bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐traumatic stress symptoms in children and adolescents with chronic pain: A topical review of the literature and a proposed framework for future research
Authors: Holley A.L. , Wilson A.C. , Noel M. , Palermo T.M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe co‐occurrence of chronic pain and post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has gained increasing research attention. Studies on associations among pain and PTSS or PTSD in youth have largely been conducted in the context of acute injury or trauma. Less is known about the risk for co‐occurrence with paediatric chronic pain. In this review, we (1) propose a conceptual framework to outline factors salient during childhood that may be associated with symptom severity, co‐occurrence and mutual maintenance, (2) present relevant literature on PTSS in youth with acute and chronic pain and identify research gaps and (3) provide recommendations to guide paediatric research examining shared symptomatology.Databases and data treatmentElectronic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) were used to identify relevant articles using the search terms ‘child, adolescent, paediatric, chronic pain, acute pain, post‐traumatic stress symptoms and post‐traumatic stress disorder’. Studies were retrieved and reviewed based on relevance to the topic.ResultsOur findings revealed that existing biobehavioural and ecological models of paediatric chronic pain lack attention to traumatic events or the potential development of PTSS. Paediatric studies are also limited by lack of a conceptual framework for understanding the prevalence, risk and trajectories of PTSS in youth with chronic pain.ConclusionsOur new developmentally informed framework highlights individual symptoms and shared contextual factors that are important when examining potential associations among paediatric chronic pain and PTSS. Future studies should consider bidirectional and mutually maintaining associations, which will be aided by prospective, longitudinal designs.What does this review add?

This review presents relevant literature on pain and PTSS in youth and proposes a conceptual framework to examine factors salient during childhood that may be associated with symptom severity, comorbidity and mutual maintenance of chronic pain and PTSS in paediatric populations.

We highlight dynamic factors that may change across children's development and provide recommendations to guide paediatric research examining potential associations among PTSS and chronic pain.
Obsessional and Eating Disorder‐related Intrusive Thoughts: Differences and Similarities Within and Between Individuals Vulnerable to OCD or to EDs
Authors: Belloch Amparo , Roncero María , Perpiñá Conxa 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUnwanted intrusive cognitions constitute the normal variant of clinically significant intrusive cognitions found in disorders such as obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) and eating disorders (EDs). This study investigates whether individuals who are vulnerable to OCD or EDs experience more intrusions than people with no vulnerability to these disorders, and it examines the consequences of obsessional (OITs) and eating disorder (EDITs) intrusions in the same individuals, taking into account their susceptibility to OCD, EDs or neither of the two. From a sample of 922 participants, three groups were formed: risk of OCD (n = 92), risk of EDs (n = 41) and a no‐risk group (n = 100). EDITs were more frequent than OITs in the two risk groups. Within‐group comparisons showed that in the OCD‐risk group, the OIT had more negative consequences (interference, emotional distress, dysfunctional appraisals and neutralizing strategies) than the EDIT, whereas in the ED‐risk group, the OIT and the EDIT instigated similar negative consequences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The 6‐Item Cognitive Impairment Test as a bedside screening for dementia in general hospital patients: results of the General Hospital Study (GHoSt)
Authors: Hessler Johannes Baltasar , Schäufele Martina , Hendlmeier Ingrid , Nora Junge Magdalena , Leonhardt Sarah , Weber Joshua , Bickel Horst 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the psychometric quality of the 6‐Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6CIT) as a bedside screening for the detection of dementia in general hospital patients.MethodParticipants (N = 1,440) were inpatients aged ≥65 of 33 randomly selected general hospitals in Southern Germany. The 6CIT was conducted at bedside, and dementia was diagnosed according to DSM‐IV. Nursing staff was asked to rate the patients' cognitive status, and previous diagnoses of dementia were extracted from medical records. Completion rates and validity statistics were calculated.ResultsTwo‐hundred seventy patients had dementia. Cases with delirium but no dementia were excluded. Feasibility was 97.9% and 83.3% for patients without and with dementia, respectively, and decreased from moderate (93.8%) to severe dementia (53%). The area under the curve of the 6CIT was 0.98. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for the cutoffs 7/8 (0.96, 0.82, 0.85, 0.52, 0.99) and 10/11 (0.88, 0.95, 0.94, 0.76, 0.98). The nurse ratings and medical records information had lower validity statistics. Logistic regression analyses revealed that the 6CIT statistically significantly provided information above nurse ratings and medical records. Twenty‐five and 37 additional patients were correctly classified by the 7/8 and 10/11 cutoffs, respectively.ConclusionThe 6CIT is a feasible and valid screening tool for the detection of dementia in older general hospital patients. The 6CIT outperformed the nurse ratings of cognitive status and dementia diagnoses from medical records, suggesting that standardized screening may have benefits with regard to case finding. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abnormal reward circuitry in anorexia nervosa: A longitudinal, multimodal MRI study
Authors: Cha Jiook , Ide Jaime S. , Bowman F. Dubois , Simpson Helen B. , Posner Jonathan , Steinglass Joanna E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a debilitating illness and existing interventions are only modestly effective. This study aimed to determine whether AN pathophysiology is associated with altered connections within fronto‐accumbal circuitry subserving reward processing. Diffusion and resting‐state functional MRI scans were collected in female inpatients with AN (n = 22) and healthy controls (HC; n = 18) between the ages of 16 and 25 years. Individuals with AN were scanned during the acute, underweight phase of the illness and again following inpatient weight restoration. HC were scanned twice over the same timeframe. Based on univariate and multivariate analyses of fronto‐accumbal circuitry, underweight individuals with AN were found to have increased structural connectivity (diffusion probabilistic tractography), increased white matter anisotropy (tract‐based spatial statistics), increased functional connectivity (seed‐based correlation in resting‐state fMRI), and altered effective connectivity (spectral dynamic causal modeling). Following weight restoration, fronto‐accumbal structural connectivity continued to be abnormally increased bilaterally with large (partial η2 = 0.387; right NAcc‐OFC) and moderate (partial η2 = 0.197; left NAcc‐OFC) effect sizes. Increased structural connectivity within fronto‐accumbal circuitry in the underweight state correlated with severity of eating disorder symptoms. Taken together, the findings from this longitudinal, multimodal neuroimaging study offer converging evidence of atypical fronto‐accumbal circuitry in AN. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3835–3846, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of Optimal Pipe Size Design Tool for Irrigation Systems and its Application to Saemangeum Reclamation Area
Authors: Yoo Do Guen , Kim Young Hwa , Kim Young Deuk , Cho Jaeyong , Kim Joong Hoon 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study aims to develop an economical tool for pipe size (diameter) design, i.e. a model, by using optimization techniques for agricultural irrigation systems. The developed model is validated through applications to an actual target region (Saemangeum reclamation area, zone 6). A newly developed metaheuristic optimization algorithm, termed a proportional genetic harmony search algorithm (PGHSA), is proposed in this study. To evaluate the optimization results of pipe diameters for the target region, the cost and hydraulic results of the initial and optimal designs are investigated by means of a comparison. Spatial equalization of nodal pressure and the economic velocity of each pipe are used as indicators for evaluating the hydraulic stability of the irrigation system. The results indicate that the proposed optimal design model can save construction cost considerably, by 1–11%, in comparison to the original plans. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organic Fertilisation Increases C and N Stocks and Reduces Soil Organic Matter Stability in Mediterranean Vegetable Gardens
