bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The lasting effects of childhood trauma on developing psychiatric symptoms: A population-based, large-scale comparison study
Authors: Jin Yu , Xu Shicun , Shao Zhixian , Luo Xianyu , Wilson Amanda , Li Jiaqi , Wang Yuanyuan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Childhood trauma (CT) increases rates of psychiatric disorders and symptoms, however, the lasting effect of CT into adulthood has little exploration using large-scale samples.

Objectives
This study estimated the prevalence of CT in a large sample of Chinese young adults, examining the risk factors of current psychological symptoms among those with CT experiences.

Methods
117,769 college students were divided into CT and non-CT groups. The propensity score matching method balanced the confounding sociodemographic factors between the two groups, compared to 16 self-reported psychiatric disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, eating disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder), and seven current psychiatric symptoms. Hierarchical regression employed the significant risk factors of the seven current psychiatric symptoms.

Results
The prevalence of CT among young adults was 28.76% (95% CI: 28.47–29.04%). Youths with CT experiences reported higher psychiatric disorder rates and current symptom scores (P < 0.001). Sociodemographic factors (females, family disharmony, low socioeconomic status, poor relationship with parents, lower father’s education level) and lifestyle factors (smoking status, alcohol consumption, lack of exercise) were significantly associated with current psychiatric symptoms.

Results
Public health departments and colleges should develop strategies to promote mental health among those who have experienced CT.
Mental health vulnerability in multicultural families: Risk factors among homogenous country
Authors: Kim Eunah , Park Myung-Bae 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We investigate the mental health of multicultural families (CFs) in South Korea, identify risk factors, and propose interventions to improve mental health. Adults over 19 years of age were analyzed using the Community Health Survey 2019 in South Korea, consisting of 228,952 individuals including 3,524 from multi-CFs. We employed chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression to compare mental health between multi- and mono-CFs, exploring the influence of various factors. Multi-CFs had significantly higher levels of stress recognition (P-value = 0.010) and experiences of extreme sadness or despair (P-value = 0.002) than mono-CFs. In multi-CFs, younger group, households with lower income and people with unhealthy behaviors regarding walking or sleeping were at risk of mental health. Socially isolated families, relative to the families participating in active social gatherings, had about a 1.36 times higher risk of stress, 2 times higher experiences of extreme sadness or despair and 5.32 times higher depressive symptoms. Multi-CFs are vulnerable to mental health problems, and even within multi-CFs, groups with relatively low socioeconomic status should be prioritized since problems are more significant among them. Activated social networks can help multi-CFs integrate into society and promote mental health.
Feasibility and acceptability of FOotpaths foR adolescent MAternal mental HeAlth (FOR MAMA): A co-designed intervention for pregnant adolescents in Malawi
Authors: Mhango Wezi , Michelson Daniel , Gaysina Darya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to assess feasibility, acceptability and potential for impact of FOotpaths foR Adolescent MAternal Mental HeAlth (FOR MAMA), a co-designed intervention for pregnant adolescents in Malawi. We used a mixed-methods interventional pre-post cohort design. We recruited pregnant adolescents from a rural health centre in Zomba district, Malawi, all of whom were offered a five-session psychosocial intervention delivered by community healthcare workers. Quantitative feasibility indicators related to participant enrolment, session attendance and intervention completion. Feasibility of intervention delivery was explored using in-depth semi-structured interviews with healthcare workers. Acceptability was investigated through in-depth semi-structured interviews with intervention participants and a service user satisfaction questionnaire. Intervention outcomes were assessed using standardised measures of common mental disorders, financial distress and poor mental health and perceived social support. 19 adolescents aged 15–19 years (mean=17.21, SD=1.18) started the intervention, with 18 (94.7%) completing the programme. Significant improvements (p<0.05) were reported across all outcome measures, with moderate to high pre-post effect sizes. Intervention participants reported high levels of service satisfaction, although healthcare workers (n = 6) reported that some feasibility challenges emerged during recruitment and delivery. The FOR MAMA intervention proved to be an acceptable and feasible psychosocial intervention for pregnant adolescents in Malawi.
Impact of social support on PTSD : Chain mediating effects of insomnia and anxiety
Authors: Mao Xiaofei , Hou Tianya , Zhang Yulin , Zhang Jianguo , Zhang Fan , Liu Weizhi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To reveal the chain mediating roles of insomnia and anxiety between social support and PTSD in nursing staff under the stage of COVID-19 regular pandemic prevention and control in China.

Methods
A total of 784 nurses were recruited using the convenience sampling method in Jiangsu Province, China. Demographic questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Insomnia Severity Index were applied to collect data.

