bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crescimento em altura de <i>Araucaria angustifolia</i> (Bert.) O. Ktze. em três sítios naturais, na região de Canela (RS).
Authors: Scheeren Luciano Weber , Finger César Augusto Guimarães , Schumacher Mauro Valdir , Longhi Solon Jonas 
Published: May 2017

Este trabalho teve como objetivos o estudo do crescimento da altura dominante em função da idade em três sítios naturais, e a determinação da eficiência da classificação natural de sítios para Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. em um plantio na região de Canela, RS. Para o ajuste dos dados de altura e idade, obtidos mediante análise de tronco, utilizou-se a equação de Richards de dois e de três coeficientes, resultando o modelo com três coeficientes mais eficiente para o ajuste dos dados das doze árvores dominantes amostradas nos três sítios naturais em estudo. Obteve-se como resultado sete grupos de árvores dominantes com diferentes tendências de crescimento, demonstrando que a classificação natural de sítios não detectou, de maneira precisa, o efeito das variáveis ambientais no crescimento em altura de Araucaria angustifolia.
Crescimento de mudas de <i>Eucalyptus globulus </i>em resposta à fertilização NPK.
Authors: Pezzutti Raul Vicente , Scnumacher Mauro Valdir , Hoppe Juarez Martins 
Published: May 2017

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento de mudas de Eucalyptus globulus subsp. maidenii em resposta a diferentes doses de NPK, originadas da combinação de fertilizantes de liberação rápida e lenta. O estudo foi realizado em casa de vegetação climatizada, localizada no Centro Tecnológico de Silvicultura, pertencente ao Departamento de Ciências Floretais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-RS, no perído de setembro a dezembro de 1997. As plantas foram cultivadas em substrato à base de uma composto orgânico de casca de Pinus spp.. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, constando de 4 tratamentos, constituídos de doses de fósforo (superfostato simples (0-18-0)) e de um fertilizante de liberação lenta N-P-K (14-14-14) denominado Osmocote, sendo derivado de nitrato de amônio, fosfato de amônio, fosfato de cálcio e sulfato de potássio. Os tratamentos, resultantes da combinação de 60% de superfostato simples e 40% de osmocote foram 0,0; 2,5; 5,0 e 7,5 Kg m-3 de substrato. Para cada tratamento foram usadas 4 repetições, sendo cada uma composta de 11 plantas. Ao final de 100 dias, foram avaliados a altura, o diâmetro do colo, a massa seca da parte aérea, a massa seca do sistema radicular e o número de folhas. Pelos resultados obtidos verificou-se que o crescimento das plantas de Eucalyptus globulus subsp. maidenii, respondeu positivamente à fertilização NPK [60% Super Simples (0-18-0) + 40% fertilizante de liberação lenta (14-14-14)]. Quando não foi aplicado fertilizante as mudas apresentaram um menor crescimento enquanto que os máximos crescimentos em altura, diâmetro do colo, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca radicular e número de folhas foram obtidos no intervalo de doses de 6,7 a 7,5 Kg m-3 de substrato.
Face recognition is similarly affected by viewpoint in school-aged children and adults
Authors: Nordt Marisa , Weigelt Sarah 
Published: May 2017

