bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Nonmedically Indicated In-Hospital Supplementation of Infants Whose Birthing Parents Intended to Exclusively Breastfeed
Authors: Temple Newhook Julia , Newhook Leigh Anne , Midodzi William K. , Murphy Goodridge Janet , Burrage Lorraine , Gill Nicole , Halfyard Beth , Twells Laurie 
Published: March 2017

Background: Despite high rates of intention to exclusively breastfeed, rates of exclusive breastfeeding in Canada are low. Supplementation may begin in hospital and is associated with reduced breastfeeding duration. Research aim: The aim of this investigation was to explore determinants of in-hospital nonmedically indicated supplementation of infants whose birthing parents intended to exclusively breastfeed. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional one-group nonexperimental design, focused on participants who intended to exclusively breastfeed for 6 months ( n = 496). Data were collected between October 2011 and October 2015 in Newfoundland and Labrador. Variables measured included age; rural/urban location; education; income; race; marital status; parity; smoking status; having been breastfed as an infant; previous breastfeeding experience; Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale score; delivery mode; infant birth weight; birth satisfaction; skin-to-skin contact; length of participant’s hospital stay; breastfeeding advice from a lactation consultant, registered nurse, or physician; and first impression of breastfeeding. We evaluated determinants of in-hospital nonmedically indicated supplementation using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Overall, 16.9% ( n = 84) of infants received nonmedically indicated supplementation in hospital. Multivariate modeling revealed four determinants: low total prenatal Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.18, 3.27]), no previous breastfeeding experience (OR = 2.03, 95% CI [1.15, 3.61]), negative first impression of breastfeeding (OR = 2.67, 95% CI [1.61, 4.43]), and receiving breastfeeding advice from a hospital physician (OR = 2.86, 95% CI [1.59, 5.15]). Conclusion: Elements of the hospital experience, self-efficacy, and attitudes toward infant feeding are determinants of nonmedically indicated supplementation of infants whose birthing parents intended to exclusively breastfeed.
A novel compressive stress-based osteoarthritis-like chondrocyte system
Authors: Young In-Chi , Chuang Sung-Ting , Gefen Amit , Kuo Wei-Ting , Yang Chun-Ting , Hsu Chia-Hsien , Lin Feng-Huei 
Published: March 2017

Mechanical stress damage and insufficient self-repair can contribute to osteoarthritis (OA) in the affected joint. As the effects of stress on chondrocyte metabolism can regulate cartilage homeostasis, the specific stress–response condition is therefore a key to the generation of an OA disease model. We aimed to produce a specific stress- and cell-based OA model after evaluating the metabolic responses of chondrocytes in response to a series of static and cyclic compression stressors. A static load exceeding 40 psi initiated extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation through a decrease in the sulphated-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, upregulation of catabolic matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 encoding gene expression, and downregulation of the ECM-related aggrecan and type II collagen encoding genes within 24 h. Indicators of pro-inflammatory events and oxidative stress were found to correlate with increased IL-6 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, respectively. However, chondrocytes stimulated by moderate cyclic loading (30–40 psi) exhibited increased ECM-related gene expression without significant changes in catabolic and pro-inflammatory gene expression. BMP-7 expression increased at cyclic loading levels above 30–60 psi. These results demonstrated that static compression exceeding 60 psi is sufficient to produce OA-like chondrocytes that exhibit signs of ECM degradation and inflammation. These OA-like chondrocytes could therefore be used as a novel cell-based drug screening system. Impact statement The lack of an effective treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) reflects the great need for alternative therapies and drug discovery. Disease models can be used for early-stage compound screening and disease studies. Chondrocytes are solely responsible for the maintenance of the articular cartilage extracellular matrix. Our strategy involved the generation of a cell-based model of OA, a more readily studied disease. Instead of using animal cartilage explants, we incorporated isolated porcine chondrocytes with hydrogel to form three-dimensional assemblies. We could identify the specific magnitude-dependent metabolic responses of chondrocytes by applying a series of static and cyclic compression, and therefore successfully generated a novel OA-like cell-based model for drug screening.
Higher Fresh Gas Flow Rates Decrease Tidal Volume During Pressure Control Ventilation
Authors: Mohammad Shazia , Gravenstein Nikolaus , Gonsalves Drew , Vasilopoulos Terrie , Lampotang Samsun 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND:
We observed that increasing fresh gas flow (FGF) decreased exhaled tidal volume (VT) during pressure control ventilation (PCV). A literature search produced no such description whereby unintended VT changes occur with FGF changes during PCV.

