bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacologic evaluation of delayed long-acting cabotegravir administration among cisgender women in HPTN 084
Authors: Marzinke Mark A. , Han Kelong , Hanscom Brett , Guo Xu , Piwowar-Manning Estelle , Hendrix Craig W. , Rose Scott , Spooner Elizabeth , Mathew Carrie , Innes Steven , Sekabira Rogers , Mutambanengwe Mercy , Rooney James F. , Rinehart Alex R. , Adeyeye Adeola , Cohen Myron S. , Hosseinipour Mina , Ford Susan L. , Delany-Moretlwe Sinead 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

HPTN 084 demonstrated the superiority of long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) compared with daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate–emtricitabine (F/TDF) for HIV prevention in women. CAB-LA (600 mg) or placebo injections were administered 4 weeks after an initial dose (loading dose) and every 2 months (Q2M) thereafter; this is the approved regimen. Participants experienced both loading dose and Q2M delays during the trial. CAB concentrations were evaluated before a delay, at the visit associated with the delay, and the visit after a delayed injection was administered. During the blinded phase of the trial, 194 participants randomized to CAB-LA experienced at least one injection delay. Plasma CAB concentrations were maintained above the 4× protein adjusted 90% inhibitory concentration (4× PA-IC
90
; protocol-specific threshold) for all loading dose and 98% of Q2M delays when injections were administered up to 6 weeks late. The feasibility of shifting to an every 3-month (Q3M) regimen in females was interrogated via simulation studies using a population pharmacokinetic model. Q3M injections in both CAB-naïve (with a loading dose) and previously CAB-exposed females were predicted to yield higher steady-state exposures than in males on the approved Q2M regimen. Although there is observed forgiveness following an isolated delayed CAB-LA injection and simulations suggest acceptable CAB-LA exposures in women with a 600 mg CAB-LA Q3M regimen, empirical efficacy of this regimen has not been established, and transitioning to this dosing schema is not recommended. Future pharmacokinetic bridging studies are aimed at evaluating higher dose CAB-LA formulations administered less frequently.

CLINICAL TRIALS

This study is registered with

ClinicalTrials.gov
as
NCT03164564

.
Integrating short- and full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to elucidate microbiome profiles in Pacific white shrimp (
Litopenaeus vannamei
) ponds
Authors: Rajonhson Dora M. , Angthong Pacharaporn , Thepsuwan Timpika , Sutheeworapong Sawannee , Satanwat Penpicha , Tapaneeyaworawong Paveena , Powtongsook Sorawit , Kruasuwan Worarat , Jenjaroenpun Piroon , Wongsurawat Thidathip , Chaiyapechara Sage , Rungrassamee Wanilada 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Despite their immense economic value as a key aquaculture species, the production of Pacific white shrimp (
Litopenaeus vannamei
) faces significant challenges from intensive farming practices and disease outbreaks. Routine microbial profiling for disease surveillance could be a promising approach to anticipate and control disease outbreaks. To achieve this, accuracy in microbial profiling in shrimp ponds is crucial for enabling targeted action and prevention. Extensive documentation emphasizes that, beyond biological factors (related to the host, diet, or health status during the rearing period), technical elements, including sequencing techniques significantly influence bacterial community profiling. This study investigated the influence of short- and long-read sequencing of 16S rRNA genes on the microbial profiles in shrimp intestines, water, and sediments. The origin of the samples (intestine or environmental) in shrimp culture ponds primarily drove the observed differences in core microbial species. The ecological niches accounted for 56% of bacterial community variations in culture ponds. Both sequencing approaches showed consistent results in identifying higher-rank taxa and assessing alpha and beta diversity. However, at the species level, full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences provided better resolution than V3–V4 sequences. For routine microbial profiling in shrimp culture ponds, our study suggests that short-read sequences were sufficient for determining overall bacterial community.

