bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms and Dementia Risk: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Sun Yuelian , Veres Katalin , Hasselbalch Hans Carl , Frederiksen Henrik , Østgård Lene Sofie Granfeldt , Horváth‐Puhó Erzsébet , Henderson Victor W. , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo estimate dementia risk for persons diagnosed with Philadelphia chromosome–negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), which serve as a human chronic inflammation model.MethodsWe identified 9895 individuals in Denmark newly diagnosed with MPNs from 1995 to 2017; matched them 10:1 by age and sex with a general population cohort of 95 770 individuals; and followed them until dementia identification, death, emigration, or December 31, 2018. We applied a Cox proportional‐hazards regression model to estimate the cause‐specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dementia. We included control diseases, like chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which is not characterized by chronic inflammation.ResultsPatients with MPNs showed a 1.15‐fold (95% CI: 1.04–1.27) increased incidence of dementia compared with members of the general population. Associations were stronger for men with MPNs (HR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.19–1.63) than for women (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.89–1.15). Patients with CLL showed a decreased dementia incidence (HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72–0.90). The findings for CLL could be explained by depletion‐of‐susceptibles bias, suggesting that the findings for MPNs were underestimated by a similar bias.ConclusionsThe findings support MPNs as risk factors for dementia and the role of chronic inflammation in dementia development.
Commentary: What Is the Breadth of “Educational Measurement?”
Authors: Wine Marjorie , Hoffman Alexander M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe work of educational measurement is a highly collaborative endeavor that brings together professionals from many disciplines. While the introduction of the “Foundational Competencies in Educational Measurement” acknowledges this, the explanation of the framework itself falls short in acknowledging the competencies and skills of those from disciplines other than psychometrics, such as content development professionals (CDPs). Therefore, it is unable to sufficiently address the nature of validation work or other work not led by psychometricians. It also underexplores the vital competencies that underlie effective collaboration. As a result, it defines the competencies of psychometric work instead of the larger field of educational measurement.
Futures in EU governance: Anticipatory governance, strategic foresight and EU Better Regulation
Authors: Umbach Gaby 
Published: September 2024

AbstractContemporary politics require a swift and responsive policy‐making approach to respond to emergency situations quickly and to anticipate them in a strategic manner. Maintaining decision‐making agility in times of urgency makes it necessary to think ahead of stress‐impacting situations. To increase systemic resilience, policies must be designed in an adaptive way. Strategic options, futurity of policies and potential futures must be elaborated and kept in sight when developing policies. Anticipatory governance and strategic foresight activities are elements of such an adaptive governance mode. To transform decision‐making in a future‐oriented way, these forward‐planning elements need to be institutionalised to support governance resilience. This article asks how anticipatory governance and strategic foresight are embedded within EU multilevel governance. It investigates the EU Better Regulation Agenda to understand how anticipatory governance already contributes to EU governance. Additionally, it discusses how the institutionalisation of strategic foresight can contribute to EU anticipatory governance.
Whole‐Genome Analyses Reveal the Distinct Taxonomic Status of the Hainan Population of Endangered Rucervus eldii and Its Conservation Implications
Authors: Zheng Chenqing , Chen Qing , Wong Michelle Hang Gi , Marx Nick , Khotpathoom Thananh , Wang Hesheng , Yang Feng , Rao Xiaodong , Chan Bosco Pui Lok , Liu Yang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTEld's deer Rucervus eldii (McClelland, 1842) is an ungulate that lives in tropical lowland forests in several countries of Indochina and Hainan Island of China. Its remaining population is small and scattered, and the species is listed as an Endangered species on the IUCN Red List. The debate over the taxonomic status of the Hainan population has persisted for over a century—as an island‐endemic subspecies R. e. hainanus, or an insular population of the subspecies R. e. siamensis, would have significant conservation implications. And, given the Hainan population had experienced both population bottleneck and multiple translocations in the past, conservation genomics would be a powerful tool to evaluate the genetic impacts of these events. In this study, we used conservation genomics assessment to study population differentiation and genetic diversity of R. e. siamensis in Cambodia and three Eld's deer subpopulations on Hainan Island. Based on the unique genetic profile and demographic analysis, this study corroborated previous studies using genetic markers that the Hainan Eld's deer warrants the taxonomic status of a distinct subspecies. The Hainan population exhibits a reduction in genetic diversity and an increase in the level of inbreeding when compared to the population of Cambodia. The signs of purifying selection were found against homozygous loss‐of‐function mutations to decrease the deleterious burden in the Hainan population. However, there was an accumulation of more deleterious missense mutations. Furthermore, significant differences in genetic diversity and level of inbreeding found among the three Hainan subpopulations indicated population isolation and suboptimal translocation strategies, which calls for urgent, coordinated, and science‐based genetic management to ensure the long‐term viability of the endemic subspecies hainanus. This study provides guidance for the conservation and management of Eld's deer.
