bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of non‐coaxiality in the simulation of strain localization based on classical and Cosserat continua
Authors: Chang J. , Chu X. , Xu Y. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIt is normally accepted that materials inside the shear band undergo severe rotation of the principal stress direction, which causes non‐coaxiality between the principal stress and principal plastic strain rate. However, classical plasticity flow theory implicitly assumes that the principal stress and the principal plastic strain rate are coaxial; thus, it may not correctly predict the onset of the shear band. In addition, classical continuum does not contain any internal length scales; as a result, it cannot provide a reasonable shear band thickness. In this study, the original vertex non‐coaxial plastic model based on the classical continuum is extended to the Cosserat continuum. The corresponding codes are implemented via the interface of the user defined element subroutine in ABAQUS. Through a simple shear test, the effectiveness of the user's codes is verified. Through a uniaxial compression test, the influence of non‐coaxiality on the onset, the orientation, and the thickness of the shear band is investigated. Results show that the onset of the shear localization is delayed, and the thickness of the shear band is widened when the non‐coaxial degree increases, while the orientation of the shear band is little affected by the non‐coaxial degree. In addition, it is found that the non‐coaxiality can weaken the micro‐polar effect to some extent; nonetheless, the Cosserat non‐coaxial model still has its advantage over the classical non‐coaxial model in capturing the pre‐bifurcation as well as the post‐bifurcation behaviors of strain localization. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Obesity alters immune and metabolic profiles: New insight from obese‐resistant mice on high‐fat diet
Authors: Boi Shannon K. , Buchta Claire M. , Pearson Nicole A. , Francis Meghan B. , Meyerholz David K. , Grobe Justin L. , Norian Lyse A. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveDiet‐induced obesity has been shown to alter immune function in mice, but distinguishing the effects of obesity from changes in diet composition is complicated. It was hypothesized that immunological differences would exist between diet‐induced obese (DIO) and obese‐resistant (OB‐Res) mice fed the same high‐fat diet (HFD).MethodsBALB/c mice were fed either standard chow or HFD to generate lean or DIO and OB‐Res mice, respectively. Resulting mice were analyzed for serum immunologic and metabolic profiles and cellular immune parameters.ResultsBALB/c mice on HFD were categorized as DIO or OB‐Res, based on body weight versus lean controls. DIO mice were physiologically distinct from OB‐Res mice, whose serum insulin, leptin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and eotaxin concentrations remained similar to lean controls. DIO mice had increased macrophage+ crown‐like structures in white adipose tissue, although macrophage percentages were unchanged from OB‐Res and lean mice. DIO mice also had decreased splenic CD4+ T cells, elevated serum GM‐CSF, and increased splenic CD11c+ dendritic cells, but impaired dendritic cell stimulatory capacity (P < 0.05 vs. lean controls). These parameters were unaltered in OB‐Res mice versus lean controls.ConclusionsDiet‐induced obesity results in alterations in immune and metabolic profiles that are distinct from effects caused by HFD alone.
Tasting profile affects adoption of caloric beverage reduction in a randomized weight loss intervention
Authors: Turner‐McGrievy G. , Wang X. , Popkin B. , Tate D. F. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine differences in rates of non‐caloric beverage adoption by participants classified as sweet likers (SLs) or sweet dislikers (measured using a behavioural tasting task).MethodsData are a sub‐study from a 6‐month, three‐group, randomized weight loss trial (CHOICE) (body mass index 36.3 ± 5.8 kg m−2, 84% female, aged 42.2 ± 10.9 years, 53% African‐American) comparing the replacement of caloric beverages with either non‐caloric sweetened beverages (diet) or water (water) compared with a control group. This sub‐study, which included participants within the water (n = 106) and diet (n = 103) groups only, examined whether SLs (n = 33 water; n = 37 diet) varied in their adherence to caloric beverage recommendations compared with sweet dislikers (n = 73 water; n = 76 diet) over the 6‐month study.ResultsDiet intake and sweet‐liking data collected on 190 (3 months) and 169 participants (6 months) were used for analysis. The interaction between SL status and beverage group (diet vs. water) approached significance (P = 0.06) at 3 months but not 6 months. Caloric beverage intake (% energy) at 3 months was significantly higher in SLs within the water group (9.7 ± 1.4%) compared with SLs in the diet group (5.4 ± 1.0%, P = 0.03).ConclusionsResults suggest that SL status may affect the rate in reduction of caloric beverages when water is the recommended substitution. Future studies should explore tailoring beverage recommendations to tasting profile.
