bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clobazam‐treated patients with Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome experienced fewer seizure‐related injuries than placebo patients during trial OV‐1012
Authors: Isojarvi Jouko , Lee Deborah , Peng Guangbin , Sperling Michael R. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryDrop seizures are especially problematic in patients with Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (LGS) because of their potential for serious injury. In this post hoc analysis of phase 3 OV‐1012 data, a medical review was conducted of seizure‐related injuries based on Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) preferred terms from all adverse event (AE) listings. Patients receiving clobazam experienced fewer seizure‐related injuries than those receiving placebo (8.9% all clobazam dosages vs. 27.1% placebo, p ≤ 0.05). Significant differences in the rates of seizure‐related injuries were observed for the medium‐ and high‐dosage clobazam treatment groups (4.8% and 10.2%, respectively, p ≤ 0.05). A total of 50 of 53 AEs considered seizure‐related were mild or moderate in intensity; 3 severe AEs occurred in the placebo group (fall, contusion, and jaw fracture). A single serious AE (jaw fracture, which required hospitalization and surgery) occurred in a placebo‐treated patient. Most injuries resolved by the end of the study. This analysis indicates that the reduction in drop‐seizure frequency achieved with clobazam provides a clinically meaningful benefit, a reduced likelihood of experiencing seizure‐related injuries.
Seasonal changes in otolith increment width trajectories and the effect of temperature on the daily growth rate of young sardines
Authors: Schismenou Eudoxia , Palmer Miquel , Giannoulaki Marianna , Alvarez Itziar , Tsiaras Kostas , Triantafyllou George , Somarakis Stylianos 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe studied the otolith microstructure and growth of sardine, Sardina pilchardus, in the North Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean Sea), using samples of larvae and juveniles that had hatched in winter (November–January) and winter–spring (February–May), respectively. The juveniles had developed during an extended period coinciding with marked pelagic ecosystem changes (from winter, mixed conditions to summer, stratified waters). To examine the relationship between environmental changes and the observed variability in their otolith increment–width trajectories (width‐at‐age), we summarized the shape of trajectories with a four‐parameter set estimated from a growth model fit to each width trajectory. The individual parameter sets were then related to the potential oceanographic conditions that fish experienced during their development, derived from a hydrodynamic–biogeochemical model (POM‐ERSEM), implemented in the sampling area. Substantial seasonal effects were demonstrated on the otolith microstructure (platykurtic versus leptokurtic trajectories in winter‐mixed versus summer‐stratified conditions), which were related to the progressive sea surface warming. In a subsequent step, in order to study the effect of oceanographic conditions on larval and juvenile daily growth rates, a GAM (Generalized Additive Model) analysis of otolith increment widths was carried out, using model‐derived oceanographic parameters and taking into account the ‘inherent otolith growth’, expressed by the explanatory variables ‘previous increment width’ and ‘Age’. Results showed a strong and positive, linear effect of temperature on the growth rate of winter‐caught larvae, whereas in juveniles, which had developed within a wide range of temperatures, an optimum temperature for growth was observed at around 24°C.
Optimal Design of Multitype Groundwater Monitoring Networks Using Easily Accessible Tools
Authors: Wöhling Thomas , Geiges Andreas , Nowak Wolfgang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMonitoring networks are expensive to establish and to maintain. In this paper, we extend an existing data‐worth estimation method from the suite of PEST utilities with a global optimization method for optimal sensor placement (called optimal design) in groundwater monitoring networks. Design optimization can include multiple simultaneous sensor locations and multiple sensor types. Both location and sensor type are treated simultaneously as decision variables. Our method combines linear uncertainty quantification and a modified genetic algorithm for discrete multilocation, multitype search. The efficiency of the global optimization is enhanced by an archive of past samples and parallel computing. We demonstrate our methodology for a groundwater monitoring network at the Steinlach experimental site, south‐western Germany, which has been established to monitor river—groundwater exchange processes. The target of optimization is the best possible exploration for minimum variance in predicting the mean travel time of the hyporheic exchange. Our results demonstrate that the information gain of monitoring network designs can be explored efficiently and with easily accessible tools prior to taking new field measurements or installing additional measurement points. The proposed methods proved to be efficient and can be applied for model‐based optimal design of any type of monitoring network in approximately linear systems. Our key contributions are (1) the use of easy‐to‐implement tools for an otherwise complex task and (2) yet to consider data‐worth interdependencies in simultaneous optimization of multiple sensor locations and sensor types.
