bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curative Effects of Pomegranate and Ginger on Hepatic and Renal Functions of Indomethacin-Induced Peptic Ulcers in Albino Rats
Authors: Shekha Mudhir S. , Abdulwahid Muhsin J. , Hamadamin Peshraw S. , Ismail Trifa F. , Hamad Bakir Saman R. , Ibrahim Laween M. , Ahmed Lana M. 
Published: June 2017

A peptic ulcer is one of the more severe diseases and most classic treatment protocol produce adverse drug reactions. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of two natural extracts, namely Pomegranate and Ginger, on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Animals were divided into five groups; 1. Normal control group, 2. An ulcer control group Indomethacin (0.3 mg /rats), 3. Omeprazole (3 mg /rats), a4. Pomegranate (40 mg /rats), 5. Ginger (20 mg /rats). The ulcers were induced made from groups 2 - 5 by oral administration of Indomethacin. Rats subjected to indomethacin administration showed significant ulceration in the glandular area of their stomachs compared to normal control rats. In addition, significant elevations S.GPT, S.GOT, S. creatinine and S. Urea (P< 0.05) were observed. Alternatively, pretreatment with pomegranate and ginger significantly corrected macroscopic and biochemical parameters. These results demonstrate that administration of either pomegranate and ginger supplementation have an essential role in the prevention of ulceration induced by NSAIDs. Furthermore improved liver and kidney functions and reduced hepatoto and nephrotoxicities.
Field Efficacy of the Commercial Formulation of the Antagonistic Trichoderma Harzianum on Chickpea Wilt Caused by Fusarium Oxysporum
Authors: Marzani Qasim A. , Fatah Kamaladdin M. , Mustafa Majid H. 
Published: June 2017

Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Padwick) Matuo and K. Sato) is one of the major yield limiting factors of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). For eco-friendly and sustainable management of the disease, Trichoderma harzianum as commercial product (Biocont-T), used as seed coat and jointly amended in peat moss were evaluated against the pathogen. The study was carried out in the fields of Girdarasha research station (8.8 Km south of Erbil), College of Agriculture, Salahaddin University. A moderate Ascochyta-resistant chickpea cultivar (Flip 6-15) was used. The results showed that seed treatments with T. harzianum and peat moss amendments were significantly reduced the disease incidence and severity. An increase of growth rate, plant height, biological and seed yield was also occurred. Three quantities (500, 1000, 1500 g) of peat moss showed enhancements in terms of disease incidence and severity reduction and increased the growth rate and other plant agronomic parameters as compared to untreated control. Treatment efficiency towards the yield and percentage of disease inhibition (PDI%) between treatments were measured. Using 10 Bcnt, 1000 Ptms-Tri and 1500 Ptms treatments were the most efficient treatments to enhance yield. For PDI %, 1000 Ptms-Tri, 10 Bcnt1500 Ptms and 500Ptms-Tri, were showed high disease inhibition in the field.
On the Role IL-4/IL-13 Heteroreceptor Plays in Regulation of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ukah Tobechukwu K. , Cattin-Roy Alexis N. , Chen Weirong , Miller Mindy M. , Barik Subhasis , Zaghouani Habib 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) manifests when the insulin-producing pancreatic β cells are destroyed as a consequence of an inflammatory process initiated by lymphocytes of the immune system. The NOD mouse develops T1D spontaneously and serves as an animal model for human T1D. The IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1 heteroreceptor (HR) serves both IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines, which are believed to function as anti-inflammatory cytokines in T1D. However, whether the HR provides a responsive element to environmental (i.e., physiologic) IL-4/IL-13 in the regulation of peripheral tolerance and the development of T1D has yet to be defined. In this study, NOD mice deficient for the HR have been generated by means of IL-13Rα1 gene disruption and used to determine whether such deficiency affects the development of T1D. Surprisingly, the findings indicate that NOD mice lacking the HR (13R−/−) display resistance to T1D as the rise in blood glucose level and islet inflammation were significantly delayed in these HR-deficient relative to HR-sufficient (13R+/+) mice. In fact, the frequency and spleen-to-pancreas dynamics of both Th1 and Th17 cells were affected in 13R−/− mice. This is likely due to an increase in the frequency of mTGFβ+Foxp3int regulatory T cells and the persistence of CD206+ macrophages in the pancreas as both types of cells confer resistance to T1D upon transfer to 13R+/+ mice. These findings reveal new insights as to the role environmental IL-4/IL-13 and the HR play in peripheral tolerance and the development of T1D.
