bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasion of a dominant floral resource: effects on the floral community and pollination of native plants
Authors: Goodell Karen , Parker Ingrid M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThrough competition for pollinators, invasive plants may suppress native flora. Community‐level studies provide an integrative assessment of invasion impacts and insights into factors that influence the vulnerability of different native species. We investigated effects of the nonnative herb Lythrum salicaria on pollination of native species in 14 fens of the eastern United States. We compared visitors per flower for 122 native plant species in invaded and uninvaded fens and incorporated a landscape‐scale experiment, removing L. salicaria flowers from three of the invaded fens. Total flower densities were more than three times higher in invaded than uninvaded or removal sites when L. salicaria was blooming. Despite an increase in number of visitors with number of flowers per area, visitors per native flower declined with increasing numbers of flowers. Therefore, L. salicaria invasion depressed visitation to native flowers. In removal sites, visitation to native flowers was similar to uninvaded sites, confirming the observational results and also suggesting that invasion had not generated a persistent build‐up of visitor populations. To study species‐level impacts, we examined effects of invasion on visitors per flower for the 36 plant species flowering in both invaded and uninvaded fens. On average, the effect of invasion represented about a 20% reduction in visits per flower. We measured the influence of plant traits on vulnerability to L. salicaria invasion using meta‐analysis. Bilaterally symmetrical flowers experienced stronger impacts on visitation, and similarity in flower color to L. salicaria weakly intensified competition with the invader for visitors. Finally, we assessed the reproductive consequences of competition with the invader in a dominant flowering shrub, Dasiphora fruticosa. Despite the negative effect of invasion on pollinator visitation in this species, pollen limitation of seed production was not stronger in invaded than in uninvaded sites, suggesting little impact of competition for pollinators on its population demography. Negative effects on pollination of native plants by this copiously flowering invader appeared to be mediated by increases in total flower density that were not matched by increases in pollinator density. The strength of impact was modulated across native species by their floral traits and reproductive ecology.
Biomarker‐based risk prediction in the community
Authors: AbouEzzeddine Omar F. , McKie Paul M. , Scott Christopher G. , Rodeheffer Richard J. , Chen Horng H. , Michael Felker G. , Jaffe Allan S. , Burnett John C. , Redfield Margaret M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimsGuided by predictive characteristics of cardiovascular biomarkers, we explored the clinical implications of a simulated biomarker‐guided heart failure (HF) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) prevention strategy in the community.Methods and resultsIn a community cohort (n = 1824), the predictive characteristics for HF and MACE of galectin‐3 (Gal‐3), ST2, high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hscTnI), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were established. We performed number needed to screen (NNS) and treat (NNT) with the intervention analyses according to biomarker screening strategy and intervention efficacy in persons with at least one cardiovascular risk factor. In the entire cohort, for both HF and MACE, the predictive characteristics of NT‐proBNP and hscTnI were superior to other biomarkers; alone, in a multimarker model, and adjusting for clinical risk factors. An NT‐proBNP‐guided preventative intervention with an intervention effect size (4‐year hazard ratio for intervention in biomarker positive cohort) of ≤0.7 would reduce the global burden of HF by ≥20% and MACE by ≥15%. From this simulation, the NNS to prevent one HF event or MACE in 4 years would be ≤100 with a NNT to prevent one HF event of ≤20 and one MACE of ≤10.ConclusionsThe predictive characteristics of NT‐proBNP and hscTnI for HF or MACE in the community are superior to other biomarkers. Biomarker‐guided preventative interventions with reasonable efficacy would compare favourably to established preventative interventions. This data provides a framework for biomarker selection which may inform design of biomarker‐guided preventative intervention trials.
