bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computerized triplet beam orientation optimization for MRI‐guided Co‐60 radiotherapy
Authors: Nguyen Dan , Thomas David , Cao Minsong , O’Connor Daniel , Lamb James , Sheng Ke 
Published: September 2016

PurposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided Co‐60 provides daily and intrafractional MRI soft tissue imaging for improved target and critical organ tracking. To increase delivery efficiency, the system uses three Co‐60 sources at 120° apart, allowing up to 600 cGy combined dose rate at isocenter. Despite the potential tripling in output, creating a delivery plan that uses all three sources is considerably unintuitive. Here, the authors computerize the triplet orientation optimization using column generation, an approach that was demonstrated effective in integrated beam orientation and fluence optimization for noncoplanar therapies. To achieve a better plan quality without increasing the treatment time, the authors then solve a fluence map optimization (FMO) problem while regularizing the fluence maps to reduce the number of deliverable MLC segments.MethodsThree patients—one prostate, one lung, and one head and neck boost plan (H&NBoost)—were evaluated in this study. For each patient, the beamlet doses were calculated using Monte Carlo, under a 0.35 T magnetic field, for 180 equally spaced coplanar beams grouped into 60 triplets. The beamlet size is 1.05 × 0.5 cm determined by the MLC leaf thickness and step size. The triplets were selected using the column generation algorithm. The FMO problem was formulated using an L2‐norm dose fidelity term and an L1‐norm anisotropic total variation regularization term, which allows controlling the number of MLC segments, and hence the treatment time, with minimal degradation to the dose. The authors’ Fluence Regularization and Optimized Selection of Triplets (FROST) plans were compared against the clinical treatment plans (CLNs) produced by an experienced dosimetrist. PTV homogeneity, max dose, mean dose, D95, D98, and D99 were evaluated. OAR max and mean doses, as well as R50, defined as the ratio of the 50% isodose volume over the planning target volume were investigated.ResultsThe mean PTV D95, D98, and D99 differ by +0.04%, +0.07%, and +0.25% of the prescription dose between planning methods. The mean PTV homogeneity was virtually same with values at 0.8788 (FROST) and 0.8812 (CLN). R50 decreased by 0.67 comparing FROST to CLN. On average, FROST reduced Dmax and Dmean of OARs by 7.30% and 6.08% of the prescription dose, respectively. The manual CLN planning processes required numerous trial and error runs. The FROST plans on the other hand required minimal human intervention.ConclusionsEfficient delivery of MRI‐guided Co‐60 therapy needs the output of multiple sources yet suffers from unintuitive and laborious manual beam selection processes. Computerized triplet orientation optimization improves both planning efficiency and plan dosimetry. The novel fluence map regularization provides additional controls over the number of MLC segments and treatment time.
Acute Effects of Posture Shirts on Rounded-Shoulder and Forward-Head Posture in College Students
Authors: Manor John , Hibberd Elizabeth , Petschauer Meredith , Myers Joseph 
Published: September 2016

Context:Rounded-shoulder and forward-head posture can be contributing factors to shoulder pain. Corrective techniques such as manual therapy and exercise have been shown to improve these altered postures, but there is little evidence that corrective garments such as posture shirts can alter posture.Objectives:To determine the acute effects of corrective postureshirt use on rounded-shoulder and forward-head posture in asymptomatic college students.Design:Repeated-measures intervention study with counterbalanced conditions.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:24 members of the general student body of a university, 18–25 y old, with a forward shoulder angle (FSA) >52° and no history of upper-extremity surgery, scoliosis, active shoulder pain, or shoulder pain in the previous 3 mo that restricted participation for 3 consecutive days.Interventions:Photographic posture assessment under a control condition, under a sham or treatment condition (counterbalanced), under another control condition, and treatment or sham.Main Outcome Measures:FSA and forward head angle (FHA) calculated from a lateral photograph.Results:FSA decreased relative to the control condition while participants wore the sham shirt (P = .029) but not the corrective posture shirt (P = 1.00). FHA was unchanged between groups (P = .371).Conclusions:Application of a corrective posture shirt did not acutely alter FSA or FHA, while application of a sham shirt may decrease FSA at rest.
