bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Selectable Islet 1 Positive Progenitor Cell Reprogrammed to Expandable and Functional Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Turner Elizabeth C. , Huang Chien-Ling , Sawhney Neha , Govindarajan Kalaimathi , Clover Anthony J.P. , Martin Kenneth , Browne Tara C. , Whelan Derek , Kumar Arun H.S. , Mackrill John J. , Wang Shaohua , Schmeckpeper Jeffrey , Stocca Alessia , Pierce William G. , Leblond Anne-Laure , Cai Liquan , O'Sullivan Donnchadh M. , Buneker Chirlei K. , Choi Janet , MacSharry John , Ikeda Yasuhiro , Russell Stephen J. , Caplice Noel M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDisorders affecting smooth muscle structure/function may require technologies that can generate large scale, differentiated and contractile smooth muscle cells (SMC) suitable for cell therapy. To date no clonal precursor population that provides large numbers of differentiated SMC in culture has been identified in a rodent. Identification of such cells may also enhance insight into progenitor cell fate decisions and the relationship between smooth muscle precursors and disease states that implicate differentiated SMC. In this study, we used classic clonal expansion techniques to identify novel self-renewing Islet 1 (Isl-1) positive primitive progenitor cells (PPC) within rat bone marrow that exhibited canonical stem cell markers and preferential differentiation towards a smooth muscle-like fate. We subsequently used molecular tagging to select Isl-1 positive clonal populations from expanded and de novo marrow cell populations. We refer to these previously undescribed cells as the PPC given its stem cell marker profile, and robust self-renewal capacity. PPC could be directly converted into induced smooth muscle cells (iSMC) using single transcription factor (Kruppel-like factor 4) knockdown or transactivator (myocardin) overexpression in contrast to three control cells (HEK 293, endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells) where such induction was not possible. iSMC exhibited immuno- and cytoskeletal-phenotype, calcium signaling profile and contractile responses similar to bona fide SMC. Passaged iSMC could be expanded to a scale sufficient for large scale tissue replacement. PPC and reprogramed iSMC so derived may offer future opportunities to investigate molecular, structure/function and cell-based replacement therapy approaches to diverse cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary diseases that have as their basis smooth muscle cell functional aberrancy or numerical loss.
IGF/STAT3/NANOG/Slug Signaling Axis Simultaneously Controls Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness Maintenance in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yao Chao , Su Li , Shan Juanjuan , Zhu Chuanlin , Liu Limei , Liu Chungang , Xu Yanmin , Yang Zhi , Bian Xiuwu , Shao Jimin , Li Jianming , Lai Maode , Shen Junjie , Qian Cheng 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Discovery of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are two milestones in people exploring the nature of malignant tumor in recent decades. Although some studies have presented the potential connections between them, the link details, underneath their superficial correlation, are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a small subpopulation of NANOG-positive colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and demonstrated that they exhibited characteristics of CSCs and EMT traits simultaneously. Furthermore, we found that NANOG was a core factor in regulating both of EMT and stemness in CRC cells, NANOG modulate EMT and metastasis by binding to Slug promoter and transcriptionally regulate Slug expression. For the first time, we demonstrated that NANOG was regulated by extracellular IGF signaling pathway via STAT3 phosphorylation in CRC. This coincides with that IGF receptor IGF-1R is often increasing expressed in malignant metastasis colon cancer. Taken together, our data define the crucial functions of IGF/STAT3/NANOG/Slug signaling axis in the progression of CRC by operating EMT and CSCs properties, which make them served as potential therapeutic targets for treatment of CRC.
RRx-001, A novel dinitroazetidine radiosensitizer
Authors: Oronsky Bryan , Scicinski Jan , Ning Shoucheng , Peehl Donna , Oronsky Arnold , Cabrales Pedro , Bednarski Mark , Knox Susan 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe ‘holy grail’ in radiation oncology is to improve the outcome of radiation therapy (RT) with a radiosensitizer—a systemic chemical/biochemical agent that additively or synergistically sensitizes tumor cells to radiation in the absence of significant toxicity. Similar to the oxygen effect, in which DNA bases modified by reactive oxygen species prevent repair of the cellular radiation damage, these compounds in general magnify free radical formation, leading to the permanent “fixation” of the resultant chemical change in the DNA structure. The purpose of this review is to present the origin story of the radiosensitizer, RRx-001, which emerged from the aerospace industry. The activity of RRx-001 as a chemosensitizer in multiple tumor types and disease states including malaria, hemorrhagic shock and sickle cell anemia, are the subject of future reviews.
