bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of stress CMR and SPECT-MPI in patients undergoing intermediate-to-high-risk non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Fazzari Fabio , Lisi Costanza , Catapano Federica , Cannata Francesco , Brilli Federica , Figliozzi Stefano , Bragato Renato Maria , Stefanini Giulio Giuseppe , Monti Lorenzo , Francone Marco 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study was to investigate the role of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) stress tests using stress cardiac magnetic resonance (sCMR) and single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI) in non-cardiac surgery (NCS) pre-operatory management.

Materials and methods
This monocentric retrospective study enrolled patients with coronary artery disease or a minimum of two cardiovascular risk factors undergoing intermediate-to-high-risk non-cardiac surgeries. The primary composite endpoint comprised cardiac death, cardiogenic shock, acute coronary syndromes (ACS), and cardiogenic pulmonary edema occurring within 30 days after surgery, while the secondary endpoint was ACS.

Results
A total of 1590 patients were enrolled; among them, 669 underwent a MPI stress test strategy (sCMR: 287, SPECT-MPI: 382). The incidence of 30-day cardiac events was lower in the stress-tested group compared to the non-stress-tested group (1.2% vs. 3.4%; p 0.006). Adopting a stress test strategy showed a significant reduction in the risk of the composite endpoint (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.15–0.76, p 0.009) and ACS (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.17–0.98, p 0.046) at multivariable analysis, with similar cardiac events rate between stress CMR and SPECT (1.1% vs. 1.3%, p 0.756). Stress CMR showed a greater accuracy to predict coronary artery revascularizations (sCMR c-statistic: 0.95, ischemic cut-point: 5.5%; SPECT c-statistic: 0.85, ischemic cut-point: 7.5%).

Conclusion
Stress test strategy is related to a lower occurrence of cardiac events in high-risk patients scheduled for intermediate-to-high-risk non-cardiac surgeries. Both sCMR and SPECT-MPI comparably reduce the likelihood of cardiac complications, albeit sCMR offers greater accuracy in predicting coronary artery revascularization.
Pulmonary emphysema: the assessment of lung perfusion with Dual-Energy CT and pulmonary scintigraphy
Authors: Borgheresi Alessandra , Cesari Elisa , Agostini Andrea , Badaloni Myriam , Balducci Sofia , Tola Elisabetta , Consoli Valeria , Palucci Andrea , Burroni Luca , Carotti Marina , Giovagnoni Andrea 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aim
To assess the correlation of quantitative data of pulmonary Perfused Blood Volume (PBV) on Dual-Energy CT (DECT) datasets in patients with moderate – severe Pulmonary Emphysema (PE) with Lung Perfusion Scintigraphy (LPS) as the reference standard. The secondary endpoints are the correlation between the CT densitometric analysis and the visual assessment of parenchymal destruction with PBV.

Materials and Methods
Patients with moderate – severe PE candidate to Lung Volumetric Reduction (LVR), with available a pre-procedural LS and a contrast-enhanced DECT were retrospectively included. DECT studies were performed with a 3rd generation Dual-Source CT and the PBV was obtained with a 3-material decomposition algorithm. The CT densitometric analysis was performed with a dedicated commercial software (Pulmo3D). The Goddard Score was used for visual assessment. The perfusion LS were performed after the administration of albumin macroaggregates labeled with 99mTechnetium. The image revision was performed by two radiologists or nuclear medicine physicians blinded, respectively, to LS and DECT data. The statistical analysis was performed with nonparametric tests.

Results
Thirty-one patients (18 males, median age 69 y.o., interquartile range 62–71 y.o.) with moderate – severe PE (Median Goddard Score 14/20 and 31% of emphysematous parenchyma at quantitative CT) candidate to LVR were retrospectively included. The median enhancement on PBV was 17 HU. Significant correlation coefficients were demonstrated between lung PBV and LS, poor in apical regions (Rho = 0.1–0.2) and fair (Rho = 0.3–0.5) in middle and lower regions. No significant correlations were recorded between the CT densitometric analysis, the visual score, and the PBV.

Conclusions
Lung perfusion with PBV on DECT is feasible in patients with moderate – severe PE candidate to LVR, and has a poor to fair agreement with LPS.
Applying deep learning-based ensemble model to [18F]-FDG-PET-radiomic features for differentiating benign from malignant parotid gland diseases
Authors: Nakajo Masatoyo , Hirahara Daisuke , Jinguji Megumi , Hirahara Mitsuho , Tani Atsushi , Nagano Hiromi , Takumi Koji , Kamimura Kiyohisa , Kanzaki Fumiko , Yamashita Masaru , Yoshiura Takashi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To develop and identify machine learning (ML) models using pretreatment 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]-FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)-based radiomic features to differentiate benign from malignant parotid gland diseases (PGDs).

