bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel and Simplified Anion Exchange Flow‐Through Polishing Approach for the Separation of Full From Empty Adeno‐Associated Virus Capsids
Authors: Meierrieks Frederik , Weltken Alisa , Pflanz Karl , Pickl Andreas , Graf Benjamin , Wolff Michael W. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAdeno‐associated viruses (AAV) are widely used viral vectors for in vivo gene therapy. The purification of AAV, particularly the separation of genome‐containing from empty AAV capsids, is usually time‐consuming and requires expensive equipment. In this study, we present a novel laboratory scale anion exchange flow‐through polishing method designed to separate full and empty AAV. Once the appropriate conditions are defined, this method eliminates the need for a chromatography system. Determination of optimal polishing conditions using a chromatography system revealed that the divalent salt MgCl2 resulted in better separation of full and empty AAV than the monovalent salt NaCl. The efficacy of the method was demonstrated for three distinct AAV serotypes (AAV8, AAV5, and AAV2) on two different stationary phases: a membrane adsorber and a monolith, resulting in a 4‐ to 7.5‐fold enrichment of full AAV particles. Moreover, the method was shown to preserve the AAV capsids’ functional potency and structural integrity. Following the successful establishment of the flow‐through polishing approach, it was adapted to a manual syringe‐based system. Manual flow‐through polishing using the monolith or membrane adsorber achieved 3.6‐ and 5.4‐fold enrichment of full AAV, respectively. This study demonstrates the feasibility of separating full and empty AAV without complex linear or step gradient elution and the necessity of specialized equipment. Flow‐through polishing provides a rapid and easy‐to‐perform platform for polishing multiple vector preparations, addressing a critical aspect in the research and development of novel gene therapies.
Concentration‐Dependent Effects of MXene Nanocomposite‐Loaded Carboxymethyl Cellulose on Wound Healing
Authors: Nasser Salma , Elkodous Mohamed Abd , Tawfik Rasha , Tohamy Hossam , El‐Kammar Mahmoud , Nouh Samir , Elkhenany Hoda 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTNanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising solution for many biomedical applications. Although not all particles have antimicrobial or regenerative properties, certain NPs show promise in enhancing wound healing by promoting tissue regeneration, reducing inflammation, and preventing infection. Integrating various NPs can further enhance these effects. Herein, the zinc oxide (ZnO)‐MXene‐Ag nanocomposite was prepared, and the conjugation of its three components was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) mapping analysis. In vitro analysis using the agar well diffusion technique demonstrated that ZnO‐MXene‐Ag nanocomposite exhibited high antimicrobial efficacy, significantly inhibiting Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Candida albicans, and showing enhanced potency when combined with tetracycline, resulting in a 2.6‐fold increase against Staphylococcus and a 2.4‐fold increase against Pseudomonas. The efficacy of nanocomposite‐loaded carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) gel on wound healing was investigated using varying concentrations (0, 1, 5, and 10 mg/mL). Wound healing was monitored over 21 days, with results indicating that wounds treated with 1 mg/mL ZnO‐MXene‐Ag gel exhibited superior healing compared to the control group (0 mg/mL), with significant improvements noted from Day 3 onward. Conversely, higher concentrations (10 mg/mL) resulted in reduced healing efficiency, particularly notable on Day 15. In conclusion, the ZnO‐MXene‐Ag nanocomposite‐loaded CMC gel is a promising agent for enhanced wound healing and antimicrobial applications. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing NP concentration to maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing potential cytotoxicity.
