bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost‐Effectiveness in Global Surgery: Pearls, Pitfalls, and a Checklist
Authors: Shrime Mark G. , Alkire Blake C. , Grimes Caris , Chao Tiffany E. , Poenaru Dan , Verguet Stéphane 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroductionCost‐effectiveness analysis can be a powerful policy‐making tool. In the two decades since the first cost‐effectiveness analyses in global surgery, the methodology has established the cost‐effectiveness of many types of surgery in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). However, with the crescendo of cost‐effectiveness analyses in global surgery has come vast disparities in methodology, with only 15% of studies adhering to published guidelines. This has led to results that have varied up to 150‐fold.MethodsThe theoretical basis, common pitfalls, and guidelines‐based recommendations for cost‐effectiveness analyses are reviewed, and a checklist to be used for cost‐effectiveness analyses in global surgery is created.ResultsCommon pitfalls in global surgery cost‐effectiveness analyses fall into five categories: the analytic perspective, cost measurement, effectiveness measurement, probability estimation, valuation of the counterfactual, and heterogeneity and uncertainty. These are reviewed in turn, and a checklist to avoid these pitfalls is developed.ConclusionCost‐effectiveness analyses, when done rigorously, can be very useful for the development of efficient surgical systems in LMICs. This review highlights the common pitfalls in these analyses and methods to avoid these pitfalls.
Peritherapeutic Serum p53 Antibody Titers are Predictors of Survival in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Surgery
Authors: Yamashita Kotaro , Makino Tomoki , Tanaka Koji , Yamasaki Makoto , Yamamoto Masaaki , Miyazaki Yasuhiro , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Takiguchi Shuji , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the preoperative serum level of p53 antibodies (s‐p53‐Abs) is reported to be a prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients, the clinical significance of post‐therapeutic s‐p53‐Abs or the peritherapeutic changes in s‐p53‐Abs associated with the prognosis or treatment response of ESCC patients undergoing surgery following preoperative chemotherapy remains unclear.Methodss‐p53‐Abs titers were peritherapeutically measured in 136 ESCC patients who underwent surgery following preoperative chemotherapy in our department from 2008 to 2014. Clinicopathological parameters, including the response to chemotherapy and the recurrence‐free survival (RFS), were compared between groups classified by the levels of the s‐p53‐Ab titers and the peritherapeutic changes in the s‐p53‐Ab titers.ResultsAfter curative surgery following preoperative chemotherapy, the s‐p53‐Ab titers increased in 15 patients (11.0%), remained unchanged in 81 patients (59.6%) and decreased in 40 patients (29.4%). The seropositive rate (cutoff value: 0.5 U/ml) of pre‐ and post‐therapeutic s‐p53‐Abs were 36.0% (49/136) and 35.3% (48/136), respectively. Negative and positive seroconversion of s‐p53‐Abs was identified in 20.4% (10/49) and 10.3% (9/105) of patients, respectively. Both pre‐ and post‐therapeutic seropositive s‐p53‐Ab titers significantly correlated with an unfavorable prognosis (p = 0.028, 0.002, respectively). Patients with a peritherapeutic increase in s‐p53‐Ab titers showed a shorter RFS compared with unchanged/decreased titers. Neither the s‐p53‐Ab titer at any time point nor its change was associated with the response to chemotherapy.ConclusionsBoth peritherapeutic s‐p53‐Ab titers and their changes were shown to be prognostic parameters in ESCC patients undergoing preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery.
Liver involvement in congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Marques‐da‐Silva D. , dos Reis Ferreira V. , Monticelli M. , Janeiro P. , Videira P. A. , Witters P. , Jaeken J. , Cassiman D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a rapidly growing family of genetic diseases caused by defects in glycosylation. Nearly 100 CDG types are known so far. Patients present a great phenotypic diversity ranging from poly‐ to mono‐organ/system involvement and from very mild to extremely severe presentation. In this literature review, we summarize the liver involvement reported in CDG patients. Although liver involvement is present in only a minority of the reported CDG types (22 %), it can be debilitating or even life‐threatening. Sixteen of the patients we collated here developed cirrhosis, 10 had liver failure. We distinguish two main groups: on the one hand, the CDG types with predominant or isolated liver involvement including MPI‐CDG, TMEM199‐CDG, CCDC115‐CDG, and ATP6AP1‐CDG, and on the other hand, the CDG types associated with liver disease but not as a striking, unique or predominant feature, including PMM2‐CDG, ALG1‐CDG, ALG3‐CDG, ALG6‐CDG, ALG8‐CDG, ALG9‐CDG, PGM1‐CDG, and COG‐CDG. This review aims to facilitate CDG patient identification and to understand CDG liver involvement, hopefully leading to earlier diagnosis, and better management and treatment.
