bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical phenotype of hereditary versus sporadic prostate cancer: HPC definition revisited
Authors: Cremers Ruben G. , Aben Katja K. , van Oort Inge M. , Sedelaar J.P. Michiel , Vasen Hans F. , Vermeulen Sita H. , Kiemeney Lambertus A. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDThe definition of hereditary prostate cancer (HPC) is based on family history and age at onset. Intuitively, HPC is a serious subtype of prostate cancer but there are only limited data on the clinical phenotype of HPC. Here, we aimed to compare the prognosis of HPC to the sporadic form of prostate cancer (SPC).METHODSHPC patients were identified through a national registry of HPC families in the Netherlands, selecting patients diagnosed from the year 2000 onward (n = 324). SPC patients were identified from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR) between 2003 and 2006 for a population‐based study into the genetic susceptibility of PC (n = 1,664). Detailed clinical data were collected by NCR‐registrars, using a standardized registration form. Follow‐up extended up to the end of 2013. Differences between the groups were evaluated by cross‐tabulations and tested for statistical significance while accounting for familial dependency of observations by GEE. Differences in progression‐free and overall survival were evaluated using χ2 testing with GEE in a proportional‐hazards model.RESULTSHPC patients were on average 3 years younger at diagnosis, had lower PSA values, lower Gleason scores, and more often locally confined disease. Of the HPC patients, 35% had high‐risk disease (NICE‐criteria) versus 51% of the SPC patients. HPC patients were less often treated with active surveillance. Kaplan–Meier 5‐year progression‐free survival after radical prostatectomy was comparable for HPC (78%) and SPC (74%; P = 0.30). The 5‐year overall survival was 85% (95%CI 81–89%) for HPC versus 80% (95%CI 78–82%) for SPC (P = 0.03).CONCLUSIONSHPC has a favorable clinical phenotype but patients more often underwent radical treatment. The major limitation of HPC is the absence of a genetics‐based definition of HPC, which may lead to over‐diagnosis of PC in men with a family history of prostate cancer. The HPC definition should, therefore, be re‐evaluated, aiming at a reduction of over‐diagnosis and overtreatment among men with multiple relatives diagnosed with PC. Prostate 76:897–904, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. The Prostate published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A game theoretic approach for energy‐efficient communications in multi‐hop cognitive radio networks
Authors: Shu Zhihui , Qian Yi , Yang Yaoqing (Lamar) , Sharif Hamid 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn multi‐hop cognitive radio networks, it is a challenge to improve the energy efficiency of the radio nodes. To address this challenge, in this paper, we propose a two‐level Stackelberg game model, where the primary users and the secondary users act as the leaders and the followers, respectively. Based on the game model, our proposed scheme not only considers the power allocation problem for secondary users but also takes into account the price of spectrum. First, we give the cognitive radio network model, and show how to set up the game theoretic model in multi‐hop cognitive radio networks. We then analyze this problem and show the existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium point for the game. We also study the impact of the spectrum price of the primary users in the cognitive radio network and study how to select the best price for the primary users to maximize their own profit. Finally, we implement simulations to show the performance of our schemes. Our work gives an insight on how to improve the energy efficiency and allocate spectrum resources in multi‐hop cognitive radio networks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fermentation of lignocellulosic sugars to acetic acid byMoorella thermoacetica