Chitosan/Fibroin Biopolymer‐Based Hydrogels for Potential Angiogenesis in Developing Chicks and Accelerated Wound Healing in Mice
Authors: Dawood Hafiza Zubia , Ara Chaman , Asmatullah  , Jabeen Sehrish , Islam Atif , Ghauri Zunaira Huma 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPotential therapies for wound management remain one of the most challenging affairs to date. Biopolymer hydrogels possess inherent properties that facilitate the healing of damaged tissue by creating a supportive and hydrated environment. Chitosan/fibroin hydrogels were formulated with poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) and cross‐linked using 3‐aminopropyl (diethoxy) methylsilane (APDEMS) for the aforementioned function. The hydrogels were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, and their swelling response was observed using a variety of solvents. Additionally, hydrogels were investigated for biomedical applications. As the amount of fibroin added to the hydrogels increased, the swelling ratio decreased. The analysis of chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay revealed that higher concentrations of fibroin in the hydrogel were directly correlated with increased angiogenesis. The intragroup comparison showed that the vascular number in the CPF5 group was significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) compared to other hydrogel groups. The wound healing efficiency of the prepared hydrogels showed that the rate of wound reduction (99.06%) was remarkably (p ≤ 0.05) high in the hydrogel group with a greater fibroin content against control (67.03%). Histological findings of wounded tissues corroborate the abovementioned results, showing dense fibrous connective tissues in the fibroin group compared to the control. The results of this work provide thorough preclinical evidence that chitosan‐fibroin biopolymers are involved in enhanced angiogenesis in growing chicks and speed up wound healing in mice without any obvious toxicity.
Long‐term outcomes of DCB and DES for the treatment of in‐stent restenosis in relation to the vessel size
Authors: Iwańczyk Sylwia , Wolny Rafał , Januszek Rafał , Gil Robert J. , Cortese Bernardo , Kubler Piotr , Wojakowski Wojciech , Grygier Marek , Lesiak Maciej , Wańha Wojciech 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug‐coated balloons (DCB) or drug‐eluting stents (DES) are well‐established treatments for in‐stent restenosis, however little is known about the impact of vessel size on the outcomes. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of DCB versus DES in DES in‐stent restenosis depending on the vessel size.MethodsConsecutive patients with DES in‐stent restenosis who underwent PCI between January 2010 and February 2018 entered the registry with a long‐term follow‐up. Patients who received DCB at the index procedure were compared with those who received DES in three subgroups depending on the vessel size (≤2.5 mm; 2.5–3.5 mm; >3.5 mm). Data were analyzed using propensity score matching and Kaplan‐Meier estimator plots.ResultsAmong 1,374 patients with DES in‐stent restenosis, 615 were treated with DES and 759 with DCB. After propensity score matching, we analyzed 752 patients in the DES and DCB groups at a long‐term follow‐up. The risk of DOCE did not differ significantly between the DES and DCB groups, both in the overall population (HR 0.85; 95%CI [0.58; 1.26], log‐rank p = 0.41) and when divided into small (HR 0.84; 95%CI [0.36; 1.95], log‐rank p = 0.70), medium‐sized (HR 0.90; 95%CI [0.49; 1.65], log‐rank p = 0.73), and large‐sized (HR 0.81; 95%CI [0.42; 1.53], log‐rank p = 0.50) coronary arteries. The incidence of all‐cause death was significantly higher in the overall DES population (HR 4.03; 95%CI [2.40; 6.79], log‐rank p < 0.001) and subgroup of small (HR 5.54; 95%CI [1.80; 17.02], log‐rank p = 0.003), medium‐sized (HR 4.37; 95%CI [1.92; 9.94], log‐rank p = 0.009) and large‐sized coronary arteries (HR 3.26; 95%CI [1.35; 7.86], log‐rank p = 0.02).ConclusionsDES and DCB strategies are comparable methods of treating ISR regardless of the diameter of the treated vessel in a long‐term follow‐up.
Successful transarterial embolization of hemorrhage following percutaneous liver biopsy in hepatic amyloidosis
Authors: Feinggumloon Sasikorn , Panpikoon Tanapong , Piyajaroenkij Thanakrit , Prasertchai Tanatip , Treesit Tharintorn 
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical MessagePercutaneous liver biopsy is essential for diagnosing hepatic amyloidosis. Post biopsy hemorrhage is unusual but can occur. The potential for bleeding can result from various factors, such as the deposition of amyloid in the hepatic parenchyma or vessel wall, deficiencies in coagulation factors, hyperfibrinolysis, and platelet dysfunction. Transarterial embolization can be a safe and effective method for achieving hemostasis.
