bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex Immune Evasion Strategies in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Wein Frederik , Weniger Marc A. , Höing Benedikt , Arnolds Judith , Hüttmann Andreas , Hansmann Martin-Leo , Hartmann Sylvia , Küppers Ralf 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The cellular microenvironment in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is dominated by a mixed infiltrate of inflammatory cells with typically only about 1% Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg (HRS) tumor cells. T cells are usually the largest population of cells in the cHL microenvironment, encompassing T helper (Th) cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and cytotoxic T cells. Th cells and Tregs presumably provide essential survival signals for HRS cells. Tregs are also involved in rescuing HRS cells from antitumor immune responses. An understanding of the immune evasion strategies of HRS cells is not only relevant for a characterization of the pathophysiology of cHL but is also clinically relevant, given the current treatment approaches targeting checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we characterized the cHL-specific CD4+ T-cell infiltrate regarding its role in immune evasion. Global gene expression analysis of CD4+ Th cells and Tregs isolated from cHL lymph nodes and reactive tonsils revealed that Treg signatures were enriched in CD4+ Th cells of cHL. Hence, HRS cells may induce Treg differentiation in Th cells, a conclusion supported by in vitro studies with Th cells and cHL cell lines. We also found evidence for immune-suppressive purinergic signaling and a role of the inhibitory receptor-ligand pairs B- and T-cell lymphocyte attenuator–herpesvirus entry mediator and CD200R–CD200 in promoting immune evasion. Taken together, this study highlights the relevance of Treg induction and reveals new immune checkpoint-driven immune evasion strategies in cHL. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(12); 1122–32. ©2017 AACR.
Acoustic Realization and Inventory Size: Kannada and Malayalam Alveolar/Retroflex Laterals and /ɻ/
Authors: Tabain Marija , Kochetov Alexei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study examines formant and spectral moment data for the apical and retroflex lateral sounds /l ɭ/ of the Dravidian languages Kannada and Malayalam, together with the rhotic /ɻ/ of Malayalam. Data are presented for 10 male speakers of each language. We find that the first spectral moment is lower for retroflex laterals than for alveolar laterals, and lower for the rhotic /ɻ/ of Malayalam than for the retroflex lateral in the same language. Differences emerge when the retroflex lateral of Kannada is compared with the same sound in Malayalam. For both languages, F1 is higher and F3 and F4 are lower for the retroflex /ɭ/ than for the alveolar /l/. However, F2 is higher for the retroflex than for the alveolar sound in Kannada, but lower in Malayalam. This difference is also reflected in differences in the second spectral moment between the languages. It is suggested that since proximity of F2 and F3 is known to be a defining feature of the rhotic /ɻ/ in Malayalam, principles of phonetic dispersion apply to keep F2 from becoming too close to F3 for the retroflex lateral /ɭ/ of Malayalam, but not for the same sound in Kannada.
<B>Mammals of Papikonda Hills, northern Eastern Ghats, India</B>
Authors: Aditya Vikram , Ganesh Thyagarajan 
Published: October 2017

Papikonda National Park covering an area of 1,012km2 holds high conservation value as the only national park in the geographically vast northern Eastern Ghats. The tropical moist deciduous forests support species assemblages characteristic of the Eastern Ghats. We conducted the first comprehensive assessment of the mammal diversity in Papikonda National Park using camera traps, sign surveys and community interviews between October 2014 and March 2015, combined with a comprehensive literature review of research articles, field guides and IUCN species range reports. A total of 55 species from 46 genera belonging to 24 families were enumerated. There was a high diversity of carnivores (15 species), followed by chiropterans (13 species) and rodents (11 species).
<b>Observation of Shaheen Falcon <I>Falco peregrinus peregrinator</I> (Aves: Falconiformes: Falconidae) in the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India</b>
Authors: Samson Arockianathan , Ramakrishnan Balasundaram , Santhoshkumar Palanisamy , Karthick Sivaraj 
Published: October 2017

