bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty in Patients With Amputation or Paralysis of the Contralateral Upper Extremity (One‐Arm Patients)
Authors: Alentorn‐Geli Eduard , Wanderman Nathan R. , Assenmacher Andrew T. , Elhassan Bassem T. , Sánchez‐Sotelo Joaquín , Cofield Robert H. , Sperling John W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundTheoretically, patients with only one functional arm secondary to contralateral amputation or paralysis will subject their only functional upper extremity to increased loads. This could become an issue after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). However, there are no reported data on the implant survival or function for patients with a nonfunctional contralateral upper extremity.ObjectiveTo report the outcomes of RSA in patients with contralateral upper extremity amputation or paralysis.DesignRetrospective case series.SettingTertiary university hospital.PatientsAll patients who underwent RSA between January 2004 and December 2013.MethodsOf 1335 RSA procedures performed, 5 patients had a minimum 2‐year follow‐up and nonfunctional contralateral upper extremity. There were 3 men and 2 women, with a mean (standard deviation) age and length of follow‐up of 72.4 (7.5) years and 56.4 (24‐132) months. Two of the patients had a contralateral upper extremity amputation, and the other 3 had contralateral upper extremity paralysis as a result of stroke, traumatic brain injury, and traumatic brachial plexus injury at birth.Main OutcomesPain, range of motion, functional scores (Simple Shoulder Test, American Shoulder and Elbow Society and Quick‐Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand), satisfaction, complications/reoperations, and radiographic loosening.ResultsRSA resulted in substantial improvement in pain (P = .008), forward flexion (P = .02), and external range of motion (P = .01). The mean (standard deviation) Simple Shoulder Test, American Shoulder and Elbow Society, and Quick‐Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores were 9.8 (1.3), 82 (13), and 17.8 (13.4), respectively. The results were excellent in 3, satisfactory in 1, and unsatisfactory in 1 patient (due only to external rotation limited to 10°). Subjectively, all 5 patients felt greatly improved and stated they would undergo RSA again. There were no complications or reoperations. There were no shoulders with component loosening.ConclusionsRSA seems to be a safe, effective, and successful surgical procedure for patients with a nonfunctional contralateral upper extremity. Studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow‐up will hopefully validate the present findings.Level of EvidenceIV
Footprints of a flapping wing
Authors: Zhang Jun 
Published: March 2017

Birds have to flap their wings to generate the needed thrust force, which powers them through the air. But how exactly do flapping wings create such force, and at what amplitude and frequency should they operate? These questions have been asked by many researchers. It turns out that much of the secret is hidden in the wake left behind the flapping wing. Exemplified by the study of Andersenet al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 812, 2017, R4), close examination of the flow pattern behind a flapping wing will inform us whether the wing is towed by an external force or able to generate a net thrust force by itself. Such studies are much like looking at the footprints of terrestrial animals as we infer their size and weight, figuring out their walking and running gaits. A map that displays the collection of flow patterns after a flapping wing, using flapping frequency and amplitude as the coordinates, offers a full picture of its flying ‘gaits’.