Small‐cell predominant extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type: clinicopathological analysis of a series of cases diagnosed in a Western population
Authors: McKelvie Penelope A , Climent Fina , Krings Gregor , Hasserjian Robert P , Abramson Jeremy S , Pilch Ben Z , Harris Nancy Lee , Ferry Judith A , Zukerberg Lawrence R , Sohani Aliyah R 
Published: May 2016

AimsExtranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL) is usually composed of medium‐ to large‐sized lymphoid cells showing prominent angiotrophism and tumour cell necrosis. We report 13 cases composed predominantly of small lymphocytes diagnosed in the United States and Western Europe.Methods and resultsPatients included seven females and six males aged 17–75 years. Ten presented with sinonasal and three with buccal disease. Nine had stage IE/IIE and four had stage IV disease. In five of seven patients with multiple biopsies at different time‐intervals, the lymphoma was misinterpreted as representing chronic inflammation on an earlier biopsy. In all cases morphology showed a dense infiltrate of small lymphoid cells with minimal cytological atypia. Necrosis, angioinvasion and angiodestruction were each seen in 17%, 22% and 17% of biopsies. Median Ki67 was 5%. Four patients died of lymphoma 4–16 months after diagnosis, including three of four patients with stage IV disease; seven (54%) are alive with no evidence of disease at a median of 39 months; one patient with stage IV disease is alive at 10 months and one recurred at 17 months.ConclusionsIn sinonasal biopsies with predominantly small lymphocytic infiltrates with admixed chronic inflammation, focal hypercellularity, focal surface ulceration or microscopic bone invasion by small lymphoid cells should alert pathologists to the possibility of small‐cell predominant ENKTCL. Awareness of the full histological spectrum of ENKTCL, particularly in non‐endemic areas, is important in avoiding a delay in diagnosis and ensuring timely initiation of therapy.
Interest in international programmes – a survey of Japanese dental hygiene students and educators
Authors: Takenouchi A , Sakurai/Matsukubo M , Matsukubo T 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeGlobalization of Japanese dental hygienists is important to match the demands in the present society. The purpose of this study was to gauge opinions on international programmes of Japanese dental hygiene students and educators.MethodData were collected using a survey that was sent to all eight Japanese universities of oral hygiene in December 2014. Participants were composed of 466 university students majoring in oral hygiene (463 women; three men; mean age: 21 years) and 45 educators teaching dental hygiene education (mean age: 50 years). The response rates were 83.81% and 46.88%, respectively.Results48.06% of 464 students would like to study abroad, and 76.04% of 330 students would like to interact with foreign students frequently. 97.54% of 455 students answered that learning English is important for dental hygienists, but 72.39% of 460 students are not comfortable interacting with foreigners in English. Those who knew more dental English terms had higher interest in studying abroad (odds ratio: 1.136). 75% of 44 educators think that dental hygiene students need to or sometimes need to study abroad. 68.89% of 45 educators think that teaching international programmes is costly.ConclusionWe found that Japanese dental hygiene students and educators have positive interest in international programmes. However, they have concerns about their English skills and about the cost of studying it. Therefore, English classes need to be improved, and new approaches are required for lowering the cost of teaching international programmes, while stimulating foreign students’ and educators’ interest in studying abroad in Japan.
