bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circles of support and accountability: The characteristics of core members in England and Wales
Authors: Clarke Martin , Warwick Leah , Völlm Birgit 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundCircles of support and accountability, or Circles, use community volunteers to help reintegrate sex offenders at risk of reoffending in the community.AimsThe aims of this study are to describe the first 275 male sex offenders (‘core members’) in England and Wales supported by a Circle and to compare those attending the five largest Circles.MethodsAs part of their monitoring activity, 10 Circles extracted data from case files, anonymised it and submitted it to Circles UK, the national oversight body.ResultsCircles have expanded rapidly with 165 (60%) of Circles commencing in the three years 2011–2013 compared with 110 in the nine years 2002–2010. Most core members were referred from the Probation Service (82%). Circles were provided to men with a range of predicted risks of reoffending – from low (26%) to very high (12%). There were some positive changes between the beginning and end of Circles, such as fewer men being unemployed and more living in their own chosen accommodation.Conclusions/implications for practiceCircles have been used to support the reintegration of a wide range of sex offenders. Given their rapid growth and flexibility, consistent recording standards are required across. These standards should be reviewed periodically to ensure all important fields of change are captured, including frequency of attendance, length per session and quality of engagement in the work. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectroscopic Investigation of Titania‐Supported Gold Nanoparticles Prepared by a Modified Deposition/Precipitation Method for the Oxidation of CO
Authors: Compagnoni Matteo , Kondrat Simon A. , Chan‐Thaw Carine E. , Morgan David J. , Wang Di , Prati Laura , Villa Alberto , Dimitratos Nikolaos , Rossetti Ilenia 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe spectroscopic characterization of a material is a fundamental tool for understanding the structure–activity correlation for catalytic purposes. Regarding supported nanoparticles, this perspective has acquired more relevance in recent years and several techniques have been employed. In this work diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), coupled with CO adsorption, was used to investigate a modified deposition/precipitation method (DP‐UC) for the preparation of supported gold nanoparticles with very low metal loading (0.1–0.5 wt %). This promising synthetic route involves the use of urea as basic agent and NaBH4 as chemical reductant in contrast to the traditional high‐temperature reduction step. The systematic IR spectroscopic study of the Au loading was combined with CO oxidation catalytic tests. The evaluation of the results was also supported by several other techniques, such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N2 physisorption, and transmission electron microscopy. Particular attention was given to the evaluation of the gold electronic state, surface dispersion, particle size, and the corresponding structure–activity relationship.
Meldrum's Acid: A Useful Platform in Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Authors: Pair Etienne , Cadart Timothée , Levacher Vincent , Brière Jean‐François 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFor more than a hundred years, Meldrum's acid and its derivatives have proven their utility and versatility in organic synthesis. Showing very unusual properties and multiple facets of reactivity, this small architecture has become the keystone of numerous synthetic methodologies. In asymmetric organocatalysis, where the catalyst/substrate matching is of upmost importance, Meldrum's acid derivatives have slowly but surely emerged as partners of choice over the last decade. This review intends to give a comprehensive state‐of‐the‐art view of the use of Meldrum's acid in enantioselective organocatalysis. After discussing the properties of Meldrum's acid and alkylidene Meldrum's acid derivatives, we will also make a point of highlighting how they allow such a good pairing with organocatalysts.
Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Catalysis with Controlled Nanostructured Precious Monometals
Authors: Nishimura Shun , Ebitani Kohki 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAchievements in advanced materials science have required close cooperation with innovations in nanotechnology. First, in this Minireview, two impressive examples of close relationships between materials science and nanotechnology are introduced by using the histories on the Lycuurgus Cup and H2 storage/release phenomena in Pd crystals. In the main sections, the recent advanced approaches and the impressive scope of size‐ and shape‐controlled precious monometallic nanoparticle catalysts and the recent advances in organic‐stabilizer‐mediated specific catalysis are introduced. Heterogeneous catalysis is susceptible to nanoscale surface functionality and morphology, therefore, significant research has been directed towards controlled nanostructured catalysis associated with new nanotechnology for synthesis and analysis techniques. These discussions are with a view for future innovations in catalysis combined with nanotechnology.