Permeation of hydrocarbons through organosilane crosslinked LDPE
Authors: Berger Katrin , Keimel Christian , Helfer Eric , Haar Bernd , Eder Alexander , Mattausch Hannelore , Riess Gisbert 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe importance of polymeric transportation systems has been steadily increasing over the years. It is a useful material in numerous applications, such as packaging, oil and gas pipes, and household items. One particular aspect of polyethylene (PE) is the permeability of small molecules, such as low‐molecular‐weight hydrocarbons. In the present study, PE sheets were crosslinked by grafting and subsequent hydrolysis of organosilanes during a reactive extrusion process. The formation of a network structure was characterized by sol/gel analysis and by rheological measurements. It is shown that as a result of crosslinking the permeation of linear alkanes through the PE is reduced. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45374.
A novel porous nanocomposite of aminated silica MCM‐41 and nylon‐6: Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies on adsorption of Cu(II) and Cd(II)
Authors: Mohammadnezhad Gholamhossein , Soltani Roozbeh , Abad Saeed , Dinari Mohammad 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTPorous amine‐modified MCM‐41/Nylon‐6 nanocomposite (NH2‐MCM‐41/NY6 NC) was synthesized by a facile solution casting protocol, which was used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous media. The physicochemical properties of NH2‐MCM‐41/NY6 NC were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, etc. The influence of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and initial concentration on adsorption performance were investigated in detail. Kinetic and isotherm parameters were evaluated and the data fitted well to the pseudo‐second order and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities of Cu(II) and Cd(II) were about 35.84 and 27.5 mg·g−1, respectively. The Kd of NH2‐MCM‐41/NY6 NC for Cu(II) (>
) and Cd(II) (>
) ions uptake in aqueous solution, showed very good values. Thermodynamic parameters suggest that the adsorption is a spontaneous process with an endothermic nature. According to the results obtained, we conclude that this novel porous NH2‐MCM‐41/NY6 NC could be used for the removal of heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45383.
Synthesis of 5‐Acyl‐2‐Amino‐3‐Cyanothiophenes: Chemistry and Fluorescent Properties
Authors: Lugovik Kseniya I. , Eltyshev Alexander K. , Benassi Enrico , Belskaya Nataliya P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIndependent of the substrate structure and reaction conditions, 3‐amino‐2‐cyanothioacrylamides, which contain two active electrophilic centers, were shown to interact with various active halo methylene compounds under mild conditions to afford 5‐acyl‐2‐amino‐3‐cyanothiophenes as the only products. A series of new polyfunctional thiophene derivatives with a rare combination of functionalities were synthesized, and their photophysical properties were experimentally and computationally investigated. The calculated electronic characteristics of the ground and excited states were compared to the experimental results, which provided a good understanding of the relationship between the optoelectronic properties and the molecular structures. After absorption of light quanta, the systems populate an intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) Franck–Condon state, and emission occurs from a twisted ICT minimum.
Src family kinase phosphorylation of the motor domain of the human kinesin‐5, Eg5
Authors: Bickel Kathleen G. , Mann Barbara J. , Waitzman Joshua S. , Poor Taylor A. , Rice Sarah E. , Wadsworth Patricia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSpindle formation in mammalian cells requires precise spatial and temporal regulation of the kinesin‐5, Eg5, which generates outward force to establish spindle bipolarity. Our results demonstrate that Eg5 is phosphorylated in cultured cells by Src family kinases (SFKs) at three sites in the motor head: Y125, Y211, and Y231. Mutation of these sites diminishes motor activity in vitro, and replacement of endogenous Eg5 with phosphomimetic Y211 in LLC‐Pk1 cells results in monopolar spindles, consistent with loss of Eg5 activity. Cells treated with SFK inhibitors show defects in spindle formation, similar to those in cells expressing the nonphosphorylatable Y211 mutant, and distinct from inhibition of other mitotic kinases. We propose that this phosphoregulatory mechanism tunes Eg5 enzymatic activity for optimal spindle morphology.
