bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk communication for religious crowds: preferences of Hajj pilgrims
Authors: Taibah Hassan , Arlikatti Sudha , Andrew Simon 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe empirical research intended to gauge the channels of risk information and their perceived effectiveness expressed by Hajj pilgrims in 2013 to better inform risk-reduction strategies at crowded religious events.Design/methodology/approachTo do so, a research team partially funded by the Transportation and Crowd Management Center of Research Excellence from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia conducted face-to-face interviews with 348 Hajj pilgrims in 2013. The semi-structured survey instrument used the Protective Action Decision Model framework to gather information on six pre-decisional variables that influence threat perceptions, stakeholder perceptions and decisions to take protective actions against impending threats.FindingsResults of the multinomial logit regression using the traditional media (i.e. television and radio) as the reference category found support for ease of access, language of choice, gender and age differentials, as factors positively or negatively influencing respondents’ selections of their top three most preferred channels for risk communication materials. Printed materials (i.e. pamphlets and billboards) ranked first followed by smart technologies and outreach activities.Research limitations/implicationsThe convenience sampling strategy adopted with only four female interviewers compared to 17 male interviewers, limited the number of female respondents to only 47 (13.7 percent) due to cultural restrictions. Interviews were conducted only in English and Arabic, leaving out the preferences of other language speakers.Originality/valueDespite these limitations, this study makes a valuable contribution to theory and practice by highlighting the social and cognitive variables influencing risk communication at Hajj. No studies to date have examined choices and preferences of heterogeneous Hajj pilgrims.
The impact of values, bias, culture and leadership on BME under-representation in the police service
Authors: Afful Irene 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to critically examine whether the individual values and bias of police officers could be frustrating attempts to achieve black and ethnic minority (BME) representation within the police service, especially at senior levels. It focusses on the micro-individual level, examining perceptions, values and attitudes towards equality and diversity, unconscious bias and the impact of leadership in addressing these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper reviews the literature on values, police culture and leadership. It draws upon data produced from a very small study undertaken within a local police service specialist unit where the author was employed, by means of semi-structured interviews with a selection of staff and senior officers, and values and attitudes surveys. Data were examined from a national survey of BME officers and Human Resources Leads, conducted by the College of Policing’s BME Progression 2018 Programme. Finally, unconscious bias test data of samples of police officers, including senior leaders and HR professionals were examined.

Findings
The interview data show that equality and diversity are perceived to be largely embedded by organisational members. This is contradicted by the data from the values and attitudes survey which show that equality is not fully embedded in the culture, and the data from BME officers survey supports this. Leader role models and behaviours were found to play a crucial role in embedding these values, along with training. The findings also demonstrated a higher level of unconscious bias among senior officers and HR professionals, responsible for recruitment and selection, than police employees in general.

Research limitations/implications
This exploratory research is concerned with policing in England and Wales. The very small sample limits inferences possible in the findings but is highly relevant to current and future policing.

Practical implications
The paper highlights some potential barriers to achieving a representative police service at an individual rather than organisational level and makes a number of recommendations on the role of leaders now, and crucially in the future, to fully embed equality and diversity into police culture to address under-representation, a phenomenon which has plagued the police service throughout its entire history.

Originality/value
There appears to be a dearth of studies examining the issue of under-representation at the micro-individual level within British police organisations. The current, exploratory research study seeks to contribute to closing this gap.
Real-time control of triglide robot using sliding mode control method
Authors: Aydin Muhammet , Yakut Oguz 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of the study is to design a three-dimensional (3D) triglide parallel robot with a different approach and to control the manufactured robot via sliding mode control method that has not been applied to the robot before.

Design/methodology/approach
The x, y and z coordinates of the end effector of the robot have been given as a reference. The x, y and z reference values are transformed as new reference values of the vertical movement of the robot on the endless screw by using the inverse kinematic equations of the robot. The control of the robot over these reference values is provided by a sliding mode control. The MATLAB/real-time toolbox has been used for creating the interface. The real-time control of the triglide robot has been carried out with a sliding mode controller in the Simulink environment.

Findings
When the results of the sliding mode control are examined, it is seen that the desired reference values are provided in about 0.6 s. The velocity of the sliding limbs in each arm of the robot is approximately 50 mm/s. The reference values have been reached using the sliding mode control method, with an average error of 0.01 mm. In addition, the problem of chattering in the system caused by using the sign function has been relatively eliminated by using the saturation function instead of the sign function. Thus, the sliding mode control method with saturation function is more feasible.

