bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processes controlling extratropical near‐tropopause humidity and temperature in the ECMWF global weather forecast model
Authors: Bland Jake , Forbes Richard , Gray Suzanne L. , Methven John 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccurate representation of near‐tropopause fields is important for the forecast skill of numerical weather prediction models, yet there remain significant systematic forecast errors in the region of the tropopause. Although extratropical near‐tropopause humidity, temperature, and wind model biases have been documented from several models, more knowledge of their causes is required as a step towards reducing these biases. Typically, a moist bias is present in the lowermost stratosphere in the analyses used to initialise forecasts, which leads to a growing cold bias in the lowermost stratosphere over the course of the forecasts due to long‐wave radiative cooling. Experiments are conducted with the European Centre of Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts global forecast system where the humidity in a layer 0–4 km above the tropopause in the extratropics is reduced to correct the moist bias in the initial conditions. In these experiments, the lowermost stratosphere cold bias growth is halved compared with the control and gradually remoistens, returning to typical analysis values with a half‐life of around 8–9 days. The reduction in cooling in the lowermost stratosphere is due to a reduction in long‐wave radiative emission from the water vapour above the tropopause. The main contributors to the remoistening are resolved advective transport and parametrised turbulent mixing in the model, the cloud microphysical process rates being similar in the modified and control experiments. The biases in near‐tropopause moisture transport are almost independent of horizontal resolution. These results show that the temperature bias in the extratropical lower stratosphere can be reduced by correcting the collocated moist bias, but the moist bias cannot be fixed by solely correcting the initial conditions and further model improvements are also required to reduce cross‐tropopause moisture transport.
The impact of training provisions on novice English language teachers in Hong Kong: A systematic review
Authors: Ou Jiaen , Mendoza Anna , Li Yongyan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe early years of learning and the transition period are important for novice teachers. This systematic review investigated the influence that training provisions for novice primary and secondary English language teachers in Hong Kong have had on their initial workplace experience. From a large body of literature dated between 1980 and 2023, a final set of 20 articles that met our inclusion criteria was analysed using Kumaravadivelu's (2012) model of second language teacher education (consisting of the five modules of Knowing, Analysing, Recognising, Doing and Seeing). The findings were condensed into three thematic strands: (i) teacher authority: novice teachers can feel lost among different authorities (including ideological conflicts between university and school authorities) and their desire to establish their own teacher authority, but must eventually learn to think from the students' perspective to improve teaching, (ii) teacher socialisation: whether obtaining sufficient colleague and mentor support or not would lead to their diverse experiences, and (iii) two weaknesses in teacher preparation that require attention across both university preparation and in‐school training: the novice teachers were under‐prepared in procedural knowledge and in learning to theorize. These findings provide internationally relevant theoretical contributions that can advance the understanding of both novice teacher development and primary and secondary English language teacher training. From a practical perspective, the findings point to areas that need attention in novice language teachers' transition to the workplace and this may be relatable to international audiences.
Context and implicationsRationale for this studyThis systematic review aims to reveal how the training provisions in Hong Kong have influenced early‐year primary and secondary school English language teachers' initial workplace experience.Why the new findings matterOur findings will reveal what impact training provisions for novice English language teachers may have on their initial workplace experience and what gaps may exist in such provisions.Implications for researchers, practitioners and teacher educatorsThe findings in this study can be applied to many other contexts like Hong Kong where English is used as one of the official languages or as a second language. Our recommendations can inform English language teacher education, by highlighting: (a) how novice teachers can feel lost between two different authorities: the school and the university; (b) how novice teachers can undergo a range of positive and negative experiences in their socialisation process; (c) how novice teachers struggle to develop their procedural knowledge; and (d) that novice teachers may not have received enough support in theory‐building.
Photodynamic therapy‐induced precise attenuation of light‐targeted semicircular canals for treating intractable vertigo
Authors: Yang Yingkun , Zhao Tong , Mi Feixue , Li Hongzhe , Huang Pingbo , Chen Fangyi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVertigo is a common symptom of various diseases that affects a large number of people worldwide. Current leading treatments for intractable peripheral vertigo are to intratympanically inject ototoxic drugs such as gentamicin to attenuate the semicircular canal function but inevitably cause hearing injury. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive therapeutic approach by precisely targeting the diseased tissue. Here, we developed a PDT‐based method for treating intractable peripheral vertigo in a mouse model using a polymer‐coated photosensitizer chlorin e6 excited by red light. We found that a high dose of PDT attenuated the function of both semicircular canals and otolith organs and damaged their hair cells. Conversely, the PDT exerted no effect on hearing function or cochlear hair‐cell viability. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of PDT for treating intractable peripheral vertigo without hurting hearing. Besides, the attenuation level and affected area can be precisely controlled by adjusting the light exposure time. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential of this therapeutic approach to be minimally invasive with light irradiation through bone results. Thus, our PDT‐based approach for attenuating the function of the semicircular canals offers a basis for developing a less‐invasive and targeted therapeutic option for treating vertigo.