Authors: Garcia‐Pausas Jordi , Rabissi Agnese , Rovira Pere , Romanyà Joan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGiven their organic matter (OM) depletion, agricultural soils can act as carbon (C) sinks if adequate management practices are implemented. OM stabilisation in highly OM‐depleted agricultural soils may depend upon the allocation of OM inputs among particle size fractions that differ in their capacity to stabilise OM. In a set of vegetable garden fields, we determined the magnitude of the differences in soil C and N content between organically and conventionally managed fields and the incorporation of the increased C and N pools to the fine fractions as an indication of the stability of the soil OM accrual. It was carried out in a stockless scenario in which exogenous OM was only used in organically managed fields for the last 20 years (as opposed to conventional management only using mineral fertilisers). Organic fertilisation caused a notable increase in soil organic C and N stocks compared with mineral‐fertilised soils. Such increase remained significant below the plough depth. C and N content increased at all fractions, but the relative contribution of the fine‐silt‐plus‐clay fraction to total C and N decreased at all depths. We concluded that organic management increases soil OM storage, but overall, the stability of the increased OM stocks decreases slightly. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrafast all‐optical order‐to‐chaos transition in silicon photonic crystal chips
Authors: Bruck Roman , Liu Changxu , Muskens Otto L. , Fratalocchi Andrea , Di  Falco Andrea 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe interaction of light with nanostructured materials provides exciting new opportunities for investigating classical wave analogies of quantum phenomena. A topic of particular interest forms the interplay between wave physics and chaos in systems where a small perturbation can drive the behavior from the classical to chaotic regime. Here, we report an all‐optical laser‐driven transition from order to chaos in integrated chips on a silicon photonics platform. A square photonic crystal microcavity at telecom wavelengths is tuned from an ordered into a chaotic regime through a perturbation induced by ultrafast laser pulses in the ultraviolet range. The chaotic dynamics of weak probe pulses in the near infrared is characterized for different pump‐probe delay times and at various positions in the cavity, with high spatial accuracy. Our experimental analysis, confirmed by numerical modelling based on random matrices, demonstrates that nonlinear optics can be used to control reversibly the chaotic behavior of light in optical resonators.
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Mixed Eulerian–Lagrangian description in materials processing: deformation of a metal sheet in a rolling mill
Authors: Vetyukov Yu. , Gruber P. G. , Krommer M. , Gerstmayr J. , Gafur I. , Winter G. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe paper is concerned with the modeling of the planar motion of a horizontal sheet of metal in a rolling mill. Inhomogeneous velocity profiles, with which the material is generated at one roll stand and enters the next one, lead to the time evolution of the deformation of the metal strip. We propose a novel kinematic description in which the axial coordinate is an Eulerian one, while the transverse motion of the sheet is modeled in a Lagrangian framework. The material volume travels across a finite element mesh, whose boundaries are in contact with the roll stands.The concise mathematical formulation of the method is different from the classical form of the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian approach with a rate form of constitutive relations.The undeformed state of the strip is incompatible owing to the varying time rate of the generation of material. We treat this phenomenon by introducing the notion of intrinsic strains, which are mathematically described using the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient.We currently present the approach for quasistatic simulations of in‐plane elastoplastic deformations of the strip. A practically relevant problem with two strip segments and three roll stands is studied in a numerical example. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Glimpse of Our Journey into the Design of Optical Probes in Self‐assembled Surfactant Aggregates
Authors: Dey Nilanjan , Bhattacharya Santanu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDynamic self‐assembling amphiphilic surfactant molecules, popularly known as “micelles”, have received widespread attention, due to their ability to modulate the photophysical properties of various organic dyes upon encapsulation. Along with their well‐known use as cleaning agents, catalysts in organic reactions, and even for drug delivery purposes, these surfactant assemblies also show promising pertinence in the recognition of both ionic and nonionic targeted analytes. Low micropolarity and relatively hydrophobic environments promote their interaction with ionic analytes, whereas neutral species mostly affect the aggregation pattern of the probe molecules upon partitioning inside the micellar hydrophobic milieu. The environment‐sensitive nature of micelle‐based self‐assembled probes also prompts us to devise new sensor arrays for the recognition of multiple analytes. While this account will largely focus on our own work in developing surfactant‐triggered self‐assembled sensors, our findings have been placed in the context of the relevant contributions from others during their strategic evolution.
