bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les violences basées sur l’honneur au Canada et au Québec
Authors: Jimenez1 Estibaliz , Cousineau Marie-Marthe , Tanguay Ève-Marie , Arcand Joelle 
Published: November 2017

Les violences basées sur l’honneur (VBH) incarnent une problématique peu visible, mal comprise et encore taboue. De plus, elles sont difficiles à aborder de peur de stigmatiser au passage certaines communautés issues de l’immigration. L’absence de consensus sur la définition ainsi que sur la terminologie à utiliser pour décrire la problématique soulève des questionnements sur la prévention et l’intervention en situation de VBH. En effet, dans ce contexte, les enjeux entourant l’intervention se complexifient non seulement pour identifier et soutenir les victimes, mais également pour dénoncer les agresseurs lorsqu’il s’agit de membres de la famille. L’« affaire Shafia », largement médiatisée, a particulièrement ébranlé les sociétés québécoise et canadienne et a déclenché une prise de conscience collective sur les mesures à mettre en place afin de prévenir les situations de VBH et de protéger les victimes de tels actes. Dans les années suivant l’affaire Shafia, des lois ont été adoptées autant au fédéral qu’au provincial afin de protéger les victimes des VBH. Il est encore trop tôt pour évaluer leur efficacité, mais déjà on peut constater que si, a priori, ces mesures législatives sont accueillies favorablement, elles méritent qu’on les examine ne serait-ce que pour envisager les effets, plus ou moins souhaités, qu’elles risquent d’entraîner.
Les femmes victimes de violence conjugale à la marge du système pénal : l’engagement 810 du Code criminel
Authors: Bungardean1 Adriana , Wemmers Jo-Anne 
Published: November 2017

L’engagement 810 du Code criminel est une mesure couramment utilisée comme aboutissement du processus judiciaire dans les cas de violence conjugale. Au cours des dernières années, nous avons observé une augmentation du nombre d’engagements émis dans ces cas. À la fois mesure judiciaire et extrajudiciaire, le « 810 » est une mesure préventive et non punitive, ainsi elle n’occasionne pas de casier judiciaire pour le défendeur. Malgré son utilisation fréquente, peu d’études se sont penchées à savoir si l’engagement 810 est une mesure appréciée par les victimes et si on a répondu à leur besoin de sécurité. Nous examinons le contexte dans lequel l’engagement est appliqué pour les causes pénales en violence conjugale et les raisons que les femmes victimes évoquent pour avoir accepté ledit engagement. Nos résultats montrent que l’utilisation de l’engagement 810 dans les poursuites en violence conjugale contribue à maintenir les femmes victimes de violence conjugale à la marge de la justice.
Whitelists as blacklists: The use of external lists when evaluating scientific journals
Authors: Lavik Gry Ane 
Published: November 2017

Watch the VIDEO here.NSD – Norwegian Centre for Research Data operates the Norwegian Register for Scientific Journals, Series and Publishers on behalf of the University and Higher Education Council. The publishing arena for researchers is changing. Yet every researcher is responsible for publishing in channels that are serious and have a professional impact. At NSD we experience that there is a need for advice about where to publish and about how to recognize quality in new international publication channels. Much of the need for advice stems from the increase of new open access channels and the pressure towards publishing in these channels.The somewhat notorious Beall’s list closed down last year. All though controversial, this list was a useful tool to become aware of channels to check more closely. It also provided a useful checklist to use when evaluating OA-channels. So what to do with no such blacklist operating?* At the Norwegian register, we have come to believe that multiple whitelists can work in much the same way or even better than a blacklist. A simple explanation for this is that if a journal is not featuring on any whitelist, this says something about the quality of the journal in much the same way a blacklist does by including it. But there are fallacies and problems to be aware of when using this approach.The aim of this presentation is to problematize advantages and disadvantages connected to the use of whitelists as a form of quality control. To this end a description of how whitelists are used when evaluating channels for inclusion in the Norwegian register will form the basis for the presentation. The term “whitelist” is here used in broad sense, denoting a list that only includes journals after making some sort of positive judgement about the quality of the journal while leaving out journals considered of poor quality. The Norwegian register has recently entered a Nordic collaboration which gives access to compare with the Finnish and the Danish national lists of authorized research publication channels. A closer collaboration with Directory of Open Access Journals - DOAJ was also formally in place earlier this year. A description of the Nordic list project and some thoughts on the expected outcome of the collaboration will be part of the presentation.