There is an ongoing debate on the question when face processing abilities mature. One aspect that has been part of this debate is the ability to recognize faces in and across different viewpoints. Here, we tested 128 participants consisting of school-age children (ages, 5–10 years) and adults (ages, 19–37 years) in two experiments to investigate the effects of different viewpoints (including front, three-quarter, profile view) on face recognition during development. Furthermore, we compared recognition performance for faces to that of another object category (cars). In the first experiment (n = 88) we tested if the pattern of performance for faces presented in different viewpoints is similar in school-aged children and adults. Participants completed a two-alternative-forced-choice (2AFC) memory task comprising images of both faces and cars in front, three-quarter and profile view, which were presented in the same viewpoint during learning and testing. In the second experiment (n = 40) we tested if face recognition is similarly affected by viewpoint changes in children and adults. In this experiment the 2AFC memory task included a change of viewpoint between learning and testing. While in both experiments we found higher recognition performance for faces with increasing age, the overall pattern of both viewpoint and viewpoint-change-effects and also the difference between view-change- and no-change-conditions was similar across age groups. In contrast to faces, no viewpoint effects were observed in cars (experiment 1), viewpoint change effects, however, were similar for cars and faces (experiment 2). In sum, our results suggest early maturity of the ability to recognize faces in and across different viewpoints.
Behavior of predicted convective clouds and precipitation in the high‐resolution Unified Model over the Indian summer monsoon region
Authors: Jayakumar A. , Sethunadh Jisesh , Rakhi R. , Arulalan T. , Mohandas Saji , Iyengar Gopal R. , Rajagopal E. N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNational Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting high‐resolution regional convective‐scale Unified Model with latest tropical science settings is used to evaluate vertical structure of cloud and precipitation over two prominent monsoon regions: Western Ghats (WG) and Monsoon Core Zone (MCZ). Model radar reflectivity generated using Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project Observation Simulator Package along with CloudSat profiling radar reflectivity is sampled for an active synoptic situation based on a new method using Budyko's index of turbulence (BT). Regime classification based on BT‐precipitation relationship is more predominant during the active monsoon period when convective‐scale model's resolution increases from 4 km to 1.5 km. Model predicted precipitation and vertical distribution of hydrometeors are found to be generally in agreement with Global Precipitation Measurement products and BT‐based CloudSat observation, respectively. Frequency of occurrence of radar reflectivity from model implies that the low‐level clouds below freezing level is underestimated compared to the observations over both regions. In addition, high‐level clouds in the model predictions are much lesser over WG than MCZ.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of Pyrazoles from 1,3‐Diarylpropenes and Hydrazines via Multiple Inter‐/Intramolecular C–H Aminations
Authors: Tang Li , Ma Minyan , Zhang Qi , Luo Huan , Wang Tao , Chai Yonghai 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA facile and metal‐free access to pyrazoles from 1,3‐diarylpropenes and hydrazines via multiple inter‐/intramolecular C‐H aminations was described. Under the neutral and mild 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) oxidative conditions, various disubstituted pyrazoles were synthesized in moderate to excellent yields. This method provides a pot‐ and step‐economic strategy for the construction of pyrazoles, especially those for drug discovery.magnified image
Tunable Supramolecular Assembly and Photoswitchable Conversion of Cyclodextrin/Diphenylalanine‐Based 1D and 2D Nanostructures
Authors: Sun He‐Lue , Chen Yong , Han Xu , Liu Yu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA photocontrolled, interconvertible supramolecular 2D‐nanosheet/1D‐nanotube system was constructed through the supramolecular assembly of adamantanyl‐modified diphenylalanine with azobenzene‐bridged bis(β‐cyclodextrin). The nanosheet exhibited a greater fluorescence enhancement effect than the nanotube. Significantly, these nanosheets and nanotubes could interconvert via the photocontrolled trans/cis isomerization of azobenzene linkers in bis(β‐cyclodextrin), and this photo‐switchable one‐dimensional/two‐dimensional morphological interconversion was reversible and recyclable. This enables convenient routes to highly ordered nanostructures with various morphologies and dimensions that can be controlled by external stimuli.
Perowskit‐Solarzellen: atomare Ebene, Schichtqualität und Leistungsfähigkeit der Zellen
Authors: Saliba Michael , Correa‐Baena Juan‐Pablo , Grätzel Michael , Hagfeldt Anders , Abate Antonio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOrganisch‐anorganische Perowskite fanden in den letzten Jahren enormes Interesse aufgrund ihrer außergewöhnlichen Materialeigenschaften wie hohe panchromatische Absorption, große Ladungsträgerdiffusionslängen und eine scharfe optische Bandlücke. Die Kombination qualitativ hochwertiger Halbleiter mit günstigen Herstellungsmethoden scheint eine ideale Paarung zu sein, die auch außerhalb der akademischen Welt für große Begeisterung sorgt. Das gilt insbesondere für Perowskit‐Solarzellen (PSZs), die in nur 5 Jahren beispiellose Steigerungen ihrer Effizienz und Stabilität gezeigt haben. Derzeit gibt es ernsthafte Kommerzialisierungsbestrebungen mit der Hoffnung, dass PSZs eine große Rolle bei der Erzeugung von kostengünstigem, nachhaltigem Solarstrom spielen werden. In diesem Aufsatz betrachten wir die Materialeigenschaften und Solarzellstrukturen von PSZs vom atomaren Niveau bis zu Dünnfilmen, um die verbleibenden Herausforderungen bei PSZs zu identifizieren und zukünftige Richtungen aufzuzeigen.
meta‐C−H Arylation and Alkylation of Benzylsulfonamide Enabled by a Palladium(II)/Isoquinoline Catalyst
Authors: Cheng Guolin , Wang Peng , Yu Jin‐Quan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPalladium(II)‐catalyzed meta‐C−H arylation and alkylation of benzylsulfonamide using 2‐carbomethoxynorbornene (NBE‐CO2Me) as a transient mediator are realized by using a newly developed electron‐deficient directing group and isoquinoline as a ligand. This protocol features broad substrate scope and excellent functional‐group tolerance. The meta‐substituted benyzlsulfonamides can be readily transformed into sodium sulfonates, sulfonate esters, and sulfonamides, as well as styrenes by Julia‐type olefination. The unique impact of the isoquinoline ligand underscores the importance of subtle matching between ligands and the directing groups.
SuFEx‐Based Polysulfonate Formation from Ethenesulfonyl Fluoride–Amine Adducts
Authors: Wang Hua , Zhou Feng , Ren Gerui , Zheng Qinheng , Chen Hongli , Gao Bing , Klivansky Liana , Liu Yi , Wu Bin , Xu Qingfeng , Lu Jianmei , Sharpless K. Barry , Wu Peng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe SuFEx‐based polycondensation between bisalkylsulfonyl fluorides (AA monomers) and bisphenol bis(t‐butyldimethylsilyl) ethers (BB monomers) using [Ph3P=N−PPh3]+[HF2]− as the catalyst is described. The AA monomers were prepared via the highly reliable Michael addition of ethenesulfonyl fluoride and amines/anilines while the BB monomers were obtained from silylation of bisphenols by t‐butyldimethylsilyl chloride. With these reactions, a remarkable diversity of monomeric building blocks was achieved by exploiting readily available amines, anilines, and bisphenols as starting materials. The SuFEx‐based polysulfonate formation reaction exhibited excellent efficiency and functional group tolerance, producing polysulfonates with a variety of side chain functionalities in >99 % conversion within 10 min to 1 h. When bearing an orthogonal group on the side chain, the polysulfonates can be further functionalized via click‐chemistry‐based post‐polymerization modification.
Perovskite Solar Cells: From the Atomic Level to Film Quality and Device Performance
Authors: Saliba Michael , Correa‐Baena Juan‐Pablo , Grätzel Michael , Hagfeldt Anders , Abate Antonio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOrganic–inorganic perovskites have made tremendous progress in recent years due to exceptional material properties such as high panchromatic absorption, charge carrier diffusion lengths, and a sharp optical band edge. The combination of high‐quality semiconductor performance with low‐cost deposition techniques seems to be a match made in heaven, creating great excitement far beyond academic ivory towers. This is particularly true for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) that have shown unprecedented gains in efficiency and stability over a time span of just five years. Now there are serious efforts for commercialization with the hope that PSCs can make a major impact in generating inexpensive, sustainable solar electricity. In this Review, we will focus on perovskite material properties as well as on devices from the atomic to the thin film level to highlight the remaining challenges and to anticipate the future developments of PSCs.
An Electrochemically Treated BiVO4 Photoanode for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Songcan , Chen Peng , Yun Jung‐Ho , Hu Yuxiang , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBiVO4 films with (040) facet grown vertically on fluorine doped SnO2 (FTO) glass substrates are prepared by a seed‐assisted hydrothermal method. A simple electrochemical treatment process drastically enhances the photocatalytic activity of BiVO4, exhibiting a remarkable photocurrent density of 2.5 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under AM 1.5 G illumination, which is approximately 10‐fold higher than that of the pristine photoanode. Loading cobalt borate (CoBi) as cocatalyst, the photocurrent density of the BiVO4 photoanode can be further improved to 3.2 mA cm−2, delivering an applied bias photon‐to‐current efficiency (ABPE) of 1.1 %. Systematic studies reveal that crystal facet orientation also synergistically boosts both charge separation and transfer efficiencies, resulting in remarkably enhanced photocurrent densities. These findings provide a facile and effective approach for the development of efficient photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting.
One‐pot ethanolysis of carbohydrates to promising biofuels: 5‐ethoxymethylfurfural and ethyl levulinate
Authors: Xu Guizhuan , Chen Binglin , Zheng Zhangbin , Li Kai , Tao Hongge 
Published: May 2017

