bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semi‐field evaluation of the effects of sub‐lethal doses of pesticides, with and without adult Schistocerca gregaria pheromone, on hoppers
Authors: Bashir Magzoub , Hassanali Ahmed , Korena Haydar , Bashir Abdelrahim Widaatalla 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPreviously, we reported a chain of effects induced by phenylacetonitrile, the gregarious‐phase adult cohesion pheromone of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), on conspecific hoppers. Specifically, the nymphs became hyperactive and displayed high levels of intraspecific predation, as surviving individuals gradually shifted to the solitary phase. The findings suggested that the pheromone could induce a significant level of mortality of the nymphs and predispose them to greater sensitivity to lower doses of insecticides. In this study, we compared the effects of the pheromone and various doses of three pesticides (fipronil, malathion, and carbosulfan) to pheromone‐exposed and unexposed crowd‐reared hoppers in semi‐field enclosures. The pheromone on its own displayed a high level of cumulative mortality of the nymphs (89%). Although combinations with fractional pesticide doses gave control efficiencies that were, in most cases, higher than with individual pesticides, pheromonal and pesticidal effects were only partially complementary, probably because of the feeding‐deterrent effects of the pesticides and the resulting reduction in cannibalism. However, our results demonstrate the possibility of significantly reducing the levels of pesticides used in hopper control and, thus, their negative environmental effects.
Does Nilaparvata lugens gain tolerance to rice resistance genes through conspecifics at shared feeding sites?
Authors: Ferrater Jedeliza B. , Horgan Finbarr G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study examines the possibility of horizontal and vertical transmission of virulence (the ability to tolerate a given resistant plant or resistance gene) between individuals from brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), populations with distinct feeding abilities when their populations share the same feeding sites (virulence acquisition hypothesis). We created optimal conditions for intraspecific interactions on the same rice, Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae), plants between planthoppers from populations with different feeding histories: an ‘avirulent’ population that was continually reared on a susceptible variety, and a ‘virulent’ population that had been selected over several generations on the resistant variety IR62, that possesses the Bph3 gene. We noted that planthoppers attained highest weights on rice plants that had previously been attacked by conspecifics from the IR62‐selected population. We also tested the ability of planthoppers to feed on IR62 and the susceptible cv. Taichung Native 1 (TN1) after interacting with individuals from the IR62‐selected population on a tolerant rice cultivar (Triveni). Feeding by avirulent planthoppers on both IR62 and TN1 improved after feeding on the same rice plants with virulent planthoppers. Furthermore, the effects were carried over to planthopper progenies. Our preliminary results indicate that feeding by mixed populations that include individuals adapted to feed on resistant varieties potentially accelerates adaptation by N. lugens to rice resistance.
Psychomotor developmental effects of prenatal exposure to psychotropic drugs: a study in EFEMERIS database
Authors: Hurault‐Delarue Caroline , Damase‐Michel Christine , Finotto Laurent , Guitard Claudine , Vayssière Christophe , Montastruc Jean‐Louis , Montastruc François , Lacroix Isabelle 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLittle is known about neurodevelopment of children exposed to psychotropic drugs during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of prenatal exposure to psychotropic drugs on psychomotor development in children. This observational study used the EFEMERIS database. The database records the drugs prescribed and delivered during pregnancy and the resulting outcomes. Neurodevelopment at nine and 24 months of children born to women exposed to psychotropic drugs (anxiolytics, antidepressants, neuroleptics and anti‐epileptics) during the second and/or third trimesters of pregnancy was compared to children who were not exposed to these drugs. Psychomotor development of 493 children (1.5%) exposed to psychotropic drugs during pregnancy was compared to 32 303 unexposed children. Exposure to psychotropic drugs during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of abnormal motor development at 9 months (OR = 1.3 [1.1–2.2]) and abnormal motor and mental development at 24 months (OR = 4.8 [2.1–11.0] and OR = 2.3 [1.05–4.9]). Increased risk was observed in children born to women exposed to anti‐epileptic drugs, neuroleptics or antidepressants during pregnancy. This study found a higher rate of deviation from the normal developmental milestones in children born to women exposed to psychotropic drugs during pregnancy and more particularly antidepressants, neuroleptics and anti‐epileptics.
