bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Islam Repositioned - New Agendas in the study of Islam and Muslims in a politicised research field
Authors: Schmidt Garbi , Johansen Birgitte Schepelern , Possing Dorthe Høvids 
Published: December 2016

As Islam and Muslims have become a centre of attention for political discussions, knowledge on Islam and Muslims are increasingly tool for political decision-making. As a consequence, Islamic studies scholars navigate in a highly politicised field when communicating their results; they are frequently positioned as political actors and research results as ideological statements.A central question for researchers within the current debate climate is whether Islamic studies research in Europe and North America is forced into a defensive position by political agendas? How is the current situation contributing to the ongoing formation of academic self-perception and research ideals?Within the public debate, scholars on Islam and Muslims are often described as naively portraying Muslims as victims of Western domination. Hereby, the argument goes, re-searchers disregard potential links between radicalisation, Islam and terrorism. This critique is worth scrutiny and scholarly self reflection, not least to strengthen the methodological and theoretical starting points for further research. Have our scholarly approaches (methodological, theoretical and philosophical) as a consequence that we avoid certain research topics and stress others overtly? Can we communicate our research results to the public without being positioned as part of a specific political agenda? And how can we fulfill our obligation to publicly disseminate sensitive research results and while maintaining access to the empirical field?This special issue of the Journal for the Scientific study of Islam (Tidsskrift for Islam-forskning) includes three articles wtitten by Garbi Schmidt,Christine M. Jacobsen and Thomas Hoffmann. Peter P. Mandaville, co-director of the Center for Global Studies at George Mason’s University, U.S.A. has written the introduction. The three articles are all based on presentations made by the authors at an international seminar hosted by FIFO on May 14th and 15th 2007.As always, the Journal for the Scientific study of Islam also includes a number of book reviews, this time of Christer Hedins Ali Shariatis befrielseteologi. Västerländske inslag i shiitisk revolutionär islam and Philip Halldéns Jihad-orienterad salafism på internet.We hope you will enjoy this special issue of the Journal for the Scientific study of Islam.
From Granting the Right (?!) Answers to Posing Odd Questions: Perspectives on Studying and Presenting Muslim Minorities in a Politicized, Western Context
Authors: Schmidt Garbi 
Published: December 2016

The examples that I draw on are all taken from Denmark; a country where the debate over Islam as a part of (or rather, not a part of) society has been heated for more than a decade, to such an extent that the heat has been “exported” to other parts of the world. The Danish case illustrates several factors central to the problematic analyzed in this volume of Tidsskrift for Islamforskning: the politicization of the research field has extraordinary consequences for research environments and knowledge production, and how we as researchers are perceived by those we portray and those we present to. This issue inevitably leads me to the second point that I believe the e-mail illustrates: that the endeavour of research is attached to the person who carries out the research. Beyond its implications for how we carry out our profession, this issue also – and importantly – shows that the line between person and product is porous. The question I want to focus on is that if we cannot claim detachment from the objects we produce, are we then political agents, do we lack neutrality, and what kind of knowledge and not least reality production do we thus participate in?
Donner de la voix : vocalité et auctorialité dans Toast funèbre
Authors: Thériault Patrick 
Published: December 2016

Excessif sur le plan de la littéralité – par sa densité sémantique, sa complexité syntaxique –, Toast funèbre l’est aussi sur le plan de la vocalité : de tout le corpus mallarméen, aucun autre poème ne semble donner écho à d’aussi nombreuses sources énonciatives, au point d’offrir un concert proprement déconcertant de voix ; fait plus étonnant encore, aucun autre ne semble faire retentir aussi autoritairement, aussi frontalement, la voix du je-poète. Ce bref commentaire « raisonné », qui voudrait aussi et surtout être une lecture résonante, se concentre sur ces faits et effets de voix, en postulant qu’ils concourent finalement à mettre en relief une voix en particulier : celle d’un « Maître » qui ne renvoie toutefois pas tant au dédicataire du poème, Théophile Gautier, qu’à son auteur… Tel serait le principal enjeu symbolique de Toast funèbre : celui d’un « don » poétique à la faveur duquel Mallarmé s’emploierait à promouvoir, à un moment charnière de sa carrière, sa posture d’auteur. En fin d’analyse, le parallèle avec l’autre grand toast des Poésies qu’est Salut, ouvrant à un point de vue comparatif nouveau, distinct de la perspective induite par la référence traditionnelle aux autres tombeaux, permet de préciser les contours idéaux de ce « Maître » mallarméen.
