bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Taylor Expansion‐Based Adaptive Design Strategy for Global Surrogate Modeling With Applications in Groundwater Modeling
Authors: Mo Shaoxing , Lu Dan , Shi Xiaoqing , Zhang Guannan , Ye Ming , Wu Jianfeng , Wu Jichun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGlobal sensitivity analysis (GSA) and uncertainty quantification (UQ) for groundwater modeling are challenging because of the model complexity and significant computational requirements. To reduce the massive computational cost, a cheap‐to‐evaluate surrogate model is usually constructed to approximate and replace the expensive groundwater models in the GSA and UQ. Constructing an accurate surrogate requires actual model simulations on a number of parameter samples. Thus, a robust experimental design strategy is desired to locate informative samples so as to reduce the computational cost in surrogate construction and consequently to improve the efficiency in the GSA and UQ. In this study, we develop a Taylor expansion‐based adaptive design (TEAD) that aims to build an accurate global surrogate model with a small training sample size. TEAD defines a novel hybrid score function to search informative samples, and a robust stopping criterion to terminate the sample search that guarantees the resulted approximation errors satisfy the desired accuracy. The good performance of TEAD in building global surrogate models is demonstrated in seven analytical functions with different dimensionality and complexity in comparison to two widely used experimental design methods. The application of the TEAD‐based surrogate method in two groundwater models shows that the TEAD design can effectively improve the computational efficiency of GSA and UQ for groundwater modeling.
Intercultural Communication Competence
Authors: Arasaratnam‐Smith Lily A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntercultural communication competence (ICC) is generally known as effective and appropriate communication between persons from different cultures. This entry introduces ICC, presents a brief history of research in ICC, and discusses the major theories and measures of ICC and the variables associated with it. Additionally, the question whether ICC can be learnt is discussed, and examples of ICC in applied contexts are provided. Potential directions for future research in intercultural communication competence are presented and further readings suggested.
Intergroup Threat Theory
Authors: Stephan Walter G. , Stephan Cookie White 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The overwhelming majority of intercultural interactions are impacted by real or perceived intercultural threats. Most of these threats are either realistic (concern about potentially negative tangible outcomes) or symbolic (concern about potential threat to the ingroup's values, norms, or beliefs). Perceptions of threat are caused by prior or current intercultural relations, personality traits, and other personal characteristics (e.g., ingroup identity), negative attitudes toward the other cultural group and related negative cognitions, lack of prior personal contact with individuals from the other culture, and situational factors (e.g., competition between the cultural groups). When threats are perceived to exist, they can lead to negative emotional and physiological reactions, negative attitudes and intercultural biases, negative verbal and nonverbal behaviors, and overt hostile behavior. This entry ends with a discussion of techniques that could be used to reduce the negative effects of intercultural threats on intercultural interactions.
Othering and Otherness
Authors: Chawla Devika 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This entry offers a general understanding of the meanings of Other in contemporary social and cultural thought. It provides a brief genealogy of Othering in the Western world, looking at the different ways that human beings have been “Othered” and how “Othering” as a process has been transformed over different historical periods—by the Greeks and Romans, by medieval thinkers, by Renaissance and Enlightenment travelers and philosophers—to how it has taken on a pejoratively political location in contemporaneous anthropological understandings of identity. The entry concludes with a discussion of different forms of racial and colonial Otherness, including a discussion of Orientalism as a form of abiding intellectual Otherness that has sustained colonial binaries.
Team‐Meeting Behaviors in Germany and the United States
Authors: Lehmann‐Willenbrock Nale , Meinecke Annika L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Intercultural theories describe core differences between the German and US cultures, and team meetings provide a context for examining such differences. This entry summarizes theoretical approaches to differences between Germany and the US and recent empirical findings on different team interactions in German and US American teams. These findings show that German teams focus more on problem analysis, whereas US teams focus more on solution production. Moreover, German team meetings are characterized by more procedural communication than US team meetings. Finally, US teams show more positive socioemotional meeting behavior such as providing support or encouraging participation than German teams. Recommendations for improving social interactions in intercultural teams are provided.