Results
Social support, PTSD, insomnia and anxiety were significantly correlated with each other. Insomnia and anxiety acted as chain mediators between social support and PTSD.

Conclusion
Insufficient social support may trigger PTSD through the chain mediating effects of insomnia and anxiety in nursing staff under the stage of COVID-19 regular pandemic prevention and control. Measures focusing on social support, insomnia and anxiety should be taken to reduce or even prevent PTSD in nursing staff in Chinese hospitals in similar crises in the future.
Referential transparency of verbs in child-directed input by Japanese and American caregivers
Authors: Fitch Allison , Lieberman Amy M. , Frank Michael C. , Brough Jessica , Valleau Matthew , Arunachalam Sudha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Children acquiring Japanese differ from those acquiring English with regard to the rate at which verbs are learned (Fernald & Morikawa, 1993). One possible explanation is that Japanese caregivers use verbs in referentially transparent contexts, which facilitate the form-meaning link. We examined this hypothesis by assessing differences in verb usage by Japanese and American caregivers during dyadic play with their infants (5-22 months). We annotated verb-containing utterances for elements associated with referential transparency and compared across groups. Contrary to our hypotheses, we found that Japanese caregivers used verbs in fewer referentially transparent contexts than American caregivers, or did not significantly differ from American caregivers, depending on the measure. These findings cast doubt on cross-cultural differences in referential transparency between Japanese and American child-directed input.
How big is too big? A qualitative study of discretionary food portion size norms among Australian consumers
Authors: Liu Qingzhou , Wang Leanne , Allman-Farinelli Margaret , Rangan Anna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The high availability of energy-dense nutrient-poor discretionary foods in large serving and package sizes may have shifted portion size norms (described as a typical perception of how much people choose to eat from a given food at a single eating occasion) towards larger sizes. Few public health recommendations exist around appropriate discretionary food portion sizes. This qualitative study aimed to explore the underlying rationale of portion size norms of discretionary foods among Australian adults 18–65 years.

Design:
Four focus group sessions were conducted. Collected data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Setting:
Focus groups were held online via Zoom between September and October 2023.

Participants:
Thirty-four participants were recruited in the study (mean age 38 years, 19 females).

Results:
The key themes raised from inductive analysis were personal factors, eating context factors and food environment factors relevant to the portion size norms. A framework was established to illustrate the interaction across these themes during the conceptualisation of the norms. For serving size availability, consumers found that there were limited serving size choices when making portion size selections and lacked the knowledge and skills in portion control.

