bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of spore longevity and viability of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae according to storage conditions
Authors: Özgör Erkay , Keskin Nevin 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Honey bee colonies are often infected with Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae which cause adult honey bee disease called nosemosis. All honey bee colony members can be infected with these species. In addition, it is claimed to be the main cause of honey bee winter losses in many countries. Nosema spores are expected to resistant the environmental conditions and their infectivity continues for a long time because of long-term durability of fungal spores. In this study, the viability of Nosema spores were investigated in terms of storage situations under laboratory conditions. Honey bee samples that were collected from apiaries in 2011 were investigated to detect the presence of Nosema species with real-time PCR amplification studies. After determination of Nosema species, each sample was divided in two groups. One of these groups was used to find Nosema spore concentration. Nosema solutions were divided and stored at both -20°C and +4°C. The spore concentration was measured every year in the period 2011-2015. Other group of honey bee samples was also stored at -20°C and every year was used for Nosema spore counting. Furthermore, it was examined the infectivity of Nosema spores with sugar solutions which obtained each sample using cage experiment techniques. According to results, when we compare the solutions annually, there is no change at Nosema spore concentration of the solution in -20°C and honeybee samples in -20°C. But reduction was seen at Nosema spore concentration of the solution in +4°C. Nosema spore infectivity tests revealed that infectivity of Nosema spores has not changed significantly between 2011 and 2015. This is the first time mixed Nosema spores found more infective than one-type spore after prolonged exposure to different conditions.
Influence of magnesium gluconate salt addition on mixing, pasting and fermentation properties of dough
Authors: Codină Georgiana Gabriela , Zaharia Dumitru , Ropciuc Sorina , Dabija Adriana 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe effect of magnesium ions from gluconate salt at the level of 100, 150 and 200 mg/100g addition on empirical dough rheological properties from the 550 wheat flour type was studied. Dough rheological properties during mixing (dough development time, dough stability, degree of softening), α amylase activity and gelatinization temperature were analyzed by using a Falling Number and Amylograph. During fermentation were analyzed the maximum height of gaseous production, total CO2volume production, volume of the gas retained in the dough at the end of the test and the retention coefficient by using a Rheofermentograph device. By magnesium gluconate (Mg) salt addittion dough become more strength by an increase of stability and a decrease of the degree of softening. With Mg addittion wheat flour dough volumes were affected. Compared to the control sample, the dough volume decreased with the increased level of Mg. From the point of view of the α amylase activity, it decreases with the increase level of Mg whereas the gelatinization temperature increases.
Aroma compounds of non-alcoholic fermented beverage: Gilaburu juice
Authors: Sönmezdağ Ahmet Salih , Sevindik Onur , Kelebek Haşim , Selli Serkan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The present research was planned to characterize the aroma composition of Viburnum opulus L. which is one important members of the Caprifoliaceae family. Volatile components of Viburnum opulus L. were extracted by use of the purge and trap technique with dichloromethane and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The extraction method gave highly representative aromatic extract of the studied sample. A total of 47 aroma compounds were found including acids, alcohols, ketones, volatile phenols, aldehydes, furans, lactones, an ester a terpene and a pyranone. Among all aroma compounds, isovaleric acid was found as the most abundant aroma compound in the fermented GR juice, having a 30% of total aroma concentration. Butanoic acid, 4-methyl catechol and propanoic acid were other aroma compounds found in higher concentrations (18%, 11% and 6% respectively).
