bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A practical comparison of temporal artery thermometry and axillary thermometry in neonates under different environments
Authors: Sim Ming Ann , Leow Syen Yee , Hao Ying , Yeo Cheo Lian 
Published: May 2016

AimThermoregulatory stability and monitoring are crucial in neonatal care. However, the current standard of temperature measurement using Axillary Thermometry (AT) poses multiple limitations. Temporal Artery Thermometry (TT) is a promising new method, which thus begs the question: Can TT replace AT in neonates? Previous studies reveal conflicting results, with none involving a Southeast‐Asian multi‐ethnic neonatal population under different environments.MethodsA 6‐month prospective comparative study involving neonates managed in a tertiary neonatal centre. Subjects were divided into 4 groups based on the required nursing environment: A) Room air B) Phototherapy C) Radiant warmers D) Incubators. Six hundred and sixty‐one paired TT and AT temperature readings were obtained, with concurrent FLACC scoring to evaluate the discomfort associated with each thermometry method.ResultsTT readings were higher than AT in all groups. The mean temperature difference between both methods (TT–AT) was lowest in Group A (0.10 ± 0.19°C), followed by Groups B (0.50 ± 0.33°C), C (0.97 ± 0.76°C) and D (1.15 ± 0.57°C) respectively. Bland‐Altman analysis revealed good clinical agreement (± 0.5°C) between both methods in Group A (7−0.27,0.47). However, Groups B (−0.14,1.13), C (−0.51,2.45) and D (0.03,2.27) showed poor agreement. Multiple GEE analysis revealed Malay ethnicity to be an additional predictor of decreased TT–AT ( β = −0.13, p = 0.012). Compared to TT, AT was associated with higher discomfort levels (p <0.001).ConclusionsGiven the good agreement and increased comfort with TT use, our study confirms that TT is comparable to AT for neonates nursed in room air. TT is therefore recommended for the temperature screening and monitoring of neonates nursed on ambient air. Its use in other environments and factors predictive of comparability of both methods requires further study.
Assessment of skinfold thickness equations in estimating body composition in children with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Callias Céline , Ezri Jessica , Marques‐Vidal Pedro Manuel , Nydegger Andreas 
Published: May 2016

AimTo assess the agreement of commonly used skinfold thickness equations to estimate percentage of Fat Mass (FM%) in paediatric patients with IBD, in comparison with dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA).MethodsTwenty‐one paediatric IBD patients were included: 11 females and 10 males; mean age for the entire group: 14.3 years, range 12–16 years, 16 with Crohn's disease, five with ulcerative colitis. The FM% was calculated using six established paediatric skinfold thickness equations and compared to the results obtained by DEXA. The statistical analysis was performed using Spearman's correlation, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient and corresponding 95% confidence interval, Bland–Altman's limits of agreement method and the Bradley–Blackwood test.ResultsCorrelation between skinfold and DEXA values ranged between 0.85 (Deurenberg) and 0.92 (Durnin and Rahaman and Johnston), all P < 0.001. Lin's concordance correlation coefficients and (95% confidence interval) ranged between 0.702 (0.512–0.891) for the Deurenberg equation and 0.876 (0.779–0.972) for the Brook equation. Average differences between skinfold and DEXA values ranged between −3.6% (Deurenberg) and 2.5% (Weststrate). Bland–Altman limits of agreement were wide, spanning over 10%. Finally, the Bradley–Blackwood test of equality of means and variances was significant in all but the Durnin and Rahaman equation.ConclusionIn adolescents with IBD, fat mass calculated from six skinfold thickness equations showed good correlation but poor agreement with reference values from DEXA. Assessment of body composition using skinfold thickness equations cannot be recommended in paediatric patients with IBD.
Impact of family structure and socio‐demographic characteristics on child health and wellbeing in same‐sex parent families: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Crouch Simon Robert , McNair Ruth , Waters Elizabeth 
Published: May 2016

