bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kommunikation zwischen Apothekern und Ärzten bei potenziell schweren Arzneimittelinteraktionen
Authors: Pulst Alexandra , Justus Isabel , Schmiemann Guido 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Potenziell schwere Arzneimittelinteraktionen werden häufig durch Apotheker entdeckt. In solchen Fällen ist eine schnelle Kommunikation mit dem verschreibenden Arzt notwendig. Aufgrund der schwierigen telefonischen Erreichbarkeit wurde in einem vorausgegangenen Projekt eine Faxvorlage zur Meldung potenziell schwerer Arzneimittelinteraktionen entwickelt. In dieser Beobachtungsstudie wurden Häufigkeit und Art der gemeldeten Interaktionen evaluiert.
Methoden Die Faxvorlage wurde Hausärzten und Apothekern im Bundesland Bremen vorgestellt. Die Schwere der Interaktionen wurde anhand der ABDA-Klassifikation (von 1: „schwerwiegende Folgen wahrscheinlich – kontraindiziert“ bis 8: „keine weiteren Maßnahmen erforderlich“) bestimmt. Teilnehmende Apotheker wurden gebeten, ein anonymisiertes Duplikat jeder Faxvorlage zur Verfügung zu stellen. Die interagierenden Arzneimittel, die Schweregrade der Interaktionen, Empfehlungen der Apotheker und die Rückantwort der Ärzte wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse 123 Faxe von 23 teilnehmenden Apotheken (1 – 25 Faxe/Apotheke) wurden ausgewertet. Bei 108 von 123 wurde eine Interaktion unterschiedlichen Schweregrades nach ABDA gemeldet. In den übrigen Fällen konnte der Schweregrad nicht ermittelt werden (n = 7) oder es handelte sich um eine Doppelmedikation (n = 8). Eine Rückantwort des Arztes war bei 69,4 % (n = 75) vorhanden. In Anlehnung an die Empfehlung der Apotheke wurde von den Ärzten ein alternatives Medikament verschrieben, die Medikation vorläufig/dauerhaft abgesetzt oder eine engmaschige Überwachung angeordnet (n = 23). Weiterhin wurde eine andere Therapieoption gewählt (n = 15) oder das Problem als bekannt eingestuft und die Verordnung beibehalten (31,5 %, n = 34). Eine Rücksprache mit dem Patienten wurde kaum angestrebt (n = 3).
Diskussion Die Faxvorlage scheint bei Apothekern ein akzeptiertes Instrument zur Meldung potenziell schwerer Arzneimittelinteraktionen zu sein. Es kann mit wenig Aufwand zu einer Verbesserung der Arzneimitteltherapie beitragen. Entgegen der Intention meldeten Apotheker auch weniger schwere Arzneimittelinteraktionen. Hier ist auf das Risiko von zu vielen Warnhinweisen („over-alerting“) hinzuweisen, die zu einer unbeabsichtigten Vernachlässigung von ernsten Fällen führen können.
Percolative core formation in planetesimals enabled by hysteresis in metal connectivity
Authors: Ghanbarzadeh Soheil , Hesse Marc A. , Prodanović Maša 
Published: December 2017

SignificanceIt has long been thought that percolative core formation is prevented by high dihedral angles that trap the majority of the metallic phases in the mantle, even if the percolation threshold is overcome. Here we use pore-scale simulations to show that hysteresis in melt network topology allows the melt to remain connected during drainage, suggesting that percolative core formation is possible on bodies that contain enough metallic phases to overcome the percolation threshold.
Early childhood stress exposure, reward pathways, and adult decision making
Authors: Birn Rasmus M. , Roeber Barbara J. , Pollak Seth D. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Individuals who have experienced high levels of stress in early childhood are at risk for a wide range of behavioral problems, yet the neurobiological processes underlying these associations are poorly understood. In this experiment, we uncover a potential mechanism leading to maladaptive decision making: altered brain activation during anticipation of rewards and losses. Individual differences in neural responses to cues of potential reward or loss were associated with early life stress and both laboratory and real-world measures of risk-taking behaviors. These effects were predicted only by childhood stress exposure, not by current levels of stress in the participants’ adult lives. Early life stress was assessed prospectively, when the participants were children, thereby avoiding the potential biases associated with adult retrospective recall.
