bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’euthanasie : quelques Mots de vocabulaire et d’histoire
Authors: Biotti-Mache Françoise 
Published: May 2017

Historiquement et étymologiquement, euthanasie n’est pas un mot grec classique. Les grecs avaient forgé un adverbe, un verbe puis un substantif qui signifiaient que la mort était douce ou belle, mais ils ne leur donnaient pas le même sens assez restrictif qu’on lui donne aujourd’hui, avec intervention d’un tiers. Pourtant, l’Antiquité a bien connu le suicide sous la forme d’une euthanasie. Puis une longue période interdit et condamne sans appel le suicide comme l’euthanasie et les religions juives, chrétiennes et musulmanes partagent toutes le respect absolu de la vie humaine, créée par Dieu. Il faut attendre le siècle des lumières pour voir ressurgir le mot d’euthanasie et le XIX e siècle pour que la médecine et les mentalités évoluent. Ce n’est qu’au XX e siècle que l’on osera enfin (re)poser la question du libre choix de la mort pour la personne concernée ou pour son entourage quand elle ne peut plus s’exprimer, mais avec d’infinies précautions que seul le vocabulaire le plus explicite peut traduire. Aujourd’hui, les pays légifèrent, les uns après les autres, sur le sujet de l’euthanasie, le plus souvent sous la pression de l’opinion publique et des interrogations individuelles ou sociologiques. Ainsi se fait jour la diversité des législations et des positions religieuses, pour la plupart inchangées depuis des siècles, mais qui témoignent toutes du caractère toujours infiniment délicat de l’euthanasie. Les êtres humains veulent bien mourir, mais de mort douce !
Gestion des eaux à Bruxelles : enseignements des longues séries temporelles de données du système de télémétrie Flowbru
Authors: de Ville Nicolas , Verbanck Michel 
Published: May 2017

Les longues séries temporelles de données fournies par le réseau hydrométrique régional Flowbru (www.flowbru.be) offrent une nouvelle occasion de mieux comprendre le système hydrographique de Bruxelles. L'exploration et l'analyse de ces données, assorties de leur consolidation, de leur modélisation et de leur interprétation minutieuse, apportent un éclairage nouveau sur les performances du système d'assainissement. En premier lieu, le problème des infiltrations d'eau limpide parasite dans le réseau est abordé. De nouvelles méthodes sont mises au point pour calculer les volumes d'eau claire qui pénètrent quotidiennement dans l'ensemble de la zone traitée par la station d'épuration de Bruxelles-Nord. L'importance des variations saisonnières des infiltrations est mise en lumière, de même que les moyens de détecter ces variations dans les séries temporelles limnimétriques, de façon à repérer les canalisations sujettes à des infiltrations. L'étude porte ensuite sur l'accumulation des sédiments dans le principal collecteur de la Région bruxelloise, à savoir, le grand émissaire de la rive droite du canal. La dynamique de cette accumulation est examinée, puis une comparaison entre la situation actuelle et celle des années 1980 fait apparaître que le phénomène s'est fortement accentué au cours de ces dernières décennies. Les possibles causes et conséquences de cette accumulation sont enfin brièvement évoquées.
Waterbeheer in Brussel: kennis vergaard via de langdurige gegevensreeksen van het gewestelijk telemetriesysteem Flowbru
Authors: de Ville Nicolas , Verbanck Michel 
Published: May 2017

