bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mrk 71/NGC 2366: The Nearest Green Pea Analog
Authors: Micheva Genoveva , Oey M. S. , Jaskot Anne E. , James Bethan L. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We present the remarkable discovery that the dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 2366 is an excellent analog of the Green Pea (GP) galaxies, which are characterized by extremely high ionization parameters. The similarities are driven predominantly by the giant H ii region Markarian 71 (Mrk 71). We compare the system with GPs in terms of morphology, excitation properties, specific star-formation rate, kinematics, absorption of low-ionization species, reddening, and chemical abundance, and find consistencies throughout. Since extreme GPs are associated with both candidate and confirmed Lyman continuum (LyC) emitters, Mrk 71/NGC 2366 is thus also a good candidate for LyC escape. The spatially resolved data for this object show a superbubble blowout generated by mechanical feedback from one of its two super star clusters (SSCs), Knot B, while the extreme ionization properties are driven by the ≲1 Myr-old, enshrouded SSC Knot A, which has ∼10 times higher ionizing luminosity. Very massive stars (>100 M
⊙) may be present in this remarkable object. Ionization-parameter mapping indicates that the blowout region is optically thin in the LyC, and the general properties also suggest LyC escape in the line of sight. Mrk 71/NGC 2366 does differ from GPs in that it is one to two orders of magnitude less luminous. The presence of this faint GP analog and candidate LyC emitter (LCE) so close to us suggests that LCEs may be numerous and commonplace, and therefore could significantly contribute to the cosmic ionizing budget. Mrk 71/NGC 2366 offers an unprecedentedly detailed look at the viscera of a candidate LCE, and could clarify the mechanisms of LyC escape.
Deep, Broadband Spectral Line Surveys of Molecule-rich Interstellar Clouds
Authors: Widicus Weaver Susanna L. , Laas Jacob C. , Zou Luyao , Kroll Jay A. , Rad Mary L. , Hays Brian M. , Sanders James L. , Lis Dariusz C. , Cross Trevor N. , Wehres Nadine , McGuire Brett A. , Sumner Matthew C. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Spectral line surveys are an indispensable tool for exploring the physical and chemical evolution of astrophysical environments due to the vast amount of data that can be obtained in a relatively short amount of time. We present deep, broadband spectral line surveys of 30 interstellar clouds using two broadband λ = 1.3 mm receivers at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. This information can be used to probe the influence of physical environment on molecular complexity. We observed a wide variety of sources to examine the relative abundances of organic molecules as they relate to the physical properties of the source (i.e., temperature, density, dynamics, etc.). The spectra are highly sensitive, with noise levels ≤25 mK at a velocity resolution of ∼0.35 km s−1. In the initial analysis presented here, column densities and rotational temperatures have been determined for the molecular species that contribute significantly to the spectral line density in this wavelength regime. We present these results and discuss their implications for complex molecule formation in the interstellar medium.
Les transformations des comportements politiques au prisme de l’e-pétitionnement
Authors: Contamin Jean-Gabriel , Léonard Thomas , Soubiran Thomas 
Published: August 2017

S’appuyant sur la base d’un site de pétitions en ligne relative à plus de 15 000 pétitions qui ont récolté près de 3,8 millions de signatures, cet article montre que l’usage d’une telle source permet de dépasser certaines des apories des méthodes classiques d’étude des actions de mobilisations, notamment en passant de l’étude des déclarations de comportement à l’étude des comportements réels et en pouvant travailler une variété de mobilisations, mais aussi qu’une telle étude se heurte à une difficulté commune aux travaux sur les big data issus de l’Internet : l’absence d’une collecte supervisée aux fins de la recherche qui induit un ensemble de difficultés de traitement. Il invite dès lors à dépasser ces difficultés, d’une part en jouant du recoupement des données inédites issues de la base (horodatage, présence de commentaires…), et d’autre part en éclairant ces données par d’autres méthodes classiquement utilisées en sciences sociales (entretiens, questionnaires, etc.).
