bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rosaceae-feeding Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) of South America: some taxonomic and trophic diversity revealed
Authors: Stonis Jonas R. , Diškus Arūnas , Remeikis Andrius , Torres Nixon Cumbicus 
Published: January 2017

The paper reviews the most recent findings of the Rosaceae-feeding Nepticulidae species along with previous records of these tropically specialized leaf-miners in South America and describes three new species: one species on Hesperomeles obtusifolia (Pers.) Lindl (Stigmella circinata Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.) and two species on Rubus spp. (S. rubiphagiella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. and Ectoedemia morae Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.); all from the equatorial Andes. Additionally, leaf-mines of the unknown Stigmella taxa feeding on Acaena L., Alchemilla L., Rubus L., Prunus L., and Hesperomeles Lindl are documented. Description of previously unknown females of Stigmella nubimontana Puplesis & Diškus and photographic documentation of leaf-mines of S. nubimontana and S. rubeta Puplesis & Diškus are provided for the first time. The discovered Rosaceae-feeding Nepticulidae exhibit morphological and taxonomical diversity: two new species groups, Stigmella imperatoria and S. circinata, are designated; the latter is also compared with the most similar and probably closely related Holarctic S. hemargyrella and S. sorbi groups.
Accessibility of Vendor-Created Database Tutorials for People with Disabilities
Authors: Oud Joanne 
Published: December 2016

Many video, screencast, webinar, or interactive tutorials are created and provided by vendors for use by libraries to instruct users in database searching. This study investigates whether these vendor-created database tutorials are accessible for people with disabilities, to see whether librarians can use these tutorials instead of creating them in-house. Findings on accessibility were mixed. Positive accessibility features and common accessibility problems are described, with recommendations on how to maximize accessibility.
Identifying zooplankton community changes between shallow and upper-mesophotic reefs on the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef, Caribbean
Authors: Andradi-Brown Dominic A. , Head Catherine E. I. , Exton Dan A. , Hunt Christina L. , Hendrix Alicia , Gress Erika , Rogers Alex D. 
Published: January 2017

Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs, reefs 30–150 m) are understudied, yet the limited research conducted has been biased towards large sessile taxa, such as scleractinian corals and sponges, or mobile taxa such as fishes. Here we investigate zooplankton communities on shallow reefs and MCEs around Utila on the southern Mesoamerican Barrier Reef using planktonic light traps. Zooplankton samples were sorted into broad taxonomic groups. Our results indicate similar taxonomic zooplankton richness and overall biomass between shallow reefs and MCEs. However, the abundance of larger bodied (>2 mm) zooplanktonic groups, including decapod crab zoea, mysid shrimps and peracarid crustaceans, was higher on MCEs than shallow reefs. Our findings highlight the importance of considering zooplankton when identifying broader reef community shifts across the shallow reef to MCE depth gradient.
CMIP5multimodel projections of extreme weather events in the humid subtropical Gangetic Plain region of India
Authors: Nath Reshmita , Cui Xuefeng , Nath Debashis , Graf Hans F. , Chen Wen , Wang Lin , Gong Hainan , Li Qian 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSince 1960s, India experiences a series of extreme drought and flood events during the summer months. The Humid Subtropical Climatic Zone (HSTC), which comprises the Indo‐Gangetic Plain region of India, is highly vulnerable to the climatic extremities. This region is the home for approximately 40% of total population and yields approximately 50% of total agricultural production of India. We investigate the historical variation in dry/wet conditions and project the future changes in extreme events under two different scenarios of the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project 5 models. First, the model parameters, that is, precipitation (P) and temperature (T) are bias corrected with respect to observation data and finally six models are selected, which are in right phase with the observation for composite analysis. Next, we calculate the potential evapotranspiration (PET) and the Standardized Potential Evapotranspiration Index to characterize the extreme events. BothPand PET are projected to increase in theHSTCzone; however, both the wet and dry conditions demonstrate a persistent increase in future. In relative terms,Pincreases faster thanPETalong the Gangetic Plain region (wet condition) and decreases in the southern and eastern part of the region (dry condition). The mitigating effect (RCP4.5 scenario) of precipitation increase will be overridden by strengthenedPETand extreme dry condition project markedly underRCP8.5 scenario. The features are consistent with the increase/ decrease in multimodel meanSPEI, consistent with the spatial pattern ofP−PET. The area affected due to wet and dry events will be relatively higher under theRCP4.5 andRCP8.5 scenario, respectively.