“These patients look lost” – Community pharmacy staff’s identification and support of patients with limited health literacy
Authors: Koster Ellen S , Philbert Daphne , Blom Lyda , Bouvy Marcel L 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Objective
To date, routine use of health literacy assessment in clinical settings is limited. The objective of this study was to explore if community pharmacy staff can identify patients with limited health literacy, how they identify patients and how they support patients to improve medication use. In addition, perceived barriers in providing care for patients with limited health literacy were assessed.

Methods
Structured face-to-face interviews with pharmacy staff were performed in 27 community pharmacies. Questions concerned pharmacy staff’s experiences with limited health literacy during their work, e.g. recognition of patients, communication strategies and possible interventions for this patient group to improve medication use.

Key findings
Results from 74 interviews were included for analysis. Sixty-eight interviewees (92%) mentioned to identify patients with limited health literacy during their work, mostly based on intuition. Suggested strategies to improve medication use included tailored education and information, intensive support or use of aids such as a multidose drug dispensing system. Pharmacy staff indicated lack of time as a barrier to provide tailored pharmaceutical care.

Conclusions
Most participants mentioned to recognize patients with limited health literacy merely on intuition or based on certain patient characteristics. Thus, an unknown number of patients with limited health literacy might be missed. This underlines the need to create more awareness of health literacy among pharmacy professionals. Moreover, training of pharmacy staff and use of aids to identify limited health literacy may help to identify more patients who need additional counselling.
Treatment Options for Anterior Teeth with Questionable Prognosis: Critical Factors in Determining Whether to Maintain or Extract
Authors: Diamantatou Theodora , Kotina Elli , Roussou Ilia , Kourtis Stefanos 
Published: May 2016

AbstractImplants nowadays have conquered the majority of prosthetic restorations in the everyday clinical practice. As a result there has been a tendency among many clinicians to believe that implant therapy is the best solution in every clinical case, even if extraction of natural tooth with questionable prognosis is necessary. The value of natural teeth has been recently reconsidered. An implant not placed under ideal circumstances, may lead to a compromised result especially in the anterior maxillary region. Conversely natural teeth, even in a compromised clinical condition, maintain proprioception and can be adapted to the stresses of functional loading. The most demanding task in daily clinical practice is the treatment plan. The role of the clinician is more complicated for the anterior teeth where the patient‘s expectations and the esthetic criteria complicate the objective way of thinking. Therefore, a frequent dilemma in dental practice is whether to maintain an anterior tooth with a questionable prognosis or to extract it and replace it with an implant. The aim of this article is to approach the dilemma of extraction or maintenance of anterior teeth with a questionable prognosis through a series of clinical cases focusing on the factors that should be taken under consideration.Clinical SignificanceDental implants offer increased possibilities in the restoration of the anterior maxillary teeth. In specific clinical cases however a satisfying clinical result can be achieved by maintaining the existing natural teeth even if they have a questionable prognosis and a more complicated treatment plan may be needed. (J Esthet Restor Dent, 2016)
Ulcerative dermatitis in wild dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe) from Libyan waters
Authors: Rizgalla J , Bron J E , Shinn A P , Herath T K , Paladini G , Ferguson H W 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the period 2013–2015, wild dusky grouper, Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe), caught in Libyan coastal waters and ranging in size from 42 to 92 cm in total length, were observed to have distinctive skin lesions of unknown aetiology. Histopathologically, the lesions comprised a multifocal, unilateral or bilateral dermatitis, involving the epidermis, superficial dermis and scale pockets, and sometimes, in severe cases, the hypodermis. Severe lesions had marked epidermal spongiosis progressing to ulceration. Healing was observed in some fish. Bacteria and fungi could be isolated from severe lesions, although they were not seen histopathologically in early‐stage lesions. By contrast, metazoan parasite eggs were observed in the dermis and epidermis of some fish with mild and moderate dermatitis. Unidentified gravid digenean trematode parasites carrying similar eggs were also seen within the blood vessels of the deep and superficial dermis. The cause of this distinctive condition, termed dusky grouper dermatitis (DGD), and its potential impact upon already threatened Mediterranean wild dusky grouper populations and upon cultured grouper more widely have yet to be established.