METHODS:
To model an infant’s lungs, 1 lung of a mechanical lung model (Dual Adult TTL 1600; Michigan Instruments, Inc, Grand Rapids, MI) was set at a compliance of 0.0068 L/cm H2O. An Rp50 resistor (27.2 cm H2O/L/s at 15 L/min) simulated normal bronchial resistance. The simulated lung was connected to a pediatric breathing circuit via a 3.5-mm cuffed endotracheal tube. A ventilator with PCV capability (Model 7900; Aestiva, GE Healthcare, Madison, WI) measured exhaled VT, and a flow monitor (NICO; Respironics, Murraysville, PA) measured peak inspiratory flow, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and peak inspiratory pressure. In PCV mode, exhaled VT displayed by the ventilator at FGF rates of 1, 6, 10, and 15 L/min was manually recorded across multiple ventilator settings. This protocol was repeated for the Avance CS2 anesthesia machine (GE Healthcare).

RESULTS:
For the Aestiva, higher FGF rates in PCV mode decreased exhaled VT. Exhaled VT for FGFs of 1, 6, 10, and 15 L/min were on average 48, 34.9, 16.5, and 10 mL, respectively, at ventilator settings of inspiratory pressure of 10 cm H2O, PEEP of 0 cm H2O, and respiratory rate of 20 breaths/min. This is a decrease by up to 27%, 65.6%, and 79.2% when FGFs of 6, 10, and 15 L/min are compared with a FGF of 1 L/min, respectively. In the GE Avance CS2 at the same ventilator settings, VT for FGF rates of 1, 6, 10, and 15 L/min were on average 46, 43, 40.4, and 39.7 mL, respectively. The FGF effect on VT was not as pronounced with the GE Avance CS2 as with the GE Aestiva.

CONCLUSIONS:
FGF has a significant effect on VT during PCV in the Aestiva bellows ventilator, suggesting caution when changing FGF during PCV in infants. Our hypothesis is that at higher FGF rates, an inadvertent PEEP is developed by the flow resistance of the ventilator relief valve that is not recognized by the ventilator. In turn, less change in pressure is needed to reach the set inspiratory pressure, resulting in lower VT delivery at higher FGF rates. This underappreciated FGF–VT interaction during PCV with a bellows ventilator may be clinically significant in pediatric patients; prospective data collection in patients is needed for further evaluation.
The Effect of Sedation on Cortical Activation: A Randomized Study Comparing the Effects of Sedation With Midazolam, Propofol, and Dexmedetomidine on Auditory Processing
Authors: Frölich Michael A. , Banks Catiffaney , Ness Timothy J. 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND:
Every day, millions of people undergo surgical procedures facilitated by anesthesia. Yet, there is no clinically accepted measure to predict the effects of sedation or anesthesia on the central nervous system. Auditory brain activation may provide an objective and quantifiable method to measure of the effects of sedation on neuronal processing.

METHODS:
This is a randomized clinical trial. Forty-eight healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 sedative drugs (midazolam [n = 11], propofol [n = 12], or dexmedetomidine [n = 12]) at a concentration adjusted to achieve mild sedation by self-rating, or to a no-drug control group (n = 13). Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while listening to music in a 5-minute block design experiment. We tested the hypothesis that mild sedation changes the magnitude or extent of cortical activation of an auditory stimulus.

