bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrial fibrillation and the risk of myocardial infarction: a nation-wide propensity-matched study
Authors: Lee Hye Young , Yang Pil-Sung , Kim Tae-Hoon , Uhm Jae-Sun , Pak Hui-Nam , Lee Moon-Hyoung , Joung Boyoung 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn addition to being an established complicating factor for myocardial infarction (MI), recent studies have revealed that atrial fibrillation (AF) increased risk of MI. This study is to evaluate the risk of MI associated with AF in a nationwide population based cohort. We examine the association between AF and incident MI in 497,366 adults from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, who were free of AF and MI at baseline. AF group (n = 3,295) was compared with propensity matched no-AF group (n = 13,159). Over 4.2 years of follow up, 137 MI events occurred. AF was associated with 3-fold increased risk of MI (HR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.22–4.37) in both men (HR, 2.91; 95% CI 1.91–4.45) and women (HR, 3.52; 95% CI 2.01–6.17). The risk of AF-associated MI was higher in patients free of hypertension, diabetes, ischemic stroke, and dyslipidemia at baseline. The cumulative incidence of AF-associated MI was lower in patients on anticoagulant and statin therapies. Our finding suggests that AF complications beyond stoke should extend to total mortality to include MI.
A method for mapping and quantifying whole organ diffusion-weighted image distortion in MR imaging of the prostate
Authors: Gill Andrew B. , Czarniecki Marcin , Gallagher Ferdia A. , Barrett Tristan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA computational algorithm was designed to produce a measure of DW image distortion across the prostate. This algorithm was tested and validated on virtual phantoms incorporating known degrees and distributions of distortion. A study was then carried out on DW image volumes from three sets of 10 patients who had been imaged previously. These volumes had been radiologically assessed to have, respectively, ‘no distortion’ or ‘significant distortion’ or the potential for ‘significant distortion’ due to susceptibility effects from hip prostheses. Prostate outlines were drawn on a T2-weighted (T2W) image ‘gold-standard’ volume and on an ADC image volume derived from DW images acquired over the same region. The algorithm was then applied to these outlines to quantify and map image distortion. The proposed method correctly reproduced known distortion values and distributions in virtual phantoms. It also successfully distinguished between the three groups of patients: mean distortion in ‘non-distorted’ image volumes, 1.942 ± 0.582 mm; ‘distorted’, 4.402 ± 1.098 mm; and ‘hip patients’ 8.083 ± 4.653 mm; P < 0.001. This work has demonstrated and validated a means of quantifying and mapping image distortion in clinical prostate MRI cases.
Multi-technique investigation of the binary fraction of A-F type candidate hybrid variable stars discovered byKepler
Authors: Lampens P. , Frémat Y. , Vermeylen L. , Sódor Á. , Skarka M. , De Cat P. , Bognár Zs. , De Nutte R. , Dumortier L. , Escorza A. , Oomen G. M. , Van de Steene G. , Kamath D. , Laverick M. , Samadi A. , Triana S. , Lehmann H. 
Published: September 2017

Context.Hundreds of candidate hybrid pulsators of intermediate type A–F were revealed by recent space missions. Hybrid pulsators allow us to study the full stellar interiors, where both low-orderp- and high-orderg-modes are simultaneously excited. The true hybrid stars must be identified since other processes, related to stellar multiplicity or rotation, might explain the presence of (some) low frequencies observed in their periodograms.Aims.We measured the radial velocities of 50 candidateδScuti −γDoradus hybrid stars from theKeplermission with theHermesandacespectrographs over a time span of months to years. We aim to derive the fraction of binary and multiple systems and to provide an independent and homogeneous determination of the atmospheric properties andvsinifor all targets. The long(er)-term objective is to identify the (probable) physical cause of the low frequencies.Methods.We computed one-dimensional cross-correlation functions (CCFs) in order to find the best set of parameters in terms of the number of components, spectral type(s), andvsinifor each target. Radial velocities were measured using spectrum synthesis and a two-dimensional cross-correlation technique in the case of double- and triple-lined systems. Fundamental parameters were determined by fitting (composite) synthetic spectra to the normalised median spectra corrected for the appropriate Doppler shifts.Results.We report on the analysis of 478 high-resolutionHermesand 41acespectra of A/F-type candidate hybrid pulsators from theKeplerfield. We determined their radial velocities, projected rotational velocities, and atmospheric properties and classified our targets based on the shape of the CCFs and the temporal behaviour of the radial velocities. We derived orbital solutions for seven new systems. Three preliminary long-period orbital solutions are confirmed by a photometric time-delay analysis. Finally, we determined a global multiplicity fraction of 27% in our sample of candidate hybrid stars.
