bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postmarketing Analysis of Eosinophilic Adverse Reactions in the use of Biologic Therapies for Type 2 Inflammatory Conditions
Authors: Gershnabel Milk Dafna , Lam Kent K. , Han Joseph K. 
Published: September 2024

Background Temporary eosinophilia is a potential adverse reaction of monoclonal antibody therapies in the treatment of a variety of type 2 inflammatory conditions, including asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). The pathophysiology, epidemiology, and clinical significance of eosinophilia and eosinophilic adverse reactions following the initiation of biologic therapy are unclear. Objectives To describe the postmarketing, eosinophilic adverse reactions with clinical significance in patients treated with the 3 biologic therapies approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for CRSwNP: dupilumab, omalizumab, and mepolizumab. Methods The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Public Dashboard was searched for eosinophilic adverse reactions related to dupilumab, omalizumab, and mepolizumab treatments from November 2004 to December 2022. Data regarding each of the eosinophilic adverse reactions were extracted and analyzed. Results A total of 218, 270, and 134 reports of eosinophilic adverse reactions were reported among patients who were treated with dupilumab, omalizumab, and mepolizumab, respectively. The most common eosinophilic adverse reaction was eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (338 patients), followed by eosinophilic respiratory tract reactions (158 patients). The most common indication for biological treatment among the reaction groups was asthma. Conclusions Eosinophilic adverse reactions are rare but consequential complications of biological treatment. They are more common among patients treated for asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Measuring and monitoring blood eosinophil levels may be appropriate in specific clinical instances when patients are started on different biologic therapies for type 2 inflammatory conditions.
Multicentre study comparing outcomes of RIRS using traditional suction ureteral access sheath (SUAS) and flexible and navigable suction UAS (FANS)
Authors: Ong Chloe Shu Hui , Somani Bhaskar Kumar , Chew Ben Hall , Fong Khi Yung , Bin Hamri Saeed , Sridharan Vikram , Ragoori Deepak , Soebhali Boyke , Tiong Ho Yee , Heng Chin Tiong , Wong Michael , Gadzhiev Nariman , Teoh Jeremy Yuen-Chun , Castellani Daniele , Traxer Olivier , Gauhar Vineet 
Published: September 2024

