bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of trunk muscle activity for modified plank exercise: A preliminary study
Authors: Lee Donggeon , Lee Yunbok , Cho Hwi-Young , Lee Kyeong-Bong , Hong Soungkyun , Pyo Seunghyeon , Lee Gyuchang 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND: Plank exercise is one of the most popular methods of exercise for strengthening the trunk muscles. However, many individuals might have some difficulty performing this exercise. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify trunk muscle activation with postural changes and the use of dynamic cushion during a traditional plank exercise in order to propose a set of exercise levels according to exercise performance ability. METHODS: Seven participants were asked to perform the traditional plank exercise (TPE), a modified plank exercise (MPE), an unstable traditional plank exercise (UTPE), and an unstable modified plank exercise (UMPE). The UTPE and UMPE use a dynamic cushion to simulate an unstable surface. Surface EMG of the ractus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO) and erector spinae (ES) was recorded while participants were engaged in these exercises. The plank exercises were performed for ten seconds with a ten-minute break between each posture. RESULTS: Comparing the measurement results from the four postures, significant differences were observed in the RA and EO ([Formula: see text] 0.05) which were found to be significantly different during the UTPE than during the MPE and UMPE ([Formula: see text] 0.05), while TPE showed a significant difference only in the left EO muscle activation ([Formula: see text] 0.05). In terms of the right RA and the left EO, a significant difference was observed only with respect to MPE ([Formula: see text] 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study may be used as a basis to arrange the order of exercise, based on the level of muscle activation appropriate for the participant’s exercising ability. Individuals who have difficulty performing the TPE, may first perform the MPE and the UMPE.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Study of Oral ELND005 (scyllo-Inositol) in Young Adults with Down Syndrome without Dementia
Authors: Rafii Michael S. , Skotko Brian G. , McDonough Mary Ellen , Pulsifer Margaret , Evans Casey , Doran Eric , Muranevici Gabriela , Kesslak Patrick , Abushakra Susan , Lott Ira T. ,   for the ELND005-DS Study Group
Published: April 2017

Background: ELND005 ( scyllo-Inositol; cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol) has been evaluated as a potential disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased risk for developing AD dementia. Objective: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of ELND005 and to determine its pharmacokinetics (PK) and relationship between PK parameters, safety outcome measures, and exploratory efficacy outcome measures in young adults with DS without dementia. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, three-arm, multicenter Phase II study of the safety and pharmacokinetics of ELND005 administered orally for 4 weeks (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01791725). Participants who met study eligibility criteria were randomly assigned in a 2 : 1:1 ratio to receive ELND005 at either 250 mg twice daily (BID) or 250 mg once daily (QD) or matching placebo for 4 weeks. Results: There were no apparent treatment group-related trends on cognitive or behavioral measures and there were no SAEs and no deaths in the study. Overall, mean changes from baseline in clinical laboratory parameters, vital sign measurements, electrocardiogram results, and other physical findings were unremarkable. ELND005 accumulation averaged approximately 2-fold with QD dosing, and 3- to 4-fold with BID dosing. Conclusion: Overall, treatment of adults with DS with ELND005 at both doses was well tolerated, achieved measurable blood levels and demonstrated no safety findings. Further studies will be needed to test efficacy.
