bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Reanalyzed Precipitation Variability and Trends Using the Gridded Gauge-Based Analysis over the CONUS
Authors: Cui Wenjun , Dong Xiquan , Xi Baike , Kennedy Aaron 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Atmospheric reanalyses have been used in many studies to investigate the variabilities and trends of precipitation because of their global coverage and long record; however, their results must be properly analyzed and their uncertainties must be understood. In this study, precipitation estimates from five global reanalyses [ERA-Interim; MERRA, version 2 (MERRA2); JRA-55; CFSR; and 20CR, version 2c (20CRv2c)] and one regional reanalysis (NARR) are compared against the CPC Unified Gauge-Based Analysis (CPCUGA) and GPCP over the contiguous United States (CONUS) during the period 1980–2013. Reanalyses capture the variability of the precipitation distribution over the CONUS as observed in CPCUGA and GPCP, but large regional and seasonal differences exist. Compared with CPCUGA, global reanalyses generally overestimate the precipitation over the western part of the country throughout the year and over the northeastern CONUS during the fall and winter seasons. These issues may be associated with the difficulties models have in accurately simulating precipitation over complex terrain and during snowfall events. Furthermore, systematic errors found in five global reanalyses suggest that their physical processes in modeling precipitation need to be improved. Even though negative biases exist in NARR, its spatial variability is similar to both CPCUGA and GPCP; this is anticipated because it assimilates observed precipitation, unlike the global reanalyses. Based on CPCUGA, there is an average decreasing trend of −1.38 mm yr−1 over the CONUS, which varies depending on the region with only the north-central to northeastern parts of the country having positive trends. Although all reanalyses exhibit similar interannual variation as observed in CPCUGA, their estimated precipitation trends, both linear and spatial trends, are distinct from CPCUGA.
Family inclusion in mental health services: Reality or rhetoric?
Authors: Martin Robyn M , Ridley Sophie C , Gillieatt Sue J 
Published: June 2017

Background: Contemporary mental health policies require family inclusion in the design, implementation and evaluation of services. Materials: This scoping review considers the factors in mental health practice which either mediate or promote family inclusion. A wide range of factors are reported to obstruct family inclusion, while a smaller number of studies report that meaningful family inclusion rests on a partnership approach which values the input of families and services users. Discussion: When it comes to family inclusion, there is a gap between policy and service delivery practice. Changes in service delivery attitudes, values and culture are necessary to meaningfully and systematically include families and service users.
Incidence of Secondary Surgery after Modified Furlow Palatoplasty: A 20‐Year Single‐Surgeon Case Series
Authors: Chorney Stephen R. , Commesso Emily , Tatum Sherard 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the occurrence of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) requiring surgery and fistula repair after primary palatoplasty using a “modified” Furlow technique.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingAcademic multidisciplinary cleft and craniofacial center.Subjects and MethodsChildren younger than 18 years at presentation, with unrepaired cleft palate, with or without cleft lip, including submucous clefts, who underwent palatoplasty were included. No cleft patients having primary repair were excluded. All operations were conducted by a single surgeon from March 1994 through December 2013. Charts were reviewed for demographics, cleft type, genetic syndrome, operations performed, and complications, including VPI and oronasal fistula.ResultsIn total, 312 consecutive patients underwent primary palatoplasty (160 [51.3%] male) with a median age of repair of 0.95 (range, 0.47‐17.6) years and followed for 6.49 (range, 4.0‐20.2) years. Robin sequence was diagnosed in 109 (34.9%), 104 (33.4%) had alveolar clefts, and 27 (8.7%) had concomitant gingivoperiosteoplasty. A modified Furlow was performed in 289 (92.6%). Overall, 16 (5.1%) required subsequent pharyngeal flap for VPI, and 48 (15.4%) required oronasal fistula repair. Veau class II had higher pharyngeal flap rates (P =. 033). Fistula repair was lower in Veau I (P <. 001) but higher in Veau II (P <. 001) and IV (P =. 002). Older age (P =. 034) and Robin sequence (P =. 017) were associated with higher rates of oronasal fistula repair.ConclusionsThe modified Furlow palatoplasty yields acceptable rates of secondary surgery for VPI without selection based on cleft width. While our oronasal fistula repair rate is high, it is concordant with previous reports and is likely related to our rare use of lateral relaxing incisions.
Usher’s Syndrome Type II: A Comparative Study of Genetic Mutations and Vestibular System Evaluation
Authors: Magliulo Giuseppe , Iannella Giannicola , Gagliardi Silvia , Iozzo Nicola , Plateroti Rocco , Mariottini Alessandro , Torricelli Francesca 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveUsher’s syndrome type II (USH2) is characterized by moderate to profound congenital hearing loss, later onset of retinitis pigmentosa, and normal vestibular function. Recently, a study investigating the vestibular function of USH2 patients demonstrated a pathologic response to vestibular tests. In this cross‐sectional study we performed vestibular tests of a group patients with genetic diagnosis of USH2 syndrome to demonstrate if vestibular damage is present in USH2 patients.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsMutated genes of 7 patients with a clinical diagnosis of USH2 were evaluated. Vestibular function was investigated by audiometry, Fitzgerald‐Hallpike caloric vestibular testing, cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (C‐VEMPs), ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (O‐VEMPs), and video head impulse test (v‐HIT).ResultsGenetic tests confirmed the USH2 diagnosis in 5 of 7 patients examined, with 1 patient reporting a unique mutation on genetic tests. Four (80%) of the 5 patients with a genetic diagnosis of USH2 showed pathological O‐VEMPs. Two patients (40%) reported bilateral absent or abnormal values of C‐VEMPs. The superior semicircular canal presented a significant deficit in 2 (40%) patients. The same 2 cases showed a pathologic response of the v‐HIT of the horizontal semicircular canal. Finally, the posterior semicircular canal presented a significant deficit in 4 (40.0%) patients.ConclusionA vestibular evaluation with vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and v‐HIT seems to identify latent damage to the vestibular receptors of USH2 patients.
Competitive Success of Italian Industrial Districts: A Network-based Approach
Authors: Carbonara Nunzia 
Published: June 2017