Propagation of SH-Waves Through Non Planer Interface between Visco-Elastic and Fibre-Reinforced Solid Half-Spaces
Authors: Prasad B. , Pal P. C. , Kundu S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn the propagation of seismic waves through layered media, the boundaries play crucial role. The boundaries separating the different layers of the earth are irregular in nature and not perfectly plane. It is, therefore, necessary to take into account the corrugation of the boundaries while dealing with the problem of reflection and refraction of seismic waves. The present study explores the reflection and refraction phenomena of SH-waves at a corrugated interface between visco-elastic half-space and fibre-reinforced half-space. Method of approximation given by Rayleigh is adopted and the expressions for reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained in closed form for the first and second order approximation of the corrugation. The closed form formulae of these coefficients are presented for a corrugated interface of periodic shape (cosine law interface). It is found that these coefficients depend upon the amplitude of corrugation of the boundary, angle of incidence and frequency of the incident wave. Numerical computations for a particular type of corrugated interface are performed and a number of graphs are plotted. Some special cases are derived.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: A Promising Prehospital Tool for Management of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Peters Joost , Van Wageningen Bas , Hoogerwerf Nico , Tan Edward 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionEarly identification of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is essential. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used in prehospital settings for non-invasive monitoring and the diagnosis of patients who may require surgical intervention.MethodsThe handheld NIRS Infrascanner (InfraScan Inc.; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA) uses eight symmetrical scan points to detect intracranial bleeding. A scanner was tested in a physician-staffed helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS). The results were compared with those obtained using in-hospital computed tomography (CT) scans. Scan time, ease-of-use, and change in treatment were scored.ResultsA total of 25 patients were included. Complete scans were performed in 60% of patients. In 15 patients, the scan was abnormal, and in one patient, the scan resulted in a treatment change. Compared with the results of CT scanning, the Infrascanner obtained a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 78.6%. Most patients had severe TBI with indication for transport to a trauma center prior to scanning. In one patient, the scan resulted in a treatment change. Evaluation of patients with less severe TBI is needed to support the usefulness of the Infrascanner as a prehospital triage tool.ConclusionPromising results were obtained using the InfraScan NIRS device in prehospital screening for intracranial hematomas in TBI patients. High sensitivity and good specificity were found. Further research is necessary to determine the beneficial effects of enhanced prehospital screening on triage, survival, and quality of life in TBI patients.PetersJ,
Van WageningenB,
HoogerwerfN,
TanE. Near-infrared spectroscopy: a promising prehospital tool for management of traumatic brain injury. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(4):414–418.
Self-similar conductance patterns in graphene Cantor-like structures
Authors: García-Cervantes H. , Gaggero-Sager L. M. , Díaz-Guerrero D. S. , Sotolongo-Costa O. , Rodríguez-Vargas I. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGraphene has proven to be an ideal system for exotic transport phenomena. In this work, we report another exotic characteristic of the electron transport in graphene. Namely, we show that the linear-regime conductance can present self-similar patterns with well-defined scaling rules, once the graphene sheet is subjected to Cantor-like nanostructuring. As far as we know the mentioned system is one of the few in which a self-similar structure produces self-similar patterns on a physical property. These patterns are analysed quantitatively, by obtaining the scaling rules that underlie them. It is worth noting that the transport properties are an average of the dispersion channels, which makes the existence of scale factors quite surprising. In addition, that self-similarity be manifested in the conductance opens an excellent opportunity to test this fundamental property experimentally.
Identification of autoreactive B cells with labeled nucleosomes
Authors: Gies Vincent , Wagner Alain , Seifert Cécile , Guffroy Aurélien , Fauny Jean-D. , Knapp Anne-M. , Pasquali Jean-L. , Martin Thierry , Dumortier Hélène , Korganow Anne-S. , Soulas-Sprauel Pauline 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has not been completely elucidated yet, and only a few specific treatments have been developed so far. In autoimmune diseases mediated by pathogenic autoantibodies, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, the specific detection and analysis of autoreactive B cells is crucial for a better understanding of the physiopathology. Biological characterization of these cells may help to define new therapeutic targets. Very few techniques allowing the precise detection of autoreactive B cells have been described so far. Herein we propose a new flow cytometry technique for specific detection of anti-nucleosome B cells, which secrete autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus, using labeled nucleosomes. We produced different fluorochrome-labeled nucleosomes, characterized them, and finally tested them in flow cytometry. Nucleosomes labeled via the cysteines present in H3 histone specifically bind to autoreactive B cells in the anti-DNA transgenic B6.56R mice model. The present work validates the use of fluorochrome-labeled nucleosomes via cysteines to identify anti-nucleosome B cells and offers new opportunities for the description of autoreactive B cell phenotype.
