bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Prions in Blood of Cervids at the Asymptomatic Stage of Chronic Wasting Disease
Authors: Kramm Carlos , Pritzkow Sandra , Lyon Adam , Nichols Tracy , Morales Rodrigo , Soto Claudio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChronic wasting disease (CWD) is a rapidly spreading prion disorder affecting captive and free-ranging cervids. The zoonotic potential of CWD is unknown, as well as the mechanism for its highly efficient transmission. A top priority to minimize further spreading of this disease and its potential impact on environmental prion contamination is the development of a non-invasive, sensitive, and specific test for ante-mortem detection of infected animals. Here, we optimized the protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) assay for highly efficient detection of CWD prions in blood samples. Studies were done using a blind panel of 98 field-collected samples of whole blood from codon 96 glycine/glycine, captive white-tailed deer that were analyzed for prion infection post-mortem by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results showed a sensitivity of 100% in animals with very poor body condition that were IHC-positive in both brain and lymph nodes, 96% in asymptomatic deer IHC-positive in brain and lymph nodes and 53% in animals at early stages of infection that were IHC-positive only in lymph nodes. The overall mean diagnostic sensitivity was 79.3% with 100% specificity. These findings show that PMCA might be useful as a blood test for routine, live animal diagnosis of CWD.
Uncovering heterogeneous interactions in online commercial networks
Authors: Zhang Fangfeng , Zeng An , Ma Bowen , Fan Ying , Di Zengru 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWith the rapid development of Internet, the research on online commercial networks has become crucial for filtering out irrelevant information for users and predicting their future interest. The common methods for understanding such typical user-item networks are mainly projecting them to unipartite ones with only positive ratings, which may result in losing a large amount of information. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to construct a signed unipartite network with heterogeneous interactions (i.e. positive or negative) between users from the original bipartite network. Based on the signed similarity, we carry out the percolation analysis on this signed unipartite network, which reveals a phase transition phenomenon. The statistical features of the giant component consisting of the positive and negative interactions are investigated respectively. Finally, the roles of the negative links and weak ties are revealed by adding them back to the giant component. This work not only deepens our understanding of the online commercial networks, but also has potential applications in the design of recommendation algorithms.
The highly efficient photocatalytic and light harvesting property of Ag-TiO2 with negative nano-holes structure inspired from cicada wings
Authors: Zada Imran , Zhang Wang , Zheng Wangshu , Zhu Yuying , Zhang Zhijian , Zhang Jianzhong , Imtiaz Muhammad , Abbas Waseem , Zhang Di 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe negative replica of biomorphic TiO2 with nano-holes structure has been effectively fabricated directly from nano-nipple arrays structure of cicada wings by using a simple, low-cost and highly effective sol-gel ultrasonic method. The nano-holes array structure was well maintained after calcination in air at 500 °C. The Ag nanoparticles (10 nm–25 nm) were homogeneously decorated on the surface and to the side wall of nano-holes structure. It was observed that the biomorphic Ag-TiO2 showed remarkable photocatalytic activity by degradation of methyl blue (MB) under UV-vis light irradiation. The biomorphic Ag-TiO2 with nano-holes structure showed superior photocatalytic activity compared to the biomorphic TiO2 and commercial Degussa P25. This high-performance photocatalytic activity of the biomorphic Ag-TiO2 may be attributed to the nano-holes structure, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) property of the Ag nanoparticles, and enhanced electron-hole separation. Moreover, the biomorphic Ag-TiO2 showed more absorption capability in the visible wavelength range. This work provides a new insight to design such a structure which may lead to a range of novel applications.
Long term outcomes in survivors of epidemic Influenza A (H7N9) virus infection
Authors: Chen Jiajia , Wu Jie , Hao Shaorui , Yang Meifang , Lu Xiaoqing , Chen Xiaoxiao , Li Lanjuan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPatients who survive influenza A (H7N9) virus infection are at risk of physical and psychological complications of lung injury and multi-organ dysfunction. However, there were no prospectively individualized assessments of physiological, functional and quality-of-life measures after hospital discharge. The current study aims to assess the main determinants of functional disability of these patients during the follow-up. Fifty-six influenza A (H7N9) survivors were investigated during the 2-year after discharge from the hospital. Results show interstitial change and fibrosis on pulmonary imaging remained 6 months after hospital discharge. Both ventilation and diffusion dysfunction improved, but restrictive and obstructive patterns on ventilation function test persisted throughout the follow-up period. For patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome lung functions improved faster during the first six months. Role-physical and Role-emotional domains in the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey were worse than those of a sex- and age-matched general population group. The quality of life of survivors with ARDS was lower than those with no ARDS. Our findings suggest that pulmonary function and imaging findings improved during the first 6 months especially for those with ARDS, however long-term lung disability and psychological impairment in H7N9 survivors persisted at 2 years after discharge from the hospital.
