bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trust separation on the Cray XC40 using PBS Pro
Authors: Clarke Sam 
Published: August 2017

SummaryAs the UK's national weather agency, the Met Office has a requirement to produce regular, timely weather forecasts. As a major centre for climate and weather research, it has a need to provide access to large‐scale supercomputing resources to users from within the organisation. It also provides a supercomputer facility for academic partners inside the UK, and to international collaborators. Each of these user categories has a different set of availability requirements and requires a different level of access. This paper describes the steps taken to create an HPC facility that separates these different requirements using soft partitions created by the batch system. We detail our initial experiences with cgroup containers and our use of custom PBS hooks to partition the Lustre name space. We summarise some of the problems observed during implementation, comment on the scalability of the solution and outline possible future enhancements.
Energetic Barriers to Interfacial Charge Transfer and Ion Movement in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sadollahkhani Azar , Liu Peng , Leandri Valentina , Safdari Majid , Zhang Wei , Gardner James M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHighly efficient perovskite solar cells have been characterized by current‐density/voltage measurements in the dark at varied scan rates. The results were compared to the solar cells without a hole‐transporting layer to investigate the role of ultrathin hole‐transporting layers in solar‐cell function. The parameters of internal voltage, diode ideality factor, capacitive current, and capacitance were calculated from the current‐density/voltage response of the cells in the dark. The results show that the absence of the hole‐transporting layer can cause a large recombination current within the depletion region at the gold contact/perovskite interface, and thus affects the cell performance.
The predictive value of early maladaptive schemas in paranoid responses to social stress
Authors: Sundag Johanna , Ascone Leonie , Lincoln Tania M. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundSocial stress and negatively valenced cognitive representations of the self (self‐schemas) play an important role in the formation of delusions. However, it has not been investigated whether and which self‐schemas explain paranoid responses to social stress. Building on the framework of schema theory, the aim of this study was thus to investigate whether more pronounced early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) were associated with increased paranoid ideation after a social stress induction in patients with persecutory delusions (PD).MethodPatients with PD (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 40) were assessed for EMSs with the Young Schema Questionnaire. They were then exposed to a social stress situation in which they were socially excluded in a Cyberball paradigm. Prior to and after the social stress induction, paranoid symptoms were assessed.ResultsPatients with PD responded with a stronger increase in paranoia and revealed a significantly higher EMS total score compared to the healthy controls. As expected, higher increases in paranoia following the social stress were accounted for by higher EMS total scores. Exploratory analyses showed that particularly the specific EMSs Defectiveness/Shame and Enmeshment/Undeveloped Self were associated with the increase in paranoia.ConclusionsEMSs are associated with stress‐related symptom increases in patients with PD. It thus seems worthwhile to further investigate the relevance of specific schemas for paranoia. The findings also suggest that addressing EMSs in psychological treatment of patients with PD holds potential.
Benzoate Anion‐Intercalated Layered Cobalt Hydroxide Nanoarray: An Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ge Ruixiang , Ren Xiang , Ji Xuqiang , Liu Zhiang , Du Gu , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping , Chen Liang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEfficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts are highly desired to improve the overall efficiency of electrochemical water splitting. We develop a benzoate anion‐intercalated layered cobalt hydroxide nanobelt array on nickel foam (benzoate‐Co(OH)2/NF) through a one‐pot hydrothermal process. As a 3 D electrode, benzoate‐Co(OH)2/NF with an expanded interlayer spacing (14.72 Å) drives a high OER catalytic current density of 50 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 291 mV, outperforming its carbonate anion‐intercalated counterpart with a lower interlayer spacing of 8.81 Å (337 mV overpotential at 50 mA cm−2). Moreover, this benzoate‐Co(OH)2/NF can maintain its catalytic activity for 21 h.
