bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infant Co‐Bedding: Practices and Teaching Strategies
Authors: Cullen Deborah , Vodde Cassandra R. , Williams Katherine J. , Stiffler Deborah , Luna Gaye 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeStudies show that co‐bedding is a common cause of death in babies. The purpose of this study is to identify teaching strategies that can be used to increase safe sleep practices.Design and MethodsA rigorous systematic literature search identified articles that expressed ways in which to provide co‐bedding teaching or provided recommended approaches to educating mothers and families about co‐bedding risks. NOTARI software, from OVID Tools, was used to appraise articles, extract data, and thematically organize the findings, resulting in meta‐aggregation.ResultsTwo major findings were synthesized from four categories. First, co‐bedding occurred despite knowing risks and having received teaching. Second, families should receive co‐bedding messages tailored to their specific circumstances and risks.Practice ImplicationsFindings showed that the lack of dialogue in co‐bedding teaching often deters caregivers and families from seeking further education or consultation. Nurses need to ensure that safe sleep practices are taught and that the material provided pertains to the caregiver's specific cultural and familial situation.
Making the case for looking beyond WHO estimates for the global burden of hepatitis C and B
Authors: Razavi H. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe article by Basnayake and Easterbrook on variation of global estimates for HBV, HCV and HIV co‐infection is a comprehensive study of cited World Health Organization (WHO) estimates in the literature between 2010 and 2014. The authors reviewed 488 articles published during this period and showed that a wide range of estimates have been quoted using different WHO estimates, and they attempt to set the record straight by listing the most recent/appropriate WHO estimates that should be used going forward.
Percutaneous Ultrasound‐guided Cholecystocentesis and Bile Analysis for the Detection ofPlatynosomumspp.‐Induced Cholangitis in Cats
Authors: Köster L. , Shell L. , Illanes O. , Lathroum C. , Neuville K. , Ketzis J. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundExamination of bile could be useful to diagnosePlatynosomumspp.‐induced cholangitis in cats. Obtaining bile via percutaneous ultrasound‐guided cholecystocentesis (PUC) is possible but raises safety concerns in cats with severe cholecystitis.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to investigate the use ofPUCto collect bile samples from cats with known platynosomosis and to determine if bile analysis could be a diagnostic test.AnimalsTwenty‐seven free‐roaming cats positive forPlatynosomumspp. eggs via fecal examination.MethodsIn this prospective study, fecal egg counts were performed by double centrifugation with Sheather's solution. Bile was collected usingPUCfrom anesthetized cats. Egg counts in bile were performed with a stereoscope. Euthanasia and postmortem examination were performed immediately afterPUC.ResultsAll cats had ultrasound (US) evidence of cholangitis or cholecystitis. Thirty‐ninePUCs were performed with 14 cats having 2PUCs 12 or 24 days apart. Postmortem examinations showed no overt gallbladder damage or leakage but fresh blood was noted in the gallbladder lumen of 3 cats. MedianPlatynosomumspp. egg counts were higher in bile (1450 eggs/mL;IQR, 400; 5138 eggs/mL) as compared to feces (46 eggs/mL;IQR, 10; 107 eggs/mL) (P< .001).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceBile egg count analysis is an alternative method with higher egg counts as compared to fecal egg count analysis for the diagnosis of platynosomosis. Obtaining bile viaUSguidance is technically feasible and safe in cats with cholangitis/cholecystitis. Cholecystocentesis and bile analysis are especially relevant for those cats with chronic cholangitis/cholecystitis and negative fecal egg counts forPlatynosomum.