Objective: We aim to compare the stone-free rate (SFR), complications, and re-treatment rates in retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) using a traditional suction ureteral access sheath (SUAS) with the more advanced flexible and navigable suction UAS (FANS). Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent RIRS using SUAS versus FANS across five institutions internationally as part of an audit. We analysed baseline and pre-operative characteristics such as stone location and density, intra-operative characteristics such as type of ureteroscope and laser, laser, and fluoroscopy time, as well as post-operative complications and residual fragments (RFs). Results: A total of 45 patients were included in each arm, with no significant difference in baseline characteristics. The commonest sheath size in the FANS group was 10–12 Fr (64.4%), while 11–13 Fr was preferred in SUAS (73.3%). Despite similar lasers (thulium fibre laser (TFL) and high-power holmium laser with MOSES), stone dusting (48.9%) and popcorning (95.6%) were carried out in FANS with minimal need for baskets (4.4%), while popcorning (64.4%) and basket extraction (40.0%) were required in SUAS. Although FANS had significantly longer operative times (65 minutes versus 55 minutes), it also had significantly higher rates of 100% SFR (80.0% versus 13.3%), and lower rates of clinically significant residual fragment (CSRF) (8.9% versus 53.3%), clinically insignificant residual fragment (CIRF) (11.1% versus 33.3%), and reintervention for CSRF (4.4% versus 37.8%). In addition, minor complications such as intra-operative oozing from mucosa not requiring intervention (8.9% versus 31.1%) and post-operative fever (11.1% versus 40.0%) were less common in FANS. On additional multivariate analysis, FANS was the only significant factor for higher SFR. Discussion and conclusion: The results of our study demonstrate that with its flexible and navigable tip, FANS proves advantageous over SUAS in terms of improving immediate SFR with negligible complications. By navigating the sheath into targeted individual calyces, fragments and dust are more successfully aspirated. FANS can therefore help to achieve the trifecta of high single-stage SFR, minimal minor and no major complications, and negligible reintervention rates. Level of evidence: Not applicable.
Towards digital readiness of evidence-based practice in a regional cancer center using role-based business process and data modeling
Authors: Odeh Yousra , Al-Ruzzieh Majeda , Al Rifai Anwar , Mustafa Hiba , Odeh Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Evidence-based practice is a problem-based solving approach to clinical practice that encourages nurses providing personalized patient care while utilizing the necessary scientific evidence for a better understanding of risks and benefits of diagnostic tests and treatments. Digital transformation of an organization begins with attaining an acceptable digital readiness level. One approach entails specifying and modeling their processes and the respective data models. Objectives In Jordan, at King Hussein Cancer Center—an international and regional accredited cancer care hospital—their nursing practice requires obtaining a standardized specification of evidence-based practice processes and their respective conceptual data model that is currently not specified for digital readiness. Methods The design science research methodology was adopted to deliver two increments. The first was concerned with the design, development, and demonstration of eight evidence-based practice processes specified using BPMN. The second was related to the design and development, demonstration, and evaluation of a respective derived data model of the case study. Both increments involved interviews with domain experts for elicitation and validation. Results Eight evidence-based practice process models were identified and specified using BPMN along with their associated data models, where one representative process model was utilized in this research to demonstrate the effectiveness of process and data modeling towards digital readiness of evidence-based practice in regional cancer center. Conclusions Both deliverables enabled the evidence-based practice management to attain common understanding to identify inefficiencies, redundancies, and areas for improvement that can be addressed through digital solutions. Evidence -based practice BPMN process models were considered as a road map to follow up a project implementation and a rich visualization to perform data analytics to identify evidence-based practice trends, patterns, and insights that can inform strategic data-driven decisions. Both deliverables were concluded necessary for developing respective information systems in the journey towards digital transformation.
The Impact of Diabetes Education by Clinical Pharmacist on Quality of Life and Treatment Satisfaction of Sudanese Individuals With Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial
Authors: Badi Safaa , Suliman Sara Zainelabdein , Almahdi Rayan , Aldomah Mohammed A. , Ahmed Mohamed H. , Elkheir Habab Khalid , Ibrahim Mohamed Izham Mohamed 
Published: September 2024

Background: Patients’ satisfaction with their treatment directly impacts the control of their diabetes. Quality of life is crucial for patients with diabetes mellitus to maintain long-term health and minimize complications. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of diabetes education on quality of life (QoL) and treatment satisfaction of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The current study was a randomized controlled trial. Patients with type 2 diabetes who were attending the diabetes clinic for 1 year were recruited. The overall sample in this study was 364 participants; 182 controls 182 cases. The interventional and control group participants were assigned randomly by simple random sampling technique. Controls were managed per usual care while cases were managed per usual care plus education done by the researcher. Pre-structured standardized questionnaires were used to collect the data. Data were processed and analyzed by using SPSS; version 28. Results: More than three-fourth of the participants; 76.4% were females. The average (±SD) age of the cases was 54.5 (±10) years, while was 56 (±9.8) years for controls. The overall median (IQR) years of DM diagnosis for all participants was 8 (4-14) years. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the mean satisfaction score from baseline to 12 months in the cases compared the controls ( P < .001). Furthermore, there are statistically insignificant differences between the changes of mean overall QoL score from baseline to 12 months among the 2 groups. Conclusion: The education provided improved self-reported treatment-satisfaction among individuals with diabetes .A statistically insignificant differences in QoL between the 2 groups compared to baseline have been shown at the study end. The trial registration number is PACTR202311766174946 which was registered by pan African clinical trials registry, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=26928 .
Vaccination practices and knowledge among adults with hemoglobinopathies in Greece: a nationwide survey
Authors: Delicou Sophia , Manganas Konstantinos , Xydaki Aikaterini , Evliati Loukia , Myrilla Ioanna , Rubatis Leonidas , Kostaridou Stavroula 
Published: September 2024

