bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflexible neurobiological signatures precede atypical development in infants at high risk for autism
Authors: Denisova Kristina , Zhao Guihu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractVariability in neurobiological signatures is ubiquitous in early life but the link to adverse developmental milestones in humans is unknown. We examined how levels of signal and noise in movement signatures during the 1st year of life constrain early development in 71 healthy typically developing infants, either at High or Low familial Risk (HR or LR, respectively) for developing Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Delays in early learning developmental trajectories in HR infants (validated in an analysis of 1,445 infants from representative inf﻿ant-sibling studies) were predicted by worse stochastic patterns in their spontaneous head movements as early as 1–2 months after birth, relative to HR infants who showed more rapid developmental progress, as well as relative to all LR infants. While LR 1–2 mo-old infants’ movements were significantly different during a language listening task compared to during sleep, HR infants’ movements were more similar during both conditions, a striking lack of diversity that reveals context-inflexible experience of ambient information. Contrary to expectation, it is not the level of variability per se that is particularly detrimental in early life. Rather, inflexible sensorimotor systems and/or atypical transition between behavioral states may interfere with the establishment of capacity to extract structure and important cues from sensory input at birth, preceding and contributing to an atypical brain developmental trajectory in toddlerhood.
Response induced in Mycoplasma gallisepticum under heat shock might be relevant to infection process
Authors: Butenko Ivan , Vanyushkina Anna , Pobeguts Olga , Matyushkina Daria , Kovalchuk Sergey , Gorbachev Alexey , Anikanov Nicolay , Fisunov Gleb , Govorun Vadim 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDespite the fact the term “proteome” was proposed to characterize a set of proteins in one of mycoplasma species, proteome response to various exposures in this bacteria are still obscure. Commonly, authors studying proteomic response on perturbation models in mycoplasmas use single approach and do not confirm their findings by alternative methods. Consequently, the results of proteomic analysis should be validated by complementary techniques. In this study we utilized three complementary approaches (SWATH, MRM, 2D-DIGE) to assess response of Mycoplasma gallisepticum under heat stress on proteomic level and combined these findings with metabolic response and the results of transcriptional profiling. We divide response into two modes – one is directly related to heat stress and other is triggered during heat stress, but not directly relevant to it. The latter includes accumulation of ATP and shedding of antigens. Both of these phenomena may be relevant to evasion of host’s immune system and dissemination during mycoplasmosis in vivo.
Genetic Interactions with Age, Sex, Body Mass Index, and Hypertension in Relation to Atrial Fibrillation: The AFGen Consortium
Authors: Weng Lu-Chen , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Müller-Nurasyid Martina , Smith Albert Vernon , Thériault Sébastien , Weeke Peter E. , Barnard John , Bis Joshua C. , Lyytikäinen Leo-Pekka , Kleber Marcus E. , Martinsson Andreas , Lin Henry J. , Rienstra Michiel , Trompet Stella , Krijthe Bouwe P. , Dörr Marcus , Klarin Derek , Chasman Daniel I. , Sinner Moritz F. , Waldenberger Melanie , Launer Lenore J. , Harris Tamara B. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Alonso Alvaro , Paré Guillaume , Teixeira Pedro L. , Denny Joshua C. , Shoemaker M. Benjamin , Van Wagoner David R. , Smith Jonathan D. , Psaty Bruce M. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Taylor Kent D. , Kähönen Mika , Nikus Kjell , Delgado Graciela E. , Melander Olle , Engström Gunnar , Yao Jie , Guo Xiuqing , Christophersen Ingrid E. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Geelhoed Bastiaan , Verweij Niek , Macfarlane Peter , Ford Ian , Heeringa Jan , Franco Oscar H. , Uitterlinden André G. , Völker Uwe , Teumer Alexander , Rose Lynda M. , Kääb Stefan , Gudnason Vilmundur , Arking Dan E. , Conen David , Roden Dan M. , Chung Mina K. , Heckbert Susan R. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Lehtimäki Terho , März Winfried , Smith J. Gustav , Rotter Jerome I. , van der Harst Pim , Jukema J. Wouter , Stricker Bruno H. , Felix Stephan B. , Albert Christine M. , Lubitz Steven A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIt is unclear whether genetic markers interact with risk factors to influence atrial fibrillation (AF) risk. We performed genome-wide interaction analyses between genetic variants and age, sex, hypertension, and body mass index in the AFGen Consortium. Study-specific results were combined using meta-analysis (88,383 individuals of European descent, including 7,292 with AF). Variants with nominal interaction associations in the discovery analysis were tested for association in four independent studies (131,441 individuals, including 5,722 with AF). In the discovery analysis, the AF risk associated with the minor rs6817105 allele (at the PITX2 locus) was greater among subjects ≤ 65 years of age than among those > 65 years (interaction p-value = 4.0 × 10−5). The interaction p-value exceeded genome-wide significance in combined discovery and replication analyses (interaction p-value = 1.7 × 10−8). We observed one genome-wide significant interaction with body mass index and several suggestive interactions with age, sex, and body mass index in the discovery analysis. However, none was replicated in the independent sample. Our findings suggest that the pathogenesis of AF may differ according to age in individuals of European descent, but we did not observe evidence of statistically significant genetic interactions with sex, body mass index, or hypertension on AF risk.
Decoding finger movement in humans using synergy of EEG cortical current signals
Authors: Yoshimura Natsue , Tsuda Hayato , Kawase Toshihiro , Kambara Hiroyuki , Koike Yasuharu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe synchronized activity of neuronal populations across multiple distant brain areas may reflect coordinated interactions of large-scale brain networks. Currently, there is no established method to investigate the temporal transitions between these large-scale networks that would allow, for example, to decode finger movements. Here we applied a matrix factorization method employing principal component and temporal independent component analyses to identify brain activity synchronizations. In accordance with previous studies investigating “muscle synergies”, we refer to this activity as “brain activity synergy”. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we first estimated cortical current sources (CSs) and then identified brain activity synergies within the estimated CS signals. A decoding analysis for finger movement in eight directions showed that such CS synergies provided more information for dissociating between movements than EEG sensor signals, EEG synergy, or CS signals, suggesting that temporal activation patterns of the synchronizing CSs may contain information related to motor control. A quantitative analysis of features selected by the decoders further revealed temporal transitions among the primary motor area, dorsal and ventral premotor areas, pre-supplementary motor area, and supplementary motor area, which may reflect transitions in motor planning and execution. These results provide a proof of concept for brain activity synergy estimation using CSs.
A mesocosm study of oxygen and trace metal dynamics in sediment microniches of reactive organic material
Authors: Lehto Niklas J. , Larsen Morten , Zhang Hao , Glud Ronnie N. , Davison William 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDeposition of particulate organic matter (POM) induces diagenetic hot spots at the sediment-water interface (SWI). Here we explore the effects of intensive POM degradation for metal mobilization at the SWI. By using a combined planar optode-DGT (diffusive gradient in thin-films) sensor we obtained simultaneous measurements of dissolved O2 and trace metal dynamics around an aggregate of reactive organic matter placed on the SWI of a sediment mesocosm. The aggregate induced a rapid, highly localized, decrease in O2 concentration, resulting in an anoxic feature at the SWI. Co-located with this feature, we observed intense Fe and Mn mobilization, removal of Co, Ni and Zn and found evidence for the concurrent release and precipitation of Pb within a small confined volume. We also identified two small microniches in the anoxic sediment below the SWI, defined by elevated trace metal mobilization. Differences between the metal release rates in these two microniches indicate that they were formed by the mineralisation of different types of organic matter buried in the sediment. Our results provide direct empirical evidence for the potential importance of POM-induced reactive microniches when considering the fluxes of metals from and within aquatic sediments, and suggest that other elements’ cycles may also be affected.
