bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan Abu Sekam Padi menjadi Katalis Heterogen dalam Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Sawit
Authors: Kusyanto Kusyanto , Hasmara Purwa Aditya 
Published: July 2017

Berdasarkan data BPS Kaltim (2014) jumlah produksi padi mencapai 432.612 ton/tahun. Produksi padi tersebut menghasilkan sekam padi rata-rata sebesar 20%. Sekam padi masih kurang dimanfaatkan dengan baik sehingga hanya menjadi tumpukan limbah pertanian. Abu sekam padi mengandung senyawa yang dapat digunakan sebagai support katalis yaitu diantaranya SiO2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan abu sekam padi yang telah dikalsinasi dengan impregnasi KOH sebagai katalis pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak sawit secara konvensional. Sekam padi dikalsinasi pada suhu 500Â°C selama 3 jam lalu diimpregnasi dengan KOH 1,9 N. Kemudian dibilas dengan aquadest dan dioven hingga beratnya konstan. Transesterifikasi dilakukan pada minyak sawit dengan perbandingan massa terhadap volume minyak (10%, 15%, 20%, 25% v/b). Hasil yang didapatkan, semakin banyak massa katalis yang digunakan, konversi yield yang diperoleh semakin tinggi yaitu mencapai 67%. Viskositas dan densitas memenuhi standar biodiesel. Hasil uji surface area BET diperoleh surface area spesifik sebelum dan sesudah impregnasi berturut-turut adalah 89,937 m2/g dan 5,471 m2/g. Analisa produk dengan menggunakan GC-MS dilakukan untuk mendapatkan jenis methyl ester sterarate, palmitat, dan Linoleat.
Characteristics of phosphate phase (fluorapatite and monazite) in the South Nam Xe carbonatites, Northwest Vietnam
Authors: Thủy Nguyễn Thị , Nụ Nguyễn Thị Hồng 
Published: July 2017

<p>This paper presents characteristics of appearance and mineral chemistry of phosphate phase, including fluorapatite and monazite in the South Nam Xe carbonatite dykes in Northwest Vietnam. These minerals occur in both calcio- and ferrocarbonatites in various modes. Most of the fluorapatites in the calciocarbonatites are oblong to elongated, and have sharp contacts with calcite, aegirine and phlogopite suggesting their primary origin; whereas those in the ferrocarbonatites are commonly present in forms of stubby to perfect hexagonal prismatic crystals, which partly replaced by the monazite. The monazites in the ferrocarbonatites also occur as hundreds micro isolated crystals, which associated with ankerite, feldspar, magnetite and phlogopite.</p><p>Contents of fluor and rare earth elements (REE) are relatively high (F up to 4.26 wt.%; REE up to 5.19 wt.%) indicating a F- and REE-enriched precipitation for the carbonatites. The enrichment in light REEs in the fluorapatite is paired with an enrichment in Na, varying from 0.25 wt.% to 0.89 wt.%. The replacement of REE and Na for Ca in the fluorapatites, which leads to change in CaO/P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> ratios might show an open system where Ca and P are added to areas of the fluorapatite depleted in light REE (LREE). REE contents in the monazite show a very limited variation, and are mainly composed of La, Ce and Nd (La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> = 21.09-22.72 wt.%, Ce<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> = 32.82-33.35 wt.%, Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> = 6.96-8.20 wt.% in calciocarbonatite; La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> = 16.61-17.39 wt.%, Ce<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> = 32.07-33.52 wt.%, Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> = 8.92-10.94 wt.% in ferrocarbonatite). </p>
As sequências didáticas como um procedimento de ensino para o gênero artigo de opinião
Authors: Mesquita Elisete Maria De Carvalho , Leão Cleonice De Moraes Evangelista , Souza Dalma Flávia Barros Guimarães de 
Published: July 2017

Este artigo visa a apresentar uma proposta de trabalho para o artigo de opinião, que pode ser aplicada em salas de aula do Ensino Fundamental II. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, estabelecemos uma discussão a respeito de alguns temas que se relacionam com os interesses desta pesquisa, quais sejam: argumentação e ensino, o gênero artigo de opinião e as sequências didáticas. Considerando a interação entre esses temas e, obedecendo aos pressupostos de Dolz, Noverraz e Schneuwly (2004), principalmente, elaboramos uma proposta para o ensino do gênero artigo de opinião, com o objetivo de levar o aluno a apropriar-se deste gênero e, consequentemente, aprimorar suas habilidades linguísticas e discursivas. Por meio dessa proposta, relacionamos a teoria com a prática pedagógica, no intuito de subsidiar o trabalho dos professores de língua portuguesa, quando o objetivo é ensinar os alunos a produzirem gêneros. Acreditamos que este trabalho possa diminuir a distância entre o que se ensina e o que o aluno utiliza em suas práticas sociais.
Premiers regards sur les sauvages (xvie siècle)
Authors: Duviols Jean-Paul 
Published: July 2017