Authors: Ehsanipour Mandana , Suko Azra Vajzovic , Bura Renata 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA systematic study of bioconversion of lignocellulosic sugars to acetic acid by Moorella thermoacetica (strain ATCC 39073) was conducted. Four different water-soluble fractions (hydrolysates) obtained after steam pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass were selected and fermented to acetic acid in batch fermentations. M. thermoacetica can effectively ferment xylose and glucose in hydrolysates from wheat straw, forest residues, switchgrass, and sugarcane straw to acetic acid. Xylose and glucose were completely utilized, with xylose being consumed first. M. thermoacetica consumed up to 62 % of arabinose, 49 % galactose and 66 % of mannose within 72 h of fermentation in the mixture of lignocellulosic sugars. The highest acetic acid yield was obtained from sugarcane straw hydrolysate, with 71 % of theoretical yield based on total sugars (17 g/L acetic acid from 24 g/L total sugars). The lowest acetic acid yield was observed in forest residues hydrolysate, with 39 % of theoretical yield based on total sugars (18 g/L acetic acid from 49 g/L total sugars). Process derived compounds from steam explosion pretreatment, including 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (0.4 g/L), furfural (0.1 g/L) and total phenolics (3 g/L), did not inhibit microbial growth and acetic acid production yield. This research identified two major factors that adversely affected acetic acid yield in all hydrolysates, especially in forest residues: (i) glucose to xylose ratio and (ii) incomplete consumption of arabinose, galactose and mannose. For efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic sugars to acetic acid, it is imperative to have an appropriate balance of sugars in a hydrolysate. Hence, the choice of lignocellulosic biomass and steam pretreatment design are fundamental steps for the industrial application of this process.
Exploring Existential Coping Resources: The Perspective of Koreans with Cancer
Authors: Ahmadi Fereshteh , Park Jisung , Kim Kyung Mee , Ahmadi Nader 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the use of meaning-making coping (existential, spiritual, and religious coping) among cancer patients in Korea and to investigate the impact of culture on their choice of coping methods. Thirty-three participants with various kinds of cancer were interviewed. Four different kinds of coping resources emerged from analyses of the interview transcripts: (1) belief in the healing power of nature; (2) mind–body connection; (3) relying on transcendent power; and (4) finding oneself in relationships with others. The findings of this study suggest the importance of investigating cultural context when exploring the use of the meaning-making coping strategies in different countries.
Kinetic Approach to Model Reactive Transport and Mixed Salt Precipitation in a Coupled Free-Flow–Porous-Media System
Authors: Jambhekar V. A. , Mejri E. , Schröder N. , Helmig R. , Shokri N. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Evaporative salinization of the agricultural soil is a chronic problem in arid, semiarid and coastal regions worldwide. As a shallow subsurface issue, it is strongly influenced by the free-flow (henceforth, FF) and porous-media (henceforth, PM) flow and transport processes. In specific, it is mainly affected by the mass, momentum and energy exchange between the FF and the PM regions. Furthermore, salt precipitation in such systems is strongly determined by the interaction between different dissolved ionic species. In the scope of this work, we extend the REV-scale coupled FF–PM model concept for salinization proposed by Jambhekar et al. (Transp Porous Media, 2015), to describe reactive transport of ionic species