RESULTS:
We observed a significant reduction in auditory activation in both the dexmedetomidine (P = .001) and midazolam (P = .029) but not the propofol group (P = .619) when compared with saline control.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings indicate that, compared with saline control, there is a significant reduction of brain activation in the auditory cortex in response to midazolam and dexmedetomidine but not propofol when given at mildly sedative doses. This method serves as a novel approach to quantify the effects of sedative agents in an objective fashion.
A new New Babylon. Bottom-up Urban Planning & The Situationist utopia
Authors: Losada Romero Cesar 
Published: March 2017

The recent “Participatory Turn” in Urbanism has flourished most significantly in situations of economic turmoil, material scarcity and technical insufficiency: those circumstances have boosted creative and audacious urban processes that take advantage of such limitations as an opportunity to enhance social engagement, formal exploration and developmental experimentation. All across Europe or Latin America, multidisciplinary collectives aim to reinvent the socioeconomical conditions for urban design and construction, favoring the architectural Process rather than the Object.Experiences in Urban Acupuncture, bottom-up urbanism, activism for the public space and the claim for neighborly ties are often struggling against Top-Down urban planning and the modern articulation of the zoned city: according to some of these collectives, the Welfare State and its urban culture has been overtaken by capitalism, and the classical Ville Radieuse model has somehow become synonymous with Corporatocracy and social engineering.In this sociopolitical milieu , some of the mid twentieth century arguments against the Modern Movement have emerged again. Many scholars have linked the Occupy and Indignados movements with the events of May 68, and the urban guerrillas within both periods have been strongly biased towards a radical reformulation of the Structuralist urban parameters: in order to re-humanize the city, urban planning must give way to spontaneity, autopoiesis, dynamism and horizontal decision-making. The city is not considered a ready made object designed from scratch, but an always-evolving living entity, where perennial mutation and reconfiguration is the at the key feature. The City is a rhizome rather than a tree.The Situationist utopia of the New Babylon (as conceived by Constant Nieuwenhuys) revives as the core intellectual reference of many Participatory Urbanism experiences. Psycho-geography, détournement, the urban dweller as a homo ludens, and the harmonization of life and work are presented as the shield against the alienation, social segregation and gentrification inherent to the capitalist city and its planning instruments. The Situationist model is now enhanced with ideas of sustainability, social responsibility, gender claims, global migrations and ecology, depicting a contemporary Utopia that collapses the boundary between planners and dwellers.In this paper we´ll trace the influence of the Situationist ethos upon recent experiences in participatory urbanism: the impact of mid-twentieth century radical activism upon contemporary counter-cultural urban praxis, a trend that is pushing the Academia to reconsider its ethical foundations and methodological tools, and ultimately to reformulate the consensual ontology of the city inherited from the early Modern Movement.
Hypoxia‐induced proliferation of HeLa cells depends on epidermal growth factor receptor‐mediated arginase II induction
Authors: Setty Bhuvana A. , Pillay Smiley Natasha , Pool Caitlyn M. , Jin Yi , Liu Yusen , Nelin Leif D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSolid tumors can often be hypoxic in regions, and cancer cells can respond to hypoxia with an increase in proliferation and a decrease in apoptosis, leading to a net increase in viable cell numbers. We have recently found that in an osteosarcoma cell line, hypoxia‐induced proliferation depends on arginase II induction. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to mediate the hypoxia‐induced cellular proliferation in some cancer cell lines. We hypothesized that hypoxia‐induced proliferation of HeLa cells would depend on arginase II induction and that this induction of arginase II would occur through EGFR activation. Exposure of HeLa cells to hypoxia resulted in an upregulation of arginase II mRNA and protein levels, with no effect on arginase I expression. Hypoxia also resulted in significantly greater viable cell numbers than did normoxia. The hypoxia‐induced increase in viable cell numbers was prevented by either a small molecule inhibitor of arginase or siRNA targeting arginase II. Overexpression of arginase II resulted in an increase in viable cell numbers both in normoxia and hypoxia. Hypoxia caused a substantial induction of both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGFR. Preventing hypoxia‐induced EGFR expression using siRNA abolished hypoxia‐induced arginase II expression and the increase in viable cell numbers. Treatment with EGF in normoxia not only induced arginase II expression but also resulted in an increase in viable cell numbers. Blocking EGF interactions with EGFR using either an EGF neutralizing antibody or an EGFR antibody prevented the hypoxia‐induced increase in viable cell numbers. These results demonstrate an EGF/EGFR/arginase II pathway that is necessary for hypoxic proliferation in HeLa cells.
Association of transient hyperthyroidism and severity of hyperemesis gravidarum
Authors: Malek Nor Zila Hassan , Kalok Aida , Hanafiah Zainal Abidin , Shah Shamsul Azhar , Ismail Nor Azlin Mohamed 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
Transient non-immune hyperthyroidism in early pregnancy is hyperthyroidism diagnosed for the first time in early pregnancy, without evidence of thyroid autoimmunity or clinical findings of Grave’s disease and resolved spontaneously as the pregnancy progressed. Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is the commonest cause with 66%–73% of women with severe HG were found to have elevated thyroid function.