En se référant aux premiers témoignages des « visiteurs » européens sur les sauvages des Antilles et sur ceux du Brésil, on s’aperçoit que la remarque la plus fréquente est leur nudité inattendue, mais qu’ils ne manifestent pas une très grande surprise. Il en va de même pour le cannibalisme qui est décrit sans manifester trop d’émotion. Il semble que l’explication de cette attitude soit la tradition médiévale du « sauvage » européen, survivance d’un lointain passé. Quant à l’anthropophagie, elle est jugée moins « cruelle » que les supplices infligés aux vivants durant les guerres de religion. Elle n’en restera pas moins comme un signe iconographique du Nouveau Monde et comme un facile argument pour justifier leur domination.
Quelques Calibans cannibales entre historiographie, idéologie et littérature latino-américaine
Authors: Simorra Daniel Vives 
Published: July 2017

Ce travail examine la figure de Caliban et de son double « anagrammatique » le « cannibale » tant dans le discours d’essai que dans d’autres formes littéraires. On s’efforce de les replacer dans le contexte des débats qui touchent aux rapports conflictuels entre historiographie et fiction. D’où la sauvagerie d’un Caliban-cannibale qui se situe à la croisée de l’histoire proprement dite et du fictionnel, de l’idéologie et de la rhétorique (tropes, symboles, métaphores). La discussion s’oriente notamment sur les formulations et les représentations de Caliban dans le domaine latino--américain (Rubén Darío, Roberto Fernández Retamar, Carlos Jáuregui…). On tente aussi de situer ces images du sauvage et du barbare, dans l’espace non occidental qui lui est propre, par rapport à certains courants de pensée récents – Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, Gayatri Spivak, critiques latino-américains de la subalternité-postcolonialité. Malgré le tour volontiers théorique et spéculatif des questions traitées, on ne peut négliger la question éminemment polémique de la réalité ou de la fabulation du « fait cannibale ». L’étude s’achève par une présentation, par force quelque peu sélective, du traitement que reçoivent Caliban et ses semblables, violents ou ensauvagés, dans le roman et la poésie latino-américaine depuis la fin du XIXe siècle.
Qu’entendre par jeu dans l’enseignement et l’apprentissage des langues : diversité des situations et des modalités d’apprentissage
Authors: Brougère Gilles 
Published: July 2017

Derrière le vocable « jeu » on trouve des activités qui ont toutes les caractéristiques du jeu, d’autres qui sont des hybrides entre jeu et exercice scolaire, d’autres encore que l’on baptise « activités ludiques » et dont le lien avec le jeu est souvent ténu si ce n’est qu’il s’agit d’activités qui sont supposées moins ennuyeuses, plus amusantes. En relation avec l’apprentissage d’une langue, il peut s’agir de situations informelles autour d’un jeu en ligne ou d’autres formes de jeu ou de situations formelles, plus ou moins scolaires, où le jeu est proposé pour ses effets éducatifs (ou supposés tels) et non plus seulement dans une perspective de divertissement. Cet article tente de clarifier la question des enjeux du jeu dans l’enseignement et l’apprentissage d’une langue seconde en croisant l’analyse du jeu et celle de l’apprentissage.
Inter- and intra-observer variability of ultrasonographic arm muscle thickness measurement by critical care physicians
Authors: Hadda V , Kumar R , Dhungana A , Khan MA , Madan K , Khilnani GC 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess inter- and intra-observer variability of arm muscle thickness measured by critical care physicians using bedside ultrasonography (USG).

Methodology:
This prospective study included twenty patients admitted with sepsis. Three measurements of thickness of right arm muscles of each patient using B-mode USG were taken by two critical care fellows, independently. Intra- and inter-observer reliability was tested using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results:
The mean 1st, 2nd, and 3rd measurements of muscle thickness recorded by observer 1 and 2 were 23.620 (±4.171) versus 23.840 (±3.849) mm, 23.235 (±3.620) versus 23.625 (±4.062) mm, and 24.125 (±4.098) versus 23.965 (±3.651) mm, respectively. The average muscle thickness measured by first and second observer was 23.660 (±3.834) mm and 23.810 (±3.674) mm, respectively. ICC for intra-observer variability for observer 1 and 2 was 0.964 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.924–0.985) and 0.949 (95% CI 0.892–0.978), respectively. ICC for inter-observer variability was 0.995 (95% CI 0.988–0.998).