Molecular and functional resemblance of differentiated cells derived from isogenic human iPSCs and SCNT-derived ESCs
Authors: Zhao Ming-Tao , Chen Haodong , Liu Qing , Shao Ning-Yi , Sayed Nazish , Wo Hung-Ta , Zhang Joe Z. , Ong Sang-Ging , Liu Chun , Kim Youngkyun , Yang Huaxiao , Chour Tony , Ma Hong , Gutierrez Nuria Marti , Karakikes Ioannis , Mitalipov Shoukhrat , Snyder Michael P. , Wu Joseph C. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Patient-specific pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can be derived by two nuclear reprogramming methods: somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) using unfertilized eggs and transcription factor-based reprogramming (i.e., induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSCs). The direct comparison of differentiated cells generated by SCNT and iPSC has yet to be assessed. In this study, we employ cutting-edge technologies to evaluate the similarities and differences between isogenic human iPSCs and SCNT-ESC derivatives. We provide proof-of-concept that differentiated cells derived from human iPSCs are comparable to nuclear transfer-derived ESC counterparts with regard to transcriptional, epigenetic, physiological, and pharmacological features, given that they are genetically identical. We conclude that human iPSCs are capable of replacing SCNT for generating differentiated cells for drug testing and disease modeling.
Electrostatic confinement and manipulation of DNA molecules for genome analysis
Authors: Kounovsky-Shafer Kristy L. , Hernandez-Ortiz Juan P. , Potamousis Konstantinos , Tsvid Gene , Place Michael , Ravindran Prabu , Jo Kyubong , Zhou Shiguo , Odijk Theo , de Pablo Juan J. , Schwartz David C. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Repeated sequences make up approximately two-thirds of the human genome, which become fully accountable when very large DNA molecules are analyzed. Long, single DNA molecules are problematic using common experimental techniques and fluidic devices because of mechanical considerations that include breakage, dealing with the massive size of these coils, or the huge length of stretched DNAs. Accordingly, we harness analyte “issues” as exploitable advantages by invention and characterization of the “molecular gate,” which controls and synchronizes formation of stretched molecules as DNA dumbbells within nanoslit geometries that may also offer new routes to separation. This was accomplished by theoretical studies and experiments leveraging a series of electrical forces acting on DNA molecules, device walls, and the fluid flows within our devices.
Structural studies of Chikungunya virus maturation
Authors: Yap Moh Lan , Klose Thomas , Urakami Akane , Hasan S. Saif , Akahata Wataru , Rossmann Michael G. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belongs to the alphavirus family, the members of which have enveloped icosahedral capsids. The maturation process of alphaviruses involves proteolysis of some of the structural proteins before assembling with nucleocapsids to produce mature virions. We mutated the proteolytic cleavage site on E2 envelope protein, which is necessary in initiating the maturation process. Noninfectious virus-like particles (VLP) equivalent to “immature” fusion incompetent particles were produced to study the immature conformation of CHIKV. We describe the 6.8-Å resolution electron microscopy structure of “immature” CHIK VLPs. Structural differences between the mature and immature VLPs show that posttranslational processing of the envelope proteins and nucleocapsid is necessary to allow exposure of the fusion loop on glycoprotein E1 to produce an infectious virus.
Islet cells share promoter hypomethylation independently of expression, but exhibit cell-type–specific methylation in enhancers
Authors: Neiman Daniel , Moss Joshua , Hecht Merav , Magenheim Judith , Piyanzin Sheina , Shapiro A. M. James , de Koning Eelco J. P. , Razin Aharon , Cedar Howard , Shemer Ruth , Dor Yuval 
Published: December 2017

Significance
We have studied the dynamics of DNA methylation in pancreatic α- and β-cells and reached surprising insights into the establishment of islet cell identity. Different islet cell types share lack of methylation in cell-type–specific gene promoters, while DNA methylation differences between islet cell types are concentrated in enhancer regions. The findings support the fundamental role of enhancer methylation in determining cell identity, and have implications for the understanding of islet cell plasticity in diabetes.
