bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoid 1 receptor knockout mice display cold allodynia, but enhanced recovery from spared-nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity
Authors: Sideris Alexandra , Piskoun Boris , Russo Lori , Norcini Monica , Blanck Thomas , Recio-Pinto Esperanza 
Published: May 2016

Background The function of the Cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) in the development of neuropathic pain is not clear. Mounting evidence suggest that CB1R expression and activation may contribute to pain. Cannabinoid 1 receptor knockout mice (CB1R−/−) generated on a C57Bl/6 background exhibit hypoalgesia in the hotplate assay and formalin test. These findings suggest that Cannabinoid 1 receptor expression mediates the responses to at least some types of painful stimuli. By using this mouse line, we sought to determine if the lack of Cannabinoid 1 receptor unveils a general hypoalgesic phenotype, including protection against the development of neuropathic pain. The acetone test was used to measure cold sensitivity, the electronic von Frey was used to measure mechanical thresholds before and after spared-nerve injury, and analysis of footprint patterns was conducted to determine if motor function is differentially affected after nerve-injury in mice with varying levels of Cannabinoid 1 receptor. Results At baseline, CB1R−/− mice were hypersensitive in the acetone test, and this phenotype was maintained after spared-nerve injury. Using calcium imaging of lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cultures, a higher percentage of neurons isolated from CB1R−/− mice were menthol sensitive relative to DRG isolated from wild-type (CB1R+/+) mice. Baseline mechanical thresholds did not differ among genotypes, and mechanical hypersensitivity developed similarly in the first two weeks following spared-nerve injury (SNI). At two weeks post-SNI, CB1R−/− mice recovered significantly from mechanical hypersensitivity, while the CB1R+/+ mice did not. Heterozygous knockouts (CB1R+/−) transiently developed cold allodynia only after injury, but recovered mechanical thresholds to a similar extent as the CB1R−/− mice. Sciatic functional indices, which reflect overall nerve health, and alternation coefficients, which indicate uniformity of strides, were not significantly different among genotypes. Conclusion Cold allodynia and significant recovery from spared-nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity are two novel phenotypes which characterize the global CB1R−/− mice. An increase in transient receptor potential channel of melastatin 8 channel function in DRG neurons may underlie the cold phenotype. Recovery of mechanical thresholds in the CB1R knockouts was independent of motor function. These results indicate that CB1R expression contributes to the development of persistent mechanical hypersensitivity, protects against the development of robust cold allodynia but is not involved in motor impairment following spared-nerve injury in mice.
2,3-Diphenylphenanthro[9,10-b]furan Derivatives as New Blue Fluorophores
Authors: Kojima Taketo , Kawajiri Ikumi , Nishida Jun-ichi , Kitamura Chitoshi , Kurata Hiroyuki , Tanaka Mirai , Ikeda Hiroshi , Kawase Takeshi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA series of 2,3-diphenylphenanthro[9,10-b]furans were prepared by the reactions of phenanthrene-9,10-dione with two equivalents of benzylidenetriphenylphosphoranes as a key step. The bis(4-bromophenyl) derivative can be readily lithiated by the action of n-butyllithium in diethyl ether. The corresponding 4-trimethylsilyl and 4-methylthio derivatives were obtained by quenching the dilithio derivative with trimethylsilyl chloride and dimethyl disulfide, respectively. The Buchwald–Hartwig amination of the bromide with diphenylamine afforded the diphenylamino derivative in a good yield. Crystallographic analysis of the parent diphenyl derivative reveals that the phenanthrofuran moiety has a slightly twisted helicene-like structure, and the compound forms a columnar stacking in the crystal. The phenanthrofurans display intense blue fluorescence both in CH2Cl2 and in the solid state. Their electrochemical properties obviously indicate high HOMO energy levels of the furans, as predicted by density functional theory calculations.
Content and Methodical Support of Partial Program of Integrated Local History Curriculum «Belgorod Studies» for Preschool Children
Authors: Епанчинцева  , Epanchintseva N. , Стручаев  , Struchaev V. 
Published: May 2016

