bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Content of Erucic Acid in Edible Oils and Mustard by Quantitative 13C NMR
Authors: Kok Wai‐Ming , Mainal Azizah , Chuah Cheng‐Hock , Cheng Sit‐Foon 
Published: November 2017

High content of erucic acid in foods and edible oils is a major concern. The excessive consumption of erucic acid has been linked to heart diseases. Therefore, accurate, rapid, and direct analysis of the erucic acid content is particularly crucial. However, most of the analytical methods involve time‐consuming sample preparation and chromatography analyses. As a result, quantitative 13C NMR is developed and the total content of erucic acid in a wide variety of edible oils and mustard products are analyzed within 58 min. Meanwhile, the positional distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols and mustard products can be done effortlessly. An additional peak, namely, erucic acid peak is detected at 173.19 ppm has not been reported previously. Apart from that, the detection limit of erucic acid (0.98% [m m−1]) and coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9977) both are investigated by the current method. The total content of erucic acid shows an excellent quantitative relation between reference method (gas chromatography) and quantitative 13C NMR. In this study, mustard oil and few mustard products exceed the permitted maximum levels established for erucic acid (European Union: 5%, United State: 2%).Practical Applications: Erucic acid in mustard products and edible oils are determined. The excessive consumption of erucic acid can cause some healthy problems. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the tolerable intake of erucic acid. The results of this study can be applied to monitor and quantify the erucic acid content quickly in a wide variety of edible oils and mustard products without any laborious chemical derivatization prior to the analysis.Quick determination and quantification of erucic acid in dietary oils including mustard and its products, is achieved using quantitative 13C NMR. Besides that, regiospecific data of the oisl and products are also available from the same analysis.
Nutritional, physicochemical, and functional properties of protein concentrate and isolate of newly‐developed Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterrenea L.) cultivars
Authors: Adeleke Olaposi R. , Adiamo Oladipupo Q. , Fawale Olumide S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBambara groundnut is an indigenous African vegetable grown mainly for human food and animal feed due to its high protein content. Different factors like varieties and origin can influence the chemical composition of Bambara groundnut cultivars. Therefore, the aims of this study are to produce defatted flour and protein concentrate from newly developed Bambara groundnut cultivars [Accessions No: TVSU 5 – Bambara Groundnut White (BGW) and TVSU 146 – Bambara Groundnut Brown (BGB)] and compare their nutritional, physicochemical, and functional properties with market sample [Bambara groundnut commercial (BGC)]. Higher protein content was observed in BGW (20.73%) and BGB (20.14%) as compared to BGC (18.50%). Also, the fat and ash contents of BGB and BGW were higher than that of BGC. Also, the new varieties were found to contain higher levels of some essential fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acids. The concentration of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic, ascorbic acids, pyrodoxine, alpha tocopherol, and vitamin K were also significantly higher in the two new varieties. The new varieties were good sources of magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, sodium, and potassium. The oil and water absorption and swelling capacities of whole, defatted, and protein concentrate flour of the new varieties increase with increase in temperature. The defatted flour and protein concentrate of brown Bambara groundnut was found to exhibit high emulsifying activity and stability at different pH's and salt concentrations. The new varieties possess significantly higher foaming capacity and stability than the commercial variety. The results obtained from this study have shown the potential for the industrial and household use of the new Bambara groundnut cultivars into shelf stable protein products and could be a useful ingredient in food formulations.
Case report of male child with elevated lipoprotein (a) leading to acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Moriarty Patrick M. , Tennant Heather , Sehar Nandhini , Denney Lauryn , Luna Paola , Perez‐Marques Francesca , Panchal Apurva , Abraham Michael , Leever John 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAcute ischemic stroke (AIS) in children is rare with almost 40% diagnosed as cryptogenic. One possible mechanism associated with AIS is an elevated Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] level. Here, we discuss the case of an 11‐year old boy who presented with multiple thrombotic strokes secondary to elevated Lp(a), which was identified as the only risk factor and immediately treated with lipoprotein apheresis (LA). Eighteen months post‐AIS, he is still receiving LA treatments and has made remarkable progress in his recovery without another cerebrovascular event.