Deconstructing the past: Behind the text, in the text, confronted by the text
Authors: Van Eck Ernest 
Published: August 2017

This article, taking the Faculty’s centenary celebration slogan of ‘Gateway to’ as cue, reflects on the contributions made by lecturers in the Department of New Testament Studies, University of Pretoria, that ‘opened the gates’ for the disadvantaged, excluded and marginalised. How did these scholars envisage inclusive believing communities and an open society with equal opportunities for all? It is argued that because of a historical, critical and close reading of the texts of the New Testament, many scholars belonging to the Department during the past 100 years were able to hear the texts of the New Testament in their original socio-historical settings (what it meant for its original readers), and therefore were able to apply these meanings in ever-changing new contexts (what it means).
Exodus of clergy: The role of leadership in responding to the call
Authors: Joynt Shaun 
Published: August 2017

Leaders play an important role in clergy’s response to their call. Toxic leadership, also known as the dark side of leadership, negatively influences their decision to remain in full-time pastoral ministry. There is a shortage of clergy in the Roman Catholic Church and a distribution or displacement challenge facing the Protestant church. This shortage adversely affects the future of the church as clergy play an integral part in the preparation of congregants for their works of service (Eph 4:11–12). The purpose of this study was to discover what factors were involved in clergy’s response to the call to full-time pastoral ministry. A practical theological grounded theory approach was used to discover the properties of the category ‘leadership’. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and data were coded using Glaser and Strauss’s grounded theory methodology. The category of ‘leadership’ includes properties such as favouritism, leaders abdicating responsibilities, leaders taking no action/being inactive, leaders ‘labeling’ subordinates, leaders’ ‘unethical’ behaviour, nepotism, poor conflict handling, poor handling of multi-racial issues, being placed on a pedestal, affirming subordinates and autocratic leadership style. Osmer’s descriptive-empirical task was used as a practical theological lens through which to view the category ‘leadership’. The results indicated three responses by clergy to the call to full-time pastoral ministry: not being called in the first place, a dual call (being bi-vocational or ‘seasonal’) and being called but leaving anyway because of, among other factors, toxic leadership. A steward leadership approach is recommended in response to the dark side of leadership.
Syndromes of Rapidly Progressive Cognitive Decline-Our Experience
Authors: Chandra Sadanandavalli Retnaswami , Viswanathan Lakshminarayanapuram Gopal , Pai Anupama Ramakanth , Wahatule Rahul , Alladi Suvarna 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Background: Dementias are fairly slowly progressive degenerative diseases of brain for which treatment options are very less and carry a lot of burden on family and society. A small percentage of them are rapidly progressive and mostly carry a different course outcome. However, there are no definite criteria other than the time line for these patients. Aims: The aim of this was to identify and categorize the causes and course of rapidly progressive dementias seen in our center. Settings and Design: Patients who presented with rapid deterioration of cognitive functions within weeks to 1 year between 2011 and December 2016 were evaluated. Patients and Methods: All patients underwent all mandatory tests for dementia including brain imaging. Complete vasculitis workup, autoimmune encephalitis profile including Voltage Gated Potassium Channel, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor, glutamic acid-decarboxylase, thyroid-peroxidase antibody, cerebrospinal fluid, and other special tests such as duodenal biopsy and paraneoplastic workup were done based on clinical indications. Results and Conclusions: Out of 144 patients 42 had immune-mediated encephalopathy, 18 had Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 3 had Vitamin B12 deficiency, 63 had infection with neurocysticercosis, 7 had tuberculosis, 2 had HIV, 1 had herpes simplex encephalitis, 1 had neurosyphilis, 1 Whipples disease, 1 had Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis, 1 had Mass lesion, 3 had Frontotemporal dementia, and 3 had small vessel disease. Good majority of these patients have infective and immune-mediated causes and less number belong to degenerative group. Therefore, caution is needed to look for treatable cause as it carries a different treatment options and outcome.