Originality/value
In this study, the triglide parallel robot was manufactured using a 3D model after taking into consideration the dimensions of the 3D model. After production, the necessary hardware connections were provided, and a real-time sliding mode control method was implemented to the robot by using the interface program in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The literature contribution of the paper is the real-time control of the triglide robot with the sliding mode control method.
Analysis, optimization and prototyping of a parallel RCM mechanism of a surgical robot for craniotomy surgery
Authors: Dehghani Mohammadreza , Mohammadi Moghadam Majid , Torabi Pourya 
Published: December 2017

PurposeRemoving the bone flap is a compulsory step in open skull surgeries and is very cumbersome and time-consuming. Exerting large forces during the milling and cutting of the skull renders the surgeon exhausted and consequently increases probable errors in further task of manipulating the sensitive brain tissue. This paper aims to present the development of a robotic system capable of perforating and cutting the required bone flap without restraining the surgeon.Design/methodology/approachFor the purpose of optimization, the target workspace is estimated by 3D modeling of the sample skull and bone flaps of targeted surgeries. The optimization considers kinematic performance matrices and the extracted workspace requirements by assigning scores to each possible design and finally selects the design with highest score.FindingsThe design utilizes a parallel remote center of motion mechanism. Coordinating the remote center of motion (RCM) of the mechanism with the center of a sphere which circumscribes the skull, the milling tool is always nearly perpendicular to the skull bone. The paper presents the concept design, optimization criteria and finally the optimal design of the robot and the fabricated prototype. Tests indicate that the prototype is able to sweep the target workspace and to exert the required forces for bone milling.Originality valueThe workspace requirements of the craniotomy/craniectomy surgeries are investigated and converted into one quantitative target workspace. An optimized design for a surgical robot is developed which satisfies the workspace requirements of the targeted surgeries.
Principals and teachers “craft coherence” among accountability policies
Authors: Stosich Elizabeth Leisy 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how US school leaders and teachers make sense of multiple accountability policies, including the Common Core State Standards and teacher evaluation, and how this process relates to school priorities and classroom practice.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a comparative case study approach to understand how principals and teachers in three high-poverty urban schools respond to policy.FindingsAlthough principals and teachers viewed academic standards and the teacher evaluation framework as complementary, two of the three schools focused on meeting the expectations of the teacher evaluation framework at the expense of attention to academic standards. Without attention to the connections among policies and school priorities, the introduction of new policies may detract from rather than reinforce attention to academic standards.Research limitations/implicationsPrincipals who are stronger instructional leaders may be better able to “craft coherence” among multiple standards-based policies and school priorities for instruction and student learning. Although their experiences are not generalizable, findings suggest that attending to standards for student and teacher performance without connecting to the implications for content and students’ learning may lead to superficial integration of accountability policies with school priorities.Practical implicationsFindings provide further evidence that principals play an essential role in responding to policy and suggest that districts and external support providers can assist their efforts by creating opportunities for professional learning about the connections among multiple policies and their implications for practice.Originality/valueThis paper extends Honig and Hatch’s conceptualization of “crafting coherence” to the work of teachers and the implications for classroom practice.
Repositioning the high street: evidence and reflection from the UK
Authors: Millington Steve , Ntounis Nikos 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
Drawing on evidence from ten towns (across England, Wales and Northern Ireland) participating in the High Street UK 2020 (HSUK2020) project, the purpose of this paper is to reveal how local stakeholders involved in place management respond to high street decline through a strategy of repositioning.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper identifies the challenges faced by the towns considering repositioning, and highlights examples of good practice of relevance to the practitioners. First, it outlines the perspectives on repositioning from the academic research and theory, before drawing on evidence from across ten UK towns that participated in the HSUK2020 project, to reveal how repositioning involves more than just taking a snapshot profile of a place.

Findings
The research revealed major challenges faced by local stakeholders in clearly identifying and communicating their market position, in particular, the maintenance of up-to-date information on catchments was lacking at all the locations. Despite having local knowledge and some data, stakeholders still did not possess a clear (or shared) understanding of the identity or function of their towns. This evidence reflects the complexity of analysing and understanding repositioning and developing coherent strategies.

Practical implications
Knowledge exchange between stakeholders involved in place management can help inform the identification of new strategic objectives, appropriate interventions and project planning and delivery. Where resources are limited, particularly in smaller towns and settlements, the research demonstrates the significance of collecting and sharing data and analysis with other stakeholders, because this can generate positive outcomes for all.

