bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation dose distribution in the teeth, maxilla, and mandible of patients with oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal tumors who were treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Parahyba Cláudia Joffily , Ynoe Moraes Fábio , Ramos Pedro Augusto Minorim , Haddad Cecília Maria Kalil , da Silva João Luis Fernandes , Fregnani Eduardo Rodrigues 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of the intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) dose delivered to the teeth, maxilla, and mandible.MethodsThe mean dose (Dmean) and maximum dose (Dmax) of radiation for the maxilla, mandible, and teeth of 63 patients with oropharyngeal (n = 44) or nasopharyngeal (n = 19) tumors were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsThe posterior regions of the mandible received the highest doses, and the teeth received lower doses than the bones (maximum dose, p < .001; average dose, p < .001). The Dmax (p < .001) and Dmean (p < .001) depended on primary tumor location. The superior bones and teeth of patients with nasopharyngeal tumors received more radiation than those of patients with oropharyngeal tumors.ConclusionA dose distribution map was generated based on the estimated doses received, which could allow prediction of the areas most affected by radiation and facilitate further correlations with dental complications after radiotherapy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708–1716, 2016
Retroreflective‐type Janus microspheres as a novel contrast agent for enhanced optical coherence tomography
Authors: Zhang Jian , Liu Jing , Wang Li‐Mei , Li Zhi‐Yuan , Yuan Zhen 
Published: May 2016

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a well‐developed technology that utilizes near‐infrared light to reconstruct three‐dimensional images of biological tissues with micrometer resolution. Improvements of the imaging contrast of the OCT technique are able to further widen its extensive biomedical applications. In this study, Janus microspheres were developed and used as a positive contrast agent for enhanced OCT imaging. Phantom and ex vivo liver tissue experiments as well as in vivo animal tests were conducted, which validated that Janus microspheres, as a novel type of OCT tracer, were very effective in improving the OCT imaging contrast.
Working principle and SEM image of Janus microsphere (top). Enhanced OCT imaging (bottom) of Janus microspheres in zebrafish stomach (blue dash line) and sinusoids (green arrows) of nude liver.magnified imageWorking principle and SEM image of Janus microsphere (top). Enhanced OCT imaging (bottom) of Janus microspheres in zebrafish stomach (blue dash line) and sinusoids (green arrows) of nude liver.
Sonographic appearance of a cesarean scar pregnancy with placenta percreta invading the bladder in the first trimester and management with fertility preservation
Authors: Rebarber Andrei , Varrey Aneesha , Scherr Doug , Fox Nathan , Sassoon Robert , Ciorica Doina , Saltzman Daniel 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA 36‐year‐old, gravida 8, para 6, woman with six prior cesarean sections presented at 6 weeks with a cesarean scar pregnancy. Medical management was performed initially; however, subsequent three‐dimensional sonographic examinations revealed trophoblastic invasion into the bladder. This led to robotic‐assisted partial cystectomy, fulguration of invaded pregnancy, and repair of the uterine defect. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:163–167, 2017
Effects of Substrate Size and Orientation on Quadrupedal Gait Kinematics in Mouse Lemurs (Microcebus murinus)
Authors: Shapiro Liza J. , Kemp Addison D. , Young Jesse W. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTAs the smallest living primate, the mouse lemur is a suitable model for reconstructing the locomotor mechanisms by which primate ancestors might have responded to the challenges of an arboreal environment. In this study, we tested the effects of substrate diameter and orientation on quadrupedal gait kinematics in mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus). Mouse lemurs highly preferred asymmetrical to symmetrical gaits as they moved across a flat board and poles of three diameters (2.5, 1.0, and 0.5 cm), set at horizontal, 30° inclined, and 30° declined orientations. During symmetrical gaits, mouse lemurs used diagonal sequence walking and ambling gaits on the same substrates and at the same duty factors for which some similarly sized nonprimate mammals use lateral sequence gaits, suggesting that reliance on diagonal sequence walking in primates may not be explicitly a response to body size relative to substrate diameter. When using asymmetrical gaits, kinematic adjustments to small diameter and/or nonhorizontal substrates included a preference for transverse gallops over other gaits, the avoidance of whole‐body suspensions, increases in limb contact duration, and increases in the time interval between the landing of trailing and leading limbs. All of these adjustments are consistent with increasing locomotor stability by dampening center of mass movements and reducing the forces imparted to the substrate. Like mouse lemurs, small‐bodied ancestral primates likely used symmetrical gaits occasionally, but more frequently used asymmetrical gaits that were adjusted in response to challenging substrates. Therefore, asymmetrical gait dynamics should be incorporated into hypotheses addressing early primate locomotor evolution.