Ultrasmall Palladium Nanoclusters as Effective Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhao Shuo , Zhang Hui , House Stephen D. , Jin Renxi , Yang Judith C. , Jin Rongchao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe recent prosperity of ultrasmall gold nanoclusters makes it desirable to expand the family of clusters to other metals. Here, we present a one‐phase approach for synthesizing thiolate‐protected palladium nanoclusters with a mass of approximately 5 kDa. Such nanoclusters are further evaluated for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solutions. Ligand‐on palladium nanoclusters exhibit an onset potential of −0.09 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and superior durability in open air. With ligands removed, the palladium nanoclusters display an onset potential of −0.02 V and a higher mass activity (272.4 A g−1 at the potential of −0.15 V) than that of Pt/C (166.6 A g−1). Kinetic investigation indicates a direct four‐electron reduction pathway over palladium nanoclusters, which is preferred in oxygen reduction, owing to enhanced power generation. The efficient catalytic performance of palladium nanoclusters makes them an excellent candidate as electrocatalysts in fuel cell technology.
Dipolar Photosystems: Engineering Oriented Push–Pull Components into Double‐ and Triple‐Channel Surface Architectures
Authors: Bolag Altan , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPush–pull aromatics are not popular as optoelectronic materials because their supramolecular organization is difficult to control. However, recent progress with synthetic methods has suggested that the directional integration of push–pull components into multicomponent photosystems should become possible. In this study, we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of double‐ or triple‐channel architectures that contain π stacks with push–pull components in parallel or mixed orientation. Moreover, the parallel push–pull stacks were uniformly oriented with regard to co‐axial stacks, either with inward or outward oriented push–pull dipoles. Hole‐transporting (p) aminoperylenemonoimides (APIs) and aminonaphthalimides (ANIs) are explored for ordered push–pull stacks. For the co‐axial electron‐transporting (n) stacks, naphthalenediimides (NDIs) are used. In double‐channel photosystems, mixed push–pull stacks are overall less active than parallel push–pull stacks. The orientation of the parallel push–pull stacks with regard to the co‐axial NDI stacks has little influence on activity. In triple‐channel photosystems, outward‐directed dipoles in bridging stacks between peripheral p and central n channels show higher activity than inward‐directed dipolar stacks. Higher activities in response to direct irradiation of outward‐directed parallel stacks reveal the occurrence of quite remarkable optical gating.
Achievable rates of SVD‐based codebooks for zero‐forcing and Tomlinson‐Harashima precoding schemes with limited feedback MU‐MIMO system
Authors: Kaleem Zeeshan , Hui Bing , Chang KyungHi 
Published: May 2016

SummaryIn this manuscript, we developed a new SVD‐based codebook design criterion for linear zero‐forcing (ZF) precoding and Tomlinson‐Harashima (TH) precoding with limited feedback. In limited feedback systems where only quantized channel state information is available, precoding on transmitter causes sum‐rate degradation because of quantization errors. Thus, we propose more efficient codebooks that reduce the quantization error with lower feedback overheads. We also develop a closed‐form expression for sum‐rate of the proposed codebooks in case of TH and ZF precoding schemes in a multiuser MIMO system with limited feedback. The numerical consequences prove that TH precoding can achieve sum‐rate gain of 0.5–2.5 bps/Hz at 25 dB signal‐to‐noise ratio as compared with linear ZF precoding with 10 and 20 feedback bits per user, respectively. Moreover, the numerical results also prove that the performance of nonlinear TH precoding is better than linear ZF precoding for low signal‐to‐noise ratio value or for the large number of feedback bits. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual role for Sox2 in specification of sensory competence and regulation of Atoh1 function