Factor Analysis of the Community Balance and Mobility Scale in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Takacs Judit , Krowchuk Natasha M. , Goldsmith Charles H. , Hunt Michael A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe clinical assessment of balance is an important first step in characterizing the risk of falls. The Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CB&M) is a test of balance and mobility that was designed to assess performance on advanced tasks necessary for independence in the community. However, other factors that can affect balancing ability may also be present during performance of the real‐world tasks on the CB&M. It is important for clinicians to understand fully what other modifiable factors the CB&M may encompass. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the underlying constructs in the CB&M in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsThis was an observational study, with a single testing session. Participants with knee OA aged 50 years and older completed the CB&M, a clinical test of balance and mobility. Confirmatory factor analysis was then used to examine whether the tasks on the CB&M measure distinct factors. Three a priori theory‐driven models with three (strength, balance, mobility), four (range of motion added) and six (pain and fear added) constructs were evaluated using multiple fit indices.ResultsA total of 131 participants (mean [SD] age 66.3 [8.5] years, BMI 27.3 [5.2] kg m−2) participated. A three‐factor model in which all tasks loaded on these three factors explained 65% of the variance and yielded the most optimal model, as determined using scree plots, chi‐squared values and explained variance. The first factor accounted for 49% of the variance and was interpreted as lower limb muscle strength. The second and third factors were interpreted as mobility and balance, respectively.DiscussionThe CB&M demonstrated the measurement of three distinct factors, interpreted as lower limb strength, balance and mobility, supporting the use of the CB&M with people with knee OA for evaluation of these important factors in falls risk and functional mobility. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improved 15N tracer approach to study denitrification and nitrogen turnover in soil incubations
Authors: Scheer Clemens , Meier Rudolf , Brüggemann Nicolas , Grace Peter R. , Dannenmann Michael 
Published: August 2016

RationaleDenitrification (the reduction of oxidized forms of inorganic nitrogen (N) to N2O and N2) from upland soils is considered to be the least well‐understood process in the global N cycle. The main reason for this lack of understanding is that the terminal product (N2) of denitrification is extremely difficult to measure against the large atmospheric background.MethodsWe describe a system that combines the 15N‐tracer technique with a 40‐fold reduced N2 (2% v/v) atmosphere in a fully automated incubation setup for direct quantification of N2 and N2O emissions. The δ15N values of the emitted N2 and N2O were determined using a custom‐built gas preparation unit that was connected to a DELTA V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The system was tested on a pasture soil from sub‐tropical Australia under different soil moisture conditions and combined with 15N tracing in extractable soil N pools to establish a full N balance.ResultsThe method proved to be highly sensitive for detecting N2 (1.12 μg N h−1 kg−1 dry soil (ds)) and N2O (0.36 μg N h−1 kg−1 ds) emissions. The main end product of denitrification in the investigated soil was N2O for both water contents, with N2 accounting for only 3% to 13% of the total denitrification losses. Between 90 and 95% of the added 15N fertiliser could be recovered in N gases and extractable soil N pools.ConclusionsThe high and N2O‐dominated denitrification rates found in this study are pointing at both the high ecological and the agronomic importance of denitrification in subtropical pasture soils. The new system allows for a direct and highly sensitive detection of N2 and N2O fluxes from soils and may help to significantly improve our mechanistic understanding of N cycling and denitrification in terrestrial agro‐ecosystems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using network analysis to discern compositional patterns in ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry data of dissolved organic matter
Authors: Longnecker Krista , Kujawinski Elizabeth B. 
Published: August 2016

RationaleMarine dissolved organic matter (DOM) has long been recognized as a large and dynamic component of the global carbon cycle. Yet, DOM is chemically varied and complex and these attributes present challenges to researchers interested in addressing questions about the role of DOM in global biogeochemical cycles.MethodsOrganic matter extracts from seawater were analyzed by direct infusion with electrospray ionization into a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Network analysis was used to quantify the number of chemical transformations between mass‐to‐charge values in each sample. The network of chemical transformations was calculated using the MetaNetter plug‐in within Cytoscape. The chemical transformations serve as markers for the shared structural characteristics of compounds within complex DOM.ResultsNetwork analysis revealed that transformations involving selected sulfur‐containing moieties and isomers of amino acids were more prevalent in the deep sea than in the surface ocean. Common chemical transformations were not significantly different between the deep sea and surface ocean. Network analysis complements existing computational tools used to analyze ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry data.ConclusionsThis combination of ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry with novel computational tools has identified new potential building blocks of organic compounds in the deep sea, including the unexpected importance of dissolved organic sulfur components. The method described here can be readily applied by researchers to analyze heterogeneous and complex DOM. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal regulation of planarian eye regeneration
Authors: Deochand Michelle E. , Birkholz Taylor R. , Beane Wendy S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWhile tissue regeneration is typically studied using standard injury models, in nature injuries vary greatly in the amount and location of tissues lost. Planarians have the unique ability to regenerate from many different injuries (including from tiny fragments with no brain), allowing us to study the effects of different injuries on regeneration timelines. We followed the timing of regeneration for one organ, the eye, after multiple injury types that involved tissue loss (single‐ and double‐eye ablation, and decapitation) in Schmidtea mediterranea. Our data reveal that the timing of regeneration remained constant despite changing injury parameters. Optic tissue regrowth, nerve re‐innervation, and functional recovery were similar between injury types (even when the animal was simultaneously regrowing its brain). Changes in metabolic rate (i.e., starving vs. fed regenerates) also had no effect on regeneration timelines. In addition, our data suggest there may exist a role for optic nerve degeneration following eye ablation. Our results suggest that the temporal regulation of planarian eye regeneration is tightly controlled and resistant to variations in injury type.
