bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jovian electrons in the inner heliosphere
Authors: Vogt A. , Heber B. , Kopp A. , Potgieter M. S. , Strauss R. D. 
Published: January 2018

Context. Since the Pioneer 10 flyby of Jupiter it has become well known that electrons of Jovian origin dominate the lower MeV range of charged energetic particles in the inner heliosphere.
Aims. Because the Jovian source can be treated as point-like in numerical models, many attempts to investigate charged particle transport in the inner heliosphere have utilized Jovian electrons as test particles. The reliability of the derived parameters for convective and diffusive transport processes are therefore highly dependent on an accurate estimation of the Jovian source spectrum. In this study we aim to provide such an estimation.
Methods. In this study we have proposed a new electron source spectrum, specified at the boundary of the Jovian magnetosphere, fitted to flyby measurements by Pioneer 10 and Ulysses, with a spectral shape also in agreement with measurements at Earth’s orbit by Ulysses, Voyager 1, ISEE and SOHO.
Results. The proposed spectrum is consistent with all previous theoretical suggestions, but deviates considerably in the lower MeV range which was inaccessible to those studies.
Influence of misalignments on the performance of externally occulted solar coronagraphs
Authors: Shestov S. V. , Zhukov A. N. 
Published: January 2018

Context. The ASPIICS instrument is a novel externally occulted coronagraph that will be launched on board the PROBA-3 mission of the European Space Agency. The external occulter will be placed on one satellite ~150 m ahead of the second satellite that will carry an optical instrument. During 6 h out of 19.38 h of orbit, the satellites will fly in a precise (accuracy around a few millimeters) formation, constituting a giant externally occulted coronagraph. The large distance between the external occulter and the primary objective will allow observations of the white-light solar corona starting from extremely low heights ~ 1.1R⊙.
Aims. We intend to analyze influence of shifts of the satellites and misalignments of optical elements on the ASPIICS performance in terms of diffracted light. Based on the quantitative influence of misalignments on diffracted light, we provide a recipe for choosing the size of the internal occulter (IO) to achieve a trade-off between the minimal height of observations and sustainability to possible misalignments.
Methods. We considered different types of misalignments and analyzed their influence from optical and computational points of view. We implemented a numerical model of the diffracted light and its propagation through the optical system and computed intensities of diffracted light throughout the instrument. Our numerical approach is based on a model from the literature that considered the axisymmetrical case. Here we extend the model to include nonsymmetrical cases and possible misalignments.
Results. The numerical computations fully confirm the main properties of the diffracted light that we obtained from semi-analytical consideration. We obtain that relative influences of various misalignments are significantly different. We show that the internal occulter with RIO = 1.694 mm = 1.1R⊙ is large enough to compensate possible misalignments expected to occur in PROBA-3/ASPIICS. Besides that we show that apodizing the edge of the internal occulter leads to additional suppression of the diffracted light.
Conclusions. We conclude that the most important misalignment is the tilt of the telescope with respect to the line connecting the center of the external occulter and the entrance aperture. Special care should be taken to co-align the external occulter and the coronagraph, which means co-aligning the diffraction fringe from the external occulter and the internal occulter. We suggest that the best orientation strategy is to point the coronagraph to the center of the external occulter.
Kyste odontogène calcifié : à propos d’un cas clinique
Authors: FAROUK Mohammed , MEDAGHRI ALAOUI Olaya , BEN YAHYA Ihsane 
Published: January 2018

