bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity Depending from Keratoconus Apex Position
Authors: Līduma Sanita , Krūņmiņa Gunta 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Various studies have demonstrated that patients with keratoconus have significant loss of contrast sensitivity while its value varies in different studies. None of these studies has analysed reduced contrast sensitivity depending on the position of apex of corneal conus. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were evaluated for patients with keratoconus using the FrACT software. Contrast sensitivity was assessed at the following frequencies: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 cycles per degree (cpd). Twenty-four eyes with keratoconus were analysed. Contrast sensitivity was significantly lower for patients with the apex at the centre compared with apex on the periphery both with (p = 0.0078) and without (p = 0.0078) spectacle correction. For patients with the apex at the centre, contrast sensitivity was significantly different with and without correction (0.02); however, there was no difference for patients with apex on the periphery (p = 0.06). The results showed that if the keratoconus apex is at the centre, then spectacle correction improves contrast sensitivity at lower spatial frequencies (1, 3, and 5 cpd), while it remains unchanged at medium and high spatial frequencies. If the keratoconus apex is on the periphery, spectacle correction does not improve contrast sensitivity.
Binocular Coordination in Reading When Changing Background Brightness
Authors: Köpsel Anne , Huckauf Anke 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Contradicting results concerning binocular coordination in reading have been reported: Liversedge et al. (2006) reported a dominance of uncrossed fixations, whereas Nuthmann and Kliegl (2009) observed more crossed fixations in reading. Based on both earlier and continuing studies, we conducted a reading experiment involving varying brightness of background and font. Calibration was performed using Gabor patches presented on grey background. During the experimental session, text had to be read either on dark, bright, or grey background. The data corroborates former results that showed a predominance of uncrossed fixations when reading on dark background, as well as those showing a predominance of crossed fixations, when reading on bright background. Besides these systematic shifts, the new results show an increase in unsystematic variability when changing the overall brightness from calibration to test. The origins of the effects need to be clarified in future research.
Accommodative Amplitude in School-Age Children
Authors: Ikaunieks Gatis , Panke Karola , Segliņa Madara , Švede Aiga , Krūmiņa Gunta 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In children, intensive near-work affects the accommodation system of the eye. Younger children, due to anatomical parameters, read at smaller distance than older children and we can expect that the accommodation system of younger can be affected more than that of older children. We wanted to test this hypothesis. Some authors showed that the norms of amplitude of accommodation (AA) developed by Hofstetter (1950) not always could be applied for children. We also wanted to verify these results. A total of 106 (age 7-15) children participated in the study. Distance visual acuity was measured for all children and only data of children with good visual acuity 1.0 or more (dec. units) were analysed (73 children). Accommodative amplitude was measured before and after lessons using subjective push-up technique (with RAF Near Point Ruler). The results showed that the amplitude of accommodation reduced significantly (p < 0.05) during the day and decrease of AA was similar in different age groups (about ~0.70 D). Additional measurements are needed to verify that the observed changes in AA were associated with fatigue effect. The results showed lower accommodation values compared to average values calculated according to the Hofstetter equation (p < 0.05).
“Unpaid work”: On the pitfalls of metaphorical redescription
Authors: Schlaudt Oliver 
Published: November 2017