Temporal and spatial variation of temperature in a winter habitat of the gray whale: Ojo de Liebre lagoon
Authors: Álvarez-Borrego S , Granados-Guzmán A 
Published: November 2017

We generated continuous temperature time series records, with in situ analogue recording thermographs, for three locations, at 6-g m depth, in the channels of Laguna Ojo de Liebre, Baja California Sur, during the period January 1985 to March 1986. The annual range in the lagoon was 13.5-26% We did not detect clear horizontal temperature gradients in the
channels, from location to location. However, during August and September the temperature increased from the mouth towards the interior, with -2ºC more in the internal extreme. Most temperature variance was in three period bands: variance of short period (with up to 2ºC of amplitude) mainly due to tidal currents and to the horizontal temperature gradients between the channels and the shallow areas of the lagoon; variance of intermediate period (one or two weeks, with up to 4ºC of amplitude) due, among other factors, to the sequence of upwelling events; and variance of long period (up to 12ºC) due to the seasonal sequence of solar irradiance and atmospheric temperature. Upwelling intensification events decrease the temperature of the lagoon by as much as 4ºC, and cause high organic fertility in it. During the stay period of the gray whale in Ojo de Liebre (end of November-March) the TºC range was from 13.5ºC to 19ºC.
Tumor‐adjacent tissue co‐expression profile analysis reveals pro‐oncogenic ribosomal gene signature for prognosis of resectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Grinchuk Oleg V. , Yenamandra Surya P. , Iyer Ramakrishnan , Singh Malay , Lee Hwee Kuan , Lim Kiat Hon , Chow Pierce Kah‐Hoe , Kuznetsov Vladamir A. 
Published: November 2017

Currently, molecular markers are not used when determining the prognosis and treatment strategy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we proposed that the identification of common pro‐oncogenic pathways in primary tumors (PT) and adjacent non‐malignant tissues (AT) typically used to predict HCC patient risks may result in HCC biomarker discovery. We examined the genome‐wide mRNA expression profiles of paired PT and AT samples from 321 HCC patients. The workflow integrated differentially expressed gene selection, gene ontology enrichment, computational classification, survival predictions, image analysis and experimental validation methods. We developed a 24‐ribosomal gene‐based HCC classifier (RGC), which is prognostically significant in both PT and AT. The RGC gene overexpression in PT was associated with a poor prognosis in the training (hazard ratio = 8.2, P = 9.4 × 10−6) and cross‐cohort validation (hazard ratio = 2.63, P = 0.004) datasets. The multivariate survival analysis demonstrated the significant and independent prognostic value of the RGC. The RGC displayed a significant prognostic value in AT of the training (hazard ratio = 5.0, P = 0.03) and cross‐validation (hazard ratio = 1.9, P = 0.03) HCC groups, confirming the accuracy and robustness of the RGC. Our experimental and bioinformatics analyses suggested a key role for c‐MYC in the pro‐oncogenic pattern of ribosomal biogenesis co‐regulation in PT and AT. Microarray, quantitative RT‐PCR and quantitative immunohistochemical studies of the PT showed that DKK1 in PT is the perspective biomarker for poor HCC outcomes. The common co‐transcriptional pattern of ribosome biogenesis genes in PT and AT from HCC patients suggests a new scalable prognostic system, as supported by the model of tumor‐like metabolic redirection/assimilation in non‐malignant AT. The RGC, comprising 24 ribosomal genes, is introduced as a robust and reproducible prognostic model for stratifying HCC patient risks. The adjacent non‐malignant liver tissue alone, or in combination with HCC tissue biopsy, could be an important target for developing predictive and monitoring strategies, as well as evidence‐based therapeutic interventions, that aim to reduce the risk of post‐surgery relapse in HCC patients.
Initiation of Channel Head Bifurcation by Overland Flow
Authors: Pornprommin Adichai , Izumi Norihiro , Parker Gary 
Published: November 2017

Channel head bifurcation is a key factor for generating complexity of channel networks. Here we investigate incipient channel head bifurcation using linear stability analysis. Channel heads are simplified as circular hollows, toward which surface sheet flow accelerates in the radial direction. Sinusoidal perturbations in the angular direction with different angular wave numbers k are imposed on the bed, and their growth rates
are computed. Because the channel head radius
is extending over time, the base state (circular hollow in the absence of perturbations) also evolves continuously. With the use of the momentary stability concept, the evolving base state is defined as momentarily unstable to the imposed perturbation if the disturbance is growing faster than the evolution of the base state. It was found that in the range of sufficiently small
, bifurcation cannot be initiated. As
increases, bifurcation starts to be possible with k≈ 3–5. A higher k implies bifurcation with a narrower channel junction angle (θ = 2π/k). The average junction angle of the Colorado High Plains for the smallest drainage area is about 85° with a standard deviation of 35° (Sólyom and Tucker, 2007). Our predicted angles (75°–120°) agree qualitatively with the observed angles. Finally, we propose a simple criterion to compute the threshold
for the onset of bifurcation.
