bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guinea pig spermatozoa adhesion to an immobilized fibronectin matrix alters their physiology and increases their survival
Authors: Jorge-Cruz Coral Y , Roa-Espitia Ana L , Hernández-González Enrique O 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Isthmus is the region of the oviduct considered a reservoir for spermatozoa, where they are retained and released synchronously with ovulation. Integrins mediate this interaction, and it is suggested that they regulate the viability and capacitation of spermatozoa. Spermatozoa retained in the oviductal epithelial cells show specific characteristics: normal morphology, intact acrosome and plasma membrane, no DNA fragmentation, and low levels of intracellular Ca2+, and protein phosphorylation at Tyr. This work aimed to define spermatozoa’s ability to adhere to an immobilized fibronectin matrix and its effects on their viability and capacitation. We found that guinea pig spermatozoa showed a high affinity for adhering to an immobilized fibronectin matrix but not to those made up of type 1 collagen or laminin. This interaction was mediated by integrins that recognize the RGD domain. Spermatozoa adhered to an immobilized fibronectin matrix were maintained in a state of low capacitation: low levels of intracellular concentration of Ca2+, protein phosphorylation in Tyr, and F-actin. Also, spermatozoa kept their plasma membrane and acrosome intact, flagellum beating and showed low activation of caspases 3/7. The spermatozoa adhered to the immobilized fibronectin matrix, gradually detached, forming rosettes and did not undergo a spontaneous acrosomal reaction but were capable of experiencing a progesterone-induced acrosomal reaction. In conclusion, the adhesion of spermatozoa to an immobilized fibronectin matrix alters the physiology of the spermatozoa, keeping them in a steady state of capacitation, increasing their viability in a similar way to what was reported for spermatozoa adhered to oviductal epithelial cells.
Interventions Targeting the Mental Health and Well-being of Care-Experienced Children and Young People: Mixed-Methods Systematic Review with Stakeholder Consultation to Inform Transportability and Adaptability to UK Context
Authors: Evans Rhiannon , MacDonald Sarah , Trubey Rob , Melendez-Torres G J , Robling Michael , Willis Simone , Boffey Maria , Wooders Charlotte , Vinnicombe Soo , Noyes Jane 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Care-experienced children and young people are at increased risk of poor mental health and well-being, and suicide-related outcomes. There is an evidence-base for intervention effectiveness, but this is primarily from the USA. The present systematic review synthesised evidence for international interventions, exploring potential transportability and adaptability to the UK. We constructed an evidence map, and syntheses of intervention effectiveness, process evaluations and economic evaluations. We conducted seven stakeholder consultations with care-experienced young people, carers and professionals, to appraise transportability and adaptability. We identified sixty-four interventions, with 124 associated study reports. Seventy-seven were from the USA. There was limited effectiveness in targeting mental health, although there were promising approaches. Few approaches targeted well-being and suicide. Context factors, identified by the review and confirmed by stakeholders, may inhibit delivery: insufficient resources; time, emotional and cognitive burden; challenging interprofessional relationships; non-responsiveness to young people’s needs; and discounting of carers’ knowledge. Stakeholders recommended peer mentoring by other care-experienced individuals and system-change models that facilitate an attachment and/or trauma-informed ethos. Adaptation of existing approaches may be required to account for the context factors. Further intervention work is needed to target well-being and suicide.