Authors: Puligilla Chandrakala , Kelley Matthew W. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe formation of inner ear sensory epithelia is believed to occur in two steps, initial specification of sensory competent (prosensory) regions followed by determination of specific cell‐types, such as hair cells (HCs) and supporting cells. However, studies in which the HC determination factor Atoh1 was ectopically expressed in nonprosensory regions indicated that expression of Atoh1 alone is sufficient to induce HC formation suggesting that prosensory formation may not be a prerequisite for HC development. To test this hypothesis, interactions between Sox2 and Atoh1, which are required for prosensory and HC formation respectively, were examined. Forced expression of Atoh1 in nonprosensory cells resulted in transient expression of Sox2 prior to HC formation, suggesting that expression of Sox2 is required for formation of ectopic HCs. Moreover, Atoh1 overexpression failed to induce HC formation in Sox2 mutants, confirming that Sox2 is required for prosensory competence. To determine whether expression of Sox2 alone is sufficient to induce prosensory identity, Sox2 was transiently activated in a manner that mimicked endogenous expression. Following transient Sox2 activation, nonprosensory cells developed as HCs, a result that was never observed in response to persistent expression of Sox2. These results, suggest a dual role for Sox2 in inner ear formation. Initially, Sox2 is required to specify prosensory competence, but subsequent down‐regulation of Sox2 must occur to allow Atoh1 expression, most likely through a direct interaction with the Atoh1 promoter. These results implicate Sox2‐mediated changes in prosensory cells as an essential step in their ability to develop as HCs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 3–13, 2017
Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome in a patient with anorexia nervosa: A case report
Authors: El Ghoch Marwan , Benini Luigi , Sgarbi Daniela , Dalle Grave Riccardo 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThis case report describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of a 26‐year‐old patient with anorexia nervosa (AN) diagnosed with Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome (SRUS). To our knowledge, this is the first case report to document SRUS in AN, whose pathogenesis in this case seems to have been determined by the patient's malnourished and underweight state. Furthermore, SRUS symptoms appear to have interacted with the eating disorder psychopathology, increasing the need to exert control over eating. Cognitive behavioral strategies and procedures were accordingly used to address the eating disorder psychopathology and to promote complete weight restoration, which brought about a significant reduction in the size of the ulcer and the complete resolution of SRUS symptoms. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:731–735)
Conceptualizing primary and secondary pathological exercise using available measures of excessive exercise
Authors: Cunningham Hayley E. , Pearman Silas , Brewerton Timothy D. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveThere is disagreement about the conceptualization and measurement of pathological exercise (PE). This study seeks to elucidate the nature of this phenomenon as addictive or compulsive in its primary and secondary forms.Method1,497 adults (608 men, 885 women, 4 other) completed a set of validated surveys, including the Godin Leisure‐Time Exercise Questionnaire, the Exercise Dependence Scale‐21, the Exercise Addiction Inventory, the Compulsive Exercise Test (CET), the Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire, the Commitment to Exercise Scale, and an exercise specific adaptation of the Dimensional Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale (ESDOCS). Participants completed the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire, and DSM‐5 eating disorder (ED) diagnoses were determined according to published guidelines. Pearson correlation coefficients, independent samples t‐tests, χ2 tests, 1‐way ANOVA's, and ANCOVA's were calculated.ResultsAll PE measures correlated highly with one another (P < 0.001). Participants with EDs scored higher on all measures than those without (P < 0.001), and those with bulimia nervosa had the highest scores. Participants with PE and an accompanying ED (secondary PE) scored higher than those with PE and no ED symptoms (primary ED) on the CET (P < 0.002) and ESDOCS (P < 0.003). Correlations between EDE‐Q and PE scores were stronger among women than men. PE prevalence was 6.4% (1.4% primary PE, 5.0% secondary PE) in our heterogeneous sample.DiscussionSecondary PE appears to be more compulsive while primary PE is more addictive in nature. Men and women are equally at risk for PE, but in men it is more often primary and addictive and in women it is more often secondary and compulsive. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:778–792)
Does being overweight or male increase a patient's risk of not being referred for an eating disorder consult?