Use of nanocelluloses from orange peel and ZnO as hybrid nanofiller in developing functionalized starch nanocomposite for edible coatings
Authors: Revathi Valureddi , Afzia Nurin , Ghosh Tabli 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study explores the formulations of orange peel nanocelluloses (NC) with tailored dimensions for the development of functionalized nanocomposites coatings on green chilies. In the present century, the valorization of agro‐waste, specifically orange peel for developing NC facilitated sustainable packaging such as edible films and coatings with improved properties has received importance. As, this approach aligns with the sustainable development goals, including reduced food waste and agro waste. For the work, the derived orange peel celluloses were acid hydrolyzed using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) to deliver cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and cellulose nanoparticles (CNP), respectively. The fabricated CNP and CNF were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FESEM morphology showed the formation of CNP with diameter ranges from 42.4 to 108 nm and formation of CNF with diameter ranged from 27.4 to 50.5 nm. The creation of the functionalized nanocomposite was done by reinforcing with hybrid nanofillers consisting CNF, CNP consecutively with ZnO in corn starch for tailormade packaging properties in terms of mechanical, physicochemical, optical, thermal properties, and so on. The results reveal improved tensile strength, and reduced water vapor transmission rates of nanocomposite with the addition of hybrid nanofillers. Additionally, green chilies were coated with the functionalized nanocomposites prepared by different concentrations of nanofillers. The storage analysis was performed in terms of weight loss, total chlorophyll content, and microbiological analysis. The developed coatings were found to be effective in extending the shelf life of green chilies. The control samples showed significantly higher weight loss compared to coated ones. The coated samples showed significantly better firmness and total chlorophyll content after 20 days of storage. In comparison to other coatings, NC and ZnO incorporated starch‐based coating was found to be the most effective in maintaining the quality of fresh green chilies throughout the storage. Thus, incorporating NC and ZnO in starch‐based films and coatings presents a promising avenue for sustainable packaging and preservation.Highlights
Agro‐waste orange peel was valorized to develop sustainable food packaging.
Orange peel‐based nanocellulose was developed using H2SO4 and HCl.
Nanocomposite film was developed using hybrid nanofillers.
Nanocomposites provide tailored properties due to the nanofillers.
Developed nanocomposite was used as edible coatings on green chilies.
Estimation of prevalence of CIAF‐based undernutrition among under‐six children of India: A systematic and meta analytical review
Authors: Tandan Dhansay , Yadav Sarvendra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUndernutrition is a silent emergency resulting from a combination of various social, economic, educational, demographic, and morbidity factors. This systematic and meta‐analytical review assessed the pooled prevalence of Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF)–based undernutrition among under‐six years children in India. Articles were searched using Publish and Perish software and through reference exploration. The random effect model with the inverse method estimated the pooled prevalence (at 95% confidence interval, CI). Heterogeneity was tested through the I2 value and Q chi‐square. Subgroup analysis considered the National Food Security Act (NFSA), zonal distribution of studies, study location, and sample size. The pooled prevalence of CIAF‐based undernutrition among Indian under‐six children was 58% (95% CI: 0.54–0.62). After the implementation of the NFSA, the prevalence significantly dropped from 63% (95% CI: 0.58–0.67) to 56% (95% CI: 0.51–0.61). Undernutrition was higher in central and southern India (64%) but showed no significant difference between urban (58%) and rural (57%) areas (χ2 = 0.10; p = .76). The high I2 value (75%) indicated significant variation. Undernutrition remains a critical public health issue in India, particularly in central and southern regions. Enhanced screening, implementation, and monitoring of interventions are recommended.
Preoperative identification of early extrahepatic recurrence after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases: A machine learning approach
Authors: Kawashima Jun , Endo Yutaka , Woldesenbet Selamawit , Chatzipanagiotou Odysseas P. , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Catalano Giovanni , Khan Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi , Rashid Zayed , Khalil Mujtaba , Altaf Abdullah , Munir Muhammad Musaab , Guglielmi Alfredo , Ruzzenente Andrea , Aldrighetti Luca , Alexandrescu Sorin , Kitago Minoru , Poultsides George , Sasaki Kazunari , Aucejo Federico , Endo Itaru , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundMachine learning (ML) may provide novel insights into data patterns and improve model prediction accuracy. The current study sought to develop and validate an ML model to predict early extra‐hepatic recurrence (EEHR) among patients undergoing resection of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM).MethodsPatients with CRLM who underwent curative‐intent resection between 2000 and 2020 were identified from an international multi‐institutional database. An eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model was developed to estimate the risk of EEHR, defined as extrahepatic recurrence within 12 months after hepatectomy, using clinicopathological factors. The relative importance of factors was determined using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) values.ResultsAmong 1410 patients undergoing curative‐intent resection, 131 (9.3%) patients experienced EEHR. Median OS among patients with and without EEHR was 35.4 months (interquartile range [IQR] 29.9–46.7) versus 120.5 months (IQR 97.2–134.0), respectively (p < 0.001). The ML predictive model had c‐index values of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.72–0.81) and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.73–0.80) in the entire dataset and the validation data set with bootstrapping resamples, respectively. The SHAP algorithm demonstrated that T and N primary tumor categories, as well as tumor burden score were the three most important predictors of EEHR. An easy‐to‐use risk calculator for EEHR was developed and made available online at: https://junkawashima.shinyapps.io/EEHR/.ConclusionsAn easy‐to‐use online calculator was developed using ML to help clinicians predict the chance of EEHR after curative‐intent resection for CRLM. This tool may help clinicians in decision‐making related to treatment strategies for patients with CRLM.
