bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the myoepithelial cells in the major salivary glands of the fruit bat Artibeus jamaicensis
Authors: Guerrero‐Hernández Julio , Moreno‐Mendoza Norma 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBats constitute one of the most numerous mammalian species. Bats have a wide range of dietary habits and include carnivorous, haematophagous, insectivorous, frugivorous and nectivorous species. The salivary glands of these species have been of particular research interest due to their structural variability among chiropterans with different types of diets. Myoepithelial cells (MECs), which support and facilitate the expulsion of saliva from the secretory portions of salivary glands, are very important for their function; however, this cell type has not been extensively studied in the salivary glands of bats. In this study, we characterized the MECs in the major salivary glands of the fruit bat Artibeus jamaicensis. Herein, we describe the morphology of the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands of A. jamaicensis at the light‐ and electro‐microscopic level and the distribution of MECs in these glands, as defined by their expression of smooth‐muscle markers such as α‐smooth muscle actin (SMAα) and desmin, and of epithelial cell markers, such as KRT14. We found that the anatomical locations of the major salivary glands in this bat species are similar to those of humans, except that the bat sublingual gland appears to be unique, extending to join the contralateral homologous gland. Morphologically, the parotid gland has the characteristics of a mixed‐secretory gland, whereas the submandibular and sublingual glands were identified as mucous‐secretory glands. MECs positive for SMAα, KRT14 and desmin were found in all of the structural components of the three glands, except in their excretory ducts. Desmin is expressed at a lower level in the parotid gland than in the other glands. Our results suggest that the major salivary glands of A. jamaicensis, although anatomically and structurally similar to those of humans, play different physiological roles that can be attributed to the dietary habits of this species.
Multiple comparison procedure and modeling: a versatile tool for evaluating dose–response relationships in veterinary pharmacology – a case study with furosemide
Authors: Bieth B. , Bornkamp B. , Toutain C. , Garcia R. , Mochel J. P. 
Published: May 2016

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a leading cause of mortality with an increasing prevalence in human and canine populations. While furosemide is a loop diuretic prescribed for the majority of CHF patients to reduce fluid retention, it also activates the renin–angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) which further contributes to the accelerated progression of heart failure. Our objective was to quantify the effect of furosemide on diuresis, renin activity (RA), and aldosterone (AL) in dogs, using a combined multiple comparisons and model‐based approach (MCP‐Mod). Twenty‐four healthy beagle dogs were allocated to four treatment groups (saline vs. furosemide 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg i.m., q12 h for 5 days). Data from RA and AL values at furosemide trough concentrations, as well as 24‐h Diuresis, were analyzed using the MCP‐Mod procedure. A combination of Emax models adequately described the dose–response relationships of furosemide for the various endpoints. The dose–response curves of RA and AL were found to be well in agreement, with an apparent shallower slope compared with 24‐h Diuresis. The research presented herein constitutes the first application of MCP‐Mod in Veterinary Medicine. Our data show that furosemide produces a submaximal effect on diuresis at doses lower than those identified to activate the circulating RAAS.
The petrographic description of carbonate facies: are we all speaking the same language?
Authors: Lokier Stephen W. , Al Junaibi Mariam 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBoth academia and industry require consistent and repeatable carbonate lithofacies classifications as a primary input to the construction of depositional, diagenetic and reservoir models, and the Dunham System has long been held to satisfy this requirement. However, ambiguities in the petrographic description of carbonates are widespread. This study investigates the classification of carbonate lithofacies across academia and industry at a wide range of experience levels in order to quantitatively assess reproducibility. Some 241 volunteers, with over 4200 years of combined experience, examined a range of synthetic rock textures and natural lithologies and assigned textures as they saw appropriate. The results of the study identify the situations where classification ambiguities and inconsistencies are most common. The Dunham classification system was proved to be the scheme of choice with 89% of the classifications using some form of the Dunham system. However, all of the 24 samples yielded a wide variability in assigned texture with between 22 and 131 different names being assigned to a single specimen. The most common causes of inconsistency are; errors in assessing the mode of support, mistakes in estimating the size and volume of grains within the lithology, and confusion as to how to classify lithologies in which more than one texture is present. The textures of the modified Dunham Classification System are redefined in order to clarify any classification criteria that have been identified as points of confusion. Detailed classification guidelines are offered in order to minimize the possibility of misidentification or confusion. It is suggested that the term bafflestone is redundant and should be removed from the classification system. The adoption of these guidelines will increase confidence, reliability and value in the petrographic classification of carbonate lithologies, thereby enhancing communication and facilitating the development of more realistically constrained depositional, diagenetic and reservoir models.
