bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refugees, Fairness and Taking up the Slack: On Justice and the International Refugee Regime
Authors: Owen David 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe central topic addressed in this essay is the relationship of duties of justice towards refugees and the distribution of responsibility for the protection of refugees (with particular focus on the questions of whether doing one’s fair share of refugee protection entails that one has done all that is required to discharge one’s duty of justice towards refugees). I address this topic in relation to the institutional context of the current international refugee regime. The first part of the essay lays out the normatively salient features of the current refugee regime and the relationship between duties of justice to refugees and the fair distribution of refugee protection that it institutes. In the course of this discussion, I draw particular attention to the fact that it is an important feature of the current refugee regime that it does not limit the duty to protect refugees to doing one’s fair share of refugee protection. The second part of the essay considers whether this feature of the refugee regime is justifiable by addressing arguments concerning whether duties of justice are limited to doing one’s fair share of refugee protection. In particular, this section addresses the argument proposed by David Miller that there is no duty of justice to take up the slack that is produced by the non-compliance of other actors. It argues that Miller’s argument is invalid and that duties of justice towards refugees may require doing more than one’s fair share, but also that there is an obligation to seek the fairest arrangements compatible with effective refugee protection. In the final section, I consider the significance and difficulties of the issue of a fair distribution of refugee protection for the contemporary refugee regime.
Effect of bond administration on construction project delivery
Authors: Oke Ayodeji Emmanuel 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Construction bond administration involves management of bond issues from inception of obtaining bond from guarantor to the point of release of contractor by the client. This process has posted a lot of challenges to construction stakeholders; it is therefore, necessary to examine the relationship between bond administration and project success. Archival data of completed bonded building projects were gathered through a pro forma developed for this purpose. Using Pearson product moment of correlation, it was revealed that the cost of securing a construction bond has a positive and significant effect on the initial and final costs of the project, while the number of days needed to secure a construction bond has no significant effect on the initial and final durations of the construction project. In order to establish the relationship between project delivery indices of cost and time and the construction bond administration variables, iteration of linear regression was adopted to arrive at the best-fit equation. Factors affecting the cost of securing construction bonds from guarantors should be identified and given adequate attention by construction stakeholders in order to minimize the effect of construction bond administration on project delivery.
The Rise of Person-Based Politics in the New Democracies: The Czech Republic and Slovenia
Authors: Cabada Ladislav , Tomšič Matevž 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn the article, the authors address certain recent political developments in two former communist countries, the Czech Republic and Slovenia. They focus on the rise of personalized politics, i.e. the type of political conduct that is driven predominantly by the personal character of political leaders (much more than by programs and ideologies). Specifically, the authors look at the weak political partisanship in East-Central Europe as one of the key factors triggering person-based politics. They find that personalized leadership has divergent consequences for political life in a democratic polity. It is very effective in mobilizing mass support as well as in overcoming many organizational obstacles. However, its influence on the quality of the democratic process is questionable.
Anti-Romani Terrorism in Europe
Authors: Mareš Miroslav 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article analyzes terrorism against the Roma in Europe. It identifies acts of terrorism in violence that targets the largest stateless nation on the continent and categorizes this terrorism according to current research methods. Focusing on events in both Western and Eastern Europe, the article analyses and compares the most significant terrorist acts against the Roma of recent years. It concludes that anti-Romani terrorism is heterogeneous in terms of tactics, strategies, and ideological justification, yet can usually be subsumed into the broadly conceived category of far-right terrorism. The variety of attacks suggests that terrorist acts are an offshoot of the broad spectrum of anti-Romani activity, and are influenced by contemporary trends in inter-ethnic violence.
GP5 Protein-based ELISA for the Detection of PRRSV Antibodies
Authors: Wang Y. , Guo J. , Qiao S. , Li Q. , Yang J. , Jin Q. , Zhang G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important swine pathogen, causing huge economic losses each year worldwide. Immunization with vaccines containing the glycoprotein 5 (GP5) of PRRSV is the main measure to induce neutralizing antibodies and control the disease. Here, we developed a GP5 protein-based ELISA for detecting antibodies against PRRSV. The overall yield of purified GP5 inE. coliflask culture was more than 45 mg/L cell culture. Western blot and IFA indicated that the GP5 protein was highly immunogenic. After optimization and validation with IDEXX PRRS using 566 clinical sera, the DSN, DSP, and accuracy of GP5-ELISA were 81.39%, 75.96%, and 80.39%, respectively. Besides, GP5-ELISA is highly specific, showing no cross-reactions with sera against other important swine pathogens. Hence, GP5 is a good diagnostic antigen and the GP5 protein-based ELISA has the potential to be used in the field.