Conclusions:
USG is a reliable tool for assessment of arm muscle thickness by critical care physicians.
População feminina atendida no SUS e prevalência de alterações citológicas no colo do útero
Authors: Backes Luana Taís Hartmann , Mezzari Adelina , Calil Luciane Noal 
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-0221.2016v13n22p56O presente estudo visa rastrear uma população de mulheres atendidas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) na região do Alto Uruguai, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) cujo exame citológico foi realizado em um laboratório que atende particulares, convênios e é referência no atendimento SUS e verificar a prevalência, nestas mulheres, de alterações citológicas no colo do útero. A partir do início do ano de 2012, foi realizada uma busca retrospectiva de todos os exames SUS, de citologia cervicovaginal realizados no período de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2011, no referido laboratório. A coleta dos dados foi realizada a partir dos laudos laboratoriais mantidos no sistema de resultados do Laboratório. Os critérios de inclusão foram estabelecidos pelos laudos com características pré-malignas (atipias) e de malignidade, e os de exclusão os sem nenhuma alteração. No período do estudo foram realizados 62280 exames do SUS neste laboratório, com 2049 (3,3%) laudos positivos para algum tipo de lesão. Destes, 758 (36,99%) foram casos de atipias (ASC) e destas 360 (47,49%) permaneceram com lesões benignas (ASC-US) porém 225 (29,68%) evoluíram para lesão de alto grau (ASC-H) e 173 (22,82%) não repetiram o exame. No presente estudo foi observada uma alta prevalência 36,99% de alterações citológicas no colo do útero, na população feminina atendida no SUS na Região do Alto Uruguai Gaúcho. Destas 29,68%, evoluíram para ASC-H e 22,82%, das pacientes não repetiram o exame, para acompanhamento da evolução da lesão. Isto reforça a necessidade de implementação de uma política preventiva permanente.
Descortinando enfermagem através da arte: uma experiência integradora em busca da interdisciplinaridade
Authors: Finger Denise , Souza Jeane Barros de , Potrich Tassiana 
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-0221.2017v14n25p173O enfermeiro necessita abrir novos olhares de atuação profissional, refletindo a interdisciplinaridade e buscando atender aos princípios da transversalidade e integralidade das ações de saúde e cuidado. Assim, o presente artigo objetiva relatar a vivência na construção e realização de atividades integradoras e interdisciplinares no curso de graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal Fronteira Sul (UFFS), campus Chapecó, durante a reformulação de seu Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP). Trata-se de um relato de experiência acadêmica do Grupo de Trabalho Catavento, o qual lançou, no primeiro semestre de 2015, a proposta da atividade integradora com o tema central “O que eu penso da Enfermagem”. Durante a realização da atividade, constatou-se a grande interação entre discentes e docentes de diferentes fases e componentes curriculares. Assim, a atividade foi avaliada pelos participantes como uma atividade de extrema importância para a integração do curso, com sugestões de novas estratégias para os próximos semestres.
Nietzsche and Aristotle on Friendship and Self-Knowledge
Authors: Harris Daniel I. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Focusing on Nietzsche's “middle period,” I argue that in those works friendship serves a vital function in Nietzsche's account of self-creation, and that there a kind of self-knowledge figures importantly. It is knowledge not of a self per se, but of an ineliminable need for what Nietzsche will call self-overcoming, the imperative to understand oneself as importantly constituted by processes of change and development rather than as the logical or transcendental condition of such processes. Friends figure in such processes because they are best placed to propel us on the particular path down which our development leads by making life seem worthwhile, and so making the processes of self-creation matter too. Here, I discuss Nietzsche's view of friendship and self-knowledge as it compares to that of Aristotle. And I attempt to show how Nietzsche's positive account of friendship and self-knowledge makes sense against the background of his more general criticisms of modern morality.
Devenir candidat en France : règles et pratiques de sélection au PS et à l’UMP pour les élections législatives
Authors: Squarcioni Laure 
Published: July 2017