P‐Glycoprotein Inhibition Sensitizes Human Breast Cancer Cells to Proteasome Inhibitors
Authors: Deshmukh Rahul R. , Kim Seongho , Elghoul Yasmine , Dou Q. Ping 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTAlthough effective for the treatment of hematological malignancies, the FDA approved proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib have limited efficacy in solid tumors including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Chemotherapy is the only option for treating TNBC due to the absence of specific therapeutic targets. Therefore, development of new TNBC therapeutic strategies has been warranted. We studied whether P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) inhibition could sensitize TNBC cells to proteasome inhibitors. When verapamil, a P‐gp inhibitor, was combined with the proteasome inhibitor MG132, bortezomib, or carfilzomib, the cytotoxic effects and apoptosis in TNBC MDA‐MB‐231 cells were enhanced, compared to each treatment alone. Furthermore, addition of verapamil improved proteasome‐inhibitory properties of MG132, bortezomib, or carfilzomib in MDA‐MB‐231 cells, as shown by the increased accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and proteasome substrates such as IκBα and p27kip1. Additionally, when nicardipine, another P‐gp inhibitor, was combined with bortezomib or carfilzomib, enhanced inhibition of MDA‐MB‐231 cell proliferation was observed. These findings indicate that P‐gp inhibitors could sensitize TNBC cells to structurally and functionally diverse proteasome inhibitors and might provide new treatment strategy for TNBC. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1239–1248, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First‐trimester chorionic bump‐‐Association with fetal aneuploidy in a high‐risk population
Authors: Wax Joseph R. , Cartin Angelina , Litton Christian , Pinette Michael G. , Lucas F. L. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeTo determine the relationship between the first‐trimester chorionic bump and fetal aneuploidy.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included all singleton pregnancies with chromosomal analysis and sonographic examination performed between 5 0/7 and 13 6/7 weeks from January 1, 2010 through August 15, 2015. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement for identifying a chorionic bump was evaluated by the Kappa statistic. Pregnancies with and without a chorionic bump were compared regarding patient characteristics and fetal karyotypes.ResultsSix hundred ninety subjects were included, 16 (2.3%) having a bump. The kappa coefficients for interobserver agreement were 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71–1.00) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.82–1.00); those for intraobserver agreement were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.61–1.00) and perfect agreement. One hundred seventeen fetuses (16.9%) were aneuploid, of which five (4.3%) had a bump. The odds of aneuploidy in the presence of a chorionic bump were higher than those in the absence of a chorionic bump, although this difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% CI: 0.8–6.7). In subgroup analyses, odds of aneuploidy were four times higher in the bump group than in the no bump group among those with a sonographically isolated bump (OR 4.5, 95% CI: 1.5–13.5) and 15 times higher among those with an isolated bump and increased first‐trimester aneuploidy risk (OR 15.0, 95% CI 2.4–93.3).ConclusionsAgreement in identifying chorionic bumps is near‐perfect. A sonographically nonisolated chorionic bump is not associated with significant additional aneuploidy risk, whereas a sonographically isolated chorionic bump confers a significantly increased likelihood of aneuploidy in high‐risk fetuses. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:3–7, 2017
The impact of a cold chain break on the survival of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes on minimally processed ‘Conference’ pears during their shelf life
Authors: Colás‐Medà Pilar , Viñas Inmaculada , Alegre Isabel , Abadias Maribel 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years, improved detection methods and increased fresh‐cut processing of produce have led to an increased number of outbreaks associated with fresh fruits and vegetables. During fruit and vegetable processing, natural protective barriers are removed and tissues are cut, causing nutrient rich exudates and providing attachment sites for microbes. Consequently, fresh‐cut produce is more susceptible to microbial proliferation than whole produce.RESULTSThe aim of this study was to examine the impact of storage temperature on the growth and survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica on a fresh‐cut ‘Conference’ pear over an 8 day storage period. Pears were cut, dipped in antioxidant solution, artificially inoculated with L. monocytogenes and S. enterica, packed under modified atmospheric conditions simulating commercial applications and stored in properly refrigerated conditions (constant storage at 4 °C for 8 days) or in temperature abuse conditions (3 days at 4 °C plus 5 days at 8 °C). After 8 days of storage, both conditions resulted in a significant decrease of S. enterica populations on pear wedges. In contrast, when samples were stored at 4 °C for 8 days, L. monocytogenes populations increased 1.6 logarithmic units, whereas under the temperature abuse conditions, L. monocytogenes populations increased 2.2 logarithmic units.CONCLUSIONListeria monocytogenes was able to grow on fresh‐cut pears processed under the conditions described here, despite low pH, refrigeration and use of modified atmosphere. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Gender as a risk factor for adverse intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of elective pancreatectomy
Authors: Mazmudar Aditya , Vitello Dominic , Chapman Mackenzie , Tomlinson James S. , Bentrem David J. 