High‐frequency (13.56‐MHz) and ultrahigh‐frequency (915‐MHz) radio identification systems do not affect platelet activation and functions
Authors: Rogowska Anna , Chabowska Anna Małgorzata , Lipska Alina , Boczkowska‐Radziwon Barbara , Bujno Magdalena , Rusak Tomasz , Dziemianczuk Mateusz , Radziwon Piotr 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDIn radiofrequency identification (RFID) systems used in labeling of blood components, blood cells are subjected to the direct influence of electromagnetic waves throughout the storage period. The aim of this study was to prove the safety of storage of platelet concentrates (PCs) in containers labeled with RFID tags.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTen pooled PCs obtained from 12 buffy coats each suspended in additive solution were divided into three separate containers that were assigned to three groups: control, PCs labeled with ultrahigh frequency (UHF) range tags and exposed to 915‐MHz radio waves, and PCs labeled with high‐frequency (HF) range tags and exposed to 13.56‐MHz radio waves. PCs were stored at 20 to 24°C for 7 days. In vitro tests of platelet (PLT) function were performed on the first, fifth, and seventh days of storage.RESULTSThere were no significant differences in pH; hypotonic shock resistance; surface expression of CD62P, CD42a, or CD63; release of PLT‐derived microparticles; PLT aggregation; and number of PLTs between PCs stored at a constant exposure to radio waves of two different frequencies and the control group on the first, fifth, and seventh days of storage.CONCLUSIONThe results of the study indicate no impact of electromagnetic radiation generated in HF and UHF RFID systems and constant contact with the tags on the quality of stored PCs.
Technical Note: Improving proton stopping power ratio determination for a deformable silicone‐based 3D dosimeter using dual energy CT
Authors: Taasti Vicki Trier , Høye Ellen Marie , Hansen David Christoffer , Muren Ludvig Paul , Thygesen Jesper , Skyt Peter Sandegaard , Balling Peter , Bassler Niels , Grau Cai , Mierzwińska Gabriela , Rydygier Marzena , Swakoń Jan , Olko Pawel , Petersen Jørgen Breede Baltzer 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:The aim of this study was to investigate whether the stopping power ratio (SPR) of a deformable, silicone‐based 3D dosimeter could be determined more accurately using dual energy (DE) CT compared to using conventional methods based on single energy (SE) CT. The use of SECT combined with the stoichiometric calibration method was therefore compared to DECT‐based determination.Methods:The SPR of the dosimeter was estimated based on its Hounsfield units (HUs) in both a SECT image and a DECT image set. The stoichiometric calibration method was used for converting the HU in the SECT image to a SPR value for the dosimeter while two published SPR calibration methods for dual energy were applied on the DECT images. Finally, the SPR of the dosimeter was measured in a 60 MeV proton by quantifying the range difference with and without the dosimeter in the beam path.Results:The SPR determined from SECT and the stoichiometric method was 1.10, compared to 1.01 with both DECT calibration methods. The measured SPR for the dosimeter material was 0.97.Conclusions:The SPR of the dosimeter was overestimated by 13% using the stoichiometric method and by 3% when using DECT. If the stoichiometric method should be applied for the dosimeter, the HU of the dosimeter must be manually changed in the treatment planning system in order to give a correct SPR estimate. Using a wrong SPR value will cause differences between the calculated and the delivered treatment plans.