Comparison of High-field and Low-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Stifle Joint Disorders in Dogs
Authors: Przeworski A. , Adamiak Z. , Głodek J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe most common cause of hindlimb lameness in dogs is cranial cruciate ligament rupture. In 48-77.3% of the population this trauma leads to secondary damage of the meniscus. Depending on the magnetic strength of the used device, different diagnostic accuracy can be achieved. The examination sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging is affected by many factors which are independent of diagnostic strength, such as correct positioning of the patient, size of the stifle joint examined, or selection of the right protocol of sequences. Sensitivity of meniscus damage detection was 100% and 90%, respectively, in high- and low-field magnetic resonance. The best results were reported during examination of the stifle in dogs above 10 kg b.w. at a flexion angle of 145°, and in sagittal and dorsal planes. Regardless of the magnetic strength applied, imaging of the whole cranial cruciate ligament is difficult. Moreover, MRI allows the detection of the first signs of osteoarthritis, which were observed 4 and 6 weeks after rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament using high and low-field MRI. This also applies to lesions in the subchondral bone or a bone marrow which occurred in association with insufficiency of the stifle joint, and were mainly localized in the epiphysis of the femur and tibia. The present article provides a comparison of different examination protocols and images of damaged stifle structures, such as menisci, ligaments and bones of the stifle joint visualized with low-field and high-field magnetic resonance. Magnetic resonance arthrography is also discussed.
Water Quality of Lake Ełk as a Factor Connected with Tourism, Leisure and Recreation on an Urban Area
Authors: Tandyrak Renata , Parszuto Katarzyna , Grochowska Jolanta 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Lake Ełk as an important element of the urban landscape is associated with tourism and active recreation and because of it with the economy of the town. Since 1999 the renovation method with the use of artificial aeration with simultaneous phosphorus inactivation and also as a biological filter – BIO-HYDRO structures were applied on the lake. This process was lasting 10 years and brought only a short-term improvement. At the same time, the shores of the lake were managed to develop of lake tourism: beach, swimming pool, tennis courts, a promenade, and two a water equipment rentals. The illuminated fountain, the road bridge and well – developed catering – accommodation base were made as well.
CFD Design Study of a Pressure Probe for Centerline Static Pressure Measurement in Supersonic Ejectors
Authors: Bouhanguel Ala , Desevaux Philippe , Khan Mohamed 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The measurement of the static pressure of the flow inside a supersonic ejector can be achieved by using a thin tube with a radially drilled hole to capture the flow pressure, and which is inserted along the ejector axis. This paper presents a numerical study by CFD permitting to predict the disturbances generated by the presence of the probe in the ejector. Also this study allows guiding the design of the probe, in particular of the capillary tube diameter for the least disturbed measurement. A probe prototype has been built and tested on an ejector test bench.
Liouville Correspondence Between the Short-Pulse Hierarchy and the Sine-Gordon Hierarchy
Authors: Kang Jing , Liu Xiaochuan , Qu Changzheng 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The Liouville correspondence between the short-pulse integrable hierarchy and the sine-Gordon integrable hierarchy is studied. It is shown that the transformation relating the short-pulse equation with the sine-Gordon equation also establishes the correspondence between their flows and Hamiltonian conservation laws in respective hierarchy. This proposes an alternative approach to derive the Hamiltonian conservation laws of the short-pulse equation from the known ones of the classical sine-Gordon equation.
Features of Magnetocaloric Effect in Er(Co-Fe)2 Laves Phases
Authors: Anikin M.S. , Tarasov E.N. , Kudrevatykh N.V. , Semkin M.A. , Volegov A.S. , Inishev A.A. , Zinin A.V. 