Background: Hemoglobinopathies, such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia, are genetic disorders that affect hemoglobin structure or production, leading to various health complications, including an increased risk of infections. Vaccinations play a crucial role in managing these conditions by providing essential protection against preventable diseases. Ensuring timely and appropriate immunizations is vital for reducing infection-related morbidity and improving the overall health and quality of life for affected individuals. Objectives: Our objective was to assess vaccination coverage, as well as knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward vaccination in Greek patients with hemoglobinopathies. Design and methods: A nationwide survey of hemoglobinopathy patients in Greece using a 37-item questionnaire was conducted anonymously via Google Forms. It covered demographics, previous vaccinations, vaccine-preventable infections, beliefs about vaccines, and antibiotic prophylaxis post-splenectomy. The survey was distributed through Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Units and organizations. Results: Participants were predominantly university-educated married women aged 30–50 years with transfusion-depended thalassemia ( n = 149, 60.5%) or sickle cell anemia ( n = 52, 21.1%). Reported childhood vaccination rates aligned with Greece’s national immunization program. However, adult coverage was suboptimal across all age groups for measles (10%), varicella (27%), zoster (2% for over 50 years old individuals), hepatitis A (13.9% of those with chronic liver disease) and hepatitis B (41%), pneumococcal (81.3%), meningococcal (37%), tetanus (20.3%), and influenza (67.1%) vaccines compared to guidelines. Participants relied predominantly on healthcare providers for vaccine information but perceived limited engagement. Those over age 50 demonstrated lower adult vaccination rates and higher misconceptions compared to younger cohorts. Conclusion: Addressing educational and access gaps could help protect this vulnerable population. Our findings highlight the need for coordinated efforts to optimize adult immunization for those with hemoglobinopathies.
Marriage migration, intimacy and genre in Helen Hoang’s The Bride Test (2019) and Brigitte Bautista’s You, Me, U.S. (2019)
Authors: Burge Amy 
Published: September 2024

A significant strand of cultural and social studies research on late modernity has focused on intimacies; in particular, ‘mediated intimacies’ (Attwood et al., 2017; Barker et al., 2018; Gill, 2009), exploring how the media, in its various forms, represents and affects intimate relationships. Romance fiction, the most popular global genre, offers a key source text for exploring intimate and romantic relationships and the ways culturally and politically specific forms of intimacy are shared transnationally. Of particular interest is the increase in the twenty-first century of romantic stories that deal with the intersection of intimacy and migration. This article brings together critical work on intimacy and affect, scholarship on popular romance, and research on migration and transcultural exchange to explore how contemporary Anglophone popular romance fiction mediates intimate relationships in the context of migration. Focusing on two romance novels featuring South East Asian migration to the USA — Brigitte Bautista’s You, Me, U.S. (2019) and Helen Hoang’s The Bride Test (2019) — I explore how these novels represent marriage migration and its relationship to and impact on intimacy. Both novels are aware of existing stigmas around marriage migration (the risk of abuse or fraudulent marriage), but the association of marriage with ‘authentic’ romantic love in the romance genre ultimately serves to uphold such stigmas, rather than challenge them. The texts pay equally close attention to the performativity of romantic love, noting how heteronormative, western norms of romance are required for migrants but, in the case of You, Me, U.S., can also be queered. These texts are concerned with the movement of people and cultures while themselves travelling across borders as products of a transnational, global publishing market. These fictions, then, showcase how their particular articulations of intimacy offer new insights for scholars interested in marriage migration.
PCSK1N as a Tumor Size Marker and an ER Stress Response Protein in Corticotroph Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Abusdal Merisa , Normann Kjersti R , Nyman Tuula A , Øystese Kristin A B , Sundaram Arvind Y M , Dahlberg Daniel , Lekva Tove , Bollerslev Jens , Berg Jens P , Olarescu Nicoleta C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
Silent corticotroph adenoma (SCA) exhibits more tumor aggressiveness features than functioning adenomas (FCAs).

