bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domain adversarial adaptation framework for few-shot QoT estimation in optical networks
Authors: Cai Zhuojun , Wang Qihang , Deng Yubin , Zhang Peng , Zhou Gai , Li Yang , Khan Faisal Nadeem 
Published: October 2024

The increasing complexity and dynamicity of future optical networks will necessitate accurate, fast, and low-cost quality-of-transmission (QoT) estimation. Machine learning-based QoT estimation models have shown promise in ensuring the reliability and efficiency of optical networks. However, the data-driven nature of these models impedes their application in practical settings. To address the problem of limited data availability in the target domain, known as the few-shot learning problem, we propose a domain adversarial adaptation method that aligns the distributions of representations from different source and target domains by minimizing the domain discrepancy quantified by the approximate Wasserstein distance. We demonstrate the method’s effectiveness through a theoretical proof and two example adaptations, i.e., from simulation to experimental data and from experimental to real network data. Our method consistently outperforms commonly used artificial neural networks (ANNs) and more advanced transfer learning approaches for various target domain data sizes. More profoundly, we show two ways to further improve the prediction accuracy, i.e., incorporating unlabeled target domain data in the training stage and utilizing the learned representations after training to train a new ANN with a reweighting strategy. In the adaptation to actual field data, our model, trained with only eight labeled network data samples, outperforms an ANN trained with 300 samples, thus reducing the labeled target domain data burden by more than 97%. The proposed method’s adaptability and generalizability make it a promising solution for accurate QoT estimation with low data requirements in future intelligent optical networks.
Half-wavelength-pitch silicon optical phased array with a 180° field of view, high sidelobe suppression ratio, and complex-pattern beamforming
Authors: Chen Cheng , Kong Degangao , Tao Yifei , Yuan Sujun , Wu Jiahao , Qin Qi , Liu Xiaoping 
Published: October 2024

Solid-state optical beam steering devices desire a large field of view (FOV), good beam quality, and reconfigurable beamforming of complex patterns, which are not available in a single system yet. Having not been demonstrated, an active beamformer using an optical phased array (OPA) could potentially fulfill these requirements simultaneously, because it can control both the wavefront and beam pattern. Half-wavelength-pitch OPAs theoretically can achieve the three requirements concurrently, but suffer from crosstalk. Most previous efforts focus on mitigating/avoiding crosstalk. Instead, here we appreciate its existence and propose/demonstrate a programmable architecture to compensate for it. Using a tree of composite variable splitters with a full splitting-ratio range, we achieve arbitrary amplitude/phase modulation to pre-correct scrambled phase/amplitude by crosstalk. With comprehensive stray-light minimization strategies, the sidelobe suppression ratio (SLSR) is significantly improved. Our design achieves a 180∘ FOV, a peak SLSR of 24 dB, and complex-pattern beamforming simultaneously in a half-wavelength-pitch 64-waveguide array. Within the ±60∘ range, a SLSR of >20dB is achieved. Our OPA demonstrates Bayliss difference, pulse-shaped, and asymmetric three-beam patterns with high SLSRs of >20dB, ∼10dB, and >18dB, respectively. These performance metrics are important for various applications in light detection and ranging, imaging, and communication.
Trends and determinants of clustering for non-communicable disease risk factors in women of reproductive age in Nepal
Authors: Singh Barun Kumar , Mishra Shiva Raj , Khatri Resham B. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Understanding the clustering of two or more risk factors of non-communicable disease, such as smoking, overweight/obesity, and hypertension, among women of reproductive age could facilitate the design and implementation of strategies for prevention and control measures. This study examined the factors associated with smoking, overweight/obesity, and hypertension among Nepalese women of reproductive age (15–49 years).

Methods
This study used the Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) 2016 (6,079 women for smoking and overweight/obesity, 6076 for hypertension) and 2022 (6,957 women for overweight/obesity and smoking status and 3,749 women for hypertension) for comparison of trends of NCD risk factors among women aged 15–49 years. Additionally, for each participant, risk factors score (range of 0 to 3) was created by summing individual risk factors. We assessed the determinants of risk factor clustering using multivariable Poisson regression models with robust sandwich variance estimator to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios using NDHS 2022.

