bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Socioeconomic Status and Perceived Barriers on Physical Activity Among Taiwanese Middle-Aged and Older Women
Authors: Lin Chia-Huei , Chiang Shang-Lin , Yates Patsy , Tzeng Wen-Chii , Lee Meei-Shyuan , Chiang Li-Chi 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Physical activity (PA) is associated with cardiovascular health in general populations, particularly in women. Middle-aged and older women are at high risk of less engagement in PA for unknown and complicated reasons.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate whether PA was positively associated with socioeconomic status and psychosocial correlates of PA (self-efficacy and perceived benefits) but inversely correlated with perceived barriers in women (age >40 years).

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey of 326 community-dwelling women was conducted. Data on socioeconomic status, PA, and its psychosocial correlates (ie, perceived benefits/barriers and self-efficacy) were collected using self-report questionnaires. Analyses were performed by multiple linear regressions.

Results:
Monthly income (β = .35, P = .015), employment status (β = .32, P < .001), and perceived barriers to PA (β = −.19, P = .008) were significantly associated with PA. More highly educated women participated in more (β = .13, P = .033) vigorous PA, women with fewer perceived barriers participated in more (β = −.14, P = .047) moderate-intensity PA, and employed women participated in more (β = .35, P < .001) walking. Significantly higher scores of perceived barriers, including “no trainer,” “feeling exhausted,” “lack of motivation,” and “lack of guidance,” were identified in women with low PA compared with those with moderate PA.

Conclusion:
Socioeconomic status and perceived barriers are associated with PA and its intensity level. Some specific barriers provide insights into the key factors that contribute to low PA in middle-aged and older women. These findings can be considered in future interventions to design PA promotion programs for this population to protect against cardiovascular diseases.
Prenatal Exposure to Folic Acid and Antidepressants and Language Development
Authors: Handal Marte , Skurtveit Svetlana , Roth Christine , Hernandez-Diaz Sonia , Selmer Randi 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of simultaneous use of folic acid supplements and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) by pregnant women on language development in their offspring at the age of 3 years.DesignWe conducted a cohort study of 45,266 women with 51,747 singleton pregnancies in the population-based Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study (1999–2008). The association between the use of SSRIs with and without concomitant folic acid and language competence in the offspring was investigated using multinomial logistic regression. Self-reported use of folic acid supplements and SSRIs was prospectively collected in 4-week intervals during pregnancy and validated with prescription data and plasma concentrations, respectively. The children's language competence was measured by a validated language grammar rating scale and classified into 3 categories.ResultsWomen reported the use of folic acid in 44,417 (85.8%) and SSRI in 372 (0.7%) of the pregnancies, 260 used the 2 simultaneously. Compared with women who used folic acid and no SSRIs, the adjusted relative risk ratio of lower language competence rose with the increased duration of simultaneous use of folic acid and SSRIs. After simultaneous use at 4 to 8 four-week intervals, the relative risk ratio reached 4.5 (95% confidence interval, 2.5–8.0) and 5.7 (2.5–13.0) for the intermediate and most delayed category, respectively, using the best language competence category as the reference. The use of SSRIs without folic acid was not significantly associated with an increased risk.ConclusionsWe detected a significant association between long-term use of SSRIs during pregnancy and delayed language competence in the offspring only when folic acid supplementation was used concomitantly. This surprising result warrants further studies.
Prognostic value of C-reactive protein in cirrhosis: external validation from the CANONIC cohort
Authors: Cervoni Jean-Paul , Amorós Àlex , Bañares Rafael , Luis Montero Jose , Soriano German , Weil Delphine , Moreau Richard , Pavesi Marco , Thévenot Thierry , Di Martino Vincent 
Published: June 2016

Background/aims
The variations in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have been reported to have prognostic significance in decompensated cirrhotic patients. We aimed to provide an external validation of a prognostic model combining model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and ‘sustained high CRP levels’ as main variables and to optimize the model to the context of liver transplantation by focusing on 3-month mortality with no consideration of severe chronic extrahepatic diseases.

