bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inversions for Deep Solar Meridional Flow Using Spherical Born Kernels
Authors: Böning Vincent G. A. , Roth Markus , Jackiewicz Jason , Kholikov Shukur 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The solar meridional flow is a crucial ingredient in modern dynamo theory. Seismic estimates of this flow have, however, been contradictory in deeper layers below about

. Results from time−distance helioseismology have so far been obtained using the ray approximation. Here, we perform inversions using the Born approximation. The initial result is similar to the result previously obtained by Jackiewicz et al. using ray kernels while using the same set of GONG data and the SOLA inversion technique. However, we show that the assumption of uncorrelated measurements used in earlier studies may lead to inversion errors being underestimated by a factor of about 2–4. In a second step, refined inversions are performed using the full covariance matrix and a regularization for cross-talk. As the results are found to depend on the threshold used in the singular value decomposition, they were obtained for a medium threshold (

, about 50% of the values used) and a threshold lower by a factor of 10 (about 70% of the values used). The result obtained with the medium threshold is again similar to the original, with less latitudinal variation. However, using the lower threshold, the inverted flow in the southern hemisphere shows two or three cells stacked radially depending on the associated radial flows. Both the single-cell and the multi-cell profiles are consistent with the measured travel times. All our results confirm a shallow return flow at about

.
An Improved Statistical Point-source Foreground Model for the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Murray S. G. , Trott C. M. , Jordan C. H. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We present a sophisticated statistical point-source foreground model for low-frequency radio Epoch of Reionization (EoR) experiments using the 21 cm neutral hydrogen emission line. Motivated by our understanding of the low-frequency radio sky, we enhance the realism of two model components compared with existing models: the source count distributions as a function of flux density and spatial position (source clustering), extending current formalisms for the foreground covariance of 2D power-spectral modes in 21 cm EoR experiments. The former we generalize to an arbitrarily broken power law, and the latter to an arbitrary isotropically correlated field. This paper presents expressions for the modified covariance under these extensions, and shows that for a more realistic source spatial distribution, extra covariance arises in the EoR window that was previously unaccounted for. Failure to include this contribution can yield bias in the final power-spectrum and under-estimate uncertainties, potentially leading to a false detection of signal. The extent of this effect is uncertain, owing to ignorance of physical model parameters, but we show that it is dependent on the relative abundance of faint sources, to the effect that our extension will become more important for future deep surveys. Finally, we show that under some parameter choices, ignoring source clustering can lead to false detections on large scales, due to both the induced bias and an artificial reduction in the estimated measurement uncertainty.
On the Disappearance of a Cold Molecular Torus around the Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus of NGC 1097
Authors: Izumi T. , Kohno K. , Fathi K. , Hatziminaoglou E. , Davies R. I. , Martín S. , Matsushita S. , Schinnerer E. , Espada D. , Aalto S. , Onishi K. , Turner J. L. , Imanishi M. , Nakanishi K. , Meier D. S. , Wada K. , Kawakatu N. , Nakajima T. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We used the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array to map the CO(3–2) and the underlying continuum emissions around the type-1 low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (LLAGN; bolometric luminosity

erg s−1) of NGC 1097 at ∼10 pc resolution. These observations revealed a detailed cold gas distribution within a ∼100 pc of this LLAGN. In contrast to the luminous Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068, where a ∼7 pc cold molecular torus was recently revealed, a distinctively dense and compact torus is missing in our CO(3–2) integrated intensity map of NGC 1097. Based on the CO(3–2) flux, the gas mass of the torus of NGC 1097 would be a factor of ≳2–3 less than that found for NGC 1068 by using the same CO-to-H2 conversion factor, which implies less active nuclear star formation and/or inflows in NGC 1097. Our dynamical modeling of the CO(3–2) velocity field implies that the cold molecular gas is concentrated in a thin layer as compared to the hot gas traced by the 2.12 μm H2 emission in and around the torus. Furthermore, we suggest that NGC 1097 hosts a geometrically thinner torus than NGC 1068. Although the physical origin of the torus thickness remains unclear, our observations support a theoretical prediction that geometrically thick tori with high opacity will become deficient as AGNs evolve from luminous Seyferts to LLAGNs.
Le pouvoir contesté des grandes banques allemandes
Authors: d'Alessio Nestor , Oberbeck Herbert , Joly Hervé 
Published: August 2017