Conclusions:
These findings highlight the need to make positive changes to the current food environment and develop relevant public health guidelines around appropriate portion sizes to promote healthier portion size norms and enable better portion control.
Tackling inequalities in preconception health and care: barriers, facilitators and recommendations for action from the 2023 UK preconception EMCR network conference
Authors: Schoenaker Danielle , Hall Jennifer , Stewart Catherine , Hanley Stephanie J. , Cassinelli Emma H. , Benton Madeleine , Wynn-Jones Alexandra Azzari , Chawla Mehar , Currie Sinéad ,   2023 UK Preconception EMCR Network conference workshop participants
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Reducing inequalities in preconception health and care is critical to improving the health and life chances of current and future generations. A hybrid workshop was held at the 2023 UK Preconception Early and Mid-Career Researchers (EMCR) Network conference to co-develop recommendations on ways to address inequalities in preconception health and care. The workshop engaged multi-disciplinary professionals across diverse career stages and people with lived experience (total n = 69). Interactive discussions explored barriers to achieving optimal preconception health, driving influences of inequalities and recommendations. The Socio-Ecological Model framed the identified themes, with recommendations structured at interpersonal (e.g. community engagement), institutional (e.g. integration of preconception care within existing services) and environmental/societal levels (e.g. education in schools). The co-developed recommendations provide a framework for addressing inequalities in preconception health, emphasising the importance of a whole-systems approach. Further research and evidence-based interventions are now needed to advance the advocacy and implementation of our recommendations.
Implications of planting date on Benghal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis L.) and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia L.) management in peanut
Authors: Daramola Olumide S. , MacDonald Gregory E. , Kanissery Ramdas G. , Tillman Barry L. , Singh Hardeep , Ajani Oluseyi Ayodeji , Devkota Pratap 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Benghal dayflower and sicklepod are weeds of economic importance in peanut in the southeastern United States due to their extended emergence pattern and limited effective herbicides for control. Field studies were conducted near Jay, Florida, in 2022 and 2023, to evaluate the effect of planting date and herbicide combinations on Benghal dayflower and sicklepod control in peanut crops. Peanut planted in June was exposed to a higher Benghal dayflower density than peanut planted in May. Sicklepod density was similar between May and June planting dates at 28 d after preemergence and early postemergence herbicide applications, but density was greater in peanut that was planted in June, 28 d after the mid-postemergence application. A preemeergence herbicide application followed by (fb) an early postemergence application of S-metolachlor or diclosulam + S-metolachlor controlled Benghal dayflower 84% to 93% 28 d after early postemergence in peanut that was planted in May, but control was reduced to 58% to 78% in the crop that had been planted in June. Regardless of planting date, a preemeergence application fb S-metolachlor or diclosulam + S-metolachlor applied early postemergence provided <80% sicklepod control 28 d after early postemergence. Imazapic + dimethenamid-P + 2,4-DB applied postemergence improved Benghal dayflower control to at least 94% 28 d after mid-postemergence, but sicklepod control was not >85%. Regardless of the planting date, paraquat + bentazon + S-metolachlor applied early postemergence was required to achieve ≥95% sicklepod control. However, herbicide combinations that included paraquat + bentazon + S-metolachlor reduced peanut yield when planting was delayed to June. In fields that are infested with Benghal dayflower and sicklepod, it is recommended that peanut be planted in early May to minimize the potential impact of these weeds and to increase peanut yield. Late-planted peanut required more intensive herbicide applications to obtain the same peanut yield as the May-planted peanut.
Aerosol Vertical Turbulent Mass Flux Retrievals Through Novel Remote Sensing Algorithm
Authors: Rasheeda Satheesh Ajmal , Petters Markus D. , Meskhidze Nicholas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntegrated measurements of aerosol, radiation, cloud, and turbulent transport in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) are essential for understanding and modeling climate and air quality. Here, we developed a new technique for the identification of convective turbulent regions and deriving the vertical distribution of aerosol turbulent mass fluxes within PBL. The algorithm uses retrievals from coherent Doppler lidars and a high spectral resolution lidar. The technique was applied to study particle mass fluxes over 2 months (November–December 2020) during the campaign conducted at the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains (SGP) site in Lamont, Oklahoma. The algorithm developed here is capable of continuously deriving vertically resolved (curtains) aerosol mass fluxes. Our data analysis shows that at the site, the 30‐min averaged fluxes at 135 m above the surface were mainly positive (upward) at ∼1 μg m−2 s−1, suggesting that the surface is the primary source of the particle mass supplied to the boundary layer at the SGP site. Analyses of the individual case studies have revealed that not all the derived fluxes can be linked to surface emissions. Both positive and negative values in a range of ±5 μg m−2 s−1 can be caused by convective thermals interacting between the residual layer and the mixed layer and by rotation of the horizontal wind with the height. Large erroneous negative fluxes can also be caused by drizzling/precipitating clouds. We anticipate that the application of the current technique will lead to a more realistic representation of aerosol mass budgets and bidirectional mixing rates.
Implementation of WRF‐Urban Asymmetric Convective Model (UACM) for Simulating Urban Fog Over Delhi, India
Authors: Bhautmage Utkarsh Prakash , Ghude Sachin D. , Parde Avinash N. , Kamath Harsh G. , Gokul Dhangar Narendra , Pleim Jonathan , Mau Fung Wong Michael , Wagh Sandeep , Kumar Rakesh , Niyogi Dev , Rajeevan M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccurate fog prediction in densely urbanized cities poses a challenge due to the complex influence of urban morphology on meteorological conditions in the urban roughness sublayer. This study implemented a coupled WRF‐Urban Asymmetric Convective Model (WRF‐UACM) for Delhi, India, integrating explicit urban physics with Sentinel‐updated USGS land‐use and urban morphological parameters derived from the UT‐GLOBUS dataset. When evaluated against the baseline Asymmetric Convective Model (WRF‐BACM) using Winter Fog Experiment (WiFEX) data, WRF‐UACM significantly improved urban meteorological variables such as diurnal variations in 10‐m wind speed, 2‐m air temperature (T2), and 2‐m relative humidity (RH2) during a fog event. UACM also demonstrates improved accuracy in simulating temperature and significantly reducing biases for wind speed and daytime RH2 under clear sky conditions. UACM reproduced the nighttime urban heat island effect within the city, showing realistic diurnal heating and cooling patterns that are important for accurate fog onset and duration. UACM effectively predicts the onset, evolution, and dissipation of fog, aligning well with observed data and satellite imagery. Compared to WRF‐BACM, WRF‐UACM reduces the cold bias soon after sunset, thus improving the fog onset error by ∼3 hr. This study highlights the UACM's potential to improve fog prediction and its application in operational settings. With further investigation into different fog types, the UACM can provide crucial insights for preventive measures and reducing disruptions in urban areas.
Aeolus Winds Improve Arctic Weather Prediction
Authors: Chou C.‐C. , Kushner P. J. , Mariani Z. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt has been proven that assimilating winds from the Aeolus global Doppler Wind Lidar (DWL) would enhance the predictive skill of weather forecast models. In this study, we use a series of observing system experiments to examine how currently assimilated “operational” wind products and Aeolus winds impact environment and climate change Canada's global forecast system over the data‐sparse Arctic region. Aeolus winds improve the tropospheric wind and temperature forecasts by about 0.7%–0.9% of error reduction (a 15%–20% effect compared to the impact of operational wind products) while having little impact on specific humidity. In particular, Aeolus winds have an impact on forecasts of strong wind days on the wind and temperature fields that is double the impact for weaker wind days. On the other hand, the operational wind products do not show as large a discrepancy in impact between forecasts of disturbed and normal days. These findings suggest significant potential for global DWL observations to enhance severe weather prediction in polar regions.
Hydrothermal Fluid Activity on Mars Recorded in Phosphates of the Gabbroic Shergottite Northwest Africa 13581
Authors: Wu Y. , Xiao Z. , Wu Y. , Pan L. , Yan P. , Liao S. , Pan Q. , Li S. , Li Y. , Hsu W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractApatites record crucial information on the origin, composition, and chemical evolution of volatiles on terrestrial planets. As a martian intrusive rock, the gabbroic shergottite Northwest Africa (NWA) 13581 provides key information on the volatile evolution related to magmatic processes in the interior, shedding light on the intricate volatile circulation on Mars. The textural and chemical characteristics of the phosphates in NWA 13581 indicate a complex formation history involving fractional crystallization, degassing, and fluid interaction. Degassing of the NWA 13581 parent melt is capable of exsolving chlorine‐rich fluids, resulting in the formation of notably fluorine‐rich apatite with a high x‐site occupancy of fluorine up to 90%. The degassed/exsolved volatile‐rich fluids could subsequently continue to migrate and interact with surrounding magmatic suites, leading to highly heterogeneous compositions of active fluids. The crystallization of apatite is initiated by the interaction of fluids with merrillite at the late stage of the magmatic process, leading to the formation of phosphate intergrowths. Influenced by the composition and chemical evolution of volatiles in fluids and melts, apatite exhibits notable variability in chlorine compositions both within individual grains and among different grains. Moreover, the presence of magnetite associated with phosphate intergrowth highlights the transportation of metallic components in addition to volatiles from deep layers to shallower depths or to the surface of Mars. This process, which is observed in young shergottites, indicates the persistent presence of hydrothermal systems until recent geological periods, contributing to the generation and circulation of volatiles within the martian interior and on the surface.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia to predict neurodevelopmental impairment in infants born extremely preterm
Authors: Baud Olivier , Lehert Philippe ,   On behalf of the PREMILOC study group
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) was associated with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). However, the best endpoint of BPD assessment to predict subsequent NDI remains unclear.

