bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of double‐scope endoscopic submucosal dissection and long‐term outcomes of endoscopic resection for superficial pharyngeal cancer
Authors: Yoshio Toshiyuki , Tsuchida Tomohiro , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Omae Masami , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Yamamoto Yorimasa , Fujisaki Junko , Sato Yukiko , Sasaki Tohru , Kawabata Kazuyoshi , Igarashi Masahiro 
Published: August 2016

Background and AimOwing to increased awareness and use of narrow‐band imaging, there are more opportunities to treat superficial pharyngeal cancer (SPC). The present study aimed to describe the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of endoscopic resection (ER) for SPC.MethodsThis study included 166 consecutive SPC in 113 patients treated during 2006 to 2013 at one referral cancer center. In the first period, we treated patients using endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), in the second period using conventional ESD (cESD) and in the recent period using double‐scope ESD (dsESD), which involves a second thin endoscope for assistance to produce traction. Median follow‐up period was 30 months.ResultsAll lesions were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Complete resection rate of cESD and dsESD procedures was 56.4% and 82.3% (P < 0.01), and local recurrence rate was 2.6% and 0.0%, respectively. Procedure duration was significantly shorter for dsESD than for cESD (P < 0.05). Four cases of recurrent lymph node (LN) metastasis were observed; however, all patients with LN metastases survived to a 48‐month median interval after neck dissection. Risk factors for LN metastasis included subepithelium invasion, tumor thickness >1000 μm, droplet infiltration, and lymphovascular invasion. Overall survival rate after 5 years was 79.5%; no patients died of SPC. Cumulative rate of metachronous SPC after 5 years was 46.5%.ConclusionER for SPC is a feasible and effective treatment, although metachronous SPC occurred frequently. For the technique of ER, dsESD was effective.
Cutaneous malakoplakia masquerading as pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Smith‐Pliego Mariam , Contreras‐Ruiz Jose , Ryan Siobhan , Sibbald R Gary , Hanna Wedad , Roldan‐Marin Rodrigo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCutaneous malakoplakia is a rare infection‐related granulomatous disease frequently associated with immunocompromised states. Foamy macrophages containing basophilic granules, called the Michaelis–Gutman bodies, are pathognomonic. We report a case of cutaneous malakoplakia in a 77‐year‐old male with pyoderma gangrenosum and a 2‐year history of a non‐healing malleolar ulcer treated successfully with cotrimoxazole.
Estimation of Crown Temperature of Winter Wheat and the Effect on Simulation of Frost Tolerance
Authors: Persson T. , Bergjord Olsen A. K. , Nkurunziza L. , Sindhöj E. , Eckersten H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAccurate estimation of winter wheat frost kill in cold‐temperate agricultural regions is limited by lack of data on soil temperature at wheat crown depth, which determines winter survival. We compared the ability of four models of differing complexity to predict observed soil temperature at 2 cm depth during two winter seasons (2013‐14 and 2014‐15) at Ultuna, Sweden, and at 1 cm depth at Ilseng and Ås, Norway. Predicted and observed soil temperature at 2 cm depth was then used in FROSTOL model simulations of the frost tolerance of winter wheat at Ultuna. Compared with the observed soil temperature at 2 cm depth, soil temperature was better predicted by detailed models than simpler models for both seasons at Ultuna. The LT50 (temperature at which 50 % of plants die) predictions from FROSTOL model simulations using input from the most detailed soil temperature model agreed better with LT50 FROSTOL outputs from observed soil temperature than what LT50 FROSTOL predictions using temperature from simpler models did. These results highlight the need for simpler temperature prediction tools to be further improved when used to evaluate winter wheat frost kill.
Generation of Paramoeba perurans clonal cultures using flow cytometry and confirmation of virulence
Authors: Collins C , Hall M , Bruno D , Sokolowska J , Duncan L , Yuecel R , McCarthy U , Fordyce M J , Pert C C , McIntosh R , MacKay Z 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAmoebic gill disease (AGD) in farmed Atlantic salmon is caused by the amoeba Paramoeba perurans. The recent establishment of in vitro culture techniques for P. perurans has provided a valuable tool for studying the parasite in detail. In this study, flow cytometry was used to generate clonal cultures from single‐sorted amoeba, and these were used to successfully establish AGD in experimental Atlantic salmon. The clonal cultures displayed differences in virulence, based on gill scores. The P. perurans load on gills, determined by qPCR analysis, showed a positive relationship with gill score, and with clonal virulence, indicating that the ability of amoebae to proliferate and/or remain attached on gills may play a role in virulence. Gill scores based on gross signs and histopathological analysis were in agreement. No association between level of gill score and specific gill arch was observed. It was found that for fish with lower gill scores based on histopathological examination, gross examination and qPCR analysis of gills from the same fish were less successful in detecting lesions and amoebae, respectively.