De langdurig verzamelde gegevens, vrijgegeven door het regionaal hydrometrisch netwerk Flowbru (http://www.flowbru.be) vertegenwoordigen een nieuwe kans om kennis te vergaren over het hydrografisch systeem in Brussel. Via een combinatie van datamininganalyse, gegevensconsolidatie, modellen en diepgaande gegevensinterpretatie, worden nieuwe inzichten over de prestaties van het rioleringssysteem verkregen. Allereerst wordt het probleem van de infiltratie van parasitair helder water in het rioleringssysteem aangekaart. Een nieuwe methode werd ontwikkeld om de dagelijkse hoeveelheden geïnfiltreerd helder water te berekenen in de gehele zone die behandeld wordt door de rioolwaterzuiveringsinstallatie Brussel Noord (RWZI). We tonen de sterke seizoensgebonden infiltratieschommelingen en hoe dit patroon in limnimetrische tijdreeksen kan worden geïdentificeerd om de riolen waar de infiltratie gebeurt aan te duiden. In tweede instantie buigen we ons over de accumulatie van rioolsedimenten in de Brusselse hoofdcollector Rechteroever – de grootste riolering in het Brussels Gewest. De accumulatiedynamiek wordt besproken, en een vergelijking tussen de huidige situatie en die van de jaren 1980 toont de enorme stijging in sedimentaccumulatie in de afgelopen decennia. De mogelijke oorzaken en gevolgen van deze accumulatie worden kort besproken.
Autoreactivity to Sulfatide by Human Invariant NKT Cells
Authors: Stax Annelein M. , Tuengel Jessica , Girardi Enrico , Kitano Naoki , Allan Lenka L. , Liu Victor , Zheng Dongjun , Panenka William J. , Guillaume Joren , Wong Chi-Huey , van Calenbergh Serge , Zajonc Dirk M. , van den Elzen Peter 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInvariant NKT (iNKT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes that recognize lipid Ags presented by CD1d. The prototypical Ag, α-galactosylceramide, strongly activates human and mouse iNKT cells, leading to the assumption that iNKT cell physiology in human and mouse is similar. In this article, we report the surprising finding that human, but not mouse, iNKT cells directly recognize myelin-derived sulfatide presented by CD1d. We propose that sulfatide is recognized only by human iNKT cells because of the unique positioning of the 3-O-sulfated β-galactose headgroup. Surface plasmon resonance shows that the affinity of human CD1d-sulfatide for the iNKT cell receptor is relatively low compared with CD1d–α-galactosylceramide (KD of 19–26 μM versus 1 μM). Apolipoprotein E isolated from human cerebrospinal fluid carries sulfatide that can be captured by APCs and presented by CD1d to iNKT cells. APCs from patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy, who accumulate sulfatides due to a deficiency in arylsulfatase-A, directly activate iNKT cells. Thus, we have identified sulfatide as a self-lipid recognized by human iNKT cells and propose that sulfatide recognition by innate T cells may be an important pathologic feature of neuroinflammatory disease and that sulfatide in APCs may contribute to the endogenous pathway of iNKT cell activation.
Passive Immunization of Farmed Fish
Authors: Rajan Binoy , Løkka Guro , Koppang Erling Olaf , Austbø Lars 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The fast growth and potential of global aquaculture has necessitated the adoption of sustainable and welfare-oriented therapeutics and prophylactic strategies. Knowledge gathered from studies about maternal passive immunity in fish and fish-to-fish passive immunization experiments supports the concept of using therapeutic Abs (of piscine and other vertebrate origin) in aquaculture. Traditional Ab formats (IgG, IgM) are expensive and laborious to produce; however, the introduction of new rAb fragments and single-domain Abs have reinvigorated the concept of passive immunization. This review will focus primarily on farmed salmonids (salmon and trout) within a comparative context and will give an overview of the basic principles and scientific premises for the passive immunization strategy, including existing and emerging Ab therapeutics.
Entrepreneurship management skills requirements in an emerging economy: A South African outlook
Authors: Mamabolo M. Anastacia , Kerrin Myres , Kele Tumo 
Published: May 2017

<strong>Background:</strong> Entrepreneurship is seen as a driver of sustainable economic growth as entrepreneurs create new businesses and employment. Because entrepreneurship contributes to economic growth, it is important to have the skills needed to be successful in business venturing.<p><strong>Aim:</strong> This study’s aim was to determine skills required by South African entrepreneurs to run their businesses.</p><p><strong>Setting:</strong> Entrepreneurs who own and run businesses in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> A sequential exploratory mixed method research design was applied in the study. Phase I, which consisted of qualitative interviews with 15 entrepreneurs and 6 national experts, resulted in skills that were used to develop a survey instrument. A survey was conducted in Phase II on 235 entrepreneurs to confirm the skills to a larger population.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that entrepreneurs require financial management, human resource management, start-up, social and interpersonal, leadership, personality, marketing, technical and business management skills.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The identified skills through empirical research will be instrumental in the training of entrepreneurs and as a tool to measure skills in future entrepreneurship skills research.</p>
Extra-pituitary Cerebral Anomalies in Pediatric Patients of Ectopic Neurohypophysis: An Uncommon Association
Authors: Boruah Deb K , Sanyal Shantiranjan , Prakash Arjun , Achar Sashidhar , Yadav Rajanikant R , Pravakaran T , Dhingani Dhaval D , Sarmah Barun K 
Published: May 2017

