bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between oxidized low‐density lipoprotein and cognitive impairment in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Wang A. , Liu J. , Meng X. , Li J. , Wang H. , Wang Y. , Su Z. , Zhang N. , Dai L. , Wang Y. , Wang Y. 
Published: October 2017

Background and purposeThe association between oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and cognitive impairment is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between oxLDL and cognitive impairment among patients with acute ischemic stroke.MethodsWe measured the levels of oxLDL and recorded the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score in patients with acute ischemic stroke who were recruited from the Study of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. Cognitive impairment was defined as an MMSE score of <24. The association between oxLDL and cognitive impairment was assessed by multivariate logistic or linear regression analysis. Other clinical variables of interest were also studied.ResultsA total of 3726 patients [1287 (34.54%) female] were included in this study, with a mean age of 63.62 ± 11.96 years. After adjusting for potential confounders in our logistic regression model, each SD increase in oxLDL was associated with a 26% increase in the prevalence of cognitive impairment (odds radio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.39; P < 0.0001). Similarly, higher oxLDL was associated with lower MMSE scores, with a 0.56‐point decrease in MMSE score for every SD increase in oxLDL in a linear regression analysis (β = −0.56; 95% confidence interval, −0.81 to −0.32; P < 0.0001). There were no significant interactions between oxLDL and age, sex or education levels for cognitive impairment (all interactions, P > 0.05).ConclusionsElevated levels of oxLDL were associated with a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with ischemic stroke.
An ‘epidemic’ of multiple sclerosis and falling infection rates? Reflecting on comparisons made and the rising multiple sclerosis incidence in Bach's 2002 New England Journal of Medicine figure
Authors: Tremlett H. , Lucas R. 
Published: October 2017

Background and purposeWe set out to revisit and comment on the evidence surrounding a popular figure published in the New England Journal of Medicine (2002), which suggests that the incidence of immune‐mediated diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), is increased by reduced exposure to infections.MethodsCommentary.ResultsWe found that, to date (May 2017), this influential article has been cited >2000 times. However, on close investigation of the figure, we noticed some problems. Specifically, we observed several challenges inherent in using ecological data from disparate studies and countries to make conclusions surrounding the temporal patterns and relationships between diseases. For example, the figure depicts incidence data for MS based solely on a limited group of individuals with MS (n = 637; 455 women and 182 men) living within the region of Sassari on the island of Sardinia, known for its unique genealogy and risk of MS. However, the infectious‐related data were based primarily on large population studies from the USA, with one derived from army recruits in France.ConclusionsWe encourage the scientific community to apply rigorous, consistent methods in order to confirm or refute whether a strong, direct relationship does or does not exist between the incidence of MS and infectious diseases. Further, our article highlights a major knowledge gap that would benefit from a thorough review of the temporal trends related to MS incidence. Collation of this wide body of knowledge may provide a balanced understanding of this important topic and would best serve the progress of MS research.
Transrectal ultrasonographic examination of the sacroiliac joints of the horse: Technique and normal images
Authors: Tallaj A. , Coudry V. , Denoix J.‐M. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryTransrectal ultrasonography of the sacroiliac joints is routinely performed for the diagnosis of the cause of low back pain and lack of power in the hindlimbs. As a result of the localisation of these small joints, performing and interpreting ultrasonographic images requires a good anatomical knowledge. This paper describes an ultrasonographic procedure that allows imaging of the ventral aspect of the sacroiliac joints. A complete screening should be done to evaluate the articular margins. Moreover, the shape of sacral and iliac wings can vary among individuals especially depending on the gender.
GenoType® HelicoDR test in comparison with histology and culture for Helicobacter pylori detection and identification of resistance mutations to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones
Authors: Pastukh Nina , Binyamin Dana , On Avi , Paritsky Maya , Peretz Avi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere are several methods for Helicobacter pylori infection diagnosis.AimThe efficacies of three methods for H. pylori identification directly from a biopsy were compared: histology, culture, and molecular GenoType® HelicoDR test.Materials & MethodsEighty‐five triplicates of stomach antrum biopsies were obtained during gastroscopy procedures for culture, histology, and molecular assay. In addition, we performed molecular identification of genes encoding resistance to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones.ResultsThe results have shown that the most specific method with the highest number of positive specimens was by molecular kit, compared to culture and histology (94.3%, 77.1%, and 71.4%, respectively). There was a higher rate of resistance mutations to clarithromycin than to fluoroquinolones (68.26% vs 20%). The most common mutations for clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones resistance were found in alleles A2143G and N87K, respectively. The highest rate of positive specimens was identified by the molecular.DiscussionGenoType HelicoDR kit (94.3%), which has several advantages: direct identification, strain resistance characterization, mixture of genotypes detection, and no transport or storage limitations; thus, it is an excellent epidemiological screening tool. This work has demonstrated a lower resistance rate to fluoroquinolones; it is possible that in the investigated geographic area treatment with fluoroquinolones may be preferable to clarithromycin. GenoType® HelicoDR test eliminates the need for culture performance and susceptibility tests for several common antibiotic agents and enables optimal and specific antibiotic treatment adjustment.ConclusionWe recommend a combination of PCR assay and bacterial culture for a quick method of screening and more efficient identification of H. pylori strains and resistance patterns.
