bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of autistic traits and their relationships with other psychopathological domains in young adults seeking psychiatric attention: a cluster analysis
Authors: Demartini Benedetta , Ingrosso Gianmarco , Serio Francesca , Nisticò Veronica , Broglia Giovanni , Bertani Angelo , Faggioli Raffaella , Gambini Orsola , Massimetti Gabriele , Dell’Osso Liliana , Carpita Barbara 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Nearly two-thirds of individuals with a mental disorder start experiencing symptoms during adolescence or early adulthood, and the onset of a mental disorder during this critical life stage strongly predicts adverse socioeconomic and health outcomes. Subthreshold manifestations of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), also called autistic traits (ATs), are known to be associated with a higher vulnerability to the development of other psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to assess the presence of ATs in a population of young adults seeking specialist assistance and to evaluate the study population across various psychopathological domains in order to determine their links with ATs.

Methods
We recruited a sample of 263 adolescents and young adults referring to a specialized outpatient clinic, and we administered them several self-report questionnaires for the evaluation of various psychopathological domains. We conducted a cluster analysis based on the prevalence of ATs, empathy, and sensory sensitivity scores.

Results
The cluster analysis identified three distinct groups in the sample: an AT cluster (22.43%), an intermediate cluster (45.25%), and a no-AT cluster (32.32%). Moreover, subjects with higher ATs exhibited greater symptomatology across multiple domains, including mood, anxiety, eating disorder severity, psychotic symptoms, and personality traits such as detachment and vulnerable narcissism.

Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of identifying ATs in young individuals struggling with mental health concerns. Additionally, our findings underscore the necessity of adopting a dimensional approach to psychopathology to better understand the complex interplay of symptoms and facilitate tailored interventions.
Medical Tourism for Cancer Treatment: Trends, Trajectories, and Perspectives From African Countries
Authors: Rubagumya Fidel , Carson Laura , Afolayan Daniel , Rugengamanzi Eulade , Nnko Godwin Abdiel , Abdihamid Omar , Vanderpuye Verna , Hammad Nazik 
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE
Cancer continues to be a significant public health concern. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) struggles with a lack of proper infrastructure and adequate cancer care workforce. This has led to some countries relying on referrals of cancer care to countries with higher income levels. In some instances, patients refer themselves. Some countries have made it their goal to attract patients from other countries, a term that has been referred to as medical tourism. In this article, we explore the current status of oncology-related medical tourism in SSA.

METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study. The study participants included oncologists, surgeons, and any other physicians who take care of patients with cancer. A predesigned questionnaire was distributed through African Organization for Research and Training in Cancer member mailing list and through study team personal contacts and social media.

RESULTS
A total of 52 participants from 17 African countries with a 1.6:2 male to female ratio responded to the survey. Most (55.8%) of the respondents were from Eastern African countries. The majority (92%) of study participants reported that they knew patients who referred themselves abroad, whereas 75% referred patients abroad, and the most common (94%) referral destination was India. The most common (93%) reason for referral was perception of a higher quality of care in foreign health institutions.

CONCLUSION
The findings suggest the need to improve local health care systems including building trust of the system among general population. The study highlights potential financial toxicity, and it adds to the current emphasis on return of investment on homegrown workforce and cancer treatment infrastructure.
Safety, Growth, and Development After Dapagliflozin or Saxagliptin in Children With Type 2 Diabetes (T2NOW Follow-Up)
Authors: Shehadeh Naim , Galassetti Pietro , Iqbal Nayyar , Karlsson Cecilia , Monyak John , Ostridge Jennifer , Bolin Marie , Barrett Timothy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context
The T2NOW trial of dapagliflozin or saxagliptin vs placebo in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) demonstrated promising efficacy data for dapagliflozin and did not raise any safety concerns over 52 weeks.

Objective
This work aimed to assess long-term effects of prior dapagliflozin/saxagliptin administration on safety, growth, and development.