Context:Ectopic neurohypophysis (EN) refers to an interrupted, nonvisualized, and thinned out pituitary stalk with ectopic location of the posterior pituitary gland. Concurrent extra-pituitary cerebral and extra-cranial anomalies have been rarely reported in patients of EN.Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of extra-pituitary cerebral anomalies in pediatric patients of EN.Settings and Design:A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center.Subjects and Methods:The study group comprised eight pediatric patients of EN associated with extra-pituitary cerebral or vascular anomalies. Clinical and biochemical assessment was done in all patients.Results:Out of the total eight patients with EN, MRI showed interrupted pituitary stalk in five patients (62.5%) and nonvisible pituitary stalk in three patients (37.5%). Ectopic posterior pituitary bright spot was demonstrated in median eminence in six patients (75%), faintly visualized in one patient (12.5%) and nonvisualized in another one patient. Statistical significant association was noted between pituitary gland height and patient's body height with the pituitary gland volume (P< 0.001). Varied extra-pituitary cerebral anomalies encountered in our patients ranged from isolated anomalies such as optic nerve hypoplasia in three patients (37.5%), corpus callosum dysplasia in four patients (50%), agyria-pachygyria complex in two patients (25%), and intracranial vascular anomalies in two patients to syndromic association of tuberous sclerosis in one patient.Conclusion:Identifying and reporting of associated extra-pituitary cerebral anomalies in patients with EN are crucial in assessing the overall neurological outcome of such patients.
Designing natural gesture interaction for archaeological data in immersive environments
Authors: Albertini Niccolò , Brogni Andrea , Olivito Riccardo , Taccola Emanuele , Caramiaux Baptiste , Gillies Marco 
Published: May 2017

<p>Archaeological data are heterogeneous, making it difficult to correlate and combine different types. Datasheets and pictures, stratigraphic data and 3D models, time and space mixed together: these are only a few of the categories a researcher has to deal with. New technologies may be able to help in this process and trying to solve research related problems needs innovative solutions. In this paper, we describe the whole process for the design and development of a prototype application that uses an Immersive Virtual Reality system to acces archaeological excavation3Ddata through the Gesture Variation Follower (GVF) algorithm. This makes it possible to recognise which gesture is being performed and how it is performed. Archaeologist shave participated actively in the design of the interface and the set of gestures used for triggering the different tasks. Interactive machine learning techniques have been used for the real time detection of the gestures. As a case study the agora of Segesta (Sicily, Italy) has been selected. Indeed, due to the complex architectural features and the still ongoing fieldwork activities, Segesta represents an ideal context where to test and develop a research approach integrating both traditional and more innovative tools and methods.</p>
Are Cross Border Acquisitions More Profitable, or Do They Make Profit More Persistent, than Domestic Acquisitions? UK Evidence
Authors: Adedeji Abimbola , Ayoush Maha D. 
Published: May 2017

Cross border acquisitions were relatively more popular than domestic acquisitions in the UK and many other countries during late 1990s and the beginning of this century (Martynova and Renneboog, 2008, among others). Apart from attributing it to the wave of globalisation that occurred at the time, hardly any other reason has been given for this phenomenon in the literature. In this paper, we check whether cross border acquisitions were more profitable than domestic acquisitions to bidders, or whether cross border acquisitions made the profitability of bidders to be more persistent than domestic acquisitions, during the period referred to above. Evidence observed from a sample of 199 cross border, and 174 domestic, acquisitions made by firms in the UK during 1996-2003 shows that the cross border acquisitions were significantly less profitable, and that they did not make the profitability of the bidders significantly more persistent, than the domestic acquisitions. These indications are similar to those of the US evidence reported by Moeller and Schlingemann (2005) and raise questions about why cross border acquisitions were relatively more popular than domestic acquisitions during the period referred to above.
Social Identity in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Barker Alex B. , Lincoln Nadina B. , Hunt Nigel , dasNair Roshan 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Mood disorders are highly prevalent in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). MS causes changes to a person's sense of self. The Social Identity Model of Identity Change posits that group membership can have a positive effect on mood during identity change. The family is a social group implicated in adjustment to MS. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether family identity can predict mood in people with MS and to test whether this prediction was mediated by social support and connectedness to others.

