bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic risk factors for pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gianfrancesco Milena A , Stridh Pernilla , Shao Xiaorong , Rhead Brooke , Graves Jennifer S , Chitnis Tanuja , Waldman Amy , Lotze Timothy , Schreiner Teri , Belman Anita , Greenberg Benjamin , Weinstock–Guttman Bianca , Aaen Gregory , Tillema Jan M , Hart Janace , Caillier Stacy , Ness Jayne , Harris Yolanda , Rubin Jennifer , Candee Meghan , Krupp Lauren , Gorman Mark , Benson Leslie , Rodriguez Moses , Mar Soe , Kahn Ilana , Rose John , Roalstad Shelly , Casper T Charles , Shen Ling , Quach Hong , Quach Diana , Hillert Jan , Hedstrom Anna , Olsson Tomas , Kockum Ingrid , Alfredsson Lars , Schaefer Catherine , Barcellos Lisa F , Waubant Emmanuelle ,   for the Network of Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centers
Published: October 2017

Background: Strong evidence supports the role of both genetic and environmental factors in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) etiology. Objective: We comprehensively investigated the association between established major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC adult multiple sclerosis (MS)-associated variants and susceptibility to POMS. Methods: Cases with onset <18 years ( n = 569) and controls ( n = 16,251) were included from the United States and Sweden. Adjusted logistic regression and meta-analyses were performed for individual risk variants and a weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) for non-MHC variants. Results were compared to adult MS cases ( n = 7588). Results: HLA–DRB1*15:01 was strongly associated with POMS (odds ratio (OR)meta = 2.95, p < 2.0 × 10−16). Furthermore, 28 of 104 non-MHC variants studied (23%) were associated ( p < 0.05); POMS cases carried, on average, a higher burden of these 28 variants compared to adults (ORavg = 1.24 vs 1.13, respectively), though the difference was not significant. The wGRS was strongly associated with POMS (ORmeta = 2.77, 95% confidence interval: 2.33, 3.32, p < 2.0 × 10−16) and higher, on average, when compared to adult cases. Additional class III risk variants in the MHC region associated with POMS were revealed after accounting for HLA–DRB1*15:01 and HLA–A*02. Conclusion: Pediatric and adult MS share many genetic variants suggesting similar biological processes are present. MHC variants beyond HLA–DRB1*15:01 and HLA–A*02 are also associated with POMS.
A population-based prospective study of optic neuritis
Authors: Soelberg K , Jarius S , Skejoe HPB , Engberg H , Mehlsen JJ , Nilsson AC , Madsen JS , Reindl M , Wildemann B , Grauslund J , Kyvik KO , Smith TJ , Lillevang ST , Paul F , Weinshenker BG , Asgari N 
Published: October 2017

Background: Optic neuritis (ON) is often associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Early diagnosis is critical to optimal patient management. Objective: To estimate the incidence of acute ON and the rates of conversion to MS and antibody-mediated ON. Method: Population-based prospective study was performed in patients with ON from three ophthalmological departments and 44 practicing ophthalmologists from 2014 to 2016. Ophthalmological and neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), determination of aquaporin-4(AQP4)-IgG and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG were investigated blindly. Results: In all, 63 patients were evaluated and 51 fulfilled the criteria for ON. All were Caucasian, with female:male ratio of 2.2:1 and a median age of 38 years (16–66); 44 (86%) had a single episode of ON (four bilateral), while 7/51 (14%) had recurrent ON. The overall age-specific incidence was 3.28 (2.44–4.31) per 100,000 person years, 2.02 for men and 4.57 for women. At follow-up, 20 patients met the diagnostic criteria for MS, MRI lesions disseminated in space and time in 17/20 patients. AQP4-IgG was detected in none, MOG-IgG was detected in two patients. Conclusion: The prospective incidence of ON was estimated. MRI enabled a diagnosis of MS in a subgroup of patients. Antibody-mediated ON with specificity for MOG was detected in 4% of cases.
Clinical outcomes following primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction according to sex and race
Authors: Krishnamurthy Arvindra , Keeble Claire , Burton-Wood Natalie , Somers Kathryn , Anderson Michelle , Harland Charlotte , Baxter Paul D , McLenachan James M , Blaxill Jonathan M , Blackman Daniel J , Malkin Christopher J , Wheatcroft Stephen B , Greenwood John P 
Published: October 2017

