bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Maharjan Rima , Thapa BK , Chitrakar Neershobha , Pariyar Jitendra , Shrestha Isha , Joshi AP , Maharjan P , Neupane S 
Published: December 2016

Aims: To evaluate the treatment outcome and acceptance of LEEP in precancerous cervical lesions.Methods: This is a descriptive study performed in Gynecology Department of Civil Service Hospital, from August 2014 - December 2015 in 28 cases that underwent LEEP forCIN. LEEP was performed as day care procedure under intravenous anesthesia and patient was sent home six hours after procedure. Follow up and further treatment was done after final histopathological reports.Results: Highest percentage ofCIN, 32.14% (9) was seen among 30-39 years age with 16 (57.14%) of parity three and more. 17 (60.71%) presented clinic with symptoms (lower abdominal, backpain, pervaginal discharge) while 11 (39.28%) were diagnosed from routine Pap test. Histopathology revealed four (14.28%)CIN1, eight (28.57%)CIN2, 11(39.28%)CIN3, two adenocarcinoma in situ, one of invasive squamous cell carcinoma, chronic cervicitis and atrophic change with no dysplasia. Margins were negative (satisfactory) in 20 (71.42%) and positive in eight (28.57%) with endocervical involvement in two that required second LEEP while one underwent radical hysterectomy for final diagnosis of invasive squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusions: Hysterectomy is a radical procedure for preinvasive cervical lesions that can be treated with simple procedure like LEEP that saves time and financial resources.
Vulvar Myiasis in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Jha Rajani , Upadhyaya Indira , Thapa M , Awal R 
Published: December 2016

Myiasis is a parasitic infestation caused by the larvae of several fly species in various body wound and orifices. Vulvar myiasis is an extremely rare location. This is a case report of a 25 years old pregnant lady who presented with signs of burning sensation, itching and irritation invulval area. Vulval inspection revealed an ulcer on mons pubis with induration and tiny maggots crawling over the ulcer. She was managed conservatively with daily dressing and manual removal of larva along with vaseline gauge packing and application of topical antimicrobials as well as prophylactic systemic antibiotics. The wound was left to heal by secondary intention. Patientwas discharged after seven days of hospital stay with advice on personal hygiene to avoid reinfection.
Apolipoprotein A1 in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma and Progression to Alzheimer’s Disease in Non-Demented Elderly
Authors: Slot Rosalinde E.R. , Van Harten Argonde C. , Kester Maartje I. , Jongbloed Wesley , Bouwman Femke H. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Scheltens Philip , Veerhuis Robert , van der Flier Wiesje M. 
Published: December 2016

Background: HDL-cholesterol transporter Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) holds neuroprotective properties, such as inhibition of amyloid-β aggregation. Low plasma ApoA1 concentrations are associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Little is known about ApoA1 levels in the pre-dementia stages of AD. Objective: To investigate associations between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma ApoA1 levels and clinical progression toward AD in non-demented elderly. Methods: From the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort, we included 429 non-demented elderly with subjective cognitive decline (SCD; n = 206, 61±9 years, Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) 28±2) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 223, 67±8 years, MMSE 27±2), with a mean follow-up of 2.5±1.6 years. We used Cox proportional hazard models to investigate relations between CSF and plasma ApoA1 concentrations and clinical progression, defined as progression to MCI or AD for SCD, and progression to AD for MCI. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, MMSE, and plasma cholesterol levels. Analyses were stratified for diagnosis and APOE ɛ4 carriership. Results: 117 patients (27%) showed clinical progression. One standard deviation increase of CSF ApoA1 was associated with a 30% increased risk of clinical progression (hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI)  = 1.3(1.0–1.6)). The effect appeared to be attributable to the APOE ɛ4 carriers with SCD (HR 3.3(1.0–10.9)). Lower plasma ApoA1 levels were associated with an increased risk of clinical progression in APOE ɛ4 carriers with SCD (HR 5.0(1.3–18.9)). Conclusion: Higher CSF and lower plasma ApoA1 levels were associated with an increased risk of clinical progression in APOE ɛ4 carriers with SCD; suggesting that ApoA1 may be involved in the earliest stages of AD.
Investigation on the Role of BDNF in the Benefits of Blueberry Extracts for the Improvement of Learning and Memory in Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model
Authors: Tan Long , Yang Hongpeng , Pang Wei , Li Haiqiang , Liu Wei , Sun Shoudan , Song Nan , Zhang Wanqi , Jiang Yugang 
Published: December 2016