Abstract5‐Ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) and ethyl levulinate (EL) have been considered as the new promising biofuels. A comparative study was conducted for the direct conversion of carbohydrates into EMF and EL in different medium containing ethanol. The distribution and formation kinetics of EL, EMF, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and levulinic acid (LA) in pure ethanol and ethanol/organic solvent medium were compared, and the results showed that the addition of n‐hexane can improve the accumulation of EMF. When the volume ratio of ethanol to n‐hexane was 6:4, 66.29% of EMF yield can be obtained from fructose at 120°C and 180 min. The total yield of the EMF and EL can reach to 83.71%, increased by 5.73% compared with that in pure ethanol medium. Moreover, water addition can suppress the etherification of HMF to EMF and promote the rehydration of HMF to LA in the process. On the basis, a putative reaction pathway for the conversion of carbohydrates in ethanol/n‐hexane medium was proposed. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic review of transarterial embolization for hepatocellular adenomas
Authors: van Rosmalen B V , Coelen R J S , Bieze M , van Delden O M , Verheij J , Dejong C H C , van Gulik T M 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) larger than 5 cm in diameter is considered an indication for elective surgery, because of the risk of haemorrhage and malignant transformation. Transarterial embolization (TAE) is used to manage bleeding HCA and occasionally to reduce tumour size. TAE might have potential as an elective therapy, but its current role in this context is uncertain. This systematic review provides an overview of clinical outcomes after TAE, in bleeding and non-bleeding HCA.

