bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast growth factor 2 regulates activity and gene expression of human post‐mitotic excitatory neurons
Authors: Gupta Shweta , M‐Redmond Tanya , Meng Fan , Tidball Andrew , Akil Huda , Watson Stanley , Parent Jack M. , Uhler Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMany neuropsychiatric disorders are thought to result from subtle changes in neural circuit formation. We used human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to model mature, post‐mitotic excitatory neurons and examine effects of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). FGF2 gene expression is known to be altered in brain regions of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and FGF2 has anti‐depressive effects in animal models of depression. We generated stable inducible neurons (siNeurons) conditionally expressing human neurogenin‐2 (NEUROG2) to generate a homogenous population of post‐mitotic excitatory neurons and study the functional as well as the transcriptional effects of FGF2. Upon induction of NEUROG2 with doxycycline, the vast majority of cells are post‐mitotic, and the gene expression profile recapitulates that of excitatory neurons within 6 days. Using hES cell lines that inducibly express NEUROG2 as well as GCaMP6f, we were able to characterize spontaneous calcium activity in these neurons and show that calcium transients increase in the presence of FGF2. The FGF2‐responsive genes were determined by RNA‐Seq. FGF2‐regulated genes previously identified in non‐neuronal cell types were up‐regulated (EGR1, ETV4, SPRY4, and DUSP6) as a result of chronic FGF2 treatment of siNeurons. Novel neuron‐specific genes were also identified that may mediate FGF2‐dependent increases in synaptic efficacy including NRXN3, SYT2, and GALR1. Since several of these genes have been implicated in MDD previously, these results will provide the basis for more mechanistic studies of the role of FGF2 in MDD.
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Comparison of clinical outcomes of coronary artery stent implantation in patients with end‐stage chronic kidney disease including hemodialysis for three everolimus eluting (EES) stent designs: Bioresorbable polymer‐EES, platinum chromium‐EES, and cobalt chrome‐EES
Authors: Sato Takao , Hatada Katsuharu , Kishi Syohei , Fuse Koichi , Fujita Satoshi , Ikeda Yoshio , Takahashi Minoru , Matsubara Taku , Okabe Masaaki , Aizawa Yoshifusa 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundsNew‐generation bioresorbable polymer‐everolimus eluting stents (BP‐EES) are available. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes for BP‐EES compared to more established stent designs, namely the platinum chromium‐EES (PtCr‐EES) and cobalt chrome‐EES(CoCr‐EES) in patients with the end‐stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) including hemodialysis (HD).MethodsOne‐hundred‐forty‐one consecutive stents (BP‐EES [n = 44], PtCr‐EES [n = 45], and CoCr‐EES [n = 52]) were implanted in 104 patients with CKD. All patients underwent a follow‐up coronary angiography at 12 months after implantation. End‐stage CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, or the need for HD. The following outcome variables were compared among the three stent groups after implantation and the 12‐month follow‐up: target lesion revascularization (TLR), stent thrombosis (ST), and major adverse cardiac event (MACE). Minimal stent diameter (MSD) and %diameter‐stenosis (%DS) were measured using quantitative coronary angiography.ResultsThe overall rate of TLR and MACE was 14.6% and 30.8%, respectively, with no incidence of ST. Immediately after implantation, the MSD (P = 0.22) and %DS (P = 0.42) were equivalent among the three groups. However, at the 12‐month follow‐up, a tendency towards higher TLR was observed for the BP‐EES group (22.7%) compared with the PtCr‐EES (8.8%) and CoCr‐EES (9.6%) groups (P = 0.07). Late loss in lumen diameter was also significantly greater for the BP‐EES (0.51 ± 0.64 mm) group than either the PtCr‐EES (0.20 ± 0.61 mm) and CoCr‐EES (0.25 ± 0.70 mm) groups (P = 0.03).ConclusionsBP‐EES might increase the risk of in‐stent restenosis in patients with end‐stage of CKD or the need for HD.