En France, les partis politiques font face au défi de la démocratisation interne pour le recrutement de leurs candidats. Si le parti politique accompagne l’élu tout au long de sa carrière politique, l’investiture est le moment partisan fort pour un aspirant candidat aux élections législatives et lui permet de devenir le candidat officiel de son parti. Cet article s’intéresse à la lecture des règles de sélection et de la pratique au sein des partis par les aspirants candidats – lecture qui permet de mieux cerner un parti au-delà de l’image qu’il tente de donner de lui-même – et se propose de répondre aux questions suivantes. Quel est l’impact des modes de sélection des candidats sur le comportement des aspirants candidats ? Quelle(s) lectures(s) en font les députés, gagnants de cette sélection et de l’élection ? Est-il possible d’identifier certains comportements stratégiques ou d’adaptation, face aux règles de sélection mises en place par les partis politiques ? L’article s’intéresse aux procédures d’investiture des deux grands partis français, le Parti socialiste (PS) et l’Union pour un mouvement populaire (UMP). L’hypothèse de départ, construite à partir de la littérature théorique existante sur la sélection politique, se base sur la nature du sélectorat dans le parti (inclusif/exclusif), qui impliquerait la mise en place de stratégies différentes pour être investi. En s’appuyant à la fois sur l’analyse des règles formelles des partis (statuts et règlements) et sur celle des comportements déclarés d’anciens candidats devenus députés, l’article montre qu’au-delà de certaines différences écrites entre le PS et l’UMP, les comportements des aspirants candidats sont assez similaires dans les deux partis, notamment pour ce qui est du poids important de la pratique et des règles implicites de ces partis. Les comportements de recherche d’investiture divergent surtout suivant une autre variable : l’ancienneté politique. La prime au sortant, malgré la démocratisation de certaines procédures, garde tout son poids dans la sélection des candidats.
Le mystère de Québec
Authors: Daoust Jean-François 
Published: July 2017

Québec est un mystère politique et nombreuses sont les explications proposées pour comprendre le comportement électoral de la région de la capitale. Par rapport au reste de la province, les citoyens de la région choisissent d’élire beaucoup plus de députés de partis conservateurs depuis les années 1970. Plusieurs chercheurs ont examiné ce casse-tête, mais aucun modèle théorique n’est en mesure d’en rendre compte et de lever le voile sur le mystère. Cette recherche revient sur les modèles d’explication proposés pour ensuite tester empiriquement quelques relations qui pourraient s’avérer fécondes dans la résolution de l’énigme. Les résultats réfutent les plus récentes tentatives d’explication et laissent toujours cette énigme irrésolue, mais démontrent toutefois que même si les électeurs de la région de Québec se disent généralement plus à droite sur l’échiquier politique et moins favorables à la redistribution économique, la clé du mystère ne se trouve pas au niveau des valeurs et de l’attitude de l’ensemble de la population. La piste la plus féconde apparaît lorsqu’on isole l’attitude des moins nantis : il n’y a pas de classe pauvre qui serait économiquement plus à gauche dans la région de Québec.
Agency as a mediator in the pathway from transactional sex to HIV among pregnant women in Swaziland: a multigroup path analysis
Authors: Fielding‐Miller Rebecca , Dunkle Kristin L , Hadley Craig , Cooper Hannah LF , Windle Michael 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Transactional sex is a structural driver of HIV for women and girls in sub‐Saharan Africa. In transactional relationships, sexual and economic obligations intertwine and may have positive and negative effects on women's financial standing and social status. We conducted a clinic‐based survey with pregnant women in Swaziland using a locally validated transactional sex scale to measure the association between subjective social status, transactional sex, and HIV status, and to assess whether this association differed according to a woman's agency within her relationship.Methods: We recruited a convenience sample of 406 pregnant women at one rural and one urban public antenatal clinic in Swaziland and administered a behavioural survey that was linked to participant HIV status using clinic records. We then conducted a multigroup path analysis to test three hypotheses: (1) that more engagement in transactional sex is associated with decreased condom use and increased subjective social status; (2) that subjective social status mediates the relationship between transactional sex and HIV status; and (3) that these relationships are different across groups according to whether or not a woman reported any indicator of constrained agency within her relationship.Results: The amount and value of material goods received from a sexual partner was significantly and positively associated with higher subjective social status among all participants. As the amount of material goods received from a partner increased, women who reported no indicators of constrained agency were less likely to use condoms. Conversely, there was no relationship between transactional sex and condom use among women who reported any indicator of constrained relationship agency. Among women who reported any indicator of constrained agency, HIV was significantly associated with lower subjective social status.Conclusions: Relationship agency likely plays a key role in determining which mechanisms create HIV risk for women in transactional relationships. Interventions to mitigate these risks must address social forces that penalize women who engage in sexual relationships as well as structural drivers of gendered economic disparity that reduce women's agency within their sexual and romantic relationships.
Frail phenotype might herald bone health worsening among end-stage renal disease patients
Authors: Chao Chia-Ter , Huang Jenq-Wen , Chan Ding-Cheng ,   Cohort of Geriatric Nephrology in NTUH (COGENT) study group
Published: July 2017