Computational insights for the hydride transfer and distinctive roles of key residues in cholesterol oxidase
Authors: Yu Li-Juan , Golden Emily , Chen Nanhao , Zhao Yuan , Vrielink Alice , Karton Amir 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCholesterol oxidase (ChOx), a member of the glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) family, catalyzes the oxidation of the substrate via a hydride transfer mechanism and concomitant reduction of the FAD cofactor. Unlike other GMC enzymes, the conserved His447 is not the catalytic base that deprotonates the substrate in ChOx. Our QM/MM MD simulations indicate that the Glu361 residue acts as a catalytic base facilitating the hydride transfer from the substrate to the cofactor. We find that two rationally chosen point mutations (His447Gln and His447Asn) cause notable decreases in the catalytic activity. The binding free energy calculations show that the Glu361 and His447 residues are important in substrate binding. We also performed high-level double-hybrid density functional theory simulations using small model systems, which support the QM/MM MD results. Our work provides a basis for unraveling the substrate oxidation mechanism in GMC enzymes in which the conserved histidine does not act as a base.
Spectral shifting strongly constrains molecular cloud disruption by radiation pressure on dust
Authors: Reissl Stefan , Klessen Ralf S. , Mac Low Mordecai-Mark , Pellegrini Eric W. 
Published: December 2017

Aim. We aim to test the hypothesis that radiation pressure from young star clusters acting on dust is the dominant feedback agent disrupting the largest star-forming molecular clouds and thus regulating the star-formation process.Methods. We performed multi-frequency, 3D, radiative transfer calculations including both scattering and absorption and re-emission to longer wavelengths for model clouds with masses of 104–107 M⊙, containing embedded clusters with star formation efficiencies of 0.009–91%, and varying maximum grain sizes up to 200 μm. We calculated the ratio between radiative and gravitational forces to determine whether radiation pressure can disrupt clouds.Results. We find that radiation pressure acting on dust almost never disrupts star-forming clouds. Ultraviolet and optical photons from young stars to which the cloud is optically thick do not scatter much. Instead, they quickly get absorbed and re-emitted by the dust at thermal wavelengths. As the cloud is typically optically thin to far-infrared radiation, it promptly escapes, depositing little momentum in the cloud. The resulting spectrum is more narrowly peaked than the corresponding Planck function, and exhibits an extended tail at longer wavelengths. As the opacity drops significantly across the sub-mm and mm wavelength regime, the resulting radiative force is even smaller than for the corresponding single-temperature blackbody. We find that the force from radiation pressure falls below the strength of gravitational attraction by an order of magnitude or more for either Milky Way or moderate starbust conditions. Only for unrealistically large maximum grain sizes, and star formation efficiencies far exceeding 50% do we find that the strength of radiation pressure can exceed gravity.Conclusions. We conclude that radiation pressure acting on dust does not disrupt star-forming molecular clouds in any Local Group galaxies. Radiation pressure thus appears unlikely to regulate the star-formation process on either local or global scales.
ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps in the inner Galaxy
Authors: Tang X. D. , Henkel C. , Wyrowski F. , Giannetti A. , Menten K. M. , Csengeri T. , Leurini S. , Urquhart J. S. , König C. , Güsten R. , Lin Y. X. , Zheng X. W. , Esimbek J. , Zhou J. J. 
Published: December 2017

Context. Formaldehyde (H2CO) is a reliable tracer to accurately measure the physical parameters of dense gas in star-forming regions.
Aim. We aim to determine directly the kinetic temperature and spatial density with formaldehyde for the ~100 brightest ATLASGAL-selected clumps (the TOP100 sample) at 870 μm representing various evolutionary stages of high-mass star formation.
Methods. Ten transitions (J = 3–2 and 4–3) of ortho- and para-H2CO near 211, 218, 225, and 291 GHz were observed with the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) 12 m telescope.
