bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of the gait-related arm swing on elevation gain measured by sport watches
Authors: Ammann Rahel , Taube Wolfgang , Neuhaus Matthias , Wyss Thomas 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The elevation gain is an important contributor to the total workload in endurance sports. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the arm swing on elevation gain in three sport watches (Garmin® Forerunner 910XT, Polar® RS800CX and Suunto® Ambit2) on a flat 400 m outdoor track. Altogether, a total of 120 repetitions of 1,200 m were performed at self-selected speeds corresponding to strolling, walking, jogging and running. During the assessment two devices of each sport watch, one secured on the hip and one on the wrist, were worn by the participants. A small but significant (effect size = .39; p < .001) influence of the arm swing on elevation was revealed in all sport watches. Elevation indication errors recorded on the wrist were significantly larger than the ones recorded on the hip (4.0-7.4 vs. 1.2-5.7 m per 1,200 m; p < .05). Furthermore, when wearing the devices on the wrist, errors in elevation indication increased when gait speed increased. Users should be aware that wearing the devices on the hip can significantly decrease measurement errors. This might be especially relevant for activities with high dynamics, such as jogging and running.
The effect of the MTHFR C677T mutation on athletic performance and the homocysteine level of soccer players and sedentary individuals
Authors: Dinç Nurten , Yücel Selda Bereket , Taneli Fatma , Sayın Metin Vehbi 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This study investigated athletic performance and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in relation to the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T mutation and explored the relationship between this mutation and other cardiac risk factors in soccer players and sedentary individuals. The study groups consisted of randomly selected soccer players (n=48) from the Turkish Super and Major League and sedentary male students (n=48) aged 18-27. Anthropometric variables, aerobic and anaerobic thresholds were measured, furthermore, biochemical assays were performed. The level of HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, Hcy, folate, vitamin B12, hemogram and MTHFR C677T was investigated. The results showed that there was a statistical difference between the two groups in terms of body mass, body fat, the BMI, the aerobic threshold heart rate (ATHR), aerobic threshold velocity (ATVL) and anaerobic threshold velocity (ANTVL). The soccer players were found to have lower levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, and higher levels of folate than the sedentary participants. The analysis of the alleles of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism showed that the participants that carried TT genotypes had a lower level of vitamin B12 and folate, and a higher level of Hcy than the participants carrying CC and CT genotypes. In conclusion, the baseline homocysteine and cardiovascular fitness levels of healthy young males with the TT genotypes of the MTHFR C677T genotype were found to strongly correlate with their levels of Hcy.
Changes of standard physiological-perceptual markers and circulating MicroRNAs in response to tennis match-play: A case report of two elite players
Authors: Hoppe Matthias Wilhelm , Baumgart Christian , Hilberg Thomas , Freiwald Jürgen , Wehmeier Udo Frank 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This study aimed to describe the acute changes of both standard physiological-perceptual markers and circulating microRNAs in response to tennis match-play in a detailed case report. Two elite male baseliners with comparable tennis experience were tested for anthropometric and fitness related variables and played 2 h of match-play on a red-clay court. The changes of standard physiological-perceptual markers including the heart rate, lactate concertation, creatine kinase activity, urea concentration and rating of perceived exertion as well as circulating microRNA-133a, -486 and -126 expression rates were examined at 10 different time-points (i.e., pre, during and up to 24 h post match-play). Player 2 had lower fitness related variables, but a higher heart rate, lactate concentration, creatine kinase activity and rating of perceived exertion during play than player 1. Player 2 showed an increase in all microRNAs (≤3.83-fold), most evident post match-play, whereas player 1 demonstrated a decrease (≤0.41-fold). The time-course in the changes of all standard physiological-perceptual markers was similar in both players, whereas this of the microRNAs was different. It was concluded that the relative changes of the circulating microRNA-133a, -486 and 126 expression rates of both players differed in response to tennis match-play with respect to the experienced physiological-perceptual stress and the underlying fitness level. Therefore, circulating microRNAs can serve as additional biomarkers for tennis exercise physiology and may be assessed together with standard markers to conclude whether key cellular regulatory processes were induced in response to match-play.
Effect of the pitch size and presence of goalkeepers on the work load of players during small-sided soccer games
Authors: Hulka Karel , Weisser Radim , Belka Jan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Small-sided games (SSGs) are spontaneous forms of specific training where exercise intensity can be manipulated by modifying external factors. To ensure suitable usage of small-sided games in practice, we have to know which variables can influence internal responses and external loads. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of presence of a goalkeeper and the pitch size on internal responses and the external load during five-a-side soccer games. Twenty nine junior soccer players (age: 18.11 ± 1.31 years; body mass index: 21.04 ± 2.58 kg·m-2; peak heart rate: 199.53 ± 7.51 beats·min–1) participated in the study. The heart rate, distance covered and the rate of perceived exertion were monitored. We found significantly higher average heart rates of players in 5v5 SSGs without goalkeepers than with them on a small pitch. Analysis showed significant differences in the time spent in 65-85% of the peak heart rate zone and ˂65% of the peak heart rate zone on the small pitch. Furthermore, we found significantly higher distance covered by players during five-a-side games with goalkeepers than without them played on the small pitch. Our results indicate that the pitch size is a very important variable that influences the work load of players. The inclusion of the goalkeeper decreases the work load of the player on a small pitch (28 × 20 m; 560 m2), but not on a medium or large pitch.