Patients and methods
Data from cirrhotic patients enrolled in the CANONIC study were collected. Multivariate analyses used the competing risk model. The prognostic performance [area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC)] of the model incorporating CRP variations within 15 days was compared with that of the MELD score alone.

Results
583 decompensated cirrhotic patients with Child–Pugh more than B7 and serial CRP measures available were included. Of these, 111 patients had baseline CRP at least 29 mg/l and 60 still had CRP at least 29 mg/l at day 15±6 (group A). Multivariate analysis (competing risk) identified three predictors of 3-month mortality: high MELD score [hazard ratio (HR)=1.14; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.11–1.17, P<0.001], age (HR=1.04; 95% CI: 1.02–1.06, P<0.001), and group A (HR=1.69; 95% CI: 1.01–2.81, P=0.046). The performance of the three variables taken together for predicting 3-month mortality was 0.796 (AUROC), which was significantly higher than that of the MELD score (AUROC=0.769; P=0.019).

Conclusion
In Child–Pugh higher than B7 cirrhotic patients with decompensation, prognostic models incorporating variations in CRP within 15 days and age predict 3-month mortality better than the MELD score alone. Such models would improve the ranking of candidates for liver transplantation by differentiating the severe patients with persistent systemic inflammation and intermediate MELD scores.
Reduction of Arachidonate Is Associated With Increase in B‐Cell Activation Marker in Infants
Authors: Miklavcic John J. , Larsen Bodil M.K. , Mazurak Vera C. , Scalabrin Deolinda M.F. , MacDonald Ian M. , Shoemaker Glen K. , Casey Linda , Van Aerde John E. , Clandinin Michael T. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:Infants who are not breast‐fed benefit from formula with both docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and arachidonic acid (ARA; C20:4n6). The amount of ARA needed to support immune function is unknown. Infants who carry specific fatty acid desaturase (FADS) polymorphisms may require more dietary ARA to maintain adequate ARA status.Objective:The aim of the study was to determine whether ARA intake or FADS polymorphisms alter ARA levels of lymphocytes, plasma, and red blood cells in term infants fed infant formula.Methods:Infants (N = 89) were enrolled in this prospective, double‐blind controlled study. Infants were randomized to consume formula containing 17 mg docosahexaenoic acid and 0, 25, or 34 mg ARA/100 kcal for 10 weeks. Fatty acid composition of plasma phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, total fatty acids of lymphocytes and red blood cells, activation markers of lymphocytes, and polymorphisms in FADS1 and FADS2 were determined.Results:Lymphocyte ARA was higher in the 25‐ARA formula group than in the 0‐ or 34‐ARA groups. In plasma, 16:0/20:4 and 18:0/20:4 species of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were highest and 16:0/18:2 and 18:0/18:2 were lowest in the 34‐ARA formula group. In minor allele carriers of FADS1 and FADS2, plasma ARA content was elevated only at the highest level of ARA consumed. B‐cell activation marker CD54 was elevated in infants who consumed formula containing no ARA.Conclusions:ARA level in plasma is reduced by low ARA consumption and by minor alleles in FADS. Dietary ARA may exert an immunoregulatory role on B‐cell activation by decreasing 16:0/18:2 and 18:0/18:2 species of phospholipids. ARA intake from 25 to 34 mg/100 kcal is sufficient to maintain cell ARA level in infants across genotypes.
The Role of Activin A and B and the Benefit of Follistatin Treatment in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice
Authors: Fang Doreen Y.P. , Lu Bo , Hayward Susan , de Kretser David M. , Cowan Peter J. , Dwyer Karen M. 
Published: June 2016

Background
Activins, members of the TGF-β superfamily, are key drivers of inflammation and are thought to play a significant role in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), a process inherent to renal transplantation that negatively impacts early and late allograft function. Follistatin (FS) is a protein that binds activin and inhibits its activity. This study examined the response of activin A and B in mice after renal IRI and the effect of exogenous FS in modulating the severity of renal injury.

Methods
Mice were treated with recombinant FS288 or vehicle before renal IRI surgery. Activin A, B, and FS levels in the serum and kidney, and renal injury parameters were measured at 3, 6, and 24 hours after reperfusion.