Background: Blueberry (BB) can provide a wide range of antioxidant benefits for AD. There is evidence that BB extracts could improve brain functions. However, the details are still unknown. Objective: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the possible mechanism involved in the improvement of learning and memory capacity from BB extracts in AD. Methods: APP/PS1 transgenic mice were fed BB extracts for 16 weeks. The capacity of learning and memory was assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) test, and long-term potentiation (LTP) was determined to evaluate hippocampal neuronal plasticity at the end of administration. Pathological changes in the brain were observed, and the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK1/2) were determined to explore the mechanism of BB extract-induced benefits. Results: AD mice exhibited more difficulties to learn and remember the exact position of the platform in the MWM test. The data showed that AD mice lacked effective learning in the platform search. In contrast, AD mice exhibited better performance both in the training phase and probe test of MWM after the BB treatment. Moreover, LTP was enhanced and the neuron loss was alleviated with BB treatment, while we did not find any obvious effect on the elimination of amyloid-β. In the AD mice, the expression of ERK1/2 was significantly increased ( p < 0.05), while the level of BDNF was decreased ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: BB treatment was beneficial for the improvement of learning and memory of AD, and these effects might be related to the regulation of BDNF.
A Preliminary Study on the Feasibility of Using a Virtual Reality Cognitive Training Application for Remote Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Zygouris Stelios , Ntovas Konstantinos , Giakoumis Dimitrios , Votis Konstantinos , Doumpoulakis Stefanos , Segkouli Sofia , Karagiannidis Charalampos , Tzovaras Dimitrios , Tsolaki Magda 
Published: December 2016

Background: It has been demonstrated that virtual reality (VR) applications can be used for the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Objective: The aim of this study is to provide a preliminary investigation on whether a VR cognitive training application can be used to detect MCI in persons using the application at home without the help of an examiner. Methods: Two groups, one of healthy older adults ( n = 6) and one of MCI patients ( n = 6) were recruited from Thessaloniki day centers for cognitive disorders and provided with a tablet PC with custom software enabling the self-administration of the Virtual Super Market (VSM) cognitive training exercise. The average performance (from 20 administrations of the exercise) of the two groups was compared and was also correlated with performance in established neuropsychological tests. Results: Average performance in terms of duration to complete the given exercise differed significantly between healthy(μ  = 247.41 s/ sd = 89.006) and MCI (μ= 454.52 s/ sd = 177.604) groups, yielding a correct classification rate of 91.8% with a sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 89% respectively for MCI detection. Average performance also correlated significantly with performance in Functional Cognitive Assessment Scale (FUCAS), Test of Everyday Attention (TEA), and Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure test (ROCFT). Discussion: The VR application exhibited very high accuracy in detecting MCI while all participants were able to operate the tablet and application on their own. Diagnostic accuracy was improved compared to a previous study using data from only one administration of the exercise. The results of the present study suggest that remote MCI detection through VR applications can be feasible.
The Citicholinage Study: Citicoline Plus Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Aged Patients Affected with Alzheimer’s Disease Study
Authors: Gareri Pietro , Castagna Alberto , Cotroneo Antonino Maria , Putignano Daria , Conforti Raffaele , Santamaria Francesco , Marino Saverio , Putignano Salvatore 
Published: December 2016