Published: October 2016

<p>In this work the results of measurements of heat capacity (C<sub>P</sub>) and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in Er(Co<sub>1-</sub><sub>х</sub>Fe<sub>х</sub>)<sub>2</sub> system in the concentration range 0.07 ≤ x ≤ 0.80 are presented. Phase composition was controlled by X-ray difraction analysis. Heat capacity was measured in the temperature range 77-320 K. MCE has been studied within the temperature range 5-670 K in magnetic fields up to 70 kOe. It was found that Fe concentration increase caused the table-like (plateau) MCE temperature dependence for both magnetic entropy change date and direct ∆T-effect measurements independently on Fe concentration. The possible reasons of such behavior are discussed.</p>
Synthesis In Supercritical Ammonia And Characterization Of Nanostructured Nickel Oxinitride
Authors: Ding K.J. , Semenov M.Yu. 
Published: October 2016

<p>Supercritical fluids have shown an increasing interest as reactive media (tunable properties from liquid to gas) to synthesize nanostructured materials by thermal decomposition of inorganic precursors at relatively low pressure and temperature. The particle formation process (nucleation and growth) is made by high supersaturation in the supercritical fluid. So, the adjustment of synthesis process parameters results in a precise control of particle shape, size (between 10 nm and 10 μm), and chemical composition. We present the technique of thermal, chemical-heat, and structural strength treatment of materials to produce nanostructured nickel oxinitride in supercritical ammonia (solvent and reactant) from the thermal decomposition of nickel hexafluroroacetylacetonate (280°C, 18 MPa). A preliminary study concerning magnetic properties of the material was done and a correlation between particle size and magnetic behavior was pointed out.</p>
Influence of Magnetic Prehistory on the Exchange Bias in Fe20Ni80/FeMn/Fe20Ni80 Films
Authors: Kulikova T.V. , Stepanova E.A. , Vas’kovskiy V.O. 
Published: October 2016

<p>In this work peculiarities of the hysteresis properties formation in permalloy layers included in Fe<sub>20</sub>Ni<sub>80</sub>/FeMn/Fe<sub>20</sub>Ni<sub>80</sub> films were investigated. Temperature dependencies of magnetization reversal parameters were analyzed in the temperature range 5-300 K for samples with various FeMn thickness (2÷4 nm). Conditions of the exchange bias emergence were determined. Magnetic history was shown to have a significant effect on the magnitude and the character of the exchange bias.</p>
Problems Of Operation Of Elastomer Materials In The Arctic Region
Authors: Petrova N.N. , Portnyagina V.V. , Mukhin V.V. , Kyzmina E.S. 
Published: October 2016

<p>The operability of frost-resistant industrial sealing rubbers on the basis of full-scale exposure of rubber samples in the environment of oil in cold climate has been investigated. It is found that interaction of rubbers with oil media (fuel, lubricants) causes diffusion of a plasticizer from the elastomer material into the contacting medium and decrease of frost resistance coefficient. Choosing the material for production of different seals for the conditions of the North one must use rubbers with significant temperature range of operation, for example propylen-oxide elastomer, which is highly frost resistant and has a stable set of operational properties.</p>
Magnetic Structures of Some Multiferroics
Authors: Semkin M.A. , Urusova N.V. , Kellerman D.G. , Nosov A.P. , Lee S. , Pirogov A.N. 