Natural coinfection by Streptococcus agalactiae and Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis in farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)
Authors: Assis G B N , Tavares G C , Pereira F L , Figueiredo H C P , Leal C A G 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStreptococcus agalactiae and Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno) are important pathogens for farm‐raised tilapia worldwide. There are no reports of coinfection caused by S. agalactiae and Fno in fish. This study aimed to determine the aetiology of atypical mortalities in a cage farm of Nile tilapia and to characterize the genetic diversity of the isolates. Fifty‐two fish were sampled and subjected to parasitological and bacteriological examination. The S. agalactiae and Fno isolates were genotyped using MLST and REP‐PCR, respectively. Whole‐genome sequencing was performed to confirm the MLST results. Seven fish were shown coinfected by S. agalactiae and Fno. Chronic hypoxia and a reduction in the water temperature were determined as risk factors for coinfection. Fno isolates were shown clonally related in REP‐PCR. The MLST analysis revealed that the S. agalactiae isolates from seven coinfected fish were negative for the glcK gene; however, these were determined to be members of clonal complex CC‐552. This is the first description of coinfection by S. agalactiae and Fno in farm‐raised Nile tilapia. The coinfection was predisposed by chronic hypoxia and was caused by the main genotypes of S. agalactiae and Fno reported in Brazil. Finally, a new S. agalactiae genotype with glcK gene partially deleted was described.
Development and validation of glycoprotein‐based native‐subunit vaccine for fish against Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Çiftci A , Onuk E E , Çiftci G , Fındık A , Söğüt M Ü , Didinen B I , Aksoy A , Üstünakın K , Gülhan T , Balta F , Altun S 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAeromonas hydrophila is known to be causative agent of an infection named as Bacterial haemorrhagic septicaemia or red pest in freshwater fish. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the glycoprotein‐based fish vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila. For this aim, after identification and characterization of A. hydrophila isolates from fish farms, one A. hydrophila isolate was selected as vaccine strain. Antigenic glycoproteins of this vaccine strain were determined by Western blotting and glycan detection kit. The connection types of these glycoproteins were examined by glycoprotein differentiation kit. Two glycoproteins, molecular weights of 19 and 38 kDa, with SNA connection type were selected for use in vaccination trials. After their purification by SNA‐specific lectin and size‐exclusion chromatography, protection studies with purified proteins were performed. For challenge trials, four experimental fish groups were designated: Group I (with montanide), Group II (with montanide and ginseng), Group III [with Al(OH)3] and Group IV [with Al(OH)3 and ginseng]. The survival ratings of fish were determined, and protection was calculated as 21.56%, 29.41%, 69.83% and 78.88% in groups I, II, III and IV, respectively. In conclusion, A. hydrophila glycoproteins with Al(OH)3 and ginseng could be used as a safe and effective vaccine for fish.
The Adjusted Big Mac Methodology: A Clarification
Authors: O'Brien Thomas J. , de Vargas Santiago Ruiz 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Economist's adjusted Big Mac index takes GDP into account in currency valuation, but the methodology is not explained. We show that the key to understanding the methodology is to distinguish between a currency's bilateral valuation (versus a specific currency) and the currency's overall valuation (versus a “basket” of a large number of currencies). Also, the adjusted Big Mac estimates of intrinsic foreign exchange (FX) rates have been better forecasts of actual FX changes than those of the original “raw” Big Mac index.
