bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normal Population Reference Values for the Oxford and Harris Hip Scores – Electronic Data Collection and its Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: McLean James M. , Cappelletto Jacob , Clarnette Jock , Hill Catherine L. , Gill Tiffany , Mandziak Daniel , Leith Jordan 
Published: November 2016

Background The aim of this study was to assess whether the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) were comparable in normal, healthy, pathology-free individuals of different age, gender, ethnicity, handedness and nationality. The purpose of this study was to establish normal population values for the HHS and OHS using an electronic data collection system. Methods 317 Australian and 310 Canadian citizens with no active hip pain, injury or pathology in the ipsilateral hip corresponding to their dominant arm, were evaluated. Participants completed an electronically-administered questionnaire and were assessed clinically. Chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test and Poisson regression models were used where appropriate, to investigate the association between hip scores, ethnicity, nationality, gender, handedness and age. Results There was a statistically significant association between the OHS and age (p<0.0001) and the HHS and age (p = 0.0006); demonstrating that as age increased, normal hip scores decreased. There was no statistically significant association between the HHS and gender (p = 0.1389); or HSS and nationality, adjusting for age (p = 0.5698) and adjusting for gender (p = 0.6997). There was no statistically significant association between the OHS and gender (p = 0.1350). Australians reported a statistically significant 4.2% higher overall OHS value compared to Canadians (p = 0.0490). There was no statistically significant association between the OHS and nationality in age groups 18-79 years. Participants >80 years reported a statistically significant association between the OHS and nationality (p<0.0001). Conclusions Studies using an electronic control group should consider differences in gender, age, ethnicity and nationality when using the HHS and OHS to assess patient outcomes. This study has established an electronic, normal control group for studies using the HHS and OHS. When using the OHS, the control group should be sourced from the same country of origin. When using the HHS, the control group should be sourced from a pre-established control group within a database, without necessarily being sourced from the same country of origin.
Design of Artificial Red Blood Cells using Polymeric Hydrogel Microcapsules: Hydrogel Stability Improvement and Polymer Selection
Authors: Zhang Wujie , Bissen Matthew J. , Savela Emily S. , Clausen Joshua N. , Fredricks Samantha J. , Guo Xiaoru , Paquin Zachary R. , Dohn Ryan P. , Pavelich Ian J. , Polovchak Alec L , Wedemeyer Michael J. , Shilling Brock E. , Dufner Emily N. , O'Donnell Anna C. , Rubio Gerardo , Readnour Logan R. , Brown Tyler F. , Lee Jung C. , Kaltchev Matey G. , Chen Junhong , Tritt Charles S. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose To improve the stability of pectin-oligochitosan hydrogel microcapsules under physiological conditions. Methods Two different approaches were examined: change of the cross-linker length and treatment of the hydrogel microcapsules with 150 Mm CaCl2. Replacement of pectin with alginate was also studied. Results and Conclusions It was observed that the molecular weight of the cross-linker oligochiotsan had no significant improvement on microcapsule stability. On the other hand, the treatment of pectin-oligochitosan microcapsules with Ca2+ increased the microcapsule stability significantly. Different types of alginate were used; however, no red-blood-cell-shaped microcapsules could be produced, which is likely due to the charge-density difference between deprotonated pectin and alginate polymers.
Balloon-assisted venous access salvage through a thrombosed arteriovenous graft
Authors: Wong Chen Pong , Damodharan Karthikeyan , Urlings Thijs A.J. , Chandramohan Sivanathan 
Published: November 2016

Introduction Maintaining vascular access by means of radiological intervention has become the mainstay of management of patients with central venous stenoses and occlusions (CVO), which can be challenging. We present a case of balloon-assisted percutaneous puncture of an occluded left subclavian vein, through a thrombosed arteriovenous graft, for a tunneled dialysis catheter insertion. Methods A thrombosed left arm arteriovenous graft was accessed, and the occluded left subclavian vein was traversed with 0.018 platform. An 8 mm 0.018 low platform balloon was inflated in the left subclavian vein as a target for percutaneous puncture to gain direct access into the occluded segment of the vein. This access was then used for routine placement of a tunneled left subclavian dialysis catheter. Results Successful placement of a tunneled dialysis catheter into an occluded left subclavian vein using a balloon- assisted puncture technique, through a thrombosed left-arm arteriovenous graft. Conclusions Thrombosed arteriovenous grafts are potential access sites into the central veins. Balloon-assisted punctures allow vascular access salvage into otherwise occluded segments of a central vein; in our case, it allowed access into an occluded left subclavian vein for dialysis catheter placement.
