bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression and the Prefrontal-Hippocampal Pathway - A Pilot Multimodal Neuroimaging Study in Transgender Women
Authors: Jarukasemkit Setthanan , Tam Karen M. , Yoadsanit Seksan , Easley Ty , Modi Hailey , Stahl Lyn , Kampaengtip Adun , Chansakul Thanissara , Janamnuaysook Rena , Hiransuthikul Akarin , Chunharas Chaipat , Bijsterbosch Janine D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis pilot study explored associations between gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging in transgender women with depression. Twenty participants completed mental health surveys and imaging between January and March 2024. Depression severity was measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores. Higher PHQ-9 scores were associated with lower GABA levels in the hippocampus and lower fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These findings revealed interactions between neurotransmitter signaling and functional brain activity of the hippocampal-prefrontal circuit in depression. Future large-scale neuroimaging studies are needed.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 controls triacylglycerol hydrolysis in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Atser Michael G. , Wenyonu Chelsea D. , Rowe Elyn M. , Leung Connie L. K. , Cen Haoning Howard , Queathem Eric D. , Liu Leo T. , Moravcova Renata , Rogalski Jason , Perrin David , Crawford Peter , Foster Leonard J. , Alcazar Armando , Johnson James D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) 1 is one of four isozymes that inhibit the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA via pyruvate dehydrogenase. PDK activity is elevated in fasting or starvation conditions to conserve carbohydrate reserves. PDK has also been shown to increase mitochondrial fatty acid utilization. In cardiomyocytes, metabolic flexibility is crucial for the fulfillment of high energy requirements. The PDK1 isoform is abundant in cardiomyocytes, but its specific contribution to cardiomyocyte metabolism is unclear. Here we show that PDK1 regulates cardiomyocyte fuel preference by mediating triacylglycerol turnover in differentiated H9c2 myoblasts using lentiviral shRNA to knockdownPdk1. Somewhat surprisingly, PDK1 loss did not affect overall PDH activity, basal glycolysis, or glucose oxidation revealed by oxygen consumption rate experiments and13C6glucose labelling. On the other hand, we observed decreased triacylglycerol turnover in H9c2 cells with PDK1 knockdown, which was accompanied by decreased mitochondrial fatty acid utilization following nutrient deprivation.13C16palmitate tracing of uniformly labelled acyl chains revealed minimal acyl chain shuffling within triacylglycerol, indicating that the triacylglycerol hydrolysis, and not re-esterification, was dysfunctional in PDK1 suppressed cells. Importantly, PDK1 loss did not significantly impact the cellular lipidome or triacylglycerol accumulation following palmitic acid treatment, suggesting that effects of PDK1 on lipid metabolism were specific to the nutrient-deprived state. We validated that PDK1 loss decreased triacylglycerol turnover inPdk1knockout mice. Together, these findings implicate a novel role for PDK1 in lipid metabolism in cardiomyocytes, independent of its canonical roles in glucose metabolism.
16S rRNA gene sequencing for bacterial identification and infectious disease diagnosis
Authors: Li Mei-Na , Han Qiang , Wang Nan , Wang Ting , You Xue-Ming , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Cui-Cui , Shi Yong-Qiang , Qiao Pei-Zhuang , Man Cheng-Lian , Feng Teng , Li Yue-Yue , Zhu Zhuang , Quan Ke-Ji , Xu Teng-Lin , Zhang George Fei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract16S rRNA gene sequence is the most common housekeeping genetic marker to study bacterial phylogeny and taxonomy. Therefore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing has the potential to identify novel bacteria and diagnose bacteria. This study compared 16S rRNA gene sequencing with conventional PCR for bacterial identification and disease diagnosis. The bacterial community in healthy and diseased hosts was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 16S rRNA gene sequencing is more sensitive than conventional PCR in detecting bacteria. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing is adequate to identify novel bacteria. 