bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Surgery Types after Neoadjuvant Therapy for Advanced Stage Breast Cancer: Analysis from Florida Population-Based Cancer Registry (1996–2009)
Authors: Al-Azhri Jamila , Koru-Sengul Tulay , Miao Feng , Saclarides Constantine , Byrne Margaret M. , Avisar Eli 
Published: December 2015

Purpose Despite the established guidelines for breast cancer treatment, there is still variability in surgical treatment after neoadjuvant therapy (NT) for women with large breast tumors. Our objective was to identify predictors of the type of surgical treatment: mastectomy versus breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in women with T3/T4 breast cancer who received NT. Methods Population-based Florida Cancer Data System Registry, Florida's Agency for Health Care Administration, and US census from 1996 to 2009 were linked for women diagnosed with T3/T4 breast cancer and received NT followed by either BCS or mastectomy. Analysis of multiple variables, such as sociodemographic characteristics (race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, marital status, and urban/rural residency), tumor's characteristics (estrogen/progesterone receptor status, histology, grade, SEER stage, and regional nodes positivity), treatment facilities (hospital volume and teaching status), patients’ comorbidities, and type of NT, was performed. Results Of 1,056 patients treated with NT for T3/T4 breast cancer, 107 (10%) had BCS and 949 (90%) had mastectomy. After adjusting with extensive covariables, Hispanic patients (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = [3.50], 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38–8.84, P = 0.008) were more likely to have mastectomy than BCS. Compared to localized SEER stage, regional stage with direct extension (aOR = [3.24], 95% CI: 1.60–6.54, P = 0.001), regional stage with direct extension and nodes (aOR = [4.35], 95% CI: 1.72–11.03, P = 0.002), and distant stage (aOR = [4.44], 95% CI: 1.81–10.88, P = 0.001) were significantly more likely to have mastectomy than BCS. Compared to patients who received both chemotherapy and hormonal therapy, patients who received hormonal NT only (aOR = [0.29], 95% CI: 0.12–0.68, P = 0.004) were less likely to receive mastectomy. Conclusion Our study suggests that Hispanic ethnicity, advanced SEER stage, and type of NT are significant predictors of receiving mastectomy after NT.
Pursuing Excellence in Clinical Learning Environments
Authors: Wagner Robin , Weiss Kevin B. , Passiment Morgan L. , Nasca Thomas J. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has launched a new shared learning collaborative as part of its larger Clinical Learning Environment Review (CLER) initiative. The collaboration, called Pursuing Excellence in Clinical Learning Environments, aims to improve teaching practices and patient care in the hospitals, medical centers, and ambulatory care sites where residents and fellows pursue their formal clinical training in a specialty or subspecialty. The Pursuing Excellence Initiative (PEI) builds on the 2015 report of findings of the CLER program. These findings demonstrate variability across the nation's teaching hospitals in addressing 6 key focus areas.
PEI sets up a shared system of collaborative learning among participating sites of ACGME-accredited institutions, in which early participants share advances that will be disseminated through an expanding circle of other participants. The ACGME will award funding to encourage participation in the first major component of PEI. The goal is to stimulate high-leverage changes that will broadly improve patient care and clinical learning environments across the nation.
“Running with the Hounds”: The Nazi Pygmalion
Authors: Conolly-Smith Peter 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
The 1941 Berlin-based Prussian State Theater production of Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion sheds light on the popularity of Shaw in Third Reich Germany, the playwright's conflicted politics, and the complex and often-contradictory forces at work in National Socialist cultural policy. Providing background on Pygmalion's long-standing popularity among German audiences, this essay's analysis of the lavish 1941 production draws on contemporary press coverage as well as on the director's hand-annotated script in order to examine Shaw's complicated relationship with the Third Reich.
