bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Coupled Model of Hydraulic Eco‐Physiology and Cambial Growth — Accounting for Biophysical Limitations and Phenology Improves Stem Diameter Prediction at High Temporal Resolution
Authors: Liu Che , Peltoniemi Mikko , Alekseychik Pavel , Mäkelä Annikki , Hölttä Teemu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTraditional photosynthesis‐driven growth models have considerable uncertainties in predicting tree growth under changing climates, partially because sink activities are directly affected by the environment but not adequately addressed in growth modelling. Therefore, we developed a semi‐mechanistic model coupling stomatal optimality, temperature control of enzymatic activities and phenology of cambial growth. Parameterized using Bayesian inference and measured data on Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris in peatland and mineral soils in Finland, the coupled model simulates transpiration and assimilation rates and stem radial dimension (SRD) simultaneously at 30 min resolution. The results suggest that both the sink and phenological formulations with environmental effects are indispensable for capturing SRD dynamics across hourly to seasonal scales. Simulated using the model, growth was more sensitive than assimilation to temperature and soil water, suggesting carbon gain is not driving growth at the current temporal scale. Also, leaf‐specific production was occasionally positively correlated with growth duration but not with growth onset timing or annual cambial area increment. Thus, as it is hardly explained by carbon gain, phenology itself should be included in sink‐driven growth models of the trees in the boreal zone and possibly other environments where sink activities and photosynthesis are both restrained by harsh conditions.
EU public values governing the twin transition
Authors: Niet Irene 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe European Union (EU) has voiced its support for a twin (digital and green) transition. However, in this transition, public values are (re)conceptualised and (re)shaped. Public values entail principles and norms determining rights and responsibilities for actors within a society and the governing bodies and are the foundation for future legislation. To understand the reshaping of public values in the EU twin transition, and whether the EU's current policy trend is sufficient to safeguard public values against the pressures of the twin transition, this research analyses what public values are at the core of the EU's twin transition in EU policy. The analysis of academic research in this article concerning the twin transition has identified 11 public values lying at the core of the twin transition. The examination of EU policy documents concerning twin transition developments reveals six public values embedded in legislation. Additional care should be taken to avoid the mixing of public values, as this risks pressures on public values going unnoticed.
Diffusion capacity and static hyperinflation as markers of disease progression predict 3‐year mortality in COPD: Results from COSYCONET
Authors: Pott Hendrik , Weckler Barbara , Gaffron Swetlana , Martin Roman , Maier Dieter , Alter Peter , Biertz Frank , Speicher Tim , Bertrams Wilhelm , Jung Anna Lena , Laakmann Katrin , Heider Dominik , Wouters Miel , Vogelmeier Claus F. , Schmeck Bernd ,   the COSYCONET Study Group
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibits diverse patterns of disease progression, due to underlying disease activity. We hypothesized that changes in static hyperinflation or KCO % predicted would reveal subgroups with disease progression unidentified by preestablished markers (FEV1, SGRQ, exacerbation history) and associated with unique baseline biomarker profiles. We explored 18‐month measures of disease progression associated with 18–54‐month mortality, including changes in hyperinflation parameters and transfer factor, in a large German COPD cohort.MethodsAnalysing data of 1364 patients from the German observational COSYCONET‐cohort, disease progression and improvement patterns were assessed for their impact on mortality via Cox hazard regression models. Association of biomarkers and COPD Assessment test items with phenotypes of disease progression or improvement were evaluated using logistic regression and random forest models.ResultsIncreased risk of 18–54‐month mortality was linked to decrease in KCO % predicted (7.5% increments) and FEV1 (20 mL increments), increase in RV/TLC (2% increments) and SGRQ (≥6 points), and an exacerbation grade of 2 at 18 months. Decrease in KCO % predicted ≥7.5% and an increase of RV/TLC ≥2% were the most frequent measures of 18‐month disease progression occurring in ~52% and ~46% of patients, respectively. IL‐6 and CRP thresholds exhibited significant associations with medium‐ and long‐term disease measures.ConclusionIn a multicentric cohort of COPD, new markers of current disease activity predicted mid‐term mortality and could not be anticipated by baseline biomarkers.image
Re‐examining the ancient roots of the concept of intellectual virtue
Authors: Kotsonis Alkis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractContemporary scholars working in virtue epistemology profess to take inspiration and build on the ancient Greek conception of intellectual virtues. In this paper, I show that, despite their claim, contemporary models of intellectual virtue differ in notable ways from the ancient Greek account of the concept. I pinpoint two major differences between the ancient Greek conception of intellectual virtues and the contemporary understandings of the term. These amount to (a) what the term of intellectual virtues includes and (b) the location of the value of intellectual virtues. I argue that re‐examining the philosophical history of the concept of intellectual virtue can have significant positive implications for contemporary virtue epistemology. Indicatively, I show that it could lead to the development of theories that maintain that intellectual excellences are conducive to leading a good life because their activity is constitutive of the human good—instead of locating their value, as contemporary virtue epistemologists currently do, in the epistemic goods that they enable the agent to acquire and/or in the agent's epistemic motivations.