Ensemble Prediction with Different Spatial Resolutions for the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympic Games: The Effects of Calibration and Multimodel Approaches
Authors: Frogner Inger-Lise , Nipen Thomas , Singleton Andrew , Bremnes John Bjørnar , Vignes Ole 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Three ensemble prediction systems (EPSs) with different grid spacings are compared and evaluated with respect to their ability to predict wintertime weather in complex terrain. The experiment period was two-and-a-half winter months in 2014, coinciding with the Forecast and Research in the Olympic Sochi Testbed (FROST) project, which took place during the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia. The global, synoptic-scale ensemble system used is the IFS ENS from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and its performance is compared with both the operational pan-European Grand Limited Area Ensemble Prediction System (GLAMEPS) at 11-km horizontal resolution and the experimental regional convection-permitting HIRLAM–ALADIN Regional Mesoscale Operational NWP in Europe (HARMONIE) EPS (HarmonEPS) at 2.5 km. Both GLAMEPS and HarmonEPS are multimodel systems, and it is seen that a large part of the skill in these systems comes from the multimodel approach, as long as all subensembles are performing reasonably. The number of members has less impact on the overall skill measurement. The relative importance of resolution and calibration is also assessed. Statistical calibration was applied and evaluated. In contrast to what is seen for the raw ensembles, the number of members, as well as the number of subensembles, is important for the calibrated ensembles. HarmonEPS shows greater potential than GLAMEPS for predicting wintertime weather, and also has an advantage after calibration.
How the Experts Algorithm Can Help Solve LPs Online
Authors: Gupta Anupam , Molinaro Marco 
Published: September 2016

We consider the problem of solving packing/covering LPs online, when the columns of the constraint matrix are presented in random order. This problem has received much attention, and the main focus is to figure out how large the right-hand sides of the LPs have to be (compared to the entries on the left-hand side of the constraints) to allow (1 + ɛ)-approximations online. It is known that the right-hand sides have to be Ω(ɛ−2 log m) times the left-hand sides, where m is the number of constraints. In this paper, we give a primal-dual algorithm that achieves this bound for mixed packing/covering LPs. Our algorithms construct dual solutions using a regret-minimizing online learning algorithm in a black-box fashion, and use them to construct primal solutions. The adversarial guarantee that holds for the constructed duals helps us to take care of most of the correlations that arise in the algorithm; the remaining correlations are handled via martingale concentration and maximal inequalities. These ideas lead to conceptually simple and modular algorithms, which we hope will be useful in other contexts.
Quality Indexes for Oak Sawlogs Based on Green Lumber Grade Yields
Authors: McConnell T. Eric 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Quality Indexes for red oak (Quercus rubra) and white oak (Quercus alba) logs were established using multivariate regression models developed by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service that predicted green 4/4 lumber grade yields from hardwood sawlogs. Past Quality Indexes were based on air-dried lumber grade yields, but these yields can be affected by mill-specific factors. Considering green lumber as the finished product isolated the drying process and any subsequent changes in lumber product value from the analysis. Lumber grades were consistent with National Hardwood Lumber Association specifications, while log grades were based on the USDA Forest Service grading rules. Input data into the models included log scaling diameter, log length, and percent scaling defect. Green lumber grade yields were then used along with price relatives developed from 5-year lumber grade price averages (nominal) to develop Quality Indexes for each species. Two applications of the Quality Index are illustrated.