Irrigation with fibrinolytic agents versus saline for percutaneous drainage of abdominal abscesses: A meta‐analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Graziani e Sousa Augusto , Godoi Amanda , Florêncio de Mesquita Cynthia , Prajiante Bertolino Enrico , Canizares Quisiguina Stalin Isaias , Mazzola Poli de Figueiredo Sergio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionFibrinolytic agents (FA) activate the fibrinolytic system, converting plasminogen into plasmin to break down fibrin. Their use for irrigation of abdominal abscesses is debated, and this meta‐analysis evaluates their efficacy.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing FA and saline in percutaneous drainage of abdominal abscesses. Outcomes included length of hospitalization, duration of drainage, and drainage volume. We pooled mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random‐effects model. We also performed a trial sequential analysis (TSA).ResultsWe included six RCTs encompassing 299 patients. In the overall analysis, FA increased drainage volume (MD 104.25 mL; 95% CI 35.72–172.77 mL; p = 0.003; I2 = 0%). In children, saline reduced hospitalization duration (MD −1.26 days; 95% CI −1.98 to −0.55 days; p = 0.0006; I2 = 0%), whereas FA increased drainage volume (MD 84.66 mL; 95% CI 5.77–153.54 mL; p = 0.04; I2 = 0%). In adults, FA significantly reduced hospitalization duration (MD −11.12 days; 95% CI −15.16 to −7.08 days; p < 0.00001; I2 = 0%) and duration of drainage (MD −6.53 days; 95% CI −9.25 to −3.81 days; p < 0.00001; I2 = 0%) while increasing drainage volume (MD 164.47 mL; 95% CI 26.16–302.78 mL; p = 0.02; I2 = 0%). On TSA, the required information size was achieved only for the adult subgroup's hospitalization and drainage duration.ConclusionIn adults, FA reduce hospitalization and drainage duration and increase drainage volume. In children, saline seems more effective in reducing hospitalization duration, while FA increase drainage volume. These findings underscore the need for age‐specific treatments and further research, especially in the pediatric population.
Determination of the heat source field associated to self‐heating phenomenon under cyclic loading at 20 kHz
Authors: Sévédé T. , Demmouche Y. , Arbab Chirani S. , Doudard C. , Calloch S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present paper deals with self‐heating phenomenon under cyclic loading at high loading frequency 20 kHz and low stress amplitude (i.e., far below the yield stress). The main goal is to propose two different methods to determine the heat source field at the origin of this temperature change. To do that the local expression of the 1D heat diffusion equation and experimental thermal data fields obtained by an infrared camera are used. The proposed methodology is applied to experimental results from tests performed on a ML340 maraging steel.
Numerical and experimental frequency analysis of damaged fiber‐reinforced metal laminated composite
Authors: Thomas Libin Chakkata , Akkasali Naveen Kumar , Patle Bhumesh Kumar , Mehar Kulmani , Kumar Vikash , Panda Subrata Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research numerically evaluated the eigenvalue responses of the damaged fiber metal laminate (FML) structure. The current numerical model is delved into including crack‐type damage effect on the structural integrity/ stiffness via frequency response. In this regard, a complete mathematical model of FML has been derived through higher‐order shear deformation kinematics for computational purposes. The mathematical model is converted to computer code in the MATLAB platform to predict the eigenvalue responses of FML components with and without damage. The damage influences are considered via circular meshing of finite element steps associated with the isoparametric element (nine nodes and nine degrees of freedom for each node). The solution consistency is checked via convergence, and the results are compared with data available in the open domain. Further, an experimental test is carried out to improve confidence using an in‐house test rig. The experiment was conducted by varying the length of the FML in 0.1 m increments. The results showed good agreement between the numerical and experimental data, with the lowest deviation being 0.29% and the highest 8.97%. The developed numerical model is extended to analyze the influences of design parameters such as geometry shape, aspect ratio (a/b), thickness ratio (a/h) ratio, curvature ratio, and fiber layup sequence on the natural frequency response.
