bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced biglycan gene expression in the adipose tissues of obese women and its association with obesity-related genes and metabolic parameters
Authors: Kim Jimin , Lee Seul Ki , Shin Ji-min , Jeoun Un-woo , Jang Yeon Jin , Park Hye Soon , Kim Jong-Hyeok , Gong Gyung-Yub , Lee Taik Jong , Hong Joon Pio , Lee Yeon Ji , Heo Yoon-Suk 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling dynamically occurs to accommodate adipose tissue expansion during obesity. One non-fibrillar component of ECM, biglycan, is released from the matrix in response to tissue stress; the soluble form of biglycan binds to toll-like receptor 2/4 on macrophages, causing proinflammatory cytokine secretion. To investigate the pattern and regulatory properties of biglycan expression in human adipose tissues in the context of obesity and its related diseases, we recruited 21 non-diabetic obese women, 11 type 2 diabetic obese women, and 59 normal-weight women. Regardless of the presence of diabetes, obese patients had significantly higher biglycan mRNA in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Biglycan mRNA was noticeably higher in non-adipocytes than adipocytes and significantly decreased during adipogenesis. Adipose tissue biglycan mRNA positively correlated with adiposity indices and insulin resistance parameters; however, this relationship disappeared after adjusting for BMI. In both fat depots, biglycan mRNA strongly correlated with the expression of genes related to inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In addition, culture of human preadipocytes and differentiated adipocytes under conditions mimicking the local microenvironments of obese adipose tissues significantly increased biglycan mRNA expression. Our data indicate that biglycan gene expression is increased in obese adipose tissues by altered local conditions.
Associations between depressive symptoms and fronto-temporal activities during a verbal fluency task in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Pu Shenghong , Nakagome Kazuyuki , Miura Akihiko , Iwata Masaaki , Nagata Izumi , Kaneko Koichi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThough depressive symptoms are common in patients with schizophrenia, they are often left untreated and are associated with a high relapse rate, suicidal ideation, increased mortality, reduced social adjustment, and poor quality of life. The present study aims to elucidate the association between depressive symptoms and fronto-temporal activities during a cognitive task in patients with schizophrenia. The fronto-temporal activities of 41 Japanese patients with schizophrenia was evaluated during a verbal fluency task using 52-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the depression/anxiety component of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) five-factor model. The depression/anxiety component of the PANSS five-factor model was negatively correlated with activities of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), right dorsolateral PFC, and left temporal regions. Our findings suggest that reduced fronto-temporal activities on NIRS during a verbal fluency task is related to depressive symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia.
Sensory hypo-excitability in a rat model of fetal development in Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Berzhanskaya Julia , Phillips Marnie A. , Shen Jing , Colonnese Matthew T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is characterized by sensory hyper-sensitivity, and animal models suggest that neuronal hyper-excitability contributes to this phenotype. To understand how sensory dysfunction develops in FXS, we used the rat model (FMR-KO) to quantify the maturation of cortical visual responses from the onset of responsiveness prior to eye-opening, through age equivalents of human juveniles. Rather than hyper-excitability, visual responses before eye-opening had reduced spike rates and an absence of early gamma oscillations, a marker for normal thalamic function at this age. Despite early hypo-excitability, the developmental trajectory of visual responses in FMR-KO rats was normal, and showed the expected loss of visually evoked bursting at the same age as wild-type, two days before eye-opening. At later ages, during the third and fourth post-natal weeks, signs of mild hyper-excitability emerged. These included an increase in the visually-evoked firing of regular spiking, presumptive excitatory, neurons, and a reduced firing of fast-spiking, presumptive inhibitory, neurons. Our results show that early network changes in the FMR-KO rat arise at ages equivalent to fetal humans and have consequences for excitability that are opposite those found in adults. This suggests identification and treatment should begin early, and be tailored in an age-appropriate manner.