A total of 45 sightings of 57 individual Shaheen Falcons were recorded from 2014–2016 from different locations in the Nilgiris mountain range, and eight nests were located on separate rocky cliffs. Most of the nests (n= 6) were situated at elevations ranging from 1500–2500 m and 45% of the nests were located on the north facing exposures.
<b>Pollination ecology of <I>Rhynchosia cana</I> (Willd.) DC. (Fabaceae), an erect sub-shrub, in peninsular India</b>
Authors: Raju A.J. Solomon , Ramana K. Venkata 
Published: October 2017

Rhynchosia cana is a perennial erect sub-shrub. It flowers during November-January with peak flowering in December. The flowers are hermaphroditic, nectariferous, self-compatible and display explosive pollination mechanism adapted for pollination by bees. They do not fruit through autonomous selfing, but rather through manipulated selfing, geitonogamy and xenogamy mediated principally by bees and occasionally by lycaenid butterflies. In the localities of this herb, weeds such as Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae) and Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) show luxuriant growth and flower simultaneously, and their intense flowering and high flower density ensures that most flower-visiting insects visit their flowers. In this situation only two bee species, Nomia and Anthidium exhibited fidelity to R. cana flowers. Un-tripped flowers fall off while tripped ones set fruit. In open-pollinations, fruit set was 81% and seed set was 54%. Seed dispersal occurs by explosive pod dehiscence. Perennial root stock resurrects back to life and restarts its reproductive cycle during the rainy season. Seeds also germinate at the same time but their continued growth is subject to the availability of soil moisture content. This study suggests that R. cana is unable to compete with the co-flowering weed species for pollinators, and also has regeneration constraints due to nutrient-deficient rocky habitats with prolific growth of weeds.
<b>The relationship between artificial food supply and natural food selection in two troops of commensal Hamadryas Baboons <I>Papio hamadryas</I> (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Saudi Arabia</b>
Authors: Boug Ahmed , Islam M. Zafar-ul , Iwamoto Toshitaka , Mori Akio , Yamane Akihiro , Schreier Amy L. 
Published: October 2017

The Hamadryas Baboon is the only nonhuman primate to inhabit the Arabian Peninsula. In Saudi Arabia, Hamadryas Baboons are known to rely on both human and natural plant foods. We examined the relationship between artificial food supply and natural food selection in two commensal hamadryas troops in different habitats in Saudi Arabia. Alhada had richer vegetation, while the Dam Site featured ground vegetation heavily damaged by overgrazing. The baboons’ diets, including dependency on artificial foods, reflected the status of the natural habitat. The availability of fresh vegetation following significant rainfalls at both sites reduced the Baboons’ dependence on artificial foods. In the richer habitat, rainfall was significantly correlated with natural diet diversity and time spent feeding on natural foods. Both troops spent more time feeding during periods of high provisioning of artificial food, and the percentage of feeding on natural foods decreased when provisioning was high. The baboons fed on natural foods throughout the year despite the availability of human foods. We suggest the need for a nutritionally balanced diet has kept the baboons from becoming completely dependent on human foods. Effectively preserving natural vegetation should enable commensal baboons to spend more time feeding on natural foods, thereby reducing human-wildlife conflict.
<b>Feasibility study on the vegetative propagation of four endemic rare balsams (<I>Impatiens</I> spp.) through stem cuttings for conservation and management in Idukki District, Kerala, India</b>
Authors: Prasad G. , Rajan P. , Bhavadas N. 
Published: October 2017

Ex situ conservation by vegetative propagation was successfully established in the endemic rare balsam species Impatiens anaimudica, I. elegans, I. disotis and I. phoenicea of the Western Ghats. The experiment was done in an open environmental nursery at Munnar exposed to constant temperature (7–24 0C) and relative humidity (70–100 %) throughout the study period. These favourable conditions provided a suitable platform for the establishment. We observed a significant difference in the regeneration patterns of the four species. I. elegans started to regenerate after the 10th day of planting with high success, while I. disotis showed a 30% success rate. After maturation all species were transplanted to natural ecosystems.
<b>Illustrated description and notes on biology of <I>Dicranocephalus lateralis</I> (Signoret) (Coreoidea: Stenocephalidae) from Maharashtra State, India</b>
Authors: Sarode Balasaheb V. , Joshi Nikhil U. , Boyane Swapnil S. , Gaikwad Subodh S. , Pansare Pratik P. , Ghate Hemant V. 
Published: October 2017

