bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cononsolvency of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) in methanol aqueous solution—insight by dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Man , Zhao Kongshuang 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBoth water and methanol are good solvents for poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), while PNIPAM does not dissolve in their mixed solvents, this phenomenon is called cononsolvency. Cononsolvency is closely related to many phenomena in life but so far, its mechanism is still controversial. In this work, the dielectric behavior of PNIPAM methanol aqueous solution was studied in the frequency of 40Hz–40GHz. From lower frequency to higher frequency, four relaxations were found. They are, respectively, from global chain motion, local motion of backbone, motion of side chain group, and the dipole orientation of the solvent molecule. The solvent dependence of dielectric parameters for the chain motion implied that the PNIPAM chain has undergone the coil‐globule‐coil transition. Dielectric analysis to microwave frequency showed that the volume of the bound solvent units on PNIPAM chain increases with the increasing methanol concentration, which suggested that the structure of solvation units bound on PNIPAM side chains undergo a changing process experience from water to water‐methanol cluster to the ternary methanol cluster. This work reveals the structure and dynamics of the PNIPAM chain and the solvent unit that involved in the solvation of PNIPAM, and provides some new insight into the cononsolvency phenomenon. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2017,55, 1227–1234
High tunnels: protection for rather than from insect pests?
Authors: Ingwell Laura L , Thompson Sarah L , Kaplan Ian , Foster Ricky E 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh tunnels are a season extension tool creating a hybrid of field and greenhouse growing conditions. High tunnels have recently increased in the USA and thus research on their management is lacking. One purported advantage of these structures is protection from common field pests, but evidence to support this claim is lacking. We compared insect pest populations in high tunnels with field production over two years for three crops: tomato, broccoli and cucumber.RESULTSGreenhouse pests (e.g. aphids, whiteflies) were more prevalent in high tunnels, compared to field plots. Hornworms (tobacco (Manduca sexta L.) and tomato (M. quinquemaculata Haworth)), a common field pest on tomato, were also more abundant in high tunnels, requiring chemical control while field populations were low. The crucifer caterpillar complex (imported cabbageworm (Pieris rapae L.), diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) and cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni Hübner)) was also more abundant in high tunnels in 2010. Cucumber beetle (striped (Acalymma vittatum F.) and spotted (Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim)) densities were higher in high tunnels in 2010 and field plots in 2011.CONCLUSIONThe common assumption that high tunnels offer protection from field pests was not supported. Instead, high tunnel growing conditions may facilitate higher pest populations. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Tree spacing impacts the individual incidence of Moniliophthora roreri disease in cacao agroforests
Authors: Ngo Bieng Marie Ange , Alem Laudine , Curtet Chloé , Tixier Philippe 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDUsing conventional pesticides in crop protection has raised serious environmental concerns and there is therefore a need for integrated pest management (IPM) methods. In this paper, we found that the spacing of trees can impact disease, which could result in a reduction in pesticide applications and may act as a potential IPM method. We studied Frosty Pod Rot (FPR) in 20 cacao agroforests in Costa Rica (Upala region).RESULTSUsing a generalized linear mixed model, we analyzed the impact of the neighborhood composition and distance from a studied cacao individual on its individual FPR incidence. We found that the number of cacao tree neighbors in a radius of 3.7 m and the number of fruit trees in a radius of 4.3 m had a significant negative influence on the incidence of FPR on individual cacao trees. Moreover, cacao tree neighbors had the most significant local influence compared to the neighborhood of other taller categories such as fruit or forest trees.CONCLUSIONThe mechanisms involved are related to the barrier effect, due to the effectiveness of the cacao tree's architecture as an efficient barrier against FPR spore dispersal. This paper provides new insights into optimization of the spatial environment around each host as an original IPM method. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The Statistical Characteristics of Maxima of Contact Force in Stacked Packaging Units under Random Vibration
Authors: Fang Ke , Wang Zhi‐Wei 
Published: June 2017

Stacked packaging units are the major form when transporting packaged products. In these stacked packaging units, the maxima of contact force between boxes are closely related with fatigue, the main failure form of packaged products during transportation, which can be simulated by random vibration. Therefore, this paper proposes a probability density function (PDF) of maxima for stationary Gaussian random signal with non‐zero mean and non‐unit variance to study the statistical characteristics of the maxima of contact force in three‐layer stacked packaging units, which is of vital importance to the fatigue evaluation. The proposed PDF of maxima is controlled by three parameters: spectral width parameter ϵ, mean value μx and variance σx. These three parameters are obtained respectively under three different impact factors, namely, constraint, acceleration excitation and location of contact surface. Power spectrum density (PSD) of contact force and PSDs' Q factors are also calculated. Relations and variations of the three parameters of PDF of maxima, PSD and PSD's Q factor under different impact factors are discussed in detail. It is found that the system of the three‐layer stacked units with a wide‐band excitation (ϵ → 1) as input and contact force (ϵ<1) as output can be regarded as a relatively narrow band system. And the proposed PDF of maxima proves to be an effective method to investigate the statistical characteristics of the maxima of contact force between boxes in the stacked packaging units. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Method for Fast Quality Evaluation of Deep‐drawn Paperboard Packaging Components
Authors: Müller Tobias , Lenske Alexander , Hauptmann Marek , Majschak Jens‐Peter 
Published: June 2017