Low-intensity exercise training maintains adipokines in obese children
Authors: Kang Sunghwun , Woo Jinhee , Yeo Nam-Hwoeh , Ok Duckpil , Yoo Jaeho , Shin Ki Ok 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of a 12 weeks low-intensity exercise training on body composition, adipokines, and growth factors in normal (NG) and obese (OG) children. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max); body composition; adipokines consisting of adiponectin, retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4), and interleukin-6 (IL-6); and growth factors including insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGF-BP3) were measured before and after low-intensity exercise training program. Body composition parameters such as body weight, body mass index, body fat (%) and VO2 max were significantly different between NG and OG. Adiponectin levels in NG were increased after 12 weeks exercise training. In addition, our results showed that the concentrations of adiponectin, RBP4, IGF-1, and IGF-BP3 in OG were higher than those of NG. Adiponectin levels were significantly correlated with body fat (r = −0.545, p = 0.001) and VO2max (r = 0.368, p = 0.032) and RBP4 levels were significantly correlated with body fat (r = 0.371, p = 0.031) in all subjects. Exercise training improved adiponectin levels in NG subjects and maintained the levels of body fat, adipokines (adiponectin, RBP4), and growth factors (IGF-1, IGF-BP3) in OG subjects. The present study revealed that regular low-intensity exercise training is strongly associated with high adiponectin levels in healthy children. However, obese children did not exhibit any changes in the levels of adipokines and maintained body composition and growth factors.
Biblical literature and the Western literary tradition
Authors: Linafelt Tod 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Biblical literature displays a rigorous economy of style. It is, especially, in its narrative mode, extraordinarily understated. Readers are given a bare minimum of information, and linguistic ornamentation for its own sake is noticeably lacking. “Biblical literature and the Western literary tradition” compares extracts from the Bible with Homer’s Iliad and considers what it is that makes biblical poetry “poetry”. It would be a mistake to take the Bible’s economy of style as an indicator of its simplicity or primitiveness as a work of literature. In fact, it is in no small part this terseness that lends biblical narrative its distinctive complexity as literature.
Reading biblical narrative
Authors: Linafelt Tod 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
“Reading biblical narrative” explores the workings of biblical narrative, using as examples the characters of Jacob and David and the books of Esther and Ruth, to bring into focus those elements that make us feel that we are reading literature. It shows how biblical narrative counts on and exploits exactly that which defines the treatment of character in novelistic fiction: a genuine inner life and a private, complex subjectivity. The distinctively terse mode of biblical narration leads to obscure character motivation, but it is this that gives the literature its profound complexity as it forces the reader to negotiate the many possible ways of imagining the characters’ inner lives.
GPS tracking of non-breeding ravens reveals the importance of anthropogenic food sources during their dispersal in the Eastern Alps
Authors: Loretto Matthias-Claudio , Schuster Richard , Bugnyar Thomas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn many songbirds, the space use of breeders is well studied but poorly understood for non-breeders. In common ravens, some studies of non-breeders indicate high vagrancy with large individual differences in home range size, whereas others show that up to 40% of marked non-breeders can be regularly observed at the same anthropogenic food source over months to years. The aim of this study was to provide new insights on ravens’ behavior during dispersal in the Eastern Alps. We deployed Global Positioning System (GPS) loggers on 10 individuals to gather accurate spatial and temporal information on their movements to quantify: 1) the dimension of the birds’ space use (home range size with seasonal effects and daily/long-term travel distances), 2) how long they stayed in a dispersal stage of wandering as opposed to settling temporarily, and 3) their destination of movements. We recorded movements of up to 40 km per hour, more than 160 km within 1 day and more than 11,000 km within 20 months, indicating high vagrancy. Switching frequently between temporarily settling and travelling large distances in short time intervals leads to extensive home ranges, which also explains and combines the different findings in the literature. The destinations are rich anthropogenic food sources, where the birds spent on average 75% of their time. We discuss how ravens may find these “feeding hot spots” and which factors may influence their decision to stay/leave a site. The strong dependence on anthropogenic resources found in this population may have implications for site management and conservation issues.