Conservation performance of different conservation governance regimes in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Schleicher Judith , Peres Carlos A. , Amano Tatsuya , Llactayo William , Leader-Williams Nigel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractState-controlled protected areas (PAs) have dominated conservation strategies globally, yet their performance relative to other governance regimes is rarely assessed comprehensively. Furthermore, performance indicators of forest PAs are typically restricted to deforestation, although the extent of forest degradation is greater. We address these shortfalls through an empirical impact evaluation of state PAs, Indigenous Territories (ITs), and civil society and private Conservation Concessions (CCs) on deforestation and degradation throughout the Peruvian Amazon. We integrated remote-sensing data with environmental and socio-economic datasets, and used propensity-score matching to assess: (i) how deforestation and degradation varied across governance regimes between 2006–2011; (ii) their proximate drivers; and (iii) whether state PAs, CCs and ITs avoided deforestation and degradation compared with logging and mining concessions, and the unprotected landscape. CCs, state PAs, and ITs all avoided deforestation and degradation compared to analogous areas in the unprotected landscape. CCs and ITs were on average more effective in this respect than state PAs, showing that local governance can be equally or more effective than centralized state regimes. However, there were no consistent differences between conservation governance regimes when matched to logging and mining concessions. Future impact assessments would therefore benefit from further disentangling governance regimes across unprotected land.
A Controllable and Integrated Pump-enabled Microfluidic Chip and Its Application in Droplets Generating
Authors: Zhao Bei , Cui Xingye , Ren Wei , Xu Feng , Liu Ming , Ye Zuo-Guang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA microfluidic chip with a controllable and integrated piezoelectric pump was proposed and demonstrated, where the pump was designed as a micro-actuator based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) organic piezoelectric film. In this case, the pump should integrate with the microfluidics device very well into one chip. The flow rate can be precisely controlled in the range of 0–300 µl/min for water by tuning the Vpp and frequency of Alternating Current (AC) voltage applied on the diaphragm. To analyze the relationship between the flow rate and the deflection of diaphragm, the deformations of diaphragm at different voltages were researched. The displacement of diaphragm was defined as 17.2 µm at the voltages of 3.5 kV, 5 Hz when the pump chamber was full of water. We have used the integrated microfluidic chip with two pumps for droplet generation to demonstrate its great potential for application in droplet-based microfluidic chip.
Live imaging reveals the dynamics and regulation of mitochondrial nucleoids during the cell cycle in Fucci2-HeLa cells
Authors: Sasaki Taeko , Sato Yoshikatsu , Higashiyama Tetsuya , Sasaki Narie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is organized in nucleoprotein complexes called mitochondrial nucleoids (mt-nucleoids), which are critical units of mtDNA replication and transmission. In humans, several hundreds of mt-nucleoids exist in a cell. However, how numerous mt-nucleoids are maintained during the cell cycle remains elusive, because cell cycle synchronization procedures affect mtDNA replication. Here, we analyzed regulation of the maintenance of mt-nucleoids in the cell cycle, using a fluorescent cell cycle indicator, Fucci2. Live imaging of mt-nucleoids with higher temporal resolution showed frequent attachment and detachment of mt-nucleoids throughout the cell cycle. TFAM, an mtDNA packaging protein, was involved in the regulation of this dynamic process, which was important for maintaining proper mt-nucleoid number. Both an increase in mt-nucleoid number and activation of mtDNA replication occurred during S phase. To increase mt-nucleoid number, mtDNA replication, but not nuclear DNA replication, was necessary. We propose that these dynamic and regulatory processes in the cell cycle maintain several hundred mt-nucleoids in proliferating cells.
