bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the bioaccumulation potential of ionizable organic compounds: Current knowledge and research priorities
Authors: Armitage James M. , Erickson Russell J. , Luckenbach Till , Ng Carla A. , Prosser Ryan S. , Arnot Jon A. , Schirmer Kristin , Nichols John W. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to review the current knowledge regarding the bioaccumulation potential of ionizable organic compounds (IOCs), with a focus on the availability of empirical data for fish. Aspects of the bioaccumulation potential of IOCs in fish that can be characterized relatively well include the pH dependence of gill uptake and elimination, uptake in the gut, and sorption to phospholipids (membrane–water partitioning). Key challenges include the lack of empirical data for biotransformation and binding in plasma. Fish possess a diverse array of proteins that may transport IOCs across cell membranes. Except in a few cases, however, the significance of this transport for uptake and accumulation of environmental contaminants is unknown. Two case studies are presented. The first describes modeled effects of pH and biotransformation on the bioconcentration of organic acids and bases, while the second employs an updated model to investigate factors responsible for accumulation of perfluorinated alkyl acids. The perfluorinated alkyl acid case study is notable insofar as it illustrates the likely importance of membrane transporters in the kidney and highlights the potential value of read-across approaches. Recognizing the current need to perform bioaccumulation hazard assessments and ecological and exposure risk assessment for IOCs, the authors provide a tiered strategy that progresses (as needed) from conservative assumptions (models and associated data) to more sophisticated models requiring chemical-specific information. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:882–897. © 2016 SETAC
High‐Performance Psychometrics: The Parallel‐E Parallel‐M Algorithm for Generalized Latent Variable Models
Authors: von Davier Matthias 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis report presents results on a parallel implementation of the expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm for multidimensional latent variable models. The developments presented here are based on code that parallelizes both the E step and the M step of the parallel‐E parallel‐M algorithm. Examples presented in this report include item response theory, diagnostic classification models, multitrait–multimethod (MTMM) models, and discrete mixture distribution models. These types of models are frequently applied to the analysis of multidimensional responses of test takers to a set of items, for example, in the context of proficiency testing. The algorithm presented here is based on a direct implementation of massive parallelism using a paradigm that allows the distribution of work among a number of processor cores. Modern desktop computers as well as many laptops are using processors that contain 2–4 cores and potentially twice the number of virtual cores. Many servers use 2, 4, or more multicore #central processing units (CPUs), which brings the number of cores to 8, 12, 32, or even 64 or more. The algorithm presented here scales the time reduction in the most calculation‐intense part of the program almost linearly for some problems, which means that a server with 32 physical cores executes the parallel‐E step algorithm up to 24 times faster than a single‐core computer or the equivalent nonparallel algorithm. The overall gain (including parts of the program that cannot be executed in parallel) can reach a reduction in time by a factor of 6 or more for a 12‐core machine. The basic approach is to utilize the architecture of modernCPUs, which often involves the design of processors with multiple cores that can run programs simultaneously. The use of this type of architecture for algorithms that produce posterior moments has straightforward appeal: The calculations conducted for each respondent or each distinct response pattern can be split up into simultaneous calculations.
PAPR analysis in noncontiguous OFDM systems
Authors: Kryszkiewicz Paweł , Kliks Adrian , Louet Yves 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNoncontiguous orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (NC‐OFDM) is a modulation technique suitable for 5G communications. It achieves high spectral efficiency due to aggregation and modulation with nonzero data symbols of only nonoccupied spectrum resources (subcarrier blocks). Similarly as in other multicarrier schemes, one of its main drawbacks is the high variation of instantaneous signal power measured typically by means of peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR). Although a lot of research effort has been put in OFDM PAPR characterization, there is a need for such work in the case of NC‐OFDM. This paper finds that PAPR distribution of NC‐OFDM is different than in the case of OFDM. The analysis was done by means of both simulations and analytical derivations. Lower and upper PAPR complementary cumulative distribution function bounds are provided for NC‐OFDM that are much tighter than state‐of‐the‐art solutions.
