bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic distribution of regeneration and asexual reproduction in Annelida: regeneration is ancestral and fission evolves in regenerative clades
Authors: Zattara Eduardo E. , Bely Alexandra E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRegeneration, the ability to replace lost body structures, and agametic asexual reproduction, such as fission and budding, are post‐embryonic developmental capabilities widely distributed yet highly variable across animals. Regeneration capabilities vary dramatically both within and across phyla, but the evolution of regeneration ability has rarely been reconstructed in an explicitly phylogenetic context. Agametic reproduction appears strongly associated with high regenerative abilities, and there are also extensive developmental similarities between these two processes, suggesting that the two are evolutionarily related. However, the directionality leading to this relationship remains unclear: while it has been proposed that regeneration precedes asexual reproduction, the reverse hypothesis has also been put forward. Here, we use phylogenetically explicit methods to reconstruct broad patterns of regeneration evolution and formally test these hypotheses about the evolution of fission in the phylum Annelida (segmented worms). We compiled from the literature a large dataset of information on anterior regeneration, posterior regeneration, and fission abilities for 401 species and mapped this information onto a phylogenetic tree based on recent molecular studies. We used Markovian maximum likelihood and Bayesian MCMC methods to evaluate different models for the evolution of regeneration and fission and to estimate the likelihood of each of these traits being present at each node of the tree. Our results strongly support anterior and posterior regeneration ability being present at the basal node of the annelid tree and being lost 18 and 5 times, respectively, but never regained. By contrast, the ability to fission is reconstructed as being absent at the basal node and being gained at least 19 times, with several possible losses. Models assuming independent evolution of regeneration and fission yield significantly lower likelihoods. Our findings suggest that anterior and posterior regeneration are ancestral for Annelida and are consistent with the hypothesis that regenerative ability is required to evolve fission.
Influence of visitors on the behaviour of Yellow‐breasted capuchins Sapajus xanthosternos at Belo Horizonte Zoo (BH Zoo), Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues N. S. S. O. , Azevedo C. S. 
Published: November 2016

Visitors, especially in large noisy crowds, have the potential to influence the life of animals in zoological institutions, the so‐called visitor effect. This study aimed to evaluate the effect visitors had on four Yellow‐breasted capuchins Sapajus xanthosternos at Belo Horizonte Zoo (BH Zoo), Brazil. The study comprised 60 hours of behavioural observations: 30 with and 30 without visitors in front of the monkeys’ enclosure. Data on the behaviour of capuchins were collected from March to June 2011 using focal sampling with instantaneous recording of behaviour every minute. Results showed that the responses to visitors varied between individuals for almost all behaviours; undesirable behaviours decreased for two capuchins when public were present but increased for one female. Behaviours such as ‘self‐grooming’ and ‘social interactions’ (e.g. fights, allogrooming) increased, showing that the behaviour of the capuchins altered in the presence of visitors. At BH Zoo the public often interacted with the capuchins. Whether the visitors were acting as enrichment factors or stressors for the capuchins is inconclusive, because the overall behavioural responses of the capuchins varied. In conclusion, to reduce visitor‐induced stress responses for the individuals affected by them, a public‐education programme, to reduce human–capuchin interactions, should be introduced at BH Zoo.