System identification by operatorial cancellation of nonlinear terms and application to a class of Volterra models
Authors: Casenave C. , Montseny E. , Montseny G. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIn this paper, a method is proposed for the identification of some SISO nonlinear models with two ill‐known components of different nature: a linear (possibly dynamic) part and a static nonlinear one. This method is well adapted when no a priori information is available about the nonlinear component to be identified. It is based on a difference operator, which enables to cancel the nonlinear term when applied to the model. Only the ill‐known linear part remains in the transformed model; it can therefore be identified independently of the nonlinear term. Based on the identified linear component, we have access to a pseudograph of the nonlinear term, whose shape can give precious information for the parameterization of the unknown nonlinear part and its identification. The identification model under consideration is defined in an abstract framework, with very weak hypotheses, so that the proposed approach has a large scope. To highlight the method, a class of dynamic Volterra models including some hybrid models such as dynamic inclusions is considered for application. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of hybrid steel‐glass beams with adhesive silicone shear connection
Authors: Dias Vincent , Odenbreit Christoph 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGlass is used in current construction applications mostly as a façade element, its structural role being only rarely exploited, despite its significant resistance to in‐plane compression. A steel‐glass composite beam was built to investigate a hybrid steel‐glass assembly and its loadbearing behaviour. To fulfil this objective, the existing types of steel‐glass connection were evaluated, which allowed the possibilities offered by adhesive jointing to be highlighted. The selection of the adhesive, detailed in the present article, constituted a crucial aspect. An excessively soft connection does not transfer the shear loads between the glass and steel adherends, whereas an excessively stiff connection leads to failure of the glass. A two‐component structural silicone was chosen and its properties were assessed with the help of an intensive test programme. As a result of this programme, a new quasi‐incompressible hyperelastic material law was developed in order to represent the silicone elastomer behaviour. Numerical simulations were conducted in parallel to large‐scale four‐point bending tests on the adhesively bonded steel‐glass composite beams. The aims were, on the one hand, to assess the bending stiffness of the steel‐glass composite beam and, on the other, to validate the numerical simulations to conduct parametric studies.
Condition monitoring of VFT‐Rail® slab‐track railway bridges
Authors: Pak Daniel , Kopp Maik , Feldmann Markus , Seidl Günter 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn 2010 the VFT‐Rail® system was approved in accordance with CEN and railway standards by Germany's Federal Railway Authority (EBA) for operational testing. The approval was accompanied by a monitoring campaign on a VFT‐Rail® bridge crossing the River Simmerbach. As a result of the positive experience gained during the operation of this bridge, two additional railway bridges were designed by SSF Ingenieure AG and put into service in 2014 by Deutsche Bahn (DB). To survey those bridges, a monitoring programme has been developed and instigated. The monitoring programme includes investigating the stress distribution between the concrete and specially designed composite dowels, which have a better fatigue resistance compared with conventional headed studs. The forces at several rail support points are also a focus of interest. The German railway operator DB Netz AG requested the survey to prove the applicability of state‐of‐the‐art calculation methods, which were not part of compulsory codes.
Hot‐dip galvanized composite dowel strips
Authors: Ungermann Dieter , Holtkamp Svenja , Rademacher Dennis 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper presents additional potential for the future economic development of composite dowel strips by using the durable and long‐lasting corrosion protection of hot‐dip galvanization. Based on the completed FOSTA research project P835 [5] on the use of hot‐dip galvanizing for steel and composite bridge construction, the range of applications for hot‐dip galvanizing will be transferred to composite dowel strips in composite bridges. Following a brief summary of the most important results of the previous project, where the corrosion protection duration and the influence of hot‐dip galvanizing on the fatigue behaviour of steel were examined, the objectives and planned studies of the new research project will be presented. The currently ongoing FOSTA research project P1042 [8] was initiated by RWTH Aachen University and TU Dortmund University. The results should allow the safe use of hot‐dip galvanized composite dowel strips in conjunction with cyclic loads.