Effect of Varying Carbohydrate Fractions on Growth, Body Composition, Metabolic, and Hormonal Indices in Juvenile Black Carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus
Authors: Wu Chenglong , Ye Jinyun , Gao Jun'e , Yang Xia , Zhang Yixiang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of varying carbohydrate (CHO) fractions on growth, body composition, metabolic, and hormonal indices in juvenile black carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus. Juvenile black carp, M. piceus (average weight: 1.5 ± 0.05 g) were fed with graded levels of dietary available CHO (0.06, 10.65, 19.43, 28.84, 37.91, and 47.38%) for 9 wk, respectively. Results showed that the highest weight gain could be obtained at 24.98% dietary CHO using second‐order polynomial regression model; and optimal dietary available CHO content (28.84%) could significantly increase the final body weight and the protein efficiency ratio (PER) while reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). Dietary available CHO could gradually increase the hepatosomatic index, the crude lipid contents in the whole body and the glucose and triglyceride content in the plasma. The activities of glycolysis enzymes and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase could be increased with increasing dietary available CHO. The activities of glucose‐6‐phosphatase and fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase were firstly decreased at 10.65% dietary available CHO and increased to stable level at 19.43% dietary available CHO. In addition, both 19.43 and 28.84% dietary available CHO could increase the adiponectin contents in the plasma of black carp, M. piceus. Meanwhile, both 19.43 and 28.84% dietary available CHO could significantly increase the mRNA expression levels of growth hormone, insulin, ghrelin, neuropeptide Y, somatostatin I, and somatostatin II in juvenile black carp, M. piceus, compared with the CHO‐deficient diet (0.06%). These results suggest that optimal inclusion of dietary CHO fractions (19.43–28.84%) could improve metabolic homeostasis and promote growth and feed efficiency in juvenile black carp, M. piceus.
Protective Effect of Emodin against Hyperthermia‐induced Stress in Hepatic Cells of Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus
Authors: Liu Bo , Cui Yanting , Brown Paul B. , Xu Pao , Wang Aiming , Xie Jun , Ge Xianping 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEmodin is an anthraquinone exhibiting several positive benefits of anti‐inflammatory, free radical scavenging, and resistance to stress. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of emodin on the hepatic cell line of grass carp exposed to hyperthermic stress. Cultured cells were treated with various emodin concentrations (0, 0.04, 0.2, and 1.0 µg/mL) at 27 C for 24 h. Then all cultured cells were exposed to thermal stress by increasing the culture temperature (32 ± 0.5 C) for 0.5 h. Increased temperatures significantly reduced cell viability and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in three of the four experimental groups (0, 0.2, and 1 µg/mL emodin) compared with the control. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly higher in cells exposed to elevated temperatures and treated with 0.2 or 1 µg/mL emodin and mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly lower in cells treated with 0, 0.2, or 1 µg/mL emodin. Expressions of heat shock proteins (HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90) were significantly higher in all but one of the experimental groups. Our results suggest that 0.04 µg/mL emodin can increase cell viability and HSP90 mRNA level, reduce LDH release and concentration of ROS, and contribute to enhance the resistance to high temperature stress in the hepatic cells of grass carp.
Some Limiting Factors in Superintensive Production of Juvenile Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in No‐water‐exchange, Biofloc‐dominated Systems
Authors: Prangnell David I. , Castro Leandro F. , Ali Abdulmehdi S. , Browdy Craig L. , Zimba Paul V. , Laramore Susan E. , Samocha Tzachi M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSuperintensive shrimp culture in zero‐exchange, biofloc‐dominated production systems is more biosecure and sustainable than traditional shrimp farming practices. However, successful application of this technology depends upon optimizing dietary formulations, controlling Vibrio outbreaks, and managing accumulative changes in water quality and composition. A 49‐d study investigated the effect of two commercial feeds of differing protein content and an indoor limited‐exchange, biofloc‐dominated culture environment on Litopenaeus vannamei performance and tissue composition, water quality and ionic composition, and Vibrio dynamics. Juveniles (5.3 g) were stocked at 457/m3 into four 40 m3 shallow raceways containing biofloc‐dominated water and fed one of two commercial feeds with differing protein content, 35 or 40%. Shrimp performance, Vibrio populations, and changes in shrimp and culture water composition were monitored. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in shrimp performance (survival, weight, growth, specific growth rate, total biomass, yield, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio) or proximate composition between feed types. The 40% protein feed resulted in higher culture water nitrate and phosphate concentrations, alkalinity consumption and bicarbonate use, and higher phytoplankton density. The presence of Vibrio, specifically Vibrio parahaemolyticus, reduced shrimp survival. This survival decrease corresponded with increased culture water Vibrio concentrations. Culture water K+ and Mg2+ increased significantly (P < 0.05), and Sr2+, Br−, and Cl− decreased significantly (P < 0.05) over time. While Cu2+ and Zn2+ did increase in shrimp tissue, no heavy metals accumulated to problematic levels in culture water or shrimp tissue. These results demonstrate the importance of monitoring Vibrio populations and ionic composition in limited‐exchange shrimp culture systems.
