bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterisation of the broad‐spectrum resistance to powdery mildew conferred by the Stpk‐V gene from the wild species Haynaldia villosa
Authors: Qian C. , Cui C. , Wang X. , Zhou C. , Hu P. , Li M. , Li R. , Xiao J. , Wang X. , Chen P. , Xing L. , Cao A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

A key member of the Pm21 resistance gene locus, Stpk‐V, derived from Haynaldia villosa, was shown to confer broad‐spectrum resistance to wheat powdery mildew. The present study was planned to investigate the resistance mechanism mediated by Stpk‐V.

Transcriptome analysis was performed in Stpk‐V transgenic plants and recipient Yangmai158 upon Bgt infection, and detailed histochemical observations were conducted. Chromosome location of Stpk‐V orthologous genes in Triticeae species was conducted for evolutionary study and over‐expression of Stpk‐V both in barley and Arabidopsis was performed for functional study.

The transcriptome results indicate, at the early infection stage, the ROS pathway, JA pathway and some PR proteins associated with the SA pathway were activated in both the resistant Stpk‐V transgenic plants and susceptible Yangmai158. However, at the later infection stage, the genes up‐regulated at the early stage were continuously held only in the transgenic plants, and a large number of new genes were also activated in the transgenic plants but not in Yangmai158.

Results indicate that sustained activation of the early response genes combined with later‐activated genes mediated by Stpk‐V is critical for resistance in Stpk‐V transgenic plants. Stpk‐V orthologous genes in the representative grass species are all located on homologous group six chromosomes, indicating that Stpk‐V is an ancient gene in the grasses. Over‐expression of Stpk‐V enhanced host resistance to powdery mildew in barley but not in Arabidopsis. Our results enable a better understanding of the resistance mechanism mediated by Stpk‐V, and establish a solid foundation for its use in cereal breeding as a gene resource.
Novel Stable Ebola Virus Minigenome Replicon Reveals Remarkable Stability of the Viral Genome
Authors: Tao Wanyin , Gan Tianyu , Guo Mingzhe , Xu Yongfen , Zhong Jin 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates with a high case fatality rate. No approved drug or vaccine of EBOV is available, which necessitates better understanding of the virus life cycle. Studies on EBOV have been hampered because experimentations involving live virus are restricted to biosafety level 4 (BSL4) laboratories. The EBOV minigenome system has provided researchers with the opportunity to study EBOV under BSL2 conditions. Here, we developed a novel EBOV minigenome replicon which, to our knowledge, is the first EBOV cell culture system that can stably replicate and transcribe the EBOV minigenome. The minigenomic RNA harboring a
Gaussia
luciferase and hygromycin-resistant marker can replicate for months in a helper cell stably expressing viral nucleoprotein (NP), viral protein 35 (VP35), VP30, and L proteins. Quantification of viral RNA (vRNA), cRNA, and mRNA levels of the EBOV minigenome demonstrated that the stable EBOV replicon had much-more-active minigenome replication than previously developed transient-transfection-based EBOV minigenome systems, which recapitulate viral primary transcription more than genome replication. Interestingly, minigenome replication in the stable EBOV replicon cells was insensitive to interferon treatment or RNA interference. Moreover, RNase digestion of the replicon cell lysates revealed the remarkably stable nature of the EBOV minigenomic vRNA ribonucleoprotein complex, which may help improve understanding of EBOV persistence in convalescent patients.