Dry Deposition of Reactive Nitrogen From Satellite Observations of Ammonia and Nitrogen Dioxide Over North America
Authors: Kharol S. K. , Shephard M. W. , McLinden C. A. , Zhang L. , Sioris C. E. , O'Brien J. M. , Vet R. , Cady‐Pereira K. E. , Hare E. , Siemons J. , Krotkov N. A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractReactive nitrogen (Nr) is an essential nutrient to plants and a limiting element for growth in many ecosystems, but it can have harmful effects on ecosystems when in excess. Satellite‐derived surface observations are used together with a dry deposition model to estimate the dry deposition flux of the most abundant short‐lived nitrogen species, NH3 and NO2, over North America during the 2013 warm season. These fluxes demonstrate that the NH3 contribution dominates over NO2 for most regions (comprising ~85% of their sum in Canada and ~65% in the U.S.), with some regional exceptions (e.g. Alberta and northeastern U.S.). Nationwide, ~1.35 Tg of N from these species were dry deposited in the contiguous U.S., more than double the ~0.61 Tg in Canada (excluding territories) over this period. Forest fires are shown to be the major contributor of dry deposition of Nr from NH3 in northern latitudes, leading to deposition fluxes 2–3 times greater than from expected amounts without fires.
Automated Identification and Shape Analysis of Chorus Elements in the Van Allen Radiation Belts
Authors: Sen Gupta Ananya , Kletzing Craig , Howk Robin , Kurth William , Matheny Morgan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn important goal of the Van Allen Probes mission is to understand wave‐particle interaction by chorus emissions in terrestrial Van Allen radiation belts. To test models, statistical characterization of chorus properties, such as amplitude variation and sweep rates, is an important scientific goal. The Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) instrumentation suite provides measurements of wave electric and magnetic fields as well as DC magnetic fields for the Van Allen Probes mission. However, manual inspection across terabytes of EMFISIS data is not feasible and as such introduces human confirmation bias. We present signal processing techniques for automated identification, shape analysis, and sweep rate characterization of high‐amplitude whistler‐mode chorus elements in the Van Allen radiation belts. Specifically, we develop signal processing techniques based on the radon transform that disambiguate chorus elements with a dominant sweep rate against hiss‐like chorus. We present representative results validating our techniques and also provide statistical characterization of detected chorus elements across a case study of a 6 s epoch.
Electron Cooling and Isotropization during Magnetotail Current Sheet Thinning: Implications for Parallel Electric Fields
Authors: Lu San , Artemyev A. V. , Angelopoulos V. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMagnetotail current sheet thinning is a distinctive feature of substorm growth phase, during which magnetic energy is stored in the magnetospheric lobes. Investigation of charged particle dynamics in such thinning current sheets is believed to be important for understanding the substorm energy storage and the current sheet destabilization responsible for substorm expansion phase onset. We use Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) B and C observations in 2008 and 2009 at ~18 − 25 RE to show that during magnetotail current sheet thinning, the electron temperature decreases (cooling), and the parallel temperature decreases faster than the perpendicular temperature, leading to a decrease of the initially strong electron temperature anisotropy (isotropization). This isotropization cannot be explained by pure adiabatic cooling or by pitch angle scattering. We use test particle simulations to explore the mechanism responsible for the cooling and isotropization. We find that during the thinning, a fast decrease of a parallel electric field (directed toward the Earth) can speed up the electron parallel cooling, causing it to exceed the rate of perpendicular cooling, and thus lead to isotropization, consistent with observation. If the parallel electric field is too small or does not change fast enough, the electron parallel cooling is slower than the perpendicular cooling, so the parallel electron anisotropy grows, contrary to observation. The same isotropization can also be accomplished by an increasing parallel electric field directed toward the equatorial plane. Our study reveals the existence of a large‐scale parallel electric field, which plays an important role in magnetotail particle dynamics during the current sheet thinning process.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Multiscale Field‐Aligned Currents: Characteristics, Controlling Parameters, and Relationships
Authors: McGranaghan Ryan M. , Mannucci Anthony J. , Forsyth Colin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe explore the characteristics, controlling parameters, and relationships of multiscale field‐aligned currents (FACs) using a rigorous, comprehensive, and cross‐platform analysis. Our unique approach combines FAC data from the Swarm satellites and the Advanced Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) to create a database of small‐scale (∼10–150 km, <1° latitudinal width), mesoscale (∼150–250 km, 1–2° latitudinal width), and large‐scale (>250 km) FACs. We examine these data for the repeatable behavior of FACs across scales (i.e., the characteristics), the dependence on the interplanetary magnetic field orientation, and the degree to which each scale “departs” from nominal large‐scale specification. We retrieve new information by utilizing magnetic latitude and local time dependence, correlation analyses, and quantification of the departure of smaller from larger scales. We find that (1) FACs characteristics and dependence on controlling parameters do not map between scales in a straight forward manner, (2) relationships between FAC scales exhibit local time dependence, and (3) the dayside high‐latitude region is characterized by remarkably distinct FAC behavior when analyzed at different scales, and the locations of distinction correspond to “anomalous” ionosphere‐thermosphere behavior. Comparing with nominal large‐scale FACs, we find that differences are characterized by a horseshoe shape, maximizing across dayside local times, and that difference magnitudes increase when smaller‐scale observed FACs are considered. We suggest that both new physics and increased resolution of models are required to address the multiscale complexities. We include a summary table of our findings to provide a quick reference for differences between multiscale FACs.