Background: Citicoline can have beneficial effects both in degenerative and in vascular cognitive decline in a variety of ways (apoptosis inhibition, neuroplasticity potentiation, phospholipid, and acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) have been used for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). When co-administered with cholinergic precursors, they are able to increase the intrasynaptic levels of ACh more than when the single drugs given alone. Objective: The aim of the present study was to show the effectiveness of oral citicoline plus AChEIs in patients affected with AD. Methods: This was a retrospective multi-centric case-control study, involving seven Centers for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Italy, on 448 consecutive patients aged 65 years old or older affected with AD. 197 patients were treated with an AChEI while 251 were treated with an AchEI + citicoline 1000 mg/day given orally. Cognitive functions were assessed by MMSE, daily life functions by ADL and IADL, behavioral symptoms by NPI, comorbidities by CIRS, and mood by GDS-short form. Tests were administered at baseline (T0), after 3 (T1), and 9 months (T2). The primary outcomes were effects of combined administration versus AChEIs given alone on cognitive functions assessed by MMSE. The secondary outcomes were possible side effects or adverse events of combination therapy versus AChEIs alone. Results: Patients treated with citicoline plus an AChEI showed a statistically significant increase in MMSE between T0 and T1 (16.88±3.38 versus 17.62±3.64; p = 0.000) and between T1 and T2 (17.62±3.64 versus 17.89±3.54; p = 0.000). Conclusion: The present study encourages the role of combined administration in disease management by slowing disease progression.
Psychotropic Polypharmacy in Patients with Dementia: Prevalence and Predictors
Authors: Nørgaard Ane , Jensen-Dahm Christina , Gasse Christiane , Hansen Elsebet Steno , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: December 2016

Background: Antipsychotics and other psychotropics are frequently used to treat neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia, even though the evidence for effect is limited. Concerns have been raised about the safety of antipsychotics, but concomitant use of multiple psychotropic drug classes (psychotropic polypharmacy) may also pose a risk for patients. Objective: To investigate the prevalence and predictors associated with use of psychotropic polypharmacy in patients with dementia. Methods: A population-based study using nationwide registers. Patients with dementia were identified among all Danish residents ≥65 years on January 1, 2012. Data on prescriptions and comorbidity was included in the analysis. Overlapping prescriptions for different psychotropic drug classes were used to determine psychotropic polypharmacy. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate factors independently associated with the prescription of other psychotropic drug classes among patients already using antipsychotics. Results: Among all patients registered with dementia (34,553), 25.3% (8,728) used ≥2 psychotropic drugs. Among patients treated with antipsychotics 75.8% (5,403) used at least one other psychotropic drug during the antipsychotic treatment period. Nursing home residency, number of non-psychotropic medications used in 2011, and prior psychiatric diagnosis were associated with psychotropic polypharmacy among antipsychotic drug users. The most frequent combination of psychotropic drugs was antipsychotics and antidepressants. Conclusion: Concomitant use of psychotropic drugs was frequent in dementia patients. Patients living in nursing homes had the highest risk of receiving a combination of antipsychotics and other psychotropic drugs. Concomitant use of psychotropics may cause adverse events, and potential consequences for patients’ safety call for further investigation.
Frontal Lobe Function Correlates with One-Year Incidence of Urinary Incontinence in Elderly with Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Sugimoto Taiki , Yoshida Masaki , Ono Rei , Murata Shunsuke , Saji Naoki , Niida Shumpei , Toba Kenji , Sakurai Takashi 
Published: December 2016