IMPORTANCE
The scope and severity of the recent Ebola outbreak in Western Africa justified a more comprehensive investigation of the causative risk group 4 agent Ebola virus (EBOV). Study of EBOV replication and antiviral development can be facilitated by developing a cell culture system that allows experimentation under biosafety level 2 conditions. Here, we developed a novel stable EBOV minigenome replicon which, to our knowledge, is the first EBOV cell culture system that can stably replicate and transcribe the EBOV minigenome. The replicon system had more-active genome replication than previously developed transient-transfection-based EBOV minigenome systems, providing a convenient surrogate system to study EBOV replication. Furthermore, self-replicating minigenomic vRNA in the replicon cells displayed strong stability in response to interferon treatment, RNA silencing, and RNase digestion, which may provide an explanation for the persistence of EBOV in survivors.
Functional and Film-forming Properties of Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat Proteins
Authors: Saricaoglu Furkan Turker , Turhan Sadettin 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In the present study, the functional properties of mechanically deboned chicken meat proteins (MDCM-Ps) were determined at different pH (2, 4, 6, 8 and 12), and film-forming properties were evaluated depending on MDCM-P (2, 3 and 4 %) and glycerol (30, 40 and 50 %) concentrations. The highest solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties were determined at pH 12. MDCM-P solutions showed non-polyelectrolyte behavior and gelation onset temperature was determined at 36 °C. Film-forming properties of MDCM-P showed that the tensile strength decreased, and elongation at break increased as glycerol concentration increased. Films became more transparent with increasing glycerol and decreasing protein concentration, while water vapor permeability increased with increasing glycerol and protein concentration. Water sorption data of films were fitted to the Guggenheim, Anderson, and De Boer model. In general, equilibrium moisture content of films increased as glycerol level increased. Overall, the results showed that MDCM-P could be useful as a new protein source for both food and packaging industries.
Effect of mechanical alloying on the synthesis of Fe-TiC nanocomposite
Authors: Jam Ali Reza , Razavi Mansour , Nikzad Leila 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
TiC particulates-reinforced Fe-based nanocomposites were fabricated using ferrotitanium and carbon black powders by mechanical alloying (MA). The raw materials were milled in a planetary ball mill and sampled in different times. The phase type, crystallite size, and mean strain of milled samples were estimated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of milled powders showed that titanium carbide was synthesized gradually after 90 min of milling and its formation was completed after 5 h and the crystallite size of the produced carbide was in nanometer scale. Increasing milling times gave rise to the reduction of crystallite size as well as the augmentation of the mean strain. Microstructural studies confirmed the accuracy of crystallite size calculations by XRD patterns.
Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of the praseodymium borate-nitrate Pr[B5O8(OH)(H2O)0.87]NO3·2H2O
Authors: Ortner Teresa S. , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The praseodymium borate-nitrate Pr[B5O8(OH)(H2O)0.87]NO3·2H2O was obtained in a hydrothermal synthesis. It crystallizes monoclinically in the space group P21/n (no. 14) with four formula units (Z=4) and unit cell parameters of a=641.9(3), b=1551.8(7), c=1068.4(5) pm, with β=90.54(2)° yielding V=1.0643(8) nm3. The defect variant constitutes the missing member in the series of isostructural, early rare earth borate-nitrates of the composition RE[B5O8(OH)(H2O)
x
]NO3·2H2O [RE=La (x=0; 1), Ce (x=1), Nd (x=0.85), Sm (x=0)]. In addition to powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, the novel borate-nitrate was characterized through IR and Raman spectroscopy.
SECERCAH PANDANG MENGUNGKAP KASUS NIKAH SIRRI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Muhajarah Kurnia 
Published: September 2017

<p class="ABSTRAK2">Salah satu bentuk pelecehan terhadap perempuan yang dapat menghilangkan hak-haknya adalah nikah sirri, yakni melaksanakan pernikahan rahasia. Bahkan tidak jarang terjadi lahir hubungan seks di luar pernikahan dengan dalih nikah sirri. Inilah yang kemudian me­lahir­kan istilah lelaki dan perempuan piaraan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Hasil pembahasan me­nunjuk­kan bahwa beberapa tahun terakhir terjadi pergeseran makna suci pernikahan. Fenomena ini ditandai dengan maraknya prosesi nikah sirri atau nikah di bawah tangan. Ada berbagai pendapat di kalangan ulama mengenai halal tidaknya nikah sirri ini. Sebagian ulama menilai pernikahan sirri dihalalkan asal memenuhi syarat dan rukun nikah oleh negara. Nikah sirri selain berpotensi menimbulkan fitnah, juga secara hukum sangat merugikan kaum wanita. Meski "sah" menurut agama, namun pernikahan sirri tidak barakah (berkah) dan luput dari perlindungan hukum perkawinan. Dengan buku nikah menjadi bukti pernikahan yang dilakukan telah dicatat oleh negara. Suami dan isteri mempunyai hak yang sama dalam hukum per­kawinan. </p>
PERSELINGKUHAN SUAMI TERHADAP ISTRI DAN UPAYA PENANGANANNYA
Authors: Muhajarah Kurnia 
Published: September 2017