Methods
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind phase 3 trial (T2NOW) was conducted among 210 children with T2D aged 10 to 17 years, followed for up to 1 year after treatment. Participants were previously treated with once-daily dapagliflozin (5, 10 mg), saxagliptin (2.5, 5 mg), or placebo as an add-on to diet, exercise, metformin, and/or insulin for 52 weeks, plus a 52-week nontreatment follow-up period. Main outcome measures included change in height, weight, body mass index (BMI), Tanner staging, growth and maturation markers, bone biomarkers, and adverse events (AEs) from baseline to week 104.

Results
As expected in a pediatric population, mean height and weight slightly increased from baseline to week 104. BMI remained generally stable; changes were similar across treatment groups. Sexual maturation progressed normally to week 104, with similar shifts between Tanner stages and changes in growth and maturation markers and bone biomarkers across groups. The proportion of patients reporting 1 or more AEs during the nontreatment follow-up period was similar across groups previously treated with dapagliflozin (18.5%) or saxagliptin (15.9%) compared to placebo (21.1%). No deaths occurred.

Conclusion
Prior treatment with dapagliflozin or saxagliptin for 52 weeks did not raise any safety concerns relating to height, weight, BMI, Tanner staging, growth and maturation markers, bone biomarkers, or AEs for up to 52 weeks following treatment discontinuation in pediatric patients with T2D.
Targeted Deletion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Rescues Metabolic Dysregulation of Diet-induced Obesity in Female Mice
Authors: Park Min Young , Tu Chia-Ling , Perie Luce , Verma Narendra , Serdan Tamires Duarte Afonso , Shamsi Farnaz , Shapses Sue , Heffron Sean , Gamallo-Lana Begona , Mar Adam C , Alemán José O , Mueller Elisabetta , Chang Wenhan , Sitara Despina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a bone-secreted protein widely recognized as a critical regulator of skeletal and mineral metabolism. However, little is known about the nonskeletal production of FGF23 and its role in tissues other than bone. Growing evidence indicates that circulating FGF23 levels rise with a high-fat diet (HFD) and they are positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) in humans. In the present study, we show for the first time that increased circulating FGF23 levels in obese humans correlate with increased expression of adipose Fgf23 and both positively correlate with BMI. To understand the role of adipose-derived Fgf23, we generated adipocyte-specific Fgf23 knockout mice (AdipoqFgf23Δfl/Δfl) using the adiponectin-Cre driver, which targets mature white, beige, and brown adipocytes. Our data show that targeted ablation of Fgf23 in adipocytes prevents HFD-fed female mice from gaining body weight and fat mass while preserving lean mass but has no effect on male mice, indicating the presence of sexual dimorphism. These effects are observed in the absence of changes in food and energy intake. Adipose Fgf23 inactivation also prevents dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis in female mice. Moreover, these changes are associated with decreased respiratory exchange ratio and increased brown fat Ucp1 expression in knockout mice compared to HFD-fed control mice (Fgf23fl/fl). In conclusion, this is the first study highlighting that targeted inactivation of Fgf23 is a promising therapeutic strategy for weight loss and lean mass preservation in humans.
Temperature and water availability induce chronic stress responses in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Colominas-Ciuró Roger , Kowalczewska Anna , Jefimow Małgorzata , Wojciechowski Michał S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Animals initiate physiological mechanisms to re-establish homeostasis following environmental stress. To understand how bird physiology responds to abiotic stress, we quantified changes in haematological markers of chronic stress response and body condition of male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) acclimated for 18 weeks to hot and cool temperatures (daytime temperature: 40°C and 23°C) with water available ad libitum or restricted during half of the active phase. Ambient temperature induced greater chronic stress than restricted water availability. While cool compared with hot temperatures induced higher numbers of heterophils and heterophil to lymphocyte (H:L) ratios and reduced total leucocyte count, water restriction decreased the number of lymphocytes compared with water ad libitum. Body condition correlated with haematological parameters showing that birds with better condition had greater capacity to face environmental stress. Therefore, prolonged exposure to cool periods may result in chronic stress in zebra finches, especially if body condition is weakened.
Extubation Decisions with Predictive Information for Mechanically Ventilated Patients in the ICU
Authors: Cheng Guang , Xie Jingui , Zheng Zhichao , Luo Haidong , Ooi Oon Cheong 
Published: October 2024