Development and validation of a high-throughput transcriptomic biomarker to address 21st century genetic toxicology needs
Authors: Li Heng-Hong , Chen Renxiang , Hyduke Daniel R. , Williams Andrew , Frötschl Roland , Ellinger-Ziegelbauer Heidrun , O’Lone Raegan , Yauk Carole L. , Aubrecht Jiri , Fornace Albert J. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Standard in vitro assays to assess genotoxicity frequently generate positive results that are subsequently found to be irrelevant for in vivo carcinogenesis and human cancer risk assessment. Currently used follow-up methods, such as animal testing, are expensive and time-consuming, and the development of approaches enabling more accurate mechanism-based risk assessment is essential. We developed an in vitro transcriptomic biomarker-based approach that provides a robust biomarker reflecting stress-signaling responses. The biomarker correctly identifies the vast majority of irrelevant genotoxicity results from in vitro chromosome damage assays. TGx-DDI, a multigene biomarker for DNA damage-inducing agents, is the first biomarker that not only shows convincing interlaboratory and intralaboratory reproducibility, but also performs accurately in a system suitable for high-throughput screening.
Multiple oscillatory rhythms determine the temporal organization of perception
Authors: Ronconi Luca , Oosterhof Nikolaas N. , Bonmassar Claudia , Melcher David 
Published: December 2017

SignificanceTo reduce the complexity of our sensory environment, the perceptual system discretizes information in different ways. In the time domain, this is evident when stimuli that are presented very close in time are sometimes faithfully perceived as different entities, whereas they are integrated into a single event at other times. Using multivariate decoding of electroencephalography data, we show that integration and segregation of stimuli over different time scales (a few tens vs. a few hundreds of milliseconds) do not rely on a single sampling rhythm; instead, they depend on the phase of prestimulus oscillations at different frequency bands in right posterior-parietal channels. These findings suggest the existence of a specific mapping between oscillations and temporal windows in perception.
Terminal attack trajectories of peregrine falcons are described by the proportional navigation guidance law of missiles
Authors: Brighton Caroline H. , Thomas Adrian L. R. , Taylor Graham K. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Renowned as nature’s fastest predators, peregrines are famous for their high-speed stooping and swooping attack behaviors. We used miniature GPS receivers to track peregrines attacking dummy targets thrown by a falconer or towed by a drone and fitted a simulation describing the dynamics of the guidance system used in interception. We collected onboard video giving a falcon’s-eye view of the attacks and used this to validate our conclusions for attacks on live targets. Remarkably, we find that the terminal attack trajectories of peregrines are described by the same feedback law used by visually guided missiles, but with a tuning appropriate to their lower flight speed. Our findings have application to drones designed to remove other drones from protected airspace.
Enigmatic origin of the poxvirus membrane from the endoplasmic reticulum shown by 3D imaging of vaccinia virus assembly mutants
Authors: Weisberg Andrea S. , Maruri-Avidal Liliana , Bisht Himani , Hansen Bryan T. , Schwartz Cindi L. , Fischer Elizabeth R. , Meng Xiangzhi , Xiang Yan , Moss Bernard 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Poxviruses cause human and epizootic diseases and are employed as vaccine vectors. The present investigation provides insights into a key step in poxvirus replication, the assembly of infectious virus particles. Enveloped viruses acquire membranes from cellular organelles; nevertheless, the source of the poxvirus membrane has been an enigma. Poxvirus assembly occurs in cytoplasmic factories, and the first recognizable structures are membrane crescents without discernible connections to cellular membranes. The key to demonstrating connections was isolation of vaccinia virus mutants that are defective in assembly. Electron tomographic analyses of cells infected with the mutants unambiguously demonstrated continuity between viral membranes and the endoplasmic reticulum and suggested that viral proteins induce or stabilize membrane scissions during a normal infection.
Structure and function of a compound eye, more than half a billion years old
Authors: Schoenemann Brigitte , Pärnaste Helje , Clarkson Euan N. K. 
Published: December 2017

SignificanceAn exceptionally well-preserved arthropod fossil from near the base of the lower Cambrian shows the internal sensory structures of a compound eye, more than half a billion years old. The trilobite to which it belongs is found in a zone where the first complete organisms appear in the fossil record; thus, it is probably the oldest record of a visual system that ever will be available. This compound eye proved to possess the same kind of structure as the eyes of bees and dragonflies living today, but it lacks the lenses that are typical of modern eyes of this type. There is an elegant physical solution, however, of how to develop a quality image of modern type.