<p class="IIABSTRAK333">Perselingkuhan pada umumnya banyak terjadi pada anggota keluarga yang kurang memiliki kualitas keagamaan yang mantap, lemahnya dasar cinta, komunikasi yang kurang lancar dan harmonis, sikap egois dari masing-masing, emosi yang kurang stabil, dan kurang mampu mem­­buat penyesuaian diri. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa pro­blematika per­selingkuhan suami terhadap istri adalah bahwa perselingkuhan dapat menjadi sumber stres yang luar biasa. Ke­gagalan pasangan untuk saling menyesuaikan diri dan memecahkan masalah-masalah secara efektif dapat memicu konflik yang ber­kepanjangan. Dari keseluruhan proble­matika perselingkuhan, pro­blematika yang paling utama dari perselingkuhan adalah per­ceraian, karena perselingkuhan merupakan salah satu masalah putus­nya perkawinan. Upaya penanganan per­selingkuhan antara lain adalah mengawasi pergaulan suami atau istri, berupaya sekuat tenaga menciptakan suasana rumah tangga yang har­monis, berupaya mem­beri contoh yang baik, membangun ling­kung­­an yang kondusif, me­ningkatkan kualitas nilai-nilai keagama­an, landasan cinta yang kokoh, mewujudkan komunikasi secara transparan dan har­monis, meningkat­kan kekuatan dan ketahanan diri yang dilandasi de­ngan konsep diri dan rasa percaya diri secara mantap, mengembangkan kontak sosial secara baik dan sehat, bergaul dengan orang baik. </p>
ESTUDIO DE UN CATALIZADOR ÁCIDO MAGNÉTICO EN LA OBTENCIÓN DE FURFURAL A PARTIR DE LA DESHIDRATACIÓN DE XILOSA
Authors: Martínez Zambrano José Jobanny , Muñoz Prieto Efrén de Jesús , Rojas Sarmiento Hugo Alfonso , Romanelli Gustavo Pablo 
Published: September 2017

Se estudiaron sólidos sulfonados (Al2O3-SO3H) y sulfonados magnéticos (Fe3O4-Al2O3-SO3H) en la reacción de deshidratación de xilosa a furfural. Los catalizadores se caracterizaron por distintas técnicas como fisisorción de N2 a 77K, espectroscopia infrarroja FTIR y curvas de magnetización. Estos solidos mostraron una relación lineal entre el área superficial y la capacidad ácida mostrando una mejor dispersión de los grupos -SO3H en el sólido que no presenta carácter magnético. Sin embargo, la presencia de las partículas magnéticas Fe3O4 permite una fácil separación del medio de reacción al aplicar un campo magnético externo, con rendimientos a furfural del 67% con el catalizador Al2O3-SO3H y del 11% con Fe3O4-Al2O3-SO3H.Palabras clave: furfural, xilosa, ácido, magnético, sulfónico
Improving The Students’ Writing Competence in a Second Language Acquisition through The Implementation of Lesson Study
Authors: Purnama Syahfitri 
Published: September 2017