Combining ability, heterosis, genetic distance and their intercorrelations for waterlogging tolerance traits in chrysanthemum
Authors: Su Jiangshuo , Zhang Fei , Yang Xincheng , Feng Yixuan , Yang Xiaodong , Wu Yangyang , Guan Zhiyong , Fang Weimin , Chen Fadi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWaterlogging tolerance (WT) is a major objective in chrysanthemum breeding programs, and although certain genotypes with different tolerance levels have been identified, their value as parents for WT breeding is unknown. Here, twelve F1 crosses derived from an incomplete diallel mating scheme were conducted to investigate combining ability and heterosis for WT and their relationships with parental genetic distance. The results showed that the membership function value of waterlogging (MFVW) was controlled by additive and non-additive gene effects, whereas other growth and biomass traits were mainly controlled by non-additive gene effects. The estimated broad and narrow sense heritabilities of the MFVW were 97.5 and 51.5%, respectively. Combining ability analyses indicated that ‘Nannong Xuefeng’ showing the largest general combining ability (GCA) effect for the MFVW was the best combiner, and identified several best cross combinations with high positive specific combining ability (SCA) effects for most WT-related traits. Mid- and high-parent heterosis occurred widely. The three distance measures, based on phenotypic traits (PD), molecular markers (GD) and markers linked with quantitative trait loci (QTL-GD), presented a non-significant correlation with combining ability except for the GD with GCA for the relative root fresh weight. The correlations between the QTL-GD and heterosis were significant for certain traits and generally higher than that of the PD or GD and heterosis. The SCA effects were positively correlated with heterosis for most of the WT traits (0.51 ≤ r ≤ 0.80). The findings benefit understanding the inheritance mode and then achieving desirable improvement for WT in chrysanthemum.
Post‐traumatic Visualized Supernumerary Phantom Limbs: A Case Presentation
Authors: Lamb S. Courtney‐Kay 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe experience of supernumerary phantom limbs (SPLs) is a rare phenomenon known to occur following a variety of neurological ailments. This case report details visualized supernumerary phantom arms and legs in a polytrauma patient with suspicion of seizure as the primary contributing factor. Fewer than 30 cases of SPLs have been previously described. SPLs are usually confined to the phantom proprioception/sensation of the limb, with only 6 prior cases reporting visualized SPLs, all of which occurred in the setting of isolated stroke. This case presentation is notable because it is the first to describe visualized SPLs in a polytrauma patient.Level of EvidenceV
Validation of a Case Definition for Pediatric Brain Injury Using Administrative Data
Authors: McChesney-Corbeil Jane , Barlow Karen , Quan Hude , Chen Guanmin , Wiebe Samuel , Jette Nathalie 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground: Health administrative data are a common population-based data source for traumatic brain injury (TBI) surveillance and research; however, before using these data for surveillance, it is important to develop a validated case definition. The objective of this study was to identify the optimal International Classification of Disease , edition 10 (ICD-10), case definition to ascertain children with TBI in emergency room (ER) or hospital administrative data. We tested multiple case definitions. Methods: Children who visited the ER were identified from the Regional Emergency Department Information System at Alberta Children’s Hospital. Secondary data were collected for children with trauma, musculoskeletal, or central nervous system complaints who visited the ER between October 5, 2005, and June 6, 2007. TBI status was determined based on chart review. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for each case definition. Results: Of 6639 patients, 1343 had a TBI. The best case definition was, “1 hospital or 1 ER encounter coded with an ICD-10 code for TBI in 1 year” (sensitivity 69.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 67.3-72.2], specificity 96.7% [95% CI, 96.2-97.2], PPV 84.2% [95% CI 82.0-86.3], NPV 92.7% [95% CI, 92.0-93.3]). The nonspecific code S09.9 identified >80% of TBI cases in our study. Conclusions: The optimal ICD-10–based case definition for pediatric TBI in this study is valid and should be considered for future pediatric TBI surveillance studies. However, external validation is recommended before use in other jurisdictions, particularly because it is plausible that a larger proportion of patients in our cohort had milder injuries.