Children and adolescents assisted in a referral oral medicine diagnostic service: 20 years of experience in Brazil
Authors: Barros Caio César da Silva , Júnior César Luis Porpino Santos da Silva , Moreira Deborah Gondim Lambert , de Oliveira Anna Ellyse Grant , da Silveira Éricka Janine Dantas , Freitas Roseana de Almeida , de Oliveira Patrícia Teixeira 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSeveral lesions can affect the oral and maxillofacial region, with trends influenced by lifestyle and age.AimTo investigate the occurrence of oral and maxillofacial lesions in paediatric patients assisted in an oral medicine diagnostic service in Brazil over 20 years.DesignA retrospective cross‐sectional study was performed in an oral medicine diagnostic service (1999–2019). Data included sex, age, anatomic site, and diagnosis from clinical records of children (0–9 years) and adolescents (10–19 years). Lesions were diagnosed through clinical examination. Biopsy and histopathologic examination were performed when necessary.ResultsAmong 10 530 records, 702 (6.67%) were from patients aged 0–19 years diagnosed with oral or maxillofacial lesions. A high frequency of females was observed (58.1%). Reactive/inflammatory lesions were the most common group of lesions (45.2%), followed by abnormalities of teeth/developmental defects (17.8%) and pulpal and periapical diseases (8.5%). Mucocele/ranula was the most common lesion in children (29.3%) and adolescents (25.3%). Lips were the most affected anatomic sites.ConclusionMost lesions were benign, and mucocele/ranula was the most frequent. Our results did not differ from those of histopathological‐based studies, but they provided information on the occurrence of oral and maxillofacial lesions to dentists and paediatricians.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Platelet‐Rich Plasma Versus Tranexamic Acid Plus Vitamin C Mesotherapy in the Treatment of Periorbital Hyperpigmentation: A Split‐Site, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Iranmanesh Behzad , Rastaghi Fatemeh , Hashemi Najmeh Sadat , Kaveh Roxana 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPeriorbital hyperpigmentation (POH) is a common cosmetic problem with a negative impact on the patient's self‐confidence, leading to a decrease in the quality of life. Current treatments include topical agents and mesotherapy, but research remains limited.AimsDue to the undesirable effect of the available treatments, the present study was designed to compare the effectiveness of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injection and intradermal injection of tranexamic acid plus vitamin C mesotherapy as a therapeutic method to treat POH.MethodsPatients received an intradermal injection of PRP randomly on one side and an intradermal injection of tranexamic acid + vitamin C on the other side of their face, for three sessions with an interval of 3 weeks. Digital photography was taken, and data were assessed based on physician global assessment (PGA) and patient satisfaction.ResultsEighteen patients were studied. Among all, 12 patients had a positive family history, 2 had asthma, and 4 had a history of atopic dermatitis. Even though patient satisfaction was higher in the PRP group than in mesotherapy, it was not statistically significant. Both groups showed similar rates of improvement. However, improvement rates did not significantly differ based on various factors including gender, skin type, family history, or medical history. Age and the age of disease onset also did not significantly affect the improvement rates.ConclusionBoth methods revealed successful results in the reduction of POH. Comparing the efficacy of these two methods showed that both treatments had similar improvements.
Feeding mode drives mandibular shape in extant Delphinidae
Authors: Vicari D. , Boccone G. , Pandolfi L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDelphinidae is the most diverse family within the toothed whale clade, displaying two biosonar modes, different feeding strategies, and diving and habitat adaptations. This work examines the delphinid mandible to determine the association between shape, size and ecological variables in extant species. Geometric morphometric analysis on 95 mandibles belonging to 30 (out of 38) extant species, representatives of all 17 extant genera, was performed in occlusal (or dorsal) and lateral (or labial) view. The results reveal that feeding mode and climate primarily drive mandibular shape in extant species. Biosonar mode is an evolutionary driver in mandibular shape in occlusal view, while diet and maximum prey size play a significant role in size only in both views. By contrast, Diving Ecology, Superficial Temperature and Rostral index do not play a significant role in driving delphinid mandibular shape and size.