Migration of Guidewire: A Rare Complication during Arterial Cannulation in a Patient on Intra-arterial Balloon Pump
Authors: Das Sucharita , Kanchi Muralidhar , Khanolkar Uday 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSeldinger's technique is frequently used for percutaneous vascular access. This technique has been used for several years successfully for placement of cannulae/catheters into the arterial or venous system without the need for cut-down and with minimal trauma to surrounding structures. In fact, this technique has been adapted to introduce angiography catheters, chest tubes, cricothyroidotomy, tracheostomy, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, etc. Though inherently safe, this technique may be associated with several complications and guidewire-related complication that may be potentially serious, though rare.
Cardiac Three-Dimensional Printing Using Noninvasive Modalities: Will It Revolutionize Cardiac Care?
Authors: Ahmad Amier , Nanda Navin , Bartel Thomas , McElwee Samuel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a tool for clinicians to understand the underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology of these disorders in a simulated setting. Three-dimensional printing consists of manipulating a two-dimensional (2D) image obtained via noninvasive modalities, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or 3D echocardiography, to a 3D dataset and then finally into a physical model. Three-dimensional printing allows for creation of specific models in a variety of diseases such as cardiac shunts that can be visualized by surgeons prior to device placement in a matter of hours. Further, cardiac tumors, which typically invade the myocardium, have been replicated to allow surgeons the ability to plan procedures prior to any incision. This creates the potential for propagation of error within the health field. Three-dimensional printing has emerged as a tool for clinicians to understand the underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology of these disorders in a simulated setting though standardization of the technique is yet awaited.
Management of the Cephalically Malpositioned Lower Lateral Crus in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty
Authors: Kovacevic Milos , Friedman Oren , Riedel Frank , Wurm Jochen , Bran Gregor 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCephalic malposition of the lower lateral cartilages (LLC) gained increasing awareness as a distinct anatomical entity within the last years. It has become clear that this type of deformity is not amenable to traditional rhinoplasty techniques. Repositioning of the lateral crus of the LLC enables the surgeon to achieve significant and reliable changes in the shape and function of the nose. The authors present their technique for repositioning of the cephalically malpositioned LLC. Their method is based on a turn-in flap that is positioned along the caudal margin of the repositioned LLC. This flap straightens a convex LLC and gives reliable structural support to the caudal alar margin. In this article, they discuss the various indications of this technique, introduce a new, more precise concept for evaluation of the axis of the lateral crus of the LLC, and highlight additional details of this reliable technique.
Comprehensive Diagnosis and Planning for the Difficult Rhinoplasty Patient: Applications in Ultrasonography and Treatment of the Soft-Tissue Envelope
Authors: Kosins Aaron 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRhinoplasty is one of the most complicated operations that a plastic surgeon will encounter. In the early history of rhinoplasty, operations were done with a closed approach, and the structures were shrouded in mystery while surgeons relied on surface aesthetics for diagnosis and treatment. Finally, with the advent of the extended open approach, power tools, and piezosurgery, the whole bony pyramid can be directly visualized, shaped, and sculpted. Osteotomies can be done under direct vision with high precision. Using this approach, every part of the osseocartilaginous vault and nasal tip can now be directly observed, diagnosed, and surgically treated. However, this only occurs once the patient is in the operating room. This article will detail the diagnosis and treatment of the difficult soft-tissue envelope of the nose. It will also describe the use of ultrasonography for preoperative planning as well as postoperatively for diagnosis and treatment during the healing period and for planning possible revision and secondary surgery.