Differences in consumer perception of Korean traditional soybean paste (Doenjang) between younger and older consumers by blind and informed tests
Authors: Kwak Han Sub , Jung Hee Yeon , Kim Mi Jeong , Kim Sang Sook 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of age groups on consumer acceptance of traditional doenjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste, by blinded and informed tests. Young (20–30 years old, n = 116) and old (40–50 years old, n = 121) adults participated in consumer acceptance tests of three commercial and 11 traditional doenjang samples. Overall, acceptance slightly increased, while willingness to pay increased significantly (p < .05) in the informed test compared with the blinded test. Throughout the cluster analysis, consumers were divided into two clusters by preference for each age group and test type. Old adults were influenced by information, and they assigned additional value to “traditional” processing, distinguishing traditional samples from commercial ones in the informed test. In contrast, the young adults did not show any significant differences in sample loading between the blinded and informed tests, implying that young consumers place no additional value on “traditional” processing of doenjang.Practical applicationsAge groups in the consumer acceptance test showed different consumer attitude toward a traditional food, a fermented soybean paste in this study. Consideration of age groups is critical when drastic changes in dietary habit, culture, and so on are existed in the society for the sensory evaluation of traditional foods. The finding of this study might suggest the separate consumer acceptance tests for young and old adults to obtain more insight from the products. Therefore, the industry that produce traditional foods need to consider age groups in their consumer acceptance test.
Pre‐operative parameters do not reliably identify post‐operative respiratory risk in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Thavagnanam Surendran , Cheong Saou Y , Chinna Karuthan , Nathan Anna M , de Bruyne Jessie A 
Published: November 2017

AimAdenotonsillectomy is performed in children with recurrent tonsillitis or obstructive sleep apnoea. Children at risk of post‐operative respiratory complications are recommended to be monitored in paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The aim of the study is to review the risk factors for post‐operative complications and admissions to PICU.MethodsA review of medical records of children who underwent adenotonsillectomy between January 2011 and December 2014 was performed. Association between demographic variables and post‐operative complications were examined using chi‐square and Mann–Whitney tests.ResultsA total of 214 children were identified, and of these, 19 (8.8%) experienced post‐operative complications. Six children (2.8%) had respiratory complications: hypoxaemia in four and laryngospasm requiring reintubation in a further two. Both of the latter patients were extubated upon arrival to PICU and required no escalation of therapy. A total of 13 (6.1%) children had non‐respiratory complications: 8 (3.7%) had infection and 5 (2.3%) had haemorrhage. A total of 26 (12.1%) children were electively admitted to PICU and mean stay was 19.5 (SD ± 13) h. No association between demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions or polysomnographic parameters and post‐operative complications were noted. A total of 194 (90.7%) children stayed only one night in hospital (median 1 day, range 1–5 days).ConclusionThe previously identified risk factors and criteria for PICU admission need revision, and new recommendations are necessary.
The role of melatonin on chemotherapy-induced reproductive toxicity
Authors: Haghi-Aminjan Hamed , Asghari Mohammad Hossein , Farhood Bagher , Rahimifard Mahban , Hashemi Goradel Nasser , Abdollahi Mohammad 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Reproductive malfunctions after chemotherapy still are a reason of reducing fertility and need specialized intensive care. The aim of this review was to investigate the effect of melatonin on the reproductive system under threatening with chemotherapeutic drugs.

Methods
To find the role of melatonin in the reproductive system during chemotherapy, a full systematic literature search was carried out based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines in the electronic databases up to 17 April 2017 using search terms in the titles and abstracts. A total of 380 articles are screened according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 18 articles were included in this study.

Key findings
It has been cleared that melatonin has bilateral effects on reproductive cells. Melatonin protects normal cells via mechanisms, including decrease in oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and modulating mitochondrial function, and sexual hormones. Furthermore, melatonin with antiproliferative properties and direct effects on its receptors improves reproductive injury and function during chemotherapy. On the other hand, melatonin sensitizes the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and enhances chemotherapy-induced toxicity in cancerous cells through increasing apoptosis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial malfunction.

Conclusions
The study provides evidence of the bilateral role of melatonin in the reproductive system during chemotherapy.