Results. Using non-LTE models with RADEX, we derived the gas kinetic temperature and spatial density with the measured para-H2CO 321–220/303–202, 422–321/404–303, and 404–303/303–202 ratios. The gas kinetic temperatures derived from the para-H2CO 321–220/303–202 and 422–321/404–303 line ratios are high, ranging from 43 to >300 K with an unweighted average of 91 ± 4 K. Deduced Tkin values from the J = 3–2 and 4–3 transitions are similar. Spatial densities of the gas derived from the para-H2CO 404–303/303–202 line ratios yield 0.6–8.3 × 106 cm−3 with an unweighted average of 1.5 (±0.1) × 106 cm−3. A comparison of kinetic temperatures derived from para-H2CO, NH3, and dust emission indicates that para-H2CO traces a distinctly higher temperature than the NH3 (2, 2)/(1, 1) transitions and the dust, tracing heated gas more directly associated with the star formation process. The H2CO line widths are found to be correlated with bolometric luminosity and increase with the evolutionary stage of the clumps, which suggests that higher luminosities tend to be associated with a more turbulent molecular medium. It seems that the spatial densities measured with H2CO do not vary significantly with the evolutionary stage of the clumps. However, averaged gas kinetic temperatures derived from H2CO increase with time through the evolution of the clumps. The high temperature of the gas traced by H2CO may be mainly caused by radiation from embedded young massive stars and the interaction of outflows with the ambient medium. For Lbol/Mclump ≳ 10 L⊙/M⊙, we find a rough correlation between gas kinetic temperature and this ratio, which is indicative of the evolutionary stage of the individual clumps. The strong relationship between H2CO line luminosities and clump masses is apparently linear during the late evolutionary stages of the clumps, indicating that LH_2CO does reliably trace the mass of warm dense molecular gas. In our massive clumps H2CO line luminosities are approximately linearly correlated with bolometric luminosities over about four orders of magnitude in Lbol, which suggests that the mass of dense molecular gas traced by the H2CO line luminosity is well correlated with star formation.
Architektonische Belange einer nuklearmedizinischen Praxis
Authors: Knoop Anja 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Grundlage einer gut laufenden Praxis ist eine solide Planung – hier mit dem Schwerpunkt der Architektur. Ob die Praxis neugegründet wird oder bereits besteht, ist weniger relevant. Wichtiger ist, dass zu Beginn der Planung klare Ziele und Vorgehensweisen definiert werden. Diese beinhalten neben der Festlegung zur internen Praxisaufstellung u. a. das Raumprogramm und die Beschaffenheit der vorgesehenen Räume. Aber auch Vorschriften und Richtlinien müssen beachtet werden sowie die richtige mediale Positionierung. Diese Komplexität bedarf einer professionellen Steuerung durch Architekten. Sie stehen Ihnen zur Seite und führen Sie zu einer zukunftsfähig aufgestellten Praxis.
Strukturierte Befundung in der Nuklearmedizin
Authors: Froelich Matthias , Dresel Stefan , Todica Andrei , Sommer Wieland 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungDer medizinische Befundbericht als zentrales Kommunikationsmittel zwischen Ärzten wird traditionell als Freitext formuliert. Im Rahmen der zunehmenden strukturiert geplanten Abläufe in der Medizin (z. B. SOP-Entwicklungen, grundsätzliche Therapieentscheidungen in Tumorboards) wird die Praxis der Freitextbefundung durch Initiativen zur strukturierten Befundung in Frage gestellt.Als Hauptargumente für eine zunehmende Befundstrukturierung werden Vollständigkeit, linguistische Qualität, Überweiserzufriedenheit, inhaltliche Struktur, bessere Wahrnehmbarkeit der wichtigen Befundergebnisse und daraus folgend bessere klinische Therapieentscheidungen angeführt. Zusätzlich ergeben sich deutliche Verbesserungen in Bezug auf die gesamte klinische Arbeitskette. Demgegenüber stehen Bedenken in Bezug auf Effizienz und Individualisierbarkeit und es zeigen sich gerade bei erfahrenen Befundern Hürden hinsichtlich der Anpassung an vorgegebene Befundstrukturen.Moderne, computergestützte Systeme zur strukturierten Befundung haben das Potenzial die Vorteile strukturierter Befunde bei Erhaltung von Individualisierbarkeit und Arbeitseffizienz zu realisieren.
