bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arsenic and skin cancer in the USA: the current evidence regarding arsenic‐contaminated drinking water
Authors: Mayer Jonathan E. , Goldman Rose H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundStudies carried out in developing countries, such as Bangladesh and Taiwan, have reported an association between exposure to arsenic in drinking water and increased rates of non‐melanoma skin cancer. However, it is unclear whether this correlation can be extended to the populations of developed countries such as the USA, which have lower levels of arsenic exposure and differ in other factors, such as genetics, nutrition, sun exposure, and socioeconomic status.ObjectivesThis report examines the current evidence in an attempt to resolve whether populations in the USA have rates of skin cancer that correlate with higher arsenic concentrations.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases.ResultsSix key studies were found and reviewed. Several studies conducted in US populations indicate an association between arsenic‐contaminated water and skin cancer, which may in some cases occur at arsenic concentrations of <10 μg/l, the 2001 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum allowable concentration for municipal water.ConclusionsPrivate wells are not regulated by the EPA's rule, and many have concentrations above the EPA maximum. In order to help curb the rising incidence of skin cancer, arsenic contamination of water warrants the attention of policymakers. Greater testing of well water and increased education and skin cancer surveillance by dermatologists in arsenic‐endemic areas may help to reduce exposure to arsenic and facilitate the early recognition of skin cancer.
Splinter hemorrhages of the nails: a systematic review of clinical features and associated conditions
Authors: Haber Roger , Khoury Rana , Kechichian Elio , Tomb Roland 
Published: July 2016

SummarySplinter hemorrhages (SHs) of the nails represent a frequent although not specific clinical finding that has been associated with conditions of varying severity. However, to date, there is no single report of their characteristics and etiologies. The aim of this study is to guide clinical practice by reviewing all of the data concerning SH of the nails that have become available since the first description of this condition was published in 1923, with particular reference to all clinical features, associated medical conditions, pathogenesis, and necessary workup. PubMed and EMBASE were searched using the keywords “splinter” AND “hemorrhage*”; the only articles excluded were those studying SHs of the retina. Splinter hemorrhage is a frequent nail disorder that may be idiopathic, drug‐induced, or a sign of a dermatological disease, such as psoriasis and lichen planus, or a wide range of systemic disorders, the most important of which are infections and vasculitis. Clinicians and dermatologists should be aware of all the clinical features of both SH and associated medical conditions.
Skin conditions in a South African tuberculosis hospital: Prevalence, description, and possible associations
Authors: McLachlan Iréne , Visser Willem I. , Jordaan H. Francois 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe current pandemic of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co‐infection, the modern era of antiretroviral therapy, and the rising incidence of multidrug‐resistant TB have led to a broader spectrum of skin conditions in patients hospitalized with TB. These factors also influence investigations into possible causal relationships with TB.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe mucocutaneous conditions found in patients hospitalized with TB and to report associated factors.MethodsA cross‐sectional observational study examining the spectrum of skin manifestations found in 105 patients hospitalized with TB was conducted. All relevant demographic and clinical data were collected. Possible associations were evaluated by making use of statistical analysis.ResultsSeventy‐four (70%) of the investigated population were HIV‐positive, and 46 (44%) patients were being treated for drug‐resistant TB. The most prevalent dermatosis was xerosis (n = 83, 79%), followed by oral candidiasis (n = 33, 31%) and scars (n = 33, 31%), finger clubbing (n = 31, 29%), leukonychia (n = 29, 28%), striae (n = 25, 24%), and facial hyperpigmentation (n = 22, 21%). Anemia was detected in 90 (86%) patients, and 75 (71%) were classified as being underweight. Three patients were diagnosed with cutaneous TB.ConclusionsPatients hospitalized with TB have on average four different dermatoses, but xerosis remains the leading dermatological finding, irrespective of HIV status or TB drug sensitivity. Anemia and malnutrition are associated with numerous skin conditions found in this population. The prevalence of cutaneous TB among patients hospitalized with TB remains low, despite the high rate of TB and HIV co‐infection.
