bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking extent of return to fasting state after oral glucose tolerance test to future risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: Insights from the TLGS
Authors: Masrouri Soroush , Tamehri Zadeh Seyed Saeed , Tohidi Maryam , Azizi Fereidoun , Hadaegh Farzad 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo assess the risk of difference between 2 h post‐load plasma glucose (2 h‐PG) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) on incident prediabetes/type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among normoglycemic individuals.MethodsAmong 4,971 individuals aged ≥20 years, the associations of the difference between 2 h‐PG and FPG with outcomes were examined using multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression analysis. Participants were categorized into three groups: a low post‐load group (2 h‐PG ≤ FPG, as the reference group); a high post‐load group (2 h‐PG > FPG and ≥75th percentile of the difference); and a medium post‐load group (2 h‐PG > FPG and <75th percentile of the difference), which was further categorized into three groups by equal ranges.ResultsOver a median of 11.5 years of follow‐up, 2,331 new cases of prediabetes/type 2 diabetes and 360 cases of type 2 diabetes occurred. Greater risks of incident prediabetes/type 2 diabetes in second (9–16 mg/dL) and third (17–24 mg/dL) medium post‐load, as well as high post‐load (≥25 mg/dL) categories, were found, with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.26 (1.11–1.44), 1.32 (1.15–1.51), and 1.69 (1.51–1.90), respectively; the issue was more prominent among women (P for interaction = 0.005). The risk of incident type 2 diabetes was also higher for these categories. After further adjustment for the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, result remained essentially unchanged. Even among individuals with low normal FPG (i.e., <90 mg/dL), ≥9 mg/dL difference between 2 h‐PG and FPG increased the risk of composite prediabetes/ type 2 diabetes.ConclusionsGreater levels of 2 h‐PG as low as 9 mg/dL than FPG among normoglycemic individuals is a harbinger of prediabetes/type 2 diabetes development.
The Potential of Using Different Legume Species in a Push–Pull Approach to Manage Spodoptera frugiperda in Maize in China
Authors: Bi Sijia , Wang Yinhao , Xu Tingting , Hu Benjin , Wang Zhenying , Jatoi Wajid Ali , Hu Fei , Xu Lina 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTFall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), a notorious pest native to the tropical and subtropical Americas, has recently invaded China, causing substantial damage to crops, particularly maize. The push–pull strategy has been reported to be an effective prevention measure for FAW in Africa, with maize–soybean intercropping significantly reducing FAW infestation. To assess the potential of legume hosts as ‘push’ or ‘pull’ plants to control FAW in maize, we employed life table analysis and indoor cage tests to investigate the offspring performance, feeding and oviposition preference of FAW on five selected legume species, namely mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), red bean (Vigna angularis Willd.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), with maize (Zea mays L.) as a control. Mung bean and cowpea were subsequently selected as repellent and attractant plant, respectively, to study FAW infestation levels in maize in the field. The results showed that maize was the most suitable host plant for FAW, as indicated by its shortest developmental duration and highest pupal weight. However, among all the tested legume species, cowpea was the best host for FAW, with shorter larval, pre‐adult and adult durations than on the leaves of the other legumes. Moreover, the feeding and oviposition preference tests revealed that FAW had a strong preference for maize and cowpea, but strongly rejected mung bean. Compared with that in the maize monoculture group, the total number of eggs laid in the maize–mung group decreased by 67.25%, whereas that in the maize–cowpea group significantly increased by 2.04‐fold in greenhouse tests. In the randomised block field experiment, the infestation of maize by FAW in the mung bean–cowpea system was significantly lower than that in the maize monoculture or in the system with maize surrounded only by cowpea. This study indicated that mung bean and cowpea are promising candidates as repellent plants (push) and attractant plants (pull), respectively, for intercropping with maize to reduce the damage caused by FAW.
Sleep problems of children with Down syndrome in northern China
Authors: Zhang Y. , Li L. M. , Ding J. N. , Liu Y. , Yuan Y. Q. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundLimited research has looked at the present‐day sleep problems among Chinese children with Down syndrome (DS). This study aimed to investigate the situation of the sleep problems of school‐aged children with DS in northern China.MethodsParents of children with DS were a convenience sample recruited through the special education schools of Shandong Province in China. The Chinese version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire was applied to assess the sleep problems of children with DS.ResultsParents of 334 children with DS reported the average sleep duration was 9.7 (9.3–10.2) hours per night, and 62.0% of children with DS were reported sleeping less than 10 h per night. Additionally, the total prevalence rate of sleep problems among children with DS was 69.8%. Sleep‐disordered breathing (59.2%), sleep duration (33.8%) and bedtime resistance (32.0%) were the three most commonly reported sleeping problems. Younger children with DS (age 6–8 years) had severe problems with bedtime resistance, sleep anxiety and parasomnias than older children with DS (age 9–12 years) (all P < 0.05).ConclusionSleep problems are prominent among children with DS in northern China and are worthy of attention. Caregivers and health professionals should raise awareness of sleep problems in this group of children and implement targeted interventions to improve their sleep quality as early as possible.