Integrated multidisciplinary care for the management of chronic conditions in adults: an overview of reviews and an example of using indirect evidence to inform clinical practice recommendations in the field of rare diseases
Authors: Yeung C. H. T. , Santesso N. , Zeraatkar D. , Wang A. , Pai M. , Sholzberg M. , Schünemann H. J. , Iorio A. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundIntegrated care models have been adopted for individuals with chronic conditions and for persons with rare diseases, such as haemophilia.ObjectiveTo summarize the evidence from reviews for the effects of integrated multidisciplinary care for chronic conditions in adults and to provide an example of using this evidence to make recommendations for haemophilia care.Search methodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to January 2016, and reviewed reference lists of retrieved papers.Selection criteriaSystematic reviews of at least one randomized study, on adults with non‐communicable chronic conditions.Data collection and analysisTwo investigators independently assessed eligibility and extracted data. Quality of reviews was assessed using ROBIS, and the evidence assessed using GRADE.ResultsWe included seven reviews reporting on three chronic conditions. We found low to high quality evidence. Integrated care results in a reduction in mortality; likely a reduction in emergency visits and an improvement in function; little to no difference in quality of life, but shorter hospital stays; and may result in little to no difference in missed days of school or work. No studies reported educational attainment, or patient adherence and knowledge. When used for haemophilia, judgment about the indirectness of the evidence was driven by disease, intervention or outcome characteristics.ConclusionThis overview provides the most up to date evidence on integrated multidisciplinary care for chronic conditions in adults, and an example of how it can be used for guidelines in rare diseases.
Long‐term effects of angiotensin II blockade with irbesartan on inflammatory markers in hemodialysis patients: A randomized double blind placebo controlled trial (SAFIR study)
Authors: Peters Christian D. , Kjaergaard Krista D. , Nielsen Claus H. , Christensen Kent L. , Bibby Bo M. , Jensen Jens D. , Jespersen Bente 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroduction: Low‐grade chronic inflammation is common in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Previous studies suggest an anti‐inflammatory effect of angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of ARB vs. placebo on plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers in HD patients. Methods: Adult HD patients were randomized for double‐blind treatment with the ARB irbesartan 150–300 mg/day or placebo. At baseline, 1 week, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months plasma high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)−1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐18, and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) were measured using Luminex and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technology. Findings: Eighty‐two patients were randomized (placebo/ARB: 41/41). The groups did not differ in initial levels of any of the inflammatory markers (placebo/ARB median(range)): hsCRP 3.3(0.2–23.4)/2.7(0.2–29.6) μg/mL; IL‐1β 1.1(0.0–45.9)/1.1(0.0‐7.2) pg/mL; IL‐6 10(1–90)/12(1–84) pg/mL; IL‐8 31(9–134)/34(5–192) pg/mL; IL‐18 364(188–1343)/377(213–832) pg/mL; TGF‐β 3.2(0.8–13.9)/3.6(1.3–3.8) ng/mL. Overall, there was no significant difference in hsCRP, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TGF‐β between placebo and ARB‐treated patients during the study period, and hsCRP, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TGF‐β were relatively stable during the study period (P ≥ 0.18 in all tests for parallel curves, equal levels, and constant levels). The IL‐1β level was slightly different in the two groups over time, but not significantly (P = 0.09 in test for parallel curves) and it was also relatively stable during the study period (P ≥ 0.49 in tests for equal levels and constant level). IL‐18 was the only inflammatory marker which was not constant during the study period (P = 0.001 in test for constant level), but there was no significant difference between placebo and ARB‐treated (P ≥ 0.51 in tests for parallel curves and equal levels). Discussion: Inflammatory biomarkers were neither acutely, nor in the long‐term significantly affected by the ARB irbesartan. Our findings suggest that ARB treatment in HD patients does not offer protective anti‐inflammatory effects.
Advertising's impact on pre‐schoolers’ brand knowledge and materialism
Authors: Watkins Leah , Aitken Robert , Robertson Kirsten , Thyne Maree , Williams John 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article addresses the question of whether brand knowledge gained from exposure to television advertising leads to the early development of materialistic values in pre‐school children. Understanding how children develop symbolic meanings associated with brands is an important step in explaining how they come to value material possessions, a relationship that has long term impacts on their well‐being. To understand this process, this study focused on the relationship between pre‐schoolers’ television advertising exposure, the mediating variable of brand knowledge (measured as brand recognition and brand symbolism), and the development of a materialistic orientation. A sample of 73 parent/child (aged 2–5 years) dyads were interviewed. Partial least squares regression analysis shows that increased exposure to advertising is linked to the development of brand recognition and brand symbolism in pre‐school children. Brand knowledge, in turn, shows a positive but not significant relationship with a materialistic value orientation. The study demonstrates the important mediating role that brand knowledge plays in the relationship between advertising and the development of materialistic tendencies in pre‐school children. Results suggest that brand recognition and symbolism starts in early childhood and that this brand knowledge may play a role in the development of materialistic tendencies. Given recent concerns over increased targeting of marketing messages to children in multiple new media forms, understanding more about the relationship between advertising exposure, brand knowledge and materialism is important in informing the discussion about the impact of marketing on children's well‐being.