Current state and future of pediatric allergology in Europe: A road map
Authors: Tsilochristou Olympia , Maggina Paraskevi , Zolkipli Zaraquiza , Sanchez Garcia Silvia , Uysal Pinar , Alvaro Lozano Montserrat , Atanaskovic‐Markovic Marina , Baghdasaryan Astghik , Beyer Kirsten , DuToit George , Gerth van Wijk Roy , Høst Arne , O'Hourihane Jonathan , Ingemann Lars , Kivistö Juho E. , Lopes dos Santos Jose Manuel , Melén Erik , Muraro Antonella , Nieto Antonio , Pajno Giovanni , Rose Klaus , Réthy Lagos A. , Sackesen Cansin , Schmid Grendelmeier Peter , Valovirta Erkka , Wickman Magnus , Eigenmann Philippe A. , Wahn Ulrich , van der Poel Lauri‐Ann 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe history of pediatric allergology (PA) in Europe is relatively youthful, dating back to 1984, when a small group of pediatricians founded the European Working Group on Pediatric Allergy and Immunology—later giving rise to ESPACI (European Society on Pediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology). In 1990, the first dedicated journal, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (PAI), was founded. There are striking differences across Europe, and even within European countries, in relation to the training pathways for doctors seeing children with allergic disease(s). In 2016, the EAACIClemens von Pirquet Foundation (CvP) organized and sponsored a workshop with the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Pediatric Section. This collaboration focussed on the future of PA and specifically on education, research, and networking/ advocacy. The delegates representing many countries across Europe have endorsed the concept that optimal care of children with allergic diseases is delivered by pediatricians who have received dedicated training in allergy, or allergists who have received dedicated training in pediatrics. In order to meet the needs of children and families with allergic disease(s), the pediatric allergist is highly encouraged to develop several networks. Our challenge is to reinforce a clear strategic approach to scientific excellence to across our member base and to ensure and enhance the relevance of European pediatric research in allergy. With research opportunities in basic, translational, clinical, and epidemiologic trials, more trainees and trained specialists are needed and it is an exciting time to be a pediatric allergologist.
Association of prenatal folate status with early childhood wheeze and atopic dermatitis
Authors: Roy A. , Kocak M. , Hartman T. J. , Vereen S. , Adgent M. , Piyathilake C. , Tylavsky F. A. , Carroll K. N. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal folic acid supplementation is recommended to prevent birth defects. Some foods are fortified in the USA to ensure sufficient intake among reproductive‐aged women. However, high prenatal folate exposure may be a risk factor for childhood atopic diseases. We investigated associations between prenatal folate and early childhood wheeze and atopic dermatitis in a US cohort.MethodsWe studied 858 mother‐child dyads, enrolled prenatally. Folate was measured in 2nd and 3rd trimester maternal plasma. Parents reported current wheeze (previous 12 months) and healthcare provider diagnosis of atopic dermatitis at 3 years. We examined associations using logistic regression, modeling folate continuously and dichotomously (< or ≥20 ng/mL), a level often considered supraphysiologic.ResultsOver half of women were African American and on Medicaid. Median (interquartile range) folate levels were 22.6 (15.9‐30.0) and 23.1 (16.1‐30.0) ng/mL for 2nd and 3rd trimesters, respectively. Current wheeze and atopic dermatitis were reported for 20.4% and 26.8% of children, respectively. Second trimester folate as a continuous exposure was not significantly associated with outcomes. Decreased odds of current wheeze were observed in children born to mothers who had 2nd trimester folate ≥20 ng/mL (adjusted odds ratios = 0.67, 95% confidence interval = 0.46, 0.97) compared to children with maternal levels <20 ng/mL. Third trimester folate was not associated with outcomes.ConclusionsHigh plasma folate in mid‐pregnancy was associated with decreased odds of current wheeze at age 3. Our findings do not support harmful effects of high prenatal folate levels on childhood atopic diseases in this setting.
