bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“To look at the Koran through his spectacles”
Authors: Einboden Jeffrey 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A “household name in America” who was acclaimed as “the first woman in the republic,” Lydia Maria Child enjoyed a literary celebrity surpassing nearly all her contemporaries. Publishing across a wide generic range—historical novels, children’s tales, advice columns, antislavery polemics—Child also ranged across religious expressions, personally appealing to Muslim sources even while producing homespun American wisdom. This chapter traces Child’s consistent concern for Qur’ānic precedents as she pursued her progressive social reform, appealing to Islam while advocating for abolitionism and women’s rights, culminating in her Progress of Religious Ideas (1855) and Aspirations of the World (1878). Reviving print sources now neglected, the core of this chapter addresses Child’s manuscript renditions of the Qur’ān via George Sale’s translation, witnessing the private Islamic investments that underlie Child’s popular “household” writings.
Cerebral Biomarkers in Women With Preeclampsia Are Still Elevated 1 Year Postpartum
Authors: Bergman Lina , Åkerud Helena , Wikström Anna Karin , Larsson Marita , Naessen Tord , Akhter Tansim 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND
There is evidence of cerebral involvement among women with preeclampsia. Levels of the cerebral biomarkers neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B are elevated during pregnancy in women developing preeclampsia. It is although not known if these biomarkers return to normal range postpartum. The aim with this study was to compare levels of S100B and NSE during pregnancy and 1 year postpartum in women who have had preeclampsia to women with normal pregnancies.

METHODS
This study was a longitudinal study of cases (n = 53) with preeclampsia and controls (n = 58) consisted of normal pregnant women in matched gestational weeks. Plasma samples were collected at inclusion during pregnancy and 1 year postpartum. Plasma samples were analyzed for levels of S100B and NSE by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays kits.

RESULTS
Levels of NSE and S100B in women with preeclampsia were higher during pregnancy than in women with normal pregnancies. One year postpartum, women who have had preeclampsia still had a higher median level of both NSE (5.07 vs. 4.28 µg/l, P &lt; 0.05) and S100B (0.07 vs. 0.06 µg/l, P &lt; 0.05) compared to women with previous normal pregnancies. High levels of NSE and S100B postpartum remained associated with previous preeclampsia after adjustment for confounding factors. Levels of NSE correlated to S100B during pregnancy and postpartum.

CONCLUSIONS
Levels of NSE and S100B are still elevated 1 year postpartum in women who have had preeclampsia in contrast to women with previous normal pregnancies. We hypothesize that there might be a persistent cerebral involvement among women with preeclampsia even 1 year postpartum.
Predicting inpatient clinical order patterns with probabilistic topic models vs conventional order sets
Authors: Chen Jonathan H , Goldstein Mary K , Asch Steven M , Mackey Lester , Altman Russ B 
Published: September 2016

Objective: Build probabilistic topic model representations of hospital admissions processes and compare the ability of such models to predict clinical order patterns as compared to preconstructed order sets.Materials and Methods: The authors evaluated the first 24 hours of structured electronic health record data for &gt; 10 K inpatients. Drawing an analogy between structured items (e.g., clinical orders) to words in a text document, the authors performed latent Dirichlet allocation probabilistic topic modeling. These topic models use initial clinical information to predict clinical orders for a separate validation set of &gt; 4 K patients. The authors evaluated these topic model-based predictions vs existing human-authored order sets by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, precision, and recall for subsequent clinical orders.Results: Existing order sets predict clinical orders used within 24 hours with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.81, precision 16%, and recall 35%. This can be improved to 0.90, 24%, and 47% (P &lt; 10−20) by using probabilistic topic models to summarize clinical data into up to 32 topics. Many of these latent topics yield natural clinical interpretations (e.g., “critical care,” “pneumonia,” “neurologic evaluation”).Discussion: Existing order sets tend to provide nonspecific, process-oriented aid, with usability limitations impairing more precise, patient-focused support. Algorithmic summarization has the potential to breach this usability barrier by automatically inferring patient context, but with potential tradeoffs in interpretability.Conclusion: Probabilistic topic modeling provides an automated approach to detect thematic trends in patient care and generate decision support content. A potential use case finds related clinical orders for decision support.
Safety and Long-Term Efficacy of Forehead Contouring With a Polycaprolactone-Based Dermal Filler
Authors: Bae Byunggi , Lee Gyuyub , OH Sewoong , Hong Kyungkook 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND
Recently, a biostimulatory dermal filler based on polycaprolactone (PCL) microspheres was introduced. To our knowledge, no report has examined the safety and efficacy of PCL-based dermal fillers in forehead augmentation.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of forehead augmentation using a PCL-based dermal filler.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study population consisted of 58 patients (57 women, 98%; 1 man, 2%), aged 20 to 65 years, undergoing forehead augmentation using a PCL-based dermal filler between October 2013 and October 2015 at our clinic. The physicians used the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) to evaluate its efficacy 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively.