Evaluation of hypoxia, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis in actinic cheilitis
Authors: Barbosa Natália G. , Souza Lélia B. , Nonaka Cassiano F. W. , Silveira Ericka J. D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundActinic cheilitis is a potentially malignant condition caused mainly by chronic sun exposure. Here we aim to evaluate the role of hypoxia, angiogenesis, and lymphatic density in the clinical and morphological progression of a series of cases of actinic cheilitis.Materials and methodsImmunohistochemistry was used to evaluate positivity to hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐C, and D2–40 in 40 cases of actinic cheilitis of the lower lip.ResultsThe cases studied exhibited variable degrees of positivity to the markers. The median number of lymphatic vessels was 3.2, 2.4, and 3.0 in lesions showing no epithelial dysplasia (NED) and with mild (MED) and moderate (MOED) epithelial dysplasia, respectively. The median VEGF‐C positivity index was 82.44% (NED), 92.74% (MED), and 82.83% (MOED), and the median HIF‐1α positivity index was 11.57% (NED), 5.26% (MED), and 13.55% (MOED). No significant differences in lymphatic density or median VEGF‐C and HIF‐1α positivity indices were observed between histological grades or clinical presentations of actinic cheilitis (P > 0.05).ConclusionsAlthough representing early events in lip carcinogenesis, the present results suggest that hypoxia, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis do not influence the morphological or clinical progression of actinic cheilitis.
Modified keystone flap for extremity defects after Mohs surgery
Authors: Magliano Julio , Falco Sofia , Agorio Caroline , Bazzano Carlos 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundWhen possible, surgery is the treatment of choice for cutaneous carcinomas, as it allows to us perform the anatomopathological study and control the surgical margins. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) controls 100% of the margins, maintains a larger amount of healthy tissue, and a fewer number of recurrences are seen. Large limb surgical defects after MMS are a challenge. Within the different kind of flaps, the keystone flap, which is a fasciocutaneous island advancement flap, is an option.MethodsA descriptive study was carried out on the extremity defects that occurred after MMS, which were reconstructed with the modified keystone type flap, during the years 2013–2014 in our department.ResultsSix patients underwent reconstruction surgery with the modified keystone flap. The tumor types presented by the patients were four squamous cell carcinomas and two basal cell carcinomas. Locations of the repaired defects were three in the leg, two in the thigh, and one in the forearm. The average size of the repaired defects was 3.1 cm. The procedure was well tolerated in all cases. No complications were observed, such as postoperative bleeding, infection, or necrosis, or dehiscence of the suture.ConclusionsThe modified keystone flap has been very helpful for solving the limb defects of these six patients, although they were not compared with other types of reconstruction.
The antioxidant activity and the composition of free and bound phenolic acids in dough of wheat flour enriched by Boletus edulis after mixing and thermal processing
Authors: Nikolić Nada , Stojanović Jelena , Mitrović Jelena , Lazić Miodrag , Karabegović Ivana , Stojanović Gordana 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe porcino is good source of phenolics and has been used to enrich wheat flour. The antioxidant activity and the content and composition of free and bound phenolic acids in the dough of wheat and porcino flour mixture (70:30 w/w) were investigated. The free form in the amount of 1305.76 μg g−1 was the main part of the phenolic content in the flour mixture. By dough mixing, the content of free phenolics increased by approximately 70%. Further thermal processing decreased the content of both forms of phenolics compared to dough after mixing, but the content of free phenolics of 1764.24 μg g−1 is still higher than in the flour mixture. The stability of the detected phenolic acids during mixing and thermal processing depended on whether they were in free or bound form. After thermal processing, the total content of detected phenolic acids was 683.31 μg g−1, indicating that approximately 87% of the total content of phenolic acids detected in flour mixture was retained.