Materials and methods
This retrospective study included 62 patients with 63 PGDs who underwent pretreatment [18F]-FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT). The lesions were assigned to the training (n = 44) and testing (n = 19) cohorts. In total, 49 [18F]-FDG-PET-based radiomic features were utilized to differentiate benign from malignant PGDs using five different conventional ML algorithmic models (random forest, neural network, k-nearest neighbors, logistic regression, and support vector machine) and the deep learning (DL)-based ensemble ML model. In the training cohort, each conventional ML model was constructed using the five most important features selected by the recursive feature elimination method with the tenfold cross-validation and synthetic minority oversampling technique. The DL-based ensemble ML model was constructed using the five most important features of the bagging and multilayer stacking methods. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) and accuracies were used to compare predictive performances.

Results
In total, 24 benign and 39 malignant PGDs were identified. Metabolic tumor volume and four GLSZM features (GLSZM_ZSE, GLSZM_SZE, GLSZM_GLNU, and GLSZM_ZSNU) were the five most important radiomic features. All five features except GLSZM_SZE were significantly higher in malignant PGDs than in benign ones (each p < 0.05). The DL-based ensemble ML model had the best performing classifier in the training and testing cohorts (AUC = 1.000, accuracy = 1.000 vs AUC = 0.976, accuracy = 0.947).

Conclusions
The DL-based ensemble ML model using [18F]-FDG-PET-based radiomic features can be useful for differentiating benign from malignant PGDs.

Second abstract
The DL-based ensemble ML model using [18F]-FDG-PET-based radiomic features can overcome the previously reported limitation of [18F]-FDG-PET/CT scan for differentiating benign from malignant PGDs. The DL-based ensemble ML approach using [18F]-FDG-PET-based radiomic features can provide useful information for managing PGD.
Mapping and understanding degradation of alpine wetlands in the northern Maloti-Drakensberg, southern Africa
Authors: van Tol Johan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe alpine terrestrials of the Maloti-Drakensberg in southern Africa play crucial roles in ecosystem functions and livelihoods, yet they face escalating degradation from various factors including overgrazing and climate change. This study employs advanced Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) techniques coupled with remote sensing to map and assess wetland coverage and degradation in the northern Maloti-Drakensberg. The model achieved high accuracies of 96% and 92% for training and validation data, respectively, with Kappa statistics of 0.91 and 0.83, marking a pioneering automated attempt at wetland mapping in this region. Terrain attributes such as terrain wetness index (TWI) and valley depth (VD) exhibit significant positive correlations with wetland coverage and erosion gully density, Channel Network Depth and slope were negative correlated. Gully density analysis revealed terrain attributes as dominant factors driving degradation, highlighting the need to consider catchment-specific susceptibility to erosion. This challenge traditional assumptions which mainly attribute wetland degradation to external forces such as livestock overgrazing, ice rate activity and climate change. The sensitivity map produced could serve as a basis for Integrated Catchment Management (ICM) projects, facilitating tailored conservation strategies. Future research should expand on this work to include other highland areas, explore additional covariates, and categorize wetlands based on hydroperiod and sensitivity to degradation. This comprehensive study underscores the potential of DSM and remote sensing in accurately assessing and managing wetland ecosystems, crucial for sustainable resource management in alpine regions.
“Until COVID-19 Do Us Part”: A Qualitative Study on Perceived Sexual Intimacy and Mental Health in Heterosexual Older Couples During The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: von Humboldt Sofia , Low Gail , Leal Isabel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aims to explore the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on heterosexual older couples’ sexual intimacy and in relation to their mental health. A content analysis of the ideas and insights shared by 391 older persons (between 65 and 87 years of age) from three different countries was most instructive. The most frequent themes were less sexual satisfaction (68%) and less sexual desire (67%). In terms of mental health, the most frequent themes included less anxiety and distress (78%) and greater attention to negative emotional states (55%) Cultural differences emerged, with Brazilian and Portuguese participants more frequently reporting negative themes compared to British participants, who emphasized stronger emotional bonds. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold, ongoing research and interventions should prioritize understanding and addressing the implications of reduced physical contact and heightened emotional stress on sexual intimacy.