Tissue ischemia worsens during hemodialysis in end-stage renal disease patients
Authors: Malik Jan , Kudlicka Jaroslav , Lachmanova Jana , Valerianova Anna , Rocinova Katarina , Bartkova Magdalena , Tesar Vladimir 
Published: November 2016

Background Cognitive deficit is a common problem in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Ultrafiltration and hemodialysis lead to profound hemodynamic changes. The aim of this pilot study was to describe brain and hand oxygenation values in ESRD patients and their changes during hemodialysis. Methods Twenty-seven patients treated by chronic hemodialysis and 17 controls patients of the same age were included in the study. Regional saturation of oxygen (SrO2) was measured at the brain frontal lobe and at the hand with dialysis access using the INVOS 5100C. In 17 of ESRD patients, SrO2 was also monitored throughout hemodialysis. Finger systolic blood pressure and basic hemodialysis and laboratory data were collected. Results Dialysis patients had lower brain and also hand SrO2 values at rest (51.5 ± 10.9 vs. 68 ± 7%, p<0.0001 and 55 ± 16 vs. 66 ± 8%, p = 0.03, respectively). Both values further decreased during the first 35 minutes of hemodialysis (brain SrO2 to 47 ± 8%, p<0.0001 and hand to 45 ± 14%, p<0.0001, respectively). The brain SrO2 decrease was related to the ultrafiltration rate, the hand SrO2 decrease to the finger pressure and to blood hemoglobin. Conclusions Chronic dialysis patients suffer from tissue ischemia and that even worsens after the beginning of hemodialysis. This observation may contribute to the understanding of cognitive deficit etiology.
A Study of the Relationship between the Quality of Working Life and Mental Health of the Administrative Staff of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, in 2016
Authors: Foroughinia Sahar , Nomani Hamid , Zangeneh Alireza , Ziapour Arash 
Published: November 2016

Workplace stress affects employees’ mental health, causing severe damage to their job functions and safety. Moreover, the quality of working life is among factors that play prominent roles in the workplace. The present experimental study aimed to investigate the relationship between the quality of working life and mental health of the administrative staff of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, in 2016. In this descriptive and correlational study conducted on the administrative staff of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2016, the sample size was calculated through Kerjcie and Morgan sample size table (n=267), and the samples were selected by simple random sampling. For data collection, a demographic information questionnaire, the Walton’s quality of working life questionnaire and the Goldberg’s general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used. In addition, to analyze the collected data, the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple stepwise regressions were utilized with the help of SPSS 23 software. The mean score of quality of working life was 3.40 out of 5.0, and that of mental health was 2.98 out of 4.0. There was a significant positive correlation between quality of work life and mental health (p<0.001, r=0.305). Of the dimensions of quality of working life, fair and adequate remunerations and safe and sanitary working environments had the most effects or could predict mental health to the greatest degrees, respectively. The results of the present demonstrated that fair remunerations, not necessarily financial pays, and safe and sanitary working environments influenced the employees’ mental health. So, it is recommended that managerial support, improved supervision, provision of training programs and improving the physical conditions of the workplace be placed top of the agenda towards this objective.