Case definition for clinical and subclinical bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salarL.) in New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Boerlage A S , Stryhn H , Sanchez J , Hammell K L 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBacterial kidney disease (BKD) is considered an important cause of loss in salmon aquaculture in Atlantic Canada. Causative agent ofBKDis the Gram‐positive bacteriaRenibacterium salmoninarum. Infected salmon are often asymptomatic (subclinical infection), and the disease is considered chronic. One of the challenges in quantifying information from farm production and health records is the application of a standardized case definition. Case definitions for farm‐level and cage‐level clinical and subclinicalBKDwere developed using retrospective longitudinal data from aquaculture practices in New Brunswick, Canada, combining (i) industry records of weekly production data including mortalities, (ii) field observations forBKDusing reports of veterinarians and/or fish health technicians, (iii) diagnostic submissions and test results and (iv) treatments used to controlBKD. Case definitions were evaluated using veterinarians’ expert judgements as reference standard. Eighty‐nine and 66% of sites and fish groups, respectively, were associated withBKDat least once. ForBKDpresent (subclinical or clinical), sensitivity and specificity of the case definition were 75–100% varying between event, fish group, site cycle and level (site pen). For clinicalBKD, sensitivities were 29–64% and specificities 91–100%. Industry data can be used to develop sensitive case definitions.
Health and mood among HIV‐positive outpatients attending an ART Clinic of a University Hospital
Authors: Costa Dilar , Mendes Aida , Abreu Wilson 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate how individuals at different stages of infection with HIV perceive their health status and its association with mood states.BackgroundWith the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in 1996, the quality of life of people living with HIV has improved. However, the literature emphasises the negative effects of the disease on the mental health of individuals suffering from this condition and the high incidence of depression among infected individuals. Although people diagnosed and living with HIV are overwhelmed by emotions, we found that various emotional manifestations are understudied within this group of patients.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted in an outpatient unit of a University Hospital (antiretroviral therapy clinic), with a consecutive sample composed of 152 patients.MethodsData were collected through a questionnaire used to assess the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the Short Form (36) Health Survey, and the Profile of Mood States scale.Results and conclusionsThe health status negatively affects the role at the emotional and mental health dimensions. The participants showing a worse health condition than in the previous year had higher levels of tension/anxiety, depression/dejection, fatigue/inertia and confusion/bewilderment. The stage of disease and the profile of mood state emerged as independent phenomena.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this study indicate that nurses worldwide should be aware of the emotional aspects (negative emotions strongly impact health) related to the subjective perception of a worsening health status, regardless of the stage of the disease.
Emotion stimulus processing in narcolepsy with cataplexy
Authors: Susta Marek , Nemcova Veronika , Bizik Gustav , Sonka Karel 
Published: August 2016

SummaryReported brain abnormalities in anatomy and function in patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy led to a project based on qualitative electroencephalography examination and analysis in an attempt to find a narcolepsy with cataplexy‐specific brain‐derived pattern, or a sequence of brain locations involved in processing humorous stimuli. Laughter is the trigger of cataplexy in these patients, and the difference between patients and healthy controls during the laughter should therefore be notable. Twenty‐six adult patients (14 male, 12 female) suffering from narcolepsy with cataplexy and 10 healthy controls (five male, five female) were examined. The experiment was performed using a 256‐channel electroencephalogram and then processed using specialized software built according to the scientific research team's specifications. The software utilizes electroencephalographic data recorded during elevated emotional states in participants to calculate the sequence of brain areas involved in emotion processing using non‐linear and linear algorithms. Results show significant differences in activation (pre‐laughter) patterns between the patients with narcolepsy and healthy controls, as well as significant similarities within the patients and the controls. Specifically, gyrus orbitalis, rectus and occipitalis inferior are active in healthy controls, while gyrus paracentralis, cingularis and cuneus are activated solely in the patients in response to humorous audio stimulus. There are qualitative electroencephalographic‐based patterns clearly discriminating between patients with narcolepsy and healthy controls during laughter processing.