Association of dynamic hepatic metabolism with clinical outcomes in patients with severe Guillain‐Barré syndrome: A prospective cohort study from multi‐centers in China
Authors: Xie Jiali , Yu Huan , Lv Wenjing , Li Kezheng , Li Hui , Ji Yingxiao , Cai Yunlei , Cheng Yifan , Luo Longfeng , Wu Chunxue , Xu Yiting , Du Lihuai , Chen Yinuo , Pang Chunyang , Deng Binbin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsLittle is known about the ability of serological biomarkers to monitor clinical outcomes in patients with Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). The objective of this study was to determine the associations of liver function, easily available and convenient biomarkers, with the clinical course and outcome of severe GBS in patients.MethodsA prospective data collection was conducted in a cohort of 343 GBS patients from multi‐centers between September 2019 and December 2023. Serum samples were obtained at four‐time points for mechanical ventilation (MV) patients and two‐time points for non‐MV patients. The primary endpoint was the need for MV during hospitalization, while secondary outcomes included the ability to walk independently and the mortality at 26‐week follow‐up.Results(i) A total of 208 patients were eligible, of whom 50 required MV with a median (interquartile range) ventilation duration of 15 (8–27) days. (ii) Hypohepatia, as evidenced by reduced total protein (OR 0.913 [95% CI 0.862–0.967]) and albumin (0.775 [0.679–0.884]) 1 week after treatment, along with raised liver enzymes (2.732 [1.007–7.413]), was associated with the risk of MV after adjusting for confounders. (iii) After 26‐week follow‐up, patients with hypohepatia were less likely to regain independent walking and exhibited higher mortality in survival analysis (all log‐rank p < .05). (iv) In a cross‐sectional study spanning up to 4 years of follow‐up, patients with prolonged MV (≥15 days) experienced a longer time to regain independent ambulation than those with shorter MV (167 [46–316] vs. 69 [24–106], p = .036). However, no relationships between liver function and prolonged MV were revealed.InterpretationDynamically monitoring hepatic metabolism and promptly adjusting, it can aid the improvement of GBS in patients.
Investigating UK Consumer Perception of Food Sustainability and Consumer Strategies for Improving the Sustainability of Their Most Recent Meal
Authors: Hutchings Scott C. , Chheang Sok L. , Hedderley Duncan I. , Realini Carolina E. , Jaeger Sara R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWhile numerous studies have examined consumer perceptions of food sustainability, their views on the United Nations defined dimensions (environmental, social, and economic) remain under‐researched. Furthermore, little research has investigated how consumers believe they could improve the sustainability of their food choices from a real‐life meal context. This study had three research objectives: To determine how consumers perceive sustainable and unsustainable foods (RO1), perceive differences among environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable foods (RO2), and perceive how they could improve the sustainability of their most recent meal (RO3). The study was executed using an online survey in the United Kingdom (n = 1522) with open‐ended questions. Results for RO1 showed consumers had a diverse understanding of sustainable/unsustainable foods. For RO2, most consumers had a similar perception of environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable foods. For RO3, many consumers indicated their most recent meal was already sustainable or were uncertain about to how to improve its sustainability.
Transcriptome and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Tissue‐Specific Glycosylation of Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids in Toxicodendron vernicifluum
Authors: Zhao Aiguo , He Yuxi , Sun Ruixiang , Xie DongDong , Bai Hangyu , Han Feng , Huang Xiaohua , Wu Haitang , Liu Chaobin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractToxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F. A. Barkley is a tree species used primarily for lacquer production. Our study utilized transcriptome and metabolomic analysis to investigate the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids, specifically the glycosylated forms, in T. vernicifluum roots, stems, and leaves. HPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS identified 186 compounds, with tissue‐specific distributions revealed by PCA. Flavonoids and phenylpropanoids glycosides were significantly more abundant in leaves compared with roots and stems. Full‐length sequencing uncovered 17,266 transcripts in T. vernicifluum. Gene expression analysis showed higher activity of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in leaves. Certain genes, such as CYP73A, 4CL, CRR, CYP84A/F5H, and CYP93C, displayed associations with compound content distributions. Root tissue exhibited a higher concentration of isoflavones. Notably, glycosyltransferase expression demonstrated significant correlations with glycosylated compounds' content. Biochemical validation confirmed the involvement of TvPB_c0_g2904, encoding a UDP‐glucosyltransferase, in genistin biosynthesis in T. vernicifluum.
