bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of peripheral cannula outcomes, ultrasound-guided placement of deep veins versus blind insertion of superficial veins in children aged 0–18 years: A retrospective study
Authors: Refosco Michela , Mazza Alessandro , Divisic Antuan , Binotto Diana , Zamberlan Sara , Schiavon Barbara , Prodomini Beatrice 
Published: September 2024

Background: The clinical use of ultrasound has increased the chances of successful insertion of all venous access devices, including short peripheral cannulas (SPC) and long peripheral catheters (LPC). The aim of the study was to compare the clinical performance of peripheral cannulas inserted using the traditional “blind” technique versus those inserted with ultrasound guidance (US). Methods: In this retrospective study we compared 135 peripheral intravenous cannulations (PIVCs) with ultrasound guidance and 135 PIVCs with blind technique, inserted in children (0–18 years) in the emergency department. All devices were inserted using the catheter-over-needle technique. With the blind technique, superficial arm veins were cannulated using SPCs (1.9 cm, 24G; 2.5 cm, 22G; 3.2 cm, 20G), while with US, deeper non-palpable veins were accessed using SPCs of 3.2 cm, 24G; and LPCs of 6.4 cm, 22G; 6.4 cm, 20G. Results: The accesses were removed electively in 66% of US-PIVCs, with an average duration of the device of 5.3 ± 4.0 days, but only in 30% of Blind-PIVCs, which presented an average duration of 2.5 ± 1.8 days. The longest dwelling time (8.7 ± 5.1 days) was observed in 20G LPCs inserted with US into the basilic vein of the arm; among Blind-PIVCs, the longest duration (3.0 ± 2.1 days) was observed in 22G SPCs inserted into the cephalic vein at the forearm. The most commonly encountered complication in both groups was accidental dislodgment. Conclusions: PIVCs with ultrasound guidance were apparently more effective than the blind ones, reducing the number of successive cannulations. Additionally, LPCs, with their greater length compared to SPCs, have proven to be more durable and may be recommended as emergency venous access in children requiring peripheral access for 4–15 days. Dislodgement should be reduced by improving the securement of the device.
Smoking and snus use among youth: A longitudinal analysis of risk factors and socioeconomic profile
Authors: Lund Ingeborg , Sæbø Gunnar 
Published: September 2024

Background: Norwegian youth smoking has, to a larger extent than snus use, been associated with lower socioeconomic strata, and research has pointed at ideas in the youth population about the popularity and normality of snus use that are not found for smoking. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and other risk factors with snus use and smoking among people in their late teens. Methods: Based on data from the longitudinal MyLife school survey, collected in five yearly waves between 2017 and 2021 ( N = 1830, age 16.8–20.6 years in 2021, 64% girls), logistic regressions were performed with monthly snus use and smoking as dependents, and parents’ education, psychological characteristics and earlier smoking or snus use as independent variables. Results: High socioeconomic status (parents’ education) was associated with less smoking and snus use also after controlling for psychological characteristics and earlier smoking and snus use. Higher age increased the risk of snus use and reduced the risk of smoking. Conclusions: Youth snus use and smoking are associated with lower socioeconomic background. This supports the idea that snus use may have lost some of its position as a mainstream activity among youth.
Axillary to Lateral Above Knee Popliteal Artery Bypass: An Alternative Approach to Lower Extremity Revascularization
Authors: Nguyen Trung , Tenewitz Paul , Shames Murry , Parikh Rajavi 
Published: September 2024