Multiple P450s and Variation in Neuronal Genes Underpins the Response to the Insecticide Imidacloprid in a Population of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Denecke Shane , Fusetto Roberto , Martelli Felipe , Giang Alex , Battlay Paul , Fournier-Level Alexandre , O’ Hair Richard A. , Batterham Philip 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInsecticide resistance is an economically important example of evolution in response to intense selection pressure. Here, the genetics of resistance to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid is explored using the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel, a collection of inbred Drosophila melanogaster genotypes derived from a single population in North Carolina. Imidacloprid resistance varied substantially among genotypes, and more resistant genotypes tended to show increased capacity to metabolize and excrete imidacloprid. Variation in resistance level was then associated with genomic and transcriptomic variation, implicating several candidate genes involved in central nervous system function and the cytochrome P450s Cyp6g1 and Cyp6g2. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated removal of Cyp6g1 suggested that it contributed to imidacloprid resistance only in backgrounds where it was already highly expressed. Cyp6g2, previously implicated in juvenile hormone synthesis via expression in the ring gland, was shown to be expressed in metabolically relevant tissues of resistant genotypes. Cyp6g2 overexpression was shown to both metabolize imidacloprid and confer resistance. These data collectively suggest that imidacloprid resistance is influenced by a variety of previously known and unknown genetic factors.
MicroRNA-28 potentially regulates the photoreceptor lineage commitment of Müller glia-derived progenitors
Authors: Ji Hong-Pei , Xiong Yu , Song Wei-Tao , Zhang En-Dong , Gao Zhao-Lin , Yao Fei , Su Tao , Zhou Rong-Rong , Xia Xiao-Bo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRetinal degenerative diseases ultimately result into irreversible photoreceptor death or loss. At present, the most promising treatment for these diseases is cell replacement therapy. Müller glia are the major glia in the retina, displaying cardinal features of retinal progenitor cells, and can be candidate of seed cells for retinal degenerative diseases. Here, mouse retinal Müller glia dissociated and cultured in vitro amplified and were dedifferentiated into Müller glia-derived progenitors (MGDPs), demonstrating expression of stem/progenitor cell markers Nestin, Sox2 and self-renewal capacity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play unique roles in the retinogenesis, so we hypothesized miRNAs would contribute to photoreceptor lineage commitment of MGDPs. By TargetScan, Miranda, and Pictar bioinformatics, gain/loss-of-function models, dual luciferase assay, we identified and validated that miR-28 targeted the photoreceptor-specific CRX transcription factor. Anti-miR-28 could induce MGDPs to differentiate into neurons strongly expressing CRX and Rhodopsin, while miR-28 mimic suppressed CRX and Rhodopsin expression. Knockdown of CRX by siRNA blocked the expression of CRX and Rhodospin upregulated by anti-miR-28, indicating that anti-miR-28 potentially induced photoreceptor commitment of MGDPs by targeting CRX, but more experiments are necessary to confirm their role in differentiation.
Seed germination of Caragana species from different regions is strongly driven by environmental cues and not phylogenetic signals
Authors: Fang Xiang-Wen , Zhang Juan-Juan , Xu Dang-Hui , Pang Jiayin , Gao Tian-Peng , Zhang Chun-Hui , Li Feng-Min , Turner Neil C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSeed germination behavior is an important factor in the distribution of species. Many studies have shown that germination is controlled by phylogenetic constraints, however, it is not clear whether phylogenetic constraints or environmental cues explain seed germination of a genus from a common ancestor. In this study, seed germination under different temperature- and water-regimes [induced by different osmotic potentials of polyethylene glycol (PEG)] was investigated in the phylogenetically-relatedCaraganaspecies that thrive in arid, semiarid, semihumid and humid environments. The results showed that the final percentage germination (FPG) decreased from 95% in species from arid habitats to 0% in species from humid habitats, but with no significant phylogenetic signal. Rather, the response of seed germination to temperature and PEG varied greatly with species from arid to humid habitats and was tightly linked to the ecological niche of the species, their seed coat structure and abscisic acid concentration. The findings are not consistent with the hypothesis that within a family or a genus, seed germination strategies can be a stable evolutionary trait, thus constraining interspecific variation, but the results clearly show that seed germination ofCaraganaspecies distributed across a range of habitats has adapted to the environment of that habitat.
