bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programmtheorie – Interventionen für Ethik in Pflegekammern
Authors: Kuhn Andrea 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung Zielgerichtete Interventionen erfordern eine Programmtheorie. Sie erleichtert die Planung, fördert die Implementierung und steigert die Nachhaltigkeit. Die Entwicklung einer passenden Programmtheorie erfolgt im besten Fall vor der Durchführung der Interventionen. Allerdings ist Theorieentwicklung ein selten verfolgtes Anliegen, auch in der deutschsprachigen Pflege. Programmtheorien unterstützen Interventionen als Steuerungsinstrument und als Messinstrument der Wirkung, sie bilden die Grundlage zur Konzeption. Gelingende Programmtheorien verfügen über drei interagierende Bausteine: die strategische Theory of Change, die operative Theory of Action und erklärende Logic Models. Diese präsentieren sowohl narrativ als auch grafisch, retrospektiv oder prospektiv ausgerichtet, die Ergebnisse. Auf Grundlage dieses Theoriekonzepts wird anhand spezifizierten Forschungsfragen die Programmtheorie der Interventionen für Ethik in Pflegekammern entwickelt.
Ethik im deutschen Gesundheitssystem – die Desiderate der Pflege
Authors: Kuhn Andrea 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung Der zweite Argumentationsstrang befasst sich mit vorhandenen Ansätzen zur Handhabung ethischer Komplexität im Gesundheitssystem, den in den letzten Jahrzehnten entwickelten Strukturen der Klinischen Ethikberatung. Ausgangspunkt waren kirchliche und ärztliche Initiativen, die Interventionen normierten Standards. Untersucht werden die Ziele, das inhärente Verständnis von Ethik in der Medizin sowie die Übertragbarkeit auf die Pflege. Die Etablierung von Ethikstrukturen verlief im Krankenhaus und in der Langzeitpflege sehr unterschiedlich. Neben quantitativen Ergebnissen zu vorhandenen Beratungsstrukturen wird qualitativ aufgezeigt, inwieweit die professionelle Pflege in implementierten Strukturen repräsentiert ist und wie der Umgang mit pflegeethischen Fragen eingeschätzt wird. Nach der Analyse der Normen und ihrer deduktive Umsetzung rückt ein Perspektivwechsel die induktive Sicht der Pflegefachpersonen auf die ethischen Belange der Pflege in den Mittelpunkt. Pflegewissenschaftliche Studienergebnisse zeigen, welche Strukturen zur Bearbeitung ethischer Problemlagen in Deutschland bereits existieren, wo Lücken aus Perspektive des Heilberufs Pflege bleiben und welche gesundheitlichen Belastungen daraus erwachsen. Zusammenfassende Logic Models erbringen den Potentialabgleich zur Frage, ob die bestehenden Angebote zur Lösung der vorgefundenen Problemlagen dienen. Das zweite prospektive Pipeline Logic Model zeigt entscheidende Komponenten, die die Programmtheorie des ethischen Mandats von Pflegekammern aufnehmen muss: die Sorge für die Sorgenden.
Fazit und Ausblick
Authors: Kuhn Andrea 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungUnternommen wurde die wissenschaftliche Entwicklung einer Programmtheorie des ethischen Mandates der Pflegekammer als der Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts, kurz: eine Programmtheorie für die Interventionen der Ethik in Pflegekammern. Zur Analyse der Situation des Heilberufs Pflege in Deutschland war der Überblick über die mannigfaltigen Belastungen im Pflegealltag nötig. Dies geschah ausdrücklich nicht, um in den „Chor des Jammerns“ einzufallen. Es hilft der Profession Pflege nicht, nur problematisierend die Finger in die vielen Wunden zu legen. Es braucht die konsequente, konstruktive Lösungsorientierung. Gezeigt wurde, dass aus dem unspezifisch formulierten Thema Ethik in Pflegekammern das ethische Mandat der Pflegekammern erwächst: Die Verantwortung für die Sicherung der pflegerischen Gesundheitsversorgung der Bevölkerung. Dazu steht nun eine Programmtheorie bereit.