Towards operationalising internal distractibility (Mind Wandering) in adults with ADHD
Authors: Biederman Joseph , Fitzgerald Maura , Uchida Mai , Spencer Thomas J. , Fried Ronna , Wicks Jennifer , Saunders Alexandra , Faraone Stephen V. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate whether specific symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can help identify ADHD patients with mind wandering.MethodsSubjects were adults ages 18–55 of both sexes (n=41) who completed the Mind-Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ) and the ADHD module of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Epidemiologic Version. We used Spearman’s rank correlation and Pearson’s χ2 analyses to examine associations between the ADHD module and the MWQ and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the ADHD module.ResultsOut of the three ADHD domains, the inattentive ADHD scores had the strongest association with the MWQ (total: rs=0.34, df=39, p=0.03; inattentive: rs=0.38, df=39, p=0.02; Hyperactive: rs=0.17, df=39, p=0.28). Correlation analyses between individual items on the ADHD module and the MWQ showed that two inattention items (‘failure to pay attention to detail’ and ‘trouble following instructions’) were positively associated with total scores on the MWQ (p=0.02). These two inattention items had the strongest association with the MWQ (rs=0.45, df=38, p=0.004). ROC analyses showed that the combined score of the two significant inattention items had the highest efficiency (AUC=0.71) in classifying high-level mind wanderers as defined by scores greater than the median split on the MWQ. The combined score of the two inattention items best identified high-level mind wanderers.ConclusionResults suggest a way to operationalise mind wandering using the symptoms of ADHD.
THE EGYPTIAN LABOR CORPS: WORKERS, PEASANTS, AND THE STATE IN WORLD WAR I
Authors: Anderson Kyle J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this article, I detail the British imperial system of human resource mobilization that recruited workers and peasants from Egypt to serve in the Egyptian Labor Corps in World War I (1914–18). By reconstructing multiple iterations of this network and analyzing the ways that workers and peasants acted within its constraints, this article provides a case study in the relationship between the Anglo-Egyptian colonial state and rural society in Egypt. Rather than seeing these as two separate, autonomous, and mutually antagonistic entities, this history of Egyptian Labor Corps recruitment demonstrates their mutual interdependence, emphasizing the dialectical relationship between state power and political subjectivity.
VULNERABILITY AND RECOGNITION IN SYRIAN PRISON LITERATURE
Authors: Taleghani R. Shareah 
Published: January 2017

AbstractConnecting the stories of human rights violations perpetrated by the Syrian regime against the children of Darʿa in March 2011 to decades of writings about political detention in Syria, this article argues that particular works of Syrian prison literature (adab al-sujūn) articulate a poetics of recognition that both reaffirms and challenges the foundational dependency on political recognition in human rights theory. By focusing on narrative scenes of recognition and misrecognition, I contend that these texts, much like the stories of the children of Darʿa, depict different forms of acute human vulnerability. In doing so, they offer a mode of sentimental education that evokes readers’ empathy and awareness of human suffering. Yet such texts also demonstrate, in allegorical form, how the foundational reliance on political recognition in human rights regimes can limit their efficacy.
Does breast-feeding reduce offspring junk food consumption during childhood? Examinations by socio-economic status and race/ethnicity
Authors: Jackson Dylan B , Johnson Kecia R 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether breast-feeding duration and socio-economic status (SES) interact to predict junk food consumption among offspring and whether the interaction differs across racial/ethnic groups.DesignSurvey research using a longitudinal panel design. Hierarchical linear regression was used to analyse the data.SettingIn-home interviews with the child’s parents over a 5-year period across the USA.SubjectsApproximately 10 000 American children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: Birth Cohort (ECLS-B).ResultsThe findings revealed that longer breast-feeding durations correspond to lower levels of junk food consumption, but that this relationship emerges consistently only among low-SES blacks.ConclusionsEfforts to promote breast-feeding among low-SES black women may have the added benefit of reducing their children’s junk food intake, and may thereby promote their general health and well-being. Future research should seek to explore the mechanisms by which breast-feeding might benefit the dietary habits of low-SES black children.