The article conducts an explorative research on the competitive success of industrial districts (IDs) based on their capacity to adapt and evolve in response to the environmental changes. The aim is to identify the ID structural features supporting adaptation by using the complexity theory. Thus, IDs are considered as complex adaptive systems (CASs) and the ID features that foster adaptation are identified based on the main CAS properties, namely inter-connectivity, heterogeneity and control. To formulate the theory linking the values of the ID structural features with the ID competitive success, a multiple case study is carried out. Finally, three theoretical propositions are derived. JEL: P13, P17, P48, R10
Novel treatment strategy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: combination of conventional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and modified method with portal vein occlusion for cases with arterioportal shunt: a preliminary study
Authors: Yasui Daisuke , Murata Satoru , Ueda Tatsuo , Sugihara Fumie , Onozawa Shiro , Kawamoto Chiaki , Kumita Shinichiro 
Published: June 2017

Background A novel strategy to combine conventional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and TACE during portal vein occlusion (TACE-PVO) in the presence of high-flow arterioportal shunt (APS) has been developed to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal invasion. Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of this strategy. Material and Methods Twenty-five cases of HCC with portal invasion, treated between April 2006 and December 2015, were evaluated. Balloon occlusion of the portal venous outlet was performed in eight cases of high-flow APS when performing TACE. Conventional TACE was performed in the other 17 cases. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Adverse events and deterioration of liver function were also evaluated. Results The median survival time (MST) was 12 months. One-, two-, and three-year survival rates were 48.0%, 39.3%, and 26.2%, respectively. Subgroup analysis and multivariate analysis revealed the CLIP score as prognostic factor. MST was 2.5 months in the subgroup with CLIP score ≥4 and 26.0 months in the subgroup with CLIP score ≤3 (hazard ratio = 7.7, 95% confidence interval = 2.3–25.8). Transient elevations of the levels of transaminase and bilirubin were observed; however, deterioration of liver function was infrequent; upgrading of Child-Pugh class in 9.1% of cases. Conclusion A novel strategy, combining conventional TACE and TACE-PVO, is effective for HCC with portal invasion. The CLIP score may be useful for considering treatment indication.
A Traffic Light Grading System of Hip Dysplasia to Predict the Success of Arthroscopic Hip Surgery
Authors: Grammatopoulos George , Davies Owain L.I. , El-Bakoury Ahmed , Gill Harinderjit S. , Pollard Tom C.B. , Andrade Antonio J. 
Published: June 2017

