bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Geographical and Social Stratification of Judeo-Georgian
Authors: Lomtadze Tamari , Guledani Lali 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article focuses on the variation found within Judeo-Georgian as it correlates with predetermined geographical and social categories and explores the changes it underwent as spoken by the small Jewish community remaining in Georgia and, later, as a consequence of contacts with other languages, in a new linguistic environment in Israel. The research is based on the theories and methods of variationist sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology. Social and geographical factors were instrumental in shaping linguistic variation in Judeo-Georgian as one of the key identity markers of Georgian Jews. Geographical, social, and religious dimensions of Judeo-Georgian are discussed in relation to linguistic variables. The research builds on Sarah Bunin Benor’s (2008) distinctive linguistic repertoire approach to Jewish languages. The varieties of Judeo-Georgian spoken in Georgia were based on local/regional dialects but differed from them through the use of Hebraisms/Aramaisms, displaced dialectisms, and archaisms. Upper-class Jews largely avoided using Judeo-Georgian, middle-class Jews used it in certain speech situations, and for lower-class Jews, it was the only means of communication. Regional and social peculiarities of Judeo-Georgian, as spoken in different parts of Georgia, as well as the changes caused by immigration, are manifest in the speech varieties spoken by Georgian Jewry in Israel.
Effects of insect meals on fish digestibility, blood parameters, and economic performance: a meta-analysis
Authors: Aaqillah-Amr M.A. , Hidir A. , Ikhwanuddin M. , Fatan N.A. , Muhammad-Rahimi R. , Ning-Shahira S. , Siankhe R.G.N. , Vandenberg G.W. , Tanga C.M. , Yossa R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This review examines the use of insect meal (IM) as a substitute for fishmeal (FM) in fish feeds within the past decade. While global interest in this alternative is growing, research on its effects on fish digestibility, blood parameters, and economic performance has been limited. Meta-analysis on the apparent digestibility coefficient revealed a negative effect summary on dry matter (−0.92) and crude lipid (−0.51), although the difference between the two groups was relatively minor. However, a positive effect summary was reported in the apparent digestibility of crude protein (0.12), suggesting a potential advantage in the utilization of protein by fish fed with IM-containing diets. Whereas meta-analysis on fish blood parameters demonstrates varying effects summary, necessitating further research. Analysis of economic performance revealed an overall better economic performance in the IM diet with an effect summary of −0.08 for feed cost and 0.00 for the economic profit index. Overall use of IM in aquafeed shows promise in improving feed quality and fish performance, potentially becoming a sustainable alternative to traditional FM. Recommendations include exploring IM’s impact on fish blood parameters through more investigations. Shifting focus from traditional measures to markers directly linked with fish health and immune response can provide more precise insights. Moreover, exploring various components of IM, such as lipids and functional elements like chitin, through simplified breakdown methods, can significantly enhance our comprehension of their nutritional value. Analyzing how each part influences fish health could pave the way for a sustainable and efficient alternative to FM in aquaculture.
The International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion on Climate Change and Future Generations
Authors: Lawrence Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The mandate of the ICJ advisory opinion on climate change makes reference to states’ obligations in relation to both current and future generations. This note discusses options in terms of how the Court might interpret the concept of future generations, including its definition and the possibility of extending the principle of harm prevention to include harm to future generations. This is discussed in conjunction with the principle of intergenerational equity (an integral component of sustainable development), which the Court could interpret in a manner which gives it more substance. In approaching these issues, the Court will need to be impartial in terms of the interests of developed and developing countries.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Hot-Dry Winds in Northern China: A Multidimensional Analysis Using Gridded Datasets
Authors: Feng Yao , Sun Fubao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Hot-dry winds (HDWs), characterized by simultaneous high temperature, low humidity, and strong wind speed, represent prevalent agrometeorological hazards in northern China. To date, our comprehension of HDWs has been constrained to regional scales due to the dependence upon in situ meteorological observations and the lack of a universal definition of HDWs. In this study, we leveraged a gridded dataset to elucidate the spatiotemporal dynamics of HDWs in northern China from 1961 to 2022. We also introduced a standardized HDW index (sHDWI) to investigate HDW severity. The results indicated more HDW occurrences in eastern Northwest China (NW) and western Inner Mongolia (IM). While there were declining trends in HDW frequency, extent, and severity on average in northern China from 1961 to 1993, these trends were reversed by an overall increase afterward. Intriguingly, regions spanning from NW to IM exhibited significant upward trends in HDW severity according to sHDWI. The spatial extents of light, moderate, and heavy HDWs consistently decreased in North China (NC), with notable expansions over IM, NW, and Northeast China (NE) from 2001 to 2022. Importantly, the increased frequency, expanded extent, and intensified severity of HDWs, particularly, the heavy ones, underscored the escalation of HDW events in recent decades over the arid IM and hyperarid NW, known for their fragile ecological environment. The findings from this research carry significant implications for agricultural production and water management in northern China influenced by the changing patterns of HDWs in the context of climate change.