Bioconjugation of SERS nanotags and increasing the reproducibility of results
Authors: Salehi Mohammad , Hamann-Steinmeier Angela 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSurface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a vibrational spectroscopy technique, which is used in the areas of medical diagnostics. This technique use the advantages of biofunctionalized nanoparticles (NPs) for imaging and quantifying of target molecules such as proteins in assays, cells and tissues. The lack of reliability and reproducibility of the results are major challenges in the application of diagnostics based of SERS substrates. The biofunction and success of nanomedical tasks depends on the quality of each involved element like antibodies (IgGs) and nanostructures before, during and after preparation or conjunction with nanoparticles. This short review summarizes current designs of different SERS substrates and highlights the improvement of particularly simple and gentle conjugation methods for targeting research with SERS labels.
Fabrication and characterization of brominated matrimid® 5218 membranes for CO2/CH4 separation: application of response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Rahmani Mohammadreza , Kazemi Abbass , Talebnia Farid , Abbasszadeh Gamali Pouria 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In the present study, special effort was focused on increasing permeability of matrimid membranes. For this objective, a bromination reaction was carried out. The reaction of bromine with polymer was investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. A combination of pristine and brominated matrimid was used to prepare modified membranes due to the fact that brominated matrimid membranes were too delicate. Employing a gas separation membrane unit, the permeability of pristine and modified membranes for pure gases (CO2 and CH4) was studied. Modified membranes were much more permeable and less selective than pristine membranes. In fact, the increase in permeability of modified membranes can be attributed to the rise in the fractional free volume of modified membranes. Thermal properties of modified and unmodified membranes were also studied by thermal gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. As a result, thermal resistance of modified membranes decreased in a limited temperature range. Modified membranes indicated smaller values of tensile strength than pristine membranes which were assessed using tensile strength analysis. The parameters which can affect the pure gases permeation through membranes such as, bromine concentration in modified membranes and operating pressure were considered as variables and the experimental design was carried out.
Shora (Capparis petiolaris) fruit mediated green synthesis and application of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Vizuete Karla Sofía , Kumar Brajesh , Guzmán Katherine , Debut Alexis , Cumbal Luis 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This report describes a rapid, facile and an ecofriendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) using fruit extracts of Shora (Capparis petiolaris) and further as-synthesized AgNps were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The effects of various other parameters such as pH, concentration of fruit extract, time, and change of light sources are studied. Analytical characterizations revealed that the sunlight-induced AgNps appeared at λmax=423 nm, had a spherical shape and varied in the range of 10–30 nm. Furthermore, AgNps showed moderate antioxidant activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) (38.98%, 0.125 mm) and photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) (>58%, 240 min). The results indicated that as-synthesized AgNps could be used in future engineering and biomedical products.
Synthesis of spiro[pyrazole-4,8′-pyrazolo [3,4-f]quinolin]-5(1H)-ones by the reaction of aldehydes with 1H-indazol-6-amine and 1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
Authors: Dong Fang , Wang Xiang-Shan 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A four-component reaction including two equivalents of aldehyde, 1H-indazol-6-amine and 1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one proceeds smoothly to afford a series of spiro[pyrazole-4,8′-pyrazolo[3,4-f]quinolin]-5(1H)-ones in high yields under catalyst-free conditions.
Reactions of 3-arylmethylene-3H-furan(pyrrol)-2-ones with azomethine ylide: synthesis of substituted azaspirononenes
Authors: Kamneva Irina E. , Verevochkin Aleksandr A. , Zheleznova Mariya A. , Yegorova Alevtina Y. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The reaction of arylmethylene derivatives of 3H-furan-2-ones or 3H-pyrrol-2-ones with N-benzylidenebenzylamine activated with the AcOAg/Et3N system to form spiropyrrolidynes was carried out for the first time.