El Aprendizaje Basado en la Resolución de Problemas y su efectividad en el Desarrollo de la Metacognición
Authors: Ley Fuentes Martha Georgina 
Published: December 2015

Esta investigación tuvo como propósito determinar la efectividad del aprendizaje basado en la resolución de problemas, en el desarrollo de la metacognición de estudiantes universitarios de una universidad virtual. Para determinar la efectividad de la estrategia de resolución de problemas en el desarrollo de la metacognición de los estudiantes, se implementó un diseño cuasi experimental, con pre y post test. En la investigación participaron 34 estudiantes, que recibieron un pretest para medir la metacognición y posteriormente fueron sometidos a un tratamiento instruccional. Después del tratamiento los participantes presentaron la postprueba metacognitiva, para determinar la efectividad del tratamiento en la metacognición. A partir del análisis de los resultados, se comprobó que los niveles de metacognición aumentaron después del tratamiento. De esta manera se comprobó la efectividad del aprendizaje basado en la resolución de problemas en el desarrollo de la metacognición de estudiantes universitarios de una universidad virtual mexicana.
How to Make Finance Scholarship More Creative and Equitable: An Author’s Suggestions to Editors and Referees *
Authors: Subrahmanyam Avanidhar 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Editing high-quality finance journals is challenging, and it also requires careful thought on the optimal governance processes required to ensure equity, particularly given the large number of submissions to these journals. Enhancing and maintaining incentives for authors to be creative is also important. In this paper, I discuss issues arising from subjectivity in referees’ reports in finance journals and present a list of editorial suggestions that might improve authors’ experiences and enhance the quality of submissions to these journals.
Semantic UI: Automated Creation of Semantically Personalized User Interface
Authors: Khriyenko O. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInformation representation plays very important role for services and applications to be more attractive for end user. One design cannot fit varied preferences and be suitable for all users. User driven customization of user interface applied for particular application or service do not influence at overall satisfaction of a user and usability of other applications and services. Therefore, in the paper authors tackle challenges of UI personalization on semantic level; and present a framework for adaptive UI development, driven by personal semantic user profile and mashup of reusable adaptive visualization modules. Considering human as a powerful integrated part of IoT environment, UI adaptation and personalization framework has been extended with automated ontology-based UI creation (Semantic Scanner concept). Presented approach of on-the-fly semantically-driven adaptive UI creation facilitates a process of human integration into machine-oriented infrastructure.
Security Awarness Program for Customers Using Online Banking
Authors: Zaabi Khulood Al , Tubaishat Abdallah 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDue to the increasing demand on electronic payments, fraud methods are also increasing which has resulted in the loss of millions of dollars worldwide each year in the banking sector. Several studies have been conducted to counter against fraud in the banking domain and to come up with ways to secure online payments. None of these studies, however, have resulted in a comprehensive awareness program which targets customer banking. The purpose of this research is to propose an awareness program, Information Security Awareness Program, dubbed ISAP. We believe that such a program is needed for the following reasons: a) in order to enhance the level of trust in online banking, b) to protect each customer’s personal information and c) to comply with the online bank requirements. We have identified several online frauds, and then we recommended some best practices for online protection in the following areas: online shopping, online protection, password protection, operating system protection, identity theft protection, and debit/credit card protection.
Watch your language: Power words at the human–nature interface
Authors: Norgaard Richard B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWords are integral to thinking and communicating. Words also carry old baggage. The Anthropocene necessitates new thinking and communication at the human–nature interface. Words like progress, natural, and thresholds are pervasive in both scientific and policy discourse, but carry baggage that will likely slow understanding of the Anthropocene and appropriate adaptation. The dynamic systems thinking with emergent properties of ecology needs to replace the efficiency and growth framework of economics. Diversity and resilience are productive and less historically burdened words.
