bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical response and on-treatment clinical remission with tezepelumab in a broad population of patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma: results over 2 years from the NAVIGATOR and DESTINATION studies
Authors: Wechsler Michael E. , Brusselle Guy , Virchow J. Christian , Bourdin Arnaud , Kostikas Konstantinos , Llanos Jean-Pierre , Roseti Stephanie L. , Ambrose Christopher S. , Hunter Gillian , Jackson David J. , Castro Mario , Lugogo Njira , Pavord Ian D. , Martin Neil , Brightling Christopher E. 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundIn asthma, clinical response is characterised by disease improvement with treatment, whereas clinical remission is characterised by long-term disease stabilisation with or without ongoing treatment. The proportions of patients receiving tezepelumab who responded to treatment and who achieved on-treatment clinical remission were assessed in the NAVIGATOR (ClinicalTrials.gov identifierNCT03347279) and DESTINATION (ClinicalTrials.gov identifierNCT03706079) studies of severe, uncontrolled asthma.MethodsNAVIGATOR and DESTINATION were phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies; DESTINATION was an extension of NAVIGATOR. Complete clinical response was defined as achieving all of the following: ≥50% reduction in exacerbationsversusthe previous year, improvements in pre-bronchodilator (BD) forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of ≥100 mL or ≥5%, improvements in Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)-6 score of ≥0.5 and physician's assessment of asthma improvement. On-treatment clinical remission was defined as an ACQ-6 total score ≤1.5, stable lung function (pre-BD FEV1>95% of baseline) and no exacerbations or use of oral corticosteroids during the time periods assessed.ResultsHigher proportions of tezepelumab than placebo recipients achieved complete clinical response over weeks 0–52 (46%versus24%; OR 2.83, 95% CI 2.10–3.82) and on-treatment clinical remission over weeks 0–52 (28.5%versus21.9%; OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.95–2.19) and weeks >52–104 (33.5%versus26.7%; OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.97–2.14). Tezepelumab recipients who achieved on-treatment clinical remissionversuscomplete clinical response at week 52 had better preserved lung function and lower inflammatory biomarker levels at baseline, and fewer exacerbations in the 12 months before the study.ConclusionsAmong patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma, tezepelumab treatment was associated with an increased likelihood of achieving complete clinical response and on-treatment clinical remission compared with placebo. Both are clinically important outcomes, but may be driven by different patient characteristics.
Integrated nasopharyngeal airway metagenome and asthma genetic risk endotyping of severe bronchiolitis in infancy and risk of childhood asthma
Authors: Zhu Zhaozhong , Shibata Ryohei , Hoffman Kristi L. , Cormier Juwan , Mansbach Jonathan M. , Liang Liming , Camargo Carlos A. , Hasegawa Kohei 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundInfants with bronchiolitis are at increased risk of developing asthma. Growing evidence suggests bronchiolitis is a heterogeneous condition. However, little is known about its biologically distinct subgroups based on the integrated metagenome and asthma genetic risk signature and their longitudinal relationships with asthma development.MethodsIn a multicentre prospective cohort study of infants with severe bronchiolitis (i.e.bronchiolitis requiring hospitalisation), we profiled nasopharyngeal airway metagenome and virus at hospitalisation, and calculated the polygenic risk score of asthma. Using similarity network fusion clustering approach, we identified integrated metagenome–asthma genetic risk endotypes. In addition, we examined their longitudinal association with the risk of developing asthma by the age of 6 years.ResultsOut of 450 infants with bronchiolitis (median age 3 months), we identified five distinct endotypes, characterised by their nasopharyngeal metagenome, virus and asthma genetic risk profiles. Compared with endotype A infants (who clinically resembled “classic” bronchiolitis), endotype E infants (characterised by a high abundance ofHaemophilus influenzae, high proportion of rhinovirus (RV)-A and RV-C infections and high asthma genetic risk) had a significantly higher risk of developing asthma (16.7%versus35.9%; adjusted OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.02–4.97; p=0.046). The pathway analysis showed that endotype E had enriched microbial pathways (e.g.glycolysis,l-lysine, arginine metabolism) and host pathways (e.g.interferons, interleukin-6/Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription-3, fatty acids, major histocompatibility complex and immunoglobin-related) (false discovery rate (FDR)<0.05). Additionally, endotype E had a significantly higher proportion of neutrophils (FDR<0.05).ConclusionIn this multicentre prospective cohort study of infant bronchiolitis, the clustering analysis of integrated-omics data identified biologically distinct endotypes with differential risks of developing asthma.
Single-cell sequencing reveals cellular landscape alterations in the airway mucosa of patients with pulmonary long COVID
Authors: Gerayeli Firoozeh V. , Park Hye Yun , Milne Stephen , Li Xuan , Yang Chen Xi , Tuong Josie , Eddy Rachel L. , Vahedi Seyed Milad , Guinto Elizabeth , Cheung Chung Y. , Yang Julia S.W. , Gilchrist Cassie , Yehia Dina , Stach Tara , Dang Hong , Leung Clarus , Shaipanich Tawimas , Leipsic Jonathon , Koelwyn Graeme J. , Leung Janice M. , Sin Don D. 
Published: September 2024