AbstractI am commenting on Moore's book from the perspective of philosophy of science, i. e. I concentrate on his conceptual framework and its formal features. There are two such features which will immediately attract the attention of any philosopher: first, the use of quotation marks, which I take to indicate that the author does not really wish (or dare, perhaps) to say what he actually says and, second, claims of necessity or counterfactual conditionals, which demand especially robust argumentation. These two features are directly related to each other: (1) Moore places the category of unpaid work, at least occasionally, in quotation marks; this concept is fundamental to his approach and he uses it in a much broader sense than is commonly done; and (2) he claims that capitalism depends necessarily on inputs of unpaid work. In my comment, I will discuss a number of conceptual problems linked to Moore's extension of the notion of unpaid work and will analyze the extent to which these problems affect his claim that capitalism is necessarily dependent on unpaid work.
Gleichzeitigkeit des Ungleichzeitigen
Authors: Schmieder Falko 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Denkfigur der Gleichzeitigkeit des Ungleichzeitigen gehörte lange zum Standardrepertoire des historischen Selbstverständigungsdiskurses der Moderne. Sie fehlt in keinem größeren Entwurf einer Theorie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft und es gibt wohl kaum eine geistes-, kultur- und sozialwissenschaftliche Disziplin, in der sie nicht zum Einsatz gelangt und in jeweils fachspezifischer Perspektive ausgearbeitet worden wäre.Umso schärfer tritt vor diesem langen Traditionshintergrund die Wendung zur Kritik hervor, die sich an den Aufstieg postmodernen Denkens seit den 1980er Jahren knüpft. Um die Frage der Relevanz und Aktualität der Denkfigur der Gleichzeitigkeit des Ungleichzeitigen angehen zu können, werden im ersten Teil in einem begriffs- und problemgeschichtlich orientierten Zugriff ihre historischen Dimensionen und Problemgehalte rekonstruiert. Das vorrangige Interesse ist die Darstellung des historischen Charakters und der inneren Historizität der Denkfigur sowie der Nachweis, dass ihre Entwicklung selbst durch die von ihr verhandelte Problematik der Ungleichzeitigkeit durchzogen und geprägt ist. Auf dieser Grundlage sollen dann im zweiten Teil die Argumente der Kritik und die in diesem Zusammenhang vorgeschlagenen Alternativen diskutiert und die Frage der Relevanz der Denkfigur erörtert werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Denkfigur unverzichtbar ist, um die mit der blinden Dynamik der modernen Gesellschaft unausweichlich verbundenen temporalen Konflikte und die historischen Dimensionen und Reservoirs der Archaik der Moderne zu bestimmen.
Deflection of Light Ray Due to a Charged Body Using Material Medium Approach
Authors: Roy Saswati , Sen A.K. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The gravitational deflection of light ray is an important prediction of general theory of relativity. In this paper we have developed an analytical expression of the deflection of light ray without any weak field approximation due to a charged gravitating body represented by Reissner-Nordström (RN) and Janis-Newman-Winicour (JNW) space-time geometry, using material medium approach. It is concluded that although both the geometries represent the charged, non-rotating, spherically symmetric gravitating body, the effect of charge on the gravitational deflection is just opposite to each other. The gravitational deflection decreases with charge in the RN geometry and increases with charge in the JNW geometry. The calculations obtained here are compared with other methods done by different authors. The formalism is applied to an arbitrarily selected gravitating body, as a test case and compared with the standard Schwarzschild geometry for comparison purposes.
Ab-Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Calculations of Spectroscopic Parameters in Hydrogen-Bonding Liquids in Confinement (Project 8)
Authors: Sebastiani Daniel 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We investigate the effect of several nanoscale confinements on structural and dynamical properties of liquid water and binary aqueous mixtures. By means of molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory and atomistic force fields. Our main focus is on the dependence on the structure and the hydrogen-bonding-network of the liquids near the confinement interface at atomistic resolution. As a complementary aspect, spatially resolved profiles of the proton NMR chemical shift values are used to quantify the local strength of the hydrogen-bond-network.
Cryoablation of Bone Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma for Local Tumor Control
Authors: Gardner Carly S. , Ensor Joe E. , Ahrar Kamran , Huang Steven Y. , Sabir Sharjeel H. , Tannir Nizar M. , Lewis Valerae O. , Tam Alda L. 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Patients with bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma often are not surgical candidates and have a poor prognosis. There are limited data on the use of cryoablation as a locoregional therapy for bone metastases. Our objective was to assess the local tumor-control rate following cryoablation of bone metastases in the setting of renal cell carcinoma.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who underwent cryoablation for bone metastases between 2007 and 2014. We excluded patients if the intent of treatment was for pain palliation only, if cryoablation was performed without an attempt for complete tumor control (cytoreduction), or if the patient had no further follow-up beyond the cryoablation procedure. We recorded patient demographics, procedural variables, and complications. Cross-sectional imaging and clinical follow-up were reviewed to determine disease recurrence. The median overall survival and recurrence-free survival were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results:
Forty patients (30 male and 10 female) with 50 bone metastases were included for analysis. The mean patient age was 62 years (range, 47 to 82 years). The median follow-up was 35 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.7 to 74.4 months). Twenty-five (62.5%) of the 40 patients had oligometastatic disease, defined as ≤5 metastases at the time of ablation. The mean tumor size was 3.4 ± 1.5 cm. Metastases in the pelvic region represented 68% of the treated tumors (34 of 50). The overall local tumor-control rate per lesion was 82% (41 of 50). Patients with oligometastatic disease experienced better local tumor control (96% [24 of 25]) compared with patients who had >5 metastases (53.3% [8 of 15]) (p = 0.001). The local tumor-control rate was better for lesions for which a larger mean difference between maximum ice-ball diameter and maximum lesion diameter was achieved (2.2 ± 0.9 cm for those without recurrence versus 1.35 ± 1.2 cm for those with recurrence; p = 0.005). There were 3 grade-3 complications and 1 grade-4 complication.

