bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estudo epidemiológico das lentiviroses de pequenos ruminantes na Mesorregião do Oeste Maranhense, Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Michele Moreira Martins de , Mourão Patrick Assunção , Lamark Lyah , Silva Ana Lucia Abreu 
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the sanitary and epidemiological profiles of small ruminant lentiviruses (LVPR) from Meso West Maranhense in Imperatriz Microregion, Maranhão, Brazil. Questionnaires were applied in 57 rural properties of this region, in a total of 14 Municipalities. Beside that, 710 blood samples were collected for serologic testing. The results showed that sanitary conditions are poor and the most frequent disease were: myiasis (78.9%), caseous lymphadenitis (59.6%), foot pad dermatitis (47.4%), abortion (43.90%), mastitis (31.6 %). Serologic testing revealed that the general prevalence of lentiviruses was 7.5% (53/710) did not differ from each other: 7.5% (39/481) of sheep and 7.4% (14/176 ) goats. Regarding the municipalities it was observed that 12 of the 14 municipalities assessed presented positive animals for LVPR, characterizing the circulating viruses in this one. Among seven of these Municipalities the prevalence ranged from 8% to 15%.
Egyptian Influence and Aegean Transformation at Akrotiri, Thera: The Jug no. 8960 With a Libation Scene
Authors: Banou Emilia 
Published: September 2016

In the 2nd millennium B.C. Aegean and Egyptian relations are well attested by a variety of artifacts. In this article, the depiction of an emblematic falcon together with a libation scene combining principal Aegean cult elements on a jug from Akrotiri, Thera, is explored as probable corroborating evidence for sun worship in the Aegean, analogous but not identical to its Egyptian counterpart.
A workflow to preserve genome‐quality tissue samples from plants in botanical gardens and arboreta
Authors: Gostel Morgan R. , Kelloff Carol , Wallick Kyle , Funk Vicki A. 
Published: September 2016

Premise of the study:Internationally, gardens hold diverse living collections that can be preserved for genomic research. Workflows have been developed for genomic tissue sampling in other taxa (e.g., vertebrates), but are inadequate for plants. We outline a workflow for tissue sampling intended for two audiences: botanists interested in genomics research and garden staff who plan to voucher living collections.Methods and Results:Standard herbarium methods are used to collect vouchers, label information and images are entered into a publicly accessible database, and leaf tissue is preserved in silica and liquid nitrogen. A five‐step approach for genomic tissue sampling is presented for sampling from living collections according to current best practices.Conclusions:Collecting genome‐quality samples from gardens is an economical and rapid way to make available for scientific research tissue from the diversity of plants on Earth. The Global Genome Initiative will facilitate and lead this endeavor through international partnerships.
Development and characterization of 27 microsatellite markers for the mangrove fern, Acrostichum aureum (Pteridaceae)
Authors: Yamamoto Takashi , Tsuda Yoshiaki , Mori Gustavo Maruyama , Cruz Mariana Vargas , Shinmura Yoshimi , Wee Alison K. S. , Takayama Koji , Asakawa Takeshi , Yamakawa Takeru , Suleiman Monica , Núñez‐Farfán Juan , Webb Edward L. , Watano Yasuyuki , Kajita Tadashi 
Published: September 2016

Premise of the study:Twenty‐seven nuclear microsatellite markers were developed for the mangrove fern, Acrostichum aureum (Pteridaceae), to investigate the genetic structure and demographic history of the only pantropical mangrove plant.Methods and Results:Fifty‐six A. aureum individuals from three populations were sampled and genotyped to characterize the 27 loci. The number of alleles and expected heterozygosity ranged from one to 15 and 0.000 to 0.893, respectively. Across the 26 polymorphic loci, the Malaysian population showed much higher levels of polymorphism compared to the other two populations in Guam and Brazil. Cross‐amplification tests in the other two species from the genus determined that seven and six loci were amplifiable in A. danaeifolium and A. speciosum, respectively.Conclusions:The 26 polymorphic microsatellite markers will be useful for future studies investigating the genetic structure and demographic history of of A. aureum, which has the widest distributional range of all mangrove plants.
A genomic approach for isolating chloroplast microsatellite markers for Pachyptera kerere (Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Francisco Jessica N. C. , Nazareno Alison G. , Lohmann Lúcia G. 
Published: September 2016