Le kyste odontogéne calcifié est une lésion
bénigne rare, décrite pour la première fois
par Gorlin en 1962, et classée comme tel dans
la classification de 1992.
Il resprésente 2 % des tumeurs odontogènes,
il peut apparaitre à n’importe quel age, avec
une prédominance du sexe masculin.
Les aspects cliniques et radiologiques de cette
lésion ne sont pas spécifiques, la confirmation
du diagnostic et anatomopathologique.
À travers un cas cliniques d’un kyste odontogène
calcifié, ce travail permet d’illustrer les spécificités
de cette lésion.
Tau induces blood vessel abnormalities and angiogenesis-related gene expression in P301L transgenic mice and human Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Bennett Rachel E. , Robbins Ashley B. , Hu Miwei , Cao Xinrui , Betensky Rebecca A. , Clark Tim , Das Sudeshna , Hyman Bradley T. 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceThis work provides evidence that the protein tau induces changes in blood vessels distinct from the effects of amyloid beta on vasculature and indicates a previously unknown pathway by which pathological tau may accelerate cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease.
Modular origins of biological electron transfer chains
Authors: Raanan Hagai , Pike Douglas H. , Moore Eli K. , Falkowski Paul G. , Nanda Vikas 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceThere are no physical fossils of the original proteins at the beginning of life on Earth and phylogenetic approaches that infer the nature of the ancestral proteins from sequences and/or structures of extant molecules are of limited use over long time scales (e.g., billions of years). We analyzed the structures of proteins containing transition-metal cofactors, and identified four structural modules that comprise the diverse family of oxidoreductases, molecular nanomachines that are critical for electron transfer reactions that form the energetic basis of life. These structural modules are, in effect, relict “building blocks” of life that have descended through time with only minor modifications.
Context-dependent functions of angiopoietin 2 are determined by the endothelial phosphatase VEPTP
Authors: Souma Tomokazu , Thomson Benjamin R. , Heinen Stefan , Anna Carota Isabel , Yamaguchi Shinji , Onay Tuncer , Liu Pan , Ghosh Asish K. , Li Chengjin , Eremina Vera , Hong Young-Kwon , Economides Aris N. , Vestweber Dietmar , Peters Kevin G. , Jin Jing , Quaggin Susan E. 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceReducing vascular leakage and stabilizing the endothelium through activation of the angiopoietin (ANGPT)–TIE2 receptor tyrosine kinase pathway is a promising therapeutic strategy for vascular diseases. ANGPT2 is one of two major ligands for the TIE2 receptor. Uniquely, ANGPT2 possesses an agonistic role in lymphatic endothelium, but acts as a competitive antagonist in blood endothelium. The molecular basis for the opposing actions of ANGPT2 in these two vascular beds is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the absence of VEPTP expression in the lymphatic endothelium confers an agonist function of ANGPT2 on TIE2 receptor, but VEPTP expression in blood endothelium abrogates its activity. Our findings provide mechanistic insights needed to advance therapeutic targeting of this pathway.
Establishment of the early cilia preassembly protein complex during motile ciliogenesis
Authors: Horani Amjad , Ustione Alessandro , Huang Tao , Firth Amy L. , Pan Jiehong , Gunsten Sean P. , Haspel Jeffrey A. , Piston David W. , Brody Steven L. 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceMotile cilia preassembly proteins processing dynein motor proteins have been identified in patients with motile cilia dysfunction. However, the exact function and interaction of these proteins are not understood. Using primary airway cell culture and regulated induced pluripotent stem cell culture, we provide a roadmap for preassembly protein expression, showing that HEATR2 is the first preassembly protein to appear, emerging early in ciliogenesis and preceding known regulatory factors. HEATR2, SPAG1, and DNAAF2 colocalize within previously unrecognized cytoplasmic foci to form an early preassembly complex. The findings suggest that a lead scaffold structure essential for motile cilia function is destroyed by proteostasis in HEATR2 mutants, leading to degradation of the whole preassembly complex and identifying the cellular mechanism for disease.
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay factors cure most [PSI+] prion variants
Authors: Son Moonil , Wickner Reed B. 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceThe [PSI+] prion (infectious protein) is an amyloid (filamentous polymer) of the Sup35 protein, producing detrimental effects on yeast. We find that at their normal expression levels the core components of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay for mRNA quality control, Upf1p, Upf2p, and Upf3p, block the propagation of most new [PSI+] prion variants. The curing mechanism relies upon both Sup35p-binding by each Upf protein and by the trimeric Upf complex. Our results support the notion that normal protein–protein interactions prevent abnormal interactions.
Extension problem of subset-controlled quasimorphisms
Authors: Kawasaki Morimichi 
Published: January 2018

