bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The endothelial border to health: Mechanistic evidence of the hyperglycemic culprit of inflammatory disease acceleration
Authors: Hansen Nina Wærling , Hansen Anker Jon , Sams Anette 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe endothelial cell (EC) layer constitutes a barrier that controls movements of fluid, solutes and cells between blood and tissue. Further, the endothelial layer regulates vascular tone and directs local humoral and cellular inflammatory processes. The strategic position makes it an important player for maintenance of health and for development of a number of diseases.Endothelial dysfunction is known to be an important component of type 2 diabetes, but is also assumed to be involved in many other diseases, for example, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, and cardiovascular diseases. We here suggest that the EC plays a pivotal role in disease pathophysiology through initiation, potentiation, and maintenance of several inflammatory mechanisms. Our contention is based on the observation that hyperglycemia—intermittent or sustained, local or systemic—is a major culprit for several endothelial dysfunctions. There is also mounting epidemiological evidence that dietary intake of refined sugars is important for the development of a number of diseases beyond obesity and type 2 diabetes.Various diseases involving inflammatory and immunological components are accelerated by hyperglycemic events because the endothelium transduces “high glucose” signaling into significant pathophysiological phenomena leading to reduced endothelial barrier function, compromised vascular tone regulation and inflammation (e.g., cytokine secretion and RAGE activation). In addition, endothelial extracellular proteins form epitopes for potential specific antibody formation upon interactions with reducing sugars.This paper reviews the endothelial metabolism, biology, inflammatory processes, physical barrier functions, and summarizes evidence that although stochastic in nature, endothelial responses to hyperglycemia are major contributors to disease pathophysiology.We present molecular and mechanistic evidence that both biological and physical barriers, protein function, specific immunity, and inflammatory processes are compromised by hyperglycemic events and thus, hyperglycemic events alone should be considered risk factors for numerous human diseases. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(3):148–161, 2017
Optimization of the composition of mixed entrainer for economic extractive distillation process in view of the separation of tetrahydrofuran/ethanol/water ternary azeotrope
Authors: Zhao Yongteng , Zhao Tingran , Jia Hui , Li Xin , Zhu Zhaoyou , Wang Yinglong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere are three binary azeotropes in the tetrahydrofuran/ethanol/water ternary system at atmospheric pressure. Ternary extractive distillation (ED) processes were studied to separate the ternary azeotropic mixture using two single component solvents and a mixed solvent as entrainer.RESULTBased on the sequential iterative optimization procedure, the minimal total annual costs (TACs) of the ternary extractive distillation process using ethylene glycol (EG), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and the mixture of DMSO and EG as entrainer were obtained. Compared with two single component entrainers DMSO and EG, the TAC of the extractive distillation process with mixed entrainer (60 mol% DMSO + 40 mol% EG) decreases by 6.55% and 31.88%, respectively. Furthermore, the reboiler heat duties of two extractive distillation columns (EDCs) with mixed entrainer were compared with two single component entrainers.CONCLUSIONThe results show that the optimal ED process using mixed entrainer performs better than that using single component entrainers from the perspective of economics. Moreover, there is a tradeoff between the reboiler heat duties of two EDCs, which can be adjusted by changing the entrainer performance in two EDCs. The use of mixed entrainer enhances the flexibility of the tradeoff because it only needs to change the composition of the mixed entrainer. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Conformational energy range of ligands in protein crystal structures: The difficult quest for accurate understanding
Authors: Peach Megan L. , Cachau Raul E. , Nicklaus Marc C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this review, we address a fundamental question: What is the range of conformational energies seen in ligands in protein‐ligand crystal structures? This value is important biophysically, for better understanding the protein‐ligand binding process; and practically, for providing a parameter to be used in many computational drug design methods such as docking and pharmacophore searches. We synthesize a selection of previously reported conflicting results from computational studies of this issue and conclude that high ligand conformational energies really are present in some crystal structures. The main source of disagreement between different analyses appears to be due to divergent treatments of electrostatics and solvation. At the same time, however, for many ligands, a high conformational energy is in error, due to either crystal structure inaccuracies or incorrect determination of the reference state. Aside from simple chemistry mistakes, we argue that crystal structure error may mainly be because of the heuristic weighting of ligand stereochemical restraints relative to the fit of the structure to the electron density. This problem cannot be fixed with improvements to electron density fitting or with simple ligand geometry checks, though better metrics are needed for evaluating ligand and binding site chemistry in addition to geometry during structure refinement. The ultimate solution for accurately determining ligand conformational energies lies in ultrahigh‐resolution crystal structures that can be refined without restraints.