Blood Flow Changes in Subsynovial Connective Tissue on Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasonography in Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Before and After Surgical Decompression
Authors: Motomiya Makoto , Funakoshi Tadanao , Ishizaka Kinya , Nishida Mutsumi , Matsui Yuichiro , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesAlthough qualitative alteration of the subsynovial connective tissue in the carpal tunnel is considered to be one of the most important factors in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), little information is available about the microcirculation in the subsynovial connective tissue in patients with CTS. The aims of this study were to use contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (US) to evaluate blood flow in the subsynovial connective tissue proximal to the carpal tunnel in patients with CTS before and after carpal tunnel release.MethodsThe study included 15 volunteers and 12 patients with CTS. The blood flow in the subsynovial connective tissue and the median nerve was evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 2, and 3 months postoperatively using contrast‐enhanced US.ResultsThe blood flow in the subsynovial connective tissue was higher in the patients with CTS than in the volunteers. In the patients with CTS, there was a significant correlation between the blood flow in the subsynovial connective tissue and the median nerve (P = .01). The blood flow in both the subsynovial connective tissue and the median nerve increased markedly after carpal tunnel release.ConclusionsOur results suggest that increased blood flow in the subsynovial connective tissue may play a role in the alteration of the microcirculation within the median nerve related to the pathophysiologic mechanisms of CTS. The increase in the blood flow in the subsynovial connective tissue during the early postoperative period may contribute to the changes in intraneural circulation, and these changes may lead to neural recovery.
Meta‐analysis of induction chemotherapy as a selection marker for chemoradiation in the head and neck
Authors: Kiong Kimberley L. , de Souza Nurun Nisa , Sultana Rehena , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveMany trials incorporate induction chemotherapy (IC) in selecting for organ preservation in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). However, few studies examine IC response in predicting for chemoradiation therapy (CRT) response. This meta‐analysis aims to determine the predictive accuracy of IC for subsequent response to CRT and overall survival (OS).Data sourcesMedline, EMBASE, Cochrane register.MethodsA systematic search identified studies from database inception to October 2016 that used IC prior to CRT as definitive treatment for advanced HNSCC. The sensitivities and specificities of IC response predicting for complete CRT response were calculated, and the results were pooled in a summary receiver operating curve. One‐, 2‐ and 5‐year OS data were extracted.ResultsSeven studies (n = 423 patients) were analyzed for response and six (n = 439) for OS. Pooled median sensitivity and specificity of IC response predicting CRT response were 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–0.98) and 0.43 (95% CI: 0.00–0.61), respectively. Patients were more likely to respond to CRT given previous response to IC (positive likelihood ratio = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.21–2.11) and less likely to respond to CRT if they failed to respond to IC (negative likelihood ratio = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.07–0.38). At 2 years, good response to IC was a statistically significant prognostic marker with a risk ratio of 1.35 (95% CI: 1.12–1.64).ConclusionOur data suggests that patients with poor IC response will have poorer response to CRT and should be directed to other modalities. In contrast, good IC response does not guarantee a favorable outcome to CRT; however, because these patients are likely to have better prognoses, they should be offered salvage therapies of curative intent despite treatment failure.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:1594–1601, 2018
Synthesis of Two Well‐Defined Quadruple‐Stranded Copolymers having Two Kinds of Backbones by Postpolymerization of a Helical Template Polymer
Authors: Zang Yu , Aoki Toshiki , Tanagi Hiroyoki , Matsui Kana , Teraguchi Masahiro , Kaneko Takashi , Ma Liqun , Jia Hongge , Shinohara Ken‐ichi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA brand new, soluble quadruple‐stranded copolymer is synthesized by using a self‐template polymer from a new monomer. In addition, another very unique quadruple‐stranded copolymer having a π−π stacking supramolecular polymer main chain is synthesized by selective photocyclic aromatization of the quadruple‐stranded copolymer. The two quadruple‐stranded copolymers gave self‐standing membranes.
