bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An M1-like Macrophage Polarization in Decidual Tissue during Spontaneous Preterm Labor That Is Attenuated by Rosiglitazone Treatment
Authors: Xu Yi , Romero Roberto , Miller Derek , Kadam Leena , Mial Tara N. , Plazyo Olesya , Garcia-Flores Valeria , Hassan Sonia S. , Xu Zhonghui , Tarca Adi L. , Drewlo Sascha , Gomez-Lopez Nardhy 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Decidual macrophages are implicated in the local inflammatory response that accompanies spontaneous preterm labor/birth; however, their role is poorly understood. We hypothesized that decidual macrophages undergo a proinflammatory (M1) polarization during spontaneous preterm labor and that PPARγ activation via rosiglitazone (RSG) would attenuate the macrophage-mediated inflammatory response, preventing preterm birth. In this study, we show that: 1) decidual macrophages undergo an M1-like polarization during spontaneous term and preterm labor; 2) anti-inflammatory (M2)-like macrophages are more abundant than M1-like macrophages in decidual tissue; 3) decidual M2-like macrophages are reduced in preterm pregnancies compared with term pregnancies, regardless of the presence of labor; 4) decidual macrophages express high levels of TNF and IL-12 but low levels of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) during spontaneous preterm labor; 5) decidual macrophages from women who underwent spontaneous preterm labor display plasticity by M1↔M2 polarization in vitro; 6) incubation with RSG reduces the expression of TNF and IL-12 in decidual macrophages from women who underwent spontaneous preterm labor; and 7) treatment with RSG reduces the rate of LPS-induced preterm birth and improves neonatal outcomes by reducing the systemic proinflammatory response and downregulating mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB, TNF, and IL-10 in decidual and myometrial macrophages in C57BL/6J mice. In summary, we demonstrated that decidual M1-like macrophages are associated with spontaneous preterm labor and that PPARγ activation via RSG can attenuate the macrophage-mediated proinflammatory response, preventing preterm birth and improving neonatal outcomes. These findings suggest that the PPARγ pathway is a new molecular target for future preventative strategies for spontaneous preterm labor/birth.
Artificial Neural Networks as Decision Support Tools in Cytopathology: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Pouliakis Abraham , Karakitsou Efrossyni , Margari Niki , Bountris Panagiotis , Haritou Maria , panayiotides John , Koutsouris Dimitrios , Karakitsos Petros 
Published: February 2016

Objective This study aims to analyze the role of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in cytopathology. More specifically, it aims to highlight the importance of employing ANNs in existing and future applications and in identifying unexplored or poorly explored research topics. Study Design A systematic search was conducted in scientific databases for articles related to cytopathology and ANNs with respect to anatomical places of the human body where cytopathology is performed. For each anatomic system/organ, the major outcomes described in the scientific literature are presented and the most important aspects are highlighted. Results The vast majority of ANN applications are related to cervical cytopathology, specifically for the ANN-based, semiautomated commercial diagnostic system PAPNET. For cervical cytopathology, there is a plethora of studies relevant to the diagnostic accuracy; in addition, there are also efforts evaluating cost-effectiveness and applications on primary, secondary, or hybrid screening. For the rest of the anatomical sites, such as the gastrointestinal system, thyroid gland, urinary tract, and breast, there are significantly less efforts relevant to the application of ANNs. Additionally, there are still anatomical systems for which ANNs have never been applied on their cytological material. Conclusions Cytopathology is an ideal discipline to apply ANNs. In general, diagnosis is performed by experts via the light microscope. However, this approach introduces subjectivity, because this is not a universal and objective measurement process. This has resulted in the existence of a gray zone between normal and pathological cases. From the analysis of related articles, it is obvious that there is a need to perform more thorough analyses, using extensive number of cases and particularly for the nonexplored organs. Efforts to apply such systems within the laboratory test environment are required for their future uptake.
Optimal Quotients of Jacobians With Toric
Reduction and Component Groups
Authors: Papikian Mihran , Rabinoff Joseph 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLet J be a Jacobian variety with toric reduction over a local field K. Let J → E be an optimal quotient defined over K, where E is an elliptic curve. We give examples in which the functorially induced map on component groups of the Néron models is not surjective. This answers a question of Ribet and Takahashi. We also give various criteria under which is surjective and discuss when these criteria hold for the Jacobians of modular curves.