Conclusions:
Cryoablation can be effective for achieving local oncologic control in bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma and may represent a valuable alternative to surgical metastasectomy in select patients.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Nationwide Analysis of Femoral Neck Fractures in Elderly Patients
Authors: Ju Derek G. , Rajaee Sean S. , Mirocha James , Lin Carol A. , Moon Charles N. 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Geriatric femoral neck fractures are associated with substantial morbidity and medical cost. We evaluated the incidence and management trends of femoral neck fractures in recent years in the U.S.

Methods:
Patient data from 2003 through 2013 were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. Femoral neck fractures in patients ≥65 years old were identified and grouped using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) procedure codes for internal fixation, hemiarthroplasty, or total hip arthroplasty (THA). The nationwide incidence of femoral neck fractures was calculated and presented as an age-adjusted population rate. Univariable methods were used for trend analysis and comparisons between groups. Logistic regression modeling was used to analyze complications.

Results:
From 2003 to 2013, we identified 808,940 femoral neck fractures in patients ≥65 years old. The national age-adjusted incidence of femoral neck fractures decreased from 242 per 100,000 U.S. adults in 2003 to 146 in 2013. The proportion of fractures managed operatively with THA increased over time (5.9% in 2003 versus 7.4% in 2013; p < 0.001). Concurrently, the use of hemiarthroplasty declined (65.1% versus 63.6%; p < 0.001). In 2013, the median age of the patients treated with THA was significantly younger (77.3 years) compared with that in the hemiarthroplasty and internal fixation groups (83.2 and 82.0 years). The THA group had significantly higher median initial hospital costs ($17,097) compared with the hemiarthroplasty and internal fixation groups ($14,776 and $10,462).

Conclusions:
In the last decade, the total number and population rate of femoral neck fractures in the elderly declined significantly. There was a modest but significant increase in the utilization of THA.

Clinical Relevance:
This report identifies the changing trends in clinical practice in the treatment of geriatric femoral neck fractures in the U.S. Treating physicians should be aware of these trends, which include a decreasing national incidence of geriatric femoral neck fractures as well as an increase in the use of THA.
The Pursuit of Scholarship: Why We Should Care About Resident Research
Authors: Bechtold Joan E. , Williams Benjamin R. , Weinstein Stuart L. , Polly David W. , Pugely Andrew J. , Buckwalter Joseph A. , Albanese Stephen A. , Bozic Kevin J. , Snyder Brian D. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract:
Research is a foundational component of an orthopaedic residency. It fosters intellectual curiosity and pursuit of excellence, while teaching discipline and the scientific method. These are the key principles for careers in both community-based practice and academia. Currently, no consensus exists on how to best engage residents and support their research endeavors. In 2014, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Board of Specialty Societies Research and Quality Committee convened a Clinician-Scientist Collaboration Workgroup. The workgroup’s task was to identify barriers to clinical and basic science research, and to propose feasible recommendations to overcome these barriers. Herein, we have compiled the opinions of various stakeholder constituencies on how to foster scholarly pursuits during an orthopaedic residency. These opinions reflect the workgroup’s conclusions that research is directly and indirectly influenced by funding, departmental support, and mentorship, and that early exposure and dedicated time to pursue scholarly activities may have a positive impact on lifelong research interests.
Support for Safer Opioid Prescribing Practices
Authors: Lovecchio Francis , Derman Peter , Stepan Jeffrey , Iyer Sravisht , Christ Alexander , Grimaldi Peter , Kumar Kanupriya , Ranawat Anil , Taylor Samuel A. 
Published: November 2017