AimTo elucidate the important cellular and molecular drivers of pulmonary long COVID, we generated a single-cell transcriptomic map of the airway mucosa using bronchial brushings from patients with long COVID who reported persistent pulmonary symptoms.MethodAdults with and without long COVID were recruited from the general community in Greater Vancouver, Canada. The cohort was divided into those with pulmonary long COVID, which was defined as persons with new or worsening respiratory symptoms following ≥12 weeks from their initial acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (n=9); and control subjects defined as SARS-CoV-2 infected persons whose acute respiratory symptoms had fully resolved or individuals who had no history of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (n=9). These participants underwent bronchoscopy from which a single cell suspension was created from bronchial brush samples and then sequenced.ResultsA total of 56 906 cells were recovered for the downstream analysis, with 34 840 cells belonging to the pulmonary long COVID group, which strikingly showed a unique cluster of neutrophils in the pulmonary long COVID group (p<0.05). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that the neutrophil degranulation pathway was enriched across epithelial cell clusters. Differential gene expression analysis between the pulmonary long COVID and control groups demonstrated upregulation of inflammatory chemokines and epithelial barrier dysfunction across epithelial cell clusters, as well as over-expression of mucin genes across secretory cell clusters.ConclusionA single-cell transcriptomic landscape of the small airways suggest that neutrophils may play a significant role in mediating the chronic small airway inflammation driving pulmonary symptoms of long COVID.
Drift when applying biocides to control crawling and flying insects on walls
Authors: Langkamp-Wedde Tina , von Hörsten Dieter , Wegener Jens Karl 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Insecticides are sprayed on external building walls for treatments against crawling and flying insects. These applications can lead to drift into non-target areas and thus to undesirable environmental pollution. This emission pathway needs to be considered during exposure assessments within product authorisations to assess potential environmental risks. However, now, there is only one default value for deposition that is used in all calculations based on the Emission Scenario Document of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development at a distance of 50 cm to the treatment area. This is not sufficient for a risk assessment.

Results
When applying a chemical barrier of 50 cm at the bottom of the building wall, wind direction had the greatest influence on drift, while changing the nozzle type had no significant effect. Compared with the measured ground sediments, the OECD default value was deemed to be realistic at a distance of 57 cm from the treatment area. When treating the entire building wall, the wind direction as well as the nozzle used show significant influence on the measured values of drift. The default value for deposition proposed for modelling environmental exposure in OECD document ESD PT18 No. 18 was exceeded. Thus, the exposure estimation might not be protective enough.

Conclusion
Drift values used for the environmental exposure assessment of biocidal products during treatments of building walls should be adapted. This is especially relevant for treatments of entire building walls, where the current default value was exceeded for all distances from the building wall. Wind direction and nozzle type can reduce environmental impact. This finding can be used as a measure to reduce unnecessary exposure in the environment in the future.
Using priorities between human and livestock bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to identify data gaps in livestock AMR surveillance
Authors: Venkateswaran Narmada , Swetschinski Lucien R. , Fastl Christina , Bari Carlotta Di , Criscuolo Nicola G. , Mulchandani Ranya , Zhao Cheng , Meštrović Tomislav , Ikuta Kevin S. , Martins Sara Babo , Coyne Lucy A. , Afonso João Sucena , Huntington Ben , Rushton Jonathan , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Sartorius Benn , Van Boeckel Thomas P. , Pigott David M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to both humans and livestock. Despite this, there is limited global consensus on data-informed, priority areas for intervention in both sectors. We compare current livestock AMR data collection efforts with other variables pertinent to human and livestock AMR to identify critical data gaps and mutual priorities.

Methods
We globally synthesized livestock AMR data from open-source surveillance reports and point prevalence surveys stratified for six pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, non-typhoidal Salmonella, Campylobacter spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium) and eleven antimicrobial classes important in human and veterinary use, published between 2000 and 2020. We also included all livestock species represented in the data: cattle, chickens, pigs, sheep, turkeys, ducks, horses, buffaloes, and goats. We compared this data with intended priorities calculated from: disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), livestock antimicrobial usage (AMU), livestock biomass, and a global correlation exercise between livestock and human proportion of resistant isolates.

