bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Transcriptome Profiles of Human Blood in Response to the Toll-like Receptor 4 Ligands Lipopolysaccharide and Monophosphoryl Lipid A
Authors: Luan Liming , Patil Naeem K. , Guo Yin , Hernandez Antonio , Bohannon Julia K. , Fensterheim Benjamin A. , Wang Jingbin , Xu Yaomin , Enkhbaatar Perenlei , Stark Ryan , Sherwood Edward R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMonophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a less toxic derivative of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is employed as a vaccine adjuvant and is under investigation as a non-specific immunomodulator. However, the differential response of human leukocytes to MPLA and LPS has not been well characterized. The goal of this study was to compare the differential transcriptomic response of human blood to LPS and MPLA. Venous blood from human volunteers was stimulated with LPS, MPLA or vehicle. Gene expression was determined using microarray analysis. Among 21,103 probes profiled, 136 and 130 genes were differentially regulated by LPS or MPLA, respectively. Seventy four genes were up-regulated and 9 were down-regulated by both ligands. The remaining genes were differentially induced by either agent. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis predicted that LPS and MPLA share similar upstream regulators and have comparable effects on canonical pathways and cellular functions. However, some pro-inflammatory cytokine and inflammasome-associated transcripts were more strongly induced by LPS. In contrast, only the macrophage-regulating chemokine CCL7 was preferentially up-regulated by MPLA. In conclusion, LPS and MPLA induce similar transcriptional profiles. However, LPS more potently induces pro-inflammatory cytokine and inflammasome-linked transcripts. Thus, MPLA is a less potent activator of the pro-inflammatory response but retains effective immunomodulatory activity.
Nonlinear Saturable and Polarization-induced Absorption of Rhenium Disulfide
Authors: Cui Yudong , Lu Feifei , Liu Xueming 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMonolayer of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), with lamellar structure as that of graphene, has attracted significant attentions in optoelectronics and photonics. Here, we focus on the optical absorption response of a new member TMDs, rhenium disulphide (ReS2) whose monolayer and bulk forms have the nearly identical band structures. The nonlinear saturable and polarization-induced absorption of ReS2 are investigated at near-infrared communication band beyond its bandgap. It is found that the ReS2-covered D-shaped fiber (RDF) displays the remarkable polarization-induced absorption, which indicates the different responses for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations relative to ReS2 plane. Nonlinear saturable absorption of RDF exhibits the similar saturable fluence of several tens of μJ/cm2 and modulation depth of about 1% for ultrafast pulses with two orthogonal polarizations. RDF is utilized as a saturable absorber to achieve self-started mode-locking operation in an Er-doped fiber laser. The results broaden the operation wavelength of ReS2 from visible light to around 1550 nm, and numerous applications may benefit from the anisotropic and nonlinear absorption characteristics of ReS2, such as in-line optical polarizers, high-power pulsed lasers, and optical communication system.
HBx promotes cell proliferation by disturbing the cross-talk between miR-181a and PTEN
Authors: Tian Yi , Xiao Xinqiang , Gong Xing , Peng Feng , Xu Yun , Jiang Yongfang , Gong Guozhong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is involved in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism is still needed to be elucidated. In this study, we explored the relationship between HBx and microRNA and their roles in hepato-carcinogenesis. Firstly, by global microarray-based microRNA profiling and qRT-PCR, we found miR-181a was strongly up-regulated in HepG2.2.15 cells (HBV positive) and pHBV1.3-expressing HepG2 cells, and HBx played a major role in it. Secondly, reduced PTEN protein expression in the presence of HBx was aslo mediated by miR-181a, and in the Luciferase reporter system, miR-181a inhibited the PTEN translation by binding the PTEN 3′-untranslated-region (UTR), and PTEN protein was decreased when epigenetic expression of miR-181a and rescued by knocking down miR-181a. Finally, HBx interrupted the balance between apoptosis and proliferation, which contributed to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, was also related to the interaction of miR-181a and PTEN. Taken together, we presented here a novel cross-talk between miR-181a and PTEN which was raised by HBx, and this shined a new line in HBV-related hepato-carcinogenesis.