Objective Management of limb ischemia in the setting of malignancy with history of resection and/or radiation presents a unique challenge. Radiation arteritis contributing to limb ischemia may not respond to endovascular intervention. Furthermore, significant tissue scarring from extensive resection and/or radiation can increase the risk of complications with open intervention and limit revascularization options. Utilization of an axillary to popliteal artery bypass using a lateral approach to the popliteal artery has been described as a reasonable alternative in these challenging cases. Case Report The patient is a 68-year-old male with history of liposarcoma of the left groin, scrotum, and medial thigh for which he underwent multiple resections, flap reconstruction, and skin graft. He had a recurrence 2 years later and underwent repeat resection, placement of brachytherapy catheters, vertical rectus abdominal flap, and external beam radiation. He now presents with Rutherford 2B acute limb ischemia with associated left foot drop. Computed tomography angiography was performed and revealed an occluded left common femoral artery stent, proximal left superficial and deep femoral artery occlusion, and thrombosis of the left femoral vein. An attempt was made at endovascular recanalization without success. He subsequently underwent left axillary-to-lateral above knee popliteal artery bypass with a 6 mm ringed polytetrafluoroethylene graft, tibial thrombectomy, and 4 compartment fasciotomy. Results Post-operatively, his pain resolved. He continued to have left foot drop but recovered his ability to ambulate with a walker. He was ultimately discharged on post-operative day 11 to an inpatient rehabilitation facility on aspirin and apixaban. Conclusion Hostile groin secondary to infection, malignancy requiring resection/radiation presents a unique challenge for revascularization. When endovascular revascularization or obturator bypass are not feasible options, axillary-to-lateral above knee popliteal artery bypass is a described, feasible alternative approach to restore blood flow in this challenging patient population.
Study Protocol for a Focus Group Discussion About the Patients’ Perspective on Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Marsman M. S. , Koning G. G. , Jansen B. P. W. , Reijnen M. M. P. J. , Habibovic M. , Vriens P. W. H. E. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction The outcomes of carotid surgery are commonly evaluated using parameters such as mortality and stroke. The importance of these parameters is based on doctors’ and scientific perspectives. Presently, patient centered health care aims to value the evaluation from patients’ perspective, mostly using Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs). The true significance of outcomes of carotid surgery that matter most to the patients is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to identify and verify the patients’ perspective on carotid surgery for patients with a symptomatic and significant carotid stenosis. Methods and Outcomes An exploratory semi-structured focus group discussion will be used, as a quality research method. Three groups consisting of 8 patients ( n = 24), who underwent the carotid endarterectomy because of a significant and symptomatic stenosis of the internal carotid artery, will be enrolled. If data saturation is not reached, the sample size will be expanded. An expert medical psychologist will lead the focus group discussions. The interviews will be recorded, transcribed ‘verbatim’ and analyzed after each session. Items valuable to patients regarding their surgery and recovery will be discussed. This protocol will be published prior to the start of the Focus Group Discussion. Discussion Patients’ perspective on outcomes regarding their carotid surgery will be explored and tried to be identified. The results of the focus group discussions may fuel the ongoing global discussion on improving evidence based and patient reported outcome measures and will help the clinical physician to ‘understand’ their patients better. Focus group discussions may aid in the purpose of verification of PROs and PROMs.
Effect of preprocedure anxiety and oestrogen levels on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy for infertility: A prospective observational pilot study
Authors: Narayanan MR Vishnu , K Anjaleekrishna , Khanna Puneet , Ray Bikash Ranjan , Anand Rahul Kumar , Singh Akhil Kant , Malhotra Neena , Sharma K Aparna , Mahey Reeta , Singhal Seema , Maheshwari Ankita 
Published: September 2024

Background: Females undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological surgeries have a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Apart from the established risk factors, hormonal, psychological, genetic and ethnic factors may also contribute to postoperative nausea and vomiting. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between preoperative anxiety and serum oestrogen level with postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy – hysteroscopy for infertility. Methods: In total, 100 female patients, between the ages of 20-40 years, undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy – hysteroscopy for infertility were recruited for this study. Preoperative anxiety level was assessed using Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) Questionnaire. Serum oestrogen samples were taken before anaesthesia. Postoperative nausea and vomiting grading was rated with 0–3 Likert-type scale. An association of anxiety and oestrogen levels to postoperative nausea and vomiting was done. Results: The analysis between median DASS 21 scores to postoperative nausea and vomiting grading showed no association between DASS 21 scores and postoperative nausea and vomiting grades. Comparing the mean oestrogen levels in patients among each grade of postoperative nausea and vomiting showed no significant difference in the mean oestrogen levels. Conclusion: Our study did not find evidence of a significant association between serum oestrogen levels, preoperative anxiety, and postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Navigating Ankle Fracture Surgery in the Shadow of COVID-19
Authors: Chan Justin P. , Hoang Henry , Anderson Amanda , Hsu Andrew R. 
Published: September 2024