Newham’s Every Child a Sports Person (NECaSP): A Summative Process Evaluation of a School- and Community- Based Intervention in East London, United Kingdom
Authors: Curry Whitney B. , Dagkas Symeon , Wilson Marcia 
Published: May 2016

Background:The Newman’s Every Child a Sports Person (NECaSP) intervention aspires to increase sport and physical activity (PA) participation among young people in the United Kingdom. The aims of this article are to report on a summative process evaluation of the NECaSP and make recommendations for future interventions.Methods:Seventeen schools provided data from students aged 11 to 13 years (n = 1226), parents (n = 192), and teachers (n = 14) via direct observation and questionnaires. Means, SDs, and percentages were calculated for sociodemographic data. Qualitative data were analyzed via directed content analysis and main themes identified.Results:Findings indicate further administrative, educational, and financial support will help facilitate the success of the program in improving PA outcomes for young people and of other similar intervention programs globally. Data highlighted the need to engage parents to increase the likelihood of intervention success.Conclusions:One main strength of this study is the mixed-methods nature of the process evaluation. It is recommended that future school-based interventions that bridge sports clubs and formal curriculum provision should consider a broader approach to the delivery of programs throughout the academic year, school week, and school day. Finally, changes in the school curriculum can be successful once all parties are involved (community, school, families).
Correlates of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity in Brazilian Children
Authors: Ferrari Gerson Luis de Moraes , Matsudo Victor , Barreira Tiago V. , Tudor-Locke Catrine , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Fisberg Mauro 
Published: May 2016

Background:Few studies have used ecological models to study multiple levels of association with objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in young children from middle-income countries. The purpose of this study was to examine potential correlates of objectively measured MVPA in Brazilian children.Methods:The sample consisted of 328 children. An Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer was used to monitor MVPA over 7 days. Body mass index and body fat percentage were measured using a bioelectrical impedance scale. Questionnaires completed by the children, their parents, and school personnel queried individual, family and home, and school-level environmental correlates.Results:Children averaged 59.3 min/d in MVPA (44.5% met MVPA guidelines), and 51.8% were overweight/obese. For boys and girls combined, significant correlates (P < .05) of MVPA were waist circumference (β = –.007), travel mode to school (β = .140), maternal employment status (β = –.119) and TV in bedroom (β –.107). In boys, significant correlates of MVPA were waist circumference (β = –.011), travel mode to school (β = .133), and maternal employment status (β = –.195). In girls, the only significant correlate of MVPA was travel mode to school (β = .143).Conclusions:Several factors were identified as correlates of MVPA in Brazilian children; however, only travel mode to school was common for both boys and girls.
The (Possibly Negative) Effects of Physical Activity on Executive Functions: Implications of the Changing Metabolic Costs of Brain Development
Authors: Howard Steven J. , Cook Caylee J. , Said-Mohamed Rihlat , Norris Shane A. , Draper Catherine E. 
Published: May 2016

Background:An area of growth in physical activity research has involved investigating effects of physical activity on children’s executive functions. Many of these efforts seek to increase the energy expenditure of young children as a healthy and low-cost way to affect physical, health, and cognitive outcomes.Methods:We review theory and research from neuroscience and evolutionary biology, which suggest that interventions seeking to increase the energy expenditure of young children must also consider the energetic trade-offs that occur to accommodate changing metabolic costs of brain development.Results:According to Life History Theory, and supported by recent evidence, the high relative energy-cost of early brain development requires that other energy-demanding functions of development (ie, physical growth, activity) be curtailed. This is important for interventions seeking to dramatically increase the energy expenditure of young children who have little excess energy available, with potentially negative cognitive consequences. Less energy-demanding physical activities, in contrast, may yield psychosocial and cognitive benefits while not overburdening an underweight child’s already scarce energy supply.Conclusions:While further research is required to establish the extent to which increases in energy-demanding physical activities may compromise or displace energy available for brain development, we argue that action cannot await these findings.