Estimating methane emissions from biological and fossil‐fuel sources in the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors: Jeong Seongeun , Cui Xinguang , Blake Donald R. , Miller Ben , Montzka Stephen A. , Andrews Arlyn , Guha Abhinav , Martien Philip , Bambha Ray P. , LaFranchi Brian , Michelsen Hope A. , Clements Craig B. , Glaize Pierre , Fischer Marc L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe present the first sector‐specific analysis of methane (CH4) emissions from the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA) using CH4 and volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements from six sites during September – December 2015. We apply a hierarchical Bayesian inversion to separate the biological from fossil‐fuel (natural gas and petroleum) sources using the measurements of CH4 and selected VOCs, a source‐specific 1 km CH4 emission model, and an atmospheric transport model. We estimate that SFBA CH4 emissions are 166–289 Gg CH4/yr (at 95% confidence), 1.3–2.3 times higher than a recent inventory with much of the underestimation from landfill. Including the VOCs, 82 ± 27% of total posterior median CH4 emissions are biological and 17 ± 3% fossil fuel, where landfill and natural gas dominate the biological and fossil‐fuel CH4 of prior emissions, respectively.
Cross‐Saharan transport of water vapor via recycled cold pool outflows from moist convection
Authors: Trzeciak Tomasz M. , Garcia‐Carreras Luis , Marsham John H. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractVery sparse data have previously limited observational studies of meteorological processes in the Sahara. We present an observed case of convectively driven water vapor transport crossing the Sahara over 2.5 days in June 2012, from the Sahel in the south to the Atlas in the north. A daily cycle is observed, with deep convection in the evening generating moist cold pools that fed the next day's convection; the convection then generated new cold pools, providing a vertical recycling of moisture. Trajectories driven by analyses were able to capture the direction of the transport but not its full extent, particularly at night when cold pools are most active, and analyses missed much of the water content of cold pools. The results highlight the importance of cold pools for moisture transport, dust and clouds, and demonstrate the need to include these processes in models in order to improve the representation of Saharan atmosphere.
The behavior of electron density and temperature during ionospheric heating near the fifth electron gyrofrequency
Authors: Wu Jun , Wu Jian , Rietveld M. T. , Haggstrom I. , Zhao Haisheng , Xu Zhengwen 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe experimental phenomena involving the changes in electron temperature and electron density as a function of pump frequency during an ionospheric heating campaign at European Incoherent Scatter near Tromsø, Norway, are reported. When the pump frequency is slightly above the fifth electron gyrofrequency, the UHF radar observation shows some apparent enhancements over a wide altitude range in radar echo, ion line, and electron density respectively, which are apparently altitude independent and consistent temporally with the upshifting and spread of plasma line around the reflection altitude. However, they do not, in fact, correspond to true increase in electron density. Based on some existing theories, some discussions are presented to try to explain the above enhancements and the upshifting and spread of plasma line. Even so, the mechanism remains to be determined. In addition, the observation also shows some enhancements in electron temperature as a function of pump frequency around the reflection altitude of the pump, which are dependent on the behavior of dispersion of the upper hybrid wave near the fifth electron gyrofrequency.
Van Allen Probes observations of prompt MeV radiation belt electron acceleration in nonlinear interactions with VLF chorus
Authors: Foster J. C. , Erickson P. J. , Omura Y. , Baker D. N. , Kletzing C. A. , Claudepierre S. G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPrompt recovery of MeV (millions of electron Volts) electron populations in the poststorm core of the outer terrestrial radiation belt involves local acceleration of a seed population of energetic electrons in interactions with VLF chorus waves. Electron interactions during the generation of VLF rising tones are strongly nonlinear, such that a fraction of the relativistic electrons at resonant energies are trapped by waves, leading to significant nonadiabatic energy exchange. Through detailed examination of VLF chorus and electron fluxes observed by Van Allen Probes, we investigate the efficiency of nonlinear processes for acceleration of electrons to MeV energies. We find through subpacket analysis of chorus waveforms that electrons with initial energy of hundreds of keV to 3 MeV can be accelerated by 50 keV–200 keV in resonant interactions with a single VLF rising tone on a time scale of 10–100 ms.
