bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Diagnosis of Orthopedic-Device-Related Infection Directly from Sonication Fluid by Metagenomic Sequencing
Authors: Street Teresa L. , Sanderson Nicholas D. , Atkins Bridget L. , Brent Andrew J. , Cole Kevin , Foster Dona , McNally Martin A. , Oakley Sarah , Peto Leon , Taylor Adrian , Peto Tim E. A. , Crook Derrick W. , Eyre David W. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Culture of multiple periprosthetic tissue samples is the current gold standard for microbiological diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections (PJI). Additional diagnostic information may be obtained through culture of sonication fluid from explants. However, current techniques can have relatively low sensitivity, with prior antimicrobial therapy and infection by fastidious organisms influencing results. We assessed if metagenomic sequencing of total DNA extracts obtained direct from sonication fluid can provide an alternative rapid and sensitive tool for diagnosis of PJI. We compared metagenomic sequencing with standard aerobic and anaerobic culture in 97 sonication fluid samples from prosthetic joint and other orthopedic device infections. Reads from Illumina MiSeq sequencing were taxonomically classified using Kraken. Using 50 derivation samples, we determined optimal thresholds for the number and proportion of bacterial reads required to identify an infection and confirmed our findings in 47 independent validation samples. Compared to results from sonication fluid culture, the species-level sensitivity of metagenomic sequencing was 61/69 (88%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 77 to 94%; for derivation samples 35/38 [92%; 95% CI, 79 to 98%]; for validation samples, 26/31 [84%; 95% CI, 66 to 95%]), and genus-level sensitivity was 64/69 (93%; 95% CI, 84 to 98%). Species-level specificity, adjusting for plausible fastidious causes of infection, species found in concurrently obtained tissue samples, and prior antibiotics, was 85/97 (88%; 95% CI, 79 to 93%; for derivation samples, 43/50 [86%; 95% CI, 73 to 94%]; for validation samples, 42/47 [89%; 95% CI, 77 to 96%]). High levels of human DNA contamination were seen despite the use of laboratory methods to remove it. Rigorous laboratory good practice was required to minimize bacterial DNA contamination. We demonstrate that metagenomic sequencing can provide accurate diagnostic information in PJI. Our findings, combined with the increasing availability of portable, random-access sequencing technology, offer the potential to translate metagenomic sequencing into a rapid diagnostic tool in PJI.
Molluscum Contagiosum Virus Protein MC005 Inhibits NF-κB Activation by Targeting NEMO-Regulated IκB Kinase Activation
Authors: Brady Gareth , Haas Darya A. , Farrell Paul J. , Pichlmair Andreas , Bowie Andrew G. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), the only known extant human-adapted poxvirus, causes a long-duration infection characterized by skin lesions that typically display an absence of inflammation despite containing high titers of live virus. Despite this curious presentation, MCV is very poorly characterized in terms of host-pathogen interactions. The absence of inflammation around MCV lesions suggests the presence of potent inhibitors of human antiviral immunity and inflammation. However, only a small number of MCV immunomodulatory genes have been characterized in detail. It is likely that many more remain to be discovered, given the density of such sequences in other poxvirus genomes. NF-κB activation occurs in response to both virus-induced pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling and cellular activation by virus-induced proinflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1. Activated NF-κB drives cytokine and interferon gene expression, leading to inflammation and virus clearance. We report that MC005, which has no orthologs in other poxvirus genomes, is a novel inhibitor of PRR- and cytokine-stimulated NF-κB activation. MC005 inhibited NF-κB proximal to the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, and unbiased affinity purification revealed that MC005 interacts with the IKK subunit NEMO (NF-κB essential modulator). MC005 binding to NEMO prevents the conformational priming of the IKK complex that occurs when NEMO binds to ubiquitin chains during pathway activation. These data reveal a novel mechanism of poxvirus inhibition of human innate immunity, validate current dynamic models of NEMO-dependent IKK complex activation, and further clarify how the human-adapted poxvirus MCV can so effectively evade antiviral immunity and suppress inflammation to persist in human skin lesions.

