T. P. Mohammed 
Published: January 2018

Background: Snake bite is a common medical emergency and underestimated public health problem causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Poisonous snake bite is a common problem in north Kerala and a significant number of children are bitten by snakes every year. Majority of studies in this respect have been done on adult snake bite victims and only limited studies are available based on poisonous envenomation in children in our region. The clinical profile of snake bite in children can differ significantly from adult snake bite victims so study was conducted to find the clinical profile of poisonous snake bite in children less than fifteen years.Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary care academic institution located in the northern part of Kerala from December 2009 to November 2010. All children less than 15 years with poisonous snake bite were included in this study. Patients with non-poisonous bite, without signs of envenomation and with pre-existing bleeding and renal disorders were excluded.Results: There were fifty cases of poisonous snake bite and among them 76% were males and 24% were females. The highest numbers of bites (50%) occurred in the age group between 11-15 years. Maximum number of snake bite occurred during the months of June and July. The majority of the bites occurred during night between 6 pm to 9 pm (42 %). Among the identified venomous bite Viper accounted for the highest number (48%), followed by Krait (12 %) and Cobra (4%). Lower extremities were the most observed bitten part of the body (82%) and the commonest site was foot. Eighty four percentage of victims reached hospital within 6 hours of snake bite. The most common clinical manifestation was local pain (94%) followed by swelling (90%) and regional lymphadenopathy (82%). Majority had hemotoxicity (94%) and neurotoxicity (6%) was comparatively lesser in our study. Most common complication was overt bleeding manifestations (14%) followed by gangrene of bite site (8%), acute kidney injury (6%) and respiratory paralysis (2%). Thirty eight percent of cases required more than 10 vials of ASV and reaction to ASV occurred in 40% of cases. No mortality occurred during this study period.Conclusions: Poisonous snake bite is a common life threatening medical emergency in our region. Morbidity and mortality due to this can be reduced by early administration of anti-snake venom and prompt recognition and management of complications. So, prompt referral of children with poisonous snake bite to centres where facilities in managing snake bite is crucial in preventing mortality.
A study of blister beetle dermatitis
Authors: Kambil Srinath M. 
Published: January 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Blister beetle dermatitis is an irritant dermatitis caused mainly by beetles of the genus <em>Paederus</em>. It is clinically characterised by acute onset of linear erythematous plaques mainly over exposed areas like face, neck and upper limb.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Fifty four patients with blister beetle dermatitis who presented to the dermatology outpatient department over a period of three months from May 2017 to July 2017 were included in this study. The various clinical patterns of blister beetle dermatitis observed in these patients are described.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Face was the commonest site involved (48%) followed by upper limb (33%). Linear erythematous plaques with or without vesiculation were seen in 78% and kissing lesions were seen in 6 patients. Majority of patients (83%) had burning sensation at the site of the lesions and residual pigmentation was seen in 92% of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Blister beetle dermatitis is a common problem in tropical countries like India. Knowledge about the various clinical presentations will help in early diagnosis and treatment. </p>
Motion Thamrin: Language Politics and Inlander (Indigenous) Appellation for Indonesian People
Authors: Rohmadi Nazirwan , Akhyar Muhammad , Warto Warto 
Published: January 2018

Volksraad is a legislative institution that is formed by Dutch East Indies Government on May 8th, 1918. Volksraad is formed in order to achieve decentralization idea from Dutch government and to develop Dutch East Indies democratic Country. Volksraad member forms politics wings to win the voting in every making decision process. Politic wing that is represented Indonesian Nation is National Fraction. National fraction has found on January 27th, 1930 and led by Mohammad Husni Thamrin. National fraction has main purpose, that purpose is achieving Indonesian independence through the legitimate way. National fraction has member such as M. H. Thamrin (Kaum Betawi), Iskandardinata (Pasoendan), Soeroso (PVPN), Koesoemo Oetojo, Dwidjosewojo, Soekardjo Wirjopranoto, Wiwoho Poerbohadidjojo (BO), Mochtar bin Praboe Mangkoe Negara (Sumatera), Abdul Firman Gelar Maharadja Soangkoepon (Batak), and Jahja Datoek Kajo (Sumatera). Thamrin and national fraction often do not agree with Dutch East Indies Government policy that only stand to European. That policy is criticized by Thamrin and national fraction is language political policy in society and inlander (Indigenous) appiliation that humiliate Indonesian nation.
Innovative approaches on modular apparel design
Authors: Cileroglu Birsen , Nadasbas Serdar Egemen 
Published: January 2018

Within the globalized environment, the competitiveness,which expresses the talents needed for the sustainability of long term financial growth, has a crucial role affected by innovation and makes significant contributions to the development. One of the innovative methods used by enterprises to remain ahead of the game of competitiveness is mass customization(MC). MC is to change,assembleor modification of components of a product or a service according to the desires and needs of the customer. This study aims to determine how to meet the changing desires and demands of clothes with the modularity method of MC.With this respect,common modules which can be applied on different skirts and enables the changes on size&model had been designed,the specialities which models should have were determined and studies on the assembly phase had been performed.This study which was completed with the experimental design method,is important on offering new experiences to the consumers with spare modules applicable to existing clothes and meeting the demand on new products by avoiding the usage of sources on production phase.

