bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal validation of facial expression detection software for real-time monitoring of affect in patients with suicidal intent
Authors: Amico F. , Healy G. , Arvaneh M. , Kearney D. , Mohedano E. , Roddy D. , Yek J. , Smeaton A. , Brophy J. 
Published: May 2016

Facial expression is an independent and objective marker of affect. Basic emotions (fear, sadness, joy, anger, disgust and surprise) have been shown to be universal across human cultures. Techniques such as the Facial Action Coding System can capture emotion with good reliability. Such techniques visually process the changes in different assemblies of facial muscles that produce the facial expression of affect.Recent groundbreaking advances in computing and facial expression analysis software now allow real-time and objective measurement of emotional states. In particular, a recently developed software package and equipment, the Imotion Attention Tool™, allows capturing information on discreet emotional states based on facial expressions while a subject is participating in a behavioural task.Extending preliminary work by further experimentation and analysis, the present findings suggests a link between facial affect data to already established peripheral arousal measures such as event related potentials (ERP), heart rate variability (HRV) and galvanic skin response (GSR) using disruptively innovative, noninvasive and clinically applicable technology in patients reporting suicidal ideation and intent compared to controls. Our results hold promise for the establishment of a computerized diagnostic battery that can be utilized by clinicians to improve the evaluation of suicide risk.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Availability and accessibility of medications and toxic substances and suicidal behavior
Authors: Arsenyan M. , Sukiasyan S. , Hovhannisyan T. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionScientific research indicates that accessibility of suicide means has a significant influence on the choice of method. Since the choice of suicide method largely depends on availability of suicide means, the lethality of method at hand plays a crucial role in a period of suicidal crisis.AimsWe aimed to reveal the associations between accessibility and availability of medications and toxic substances and suicidal behavior of teenage girls in Armenia.ObjectiveOur objectives were to determine whether accessibility and availability of medications and toxic substances have any impact on development of suicidal behavior among teenage girls in Armenia and whether toxicity and quantity of medications and toxic substances at hand or purchased by attempters are associated with severity of outcome.MethodsA qualitative analysis of patient histories of 26 teenage girls, hospitalized in the ICU, Toxicology Center “Muratsan”, Yerevan, RA, diagnosed as having acute deliberate self-poisoning was performed.ResultsIn majority of cases, conflict situation preceded suicidal behavior and decision on attempting suicide was impulsive. Being emotionally distressed teenage girls reached for medications and toxic substances readily available in the household or bought medications from a pharmacy.ConclusionThe vast majority of teenage girls attempted suicide by medications and toxic substances at hand. Admittedly, both, type of medication and quantity of pills or amount of toxic substances utilized, affected the severity of outcome. Hence, the availability and accessibility of medications and toxic substances played a crucial role in development of suicidal behavior and severity of outcome.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
How does someone who weighs so little feel like a burden to everyone?
Authors: Coutinho F. , Brandão I. , Pereira E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAnorexia nervosa (AN) is one of the most lethal psychiatric disorders, which is explained partially by starvation related health problems, but also because of high suicide rates. One of the proposed theories to explain a suicide attempt is the interpersonal theory of suicide (IPTS), with its three essential variables: feelings of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness and the acquired capacity for suicide.ObjectiveTo review the literature about suicidality in AN and to present a case report of a patient with restrictive AN who has committed suicide.MethodsTo review of the literature using the database Medline, through PubMed, with the keywords “anorexia nervosa”, “eating disorders” and “suicide”.ResultsSuicide attempts and completed suicide are highly prevalent among patients with AN, and some authors suggest that 20–40% of deaths in AN are due to suicide. Recently, the IPTS has been proposed as a mean to explain increased suicidality in AN patients.ConclusionWe present a case report about a patient with a long standing AN who has committed suicide after leaving a goodbye note describing strong feelings of perceived burdensomeness directed to her family. It is of utmost importance to continue the study about the phenomenon of suicide in AN to be able to prevent this tragic outcome.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Suicide attempt in alcohol use disorder and Wernicke encephalopathy: A case report