Discovery of anaerobic lithoheterotrophic haloarchaea, ubiquitous in hypersaline habitats
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y , Messina Enzo , Smedile Francesco , Roman Pawel , Damsté Jaap S Sinninghe , Ciordia Sergio , Mena Maria Carmen , Ferrer Manuel , Golyshin Peter N , Kublanov Ilya V , Samarov Nazar I , Toshchakov Stepan V , La Cono Violetta , Yakimov Michail M 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Hypersaline anoxic habitats harbour numerous novel uncultured archaea whose metabolic and ecological roles remain to be elucidated. Until recently, it was believed that energy generation via dissimilatory reduction of sulfur compounds is not functional at salt saturation conditions. Recent discovery of the strictly anaerobic acetotrophic Halanaeroarchaeum compels to change both this assumption and the traditional view on haloarchaea as aerobic heterotrophs. Here we report on isolation and characterization of a novel group of strictly anaerobic lithoheterotrophic haloarchaea, which we propose to classify as a new genus Halodesulfurarchaeum. Members of this previously unknown physiological group are capable of utilising formate or hydrogen as electron donors and elemental sulfur, thiosulfate or dimethylsulfoxide as electron acceptors. Using genome-wide proteomic analysis we have detected the full set of enzymes required for anaerobic respiration and analysed their substrate-specific expression. Such advanced metabolic plasticity and type of respiration, never seen before in haloarchaea, empower the wide distribution of Halodesulfurarchaeum in hypersaline inland lakes, solar salterns, lagoons and deep submarine anoxic brines. The discovery of this novel functional group of sulfur-respiring haloarchaea strengthens the evidence of their possible role in biogeochemical sulfur cycling linked to the terminal anaerobic carbon mineralisation in so far overlooked hypersaline anoxic habitats.
Shigatoxin encoding Bacteriophage ϕ24B modulates bacterial metabolism to raise antimicrobial tolerance
Authors: Holt G. S. , Lodge J. K. , McCarthy A. J. , Graham A. K. , Young G. , Bridge S. H. , Brown A. K. , Veses-Garcia M. , Lanyon C. V. , Sails A. , Allison H. E. , Smith D. L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHow temperate bacteriophages play a role in microbial infection and disease progression is not fully understood. They do this in part by carrying genes that promote positive evolutionary selection for the lysogen. Using Biolog phenotype microarrays and comparative metabolite profiling we demonstrate the impact of the well-characterised Shiga toxin-prophage ϕ24B on its Escherichia coli host MC1061. As a lysogen, the prophage alters the bacterial physiology by increasing the rates of respiration and cell proliferation. This is the first reported study detailing phage-mediated control of the E. coli biotin and fatty acid synthesis that is rate limiting to cell growth. Through ϕ24B conversion the lysogen also gains increased antimicrobial tolerance to chloroxylenol and 8-hydroxyquinoline. Distinct metabolite profiles discriminate between MC1061 and the ϕ24B lysogen in standard culture, and when treated with 2 antimicrobials. This is also the first reported use of metabolite profiling to characterise the physiological impact of lysogeny under antimicrobial pressure. We propose that temperate phages do not need to carry antimicrobial resistance genes to play a significant role in tolerance to antimicrobials.