Holocene internal shortening within the northwest Sub‐Himalaya: Out‐of‐sequence faulting of the Jwalamukhi Thrust, India
Authors: Dey Saptarshi , Thiede Rasmus C. , Schildgen Taylor F. , Wittmann Hella , Bookhagen Bodo , Scherler Dirk , Strecker Manfred R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe southernmost thrust of the Himalayan orogenic wedge that separates the foreland from the orogen, the Main Frontal Thrust, is thought to accommodate most of the ongoing crustal shortening in the Sub‐Himalaya. Steepened longitudinal river profile segments, terrace offsets, and back‐tilted fluvial terraces within the Kangra reentrant of the NW Sub‐Himalaya suggest Holocene activity of the Jwalamukhi Thrust (JMT) and other thrust faults that may be associated with strain partitioning along the toe of the Himalayan wedge. To assess the shortening accommodated by the JMT, we combine morphometric terrain analyses with in situ 10Be‐based surface‐exposure dating of the deformed terraces. Incision into upper Pleistocene sediments within the Kangra Basin created two late Pleistocene terrace levels (T1 and T2). Subsequent early Holocene aggradation shortly before ~10 ka was followed by episodic reincision, which created four cut‐and‐fill terrace levels, the oldest of which (T3) was formed at 10.1 ± 0.9 ka. A vertical offset of 44 ± 5 m of terrace T3 across the JMT indicates a shortening rate of 5.6 ± 0.8 to 7.5 ± 1.1 mm a−1 over the last ~10 ka. This result suggests that thrusting along the JMT accommodates 40–60% of the total Sub‐Himalayan shortening in the Kangra reentrant over the Holocene. We speculate that this out‐of‐sequence shortening may have been triggered or at least enhanced by late Pleistocene and Holocene erosion of sediments from the Kangra Basin.
First mesopause Na retrievals from satellite Na D‐line nightglow observations
Authors: von Savigny C. , Langowski M. P. , Zilker B. , Burrows J. P. , Fussen D. , Sofieva V. F. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report the retrieval of Na concentration profiles in the mesopause region from satellite observations of the Na D‐line nightglow emission near 589 nm made by the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) on the Envisat spacecraft. The retrieval assumes the Na D‐line excitation mechanism originally proposed by Chapman in 1939. The retrieval approach, including treatment of self‐absorption by Na, a retrieval uncertainty budget, and first retrieval results, is presented. The retrieved Na profiles are compared to independent satellite measurements. Good agreement in terms of peak altitude, peak concentration, and vertical column density is found. The retrievals constitute the first Na profile retrievals from satellite observations of the Na D‐line nightglow emission profile. They enable our understanding of the Na nightglow excitation mechanism to be tested.
Repressurization following eruption from a magma chamber with a viscoelastic aureole
Authors: Segall Paul 
Published: November 2016

AbstractI analyze an approximate solution for spherical magma chambers (radius R1) surrounded by Maxwell viscoelastic shells (radius R2) in elastic half‐spaces following a sudden decrease in pressure. Mass flux into the chamber is proportional to the pressure difference between a deep source and chamber,
. Solutions depend on R2/R1,
, where βm,βc are magma and chamber compressibilities, tR is the relaxation time, and τ is the recharge time for the elastic system. Without recharge the system exhibits either posteruptive deflation or, for incompressible magmas, partial reinflation. More generally, immediate posteruptive inflation is favored by large
and small R2/R1. With short tR and large
the time for magma chamber pressure to recover increases significantly. Posteruptive creep increases the chamber pressure, decreasing the pressure gradient driving recharge, delaying pressure recovery. Following eruption the hoop stresses, which are initially compressive, relax toward the radial stress causing them to go through a local (relative tension) maximum. The magma pressure in excess of the dike normal compression at the chamber wall can recover to preeruptive values well before the chamber pressure or erupted mass recovers. This suggests that dikes could nucleate at the chamber margin well before sufficient pressure has recovered to drive them far from the chamber. For some parameters coeruptive deflation has not fully recovered when the magma overpressure relative to hoop stress in the elastic region is restored to preeruptive values, a condition assumed to be sufficient for eruption.