RESULTS
The mean GAIS score at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months was 2.14 ± 0.95, 2.38 ± 0.77, 2.50 ± 0.76, 2.45 ± 0.52, and 2.33 ± 0.50, respectively. The scores increased markedly from 1 to 3 months and were maintained at 24 months.

CONCLUSION
A PCL-based dermal filler is a good option for soft tissue augmentation of the forehead, as it is safe and has long-lasting favorable cosmetic efficacy.
Analytical Validation and Cross-Validation of an NFAT-Regulated Gene Expression Assay for Pharmacodynamic Monitoring of Therapy With Calcineurin Inhibitors
Authors: Abdel-Kahaar Emaad , Giese Thomas , Sommerer Claudia , Rieger Hannah , Shipkova Maria , Wieland Eberhard 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Analysis of residual gene expression of the nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT)-regulated genes has been developed as a pharmacodynamic biomarker to monitor therapy with calcineurin inhibitors. The availability of commercial primer sets (Search-LC) and the well-established assay protocol makes this biomarker a promising candidate to be used clinically in different laboratories. However, implementation of the method in routine practice requires analytical robustness and comparable results across laboratories. Therefore, a protocol originally established at the Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg was verified at the Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Klinikum Stuttgart, and a comparison study was conducted between the 2 laboratories.

Methods:
For the analytical verification, whole blood samples of healthy individuals were incubated with tacrolimus in vitro. Linearity, imprecision, and limit of quantification, as well as sample stability, were investigated. For interlaboratory comparison, samples of patients under cyclosporine A therapy were analyzed in Heidelberg and then reanalyzed in Stuttgart within 24 hours.

Results:
Tacrolimus (6.25–50 mcg/L) decreased the expression of NFAT-regulated genes in vitro dose dependently (15%–89%). Within- and between-assay coefficient of variations (n = 6 each) were <17%. The limit of quantification was <200 cDNA copies for each of the interleukin-2, interferon-γ, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor genes. Samples were stable for 24 hours. Interlaboratory comparison using patient samples correlated well (r = 0.951) but showed an inconsistent bias depending on the magnitude of residual gene expression.

Conclusions:
The assay can be set up with a satisfactory analytical performance in a routine molecular biological laboratory and shows comparable results between laboratories. The reproducibility of the NFAT-regulated gene expression assay across laboratories can facilitate the implementation of this assay for pharmacodynamic routine monitoring of calcineurin inhibitors in different centers.
Abdominal Closure after TRAM Flap Breast Reconstruction with Transversus Abdominis Muscle Release and Mesh
Authors: Espinosa-de-los-Monteros Antonio , Avendano-Peza Héctor , Novitsky Yuri W. 
Published: September 2016