Aesthetic peerhood and the significance of aesthetic peer disagreement
Authors: Pharr Quentin , Torregrossa Clotilde 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBoth aestheticians and social epistemologists are concerned with disagreement. However, in large part, their literature has yet to overlap substantially in terms of discussing whether there are viable conceptions of aesthetic peerhood and what the significance of aesthetic peer disagreement might be as a result. This article aims to address this gap. Taking cues from both the aesthetics and social epistemological literature, it develops several conceptions of aesthetic peerhood that are not only constituted by various forms of cognitive peerhood and affective peerhood, but which are also framed by a specific model of ordinary peer disagreement. For each of these conceptions, it suggests what the significance of ordinary aesthetic peer disagreement might be and how future discussions about it might proceed for both aestheticians and social epistemologists alike.
Incomplete filling in the basal region of maize endosperm: timing of development of starch synthesis and cell vitality
Authors: Chen Xian‐Min , Wang Zhi‐Wei , Liang Xiao‐Gui , Li Feng‐Yuan , Li Bin‐Bin , Wu Gong , Yi Fei , Setter Tim L. , Shen Si , Zhou Shun‐Li 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARYStarch synthesis in maize endosperm adheres to the basipetal sequence from the apex downwards. However, the mechanism underlying nonuniformity among regions of the endosperm in starch accumulation and its significance is poorly understood. Here, we examined the spatiotemporal transcriptomes and starch accumulation dynamics in apical (AE), middle (ME), and basal (BE) regions of endosperm throughout the filling stage. Results demonstrated that the BE had lower levels of gene transcripts and enzymes facilitating starch synthesis, corresponding to incomplete starch storage at maturity, compared with AE and ME. Contrarily, the BE showed abundant gene expression for genetic processing and slow progress in physiological development (quantified by an index calculated from the expression values of development progress marker genes), revealing a sustained cell vitality of the BE. Further analysis demonstrated a significant parabolic correlation between starch synthesis and physiological development. An in‐depth examination showed that the BE had more active signaling pathways of IAA and ABA than the AE throughout the filling stage, while ethylene showed the opposite pattern. Besides, SNF1‐related protein kinase1 (SnRK1) activity, a regulator for starch synthesis modulated by trehalose‐6‐phosphate (T6P) signaling, was kept at a lower level in the BE than the AE and ME, corresponding to the distinct gene expression in the T6P pathway in starch synthesis regulation. Collectively, the findings support an improved understanding of the timing of starch synthesis and cell vitality in regions of the endosperm during development, and potential regulation from hormone signaling and T6P/SnRK1 signaling.
Evaluating Large Language Models for Material Selection
Authors: Grandi Daniele , Jain Yash Patawari , Groom Allin , Cramer Brandon , McComb Christopher 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Material selection is a crucial step in conceptual design due to its significant impact on the functionality, aesthetics, manufacturability, and sustainability impact of the final product. This study investigates the use of large language models (LLMs) for material selection in the product design process and compares the performance of LLMs against expert choices for various design scenarios. By collecting a dataset of expert material preferences, the study provides a basis for evaluating how well LLMs can align with expert recommendations through prompt engineering and hyperparameter tuning. The divergence between LLM and expert recommendations is measured across different model configurations, prompt strategies, and temperature settings. This approach allows for a detailed analysis of factors influencing the LLMs' effectiveness in recommending materials. The results from this study highlight two failure modes: the low variance of recommendations across different design scenarios and the tendency toward overestimating material appropriateness. Parallel prompting is identified as a useful prompt-engineering method when using LLMs for material selection. The findings further suggest that, while LLMs can provide valuable assistance, their recommendations often vary significantly from those of human experts. This discrepancy underscores the need for further research into how LLMs can be better tailored to replicate expert decision-making in material selection. This work contributes to the growing body of knowledge on how LLMs can be integrated into the design process, offering insights into their current limitations and potential for future improvements.
An Efficient Uncertainty Quantification Method Based on Inter-Blade Decoupling for Compressors
Authors: Fu Yu , Wang Junying , Shi Dalin , Tang Kai , Zhao Jiantong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A compressor usually contains multiple blade rows, and its uncertainty dimensionality grows proportionally with the number of blade rows, leading to a rapid increase in required sample size for uncertainty quantification analysis. This paper proposes a new model decomposition method based on inter-blade decoupling, by analyzing uncertainty propagation in compressors. Traditionally, a surrogate model with uncertainty variables of all blade rows as input is directly established and the dimensionality is high. To solve this problem, this study decomposes the compressor domain into subdomains, each containing one blade row. For each subdomain, a submodel introduces aerodynamic uncertainties at the interfaces connecting different subdomains. The dimensionality of a submodel is roughly equal to the uncertainty factors in a single row, significantly reducing the required sample size. The uncertainties in the rotor and stator blade rows of a one-stage compressor are investigated to verify this method. Using principal component analysis and machine learning, the projection amplitudes of the interface aerodynamic flow field onto the principal modes are extracted, and submodels are established. Results show that the original 25-dimensional model can be decoupled into a 13-dimensional submodel for the rotor and a 16-dimensional submodel for the stator, reducing the required sample size from 600 to 90 with similar accuracy. This model decomposition method greatly reduces the cost of predicting compressor performance with uncertainty, laying a foundation for comprehensive analysis and effective control of uncertainty factors in engineering applications.