Wirkungen des Presssaftes aus Artischockenblütenknospen beim metabolischen Syndrom
Authors: Wegener Tankred , Melzig Matthias , Görne Rainer 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Wirkungen der Artischocke (Extrakte, Presssaft aus Artischockenblütenknospen, isolierte Einzelstoffe bzw. Fraktionen) auf die metabolische Stoffwechselleistung der Leber sind in experimentellen und klinischen Studien belegt. Nachdem in vitro eine ausgeprägte Hemmung der α-Amylase gemessen wurde, zeigte sich in Bestätigung einer früheren Untersuchung an gesunden Probanden auch in einem Individualversuch bei 6 Typ-2-Diabetikern eine Senkung der postprandialen Blutzuckerspiegel nach der Gabe des Presssaftes, der ein traditionelles pflanzliches Arzneimittel ist, vor Verzehr einer auf Kohlenhydrate standardisierten Testmahlzeit. Im Rahmen einer nicht-interventionellen Studie, in der dieser Presssaft bei Diabetikern mit Verdauungsbeschwerden (leichte Verdauungsbeschwerden sind die traditionelle Indikation) angewandt wurde, zeigte sich bei 52 Patienten nach 12 Wochen neben der Verbesserung der Symptomatik eine hochsignifikante Senkung des Nüchternblutzuckers um 8 % und des glykosylierten Hämoglobins um 5 %. Die Ergebnisse der insgesamt vorliegenden Daten zeigen, dass die Anwendung des Presssaftes aus der Artischocke auch bei Patienten mit Diabetes von Nutzen sein kann, was im kontrollierten Studiendesign zu verifizieren wäre.
Kommunikation: Risiken und Nebenwirkungen
Authors: Freudenberg Lutz , Christen Roland , Henke Uwe 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungDie immer komplexeren Strukturen im Gesundheitswesen erfordern neben der medizinischen Kompetenz auch eine hohe kommunikative Wachsamkeit. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, grundsätzliche Kommunikationsmodelle zu erläutern und ein Modell darzustellen, das die Mechanismen von Konflikten erklärt. Das Wissen um diese Modelle schützt uns zwar nicht vor Kommunikationsproblemen und Konflikten, aber es erleichtert die Reflexion und damit oft auch die Lösung der Situation.
Bodycontouring durch Kryolipolyse – Forschung und Praxis
Authors: Hauenstein E. 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungKryolipolyse ist ein nicht invasives körperformendes Verfahren zur Reduktion lokaler diät-und trainingsresistenter subkutaner Fettpolster durch zeitlich und räumlich umschriebene kontrollierte Kälteeinwirkung. Pathophysiologisches Wirkprinzip ist die Apoptose, der durch die Kälte ausgelöste programmierte Zelltod. Kryolipolyse ist eine vielversprechende nicht invasive Methode zur Körperformung und damit eine Alternative zur Liposuktion und anderen deutlich invasiveren Methoden. Die Kryolipolyse ist zwar risikoarm, aber keineswegs risikolos. Neben tiefgreifenden Gewebeveränderungen mit Einfluss auf Autoimmunprozesse sind Komplikationen z. B. bei internistischen/allgemeinärztlichen Krankheitsbildern zu beachten.
Evidenz und Tradition am Beispiel der Phytopharmaka
Authors: Jütte Robert , Heinrich Michael , Helmstädter Axel , Langhorst Jost , Günter Meng , Niebling Wilhelm , Pommerening Tanja , Trampisch Hans 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Neben voll zugelassenen Phytopharmaka gibt es auch Produkte auf dem europäischen Arzneimittelmarkt, die auf Basis langjähriger Anwendung als traditionelle Arzneimittel registriert sind. Diese fallen durch das Raster des normalen Zulassungsverfahrens, weil sie den Wirksamkeitsnachweis, wie er zur Vollzulassung gesetzlich aufgrund einer EU-Richtlinie vorgeschrieben ist, derzeit nicht erbracht haben. Zur Zulassung ist unter anderem ein Traditionsnachweis erforderlich, der bislang unterschiedlich gehandhabt wird und nicht den erforderlichen Good Practice-Kriterien entspricht.
Methode: Selektive Literaturrecherche in PubMed und medizin- und pharmaziehistorischen Datenbanken, Befragung von mit der Zulassung befassten Experten, Konsensuskonferenz mit Teilnehmern aus Allgemeinmedizin, Phytotherapie, Medizingeschichte, Pharmaziegeschichte, Biometrie, Ethnopharmakologie und Pharmazeutischer Industrie.