The article describes the features of the partial program of the integrated course “Belgorod Studies” for preschool children. The authors give
purposes and content of the program, consider its thematic content, the basic forms and activities, as well as the methodological means for
ensuring the socio-moral education of children on the basis of local history in the conditions of preschool organizations and further education.
SUSCETIBILIDADE À DESERTIFICAÇÃO DAS TERRAS SECAS DE GILBUÉS (ESTADO DO PIAUÍ) E CABROBÓ (ESTADO DO PERNAMBUCO), NORDESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Sheydder de O-Lopes Laryssa , Celestino Soares Rafael 
Published: May 2016

Desertificação é um processo de fragilidade dos ecossistemas de terras secas em geral que, em decorrência da pressão excessiva exercida pelas populações humanas, perde sua produtividade e capacidade de regenerar-se. O objetivo deste trabalho foi discutir a suscetibilidade à desertifica-ção de duas áreas-piloto no Nordeste do Brasil: Gilbués (Piauí) e Cabrobó (Pernambuco). Estas áreas possuem características geológicas, de solo, clima e vegetação diferenciadas, no entanto, as atividades humanas possuem pontos em comum, tais como a agricultura, o desmatamento e a pecuária. A metodologia utilizada foi o levantamento bibliográfico e pesquisa de campo para coleta de dados e registros fotográficos. As consequências da desertificação resultam no empobrecimento da população local e declínio da qualidade ambiental, como também em processos migratórios intraregionais, perda de biodiversidade e de território. ABSTRACT Desertification is a process of weakness of the drylands ecosystems in general that, due to the excessive pressure from human populations, loses its productivity and capacity to regenerate itself. The objective of this study was to discuss the susceptibility to desertification in two pilot areas in Northeastern Brazil: Gilbués (Piauí State) and Cabrobó (Pernambuco State). These areas have differentiated characteristics of geology, soil, climate and vegetation. However, human activities have points in common, such as agriculture, deforestation and livestock. The methodology was the literature review and field research to collect data and photographic records. The consequences of desertification result in the local population impoverishment and loss of environmental quality, as well as in regional migration processes, loss of biodiversity and territory.
Public Consultation Processes in Greenland Regarding the Mining Industry
Authors: Ackrén Maria 
Published: May 2016

Since the Greenland Self-Government Act came into force in 2009, economic development and the right to utilize natural resources in Greenland lies in the hands of the Self-Government. Earlier efforts to establish this authority were made back in the 1970s, when discussions on Home Rule were first on the agenda. Mining industries are not a new activity in Greenland. During the Second World War, Greenlandic cryolite was used to produce aluminum for the North American aircraft industry. Other essential natural resources, such as gold and gemstones, have also received international interest over the years. Greenland’s new development aim is to build up a large-scale mining industry. This article elucidates the form of public consultation processes followed in Greenland in connection with two large-scale mining projects and the different views various actors have regarding these events. How did the deliberative democratic process unfold in Greenland regarding these projects? Was the process followed an effective way to manage these kinds of projects? The article shows that two projects that received a lot of media attention: the 2005 iron ore mine project in Isukasia, and the 2001 TANBREEZ-project to extract rare earth elements, used highly different approaches when it comes to deliberative democracy. In the former case, a limited degree of deliberative democracy was used, while in the latter case, the opposite applies.(Published: May 2016)Citation: M. Ackrén. “Public consultation processes in Greenland regarding the mining industry.” Arctic Review on Law and Politics, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2016, pp. 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17585/arctic.v7.216
Processo de Avaliação no Ensino: um Simples Ato de Dar Notas?
Authors: Biberg-Salum Tania Gisela , Bento Leda Márcia Araujo , De Andrade Luciana Paes 
Published: May 2016

