bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal radiation effects on creep behavior of the turbine blade
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi Mohammad yaghoub 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to find the time dependent thermal creep stress relaxation of a turbine blade and to investigate the effect thermal radiation of the adjacent turbine blades on the temperature distribution of turbine blade and creep relaxation.Design/methodology/approach– For this analysis, the creep flow behavior of Moly Ascoloy in operational temperature of gas turbine in full scale geometry is studied for various thermal radiation properties. The commercial software is used to pursue a coupled fields analysis for turbine blades in view of the structural force, materials kinematic hardening, and steady-state temperature field.Findings– During steady-state operation, the thermal stress was found to be decreasing, whereas by considering the thermal radiation this rate was noticed to increase slightly. Also by increase of the distance between stator blades the thermal radiation effect is diminished. Finally, by decrease of the blade distance the failure probability and creep plastic deformation decrease.Research limitations/implications– This paper describes the effect of thermal radiation in thermal-structural analysis of the gas turbine stator blade made of the super-alloy M-152.Practical implications– Blade failures in gas turbine engines often lead to loss of all downstream stages and can have a dramatic effect on the availability of the turbine engines. There are many components in a gas turbine engine, but its performance is highly profound to only a few. The majority of these are hotter end rotating components.Social implications– Three-dimensional finite element thermal and stress analyses of the blade were carried out for the steady-state full-load operation.Originality/value– In the previous works the thermal radiation effects on creep behavior of the turbine blade have not performed.
Entre a rua e o muro: a construção de uma interface nos condomínios horizontais fechados
Authors: Meneguetti Karin Schwabe , Beloto Gislaine Elizete 
Published: August 2016

As ruas são espaços livres fundamentais para a vida urbana, e sua paisagem é condicionada pela forma de ocupação e uso dos lotes que as delimitam. Contudo, o processo de urbanização recente tem demonstrado mudanças na relação entre os espaços públicos e privados, entre elas, as derivadas dos grandes condomínios horizontais fechados. Sua implantação resulta em altos e contínuos muros, os quais rejeitam a interface com as ruas adjacentes, afetando, de maneira negativa, a qualidade urbana. Este artigo objetiva apresentar uma possibilidade para construir a interface entre os condomínios fechados e as ruas externas a eles. Para tanto, será relatada a experiência, na cidade de Maringá, da implantação de condomínios cercados por lotes voltados às ruas externas e de usos diversos. A aplicação desse tipo morfológico em vários desses empreendimentos imobiliários tem demonstrado ganho considerável na qualidade da paisagem da via pública.
Effect of Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on Left Ventricular Remodeling After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Heydari Bobak , Abdullah Shuaib , Pottala James V. , Shah Ravi , Abbasi Siddique , Mandry Damien , Francis Sanjeev A. , Lumish Heidi , Ghoshhajra Brian B. , Hoffmann Udo , Appelbaum Evan , Feng Jiazhuo H. , Blankstein Ron , Steigner Michael , McConnell Joseph P. , Harris William , Antman Elliott M. , Jerosch-Herold Michael , Kwong Raymond Y. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil have been associated with beneficial cardiovascular effects, but their role in modifying cardiac structures and tissue characteristics in patients who have had an acute myocardial infarction while receiving current guideline-based therapy remains unknown.

Methods:
In a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, participants presenting with an acute myocardial infarction were randomly assigned 1:1 to 6 months of high-dose omega-3 fatty acids (n=180) or placebo (n=178). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess cardiac structure and tissue characteristics at baseline and after study therapy. The primary study endpoint was change in left ventricular systolic volume index. Secondary endpoints included change in noninfarct myocardial fibrosis, left ventricular ejection fraction, and infarct size.