AimChildren with same‐sex attracted parents develop well in terms of their health and wellbeing. There are many recognised factors that have an impact on child health, in general, including individual, family and wider social mediators. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of family structure and socio‐demographic characteristics on child health and wellbeing in Australian same‐sex parent families.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of self‐identified same‐sex attracted parents from across Australia was used to collect information on child health and wellbeing between May and December 2012. Mixed‐effects multiple linear regression models were used to identify associations between family structure/socio‐demographic characteristics and child wellbeing. Child health outcomes were measured using the Child Health Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.ResultsIn same‐sex parent families, biological relationships, parental gender and parental education were not significantly associated with health and wellbeing. Parental income, rurality and stable parental relationships were associated with health and wellbeing, and living in a single‐parent household was associated with poorer wellbeing.ConclusionsStable dual parent families offer good outcomes for children with same‐sex attracted parents. Family processes are most important. This study does not support the assertion that children require both male and female parents, nor that biological relationships are essential to health and wellbeing. This study provides scientific data from a cross‐sectional Australian‐based study to describe and understand health determinants for children in family contexts that comprise same‐sex parent and all family contexts. It recommends equitable, stigma‐free family support.
Japanese Participants at International Congress of Psychology Pre‐WWII
Authors: Takasuna Miki 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the present paper, the early contribution of Japanese psychologists at the International Congress of Psychology (ICP) was evaluated after scrutinizing every formal ICP report. From the 11 ICPs held prior to WWII, 25 Japanese names were registered. Among them, 18 Japanese participated, though only six presented. The first two participants, while not degreed psychologists, did present, and this suggests that by the end of the 19th century, Japanese scholars were academically ready for international exchange. Despite only a small number of Japanese scholars having participated by the 1940s, their constant involvement at ICPs led Japan to becoming a charter member of the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS) in 1951.
Dietary Supplementation with Butyrate and Polyhydroxybutyrate on the Performance of Pacific White Shrimp in Biofloc Systems
Authors: da Silva Bruno Corrêa , Jatobá Adolfo , Schleder Delano Dias , Vieira Felipe do Nascimento , Mouriño José Luiz Pedreira , Seiffert Walter Quadros 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with sodium butyrate or polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) on growth performance, as well as changes in intestinal microbiota and hemato‐immunological parameters, of Litopenaeus vannamei reared under a superintensive biofloc system. Twelve 800‐L tanks were each stocked with 250 shrimp/m3 (3.96 ± 0.04 g mean initial weight) and reared over a 6‐wk period. The basal diet and two test diets supplemented with 2% of each feed additive. At the conclusion of the growth trial shrimp fed with the butyrate‐supplemented diet, as compared with the control shrimp, showed higher survival and productivity and lower total bacterial and Thiosulfate‐citrate‐bile salts‐sucrose Agar (TCBS) counts in the intestine. However, no differences were observed in other performance parameters analyzed. Shrimp fed with both supplementation regimens also showed an increase in total and granular hemocytes, as well as an increase in serum agglutination titer. Shrimp offered diets supplemented with sodium butyrate had higher counts of hyaline cells. Thus, for L. vannamei reared in a superintensive biofloc system, it can be concluded that dietary supplementation of sodium butyrate, more so than PHB, acted as an immune system modulator by reducing the concentration of pathogenic bacteria in shrimp gut, thereby increasing survival and productivity.