Understanding the role of the human gut microbiome in overweight and obesity
Authors: McBurney Michael I. , Cho Clara E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe gut microbiome may be related to the prevalence of overweight and obesity, but high interindividual variability of the human microbiome complicates our understanding. Obesity often occurs concomitantly with micronutrient deficiencies that impair energy metabolism. Microbiota composition is affected by diet. Host–microbiota interactions are bidirectional. We propose three pathways whereby these interactions may modulate the gut microbiome and obesity: (1) ingested compounds or derivatives affecting small intestinal transit, endogenous secretions, digestion, absorption, microbiome balance, and gut barrier function directly affect host metabolism; (2) substrate availability affecting colonic microbial composition and contact with the gut barrier; and (3) microbial end products affecting host metabolism. The quantity/concentration, duration, and/or frequency (circadian rhythm) of changes in these pathways can alter the gut microbiome, disrupt the gut barrier, alter host immunity, and increase the risk of and progression to overweight and obesity. Host‐specific characteristics (e.g., genetic variations) may further affect individual sensitivity and/or resilience to diet‐ and microbiome‐associated perturbations in the colonic environment. In this narrative review, the effects of selected interventions, including fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary calorie restriction, dietary fibers and prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids, on the gut microbiome, body weight, and/or adiposity are summarized to help identify mechanisms of action and research opportunities.
Higher Flower Hydraulic Safety, Drought Tolerance and Structural Resource Allocation Provide Drought Adaptation to Low Mean Annual Precipitation in Caragana Species
Authors: Du Ya‐Xian , Qi Shi‐Hua , Tian Xue‐Qian , Yao Guang‐Qian , Zhang Long , Li Feng‐Ping , Jiang Hui , Zhang Xia‐Yi , Fang Xiang‐Wen 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTDetermining the differences in flower hydraulic traits and structural resource allocation among closely related species adapted to low mean annual precipitation (MAP) can provide insight into plant adaptation to arid environments. Here, we measured the maximum flower hydraulic conductance (Kmax‐flower), water potential at induction 50% loss of Kmax‐flower (P50‐flower), flower pressure–volume parameters, dry mass of individual flowers and structural components (vexillum, wings, keels, stamens and sepals) of six Caragana species growing in regions ranging from 110 to 1400 mm MAP. Compared with species from high‐MAP environments, those from low‐MAP environments presented lower Kmax‐flower, more negative P50‐flower, osmotic potential at full turgor (πo) and turgor loss points (πtlp), and a greater bulk modulus of elasticity (ε). Consequently, a negative correlation between Kmax‐flower (hydraulic efficiency) and P50‐flower (hydraulic safety) was observed across Caragana species. Furthermore, the dry masses of individual flowers and structural components (vexillum, wings, keels, stamens and sepals) were greater in the species from the low‐MAP environment than in those from the high‐MAP environment. These findings suggest that greater flower hydraulic safety and drought tolerance combined with greater structural resource allocation promote drought adaptation in Caragana species to low‐MAP environments.
Absence and objectivity
Authors: Ordóñez Angulo Emmanuel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractI first show that a growing body of literature about the phenomenological and epistemic role of the structural features of experience can be recruited in favour of the view that absence experience is non‐veridical. Then I argue that such literature is in fact amenable to the view that absence experience is veridical if we rethink our conception of absence, and presence, itself.
Detection of Legionella species other than Legionella pneumophila in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue: An autopsy case study
Authors: Riku Miho , Nakamura Ritsuko , Terashima Tsuguaki , Sakanashi Daisuke , Nakata Sosuke , Kawamura Makoto , Ohnishi Koji , Ito Hideaki , Watanabe Eizo , Mikamo Hiroshige , Kasai Kenji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiagnosing the cause of death can be challenging, particularly for patients with no prior history of visits to the treating hospital. We encountered a case involving a 76‐year‐old male who was discovered in a state of cardiopulmonary arrest at his home and subsequently declared deceased in our hospital due to severe pneumonia. He had exhibited symptoms of fever over 37°C and severe coughing for several days. Despite consulting a primary care physician one day prior, his symptoms worsened. Autopsy findings revealed an increase in lung weight and diffuse changes in parenchyma. Histological analysis showed numerous inflammatory cells and exudate within the alveoli. Gram and Periodic acid‐Schiff staining were negative, but slight staining was observed in the cytoplasm of macrophages by Warthin‐starry and Gimenez stains. Tests using a pan bacterial/viral detection kit and qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Legionella pneumophila were negative. However, using deoxyribonucleic acid extracted from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded lung tissue, PCR amplification of the ssrA gene of congeneric Legionella species yielded positive results. The results suggest that the cause of death was likely due to bacterial pneumonia caused by Legionella species.
