bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Regioselective H/D Exchange Based on Reversible C−H Activation
Authors: Su Yuhang , Jiang Zhi‐Jiang , Han Jiawei , Duan Lujie , Bai Jian‐Fei , Chen Jia , Gao Zhanghua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite the increasing use of copper in C−H functionalizations, the Cu‐catalyzed direct deuteration of C−H bonds remains a significant challenge due to its inherent low reactivity in inverse C−H bond reconstruction. In this paper, a novel strategy had been developed to reverse the copper‐catalyzed concerted metalation‐deprotonation process by inhibiting the unexpected disproportionation of Cu(II) to Cu(III). Picolinic acid was identified as a powerful ligand for facilitating this H/D exchange with D2O as deuterium source, and its inhibition activity was supported by preliminary control experiments and DFT studies.
Unveiling the Potential of Heterogeneous Systems for Reversible Hydrogen Storage in Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers
Authors: Jangir Jyothi , Jagirdar Balaji R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTransitioning towards a carbon‐free economy is the current global need of the hour. The transportation sector is one of the major contributors of CO2 emissions in the atmosphere disturbing the delicate balance on the Earth, leading to global warming. Hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative energy carrier capable of replacing fossil fuels, with advancements in systems facilitating its storage and long‐distance transport. In this context, the concept of liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) is taking the lead, offering a plausible solution because of its compatibility with the existing gasoline infrastructure, while eliminating the challenges associated with the conventional hydrogen storage methods. Key LOHC systems, such as methylcyclohexane/toluene and H‐18‐dibenzyltoluene/dibenzyltoluene (H‐18‐DBT/DBT), have been extensively researched for large‐scale applications. However, challenges persist, particularly concerning the endothermic nature of the reactions involved. In this regard, of particular interest are the multifunctional heterogeneous catalysts supported on a single support, offering cost‐effective and energy‐efficient solutions to circumvent issues related to the endothermicity of the reactions. In this review, solid heterogeneous catalysts that have been developed and investigated for reversible dehydrogenation and hydrogenation reactions have been presented. These catalysts include monometallic, bimetallic, and pincer complexes supported on materials designed for efficient hydrogen uptake and release.
Wide Frequency Multiphase Oscillator Designed by Coupling Two Identical Ring Voltage Controlled Oscillators
Authors: Hemmati Mohammad Jafar , Mood Sepehr Ebrahimi , Dehnavi Somayeh Zarei 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis work presents a novel wide tuning range ring voltage controlled oscillator (RVCO) designed to generate six‐phase signals. The proposed circuit is realized by coupling two identical three‐stage single‐ended inverter‐based RVCOs. The coupling network injects the common mode signals from one RVCO to the other one and vice versa in a cross‐connected manner. Three‐stage RVCOs used for coupling have been configured by modifying the conventional current‐starved RVCO. The proposed six‐phase RVCO is optimized using an improved version of non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGAIII). In this algorithm, the sigma scaling method is used to control selection pressure and enhance the algorithm's performance. The proposed RVCO oscillates at 3.46 GHz. It can operate from 970 MHz to 4 GHz with a supply voltage of 1.5 V, demonstrating a wide frequency tuning range of 120%. Additionally, another six‐phase oscillator is proposed, achieved by capacitively coupling two identical three‐stage RVCOs. Both proposed oscillators are designed in TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology.
Digitally Controllable Multifrequency Impedance Emulator for Bioimpedance Hardware Validation
Authors: Semenov Dmitrii , Freeborn Todd J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe accurate emulation of the electrical impedance of biological tissues is crucial for the development and validation of bioimpedance measurement devices and algorithms. This paper describes a digitally controllable impedance emulator capable of reproducing values representative of tissue bioimpedance in user‐specified resistance, reactance, and frequency ranges up to 1 MHz. The presented solution uses a 2R‐1C impedance model to emulate the impedance characteristics of a biological tissue. Specific selection of each element value in this model is achieved using analog multiplexers with low resistance. A MATLAB algorithm was developed for value estimation using target impedance requirements. An example design to emulate impedance from 1 kHz to 1 MHz with 10 to 400 resistance and maximum reactance is provided. The nonideal behavior of this design was evaluated and compared against experimentally collected impedance measurements. Deviations of <1% were observed between experimental and theoretical resistances for values up to 100 kHz (with approximately 5% deviations up to 1 MHz) and reactance deviations were also <1% up to 10 kHz. High frequency deviations are attributed to the parasitic capacitance in the realization of the design. The experimental results validate the design approach and realization for low frequencies. Overall, the innovation of the proposed approach is the control of both resistance and reactance for emulating electrical impedance representative of biological tissues.