Summary:
Breast reconstruction with a pedicled transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap can result in significant abdominal wall donor-site morbidity. Although the pedicled TRAM flap donor area reinforced with mesh results in decreased rates of postoperative abdominal bulging and hernias, the best technique to accomplish that is yet to be elucidated. We present our novel technique of posterior components separation with transversus abdominis muscle release and retromuscular mesh reinforcement for donor-area closure during pedicled TRAM flap breast reconstruction.
Radiation Dose Comparison Between 70 kVp and 100 kVp With Spectral Beam Shaping for Non–Contrast-Enhanced Pediatric Chest Computed Tomography
Authors: Weis Meike , Henzler Thomas , Nance John W. , Haubenreisser Holger , Meyer Mathias , Sudarski Sonja , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Neff K. Wolfgang , Hagelstein Claudia 
Published: September 2016

Objective
The aim of this prospective randomized controlled study was to compare 2 techniques for radiation dose reduction in non–contrast-enhanced pediatric chest computed tomography (CT): low peak kilovoltage imaging at 70 kVp and spectral beam shaping at 100 kVp using a dedicated tin filter (100-kVp Sn).

Materials and Methods
All chest CT examinations were performed on a third-generation dual-source CT system (SOMATOM Force; Siemens Healthineers, Germany). Fifty children (mean age, 6.8 ± 5.1 years) were examined using the 100-kVp Sn protocol, whereas 25 children received the 70-kVp protocol (mean age, 5.7 ± 5.2 years; 2:1 randomization scheme). Radiation metrics and organ doses were compared between acquisition techniques using commercially available radiation dose analysis software (Radimetrics Inc, Bayer AG, Toronto, Ontario, Canada). Objective image quality, expressed by signal-to-noise ratio and subjective image quality based on a 4-point scale (1, best; 4, worst image quality), were compared.

Results
Volume CT dose index and size-specific dose estimate were significantly lower in the 100-kVp Sn group compared with the 70-kVp group (0.19 ± 0.12 mGy vs 0.81 ± 0.70 mGy and 0.34 ± 0.13 mGy vs 1.48 ± 1.11 mGy; P < 0.0001 for both). Accordingly, mean effective dose was significantly lower for the 100-kVp Sn examinations (0.21 ± 0.10 mSv) compared with the 70-kVp examinations (0.83 ± 0.49 mSv; P < 0.0001). Calculated organ doses were also significantly lower using the 100-kVp Sn protocol when compared with the 70-kVp protocol; for example, breast dose was reduced by a factor of 4.3. Signal-to-noise ratio was slightly superior for 70-kVp images while lung image quality of the 100-kVp Sn protocol was preferred in subjective analysis (P = 0.0004).

Conclusions
Pediatric chest CT performed at 100 kVp with an additional tin filter for spectral shaping significantly reduces radiation dose when compared with low peak kilovoltage imaging at 70 kVp and therefore should be preferred in non–contrast-enhanced pediatric chest CT examinations, particularly (given the improved subjective image quality) when the main focus is evaluation of the lung parenchyma.
Elevated Cystatin C Levels Are Associated with Cognitive Impairment and Progression of Parkinson Disease
Authors: Hu Wei-Dong , Chen Jing , Mao Cheng-Jie , Feng Ping , Yang Ya-Ping , Luo Wei-Feng , Liu Chun-Feng 
Published: September 2016

Objective:
We investigated the relationship between serum cystatin C (CysC) levels and cognitive dysfunction and disease progression in patients with Parkinson disease.

Background:
Previous studies have reported altered CysC levels in neurodegenerative disorders, but only a few studies have explored the role of CysC and its relationship to cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson disease.

Methods:
We measured serum levels of CysC, creatinine, urea, and uric acid in 142 patients with Parkinson disease and 146 healthy controls. We assessed disease progression using the Hoehn and Yahr scale, and cognitive function using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Beijing version).

Results:
The patients with Parkinson disease had significantly higher CysC levels than the controls (P<0.001). CysC level correlated significantly with age (r=0.494, P<0.001), sex (r=0.150, P=0.011), and serum creatinine level (r=0.377, P<0.001), but not with levels of urea or uric acid (P>0.05). CysC level was a significant independent predictor of Parkinson disease (odds ratio=23.143, 95% confidence interval: 5.485-97.648, P<0.001) in multivariate logistic regression analysis. In the Parkinson disease group, a higher CysC level was associated with a more advanced Hoehn and Yahr stage (r=0.098, P<0.05) and a lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (r=−0.381, P=0.003).