Gene expression profiling of calcifications in breast cancer
Authors: Shin Sung Ui , Lee Jeonghoon , Kim Ju Han , Kim Won Hwa , Song Sung Eun , Chu Ajung , Kim Hoe Suk , Han Wonshik , Ryu Han Suk , Moon Woo Kyung 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe investigated the gene expression profiles of calcifications in breast cancer. Gene expression analysis of surgical specimen was performed using Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Gene 2.0 ST arrays in 168 breast cancer patients. The mammographic calcifications were reviewed by three radiologists and classified into three groups according to malignancy probability: breast cancers without suspicious calcifications; breast cancers with low-to-intermediate suspicious calcifications; and breast cancers with highly suspicious calcifications. To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these three groups, a one-way analysis of variance was performed with post hoc comparisons with Tukey’s honest significant difference test. To explore the biological significance of DEGs, we used DAVID for gene ontology analysis and BioLattice for clustering analysis. A total of 2551 genes showed differential expression among the three groups. ERBB2 genes are up-regulated in breast cancers with highly suspicious calcifications (fold change 2.474, p < 0.001). Gene ontology analysis revealed that the immune, defense and inflammatory responses were decreased in breast cancers with highly suspicious calcifications compared to breast cancers without suspicious calcifications (p from 10−23 to 10−8). The clustering analysis also demonstrated that the immune system is associated with mammographic calcifications (p < 0.001). Our study showed calcifications in breast cancers are associated with high levels of mRNA expression of ERBB2 and decreased immune system activity.
Leaf thermotolerance in tropical trees from a seasonally dry climate varies along the slow-fast resource acquisition spectrum
Authors: Sastry Aniruddh , Barua Deepak 
Published: September 2017

AbstractKnowledge of the upper limits of temperature tolerance is essential to understand how tropical trees will respond to global warming. We quantified leaf thermotolerance in 41 tree species growing in a seasonally dry tropical region of the Indian subcontinent to examine: (1) differences between evergreen and deciduous species; (2) relationships with leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf size; and, (3) seasonal variation in thermotolerance. Thermotolerance ranged from 45.5 °C to 50.5 °C among species, was higher for evergreen than deciduous species, and was negatively related to a continuous estimate of deciduousness. Species with higher LMA had higher thermotolerance, but we did not detect any relationship between leaf size and thermotolerance. Seasonal changes in thermotolerance varied among species implying that species’ capacity to acclimate may differ. Thermal safety margins, the difference between thermotolerance and maximum habitat temperatures indicate that most species may be highly vulnerable to future warming. Overall our results show that deciduous, and fast growing species with low LMA are likely to be more negatively affected by global warming. This differential vulnerability may lead to directional changes in composition in dry tropical forests, and such changes could alter vegetation-atmosphere feedbacks and further exacerbate global warming.
Structural and functional insights into the periplasmic detector domain of the GacS histidine kinase controlling biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Ali-Ahmad Ahmad , Fadel Firas , Sebban-Kreuzer Corinne , Ba Moly , Pélissier Gauthier Dangla , Bornet Olivier , Guerlesquin Françoise , Bourne Yves , Bordi Christophe , Vincent Florence 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium responsible for both acute and chronic infections and has developed resistance mechanisms due to its ability to promote biofilm formation and evade host adaptive immune responses. Here, we investigate the functional role of the periplasmic detector domain (GacSPD) from the membrane-bound GacS histidine kinase, which is one of the key players for biofilm formation and coordination of bacterial lifestyles. A gacS mutant devoid of the periplasmic detector domain is severely defective in biofilm formation. Functional assays indicate that this effect is accompanied by concomitant changes in the expression of the two RsmY/Z small RNAs that control activation of GacA-regulated genes. The solution NMR structure of GacSPD reveals a distinct PDC/PAS α/β fold characterized by a three-stranded β-sheet flanked by α-helices and an atypical major loop. Point mutations in a putative ligand binding pocket lined by positively-charged residues originating primarily from the major loop impaired biofilm formation. These results demonstrate the functional role of GacSPD, evidence critical residues involved in GacS/GacA signal transduction system that regulates biofilm formation, and document the evolutionary diversity of the PDC/PAS domain fold in bacteria.