Effects of Different Carbon Sources on Bioactive Compound Production of Biofloc, Immune Response, Antioxidant Level, and Growth Performance of Litopenaeus vannamei in Zero‐water Exchange Culture Tanks
Authors: Zhao Dahu , Pan Luqing , Huang Fei , Wang Chao , Xu Wujie 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the development and bioactive compounds of biofloc promoted by adding molasses and wheat bran to zero‐water exchange culture tanks and their effects on physiological parameters and growth performance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei (initial weight: 6.8 ± 0.4 g). Different combinations of molasses and wheat bran were added as carbon sources: T1, 100% molasses; T2, 50% molasses + 50% wheat bran; T3, 25% molasses + 75% wheat bran. Clear water tanks with water exchange served as the control group (control). After the 30‐d experiment, the development of biofloc in terms of total suspended solids (TSS) and biofloc volume (BFV) showed significant differences in the three biofloc treatments, especially the highest levels of TSS and BFV observed in T3. The levels of poly‐beta‐hydroxybutyrate or polysaccharide in the biofloc of T1 and T2 were significantly higher than those in T3. Meanwhile, compared with the control group, most of the immune and antioxidant parameters and growth performance of shrimp were significantly enhanced in biofloc treatments, especially in T1 or T2. In conclusion, different carbon sources could effectively affect the development and bioactive compounds of biofloc, which could improve physiological health status and growth performance of shrimp in zero‐water exchange systems.
High‐throughput Cryopreservation of Sperm from Sex‐reversed Southern Flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma
Authors: Hu E , Cuevas‐Uribe Rafael , Yang Huiping , Sanderson Robin , Gill Adriane O. , Daniels Harry , Tiersch Terrence R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, is a valuable aquaculture fish with established markets in the USA. All‐female production in this species is an important technology for aquaculture because the females usually have body sizes twice those of males at the same age, and sex‐reversed males (genotypic XX neomales) are used for all‐female production by crossing with genetically normal females. However, sperm volume from the neomales is usually small (<0.5 mL) and limits their application for all‐female fish production. Cryopreservation of sperm from these sex‐reversed neomales will provide access on demand with increased efficiency to extend the application of neomales. The goal of this study was to develop a protocol for cryopreservation of sperm from the Southern flounder by using an automated high‐throughput processing system. The objectives were to: (1) determine the effect of osmolality on activation of sperm motility; (2) evaluate the effect of extender solutions on sperm motility capacity; (3) evaluate the acute toxicity of cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol) on sperm motility, and (4) estimate the effect of cooling rate on sperm cryopreservation and post‐thaw fertilization. Sperm motility was activated when osmolality was 400 mOsmol/kg or higher. Of the three extender buffers tested, HEPES4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1‐piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) at 300 mOsmol/kg resulted in better protection for sperm motility than did Hanks' balanced salt solution and Mounib solution at 300 mOsmol/kg during 7 d of refrigerated storage. After 30 min equilibration with the cryoprotectant of 15% DMSO, sperm motility was 24 ± 21% (fresh sperm motility without any cryoprotectants was 42%). After cooling at a rate of 20 C/min, post‐thaw sperm motility was 8 ± 5% and fertilization was 63 ± 40% evaluated at the 32–64 cell stage (5 × 105 sperm per egg). Overall, a protocol was developed for sperm cryopreservation in the Southern flounder with high‐throughput processing, which provides a tool to preserve the valuable genetic resources from neomale flounders, and enables germplasm repository development for the Southern flounder.
Evolutionary history and conservation significance of the Javan leopard Panthera pardus melas