Emergency diagnosis of cancer and previous general practice consultations: insights from linked patient survey data
Authors: Abel Gary A , Mendonca Silvia C , McPhail Sean , Zhou Yin , Elliss-Brookes Lucy , Lyratzopoulos Georgios 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundEmergency diagnosis of cancer is common and aetiologically complex. The proportion of emergency presenters who have consulted previously with relevant symptoms is uncertain.AimTo examine how many patients with cancer, who were diagnosed as emergencies, have had previous primary care consultations with relevant symptoms; and among those, to examine how many had multiple consultations.Design and settingSecondary analysis of patient survey data from the 2010 English Cancer Patient Experience Survey (CPES), previously linked to population-based data on diagnostic route.MethodFor emergency presenters with 18 different cancers, associations were examined for two outcomes (prior GP consultation status; and ‘three or more consultations’ among prior consultees) using logistic regression.ResultsAmong 4647 emergency presenters, 1349 (29%) reported no prior consultations, being more common in males (32% versus 25% in females, P<0.001), older (44% in ≥85 versus 30% in 65–74-year-olds, P<0.001), and the most deprived (35% versus 25% least deprived, P = 0.001) patients; and highest/lowest for patients with brain cancer (46%) and mesothelioma (13%), respectively (P<0.001 for overall variation by cancer site). Among 3298 emergency presenters with prior consultations, 1356 (41%) had three or more consultations, which were more likely in females (P<0.001), younger (P<0.001), and non-white patients (P = 0.017) and those with multiple myeloma, and least likely for patients with leukaemia (P<0.001).ConclusionContrary to suggestions that emergency presentations represent missed diagnoses, about one-third of emergency presenters (particularly those in older and more deprived groups) have no prior GP consultations. Furthermore, only about one-third report multiple (three or more) consultations, which are more likely in ‘harder-to-suspect’ groups.
Certains aspects sociolinguistiques des parlers créoles français aux Antilles [Some sociolinguistic aspects of French Creole languages in the Antilles]
Authors: Valdman Albert 
Published: April 2017

This article deals centrally with the role that creole languages can be expected to play in four West Indian territories : The Dutch Antilles, Guadeloupe, Saint-Lucia and Haiti.
Creole languages are defined on the basis of their origin from a pidginized variety of a West-European language in a situation of language contact and from their current socio-linguistic status in communities where they are spoken. While creole languages share with substandard varieties of such languages of culture as French or English an inferior status vis-à-vis the standard dialect, they can be distinguished from substandard varieties by the special circumstances of their genesis.
Can a creole language attain a status equal to that of the official language with which it coexists today ? To answer this question for the four territories selected, four sets of criteria are posited : (1) Intensity of use of the Creole as reflected by the percentage of speakers ; (2) attitude of authorities — proscription or toleration ; (3) attitude of monolingual speakers and members of the bilingual elite toward the creole and degree of loyalty toward the creole and the official language ; (4) absence of a linguistic gradient between the creole and the official language. These criteria make possible predictions about the amount of language engineering undertaken in behalf of the creole, and it comes as no surprise that only in the Dutch Antilles and Haiti have the creole languages been endowed with a relatively stable orthography, for instance.
Because of economic conditions that result in very low percentages of school attendance by children and, consequently, in a high proportion of creole monolinguals, it is only in Haiti that the creole may be expected to displace, or at least attain equal status with, the official language, French. But this new role will require, in addition to recognition of Haitian Creole as an official language and normalization of the orthography, extensive standardization. The establishment of a standard norm will require more rigorous observation of the sociolinguistic setting of creole in Haiti and of the attitude of various types of speakers toward geographical and social dialects.
Acculturation, aliénation ethnique et dégénérescence patoisante dans une situation ancienne de contacts linguistiques : questions de méthode [Acculturation, ethnical alienation and dialectal degeneration in situations of linguistic contacts : methodological questions]
Authors: Lafont Robert 
Published: April 2017

The above study deals with a well-defined field, viz, occitan linguistic studies. However, by building on some of the conclusions arrived at, it will undoubtedly be possible to make general statements, as the article deals with phenomena which are already familiar, namely, diglossia with bilingualism (from J. A. Fishman's classification). A careful analysis of the facts nevertheless reveals a mixed, complex structure, of a type not completely alien to bilingualism.
The method proposed by the author is not only to study speech (rather than lexicon) but also to place phenomena back in their social context. We have, on the one hand, to analyse these phenomena from a diachronic viewpoint, and, on the other, to interpret them in terms of the rule which inevitably constitues the framework behind the speaker's acculturation and ethnic alienation. Though contradictory at first sight, various phenomena can be seen to be consistent when brought into contact with others that are not on the same hierarchical plane, when one comes to consider various levels of culture. These facts prove that the present-day diglossia situation is tending to shift towards bilingualism.