Reproductive cycles in tropical intertidal gastropods are timed around tidal amplitude cycles
Authors: Collin Rachel , Kerr Kecia , Contolini Gina , Ochoa Isis 
Published: June 2017

AbstractReproduction in iteroparous marine organisms is often timed with abiotic cycles and may follow lunar, tidal amplitude, or daily cycles. Among intertidal marine invertebrates, decapods are well known to time larval release to coincide with large amplitude nighttime tides, which minimizes the risk of predation. Such bimonthly cycles have been reported for few other intertidal invertebrates. We documented the reproduction of 6 gastropod species from Panama to determine whether they demonstrate reproductive cycles, whether these cycles follow a 2‐week cycle, and whether cycles are timed so that larval release occurs during large amplitude tides. Two of the species (Crepidula cf. marginalis and Nerita scabricosta) showed nonuniform reproduction, but without clear peaks in timing relative to tidal or lunar cycles. The other 4 species show clear peaks in reproduction occurring every 2 weeks. In 3 of these species (Cerithideopsis carlifornica var. valida, Littoraria variegata, and Natica chemnitzi), hatching occurred within 4 days of the maximum amplitude tides. Siphonaria palmata exhibit strong cycles, but reproduction occurred during the neap tides. Strong differences in the intensity of reproduction of Cerithideopsis carlifornica, and in particular, Littoraria variegata, between the larger and smaller spring tides of a lunar month indicate that these species time reproduction with the tidal amplitude cycle rather than the lunar cycle. For those species that reproduce during both the wet and dry seasons, we found that reproductive timing did not differ between seasons despite strong differences in temperature and precipitation. Overall, we found that most (4/6) species have strong reproductive cycles synchronized with the tidal amplitude cycle and that seasonal differences in abiotic factors do not alter these cycles.
Does breast MRI background parenchymal enhancement indicate metabolic activity? Qualitative and 3D quantitative computer imaging analysis
Authors: Mema Eralda , Mango Victoria L. , Guo Xiaotao , Karcich Jenika , Yeh Randy , Wynn Ralph T. , Zhao Binsheng , Ha Richard S. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeTo investigate whether the degree of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) is associated with the amount of breast metabolic activity measured by breast parenchymal uptake (BPU) of 18F‐FDG on positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET/CT).Materials and MethodsAn Institutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved retrospective study was performed. Of 327 patients who underwent preoperative breast MRI from 1/1/12 to 12/31/15, 73 patients had 18F‐FDG PET/CT evaluation performed within 1 week of breast MRI and no suspicious findings in the contralateral breast. MRI was performed on a 1.5T or 3.0T system. The imaging sequence included a triplane localizing sequence followed by sagittal fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted sequence, and a bilateral sagittal T1‐weighted fat‐suppressed fast spoiled gradient‐echo sequence, which was performed before and three times after a rapid bolus injection (gadobenate dimeglumine, Multihance; Bracco Imaging; 0.1 mmol/kg) delivered through an IV catheter. The unaffected contralateral breast in these 73 patients underwent BPE and BPU assessments. For PET/CT BPU calculation, a 3D region of interest (ROI) was drawn around the glandular breast tissue and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was determined. Qualitative MRI BPE assessments were performed on a 4‐point scale, in accordance with BI‐RADS categories. Additional 3D quantitative MRI BPE analysis was performed using a previously published in‐house technique. Spearman's correlation test and linear regression analysis was performed (SPSS, v. 24).ResultThe median time interval between breast MRI and 18F‐FDG PET/CT evaluation was 3 days (range, 0–6 days). BPU SUVmax mean value was 1.6 (SD, 0.53). Minimum and maximum BPU SUVmax values were 0.71 and 4.0. The BPU SUVmax values significantly correlated with both the qualitative and quantitative measurements of BPE, respectively (r(71) = 0.59, P < 0.001 and r(71) = 0.54, P < 0.001). Qualitatively assessed high BPE group (BI‐RADS 3/4) had significantly higher BPU SUVmax of 1.9 (SD = 0.44) compared to low BPE group (BI‐RADS 1/2) with an average BPU SUVmax of 1.17 (SD = 0.32) (P < 0.001). On linear regression analysis, BPU SUVmax significantly predicted qualitative and quantitative measurements of BPE (β = 1.29, t(71) = 3.88, P < 0.001 and β = 19.52, t(71) = 3.88, P < 0.001).ConclusionThere is a significant association between breast BPU and BPE, measured both qualitatively and quantitatively. Increased breast cancer risk in patients with high MRI BPE could be due to elevated basal metabolic activity of the normal breast tissue, which may provide a susceptible environment for tumor growth.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:753–759.