<p>O processo de avaliação no ambiente educacional é alvo de constantes estudos, na tentativa de adequar-se às exigências das novas realidades. Diversos pesquisadores criaram sistemas para o estudo de exames e sua uniformização. A partir da década de 1960, a discussão acerca dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem e de avaliação se intensificaram. O objetivo do presente estudo foi elucidar marcos conceituais da avaliação e promover a reflexão acerca da prática presentemente em vigor. Para a realização deste estudo o embasamento se deu por meio de levantamento de dados bibliográficos procedentes da literatura. A evolução histórica do processo avaliativo se deu concomitantemente ao florescer de diferentes definições, que tomam como base uma ampla variedade de pressupostos metodológicos ou epistemológicos. Estes levam ao surgimento de diferentes paradigmas e modelos de avaliação. Não cabe mais entender a avaliação como um simples ato de dar notas, por<br />meio da aplicação de testes ou provas. A perspectiva deve estar voltada para o entendimento de que a avaliação não existe por si, mas para a atividade para a qual serve.</p>
Pilomatrixoma in Periocular Tissues: A Case Report from Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Nazmul , Lodh Dipankar , Siddiqui Mohammad Mamun , Mannan Mahedi , Khan AF Mohiuddin 
Published: May 2016

Benign calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe or pilomatrixoma or pilomatricoma is less common lesion of the periocular tissues arising from the matrix cells at the base of the hair. In the periocular area, it usually arises from the lids and eyebrows. Pilomatrixoma has certain characteristic clinical and histopathological features, but since it is not commonly suspected preoperatively, certain distinctive clinical features of tumour should suggest clinical diagnosis followed by histopathological confirmation.Journal of Science Foundation, 2015;13(1):21-24DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v13i1.27830
Defective Association of the Platelet Glycoprotein Ib–IX Complex with the Glycosphingolipid-Enriched Membrane Domain Inhibits Murine Thrombus and Atheroma Formation
Authors: Zhou Hao , Ran Yali , Da Qi , Shaw Tanner S. , Shang Dan , Reddy Anilkumar K. , López José A. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Ware Jerry , Wu Huaizhu , Peng Yuandong 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Localization of the platelet glycoprotein Ib–IX complex to the membrane lipid domain is essential for platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor and subsequent platelet activation in vitro. Yet, the in vivo importance of this localization has never been addressed. We recently found that the disulfide linkage between Ibα and Ibβ is critical for the association of Ibα with the glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane domain; in this study, we established a transgenic mouse model expressing this mutant human Ibα that is also devoid of endogenous Ibα (HαSSMα−/−). Characterization of this model demonstrated a similar dissociation of Ibα from murine platelet glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane to that expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, which correlates well with the impaired adhesion of the transgenic platelets to von Willebrand factor ex vivo and in vivo. Furthermore, we bred our transgenic mice into an atherosclerosis-prone background (HαSSMα−/−ApoE−/− and HαWTMα−/−ApoE−/−). We observed that atheroma formation was significantly inhibited in mutant mice where fewer platelet-bound CD11c+ leukocytes were circulating (CD45+/CD11c+/CD41+) and residing in atherosclerotic lesions (CD45+/CD11c+), suggesting that platelet-mediated adhesion and infiltration of CD11c+ leukocytes may be one of the mechanisms. To our knowledge, these observations provide the first in vivo evidence showing that the membrane GEM is physiologically and pathophysiologically critical in the function of the glycoprotein Ib–IX complex.
Mapping snow depth in alpine terrain with unmanned aerial systems (UASs): potential and limitations
Authors: Bühler Yves , Adams Marc S. , Bösch Ruedi , Stoffel Andreas 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Detailed information on the spatiotemporal snow depth distribution is a crucial input for numerous applications in hydrology, climatology, ecology and avalanche research. Today, snow depth distribution is usually estimated by combining point measurements from weather stations or observers in the field with spatial interpolation algorithms. However, even a dense measurement network like the one in Switzerland, with more than one measurement station per 10 km2 on average, is not able to capture the large spatial variability of snow depth present in alpine terrain.Remote sensing methods, such as laser scanning or digital photogrammetry, have recently been successfully applied to map snow depth variability at local and regional scales. However, in most countries such data acquisition is costly if manned airplanes are involved. The effectiveness of ground-based measurements on the other hand is often hindered by occlusions, due to the complex terrain or acute viewing angles. In this paper, we investigate the application of unmanned aerial systems (UASs), in combination with structure-from-motion photogrammetry, to map snow depth distribution. Compared to manual measurements, such systems are relatively cost-effective and can be applied very flexibly to cover terrain not accessible from the ground. In this study, we map snow depth at two different locations: (a) a sheltered location at the bottom of the Flüela valley (1900 m a.s.l.) and (b) an exposed location on a peak (2500 m a.s.l.) in the ski resort Jakobshorn, both in the vicinity of Davos, Switzerland. At the first test site, we monitor the ablation on three different dates. We validate the photogrammetric snow depth maps using simultaneously acquired manual snow depth measurements. The resulting snow depth values have a root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 0.07 to 0.15 m on meadows and rocks and a RMSE of less than 0.30 m on sections covered by bushes or tall grass, compared to manual probe measurements. This new measurement technology opens the door for efficient, flexible, repeatable and cost-effective snow depth monitoring over areas of several hectares for various applications, if the national and regional regulations permit the application of UASs.
Bone Structural Similarity Score: A Multiparametric Tool to Match Properties of Biomimetic Bone Substitutes with their Target Tissues
Authors: Falvo D'Urso Labate Giuseppe , Baino Francesco , Terzini Mara , Audenino Alberto , Vitale-Brovarone Chiara , Segers Patrick , Quarto Rodolfo , Catapano Gerardo 
Published: May 2016