Evaluation of plasma, high‐pressure and ultrasound processing on the stability of fructooligosaccharides
Authors: Alves Filho Elenilson G. , Cullen Patrick J. , Frias Jesus M. , Bourke Paula , Tiwari Brijesh K. , Brito Edy S. , Rodrigues Sueli , Fernandes Fabiano A.N. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryFructooligosaccharides (FOS) are among the main carbohydrates with prebiotic activity, and they are the most applied functional carbohydrate ingredient in the food industry. FOS are known to hydrolyse when subjected to thermal processing, thus partially losing its functional properties. In this study, we evaluate whether three nonthermal technologies are suitable for processing FOS regarding its stability after processing. FOS were subjected to ultrasound, high‐pressure processing (HPP) and atmospheric cold plasma (ACP). The FOS solution, 70 g L−1, was set at a concentration recommended for human intake. The treatments were carried out at operating conditions usually used for microbial inactivation in foods (HPP at 450 MPa for 5 min; US at 600–1200 W L−1 for 5 min; ACP at 70 kV for 15–60 s). NMR and HPLC analysis of the FOS components showed that ACP, ultrasound and HPP have not induced any significant change on FOS concentration (<2.0%) nor on the degree of polymerisation of the FOS (<3.3%). Contrarily to what is reported for thermal treatments, these nonthermal technologies were considered suitable for FOS processing.
Effects of silodosin on bladder activity in rats with frequent urination induced by pelvic venous congestion
Authors: Sugaya Kimio , Nishijima Saori , Kadekawa Katsumi , Ashitomi Katsuhiro , Ueda Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Hideyuki 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of silodosin on bladder activity using female rats with frequent urination induced by pelvic venous congestion.MethodsA total of 24 female rats were divided into three groups: sham, pelvic venous congestion and pelvic venous congestion/silodosin group. Rats in the pelvic venous congestion and pelvic venous congestion/silodosin groups were anesthetized with isoflurane, after which the bilateral common iliac veins and uterine veins were ligated. In the pelvic venous congestion/silodosin group, silodosin (0.3 mg/kg/day) was given using an osmotic pump implanted into the subcutaneous space of the back. After 5–6 weeks, analysis of voiding behavior, measurements of urinary 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine and nitric oxide metabolites, continuous cystometry under urethane anesthesia, and Evans blue dye extravasation test of the bladder were carried out.ResultsIn comparison with sham rats, pelvic venous congestion rats showed an increase in urination frequency with a concomitant increase in urine volume, a shorter interval between bladder contractions on continuous cystometry, an increase in urinary 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a decrease in urinary nitric oxide metabolites and an increase in vesical vascular permeability. In comparison with pelvic venous congestion rats, pelvic venous congestion/silodosin rats showed a decrease in urination frequency with a concomitant decrease in urine volume, a lower maximum bladder contraction pressure, a longer interval between bladder contractions, an increase in urinary nitric oxide metabolites and a decrease in vascular permeability.ConclusionSilodosin might improve both bladder dysfunction caused by pelvic venous congestion, and the pelvic venous congestion itself.
Local recurrence of renal cell carcinoma that simulated multiple renal arteriovenous fistulas after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: Report of a rare case
Authors: Aydin Ahmet Murat , Eldem Gonca , Peynircioglu Bora , Baydar Dilek Ertoy , Bilen Cenk Yucel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHerein we report a patient who was initially thought to have renal arteriovenous fistulas 3 months after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for a small renal mass. After timely intervention using selective renal artery embolization, computed tomography 9 months post‐surgery showed persistent renal arteriovenous fistulas and nodular lesions in the perirenal fat. The patient then underwent radical nephrectomy, and histopathological examination showed underlying recurrent clear cell renal cell carcinoma invading the intraparenchymal arteries and veins, which was simulating multiple high‐flow renal arteriovenous fistulas.