The role of fantasy–reality distinctions in preschoolers' learning from educational video
Authors: Richert Rebekah A. , Schlesinger Molly A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe current study examined if preschoolers' understanding of fantasy and reality are related to their learning from educational videos. Forty‐nine 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children watched short clips of popular educational programs in which animated characters solved problems. Following video viewing, children attempted to solve real‐world problems analogous to the problems in the videos and were asked to describe similarities between the video problems and the problems they solved in the lab. Additionally, children were tested for their understanding of which aspects of the clips and characters were realistic and possible and which were fantastical and impossible in the real world. Children were most likely to transfer solutions from clips that had moderate elements of fantasy or incorporated fantastical elements at moments that were relevant to solving the problem. Additionally, children's understanding of which elements of the clips were fantastical was related to their transfer. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the role of the fantasy understanding in children's learning from media.HighlightsOver the preschool years, children come to understand what aspects of animated programs are and are not possible in the real world.Preschoolers learn problem-solving skills from animated shows when they have a clear boundary between fantasy and reality.Engaging with moderate fantastical content in animated programs can support abstract thinking.
Credit Booms Gone Bust: Replication of Schularick and Taylor (AER 2012)
Authors: Summers Peter M. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThis paper replicates the results in Schularick and Taylor (American Economic Review 2012; 102(2): 1029–1061; ST hereafter). Specifically, I replicate ST's results in the ‘narrow’ sense by reproducing their calculations in the open source econometrics package gretl. (Gretl is an acronym for Gnu Regression, Econometrics and Time‐series Laboratory. It is available for Windows, Mac and Linux at www.gretl.sourceforge.net.) I also demonstrate the robustness of ST's findings to different estimation methods. I obtain qualitatively similar results to ST via Bayesian estimation of both static and dynamic panel probit models. Finally, I show that the marginal effects of credit growth on the probability of a financial crisis vary considerably across the countries in the dataset. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro and in vivo study of commercial calcium phosphate cement HydroSet™
Authors: Kent Niall W. , Blunn Gordon , Karpukhina Natalia , Davis Graham , de Godoy Roberta Ferro , Wilson Rory M. , Coathup Melanie , Onwordi Lyris , Quak Wen Yu , Hill Robert 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe commercial calcium phosphate cement, HydroSet™, was investigated in vitro, studying phase formation, compressive strength and setting time, followed by an ovine in vivo study to measure osseointegration, bone apposition and bone‐to‐graft contact. The X‐ray diffraction and 31P Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS NMR) results showed the initial formation of octacalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite at one hour. Over 7 days the octacalcium phosphate transformed to apatite, which was the only crystalline phase of the cement at 28 days. This apatite phase is thought to be a calcium deficient apatite. In the scanning electron microscopy, histological images of 12‐week ovine in vivo results showed a high degree of osseointegration, 92.5%. Compressive strength comparisons between in vitro and in vivo measurements showed a dramatic difference between the in vitro measurements (highest 25.4 MPa) and in vivo (95 MPa), attributed to bone ingrowth into the cement in vivo. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time phase evolution of HydroSet™ and the properties studied in vitro complement the in vivo evaluation of the cement in a publication. The significance of the new finding of initial formation of octacalcium phosphate in this cement is discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 21–30, 2018.