Fibrinolytic Therapy Improves Outcomes in Patients with Epidural Hematomas Following Cranioplasty: A Pilot Study
Authors: Peng Aijun , Qi Wentao , Cao Demao , Zhao Yi , Gao Kai , Cheng Cheng , Wu Yongkang 
Published: September 2017

Background and Study Aims Cranioplasty is a cosmetic procedure utilized to reconstruct cranial defects in patients following decompressive craniectomy. Epidural hematomas are a common complication of cranioplasty and often require surgical drainage. However, repeated surgery compromises patient safety and delays recovery.
Material and Methods We investigated the development of epidural hematomas among 131 patients who underwent cranioplasty. Then we explored the efficacy of urokinase (UK) injection for the noninvasive treatment of epidural hematomas. We observed that 15 patients presented with epidural hematoma following cranioplasty. UK (30,000 IU/3 mL) was injected into the hematoma cavity twice every 12 hours in the first postoperative day. Next we closed the subgaleal drain for 1.5 hours and connected it with a negative-pressure ball on full vacuum to allow drainage. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors associated with the development of epidural hematomas.
Results Our findings demonstrated that a sunken skin flap was a risk factor for epidural hematoma formation (p = 0.006). The decrease in epidural hematoma volume was 35.27 ± 7.27 mL in the first 12 hours on postoperative day 1 after UK treatment. All treated patients whose Glasgow Coma Scale score did not significantly change despite the epidural hematoma had an uneventful recovery without additional complications and were discharged from the hospital, except for one patient.
Conclusion Fibrinolytic therapy can be considered an optional treatment for postoperative epidural hematoma associated with cranioplasty, especially in patients who refused further operative treatment or who are not optimal candidates for a second surgery.
IVIG-Associated Maternal Pancytopenia during Treatment for Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Herrmann Alyssa , Samelson-Jones Benjamin , Brake Sami , Samelson Renee 
Published: September 2017

Background Treatment for neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) primarily involves maternal administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy and prednisone according to protocols based on risk stratification. While IVIG is generally well tolerated, hematologic side effects are a potential complication.
Case We present the successful management of a rare complication of maternal pancytopenia following standard IVIG treatment. Diagnosis was made during routine obstetric exams. Management included reducing IVIG dosage and adding daily prednisone. Additionally, infusion Lots possibly associated with the event were identified and avoided. Interventions resulted in the resolution of pancytopenia and the birth of a healthy infant without thrombocytopenia.
Conclusion Pancytopenia is a rare complication of IVIG treatment in women with pregnancies complicated by NAIT. Serial complete blood counts at the time of treatment would allow for early detection and timely management of the patient. Additionally, limiting the number of infusion Lots may decrease the chance of the described complications.
Glasgow Blatchford Score of limited benefit for low-risk urban patients: a mixed methods study
Authors: Leiman David , Mills Angela , Shofer Frances , Weber Andrew , Leiman Erin , Riff Brian , Lewis James , Mehta Shivan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Most patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) are hospitalized. Risk-stratifying UGIB with scoring tools may decrease avoidable admissions, thereby reducing the cost of care. We sought to describe how frequently low-risk UGIB patients present to urban emergency departments (ED) and the proportion who are admitted to examine how incorporating risk scores into decision support might diminish healthcare utilization in this population.