Mariages mixtes, sexualité, préjugés [Mixed marriages, sexuality, prejudice]
Authors: Krzywkowski Dominique , Djaoui Élian 
Published: April 2017

The introduction contains preliminary information necessary for the study of mixed marriages, along with the thesis that the concept of mixed marriages requires an epistemological approach. A model for representing the phenomenon is then formulated, the elements of which help to redefine the premises of the problem. The result of the analysis is that the concept of mixed marriages no longer corresponds to a condensed heterogeneity but to a scattered homogeneity showing adaptation.
Experimental validation will test this assumption upon a typology representing the proba-lities of mixity of the couples. This research will result not in a model of representation but a model of knowledge, a model not yet completed.
Formation and Eruption Process of a Filament in Active Region NOAA 12241
Authors: Wang Jincheng , Yan Xiaoli , Qu ZhongQuan , Xue Zhike , Yang Liheng 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In order to better understand active-region filaments, we present an intensive study on the formation and eruption of a filament in active region NOAA 12241 during the period from 2014 December 18 to 19. Using observations from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) vector magnetograms, we investigate the helicity injection rate, Lorentz force, and vertical electric current in the entire region associated with the filament. The helicity injection rate before eruption is found to be larger than that after eruption, while the vertical electric current undergoes an increase at first and then a gradual decrease, similar to what the magnetic flux undergoes. Meanwhile, we find that the right part of the filament is formed by magnetic reconnection between two bundles of magnetic field lines while the left part originated from shearing motion. The interaction of the two parts causes the eruption of this filament. The mean horizontal magnetic fields in the vicinity of the magnetic polarity inversion line (PIL) enhance rapidly during the eruption. Another striking phenomenon, where the vertical electric currents close to the magnetic PIL suddenly expand toward two sides during the eruption, is found. We propose that this fascinating feature is associated with the release of energy during the eruption.
Consultations espacées
Authors: Guittard-Maury Marie-Françoise 
Published: April 2017

Les consultations espacées de jeunes adultes s’inscrivent-elles dans le champ de la psychanalyse ? Engagent-elles déjà le jeu des transferts et des contre-transferts ? Qu’en est-il du renoncement de l’analyste à transformer ce traitement en une cure analytique ? Dans la lignée des Études sur l’hystérie de Freud, ces « entretiens » requièrent et suscitent de part et d’autre un véritable travail de sublimation, et se profilent ainsi comme une succession de micro-analyses.
Repères pour l’approche de l’énoncé dans les traditions linguistiques
Authors: Raby Valérie , Chevillard Jean-Luc , David Hugo , de Vogüé Sarah , Guillaume Jean-Patrick , Lallot Jean 
Published: April 2017

Cette introduction collective rassemble les grands traits de l’histoire de la réflexion sur l’énoncé dans cinq aires culturelles majeures pour l’élaboration des savoirs métalinguistiques : les traditions sanskrite, tamoule, grecque, latine, arabe et française. Il est évident que les cadres interprétatifs et les enjeux de connaissance mobilisés par l’étude des séquences linguistiques perçues comme porteuses de signification, supérieures au mot, et formant une unité de la communication, diffèrent sensiblement selon les traditions et les périodes considérées. Cependant, on peut identifier plusieurs points de croisement de ces différentes lignes d’histoire, en envisageant successivement les lieux d’élaboration des savoirs sur l’énoncé, les caractéristiques du métalangage utilisé et la récurrence de certaines difficultés d’analyse.