Background: Female sex and South Asian race have been associated with poor clinical outcomes following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) but remain understudied in large real-world series. We therefore investigated the association of sex and race with clinical outcomes following PPCI. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of all patients undergoing PPCI for STEMI between January 2009 and December 2011 at a large UK cardiac centre. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared according to sex and race using Chi-square test, independent samples Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test. Primary and secondary outcomes were 12-month major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) – defined as all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction and unplanned revascularization, analysed using Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Three thousand and forty-nine patients were included. Women ( n=826) were older than men ( n=2223) (median age 69 vs. 60 years, p <0.01). Mortality (hazard ratio 1.48 (1.15–1.90)) and MACE (hazard ratio 1.40 (1.14–1.72)) were higher in women in univariable analysis. However, there were no significant sex-differences in mortality or MACE after age-stratification alone. Multivariable analysis also showed no significant differences in outcomes between sexes. South Asians ( n=297) were younger but had a higher prevalence of most risk factors than White patients ( n=2570). Mortality and MACE did not differ significantly between South Asian and White patients in univariable or multivariable analysis. Conclusion: MACE and mortality was not greater in women, or in South Asian patients following PPCI after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors including age, which was most strongly associated with both outcomes.
Biochemical Effects of Aqueous Extract of Persea americana (Mill) on the Myocardium of Left Ventricle of High Salt–Fed Adult Wistar Rats
Authors: Olushola Ayoola I. , Aderibigbe Komolafe O. , Stephen Saka O. , Ayodeji Odukoya S. 
Published: October 2017

Background. The cardioprotective effects of Persea americana extract was investigated on biochemical activities of high salt–fed adult Wistar rats in this study. Method. Forty healthy Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 120 to 150 g were randomly assigned into 8 groups of 5 rats each (groups A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H). Rats in groups A, F, G, and H were fed with standard laboratory pellets, while groups B, C, D, and E were fed on the high-salt diet for 4 weeks. Concomitantly, daily administration of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg of the P americana extract were given orally to groups C and F, D and G, and E and H, respectively, while rats in groups A and B were administered distilled water. Blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture; concentration of sodium ion, potassium ion, nitric oxide, and activity of lactate dehydrogenase were determined. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze data, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test for multiple comparison. Results. Results revealed that concentration of potassium ion and nitric oxide was significantly lower ( P < .05) in high salt–fed groups. Sodium ion concentration and activity of lactate dehydrogenase were higher in high salt–fed group while P americana prevented biochemical perturbations in other experimental groups. Conclusion. In conclusion, high salt–diet induced biochemical alterations which were significantly protected by oral administration of P americana extract.
A qualitative study of patients' experiences of participating in SPACE for COPD: a Self-management Programme of Activity, Coping and Education
Authors: Apps Lindsay D. , Harrison Samantha L. , Mitchell Katy E. , Williams Johanna E.A. , Hudson Nicky , Singh Sally J. 
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study was to understand experiences of participation in a supported self-management programme for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is a wealth of clinical trials examining the outcomes of self-management interventions for individuals with COPD, but current understanding regarding patients' perspectives of such complex interventions is limited. Further insight may help to tailor self-management interventions and maximise patient engagement.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals participating in a self-management programme, SPACE for COPD. Interviews took place at 6 weeks and 6 months following the programme. Data were analysed at each time point using inductive thematic analysis, and subsequently re-examined together.40 interviews were undertaken and four themes emerged from the analysis: perceptions of the programme; lifestyle changes; social support; and disrupting factors and barriers to maintaining routines.SPACE for COPD was acceptable to participants in this study. The importance of education and social support was emphasised at both time points studied, but there were challenges such as comorbidities, ill health of family members and limited maintenance of exercise behaviours over the longer term. Further consideration of the role of carers and partners may help to improve adherence to self-management programmes once healthcare professional support has stopped.
Efficacy of ventilator waveform observation for detection of patient–ventilator asynchrony during NIV: a multicentre study
Authors: Longhini Federico , Colombo Davide , Pisani Lara , Idone Francesco , Chun Pan , Doorduin Jonne , Ling Liu , Alemani Moreno , Bruni Andrea , Zhaochen Jin , Tao Yu , Lu Weihua , Garofalo Eugenio , Carenzo Luca , Maggiore Salvatore Maurizio , Qiu Haibo , Heunks Leo , Antonelli Massimo , Nava Stefano , Navalesi Paolo 
Published: October 2017

