bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of antihypertensive drugs and risk of keratinocyte carcinoma: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Tang Huilin , Fu Shuangshuang , Zhai Suodi , Song Yiqing , Asgari Maryam M. , Han Jiali 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeCurrent epidemiologic evidence on the association between antihypertensive drugs and keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) risk is inconsistent. We sought to quantify this association by meta‐analysis of observational studies.MethodsWe systematically reviewed observational studies published through August 2016 and reported the KC risk (basal cell carcinoma [BCC] and squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]) associated with antihypertensive drugs, including diuretics, angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), beta‐adrenergic blocking agents (β‐blockers), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs). Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsTen eligible studies were included. Compared with nonuse, diuretic use was significantly associated with increased risk of both BCC (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.20) and SCC (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.19‐1.66). Use of β‐blockers or CCBs was associated with increased risk of BCC (but not SCC); the OR with β‐blockers was 1.09 (95% CI, 1.04‐1.15) and with CCBs was 1.15 (95% CI, 1.09‐1.21). Use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs was associated with decreased risk of both BCC (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.39‐0.71) and SCC (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.42‐0.80) in high‐risk individuals.ConclusionsCurrent evidence indicates that use of diuretics might be associated with increased risk of KC, while ACE inhibitors or ARBs might be associated with decreased risk in high‐risk individuals. β‐blockers or CCBs might be positively associated with BCC risk. Further postmarketing surveillance studies and investigations to clarify the possible underlying mechanisms are warranted.
A bird's eye view of the synthesis and practical application of conducting polymers
Authors: Evans Drew 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFor almost four decades conducting polymers (CPs) have maintained the interest of the global scientific community. This interest arises from the unique blend of properties that these materials possess: tuneable electrical properties combined with mechanical flexibility of traditional polymers. In more recent times the broader investigation of CP properties and behaviour has led to new potential applications, such as photovoltaic and bioelectronic devices. The promise of CPs is considerable, yet to date they have had limited penetration into the commercial and industrial sectors. This perspective article highlights some of the challenges and opportunities ahead as CPs translate from the research sector into commercial products. In particular is the need to study in depth the manufacturing process(es) of CPs and how they relate to existing or emerging industry. © 2018 The Author. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Rheo‐Raman spectroscopic study of microscopic deformation behavior for ultra‐low‐density polyethylene
Authors: Kida Takumitsu , Hiejima Yusuke , Nitta Koh‐hei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn situ Raman spectroscopy was applied to ultra‐low‐density polyethylene (ULDPE) to investigate the microscopic deformation behavior under uniaxial stretching. It was found that the crystalline chains of ULDPE show a bimodal molecular orientation parallel and perpendicular to the stretching direction beyond the elastic region. The peak shifts of C − C stretching modes of the crystalline chains obviously depend on the polarization direction, suggesting that the microscopic load sharing is anisotropic. Whereas the stretching stress is applied on the crystalline chains oriented in the stretching direction, the compression stress is applied on those oriented perpendicular to the stretching direction. This anisotropic load sharing is caused by the Poisson shrinkage of the specimen owing to the rubber‐like properties of ULDPE. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Patients' and oncologists' views on family involvement in goals of care conversations
Authors: Lin Jenny J. , Smith Cardinale B. , Feder Shelli , Bickell Nina A. , Schulman‐Green Dena 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveFamily members can significantly impact advanced cancer patients' treatment and are important participants in goals of care (GoC) conversations. Yet, research on patient and physician perspectives about family involvement and influence on GoC conversations is limited. Our purpose was to describe patients' and oncologists' perspectives about family involvement and influence on GoC conversations among patients with advanced cancer.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews at academic, community, and municipal hospitals (n = 4) with patients with advanced cancer (n = 39) and their oncologists (n = 21). Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. We analyzed data using interpretive description. Three coders independently coded transcripts, compared codes, and resolved discrepancies.ResultsWe identified 4 themes common to patients and oncologists regarding family involvement in GoC conversations: (1) Presence and Duration of Family Involvement; (2) Family Expectations; (3) Protecting patients'/Family Members' Feelings; and (4) Patient‐Family Disagreement. For patients, we identified 2 additional themes: (1) Family and Oncologist Relationship and (2) Effects of Cancer on Family. Both patients and oncologists emphasized the importance of family support for the patient's understanding of their illness and on patients' emotions. We also identified ways in which family involvement may benefit or prove challenging to GoC conversations.ConclusionsPatients and oncologists have similar views about family involvement in GoC conversations. Learning how to communicate with family members should be a critical component of physician education in palliative care.