A potential therapeutic role in multiple sclerosis for stigmast-5,22-dien-3β-ol myristate isolated from Capparis ovata
Authors: Acar Ozden Ozgun , Gazioglu Isil , Kolak Ufuk , Sen Alaattin , Topcu Gulacti 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the human central nervous system. It is one of the most common neurological disorders around the world and there is still no complete cure for MS. Purification of a terpenoid from Capparis ovata was carried out and its structure was elucidated as stigmast-5,22-dien-3β-ol, myristate (3β,22E-stigmasteryl myristate; SDM) by NMR and mass spectral analyses. No information regarding its any health effect is available in the literature. In the present study, we have described its effects on inflammatory factors such as the expression levels of cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules as well as apoptosis/infiltration and myelination in SH-SY5Y cells. The expression levels of proinflammatory or inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as NF-κB1, CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10 and HIF1A along with T-cell activating cytokines such as IL-6 and TGFB1 were significantly downregulated with SDM treatment. Moreover, the expression levels of the main myelin proteins such as MBP, MAG and PLP that are essential for healthy myelin architecture were significantly up-regulated. The results presented in this study strongly suggest that the SDM offers a unique possibility to be used with autoimmune diseases, including MS due to its activity on the manipulation of cytokines and the promotion of myelin formation.
GSTF1 gene expression at local Albanian wheat cultivar Dajti under salinity and heat conditions
Authors: Bacu Ariola , Comashi Kristjana , Hoxhaj Markeljana , Ibro Vjollca 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Plants have evolved effective defense mechanisms against stress-induced oxidative damages, among which an important role play glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). This huge class of proteins have been reported to increase in a number of crops under temperature and saline stresses. However, different wheat cultivars display specific characteristics of expression. In our study we controlled the transcription of GSTF1 gene at leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of local cultivar Dajti, evaluated previously as resistant toward salt and temperature stresses. Three different concentrations of NaCl, 50, 100, 200mM, were applied at plants germinated in Hoagland culture, and total ARN was extracted from leaves collected at 0-3-6-10-24-72 hrs after treatment. Seeds from the same cultivar were germinated in Hoagland culture under heat treatment, keeping controls at 25°C/20°C and the rest under a 35°C /25°C-day/night regime in a growth chamber. Total RNA was extracted after one week, 30, and 45 days following HT. RT-PCRs were performed using primers specific for GSTF1. Concentration of amplicons was evaluated in agarose gels. In conclusion, the transcription of GSTF1 at Dajti cultivar is reduced during the time of exposure on saline conditions, does not depend on salt concentration, and is not affected by prolonged temperature stress.
Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus (GCMN) - A New Hope for Targeted Therapy?
Authors: Tchernev Georgi , Lozev Ilia , Pidakev Ivan , Lotti Torello , Wollina Uwe , Gianfaldoni Serena , Lotti Jacopo , França Katlein , Batashki Atanas , Maximov Georgi Konstantinov , Chokoeva Anastasiya 
Published: July 2017

We present a 6-month-old male patient, who was consulted with dermatologist by his parents, because of a pigmented lesion, present since birth, covering almost the all skin of the back and buttocks. A sharply bordered, unequally coloured congenital pigmented nevus, measuring approximately 21 cm in diameter was observed in the whole body skin examination. The lesion was affecting the lower 2/3 of the skin of the back and the top half of the gluteus area, extending to the lateral part of the tors, forward the abdomen and the upper lateral part of the hips, composed by multiple darker-pigmented nests and several lighter areas, with single depigmented zones, hairy surface, irregularly infiltrated on palpation. Congenital melanocytic nevi are presented in approximately 1% of newborns, while giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) are the most uncommon subtype of them; with occurrence rate 1 in 50,000 births. They affect 2% of a total body surface or presenting in a diameter larger than 20 cm in older children. Although not common, the possible malignant transformation remains one of the most important considerations related to them, as the related lifetime risk of melanoma is 4% to 10%. Treatment recommendations include non-surgical methods as dermabrasion only within the first two weeks of life, for prevention the possible melanocytic deeper migration, while serial surgical excisions or tissue expanders could be useful treatment tool even in later stages. Nevertheless, cosmetic result is not always satisfactory, and the risk of malignant changes remains, in cases of previous melanocytic migration in deeper layer. Recent article suggests the potential role in the treatment of GCMN with NRAS inhibitor trametinib, approved for treatment of advanced melanoma, associated with underlying NRAS mutations. Although promising, the drug could be useful in paediatric patients, only with associated NRAS gene mutation. It is still unclear whether it could be helpful, independent of the NRAS status.