Le chant de l’Ode ou « le Drame, ordinaire à tout éclat vocal » selon Mallarmé
Authors: Bohac Barbara 
Published: December 2016

Contre le cliché d’un Mallarmé penseur du Livre et de la Page imprimée, cet article montre que la lecture à haute voix et la récitation sont au coeur de sa conception de la poésie. Pour Mallarmé, la poésie lyrique, sous sa forme suprême qui est l’Ode, est intimement liée au chant, c’est-à-dire à la voix. Non seulement elle est faite pour être récitée ou chantée, mais le « principe poétique » lui-même est fondé sur les propriétés articulatoires des mots, grâce auxquelles ceux-ci revêtent une couleur, une qualité et un sens particuliers : dès l’origine, le « principe poétique » implique leur réalisation vocale. En faisant jouer entre elles ces facettes des mots actualisées par la voix, le vers acquiert une force évocatoire sans précédent et déploie dans toute sa richesse la signification. La voix est d’autant plus essentielle à l’Ode que cette dernière doit retrouver, par la récitation publique, sa fonction antique : assurer la communion des hommes au sein de la cité. L’Ode « dramatisée ou coupée savamment », dont la pièce en vers de Banville Le Forgeron est donnée pour exemple et qu’illustre aussi une autre pièce annotée par Mallarmé, Florise, se prête particulièrement bien à cette fonction. Les coupes y matérialisent les conflits entre les « attitudes prosodiques » et entre les passions humaines dont elles sont l’expression. Or ces conflits peuvent être tous rapportés, en profondeur, au drame qui sous-tend la condition humaine : la lutte éternelle entre l’ombre et la lumière, le néant et l’être, l’angoisse et la joie. L’Ode, en inscrivant le drame dans la prosodie en vue de sa manifestation par la voix, peut faire communier les hommes dans la conscience de leur condition. Elle devient ainsi la forme privilégiée de la célébration au coeur de la Cité.
A new strategy for earthquake focal mechanisms using waveform‐correlation‐derived relative polarities and cluster analysis: Application to the 2014 Long Valley Caldera earthquake swarm
Authors: Shelly David R. , Hardebeck Jeanne L. , Ellsworth William L. , Hill David P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn microseismicity analyses, reliable focal mechanisms can typically be obtained for only a small subset of located events. We address this limitation here, presenting a framework for determining robust focal mechanisms for entire populations of very small events. To achieve this, we resolve relative P and S wave polarities between pairs of waveforms by using their signed correlation coefficients—a by‐product of previously performed precise earthquake relocation. We then use cluster analysis to group events with similar patterns of polarities across the network. Finally, we apply a standard mechanism inversion to the grouped data, using either catalog or correlation‐derived P wave polarity data sets. This approach has great potential for enhancing analyses of spatially concentrated microseismicity such as earthquake swarms, mainshock‐aftershock sequences, and industrial reservoir stimulation or injection‐induced seismic sequences. To demonstrate its utility, we apply this technique to the 2014 Long Valley Caldera earthquake swarm. In our analysis, 85% of the events (7212 out of 8494 located by Shelly et al. []) fall within five well‐constrained mechanism clusters, more than 12 times the number with network‐determined mechanisms. Of the earthquakes we characterize, 3023 (42%) have magnitudes smaller than 0.0. We find that mechanism variations are strongly associated with corresponding hypocentral structure, yet mechanism heterogeneity also occurs where it cannot be resolved by hypocentral patterns, often confined to small‐magnitude events. Small (5–20°) rotations between mechanism orientations and earthquake location trends persist when we apply 3‐D velocity models and might reflect a geometry of en echelon, interlinked shear, and dilational faulting.