Comparison between two types of anaerobic speed endurance training in competitive soccer players
Authors: Mohr Magni , Krustrup Peter 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of additional in-season speed endurance production versus speed endurance maintenance training regimes on performance in competitive male soccer players. In a randomised controlled trial 18 male sub-elite players were exposed to additional speed endurance production (SEP) or speed endurance maintenance (SEM) training (two additional sessions/wk for 4 weeks) during the competitive season. Players performed the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 2 test (YYIR2) and a repeated sprint test (RST) pre- and post-intervention. Yo-Yo IR2 performance increased (p<0.001) by 50 ± 8% and 26 ± 5% in SEP and SEM, respectively, with greater (p=0.03) improvement in SEP. RST performance improved by 2.1 ± 0.3% and 1.3 ± 0.4% in SEP and SEM, respectively, while the RST fatigue index decreased (4.4 ± 0.8 to 3.4 ± 0.5%; p<0.04) in SEP only. Peak and average speed during training were higher (p<0.001) in SEP than in SEM (24.5 ± 0.3 vs 19.2 ± 0.3 and 15.5 ± 0.1 km·h-1 vs 9.4 ± 0.1 km·h-1). Additional in-season anaerobic speed endurance production and maintenance training improves high-intensity exercise performance in competitive soccer players with superior effects of speed endurance production training.
Modeling and Optimization of Lipase-Catalyzed Partial Hydrolysis for Diacylglycerol Production in Packed Bed Reactor
Authors: Phuah Eng-Tong , Lee Yee-Ying , Tang Teck-Kim , Lai Oi-Ming , Choong Thomas Shean-Yaw , Tan Chin-Ping , Ng Wee-Nak , Lo Seong-Koon 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the process variables namely packed bed height (cm) and flow rates (ml/min) on diacylglycerol (DAG) production via partial hydrolysis of palm oil using immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase in packed bed reactor (PBR). Quadratic models were successfully developed for both DAG(y) and unhydrolyzed triacylglycerol ((un)TAG) with determination coefficient (R
2) of 0.9931 and 0.9986, respectively coupled with insignificant lack of fit (p > 0.05). Optimal conditions for DAG synthesis were evaluated to be 10 cm packed bed height and 3.8 ml/min flow rate. Immobilized enzyme can be reused up to 10 times without significant changes in enzymatic activity. The partial hydrolysis under studied was found to be mass transfer-controlled.
Voting Rules in Bankruptcy Law
Authors: Stef Nicolae 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe empirically evaluate creditors’ voting conditions and the bankruptcy voting rules of 90 countries. The severity of a voting rule is determined by the threshold values of the majority-voting rules by which creditors impose their interests. The higher the threshold values, the higher is the severity degree of the rule. We find that the bankruptcy laws of countries with German and French legal origin tend to have the least severe voting rules. The Nordic countries have moderate rules. The laws of the common law countries have the most severe rules. These results hold for secured and unsecured claimants. The court’s legal right of overcoming the voting result is granted more often by bankruptcy laws of French and German legal origin. The severity of the voting rules can influence the recovery of creditors’ debt. We show that a coalition of creditors that has a common interest can use the severity of the voting rule to influence the approval of a reorganization plan that provides a higher recovery rate of the creditors’ debt.
Edusemiotics of meaningful learning experience: Revisiting Kant’s pedagogical paradox and Greimas’ semiotic square
Authors: Kukkola Jani , Pikkarainen Eetu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this article we examine the educational process and learning from the edusemiotic point of view in terms of meaningful experience and meaningful action. A conception of meaningful experience is central in many branches of educational thinking, from pragmatism to existentialism. We analyze this conception from two traditional and somewhat remote perspectives, utilizing some themes of Kant’s educational philosophy on the one hand and Greimas’ semiotics on the other. Kant’s views of human formative powers – Bildung – will be described as a basic philosophy of learning experience. Kant’s theory is then critiqued from the perspective of existentialist educational philosophy. Concepts of meaningful learning and experience are further clarified utilizing Greimas’ semiotic tools and, specifically, his semiotic square. Finally, the question of meaningful learning experience is related to Kant’s pedagogical paradox and the educator’s role in the pedagogical process.
Some norm inequalities for special Gram
matrices
Authors: Türkmen Ramazan , Kan Osman , Gökbas Hasan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In this paper we firstly give majorization relations between the vectors Fn = {f0, f1, . . . , fn−1},Ln =
{l0, l1, . . . , ln−1} and Pn = {p0, p1, . . . , pn−1} which constructed with fibonacci, lucas and pell numbers.
Then we give upper and lower bounds for determinants, Euclidean norms and Spectral norms of Gram matrices
GF=〈Fn,Fni〉, GL=〈Ln,Lni〉, GP=〈Pn,Pni〉, GFL=〈Fn,Lni〉, GFP=〈Fn,Pni〉.
Professor Haruo Yanai and multivariate analysis
Authors: Takane Yoshio 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The late Professor Yanai has contributed to many fields ranging from aptitude diagnostics, epidemiology,
and nursing to psychometrics and statistics. This paper reviews some of his accomplishments in multivariate
analysis through his collaborative work with the present author, along with some untold episodes
for the inception of key ideas underlying the work. The various topics covered include constrained principal
component analysis, extensions of Khatri’s lemma, theWedderburn-Guttman theorem, ridge operators, generalized
constrained canonical correlation analysis, and causal inference. A common thread running through
all of them is projectors and singular value decomposition, which are the main subject matters of a recent
monograph by Yanai, Takeuchi, and Takane [60].
A Magyar Képzőművészeti Egyetem Könyvtárának és Művészeti Gyűjteményének története
Authors: Blaskóné Majkó Katalin , Bojtos Anikó 
Published: July 2016