Editorial: Minding the gap – research on sexual minority and gender nonconforming children and adolescents
Authors: Zeanah Charles H. , Myint Myo Thwin 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThere is often a gap between politics and science, but the influence across the gap is bidirectional. This editorial considers a longitudinal, community‐based sample of children and adolescents and asks about risks from early childhood gender non‐conformity and adolescent reported sexual minority status for subsequent anxiety disorders. It is especially valuable to have longitudinal data from a non‐referred sample to address questions of risk, and the investigators must be complemented for having foresight about these questions twenty years ago. The topics of our investigations are informed and motivated by cultural assumptions, pressures and conflicts. In the example discussed, transgender people are not new, but research on their development is fairly recent, as they are culturally now more accepted as different rather than pathological. Research findings also matter to the culture. Dropping homosexuality as a mental disorder in formal nosologies occurred with significant scientific substantiation. The value of this research to enhance clinical care and offer informed parental guidance about children of a minority status cannot be overemphasized.
Cognitive mechanisms of inhibitory control deficits in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Schmitt Lauren M. , White Stormi P. , Cook Edwin H. , Sweeney John A. , Mosconi Matthew W. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundInhibitory control deficits are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and associated with more severe repetitive behaviors. Inhibitory control deficits may reflect slower execution of stopping processes, or a reduced ability to delay the onset of behavioral responses in contexts of uncertainty. Previous studies have documented relatively spared stopping processes in ASD, but whether inhibitory control deficits in ASD reflect failures to delay response onset has not been systematically assessed. Further, while improvements in stopping abilities and response slowing are seen through adolescence/early adulthood in health, their development in ASD is less clear.MethodsA stop‐signal test (SST) was administered to 121 individuals with ASD and 76 age and IQ‐matched healthy controls (ages 5–28). This test included ‘GO trials’ in which participants pressed a button when a peripheral target appeared and interleaved ‘STOP trials’ in which they were cued to inhibit button‐presses when a stop‐signal appeared at variable times following the GO cue. STOP trial accuracy, RT of the stopping process (SSRT), and reaction time (RT) slowing during GO trials were examined.ResultsRelative to controls, individuals with ASD had reduced accuracy on STOP trials. SSRTs were similar across control and ASD participants, but RT slowing was reduced in patients compared to controls. Age‐related increases in stopping ability and RT slowing were attenuated in ASD. Reduced stopping accuracy and RT slowing were associated with more severe repetitive behaviors in ASD.DiscussionOur findings show that inhibitory control deficits in ASD involve failures to strategically delay behavioral response onset. These results suggest that reduced preparatory behavioral control may underpin inhibitory control deficits as well as repetitive behaviors in ASD. Typical age‐related improvements in inhibitory control during late childhood/early adolescence are reduced in ASD, highlighting an important developmental window during which treatments may mitigate cognitive alterations contributing to repetitive behaviors.