Results:

By intention-to-treat analysis, patients randomly assigned to omega-3 fatty acids experienced a significant reduction of left ventricular systolic volume index (–5.8%,
P
=0.017), and noninfarct myocardial fibrosis (–5.6%,
P
=0.026) in comparison with placebo. Per-protocol analysis revealed that those patients who achieved the highest quartile increase in red blood cell omega-3 index experienced a 13% reduction in left ventricular systolic volume index in comparison with the lowest quartile. In addition, patients in the omega-3 fatty acid arm underwent significant reductions in serum biomarkers of systemic and vascular inflammation and myocardial fibrosis. There were no adverse events associated with high-dose omega-3 fatty acid therapy.

Conclusions:
Treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction with high-dose omega-3 fatty acids was associated with reduction of adverse left ventricular remodeling, noninfarct myocardial fibrosis, and serum biomarkers of systemic inflammation beyond current guideline-based standard of care.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00729430.
Oceanic Forcings of the Interdecadal Variability in East Asian Summer Rainfall
Authors: Si Dong , Ding Yihui 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In this study, it was found that the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) are shown to be the two major drivers of the interdecadal variability of summer rainfall over East Asia. The first leading mode (PC1) of this interdecadal variability—associated with an in-phase variation of rainfall anomalies along the Yangtze River valley and Huanghe–Huaihe River valley in China—is attributed to the PDO, while the second leading mode (PC2)—associated with seesawlike rainfall anomalies between the Yangtze River valley and Huanghe–Huaihe River valley—is attributed to the AMO. The AMO teleconnects its influence to the East Asian region, and beyond, through a circumglobal stationary baroclinic wave train extending from the Atlantic Ocean, through the Eurasian continent, and extending to North America. The AMO also altered the nature of the PDO through this atmospheric teleconnection, resulting in the occurrence of a different PDO pattern (“pseudo-PDO”) between the 1960s and 2010s. The pseudo-PDO has a different anomalous SST pattern in both the tropical and midlatitude Pacific compared to the conventional PDO. The pseudo-PDO causes a distinct atmospheric response in East Asia leading to an opposite relationship with the PC1 compared to the conventional PDO, thus leading to a change in the direction of the influence of the PDO on PC1 between the 1880s–1950s and the 1960s–2010s.
Recent Changes in ENSO Teleconnection over the Western Pacific Impacts the Eastern China Precipitation Dipole
Authors: Jin Dachao , Hameed Saji N. , Huo Liwei 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The eastern China precipitation dipole (ECPD) features an out-of-phase relationship between boreal summer precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Hetao region to its northwest. The precipitation dipole is strongly influenced by ENSO teleconnections over the western tropical Pacific. Here it is shown that a pronounced weakening of both the rainfall variability over eastern China as well as the precipitation dipole structure occurred around the mid-1990s. The changes have been analyzed by considering two epochs: one during 1979–95 and the other during 1996–2009. The characteristic feature of the circulation anomaly during the first epoch is the well-known East Asia–Pacific/Pacific–Japan (EAP/PJ) pattern, a quasi-meridional teleconnection pattern emanating from the western tropical Pacific. On the other hand, during the latter epoch eastern China precipitation variability occurs as an integral part of the circulation anomalies over the western Pacific. In contrast to the more meridionally restricted anomalies during canonical ENSO episodes, the western Pacific circulation has a significantly larger meridional scale. Intriguingly correlation of the precipitation dipole with Pacific sea surface temperature flips in sign during the second epoch, with enhanced precipitation over southeastern China associated with La Niña–like variability, in contrast to the co-occurrence of enhanced precipitation over this region with El Niño during the first epoch. The results suggest that the dominance of Modoki or central Pacific El Niños, and the altered structure of ENSO teleconnections associated with these, may play a role in the weakened ECPD structure during the latter epoch.
Schizophrenia genetics moves into the light
Authors: Curtis David 
Published: August 2016

SummaryTwo recent reports convincingly demonstrate that the risk of schizophrenia is influenced by common variation of C4, which codes for complement component 4, and by rare, disruptive mutations of SETD1A, which codes for a histone methylase. These important results open the way for major advances in our understanding of the fundamental biological processes leading to disease.
Colleague and patient appraisal of consultant psychiatrists and the effects of patient detention on appraisal scores
Authors: Heneghan Miranda , Chaplin Robert 
Published: August 2016