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is frequently observed in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although previous works highlight the association between frontal lobe-related function and UI, causal relationship is unclear. Objects: To clarify the longitudinal association between frontal lobe function and the incidence of UI at 1 year in patients with AD. Methods: The subjects were 215 continent AD patients who attended the Memory Clinic of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology of Japan during the period from March 2011 to December 2014. The absence or presence of UI was operationally assigned by the dementia behavior disturbance scale subscale, which was completed by the patients’ caregivers. Frontal lobe function was assessed using the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Other confounding factors including demographic data, cognitive status, vitality, mood, physical performance, and use of medication (cholinesterase inhibitors, calcium channel blockers [CCBs], diuretics, alpha blockers and anticholinergic drugs) were assessed. Results: During 1-year follow up (mean: 377.4±83.7 days), the incidence of UI was 12.1% ( n = 26). Patients with UI had significantly lower FAB performance at baseline (no UI versus UI = 9.3±2.8 versus 7.8±2.7). In multivariate analysis, stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that FAB (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66–0.94) and the use of CCB (OR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.09–6.77) were significantly associated with UI at 1 year. Conclusion: The results of study indicate that frontal lobe dysfunction is predictor for UI in patients with AD.
FULL-DEPTH COADDS OF THE WISE AND FIRST-YEAR NEOWISE-REACTIVATION IMAGES
Authors: Meisner Aaron M. , Lang Dustin , Schlegel David J. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
The Near Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE) Reactivation mission released data from its first full year of observations in 2015. This data set includes ∼2.5 million exposures in each of W1 and W2, effectively doubling the amount of WISE imaging available at 3.4 μm and 4.6 μm relative to the AllWISE release. We have created the first ever full-sky set of coadds combining all publicly available W1 and W2 exposures from both the AllWISE and NEOWISE-Reactivation (NEOWISER) mission phases. We employ an adaptation of the unWISE image coaddition framework, which preserves the native WISE angular resolution and is optimized for forced photometry. By incorporating two additional scans of the entire sky, we not only improve the W1/W2 depths, but also largely eliminate time-dependent artifacts such as off-axis scattered moonlight. We anticipate that our new coadds will have a broad range of applications, including target selection for upcoming spectroscopic cosmology surveys, identification of distant/massive galaxy clusters, and discovery of high-redshift quasars. In particular, our full-depth AllWISE+NEOWISER coadds will be an important input for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument selection of luminous red galaxy and quasar targets. Our full-depth W1/W2 coadds are already in use within the DECam Legacy Survey (DECaLS) and Mayall z-band Legacy Survey (MzLS) reduction pipelines. Much more work still remains in order to fully leverage NEOWISER imaging for astrophysical applications beyond the solar system.
UTILIZING SYNTHETIC VISIBLE SPECTRA TO EXPLORE THE PHYSICAL BASIS FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF LAMBDA BOÖTIS STARS
Authors: Cheng Kwang-Ping , Neff James E. , Johnson Dustin M. , Tarbell Erik S. , Romo Christopher A. , Gray Richard O. , Corbally Christopher J. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Since the peculiar nature of Lambda Boötis was first noticed in 1943, the Lambda Boo stars have been recognized as a group of peculiar A-type stars. They are Population I dwarfs that show deficiencies of iron-peak elements (up to 2 dex), but have near-solar C, N, O, and S abundances. In a previous paper, we used both observed and synthetic ultraviolet spectra to demonstrate that the C i 1657 Å/Al ii 1671 Å equivalent width ratio can help distinguish between Lambda Boo stars and other metal-weak stars hotter than 8000 K. In this paper, using observed and synthetic visible (4000–6800 Å) spectra, we demonstrate that the C i 5052.17 Å/Mg ii 4481 Å equivalent width ratio can be used as a quantitative diagnostic for cooler Lambda Boo stars.
HIDING PLANETS BEHIND A BIG FRIEND: MUTUAL INCLINATIONS OF MULTI-PLANET SYSTEMS WITH EXTERNAL COMPANIONS
Authors: Lai Dong , Pu Bonan 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
The Kepler mission has detected thousands of planetary systems with one to seven transiting planets packed within 0.7 au from their host stars. There is an apparent excess of single-transit planet systems that cannot be explained by transit geometries alone, when a single planetary mutual inclination dispersion is assumed. This suggests that the observed compact planetary systems have at least two different architectures. We present a scenario where the “Kepler dichotomy” may be explained by the action of an external giant planet or stellar companion misaligned with the inner multi-planet system. The external companion excites mutual inclinations of the inner planets, causing such systems to appear as “Kepler singles” in transit surveys. We derive approximate analytic expressions (in various limiting regimes), calibrated with numerical calculations, for the mutual inclination excitations for various planetary systems and perturber properties (mass m

