bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency: Long‐term health outcomes and patient perspectives
Authors: Lee Adrian YS , Frith Katie , Schneider Lilian , Ziegler John B 
Published: May 2017

AimTo examine the long‐term follow‐up and health outcomes of patients who have undergone haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).MethodsThrough a structured questionnaire, we examined follow‐up arrangements and long‐term health outcomes in 22 children who have had a successful HSCT for SCID during the period of 1984–2012 at the Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.ResultsMost children considered themselves healthy and ‘cured’ from SCID. Whilst many children enjoy relatively good bio‐social health outcomes, specific negative health outcomes and absenteeism from school were perceived negatively. Two‐thirds of children see their general practitioner or specialist regularly; however, there did not appear to be consistency with the nature of this follow‐up.ConclusionThe findings from our study highlight the complex bio‐psychosocial health needs of post‐HSCT SCID children and encourage SCID centres to consider a multidisciplinary approach to their follow‐up. Further studies into the determinants of patients’ perceptions of their health are needed.
Screen‐printed ambulatory electrode set enables accurate diagnostics of sleep bruxism
Authors: Miettinen Tomi , Myllymaa Katja , Muraja‐Murro Anu , Westeren‐Punnonen Susanna , Hukkanen Taina , Töyräs Juha , Lappalainen Reijo , Mervaala Esa , Sipilä Kirsi , Myllymaa Sami 
Published: May 2017