Effects of Anesthetic Disposal on the Physiological and Behavioral Responses of the Lined Seahorses, Hippocampus erectus
Authors: Qin Geng , Zhang Yanhong , Wang Xin , Lin Qiang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAnesthetic disposal for fish often results in physiological and behavioral responses. There is limited information involved on the metabolic and behavioral responses of the seahorses. The lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus, is of great interest in the sciences because of its unusual S‐shaped morphology and male pregnancy behavior. This study found that the lined seahorse could be effectively anesthetized into Stage II at the concentrations of 10 mg/L clove oil or 20 mg/L MS‐222 based on the comparison of six different treatments. The ventilation frequency, oxygen consumption, and ammonia‐N excretion of the seahorses were decreased significantly as soon as they were exposed to the anesthetic agents. A higher O : N ratio was found in seahorses anesthetized by clove oil as compared to those exposed to MS‐222. After the anesthetic treatment, the feeding frequencies of recovered seahorses were low at the beginning and then increased during the 7‐d culture. Moreover, there was no incremental difference of wet weights among the tested seahorses (P = 0.534). The findings indicate that the anesthetic process has few effects on the feeding and short‐term growth of seahorses in spite of the occurrence of physiological and behavioral responses.
Aquaculture Techniques for Crappie, Pomoxis spp., Culture
Authors: Culpepper Charlie M. , Allen Peter J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractExtensive crappie, Pomoxis spp., culture has been practiced for decades, however, knowledge of crappie aquaculture methods is limited. The following review synthesizes existing research on crappie aquaculture and identifies knowledge gaps where further research is needed. Topics such as life history, tank culture, feeding, reproduction and spawning, larval rearing, transport and harvest, triploidy, hybridization, and out‐of‐season spawning were reviewed. The outcome is a better understanding of hindrances preventing crappie aquaculture development in the past, particularly tank culture and induced spawning techniques, and specific research objectives with potential to enhance recreational and commercial production.
Cost‐effectiveness of quantitative hepatitis B virus surface antigen testing in pregnancy in predicting vertical transmission risk
Authors: Samadi Kochaksaraei Golasa , Congly Stephen E. , Matwiy Trudy , Castillo Eliana , Martin Steven R. , Charlton Carmen L. , Coffin Carla S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsVertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) can occur despite immunoprophylaxis in mothers with high HBV DNA levels (>5–7 log10 IU/ml). Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (qHBsAg) testing could be used as a surrogate marker to identify high viral load carriers, but there is limited data in pregnancy. We conducted a prospective observational study to determine the cost‐effectiveness and utility of qHBsAg as a valid surrogate marker of HBV DNA.MethodsPregnant patients with chronic hepatitis B were recruited from a tertiary referral centre. HBV DNA levels and qHBsAg were assessed in the second to third trimester. Statistical analysis was performed by Spearman's rank correlation and student's t‐test. The cost‐effectiveness of qHBsAg as compared to HBV DNA testing was calculated.ResultsNinety nine women with 103 pregnancies, median age 32 years, 65% Asian, 23% African and 12% other [Hispanic, Caucasian] were enrolled. Overall, 23% (23/99) were HBV e Ag (HBeAg)‐positive. A significant correlation between qHBsAg and HBV DNA levels was noted in HBeAg‐positive patients (r = 0.79, P < 0.05) but not in HBeAg‐negative patients (r = 0.17, P = 0.06). In receiver operating characteristic analysis, the optimal qHBsAg cut‐off values for predicting maternal viraemia associated with immunoprophylaxis failure (i.e., HBV DNA ≥7 log10 IU/ml) was 4.3 log10 IU/ml (accuracy 98.7%, sensitivity 94.7%, specificity 94.4%) (95% CI, 97–100%, P < 0.05). Use of HBV DNA as compared to qHBsAg costs approximately $20 000 more per infection prevented.ConclusionIn resource poor regions, qHBsAg could be used as a more cost‐effective marker for high maternal viraemia, and indicate when anti‐HBV nucleos/tide analogue therapy should be used to prevent HBV immunoprophylaxis failure.