Optimal Time to Surgery for Patients Requiring Laparoscopic Appendectomy: An Integrative Review
Authors: Gardiner Therese M. , Gillespie Brigid M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAcute appendicitis is the most common condition requiring emergency surgery worldwide. Although current guidelines recommend prompt appendectomy as the preferred treatment, no time interval for surgery has been indicated. We used an integrative review methodology to critically evaluate evidence on the relationship between time to surgery and hospital length of stay and to identify the ideal time to surgery for patients undergoing appendectomy. We included 14 studies in our synthesis, most of which (n = 9/14, 64%) indicated that longer time delays to surgical intervention increased hospital length of stay for patients presenting with appendicitis. Researchers report that the optimal time for surgery is 24 to 36 hours after symptom onset, or 10 to 24 hours from admission. The results of our review indicate that patient symptoms on presentation may signify advancing pathology and may be more important than the time delay interval in defining surgical priority.
Student Immersion in Perioperative Nursing
Authors: Penprase Barbara , Monahan Janean , Poly‐Droulard Lynda , Prechowski Stephanie 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe aging workforce and the lack of perioperative clinical practice and theoretical content in nursing education programs are factors contributing to the perioperative nursing shortage. This article discusses the implementation of a creatively designed perioperative program, which includes a didactic course and a 210‐hour clinical course, developed by the faculty members of a Michigan school of nursing in collaboration with administrators at area hospitals. The didactic content covers materials presented during the first three months of orientation for newly employed perioperative nurses. Interested baccalaureate nursing students in their senior year are selected to participate in the program after being interviewed by hospital personnel and university faculty members. To date, the program has 18 student graduates in two semesters; all have been offered positions in the perioperative setting, and 14 have accepted positions. The active learning strategies used in the course are described with examples.
OR Specimen Labeling
Authors: Zervakis Brent Mary Ann 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMislabeled surgical specimens jeopardize patient safety and quality care. The purpose of this project was to determine whether labeling surgical specimens with two patient identifiers would result in an 80% reduction in specimen labeling errors within six months and a 100% reduction in errors within 12 months. Our failure mode effects analysis found that the lack of two patient identifiers per label was the most unsafe step in our specimen handling process. We piloted and implemented a new process in the OR using the Plan‐Do‐Check‐Act conceptual framework. The audit process included collecting data and making direct observations to determine the sustainability of the process change; however, the leadership team halted the direct observation audit after four months. The total number of surgical specimen labeling errors was reduced by only 60% within six months and 62% within 12 months; therefore, the goal of the project was not met. However, OR specimen labeling errors were reduced.
Maintaining Perioperative Normothermia: Sustaining an Evidence‐Based Practice Improvement Project
Authors: Levin Rona F. , Wright Fay , Pecoraro Kathleen , Kopec Wendy 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUnintentional perioperative hypothermia has been shown to cause serious patient complications and, thus, to increase health care costs. In 2009, an evidence‐based practice improvement project produced a significant decrease in unintentional perioperative hypothermia in colorectal surgical patients through monitoring of OR ambient room temperature. Project leaders engaged all interdisciplinary stakeholders in the original project, which facilitated the sustainability of the intervention method. An important aspect of sustainability is ongoing monitoring and evaluation of a new intervention method. Therefore, continued evaluation of outcomes of the protocol developed in 2009 was scheduled at specific time points after the initial small test of change with colorectal patients. This article focuses on how attention to sustainability factors during implementation of an improvement project led to the sustainability of a protocol for monitoring OR ambient room temperature with all types of surgical patients five years after the initial project.
Learning to classify neural activity from a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis versus controls
Authors: Beker Shlomit , Kellner Vered , Chechik Gal , Stern Edward A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset and progression are not yet elucidated. The extent to which alterations in the activity of individual neurons of an AD model are significant, and the phase at which they can be captured, point to the intensity of the pathology and imply the stage at which it can be detected. Using a machine‐learning algorithm, we present a successful cell‐by‐cell classification of intracellularly recorded neurons from the B6C3 APPswe/PS1dE9 AD model, versus wildtypes controls, at both a late stage and at an early stage, when the plaque pathology and behavioral deficits are absent or rare. These results suggest that the deficits present in neuronal networks of both old and young transgenic animals are large enough to be apparent at the level of individual neurons, and that the pathology could be detected in nearly any given sample, even before pathologic signs.
A meta‐analysis of the worldwide prevalence of pica during pregnancy and the postpartum period
Authors: Fawcett Emily J. , Fawcett Jonathan M. , Mazmanian Dwight 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough pica has long been associated with pregnancy, the exact prevalence in this population remains unknown.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of pica during pregnancy and the postpartum period, and to explain variations in prevalence estimates by examining potential moderating variables.Search strategyPsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to February 2014 using the keywords pica, prevalence, and epidemiology.Selection criteriaArticles estimating pica prevalence during pregnancy and/or the postpartum period using a self‐report questionnaire or interview were included.Data collection and analysisStudy characteristics, pica prevalence, and eight potential moderating variables were recorded (parity, anemia, duration of pregnancy, mean maternal age, education, sampling method employed, region, and publication date). Random‐effects models were employed.Main resultsIn total, 70 studies were included, producing an aggregate prevalence estimate of 27.8% (95% confidence interval 22.8–33.3). In light of substantial heterogeneity within the study model, the primary focus was identifying moderator variables. Pica prevalence was higher in Africa compared with elsewhere in the world, increased as the prevalence of anemia increased, and decreased as educational attainment increased.ConclusionsGeographical region, anemia, and education were found to moderate pica prevalence, partially explaining the heterogeneity in prevalence estimates across the literature.