Pd/Mn Bimetallic Relay Catalysis for Aerobic Aldoxime Dehydration to Nitriles
Authors: Zhang Dongliang , Huang Yaping , Zhang Erlei , Yi Rong , Chen Chao , Yu Lei , Xu Qing 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA Pd/Mn bimetal system was found to be an effective catalyst for dehydration of aldoximes to the useful nitriles under mild aerobic conditions. Different to the known metal‐catalyzed aldoxime dehydration reactions, this reaction very possibly proceeded via an alternative mechanism of Pd/Mn bimetal relay catalysis involving a Mn‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation of aldoximes to nitrile oxides by air and a Pd‐catalyzed oxygen transfer from the nitrile oxides to the solvent acetonitrile. This method tolerates a variety of substrates including sterically bulky ones and also the natural product derivative.magnified image
Direct Asymmetric Michael Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones Catalyzed by Two Secondary Amine Catalysts
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Umekubo Nariyoshi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA direct asymmetric Michael reaction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and ketones proceeded in the presence of two pyrrolidine‐type catalysts, a diphenylprolinol silyl ether and hydroxyproline, to afford synthetically useful δ‐keto aldehydes with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity. Although there are several iminium ions and enamines in the reaction mixture, the iminium ion generated by the former catalyst reacts preferentially with the enamine generated by the latter catalyst.
Cobalt(II)‐based Metalloradical Activation of 2‐(Diazomethyl)pyridines for Radical Transannulation and Cyclopropanation
Authors: Roy Satyajit , Das Sandip Kumar , Chattopadhyay Buddhadeb 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA new catalytic method for the denitrogenative transannulation/cyclopropanation of in‐situ‐generated 2‐(diazomethyl)pyridines is described using a cobalt‐catalyzed radical‐activation mechanism. The method takes advantage of the inherent properties of a CoIII‐carbene radical intermediate and is the first report of denitrogenative transannulation/cyclopropanation by a radical‐activation mechanism, which is supported by various control experiments. The synthetic benefits of the metalloradical approach are showcased with a short total synthesis of (±)‐monomorine.
A simple and rapid HPLC‐UV method for the determination of retigabine in human plasma
Authors: Franco Valentina , Baruffi Katia , Gatti Giuliana , Marchiselli Roberto , Fattore Cinzia , Canevini Maria Paola , Crema Francesca , Perucca Emilio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA simple and rapid high‐performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection was developed for the quantitative determination of retigabine, known also as ezogabine, in human plasma. The assay uses a simple solid‐phase extraction for sample preparation and direct injection of the extract into the chromatograph. Flupirtine is used as an internal standard. Chromatographic separation is achieved on a C18 Chromolith column (Chromolith Performance, 100 × 4.6 mm i.d.), using as mobile phase water/acetonitrile/methanol (72:18:10 v/v/v) mixed with 0.1% of 85% phosphoric acid. Isocratic elution is conducted at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min−1. The total duration of a chromatographic run is 7 min. Calibration curves are linear over the 25–2000 ng mL−1 concentration range, with a limit of quantitation of 25 ng mL−1. Other performance characteristics include high precision (intra‐ and inter‐day coefficients of variation ≤12.6%) and high accuracy (99.7%–108.7%). The method is suitable for the investigation of concentration–response relationships in patients receiving therapeutic doses of retigabine.
Not Oligomers but Amyloids are Cytotoxic in the Membrane‐Mediated Amyloidogenesis of Amyloid‐β Peptides
Authors: Itoh Naoya , Takada Eri , Okubo Kaori , Yano Yoshiaki , Hoshino Masaru , Sasaki Akira , Kinjo Masataka , Matsuzaki Katsumi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe formation of neurotoxic aggregates by amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) is considered to be a key step in the onset of Alzheimer's disease. It is widely accepted that oligomers are more neurotoxic than amyloid fibrils in the aqueous‐phase aggregation of Aβ. Membrane‐mediated amyloidogenesis is also relevant to the pathology, although the relationship between the aggregate size and cytotoxicity has remained elusive. Here, aggregation processes of Aβ on living cells and cytotoxic events were monitored by fluorescence techniques. Aβ formed amyloids after forming oligomers composed of ≈10 Aβ molecules. The formation of amyloids was necessary to activate apoptotic caspase‐3 and reduce the ability of the cell to proliferate; this indicated that amyloid formation is a key event in Aβ‐induced cytotoxicity.