Making microscopy count: quantitative light microscopy of dynamic processes in living plants
Authors: FRICKER MARK D. , MOGER JULIAN , LITTLEJOHN GEORGE R. , DEEKS MICHAEL J. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryCell theory has officially reached 350 years of age as the first use of the word ‘cell’ in a biological context can be traced to a description of plant material by Robert Hooke in his historic publication ‘Micrographia: or some physiological definitions of minute bodies’. The 2015 Royal Microscopical Society Botanical Microscopy meeting was a celebration of the streams of investigation initiated by Hooke to understand at the subcellular scale how plant cell function and form arises. Much of the work presented, and Honorary Fellowships awarded, reflected the advanced application of bioimaging informatics to extract quantitative data from micrographs that reveal dynamic molecular processes driving cell growth and physiology. The field has progressed from collecting many pixels in multiple modes to associating these measurements with objects or features that are meaningful biologically. The additional complexity involves object identification that draws on a different type of expertise from computer science and statistics that is often impenetrable to biologists. There are many useful tools and approaches being developed, but we now need more interdisciplinary exchange to use them effectively. In this review we show how this quiet revolution has provided tools available to any personal computer user. We also discuss the oft‐neglected issue of quantifying algorithm robustness and the exciting possibilities offered through the integration of physiological information generated by biosensors with object detection and tracking.
Normative values for mandibular mobility in Scandinavian individuals 4–17 years of age
Authors: Stoustrup P. , Kristensen K. D. , Küseler A. , Herlin T. , Pedersen T. K. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryAssessment of mandibular mobility is an important part of the clinical oro‐facial examination of paediatric and adolescent patients. The aims of the present cross‐sectional study were to establish age‐related normative values for mandibular mobility in a Scandinavian paediatric and adolescent cohort and to assess the validity of universal cut‐off values for lower ‘normal’ mandibular ranges of motion. A total of 1114 Danish individuals between 4–17 years of age were included. Maximal mouth opening capacity and laterotrusion capacity were assessed, in each individual, according to a standardised measurement protocol. The mean maximal mouth opening capacity gradually increased from 38 mm (SD 6·1 mm) at age 4 to 54·5 mm (SD 6·8 mm) at age 17. No inter‐gender difference in maximal mouth opening capacity was observed (P > 0·15). The mean maximal laterotrusion capacity gradually increased from 7·4 mm (SD. 1·1 mm) at age four to 10·1 mm (SD 1·9 mm) at age 17. A statistical significant inter‐gender difference of 0·8 mm (SD 0·4 mm) was observed in relation to the total laterotrusion capacity; however, the clinical relevance of this significant difference is questionable. Normative values of mandibular function was established in individuals 4–17 years of age. Our findings oppose the use of a single universal cut‐off value for ‘normal’ range of motion in paediatric and adolescent patients. Instead, we recommend to use the age‐related normative values of mandibular range of motion as basis for the assessment of the development of oro‐facial function.
Short‐term morbidities and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants exposed to magnesium sulphate treatment
Authors: Morag Iris , Yakubovich Daniel , Stern Orly , Siman‐Tov Maya , Schushan‐Eisen Irit , Strauss Tzipi , Simchen Michal 
Published: May 2016

AimThe aim of the study is to examine whether baseline serum Mg concentration has an impact on short‐term and long‐term outcomes in preterm infants exposed antenatally to MgSO4.MethodsParticipants included all infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at <32 weeks of gestational age. Infant serum Mg concentration (iMgC) was examined immediately after birth in those exposed to maternal MgSO4. Data for short‐term outcomes were collected from the infants' computerised charts. Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 6–12 months corrected age were assessed using the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales.ResultsOf 197 eligible infants, 145 were exposed to MgSO4. Baseline iMgC was available for 88 infants. Mean iMgC was 3.5 ± 0.88 mg/dL (1.6–5.7 mg/dL). Baseline iMgC was not associated with an increased risk for neither early morbidities nor adverse long‐term outcome. However, iMgC above the mean (>3.5 mg/dL) was associated with significantly lower scores on locomotor (P = 0.016) and personal–social (0.041) scales in the first year of life.ConclusionsIn a cohort of preterm infants antenatally exposed to MgSO4, elevated baseline iMgC (>3.5 mg/dL) was associated with lower locomotor scores. Further research is needed in order to study the relationship between supra‐physiologic iMgC and its effect on the developing brain.