bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Abilities to Navigate Through the Grey Zones in Complex Environments: Nurses’ Reasons for Applying to a Clinical Ethics Residency for Nurses
Authors: Jurchak Martha , Grace Pamela J. , Lee Susan M. , Willis Danny G. , Zollfrank Angelika A. , Robinson Ellen M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground and PurposeNurses face complex ethical issues in practice and have to determine appropriate actions. An inability to conceptualize or follow a preferred course of action can give rise to moral uncertainty or moral distress. Both moral uncertainty and moral distress are problematic for nurses and their patients. A program designed to increase nurse confidence in moral decision making, the clinical ethics residency for nurses (CERN), was offered selectively to nurses affiliated with two academic medical centers. This is a report of the analysis of their application essays.DesignOver a 3‐year period, 67 application essays were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Applicants comprised one third advanced practice nurses (APNs) and two thirds staff nurses. They were asked to describe their reasons for interest in the CERN and how they would apply the knowledge gained.MethodsFor conventional content analyses, no theoretical presumptions are used; rather, codes are identified from the data in an iterative manner and eventually collapsed into themes. Initially, broad themes were identified by the CERN team. Subsequently, in‐depth and recursive readings were completed by a subset of three members, resulting in refinement of themes and subthemes.FindingsThe overarching theme identified was “developing abilities to navigate through the ‘grey zones’ in complex environments.” Three subthemes were: (a) nurses encountering patients who are chronically critically ill, culturally diverse, and presenting with complex circumstances; (b) nurses desiring enhanced ethics knowledge and skills to improve quality of care, understand different perspectives, and act as a resource for others; and (c) nurses supporting and facilitating patient‐centered ethical decision making.ConclusionsFindings are consistent with those appearing in the international literature but provide a more cohesive and comprehensive account than previously, and hold promise for the development of educational and policy strategies to address moral distress and uncertainty.Clinical RelevanceThis study is relevant to clinical practice in its verification of the need nurses have for ethics knowledge, skill refinement, and application through communication. These findings affirmed the challenge that nurses feel in communicating their ethical concerns in an effective and engaging way and their commitment to advocacy and improvement in the quality of care for patients.
Perceptions of Smartphone User‐Centered Mobile Health Tracking Apps Across Various Chronic Illness Populations: An Integrative Review
Authors: Birkhoff Susan D. , Smeltzer Suzanne C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeThis integrative review presents a synthesis of the current qualitative research addressing the motivating factors, usability, and experiences of mobile health tracking applications (apps) across various chronic disease populations.DesignIntegrative review of the literature.MethodsDatabases used to conduct this integrative review included: PubMed Plus, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Google Scholar, Science Direct, and EBSCO megafile. The following search terms were used in all five databases: smartphone apps, apps, mHealth, eHealth, mobile health apps, health tracking apps, user‐centered apps, wireless technology, engagement, qualitative, and usability.FindingsThe initial literature review yielded 689 results. Once inclusion and exclusion criteria were employed, 11 studies met the criteria set forth for this review. The reviewed studies provided insight into users’ perceptions, experiences, and motivations to incorporate smartphone mobile health apps into their daily lives when living with chronic illnesses.ConclusionsThis review indicates the growing interest in user‐centered mobile health tracking apps, but with little understanding of motivating factors that foster sustained app use. Mobile health tracking apps targeted to users with chronic conditions need to have a high level of usability in order to motivate users to sustain engagement with their mobile health tracking app.Clinical RelevanceUser‐centered mobile health tracking app technology is being used with increasing frequency to potentially provide individualized support to chronic illness populations.
Quality of Work Life, Nurses’ Intention to Leave the Profession, and Nurses Leaving the Profession: A One‐Year Prospective Survey
Authors: Lee Ya‐Wen , Dai Yu‐Tzu , Chang Mei Yeh , Chang Yue‐Cune , Yao Kaiping Grace , Liu Mei‐Chun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeTo examine the associations among quality of work life, nurses’ intention to leave the profession, and nurses leaving the profession.DesignA prospective study design was used.MethodsParticipants were 1,283 hospital nurses with a purposive sampling in Taiwan. The self‐reported questionnaire consisted of three questionnaires: the Chinese version of the Quality of Nursing Work Life scale, an intention‐to‐leave profession questionnaire, and a demographic questionnaire. Records of nurses leaving the profession were surveyed 1 year later. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.FindingsAs many as 720 nurses (56.1%) had tendencies to leave their profession. However, only 31 nurses (2.5%) left their profession 1 year later. Nurses’ intention to leave the profession mediated the relationship between the milieu of respect and autonomy, quality of work life, and nurses leaving the profession.ConclusionsThe milieu of respect and autonomy describing the quality of work life predicts the nurses’ intention to leave the profession, and together these predict nurses leaving the profession.Clinical RelevanceThis study illustrates that nurse managers could provide effective interventions to ameliorate the milieu of respect and autonomy aspect of quality of work life to prevent nurses from leaving their profession.