IMPORTANCE

This interdisciplinary study investigated the influence of sequencing techniques on bacterial communities profiling within Pacific white shrimp (
Litopenaeus vannamei
) ponds. By integrating aquaculture, microbiology, and environmental science, we revealed the role of ecological niches and factors like salinity and pH on microbiota diversity and composition in shrimp intestines, pond water, and sediment. Additionally, we compared the taxonomic resolution using partial versus full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences, highlighting the value of longer amplicons for precise identification of key taxa. These findings provide novel insights into microbial dynamics underlying environmental effects in shrimp aquaculture. Comprehensive characterization of the pond microbiome could lead to management strategies that promote shrimp health and productivity. Furthermore, the potential of a multi-omics approach for integrating complementary data streams to elucidate environment-microbiome-host interactions was highlighted.
Ultrasonic interrogation of a clayey tailings during sedimentation–consolidation
Authors: Peruga Hirlatu , Khanlarian Misagh , Cascante Giovanni , Simms Paul 
Published: September 2024

Ultrasonic methods are used for non-destructive detection of changes of low-strain properties in concrete, soils, and other materials. This paper presents the use of ultrasonics to detect density and structure changes in a soft clayey tailings. Such tailings undergo sedimentation and consolidation following their deposition, which may occur simultaneously with flocculation and other fabric-altering processes, resulting in time-dependent consolidation characteristics. Here we attempt to measure structural changes in the clayey tailings using ultrasonics, which presents several challenges due to the material’s relative softness. Ultrasonics testing was attempted using a special 3D printed column with height and diameter of 540 and 110 mm, respectively. Specially fabricated sample holders were designed to repeatedly ensure proper connections of compression (P-wave) and shear (S-wave) wave transducers. The arrival time corresponding to the largest P-wave amplitude showed a strong correlation with density of the tailings, while a specific frequency bandwidth of the P-wave spectra indicates an increase in wave amplitude (signal energy) occurring subsequent to most of the volume change. Ultrasonic measurements appear to be a promising technique to monitor density and stiffness in soft clays, tailings, and similar soft sediments.
New charged anisotropic solution in f(Q)-gravity and effect of non-metricity and electric charge parameters on constraining maximum mass of self-gravitating objects
Authors: Maurya S. K. , Ashraf Asifa , Al Khayari Fadhila , Mustafa G. , Jasim M. K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the present article, A new class of singularity-free charged anisotropic stars is derived in f(Q)-gravity regime. To solve the field equations, we assume a particular form of anisotropy along with an electric field and obtain a new exact solution in f(Q)-gravity. The explicit mathematical expression for the model parameters is derived by the smooth joining of the obtained solutions with the exterior Reissner–Nordstrom de-Sitter solution across the bounding surface of a compact star along with the requirement that the radial pressure vanishes at the boundary. We have modeled four self-gravitating pulsar objects such as LMC X-4, PSR J1903+327, PSR J1614-2230, and GW190814 in our current study and predict the radii of these objects that fall between 8 and 10 km. Furthermore, the physical validity of the solution is performed for self-gravitating object PSR J1614-2230 with mass $$1.97\pm 0.04~M_{\odot }$$

1.97
±
0.04

M
⊙

with radius 10 km. The solution successfully fulfills all the physical requirements along with the stability and hydrostatic equilibrium conditions for a well-behaved model. The non-metricity f(Q)-parameter $$\chi _{_1}$$

χ

1

and electric charge parameter $$\eta $$
η
play an important role in the maximum mass of the objects. The maximum mass increases when $$\chi _{_1}$$

χ

1

and $$\eta $$
η
increase but a non-collapsing stable object can be obtained when $$\chi _{_1}\le 0.0205$$