➤ The opioid epidemic places enormous social, ethical, and legal pressure on orthopaedic prescribers to balance postoperative pain relief with responsible prescribing practices.➤ A catalog of the type and average number of narcotic pills used by patients recovering from various orthopaedic surgeries may serve as a starting point for safe opioid prescribing strategies.➤ Prescriber education and guidelines that depersonalize discussions about the maximum strength and number of pills that can be provided may reduce overprescribing.➤ The large ranges of opioid consumption reported in many studies challenge the notion that opioid use is an objective measure of pain level and prompt further investigation into the variety of individual or cultural factors that may influence postoperative opioid consumption.
Novel Strategies to Improve Resident Selection by Improving Cultural Fit
Authors: Porter Scott E. , Razi Afshin E. , Ramsey T. Bennett 
Published: November 2017

Abstract:
Residency selection is a perennial multifactorial process that differs considerably from the recruitment processes that other professional occupations enjoy. The 2016 meeting of the American Orthopaedic Association’s Council of Orthopaedic Residency Directors highlighted a series of symposia that sought to present a novel manner of resident selection. Specifically, the presenters for each symposium were asked to do the following: present some general recruitment best practices in industries outside of medicine, present how branding of a program may translate into a better interview season, investigate evidence that the applicant pool to orthopaedic surgery may have changed and that residency program brands may have to reflect this, and assess our current evaluation techniques for talent identification and resident selection with respect to a specific department’s appearance or brand. The meeting concluded with an understanding of the level to which programs can successfully create or adopt a brand and how this may go a long way in focusing the entire match process and allow emphasis to be placed on applicants who possess desired traits. The goal for this meeting was that attendees would leave with tangible practices and techniques that could be adopted at their home institutions.
Preferensi Konsumen terhadap Beras Berlabel Jaminan Varietas (BBJV) untuk Hipa 8, Ciherang dan Inpari 13
Authors: Indrasari Siti Dewi , Purwaningsih Purwaningsih , Apriyati Erni , Ardhiyanti Shinta Dewi 
Published: November 2017

The objectives of this research was to study the consumer acceptance to variety assurance rice labelled (VARL) wihich is produced by “Kopkarlittan” of Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR). The research was conducted on September to November 2013. The respondents were asked to answer the question in questionaire and assessing the rice and cooked rice presented. The preference assessment was carried out to every rice atributes such as aroma, color, shape, wholeness, cleaness and general acceptance (like or dislike). The same assessment was also carried out to the cooked rice with different atributes such as aroma, color, translucency, softness, taste and general acceptance. The rice used were Hipa 8 variety which is represent aromatic rice and Ciherang and Inpari 23 represent non aromatic rice. Those rice were produced by “Kopkarlittan” ICRR. As controlled were used non variety assurance labelled rice (NVARL) which were bought from two modern market LM and C in Jakarta. The organoleptic data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test and presented in decriptive way. In general the respondents stated that VARL products is better than other NVARL product in term of shape, wholeness, cleaness, taste of cooked rice, nutritional and functional quality. Other respondents stated that VARL products is the same with NVARL products in term of color. In general the consumers in Jakarta, Bandung and Yogyakarta stated that there is no preference different based on color, aroma, shape, wholeness and cleaness of aromatic rice sold in LM and C modern market, except general accetance atribute of Hipa 8 variety. The consumers also stated that there is no preference different to Hipa 8 cooked rice based on aroma, color, translucency, softness, taste and general acceptance. But there is preference different of aromatics cooked rice sold in LM modern market based on color, translucency, softness and taste atributes. In general consumers in Jakarta, Bandung and Yogyakarta stated that there is no preference different of non aromatic rice and cooked rice sold in LM, C modern market dan Inpari 13 variety.
Seleksi Fenotipe Populasi Padi Gogo untuk Hasil Tinggi, Toleran Alumunium dan Tahan Blas di Tanah Masam
Authors: Mulyaningsih Enung Sri , Perdani Ambar Yuswi , Indrayani Sri , Suwarno Suwarno 
Published: November 2017