$$\text {Na}^+$$

Na
+

,

$$\text {Cl}^-$$

Cl
-

and

$$\text {I}^-$$

I
-

and mixed salt precipitation (here, NaCl and NaI). In the first part of our numerical analysis, we illustrate precipitation behavior of NaCl using equilibrium and kinetic approaches. Both approaches are found to be in good agreement with experimental observations. However, in the literature it is often discussed that for mixed salt systems found in the nature, the equilibrium precipitation–dissolution assumption is not easily justifiable. Therefore, in the second part of our numerical analysis, we extend the kinetic approach to describe mixed salt precipitation in an NaCl–NaI system and compare it with the equilibrium precipitation approach. Our numerical analysis indicate that the simulation results for these approaches are very similar and analogous with the phenomenological explanations.
Kinematic Vorticity Analysis along the Karakoram Shear Zone, Pangong Mountains, Karakoram: Implications for the India–Asia Tectonics
Authors: Roy Priyom , Jain A. K. , Singh Sandeep 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
The Karakoram Shear Zone (KSZ) is a northwest-southeast trending dextral ductile shear zone that has mylonitized the Tangste and Darbuk granitoids of the southern margin of the Asian plate. Kinematic vorticity (Wk) has been estimated in 6 mylonitized Tangste granite samples, using Porphyroclast Hyperbolic Distribution (PHD) and Shear Band (SB) Analyses methods on well-developed quartz and feldspar porphyroclasts, and synthetic and antithetic shear bands respectively to visualize the overall deformation of the KSZ. The PHD and SB analyses yield Wk values ranging from Wk=0.29 to 0.43 and 0.45 to 0.93, respectively, thus indicating distinct pure and simple shear dominant regimes during different stages of the evolution of the KSZ. Strain has essentially been pure shear when southern edge of the Asian plate was initially juxtaposed against the Indian plate around 70 Ma, and changed to simple shear, possibly during the reactivation of this shear zone during 21-13 Ma to produce the shear bands.
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Tehri Reservoir Rim Region, Uttarakhand
Authors: Kumar Rohan , Anbalagan R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
A comprehensive use of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method in landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) has been presented for rim region of Tehri reservoir. Using remote sensing data, various landslide causative factors responsible for inducing instability in the area were derived. Ancillary data such as geological map, soil map, and topographic map were also considered along with remote sensing data. Exhaustive field checks were performed to define the credibility of the random landslide conditioning factors considered in this study. Apart from universally acceptable inherent causative factors used in the susceptibility mapping, others such as impact of reservoir impoundment on terrain, topographic wetness index and stream power index were found to be important causative factors in rim region of the Tehri reservoir. The AHP method was used to acquire weights of factors and their classes respectively. Weights achieved from AHP method matched with the existing field conditions. Acceptable consistency ratio (CR) value was achieved for each AHP matrix. Weights of each factor were integrated with weighted sum technique and a landslide susceptibility index map was generated. Jenk’s natural break classifier was used to classify LSI map into very low, low, moderate, high and very high landslide susceptible classes. Validation of the susceptibility map was performed using cumulative percentage/success rate curve technique. Area under curve value of the success rate curve was converted to percentage validation accuracy and a reasonable 78.7% validation accuracy was achieved.
New Record of Coralline Algae from the Holocene Sediments of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India
Authors: Misra Utkarsh , Kishore S. , Singh S. K. , Misra P. K. , Jauhri A. K. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
The present paper examines the coralline algal assemblage recovered from the Holocene sediments of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India. The assemblage comprises nine species of coralline algae which include Amphiroa fragilisma, Lithophyllum nitorum, Lithophyllum incrustans, Lithoporella melobesioids, Spongites sp., Porolithon craspedium, Aethesolithon problematicum, Clathromorphum parcum, Melobesoideae gen. et spec. indet. Clathromorphum parcumis an endophytic coralline alga reported for the first time from the Indian subcontinent. Out of these, seven species belong to the family Corallinaceae and the two represent the family Hapalidiaceae of the class Rhodophyceae. Coralline algal association of this area is dominated by Lithophylloideae, Melobesioideae and Mastophoroideae which include encrusting to fragmented growth forms. The associated branching corals are well developed and adapted to shallow, warm water, low turbid, protected lagoonal environment.
A Comparison of Mg/Ca Ratios in Globigerinoides ruber (white): sensu stricto versus a Mixture of Genotypes