IMPORTANCE
Poxviruses adapt to specific hosts over time, evolving and tailoring elegantly precise inhibitors of the rate-limiting steps within the signaling pathways that control innate immunity and inflammation. These inhibitors reveal new features of the antiviral response, clarify existing models of signaling regulation while offering potent new tools for approaching therapeutic intervention in autoimmunity and inflammatory disease. Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is the only known extant poxvirus specifically adapted to human infection and appears adept at evading normal human antiviral responses, yet it remains poorly characterized. We report the identification of MCV protein MC005 as an inhibitor of the pathways leading to the activation of NF-κB, an essential regulator of innate immunity. Further, identification of the mechanism of inhibition of NF-κB by MC005 confirms current models of the complex way in which NF-κB is regulated and greatly expands our understanding of how MCV so effectively evades human immunity.
Anxiety, depression and perceived sporting performance among professional cricket players
Authors: Sahni M , Bhogal G 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundMental health in sport is a hard-hitting topic that is frequently the subject of news coverage and increasingly a theme for avid research. Some suggest that cricketers, participating in a game unique in its statistical analysis of individual performance, prolonged periods of play away from home and extended solitary game time to reflect on errors, may be especially prone to developing depression. This hypothesis is supported by a higher rate of suicide among male Test cricketers when compared with the UK male general population.1MethodsThis study ascertained rates of anxiety and depression by screening professional cricket players using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD–7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ–9). It also investigate whether professional cricket players perceive stress and anxiety to be beneficial to their sporting performance. 21 male professional cricketers were included in this anonymous questionnaire based study.ResultsSix players had a positive depression screen, five scoring mild and one scoring moderate. Additionally, six players had a positive anxiety screen, four scoring mild and two ?players within the moderate range. Fifteen players thought pre-match stress and anxiety was beneficial to their sporting performance. Of these, nine thought slight, five thought fair and one thought considerable levels were optimal.ConclusionsUndiagnosed anxiety and depression may exist in professional cricket teams and as such better screening is required. The majority of players feel some level of stress and tension are beneficial for their performance, with a slight amount being the most common perceived optimum.
Socioeconomic status in childhood and C reactive protein in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Richard S , Aiello Allison E , Mensah Fiona K , Gasser Constantine E , Rueb Kuna , Cordell Billie , Juonala Markus , Wake Melissa , Burgner David P 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundInflammation plays a central role in cardiometabolic disease and may represent a mechanism linking low socioeconomic status (SES) in early life and adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes in later life. Accumulating evidence suggests an association between childhood SES and adult inflammation, but findings have been inconsistent.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to quantify the association between childhood (age <18 years) SES and the inflammatory marker C reactive protein (CRP) in adulthood. Studies were identified in Medline and Embase databases, and by reviewing the bibliographies of articles published from 1946 to December 2015. Study-specific estimates were combined into meta-analyses using random-effects models.Results15 of 21 eligible studies (n=43 629) were ultimately included in two separate meta-analyses. Compared with those from the most advantaged families, participants from the least advantaged families had 25% higher CRP levels (ratio change in geometric mean CRP: 1.25; 95% CI 1.19 to 1.32) in minimally adjusted analyses. This finding was attenuated by the inclusion of adult body mass index (BMI) in adjusted models, suggesting BMI has a strong mediating role in CRP levels.ConclusionsWe observed an inverse association between childhood SES and adulthood CRP, potentially mediated through BMI. Investigating how childhood SES is associated with childhood BMI and CRP would provide insight into the effective timing of social and clinical interventions to prevent cardiometabolic disease.