The National Hungarian Fine Arts Association was established in 1861 and aimed to set up an art academy in Hungary in order to ensure the independent improvement of national art. One of the members – Gusztav Keleti – was entrusted with visiting all of the most important art academies in Europe and investigating their teaching methods. Based on his observations, the Hungarian Royal School of Model Drawing and Draughtsmanship Teacher Training, predecessor of what is the Hungarian University of Fine Arts today, was established on May 1871 in a rented flat, under 6 Rombach (today Rumbach Sebestyén) Street. Gusztáv Keleti got appointed as the director, who formed the collection of the library with the help of the teachers from the very beginning. Apart from books, model drawings (mostly lithographs, photomechanical prints, later photographs) and plaster copies of famous sculptures were acquired as well. The institution moved into its permanent home (Andrássy Street 71.) in 1876, and the library got a spacious hall on the first floor. The new building was planned by one of the teachers, Lajos Rauscher. In 1895 the collection found its current premise in the other part of the university building facing Izabella Street. The first director of the library was János Greguss (1878–1888), followed by Szilárd Várdai (1888–1923), Antal Horn (1923–1947), László Cs. Szabó (1947–1949) and János Faludi (1950–1956). The institutional reform, carried out by Károly Lyka from 1920, abolished the model drawing courses, so a huge part of the library collection lost its importance. The rediscovery of the treasures, hidden in the old furniture, happened only after 1989.
The Art Collection of the Hungarian University of Fine Arts consists of more than 10.000 priceless drawings and prints, including Japanese woodcuts and an Art Nouveau placard collection. Apart from that more than 12.000 unique photographs, made by famous Hungarian and European artists, and a stunning set of optical instruments are preserved. Due to the works of our existing students, contemporary art is also represented in the collection.
Fotó: Fortepan / Budapest Főváros Levéltára / Klösz György fényképei
Marketing Vegetables in Elementary School Cafeterias to Increase Uptake
Authors: Hanks Andrew S. , Just David R. , Brumberg Adam 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVES:
Children do not eat enough servings of vegetables, underscoring the need for effective interventions encouraging this behavior. The purpose of this research was to measure the impact that daily exposure to branded vegetable characters has on vegetable selection among boys and girls in elementary schools.