Oxidative Cleavage of Aromatic C−O Linkages by Oxoammonium Salts
Authors: Sun Wenjing , Wang Yongtao , Liu Jiaxin , Hu Qixuan , Yu Kehan , Wen Zeyu , Yao Jia , Li Haoran 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOxidative cleavage of aromatic C(sp2)−O bond is important to the conversion of biomass and plastic wastes into value‐added chemicals. Here we put forward the oxidative cleavage of para‐C−O bonds in phenolic compounds in use of oxoammonium salts as oxidant and water as the oxygen source. The mechanism is that oxoammonium cation activates water to form hydroxy‐oxoammonium adduct and thus realizes the ipso‐substitution of 4‐alkoxyphenol, which is proved by substituent effect, isotope labelling experiments, and kinetic analysis. Furthermore, this protocol is successfully applied into the depolymerization of both lignin model compounds with α‐O‐5 and 4‐O‐5 linkages and polyphenylene oxide (PPO).
Unprecedented Cubic Mesomorphic Behaviour of Crown‐Ether Functionalized Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins
Authors: Espejo Jayar , Zellmann‐Parrotta Carson O. , Sarkar Diganta , Che Austin , Michaelis Vladimir K. , Williams Vance E. , Ling Chang‐Chun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAmphiphilic supramolecular materials based on biodegradable cyclodextrins (CDs) have been known to self‐assemble into different types of thermotropic liquid crystals, including smectic and hexagonal columnar mesophases. Previous studies on amphiphilic CDs bearing 14 aliphatic chains at the secondary face and 7 oligoethylene glycol (OEG) chains at the primary face showed that the stability of the mesophase can be rationally tuned through implementation of terminal functional groups to the OEG chains. Here, we report the syntheses of first examples of crown ether‐functionalized amphiphilic cyclodextrins that unexpectedly form thermotropic bicontinuous cubic phases. This constitutes the first reported examples of cyclodextrins forming such phases, which are potentially capable of 3D ion transport. Lithium composites were made to assess lithium conduction in the material. XRD revealed the added lithium salt destabilizes the cubic phase in favour of the smectic phase. Solid‐state NMR studies showed that these materials conduct lithium ions with a very low activation energy.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiro[Indoline‐3,4‐Pyrrolo[3,4‐b]Pyridines] Via an Organocatalysed Three‐Component Cascade Reaction
Authors: Sun Yuhong , Jin Yan , Gu Yingying , Liu Jinming , Wang Liming , Jin Ying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAsymmetric synthesis of derivatives of spiro[indoline‐3,4‐pyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyridines] were first developed through the organocatalytic cascade of Knoevenagel/Michael/cyclization reactions using a quinidine‐derived squaramide. Under the optimized conditions, the three‐component reactions of isatins, cyanoacetates, and 3‐aminomaleimides yield the desired heterocycle‐fused spirooxindoles in good yields (78–91 %) with 53 %–99 % enantiomeric excess (ee). Notably, this reaction enables a broad substrate scope under mild conditions and provides a convenient method for the enantioselective construction of diverse spirooxindoles combined with dihydropyridine and maleimide skeletons, which has great potential for the construction of new bioactive chemical entities.
Determination of Ibuprofen Enantiomers in Mouse Blood Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Li Yuexin , Li Jinglai , Yang Huanhuan , Luo Huan , Liu Shiqi , Han Furong , Ruan Zhipeng , Xiong Zhili 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to establish a simple, fast, and sensitive method with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for simultaneously determining ibuprofen enantiomers using mouse blood in very small volumes. LC–MS/MS equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used in negative ion mode and multiple‐reaction monitoring mode. Enantiomer chromatographic separation was carried out on a Lux® 5 μm Cellulose‐3 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Samples were pretreated by extracting only 5 μL of blood with 40 μL of acetonitrile (containing 1.3% formic acid) so that a concentration‐time profile could be completed using a single mouse. 2‐(4‐Propylphenyl) propanoic acid was used as an internal standard. Standard curves for each enantiomer were linear from 0.04 to 80.00 μg/mL, demonstrating a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) than all previously reported methods. This method was completely validated and successfully executed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers after intravenous administration of racemic ibuprofen, (S)‐(+)‐ibuprofen, and (R)‐(−)‐ibuprofen in Kunming mice, respectively. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic profiles of the (R)‐(−)‐ibuprofen and (S)‐(+)‐ibuprofen were significantly different, indicating the unidirectional inversion of R‐(−)‐ibuprofen to (S)‐(+)‐ibuprofen.