Evidence for sortilin modulating regional accumulation of human tau prions in transgenic mice
Authors: Johnson Noah R. , Condello Carlo , Guan Shenheng , Oehler Abby , Becker Julia , Gavidia Marta , Carlson George A. , Giles Kurt , Prusiner Stanley B. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Human neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease develop in a highly stereotyped fashion, suggesting intrinsic differences among brain regions determine whether they are affected or spared. Here, we employed a widely used line of transgenic (Tg) mice expressing mutant (P301S) human tau and exhibiting robust tauopathy. By examining brain regions affected by and spared of tau prions, we found that localization of human tau prion formation in Tg mice arises from regional inhibition of tau prion replication. Using a cell-based bioassay, we identified an inhibitor of tau prion propagation in the forebrain. These discoveries may lead to the identification of key mediators of brain vulnerability involved in human tauopathies, a promising strategy for the development of targeted therapeutics for these diseases.
Argument by multimodal metaphor as strategic maneuvering in video advertising
Authors: Chuanrui Zhang , Cihua Xu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe present study analyzes the strategic maneuvering in theLin Dan Commercial(LDC), an anti-corruption advertisement broadcasted on China Central Television, with the help of pragma-dialectics and conceptual metaphor theory. In order to evaluate theLDC’s reasonableness and effectiveness, this research aims to establish how an argument by multimodal metaphor is used in practice for disseminating of an anti-corruption view. A pragma-dialectical analysis is provided of theLDCadvertisement viewed as a multimodal metaphor. According to the research, theLDCadvertisement multimodally contains a conceptual metaphor,career is a match,to enhance the advertisement’s effectiveness by maneuvering strategically. In this endeavor, a sense of identity created by the multimodally-expressed conceptual metaphor is utilized to ensure its reasonableness.
Strategic maneuvering by personal attacks in spokespersons’ argumentative replies at diplomatic press conferences
Authors: Peng Wu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWithin the framework of Pragma-Dialectics, this article analyzes personal attacks in the spokespersons’ replies at the press conferences held by the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs between 2012 and 2015. The research results show that, to cut down the credibility of their opponents in attempting to dismiss them, spokespersons adopt three subtypes of personal attack: the direct, the indirect, and theYou toosubtypes. Each of them can be further divided into several variants. Taking account of the institutional preconditions for making argumentative replies at governmental press conferences, this article analyzes how spokespersons maneuver strategically in attacking a secondary audience by means of the various subtypes and variants of personal attack. It then explains how these strategic maneuvers assist the spokespersons in convincing their primary audience.
The verbal prefix u- in Croatian and Bulgarian
Authors: Šarić Ljiljana , Nedelcheva Svetlana 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study compares the semantic networks of the verbal prefix
u- in two South Slavic languages, Bulgarian (blg.) and
Croatian (cro.), in a cognitive linguistics framework using two
databases of prefixed verbs drawn from dictionaries and corpora. We point to
similarities and overlapping categories in the semantic networks of
u- in blg. and cro., as well as to
differences. When accounting for the differences, we consider prefixes
semantically similar to u- (within one language and in both
languages) that combine with the same base verbs forming either prefixed
near-synonyms (e.g., blg. uvehna, zavehna, izvehna
‘wither, fade’; cro. umastiti, omastiti, zamastiti
‘grease, stain’) or prefixed verbs that are only seemingly near-synonyms (e.g.,
blg. ukaža ‘indicate, show’, okaža
se ‘turn out’; cro. ocrniti ‘denigrate,
slander’, ucrniti (se) ‘color black, wear
black’). We examine how the meaning networks of individual semantically related
prefixes (e.g., u- and za-,
iz-) overlap within one language and across the two
languages, as well as how different construals of the same event affect the
prefix choice.
“No news is good news?”
Authors: Sakamoto Akiko , Foedisch Melanie 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Professional translation is now predominantly carried out in virtual-team-style production networks where communication between language service providers (LSPs) and freelance translators’ practice is increasingly restricted to computerised methods. Although some literature deals with interactions between different participants in the translation production network, little attention has been paid to the ways in which they exchange feedback on translation products. Using observation and interview methods, this article examines how feedback is perceived and dealt with by freelance translators and LSPs’ project managers. Our results suggest that, although both groups share the value of feedback to some extent, feedback does not always reach translators and the translators are not always aware of the rationale behind it. By drawing on the Job Characteristics Model (JCM) (Hackman and Oldham 1980), which was developed in organisational psychology, we argue that incorporating feedback in the job constructs of freelance translators’ work may help to enhance translators’ motivation.