Single‐cell transcriptome analysis reveals evolving tumour microenvironment induced by immunochemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Yaofei , Bei Weixin , Li Wangzhong , Huang Ying , He Shuiqing , Zhu Xiaobin , Zheng Lisheng , Xia Weixiong , Dong Shuhui , Liu Qin , Zhang Chuanrun , Lv Shuhui , Xie Changqing , Xiang Yanqun , Liu Guoying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundCombinatory therapeutic strategy containing immunochemotherapy as part of induction therapy components is one of the current trends in the treatment of high‐risk metastatic locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the mechanism underlying the heterogeneity of response at the single‐cell level has not been underexplored.Methods18 bulks and 11 single‐cell RNA sequencing from paired before‐treatment and on‐treatment samples in patients with treatment‐naive high‐risk metastatic locally advanced NPCs were obtained. Following quality control, a total of 87 191 cells were included in the subsequence bioinformatics analysis.ResultsImmunochemotherapy was associated with on‐treatment tumour microenvironment (TME) remodelling, including upregulation of anti‐TMEs signatures, downregulation of pro‐TMEs signatures, reversing CD8+ T exhaustion, and repolarizing proinflammatory TAMs. For the patients achieving a complete response, the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells was stimulated and more interferon‐gamma was provided, which would be the key for TAMs proinflammatory repolarization and eventually promote the CD8+ T cells maturation in turn. Among patients who did not reach complete response, differentiation and hypoxia signatures for endothelial cells were elevated after therapy. These patients exhibited higher levels of immune checkpoint genes in malignant cells at the baseline (before treatment), and decreased tumour antigen presentation activity, which may underlie the resistance mechanism to therapy.ConclusionsThis study pictures a map of TME modulation following immunochemotherapy‐based combination induction therapy and provides potential future approaches.Highlights
Immunochemotherapy remodeled T cell phenotypes.
For the patients achieving complete response, more interferon gamma was provided by CD8+ T cells after therapy, which would be the key for TAMs pro‐inflammatory repolarization and eventually promote the CD8+ T cells maturation in turns.
Among patients who did not reach complete response, malignant cells exhibited higher level of immune checkpoint genes before therapy, and decreased tumor antigen presentation activity, which may underlie the resistance mechanism to therapy.
Overlooked Bird Extinctions in Semideciduous Atlantic Forests
Authors: Cavarzere Vagner , Silveira Luís Fábio 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe semideciduous forest is a prominent yet highly degraded phytophysiognomy within the Atlantic Forest. Historically, bird species inhabiting these forests occurred throughout central and western São Paulo state, south‐eastern Brazil, until the mid‐20th century. Many of these species have not been observed again or are nearing extinction within the state's inland forest fragments. This study reviews and compares historical and recent ornithological records, using museum specimens, literature, citizen science and recent field surveys to understand these species' current lack of records. In the early 20th century, extensive deforestation occurred statewide, resulting in the current forest fragments, which are currently in various stages of regeneration, conservation and isolation. Many of these fragments lack the specific habitats some species require, or they have not been recolonised due to insufficient connectivity with other forest fragments where these species still exist (particularly in the eastern Atlantic Forest). The non‐detection of forest species in semideciduous forest fragments strongly suggests an unprecedented and largely unnoticed extinction scale. This pattern of defaunation, as predicted 30 years ago, may be prevalent across numerous Semideciduous Atlantic Forests in Brazil.
Antagonistic Effects of Light Pollution and Warming on Habitat‐Forming Seaweeds
Authors: Caley Amelia , Marzinelli Ezequiel M. , Byrne Maria , Mayer‐Pinto Mariana 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTArtificial Light at Night (ALAN) is an emerging global stressor that is likely to interact with other stressors such as warming, affecting habitat‐forming species and ecological functions. Seaweeds are dominant habitat‐forming species in temperate marine ecosystems, where they support primary productivity and diverse ecological communities. Warming is a major stressor affecting seaweed forests, but effects of ALAN on seaweeds are largely unknown. We manipulated ALAN (0 lx vs. 25 lx at night) and temperature (ambient vs. +1.54°C warming) to test their independent and interactive effects on the survival, growth (biomass, total‐, blade‐ and stipe‐length) and function (photosynthesis, primary productivity and respiration) on the juveniles of two habitat‐forming seaweeds, the kelp Ecklonia radiata and the fucoid Sargassum sp. Warming significantly increased Ecklonia mortality; however, ALAN did not affect mortality. ALAN had positive effects on Ecklonia biomass, total and blade growth rates and gross primary productivity; however, warming largely counterbalanced these effects. We found no significant effects of warming or ALAN on Ecklonia photosynthetic yield, stipe length, net primary productivity or respiration rates. We found no effects of ALAN or warming on Sargassum for any of the measured variables. Synthesis. Our findings indicate that ALAN can have positive effects on seaweed growth and functioning, but such effects are likely species‐specific and can be counterbalanced by warming, suggesting an antagonistic interaction between these global stressors. These findings can help us to predict and manage the effects of these stressors on seaweeds, which underpin coastal biodiversity.