Effects of Moringa oleifera leaves as a substitute for alfalfa meal on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, carcass trait, meat quality, antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters of rabbits
Authors: Sun B. , Zhang Y. , Ding M. , Xi Q. , Liu G. , Li Y. , Liu D. , Chen X. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThis contribution reports the effects of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLs) meal on the growth performances, nutrient digestibility, carcass trait, meat quality, antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters of growing New Zealand white rabbits. The MOL was substituted for alfalfa meal at levels of 0, 10%, 20% and 30% to obtain respective diets MOL0, MOL10, MOL20 and MOL30. Each treatment was replicated five times with 10 rabbits per replicate. Results showed the average daily weight gain (ADWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of rabbits fed MOL20 diet were significantly better (p < 0.05) than those of other three dietary groups. Liver and spleen index of rabbits fed MOL20 and MOL30 diets was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the groups fed with lower M. oleifera leaves (MOL0, MOL10). The meat drip loss of rabbits fed with diet MOL10 was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of rabbits fed other diets. All rabbits fed MOL dietary groups had lower (p < 0.05) shear force of longissimus dorsi than the group without M. oleifera leaves. No significant differences were found in the digestibility of crude fibre (CF), crude fat (EE), ash, crude protein (CP) and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) among the dietary groups. Moringa oleifera leaves also have a significant impact on serum albumin (ALB), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), triiodothyroxine (T3) and tetraiodothyroxine (T4) values and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum and liver. The results indicated that M. oleifera leaves could be developed as a good feed source, and it not only could substitute for alfalfa meal well but also has a significant effect on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant and biochemical parameters of rabbits.
Regulation of bone mineral density in the grey squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis: Bioavailability of calcium oxalate, and implications for bark stripping
Authors: Nichols C. P. , Gregory N. G. , Goode N. , Gill R. M. A. , Drewe J. A. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe damage caused when grey squirrels strip the outer bark off trees and ingest the underlying phloem can result in reduced timber quality or tree death. This is extremely costly to the UK forestry industry and can alter woodland composition, hampering conservation efforts. The calcium hypothesis proposes that grey squirrels ingest phloem to ameliorate a seasonal calcium deficiency. Calcium in the phloem predominantly takes the form of calcium oxalate (CaOx), however not all mammals can utilise CaOx as a source of calcium. Here, we present the results of a small‐scale study to determine the extent to which grey squirrels can utilise CaOx. One of three custom‐made diets containing calcium in varying forms and quantities (CaOx diet, Low‐calcium carbonate (CaCO3) diet and Control diet) were fed to three treatment groups of six squirrels for 8 weeks. Bone densitometric properties were measured at the end of this time using peripheral quantitative computed tomography and micro‐computed tomography. Pyridinoline—a serum marker of bone resorption—was measured regularly throughout the study. Bone mineral density and cortical mineralisation were lower in squirrels fed the CaOx diet compared to the Control group but similar to that of those on the Low‐calcium diet, suggesting that calcium from calcium oxalate was not effectively utilised to maintain bone mineralisation. Whilst no differences were observed in serum pyridinoline levels between individuals on different diets, females had on average higher levels than males throughout the study. Future work should seek to determine if this apparent lack of ability to utilise CaOx is common to a large sample of grey squirrels and if so, whether it is consistent across all areas and seasons.
The Compositae Tree of Life in the age of phylogenomics
Authors: Mandel Jennifer R. , Barker Michael S. , Bayer Randall J. , Dikow Rebecca B. , Gao Tian‐Gang , Jones Katy E. , Keeley Sterling , Kilian Norbert , Ma Hong , Siniscalchi Carolina M. , Susanna Alfonso , Thapa Ramhari , Watson Linda , Funk Vicki A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractComprising more than 25 000 species, the Sunflower Family (Compositae or Asteraceae) is the largest family of flowering plants. Many of its lineages have experienced recent and rapid radiations, and the family has a deep and widespread history of large‐scale gene duplications and polyploidy. Many of the most important evolutionary questions about the family's diversity remain unanswered due to poor resolution and lack of support for major nodes of the phylogeny. Our group has employed a phylogenomics approach using Hyb‐Seq that includes sequencing ∼1000 low‐copy number nuclear markers, plus partial plastomes for large numbers of species. Here we discuss our progress to date and present two phylogenies comprising nine subfamilies and 25 tribes using concatenated and coalescence‐based analyses. We discuss future plans for incorporating high‐quality reference genomes and transcriptomes to advance systematic and evolutionary studies in the Compositae. While we have made great strides toward developing tools for employing phylogenomics and resolving relationships within Compositae, much work remains. Recently formed global partnerships will work to solve the unanswered evolutionary questions for this megafamily.
Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after oral, intramuscular and bath administration in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)
Authors: Shan Q. , Fan J. , Wang J. , Zhu X. , Yin Y. , Zheng G. 
Published: June 2017

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (ENR) was studied in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) after single administration by intramuscular (IM) injection and oral gavage (PO) at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight and by 5 mg/L bath for 5 hr at 25°C. The plasma concentrations of ENR and ciprofloxacin (CIP) were determined by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on mean ENR or CIP concentrations using WinNonlin 6.1 software. After IM, PO and bath administration, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 2.29, 3.24 and 0.36 μg/ml was obtained at 4.08, 0.68 and 0 hr, respectively; the elimination half‐life (T1/2β) was 80.95, 62.17 and 61.15 hr, respectively; the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) values were 223.46, 162.72 and 14.91 μg hr/ml, respectively. CIP, an active metabolite of enrofloxacin, was detected and measured after all methods of drug administration except bath. It is possible and practical to obtain therapeutic blood concentrations of enrofloxacin in the crucian carp using IM, PO and bath immersion administration.
Refractory materials in comet samples
Authors: Joswiak D. J. , Brownlee D. E. , Nguyen A. N. , Messenger S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTransmission electron microscope examination of more than 250 fragments, >1 μm from comet Wild 2 and a giant cluster interplanetary dust particle (GCP) of probable cometary origin has revealed four new calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusions (CAIs), an amoeboid olivine aggregate (AOA), and an additional AOA or Al‐rich chondrule (ARC) object. All of the CAIs have concentric mineral structures and are composed of spinel + anorthite cores surrounded by Al,Ti clinopyroxenes and are similar to two previous CAIs discovered in Wild 2. All of the cometary refractory objects are of moderate refractory character. The mineral assemblages, textures, and bulk compositions of the comet CAIs are similar to nodules in fine‐grained, spinel‐rich inclusions (FGIs) found in primitive chondrites and like the nodules may be nebular condensates that were altered via solid–gas reactions in the solar nebula. Oxygen isotopes collected on one Wild 2 CAI also match FGIs. The lack of the most refractory inclusions in the comet samples may reflect the higher abundances of small moderately refractory CAI nodules that were produced in the nebula and the small sample sizes collected. In the comet samples, approximately 2–3% of all fragments larger than 1 μm, by number, are CAIs and nearly 50% of all bulbous Stardust tracks contain at least one CAI. We estimate that ~0.5 volume % of Wild 2 material and ~1 volume % of GCP is in the form of CAIs. ARCs and AOAs account for <1% of the Wild 2 and GCP grains by number.
Different mechanisms of Trichoderma virens‐mediated resistance in tomato against Fusarium wilt involve the jasmonic and salicylic acid pathways
Authors: Jogaiah Sudisha , Abdelrahman Mostafa , Tran Lam‐Son Phan , Ito Shin‐Ichi 
Published: June 2017

SummaryIn the present study, we investigated the role of Trichoderma virens (TriV_JSB100) spores or cell‐free culture filtrate in the regulation of growth and activation of the defence responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by the development of a biocontrol–plant–pathogen interaction system. Two‐week‐old tomato seedlings primed with TriV_JSB100 spores cultured on barley grains (BGS) or with cell‐free culture filtrate (CF) were inoculated with Fusarium pathogen under glasshouse conditions; this resulted in significantly lower disease incidence in tomato Oogata‐Fukuju plants treated with BGS than in those treated with CF. To dissect the pathways associated with this response, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signalling in BGS‐ and CF‐induced resistance was evaluated using JA‐ and SA‐impaired tomato lines. We observed that JA‐deficient mutant def1 plants were susceptible to Fusarium pathogen when they were treated with BGS. However, wild‐type (WT) BGS‐treated tomato plants showed a higher JA level and significantly lower disease incidence. SA‐deficient mutant NahG plants treated with CF were also found to be susceptible to Fusarium pathogen and displayed low SA levels, whereas WT CF‐treated tomato plants exhibited moderately lower disease levels and substantially higher SA levels. Expression of the JA‐responsive defensin gene PDF1 was induced in WT tomato plants treated with BGS, whereas the SA‐inducible pathogenesis‐related protein 1 acidic (PR1a) gene was up‐regulated in WT tomato plants treated with CF. These results suggest that TriV_JSB100 BGS and CF differentially induce JA and SA signalling cascades for the elicitation of Fusarium oxysporum resistance in tomato.