Clinical and genetic landscape of optic atrophy in 826 families: insights from 50 nuclear genes
Authors: Zheng Yuxi , Wang Panfeng , Li Shiqiang , Long Yuxi , Jiang Yi , Guo Dongwei , Jia Xiaoyun , Liu Mengchu , Zeng Yiyan , Xiao Xueshan , Hejtmancik J Fielding , Zhang Qingjiong , Sun Wenmin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Hereditary optic neuropathies (HON) are a group of diseases due to genetic defects either in mitochondria or in nuclear genomes. The increasing availability of genetic testing has expanded a broader genetic and phenotypic spectrum of HON than previously recognized. To provide systematic insight into the genetic and phenotypic landscape of HON attributed to 50 nuclear genes, we conducted genetic analysis on part of 4776 index patients with clinical diagnosis of HON following our previous study on 1516 probands with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial DNA variants. Exome sequencing was performed in 473 patients diagnosed with nuclear gene-related HON (nHON) and 353 cases with unsolved LHON. Sequencing and variant interpretation in 50 causative nuclear genes indicated that the diagnostic yield of exome sequencing for nHON was 31.50% (149/473), while it was markedly lower at 1.42% (5/353) for LHON patients without primary mtDNA mutations. The top five implicated genes causing nHON in our in-house cohort, OPA1, WFS1, FDXR, ACO2, and AFG3L2, account for 82.46% of mutations. Although OPA1 was the most prevalent causative gene of nHON in both our cohort (53.25%) and literature review (37.09%), the prevalence of OPA1, WFS1, and FDXR differed significantly between our in-house cohort and the literature review (P-adjusted&lt;0.001). Fundus changes in nHON could be stratified into three categories, the most common is optic atrophy at the examination (78.79%), the rarest is LHON-like optic atrophy (3.64%), and the intermediate is optic atrophy with concurrent retinal degeneration (17.57%), which was an independent risk factor for visual prognosis in nHON. A systematic genotype-phenotype analysis highlighted different genetic contributions for ocular, extraocular neurological, and extraocular non-neurological phenotypes. In addition, systemic variant analysis at the individual gene level suggested a revised interpretation of the pathogenicity of a WFS1 heterozygous truncation variant.
This study provides a panoramic summary of both the genetic and phenotypic profiles of HON in real-world studies and literature. The category for nHON fundus phenotypes is built for future studies on molecular mechanisms underlying HON and targeted therapies. In addition to routine ophthalmic examinations, careful examination of the extraocular symptoms and meaningful genetic counseling are warranted for patients with nHON.
Applications and analyses of ammonia slip control based on precise ammonia injection technologies guided by big data
Authors: Cao Lili , Zhang Jun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
After the implementation of ultra-low emission policies, the pollutant emissions from the coal-fired power generation systems in China have been further reduced, which creates more critical requirements for the control accuracies of denitrification systems using selective catalytic reduction technology and controls of ammonia slip. This article presents big data-based technologies for controlling ammonia slip, through precise ammonia injections, which were applied and demonstrated for a flue gas denitrification system of a Chinese coal-fired power plant. Through examinations and analyses of the basic operating conditions of the unit and parameters, such as NOx emission control efficiency, ammonia injection amount of the denitrification system, and non-uniformity of NOx concentrations in the denitrification zone were compared before and after the implementation of these technologies, the outcome proves that this artificial intelligence algorithm based on big data can effectively solve the automatic control problem of denitrification system under complex working conditions such as varied unit loads, day and night operation changed coal source. In addition to the effective controls of the ammonia slip of the system, the controls of NOx emission of the system become more stabilized, creating a successful example for wider applications of these precise ammonia injection control technologies in the future. Analyses show that NOx non-uniformities can be reduced by more than 50% under both stable and variable load conditions. NOx fluctuations at the unit outlet are tightly controlled within ±10 mg/Nm3 under variable load conditions and within ±5 mg/Nm3 under stable conditions. The average ammonia injection amounts under various load conditions have decreased by 15.7%.
