bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oscillations during observations: Dynamic oscillatory networks serving visuospatial attention
Authors: Wiesman Alex I. , Heinrichs‐Graham Elizabeth , Proskovec Amy L. , McDermott Timothy J. , Wilson Tony W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe dynamic allocation of neural resources to discrete features within a visual scene enables us to react quickly and accurately to salient environmental circumstances. A network of bilateral cortical regions is known to subserve such visuospatial attention functions; however the oscillatory and functional connectivity dynamics of information coding within this network are not fully understood. Particularly, the coding of information within prototypical attention‐network hubs and the subsecond functional connections formed between these hubs have not been adequately characterized. Herein, we use the precise temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to define spectrally specific functional nodes and connections that underlie the deployment of attention in visual space. Twenty‐three healthy young adults completed a visuospatial discrimination task designed to elicit multispectral activity in visual cortex during MEG, and the resulting data were preprocessed and reconstructed in the time–frequency domain. Oscillatory responses were projected to the cortical surface using a beamformer, and time series were extracted from peak voxels to examine their temporal evolution. Dynamic functional connectivity was then computed between nodes within each frequency band of interest. We find that visual attention network nodes are defined functionally by oscillatory frequency, that the allocation of attention to the visual space dynamically modulates functional connectivity between these regions on a millisecond timescale, and that these modulations significantly correlate with performance on a spatial discrimination task. We conclude that functional hubs underlying visuospatial attention are segregated not only anatomically but also by oscillatory frequency, and importantly that these oscillatory signatures promote dynamic communication between these hubs. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5128–5140, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Technological bias at the exchange rate market
Authors: Galeshchuk Svitlana 
Published: July 2017

SummaryPrediction of exchange rates has been a topic for debate in economic literature since the late 1980s. The recent development of machine learning techniques has spurred a plethora of studies that further improves the prediction models for currency markets. This high‐tech progress may create challenges for market efficiency along with information asymmetry and irrationality of decision‐making. This technological bias emerges from the fact that recent innovative approaches have been used to solve trading tasks and to find the best trading strategies. This paper demonstrates that traders can leverage technological bias for financial market forecasting. Those traders who adapt faster to the changes in market innovations will get excess returns. To support this hypothesis we compare the performance of deep learning methods, shallow neural networks with baseline prediction methods and a random walk model using daily closing rate between three currency pairs: Euro and US Dollar (EUR/USD), British Pound and US Dollar (GBP/USD), and US Dollar and Japanese Yen (USD/JPY). The results demonstrate that deep learning achieves higher accuracy than alternate methods. The shallow neural network outperforms the random walk model, but cannot surpass ARIMA accuracy significantly. The paper discusses possible outcomes of the technological shift for financial market development and accounting conforming also to adaptive market hypothesis.
Adsorptive filtration of low‐concentration lead with wet‐laid filter media made from nano‐TiO2 decorated cellulose fibers
Authors: Zhang Jinju , Li Lei , Li Yanxiang , Yang Chuanfang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundTiO2‐cellulose composite fibers are a new type of bio‐sorbent combining natural polymers and nanoparticles. However, their batch adsorption capacity is limited. Here mesoporous TiO2‐cellulose composite fibers were synthesized and a filter medium was subsequently made from them to remove lead continuously by dynamic adsorption.ResultsTiO2‐cellulose composite fibers with rough hierarchical surface structure were fabricated by in situ growing mesoporous TiO2 on cellulose fibers via microwave‐facilitated hydrolysis. The composite fibers were then wet‐laid into a filter medium to remove low‐concentration Pb2+ in water through adsorptive filtration. The breakthrough curves were found to be better predicted by the dose–response model originally established for a fixed column bed. With a volume of merely 2.07 cm3, the medium can treat 150.0 L of water containing 50 ppb lead to the drinking water standard. The filter performance was improved by incorporation of small non‐functional glass fibers to minimize the pore size and its distribution. The medium was also Pb2+ selective over co‐existing cations, and could be easily regenerated and reused without reduction in performance.ConclusionThe filter medium fabricated by nano‐TiO2 decorated cellulose fibers showed enhanced adsorption capacity for lead through adsorptive filtration. Such filter beds have high potential for toxic micro‐pollutant removal from drinking water. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with independent components analysis to monitor molecular changes during heating and cooling of Cantal‐type cheeses with different NaCl and KCl contents