A clinical audit of anatomical side marker use in a paediatric medical imaging department
Authors: Barry Kate , Kumar Saravana , Linke Rebecca , Dawes Emma 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe gold standard in general radiography is to place a radiopaque anatomical side marker in the field of view for each radiographic image prior to exposure. The advent of digital radiography has allowed for anatomical side markers to be digitally added to films as part of post‐processing. The aim of this audit was to identify whether general X‐ray images performed in a tertiary Women's and Children's Hospital were being appropriately annotated with a definitive side marker, and to identify factors that may contribute to inappropriately labelled images.MethodsFour hundred images from 201 patients’ examinations occurring within a randomly selected time period were assessed to ascertain whether radiographic anatomical side markers were visible when images were viewed via the hospitals main viewing platform. The audit occurred in January 2014. The scope included both mobile and in‐department general X‐ray examinations, with the patient age range extending from 1 day to 18 years.ResultsOf the 400 images evaluated, 88 (22%) were found to have a lead marker that matched the anatomy being imaged within the primary beam; 289 (72.3%) images contained a correct digital marker inserted as part of the post‐processing of the image. In total, 377 (94.2%) images were appropriately marked. Of the 23 (5.8%) images not marked correctly, 22 images had no marker and 1 was incorrectly marked with a digital marker. There was a noticeable relationship between absent anatomical markers and chest X‐rays performed outside of the medical imaging department.ConclusionsWhile it is encouraging that the majority of the images assessed were correctly annotated, with only a small number of missing markers, there are opportunities for further improvement. The audit findings suggest that reduced access to lead markers influences marker use. Strategies that may improve compliance at an individual level include distribution of personalised anatomical side markers, and targeted staff education sessions. At a department level, regular audits and monitoring should be encouraged.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder in aesthetic rhinoplasty: Validating a new screening tool
Authors: Lekakis Garyfalia , Picavet Valerie A. , Gabriëls Loes , Grietens Jente , Hellings Peter W. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo validate a new screening tool for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in patients seeking aesthetic rhinoplasty.Study DesignWe performed a prospective instrument validation study in an academic rhinology clinic.MethodsThe Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire–Aesthetic Surgery (BDDQ‐AS) is a seven‐item short questionnaire validated in 116 patients undergoing aesthetic rhinoplasty. Screening was positive if the patient acknowledged on the BDDQ‐AS that he/she was concerned about their appearance (question 1 = yes) AND preoccupied with these concerns (question 2 = yes) AND that these concerns caused at least moderate distress or impairment in different domains of daily life (question 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 ≥ 3 or question 7 = yes). Construct validity was assessed by comparing the BDDQ‐AS to the Sheehan Disability Scale and the Derriford Appearance Scale‐59. To determine concurrent validity, the BDDQ‐AS was compared to the Yale‐Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for BDD. Finally, the predictive value of the BDDQ‐AS on satisfaction 12 months after rhinoplasty was evaluated using a visual analogue scale and the Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation.ResultsReliability of the BDDQ‐AS was adequate, with Cronbach alpha = .83 for rhinoplasty patients and .84 for controls. Sensitivity was 89.6% and specificity 81.4%. BDDQ‐AS–positive patients (n = 55) were more impaired in daily life and experienced more appearance‐related distress and dysfunction compared to BDDQ‐AS–negative patients. Moreover, they had more severe BDD symptoms. Finally, BDDQ‐AS–positive patients were less satisfied after surgery compared to BDDQ‐AS–negative patients.ConclusionsWe hereby validated a new screening tool for BDD in an aesthetic rhinoplasty population.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 126:1739–1745, 2016
Fast‐Track, One‐Step E. coli Detection: A Miniaturized Hydrogel Array Permits Specific Direct PCR and DNA Hybridization while Amplification
Authors: Beyer Antje , Pollok Sibyll , Rudloff Anne , Cialla‐May Dana , Weber Karina , Popp Jürgen 
Published: May 2016

A timesaving and convenient method for bacterial detection based on one‐step, one‐tube deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization on hydrogel array while target gene amplification is described. The hydrogel array is generated by a fast one‐pot synthesis, where N,N′‐dimethylacrylamide/polyethyleneglycol(PEG1900)‐bisacrylamide mixture polymerizes via radical photoinitiation by visible light within 20 min concomitant with in situ capture probe immobilization. These DNA‐functionalized hydrogel droplets arrayed on a planar glass surface are placed in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mixture during the thermal amplification cycles. The bacterial cells can be implemented in a direct PCR reaction, omitting the need for prior template DNA extraction. The resulting fluorescence signal is immediately detectable after the end of the PCR (1 h) following one short washing step by microscopy. Therefore a valid signal can be reached within 1.5 h including 10 min for pipetting and placement of the tubes and chips. The performance of this novel hydrogel DNA array was successfully proven with varying cell numbers down to a limit of 101Escherichia coli cells.