Association between blood-based protein biomarkers and brain MRI in the Alzheimer’s disease continuum: a systematic review
Authors: Mitolo Micaela , Lombardi Gemma , Manca Riccardo , Nacmias Benedetta , Venneri Annalena 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBlood-based biomarkers (BBM) are becoming easily detectable tools to reveal pathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the association between BBM and brain MRI parameters is not available. This systematic review aimed to summarize the literature on the associations between the main BBM and MRI markers across the clinical AD continuum. A systematic literature search was carried out on PubMed and Web of Science and a total of 33 articles were included. Hippocampal volume was positively correlated with Aβ42 and Aβ42/Aβ40 and negatively with Aβ40 plasma levels. P-tau181 and p-tau217 concentrations were negatively correlated with temporal grey matter volume and cortical thickness. NfL levels were negatively correlated with white matter microstructural integrity, whereas GFAP levels were positively correlated with myo-inositol values in the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. These findings highlight consistent associations between various BBM and brain MRI markers even in the pre-clinical and prodromal stages of AD. This suggests a possible advantage in combining multiple AD-related markers to improve accuracy of early diagnosis, prognosis, progression monitoring and treatment response.
Efficient and accurate analysis of locally resonant acoustic metamaterial plates using computational homogenization
Authors: Lenders T. , Liu L. , Kouznetsova V. G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a computational homogenization framework for metamaterial plates consisting of locally resonant acoustic metamaterial (LRAM) unit cells. Based on the linearity assumption, the unit cell model is simplified through the superposition of long-wavelength (quasi-static) and local resonant eigenmode solutions. This method results in closed-form expressions describing the macroscale thin plate (shell) with enriched internal variable fields representing the amplitudes of the local resonant eigenmodes. The homogenized macroscopic shell model is implemented using isogeometric analysis, allowing for a straightforward handling of higher-order continuity requirements. Validation against fully-resolved direct numerical simulations (DNS) is conducted, showcasing the capability of the approach in computing the dispersion spectrum of an infinite LRAM plate, as well as performing frequency and time domain analyses of a finite LRAM plate. Results demonstrate that the homogenized enriched plate model accurately predicts wave attenuation within the frequency band-gaps, vibration modes, and wave propagation outside the band-gaps, achieving significantly reduced computational cost compared to DNS. The developed homogenization framework serves as a valuable computational tool for the analysis and design of LRAM panels of finite sizes and arbitrary shape under non-trivial excitations.
Minimally invasive versus mini-open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in managing low-grade degenerative spondylolisthesis
Authors: Ali Elsayed Mohamed Selim , Abdeen Mohamed , Saleh Mohammed Khalid 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Data background
Because the traditional open-TLIF approach has several drawbacks, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approaches for TLIF (MISTLIF) have been developed to speed up recovery after surgery and minimize pressure on the para-spinal muscles, necessitating a cost-utility analysis for comparison in healthcare reforms.

Objectives and aim of the work
This study aimed to compare the radiological and clinical parameters between mini-open TLIF and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) surgery in patients with single-level lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis.

Hypothesis
This study hypothesizes that both minimally invasive and mini-open methods using sublaminar trimming laminoplasty (SLTL) (while preserving midline structures) and interbody cages have comparable mid- and long-term clinical and radiological outcomes.

Methods
Retrospective analyses were performed on 120 patients who underwent single-level TLIF procedures with a minimum of two years of follow-up utilizing either the mini-open (n = 60) or MIS (n = 60) technique. Records of the operation's time frame, intraoperative fluoroscopy, blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, duration of bed rest, and complications were recorded. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for both groups were utilized to assess improvements in clinical scores, and t tests were employed to statistically compare the outcomes. For comparison, radiological parameters, including lumbar lordosis, pelvic incidence (PI), and localized lordosis at the index level, were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. To assess postoperative interbody fusion, the Bridwell grading system was used.