Substantial contribution of northern high‐latitude sources to mineral dust in the Arctic
Authors: Groot Zwaaftink C. D. , Grythe H. , Skov H. , Stohl A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the Arctic, impurities in the atmosphere and cryosphere can strongly affect the atmospheric radiation and surface energy balance. While black carbon has hence received much attention, mineral dust has been in the background. Mineral dust is not only transported into the Arctic from remote regions but also, possibly increasingly, generated in the region itself. Here we study mineral dust in the Arctic based on global transport model simulations. For this, we have developed a dust mobilization scheme in combination with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART. A model evaluation, based on measurements of surface concentrations and annual deposition at a number of stations and aircraft vertical profiles, shows the suitability of this model to study global dust transport. Simulations indicate that about 3% of global dust emission originates from high‐latitude dust sources in the Arctic. Due to limited convection and enhanced efficiency of removal, dust emitted in these source regions is mostly deposited closer to the source than dust from for instance Asia or Africa. This leads to dominant contributions of local dust sources to total surface dust concentrations (~85%) and dust deposition (~90%) in the Arctic region. Dust deposition from local sources peaks in autumn, while dust deposition from remote sources occurs mainly in spring in the Arctic. With increasing altitude, remote sources become more important for dust concentrations as well as deposition. Therefore, total atmospheric dust loads in the Arctic are strongly influenced by Asian (~38%) and African (~32%) dust, whereas local dust contributes only 27%. Dust loads are thus largest in spring when remote dust is efficiently transported into the Arctic. Overall, our study shows that contributions of local dust sources are more important in the Arctic than previously thought, particularly with respect to surface concentrations and dust deposition.
The National Space Weather Program: Two decades of interagency partnership and accomplishments
Authors: Bonadonna Michael , Lanzerotti Louis , Stailey Judson 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper describes the development of the United States National Space Weather Program (NSWP) from early interests in space environmental phenomena and their impact through the culmination of the program in 2015. Over its 21 year run, the NSWP facilitated substantial improvements in the capabilities of Federal Space Weather services and fostered broad and enduring partnerships with industry and the academic community within the U.S. and internationally. Under the management of the Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research a coalition of 10 federal agencies worked together from 1994 to 2015 to advance the national space weather enterprise. The paper describes key events and accomplishments of the NSWP interagency partnership while recognizing the great achievements made by the individual agencies. In order to provide context, the paper also discusses several important events outside the NSWP purview. Some of these external events influenced the course of the NSWP, while others were encouraged by the NSWP partnership. Following the establishment of the Space Weather Operations, Research, and Mitigation Task Force of the National Science and Technology Council in the White House and the deactivation of the NSWP Council, the agencies now play a supporting role in the national effort as the federal engagement in the National Space Weather Partnership graduates to a higher level.
Flow in the western Mediterranean shallow mantle: Insights from xenoliths in Pliocene alkali basalts from SE Iberia (eastern Betics, Spain)
Authors: Hidas Károly , Konc Zoltán , Garrido Carlos J. , Tommasi Andréa , Vauchez Alain , Padrón‐Navarta José Alberto , Marchesi Claudio , Booth‐Rea Guillermo , Acosta‐Vigil Antonio , Szabó Csaba , Varas‐Reus María Isabel , Gervilla Fernando 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMantle xenoliths in Pliocene alkali basalts of the eastern Betics (SE Iberia, Spain) are spinel ± plagioclase lherzolite, with minor harzburgite and wehrlite, displaying porphyroclastic or equigranular textures. Equigranular peridotites have olivine crystal preferred orientation (CPO) patterns similar to those of porphyroclastic xenoliths but slightly more dispersed. Olivine CPO shows [100]‐fiber patterns characterized by strong alignment of [100]‐axes subparallel to the stretching lineation and a girdle distribution of [010]‐axes normal to it. This pattern is consistent with simple shear or transtensional deformation accommodated by dislocation creep. One xenolith provides evidence for synkinematic reactive percolation of subduction‐related Si‐rich melts/fluids that resulted in oriented crystallization of orthopyroxene. Despite a seemingly undeformed microstructure, the CPO in orthopyroxenite veins in composite xenoliths is identical to those of pyroxenes in the host peridotite, suggesting late‐kinematic crystallization. Based on these observations, we propose that the annealing producing the equigranular microstructures was triggered by melt percolation in the shallow subcontinental lithospheric mantle coeval to the late Neogene formation of veins in composite xenoliths. Calculated seismic properties are characterized by fast propagation of P waves and polarization of fast S waves parallel to olivine [100]‐axis (stretching lineation). These data are compatible with present‐day seismic anisotropy observations in SE Iberia if the foliations in the lithospheric mantle are steeply dipping and lineations are subhorizontal with ENE strike, implying dominantly horizontal mantle flow in the ENE‐WSW direction within vertical planes, that is, subparallel to the paleo‐Iberian margin. The measured anisotropy could thus reflect a lithospheric fabric due to strike‐slip deformation in the late Miocene in the context of WSW tearing of the subducted south Iberian margin lithosphere.