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Palladium Catalysts Based on Mesoporous Organic Materials in Semihydrogenation of Alkynes
Authors: Boronoev Maksim P. , Zolotukhina Anna V. , Ignatyeva Victoria I. , Terenina Maria V. , Maximov Anton L. , Karakhanov Eduard A. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryCatalyst based on palladium nanoparticles and poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimers immobilized on mesoporous phenol‐formaldehyde support was synthesized. Catalytic characteristics were evaluated in the hydrogenation of 1‐octyne, 4‐octyne, and 1‐hexyne. High selectivity for alkenes (up to 99%) was achieved. Synthesized hybrid catalyst can be recycled without a loss of activity and additional regeneration.
Simultaneous multislice magnetic resonance fingerprinting (SMS‐MRF) with direct‐spiral slice‐GRAPPA (ds‐SG) reconstruction
Authors: Ye Huihui , Cauley Stephen F. , Gagoski Borjan , Bilgic Berkin , Ma Dan , Jiang Yun , Du Yiping P. , Griswold Mark A. , Wald Lawrence L. , Setsompop Kawin 
Published: May 2016

PurposeTo develop a reconstruction method to improve SMS‐MRF, in which slice acceleration is used in conjunction with highly undersampled in‐plane acceleration to speed up MRF acquisition.MethodsIn this work two methods are employed to efficiently perform the simultaneous multislice magnetic resonance fingerprinting (SMS‐MRF) data acquisition and the direct‐spiral slice‐GRAPPA (ds‐SG) reconstruction. First, the lengthy training data acquisition is shortened by employing the through‐time/through‐k‐space approach, in which similar k‐space locations within and across spiral interleaves are grouped and are associated with a single set of kernel. Second, inversion recovery preparation (IR prepped), variable flip angle (FA), and repetition time (TR) are used for the acquisition of the training data, to increase signal variation and to improve the conditioning of the kernel fitting.ResultsThe grouping of k‐space locations enables a large reduction in the number of kernels required, and the IR‐prepped training data with variable FA and TR provide improved ds‐SG kernels and reconstruction performance. With direct‐spiral slice‐GRAPPA, tissue parameter maps comparable to that of conventional MRF were obtained at multiband (MB) = 3 acceleration using t‐blipped SMS‐MRF acquisition with 32‐channel head coil at 3 Tesla (T).ConclusionsThe proposed reconstruction scheme allows MB = 3 accelerated SMS‐MRF imaging with high‐quality T1, T2, and off‐resonance maps, and can be used to significantly shorten MRF acquisition and aid in its adoption in neuro‐scientific and clinical settings. Magn Reson Med 77:1966–1974, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Noninvasive detection of enzyme activity in tumor models of human ovarian cancer using catalyCEST MRI
Authors: Sinharay Sanhita , Randtke Edward A. , Jones Kyle M. , Howison Christine M. , Chambers Setsuko K. , Kobayashi Hisataka , Pagel Mark D. 