Methods
Two independent reviewers performed a systematic search of literature in PubMed and Embase. Outcomes were change in tumour size, avoidance of surgery, complications and malignant transformation after TAE in bleeding and non-bleeding HCA. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool for cohort studies was used for quality assessment of included studies.

Results
From 320 potential articles, 20 cohort studies and 20 case reports including 851 patients met the inclusion criteria. TAE was performed in 151 of 851 patients (17·7 per cent), involving 196 tumours, of which 95 (48·5 per cent) were non-bleeding. Surgical treatment was avoided in 68 of 151 patients (45·0 per cent). Elective TAE was performed in 49 patients involving 66 HCAs, with 41 of these patients (84 per cent) not requiring surgery. Major complications occurred in eight of 151 patients (5·3 per cent); no death was reported. Among cohort studies, complete tumour disappearance was observed in 10 per cent of patients, and regression in 75 per cent.

Conclusion
Acute or elective TAE in the management of HCA is safe. In the elective setting, TAE provides a potential alternative to surgery.
Systematic review of surgical and medical treatment for tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Dulfer R R , Franssen G J H , Hesselink D A , Hoorn E J , van Eijck C H J , van Ginhoven T M 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
A significant proportion of patients with chronic kidney disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) remain hyperparathyroid after kidney transplantation, a state known as tertiary HPT. Without treatment, tertiary HPT can lead to diminished kidney allograft and patient survival. Parathyroidectomy was commonly performed to treat tertiary HPT until the introduction of the calcimimetic drug, cinacalcet. It is not known whether surgery or medical treatment is superior for tertiary HPT.

Methods
A systematic review was performed and medical literature databases were searched for studies on the treatment of tertiary HPT that were published after the approval of cinacalcet.

Results
A total of 1669 articles were identified, of which 47 were included in the review. Following subtotal and total parathyroidectomy, initial cure rates were 98·7 and 100 per cent respectively, but in 7·6 and 4 per cent of patients tertiary HPT recurred. After treatment with cinacalcet, 80·8 per cent of the patients achieved normocalcaemia. Owing to side-effects, 6·4 per cent of patients discontinued cinacalcet treatment. The literature regarding graft function and survival is limited; however, renal graft survival after surgical treatment appears comparable to that obtained with cinacalcet therapy.