Authors: MacCaughelty Chelsea , Wagner Rebecca , Rufino Katrina 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine whether sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and eating disorder diagnosis were associated with referral rates for eating disorder consults in a general inpatient psychiatric facility.MethodAn inpatient sample of 136 individuals with a current eating disorder diagnosis were utilized for this study. Chi square and logistic regression were used to identify variables affecting the likelihood of having an eating disorder consult.ResultsMore women than men were identified as having a current eating disorder diagnosis. For both women and men, eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) was the most common diagnosis, followed by binge‐eating disorder (BED). Compared to women, there were more men who did not receive an eating disorder consult. Specifically, overweight men were less likely to be referred for a consult.DiscussionResults highlight the need of healthcare providers to ask all individuals about their eating habits, which could then provide an opportunity to explore eating disorder symptoms. Due to historical biases, the less distinct nature of some diagnoses or the absence of symptoms that have been considered indicators of clinical severity, providers may be more likely to overlook individuals with diagnoses of EDNOS and BED for consults, especially men. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:963–966)
Marine ecosystem connectivity mediated by migrant–resident interactions and the concomitant cross‐system flux of lipids
Authors: van Deurs Mikael , Persson Anders , Lindegren Martin , Jacobsen Charlotte , Neuenfeldt Stefan , Jørgensen Christian , Nilsson P. Anders 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAccumulating research argues that migrants influence the functioning and productivity of local habitats and ecosystems along migration routes and potentially drive cross‐system energy fluxes of considerable magnitude, yet empirical documentation of local ecological effects and descriptions of the underlying mechanisms are surprisingly rare. In this study, we discovered migrant–resident interactions and substantial cross‐system lipid transportation in the transition zone between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea where a resident cod population (predators) was found to interact with a herring population (prey) on a seasonal basis. We traced the lipids, using fatty acid trophic markers (FATM), from the herring feeding grounds in the North Sea to the cod livers in the Western Baltic Sea. Time series analysis of population dynamics indicated that population‐level production of cod is positively affected by the herring subsidies. However, the underlying mechanisms were more complicated than anticipated. During the herring season, large cod received most of its dietary lipids from the herring, whereas smaller cod were prevented from accessing the lipid pool due to a mismatch in predator–prey size ratio. Furthermore, while the herring were extremely rich in bulk energy, they were surprisingly poor in a specific functional fatty acid. Hence, our study was the first to illustrate how the magnitude cross‐system fluxes of subsidies in migrant–resident systems are potentially constrained by the size structure of the resident predator population and the nutritional quality of the migrants.
The relationship between agricultural biodiversity, dietary diversity, household food security, and stunting of children in rural Kenya
Authors: M'Kaibi Florence K. , Steyn Nelia P. , Ochola Sophie A. , Du Plessis Lissane 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe study was to determine the role of Dietary diversity (DD), household food security (HFS), and agricultural biodiversity (AB) on stunted growth in children. Two cross‐sectional studies were undertaken 6 months apart. Interviews were done with mothers/caregivers and anthropometric measurements of children 24–59 months old.HFSwas assessed by household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS). A repeated 24‐h recall was used to calculate a dietary diversity score (DDS). Agricultural biodiversity (AB) was calculated by counting the number of edible plants and animals. The study was undertaken in resource‐poor households in two rural areas in Kenya. Mothers/Care givers and household with children of 24–59 months of age were the main subjects. The prevalence of underweight [WAZ<−2SD] ranged between 16.7% and 21.6% and stunting [HAZ<−2SD] from 26.3% to 34.7%. MeanDDSranged from 2.9 to 3.7 andHFIASranged from 9.3 to 16.2.ABwas between 6.6 and 7.2 items. Households with and without children with stunted growth were significantly different inDDS(P = 0.047) after the rainy season andHFIAS(P = 0.009) in the dry season, but not withABscore (P = 0.486). The meanABfor households with children with stunted growth were lower at 6.8, compared to 7.0 for those with normal growth, however, the difference was insignificant. Data indicate that households with children with stunted growth and those without are significantly different inDDSandHFIASbut not withAB. This suggests some potential in usingDDSandHFIASas proxy measures for stunting.