Prevalence of physical problems detected by the distress thermometer and problem list in patients with breast cancer
Authors: McFarland Daniel C. , Shaffer Kelly M. , Tiersten Amy , Holland Jimmie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with breast cancer have high rates of physical symptoms that negatively impact their quality of life. The relationship between women's perceptions of these physical symptoms and patient demographic and breast cancer characteristics is less well known. This study describes physical symptoms of patients with breast cancer and their relationship with patient characteristics.MethodsPatients (n = 125) with breast cancer (stage 0‐IV) completed questionnaires in a dedicated academic medical center breast cancer clinic. Patients reported demographics (age, race/ethnicity, marital status, and employment status) and disease characteristics (surgery type, receipt of chemotherapy, or antihormonal therapy). Patients reported whether they were bothered by any of the 22 physical problem list (PPL) variables from the distress thermometer and problem list.ResultsThe median number of physical problems endorsed by patients was 3.0 (M = 3.43, SD = 3.42). Approximately one‐fourth endorsed no physical symptoms while three‐fourths reported at least 1 problem, and three‐fifths endorsed 2 or more problems. Fatigue (40.0%), sleep (34.7%), skin dry/itchy (22.9%), pain (19.5%), and feeling swollen (19.5%) were most commonly reported. Age, race/ethnicity, marital status, employment status, and receipt of chemotherapy were associated with certain physical problems. Problems with breathing, eating, memory/concentration, nausea, and total number of endorsed PPL variables were associated with distress.ConclusionThe breast cancer population demonstrates heavy physical symptom burden with multiple physical problems that are related to overall functioning. Special attention should be given to the physical symptom burden of younger, nonwhite, unmarried, and unemployed patients. Future research should investigate the PPL of the distress thermometer and problem list with other measures of symptom burden.
Effect of Ammonium Perchlorate and Aluminum Composition Density on Characteristics of Laser Ignition
Authors: Medvedev Valerii , Tsipilev Vladimir , Forat Egor 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLaser ignition of stoichiometric mixture based on aluminum nanopowder and ammonium perchlorate were studied experimentally. The laser with a radiation wavelength of 1.06 μm and a pulse duration of 0.8 ms was used as a source of heat. The ignition thresholds were determined for open samples in the air and for samples confined with transparent dielectric. The difference in the obtained data is discussed within the thermal ignition theory.
Parainfluenza virus 5–vectored vaccines against human and animal infectious diseases
Authors: Chen Zhenhai 
Published: January 2018

SummaryParainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative‐sense, nonsegmented, single‐stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. Parainfluenza virus 5 is an excellent viral vector and has been used as a live vaccine for kennel cough for many years in dogs without any safety concern. It can grow to high titers in many cell types, and its genome is stable even in the presence of foreign gene insertions. So far, PIV5 has been used to develop vaccines against influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rabies virus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, demonstrating its ability to elicit robust and protective immune responses in preclinical animal models. Parainfluenza virus 5–based vaccines can be administered intranasally, intramuscularly, or orally. Interestingly, prior exposure of PIV5 does not prevent a PIV5‐vectored vaccine from generating robust immunity, indicating that the vector can be used more than once. Here, these encouraging results are reviewed together along with discussion of the desirable advantages of the PIV5 vaccine vector to aid future vaccine design and to accelerate progression of PIV5‐based vaccines into clinical trials.