Dicranocephalus lateralis (Signoret), 1879, a bug from the family Stenocephalidae, is briefly redescribed with colour and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) illustrations of general morphology, including details of male and female genitalia, metathoracic scent gland (MTG), exoskeletal male abdominal glands, eggs and nymphal stages. The status of other species of this genus in India is also discussed. This will be the first well-illustrated account of the morphology and life cycle of this bug from India.
Coronary Artery Ectasia Predicts Future Cardiac Events in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Doi Takahito , Kataoka Yu , Noguchi Teruo , Shibata Tatsuhiro , Nakashima Takahiro , Kawakami Shoji , Nakao Kazuhiro , Fujino Masashi , Nagai Toshiyuki , Kanaya Tomoaki , Tahara Yoshio , Asaumi Yasuhide , Tsuda Etsuko , Nakai Michikazu , Nishimura Kunihiro , Anzai Toshihisa , Kusano Kengo , Shimokawa Hiroaki , Goto Yoichi , Yasuda Satoshi 
Published: October 2017

Objective—
Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is an infrequently observed vascular phenotype characterized by abnormal vessel dilatation and disturbed coronary flow, which potentially promote thrombogenicity and inflammatory reactions. However, whether or not CAE influences cardiovascular outcomes remains unknown.

Approach and Results—

We investigated major adverse cardiac events (MACE; defined as cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI]) in 1698 patients with acute MI. The occurrence of MACE was compared in patients with and without CAE. CAE was identified in 3.0% of study subjects. During the 49-month observation period, CAE was associated with 3.25-, 2.71-, and 4.92-fold greater likelihoods of experiencing MACE (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.88–5.66;
P
<0.001), cardiac death (95% CI, 1.37–5.37;
P
=0.004), and nonfatal MI (95% CI, 2.20–11.0;
P
<0.001), respectively. These cardiac risks of CAE were consistently observed in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model (MACE: hazard ratio, 4.94; 95% CI, 2.36–10.4;
P
<0.001) and in a propensity score–matched cohort (MACE: hazard ratio, 8.98; 95% CI, 1.14–71.0;
P
=0.03). Despite having a higher risk of CAE-related cardiac events, patients with CAE receiving anticoagulation therapy who achieved an optimal percent time in target therapeutic range, defined as ≥60%, did not experience the occurrence of MACE (
P
=0.03 versus patients with percent time in target therapeutic range <60% or without anticoagulation therapy).

Conclusions—
The presence of CAE predicted future cardiac events in patients with acute MI. Our findings suggest that acute MI patients with CAE are a high-risk subset who might benefit from a pharmacological approach to controlling the coagulation cascade.
Substitution of Linoleic Acid for Other Macronutrients and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Venø Stine K. , Schmidt Erik B. , Jakobsen Marianne U. , Lundbye-Christensen Søren , Bach Flemming W. , Overvad Kim 
Published: October 2017

Background and Purpose—
Ischemic stroke is a major health problem worldwide, but the influence of dietary factors on stroke risk is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the risk of ischemic stroke and its subtypes with a higher intake from linoleic acid and a concomitant lower intake from saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, or glycemic carbohydrates.

Methods—
In the Danish prospective Diet, Cancer, and Health Study of 57 053 participants aged 50 to 64 years at baseline, information on diet was collected using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Information on ischemic stroke was obtained from the Danish National Patient Register, and cases were all validated and subclassified according to the TOAST (Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) classification. Substitution of linoleic acid for saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, or glycemic carbohydrates was investigated in relation to the risk of ischemic stroke and subtypes. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the associations with ischemic stroke adjusting for appropriate confounders.

Results—
During 13.5 years of follow-up 1879 participants developed ischemic stroke. A slightly lower risk of ischemic stroke was found with a 5% higher intake of linoleic acid and a concomitant lower intake of saturated fatty acid (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.83–1.16), monounsaturated fatty acid (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.63–1.02), and glycemic carbohydrates (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–1.09), although not statistically significant. Similar patterns of association were found for large-artery atherosclerosis and small-vessel occlusions.