Results
The national prevalence of overweight/obesity increased from 22.2% in 2016 to 29.2% in 2022 among women of reproductive age. In 2022, the prevalence for smoking, overweight/obesity, and hypertension were 3.8%, 29.2%, and 9.6%, respectively. More than one in four women (28.7%) had one NCD risk factor, while 6.5% had two such risk factors. Higher aged women (40–49 years) were more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors than those aged 15–29 years (APR: 3.19; 95% CI: 2.68–3.80). Those in the richest wealth quintile (APR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.24–1.85), as well as married (APR: 3.02; 95% CI: 2.43–3.76) and widowed/divorced (APR: 2.85; 95% CI: 2.14–3.80) were more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors. Women from Koshi province (APR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.41–2.15) had more NCD risk factors than those from the Sudurpaschim province. Working women also had a higher prevalence of NCD risk factors compared to non-working women (APR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.06–1.43). Additionally, Hill Janajatis (APR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.21–1.72) and Dalits (APR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.15–1.75) women were more likely to have NCD risk factors compared to women of Brahmin hill origin.

Conclusions
Clustering of two or more NCD risk factors was higher among women aged ≥30 years, those who are currently married or widowed/divorced/separated, working women, and individuals from the wealthiest socioeconomic groups. A higher burden of risk factors underscores the importance of targeted public health interventions, particularly among women from advantaged socio-economic groups, those of affluent regions, and in the workplace.
Population-based cohort across stroke life course in India-The NIMHANS-NH-SKAN stroke project: A study protocol
Authors: Banandur Pradeep S. , Sukumar Gautham Melur , Arvind Banavaram Anniappan , P. R. Srijithesh , V. S. Binu , Loganathan Santosh , Dalavaikodihalli Nanjaiah Nandakumar , Hegde Thimappa , Prasad Komal , Garady Lavanya , Akashanand Akashanand , Poddar Palak , Jayabalan Meenakshi , Madan Isha , Medhi Upashana , Arun Arpitha 
Published: October 2024

Background
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In India, it is the fourth leading cause of death and fifth leading cause of disability, posing a major public health concern. National surveys reveal an increasing trend in stroke risk factors such as tobacco use, physical activity, alcohol use, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. However, knowledge regarding the combined effect of these risk factors and their various combinations is limited. Understanding the individual, combined, and synergistic effects of known risk factors, along with new risk factors, is essential to address gaps in stroke epidemiology. This study aims to examine the effect of various risk factors of acute stroke and their association with stroke occurrence and its outcomes (survival, disability and quality of life).

Methods
This retrospective-prospective cohort will be conducted in one taluka of Kolara district and two urban wards of Bengaluru with a total population of ~400,000. All stroke-free individuals above 30 years of age ~200,000 individuals in the selected sites will be participants of stroke-free period and all first ever stroke patients in the community will be part of stroke and post-stroke period respectively. The study subjects will be recruited through a complete house-to-house survey at baseline and undergo annual follow-ups during the stroke-free period, with specific assessments at defined time points during the stroke and post-stroke period for a period of one year. Efforts are implemented to minimize loss to follow-up, including community engagement, a helpline number, and hospital-based surveillance.

Discussion
This large population-based cohort study addressing stroke epidemiology in the country, is one -of-its-kind, attempting to fill certain critical gaps in the natural history, management, and outcomes of stroke in India. This research has the potential to provide important insights into the effect of novel risk factors of stroke and various combinations of risk factors of stroke. Furthermore, the development of a stroke risk predictability calculator will add value to the existing Indian National Programme for Prevention & Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD) and offers a model for similar countries once developed.
Double burden of gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertension in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Abera Eyob Girma , Gudina Esayas Kebede , Gebremichael Ermias Habte , Sori Demisew Amenu , Yilma Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Background
The coexistence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) amplifies the risk of maternal and perinatal mortality and complications, leading to more severe adverse pregnancy outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the double burden of GDM and PIH (GDM/PIH) among pregnant women in Ethiopia.

Methods
A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in the databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Embase, and Google Scholar, covering studies published up to May 14, 2023. The analysis was carried out using JBI SUMARI and STATA version 17. Subgroup analyses were computed to demonstrate heterogeneity. A sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the impact of a single study on the overall estimate. Publication bias was assessed through inspection of the funnel plot and statistically using Egger’s regression test.