Systematic review of sodium thiosulfate in treating calciphylaxis in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Peng Ting , Zhuo Ling , Wang Ying , Jun Min , Li Guisen , Wang Li , Hong Daqing 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimCalciphylaxis is a severe complication of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sodium thiosulphate (STS), an antioxidant and calcium chelating agent, has been used for the treatment of calciphylaxis. However, its efficacy and safety have not been systematically analysed and evaluated.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database were systematically searched for case report or cases series on use of STS for calciphylaxis published between July 1974 and October 2016. We extracted data on clinical characteristics, laboratory tests result and medication use. The effective treatment was defined as improvement in skin lesion cicatrisation or pain relief without death. Non‐responding effects were defined as stable skin lesions without remission or exacerbation of the disease in patients who remained alive. All‐cause mortality after STS treatment was defined as death due to exacerbations of calciphylaxis or other complications of advanced CKD. We compared the baseline parameters of the patients as well as the efficacy and mortality of the STS therapy between case report and multi‐case reports. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 19.ResultsA total of 83 papers were screened, 45 of them (n = 358) met the inclusion criteria, including 36 case reports (n = 64) and nine multi‐case reports (n = 294). The mean age of the patients with calciphylaxis was 58 ± 14 years (range 26–91 years). They were female predominant, accounting for 74.1%. Among the patients with calciphylaxis, 96.1% patients were on dialysis with median dialysis vintage of 44.5 months (range 24–84 months). STS was effective in 70.1% of patients, 37.6% patients died. The proportion of patients with sepsis was higher among those who received intravenous STS. There was no significant difference in efficacy between the different STS administration methods (P = 0.19).ConclusionAlthough the study was unable to assess the efficacy of sodium thiosulphate alone in the treatment of calciphylaxis, it still reveals a promising role of STS as an effective therapy for calciphylaxis. Further prospective studies to define the optimal therapy for calciphylaxis are needed.
Increasing the efficiency of CRISPR‐Cas9‐VQR precise genome editing in rice
Authors: Hu Xixun , Meng Xiangbing , Liu Qing , Li Jiayang , Wang Kejian 
Published: June 2017

SummaryClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats‐associated protein 9 (CRISPR‐Cas9) is a revolutionary technology that enables efficient genomic modification in many organisms. Currently, the wide use of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) primarily recognizes sites harbouring a canonical NGG protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). The newly developed VQR (D1135V/R1335Q/T1337R) variant of Cas9 has been shown to cleave sites containing NGA PAM in rice, which greatly expanded the range of genome editing. However, the low editing efficiency of the VQR variant remains, which limits its wide application in genome editing. In this study, by modifying the single guide RNA (sgRNA) structure and strong endogenous promoters, we significantly increased the editing efficiency of the VQR variant. The modified CRISPR‐Cas9‐VQR system provides a robust toolbox for multiplex genome editing at sites containing noncanonical NGA PAM.
A study of special care dental patient preference toward choice of mask and visor use by dental clinicians
Authors: Emanuel Robert , Corcoran Richard , Cass Helen 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundDo patients have a preference for the clinician's choice of face protection (visor or mask), and can this make a difference to the patient's feelings of anxiety?MethodIn a normative sample (n = 72) of patients from Special Care Dentistry, different combinations of face protection were studied to see whether the patients clearly preferred one type over another, and whether that was related to the levels of anxiety they suffered, based on the modified dental anxiety scale.ResultsThe majority of patients, 68% had the visor only as their first choice of face protection. This was followed by 22% having the mask only as their first choice and 10% having the visor and mask combination as their first choice. Patients with higher anxiety levels were more likely to believe that the type of face protection worn by the dentist would affect their levels of anxiety.ConclusionThe patients preferred the visor only option. As the level of anxiety rose, so did the percentage of patients that felt the style of protection worn by the dentist would affect their level of anxiety. The comments from patients referred to the benefit of nonverbal communication offered by the visor.
Waste management regulation: policy solutions and policy shortcomings
Authors: Berger Wolfram , Nagase Yoko 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA model of packaging waste management is presented to explore the policy options available to governments to implement waste regulation in light of the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). Our model endogenizes the packaging design as an additional determinant for the overall amount of waste jointly with consumers’ sorting effort and producers’ output decisions. The model shows that the policies that yield the first‐best allocation may not find public support. Furthermore, if the set of available policy instruments is limited, production and consumption of the good is likely to settle on a sub‐optimal level even though the optimal allocation may be achievable. Finally, the model demonstrates that a landfill tax may actually increase landfill waste in the presence of tradable credits for recycling activities. The results shed light on some shortcomings of existing regulatory schemes such as the Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) Regulations of the UK.