Numerical exploration of thermal radiation and Biot number effects on the flow of a non‐Newtonian MHD Williamson fluid over a vertical convective surface
Authors: Amanulla Chota Hyder , Nagendra Nallagundla , Subba Rao Annasagaram , Anwar Bég Osman , Kadir Ali 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA theoretical and computational study of the magnetohydrodynamic flow and free convection heat transfer in an electroconductive polymer on the external surface of a vertical plate under radial magnetic field is presented. The Biot number effects are considered at the vertical plate surface via modified boundary conditions. The Williamson viscoelastic model is employed which is representative of certain industrial polymers. The nondimensional, transformed boundary layer equations for momentum and energy are solved with the second‐order accurate implicit Keller box finite difference method under appropriate boundary conditions. Validation of the numerical solutions is achieved via benchmarking with earlier published results. The influence of Weissenberg number (ratio of the relaxation time of the fluid and time scale of the flow), magnetic body force parameter, stream‐wise variable, and Prandtl number on thermo fluid characteristics are studied graphically and via tables. A weak elevation in temperature accompanies increasing Weissenberg number, whereas a significant acceleration in the flow is computed near the vertical plate surface with increasing Weissenberg number. Nusselt number is reduced with increasing Weissenberg number. Skin friction and Nusselt number are both reduced with increasing magnetic field effect. The model is relevant to the simulation of magnetic polymer materials processing.
Application of high‐resolution NVD differencing schemes to the FTn finite volume method for radiative heat transfer
Authors: Guedri Kamel , Al‐Ghamdi Abdulmajeed Saeed , Oreijah Mowffaq 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this work, the STEP scheme and several schemes based on the normalized variable diagram (NVD), such as MINMOD, GAMMA, CLAM, NOTABLE, MUSCL, CUBISTA, SMART, WACEB, and VANOS schemes, are evaluated for solving the radiative transfer equation. Two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional rectangular enclosures containing transparent, emitting–absorbing, emitting–absorbing–scattering, or nonhomogeneous participating media are investigated using the modified FTn finite volume method. Although the NVD schemes are much more accurate than the STEP scheme, but they have more time‐consuming and require more iterations. Moreover, most of them often necessitate underrelaxation to ensure convergence. Results show that the MINMOD and GAMMA schemes are still much less accurate than other NVD schemes, but they converge the fastest of the NVD schemes, and do not require underrelaxation. Although the VANOS, WACEB, and SMART schemes give more accurate solutions, they are not competitive with other NVD schemes. However, the CLAM, NOTABLE, and CUBISTA schemes are relatively fast and accurate.
Experimental heat transfer behavior of graphite–water microfluid in a coiled agitated vessel
Authors: Sivashanmugam Palani , Mothilal Hariharan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAgitation is one of the widely used engineering operations in all of the chemical industries, which involves both material transport and heat transfer in the system. In order to conserve energy spent in heat transfer systems, enhancements to heating and cooling in industrial processes can be achieved by dispersing small‐sized particles having high thermal conductivity in a base fluid. This article reports an experimental study on the heat transfer characteristics of graphite–water microfluid in a coiled agitated vessel equipped with propeller and six bladed disc turbine impellers. The heat transfer coefficient for the graphite–water microfluid is found to be higher than that for the base fluid (water) and increased with higher volume concentrations of graphite and higher impeller speed. Comparison of the graphite–water microfluid and water is found to demonstrate a significant enhancement in the convective heat transfer coefficient. Empirical correlations for the calculation of Nusselt numbers are performed, and the calculated Nusselt number is found to be in good agreement with experimental values within ±10% deviation.