Premise of the study:In this study, we developed chloroplast microsatellite markers (cpSSRs) for Pachyptera kerere (Bignoniaceae) to investigate the population structure and genetic diversity of this species.Methods and Results:We used Illumina HiSeq data to reconstruct the chloroplast genome of P. kerere by a combination of de novo and reference‐guided assembly. We then used the chloroplast genome to develop a set of cpSSRs from intergenic regions. Overall, 24 primer pairs were designed, 21 of which amplified successfully and were polymorphic, presenting three to nine alleles per locus. The unbiased haploid diversity per locus varied from 0.207 (Pac28) to 0.817 (Pac04). All but one locus amplified for all other taxa of Pachyptera.Conclusions:The markers reported here will serve as a basis for studies to assess the genetic structure and phylogeographic history of Pachyptera.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for the endangered wetland plant Adenophora palustris (Campanulaceae)
Authors: Otake Kuniaki , Kondo Toshiaki , Watanabe Sonoko , Masumoto Ikuko , Iwahori Katsumi , Isagi Yuji 
Published: September 2016

Premise of the study:Adenophora palustris (Campanulaceae) is an endangered wetland plant species in Japan. Although it is widely distributed in East Asia, only six extant populations are known in Japan, with fewer than 1000 individuals in total. We developed 15 microsatellite markers for this species and confirmed their utility for the closely related species A. triphylla var. japonica.Methods and Results:Ten polymorphic loci were characterized for genetic variation within three populations of A. palustris. The number of alleles per locus ranged from four to 15, with an average of 9.3; the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.48 to 0.89, with an average of 0.74. Nine loci were successfully amplified in A. triphylla var. japonica, and three of these loci showed polymorphism.Conclusions:These markers are useful for investigating genetic diversity and gene flow within and among remnant populations of A. palustris in Japan, and the results will provide crucial information for conservation.
Development of transcriptome‐derived SSR markers for Hoya ledongensis (Apocynaceae) and cross‐amplification in a congener
Authors: Chen Zheng , Deng Yuncheng , Zhou Renchao , He Shaoyun 
Published: September 2016

Premise of the study:To examine patterns of genetic diversity and test possible hybridization events, microsatellite markers were identified and characterized in Hoya ledongensis (Apocynaceae), and cross‐amplification was tested in a congener, H. jianfenglingensis.Methods and Results:Based on the transcriptome data of H. ledongensis, 46 microsatellite primer pairs were randomly selected for initial validation. From these, 28 primer pairs were successfully amplified, 12 of which were polymorphic in 36 individuals across three populations of H. ledongensis. The number of alleles per microsatellite locus ranged from two to 11. The observed and expected heterozygosities for the 12 loci ranged from 0.133 to 0.867 and 0.128 to 0.894, respectively. Cross‐species amplification was successful for these 12 loci in the congeneric species H. jianfenglingensis.Conclusions:These polymorphic transcriptome‐derived simple sequence repeat markers have the potential to be used as multilocus molecular markers to study the population genetics and natural hybridization in species of Hoya.
THE INTERPLANETARY NETWORK RESPONSE TO LIGO GW150914
Authors: Hurley K. , Svinkin D. S. , Aptekar R. L. , Golenetskii S. V. , Frederiks D. D. , Boynton W. , Mitrofanov I. G. , Golovin D. V. , Kozyrev A. S. , Litvak M. L. , Sanin A. B. , Rau A. , Kienlin A. von , Zhang X. , Connaughton V. , Meegan C. , Cline T. , Gehrels N. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We have performed a blind search for a gamma-ray transient of arbitrary duration and energy spectrum around the time of the LIGO gravitational-wave event GW150914 with the six-spacecraft interplanetary network (IPN). Four gamma-ray bursts were detected between 30 hr prior to the event and 6.1 hr after it, but none could convincingly be associated with GW150914. No other transients were detected down to limiting 15–150 keV fluences of roughly 5 ×10−8–5 × 10−7 erg cm−2. We discuss the search strategies and temporal coverage of the IPN on the day of the event and compare the spatial coverage to the region where GW150914 originated. We also report the negative result of a targeted search for the Fermi-GBM event reported in conjunction with GW150914.
NATAL KICKS AND TIME DELAYS IN MERGING NEUTRON STAR BINARIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR r-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS IN ULTRA-FAINT DWARFS AND IN THE MILKY WAY
Authors: Beniamini Paz , Hotokezaka Kenta , Piran Tsvi 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Merging neutron star binaries are prime candidate sources for heavy r-process nucleosynthesis. The amount of heavy r-process material is consistent with the mass ejection and rates of mergers, and abundances of relic radioactive materials suggest that heavy r-process material is produced in rare events. Observations of possible macronovae provide further support for this model. Still, some concerns remain. One is the observation of heavy r-process elements in ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxies. The escape velocities from UFDs are so small that the natal kicks, taking place at neutron stars’ birth, might eject such binaries from UFDs. Furthermore, the old stellar populations of UFDs require that r-process nucleosynthesis must have taken place very early on, while it may take several Gyr for compact binaries to merge. This last problem arises also within the Milky Way where heavy r-process materials have been observed in some low-metallicity stars. We show here that

of neutron star binaries form with a sufficiently small proper motion to remain bound even in a UFD. Furthermore, approximately 90% of double neutron stars with an initial separation of 1011 cm merge within 300 Myr and

merge in less than 100 Myr. This population of “rapid mergers” explains the appearance of heavy r-process material in both UFDs and in the early Milky Way.
A NEW GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE SIGNATURE FROM STANDING ACCRETION SHOCK INSTABILITY IN SUPERNOVAE
Authors: Kuroda Takami , Kotake Kei , Takiwaki Tomoya 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We present results from fully relativistic three-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulations of a non-rotating

star using three different nuclear equations of state (EoSs). From our simulations covering up to ∼350 ms after bounce, we show that the development of the standing accretion shock instability (SASI) differs significantly depending on the stiffness of nuclear EoS. Generally, the SASI activity occurs more vigorously in models with softer EoS. By evaluating the gravitational-wave (GW) emission, we find a new GW signature on top of the previously identified one, in which the typical GW frequency increases with time due to an accumulating accretion to the proto-neutron star (PNS). The newly observed quasi-periodic signal appears in the frequency range from ∼100 to 200 Hz and persists for ∼150 ms before neutrino-driven convection dominates over the SASI. By analyzing the cycle frequency of the SASI sloshing and spiral modes as well as the mass accretion rate to the emission region, we show that the SASI frequency is correlated with the GW frequency. This is because the SASI-induced temporary perturbed mass accretion strikes the PNS surface, leading to the quasi-periodic GW emission. Our results show that the GW signal, which could be a smoking-gun signature of the SASI, is within the detection limits of LIGO, advanced Virgo, and KAGRA for Galactic events.
Dual Perspectives on Stigma: Reports of Experienced and Enacted Stigma by those Affected and Unaffected by Podoconiosis
Authors: Ayode Desta , Tora Abebayehu , Farrell David , Tadele Getnet , Davey Gail , McBride Colleen M. 
Published: September 2016

Background Disease-related stigma is a public health concern steadily gaining global attention. Evidence consistently shows that an individual's attribution of disease cause can prompt or justify interpersonal stigma. However, few studies have explored causal beliefs about inherited disease and their influence on stigmatising behaviours in low and middle income countries. Design and methods The study was conducted in 2013, in six communities in Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 1800 respondents took part in the study, 600 were affected by an inherited disease and 1200 were unaffected neighbours. Two versions of the interviewer-administered survey were created, with measures assessed in parallel on experienced stigma for the affected and enacted stigma for unaffected respondents. Results Mean levels of enacted stigma reported by unaffected respondents were slightly lower (2.0, SD=0.7) than experienced stigma reported by affected respondents [2.2 (standard deviation=1.1)]. Beliefs that podoconiosis was hereditary were significantly and positively associated with levels of enacted stigma reported by unaffected respondents and experienced stigma reported by affected respondents (P<0.001). There was no association of reported levels of stigma experienced by affected respondents with levels of enacted stigma reported by the neighbouring unaffected respondents. Males consistently reported significantly lower levels of experienced and enacted stigma than females, P<0.0001. Conclusions If stigma reduction interventions are to be successful, culturally tailored, gender inclusive and innovative health education programs are required, directed at the general community as well as individuals affected by inherited diseases.
Retention Initiatives Used by Professional Master's Athletic Training Program Directors
Authors: Bowman Thomas G. , Dodge Thomas M. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. 
Published: September 2016

Context
Many professional master's athletic training program directors believe retention is a problem facing athletic training education. However, it remains unknown what steps, if any, are taken to improve retention.

Objective
To inquire with program directors about their respective methods and interventions aimed at increasing retention rates.

Design
Qualitative study.

Setting
Professional master's athletic training programs.

Patients or Other Participants
Fifteen program directors out of 25 responded to an online survey invitation for a response rate of 60%. We also completed follow-up telephone interviews with 8 randomly selected program directors to gather greater insight into the ways they improve retention.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
We asked directors of all 25 professional master's athletic training programs in the United States to complete an online survey. We also asked 8 program directors from those who responded to complete telephone interviews. Grounded theory guided data analysis and we secured credibility through the use of multiple-analyst triangulation, member checks, and peer review.

Results
We identified 3 themes of ways program directors help improve student retention rates. Our participants described adequately screening admissions packets, providing financial support to defray the cost of pursuing a degree in athletic training at the professional master's level, and various student initiatives.

Conclusions
Based on our findings, we recommend a thorough application process that screens prospective students and identifies those who can complete the program. Program directors should also find ways to help defray the costs of earning a master's degree to allow students to become integrated into the program intellectually, socially, and clinically without increasing stress levels. Finally, providing students with opportunities for early socialization and mentoring should be aimed at explaining program expectations while preparing the students for professional practice.
The Effects of an Electronic Audience Response System on Athletic Training Student Knowledge and Interactivity
Authors: Tivener Kristin Ann , Hetzler Tona 
Published: September 2016

ContextElectronic audience response systems (ARSs) are a technological teaching tool currently being used with widespread success within various disciplines of higher education. Researcher support for its application in athletic training education remains sparse, however.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine whether use of an ARS in a basic athletic training course improved student knowledge acquisition and interactivity.DesignPreintervention and postintervention surveys.SettingCommission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited athletic training program.Patients or Other ParticipantsSixty-nine undergraduate students enrolled in one of 2 sections of an introductory athletic training course.Main Outcome Measure(s)A mixed-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to look for differences in knowledge acquisition based upon group membership (control versus experimental) and the effect of instruction.ResultsAn interaction was discovered for the effect of instruction and use of the ARS (F1,59 = 5.89, P = .018, η2p = .091), indicating that the acquisition of knowledge in the experimental group (7.97 ± 1.49) was greater than for the control group (7.24 ± 1.75). A mixed-measure ANOVA found differences in classroom interactivity based upon group membership. There was a main effect for interactivity (F1,59 = 5.40, P = .024, η2p = .084), indicating that interactive participation increased among students from 7.16 ± 1.23 on the pretest to 7.56 ± 1.08 on the posttest; however, there was no interaction between interactivity and group membership, indicating that both the control and experimental groups increased interactivity at the same rate.ConclusionsAudience response system technology improved student knowledge when used in an introductory athletic training course. Additional research should investigate active learning tools to determine what most strongly affects students' interactivity.
An Analysis of Doctoral Students' Perceptions of Mentorship During Their Doctoral Studies
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Bowman Thomas G. , Klossner Joanne C. 
Published: September 2016

Context
Mentorship has been established as a key facilitator of professional socialization for athletic trainers into various professional roles. Understanding how current doctoral students are trained to serve in future faculty roles is critical, as there is an increased demand for athletic trainers to serve in this capacity.

Objective
Gain an understanding of the relationship that develops between a doctoral student and the athletic training faculty mentor.

Design
Qualitative study.

Setting
Universities with athletic training doctoral students.

Patients or Other Participants
Twenty-eight doctoral students (19 females, 9 males; average age = 28 ± 3 years) participated in our study. The doctoral students were certified for 6 ± 3 years and represented 5 different National Athletic Trainers' Association districts and 9 different universities.

Main Outcome Measures
One-on-one telephone interviews following a semistructured script were recorded with all participants. Upon completion, each interview was transcribed and analyzed using a thematic approach. Peer review, multiple analyst triangulation, and stakeholder checks ensured trustworthiness.

Results
Three themes emerged from our thematic analysis procedure: (1) The relationship between the student and the faculty mentor needs to be one that is supportive, yet viewed as yielding autonomy and collaboration; (2) the relationship between the student and the faculty mentor needs to include opportunities for professional development specifically related to skill acquisition and development related to a future academic role; and (3) the relationship between the student and the faculty mentor must demonstrate a mutual investment in the educational experience.

Conclusions
Mentoring is necessary to help ensure a quality experience for doctoral students preparing for future positions in higher education or research. Like previous research in socialization, doctoral students want autonomy in their roles, but value their mentor's feedback and support. Therefore, doctoral faculty mentors should demonstrate strong communication skills and provide doctoral students opportunities for diverse learning experiences.
Designing Simulations for Athletic Training Students Through Interprofessional Teaching Collaboration
Authors: Tivener Kristin Ann , Gloe Donna Sue 
Published: September 2016

ContextWhile multidisciplinary team approaches to education and practice have been promoted for decades, literature on collaborative efforts in athletic training and nursing remains sparse.ObjectiveThe goal of this article is to provide an example of an interprofessional teaching collaboration in which a simulation scenario was developed between athletic training and nursing education faculty members and to outline the observed benefits and barriers arising from this approach.BackgroundInterprofessional education and interdepartmental faculty collaboration are increasingly becoming more established and practiced elements of health professionals' education. Bringing together professionals from diverse but interrelated disciplines in a collaborative teaching activity can enhance students' understanding of the health care system and the technical expertise each professional provides in emergent situations.DescriptionIn many health care education programs simulation has been increasingly used as a teaching tool to provide students with opportunities to practice and learn in an environment that mirrors reality as closely as possible. An example of a simulation scenario developed through an interprofessional teaching collaborative is provided as a foundational design for reproduction.Clinical Advantage(s)Interprofessional teaching collaboration of athletic training and nursing faculty can greatly enhance the content and realism of cardiopulmonary simulation for athletic training students when it involves the combined knowledge and experience of these 2 disciplines.Conclusion(s)Interprofessional teaching collaboration in simulation scenarios can greatly enhance learning insights and clinical relevance for athletic training students.