Strategic Flexibility: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Brozovic Danilo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPrevious literature reviews of strategic flexibility have a number of shortcomings: they lack a specific focus in the field, provide an excessive definitional focus or lack a clear empirical overview of research in the field. To overcome these shortcomings, this paper aims to systematically analyse the literature on strategic flexibility by identifying its main characteristics, linking the different aspects together in a new conceptual framework, and considering the means to measure it. This comprehensive analytical model analyses various aspects of strategic flexibility in the relevant literature (156 contributions). Thus, the systematic and critical approach of this paper offers a novel perspective in understanding strategic flexibility, and contributes to the field by providing a consolidation of the literature and indicating future research avenues.
Spinning: an arising cause of rhabdomyolysis in young females
Authors: Kim Y. H. , Ham Y. R. , Na K. R. , Lee K. W. , Choi D. E. 
Published: June 2016

Background‘Spinning’ is an indoor cycling regimen. The number of case reports of spinning‐induced rhabdomyolysis (SIR) has increased since 2004 in South Korea.AimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of SIR and compare it with other causes of rhabdomyolysis.MethodsPatients who were diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis from 1 September 2011 to 30 April 2015 were included. We analysed the incidence of rhabdomyolysis, biochemical parameters and forced hospitalisation, which was defined as the days from admission to creatinine phosphokinase < 2000 IU/L.ResultsAmong 70 included patients, 13 (18.6%) patients were diagnosed with SIR. The mean age of the patients with SIR was 25.69 ± 5.0 years, and most were females under 35 years old (12, 92.3%). Interestingly, the mean duration of spinning exercise before admission was only 59.23 min. Moreover, the patients with SIR showed more severe progress than the all‐patients‐except‐SIR (AESIR) group. The serum creatinine phosphokinase, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels of the patients with SIR were statistically significantly higher than the patients with AESIR. Additionally, the duration of forced hospitalisation was longer than that of the AESIR (P < 0.01).ConclusionsSpinning could be an important cause of rhabdomyolysis in young, unfit females, which is typically severe. A graded exercise programme is advised at the first session.
Without Criteria: Art and Learning and the Adventure of Pedagogy
Authors: Atkinson Dennis 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA key aim of this article is to present a discursus on learning and teaching in the context of art education that softens transcendent historical and ideological framings of art education and its purpose. In contrast it places emphasis upon the immanence and necessary transcendence of local events of learning that occur in whatever framing and which have the potential to extend our comprehension of what art and learning can become. It recommends a ‘pedagogical reversal’ whereby external transcendent lenses and their respective knowledge and criteria for practice are relaxed and proposes a pedagogy ‘without criteria’. A key pedagogical issue revolves around ‘how something matters’ for a learner in his or her experience of a learning encounter and trying to comprehend this ‘mattering’ constitutes a pedagogical adventure for a teacher. The notion of mattering in the context of art practice and learning cannot be divorced from the force of art which is the motive force that precipitates a potential for learning and can expand our understanding of what art and learning can become. The article is therefore premised on the idea that it is not a case of coming to understand art through established knowledge and practice but the force of art challenging us to think. The force of art, or art's event, can be conceived therefore as a process with a potential for the individuation of new worlds or to see that other worlds might be possible.
Arts Shoved Aside: Changing Art Practices in Primary Schools since the Introduction of National Standards
Authors: Irwin Michael Ray 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article reports on the understandings and practices of primary teachers in implementing the arts curriculum since the 2010 introduction of National Standards in Numeracy and Literacy within the New Zealand Education system. The ever‐mounting pressure on schools to perform to these standards has resulted in a reduction of emphasis and time allocation in the classroom to the arts. In numerous schools the arts have been marginalised to little more than that of decoration and marketing status. Data was collected using a questionnaire and individual interviews from 124 primary teachers within nine schools located in three geographic clusters. The large majority of these teachers indicated that art was not a priority, and that less time was spent on creating art works since the introduction of National Standards. The art that was taught tended to be integrated with other teaching areas. Teachers in referring to art were often referring to visual art which was the dominant art discipline. Professional development for staff in the arts was non‐existent and was never part of a teacher's professional appraisal. All aspects of the National Arts Curriculum were very rarely taught, with most teachers feeling ill prepared to implement the full arts curriculum. In classrooms where an art discipline was successful taught it was largely due to the passionate interest and prior involvement in the art by the individual teacher.