Aims and methodThis paper aims to review colleague and patient feedback from the 10-year period of the operation of the Royal College of Psychiatrists' 360-degree appraisal system, specifically: (1) examine the overall distribution of ratings; (2) examine the effect of working primarily with detained patients on patient feedback, represented by forensic psychiatrists; and (3) look for a relationship between colleague and patient ratings.ResultsData were analysed for 977 participating psychiatrists. Both colleagues and patients rated psychiatrists overall with high scores. Less than 1% were identified as low scorers, although there was no relationship between those identified by colleagues or patients. Colleague and patient feedback scores varied little between subspecialties including forensic consultants.Clinical implicationsPsychiatrists in all subspecialties obtained high scores from colleagues and staff. Working with detained patients appeared to have little effect on patient ratings.
The cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune synapse at a glance
Authors: Dieckmann Nele M. G. , Frazer Gordon L. , Asano Yukako , Stinchcombe Jane C. , Griffiths Gillian M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The immune synapse provides an important structure for communication with immune cells. Studies on immune synapses formed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) highlight the dynamic changes and specialised mechanisms required to facilitate focal signalling and polarised secretion in immune cells. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we illustrate the different steps that reveal the specialised mechanisms used to focus secretion at the CTL immune synapse and allow CTLs to be such efficient and precise serial killers.
Study of the Rotational Motion of a Rigid Body in Profile School Elective Courses
Authors: Харыбина  , Kharybina I. , Новикова  , Novikova Tatyana , Новиков  , Novikov Aleksandr 
Published: August 2016

The article deals with the problem of studying the rotational motion of a rigid body in a physics course at profi le school. It is proposed to supplement the
study of the topic elective courses to meet the challenges of the kinematics, dynamics, conservation laws for describing plane-parallel motion of a solid
body. The article gives examples of jobs on the formation method of fi nding instantaneous center of velocity, methods are provided for the activities of
the students at the school level action.
Component alignment and clinical outcome following total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Huijbregts H. J. T. A. M. , Khan R. J. K. , Fick D. P. , Hall M. J. , Punwar S. A. , Sorensen E. , Reid M. J. , Vedove S. Dalle , Haebich S. 
Published: August 2016

Aims We conducted a randomised controlled trial to assess the accuracy of positioning and alignment of the components in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), comparing those undertaken using standard intramedullary cutting jigs and those with patient-specific instruments (PSI). Patients and Methods There were 64 TKAs in the standard group and 69 in the PSI group. The post-operative hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle and positioning was investigated using CT scans. Deviation of > 3° from the planned position was regarded as an outlier. The operating time, Oxford Knee Scores (OKS) and Short Form-12 (SF-12) scores were recorded. Results There were 14 HKA-angle outliers (22%) in the standard group and nine (13%) in the PSI group (p = 0.251). The mean HKA-angle was 0.5° varus in the standard group and 0.2° varus in the PSI group (p = 0.492). The accuracy of alignment in the coronal and axial planes and the proportion of outliers was not different in the two groups. The femoral component was more flexed (p = 0.035) and there were significantly more tibial slope outliers (29% versus 13%) in the PSI group (p = 0.032). Operating time and the median three-month OKS were similar (p = 0.218 and p = 0.472, respectively). Physical and mental SF-12 scores were not significantly different at three months (p = 0.418 and p = 0.267, respectively) or at one year post-operatively (p = 0.114 and p = 0.569). The median one-year Oxford knee score was two points higher in the PSI group (p = 0.049). Conclusion Compared with standard intramedullary jigs, the use of PSI did not significantly reduce the number of outliers or the mean operating time, nor did it clinically improve the accuracy of alignment or the median Oxford Knee Scores. Our data do not support the routine use of PSI when undertaking TKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1043–9.
Patient-specific glenoid guides provide accuracy and reproducibility in total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Gauci M. O. , Boileau P. , Baba M. , Chaoui J. , Walch G. 
Published: August 2016