Implementation of a gerontology nurse specialist role in primary health care: Health professional and older adult perspectives
Authors: King Anna I I , Boyd Michal L , Dagley Lynelle , Raphael Deborah L 
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore an innovative primary healthcare gerontology nurse specialist role from the perspectives of older people and health professionals.BackgroundPrimary care is struggling to meet the needs and demands of complex older people. New models which incorporate holistic assessment and care coordination are necessary.DesignA qualitative descriptive general inductive design was used.MethodsOlder people at risk of health and functional decline were identified and received a comprehensive gerontology assessment and care coordination. Older adults (75 years+) enrolled within one of three primary healthcare practices in Auckland, New Zealand were eligible. Healthcare professionals directly involved with the primary healthcare gerontology nurse specialist model were invited for study participation. Face‐to‐face interviews were held with five older people and six health professionals were interviewed by telephone. A semistructured interview guide was used for all interviews. A general inductive approach was undertaken for analysis to systematically identify codes and themes.ResultsData analysis revealed two central themes from the older people perspective: “holistic expertise” and “communication.” Two main themes were identified from the health professional perspective: “competency” and “service delivery.” Results showed the gerontology nurse specialist role was highly regarded by both older people and the health professionals. The in‐home comprehensive geriatric assessment was identified as greatly beneficial.ConclusionsThe competence and care coordination of the gerontology nurse specialist reduced fragmentation and were deemed immensely valuable. Care coordination should be recognised as a key component to meeting the complex needs of at‐risk older people in the community.Relevance to clinical practiceThe expert knowledge of the gerontology nurse specialist and in‐home comprehensive geriatric assessment were crucial aspects of the new model. Equally important was the assimilation of primary and secondary care infrastructure to upskill and deliver mentorship to the gerontology nurse specialist.
“I'm not sure I'm a nurse”: A hermeneutic phenomenological study of nursing home nurses' work identity
Authors: Thompson Juliana , Cook Glenda , Duschinsky Robbie 
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore nursing home nurses' experiences and views of work identity.BackgroundNursing home nurses are in a unique position as they work at the interface of health and social care. Little is known about nursing home nurses' perceptions and experiences of working within this context. Evidence suggests that using the concept of work identity can support understanding of how workers make sense of their work.DesignHermeneutic phenomenological study.MethodsThe study was carried out in seven nursing homes in North East England. Findings are based upon literary analysis of multiple episodic interviews with 13 nursing home nurses.ResultsParticipants' responses suggested that nursing “residents” is different to nursing “patients,” and nursing home nurses are required to modify their care activities to account for these differences. Participants also proposed that they are isolated and excluded from the rest of the healthcare workforce group. These issues led participants to feel uncertain about work identity. Many participants attempted to strengthen their work identity by aligning their role with what they perceived the “nurse identity” to be.ConclusionNurses' work activities and professional group identity influence their work identity. When work activities and professional group identity do not align with role expectations, as can be the case for nursing home nurses, work identity may be compromised. These nurses may attempt to change work practices to strengthen their work identity.Relevance to clinical practiceHealth‐ and social care providers need to account for work identity factors in the organisation of care, and planning and implementation of integrated health‐ and social care initiatives.
The relationship of interpersonal sensitivity and depression among patients with chronic atrophic gastritis: The mediating role of coping styles
Authors: Zhao Xia , Wu Menglian , Zhang Dan , Sun Yaoyao , Yang Yang , Xie Hui , Su Yonggang , Jia Jihui , Zhang Shuhong 
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the prevalence of depression and the relationship among interpersonal sensitivity, coping styles and depression in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and explore the mediating role of coping styles between interpersonal sensitivity and depression.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 101 patients diagnosed with chronic atrophic gastritis aged 33–83 years. All the participants were surveyed face to face and given the informed consent. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the interpersonal sensitivity dimension of the Symptoms Checklist‐90‐Revised, the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire and Hospital Depression Scale were measured. A descriptive analysis and a correlation matrix were used to illuminate the characteristics of subjects and bivariate correlations, respectively. Hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrapping method were used to test the mediating effect of coping styles between interpersonal sensitivity and depression.ResultsThe prevalence of depression among patients with chronic atrophic gastritis was 54.50%. The regression analysis revealed that interpersonal sensitivity was positively related to depression. The effect of interpersonal sensitivity on depression was partially mediated by coping styles, including positive coping and negative coping.ConclusionsDepression was highly prevalent in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. Coping styles played a mediating role between interpersonal sensitivity and depression, which had important clinical implications for physicians and nurses.Relevance to clinical practicePatients who are at high risk of depression should be identified and applicable targets should be made for prevention and intervention, in consideration of mental health of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis.
