bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particular sectors
Authors: Whish Richard , Bailey David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter deals with four issues. First, it will briefly examine three sectors of the economy that are wholly or partly excluded from EU competition law, namely nuclear energy, military equipment and agriculture; the special regime that once existed for coal and steel products under the former European Coal and Steel Community (‘the ECSC’) Treaty is also mentioned in passing. Secondly, it will explain the application of the EU competition rules apply to the transport sector. Thirdly, the chapter will consider the specific circumstances of four so-called regulated industries: electronic communications, post, energy and water, where a combination of legislation, regulation and competition law seek to promote competition. Fourthly, the chapter will consider the debate about the appropriate way to address the power of digital platforms, and describe the ex ante sector-specific regulation of digital markets that has recently been introduced in the EU and the UK.
The Brasselet–Schürmann–Yokura Conjecture on L-Classes of Projective Rational Homology Manifolds
Authors: Fernández de Bobadilla Javier , Pallarés Irma 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In 2010, Brasselet, Schürmann, and Yokura conjectured an equality of characteristic classes of singular varieties between the Goresky–MacPherson $L$-class $L_{*}(X)$ and the Hirzebruch homology class $T_{1,*}(X)$ for a compact complex algebraic variety $X$ that is a rational homology manifold. In this note we give a proof of this conjecture for projective varieties based on cubical hyperresolutions, the Decomposition Theorem, and Hodge theory. The crucial step of the proof is a new characterization of rational homology manifolds in terms of cubical hyperresolutions that we find of independent interest.
Biosoteriology and the Postsecular (In)Human: The Religio-Racializing Assemblages of Evangelical Nephilim Demonology
Authors: O’Donnell S Jonathon 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article explores the use of apocryphal narratives of the angelic Watchers and their offspring, the nephilim, in contemporary American evangelical demonology. It contends that such demonologies use the figure of the nephilim to galvanize reactionary political narratives of crisis, placing the source of cultural change and ecological collapse in an inhuman Other whose removal would permit the restoration of social and spiritual order. Drawing on Black studies and postsecular critique, the article contends that nephilim demonologies mobilize processes of “religio-racialization” rooted in antiblackness to create a paradigm of “biosoteriology”—a conflation of biological “purity” and soteriological possibility mobilized through religio-racializing assemblages. Situating this paradigm in the context of US Christian nationalism and a racialized “return” of religion, the article shows that the nephilim become figured as an alterity threatening white, cisheteronormative visions of the human and the futurity of (white, Christian) America.
Sward type alters enteric methane emissions, nitrogen output and the relative abundance of the rumen microbial ecosystem in sheep
Authors: Woodmartin Sarah , Smith Paul E , Creighton Philip , Boland Tommy M , Dunne Eoin , McGovern Fiona M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Observed improvements in animal and sward performance, coupled with a desire for more sustainable pasture-based feeding systems, has triggered a surge in the implementation of more botanically diverse pastures. However, thus far, there has been limited research investigating the effects of botanically diverse sward types on enteric methane (CH4) or nitrogen (N) excretion, alongside the ruminal microbiota and fermentation profile, in sheep. Hence, this study investigates the effect of sward type on CH4 production and N excretion, in addition to assessing the rumen microbiome, volatile fatty acid proportions, and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration in sheep. A 5 × 5 Latin square design experiment was implemented to investigate 5 dietary treatments; perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.; PRG) only or PRG plus white clover (Trifolium repens L.; PRG + WC), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.; PRG + RC), chicory (Chicorium intybus L.; PRG + Chic) or plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.; PRG + Plan). Diets were mixed at a ratio of 75% PRG and 25% of the respective companion forage and 100% PRG for the PRG treatment, on a dry matter basis. Twenty castrated male sheep were housed in metabolism crates across 5 feeding periods. Methane measurements were acquired utilizing portable accumulation chambers. Rumen fluid was harvested using a transoesophageal sampling device. Microbial rumen DNA was extracted and subjected to 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and fermentation analysis. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. Results show that animals consuming PRG + WC ranked lower for CH4 production (g/d) than sheep offered PRG, PRG + Chic or PRG + Plan (P &lt; 0.01) while the addition of any companion forage ranked CH4 yield (g/kg dry matter intake (DMI)) lower (P &lt; 0.001) than PRG. There was a moderate positive correlation between DMI and CH4 (g/d; r = 0.51). Ruminal NH3-N was lowest in animals consuming the PRG diet (P &lt; 0.01). There was a greater abundance of Methanobrevibacter and reduced abundance of Methanosphaera (P &lt; 0.001) in sheep offered PRG, compared with any binary sward. On average, herb diets (PRG + Chic or PRG + Plan) reduced the urinary nitrogen concentration of sheep by 34% in comparison to legume diets (PRG + WC or PRG + RC) and 13% relative to the PRG diet (P &lt; 0.001). Sheep offered PRG + Chic had a greater dietary nitrogen use efficiency than PRG + RC (P &lt; 0.05). This study demonstrates the potential for sward type to influence rumen function and the microbial community, along with CH4 and N output from sheep.
Chicken meal is not an appropriate reference protein for estimating protein quality of ingredients used in extruded diets intended for dogs
Authors: Crosbie Michelina , Templeman James R , Pezzali Julia G , Courtney-Martin Glenda , Levesque Crystal L , Hancock Leslie , Buff Preston R , Columbus Daniel A , Verbrugghe Adronie , Shoveller Anna K 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method has been used to determine metabolic availability (MA) of amino acids in feedstuffs for pigs, humans, and preliminarily for cats. Peas are a commonly used protein source in grain-free extruded dog diets. However, peas have a poor sulfur amino acid (AA) ratio (methionine [Met]:cysteine) with Met being the first limiting AA. Furthermore, little is known about the MA of Met in peas fed to dogs. Therefore, our objective was to compare the MA of Met in peas to chicken meal (CM), as a gold-standard reference protein. The study was done as a replicated 5 × 5 complete Latin square design. Ten neutered male mixed-breed dogs (1.5 years old; 26.0 kg ± 2.4 kg body weight; BW) fed to maintain ideal BW received all dietary treatments: BAS: lamb-based diet (deboned lamb and lamb meal) providing Met at 50% of its requirement (0.27 g/100g dry matter [DM]), CHK: CM and lamb-based diet, and PEA: ground dried pea and lamb-based diet both providing Met at 68% of its requirement (0.35 and 0.37 g/100g DM, respectively). Two other treatments were created by blending BAS with PEA (BAP) and the BAS with CHK (BAC) to create diets with Met at 59% of requirement (0.32 and 0.31 g/100g DM, respectively). This resulted in three graded levels of Met for both CM and peas to allow for a slope-ratio assay approach to quantify MA with the BAS diet as the common first point. All other AAs were provided to meet at least 120% of the AAFCO recommendations for adult dogs. The BAS diet, with supplemental DL-Met, was fed for a 2-wk wash-in period. After 2 d of diet adaptation IAAO was performed. Dogs were fed 13 small meals where meal 6 contained a priming dose (9.4 mg/kg BW) of L-[1-13C]-phenylalanine (Phe; 99%) as well as a constant dose (2.4 mg/kg BW) in meals 6-13. Breath samples were collected and enrichment of 13CO2 was measured using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry to calculate the rate of Phe oxidation (F13CO2 umol/kg BW/h). Oxidation was analyzed via SAS using PROC GLIMMIX with dog and period as random effects, and diet, %Met, and their interaction as fixed effects. Unexpectedly, the slope of Phe oxidation, in response to increasing Met intake, from CM was 31% of that of peas, indicating a lower MA for Met in CM as compared to peas. This finding may be due to damage of AAs during rendering. At this time, CM in extruded diets is not an acceptable reference protein to determine MA of AAs in dogs, and the MA of Met from peas cannot be confidently assessed.
Development and method validation of a sampling technique for a reproducible detection of synthetic cannabinoids in exhaled breath using an in vitro pig lung model
Authors: Walle Nadja , Doerr Adrian A , Peters Benjamin , Laschke Matthias W , Menger Michael D , Schmidt Peter H , Meyer Markus R , Schaefer Nadine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Alternative matrices, especially exhaled breath (EB), have gained increasing attention for a few years. To interpret toxicological findings, knowledge on the toxicokinetic (TK) properties of a substance in EB is indispensable. While such data are already accessible for various drugs (e.g. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol), they are still not available for new psychoactive substances, particularly synthetic cannabinoids (SCs). As SCs raise a high public health concern, the aim of this study was to assess these data in future TK studies in pigs. For this purpose, an in vitro sampling technique of EB was initially developed, which is prospectively applied to anesthetized and ventilated pigs for the detection of SCs in a controlled and reproducible manner as exemplified by cumyl-5F-P7AICA. Furthermore, a method for the qualitative and quantitative detection of cumyl-5F-P7AICA in EB using glass fiber filters (GFFs) was established and fully validated. Therefore, cumyl-5F-P7AICA (0.5 mg/mL in ethanol absolute) was initially nebulized using a ventilation machine and a breathing tube, as they