HMGB1-TLR4-IL23-IL17A axis promotes paraquat-induced acute lung injury by mediating neutrophil infiltration in mice
Authors: Yan Bailing , Chen Feng , Xu Lijun , Xing Jihong , Wang Xuefu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractParaquat is a poisoning herbicide that primarily targets lung, leading to severe acute lung injury characterized by extensive neutrophil infiltration. However, the mechanisms underlying the neutrophil infiltration is not clear. In this study, we demonstrated the significance of the signaling cascade from high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin-23 (IL-23), and lastly to IL-17A during the paraquat-induced neutrophil infiltration and the subsequent lung injury in mice. Paraquat challenge significantly elevated serum levels of IL-17A and IL-23, the percentage of IL-17A-producing γδT cells in the lung, and the level of HMGB1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Reducing IL-17A production using an anti-γδT antibody, targeting IL-23 with the neutralizing antibody against IL-23p19, and blocking HMGB1 signaling by using glycyrrhizin or TLR4−/− mice all dramatically inhibited the infiltration of neutrophils and attenuated lung injury. These novel findings not only reveal the critical role of HMGB1-TLR4-IL-23-IL-17A axis in the pathogenesis of paraquat-induced acute lung injury, but also provide promising therapeutic targets for treating paraquat poisoning.
Loss of p27kip1 increases genomic instability and induces radio-resistance in luminal breast cancer cells
Authors: Berton Stefania , Cusan Martina , Segatto Ilenia , Citron Francesca , D’Andrea Sara , Benevol Sara , Avanzo Michele , Dall’Acqua Alessandra , Schiappacassi Monica , Bristow Robert G. , Belletti Barbara , Baldassarre Gustavo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGenomic instability represents a typical feature of aggressive cancers. Normal cells have evolved intricate responses to preserve genomic integrity in response to stress, such as DNA damage induced by γ-irradiation. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) take crucial part to these safeguard mechanisms, but involvement of CDK-inhibitors, such as p27Kip1, is less clear. We generated immortalized fibroblasts from p27kip1 knock-out (KO) mouse embryos and re-expressed p27kip1 WT, or its mutant forms, to identify the function of different domains. We γ-irradiated fibroblasts and observed that loss of p27Kip1 was associated to accumulation of residual DNA damage, increased number of mitotic aberration and, eventually, to survival advantage. Nuclear localization and cyclin/CDK-binding of p27Kip1 were critical to mediate proper response to DNA damage. In human luminal breast cancer (LBC) p27kip1 is frequently down-modulated and CDKN1B, p27Kip1 gene, sporadically mutated. We recapitulated results obtained in mouse fibroblasts in a LBC cell line genetically manipulated to be KO for CDKN1B gene. Following γ-irradiation, we confirmed that p27kip1 expression was necessary to preserve genomic integrity and to recognize and clear-out aberrant cells. Our study provides important insights into mechanisms underlying radio-resistance and unveils the possibility for novel treatment options exploiting DNA repair defects in LBC.
Experience of Point-of-Care Devices in Obstetrical Care
Authors: Karlsson Ove 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDuring pregnancy and puerperium, there are pronounced hemostatic changes characterized by increased coagulability and decreased fibrinolysis. In addition, hemostasis can change dramatically during obstetric complications. Several reports have described substandard management of hemostatic defects in this setting and state the need for guidelines and better care. Point-of-care devices can assess hemostatic status and are especially suitable in perioperative settings. Using point-of-care devices, no time is required for transportation, allowing faster availability of results and providing potential for better care of the patient. This article will demonstrate the use of a viscoelastic method in six different patients; five with impaired hemostasis, and where the use of viscoelastic method contributes or should have contributed to better care. The cases represent patients with normal delivery; postpartum hemorrhage (PPH); PPH with low fibrinogen; placental abruption; preeclampsia with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count syndrome; and finally, one patient with sepsis. This article also shows the need for good practices and good supervision to implement the devices in patient care.
