bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in drug treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Japan based on the National Database Open Data
Authors: Sasaki Kenichi , Suzuki Motofumi , Nakamura Masaki , Kume Haruki , Nishino Yoshinori , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThis study examined prescription trends for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) drug therapy in Japan over the past decade, focusing on drugs rated as grade A according to Japanese clinical guidelines.MethodsUsing the National Database Open Data, this study analyzed prescription data from the fiscal years of 2014 to 2021, tracking α1‐blockers, 5α‐reductase inhibitors, and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. We adjusted for demographics and calculated medication costs to determine prescribing patterns and changes in drug utilization.ResultsPrescriptions for α1‐blockers increased from 9898 per 1000 males in 2014 to 12 613 in 2021. Prescriptions for 5α‐reductase inhibitors rose from 1441 per 1000 males in 2014 to 2310 in 2021. Tadalafil prescriptions saw a significant increase, from 900 in 2015 to 2520 in 2021. Despite these increases, the overall market size for BPH drugs decreased from 664 million dollars in 2014 to 279 million dollars in 2021, indicating a shift toward generic medications driven by healthcare policies.ConclusionsAlthough BPH medication prescriptions are increasing, driven by Japan's aging population and clinical guidelines, market dynamics are shifting owing to generic and government price adjustments. This analysis underscores the changing BPH treatment landscape in Japan, highlighting the importance of continuous evaluation of treatment efficacy and cost‐effectiveness in evolving healthcare policies and demographics.
Vitamin D status and intermediate vascular and bone outcomes in chronic kidney disease: a secondary post hoc analysis of IMPROVE‐CKD
Authors: Yeung Wing‐Chi G. , Toussaint Nigel D. , Lioufas Nicole , Hawley Carmel M. , Pascoe Elaine M. , Elder Grahame J. , Valks Andrea , Badve Sunil V. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has been associated with abnormalities of mineral metabolism and vascular calcification. Vitamin D influences parathyroid hormone values and calcium and phosphate metabolism, and may play a role in vascular function and bone health. We aimed to test our hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency is associated with arterial stiffness, aortic calcification and lower bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with CKD.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was performed using baseline data from the IMpact of Phosphate Reduction On Vascular Endpoints in CKD (IMPROVE‐CKD) study cohort. Clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between those with and without vitamin D deficiency, defined as 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) <50 nmol/L. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to assess associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx), abdominal aortic calcification (measured by the Agatston score) and lumbar spine BMD.ResultsBaseline 25(OHD) values were available in 208 out of 278 IMPROVE‐CKD study participants, with a mean value of 70.1 ± 30.7 nmol/L. Of these, 57 (27%) patients had vitamin D deficiency. Those with 25(OH)D deficiency were more likely to have diabetes (56% vs 38%), cardiovascular disease (54% vs 36%) and lower serum calcium (2.29 ± 0.13 vs 2.34 ± 0.13 mmol/L). On univariable and multivariable regression analyses, baseline 25(OH)D values were not associated with PWV, the AIx, Agatston score or BMD.ConclusionBaseline 25(OH)D levels were not associated with intermediate markers of vascular function and BMD in patients with CKD stages 3b and 4.
Characterization of Skoliomonas gen. nov., a haloalkaliphilic anaerobe related to barthelonids (Metamonada)
Authors: Eglit Yana , Williams Shelby K. , Roger Andrew J. , Simpson Alastair G. B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetamonads are a large and exclusively anaerobic group of protists. Additionally, they are one of the three clades proposed to ancestrally possess an “excavate” cell morphology, with a conspicuous ventral groove accompanied by a posterior flagellum with a vane. Here, we cultivate and characterize four anaerobic bacterivorous flagellates from hypersaline and alkaline soda lake environments, which represent a novel clade. Small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene phylogenies support recent phylogenomic analyses in placing them as the sister of barthelonids, a group that is itself sister to or deeply branching within Fornicata (Metamonada). The new isolates have a distinctive morphology: the hunchbacked cell body is traversed by a narrow ventral groove ending in a large opening to a conspicuous recurrent cytopharynx. The right margin of the groove is defined by a thin “lip.” The posterior flagellum bears a wide ventral‐facing vane. The narrow ventral groove and elongate cytopharynx are shared with barthelonids. We describe one isolate as Skoliomonas litria, gen. et sp. nov. Further investigation of their mitochondrial‐related organelles (MROs) and detailed ultrastructural studies would be important to understanding the adaptation to anaerobic conditions in Metamonads—especially fornicates—as well as the evolution of the “excavate” cell architecture.
Size‐dependent release and temperature‐dependent degradation of salmonid environmental DNA under laboratory conditions
Authors: Yamamoto Shoichiro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe degradation of environmental DNA (eDNA) and its release from fish were investigated in laboratory experiments for seven salmonid fishes. The eDNA concentration in experimental tanks without fish decreased exponentially, with a higher rate of decline observed under higher water temperature conditions. When a fish was introduced into a tank, the eDNA concentration was positively correlated with the length and weight of the fish.