Border‐like cell formation mediated by SgPG1 confers aluminum resistance in Stylosanthes guianensis
Authors: Lin Yan , Liu Guoxuan , Liu Pandao , Chen Qianqian , Guo Xueqiong , Lu Xing , Cai Zefei , Sun Lili , Liu Jiping , Chen Kang , Liu Guodao , Tian Jiang , Liang Cuiyue 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYStylosanthes is an important forage legume in tropical areas with strong resistance to aluminum (Al) toxicity, though knowledge of mechanisms underlying this resistance remains fragmentary. We found that border‐like cells (BLCs) were constitutively produced surrounding the root tips of all 54 examined Stylosanthes guianensis genotypes, but not the Stylosanthes viscose genotype TF0140. In genotypic comparisons under Al conditions, the S. guianensis genotype RY#2 retained significantly more Al in BLCs and thereby showed higher relative root growth than TF0140. Formation of BLCs accompanied changes in cell wall pectin epitopes and differential expression of genes involved in pectin metabolism, including a polygalacturonase (SgPG1). The expression pattern of SgPG1 was consistent with the formation of BLCs in both RY#2 and TF0140. SgPG1 was localized in cell walls and exhibited high activities mediating demethyl‐esterified homogalacturonan degradation. Overexpressing SgPG1 changed cell wall pectin epitopes, enhanced BLCs production, and Al resistance in both Arabidopsis and Stylosanthes hairy roots. Furthermore, combining protein‐DNA binding assays in vitro and in vivo, a bHLH transcription factor SgbHLH19 was demonstrated to be the upstream regulator of SgPG1. Our study demonstrates that S. guianensis Al resistance mainly relies on BLCs, whose formation involves cell wall pectin epitope modification by SgPG1.
Comparison of nonarchimedean and logarithmic mirror constructions via the Frobenius structure theorem
Authors: Johnston Samuel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFor a log Calabi Yau pair () with smooth affine, satisfying either a maximal degeneracy assumption or contains a Zariski dense torus, we prove under the condition that D is the support of a nef divisor that the structure constants defining a trace form on the mirror algebra constructed by Gross–Siebert are given by the naive curve counts defined by Keel–Yu. As a corollary, we deduce that the equality of the mirror algebras constructed by Gross–Siebert and Keel–Yu in the case contains a Zariski dense torus. In addition, we use this result to prove a mirror conjecture proposed by Mandel for Fano pairs satisfying the maximal degeneracy assumption.
On the power of quantum entanglement in multipartite quantum XOR games
Authors: Junge Marius , Palazuelos Carlos 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe show that, given , there exist ‐player quantum XOR games for which the entangled bias can be arbitrarily larger than the bias of the game when the players are restricted to separable strategies. In particular, quantum entanglement can be a much more powerful resource than local operations and classical communication to play these games. This result shows a strong contrast to the bipartite case, where it was recently proved that, as a consequence of a noncommutative version of Grothendieck theorem, the entangled bias is always upper bounded by a universal constant times the one‐way classical communication bias. In this sense, our main result can be understood as a counterexample to an extension of such a noncommutative Grothendieck theorem to multilinear forms.