Error Analysis of Students Essays: A Case of First Year Students of the University of Health and Allied Sciences
Authors: Amoakohene Benjamin 
Published: July 2017

Writing is considered as a daunting task in second language learning. It is argued by most scholars that this challenge is not only limited to second language speakers of English but even to those who speak English as their first language. Thus, the ability to communicate effectively in English by both native and non-native speakers requires intensive and specialized instruction. Due to the integral role that writing plays in students’ academic life, academic literacy has garnered considerable attention in several English-medium universities in which Ghanaian universities are no exception. It is therefore surprising that prominence is not given to Academic Writing and Communicative Skills at the University of Health and Allied Sciences (UHAS). In this paper, I argue for much time and space to be given to Academic Writing and Communicative Skills, a programme that seeks to train students to acquire the needed skills and competence in English for their academic and professional development. This argument is based on the findings that came out after I explored the errors in a corpus of 50 essays written by first year students of UHAS. The findings revealed that after going through the Communicative Skills programme for two semesters, students still have serious challenges of writing error-free texts. Out of the 50 scripts that were analyzed, 1,050 errors were detected. The study further revealed that 584 (55.6%) of these errors were related to grammatical errors, 442 (42.1%) were mechanical errors and 24 (2.3%) of the errors detected were linked to the poor structuring of sentences. Based on these findings, recommendations and implications which are significant to educators, policy makers and curriculum developers are provided. This study has implications for pedagogy and further research in error analysis.
Cyberpesten vanuit een criminologisch perspectief
Authors: Kerstens Joyce , Veenstra Sander 
Published: July 2017

Cyberbullying from a criminological perspective
It is assumed that the online world creates new possibilities for criminal behaviour. Only recently criminologists started the debate on the applicability of traditional criminological theories to cybercrime offending. Data retrieved from the national Dutch survey Youth & Cybersafety indicate that cyberbullying behaviour is not only strongly interwoven with traditional bullying behaviours, but is also affected by the distinct features of the online environment. The findings give support to the suggestion that the aetiological schema to explain cyberbullying should postulate the interaction between individual characteristics, distinct features of the online environment and the interaction between offline and online social realities.
Entre délimitation, modélisation et mise en carte : les démarches prospectives à l’épreuve de deux objets géographiques contrastés, le massif des Landes de Gascogne et l’environnement fluvio-estuarien Garonne-Gironde
Authors: HAUTDIDIER Baptiste , BANOS Vincent , LABBOUZ Benoit 
Published: July 2017

Sur la base d’une comparaison entre deux exercices menés par les auteurs, cet article propose une exploration de l’espace des compromis entre expertise et créativité que suscite la construction de scénarios prospectifs. Les cas se rattachent au devenir de deux objets géographiques situés dans le sud-ouest de la France, mais aux caractéristiques assez différentes : le massif forestier des Landes de Gascogne, le fleuve Garonne et son estuaire. À l’aune de la construction de ces objets géographiques au cours de démarches prospectives, nous mettons en évidence et discutons trois dimensions cruciales pour le dépassement d’une opposition entre regards « experts » et « créatifs » : la délimitation de l’objet, le recours à la modélisation et le rôle des rendus cartographiques.
An intercomparative study of the effects of aircraft emissions on surface air quality
Authors: Cameron M. A. , Jacobson M. Z. , Barrett S. R. H. , Bian H. , Chen C. C. , Eastham S. D. , Gettelman A. , Khodayari A. , Liang Q. , Selkirk H. B. , Unger N. , Wuebbles D. J. , Yue X. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study intercompares, among five global models, the potential impacts of all commercial aircraft emissions worldwide on surface ozone and particulate matter (PM2.5). The models include climate‐response models (CRMs) with interactive meteorology, chemical‐transport models (CTMs) with prescribed meteorology, and models that integrate aspects of both. Model inputs are harmonized in an effort to achieve a consensus about the state of understanding of impacts of 2006 commercial aviation emissions. Models find that aircraft increase near‐surface ozone (0.3 to 1.9% globally), with qualitatively similar spatial distributions, highest in the Northern Hemisphere. Annual changes in surface‐level PM2.5 in the CTMs (0.14 to 0.4%) and CRMs (−1.9 to 1.2%) depend on differences in nonaircraft baseline aerosol fields among models and the inclusion of feedbacks between aircraft emissions and changes in meteorology. The CTMs tend to result in an increase in surface PM2.5 primarily over high‐traffic regions in the North American midlatitudes. The CRMs, on the other hand, demonstrate the effects of aviation emissions on changing meteorological fields that result in large perturbations over regions where natural emissions (e.g., soil dust and sea spray) occur. The changes in ozone and PM2.5 found here may be used to contextualize previous estimates of impacts of aircraft emissions on human health.