Undecaprenyl phosphate metabolism in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Kawakami Naoki , Fujisaki Shingo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUndecaprenyl phosphate (UP) is essential for the biosynthesis of bacterial extracellular polysaccharides. UP is produced by the dephosphorylation of undecaprenyl diphosphate (UPP) via de novo synthetic and recycling pathways. Gram-positive bacteria contain remarkable amounts of undecaprenol (UOH), which is phosphorylated to UP, although UOH has not been found in Gram-negative bacteria. Here, current knowledge about UPP phosphatase and UOH kinase is reviewed. Dephosphorylation of UPP is catalyzed by a BacA homologue and a type-2 phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP2) homologue. The presence of one of these UPP phosphatases is essential for bacterial growth. The catalytic center of both types of enzyme is located outside the cytoplasmic membrane. In Gram-positive bacteria, an enzyme homologous to DgkA, which is the diacylglycerol kinase of Escherichia coli, catalyzes UOH phosphorylation. The possible role of UOH and the significance of systematic construction of Staphylococcus aureus mutants to determine UP metabolism are discussed.
Improvement of the activity and thermostability of microbial transglutaminase by multiple-site mutagenesis
Authors: Mu Dongdong , Lu Jiaojiao , Shu Chang , Li Haowen , Li Xingjiang , Cai Jing , Luo Shuizhong , Yang Peizhou , Jiang Shaotong , Zheng Zhi 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (MTG) is an enzyme widely used in the food industry. Mutiple-site mutagenesis of Streptomyces mobaraensis transglutaminase was performed in Escherichia coli. According to enzymatic assay and thermostability study, among three penta-site MTG mutants (DM01-03), DM01 exhibited the highest enzymatic activity of 55.7 ± 1.4 U/mg and longest half-life at 50 °C (418.2 min) and 60 °C (24.8 min).
Characterization of moderately halotolerant selenate- and tellurite-reducing bacteria isolated from brackish areas in Osaka
Authors: Soda Satoshi , Ma Wenbo , Kuroda Masashi , Nishikawa Hiroshi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Ike Michihiko 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Moderately halotolerant selenate- and tellurite-reducing bacteria were characterized for wastewater treatment applications. A selenate-reducing strain 9a was isolated from the biofilm of a leachate treatment plant at a sea-based waste disposal site. A tellurite-reducing strain Taa was isolated from an enrichment culture derived from brackish sediment. Both bacterial strains were Shewanella species. Strain 9a could anaerobically remove 45–70% of 1.0 mM selenate and selenite from water containing up to 3% NaCl within 4 days, while strain Taa could anaerobically and aerobically remove 70–90% of 0.4 mM tellurite from water containing up to 6% NaCl within 3 days. Globular particles of insoluble selenium were observed both outside and inside the cells of strain 9a. The insoluble tellurium formed by strain Taa was globular under microaerobic conditions but nanorod under aerobic conditions. These bacteria will yield a range of useful selenium and tellurium nanomaterials as well as wastewater treatment applications.
Social Class, Gender and Ethnic Differences in Subjects Taken at Age 14.
Authors: Henderson Morag , Sullivan Alice , Anders Jake , Moulton Vanessa 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we identify patterns of subject and qualification choices made at age 14. Much of the previous research on ‘subject choice’ has focussed on the later stages of educational trajectories, particularly Higher Education. However, the choices made at early branching points can limit pupils’ subsequent options, potentially contributing to educational inequalities. This paper identifies the patterns of General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) subjects chosen by a cohort of young people born in 1989/1990. We make use of the Next Steps data (formerly the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE)) which is linked to the National Pupil Database. We develop an approach to measuring the academic selectivity of subjects and qualifications. We examine the roles of social class, parental education, income, gender and ethnicity in determining participation in these curriculum groupings. Using measures of prior attainment from age thirteen, we address the question of whether curriculum differentials simply reflect differences in prior attainment or whether they actually operate above and beyond existing inequalities. We find clear socio‐economic, gender, ethnic and school‐level differences in subjects studied which cannot be accounted for by prior attainment.