Conclusions:
Serum CysC levels can predict disease severity and cognitive dysfunction in patients with Parkinson disease. The exact role of CysC remains to be determined.
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strains isolated in Argentina (South America) are different from those recovered in North America and present a higher risk for humans
Authors: Callejo Raquel , Zheng Han , Du Pengcheng , Prieto Monica , Xu Jianguo , Zielinski Gustavo , Auger Jean-Philippe , Gottschalk Marcelo 
Published: September 2016

Introduction:

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important swine pathogen and emerging zoonotic agent causing meningitis and septicemia/septic shock. Strains are usually virulent (Eurasia) or of intermediate/low virulence (North America). Very few data regarding human and swine isolates from South America are available.

Case presentation:
Seventeen new human S. suis cases in Argentina (16 serotype 2 strains and a serotype 5 strain) are reported. Alongside, 14 isolates from pigs are analyzed: 12 from systemic disease, one from lungs and one from tonsils of a healthy animal. All human serotype 2 strains and most swine isolates are sequence type (ST) 1, as determined by multilocus sequence typing and present a mrp+/epf+/sly
+ genotype typical of virulent Eurasian ST1 strains. The remaining two strains (recovered from swine lungs and tonsils) are ST28 and possess a mrp+/epf
−
/sly−
genotype typical of low virulence North American strains. Representative human ST1 strains as well as one swine ST28 strain were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing and compared with genomes from GenBank. ST1 strains clustered together with three strains from Vietnam and this cluster is close to another one composed of 11 strains from the United Kingdom.