An analytical model of dynamic sliding friction during impact
Authors: Arakawa Kazuo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDynamic sliding friction was studied based on the angular velocity of a golf ball during an oblique impact. This study used the analytical model proposed for the dynamic sliding friction on lubricated and non-lubricated inclines. The contact area A and sliding velocity u of the ball during impact were used to describe the dynamic friction force Fd = λAu, where λ is a parameter related to the wear of the contact area. A comparison with experimental results revealed that the model agreed well with the observed changes in the angular velocity during impact, and λAu is qualitatively equivalent to the empirical relationship, μN + μη′dA/dt, given by the product between the frictional coefficient μ and the contact force N, and the additional term related to factor η′ for the surface condition and the time derivative of A.
Comparison of the Pharmacological Profiles of Selective PDE4B and PDE4D Inhibitors in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Zhang Chong , Xu Ying , Zhang Han-Ting , Gurney Mark E. , O’Donnell James M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInhibition of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-specific phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) has been proposed as a potential treatment for a series of neuropsychological conditions such as depression, anxiety and memory loss. However, the specific involvement of each of the PDE4 subtypes (PDE4A, 4B and 4C) in different categories of behavior has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we compared the possible pharmacological effects of PDE4B and PDE4D selective inhibitors, A-33 and D159687, in mediating neurological function in mice. Both compounds were equally potent in stimulating cAMP signaling in the mouse hippocampal cell line HT-22 leading to an increase in CREB phosphorylation. In contrast, A-33 and D159687 displayed distinct neuropharmacological effects in mouse behavioral tests. A-33 has an antidepressant-like profile as indicated by reduced immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tasks, as well as reduced latency to feed in the novelty suppressed feeding test. D159687, on the other hand, had a procognitive profile as it improved memory in the novel object recognition test but had no antidepressant or anxiolytic benefit. The present data suggests that inhibitors targeting specific subtypes of PDE4 may exhibit differential pharmacological effects and aid a more efficient pharmacotherapy towards neuropsychological conditions.
Network-Based Approach to Identify Potential Targets and Drugs that Promote Neuroprotection and Neurorepair in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Liu Hailong , Lin Yongzhong , Liu Guangming , Chu Hongwei , Zhao Pengyao , Yang Xiaohan , Zheng Tiezheng , Fan Ming , Zhou Xuezhong , Meng Jun , Sun Changkai 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAcute ischemic stroke (AIS) accounts for more than 80% of the approximately 610,000 new stroke cases worldwide every year. Both ischemia and reperfusion can cause death, damage, and functional changes of affected nerve cells, and these alterations can result in high rates of disability and mortality. Therefore, therapies aimed at increasing neuroprotection and neurorepair would make significant contributions to AIS management. However, with regard to AIS therapies, there is currently a large gap between experimental achievements and practical clinical solutions (EC-GAP-AIS). Here, by integrating curated disease-gene associations and interactome network known to be related to AIS, we investigated the molecular network mechanisms of multi-module structures underlying AIS, which might be relevant to the time frame subtypes of AIS. In addition, the EC-GAP-AIS phenomenon was confirmed and elucidated by the shortest path lengths and the inconsistencies in the molecular functionalities and overlapping pathways between AIS-related genes and drug targets. Furthermore, we identified 23 potential targets (e.g. ADORA3, which is involved in the regulation of cellular reprogramming and the extracellular matrix) and 46 candidate drugs (e.g. felbamate, methylphenobarbital and memantine) that may have value for the treatment of AIS.
Overproduction of superoxide dismutase and catalase confers cassava resistance to Tetranychus cinnabarinus