Background
Frailty exhibits a high prevalence in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and is associated with adverse health-related outcomes, including falls and fractures. Available studies do not address whether frailty is associated with temporal changes in BMD. We evaluated this issue by analyzing the follow-up dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) results in an ESRD cohort.

Methods
In 2015, we enrolled forty-three ESRD patients, divided into frail, pre-frail, and robust ones based on a validated simple FRAIL scale, all receiving DXA at baseline. After one year of follow-up, survivors received another DXA, and we calculated the absolute and percentage changes in area, bone mineral density (BMD), T-, and Z-scores of lumbar spine and femoral neck (FN) between baseline and follow-up examinations.

Results
Among all, frail individuals with ESRD had significantly lower average lumbar spine area, lower L4, FN, and total BMD and T-scores, lower FN and total Z-scores than non-frail ones, without differences in gender, body mass index, dialysis duration, and comorbidities. Furthermore, we discovered frail ESRD patients had significantly more prominent decrease in average lumbar spine area, percentage changes in L1 Z-scores and average lumbar spine area, and a trend toward more prominent decrease in L4 area than non-frail ones after one year of follow-up.

Conclusions
Baseline frailty might be associated with deteriorating bone health, including shrinking L-spine areas and a more rapid decrease in L-spine Z scores, among ESRD patients. This frailty-bone association should be highlighted during our care of frail individuals with ESRD.
Effective length of a receiving antenna in case of quasi‐electrostatic whistler mode waves: Application to spacecraft observations of chorus emissions
Authors: Shirokov E. A. , Demekhov A. G. , Chugunov Yu. V. , Larchenko A. V. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe propose a method for calculating the receiving antenna effective length in the case of reception of quasi‐electrostatic whistler mode waves in plasmas and apply it to the spacecraft observations of oblique VLF chorus waves. The method is based on the reciprocity theorem and requires an appropriate choice of the radiation source. Such a choice is possible on the basis of the measured emission parameters if a quasi‐monochromatic (i.e., having narrow instant width of the dynamic spectrum) wave packet with wave normal angles near the resonance cone is detected. We analyze several typical chorus events detected by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms spacecraft and show that the effective length of receiving antenna can be more than an order of magnitude greater than the geometric length.
Geodetic model of the 2016 Central Italy earthquake sequence inferred from InSAR and GPS data
Authors: Cheloni D. , De Novellis V. , Albano M. , Antonioli A. , Anzidei M. , Atzori S. , Avallone A. , Bignami C. , Bonano M. , Calcaterra S. , Castaldo R. , Casu F. , Cecere G. , De Luca C. , Devoti R. , Di Bucci D. , Esposito A. , Galvani A. , Gambino P. , Giuliani R. , Lanari R. , Manunta M. , Manzo M. , Mattone M. , Montuori A. , Pepe A. , Pepe S. , Pezzo G. , Pietrantonio G. , Polcari M. , Riguzzi F. , Salvi S. , Sepe V. , Serpelloni E. , Solaro G. , Stramondo S. , Tizzani P. , Tolomei C. , Trasatti E. , Valerio E. , Zinno I. , Doglioni C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe investigate a large geodetic data set of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and GPS measurements to determine the source parameters for the three main shocks of the 2016 Central Italy earthquake sequence on 24 August and 26 and 30 October (Mw 6.1, 5.9, and 6.5, respectively). Our preferred model is consistent with the activation of four main coseismic asperities belonging to the SW dipping normal fault system associated with the Mount Gorzano‐Mount Vettore‐Mount Bove alignment. Additional slip, equivalent to a Mw ~ 6.1–6.2 earthquake, on a secondary (1) NE dipping antithetic fault and/or (2) on a WNW dipping low‐angle fault in the hanging wall of the main system is required to better reproduce the complex deformation pattern associated with the greatest seismic event (the Mw 6.5 earthquake). The recognition of ancillary faults involved in the sequence suggests a complex interaction in the activated crustal volume between the main normal faults and the secondary structures and a partitioning of strain release.