Background One of the hardest tasks in developing or selecting grafts for bone substitution surgery or tissue engineering is to match the structural and mechanical properties of tissue at the recipient site, because of the large variability of tissue properties with anatomical site, sex, age and health conditions of the patient undergoing implantation. We investigated the feasibility of defining a quantitative bone structural similarity score based on differences in the structural properties of synthetic grafts and bone tissue. Methods Two biocompatible hydroxyapatite porous scaffolds with different nominal pore sizes were compared with trabecular bone tissues from equine humerus and femur. Images of samples’ structures were acquired by high-resolution micro-computed tomography and analyzed to estimate porosity, pore size distribution and interconnectivity, specific surface area, connectivity density and degree of anisotropy. Young's modulus and stress at break were measured by compression tests. Structural similarity distances between sample pairs were defined based on scaled and weighted differences of the measured properties. Their feasibility was investigated for scoring structural similarity between considered scaffolds or bone tissues. Results Manhattan distances and Quadrance generally showed sound and consistent similarities between sample pairs, more clearly than simple statistical comparison and with discriminating capacity similar to image-based scores to assess progression of pathologies affecting bone structure. Conclusions The results suggest that a quantitative and objective bone structural similarity score may be defined to help biomaterials scientists fabricate, and surgeons select, the graft or scaffold best mimicking the structure of a given bone tissue.
Waarom evalueren beleidsmakers?
Authors: De Peuter Bart , Pattyn Valérie 
Published: May 2016

Why do policy makers evaluate? A longitudinal analysis of evaluation purposes in Flemish ministerial policy notes
The evaluation purpose is decisive for how a policy evaluation is eventually used and deserves more attention in policy evaluation studies. In the present article, we investigated the motives underpinning concrete evaluations, as outlined in four series of Flemish ministerial policy notes that altogether span a 20-year policy period. The most important key finding is that the evaluation purposes are not sensitive to certain modes, neither are they strongly influenced by reforms and corresponding discourse. Despite the introduction of New Public Management oriented reforms in the Flemish public sector and the financial crisis, the relative share of attention that each of the evaluation purposes get has remained relatively unchanged across time. There seems to be a stable demand for ex ante and ex post evaluations and associated evaluation purposes. The common perception of a trend towards ever more evidence-based policy can hence not be confirmed. Remarkable as well is the low share of attention given to ‘accountability’, at least in discourse.
The Stubborn System of Moral Responsibility
Authors: Waller Bruce N. 
Published: May 2016