Significance Statement
This study aims to enhance our understanding of the large-scale spatiotemporal dynamics of hot-dry winds (HDWs) in northern China using a 0.25° × 0.25° gridded dataset spanning the period from 1961 to 2022. The adoption of the gridded dataset enables a multidimensional exploration of HDWs, encompassing their frequency, extent, and severity which cannot be fully captured by in situ observations. Meanwhile, to quantify changes in HDW severity, we introduce a standardized HDW index that surpasses existing HDW definitions relying on absolute thresholds or relative percentiles of maximum air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. Our results reveal a consistent reversal in HDW frequency, extent, and severity around 1993 in northern China and highlight the intensification of heavy HDWs, particularly in the arid and hyperarid regions within the study area.
Simultaneous quantification of serum symmetric dimethylarginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine and creatinine for use in a routine clinical laboratory
Authors: Marshall David J , Hawley James M , Keevil Brian G 
Published: October 2024

Background Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) are naturally occurring amino acids classed as uraemic toxins by the European Uremic Toxins Work Group. SDMA is principally excreted through the kidneys and is a well-known renal function marker, and ADMA is a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide production. Here, we describe the development of a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous measurement of SDMA, ADMA and creatinine. Method Serum samples were prepared by protein precipitation and dilution with acetonitrile prior to injection onto a Waters TQS-Micro. SDMA, ADMA, creatinine and their corresponding internal standard transitions were detected using multiple reaction monitoring after separation with a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography analytical column. Sample stability and intra-individual variation studies were also assessed following ethical approval. Results The retention time for creatinine was 0.43, SDMA 1.10 and ADMA 1.14 min. Mean recovery for creatinine was 103%, SDMA was 100% and ADMA was 103%; matrix effects were minimal (<6%). Lower limit of quantitation for creatinine and SDMA/ADMA was 17.5 µmol/L and 0.1 µmol/L, respectively. Analytical imprecision showed a coefficient of variation <10% for all analytes across the working range of the assays. Intra-individual variation for creatinine was 4.7%, SDMA 7.5% and ADMA 7.6%. Discussion We have developed a rugged assay for measurement of SDMA, ADMA and creatinine by LC-MS/MS suitable for routine use. It is easy to perform owing to its simplicity and reproducibility. The stability of SDMA and ADMA pre- and post-centrifugation allows for their routine use without any special sample handling requirements.
Multiple points of system failure underpin continuous subcutaneous infusion safety incidents in palliative care: A mixed methods analysis
Authors: Brown Amy , Yardley Sarah , Bowers Ben , Francis Sally-Anne , Bemand-Qureshi Lucy , Hellard Stuart , Chuter Antony , Carson-Stevens Andrew 
Published: October 2024

Background: About 25% of palliative medication incidents involve continuous subcutaneous infusions. Complex structural and human factor issues make these risk-prone interventions. Detailed analysis of how this safety-critical care can be improved has not been undertaken. Understanding context, contributory factors and events leading to incidents is essential. Aims: (1) Understand continuous subcutaneous infusion safety incidents and their impact on patients and families; (2) Identify targets for system improvements by learning from recurrent events and contributory factors. Design: Following systematic identification and stratification by degree of harm, a mixed methods analysis of palliative medication incidents involving continuous subcutaneous infusions comprising quantitative descriptive analysis using the PatIent SAfety (PISA) classification system and qualitative narrative analysis of free-text reports. Setting/participants: Palliative medication incidents ( n = 7506) reported to the National Reporting and Learning System, England and Wales (2016–2021). Results: About 1317/7506 incidents involved continuous subcutaneous infusions with 943 (72%) detailing harms. Primary incidents (most proximal to patient outcomes) leading to inappropriate medication use (including not using medication when it was needed) were underpinned by breakdowns in three major medication processes: monitoring and supply (405, 31%), administration (383, 29%) and prescribing (268, 20%). Recurring contributory factors included discontinuity of care within and between settings, inadequate time, inadequate staffing and unfamiliarity with protocols. Psychological harms for patients and families were identified. Conclusions: System infrastructure is needed to enable timely supply of medication and equipment, effective coordinated use of continuous subcutaneous infusions, communication and continuity of care. Training is needed to improve incident descriptions so these pinpoint precise targets for safer care.
Castellvi classification of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae: comparison between conventional radiography, CT, and MRI
Authors: Hanhivaara Jaakko , Määttä Juhani H , Kinnunen Pietari , Niinimäki Jaakko , Nevalainen Mika T 
Published: October 2024