Fifty shades of green: How microfoundations of sustainability dynamic capabilities vary across organizational contexts
Authors: Strauss Karoline , Lepoutre Jan , Wood Geoffrey 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBecause making progress on sustainability‐related challenges will require organizational change for most organizations, understanding sustainability dynamic capabilities is of utmost importance. In this theoretical paper, we aim to identify the microfoundations of such sustainability dynamic capabilities on the one hand but, consistent with recent work in this research stream, we do so in a way that is sensitive to the dynamism of the organizational environment. We propose that the microfoundations of sustainability dynamic capabilities will take different forms in different contexts. We contrast moderately dynamic contexts characterized by frequent yet relatively predictable change with highly dynamic contexts in which changes are rapid and not predictable. Achieving sustainability in these different types of contexts poses different types of challenges, relies on different forms of employee behaviors, and is consequently enabled by different individual‐level characteristics and different organizational practices and processes. Our paper calls for a more serious consideration of context in investigating how employees' behaviors can affect sustainability at the organizational level, and outlines the implications for organizational policy and practice. We explore directions for future interdisciplinary research on sustainability that focuses on individuals and their interactions while also taking the environment within which organizations operate into account.
Effect of fortification of milk with omega‐3 fatty acids, phytosterols and soluble fibre on the sensory, physicochemical and microbiological properties of milk
Authors: Nagarajappa Veena , Battula Surendra Nath 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of the addition of flaxseed oil (FO), phytosterols (PS) and polydextrose (PDX) on the physicochemical and sensory properties of milk was investigated, as they are known to impart health benefits.RESULTSFor incorporating PS, a hydrophobic substance, FO and milk fat (MF) as an oil source, an emulsifier (DATEM) and PDX solution as an aqueous medium were used for the preparation of emulsion. Three emulsion formulations A (8 g PS, 8 g FO, 20 g PDX, 6 g MF), B (10 g PS, 10 g FO, 20 g PDX, 4 g MF) and C (12 g PS, 12 g FO, 20 g PDX, 2 g MF) were prepared and added individually to milk at a level of 50 g kg−1. Based on sensory evaluation, formulation B was selected for fortification of milk. The fortified milk kept well at refrigerated temperature for 1 week, and changes in sensory, physicochemical and microbiological properties were comparable to those of control milk. The level of fortificants did not decrease in the milk after 1 week of storage.CONCLUSIONAn emulsion containing FO, PS and PDX could successfully serve as a potential delivery system for enhancing the nutritional and therapeutic potential of milk. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of calcium and zinc accumulation in cultivated and wild apples
Authors: Liao Liao , Fang Ting , Ma Baiquan , Deng Xianbao , Zhao Li , Han Yuepeng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDApple is one of the staple fruits worldwide which are a good source of mineral nutrients. However, little is known about genetic variation for mineral nutrition in apple germplasm. In this study, the calcium and zinc contents in mature fruits of 378 apple cultivars and 39 wild relatives were assessed. Mineral concentrations were quantified using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS).RESULTSBoth calcium and zinc accumulation showed great variation among accessions tested. Overall, wild fruits were significantly richer in zinc than cultivated fruits, while the average concentration of calcium was similar between cultivated and wild fruits. The difference in zinc concentration between wild and cultivated fruits may be an indirect result of artificial selection on fruit characteristics during apple domestication. Moreover, calcium concentration in fruit showed a decreasing trend throughout fruit development of apple, while zinc concentration in fruit displayed a complex variation pattern in the late stages of fruit development.CONCLUSIONThe finding of a wild genetic variation for fruit calcium and zinc accumulation in apple germplasm could be helpful for future research on genetic dissection and improvement of calcium and zinc accumulation in apple fruit. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of a revised indication for determining adult cochlear implant candidacy