Low incidence of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in the first‐degree relatives of PBC probands after 8 years of follow‐up
Authors: Gulamhusein Aliya F. , Juran Brian D. , Atkinson Elizabeth J. , McCauley Bryan , Schlicht Erik , Lazaridis Konstantinos N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsPrimary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by chronic cholestasis and disease‐specific antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA). A high prevalence of AMAs in first‐degree relatives (FDRs) of PBC probands has been reported, although the natural history of such patients has not been described. We aimed to assess the risk of developing PBC in AMA+ FDRs of patients with PBC.MethodsFirst‐degree relatives recruited to the Mayo Clinic PBC Genetic Epidemiology Registry and Biorepository were followed for disease onset after recruitment. Development of PBC was ascertained via self‐report during a telephone interview and/or via proband report on a questionnaire. Chi‐squared test and t‐test were used to assess the differences between categorical and continuous variables respectively. A mixed‐effects model was used to assess the change in biochemical profiles over time.ResultsForty AMA+ and 423 AMA− subjects were included and followed for a median of 8.9 and 8.4 years respectively. Overall, 3% (n = 15) of FDRs were diagnosed with PBC, and AMA+ FDRs had a higher risk than AMA− FDRs (24% vs. 0.7%, P < 0.01). However, among undiagnosed FDRs, only 4% of AMA+ (n = 1) and 0.4% of AMA− (n = 1) FDRs were diagnosed with PBC (P = 0.17) during the follow‐up period. None of the AMA+ FDRs with normal alkaline phosphatase at baseline developed PBC in follow‐up.ConclusionsOur results suggest a low risk of developing PBC over time in FDRs of patients with PBC, particularly those without biochemical evidence of cholestasis at baseline. These data are useful in counselling and reassuring relatives of their overall favourable prognosis.
Effectiveness of Baby‐friendly community health services on exclusive breastfeeding and maternal satisfaction: a pragmatic trial
Authors: Bærug Anne , Langsrud Øyvind , Løland Beate F. , Tufte Elisabeth , Tylleskär Thorkild , Fretheim Atle 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe WHO/UNICEF Baby‐friendly Hospital Initiative has been shown to increase breastfeeding rates, but uncertainty remains about effective methods to improve breastfeeding in community health services. The aim of this pragmatic cluster quasi‐randomised controlled trial was to assess the effectiveness of implementing the Baby‐friendly Initiative (BFI) in community health services. The primary outcome was exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months in healthy babies. Secondary outcomes were other breastfeeding indicators, mothers' satisfaction with the breastfeeding experience, and perceived pressure to breastfeed. A total of 54 Norwegian municipalities were allocated by alternation to the BFI in community health service intervention or routine care. All mothers with infants of five completed months were invited to participate (n = 3948), and 1051 mothers in the intervention arm and 981 in the comparison arm returned the questionnaire. Analyses were by intention to treat. Women in the intervention group were more likely to breastfeed exclusively compared with those who received routine care: 17.9% vs. 14.1% until 6 months [cluster adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.72; P = 0.03], 41.4% vs. 35.8% until 5 months [cluster adjusted OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.77; P = 0.01], and 72.1% vs. 68.2% for any breastfeeding until 6 months [cluster adjusted OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.54; P = 0.06]. The intervention had no effect on breastfeeding until 12 months. Maternal breastfeeding experience in the two groups did not differ, neither did perceived breastfeeding pressure from staff in the community health services. In conclusion, the BFI in community health services increased rates of exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months. © 2015 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
The importance of mealtime structure for reducing child food fussiness
Authors: Powell Faye , Farrow Claire , Meyer Caroline , Haycraft Emma 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore how the structure of mealtimes within the family setting is related to children's fussy eating behaviours. Seventy‐five mothers of children aged between 2 and 4 years were observed during a typical mealtime at home. The mealtimes were coded to rate mealtime structure and environment as well as the child's eating behaviours (food refusal, difficulty to feed, eating speed, positive and negative vocalisations). Mealtime structure emerged as an important factor which significantly distinguished children with higher compared with lower levels of food fussiness. Children whose mothers ate with their child and ate the same food as their child were observed to refuse fewer foods and were easier to feed compared with children whose mothers did not. During mealtimes where no distractors were used (e.g. no TV, magazines or toys), or where children were allowed some input into food choice and portioning, children were also observed to demonstrate fewer fussy eating behaviours. Findings of this study suggest that it may be important for parents to strike a balance between structured mealtimes, where the family eats together and distractions are minimal, alongside allowing children some autonomy in terms of food choice and intake.