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that most pathogenic bacteria persist in diseased or healthy hosts in different abundance. Pathogenic bacteria, such as well-known chicken pathogenAvibacterium paragallinarum,Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, andGallibacterium anatis, were identified as indicator species of diseased samples. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the healthy group species is significantly higher than in the diseased groups. Beta diversity analysis also demonstrated differences between healthy and infected groups. The study concluded that 16S rRNA gene sequencing is a more sensitive method for detecting pathogens, and microbiota analysis can distinguish between healthy and diseased samples. Eventually, 16S rRNA gene sequencing has represented the potential in human and animal clinical diagnosis and novel bacterial identification.
Model-free machine learning-based 3D single molecule localisation microscopy
Authors: Boland Miguel A. , Lightley Jonathan P. E. , Garcia Edwin , Kumar Sunil , Dunsby Chris , Flaxman Seth , Neil Mark A. A. , French Paul M. W. , Cohen Edward A. K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSingle molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM) can provide two-dimensional super-resolved image data from conventional fluorescence microscopes, while three dimensional (3D) SMLM usually involves a modification of the microscope, e.g. to engineer a predictable axial variation in the point spread function. Here we demonstrate a 3D SMLM approach (we call“easyZloc”) utilising a lightweight Convolutional Neural Network that is generally applicable, including with “standard” (unmodified) fluorescence microscopes, and which we consider may be practically useful in a high throughput SMLM workflow. We demonstrate the reconstruction of nuclear pore complexes with comparable performance to previously reported methods but with a significant reduction in computational power and execution time. 3D reconstructions of the nuclear envelope and a tubulin sample over a larger axial range are also shown.
Beta-hairpin Mechanism of Autoinhibition and Activation in the Kinesin-2 Family
Authors: Webb Stephanie , Toropova Katerina , Mukhopadhyay Aakash G. , Nofal Stephanie D. , Roberts Anthony J. 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYMembers of the kinesin-2 family coordinate with other motors to power diverse physiological processes, but the structural mechanisms regulating kinesin-2 activity have been unknown. Distinctively, kinesin-2s canonically function as heterotrimers of two different motor subunits (e.g. Kif3A and Kif3B) and Kap3, but the role of heterotrimerization has yet to fully emerge. Here, we combine structural, cell biological, and single-molecule approaches to dissect kinesin-2 regulation as a heterodimer, heterotrimer, and quaternary complex with a cargo adaptor (APC). We identify a conserved motif in the tail of kinesin-2s (the beta-hairpin motif) that controls kinesin-2 motility by sequestering the motor domains away from their microtubule track, using striking molecular mimicry. Our data reveal how Kap3 binds via a multipartite interface with Kif3A and Kif3B, and – rather than activating motility directly – provides a platform on which cargo adaptors can engage and occlude the beta-hairpin motif. Together, these data articulate a structural framework for kinesin-2 activation, coordination with dynein, and adaptation for different biological functions.
Cataract induction in an arthropod reveals how lens crystallins contribute to the formation of ‘biological glass’
Authors: Mitra Amartya T. , Rathore Shubham , Jester Augusta , Hyland-Brown Ruby , Hassert J , Benoit Joshua B. , Stowasser Annette , Buschbeck Elke K. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryLenses are vital components of eyes, crafted through the precise arrangement of proteins to achieve transparency and focusing power, and placed appropriately within the eye for the retina to receive sharp, focused images. Maintaining these states is challenging due to substantial post-embryonic eye and lens growth. Here, we gain insights into required processes by exploring consequences of silencing Lens3, a key lens protein, during growth inThermonectus marmoratussunburst diving beetle larvae. We show thatlens3RNAileads to opaque aggregates reminiscent of vertebrate lens ‘cataracts,’ causing the projection of degraded images which impact behaviour in low light. Our findings uncover how complex biological lenses are constructed and further support that visual input is inconsequential for coordinated eye growth in this clade. We highlight the utility of this insect as a tractable model system to investigate the aetiology of lens cataracts and refractive errors in a sophisticated camera-type eye.Highlights●Crystallin protein knockdown induces central cataracts in an insect camera-type eye●Cataractous lenses project blurry images but have unchanged focal length●Resulting image degradation impacts behaviour in challenging low light conditions●Contrary to vertebrates, blurry vision does not affect refractive state