Methods
We re-analyzed the PREMILOC trial, previously designed to test the effect of prophylactic hydrocortisone on survival without BPD at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age (BPDW36) in ELGANs, to compare predictive models of NDI considering baseline characteristics, respiratory course up to and BPD status at 36 or 40 weeks of postmenstrual age (BPDW36/BPDW40).

Results
Among 404/519 (77.8%) infants enrolled in the trial alive at 2 years of age, all neurocognitive scores were available for 302 (74.8%) patients. Gestational diabetes and sex were identified as the only statistically significant baseline predictors of NDI. Adding BPDW40 to this baseline model was found to be superior to predict NDI compared to BPDW36, leading to a mean difference of the developmental quotient of −6.7 points (95% confidence interval: −10.0 to −3.50, P < 0.001). The prophylactic hydrocortisone treatment effect on survival without BPDW40 was found to be highly significant (OR = 2.08 [95% confidence interval: 1.36 to 3.17], P < 0.001).

Conclusions
These data suggest a better accuracy of BPDW40 to predict NDI in ELGANs, an important finding for future clinical trials and research in drug development.

Registration numbers
EudraCT number 2007-002041-20, ClinicalTrial.gov number, NCT00623740.

Impact

The best endpoint to assess BPD as a surrogate to predict neurocognitive impairment in infants born extremely preterm remains unclear.

This study strongly suggests a better discriminative value of BPD as assessed at 40 weeks of postmenstrual age (instead of 36 weeks) to predict neurocognitive impairments at 2 years of age in children born extremely preterm.

This study supports the switch up to 40 weeks of the primary outcome chosen in future clinical trials designed to prevent BPD.

Our data also provide evidence of the beneficial effect of HC on preventing BPD at full-term equivalent age.