Authors: Loudiyi Mohammed , Karoui Romdhane , Rutledge Douglas N , Montel Marie‐Christine , Rifa Etienne , Aït‐Kaddour Abderrahmane 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDReduction of NaCl content of cheeses has received considerable attention by research during the past decades because of its health effects. Nonetheless, NaCl reduction is a challenge since it plays an important role in cheese quality, such as structure, texture and functional properties. Several methods were used to evaluate the effect of NaCl on these attributes. In this study, Cantal‐type cheeses with different salts (NaCl and KCl) were analyzed for their structure at a molecular level and rheological properties during heating (20–60 °C) and cooling (60–20 °C). The structure was investigated by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) and the rheological properties by small‐amplitude oscillatory test.RESULTSIndependent components analysis (ICA) gave three independent components that were attributed to coenzyme/Maillard reaction products (IC1), tryptophan (IC2) and vitamin A (IC3). Signal proportions of each IC depicted information regarding the changes in those fluorophores with salts, heating and cooling. In addition, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) of the IC proportions and rheological measurements related modifications at a molecular level evaluated by fluorescence to cheese texture (0.34 < R2 < 0.99).CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that SFS can monitor and characterize modification of Cantal‐type cheeses at a molecular level, based on the analysis of the fluorescence spectra by ICA. The nature of correlation between signal proportions and the rheological parameters depicted that rheological attributes of cheeses observed at the macroscopic level can be derived from fluorescence spectra. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles with a polymer containing β‐cyclodextrin for the extraction of sertraline hydrochloride in biological samples
Authors: Shamekhi Rahele , Ahmad Panahi Homayon , Alaei Haniyeh Sadat , Moniri Elham 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, a novel magnetic nanoadsorbent was synthesized by grafting β‐cyclodextrin onto the modified surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for the sorption and extraction of sertraline hydrochloride from human biological fluids. The extracted sertraline hydrochloride was measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The grafted nanosorbent was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and elemental analysis. The kinetic sorption of sertraline hydrochloride by magnetic nanosorbent was 1 h. The best temperature for sorption of sertraline hydrochloride was at 25°C at an optimum pH of 5. The adsorbed sertraline hydrochloride can be desorbed by using methanol solution containing acetic acid (5%) and trifluoroacetic acid (1%).
Polymeric monolith column composited with multiwalled carbon nanotubes‐β‐cyclodextrin for the selective extraction of psoralen and isopsoralen
Authors: Ling Xu , Zou Li , Chen Zilin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA polymeric column that contains multiwalled carbon nanotubes‐β‐cyclodextrin composite was developed. The composite was wrapped into the poly(butyl methacrylate‐ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith column (0.76 mm id and 10 cm in length). The column was then applied for the online solid‐phase microextraction of psoralen and isopsoralen from Fructus Psoraleae. Following microextraction, the coumarins were quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography with C18 separation column and UV detection. The effects of sample flow rate, sample volume, and pH value were optimized. The method showed low limits of detection (20 pg/mL, S/N = 3) for both psoralen and isopsoralen. Finally the method was successfully applied to the determination of psoralen and isopsoralen in spiked herb extracts and rat plasma where it gave recoveries that ranged between 93.2 and 102.1%. The empty hydrophobic cavities of β‐cyclodextrin and the hydrophobicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes provided specific extraction capability for psoralen and isopsoralen.
The effect of film industry on tourism: Game of Thrones and Dubrovnik
Authors: Tkalec Marina , Zilic Ivan , Recher Vedran 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNowadays, there is competition in attracting film producers to screen their productions in specific locations, but at the same time, there is also a lack of data‐driven academic research that measures the effects of film industry on local tourism. This study evaluates the effects of film industry on tourism outcomes in Dubrovnik, Croatia. Using the synthetic control approach, we estimate the causal effect of a highly broadcasted TV series, Game of Thrones, on tourist arrivals. The use of such a data‐driven procedure is an important step towards identification‐based empirical work in tourism research as it enables us to build a credible synthetic counterfactual and to answer the “what if” type of questions. We find a robust and positive effect of filming the TV series in Dubrovnik on the number of tourist arrivals. Additionally, we show that there are positive spillover effects on other counties and the whole country. Placebo tests show that the estimated effects are relatively large when compared to other counties implying our results are not driven simply by chance.
