bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolving Management of Zenker’s Diverticulum in the Endoscopic Era: A North American Experience
Authors: Jones Daniel , Aloraini Abdullah , Gowing Stephen , Cools‐Lartigue Jonathan , Leimanis Mara , Tabah Roger , Ferri Lorenzo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundOpen surgical cricopharyngeal myotomy(CM) is considered standard of care for Zenker’s diverticulum(ZD). Trans‐oral CM has been described using a rigid stapling device for two decades; however, this remains problematic for severely kyphotic patients. This problem can be overcome with flexible endoscopy utilizing an electrosurgical needle knife. We sought to compare clinical outcomes between these techniques to stratify patient selection.MethodsPatients undergoing ZD treatment from 1992 to 2015 were reviewed. Demographics, diverticulum size, post‐operative complications, and length of stay (LOS) were compared between open cricopharyngeal myotomy (OpenCM), rigid trans‐oral stapling myotomy (RigidCM), and flexible endoscopic myotomy (FlexCM). Dysphagia scores (DS, 0:best‐4:worst) and pneumonia incidence were assessed pre‐operatively and post‐operatively.Results62 patients underwent OpenCM (39/62(63 %)) or endoscopic CM (23/62(37 %) (8 RigidCM/15 FlexCM)). CM significantly reduced dysphagia for all approaches [OpenCM:2(2‐3)‐0(0‐0); RigidCM:2(2‐2)‐0(0‐0); FlexCM:3(3‐3)‐0(0‐0)]. FlexCM patients had significantly worse pre‐operative DS. Endoscopic CM was attempted and completed in 23/35(66 %) patients. Reasons for OpenCM conversion included inability to position the diverticular retractor due to patient body habitus (RigidCM), and the inability to position the overtube due to small ZD (FlexCM). Major post‐operative complications were rare and similar in all groups. Medium‐to‐long‐term post‐myotomy pneumonia was comparable between groups. LOS (days) was reduced for FlexCM (1(1‐2)) versus RigidCM (3(2‐6)) and OpenCM (4(3‐7)).ConclusionsCM is highly effective for treating ZD. Open and endoscopic approaches offer comparable outcomes and dysphagia resolution. FlexCM is efficacious for large ZD and can be performed in most patients irrespective of body habitus. FlexCM represents an excellent approach for large ZD, while OpenCM should be reserved for small ZD for which an overtube cannot be positioned.
Minimally Invasive Versus Open Pancreatic Surgery in Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Authors: Lopez Caroline L. , Albers Max B. , Bollmann Carmen , Manoharan Jerena , Waldmann Jens , Fendrich Volker , Bartsch Detlef K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe role of minimally invasive pancreatic surgery for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is not well defined. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of minimally invasive versus open pancreatic resections in patients with MEN1.Materials and methodsProspectively collected data of MEN1 patients who underwent a primary distal pancreatic resection and/or enucleation for non‐functioning pNENs or insulinoma were retrospectively analyzed regarding the outcome of minimally invasive or open pancreatic resections.ResultsThirty‐three patients underwent primary pancreatic resection for either organic hyperinsulinism (n = 9, 27 %) or non‐functioning pNENs >1 cm in size (n = 24, 73 %) between 1987 and 2015. 21 (64 %) patients underwent an open surgical (group 1) and 12 patients (36 %) a minimally invasive approach, either laparoscopic (n = 8) or robotic assisted (n = 4) (group 2). Both groups were comparable regarding age, gender, number, and size of pancreatic tumors. In both groups, the hyperinsulinism of all patients (9/9,100 %) could be cured and all NF‐pNENs >1 cm could be resected. Group 2 had a significant shorter operative time (200 vs. 260 min; p = 0.036), less intraoperative blood loss (120 vs. 280 ml; p < 0.001), and a shorter hospital stay (11 vs. 15.5 days; p = 0.034). The rate of patients with postoperative complications, especially postoperative pancreatic fistulas, was not different between groups (62 % group 1 vs. 67 % group 2, p = 0.74).ConclusionMinimally invasive distal pancreatic resections and enucleations are feasible and safe in MEN1 patients with insulinoma or non‐functioning pNENs.