Authors: Espinosa L. , Fortea A. , Oriolo G. , Balcells M. , Oliveras C. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe relation between alcohol dependence and suicidal behavior is well known and alcohol consumption is a risk factor to take in consideration in order to prevent suicidal attempts. Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a common acute neurological disorder caused by thiamine deficiency frequently associated with alcohol use disorder and often infra-diagnosed. Just few cases are reported about the possible correlation between suicidal behaviour and Wernicke encephalopathy.ObjectiveTo describe the possible association between suicidal attempts and Wernicke encephalopathy.MethodsWe report the case of a 57 year old man, with past diagnosis of disthymia and amphetamine abuse disorder, and a history of bariatric surgery, who was hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) of hospital clinic for a suicidal attempt by mean of metro railway precipitation. He presented two episodes of psychomotor agitation in the context of an abstinence syndrome that reverted with midazolam continuous perfusion and clonazepam 8 mg per day. Consequently to medical improvement, he was moved to Psychiatry Unit of Addictive Behavior and finally diagnosed with alcohol use disorder.ResultsIn the physical exam, bilateral nystagmus and cerebellar ataxia were observed. Signs of malnutrition were detected in the blood analysis. In a brain magnetic resonance image, volume deficits in the mammillary bodies, thalamus, cortex and corpus callosum, as well as peri-aqueductal altered signal were observed, all signs compatible with Wernicke encephalopathy diagnoses.ConclusionsWernicke encephalopathy is a frequent concomitant condition in patients with alcohol use disorder. The consequent cognitive decline could represent an independent added risk factor for suicidal behavior.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Suicide risk assessment and prevention interventions in military veterans
Authors: Teo A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionConcerns over suicide among military veterans has been as issue of major public and policy concern, particularly by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), which is the largest integrated health care system in the United States.Objectives and aimsThe reasons for suicide risk and means to reduce risk in this population have been under active investigation and implementation. The aim of this presentation is to review recent trends in suicide risk assessment and suicide prevention interventions within the VHA in the United States.MethodsA literature review consisting of an electronic database search of PubMed, “gray literature” search, and manual search for articles related to suicide in military personnel and veterans was conducted.ResultsIn recent years, annual VHA rates of completed suicide have ranged from approximately 34 to 40 suicides per 100,000 person-years, rates significantly higher than the general US population. Risk assessment methods examined in military veteran populations have primarily included self-report instruments, scales, and checklists. Recently, “big data” approaches to analysis of electronic medical records have shown promise in stratifying veterans into high- and low-risk groups. VHA suicide prevention initiatives have included extensive staff hiring, development of research centers and data-sharing agreements focused on suicide, a national telephone crisis line, routine suicide risk assessment and screening, and suicide safety plans.ConclusionsMilitary veterans in the US receiving care in the VHA have a variety of risk factors for suicide and continue to be at elevated risk despite implementation of numerous suicide prevention initiatives.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
A salivary biochemical analysis of certain recruits associated with suicidal ideation
Authors: Xiaomei W. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo explore the biochemical indicators of the persons at high risk of suicide.AimsTo achieve early screening of the persons at high risk of suicide.MethodsSuicide ideation of new recruits was generally investigated with self-rating idea of suicide scale (SIOSS). Twenty-five recruits whose scores were more than 12 were recognized as the suicide ideation group. Another 25 recruits without suicide ideation were randomly selected as the control group. Saliva samples of each group were collected for biochemical analysis after one month and three months. The SIOSS was used again for evaluation of suicide ideation.ResultsAfter one month, the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Amy and SA in saliva were demonstrated to be statistically different between the two groups. After three months, the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Amy and SA in saliva between the two groups showed no significantly difference. According to SIOSS results, only 7 persons of the original suicidal ideation group were recognized as suicidal ideation group, the other 18 people's SIOSS scores were less than 12. And the SIOSS scores of the control group (without suicidal ideation group) were also less than 12. There was no statistical difference in the three groups for comparison of salivary Ca, Mg, Amy and SA.ConclusionThe biochemical indicators l of saliva lack specificity for suicidal ideation screening.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Telepsychiatry in the opinion of Polish patients and psychiatrists