Authors: Sladen Douglas P. , Gifford René H. , Haynes David , Kelsall David , Benson Aaron , Lewis Kristen , Zwolan Teresa , Fu Qian‐Jie , Gantz Bruce , Gilden Jan , Westerberg Brian , Gustin Cindy , O'Neil Lori , Driscoll Colin L. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the use of monosyllabic word recognition versus sentence recognition to determine candidacy and long‐term benefit for cochlear implantation.Study DesignProspective multi‐center single‐subject design.MethodsA total of 21 adults aged 18 years and older with bilateral moderate to profound sensorineural hearing loss and low monosyllabic word scores received unilateral cochlear implantation. The consonant‐nucleus‐consonant (CNC) word test was the central measure of pre‐ and postoperative performance. Additional speech understanding tests included the Hearing in Noise Test sentences in quiet and AzBio sentences in +5 dB signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Quality of life (QoL) was measured using the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit and Health Utilities Index.ResultsPerformance on sentence recognition reached the ceiling of the test after only 3 months of implant use. In contrast, none of the participants in this study reached a score of 80% on CNC word recognition, even at the 12‐month postoperative test interval. Measures of QoL related to hearing were also significantly improved following implantation.ConclusionResults of this study demonstrate that monosyllabic words are appropriate for determining preoperative candidate and measuring long‐term postoperative speech recognition performance.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 127:2368–2374, 2017
Geophysical constraints for organic carbon sequestration capacity of Zostera marina seagrass meadows and surrounding habitats
Authors: Miyajima Toshihiro , Hori Masakazu , Hamaguchi Masami , Shimabukuro Hiromori , Yoshida Goro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTo elucidate the factors determining the organic carbon (OC) sequestration capacity of seagrass meadows, the distribution of OC and the fraction of seagrass‐derived OC in sediments of the temperate cosmopolitan seagrass Zostera marina meadows and surrounding habitats were investigated in relation to physical properties of sedimentary materials. On average, seagrass meadow sediments showed OC levels twofold higher than other shallow nearshore habitats. However, offshore sediments often showed greater OC concentrations than average seagrass meadow sediments. According to estimations of OC sources based on carbon isotope ratios, 8–55% and 14–24% of OC in nonestuarine seagrass meadow sediments and < 30 m deep offshore sediments, respectively, were assigned to seagrass origin. The OC concentration in seagrass meadow and offshore sediments closely correlated to the specific surface area (SSA) of sediment (r2 = 0.816 and 0.755, respectively; p < 0.0001), with an average OC loading per sediment surface area of approximately 60 μmol m−2. In seagrass meadow sediments, the fraction of seagrass‐derived OC was also greater in samples with a larger SSA, and the seagrass‐derived OC occurred preferentially in sediment grains that had a specific gravity exceeding 2.0, namely, in a form closely associated with sediment minerals. The OC concentration, the fraction of seagrass‐derived OC, and the SSA were positively correlated to the logarithm of areal extent of individual seagrass meadows (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that the OC sequestration capacity of nearshore vegetated habitats is under the primary control of geophysical constraints such as sediment supply rate and depositional conditions.