Let

(
G
,
H
)

(G,H)

be

(

H
a
m

(

R

2
n

)
,

H
a
m

(

B

2
n

)
)

(\mathrm {Ham}(\mathbb {R}^{2n}),\mathrm {Ham}(\mathbb {B}^{2n}))

or

(

B
∞

,

B
n

)

(B_\infty ,B_n)

. We conjecture that any semi-homogeneous subset-controlled quasimorphism on

[
G
,
G
]

[G,G]

can be extended to a homogeneous subset-controlled quasimorphism on

G
G

and also give a theorem supporting this conjecture by using a Bavard-type duality theorem on conjugation invariant norms.
E. colitranslation strategies differ across nutrient conditions
Authors: Li Sophia Hsin-Jung , Li Zhiyuan , Park Junyoung O. , King Christopher G. , Rabinowitz Joshua D. , Wingreen Ned S. , Gitai Zemer 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFor cells to grow faster they must increase their protein production rate. Microorganisms have traditionally been thought to accomplish this increase by producing more ribosomes to enhance protein synthesis capacity, leading to the linear relationship between ribosome level and growth rate observed under most growth conditions previously examined. Past studies have suggested that this linear relationship represents an optimal resource allocation strategy for each growth rate, independent of any specific nutrient state. Here we investigate protein production strategies in continuous cultures limited for carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate, which differentially impact substrate supply for protein versus nucleic acid metabolism. Unexpectedly, we find that at slow growth rates,E. coliachieves the same protein production rate using three different strategies under the three different nutrient limitations. Upon phosphate (P) limitation, translation is slow due to a particularly low abundance of ribosomes, which are RNA-rich and thus particularly costly for phosphorous-limited cells. In nitrogen (N) limitation, translation is slowed by limited glutamine and stalling at glutamine codons, resulting is slow elongation. In carbon (C) limitation, translation is slowed by accumulation of inactive ribosomes not bound to mRNA. These extra ribosomes enable rapid growth acceleration upon nutrient upshift. Thus, bacteria tune ribosome usage across different limiting nutrients to enable balanced nutrient-limited growth while also preparing for future nutrient upshifts.
Parallel holographic illumination enables sub-millisecond two-photon optogenetic activation in mouse visual cortex in vivo
Authors: Chen I-Wen , Ronzitti Emiliano , Lee Brian R. , Daigle Tanya L. , Zeng Hongkui , Papagiakoumou Eirini , Emiliani Valentina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSelective control of action potential generation in individual cells from a neuronal ensemble is desirable for dissecting circuit mechanisms underlying perception and behavior. Here, by using two-photon (2P) temporally focused computer-generated holography (TF-CGH), we demonstrate optical manipulation of neuronal excitability at the supragranular layers of anesthetized mouse visual cortex. Utilizing amplified laser-pulses delivered via a localized holographic spot, our optical system achieves suprathreshold activation by exciting either of the three optogenetic actuators, ReaChR, CoChR or ChrimsonR, with brief illumination (≤ 10 ms) at moderate excitation power ((in average ≤ 0.2 mW/µm2 corresponding to ≤ 25 mW/cell). Using 2P-guided whole-cell or cell-attached recordings in positive neurons expressing respective opsin in vivo, we find that parallel illumination induces spikes of millisecond temporal resolution and sub-millisecond precision, which are preserved upon repetitive illuminations up to tens of Hz. Holographic stimulation thus enables temporally precise optogenetic activation independently of opsin’s channel kinetics. Furthermore, we demonstrate that parallel optogenetic activation can be combined with functional imaging for all-optical control of a neuronal sub-population that co-expresses the photosensitive opsin ReaChR and the calcium indicator GCaMP6s. Parallel optical control of neuronal activity with cellular resolution and millisecond temporal precision should be advantageous for investigating neuronal connections and further yielding causal links between connectivity, microcircuit dynamics, and brain functions.Significance statementRecent development of optogenetics allows probing the neuronal microcircuit with light by optically actuating genetically-encoded light-sensitive opsins expressed in the target cells. Here, we apply holographic light shaping and temporal focusing to simultaneously deliver axially-confined holographic patterns to opsin-positive cells situated in the living mouse cortex. Parallel illumination efficiently induces action potentials with high temporal resolution and precision for three opsins of different kinetics. We demonstrated all-optical experiments by extending the parallel optogenetic activation at low intensity to multiple neurons and concurrently monitoring their calcium dynamics. These results demonstrate fast and temporally precise in vivo control of a neuronal sub-population, opening new opportunities to reveal circuit mechanisms underlying brain functions.