Authors: Wilting A. , Patel R. , Pfestorf H. , Kern C. , Sultan K. , Ario A. , Peñaloza F. , Kramer‐Schadt S. , Radchuk V. , Foerster D. W. , Fickel J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe leopard Panthera pardus is widely distributed across Africa and Asia; however, there is a gap in its natural distribution in Southeast Asia, where it occurs on the mainland and on Java but not on the interjacent island of Sumatra. Several scenarios have been proposed to explain this distribution gap. Here, we complemented an existing dataset of 68 leopard mtDNA sequences from Africa and Asia with mtDNA sequences (NADH5 + ctrl, 724 bp) from 19 Javan leopards, and hindcasted leopard distribution to the Pleistocene to gain further insights into the evolutionary history of the Javan leopard. Our data confirmed that Javan leopards are evolutionarily distinct from other Asian leopards, and that they have been present on Java since the Middle Pleistocene. Species distribution projections suggest that Java was likely colonized via a Malaya‐Java land bridge that by‐passed Sumatra, as suitable conditions for leopards during Pleistocene glacial periods were restricted to northern and western Sumatra. As fossil evidence supports the presence of leopards on Sumatra at the beginning of the Late Pleistocene, our projections are consistent with a scenario involving the extinction of leopards on Sumatra as a consequence of the Toba super volcanic eruption (~74 kya). The impact of this eruption was minor on Java, suggesting that leopards managed to survive here. Currently, only a few hundred leopards still live in the wild and only about 50 are managed in captivity. Therefore, this unique and distinctive subspecies requires urgent, concerted conservation efforts, integrating in situ and ex situ conservation management activities in a One Plan Approach to species conservation management.
Genomewide ancestry and divergence patterns from low‐coverage sequencing data reveal a complex history of admixture in wild baboons
Authors: Wall Jeffrey D. , Schlebusch Stephen A. , Alberts Susan C. , Cox Laura A. , Snyder‐Mackler Noah , Nevonen Kimberly A. , Carbone Lucia , Tung Jenny 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNaturally occurring admixture has now been documented in every major primate lineage, suggesting its key role in primate evolutionary history. Active primate hybrid zones can provide valuable insight into this process. Here, we investigate the history of admixture in one of the best‐studied natural primate hybrid zones, between yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and anubis baboons (Papio anubis) in the Amboseli ecosystem of Kenya. We generated a new genome assembly for yellow baboon and low‐coverage genomewide resequencing data from yellow baboons, anubis baboons and known hybrids (n = 44). Using a novel composite likelihood method for estimating local ancestry from low‐coverage data, we found high levels of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation between the parent taxa, and excellent agreement between genome‐scale ancestry estimates and a priori pedigree, life history and morphology‐based estimates (r2 = 0.899). However, even putatively unadmixed Amboseli yellow individuals carried a substantial proportion of anubis ancestry, presumably due to historical admixture. Further, the distribution of shared vs. fixed differences between a putatively unadmixed Amboseli yellow baboon and an unadmixed anubis baboon, both sequenced at high coverage, is inconsistent with simple isolation–migration or equilibrium migration models. Our findings suggest a complex process of intermittent contact that has occurred multiple times in baboon evolutionary history, despite no obvious fitness costs to hybrids or major geographic or behavioural barriers. In combination with the extensive phenotypic data available for baboon hybrids, our results provide valuable context for understanding the history of admixture in primates, including in our own lineage.
Evaluation of incubation time for dermatophytes cultures
Authors: Rezusta Antonio , de la Fuente Sonia , Gilaberte Yolanda , Vidal‐García Matxalen , Alcalá Leticia , López‐Calleja Ana , Ruiz Maria Angeles , Revillo Maria José 
Published: May 2016