Common variant rs356182 near SNCA defines a Parkinson's disease endophenotype
Authors: Cooper Christine A. , Jain Nimansha , Gallagher Michael D. , Weintraub Daniel , Xie Sharon X. , Berlyand Yosef , Espay Alberto J. , Quinn Joseph , Edwards Karen L. , Montine Thomas , Van Deerlin Vivianna M. , Trojanowski John , Zabetian Cyrus P. , Chen‐Plotkin Alice S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveParkinson's disease (PD) presents clinically with several motor subtypes that exhibit variable treatment response and prognosis. Here, we investigated genetic variants for their potential association with PD motor phenotype and progression.MethodsWe screened 10 SNPs, previously associated with PD risk, for association with tremor‐dominant (TD) versus postural‐instability gait disorder (PIGD) motor subtypes. SNPs that correlated with the TD/PIGD ratio in a discovery cohort of 251 PD patients were then evaluated in a multi‐site replication cohort of 559 PD patients. SNPs associated with motor phenotype in both cross‐sectional cohorts were next evaluated for association with (1) rates of motor progression in a longitudinal subgroup of 230 PD patients and (2) brain alpha‐synuclein (SNCA) expression in the GTEx (Genotype‐Tissue Expression project) consortium database.ResultsGenotype at rs356182, near SNCA, correlated with the TD/PIGD ratio in both the discovery (Bonferroni‐corrected P = 0.04) and replication cohorts (P = 0.02). The rs356182 GG genotype was associated with a more tremor‐predominant phenotype and predicted a slower rate of motor progression (1‐point difference in annual rate of UPDRS‐III motor score change, P = 0.01). The rs356182 genotype was associated with SNCA expression in the cerebellum (P = 0.005).InterpretationOur study demonstrates that the GG genotype at rs356182 provides molecular definition for a clinically important endophenotype associated with (1) more tremor‐predominant motor phenomenology, (2) slower rates of motor progression, and (3) decreased brain expression of SNCA. Such molecularly defined endophenotyping in PD may benefit both clinical trial design and tailoring of clinical care as we enter the era of precision medicine.
Directing Group‐Assisted Copper(II)‐Catalyzed ortho‐Carbonylation to Benzamide using 2,2′‐Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN)
Authors: Khan Bhuttu , Khan Afsar Ali , Kant Ruchir , Koley Dipankar 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn efficient copper‐catalyzed regioselective C—H bond carbonylation of benzamides has been developed using 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as traceless cyanating agent. The non‐toxic and readily available AIBN was used for the carbonylative cyclization of benzamides via copper catalysis. The method is also applicable for the regioselective cyanation of furan, benzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, and pyrrole carboxamide derivatives.magnified image
Many body localized systems weakly coupled to baths
Authors: Nandkishore Rahul , Gopalakrishnan Sarang 
Published: November 2016

We consider what happens when a many body localized system is coupled to a heat bath. Unlike previous works, we do not restrict ourselves to the limit where the bath is large and effectively Markovian, nor to the limit where back action on the bath is negligible. We identify limits where the effect of the bath can be captured by classical noise, and limits where it cannot. We also identify limits in which the bath delocalizes the system, as well as limits in which the system localizes the bath. Using general arguments and dimensional analysis, we constrain the overall phase diagram of the coupled system and bath. Our analysis incorporates all the previously discussed regimes, and also uncovers a new intrinsically quantum regime that has not hitherto been discussed. We discuss baths that are themselves near a localization transition, or are strongly disordered but protected against localization by symmetry or topology. We also discuss situations where the system and bath have different dimensionality (the case of ‘boundary MBL’ and ‘boundary baths’).
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