Keywords: Mass customization, fashion, innovation, modularity, apparel design
Linguagem e sociedade contemporânea - sujeito, mídia, mercado
Authors: Payer Maria Onice 
Published: January 2018

A teoria do discurso considera que os discursos, materializados em textos que circulam nas práticas sociais, desempenham um papel fundamental na constituição do sujeito e da sociedade. Nesta perspectiva, este artigo propõe compreender a Mídia como o Texto fundamental do Mercado: um grande e disperso texto pelo qual o sujeito é constituição do sujeito em face da Instituição Religiosa na Idade Média e o Texto Jurídico (Constituição, Leis) foi base para a constituição do sujeito junto ao funcionamento do Estado na Modernidade. São analisados assim, com algum detalhamento, os processos de constituição do sujeito na sociedade contemporânea.
Foreword to the Special Issue
Authors: Burns Jane 
Published: January 2018

[first paragraph of article]This year marks the 50th anniversary of the description of the publication in Japanese of Dr. Kawasaki’s landmark series of 50 children suffering from the condition that would later bear his name (Kawasaki, 1967). The fact that Kawasaki felt the need to gather 50 subjects before publication attests to the uphill battle that he waged in getting the medical establishment in Japan to recognize that he was describing a new clinical entity (Burns et al., 2000). Kawasaki had no knowledge of the potentially dire consequences of the condition that he described, as it was not until 1970, when the Japanese Ministry of Health conducted a questionnaire survey of Japan, that the 10 deaths from acute myocardial infarction were discovered. By the time of his seminal publication in English in 1974, the complications of coronary artery vasculitis and aneurysm formation were clearly linked to the clinical illness (Kawasaki et al., 1974).
The global epidemiology of Kawasaki disease: Review and future perspectives
Authors: Lin Ming-Tai , Wu Mei-Hwan 
Published: January 2018

Kawasaki disease (KD) is one of the most common childhood vasculitides and may lead to coronary arterial complications. KD has been reported in more than 60 countries over five continents. Previous publications have provided a comprehensive description of the epidemiologic features of KD including incidence, age of onset, seasonal trends, and rates of cardiac lesions. However, the interactions among the KD patients, time (seasons) and place have been less well studied. We review the current global epidemiology of KD and focus on the longitudinal changes in incidence, seasonality and response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy.
The emergence of Kawasaki disease in India and China
Authors: Jindal Ankur Kumar , Pandiarajan Vingesh , Khubchandani Raju , Kamath Nutan , Sabui Tapas , Mondal Rakesh , Pal Priyankar , Singh Surjit 
Published: January 2018

Kawasaki disease (KD) is recognized as a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries. Although global in distribution, Japan records the highest incidence of KD in the world. Epidemiological reports from the two most populous countries in the world, namely China and India, indicate that KD is now being increasingly recognized. Whether this increased reporting is due to increased ascertainment, or is due to a true increase in incidence, remains a matter of conjecture. The diagnosis and management of KD in developing countries is a challenging proposition. In this review we highlight some of the difficulties faced by physicians in managing children with KD in resource-constrained settings.
Remote sensing observation of annual dust cycles and possible causality of Kawasaki disease outbreaks in Japan
Authors: El-Askary Hesham , LaHaye Nick , Linstead Erik , Sprigg William A , Yacoub Magdi 
Published: January 2018

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a rare vascular disease that, if left untreated, can result in irreparable cardiac damage in children. While the symptoms of KD are well-known, as are best practices for treatment, the etiology of the disease and the factors contributing to KD outbreaks remain puzzling to both medical practitioners and scientists alike. Recently, a fungus known as Candida, originating in the farmlands of China, has been blamed for outbreaks in China and Japan, with the hypothesis that it can be transported over long ranges via different wind mechanisms. This paper provides evidence to understand the transport mechanisms of dust at different geographic locations and the cause of the annual spike of KD in Japan. Candida is carried along with many other dusts, particles or aerosols, of various sizes in major seasonal wind currents. The evidence is based upon particle categorization using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Fine Mode Fraction (FMF) and Ångström Exponent (AE), the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) attenuated backscatter and aerosol subtype, and the Aerosol Robotic Network’s (AERONET) derived volume concentration. We found that seasonality associated with aerosol size distribution at different geographic locations plays a role in identifying dominant abundance at each location. Knowing the typical size of the Candida fungus, and analyzing aerosol characteristics using AERONET data reveals possible particle transport association with KD events at different locations. Thus, understanding transport mechanisms and accurate identification of aerosol sources is important in order to understand possible triggers to outbreaks of KD. This work provides future opportunities to leverage machine learning, including state-of-the-art deep architectures, to build predictive models of KD outbreaks, with the ultimate goal of early forecasting and intervention within a nascent global health early-warning system.
Incomplete Kawasaki disease in Egypt
Authors: Agha Hala M , Hamza Hala S 
Published: January 2018