Advanced Inorganic Nanosystems for Skin Drug Delivery
Authors: Carazo E. , Borrego‐Sánchez A. , García‐Villén F. , Sánchez‐Espejo R. , Cerezo P. , Aguzzi C. , Viseras C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOn/into/through the skin drug delivery represents an attractive alternative for the oral route, providing local and/or systemic drug delivery. Due to its complex and well‐organised structure, most of the drugs show difficulties to penetrate the human skin. Therefore, enormous efforts have been invested to develop intelligent drug delivery systems overcoming the skin barrier with particular emphasis on increasing therapeutic activity and minimizing undesirable side‐effects. Most of these strategies require the use of singular materials with new properties. In particular, and on the basis of their inherent properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability and relative low‐cost, inorganic nanoparticles are ideal candidates for the development of skin drug delivery systems. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the trends towards skin drug delivery with a particular focus in the attractive alternative offered by inorganic‐based nanosystems.
Consumption of antibacterial molecules in broiler production in Morocco
Authors: Rahmatallah Naoufal , El Rhaffouli Hicham , Lahlou Amine Idriss , Sekhsokh Yassine , Fassi Fihri Ouafaa , El Houadfi Mohammed 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMonitoring the use of antibacterial agents in food‐producing animals is crucial in order to reduce antimicrobial resistance, selection and dissemination of resistant bacterial strains, and drug residues in the animal food products. The broiler production sector is considered a great consumer of antibacterials and incriminated in the rise of antimicrobial resistance level in zoonotic bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter. Following recommendations from the OIE and WHO, a survey was conducted about the use and consumption of several antibacterial agents in Moroccan broiler flocks. More than 5 million broilers were randomly surveyed at the prescriber level, that is, via the veterinary clinics involved in their health management. The results showed that 93% of the flocks received at least one antibacterial treatment of minimum 3 days duration. Enrofloxacin, colistin and trimethoprim/sulphonamides were the most used antibacterials followed by oxytetracycline, florfenicol and amoxicillin. Oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin and colistin were overdosed in most of the administration, while amoxicillin and the combination of trimethoprim/sulphonamides were under‐dosed. The total amount of antibacterial consumed in the survey was 63.48 mg/kg and the Animal Level of Exposure to Antimicrobials (ALEA) was 94.45%. The reasons for this frequent use were related mainly to the poor quality of broiler production management. Chicks and animal feed provided to producers were of variable quality. Management of rearing stock density was often poor and biosecurity inadequate, and broilers were challenged by a high prevalence of infectious diseases.
River otter distribution in Nebraska
Authors: Bieber Nathan R. , Wilson Samuel P. , Allen Craig R. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe river otter (Lontra canadensis) was extirpated from Nebraska, USA, in the early 1900s and reintroduced starting in 1986. Information is needed regarding the distribution of river otters in Nebraska before decisions can be made regarding its conservation status. Understanding distribution of a species is critically important for effective management. We investigated river otter distribution in Nebraska with occupancy modeling and maximum entropy (Maxent) modeling using 190 otter sign observations on Nebraska's navigable rivers and 380 historical otter records from November 1977 to April 2014. Both methods identified the Platte River, Elkhorn River, central and eastern Niobrara River, and southern Loup River system as core areas within the distribution of otters in Nebraska. The Maxent model provided more liberal estimates of site occupancy and identified some smaller rivers as being within the distribution of otters in Nebraska, which were not identified using occupancy modeling. We recommend that multiple data sets and analysis methods be used to estimate species distribution because this allows for the broadest geographical coverage and decreases the likelihood of overlooking areas with fewer animal records. If further reintroduction efforts or translocation efforts are to take place in the future, we recommend focusing on areas with high modeled occupancy but few historical and survey records. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Meta‐analysis on Materials and Techniques for Laparotomy Closure: The MATCH Review