Autonomic control of the pulmonary circulation: Implications for pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Plunkett Michael J. , Paton Julian F. R. , Fisher James P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe autonomic regulation of the pulmonary vasculature has been under‐appreciated despite the presence of sympathetic and parasympathetic neural innervation and adrenergic and cholinergic receptors on pulmonary vessels. Recent clinical trials targeting this innervation have demonstrated promising effects in pulmonary hypertension, and in this context of reignited interest, we review autonomic pulmonary vascular regulation, its integration with other pulmonary vascular regulatory mechanisms, systemic homeostatic reflexes and their clinical relevance in pulmonary hypertension. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems can affect pulmonary vascular tone and pulmonary vascular stiffness. Local afferents in the pulmonary vasculature are activated by elevations in pressure and distension and lead to distinct pulmonary baroreflex responses, including pulmonary vasoconstriction, increased sympathetic outflow, systemic vasoconstriction and increased respiratory drive. Autonomic pulmonary vascular control interacts with, and potentially makes a functional contribution to, systemic homeostatic reflexes, such as the arterial baroreflex. New experimental therapeutic applications, including pulmonary artery denervation, pharmacological cholinergic potentiation, vagal nerve stimulation and carotid baroreflex stimulation, have shown some promise in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
Experimental Validation of a State Decoupling Method Applied to a Dual Cylinder Electro-Hydraulic Variable-Speed Drive Network
Authors: Schmidt Lasse , Vorbøl Hansen Kenneth , Videbæk Barbara , van Binsbergen-Galán Mikkel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Electro-hydraulic variable-speed drive networks may provide for efficient operation of hydraulic actuators, and allow for reduced power installations in many applications compared to single cylinder electro-hydraulic drive systems. The main reason is attributed the electro-hydraulic power sharing capability enabled by potential hydraulic connections between various chambers, the shared electric power supply and flow control by four quadrant variable-speed pump/motor units. These features cause the cylinder chamber flows, and consequently the chamber pressures, of electro-hydraulic variable-speed drive networks to be highly coupled, preventing the direct application of conventional single axis control methods. Hence, a main challenge in enabling electro-hydraulic variable-speed drive network technology is the control at drive level, and previously published results have implied that state decoupling may be realized and applied successfully, at least from a theoretical point of view. This paper presents an experimental validation of a state decoupling method combined with simple proportional controllers, applied to a dual cylinder electro-hydraulic variable-speed drive network. In this validation, the two cylinders are controlled to follow sinusoidal position trajectories with varying phase shift, while concurrently controlling the lower system pressure in the vicinity of desired level. Results demonstrate appropriate control performance for all load cases investigated, emphasizing the performance potential and feasibility of electro-hydraulic variable-speed drive network technology.
Effect of Damping Force on Hysteresis Characteristics of Poppet Valves
Authors: Masuda Seiei , Shimizu Fumio , Fuchiwaki Masaki , Tanaka Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To clarify the relationship between hysteresis characteristics and flow patterns, the flow patterns of a prototype poppet valve were systematically organized using CFD (Computer Fluid Dynamics) software. Hysteresis characteristics of the poppet valve can be reproduced by a combination of CFD analysis and one-dimensional equations of motion (second-order equations of motion of the spring-Mass system and compressibility of the pressure controlled by the valve orifice), which are caused by the reversal of the polarity of the flow force generated by the transition in the flow pattern. On the other hand, the damping force generated by the damping orifice is relatively large, similar to the flow force, and varies significantly with the amplitude of the flow. In general, the damping orifice has a very large influence on the stability and responsiveness of pressure control valves that use poppet valves to set the control pressure by the set load of the spring and control it to a constant pressure. In addition, it is effective to increase the damping ratio of the system to stabilize the system. However, in the hysteresis in the flow characteristic with respect to the control pressure, it was confirmed that the change in damping force has little effect on the phenomenon of sudden flow fluctuation at the same pressure level on the hysteresis curve, and that the effect of the transition in the flow pattern is dominant. The results for the flow coefficient and cavitation obtained at the same time are also presented.