Responses of two nonlinear microbial models to warming and increased carbon input
Authors: Wang Y. P. , Jiang J. , Chen-Charpentier B. , Agusto F. B. , Hastings A. , Hoffman F. , Rasmussen M. , Smith M. J. , Todd-Brown K. , Wang Y. , Xu X. , Luo Y. Q. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. A number of nonlinear microbial models of soil carbon decomposition have been developed. Some of them have been applied globally but have yet to be shown to realistically represent soil carbon dynamics in the field. A thorough analysis of their key differences is needed to inform future model developments. Here we compare two nonlinear microbial models of soil carbon decomposition: one based on reverse Michaelis–Menten kinetics (model A) and the other on regular Michaelis–Menten kinetics (model B). Using analytic approximations and numerical solutions, we find that the oscillatory responses of carbon pools to a small perturbation in their initial pool sizes dampen faster in model A than in model B. Soil warming always decreases carbon storage in model A, but in model B it predominantly decreases carbon storage in cool regions and increases carbon storage in warm regions. For both models, the CO2 efflux from soil carbon decomposition reaches a maximum value some time after increased carbon input (as in priming experiments). This maximum CO2 efflux (Fmax) decreases with an increase in soil temperature in both models. However, the sensitivity of Fmax to the increased amount of carbon input increases with soil temperature in model A but decreases monotonically with an increase in soil temperature in model B. These differences in the responses to soil warming and carbon input between the two nonlinear models can be used to discern which model is more realistic when compared to results from field or laboratory experiments. These insights will contribute to an improved understanding of the significance of soil microbial processes in soil carbon responses to future climate change.
Pluralistic Conceptualizations of Empathy
Authors: Fagiano Mark 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
This paper addresses recent philosophical debates concerning the moral significance of empathy as well as the problems we face in defining empathy. Noting the practical inefficiencies of narrow conceptualizations of empathy, I argue that we ought to adopt broad notions of empathy that are informed by multiple and pluralistic conceptualizations of this phenomenon as they have been articulated throughout history and within different academic disciplines. Broad definitions of empathy, furthermore, offer us a sufficient amount of generality for observing and analyzing the multidimensionality of empathic experiences within a fundamentally relational world.
Can a Feminist Love the Super Bowl?
Authors: Magada-Ward Mary 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
While there are good reasons to celebrate the Super Bowl, my concern in this essay is with the more worrisome pleasure that we take in the violent aspects of professional football. Is our appreciation of the Super Bowl, including the hitting, a pleasure about which we, as feminists, should feel guilty? In order to address this worry, I set into dialogue Mark Edmundson's memoir Why Football Matters and Bonnie Mann's philosophical analysis Sovereign Masculinity: Gender Lessons from the War on Terror, specifically juxtaposing their respective insights about masculinity and its racialization, courage and shame, and war and its symbolization.
Wanbeleid bij Meavita?
Authors: de Groot C. 
Published: February 2016

Wanbeleid bij Meavita?
Op 2 november 2015 oordeelde de Ondernemingskamer dat sprake was van wanbeleid bij Meavita. Deze beslissing is gebaseerd op overwegingen over zowel de (operationele) bedrijfsvoering als de governance van het Meavita-concern. De beschikking roept de vraag op of het oordeel dat sprake was van wanbeleid in alle opzichten terecht is.
Dominant role of many-body effects on the carrier distribution function of quantum dot lasers
Authors: Peyvast Negin , Zhou Kejia , Hogg Richard A. , Childs David T. D. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The effects of free-carrier-induced shift and broadening on the carrier distribution function are studied considering different extreme cases for carrier statistics (Fermi–Dirac and random carrier distributions) as well as quantum dot (QD) ensemble inhomogeneity and state separation using a Monte Carlo model. Using this model, we show that the dominant factor determining the carrier distribution function is the free carrier effects and not the choice of carrier statistics. By using empirical values of the free-carrier-induced shift and broadening, good agreement is obtained with experimental data of QD materials obtained under electrical injection for both extreme cases of carrier statistics.
Substitution of spreading solvent by a less hazardous one for the fabrication of the Au(dmit)2 Langmuir–Blodgett films
Authors: Miura Yasuhiro F. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film based on the ditetradecyldimethylammonium–Au(dmit)2 [2C14N+Me2–Au(dmit)2] salt shows a high room-temperature conductivity of 40 S/cm with a metallic temperature dependence. However, the solvent for spreading the material at the air/water interface is a

mixture of benzene and acetonitrile, which should be substituted by a less hazardous solvent considering the health effects. Here, we report on the substitution of the solvent by a less hazardous one — a

mixture of toluene and acetone; the 2C14N+Me2–Au(dmit)2 LB film fabricated using the mixture also exhibits a high room-temperature conductivity together with a metallic temperature dependence.