Extending insights from LeDoux: using movies to study subjective, clinically meaningful experiences in neuroscience
Authors: Kirk Peter A , Pine Daniel S , Kircanski Katharina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Neuroscience research with public health relevance to emotional disorders examines brain–behavior relations. Joe LeDoux’s legacy advances these efforts in ways that remain truly unique. While recognized for his basic science research, he also inspires applied researchers, guiding an agenda for clinical scientists: understanding the pathophysiology of altered subjective experiences in emotional disorders. For brain imaging, movie-watching approaches help clinicians realize this agenda due to movies’ relative strength in evoking rich, meaningful subjective experiences. Here, we describe methodological advances in movie-watching paradigms that might sustain LeDoux’s impact by facilitating the discovery of neural mechanisms generating complex emotional responses. Of note, while linking subjective emotion to pathophysiology is a first step, innovations in movie-watching designs, especially involving therapeutic techniques for emotional disorders, can boost clinical application. Leveraging research on pathophysiology to generate novel therapy reflects the clinical legacy sustained through Joe LeDoux’s rousing career.
Comparison of daytime and nighttime supine gastroesophageal reflux by pH monitoring of individuals with clinical suspicion of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: de Pádua Filipe , Herbella Fernando A M , Del Grande Leonardo M , Schlottmann Francisco , Patti Marco G 
Published: October 2024

Summary
This study aims to compare pHmetric characteristics of diurnal and nocturnal supine reflux. We studied 500 consecutive individuals with clinical suspicion of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who underwent esophageal high-resolution manometry and prolonged ambulatory pH monitoring. Patients were classified with supine GERD pattern when the percentage of acid reflux time in the supine position was equal to or greater than 2.2%. Data on acid reflux in the supine position during daytime and nighttime recumbency were: (i) acid exposure time, (ii) number of reflux episodes, (iii) longest reflux episode, (iv) interval between the last meal and the supine position, (v) interval between the supine position and the first acid reflux episode, and (vi) reported symptoms. Of the 500 evaluated patients, 238 (48%) had GERD. Among these, supine pattern was observed in 134 (56%) patients, bipositional in 53 (23%), and orthostatic in 51 (21%). In patients with daytime recumbency, 112 (51% of 217) were pathological refluxers, with a mean DeMeester score of 45 ± 26. Total acid exposure time (P = 0.8) and reported Symptom Index (P = 0.2) did not differ depending on the period, whether diurnal or nocturnal. All other pHmetric parameters were lower during daytime recumbency. In conclusion, diurnal supine reflux has similar acid exposure time and temporal correlation between symptoms and reflux episodes as nocturnal supine reflux. Other pHmetric parameters are lower for diurnal supine reflux.
Psychological factors and blood pressure responses to acute stress in women with takotsubo syndrome: an exploratory study
Authors: Ouaddi Sara , Keirns Natalie G , Lee Sharon Y , Dunsiger Shira , Gathright Emily , Burg Matthew , Breault Christopher , Tripolone Janice , Salmoirago-Blotcher Elena 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
This secondary analysis aimed to (i) describe psychological resources and distress in women with takotsubo syndrome (TS) and (ii) explore whether such factors affect blood pressure (BP) responses to acute mental stress.

Methods and results
Participants were 47 women consecutively enrolled in an ongoing study examining the prognostic significance of stress reactivity in TS. Psychological resources (resilience and adaptive coping) and distress [depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and perceived stress] were self-reported using validated questionnaires &lt;12 weeks after TS. Using a standardized protocol, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) (mmHg) were measured every 5 min during baseline (10 min), mental stress (10 min), and recovery (20 min). Associations of psychological resources and distress (high vs. low composite scores), respectively, with BP during mental stress and recovery (change from baseline), were examined using one-way analyses of covariance (covariates: age and anti-hypertensive medications). Given the study’s exploratory nature, results are shown as effect sizes. On average, women (Mage = 64.3 years) had high perceived stress, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms and low resilience. Women with high (vs. low) psychological distress displayed less complete SBP (d = 0.57) and DBP (d = 0.33) recovery to baseline. Women with low (vs. high) psychological resources demonstrated lower SBP responses during mental stress (d = −0.26) alongside a more complete SBP recovery (d = 0.30).