Results
Serum and kidney activin B levels were increased within 6 hours postrenal IRI, accompanied by renal injury—increased serum creatinine, messenger (m)RNA expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL); endothelial activation—increased E-selectin mRNA; and systemic inflammation—increased serum levels of IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and TNF-α. Further injury was potentiated by an upsurge in activin A by 24 hours, with further increases in serum creatinine, KIM-1 and NGAL mRNA expression. Follistatin treatment significantly reduced the level of serum activin B and subsequently blunted the increase in activin A. Renoprotection was evident with the attenuated rise in serum creatinine, KIM-1 and NGAL expression, tubular injury score, renal cell apoptosis, and serum IL-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels.

Conclusions
We propose that activin B initiates and activin A potentiates renal injury after IRI. Follistatin treatment, through binding and neutralizing the actions of activin B and subsequently activin A, reduced renal IRI by minimizing endothelial cell activation and dampening the systemic inflammatory response. These data support the potential clinical application of FS treatment to limit IRI during renal transplantation.
The Motor Unit Number Index of Subclinical Abnormality in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Fukada Kei , Matsui Toyoko , Furuta Mitsuru , Hirozawa Daisuke , Matsui Misa , Kajiyama Yuta , Shimizu Mikito , Kinoshita Makoto , Mochizuki Hideki , Sawada Jin-ichi , Hazama Takanori 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:
Diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) at an early stage is challenging, thus making the enrollment of these patients in clinical trials infeasible. In this study, we investigated the potential usability of motor unit number index (MUNIX) to detect denervation of clinically intact muscles of ALS patients.

Methods:
Thirty-two first dorsal interosseous muscles of 26 ALS patients were evaluated with both MUNIX and needle electromyography.

Results:
The mean MUNIX value of first dorsal interosseous muscles was 131 in the control group, whereas it was 48, 34, 15, and 8 for Medical Research Council scales of 5, 4, 3, and 2, respectively, in the ALS patients. The optimal cutoff point gave a sensitivity of 0.89 and a specificity of 1.0. Among 9 intact first dorsal interosseous muscles of the ALS patients, 8 showed MUNIX values below the cutoff point, whereas only 2 first dorsal interosseous muscles showed denervation on needle electromyography.