p
, semimajor axis a

p
, and inclination

). In general, the excited mutual inclination increases with

and

, though secular resonances may lead to large mutual inclinations even for small

. We discuss the implications of our results for understanding the dynamical history of transiting planet systems with known external perturbers.
ON THE SURVIVAL OF HIGH-ALTITUDE OPEN CLUSTERS WITHIN THE MILKY WAY GALAXY TIDES
Authors: Martinez-Medina L. A. , Pichardo B. , Peimbert A. , Moreno E. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
It is a common assumption that high-altitude open clusters live longer compared to clusters moving close to the Galactic plane. This is because, at high altitudes, open clusters are far from the disruptive effects of in-plane substructures, such as spiral arms, molecular clouds, and the bar. However, an important aspect to consider in this scenario is that orbits of high-altitude open clusters will eventually cross the Galactic plane, where the vertical tidal field of the disk is strong. In this work, we simulate the interaction of open clusters with the tidal field of a detailed Milky Way Galactic model at different average altitudes and galactocentric radii. We find that the life expectancy of clusters decreases as the maximum orbital altitude increases and reaches a minimum at altitudes of approximately 600 pc. Clusters near the Galactic plane live longer because they do not experience strong vertical tidal shocks from the Galactic disk; then, for orbital altitudes higher than 600 pc, clusters again start to live longer due to the decrease in the number of encounters with the disk. With our study, we find that the compressive nature of the tides in the arms region and the bar play an important role in the survival of small clusters by protecting them from disruption: clusters inside the arms can live up to twice as long as those outside the arms at similar galactocentric distances.
Situations, interprétation, stratégies et conceptualisation. Le cas des opérations arithmétiques
Authors: Brissiaud Rémi 
Published: December 2016

Pour conceptualiser les opérations arithmétiques, les enfants doivent comprendre les situations qui fondent ces opérations et apprendre à utiliser les différentes opérations dans les situations où leur usage n’est pas banal : la recherche d’un complément concernant la soustraction et les situations de quotition concernant la division, par exemple. Enfin, ils doivent s’approprier la face stratégique de cette conceptualisation : savoir calculer de différentes façons une même opération et choisir une stratégie économique en fonction du contexte numérique. En s’appuyant sur le paradigme Si-problèmes vs. CC-problèmes (Brissiaud, Sander, 2010), nous présentons une approche didactique raisonnée de la façon dont ces différentes composantes de la conceptualisation des opérations peuvent s’articuler. Deux idées que Jean-François Richard a particulièrement mises en avant dans son œuvre : le lien entre l’existence d’une pluralité de stratégies pour une même tâche et la conceptualisation, ainsi que le rôle crucial de l’interprétation, ont servi de point de départ à l’analyse présentée ici.
Transfert entre problèmes isomorphes et généralisation de règles de résolution
Authors: Nguyen-Xuan Anh , Tijus Charles 
Published: December 2016

Le jeu de Nim est un jeu basé sur la découverte d’une règle générale de cheminement dans l’espace problème, qui permet de gagner contre son adversaire lorsque la situation est favorable. Nous rapportons les résultats de deux études menées pour étudier le transfert analogique de la découverte de la règle lors de la résolution d’une variante du problème (problème source) à la résolution d’une autre variante (problème cible). Notre recherche pose la question de l’importance de la composante sémantique et de la composante perceptive du contexte pour le transfert analogique, une distinction chère à Jean-François Richard (Richard, Clément & Tijus, 2002). Les résultats suggèrent que : 1˚ selon le contexte, il peut y avoir une interaction entre ces deux composantes ; et, 2˚ la représentation des états du problème faisant appel à un domaine de connaissance générale bien connue de l’apprenant joue un rôle important dans l’induction de la règle générale de cheminement.
Pister les manifestations de l’émotion en situation de résolution de problème
Authors: Clément Évelyne 
Published: December 2016

Le domaine de la résolution de problème a été très marqué outre-Atlantique par les travaux de Newell et Simon (1972), et en France par le travail de conceptualisation et de modélisation de Jean-François Richard. Deux notions majeures peuvent traduire la contribution de l’auteur dans ce domaine : celle de découverte de solution par compromis dans un ensemble de contraintes (Richard, Poitrenaud, Tijus, 1993), et la distinction entre espace effectif et espace sémantique (Richard, 2004) qui enrichit la notion d’espace de recherche proposée par Newell et Simon. Dans cette contribution, après être revenue sur l’apport déterminant de Richard dans la compréhension de l’activité de résolution de problème, nous montrerons comment, sur ce socle conceptuel et la modélisation qu’il a proposée, nous avons pu appréhender la sphère émotionnelle, rarement traitée en résolution de problème. Dans une perspective intégrative de la cognition dans laquelle l’émotion est prise en compte, nous concluons sur la nécessité d’étudier cette dernière dans le cadre d’un modèle heuristique du fonctionnement cognitif, ce que le modèle de résolution de problème de Richard permet.