Baseline blood pressure control in Hispanics: characteristics of Hispanics in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial
Authors: Rodriguez Carlos J. , Still Carolyn H. , Garcia Katelyn R. , Wagenknecht Lynne , White Suzanne , Bates Jeffrey T. , Del Cid Margareth V. , Lioudis Michael , Lopez Barrera Nieves , Moreyra Abel , Punzi Henry , Ringer Robert J. , Cushman William C. , Contreras Gabriel , Servilla Karen , Rocco Michael ,   the SPRINT Research Group
Published: November 2016

The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) tested whether a systolic blood pressure (SBP) value <120 mm Hg reduces adverse clinical outcomes compared with the goal of <140 mm Hg. Here the authors describe the baseline characteristics of Hispanic participants in SPRINT. Nondiabetic hypertensive patients 50 years and older with SBP 130–180 mm Hg taking zero to four blood pressure (BP) medications were enrolled from the mainland United States and Puerto Rico. Cross‐sectional, bivariate analysis was employed comparing sociodemographic and clinical factors in Hispanics vs non‐Hispanics. Multivariable logistic regression models restricted to Hispanics were used to identify factors associated with achieved BP control (SBP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg) at baseline. Eleven percent (n=984) of SPRINT participants were Hispanic; 56% (n=549) of Hispanics were living in Puerto Rico and the remainder were living on the US mainland. Hispanics overall were younger, more often female, less likely to live alone, and more likely to have lower education and be uninsured, although just as likely to be employed compared with non‐Hispanics. BP control was not different between Hispanics vs non‐Hispanics at baseline. However, a significantly higher percentage of Hispanics on the US mainland (compared with Hispanics in Puerto Rico) had controlled BP. BP control was independently associated with cardiovascular disease history and functional status among Hispanics, specifically those living in Puerto Rico, whereas functional status was the only independent predictor of BP control identified among mainland Hispanics. These findings highlight the diversity of the SPRINT population. It remains to be seen whether factors identified among Hispanics impact intervention goals and subsequent clinical outcomes.
NCAPG2 promotes tumour proliferation by regulating G2/M phase and associates with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhan Ping , Xi Guang‐min , Zhang Bin , Wu Ying , Liu Hong‐bing , Liu Ya‐fang , Xu Wu‐jian , Zhu Qingqing , Cai Feng , Zhou Ze‐jun , Miu Ying‐ying , Wang Xiao‐xia , Jin Jia‐jia , Li Qian , Lv Tang‐feng , Song Yong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNCAPG2 is a component of the condensin II complex and contributes to chromosome segregation via microtubule–kinetochore attachment during mitosis. It is well known that NCAPG2 plays a critical role in cell mitosis; however, the role of altered NCAPG2 expression and its transcriptional regulatory function in cancer development remains mostly unknown. Here, for the first time we reported that NCAPG2 was evidently increased in non‐small cell lung cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal lung tissues. Clinicopathological data analysis showed that NCAPG2 overexpression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and pathologic‐Tumour Nodes Metastasen stages, and was an independent prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Moreover, siRNA‐mediated knockdown of NCAPG2 could inhibit tumour cell growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549 and H1299) in vitro and could significantly lead to cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase. Furthermore, we found that NCAPG2 silencing significantly decreased the expression levels of G2/M phase cell cycle‐related protein expressions (Cyclin B1, Cdc2) and increased the expression levels of p27 and p21 through Western blot analysis. Taken together, we demonstrated that increased NCAPG2 expression could regulate cell proliferation and identified as a poor prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma.