Conclusion:
Close contact with pigs/pork products, a good surveillance system, and the presence of potentially virulent Eurasian-like serotype 2 strains in Argentina may be an important factor contributing to the higher number of human cases observed. In fact, Argentina is now fifth among Western countries regarding the number of reported human cases after the Netherlands, France, the UK and Poland.
The tubulin repertoire ofC. eleganssensory neurons and its context dependent role in process outgrowth
Authors: Lockhead Dean , Schwarz Erich M. , O'Hagan Robert , Bellotti Sebastian , Krieg Michael , Barr Maureen , Dunn Alexander R. , Sternberg Paul W. , Goodman Miriam B 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMicrotubules contribute to many cellular processes, including transport, signaling, and chromosome separation during cell division (Kapitein and Hoogenraad, 2015). They are comprised of αβ-tubulin heterodimers arranged into linear protofilaments and assembled into tubes. Eukaryotes express multiple tubulin isoforms (Gogoneaet al., 1999), and there has been a longstanding debate as to whether the isoforms are redundant or perform specialized roles as part of a tubulin code (Fulton and Simpson, 1976). Here, we use the well-characterized touch receptor neurons (TRNs) ofCaenorhabditis elegansto investigate this question, through genetic dissection of process outgrowth bothin vivoandin vitro. With single-cell RNA-seq, we compare transcription profiles for TRNs with those of two other sensory neurons, and present evidence that each sensory neuron expresses a distinct palette of tubulin genes. In the TRNs, we analyze process outgrowth and show that four tubulins (tba-1,tba-2,tbb-1, andtbb-2) function partially or fully redundantly, while two others (mec-7andmec-12) perform specialized, context-dependent roles. Our findings support a model in which sensory neurons express overlapping subsets of tubulin genes whose functional redundancy varies between cell types andin vivoandin vitrocontexts.Highlight SummaryMicrotubules contribute to key cellular processes and are composed of αβ-tubulin heterodimers. Neurons inC. elegansexpress cell type-specific isoforms in addition to a shared repertoire and rely on tubulins for neurite outgrowth. Isoform function varies betweenin vivoandin vitrocontexts.AbbreviationsTRNsTouch Receptor NeuronsRNA-seqRNA sequencingRFGReceptive Field GapTPMTranscripts per MillionECMExtracellular Matrix,CVCoefficient of VariationConflict of InterestThe authors declare no conflicting financial interests.
Diverse roles of guanine nucleotide exchange factors in regulating collective cell migration
Authors: Zaritsky Assaf , Tseng Yun-Yu , Angeles Rabadan M. , Krishna Shefali , Overholtzer Michael , Danuser Gaudenz , Hall Alan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEfficient collective migration depends on a balance between contractility and cytoskeletal rearrangements, adhesion, and mechanical cell-cell communication, all controlled by GTPases of the RHO family. By comprehensive screening of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) in human bronchial epithelial cell monolayers, we identified GEFs that are required for collective migration at large, such as SOS1 andβ-PIX, and RHOA GEFs that are implicated in intercellular communication. Downregulation of the latter GEFs differentially enhanced front-to-back propagation of guidance cues through the monolayer, and was mirrored by downregulation of RHOA expression and myosin-II activity. Phenotype-based clustering of knock-down behaviors identified RHOA-ARHGEF18 and ARHGEF3-ARHGEF28-ARHGEF11 clusters, indicating that the latter may signal through other RHO-family GTPases. Indeed, knock-down of RHOC produced an intermediate between the two phenotypes. We conclude that for effective collective migration the RHOA-GEFs-→ARHOA/C→ actomyosin pathways must be optimally tuned to compromise between generation of motility forces and restriction of intercellular communication.
Excitable RhoA dynamics drive pulsed contractions in the earlyC. elegansembryo
Authors: Michaux Jonathan B. , Robin François B. , McFadden William M. , Munro Edwin M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPulsed actomyosin contractility underlies diverse modes of tissue morphogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we combine quantitative imaging with genetic perturbations to identify a core mechanism for pulsed contractility in earlyC. elegansembryos. We show that pulsed accumulation of actomyosin is governed by local control of assembly and disassembly downstream of RhoA. Pulsed activation and inactivation of RhoA precede, respectively, accumulation and disappearance of actomyosin, and persist in the nearly complete absence of Myosin II. We find that fast positive feedback on RhoA activation drives pulse initiation, while F-actin dependent accumulation of the RhoA GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) RGA-3/4 provides delayed negative feedback to terminate each pulse. An experimentally constrained mathematical model confirms that in principle these feedbacks are sufficient to generate locally excitable RhoA dynamics. We propose that excitable RhoA dynamics are a common driver for pulsed contractility that can be differently tuned or coupled to actomyosin dynamics to produce a diversity of morphogenetic outcomes.
Cellobiose consumption uncouples extracellular glucose sensing and glucose metabolism inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chomvong Kulika , Benjamin Daniel I. , Nomura Daniel K. , Cate Jamie H.D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGlycolysis is central to energy metabolism in most organisms, and is highly regulated to enable optimal growth. In the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, feedback mechanisms that control flux through glycolysis span transcriptional control to metabolite levels in the cell. Using a cellobiose consumption pathway, we decoupled glucose sensing from carbon utilization, revealing new modular layers of control that induce ATP consumption to drive rapid carbon fermentation. Alterations of the beta subunit of phosphofructokinase (PFK2), H+-plasma membrane ATPase (PMA1), and glucose sensors(SNF3, RGT2)revealed the importance of coupling extracellular glucose sensing to manage ATP levels in the cell. Controlling the upper bound of cellular ATP levels may be a general mechanism used to regulate energy levels in cells, via a regulatory network that can be uncoupled from ATP concentrations under perceived starvation conditions.ImportanceLiving cells are fine-tuned through evolution to thrive in their native environments. Genome alterations to create organisms for specific biotechnological applications may result in unexpected and undesired phenotypes. We used a minimal synthetic biological system in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeas a platform to reveal novel connections between carbon sensing, starvation conditions and energy homeostasis.