Results
In the Mini-open TLIF group, the average follow-up time was 24.91 ± 5.7 months, while in the MIS-TLIF group, the average follow-up time was 25.15 ± 4.2 months. In the MIS-TLIF group, the mean operation and radiological time were longer. However, compared to the Mini-open TLIF group, the MISTLIF group experienced less blood loss and a shorter hospital stay. The MIS-TLIF group outperformed the Open-TLIF group in terms of the VAS score for back pain and the ODI at less than 6 months following surgery, and the differences were statistically significant. However, at the final follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences in the VAS score for the back between the two groups, but the ODI score was significantly greater in the MIS-TLIF group. Both groups' lumbar lordosis and focal lordosis significantly improved at the index level, with the Mini-open-TLIF group showing more focal lordosis. The interbody fusion rate did not significantly differ between the two groups.

Conclusion
MIS-TLIF and mini-open-TLIF can be surgically effective in treating single-level degenerative lumbar spine spondylolisthesis.
Cartel Damages Claims, Passing-On, and Passing-Back
Authors: Garrod Luke , Han Tien-Der , Harvey James , Olczak Matthew 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFirms can mitigate the harm of an input cartel by passing on some of the higher cost to their customers by raising their own prices. Recent damages claims have highlighted that firms may also respond by reducing the prices that are paid to their suppliers of complementary inputs; the firm thereby passes back some harm upstream. To provide guidance for practitioners as to how such effects together affect the division of the harm, we derive the equilibrium ‘passing-on’ and ‘passing-back’ effects in a successive oligopolies model where one of two inputs is cartelised. We show that the passing-back effect is larger when there is greater market power in the complementary input sector. This reduces the passing-on effect. The complementary input suppliers can incur substantial harm, and the harm that is inflicted on the cartel’s direct and/or indirect purchasers can thereby be reduced.
Pluralism and the Design of Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Henschke Adam , Arora Chirag 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper advocates for an ethical analysis of autonomous vehicle systems (AVSs) based on a moral epistemic pluralism. This paper contends that approaching the design of intricate social technologies, such as AVSs, is most effective when acknowledging a diverse range of values. Additionally, a comprehensive ethical framework for autonomous vehicles should be applied across two interconnected layers. The first layer centers on the individual level, where each autonomous vehicle becomes a unit of moral consideration. The second layer focuses on the system level, directing moral attention toward the intricate autonomous vehicle system as a whole. Distinguishing the approach from metaphysical pluralism, the paper responds to counterarguments from a moral relativist and value monist perspectives. It concludes by emphasizing the necessity of embracing epistemic pluralism to navigate the complex ethical landscape of AVSs, urging a holistic understanding that transcends individual events and integrates system-level considerations.
Green synthesis of carbon nanomaterials from Chondrus crispus and Palmaria palmata algae biomass for ciprofloxacin and malachite green uptake from water
Authors: Nogueira João , Kovalevsky Andrei V. , Daniel-da-Silva Ana L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCarbon-based nanomaterials were prepared using a simple microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization method, with Chondrus crispus and Palmaria palmata algae as a sustainable feedstock. These materials were thoroughly characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, elemental microanalysis, and XPS analysis. The resulting hydrochars effectively removed ciprofloxacin (CIP), an antibiotic, and malachite green (MG), an organic dye, both of which are pollutants posing threats to ecosystems and public health. The hydrochar derived from Chondrus crispus (HC-Cho-MW) demonstrated superior performance, following a cooperative adsorption process well-described by the Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm. It exhibited maximum adsorption capacities of 350 mg.g−1 for CIP and 136 mg.g−1 for MG, at 25ºC and pH 6. These values surpass those of previously reported hydrochars and are competitive with certain activated carbons. The pseudo-second-order model provided the best fit for the kinetic data, with film diffusion predominant at specific intervals. The adsorption of CIP and MG was exothermic and entropically favorable for both hydrochars. The small ΔH values (-9.85 to -23.26 kJ.mol−1) suggest that physisorption predominantly governed the overall adsorption mechanism, although electrostatic interactions may also contribute. The hydrochars could be regenerated and reused to remove CIP and MG over three consecutive cycles. These results highlight the potential of using renewable and readily available algae biomass as a precursor for sorbents to remove pollutants from environmental water. This approach utilizes highly efficient microwave heating and avoids costly activation processes.