are also used in surgeries. The aerosol was delivered into a simulated pig lung. To collect EB, a pump was connected to that part of the breathing tube, which contains EB (expiratory limb), and sampling was performed repeatedly (n = 6) for 15 min (2 l EB/min) each using GFF. For extraction of the substance, the GFFs were macerated with acetone and the remaining experimental components were rinsed with ethanol. After sample preparation, the extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. In the complete experimental setup, about 40% of the initially nebulized cumyl-5F-P7AICA dose was found, with 3.6 ± 1.3% being detected in the GFF. Regarding the comparably high loss of substance, the open ventilation system and a conceivable adsorption of the SC in the ventilator have to be considered. However, the herein introduced approach is promising to determine the TK properties of cumyl-5F-P7AICA in EB.
Upgoing and downgoing wavefield separation in VSP data using CGAN based on asymmetric convolution blocks
Authors: Cao Danping , Chen Xin , Jia Yan , Jin Chao , Fu Xin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Accurately upgoing and downgoing wavefield separation is a critical step in vertical seismic profile (VSP) data processing, as its accuracy is directly related to the imaging quality of VSP data. Traditional methods are based mainly on transforms, and their windows are manually set in the transformed domain to obtain the target wavefield. The manual operations often cause errors and affect the accuracy of wavefield separation. In contrast, deep learning algorithms are more automatic, and have achieved a lot in seismic data processing. We propose to employ a conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) for wavefield separation in VSP data. A CGAN consists of two main components: a generator, which generates new data samples, and a discriminator, which evaluates the generated samples against real data, with both components trained simultaneously in an adversarial manner to improve the quality of generated samples. The full wavefield serves as a constraint to link the generator and discriminator, ensuring that the separated up- and downgoing wavefields align better with the full wavefield. An asymmetric convolution block is introduced to more effectively capture the directional features of the VSP wavefield. To mitigate the influence of amplitude differences between the waves on the network update, the relative downgoing wavefield (obtained by subtracting the predicted upgoing wavefield from the full wavefield) is included in the loss function. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the trained network can effectively learn the characteristics of the up- and downgoing waves, especially their propagation directions, achieving high-precision wavefield separation.
New status of Bichromomyia subspecies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) based on molecular taxonomy
Authors: Lozano-Sardaneta Yokomi N , Huerta Herón , Marquez-López Yesenia , Contreras-Ramos Atilano 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The sand fly of the genus Bichromomyia (Galati, 1995) includes 3 subspecies considered vectors of Leishmania, which share high morphological similarity. Through information from the Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene, we provide complementary evidence to support that Bichromomyia olmeca olmeca, and Bichromomyia olmeca bicolor, should be raised to nominal species status. We recovered specimens of Bi. o. olmeca from Quintana Roo, Tabasco, and Oaxaca, Mexico, supply 17 new COI sequences, and also incorporate GenBank sequences for other Bichromomyia species. After a Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis, all Bichromomyia species clustered with a bootstrap of 100%, although sequences of Bichromomyia flaviscutellata were divided into 2 clusters with an interspecific range distance of 11.16% between them, which confirm cryptic species in Brazil. The genetic distance of Bi. o. olmeca compared to related subspecies ranged between 12.59% and 14.64%. A total of 29 haplotypes (Hd = 0.987; π = 0.08783; S = 136) were recovered from the Bichromomyia sequences. Results of the TC network were consistent with the ML analysis, supporting that subspecies of Bichromomyia are genetically distinct and deserve being raised to valid species category: Bichromomyia olmeca (Vargas & Díaz-Nájera) and Bichromomyia bicolor (Fairchild & Theodor).
Brain tumoroids: Treatment prediction and drug development for brain tumors with fast, reproducible, and easy-to-use personalized models
Authors: Soubéran Aurélie , Jiguet-Jiglaire Carine , Toutain Soline , Morando Philippe , Baeza-Kallee Nathalie , Appay Romain , Boucard Céline , Graillon Thomas , Meyer Mikael , Farah Kaissar , Figarella-Branger Dominique , Tabouret Emeline , Tchoghandjian Aurélie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The generation of patient avatars is critically needed in neuro-oncology for treatment prediction and preclinical therapeutic development. Our objective was to develop a fast, reproducible, low-cost, and easy-to-use method of tumoroids generation and analysis, efficient for all types of brain tumors, primary and metastatic.