SummaryIn general, it is recommended to incubate dermatophytes cultures for a minimum of 4 weeks. Several aspects of routine fungal cultures should be evaluated in order to implement appropriate and necessary changes. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum incubation time for routine dermatophytes cultures, analysing the time to find first fungal growth by visual observation. We recorded the time when the initial growth was detected for all dermatophyte isolates during a 4‐year period. A total of 5459 dermatophyte cultures were submitted to our laboratory. From the total cultures, only 16 (1.42%) isolates were recovered over/after 17 days of incubation and only three dermatophyte species were recovered over 17 days. Fourteen isolates belong to Trichophyton rubrum, one isolate to Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex and one isolate to Epidermophyton floccosum. We concluded that an incubation period of 17 days is enough to establish a microbiological diagnosis of dermatophytosis.
Habitat conditions and phenological tree traits overrule the influence of tree genotype in the needle mycobiome–Picea glauca system at an arctic treeline ecotone
Authors: Eusemann Pascal , Schnittler Martin , Nilsson R. Henrik , Jumpponen Ari , Dahl Mathilde B. , Würth David G. , Buras Allan , Wilmking Martin , Unterseher Martin 
Published: May 2016

Summary

Plant‐associated mycobiomes in extreme habitats are understudied and poorly understood.

We analysed Illumina‐generated ITS1 sequences from the needle mycobiome of white spruce (Picea glauca) at the northern treeline in Alaska (USA). Sequences were obtained from the same DNA that was used for tree genotyping. In the present study, fungal metabarcoding and tree microsatellite data were compared for the first time.

In general, neighbouring trees shared more fungal taxa with each other than trees growing in further distance. Mycobiomes correlated strongly with phenological host traits and local habitat characteristics contrasting a dense forest stand with an open treeline site. Genetic similarity between trees did not influence fungal composition and no significant correlation existed between needle mycobiome and tree genotype.

Our results suggest the pronounced influence of local habitat conditions and phenotypic tree traits on needle‐inhabiting fungi. By contrast, the tree genetic identity cannot be benchmarked as a dominant driver for needle‐inhabiting mycobiomes, at least not for white spruce in this extreme environment.
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is associated with pet ownership in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Thronicke Anja , Heger Nikola , Antweiler Elisabeth , Krannich Alexander , Roehmel Jobst , Brandt Claudia , Staab Doris , Tintelnot Kathrin , Schwarz Carsten 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundLate diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is associated with significant lung function decline and morbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF). The association of ABPA and domestic pet ownership in patients with CF has not been elucidated yet. Our objective was to determine the association of ABPA with pet ownership in patients with CF.MethodsClinical and microbiological data from certified local patient registry were analyzed for 109 patients with CF aged 1–64 years: 55 pet owner and 54 non‐pet owners. The primary outcome of the retrospective observational study was the occurrence of ABPA in pet owners and non‐pet owners with CF. The free statistical software R was utilized to investigate logistic regression models for association factors.ResultsOf the 109 patients included in the study, 61 (56%) were female. The mean age of the total group was 25.4 ± 13.2 years. Adjusted analysis revealed that ABPA (OR 5.0227, 95% CI: 1.182–21.340, p = 0.029) was associated with pet ownership in patients with CF. Furthermore, ABPA in pet owners with CF was associated with an increased number of exacerbations (OR 6.446, 95% CI: 1.057–39.328, p = 0.043). Other outcomes did not significantly differ.ConclusionOwning a pet was associated with ABPA in patients with CF. Future prospective multicenter longitudinal studies are needed to investigate chronological causality between pet ownership, ABPA development, and pulmonary exacerbations and to determine whether these estimates are generalizable for ABPA susceptible patients beyond CF (asthma, bronchiectasis).
Hydraulic conductance and the maintenance of water balance in flowers
Authors: Roddy Adam B. , Brodersen Craig R. , Dawson Todd E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFlowers face desiccating conditions, yet little is known about their ability to transport water. We quantified variability in floral hydraulic conductance (Kflower) for 20 species from 10 families and related it to traits hypothesized to be associated with liquid and vapour phase water transport. Basal angiosperm flowers had trait values associated with higher water and carbon costs than monocot and eudicot flowers.Kflowerwas coordinated with water supply (vein length per area,VLA) and loss (minimum epidermal conductance,gmin) traits among the magnoliids, but was insensitive to variation in these traits among the monocots and eudicots. Phylogenetic independent contrast (PIC) correlations revealed that few traits had undergone coordinated evolution. However,VLAand the desiccation time (Tdes), the quotient of water content andgmin, had significant trait and PIC correlations. The near absence of stomata from monocot and eudicot flowers may have been critical in minimizing water loss rates among these clades. Early divergent, basal angiosperm flowers maintain higherKflowerbecause of traits associated with high rates water loss and water supply, while monocot and eudicot flowers employ a more conservative strategy of limiting water loss and may rely on stored water to maintain turgor and delay desiccation.