The visual and mechanical quality of paperboard packaging components formed by deep drawing closely corresponds to the wrinkle distribution within the material wall section. Assessing this quality of paperboard packaging components currently relies on very slow or even subjective methods. Therefore, counting the number of wrinkles and measuring the mean distance between wrinkles proved to be a sensitive strategy for the evaluation of quality levels in deep drawing formed paperboard containers like cups or trays. A method introduced by Hauptmann proposes the measurement of the distances between 10 wrinkles in machine direction and 10 wrinkles in cross direction for each sample. However, this method is unsatisfactory because it can only observe a small part of each sample and is subject to deviation through the individual judgement of the person carrying out the survey. Further methods, as well as their respective application range, are listed in Table . Hence, it is desirable to automate the wrinkle survey to be carried out without operator influences to the measurement. This paper introduces such an automated measuring method. The given method relies on recording the sample surface topography through laser‐distance measurement. An evaluation algorithm, which enables the detection of wrinkles in the topographic data, is proposed. Furthermore, it is shown that the method yields feasible results and is capable of generating reliable quality information in considerably reduced time frames.
Modelling convectively induced secondary circulations in the terra incognita with TerrSysMP
Authors: Poll S. , Shrestha P. , Simmer C. 
Published: June 2017

Advances in high‐performance computing have led to kilometre and even sub‐kilometre scale regional simulations with numerical weather prediction models. This range of grid resolution – also termed ‘terra incognita’ – approaches the length‐scale of the most energetic eddies of the convective atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), which accordingly can only be inadequately resolved. This dilemma becomes particularly obvious when simulating convectively induced secondary circulations (CISCs) in the terra incognita, because the modelled CISC‐like circulations – also termed M‐CISCs – are poorly resolved and exhibit a grid‐resolution dependence. Previous studies have pointed out this problem using different modelling platforms and also suggested options for attenuating poorly resolved M‐CISCs with methods specific to the applied ABL schemes.This study examines M‐CISCs at horizontal grid resolutions of O(1 km), using the Terrestrial Systems Modelling Platform (TerrSysMP) for idealized and real case studies. The analysis of simulations using different surface heterogeneity and grid resolutions of O(1 km) shows that the presence of a superadiabatic layer near the surface and the increase of the horizontal grid resolution allow the critical Rayleigh number to be exceeded, generating poorly resolved M‐CISCs, whose amplitudes are strongly dependent on the horizontal grid resolution. We show that the asymptotic turbulent mixing length‐scale in the used ABL scheme can be tuned in a way that M‐CISCs are attenuated while the non‐resolved turbulence dealt with by the ABL scheme effectively propagates the surface fluxes into the ABL and sustains reasonable ABL profiles.
Relative molar response of lipophilic marine algal toxins in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Zendong Zita , Sibat Manoella , Herrenknecht Christine , Hess Philipp , McCarron Pearse 
Published: June 2017