Mechanofluorochromic Behaviors of Salicylaldimine Difluoroboron Complexes
Authors: Yang Hao , Ye Kaiqi , Sun Jingbo , Gong Peng , Lu Ran 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe have synthesized a series of salicylaldimine difluoroboron complexes that contain carbazole moieties. Substituents on the carbazole and on the benzene rings of the salicylaldimine moiety influenced the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) emissions of these complexes. Interestingly, the synthesized difluoroboron complexes emitted strong light in the solid state under UV irradiation and exhibited reversible mechanofluorochromism behavior. The emission of a pristine sample of 3‐[4‐(3,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl]‐2,2‐difluoro‐2H‐2λ4,3λ4‐benzo[e][1,3,2]oxazaborinine (TCH) at 488 nm redshifted to 571 nm upon grinding, and the ground powder exhibited an orange emission. Fuming with dichloromethane (DCM) or heating at 200 °C for 2 min led to the recovery of the original solid state that emitted a bluish‐green light. XRD patterns illustrate that the mechanofluorochromism features are reasonable for the transformation between the crystalline and amorphous states.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Preparation of Copper(I) Oxide Nanocubes: High Catalytic Activity in the Synthesis of Quinazolines
Authors: Raut Amol B. , Tiwari Abhishek R. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA facile and green ultrasound‐assisted synthesis of Cu2O nanocubes at room temperature is presented. The Cu2O nanocubes were characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry with thermogravimetric analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. The Cu2O nanocubes were employed as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst and were found to be highly active in the preparation of quinazolines by the tandem cyclization of 2‐bromobenzaldehydes with amidines under ligand‐free conditions. Various quinazolines could be prepared in excellent yields within a very short reaction time. Furthermore, the Cu2O nanocatalyst could be recycled and reused up to four times without any significant loss of catalytic activity.
Syngas to Chemicals: The Incorporation of Aldehydes into Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Ordomsky Vitaly V. , Khodakov Andrei Y. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSyngas is an important intermediate for the synthesis of chemicals and fuels; it can be produced from renewable and fossil feedstocks. Syngas conversion on Fe catalysts results mostly in linear paraffins, olefins, and oxygenates. In the produced olefins or oxygenates, the functional groups or double bonds are always located in the hydrocarbon α‐position. The yield of nonlinear functionalized hydrocarbons or chemical compounds with secondary and tertiary functional groups is low. In this paper direct synthesis of diverse functionalized and branched hydrocarbons in the Fischer–Tropsch reaction is explored by the cofeeding aldehydes to syngas; the added aldehydes initiate surface polymerization. Quantitative stoichiometric incorporation of aldehydes in the growing hydrocarbon chain was observed. The hydrocarbons that contain incorporated aldehyde fragments exhibit an Anderson–Schulz–Flory distribution similar to that from conventional Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.
Ruthenium Catalysts Supported by Amino‐Substituted N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands for Olefin Metathesis of Challenging Substrates
Authors: César Vincent , Zhang Yin , Kośnik Wioletta , Zieliński Adam , Rajkiewicz Adam A. , Ruamps Mirko , Bastin Stéphanie , Lugan Noël , Lavigne Guy , Grela Karol 
Published: December 2016

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands IMes
and IMes
derived from the well‐known IMes ligand by substituting the carbenic heterocycle with one and two dimethylamino groups, respectively, were employed for the synthesis of second‐generation Grubbs‐ and Grubbs–Hoveyda‐type ruthenium metathesis precatalysts. Whereas the stability of the complexes was found to depend on the degree of dimethylamino‐substitution and on the type of complex, the backbone‐substitution was shown to have a positive impact on their catalytic activity in ring‐closing metathesis, with a more pronounced effect in the second‐generation Grubbs‐type series. The new complexes were successfully implemented in a number of challenging olefin metathesis reactions leading to the formation of tetra‐substituted C=C double bonds and/or functionalized compounds.