HIF-1α regulates mitochondrial function in bone marrow-derived macrophages, but not in tissue-resident alveolar macrophages
Authors: Woods Parker S. , Cetin-Atalay Rengül , Meliton Angelo Y. , Sun Kaitlyn A. , Shamaa Obada R. , Shin Kun Woo D. , Tian Yufeng , Haugen Benjamin , Hamanaka Robert B. , Mutlu Gökhan M. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryHIF-1α plays a critical role in shaping macrophage phenotype and effector function. We have previously shown that tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (TR-AMs) have extremely low glycolytic capacity at steady-state, but can shift toward glycolysis under hypoxic conditions. Here, using inducible HIF-1α knockout (Hif1a-/-) TR-AMs and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and show that TR-AM HIF-1α is required for the glycolytic shift under prolyl hydroxylase inhibition, but is dispensable at steady-state for inflammatory effector function. In contrast, HIF-1α deletion in BMDMs led to diminished glycolytic capacity at steady-state and reduced inflammatory capacity, but higher mitochondrial function. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed enhanced c-Myc transcriptional activity inHif1a-/-BMDMs, and upregulation of gene pathways related to ribosomal biogenesis and cellular proliferation. The findings highlight the heterogeneity of HIF-1α function in distinct macrophage populations and provide new insight into how HIF-1α regulates gene expression, inflammation, and metabolism in macrophages.
Assessing substrate scope of the cyclodehydratase LynD by mRNA display-enabled machine learning models
Authors: Steude Emma G. , Dieckhaus Henry , Pelton Jarrett M. , Kuhlman Brian , Bowers Albert A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMany of the biosynthetic pathways for ribosomal synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) natural products make use of multi-domain enzymes with separate recruitment and catalysis domains that separately bind and modify peptide substrates. This “division of labor” allows RiPP enzymes to use relatively open and promiscuous active sites to perform chemistry at multiple residues within a peptide substrate seemingly regardless of the surrounding context. Defining, measuring, and predicting the seemingly broad substrate promiscuity of RiPPs necessitates high throughput assays, capable of assessing activity against very large libraries of peptides. Using mRNA display, a high throughput peptide display technology, we examine the substrate promiscuity of the RiPP cyclodehydratase, LynD. The vast substrate profiling that can be done with mRNA display enables the construction of deep learning models for accurate prediction of substrate processing by LynD. These models further inform on epistatic interactions involved in enzymatic processing. This work will facilitate the further elucidation of other RiPP enzymes and enable their use in the modification of mRNA display libraries for selection of modified peptide-based inhibitors and therapeutics.
Differential expression and modulation of presenilin-1 and presenilin-2 in neural cell lines
Authors: Eccles Melissa K. , Woodfield Amy , Milligan Armstrong Ayeisha , Agostino Mark , Groth David M. , Verdile Giuseppe 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPresenilin proteins, the catalytic components of the γ-secretase enzyme, play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease primarily by generating amyloid-β peptides. Although often grouped together, Presenilin-1 (PS1) and Presenilin-2 (PS2) are distinct proteins that contribute differently to γ-secretase activity. This study examines the differential expression of PS1 and PS2 in various neuroblastoma and microglial cell lines, along with compensatory responses following the ablation of one presenilin homologue. Using quantitative immunoblotting, we show that PS1 and PS2 expression levels vary significantly across cell types. Notably, the ablation of PS2 results in increased PS1 expression, particularly in microglial cells, highlighting the importance of PS2. Additionally, neuronal differentiation of two neuroblastoma lines, caused changes in protein expression levels resulting in similar expression profiles of PS1 and PS2, with PS2 levels being higher than PS1. Understanding PS expression profiles is crucial for distinguishing between PS1- and PS2-mediated γ-secretase activity and for developing γ-secretase-targeted therapeutics with improved selectivity.