Conclusion
Female survivors of TS with high psychological distress exhibited impaired BP recovery following acute mental stress. While the prognostic significance of impaired BP recovery from mental stress remains to be determined in longitudinal studies, this finding could help identify TS survivors at risk for recurrence.
Educational differences in alcohol-related morbidity and the role of working conditions: a Swedish register-based cohort study
Authors: Almroth Melody , Hemmingsson Tomas , Falkstedt Daniel , Carlsson Emma , Kjellberg Katarina , Thern Emelie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between education and alcohol-related morbidity and the role that low job control and heavy physical workload play in explaining these associations among men and women in Sweden. This register-based cohort study (SWIP cohort) includes over three million individuals registered in Sweden in 2005. Job control and physical workload were measured using a job exposure matrix linked to the index person based on their registered occupation at baseline. Alcohol-related morbidity was measured through diagnoses in the national patient registers between 2006 and 2020. Cox proportional hazards regression models were built to estimate associations between education and alcohol-related morbidity. Reductions in hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated after adjusting for job control, physical workload, and other covariates. Models were also stratified by sex. Lower levels of education predicted a higher risk of alcohol-related morbidity (HR: 2.55 95% confidence interval: 2.49–2.62 for the lowest educated compared to the highest). Low job control and heavy physical workload both played roles in explaining educational differences in alcohol-related morbidity even after accounting for sociodemographic and health factors (15.1% attenuation for job control and 18.3% for physical workload among the lowest educated). Physical workload explained a larger proportion of the associations among men compared to women. Lower levels of education were associated with an increased risk of alcohol-related morbidity and working conditions partly explained these associations beyond what was explained by sociodemographic and health factors. Improving working conditions could therefore prevent some cases of alcohol-related morbidity.
Environmental change and connectivity drive coral reef fish abundance in the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Warmuth Laura M , Kelly Stephen , Samoilys Melita A , Popova Ekaterina , Head Catherine E I , Bonsall Michael B 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Worldwide, coral reefs are facing risk from climate change. The Western Indian Ocean (WIO) harbours about 16% of global coral reefs with highly reef-dependent local communities. Coastal protection and food security depend on effective conservation management, which requires understanding species abundances. Here, we explore how fish group distribution and abundance across the WIO, categorized by their trophic function, are explained by oceanographic connectivity, sea surface temperature (SST), and chlorophyll a. We designed a proportional oceanographic connectivity metric describing the relative strength of connectivity between all WIO coral reefs and each survey site. We created statistical models for four trophic groups: grazers and detritivores, herbivorous excavators, corallivores, and primary piscivores across 51 sites in the WIO. We show that SST and chlorophyll a are strong predictors of all trophic fish groups and that the proportional oceanographic connectivity metric improved the model predictions significantly for grazers and detritivores and excavators. For excavators, peak abundances were predicted at medium connectivity, and for grazers and detritivores, at low and medium connectivity, suggesting that larvae dispersal predominates at a local scale. Decision making should include connectivity for efficient conservation area prioritization, for which our proportional oceanographic connectivity metric is a valid and useful parameter.
Identifying AWaRe indicators for appropriate antibiotic use: a narrative review
Authors: Funiciello Elisa , Lorenzetti Giulia , Cook Aislinn , Goelen Jan , Moore Catrin E , Campbell Stephen M , Godman Brian , Tong Deborah , Huttner Benedikt , Chuki Pem , Sharland Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Quality indicators (QIs) are widely used tools for antibiotic stewardship programmes. The Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) system has been developed by the WHO to classify antibiotics based on their spectrum of activity and potential selection of antibiotic resistance. This review aimed to identify existing indicators for optimal antibiotic use to inform the development of future AWaRe QIs.

Methods
A literature search was performed in PubMed. We included articles describing QIs for hospital and primary healthcare antibiotic use. We extracted information about (i) the type of infection; (ii) setting; (iii) target for quality assessment; and (iv) methodology used for the development. We then identified the indicators that reflected the guidance provided in the AWaRe system.