Published: November 2016

Background and ObjectivesPatient selection remains paramount when developing and adopting quality‐based assessment and reimbursement models, and enhanced recovery protocols. Gender is a patient characteristic known before surgery which can inform risk stratification. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of gender on intraoperative blood transfusions, operative time, length of hospital stay, estimated blood loss (EBL) as well as postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs), and mortality.MethodsPatients undergoing elective pancreatectomy from 2005 to 2013 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP) and Northwestern institutional databases. Multivariable analyses were conducted to identify the association between gender and these outcomes.ResultsAnalyses demonstrated that male gender was independently associated with blood transfusion (OR 1.23), operative time >6 hr (OR 1.76), length of stay greater than 11 days (OR 1.17), and all‐type SSIs (OR 1.17), especially superficial SSIs (OR 1.15) and organ space SSIs (OR 1.18). Analysis of the institutional cohort found that male gender was independently associated with increased odds of EBL > 1 L for Whipple procedures (OR 2.85).ConclusionsMale gender is a significant predictor of increased operative time, length of stay, transfusions, EBL > 1L, as well as postoperative organ space surgical site infections in these patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:131–136. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
3D‐accelerated, stack‐of‐spirals acquisitions and reconstruction of arterial spin labeling MRI
Authors: Chang Yulin V. , Vidorreta Marta , Wang Ze , Detre John A. 
Published: November 2016

PurposeThe goal of this study was to develop a 3D acceleration and reconstruction method to improve image quality and resolution of background‐suppressed arterial spin‐labeled perfusion MRI.MethodsAccelerated acquisition was implemented in all three k‐space dimensions in a stack‐of‐spirals readout using variable density spirals and partition undersampling. A single 3D self‐consistent parallel imaging (SPIRiT) kernel was calibrated and iteratively applied to reconstruct each imaging volume. Whole‐brain (including cerebellum) perfusion imaging was obtained at 3‐mm isotropic resolution (nominal) using single‐ and 2‐shot acquisitions and at 2‐mm isotropic resolution (nominal) using four‐shot acquisitions, achieving effective acceleration factors between 5.5 and 6.6. The signal‐to‐noise (SNR) performance of 3D SPIRiT was evaluated. The temporal SNR (tSNR) of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps and the gray/white matter CBF ratios were quantified.ResultsThe readout of the arterial spin labeling (ASL) sequence was significantly shortened with acceleration. The CBF values were consistent between accelerated and fully sampled ASL. With shorter spiral interleaves and shorter echo trains, the accelerated images demonstrated reduced blurring and signal dropout in regions with high susceptibility gradients, resulting in improved image quality and increased gray/white matter CBF ratios. The shortened readout was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in tSNR.ConclusionThe 3D acceleration and reconstruction allow a rapid whole‐brain readout that improved the quality of ASL perfusion imaging. Magn Reson Med 78:1405–1419, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Electronic quantum optics beyond the integer quantum Hall effect
Authors: Ferraro Dario , Jonckheere Thibaut , Rech Jérôme , Martin Thierry 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe analogs of two seminal quantum optics experiments are considered in a condensed‐matter setting with single‐electron sources injecting electronic wave packets on edge states coupled through a quantum point contact. When only one electron is injected, the measurement of noise correlations at the output of the quantum point contact corresponds to the Hanbury–Brown and Twiss setup. When two electrons are injected on opposite edges, the equivalent of the Hong–Ou–Mandel collision is achieved, exhibiting a dip, as in the coincidence measurements of quantum optics. The Landauer–Büttiker scattering theory is used to first review these phenomena in the integer quantum Hall effect, next, to focus on two more exotic systems: edge states of two‐dimensional topological insulators, where new physics emerges from time reversal symmetry and three‐electron collisions can be achieved; and edges states of a hybrid Hall/superconducting device, which allow electron quantum optics experiments with Bogoliubov quasiparticles to be performed.
The Pt (II)⋅⋅⋅Cl Interactions: Nature and Strength
Authors: Lu Bo , Zhang Xueying , Meng Lingpeng , Zeng Yanli 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Pt (II)⋅⋅⋅Cl interactions between trans‐Pt (NH3)2X2/cis‐Pt (NH3)2X2 (X=OH, F, Cl, Br) and ClF were constructed and studied by Møller‐Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) method. The metal Pt (II)‐complex could act as the halogen bond acceptor, the Pt (II)⋅⋅⋅Cl interaction strength depends on the nature and the configuration of platinum (II) ligands: the metal halogen‐bonding interactions in trans‐Pt (OH)2(NH3)2⋅⋅⋅ClF/cis‐Pt (OH)2(NH3)2⋅⋅⋅ClF are obviously stronger than those in trans‐PtX2(NH3)2⋅⋅⋅ClF/cis‐PtX2(NH3)2⋅⋅⋅ClF (X=F, Cl, Br); the halogen bonds in cis‐complexes are somewhat stronger than those in respective trans‐complexes. This particular Pt (II)⋅⋅⋅Cl interactions is much stronger than hydrogen bond and has some degree of covalent character. For the Pt (II)⋅⋅⋅Cl interactions, the charge transfer between the related molecular orbitals of PtX2(NH3)2 and ClF are obvious, which is consistent with that the exchange energy contributes most to the total interaction energy. The stronger of the Pt (II)⋅⋅⋅Cl interactions, the more decreased electron density outside Pt (II) facing the chlorine atom, and the more increased electron density between Pt (II) and Cl, indicating that the polarization effect plays an important role in the formation of the Pt (II)⋅⋅⋅Cl interactions.
Regular and almost universal hashing: an efficient implementation
Authors: Ivanchykhin Dmytro , Ignatchenko Sergey , Lemire Daniel 
Published: November 2016

SummaryRandom hashing can provide guarantees regarding the performance of data structures such as hash tables – even in an adversarial setting. Many existing families of hash functions are universal: given two data objects, the probability that they have the same hash value is low given that we pick hash functions at random. However, universality fails to ensure that all hash functions are well behaved. We might further require regularity: when picking data objects at random they should have a low probability of having the same hash value, for any fixed hash function. We present the efficient implementation of a family of non‐cryptographic hash functions (PM+) offering good running times, good memory usage, and distinguishing theoretical guarantees: almost universality and component‐wise regularity. On a variety of platforms, our implementations are comparable with the state of the art in performance. On recent Intel processors, PM+ achieves a speed of 4.7 bytes per cycle for 32‐bit outputs and 3.3 bytes per cycle for 64‐bit outputs. We review vectorization through Single Instruction on Multiple Data instructions (e.g., AVX2) and optimizations for superscalar execution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multi‐channel cooperative clustering‐based MAC protocol for V2V communications
Authors: Yang Fan , Zou Sai , Tang Yuliang , Du Xiaojiang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Internet of vehicles (IoV) is an emerging networking technology, which can support information sharing and interactions among users, vehicles, and infrastructures. Various applications can be provided by IoVs, and they have very different quality‐of‐service (QoS) requirements. It is a great challenge to design an efficient MAC protocol to meet the different QoS demands of various applications in IoVs, because of unreliable links and high vehicle mobility. On the other hand, cooperative communication is effective in mitigating wireless channel impairments by utilizing the broadcast nature of wireless channels. In this paper, a multi‐channel cooperative clustering‐based MAC (MCC‐MAC) protocol, under the Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) multi‐channel architecture, is presented to improve the transmission reliability of safety messages and provision QoS for different applications in IoVs. Further, we analyze the performance of MCC‐MAC, in terms of average transmission delay. In addition, extensive simulations with ns‐2 are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed MCC‐MAC. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The associations between body dissatisfaction, body figure, self‐esteem, and depressed mood in adolescents in the United States and Korea: A moderated mediation analysis
Authors: Choi Eunsoo , Choi Injae 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe perception of one's body image becomes particularly important in adolescence. Body dissatisfaction has been associated with negative psychological functioning, such as self‐esteem and depression. Previous findings showed that the decreased self‐esteem due to body dissatisfaction explained the association between negative attitude toward body and psychological well‐being in different cultural contexts. The present study examined adolescents from the US (N = 1002) and Korea (N = 3993) and replicated and extended the previous findings regarding body dissatisfaction and associated psychological outcomes. The results showed that body dissatisfaction predicted higher depressed mood and that self‐esteem mediated this association for both American and Korean adolescents. Notably, the indirect effect of body dissatisfaction and perceived body image on depressed mood via self‐esteem was greater for American adolescents than for Korean adolescents. The implications of the cultural difference in the significance of self‐esteem in mediating the body dissatisfaction and depressed mood are discussed.