Secret professional deviance: the case of the independence rule
Authors: Picard Claire-France , Courtois Cynthia , Durocher Sylvain , Malo Angélique 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis paper examines how rank-and-file practitioners react to and negotiate uniformized professional standards imposed by the elites of their profession in order to embody their professional ideal.Design/methodology/approachWe explore this topic through the specific case of the Canadian independence rule. We mobilize Freidson’s and Becker’s conceptual tools to make sense of our data, generated through 55 interviews with rank-and-file practitioners.FindingsWe found that most rank-and-file practitioners override the (spirit of the) independence rule and engage in a process of secret deviance to pursue their professional ideal of accompanying their client in their business. Specifically, our analysis underlines how they find pleasure in fulfilling their professional ideal, seek to protect the secrecy that allows them to pursue this ideal while avoiding sanctions, and convince themselves of the morality of breaking the (spirit of the) rule in order to embody their conception of professionalism.Research limitations/implicationsOur analysis expands fieldwork on rank-and-file practitioners by offering an analysis of struggles they experienced in their daily practice and by bringing to light their path to secret “professional” deviance.Practical implicationsOur study points to the necessity for better consideration of the realities of professional segments when developing rules or standards.Originality/valueOur study develops a distinctive conceptual construct – the professionalism conception gap – to explain how secret “professional” deviance can unfold within a profession. This construct could be mobilized to further understand the divergences that can exist within broader professional spheres.
Affirmative action and government initiatives to improve gender equality in India: a retrospective view
Authors: Sahoo Debashish Kumar , Lenka Usha 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis paper discusses the problems of gender equality in society, the workplace and the household in the specific context of India. It explicates the past and the present gender diversity initiatives by government machinery to bring gender equality through affirmative action.Design/methodology/approachThe design, methodology and approach involve a general review.FindingsDeveloped countries have taken initiatives for gender equality almost in the pre-20th century and were partially successful. Despite gender diversity and affirmative action and legislation, bias still prevails in varied forms. In the case of India, the movement for gender equality started post-independence (1947). Still, there is a high disparity between men and women in society as well as in various occupations, as it is evident through a huge difference in salary, responsibilities, perquisites, recognition and promotions offered to men and women. India needs more transformation in the culture, statutory bodies and the mindset of patriarchal societies, to achieve gender equality. The legislative changes have faced resistance in their implementation due to social, cultural and religious issues, and the expectations and perceptions toward females have not been changed by the patriarchal society.Originality/valueThis paper deciphers the gender equality movement in developing countries like India, and how the planning commission of India focuses on women’s development and government machinery tries to bring down the gender gap through affirmative action. Why, in spite of all these efforts, India is not able to minimize the gender gap and concludes with reasons and implications.
The impact of social determinants of health on international migrants’ health outcomes: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Sweileh Waleed 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
The aim of this study is to conduct an in-depth exploration of the research landscape concerning the impact of social determinants of health (SDH) on the health outcomes of international migrants.