High Probability of an Underlying Colorectal Cancer Among Patients Treated for Acute Diverticulitis. A Population‐Based Cohort Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Grahnat Carl Johan , Hérard Sebastian , Ackzell Annicka , Andersson Roland E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroductionPatients treated conservatively for acute diverticulitis (AD) are recommended colonic assessment to rule out an underlying Colorectal cancer (CRC). This has been questioned in patients with a CT diagnosis of uncomplicated AD. We analyzed the frequency of CRC and compared the characteristics of the CRC patients with controls.MethodA cohort of patients treated conservatively for AD during 2005–2011 was identified through an administrative database. Patients diagnosed with CRC within 1 year after the index admission and four randomly selected controls were identified. The patients’ files were reviewed to verify the diagnosis and obtain information about the clinical characteristics and the management. A blinded review was performed of CT examinations. The expected number of CRC was calculated from age, sex, and period‐specific incidence data. The characteristics of the CRC patients were compared with the controls in a nested case‐control study.Results890 patients (298 men and 592 women) were treated conservatively for AD. 12 patients were diagnosed with CRC within 1 year, and ten of them in the sigmoid, giving a Standardized Incidence Ratio of 20.0 (95 % CI 10.2–35.7, p<0.001) for sigmoidal cancer. All CRC patients were aged over 70 years. The cancer was missed in six CT scans at the primary reading and in five at the blinded review.ConclusionPatients conservatively treated for AD are at high risk for an underlying CRC, especially if older than 70 years, which motivates routine follow‐up. A CT diagnosis of uncomplicated AD does not rule out CRC.
The Relationship Between Body Weight and Motor Skill Competence in Hispanic Low-SES Preschool Children
Authors: Hamilton Michelle , Liu Ting , ElGarhy Sayed 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between motor competence and BMI in Hispanic preschool children from low SES backgrounds. One hundred and forty-eight Hispanic low SES preschool children (male = 81, female = 67 participated in this study. All children were measured on gross and fine motor competence using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 (PDMS-2). Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated for all participants. A Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the preschool children’s BMI and PDMS-2 performance. A 2 (gender) × 3 (BMI) MANOVA was conducted to assess the gender and BMI differences on each PDMS-2 subtest. Nearly one-third of children in the study demonstrated gross and fine motor delays and slightly over one-third of the children were classified as overweight or obese. A significant negative correlation was found between BMI and visual motor integration scores. The MANOVA analysis showed that low SES Hispanic boys were significantly better in gross motor skill competence and girls were more advanced in fine motor performance. These findings will make a significant contribution to the literature in identifying relationship between motor competence and children’s body weight. This study is also beneficial to practitioners and educators in designing intervention and preschool curriculum to improve children identified with motor delays and to reduce BMI through physical activity.
Conocimiento del consentimiento informado clínico en profesionales en formación en salud
Authors: Galván Meléndez Manuel Fernando , Huerta Guerrero Héctor Manuel , Galindo Burciaga Matilde , Barrientos Ramos Ana Angélica , Morales Castro María Elena 
Published: March 2016

Introducción: En la actualidad las preferencias del paciente integran el núcleo moral y legal de la relación médico-paciente, la cual no puede iniciarse sin la aceptación de él en la mayor parte de los casos; es asi como la participación y la deliberación conjunta es la mejor manera de abordar hoy en dia ese encuentro. El consentimiento informado es una herramienta esencial de la práctica clínica para garantizar los derechos del individuo y salvaguardar uno de los pilares básicos en la bioética, la autonomía de cada persona.
Objetivo: Identificar el conocimiento del consentimiento informado clínico en profesionales de la salud en formación en un Hospital de Durango
Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y prospectivo en 46 participantes (21 médicos internos, 18 pasantes de enfermería y 7 pasantes de odontología) de un hospital de Durango. Se les aplicó un cuestionario de 28 ítems sobre consentimiento informado, datos generales y preguntas de opinión. Se utilizó prueba Kolmogorov-Smirnov, estadística descriptiva, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, un 1C al 95% y como significación un valor de peo.05. La información se mantuvo en estricta confidencialidad.