Conclusions:
MUNIX could serve as a sensitive technique to detect denervation of clinically intact muscles of ALS patients.
Tandem duplication events in the expansion of the small heat shock protein gene family inSolanum lycopersicum(cv. Heinz 1706)
Authors: Krsticevic Flavia J. , Arce Débora P. , Ezpeleta Joaquín , Tapia Elizabeth 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn plants, fruit maturation and oxidative stress can induce small heat shock protein (sHSP) synthesis to maintain cellular homeostasis. Although the tomato reference genome was published in 2012, the actual number and functionality of sHSP genes remain unknown. Using a transcriptomic (RNA-seq) and evolutionary genomic approach, putative sHSP genes in theSolanum lycopersicum(cv. Heinz 1706) genome are investigated. A sHSP gene family of 33 members is established. Remarkably, roughly half of themembers of this family can be explained by nine independent tandem duplication eventsthat evolutionarily determined their functional fates. Within a mitochondrial class subfamily, only one duplicated member, Solyc08g078700, retained its ancestral chaperonefunction, while the others, Solyc08g078710 and Solyc08g078720,likely degenerated under neutrality and lack ancestral chaperone function. Functional conservation occurred within a cytosolic class I subfamily, whose four members, Solyc06g076570, Solyc06g076560, Solyc06g076540 and Solyc06g076520, support ~57% of the total sHSP RNAm in the red ripe fruit. Sub-functionalization occurred within a new subfamily, whose twomembers, Solyc04g082720 and Solyc04g082740, show heterogeneous differential expressionprofiles during fruit ripening. These findings, involving the birth/death of some genes or the preferential/plastic expression of some others during fruit ripening, highlight the importance of tandem duplication events in the expansion of the sHSP gene family in the tomato genome. Despite its evolutionary diversity, the sHSP gene family in the tomato genome seems to be endowed with a core set of four homeostasis genes: Solyc05g014280, Solyc03g082420, Solyc11g020330 and Solyc06g076560, which appear to provide abaseline protection during both fruit ripening and heat shock stress in different tomato tissues.
Intraoperative biomechanics of lumbar pedicle screw loosening following successful arthrodesis
Authors: Pearson Hope B. , Dobbs Christopher J. , Grantham Eric , Niebur Glen L. , Chappuis James L. , Boerckel Joel D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPedicle screw loosening has been implicated in recurrent back pain after lumbar spinal fusion, but the degree of loosening has not been systematically quantified in patients. Instrumentation removal is an option for patients with successful arthrodesis, but remains controversial. Here, we quantified pedicle screw loosening by measuring screw insertion and/or removal torque at high statistical power (β = 0.98) in N = 108 patients who experienced pain recurrence despite successful fusion after posterior instrumented lumbar fusion with anterior lumbar interbody fusion (L2-S1). Between implantation and removal, pedicle screw torque was reduced by 58%, indicating significant loosening over time. Loosening was greater in screws with evoked EMG threshold under 11 mA, indicative of screw misplacement. A theoretical stress analysis revealed increased local stresses at the screw interface in pedicles with decreased difference in pedicle thickness and screw diameter. Loosening was greatest in vertebrae at the extremities of the fused segments, but was significantly lower in segments with one level of fusion than in those with two or more.Clinical significanceThese data indicate that pedicle screws can loosen significantly in patients with recurrent back pain and warrant further research into methods to reduce the incidence of screw loosening and to understand the risks and potential benefits of instrumentation removal.
CellProfiler Analyst: interactive data exploration, analysis, and classification of large biological image sets
Authors: Dao D. , Fraser A. N. , Hung J. , Ljosa V. , Singh S. , Carpenter A. E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSummaryCellProfiler Analyst allows the exploration and visualization of image-based data, together with the classification of complex biological phenotypes, via an interactive user interface designed for biologists and data scientists. CellProfiler Analyst 2.0, completely rewritten in Python, builds on these features and adds enhanced supervised machine learning capabilities (in Classifier), as well as visualization tools to overview an experiment (Plate Viewer and Image Gallery).AvailabilityCellProfiler Analyst 2.0 is free and open source, available athttp://www.cellprofiler.org/releasesand from GitHub (https://github.com/CellProfiler/CellProfiler-Analyst) under the BSD license. It is available as a packaged application for Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows and can be compiled for Linux. We implemented an automatic build process that supports nightly updates and regular release cycles for the software.Contactanne@broadinstitute.orgSupplementary informationSupplementary Text 1: Manual to CellProfiler Analyst; updated versions are available atCellProfiler.org/CPASupplementary Data 1: Benchmarking performance of classifiers in CPA 2.0 versus CPA 1.0
Genetic Mapping by Bulk Segregant Analysis in Drosophila: Experimental Design and Simulation-Based Inference
Authors: Pool John E 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIdentifying the genomic regions that underlie complex phenotypic variation is a key challenge in modern biology. Many approaches to quantitative trait locus mapping in animal and plant species suffer from limited power and genomic resolution. Here, I investigate whether bulk segregant analysis (BSA), which has been successfully applied for yeast, may have utility in the genomic era for trait mapping inDrosophila(and other organisms that can be experimentally bred in similar numbers). I perform simulations to investigate the statistical signal of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) in a wide range of BSA and introgression mapping (IM) experiments. BSA consistently provides more accurate mapping signals than IM (in addition to allowing the mapping of multiple traits from the same experimental population). The performance of BSA and IM is maximized by having multiple independent crosses, more generations of interbreeding, larger numbers of breeding individuals, and greater genotyping effort, but is less affected by the proportion of individuals selected for phenotypic extreme pools. I also introduce a prototype analysis method for Simulation-based Inference for BSA Mapping (SIBSAM). This method identifies significant QTLs and estimates their genomic confidence intervals and relative effect sizes. Importantly, it also tests whether overlapping peaks should be considered as two distinct QTLs. This approach will facilitate improved trait mapping inDrosophilaand other species for which hundreds or thousands of offspring (but not millions) can be studied.
Comparison of 3.0 T PAC versus 1.5 T ERC MRI in Detecting Local Prostate Carcinoma
Authors: Ye Xin , yoyo Udochukwu , Lu Albert , Dixon Jed , Rojas Heather , Randolph Samuel , Kelly Thomas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIncreased utilization of prostate-specific antigen screening and prostate imaging has led to detection of smaller indolent tumors that traditional brachytherapy and prostectomy may be too aggressive for. New targeted techniques require greater locational accuracy of tumor detection to guide treatment. Prostate MRIs can be important for initial staging and for guiding targeted biopsies and treatments. We compared the accuracy of local staging of prostate cancer using 1.5 Tesla MRI with endorectal coil (ERC) versus 3 Tesla MRI with pelvic array coil (PAC) to the gold standard of trans-rectal US guided biopsies (TRUS). ERC is uncomfortable and has many imaging artifacts that may limit detection, so we hypothesize that 3 T MRI with PAC will have improved performance. 72 patients underwent prostate MRIs and TRUS prostate biopsies from 2008-2011 (33 were excluded due to prior radiation therapy, 24 patients underwent 1.5 T ERC and 15 underwent 3.0 T PAC.) 3.0 T PAC was trending towards greater sensitivity although we lack the statistical power for significance.
Multi-risk approach and urban resilience
Authors: Komendantova Nadejda , Scolobig Anna , Garcia-Aristizabal Alexander , Monfort Daniel , Fleming Kevin 
Published: June 2016