Downregulation of miR-200a-3p, Targeting CtBP2 Complex, Is Involved in the Hypoproduction of IL-2 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus–Derived T Cells
Authors: Katsuyama Eri , Yan Minglu , Watanabe Katsue Sunahori , Matsushima Syun , Yamamura Yuriko , Hiramatsu Sumie , Ohashi Keiji , Watanabe Haruki , Katsuyama Takayuki , Zeggar Sonia , Yoshida Nobuya , Moulton Vaishali R. , Tsokos George C. , Sada Ken-Ei , Wada Jun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) damages multiple organs by producing various autoantibodies. In this study, we report that decreased microRNA (miR)-200a-3p causes IL-2 hypoproduction through zinc finger E-box binding homeobox (ZEB)1 and C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2) in a lupus-prone mouse. First, we performed RNA sequencing to identify candidate microRNAs and mRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. We found that miR-200a-3p was significantly downregulated, whereas its putative targets, ZEB2 and CtBP2, were upregulated in CD4+ T cells from MRL/lpr-Tnfrsf6lpr mice compared with C57BL/6J mice. ZEB1 and ZEB2 comprise the ZEB family and suppress various genes, including IL-2 by recruiting CtBP2. IL-2 plays a critical role in immune tolerance, and insufficient IL-2 production upon stimulation has been recognized in SLE pathogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that decreased miR-200a-3p causes IL-2 deficit through the ZEB1–CtBP2 and/or ZEB2–CtBP2 complex in SLE CD4+ T cells. Overexpression of miR-200a-3p induced IL-2 production by downregulating ZEB1, ZEB2, and CtBP2 in EL4 cell lines. We further revealed that miR-200a-3p promotes IL-2 expression by reducing the binding of suppressive ZEB1–CtBP2 and ZEB2–CtBP2 complexes on negative regulatory element A in the IL-2 promoter in EL4 cells. Interestingly, the ZEB1–CtBP2 complex on negative regulatory element A was significantly upregulated after PMA/ionomycin stimulation in lupus CD4+ T cells. Our studies have revealed a new epigenetic pathway in the control of IL-2 production in SLE whereby low levels of miR-200a-3p accumulate the binding of the ZEB1–CtBP2 complex to the IL-2 promoter and suppress IL-2 production.
Practical theology ‘[<i>re</i>]entering vernacular culture?’ New frontiers and challenges to doing theology as life goes on
Authors: Hendriks Hans J. 
Published: April 2017

This article critically discusses the necessity for (practical) theology to transform. Taking as a point of departure church historian Andrew Walls’ remark: ‘Christian faith must go on being translated, must continuously enter into the vernacular culture and interact with it, or it withers and fades’, examples from ministry are discussed, specifically from the Dutch Reformed Church. These examples reveal the inability or ability of faith communities to enter vernacular culture and to interact with it. Historical cycles of church growth and decline as outlined by Phyllis Tickle are used to explain the concepts of entering and interacting vernacular culture, and consequently, what it means to ‘do theology as life goes on’. The latter refers to more than a rationally controlled process as it is also intimately connected with issues of identity, understanding of the missio Dei and a way of life and discernment that flows from being actively involved in life.
La tensión centro-periferia en la producción del campo de la comunicación política. El caso mexicano
Authors: Rodríguez-Estrada Alejandra , Meyer José Antonio , Echeverría Victoria Martín 
Published: April 2017

Las características de desarrollo de cada país y la producción en un campo científico como el de la comunicación política en México, son una oportunidad para situar las tendencias de productividad científica en dicho campo. Metodología. En un diseño exploratorio, se analizaron 104 artículos que hicieran referencia al fenómeno de la comunicación política en México, con la finalidad de observar cómo se ha dado la producción en un periodo, puesto en referencia con la producción mundial del mismo objeto de estudio. Resultados y conclusiones. Se encontró que las tendencias de producción no logran estructurar un campo consolidado, y por ello mismo, se van orientando más a la periferia de la producción científica global.