Aims Patient-specific glenoid guides (PSGs) claim an improvement in accuracy and reproducibility of the positioning of components in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). The results have not yet been confirmed in a prospective clinical trial. Our aim was to assess whether the use of PSGs in patients with osteoarthritis of the shoulder would allow accurate and reliable implantation of the glenoid component. Patients and Methods A total of 17 patients (three men and 14 women) with a mean age of 71 years (53 to 81) awaiting TSA were enrolled in the study. Pre- and post-operative version and inclination of the glenoid were measured on CT scans, using 3D planning automatic software. During surgery, a congruent 3D-printed PSG was applied onto the glenoid surface, thus determining the entry point and orientation of the central guide wire used for reaming the glenoid and the introduction of the component. Manual segmentation was performed on post-operative CT scans to compare the planned and the actual position of the entry point (mm) and orientation of the component (°). Results The mean error in the accuracy of the entry point was -0.1 mm (standard deviation (sd) 1.4) in the horizontal plane, and 0.8 mm (sd 1.3) in the vertical plane. The mean error in the orientation of the glenoid component was 3.4° (sd 5.1°) for version and 1.8° (sd 5.3°) for inclination. Conclusion Pre-operative planning with automatic software and the use of PSGs provides accurate and reproducible positioning and orientation of the glenoid component in anatomical TSA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1080–5.
Antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Bryson D. J. , Morris D. L. J. , Shivji F. S. , Rollins K. R. , Snape S. , Ollivere B. J. 
Published: August 2016

Prophylactic antibiotics can decrease the risk of wound infection and have been routinely employed in orthopaedic surgery for decades. Despite their widespread use, questions still surround the selection of antibiotics for prophylaxis, timing and duration of administration. The health economic costs associated with wound infections are significant, and the judicious but appropriate use of antibiotics can reduce this risk.This review examines the evidence behind commonly debated topics in antibiotic prophylaxis and highlights the uses and advantages of some commonly used antibiotics.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1014–19.
The prevalence and impact of sarcopenia on degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Park S. , Kim H. J. , Ko B. G. , Chung J. W. , Kim S. H. , Park S. H. , Lee M. H. , Yeom J. S. 
Published: August 2016

Aims The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and to examine its impact on patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS). Patients and Methods This case-control study included two groups: one group consisting of patients with DLSS and a second group of control subjects without low back or neck pain and related leg pain. Five control cases were randomly selected and matched by age and gender (n = 77 cases and n = 385 controls) for each DLSS case. Appendicular muscle mass, hand-grip strength, sit-to-stand test, timed up and go (TUG) test, and clinical outcomes, including the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores and the EuroQol EQ-5D were compared between the two groups. Results The prevalence of sarcopenia, as defined by hand-grip strength, was significantly higher in the DLSS group (24%) when compared with the age- and gender-matched control group (12%) (p = 0.004). In the DLSS group, the sarcopenia subgroup demonstrated inferior results for the TUG test and ODI scores when compared with the non-sarcopenia subgroup (p = 0.006 and p = 0.039, respectively) after adjusting for age and gender. Conclusion This study demonstrated a higher prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with DLSS and highlighted its negative effect on clinical outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1093–8.
Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Ion-Montmorillonite Organoclays
Authors: Powell Clois E. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Montmorillonite is an extraordinary, naturally occurring plate-like material ~1 nm thick with dimensions of at least 150-200 nm with robust mechanical properties (the modulus is ~ 180 GPa). It is non-toxic (the FDA classification of montmorillonite is GRAS (‘generally regarded as safe’ for most applications)). The surface area of the particle is enormous (&gt;750m2/g). The capacity of montmorillonite to have a negative charge allows for the modification of the montmorillonite with quaternary ammonium ions (which have a positive charge) to displace the inorganic counter ions associated with the mineral. This displacement provides a wide range of hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance on the surface of montmorillonite which is key to the utilization of organomontmorillonites in a wide range of different markets (rheology control for coatings, inks, oil-well drilling fluids, grease, etc. and polymer nanocomposites). The utility of organomontmorillonite is not discussed here.
The significant independent variables that relate to successful preparation of organo-montmorillonites are described below and listed in the conclusions.
DIVERSIDAD FLORÍSTICA Y ESTRUCTURA EN CACAOTALES TRADICIONALES Y BOSQUE NATURAL (SUMACO, ECUADOR)
Authors: Jadán Maza Oswaldo Angel , Torres Bolier , Selesi Daniela , Peña Denisse , Rosales Cornelio , Gunter Sven 
Published: August 2016