Result
Of 168 retrieved studies, 15 with a total of 6391 participants were deemed eligible. The pooled prevalence of GDM/PIH co-occurrence among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 3.76% (95% CI; 3.29–4.24). No publication bias was reported, and sensitivity analysis suggested that excluded studies did not significantly alter the pooled prevalence of GDM/PIH co-occurrence. A statistically significant association between GDM and PIH was observed, with pregnant women with GDM being three times more likely to develop PIH compared to those without GDM (OR = 3.44; 95% CI; 2.15–5.53).

Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a high dual burden of GDM and PIH among pregnant women in Ethiopia, with a significant association between the two morbidities. These findings emphasize the critical need for comprehensive antenatal care programs in Ethiopia to adequately address and monitor both GDM and PIH for improved maternal and perinatal health outcomes.
Enabling the Built Environment for Sustainable Living and Climate Resilience
Authors: Siew Goh Cheng , Mokhtar Azizi Zahirah , Mohd Fateh Mohd Ashraf , Bajracharya Arun 
Published: October 2024

Climate crises and a myriad of anthropogenic hazards have induced multitude of diverse impacts on the built environment. These complex and interconnected crises bring impacts on the functionality and integrity of the built environment in various material and immaterial manners, exacerbating the already intense socioeconomic conflicts. Sustainable solutions, if properly planned and implemented, can help build more holistic crises resilience in the built environment by enhancing the capability and capacity to increase preparedness and agility of the built environment to disruptions.
This paper aims to provide a better understanding about the research progress on sustainability and resilience of the built environment in response to climate changes. It reviews the impacts of climate crisis on the functionality and integrity of the built environment and examines the importance of integrating resilience in sustainability solution in the built environment.
A framework is proposed to unveil how sustainability solutions with an integration of resilience can provide a more solid approach to accelerate the adaptation to and mitigation of climate change impacts within the built environment. Apart from optimising biodiversity and natural resources-based-solutions, sustainable built environment also facilitates powerful partnerships via social transition for environmental governance and human. Sustainability isn't about decarbonising the built environment. Instead, sustainability would contribute by making systemic changes in the built environment for increased resilience to climate changes and socioeconomic challenges.

Keywords: Sustainability, built environment; climate change, resilience, adaptation, systematic review
Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Agribusiness: Innovations and Challenges
Authors: BRAN Florina , Alexandru BODISLAV Dumitru , GOMBOS Svetlana , Petrică ANGHELUȚĂ Sorin 
Published: October 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in sustainable agribusiness is examined in this research, with particular attention paid to robots, supply chain management, and precision agriculture. AI analyzes a variety of datasets, maximizes resource utilization, forecasts pest outbreaks and production changes, and allows for data-driven decision-making. AI improves supply chain management by lowering food loss, streamlining logistics, and guaranteeing on-time delivery. Robotics powered by AI revolutionize labor-intensive processes, increasing output while reducing the need for chemicals. Notwithstanding its revolutionary potential, issues like data privacy and skill shortages still need to be resolved. Developing AI solutions that are inclusive and appropriate to a given context requires interdisciplinary collaboration. Improved equity and transparency are anticipated from developments in federated learning and explainable AI. All things considered, artificial intelligence (AI) presents hitherto unseen chances to advance sustainability along the agriculture value chain, building food system resilience and equity.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, sustainability, efficiency, agribusiness, resilience, functionality
A method and tool for Sustainability-driven Computer-Aided Process Planning with user-tuneable optimization
Authors: Chorbikj Marko , Turchi Tommaso , Cavallaro Marco , Gigante Valencia Fernando , Núñez Ariño María José , Taboas Carrero César , Martín Casado César 
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces the methodology framework, and a cloud-based Sustainability-driven Computer-Aided Process Planning (s-CAPP) tool aimed at optimizing efficiency and sustainability aspects of manufacturing operations at shopfloor level, considering a user-tailored optimization goal function. Geometric data extracted from 3D models of the parts to be produced are coupled with process parameters and resource consumption data from the manufacturing equipment in order to analyze the metrics for productivity and sustainability accordingly. By leveraging comprehensive data resources in manufacturing, s-CAPP allows companies to balance their production plans between productivity and sustainability through a user-friendly interface. Its application in a furniture manufacturing case study demonstrates its potential for process planning by prioritizing between productivity or sustainability, showcasing promising results. The presented s-CAPP implementation assists the production managers in taking decisions regarding sustainability and productivity in the production of batches through the prompting of intuitive visual results, impacting on both economic and environmental sides.