Dinosaurs, Chameleons, Humans, and Evo‐Devo Path: Linking Étienne Geoffroy's Teratology, Waddington's Homeorhesis, Alberch's Logic of “Monsters,” and Goldschmidt Hopeful “Monsters”
Authors: Diogo Rui , Guinard Geoffrey , Diaz Raul E. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTSince the rise of evo‐devo (evolutionary developmental biology) in the 1980s, few authors have attempted to combine the increasing knowledge obtained from the study of model organisms and human medicine with data from comparative anatomy and evolutionary biology in order to investigate the links between development, pathology, and macroevolution. Fortunately, this situation is slowly changing, with a renewed interest in evolutionary developmental pathology (evo‐devo‐path) in the past decades, as evidenced by the idea to publish this special, and very timely, issue on “Developmental Evolution in Biomedical Research.” As all of us have recently been involved, independently, in works related in some way or another with evolution and developmental anomalies, we decided to join our different perspectives and backgrounds in the present contribution for this special issue. Specifically, we provide a brief historical account on the study of the links between evolution, development, and pathologies, followed by a review of the recent work done by each of us, and then by a general discussion on the broader developmental and macroevolutionary implications of our studies and works recently done by other authors. Our primary aims are to highlight the strength of studying developmental anomalies within an evolutionary framework to understand morphological diversity and disease by connecting the recent work done by us and others with the research done and broader ideas proposed by authors such as Étienne Geoffroy Saint‐Hilaire, Waddington, Goldschmidt, Gould, and Per Alberch, among many others to pave the way for further and much needed work regarding abnormal development and macroevolution.
Transformational leadership and employee voice behavior: A Pygmalion mechanism
Authors: Duan Jinyun , Li Chenwei , Xu Yue , Wu Chia‐huei 
Published: November 2016

SummaryWe theorized and examined a Pygmalion perspective beyond those proposed in past studies in the relationship between transformational leadership and employee voice behavior. Specifically, we proposed that transformational leadership influences employee voice through leaders' voice expectation and employees' voice role perception (i.e., Pygmalion mechanism). We also theorized that personal identification with transformational leaders influences the extent to which employees internalize leaders' external voice expectation as their own voice role perception. In a time‐lagged field study, we found that leaders' voice expectation and employees' voice role perception (i.e., the Pygmalion process) mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and voice behavior. In addition, we found transformational leadership strengthens employees' personal identification with the leader, which in turn, as a moderator, amplifies the proposed Pygmalion process. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cover Image, Volume 97, Issue 1
Authors: Longo Rocco , Blackman John W , Torley Peter J , Rogiers Suzy Y , Schmidtke Leigh M 
Published: November 2016

The cover image, by Rocco Longo et al., is based on the Review Changes in volatile composition and sensory attributes of wines during alcohol content reduction, DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7757.
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Improving the water solubility of Monascus pigments under acidic conditions with gum arabic
Authors: Jian Wenjie , Sun Yuanming , Wu Jian‐Yong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDMonascus pigments (Mps) are natural food colorants and their stability in acidic solutions is important for application in the food industry. This study aimed to evaluate the use of gum arabic (GA) as a stabilizer for maintaining the solubility of Mps in an acidic aqueous solution exposed to a high temperature, and to analyze the molecular interactions between GA and Mps.RESULTSMps dispersed (0.2 g kg−1) in deionized water at pH 3.0–4.0 without GA formed precipitates but remained in a stable solution in the presence of GA (1 g kg−1). The