SHARP – II. Mass structure in strong lenses is not necessarily dark matter substructure: a flux ratio anomaly from an edge-on disc in B1555+375
Authors: Hsueh J.-W. , Fassnacht C. D. , Vegetti S. , McKean J. P. , Spingola C. , Auger M. W. , Koopmans L. V. E. , Lagattuta D. J. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Gravitational lens flux-ratio anomalies provide a powerful technique for measuring dark matter substructure in distant galaxies. However, before using these flux-ratio anomalies to test galaxy formation models, it is imperative to ascertain that the given anomalies are indeed due to the presence of dark matter substructure and not due to some other component of the lensing galaxy halo or to propagation effects. Here we present the case of CLASS B1555+375, which has a strong radio-wavelength flux-ratio anomaly. Our high-resolution near-infrared Keck II adaptive optics imaging and archival Hubble Space Telescope data reveal the lensing galaxy in this system to have a clear edge-on disc component that crosses directly over the pair of images that exhibit the flux-ratio anomaly. We find that simple models that include the disc can reproduce the cm-wavelength flux-ratio anomaly without requiring additional dark matter substructure. Although further studies are required, our results suggest the assumption that all flux-ratio anomalies are due to a population of dark matter sub-haloes may be incorrect, and analyses that do not account for the full complexity of the lens macro-model may overestimate the substructure mass fraction in massive lensing galaxies.
Continued Elevation of Interleukin-18 and Interferon-γ After Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy and Clinical Failure in a Diverse Multicountry Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cohort
Authors: Balagopal Ashwin , Gupte Nikhil , Shivakoti Rupak , Cox Andrea L. , Yang Wei-Teng , Berendes Sima , Mwelase Noluthando , Kanyama Cecilia , Pillay Sandy , Samaneka Wadzanai , Santos Breno , Poongulali Selvamuthu , Tripathy Srikanth , Riviere Cynthia , Lama Javier R. , Cardoso Sandra W. , Sugandhavesa Patcharaphan , Semba Richard D. , Hakim James , Hosseinipour Mina C. , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Sanne Ian , Asmuth David , Campbell Thomas , Bollinger Robert C. , Gupta Amita 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Background.  We assessed immune activation after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation to understand clinical failure in diverse settings.
Methods.  We performed a case-control study in ACTG Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals in Resource-Limited Settings (PEARLS). Cases were defined as incident World Health Organization Stage 3 or 4 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease or death, analyzed from ART weeks 24 (ART24) to 96. Controls were randomly selected. Interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible protein-10, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α, IFN-γ, and soluble CD14 (sCD14) were measured pre-ART and at ART24 in plasma. Continued elevation was defined by thresholds set by highest pre-ART quartiles (&gt;Q3). Incident risk ratios (IRRs) for clinical progression were estimated by Poisson regression, adjusting for age, sex, treatment, country, time-updated CD4+ T-cell count, HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA), and prevalent tuberculosis.
Results.  Among 99 cases and 234 controls, median baseline CD4+ T-cell count was 181 cells/µL, and HIV RNA was 5.05 log10 cp/mL. Clinical failure was independently associated with continued elevations of IL-18 (IRR, 3.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–7.20), sCD14 (IRR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.02–4.62), and IFN-γ (IRR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01–0.61). Among 276 of 333 (83%) who were virologically suppressed at ART24, IFN-γ was associated with protection from failure, but the association with sCD14 was attenuated.
Conclusions.  Continued IL-18 and sCD14 elevations were associated with clinical ART failure. Interferon-γ levels may reflect preserved immune function.
Effect of Elevated Intracranial Pressure on Amplitudes and Frequency Tuning of Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials Elicited by Bone-Conducted Vibration
Authors: Gürkov Robert , Speierer Guillaume , Wittwer Luis , Kalla Roger 
Published: July 2016