Keywords: sustainability-driven manufacturing, process planning, cloud-based computing, furniture manufacturing, process simulation, data-driven manufacturing, feature extraction
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence in the Educational Field
Authors: Cristian VASILACHE Petrut , Adrian TROACA Victor , PARGARU Ion , VATASE Florin 
Published: October 2024

Recently, the concept of Artificial Intelligence has caused concern not only in the scientific community but also in the media sphere, primarily due to the lack of a universally agreed-upon definition. There is a lack of consensus among people regarding a comprehensive definition of intelligence, and even more so regarding artificial intelligence. Given these circumstances, the growing prevalence of the notion of Intelligence Artificial intelligence has advanced to the extent that it is now a vital element in nearly every sector of today's contemporary economy, exerting a substantial influence on our personal, societal, and political spheres. The foundation of this idea is based on the premise that human intelligence can be precisely described, allowing for the creation of a machine capable of simulating it. This gives rise to philosophical debates concerning the nature of consciousness and the moral implications of developing synthetic entities possessing human-like cognitive abilities. Artificial intelligence presents a myriad of challenges related to comprehension, responsibility, and confidence.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, development, technology, education
Assessing the Complexity of Decarbonised Power Systems as a Means Towards a Sustainable Society: Trends and Hotspots
Authors: Momete Daniela Cristina 
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to assess the complexity of decarbonized power systems by mapping the trends in the field of low carbon electricity over the period 2000-2023 employing an analysis of the scientific publications. This paper addresses the power sector as it plays an essential role in supporting global efforts towards a sustainable society. The paper provides an overview of decarbonised electricity trends by a quantitative analysis of publications, extracted from Dimensions database and explores relevant literature employing VOSviewer as a visualisation tool. The scientometric analysis reveals the main literature streams by using a semantic map, citation and co-citation analyses. The paper shows an increased preoccupation in the field, starting with 2000, and reveals the most relevant works. Moreover, by aggregating bibliometric data, the paper uncovers the social networks associated with the field and points the interested researchers towards the most influential works. By doing so, the paper provides a better understanding of the complexity of the field of decarbonised power system and allows the identification of current research directions and paves the way towards future research paths.
Keywords: sustainable development, decarbonised power, quantitative research; climate change
Impact of Public Policies and Initiatives on Corporate Social Responsibility of Healthcare Institutions
Authors: Al-marshad Sultan O. , Kilase Ajoud Mohamed Eid 
Published: October 2024

The present study aims to examines the impact of public policies and initiatives on corporate social responsibility of the healthcare institutions working in the Northern Border Regions of Saudi Arabia. The study used descriptive and analytical methodology. The questionnaire was designed, and distributed to the random sample of 300 members of the staff chosen from the healthcare institutions including public hospitals, private hospitals and health centers. The descriptive statistics results showed that all variables of the study are characterized by a mean value higher than 3. Moreover, results showed that all the variables of the public policies and initiatives have a statistically significant effect on the environment indicators of corporate social responsibility. On the hand, the legal framework and the capacity building have positive effect on the CSR however, integrating activities impact the environment indicators of social responsibility negatively.
Keywords: Public Policies, Corporate Social Responsibility, governance, initiatives, integrating activities
Ethical Benefits and Challenges in Insurance: Framework of Introducing Pillar IV Regulation to Solvency II
Authors: Rangu Călin Mihail , Badea Leonardo , McGee Robert W. , Șcheau Mircea Constantin , Radu Valentin 
Published: October 2024

The paper delves into the concept of Pillar IV, which addresses the recovery, resolution, and orderly exit from the insurance market within the framework of Solvency II - an essential tool for insurers' supervision. While Solvency II has undoubtedly reduced the risk of insolvency for insurers, it hasn't eliminated it. Therefore, this research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of various market models and proposals from authorities to come up with the best possible solutions for recovery stages, mechanisms to be implemented in the case of economic non-viability of the insurer, and resolution mechanisms to ensure a seamless exit from insolvency. The article evaluates different resolution methods, weighing their benefits and challenges, considering the interests of consumers, and the roles of regulatory and resolution authorities. The authors suggest a set of best practices, solutions, and guidelines to implement a resolution through regulations, which can be used to establish Pillar IV and enhance the level of preparedness of insurers. The goal is to avoid the adverse systemic effects of a traditional bankruptcy, which could significantly impact consumers, the economy, and public funds.
Keywords: Solvency II; Resolution; Insurance; Recovery; Bail-in