Objective
We aimed to investigate proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 inhibitor (PCSK1N) expression in CA and examine if endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced responses affect cell survival in a corticotroph tumor cell model.

Methods
Clinical and imaging characteristics were recorded in 33 patients with FCA (20 women, 11 macroadenomas) and 18 SCAs (8 women, all macroadenomas). Gene expression of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), T-box transcription factor 19(TBX19)/TPIT, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1)/PC1/3, and its inhibitor PCSK1N, was measured by reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction in adenoma tissue. Mouse pituitary corticotroph tumor (AtT-20) cells were treated with tanespimycin (17-AAG), an HSP90 chaperone inhibitor, to induce ER stress, followed by gene and protein analyses.

Results
POMC, TPIT, and PCSK1 expression were higher, whereas PCSK1N was lower in FCA compared to SCA. PCSK1N correlated with POMC (rs = −0.514; P &lt; .001), TPIT (rs = −0.386; P = .005), PCSK1 (rs = −0.3691; P = .008), and tumor largest diameter (rs = 0.645; P &lt; .001), in all CA. Induction of ER stress by 17-AAG in AtT-20 cells led to a decrease of Pomc and an increase of Pcsk1n gene expression at 24 hours. Moreover, a downregulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, and senescence pathways, and alterations in cell adhesion and cytoskeleton, were observed at the protein level.

Conclusion
PCSK1N is higher in SCA compared with FCA, and associated with corticotroph cell markers and tumor size. PCSK1N is likely to be part of the adaptive response to ER stress, potentially conferring a survival advantage to the corticotroph tumor cell in conjunction with other proteins.
Effect of Spironolactone and Cyproterone Acetate on Breast Growth in Transgender People: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Angus Lachlan M , Leemaqz Shalem Y , Kasielska-Trojan Anna K , Mikołajczyk Maksym , Doery James C G , Zajac Jeffrey D , Cheung Ada S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
Transgender people with sex recorded male at birth desiring feminization commonly use cyproterone acetate or spironolactone as antiandrogens with estradiol, but the optimal antiandrogen is unclear.

Objective
We aimed to assess the effect of antiandrogens on breast development. We hypothesized this would be greater in those treated with cyproterone acetate than spironolactone due to more potent androgen receptor antagonism and suppression of serum total testosterone concentrations.

Methods
A randomized clinical trial was conducted between 2020-2022 at an outpatient endocrinology clinic. Transgender people aged 18+ years old commencing feminizing gender affirming hormone therapy were included. The intervention was standardized estradiol therapy plus either spironolactone 100 mg daily or cyproterone acetate 12.5 mg daily for 6 months. The primary outcome was breast development as measured by the breast–chest distance. Secondary outcomes included estimated breast volume, suppression of serum total testosterone concentration &lt;2 nmol/L, and Gender Preoccupation and Stability Questionnaire (GPSQ).

Results
Sixty-three people (median age 25 years) were enrolled, randomized, and included in intention to treat analysis (cyproterone acetate n = 32, spironolactone n = 31). At 6 months, there was no between-group difference in breast–chest distance (mean difference 0.27 cm, 95% CI −0.82 to 1.35, P = .6) or estimated breast volume (mean difference 17.26 mL, 95% CI −16.94 to 51.47, P = .3). Cyproterone acetate was more likely to suppress serum testosterone concentration to &lt;2 nmol/L (odds ratio 9.01, 95% CI 1.83 to 4.44, P = .008). Changes in GPSQ were similar between groups.