Originality value
By offering empirical evidence based on the experience of local practitioners, this paper provides valuable insight into how town centre stakeholders collect, interpret and analyse data, revealing the challenges, opportunities and practicalities involved in developing and implementing repositioning strategies.
Nurses’ leadership self-efficacy, motivation, and career aspirations
Authors: Cziraki Karen , Read Emily , Spence Laschinger Heather K. , Wong Carol 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to test a model examining precursors and outcomes of nurses’ leadership self-efficacy, and their aspirations to management positions.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional survey of 727 registered nurses across Canada was conducted. Structural equation modelling using Mplus was used to analyse the data.FindingsResults supported the hypothesized model:χ2(312) = 949.393; CFI = 0.927; TLI = 0.919; RMSEA = 0.053 (0.049-0.057); SRMR 0.044. Skill development opportunities (ß= 0.20), temporary management roles (ß= 0.12) and informal mentoring (ß= 0.11) were significantly related to nurses’ leadership self-efficacy, which significantly influenced motivation to lead (ß= 0.77) and leadership career aspirations (ß= 0.23). Motivation to lead was significantly related to leadership career aspirations (ß= 0.50).Practical implicationsNurses’ leadership self-efficacy is an important determinant of their motivation and intention to pursue a leadership career. Results suggest that nurses’ leadership self-efficacy can be influenced by providing opportunities for leadership mastery experiences and mentorship support. Leadership succession planning should include strategies to enhance nurses’ leadership self-efficacy and increase front-line nurses’ interest in leadership roles.Originality valueWith an aging nurse leader workforce, it is important to understand factors influencing nurses’ leadership aspirations to develop and sustain nursing leadership capacity. This research study makes an important contribution to the nursing literature by showing that nurses’ leadership self-efficacy appears to be an important determinant of their motivation to lead and desire to pursue a career as a nurse leader.
Diagnostics of ventricular tachycardia signals soft computing approach
Authors: Petrovic Dejan 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to analyze the ventricular tachycardia by soft computing. Ventricular tachycardia is a type of regular and fast heart rate which arises from improper electrical activity in the ventricles of the heart.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, a soft computing approach was applied for the ventricular tachycardia detection. The soft computing was used to detect which factors are the most important for the ventricular tachycardia.

Findings
Three factors were used: brain natriuretic peptide, troponin I which is a part of the troponin complex and C-reactive protein which is an annular (ring-shaped), pentameric protein found in blood plasma.