Leprosy reactions in postelimination stage: the Bangladesh experience
Authors: Mowla M.R. , Ara S. , Mizanur Rahman A.F.M. , Tripura S.P. , Paul S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundLeprosy reactions are immunologically mediated conditions and a major cause of disability before, during and after multidrug therapy (MDT). Little data have been published on the epidemiology of leprosy reactions in Bangladesh.ObjectivesTo describe the pattern and prevalence of leprosy reactions in the postelimination stage.MethodsA descriptive retrospective cross‐sectional study was carried out in Chittagong Medical College Hospital using the registered records of patients in the period between 2004 and 2013.ResultsOf the 670 patients with leprosy, 488 (73.38%) were males and 182 (27.37%) were females. The prevalence of reaction was in 300 (44.78%) patients with a male:female ratio of 3.55 : 1. The age‐specific cumulative reaction cases at >40 years were 115 (38.33%) among all age groups. The prevalence of reaction was found to be in 166 (55.33%) patients for the reversal reaction, 49 (16.57%) for the erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) and 85 (28.33%) for the neuritis. Borderline tuberculoid was most common (106, 35.33%)in the reversal reaction group, while lepromatous leprosy was most common (37, 12.33%) in ENL group. More than half of the patients (169, 56.33%) had reactions at the time of presentations, while 85 (28.33%) and 46 (15.33%) patients developed reaction during and after MDT, respectively. The reversal reaction group presented with ≥six skin lesions in 96 (57.83%) patients and ≥two nerve function impairments (NFIs) in 107 (64.46%) patients. The ENL was present chiefly as papulo‐nodular lesions in 45 (91.84%) patients followed by pustule‐necrotic lesions in four (8.16%), neuritis in 33 (67.35%), fever in 24 (48.98%), lymphadenitis in six (12.24%), arthritis in five (10.20%) and iritis in two (4.08%). Bacterial index ≥3 had been demonstrated in 34 (60.71%) patients in ENL group.ConclusionThe incidence of leprosy reaction seemed to be more than three times common in borderline tuberculoid (52.33%) group than in lepromatous leprosy (14%) group. Reactions with NFI and disability still occur among multibacillary patients during and after MDT. Early detection and management of leprosy reaction are very important in preventing disability and deformity, and patients should be educated to undergo regular follow‐up examinations. Developing reinforced new therapies to curb leprosy reactions is crucial for improving leprosy healthcare services.
S2k guideline for treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus – guided by the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) in cooperation with the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV)
Authors: Kuhn A. , Aberer E. , Bata‐Csörgő Z. , Caproni M. , Dreher A. , Frances C. , Gläser R. , Klötgen H.‐W. , Landmann A. , Marinovic B. , Nyberg F. , Olteanu R. , Ranki A. , Szepietowski J.C. , Volc‐Platzer B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a rare inflammatory autoimmune disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. To date, no therapeutic agents have been licensed specifically for patients with this disease entity, and topical and systemic drugs are mostly used ‘off‐label’. The aim of the present guideline was to achieve a broad consensus on treatment strategies for patients with CLE by a European subcommittee, guided by the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) and supported by the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV). In total, 16 European participants were included in this project and agreed on all recommendations. Topical corticosteroids remain the mainstay of treatment for localized CLE, and further topical agents, such as calcineurin inhibitors, are listed as alternative first‐line or second‐line topical therapeutic option. Antimalarials are recommended as first‐line and long‐term systemic treatment in all CLE patients with severe and/or widespread skin lesions, particularly in patients with a high risk of scarring and/or the development of systemic disease. In addition to antimalarials, systemic corticosteroids are recommended as first‐line treatment in highly active and/or severe CLE. Second‐ and third‐line systemic treatments include methotrexate, retinoids, dapsone and mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolate acid, respectively. Thalidomide should only be used in selected therapy‐refractory CLE patients, preferably in addition to antimalarials. Several new therapeutic options, such as B‐cell‐ or interferon α‐targeted agents, need to be further evaluated in clinical trials to assess their efficacy and safety in the treatment of patients with CLE.
Correlated paternity measures mate monopolization and scales with the magnitude of sexual selection
Authors: Dorken M. E. , Perry L. E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIndirect measures of sexual selection have been criticized because they can overestimate the magnitude of selection. In particular, they do not account for the degree to which mating opportunities can be monopolized by individuals of the sex that compete for mates. We introduce a measure of mate monopolization (m) based on the magnitude of correlated paternity and evaluate its ability to track changes in the magnitude of sexual selection. Simulation models were used to compare how well m tracked changes in the selection differential (s) for a trait regulating mating success. We further evaluated the association between m and s using ten replicate mating arrays of Sagittaria latifolia in which plants with contrasting alleles at microsatellite loci competed for siring opportunities. The computer models and mating arrays both demonstrated a positive linear association between m and s, supporting the utility of m as an index of sexual selection. Commonly used measures of sexual selection are not easily applied to organisms, such as the flowering plants, for which mating events are difficult to observe. The measure of mate monopolization introduced here could prove to be a useful addition to studies of sexual selection in these organisms.
