bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classical and Quantum Boltzmann Equations in the Presence of Bath Noise With Quantum Filtering Applied to Scattered Field Analysis
Authors: Parthasarathy Harish 
Published: October 2024

We formulate the classical and quantum Boltzmann equations for the one particle distribution function and density operator corresponding to the motion of several indistinguisable point charges in motion with mutual electromagnetic interaction attached to central potentials and also interacting with an external electromagnetic field. These equations are used to derive formulas for the scattered electromagnetic field and analyze their properties like frequency content. Using the Wigner distribution to draw an analogy between classical probability distribution functions in phase space and corresponding quantum analogues, we compare the classical and quantum Boltzmann equations showing explicitly how the quantum Boltzmann equation for the Wigner distribution is the same as the classical Boltzmann equation but with extra quantum corrections expressible as a power series in Planck’c constant. We then proceed to formulate the quantum Boltzmann equation for open quantum systems, ie, systems connected to a noisy bath and explain how to estimate the Lindblad noisy coupling parameters from the nonlinear quantum Boltzmann state evolution between successive POV measurements. We then proceed to formulate the quantum Boltzmann equation for the one particle density operator derived from the quantum Belavkin filter for N-particles taking into account non-demolition measurement noise. Partial tracing of the Belavkin filter with the molecular chaos hypothesis for the N-particle state yields this nonlinear one particle filtered quantum Boltzmann equation. We then apply Lec-Bouten’s method of control unitaries based on the measurement process to cancel out part of Lindblad noise from the filtered quantum Boltzmann equation. Finally, we explain how to perform a second order perturbative analysis of the classical Boltzmann equation in order to arrive at the frequency spectrum of the scattered field from the frequency spectrum of the incident field. The last section is devoted to the derivation of the two particle quantum Boltzmann equation for the Belavkin quantum filter. During the process of derivation, we explain how to derive the general \(r^{th}\) order quantum Boltzmann equation for the Belavkin quantum filter on \(N\) particles when the bath acts symmetrically, ie, in a permutation invariant way on all the particles.
Conference with Experts from the Rand Corporation on the Issues of National Security
Authors: Leška Vladimír 
Published: October 2024

The international contacts of the úMV continued to develop intensively in 1991. A number of guests of the institute belonged to the world's best in their fields. On days 5-7 In May 1991, the úMV organized a conference together with the RAND Corporation, which was attended by several prominent figures in American research on military policy and national security. Although the topic of this colloquium was a rather narrow and specific issue of civil-military relations and the decision-making process on national security in the USA and Czechoslovakia, its course provided sufficient space for discussion of more general issues of the current security situation in Europe and the perspectives of its development.
The American side attached considerable importance to the conference. This is evidenced by the composition of her delegation. It was led by the president of the RAND Corporation, J. Thomson. Among the participants from this institution were vice president G. Donohue and scientific staff from the department of international politics F. S. Larrabee, S. Popper, J. B. Steinberg and T. S. Szayna. The military part of the American delegation consisted of the head of the group for policy and programs of the political department of the High Command of the Allied Armed Forces of NATO in Europe, gen. major W. Freeman, Deputy Director for Planning in the Secretariat of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Planning and Operations, US Air Force Brig. gen. B. L. Mitchell, head of the East European policy section of the same workplace, major. D. Palendech and deputy chief of the intelligence staff of the High Command of the American Army in Europe, gen. major C. Pfister. The four-star general of the US Air Force in the reserve, R.H. Reed, who represented the American National Association for Training (in active service he was chief of staff of the Allied High Command) was also in the delegation NATO armed forces in Europe). The civilian part of the delegation also included J. A. Baker, a member of the US Atlantic Council, W. Christman, political assistant for the USSR and Eastern Europe to the Deputy Secretary of Defense for Policy, W. B. Slocombe, former US Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Policy Planning, and W. Taylor, special deputy adviser for the security of the US ambassador to NATO. The delegation also included the director of the Radio Free Europe/Svoboda Research Institute, A. R. Johnson, and Vladimír Kusin, chief analyst of the analytical and research department of this institute.
Beyond The Screen
Authors: Hamilton Christina , Pezoldt Amy , Buonadonna Daniel , Degracia Gianna , Klimenko Marina , Marton Emily 
Published: October 2024