The role of fall season tropical plumes in enhancing Saharan rainfall during the African Humid Period
Authors: Skinner Christopher B. , Poulsen Christopher J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe early Holocene to mid‐Holocene African Humid Period (AHP) is marked by widespread rainfall throughout the present‐day arid Sahara. Here we simulate early Holocene and mid‐Holocene climate with the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 to explore the role of fall season dynamics in driving Saharan rainfall during the AHP. An enhanced summer monsoon during the AHP results in abundant fall season moisture throughout tropical Africa, particularly during the mid‐Holocene. During the fall, extratropical troughs advect tropical moisture toward the Sahara in the form of concentrated plumes of water vapor and extend the Saharan rainy season into October. Fall season tropical plumes contribute up to 30% of annual Saharan rainfall during the mid‐Holocene. Our results suggest that tropical plumes serve as an important mechanism for enhancing Saharan rainfall during the late AHP and that further understanding of changes in tropical plumes through time may provide valuable insights into past African hydroclimate change.
Initial mapping of Mercury's crustal magnetic field: Relationship to the Caloris impact basin
Authors: Hood L. L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSeventy‐eight low‐altitude passes of MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging magnetometer data from August to September of 2014 have been applied to produce an approximate map of the crustal magnetic field at a constant altitude of 80 km covering latitudes of 50°–80°N and longitudes of 160°–330°E. The strongest anomalies are located in the westernmost part of the mapped region just north and northeast of the Caloris impact basin. The strongest single anomaly group lies over a smooth plains unit that extends northward from Caloris. A second anomaly lies on the Odin Formation, interpreted as primary Caloris ejecta. A third broad anomaly also lies over a smooth plains unit, Suisei Planitia. Although many smooth plains on Mercury may have a volcanic origin, a subset of these plains is concentrated around Caloris and could have a dominantly impact origin. It is therefore proposed that many of the Mercurian anomaly sources consist of impact basin ejecta materials.
Modeling Europa's dust plumes
Authors: Southworth B. S. , Kempf S. , Schmidt J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe discovery of Jupiter's moon Europa maintaining a probably sporadic water vapor plume constitutes a huge scientific opportunity for NASA's upcoming mission to this Galilean moon. Measuring properties of material emerging from interior sources offers a unique chance to understand conditions at Europa's subsurface ocean. Exploiting results obtained for the Enceladus plume, we simulate possible Europa plume configurations, analyze particle number density and surface deposition results, and estimate the expected flux of ice grains on a spacecraft. Due to Europa's high escape speed, observing an active plume will require low‐altitude flybys, preferably at altitudes of 5–100 km. At higher altitudes a plume may escape detection. Our simulations provide an extensive library documenting the possible structure of Europa dust plumes, which can be quickly refined as more data on Europa dust plumes are collected.
A statistical model for seismic hazard assessment of hydraulic‐fracturing‐induced seismicity
Authors: Hajati T. , Langenbruch C. , Shapiro S. A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe analyze the interevent time distribution of hydraulic‐fracturing‐induced seismicity collected during 18 stages at four different regions. We identify a universal statistical process describing the distribution of hydraulic‐fracturing‐induced events in time. The distribution of waiting times between subsequently occurring events is given by the exponential probability density function of the homogeneous Poisson process. Our findings suggest that hydraulic‐fracturing‐induced seismicity is directly triggered by the relaxation of stress and pore pressure perturbation initially created by the injection. Therefore, compared to this relaxation, the stress transfer caused by the occurrence of preceding seismic events is mainly insignificant for the seismogenesis of subsequently occurring events. We develop a statistical model to compute the occurrence probability of hydraulic‐fracturing‐induced seismicity. This model can be used to assess the seismic hazard associated with hydraulic fracturing operations. No aftershock triggering has to be included in the statistical model.