Results
Resistance to fluoroquinolones and macrolides in Staphylococcus aureus were identified as priorities in many countries but, less than 10% of these reported livestock AMR data. Resistance data for Escherichia coli specific to cattle, chickens, and pigs, which we prioritized, were also well collected. AMR data collection on non-typhoidal Salmonella and other livestock species were often not prioritized. Of 232 categories prioritized by at least one country, data were only collected for 48% (n = 112).

Conclusions
The lack of livestock AMR data globally for broad resistance in Staphylococcus aureus could underplay their zoonotic threat. Countries can bolster livestock AMR data collection, reporting, and intervention setting for Staphylococcus aureus as done for Escherichia coli. This framework can provide guidance on areas to strengthen AMR surveillance and decision-making for humans and livestock, and if done routinely, can adapt to resistance trends and priorities.
Efficacy of different low-level laser therapy sessions in the management of masseter muscle trigger points
Authors: Mahmoud Nermine Ramadan , Shehab Wessam Ibrahim , AlAraby Amany Ahmed , Habaka Yasser Fekry 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is one of the recent treatment modalities for myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome with trigger points. The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of varying LLLT sessions on the treatment of masseter muscle trigger points.

Methods
90 patients diagnosed with orofacial pain and trigger points in the masseter muscle for at least 6 months were selected and divided into 3 groups (n = 30) based on the number of LLLT sessions provided to patients. Patients in Group I received one session/per week, group II received two sessions/per week, and Group III received three sessions/per week. The sessions continued for 4 weeks, evaluations of pain levels, maximum mouth opening (MMO), and quality of life were conducted before and after the procedure at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 weeks.

Results
The pain scores exhibited a highly statistically significant difference among the three groups (p < 0.001) over the 8-week study period. MMO was statistically significantly different between groups at week 4 and week 8. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) score was statistically significant difference between groups at week 8. The time showed a highly significant effect on the study outcomes within each group.

Conclusion
Increased the number of LLLT sessions reduced the pain improved the MMO, and subsequently improved the quality of life.

ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06327204 - retrospectively registered.
Assessing stigma: Health and social worker regard towards working with people using illicit drugs in Athens, Greece
Authors: Temenos Cristina , Koutlou Aliki , Kyriakidou Sotiria , Galanaki Sofia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
After the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and resulting economic austerity, the rise in illicit drug use engendered an increased need for people who use drugs (PWUD) to access medical care, compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic. Research shows that perceptions of medical staff towards PWUD facilitate or act as a barrier to accessing health care. This study provides a better understanding of health and social work professionals’ perceptions by assessing stigma levels towards PWUD in Athens, Greece.

Methods
This is a mixed-method study. It calculates the stigma score for professionals (n = 60) and the stigma score associated with specific drugs based on the Medical Condition Regard Scale through a quantitative analysis of responses to a semi-structured online survey about attitudes of health and social work professionals towards PWUD. It draws on the qualitative analysis of 12 semi-structured interviews with 16 service managers, providers, and health services advocates working in the charity sector to determine whether perceptions of PWUD affect writing and implementing policy and protocols for services.

Results
Stigma towards PWUD exists amongst health and social work professionals in Athens. Professionals who have worked with PWUD for longer periods of time, professionals who have had specific training on working with PWUD, and professionals who feel that they have the necessary training to work with PWUD all demonstrated a higher stigma score than those reporting the opposite. Cannabis and opioids were associated with lower stigma scores while shisha had the highest level of stigma associated with it. Finally, professional environments are not conducive to alleviating stigma as the lack of training specific to stigma, the lack of professional supervision, and worker burn-out are key barriers faced by professionals in their everyday practice.

Conclusions
Reducing and eliminating stigma towards PWUD among health and social workers requires immediate action. Measures to be taken include: introducing training programs focused on stigma towards PWUD to healthcare providers, social workers, lawyers, police, the media; increasing professional supervision on field work for health and social workers; introducing low barrier health care and specialist units. Peers and field-focused organisations should meaningfully participate in drug and alcohol policymaking, program development, and implementation.
Resected intramuscular hemangioma in the chest wall: a case report
Authors: Nakanishi Yoshiyuki , Akamine Takaki , Kinoshita Fumihiko , Kohno Mikihiro , Ozono Keigo , Hino Takuya , Mori Taro , Oda Yoshinao , Takenaka Tomoyoshi , Nakamura Masafumi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Intramuscular hemangioma is an uncommon benign tumor found mainly in the limbs of adolescents and young adults. The local recurrence rate is high, ranging from 30 to 50%, necessitating wide local excision of intercostal intramuscular hemangiomas. However, preoperative diagnosis of intramuscular hemangiomas is challenging. Herein, we report a rare case of an intramuscular hemangioma arising from the chest wall.