Single‐incision versus conventional three‐incision laparoscopic appendectomy: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Deng Lihui , Xiong Junjie , Xia Qing 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundConventional three‐incision laparoscopic appendectomy (CTLA) is considered the new golden standard for the treatment of acute appendicitis. However, single‐incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA) can further reduce the number of abdominal incisions and visible scars.MethodsMajor databases were researched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing SILA and CTLA for acute appendicitis from January 1983 and to March 2015. The technical feasibility, effectiveness, and safety between SILA and CTLA were compared. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed‐ or random‐effects models.ResultsIn total, 11 RCTs with 1489 patients were analyzed. The patients in the SILA group had a significantly shorter hospital duration (WMD: –0.63; 95% CI: –1.04, –0.21; P = 0.003) and return to activity (WMD: –2.91; 95% CI: –5.45, –0.37; P = 0.02) but experienced a longer operating time (WMD: 6.56; 95% CI: 3.55, 9.58; P < 0.0001) and higher rate of conversion (OR: 6.82; 95% CI: 3.14, 14.79; P < 0.00001). There were no differences between the two groups in visual analog pain scores, doses of analgesics, overall complication rates, wound infection, or cosmesis (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsSILA is a safer and more effective than CTLA in both pediatric and adult patients.
Factors Influencing Transitions Between Frailty States in Elderly Adults: The Progetto Veneto Anziani Longitudinal Study
Authors: Trevisan Caterina , Veronese Nicola , Maggi Stefania , Baggio Giovannella , Toffanello Elena Debora , Zambon Sabina , Sartori Leonardo , Musacchio Estella , Perissinotto Egle , Crepaldi Gaetano , Manzato Enzo , Sergi Giuseppe 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate frailty state transitions in a cohort of older Italian adults to identify factors exacerbating or improving frailty conditions.DesignPopulation‐based longitudinal study with mean follow‐up of 4.4 years.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsIndividuals enrolled in the Progetto Veneto Anziani (Pro.V.A.) (N = 2,925; n = 1,179 male, n = 1,746 female; mean age 74.4 ± 7.3).MeasurementsFrailty was identified at baseline and follow‐up based on the presence of at least three Fried criteria; prefrailty was defined as the presence of one or two Fried criteria. Anthropometric, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics were assessed at baseline in a personal interview and clinical examination using validated scales and medical history.ResultsDuring the study period, 1,114 (38.1%) subjects retained their baseline frailty status, 1,066 (36.4%) had a transition in frailty status, and the remainder of the sample died. Older age, female sex, obesity, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, smoking, loss of vision, low levels of self‐sufficiency and physical performance, cognitive impairment, hypovitaminosis D, hyperuricemia, and polypharmacy were associated with increasing frailty and greater mortality. Conversely, overweight, low to moderate drinking, high educational level, and living alone were associated with decreasing frailty.ConclusionsFrailty was confirmed as a dynamic syndrome, with socioeconomic and clinical factors that could be targets of preventive actions influencing transitions to better or worse frailty status.
Trends in Operative and Nonoperative Hip Fracture Management 1990–2014: A Longitudinal Analysis of Manitoba Administrative Data
Authors: Cram Peter , Yan Lin , Bohm Eric , Kuzyk Paul , Lix Lisa M. , Morin Suzanne N. , Majumdar Sumit R. , Leslie William D. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate longitudinal trends in the use of total hip arthroplasty (THA), hemiarthroplasty (HA), internal fixation (IF), and nonoperative management and to identify individual‐level factors associated with nonoperative treatment of hip fracture (HF).DesignLongitudinal analysis of administrative data.SettingManitoba, Canada.ParticipantsAll adults who experienced nontraumatic hip fractures between 1990 and 2014 (N = 19,626; mean age 80.6, 72.3% female).MeasurementsBilling codes were used to identify surgical treatment, and trends in treatment over time were examined. Regression models were developed to identify individual factors associated with receiving nonoperative management.ResultsUse of THA increased from 0.6% for all HFs in 1990–94 to 5.3% in 2010–14, use of HA increased from 19.3% to 29.7%, and use of IF declined from 71.8% to 59.9% (P < .001 for all); increase in THA and HA were largest in individuals with femoral neck fracture. Nonoperative management declined from 8.3% in 1990–94 to 5.1% in 2010–14 (P < .001). Factors associated with nonoperative management included aged 90 and older, male sex, residing in a care facility before fracture, and rural residence.ConclusionHF is increasingly treated with THA and HA, whereas rates of nonoperative management and IF are declining. Future efforts should focus on ensuring that all individuals are optimally triaged to the best procedure for them, with nonoperative management considered for individuals with extremely poor prefracture health.