A Bayesian seismic hazard analysis for the city of Naples
Authors: Faenza Licia , Pierdominici Simona , Hainzl Sebastian , Cinti Francesca Romana , Sandri Laura , Selva Jacopo , Tonini Roberto , Perfetti Paolo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this paper we explore the feasibility of formulating the hazard assessment procedure to include the information of past earthquakes into the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, together with the use of an ensemble modeling technique. This strategy allows, on the one hand, to enlarge the information used in the evaluation of the hazard, from alternative models for the earthquake generation process to past shaking and, on the other hand, to explicitly account for the uncertainties. The Bayesian scheme we propose is applied to evaluate the seismic hazard of Naples. The framework in which we have embedded the tools is flexible to include all types of uncertainties. Here we focus on a sensitive study of the earthquake occurrence by implementing models that span from random to cluster‐type temporal behavior and models that include quasiperiodic occurrence of earthquakes on faults. We implement five different spatiotemporal models to parameterize the occurrence of earthquakes potentially dangerous for Naples. Subsequently, we combine these hazard curves with ShakeMaps of past earthquakes that have been felt in Naples since 1200 A.D. The results are posterior ensemble hazard curves for three exposure times, e.g., 5, 10, and 50 years, in a dense grid that covers the municipality of Naples, considering rocky soil and including the site amplification. Our results show the importance to include the data from past shaking since the difference between the prior and the posterior is about 8–15% for the different exposure times.
Four‐dimensional imaging of moisture dynamics during landslide reactivation
Authors: Uhlemann Sebastian , Chambers Jonathan , Wilkinson Paul , Maurer Hansruedi , Merritt Andrew , Meldrum Philip , Kuras Oliver , Gunn David , Smith Alister , Dijkstra Tom 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLandslides pose significant risks to communities and infrastructure, and mitigating these risks relies on understanding landslide causes and triggering processes. It has been shown that geophysical surveys can significantly contribute to the characterization of unstable slopes. However, hydrological processes can be temporally and spatially heterogeneous, requiring their related properties to be monitored over time. Geoelectrical monitoring can provide temporal and volumetric distributions of electrical resistivity, which are directly related to moisture content. To date, studies demonstrating this capability have been restricted to 2‐D sections, which are insufficient to capture the full degree of spatial heterogeneity. This study is the first to employ 4‐D (i.e., 3‐D time lapse) resistivity imaging on an active landslide, providing long‐term data (3 years) highlighting the evolution of moisture content prior to landslide reactivation and showing its decline post reactivation. Crucially, the time‐lapse inversion methodology employed here incorporates movements of the electrodes on the unstable surface. Although seasonal characteristics dominate the shallow moisture dynamics during the first 2 years with surficial drying in summer and wetting in winter, in the months preceding reactivation, moisture content increased by more than 45% throughout the slope. This is in agreement with independent data showing a significant rise in piezometric heads and shallow soil moisture contents as a result of prolonged and intense rainfall. Based on these results, remediation measures could be designed and early‐warning systems implemented. Thus, resistivity monitoring that can allow for moving electrodes provides a new means for the effective mitigation of landslide risk.