Double thermoresponsive block–random copolymers with adjustable phase transition temperatures: From block‐like to gradient‐like behavior
Authors: Eggers Steffen , Eckert Tilman , Abetz Volker 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTStimuli‐responsive block–random copolymers are very useful “smart” materials as their switching behavior can be tuned by simply adjusting the composition of the random copolymer block. Because of that, we synthesized double thermoresponsive poly(N‐acryloylpyrrolidine)‐block‐poly(N‐acryloylpiperidine‐co‐N‐acryloylpyrrolidine) (PAPy‐b‐P(APi‐co‐APy)) copolymers via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and investigated their temperature‐induced self‐assembly in aqueous solution. By varying the APi/APy ratio in the random copolymer block, its phase transition temperature (PTT1) can indeed be precisely adjusted while the temperature‐induced collapse upon heating leads to a fully reversible well‐defined micellization. By making the two blocks compositionally similar to more than 60%, the polymers' mechanistic thermoresponsiveness can furthermore be changed from block‐like to rather gradient‐like behavior. This means the micellization onset at PTT1 and the corona collapse at the PTT of the more hydrophilic pure PAPy block (PTT2) overlap resulting in one single broad transition. This work thus contributes to the detailed understanding of design, synthesis and mechanistic behavior of tailored “on‐demand” switchable materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 399–411
Na‐Cation‐Assisted Exfoliation of MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se) Nanosheets in an Aqueous Medium with the Aid of a Polymeric Surfactant for Flexible Polymer‐Nanocomposite Memory Applications
Authors: Yeon Changbong , Yun Sun Jin , Yang Junjae , Youn Doo‐Hyeb , Lim Jung Wook 
Published: November 2017

Abstract2D nanosheets of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been attracting attention due to their sizable band gap. Facile and effective Na‐cation‐assisted exfoliation of TMDC (MX2, M = Mo, W; X = S, Se) nanosheets in an aqueous medium and their application as a composite filler in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix are explored in this work. The presence of Na cations is highly beneficial for exfoliating defect‐free and few‐layer MX2 nanosheets in water in the presence of small‐sized micelles of polymeric surfactant, and significantly elevates the exfoliation yield by more than one order of magnitude compared to a conventional surfactant‐assisted exfoliation. The strategy suggested in this work is very advantageous compared to both Li cation intercalation in organic solvents and conventional low‐yield surfactant‐assisted exfoliations. As an application of the exfoliated nanosheets, the fabrication of memory devices with the configuration of Ga‐doped ZnO/MX2–PVA/Ag is demonstrated, and they exhibit bistable and write‐once‐read‐many‐times resistive switching behavior with a high ON/OFF current ratio of 3 × 103 at −1.0 V (for WS2) and 2.0 V (for MoS2). Furthermore, MX2–PVA nanocomposite fibrous films and mats are successfully fabricated using an electrospinning technique, which can expand the use of TMDC nanofillers in applications involving highly flexible polymer‐based MX2 composites.
Investigating a Rock Art Site in Paraná State, South of Brazil
Authors: Lopes Fábio , Parellada Cláudia , Gomes Paulo , Appoloni Carlos , Macario Kita , Carvalho Carla , Linares Roberto , Pessenda Luiz 
Published: November 2017

AbstractJaguariaíva 1 is a sandstone rockshelter located in Jaguariaíva, Paraná State, Brazil, with rock art on the surface of the walls and ceiling. A stratigraphic analysis of the soil within the shelter showed six occupational layers and a superficial disturbed layer with evidence from the end of the 19th century. The establishment of a rock-art chronology became possible using fallen painted rock sections incorporated into three sedimentary levels underlying this rock shelter. These show superimpositions of several pictures of differently sized animals, such as deer, and lattice motifs, which are generally associated with the Planalto rock art tradition. The chronological study was performed based on radiocarbon (14C) analysis of charcoal collected from six excavated subsurface archaeological contexts. The two oldest layers, associated with hunters and gatherers of the Umbu tradition, were dated to 7680–7516 cal BP and 6913–6656 cal BP. There are four occupational layers from ceramists and farmers related to the south Jê linguistic family, and linked to the Itararé-Taquara archaeological tradition: layer 3 linked to the oldest of such occupation, dated to 3058–2796 cal BP, followed by layer 4, dated to 2080–1701 cal BP. Layers 5 and 6, dated to 1995–1526 cal BP and 540–152 cal BP, respectively.