Trajectory of spirometric and exhaled nitric oxide measurements in Chinese schoolchildren with asthma
Authors: Leung Ting F. , Tang Man F. , Leung Agnes S. Y. , Tam Wilson W. S. , Sy Hing Y. , Wong Gary W. K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundLung function growth occurs in most asthmatic children. A subgroup has subnormal lung function trajectory, but such data are limited in children. This prospective study characterized longitudinal changes of spirometric indices and fractional exhaled nitric oxide level (FeNO) among asthmatic children and identified their genetic and environmental determinants.MethodsChinese asthmatic children recruited from pediatric clinics underwent 5‐year follow‐up for pre‐bronchodilator spirometric indices and FeNO. Fourteen asthma‐associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped. Generalized estimating equation was used to analyze longitudinal changes of spirometric indices and FeNO.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐three asthmatic children, aged 9.7 (1.9) years, had significant annual decline of 1.3% for forced vital capacity (FVC) and annual increase of 1.2% and 3.6% for FEV1/FVC and FEF25‐75, respectively. Patients who received inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) had 2.4% lower baseline FEV1/FVC but 0.81% higher annual increase in FEV1. Body mass index (BMI) was associated inversely with FEV1/FVC but positively with FEV1% and FVC% changes. Asthma exacerbation was associated with lower FEV1% and FVC% but not their longitudinal changes. When classified by FEV1 curve, one‐quarter of patients had reduced lung function growth which was associated with female gender and lower spirometric and higher FeNO values at baseline. IL33_rs1342326 was associated with spirometric indices and FeNO, whereas GSDMB_rs2305480 was significantly associated with FEV1/FVC change.ConclusionAsthmatic children have annual decline in FVC and increase in FEV1/FVC and FEF25‐75. Their lung function trajectory is influenced by gender, ICS treatment, BMI, and asthma exacerbations. IL33 and GSDMB may be candidate genes for their lung function growth.
Causal discovery algorithms: A practical guide
Authors: Malinsky Daniel , Danks David 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMany investigations into the world, including philosophical ones, aim to discover causal knowledge, and many experimental methods have been developed to assist in causal discovery. More recently, algorithms have emerged that can also learn causal structure from purely or mostly observational data, as well as experimental data. These methods have started to be applied in various philosophical contexts, such as debates about our concepts of free will and determinism. This paper provides a “user's guide” to these methods, though not in the sense of specifying exact button presses in a software package. Instead, we explain the larger “pipeline” within which these methods are used and discuss key steps in moving from initial research idea to validated causal structure.
Playing papal politics: senatorial and monastic allies in early modern Bologna
Authors: Callegari Danielle , McHugh Shannon 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAs has been well established, Bologna and Rome maintained a contentious relationship during the early modern period. Though technically under the sovereignty of the Church, Bologna clung obdurately to its republican past, enabled by both cultural tradition and legal loophole, leading historians to label it a ‘republic by contract’. However, scholars have yet to grapple with the ways Bolognese women, especially women religious, participated in this pro‐civic, anti‐papal network. At the same time that the senators of Bologna, though often divided by factionalism, were unified in their disdain for the tightening of the papal collar, cloistered women found themselves under assault by a Church endeavoring to limit their autonomy in the tense decades following the Council of Trent (1545–63). This environment set the stage for a natural, if unexpected, alliance between the city's senate and its nuns. The two groups perceived the encroaching papal power as a threat to their sovereignty, and both recognized the strength that could be derived from a united Bolognese front. A batch of previously unstudied archival letters in Bologna's Archivio di Stato documents this partnership, revealing senatorial and monastic parties negotiating fruitfully – and with surprising parity – in the public sphere.
What Is Local Food Entrepreneurship? Variations in the Commercially and Socially Oriented Features of Entrepreneurship in the Southeastern Arizona Local Food System
Authors: Mars Matthew M. , Schau Hope Jensen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEntrepreneurial activities are sometimes framed as market‐based strategies that compromise the integrity of the movement against the global agrifood system. Other times, scholars have argued that entrepreneurship is a critical component of local food system viability. This study helps reconcile these conflicting views through a qualitative exploration of the variations in the commercially and socially oriented features of local food entrepreneurship in the southeastern Arizona local food system. Researchers gathered data between August 2014 and December 2016 through semistructured interviews with and direct observations of 36 southeastern Arizona local food entrepreneurs. A conceptual continuum that articulates the variations between commercial and social entrepreneurship according to market condition, mission, resource mobilization, and performance measurement guides the exploration. The findings reveal commercial and social variations in local food entrepreneurship to be assorted, yet synergistic enactments of the economic, environmental, and social conditions and principles that characterize the southeastern Arizona local food system. The findings push the local food entrepreneurship narrative beyond the limitations of a rigid activist‐market dichotomy by illuminating the synergistic complexities that influence the form and function of local food systems. The article discusses implications for both local food practitioners and scholars.