Writing is the most difficult skill for second language learners. It can be seen, for example, they always make ageneralization, simplification, less of knowing vocabularies, punctuation, spelling, and grammar. This paper will describe improving the students’ writing competence in second language acquisition through the implementation of lesson study in faculty of language education of Indraprasta PGRI University of Jakarta. This research uses qualitative approach and the data taken from the students who are studying writing in the class. In applying lesson study, lecturer model explains about the materials based on the syllabus of the subject. The students are also given tasks in their groups. The observers watch and write about the students and assist them. After doing this, the observers discuss about the class with the lecturer model. By doing the implementation of Lesson Study, the students can work in group together, the class is so inspiring, they feel satisfied with the explanation of the lecturer model and havegood impact to improve the students’ writing competence.
Stratospheric Intrusion‐Influenced Ozone Air Quality Exceedances Investigated in the NASA MERRA‐2 Reanalysis
Authors: Knowland K. E. , Ott L. E. , Duncan B. N. , Wargan K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStratospheric intrusions have been the interest of decades of research for their ability to bring stratospheric ozone (O3) into the troposphere with the potential to enhance surface O3 concentrations. However, these intrusions have been misrepresented in models and reanalyses until recently, as the features of a stratospheric intrusion are best identified in horizontal resolutions of 50 km or smaller. NASA's Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version‐2 (MERRA‐2) reanalysis is a publicly available high‐resolution data set (∼50 km) with assimilated O3 that characterizes O3 on the same spatiotemporal resolution as the meteorology. We demonstrate the science capabilities of the MERRA‐2 reanalysis when applied to the evaluation of stratospheric intrusions that impact surface air quality. This is demonstrated through a case study analysis of stratospheric intrusion‐influenced O3 exceedances in spring 2012 in Colorado, using a combination of observations, the MERRA‐2 reanalysis and Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 simulations.
An activity transition from NADH dehydrogenase to NADH oxidase during protein denaturation
Authors: Huston Scott , Collins John , Sun Fangfang , Zhang Ting , Vaden Timothy D. , Zhang Y.‐H. Percival , Fu Jinglin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA decrease in the specific activity of an enzyme is commonly observed when the enzyme is inappropriately handled or is stored over an extended period. Here, we reported a functional transition of an FMN‐bound diaphorase (FMN–DI) that happened during the long‐term storage process. It was found that FMN–DI did not simply lose its β‐nicotinamide adenine diphosphate (NADH) dehydrogenase activity after a long‐time storage, but obtained a new enzyme activity of NADH oxidase. Further mechanistic studies suggested that the alteration of the binding strength of an FMN cofactor with a DI protein could be responsible for this functional switch of the enzyme.
Improving properties of silk sericin membranes via enzymatic oxidation with laccase and TEMPO
Authors: Zhang Qian , Cui Li , Wang Ping , Deng Chao , Wang Qiang , Fan Xuerong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSilk sericin has excellent features of antioxidant ability and good cytocompatibility; however, high water solubility and poor mechanical properties have restricted its application in biomedical fields. In this study, aimed at improving the mechanical properties of a regenerated silk sericin, the primary hydroxy groups in silk sericin were enzymatically oxidized by using laccase and 2,2',6,6'‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl (TEMPO), and the generated reactive groups then reacted further with the amino groups in the sericin chains. The efficacy of the enzymatic cross‐linking was evaluated by means of determination of amino groups, SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography. The results indicated that either laccase/TEMPO incubation or laccase treatment alone incurred a noticeable increase in the molecular weight of the sericin. FTIR analysis revealed that there was small change in the structure of the silk sericin after laccase/TEMPO treatment, and the obtained air‐dried sericin membrane exhibited remarkably improved mechanical properties relative to those of the uncross‐linked sericin membrane. In addition, the biocompatibility of the sericin membrane was at an acceptable level according to the cell viability of NIH/3T3 cells. The present work provides a novel method for the preparation of sericin‐based biomaterials.
Analysis of the Catalytic Mechanism of Bifunctional Triterpene/Sesquarterpene Cyclase: Tyr167 Functions To Terminate Cyclization of Squalene at the Bicyclic Step
Authors: Tenkovskaia Liudmila , Murakami Mizuki , Okuno Kotone , Ueda Daijiro , Sato Tsutomu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOnoceroids are a group of triterpenes biosynthesized from squalene or dioxidosqualene by cyclization from both termini. We previously identified a bifunctional triterpene/sesquarterpene cyclase (TC) that constructs a tetracyclic scaffold from tetraprenyl‐β‐curcumene (C35) but a bicyclic scaffold from squalene (C30) in the first reaction. TC also accepts the bicyclic intermediate as a substrate and generates tetracyclic and pentacyclic onoceroids in the second reaction. In this study, we analyzed the catalytic mechanism of an onoceroid synthase by using mutated enzymes. TCY167A produced an unnatural tricyclic triterpenol, but TCY167L, TCY167F, and TCY167W formed small quantities of tricyclic compounds, which suggested that the bulk size at Y167 contributed to termination of the cyclization of squalene at the bicyclic step. Our findings provide insight into the unique catalytic mechanism of TC, which triggers different cyclization modes depending on the substrate. These findings may facilitate the large‐scale production of an onoceroid for which natural sources are limited.