Methods
Tumoroids were generated from 89 patients: 81 primary tumors including 77 gliomas, and 8 brain metastases. Tumoroids morphology and cellular and molecular characteristics were compared with the ones of the parental tumor by using histology, methylome profiling, pTERT mutations, and multiplexed spatial immunofluorescences. Their cellular stability over time was validated by flow cytometry. Therapeutic sensitivity was evaluated and predictive factors of tumoroid generation were analyzed.

Results
All the tumoroids analyzed had similar histological (n = 21) and molecular features (n = 7) to the parental tumor. The median generation time was 5 days. The success rate was 65 %: it was higher for high-grade gliomas and brain metastases versus IDH mutated low-grade gliomas. For high-grade gliomas, neither other clinical, neuro-imaging, histological nor molecular factors were predictive of tumoroid generation success. The cellular organization inside tumoroids analyzed by MACSima revealed territories dedicated to specific cell subtypes. Finally, we showed the correlation between tumoroid and patient treatment responses to radio-chemotherapy and their ability to respond to immunotherapy thanks to a dedicated and reproducible 3D analysis workflow.

Conclusions
Patient-derived tumoroid model that we developed offers a robust, user-friendly, low-cost, and reproducible preclinical model valuable for therapeutic development of all types of primary or metastatic brain tumors, allowing their integration into forthcoming early-phase clinical trials.
Early experience and perioperative risk of GammaTile for upfront brain metastases: Report from a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Zeller Sabrina L , Soldozy Sauson , Busse Shaye , Chen Clark C , Venteicher Andrew , Ferreira Clara , Dusenbery Kathryn , Lee Stuart , Peach Matthew Sean , DiNapoli Vincent , Kotecha Rupesh , Ahluwalia Manmeet S , Bojanowski-Hoang Kimberly , Hanft Simon J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
GammaTile (GT), a form of brachytherapy utilizing cesium-131 seeds in a bioresorbable collagen tile, has gained popularity for the treatment of recurrent intracranial tumors and more recently for newly diagnosed metastases. This study reports early experience utilizing GT in upfront brain metastases with a focus on clinical applications and perioperative safety.

Methods
The STaRT Registry (NCT04427384) was queried for all patients receiving GT for upfront metastases from August 2021 to August 2023. Data regarding patient demographics, procedure details, and adverse events (AEs) were extracted and analyzed.