[first paragraph of article]Kawasaki disease (KD) is a hybrid condition at the junction of infectious diseases, immunology, rheumatology, and cardiology.1 KD is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology predominately affecting medium-sized vessels such as the coronary arteries, which mainly affects infants and children2. The disease itself may be the characteristic manifestation of a common pathway of immune-mediated vascular inflammation in genetically susceptible hosts3. Untreated KD may lead to the formation of coronary artery aneurysms and sudden cardiac death in children. The diagnosis of KD is based on the clinical features of fever of at least 5 days together with at least 4 or 5 other features including rash, bilateral conjunctival injection, changes in peripheral extremities, lymphadenopathy and oropharyngeal changes4. The diseases that must be differentiated from KD because of similar clinical findings include viral infections (measles, adenovirus, enterovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus), scarlet fever, staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, polyarteritis nodosa, bacterial cervical lymphadenitis, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis5,6. Because each of the symptoms commonly occurs in other childhood illnesses, the disease can be difficult to diagnose, especially in children who present with an incomplete form of the disease. KD has not been previously reported from Egypt and there are special challenges in recognizing complete KD in a country where physicians have limited experience with the disease. The diagnosis of incomplete KD is thus even more challenging in this setting.
Aneurysmal coronary artery disease: An overview
Authors: ElGuindy Mohamed S , ElGuindy Ahmed M 
Published: January 2018

Aneurysmal coronary artery disease (ACAD) comprises both coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) and coronary artery ectasia (CAE). The reported prevalence of ACAD varies widely from 0.2 to 10%, with male predominance and a predilection for the right coronary artery (RCA). Atherosclerosis is the commonest cause of ACAD in adults, while Kawasaki disease is the commonest cause in children and adolescents, as well as in the Far East. Most patients are asymptomatic, but when symptoms do exist, they are usually related to myocardial ischemia. Coronary angiography is the mainstay of diagnosis, but follow up is best achieved using noninvasive imaging that does not involve exposure to radiation. The optimal management strategy in patients with ACAD remains controversial. Medical therapy is indicated for the vast majority of patients and includes antiplatelets and/or anticoagulants. Covered stents effectively limit further expansion of the affected coronary segments. Surgical ligation, resection, and coronary artery bypass grafting are appropriate for large lesions and for associated obstructive coronary artery disease.
Acute Kawasaki disease with emphasis on the echocardiographic profile: A single center experience
Authors: Hamza Hala S , Rouff Wessam A , Zaher Asmaa Z , Agha Hala M 
Published: January 2018

Background: Echocardiographic features of acute Kawasaki disease (KD) have not been well characterized in Egyptian children. This study aimed to provide insight into the pattern of cardiac involvement in Egyptian children with Kawasaki disease, focusing on echocardiographic coronary abnormalities and their associated risk predictors. Methods and Results: Medical records of 64 KD patients from 2012 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed with recalculation of coronary artery z-scores during the first eight weeks after fever onset. All patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and 57.8% were treated within 10 days of illness onset. Coronary abnormalities were found in 53.1% of all patients, and in 43.2% of those who received IVIG within 10 days. Giant aneurysms (z-score>10) comprised 23.5% of all coronary abnormalities. Coronary thrombosis occurred in two patients (5%), both of whom developed myocardial infarction, and one succumbed to heart failure with eventual in-hospital death. Overall, 7% of patients had mitral regurgitation (n = 5), 1.5% had aortic regurgitation (n = 1), and 7.8% had pericardial effusion (n = 5). Among a number of laboratory and clinical predictors, platelet count had the strongest association with coronary abnormalities (Area under Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve: 0.794; 95% confidence interval 0.678–0.910; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Coronary abnormalities occur in a substantial percentage of KD in Egypt, with associated evidence of severe inflammation. Further efforts are required to increase awareness of the disease and to emphasize the importance of early IVIG administration. Future studies should also be undertaken to characterize the long term progression profile of the disease as well as the possible genetic background of the disease in Egypt.
Computed tomography coronary angiography is the way forward for evaluation of children with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Singhal Manphool , Gupta Pankaj , Singh Surjit , Khandelwal Niranjan 
Published: January 2018