Patients and methods This is a retrospective cohort study of ED patients presenting from 2009 – 2013 to three urban hospitals that do not use electronic UGIB decision support. We used ED disposition diagnosis codes (ICD-9) to identify patients followed by manual chart review for verification and additional data collection. Patients with a Glasgow Blatchford Score (GBS) of 0 were classified as low risk. We also surveyed ED physicians at these hospitals to assess their beliefs about UGIB decision support.
Results Over the study period, 66 patients (13.2 per year) presented to the ED with low-risk UGIB. Of these, 10 patients (15.2 %) were admitted and none required endoscopic hemostasis. Most survey respondents (55.6 %, n = 20) were aware of UGIB risk scores but a minority (19.4 %, n = 7) used one.
Conclusions Low-risk UGIB patients infrequently present to the ED and only a minority are admitted. Despite advocacy to incorporate decision support into routine clinical care, ED physicians independently identified low risk patients. There is insufficient evidence to suggest the magnitude of this problem is large enough to warrant implementation of decision support for low risk UGIB.
The within-participant Correlation between s-RPE and Heart Rate in Youth Sport
Authors: Scantlebury Sean , Till Kevin , Atkinson Greg , Sawczuk Tom , Jones Ben 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe monitoring of training load is important to ensure athletes are adapting optimally to a training stimulus. Before quantification of training load can take place, coaches must be confident that the tools available are accurate. We aimed to quantify the within-participant correlation between the session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and summated heart rate zone (sHRz) methods of monitoring internal training load. Training load (s-RPE and heart rate) data were collected for rugby, soccer and field hockey field-based training sessions over a 14-week in-season period. A total of 397 sessions were monitored (rugby n=170, soccer n=114 and field hockey n=113). Within-subject correlations between s-RPE and sHRz were quantified for each sport using a general linear model. Large correlations between s-RPE and the sHRz method were found for rugby (r=0.68; 95% CI 0.59–0.75) and field hockey (r=0.60; 95% CI 0.47–0.71) with a very large correlation found for soccer (r=0.72; 95% CI 0.62–0.80). No significant differences were found between the correlations for each sport. The very large and large correlations found between s-RPE and the sHRz methods support the use of s-RPE in quantifying internal training load in youth sport.
Effect of Butyrate and Inulin Supplementation on Glycemic Status, Lipid Profile and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Level in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Roshanravan Neda , Mahdavi Reza , Alizadeh Effat , Jafarabadi Mohammad , Hedayati Mehdi , Ghavami Abed , Alipour Shahriar , Alamdari Naimeh , Barati Meisam , Ostadrahimi Alireza 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStudies on humans with diabetes mellitus showed that the crosstalk between the intestinal microbiota and the host has a key role in controlling the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium butyrate and high performance inulin supplementation simultaneously or singly on glycemic status, lipid profile, and glucagon-like peptide 1 level in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sixty patients were recruited for the study. The participants were randomly allocated, using randomized block procedure, to one of the four treatment groups (A, B, C, or D). Group A received sodium butyrate capsules, group B received inulin supplement powder, group C was exposed to the concomitant use of inulin and sodium butyrate, and group D consumed placebo for 45 consecutive days. Markers of glycemia, lipid profile, and glucagon-like peptide 1 were measured pre- and post-intervention. Dietary supplementation in groups A, B, and C significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure in comparison with the placebo group (p<0.05). Also, intra-group statistical analysis showed that only treatment with sodium butyrate + inulin (group C) significantly reduced fasting blood sugar (p=0.049) and waist to hip ratio (p=0.020). Waist circumference in groups B and C reduced significantly after the intervention (p=0.007 and p=0.011; respectively). The post hoc Tukey tests showed significant increase in glucagon-like peptide 1 concentration in groups A and C in comparison with group D (p<0.05). The results suggest that inulin supplementation may be useful to diabetic patients and these effects could be increased with butyrate supplement.