Background The reliability and diagnostic accuracy of commonly used diagnostic imaging modalities in the classification of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are poorly known, and comparative studies are scarce. Purpose To compare the diagnostic performance of conventional radiography (CR), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in classifying LSTVs. Material and Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, a total of 852 patients undergoing lumbar imaging studies using all three modalities were initially assessed for the presence of LSTV using CT scans. In total, 100 patients with LSTV anatomy were identified. Four readers performed blinded and independent evaluations of these 100 patients on each modality, and an experienced fellowship-trained radiologist performed a gold standard read using all three modalities. Inter-reader reliability metrics were analyzed in comparison to the gold standard. Statistical software R (4.2.1) was used for the analyses. Results We found superior diagnostic efficacy for CT: the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and balanced accuracy were 76%, 93%, 77%, and 84%, respectively. For MRI, the metrics were 54%, 88%, 56%, and 68%, and for CR 32%, 85%, 42%, and 59%, respectively. Inter-reader reliability was found to be good for CT (κ = 0.63–0.71) and fair for both CR (κ = 0.16–0.32) and MRI (κ = 0.24–0.56). Conclusion CT had the highest diagnostic performance in all measured metrics with good inter-reader reliability. MRI and CR showed fairly poor sensitivity and accuracy, and thus consideration should be used when classifying LSTVs with these two modalities.
A Retrospective Closed Cohort Study on Distribution of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and its Impact on Patient Outcome
Authors: Mantri Tushar , Burad Jyoti , Hashmi Safiya Al , Jaadi Said Salim Abood AL , Aladawi Badriya , Balushi Wijdan Abdullah Said 
Published: October 2024

Objectives Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common and serious nosocomial infection affecting critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. This study investigated the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms in VAP, the VAP rate, and the outcomes associated with MDR-VAP. Methods This retrospective single-center study, conducted in 2022, included adult ICU cases from April 2021 to March 2022, receiving mechanical ventilation for more than 48 h. Patient data were analyzed for demographics, comorbidities, empirical antibiotic use, and outcomes. MDR organisms were identified in respiratory cultures. Results Among 447 patients, 133 developed VAP, with 96 cases being MDR-VAP. The mean age of the overall VAP population was 52 years, 70% of which were males. The incidence of VAP was 30.0% (95% CI: 25.7%–34.5%), while that of MDR-VAP was 21.6% (95% CI: 17.9%–25.8%). The most prevalent MDR organisms were Acinetobacter species (50%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (46.9%). Empirical antibiotics were administered in 96% of VAP cases. The overall VAP rate was 38.03/1000 ventilator days. No single antimicrobial agent seemed to offer an empirical cover, as the susceptibility rate for most tested antimicrobials was less than 85%. Patients with MDR-VAP had a low survival rate (64.6%) and were less likely to be extubated at 13.5% compared to non-MDR-VAP (survival rate of 62.2%). COVID-19 patients had a high incidence of MDR VAP, especially with Acinetobacter. Overall, VAP mortality was 57.1%. The median ventilator days were 16 for VAP and only four for non-VAP. Conclusion Gram-negative organisms, particularly Klebsiella and Acinetobacter, were the main MDR VAP culprits. MDR-VAP exhibited higher morbidity and mortality. A study focused on developing resistance by microorganisms is warranted for further understanding.
Humans: An integrative review exploring dehumanisation in advanced dementia
Authors: Bøgmose Jesper , Olivares Bøgeskov Benjamin Miguel , Dening Tom , Martinsen Bente 
Published: October 2024

Background: People living with advanced dementia risk being seen as someone without personhood in contemporary societies, an understanding that has been described and challenged for decades in dementia scholarly literature. Such perception can be characterised as forms of existential dehumanisation, which still asserts itself in dementia care practices, adversely affecting the ethical and caring aspects of such care. Aim: To challenge dehumanisation in dementia care, we must first learn to recognise what foster it in caring relations. Thus, the aim of our study is to identify existing perceptions of care recipients living with advanced dementia, which elicit dehumanising attitudes among formal caregivers. Research design: We conducted an integrative review based on Whittemore and Knafl’s updated methodology. This allowed us to identify and analyse 26 articles incorporating both qualitative- and quantitative studies as well as theoretical- and grey literature all describing perceptions of care recipients living with dementia that lead to dehumanisation. Ethical considerations: Studying the darker sides in caring relations was to be beneficial in improving dementia care practices. Findings: Through an analytical process five themes that can sprout dehumanising attitudes in caring relations were identified, which include perceiving people living with advanced dementia as (1) absurd, (2) shadow, (3) perilous, (4) void, or (5) repugnant. We argue that these perceptions can be seen as unintentional and stem from a misled embodied perception, which caregivers should learn to recognise and consequently be able to resist through virtue ethics. Conclusion: Our study indicates that challenging dehumanisation is a practical matter of identifying and reacting in a timely way to ones misled embodied perceptions. We suggest the five themes offer a potential means to warn formal caregivers of impending dehumanising attitudes and help them to review how they ethically are thinking and perceiving the person living with advanced dementia.
Changing Landscape of Financial Inclusion Through FinTech: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Mittal Palak , Singh Ravi Inder 
Published: October 2024

