bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peritonitis as a risk factor for long‐term cardiovascular mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients: The case of a friendly fire?
Authors: Pecoits‐Filho Roberto , Yabumoto Franciele M , Campos Ludimila G , Moraes Thyago P , Figueiredo Ana E , Olandoski Márcia , Shimakura Silvia E , Barretti Pasqual ,   on behalf of the BRAZPD Investigators
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimSince the impact of peritonitis on long‐term non‐infectious mortality has not been investigated until the present, the aim of this study was to analyze the impact of peritonitis on long‐term cardiovascular (CV) mortality in a large peritoneal dialysis (PD) cohort.MethodsThe analysis was based on BRAZPD II, a national prospective cohort study that recruited patients in Brazilian centres from December 2004 to January 2011. Incident adult PD patients with at least 90 days on treatment were included in the analysis. Cardiovascular death occurring after a minimum of 30 days after a peritonitis episode was considered the primary endpoint. Cox regression analysis for time‐dependent variables was used for the adjustments.ResultsThere were 2405 episodes of peritonitis in 5707 patients (48% males, 44% diabetes, 73% hypertensive). Patients with one episode of peritonitis presented a 22% increase in the hazard ratio of late CV mortality compared to those who never experienced peritonitis (HR1.22; CI95%1.01–1.47). Adjusted hazard for CV mortality showed a stepwise negative effect on survival for each additional peritonitis episode of infection: two episodes (HR1.78; CI95%1.31–2.42), three episodes (HR2.81; CI95%1.83–4.32) and four episodes (HR3.84; CI95%2.01–7.32).ConclusionPeritonitis was an independent predictor of CV mortality and the frequency of peritonitis was strongly associated with an increase in this risk. This is the first study to demonstrate the impact of peritonitis on late cardiovascular mortality of PD patients, suggesting a link between acute inflammation and cardiovascular outcomes.
Tense and Relativity
Authors: Bacon Andrew 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThose inclined to positions in the philosophy of time that take tense seriously have typically assumed that not all regions of space‐time are equal: one special region of space‐time corresponds to what is presently happening. When combined with assumptions from modern physics this has the unsettling consequence that the shape of this favored region distinguishes people in certain places or people traveling at certain velocities. In this paper I shall attempt to avoid this result by developing a tensed picture of reality that is nonetheless consistent with ‘hypersurface egalitarianism’—the view that all hypersurfaces are equal.
High‐resolution DNA content analysis of microbiopsy samples in oral lichen planus
Authors: Pentenero M , Monticone M , Marino R , Aiello C , Marchitto G , Malacarne D , Giaretti W , Gandolfo S , Castagnola P 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesDNA aneuploidy has been reported to be a predictor of poor prognosis in both premalignant and malignant lesions. In oral lichen planus (OLP), this hypothesis remains to be proved. This study aimed to determine the rate of occurrence of DNA aneuploidy in patients with OLP by high‐resolution DNA flow cytometry.MethodsPatients with OLP were consecutively enrolled. Tissue samples were subdivided for formalin fixation and routine histological assessment and for immediate storage at −20°C for later DNA ploidy analysis, which was performed by DAPI staining of the extracted nuclei and excitation with a UV lamp. The DNA aneuploid sublines were characterized by the DNA Index.ResultsA DNA aneuploid status was observed in two of 77 patients with OLP (2.6%). When considering the clinical aspect of the OLP lesions, both DNA aneuploid cases had a reticular clinical aspect.ConclusionsDNA aneuploidy is an uncommon event in OLP and less frequent compared to other non‐dysplastic and non‐OLP oral potentially malignant disorders. The extremely low rate of DNA aneuploidy could represent an occasional finding or reflect the low rate of malignant transformation observed in patients with OLP even if the real prognostic value of DNA ploidy analysis in patients with OLP remains to be confirmed.
Video‐Assisted Thoracoscopic Left Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation in Patients with Hereditary Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: JANG SE YONG , CHO YONGKEUN , KIM NAM KYUN , KIM CHANG‐YEON , SOHN JIHYUN , ROH JAE‐HYUNG , BAE MYUNG HWAN , LEE JANG HOON , YANG DONG HEON , PARK HUN SIK , CHAE SHUNG CHULL , OH TAK‐HYUK , KIM GUN JIK 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundLeft cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) has been underutilized in patients with hereditary ventricular arrhythmia syndromes such as congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of video‐assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) LCSD in such patients.MethodsFifteen patients (four men, 24.6 ± 10.5 years old) who underwent VATS‐LCSD between November 2010 and January 2015 for hereditary ventricular arrhythmia syndromes at Kyungpook National University Hospital were enrolled in this study. The safety and efficacy of VATS‐LCSD were evaluated by periprocedural epinephrine tests and assessing the development of complications and cardiac events during follow‐up.ResultsFourteen patients with LQTS and one patient with CPVT underwent VATS‐LCSD. Six and one patients developed ventricular tachyarrhythmia during preprocedural and postprocedural epinephrine test, respectively (P = 0.063). No serious complications such as Horner syndrome, pneumothorax, or bleeding developed after LCSD. Mean hospital stay after VATS‐LCSD was 3.7 ± 1.5 days. During a mean follow‐up of 927 ± 350 days, one LQTS patient and one CPVT patient, neither of whom manifested tachyarrhythmia during post‐LCSD epinephrine test, developed torsades de pointes and syncope, respectively. The annual event rates of six patients who were symptomatic during the period preceding LCSD decreased from 0.97 to 0.19 events/year (P = 0.045).ConclusionsVATS‐LCSD was a safe, and effective procedure for patients with hereditary ventricular tachycardia syndrome, with no serious adverse events and with short hospital stay.
Release of resource constraints allows greater carbon allocation to secondary metabolites and storage in winter wheat
Authors: Huang Jianbei , Hammerbacher Almuth , Forkelová Lenka , Hartmann Henrik 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) is rapidly increasing, and this may have substantial impact on how plants allocate metabolic resources. A thorough understanding of allocation priorities can be achieved by modifying [CO2] over a large gradient, including low [CO2], thereby altering plant carbon (C) availability. Such information is of critical importance for understanding plant responses to global environmental change. We quantified the percentage of daytime whole‐plant net assimilation (A) allocated to night‐time respiration (R), structural growth (SG), nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and secondary metabolites (SMs) during 8 weeks of vegetative growth in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) growing at low, ambient and elevated [CO2] (170, 390 and 680 ppm). R/A remained relatively constant over a large gradient of [CO2]. However, with increasing C availability, the fraction of assimilation allocated to biomass (SG + NSC + SMs), in particular NSC and SMs, increased. At low [CO2], biomass and NSC increased in leaves but decreased in stems and roots, which may help plants achieve a functional equilibrium, that is, overcome the most severe resource limitation. These results reveal that increasing C availability from rising [CO2] releases allocation constraints, thereby allowing greater investment into long‐term survival in the form of NSC and SMs.
Development of transgenic crops based on photo‐biotechnology
Authors: Ganesan Markkandan , Lee Hyo‐Yeon , Kim Jeong‐Il , Song Pill‐Soon 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe phenotypes associated with plant photomorphogenesis such as the suppressed shade avoidance response and de‐etiolation offer the potential for significant enhancement of crop yields. Of many light signal transducers and transcription factors involved in the photomorphogenic responses of plants, this review focuses on the transgenic overexpression of the photoreceptor genes at the uppermost stream of the signalling events, particularly phytochromes, crytochromes and phototropins as the transgenes for the genetic engineering of crops with improved harvest yields. In promoting the harvest yields of crops, the photoreceptors mediate the light regulation of photosynthetically important genes, and the improved yields often come with the tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and heavy metal ions. As a genetic engineering approach, the term photo‐biotechnology has been coined to convey the idea that the greater the photosynthetic efficiency that crop plants can be engineered to possess, the stronger the resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.Development of GM crops based on photoreceptor transgenes (mainly phytochromes, crytochromes and phototropins) is reviewed with the proposal of photo‐biotechnology that the photoreceptors mediate the light regulation of photosynthetically important genes, and the improved yields often come with the added benefits of crops' tolerance to environmental stresses.
A Calibrated Power Prior Approach to Borrow Information from Historical Data with Application to Biosimilar Clinical Trials
Authors: Pan Haitao , Yuan Ying , Xia Jielai 
Published: December 2016