Searching for Practically Useful P‐Chirogenic Phosphine Ligands
Authors: Imamoto Tsuneo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this account, the design, synthesis, and application of P‐chirogenic phosphine ligands that have been mainly carried out in our laboratory over the last three decades are described. Various enantiopure P‐chirogenic phosphine ligands have been efficiently prepared by using phosphine boranes as intermediates. Conformationally rigid and electron‐rich P‐chirogenic phosphine ligands possessing C2 symmetry as well as a bulky alkyl group and a small group at the phosphorus atoms exhibit excellent enantioselectivities and catalytic efficiency in a variety of transition‐metal‐catalyzed asymmetric reactions. Enantiopure 2,3‐bis(tert‐butylmethylphosphino)quinoxaline (QuinoxP*) is an air‐stable crystalline solid that shows superior enantioinduction ability in catalytic asymmetric syntheses. Mechanistic studies of Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation using structurally simple P‐chirogenic phosphine ligands, such as tBu‐BisP*, are briefly described.
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Imaging in gynecological disease (11): clinical and ultrasound features of mucinous ovarian tumors
Authors: Moro F. , Zannoni G. F. , Arciuolo D. , Pasciuto T. , Amoroso S. , Mascilini F. , Mainenti S. , Scambia G. , Testa A. C. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo describe the clinical and ultrasound findings in patients with mucinous ovarian tumors.MethodsIn this retrospective study, women with a histological diagnosis of mucinous ovarian tumor who had undergone preoperative ultrasound examination were identified from the database of a single ultrasound center. The histological examination was performed by the same pathologist in all cases, and the ultrasound appearance of the tumors was described using the terms and definitions of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis group.ResultsWe identified 123 women with a histological diagnosis of mucinous ovarian tumor, of whom 57 (46%) had benign cystadenoma, 34 (28%) had gastrointestinal (GI)‐type borderline tumor, 10 (8%) had endocervical‐type borderline tumor and 22 (18%) had GI‐type invasive carcinoma. On ultrasound examination, 65% (37/57) of cystadenomas were multilocular, of which 59% had ≤ 10 locules, and 79% (27/34) of GI‐type borderline tumors were multilocular, of which 89% had > 10 locules. Conversely, 60% (6/10) of endocervical‐type borderline tumors had papillations. Eighty‐two percent (18/22) of invasive masses contained solid components and 55% (12/22) were multilocular‐solid cysts. Bilateral mucinous cystadenomas were found in two women (4% of women with benign tumors) and bilateral borderline tumors of endocervical type in two women (20% of women with borderline tumors of endocervical type). No woman had a bilateral GI‐type borderline tumor or a bilateral invasive tumor.ConclusionsA multilocular cyst with 2–10 locules is representative of a benign cystadenoma, whereas a multilocular cyst with > 10 locules is indicative of a GI‐type borderline tumor. Most invasive tumors of mucinous GI‐type contain solid components, the most typical ultrasound appearance being that of a multilocular‐solid tumor. Papillary projections are typical features of endocervical‐type borderline tumors. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Implementing the INTERGROWTH‐21st fetal growth standards in France: a ‘flash study’ of the College Français d'Echographie Foetale (CFEF)
Authors: Stirnemann J. J. , Fries N. , Bessis R. , Fontanges M. , Mangione R. , Salomon L. J. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess potential differences in fetal size between the French population and the international population from the INTERGROWTH‐21st (IG‐21st) Project and to measure the impact of switching to the IG‐21st reference standards for fetal size.MethodsThis was a nationwide cross‐sectional study of fetal ultrasound biometry. Low‐risk singleton pregnancies were recruited prospectively within the network of the national French College of Fetal Ultrasound, CFEF, over a 6‐week period. Further selection was performed based on the criteria of the IG‐21st Project in order to obtain a comparable population. Head circumference (HC) was used as the main fat‐free skeletal measure of growth for comparison of French fetal size with that of the IG‐21st population. The impact of switching to the IG‐21st fetal growth standards was quantified by comparing Z‐scores calculated using the IG‐21st standards with those calculated using locally derived reference ranges for HC, abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL).ResultsFollowing selection, 4858 cases were analyzed. The distribution of HC demonstrated clear similarity between our French population and the IG‐21st population: our observed centile curves closely matched those of IG‐21st and the Z‐scores were close to 0 across gestational age. The IG‐21st standards performed as well as did locally derived charts in terms of screening for small‐for‐gestational age by AC, while they identified significantly fewer small FL values than were expected and than did the locally derived charts.ConclusionsUnder strict selection criteria, fetal size in France is similar to that of the international population used in the IG‐21st Project. The discrepancies in FL are unlikely to impact on prenatal management. Therefore, switching from locally derived reference ranges to the IG‐21st standards appears to be a safe option. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.