This study examined communication between friends across generations in the most popular TV shows from the 1990s to 2022. The five highest grossing American TV shows and sitcoms were chosen and coded for friends’ self-disclosure, expression of empathy, perspective/advice, critique, appreciation, and complimenting. Demographic characteristics of the characters were also recorded. The results showed a significant increase in self-disclosure from the 1990s to late-2000s, but not for early-2000s; as well as an increase in male characters’ expressing empathy. Female characters increased in giving perspective in late-2000s and complimenting their friends in early- and late-2000s. However, female dyadic interactions remained to be the least frequent.
Genetic Characterization of the Glucose-PTS in Streptococcus sanguinis, examining competitive fitness.
Authors: Danniel Pham  , Lin Zeng  
Published: October 2024

Ecological shifts in dental microbiome from homeostasis to dysbiosis have been hypothesized to underlie several oral diseases including dental caries. Streptococcus sanguinis, a commensal bacterium, is pivotal in maintaining oral health through its metabolic activities, including the production of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This study aims to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of the glucose::phosphotransferase system (PTS) in the physiology and competitive fitness of S. sanguinis within the oral microbiome, by examining single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the EIIABMan (manL) and HPr of PTS in S. sanguinis strain SK36. Employing genetic engineering, bioinformatic analysis, growth and metabolic assays, recreating and characterizing several unique ManL SNPs in SK36 that were identified among clinical strains of S. sanguinis. Mutations in ManL and HPr correlated with altered growth dynamics, H2O2 production, acid production, and pH homeostasis in a manner uncoupled from canonical regulators such as CcpA and Rex. These genetic variations likely contributed to S. sanguinis's competitiveness, although their ecological impact remains to be further elucidated. This research is part of the ongoing effort to understand the genetic mechanisms that contribute to microbial ecology in relation to health, knowledge from which may allow for enhanced diagnostics, pro-health formulations, and other microbial interventions.
Impacto de la pandemia por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 en la presentación y manejo de la apendicitis aguda en niños
Authors: Cruz Cruz Dyan , Ramos Mantilla Andrea , Valenzuela Aguilera Marco , Rodriguez Villablanca Javiera 
Published: October 2024

La apendicitis aguda (AA) es la causa más frecuente de abdomen agudo quirúrgico en pediatría. Durante la pandemia por COVID-19, el confinamiento enlenteció los procesos quirúrgicos, retrasando la consulta médica. Objetivo: Analizar el impacto de la pandemia en la presentación y manejo de la AA.Pacientes y Método: Cohorte retrospectiva, que incluyó pacientes menores de 15 años atendidos en el servicio de urgencia con diagnóstico de AA, durante marzo a diciembre de periodo prepandémico 2018 y periodo pandémico en 2020. Se analizaron datos demográficos, síntomas, tratamiento y complicaciones. Los pacientes se dividieron en grupos según la gravedad de la afección. Se consideró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa de un valor de p < 0,05. Resultados: Se incluyeron 629 pacientes con AA de ambos periodos. El tiempo de evolución desde el inicio de los síntomas, hasta la consulta del total de pacientes con AA en pandemia fue mayor, con 41,2 horas versus 35,5 horas en prepandemia (p < 0,05), y en el subgrupo de apendicitis aguda complicada (AAC) fue de 59,5 horas versus 45,4 horas en prepandemia (p < 0,01). El ingreso a unidad de paciente critico fue mayor en pandemia 3,9% versus 0,6% en prepandemia (p < 0,05). En plastrón apendicular, hubo mayor número de días de hospitalización en pandemia con 11,6 días versus 7,8 días en prepandemia (p < 0,05) y días de tratamiento antibiótico con 17 días en pandemia versus 11,1 días en prepandemia (p < 0,05). La vía de abordaje quirúrgico en pandemia fue mayormente laparoscópica, 62,4% (p < 0,001). Conclusión: Durante la pandemia hubo retraso en la consulta y mayor requerimiento de manejo intensivo en los pacientes con AA. El tiempo de hospitalización y tratamiento antibiótico de plastrón apendicular fue más extendido y la técnica laparoscópica fue el abordaje de elección.
Factores pronósticos de sobrevida en niños con cáncer y neutropenia febril
Authors: Valenzuela Romina , Santolaya María Elena , Villarroel Milena , Cavada Gabriel , Alfaro Tania 
Published: October 2024