Ergebnisse: Die derzeit für die Zulassung traditioneller pflanzlicher Arzneimittel geltende EU-Richtlinie aus dem Jahr 2004, in der ein Traditionsnachweis gefordert wird, ist ein regulatorisches Konstrukt und vor allem das Ergebnis eines politischen Prozesses, der zu einem pragmatischen Kompromiss führte. In dieser Richtlinie wird ein Traditionsbegriff verwendet, der den Bedeutungsumfang dieses Terminus nicht hinreichend reflektiert. Maßstab ist einzig das 30-jährige Vorhandensein eines definierten Handelspräparates auf dem Markt (davon 15 Jahre in der EU). Damit wird der wissenschaftliche Gehalt in Hinblick auf die verfügbare Evidenz nicht ausgeschöpft, da sich aus richtig aufbereiteten Informationen aus historischen Quellen wertvolle Erkenntnisse gewinnen lassen, die bislang ungenutzt bleiben. Dies gilt für Indikationen, Anwendungsmodalitäten und Effektivität ebenso wie für Aspekte der Anwendungssicherheit (‚Unschädlichkeit‘), die vollumfänglich in die Nutzen-Risiko-Bewertung angewandter Präparate im Registrierungsverfahren, aber auch in der therapeutischen Praxis einfließen sollten.
Schlussfolgerung: Um das Kriterium einer evidenzbasierten Medizin zu erfüllen, ist es bei der Zulassung traditioneller pflanzlicher Heilmittel unabdingbar, über die formal-regulatorischen Vorgaben (30 Jahre, Produktbezug) hinaus alle zur Verfügung stehenden Fakten zu erfassen und zu bewerten. Dazu ist die jeweilige anerkannte wissenschaftliche Methodik (aus den Natur-, Lebens- und Geisteswissenschaften) anzuwenden.
Recent Progresses in Breast Reconstruction: Stem Cells, Biomaterials, and Growth Factors
Authors: Zarei Farshad , Daraee Hadis 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most deadly tumors in women, and new procedures for post- surgical breast reconstruction have been developed which includes autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF), platelet-derived growth factors, biomaterials and various stem cells. Adipose derived-stem cells (ASCs) has been reported to be one of the most widely used stem cell for breast reconstruction because of their ability to form new functional adipose tissue and vessels and in combination with stromal vascular fraction has been also reported efficient for breast reconstruction. Biomaterials include acellular dermal matrix, bone substitutes, and injectable have also been reported to be applicable for several clinical applications, including breast reconstruction surgery. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to explicitly define methodological procedures and to confirm the safety of all theses procedures during post-surgical breast reconstruction. The purpose of this mini-review is to summarize various recent and old applications of stem cells, biomaterials as well as growth factors in breast reconstruction.
Primary Aldosteronism and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Is This A Bidirectional Relationship?
Authors: Prejbisz Aleksander , Kołodziejczyk-Kruk Sylwia , Lenders Jacques , Januszewicz Andrzej 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt has been suggested that the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in resistant hypertension (RHT) may be related to the high prevalence of primary aldosteronism (PA) in patients with RHT. It has been also hypothesized that the relationship between aldosterone and OSA might be bidirectional. In patients with RHT, it has been shown that aldosterone levels correlate with severity of OSA and that blockade of aldosterone reduces the severity of OSA. It has been postulated that aldosterone worsens OSA by promoting accumulation of fluid, which shifted in the supine position to the neck, contributes to increased upper airway resistance. Also there is growing data that PA is more frequent in patients with OSA and that the treatment of PA positively influences OSA course. Also in some studies it has been shown that patients with OSA are characterized by higher aldosterone levels and higher prevalence of PA than patients without OSA and that causal treatment of OSA might decrease aldosterone levels. Moreover, the recent guideline of the Endocrine Society on management of PA recommends to screen hypertensive patients with OSA for PA.
In Vitro Anti-inflammatory Effects of Equisetum arvense Are Not Solely Mediated by Silica
Authors: Steinborn Carmen , Potterat Olivier , Meyer Ulrich , Trittler Rainer , Stadlbauer Sven , Huber Roman , Gründemann Carsten 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Equisetum arvense, known as common horsetail, is used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and is the plant with the highest concentration of silica. Yet it is unknown if the medicinal properties are mediated by its silica content. In the current study, optimal conditions for silica-rich horsetail preparations were identified. Bioactivity of the preparations was analyzed in vitro using flow cytometry-based activity and functionality profiling of primary human lymphocytes as well as cytokine measurement using a classical ELISA technique. Experiments revealed that horsetail preparations suppress activation and proliferation of lymphocytes by an interleukin-2-dependent mechanism. The effect increased with the silica concentration in the decoctions. Lymphocytesʼ polyfunctionality was also influenced, shown by a downregulation of IFN-γ. Analytical profiling by HPLC-UV-MS and bioactivity testing revealed relevant immunosuppressive concentrations of a component that has been identified as isoquercitrin. Our results show that both silica and isoquercitrin are active compounds of horsetail preparations.