The Valuation Model for a Risky Asset When Its Risky Factors Follow Gamma Distributions
Authors: Tsai Ming Shann , Chiang Shu Ling 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper constructed a pricing model for the asset with multi‐risks by specifying the risky factors (i.e., interest rate and termination hazard rates) to follow gamma distributions. The model not only avoids the possibility of the termination hazard rate taking an irrational (i.e., negative) value, but it also makes it easier to derive a valuation formula for a risky asset. Our model can also effortless apply because the parameters of the gamma distribution can easily be estimated from market data. An example using Taiwanese bond data illustrates how the model can be utilized for practical applications. To facilitate understanding of how accurately the different models price risky bonds, we compare their out‐of‐sample pricing errors for different hazard rate specifications assuming normal and gamma distributions. The results show that our pricing formula is realistic and accurate in its applications. Therefore, it should help market participants to accurately price risky assets and to effectively manage complicated portfolios.
Identification of stably expressed reference small non‐coding RNAs for microRNA quantification in high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma tissues
Authors: Bignotti Eliana , Calza Stefano , Tassi Renata A. , Zanotti Laura , Bandiera Elisabetta , Sartori Enrico , Odicino Franco E. , Ravaggi Antonella , Todeschini Paola , Romani Chiara 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a family of small non‐coding RNAs (sncRNAs) playing important roles in human carcinogenesis. Multiple investigations reported miRNAs aberrantly expressed in several cancers, including high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGS‐OvCa). Quantitative PCR is widely used in studies investigating miRNA expression and the identification of reliable endogenous controls is crucial for proper data normalization. In this study, we aimed to experimentally identify the most stable reference sncRNAs for normalization of miRNA qPCR expression data in HGS‐OvCa. Eleven putative reference sncRNAs for normalization (U6, SNORD48, miR‐92a‐3p, let‐7a‐5p, SNORD61, SNORD72, SNORD68, miR‐103a‐3p, miR‐423‐3p, miR‐191‐5p, miR‐16‐5p) were analysed on a total of 75 HGS‐OvCa and 30 normal tissues, using a highly specific qPCR. Both the normal tissues considered to initiate HGS‐OvCa malignant transformation, namely ovary and fallopian tube epithelia, were included in our study. Stability of candidate endogenous controls was evaluated using an equivalence test and validated by geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. Combining results from the three different statistical approaches, SNORD48 emerged as stably and equivalently expressed between malignant and normal tissues. Among malignant samples, considering groups based on residual tumour, miR‐191‐5p was identified as the most equivalent sncRNA. On the basis of our results, we support the use of SNORD48 as best reference sncRNA for relative quantification in miRNA expression studies between HGS‐OvCa and normal controls, including the first time both the normal tissues supposed to be HGS‐OvCa progenitors. In addition, we recommend miR‐191‐5p as best reference sncRNA in miRNA expression studies with prognostic intent on HGS‐OvCa tissues.
European Guidelines (S1) on the use of high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin in dermatology
Authors: Enk A.H. , Hadaschik E.N. , Eming R. , Fierlbeck G. , French L.E. , Girolomoni G. , Hertl M. , Jolles S. , Karpati S. , Steinbrink K. , Stingl G. , Volc‐Platzer B. , Zillikens D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of severe dermatological autoimmune diseases and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) with high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a well‐established procedure in dermatology. As treatment with IVIg is usually considered for rare clinical entities or severe clinical cases, the use of immunoglobulin is not generally based on data from randomized controlled trials that are usually required for the practice of evidence‐based medicine. Owing to the rarity of the indications for the use of IVIg, it is also unlikely that such studies will be available in the foreseeable future. Because the high costs of IVIg treatment also limit its first‐line use, the first clinical guidelines on its use in dermatological conditions were established in 2008 and renewed in 2011.Materials and methodsThe European guidelines presented here were prepared by a panel of experts nominated by the EDF and the EADV. The guidelines were developed to update the indications for treatment currently considered as effective and to summarize the evidence base for the use of IVIg in dermatological autoimmune diseases and TEN.Results and conclusionThe current guidelines represent consensual expert opinions and definitions on the use of IVIg reflecting current published evidence and are intended to serve as a decision‐making tool for the use of IVIg in dermatological diseases.