Design/methodology/approach
Leveraging the extensive Scopus database, this study retrieved a total of 2,255 articles spanning the years 1993–2023. The framework for analysis used the SDH categories outlined by the World Health Organization.

Findings
The research landscape exhibited an apparent increase in the number of publications, but not a net increase in the research productivity. The USA emerged as the leading contributor to research output, with the Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health emerging as the most prolific publication venue, and the University of Toronto ranking as the most prolific institution. The SDH category that received the highest number of publications was the “community and social context”. Migrants from different regions in Asia (East, Central and South Asia) and those from Latin America and the Caribbean region appeared to be the most commonly researched. Highly cited articles predominantly delved into mental health outcomes arising from discrimination and migration policies.

Research limitations/implications
The findings proffer valuable insights for shaping future research endeavors, accentuating the imperative for diversified studies encompassing underrepresented domains, broader health outcomes and the inclusion of migrant populations from different world regions in investigative pursuits.

Originality/value
This study delivers a comprehensive analysis of the research landscape, unveiling critical trends in the realm of SDH and migrant health outcomes.
Long-term impact of COVID-19-related health restrictions on occupational competence and values
Authors: Biard Nicolas , Doussin Aline , Pouplin Samuel 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to determine the long-term effect (at 15 months) of lockdown on occupational competence and values.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 391 participants who participated in the first phase of the study (i.e. a previous study conducted during lockdown) were included. They completed an online version of the Occupational Self-Assessment. The results were compared with Phase 1 scores.

Findings
Occupational competence scores reduced during lockdown and increased 15 months later, but they did not return to pre-lockdown levels. The value score was lower 15 months after lockdown than pre-lockdown. The personal value system, which began to change during lockdown, was further changed at 15 months.

Originality/value
This study confirms that the spring 2020 lockdown had a long-term impact on occupational competence and values.
One size does not fit all: deciphering the interdependence between barriers hindering SMEs’ involvement in public sector procurement
Authors: Akenroye Temidayo O. , Oyedijo Adegboyega , Abubakre Alim , Zsidisin George , El Baz Jamal , Vishnu C. R. 
Published: October 2024

PurposeDespite their significant economic impact, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) remain underrepresented in public procurement. While previous research has identified the barriers facing SMEs in public procurement markets, a knowledge gap still exists on how these barriers influence one another in a specific context.Design/methodology/approachThis study developed a hierarchical structural model that reveals the contextual interrelationships between 14 notable barriers to SME involvement in public procurement, based on evidence from the publicly funded healthcare sector in the UK. The data were analyzed using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and matrix impact of cross-multiplication applied to categorization (MICMAC).FindingsThe results systematically classify barriers based on their hierarchical relationships, offering a robust theoretical foundation for understanding their nature and interconnections.Practical implicationsThe findings can help scholars, government administrators and politicians in government-funded healthcare systems determine the most influential barriers to SME involvement and their causes, enabling them to build viable remedies.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical study to examine the relationship between the barriers to SMEs' public health procurement, using evidence from the public health procurement context.
The present and future of child sexual abuse on the metaverse: recommendations for an innovative approach to law enforcement responses
Authors: Choi Kyung-Shick , Sanders Whitney , Lee Claire Seungeun 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to diagnose and analyze the current state of child sexual violence in the Metaverse through thematic analysis, identifying patterns and empirically diagnosing issues and (2) to enhance cybercrime investigation capabilities and public safety training in Metaverse investigations in the future.

Design/methodology/approach
By using thematic analysis, the study examines online child sexual violence victimization cases in the Metaverse, collecting data through keyword searches in newspapers and court records.

Research limitations/implications
This study provides detailed policy recommendations for building trust between the government and citizens involved in the digital age.

Originality/value
The research endeavors harbor a dual focus: first, to meticulously dissect and comprehend the prevalent landscape of child sexual violence within the intricate realms of the Metaverse. Through rigorous thematic analysis, the authors endeavor to unearth underlying patterns, diagnose empirical realities and illuminate the pressing issues at hand. Second, the authors aspire to fortify the arsenal of cybercrime investigation techniques, bolstering the capacity for future Metaverse inquiries. Using thematic analysis, the study meticulously scrutinizes a dozen cases of online child sexual violence, meticulously gathering data from diverse sources such as newspapers and court records. The implications of the research extend far beyond academia, offering concrete policy recommendations to safeguard vulnerable denizens of the Metaverse.