SummaryCurrently, definite diagnosis of sleep bruxism requires polysomnography. However, it is restrictedly available, and too cumbersome and expensive for the purpose. The aim of this study was to introduce an ambulatory electrode set and evaluate its feasibility for more cost‐effective diagnostics of sleep bruxism. Six self‐assessed bruxers (one male, five females; aged 21–58 years) and six healthy controls (four males, two females, aged 21–25 years) underwent a standard polysomnographic study and a concurrent study with the ambulatory electrode set. Bruxism events, cortical arousals and sleep stages were scored for the two montages separately in a random order, and obtained sleep parameters were compared. In addition, the significance of video recording and sleep stage scoring for the diagnostic accuracy of ambulatory electrode set was determined. Ambulatory electrode set yielded similar diagnoses as standard polysomnography in all subjects. However, compared with standard polysomnography the median (interquartile range) tonic bruxism event index was significantly higher in the control group [+0.38 (+0.08 to +0.56) events per hour, P = 0.046], and the phasic bruxism event index was significantly lower in the bruxer group [−0.44 (−1.30 to +0.07) events per hour, P = 0.046]. Exclusion of video recording and both video recording and sleep stage scoring from analysis increased overestimation of the tonic bruxism event index in the control group +0.86 (+0.42 to +1.03) and +1.19 (+0.55 to +1.39) events per hour, P = 0.046 and P = 0.028, respectively], resulting in one misdiagnosed control subject. To conclude, ambulatory electrode set is a sensitive method for ambulatory diagnostics of sleep bruxism, and video recording and sleep stage scoring help reaching the highest specificity of sleep bruxism diagnostics.
Is there a common motor dysregulation in sleepwalking and REM sleep behaviour disorder?
Authors: Haridi Mehdi , Weyn Banningh Sebastian , Clé Marion , Leu‐Semenescu Smaranda , Vidailhet Marie , Arnulf Isabelle 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThis study sought to determine if there is any overlap between the two major non‐rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement parasomnias, i.e. sleepwalking/sleep terrors and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. We assessed adult patients with sleepwalking/sleep terrors using rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder screening questionnaires and determined if they had enhanced muscle tone during rapid eye movement sleep. Conversely, we assessed rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder patients using the Paris Arousal Disorders Severity Scale and determined if they had more N3 awakenings. The 251 participants included 64 patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (29 with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and 35 with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder associated with Parkinson's disease), 62 patients with sleepwalking/sleep terrors, 66 old healthy controls (age‐matched with the rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder group) and 59 young healthy controls (age‐matched with the sleepwalking/sleep terrors group). They completed the rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder screening questionnaire, rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder single question and Paris Arousal Disorders Severity Scale. In addition, all the participants underwent a video‐polysomnography. The sleepwalking/sleep terrors patients scored positive on rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder scales and had a higher percentage of ‘any’ phasic rapid eye movement sleep without atonia when compared with controls; however, these patients did not have higher tonic rapid eye movement sleep without atonia or complex behaviours during rapid eye movement sleep. Patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder had moderately elevated scores on the Paris Arousal Disorders Severity Scale but did not exhibit more N3 arousals (suggestive of non‐rapid eye movement parasomnia) than the control group. These results indicate that dream‐enacting behaviours (assessed by rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder screening questionnaires) are commonly reported by sleepwalking/sleep terrors patients, thus decreasing the questionnaire's specificity. Furthermore, sleepwalking/sleep terrors patients have excessive twitching during rapid eye movement sleep, which may result either from a higher dreaming activity in rapid eye movement sleep or from a more generalised non‐rapid eye movement/rapid eye movement motor dyscontrol during sleep.
Efficacy and Safety of Injectable Robenacoxib for the Treatment of Pain Associated With Soft Tissue Surgery in Dogs
Authors: Friton G. , Thompson C. , Karadzovska D. , King S. , King J.N. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used routinely to control pain and inflammation after surgery in dogs. Robenacoxib is a cyclooxygenase‐2 selective NSAID.Hypothesis/ObjectiveAssess the clinical efficacy and safety of an injectable formulation of robenacoxib in dogs undergoing surgery.AnimalsThree hundred and seventeen client‐owned dogs (N = 159 robenacoxib or N = 158 placebo).MethodsIn this prospective, multicenter, randomized, masked, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group study, dogs received a SC injection of either robenacoxib, at a target dose of 2.0 mg/kg, or placebo once prior to surgery and for 2 additional days postoperatively. Pain assessments were performed using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS‐SF). The primary efficacy variable was treatment success/failure, with failure defined as the need for rescue therapy to control pain or withdrawal of the dog from the study due to an adverse event.ResultsSignificantly (P = .006) more dogs administered robenacoxib were considered treatment successes (108 of 151, 73.7%) compared to dogs given placebo (85 of 152, 58.1%). Total pain scores (P < .01), pain at the surgery sites (response to touch, P < .01), and posture/activity (P < .05) were significantly improved at 3, 5, and 8 hours postextubation in dogs receiving robenacoxib versus placebo.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceRobenacoxib administered by SC injection prior to surgery and for 2 additional days postoperatively was effective and well tolerated in the control of postoperative pain and inflammation associated with soft tissue surgery in dogs.
Evidence for a peptidoglycan‐like structure in Orientia tsutsugamushi
Authors: Atwal Sharanjeet , Giengkam Suparat , Chaemchuen Suwittra , Dorling Jack , Kosaisawe Nont , VanNieuwenhze Michael , Sampattavanich Somponnat , Schumann Peter , Salje Jeanne 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBacterial cell walls are composed of the large cross‐linked macromolecule peptidoglycan, which maintains cell shape and is responsible for resisting osmotic stresses. This is a highly conserved structure and the target of numerous antibiotics. Obligate intracellular bacteria are an unusual group of organisms that have evolved to replicate exclusively within the cytoplasm or vacuole of a eukaryotic cell. They tend to have reduced amounts of peptidoglycan, likely due to the fact that their growth and division takes place within an osmotically protected environment, and also due to a drive to reduce activation of the host immune response. Of the two major groups of obligate intracellular bacteria, the cell wall has been much more extensively studied in the Chlamydiales than the Rickettsiales. Here, we present the first detailed analysis of the cell envelope of an important but neglected member of the Rickettsiales, Orientia tsutsugamushi. This bacterium was previously reported to completely lack peptidoglycan, but here we present evidence supporting the existence of a peptidoglycan‐like structure in Orientia, as well as an outer membrane containing a network of cross‐linked proteins, which together confer cell envelope stability. We find striking similarities to the unrelated Chlamydiales, suggesting convergent adaptation to an obligate intracellular lifestyle.
Chitin‐induced and CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE1 (CERK1) phosphorylation‐dependent endocytosis of Arabidopsis thaliana LYSIN MOTIF‐CONTAINING RECEPTOR‐LIKE KINASE5 (LYK5)
Authors: Erwig Jan , Ghareeb Hassan , Kopischke Michaela , Hacke Ronja , Matei Alexandra , Petutschnig Elena , Lipka Volker 
Published: May 2017