“Click” on Alkynylated Carbon Quantum Dots: An Efficient Surface Functionalization for Specific Biosensing and Bioimaging
Authors: Gao Ming Xuan , Yang Lin , Zheng Yi , Yang Xiao Xi , Zou Hong Yan , Han Jing , Liu Ze Xi , Li Yuan Fang , Huang Cheng Zhi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSurface functionalization is an essential pre requisite for wide and specific applications of nanoparticles such as photoluminescent (PL) carbon quantum dots (CQDs), but it remains a major challenge. In this report, alkynylated CQDs, prepared from carboxyl‐rich CQDs through amidation with propargylamine in the presence of 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole, were modified efficiently with azido molecular beacon DNA through a copper(I)‐catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC). As a proof‐of‐concept, the DNA‐modified CQDs are then bonded with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, 5 nm) through a gold–sulfur bond. Owing to the emission enhancement, this complex can then be applied to the recognition of a single‐base‐ mismatched target. The same functionalizing strategy applied to click the alkynylated CQDs with a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) peptide showed that the NLS‐modified CQDs could target the nuclei specifically. These results indicate that surface functionalization of CQDs through a nonstoichiometric copper chalcogenide nanocrystal‐ (nsCuCNC‐) catalyzed click reaction is efficient, and has significant potential in the fields of biosensing and bioimaging.
Ammonothermal Synthesis of Novel Nitrides: Case Study on CaGaSiN3
Authors: Häusler Jonas , Neudert Lukas , Mallmann Mathias , Niklaus Robin , Kimmel Anna‐Carina L. , Alt Nicolas S. A. , Schlücker Eberhard , Oeckler Oliver , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe first gallium‐containing nitridosilicate CaGaSiN3 was synthesized in newly developed high‐pressure autoclaves using supercritical ammonia as solvent and nitriding agent. The reaction was conducted in an ammonobasic environment starting from intermetallic CaGaSi with NaN3 as a mineralizer. At 770 K, intermediate compounds were obtained, which were subsequently converted to the crystalline nitride at temperatures up to 1070 K (70–150 MPa). The impact of other mineralizers (e.g., LiN3, KN3, and CsN3) on the product formation was investigated as well. The crystal structure of CaGaSiN3 was analyzed by powder X‐ray diffraction and refined by the Rietveld method. The structural results were further corroborated by transmission electron microscopy, 29Si MAS‐NMR, and first‐principle DFT calculations. CaGaSiN3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmc21 (no. 36) with lattice parameters a=9.8855(11), b=5.6595(1), c=5.0810(1) Å, (Z=4, Rwp=0.0326), and is isostructural with CaAlSiN3 (CASN). Eu2+ doped samples exhibit red luminescence with an emission maximum of 620 nm and FWHM of 90 nm. Thus, CaGaSiN3:Eu2+ also represents an interesting candidate as a red‐emitting material in phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs). In addition to the already known substitution of alkaline‐earth metals in (Ca,Sr)AlSiN3:Eu2+, inclusion of Ga is a further and promising perspective for luminescence tuning of widely used red‐emitting CASN type materials.
How do two specialist butterflies determine growth and biomass of a shared host plant?
Authors: Hashimoto Koya , Ohgushi Takayuki 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAlthough insect herbivory can modify subsequent quantity and quality of their host plants, change in plant quantity following herbivory has received less attention than plant quality. In particular, little is known about how previous herbivore damage determines plant growth and biomass in an insect species‐specific manner. We explored whether herbivore species‐specific food demand influences plant growth and biomass. To do this, we conducted a series of experiments and field survey using two specialist butterflies, Sericinus montela and Atrophaneura alcinous, and their host plant, Aristolochia debilis. It is known that A. alcinous larva requires four times more food resources to fulfill its development than S. montela larva. Despite that A. alcinous larvae imposed greater damage on plants than S. montela larvae, plant growth did not differ due to herbivory by these species both in single and multiple herbivory events. On the other hand, total aboveground biomass of the plants was reduced more by A. alcinous than S. montela feeding regardless of the number of herbivory events. Feeding on plants with a history of previous herbivory neither decreased nor increased larval growth. Our results suggest that food demand of the two butterfly species determined subsequent plant biomass, although the plant response may depend on tolerance of the host plant (i.e., ability to compensate for herbivore damage). Such difference in the effects of different herbivore species on host plant biomass is more likely to occur than previously thought, because food demand differs in most herbivore species sharing a host plant.