Indications and Use of Hydrogen Peroxide during Microvascular Flap Reconstruction Surgery: A Literature and Procedural Use Review
Authors: Rodriguez-Collazo E. , Riddle D. , Schmidtke K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMicrovascular flap reconstruction surgery is a limb preservation procedure performed in an effort to maintain the integrity of the lower limb and avoid amputations. Individuals facing the prospect of amputation often have long-term diabetes with multiple comorbidities, including severe peripheral vascular disease; peripheral arterial disease; chronic ulcerations; and Charcot arthropathy. Long-term clinical research has shown that these patients are at much higher risk for secondary amputations after a first amputation is performed. According to Sohn et al, Charcot and ulcer groups had 4.1 and 4.7 amputations per 100 person-years, respectively. In patients younger than 65 years old at the end of follow-up, amputation risk, relative to patients with Charcot alone, was 7 times higher for patients with ulcer alone and 12 times higher for patients with Charcot and ulcer. Patients with infected hardware, suffering from acute ulcerative conditions, may also be candidates for this type of surgery due to extensive tissue loss secondary to infection. Microvascular flap reconstruction surgery is a highly technical surgery involving the use of orthoplastic techniques, which is performed under ×3.5 loupe magnification. Due to the inability to perform this procedure with the use of a tourniquet, visibility within the field is obfuscated from continuous blood flow along the dissected muscle belly. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an excellent alternative to tourniquet use. The use of H2O2 allows additional benefits, such as visual field clearance and antisepsis.
Salivary lactoferrin is transferred into the brain via the sublingual route
Authors: Hayashi Takashi , To Masahiro , Saruta Juri , Sato Chikatoshi , Yamamoto Yuko , Kondo Yusuke , Shimizu Tomoko , Kamata Yohei , Tsukinoki Keiichi 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is produced by exocrine glands including salivary gland, and has various functions including infection defense. However, the transfer of LF from peripheral organs into the brain remains unclear. To clarify the kinetics of salivary LF (sLF), we investigated the consequences of sialoadenectomy and bovine LF (bLF) sublingual administration in rats. The salivary glands were removed from male Wistar rats, and we measured rat LF levels in the blood and brain at 1 week post-surgery. We also examined the transfer of LF into the organs of the rats after sublingual administration of bLF. Rat LF levels in the blood and brain were significantly reduced by sialoadenectomy. Sublingual bLF administration significantly increased bLF levels in the brain, which then decreased over time. These results indicate that LF is transferred from the sublingual mucosa to the brain, in which favorable effects of sLF on brain will be expected via the sublingual mucosa.
Past and current cause-specific mortality in Eisenmenger syndrome
Authors: Hjortshøj Cristel M. Sørensen , Kempny Aleksander , Jensen Annette Schophuus , Sørensen Keld , Nagy Edit , Dellborg Mikael , Johansson Bengt , Rudiene Virginija , Hong Gu , Opotowsky Alexander R. , Budts Werner , Mulder Barbara J. , Tomkiewicz-Pająk Lidia , D’Alto Michele , Prokšelj Katja , Diller Gerhard-Paul , Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Estensen Mette-Elise , Holmstrøm Henrik , Turanlahti Maila , Thilén Ulf , Gatzoulis Michael A. , Søndergaard Lars 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Aims
Eisenmenger syndrome (ES) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic strategies have changed during the 2000s in conjunction with an emphasis on specialist follow-up. The aim of this study was to determine the cause-specific mortality in ES and evaluate any relevant changes between 1977 and 2015.

Methods and results
This is a retrospective, descriptive multicentre study. A total of 1546 patients (mean age 38.7 ± 15.4 years; 36% male) from 13 countries were included. Cause-specific mortality was examined before and after July 2006, ‘early’ and ‘late’, respectively. Over a median follow-up of 6.1 years (interquartile range 2.1–21.5 years) 558 deaths were recorded; cause-specific mortality was identified in 411 (74%) cases. Leading causes of death were heart failure (34%), infection (26%), sudden cardiac death (10%), thromboembolism (8%), haemorrhage (7%), and peri-procedural (7%). Heart failure deaths increased in the ‘late’ relative to the ‘early’ era (P = 0.032), whereas death from thromboembolic events and death in relation to cardiac and non-cardiac procedures decreased (P = 0.014, P = 0.014, P = 0.004, respectively). There was an increase in longevity in the ‘late’ vs. ‘early’ era (median survival 52.3 vs. 35.2 years, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
The study shows that despite changes in therapy, care, and follow-up of ES in tertiary care centres, all-cause mortality including cardiac remains high. Patients from the ‘late’ era, however, die later and from chronic rather than acute cardiac causes, primarily heart failure, whereas peri-procedural and deaths due to haemoptysis have become less common. Lifelong vigilance in tertiary centres and further research for ES are clearly needed.