Resolving the Detailed Spatiotemporal Slip Evolution of Deep Tremor in Western Japan
Authors: Ohta Kazuaki , Ide Satoshi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe study the detailed spatiotemporal behavior of deep tremor in western Japan through the development and application of a new slip inversion method. Although many studies now recognize tremor as shear slip along the plate interface manifested in low‐frequency earthquake (LFE) swarms, a conventional slip inversion analysis is not available for tremor due to insufficient knowledge of source locations and Green's functions. Here we introduce synthetic template waveforms, which are typical tremor waveforms obtained by stacking LFE seismograms at arranged points along the plate interface. Using these synthetic template waveforms as substitutes for Green's functions, we invert the continuous tremor waveforms using an iterative deconvolution approach with Bayesian constraints. We apply this method to two tremor burst episodes in western and central Shikoku, Japan. The estimated slip distribution from a 12 day tremor burst episode in western Shikoku is heterogeneous, with several patchy areas of slip along the plate interface where rapid moment releases with durations of <100 s regularly occur. We attribute these heterogeneous spatiotemporal slip patterns to heterogeneous material properties along the plate interface. For central Shikoku, where we focus on a tremor burst episode that occurred coincidentally with a very low frequency earthquake (VLF), we observe that the source size of the VLF is much larger than that estimated from tremor activity in western Shikoku. These differences in the size of the slip region may dictate the visibility of VLF signals in observed seismograms, which has implications for the mechanics of slow earthquakes and subduction zone processes.
In‐Flight Observation of Gamma Ray Glows by ILDAS
Authors: Kochkin Pavlo , van Deursen A. P. J. , Marisaldi M. , Ursi A. , de Boer A. I. , Bardet M. , Allasia C. , Boissin J.‐F. , Flourens F. , Østgaard N. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn Airbus A340 aircraft flew over Northern Australia with the In‐Flight Lightning Damage Assessment System (ILDAS) installed onboard. A long‐duration gamma ray emission was detected. The most intense emission was observed at 12 km altitude and lasted for 20 s. Its intensity was 20 times the background counts, and it was abruptly terminated by a distant lightning flash. In this work we reconstruct the aircraft path and event timeline. The glow‐terminating flash triggered a discharge from the aircraft wing that was recorded by a video camera operating onboard. Another count rate increase was observed 6 min later and lasted for 30 s. The lightning activity as reported by ground networks in this region was analyzed. The measured spectra characteristics of the emission were estimated.
Sensitivity of Historical Simulation of the Permafrost to Different Atmospheric Forcing Data Sets from 1979 to 2009
Authors: Guo Donglin , Wang Huijun , Wang Aihui 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNumerical simulation is of great importance to the investigation of changes in frozen ground on large spatial and long temporal scales. Previous studies have focused on the impacts of improvements in the model for the simulation of frozen ground. Here the sensitivities of permafrost simulation to different atmospheric forcing data sets are examined using the Community Land Model, version 4.5 (CLM4.5), in combination with three sets of newly developed and reanalysis‐based atmospheric forcing data sets (NOAA Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Re‐Analysis Interim (ERA‐I), and NASA Modern Era Retrospective‐Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA)). All three simulations were run from 1979 to 2009 at a resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° and validated with what is considered to be the best available permafrost observations (soil temperature, active layer thickness, and permafrost extent). Results show that the use of reanalysis‐based atmospheric forcing data set reproduces the variations in soil temperature and active layer thickness but produces evident biases in their climatologies. Overall, the simulations based on the CFSR and ERA‐I data sets give more reasonable results than the simulation based on the MERRA data set, particularly for the present‐day permafrost extent and the change in active layer thickness. The three simulations produce ranges for the present‐day climatology (permafrost area: 11.31–13.57 × 106 km2; active layer thickness: 1.10–1.26 m) and for recent changes (permafrost area: −5.8% to −9.0%; active layer thickness: 9.9%–20.2%). The differences in air temperature increase, snow depth, and permafrost thermal conditions in these simulations contribute to the differences in simulated results.