Evaluation of ocular surface parameters before and after cryo‐ and laser therapy for distichiasis in dogs: A pilot study
Authors: Zwiauer‐Wolfbeisser V. , Tichy A. , Nell B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this pilot study was to establish a satisfactory, scientific approach to effectively compare quantitative measurements of various ocular surface parameters before and after surgical treatment in dogs suffering from distichiasis.MethodsAn ophthalmic examination was conducted on 12 dogs (23 eyes) before and after surgical treatments for distichiasis, at four different time points, (t0 = before surgery, t1 = 1–2 h after surgery, t2 = 1 week after surgery, t3 = 1 month after surgery, and t4 = 6 months after surgery) between 2021 and 2022, and analyzed retrospectively. The examination included Schirmer tear test‐1 (STT‐1), interferometry, noninvasive tear film break‐up time (NIBUT), tear meniscus size (TMS), and meibography.ResultsNo statistically significant changes were found in STT‐1 (t0: 22.2 ± 6.5 mm, t2: 22.5 ± 5.7 mm, t3: 20.8 ± 5.1 mm, and t4: 22.6 mm ± 4.8 mm) before and after surgery. Mean interferometry scores showed a slight, not statistically significant, decrease from t0 to t3 and t4 (t0: 2.1 ± 0.8, t1: 2.1 ± 0.7, t2: 2.1 ± 0.9, t3: 1.8 ± 0.6, and t4: 1.9 ± 1.1). Mean NIBUT did not change significantly between time points (t0: 3.9 ± 1.3 s, t1: 4.0 ± 1.3 s, t2: 4.0 ± 1.4 s, t3: 3.5 ± 0.7 s, and t4: 3.5 ± 0.9 s). TMS showed a slight, not statistically significant increase (t0: 0.5 ± 0.3 mm, t1: 0.5 ± 0.3, t2: 0.5 ± 0.3 mm, t3: 0.6 ± 0.2 mm, and t4: 0.7 ± 0.3 mm). There were no changes in the gross morphology of the meibomian glands (MG).ConclusionThis pilot study could not detect a negative effect of different forms of treatment of distichiasis on the precorneal tear film parameters in dogs. However, due to the study's retrospective nature and small sample size, no definitive conclusion can be drawn regarding the changes at the different time points.
ПРОБИОТИКАЛЫҚ МИКРООРГАНИЗМДЕРДІҢ ЛИОФИЛЬДІК КЕПТІРУ ЖАҒДАЙЫН ОҢТАЙЛАНДЫРУ
Authors: Байқоныс Т.Б. , Құрманғали Д.Е. , Абилхадиров А.С. , Бекшин Ж.М. , Абитаева Г. К. 
Published: September 2024

Микроорганизмдер коллекциясын құру және қалпында сақтау биоалуантүрлілікті сақтау тәсілдері ретінде өзекті проблема болып табылады. Лиофильдік кептіру – культуралар коллекцияларындағы бактерияларды сақтаудың негізгі әдісі. Лиофилизация процесінде жасушалар зақымдайтын стресс факторларға ұшырайды. Төмен температура, судың кристалдануы, осмостық стресс, ерітінділердің pH өзгеруі, дегидратация жасуша құрылымдары мен молекулаларына зақым келтіреді. Аталып өтілген факторлардан қорғау үшін лиофильдік кептіру алдында микробтық массаға қосылатын қорғаныс ортасының құрамын дұрыс тандау болып табылады. Құрамында көмірсулар, аминқышқылдары, қалпына келтірілген сүт, желатин және басқа компоненттер бар қорғаныс орталарын қолдану жасуша компоненттерінің зақымдану мүмкіндігін азайтады, бактериялардың сақтау мерзімін ұзартады.