Assessing specific gravity of youngEucalyptusplantation trees using a resistance drilling technique
Authors: Oliveira José Tarcísio da Silva , Wang Xiping , Vidaurre Graziela Baptista 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe resistance drilling technique has been in focus for assessing the specific gravity (SG) of youngEucalyptustrees from plantations for pulpwood production. Namely, the data of 50 34-month-old and 50 62-month-old trees fromEucalyptus grandis×Eucalyptus urophyllaclonal plantations was evaluated, while the relative resistance profiles were collected with the amplitude in a scale from 0 to 100% of each tree at the breast height. For laboratory determination of SG and moisture content (MC), 3-cm-thick disks were taken at breast height. The average resistance amplitude of a full drill penetration or a half-diameter penetration showed weak correlations with SG for both 34-month-old and 62-month-old trees. However, when the two age classes were combined, the strength of the relationship was improved significantly, with a correlation coefficient ranging from 0.71 to 0.77 with respect to SG determined from strip samples and from 0.59 to 0.72 with respect to SG determined from wedge samples. The drill penetration depth had a significant effect on the relationship between average amplitude and SG. A clear trend of weakening correlation was observed with increasing drill penetration. As a result, the average resistance amplitude of a half-diameter drilling (from bark-to-pith) is more advantageous for assessing the SG of youngEucalyptustrees than a whole-diameter drilling.
Dydrogesterone and pre-term birth
Authors: Hudic Igor , Schindler Adolf E. , Szekeres-Bartho Julia , Stray-Pedersen Babill 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Progestin supplementation appears to be a promising approach to both preventing initiation of pre-term labor and treating it once it is already established. Successful pregnancy depends on maternal tolerance of the fetal “semi-allograft”. A protein called progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF), by inducing a Th2 dominant cytokine production mediates the immunological effects of progesterone. Over time, various attempts have been made to clarify the question, whether progestogens can contribute positively to either prevention or treatment of pre-term labor and birth. Dydrogesterone treatment of women at risk of pre-term delivery results in increased PIBF production and IL-10 concentrations, and lower concentrations of IFNγ and could be effective for prevention or treatment of pre-term labor. Further randomized studies are needed.
Stoichiometry determination of macromolecular membrane protein complexes
Authors: Zilkenat Susann , Grin Iwan , Wagner Samuel 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Gaining knowledge of the structural makeup of protein complexes is critical to advance our understanding of their formation and functions. This task is particularly challenging for transmembrane protein complexes, and grows ever more imposing with increasing size of these large macromolecular structures. The last 10 years have seen a steep increase in solved high-resolution membrane protein structures due to both new and improved methods in the field, but still most structures of large transmembrane complexes remain elusive. An important first step towards the structure elucidation of these difficult complexes is the determination of their stoichiometry, which we discuss in this review. Knowing the stoichiometry of complex components not only answers unresolved structural questions and is relevant for understanding the molecular mechanisms of macromolecular machines but also supports further attempts to obtain high-resolution structures by providing constraints for structure calculations.
Effects of Cu Distribution on Solidification Microstructure in Transition Layer of Cu/Al Composite Ingot Prepared by Casting Aluminum Method
Authors: Chen Shuying , Chang Guowei , Yue Xudong , Li Qingchun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this study, a Cu/Al composite ingot was prepared by casting aluminum method, and the effects of the Cu concentration distribution in the transition layer on the solidification microstructure were examined during the recombination process of solid Cu and liquid Al. The results show that the Cu content is about 60 % at the Cu/Al binding interface in the transition layer, while the Cu concentration first drops sharply and then decreases slowly in the direction away from the pure Cu. The concentration gradient of Cu reaches 1 %/μm close to the Cu/Al binding surface. The Cu distribution in the transition layer does not change the microstructure species, but changes the proportions of various microstructures. The smaller the Cu concentration gradient is, the less the proportion of the hypoeutectic microstructure in transition layer is.
Physical and social factors associated with early adolescent headache and stomachache pain
Authors: Fife Benjamin , Forste Renata 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
Approximately one third of adolescents in the United States report experiencing frequent headaches and stomachaches. We examined the association of psychosocial and physical factors with the report of weekly headaches or stomachaches using a representative sample of US teens.