Transcriptional control of monocyte and macrophage development
Authors: Kurotaki Daisuke , Sasaki Haruka , Tamura Tomohiko 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages play critical roles in immune responses, tissue homeostasis and disease progression. There are a number of functionally and phenotypically distinct subpopulations throughout the body. However, the mechanisms by which macrophage and monocyte heterogeneity is established remain unclear. Recent studies have suggested that most tissue-resident macrophages originate from fetal progenitors but not from hematopoietic stem cells, whereas some subpopulations are derived from adult monocytes. In addition, transcription factors specifically required for the development of each subpopulation have been identified. Interestingly, local environmental factors such as heme, retinoic acid and RANKL induce the expression and/or activation of tissue-specific transcription factors, thereby controlling transcriptional programs specific for the subpopulations. Thus, distinct differentiation pathways and local microenvironments appear to contribute to the determination of macrophage transcriptional identities. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our knowledge of the transcriptional control of macrophage and monocyte development.
Dust dynamics and evolution in H ii regions – II. Effects of dynamical coupling between dust and gas
Authors: Akimkin V. V. , Kirsanova M. S. , Pavlyuchenkov Ya. N. , Wiebe D. S. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we extend the study initiated in Paper I by modelling grain ensemble evolution in a dynamical model of an expanding H ii region and checking the effects of momentum transfer from dust to gas. The radiation pressure on the dust, the dust drift and the lug on the gas by the dust are all important processes that should be considered simultaneously to describe the dynamics of H ii regions. By accounting for the momentum transfer from the dust to the gas, the expansion time of the H ii region is notably reduced (for our model of RCW 120, the time to reach the observed radius of the H ii region is reduced by a factor of 1.5). Under the common approximation of frozen dust, where there is no relative drift between the dust and gas, the radiation pressure from the ionizing star drives the formation of the very deep gas cavity near the star. Such a cavity is much less pronounced when the dust drift is taken into account. The dust drift leads to the two-peak morphology of the dust density distribution and significantly reduces the dust-to-gas ratio in the ionized region (by a factor of 2 to 10). The dust-to-gas ratio is larger for higher temperatures of the ionizing star since the dust grains have a larger electric charge and are more strongly coupled to the gas.
Association of Hospitalization for Neurosurgical Operations in Magnet Hospitals With Mortality and Length of Stay
Authors: Missios Symeon , Bekelis Kimon 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The association of Magnet hospital status with improved surgical outcomes remains an issue of debate.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether hospitalization in a Magnet hospital is associated with improved outcomes for patients undergoing neurosurgical operations.

METHODS
A cohort study was executed using all patients undergoing neurosurgical operations in New York registered in the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database from 2009 to 2013. We examined the association of Magnet status hospitalization after neurosurgical operations with inpatient case fatality and length of stay (LOS). We employed an instrumental variable analysis to simulate a randomized trial.

RESULTS
Overall, 190 787 patients underwent neurosurgical operations. Of these, 68 046 (35.7%) were hospitalized in Magnet hospitals, and 122 741 (64.3%) in non-Magnet institutions. Instrumental variable analysis demonstrated that hospitalization in Magnet hospitals was associated with decreased case fatality (adjusted difference, –0.8%; –95% confidence interval, –0.7% to –0.6%), and LOS (adjusted difference, –1.9; 95% confidence interval, –2.2 to –1.5) in comparison to non-Magnet hospitals. These associations were also observed in propensity score adjusted mixed effects models. These associations persisted in prespecified subgroups of patients undergoing spine surgery, craniotomy for tumor resection, or neurovascular interventions.

CONCLUSION
We identified an association of Magnet hospitals with lower case fatality, and shorter LOS in a comprehensive New York State patient cohort undergoing neurosurgical procedures.