Background This case control study aimed to evaluate the impact of preoperative COVID-19 diagnosis on postoperative complications in patients undergoing ankle fracture surgery using the National COVID-19 Cohort Collaborative (N3C) database. The investigation focused on the interplay between COVID-19 diagnosis timing, patient characteristics, and clinical outcomes, particularly considering the potential mechanisms by which COVID-19 may contribute to increased complications. Methods This case control study included patients who underwent ankle fracture surgery using the N3C database. The cohort was divided into two groups: patients without COVID-19 diagnosis within 12 weeks of surgery (n = 16 806) and those with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis within 12 weeks of surgery (n = 369). Demographic factors were analyzed. Clinical outcomes encompassed deep vein thrombosis (DVT), sepsis, surgical site infection, bleeding, acute kidney injury, 30-day mortality, and 365-day mortality. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results The COVID-19–positive cohort displayed a slightly higher mean age (52.95 ± 18.43 vs 51.62 ± 18.36, P = .169) and body mass index (34.88 ± 9.99 vs 33.86 ± 8.80, P = .028) compared to the negative cohort. Although some outcomes, such as DVT and sepsis, demonstrated slightly higher frequencies in the COVID-19–positive group, these differences were not statistically significant. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for various COVID-19 diagnosis periods were generally not significant, except for a heightened risk of 30-day all-cause mortality associated with COVID-19 positivity within 0 to 2 weeks of surgery (AOR = 6.29, P = .003). Conclusions Preoperative COVID-19 diagnosis within 12 weeks did not exhibit a significant association with most postoperative complications. While this study did not unveil substantial COVID-19–related effects, acknowledging the broader context of the pandemic remains essential in guiding comprehensive patient care strategies. Level of Evidence: Level III
Why Do People Choose to Enroll or Not Enroll in the National Diabetes Prevention Program Lifestyle Change Program? A Mixed-Methods Analysis From a Sample of Adults With a Prediabetes Diagnosis
Authors: Kent-Marvick Jacqueline , Knysheva Marina , Gibson Bryan , Simonsen Sara E. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is effective; enrollment is low. Little research has examined factors driving individuals’ enrollment decisions. Methods: In our final survey of a randomized trial comparing methods to increase enrollment in the DPP, we asked participants about factors impacting enrollment. We conducted interviews with a subgroup. Results: Participants who completed the survey (n = 299) were primarily female (96 male); middle-aged (mean 52.9, SD = 14.7); white (86%); non-Hispanic (85%). Only 19% reported awareness of the DPP prior to the study. Cost, online availability, and behavior-change motivation were the most highly rated factors influencing enrollment. The median amount participants were willing to pay for the program was $66.50. Phone interviews included 17 individuals who were/were not interested in receiving a referral to the DPP. Those interested described risk awareness, family history, social support, and healthcare-provider influence as facilitating enrollment. Cost, time, travel, unsupportive family, incomplete knowledge about the program’s impact and low self-efficacy were barriers. Among those uninterested, some were already engaging in lifestyle change, and some didn’t see a benefit. Conclusions: Results suggest that, even among high-risk individuals, efforts to increase awareness and benefits of the DPP are needed, as are efforts to address cost of enrollment and low motivation. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov protocol ID: 00132307. The Effect of 360 Video and MAPS on Enrollment in the DPP. URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04746781?id=00132307&rank=1 .
Perceptions of Clinical Academics and People With Parkinson’s Disease on Delivery of Regional Interdisciplinary Model of Care: Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Sharrad Sue , Harmon Joanne 
Published: September 2024