The objective of this study was to assess ability to identify asynchronies during noninvasive ventilation (NIV) through ventilator waveforms according to experience and interface, and to ascertain the influence of breathing pattern and respiratory drive on sensitivity and prevalence of asynchronies.35 expert and 35 nonexpert physicians evaluated 40 5-min NIV reports displaying flow–time and airway pressure–time tracings; identified asynchronies were compared with those ascertained by three examiners who evaluated the same reports displaying, additionally, tracings of diaphragm electrical activity. We determined: 1) sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values; 2) the correlation between the double true index (DTI) of each report (i.e.,the ratio between the sum of true positives and true negatives, and the overall breath count) and the corresponding asynchrony index (AI); and 3) the influence of breathing pattern and respiratory drive on both AI and sensitivity.Sensitivities to detect asynchronies were low either according to experience (0.20 (95% CI 0.14–0.29) for expertversus0.21 (95% CI 0.12–0.30) for nonexpert, p=0.837) or interface (0.28 (95% CI 0.17–0.37) for maskversus0.10 (95% CI 0.05–0.16) for helmet, p<0.0001). DTI inversely correlated with the AI (r2=0.67, p<0.0001). Breathing pattern and respiratory drive did not affect prevalence of asynchronies and sensitivity.Patient–ventilator asynchrony during NIV is difficult to recognise solely by visual inspection of ventilator waveforms.
Fractalkine induces angiogenic potential in CX3CR1-expressing monocytes
Authors: Park Youngrok , Lee Joon , Kwak Jae-Yong , Noh Kyoungmi , Yim Eunjung , Kim Hyun-Kyung , Kim Young June , Broxmeyer Hal E , Kim Jeong-A 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We report the unique role of CX3CL1 (or fractalkine) on CD11b+ myelomonocytic cells expressing CX3CR1, the only known receptor for CX3CL1, in promoting blood perfusion recovery. In a mouse ischemic hind-limb model, CD11b+CX3CR1+ cells migrated to ischemic femoral muscles through CX3CL1-mediated chemotaxis. CD11b+CX3CR1+ macrophages isolated from ischemic tissues [tissue (T)-CD11b+CX3CR1+] of muscle exert a proangiogenic effect through platelet factor-4 (CXCL4; PF-4) production. PF-4 does not promote angiogenesis by itself but, instead, increases VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. Despite proangiogenic effects of muscle-derived T-CD11b+CX3CR1+ macrophages, their clinical implementation is limited because muscle excision is required for cell harvesting. Therefore, we focused on the more accessible bone marrow (BM)-CD11b+CX3CR1+ monocytes, which migrate from BM into ischemic muscles via CX3CL1-mediated chemotaxis. PF-4 expression was not detected in BM-CD11b+CX3CR1+ monocytes under normal conditions, but CX3CL1 (50 ng/ml) induced high PF-4 expression and enabled BM-CD11b+CX3CR1+ monocytes to achieve a similar angiogenic potential to that of T-CD11b+CX3CR1+ macrophages ex vivo. Furthermore, we were able to identify a subset of monocytes that express CD11b and CX3CR1 in human peripheral blood and confirmed the proangiogenic effect of CX3CL1 treatment. Thus, CX3CL1-treated CD11b+CX3CR1+ monocytes may be of potential therapeutic use to significantly accelerate recovery of blood perfusion in ischemic diseases.
Variations of fluvial patterns and infilling history of a paleoincised valley system during Late Pleistocene to Holocene, Offshore Pahang River, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Rahman Md Mostafizur , Sathiamurthy Edlic , Zhong Guangfa , Geng Jianghua , Liu Zhifei 
Published: October 2017