Optimising the multiplicative AF model parameters for AA7075 cyclic plasticity and fatigue simulation
Authors: Agius Dylan , Kajtaz Mladenko , Kourousis Kyriakos I. , Wallbrink Chris , Hu Weiping 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThis study presents the improvements of the multicomponent Armstrong–Frederick model with multiplier (MAFM) performance through a numerical optimisation methodology available in a commercial software. Moreover, this study explores the application of a multiobjective optimisation technique for the determination of the parameters of the constitutive models using uniaxial experimental data gathered from aluminium alloy 7075-T6 specimens. This approach aims to improve the overall accuracy of stress–strain response, for not only symmetric strain-controlled loading but also asymmetrically strain- and stress-controlled loading.Design/methodology/approachExperimental data from stress- and strain-controlled symmetric and asymmetric cyclic loadings have been used for this purpose. The analysis of the influence of the parameters on simulation accuracy has led to an adjustment scheme that can be used for focused optimisation of the MAFM model performance. The method was successfully used to provide a better understanding of the influence of each model parameter on the overall simulation accuracy.FindingsThe optimisation identified an important issue associated with competing ratcheting and mean stress relaxation objectives, highlighting the issues with arriving at a parameter set that can simulate ratcheting and mean stress relaxation for load cases not reaching at complete relaxation.Practical implicationsThe study uses a strain-life fatigue application to demonstrate the importance of incorporating a technique such as the presented multiobjective optimisation method to arrive at robust parameters capable of accurately simulating a variety of transient cyclic phenomena.Originality/valueThe proposed methodology improves the accuracy of cyclic plasticity phenomena and strain-life fatigue simulations for engineering applications. This study is considered a valuable contribution for the engineering community, as it can act as starting point for further exploration of the benefits that can be obtained through material parameter optimisation methodologies for models of the MAFM class.
Comparative analysis of numerical methods for the determination of contact pattern of spiral bevel gears
Authors: Marciniec Adam , Pacana Jacek , Pisula Jadwiga Malgorzata , Fudali Pawel 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to present a comparison of numerical methods for determining the contact pattern of Gleason-type bevel gears. The mathematical model of tooth contact analysis and the finite element method were taken into consideration. Conclusions have been drawn regarding the usefulness of the considered methods and the compatibility of results. The object of the analysis was a bevel gear characterised by an 18:43 gear ratio and arc tooth line, and manufactured according to the spiral generated modified-roll method.

Design/methodology/approach
The mathematical model of tooth contact analysis consists of both the mathematical model of tooth generating and the mathematical model of operating gear set. The first model is used to generate tooth flanks of the pinion and the ring gear in the form of grids of points. Then, such tooth surfaces are used for the tooth contact analysis performed with the other model. It corresponds to the no-load gear meshing condition. The finite element method model was built on the basis of the same tooth flanks obtained with the former model. The commercial finite element method software Abaqus was used to perform two instances of the contact analysis: a very light load, corresponding to the former no-load condition, and the operating load condition. The results obtained using the two models, in the form of the contact pattern for no-load condition, were compared. The effect of heavy load on contact pattern position, shape and size was shown and discussed.