La contribution des caisses d’épargne et banques coopératives locales, qui fonctionnent comme maillons d’un réseau coordonné à l’échelle interrégionale, au développement des services financiers allemands est aussi importante que celle des grandes banques privées. De manière générale, ce sont les associations d’entreprises qui dominent le secteur bancaire. Le marché financier se caractérise par un mélange de coopération et de concurrence, par une régulation corporatiste. La large discussion sur le « pouvoir des banques » oublie souvent que les banques et les caisses d’épargne ne disposent pas d’un pouvoir illimité dans l’orientation stratégique des entreprises et que ce pouvoir ne s’exerce pas de manière unilatérale. La gestion des entreprises relève plutôt d’un modèle consensuel, dans lequel, à côté des intérêts des entreprises et des banques, se glissent également les intérêts des régions et des salariés, l’ensemble s’étant avéré, jusqu’à maintenant, somme toute couronné de succès.
L’institutionnalisation des relations professionnelles en RFA
Authors: Giraud Olivier , Lallement Michel 
Published: August 2017

En Allemagne, l’institutionnalisation des relations professionnelles s’engage dès 1945, avec la reconstitution du mouvement syndical et des associations patronales. La méfiance des Alliés occidentaux puis l’hostilité des premiers gouvernements ordo-libéraux ne favorisent guère une telle renaissance. L’autonomie de négociation est cependant acquise. Les confrontations et marchandages entre employeurs et salariés s’organisent à deux niveaux : la branche et l’entreprise. Alors même que leur reconnaissance est formellement exclue au sein de l’entreprise, les syndicats parviennent progressivement à imposer malgré tout leur présence et à uniformiser les négociations conventionnelles sur le plan national. Une telle architecture se renforce au cours des années 1970 grâce au compromis néo-corporatiste qui s’instaure. Le grand conflit sur le temps de travail de 1984 marque un tournant : les syndicats inaugurent à cette occasion de nouvelles stratégies de lutte et acceptent pour la première fois un compromis de type « donnant-donnant » (réduction du temps de travail contre flexibilité).
Nucléaire et question climatique : construction et conséquences d’un discours géopolitique en France et en Suède
Authors: Meyer Teva 
Published: August 2017

L’avènement de la question climatique dans les années 1980 a durablement ébranlé les mouvements antinucléaires. De menace globale, l’énergie atomique est devenue une potentielle solution aux défis environnementaux contemporains grâce à ses faibles émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Pourtant, force est de constater que ces bouleversements n’ont pas impacté de façon identique tous les pays, comme l’atteste la diversité des réactions après l’accident de Fukushima. En s’appuyant sur deux nations fortement nucléarisées, la France et la Suède, cet article propose d’analyser les conséquences de l’introduction de l’argument climatique sur les rapports de forces entre acteurs du conflit sur l’avenir de l’énergie atomique. Alors qu’en France ce nouvel enjeu a constitué l’élément déclencheur d’une crise interne au sein des mouvements antinucléaires sans pour autant influencer structurellement le conflit, il a mené en Suède à une recomposition complète du débat, facilitant ainsi le retour de l’énergie atomique en 2011 dans le pays.
Les conflits environnementaux en Turquie : expression d’insoumission
Authors: Seni Nora 
Published: August 2017

Cet article analyse deux conflits environnementaux d’envergure qui marquent l’histoire de la prise de conscience des enjeux écologiques en Turquie : le soulèvement occasionné contre le projet de destruction du parc Gezi à Istanbul et la résistance de la ville d’Artvin à la construction d’une mine d’or dans la forêt à Cerattepe. Cela donne l’occasion de repérer les deux courants qui irriguent le développement des conflits environnementaux dans ce pays, l’essor de la société civile, des fondations et de l’activité associative d’une part, l’éclosion d’une perception forte des menaces écologiques, sismiques, nucléaires de l’autre.
Évolution des emplois des marqueurs de topiques de discours dans Le Figaro de la fin du xix e et du début du xxi e siècles
Authors: Charolles Michel , Diwersy Sascha , Vigier Denis 
Published: August 2017