Reconsidering Procedural Consolidation for Multinational Corporate Groups in the Context of the Recast European Insolvency Regulation
Authors: Zhang Daoning 
Published: August 2017

AbstractProcedural consolidation, as a solution to the rescue of insolvent multinational corporate groups (‘MCGs’), is said to be able to preserve group value for creditors. This article explores the desirability of procedural consolidation in the EU in the light of theories of corporate rescue law, cross‐border insolvency law, multinational enterprises and relevant EU cases with reference to the European Insolvency Regulation. It argues that, based on current cross‐border insolvency rules in the EU, there is an inherent difficulty for procedural consolidation in balancing the goal of preservation of group value and the goal of certainty. The article also considers the new ‘group procedural coordination proceedings’ offered by the Recast European Insolvency Regulation and argues that it may help to supplement the gap left by the procedural consolidation in the EU. Copyright © 2017 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Taoist leadership and employee green behaviour: A cultural and philosophical microfoundation of sustainability
Authors: Xing Yijun , Starik Mark 
Published: August 2017

SummaryExisting research shows that leadership behaviours can influence the proenvironment beliefs of employees and their green behaviours. However, the mechanisms that nurture the proenvironment attitudes of employees remain unclear. By juxtaposing Taoist philosophy and Aldo Leopold's land ethic, this paper explores how the former can theoretically advance the latter from a cultural and philosophical microfoundational perspective. Taoism, which treats human beings and the natural environment as components of an integral oneness, has important implications for both Taoist leadership behaviours and the management of sustainability. We posit that the attributions of Taoist leadership—rejection of domination, reverse thinking, and selflessness—can nurture employee proenvironment attitudes. Using the narratives of Chinese leaders and employees, our research empirically shows that the proenvironment attitudes and green behaviours of employees can be nurtured through Taoist leadership. Our paper contributes the field of sustainability management by suggesting Taoism as a cultural and philosophical microfoundation for sustainability.
Development of high spatial resolution rainfall data for Ghana
Authors: Aryee J. N. A. , Amekudzi L. K. , Quansah E. , Klutse N. A. B. , Atiah W. A. , Yorke C. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTVarious sectors of the country's economy – agriculture, health, energy, among others – largely depend on climate information, hence availability of quality climate data is very essential for climate‐impact studies in these sectors. In this paper, a monthly rainfall database (GMet v1.0) has been developed at a 0.5° × 0.5° spatial resolution, from 113 Ghana Meteorological Agency (GMet) gauge network distributed across the four agro‐ecological zones of Ghana, and spanning a 23‐year period (1990–2012). The datasets were first homogenized with quantile‐matching adjustments and thereafter, gridded at a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° using Minimum Surface Curvature with tensioning parameter, allowing for comprehensive spatial fields assessment on the developed dataset. Afterwards, point‐pixel validation was performed using GMet v1.0 against gauge data from stations that were earlier excluded due to large datagaps. This proved the reliability of GMet v1.0, with high and statistically significant correlations at 99% confidence level, and relatively low biases and rmse. Furthermore, GMet v1.0 was compared with GPCC and TRMM rainfall estimates, with both products found to adequately mimick GMet v1.0, with high correlations which are significant at 99% confidence level, low biases and rmse. In addition, the ratio of 90th – percentile provided fairly similar capture of extremes by both TRMM and GPCC, in relation to GMet v1.0. Finally, based on annual rainfall totals and monthly variability, k‐means cluster analysis was performed on GMet v1.0, which delineated the country into four distinct climatic zones. The developed rainfall data, when officially released, will be a useful product for climate impact and further rainfall validation studies in Ghana.
Changes in temporal distribution of precipitation in a Mediterranean area (Tuscany, Italy) 1955–2013
Authors: Bartolini Giorgio , Grifoni Daniele , Magno Ramona , Torrigiani Tommaso , Gozzini Bernardo 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThis study investigates changes in precipitation regimes in Tuscany (central Italy) over the 1955–2013 period, by using the precipitation concentration index (PCI) and rainfall amount. The PCI is a dimensionless indicator of the temporal concentration of the precipitation. Different statistical methods were applied over the whole period and two independent sub‐periods (1955–1984 and 1985–2013). A p‐value <0.05 was chosen as level of significance for all the statistical tests.Main results, coming from 35 weather stations, did not show statistically significant trends of the PCI on annual basis and during winter. In spring and summer statistically significant increases were found, respectively, in two stations in northern Apennine (+1.6/50 years) and in four stations in central southern inner areas (+2.3/50 years). In autumn one station in northern Apennine showed a significant decrease (−1.9/50 years).Sub‐periods analysis mainly showed higher values of PCI in the recent sub‐period on annual scale (statistically significant along the coast), in spring (significant in northwest and northern Apennine), in summer (significant in central southern inner areas) and during winter (not significant).Considering the year‐to‐year variability of the annual PCI, statistically significant increasing trends were found in the northern part of Tuscany, while decreasing tendencies were observed in the southern one.Concerning annual rainfall, six stations showed statistically significant decreases (−19%/50 years). On monthly basis, two stations exhibited significant decreasing trends in March and two in December (respectively −48% and −37%/50 years). Two significant decreases were observed in both June and July (respectively −53% and −63%/50 years). One station in northern coast showed instead a significant increase in September (+72%/50 years).This investigation represents a further tile in the larger mosaic of analysis of climate change and its different impact on precipitation regime at regional level and supports studies concerning water management in the areas characterized by strong seasonality.