The impact of maternal diet fortification with lipid‐based nutrient supplements on postpartum depression in rural Malawi: a randomised‐controlled trial
Authors: Stewart Robert C. , Ashorn Per , Umar Eric , Dewey Kathryn G. , Ashorn Ulla , Creed Francis , Rahman Atif , Tomenson Barbara , Prado Elizabeth L , Maleta Ken 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPerinatal depression is highly prevalent in low‐and‐middle‐income countries and has been linked to poor child health. Suboptimal maternal nutrition may be a risk factor for perinatal depression. In this randomised‐controlled trial conducted in rural Malawi, we set out to test the hypothesis that women taking a fatty acid‐rich lipid‐based nutrient supplement (LNS) would have fewer depressive symptoms postpartum than those taking iron‐folate (IFA) or multiple‐micronutrient (MMN) capsules. Women were recruited from antenatal clinics and randomised to receive LNS or MMN during pregnancy and for 6 months postpartum, or IFA during pregnancy only. Maternal depressive symptoms were measured using validated translations of the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), antenatally (SRQ only) and at 6 months postpartum (SRQ and EPDS). Analysis was by modified intention to treat. One thousand three hundred and ninety one women were randomised (LNS = 462, MMN = 466, IFA = 463). The groups were similar across a range of baseline variables. At 6 months postpartum, 1078 (77.5%) had SRQ completed; mean (SD) scores were LNS 1.76(2.73), MMN 1.92(2.75), IFA 1.71(2.66), P = 0.541. One thousand and fifty seven (76.0%) had EPDS completed; mean (SD) scores were LNS 5.77(5.53), MMN 5.43(4.97), IFA 5.52(5.18), P = 0.676. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups on SRQ or EPDS scores (continuous or dichotomised) in unadjusted or adjusted models. In conclusion, fortification of maternal diet with LNS compared with MMN or IFA did not reduce postnatal depressive symptoms in this study.
Targeted resequencing reveals geographical patterns of differentiation for loci implicated in parallel evolution
Authors: Westram Anja M. , Panova Marina , Galindo Juan , Butlin Roger K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractParallel divergence and speciation provide evidence for the role of divergent selection in generating biological diversity. Recent studies indicate that parallel phenotypic divergence may not have the same genetic basis in different geographical locations – ‘outlier loci’ (loci potentially affected by divergent selection) are often not shared among parallel instances of phenotypic divergence. However, limited sharing may be due, in part, to technical issues if false‐positive outliers occur. Here, we test this idea in the marine snail Littorina saxatilis, which has evolved two partly isolated ecotypes (adapted to crab predation vs. wave action) in multiple locations independently. We argue that if the low extent of sharing observed in earlier studies in this system is due to sampling effects, we expect outliers not to show elevated FST when sequenced in new samples from the original locations and also not to follow predictable geographical patterns of elevated FST. Following a hierarchical sampling design (within vs. between country), we applied capture sequencing, targeting outliers from earlier studies and control loci. We found that outliers again showed elevated levels of FST in their original location, suggesting they were not generated by sampling effects. Outliers were also likely to show increased FST in geographically close locations, which may be explained by higher levels of gene flow or shared ancestral genetic variation compared with more distant locations. However, in contrast to earlier findings, we also found some outlier types to show elevated FST in geographically distant locations. We discuss possible explanations for this unexpected result.
Are Asymmetrically Informed Individuals Irremediably Envious?
Authors: Pesce Marialaura 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn most economies, in particular in presence of uncertainty, a fair allocation does not exist. The main focus of this paper is on possibility of simultaneously resolving the equity and efficiency problems in economies with asymmetrically informed agents. We prove that if a cautious attitude towards uncertainty is socially accepted, then it is possible to have equitable and efficient allocations via a competitive equilibrium mechanism.