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute idiopathic vasculitis affecting infants and children. Coronary artery abnormalities and myocarditis are the major cardiovascular complications of KD. Coronary artery abnormalities develop in 15–25% of untreated KD. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography has hitherto been considered the modality of choice for evaluation of children with KD. There are, however, several limitations inherent to echocardiography - including limited evaluation of distal vessels, left circumflex artery and poor acoustic window in growing children. Catheter angiography is the gold standard for evaluation of coronary artery abnormalities in older children and adults; however it also has inherent limitations - including complications related to its invasive nature, higher radiation exposure, and inability to evaluate intramural abnormalities. Thus serial invasive coronary angiography studies are not feasible in children. There have been major advances in computed tomography (CT) coronary imaging so that it is now possible to delineate the coronary artery anatomy with higher temporal resolution and motion-free images at all heart rates with acceptable radiation exposure. There is, however, a paucity of literature with regard to the use of this technique in children with KD. In this review, we discuss the application of computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) in children with KD with special reference to strategies aimed at reducing the effective radiation dose.
Frequently asked questions regarding treatment of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Burns Jane C 
Published: January 2018

[first paragraph of article]The mainstay of therapy for acute Kawasaki disease (KD) is intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), which was first described in a case series from Japan and later proven through a nationwide clinical trial in the U.S. published in 1986. Since completion of the initial clinical trials, many questions have arisen regarding the nuances of KD treatment. In the absence of an evidence base, what follows is an attempt to devise rational responses to these questions that draw upon common sense and the personal experience of this author.
EFFECT OF 2% CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE ON THE DEGRADATION OF RESINCOMPOSITE–DENTIN BOND STRENGTH WHEN USING SELF-ETCH ADHESIVE SYSTEMS
Authors: Puspitasari Dewi , Herda Ellyza , Soufyan Andi 
Published: January 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) on the degradation of composite resin–dentin bond strength when using self-etch adhesive systems.Methods: CHX (2%) was applied before application of two-step self-etch (TSC) and one-step self-etch (OSC) adhesive. Resin composite was applied incrementally. Specimens from the degradation treatment group were immersed in 10% NaOCl for 1 h. Shear bond strength was tested with a universal testing machine and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s T3 post-hoc test. The composite resin–dentin bonds were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).Results: In the treatment group without 10% NaOCl, shear bond strength values were higher in the 2% CHX-treated group (TSC 11.67±1.76 MPa and OSC 10.19±1.44 MPa) than in the untreated group (TSC 10.93±1.31MPa and OSC 9.97±1.41 MPa), although this difference was not statistically significant. In samples exposed to10% NaOCl, shear bond strength values were higher in the 2% CHX-treated group (TSC 11.14±1.22 MPa and OSC 9.95±1.21 MPa) than in the untreated group (TSC 10.08±0.45 MPa and OSC 8.62±0.85 MPa), although this difference was not statistically significant. The SEM of samples from the 2% CHX-treated group showed less degradation than samples from the untreated group did.Conclusion: Application of 2% CHX may decrease the degradation of the resin composite-dentin bond.
THE POTENTIAL OF SEVERAL FLUORIDE-BASED VARNISHES AS REMINERALIZATION AGENTS: MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES, DENTIN SURFACE HARDNESS, AND CRYSTALLINITY TESTS
Authors: Soekanto Sri Angky , Fadillah Fadiza , Nuraisiya Putri , Gultom Ferry , Sarwono Agoeng T 
Published: January 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the effects of several fluoride-based varnishes: Sodium diamine fluoride (SDF), nanosilver fluoride (NSF), and propolis fluoride (PPF). Fluoride-based varnish is proven to remineralize and arrest caries progression with minimal side effects. SDF, the gold standard for this study, compared to NSF and PPF to observe the dentin morphology, hardness, and crystallinity test.Methods: Dentin blocks were allocated and divided into control groups and treatment groups with SDF (38%), NSF (3.16%, 3.66%, and 4.16%), and PPF (3%, 6%, and 10%). The dentin discs were demineralized using a demineralization solution (pH 4.4) for 96 h. Each dentin disc in the treatment group received a topical application of various fluoride-based varnishes and was then subjected to pH cycling for 8 days. The surface morphology of dentin was observed by a scanning electron micrograph (SEM), dentin hardness was analyzed by a Vickers microhardness tester, and the crystal characteristics of dentin blocks were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD).Results: This study showed crystal fluorapatite on the dentin surface of SDF and NSF. There was an amorphous layer on the dentin surface of PPF (10%) detected when using SEM. The Vickers hardness number of dentin increased after the application of SDF, NSF, and PPF. XRD revealed precipitates of apatite compounds, calcium compounds, and metal compounds in the treatment groups in higher concentrations than in the control (demineralized) group.Conclusion: It was concluded that SDF, NSF, and PPF were effective for dentin remineralization. Hence, NSF and PPF fluoride-based varnishes are promising as anticariogenic agents.