Dependence of radiation belt simulations to assumed radial diffusion rates tested for two empirical models of radial transport
Authors: Drozdov A. Y. , Shprits Y. Y. , Aseev N. A. , Kellerman A. C. , Reeves G. D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRadial diffusion is one of the dominant physical mechanisms that drives acceleration and loss of the radiation belt electrons, which makes it very important for nowcasting and forecasting space weather models. We investigate the sensitivity of the two parameterizations of the radial diffusion of Brautigam and Albert (2000) and Ozeke et al. (2014) on long‐term radiation belt modeling using the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB). Following Brautigam and Albert (2000) and Ozeke et al. (2014), we first perform 1‐D radial diffusion simulations. Comparison of the simulation results with observations shows that the difference between simulations with either radial diffusion parameterization is small. To take into account effects of local acceleration and loss, we perform 3‐D simulations, including pitch angle, energy, and mixed diffusion. We found that the results of 3‐D simulations are even less sensitive to the choice of parameterization of radial diffusion rates than the results of 1‐D simulations at various energies (from 0.59 to 1.80 MeV). This result demonstrates that the inclusion of local acceleration and pitch angle diffusion can provide a negative feedback effect, such that the result is largely indistinguishable simulations conducted with different radial diffusion parameterizations. We also perform a number of sensitivity tests by multiplying radial diffusion rates by constant factors and show that such an approach leads to unrealistic predictions of radiation belt dynamics.
From Palladium to Brønsted Acid Catalysis: Highly Enantioselective Regiodivergent Addition of Alkoxyallenes to Pyrazolones
Authors: Zhou Hui , Wei Zhao , Zhang Jinlong , Yang Huameng , Xia Chungu , Jiang Gaoxi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA highly enantioselective regiodivergent addition of alkoxyallenes to pyrazolones was developed to afford multiply functionalized alkylated products bearing a quaternary carbon stereocenter in high yields with excellent stereoselectivities. One approach is enabled by palladium catalysis, thus leading to branched allylic pyrazol‐5‐ones under mild reaction conditions. The other is catalyzed by a chiral Brønsted acid to give linear products exclusively. Moreover, the usefulness of this new method was highlighted by converting the allylic products into other interesting multifunctionalized pyrazolone derivatives which would be of great potential for the exploitation of pharmaceutically important molecules.
Controlling Singlet–Triplet Energy Splitting for Deep‐Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters
Authors: Cui Lin‐Song , Nomura Hiroko , Geng Yan , Kim Jong Uk , Nakanotani Hajime , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe development of efficient metal‐free organic emitters with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties for deep‐blue emission is still challenging. A new family of deep‐blue TADF emitters based on a donor–acceptor architecture has been developed. The electronic interaction between donor and acceptor plays a key role in the TADF mechanism. Deep‐blue OLEDs fabricated with these TADF emitters achieved high external quantum efficiencies over 19.2 % with CIE coordinates of (0.148, 0.098).
Rice husk‐derived porous carbon/silica particles as green filler for electronic package application
Authors: Hsieh Ya‐Yu , Chen Tsung‐Yi , Kuo Wei‐Chiao , Lai Yi‐Shao , Yang Ping‐Feng , Lin Hong‐Ping 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTBio‐based porous carbon/silica particles (denoted as RH‐carbon/silica) were successfully prepared from agricultural waste rice husk by using acid‐hydrothermal treatment and pyrolysis under nitrogen condition. As green filler, the cure behavior, thermal‐mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity of the epoxy‐carbon/silica biocomposites at different filler contents (5, 9, 17, 29 wt %) were characterized. Because of superior surface properties (surface area, porosity, and silica segment) and high content of carbon component in the RH‐carbon/silica, the characteristics of the biocomposites were significantly improved with the increase of the filler content. At 29 wt % of filler content, the epoxy biocomposites exhibit lower curing temperature (148 °C), lower CTE (42 ppm/°C), higher Tg (123 °C), higher storage modulus (4059 MPa), and higher effective thermal conductivity (0.29 W/mK). In brief, the RH‐carbon/silica particles that can serve not only as reinforcing agent but also as thermal transport medium used in epoxy composite, is a green and high‐performance filler for this purpose. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44699.