Authors: Henriksen N. A. , Deerenberg E. B. , Venclauskas L. , Fortelny R. H. , Miserez M. , Muysoms F. E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate closure materials and suture techniques for emergency and elective laparotomies. The primary outcome was incisional hernia after 12 months, and the secondary outcomes were burst abdomen and surgical site infection.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted until September 2017. The quality of the RCTs was evaluated by at least 3 assessors using critical appraisal checklists. Meta‐analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 23 RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis. There was no evidence from RCTs using the same suture technique in both study arms that any suture material (fast‐absorbable/slowly absorbable/non‐absorbable) is superior in reducing incisional hernias. There is no evidence that continuous suturing is superior in reducing incisional hernias compared to interrupted suturing. When using a slowly absorbable suture for continuous suturing in elective midline closure, the small bites technique results in significantly less incisional hernias than a large bites technique (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.19, 0.86).ConclusionsThere is no high‐quality evidence available concerning the best suture material or technique to reduce incisional hernia rate when closing a laparotomy. When using a slowly absorbable suture and a continuous suturing technique with small tissue bites, the incisional hernia rate is significantly reduced compared with a large bites technique.
A model of religious involvement, family processes, self‐control, and juvenile delinquency in two‐parent families
Authors: Guo Siying 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTFamily processes, adolescent religious involvement, and self‐control may serve as important mechanisms that mediate the relationship between parental religious involvement and delinquency. However, at present no study has systematically investigated the relationships among these factors and how these mediating mechanisms work. To address this gap, path analyses are conducted to test the hypothesized pathways whereby parental religious involvement operates to discourage delinquent behaviors of offspring. The study variables are taken from three waves of the study of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and its descendent NLSY79 Child and Young Adults at two year intervals (2000, 2002, and 2004). 1020 American adolescents who are 10–14 years old in 2002 are selected for final analyses. The findings suggest that parental religious involvement does not affect adolescent delinquency four years later directly, but indirectly through its influence on adolescent religious involvement, parenting practices, inter‐parental conflict, and their interactions with adolescent self‐control.
Problem-solving therapy for adult depression: An updated meta-analysis
Authors: Cuijpers Pim , de Wit Leonore , Kleiboer Annet , Karyotaki Eirini , Ebert David D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundProblem-solving therapy (PST) is one of the best examined types of psychotherapy for adult depression. No recent meta-analysis has examined the effects of PST compared to control groups or to other treatments. We wanted to verify whether PST is effective, whether effects are comparable to those of other treatments, and whether we could identify the possible sources of high heterogeneity that was found in earlier meta-analyses.MethodsWe conducted systematic searches in bibliographical databases, including PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase and the Cochrane database of randomized trials.ResultsWe included 30 randomized controlled trials on PST (with 3530 patients), in which PST was compared to control conditions, with other therapies, and with pharmacotherapy. We could compare these 30 trials on PST also with 259 trials on other psychotherapies for adult depression. The effect size of PST versus control groups was g = 0.79 (0.57–1.01) with very high heterogeneity (I2 = 84; 95% CI: 77–88). The effect size from the 9 studies with low risk of bias was g = 0.34 (95% CI: 0.22–0.46) with low heterogeneity (I2 = 32; 95% CI: 0–68), which is comparable to the effects of other psychotherapies. PST was a little more effective than other therapies in direct comparisons, but that may be explained by the considerable number of studies with researcher allegiance towards PST. In meta-regression analyses of all controlled studies, no significant difference between PST and other therapies was found.ConclusionPST is probably an effective treatment for depression, with effect sizes that are small, but comparable to those found for other psychological treatments of depression.
