bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-17A Is an Important Effector of the Immune Response of the Mammary Gland to Escherichia coli Infection
Authors: Porcherie Adeline , Gilbert Florence B. , Germon Pierre , Cunha Patricia , Trotereau Angélina , Rossignol Christelle , Winter Nathalie , Berthon Patricia , Rainard Pascal 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The cytokine IL-17A has been shown to play critical roles in host defense against bacterial and fungal infections at different epithelial sites, but its role in the defense of the mammary gland (MG) has seldom been investigated, although infections of the MG constitute the main pathology afflicting dairy cows. In this study, we showed that IL-17A contributes to the defense of the MG against Escherichia coli infection by using a mouse mastitis model. After inoculation of the MG with a mastitis-causing E. coli strain, the bacterial load increased rapidly, triggering an intense influx of leukocytes into mammary tissue and increased concentrations of IL-6, IL-22, TNF-α, and IL-10. Neutrophils were the first cells that migrated intensely to the mammary tissue, in line with an early production of CXCL2. Depletion of neutrophils induced an increased mammary bacterial load. There was a significant increase of IL-17–containing CD4+ αβ T lymphocyte numbers in infected glands. Depletion of IL-17A correlated with an increased bacterial colonization and IL-10 production. Intramammary infusion of IL-17A at the onset of infection was associated with markedly decreased bacterial numbers, decreased IL-10 production, and increased neutrophil recruitment. Depletion of CD25+ regulatory T cells correlated with a decreased production of IL-10 and a reduced bacterial load. These results indicate that IL-17A is an important effector of MG immunity to E. coli and suggest that an early increased local production of IL-17A would improve the outcome of infection. These findings point to a new lead to the development of vaccines against mastitis.
Complex MHC Class I Gene Transcription Profiles and Their Functional Impact in Orangutans
Authors: de Groot Natasja G. , Heijmans Corrine M. C. , van der Wiel Marit K. H. , Blokhuis Jeroen H. , Mulder Arend , Guethlein Lisbeth A. , Doxiadis Gaby G. M. , Claas Frans H. J. , Parham Peter , Bontrop Ronald E. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
MHC haplotypes of humans and the African great ape species have one copy of the MHC-A, -B, and -C genes. In contrast, MHC haplotypes of orangutans, the Asian great ape species, exhibit variation in the number of gene copies. An in-depth analysis of the MHC class I gene repertoire in the two orangutan species, Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus, is presented in this article. This analysis involved Sanger and next-generation sequencing methodologies, revealing diverse and complicated transcription profiles for orangutan MHC-A, -B, and -C. Thirty-five previously unreported MHC class I alleles are described. The data demonstrate that each orangutan MHC haplotype has one copy of the MHC-A gene, and that the MHC-B region has been subject to duplication, giving rise to at least three MHC-B genes. The MHC-B*03 and -B*08 lineages of alleles each account for a separate MHC-B gene. All MHC-B*08 allotypes have the C1-epitope motif recognized by killer cell Ig-like receptor. At least one other MHC-B gene is present, pointing to MHC-B alleles that are not B*03 or B*08. The MHC-C gene is present only on some haplotypes, and each MHC-C allotype has the C1-epitope. The transcription profiles demonstrate that MHC-A alleles are highly transcribed, whereas MHC-C alleles, when present, are transcribed at very low levels. The MHC-B alleles are transcribed to a variable extent and over a wide range. For those orangutan MHC class I allotypes that are detected by human monoclonal anti-HLA class I Abs, the level of cell-surface expression of proteins correlates with the level of transcription of the allele.