Published: October 2016

<p>We studied crystal and magnetic structures of some composite and single-phase multiferroics: (<em>x</em>)MFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> + (1-<em>x</em>)BaTiO<sub>3</sub>, Ni<sub>3-<em>y</em></sub>Co<em><sub>y</sub></em>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>, and Bi<sub>0.9</sub>Ba<sub>0.1</sub>Fe<sub>0.9</sub>Ti<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Composite multiferroics (<em>x</em>)MFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> + (1-<em>x</em>)BaTiO<sub>3</sub> with <em>x</em> = (0.2; 0.3; 0.4) and M = (Ni, Co) have ferrimagnetic structure, which is described by the propagation vector <strong><em>k</em></strong> = 0. Oxides Ni<sub>3-<em>y</em></sub>Co<em><sub>y</sub></em>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> with <em>y</em> = (0.1; 0.3; 0.5) possess a modulated magnetic structure, described by the vector <strong><em>k</em></strong> = (δ, 0, 0), where δ = 0.283 and 0.348 at 7.4 K for <em>y</em> = 0.1 and 0.5, respectively. In the Bi<sub>0.9</sub>Ba<sub>0.1</sub>Fe<sub>0.9</sub>Ti<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3</sub> multiferroic a magnetic order is destroyed at 600 K and the Fe-ion magnetic moment decreases from µ = 3.46(5) μ<sub>B</sub> at 300 K to zero at 600 K.</p>
Effect Of Annealing On The Behavior Of Oxygen Dissolved In Germanium And Optical Properties Of Single Crystals
Authors: Shimanskii A.F. , Podkopaev O.I. , Pavluk T.O. , Kopytkova S.A. , Gorodishcheva A. N. , Filatov R.A. 
Published: October 2016

<p>The annealing effect in the temperature range from 350 to 450 °С on the behavior of interstitial oxygen О<sub>i</sub> dissolved in germanium and on optical properties of single crystals has been investigated by Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry. It was found that oxygen band maximum of 843 cm<sup>–1</sup> shifted toward the 856 cm<sup>−1</sup> with oxygen concentration increasing after annealing at the oxygen partial pressure ranged from 1 to 10<sup>3</sup> Pа. The annealing at lower values led to the decrease of 843 cm<sup>–1</sup> band intensity due to the formation of thermal donors (TD) on the basis of dissolved oxygen atoms О<sub>i</sub>. It was established that TD formation and the decrease of unbound oxygen concentration affected optical properties of the crystals.</p>
Electromechanical Measurements Of Gd-Doped Ceria Thin Films By Laser Interferometry
Authors: Ushakov A.D. , Yavo N. , Mishuk E. , Lubomirsky I. , Shur V.Ya. , Kholkin A.L. 
Published: October 2016

Highly sensitive laser interferometer was built to measure electromechanical coupling in Gd-doped ceria Ce<sub>0.9</sub>Gd<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2-x</sub> thin films in the frequency range up to 20 kHz. Spurious resonances due to substrate bending were avoided by the special mounting of the film in the center of substrate. Compact design allowed to reach high vertical resolution of about 0.2 pm. Electrostriction coefficient measured in 1 µm thick Ce<sub>0.9</sub>Gd<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2-x</sub> film was 4.3×10<sup>-21 </sup>m<sup>2</sup>/V<sup>2</sup> and slightly decreased with frequency till the extensional resonance of the substrate at about 20 kHz occurred. As expected, the displacement varied as a square of applied voltage without any sign of saturation.
A collaborative study to establish the 6th national standard for anti-Rabies Immunogloblin in China
Authors: Shi Leitai , Cao Shouchun , Wu Xiaohong , Li Jia , Wang Yunpeng , Yu Yongxin , Li Yuhua 
Published: October 2016

<p class="Default"><a name="OLE_LINK2"></a><a name="OLE_LINK1"></a><span lang="EN-US">The 6<sup>th</sup> National Standard for anti-Rabies Immunoglobulin in China was</span><span lang="EN-US"> calibrated by means of two assay methods, the mouse neutralization test(MNT)-a rabies virus neutralization test in mice and the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test-a neutralization test in cell culture.The calibration was made as an national collaborative assay comprising ten laboratories in China.The results obtained in this study illustrate the differences between the two methods,could not be generally confirmed. Based on the calibration results obtained against the 2<sup>nd</sup> International Standard for anti-Rabies Immunoglobulin ,the <a name="drugsNameEn"></a>6<sup>th</sup> National Standard for Anti-rabies immunoglobulin with a defined unitage of 37.0 International Units of rabies antiboides in each ampoule.</span></p>
A descriptive retrospective study on children with newly diagnosed nephrotic syndrome presented to Tripoli Children Hospital during the period between Jan. to Dec. 2014
Authors: Rhuma Naziha Ramadan , El Boeshi Awatif S , Sabei Laila T , Kara Azza M 