High-resolution 2D acoustic profiles, combined with time slices from a 3D data volume, were used to investigate the paleoincised valleys offshore of the present-day Pahang River, South China Sea. Paleovalleys were formed during the regressive phase of the last glacial cycle. They were submerged and possibly filled during valley formation and postglacial marine transgression. Interpretation of acoustic profiles illustrates that the valleys were incised and infilled during the regression and low stand followed by subsequent deglacial sea-level rise. They were overlain by a transgressive ravinement surface suggesting transitional deposits between fluvial-dominated filling and shallow-marine deposition. This ravinement surface is overlain by Holocene shallow marine deposits. A low-sinuosity low-stand valley system changed to a high-sinuosity meander belt and eventually evolved into a deltaic distributary channel system before the complete submergence of the area. The average Late Pleistocene surface lies between 53 and 64 m below present-day mean sea level in the study area with approximately 16–50 m of valley incision. The Holocene shallow marine cover thickness varies from 5 to 10 m.
Capturing the systemic immune signature of a norovirus infection: an n-of-1 case study within a clinical trial
Authors: Cutler Antony J. , Oliveira Joao , Ferreira Ricardo C. , Challis Ben , Walker Neil M. , Caddy Sarah , Lu Jia , Stevens Helen E. , Smyth Deborah J. , Pekalski Marcin L. , Kennet Jane , Hunter Kara M.D. , Goodfellow Ian , Wicker Linda S. , Todd John A. , Waldron-Lynch Frank 
Published: October 2017

Background: The infection of a participant with norovirus during the adaptive study of interleukin-2 dose on regulatory T cells in type 1 diabetes (DILT1D) allowed a detailed insight into the cellular and cytokine immune responses to this prevalent gastrointestinal pathogen.Methods: Serial blood, serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were collected pre-, and post-development of the infection. To differentiate between the immune response to norovirus and to control for the administration of a single dose of aldesleukin (recombinant interleukin-2, rIL-2) alone, samples from five non-infected participants administered similar doses were analysed in parallel.Results: Norovirus infection was self-limited and resolved within 24 hours, with the subsequent development of anti-norovirus antibodies. Serum pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, including IL-10, peaked during the symptomatic period of infection, coincident with increased frequencies of monocytes and neutrophils. At the same time, the frequency of regulatory CD4+T cell (Treg), effector T cell (Teff) CD4+and CD8+subsets were dynamically reduced, rebounding to baseline levels or above at the next sampling point 24 hours later. NK cells and NKT cells transiently increased CD69 expression and classical monocytes expressed increased levels of CD40, HLA-DR and SIGLEC-1, biomarkers of an interferon response. We also observed activation and mobilisation of Teffs, where increased frequencies of CD69+and Ki-67+effector memory Teffs were followed by the emergence of memory CD8+Teff expressing the mucosal tissue homing markers CD103 and β7 integrin. Treg responses were coincident with the innate cell, Teff and cytokine response. Key Treg molecules FOXP3, CTLA-4, and CD25 were upregulated following infection, alongside an increase in frequency of Tregs with the capacity to home to tissues.Conclusions: The results illustrate the innate, adaptive and counter-regulatory immune responses to norovirus infection. Low-dose IL-2 administration induces many of the Treg responses observed during infection.
ОЦЕНКА ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО УЩЕРБА В СЕЛЬСКОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ СИБИРСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА ПОД ДЕЙСТВИЕМ ПРИРОДНЫХ И ТЕХНОГЕННЫХ ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫХ СИТУАЦИЙ
Authors: Ignateva Anna Vladimirovna 
Published: October 2017