An examination of the powerful social and psychological factors that hold the belief in moral responsibility firmly in place.
The philosophical commitment to moral responsibility seems unshakable. But, argues Bruce Waller, the philosophical belief in moral responsibility is much stronger than the philosophical arguments in favor of it. Philosophers have tried to make sense of moral responsibility for centuries, with mixed results. Most contemporary philosophers insist that even conclusive proof of determinism would not and should not result in doubts about moral responsibility. Many embrace compatibilist views, and propose an amazing variety of competing compatibilist arguments for saving moral responsibility. In this provocative book, Waller examines the stubborn philosophical belief in moral responsibility, surveying the philosophical arguments for it but focusing on the system that supports these arguments: powerful social and psychological factors that hold the belief in moral responsibility firmly in place.
Waller argues that belief in moral responsibility is not isolated but rather is a central element of a larger belief system; doubting or rejecting moral responsibility will involve major adjustments elsewhere in a wide range of beliefs and values. Belief in moral responsibility is one strand of a complex and closely woven fabric of belief, comprising threads from biology, psychology, social institutions, criminal justice, religion, and philosophy. These dense interconnections, Waller contends, make it very difficult to challenge the belief in moral responsibility at the center. They not only influence the philosophical arguments in favor of moral responsibility but also add powerful extraphilosophical support for it.
Dynamic Allocation and Pricing
Authors: Gershkov Alex , Moldovanu Benny 
Published: May 2016

A new approach to dynamic allocation and pricing that blends dynamic paradigms from the operations research and management science literature with classical mechanism design methods.
Dynamic allocation and pricing problems occur in numerous frameworks, including the pricing of seasonal goods in retail, the allocation of a fixed inventory in a given period of time, and the assignment of personnel to incoming tasks. Although most of these problems deal with issues treated in the mechanism design literature, the modern revenue management (RM) literature focuses instead on analyzing properties of restricted classes of allocation and pricing schemes. In this book, Alex Gershkov and Benny Moldovanu propose an approach to optimal allocations and prices based on the theory of mechanism design, adapted to dynamic settings.
Drawing on their own recent work on the topic, the authors describe a modern theory of RM that blends the elegant dynamic models from the operations research (OR), management science, and computer science literatures with techniques from the classical mechanism design literature. Illustrating this blending of approaches, they start with well-known complete information, nonstrategic dynamic models that yield elegant explicit solutions. They then add strategic agents that are privately informed and then examine the consequences of these changes on the optimization problem of the designer. Their sequential modeling of both nonstrategic and strategic logic allows a clear picture of the delicate interplay between dynamic trade-offs and strategic incentives. Topics include the sequential assignment of heterogeneous objects, dynamic revenue optimization with heterogeneous objects, revenue maximization in the stochastic and dynamic knapsack model, the interaction between learning about demand and dynamic efficiency, and dynamic models with long-lived, strategic agents.
Plastic Water
Authors: Hawkins Gay , Potter Emily , Race Kane 
Published: May 2016

How and why branded bottles of water have insinuated themselves into our daily lives, and what the implications are for safe urban water supplies.
How did branded bottles of water insinuate themselves into our daily lives? Why did water become an economic good—no longer a common resource but a commercial product, in industry parlance a “fast moving consumer good,” or FMCG? Plastic Water examines the processes behind this transformation. It goes beyond the usual political and environmental critiques of bottled water to investigate its multiplicity, examining a bottle of water's simultaneous existence as, among other things, a product, personal health resource, object of boycotts, and part of accumulating waste matter. Throughout, the book focuses on the ontological dimensions of drinking bottled water—the ways in which this habit enacts new relations and meanings that may interfere with other drinking water practices.
The book considers the assemblage and emergence of a mass market for water, from the invention of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle in 1973 to the development of “hydration science” that accompanied the rise of jogging in the United States. It looks at what bottles do in the world, tracing drinking and disposal practices in three Asian cities with unreliable access to safe water: Bangkok, Chennai, and Hanoi. And it considers the possibility of ethical drinking, examining campaigns to “say no” to the bottle and promote the consumption of tap water in Canada, the United States, and Australia.