Effects of pressure depletion rate, solvent, and surfactant on non‐equilibrium reactions in foamy oil
Authors: Sabeti Morteza , Torabi Farshid , Cheperli Ali 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research employed a visual method to explore the behaviour of foamy oil in heavy oil systems. A Hele‐Shaw cell was designed for observing the volumetric expansion of foamy oil as the system pressure decreased. This approach facilitated an examination of foamy oil's interface evolution under pressure depletion and an analysis of bubble sizes and their distribution. Using Minitab, 15 experiments were strategized, aimed at observing the distribution of bubbles and their stability during the foamy oil process. The investigation also extended to studying the influence of surfactants, solvent type, and pressure reduction rate on foamy oil. The findings suggest that a high concentration of surfactant, a high percentage of CO2 solvent, and a rapid pressure drop rate all contributed to the generation of microbubbles and enhanced volumetric expansion and stability of foamy oil. However, in light of the conducted energy analysis, a lower rate of pressure reduction is recommended. Finally, the conditions of the 15 experiments were applied to the CMG to derive two non‐equilibrium reactions for bubble generation and collapsing. The reaction rates are such that they relate bubble generation to the pressure reduction rate of the process and bubble resistance to collapsing to the surfactant concentration of the foamy oil.
Uniqueness of the blow‐down limit for a triple junction problem
Authors: Geng Zhiyuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe prove the uniqueness of blow‐down limit at infinity for an entire minimizing solution of a planar Allen–Cahn system with a triple‐well potential. Consequently, can be approximated by a triple junction map at infinity. The proof exploits a careful analysis of energy upper and lower bounds, ensuring that the diffuse interface remains within a small neighborhood of the approximated triple junction at all scales.
Response of cool‐season turfgrass monocultures and two‐way mixtures to sequential acute drought periods
Authors: Breuillin‐Sessoms Florence , Petrella Dominic , Deters Gary , Turbeville Jillian , Watkins Eric 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTurfgrass seeds are often sold as mixtures of several species to increase the probability of positive responses toward abiotic and biotic stresses, a response to drought being one of these. Several species of turfgrass are already thought to be better suited for drought, such as hard fescue (Festuca brevipila Tracey) and tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort]. However, little is known about the benefit of these species in mixtures with drought‐intolerant and/or drought‐avoiding species during drought. Understanding species mixture composition during establishment, before and after drought stress periods, could help develop more resilient mixtures for this stress condition. We compared monocultures and mixtures of hard fescue, Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) during sequential short drought and recovery periods in controlled conditions. We observed that the composition of most mixtures remained similar during drought and recovery periods; however, perennial ryegrass was often less prevalent after drought stress. We found that hard fescue monocultures had better green leaf coverage than Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass during drought stress. However, the presence of hard fescue in mixtures was not an indicator of greater drought tolerance, and variable fluorescence to maximal fluorescence data indicated that hard fescue was just as physiologically stressed as perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass during the drought periods. These results indicate that while hard fescue seems visually drought tolerant, it is still physiologically stressed and improved drought tolerance could be achieved through focusing on physiological indicators of stress in this species rather than visual indicators.
Rotary Topological Defects in an Oscillator Lattice Loop and Their Injection Locked Properties
Authors: Hirosawa Shunto , Narahara Koichi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe lattice loop formed by adjacent coupling of tunnel diode LC oscillators has been shown to generate topological defects due to broken mirror symmetry, which rotate in the opposite direction to the rotating pulse. Leveraging the injection locking of the rotational dynamics of these topological defects can lead to a subharmonic injection locking scheme with a large division ratio. This paper aims to enhance the design by elucidating the relationship between loop size, the number of topological defects, and the division ratio. Furthermore, we perform bifurcation analysis of the injection locking system, demonstrating that when the external signal strength reaches a certain threshold, defect pinning by the external signal occurs, leading to an extension of the lock range. The dynamics of topological defects are well suited to the so‐called progressive multiphase injection locking. In this paper, we clarify the degree of lock range extension achieved by introducing this technique.