COVERater—A Free Application for Training Researchers to Accurately Estimate Species Cover in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems
Authors: Cruickshank Madelon M. , Moles Angela T. , Debono Samuel A. , Xirocostas Zoe A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTVisual estimates of cover are widely used among ecologists, from describing vegetation communities to tracking and monitoring species' abundance. However, despite the known bias associated with visual estimates, no standardised training is available to improve these measurements. We developed a free online training tool, the COVERater, that effectively teaches users to visually estimate the percent cover of species in a variety of ecosystems (including alpine heath, arid lands, coral reefs, temperate reefs and wetlands). Prior to training, users with prior professional experience estimated species cover to an average inaccuracy of 5.2%, while users with no experience estimated cover to an average inaccuracy of 7.6%. COVERater training took an average of 31 min and 68 images, and reduced the estimate inaccuracy of users with no prior experience to 5.2%. There was no significant loss of estimate accuracy over 100 days following training. The COVERater can be used anywhere in the world, by data collectors of all experience levels, for projects spanning all spatial scales. By providing researchers with standardised training, our application can reduce variation in cover estimates that arise from human biases, allowing for comparable estimates across global collaborative projects and data syntheses. We encourage all relevant scientists to include COVERater training in their protocols to quantify cover with greater accuracy, improve the veracity of their results and make better inferences about our biosphere.
Systemic inflammation is associated with myocardial fibrosis in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Guo Xinli , Zhang Jian , Huang Manyun , Song Changpeng , Nie Changrong , Zheng Xinxin , Wang Shuiyun , Huang Xiaohong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsChronic low‐grade inflammation, often observed in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), promotes adverse ventricular remodelling. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between inflammatory markers and myocardial fibrosis (MF) in patients with HCM.Methods and resultsThis study included 102 patients with complete baseline data who underwent septal myectomy. Myocardial samples were stained with Masson's trichrome and analysed to determine myocardial collagen content and MF levels. Plasma levels of inflammatory markers were measured using standard laboratory procedures. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between the inflammatory markers and MF. Among the 102 participants included in the analysis, the mean age was 48.9 years, with 69 [67.6%] being men. The overall MF ranged from 2.5% to 40.7% (mean = 15.2 ± 8.1%, median = 13.0%, IQR = 9.9%–18.4%). Participants were divided into two groups based on a median MF of 13%. The high MF group had a larger left atrial diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction. Levels of interleukin (IL)‐2, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interferon (IFN)‐α were significantly higher in patients with high MF compared to those with low MF (2.3 vs. 4.0 pg/mL, 3.1 vs. 3.9 pg/mL, 4.2 vs.4.7 pg/mL, respectively; all P < 0.05). In multivariate models adjusted for age, sex and other clinical features, IL‐2, IL‐5 and TNF‐α, were correlated with increased interstitial MF [odds ratio (OR): 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–2.14; OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.02–1.98; OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04–1.70]. After additional adjustment for imaging indicators, IL‐2 and TNF‐α remained significant (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.06–2.09, P = 0.021; OR:1.35, 95% CI: 1.01–1.80, P = 0.044). The correlation analysis between inflammation and replacement fibrosis assessed by CMR in 97 patients revealed that 72 (74.2%) showed late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). No significant correlation was found between inflammatory markers and the presence or extent of LGE.ConclusionsHigher levels of IL‐2 and TNF‐α were associated with increased histopathological interstitial MF in patients with HCM. Given the gradual progression of MF in HCM, initiating anti‐inflammatory treatment in the early stages may delay its progression.
Cationic Control of the Formation of Europium Carbodiimide Chlorides
Authors: Kysliak Oleksandr , Ströbele Markus , Enseling David , Jüstel Thomas , Meyer H.‐Jürgen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe solid‐state syntheses and the structures of three new europium carbodiimide chlorides are reported: Eu4(NCN)3Cl3=Eu(3+)Eu3(2+)(NCN)3Cl3 (1), LiEu2(NCN)Cl3 (2) and Na2Eu14(NCN)3Cl24 (3). 1 is the second example of mixed‐valent rare‐earth carbodiimide after Eu4F5(NCN)2. 2 belongs to a group of mixed carbodiimide compounds related to the Bideauxite group. 3 being the first Na‐containing rare‐earth carbodiimide. Syntheses in the field of rare‐earth carbodiimides benefit from the usage of different alkali carbodiimides to direct reaction pathway into individual compounds. High‐yield syntheses of 1–3, their crystal structures, and the photoluminescence properties of 3 are reported.