Resultado: Se obtuvo una media de edad de 24+1.2 años, el 52.2% fueron hombres y el tiempo de estancia en el hospital de 5.5 (2-12) meses. De los reactivos contestados correctamente sobre consentimiento informado se obtuvo una media de 5.3 + 1.4 y una calificación de 4.1 + 1.1. El 91.7% de los encuestados refirió interés en capacitarse sobre el consentimiento informado y el 96.8% sobre aspectos bioéticos.
Conclusiones: Los resultados arrojaron deficiencias en los profesionales en formación en salud en el conocimiento que tienen del consentimiento informado. Sin embargo, resalta el alto interés que tienen por capacitarse sobre estos aspectos.
Weak forms of topological and measure-theoretical equicontinuity: relationships with discrete spectrum and sequence entropy
Authors: GARCÍA-RAMOS FELIPE 
Published: March 2016

We define weaker forms of topological and measure-theoretical equicontinuity for topological dynamical systems, and we study their relationships with sequence entropy and systems with discrete spectrum. We show that for topological systems equipped with ergodic measures having discrete spectrum is equivalent to$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$-mean equicontinuity. In the purely topological category we show that minimal subshifts with zero topological sequence entropy are strictly contained in diam-mean equicontinuous systems; and that transitive almost automorphic subshifts are diam-mean equicontinuous if and only if they are regular (i.e. the maximal equicontinuous factor map is one–one on a set of full Haar measure). For both categories we find characterizations using stronger versions of the classical notion of sensitivity. As a consequence, we obtain a dichotomy between discrete spectrum and a strong form of measure-theoretical sensitivity.
Modal instability of the flow in a toroidal pipe
Authors: Canton Jacopo , Schlatter Philipp , Örlü Ramis 
Published: March 2016

The modal instability encountered by the incompressible flow inside a toroidal pipe is studied, for the first time, by means of linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulation (DNS). In addition to the unquestionable aesthetic appeal, the torus represents the smallest departure from the canonical straight pipe flow, at least for low curvatures. The flow is governed by only two parameters: the Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}$ and the curvature of the torus ${\it\delta}$, i.e. the ratio between pipe radius and torus radius. The absence of additional features, such as torsion in the case of a helical pipe, allows us to isolate the effect that the curvature has on the onset of the instability. Results show that the flow is linearly unstable for all curvatures investigated between 0.002 and unity, and undergoes a Hopf bifurcation at $\mathit{Re}$ of about 4000. The bifurcation is followed by the onset of a periodic regime, characterised by travelling waves with wavelength $\mathit{O}(1)$ pipe diameters. The neutral curve associated with the instability is traced in parameter space by means of a novel continuation algorithm. Tracking the bifurcation provides a complete description of the modal onset of instability as a function of the two governing parameters, and allows a precise calculation of the critical values of $\mathit{Re}$ and ${\it\delta}$. Several different modes are found, with differing properties and eigenfunction shapes. Some eigenmodes are observed to belong to groups with a set of common characteristics, deemed ‘families’, while others appear as ‘isolated’. Comparison with nonlinear DNS shows excellent agreement, confirming every aspect of the linear analysis, its accuracy, and proving its significance for the nonlinear flow. Experimental data from the literature are also shown to be in considerable agreement with the present results.
Associations of serum carotenoid concentrations and fruit or vegetable consumption with serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF binding protein-3 concentrations in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)
Authors: Diener Anja , Rohrmann Sabine 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDietary intervention may alter the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and thereby cancer risk. In a qualitative review, eleven of twenty studies showed a link between one or more carotenoids, vegetable or fruit intake and the IGF system, however, with partly contrary findings, such that no firm conclusion can be drawn. Therefore, we evaluated associations between serum carotenoid concentrations or the intake of fruits and vegetables with IGF-1, IGF binding protein (BP)-3 and their molar ratio (IGF-1:IGFBP-3) within the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994). In our analysis, we included 6061 NHANES III participants and used multivariable-adjusted linear regression models. IGF-1 concentrations were significantly positively associated with serum concentrations of lycopene, β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and lutein/zeaxanthin in men and women. Statistically significant positive associations were observed for serum concentrations of α-carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin and intake of fruits with serum IGFBP-3 concentrations in women, but not in men. The IGF-1:IGFBP-3 molar ratio was significantly positively associated with serum concentrations of lycopene, β-carotene and α-carotene in men and with β-carotene in women. In conclusion, dietary interventions with carotenoids, fruits and vegetables may affect the IGF system, although the direction of these effects is currently unclear.