The Relations Between Caregiver Education, Home Stimulation, and Children’s Developmental Outcomes: Research in Majority World Countries
Authors: Do Hang , McCoy Dana C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCaregiver education and home stimulation have shown positive associations with children’s developmental outcomes in early childhood in high-income “Minority World” countries, and these processes also predict children’s long-term health and well-being. However, relatively little is known about these processes in low- and middle-income “Majority World” countries, where an estimated 250 million children under the age of five are at risk of not reaching their developmental potential. This paper attempts to address these gaps in knowledge by exploring the relations between caregiver education, household stimulation, and early childhood development in a sample of infants and toddlers aged birth to three using data on 9,099 caregiver-child dyads from eight under-represented Majority World sites: Brazil, Guatemala, India, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Zambia. It also explored the differences in these developmental processes between children’s sex and geographical regions. Results showed that home stimulation partially mediated the associations between caregiver education and children’s developmental outcomes across eight sites. These developmental processes differed by geographical regions and by children’s sex. In sum, these findings contribute to the field’s understanding of the universality and specificity of child development across settings and child characteristics. They also suggest the importance of supporting caregiver education and home stimulation activities as means of promoting children’s developmental outcomes, as well as the need to promote gender equity in the Majority World to ensure equal access to learning opportunities, especially opportunities in the home.
Right to be forgotten in the Era of large language models: implications, challenges, and solutions
Authors: Zhang Dawen , Finckenberg-Broman Pamela , Hoang Thong , Pan Shidong , Xing Zhenchang , Staples Mark , Xu Xiwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Right to be Forgotten (RTBF) was first established as the result of the ruling of Google Spain SL, Google Inc. v AEPD, Mario Costeja González, and was later included as the Right to Erasure under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of European Union to allow individuals the right to request personal data be deleted by organizations. Specifically for search engines, individuals can send requests to organizations to exclude their information from the query results. It was a significant emergent right as the result of the evolution of technology. With the recent development of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their use in chatbots, LLM-enabled software systems have become popular. But they are not excluded from the RTBF. Compared with the indexing approach used by search engines, LLMs store, and process information in a completely different way. This poses new challenges for compliance with the RTBF. In this paper, we explore these challenges and provide our insights on how to implement technical solutions for the RTBF, including the use of differential privacy, machine unlearning, model editing, and guardrails. With the rapid advancement of AI and the increasing need of regulating this powerful technology, learning from the case of RTBF can provide valuable lessons for technical practitioners, legal experts, organizations, and authorities.
Metallothionein ameliorates airway epithelial apoptosis upon particulate matter exposure: role of oxidative stress and ion homeostasis
Authors: Li Bin , Huang Nannan , Wei Shengnan , Meng Qingtao , Wu Shenshen , Aschner Michael , Li Xiaobo , Chen Rui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the mechanism underlying particulate matter (PM) exposure-induced oxidative stress and potential rescue strategies against pulmonary damage in this context.