Construction of Light‐Harvesting Polymeric Vesicles in Aqueous Solution with Spatially Separated Donors and Acceptors
Authors: Li Huimei , Liu Yannan , Huang Tong , Qi Meiwei , Ni Yunzhou , Wang Jie , Zheng Yongli , Zhou Yongfeng , Yan Deyue 
Published: February 2017

This communication describes polymer vesicles self‐assembled from hyperbranched polymers (branched polymersomes (BPs)) as scaffolds, conceptually mimicking the natural light‐harvesting system in aqueous solution. The system is constructed with hydrophobic 4‐chloro‐7‐nitro‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (NBD‐Cl) as donors encapsulated in the hydrophobic hyperbranched cores of the vesicles and the hydrophilic Rhodamine B (RB) as acceptors incorporated on the surface of the vesicles through the cyclodextrin (CD)/RB host–guest interactions, through which the donors and acceptors are spatially separated to effectively avoid the self‐quenching between donors. This vesicular light harvesting system has presented good energy transfer efficiency of about 80% in water, and can be used as the ink to write multiclolor letters. In addition, due to the giant dimension of BPs, the real‐time fluorescent images of the vesicles under an optical microscope can be observed to prove the light‐harvesting process. It is supposed that such a vesicular light‐harvesting antenna can be used to construct artificial photosynthesis systems in the future.
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Presenting features and imaging in childhood acute myeloid leukemia with central nervous system involvement
Authors: Ranta Susanna , Palomäki Maarit , Levinsen Mette , Taskinen Mervi , Abrahamsson Jonas , Hasle Henrik , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Heyman Mats , Harila‐Saari Arja ,   on behalf of the Nordic Society of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO)
Published: February 2017

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) involvement in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can manifest as leukemic cells in the cerebrospinal fluid, a solid CNS tumor, or as neurological symptoms. We evaluated the presenting symptoms and neuroimaging findings in 33 of 34 children with AML and CNS involvement at diagnosis in the period 2000–2012 in Sweden, Finland, and Denmark. Imaging was performed in 22 patients, of whom 16 had CNS‐related symptoms. Seven patients, including all but two with facial palsy, had mastoid cell opacification, considered an incidental finding. The frequent involvement of the mastoid bone with facial palsy warrants evaluation in larger series.
A manufacturing cost estimation method with uncertainty analysis and its application to perovskite on glass photovoltaic modules
Authors: Chang Nathan L. , Yi Ho‐Baillie Anita Wing , Basore Paul A. , Young Trevor L. , Evans Rhett , Egan Renate J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractManufacturing cost analysis is becoming an increasingly important tool in the photovoltaics industry to identify research areas that need attention and enable progress towards cost reduction targets. We describe a method to estimate manufacturing cost that is suitable for use during an early stage of technology development, delivering both the manufacturing cost estimate as well as an uncertainty analysis that quickly highlights the opportunities for greatest cost improvement. We apply the technique to three process sequences for the large‐scale production of organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite photovoltaic modules. A process sequence that combines two demonstrated perovskite module sequences is estimated to cost $107/m2 (uncertainty range $87 to 140/m2), comparable with commercial crystalline silicon and cadmium telluride technologies (on a US $/m2 basis). A levelized cost of electricity calculation shows that this perovskite technology would be competitive in 2015 with incumbent photovoltaic technologies if a module power conversion efficiency of 18% and lifetime of 20 years can be achieved. Further analysis shows that even if the cost of the active layers and rear electrode were reduced to zero, a module power conversion efficiency of 18% and lifetime of 20 years would be required to meet the 2020 SunShot levelized cost of electricity targets. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Crystalline Styrene‐b‐(Ethylene‐co‐Butylene)‐b‐Styrene Triblock Copolymers