Histologic findings of gastrointestinal biopsies and clinical outcome in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy for gallbladder mucoceles: 71 cases (2014‐2021)
Authors: Gondolfe M. , Hans E. C. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesTo determine the presence and categorise the severity of enteritis in dogs with gallbladder mucoceles, and evaluate for any associations with enteritis. This study also aimed to report clinical outcome following cholecystectomy and evaluate for associations with survival.Materials and MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed (2014 to 2021) for dogs undergoing cholecystectomy and duodenal biopsy procedures for gallbladder mucocele. Signalment, bloodwork, abdominal ultrasound findings, surgical details, histology results and outcomes were reported. Surgeries were considered elective or emergent based on each dog's clinical presentation. Enteritis was categorised based on cell type and severity. Inflammation and clinical outcome were statistically evaluated.ResultsSeventy‐one dogs met the study criteria. Enteritis was present in 85.9% (61/71) of cases with the majority being lymphoplasmacytic (53.5%). Twelve dogs (16.9%) underwent gastrointestinal biopsies from multiple sites, which revealed the same enteritis type at each location. A total of 87.3% (n = 62) dogs survived, including 90.4% elective and 86% emergent cases. No significant differences in enteritis severity or patient survival were found between elective and emergent cases. Septic peritonitis was diagnosed in two dogs (2.82%). Mortality was significantly associated with leukocytosis, with nonsurviving dogs having a mean WBC count of 27.6 G/L (95% confidence interval: 10.6 to 21.5).Clinical SignificanceEnteritis is present in a majority of dogs with gallbladder mucocele, especially mild to moderate with lymphoplasmacytic cell type. Obtaining a duodenal biopsy had minimal impact on patient outcome. Compared to previous studies, improved survival in emergent cases was noted. Further studies with long‐term follow‐up are needed to determine if enteropathy‐related signs persist after cholecystectomy.
Agrypnia excitata: a human model to explore the derailment of sleep–wake cycle integrated control
Authors: Mutti Carlotta , Baldelli Luca , Cortelli Pietro , Parrino Liborio , Provini Federica 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe commemoration of the 70th anniversary of rapid eye movement sleep discovery offers a unique possibility to reassess the peculiar organic condition of agrypnia excitata. Agrypnia excitata is characterized by a severe loss of sleep leading to a complete derangement of physiological sleep–wake cycle and body homeostasis. Agrypnia excitata is a definite clinico‐neurophysiological condition characterized by: (1) slow‐wave sleep loss with disruption of sleepwake cycle; (2) a 24‐hr motor and autonomic overactivity; and (3) peculiar episodes of oneiric stupor. Agrypnia excitata may happen within different pathophysiologies, such as delirium tremens, Morvan's syndrome and fatal familial insomnia, suggesting some general reflections on the composition and function of the cerebral neuronal network generating wake and sleep behaviour and regulating body homeostasis, with a focus on rapid eye movement sleep.
Role of ginger in fish nutrition with special emphasis on growth, health, gut and liver morphology
Authors: Ahmad Ishtiyaq , Irm Misbah , Ahmed Imtiaz , Haoran Yin , Taj Sehrish , Bhat Tahir Ahmad , Khan Saba Khursheed , Puswal Sabah Mushtaq , Khalil Hala Saber , Sopjani Mentor , Peres Helena , Faggio Caterina , Rather Mohd Ashraf , Amin Adnan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGinger, Zingiber officinale, is a medicinal herb widely used for its distinct flavor and medicinal properties. It contains various bioactive compounds, including zingerone, shogaols, gingerol saponin, polyphenols, and flavonoids, which confer anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. Ginger and its derivatives such as powder, essential oil, and active ginger extracts have been used as natural functional ingredients with health‐promoting and disease‐preventing properties. In recent studies, ginger derivatives have been tested in aquafeeds for their potential as safe herbal medicines. They have shown several benefits, acting as growth promoters and modulators of physiological and biochemical functions. Ginger has been found to improve growth performance, modulate immunity, and enhance disease resistance in fish. Its organic constituents exhibit potent anti‐stress, antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic activities, thereby boosting the specific and nonspecific immunity of aquaculture fish. This review provides a comphrensive summary of studies exploring the effects of dietary ginger on various aspects of fish health including growth performance, blood parameters, immunity, disease resistance, gut morphology, antioxidant status, and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the necessity of elucidating the specific bioactive compounds in ginger responsible for its biological functions and their mechanisms of action against infectious diseases in different fish species.