significant improvement of Mps water solubility under acidic conditions was attributed to the formation of Mps–GA complexes, as indicated by a sharp increase in the fluorescence intensity. The results on particle size, zeta potential, and transmission electron microscopy further suggested that molecular binding of Mps to GA, electrostatic repulsion, and steric hindrance of GA were contributing factors to preventing the aggregation of Mps in acidic solutions. A mechanistic model was presented for GA–Mps interactions and complex structures.CONCLUSIONGA was proven to be an effective stabilizer of natural food colorants in acidic solutions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Linked sediment and water‐column methanotrophy at a man‐made gas blowout in the North Sea: Implications for methane budgeting in seasonally stratified shallow seas
Authors: Steinle Lea , Schmidt Mark , Bryant Lee , Haeckel Matthias , Linke Peter , Sommer Stefan , Zopfi Jakob , Lehmann Moritz F. , Treude Tina , Niemannn Helge 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLarge quantities of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) are stored in the seafloor. The flux of CH4 from the sediments into the water column and finally to the atmosphere is mitigated by a series of microbial methanotrophic filter systems of unknown efficiency at highly active CH4‐release sites in shallow marine settings. Here, we studied CH4‐oxidation and the methanotrophic community at a high‐CH4‐flux site in the northern North Sea (well 22/4b), where CH4 is continuously released since a blowout in 1990. Vigorous bubble emanation from the seafloor and strongly elevated CH4 concentrations in the water column (up to 42 µM) indicated that a substantial fraction of CH4 bypassed the highly active (up to ∼2920 nmol cm−3 d−1) zone of anaerobic CH4‐oxidation in sediments. In the water column, we measured rates of aerobic CH4‐oxidation (up to 498 nM d−1) that were among the highest ever measured in a marine environment and, under stratified conditions, have the potential to remove a significant part of the uprising CH4 prior to evasion to the atmosphere. An unusual dominance of the water‐column methanotrophs by Type II methane‐oxidizing bacteria (MOB) is partially supported by recruitment of sedimentary MOB, which are entrained together with sediment particles in the CH4 bubble plume. Our study thus provides evidence that bubble emission can be an important vector for the transport of sediment‐borne microbial inocula, aiding in the rapid colonization of the water column by methanotrophic communities and promoting their persistence close to highly active CH4 point sources.
Yb‐fiber‐based, high‐average‐power, high‐repetition‐rate, picosecond source at 2.1 µm
Authors: Kumar S. Chaitanya , Ebrahim‐Zadeh M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report a high‐repetition‐rate picosecond fiber‐based source at 2.1 µm offering exceptional performance capabilities over existing lasers near this wavelength, providing high average power and efficiency together with excellent spectral, power and beam pointing stability, in high spatial beam quality. This new source is based on a near‐degenerate MgO:PPLN optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumped by an Yb‐fiber laser at 1064 nm, and incorporating a diffraction grating for spectral control. The device provides as much as 7.1 W of average power at 2.1 µm for a pump power of 18 W at an extraction efficiency of 39.4% in pulses of 20 ps at 79.3 MHz. The output exhibits passive power stability better than 1% rms over 15 hours, and a beam pointing stability ∼40 µrad over 1 hour, in high spatial quality with M2 ∼ 3.5. The output beam is linearly polarized and the pulse train has an amplitude stability better than 3.4% rms over 2 µsec. Radio‐frequency measurements of the output pulse train also confirm high temporal stability and low timing jitter, indicating that the source is ideal for variety of applications including pumping long‐wavelength mid‐infrared OPOs.Photograph shows the temperature‐controlled, 50‐mm‐long MgO:PPLN crystal inside the cavity, used as nonlinear gain medium in the picosecond source operating at 2.1 µm. The visible light is the result of non‐phase‐matched second harmonic generation of the pump beam in the MgO:PPLN crystal.