Mapping the Diversity of Urban Diversities
Authors: Pisarevskaya Asya , Scholten Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhat variation can be identified in urban diversities? In this chapter we provide an empirical mapping of diversity characteristics in cities as outlined in Chap. 2: diversity of origins and residential segregation between people with and without a (first generation) migration background. Can we identify cities that have distinct combinations of the two main dimensions? Inductive analysis in this chapter will provide a second step towards developing a typology of cities of migration. At the end of this chapter, we will identify clusters of cities and select typical cities to be examined more in-depth in subsequent chapters.
Cities Cluster I: High Diversity and Low Segregation
Authors: Pisarevskaya Asya , Scholten Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe cluster of diversity configurations is perhaps most often referred to in the literature as characteristic for multicultural cities or superdiverse cities. This configuration involves relatively high levels of diversity, in terms of relative share of migrants, as well as relatively low levels of segregation. As median representatives of this cluster, we have selected Konstanz (GER), Paris (FRA), Parma (ITA) and Hilversum (NL). Interestingly, this diversity configuration is not manifested only in large cities. Our analysis puts Hilversum (NL) and Konstanz (GER) with less than 100.000 inhabitants in the same category as Paris.
Cities Cluster III: Low Diversity and High Segregation
Authors: Pisarevskaya Asya , Scholten Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe third cluster of cities of migration involves cities with relatively low diversity but relatively high levels of segregation. So, cities that are segregated but not so diverse. Also for this cluster we selected, based on the quantitative analysis from Chap. 3, four cities that are median to this category: Plauen (GER), Cosenza (ITA), Leeuwarden (NL) and Vannes (FRA).
Cities Cluster IV: Low Diversity and Low Segregation
Authors: Pisarevskaya Asya , Scholten Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe final cluster of cities that we will examine is that of cities with relatively low levels of diversity and low levels of segregation. For this cluster too we have selected four cities, one from each of the four countries for which comparable data was available; Dessau-Roßlau (GER), Rouen (FRA), Doetinchem (NL) and Viareggio (ITA) (Table 7.1).
Thermal pion condensation: holography meets lattice QCD
Authors: Kovensky Nicolas , Schmitt Andreas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The holographic Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model is often employed to describe strongly-coupled baryonic and isospin-asymmetric matter, for example in the context of neutron stars. Here we consider the case of vanishing baryon chemical potential, where detailed comparisons to data from lattice QCD are possible. To this end, we extend previous works by including a realistic pion mass and pion condensation into the decompactified limit of the model and evaluate the system for arbitrary isospin chemical potentials and temperatures. After suitably fixing the 3 parameters of the model, we find that the overall phase structure is in excellent agreement with lattice results. This also holds for observables at low temperatures in the strongly coupled regime, while we discover and discuss some discrepancies at large temperatures. Our findings give reassurance for the validity of previous and future applications of this model and highlight the aspects where improvements are needed.
Simultaneous analysis of several plasticizer classes in different matrices by on-line turbulent flow chromatography-LC–MS/MS
Authors: Fernández-Arribas Julio , Callejas-Martos Sandra , Balasch Aleix , Moreno Teresa , Eljarrat Ethel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe development of methodologies for the determination of plasticizers is essential for assessing the environmental and human impact resulting from the use of plastics. A fast analytical method with on-line purification based on turbulent flow chromatography (TFC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS–MS) has been developed for the analysis of ten phthalates, four alternative plasticizers (including adipates and citrates), and 20 organophosphate esters (OPEs). The method has been validated for the determination of plasticizers across different matrices. Analytical parameters showed acceptable recoveries ranging between 50 and 125%, RSDs lower than 20%, and mLODs of 0.001–2.08 ng g−1 wet weight (ww), 0.002–0.30 ng g−1, and 0.001–0.93 ng m−3 for foodstuffs, face masks, and ambient air, respectively. These methodologies were applied to foodstuff samples purchased in grocery stores, reusable and self-filtering masks, and indoor air measured in different locations. Plasticizers were detected in all the analyzed samples, with values up to 22.0 μg g−1 ww, 6.78 μg g−1, and 572 ng m−3 for foodstuffs, face masks, and indoor air, respectively. The contribution of each family to the total plasticizer content varied between 1.3 and 87%, 0.5 and 98%, and 0.5 and 65% for phthalates, alternative plasticizers, and OPEs, respectively. These findings highlighted the need for analytical methodologies capable of simultaneously assessing a wide number of plasticizers with minimal extraction steps. This capability is crucial in order to obtain more conclusive insights into the impact of these pollutants on both the environment and human health, arising from different sources of exposure such as foodstuffs, plastic materials, and atmospheric air.
Graphical Abstract