Published: May 2016

PurposeWe proposed to detect the in vivo enzyme activity of γ‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) within mouse models of human ovarian cancers using catalyCEST MRI with a diamagnetic CEST agent.MethodsA CEST‐FISP MRI protocol and a diamagnetic CEST agent were developed to detect GGT enzyme activity in biochemical solution. A quantitative Michaelis‐Menten enzyme kinetics study was performed to confirm that catalyCEST MRI can measure enzyme activity. In vivo catalyCEST MRI studies generated pixel‐wise activity maps of GGT activities. Ex vivo fluorescence imaging was performed for validation.ResultsCatalyCEST MRI selectively detected two CEST signals from a single CEST agent, whereby one CEST signal was responsive to GGT enzyme activity and the other CEST signal was an unresponsive control signal. The comparison of these CEST signals facilitated in vivo catalyCEST MRI studies that detected high GGT activity in OVCAR‐8 tumors, low GGT activity in OVCAR‐3 tumors, and low or no GGT activity in muscle tissues.ConclusionCatalyCEST MRI with a diamagnetic CEST agent can detect the level of GGT enzyme activity within in vivo tumor models of human ovarian cancers. Magn Reson Med 77:2005–2014, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
International clinimetric evaluation of the MG‐QOL15, resulting in slight revision and subsequent validation of the MG‐QOL15r
Authors: Burns Ted M. , Sadjadi Reza , Utsugisawa Kimiaki , Gwathmey Kelly G. , Joshi Amruta , Jones Sarah , Bril Vera , Barnett Carolina , Guptill Jeffrey T. , Sanders Donald B. , Hobson‐Webb Lisa , Juel Vern C. , Massey Janice , Gable Karissa L , Silvestri Nicholas J. , Wolfe Gil , Cutter Gary , Nagane Yuriko , Murai Hiroyuki , Masuda Masayuki , Farrugia Maria Elena , Carmichael Caroline , Birnbaum Simone , Hogrel Jean‐Yves , Nafissi Shahriar , Fatehi Farzad , Ou Changyi , Liu Weibin , Conaway Mark 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The MG‐QOL15 is a validated, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) measure for myasthenia gravis (MG). Widespread use of the scale gave us the opportunity to further analyze its clinimetric properties. Methods: We first performed Rasch analysis on >1,300 15‐item Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life scale (MG‐QOL15) completed surveys. Results were discussed during a conference call with specialists and biostatisticians. We decided to revise 3 items and prospectively evaluate the revised scale (MG‐QOL15r) using either 3, 4, or 5 responses. Rasch analysis was then performed on >1,300 MG‐QOL15r scales. Results: The MGQOL15r performed slightly better than the MG‐QOL15. The 3‐response option MG‐QOL15r demonstrated better clinimetric properties than the 4‐ or 5‐option scales. Relative distributions of item and person location estimates showed good coverage of disease severity. Conclusions: The MG‐QOL15r is now the preferred HRQOL instrument for MG because of improved clinimetrics and ease of use. This revision does not negate previous studies or interpretations of results using the MG‐QOL15. Muscle Nerve 54: 1015–1022, 2016
A kinematic hardening based model for unsaturated soils considering different hydraulic conditions
Authors: Maleki Mohammad , Pouyan Hassan 
Published: May 2016

SummaryAt present, several of the existing elastoplastic constitutive models are adapted for describing the stress–strain behavior of unsaturated soils. However, most of them present certain limitations in this field. These limitations can be related to the basic model and/or added unsaturated state variables and formulations. In this regard, inability to model the hydro‐mechanical behavior in constant water (CW) conditions is an example of these limitations. In this paper, an advanced version of CJS model is selected for adaptation to the unsaturated states. Adaptation to unsaturated states is achieved in the framework of effective stress approach. Effective stress equation and unsaturated state variables are selected based on the recent research existing in the literature. The developed model is capable of describing the complex behavior of unsaturated soil in the CW condition in addition to predicting the behavior at failure and post–failure, nonlinear elastoplastic behavior at low levels of stress and strain (by selecting a very small elastic domain), as well as wetting and collapse behaviors. In order to validate the model, results of triaxial tests in CD and CW conditions are used. The validation results indicate the good capability of the proposed model. Behavior of the unsaturated soils during wetting is an important issue. For this reason, the model is also evaluated based on the results of wetting and collapse triaxial tests. A comparison between the tests and simulation results shows that the model is able to predict the soil behavior under the wetting path. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy and pregnancy outcomes of laparoscopic single sheet mesh sacrohysteropexy
Authors: Pandeva Ivilina , Mistry Minesh , Fayyad Abdalla 
Published: May 2016