Mitigation translocation of red‐tailed hawks to reduce raptor–aircraft collisions
Authors: Pullins Craig K. , Guerrant Travis L. , Beckerman Scott F. , Washburn Brian E. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTTranslocation of problematic individual animals is commonly used to reduce human–wildlife conflicts, especially to reduce the presence or abundance of raptors within airport environments, where they pose a risk to safe aircraft operations. Although this method has strong public support, there have been no scientific evaluations of its efficacy or to determine which factors might influence the return of translocated birds to the airport. We conducted a study to determine which biological and logistical factors might influence the return of red‐tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) translocated from Chicago's O'Hare International Airport (ORD) during 2010–2013. We live‐captured and translocated red‐tailed hawks various distances from the ORD airfield and monitored for returning birds. We found the odds of hawk return increased by 2.36 (95% CI = 0.99–5.70) times for older birds (>1 yr of age) relative to younger birds (≤ 1 yr of age). Odds of hawk return went up 4.10 (95% CI = 0.75–22.2) times when translocations were conducted during the breeding season relative to the non‐breeding season. The odds of hawk return increased 11.94 (95% CI = 3.29–43.38) times for each subsequent translocation event involving the same hawk. The cost of 1 translocation event to the release sites that were 81, 121, 181, and 204 km from ORD was $213, $284, $362, and $426, respectively. Management programs that use release sites 80 km from the airport minimize translocation events to include only younger birds during the non‐breeding season, and undertake only 1 translocation event for an individual hawk would increase program efficacy and greatly reduce program implementation costs. The decision matrix regarding the use of a raptor trapping and translocation program involves a variety of biological, logistical, economic, and sociopolitical variables. This study represents an important first step in providing a scientific foundation for informing such management decisions. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Relationships Among Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Plasma Cytokines in African American Women
Authors: Denis Gerald V. , Sebastiani Paola , Andrieu Guillaume , Tran Anna H. , Strissel Katherine J. , Lombardi Frank L. , Palmer Julie R. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThe principal objective of this investigation was to identify novel cytokine associations with BMI and type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsCytokines were profiled from African American women with obesity who donated plasma to the Komen Tissue Bank. Multiplex bead arrays of analytes were used to quantify 88 cytokines and chemokines in association with clinical diagnoses of metabolic health. Regression models were generated after elimination of outliers.ResultsAmong women with obesity, T2D was associated with breast adipocyte hypertrophy and with six plasma analytes, including four chemokines (chemokine [C‐C motif] ligand 2, chemokine [C‐C motif] ligand 16, chemokine [C‐X‐C motif] ligand 1, and chemokine [C‐X‐C motif] ligand 16) and two growth factors (interleukin 2 and epidermal growth factor). In addition, three analytes were associated with obesity independently of diabetes: interleukin 4, soluble CD40 ligand, and chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 3.ConclusionsProfiling of inflammatory cytokines combined with measures of BMI may produce a more personalized risk assessment for obesity‐associated disease in African American women.