В работе рассмотрены условия развития сельского хозяйства в регионах Сибирского федерального округа (СФО) за период с 1990 по 2013 гг. под действием чрезвычайных ситуаций (ЧС). Приведен ряд факторов, влияющих на развитие отраслей сельского хозяйства в различных регионах СФО. В ходе исследования на разработанной схеме наглядно отражен процесс взаимодействия сельского хозяйства региона и общества. Отражены экономические потери отраслей сельского хозяйства региона от действия чрезвычайных ситуаций.Цель – оценить потенциал устойчивого развития сельского хозяйства в регионах Сибирского федерального округа (СФО) и его изменение под действием природно-техногенных чрезвычайных ситуаций.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались экономико-математические методы, а также статистические методы анализа.Результаты: получены наиболее информативные параметры, показывающие современное положение сельского хозяйства в регионах СФО и перспективы устойчивого развития.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять экономическими субъектами, осуществляющими сельскохозяйственное производство в регионах СФО.
Analysis of a paediatric orthopaedic network: A six-year experience in the South West of the United Kingdom
Authors: Bruce D. , Kocialkowski C. , Bintcliffe F. , Monsell F. , Barnes J. , Brown R. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose We report our experience of a paediatric orthopaedic network, based on a ‘hub and spoke’ model, covering the South West of the United Kingdom. We identify the areas of most clinical concern, the effect of the network on stream-lining patient management and the benefits of the network to the clinician. Methods Prospective data were collected from the minutes of the bi-annual meetings of the South West Paediatric Network (UK) between November 2006 and May 2012. Data collected included details of the condition, previous treatment, problems, complications and advice given. Cases continue to be followed up in subsequent meetings. Results In total 131 cases were included and hip conditions were discussed most frequently (35.1%). The most common indication for discussion was to support and confirm the local management plan. In total, a mean average of 8.75 cases in total were presented per consultant during the study period, with those within ten to 12 years of starting independent practice presenting the majority. The clinical outcome for patients discussed in this forum was local provision of care in 74%, with transfer to the regional centre in 15.7%. Following advice, 14% of direct referrals were given appropriate advice and avoided a journey to the tertiary centre. Conclusion The network has enabled local provision of care, reduced the burden of travel on patients and prevented unnecessary referrals to the tertiary centre. Additionally, it provides a mechanism to reassure and educate clinicians.
Interview with Jonathan Cohen: Beginning the Legacy of SLOVO Journal
Authors: Cohen Jonathan 
Published: October 2017

DIRECTOR OF CONCILIATION RESOURCES, JONATHAN COHEN, IN CONVERSATION WITH SLOVO’S EXECUTIVE EDITOR BORIMIR TOTEV.
Jonathan Cohen joined Conciliation Resources in December 1997 and developed the Caucasus programme. In September 2008, he became Director of Programmes overseeing all Conciliation Resources’ regional programmes and was appointed Executive Director in May 2016. Previously he was deputy director of the Foundation on Inter-Ethnic Relations in The Hague, working with the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. Before that he worked for International Alert and the Peace Research Institute Oslo. He has been a board member of the DFID/CAF Partnerships in the Non-Profit Sector Programme for Russia; acted as a consultant to United Nations Volunteers, the Heinrich Boell Foundation, the Berghof Foundation and taught at the London School of Economics.
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Optimizing expression of antiviral cyanovirin-N homology gene using response surface methodology and protein structure prediction
Authors: Lotfi H. , Hejazi M. A. , Heshmati M. K. , Mohammadi S. A. , Zarghami N. 
Published: October 2017

Cyanovirin-N (CVN) is well known as an anti-HIV protein. The efficient production of low cost microbicides for preventing the HIV-infection has lately become a requirement worldwide. The aim of the present study was to optimize the expression of antiviral Cyanovirin-N homology gene found in the indigenous strain of Nostoc ellipsospourum LZN using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Protein Structure Analysis. Optimization of three induction factors (IPTG concentration (0.1, 0.55 and 1mM), temperature for bacterial growth (20, 28.5 and 37°C) and induction time (4, 10 and 16h) was done using RSM and Box-Behnken Design. Total RNA extraction was performed and mRNA levels were quantified in each experimental design by one-step SYBR qPCR. Protein structure was predicted using I-TASSER server. The full-length sequence of LZN-CVN gene is 306 bp in length, due mostly to five mutations. RSM analysis showed that the optimum condition to obtain maximum fold change was a concentration of 0.6mM IPTG, temperature set to 29°C and a 12h long induction time. The extracted protein from periplasmic fraction (8 kDa) was verified via SDS-PAGE. The high percentage of LZN-CVN similarity was demonstrated with PDB (Protein Data Bank) accession code of 2rp3A (CVN domain B mutant) and the ligand binding sites were related to N42, V43, D44, G45, S52, N53 and E56 residues. Different expression systems could assist in the development of anti-HIV proteins in a large scale. The LZN-CVN protein was successfully expressed in the E.coli system. RSM could be applied to a series of mathematical and statistical methods for modeling and analysis of responses which are influenced by various variables of interest.