L’article porte sur l’usage des expressions à propos de , en matière (de) , au sujet de , sur le plan (de) , au niveau (de) , dans le domaine (de) , dans le secteur (de) et quant à comme marqueurs de topique de discours. Ces locutions présentent des différences aux niveaux morphosyntaxique et sémantique qui suggèrent qu’elles ne sont pas toutes grammaticalisées au même degré. C’est cette hypothèse que nous testons sur leurs emplois dans Le Figaro de la fin du xix e siècle et du début du xxi e siècle. La comparaison et l’étude statistique de leurs évolutions fréquentielles montre que ces expressions peuvent être réparties dans des sous-ensembles distincts de marqueurs de topique de discours, qui connaissent des tendances d’enracinement divergentes.
La préposition dans au xvi e siècle. Apports d’une linguistique instrumentée
Authors: Vigier Denis 
Published: August 2017

La préposition dans est récente en français. Son usage s’est considérablement développé à partir de 1550 environ, du moins dans les textes littéraires, pour devenir très vite une des prépositions les plus fréquentes du français. Pourquoi un tel succès ? Dans cet article, nous proposons d’évaluer l’hypothèse formulée jadis par A. Darmesteter (1885) pour expliquer cette subite fortune de dans . Notre démarche s’appuie sur une étude statistique des préférences combinatoires que cette préposition manifeste au sein du corpus de diachronie du français Presto .
Smart Sensor Network Based High Quality Air Pollution Monitoring System Using Labview
Authors: Telagam Nagarjuna , Kandasamy Nehru , Prasad G Nagendra , Nanjundan Menakadevi 
Published: August 2017

A ZigBee based wireless sensor network is implemented in this paper which is of low-cost solar-powered air quality monitoring system. The main objective of the proposed architecture is to interfacing various sensors to measure the sensor analog data and displayed in LabVIEW on the monitor using the graphical user interface (GUI). The real time ambient air quality monitoring in smart cities is of greater significance for the health of people. The wireless network sensor nodes are placed at different traffic signals in the smart cities which collect and report real-time data on different gases which are present in the environment such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), methane (CH4) and humidity. The proposed system allows smart cities to monitor air quality conditions on a desktop/laptop computer through an application designed using graphical programming based LabVIEW software and provides an alert if the air quality characteristics exceed acceptable levels. The sensor network was successfully tested on the campus of the institute of aeronautical engineering, Hyderabad. The sensor data are indicated by different indicators on the front panel of LabVIEW and also different charts are plotted with respect to time and amplitude which explains the severity of polluted areas.
Evolution in the Education of Software Engineers: Online Course on Cyberphysical Systems with Remote Access to Robotic Devices
Authors: Zalewski Janusz , Gonzalez Fernando 
Published: August 2017

The objective of this work is to address, from the educational perspective, the trends in the software engineerring discipline, which rely on a significant increase in the use of remotely accessible and remotely controlled embedded devices. The paper presents an approach and experiences with introducing robotic devices accessible online to a course on Cyberphysical Systems in an undergraduate Software Engineering program. A closer look at both technologies, online labs and cyberphysical systems education, reveals that they are not in sync. Remote labs have embraced a wide variety of science and engineering disciplines, but they are not popular in software engineering. On the other hand, software engineering education, being crucial to the development of cyberphysical systems has not focused on such systems by any measure. This project and paper aim at addressing this gap.
Drooling in Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Shavell Audrey 
Published: August 2017

A review of methods of treatment used over the past twelve years in the alleviation of Drooling in Cerebral Palsy is considered. A small group of patients remain persistent droolers in spite of intensive conservative treatment . Information was obtained on patients who had been referred for oral surgery between October 1973 - December 1976 to determine whether any common factors would be found among them which might assist in the selection of future cases for oral surgery; predict the outcome of future surgery more accurately; assess the improvement achieved in the twenty cases of this series; and indicate post-operative complications.Data was obtained from an analysis of the results of a questionnaire completed by speech therapists on patients who had all undergone bilateral submaxillary gland excision com-bined with parotid duct elongation and posterior relocation. The oral surgery was carried out by the late Dr. Isidore Kaplan formerly honorary plastic surgeon, Forest Town Cerebral Palsy School.
Spastic Dysphonia: A case report
Authors: Wolk Lesley 
Published: August 2017