Intermodel spread of the double‐ITCZ bias in coupled GCMs tied to land surface temperature in AMIP GCMs
Authors: Zhou Wenyu , Xie Shang‐Ping 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGlobal climate models (GCMs) have long suffered from biases of excessive tropical precipitation in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). The severity of the double‐Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bias, defined here as the interhemispheric difference in zonal mean tropical precipitation, varies strongly among models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) ensemble. Models with a more severe double‐ITCZ bias feature warmer tropical sea surface temperature (SST) in the SH, coupled with weaker southeast trades. While previous studies focus on coupled ocean‐atmosphere interactions, here we show that the intermodel spread in the severity of the double‐ITCZ bias is closely related to land surface temperature biases, which can be further traced back to those in the Atmosphere Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations. By perturbing land temperature in models, we demonstrate that cooler land can indeed lead to a more severe double‐ITCZ bias by inducing the above coupled SST‐trade wind pattern in the tropics. The response to land temperature can be consistently explained from both the dynamic and energetic perspectives. Although this intermodel spread from the land temperature variation does not account for the ensemble model mean double‐ITCZ bias, identifying the land temperature effect provides insights into simulating a realistic ITCZ for the right reasons.
Testing constitutive equations for brittle‐ductile deformation associated with faulting in granitic rock
Authors: Nevitt Johanna M. , Warren Jessica M. , Pollard David D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUncertainty in constitutive equations for brittle‐ductile deformation limits our understanding of earthquake nucleation and propagation at the base of the seismogenic lithosphere. To reduce this uncertainty, we investigate exhumed strike‐slip faults and related deformation features in the Lake Edison granodiorite (central Sierra Nevada, CA) that developed at 250–500°C and ~250 MPa. The Seven Gables outcrop contains a 10 cm wide contractional fault step separating 2 m‐scale left‐lateral faults. Within the step, an ~ 4 cm thick leucocratic dike is stretched and rotated, thus constraining the kinematics of deformation, and the dike and surrounding granodiorite are strongly mylonitized. Petrographic and electron backscatter diffraction analyses reveal evidence for brittle and plastic deformation mechanisms, including dislocation creep, diffusion creep, microfracturing, and cataclasis. We present a 2‐D finite element model of the Seven Gables outcrop that tests a series of candidate constitutive equations: Von Mises elastoplasticity, Drucker‐Prager elastoplasticity, power law creep viscoelasticity, two‐layer elastoviscoplasticity, and coupled elastoviscoplasticity. Models based on Von Mises yielding most accurately match the outcrop deformation. Frictional plastic yield criteria (i.e., Drucker‐Prager) are incapable of reproducing the outcrop deformation due to the elevated mean compressive stress and reduced plastic yielding within the model fault step. Furthermore, the power law creep viscoelastic model requires a high strain rate (~10−4 s−1) to resolve slip on faults and fails to localize strain within the step region. Comparing model results and elastic stress fields with field observations suggests that deformation localizes in regions of elevated mean compressive stress and Mises equivalent stress.