Results
A total of 773 indicators for antibiotic use were identified. The management of health services and/or workers, the consumption of antibiotics, and antibiotic prescribing/dispensing were the principal targets for quality assessment. There was a similar distribution of indicators across primary and secondary care. For infection-specific indicators, about 50% focused on respiratory tract infections. Only a few QIs included information on review treatment or microbiological investigations. Although only 8 (1%) indicators directly cited the AWaRe system in the wording of the indicators, 445 (57.6%) indicators reflected the guidance provided in the AWaRe book.

Conclusions
A high number of indicators for appropriate antibiotic use have been developed. However, few are currently based directly on the WHO AWaRe system. There is a clear need to develop globally applicable AWaRe based indicators that can be integrated into antibiotic stewardship programmes.
Clotrimazole-induced shifts in vaginal bacteriome and lipid metabolism: insights into recovery mechanisms in vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Pu Xiaowen , Gu Zhengrong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a prevalent condition affecting a significant proportion of women worldwide, with recurrent episodes leading to detrimental effects on quality of life. While treatment with clotrimazole is common, the specific alterations it evokes in the vaginal bacteriome and metabolome were previously underexplored.

Methods and results
In this prospective study, we enrolled reproductive-age women diagnosed with single VVC and conducted comprehensive analyses of vaginal fungi, bacteriome, and metabolome before and after local clotrimazole treatment. We observed a significant reduction in Candida albicans and notable improvements in vaginal cleanliness. Advanced sequencing revealed substantial shifts in the vaginal bacteriome, with an increase in Lactobacillus-dominant communities post-treatment. Our findings identified 17 differentially abundant bacterial species, including notable decreases in pathogenic anaerobes such as Gardnerella vaginalis, Dialister micraerophilus, and Aerococcus christensenii, suggesting a restoration of a healthier microbial balance. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis revealed significant changes in 230 metabolites, particularly within lipid metabolism pathways, with marked downregulation of lipid-related compounds linked to inflammation. Correlation studies indicated a strong interplay between lipid metabolites and specific bacterial species, emphasizing the influence of clotrimazole treatment on microbial and metabolic interactions. Importantly, predictive models using microbiota and metabolite signatures demonstrated high accuracy in distinguishing pre- and post-treatment states.

Conclusions
This research highlights clotrimazole’s dual role in effectively clearing Candida infection and promoting a healthier vaginal microenvironment, paving the way for novel microbial and metabolomic-based diagnostic approaches to enhance VVC management and understand its underlying mechanisms.
The use of visual and olfactory cues by adult Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) while foraging
Authors: Liu Jie , Tallat Mariam , Sun Saili , Wang Gensong , Li Guoping , Feng Hongqiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a notorious invasive insect pest. It is very important to understand the foraging behavior of this pest to develop more effective lures to monitor the immigration of this pest. In this study, the use of visual and olfactory cues in the foraging behavior of S. frugiperda was investigated through an attraction experiment in which color (produced from 8 different colored artificial flowers), odor (produced from honey water), and odorous color (produced from artificial flowers supplemented with honey water) were used. When we used 8 different colors to elicit adult responses, S. frugiperda showed a significant color preference despite limited activity (i.e., the total number of visits to the attractant), with black being the most preferred color, followed by orange preferred by both sexes and blue and green preferred only by females. When honey water was used as an attractant, S. frugiperda had relatively greater odor activity than color activity. When we sprayed the artificial flowers with honey, S. frugiperda showed even greater activity in terms of odor color than in terms of color or odor. Compared with male S. frugiperda, female adult S. frugiperda presented greater activity in response to all types of attractants. These findings suggest that S. frugiperda adults rely primarily on olfaction for foraging, with vision as a secondary sense, and that the combined use of olfactory and visual cues increases foraging efficiency. These results provide reference data for designing trapping strategies to monitor and control S. frugiperda.