Weaning patients from mechanical ventilators is a crucial decision in intensive care units (ICUs), significantly affecting patient outcomes and the throughput of ICUs. This study aims to improve the current extubation protocols by incorporating predictive information on patient health conditions. We develop a discrete-time, finite-horizon Markov decision process with predictions of future state to support extubation decisions. We characterize the structure of the optimal policy and provide important insights into how predictive information can lead to different decision protocols. We demonstrate that adding predictive information is always beneficial, even if physicians place excessive trust in the predictions, as long as the predictive model is moderately accurate. Using a comprehensive data set from an ICU in a tertiary hospital in Singapore, we evaluate the effectiveness of various policies and demonstrate that incorporating predictive information can reduce ICU length of stay by up to 3.4% and, simultaneously, decrease the extubation failure rate by up to 20.3%, compared with the optimal policy that does not utilize prediction. These benefits are more significant for patients with poor initial conditions upon ICU admission. Both our analytical and numerical findings suggest that predictive information is particularly valuable in identifying patients who could benefit from continued intubation, thereby allowing for personalized and delayed extubation for these patients. This paper was accepted by Carri Chan, healthcare management. Funding: This work was supported by the Academic Research Fund (AcRF) Tier 2, Ministry of Education, Singapore [Grant MOE2019-T2-1-185] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71921001 and 72091210]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.01427 .
CINEMA NA ESCOLA: Possibilidades de fazer deslizes na maquinaria de ver
Authors: Goulart Aline Jekimim , De Almeida Aline Amsberg 
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo pretende discorrer sobre experimentações de cinema realizadas em escola, que potencializaram e podem potencializar a relação imagem e espaço, a partir de intervenções que trazem à tona e fazem novos sensíveis possíveis para alunos de Ensino Fundamental II da rede municipal de Campinas (SP). Partindo do pressuposto de que cinema e escola fazem parte de uma educação visual/estética e que o cinema na escola, como experimentação, altera as sensibilidades da escola, ativa um mafuá e abre vãos para que a criação se dê de maneira mais autônoma, propõe-se investigar e experimentar o cinema como potência pedagógica, permitindo aos alunos fazer deslizes na maquinaria de ver a/da escola e ter outros possíveis olhares com/na escola, a partir do cinema como possibilidade de agenciamentos de desterritorialização e reterritorialização da visão dos atores do espaço escolar. Em 2018, foram realizadas oficinas, intituladas “não-escola”, na EMEF Padre Melico Cândido Barbosa com alunos de 8º ano. Tanto as oficinas como suas análises deram origem ao projeto de mestrado que está em andamento e que pretende ampliar as experimentações que encontrem novos sensíveis, que intervenham no que é sensível e aquilo que pode ser sensível e tratem o cinema como possibilidade de desterritorialização do olhar na escola. A partir de um fazer cartográfico, que acompanha processos serão levados em conta a lei 13.006/14, as oficinas (já realizadas e por vir) e os estudos teóricos que contribuam para que o cinema na escola seja um território de articulação social e aprendizagem.
Construindo uma universidade internacionalizada: um estudo sobre a permanência estudantil na Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB)
Authors: Jorge Luciana dos Santos , Da Silva Carla Craice , Almeida Luciana Schleder 
Published: October 2024

A Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (Unilab) foi criada em 2010 com a proposta de integrar Brasil e África. Por essa razão, possui cerca de 25% do corpo discente vindos de Países de Língua Oficial Portuguesa (Palop), fundamentalmente do continente africano, além de ser uma universidade com presença maciça da população negra dos interiores da Bahia e do Ceará, onde se localizam os campi. Este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir para o debate sobre a permanência dos estudantes da Unilab levando em conta as especificidades dos pilares do projeto. O campo da pesquisa foi realizado entre os meses de janeiro e abril de 2021, durante o período de pandemia. Como procedimento metodológico, em um primeiro momento, houve a aplicação de um questionário com estudantes dos três primeiros semestres do curso do Bacharelado Interdisciplinar em Humanidades no campus da Bahia. Em um segundo momento, foram distribuídos sete “diários de afiliação” para estudantes selecionados a partir das respostas do primeiro momento. Através da pesquisa, observamos que estudantes ingressantes na Unilab estão em situação de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, mesmo aqueles atendidos pelo Programa de Assistência ao Estudante (PAES). A preocupação com a permanência material se sobrepõe em diversos momentos à permanência simbólica. A vertente simbólica da permanência estudantil não foi explicitada de forma direta nos diários por esses estudantes, mas se faz presente nas nuances do cotidiano. Garantir a permanência dessa juventude é algo desafiador especialmente pela especificidade do projeto UNILAB, o que exige um olhar sobre as trajetórias desses estudantes.
Jovens em contexto de refúgio: narrativas que revelam modos de vida e o lugar da escola
Authors: Carrano Paulo Cesar Rodrigues , Magalhães Viviane Penso 
Published: October 2024

O artigo aborda relações de jovens em contexto de refúgio com suas escolas e outros lugares da cidade. Migrantes, refugiados, solicitantes de refúgio e filhos de africanos, esses são estudantes e moradores do bairro de Gramacho, em Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro. Os jovens e as jovens participantes da pesquisa compartilham representações sobre cotidianos, hábitos, costumes, entretenimentos e a socialização familiar. As experiências reveladas ocorrem no espaço-tempo antropológico que denominamos “contexto de refúgio”. As narrativas desses jovens revelam sonhos, expectativas, frustrações e alegrias atravessados pelos vínculos estabelecidos com a instituição escolar. A metodologia da pesquisa propôs que os jovens elaborassem suas narrativas através da produção de fotografias. Para isso, uma máquina fotográfica foi cedida para que estes produzissem imagens de seus cotidianos. Após recebidas e categorizadas, as fotografias proporcionaram momentos dialógicos que fortaleceram vínculos entre os jovens e a pesquisa. Narrar o fotografado estimulou a reflexividade dos jovens sobre aquilo que decidiram selecionar para contar suas próprias histórias. Os encontros, as fotografias e as narrativas revelaram representações elaboradas a partir da ideia de oportunidade de integração que a escola enuncia para os jovens. Observamos, ainda, que para os jovens africanos e seus familiares a possibilidade de completar o ciclo de formação educacional é um fator relevante no ato de migrar.
Os imigrantes chegam às escolas... e as políticas públicas?
Authors: Damasio Marcia Jose , Rodrigues Marilda Merência 
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo sistematiza o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada no período de 2019 a 2021. Discute a existência de políticas públicas estaduais de inclusão e inserção qualitativa da população haitiana nas escolas de Educação Básica do Estado de Santa Catarina. Para isso, percorre um caminho investigativo por três instâncias, a Secretaria Estadual de Educação de Santa Catarina, o Conselho Estadual de Educação e a Assembleia Legislativa, por meio do qual é possível identificar as dinâmicas e permeabilidades do Estado às novas demandas, e inventariar os documentos oriundos dessas instâncias voltados às populações imigrantes. Do conjunto de fontes, sobressai a Lei que institui a política estadual para a população Imigrante. Os Documentos são analisados à luz das políticas educacionais e da Análise de Conteúdo. Conclui que ainda há uma invisibilidade das políticas públicas, especialmente específicas ao campo educacional. Entretanto, reconhece os avanços com a instituição de uma política estadual para essa população, o que possibilitará a emergência de políticas públicas em educação.
Trajetórias femininas no Complexo da Maré: contribuições da juventude
Authors: De Medeiros Cristiano Sant´Anna , Da Silva Isadora Souza , Oliveira Mariana Muniz 
Published: October 2024