SummaryA biosimilar product refers to a follow-on biologic that is intended to be approved for marketing on the basis of biosimilarity to an existing patented biological product (i.e. the reference product). To develop a biosimilar product, it is essential to demonstrate biosimilarity between the follow-on biologic and the reference product, typically through two-arm randomization trials. We propose a Bayesian adaptive design for trials to evaluate biosimilar products. To take advantage of the abundant historical data on the efficacy of the reference product that is typically available at the time that a biosimilar product is developed, we propose the calibrated power prior, which allows our design to borrow information adaptively from the historical data according to the congruence between the historical data and the new data collected from the current trial. We propose a new measure, the Bayesian biosimilarity index, to measure the similarity between the biosimilar product and the reference product. During the trial, we evaluate the Bayesian biosimilarity index in a group sequential fashion on the basis of the accumulating interim data and stop the trial early once there is enough information to conclude or reject the similarity. Extensive simulation studies show that the design proposed has higher power than traditional designs. We applied the design to a biosimilar trial for treating rheumatoid arthritis.
Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Montevideo and Newport in Free‐ranging Sea Turtles and Beach Sand in the Caribbean and Persistence in Sand and Seawater Microcosms
Authors: Ives A.‐K. , Antaki E. , Stewart K. , Francis S. , Jay‐Russell M. T. , Sithole F. , Kearney M. T. , Griffin M. J. , Soto E. 
Published: December 2016