Summary

To detect potential pathogens, plants perceive the fungal polysaccharide chitin through receptor complexes containing lysin motif receptor‐like kinases (LysM‐RLKs). To investigate the ligand‐induced spatial dynamics of chitin receptor components, we studied the subcellular behaviour of two Arabidopsis thaliana LysM‐RLKs involved in chitin signalling, CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE1 (CERK1) and LYSIN MOTIF‐CONTAINING RECEPTOR‐LIKE KINASE5.

We performed standard and quantitative confocal laser scanning microscopy on stably transformed A. thaliana plants expressing fluorescently tagged CERK1 and LYK5 from their native promoters. Microscopy approaches were complemented by biochemical analyses in plants and in vitro.

Both CERK1 and LYK5 localized to the plasma membrane and showed constitutive endomembrane trafficking. After chitin treatment, however, CERK1 remained at the plasma membrane while LYK5 relocalized into mobile intracellular vesicles. Detailed analyses revealed that chitin perception transiently induced the internalization of LYK5 into late endocytic compartments. Plants that lacked CERK1 or expressed an enzymatically inactive CERK1 variant did not exhibit chitin‐induced endocytosis of LYK5. CERK1 could phosphorylate LYK5 in vitro and chitin treatment induced CERK1‐dependent phosphorylation of LYK5 in planta.

Our results suggest that chitin‐induced phosphorylation by CERK1 triggers LYK5 internalization. Thus, our work identifies phosphorylation as a key regulatory step in endocytosis of plant RLKs and also provides evidence for receptor complex dissociation after ligand perception.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of interval training versus moderate‐intensity continuous training on body adiposity
Authors: Keating S. E. , Johnson N. A. , Mielke G. I. , Coombes J. S. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryInterval training (including high‐intensity interval training [HIIT] and sprint interval training [SIT]) is promoted in both scientific and lay media as being a superior and time‐efficient method for fat loss compared with traditional moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT). We evaluated the efficacy of HIIT/SIT when directly compared with MICT for the modulation of body adiposity. Databases were searched to 31 August 2016 for studies with exercise training interventions with minimum 4‐week duration. Meta‐analyses were conducted for within‐group and between‐group comparisons for total body fat percentage (%) and fat mass (kg). To investigate heterogeneity, we conducted sensitivity and meta‐regression analyses. Of the 6,074 studies netted, 31 were included. Within‐group analyses demonstrated reductions in total body fat (%) (HIIT/SIT: −1.26 [95% CI: −1.80; −0.72] and MICT: −1.48 [95% CI: −1.89; −1.06]) and fat mass (kg) (HIIT/SIT: −1.38 [95% CI: −1.99; −0.77] and MICT: −0.91 [95% CI: −1.45; −0.37]). There were no differences between HIIT/SIT and MICT for any body fat outcome. Analyses comparing MICT with HIIT/SIT protocols of lower time commitment and/or energy expenditure tended to favour MICT for total body fat reduction (p = 0.09). HIIT/SIT appears to provide similar benefits to MICT for body fat reduction, although not necessarily in a more time‐efficient manner. However, neither short‐term HIIT/SIT nor MICT produced clinically meaningful reductions in body fat.
Proposal of Monorhizochytrium globosum gen. nov., comb. nov. (Stramenopiles, Labyrinthulomycetes) for former Thraustochytrium globosum based on morphological features and phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Doi Kosaku , Honda Daiske 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYThraustochytrium is the type genus of the family Thraustochytriaceae in the class Labyrinthulomycetes. This genus is characterized by zoospore formation, namely, shape of the cell wall of sporangia and presence or absence of a proliferous body. However, there are several issues associated with the taxonomy of this genus, and these include polyphyletic taxa and overlapping of taxonomic features among species. In particular, the first and second species, T. proliferum and T. globosum, were described based on observations of the morphological features of natural samples in the absence of culture conditions. Before addressing the taxonomic issues associated with this genus, it is important to consider the taxonomic features of each species, i.e., the life history under culture conditions and the phylogenetic position. The objective of the present study was to isolate T. globosum, the second described species in the genus Thraustochytrium, from the type locality. We successfully isolated strain NBRC 112723, which exhibited characteristic features of T. globosum. Under culture conditions, strain NBRC 112723 exhibited taxonomic features observed in other thraustochytrid species. Our molecular phylogeny indicated that this strain isolated from the type locality was located in an unidentified thraustochytrid group; moreover, some strains located in this group exhibited characteristic features of strain NBRC 112723. We clearly distinguished T. globosum based on the taxonomic criteria used to classify the T. proliferum type species. Therefore, we propose the establishment of a new genus, Monorhizochytrium, for the species T. globosum in the family Thraustochytriaceae.
Effect of pH on rheotaxis of bull sperm using microfluidics
Authors: El‐sherry TM , Abdel‐Ghani MA , Abou‐Khalil NS , Elsayed M , Abdelgawad M 
Published: May 2017