Authors: Wojtuszek M. , Kachnic J. , Wutke J. , Krysta K. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundTelepsychiatry takes advantage of modern communication technologies and new forms of patient–doctor and doctor–patient contact.ObjectiveThis research focuses on the knowledge of telepsychiatry and the attitude to it among patients and psychiatrists in Poland.Subject and methodsAn anonymous survey was conducted among 105 psychiatrists aged 26–74, including 74 women and 31 men and 102 patients aged 21–79, including 61 women and 41 men.ResultsResearch reveals that the majority of patients never met with the concept of “epsychiatry” and do not know what it means. However, more than 50% of respondents answered positively to every question considering the utility of telepsychiatry. Furthermore according to 18%, it is possible to replace an eye-to-eye conversation by videoconferencing. Only 15% of doctors claim to have an extensive knowledge on telepsychiatry, and 10% do not know what it means. The vast majority of physicians perceive positive aspects of this method of medical care, but 63% would not want any general insertion of telepsychiatry. Doctors are apprehensive of losing personal data and medical confidentiality, and of the necessity of legal changes.ConclusionsThe obtained results allow us to conclude that Polish patients and doctors, regardless of their knowledge, age, gender or disease, perceive advantages of telepsychiatry. In connection with this, implementing this method into the Polish medical market makes sense and is in accordance with both patients’ and doctors’ opinion. Based on our research, we confirmed that there is a necessity of wider popularisation of telepsychiatry among Polish therapists.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Light as an aid for inpatient recovery: A systematic review
Authors: Henriksen J. , Okkels N. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe indoor light environment of hospital wards may affect functions and symptoms that are central to the process of inpatient recovery, including sleep, anxiety, well-being, and mood.ObjectiveTo assess whether interventions in light improves recovery in hospitalized patients across all medical specialties.MethodsWe systematically searched and reviewed the literature for RCT's on adult inpatients where any light intervention were compared to standard care or placebo. We reviewed effects of light on various outcomes, and compared differences in administration, timing, color, and intensity of the light.ResultsWe identified 2330 titles, of which 32 met our predefined selection criteria. Choice of administration, timing, wavelengths, and intensity varied. However, most studies investigated bright light therapy with high intensity and short exposure time, others low-intensity light at night filtered of wavelengths in the blue spectrum, and yet others the use of dawn simulation. Comparators were either placebo lamps with low intensity or regular indoor light. Most studies were performed on psychiatric inpatients, showing that bright light therapy is an effective aid in recovery of major depression. Across medical specialties, several studies reported improved sleep quality during the light intervention. Other studies found a lower rate of delirium. In elderly patients with dementia, studies found light interventions to relieve agitation and confusion.ConclusionsLight may ease a broad range of symptoms and behaviors across inpatient categories. The intervention is inexpensive, well tolerated, and non-invasive. This study underlines intelligent lighting design as an interesting, yet under-explored, non-pharmaceutical treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Adherence to treatment and number of relapses in patients treated with atypical antipsychotic prolonged release
Authors: Dominguez M.D.L.C. Ramirez , Sánchez I. Prieto , Caro M. Nuñez , Torres N. Garrido , Martn A.S. Biedma 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe extended release injectable offers a good alternative for those patients with no or poor adherence to treatment. Numerous studies indicate that decrease the number of relapses in such individuals. Our aim is to check whether a group of our patients diagnosed with dual pathology coincide with these data.MethodsWe followed a group of 5 patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia or delusional disorder with drug consumption in the last year. We measured the number of relapses, understood as the number of visits to emergency and outpatient devices Mental Health Hospitals and hospitalizations six months before the start of treatment with aripiprazole injectable extended release and six months after.ResultsThe preliminary results point to a significant reduction in the number of emergency room visits and hospitalizations after starting sustained release injectable treatment.ConclusionsOur preliminary results are consistent with the literature, we found also reduced consumption of toxic and better adherence to drug addiction devices. The new antipsychotics extended release is a good alternative for patients with dual diagnosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Electroconvulsive therapy: Brief versus ultrabrief pulse right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Raposo M.R. , Medina M.L. , González A.L. , Martínez I. , Gil A. , Belmar A. , Piqueras M.D. , Murcia J.B. , Ivanov V. , Manzur P. , Busaileh A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective depression treatment, but it has potential cognitive side effects. Bitemporal ECT has been traditionally used, but in recent decades, right unilateral (RUL) electrode placement has been proposed to decrease the cognitive side effects of ECT. Ultrabrief pulse (UBP) right unilateral (RUL) ECT is an increasingly used treatment option that can potentially combine efficacy with lesser cognitive side effects.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether ultrabrief pulse (UBP) right unilateral (RUL) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is as effective as brief pulse (BP) RUL ECT in addition to cause lesser cognitive side effects.Material and methodsA search is performed in the available scientific literature on systematic review and meta-analysis of the subject under study, through the database PubMed.Results– Current evidence supports the efficacy of right unilateral (RUL) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) given with an ultrabrief pulse width in the treatment of depression;– ultrabrief pulse RUL ECT leads to lesser cognitive side effects than traditional forms of ECT;– ultrabrief pulse RUL ECT may be slightly less effective than traditional forms of ECT.ConclusionsBP compared with UBP RUL ECT was slightly more efficacious in treating depression and required fewer treatment sessions, but led to greater cognitive side effects. The decision of whether to use BP or UBP RUL ECT should be made on an individual patient basis and should be based on a careful weighing of the relative priorities of efficacy versus minimization of cognitive impairment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A “Newly Discovered in Romania” atypical antipsychotic prolonged release treatment for patient with schizophrenia. First results of a naturalistic study with recently approved paliperidone palmitate