Conclusions—
This study suggests that replacing saturated fatty acid, glycemic carbohydrate, or monounsaturated fatty acid with linoleic acid may be associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke.
Medicaid Prior Authorization Policies for Medication Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Young Children, United States, 2015
Authors: Hulkower Rachel L. , Kelley Meghan , Cloud Lindsay K. , Visser Susanna N. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives: In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated its guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to recommend that clinicians refer parents of preschoolers (aged 4-5) for training in behavior therapy and subsequently treat with medication if behavior therapy fails to sufficiently improve functioning. Data available from just before the release of the guidelines suggest that fewer than half of preschoolers with ADHD received behavior therapy and about half received medication. About half of those who received medication also received behavior therapy. Prior authorization policies for ADHD medication may guide physicians toward recommended behavior therapy. Characterizing existing prior authorization policies is an important step toward evaluating the impact of these policies on treatment patterns. We inventoried existing prior authorization policies and characterized policy components to inform future evaluation efforts. Methods: A 50-state legal assessment characterized ADHD prior authorization policies in state Medicaid programs. We designed a database to capture data on policy characteristics and authorization criteria, including data on age restrictions and fail-first behavior therapy requirements. Results: In 2015, 27 states had Medicaid policies that prevented approval of pediatric ADHD medication payment without additional provider involvement. Seven states required that prescribers indicate whether nonmedication treatments were considered before Medicaid payment for ADHD medication could be approved. Conclusion: Medicaid policies on ADHD medication treatment are diverse; some policies are tied to the diagnosis and treatment guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Evaluations are needed to determine if certain policy interventions guide families toward the use of behavior therapy as the first-line ADHD treatment for young children.
A pilot randomized controlled trial of on-line interventions to improve sleep quality in adults after mild or moderate traumatic brain injury
Authors: Theadom Alice , Barker-Collo Suzanne , Jones Kelly , Dudley Margaret , Vincent Norah , Feigin Valery 
Published: October 2017

Objective: To explore feasibility and potential efficacy of on-line interventions for sleep quality following a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: A two parallel-group, randomized controlled pilot study. Setting: Community-based. Subjects: In all, 24 participants (mean age: 35.9 ± 11.8 years) who reported experiencing sleep difficulties between 3 and 36 months after a mild or moderate TBI. Interventions: Participants were randomized to receive either a cognitive behaviour therapy or an education intervention on-line. Both interventions were self-completed for 20–30 minutes per week over a six-week period. Main measures: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index assessed self-reported sleep quality with actigraphy used as an objective measure of sleep quality. The CNS Vital Signs on-line neuropsychological test assessed cognitive functioning and the Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms and Quality of Life after Brain Injury questionnaires were completed pre and post intervention. Results: Both programmes demonstrated feasibility for use post TBI, with 83.3% of participants completing the interventions. The cognitive behaviour therapy group experienced significant reductions ( F = 5.47, p = 0.04) in sleep disturbance (mean individual change = −4.00) in comparison to controls post intervention (mean individual change = −1.50) with a moderate effect size of 1.17. There were no significant group differences on objective sleep quality, cognitive functioning, post-concussion symptoms or quality of life. Conclusion: On-line programmes designed to improve sleep are feasible for use for adults following mild-to-moderate TBI. Based on the effect size identified in this pilot study, 128 people (64 per group) would be needed to determine clinical effectiveness.
Can rehabilitation improve the health and well-being in Friedreich’s ataxia: a randomized controlled trial?
Authors: Milne Sarah C , Corben Louise A , Roberts Melissa , Murphy Anna , Tai Geneieve , Georgiou-Karistianis Nellie , Yiu Eppie M , Delatycki Martin B 
Published: October 2017