AimsTo evaluate outcomes following laparoscopic single sheet mesh sacrohysteropexy for the management of uterine prolapse.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐nine women underwent the procedure between August 2010 and August 2014. One hundred and forty‐four patients completed the follow up assessment. At each visit, the prolapse symptoms were assessed using the prolapse quality‐of‐life (P‐QOL) questionnaire and objectively with the use of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POPQ) score. The subjective outcomes were also evaluated with the use of the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGII) questionnaires. Perioperative complications and further surgery for prolapse were evaluated. Women who conceived following the procedure were evaluated for pregnancy outcomes and prolapse recurrence.ResultsPre‐operatively, 85% (135/159) had uterine prolapse ≥ stage 2. Postoperatively, 95.1% (137/144) of women had anatomical success rate defined as stage 0 uterine descent. Eighty‐two percent (118/144) of women reported cure of prolapse symptoms and feeling “much better” or “very much better” on postoperative PGII assessment. Eight women (5%) became pregnant following the laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy‐ seven had full term pregnancies and one had a miscarriage. Six out of the seven (86%) had stage 0 apical prolapse and PGII of “much better” at 6 months postpartum. One patient had symptomatic prolapse recurrence and underwent perineorrhaphy at 3 years.ConclusionLaparoscopic single sheet mesh sacrohysteropexy is associated with subjective and objective improvement in prolapse symptoms and QoL that is maintained up to 48 months. Laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy can be offered to women desiring future fertility; however, further research is needed to advise on best surgical approach in women of childbearing age. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:787–793, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. Neurourology and Urodynamics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemerin activation in human obesity
Authors: Chang Shwu‐Shin , Eisenberg Dan , Zhao Lei , Adams Christopher , Leib Ryan , Morser John , Leung Lawrence 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveChemerin is an inflammatory adipokine, whose activity is regulated by successive proteolytic cleavages at its C‐terminus. It is secreted as an inactive precursor (chem163S); cleavage at Lys158 converts it to chem158K with modest activity. Chem157S is the most potent form and chem155A is inactive. The aim of this study was to determine if chemerin was activated in samples from patients with obesity.MethodsUsing specific ELISAs for different chemerin forms and a pan‐chemerin ELISA, chemerin forms in human obesity were characterized.ResultsPlasma chemerin from patients with obesity (BMI 44.3 ± 1.3 kg/m2, n = 29) was significantly higher than in lean controls (BMI 20.9 ± 0.7 kg/m2, n = 10) (160 ± 11 vs. 76.2 ± 5.5 ng/mL, respectively, P < 0.0001). This increase in chemerin was due to increased previously unattributed chemerin, with further C‐terminal truncation demonstrated by mass spectrometry, accounting for ∼35% of total plasma chemerin. Chemerin forms in adipose tissue showed a different profile, with minimal chem163S and significant levels of chem157S. Chem155A was present in omental but not in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Unattributed chemerin forms were undetectable in adipose tissue.ConclusionsChemerin is activated in adipose tissue of subjects with obesity, and further C‐terminal processing occurs during the disposition of chemerin from adipose tissue, resulting in substantial levels of novel degraded forms in plasma that correlate with obesity.
New benzodithiophene‐ and benzooxadiazole/benzothiadiazole‐based donor–acceptor π‐conjugated polymers for organic photovoltaics
Authors: Kranthiraja Kakaraparthi , Gunasekar Kumarasamy , Ho Park Sang , Kang In‐Nam , Yong Lee Jin , Song Myungkwan , Jin Sung‐Ho 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA new set of push‐pull type 2D‐conjugated polymers (P1–P4) were designed and synthesized where A1, A2 (oxygen analogues) and A3, A4 (sulfur analogues) are electron deficient units used as co‐monomers. On introduction of new repeating units into the polymer backbone, significant changes were observed in optoelectronic properties. Furthermore, the heteroatom exchange in new repeating units has also brought notable changes in photophysical properties, in particular P1 and P2 (oxygen analogues) showed bathochromic shift in UV‐vis absorption spectra and deeper HOMO energy levels than P3, P4 (sulfur analogues). Interestingly P1, P3 absorption spectra shows a vibronic shoulder (659, 652 nm) peak in lower energy region, and this might originated from non‐covalent interactions between the electron rich and electron deficient units. In addition, the systematic investigation of these polymers with additive and solvent treatment, yielded in enhanced power conversion efficiency of 4.29% for P3‐based devices in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2668–2679