Financial services, credit to technological development, have witnessed significant transformation in the last few decades in terms of efficiency improvement and increased access to financial services. It is strongly perceived that the use of technology will make financial services reach unbanked and underbanked people at their doorstep. Therefore, this study is conducted to examine the impact of financial technology (FinTech) on financial inclusion through the systematic literature review approach. Research studies published from 2004 to 2022 on the theme are covered in this study. This Study uses population, intervention, comparison, outcomes and context (PICOC) strategy, identifying the population such as ‘Fintech’ in the context of ‘financial inclusion’. The research reveals that FinTech has improved financial inclusion through use the of mobile money, digital lending and has reduced cost, income inequality and risk reduction which in turn has helped in the economic growth of the country. This study highlights that digital lending is the most under-researched parameter among the four. This study also highlights the challenges faced by various countries in the adoption and usage of FinTech, which has major implications for policymakers, government authorities, technological developers and banking regulations. JEL: O33
Chemoprotective Effect of Bryodulcosigenin against 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced Breast Cancer via Suppression of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis
Authors: Zheng Jie , Hu Junyan , Jiang Shujun , Wang Yuhong , Xing Dan 
Published: October 2024

Background Breast cancer, originating in the cells of the breast, involves a significant role of oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in tumor cell proliferation. In this study, we investigate the chemoprotective impact of bryodulcosigenin against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in rats, aiming to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods Female Wistar rats were used in this study, with breast cancer induced by intraperitoneal injection of DMBA at a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight. The rats were then treated orally with bryodulcosigenin at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg body weight for 22 weeks. Body weight, tumor marker, glycoprotein, mitochondrial, antioxidant, cytokines, and inflammatory parameters were estimated. Apoptosis parameters messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions were estimated. Results Bryodulcosigenin significantly ( p < 0.001) downregulated the tumor weight and incidence. Bryodulcosigenin significantly ( p < 0.001) repressed the tumor markers like cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), total sialic acid (TSA), and lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA); glycoprotein such as hexose, hexosamine, and sialic acid improved the level of mitochondrial parameters like succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH); cytokines, namely, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and inflammatory parameters such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), prostaglandin (PGE2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), respectively. Bryodulcosigenin significantly ( p < 0.001) altered the level of lipid parameters such as triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL); antioxidant parameters like thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), respectively. Bryodulcosigenin significantly ( p < 0.001) altered the mRNA expression of apoptosis markers such as B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated protein x (Bax), and caspase-3. Conclusion We can conclude that bryodulcosigenin protects against DMBA-induced breast cancer by reducing inflammatory reactions and apoptosis.
Multidisciplinary Approach to Allergic Fungal Sinusitis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Mittal Yash 
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims: A noninvasive form of fungal rhinosinusitis is called allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS). It is characterised by pathognomonic eosinophilic mucin-containing hyphae, which are helpful in the diagnosis combined with certain histopathological and imaging characteristics. Most patients with AFS present with nasal obstruction, nasal discharge with eosinophilic mucin and headache. Methods: The search for published articles on AFS was done with databases like PubMed, Scopus, Medline and Google Scholar. This review article discusses the prevalence, etiopathology, clinical features, diagnosis, management and prognosis of AFS. Results: In AFS, computed tomography (CT) scans of the paranasal sinuses typically show abnormalities indicative of chronic rhinosinusitis. These include central regions with increased contrast (hyperattenuating) in the affected sinuses, which are associated with fungal elements and allergic mucin. In most cases of AFS, effective treatment typically involves trans-nasal endoscopic surgery, topical nasal steroids, postoperative nasal saline irrigations and endoscopic cleaning in the office. Additional medical treatments may include systemic steroids, oral antifungals, a combination of systemic corticosteroids and oral antifungals or, in some cases, immunotherapy. Conclusion: AFS tends to recur more often than chronic bacterial sinusitis. Managing recurrence remains a major challenge in AFS treatment. A multidisciplinary approach by otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists and neurosurgeons is recommended for AFS because of its slow and locally destructive disease.