Anxiety and depression among adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: The roles of behavioral temperamental traits, comorbid autism spectrum disorder, and bullying involvement
Authors: Hu Huei‐Fan , Chou Wen‐Jiun , Yen Cheng‐Fang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the associations of behavioral temperamental traits, comorbid autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and bullying involvement with anxiety and depression among adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Taiwan. A total of 287 adolescents aged 11–18 years diagnosed with ADHD participated in this study. Their severities of anxiety and depression were assessed. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the correlates of anxiety and depression. The results show that adolescents with ADHD who reported a higher behavioral inhibition system (BIS) score, had comorbid ASD, and were bullying victims, reported more severe anxiety and depressive symptoms. Adolescents with ADHD who bullied others reported more severe depressive symptoms than those who did not bully. The results of this study indicated that behavioral temperamental traits on the BIS, comorbid ASD, and bullying involvement were significantly associated with anxiety and depression among the adolescents with ADHD.
A theoretical decomposition of mean skin friction generation into physical phenomena across the boundary layer
Authors: Renard Nicolas , Deck Sébastien 
Published: February 2016

A theoretical decomposition of mean skin friction generation into physical phenomena across the whole profile of the incompressible zero-pressure-gradient smooth-flat-plate boundary layer is derived from a mean streamwise kinetic-energy budget in an absolute reference frame (in which the undisturbed fluid is not moving). The Reynolds-number dependences in the laminar and turbulent cases are investigated from direct numerical simulation datasets and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations, and the asymptotic trends are consistently predicted by theory. The generation of the difference between the mean friction in the turbulent and laminar cases is identified with the total production of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in the boundary layer, represented by the second term of the proposed decomposition of the mean skin friction coefficient. In contrast, the analysis introduced by Fukagataet al.(Phys. Fluids, vol. 14 (11), 2002, pp. 73–76), based on a streamwise momentum budget in the wall reference frame, relates the turbulence-induced excess friction to the Reynolds shear stress weighted by a linear function of the wall distance. The wall-normal distribution of the linearly-weighted Reynolds shear stress differs from the distribution of TKE production involved in the present discussion, which consequently draws different conclusions on the contribution of each layer to the mean skin friction coefficient. At low Reynolds numbers, the importance of the buffer-layer dynamics is confirmed. At high Reynolds numbers, the present decomposition quantitatively shows for the first time that the generation of the turbulence-induced excess friction is dominated by the logarithmic layer. This is caused by the well-known decay of the relative contributions of the buffer layer and wake region to TKE production with increasing Reynolds numbers. This result on mean skin friction, with a physical interpretation relying on an energy budget, is consistent with the well-established general importance of the logarithmic layer at high Reynolds numbers, contrary to the friction breakdown obtained from the approach of Fukagataet al.(Phys. Fluids, vol. 14 (11), 2002, pp. 73–76), essentially based on a momentum budget. The new decomposition suggests that it may be worth investigating new drag reduction strategies focusing on TKE production and on the nature of the logarithmic layer dynamics. The decomposition is finally extended to the pressure-gradient case and to channel and pipe flows.
Associations between plasma branched-chain amino acids, β-aminoisobutyric acid and body composition
Authors: Rietman Annemarie , Stanley Takara L. , Clish Clary , Mootha Vamsi , Mensink Marco , Grinspoon Steven K. , Makimura Hideo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPlasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are elevated in obesity and associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. β-Aminoisobutyric acid (B-AIBA), a recently identified small molecule metabolite, is associated with decreased cardiometabolic risk. Therefore, we investigated the association of BCAA and B-AIBA with each other and with detailed body composition parameters, including abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). A cross-sectional study was carried out with lean (n 15) and obese (n 33) men and women. Detailed metabolic evaluations, including measures of body composition, insulin sensitivity and plasma metabolomics were completed. Plasma BCAA were higher (1·6 (se 0·08) (×107) v. 1·3 (se 0·06) (×107) arbitrary units; P = 0·005) in obese v. lean subjects. BCAA were positively associated with VAT (R 0·49; P = 0·0006) and trended to an association with SAT (R 0·29; P = 0·052). The association between BCAA and VAT, but not SAT, remained significant after controlling for age, sex and race on multivariate modelling (P < 0·05). BCAA were also associated with parameters of insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index: R −0·50, P = 0·0004; glucose AUC: R 0·53, P < 0·001). BCAA were not associated with B-AIBA (R −0·04; P = 0·79). B-AIBA was negatively associated with SAT (R −0·37; P = 0·01) but only trended to an association with VAT (R 0·27; P = 0·07). However, neither relationship remained significant after multivariate modelling (P > 0·05). Plasma B-AIBA was associated with parameters of insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index R 0·36, P = 0·01; glucose AUC: R −0·30, P = 0·04). Plasma BCAA levels were positively correlated with VAT and markers of insulin resistance. The results suggest a possible complex role of adipose tissue in BCAA homeostasis and insulin resistance.