Identification of LukPQ, a novel, equid-adapted leukocidin of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Koop Gerrit , Vrieling Manouk , Storisteanu Daniel M. L. , Lok Laurence S. C. , Monie Tom , van Wigcheren Glenn , Raisen Claire , Ba Xiaoliang , Gleadall Nicholas , Hadjirin Nazreen , Timmerman Arjen J. , Wagenaar Jaap A. , Klunder Heleen M. , Fitzgerald J. Ross , Zadoks Ruth , Paterson Gavin K. , Torres Carmen , Waller Andrew S. , Loeffler Anette , Loncaric Igor , Hoet Armando E. , Bergström Karin , De Martino Luisa , Pomba Constança , de Lencastre Hermínia , Ben Slama Karim , Gharsa Haythem , Richardson Emily J. , Chilvers Edwin R. , de Haas Carla , van Kessel Kok , van Strijp Jos A. G. , Harrison Ewan M. , Holmes Mark A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBicomponent pore-forming leukocidins are a family of potent toxins secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, which target white blood cells preferentially and consist of an S- and an F-component. The S-component recognizes a receptor on the host cell, enabling high-affinity binding to the cell surface, after which the toxins form a pore that penetrates the cell lipid bilayer. Until now, six different leukocidins have been described, some of which are host and cell specific. Here, we identify and characterise a novel S. aureus leukocidin; LukPQ. LukPQ is encoded on a 45 kb prophage (ΦSaeq1) found in six different clonal lineages, almost exclusively in strains cultured from equids. We show that LukPQ is a potent and specific killer of equine neutrophils and identify equine-CXCRA and CXCR2 as its target receptors. Although the S-component (LukP) is highly similar to the S-component of LukED, the species specificity of LukPQ and LukED differs. By forming non-canonical toxin pairs, we identify that the F-component contributes to the observed host tropism of LukPQ, thereby challenging the current paradigm that leukocidin specificity is driven solely by the S-component.
TLR4 antagonist FP7 inhibits LPS-induced cytokine production and glycolytic reprogramming in dendritic cells, and protects mice from lethal influenza infection
Authors: Perrin-Cocon Laure , Aublin-Gex Anne , Sestito Stefania E. , Shirey Kari Ann , Patel Mira C. , André Patrice , Blanco Jorge C. , Vogel Stefanie N. , Peri Francesco , Lotteau Vincent 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDysregulated Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 activation is involved in acute systemic sepsis, chronic inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis and diabetes, and in viral infections, such as influenza infection. Thus, therapeutic control of the TLR4 signalling pathway is of major interest. Here we tested the activity of the small-molecule synthetic TLR4 antagonist, FP7, in vitro on human monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and in vivo during influenza virus infection of mice. Our results indicate that FP7 antagonized the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and MIP-1β) by monocytes and DCs (IC50 < 1 μM) and prevented DC maturation upon TLR4 activation by ultrapure lipopolysaccharide (LPS). FP7 selectively blocked TLR4 stimulation, but not TLR1/2, TLR2/6, or TLR3 activation. TLR4 stimulation of human DCs resulted in increased glycolytic activity that was also antagonized by FP7. FP7 protected mice from influenza virus-induced lethality and reduced both proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in the lungs and acute lung injury (ALI). Therefore, FP7 can antagonize TLR4 activation in vitro and protect mice from severe influenza infection, most likely by reducing TLR4-dependent cytokine storm mediated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) like HMGB1.
Social Models Enhance Apes’ Memory for Novel Events
Authors: Howard Lauren H. , Wagner Katherine E. , Woodward Amanda L. , Ross Stephen R. , Hopper Lydia M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNonhuman primates are more likely to learn from the actions of a social model than a non-social “ghost display”, however the mechanism underlying this effect is still unknown. One possibility is that live models are more engaging, drawing increased attention to social stimuli. However, recent research with humans has suggested that live models fundamentally alter memory, not low-level attention. In the current study, we developed a novel eye-tracking paradigm to disentangle the influence of social context on attention and memory in apes. Tested in two conditions, zoo-housed apes (2 gorillas, 5 chimpanzees) were familiarized to videos of a human hand (social condition) and mechanical claw (non-social condition) constructing a three-block tower. During the memory test, subjects viewed side-by-side pictures of the previously-constructed block tower and a novel block tower. In accordance with looking-time paradigms, increased looking time to the novel block tower was used to measure event memory. Apes evidenced memory for the event featuring a social model, though not for the non-social condition. This effect was not dependent on attention differences to the videos. These findings provide the first evidence that, like humans, social stimuli increase nonhuman primates’ event memory, which may aid in information transmission via social learning.