Natural sunlight ageing of control and sterilized poly(ethylene terephthalate): Two‐dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopic investigation
Authors: Al Lafi Abdul G. , Abboudi Maher , Aljoumaa Khaled 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTAttenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) and two‐dimensional correlation (2D‐COS) spectroscopies were utilized to probe the structural changes occurring upon sunlight ageing up to 6 months in air atmosphere of both control and sterilized poly(ethylene terephthalate), (PET) bottles.Two dominant reactions were found; namely oxidation of the carbonyl groups and trans to gauche transformation of the ethylene glycole units. Oxidation manifested itself by the progressive development of a distinct band at 1690 cm−1assigned to the antisymmetric stretching of the carbonyl band in an aromatic carboxylic acid. Sterilizing the bottles by E‐beam or Gamma rays prior to ageing reduced the correlation intensity of the band at 1690 cm−1, and led to the presence of higher molecular weight compounds such as terephthalic acid in stored water. The infrared spectroscopy combined with 2D‐COS provides a powerful tool to investigate chemical and stero‐chemical modification of polymers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44736.
Hydrophobic‐hydrophilic surface switching properties of nonchain extended poly(urethane)s for use in agriculture to minimize soil water evaporation and permit water infiltration
Authors: Johnston Priscilla , Freischmidt George , Easton Christopher D. , Greaves Mark , Casey Phillip S. , Bristow Keith L. , Gunatillake Pathiraja A. , Adhikari Raju 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTPreformed plastic films produced from nondegradable materials such as poly(ethylene) are widely used in agriculture to enhance crop production by modifying soil temperature, conserving soil water, and supressing weeds, but are generally removed and disposed of after each growing season. We aim to circumvent the need to retrieve and dispose of plastic films by using water‐borne, degradable polymers that can be sprayed directly onto the soil surface to form a barrier to reduce soil water evaporation. We report the synthesis and characterization of a series of nonchain extended poly(urethane)s (PUs) for this purpose, that were prepared from poly(dimethylsiloxane) (928.3 g mol−1) and poly(ethylene glycol) (1020 g mol−1). These new materials undergo hydrophobic‐hydrophilic switching of their surface properties when in contact with water, which we exploit as a means of minimizing water evaporation from soil when the polymer layer is dry (e.g., in sunny conditions), but permitting the infiltration of liquid water through the treatment into soil during rainfall or sprinkler irrigation. The surface wettability and restructuring phenomena leading to these fascinating properties are intensively investigated using water contact angle measurements, surface‐free energy estimates and depth profiling X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Laboratory pot trials demonstrate that soil water evaporation reduced by more than 70% when soil was treated with a low loading of the polymer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44756.
Risk stratification of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma using immunophenotyping
Authors: Kagdi Huseini H. , Demontis Maria A. , Fields Paul A. , Ramos Juan Carlos , Bangham Charles R. M. , Taylor Graham P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAdult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), a human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1)‐associated disease, has a highly variable clinical course and four subtypes with therapeutic and prognostic implications. However, there are overlapping features between ATL subtypes and between ATL and nonmalignant (non‐ATL) HTLV‐1 infection complicating diagnosis and prognostication. To further refine the diagnosis and prognosis of ATL, we characterized the immunophenotype of HTLV‐1‐infected cells in ATL and non‐ATL. A retrospective study of peripheral blood samples from 10 HTLV‐1‐uninfected subjects (UI), 54 HTLV‐1‐infected patients with non‐ATL, and 22 with ATL was performed using flow cytometry. All patients with ATL had CD4+ CCR4+ CD26− immunophenotype and the frequency of CD4+ CCR4+ CD26− T cells correlated highly significantly with the proviral load in non‐ATL suggesting CD4+ CCR4+ CD26− as a marker of HTLV‐1‐infected cells. Further immunophenotyping of CD4+ CCR4+ CD26− cells revealed that 95% patients with ATL had a CD7− (≤30% CD7+ cells), whereas 95% HTLV+ non‐ATL had CD7+ (>30% CD7+ cells) immunophenotype. All patients with aggressive ATL had a CCR7+ (≥30%), whereas 92% with indolent ATL and 100% non‐ATL had a CCR7− (<30%) immunophenotype. Patients with nonprogressing indolent ATL were CD127+ but those with progressive lymphocytosis requiring systemic therapy had a CD127− (≤30%) immunophenotype. In summary, HTLV‐1‐infected cells have a CD4+ CCR4+ CD26− immunophenotype. Within this population, CD7− phenotype suggests a diagnosis of ATL, CCR7+ phenotype identifies aggressive ATL, while CCR7− CD127− phenotype identifies progressive indolent ATL.