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical picture characterized by severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema and hypercholesterolemia. A retrospective study was carried out in order to describe disease pattern in newly diagnosed nephrotic syndrome of children admitted to Tripoli children hospital during the year 2014.Methods: The medical data of 56 patients aged between 1 year and 11 years diagnosed with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome were analysed using SPSS software. The data included gender differences, sensitivity to steroid therapy, relapses during six months of follow up and the effect of variable factors such as family history, hypertension, hematuria, serum urea on the degree of relapse.Results: Out of 56 patients with newly diagnosed nephrotic syndrome (NS), 60.7% were boys and 39.3% were girls, with a mean age 4.2±2.2 years. Age was related significantly to the response to steroid therapy, where 79.5% of patients aged between 2-8 years (group 1) had steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) compared with only 41.7% of patients aged less than 2 years or more than 8 years (group 2) (P<0.001). Although girls relapsed more than boys (70.5% versus 57.1%) during six months of therapy, this difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, no other factors measured such as family history of NS, hypertension, hematuria, serum complement and urea had any effect on the percentage of relapse in patients with newly diagnosed NS. Conclusion: NS is one of the commonest reasons for admission to nephrology ward. It is more common in boys than girls. The age at presentation related significantly to the response to steroidal therapy. Regarding relapses, girls seems to relapse more frequent than boys and relapses was seen more in age group 1 than group 2, however, these differences were not significant. Other factors studied seems to have no effect on the relapse rate of children with newly diagnosed NS.Key-words: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, Steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome, Steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome, Proteinuria.
Studies and evaluation of compressed microspheres
Authors: El-Mahdi Idris M. , Madi Atef M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis work was aimed at the use of dissolution testing and similarity factor to assess the level of damage taken by active drug microspheres during compression in tablet dosage form. To achieve that, combinations of suitable excipients were used to protect drug microspheres during compression. The excipients were used in the form of powders, granules or placebo pellets prepared by extrusion-spheronization technology. The excipients were evaluated alone, in combinations and post-compression into compacts. Preliminary experiments included assessing density, hardness, friability and disintegration of all the selected excipients. Based on such experiments it was found that the flowability of combination of powders was more acceptable than individual excipients. Two combinations of microcrystalline -starch and microcrystalline cellulose -calcium carbonate granules were selected to be compressed with pellets of the active pharmaceutical ingredient ketoprofen. In all the combinations used there was a significant amount of damage to drug pellets. The kinetics of drug release appears to follow the zero-order rate, which remained unchanged even when a significant degree of damage to pellets occurs. It was found that a high level of excipients is required in order to prepare microspheres as a rapid disintegrating tablet.
Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers effects on the antinociceptive action of imipramine against thermal induced pain in albino mice
Authors: Zawia H A , Blaou F A , Elhwuegi A S 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Tricyclic antidepressant have been shown to be effective in treatment of pain of varying etiology, monoaminergic system seems to be implicated in this phenomena. This research examines the role of beta-adrenergic receptor blockers on the antinociceptive effect of imipramine in albino mice using thermal model of pain.
Methods: Different groups of five animals each were injected intraperitoneal by different doses of imipramine only (2.5, 7.5,15, 30 mg/kg), atenolol (2 mg/kg), propranolol (6mg/kg), or the combination of the different doses of imipramine with the fixed dose of atenolol or propranolol. The degree of analgesia was measured as an increase in reaction time to pain in the hot plate one hour after drugs injections.
Results: Imipramine produced dose dependent increase in reaction time from 129% with the lowest dose to 196% with the highest dose. One-way ANOVA analysis has shown that the addition of a fixed dose of propranolol antagonized significantly the increase in reaction time to 75% with the lowest dose and 118.9% with the highest dose of imipramine. On the other hand, atenolol failed to antagonize significantly the increase in reaction time induced by imipramine.
Conclusion: Imipramine has a significant analgesic effect on albino mice in the hot plate test. The antinociceptive action of imipramine seems to be of central origin and possibly mediated, at least in part, by beta adrenergic receptors, as this analgesic effect can be blocked by propranolol, a centrally acting non-selective beta adrenergic receptor antagonist, but not with atenolol which blocks only the peripheral beta receptors.