Authors: Lu Fuping , Liang Xiao , Lu Hui , Li Qian , Chen Qing , Zhang Peng , Li kaimian , Liu Guanghua , Yan Wei , Song Jiming , Duan Chunfang , Zhang Linhui 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTo explore the role of protective enzymes in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) resistance to mites, transgenic cassava lines overproducing copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (MeCu/ZnSOD) and catalase (MeCAT1) were used to evaluate and molecularly confirm cassava resistance to Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Laboratory evaluation demonstrated that, compared with the control cultivar TMS60444 (wild type, WT), the survival, reproduction, development and activities of SOD and CAT in T. cinnabarinus feeding on transgenic cassava lines SC2, SC4, and SC11 significantly inhibited. Furthermore, the activities of SOD and CAT in transgenic cassava lines SC2, SC4, and SC11 damaged by T. cinnabarinus significantly increased. These findings were similar to the results in the mite-resistant cassava cultivars. Besides, field evaluation indicated that the transgenic cassava lines SC2, SC4, and SC11 were slightly damaged as the highly mite-resistant control C1115, while the highly mite-susceptible WT was severely damaged by T. cinnabarinus. Laboratory and field evaluation demonstrated that transgenic cassava lines were resistant to T. cinnabarinus, which directly confirmed that the increase in SOD and CAT activities was positively related to cassava resistance to T. cinnabarinus. These results will help in understanding the antioxidant defense responses in the cassava–mite interaction and molecular breeding of mite-resistant cassava for effective pest control.
Hardness of cubic solid solutions
Authors: Gao Faming 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate that a hardening rule exists in cubic solid solutions with various combinations of ionic, covalent and metallic bonding. It is revealed that the hardening stress ∆τFcg is determined by three factors: shear modulus G, the volume fraction of solute atoms fv, and the size misfit degree δb. A simple hardening correlation in KCl-KBr solid-solution is proposed as ∆τFcg = 0.27 G"Equation missing". It is applied to calculate the hardening behavior of the Ag-Au, KCl-KBr, InP-GaP, TiN-TiC, HfN-HfC, TiC-NbC and ZrC-NbC solid-solution systems. The composition dependence of hardness is elucidated quantitatively. The BN-BP solid-solution system is quantitatively predicted. We find a hardening plateau region around the x = 0.55–0.85 in BNxP1−x, where BNxP1−x solid solutions are far harder than cubic BN. Because the prediction is quantitative, it sets the stage for a broad range of applications.
A Lag in Speech Motor Coordination During Sentence Production Is Associated With Stuttering Persistence in Young Children
Authors: Usler Evan , Smith Anne , Weber Christine 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine if indices of speech motor coordination during the production of sentences varying in sentence length and syntactic complexity were associated with stuttering persistence versus recovery in 5- to 7-year-old children.MethodsWe compared children with persistent stuttering (CWS-Per) with children who had recovered (CWS-Rec), and children who do not stutter (CWNS). A kinematic measure of articulatory coordination, lip aperture variability (LAVar), and overall movement duration were computed for perceptually fluent sentence productions varying in length and syntactic complexity.ResultsCWS-Per exhibited higher LAVar across sentence types compared to CWS-Rec and CWNS. For the participants who successfully completed the experimental paradigm, the demands of increasing sentence length and syntactic complexity did not appear to disproportionately affect the speech motor coordination of CWS-Per compared to their recovered and fluent peers. However, a subset of CWS-Per failed to produce the required number of accurate utterances.ConclusionsThese findings support our hypothesis that the speech motor coordination of school-age CWS-Per, on average, is less refined and less mature compared to CWS-Rec and CWNS. Childhood recovery from stuttering is characterized, in part, by overcoming an earlier occurring maturational lag in speech motor development.
Synthesizing Information From Language Samples and Standardized Tests in School-Age Bilingual Assessment
Authors: Ebert Kerry Danahy , Pham Giang 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Although language samples and standardized tests are regularly used in assessment, few studies provide clinical guidance on how to synthesize information from these testing tools. This study extends previous work on the relations between tests and language samples to a new population—school-age bilingual speakers with primary language impairment—and considers the clinical implications for bilingual assessment.