Originality/value
It was found that troponin I has the most influence on the ventricular tachycardia prediction.
Behavioural assessment unit improves outcomes for patients with complex psychosocial needs
Authors: Braitberg George , Gerdtz Marie , Harding Susan , Pincus Steven , Thompson Michelle , Knott Jonathan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to assess the impact of a new model of care for patients presenting to the ED with acute behavioural disturbance.MethodsThis pre‐/post‐intervention study involved creating a dedicated, highly resourced six bed unit, the behavioural assessment unit (BAU). Co‐located with the ED at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, the unit was designed to fast‐track the admission of patients affected by intoxication, mental illness or psychosocial crisis and provide front‐loaded interventions.ResultsIn 12 months from 1 April 2016, 2379 patients were admitted to the BAU. They were compared with a similar cohort of 3047 patients from the entire 2015 ED population. The BAU resulted in a decreased wait to be seen (40 min [interquartile range (IQR): 17–86] vs 68 min [IQR: 24–130], P < 0.001), a decreased wait for a mental health review (117 min [IQR: 49–224] vs 139 min [IQR: 57–262], P = 0.001) and a decreased ED length of stay (180 min [IQR: 101–237] vs 328 min [IQR: 227–534], P < 0.001). Patients admitted to the BAU were less likely to have a security code (349 (14.7%) vs 538 (17.7%), P = 0.003) and less likely to have mechanical restraint (156 episodes (6.6%) vs 275 (9.0%), P < 0.001) or therapeutic sedation (156 episodes (6.6%) vs 250 (8.2%), P < 0.001).ConclusionA unit specifically designed to improve the care of patients requiring prolonged ED care due to mental illness and/or intoxication reduces the time spent in the ED and the use of some restrictive interventions. We recommend this model of care to EDs that care for this complex and challenging group of patients.
Impact of a Shared Decision Making Intervention on Health Care Utilization: A Secondary Analysis of the Chest Pain Choice Multicenter Randomized Trial
Authors: Schaffer Jason T. , Hess Erik P. , Hollander Judd E. , Kline Jeffrey A. , Torres Carlos A. , Diercks Deborah B. , Jones Russell , Owen Kelly P. , Meisel Zachary F. , Demers Michel , Leblanc Annie , Inselman Jonathan , Herrin Jeph , Montori Victor M. , Shah Nilay D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatients at low risk for acute coronary syndrome are frequently admitted for observation and cardiac testing, resulting in substantial burden and cost to the patient and the health care system.ObjectivesThe purpose of this investigation was to measure the effect of the Chest Pain Choice (CPC) decision aid on overall health care utilization as well as utilization of specific services both during the index emergency department (ED) visit and in the subsequent 45 days.MethodsThis was a planned secondary analysis of data from a pragmatic multicenter randomized trial of shared decision making in adults presenting to the ED with chest pain who were being considered for observation unit admission for cardiac stress testing or coronary computed tomography angiography. The trial compared an intervention group engaged in shared decision making facilitated by the CPC decision aid to a control group receiving usual care. Hospital‐level billing data were used to measure utilization for the index ED visit and during the following 45 days. Patients in both groups also were asked to keep a diary recording health care utilization over the same 45‐day period. Outcomes assessed included length of time in the ED and observation, ED visits, office visits, hospitalizations, testing, imaging, and procedures.ResultsOf the 898 patients included in the original trial, we were able to contact 834 (92.9%) patients for 45‐day health care diary review. There was no difference in patient‐reported health care utilization between the study arms. Hospital‐level billing data were obtained for all 898 (100%) patients. During the initial ED visit the length of stay (LOS) was similar, and there was no difference in the frequency of observation unit admission between study arms. However, the mean observation unit LOS was 95 minutes (95% confidence interval [CI] = 40.8–149.8) shorter in the CPC arm and the mean number of tests was lower in the CPC arm (decrease in 19.4 imaging studies per 100 patients, 95% CI = 15.5–23.3). When evaluating the entire encounter and follow‐up period, the intervention arm underwent fewer tests (decrease in 125.6 tests per 100 patients, 95% CI = 29.3–221.6). More specifically, there were fewer advanced cardiac imaging tests completed (25.8 fewer per 100 patients, 95% CI = 3.74–47.9) in the intervention arm.ConclusionsShared decision making in low‐risk chest pain can lead to decreased diagnostic testing without worsening outcomes measured over 45 days.
Sacral neuromodulation for pelvic pain and pelvic organ dysfunction: A case series
Authors: Vancaillie Thierry , Kite Lauren , Howard Elizabeth , Chow Jason 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundThe use of neuromodulation is growing and it is an established therapy for conditions such as bladder dysfunction. It is an increasingly used therapy for the management of chronic perineal pain but little research is currently available looking at its efficacy.AimWe present a series of 52 patients who underwent placement of a neuromodulator, the majority of whom suffered from perineal pain, with most placements via the sacral hiatus.MethodPatients were asked to complete a survey recalling their symptoms prior to implantation and describing their symptoms and experience after. The majority had two leads placed via the sacral hiatus.ResultsFifty‐two patients had implantation of a permanent neuromodulator and 44 completed at least part of the survey. Forty‐eight had leads placed via the sacral hiatus, 29 of whom had these leads only. Forty patients had perineal pain as an indicator and 32 reported that their pain improved; this difference was statistically significant (95% CI: 2.60–4.27, P < 0.001). Bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction were reported by about half the cohort with smaller numbers of improvement for each. Thirty‐five patients reported improved quality of life and 32 said they would have the procedure done again. Ten patients had the device removed.ConclusionWe present the largest published case series looking at the use of sacral neuromodulation as a treatment option for pelvic pain and the overall results of our audit are promising for the ongoing use and further development of this modality as a management option.
The Conflict between U.S. Patent Protection and Technological Innovation: Analysis and Problem Solving by Means of the Integrated Causal Model for Innovated Ethic
Authors: Chumney Wade M. , Wasieleski David M. , Schumacher E. Günter 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCriticisms of patent laws for technological innovations in the United States reveal a multifaceted milieu of problems centered around the protection of short‐term economic gain and individual property rights. In this article, we consider this a conflict between current patent laws and the innovation capabilities of organizations. We propose a solution that enables the company to assure its long‐term survival in the face of these restrictions. This presumes that the firm will at least maintain its innovation capacities while preserving the company's ethical values and those of its social environment. We offer a theoretical model that is designed to help managers and policymakers reorient their governance strategies for managing the innovation process, using the “ethics of responsibility,” which establishes the link to individual moral values at the beginning of a governance process as well as the consequences of a decision. Our integrated causal model of ethical innovation for patents is presented and implications for global organizations and possible solutions for patent law process failure are offered.