A study of bacterial pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Mofatteh M R , Shahabian Moghaddam F , Yousefi M , Namaei M H 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjective:To assess the frequency of bacterial agents in chronic suppurative otitis media and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates among patients.Methods:A total of 185 patients clinically diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media were interviewed and middle-ear effusion samples were collected using sterile swabs. All bacterial isolates were identified by conventional microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion.Results:Staphylococci spp. (64.9 per cent) were the most prevalent bacteria isolated, followed by Klebsiella spp. (12.9 per cent) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.3 per cent). The most effective antibiotic for treatment of bacterial chronic suppurative otitis media was ciprofloxacin. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in bacterial infestations among chronic suppurative otitis media patients and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the bacterial isolates based on gender and age (p > 0.05).Conclusion:Our findings highlight the importance of a continuous and periodic evaluation of the bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in chronic suppurative otitis media patients for efficacious treatment of the infection.
Endoscopic ear surgery in the ear camp setting; forward thinking or folly?
Authors: Clark M P A 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground:Endoscopic ear surgery is becoming an accepted technique in otological surgery, in the management of chronic otitis media.Methods:The technique was introduced to the humanitarian care setting of an ear camp in Nepal to consider the appropriateness of the technique in this type of clinical setting.Results:Fifteen cases of myringoplasty were successfully completed.Conclusion:The apparent advantages of the endoscopic approach over the traditional microscopic one were the ease of transporting the equipment and the optimal view obtained of the tympanic membrane. The ability for pathology and operative technique to be observed equally well by the surgeon and local staff was helpful for teaching, and enables a move towards self-sufficiency of care. Easy image capture also has potential for remote telemedicine applications.
The debate continues: a prospective, randomised, single-blind study comparing Coblation and bipolar tonsillectomy techniques
Authors: Wiltshire D , Cronin M , Lintern N , Fraser-Kirk K , Anderson S , Barr R , Bennett D , Bond C 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectives:Tonsillectomy is a common procedure with significant post-operative pain. This study was designed to compare post-operative pain, returns to a normal diet and normal activity, and duration of regular analgesic use in Coblation and bipolar tonsillectomy patients.Methods:A total of 137 patients, aged 2–50 years, presenting to a single institution for tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy were recruited. Pain level, diet, analgesic use, return to normal activity and haemorrhage data were collected.Results:Coblation tonsillectomy was associated with significantly less pain than bipolar tonsillectomy on post-operative days 1 (p= 0.005), 2 (p= 0.006) and 3 (p= 0.010). Mean pain scores were also significantly lower in the Coblation group (p= 0.039). Coblation patients had a significantly faster return to normal activity than bipolar tonsillectomy patients (p< 0.001).Conclusion:Coblation tonsillectomy is a less painful technique compared to bipolar tonsillectomy in the immediate post-operative period and in the overall post-operative period. This allows a faster return to normal activity and decreased analgesic requirements.
Characteristic pro-inflammatory cytokines and host defence cathelicidin peptide produced by human monocyte-derived macrophages infected withNeospora caninum
Authors: Boucher E. , Marin M. , Holani R. , Young-Speirs M. , Moore D.M. , Cobo E.R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNeospora caninumis a coccidian intracellular protozoan capable of infecting a wide range of mammals, although severe disease is mostly reported in dogs and cattle. Innate defences triggered by monocytes/macrophages are key in the pathogenesis of neosporosis, as these cells are first-line defenders against intracellular infections. The aim of this study was to characterize infection and innate responses in macrophages infected withN. caninumusing a well-known cell model to study macrophage functions (human monocyte THP-1 cells). Intracellular invasion of live tachyzoites occurred as fast as 4 h (confirmed with immunofluorescence microscopy usingN. caninum-specific antibodies). Macrophages infected byN. caninumhad increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-8, IFNγ). Interestingly,N. caninuminduced expression of host-defence peptides (cathelicidins), a mechanism of defence never reported forN. caninuminfection in macrophages. The expression of cytokines and cathelicidins in macrophages invaded byN. caninumwas mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK 1/2). Secretion of such innate factors fromN. caninum-infected macrophages reduced parasite internalization and promoted the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in naïve macrophages. We concluded that rapid invasion of macrophages byN. caninumtriggered protective innate defence mechanisms against intracellular pathogens.