Findings
The mathematical models correctly reproduce the shape, position and size of the contact pattern; thus, they can be reliably used to assess the quality of the bevel gear at the early stage of its design.

Practical implications
Determination of the correct geometry of the flank surfaces of the gear and pinion teeth through the observation of contact pattern is a fundamental step in designing of a new aircraft bevel gear.

Originality/value
A possibility of the independent use of the mathematical analysis of the contact pattern has been shown, which, thanks to the compatibility of the results, does not have to be verified experimentally.
Coatings characterization of Ni-based alloy applied by HVOF
Authors: Cabral Miramontes José , Pedraza Basulto Gabriela Karina , Gaona Tiburcio Citlalli , Zambrano Robledo Patricia Del Carmen , Poblano Salas Carlos Agustín , Almeraya Calderón Facundo 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The thermal spraying technique of High-Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) coating was used to deposit coatings of an alloy composed of Ni-based substrates on stainless steel AISI 304. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanical properties such as hardness and bond strength that these coatings have when the spray distance is varied, as well as the microstructure and phases formed during the thermal spray process.

Design/methodology/approach
The coatings were applied by HVOF and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, image analysis, X-ray diffraction, microhardness and bond strength to analyze the mechanical properties.

Findings
The microstructure of the coatings showed low porosity, oxide content and interface contamination in the substrate–coating interface, without the presence of unmolten particles. The microhardness values reached 600 HV for the three spray distances used and the bond strength values reached over 55 MPa.

Practical implications
The use of coatings on aircraft components is growing dramatically owing to the high costs of advanced materials and the growing lifecycle requirements for high-performance systems, which are taken into account because of the variety of coatings and complexity of environmental factors.

Originality/value
The originality of this study lies in the development of new coating materials for the manufacture and protection of various turbine components. The value is based on the development of materials and processes to be used to manufacture them.
Bayesian filtering based on solving the Fokker-Planck equation
Authors: Wang Xiaogang , Qin Wutao , Wang Yu , Cui Naigang 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to propose Bayesian filtering based on solving the Fokker–Planck equation, to improve the accuracy of filtering in non-Gauss case. Nonlinear filtering plays an important role in many science and engineering fields for estimating the state of dynamic system, but the existing filtering algorithms are mainly used for solving the problem of Gauss system.

Design/methodology/approach
Under the Bayesian framework, the time update of this filtering is based on solving Fokker–Planck equation, while the measurement update uses the Bayes formula directly. Therefore, this novel algorithm can be applied to nonlinear, non-Gaussian estimation. To reduce the computational complexity due to standard meshing, an adaptive meshing algorithm proposed which includes the coarse meshing, significant domain determination that is generated using extended Kalman filtering and Chebyshev’s inequality theorem, and value assignment for significant domain. Simulations are conducted on a reentry body tracking problem to demonstrate the effectiveness of this novel algorithm.

Findings
In this way, finer grid points can be placed in the regions with high conditional probability density, while the grid points with low conditional probability density can be neglected. The simulation results indicate that the novel algorithm can reduce the computational burden significantly compared to the standard meshing, while achieving similar accuracy.

Practical implications
A novel Bayesian filtering based on solving the Fokker–Planck equation using adaptive meshing is proposed, and the simulations show that algorithm can reduce the computational burden significantly compared to the standard meshing, while achieving similar accuracy.

Originality/value
A novel nonlinear filtering based on solving the Fokker–Planck equation is proposed. The novel algorithm is suitable for non-Gauss system, and can achieve similar accuracy compared to the standard meshing with the significant reduction of computational burden.