Methods
A combination of omics technology and bioinformatic analysis were used to uncover mechanisms underlying cellular responses to PM exposure in human bronchial epithelia (HBE) cells and imply the potential rescue.

Results
Our results implicated that oxidative stress, metal ion homeostasis, and apoptosis were the major cellular responses to PM exposure in HBE cells. PM exposure disrupted oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-related gene expressions in HBE cells. Rescuing the expression of these genes with supplemental coenzyme Q10 (Co Q10) inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation; however, it only partially protected HBEs against PM exposure-induced apoptosis. Further, metallothionein (MT)-encoding genes associated with metal ion homeostasis were significantly induced in HBE cells, which was transcriptionally regulated by specificity protein 1 (SP1). SP1 knock-down (KD) aggravated PM-induced apoptosis in HBE cells, suggesting it plays a role in MT induction. Subsequent studies corroborated the protective role of MT by showing that exogenous MT supplement demonstrated effective protection against PM-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HBE cells. Importantly, exogenous MT supplement was shown to reduce ROS generation and apoptosis in airway epithelia in both HBE cells and a PM-inhaled murine model.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that the impact of MT on airway epithelia by suppressing oxidative stress and maintaining metal ion homeostasis is beneficial in attenuating damage to pulmonary cells undergoing PM exposure.
Exposure to entrepreneurship education interventions reveal improvements to vocational entrepreneurial intent: a two-wave longitudinal study
Authors: Bahaw Priscilla , Baboolal Amrika , Mack Abede Jawara , Carter-Rogers Katelynn 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe education sector has witnessed a growing recognition of the interdisciplinary nature of entrepreneurship education (EE), which has expanded beyond its traditional focus on business students. While higher education institutions have gained significant prominence in EE, little is known about the effects of EE in technical vocational education and training (TVET) institutions. This study aimed to examine the impact of EE on the entrepreneurial intentions (EI), attitudes towards business (ATB) creation, subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) of vocational students, grounded in the theory of planned behavior. Adopting a Two-Wave Longitudinal design, the study was conducted on a sample of 128 TVET students who underwent an intensive six-month EE program. The results showed that the Time 2 scores were significantly higher than the Time 1 scores for EI (9.510), ATB (9.773), SN (8.588), and PBC (2.993), indicating the effectiveness of EE in fostering pro-entrepreneurial desires among vocational students. The findings suggest that TVET institutions should consider incorporating EE into their curricula and provide adequate support systems for their student population. This study contributes to the limited research on the impact of EE in the TVET context, particularly within emerging economies, and offers insights for educational practice and future research.
Customer Due Diligence and Financial Inclusion in Malaysia: Balancing Regulatory Measures and Accessibility
Authors: Halim Eliya Hamizah binti , Basu Subhajit 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article critically analyses the substantial inadequacies of the current Customer Due Diligence (CDD) framework in safeguarding marginalised communities from financial exclusion in Malaysia. It highlights that for vulnerable groups such as rural inhabitants, undocumented migrants, and refugees, the CDD, as currently framed and applied, only impedes access to formal financial services. While Malaysia's implementation of a risk-based approach in CDD policies complies with global standards of CDD, this article argues that these standards fall far short of effectively helping marginalised communities. In addition, there is evidence that banks are exhibiting over-cautious compliance behaviour, which resulted in banks hesitating to implement some of the CDD flexibilities introduced by the regulators. In order to address these problems and overcome the barriers, proposals for the development of new CDD strategies are analysed. These include reducing documentation requirements, widening the list of acceptable documents, and introducing entry-level accounts. The aim is to address banking access issues for marginalised communities without compromising the regulatory objectives of CDD. The article recommends that CDD regulations can better assist financial inclusion if they are tailored to the specific needs of the excluded communities by using a risk-based approach.
The adolescent health network: A unique approach to sustained adolescent stakeholder engagement
Authors: Sekhar Deepa L. , Hoke Alicia M. , Khan Marwa , Gordon Patricia L. , Conahan Erin K. , Kraschnewski Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
At least 70% of premature adult deaths result from behaviors starting and reinforced in adolescence. The use of adolescent-centered outcomes and the necessity of creating space for the adolescent voice regarding research that directly impacts them is often overlooked. These omissions result in proposals and solutions that lack consideration of adolescent ingenuity, preferences, and needs. In 2021, Penn State PRO Wellness was awarded a Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute Engagement Award with the goal of addressing the gap in the inclusion of adolescents in research focused on teenage health. The resultant Adolescent Health Network (AHN) was developed in partnership with a stakeholder advisory board comprised of adolescents, parents, health researchers, and school staff. The AHN currently consists of 12 schools and 43 adolescents who have completed stakeholder training. For adolescents, the AHN simulates a school club or career enrichment activity with incoming freshmen replacing graduating seniors over time. For health researchers, the AHN provides rapid, easy access to a pool of adolescents with stakeholder training who are available to provide input on various aspects of a study from recruitment plans, to survey tools to dissemination strategies. This manuscript details the development, execution, and data from this novel program.
On transversal Hölder regularity for flat Wieler solenoids
Authors: TREVIÑO RODRIGO 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper studies various aspects of inverse limits of locally expanding affine linear maps on flat branched manifolds, which I call flat Wieler solenoids. Among the aspects studied are different types of cohomologies, the rates of mixing given by the Ruelle spectrum of the hyperbolic map acting on this space, and solutions of the cohomological equation in primitive substitution subshifts for Hölder functions. The overarching theme is that considerations of

$\alpha $

-Hölder regularity on Cantor sets go a long way.
A Mid‐Crustal Channel of Positive Radial Anisotropy Beneath the Eastern South China Block From F‐J Multimodal Ambient Noise Tomography
Authors: Chen Juqing , Li Zhengbo , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe investigated the crustal radial anisotropy in the eastern South China Block (ESCB) with the F‐J multimodal ambient noise tomography. Well corresponding to widespread mid‐crustal low‐velocity zones in the model, a pronounced mid‐crustal channel of positive radial anisotropy is revealed. In the Cathaysia Block, it may origin from sub‐horizontally aligned quartz induced by extension and correspond to the phase transition of to quartz. In other areas, while, it may be relevant to other well‐aligned minerals. This positive mid‐crustal radial anisotropy channel not only provides the solid evidence for dominative extensional deformation since late Mesozoic, but also may indicate an important detachment surface, contributing much to the early Mesozoic magmatism in the ESCB.