Authors: Sarpe M. , Ladea M. , Bran M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIntramuscular paliperidone palmitate is a long-acting atypical antipsychotic, which has only been marketed in Romania from march 2015 as a free of charge medication/subsidized for the acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia in adults.Objectives and aimsTo determine the efficacy and tolerability of paliperidone palmitate in 12 patients with schizophrenia in an outpatient care unit, taking into account the limited clinical experience with this product in Romania.MethodsThe study was performed in an outpatient care unit. Data was collected from medical records of patients started on paliperidone palmitate between March and June 2015. This time period was selected because we wanted to have at least a 6-month period of evaluating these patients. Some of the patients were previously on risperidone long-acting injection (in Romania the advantages of a 1-month injection instead of 2 and the fact that the medication does not need to be held in a refrigerator are 2 important factors that can increase the compliance of the patients). Others were treated with other long-acting antipsychotics (flupentixol). The rest were patients treated before with risperidone, with good response, but with problems of non-compliance.ResultsNone of the patients treated with paliperidone palmitate relapsed. Some of them had, at maximum dose, minor extrapyramidal symptoms that disappeared when we lowered the dose. Taking into account the lack of insight and the non-compliance of patients with schizophrenia, this treatment seems to be extremely valuable, maybe more in this kind of cases, in outpatient care units.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Do patients with better neuro-cognition have better theory of mind?
Authors: Mrizak J. , Arous A. , Trabelsi R. , Aissa A. , Ben Ammar H. , El Hechmi Z. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionTheory of mind (ToM) has repeatedly been shown to be compromised in many patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). By contrast, the association between ToM deficits and neuro-cognitive functioning (NF) remains uncertain.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between ToM functioning and neuro-cognitive functioning in SCZ.MethodsFifty-eight outpatients with stable SCZ completed the intention-inferencing task (IIT), in which the ability to infer a character's intentions from 28 short comic strip stories is assessed. They also completed a neuro-cognitive battery comprising the following tests: the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT-R), the Letter Digit Substitution Test (LDST), the Stroop Test (ST), the “Double Barrage” of Zazzo (DBZ), the Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST), Verbal Fluency (VF), the Trail Making Test-Part A (TMT-A) and the Digit Span (DS).ResultsThe performance in the IIT significantly correlated with performance in some neuro-cognitive tests including efficiency in DBZ, number of uncorrected mistakes in ST, number of correct categories in MCST and the time needed to succeed the TMT-A. No correlations were found between performance in the ITT and in memory tasks (HVLT-R and DS).ConclusionsToM may rely on some neuro-cognitive functions (mainly attention and executive functioning). Elucidating the exact relationship between ToM and NF may be useful as both are targeted in specific psychotherapeutic interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Epidemiological and clinical profiles of hospitalized female patients in the psychiatric hospital “Nuestra Señora Del Pilar” between 1912 and 1915
Authors: Abad C. , Bouzán M.L. , Martín A. , Lanzán M.T. , Ortega O. , Bosqued L. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionHospitalization is fundamental in the treatment of severe psychiatric disorders, at present and in the past. The Psychiatric Hospital “Ntra. Sra. Del Pilar de Zaragoza”, established in 1425, is one of the most ancient hospitals and with longest history of the country, one of the first centers to start considering as demented persons as another sick patient. This paper describes the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients admitted to the psychiatric hospital between 1912 and 1915.MethodWe developed a descriptive research, using secondary information sources (clinical histories) of patients hospitalized between 1912 and 1915. For data analysis was used software SPSS 10.ResultsWe reviewed 110 files and the most common diagnoses were senile dementia and manic-depressive psychosis. The mean of age was 42 years, and the predominant marital status was the single status (47%). We documented that in more than 60% of the cases, the precedence of the patients was from rural zone. El 75% of the patients had remained hospitalized during several years until their death. Only the 10% were discharged for improvement.ConclusionIt is important to understand the socio-economic variables of the female patients from a century ago to be aware of the evolution of psychiatry and psychiatric treatment and consequently of the profile of current patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.