The Liuyuan Volcanic Belt in NW China revisited: evidence for Permian rifting associated with the assembly of continental blocks in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: WANG YU , LUO ZHAOHUA , SANTOSH M. , WANG SHUZHI , WANG NA 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe basaltic pillow lavas in the Liuyuan region of NW China, considered to be part of an ophiolitic suite, have been central to the models on tectonic setting, evolution and timing of the final closure of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean. New field evidence on the sedimentary units associated with the basalts reveals comparable sequences in the northern and southern flanks of the Liuyuan Volcanic Belt with coarse to fine sediments from periphery to the centre. The dacites and rhyolites formed coevally with the pillow basalts. The pillow basalts are interlayered with lacustrine sandstone, claystone and clayey lake deposits. Detrital zircons from these sediments yield zircon U–Pb ages of 291–285 Ma. Andesites, dacites and rhyolites from the basaltic sequence yield U–Pb ages of 280–277 Ma, similar to the 282–280 Ma ages of gabbros that intrude the pillow lavas. All these rocks cover the 460–440 Ma granite and greenschist basement and have been intruded by gabbros ofc.272 Ma age, with subsequent (230–227 Ma) north–south contractional thrusting and folding. The data from our study are incompatible with the existing models that consider the basalts as part of an ophiolitic suite. Along the northern continental margin of China from west to east, the Tarim, Dunhuang-Alxa and North China cratonic areas all show evidence for regional extension through rifting during early–middle Permian time. These rift features and basaltic eruptions occurred coevally with the assembly of various microcontinental blocks against the Siberian craton atc.300–250 Ma, synchronous with amalgamation of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) on the northern side of the Liuyuan Rift. These events were also broadly synchronous with formation of the global supercontinent Pangea.
Modelling the epidemiology of Escherichia coli ST131 and the impact of interventions on the community and healthcare centres
Authors: TALAMINOS A. , LÓPEZ-CERERO L. , CALVILLO J. , PASCUAL A. , ROA L. M. , RODRÍGUEZ-BAÑO J. 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYST131 Escherichia coli is an emergent clonal group that has achieved successful worldwide spread through a combination of virulence and antimicrobial resistance. Our aim was to develop a mathematical model, based on current knowledge of the epidemiology of ESBL-producing and non-ESBL-producing ST131 E. coli, to provide a framework enabling a better understanding of its spread within the community, in hospitals and long-term care facilities, and the potential impact of specific interventions on the rates of infection. A model belonging to the SEIS (Susceptible–Exposed–Infected–Susceptible) class of compartmental models, with specific modifications, was developed. Quantification of the model is based on the law of mass preservation, which helps determine the relationships between flows of individuals and different compartments. Quantification is deterministic or probabilistic depending on subpopulation size. The assumptions for the model are based on several developed epidemiological studies. Based on the assumptions of the model, an intervention capable of sustaining a 25% reduction in person-to-person transmission shows a significant reduction in the rate of infections caused by ST131; the impact is higher for non-ESBL-producing ST131 isolates than for ESBL producers. On the other hand, an isolated intervention reducing exposure to antimicrobial agents has much more limited impact on the rate of ST131 infection. Our results suggest that interventions achieving a continuous reduction in the transmission of ST131 in households, nursing homes and hospitals offer the best chance of reducing the burden of the infections caused by these isolates.
Biomarkers detect involvement of acute myocardial injury in a paediatric haemolytic–uraemic syndrome patient
Authors: Palanca Arias Daniel , López Ramón Marta , Jiménez Montañés Lorenzo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAlthough extrarenal manifestations of haemolytic–uraemic syndrome are not frequent, myocardial dysfunction should be given special consideration because of the importance of proper early haemodynamic management and potential complications. We report the case of a 21-month-old child with haemolytic–uraemic syndrome who developed clinical signs of poor myocardial function with depressed myocardial function noted by bedside echocardiography and significant elevation of biomarkers. Early intervention and supportive treatment for the patient were crucial during the acute phase of cardiac failure, and repeated monitoring of biomarkers and ecocardiography were useful diagnostic tools that provided relevant information throughout the patient’s evolution.