Healing of self‐inflicted thermal injury of palatal mucosa by low‐level laser therapy
Authors: Ahad Abdul , Tasneem Shazra , Lamba Arundeep Kaur , Khan Saif 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTSelf‐inflicted injury to oral mucosa is a rare entity. These injuries can be premeditated, accidental, or can result from an abnormal habit. These uncommon gingival injuries can sometimes test the clinician's diagnostic abilities as well as treatment planning skills. In conventional treatment, removal of etiology and application of topical drugs is usually sufficient for healing. However, some cases require alternative or adjunctive wound healing methods. Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) has been reported to be effective in pain management and improvement in wound healing through promotion, fortification, and commissioning of cellular cycle to generate productive and substitute cells. This report presents a case of 25‐year‐old female with complaints of a painful, nonhealing wound on the palate for last 6 months. She had an unusual habit of keeping burning matchsticks in her mouth. Although she had quit the habit 2 months ago after psychiatric counseling, the wound on her palate did not show any improvement in symptoms. Based on the history and clinical findings, diagnosis of chronic wound by self‐inflicted thermal injury was made. LLLT was administered on the wound every 48 hours for next 10 days. The burn wound healed completely after five applications of LLLT.
Anderson’s Restriction of Deontic Modalities to Contingent Propositions
Authors: Pascucci Matteo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe deontic status of tautologies and contradictions is one of the major puzzles for authors of early works on deontic logic. It is well‐known that von Wright (1951) addresses this problem by adopting a Principle of Deontic Contingency, which says that tautologies are not necessarily obligatory and contradictions are not necessarily forbidden. A more radical solution is proposed by Anderson (1956) within a reductionist approach to deontic logic and consists in restricting the range of application of deontic modalities to contingent propositions. Anderson’s solution has not received much attention in the literature, despite reflecting a typical feature of ordinary deontic reasoning, where non‐contingent propositions are rarely, if ever, taken into account. In the present article we explore some of its formal consequences, providing a taxonomy of the properties of the Andersonian operators of obligation and permission for contingent propositions, O′ and P′, in the class of normal alethic systems.
Genomewide association study of HLA alloimmunization in previously pregnant blood donors
Authors: Seielstad Mark , Page Grier P. , Gaddis Nathan , Lanteri Marion , Lee Tzong‐Hae , Kakaiya Ram , Barcellos Lisa F. , Criswell Lindsey A. , Triulzi Darrell , Norris Philip J. , Busch Michael P. ,   for the NHLBI REDS‐III Study Investigators
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDAlloimmunization through blood transfusion, transplantation, or circulating fetal cells during pregnancy is a significant concern. Some exposed individuals make alloantibodies while others do not, implying variation in genetic risk factors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe conducted a genomewide association study (GWAS) of 9,427,497 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify genetic variants for HLA alloimmunization in previously pregnant blood donors with (n = 752) and without (n = 753) HLA Class I or II alloantibodies.RESULTSA SNP in the neurexophilin 2 (NXPH2) gene surpassed genome‐wide significance (p = 2.06 × 10−8), with multiple adjacent markers p < 10−6, for women with anti‐Class I alloantibodies only. Little is currently known about the function of NXPH2, although gene family members have been shown to impact immunity. SNPs in the E2F7 gene, a transcription factor related to cell cycle control and cellular proliferation, also approached genomewide significance (p = 2.5 × 10−7).CONCLUSIONFurther work to extend the GWAS approach and to characterize variants in NXPH2 and E2F7 in the context of alloantibody formation is warranted.