Results
Twenty-eight patients, median age 65 years (range 28–81), with 30 treated metastases were reported from 6 institutions. Patients had 2.8 metastases on average (range 1–15) at the time of surgery; however, most patients had a single metastasis (60.7%). The mean diameter of treated metastases was 3.4 cm (range 1.5–4.7). A median of 4.0 tiles (range 1–10) were used per tumor. The median follow-up was 3.0 months (range 1.0–11.2) with 6 attributed AEs (21.4%), including 1 grade ≥ 3 (infection). In the immediate postoperative period (&lt;14 days), 2 patients reported pain or headache, and 1 reported facial edema. One patient developed seizures on postoperative day 8 requiring medication. At 1-month follow-up, there was 1 superficial wound infection, in a previously colonized patient, requiring surgical intervention without explantation of tiles. At 3-month follow-up, 1 patient reported facial pain not requiring treatment. There were no symptomatic hematomas.

Conclusions
GT demonstrates a favorable safety profile in upfront brain metastases with a 3.6% rate of serious AEs (grade ≥ 3) within 90 days of the procedure.
Effects of Different Caloric Restriction Patterns on Blood Pressure and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Zhang Hui , Du Jinchao , Zhang Mingchen , Li Tingting , Zhang Pingping , Wang Xiaowen , Sun Zhongguang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
All types of caloric restriction are preventive against cardiovascular risk factors, but the best restriction method and most affected factors have not been identified.

Objective
The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different caloric restriction methods on various cardiovascular risk factors by horizontally comparing program advantages and disadvantages via network meta-analysis.

Data Sources
The PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase literature databases were searched (October 2013 to October 2023).

Data Extraction
Eligible randomized controlled trials involving participants who underwent caloric restriction and systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level measurements were included.

Data Analysis
Thirty-six of 13 208 records (0.27%) were included. Two researchers reviewed the articles, extracted data, and assessed article quality.

Results
Alternate-day fasting (ADF) reduced SBP (4.88 mmHg; CI, 2.06-7.15) and DBP (5.10 mmHg; CI, 2.44-7.76). Time-restricted eating reduced SBP (2.46 mmHg; CI, 0.16-4.76) but not DBP. Continuous energy restriction (CER) significantly reduced BMI (1.11 kg/m2; CI = 0.16, 2.06) and waist circumference (3.28 cm; CI, 0.62-5.94).

Conclusions
This meta-analysis confirmed the preventive effect of CER and ADF on various cardiovascular risk factors. Additionally, CER is more likely to reduce obesity, and ADF is more likely to reduce blood pressure (BP). Based on this meta-analysis, CER is recommended to control obesity only for people who are obese and do not have elevated BP or other abnormal indicators. Additionally, ADF for early control or prevention is recommended for patients who have abnormal BP or other cardiovascular risk factors.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023455889.
Bridging Echinocandin With Azole Antifungal Therapy on Prevention of Invasive Candidiasis Post–Lung Transplantation
Authors: Pasley Taylor , Baladad Christopher , DeSear Kathryn , Karimi Solmaz , Rubido Eric , El Helou Guy , Converse Maureen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a significant factor for lung transplant recipient (LTR) mortality, especially in the immediate postoperative phase. Receipt of antifungal prophylaxis has demonstrated lower all-cause mortality.

Methods
This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of LTRs between August 2017 and August 2020. Included patients were adult LTRs with positive Candida cultures preoperatively (donor or recipient) or within 6 weeks postoperatively. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts—bridged and unbridged. The bridged cohort received micafungin in the postoperative period until therapeutic azole concentrations were achieved or up to 2 weeks, whichever was sooner. The primary outcome was a composite of proven or probable invasive candidiasis.

Results
A total of 117 patients were included in the study, with 68 in the unbridged cohort and 49 in the bridged cohort. There were more cases of IC in the bridged cohort than in the unbridged cohort (P = .011).

Conclusions
In combination with an azole antifungal, micafungin did not prevent IC in postoperative LTRs with cultures positive for Candida species in this cohort. Larger prospective studies are needed to determine the ideal combination and duration of antifungal prophylaxis.