A perspective on solar railway potential for the UK
Authors: Braima M. , Butt T. E. , Maraqa M. A. , Goodhew S. , Sundaram S. , Mohamed M. M. A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the face of climate change challenges, energy demand is still increasing, and renewable energy is becoming increasingly necessary as a sustainable resource. Solar energy stands out as a promising renewable resource, yet its widespread adoption faces challenges, notably the substantial land requirements for photovoltaic (PV) panels. This conflict intensifies as land could be more efficiently utilized for agriculture and development. Conversely, railway infrastructure occupies expansive tracts of land, presenting an opportunity to integrate PV panels without disrupting rail operations. However, a comprehensive assessment of the solar potential along railway tracks on a national scale is lacking for different countries and the UK is one of them. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the feasibility of installing PV panels on railway tracks throughout the UK to generate electricity. Utilizing mathematical models tailored to five distinct solar panel technologies, the study incorporates various factors, including solar radiation levels across different months. Assumptions were made where necessary, with values for certain variables averaged to facilitate calculations. The findings reveal that solar energy harnessed from railways could satisfy up to 8% of the UK's total electricity demand, with a minimum contribution of 0.3%. This study provides valuable insights from a UK‐centric perspective and offers a replicable framework for similar assessments in other countries with extensive railway networks, such as China and India. By leveraging existing infrastructure for renewable energy generation, such initiatives could contribute significantly to global sustainability efforts.
An innovative irrigation system for farming towards environmental sustainability in India
Authors: Nayak Ramesh Chandra , Roul Manmatha K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeThis work presents an innovative irrigation method designed to assist small‐scale farmers. Irrigation is crucial for agriculture, serving as the most essential input for all types of crops. Implementing a cost‐effective irrigation method can maximize farmers' output. In small‐scale farming, manual irrigation methods are commonly used to reduce costs. Therefore, a technology‐enhanced manual irrigation system will benefit marginal and small farmers.Design/Methodology/ApproachThis work introduces a new irrigation system that incorporates an epicyclic gear train along with a simple gear train arrangement. This system is designed to be attached to a farm's hand pump. The plunger rod with the piston is a crucial component of the hand pump, as its reciprocating motion lifts water from underground. An increased number of reciprocating motions of the plunger rod results in a greater amount of water being lifted from the well.FindingsThe designed model, when used with the hand pump, maximizes output with minimal manual effort. This system is environmentally friendly and operates without any external power sources.Statement of NoveltyLifting water from underground using a hand pump typically requires devices powered by external sources such as petrol, diesel, or electricity, which incur costs. Consequently, farmers using these methods for irrigation face financial burdens. It has been observed that more than 50% of the total income of small and medium‐scale farmers is spent on irrigation. To address these issues, the designed model has been introduced. Its novelty lies in the use of an optimal transmission system featuring simple and epicyclic gear trains, as well as an energy‐efficient design facilitated by the inclusion of a flywheel. These features ensure smooth operation and improved efficiency.Statement of Industrial RelevanceThis system is suitable for both agricultural purposes and curing work in construction. There is a significant market for this innovative design, as it serves as an optimal solution for agriculture and water supply systems without relying on external power sources. Our product is expected to sell quickly in the market. Many industries in India are developing agricultural products, but this system stands out due to its uniqueness, ensuring no difficulties in marketing. The implementation is straightforward, as the necessary input materials are readily available. Once commercialized, the system is projected to reach its breakeven point within 2 months, after which it will generate profit.Originality/ValueThere can be a diverse group of individuals participating in organizing this event. This group includes not only physically strong men and women but also children, individuals with disabilities, and those who may be weak or average in physical strength. In essence, physical strength is not a limitation for participating in this endeavor.
Experimental investigation of hybrid solar drying with thermal energy storage systems for drying chili
Authors: Govindan Radhakrishnan Gopinath , Sattanathan Muthuvel , Govindhan Radhakrishnan Rajesh Kanna , Selvam Saravana Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA phase change material (PCM) is a useful material in thermal energy storage (TES) applications. The high latent heat (LH) values, noninflammable nature, and low cost make them a preferred material in solar TES. The drying of crops is an essential process for preserving agricultural crops that serves for several agricultural sectors. Solar drying is comparatively inexpensive yet an effective method to dry agricultural products. In this study, the potential of organic paraffin wax as PCM in a movable solar dryer has been investigated. In this experiment, heat‐storage materials, organic paraffin wax PCM were used. The use of a PCM‐packed floor in a traditional solar dryer used to decrease the drying period of vegetable crops is novel in this work. The work contrasts the drying presentation of chili among direct open solar drying without and with 200 g of microencapsulated and macro encapsulated PCM. Furthermore, the quality and texture of dried chili produced by solar dryers are better to those produced by open sun drying. Chili dried with micro PCM can dried faster when compared with macro PCM with solar dryer. The solar dryer without PCM can take more drying time when compared with solar dryer with micro and macro PCM. Also, the amount of PCM increased the drying time decreases.