Introduction/Objective: The objective of the study was to develop an understanding of the perceptions of people with Parkinson’s disease and clinical academics on the implementation of a regional interdisciplinary model of care. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was undertaken. A PD interdisciplinary clinic was conducted in an Australian regional location. As a novel variation, in this clinic, 4 clinical academics consulted simultaneously offering a long, 3-h appointment. Following the clinic, we conducted 2 focus groups with all clinical academics and 6 semi-structured interviews with people with PD and carers. Data were analyzed using Elo & Kyngäs’ inductive content analysis approach. Results: An overarching main category namely, “interdisciplinary care proved valuable to regional people with PD and clinical academics,” and 3 generic-categories including “identifying interdisciplinary care as a viable option in regional locations,” “current care provision is disempowering and burdensome,” and “regional residing people with PD and their carers seek locally accessible healthcare with PD skilled clinicians” were identified. Conclusion: Our findings suggest the implementation of interdisciplinary care to regional healthcare systems is valued by clinical academics and people with PD and carers. Further research is required to establish how interdisciplinary care can be implemented in regional Australia and its effects on practice changes, patient outcomes, and quality of life.
Lack of Fall Prevention Education in Patients Experiencing Fall-Related Hip Fracture: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hwang Wonjae , Oh Kyungrok , Kim Min Gyun , Kim Won Bin , Lee Hyun Seung , Chung Sun Gun , Beom Jaewon , Park Myung Woo , Kim Kyung Su , Kim Joonghee , Park Chul-Hyun , Kim Keewon 
Published: September 2024

Introduction We aimed to describe patient awareness regarding fall prevention and education, perceived causes of falls, and changes in attitude after experiencing a fall through interviews with older Korean patients who experienced falls with resultant hip fractures. Materials and Methods We conducted face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews with 11 patients who were admitted to Kangbuk Samsung Hospital for hip fractures caused by falls and were referred to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine for postsurgical rehabilitation between June 2022 and June 2023. The data were analyzed using the phenomenological method developed by Colaizzi. Results Before hip fracture, none of the patients had received fall prevention education or perceived its necessity; however, they recognized its necessity retrospectively. Participants described the causes of falls as carelessness, actions taken at the time of the fall, environmental factors, and decreased physical function. Most participants believed that falls could be prevented through personal caution and activity restrictions. Some mentioned fall prevention education, exercise, wearing appropriate shoes, environmental adjustments, and seeking assistance from others as methods of preventing future falls. Most patients reported adopting a safety-seeking attitude after experiencing hip fracture. Many patients had negative thoughts such as guilt or thoughts of death, whereas only a few reported increased interest in education and exercise. Conclusions We observed a lack of fall prevention education, misunderstanding regarding the cause of falls, and negative psychological changes after experiencing hip fractures due to falls in older Korean individuals. Recognizing and managing patient perceptions is crucial for effective fall prevention, requiring both healthcare provider awareness and active participation from patients and caregivers.
Dental Caries: The Way Forward
Authors: Kopycka-Kedzierawski D.T. , Fontana M. , Marazita M.L. , McLaren S.W. , Morou-Bermúdez E. , O’Connor T.G. , Van Wijngaarden E. , Xiao J. , Billings R.J. 
Published: September 2024