Expanding the use of flow diverters beyond their initial indication: treatment of small unruptured aneurysms
Authors: Pumar J M , Mosqueira A , Cuellar H , Dieguez B , Guimaraens L , Masso J , Miralbes S , Blanco-Ulla M , Souto-Bayarri M , Vazquez-Herrero F 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundExperience with the endovascular treatment of unruptured small intracranial aneurysms by flow diverter devices is still limited.ObjectiveTo assess the safety and efficacy of the SILK flow diverter (SFD) in the treatment of small unruptured cerebral aneurysms (<10 mm).MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of patients treated with a SFD between July 2008 and December 2013 at 4 institutions in Spain to identify all patients with small unruptured aneurysms (<10 mm). Data for patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, and technical procedures were analyzed. Angiographic and clinical findings were recorded during the procedure and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups.ResultsA total of 109 small aneurysms were treated with a SFD in 104 patients (78 women; 26 men; mean, median, and range of age: 55.2, 57.1, and 19–80 years, respectively). A total of 60 patients were asymptomatic (57.7%). All except 7 aneurysms (6.4%) arose from the anterior circulation. The mean size of the aneurysms was 4.7±1.9 mm. At 6 months, the neuromorbidity and neuromortality rates were 2.9% and 0.9%, respectively. Imaging at the 12-month follow-up showed complete occlusion, neck remnants, and residual aneurysm in 88.5% (69/78), 7.7% (6/78), and 3.3% (3/78) of cases, respectively. No delayed hemorrhage occurred.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the indications for SFD can be safely extended to small intracranial aneurysms.
A multicentre evaluation of an opioid patient–provider agreement
Authors: Pergolizzi Joseph V , Curro Frederick A , Col Nanada , Ghods Mary Papa , Vena Don , Taylor Robert , Naftolin Frederick , LeQuang Jo Ann 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe role of the patient–provider agreement (PPA) is to set forth respective roles and responsibilities for opioid therapy with the goal of improving outcomes, reducing risks, and improving patient education. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative Opioid PPA Working Group convened to develop a PPA and test it for acceptability as an educational and shared decision-making tool in opioid therapy. This multicentre study evaluated the utility of the PPA, how readily patients understood it, its ability to educate patients in an unbiased way about opioid treatment and the feasibility of incorporating a PPA in clinical practice. A total of 117 patients and 14 providers at urban centres were included (mean patient age: 56 years) with 85% of patients treated for pain for &gt;3 months. Most patients reported the PPA to be ‘somewhat helpful’ or ‘very helpful’ in deciding a course of treatment (96%) and ‘easy to understand’ (97%). Both patients and prescribers (89% and 92%, respectively) found the PPA was neutral in terms of presenting opioid therapy. Most centres found the PPA could be administered in ≤10 min and 72% of prescribers said this PPA could be readily incorporated into their practice. This PPA was perceived by both patients and prescribers as helpful in deciding a course of treatment and unbiased in terms of presentation of the risks and benefits of opioid therapy.
Patterns of prevalent HPV and STI co-infections and associated factors among HIV-negative young Western Cape, South African women: the EVRI trial
Authors: Menezes Lynette J , Pokharel Ubin , Sudenga Staci L , Botha Matthys H , Zeier Michele , Abrahamsen Martha E , Glashoff Richard H , Engelbrecht Susan , Schim van der Loeff Maarten F , van der Laan Louvina E , Kipping Siegfried , Taylor Douglas , Giuliano Anna R 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and describe the patterns of concurrent human papillomavirus (HPV) and STIs and associated factors among HIV-negative young Western Cape, South African women participating in the Efficacy of HPV Vaccine to Reduce HIV Infection (EVRI) trial.MethodsHIV-negative women aged 16–24 years old were enrolled in the EVRI trial (NCT01489527) and randomised to receive the licensed four-valent HPV vaccine or placebo. At study entry, participants were clinically evaluated for five STIs: herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and disease-causing HPV genotypes (6/11/16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68). Demographic and sexual history characteristics were compared among women with STI co-infections, single infection and no infection using Pearson χ2and Mann-Whitney tests. ORs were calculated to evaluate factors associated with STI co-infection prevalence.ResultsAmong 388 young women, STI co-infection prevalence was high: 47% had ≥2 concurrent STIs, 36% had a single STI and 17% had none of the five evaluated STIs. HPV/HSV-2 (26%) was the most prevalent co-infection detected followed by HPV/HSV-2/Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) (17%) and HPV/CT (15%). Co-infection prevalence was independently associated with alcohol use (adjusted OR=2.01, 95% CI 1.00 to 4.06) and having a sexual partner with an STI (adjusted OR=6.96, 95% CI 1.53 to 30.08).ConclusionsAmong high-risk young women from underserved communities such as in Southern Africa, a multicomponent prevention strategy that integrates medical and behavioural interventions targeting both men and women is essential to prevent acquisition of concurrent STI infections and consequent disease.Trial registration numberNCT01489527; Post-results.