Imazethapyr plus Propanil Mixtures in Imidazolinone-Resistant Rice
Authors: Webster Eric P. , Teló Gustavo M. , Blouin David C. , McKnight Benjamin M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA study was conducted in three locations in Louisiana to evaluate interactions of imazethapyr at 0 and 70 g ai ha−1mixed with propanil at 0, 1,120, 2,240, 3,360, and 4,480 g ha−1for the control of red rice, barnyardgrass, and hemp sesbania. According to Blouin’s modified Colby’s, a synergistic response occurred for red rice treated with imazethapyr mixed with propanil at 4,480 g ha−1for all evaluations. Observed control was 93% to 95% compared with expected control of 81% to 87%. An antagonistic response occurred for barnyardgrass control with imazethapyr mixed with propanil at 1,120 g ha−1at 35 and 49 d after treatment (DAT), with control of 75% and 64%, respectively, compared with expected control of 89% and 78%. However, a neutral response occurred for barnyardgrass control when treated with all other imazethapyr plus propanil combinations. An antagonistic interaction occurred for hemp sesbania when treated with imazethapyr plus propanil at 3,360 and 4,480 g ha−1at 21 DAT with an observed control of 89% compared with an expected control of 96%; however, a neutral response occurred at all other evaluation dates. An increase in rice yield was observed with an imazethapyr plus propanil at 4,480 g ha−1mixture compared with a single application of imazethapyr or propanil at any rate evaluated.
Hydrodenitrogenation of pyridines and quinolines at a multinuclear titanium hydride framework
Authors: Hu Shaowei , Luo Gen , Shima Takanori , Luo Yi , Hou Zhaomin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInvestigation of the hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of aromaticN-heterocycles such as pyridines and quinolines at the molecular level is of fundamental interest and practical importance, as this transformation is essential in the industrial petroleum refining on solid catalysts. Here, we report the HDN of pyridines and quinolines by a molecular trinuclear titanium polyhydride complex. Experimental and computational studies reveal that the denitrogenation of a pyridine or quinoline ring is easier than the ring-opening reaction at the trinuclear titanium hydride framework, which is in sharp contrast with what has been reported previously. Hydrolysis of the pyridine-derived nitrogen-free hydrocarbon skeleton at the titanium framework with H2O leads to recyclization to afford cyclopentadiene with the generation of ammonia, while treatment with HCl gives the corresponding linear hydrocarbon products and ammonium chloride. This work has provides insights into the mechanistic aspects of the hydrodenitrogenation of an aromaticN-heterocycle at the molecular level.
Multi-scale magnetic mapping of serpentinite carbonation
Authors: Tominaga Masako , Beinlich Andreas , Lima Eduardo A. , Tivey Maurice A. , Hampton Brian A. , Weiss Benjamin , Harigane Yumiko 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPeridotite carbonation represents a critical step within the long-term carbon cycle by sequestering volatile CO2 in solid carbonate. This has been proposed as one potential pathway to mitigate the effects of greenhouse gas release. Most of our current understanding of reaction mechanisms is based on hand specimen and laboratory-scale analyses. Linking laboratory-scale observations to field scale processes remains challenging. Here we present the first geophysical characterization of serpentinite carbonation across scales ranging from km to sub-mm by combining aeromagnetic observations, outcrop- and thin section-scale magnetic mapping. At all scales, magnetic anomalies coherently change across reaction fronts separating assemblages indicative of incipient, intermittent, and final reaction progress. The abundance of magnetic minerals correlates with reaction progress, causing amplitude and wavelength variations in associated magnetic anomalies. This correlation represents a foundation for characterizing the extent and degree of in situ ultramafic rock carbonation in space and time.