The free radical scavenging activity of lespedezacoumestan toward ˙OH radical: A quantum chemical and computational kinetics study
Authors: Bayat Ahmad , Fattahi Alireza 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe free radical activity of lespedezacoumestan was investigated toward hydroxyl (˙OH) radical in polar and nonpolar media using density functional theory. Four reaction mechanisms including radical adduct formation, hydrogen atom transfer, sequential single electron‐proton transfer (SET‐PT), and sequential proton loss electron transfer were considered. The rate constants and branching ratio for all possible sites of reaction were calculated and reported for the first time. According to the obtained results, lespedezacoumestan reacts faster with ˙OH radical in aqueous solution than in nonpolar media. Also, lespedezacoumestan is an excellent ˙OH radical scavenger regardless of the environment polarity.
Synthesis and properties of multifunctional thiol crosslinked gels containing disulfide bond in the network structure
Authors: Naga Naofumi , Moriyama Kazumasa , Furukawa Hidemitsu 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTJoint crosslinked gels containing disulfide linkage have been synthesized by oxidation reaction of multi‐functional thiol monomers, trimethylolpropane tris(3‐mercaptopropionate), tris‐[3‐mercaptopropionyloxy‐ethyl]‐isocyanurate, pentaerythritol tetrakis (3‐mercaptopropionate), and dipenta‐erythritol hexakis (3‐mercaptopropionate) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Both the oxidation reactions with DMSO at 85 °C and Albright‐Goldman oxidation in the presence of acetic anhydride at 50 °C yielded the corresponding gels. The oxidation reaction with DMSO showed higher reaction conversion than that with Albright‐Goldman oxidation. Network structure of the gels was quantitatively characterized by means of a scanning microscopic light scattering. The reactions formed homogeneous network structure with about 0.5 nm of mesh in the gels. Mechanical properties of the obtained gels were investigated by compression test. Increasing of the crosslinking density with increasing of the monomer concentration, number of thiol group of the monomer or reaction conversion, raised Young's modulus, and breaking stress of the gels. Cogelation of the tri‐, tetra‐, of hexa‐thiol monomer and dithiol monomers yielded soft and flexible gels. Reduction of the disulfide bonds in the gels by dithiothreitol turned the gel into solution. Heating of the resulting solution induced the regelation by reforming of the disulfide bonds. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3749–3756
Measuring 13C‐enriched CO2 in air with a cavity ring‐down spectroscopy gas analyser: Evaluation and calibration
Authors: Dickinson Dane , Bodé Samuel , Boeckx Pascal 
Published: August 2017

RationaleCavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS) is becoming increasingly popular for δ13C‐CO2 analysis of air. However, little is known about the effect of high 13C abundances on the performance of CRDS. Overlap between 12CO2 and 13CO2 spectral lines may adversely affect isotopic‐CO2 CRDS measurements of 13C‐enriched samples. Resolving this issue is important so that CRDS analysers can be used in CO2 flux studies involving 13C‐labelled tracers.MethodsWe tested a Picarro G2131‐i CRDS isotopic‐CO2 gas analyser with specialty gravimetric standards of widely varying 13C abundance (from natural to 20.1 atom%) and CO2 mole fraction (xCO2: <0.1 to 2116 ppm) in synthetic air. The presence of spectroscopic interference between 12CO2 and 13CO2 bands was assessed by analysing errors in measurements of the standards. A multi‐component calibration strategy was adopted, incorporating isotope ratio and mole fraction data to ensure accuracy and consistency in corrected values of δ13C‐CO2, x12CO2, and x13CO2.ResultsCRDS measurements of x13CO2 were found to be accurate throughout the tested range (<0.005 to 100 ppm). On the other hand, spectral cross‐talk in x12CO2 measurements of standards containing elevated levels of 13CO2 led to inaccuracy in x12CO2, total‐xCO2 (x12CO2 + x13CO2), and δ13C‐CO2 data. An empirical relationship for x12CO2 measurements that incorporated the 13C/12C isotope ratio (i.e. 13CO2/12CO2,
) as a secondary (non‐linear) variable was found to compensate for the perturbations, and enabled accurate instrument calibration for all CO2 compositions covered by our standard gases.Conclusions13C‐enrichement in CO2 leads to minor errors in CRDS measurements of x12CO2. We propose an empirical correction for measurements of 13C‐enriched CO2 in air by CRDS instruments such as the Picarro G2131‐i.