Contaminação do trajeto de biópsia em sarcomas primários ósseos
Authors: Garcia Jairo , Marques Dayane , Viola Dan , Petrilli Marcelo , Alves Maria , Jesus-Garcia Filho Reynaldo 
Published: January 2018

ResumoDeterminar a incidência da contaminação do trajeto de biópsia nos pacientes com sarcomas primários ósseos, bem como as características clínicas que influenciaram neste desfecho.Foram avaliados retrospectivamente os laudos anatomopatológicos de pacientes tratados pelo Serviço de Oncologia Ortopédica do Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia dessa instituição.Dentre os 148 pacientes incluídos no presente estudo, apenas um apresentou contaminação por células neoplásicas em seu trajeto de biópsia.O procedimento de biópsia óssea em pacientes com sarcomas primários ósseos apresenta grande segurança no quesito contaminação quando feito em centros especializados no tratamento dessas patologias.
Contaminação de enxertos de tendões flexores na reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior: comparação de duas técnicas de retirada
Authors: Temponi Eduardo , Marques da Costa Luís , Soares Luiz , Carvalho Júnior Lúcio 
Published: January 2018

ResumoAvaliar a taxa de contaminação de autoenxerto de tendões flexores comparando duas técnicas e verificar se a contaminação intraoperatória está associada ao desenvolvimento de infecção clínica em pacientes submetidos a reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior.Foram feitas 110 reconstruções do ligamento cruzado anterior com tendão dos flexores e divididas em dois grupos: 1) técnica com retirada total dos tendões flexores e 2) técnica que manteve a inserção tibial desses tendões. Durante o preparo, dois fragmentos de cada um desses foram enviados para cultura, sendo mensurado o tempo de retirada dos tendões, do preparo dos tendões e total da cirurgia. Com 24 horas de pós-operatório, foi dosada a proteína C reativa. Seguimento clínico ambulatorial foi realizado de forma protocolada até 180 dias de pós-operatório.Apesar de terem sido observadas duas infecções pós-operatórias, não houve contaminação dos enxertos nem diferença entre os grupos em relação ao tempo de preparo dos enxertos e a proteína C reativa com 24 horas de pós-operatório. A técnica clássica apresentou maior tempo de retirada do enxerto (p = 0,038) e não houve diferença estatística entre os dois grupos no que tange ao grau de contaminação e consequente infecção clínica, embora dois pacientes do grupo 2 tenham tido infecção com culturas perioperatórias negativas.Com base nos resultados obtidos, não houve associação entre contaminação do enxerto com o tempo ou a técnica de sua preparação, tampouco entre a contaminação intraoperatória e o desenvolvimento de infecção clínica ou entre alteração precoce da proteína C reativa e o surgimento de infecção.
Fetal DHA inadequacy and the impact on child neurodevelopment: a follow-up of a randomised trial of maternal DHA supplementation in pregnancy
Authors: Mulder Kelly A. , Elango Rajavel , Innis Sheila M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDHA is an important component of neural lipids accumulating in neural tissue during development. Inadequate DHA in gestation may compromise infant development, but it is unknown whether there are lasting effects. We sought to determine whether the observed effects of fetal DHA inadequacy on infant development persist into early childhood. This follow-up study assessed children (5–6 years) whose mothers received 400 mg/d DHA or a placebo during pregnancy. Child neurodevelopment was assessed with several age-appropriate tests including the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children. A risk-reduction model was used whereby the odds that a child from the maternal placebo group would fail to achieve a test score in the top quartile was calculated. The association of maternal DHA intake and status in gestation with child test scores, as well as with child DHA intake and status, was also determined. No differences were detected in children (n 98) from the maternal placebo and DHA groups achieving a high neurodevelopment test score (P>0·05). However, maternal DHA status was positively related to child performance on some tests including language and short-term memory. Furthermore, child DHA intake and status were related to the mother’s intake and status in gestation. The neurodevelopment effects of fetal DHA inadequacy may have been lost or masked by other variables in the children. Although we provide evidence that maternal DHA status is related to child cognitive performance, the association of maternal and child DHA intake and status limits the interpretation of whether DHA before or after birth is important.