In April 2024, the University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health (EIOH) hosted an inaugural Cariology Conference entitled “Past, Present & Future of Cariology.” This inaugural conference focused primarily on early childhood caries (ECC). Invited talks covered multidisciplinary topics, including microbial pathways, perinatal approaches, genomics, social determinants, evidence-based care including epidemiology and therapeutics, and the groundbreaking role of teledentistry. To move forward, we concluded that integrative and innovative programs, including multifaceted and multimodal approaches in both perinatal and postnatal care, are essential, and an assertive drive toward evidence-based care models is occurring. With a “no child left behind” philosophy, impactful translational and epidemiological studies are needed to realize the promise of science that reduces and eliminates oral health disparities involving dental caries. Knowledge Transfer Statement: It is evident that some progress in reducing ECC prevalence in children has been made, but these improvements are not equally distributed. Systemic inequities in oral health among the youngest, most vulnerable children must be reduced.
Whole-genome sequencing of two multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from a neonatal intensive care unit in Egypt: a prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohamed Rania Alam Eldin , Moustafa Nouran Magdy , Mahmoud Fatma Mostafa , Elsaadawy Yara Said , Aziz Heba Sherif Abdel , Gaber Shaimaa Abou Bakr , Hussin Abdelrahman Mohamed , Seadawy Mohamed G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a life-threatening and challenging pathogen. In addition, it accounts for numerous serious infections, particularly among immunocompromised patients. Resistance to nearly all clinically used antibiotics and their ability to spread this resistance is one of the most important concerns related to this bacterium.

Objectives
This study describes different molecular mechanisms of two multidrug-resistant A. baumannii isolates obtained from endotracheal aspirates collected from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), Ain Shams University Hospital, Egypt.

Methods
Following the identification of two isolates, they were examined for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. This was followed by multilocus sequence typing as well as whole-genome sequence (WGS). Additionally, a Pathosystems Resources Integration Center (PATRIC) analysis was performed.

Results
Two isolates, Ab119 and Ab123, exhibited resistance to all tested antibiotics except for tigecycline and colistin. The WGS analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes (AMR) indicated that both isolates shared beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, macrolides, and sulfonamide resistance genes. Furthermore, each strain revealed different resistance genes such as blaNDM-1, blaNDM-10, OXA-64, aph (3')-VI, Tet-B in Ab119 strain and blaOXA-68, blaPER-1, blaPER-7, Tet-39 in Ab123 strain. Multiple efflux pump genes were detected. Multilocus sequence typing indicated that both isolates belong to the same sequence type (ST931), which belongs to international clone (IC3). Both isolates exhibited the presence of multiple mobile genetic elements (MGEs), but no plasmid was detected in either of them.

Conclusions
A low prevalence of the IC3 sequence type was identified among two A. baumannii isolates obtained from the NICU in Egypt, exhibiting a high resistance level. Healthcare workers must have knowledge regarding the prevalence of A. baumannii among different populations in order to administer suitable treatment, improve patient outcomes, and apply effective infection control practices.
Weight discrimination and body mass indexes as predictors of body esteem in members of the Bear subculture
Authors: Mijas Magdalena Ewa , Koziara Karolina , Galbarczyk Andrzej , Jasienska Grazyna 
Published: September 2024

Aim of the studyThe Bear subculture is a community of sexual minority men who are distinguished by their preference for muscular or large body build and pronounced body hair in men. Previous studies indicated that Bears experienced weight stigma within and outside the gay community. In this study we focused on body esteem in members of the Bear subculture and explored its associations with anthropological body mass indexes and experiences of weight discrimination.Subject or material and methodsThe study, which included questionnaires and anthropological measurements, involved 64 cisgender sexual minority men from the Polish Bear community. Analyses focused on predictors of body esteem measured with The Body-Esteem Scale, including body mass indexes (e.g., waist circumference) and self-reported exposure to weight discrimination.ResultsEvery three out of four study participants reported exposure to weight stigma in the past. Greater exposure to weight discrimination predicted lower ratings of Physical Attractiveness, Upper Body Strength and Physical Condition. Body mass indexes were significantly and negatively related only to Physical Condition factor.DiscussionOur study confirms previous observations of increased body mass indexes and exposure to weight stigma among Bears. Interestingly, weight discrimination but not body mass indexes consistently and negatively predicted self-assessed body esteem across its all dimensions.ConclusionsMen from the Bear community constitute a population that may be particularly vulnerable to health inequalities due to increased body mass and weight stigma exposure. Health promotion interventions targeting this population should be tailored to Bears’ subcultural norms, support healthier lifestyles and effective coping with stigma as opposed to focus on weight loss.