Implementation of homogeneous and heterogeneous tidal arrays in the Inner Sound of the Pentland Firth
Authors: Patel Misha D. , Smyth Amanda S. M. , Angeloudis Athanasios , Adcock Thomas A. A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe effective development of tidal stream energy sites requires an understanding of constraints limiting extraction of the resource. This study considers the implications of certain spatial constraints on the practical tidal stream energy resource. Specifically, we investigate how bathymetry influences array design and how much energy is obtained when heterogeneous arrays (comprising of turbine devices with varying specifications) are deployed at a site compared to homogeneous arrays. A novel framework for designing arrays of homogeneous and heterogeneous turbine specifications is set out and applied to the Inner Sound of the Pentland Firth as a case study. The array that delivers the most energy yield consists of 5 m diameter turbines with homogeneous diameter and control. However, this case achieves the lowest capacity factor due to the assignment of a homogeneous rated speed across the entire site, which does not account for the spatial variability of the resource. A 6% increase in capacity factor is achieved when turbines of heterogeneous control (rated speed = 1.5–2.5 m/s) are deployed across the site, producing a similar amount of power. The power per turbine can be increased if a heterogeneous diameter and control array design is adopted because 69% fewer turbines can be deployed with only a 5% decrease in average power. Heterogeneous array design maximises usage of a site, whilst allowing the maximum allowable diameter of turbine to be deployed in areas, and to exploit the spatial variation of the resource across a site by tailoring turbines to operate at appropriate rated speeds.
Single-Strain Inoculation of Bacillus subtilis and Rhizobium phaseoli Affects Nitrogen Acquisition of an Improved Mungbean Cultivar
Authors: Pataczek Lisa , Armas Juan Carlos Barroso , Petsch Theresa , Hilger Thomas , Ahmad Maqshoof , Schafleitner Roland , Zahir Zahir Ahmad , Cadisch Georg 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPlant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) increase plant root growth, potentially improving soil nitrogen (N) uptake, and productivity. Legumes, for instance mungbean, could also benefit from a rise in potential infection sites for nodulation, thereby increasing rates of biological N2 fixation (BNF). Consequently, the objectives of this study were (i) to assess whether PGPR had an effect on mungbean root biomass and if that was linked to N accumulation and productivity; (ii) to identify whether multi-strain inoculation showed greater efficacy in increasing N accumulation and overall productivity than single-strain inoculation; (iii) to test whether N acquisition was based on BNF rather than on soil N uptake. Field trials were conducted in two seasons at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad with mungbean cultivar NM11 and multi-strain inoculation consisting of Rhizobium phaseoli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The strains were tested additionally in the second season as single-strain inoculation. Multi-strain and inoculation with P. fluorescens alone had no effect on root biomass, total plant-N, BNF or soil N uptake. Inoculation with B. subtilis, however, resulted in significantly increased root dry matter (+ 211 kg ha− 1), total dry matter (+ 1.7 t ha− 1), and total plant-N (+ 36 kg ha− 1). Only inoculation with R. phaseoli enhanced BNF (+ 24%). Yield was not affected by any inoculation. The results suggested that total plant-N was based on soil N uptake rather than on BNF and demonstrated that only single strains affected total N accumulation, pointing to antagonistic mechanisms of the strains in a mixed inoculum.