Methods:
This cross-sectional survey of 195 participants comprised measures of family identity, family social support, connectedness to others, and mood.

Results:
Family identity predicted mood both directly and indirectly through parallel mediators of family social support and connectedness to others.

Conclusions:
Family identity predicted mood as posited by the Social Identity Model of Identity Change. Involving the family in adjustment to MS could reduce low mood.
Novel Sn Doped Co3O4 Thin Film for Nonenzymatic Glucose Bio‐Sensor and Fuel Cell
Authors: Chowdhury Mahabubur , Ossinga Carelle , Cummings Franscious , Chamier Jessica , Kebede Mesfin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA facile chemical solution deposition via two‐step spin coating technique was used to fabricate nano‐particulate novel Sn doped Co3O4 thin film for glucose sensor and fuel cell applications. Substitution of Sn into Co3O4 host lattice lead to a remarkable increase in the electrocatalytic activity of the Co3O4 electrode material. Film thickness played a significant role in enhancing the charge transferability of the electrode as was observed from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The best sensor exhibited two wide linear response ranges (2 μM up to ∼0.5 mM and 0.6 mM up to ∼5.5 mM respectively) with sensitivities of 921 and 265 μA cm−2 mM−1 respectively and low limit of detection of 100 nM (S/N=3). The sensor was very selective towards glucose in the presence of various interference and showed long term stability. Moreover, the developed thin film modified electrode could generate one electron current in nonenzymatic fuel cell setup at room temperature.
Rough‐Surface‐Enabled Capacitive Pressure Sensors with 3D Touch Capability
Authors: Lee Kilsoo , Lee Jaehong , Kim Gwangmook , Kim Youngjae , Kang Subin , Cho Sungjun , Kim SeulGee , Kim Jae‐Kang , Lee Wooyoung , Kim Dae‐Eun , Kang Shinill , Kim DaeEun , Lee Taeyoon , Shim Wooyoung 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFabrication strategies that pursue “simplicity” for the production process and “functionality” for a device, in general, are mutually exclusive. Therefore, strategies that are less expensive, less equipment‐intensive, and consequently, more accessible to researchers for the realization of omnipresent electronics are required. Here, this study presents a conceptually different approach that utilizes the inartificial design of the surface roughness of paper to realize a capacitive pressure sensor with high performance compared with sensors produced using costly microfabrication processes. This study utilizes a writing activity with a pencil and paper, which enables the construction of a fundamental capacitor that can be used as a flexible capacitive pressure sensor with high pressure sensitivity and short response time and that it can be inexpensively fabricated over large areas. Furthermore, the paper‐based pressure sensors are integrated into a fully functional 3D touch‐pad device, which is a step toward the realization of omnipresent electronics.
O(N) invariance of the multi-field bounce
Authors: Blum Kfir , Honda Masazumi , Sato Ryosuke , Takimoto Masahiro , Tobioka Kohsaku 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In his 1977 paper on vacuum decay in field theory: The Fate of the False Vacuum, Coleman considered the problem of a single scalar field and assumed that the minimum action tunnelling field configuration, the bounce, is invariant under O(4) rotations in Euclidean space. A proof of the O(4) invariance of the bounce was provided later by Coleman, Glaser, and Martin (CGM), who extended the proof to N > 2 Euclidean dimensions but, again, restricted non-trivially to a single scalar field. As far as we know a proof of O(N) invariance of the bounce for the tunnelling problem with multiple scalar fields has not been reported in the QFT literature, even though it was assumed in many works since. We make progress towards closing this gap. Following CGM we define the reduced problem of finding a field configuration minimizing the kinetic energy at fixed potential energy. Given a solution of the reduced problem, the minimum action bounce can always be obtained from it by means of a scale transformation. We show that if a solution of the reduced problem exists, then it and the minimum action bounce derived from it are indeed O(N) symmetric. We review complementary results in the mathematical literature that established the existence of a minimizer under specified criteria.
Lipid Droplets: Formation to Breakdown