High‐Dose Monthly Vitamin D for Prevention of Acute Respiratory Infection in Older Long‐Term Care Residents: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ginde Adit A. , Blatchford Patrick , Breese Keith , Zarrabi Lida , Linnebur Sunny A. , Wallace Jeffrey I. , Schwartz Robert S. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the efficacy and safety of high‐dose vitamin D supplementation for prevention of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in older long‐term care residents.DesignRandomized controlled trial investigating high‐dose vs standard‐dose vitamin D from 2010 to 2014.SettingColorado long‐term care facilities.ParticipantsLong‐term care residents aged 60 and older (n = 107).InterventionThe high‐dose group received monthly supplement of vitamin D3 100,000 IU, the standard‐dose group received a monthly placebo (for participants taking 400–1,000 IU/d as part of usual care) or a monthly supplement of 12,000 IU of vitamin D3 (for participants taking <400 IU/d as part of usual care).MeasurementsThe primary outcome was incidence of ARI during the 12‐month intervention. Secondary outcomes were falls and fractures, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels, hypercalcemia, and kidney stones.ResultsParticipants (55 high dose, 52 standard dose) were randomized and included in the final analysis. The high‐dose group had 0.67 ARIs per person‐year and the standard‐dose group had 1.11 (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.38–0.94, P = .02). Falls were more common in the high‐dose group (1.47 per person‐year vs 0.63 in standard‐dose group; IRR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.49–3.63, P < .001). Fractures were uncommon and similar in both groups (high dose 0.10 vs standard dose 0.19 per person‐year; P = .31). Mean trough 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels during the trial were 32. ng/mL in the high‐dose group and 25.1 ng/mL in the standard‐dose group. There was no hypercalcemia or kidney stones in either group.ConclusionMonthly high‐dose vitamin D3 supplementation reduced the incidence of ARI in older long‐term care residents but was associated with a higher rate of falls without an increase in fractures.
The regulator of calcineurin 1 increases adenine nucleotide translocator 1 and leads to mitochondrial dysfunctions
Authors: Jiang Hui , Zhang Chen , Tang Yu , Zhao Juan , Wang Tan , Liu Heng , Sun Xiulian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe over‐expression of regulator of calcineurin 1 isoform 1 (RCAN1.1) has been implicated in mitochondrial dysfunctions of Alzheimer's disease; however, the mechanism linking RCAN1.1 over‐expression and the mitochondrial dysfunctions remains unknown. In this study, we use human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells stably expressing RCAN1.1S and rat primary neurons infected with RCAN1.1S expression lentivirus to study the association of RCAN1 with mitochondrial functions. Our study here showed that the over‐expression of RCAN1.1S remarkably up‐regulates the expression of adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT1) by stabilizing ANT1 mRNA. The increased ANT1 level leads to accelerated ATP–ADP exchange rate, more Ca2+‐induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, increased cytochrome c release, and eventually cell apoptosis. Furthermore, knockdown of ANT1 expression brings these mitochondria perturbations caused by RCAN1.1S back to normal. The effect of RCAN1.1S on ANT1 was independent of its inhibition on calcineurin. This study elucidated a novel function of RCAN1 in mitochondria and provides a molecular basis for the RCAN1.1S over‐expression‐induced mitochondrial dysfunctions and neuronal apoptosis.image