SummarySalmonellae are Gram‐negative zoonotic bacteria that are frequently part of the normal reptilian gastrointestinal flora. The main objective of this project was to estimate the prevalence of non‐typhoidal Salmonella enterica in the nesting and foraging populations of sea turtles on St. Kitts and in sand from known nesting beaches. Results suggest a higher prevalence of Salmonella in nesting leatherback sea turtles compared with foraging green and hawksbill sea turtles. Salmonella was cultured from 2/9 and identified by molecular diagnostic methods in 3/9 leatherback sea turtle samples. Salmonella DNA was detected in one hawksbill turtle, but viable isolates were not recovered from any hawksbill sea turtles. No Salmonella was detected in green sea turtles. In samples collected from nesting beaches, Salmonella was only recovered from a single dry sand sample. All recovered isolates were positive for the wzx gene, consistent with the O:7 serogroup. Further serotyping characterized serovars Montevideo and Newport present in cloacal and sand samples. Repetitive‐element palindromic PCR (rep‐PCR) fingerprint analysis and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis of the 2014 isolates from turtles and sand as well as archived Salmonella isolates recovered from leatherback sea turtles in 2012 and 2013, identified two distinct genotypes and four different pulsotypes, respectively. The genotyping and serotyping were directly correlated. To determine the persistence of representative strains of each serotype/genotype in these environments, laboratory‐controlled microcosm studies were performed in water and sand (dry and wet) incubated at 25 or 35°C. Isolates persisted for at least 32 days in most microcosms, although there were significant decreases in culturable bacteria in several microcosms, with the greatest reduction in dry sand incubated at 35°C. This information provides a better understanding of the epizootiology of Salmonella in free‐ranging marine reptiles and the potential public health risks associated with human interactions with these animals in the Caribbean.
Public Health Follow‐up of Suspected Exposure to Echinococcus multilocularis in Southwestern Ontario
Authors: Trotz‐Williams L. A. , Mercer N. J. , Walters J. M. , Wallace D. , Gottstein B. , Osterman‐Lind E. , Boggild A. K. , Peregrine A. S. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIn the 3 years since the first report of canine alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in Ontario, three additional cases have been diagnosed in the province. Of the four cases reported to date, three have had no known history of travel outside the province. It is possible that this development is an indication of previously unrecognized environmental contamination with Echinococcus multilocularis eggs in some areas of the province. If so, there is the potential for an emerging threat to human health. This article describes a local public health department's investigation of the possible exposure to E. multilocularis of a number of individuals who had had contact with the latest of the four cases of canine AE, and summarizes a comprehensive decision process that can be used by public health departments to assist in the follow‐up of such exposures.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella enterica Serovar Indiana in China (1984–2016)
Authors: Gong J. , Kelly P. , Wang C. 
Published: December 2016