Air moisture control on ocean surface temperature, hidden key to the warm bias enigma
Authors: Hourdin Frédéric , Găinusă‐Bogdan Alina , Braconnot Pascale , Dufresne Jean‐Louis , Traore Aboul‐Khadre , Rio Catherine 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe systematic overestimation by climate models of the surface temperature over the eastern tropical oceans is generally attributed to an insufficient oceanic cooling or to an underestimation of stratocumulus clouds. We show that surface evaporation contributes as much as clouds to the dispersion of the warm bias intensity in a multimodel simulations ensemble. The models with the largest warm biases are those with the highest surface heating by radiation and lowest evaporative cooling in atmospheric simulations with prescribed sea surface temperatures. Surface evaporation also controls the amplitude of the surface temperature response to this overestimated heating, when the atmosphere is coupled to an ocean. Evaporation increases with temperature both because of increasing saturation humidity and of an unexpected drying of the near‐surface air. Both the origin of the bias and this temperature adjustment point to the key role of near‐surface relative humidity and its control by the atmospheric model.
Recent Hadley cell expansion: The role of internal atmospheric variability in reconciling modeled and observed trends
Authors: Garfinkel Chaim I. , Waugh Darryn W. , Polvani Lorenzo M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSeveral studies have reported that global climate models underestimate the observed trend in tropical expansion, with the implication that such models are missing key processes of the climate system. We show here that integrations of a chemistry‐climate model forced with observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs), greenhouse gases, and ozone‐depleting substances can produce 1980 to 2009 expansion trends comparable to those found in most reanalyses data products. Correct representation of the SSTs changes is important for the Northern Hemisphere, while correct representation of stratospheric ozone changes is important for the Southern Hemisphere. The ensemble mean trend (which captures only the forced response) is nearly always much weaker than trends in reanalyses. This suggests that a large fraction of the recently observed changes may, in fact, be a consequence of internal atmospheric variability and not a response of the climate system to anthropogenic forcings.
Local finite‐amplitude wave activity as an objective diagnostic of midlatitude extreme weather
Authors: Chen Gang , Lu Jian , Burrows D. Alex , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMidlatitude extreme weather events are responsible for a large part of climate‐related damage, yet our understanding of these extreme events is limited, partly due to the lack of a theoretical basis for midlatitude extreme weather. In this letter, the local finite‐amplitude wave activity (LWA) of Huang and Nakamura (2015) is introduced as a diagnostic of the 500 hPa geopotential height for characterizing midlatitude weather events. It is found that the LWA climatology and its variability associated with the Arctic Oscillation agree broadly with the previously reported blocking frequency in the literature. There is a strong seasonal and spatial dependence in the trends of LWA in recent decades. While there is no observational evidence for a hemispheric‐scale increase in wave amplitude, robust trends in wave activity can be identified at the regional scales, with important implications for regional climate change.
In situ observations of flux rope at the separatrix region of magnetic reconnection
Authors: Huang S. Y. , Retino A. , Phan T. D. , Daughton W. , Vaivads A. , Karimabadi H. , Zhou M. , Sahraoui F. , Li G. L. , Yuan Z. G. , Deng X. H. , Fu H. S. , Fu S. , Pang Y. , Wang D. D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe present the first in situ observations of a small‐scale flux rope locally formed at the separatrix region of magnetic reconnection without large guide field. Bidirectional electron beams (cold and hot beams) and density cavity accompanied by intense wave activity substantiate the crossing of the separatrix region. Density compression and one parallel electron beam are detected inside the flux rope. We suggest that this flux rope is locally generated at the separatrix region due to the tearing instability within the separatrix current layer. This observation sheds new light on the 3‐D picture of magnetic reconnection in space plasma.
Enhanced N2 and O2 densities inferred from EISCAT observations of Pc5 waves and associated electron precipitation
Authors: Sydorenko D. , Rankin R. , Yau A. W. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAn advanced two‐dimensional numerical model of the coupled ionosphere and magnetosphere is used to analyze EISCAT observations of ULF waves that are accompanied by electron precipitation with a wide energy spectrum. The observations show columns of significantly enhanced electron density produced by pulsating precipitation at altitudes between 150 km and 300 km. After each precipitation pulse, the plasma density returns to its initial value within 2 min. Simulations reveal that such a high‐density decay rate cannot be reproduced with the composition of neutrals corresponding to a quiet time provided by the Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter model. To explain the rapid density decay rate using the model of the coupled ionosphere and magnetosphere, the density of nitrogen and oxygen molecules was increased, while the density of oxygen atoms was decreased. The modified neutral densities improved not only the decay rate but also the altitude profile of plasma density which had no F2 layer maximum before the wave and the pulsating precipitation started.