CXCL10 Acts as a Bifunctional Antimicrobial Molecule against Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Margulieux Katie R. , Fox Jay W. , Nakamoto Robert K. , Hughes Molly A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Bacillus anthracis
is killed by the interferon-inducible, ELR(−) CXC chemokine CXCL10. Previous studies showed that disruption of the gene encoding FtsX, a conserved membrane component of the ATP-binding cassette transporter-like complex FtsE/X, resulted in resistance to CXCL10. FtsX exhibits some sequence similarity to the mammalian CXCL10 receptor, CXCR3, suggesting that the CXCL10 N-terminal region that interacts with CXCR3 may also interact with FtsX. A C-terminal truncated CXCL10 was tested to determine if the FtsX-dependent antimicrobial activity is associated with the CXCR3-interacting N terminus. The truncated CXCL10 exhibited antimicrobial activity against the
B. anthracis
parent strain but not the Δ
ftsX
mutant, which supports a key role for the CXCL10 N terminus. Mutations in FtsE, the conserved ATP-binding protein of the FtsE/X complex, resulted in resistance to both CXCL10 and truncated CXCL10, indicating that both FtsX and FtsE are important. Higher concentrations of CXCL10 overcame the resistance of the Δ
ftsX
mutant to CXCL10, suggesting an FtsX-independent killing mechanism, likely involving its C-terminal α-helix, which resembles a cationic antimicrobial peptide. Membrane depolarization studies revealed that CXCL10 disrupted membranes of the
B. anthracis
parent strain and the Δ
ftsX
mutant, but only the parent strain underwent depolarization with truncated CXCL10. These findings suggest that CXCL10 is a bifunctional molecule that kills
B. anthracis
by two mechanisms. FtsE/X-dependent killing is mediated through an N-terminal portion of CXCL10 and is not reliant upon the C-terminal α-helix. The FtsE/X-independent mechanism involves membrane depolarization by CXCL10, likely because of its α-helix. These findings present a new paradigm for understanding mechanisms by which CXCL10 and related chemokines kill bacteria.

IMPORTANCE
Chemokines are a class of molecules known for their chemoattractant properties but more recently have been shown to possess antimicrobial activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The mechanism(s) by which these chemokines kill bacteria is not well understood, but it is generally thought to be due to the conserved amphipathic C-terminal α-helix that resembles cationic antimicrobial peptides in charge and secondary structure. Our present study indicates that the interferon-inducible, ELR(−) chemokine CXCL10 kills the Gram-positive pathogen
Bacillus anthracis
through multiple molecular mechanisms. One mechanism is mediated by interaction of CXCL10 with the bacterial FtsE/X complex and does not require the presence of the CXCL10 C-terminal α-helix. The second mechanism is FtsE/X receptor independent and kills through membrane disruption due to the C-terminal α-helix. This study represents a new paradigm for understanding how chemokines exert an antimicrobial effect that may prove applicable to other bacterial species.