Differences in the Prices of Vulnerable Options with Different Counterparties
Authors: Wang Xingchun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a new pricing model is proposed to investigate the differences in the prices of vulnerable options with different counterparties. I start by specifying the dynamics of the market portfolio, and then break down the risk of the underlying asset and the assets of the counterparties into systematic and idiosyncratic risk, which allows me to distinguish the counterparties from these two kinds of risk. Finally, the derived pricing formulae are used to illustrate the differences between vulnerable option prices. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 37:148–163, 2017
Does admission to a specialist geriatric medicine ward lead to improvements in aspects of acute medical care for older patients with dementia?
Authors: Briggs Robert , O'Shea Emma , de Siún Ana , O'Neill Desmond , Gallagher Paul , Timmons Suzanne , Kennelly Sean 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to clarify if admission to a specialist geriatric medicine ward leads to improvements in aspects of acute medical care for patients with dementia.MethodsWe analysed combined data involving 900 patients from the Irish and Northern Irish audits of dementia care. Data on baseline demographics, admission outcomes, clinical aspects of care, multidisciplinary assessment and discharge planning processes were collected.ResultsLess than one‐fifth of patients received their inpatient care on a specialist geriatric medicine ward. Patients admitted to a geriatric medicine ward were less likely to undergo a formal assessment of mobility compared with those in non‐geriatric wards (119/143 (83%) vs 635/708 (90%), odds ratio (OR) = 0.57 (0.35 to 0.94)) and were more likely to receive newly prescribed antipsychotic medication during the admission (27/54 (50%) vs 95/2809 (36%), OR = 1.95 (1.08 to 3.51)). Patients admitted to a geriatric medicine ward were more likely to have certain aspects of discharge planning initiated, including completion of a single plan for discharge (78/118 (66%) vs 275/611 (45%), OR = 2.38 (1.58 to 3.60)). Surgical wards performed more poorly on certain aspects including having a named discharge co‐ordinator (32/71, 45%) and documentation of decisions regarding resuscitation status (18/95, 19%).ConclusionRelatively low numbers of patients with dementia received care on a specialist geriatric medicine ward. There appears to be a more streamlined discharge planning process in place on these wards, but they did not perform as well as one would expect in certain areas, such as compliance with multidisciplinary assessment and antipsychotic prescribing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact assessment of a maternal health project in a megacity, Nigeria: toward a future with more demand for maternal health services
Authors: Matsuoka Sadatoshi , Koga Sumiko , Suzui Emiko , Tsukada Yoshiko , Ohashi Kazutomo , Johnson Taiwo 
Published: May 2016

SummaryTo improve the quantity and quality of maternal health services in Lagos State, Nigeria having a maternal mortality ratio of 555 per 100 000 live births, a four‐year project was implemented since February 2010. The major activity of the project was training for both the service supply and demand sides. This study aimed to examine the impact of the project on coverages and quality of the services in target areas, and guide statewide policies. The Cochran–Armitage test for trend was applied to understand trends in the service coverages during 2009–2013. The same test was performed to analyse trends in the proportions of perineal conditions (i.e. intact or tear) and to evaluate variations in midwives' snkill during 2011–2013. The paired t‐test was used to analyse changes in midwives' knowledge. The project interventions contributed to a significant increase in the overall service coverages, including improvements in midwifery knowledge and possibly in their skills. However, the service coverage was still limited as of the termination of the project. To instal the interventions and maximise the effect of them state‐wide, it is recommended to undertake five tasks: (i) establishment of public primary health centres offering 24‐h maternal health services; (ii) redeployment and recruitment of public health personnel; (iii) expansion of midwifery trainings and continuous education by the local trainers; (iv) review of grass‐roots level activities; and (v) scrutiny of barriers to maternal health services. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.