χ

1

≤
0.0205

and $$\eta \le 0.0006$$

η
≤
0.0006

.
Quasinormal modes, thermodynamics and shadow of black holes in Hu–Sawicki $$\varvec{f(R)}$$ gravity theory
Authors: Karmakar Ronit , Goswami Umananda Dev 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe derive novel black hole solutions in a modified gravity theory, namely the Hu–Sawicki model of f(R) gravity. After obtaining the black hole solution, we study the horizon radius of the black hole from the metric and then analyse the dependence of the model parameters on the horizon. We then use the 6th order WKB method to study the quasinormal modes of oscillations (QNMs) of the black hole perturbed by a scalar field. The dependence of the amplitude and damping part of the QNMs are analysed with respect to variations in model parameters and the error associated with the QNMs are also computed. After that we study some thermodynamic properties associated with the black hole such as its thermodynamic temperature as well as greybody factors. It is found that the black hole has the possibility of showcasing negative temperatures and is thermodynamically unstable for feasible values of model parameters. Then we analyse the geodesics and derive the photon sphere radius as well as the shadow radius of the black hole. The photon radius is independent of the model parameters while shadow radius showed fair amount of dependence on the model parameters. We tried to constrain the parameters with the help of Keck and VLTI observational data and obtained some bounds on m and $$c_{2}$$

c
2

parameters.
Electrodeposition of Ti in molten AF–ACl–A3TiF6 (A = Li, Na, K)
Authors: Norikawa Yutaro , Nohira Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2024

Electrochemical behaviors of Ti(III) ions and electrodeposition of Ti were investigated in molten AF–ACl–A3TiF6 (A = Li, Na, K) at 973 K. Redox currents corresponding to Ti(III)/Ti(0) and Ti(IV)/Ti(III) reactions were observed by cyclic voltammetry. The redox potentials of the reactions with reference to Cl2/Cl− and F2/F−
were most positive for the Li system, followed by the Na system, and most negative for the K system. The differences in the potential can be explained by the interactions of alkali cations and F- ions; smaller cations interact more strongly with F−, resulting in a weaker interaction between Ti(III) ions and F- ions. As a result, the electrochemical stability of TiF6
3− decreased. The electrodeposited Ti was confirmed to be crystalline by XRD, and the orientation of the Ti crystals differed depending on the molten salt.
Evaluating the Color Matching Ability of a Smart Chromatic Technology–Based Composite Resin for Premolar Teeth Restoration
Authors: Fathpour Kamyar , Salehi Alaleh , Samimi Pouran , Fathi Amirhossein 
Published: September 2024

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the color‐matching ability of OMNICHROMA composite, a single‐shade composite, using the CIE L∗a∗b∗ system and determining ΔE values.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 30 intact premolar teeth were collected, cleaned, and disinfected with 0.5% thymol solution. The teeth were stored in distilled water at 37°C. A putty index calibrated the color assessment sites on buccal and lingual surfaces. Two cavities were prepared, one with 1.25 mm depth (enamel) and another with 2.25 mm depth (dentin), and restored using OMNICHROMA composite resin. The putty index measured the color of the cured composite, and ΔE between the composite and original tooth color was calculated.Statistical analysis: Data analysis included t‐tests, correlation coefficients, and Fisher’s exact test (α = 0.05).Results: The mean ΔE was 2.39 in enamel cavities and 2.32 in dentin cavities, both within the clinically acceptable range (<3.3). In enamel cavities, the composite color was darker than the tooth, shifting toward green and blue shades. In dentin cavities, the composite color was lighter than the tooth, with shifts toward green and yellow shades. Color matching was slightly better in dentin cavities, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.719).Conclusion: OMNICHROMA composite resin’s color matching falls within the clinically acceptable range, unaffected by cavity depth.
Proteolysis Assays With Conserved or Aminofluorescein‐Labeled Red Blood Cells
Authors: Al-Essa Mohamed K. , Al-Qudah Tamara , Al Hadidi Akram Kamal A. , Alshubbak Nida’a H. 
Published: September 2024