Against Mastery: Teaching Thomas King’s Green Grass, Running Water
Authors: McGill Robert 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThomas King’s novel Green Grass, Running Water stands as an indictment of North American colonialism and the continuing injustices facing indigenous peoples; it also offers valuable insights in terms of what constitutes good teaching. With reference to personal experiences of teaching the novel in a large lecture course, this article discusses its author’s efforts at implementing the novel’s implied pedagogical principles, which include a scepticism about granting authority to certain texts over others; a collaborative model of learning; a wariness regarding totalizing narratives and claims of interpretive mastery; and a need to wrestle in class discussion with texts’ unresolved problematics.
Stone Age Pottery Chronology in the Northeast European Forest Zone: New AMS and EA-IRMS Results on Foodcrusts
Authors: Piezonka Henny , Meadows John , Hartz Sönke , Kostyleva Elena , Nedomolkina Nadezhda , Ivanishcheva Marina , Kosorukova Natalya , Terberger Thomas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPottery produced by mobile hunter-gatherer-fisher groups in the northeast European forest zone is among the earliest in Europe. Absolute chronologies, however, are still subject to debate due to a general lack of reliable contextual information. Direct radiocarbon dating of carbonized surface residues (“foodcrusts”) on pots can help to address this problem, as it dates the use of the pottery. If a pot was used to cook fish or other aquatic species, however, carbon in the crust may have been depleted in 14C compared to carbon in terrestrial foods and thus appear older than it really is (i.e. showing a “freshwater reservoir effect,” or FRE). A connected problem, therefore, is the importance of aquatic resources in the subsistence economy, and whether pots were used to process aquatic food. To build better chronologies from foodcrust dates, we need to determine which 14C results are more or less likely to be subject to FRE, i.e. to distinguish crusts derived mainly from aquatic ingredients from those composed mainly of terrestrial foods. Integrating laboratory analyses with relative chronologies based on typology and stratigraphy can help to assess the extent of FRE in foodcrust dates. This article reports new 14C and stable isotope measurements on foodcrusts from six Stone Age sites in central and northern European Russia, and one in southeastern Estonia. Most of these 14C results are not obviously influenced by FRE, but the isotopic data suggest an increasing use of aquatic products over the course of the 6th and 5th millennia cal BC.
ASSESSMENT OF NAPIER GRASS ACCESSIONS IN LOWLAND AND HIGHLAND TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS IN EAST AFRICA: PRODUCTIVITY AND FORAGE QUALITY
Authors: MWENDIA S. W. , YUNUSA I. A. M. , SINDEL B. M. , WHALLEY R. D. B. , KARIUKI I. W. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYTen accessions of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) were evaluated for their dry matter (DM) yield and forage quality in a semi-arid lowland (Katumani) and a relatively wet highland (Muguga) over seven growth cycles from 2011 to 2013 in tropical Kenya. Three biomass yield clusters were identified from the 10 accessions as high-yielding (HYC), medium-yielding (MYC) and low-yielding (LYC) clusters for both sites. Total biomass (shoot and root) yields (t ha−1) over the seven growth cycles were 25.3 for HYC, 22.2 for MYC and 19.6 for LYC at Katumani and 40.0, 41.4 and 29.1 at Muguga. Total biomass yield averaged over the study period was DM 22.4 t ha−1 at Katumani and 36.8 at Muguga. Rainfall productivity was higher at Katumani (28.8 kg ha−1 mm−1) than 20.8 kg ha−1 mm−1 at Muguga. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was lower in LYC, which was more leafy than the other clusters and there was little difference in NDF between the two sites.