Preliminary Design and Modelling of a Hydrogen-Powered Aircraft Fuel System
Authors: Sciatti Francesco , Di Domenico Vincenzo , Zagaria Lazzaro , Adeyemi Dami , Tamburrano Paolo , Plummer Andrew R. , Sell Nathan , Distaso Elia , Amirante Riccardo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Addressing the pressing challenge of reducing carbon emissions necessitates the development of aircraft powered by renewable energy sources. Among potential solutions, transitioning from kerosene to hydrogen combustion is a promising strategy for sustainable aviation in a future where ‘green hydrogen’ is readily available. An aircraft’s fuel system manages fuel storage, transfer, and distribution throughout all flight phases, and meters fuel to the engines to control their thrust and speed. Conventional gas turbine aircraft fuel system components have been optimised to be lightweight, compact, and capable of working with liquid fuels (i.e. kerosene-based fuels). Among them, each engine’s fuel metering unit (FMU) includes a fuel metering servovalve, bypass valve, actuator valve, pressurizing valve, and shut-off valve, and is required to accurately control the fuel flow delivered to the engine and adjust the angle of the compressor inlet guide vanes. Hydrogen aircraft fuel systems might follow a similar architecture, with hydrogen stored on-board as a liquid (LH2) at low temperature. However, controlling the flow of liquid hydrogen poses challenges, especially in maintaining cryogenic conditions in the supply line. This constraint can be relieved by vaporizing the LH2 upstream of the metering system using heat exchangers. Consequently, it is necessary to adapt the system components to handle gaseous hydrogen (GH2). In this context, this paper provides a preliminary investigation into modelling a potential architecture and the main components of future hydrogen aircraft fuel systems, building upon a previous comprehensive Simulink model of a conventional aircraft fuel system. Firstly, the layout of the conventional aircraft fuel system is presented. Then, the necessary system changes are proposed to obtain a potential architecture of a future aircraft fuel system. Finally, a detailed model of the novel architecture is given, and results under specific operating conditions are shown and discussed.
The effectiveness of optic nerve sheath diameter in predicting large vessel occlusion in ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Çömez Vecdi Vahdet , Yadigaroğlu Metin , Doğan Hasan , Ocak Metin , Güzel Murat , Akpınar Çetin Kürşad , Yücel Murat 
Published: October 2024

Aim: This study assessed the effectiveness of ultrasonography-measured optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in predicting large vessel occlusion (LVO) in ischemic stroke patients.Materials and methods: This single-center, prospective observational study involved patients presenting to the emergency department within 24 hours of symptom onset with moderate to severe stroke, and healthy volunteers.Results: The study included 133 ischemic stroke patients and 63 healthy volunteers. The patient group had significantly higher right [5.8 (0.9)] and left [5.9 (0.8)] ONSD values compared to controls (right [5.7 (0.6)], left [5.7 (0.8)], p<0.001 for both). LVO was present in 58.6% (n = 78) of patients. Median right ONSD was 6.1 mm (0.8) in LVO patients vs. 5.7 mm (0.65) in non-LVO patients (p=0.002). Median left ONSD was 5.9 mm (0.9) in LVO patients vs. 5.7 mm (0.7) in non-LVO patients (p=0.002). A right ONSD ≥6 mm had 51.28% sensitivity and 78.18% specificity for LVO. A left ONSD ≥5.5 mm had 83.33% sensitivity and 40% specificity for LVO.Conclusion: Elevated ONSD values measured by ultrasonography can effectively indicate LVO in stroke patients.