Highly variable aerodynamic roughness length (z0) for a hummocky debris‐covered glacier
Authors: Miles Evan S. , Steiner Jakob F. , Brun Fanny 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aerodynamic roughness length (z0) is an essential parameter in surface energy balance studies, but few literature values exist for debris‐covered glaciers. We use microtopographic and aerodynamic methods to assess the spatial variability of z0 for Lirung Glacier, Nepal. We apply structure from motion to produce digital elevation models for three nested domains: five 1 m2 plots, a 21,300 m2 surface depression, and the lower 550,000 m2 of the debris‐mantled tongue. Wind and temperature sensor towers were installed in the vicinity of the plots within the surface depression in October 2014. We calculate z0 according to a variety of transect‐based microtopographic parameterizations for each plot, then develop a grid version of the algorithms by aggregating data from all transects. This grid approach is applied to the surface depression digital elevation model to characterize z0 spatial variability. The algorithms reproduce the same variability among transects and plots, but z0 estimates vary by an order of magnitude between algorithms. Across the study depression, results from different algorithms are strongly correlated. Using Monin‐Obukov similarity theory, we derive z0 values from the meteorological data. Using different stability criteria, we derive median values of z0 between 0.03 m and 0.05 m, but with considerable uncertainty due to the glacier's complex topography. Considering estimates from these algorithms, results suggest that z0 varies across Lirung Glacier between ∼0.005 m (gravels) to ∼0.5 m (boulders). Future efforts should assess the importance of such variable z0 values in a distributed energy balance model.
Monodispersed Bioactive Glass Nanoclusters with Ultralarge Pores and Intrinsic Exceptionally High miRNA Loading for Efficiently Enhancing Bone Regeneration
Authors: Xue Yumeng , Guo Yi , Yu Meng , Wang Min , Ma Peter X. , Lei Bo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBioactive glass nanoparticles (BGNs) have attracted much attention in drug delivery and bone tissue regeneration, due to the advantages including biodegradation, high bone‐bonding bioactivity, and facile large‐scale fabrication. However, the wide biomedical applications of BGNs such as efficient gene delivery are limited due to their poor pore structure and easy aggregation. Herein, for the first time, this study reports novel monodispersed bioactive glass nanoclusters (BGNCs) with ultralarge mesopores (10–30 nm) and excellent miRNA delivery for accelerating critical‐sized bone regeneration. BGNCs with different size (100–500 nm) are fabricated by using a branched polyethylenimine as the structure director and catalyst. BGNCs show an excellent apatite‐forming ability and high biocompatibility. Importantly, BGNCs demonstrate an almost 19 times higher miRNA loading than those of conventional BGNs. Additionally, BGNCs–miRNA nanocomplexes exhibit a significantly high antienzymolysis, enhance cellular uptake and miRNA transfection efficiency, overpassing BGNs and commercial Lipofectamine 3000. BGNCs‐mediated miRNA delivery significantly improves the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells in vitro and efficiently enhances bone formation in vivo. BGNCs can be a highly efficient nonviral vector for various gene therapy applications. The study may provide a novel strategy to develop highly gene‐activated bioactive nanomaterials for simultaneous tissue regeneration and disease therapy.
Modeling and optimization of electrospinning of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
Authors: Elkasaby Mohamed , Hegab Hussien A. , Mohany Atef , Rizvi Ghaus M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe electrospun fibers can have applications in diverse fields, such as tissue scaffolds, optical electronics, nanocatalysis, and sound absorption. Nanoscale fibers with a higher surface area can provide superior mechanical, physical, and thermal properties. Therefore, investigation of the factors affecting the electrospinning process, for various materials, is required. In this study, the design of experiments issued for optimization of electrospinning of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Taguchi orthogonal array L27OA are employed to analyze the influence of process control parameters. The variables studied are the applied voltages, solution concentrations, rotational speeds, collecting distances, and flow rates. A mathematical model of the polymer fiber diameter as a function of significant process parameters has been built using response surface methodology (RSM). The concentration percentage and the flow rate were determined to be the most significant process variables at 99% and 90% confidence levels, respectively. The predictive model provides 84.34% average model accuracy, which is considered acceptable as this study deals only with 27 of 243 trials needed for a full study based on principles of design of experiments. An additional ANOVA test and corresponding mathematical model have been developed to obtain the interaction effects for processing parameters.