Direct and Enantioselective Synthesis of N−H‐Free 1,5‐Benzodiazepin‐2‐ones by an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed [3+4] Annulation Reaction
Authors: Fang Chao , Cao Jing , Sun Kewen , Zhu Jindong , Lu Tao , Du Ding 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn NHC‐catalyzed formal [3+4] annulation of α,β‐unsaturated acylazoliums with protecting‐group‐free aryl 1,2‐diamines was developed for a direct and highly enantioselective synthesis of 4‐aryl N−H‐free 1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones. This methodology offers an efficient and rapid access to a wide range of enantioenriched target compounds from easily accessible starting materials. The protocol is also scalable and the desired products can easily undergo subsequent N‐functionalization to afford diverse N‐substituted derivatives. Additionally, a mechanism was proposed to explain the high enantioselectivity in this process.
Allostatic load but not medical burden predicts memory performance in late‐life bipolar disorder
Authors: Vaccarino Sophie R. , Rajji Tarek K. , Gildengers Ariel G. , Waters Sarah E.S. , Butters Meryl A. , Menon Mahesh , Blumberger Daniel M. , Voineskos Aristotle N. , Miranda Dielle , Mulsant Benoit H. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveOlder patients with bipolar disorder (BD) present with variable degrees of cognitive impairment. Over time, stress, mood episodes, and comorbidities increase the body's allostatic load. We assessed the extent to which allostatic load vs more traditional measures of medical burden account for the heterogeneity in cognition in this population.MethodsThirty‐five older euthymic patients with BD and 30 age‐equated, gender‐equated, and education‐equated comparison participants were administered a comprehensive assessment including a neuropsychological battery, and 9 physiological measures to determine allostatic load. The relationship among allostatic load, medical burden, and cognition was assessed.ResultsCompared with the mentally healthy comparators, patients were impaired globally, and in 4 cognitive domains—information‐processing speed / executive functioning, delayed memory, language, and visuomotor ability, and presented with greater medical burden but not a different allostatic load. Allostatic load, but not medical burden, was associated with delayed memory performance both in a correlational analysis and in a multivariate regression analysis.ConclusionEuthymic older patients with BD are impaired on several cognitive domains and have high medical burden. Their memory performance is more strongly associated with allostatic load than with traditional measures of medical burden. These findings need to be replicated and extended longitudinally.
A novel report of MiR‐4301 induces cell apoptosis by negatively regulating DRD2 expression in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Gholipour Naghmeh , Ohradanova‐Repic Anna , Ahangari Ghasem 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn several cancers, microRNA (miRNAs) play vital roles in tumor initiation, drug resistance, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to examine the expression levels of miR‐4301 in human breast cancer and investigate whether its potential roles involved targeting Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2). Real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was also used to examine the expression levels of miR‐4301 in human breast cancer cell lines MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7, and SKBR3. In these cell lines, MTT assay, immunofluorescence staining, caspase assay, proliferation assay, and flow cytometry were conducted to explore the potential functions of miR‐4301. The effects of modulating miR‐4301 on transcription levels of DRD2 were subsequently confirmed via qRT‐PCR. miR‐4301 expression levels were significantly decreased in human breast cancer specimens and cell lines (P < 0.05). Transfection of miR‐4301 in breast cancer cells suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Expression analysis indicated that miR‐4301 was inversely correlated with DRD2 expression in breast cancer specimens. qRT‐PCR showed that miR‐4301 negatively regulated DRD2 expression. Downregulation of DRD2 expression in MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7, and SKBR3 cells suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis.