Partially funded social security and growth
Authors: Bethencourt Carlos , Kunze Lars , Perera‐Tallo Fernando 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between economic growth and the degree of fundedness of a social security system in an overlapping generations model with family altruism. It is shown that the relationship between the degree of fundedness and economic growth is inverted U‐shaped so that a gradual increase in funding may harm growth if bequests are not operative within the family. Our findings put some caution on the conventional view that a higher degree of funded social security is beneficial for growth.
CmMYC2–CmMYBML1 module orchestrates the resistance to herbivory by synchronously regulating the trichome development and constitutive terpene biosynthesis in Chrysanthemum
Authors: Guan Yaqin , Jiang Li , Wang You , Liu Guanhua , Wu Jiayi , Luo Hong , Chen Sumei , Chen Fadi , Niinemets Ülo , Chen Feng , Jiang Yifan 
Published: September 2024

Summary

Trichomes are specialized epidermal outgrowths covering the aerial parts of most terrestrial plants. There is a large species variability in occurrence of different types of trichomes such that the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying the formation and the biological function of trichomes in most plant species remain unexplored.

Here, we used Chrysanthemum morifolium as a model plant to explore the regulatory network in trichome formation and terpenoid synthesis and unravel the physical and chemical roles of trichomes in constitutive defense against herbivore feeding.

By analyzing the trichome‐related genes from transcriptome database of the trichomes‐removed leaves and intact leaves, we identified CmMYC2 to positively regulate both development of T‐shaped and glandular trichomes as well as the content of terpenoids stored in glandular trichomes. Furthermore, we found that the role of CmMYC2 in trichome formation and terpene synthesis was mediated by interaction with CmMYBML1. Our results reveal a sophisticated molecular mechanism wherein the CmMYC2–CmMYBML1 feedback inhibition loop regulates the formation of trichomes (non‐glandular and glandular) and terpene biosynthesis, collectively contributing to the enhanced resistance to Spodoptera litura larvae feeding.

Our findings provide new insights into the novel regulatory network by which the plant synchronously regulates trichome density for the physical and chemical defense against herbivory.
Extra‐Articular Abscess Expansion as a Specific Complication of Septic Arthritis of the Shoulder Joint: Report of Three Cases with Extension of the Infection through the Biceps Groove Producing a Large Abscess
Authors: Ji Jong‐Hun , Parikh Darshil , Hwang Byung‐Jun , Jeong Jinyoung , Oh Seungbae 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundSeptic arthritis of shoulder is a rare clinical entity as the metaphysis is extracapsular and there is no communication between epiphyseal and metaphyseal vessels. Septic arthritis of the shoulder joint is a diagnostic and surgical emergency because joint destruction develops rapidly and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Unusual complications of septic arthritis of the shoulder joint may include extra‐articular abscess extension to the upper arm through the biceps groove and osteomyelitis of the greater tuberosity.Case PresentationSeptic arthritis of the shoulder, if left untreated, can lead to complications such as extra‐articular abscess extension and osteomyelitis. Three patients with septic arthritis of the shoulder joint with no clear history of trauma were reported in this study. The initial presentation was pseudoparalysis with upper arm swelling. MRI diagnosed septic arthritis of shoulder joint together with an upper arm abscess. Arthroscopic debridement with through irrigation and open drainage of the extra‐articular abscess extension to the upper arm improved both the shoulder pain and abscess completely. However, if shoulder pain or abnormalities in laboratory findings continue after initial treatment, uncontrolled septic arthritis or secondary osteomyelitis are possibilities that should be concerned. MRI is a useful tool for detecting those atypical complications.ConclusionsRarely, septic arthritis of the shoulder joint can extend to the upper arm through the biceps tendon groove and cause an abscess. Also, acute osteomyelitis of the tuberosity should be considered in patients with long‐standing refractory septic arthritis of the shoulder joint who have continued pain and uncontrolled laboratory findings after initial treatment.
Opportunistic Assessment of Hip Fracture Risk Based on Chest CT
Authors: Wang Xiong Yi , Yun Si Min , Liu Wei Feng , Wang Yi Ke , Pan Sheng , Xu You Jia 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveHip fracture (HF) has been described as the “last fracture of life” in the elderly, so the assessment of HF risk is extremely important. Currently, few studies have examined the relationship between imaging data from chest computed tomography (CT) and HF. This study demonstrated that pectoral muscle index (PMI) and vertebral body attenuation values could predict HF, aiming to opportunistically assess the risk of HF in patients without bone mineral density (BMD) based on chest CT for other diseases.MethodsIn the retrospective study, 800 participants who had both BMD and chest CT were enrolled from January 2021 to January 2024. After exclusion, 472 patients were finally enrolled, divided into the healthy control (HC) group and the HF group. Clinical data were collected, and differences between the two groups were compared. A predictive model was constructed based on the PMI and CT value of the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4HU) by logistic regression analysis, and the predictive effect of the model was analyzed by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Finally, the clinical utility of the model was analyzed using decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curves.ResultsBoth PMI and T4HU were lower in the HF group than in the HC group (p < 0.05); low PMI and low T4HU were risk factors for HF. The predictive model incorporating PMI and T4HU on the basis of age and BMI had excellent diagnostic efficacy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.865 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.830–0.894, p < 0.01), sensitivity and specificity of 0.820 and 0.754, respectively. The clinical utility of the model was validated using calibration curves and DCA. The AUC of the predictive model incorporating BMD based on age and BMI was 0.865 (95% CI: 0.831–0.895, p < 0.01), with sensitivity and specificity of 0.698 and 0.711, respectively. There was no significant difference in diagnostic efficacy between the two models (p = 0.967).ConclusionsPMI and T4HU are predictors of HF in patients. In the absence of dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), the risk of HF can be assessed by measuring the PMI and T4HU on chest CT examination due to other diseases, and further treatment can be provided in time to reduce the incidence of HF.
A Self‐Regulating Academic Community in Turbulent Times: Ethical Dilemmas in the History of Turkic Studies in Leningrad in the 1930s
Authors: Ikhsanov Anton 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOn February 1931, Russian linguist Sergei Malov sent a complaint to the Union of Education Workers’ Disputes Commission regarding one of his colleagues, Alexander Samoilovich, who was one of the leading Soviet scholars of the time. According to Malov, Samoilovich had used his position and influence to obstruct Malov’s appointment to a professorship for the sole purpose of revenge. Malov demanded an official apology from Samoilovich, certified by the union, for his actions. Scholars who study the history of Oriental Studies in Russia usually focus on the evolution of ideas and approaches within the field, or on the relationship within the profession between knowledge and power. But they have not paid sufficient attention to the self‐regulatory mechanisms that operated within the Soviet Orientologist community. This article argues that during the 1920s and 1930s, a period of great social and political uncertainty, Soviet scholars used “ethics” for specific goals, one of which was to try to limit the scale of intervention by state and party officials in academic life and thereby shelter their community from the unpredictable effects such intervention might have. Malov and Smoilovich, however, attached different meanings to this notion, which consequently played a major role in the collision between the two scholars who previously had been allies.
Asymptotics of the partition function of the perturbed Gross–Witten–Wadia unitary matrix model
Authors: Chen Yu , Xu Shuai‐Xia , Zhao Yu‐Qiu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe consider the asymptotics of the partition function of the extended Gross–Witten–Wadia unitary matrix model by introducing an extra logarithmic term in the potential. The partition function can be written as a Toeplitz determinant with entries expressed in terms of the modified Bessel functions of the first kind and furnishes a ‐function sequence of the Painlevé equation. We derive the asymptotic expansions of the Toeplitz determinant up to and including the constant terms as the size of the determinant tends to infinity. The constant terms therein are expressed in terms of the Riemann zeta‐function and the Barnes ‐function. A third‐order phase transition in the leading terms of the asymptotic expansions is also observed.
Patient–clinician interactions in shared diabetes/nephrology consultations – A qualitative observation study
Authors: Christensen Leah Sejrup , Bauer Eithne Hayes , Primdahl Jette 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of chronic disease is increasing worldwide which, in turn, increases the demand for healthcare services. To meet these demands, healthcare systems are adapting their services in order to reduce treatment costs and ensure coherence for patients with multiple diseases. One form of adaptation is shared outpatient consultations between internal medical specialties. However, little is known about how patients interact with multiple clinicians in shared consultations.AimThis project aimed to explore how patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease interact with multiple clinicians in a shared outpatient setting.Research MethodsWe performed a qualitative ethnographic study, combining focused participant observations with informal field interviews. We included 17 participants, nine males and eight females with a mean age of 67.3 in the project. The data analysis was guided by Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis and Arthur Kleinman's theory of illness and disease.ResultsWe found one over‐arching theme: ‘A consultation which encompassed both illness and disease’ and four subthemes: (1) ‘The medical focal point’ pertained to the focus on physiological measurements in dialogue between patients and clinicians. (2) ‘The possibility of negotiations’ illustrated how decisions about dialysis and pharmacological treatment were based on negotiations. (3) ‘Speaking different languages’ displayed how patients used alternative illness‐based explanations whereas clinicians tended to use biomedical language. (4) ‘Perceptions of everyday life’ concerned what patients considered was best for them when managing their illness and everyday lives.ConclusionPatients present information on how they balance life with physiological and psychosocial challenges. When clinicians employ a biomedical perspective, opportunities to gain information on patients' illness behaviours or cues to negotiate are missed. Patients prioritise functioning on a daily level over following treatment regimes. These findings are tenuous and require verification in similar studies in similar settings.Short PhrasesShared Outpatient Clinic, Patient–clinician interactions.