SummarySalmonella enterica serovar Indiana, first described in 1955, is generally regarded as having a low frequency worldwide with outbreaks of gastroenteritis and abortions described in North America and Europe. In China, S. Indiana was first reported in 1984 and in the subsequent 71 surveys in 35 cities/municipalities from 18 provinces, 70% of which were after 2012, S. Indiana has been shown to have become widely prevalent in people, animals, food and the environment around abattoirs and meat processing facilities. The organism is now one of the most common serovars found in livestock and raw meat in China with S. Indiana isolates having high levels of drug resistance, especially against tetracyclines, quinolones, folate pathway inhibitors, phenicols, penicillins, monobactams and nitrofurans. Further, S. Indiana isolates that are concurrently resistant to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone/cefotaxime have emerged. Studies have suggested the high levels of multidrug resistance of S. Indiana might be associated with the presence of class 1 integrons and plasmids. Unfortunately, information on the high prevalence of S. Indiana and its extensive drug resistance in China has largely escaped international recognition as it largely appears in local reports written in Chinese. To address this situation, we reviewed all the available local Chinese and international publications on the organism in China and report our findings in this review.
Experts' Perceptions on China's Capacity to Manage Emerging and Re‐emerging Zoonotic Diseases in an Era of Climate Change
Authors: Hansen A. , Xiang J. , Liu Q. , Tong M. X. , Sun Y. , Liu X. , Chen K. , Cameron S. , Hanson‐Easey S. , Han G.‐S. , Weinstein P. , Williams C. , Bi P. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryZoonotic diseases transmitted by arthropods and rodents are a major public health concern in China. However, interventions in recent decades have helped lower the incidence of several diseases despite the country's large, frequently mobile population and socio‐economic challenges. Increasing globalization, rapid urbanization and a warming climate now add to the complexity of disease control and prevention and could challenge China's capacity to respond to threats of emerging and re‐emerging zoonoses. To investigate this notion, face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with 30 infectious disease experts in four cities in China. The case study diseases under discussion were malaria, dengue fever and haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, all of which may be influenced by changing meteorological conditions. Data were analysed using standard qualitative techniques. The study participants viewed the current disease prevention and control system favourably and were optimistic about China's capacity to manage climate‐sensitive diseases in the future. Several recommendations emerged from the data including the need to improve health literacy in the population regarding the transmission of infectious diseases and raising awareness of the health impacts of climate change amongst policymakers and health professionals. Participants thought that research capacity could be strengthened and human resources issues for front‐line staff should be addressed. It was considered important that authorities are well prepared in advance for outbreaks such as dengue fever in populous subtropical areas, and a prompt and coordinated response is required when outbreaks occur. Furthermore, health professionals need to remain skilled in the identification of diseases for which incidence is declining, so that re‐emerging or emerging trends can be rapidly identified. Recommendations such as these may be useful in formulating adaptation plans and capacity building for the future control and prevention of climate‐sensitive zoonotic diseases in China and neighbouring countries.
Effectiveness of different minimally invasive epiphysiodesis techniques in the management of pediatric leg length discrepancies: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Cain Megan , Stephenson Matthew , Umapathysivam Kandiah , Williams Nicole , Ianunzio Jamie 
Published: December 2016