Symptoms of common mental disorders and related stressors in Danish professional football and handball
Authors: Kilic Özgür , Aoki Haruhito , Haagensen Rasmus , Jensen Claus , Johnson Urban , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , Gouttebarge Vincent 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe aim of the study was twofold, namely (i) to determine the prevalence of symptoms of common mental disorders (CMDs) among current and retired professional football and handball players and (ii) to explore the relationship of psychosocial stressors with the outcome measures under study. A total of 1155 players were enrolled in an observational study based on a cross‐sectional design. Questionnaires based on validated scales were set up and distributed among current and retired professional football and handball players by the Danish football and handball players’ union. In professional football, the highest prevalence (4 weeks) of symptoms of CMDs was 18% and 19% for anxiety/depression among current and retired players, respectively. In professional handball, the highest prevalence (4 weeks) of symptoms of CMDs was 26% and 16% for anxiety/depression among current and retired players, respectively. For both the current and retired professional football and handball players, a higher number of severe injuries and recent adverse life events (LE) were related to the presence of symptoms of CMD. Players exposed to severe injuries and/or recent adverse LE were 20–50% times more likely to report symptoms of CMD. The results suggest that it is possible to recognize the population of professional athletes that are more likely to develop symptoms of CMD. This could create the opportunity to intervene preventively on athletes that suffered from severe injury and/or recent adverse LE that could lead to a faster and safer recovery and psychological readiness to return to play.
Evaluation of malingering in corrections
Authors: Knoll James L. 
Published: September 2017

Recognizing when someone is not being truthful is challenging. Multiple tests of malingering have been developed for forensic purposes. Malingered mental illness in the correctional setting poses a complicated dilemma. Many factors change the typical presentation and detection strategies, and inaccurate determinations have serious consequences. Detection requires a thorough knowledge of the characteristics of genuine psychiatric illness, a systematic approach to evaluation, identification of objective indicators, and use of scientifically validated psychological tests when necessary. The detection of malingering in corrections is necessary to ensure the judicious use of limited resources, and to bring diagnostic accuracy to assessments. A comprehensive, systematic approach is required. The clinician must assemble evidence from a thorough evaluation, clinical records, collateral data, and psychological testing when necessary. A conclusion of malingering is best supported with multiple factual bases. The correctional setting provides many unique challenges to detecting malingered mental illness. The finding that an inmate patient has malingered symptoms does not rule out the presence of true mental illness, and a determination of malingering should not exclude the inmate from receiving needed mental health services. How structured tests and other clinical skills may be used in treatment decisions in jail and prison settings is the content of this chapter.
A Battle for Control
Authors: Koenig K. Alexa 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter offers insights gleaned from 78 interviews with former Guantánamo detainees to illustrate the ways in which the learning theory of torture is helpful for better integrating victims’ experiences into legal definitions. Shaped around former detainees’ reports about their worst detention-related experiences, this chapter illustrates how a lack of control, and a sense of both hopelessness and helplessness, exacerbated their overall distress. From a normative perspective, this chapter suggests that the Convention Against Torture’s current definition of torture fails to adequately reflect the experiences of victims, and that incorporating a learning theory of torture into legal analyses holds tremendous promise for better aligning legal prohibitions with antitorture policies and empirical realities.
Domestic Violence and Torture
Authors: Şalcıoğlu Ebru , Başoğlu Metin 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Although gender-based violations, including rape and domestic violence, are already recognized as torture in international law, their commonalities with torture have not been adequately investigated. This chapter is intended as a “case study” to demonstrate the conceptual, contextual, and definitional commonalities between torture and domestic violence from a psychological perspective. A direct comparison of 228 domestic violence survivors with 109 tortured women showed that domestic violence was not distinguishable from torture in the nature and severity of trauma, its mental effects, and the psychological processes that lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Loss of control over life through deprivation of liberty contributed to PTSD and depression independently of acts of violence. These findings suggest that both torture and domestic violence share the same contextual characteristic: helplessness under the control of others. As such, they support recognition of domestic violence as torture by international law.