An in-depth investigation of a 55-year-old woman with spastic dysphonia was performed. The findings from otological, neurological and psychological investigations assisted in making a differential diagnosis and served to provide evidence for the etiology of this disorder. Subjective-perceptual evaluations of the voice revealed a strained, harsh-breathy voice quality with frequent breaks in phonation, a variable pitch and visible tension in the face and neck muscles. Objective spectrographic evaluations revealed much turbulence, ill-defined harmonics, a breakdown in formant structure, rapid pitch fluctuations and evidence of diplophonia, which was confirmed on a fiberscopic examination. Post-treatment spectrographic evaluations indicated an improved phonatory ability with significant improvement in the above parameters. Results are discussed in terms of the etiology and symptomatology of this disorder; and clinical implications for diagnosis and treatment are considered.
The CO5 configuration of the 7 km Atlantic Margin Model: large-scale biases and sensitivity to forcing, physics options and vertical resolution
Authors: O'Dea Enda , Furner Rachel , Wakelin Sarah , Siddorn John , While James , Sykes Peter , King Robert , Holt Jason , Hewitt Helene 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. We describe the physical model component of the standard Coastal Ocean version 5 configuration (CO5) of the European north-west shelf (NWS). CO5 was developed jointly between the Met Office and the National Oceanography Centre. CO5 is designed with the seamless approach in mind, which allows for modelling of multiple timescales for a variety of applications from short-range ocean forecasting to climate projections. The configuration constitutes the basis of the latest update to the ocean and data assimilation components of the Met Office's operational Forecast Ocean Assimilation Model (FOAM) for the NWS. A 30.5-year non-assimilating control hindcast of CO5 was integrated from January 1981 to June 2012. Sensitivity simulations were conducted with reference to the control run. The control run is compared against a previous non-assimilating Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Coastal Ocean Modelling System (POLCOMS) hindcast of the NWS. The CO5 control hindcast is shown to have much reduced biases compared to POLCOMS. Emphasis in the system description is weighted to updates in CO5 over previous versions. Updates include an increase in vertical resolution, a new vertical coordinate stretching function, the replacement of climatological riverine sources with the pan-European hydrological model E-HYPE, a new Baltic boundary condition and switching from directly imposed atmospheric model boundary fluxes to calculating the fluxes within the model using a bulk formula. Sensitivity tests of the updates are detailed with a view toward attributing observed changes in the new system from the previous system and suggesting future directions of research to further improve the system.
A AULA EM LOMBA GRANDE/RS (1860-1881) NA PERSPECTIVA DA TRAJETÓRIA DO PROFESSOR MEYER
Authors: Souza José Edimar 
Published: August 2017

Objetivo foi reconstruir a partir de memórias arquivadas em documentos aspectos da trajetória do professor Henrique Meyer, soldado Brummer, que a partir de sua dispensa do exército brasileiro se estabeleceu, em 1860, em Lomba Grande - atualmente, um bairro do município de Novo Hamburgo/RS. A pesquisa pretendeu conhecer e compreender como os primórdios do ensino público se constituíram nessa localidade, valendo-se de documentos escolares deste professor. Trata-se de mapas de frequência escolar, apostilas de docência, petições e ofícios localizados em dois fundos arquivísticos – Arquivo do Museu Histórico Visconde de São Leopoldo e Arquivo Histórico do Rio Grande do Sul. A perspectiva teórica orienta-se pela História Cultural que considera as representações construídas em relação ao contexto de análise. A análise documental possibilitou identificar que as práticas nesse lugar agregaram usos e costumes à Cultura Escolar, além de evidenciar, a influência imigrante no processo de escolarização.
Efficacy of eyedrops containing cross-linked hyaluronic acid and coenzyme Q10 in treating patients with mild to moderate dry eye
Authors: Postorino Elisa I. , Rania Laura , Aragona Emanuela , Mannucci Carmen , Alibrandi Angela , Calapai Gioacchino , Puzzolo Domenico , Aragona Pasquale 
Published: August 2017

Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is a common condition causing substantial burden. A randomized, controlled, single-masked study was performed in 40 patients with mild to moderate DED to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a collyrium based on crosslinked hyaluronic acid (XLHA) with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Methods: Enrolled subjects were divided into 2 groups: group A, treated with XLHA + CoQ10; and group B, treated with hyaluronic acid (HA). Eyedrops were administered 4 times daily for 3 months. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival staining, and meibomian gland assessment (MGD) were evaluated; furthermore, corneal aesthesiometry, in vivo corneal confocal microscopy, visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and fundus examination were performed. Results: At the end of treatment, OSDI score significantly decreased in groups A and B (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively); the decrease was significantly higher in group A. Corneal staining decreased in both groups, with lower scores in group A. The MGD was significantly ameliorated in group A patients. No differences were found for corneal aesthesiometry or TBUT. Epithelial cell reflectivity was significantly reduced only in group A. For keratocytes and stromal matrix parameters, there was a significant improvement in group A. No changes were found for visual acuity, IOP, or fundus examination. Conclusions: The XLHA + CoQ10 treatment showed greater effectiveness in DED compared to HA alone, probably due to the longer permanency on ocular surface and the antioxidant activity of CoQ10. Therefore, XLHA + CoQ10 eyedrops could represent a new possibility in dry eye treatment.
Increased levels of circulating CD34+ cells in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: relation with clinical and OCT features
Authors: Kara Caner , Özdal Pınar Ç. , Beyazyıldız Emrullah , Özcan Nurgül E. , Teke Mehmet Y. , Vural Gülden , Öztürk Faruk 
Published: August 2017

Purpose: To investigate the levels of circulating CD34+ stem cells in patients with neovascular type age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and its relation with clinical and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings. Methods: The study consisted of 55 patients: 28 patients (18 male and 10 female) with neovascular type AMD as a study group and 27 patients (12 male and 15 female) scheduled for cataract surgery as a control group. The level of CD34+ stem cells was measured by ﬂow cytometry. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Results: The mean ages of patients in the study and control groups were 71 ± 8 and 68 ± 6 years, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of age, sex, or systemic disease association between study and control groups. However, smoking status was significantly higher in the study group (67.9% vs 37.0%; p = 0.02). Stem cell levels were significantly higher in the study group (1.5 ± 0.9 vs 0.5 ± 0.3; p<0.001), but there was no relation between stem cell levels and clinical and OCT findings. Conclusions: Increased circulating CD34+ stem cell levels were observed in patients with choroidal neovascular membrane associated with AMD, but no significant relation was found between cell levels and clinical and OCT findings.
Changes in anterior ocular structures and macula following deep sclerectomy with collagen implant
Authors: Suominen Sakari M.A. , Harju Mika P. , Hautamäki Asta M.E. , Vesti Eija T. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose: To determine the effect of intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering with deep sclerectomy (DS) on visual acuity, macular structures, and anterior ocular dimensions during the early postoperative period. Methods: We prospectively analyzed 35 eyes of 35 patients scheduled for DS. Our focus with the measurements was on early postoperative changes in anterior ocular and macular structures related to IOP lowering during the first month after DS. In addition to a clinical ophthalmologic examination, our measurements included corneal topography, measurement of ocular dimensions with optical biometry, and examination of macular structure with optical coherence tomography. These measurements were repeated 1, 2, and 4 weeks postoperatively. Results: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) decreased 1 week postoperatively to 0.22 (0.20) LogMAR (p = 0.006). The BCVA then increased to its preoperative level, 0.17 (0.18) (p = 0.28), after 4 weeks. Axial length decreased from 24.12 (1.81) mm to 24.04 (1.81) (p<0.001) 4 weeks postoperatively. The steeper meridian of corneal curvature and average corneal power increased postoperatively; central corneal thickness was decreased. No significant change appeared in other measurements. Conclusions: We found changes in corneal curvature and ocular dimensions after DS. These changes were relatively small and do not completely explain the decrease in visual acuity postoperatively. Macular structures showed no changes.