Cutting Edge: Novel Tmem173 Allele Reveals Importance of STING N Terminus in Trafficking and Type I IFN Production
Authors: Surpris Guy , Chan Jennie , Thompson Mikayla , Ilyukha Vladimir , Liu Beiyun C. , Atianand Maninjay , Sharma Shruti , Volkova Tatyana , Smirnova Irina , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , Poltorak Alexander 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
With the stimulator of IFN genes (STING) C terminus being extensively studied, the role of the N-terminal domain (NTD) of STING remains an important subject of investigation. In this article, we identify novel mutations in NTD of Sting of the MOLF strain in response to HSV and Listeria monocytogenes both in vitro and in vivo. These mutations are responsible for low levels of IFN-β caused by failure of MOLF STING to translocate from the endoplasmic reticulum. These data provide evidence that the NTD of STING affects DNA responses via control of trafficking. They also show that the genetic diversity of wild-derived mice resembles the diversity observed in humans. Several human alleles of STING confer attenuated IFN-I production similar to what we observe with the MOLF Sting allele, a crucial functional difference not apparent in classical inbred mice. Thus, understanding the functional significance of polymorphisms in MOLF STING can provide basic mechanistic insights relevant to humans.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance of Nurses toward Hand Hygiene in Hospitals
Authors: Sharif Alireza , Arbabisarjou Azizollah , Balouchi Abbas , Ahmadidarrehsima Sudabeh , Kashani Hamed Haddad 
Published: December 2015

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION: </strong>The proper hand hygiene is one of the foremost techniques to reduce Nosocomial infections. The hand hygiene is deemed as the simplest method for control of Nosocomial infections if it is done properly it may prevent from a lot of costs and fatalities. Due to constant relationship with patients, nurses play paramount role in proper execution of hand hygiene among clinical personnel. The current study was carried out in order to analyze knowledge, attitude, and performance of nurses regarding hand hygiene.</p><p><strong>MATERIALS &amp; METHODOLOGY: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 (of 240) nurses from three hospitals in Kerman city at east of Iran in 2015. The standardized questionnaire was the tool for data collection. These data entered in SPSS (V.22). The frequency and percentage of frequency in descriptive statistics was employed for data analysis. The confidence interval was considered as 95%.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>The results showed that the majority of participants were male173 (86.5%), had BA degree 161 (80.5%) and were married 155 (70.5%). Most of nurses 77 (38.5%) had working experience (5-10years). The majority of nurses had good knowledge 149 (74.5%), positive attitude 141 (70.5%) and good performance 175 (87.5%).</p><p><strong>DISCUSSION &amp; CONCLUSION: </strong>The nurses are good level in terms of knowledge, attitude, and performance but improvement of their knowledge and knowledge seems to be more necessary by holding educational classes and courses in cases where they have less knowledge. </p>
Cognitive Vulnerability in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Dysthymic Disorder and Normal Individuals
Authors: Al-Ghorabaie Fateme Moin , Noferesti Azam , Fadaee Mahdi , Ganji Nima 
Published: December 2015

<p><strong>AIM: </strong>The purpose of this study was to assess cognitive vulnerability and response style in clinical and normal individuals.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>METHOD:</strong> A sample of 90 individuals was selected for each of the 3 groups of Generalized Anxiety disorder, Dysthymic disorder and normal individuals. They completed MCQ and RSQ.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Results analyzed by MANOVA and post hoc showed significant differences among groups. Dysthymic group and GAD reported higher scores on cognitive confidence compared to the normal group. Individuals with GAD showed highly negative beliefs about need to control thought, compared to the other groups, but in cognitive self-consciousness they have no differences with the normal group. In regard to uncontrollability, danger<strong> </strong>and positive beliefs, GAD group had higher levels than the other groups. Although normal and GAD group didn’t show any significant differences in response style, there was a significant difference between Dysthymic group and other groups in all response styles.<strong></strong></p><strong>DISCUSSION: </strong>Beliefs and meta-cognitive strategies can be distinguished between clinical and non clinical individuals. Also, findings support the Self-Regulatory Executive Function model. ary committee was effective in recognizing, designing and implementing tailored interventions for reduction of medication errors. A systematic approach is urgently needed to decrease organizational susceptibility to errors, through providing required resources to monitor, analyze and implement effective interventions.<p> </p>
The Research of Customers Satisfaction and Public Policy & Marketing Design in Special Interest Tourism—Macao Culinary Tourism
Authors: Wang Xin , Meng Ting 
Published: December 2015

<p class="A">Start from the development of domestic and foreign fine good, the basic principles and practice from government policy program and formulation, as well as interviews with experts and surveys for the tourists based on physical truth of the Macao culinary tourism development, we did research for the customers satisfaction of Macao culinary tourists and designed strategies and concrete measures of the public policy &amp; marketing. The paper will present policy action suggestions via measure the relationship of government public marketing and customers satisfaction of food tourists through factor analysis from multiple regression analysis. </p>The research believes regional tourism as a quasi-public product, public department plays significant role in its marketing practice. To design the public marketing strategies based on integration of government organizations, tourism industry and civil society groups will offer more comprehensive marketing capacity of private organizations, citizens and other stakeholders. It will very helpful to promote the overall value of Macao tourism, boost regional welfare and sustainable development in tourism industry.