Materials and methods
We conducted a cross sectional study to determine the prevalence of transient hyperthyroidism in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum and its relation to the severity of nausea and vomiting. Severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy was assessed using the modified pregnancy-unique quantification of emesis (PUQE) scoring system. Each patient had urine and blood investigations which also included a full blood count and thyroid and renal function tests. Patients with abnormal thyroid function were retested at 20 weeks of gestation. The patients’ demographic data, electrolyte levels, thyroid function and their respective PUQE score were analyzed.

Results
The prevalence of transient hyperthyroidism in women with hyperemesis gravidarum was 4.8%. Although there was a significant association between the severity of the PUQE score and hypokalemia (p = 0.001), there was no significant association with transient hyperthyroidism in early pregnancy (p = 0.072). Free T4 and TSH values of all women with transient hyperthyroidism were normalized by 20 weeks of gestation.

Conclusion
Transient hyperthyroidism in pregnancy is not significantly associated with the severity of the PUQE score. Women with transient hyperthyroidism in pregnancy are normally clinically euthyroid, hence a routine thyroid function test is unnecessary unless they exhibit clinical signs or symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
Opinion Spam – Meinungsäußerungen als Fake
Authors: Siegel Melanie 
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Meinung der Kunden ist ein wichtiger Geschäftsfaktor geworden. Firmen wollen wissen, was Verbraucher von ihrem Produkt oder ihrer Dienstleistung halten. Sie versuchen daher, sich und ihre Produkte schnell an Kundenbedürfnisse anzupassen und die geäußerten Meinungen als Marketinginstrument einzusetzen. Mit der Zunahme der Relevanz der Kundenmeinungen steigt jedoch auch die Anzahl der Manipulationsversuche. Wir haben es hier mit einem gesellschaftlich und ökonomisch erheblichen Problem zu tun. Der Artikel stellt Forschungsansätze für die englische und chinesische Sprache vor und untersucht die Übertragbarkeit auf die deutsche Sprache. Als Ausgangspunkt für diese Untersuchung wird zunächst der Aufbau eines Korpus für gefälschte Bewertungen im deutschsprachigen Amazon-Portal umrissen. Erste Analysen dieses Korpus zeigen, dass die vorgestellten Forschungsansätze zum großen Teil auch auf die deutsche Sprache übertragbar sind.
Open Access zwischen Revolution und Goldesel
Authors: Herb Ulrich 
Published: March 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Erklärungen und Positionierungen zu Open Access anfangs der 2000er Jahre waren von Umbruchstimmung, Euphorie und Idealismus getragen, eine Revolution des wissenschaftlichen Publizierens wurde vielfach vorhergesagt. Die Erwartungen an Open Access lagen auf der Hand und waren umrissen: Wissenschaftlern war an rascher Verbreitung ihrer eigenen Texte gelegen sowie an der Verfügbarkeit der Texte ihrer Kollegen, Bibliothekaren an einer Abhilfe für stark steigende Journalpreise, den Wissenschaftseinrichtungen an effizienter und freier Verbreitung ihrer Inhalte. Einzig die Position der kommerziellen Wissenschaftsverlage zu Open Access war überwiegend zögerlich bis ablehnend. Der Artikel versucht sich 15 Jahre nach dem Treffen der Budapest Open Access Initiative 2001 an einer Bilanz zum Open Access. 2016 muss festgehalten werden, dass die von den maßgeblichen Open-Access-Advokaten früherer Tage erhoffte Revolution wohl ausbleiben wird. Vielmehr scheint aktuell die Entwicklung des Open Access weitgehend von den vormals in Open-Access-Szenarien kaum erwähnten kommerziellen Verlagen angetrieben. Zwar findet sich auch Open Access in wissenschaftlicher Selbstverwaltung, dennoch bleiben die Akteure im wissenschaftlichen Publizieren bislang die gleichen wie 2001 und die schon damals bekannten Konzentrationseffekte am Publikationsmarkt setzen sich fort.