Osteoporosis treatment: bisphosphonates reign to continue for a few more years, at least?
Authors: Pazianas Michael , Abrahamsen Bo 
Published: August 2016

The findings of the Women's Health Initiative study in 2002 marginalized the use of hormone replacement therapy and established bisphosphonates as the first line of treatment for osteoporosis. Denosumab could be used in selected patients. Although bisphosphonates only maintain the structure of bone complete with any accumulated structural or material faults, their bone selectivity and effectiveness in reducing the risk of fractures, together with their low cost, have left little room for improvement for new antiresorptives. The osteoanabolic teriparatide increases new bone formation, but it is administered for up to 2 years only and the cost remains a consideration. Similar restrictions are expected to apply to an anti‐sclerostin antibody, which could be evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the near future. Cathepsin K–inhibiting antibody could be an alternative if approved; although an antiresorptive, it maintains bone formation, in contrast with bisphosphonates, and can be probably used for long‐term treatment. Rare adverse effects of bisphosphonates, namely osteonecrosis of the jaws and atypical femoral fractures, have been disproportionally emphasized relative to their benefits/harm ratio. Treatment of osteoporosis is a long process, and many patients will require treatment with more than one type of drug over their lifetime.
Quantifying death, calculating revenge: mathematical justice in Henry Chettle's Tragedy of Hoffman
Authors: Jarrett Joseph 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this article, I argue that Chettle's somewhat neglected play, The Tragedy of Hoffman, stands apart from either John Kerrigan's influential account of revenge tragedy as continual escalation, or Linda Woodbridge's more recent account of revenge tragedy as bilateral symmetry. The quantification of death and the concomitant mathematical calculation of an appropriate revenge are made a particularly explicit component of the aesthetic of Hoffman, in which two distinctly Aristotelian models of revenge are permitted to emerge: one relies upon the geometrical proportionality inherent to the concept of distributive justice, and the other relies upon the arithmetical proportionality inherent to the concept of corrective, or rectificatory justice. My contention here is that, by placing these two mathematical models of revenge‐justice into counterpoint, Hoffman manages to interrogate them simultaneously as two separate architectures of justice (each with their own logics and aesthetics, problematics and justifications) but also to question where the boundaries between these models might lie, and how the subjective alteration of those boundaries might effect their social and judicial utility.
Cytologic–histologic concordance in the diagnosis of neoplasia in canine and feline lymph nodes: a retrospective study of 367 cases
Authors: Ku C.‐K. , Kass P. H. , Christopher M. M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLymph nodes are frequently sampled in dogs and cats for the diagnosis of primary and metastatic neoplasia. We determined the accuracy of cytologic diagnosis in lymph nodes using histology as the gold standard. Lymph node reports (2001–2011) were retrospectively evaluated and diagnoses were categorized as neoplastic or non‐neoplastic. Lymph nodes from 296 dogs and 71 cats included 157 (42.7%) non‐neoplastic lesions, 62 (16.9%) lymphomas and 148 (40.3%) metastatic neoplasms. Cytology had a sensitivity of 66.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 60.0–72.8%], specificity of 91.5% (CI 86.3–95.2%), and accuracy of 77.2% (CI 72.6–81.3%) for neoplasia. Likelihood of malignancy with a positive cytologic diagnosis of neoplasia was 93.0%. High proportions of false‐negative results were found in mesenteric T‐cell lymphoma (22/35, 63%, mainly cats), metastatic sarcoma (8/14, 57%) and metastatic mast cell tumour (15/48, 31%, mainly dogs). Factors contributing to discrepancies included well‐differentiated lymphocyte morphology, focal distribution of metastases and poorly defined criteria for metastatic mast cell tumours.