INTENSIFICATION PATHWAY FOR IMPROVEMENT OF SMALLHOLDER CASSAVA PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN SOUTHERN CÔTE D'IVOIRE
Authors: GNAHOUA JEAN-BAPTISTE GNÉLIÉ , ETTIEN DJÉTCHI JEAN BAPTISTE , N'ZUÉ BONI , EBAH CATHÉRINE , KONÉ BRAHIMA , DE NEVE STEFAAN , BOECKX PASCAL 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYIn order to intensify cassava production in southern Côte d'Ivoire, multiple farmers’ field trials were carried out in two important cassava-producing areas (Dabou and Bingerville). The effectiveness of an Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) approach as intensification pathway was evaluated for poor sandy soils. Overall, ISFM-based systems outperformed the local cultivation system. The average cassava yield was 14.5 and 6.5 t ha−1 and 12.6 and 5.7 t ha−1 for the ISFM and traditional systems, in Dabou and Bingerville, respectively. The average profitability of ISFM systems was ca. 2500 Euro ha−1, whereby 66% was generated by cowpea intercrop, which yielded on average 3.1 t ha−1. Taking into account the limited farmer's resource endowment and poor soil fertility, ISFM is a crucial component for sustainable intensification of cassava production and poverty alleviate in southern Côte d'Ivoire.
INVENTING THE ‘TRADITIONAL WORKING CLASS’: A RE-ANALYSIS OF INTERVIEW NOTES FROM YOUNG AND WILLMOTT'S FAMILY AND KINSHIP IN EAST LONDON
Authors: LAWRENCE JON 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThis article examines surviving notes from interviews conducted by Michael Young and Peter Willmott in the London Borough of Bethnal Green and the Essex ‘overspill’ estate of ‘Greenleigh’ (Debden) in the mid-1950s to ask how far they support the central arguments about kinship, community, and place advanced in their classic 1957 book Family and kinship in East London. These interviews are used to suggest that Young and Willmott's powerful a priori models about ‘community’ and working-class kinship, and their strong political investment in the idea of a decentralized social democracy based on self-servicing, working-class communities, led them to discount testimony which ran counter to their assumptions as ‘aberrant’ or ‘exceptional’. Though it is difficult to draw strong conclusions from thirty-seven interviews, it is suggested that the snippets of personal testimony that survive in Michael Young's papers reinforce the arguments of historians who seek to question cataclysmic accounts of the consequences of working-class suburbanization in the mid-twentieth century. Culture and lifestyle changed much less with the move out to suburban Essex than Family and kinship would suggest, partly because Bethnal Green's family and neighbourhood networks were considerably less cohesive than they claimed.
Feedback learning and behavior problems after pediatric traumatic brain injury
Authors: Königs M. , van Heurn L. W. E. , Vermeulen R. J. , Goslings J. C. , Luitse J. S. K. , Poll-Thé B. T. , Beelen A. , van der Wees M. , Kemps R. J. J. K. , Catsman-Berrevoets C. E. , Luman M. , Oosterlaan J. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundFeedback learning is essential for behavioral development. We investigated feedback learning in relation to behavior problems after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI).MethodChildren aged 6–13 years diagnosed with TBI (n= 112; 1.7 years post-injury) were compared with children with traumatic control (TC) injury (n= 52). TBI severity was defined as mild TBI without risk factors for complicated TBI (mildRF−TBI,n= 24), mild TBI with ⩾1 risk factor for complicated TBI (mildRF+TBI,n= 51) and moderate/severe TBI (n= 37). The Probabilistic Learning Test was used to measure feedback learning, assessing the effects of inconsistent feedback on learning and generalization of learning from the learning context to novel contexts. The relation between feedback learning and behavioral functioning rated by parents and teachers was explored.ResultsNo evidence was found for an effect of TBI on learning from inconsistent feedback, while the moderate/severe TBI group showed impaired generalization of learning from the learning context to novel contexts (p= 0.03,d= −0.51). Furthermore, the mildRF+TBI and moderate/severe TBI groups had higher parent and teacher ratings of internalizing problems (p's⩽ 0.04,d's ⩾ 0.47) than the TC group, while the moderate/severe TBI group also had higher parent ratings of externalizing problems (p= 0.006,d= 0.58). Importantly, poorer generalization of learning predicted higher parent ratings of externalizing problems in children with TBI (p= 0.03,β= −0.21) and had diagnostic utility for the identification of children with TBI and clinically significant externalizing behavior problems (area under the curve = 0.77,p= 0.001).ConclusionsModerate/severe pediatric TBI has a negative impact on generalization of learning, which may contribute to post-injury externalizing problems.