Primary care nurses' communication and its influence on patient talk during motivational interviewing
Authors: Östlund Ann‐Sofi , Wadensten Barbro , Häggström Elisabeth , Lindqvist Helena , Kristofferzon Marja‐Leena 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to describe what verbal behaviours/kinds of talk occur during recorded motivational interviewing sessions between nurses in primary care and their patients. The aim was also to examine what kinds of nurse talk predict patient change talk, neutral talk and/or sustain talk.BackgroundMotivational interviewing is a collaborative conversational style. It has been shown to be effective, in addressing health behaviours such as diet, exercise, weight loss and chronic disease management. In Sweden, it is one of the approaches to disease prevention conversations with patients recommended in the National Guidelines for Disease Prevention. Research on the mechanisms underlying motivational interviewing is growing, but research on motivational interviewing and disease prevention has also been called for.DesignA descriptive and predictive design was used.MethodsData were collected during 2011–2014. Fifty audio‐recorded motivational interviewing sessions between 23 primary care nurses and 50 patients were analysed using Motivational Interviewing Sequential Code for Observing Process Exchanges. The frequency of specific kinds of talk and sequential analysis (to predict patient talk from nurse talk) were computed using the software Generalized Sequential Querier 5.FindingsThe primary care nurses and patients used neutral talk most frequently. Open and negative questions, complex and positive reflections were significantly more likely to be followed by change talk and motivational interviewing‐inconsistent talk, positive questions and negative reflections by sustain talk.ConclusionsTo increase patients' change talk, primary care nurses need to use more open questions, complex reflections and questions and reflections directed towards change.
Colonizing the Caribbean: biogeography and evolution of livebearing fishes of the genus Limia (Poeciliidae)
Authors: Weaver Pablo F. , Cruz Alexander , Johnson Steven , Dupin Julia , Weaver Kathleen F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimWe investigate the origin and colonization of the West Indian endemic freshwater fish group Limia. We evaluate the leading hypotheses for the origins of West Indian life, including trans‐oceanic dispersal, late Cretaceous vicariance, and the GAARlandia land bridge at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary.LocationGreater Antilles, with extensive sampling in the Dominican Republic.MethodsWe obtained DNA from wild sampling and the aquarium trade. We sequenced three mitochondrial (12S, ND2 and Cytb) and two nuclear genes (Rh, MYH6) for a combined molecular phylogenetic analysis to evaluate species relationships and the timing of divergence events between islands and the mainland. We used Bayesian and likelihood approaches to build phylogenies, a BEAST analysis to establish the timing of colonization, and R package BioGeoBEARS to perform a historical biogeographical reconstruction.ResultsRelaxed molecular clock results show that the ancestor to the West Indian clade, which includes the Limia and Hispaniolan Poecilia, diverged from a South American ancestor at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. The basal Jamaican species, L. melanogaster, split from the rest of Limia at the Oligocene/Miocene boundary. Cuban and Cayman taxa are sister to a diverse species group from Hispaniola. Historical biogeographical reconstruction supported the GAARlandia DEC+j model as the best fitting model for colonization.Main conclusionsOur results support a colonization model for Limia that is concordant with the timing of GAARlandia and climate change during the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. Limia colonization was most likely a result of facilitated dispersal during a period of lower sea levels and shorter passage along the Aves Ridge. These results are also consistent with other recent molecular clock studies of dispersal limited cichlids, toads and frogs, indicating a growing body of support for the significance of Eocene/Oligocene climate change for the historical biogeography of West Indian life.
Optimization of hepatitis B cirrhosis detection by stepwise application of transient elastography and routine biomarkers
Authors: Liang Xie Er , Zhong Chunxiu , Huang Liwen , Yang Shuling , Zhu Youfu , Chen Yongpeng , Hou Jinlin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground and AimSignificant inflammation may overestimate liver stiffness and result in false positive diagnosis by transient elastography for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) cirrhosis detection. This study tries to further improve the performance by stepwise combination with routine biomarkers.MethodsA total of 236 compensated CHB patients with alanine transferase lower than five times upper limit of normal, liver biopsies, transient elastography, and routine blood tests were included. Performance of stepwise combination of transient elastography and routine biomarkers was analyzed.ResultsThe area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for detecting cirrhosis was 0.876 for transient elastography, 0.794 for fibrosis index based on the four factors (FIB‐4), 0.765 for age–platelet index (API), 0.715 for aspartate aminotransferase‐platelet ratio index (APRI), and 0.661 for alanine‐aspartate aminotransferase ratio, respectively. The numbers for significant fibrosis were 0.844, 0.662, 0.595, 0.695, and 0.510 in the same order. The proportion of patients determined as cirrhosis or non‐cirrhosis was 66.5% by transient elastography, 41.1% by FIB‐4, 14.4% by API, and 24.2% by APRI, respectively; the numbers for significant fibrosis were 55.5% by transient elastography, 11.9% by APRI, and none by the other serum markers. Stepwise combination of transient elastography and FIB‐4/APRI increased positive predictive value of confirming cirrhosis diagnosis from 0.677 to 0.808 and 0.724, respectively; and the proportion of patients being determined in the state of cirrhosis and obviating liver biopsy was up to 76%.ConclusionBy transient elastography‐based stepwise combination with readily available serum markers, performance of detecting compensated CHB cirrhosis could be significantly improved in terms of diagnosis accuracy and proportion of obviating liver biopsy.