El cáncer sigue siendo una de las enfermedades más importantes en salud pública. Objetivo: Estimar la sobrevida a 5 años en pacientes oncológicos pediátricos afectados por NF, según variables clínico-demográficas. Pacientes y Método: Estudio de sobrevida, cohorte histórica, pronóstico y analítico. Se agrupó el cáncer en: leucemias-linfomas, osteosarcoma y otros tumores sólidos. El análisis descriptivo se realizó con test de Fisher y Kruskal-Wallis, los factores pronósticos como edad, tipo de cáncer y sepsis fueron analizados con hazard ratio (HR). Para las curvas de sobrevida se utilizó el método de Kaplan-Meier y el Modelo de regresión de Cox. Resultados: Se estudió a 116 sujetos con diagnóstico de leucemias-linfomas (51,7%), osteosarcoma (25,9%) y otros tumores sólidos (22,4%). La mediana de días entre la quimioterapia y el primer episodio de NF fue de 5 días [1-7], 7 [7-8] y 7 [5-8], respectivamente. La sobrevida global fue de 64,7% a 5 años. Fueron factores protectores según Modelo de Cox: comorbilidad post cáncer (HR 0,33 IC95% 0,16-0,67) y nivel educacional medio del cuidador (HR 0,36 IC95% 0,18-0,73) y fueron factores de riesgo: presencia de otro tipo de tumor de órgano sólido (HR 3,43 IC95% 1,64-7,19), sepsis (HR 2,89 IC95% 1,47-5,70), retraso en la quimioterapia (HR 2,94 IC95% 1,17-7,40) e infección fúngica invasora (HR 3,36 IC95% 1,22-9,22). Conclusión: Nuestro estudio analizó factores pronósticos en la sobrevida de niños con cáncer y NF, encontrando fac- tores de riesgo y protectores concordantes con la literatura. Se confirmó como factores de riesgo la presencia de un tumor de órgano sólido y sepsis, en tanto la presencia de comorbilidad post cáncer y el nivel educacional medio fueron factores protectores en la sobrevida.
Nutrición parenteral en neonatología y pediatría: estabilidad fisicoquímica, riesgos y precauciones. Revisión narrativa
Authors: Miranda Capetanópulos Daisy , De Toro Valeria 
Published: October 2024

La nutrición parenteral es una terapia de alto riesgo debido a algunos de sus componentes, y a la inclusión excepcional de fármacos. Puede contener más de 50 nutrientes, con diferentes características de osmolaridad, carga iónica y pH, lo que puede afectar su estabilidad fisicoquímica. Además se deben considerar las condiciones ambientales como la luz, temperatura y el oxígeno. Su prescripción y administración representa un desafío para el equipo de salud, especialmente en el ámbito pediátrico y neonatal, debido a factores como el estado de inmadurez metabólica y la mayor susceptibilidad a daño oxidativo. Este grupo también requiere de menores volúmenes con mayor concentración de nutrientes, lo cual complejiza su elaboración y riesgos de incompatibilidad/interacciones. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una revisión bajo los criterios de Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA), para hacer recomendaciones de estabilidad fisicoquímica según relevancia clínica. Se describe como las condiciones ambientales e insumos pueden afectar la estabilidad de la mezcla, se entregan recomendaciones y valores para disminuir los riesgos de inestabilidad, que incluye aminoácidos, lípidos, cationes, aniones y diferentes sales de calcio y fósforo. Dada la variabilidad en la reproducción de la misma mezcla debido a las condiciones clínicas y los insumos, este campo constituye un área abierta a la investigación por la diversidad metodológica empleada en los reportes. Finalmente, las recomendaciones del ámbito pediátrico/neonatal son las más estrictas de la literatura, por lo que son válidas para adultos.
The Role of AI in Shaping Our Future: Super-Exponential Growth, Galactic Civilization, and Doom
Authors: Baklaga Luka 
Published: October 2024