A Novel Hybrid ABC-PSO Algorithm for Effort Estimation of Software Projects Using Agile Methodologies
Authors: Khuat Thanh Tung , Le My Hanh 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In modern software development processes, software effort estimation plays a crucial role. The success or failure of projects depends greatly on the accuracy of effort estimation and schedule results. Many studies focused on proposing novel models to enhance the accuracy of predicted results; however, the question of accurate estimation of effort has been a challenging issue with regards to researchers and practitioners, especially when it comes to projects using agile methodologies. This study aims at introducing a novel formula based on team velocity and story point factors. The parameters of this formula are then optimized by employing swarm optimization algorithms. We also propose an improved algorithm combining the advantages of the artificial bee colony and particle swarm optimization algorithms. The experimental results indicated that our approaches outperformed methods in other studies in terms of the accuracy of predicted results.
Anisotropic electrical, thermal and magnetic properties of Al13Ru4 decagonal quasicrystalline approximant
Authors: Wencka Magdalena , Vrtnik Stanislav , Koželj Primož , Jagličić Zvonko , Gille Peter , Dolinšek Janez 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present measurements of the anisotropic electrical and thermal transport coefficients (the electrical resistivity, the thermoelectric power, the thermal conductivity), the magnetization and the specific heat of the Al13Ru4 monoclinic approximant to the decagonal quasicrystal, in comparison to the isostructural Al13Fe4. The electrical and thermal transport parameters of Al13Ru4 were found to exhibit significant anisotropy, qualitatively similar to that found previously in the Al13Fe4 (P. Popčević, et al., Phys. Rev. B
2010, 81, 184203). The crystallographic b direction, corresponding to the stacking direction of the (a,c) atomic planes, is the most conducting direction for the electricity and heat. The thermopower is strongly anisotropic with a complicated temperature dependence, exhibiting maxima, minima, crossovers and sign change. The electronic density of states (DOS) at the Fermi energy is reduced to 35% of the DOS of Al metal. The magnetic susceptibility is diamagnetic and the diamagnetism is by a factor of 2 stronger for the magnetic field along the stacking b direction.
Piratería, deportación y repoblamiento. La Anatolia meridional en el marco de las guerras mitridáticas
Authors: Morales Isaías Arrayás 
Published: March 2017

Resumen
En este artículo, reflexionaremos sobre las políticas de deportación y de repoblamiento puestas en marcha en la Anatolia meridional en el marco del conflicto mitridático y que afectaron a comunidades enteras, muchas de ellas sospechosas de colaborar directa o indirectamente con los piratas. En concreto, evaluaremos el impacto de las deportaciones ordenadas por Tigranes II, rey de Armenia, con el propósito de organizar su nueva capital, Tigranocerta, así como de la ulterior política restauradora de Lúculo y, sobre todo, de Pompeyo, que decidió instalar en la región a buena parte de los piratas que había derrotado durante su exitosa campaña contra la piratería.