ContentsThe aim of the present research is to study the effect of pH values on the sperm rheotaxis properties. Semen collected from bulls was diluted with SOF medium (1:10). pH of the medium was adjusted using a digital pH meter to the following pH values: 6.0, 6.2, 6.4, 6.4, 6.8, 7.0. All kinetic parameters of sperm (n = 3,385) were determined through a computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system using microfluidic devices with controlled flow velocity. The following parameters were determined: total motility (TM%), positive rheotaxis (PR%), straightline velocity (VSL, μm/s), average path velocity (VAP, μm/s), linearity (LIN, as VSL/VCL, %), beat cross‐frequency (BCF, Hz) and curvilinear velocity (VCL, μm/s). Nitric oxide, calcium and potassium were estimated in semen at different pH values. To confirm the effect of nitric oxide and K+, we used sodium nitroprusside (an NO donor) and KCL as (a K+ donor) to see their effect on sperm PR%. The results showed no difference in TM% at pH (6–7). The PR% was the lowest at pH 6 and 7. The best parameters for the PR% were at pH 6.4–6.6. The concentration of Ca+2 did not change at different pH values. The mean NO values decreased with the increase of pH; however, the mean values of K+ increased with the increase of pH. Addition of high concentration of NO and K+ to the semen media at fixed pH level had a negative effect on TM% and PR%. In conclusion, the bull sperm had the best rheotaxis properties at pH 6.4–6.6 and sensitive to the change of seminal NO and K+.
Functional status and mortality prediction in community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Jeon Kyeongman , Yoo Hongseok , Jeong Byeong‐Ho , Park Hye Yun , Koh Won‐Jung , Suh Gee Young , Guallar Eliseo 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Background and objectivePoor functional status (FS) has been suggested as a poor prognostic factor in both pneumonia and severe pneumonia in elderly patients. However, it is still unclear whether FS is associated with outcomes and improves survival prediction in community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the general population.MethodsData on hospitalized patients with CAP and FS, assessed by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale were prospectively collected between January 2008 and December 2012. The independent association of FS with 30‐day mortality in CAP patients was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Improvement in mortality prediction when FS was added to the CRB‐65 (confusion, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age 65) score was evaluated for discrimination, reclassification and calibration.ResultsThe 30‐day mortality of study participants (n = 1526) was 10%. Mortality significantly increased with higher ECOG score (P for trend <0.001). In multivariable analysis, ECOG ≥3 was strongly associated with 30‐day mortality (adjusted OR: 5.70; 95% CI: 3.82–8.50). Adding ECOG ≥3 significantly improved the discriminatory power of CRB‐65. Reclassification indices also confirmed the improvement in discrimination ability when FS was combined with the CRB‐65, with a categorized net reclassification index (NRI) of 0.561 (0.437–0.686), a continuous NRI of 0.858 (0.696–1.019) and a relative integrated discrimination improvement in the discrimination slope of 139.8 % (110.8–154.6).Conclusion
FS predicted 30‐day mortality and improved discrimination and reclassification in consecutive CAP patients. Assessment of premorbid FS should be considered in mortality prediction in patients with CAP.
Non-parametric Small Area Models Using Shape-Constrained PenalizedB-Splines
Authors: Wagner Julian , Münnich Ralf , Hill Joachim , Stoffels Johannes , Udelhoven Thomas 
Published: May 2017