The role of a museum‐based science education program in promoting content knowledge and science motivation
Authors: Martin Andrew J. , Durksen Tracy L. , Williamson Derek , Kiss Julia , Ginns Paul 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInformal learning settings such as museums have been identified as opportunities to enhance students' knowledge and motivation in science and to optimize the connection between science and everyday life. The present study assessed the role of a self‐paced science education program (situated in a medical science museum) in enhancing students' program‐related content knowledge, self‐efficacy, valuing, and aspirations. The study also investigated whether gains in content knowledge recall and motivation (as relevant to biology, anatomy, health) are associated with reported improvements in beliefs about health practices relevant to everyday life. The program aligned with a well‐established tripartite engagement framework conforming to cognitive, behavioral, and emotional engagement principles as well as principles underpinning guided discovery learning. Among a sample of N = 167 (upper) elementary and secondary school students (aged 10–16 years, M = 12.62 years), we found significant gains in content knowledge recall (achievement) and science motivation (self‐efficacy, valuing, aspirations) following participation in the science program. Additionally, gains in content knowledge recall and motivation were associated with reported improvements in beliefs about everyday health practices. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 1364–1384, 2016
Coordination Polymers with 2D → 3D Interdigitated Arrays Based on 5‐(4‐(1H‐1,2,4‐Triazol‐1‐yl)phenyl)‐1H‐tetrazole: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties
Authors: Wang Xi‐Chi , Chen Yu , Yuan Hao , Yang Qi , Zeng Xiao‐Shan , Qiu Hai‐Jiang , Xiao Dong‐Rong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe interdigitated coordination networks [Cu(tyty)] (1) and [Cu1.5(L1)(L2)(tyty)] (2) [Htyty = 5‐(4‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)phenyl)‐1H‐tetrazole, HL1 = 2,3,4,5‐tetrachlorobenzoic acid, HL2 = 2,3,4,5,6‐pentachlorobenzoic acid], were hydrothermally synthesized and further characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, powder X‐ray diffraction, elemental analyses, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, and TG analyses. Compound 1 consists of unique 2D double‐bilayers, which are interdigitated by adjacent 2D double‐bilayers to yield a 2D → 3D interdigitated framework. Compound 1 is the first example of a coordination polymer containing double‐bilayer motifs. Compound 2 exhibits a new 2D → 3D interdigitated network, which is assembled from sidearm‐containing 2D layers that are formed by tyty anions and rod‐shaped secondary building units. The magnetic properties of 2 were also investigated.
Model checking learning agent systems using Promela with embedded C code and abstraction
Authors: Kirwan Ryan , Miller Alice , Porr Bernd 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

As autonomous systems become more prevalent, methods for their verification will become more widely used. Model checking is a formal verification technique that can help ensure the safety of autonomous systems, but in most cases it cannot be applied by novices, or in its straight “off-the-shelf” form. In order to be more widely applicable it is crucial that more sophisticated techniques are used, and are presented in a way that is reproducible by engineers and verifiers alike. In this paper we demonstrate in detail two techniques that are used to increase the power of model checking using the model checker S
pin
. The first of these is the use of embedded C code within Promela specifications, in order to accurately reflect robot movement. The second is to use abstraction together with a simulation relation to allow us to verify multiple environments simultaneously. We apply these techniques to a fairly simple system in which a robot moves about a fixed circular environment and learns to avoid obstacles. The learning algorithm is inspired by the way that insects learn to avoid obstacles in response to pain signals received from their antennae. Crucially, we prove that our abstraction is sound for our example system—a step that is often omitted but is vital if formal verification is to be widely accepted as a useful and meaningful approach.