Participatory communication in the provision of development services in the Ghanaian decentralised government system: evidence from the Central Region
Authors: Odoom Daniel , Dick-Sagoe Christopher , Opoku Ernest , Obeng-Baah Joseph 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper explores citizens’ views regarding the application of participatory communication in the delivery of development services within the decentralised government system of Ghana. The participatory theory informed the core issues of this study. Data were obtained from 309 inhabitants selected from three administrative areas in the Central Region using the quota sampling technique. Questionnaires and researcher-administered survey were used to gather data and analysed using means, standard deviations, Kruskal Wallis test, independent samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The study revealed that issues of empowerment were moderately applied in development services. Again, people-centred approaches to the delivery of development services were lowly considered. Overall, participatory communication principles have not received adequate attention during the delivery of development services. The situation was the same across the three-tier decentralised government system. Despite their educational differences, respondents expressed similar opinions on the application of participatory development principles. Participatory communication faced challenges like the absence of well-trained development communicators, inadequate resources, low motivation on the part of local representatives, a low sense of ownership, and an absence of clear institutional policies on communication. The paper outlines key practical implications of the findings, including the need for governments to set up the necessary institutional framework to aid the incorporation of participatory communication techniques into the development strategies of Assemblies.
The Global Burden of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparing Benefit–Cost Analysis and Social Welfare Analysis
Authors: Ferranna Maddalena 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the difference between benefit–cost analysis (BCA) and social welfare analysis in the evaluation of pandemic preparedness policies. Two social welfare approaches are considered: utilitarianism and prioritarianism. BCA sums the individuals’ monetary equivalents of the pandemic impacts. Social welfare analysis aggregates individuals’ well-being impacts. The aggregation rule identifies the normative judgments about what is fair. This article shows that the two methods yield very different estimates of the value of avoiding a future pandemic similar to the COVID-19 one. Compared to BCA, considerations about the distribution of the costs of the hypothetical intervention play a major role in the estimate of both utilitarian and prioritarian pandemic burdens: The more progressive the distribution of the costs is, the larger the net benefits of preventing the pandemic. In contrast, the BCA pandemic burden is indifferent to the distribution of the intervention costs. In addition, BCA tends to underestimate the burden suffered by low-income countries compared to social welfare analysis.
No Peeking: Peer Review and Presumptive Blinding
Authors: Ballantyne Nathan , Celniker Jared 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Blind review is ubiquitous in contemporary science, but there is no consensus among stakeholders and researchers about when or how much or why blind review should be done. In this essay, we explain why blinding enhances the impartiality and credibility of science while also defending a norm according to which blind review is a baseline presumption in scientific peer review.
Dynamics of the Summer Counter‐Wind Current Along South Sri Lanka Coast 1: The Dominant Role of Intra‐Seasonal Variability
Authors: Xin Hongyu , Wang Weiqiang , Xie Qiang , Han Weiqing , Huang Ke , Xu Kang , Arulananthan K. , Tennakoon Kamal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe spatiotemporal characteristics of the south Sri Lanka coastal current (SSLCC) during summer are examined in this study. Climatologically, the SSLCC flows eastward as a part of the southwest monsoon current during summer. However, westward SSLCC occurred lasting more than 20 days in the summer of 2013, 2016, 2017, and 2018 based on reanalysis data, implying significant interannual variability of the SSLCC. The analysis on the summer extreme westward SSLCC indicates that the intra‐seasonal wind associated with atmospheric boreal summer intra‐seasonal oscillation (BSISO) is the main factor leading to the westward SSLCC. Firstly, the northward propagation of the BSISO induces the westerly wind anomaly and positive wind stress curl anomaly along the south and east coast of Sri Lanka, which induces the westward SSLCC. Secondly, driven by equatorial Indian Ocean intra‐seasonal wind, the low sea level anomaly associated with upwelling Rossby wave reflected from the west coast of Sumatra Island propagates westward. This propagation significantly influences the cyclonic circulation off the south coast of Sri Lanka, thus facilitating the occurrence of the westward SSLCC.