The present study investigates the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the future trajectory of human civilization. It focuses on topics such as super-exponential growth, the potential emergence of a galactic civilization, and the associated "doom" hazards. A significant advancement in machine intelligence with human-like consciousness, strong artificial intelligence (AI), also known as artificial general intelligence (AGI), creates new opportunities and capacities. There's growing anxiety about the risk that weak AI will eventually become strong AI. Every year, new transformer models that are more like human interactions are being created, and we have already witnessed some indications of AGI. It is anticipated that AI will reach a "singularity" and advance on its own without assistance from humans. This thesis explores the theoretical and practical foundations, model building blocks, development processes, challenges, and ethical issues surrounding the creation of Consciousness AI (AGI). This paper examines the meaning of the term "technological singularity," the various types of singularities that have no point of return idea, the philosophical risks associated with the development of AI, and the implications of AI singularity for monetary theory and the new economic order. As a new perspective on the deployment of ethical AI in the face of tremendous technological advancements, the study not only contributes to the theoretical discourse but also explores the possible practical implications of AI on our shared future. Several obstacles to AI advancement are covered in the paper, along with prospective directions for future research.
Back Duty Audit and Companies Income Tax Compliance in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria: The Moderating Role of Tax Officers’ Expertise
Authors: Ogidiaka Ovie , Agbi Eniola Samuel , Mohammed Ahmed Nma , Mustapha Lateef Olumide , Abdulfatah Abdulsalam Latifat 
Published: October 2024

Low tax compliance is a serious problem that has continued to ravage the Nigerian tax system which has forced the government to source for an alternative means of financing its budget. To tackle this issue, the government has introduced tax audit to enhance tax compliance. This study examines back duty audit and companies income tax compliance in Nigeria, the moderating role of tax officers’ expertise. The population of the study comprises 304 FIRS staff in the audit department in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Taro Yamane formula was used to determine a sample size of 173. Multiple regression was used to analyze the data and to test the hypotheses of the study with the help of STATA version 13. The result revealed that back duty audit has a positive and significant effect on companies income tax compliance. The moderator, tax officers’ expertise has a positive and significant effect on companies income tax compliance. When the moderator interacted with back duty audit, the result was positive and statistically significant. The study recommended that the FIRS should emphasize more on routine audit because it helps to increase compliance by companies now and in the future. Secondly, the tax officers should constantly reach out to companies’ representatives to help them resolve complexity in the tax laws.
Abstrak: Karakteristik pasien yang menjalani pemeriksaan Otoacoustic Emission (OAE) dan Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) di RSUD Provinsi NTB
Authors: Yuliyani Eka Arie , Aryani Gusti Ayu Trisna , Haq Abiyyu Didar , Ilawanda Zanetha Mauly , Sanggita Vira Eka Trie 
Published: October 2024

Salah satu penyebab dari gangguan bicara dan bahasa pada anak adalah gangguan pendengaran, sehingga dapat berdampak pada masalah sosial, emosional, perilaku, dan kognitif di masa dewasa. Penyebab gangguan pendengaran yaitu genetik herediter yang bersifat kongenital atau didapat saat kehamilan, perinatal, ataupun postnatal. Tujuan Penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik pasien yang menjalani OAE DAN BERA di RSUD Provinsi NTB periode Juli-September 2023. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel adalah total sampling yang berjumlah 153 orang. Analisis data ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel, diagram dan narasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik pasien pada kelompok OAE (133 orang) lebih banyak berjenis kelamin laki-laki ( 55%), usia maksimum 40 th dan minimum 6 hari dengan kecenderungan hasil refer secara bilateral serta tidak ada perbedaan secara signifikan persentase pasien yang mendapatkan hasil pass dan refer. Kelompok BERA (20 orang) didapatkan lebih banyak jenis kelamin Perempuan (55%), usia maksimum 2 tahun dan minimum 3 bulan dengan hasil abnormal cenderung lebih sering terjadi secara bilateral dengan frekuensi dan ambang batas yang sama (47,8%).
Hubungan Aktifitas Fisik Dengan Tekanan Darah Pada Karyawan Di Universitas Malahayati Bandar Lampung
Authors: Triana Muhamad Afgan , Alfarisi Ringgo , Anggraeni Selvia , Teddy Teddy 
Published: October 2024