Comparison of prognostic, clinical, and renal histopathological characteristics of overlapping idiopathic membranous nephropathy and IgA nephropathy versus idiopathic membranous nephropathy
Authors: Chen Xinxin , Chen Yu , Shi Keqing , Lv Yinqiu , Tong Huan , Zhao Guangju , Chen Chaosheng , Chen Bo , Li Duo , Lu Zhongqiu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOverlapping idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is rare. This study aims to investigate the unique prognostic, clinical, and renal histopathological characteristics of IMN+IgAN. This retrospective observational study included 73 consecutive cases of IMN+IgAN and 425 cases of IMN treated between September 2006 and November 2015. Prognostic and baseline clinical and histopathological data were compared between the two patient groups. Poor prognostic events included a permanent 50% reduction in eGFR, end-stage renal disease, and all-cause mortality. Renal histopathology demonstrated that the patients with IMN+IgAN presented with significantly increased mesangial cell proliferation and matrix expansion, increased inflammatory cell infiltration, and higher proportions of arteriole hyalinosis and lesions than the patients with IMN (all P < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the patients with IMN+IgAN had significantly higher cumulative incidence rates of partial or complete remission (PR or CR, P = 0.0085). Multivariate Cox model analysis revealed that old age at biopsy and high baseline serum creatinine and uric acid levels were significantly associated with poor prognosis (all P < 0.05), and increased IgA expression correlated significantly with PR or CR (P < 0.05). The present study found that overlapping IMN and IgAN presents with unique renal histopathology and appears not to cause a poorer prognosis than IMN.
Das Modell der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität nach Wilson und Cleary
Authors: Schöttker-Königer T. , Schäfer A. 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Messungen zur Evaluation physiotherapeutischer Interventionen sind ein unverzichtbarer Bestandteil der evidenzbasierten Physiotherapie. Der Fokus liegt dabei oft zu stark auf der strukturellen Ebene der biologischen Funktion. Dies widerspricht der Empfehlung, insbesondere komplexe Gesundheitsprobleme im Rahmen eines biopsychoökosozialen Modells zu analysieren. Zur Auswahl von Konstrukten für Ergebnismessungen, die über die strukturelle Ebene hinausgehende Dimensionen der Gesundheit abdecken können, bietet das Modell der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität (Health-Related Quality of Life, HRQoL) von Wilson und Cleary 36 eine geeignete Grundlage.
Ziel: Dieser Artikel beschreibt das Konzept von Wilson & Cleary 36 und erläutert den Bezug zu den physiotherapeutischen Handlungsfeldern sowie dessen Bedeutung als Grundlage für die Auswahl von Endpunktmessungen.
Methode: Anhand eines Fallbeispiels wird die Anwendbarkeit des Modells dargestellt, um geeignete Konstrukte für Ergebnismessungen zu definieren und Hypothesen zu generieren. Damit werden Unterschiede zum ICF-Modell und Aspekte der konzeptionellen Merkmale von Ergebnismessungen verdeutlicht.
Schlussfolgerung: Für die Physiotherapie hat die Anwendung des Modells von Wilson & Cleary 36 ein hohes Potenzial, stärker die individuellen Ziele und das Gesundheitserleben der Patienten im Rahmen der physiotherapeutischen Intervention zu berücksichtigen.
Molekulare Pathogenese von Schilddrüsenknoten – Bedeutung für die klinische Versorgung
Authors: Musholt T. , Schmid K. W. , Führer D. 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungSchilddrüsenknoten stellen heterogene Tumore dar, mit unterschiedlichen molekularen Signaturen. Während benigne Schilddrüsenknoten poly- oder monoklonalen Tumoren entsprechen, sind Schilddrüsenkarzinome monoklonale und damit „echte“ Neoplasien. Ursächlich für die Neoplasien sind somatische Mutationen, welche zur konstitutiven Aktivierung spezifischer Signalkaskaden führen und den jeweiligen histologischen, teilweise auch den funktionellen Phänotyp des Schilddrüsentumors bestimmen. Eine Dedifferenzierung von Schilddrüsenkarzinomen geht mit dem Auftreten weiterer Mutationen in den Tumoren einher. Die Mutationslast der Schilddrüsenkarzinome korreliert mit deren biologischem Verhalten.Im klinischen Alltag kann die Kenntnis der ursächlichen somatischen Mutation in der zytologischen Differenzialdiagnose helfen. In der prognostischen Einschätzung von Schilddrüsentumoren hat der Nachweis von klassischen Onkogenmutationen (BRAF, RAS) wenig Relevanz. Andere genetische Veränderungen, insbesondere TERT Promoter Mutationen, die mit zunehmender Häufigkeit in fortgeschrittenen SD-Karzinomen auftreten, haben wahrscheinlich eine prognostische Bedeutung. Von großer Relevanz ist die molekulare Signatur jedoch für die Entwicklung und Anwendung passgenauer „zielgerichteter“ Therapien bei fortgeschrittenen Karzinomen (radioiodrefraktäres DTC, PDTC und ATC, metastasiertes medulläres Karzinom). Hierfür gibt es aus klinischen Studien sowie Einzelfallberichten zunehmend Hinweise, die das Konzept der „Oncogen-Addiction“ als pathogenetisch relevanten Mechanismus der SD-Tumorigenese und Karzinogenese unterstreichen.
Maximal aggregation of polynomial dynamical systems
Authors: Cardelli Luca , Tribastone Mirco , Tschaikowski Max , Vandin Andrea 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Large-scale dynamical models hinder our capability of effectively analyzing them and interpreting their behavior. We present an algorithm for the simplification of polynomial ordinary differential equations by aggregating their variables. The reduction can preserve observables of interest and yields a physically intelligible reduced model, since each aggregate corresponds to the exact sum of original variables.