O presente texto, que é fruto de três pesquisas em educação, busca compreender como jovens de uma região periférica de uma grande metrópole se entendem como mulheres e se relacionam socialmente. Investigamos, assim, suas percepções do seu lugar de moradia e/ou pertencimento e o modo como as jovens lidam com questões sexistas que atravessam essas regiões. Para tal empreitada, lançamos mão de um breve olhar para as favelas em sua relação construída historicamente de exclusão com a cidade. Optamos por utilizar um referencial teórico feminista negro ( hooks 2019 e Lorde, 2019) para melhor compreender as narrativas das jovens, além do referencial etnográficos clássico. Utilizamos, além dos dados das três pesquisas supracitadas, entrevistas com jovens mulheres moradoras do Complexo da Maré com faixa etária entre 20 e 21 anos.
Enhancing food sustainability in the acute hospital setting – a nurse-led study of patient food
Authors: Moody Suzy Clare 
Published: October 2024

Background: Intensive global food production causes soil, water and air pollution, which has a negative impact on our health and future ability to produce sufficient nutritious food. Plant-based diets have the potential to reduce the environmental damage associated with the global food chain. Aims: The project sought to understand drivers of food waste and to improve food sustainability in a busy, tertiary referral hospital in England. Methods: Ward-level food waste was quantified. Qualitative data were collected using informal interviews with staff and additional data utilised the patient feedback survey. Ward-level food packaging waste and patient food choices were quantified using data on patient menu choices. The carbon footprint of patient food choices was calculated. Findings: Beef was the most popular menu choice, and was the main contributing factor to the high environmental impact of the hospital food chain. Increasing the visibility of vegetarian options on the menu led to a four-fold rise in these meals being chosen, which reduced the carbon footprint of the patient meal service. Recycling food packaging was also started, but there are challenges to widespread implementation. Conclusion: The project was successful, but it remains a starting point from which to increase food sustainability across the NHS and care sector catering provision
Plasmonically enhanced solar-blind self-powered photodetector array utilizing Pt nanoparticles-modified Ga2O3 nanorod heterojunction
Authors: Zhao Qinzhi , Mao Lingfeng , Wan Peng , Li Lijian , Tang Kai , Kan Caixia , Shi Daning , Wang Xiaoxuan , Jiang Mingming 
Published: October 2024

Low-dimensional Ga2O3 monocrystalline micro/nanostructures show promising application prospects in large-area arrays, integrated circuits, and flexible optoelectronic devices, owing to their exceptional optoelectronic performance and scalability for mass production. Herein, we developed an 8×8 array of high-performance solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors based on Pt nanoparticles-modified Ga2O3 (PtNPs@Ga2O3) nanorod film heterojunction with p-GaN substrate serving as the hole transporting layer. The PtNPs@Ga2O3/GaN heterojunction detector units exhibit outstanding photovoltaic performance at 0 V bias, demonstrating high responsivity (189.0 mA/W), specific detectivity (4.0×1012 Jones), external quantum efficiency (92.4%), and swift response time (674/692 µs) under an irradiance of 1  μW/cm2 at 254 nm. Their exceptional performance stands out among competitors of the same type. In addition, the detector array demonstrated satisfactory results in a conceptual demonstration of high-resolution imaging, benefiting from the excellent stability and uniformity exhibited by its array units. These findings provide a straightforward and viable method for developing a high-performance solar-blind ultraviolet detector array based on low-dimensional Ga2O3 nanorod monocrystalline, demonstrating their potential advancement in large-area, integrable, and flexible optoelectronic devices.