Focal Liver Lesions: Real‐time 3‐Dimensional Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasonography Compared With 2‐Dimensional Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Lee Jung‐chieh , Yan Kun , Lee San‐kan , Yang Wei , Chen Min‐hua 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThis study sought to evaluate the application of real‐time 3‐dimensional (3D) contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (US) to diagnose focal liver lesions and to compare these results with those from 2‐dimensional (2D) contrast‐enhanced US and contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsPatients with focal liver lesions were examined by 2D contrast‐enhanced US, 3D contrast‐enhanced US, and contrast‐enhanced MRI for lesion characterization, and biopsies and comprehensive clinical diagnoses served as reference standards. The sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and intermodality agreement were assessed. The number of contrast agent injections and lesions observed per injection were calculated for 3D and 2D contrast‐enhanced US. The number and display quality of the feeding arteries observed with 3D and 2D contrast‐enhanced US were assessed.ResultsA total of 117 patients with 151 focal liver lesions were enrolled, including 67 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 51 cases of liver metastasis, and 33 cases of benign liver lesions. No significant differences were found among the modalities. The sensitivity values for 3D contrast‐enhanced US, 2D contrast‐enhanced US, and contrast‐enhanced MRI were 96%, 95%, and 93%, respectively; the specificity values were 87%, 84%, and 89%; and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values were 0.92, 0.90, and 0.92. The intermodality agreement was excellent (κ > 0.77). Fewer contrast agent injections were needed, and more lesions and feeding arteries were more clearly displayed on 3D than 2D contrast‐enhanced US (P < .001).ConclusionsReal‐time 3D contrast‐enhanced US is useful for diagnosing focal liver lesions and for observing feeding arteries with fewer contrast agent injections.
A Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasonographic Study About the Impact of Long‐term Exercise Training on Mammary Tumor Vascularization
Authors: Faustino‐Rocha Ana I. , Gama Adelina , Oliveira Paula A. , Vanderperren Katrien , Saunders Jimmy H. , Pires Maria J. , Ferreira Rita , Ginja Mário 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of long‐term exercise training on the vascularization of rat mammary tumors.MethodsFemale rats were divided into 4 groups: N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU) treated sedentary, MNU treated exercised, control sedentary, and control exercised. Tumor development was induced in the MNU groups by MNU administration. Exercised groups were trained for 35 weeks. Tumor vascularization was evaluated by pulsed Doppler and contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography.ResultsThe pulsatility and resistive indices were slightly higher in the MNU sedentary group (P > .05). Mammary tumors mainly had centripetal and heterogeneous enhancement of the contrast, clear margins, and the presence of penetrating vessels. The MNU exercised group had a lower arrival time and time to peak and higher peak intensity, wash‐in, and wash‐out (P > .05). The area under the curve was similar between groups (P > .05).ConclusionsThe contrast‐enhanced ultrasonographic study did not detect differences in mammary tumor vascularization between MNU sedentary and MNU exercised groups previously detected by power Doppler imaging, B‐flow imaging, and immunohistochemistry.