The Essentials: Upskilling a National Health Workforce in the Identification and Treatment of Eating Disorders
Authors: Maloney Danielle , Ong Shu Hwa , Miskovic‐Wheatley Jane , Dann Kelly M. , Sidari Morgan , Hambleton Ashlea , Marks Peta , Maguire Sarah 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveHealth practitioners report limited skills and lack of confidence in managing and treating people with eating disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the national rollout of comprehensive basic training in identification, assessment, treatment, and management of people with eating disorders to clinicians.Methods
The Essentials: Training Clinicians in Eating Disorders is a core competency eLearning program. As part of a nation‐wide multidisciplinary workforce training strategy, 7500 course places were provided free of charge to public and private health care professionals across all jurisdictions of Australia between January 2020 and March 2022.ResultsA total of 7370 health professionals enrolled during the study period. All learning outcomes showed improvement with large effect (Cohen's d = 1.2–2), with the largest improvements for self‐reported knowledge of requirements for working with children and adolescents. Effects did not depend on years of working with eating disorders suggesting that the training was beneficial across levels of experience. Those who started with very low knowledge of eating disorders or higher willingness to treat eating disorders were most likely to complete the course. Most participants reported that the course was relevant to their clinical practice, that they expected their clinical practices to change, and that they would recommend the course to other health professionals.DiscussionThe strategy to provide government‐funded core competency training in eating disorder care to healthcare professionals met key objectives by reaching health professionals eligible to provide government‐rebated services in public and private settings across all jurisdictions including regional and remote areas.
The leaf‐footed cactus bug is not a cactus specialist: Narnia femorata feeds, fights, and mates on thistle
Authors: Cirino Lauren A. , McEvoy Isaac , Smith Logan C. , Emberts Zachary 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNovel host plants are incorporated into the diets of phytophagous insects when females oviposit and juveniles feed and survive on them. A change in diet, however, can have morphological consequences. We recently found a population of the leaf‐footed cactus bug, Narnia femorata (Hemiptera: Coreidae), a historical cactus specialist, living and feeding on Cirsium thistle. We also found adults breeding and males using their enlarged hind legs (i.e., weapons) in male–male combat on thistle. When we compared this thistle population with a population feeding on cactus, we found that both populations had similar body and weapon sizes as well as weapon composition. However, the population living on thistle had longer mouthparts than the population found on cactus, although this difference only occurred at larger body sizes. This difference in adult mouthpart size is likely a result of the juvenile rearing environment (i.e., thistle or cactus). However, genetic differences may also affect this trait. Our results provide some interesting avenues for future research (e.g., a reciprocal transplant experiment) in a species with a recent host range expansion.
Dune Hares: Population Indices, Home Range Size, and Habitat Selection of the European Hare on a Danish Island
Authors: Högberg Kleist Majbrit , Mortensen Rasmus Mohr , Bregnballe Thomas , Mayer Martin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPopulation indices, such as transect counts of animals, can provide important information concerning population changes over time. Moreover, data concerning the home range size and habitat selection of individuals can provide valuable insight into spatial requirements of animals and how they can adapt to variable environments. Here, we describe the population development of European hares (Lepus europaeus) and investigated home range sizes and habitat selection of six radio‐tagged individuals on the small (80 ha) Danish Wadden Sea island Langli. The average minimum hare population density from 1983 to 1997 was 64 ± 36 (mean ± SD) hares/km2, with hare numbers varying among years and seasons. The average home range size was 23.3 (CI: 18.9–28.7) ha, which is comparable to agricultural areas of high structural diversity. Moreover, hare habitat selection was generally bimodal, with hares moving over larger areas and selecting marsh habitat for foraging during nighttime, and dune and grassland habitat for resting during daytime, especially during winter. Combined, our results indicate that hare abundance and space use in the dunal landscape of Langli Island were similar to agricultural areas of comparatively high habitat quality. Thus, dunal marsh landscapes offer high‐quality habitat for hares and might be of importance as population strongholds at a time when hare populations are declining in many agricultural areas across Europe.