Conclusion
Side-effects and complications of both treatment modalities were mild and occurred in a minority of patients. Surgical treatment for tertiary HPT has higher cure rates than medical therapy.
Pseudomorphic Transformation of Porous Glasses into Micelle‐Templated Silica
Authors: Uhlig Hans , Hollenbach Julia , Rogaczewski Matthias , Matysik Jörg , Brieler Felix J. , Fröba Michael , Enke Dirk 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMicelle‐templated silica (MTS)‐composites with flexible macroscopic shape, monomodal or bimodal (hierarchical) pore structure, and high mechanical stability can be prepared by partial or complete pseudomorphic transformation of porous glasses (PG). The state of research concerning synthesis, transformation mechanism, characterization, and application of MTS/PG‐composites is reviewed and the investigation of the transformation products by 129Xe NMR spectroscopy and the direct synthesis of Al‐MCM‐41/PG‐composites are introduced. Finally, several approaches like a double‐templating strategy for pore protection is shown.
Aspirin and the risk of cardiovascular events in atherosclerosis patients with and without prior ischemic events
Authors: Bavry Anthony A. , Elgendy Islam Y. , Elbez Yedid , Mahmoud Ahmed N. , Sorbets Emmanuel , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Bhatt Deepak L. ,   for the REACH Registry Investigators
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe benefit of aspirin among patients with stable atherosclerosis without a prior ischemic event is not well defined.HypothesisAspirin would be of benefit in outpatients with atherosclerosis with prior ischemic events, but not in those without ischemic events.MethodsSubjects from the Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health registry were divided according to prior ischemic event (n =21 724) vs stable atherosclerosis, but no prior ischemic event (n = 11 872). Analyses were propensity score matched. Aspirin use was updated at each clinic visit and considered as a time‐varying covariate. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke.ResultsIn the group with a prior ischemic event, aspirin use was associated with a marginally lower risk of the primary outcome at a median of 41 months (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65‐1.01, P = 0.06). In the group without a prior ischemic event, aspirin use was not associated with a lower risk of the primary outcome at a median of 36 months (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.73‐1.45, P = 0.86).ConclusionsIn this observational analysis of outpatients with stable atherosclerosis, aspirin was marginally beneficial among patients with a prior ischemic event; however, there was no apparent benefit among those with no prior ischemic event.
Versatile Reducing Reaction Field within Layered Polysilane for Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Ohashi Masataka , Yaokawa Ritsuko , Takatani Yasuhiro , Nakano Hideyuki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMetal nanoparticles (MNPs) have received a great deal of attention in both scientific and industrial fields because of their special characteristics originating in the nanostructure. Herein, we developed a new synthesis strategy for MNPs based on the utilization of layered polysilane (Si6H6). The special arrangements of layers in this material allows the formation of an interlayer space with both suitable dimensions and surface chemistry characteristics for reducing metal ions to MNPs in a simple and efficient manner. The interlayer space assimilates a metal ion by a capillary condensation effect. These metal ions are subsequently reduced by the hydrosilyl groups on layered polysilane, thereby forming MNPs within the interlayer space. The synthesis strategies for MNPs presented in this paper can be utilized as a method for recovering and absorbing noble or toxic metal elements.
Quantum theory of the dissipative Josephson parametric amplifier
Authors: Kaiser W. , Haider M. , Russer J. A. , Russer P. , Jirauschek C. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryRecent research in superconducting quantum circuits operating close to the quantum limit results in the need of a quantum mechanical treatment of losses. Of special interest is the dynamic behaviour of an open quantum system. As an example, a negative‐resistance Josephson parametric amplifier is treated. The DC bias voltage is chosen such that a strong interaction between the Josephson junction and the two resonant circuits, the signal and the idler circuit, is achieved. Power exchange occurs between the two considered resonator modes and also between the resonator modes and the DC power supply. Losses in the resonators are modeled by the quantum Langevin method, which describes the losses by coupling the resonators to a heat bath representing a photon gas in thermal equilibrium. The derived dynamic behaviour does not provide signal energy saturation, like classically expected for parametric amplifiers. Introducing a phenomenological multi‐photon coupling approach, saturation of the amplified signal is ensured. The time evolution of the signal and noise energy is calculated and numerically evaluated for a specific example in cases of both, the quantum Langevin method with and without the phenomenological multi‐photon coupling approach. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.