Timing and evolution of structures within the southeastern Greater Caucasus and Kura Fold-Thrust Belt from multiproxy sediment provenance records
Authors: Forte Adam M. , Cowgill Eric S. , Sumner Dawn Y. , Garello Dominique I. , Niemi Nathan A. , Fowler K. Colton 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Greater Caucasus (GC) mountains are the locus of post-Pliocene shortening within the northcentral Arabia-Eurasia collision. Although recent low-temperature thermochronology constrains the timing of orogen formation, the evolution of major structures remains enigmatic—particularly regarding the internal kinematics within this young orogen and the associated Kura Fold-Thrust Belt (KFTB), which flanks its southeastern margin. Here we use a multiproxy provenance analysis to investigate the tectonic history of both the southeastern GC and KFTB by presenting new data from a suite of sandstone samples from the KFTB, including sandstone petrography, whole-rock geochemistry, and detrital zircon (DZ) U-Pb geochronology. To define source terranes for these sediments, we integrate additional new whole-rock geochemical analyses with published DZ results and geological mapping. Our analysis reveals an apparent discrepancy in up-section changes in provenance from the different methods. Sandstone petrography and geochemistry both indicate a systematic up-section evolution from a volcanic and/or volcani-clastic source, presently exposed as a thin strip along the southeastern GC, to what appears similar to an interior GC source. Contrastingly, DZ geochronology suggests less up-section change. We interpret this apparent discrepancy to reflect the onset of sediment recycling within the KFTB, with the exhumation, weathering, and erosion of early thrust sheets in the KFTB resulting in the selective weathering of unstable mineral species that define the volcaniclastic source but left DZ signatures unmodified. Using the timing of sediment recycling and changes in grain size together as proxies for structural initiation of the central KFTB implies that the thrust belt initiated nearly synchronously along strike at ~2.0–2.2 Ma.
Social media users’ perspectives of spinal cord stimulation: an analysis of data sourced from social media
Authors: Hallo-Carrasco Alejandro , Furtado Pessoa de Mendonca Laura , Provenzano David Anthony , Eldrige Jason , Mendoza-Chipantasi Dario , Encalada Sebastian , Hunt Christine 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesTo identify Reddit users’ viewpoints and inquiries about spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for chronic back pain using Reddit databases.MethodsWe performed a qualitative analysis of public, anonymous threads and comments from targeted subreddits within the Reddit community. We used the Python Reddit API Wrapper to extract relevant data. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, using natural language processing to identify and categorize common questions, concerns, and opinions shared by patients regarding SCS.ResultsOur analysis included 112 posts and 448 comments. The tone of comments was neutral (n=231), followed by negative (n=121) and positive (n=96). 13 users actively encouraged other users to try the procedure, while 25 advised against it. The main topics of discussions revolved around pain relief expectations and adverse events. Almost half of users commenting about pain relief expectations reported experiencing considerably lower improvement than anticipated. Pocket pain, lead fracture/migration, infection risk, and scars were common topics of discussion among users. Furthermore, users shared strategies to mitigate postoperative discomfort and offered insights into device selection based on MRI conditionality, reprogramming need, and charging prerequisites.ConclusionOur Reddit analysis identified potential targets for enhanced dialog between physicians and patients around anticipated pain relief, complications, and postoperative care. Reddit and other social media platforms may offer valuable opportunities for healthcare professionals to improve engagement with patients.
Multidecadal trends in brown trout populations in France reveal a decline in adult abundance concomitant with environmental changes
Authors: Tissot Laurence , Gouraud Véronique , Poulet Nicolas , Capra Hervé , Cattanéo Franck , Maire Anthony 
Published: October 2024

Most studies of brown trout ( Salmo trutta) populations in headwater streams have focused on the year-to-year variability in recruitment and survival, but only few analyzed long-term trends in trout densities, under both control and regulated flow conditions. Here, we conducted trend analyses of brown trout age class densities on 36 stream reaches over the 1990–2020 period, including reaches located in a bypassed section. We also investigated long-term trends in a panel of key environmental variables (water temperature, stream flow, current velocity, and habitat suitability). We found that annual water temperatures significantly increased by a median of +0.21 °C per decade. Analyses of stream flow revealed only a few significant trends, including a general increase in median values in spring and a general decrease in fall. A significant general decline in adult trout densities was observed, although disparities between geographic areas were highlighted. This decline is likely due to multifactorial effects, including possible interacting factors. Our results highlight the need to maintain and extend long-term monitoring of trout populations, which should be combined with extensive environmental monitoring.