Symptomatic Bilateral Xanthogranuloma of the Choroid Plexus
Authors: Emon Selin Tural , Ozturk Erek , Meric Kaan , Aker Fugen , Orakdogen Metin 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTXanthogranulomas (XGRs) of the choroid plexus are rare, asymptomatic, and benign lesions usually found incidentally. Here, we present a case of a 47-year-old male with bilateral XGR of the choroid plexus with periventricular edema and discuss our case in relation to a review of existing literature pertaining to the radiology of XGRs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of bilateral trigonal XGR causing brain edema without ventricular dilatation. Despite the fact that they can cause hydrocephalus, XGRs are silent and benign lesions. Although the etiopathology of XGRs remains poorly understood, enhanced imaging analyses may provide additional information regarding edema and focal white matter signal changes.
Butterfly Tumor of the Corpus Callosum: Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Survival Analysis
Authors: Tunthanathip Thara , Ratanalert Sanguansin , Sae-heng Sakchai , Oearsakul Thakul 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Background: The pathologies implicate the bilateral corpus callosum that builds the butterfly pattern on axial view. These tumors have seldom been investigated for both clinical manifestations and outcome. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of the butterfly tumor and to identify the predictive factors associated with survival outcome. Methods: A retrospective study of 50 butterfly tumor was conducted between 2003 and 2016. The clinical characteristics, imaging, and outcome were assessed for the purpose of descriptive analysis. Using the Kaplan–Meier method, the median overall survival of the butterfly tumor was determined. Furthermore, the Cox proportional hazard regression was the estimated hazard ratio for death. Results: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was common of butterfly lesions. The mortality rate was 78% and overall median survival time was 16.03 months (95% confidence interval: 14.0–19.8). Using Cox proportional hazards regression, the independent prognostic factors were Karnofsky Performance Status score ≤70, splenium involvement, and butterfly glioblastoma. Conclusions: The butterfly tumor is a poor prognostic disease compared with each histology subgroup. Further molecular investigation is preferable to explore genetic variations associated with these tumors.
Association of Attention-deficit Hyperkinetic Disorder with Alcohol Use Disorders in Fishermen
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Bharadwaj Balaji , Kuppili Pooja Patnaik , Ramaswamy Gomathi , Majella Gilbert Marie , Chinnakali Palanivel , Roy Gautam 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Alcohol use is a widely prevalent problem and poses hazard during work for certain groups such as fishermen. Disorders such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD) correlate with early onset and greater severity of alcohol use disorders. Aims: We planned to study the frequency of ADHD among fishermen in a fishing hamlet of southern India using adult ADHD self-reported scale (ASRS) and correlated with the severity of alcohol use disorder as evidenced by age at initiation of alcohol use, presence of harmful use, or dependence use as defined by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Subjects and Methods: This was a community-based interview using AUDIT questionnaire for severity of alcohol use and the ASRS to detect ADHD. Results: The prevalence of adult ADHD among fishermen in this study was 25.7% using the critical items of the ASRS. ADHD was about twice as likely in participants with dependence as those without dependence (odds ratio = 2.10). ADHD was also more likely in participants with onset of use before 30 years of age than others (25.1% vs. 15.4%) (P = 0.27). Discussion: We found a high frequency of alcohol use among fishermen (79.8%). However, only 9.9% had alcohol dependence which is higher than the general population (2.3%) in the region. Fishermen with alcohol dependence were twice as likely to have ADHD as those without alcohol dependence. Conclusion: In a community-based survey of fishermen, the prevalence of alcohol dependence was about 10%. The presence of alcohol dependence predicted a two times higher likelihood of ADHD among fishermen than those without alcohol dependence.
Parasellar Chondrosarcoma in Three Young Patients: A Diagnosis of Caution
Authors: Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Gupta Latika , Saran Ravindra Kumar , Jagetia Anita , Garg Lalit 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTParasellar chondrosarcoma is rare slowly growing intracranial tumors. A correct diagnosis of these tumors is challenging for clinician due to overlapping location and simulation of clinical presentations with much common pituitary adenomas. We are reporting three young patients diagnosed to have parasellar chondrosarcoma highlighting the pathological features of importance required for confirm diagnosis.