<p>Se caracterizaron la diversidad, estructura horizontal y vertical de la vegetación arbórea y arbustiva en cacaotales tradicionales y bosque maduro. Se evaluó la diversidad alfa, beta y se identificaron relaciones entre la riqueza con la estructura de la vegetación arbórea. El bosque registró los mayores valores en riqueza de especies, abundancia y estructura, seguido por el sistema agroforestal tradicional con cacao semilla. Las especies más importantes ecológicamente en el bosque fueron <em>Iriartea deltoidea </em>y<em> Otoba glycycarpa. </em>En todos los sistemas agroforestales tradicionales<em> </em>fueron <em>Cordia alliodora</em> y <em>Cedrela odorata</em>. En los sistemas agroforestales con cultivo de cacao la riqueza de especies se correlaciona positivamente con la densidad y área basal, marcando dependencia directa entre estas variables. Este resultado no puede generalizarse ya que en el bosque maduro y sistema agroforestal de subsistencia no se registran estas dependencias. Esto posiblemente es explicado por la <em>discetaniedad</em>, tamaños de vegetación y distribución aleatoria de los individuos sobre la riqueza de especies. Se concluyó que el bosque maduro y el sistema agroforestal con cacao semilla son los sistemas más importantes para conservación de especies arbóreas y arbustivas, según la riqueza, diversidad, índices de similitud y estructura de la vegetación. </p>
The dose makes the poison: from glutamate-mediated neurogenesis to neuronal atrophy and depression
Authors: Rubio-Casillas Alberto , Fernández-Guasti Alonso 
Published: August 2016

AbstractExperimental evidence has demonstrated that glutamate is an essential factor for neurogenesis, whereas another line of research postulates that excessive glutamatergic neurotransmission is associated with the pathogenesis of depression. The present review shows that such paradox can be explained within the framework of hormesis, defined as biphasic dose responses. Low glutamate levels activate adaptive stress responses that include proteins that protect neurons against more severe stress. Conversely, abnormally high levels of glutamate, resulting from increased release and/or decreased removal, cause neuronal atrophy and depression. The dysregulation of the glutamatergic transmission in depression could be underlined by several factors including a decreased inhibition (γ-aminobutyric acid or serotonin) or an increased excitation (primarily within the glutamatergic system). Experimental evidence shows that the activation ofN-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPAR) can exert two opposite effects on neurogenesis and neuron survival depending on the synaptic or extrasynaptic concentration. Chronic stress, which usually underlies experimental and clinical depression, enhances glutamate release. This overactivates NMDA receptors (NMDAR) and consequently impairs AMPAR activity. Various studies show that treatment with antidepressants decreases plasma glutamate levels in depressed individuals and regulates glutamate receptors by reducing NMDAR function by decreasing the expression of its subunits and by potentiating AMPAR-mediated transmission. Additionally, it has been shown that chronic treatment with antidepressants having divergent mechanisms of action (including tricyclics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and ketamine) markedly reduced depolarization-evoked glutamate release in the hippocampus. These data, taken together, suggest that the glutamatergic system could be a final common pathway for antidepressant treatments.