RationaleAccurate quantitative analysis of lipophilic toxins by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) requires calibration solution reference materials (RMs) for individual toxin analogs. Untargeted analysis is aimed at identifying a vast number of compounds and thus validation of fully quantitative untargeted methods is not feasible. However, a semi‐quantitative approach allowing for profiling is still required and will be strengthened by knowledge of the relative molar response (RMR) of analogs in LC/MS with electrospray ionization (ESI).MethodsRMR factors were evaluated for toxins from the okadaic acid (OA/DTXs), yessotoxin (YTX), pectenotoxin (PTX), azaspiracid (AZA) and cyclic imine (CI) toxin groups, in both solvent standards and environmental sample extracts. Since compound ionization and fragmentation influences the MS response of toxins, RMRs were assessed under different chromatographic conditions (gradient, isocratic) and MS acquisition modes (SIM, SRM, All‐ion, target MS/MS) on low‐ and high‐resolution mass spectrometers.ResultsIn general, RMRs were not significantly impacted by chromatographic conditions (isocratic vs gradient), with the exception of DTX1. MS acquisition modes had a more significant impact, with PnTX‐G and SPX differing notably. For a given toxin group, response factors were generally in the range of 0.5 to 2. The cyclic imines were an exception.ConclusionsDifferences in RMRs between toxins of a same chemical base structure were not significant enough to indicate major issues for non‐targeted semi‐quantitative analysis, where there is limited or no availability of standards for many compounds, and where high degrees of accuracy are not required. Differences in RMRs should be considered when developing methods that use a standard of a single analogue to quantitate other toxins from the same group.
YY1 Expression Is Sufficient for the Maintenance of Cardiac Progenitor Cell State
Authors: Gregoire Serge , Li Guang , Sturzu Anthony C. , Schwartz Robert J. , Wu Sean M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
During cardiac development, DNA binding transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers regulate gene expression in cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). We have previously shown that Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is essential for the commitment of mesodermal precursors into CPCs. However, the role of YY1 in the maintenance of CPC phenotype and their differentiation into cardiomyocytes is unknown. In this study, we found, by genome-wide transcriptional profiling and phenotypic assays, that YY1 overexpression prevents cardiomyogenic differentiation and maintains the proliferative capacity of CPCs. We show further that the ability of YY1 to regulate CPC phenotype is associated with its ability to modulate histone modifications specifically at a developmentally critical enhancer of Nkx2-5 and other key cardiac transcription factor such as Tbx5. Specifically, YY1 overexpression helps to maintain markers of gene activation such as the acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9Ac) and lysine 27 (H3K27Ac) as well as trimethylation at lysine 4 (H3K4Me3) at the Nkx2-5 cardiac enhancer. Furthermore, transcription factors associated proteins such as PoIII, p300, and Brg1 are also enriched at the Nkx2-5 enhancer with YY1 overexpression. The biological activities of YY1 in CPCs appear to be cell autonomous, based coculture assays in differentiating embryonic stem cells. Altogether, these results demonstrate that YY1 overexpression is sufficient to maintain a CPC phenotype through its ability to sustain the presence of activating epigenetic/chromatin marks at key cardiac enhancers.
Teaching aquatic science as inquiry through professional development: Teacher characteristics and student outcomes
Authors: Duncan Seraphin Kanesa , Harrison George M. , Philippoff Joanna , Brandon Paul R. , Nguyen Thanh Truc T. , Lawton Brian E. , Vallin Lisa M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present an inquiry‐based, aquatic science professional development (PD) for upper‐elementary, middle, and high school teachers and examine changes in student outcomes in light of participating teachers’ characteristics and the grade band of the students. Our study lends support to the assertion that inquiry‐ and content‐focused PD, paired with classroom implementation, can effectively improve student learning. Our findings indicate that students improved in their nature of science (NOS) and aquatic science content knowledge and that these changes depended in some ways on the participating teachers’ characteristics and adherence to the program. The students’ improvements were amplified when their teachers adhered more closely to the PD activities during their classroom implementation. The teachers’ previous science PD experience and pre‐PD understanding of inquiry‐based teaching also explained some of the variability in student growth. In both NOS and content, students of teachers with less prior science‐PD experience benefited more. Grade band also explained variation in student outcomes through interactions with teacher‐characteristic variables. In high school, students of teachers with lower pre‐PD inquiry knowledge appeared to learn more about NOS. Our results suggest that inquiry and content training through PD may minimize disparities in teaching due to inexperience and lack of expertise. Our study also demonstrates the value of PD that teaches a flexible approach to inquiry and focuses on underrepresented, interdisciplinary content areas, like aquatic science. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 54:1219–1245, 2017
Credibility in social media: opinions, news, and health information—a survey
Authors: Viviani Marco , Pasi Gabriella 
Published: June 2017

In the Social Web scenario, where large amounts of User Generated Content diffuse through Social Media, the risk of running into misinformation is not negligible. For this reason, assessing and mining the credibility of both sources of information and information itself constitute nowadays a fundamental issue. Credibility, also referred as believability, is a quality perceived by individuals, who are not always able to discern with their cognitive capacities genuine information from the fake one. For this reason, in the recent years several approaches have been proposed to automatically assess credibility in Social Media. Most of them are based on data‐driven models, i.e., they employ machine‐learning techniques to identify misinformation, but recently also model‐driven approaches are emerging, as well as graph‐based approaches focusing on credibility propagation. Since multiple social applications have been developed for different aims and in different contexts, several solutions have been considered to address the issue of credibility assessment in Social Media. Three of the main tasks facing this issue and considered in this article concern: (1) the detection of opinion spam in review sites, (2) the detection of fake news and spam in microblogging, and (3) the credibility assessment of online health information. Despite the high number of interesting solutions proposed in the literature to tackle the above three tasks, some issues remain unsolved; they mainly concern both the absence of predefined benchmarks and gold standard datasets, and the difficulty of collecting and mining large amount of data, which has not yet received the attention it deserves. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1209. doi: 10.1002/widm.1209This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Web Mining
Application Areas > Science and Technology
Technologies > Machine Learning
Impact of climate change on alpine vegetation of mountain summits in Norway
Authors: Vanneste Thomas , Michelsen Ottar , Graae Bente Jessen , Kyrkjeeide Magni Olsen , Holien Håkon , Hassel Kristian , Lindmo Sigrid , Kapás Rozália Erzsebet , De Frenne Pieter 
Published: June 2017