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C9orf72 and ATXN2 repeat expansions coexist in a family with ataxia, dementia, and parkinsonism
Authors: Zhang Ming , Xi Zhengrui , Misquitta Karen , Sato Christine , Moreno Danielle , Liang Yan , Slow Elizabeth , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Tartaglia Maria Carmela 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundIntermediate interrupted ataxin 2 (ATXN2) alleles (27–33 CAG‐repeats) increase the risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and are reported as modifiers in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) carriers, rendering susceptibility to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis rather than frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The clinical presentation of C9orf72 patients with pathogenic ATXN2 alleles (≥35 CAG‐repeats) is unknown.MethodsBlood samples were collected from a family affected by ataxia, dementia, and parkinsonism, but not amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mutation analyses of the proband included C9orf72 and 14 ataxia genes, followed by segregation analyses in family members.ResultsBoth affected siblings carry an uninterrupted 37‐repeat expansion in ATXN2 and a methylated G4C2‐repeat allele in C9orf72 that is typical of large pathogenic expansions.ConclusionsThe CAG‐expansion in ATXN2 likely caused the ataxia, whereas the dementia may be linked to both C9orf72 and ATXN2 repeat expansions. The pathological uninterrupted ATXN2 repeat may not have the same modifying effect as intermediate interrupted alleles. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Robust sliding‐window reconstruction for Accelerating the acquisition of MR fingerprinting
Authors: Cao Xiaozhi , Liao Congyu , Wang Zhixing , Chen Ying , Ye Huihui , He Hongjian , Zhong Jianhui 
Published: November 2016

PurposeTo develop a method for accelerated and robust MR fingerprinting (MRF) with improved image reconstruction and parameter matching processes.Theory and MethodsA sliding‐window (SW) strategy was applied to MRF, in which signal and dictionary matching was conducted between fingerprints consisting of mixed‐contrast image series reconstructed from consecutive data frames segmented by a sliding window, and a precalculated mixed‐contrast dictionary. The effectiveness and performance of this new method, dubbed SW‐MRF, was evaluated in both phantom and in vivo. Error quantifications were conducted on results obtained with various settings of SW reconstruction parameters.ResultsCompared with the original MRF strategy, the results of both phantom and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the proposed SW‐MRF strategy either provided similar accuracy with reduced acquisition time, or improved accuracy with equal acquisition time. Parametric maps of T1, T2, and proton density of comparable quality could be achieved with a two‐fold or more reduction in acquisition time. The effect of sliding‐window width on dictionary sensitivity was also estimated.ConclusionThe novel SW‐MRF recovers high quality image frames from highly undersampled MRF data, which enables more robust dictionary matching with reduced numbers of data frames. This time efficiency may facilitate MRF applications in time‐critical clinical settings. Magn Reson Med 78:1579–1588, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Cognitive approaches to enhance spectrum availability for satellite systems
Authors: Chatzinotas S. , Evans B. , Guidotti A. , Icolari V. , Lagunas E. , Maleki S. , Sharma S. K. , Tarchi D. , Thompson P. , Vanelli‐Coralli A. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryCognitive radio technologies have achieved in the recent years an increasing interest for the possible gain in terms of spectrum usage with respect to unshared approaches. While most of the attention has been devoted to the cognitive coexistence between terrestrial systems, the coexistence between terrestrial and satellite communications is also seen as a viable option. Cognitive radio for satellite communications (CoRaSat) has been a European Commission seventh Framework Program project funded under the ICT Call 8. CoRaSat aimed at investigating, developing, and demonstrating cognitive radio techniques in satellite communication systems for flexible and dynamic spectrum access. In this paper, the CoRaSat cognitive approaches and techniques, investigated, developed, and demonstrated as most relevant to satellite communications, are described. In particular, the focus is on spectrum awareness, that is, database and spectrum sensing approaches, and on spectrum exploitation algorithms, that is, resource allocation and beamforming algorithms, to enable the use of spectrum for satellite communications using shared bands. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First Principles Study of the Interaction of Rare Gases in a U@C60 Fullerene
Authors: Lei Yanyu , Jiang Wanrun , Gao Yang , Xu Dexuan , Wang Bo , Wang Zhigang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTo understand the interaction between rare gases and actinide endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs), we use first‐principles density functional theory calculations to analyze the UNg@C60 system encapsulating a heavy rare gas atom (Ng=Ne, Ar) in EMF U@C60. The results show that U and rare gase atoms lose electrons, while the carbon cage gain electrons, and the order of magnitude of charge transfer is about 0.1 e. With the increase of atomic number of rare gases, the polarization effect and electronic correlation between U@C60 and rare gases are gradually enhanced which results in the electron cloud overlap. Our work helps to form a deeper understanding of the embedment mechanism of rare gas in confined conditions.