The aims of research is to get upland rice lines with high yield, aluminum tolerance and resistance of blast. Genetic material were used 380 lines (F6) from six hybridization combination were evaluated under stress Al condition in environment endemic blast by using augmented design with five randomized block. Performance of lines at the field and level of tolerance was tested. The results showed that have five genetic clusters formed of 380 lines of upland rice in a test based on a quantitative character. The best cluster is cluster number 3 with lines that have characters growth vigor of plants are uniform, 50% flowering days short, harvesting of early maturing, high plant medium, amount of productive tillers is high, medium on panicle length, the most number of filled grain, the lowest of empty grains, the most weight of 5 panicles and high yield potential. Aluminum Tolerant and Blast Resistant owned by almost all clusters. But the lines on the cluster 3 have highest resistance to blast and Al at 96%.
BREAST CANCER IN MEN IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN
Authors: Sakaeva D. D. , Atnabaev R. D. , Ruchkin V. V. 
Published: November 2017

Breast cancer in men is 100 times less common than in women. The principles of treatment of breast cancer in men are still based on knowledge obtained during the treatment of women with a similar pathology. The article reviews 67 cases of all breast cancer stages in men. The majority (50.7%) of all patients who initiated therapy had stage III-IV tumors. In most cases, the patients had an infiltrating ductal carcinoma (52.2%). The combination and complex treatment methods accounted for 53.6% of all cases. The radical mastectomy (89.6%) was the most frequent method of operative intervention. 29 patients (43.3%) received preoperative chemotherapy. 36 patients received adjuvant treatment. The adjuvant treatment comprised chemotherapy (29 patients), and subsequently was supplemented with antihormonal therapy in patients with receptor-positive tumors. The anthracycline-containing chemotherapy was the most prevalent among treatment regimens (72.4%). In 7 patients with a locally diffused process, the treatment was supplemented with radiotherapy. 72.2% of patients had a clinically significant estrogen receptor (RE) expression in the tumor and 61% of patients had a progesterone receptor (RP) expression. 85.0% of patients with stages I-IIA breast cancers showed the relatively high 5-year survival rates, and 67.5% of patients with stage IIB cancers showed 5-year survival. The survival rates for stages III and IV cancer were 18.1% and 16.6%, respectively.
DARATUMUMAB FOR THE TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Authors: Ryzhko V. V. , Kanaeva M. L. 
Published: November 2017

The use of proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs in the clinical practice has contributed to the significant improvement in survival for patients with multiple myeloma over the past decades. Alongside this, due to the recurrent course of the disease, there is a need to introduce new classes of drugs to clinical practice. In 2015, the FDA (USA) approved two monoclonal antibodies for use in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma, and immunotherapy has rapidly become indispensable in the management of such patients. The article presents an analysis of the published data regarding the mechanism of action, safety and clinical efficacy of daratumumab, a human monoclonal antibody that targets CD38 tumor protein, for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. In Russia, daratumumab is registered (RU LP-004367 of 07.07.2017) and is indicated as monotherapy for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, who have received prior therapies, incuding proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs. Daratumumab demonstrated an excellent safety profile. In the context of daratumumab therapy, the moderate-grade infusion-related reactions occurring mostly during the first infusion are the main adverse events. Daratumumab-based combination therapies are currently under active evaluation in patients with relapsed and newly diagnosed myeloma.