Authors: Lin Fei , Wu Chunji , Cui Dongmei 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTBy merit of dual catalysis of the cationic rare‐earth complex [(η5‐Flu‐CH2‐Py)Ho(CH2SiMe3)2(THF) (Flu = fluorenyl, Py = pyridyl) for the living polymerizations of butadiene (BD) and styrene (St), the crystalline styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS) triblock copolymers consisting of elastic polybutadiene (PBD) sequences with suitable 1,4 regularity (about 70%) and crystalline syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS, [rrrr] > 99%) sequences were successfully synthesized through sequential addition of St, BD, and St monomers. The catalytic system showed high polymerization activities for St and BD in a controlled manner. The crystalline styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene (SEBS) triblock copolymers were obtained by hydrogenation of the above SBS copolymers. The observation of a strong endothermic peak at 266 °C in their differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves confirmed the existence of the sPS blocks in the crystalline SEBS different from the industrial product Kraton SEBS‐1652. Thermal degradation temperature of the crystalline SEBS (418 ± 2 °C) indicated the well thermostability and process window of this polymer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 55, 1243–1249
The role of TEOS‐TIP within a pentablock ionomer: Morphology, physical properties, and ion transport
Authors: Huang Fei , Zheng Wenjian , Tahmasbi Rad Armin , Nieh Mu‐Ping , Cornelius Chris J. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTInorganic–organic nanocomposites were created using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), titanium isopropoxide (TIP), and poly(t‐butylstyrene‐b‐hydrogenated isoprene‐b‐sulfonated styrene‐b‐hydrogenated isoprene‐b‐t‐butylstyrene) or pentablock copolymer (PBC). A TEOS–TIP–H2O ternary phase diagram was generated to create homogenous sol solutions with designable condensation reactions that led to controllable materials. An inorganic TEOS–TIP network was synthesized using sol–gel chemistry within the organic PBC domain. All TEOS–TIP–PBC films exhibited higher water sorption than unmodified PBC ionomer that was attributed to a change in morphology. Proton conductivity increased up to 80% due to TEOS–TIP within the nanocomposite film. This can be attributed to ion domain redistribution and partial charge transfer from the titanate's inorganic domains to sulfonate groups that promote acid dissociation. PBC had a microphase‐separated morphology that changed with increasing TIP concentration, which was observed from atomic force microscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering results. Finally, thermal gravimetric analysis revealed a decrease in degradation temperature, and dynamic mechanical analysis results demonstrated reduced polymer chain mobility caused by inorganic–organic interactions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 575–586
Novel nanoscale pheromone dispenser for more accurate evaluation of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) attract‐and‐kill strategies in the laboratory
Authors: Czarnobai De Jorge Bruna , Bisotto‐de‐Oliveira Ricardo , Pereira Cláudio Nunes , Sant'Ana Josué 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDNanotechnology has recently allowed the production of formulations for controlled release of active ingredients. In the present study, the electrospinning technique was used to produce nanoscale dispensers for attract‐and‐kill strategies. Non‐woven nanofibres containing insecticide (cypermethrin) and (E)‐8,(Z)‐8‐dodecenyl acetate and (Z)‐8‐dodecanol (0.87 mg L−1), the main components of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Busck) pheromone, were evaluated in laboratory experiments. Male electroantennographic (EAG) responses and mortality (tarsal‐contact and attract‐and‐kill behavioural cages) bioassays were performed for nanofibres (with and without insecticide) exposed for different periods (21, 42, 63 and 84 days) in controlled and non‐exposed conditions.RESULTSThere were no significant differences in G. molesta male EAG responses based on the time of exposure within treatments. Nanofibres with pheromone only and with pheromone plus insecticide elicited equal EAG responses. Mortality in tarsal‐contact bioassays was greater than 87% after exposure for 84 days. In the attract‐and‐kill bioassays, mortality ranged from 28.4 to 56.6%, although no difference was observed on insect mortalities over time (24, 48 and 72 h).CONCLUSIONIncorporation of cypermethrin in nanofibres did not interfere with G. molesta attractiveness. Both aspects of the strategy, the attractant and killing effects, were recorded using innovative nanofibres, and long‐term effects suggest a controlled release of pheromone and insecticide. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry