bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength Lab AI: a mixture-of-experts deep learning approach for limit state analysis and design of monolithic and laminate structures made of glass
Authors: Kraus Michael A. , Bischof Rafael , Riedel Henrik , Schmeiser Leon , Pauli Alexander , Stelzer Ingo , Drass Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe demand for transparent building envelopes, particularly glass facades, is rising in modern architecture. These facades are expected to meet multiple objectives, including aesthetic appeal, durability, quick installation, transparency, and both economic and ecological efficiency. At the heart of facade design, particularly for structural glass elements, lies the assurance of structural integrity for ultimate and serviceability limit states with a requisite level of reliability. However, current structural engineering assessments for glass and glass laminate designs, especially in the geometrically non-linear setting, are time-consuming and require significant expertise. This study develops a customized Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) neural network architecture to overcome current limitations. It calibrates it on synthetically generated stress and deformation data obtained via parametrized Finite-Element-Analysis (FEA) of glass and glass laminate structures under both geometrically linear and nonlinear conditions for several joint support and loading conditions. Our findings reveal that the MoE model outperforms baseline models in predicting laminate deflections and stresses, offering a substantial increase in computational efficiency, compared to traditional linear and non-linear FEA, at high accuracy. The MoE is integrated within a novel web-based glass design and verification tool called Strength Lab AI and provided to the engineering public for future use. These results have profound implications for advancing engineering practice, offering a robust tool for the intricate structural design and analysis of glass and glass laminate structures.
Stainless and low-alloy steels additively manufactured by micro gas metal arc-based directed energy deposition: microstructure and mechanical behavior
Authors: Dornelas Paulo Henrique Grossi , Farias Francisco Werley Cipriano , da Silva Tadeu C. , da Cruz Payão Filho João , Ramos A. S. , Oliveira J. P. , Santos Telmo G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRising demands for miniaturization in industries such as aerospace and electronics have motivated advancements in metal additive manufacturing (AM), resulting in downscaled strategies using direct-energy deposition (DED) processes, now termed micro-DED (µ-DED). Within this context, micro gas metal arc DED (μ-GMA) has demonstrated the ability to deposit layers approximately 1 mm wide with a build rate of 30 cm3/h, positioning this technology between GMA-based DED and other µ-DED processes in terms of regarding dimensional accuracy and build rate. Despite promising initial results, further evaluation of the process impact on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of various alloys is necessary due to the pioneering nature of μ-GMA. The present work focuses on the evaluation of the microstructure (via scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, thermodynamic simulations, and electron backscatter diffraction analyses) and mechanical behavior (using nanoindentation maps) of single-layer depositions of low alloy and stainless steels using μ-GMA. In addition, traditional GMA-based DED using larger diameter wires was employed to deposit comparably alloys for further discussion. μ-GMA successively deposited a low-alloy steel with a microstructure composed of ferrite and martensite–austenite constituents, achieving a nanohardness (NH) of 3.1 GPa and an elastic modulus (NE) of 196 GPa. In addition, μ-GMA additively manufactured stainless steel with a microstructure composed of a γ matrix and δ-ferrite, exhibiting an NH of 3.7 GPa and an NE of 188 GPa. These results for both deposited materials are comparable to those reported in the literature for regular GMA-based DED depositions, indicating that this new variant has promising potential as a printing technology for small and detailed parts.
Enhancing manufacturing and post-processing properties of WAAM ER110 HSLA steel: in situ hot forging + post-deposited heat treatment effects on surface quality and specific cutting energy
Authors: Fonseca Pedro P. , Duarte Valdemar R. , Farias Francisco Werley Cipriano , Cota Bruno Silva , Silva Tiago , Santos Telmo G. , Machado Carla M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis work focuses on the influence of post-deposited heat treatments (PDHT) on the properties and machinability of high-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA) samples, produced by WAAM and the forged (HF-WAAM) variant. An adequate combination of deposition parameters was established, and the manufactured specimens were 3D scanned to evaluate the surface quality. Effects of normalizing and quenching & tempering (Q&T) heat treatments on the microstructure were assessed through optical microscopy and SEM, and the influence on the material hardness and electrical conductivity was evaluated. Orthogonal cutting experiments were conducted to determine the specific cutting energy (SCE), a crucial indicator of the cutting performance and machinability characteristics of the work material. The results revealed a significant SCE decrease when cutting the WAAM and HF-WAAM samples subjected to PDHT, with 8% and 38% decreases for pot-normalization, and 22% and 27% reductions after Q&T, compared to the as-built condition. No significant differences were registered when machining between the WAAM and HF-WAAM variants. HF-WAAM samples after PDHT show superior hardness, without compromising the cutting energy consumption. However, the geometrical features, namely the significant increase of the surface waviness of the hot-forged parts (≈70%) must be considered, being a critical factor to avoid possible undesirable machining effects.
Towards a Generalized Bayesian Model of Reconstructive Memory
Authors: Xu Zihao , Hemmer Pernille , Zhang Qiong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrior knowledge has long been known to shape reconstruction from memory. An individual stimulus from a category is often remembered to be closer to the center of that category than its true location. This effect, together with more complex memory effects that involve prior knowledge at multiple levels of abstraction, has been successfully explained by the Category Adjustment Model (CAM; Huttenlocher et al. 2000) and its extensions. However, recent experimental results diverge from CAM’s predictions showing that reconstructive memory for atypical category examples is influenced by the category center less than that of typical category examples. To unify these findings, we propose a generalized Bayesian model of reconstructive memory, called the generalized CAM model (g-CAM). We demonstrate through simulations that g-CAM can account for previously known effects of reconstructive memory, while additionally capturing recent empirical findings involving atypical category examples.
Did the one-child policy accelerate gender equality in China? A cross-country difference-in-differences analysis
Authors: Fang Zhenhuan , Guo Guang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClassic feminist theories have long emphasized high fertility as the main cause of gender inequality and predict that a significant reduction in fertility would lead to reduced gender inequality. In this project, we investigate whether the one-child policy accelerated gender equality in China. We measure gender inequality by Gender Development Index (GDI), Gender Inequality Index (GII), maternal mortality ratio, and infant mortality rate at the national level from China and five populous middle-income countries in an analysis of difference in differences (DiD). A cross-country DiD sets up a framework in which China with the treatment of the one-child policy could be compared with the control countries without the treatment of the policy. Our analysis shows that China lowered GII by additional 20%, maternal mortality ratio by additional 10% and infant mortality rate by additional 6% relative to the five comparison countries during the period of the one-child policy.
Drugs with glutamate-based mechanisms of action in psychiatry
Authors: Chrobak Adrian Andrzej , Siwek Marcin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPsychopharmacotherapy of major psychiatric disorders is mostly based on drugs that modulate serotonergic, dopaminergic, or noradrenergic neurotransmission, either by inhibiting their reuptake or by acting as agonists or antagonists on specific monoamine receptors. The effectiveness of this approach is limited by a significant delay in the therapeutic mechanism and self-perpetuating growth of treatment resistance with a consecutive number of ineffective trials. A growing number of studies suggest that drugs targeting glutamate receptors offer an opportunity for rapid therapeutic effect that may overcome the limitations of monoaminergic drugs. In this article, we present a review of glutamate-modulating drugs, their mechanism of action, as well as preclinical and clinical studies of their efficacy in treating mental disorders. Observations of the rapid, robust, and long-lasting effects of ketamine and ketamine encourages further research on drugs targeting glutamatergic transmission. A growing number of studies support the use of memantine and minocycline in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Amantadine, zinc, and Crocus sativus extracts yield the potential to ameliorate depressive symptoms in patients with affective disorders. Drugs with mechanisms of action based on glutamate constitute a promising pharmacological group in the treatment of mental disorders that do not respond to standard methods of therapy. However, further research is needed on their efficacy, safety, dosage, interactions, and side effects, to determine their optimal clinical use.
Multi-view clustering analysis of mega-city regions based on intercity flow networks
Authors: Wu Zhiqiang , Zhao Gang , Xu Haowen , Qiao Renlu , Zhao Qian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith the booming of Big Data and the Internet of Things, various urban networks have been built based on intercity flow data, and how to combine them to learn a more comprehensive understanding of mega-city regions is becoming more and more indispensable. In this paper, we designed a graph-based multi-view clustering method based on graph learning to explore the mega-city region structures from multi-source data. An example of clustering analysis consists of the people flow network, cargo flow network, and information flow network, covering 88 cities from Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei Province, Shandong Province, Henan Province, Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province, Shanghai, and Zhejiang Province in China is used to illustrate the applicability of the idea in super mega-city region scale studies. Utilizing the proposed clustering method, a unified network representation is calculated, and 5 mega-city regions, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Cluster, Henan Cluster, Shandong Cluster, Shanghai-Jiangsu-Anhui Cluster, and Zhejiang Cluster, are detected based on intercity flow networks. City-to-city flows, including Luan-Taizhou, Lianyungang-Chuzhou, and Xuzhou-Bengbu of the people network, Shanghai-Hangzhou, Suzhou-Shanghai, and Shanghai-Ningbo of the cargo network, Shanghai-Hangzhou, Bozhou-Jinhua, and Huaibei-Bozhou of the information network, are suggested to be further enhanced to facilitate the ongoing nationwide constructions of urban agglomerations in China. The multi-view clustering method proved to be a helpful calculation framework for mega-city region analysis, which would also be considered as a substantial foundation for further urban explorations with more advanced graph learning techniques.
Mating disruption of the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on greenhouse tomatoes
Authors: Huang Junxia , Wu En , Yang Chunxi , Han Xiangyu , Zhang Jinghang , Cao Mengyu , Deng Fengzhi , Guo Qianshuang , Du Yongjun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMating disruption is an important component of the integrated management system for the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Meyrick). This study showed that the dosage in the tubing dispensers is closely related to their attractiveness. E3Z8Z11-14:Ac and the binary mixture of E3Z8Z11-14:Ac and E3Z8-14:Ac at a dosage of 80 mg and a placement density of 900 polyethylene (PE) tube dispensers/ha significantly reduced the numbers of T. absoluta adults, larvae and damaged tomato leaves. When the adult density was low in the greenhouse, the relationship between the placement density of dispensers (x) and the number of moths caught (y) was y=310.6-1.06x+0.0008x2, which is a typical competitive mating disruption. However, when the adult density was high, the regression equation was y=-1.112x+959.4. Both passive and active dispensers significantly reduced the damage rate and larval population, but the 900 tube dispensers/ha and active aerosol dispensers had the best control results. The effects of the competitive passive dispensers and the placement density of dispensers were influenced by the adult density. At high density, 900 tube dispensers/ha were required.
Numerical simulation of different aircraft sub-floor structures during ditching
Authors: Wang B. , Nie L. , Ren Y. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo enhance the impact resistance capacity and ensure the floatability of aircraft after ditching, the slamming response of three types of aircraft sub-floor structures are investigated including the flat, cylindrical and ellipsoidal under floor. A coupled Finite Element-Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic (FE-SPH) method is employed with focus on non-linear structural collapse in fluid-structure interaction. The material is defined by bilinear elastic plastic law, and the strain rate effect is taken into account. Further, comparison and analyses are performed in terms of acceleration, local pressure and strains at different speeds. Results show that conventional flat sub floor structures perform poorly during ditching due to excessive peak acceleration and pressure. By contrast, the peak acceleration of ellipsoidal under floor is lower at all measured speeds and the pressure on the sides is reduced. Moreover, the ellipsoidal sub-floor with bi-directional curvature generates smaller plastic strain and deflection of skin, demonstrating better mechanical properties in water impact scenarios.
A Tale of the Tails: The Value of a Statistical Life at the Tails of the Age Distribution
Authors: Kniesner Thomas J. , Viscusi W. Kip 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe considerable literature on the value of a statistical life (VSL) documents the wage-mortality risk trade-offs for the working population. Regulatory analyses often must monetize risks to populations at the tails of the age distribution. Because of the longer life expectancy for children, there have been proposals to add a premium to their VSL, which would generate an inconsistency with revealed preference estimates of the VSL trajectory over the life cycle. The shorter life expectancy among older people has led to various arbitrary senior discounts for seniors’ life expectancy. Application of the value of a statistical life year (VSLY) can address valuation of small changes in life expectancy. Examples of inappropriate age adjustments that we discuss include practices by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Predicting the non-thermal pressure in galaxy clusters
Authors: Sullivan Andrew , Shabala Stanislav , Power Chris , Bottrell Connor , Robotham Aaron 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We investigate the relationship between a galaxy cluster’s hydrostatic equilibrium state, the entropy profile, K, of the intracluster gas, and the system’s non-thermal pressure (NTP), within an analytic model of cluster structures. When NTP is neglected from the cluster’s hydrostatic state, we find that the gas’ logarithmic entropy slope,

$k\equiv \mathrm{d}\ln K/\mathrm{d}\ln r$

, converges at large halocentric radius, r, to a value that is systematically higher than the value

$k\simeq1.1$

that is found in observations and simulations. By applying a constraint on these ‘pristine equilibrium’ slopes,

$k_\mathrm{eq}$

, we are able to predict the required NTP that must be introduced into the hydrostatic state of the cluster. We solve for the fraction,

$\mathcal{F}\equiv p_\mathrm{nt}/p$

, of NTP,

$p_\mathrm{nt}$

, to total pressure, p, of the cluster, and we find

$\mathcal{F}(r)$

to be an increasing function of halocentric radius, r, that can be parameterised by its value in the cluster’s core,

$\mathcal{F}_0$

, with this prediction able to be fit to the functional form proposed in numerical simulations. The minimum NTP fraction, as the solution with zero NTP in the core,

$\mathcal{F}_0=0$

, we find to be in excellent agreement with the mean NTP predicted in non-radiative simulations, beyond halocentric radii of

$r\gtrsim0.7r_{500}$

, and in tension with observational constraints derived at similar radii. For this minimum NTP profile, we predict

$\mathcal{F}\simeq0.20$

at

$r_{500}$

, and

$\mathcal{F}\simeq0.34$

at

$2r_{500}$

; this amount of NTP leads to a hydrostatic bias of

$b\simeq0.12$

in the cluster mass

$M_{500}$

when measured within

$r_{500}$

. Our results suggest that the NTP of galaxy clusters contributes a significant amount to their hydrostatic state near the virial radius and must be accounted for when estimating the cluster’s halo mass using hydrostatic equilibrium approaches.
Transdisciplinary Research Supports the Sustainability of Barrier Island Systems Threatened by Climate Change
Authors: Barnard Patrick L. , Passeri Davina L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe management of developed barrier islands is often piece‐meal and reactionary despite the complex, dynamic nature of these systems, and sustainable practices will become increasingly difficult due to heightened pressures of climate change. Adaptation actions, including nature‐based solutions, need to be thoroughly evaluated prior to implementation to understand system‐wide impacts and avoid maladaptation. Anarde et al. (2024a), (https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ef003672), Anarde et al. (2024b), (https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ef004200) is the latest important contribution in a growing body of transdisciplinary research that more robustly evaluates the complex physical process‐and‐response relationship of barrier systems via sophisticated numerical modeling approaches that also interface with socioeconomic models to inform coastal management actions in response to mitigating coastal risk. This new research indicates the importance of coordinated system‐scale barrier island management, as strategies to reduce coastal hazard risk in one location will directly affect adjacent communities. Further, this work demonstrates that reducing barrier management interventions may actually promote barrier recovery and sustainability in the face of sea level rise. In addition, recent advances in the analysis and application of remotely sensed data from satellites and oblique aerial photography provide scientists an unprecedented opportunity to track coastal evolution over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales at minimal cost. As sea level rise and changing storm patterns challenge the sustainable management of barrier island systems, integrating these advanced, transdisciplinary tools will enable scientists and coastal practitioners to more thoroughly evaluate coastal adaptation options, efficiently invest limited resources to mitigate coastal hazard risk for communities, support healthy ecosystems, and reduce system‐wide impacts.
Toward Comprehensive Understanding of Air‐Sea Interactions Under Tropical Cyclones: On the Importance of High Resolution and Multi‐Modal Observations
Authors: Combot Clément , Mouche Alexis , de Boyer Montegut Clément , Chapron Bertrand 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe three‐dimensional structure of the Tropical Cyclone's baroclinic wake is synthesized as an averaged baroclinic‐dominant response of the upper ocean. The resulting persisting sea surface depression can easily be monitored using the present‐day altimeter constellation. Following a semi‐empirical framework, these baroclinic wake signatures are linked to the inner core TC dynamic and the ocean stratification. To collect these fine‐scale parameters, spaceborne SAR instruments and Argo fleet are used, to precisely capture the maximum wind region and the irregularities of the ocean vertical structure. This combination of high‐resolution information is found paramount to fully capture the modulation of sea surface height anomalies, and its mean trend, especially for major hurricanes. Baroclinic signatures mostly range around 10–20 cm and peak at 40 cm. Deeper anomalies correspond to barotropic response, removed from the present analysis.
An Observed Relationship Between Satellite‐Estimated Transmittance and Ground‐Estimated Water Vapor: Implications for High‐Temporal‐Resolution Water Vapor Retrieval From Non‐Geostationary Satellite Measurements
Authors: Xu Jiafei , Liu Zhizhao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe magnitude of integrated water vapor (IWV) varies considerably in the spatial‐temporal domain, which demonstrates the significance of high‐spatiotemporal‐resolution IWV observations for atmospheric water vapor distribution monitoring, both locally and globally. Unlike previously published algorithms based on data fusion, an empirical retrieval algorithm is for the first time proposed to directly retrieve high‐temporal‐resolution IWV estimates from near‐infrared radiance observations of the non‐geostationary Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI). The retrieval algorithm is developed based on an observed regression relationship between satellite‐based OLCI‐estimated transmittance and ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)‐estimated IWV in the temporal domain. The results show that all newly retrieved IWV estimates have an overall good consistency with ground‐based IWV from additional GNSS‐sensed measurements, indicating the feasibility of the retrieval approach. The performance of the retrieval algorithm is acceptable and satisfactory when compared with that of IWV retrievals listed in previous studies.