Conjugate Heat Transfer Validation of an Optimized Film Cooling Configuration for a Turbine Vane Endwall
Authors: Yang Xing , Wu Hang , Feng Zhenping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, to improve overall cooling performance for the endwall of a turbine nozzle guide vane that incorporated internal jet impingement and external purge flow and discrete injection cooling, the external film cooling was re-designed based on the knowledge of film coverage patterns from a baseline design, allowing film injection to overcome the crossflow and to cover more areas of the endwall with a given amount of coolant. Experimental conjugate heat transfer validation of the newly designed cooling geometry was conducted in a linear vane cascade by measuring overall cooling effectiveness over the endwall through an infrared (IR) thermography technique and detecting aero-thermal fields at the cascade exit with five-hole and thermocouple probes. For a given total coolant flowrate, the influence of coolant split among different cooling sources was examined. Additionally, parallel computational simulations were undertaken to elaborate the results observed in the experiments by offering in-passage flow physics. Comparisons with the baseline design proved that the newly designed cooling scheme improved the endwall overall cooling performance in terms of both effectiveness levels and coverage. In addition to optimizing the cooling geometry, more efficient usage of the coolant was found to be linked with the proper coolant split, which helped the re-designed cooling geometry to achieve an improvement of cooling effectiveness by approximately 20%. The computational simulations produced satisfactory overall cooling effectiveness, but failed to capture mixing of coolant with mainstream flow. The coolant with mainstream flow interactions visualized by the simulations provided evidence that the coolant jets from the optimized cooling scheme increased mixing flow loss but those from the pressure side suppressed the inherent vortex flow, resulting in no aerodynamic penalty as compared with the baseline cooling design.
Conceptual Analysis on the Impact of Acoustic Liners in Fan Flutter
Authors: González-Monge Javier , Pérez José Miguel , Corral Roque , Zhao Fanzhou , Vahdati Mehdi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This work investigates the impact of acoustically treated intakes on fan flutter. The propagation of the fan acoustic perturbations is studied using a simplified model, where the frequency of the waves in the intake is the natural frequency of the fan blade in the stationary frame of reference. The model consists of a constant cross-sectional annular duct, where the acoustic modes are computed for hard wall and lined wall regions, assuming a uniform axial flow. The interfaces between the lined and hard wall sections are solved by doing mode matching. The acoustic reflections in the zero-thickness intake are computed using the Wiener–Hopf technique following Rienstra’s model. Analytical results show that the waves propagating from the fan are reflected and scattered radially at the interfaces between the hard wall and the liner. Furthermore, the liner damps and changes the phase velocity of acoustic modes. Due to the low frequency of the flutter waves, the radial scattering can activate different cut-off modes, which need to be retained in order to make accurate predictions. The likelihood of fan flutter is estimated using the phase of the reflected cut-on waves reaching the fan. This strategy is used to assess the impact of the acoustic liners on the stability of a realistic fan. It is concluded that the impact of the phasing and reflections induced by the acoustic liners is comparable to that of the intake and can alter the flutter characteristics of the fan significantly.
Dynamic Changes in Yeast Populations and Aroma Composition of ‘Beimei’ (Vitis vinifera × Vitis amurensis) during Spontaneous Fermentation
Authors: Li Y. F. , Liu X. Z. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
‘Beimei’ is a hybrid cultivar of Vitis vinifera and wild Vitis amurensis with fungus- and cold-resistant characteristics that is widely grown in many regions of China. However, studies on the yeast diversity and aroma compound composition of this cultivar remain scarce. Here, indigenous yeast diversity, aroma compound composition, and their dynamic changes during the spontaneous fermentation of ‘Beimei’ were investigated and monitored using high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The result indicated that non-Saccharomyces yeasts were predominant at the initial stages of ‘Beimei’ spontaneous fermentation and then sharply decreased. Cladosporium herbarum and Hanseniaspora uvarum were identified as the dominant species of filamentous fungi and yeast, respectively, at the beginning and on the first day of fermentation, whereas unclassified_f_Saccharomycetacease was dominant throughout fermentation, starting from the third day until the end of fermentation. The main volatile aroma chemicals were esters and alcohols, which accumulated abundantly at the late stage of fermentation. Taken together, this study represents the first step in exploring untapped yeast species and aroma compounds, which is helpful for the screening of native yeasts from ‘Beimei’ and producing distinctive aroma wines.