Effects of industrial and investigator disturbance on Arctic‐nesting geese
Authors: Meixell Brandt W. , Flint Paul L. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTOil and gas development on the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of Alaska, USA may have effects on Arctic‐nesting birds. To estimate effects of industrial activity and investigator disturbance on avian productivity, we monitored nests of greater white‐fronted geese (Anser albifrons) with digital cameras and periodic nest visits during 2013–2014 at 2 sites on the ACP. A disturbed site was adjacent to human‐made infrastructure and industrial clean‐up activities initiated at the onset of the study and a control site was >2 km from sources of industrial disturbance. We assessed variation in estimates of incubation constancy, nest survival, and predator behavior relative to site, year, and distance from industrial activity using nest photographs obtained at 1‐minute intervals. We compared analysis of hourly nest survival informed by intensive monitoring with cameras to analysis of daily nest survival informed by traditional nest visit data obtained at intervals of 5–7 days to assess how method and time scale of sampling affect ecological inference. Geese in both sites exhibited high levels of nest attendance and initiated incubation breaks less than once per day. Observer‐caused incubation breaks associated with nest visits ( = 37.8 min) were longer than other types of incubation breaks ( = 8.7 min), demonstrating a differential response by nesting geese to direct human encroachment versus indirect vehicular and aircraft traffic. During both years, geese were absent from nests more frequently in the disturbed ( = 0.9 breaks/day) than control ( = 0.6 breaks/day) site, and this break frequency was slightly higher for nests closer to industrial activity. In the year with high rates of depredation, nest survival was positively related to distance from industrial activity and abandoned infrastructure, consistent with predictions of industry‐caused effects. This relationship, however, was not evident in the year with reduced predation pressure, likely because of annual variation in arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) behavior. Analysis of nest survival probability informed by camera data allowed for detection of detailed patterns of variation that were not supported when using only visit data for the same nests. Observer visits were responsible for reductions of 7–35% in nest survival probability, highlighting the importance of minimizing, and controlling for, observer effects in studies of avian productivity. Indirect vehicular and aircraft disturbance posed less risk to nest survival than direct encroachment by observers at nest sites. Therefore, effects of industrial activities on avian productivity in the Arctic can be minimized through practices that limit direct encounters with nests. Published 2017. This article is a U.S.Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Full‐night measurement of level of obstruction in sleep apnea utilizing continuous manometry
Authors: Jung Hahn Jin , Wee Jee Hye , Rhee Chae‐Seo , Kim Jeong‐Whun 
Published: July 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the average proportion of retropalatal or retroglossal obstruction occurring during a whole night in single patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Study DesignRetrospective analysis.MethodsPatients who underwent full‐night polysomnography and upper airway pressure manometry at the same time were retrospectively enrolled. Airway obstruction levels were categorized into retropalatal or retroglossal obstruction according to the pressure change shown during pressure manometry. The proportion of retropalatal/retroglossal obstruction was calculated for each patient. Independent factors associated with the proportion were assessed.ResultsA total of 218 patients (198 men) with obstructive sleep apnea were included in the study (mean age, 46.8 ± 1.6 years; body mass index, 26.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2). The average proportion of retroglossal and retropalatal obstruction in individuals was 36.2% and 63.8%, respectively. The apnea‐hypopnea index was not significantly correlated with the proportion of retroglossal obstruction (P = .219) after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index. Meanwhile, the proportion of retroglossal obstruction was significantly correlated with oxygen desaturation index (P = .036), average oxygen saturation (P = .006), lowest oxygen saturation (P = .028), and time below 90% oxygen saturation (P = .021).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study showing the average proportions of retropalatal/retroglossal obstruction occurring in single individuals with obstructive sleep apnea during a whole night. The proportion of upper airway obstruction site was significantly associated with oxygen desaturation.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:2897–2902, 2017
Safety and efficacy of functional laryngectomy for end‐stage dysphagia
Authors: Topf Michael C. , Magaña Linda C. , Salmon Kelly , Hamilton James , Keane William M. , Luginbuhl Adam , Curry Joseph M. , Cognetti David M. , Boon Maurits , Spiegel Joseph R. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate functional outcomes and complication rate after total laryngectomy (TL) for dysfunctional larynx with end‐stage dysphagia.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsChart review was performed on all patients who underwent TL from January 2008 to July 2016 at a single tertiary academic medical center. Patients who underwent TL for dysfunctional larynx without preoperative evidence of malignancy were included. Main outcome measures were post‐TL functional swallowing and speech outcomes, and complication rate.ResultsThe study included 19 patients from a cohort of 278 consecutive patients. All patients were previously treated with radiotherapy (RT), whereas 13/19 (68%) previously received chemoradiotherapy. The median time from RT to TL was 10.98 years (range, 0.67–23.94 years). Aspiration was evident preoperatively in 17/19 (89%) patients, with 11 experiencing recurrent aspiration pneumonia. Seventeen of 19 (89%) patients were nil per os (NPO) requiring enteral nutrition. Six of 19 (32%) patients had surgical complications, including three (16%) pharyngocutaneous fistulas. At 3‐month and 1‐year postoperative follow‐up, there was significant improvement in mean Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) score and aspiration, recurrent pneumonia, enteral nutrition, and NPO status rates (P < .05). At 1‐year follow‐up, no patients were NPO, and only one patient required gastrostomy tube supplementation. Mean FOIS score increased from 1.3 to 6.1 (P = .001). Eight of 13 patients (62%) were actively using a tracheoesophageal prosthesis at 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsLaryngectomy for dysfunctional larynx eliminates the morbidity of aspiration while improving diet and reducing gastrostomy tube dependence with an acceptable complication rate.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:597–602, 2018