Method
Fifty-one bilingual children with primary language impairment completed narrative language samples and standardized language tests in English and Spanish. Children were separated into younger (ages 5;6 [years;months]–8;11) and older (ages 9;0–11;2) groups. Analysis included correlations with age and partial correlations between language sample measures and test scores in each language.

Results
Within the younger group, positive correlations with large effect sizes indicated convergence between test scores and microstructural language sample measures in both Spanish and English. There were minimal correlations in the older group for either language. Age related to English but not Spanish measures.

Conclusions
Tests and language samples complement each other in assessment. Wordless picture-book narratives may be more appropriate for ages 5–8 than for older children. We discuss clinical implications, including a case example of a bilingual child with primary language impairment, to illustrate how to synthesize information from these tools in assessment.
Inclusion agglomeration in electrified molten metal: Thermodynamic consideration
Authors: Zhao Z. C. , Qin R. S. 
Published: January 2017

The effect of electric current on inclusion agglomeration in molten metal has been investigated. It is found that the agglomeration is dependent on the electric current density, distance between inclusions and orientation of electric field. Electric current retards the agglomeration unless two inclusions are aligned along or closely to the current flow streamlines and the distance between inclusions is less than a critical value. The mechanism is also validated in the computation of cluster agglomeration. The numerical results provide a comprehensive indication for the current-induced inclusion removal and current-induced inclusion elongation. When the inclusions are in long-thin shape, the calculation predicts the current-induced microstructure alignment and current-induced microstructure refinement phenomena. This paper is part of a themed issue on Materials in External Fields.
Comparison of soybean cultivars for enhancement of the polyamine contents in the fermented soybean natto using Bacillus subtilis (natto)
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuya , Horii Yuichiro , Watanabe Satoshi , Kubo Yuji , Koguchi Kumiko , Hoshi Yoshihiro , Matsumoto Ken-ichi , Soda Kuniyasu 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Polyamines have beneficial properties to prevent aging-associated diseases. Raw soybean has relatively high polyamine contents; and the fermented soybean natto is a good source of polyamines. However, detailed information of diversity of polyamine content in raw soybean is lacking. The objectives of this study were to evaluate differences of polyamines among raw soybeans and select the high polyamine-containing cultivar for natto production. Polyamine contents were measured chromatographically in 16 samples of soybean, which showed high variation among soybeans as follows: 93–861 nmol/g putrescine, 1055–2306 nmol/g spermidine, and 177–578 nmol/g spermine. We then confirmed the high correlations of polyamine contents between raw soybean and natto (r = 0.96, 0.95, and 0.94 for putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, respectively). Furthermore, comparison of the polyamine contents among 9 Japanese cultivars showed that ‘Nakasen-nari’ has the highest polyamine contents, suggesting its suitability for enhancement of polyamine contents of natto.
Maximizers for the singular Trudinger-Moser inequalities in the subcritical cases
Authors: Lam Nguyen 
Published: January 2017

The main purpose of this note is to study the existence of extremal functions for the singular Trudinger-Moser inequalities in the subcritical cases. More precisely, let

N
≥
2

N\geq 2

,

0
>
β
>
N
,

0
>
a
,

b

~0>\beta >N,~0>a,~b

and denote

T

M

a
,
b
,
β

(
α
)

a
m
p
;
=

sup

‖
∇
u
‖

N

a

+

‖
u
‖

N

b

≤
1

∫

R

N

ϕ

N

(
α

(
1
−

β
N

)

|
u
|

N

N
−
1

)

d
x

|
x
|

β

,

ϕ

N

(
t
)

a
m
p
;
=

e

t

−

∑

j
=
0

N
−
2

t

j

j
!

.

\begin{align*} TM_{a,b,\beta }\left ( \alpha \right ) & =\sup _{\left \Vert \nabla u\right \Vert _{N}^{a}+\left \Vert u\right \Vert _{N}^{b}\leq 1}\int _{ \mathbb {R}^{N}}\phi _{N}\left ( \alpha \left ( 1-\frac {\beta }{N}\right ) \left \vert u\right \vert ^{\frac {N}{N-1}}\right ) \frac {dx}{\left \vert x\right \vert ^{\beta }},\\ \phi _{N}(t) & =e^{t}- {\displaystyle \sum \limits _{j=0}^{N-2}} \frac {t^{j}}{j!}. \end{align*}

Then we will prove in this article that

T

M

a
,
b
,
β

(
α
)

TM_{a,b,\beta }\left ( \alpha \right )

can be attained if (

α
>

α

N

=
N

ω

N
−
1

1

N
−
1

\alpha >\alpha _{N}=N\omega _{N-1}^{\frac {1}{N-1}}

) or (

α
=

α

N

;

\alpha =\alpha _{N};

b
>
N

b>N

).
On the fractional Lane-Emden equation
Authors: Dávila Juan , Dupaigne Louis , Wei Juncheng 
Published: January 2017

We classify solutions of finite Morse index of the fractional Lane-Emden equation
\[

(
−
Δ

)

s

u
=
|
u

|

p
−
1

u

in

R

n

.