Genetic Counselor Practices Involving Pediatric Patients with FAP: an Investigation of their Self‐Reported Strategies for Genetic Testing and Hepatoblastoma Screening
Authors: Lawson Caitlin E. , Attard Thomas M. , Dai Hongying , Septer Seth 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFamilial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a cancer predisposition syndrome that causes early‐onset polyposis and is associated with an increased risk for hepatoblastoma. There is currently a lack of consensus on when to order APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) gene testing or implement surveillance for hepatoblastoma. An online questionnaire was completed by 62 genetic counselors to capture their current practices regarding these questions. Extracolonic findings associated with FAP that were most likely to prompt APC testing in an otherwise asymptomatic 10 year‐old child with a negative family history were multiple desmoid tumors, congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE), jaw osteomas, and hepatoblastoma. For hepatoblastoma screening, the majority did recommend this in children less than age five years with known APC mutations. An interval of every 3–6 months was most commonly suggested; however, responses extended to screening on a less than annual basis. These results highlight the need for further investigation into why some genetic counselors do not recommend APC testing in young at‐risk children and what factors influence views about the ideal age and indication for APC testing. Studies of these issues would help to define the best clinical practice model for genetic testing and hepatoblastoma screening in pediatric patients with FAP.
Modification of Nonionic Vesicles by Adding Decanol and Functional Lanthanide Ions
Authors: Selivanova Natalia M. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Romanova Ksenia A. , Galyametdinov Yuriy G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractColloid systems modified by luminescent ions in situ are highly attractive for the design of new molecular architectures and adaptable for monitoring and visualizing soft drug delivery systems. This paper presents original results on the characterization of the self‐organization process and the structure of vesicles formed by tetraethylene glycol monodecyl ether (C12EO4) in the presence of lanthanide ions and decanol additives. Detailed characterization of surface activity, aggregation properties and microstructure of individual and mixed aggregates has been carried out based on surface tension, electron microscopy, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, dynamic light scattering analysis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The small‐angle scattering results in combination with quantum‐chemical calculations assume the multishell vesicle formation in C12EO4/C10H21OH/H2O media. In the C12EO4 solution the presence of Ln(III) ions and decanol initiate the formation of multilamellar vesicles with a size of about 100 nm. The luminescence analysis of the Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes has shown the efficient solubilization in the C12EO4/C10H21OH/H2O vesicles, which leads to increase in the lifetime. The resulting outcome is the possibility to control micro and macro properties of a molecular organized system to give it the desired functionality.
Characteristics and clinical use of ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials for evaluating paediatric candidates for cochlear implants
Authors: Xu X-D , Hu J , Zhang Q , Zhang Y , Zhang X-T , Chen Y-F , Xu M 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to define the characteristics and use of ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials for evaluating paediatric cochlear implant candidates.Methods:Ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials of 34 paediatric cochlear implant candidates were analysed. All patients also underwent a routine audiological examination, including computed tomography.Results:In all, 27 patients with normal inner-ear structures had absent or impaired vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses. In paediatric candidates with inner-ear malformations, ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials had lower thresholds and higher amplitudes. Vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses in this cohort were classified into three groups. There was significant concordance between vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and temporal bone computed tomography findings.Conclusion:Ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential waveforms were different in paediatric candidates with normal and abnormal inner-ear structures. Therefore, vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses can indicate temporal bone structure.
The role of symptomatic presentation in influenza A transmission risk
Authors: WARDELL R. , PREM K. , COWLING B. J. , COOK A. R. 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYComputer models can be useful in planning interventions against novel strains of influenza. However such models sometimes make unsubstantiated assumptions about the relative infectivity of asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, or conversely assume there is no impact at all. Using household-level data from known-index studies of virologically confirmed influenza A infection, the relationship between an individual's infectiousness and their symptoms was quantified using a discrete-generation transmission model and Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. It was found that the presence of particular respiratory symptoms in an index case does not influence transmission probabilities, with the exception of child-to-child transmission where the donor has phlegm or a phlegmy cough.