Authors: Naik Sushant S. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
Mg/Ca ratios were measured in core AAS9/21 from the eastern Arabian Sea (EAS), on two sets of planktonic foraminifera, one with a mixture of Globigerinoides ruber genotypes (sensu stricto and sensu lato) and the second which contained only G. ruber sensu stricto, living in the top 30 m of the water column. During the Holocene, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in set 1 are cooler in comparison to that of set 2. During the deglaciation, SSTs derived using both these sets are similar, probably due to increased upwelling during this period. The drawback in using undifferentiated G. ruber is that the relative proportion of each genotype varies through different time periods as seen in the EAS and may influence the temperature reconstructions.
Morphometric Analysis of Diyung Watershed in Northeast India using GIS Technique for Flood Management
Authors: Kusre B. C. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
The North eastern region is characterized by undulating terrain and high rainfall. Such condition creates a situation of floods in the downstream plain areas of Assam. Difficulties in monitoring the data collection of hydrological events (runoff and sediment yield) in the rugged terrain hinders the planning of suitable control measures. To overcome such constraints alternate measures need to be explored and the study of terrain is one such approach. The study of terrain (morphometry) can help in diagnosing the hydrological behavior of any watershed. In the present study morphometric analysis was done to determine the drainage characteristics of Diyung watershed in Kopili river basin using topographic maps and GIS tools. The morphometric analysis indicates high values of stream density (15464), stream length ratio (1.81); Bifurcation ratio (3.66), RHO coefficient (0.49), Stream frequency (5.26 km−2), Drainage density (3.24), indicative of high runoff generation capabilities of the watershed. This high runoff from the watershed is the main reason for floods in the downstream areas. Based on the results, structural and non-structural measures are proposed to mitigate the impacts of flood events.
Fraser Syndrome: Prenatal Detection at 16 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Selvaraj Lakshmy Ravi , Yakoob Shahid 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFraser syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by syndactyly, renal abnormalities, genital malformation, and in some cases, cryptophthalmos. This syndrome had been diagnosed in the second pregnancy of a 22-year-old woman at 22 weeks of gestation based on prenatal scan, postnatal clinical examination, and autopsy findings. The third pregnancy was uneventful. In the fourth pregnancy, features of Fraser syndrome were evident in the first trimester 11–14 week aneuploidy scan. A review scan at 16 weeks of gestation confirmed the findings of Fraser syndrome. Early ultrasound diagnosis of recurrence of this syndrome as early as 16 weeks of gestation is highlighted.
Hypertonic saline in severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Berger-Pelleiter Elyse , Émond Marcel , Lauzier François , Shields Jean-François , Turgeon Alexis F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesHypertonic saline solutions are increasingly used to treat increased intracranial pressure following severe traumatic brain injury. However, whether hypertonic saline provides superior management of intracranial pressure and improves outcome is unclear. We thus conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effect of hypertonic saline in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.MethodsTwo researchers independently selected randomized controlled trials studying hypertonic saline in severe traumatic brain injury and collected data using a standardized abstraction form. No language restriction was applied. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Web of Science, and BIOSIS databases. We searched grey literature via OpenGrey and National Technical Information Service databases. We searched the references of included studies and relevant reviews for additional studies.ResultsEleven studies (1,820 patients) were included. Hypertonic saline did not decrease mortality (risk ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83 to 1.11, I2=0%) or improve intracranial pressure control (weighted mean difference −1.25 mm Hg, 95% CI −4.18 to 1.68, I2=78%) as compared to any other solutions. Only one study reported monitoring for adverse events with hypertonic saline, finding no significant differences between comparison groups.ConclusionsWe observed no mortality benefit or effect on the control of intracranial pressure with the use of hypertonic saline when compared to other solutions. Based on the current level of evidence pertaining to mortality or control of intracranial pressure, hypertonic saline could thus not be recommended as a first-line agent for managing patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
Large-amplitude flapping of an inverted flag in a uniform steady flow – a vortex-induced vibration
Authors: Sader John E. , Cossé Julia , Kim Daegyoum , Fan Boyu , Gharib Morteza 
Published: March 2016