Association of rno‐miR‐183‐96‐182 cluster with diethyinitrosamine induced liver fibrosis in Wistar rats
Authors: Chandel Rajeev , Saxena Roli , Das Ashim , Kaur Jyotdeep 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTChronic liver injury due to various etiological factors including environmental carcinogens results in development of liver fibrosis. Numerous studies showed role of miRNAs in liver fibrosis. In the present study, we determined the rno‐miR‐183‐96‐182 cluster expression during hepatic fibrosis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) treated Wistar rats and its association with plasma levels of circulating rno‐miR‐96, rno‐miR‐182, rno‐miR‐183, liver function test and lipid profile, aiming to identify their potential for histological stratification and early diagnosis of liver fibrosis. We found significant upregulation in the hepatic expression of rno‐miR‐183‐96‐182 cluster upon development of fibrosis in a DEN treated rats. Interestingly, the hepatic expression of this miRNA cluster correlates positively with the progression of fibrosis. Univariate analysis showed that hepatic expression of rno‐miR‐182‐5p and rno‐miR‐183‐5p and plasma activity of ALT are significant predictors of fibrosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a panel of rno‐miR‐182‐5p and ALT that can discriminate F2‐F3 from F0‐F1 (AUC = 0.87; P‐value < 0.001), F4‐F5‐F6 from F0 to F1 (AUC = 0.981; P‐value < 0.001), and F4‐F5‐F6 from F2 to F3 (AUC = 0.824; P‐value < 0.001). A significant positive correlation of rno‐miR‐183‐96‐182 cluster members was also observed with plasma activities of ALT, AST, ALP, and levels of total cholesterol, HDLc and LDLc during fibrosis progression in DEN treated Wistar rats. Thus, it can be concluded that rno‐miR‐183‐96‐182 cluster being significantly up regulated and associated with chronic liver disease might play a role in fibrosis maintenance and progression. A panel of rno‐miR‐182‐5p and ALT being significant predictors of fibrosis might improve histological stratification of fibrosis staging.
Retracted: Effects of microRNA‐330 on vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques formation and vascular endothelial cell proliferation through the WNT signaling pathway in acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Ren Jing , Ma Rui , Zhang Zhu‐Bo , Li Yang , Lei Ping , Men Jian‐Long 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study is designed to investigate the effects of microRNA (miR)‐330 on atherosclerotic plaques formation and vascular endothelial (VE) cell proliferation by targeting MAPK8 through the WNT signaling pathway in rats with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Expression of hemodynamic variables were tested. Rats were allocated into control, blank, negative control (NC), miR‐330 mimic, miR‐330 inhibitor, DDK‐1, miR‐330 inhibitor + DDK‐1 groups. ELISA was used to evaluate the expression of TC, TG, LDL‐C, hs‐CRP, IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α, and SAA. Immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used for expression of VEGF, MAPK8, WNT1, β‐catenin, GSK‐3β, p‐GSK‐3β, CyclinD1, MMP‐9, IL‐6, and IL‐8. MTT assay and flow cytometry for cell proliferation and apoptosis. Compared with the control group, other groups had lower levels of SBP, DBP, MBP, LVSP, and miR‐330, higher levels of HR, LVEDP, TC, TG, LDC‐C, hs‐CRP, IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α, SAA, higher positive protein expression rates of MAPK8, VEGF, and MMP‐9, elevated WNT1, β‐catenin, GSK‐3β and CyclinD1, and reduced cell proliferation. MAPK8‐3'‐UTR was targeted by miR‐330. Compared with the blank group, the miR‐330 mimic and DDK‐1 groups had higher levels of SBP, DBP, MBP, LVSP, lower levels of HR, LVEDP, TC, TG, LDC‐C, hs‐CRP, IL‐6, TNF‐α, SAA, elevated IL‐10, decreased positive protein expression rates of MAPK8 and VEGF, raised cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis rates. We conclude that overexpressed miR‐330 suppresses atherosclerotic plaques formation while promotes VE cell proliferation by targeting MAPK8 through the WNT signaling pathway in ACS rats.
RETRACTED: microRNA‐383 suppresses the PI3K‐AKT‐MTOR signaling pathway to inhibit development of cervical cancer via down‐regulating PARP2
Authors: Teng Peng , Jiao Yan , Hao Min , Tang Xin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the effect of the regulatory relationship between microRNA‐383 (miR‐383) and PARP2 in the cell migration and invasion in human with cervical cancer (CC) via the PI3K‐AKT‐MTOR signaling pathway. Cancerous tissues and corresponding paracancerous tissues were collected from 115 patients with CC. The positive expression rate of PARP2 was detected by immunohistochemistry. HeLa cells with highest miR‐383 expression were selected and assigned into the blank, negative control (NC), miR‐383 mimic, miR‐383 inhibitor, si‐PARP2, and miR‐383 inhibitor + si‐PARP2 groups. qRT‐PCR and Western blot were performed to evaluate the expression of miR‐383, PI3K, AKT, mTOR, PARP2, and p70S6K. MTT assay were utilized to measure cell viability. Transwell assay were applied to evaluate cell invasion and metastasis. Dual luciferase reporter assay identified that PARP2 is a target gene of miR‐383. Cancerous tissues manifested higher expression of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, PARP2, and p70S6K but lower miR‐383 expression than paracancerous tissues. Compared with the blank and NC groups, the miR‐383 mimic and si‐PARP2 groups had decreased expression of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, PARP2, and p70S6K mRNA and protein. In the miR‐383 mimic and si‐PARP2 groups, the cell viability, migration, and invasion were descended, in comparison to the blank and NC groups. All above parameters showed an opposite trend in the miR‐383 inhibitor group when compared with the blank and NC groups. This study demonstrates that miR‐383 could down‐regulate PARP2 to protect against CC by inhibiting PI3K‐AKT‐MTOR signaling pathway.
Reduction of two histone marks, H3k9me3 and H3k27me3 by epidrug induces neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer
Authors: Lee Eunsohl , Wang Jingcheng , Jung Younghun , Cackowski Frank C. , Taichman Russell S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNeuroendocrine prostate cancer (NE PCa) is an aggressive malignancy, often presenting with advanced metastasis. We previously reported that reduction of histone marks regulated by DNMT1 following epidrug (5‐Azacitidine, 5‐Aza) treatment controls induction of epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) and a cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype, which facilitates tumorigenesis in PCa cells. Here, we use the epidrug 5‐Aza as a model for how histone marks may regulate the reprogramming of prostate adenocarcinoma into NE phenotypic cells. First, we observed that 5‐Aza treatment of PCa cells in vitro induces a neuron‐like phenotype. In addition, significant increases in the expression of the NE markers N‐Myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), enolase‐2 (ENO2), and synaptophysin were observed. Critically, a high density of NE cells with synaptophysin expression was found in tumors generated by 5‐Aza pretreatment of PCa cells. Importantly, induction of NE differentiation of PCa cells was associated with an enhancement of NDRG1 expression by reduction of two histone marks, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. Further, more NDRG1 expression was detected in the subset of PCa cells with reduced expression of H3K9me3 or H3K27me3 in the tumors generated by 5‐Aza pretreated PCa cells and critically, these biological differences are also observed in small cell carcinoma in advanced stage of human primary PCa tumors. Our results suggest that reduction of histone marks regulated by the epidrug 5‐Aza may control induction of a NE phenotype, which facilitates PCa progression. These studies suggest a strong rationale for developing therapeutics, which target epigenetic regulation.
Lnc RNA SNHG20 participated in proliferation, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells via miR‐495
Authors: Guan Yan‐Xing , Zhang Meng‐zhi , Chen Xue‐Zhong , Zhang Qing , Liu Shao‐Zheng , Zhang Yong‐Lu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTo explore the mechanism of lnc SNHG20 in the regulation of proliferation, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells. mRNA levels of SNHG20, miR‐495, and HER2 were detected by qRT‐PCR. Protein level of HER2 was measured by Western blot. Cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were detected by CCK‐8 assay, Boyden chamber assay, and Transwell assay. The combination between SNHG20 and miR‐495 was confirmed by RNA pull down assay. The combination between miR‐495 and HER2 was confirmed by luciferase report assays. We also established breast cancer‐bearing mice model and analyzed tumor volumes. Our data showed SNHG20 expression was significantly upregulated, miR‐495 expression was significantly downregulated, and HER2 expression was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Besides, SNHG20 promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells. We also found SNHG20 negatively regulated miR‐495, and miR‐495 could negatively regulate HER2. Moreover, we discovered that SNHG20 regulated HER2 via miR‐495. SNHG20 regulated proliferation, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells via miR‐495/HER2. Finally, we confirmed the mechanism of SNHG20 in the regulation of proliferation, invasion, and migration in breast cancer‐bearing mice model. SNHG20 regulates HER2 via miR‐495 to promote proliferation, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells.