bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring submergence impact on flow-induced motion energy-harvesting with circular-triangular prisms
Authors: Sharifi Ali , Omidyeganeh Mohammad , Masdari Mehran 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in energy-harvesting have utilized Flow-Induced Motion (FIM) as a renewable source, diverging from past efforts aimed at minimizing FIM's adverse effects. This study introduces kinetic energy converters using alternating lift technology (ALT), employing a prism with a Circular-Triangular (Cir-Tria) shape, coupled with a spring and damper, to generate energy. Utilizing computational fluid dynamics in OpenFOAM for Reynolds numbers between 2 × 103 and 13 × 103 and varying submergence depth ratio from 0.98 to 5.91, this research employs a moving computational grid, two-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, the k-omega Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model, the Volume of Fluid, VOF, two-phase model, and the cylinder mass–spring–damper equation. Findings show that approaching the flow surface negatively impacts the FIM response due to the interaction of vortices from the flow surface and the prism’s upper shear layer. This interaction weakens and neutralizes the upper vortices, altering the flow structure around the prism and the governing FIM phenomena. Proximity to the free surface significantly affects FIM responses, with a notable decrease in vibration amplitude and energy conversion as the submergence depth ratio increases from 0.98 to 5.91. Maximum system efficiency of 1.4% is observed in the VIV initial branch at infinite submergence (single-phase flow). Beyond a submergence depth ratio of 5.91, FIM amplitude and energy conversion flatten, indicating negligible free surface effects.
A high-throughput protocol for testing heat-stress tolerance in pollen
Authors: Zhao Chenchen , Siddique Abu Bakar , Guo Ce , Shabala Sergey , Li Chengdao , Chen Zhonghua , Varshney Rajeev , Zhou Meixue 
Published: October 2024

AbstractViable pollen is crucial for fertilization, but pollen is generally highly susceptible to heat stress. A quick, reliable method for testing the heat-stress tolerance of pollen is needed to improve the heat-stress tolerance in plants, but current methods require considerable space and labor. In addition, many such methods only test tolerance to a single constant temperature, making it time-consuming to screen heat tolerance over a wide temperature range and to examine the dynamics of pollen viability at different temperatures. To address this issue, we aimed to: (1) develop an easy, reliable method for measuring pollen viability at different temperatures; and (2) identify the best temperature range for screening pollen with high heat-stress tolerance. We harvested mature pollen from wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants and transferred it to a 96-well plate filled with liquid medium containing sucrose. We placed the plate in a PCR machine operating under a gradient PCR program to simultaneously test a range of temperatures. After incubating the pollen for 4 h, at temperatures ranging from 21.9 to 47 °C, we examined the pollen grains under a light microscope and employed a specific image analysis pipeline to assess the effects of temperature on pollen morphology, germination, and tube growth. This method facilitated the high-throughput screening of many pollen samples, enabling rapid, reliable, and precise analysis of pollen viability in response to temperature. Our approach should be applicable to other plant species and could be used to identify quantitative trait loci or genes influencing heat stress tolerance in pollen for breeding programs.
The c-numerical range of a quaternion skew-Hermitian matrix is convex
Authors: van der Merwe Alma , Thiersen Madelein , Woerdeman Hugo J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe show that the c-numerical range of a non-scalar skew-Hermitian quaternion matrix is convex. In fact, included in our result is that the c-numerical range of a skew-Hermitian matrix is a rotation invariant subset of the quaternions with zero real parts.
AI-FEED: Prototyping an AI-Powered Platform for the Food Charity Ecosystem
Authors: Sammer Marcus , Seong Kijin , Olvera Norma , Gronseth Susie L. , Anderson-Fletcher Elizabeth , Jiao Junfeng , Reese Alison , Kakadiaris Ioannis A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the development and functionalities of the AI-FEED web-based platform (ai-feed.ai), designed to address food and nutrition insecurity challenges within the food charity ecosystem. AI-FEED leverages advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology to facilitate improved access to nutritious food and efficient resource allocation, aiming to reduce food waste and bolster community health. The initial phase involved comprehensive interviews with various stakeholders to gather insights into the ecosystem’s unique challenges and requirements. This informed the design of four distinct modules in the AI-FEED platform, each targeting the needs of one of four stakeholder groups (food charities, donors, clients, and community leaders). Prototyping and iterative feedback processes were integral to refining these modules. The food charity module assists charities in generating educational content and predicting client needs through AI-driven tools. Based on blockchain technology, the food donor module streamlines donation processes, enhances donor engagement, and provides donor recognition. The client module provides real-time information on food charity services and offers a centralized repository for nutritional information. The platform includes a comprehensive mapping and proposal system for community leaders to strategically address local food insecurity issues. AI-FEED’s integrated platform approach allows data sharing across modules, enhancing overall functionality and impact. The paper also discusses ethical considerations, potential biases in AI systems, and the transformation of AI-FEED from a research project to a sustainable entity. The AI-FEED platform exemplifies the potential of interdisciplinary collaboration and technological innovation in addressing societal challenges, particularly in improving food security and community health.
Optimizing external advisory committee meetings of Clinical and Translational Science Awards through focused pre-review
Authors: Casey Shannon L. , Burnside Elizabeth S. , Brasier Allan R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
External advisory committees (EACs) are critical peer-review meetings that drive improvement at Clinical and Translational Science Award Program Hubs. Despite their ubiquity, evaluations of EAC optimization and effective implementation remain scarce. We present a two-tiered approach to optimizing EAC meetings through (1) in-depth, topically focused “pre-review” meetings comprised of external topic experts and at least one standing “full-board” EAC member, followed by (2) a traditional “full-board” EAC meeting. This approach allowed pre-review discussion of program-focused topics and specific recommendations, later delivered to the full-board for review and direction. To evaluate this approach, we interviewed 18 people who planned, administered, or attended pre-review and/or full-board meetings, including internal Hub staff, external topic experts, and standing EAC members. Thematic analysis was used to explore planning, implementation, and value of our two-tiered approach versus the traditional single full-board approach. Interviewees preferred the two-tiered approach, noting benefits including additional time to reflect, shared identification of strengths and challenges, and discussion of solutions to share later with the full-board. Those who attended pre-review meetings described building “transformational,” rather than “transactional,” relationships with invitees through more discussion and inter-hub sharing. That increased sharing invited more exploration, discussion, and planning of next steps toward innovation.
Development of the Dissemination and Implementation Science Collaborative (DISC): Opportunities to enhance implementation science capacity among researchers and practitioners in South Carolina
Authors: Allen Caitlin G. , Sterba Katherine , Oppenheimer Stephanie , Hanson Rochelle F. , Coen Emma , Gimbel Ron , Ford Dee 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the development of the Dissemination and Implementation Science Collaborative (DISC) at the Medical University of South Carolina, established through the Clinical and Translational Science Award program. DISC aims to accelerate clinical and translational science by providing training, mentorship, and collaboration opportunities in dissemination and implementation (D&I) science. Through DISC, investigators, trainees, and community partners are equipped with the knowledge and skills to conduct D&I research and translate findings into practice, particularly in South Carolina’s public health and healthcare landscape. We describe efforts to achieve the major overarching aims of DISC, which include conducting scientific workforce training, providing mentorship and consultation, and advancing methods and processes for D&I research. By sharing DISC experiences, successes, and challenges, this paper aims to support the growth of D&I research and capacity-building programs, fostering collaboration and shared resources in the field.
Economic costs of poor PSC manifest in sickness absence and voluntary turnover
Authors: Loh May Young , Dollard Maureen F. , Friebel Ashira 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWork-related stress is a major occupational health and safety (OHS) issue that has industrial relations origins. Aside from the moral and human rights imperatives to improve the corporate climate for worker psychological health (as per psychosocial safety climate, PSC), there are strong economic costs for not doing so. PSC refers to worker perceptions of the corporate safety system to protect and promote workers’ psychological health and wellbeing. It is a leading indicator of working conditions, which in turn affect workers’ health and work engagement. In this study, we estimate the attributable economic cost of low PSC due to sickness absence and turnover. Data were collected from a multinational company using survey at Time 1 (T1) and objective company data (i.e., sickness absence and turnover) after one year (T2). Using regression analysis and a matched sample of 617 responses, PSC was negatively related to future sickness absence. A binomial logistic regression with 1268 respondents (i.e., all responses at T1) showed that PSC was negatively related to future voluntary turnover. An economic analysis suggests that improving OHS via PSC could save an organisation with 5000 employees USD 0.6–2.7 million per year. Building PSC to protect and promote workers’ psychological health is a likely economic saving on organisational productivity.
Rigidity of Lyapunov exponents for derived from Anosov diffeomorphisms
Authors: COSTA J. SANTANA , TAHZIBI A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For a class of volume-preserving partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms (or non-uniformly Anosov)

$f\colon {\mathbb {T}}^d\rightarrow {\mathbb {T}}^d$

homotopic to linear Anosov automorphism, we show that the sum of the positive (negative) Lyapunov exponents of f is bounded above (respectively below) by the sum of the positive (respectively negative) Lyapunov exponents of its linearization. We show this for some classes of derived from Anosov (DA) and non-uniformly hyperbolic systems with dominated splitting, in particular for examples described by Bonatti and Viana [SRB measures for partially hyperbolic systems whose central direction is mostly contracting. Israel J. Math.115(1) (2000), 157–193]. The results in this paper address a flexibility program by Bochi, Katok and Rodriguez Hertz [Flexibility of Lyapunov exponents. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.42(2) (2022), 554–591].
Global rigidity of smooth
${\mathbb{Z}}\ltimes _{\unicode{x3bb}}{\mathbb{R}}$
-actions on
${\mathbb{T}}^{2}$
Authors: DONG CHANGGUANG , SHI YI 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For

$\unicode{x3bb}>1$

, we consider the locally free

${\mathbb Z}\ltimes _\unicode{x3bb} \mathbb R$

actions on

$\mathbb T^2$

. We show that if the action is

$C^r$

with

$r\geq 2$

, then it is

$C^{r-\epsilon }$

-conjugate to an affine action generated by a hyperbolic automorphism and a linear translation flow along the expanding eigen-direction of the automorphism. In contrast, there exists a

$C^{1+\alpha }$

-action which is semi-conjugate, but not topologically conjugate to an affine action.
Bounding geometrically integral del Pezzo surfaces
Authors: Bernasconi Fabio , Martin Gebhard 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We prove several boundedness statements for geometrically integral normal del Pezzo surfaces X over arbitrary fields. We give an explicit sharp bound on the irregularity if X is canonical or regular. In particular, we show that wild canonical del Pezzo surfaces exist only in characteristic

$2$

. As an application, we deduce that canonical del Pezzo surfaces form a bounded family over

$\mathbb {Z}$

, generalising work of Tanaka. More generally, we prove the BAB conjecture on the boundedness of

$\varepsilon $

-klt del Pezzo surfaces over arbitrary fields of characteristic different from

$2, 3$

and

$5$

.
Assessing for race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic disparities in central line-associated bloodstream infection risk in a large academic health system
Authors: Gottlieb Lindsey B. , Prakash-Asrani Radhika , Dube William , Wiley Zanthia , Licitra Giancarlo , Fridkin Scott K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjective:To examine the relationship between race and ethnicity and central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) while accounting for inherent differences in CLABSI risk related to central venous catheter (CVC) type.Design:Retrospective cohort analysis.Setting:Acute care facilities within an academic healthcare system.Patients:Adult inpatients from January 2012 through December 2017 with CVC present for ≥2 contiguous days.Methods:We describe variability in demographics, comorbidities, CVC type/configuration, and CLABSI rate by patient’s race and ethnicity. We estimated the unadjusted risk of CLABSI for each demographic and clinical characteristic and then modelled the effect of race on time to CLABSI, adjusting for total parenteral nutrition use and CVC type. We also performed exploratory analysis replacing race and ethnicity with social vulnerability index (SVI) metrics.Results:32,925 patients with 57,642 CVC episodes met inclusion criteria, most of which (51,348, 89%) were among non-Hispanic White or non-Hispanic Black patients. CVC types differed between race/ethnicity groups. However, after adjusting for CVC type, configuration, and indication in an adjusted cox regression, the risk of CLABSI among non-Hispanic Black patients did not significantly differ from non-Hispanic White patients (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94, 1.51). The odds of having a CLABSI among the most vulnerable SVI subset compared to the less vulnerable was no different (odds ratio [OR] 0.95; 95% CI: 0.75–1.2).Conclusions:We did not find a difference in CLABSI risk between non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black patients when adjusting for CLABSI risk inherent in type and configuration of CVC.
Sequencing the Southern Iberian Late Neolithic hypogeum cemetery of La Beleña through radiocarbon dating and Bayesian modeling
Authors: Santana Jonathan , Caro José L , Camalich Massieu María D , Aranda Jiménez Gonzalo , Martín Socas Dimas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aims to determine the chronological sequence of the collective burials in the hypogea of the prehistoric cemetery of La Beleña (Cabra, Córdoba) through Bayesian analyses of 14C dates obtained from human remains. The data from this site are not only key to grasping the phenomenon of the introduction and spread of hypogea throughout the western Mediterranean, but to gain insight into multi-stage funerary practices during the Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic. The dataset comprises 14C dates of 71 of the 79 individuals placed in five of La Beleña’s six hypogea. The findings suggest: (i) La Beleña is one of the oldest assemblages of hypogea in Iberia, (ii) that this type of collective burial spread rapidly throughout the western Mediterranean area, (iii) that La Beleña is marked by two main phases of funerary activity interspersed by brief burial surges, (iv) funerary intensity at La Beleña increased between cal BC 3400–2900 (2σ), and (v) the cemetery saw a very brief surge of burials potentially related to a catastrophic event. The results of this analysis thus shed light on the little-known chronological sequence of prehistoric hypogea or rock-cut tombs in Iberia, their spread, and their relation to other Late Neolithic collective burials in western Europe.
Tailoring interventions through a combination of statistical typology and frontier analysis: a study of mixed crop-livestock farms in semi-arid Zimbabwe
Authors: Baudron Frédéric , Homann-Kee Tui Sabine , Silva João Vasco , Chakoma Irenie , Matangi Dorcas , Nyagumbo Isaiah , Dube Sikhalazo 
Published: October 2024

Summary
An innovative methodological approach combining statistical typologies and stochastic frontier analysis was applied to data collected from 1840 mixed crop-livestock farms in six districts of Zimbabwe, representative of semi-arid areas of the country. The average annual cereal production was 362 kg farm–1, and the average annual livestock offtake was 0.64 ± 1.32 Tropical Livestock Units (TLU) farm–1. Our results demonstrate there is scope to increase cereal and livestock production by 90.7% and 111.9% relative to current production levels, respectively, with more efficient use of existing resources and technologies. Rainfall was found to have a strong effect on cereal production, highlighting the need for climate-smart practices. Livestock mortality (0.59 ± 1.62 TLU farm–1) was found to be in the same order of magnitude as livestock offtake (0.64 ± 1.32 TLU farm–1). Cereal production was supported by livestock, demonstrating the importance of crop-livestock interactions in these mixed farming systems. Three farm types were identified in our analysis. Crop-oriented mixed farms (31%) are likely to be the ones most responsive to crop-specific interventions e.g., crop rotation and integrated pest management. Livestock-oriented mixed farms (34%) are likely to benefit the most from livestock-specific interventions, e.g., home feed. Mixed farms dependent on off-farm activities (36% of the sample) may require nutrition-sensitive and labour-saving sustainable intensification technologies to benefit from their limited resources. Reducing cattle mortality is a priority for all three farm types. The method proposed here could be adapted to other contexts characterized by heterogeneous farming populations to target interventions.
Detecting play behaviour in weaned dairy calves using accelerometer data
Authors: McKay Ciara , Ellis Kathryn , Haskell Marie J. , Cousar Heather , Gladden Nicola 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research paper describes a validation study evaluating the ability of IceTag accelerometers (Peacock Technology, UK) to detect play behaviour in weaned dairy calves. Play behaviour is commonly observed in young animals and is regarded as an indicator of positive welfare states. Eight Holstein Friesian calves aged three to five months old were monitored using leg-mounted accelerometers for 48 h. Data generated by accelerometers to quantify calf activity included step count, lying times and a proprietary measure of overall activity termed ‘motion index’ (MI). Calf behaviour was filmed continuously over the same 48-h period using closed circuit television cameras and analysed using one-zero sampling to identify the presence (1) or absence (0) of play within each 15-min time period. A positive correlation between MI and visually recorded play was found. Visual observations were compared with accelerometer-generated data and analysed using 2 × 2 contingency tables and classification and regression tree analysis. A MI value of ≥69 was established as the optimum threshold to detect play behaviour (sensitivity = 94.4%; specificity = 93.6%; balanced accuracy = 94.0%). The results of this study suggest that accelerometer-generated MI data have the potential to detect play behaviour in weaned dairy calves in a more time efficient manner than traditional visual observations.
Explaining microvariation using the Tolerance Principle: plugging the amn’t gap
Authors: Thoms Gary , Adger David , Heycock Caroline , Jamieson E. , Smith Jennifer 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this article, we describe and explain patterns of variation in acceptance of amn’t in varieties of Scots, drawing upon data from the Scots Syntax Atlas. Partly in line with findings from Bresnan (2001), we show that amn’t is much more widely accepted in inversion environments (amn’t I?) than in declaratives (I amn’t), but nevertheless, amn’t in declaratives is still accepted in certain regions of Scotland. We combine the productivity-based explanation of the amn’t gap in Yang (2016, 2017) with new insights into the syntax of Scots negation from Thoms et al. (2023) to provide a predictive account of the attested variation.
Caloplaca tswaluensis (Teloschistales, Teloschistaceae): a new species from South Africa with plurilocular ascospores
Authors: Fryday Alan , Svoboda Stanislav , Vondrák Jan , Ward Danielle A. , Struwig Madeleen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe new species Caloplaca tswaluensis is described from Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Caloplaca tswaluensis occurs on the trunks of Vachellia erioloba (camelthorn) trees and is characterized by its 3-septate to quadrilocular ascospores. Molecular data indicate that the new species is placed in the subfamily Teloschistoideae but cannot be assigned to any existing genus and, because its systematic position is unclear, we choose to describe it in Caloplaca s. lat. Caloplaca tswaluensis is compared with other crustose Teloschistaceae species with plurilocular ascospores.