Evaluating biochemical methane production from brewer’s spent yeast
Authors: Sosa-Hernández Ornella , Parameswaran Prathap , Alemán-Nava Gibrán Sidney , Torres César I , Parra-Saldívar Roberto 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Anaerobic digestion treatment of brewer’s spent yeast (SY) is a viable option for bioenergy capture. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay was performed with three different samples (SY1, SY2, and SY3) and SY1 dilutions (75, 50, and 25 % on a v/v basis). Gompertz-equation parameters denoted slow degradability of SY1 with methane production rates of 14.59–4.63 mL/day and lag phases of 10.72–19.7 days. Performance and kinetic parameters were obtained with the Gompertz equation and the first-order hydrolysis model with SY2 and SY3 diluted 25 % and SY1 50 %. A SY2 25 % gave a 17 % of TCOD conversion to methane as well as shorter lag phase (&lt;1 day). Average estimated hydrolysis constant for SY was 0.0141 (±0.003) day−1, and SY2 25 % was more appropriate for faster methane production. Methane capture and biogas composition were dependent upon the SY source, and co-digestion (or dilution) can be advantageous.
Prevalence and Relationship Between Maternal Periodontal Disease and Preterm Low Birth Weight Baby
Authors: Kumari Prabha , Mendiratta Sumanlata , Sharma Subodh , Popli Sangeeta 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and relationship between maternal periodontal disease and preterm low birth weight (LBW) babies among women delivering at Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India. A case control study was performed on 150 women fulfilling the selection criteria over a period of one year. The study consisted of 50 cases, (women delivering preterm babies weighing ≤2.5 kg, Group I) and 100 controls (women delivering babies at ≥37 weeks and weighing >2.5 kg, Group II). Associated risk factors for preterm low birth weight (PT-LBW) were ascertained by means of a structured questionnaire and maternal notes. Women having any of the possible risk factors for preterm LBW were either excluded or confounded in the study. The prevalence of periodontal disease was assessed by the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) scoring method, with scores ranging from 0 to 4. Data were analyzed using Graphpad Prism-5 software. P value and odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval were calculated as and when required for statistical analysis. Prevalence of periodontal disease was 84.66 % (n = 150) in the study population. Prevalence of periodontal disease was high, at least in some form or other, in cases (100 %) as compared to controls (77 %). The prevalence of severe periodontal disease (CPITN score-4) was 8 % in cases and 3 % in controls. Periodontal disease is an avoidable risk factor for LBW as almost all of the known risk factors for LBW were either excluded or confounded during the study. Hence, routine periodontal examination and advice on good oral hygiene should be included as part of preconceptional care and antenatal checkups during pregnancy. Any dysfunction should be thoroughly investigated and treated for the sake of health of both mother and baby.
Stroke Survivors who Fall: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Survey in Nigeria
Authors: Vincent-Onabajo Grace , Gamawa Adamu Usman , Ali Mohammad Usman , Gujba Fatima Kachalla , Masta Mamman Ali 
Published: June 2016

Background: Falls and fall-related injuries rank among the most common complications after stroke, and are characterised by high rates of morbidity and mortality. This study examined the proportion, and the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of those who fell among stroke survivors attending physiotherapy facilities in selected hospitals in Nigeria.Methods: Socio-demographic, clinical and falls data were obtained using a researcher-designed questionnaire while the modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to assess functional ability of the participants. Descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used to summarise all data. Pearson's Chi square statistic was used to identify significant socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of those who fell.Results: One hundred stroke survivors participated in the study with a majority of males (67%). Mean ± SD age of the stroke survivors was 55.97 ± 9.56 years (range = 33–85 years). Thirty-three (33%) stroke survivors fell within the 3 months prior to the study and a significant proportion were older (p < .001) and had more diminished functional ability (p < .001).Conclusion: A considerable proportion of the stroke survivors fell, especially those in the older age-group and those with diminished functional ability. These findings suggest that improving functional ability after stroke may prevent falls while older stroke survivors would also require intensive falls prevention strategies to reduce their susceptibility to falls post stroke. Longitudinal studies on the incidence and frequency of falls among stroke survivors in Nigeria, and clinical trials on appropriate falls prevention strategies are however urgently required.