Conclusion
Antiandrogen choice should be based on clinician and patient preference with consideration of side effects. Further research is needed to optimize breast development in transgender people.
Intergenerational Power Shift and the Rise of Nonarranged Marriages Among Refugees
Authors: Foster Andrew D. , Gökçe Merve Betül , Kırdar Murat Güray 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The experiences of war and refugee status can alter intrafamily dynamics, with implications for family formation, including marriage. We use the nationally representative Syrian Migrant Sample of the 2018 Turkey Demographic Health Survey (TDHS-S) to conduct a duration analysis of marriage outcomes among Syrian refugees in Turkey, tracking women throughout their residence in prewar Syria (before the conflict began in 2011), postwar Syria (after the conflict began but before arrival in Turkey), and Turkey. We find that early marriage was more prominent among refugees who were unmarried at the time of migration than among those married before migration; the mean marriage age dropped from 19.6 in prewar Syria to 19.1 in postwar Syria and 18.1 in Turkey. Using the TDHS-S and prewar Syrian surveys, we show that this finding aligns with the observed declines in household income and young women's opportunity cost of marriage. Our duration analysis also reveals a notable shift from traditional arranged marriages to more modern marriage forms among refugees in Turkey. An intergenerational power shift might drive the shift toward nonarranged marriages. After arrival in Turkey, wealth and employment of parents decline among refugees. In contrast, Syrian youth in Turkey have higher age-adjusted employment rates than in prewar Syria. Moreover, nonarranged marriages increase more among demographic groups with stronger intergenerational power shifts than among groups with weaker shifts.
The Effect of Capital Gains Taxes on Business Creation and Employment: The Case of Opportunity Zones
Authors: Arefeva Alina , Davis Morris A. , Ghent Andra C. , Park Minseon 
Published: September 2024

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 established a new program called Opportunity Zones (OZs) that reduces or eliminates capital gains taxes on investment in a limited number of low-income Census tracts. We provide a model illustrating how a change in capital taxation affects employment in existing and new establishments. We then use establishment-level data to show that, in its first two years, the OZ designation increased employment growth relative to comparable tracts by between 3.0 and 4.5 percentage points in metropolitan areas. The job growth occurred in multiple industries and persisted into 2021 rather than quickly disappearing. However, most of the jobs created by the program were likely taken by residents who live outside of the designated tracts, consistent with only 5% of U.S. residents working in the same Census tract as the one in which they live. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance. Funding: The authors are grateful for the financial support of an award from UW-Madison’s Fall Research Competition. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.03223 .
The complex interplay between mechanical forces, tissue response and individual susceptibility to pressure ulcers
Authors: Gefen Amit 
Published: September 2024

Objective: The most recent edition of the International Clinical Practice Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries was released in 2019. Shortly after, in 2020, the first edition of the SECURE Prevention expert panel report, focusing on device-related pressure ulcers/injuries, was published as a special issue in the Journal of Wound Care. A second edition followed in 2022. This article presents a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of the causes of pressure ulcers/injuries (PU/Is) as detailed in these globally recognised consensus documents. Method: The literature reviewed in this summary specifically addresses the impact of prolonged soft tissue deformations on the viability of cells and tissues in the context of PU/Is related to bodyweight or medical devices. Results: Prolonged soft tissue deformations initially result in cell death and tissue damage on a microscopic scale, potentially leading to development of clinical PU/Is over time. That is, localised high tissue deformations or mechanical stress concentrations can cause microscopic damage within minutes, but it may take several hours of continued mechanical loading for this initial cell and tissue damage to become visible and clinically noticeable. Superficial tissue damage primarily stems from excessive shear loading on fragile or vulnerable skin. In contrast, deeper PU/Is, known as deep tissue injuries, typically arise from stress concentrations in soft tissues at body regions over sharp or curved bony prominences, or under stiff medical devices in prolonged contact with the skin. Conclusion: This review promotes deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of PU/Is, indicating that their primary prevention should focus on alleviating the exposure of cells and tissues to stress concentrations. This goal can be achieved either by reducing the intensity of stress concentrations in soft tissues, or by decreasing the exposure time of soft tissues to such stress concentrations.