Objective:
Recently, it could be demonstrated that an increased intracranial pressure causes a modulation of the air conducted sound evoked ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP). The mechanism for this modulation is not resolved and may depend on a change of either receptor excitability or sound energy transmission.

Design:
oVEMPs were elicited in 18 healthy subjects with a minishaker delivering 500 and 1000 Hz tone bursts, in supine and tilted positions.

Results:
The study could confirm the frequency tuning of oVEMP. However, at neither stimulus frequency could a modulating effect of increased intracranial pressure be observed.

Conclusion:
These data suggest that the observed modulation of the oVEMP response by an increased intracranial pressure is primarily due to the effect of an increased intralabyrinthine pressure onto the stiffness of the inner ear contents and the middle ear–inner ear junction. Future studies on the effect of intracranial pressure on oVEMP should use air-conducted sound and not bone-conducted vibration.
The Detection of Prominent Hardware in Volar Locked Plating of Distal Radius Fractures: Intraoperative Fluoroscopy Versus Computed Tomography
Authors: Ganesh Devin , Service Ben , Zirgibel Brian , Koval Kenneth 
Published: July 2016

Objectives:
To assess the utility of the dorsal tangential view (DTV) in detecting intraoperative dorsal screw penetration in distal radius fractures treated with volar locked plating.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Academic level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Skeletally mature patients where open reduction internal fixation with volar locked plating was the definitive treatment. A total of twenty-six patients were evaluated.

Intervention:
Intraoperative anteroposterior, lateral, 20 degree tilted lateral, and DTVs were obtained through fluoroscopy in all wrists. Screw exchange and position by fluoroscopic view was recorded. A computed tomography (CT) was taken postoperatively to identify residual prominent screws.

Main Outcome Measures:
Data points included frequency of screw exchange by standard fluoroscopic views, the DTV, and residual prominent screws detected by CT.

Results:
Eight constructs of thirty (27%) had prominent screws evident on the DTV but not seen on standard fluoroscopic analysis. CT identified 5 additional screws with ≥1 mm dorsal penetration not identified by the DTV. All except 1 screw was in the second dorsal wrist compartment. The DTV was 67% sensitive with a negative predictive value of 97%.

Conclusion:
It is risky and unnecessary to place bicortical screws in the distal part of a volar plate. Given that the DTV view was not sufficient to avoid dorsal screw prominence, distal screws should be intentionally 2–4 mm shorter than measured. Recent studies propose bicortical distal locking screws are not needed for sufficient construct stiffness in volar locked plating. We suggest caution when using this view to verify acceptable placement of screws in proximity to the second dorsal compartment.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Assessing the Efficacy of Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in Multiply Injured Patients With High-Energy Pelvic and Extremity Fractures
Authors: Joseph Bellal , Khalil Mazhar , Harrison Caitlyn , Swartz Tianyi , Kulvatunyou Narong , Haider Ansab A. , Jokar Tahereh O. , Burk David , Mahmoud Ali , Latifi Rifat , Rhee Peter 
Published: July 2016

Objectives:
Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) is being increasingly used for reversing induced coagulopathy of trauma. However, the use of PCC for reversing coagulopathy in multiply injured patients with pelvic and/or lower extremity fractures remains unclear. The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of PCC for reversing coagulopathy in this group of patients.

Design:
Two-year retrospective analysis.

Setting:
Our level I trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
All coagulopathic [International normalized ratio (INR) ≥1.5] trauma patients. Patients with femur, tibia, or pelvic fracture were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups: PCC (single dose) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Patients in the 2 groups were matched using propensity score matching.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Time to correction of INR, time to intervention, development of thromboembolic complications, mortality, and cost of therapy.

Results:
A total of 81 patients (PCC: 27, FFP: 54) were included. Patients who received PCC had faster correction of INR and shorter time to surgical intervention in comparison to patients who received FFP. PCC therapy was also associated with lower overall blood product requirement (P = 0.02) and lower transfusion costs (P = 0.0001).