(-\Delta )^{s} u = \vert u\vert ^{p-1} u\;\; \text {in $\mathbb {R}^n$.}

\]
The quasispecies regime for the simple genetic algorithm with ranking selection
Authors: Cerf Raphaël 
Published: January 2017

We study the simple genetic algorithm with a ranking selection mechanism (linear ranking or tournament). We denote by

ℓ
\ell

the length of the chromosomes, by

m
m

the population size, by

p
C

p_C

the crossover probability and by

p
M

p_M

the mutation probability. We introduce a parameter

σ
\sigma

, called the strength of the ranking selection, which measures the selection intensity of the fittest chromosome. We show that the dynamics of the genetic algorithm depends in a critical way on the parameter
\[

π

=

σ
(
1
−

p
C

)
(
1
−

p
M

)
ℓ

.

\pi \,=\,\sigma (1-p_C)(1-p_M)^\ell \,.

\]
If

π
>
1

\pi >1

, then the genetic algorithm operates in a disordered regime: an advantageous mutant disappears with probability larger than

1
−
1

/

m
β

1-1/m^\beta

, where

β
\beta

is a positive exponent. If

π
>
1

\pi >1

, then the genetic algorithm operates in a quasispecies regime: an advantageous mutant invades a positive fraction of the population with probability larger than a constant

p
∗

p^*

(which does not depend on

m
m

). We estimate next the probability of the occurrence of a catastrophe (the whole population falls below a fitness level which was previously reached by a positive fraction of the population). The asymptotic results suggest the following rules:

∙
\bullet

π
=
σ
(
1
−

p
C

)
(
1
−

p
M

)
ℓ

\pi =\sigma (1-p_C)(1-p_M)^\ell

should be slightly larger than

1
1

;

∙
\bullet

p
M

p_M

should be of order

1

/

ℓ

1/\ell

;

∙
\bullet

m
m

should be larger than

ℓ
ln
⁡
ℓ

\ell \ln \ell

;

∙
\bullet

the running time should be at most of exponential order in

m
m

.

The first condition requires that

ℓ

p
M

+

p
C

>
ln
⁡
σ

\ell p_M +p_C> \ln \sigma

. These conclusions must be taken with great care: they come from an asymptotic regime, and it is a formidable task to understand the relevance of this regime for a real–world problem. At least, we hope that these conclusions provide interesting guidelines for the practical implementation of the simple genetic algorithm.
Levels of Angiopoietin-Like-2 Are Positively Associated With Aortic Stiffness and Mortality After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Desjardins Marie-Pier , Thorin-Trescases Nathalie , Sidibé Aboubacar , Fortier Catherine , De Serres Sacha A. , Larivière Richard , Thorin Eric , Agharazii Mohsen 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Angiopoietin-like-2 (ANGPTL2) is a secreted proinflammatory glycoprotein that promotes endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Circulating ANGPTL2 is increased in chronic kidney disease (CKD), where the risk of CVD is amplified. The objectives of the present study were to (i) examine whether kidney transplantation (KTx) reduces ANGPTL2 levels, (ii) identify the determinants of ANGPTL2 after KTx, (iii) study the association of ANGPTL2 with aortic stiffness, and (iv) assess the impact of ANGPTL2 on mortality after KTx.

METHODS
In 75 patients, serum ANGPTL2 levels were measured at baseline and 3 months after KTx. Aortic stiffness was determined by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, glomerular filtration rate was estimated by CKD-EPI formula, and serum cytokines and endothlin-1 levels were determined 3 months after KTx. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression after a median follow-up of 90 months.

RESULTS
After 3 months of KTx, ANGPTL2 levels decreased from 71 ng/ml (53–95) to 11 ng/ml (9–15) (P &lt; 0.001). In multivariate analysis, age, lower renal function, and endothelin-1 were independently associated with higher post-KTx ANGPTL2 levels. ANGPTL2 was positively associated with aortic stiffness after KTx, even when adjusted for mean blood pressure (standardized β = 0.314; P = 0.008). During follow-up, 13 deaths occurred. The group of patients with higher post-KTx ANGPTL2 levels had a hazard ratio for mortality of 3.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.07–14.4; P = 0.039).

CONCLUSION
KTx significantly reduced serum ANGPTL2 levels. The positive association between post-KTx ANGPTL2, aortic stiffness and mortality, suggests that ANGPTL2 may play a biological role in CKD-related CVD.