Seismo-ionospheric anomalies in ionospheric TEC and plasma density before the 17 July 2006 &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;7.7 south of Java earthquake
Authors: Tao Dan , Cao Jinbin , Battiston Roberto , Li Liuyuan , Ma Yuduan , Liu Wenlong , Zhima Zeren , Wang Lanwei , Dunlop Malcolm Wray 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. In this paper, we report significant evidence for preseismic ionospheric anomalies in total electron content (TEC) of the global ionosphere map (GIM) and plasma density appearing on day 2 before the 17 July 2006 M7.7 south of Java earthquake. After distinguishing other anomalies related to the geomagnetic activities, we found a temporal precursor around the epicenter on day 2 before the earthquake (15 July 2006), which agrees well with the spatial variations in latitude–longitude–time (LLT) maps. Meanwhile, the sequences of latitude–time–TEC (LTT) plots reveal that the TECs on epicenter side anomalously decrease and lead to an anomalous asymmetric structure with respect to the magnetic equator in the daytime from day 2 before the earthquake. This anomalous asymmetric structure disappears after the earthquake. To further confirm these anomalies, we studied the plasma data from DEMETER satellite in the earthquake preparation zone (2046.4 km in radius) during the period from day 45 before to day 10 after the earthquake, and also found that the densities of both electron and total ion in the daytime significantly increase on day 2 before the earthquake. Very interestingly, O+ density increases significantly and H+ density decreases, while He+ remains relatively stable. These results indicate that there exists a distinct preseismic signal (preseismic ionospheric anomaly) over the epicenter.
Reconstructions of the 1900–2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model
Authors: Fettweis Xavier , Box Jason E. , Agosta Cécile , Amory Charles , Kittel Christoph , Lang Charlotte , van As Dirk , Machguth Horst , Gallée Hubert 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. With the aim of studying the recent Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) surface mass balance (SMB) decrease relative to the last century, we have forced the regional climate MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional; version 3.5.2) model with the ERA-Interim (ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis; 1979–2015), ERA-40 (1958–2001), NCEP–NCARv1 (National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis version 1; 1948–2015), NCEP–NCARv2 (1979–2015), JRA-55 (Japanese 55-year Reanalysis; 1958–2014), 20CRv2(c) (Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 2; 1900–2014) and ERA-20C (1900–2010) reanalyses. While all these forcing products are reanalyses that are assumed to represent the same climate, they produce significant differences in the MAR-simulated SMB over their common period. A temperature adjustment of +1 °C (respectively −1 °C) was, for example, needed at the MAR boundaries with ERA-20C (20CRv2) reanalysis, given that ERA-20C (20CRv2) is ∼ 1 °C colder (warmer) than ERA-Interim over Greenland during the period 1980–2010. Comparisons with daily PROMICE (Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet) near-surface observations support these adjustments. Comparisons with SMB measurements, ice cores and satellite-derived melt extent reveal the most accurate forcing datasets for the simulation of the GrIS SMB to be ERA-Interim and NCEP–NCARv1. However, some biases remain in MAR, suggesting that some improvements are still needed in its cloudiness and radiative schemes as well as in the representation of the bare ice albedo. Results from all MAR simulations indicate that (i) the period 1961–1990, commonly chosen as a stable reference period for Greenland SMB and ice dynamics, is actually a period of anomalously positive SMB (∼ +40 Gt yr−1) compared to 1900–2010; (ii) SMB has decreased significantly after this reference period due to increasing and unprecedented melt reaching the highest rates in the 120-year common period; (iii) before 1960, both ERA-20C and 20CRv2-forced MAR simulations suggest a significant precipitation increase over 1900–1950, but this increase could be the result of an artefact in the reanalyses that are not well-enough constrained by observations during this period and (iv) since the 1980s, snowfall is quite stable after having reached a maximum in the 1970s. These MAR-based SMB and accumulation reconstructions are, however, quite similar to those from Box (2013) after 1930 and confirm that SMB was quite stable from the 1940s to the 1990s. Finally, only the ERA-20C-forced simulation suggests that SMB during the 1920–1930 warm period over Greenland was comparable to the SMB of the 2000s, due to both higher melt and lower precipitation than normal.