Methods:
Data for this project are from the survey of Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC), 2005–2006, a nationally representative sample of students in grades 6–10 in the United States. The total sample includes 12,070 students aged 11–17. Using logistic regression we modeled chronic headache and stomachache separately with the same set of physical predictors (dieting and substance use habits) and psychosocial predictors (attitudes towards self-image, peers, and family) along with demographic controls.

Results:
Almost 20% of respondents experienced headaches weekly, and 12% experienced abdominal pain. Both physical and psychosocial factors were predictive of chronic symptoms. Increased substance usage and unhealthy eating practices were associated with the likelihood of experiencing both headaches and stomachaches. Negative self-image, family relationships, and school life were also predictive of symptom frequency.

Conclusion:
Headaches and stomachaches are associated with poor eating and substance use habits, as well as problems with self-image or social relationships among adolescents. For health care professionals, a holistic approach is needed to effectively address symptoms and prevent long-term health problems.
Disruption Management for Predictable New Job Arrivals in Cloud Manufacturing
Authors: Liu Mi , Yi Shuping , Wen Peihan , Song Haicao 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Manufacturing resources are shared and centrally managed on the cloud platform in cloud manufacturing, which is a new model of modern manufacturing. The production data are collected, which can be used to predict the manufacturing events. Based on those, disruption problems of scheduling should be researched from a new point of view. In this paper, new job arrivals were considered as the disruption event. The time of the occurrence of disruption was predictable in contrast to uncertainty. Alternative subcontractors chosen from the cloud platform were available for outsourcing with different processing prices and transporting distances. The objective of the original scheduling, the deviation between the new schedule and the old one, and the outsourcing cost were all considered. To express the problem, mathematical models and a three-field notation model were constructed. To solve the problem, a hybrid quantum-inspired chaotic group leader optimization algorithm was proposed, in which a hybrid encoding way was applied. To verify the algorithm, experiments were carried out. The results showed that the proposed algorithm performs well.
Very Flat Optical Frequency Comb Generation based on Polarization Modulator and Recirculation Frequency Shifter
Authors: Li Ruxing , Wu Shibao , Ye Shujian , Cui Yaling 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel scheme to generate a flat and stable optical frequency comb by using recirculation frequency shifter (RFS) loop and polarization-modulator based single-side-band modulator (PSSBM). An ultra-flat 5-carriers generated by a polarization modulator is set as the seed light source of the recirculating loop, and the recirculation times is greatly reduced compared with the regular scheme based on RFS. Through theoretical analysis and experiment simulations, it is shown that the optical frequency comb of high quality with 50 spectral lines and the flatness fluctuation of less than 1 dB can be achieved.
Impact of Various Parameters on the Performance of Inter-aircraft Optical Wireless Communication Link
Authors: Singh Mehtab 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOptical wireless communication (OWC) systems also known as Free space optics (FSO) are capable of providing high channel bandwidth, high data transmission rates, low power consumption, and high security. OWC links are being considered in different applications such as inter-satellite links, terrestrial links, and inter-aircraft communication links. This paper investigates the impact of different system parameters such as transmission power level, operating wavelength, transmitter pointing error angle, bit transmission rate, atmospheric attenuation, antenna aperture diameter, geometric losses, the responsivity of the photodetector, and link range on the performance of inter-aircraft optical wireless communication link.
Die Projektion des Schematismus in den vorkritischen Schriften Kants: Das Problem der mathematischen Konstruktion
Authors: Alba Rodríguez Alba Jiménez 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:This essay aims to provide a reconstruction of the antecedents to Kant’s doctrine of transcendental schematism in the pre-critical period. To this end, the work’s common thread is based on an analysis of the following issues: the delimitation of a jurisdiction of metaphysics, the transition from the concept of construction in the mathematical context to the constructive processes of the imagination, subsequently applied to all pure concepts, the difference between the