Review question/objective:
The objective of this review is to synthesize the best available evidence on the use of minimally invasive epiphysiodesis (MIE) for the management of pediatric leg length discrepancies (LLDs). The effectiveness of four different MIE techniques will be compared, including transphyseal screws, physeal drilling and curettage, physeal stapling and guided growth with eight-Plates.
Specific review questions to be addressed include:What method of MIE is most effective at achieving growth arrest and correcting a LLD in children?- Percentage of correction- Rate of correctionAre the postoperative complication profiles different for each method of MIE?- Angular deformity- Failure of growth arrest- Infection- Re-operation/interventionHow do children respond to each technique?- Length of hospital stay- Time to return to activities of daily living such as schooling
Effectiveness of intermittent urinary catheterization in patients with neurogenic bladder: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Fumincelli Laís , Mazzo Alessandra , Martins José Carlos Amado , Henriques Fernando Manuel Dias , Cardoso Daniela , Rodrigues Manuel Alves 
Published: December 2016

Review question/objective:
The objective of this review is to investigate the effectiveness of the use of intermittent urinary catheterization in improving the quality of life (QoL) of patients with neurogenic bladder.
Key components and strategies utilized by nurses for de-escalation of aggression in psychiatric in-patients: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Shah Lubna , Annamalai Jancirani , Aye Swe Nwe , Xie Huiting , Pavadai Singaravelan s/o , Ng Warric , Suppiah Kuganesh s/o , Shah Abu , Manickam Maragatham 
Published: December 2016

Review question/objective:
This systematic review aims to identify the effective de-escalation strategies that nurses utilize to prevent aggressive behaviors.
Specifically, this review has the following objectives:To explore effective strategies used by nurses to de-escalate aggression in patients in the psychiatric setting.To identify the key components of effective strategies in the de-escalation of aggression in patients by nurses in the psychiatric setting.
Capnography compared to pulse oximetry for early detection of respiratory compromise in non-intubated patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Holton Jace , Flattery Bryan 
Published: December 2016

Review question/objective:
Does the use of capnography versus pulse oximetry increase the early detection of respiratory compromise and improve safety in non-intubated patients undergoing moderate sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures?
Respiratory compromise will be detected by alveolar hypoventilation/hyperventilation (EtCO2 < 35 mmHg/EtCO2 > 50 mmHg), arterial oxygen desaturation (defined as a pulse oximetry reading of <95% for >5 s), visual assessments of abnormal ventilation including apnea detection and adverse respiratory events that involve the need for bag-mask ventilation.
Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for the prevention and management of psychological and social morbidity in women who have an elective abortion: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Castillo-Bueno María Dolores , Moreno-Pina Josefa Patricia , Castaño-Molina Maria Angeles , González-Sánchez Marta , García-Arsac Isabel 
Published: December 2016

Review question/objective:
The objective of this review is to synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for the prevention and management of psychological and social morbidity in women who have an elective abortion.
The specific review question that will be addressed is: In women (aged 13 years or more) with unwanted pregnancies who decide to have an elective abortion, which non-pharmacological interventions should be provided before, during and after the elective abortion procedure both in community and hospital environments to prevent and manage psychological and social morbidity?
Effect of peak inspiratory pressure on the development of postoperative pulmonary complications in mechanically ventilated adult surgical patients: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Wamsley Chelsa , Missel Donald 
Published: December 2016

Review question/objective:
The objective is to identify the effect of peak inspiratory pressure on the development of postoperative pulmonary complications.
More specifically, the objective is to identify the effect of maintaining intraoperative peak inspiratory pressure less than or equal to 30 cmH2O compared with peak inspiratory pressure greater than 30 cmH2O on the incidence of postoperative atelectasis, pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in mechanically ventilated adult surgical patients.