Authors: Meyers Alex , Weiskittel Taylor M. , Dalhaimer Paul 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOne of the most exciting areas of cell biology during the last decade has been the study of lipid droplets. Lipid droplets allow cells to store non‐polar molecules such as neutral lipids in specific compartments where they are sequestered from the aqueous environment of the cell yet can be accessed through regulated mechanisms. These structures are highly conserved, appearing in organisms throughout the phylogenetic tree. Until somewhat recently, lipid droplets were widely regarded as inert, however progress in the field has continued to demonstrate their vast roles in a number of cellular processes in both mitotic and post‐mitotic cells. No doubt the increase in the attention given to lipid droplet research is due to their central role in current pressing human diseases such as obesity, type‐2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. This review provides a mechanistic timeline from neutral lipid synthesis through lipid droplet formation and size augmentation to droplet breakdown.
Hydrolysis of Phosphatidylcholine‐Isoprostanes (PtdCho‐IP) by Peripheral Human Group IIA, V and X Secretory Phospholipases A2 (sPLA2)
Authors: Kuksis Arnis , Pruzanski Waldemar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBiologically active F‐ and E/D‐type‐prostane ring isomers (F2‐IP and E2/D2‐IP, respectively) are produced in situ by non‐enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid esterified to GroPCho (PtdCho‐IP) and are universally distributed in tissue lipoproteins and cell membranes. Previous work has shown that platelet‐activating factor acetylhydrolases (PAF‐AH) are the main endogenous PLA2 involved in degradation of PtdCho‐IP. The present study shows that the PtdCho‐IP are also subject to hydrolysis by group IIA, V and X secretory PLA2, which also have a wide peripheral tissue distribution. For this demonstration, we compared the LC/MS profiles of PtdCho‐IP of auto‐oxidized plasma lipoproteins after incubation for 1–4 h (37 °C) in the absence or presence of recombinant human sPLA2 (1–2.5 µg/ml). In the absence of exogenously added sPLA2 the total PtdCho‐IP level after 4 h incubation reached 15.9, 21.6 and 8.7 nmol/mg protein of LDL, HDL and HDL3, respectively. In the presence of group V or group X sPLA2 (2.5 µg/ml), the PtdCho‐IP was completely hydrolyzed in 1 h, while in the presence of group IIA sPLA2 (2.5 µg/ml) the hydrolysis was less than 25% in 4 h, although it was complete after 8–24 h incubation. This report provides the first demonstration that PtdCho‐IP are readily hydrolyzed by group IIA, V and X sPLA2. A co‐location of sPLA2 and the substrates in various tissues has been recorded. Thus, the initiation of interaction and production of isoprostanes in situ are highly probable.
The RNA Modification N
6-Methyladenosine and Its Implications in Human Disease
Authors: Batista Pedro J. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Impaired gene regulation lies at the heart of many disorders, including developmental diseases and cancer. Furthermore, the molecular pathways that control gene expression are often the target of cellular parasites, such as viruses. Gene expression is controlled through multiple mechanisms that are coordinated to ensure the proper and timely expression of each gene. Many of these mechanisms target the life cycle of the RNA molecule, from transcription to translation. Recently, another layer of regulation at the RNA level involving RNA modifications has gained renewed interest of the scientific community. The discovery that N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a modification present in mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, can be removed by the activity of RNA demethylases, launched the field of epitranscriptomics; the study of how RNA function is regulated through the addition or removal of post-transcriptional modifications, similar to strategies used to regulate gene expression at the DNA and protein level. The abundance of RNA post-transcriptional modifications is determined by the activity of writer complexes (methylase) and eraser (RNA demethylase) proteins. Subsequently, the effects of RNA modifications materialize as changes in RNA structure and/or modulation of interactions between the modified RNA and RNA binding proteins or regulatory RNAs. Disruption of these pathways impairs gene expression and cellular function. This review focuses on the links between the RNA modification m6A and its implications in human diseases.