Background: The role of hip arthroscopic surgery in dysplasia is controversial. Purpose: To determine the 7-year joint preservation rate after hip arthroscopic surgery in hip dysplasia and identify anatomic and intraoperative features that predict the success of hip preservation with arthroscopic surgery, allowing the formulation of an evidence-based classification system. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Between 2008 and 2013, 111 hips with dysplastic features (acetabular index [AI] >10° and/or lateral center-edge angle [LCEA] <25°) that underwent arthroscopic surgery were identified. Clinical, radiological, and operative findings and the type of procedure performed were reviewed. Radiographic evaluations of the operated hip (AI, LCEA, extrusion index) were performed. Outcome measures included whether the hip was preserved (ie, did not require arthroplasty) at follow-up and the preoperative and postoperative Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS) and Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS). The AI and LCEA were calculated, factored by a measure of articular wear (AIf and LCEAf, respectively), according to the University College Hospital, London (UCL) grading system as follows: AIf = AI × (number of UCL wear zones + 1), and LCEAf = LCEA / (number of UCL wear zones + 1). A contour plot of the resulting probability value of failure for every combination of AIf and LCEAf allowed for the determination of the zones with the lowest and highest incidences of failure to preserve the hip. Results: The mean AI and LCEA were 9.8° and 18.0°, respectively. At a mean follow-up of 4.5 years (range, 0.4-8.3 years), 33 hips had failed, requiring hip arthroplasty. The 7-year joint survival rate was 68%. The mean improvements in the NAHS and HOOS were 11 ( P = .001) and 22.8 ( P < .001) points, respectively. The zone with the greatest chance of joint preservation (odds ratio, 10; P < .001) was the green zone, with an AIf of 0° to 15° and an LCEAf of 15° to 25°; in contrast, the zone with the greatest chance of failure (odds ratio, 10; P < .001) was the red zone, with an AIf of 20° to 100° and an LCEAf of 0° to 10°. Conclusion: Overall, the 7-year hip survival rate in hip dysplasia appears inferior compared with that reported in femoroacetabular impingement (78%). Hip arthroscopic surgery is associated with an excellent chance of hip preservation in mild dysplasia (green zone: AI = 0°-15°, LCEA = 15°-25°) and no articular wear. The authors advise that the greatest caution should be used when considering arthroscopic options in cases of severe dysplasia (red zone: AI >20° and/or LCEA <10°).
Epidemiology and Changes in Mortality of Sepsis After the Implementation of Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines
Authors: Herrán-Monge Rubén , Muriel-Bombín Arturo , García-García Marta M. , Merino-García Pedro A. , Martínez-Barrios Miguel , Andaluz David , Ballesteros Juan Carlos , Domínguez-Berrot Ana María , Moradillo-Gonzalez Susana , Macías Santiago , Álvarez-Martínez Braulio , Fernández-Calavia M. José , Tarancón Concepción , Villar Jesús , Blanco Jesús 
Published: June 2017

Purpose: To determine the epidemiology and outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock after 9 years of the implementation of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) and to build a mortality prediction model. Methods: This is a prospective, multicenter, observational study performed during a 5-month period in 2011 in a network of 11 intensive care units (ICUs). We compared our findings with those obtained in the same ICUs in a study conducted in 2002. Results: The current cohort included 262 episodes of severe sepsis and/or septic shock, and the 2002 cohort included 324. The prevalence was 14% (95% confidence interval: 12.5-15.7) with no differences to 2002. The population-based incidence was 31 cases/100 000 inhabitants/year. Patients in 2011 had a significantly lower Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II; 21.9 ± 6.6 vs 25.5 ± 7.07), Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score (5.6 ± 3.2 vs 6.3 ± 3.6), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores on day 1 (8 ± 3.5 vs 9.6 ± 3.7; P < .01). The main source of infection was intraabdominal (32.5%) although microbiologic isolation was possible in 56.7% of cases. The 2011 cohort had a marked reduction in 48-hour (7% vs 14.8%), ICU (27.2% vs 48.2%), and in-hospital (36.7% vs 54.3%) mortalities. Most relevant factors associated with death were APACHE II score, age, previous immunosuppression and liver insufficiency, alcoholism, nosocomial infection, and Delta SOFA score. Conclusion: Although the incidence of sepsis/septic shock remained unchanged during a 10-year period, the implementation of the SSC guidelines resulted in a marked decrease in the overall mortality. The lower severity of patients on ICU admission and the reduced early mortality suggest an improvement in early diagnosis, better initial management, and earlier antibiotic treatment.
Patients with paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis are at higher risk of cognitive impairment in adulthood: An Italian collaborative study
Authors: Ruano Luis , Branco Mariana , Portaccio Emilio , Goretti Benedetta , Niccolai Claudia , Patti Francesco , Chisari Clara , Gallo Paolo , Grossi Paola , Ghezzi Angelo , Roscio Marco , Mattioli Flavia , Stampatori Chiara , Simone Marta , Viterbo Rosa Gemma , Amato Maria Pia 
Published: June 2017