Impulse Buying Behaviour of Generation Y in Fashion Retail
Authors: Khan Nasreen , Hui Hui Lai , Booi Chen Tan , Yong Hoe Hong 
Published: December 2015

Since the past two decades, Generation Y consumers have become global marketers’ interest due to their spending power and high likely to engage in impulse buying behaviour. Very little research investigates the impulse buying behaviour of Generation Y and existing research do not look into the possible factors of impulse buying behaviour as an integrative approach. The main objective of the research is to integrate all the possible factors with its dimensions and examine its simultaneous relationship with impulse buying behaviour. A survey questionnaire was administered to convenient sample of 250 Generation Y consumers of fashion apparel. The results show that demographic factor (gender) has the strongest impact on impulse buying behaviour, followed by situational and personal factors. Interesting finding is that demographic factor (income); situational factor (social influence) and personal factor (extraversion) do not stimulate impulse buying behaviour of Generation Y. These findings may enable global marketers to develop an effective market segmentation strategy.
Weak Form Efficiency of the Amman Stock Exchange: An Empirical Analysis (2000-2013)
Authors: N. Ananzeh Izz eddien 
Published: December 2015

<p>The Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) has been a lot of debates in the literature of finance because of its important implication, and there is no clear-cut case regarding the efficiency of the financial markets for both developed and emerging markets. This empirical study conducted to examine EMH at the weak form level of Amman stock Exchange (ASE) by using daily observations for the period span from 2000 to 2013. Recent econometric procedures utilized for testing the randomness of stock prices for ASE. The results of serial correlation reject the existence of random walks in daily returns of the ASE, and the unit root tests also conclude the return series of ASE are stationary and inefficient at the weak-level. Also the runs tests verify that the stock returns series on ASE are not random, and our final conclusion reports that the ASE is inefficient at the weak form level. </p>
The Rise of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Tool for Sustainable Development for the SMEs in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khurshid Muhammad Adnan , Aldakhil Abdullah Mohammed , Abro Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi , Aamir Alamzeb , Mujahid Malik Omair 
Published: December 2015

<p>The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) concept is not a new phenomenon for the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) operating in the Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabian government has taken many initiatives in this regard. Arab forum for Environment and Development (AFED ) in their 2008 report have confirmed that the Arab countries have to shift their focus on the green economy to achieve sustainable development and this is possible if CSR is being successfully implemented in all the business organizations specially SMEs. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to analyze the awareness of SMEs regarding the concept of CSR and their efforts towards the CSR for a greener Saudi Arabia. </p>
Recovery to Resilience
Authors: Mobley Suzanne , Jenisch Nick 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
As the tenth anniversary of New Orleans’ and arguably the United States’ greatest disaster came and went on August 29th this year, it is important to look critically at steps taken towards recovery in order to understand whether the massive efforts undertaken within and outside our community have led to sustainability and resilience, and to inform ongoing and future recovery and revitalization efforts. Our investigation draws from critical urban theory as defined by Brenner: “grounded on an antagonistic relationship not only to inherited urban knowledges, but more generally, to existing urban formations. It insists that another, more democratic, socially just, and sustainable form of urbanization is possible, even if such possibilities are being suppressed through dominant institutional arrangements, practices and ideologies” (Brenner 2012).
The anniversary served as a celebration of resilience for local officials anxious to focus on the city’s bright future and to let talk of a recovery-based economy lay behind us. On the ground, however, commemoration provided a pivot point in the thinking of local citizens, neighborhood groups, non-profit organizations, and those that serve them. It serves as well as a locus for counter-narratives of inequity and removal, for anger at hospitals closed, schools reordered, and a hundred thousand residents permanently displaced. These challenges are not new or unique to New Orleans, but the crucible of ten years of collaborative recovery work at the level of individuals, blocks, and neighborhoods allows us to organize and practice self-critique in the face of a changing economy, re-invented school system, upended healthcare structure, and other challenges.
Our perspective is shaped by witnessing a decade of top-down planning efforts, and by participating in official attempts at community engagement in recovery; some effective, some wildly ineffectual. While this work continues, now is a chance to refocus efforts towards building strong communities with equitable access to economic opportunity. It is a moment to recognize the successes and failures in the means of creating recovery to this point, with a focus on social justice and implementing changes and improvements meant to address broader and deeper problems facing our neighborhoods and the city at large.
Participation as assemblage
Authors: Stage Carsten , Ingerslev Karen 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The article presents a yet unexplored framework for analysing the multidimensionality and dis/connections of participatory processes and their outcomes by using the concept of the ‘assemblage’ (DeLanda, 2006). The case is an eight-month collaboration between a task force initiated by Central Denmark Region, the socio-economic company Sager der Samler, and citizens. The collaboration is aimed at bringing together and working across various institutional and user perspectives to act on a societal challenge. The analysis is theoretically based on a review of existing theories of participation and typologies for analysing and evaluating participation. In particular, the analysis focuses on the assemblage approach as a way of acknowledging the institutional, affective, material and power-related complexity of participatory processes. The assemblage approach helps to analytically stress that the process under investigation should be evaluated both with a more traditional focus on decision-making or power allocation, as well as taking into account the social, personal-affective and material benefits produced, and the potential for change in the relationship between public administration and citizens.