Characteristics and residence of First Nations patients and their use of health care services in Saskatchewan, Canada: informing First Nations and Métis health services
Authors: Lafond Gabe , Haver Charlene R. A. , McLeod Valerie , Clarke Sharon , Horsburgh Beth , McLeod Katherine M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRationaleIn Canada, Aboriginal people, particularly First Nations experience significant health disparities and a lower health status compared with the non‐Aboriginal population.Aims and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the demographic and clinical characteristics of First Nations patients admitted to hospitals in Saskatchewan, and the acute care services used by First Nations compared with non‐First Nations, specifically hospital length of stay. Primary residence of patients was also mapped to determine geographic patterns that would inform health service provision.MethodsA retrospective medical chart audit was carried out to collect data on patient demographics and clinical characteristics of 203 First Nations and 200 non‐First Nations patients admitted to two urban hospitals in Saskatchewan from 2012 to 2014.ResultsThe most common reason for admission of First Nations and non‐First Nations patients was infection (24.6%) and cardiology conditions (19.5%), respectively. There was no significant difference in mean length of stay for First Nations (10.44 days) compared with non‐First Nations (10.57 days). After adjusting for age, mean length of stay for First Nations was nearly 3 days longer than non‐First Nations. First Nations patients' residence was from across the broad geography of Saskatchewan, with 45% living in rural communities or on reserve.ConclusionsThe outcomes of this study are clinically meaningful and support the need for research, in collaboration with Aboriginal patients and families, to further examine and improve the care experience in order to decrease health disparities for Aboriginal patients in Canada.
Chronic pregabalin treatment decreases excitability of dentate gyrus and accelerates maturation of adult‐born granule cells
Authors: Lempel Augusto Abel , Coll Lucia , Schinder Alejandro F. , Uchitel Osvaldo Daniel , Piriz Joaquin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPregabalin (PGB) is extensively prescribed to treat neurological and neuropsychiatrical conditions such as neuropathic pain, anxiety disorders, and epilepsy. AlthoughPGBis known to bind selectively to the α2δ subunit of voltage‐gated calcium channels, there is little understanding about how it exerts its therapeutic effects. In this article, we analyzed the effects of anin vivochronic treatment withPGBover the physiology of dentate gyrus granule cells (DGGCs) usingex vivoelectrophysiological and morphological analysis in adult mice. We found thatPGBdecreases neuronal excitability ofDGGCs. In addition,PGBaccelerates maturation of adult‐bornDGGCs, an effect that would modify dentate gyrus plasticity. Together, these findings suggest thatPGBreduces activity in the dentate gyrus and modulates overall network plasticity, which might contribute to its therapeutic effects.imageCover Imagefor this issue: doi:10.1111/jnc.13783.
Advancements in the maintenance of skin barrier/skin lipid composition and the involvement of metabolic enzymes
Authors: Cui Le , Jia Yan , Cheng Zhi‐Wei , Gao Ying , Zhang Gao‐Lei , Li Jing‐Yi , He Cong‐Fen 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe human skin barrier has an important role in protection and defense, reflected not only in the ability to resist entry of harmful substances into the human body, but also in the ability to prevent loss of water and nutrients. Once the skin barrier is damaged, the skin may become dry, scaly, and wrinkled, and a series of skin problems may occur. In this article, we review the composition of lipids, such as ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids, in the skin and examine the expression of enzymes related to lipid metabolism, such as kallikreins, elongase of elongation of very long‐chain fatty acids, hydrolases, and lipid synthases. Additionally, we discuss the involvement of these proteins in skin barrier function and structure. The information presented in this review is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of skin care products facilitating the maintenance and repair of skin barrier function.