PurposeUrban resilience is becoming increasingly important due to increasing degree of urbanization and a combination of several factors affecting urban vulnerability. Urban resilience is also understood as a capacity of a system to prepare, respond and recover from multi-hazard threats. The purpose of multi-risk approach (MRA) is to take into consideration interdependencies between multiple risks, which can trigger a chain of natural and manmade events with different spatial and temporal scales. The purpose of this study is to understand correlation between multi-risk approach and urban resilience.Design/methodology/approachTo increase urban resilience, MRA should also include multi-risk governance, which is based on understanding how existing institutional and governance structures, individual judgments and communication of risk assessment results shape decision-making processes.FindingsThis paper is based on extensive fieldwork in the test studies of Naples, Italy and Guadeloupe, France, the historical case study analysis and the stakeholders’ interviews, workshops and focus groups discussions.Originality/valueMulti-risk is a relatively new field in science, only partially developed in social and geosciences. The originality of this research is in establishment of a link between MRA, including both assessment and governance, and urban resilience. In this paper, the authors take a holistic and systemic look at the MRA, including all stages of knowledge generation and decision-making. Both, knowledge generation and decision-making are reinforced by behavioural biases, different perceptions and institutional factors. Further on, the authors develop recommendations on how an MRA can contribute to urban resilience.
Critical infrastructure interdependence in New York City during Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Haraguchi Masahiko , Kim Soojun 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of Hurricane Sandy from the perspective of interdependence among different sectors of critical infrastructure in New York City and to assess the interconnected nature of risks posed by such a hurricane.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses indirect damages of each sector to estimate the degree of functional interdependence among the sectors. The study examines the impact of the hurricane on different critical infrastructures by combining hazard maps of actual inundation areas with maps of critical infrastructure. The direct damages of each sector are calculated from the inundation areas in the flood map. The indirect damages are estimated by considering the areas that were not inundated but affected by Sandy through the interconnected infrastructure.FindingsThe electricity sector was the key sector to propagate risks to other sectors. The examination of new initiatives to increase the resilience of critical infrastructures in New York City after Sandy reveals that these initiatives focus primarily on building hard infrastructures to decrease direct damages. They understate the importance of interdependent risk across sectors. Future disaster risk reduction strategies must address interdependent infrastructures to reduce indirect damages.Originality/valueThis paper focuses on estimating the direct and indirect damages caused by Hurricane Sandy in each critical infrastructure sector, using GIS mapping techniques. It also introduces a Bayesian network as a tool to analyze critical infrastructure interdependence.