Translating Patient Experiences into Clinical Practice
Authors: Ledderer Loni , Nissen Nina 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this article we examine meanings and uses of the concept of patient involvement, using a psychosocial cancer rehabilitation intervention in Denmark as an example. Drawing on Scandinavian sociological institutionalism, we analyse the translation process of the concept and how it is understood, shaped and practised in four interrelated contexts: patients’ experience of cancer care; a call for research bids to improve cancer care; a research project of psychosocial cancer rehabilitation; and the implementation of the project’s intervention in clinical practice. Our analysis reveals distinct understandings and practices of patient involvement informed by the various actors’ perspectives and the structures of the healthcare system. The meaning of patient involvement changed from patients seeking to engage in healthcare on their terms, to patients being expected by researchers and healthcare professionals to be ‘active patients’ in particular ways. Our analysis highlights the importance of critically examining the phenomenon of patient involvement in local contexts.
Mastering Proton Activities in Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Zhang Leiting , Zhang Chao , Berg Erik J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdvanced aqueous batteries are promising solutions for grid energy storage. Compared with their organic counterparts, water‐based electrolytes enable fast transport kinetics, high safety, low cost, and enhanced environmental sustainability. However, the presence of protons in the electrolyte, generated by the spontaneous ionization of water, may compete with the main charge‐storage mechanism, trigger unwanted side reactions, and accelerate the deterioration of the cell performance. Therefore, it is of pivotal importance to understand and master the proton activities in aqueous batteries. This Perspective comments on the following scientific questions: Why are proton activities relevant? What are proton activities? What do we know about proton activities in aqueous batteries? How do we better understand, control, and utilize proton activities?
Medical students' initial experiences of the dissection room and interaction with body donors: A qualitative study of professional identity formation, educational benefits, and the experience of Pasifika students
Authors: Madgwick Jacob , Anderson Lynley , Cornwall Jon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe first experience of medical students in the dissecting room (DR) likely influences professional identity formation (PIF). Sparse data exist exploring how exposure to the DR and body donors without undertaking dissection influences PIF, or how culture may influence this experience. This qualitative study explored students' first, non‐dissection DR experience to determine how this contributes to PIF, including the impact of culture through a Pasifika‐student lens. It also explored student perspectives on what learning opportunities are unique to this experience. Medical students with no prior DR experience were recruited and then interviewed after initial engagement with the DR and body donors. Questions included participant experiences, cultural perspectives, and how the DR differed from other teaching experiences. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically. Twenty students were interviewed (mean age 22 years, 12 females; 8 Pasifika) resulting in 520 min of audio recording (mean 26 min). Four primary themes were identified: professional identity formation, educational elements, death and spirituality, and cultural perspectives. Three subthemes including student experiences, behaviors, and environment were developed within each theme. Findings indicate development of PIF likely occurs from a single engagement with body donors without undertaking dissection, including recognition of professional role. Culture can play an important role for students, with several Pasifika students viewing the DR as a “cultural purgatory”. Unique learning experiences are identified, such as cultural awareness around behaviors with the dead. The experience is an educational “threshold concept” where students likely undergo substantial developments in PIF, and educational initiatives to support students are outlined.
From awareness to action: Understanding the relationship between circular economy and favourable evaluation towards sustainable development
Authors: dos Santos Leite Gonella Jéssica , Filho Moacir Godinho , Ganga Gilberto Miller Devós , Lizarelli Fabiane Leticia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effects of heightened awareness of circular economy (CE) principles on individuals' evaluations of sustainable development within Brazil's resource‐rich yet environmentally challenged context. Employing social learning theory (SLT) as our theoretical framework, we investigate how increased knowledge of CE influences individuals' cognitive perceptions, enhancing their understanding and favourable assessment of sustainable practices. Data were collected through a nationwide survey of the general public, incorporating five CE dimensions: waste management, rational use of resources, technical cycle, sustainable products/packaging and dematerialization/collaborative consumption. Our results reveal that a deeper awareness of CE significantly improves individuals' positive evaluations concerning the environment, future generations' survival, socio‐economic development and engagement between people and institutions in sustainable practices. These positive evaluations are indicative of a shift in perception that precedes and may catalyse sustainable behaviours, suggesting that cognitive engagement is a critical precursor to actionable change. The study confirms that SLT effectively elucidates the bidirectional and complex interaction between cognition and evaluation within environmental contexts, thereby enriching the understanding of how sustainable practices can be adopted and promoted. The implications of our research are profound, suggesting that educational and policy interventions aimed at increasing CE knowledge could substantially impact sustainable development outcomes.