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a six-week rehabilitation programme followed by a home exercise programme for Friedreich’s ataxia. Design: Randomized, delayed-start control single-blind trial. Setting: Outpatient rehabilitation centre. Subjects: Ambulant or non-ambulant individuals with Friedreich’s ataxia. Intervention: Participants were randomized to a six-week outpatient rehabilitation programme, immediately (intervention group) or after a six-week delayed-start (control group). The rehabilitation was followed by a six-week home exercise programme. Main measures: The primary outcome was the Functional Independence Measure. Other measures included the Friedreich Ataxia Impact Scale and the Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale. Outcomes were administered at baseline, 6, 12 and 18 weeks. Results: Of 159 individuals screened, 92 were excluded and 48 declined to participate. A total of 19 participants were enrolled in the study. There was no significant difference in Functional Independence Measure change from baseline to six weeks in the intervention group (mean ± standard deviation, 2.00 ± 3.16) as compared to the control group (0.56 ± 4.06). Change in the Friedreich Ataxia Impact Scale body movement subscale indicated a significant improvement in health and well-being in the intervention group compared to the control group ( P = 0.003). Significant within-group improvements in the Friedreich Ataxia Impact Scale and the motor domain of the Functional Independence Measure post-rehabilitation were not sustained post-home exercise programme. Conclusion: Our study indicates that rehabilitation can improve health and well-being in individuals with Friedreich’s ataxia; however, a larger study is required to have sufficient power to detect a significant change in the most sensitive measure of function, the motor domain of the Functional Independence Measure.
Ribbing disease: a systematic review
Authors: Pijls Bart G , Steentjes Koen , Schoones Jan W , Dijkstra Sander PD 
Published: October 2017

Background Ribbing disease, or multiple diaphyseal sclerosis, is a rare benign bone dysplasia. Purpose To systematically review the literature to determine the clinical and radiological presentation of patients with Ribbing disease as well as the effects of attempted treatments. Material and Methods We considered individual patient data of patients diagnosed with Ribbing disease derived from patient reports and patient series. All stages of the review were performed by two reviewers independently. Standard descriptive statistics were used for quantitative analyses and mixed model analyses were used when appropriate Results The literature search yielded 420 unique hits of which 23 studies were included, covering a total of 40 patients of whom 29 had bilateral involvement. The mean age at diagnosis was 35 years and the mean time between diagnosis and onset of symptoms, mostly pain, was five years (range = 1–16 years). The tibial diaphysis was the most commonly involved bone in 35 of 36 patients. Non-surgical treatment consisted of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), prednisone, and bisphophonates with mixed results. Surgical treatment consisted of intramedullary reaming and fenestration and was very effective to reduce pain. Conclusion The clinical presentation and imaging findings of patients with Ribbing disease are becoming more apparent. However, there is paucity of evidence on the natural disease progression and effectiveness of treatment modalities.
Variables Associated With the Subjective Experience of Coercive Measures in Psychiatric Inpatients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aguilera-Serrano Carlos , Guzman-Parra Jose , Garcia-Sanchez Juan A , Moreno-Küstner Berta , Mayoral-Cleries Fermin 
Published: October 2017

Objective: This systematic review presents evidence regarding factors that may influence the patient’s subjective experience of an episode of mechanical restraint, seclusion, or forced administration of medication. Method: Two authors searched CINAHL, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Psych-Info, considering published studies between 1 January 1992 and 1 February 2016. Based on the inclusion criteria and methodological quality, 34 studies were selected, reporting a total sample of 1,869 participants. Results: The results showed that the provision of information, contact and interaction with staff, and adequate communication with professionals are factors that influence the subjective experience of these measures. Humane treatment, respect, and staff support are also associated with a better experience, and debriefing is an important procedure/technique to reduce the emotional impact of these measures. Likewise, the quality of the working and physical environment and some individual and treatment variables were related to the experience of these measures. There are different results in relation to the most frequently associated experiences and, despite some data that indicate positive experiences, the evidence shows such experiences to be predominantly negative and frequently with adverse consequences. It seems that patients find forced medication and seclusion to be more tolerable than mechanical restraint and combined measures. Conclusions: It appears that the role of the staff and the environmental conditions, which are potentially modifiable, affect the subjective experience of these measures. There was considerable heterogeneity among studies in terms of coercive measures experienced by participants and study designs.