Tidal modulation of seabed light and its implications for benthic algae
Authors: Roberts Emyr Martyn , Bowers David George , Davies Andrew John 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe temporal behavior of seabed light in a shallow, tidal sea is set largely by the interaction of the solar elevation cycle with tidal cycles in water depth and temporal variability in water clarity. The effect of tidal modulation on seabed light often does not simply average out, producing instead a net effect (either an amplification or a reduction of seabed light, integrated over time) compared to a tideless, but otherwise equivalent, scenario. Observations of this phenomenon from the Bay of Brest (France) show reasonable agreement with predictions based on an earlier theoretical framework, confirming that the key physics has been understood and that the important parameters are tidal amplitude, timing of low waters, diffuse attenuation coefficient, and daylength. Implications for benthic macroalgae living in the bay's shallow subtidal zone are investigated using a simple numerical model. The effects of the tide on time‐integrated seabed light and, in turn, time‐integrated macroalgal community photosynthesis in the Bay of Brest correspond closely at three timescales: annual, springs‐neaps (i.e., approximately fortnightly), and daily. Tidal amplification of both parameters occurs over the year, during winter months generally, and at spring tides during winter specifically (slight reduction occurs at neaps during winter). For an individual, isolated thallus, the relationship between tidal modulation of seabed light and photosynthesis is complicated by more pronounced light‐saturation and photoinhibition effects. Demonstrated here for the first time, neglecting tidal effects on seabed light is likely to result in erroneous estimates (and, for many sites, underestimation) of subtidal benthic productivity.
Simple Radical Polymerization of Poly(Alginate‐Graft‐N‐Isopropylacrylamide) Injectable Thermoresponsive Hydrogel with the Potential for Localized and Sustained Delivery of Stem Cells and Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Pentlavalli Sreekanth , Chambers Philip , Sathy Binulal N. , O'Doherty Michelle , Chalanqui Marine , Kelly Daniel J. , Haut‐Donahue Tammy , McCarthy Helen O. , Dunne Nicholas J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, thermoresponsive copolymers that are fully injectable, biocompatible, and biodegradable and are synthesized via graft copolymerization of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) onto alginate using a free‐radical reaction are presented. This new synthesis method does not involve multisteps or associated toxicity issues, and has the potential to reduce scale‐up difficulties. Chemical and physical analyses verify the resultant graft copolymer structure. The lower critical solution temperature, which is a characteristic of sol–gel transition, is observed at 32 °C. The degradation properties indicate suitable degradation kinetics for drug delivery and bone tissue engineering applications. The synthesized P(Alg‐g‐NIPAAm) hydrogel is noncytotoxic with both human osteosarcoma (MG63) cells and porcine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (pBMSCs). pBMSCs encapsulated in the P(Alg‐g‐NIPAAm) hydrogel remain viable, show uniform distribution within the injected hydrogel, and undergo osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation under appropriate culture conditions. Furthermore, for the first time, this work will explore the influence of alginate viscosity on the viscoelastic properties of the resulting copolymer hydrogels, which influences the rate of medical device formation and subsequent drug release. Together the results of this study indicate that the newly synthesized P(Alg‐g‐NIPAAm) hydrogel has potential to serve as a versatile and improved injectable platform for drug delivery and bone tissue engineering applications.
Codelivery for Paclitaxel and Bcl‐2 Conversion Gene by PHB‐PDMAEMA Amphiphilic Cationic Copolymer for Effective Drug Resistant Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Xiaoyuan , Liow Sing Shy , Wu Qiaoqiong , Li Chuang , Owh Cally , Li Zibiao , Loh Xian Jun , Wu Yun‐Long 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAntiapoptotic Bcl‐2 protein's upregulated expression is a key reason for drug resistance leading to failure of chemotherapy. In this report, a series of biocompatible amphiphilic cationic poly[(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate] (PHB)‐b‐poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) copolymer, comprising hydrophobic PHB block and cationic PDMAEMA block, is designed to codeliver hydrophobic chemotherapeutic paclitaxel and Bcl‐2 converting gene Nur77/ΔDBD with enhanced stability, due to the micelle formation by hydrophobic PHB segment. This copolymer shows less toxicity but similar gene transfection efficiency to polyethyenimine (25k). More importantly, this codelivery approach by PHB‐PDMAEMA leads to increased drug resistant HepG2/Bcl‐2 cancer cell death, by increased expression of Nur77 proteins in the Bcl‐2 present intracellular mitochondria. This work signifies for the first time that cationic amphiphilic PHB‐b‐PDMAEMA copolymers can be utilized for the drug and gene codelivery to drug resistant cancer cells with high expression of antiapoptosis Bcl‐2 protein and the positive results are encouraging for the further design of codelivery platforms for combating drug resistant cancer cells.