The dynamics of a cantilevered elastic sheet, with a uniform steady flow impinging on its clamped end, have been studied widely and provide insight into the stability of flags and biological phenomena. Recent measurements by Kimet al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 736, 2013, R1) show that reversing the sheet’s orientation, with the flow impinging on its free edge, dramatically alters its dynamics. In contrast to the conventional flag, which exhibits (small-amplitude) flutter above a critical flow speed, the inverted flag displays large-amplitude flapping over a finite band of flow speeds. The physical mechanisms giving rise to this flapping phenomenon are currently unknown. In this article, we use a combination of mathematical theory, scaling analysis and measurement to establish that this large-amplitude flapping motion is a vortex-induced vibration. Onset of flapping is shown mathematically to be due to divergence instability, verifying previous speculation based on a two-point measurement. Reducing the sheet’s aspect ratio (height/length) increases the critical flow speed for divergence and ultimately eliminates flapping. The flapping motion is associated with a separated flow – detailed measurements and scaling analysis show that it exhibits the required features of a vortex-induced vibration. Flapping is found to be periodic predominantly, with a transition to chaos as flow speed increases. Cessation of flapping occurs at higher speeds – increased damping reduces the flow speed range where flapping is observed, as required. These findings have implications for leaf motion and other biological processes, such as the dynamics of hair follicles, because they also can present an inverted-flag configuration.
Acute tryptophan depletion and Lewy body dementias
Authors: Mace Janet L. , Porter Richard J. , Dalrymple-Alford John C. , Collins Chris , Anderson Tim J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:Studies using acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) to examine the effects of a rapid reduction in serotonin function have shown a reduction in global cognitive status during ATD in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Based on the severe cholinergic loss evident in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease and dementia (PDD), we predicted that a reduction of global cognitive status during ATD would be greater in these conditions than in AD.Methods:Patients having DLB or PDD underwent ATD in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design.Results:While the study intended to test 20 patients, the protocol was poorly tolerated and terminated after six patients attempted, but only four patients – three with DLB and one with PDD – completed the protocol. The Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) score was reduced in all three DLB patients and unchanged in the PDD and dementia patient during ATD compared with placebo.Conclusions:This reduction in global cognitive function and the poor tolerability may fit with the hypothesis that people with dementia with Lewy bodies have sensitivity to the effects of reduced serotonin function.
Antidepressant use and mortality in very old people
Authors: Boström Gustaf , Hörnsten Carl , Brännström Jon , Conradsson Mia , Nordström Peter , Allard Per , Gustafson Yngve , Littbrand Håkan 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:Antidepressant treatment may increase the risk of death. The association between antidepressants and mortality has been evaluated in community-dwelling older people, but not in representative samples of very old people, among whom dementia, multimorbidity, and disability are common.Methods:Umeå 85+/GERDA study participants (n = 992) aged 85, 90, and ≥95 years were followed for up to five years. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze mortality risk associated with baseline antidepressant treatment, adjusted for potential confounders.Results:Mean age was 89 years; 27% of participants had dementia, 20% had stroke histories, 29% had heart failure, and 16% used antidepressants. In age- and sex-adjusted analyses, antidepressant use was associated with a 76% increased mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41–2.19). Adding adjustment for Geriatric Depression Scale score, HR was 1.62 (95% CI, 1.29–2.03). The association was not significant when adjusting for additional confounding factors (HR = 1.08; 95% CI, 0.85–1.38). Interaction analyses in the fully adjusted model revealed a significant interaction between sex and antidepressant use (HR: 1.76; 95% CI, 1.05–2.94). Among male and female antidepressant users, the HRs for death were 0.76 (95% CI, 0.47–1.24) and 1.28 (95% CI, 0.97–1.70), respectively.Conclusion:Among very old people, baseline antidepressant treatment does not seem to be independently associated with increased mortality risk. However, the risk may be different in men and women. This difference and the potential risk of initial treatment require further investigation in future cohort studies of very old people.
Property rights and economic development: the legacy of Japanese colonial institutions
Authors: YOO DONGWOO , STECKEL RICHARD H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSeveral studies link development to institutions transplanted by European colonizers and here we extend this line of research to Asia. Japan imposed its system of well-defined property rights on some of its Asian colonies. In 1939, Japan began to register private land in its island colonies, an effort that was completed in Palau but interrupted elsewhere by World War II. Within Micronesia, robust economic development followed only in Palau where individual property rights were well defined. We show that well-defined property rights in Korea and Taiwan secured land taxation and enabled farmers to obtain bank loans for irrigation systems. Considering Japanese colonies, we use the presence or absence of a land survey as an instrument to identify the causal impact of new institutions. Our estimates show that property-defining institutions were important for economic development, results that are confirmed when using a similar approach with British Colonies in Asia.