Effect of magnesium ion concentration on two-dimensional structure of DNA-functionalized nanoparticles on supported lipid bilayer
Authors: Isogai Takumi , Akada Eri , Nakada Sakiko , Yoshida Naoya , Tero Ryugo , Harada Shunta , Ujihara Toru , Tagawa Miho 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The effect of divalent cations on lipid-bilayer-assisted DNA-functionalized nanoparticle (DNA-NP) assembly has been studied. We previously reported the lateral diffusion of DNA-NPs on planar lipid bilayer patches, owing to the mobility of lipid molecules in a supported lipid bilayer (SLB), and the resultant two-dimensional (2D) assembly of DNA-NPs. We here report the structural change of the assembled 2D DNA-NP lattices by magnesium ion concentration control on a successfully formed uniform SLB. In the magnesium-free buffer solution, DNA-NPs on SLB loosely assembled into quasi-hexagonal ordered lattices. In buffer solution containing 1 mM magnesium acetate, the interparticle distance of DNA-NPs decreased and the lattice structure became disordered. In buffer solution containing 5 mM magnesium acetate, the structure of DNA-NP arrays changed markedly and square lattices appeared. It is suggested that magnesium ions affected DNA molecules, which linked nanoparticles, and enabled the control of the structure of DNA-NP 2D arrays.
Managers’ Personal Characteristics, Bank Supervision, and Cost Stickiness *
Authors: Liang Shangkun , Zhao Gang , Wang Na 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Managers are important human capital of firms and their personal characteristics can have direct and significant effects on firms’ decision behaviour and value creation. This paper explores this issue from the perspective of cost stickiness, using data from manufacturing firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges of China over the period 1999 to 2011. The results are the following. (1) The gender and age of a chairperson can significantly affect a firm’s cost stickiness. Firms with a male chairperson or a young chairperson tend to have higher cost stickiness. However, the chairperson’s tenure does not significantly affect cost stickiness. (2) The degree of bank supervision may influence the relationship between gender/age and cost stickiness. When the degree of bank supervision is high, a chairperson’s personal characteristics do not significantly affect a firm’s cost stickiness. (3) The impact of a chairperson’s personal characteristics and bank supervision on a firm’s cost stickiness is reflected mainly in non-labour costs. Further tests show that long-term and short-term bank loans, as well as bank loans for state-owned and non-state-owned listed firms, have good supervision effects. Overall, these results show that managers’ personal characteristics and bank supervision have an important impact on their firms’ cost behaviour.
Problems in usingp-curve analysis and text-mining to detect rate ofp-hacking and evidential value
Authors: Bishop Dorothy V.M. , Thompson Paul A. 
Published: February 2016

Background.Thep-curve is a plot of the distribution ofp-values reported in a set of scientific studies. Comparisons between ranges ofp-values have been used to evaluate fields of research in terms of the extent to which studies have genuine evidential value, and the extent to which they suffer from bias in the selection of variables and analyses for publication,p-hacking.Methods.p-hacking can take various forms. Here we used R code to simulate the use of ghost variables, where an experimenter gathers data on several dependent variables but reports only those with statistically significant effects. We also examined a text-mined dataset used by Head et al. (2015) and assessed its suitability for investigatingp-hacking.Results.We show that when there is ghostp-hacking, the shape of thep-curve depends on whether dependent variables are intercorrelated. For uncorrelated variables, simulatedp-hacked data do not give the “p-hacking bump” just below .05 that is regarded as evidence ofp-hacking, though there is a negative skew when simulated variables are inter-correlated. The wayp-curves vary according to features of underlying data poses problems when automated text mining is used to detectp-values in heterogeneous sets of published papers.Conclusions.The absence of a bump in thep-curve is not indicative of lack ofp-hacking. Furthermore, while studies with evidential value will usually generate a right-skewedp-curve, we cannot treat a right-skewedp-curve as an indicator of the extent of evidential value, unless we have a model specific to the type ofp-values entered into the analysis. We conclude that it is not feasible to use thep-curve to estimate the extent ofp-hacking and evidential value unless there is considerable control over the type of data entered into the analysis. In particular,p-hacking with ghost variables is likely to be missed.
Persistent multitiered magma plumbing beneath Katla volcano, Iceland
Authors: Budd David A. , Troll Valentin R. , Dahren Börje , Burchardt Steffi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecent seismic unrest and a persistent Holocene eruption record at Katla volcano, Iceland indicate that a near‐future eruption is possible. Previous petrological investigations suggest that Katla is supplied by a simple plumbing system that delivers magma directly from depth, while seismic and geodetic data also point toward the existence of upper‐crustal magma storage. To characterize Katla's recent plumbing system, we established mineral‐melt equilibrium crystallization pressures from four age‐constrained Katla tephras spanning from 8 kyr BP to 1918. The results point to persistent shallow‐ (≤8 km depth) as well as deep‐crustal (ca. 10 – 25 km depth) magma storage beneath Katla throughout the last 8 kyr. The presence of multiple magma storage regions implies that mafic magma from the deeper reservoir system may become gas‐rich during ascent and storage in the shallow crust and erupt explosively. Alternatively, it might intersect evolved magma pockets in the shallow‐level storage region, and so increase the potential for explosive mixed‐magma ash eruptions.
Evolution of the Smart Distribution Grid
Authors: Yeager Kurt 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The transformation of distributed electricity service quality to twenty‐first century digital standards is critical to resolving the serious economic and environmental threats facing the world. The smart distribution grid evolution is enabling the global electricity industry to evolve from the traditional huge centralized power plants to a much more customer‐focused diverse electricity generation, asset ownership, and integration of new, clean distributed energy resources. The results will truly electrify the world in the full meaning of the word.
Today's commodity electricity business models of simply lighting and powering captive rate payers have not advanced significantly in over 80 years. Smart twenty‐first century distribution grids will enable consumers to significantly reduce the time, effort, and cost to optimize the use of electricity in every context including economy, environment, and sustainability. This reinvention of the distribution grid will not only be a job‐providing super‐project, but also a protocol for innovation. At the heart of this service equality, transformations are literally thousands of smart microgrids encompassing large buildings, office parks, and entire communities.
The technical areas of innovation to enable a timely smart distribution grid have been identified and are within reach worldwide. In the wake of Hurricane Sandy, a number of US states are now actively pursuing this initiative, as are many countries worldwide.
The Relationships of the Maxillary Sinus With the Superior Alveolar Nerves and Vessels as Demonstrated by Cone‐Beam CT Combined With μ‐CT and Histological Analyses
Authors: Kasahara Norio , Morita Wataru , Tanaka Ray , Hayashi Takafumi , Kenmotsu Shinichi , Ohshima Hayato 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThere are no available detailed data on the three‐dimensional courses of the human superior alveolar nerves and vessels. This study aimed to clarify the relationships of the maxillary sinus with the superior alveolar nerves and vessels using cone‐beam computed tomography (CT) combined with μ‐CT and histological analyses. Digital imaging and communication in medicine data obtained from the scanned heads/maxillae of cadavers used for undergraduate/postgraduate dissection practice and skulls using cone‐beam CT were reconstructed into three‐dimensional (3D) images using software. The 3D images were compared with μ‐CT images and histological sections. Cone‐beam CT clarified the relationships of the maxillary sinus with the superior alveolar canals/grooves. The main anterior superior alveolar canal/groove ran anteriorly through the upper part of the sinus and terminated at the bottom of the nasal cavity near the piriform aperture. The main middle alveolar canal ran downward from the upper part of the sinus to ultimately join the anterior one. The main posterior alveolar canal ran through the lateral lower part of the sinus and communicated with the anterior one. Histological analyses demonstrated the existence of nerves and vessels in these canals/grooves, and the quantities of these structures varied across each canal/groove. Furthermore, the superior dental nerve plexus exhibited a network that was located horizontally to the occlusal plane, although these nerve plexuses appeared to be the vertical network that is described in most textbooks. In conclusion, cone‐beam CT is suggested to be a useful method for clarifying the superior alveolar canals/grooves including the nerves and vessels. Anat Rec, 299:669–678, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
fullfact: an R package for the analysis of genetic and maternal variance components from full factorial mating designs
Authors: Houde Aimee Lee S. , Pitcher Trevor E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFull factorial breeding designs are useful for quantifying the amount of additive genetic, nonadditive genetic, and maternal variance that explain phenotypic traits. Such variance estimates are important for examining evolutionary potential. Traditionally, full factorial mating designs have been analyzed using a two‐way analysis of variance, which may produce negative variance values and is not suited for unbalanced designs. Mixed‐effects models do not produce negative variance values and are suited for unbalanced designs. However, extracting the variance components, calculating significance values, and estimating confidence intervals and/or power values for the components are not straightforward using traditional analytic methods. We introduce fullfact – an R package that addresses these issues and facilitates the analysis of full factorial mating designs with mixed‐effects models. Here, we summarize the functions of the fullfact package. The observed data functions extract the variance explained by random and fixed effects and provide their significance. We then calculate the additive genetic, nonadditive genetic, and maternal variance components explaining the phenotype. In particular, we integrate nonnormal error structures for estimating these components for nonnormal data types. The resampled data functions are used to produce bootstrap‐t confidence intervals, which can then be plotted using a simple function. We explore the fullfact package through a worked example. This package will facilitate the analyses of full factorial mating designs in R, especially for the analysis of binary, proportion, and/or count data types and for the ability to incorporate additional random and fixed effects and power analyses.