A Comparison of Avionics Open System Architectures
Authors: Tokar Joyce L. 
Published: May 2017

Building high-integrity, safety-critical systems is one of the primary activities of the projects within the United States (US) Department of Defense (DoD). Recognizing the need for affordable and effective solutions, the DoD calls for the use of Open System Architecture (OSA) solutions in Better Buying Power (BBP) 3.0 [1], Department of Defense Instruction 5000.02 [2], and the Defense Acquisition Guidebook section 4.3.18.15 [3]. The objectives of these documents are to avoid vendor lock, enable affordable capability evolution, and promote innovation. There are several activities underway to define standards that support the development of these systems.
In the Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), the Unmanned Aerospace Systems (UAS) Command and Control (C2) Standard Initiative (UCI) standard has been defined to address the needs of providing an open architecture specification for unmanned aerial vehicles [4].
The Open Mission Systems (OMS) standard [5] developed by the US Air Force utilizes commercially developed Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) concepts and middleware in its definition along with the UCI standard. The Air Force is looking to extend the capabilities of the OMS standard to facilitate the rapid evolution of avionics systems.
The Open Group has constructed a consortium of government, industry, and academia experts to develop the Future Airborne Capability Environment (FACE™) [6]. FACE is an open architecture effort that is intended to standardize the development of aviation components.
The paper will present the basic definition of open systems architecture followed by a description of three of the OSA standard activities that are being conducted to address the direction from the DoD. The paper will then examine the similarities and differences between each of these initiatives. Finally, the paper will discuss the usability of OSA.
Perioperative COX-2 and β-Adrenergic Blockade Improves Metastatic Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Patients in a Phase-II Randomized Trial
Authors: Shaashua Lee , Shabat-Simon Maytal , Haldar Rita , Matzner Pini , Zmora Oded , Shabtai Moshe , Sharon Eran , Allweis Tanir , Barshack Iris , Hayman Lucile , Arevalo Jesusa , Ma Jeffrey , Horowitz Maya , Cole Steven , Ben-Eliyahu Shamgar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurpose: Translational studies suggest that excess perioperative release of catecholamines and prostaglandins may facilitate metastasis and reduce disease-free survival. This trial tested the combined perioperative blockade of these pathways in breast cancer patients.Experimental Design: In a randomized placebo-controlled biomarker trial, 38 early-stage breast cancer patients received 11 days of perioperative treatment with a β-adrenergic antagonist (propranolol) and a COX-2 inhibitor (etodolac), beginning 5 days before surgery. Excised tumors and sequential blood samples were assessed for prometastatic biomarkers.Results: Drugs were well tolerated with adverse event rates comparable with placebo. Transcriptome profiling of the primary tumor tested a priori hypotheses and indicated that drug treatment significantly (i) decreased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, (ii) reduced activity of prometastatic/proinflammatory transcription factors (GATA-1, GATA-2, early-growth-response-3/EGR3, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3/STAT-3), and (iii) decreased tumor-infiltrating monocytes while increasing tumor-infiltrating B cells. Drug treatment also significantly abrogated presurgical increases in serum IL6 and C-reactive protein levels, abrogated perioperative declines in stimulated IL12 and IFNγ production, abrogated postoperative mobilization of CD16− “classical” monocytes, and enhanced expression of CD11a on circulating natural killer cells.Conclusions: Perioperative inhibition of COX-2 and β-adrenergic signaling provides a safe and effective strategy for inhibiting multiple cellular and molecular pathways related to metastasis and disease recurrence in early-stage breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4651–61. ©2017 AACR.