METHODS:
In a large urban school district, 10 elementary schools agreed to participate in the study. They were randomly assigned to a control condition or 1 of 3 treatment conditions: (1) a vinyl banner displaying vegetable characters that was fastened around the base of the salad bar; (2) short television segments with health education delivered by vegetable characters; or (3) a combination of the vinyl banner and television segments. We collected 22 206 student-day observations over a 6-week period by tallying the number of boys and girls taking vegetables from the school’s salad bar.

RESULTS:
Results show that 90.5% (from 12.6% to 24.0%; P = .04) more students took vegetables from the salad bar when exposed to the vinyl banner only, and 239.2% (from 10.2% to 34.6%; P &lt; .001) more students visited the salad bar when exposed to both the television segments and vinyl banners. Both boys and girls responded positively to the vinyl banners (P &lt; .05 in both cases).

CONCLUSIONS:
Evidence from this study highlights the positive impact of branded media on children’s vegetable selection in the school cafeteria. Results from this study suggest potential opportunities for using branded media to encourage healthier choices for children.
THE ROLE OF mutR GENE IN METABOLISM AND VIRULENCE OF emm12 GENOTYPE STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES STRAINS
Authors: Zutkis A. A. , Milman B. L. , Dmitriev A. V. 
Published: July 2016

In the present study the functional role of the mutR regulatory protein gene of Streptococcus pyogenes (emm12) was studied. The mutR gene was inactivated in the strains no. 97 and no. 152 by insertional mutagenesis. Inactivation of the mutR gene was found to affect the dynamic and characteristics of bacterial growth in liquid medium. Expression of secreted nucleases was significantly lower in the mutant strains compared to the wild-type strains. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass-spectrometry revealed differences in expression of number of the proteins in mutant strainscompared to the wild-type strains. Inactivation of the mutR gene negatively affected capacity of S. pyogenes to adhere to human epithelial cells. Finally, the virulence properties of the no. 152[mutR] mutant strains were found to be 4,7-fold less compared to the strain no. 152, while the no. 97[mutR] mutant strain became avirulent compared to the strain no. 97 due to insertional inactivation of the mutR gene.
ACTIVATION OF T. GONDII INFECTION AFTER ALLOGENEIC TRANSPLANTATION OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS: DEPENDENCE ON TIME OF TRANSPLANTATION AND SEROLOGICAL STATUS OF THE PATIENTS
Authors: Chukhlovin A. B. , Zubarovskaya L. S. , Bondarenko S. N. , Eismont Yu. A. , Semenov A. V. , Vladovskaya M. D. , Totolian Areg A. , Afanasyev B. V. 
Published: July 2016