Background: Patients with paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) could be at an increased risk for cognitive impairment (CI), given the potential harmful effects of disease activity in neurodevelopment. However, there is scarce information on their long-term cognitive outcomes. Objective: To compare the prevalence and profile of CI between adults with a history of POMS and those with classic, adult-onset multiple sclerosis (AOMS). Methods: Cognitive performance was assessed through the Brief Repeatable Battery (BRB) and the Stroop Test in consecutive patients referred to six Italian MS centres. CI was defined as impairment in ⩾2 cognitive domains. Results: In all, 119 patients with POMS and 712 with AOMS were included in this analysis. The prevalence of CI was 48.0% in AOMS, 44.5% in POMS; with similar neuropsychological profile between the two groups. However, when adjusting for current age, we found a significantly increased risk for CI (odds ratio (OR) = 1.71; p = 0.02) and for impairment in information processing speed (OR = 1.86; p < 0.01) in patients with POMS. A higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was also identified in POMS ( p = 0.03) compared with AOMS patients. Conclusion: Patients with a history of POMS appear to be at higher risk of physical and cognitive disability than AOMS patients, after correcting for age effects, with particular involvement of information processing speed.
Standard German vowel productions by monolingual and trilingual speakers
Authors: Schoormann Heike E , Heeringa Wilbert , Peters Jörg 
Published: June 2017

Aims and Objectives: Studies on vowel productions of speakers from bilingual communities report not only interactions between the first and second language, but also monolingual-like realizations. The present study expands a prior acoustic investigation of Saterland trilinguals by studying the substrate effect of Saterland Frisian and Low German on the trilinguals’ standard language Northern Standard German. The research aim is to test whether the Northern Standard German vowel productions of the Saterland trilinguals approach the productions of monolingual speakers in terms of durational and spectral features. Design: We elicited three repetitions per speaker of the complete inventory of stressed Northern Standard German monophthongs in /hVt/ context to compare the realizations of Northern Standard German vowels in trilingual speakers from Saterland and in monolingual speakers from Hanover, whose variety of Northern Standard German is representative of the larger speech community. Data and analysis: In an acoustic analysis, we compared the durational and spectral features using linear mixed effects models. The findings are interpreted with reference to the cross-linguistic vowel productions of the trilingual speakers. Findings: For the larger part, the Northern Standard German vowel productions of the trilinguals approach the productions of the monolingual speakers in terms of both durational and spectral features. In addition, the vowel productions of the trilingual speakers suggest a bidirectional interaction between the vowel systems of the trilinguals’ three languages. Originality: This investigation is the first to study phonetic interference in vowel production in a situation of long-term language contact involving regional trilingualism and an endangered minority language. Implications: Our findings show an orientation towards the larger speech community in the realization of vowel categories in the trilinguals’ standard language. Our study also suggests that the complete inventory needs to be studied to understand the functional constraints by which the multilingual vowel space is organized. It further suggests that a comparison of multilingual with monolingual speakers is necessary to draw conclusions on the mutual subphonemic influence of the individual vowel systems.
Oral and pharyngeal cancer in Europe
Authors: Diz Pedro , Meleti Marco , Diniz-Freitas Márcio , Vescovi Paolo , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Johnson Newell W , Kerr Alexander Ross 
Published: June 2017