Tingkat prevalensi hipertensi di provinsi Lampung, yang berada pada angka 29,94%, menempatkannya di peringkat 16 di antara provinsi-provinsi lainnya. Hipertensi telah dikaitkan dengan berbagai faktor risiko, termasuk kurangnya aktivitas fisik. Aktivitas fisik dapat mengurangi risiko hipertensi melalui beberapa mekanisme, termasuk adanya resistensi dalam pembuluh darah, gangguan regulasi fungsi sistem saraf simpatik, dan adanya sistem renin-angiotensin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan tekanan darah pada karyawan di Universitas Malahayati Bandar Lampung. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Deskriptif Analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 139 orang. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 100 responden yang sudah dipilih melalui metode purposive sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara langsung terkait penimbangan berat badan, pengukuran tinggi badan, dan pengukuran funbgsi kognitif. Uji statistik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden berjenis laki-laki (61.0%), kelompok usia dewasa muda (20-44 tahun) (79.0%), berependidikan SMA (54.0%), dan bekerja sebagai karyawan administrasi di Universitas Malahayati Bandar Lampung (45.0%). Didapatkan sebagian besar aktivitas fisik responden ada pada kelompok sedang (79.0%). Didapatkan sebagian besar tekanan darah responden tidak mengalami hipertensi (82.0%). Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik dengan tekanan darah pada Karyawan di Universitas Malahayati Bandar Lampung (p–value = 0.021 : OR = 4.24). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik dengan tekanan darah.
Hubungan Kebiasaan Sarapan Dengan Status Gizi Pada Siswa-Siswi SMA Bunda Mulia Jakarta
Authors: Sulianto Jessie Vania , Charrisa Olivia 
Published: October 2024

Sarapan pagi yang menyediakan 15-30% kebutuhan energi harian, bermanfaat menjaga metabolisme tubuh tetap optimal, membantu konsentrasi dalam belajar, dan mengurangi resiko gizi lebih pada remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan sarapan dengan status gizi pada siswa-siswi SMA Bunda Mulia Jakarta Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian yang berlangsung Januari 2024 dengan lokasi di SMA Bunda Mulia Jakarta Barat, melibatkan 192 subyek penelitian yaitu siswa kelas 10 yang berusia 14-16 tahun. Pengambilan sample secara total sampling yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan pengisian kuesioner, pengukuran tinggi badan dan berat badan, dan perhitungan Z-score. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 113 responden (58,9%) memiliki kebiasaan sarapan dan 79 responden (41,1%) tidak terbiasa sarapan. Sebanyak 142 responden (74%) memiliki gizi normal dan 50 reponden (26%) memiliki gizi lebih. Uji statistik Chi Square untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kebiasaan sarapan dengan status gizi, didapatkan p= 0,139 (p>0,05), sehingga dapat disimpulkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan kebiasaan sarapan dengan status gizi pada siswa-siswi SMA Bunda Mulia Jakarta Barat. Mengingat pentingnya dan keuntungan sarapan maka siswa diharapkan membiasakan sarapan dengan nutrisi gizi seimbang dengan dukungan sekolah dalam perilaku
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Dengan Perilaku Masyarakat Dalam Penggunaan Obat Antibiotik Di Kota Pontianak
Authors: Anggita Fransiska , Assegaff Syarifah Nurul Yanti R S , Nurmainah Nurmainah 
Published: October 2024

Resistensi antibiotik dapat meningkatkan morbiditas maupun mortalitas pasien, dan peningkatan biaya kesehatan. Resistensi dapat dicegah dengan perilaku penggunaan antibiotik yang benar. Pengetahuan memiliki peran penting untuk berperilaku yang baik. Salah satunya perilaku penggunaan antibiotik. Mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik dapat mencegah terjadinya penggunaan antibiotik yang kurang tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dengan perilaku masyarakat dalam penggunaan obat antibiotik di Kota Pontianak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sebanyak 96 responden terpilih melalui teknik non-probability sampling secara accidental sampling. Variabel diukur dengan memanfaatkan kuesioner. Analisis yang digunakan adalah Chi Square. Penelitian ini memberikan hasil bahwa pengetahuan berhubungan dengan perilaku seseorang. Hasil kategori tingkat pengetahuan baik (66,7%), dan kategori tingkat perilaku baik (77,1%). Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini yaitu, terdapat hubungan bermakna antara variabel pengetahuan dan perilaku, tingkat hubungan antar kedua variabel adalah hubungan rendah dengan arah korelasi positif.