AbstractClimate change is affecting the composition and functioning of ecosystems across the globe. Mountain ecosystems are particularly sensitive to climate warming since their biota is generally limited by low temperatures. Cryptogams such as lichens and bryophytes are important for the biodiversity and functioning of these ecosystems, but have not often been incorporated in vegetation resurvey studies. Hence, we lack a good understanding of how vascular plants, lichens and bryophytes respond interactively to climate warming in alpine communities. Here we quantified long‐term changes in species richness, cover, composition and thermophilization (i.e. the increasing dominance of warm‐adapted species) of vascular plants, lichens and bryophytes on four summits at Dovrefjell, Norway. These summits are situated along an elevational gradient from the low alpine to high alpine zone and were surveyed for all species in 2001, 2008 and 2015. During the 15‐year period, a decline in lichen richness and increase in bryophyte richness was detected, whereas no change in vascular plant richness was found. Dwarf‐shrub abundance progressively increased at the expense of lichens, and thermophilization was most pronounced for vascular plants, but occurred only on the lowest summits and northern aspects. Lichens showed less thermophilization and, for the bryophytes, no significant thermophilization was found. Although recent climate change may have primarily caused the observed changes in vegetation, combined effects with non‐climatic factors (e.g. grazing and trampling) are likely important as well. At a larger scale, alpine vegetation shifts could have a profound impact on biosphere functioning with feedbacks to the global climate.
Epidemiology and Disease Burden of Lateral Epicondylitis in the USA: Analysis of 85, 318 Patients
Authors: Degen Ryan M. , Conti Matthew S. , Camp Christopher L. , Altchek David W. , Dines Joshua S. , Werner Brian C. 
Published: June 2017

Background National rates of lateral epicondylitis and surgical treatment are poorly defined. Disease burden of lateral epicondylitis (LE) continues to increase annually. Further study is necessary to optimize treatment algorithms to reduce associated health-care expenditures. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study is to review the annual incidence of LE, surgical rates, and associated health-care costs in a population setting. Methods A national database was queried for LE from 2007 to 2014. Surgical cases were identified and annual rates were recorded. Demographic and epidemiologic data were reported with descriptive statistics, while trends over time were analyzed using linear regression. Results Eighty-five thousand three hundred eighteen cases of LE were identified. The annual incidence per 10, 000 patients remained constant ( p = 0.304). The proportion of diagnoses in patients <65 years decreased ( p ≤ 0.002) and ≥65 years increased ( p < 0.001) over the study period. One thousand six hundred ninety-four patients (2%) required operative treatment. The annual rate of surgical intervention remained constant ( p = 0.623). The proportion of patients <40 years requiring surgery decreased ( p < 0.001) as the proportion of patients ≥65 years needing surgery increased ( p = 0.003). Total reimbursement for LE procedures during the study period was $7, 220,912. Average per-patient reimbursement was $4263. Both annual total reimbursement ( p = 0.006) and per-patient reimbursement rates ( p = 0.002) significantly increased. Conclusion The annual incidence of LE and rate of surgical intervention have remained constant from 2007 to 2014. The proportion of patients over >65 years diagnosed with, and receiving surgical treatment for, LE has significantly increased in recent years. Total reimbursement and average per-patient reimbursement have steadily risen, demonstrating the increasing burden of cost on the health-care system.
A Stochastic Programming Model for Decision-Making Concerning Medical Supply Location and Allocation in Disaster Management
Authors: Barri Khojasteh Samad , Macit Irfan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe propose a stochastic programming model as a solution for optimizing the problem of locating and allocating medical supplies used in disaster management. To prepare for natural disasters, we developed a stochastic optimization approach to select the storage location of medical supplies and determine their inventory levels and to allocate each type of medical supply. Our model also captures disaster elaborations and possible effects of disasters by using a new classification for major earthquake scenarios. We present a case study for our model for the preparedness phase. As a case study, we applied our model to earthquake planning in Adana, Turkey. The experimental evaluations showed that the model is robust and effective. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:747–755)