SummaryFor the estimation of spruce timber reserves in individual forest districts of the German federal state Rhineland-Palatinate, small area methods are applied. A model using stock values of the state forest inventory and a canopy height model derived by airborne laser scanning is used to provide adequate estimates. Since the interaction between the variables is non-linear and must fulfil further constraints, a new spline-based small area estimation method is proposed, formulated as a quadratic programming problem. This method enables providing realistic estimates via including specialized constraints which are especially important in practice as well as more stable estimates. The applicability of the new method and the related mean-squared-error estimators is shown in a simulation study. Further, spruce timber reserves in Rhineland-Palatinate are estimated by using the new approach compared with already existing methods.
Immunoprotective Effect of Chitosan Particles on Hymenolepis nana – Infected Mice
Authors: Abdel‐Latif M. , El‐Shahawi G. , Aboelhadid S. M. , Abdel‐Tawab H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHymenolepis nana is the most commonly known intestinal cestode infecting mainly human. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of chitosan particles (CSP) to enhance the immune system against H. nana infection. Determination of worm burden, egg output, histopathological changes, oxidative stress markers (lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione), goblet (GCs) and mucosal mast cells (MMCs) counts in intestinal ileum was performed. In addition, levels of intestinal mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐9, stem cell factor (SCF), type I and II interferons (IFN)‐α/ γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, mucin 2 (MUC2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs) were investigated using real‐time PCR. The results indicated induced reductions in adult worm and egg counts in infected mice after CSP treatment. This was associated with improvement in tissue morphometric measurements and oxidative stress which were altered after infection. Expression levels of iNOs, IFN‐α, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and IL‐9 were decreased by CSP. Conversely, expression levels of MUC2, IL‐4 and SCF increased compared to infected untreated group. In addition, GCs and MMCs counts were normalized by CSP. In conclusion, this study could indicate the immunoprotective effect of CSP against H. nana infection. This was characterized with Th2 anti‐inflammatory responses.
Quantification of skin erythema response to topical alcohol in alcohol‐intolerant East Asians
Authors: Aoki Y. , Wehage S. L. , Talalay P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground/PurposeSevere alcohol intolerance characterized by flushing, headache, nausea, and tachycardia even after very modest oral alcohol consumption, is common among East Asians (Chinese, Japanese, Koreans) and has been associated with the accumulation of acetaldehyde resulting from genetic polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). These individuals also display erythema of the skin in response to exposure to topical alcohol. We have recently observed that dietary phytochemicals such as sulforaphane can accelerate the disposal of acetaldehyde from cells and animals by inducing ALDH. The goal of this study was to quantify the erythema response of skin to topical alcohol exposure.MethodsThe erythema response of the forearm skin of healthy Japanese with unusual alcohol sensitivity evoked by a range of very low doses of alcohol (2, 4, 8, and 16 μmol/cm2) was determined by means of a chromometer, which measures a* values (red‐green scale).ResultsThe magnitude of the a* response (∆a*) to alcohol was time‐ and dose‐dependent, but differed considerably among individuals. It was much higher in those individuals who claimed to be alcohol intolerant, and ∆a* was unrelated to the initial a* values of the skin prior to alcohol challenge.ConclusionThe ∆a* index is suitable for the quantitative determination of topical alcohol‐induced erythema response, and the evaluation of effectiveness of protective strategies against erythema response.