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Leukodystrophies in Africa
Authors: Amin Mutaz , Elsayed Liena , Ahmed Ammar Eltahir 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTRecent understanding of the genetic basis of neurological disorders in Africa has grown rapidly in the last two decades. Africa harbors the largest genetic repertoire in the world which gives unique opportunity to discover novel variant, genes, and molecular pathways associated with various neurological diseases. Despite that, large-scale genomic and exome studies are severely lacking especially for neglected diseases such as leukodystrophies. This review aims to shed light on the currently developed research in leukodystrophies in Africa. We reviewed all research articles related to “Leukodystrophy in Africa” published in Medline/PubMed and Google Scholar databases up to date. We found very few studies in leukodystrophy from Africa, especially from the Sub-Saharan regions. Metachromatic leukodystrophy was the most studied type of leukodystrophy. Published studies from North Africa (Tunisia, Morocco, and Egypt) were very limited in either sample size (case studies or single/few family studies) or molecular methods (targeted sequencing or polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms). More studies (GWAS or large family studies) with advanced techniques such as exome or whole genome sequencing are needed to unveil the genetic basis of leukodystrophy in Africa. Unmasking novel genes and molecular pathways of leukodystrophies invariably lead to better detection and treatment for both Africans and worldwide populations.
Normative Data for Median Nerve Conduction in Healthy Young Adults from Punjab, India
Authors: Singh Manjinder , Gupta Sharat , Singh Kamal Dev , Kumar Avnish 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Background: Nerve conduction studies (NCSs) are essential for diagnosing various kinds of focal and diffuse neuropathies. Due to the paucity of local NCS data, electrodiagnostic laboratories in Punjab rely on values from Western and other Indian studies. Aim: This study was conducted to provide normative data for median nerve conduction parameters (motor and sensory) in Punjabi populace. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 290 participants (150 males and 140 females), aged 17–21 years, as per standardized protocol. The data were analyzed separately for both genders using SPSS version 20. It consisted of distal latencies and conduction velocities of motor and sensory divisions of median nerve. Student's unpaired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: There was no effect of gender on any of the median nerve conduction parameters. Height and weight had nonsignificant negative and positive correlation, respectively (P > 0.05), with conduction velocity in both motor and sensory median nerves. For median motor nerve, the values of distal latency and conduction velocity in males were 2.9 ± 0.16 ms and 60.25 ± 2.99 m/s, respectively, whereas, in females, they were 2.6 ± 0.43 ms and 59.83 ± 2.82 m/s. Similarly, for median sensory nerve, the latency and velocity values in males were 2.8 ± 0.56 ms and 54.81 ± 3.70 m/s, whereas, in females, they were 2.4 ± 0.33 ms and 54.56 ± 3.65 m/s, respectively. Conclusion: The data in this study compared favorably with already existing data. It would help the local electrodiagnostic laboratories in assessing the median nerve abnormalities with greater accuracy in this population subset.
Comparison of Overridden Medication-related Clinical Decision Support in the Intensive Care Unit between a Commercial System and a Legacy System
Authors: Wong Adrian , Wright Adam , Seger Diane L. , Amato Mary G. , Fiskio Julie M. , Bates David 
Published: August 2017

Summary
Background: Electronic health records (EHRs) with clinical decision support (CDS) have shown to be effective at improving patient safety. Despite this, alerts delivered as part of CDS are overridden frequently, which is of concern in the critical care population as this group may have an increased risk of harm. Our organization recently transitioned from an internally-developed EHR to a commercial system. Data comparing various EHR systems, especially after transitions between EHRs, are needed to identify areas for improvement.
Objectives: To compare the two systems and identify areas for potential improvement with the new commercial system at a single institution.
Methods: Overridden medication-related CDS alerts were included from October to December of the systems’ respective years (legacy, 2011; commercial, 2015), restricted to three intensive care units. The two systems were compared with regards to CDS presentation and override rates for four types of CDS: drug-allergy, drug-drug interaction (DDI), geriatric and renal alerts. A post hoc analysis to evaluate for adverse drug events (ADEs) potentially resulting from overridden alerts was performed for ‘contraindicated’ DDIs via chart review.