Бұл зерттеуде әртүрлі криопротекторлардың Lactobacillus plantarum 5 LB, Lactobacillus casei 13n-1, Lactobacillus brevis 13b және Lactobacillus fermentum BV-4 сүтқышқылды бактерияларынан тұратын пробиотикалық консорциумның лиофильді кептіруден кейінгі өміршеңдігіне әсері анықталды. Біздің жұмысымыздың мақсаты лиофильді кептіру процесінде сүт қышқылы бактерияларын мүмкіндігінше сақтауға мүмкіндік беретін қорғаныс ортасын таңдау болды.
Барлығы 3 түрлі қорғаныс ортасының нұсқалары сыналды. Криопротекторлар ретінде 10% майсыздандырылған сүт, 1,5% майсыздандырылған сүт, желатин-сахароза криопротекторы және PBS бар масса бақылау ретінде пайдаланылды. Лиофильді кептіру стандартты әдіс бойынша жүргізілді. Мұздатқышта үлгілер -40 °C дейін 12 сағат ішінде алдын ала мұздатылып, артынан -80 °C 15 сағатқа лиофильді кептіруге қойылды.
Жасушалардың өміршеңдігін анықтау үшін Мiles & Misra әдісі қолданылып, колония құраушы бірлік (КҚБ) арқылы өлшенілді.
Зерттеу нәтижесінде, лиофильді кептіру алдында суспензиядағы тірі микроорганизмдердің өміршеңдігінің орташа мөлшері 2,25х108 КҚБ болды. Ал лиофилизация процесінен кейін өміршеңдіктін деңгейі артты, жоғарғы көрсеткішті 4х1010 КҚБ мөлшерінде 10% майсыздандырылған сүт негізіндегі қорғаныс ортасы көрсетті. PBS қолданылған бақылау тобында бактериялардың өміршеңдігі криопротекторлар қосылған үлгілермен салыстырғанда төмен болып, 2х107 КҚБ-ті көрсетті. Ал қалған екі үлгі 1,5% майсыздандырылған сүт және желатин-сахарозды криопротекторлар бірдей көрсеткіш көрсетіп, сәйкесінше өміршеңдігі 2х1010 КҚБ-ке тең болды.
4 ай 4°C температурда сакталғаннан кейін өміршеңдік көрсеткіштері келесідей болды 1,5% майсыздандырылған сүт 6х108 КҚБ, желатин-сахарозды криопротектор 2х109 КҚБ және ең жоғарғы көрсеткішті 1х1010 КҚБ-ті 10% майсыздандырылған сүт негізіндегі қорғаныс ортасы көрсетті. Ал PBS қосылған бақылау тобында бактериялардың өміршеңдігі 2х106 КҚБ-ке тең болды.
Осылайша, лиофильді кептіру кезінде 10% майсыздандырылған сүтті қолдану жоғары қорғаныс қасиеттерін қамтамасыз ететіні анықталды.
IN VITRO SLOW-GROWTH STORAGE OF THE ENDANGERED SPECIES MALUS NIEDZWETZKYANA FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Authors: Nurtaza A.S. , Magzumova G.K. , Kakimzhanova A.A. 
Published: September 2024

The conservation of biodiversity requires efficient ex situ methods for storing plant genetic material outside its natural habitat. This approach will maintain valuable, endemic, and endangered plant species for extended periods. One widely used method is in vitro slow-growth storage.
Our study describes the results of slow-growth storage of micropropagated shoots of the endangered and endemic Malus niedzwetzkyana. In vitro shoots of annual shoots of the Malus niedzwetzkyana were used as the object of the study. The shoots were obtained using a previously developed protocol of micropropagation.
To develop slow-growth storage in in vitro culture of shoots, we studied the influence of osmotic agents, light, and temperature regimes. We investigated cultivation conditions such as temperature (4°C and 24°C) and photoperiod (16/8 and growth in the dark), as well as the composition of nutrient media to slow growth (sucrose, mannitol, abscisic acid). The research results showed that the optimal condition for medium-term storage of shoots is the QL nutrient medium with the addition of 3% or 6% sucrose under standard conditions. The optimized protocol allowed us to preserve the shoots of Malus niedzwetzkyana for 5 months without re-cultivation.
This result confirms the effectiveness of the selected protocol for slow-growth storage of Malus niedzwetzkyana shoots. The explants stopped growing but remained viable, and the recovery period took 35 days (1 passage). The developed protocol enabled us to preserve plant material for several months without intermediate cultivation. As a result of this work, an in vitro collection was created to conserve the rare and endangered species of Malus niedzwetzkyana.
The research is conducted in the framework of the program BR18574125 with financial support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (duration: 2023-2024).