Learning lessons from the analysis of patient complaints relating to staff attitudes, behaviour and communication, using the concept of emotional labour
Authors: Hogg Rhona , Hanley Janet , Smith Pam 
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectivesThis article explores the content of letters of complaint by patients and carers about the behaviour, attitudes and communication of healthcare staff.BackgroundThe most common focus of patient complaints in the UK and other high‐income countries is staff attitudes, behaviour and communication. There is a move to learn lessons from patient complaints, which can be used to improve patient care and experience.MethodsFifty letters of complaint made by patients and carers relating to the behaviour, attitudes and communication of healthcare staff were analysed.ResultsPoor attitudes, behaviours and communication have significant negative impact on the emotional well‐being of patients and carers. Many patients and carers have heightened sensitivities due to both health‐related stresses and also other factors. The healthcare role is expected to include compassion and kindness. The concept of emotional labour is useful in explaining the skills and effort required of staff in this often invisible and undervalued aspect of health care.ConclusionsGiven the increasing focus on patient experience, it is important that the importance of good staff attitudes, behaviours and communication is understood and that the emotional labour associated with this is recognised.Relevance to clinical practiceAn understanding of emotional intelligence can protect staff from burnout and other negative outcomes which those in a caring role can experience.
The Institutional Work of Exploitation: Employers’ Work to Create and Perpetuate Inequality
Authors: Hamann Ralph , Bertels Stephanie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSocial inequality is underpinned by exploitative labour institutions, yet the agency of employers in establishing and maintaining such institutions remains underexplored. We thus adopt the lens of institutional work in analysing South African mining employers’ purposive efforts to ensure reliable access to cheap labour from the 1860s through until the infamous Marikana Massacre in 2012. We find that while labour is scarce, employers engage in forcing: creating exploitative institutional devices through conscripting and controlling. But as labour becomes abundant (and political winds shift), employers engage in freeing: liberalizing institutional controls to give workers ‘choice’, while simultaneously outsourcing responsibilities and costs associated with the unjust employment relationship to others, including workers themselves. We thus explain how employers purposefully create and perpetuate their advantage in interaction with labour market dynamics, contributing to our understanding of inequality and the role of actors’ intentions in impacting social systems.
Tumor‐derived exosomes enhance invasion and metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells
Authors: Hou Jin , Wang Fangyuan , Liu Xiaohao , Song Mengyang , Yin Xuemin 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesTumor‐derived exosomes (TDE) have been shown to participate in different steps of the dissemination of cancer cells. However, the role of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma‐derived (SACC‐derived) exosomes had not been documented in SACC. The study aims to explore the functions of SACC‐derived TDE in SACC progression and investigate potential mechanisms.MethodsSalivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line SACC‐83 was used to generate TDE. Afterward, SACC‐83 or HUVECs were cocultured with or without TDE. Tumor migration, tumor invasion, and endothelial permeability were examined by wound healing assay, tumor invasion assay, endothelial permeability assay, and tumor cell transendothelial migration assay, respectively. Moreover, the expression levels of cell junction‐related proteins were examined by qRT‐PCR and Western blot.ResultsSalivary adenoid cystic carcinoma ‐83‐derived exosomes were taken up by their host cells. Meanwhile, TDE increased migration and invasion capacity of SACC‐83 cells and enhanced endothelial cell permeability. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the expression of cell junction‐related proteins (Claudins and ZO‐1) was downregulated, which is presumably involved in the TDE‐mediated promotion of migration, invasion, and metastasis.ConclusionThe results suggested that SACC cell‐derived exosomes were loaded with individual components that could enhance invasiveness and induce microenvironment changes, thus promoting SACC aggression.
Erding Formula in hyperuricaemia treatment: unfolding traditional Chinese herbal compatibility using modern pharmaceutical approaches
Authors: Zuo Jieyu , He Hongming , Zuo Zhengyun , Bou-Chacra Nádia , Löbenberg Raimar 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Traditional Chinese herbal formulas are difficult to be understood because of complex compositions and specific therapeutic principles. To better understand herbal compatibility in Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), this study was conducted to investigate the effects of a Chinese pharmacopoeia-listed formula, Erding Formula (EF) and its constituent herbs for a new indication, hyperuricaemia.

Methods
A hypoxanthine and potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mouse model, a xylene-induced inflammatory mouse model and an acetic acid-induced pain model were used to test the effects of EF and its constituent herbs. In addition, we investigated whether EF and/or its relevant herbs had an impact on the expression of URAT1 and OAT3 mRNA.

Key findings
The results showed EF and individual herbs had pharmacological effects on selected targets. Only Viola yedoensis Makino (Viola) lowered uric acid levels, while all four herbs had anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The EF may lower the uric acid level through inhibiting the expression of URAT1 mRNA and enhancing the expression of OAT3 mRNA.

Conclusions
These findings provide pharmacological insights into the effects of EF and individual herbs on UA excretion. This study suggests that Viola is the main herb in EF. This study facilitates better understanding of TCM principles and theories using modern pharmaceutical approaches.