Conclusions:
In a matched cohort of multiply injured patients with pelvic and/or lower extremity fractures, administration of a single dose of PCC significantly reduced the time to correction of INR and time to intervention compared with patients who received FFP therapy. This may allow orthopaedic surgeons to more safely proceed with early, definitive fixation strategies.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Epinephrine Vasoconstriction Effect Time in the Scalp Differs According to Injection Site and Concentration
Authors: Na Young-Cheon , Park Raekil , Jeong Hii-Sun , Park Jae Hyun 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND
There have been few studies of the action of epinephrine injected into scalp tissue, or whether the action of epinephrine differs according to vascular anatomy within the same surgical field. Effective perioperative control of bleeding is critical during hair transplantation due to its time-consuming nature.

OBJECTIVE
To identify the vasoconstriction time of epinephrine by concentration and injection site in the scalp tissue.

METHODS
Twenty-five volunteers were injected with epinephrine at concentrations of 1:400,000, 1:200,000, 1:100,000, and 1:50,000 in the path of the supraorbital artery on the anterior hairline in the midfrontal area (Point A) and at the frontotemporal junction of the frontal hairline (Point B). Laser Doppler was used to measure scalp blood flow, and vasoconstriction time at Points A and B with each concentration of epinephrine was recorded.

RESULTS
The duration of action of epinephrine increased in direct proportion with the concentration of epinephrine. The duration of vasoconstriction was shorter at Point A than at Point B, but this difference was only statistically significant at an epinephrine concentration of 1:50,000.

CONCLUSION
The vasoconstriction time of epinephrine in the scalp correlated positively with concentration, and the duration of vasoconstriction was longer at Point B than at Point A.
Subjective and Objective Outcomes of Robotic and Vaginal High Uterosacral Ligament Suspension
Authors: Vallabh-Patel Vaneesha , Saiz Cristina , Salamon Charbel 
Published: July 2016

Objectives
This study was designed to assess the short-term outcomes in patients undergoing robotic or transvaginal high uterosacral ligament suspension for symptomatic apical prolapse at the time of hysterectomy.

Methods
This retrospective study used hospital and office electronic medical records to identify patients with symptomatic stage 2 to 4 prolapse, who had undergone either a robotic or transvaginal high uterosacral ligament suspension from July 2010 to January 2014. The database was searched using procedural codes for uterosacral ligament suspension. Each patient was contacted 1 year postoperatively to answer the pelvic floor distress inventory-20 via telephone, and this was compared to their initial preprocedural baseline questionnaire.

Results
Our primary outcome included the fulfillment of 3 criteria: (1) Prolapse leading edge of 0 or less and apex of ½ total vaginal length or less; (2) the absence of pelvic organ prolapse symptoms as reported on the pelvic floor distress inventory-20 question No. 3; and (3) no prolapse reoperations or pessary use during the study period. Ninety-two percent (24/26) in the robotic group and 85% (36/42) in the vaginal group (P = 0.46) successfully fulfilled these outcome criteria. There was no significant difference in the operative data between the 2 groups. There were no intraoperative complications in either group.

Conclusions
These short-term outcomes are promising and show a high success rate for the uterosacral ligament suspension at the time of a hysterectomy regardless of whether it was performed vaginally or robotically.
A Case of Disulfiram-Induced Psychosis in a Previously Asymptomatic Patient Maintained on Mixed Amphetamine Salts: A Review of the Literature and Possible Pathophysiological Explanations
Authors: Spiegel David R. , McCroskey Aidan , Puaa Kapaakea , Meeker Grant , Hartman Lauren , Hudson Joshua , Hung Yu C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Although perhaps better known as an irreversible aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor causing increased acetaldehyde levels after concomitant intake of ethanol, disulfiram or one of its metabolites (diethyldithiocarbamate) also inhibit dopamine β-hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. This mechanism has been advanced as a possible explanation for the development of psychosis, during disulfiram treatment, either in monotherapy or in combination therapy, when interaction-emergent psychosis could be causal. We present a young woman who was taking mixed amphetamine salts for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and developed a short-lived psychosis after introduction of disulfiram. The psychotic symptoms resolved after discontinuation of both medications, without the use of antipsychotic drugs. We proceed with a review of the literature of disulfiram-induced psychosis and discuss pathophysiological theories that possibly were involved in our patient's phenomenology.