Emission of hydrogen energetic neutral atoms from the Martian subsolar magnetosheath
Authors: Wang X.‐D. , Alho M. , Jarvinen R. , Kallio E. , Barabash S. , Futaana Y. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe have simulated the hydrogen energetic neutral atom (ENA) emissions from the subsolar magnetosheath of Mars using a hybrid model of the proton plasma charge exchanging with the Martian exosphere to study statistical features revealed from the observations of the Neutral Particle Detectors on Mars Express. The simulations reproduce well the observed enhancement of the hydrogen ENA emissions from the dayside magnetosheath in directions perpendicular to the Sun‐Mars line. Our results show that the neutralized protons from the shocked solar wind are the dominant ENA population rather than those originating from the pickup planetary ions. The simulation also suggests that the observed stronger ENA emissions in the direction opposite to the solar wind convective electric field result from a stronger proton flux in the same direction at the lower magnetosheath; i.e., the proton fluxes in the magnetosheath are not cylindrically symmetric. We also confirm the observed increasing of the ENA fluxes with the solar wind dynamical pressure in the simulations. This feature is associated with a low altitude of the induced magnetic boundary when the dynamic pressure is high and the magnetosheath protons can reach to a denser exosphere, and thus, the charge exchange rate becomes higher. Overall, the analysis suggests that kinetic effects play an important and pronounced role in the morphology of the hydrogen ENA distribution and the plasma environment at Mars, in general.
Coincidence of heliospheric current sheet and stream interface: Implications for the origin and evolution of the solar wind
Authors: Huang Jia , Liu Yong C.‐M. , Klecker Berndt , Chen Yao 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn general, the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), which defines the boundary of sunward and antisunward magnetic field, is encased by the slow solar wind. The stream interface (SI) represents the boundary between the solar wind plasmas of different origin and/or characteristics. According to earlier studies using data of low time resolution, the SI and HCS get closer further away from the Sun, and the two structures coincide with each other around 5 AU. In this study, we use STEREO data of a much higher time resolution to reveal an unusual case where the SI and HCS are coincident near 1 AU and separated from the so‐called true sector boundary (TSB) at which the suprathermal electrons change their relative propagation directions. Preliminary analysis suggests that the closed loops in pseudostreamers continually have interchange reconnection with the open‐field lines that lead them, resulting not only in the coincidence of HCS and SI but also in the separation of the TSB from the HCS/SI. We therefore conclude that the interchange reconnection plays an important role in the evolution of slow solar wind.
Effects of solar and geomagnetic activities on the zonal drift of equatorial plasma bubbles
Authors: Huang Chao‐Song , Roddy Patrick A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEquatorial plasma bubbles are mostly generated in the postsunset sector and then move in the zonal direction. Plasma bubbles can last for several hours and move over hundreds of kilometers (even more than 1000 km). In this study, we use measurements of ion density by the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite to determine the orbit‐averaged drift velocity of plasma bubbles. The objective of the study is to identify the dependence of the bubble drift on the solar radio flux and geomagnetic activities. In total, 5463 drift velocities are derived over May 2008 to April 2014, and a statistical analysis is performed. The average pattern of the bubble drift is in good agreement with the zonal drift of the equatorial F region plasma. The zonal drift velocity of plasma bubbles increases with the solar radio flux. However, the increase shows different features at different local times. Geomagnetic activities cause a decrease of the eastward drift velocity of plasma bubbles, equivalent to the occurrence of a westward drift, through disturbance dynamo process. In particular, the decrease of the eastward drift velocity appears to become accelerated when the Dst index is smaller than −60 nT or Kp is larger than 4.