Correlation of imaging and histopathology of thrombi in acute ischemic stroke with etiology and outcome: a systematic review
Authors: Brinjikji Waleed , Duffy Sharon , Burrows Anthony , Hacke Werner , Liebeskind David , Majoie Charles B L M , Dippel Diederik W J , Siddiqui Adnan H , Khatri Pooja , Baxter Blaise , Nogeuira Raul , Gounis Matt , Jovin Tudor , Kallmes David F 
Published: May 2016

Background and purposeStudying the imaging and histopathologic characteristics of thrombi in ischemic stroke could provide insights into stroke etiology and ideal treatment strategies. We conducted a systematic review of imaging and histologic characteristics of thrombi in acute ischemic stroke.Materials and methodsWe identified all studies published between January 2005 and December 2015 that reported findings related to histologic and/or imaging characteristics of thrombi in acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion. The five outcomes examined in this study were (1) association between histologic composition of thrombi and stroke etiology; (2) association between histologic composition of thrombi and angiographic outcomes; (3) association between thrombi imaging and histologic characteristics; (4) association between thrombi imaging characteristics and angiographic outcomes; and (5) association between imaging characteristics of thrombi and stroke etiology. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the proportion of red blood cell (RBC)-rich thrombi between cardioembolic and large artery atherosclerosis etiologies (OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.1 to 28.0, p=0.63). Patients with a hyperdense artery sign had a higher odds of having RBC-rich thrombi than those without a hyperdense artery sign (OR 9.0, 95% CI 2.6 to 31.2, p<0.01). Patients with a good angiographic outcome had a mean thrombus Hounsfield unit (HU) of 55.1±3.1 compared with a mean HU of 48.4±1.9 for patients with a poor angiographic outcome (mean standard difference 6.5, 95% CI 2.7 to 10.2, p<0.001). There was no association between imaging characteristics and stroke etiology (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.32 to 4.00, p=0.85).ConclusionsThe hyperdense artery sign is associated with RBC-rich thrombi and improved recanalization rates. However, there was no association between the histopathological characteristics of thrombi and stroke etiology and angiographic outcomes.
Sugar beet response to rotation and conservation management in a 12-year irrigated study in southern Alberta
Authors: Larney Francis J. , Nitschelm Jennifer J. , Regitnig Peter J. , Pearson Drusilla C. , Blackshaw Robert E. , Lupwayi Newton Z. 
Published: May 2016

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) has a long history as an option for irrigated crop rotations in southern Alberta. A 12-yr (2000–2011) study compared conservation (CONS) and conventional (CONV) management for sugar beet in 4- to 6-yr rotations which also included dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Oat (Avena sativa L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) were included in the longest 6-yr rotation. Conservation management incorporated reduced tillage, cover crops, feedlot manure compost addition, and solid-seeded dry bean. Compared with a 4-yr CONV rotation (52.2 Mg ha−1), sugar beet root yield (averaged over the second 6 yr of the study, 2006–2011) was significantly higher, by 11%, on 4- and 5-yr CONS rotations (57.7–57.9 Mg ha−1), and by 8% on a 6-yr CONS rotation (56.1 Mg ha−1). Sugar beet impurity parameters were significantly affected by rotation in, at most, 3 of 12 yr. However, averaged over the final 6 yr of the study (2006–2011), a significantly higher K concentration (impurity) was found with CONS (2108 mg kg−1) vs. CONV (1958 mg kg−1) management. Integrating CONS management practices into sugar beet rotations led to significant yield benefits while effects on sugar beet quality were minimal.
Model Selection Management Systems
Authors: Kumar Arun , McCann Robert , Naughton Jeffrey , Patel Jignesh M. 
Published: May 2016

John Boyd recognized in the 1960's the importance of situation awareness for military operations and introduced the notion of the OODA loop (Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act). Today we realize that many applications have to deal with situation awareness: Customer Relationship Management, Human Capital Management, Supply Chain Management, patient care, power grid management, and cloud services management, as well as any IoT (Internet of Things) related application; the list seems to be endless. Situation awareness requires applications to support the management of data, knowledge, processes, and other services such as social networking in an integrated way. These applications additionally require high personalization as well as rapid and continuous evolution. They must provide a wide variety of operational and functional requirements, including real time processing.
Handcrafting these applications is an almost impossible task requiring exhaustive resources for development and maintenance. Due to the resources and time involved in their development, these applications typically fall way short of the desired functionality, operational characteristics, and ease and speed of evolution. We - the authors - have developed a model enabling the development and maintenance of situation-aware applications in a declarative and therefore economical manner; we call this model KIDS - Knowledge Intensive Data-processing System.