Results: There was a significant increase in provider exposure to alerts and alert overrides in the commercial system (commercial: n=5,535; legacy: n=1,030). Rates of overrides were higher for the allergy and DDI alerts (p<0.001) in the commercial system. Geriatric and renal alerts were significantly different in incidence and presentation between the two systems. No ADEs were identified in an analysis of 43 overridden contraindicated DDI alerts.
Conclusions: The vendor system had much higher rates of both alerts and overrides, although we did not find evidence of harm in a review of DDIs which were overridden. We propose recommendations for improving our current system which may be helpful to other similar institutions; improving both alert presentation and the underlying knowledge base appear important.Citation: Wong A, Wright A, Seger DL, Amato MG, Fiskio JM, Bates D. Comparison of Overridden Medication-related Clinical Decision Support in the Intensive Care Unit between a Commercial System and a Legacy System. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 866–879 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2017-04-RA-0059
Corrosion of Copper as a Nuclear Waste Container Material in Simulated Anoxic Granitic Groundwater
Authors: He Xihua , Ahn Tae , Gwo Jin-Ping 
Published: August 2017

Copper (Cu) is a candidate material for waste packages in geological disposal systems for high-level radioactive waste in Switzerland, Sweden, Finland, Japan, and Canada. This paper reports experimental tests of Cu in the context of radioactive waste disposal applications. Experimental tests of Cu general corrosion and hydrogen evolution were conducted under anoxic conditions (less than 10 ppb of O2) using synthetic saline groundwater based on reference compositions of deep groundwaters in crystalline rock of the Canadian Shield. The results indicate that the Cu open-circuit potential and corrosion rates in anoxic waters were very sensitive to the residual O2 concentration in solution. The corrosion rates ranged from submicrometer to micrometer per year, depending on the residual O2 concentration level. The corrosion products were predominantly cuprous oxide (Cu2O). Chlorine was present in corrosion products for tests exposed to synthetic saline groundwater, but more work is needed to assess its role in the corrosion process. Minute amounts of hydrogen were detected from the autoclave as test cell, however, they cannot be simply correlated to Cu corrosion because of complication of the autoclave material corrosion.
Evaluation of turbulence measurement techniques from a single Doppler lidar
Authors: Bonin Timothy A. , Choukulkar Aditya , Brewer W. Alan , Sandberg Scott P. , Weickmann Ann M. , Pichugina Yelena L. , Banta Robert M. , Oncley Steven P. , Wolfe Daniel E. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Measurements of turbulence are essential to understand and quantify the transport and dispersal of heat, moisture, momentum, and trace gases within the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Through the years, various techniques to measure turbulence using Doppler lidar observations have been proposed. However, the accuracy of these measurements has rarely been validated against trusted in situ instrumentation. Herein, data from the eXperimental Planetary boundary layer Instrumentation Assessment (XPIA) are used to verify Doppler lidar turbulence profiles through comparison with sonic anemometer measurements. For 17 days at the end of the experiment, a single scanning Doppler lidar continuously cycled through different turbulence measurement strategies: velocity–azimuth display (VAD), six-beam scans, and range–height indicators (RHIs) with a vertical stare.Measurements of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), turbulence intensity, and stress velocity from these techniques are compared with sonic anemometer measurements at six heights on a 300 m tower. The six-beam technique is found to generally measure turbulence kinetic energy and turbulence intensity the most accurately at all heights (r2  ≈  0.78), showing little bias in its observations (slope of  ≈  0. 95). Turbulence measurements from the velocity–azimuth display method tended to be biased low near the surface, as large eddies were not captured by the scan. None of the methods evaluated were able to consistently accurately measure the shear velocity (r2 =  0.15–0.17). Each of the scanning strategies assessed had its own strengths and limitations that need to be considered when selecting the method used in future experiments.