Case presentation
A healthy 29-year-old asymptomatic man was referred to our hospital after an abnormal shadow was observed on his chest radiography. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 30-mm-sized mass in the right second intercostal space. Neoplastic lesions, such as schwannomas or solitary fibrous tumors, were included in the preoperative differential diagnosis. Tumor resection was performed using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The tumor, which had a smooth surface covered with parietal pleura, was dissected from the external intercostal muscle and costal bone. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed proliferation of spindle-shaped endothelial cells arranged in a capillary vascular structure accompanied by entrapped smooth muscle fibers, adipose tissue, and muscle vessels. The final diagnosis was an intramuscular hemangioma with negative surgical margins. There was no evidence of recurrence during the 1-year postoperative follow-up period.

Conclusion
Intramuscular hemangiomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest wall tumors, particularly in young people, owing to their potential for recurrence. Moreover, postoperative follow-up may be necessary for resected intramuscular intercostal hemangiomas.
Engraftment of human mesenchymal stem cells in a severely immunodeficient mouse
Authors: Kato Yuko , Ohno Yusuke , Ito Ryoji , Taketani Takeshi , Matsuzaki Yumi , Miyagi Satoru 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe transplantation of human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hMSCs) has potential as a curative and permanent therapy for congenital skeletal diseases. However, the self-renewal and differentiation capacities of hMSCs markedly vary. Therefore, cell proliferation and trilineage differentiation capacities were tested in vitro to characterize hMSCs before their clinical use. However, it remains unclear whether the ability of hMSCs in vitro accurately predicts that in living animals. The xenograft model is an alternative method for validating clinical MSCs. Nevertheless, the protocol still needs refinement, and it has yet to be established whether hMSCs, which are expanded in culture for clinical use, retain the ability to engraft and differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineage cells in transplantation settings. In the present study, to establish a robust xenograft model of MSCs, we examined the delivery routes of hMSCs and the immunological state of recipients. The intra-arterial injection of hMSCs into X-ray-irradiated (IR) NOG, a severely immunodeficient mouse, achieved the highest engraftment but failed to sustain long-term engraftment. We demonstrated that graft cells localized to a collagenase-released fraction (CR), in which endogenous colony-forming cells reside. We also showed that Pdgfrα+Sca1+ MSCs (PαS), which reside in the CR fraction, resisted IR. These results show that our protocol enables hMSCs to fulfill a high level of engraftment in mouse bone marrow in the short term. In contrast, long-term reconstitution was restricted, at least partially, because of IR-resistant endogenous MSCs.
Effect of a targeted health education program on nurses’ awareness about postpartum depression
Authors: Hussein Rasha Saad , Rabei Samah Hamed Abdelhamid , Gebrel Asmaa Fathy , Yousef Shaimaa Samy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent mental health disorder that affects women after giving birth. It seriously harms the mother–child bond. As nurses' expertise can have a significant impact on women after childbirth, this study aimed to compare the knowledge of nurses at the Maternity Hospital of Ain Shams University (ASU) before and after the implementation of an educational program regarding PPD.

Methods
A pre-and post-quasi-experimental study was conducted among 63 nurses at ASU Maternity Hospital. A self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate nurses' knowledge of PPD symptoms, diagnosis, risk factors, treatment, and consequences before and one month following an educational program that comprised PowerPoint, posters, and videos.

Results
The mean age of nurses was 23.17 ± 1.45. About 76% had previously heard of PPD, and the most frequent sources of their information were nursing studies followed by conferences. After the intervention, there was a significant improvement in the knowledge score regarding PPD symptoms and diagnosis, with a mean score of 7.23 ± 1.32 compared to 6.13 ± 1.97 before the intervention. The knowledge score of PPD risk factors showed a considerable improvement, with a mean score of 11.52 ± 1.49 as compared to 9.69 ± 1.94 previously. There was a significant improvement in the knowledge scores regarding PPD treatment and consequences. Overall, the PPD total knowledge score of nurses improved significantly after the intervention, from 19.56 ± 3.49 to 23.2 ± 2.5 (p-value < 0.001).

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the positive impact of a targeted health education program on enhancing nurses’ awareness about PPD. The program effectively increased knowledge levels among participating nurses, empowering them with essential skills to recognize, assess, and respond to PPD in their clinical practice. The improvement in awareness signifies the importance of implementing focused educational interventions to enhance nurses’ ability to identify this critical maternal mental health issue.

Implications
Beyond the direct effect of this study on nurses' awareness, it has wider implications for patient care, healthcare policies, professional development, interdisciplinary collaboration, and public health awareness related to PPD.

Trial registration
It was registered on clinicaltrials.gov with identifier number NCT06424496.