Backgrounds: Various physiological functions and reaction cascades, as well as disease progression in the living systems, are controlled by the activity of specific proteolytic enzymes. We conducted the study to evaluate protease activity by assessing peptide fragments from either conserved or labeled red blood cells (RBCs) with aminofluorescein (AF) in the reaction media.Methods: RBCs were incubated in media containing trypsin. Subsequently, the concentration of peptide fragments in the reaction media, resulted by the digestion with trypsin from conserved cells, was estimated by 3‐(4‐carboxybenzoyl)quinoline‐2‐carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) as an amine‐reactive fluorogenic reagent. In a second approach, we conjugated AF to the conserved RBCs and then exposed AF‐labeled RBCs to trypsin. This was followed by directly measuring the fluorescence intensity (FI) in the reaction media to estimate the concentration of AF‐labeled peptide fragments resulting from the enzyme’s activity.Results: Show a concentration‐ and time‐dependent increase in FIs, reflecting the activity of trypsin as a proteolytic enzyme. The FIs increased significantly by 4 to 5 folds in samples treated with different enzyme concentrations, and by over 11 folds after 2 h incubation in media containing a 50 μL trypsin, as evidenced by CBQCA assays.Conclusion: These fast and affordable approaches could be applied with high reliability for the general estimation of protease activity in samples and customized for diagnostic purposes and prognostic evaluation in various diseases.
Visualizing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Derived Inflammation in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Lou Lanlan , Detering Lisa , Luehmann Hannah , Amrute Junedh M. , Sultan Deborah , Ma Pan , Li Alexandria , Lahad Divangana , Bredemeyer Andrea , Zhang Xiuli , Heo Gyu Seong , Lavine Kory , Liu Yongjian 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) usage has resulted in immune-related adverse events in patients with cancer, such as accelerated atherosclerosis. Of immune cells involved in atherosclerosis, the role of CCR2+ (CC motif chemokine receptor 2-positive) proinflammatory macrophages is well documented. However, there is no noninvasive approach to determine the changes of these cells in vivo following ICI treatment and explore the underlying mechanisms of immune-related adverse events. Herein, we aim to use a CCR2 (CC motif chemokine receptor 2)–targeted radiotracer and positron emission tomography (PET) to assess the aggravated inflammatory response caused by ICI treatment in mouse atherosclerosis models and explore the mechanism of immune-related adverse events.

METHODS:

Apoe

−/−

mice and
Ldlr

−/−

mice were treated with an ICI, anti-PD1 (programmed cell death protein 1) antibody, and compared with those injected with either isotype control IgG or saline. The radiotracer
64
Cu-DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)-ECL1i (extracellular loop 1 inverso) was used for PET imaging of CCR2+ macrophages. Atherosclerotic arteries were collected for molecular characterization.

RESULTS:

CCR2 PET revealed significantly higher radiotracer uptake in both
Apoe

−/−

and
Ldlr

−/−

mice treated with anti-PD1 compared with the control groups. The increased expression of CCR2+ cells in
Apoe

−/−

and
Ldlr

−/−

mice was confirmed by immunostaining and flow cytometry. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed elevated expression of CCR2 in myeloid cells. Mechanistically, IFNγ (interferon gamma) was essential for aggravated inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque progression following anti-PD1 treatment.

CONCLUSIONS:

Accelerated atherosclerotic plaque inflammation triggered by anti-PD1 treatment can be noninvasively detected by
64
Cu-DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)-ECL1i (extracellular loop 1 inverso) PET. Aggravated plaque inflammation is time- and dose-dependent and predominately mediated by IFNγ signaling. This study warrants further investigation of CCR2 PET as a noninvasive approach to visualize atherosclerotic plaque inflammation and explore the underlying mechanism following ICI treatment.
Maternal Hypertension and Fecundability: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Xiong Wenxue , Han Lu , Tang Xijia , Li Rui , Chen Wen , Liu Xiaohua , Nie Hua , Qin Weibing , Ling Li 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
The association of hypertension and blood pressure control with fecundability among women is not yet elucidated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that maternal preconception hypertension would be associated with reduced fecundability and that blood pressure control could reduce excess risk.

METHODS:
Using the National Free Preconception Checkup Projects in Guangdong Province, China, 1422 couples whose female partners had been diagnosed with hypertension and 997 703 reference couples whose female partners were without hypertension were included in this prospective cohort study. Fecundability was measured by time to pregnancy (TTP) and infertility (TTP >12 months).