Developing a Blended Type Course of Introduction to Hybrid Vehicles
Authors: Zhu Na 
Published: May 2017

An innovative course of introduction to hybrid vehicles is developed for both associate and bachelor degree programs for engineering technology with automotive/mechanical concentration. The hybrid vehicle course content includes several topics, such as the rational of pure electric vehicle and hybrid vehicle, hybrid vehicle propulsion systems, fundamentals of motor/generator systems, fundamentals of battery and energy management system, and introduction to various configurations of hybrid vehicle systems available in market and under development. Hybrid vehicle technology is a new area and developed rapidly in the field of automotive and mechanical engineering. Students need not only the fundamentals and concepts from college, but also the ability to keep up with the latest technology after their graduation. Therefore, a blended course type is employed to help students have a better understanding of the fundamentals of hybrid vehicle and developing their self-studying ability. Topics in the course have three steps of learning. Firstly, on-ground lecture is given in class, where the instructor explains basic knowledge, such as principles, equations, and design rules. In this way, the students will have enough background knowledge and be able to conduct further self-reading and research work. Secondly, students are required to go to university’s desire to learn (D2L) online system and finish the online part of the topic. In the D2L system, students will find a quiz and its supporting materials. Thirdly, students come back to the on-ground lecture and discuss the quiz in groups with instructor. After the discussion, the instructor gives students a conclusion of the topic and moves forward to the next topic. A computer simulation class is also given to help student better understand the operation strategies of the hybrid vehicle systems and have a trial of design of hybrid vehicle.
The Influence of Self-Regard on Response of Belief in God and Awareness of Prophetic Teaching
Authors: Tekke Mustafa , Ismail Nik Ahmad Hisham , Othman Nooraini , Hassan Sharifah Sariah 
Published: May 2017

Personality and religion relationship has long been studied by Western and Muslim researchers in order to find any association between religious factors anda person's behavior and thought. The present study sought to expand research by investigating the differences in the latent factors, namely Tawhid (Belief in God), Nubuwwa(Awareness of Prophetic Teaching), Self-striving, and Self-regard, in a newly developed scale of Integrative Islamic Personality Inventory (IIPI). The sample of this study was a group of undergraduate students (n= 1235) in ten universities in Turkey. Data were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. The main goal of this study was to investigate the statistical properties of this scale and examine if it could be applied across university students. It is apparent that Belief in God and Awareness of Prophetic Teaching, Self-regard and Self-striving represent psychological and social implications for individuals. Thus, the model of this research makes an important contribution to understanding and predicting how Muslims think, act, and experience Islam.
An Interview with Marcia Tate: Formative Assessment and Brain Based Learning
Authors: Shaughnessy Michael 
Published: May 2017

In this interview, Dr. Marcia Tate discusses her work and focuses on critical issues in brain based learning, and the need for both formative and summative assessment. Tangential issues such as grade retention, and response to intervention are also discussed. It is hope that this interview will assist teachers in the instructional and learning process and aid in both formative and summative assessment.
Personality, Social Support, and Quality of Life as Determinants of Coping Behavior among Visually Impaired Individuals
Authors: Imhonde Henry O. , A. U. Olubuogu , Handayani Lina 
Published: May 2017

This study examined personality, social support, and quality of life as determinant of coping behaviour among the visually impaired individuals. Fifty (50) visually impaired individuals drawn from Benin City participated in the study. Four hypotheses were stated and tested using independent t. test and regression analysis. The results confirmed three out of the four hypotheses stated. High social support was found to significantly determine high coping behaviour (t = 3.261, df 48, P 0.05), high quality of life significantly determine high coping behaviour (t = 5.136, df 48, P 0.05), and that personality, social support, and quality of life jointly predict coping behaviour among visually impaired individuals (R =0.647, R2 = 42%, F(34.626) =; P 0.001). Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that parents/guardians, teachers/counselors of visually impaired individuals should not relent in supporting them. Also relevant authorities should facilitate programmes that will enhance quality of life of individuals with visual impairment to enable them cope better.