Objectives: Our aim was to provide an up-to-date and review the incidence and mortality of oral and pharyngeal cancer in Europe. Methods: Data were retrieved from both national and regional population-based cancer registries. The online browser used in the present study was the European Network of Cancer Registries (EUREG. Version 1.0), which provided data for 22 countries of Northern and Eastern Europe and for 20 countries of Western and Southern Europe on the incidence of and mortality for oral and pharyngeal cancer. For countries not included in EUREG, data were retrieved from the European Cancer Estimates (EUCAN), the Global Cancer Estimates (GLOBOCAN) and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Oral cancer sub-sites were classified according to International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Edition categories. Results: Hungary recorded highest rates among European countries for both morbidity and mortality. Historically, France has had high rates particularly in areas in the north of France, where oral cancer was the most common in men. A decline in the incidence has been noted in the past one and half decades. However, France still has the highest incidence rates of orophayngeal cancer, one of the highest in the world. Denmark records high rates of oral cancer in women and lip cancer incidence is high in Spain. Conclusions: In Europe, regional differences in oral and pharyngeal cancer in terms of incidence and mortality are evident not only between north and south and between east and west but also within single regions (e.g. between the Scandinavian countries and the former Soviet republics). These findings reflect differences in lifestyle and in exposure to risk factors such as smoking (e.g. high incidence in Danish women), alcohol (e.g. in Lithuanian men) or both (e.g. Belgium and Portugal). Other traditional factors, such as actinic radiation, are responsible for a considerable number of cases of lip cancer (e.g. Spain), and oncogenic potential of human papillomavirus explains the rising trend in oropharyngeal cancer in some countries (e.g. Denmark and Scotland).
A specialized pathway for erythroid iron delivery through lysosomal trafficking of transferrin receptor 2
Authors: Khalil Shadi , Holy Maja , Grado Stephen , Fleming Robert , Kurita Ryo , Nakamura Yukio , Goldfarb Adam 
Published: June 2017

Key Points
Transferrin receptor 2 drives lysosomal delivery of transferrin in erythroid progenitors. Erythroid mitochondria specifically associate with lysosomes and are regulated by transferrin receptor 2.
The influence of gender and body mass index on the FPI‐6 evaluated foot posture of 10‐ to 14‐year‐old school children in São Paulo, Brazil: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: de Carvalho Barbarah Kelly Gonçalves , Penha Patrícia Jundi , Penha Nárima Lívia Jundi , Andrade Rodrigo Mantelatto , Ribeiro Ana Paula , João Sílvia Maria Amado 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundAdolescence is marked by changes to the body, including the feet. The Foot Posture Index (FPI‐6) stands out from other foot type classification methods as valid, reliable, and multidimensional. However, the current literature differs according to age group, with little consolidation of normative data in school children, largely due to the influence of such factors as sex, age and body mass index (BMI). Thus, this study assesses foot posture in adolescents according to age, sex and BMI.MethodsThe study evaluated 1.394 adolescents from Amparo and Pedreira regions in São Paulo, Brazil. Subjects were positioned barefoot on a wooden base and each foot was assessed by FPI‐6 criteria. Each criterion was scored on a scale of −2 to +2, negative for supinated and positive for pronated posture. Initially the data were assessed for normality using the Shapiro‐Wilk test and descriptive statistics were calculated. To investigate and compare the scores of FPI‐6 with regards to age and body mass index, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used, followed by post hoc Tukey. To compare the FPI‐6 with regard to gender, an independent student t test was used. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 and the 5% significance level.ResultsBoys had higher scores than girls (p = 0.037) for the right foot, and the group with normal BMI values scored higher than the obese group (p = 0.001). For the left foot, 11‐ and 13‐year‐olds differed (p = 0.024) with respect to age in general. The overweight and obese group scored lower than the normal BMI group (p = 0.039; p = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsOverall, the feet in this study were classified as normal, with a tendency to pronation, particularly in boys. There were differences between the 11 and 13 year groups and, with regard to BMI, there were higher scores for the group with normal BMI. Therefore, a higher BMI in adolescence is not indicative of a pronated foot type.