Annual survival and seasonal hunting mortality of midcontinent snow geese
Authors: Calvert Anna M. , Alisauskas Ray T. , White Gary C. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTAnnual banding programs have allowed the estimation of key demographic parameters for many populations of harvested wildlife, yet they often provide little insight into vital rate variation among seasonally occupied habitats or among regions with differing hunting regulations. For lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) in the midcontinent of North America, rapid growth in abundance and the consequent implementation of special conservation measures present a scenario where seasonal mortality estimates would be highly valuable. We evaluated variation in hunting mortality of adult and young geese among 3 seasons (autumn, winter, and spring) based on annual banding data from breeding colonies north and south of 60°N latitude, and seasonal hunting recoveries from the United States and Canada. Using band‐recovery models and data covering 1999 through 2015, we first estimated annual survival for geese of both age classes and breeding locations, and then subsequently used seasonal hunting recoveries to derive estimates of seasonal hunting mortality and annual non‐hunting mortality. Simulation models validated the accuracy of this approach. Hunting mortality in winter generally exceeded that during spring and autumn, but our estimates suggested that hunting mortality represented a small fraction of annual mortality for adult and young birds. Consistent with recent studies, our estimates pointed to a greater harvest effect for the smaller subarctic population breeding near southern Hudson Bay, Canada, than for the large arctic population breeding farther north. Although mean kill rates were higher for young than adult geese, natural mortality for young was high and temporally variable, implying that some hunting mortality experienced by young geese during their first year could be compensated by natural causes of death. Natural (non‐hunting) mortality and annual survival showed greater temporal variation than seasonal kill rates in adults and young geese, highlighting the importance of non‐harvest factors (e.g., climate, habitat, population density) to the dynamics of these populations. These novel estimates of seasonal kill rates and non‐hunting mortality contribute further support to the notion that internal dynamics of the lesser snow goose midcontinent population, including natural mortality and recruitment, currently influence population trajectory more than ongoing interventions through harvest management. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Targeted Calorie Message Promotes Healthy Beverage Consumption Better than Charity Incentive
Authors: Policastro Peggy , Palm Taylor , Schwartz Janet , Chapman Gretchen 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveSugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is cited as a major contributor to the U.S. obesity epidemic. The objective of this paper was to leverage insights from behavioral economics to examine whether nudges would entice college students to save meal calories by choosing water over SSBs.MethodsThree message‐based nudge interventions, with washout periods between, were used during the 7‐week study. Calorie savings (self‐interest), charity (prosocial), or charity‐plus‐calorie message posters were displayed in a college‐based food franchise. Multilevel logistic regressions compared the proportions of students choosing water during three experimental conditions. This study assessed whether the frequency of dining establishment visits over the study period moderated effects of the experimental conditions on beverage choices. Multiple data points from the same customer were treated as repeated measures.ResultsA total of 2,393 unique students purchased 6,730 meals. Posters displaying calorie information increased water choice relative to washout periods, while the poster without calorie information (charity only) had no effect. Controlling for fixed effects produced the same results. The calorie message poster influenced less frequent diners more than frequent diners.ConclusionsFood‐service operations can nudge college students to substitute water for SSBs with a simple calorie‐based message to save hundreds of calories per meal.
BIAN‐Fe(η6‐C6H6): Synthesis, characterization, and l‐lactide polymerization
Authors: Brown Lauren A. , Wekesa Francis S. , Unruh Daniel K. , Findlater Michael , Long Brian K. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe α‐diimine‐ligated Fe‐complex, BIAN‐Fe(C6H6), was synthesized and evaluated for the polymerization of l‐lactide. Characterization of BIAN‐Fe(C6H6) reveals that it is redox non‐innocent and suggests that it is an Fe(I) species bearing a radical‐anionic ligand. We will demonstrate that BIAN‐Fe(C6H6) is active for the ring‐opening polymerization of l‐lactide, and that polymer is produced with, or without, the use of an added external initiator. Interestingly, very high molecular weight polymers are produced in the absence of external initiator whereas polymer molecular weights that agree with theoretical calculations are produced in the presence of external initiator. To the best of our knowledge, BIAN‐Fe(C6H6) is the first Fe‐based α‐diimine catalyst reported to be active for the polymerization of l‐lactide. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2824–2830