Efficacy of switching therapy of luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone analogue for advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Shen Yuan‐Chi , Kang Chih‐ Hsiung , Chiang Po‐Hui 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the efficacy of switching therapy with a second‐line luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue after prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) progression for advanced prostate cancer. We enrolled 200 patients, from December 2005 to September 2013, with nodal positive, metastatic prostate cancer or disease progression after definite treatment receiving continuous LHRH analogue therapy with monthly depot leuprorelin(sc) acetate 3.75 mg/vial (LA) or goserelin acetate(sc) 3.6 mg/vial (GA). If the patients had castration‐resistant prostate cancer, the treatment choice of switching therapy (from LA to GA or from GA to LA) prior to starting chemotherapy was given. The LH, testosterone level, and PSA change were recorded. The records showed that there were 127 patients receiving LA as initial ADT therapy, whereas the other 73 patients were in GA therapy. A total of 92 patients received LHRH analogue switching therapy (54 patients switched from LA to GA and 38 switched from GA to LA). The effect of LH and testosterone reduction prior to and after switching therapy was comparable between the two groups, and increased PSA level after 3 months of treatment was seen in both groups (median PSA: 15.7–67.7 ng/mL in the LA to GA group; 15.2–71.4 ng/mL in the GA to LA group). This study concluded that switching therapy for patients with PSA progression after ADT has no efficacy of further PSA response.
Electroencephalographic Recordings During Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Therapy Until 30 Minutes After Declaration of Death
Authors: Norton Loretta , Gibson Raechelle M. , Gofton Teneille , Benson Carolyn , Dhanani Sonny , Shemie Sam D. , Hornby Laura , Ward Roxanne , Young G. Bryan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground: The timing of the circulatory determination of death for organ donation presents a medical and ethical challenge. Concerns have been raised about the timing of electrocerebral inactivity in relation to the cessation of circulatory function in organ donation after cardio-circulatory death. Nonprocessed electroencephalographic (EEG) measures have not been characterized and may provide insight into neurological function during this process. Methods: We assessed electrocortical data in relation to cardiac function after withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy and in the postmortem period after cardiac arrest for four patients in a Canadian intensive care unit. Subhairline EEG and cardio-circulatory monitoring including electrocardiogram, arterial blood pressure (ABP), and oxygen saturation were captured. Results: Electrocerebral inactivity preceded the cessation of the cardiac rhythm and ABP in three patients. In one patient, single delta wave bursts persisted following the cessation of both the cardiac rhythm and ABP. There was a significant difference in EEG amplitude between the 30-minute period before and the 5-minute period following ABP cessation for the group, but we did not observe any well-defined EEG states following the early cardiac arrest period. Conclusions: In a case series of four patients, EEG inactivity preceded electrocardiogram and ABP inactivity during the dying process in three patients. Further study of the electroencephalogram during the withdrawal of life sustaining therapies will add clarity to medical, ethical, and legal concerns for donation after circulatory determined death.