Rare B-meson decays at the crossroads
Authors: Ali Ahmed 
Published: August 2016

Experimental era of rare [Formula: see text]-decays started with the measurement of [Formula: see text] by CLEO in 1993, followed by the measurement of the inclusive decay [Formula: see text] in 1995, which serves as the standard candle in this field. The frontier has moved in the meanwhile to the experiments at the LHC, in particular, LHCb, with the decay [Formula: see text] at about 1 part in 10[Formula: see text] being the smallest branching fraction measured so far. Experimental precision achieved in this area has put the standard model to unprecedented stringent tests and more are in the offing in the near future. I review some key measurements in radiative, semileptonic and leptonic rare [Formula: see text]-decays, contrast them with their estimates in the SM, and focus on several mismatches reported recently. They are too numerous to be ignored, yet, standing alone, none of them is significant enough to warrant the breakdown of the SM. Rare [Formula: see text]-decays find themselves at the crossroads, possibly pointing to new horizons, but quite likely requiring an improved theoretical description in the context of the SM. An independent precision experiment such as Belle II may help greatly in clearing some of the current experimental issues.
A noção de fingere na produção visual contemporânea: estratégias para mundos possíveis através da imagem
Authors: Bethonico Marina Romagnoli , Dubois Philippe 
Published: August 2016

Este artigo efetua uma reflexão acerca da tendência, na recente produção artística visual, de questionamento das bordas entre realidade e ficção. Considerando a imagem como resultado de uma manipulação, objetiva pensá-la como imagem-ficção na transformação do presente através da multiplicação de mundos possíveis. Nesse sentido, ela é considerada como resultado do fingere e como via de apreensão do real, que questiona a memória de nossa sociedade e que reconsidera seu papel e responsabilidade na construção da história e de coletividades. Conclui-se que a imagem é potência presente e atuante para se construir novas formas de se viver.
A note on behavioural and morphological compensations of male Uca vocans (Linnaeus, 1758) relative to females, for the loss of one functional feeding claw
Authors: Tina Fahmida Wazed , Jaroensutasinee Mullica , Jaroensutasinee Krisanadej 
Published: August 2016

We investigated whether male Uca vocans (Linnaeus, 1758) have behaviourally or morphologically compensated for having only one feeding claw while females have two. We predicted that (1) females will have a higher feeding rate/crab per min, (2) males will have a higher feeding rate/claw per min, (3) males will have larger feeding claws (dactyl length and width) than comparable-sized females, and (4) smaller crabs will feed faster than larger ones and thereby satisfy their feeding demand more rapidly than larger crabs. Our results supported all four predictions. Males compensated for having one feeding claw by feeding faster/claw per min with larger claws.
Reproductive features of sympatric species of Caprella (Amphipoda) on the southeastern Brazilian coast: a comparative study
Authors: De Paula D. R. , Almeida A. C. , Jacobucci G. B. 
Published: August 2016

Caprellid amphipods play an important role in coastal ecosystems, establishing a link between producers and higher trophic levels. Also, they are sensitive to environmental changes, toxins and pollutants. The aim of the present study was to analyse the main reproductive parameters (fecundity, reproductive periodicity and juvenile recruitment) of the sympatric speciesCaprella danilevskii,C. equilibraandC. scauraassociated withSargassum cymosum(Phaeophyta, Fucales) beds on the southeastern coast of Brazil, in order to evaluate the strategies used by them to ensure their coexistence. Fecundity (F) and the volume of eggs (VE) produced varied among species, but significant relationships were observed only forC. danilevskiiandC. equilibra. It was found that the total length of females (TL) was inversely proportional to F, whereC. danilevskii, the larger species, showed a lower number of eggs, but with larger sizes. Ovigerous females ofC. scaura, despite having a total length greater than that ofC. equilibra, showed a similar volume of eggs. Ovigerous females of the three caprellid species were not retrieved in every month of the study, resulting in the observation of a reproduction of a periodic or discontinuous type, with peaks in autumn and winter. The presence of juveniles also varied throughout the study period. These variations of ovigerous females and juveniles may occur, mainly due to the fluctuation of environmental conditions, as well as the reproductive strategies exhibited by the species, allowing the coexistence ofC. danilevskii,C. equilibraandC. scaurain the study area.
New Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera, Sciaridae) of North America Part I. Genus Scatopsciara Edwards, 1927
Authors: MOHRIG WERNER , KAUSCHKE ELLEN 
Published: August 2016

In the Nearctic region the genus Scatopsciara includes 37 species. Herein these species are diagnosed, keyed and distribution data provided. Twenty six species are known exclusively from the Nearctic region. Eleven species have a Holarctic distribution. Nineteen species are described as new for science. These are: Scatopsciara abedabunae sp. n. (USA, Canada), Sc. adsilae sp. n. (USA), Sc. alawae sp. n. (USA), Sc. awanatae sp. n. (USA), Sc. awinitae sp. n. (USA, Canada), Sc. catoriae sp. n. (USA), Sc. chenoae sp. n. (USA), Sc. inesae sp. n. (USA), Sc. itumae sp. n. (USA), Sc. miakodae sp. n. (USA), Sc. praealawae sp. n. (USA), Sc. praeawanatae sp. n. (USA), Sc. subawanatae sp. n. (USA), Sc. subdendrotica sp. n. (Canada), Sc. subfratercula sp. n. (Canada), Sc. subgrossa (USA), Sc. subitumae sp. n. (USA), Sc. submiakodae sp. n. (USA) and Sc. tricuspidatula sp. n. (USA). The following five species are new for North America: Scatopsciara curviforceps Bukowski & Lengersdorf, 1936, Sc. geophila Tuomikoski, 1960, Sc. neglecta Menzel & Mohrig 1998, Sc. subciliata Tuomikoski, 1960 and Sc. ventrospinula Mohrig & Mamaev, 1983. Six species, included in Corynoptera so far were transferred to the genus Scatopsciara. These are Sc. armigera (Vilkamaa & Hippa, 2006), Sc. fratercula (Vilkamaa & Hippa, 2006), Sc. robustior (Vilkamaa & Hippa, 2006), Sc. vagula (Tuomikoski, 1960), Sc. fera (Mohrig & Heller, 1992) (in Heller & Mohrig, 1992) and Sc. nyxa (Mohrig & Menzel, 1992).
Schwarz lemma involving the boundary fixed point
Authors: Xu Qinghua , Tang Yongfa , Yang Ting , Srivastava Hari Mohan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLet f be an holomorphic function which maps the unit disk into itself. In this paper, consider the zero of order k (i.e., $f(z)-f(0)$
f
(
z
)
−
f
(
0
)
(or $f(z)$
f
(
z
)
) has a zero of order k at $z=0$
z
=
0
), we obtain the sharp estimates of the classical boundary Schwarz lemma involving the boundary fixed point. The results presented here would generalize the corresponding result obtained by Frolova et al. (Complex Anal. Oper. Theory 8:1129-1149, 2004).
Creatine kinase in ischemic and inflammatory disorders
Authors: Kitzenberg David , Colgan Sean P. , Glover Louise E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe creatine/phosphocreatine pathway plays a conserved and central role in energy metabolism. Compartmentalization of specific creatine kinase enzymes permits buffering of local high energy phosphates in a thermodynamically favorable manner, enabling both rapid energy storage and energy transfer within the cell. Augmentation of this metabolic pathway by nutritional creatine supplementation has been shown to elicit beneficial effects in a number of diverse pathologies, particularly those that incur tissue ischemia, hypoxia or oxidative stress. In these settings, creatine and phosphocreatine prevent depletion of intracellular ATP and internal acidification, enhance post‐ischemic recovery of protein synthesis and promote free radical scavenging and stabilization of cellular membranes. The creatine kinase energy system is itself further regulated by hypoxic signaling, highlighting the existence of endogenous mechanisms in mammals that can enhance creatine metabolism during oxygen deprivation to promote tissue resolution and homeostasis. Here, we review recent insights into the creatine kinase pathway, and provide rationale for dietary creatine supplementation in human ischemic and inflammatory pathologies.
Now, Not Now
Authors: English James F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractScholars of contemporary fiction face special challenges in making the turn toward digitized corpora and empirical method. Their field is one of exceptionally large and uncertain scale, subject to ongoing transformation and dispute and shrouded in copyright. It is, however, possible to produce an illuminating map of the field through statistical analysis of midsize, handmade data sets. On such a map one sees a striking shift in the typical temporal setting of the novel, a shift that corresponds to major rearrangements of the relation of literary commerce to literary prestige. This correspondence between formal and institutional developments in turn lends empirical support to the argument that, where anglophone fiction is concerned, the “contemporary” period begins around 1980.