The article focuses on aspects of T. gondii reactivation/reinfection in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). We have observed 297 patients who received conditioning therapy and allogeneic grafts due to different oncohematological or lymphoproliferative diseases (1 to 60 years old, at a mediane of 19 years). Conditioning regimens were either myeloablative (35%), or non-myeloablative (65%). DNA diagnostics of T. gondii was performed on a regular basis at 0 to 6 months post-HSCT. IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii were determined in 78 patients before HSCT, as well as in their donors. T. gondii DNA post-transplant proved to be positive in 13% of blood specimens, 9% of cerebrospinal liquor samples, 11% of bronchoalveolar cell lavages, and in 5% of urine sediments. In adolescent patients (10 to 14 years old), an increased prevalence of T. gondii was found in patients who received myeloablative treatment (p = 0.01). When assessing posttransplant dynamics of T. gondii, we have revealed distinct increase in the pathogen excretion within 1st month after HSCT (p = 0.03). Finally, initial presence of IgG antibodies against T. gondii in the patients was associated with lower incidence of the pathogen reactivation post-transplant.
Teachers’ Plight and Trainees’ Flight: Perceived, Lived, and Conceived Spaces of Schools
Authors: Aydarova Elena 
Published: July 2016

Teacher recruitment and retention are often examined as technical problems that can be solved by providing teachers with incentives, evaluations, or more practical initial preparation. This paper proposes a reconceptualization of pre-service teachers’ flight from the profession. By applying Lefebvre’s (1991) theory of space to the analysis of ethnographic data collected in the Russian Federation between 2011 and 2014, this paper highlights how teachers’ plight in schools and in the society at large shapes teacher education students’ career aspirations. Based on classroom observations, focus group data, as well as media artifacts, I show that the perceived, lived, and conceived spaces of schooling hold little promise for students in teacher education programs. Teachers’ pay, the structure of teachers’ work, as well as school students’ attitudes towards teachers reveal that schools have come to occupy a peripheral position in the Russian society. Teachers’ experiences in schools as managed professionals burdened with bureaucratic responsibilities and undergoing significant amounts of stress make teaching a precarious occupation. Representations of schools and teachers’ work in the media and public service announcements portray schools as irrelevant and immoral spaces where only “losers” go to work. In this situation, meaningful educational change would require both a reimagining of the spaces of schooling and a collective dialogue on the role education should play in the Russian society.
Cross-University Mobility of University Teaching Staff in Russia
Authors: Gorelova Olga 
Published: July 2016

We investigate into cross-university academic mobility, which implies working for more than one university over a teaching career. Judging by available research results, mobility affects positively the academic system as a whole, although its correlation with personal teacher characteristics differs from country to country. According to the Changing Academic Profession survey conducted using the same methodology in 19 countries of the world in 2007–2009 and in Russia in 2012, we analyze the correlation of cross-university academic mobility with publication activity, working time distribution and professional communication of the academic staff. We demonstrate that the level of cross-university staff mobility was extremely low in the early 2010s, which was considered normal by the academic community though. Under such conditions, almost no significant correlations were found between mobility and professional activity characteristics of instructors (productivity, time distribution and collaboration with colleagues), the latter being more or less the same for both mobile and non-mobile staff members.
African-Brazilians and Natives in an Elite University: The Impact of Affirmative Action on Students in Brazil
Authors: Oliven Arabela , Bello Luciane 
Published: July 2016

The best Brazilian universities are public, free of charge, and highly selective. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, many public universities began to earmark spots in all courses for underrepresented groups. The targets of these affirmative action policies were usually students coming from public schools, African-Brazilians, and Natives. This article introduces data on Brazil’s higher education system since its early beginnings: its expansion, segmentation between public and private sectors, and the elitist character of public universities. It points out specificities of race relations in the country since the arrival of the Portuguese, and the historical context that favored the introduction of inclusion policies in public universities. It then deploys qualitative data in order to present the experience of African-Brazilians and Natives who entered an elite university — the Federal University do Rio Grande do Sul — through affirmative action policies. This university is located in the South of the country, the region that has the highest percentage of white population. The analysis focuses on the educational trajectory, family support and expectations, race relations in the university, resilience processes, and plans for the future of a group of racial quota students. By reporting on a pioneering experience, it discusses the importance of diversity in the student body and the challenges the university has to tackle for facing this new reality.