RESULTS:

Compared with women without hypertension, those with controlled hypertension (time ratio, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.24–1.73]) or uncontrolled hypertension (time ratio, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.34–1.90]) were associated with prolonged TTP and increased risk of infertility (relative risk, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.09–1.31]; relative risk, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.14–1.34]). However, using instrumental variable analyses, there was no significant association between blood pressure control and TTP (time ratio, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.34–1.36];
P
=0.270) or infertility (relative risk, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.70–1.34];
P
=0.849) among women with hypertension. These results were consistent in the propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting analyses.

CONCLUSIONS:
Maternal hypertension, with or without controlled blood pressure, was independently associated with prolonged TTP and an increased risk of infertility. These findings may provide insights for the implementation of preconception hypertension screening and the design of future trials.
Brain morphometry and chronic inflammation in Bangladeshi children growing up in extreme poverty
Authors: Turesky Ted K. , Pirazzoli Laura , Shama Talat , Kakon Shahria Hafiz , Haque Rashidul , Islam Nazrul , Someshwar Amala , Gagoski Borjan , Petri Jr. William A. , Nelson Charles A. , Gaab Nadine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Over three hundred million children live in environments of extreme poverty, and the biological and psychosocial hazards endemic to these environments often expose these children to infection, disease, and inflammatory responses. Chronic inflammation in early childhood has been associated with diminished cognitive outcomes, and despite this established relationship, the mechanisms explaining how inflammation affects brain development are not well known. Importantly, the prevalence of chronic inflammation in areas of extreme poverty raises the possibility that it may also serve as a mechanism explaining the known relationship between low socioeconomic status (SES) and altered brain development. To examine these potential pathways, seventy-nine children growing up in an extremely poor, urban area of Bangladesh underwent MRI scanning at 6 years of age. Structural brain images were submitted to Mindboggle software, a Docker-compliant and high-reproducibility tool for regional estimations of volume, surface area, cortical thickness, sulcal depth, and mean curvature. C-reactive protein was assayed at eight time points between infancy and 5 years of age, and the frequency with which children had elevated concentrations of inflammatory marker represented the measure of chronic inflammation. Childhood SES was measured with maternal education and income-to-needs (i.e., monthly household income divided by the number of household members). Chronic inflammation predicted volume in bilateral basal ganglia structures and mediated the link between maternal education and bilateral putamen volumes. These findings suggest that chronic inflammation is associated with brain morphometry in the basal ganglia, predominantly the putamen, and further offers inflammation as a potential mechanism linking SES to brain development.
Effects of fumonisin B1 on gene-specific DNA methylation related to cancer pathways of p53 signalling and PI3K/Akt signalling in human kidney cells
Authors: Omerustaoglu Bayoglu S. , Karaman E.F. , Ozden S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1), which is emerged by contamination of corn and similar products with Fusarium species, causes a high risk for human and animal health. FB1 shows hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, immunotoxic and teratogenic effects. FB1 has also been linked to carcinogenesis processes that are unrelated to genotoxic pathways. Our goal was to investigate the role of gene-specific DNA methylation and expression of tumour suppressor genes in the toxicity of FB1 in human kidney (HK-2) cells. Using array panels, effects of FB1 exposure (10-100 μM) for 24 h on methylation levels of tumour suppressor genes were investigated. ToppGene Suite (Toppfun) portal was used to perform gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) and Reactome enrichment studies. The most of the genes were hypermethylated significantly at 100 μM concentrations of FB1. These results are consistent with the expression results which downregulate the selected genes of CD44, CDKN1A, CDKN2B, CTNNB1, MYC and p16. Functional enrichment analysis further elucidated the molecular mechanisms of FB1 in cancer-related pathways especially p53 signalling and PI3K/Akt signaling. It has been expected that the present study could contribute to the studies on the mechanisms that play a role in FB1 induced carcinogenesis.