bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haemodynamic effects of umbilical cord milking in premature sheep during the neonatal transition
Authors: Blank Douglas A , Polglase Graeme R , Kluckow Martin , Gill Andrew William , Crossley Kelly J , Moxham Alison , Rodgers Karyn , Zahra Valerie , Inocencio Ishmael , Stenning Fiona , LaRosa Domeic A , Davis Peter G , Hooper Stuart B 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveUmbilical cord milking (UCM) at birth may benefit preterm infants, but the physiological effects of UCM are unknown. We compared the physiological effects of two UCM strategies with immediate umbilical cord clamping (UCC) and physiological-based cord clamping (PBCC) in preterm lambs.MethodsAt 126 days’ gestational age, fetal lambs were exteriorised, intubated and instrumented to measure umbilical, pulmonary and cerebral blood flows and arterial pressures. Lambs received either (1) UCM without placental refill (UCMwoPR); (2) UCM with placental refill (UCMwPR); (3) PBCC, whereby ventilation commenced prior to UCC; or (4) immediate UCC. UCM involved eight milks along a 10 cm length of cord, followed by UCC.ResultsA net volume of blood was transferred into the lamb during UCMwPR (8.8 mL/kg, IQR 8–10, P=0.01) but not during UCMwoPR (0 mL/kg, IQR −2.8 to 1.7) or PBCC (1.1 mL/kg, IQR −1.3 to 4.3). UCM had no effect on pulmonary blood flow, but caused large fluctuations in mean carotid artery pressures (MBP) and blood flows (CABF). In UCMwoPR and UCMwPR lambs, MBP increased by 12%±1% and 8%±1% and CABF increased by 32%±2% and 15%±2%, respectively, with each milk. Cerebral oxygenation decreased the least in PBCC lambs (17%, IQR 13–26) compared with UCMwoPR (26%, IQR 23–25, P=0.03), UCMwPR (35%, IQR 27–44, P=0.02) and immediate UCC (34%, IQR 28–41, P=0.02) lambs.ConclusionsUCMwoPR failed to provide placental transfusion, and UCM strategies caused considerable haemodynamic disturbance. UCM does not provide the same physiological benefits of PBCC. Further review of UCM is warranted before adoption into routine clinical practice.
Association between hospitalisation for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions and primary health care physician specialisation: a cross-sectional ecological study in Curitiba (Brazil)
Authors: Afonso Marcelo P D , Shimizu Helena E , Merchan-Hamann Edgar , Ramalho Walter M , Afonso Tarcisio 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionHospitalisation for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (HACSCs) is frequently used as an indicator of the quality and effectiveness of primary healthcare (PHC) services around the world. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the PHC model (family health strategy (FHS) x conventional) and the availability of specialised PHC physicians is associated or not with total hospitalisation or HACSCs in the National Health System (SUS) of the municipality of Curitiba, Paraná state (PR), Brazil.MethodologyThis is a cross-sectional ecological study using multiple linear regression with socioeconomic and professional data from municipal health units (MHUs) between 1 April 2014 and 31 March 2015.ResultsAfter adjustment for age and sex and control of socioeconomic variables, the FHS model was associated with six fewer HACSCs a year per 10 000 inhabitants in relation to the conventional model and the availability of one family physician at each FHS model MHU per 10 000 inhabitants was associated with 1.1 fewer HACSCs for heart failure a year per 10 000 inhabitants. Basic specialists (clinicians, paediatricians and obstetrician/gynaecologists) and subspecialists showed no significant association with HACSC rates.ConclusionThese results obtained in a major Brazilian city reinforce the role of FHS as a priority PHC model in the country and indicate the potentially significant impact of specialising in family medicine on improving the health conditions of the population.
Association between exercise and the risk of dementia: results from a nationwide longitudinal study in China
Authors: Zhou Zi , Fu Jian , Hong Y. Alicia , Wang Ping , Fang Ya 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to examine the causal association between exercise and the risk of dementia among older Chinese adults.DesignLongitudinal population-based study with a follow-up duration of 9 years.SettingData for the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey waves occurring from 2002 to 2011–2012 were extracted from the survey database.ParticipantsIn total, 7501 dementia-free subjects who were older than 65 years were included at baseline. Dementia was defined as a self-reported or proxy-reported physician’s diagnosis of the disease.Outcome measures and methodsRegular exercise and potential confounding variables were obtained via a self-report questionnaire. We generated longitudinal logistic regression models based on time-lagged generalised estimating equation to examine the causal association between exercise and dementia risk.ResultsOf the 7501 older Chinese people included in this study, 338 developed dementia during the 9-year follow-up period after excluding those who were lost to follow-up or deceased. People who regularly exercised had lower odds of developing dementia (OR=0.53, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.85) than those who did not exercise regularly.ConclusionRegular exercise was associated with decreased risk of dementia. Policy-makers should develop effective public health programmes and build exercise-friendly environments for the general public.
Stigma towards mental illness among medical and nursing students in Singapore: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chang Sherilyn , Ong Hui Lin , Seow Esmond , Chua Boon Yiang , Abdin Edimansyah , Samari Ellaisha , Teh Wen Lin , Chong Siow Ann , Subramaniam Mythily 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo assess stigma towards people with mental illness among Singapore medical and nursing students using the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC), and to examine the relationship of students’ stigmatising attitudes with sociodemographic and education factors.Design and settingCross-sectional study conducted in SingaporeParticipantsThe study was conducted among 1002 healthcare (502 medical and 500 nursing) students during April to September 2016. Students had to be Singapore citizens or permanent residents and enrolled in public educational institutions to be included in the study. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 21.3 (3.3) years, with the majority being females (71.1%). 75.2% of the participants were Chinese, 14.1% were Malays, and 10.7% were either Indians or of other ethnicity.MethodsFactor analysis was conducted to validate the OMS-HC scale in the study sample and to examine its factor structure. Descriptive statistics and multivariate linear regression were used to examine sociodemographic and education correlates.ResultsFactor analysis revealed a three-factor structure with 14 items. The factors were labelled as attitudes towards help-seeking and people with mental illness, social distance and disclosure. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that medical students were found to be associated with lower total OMS-HC scores (P<0.05), less negative attitudes (P<0.001) and greater disclosure (P<0.05) than nursing students. Students who had a monthly household income of below S$4000 had more unfavourable attitudes than those with an income of SGD$10 000 and above (P<0.05). Having attended clinical placement was associated with more negative attitudes (P<0.05) among the students.ConclusionHealthcare students generally possessed positive attitudes towards help-seeking and persons with mental illness, though they preferred not to disclose their own mental health condition. Academic curriculum may need to enhance the component of mental health training, particularly on reducing stigma in certain groups of students.
Correlates of compliance with national comprehensive smoke-free laws
Authors: Peruga Armando , Hayes Luminita S , Aguilera Ximena , Prasad Vinayak , Bettcher Douglas W 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo explore correlates of high compliance with smoking bans in a cross-sectional data set from the 41 countries with national comprehensive smoke-free laws in 2014 and complete data on compliance and enforcement.MethodsOutcome variable: compliance with a national comprehensive smoke-free law in each country was obtained for 2014 from the WHO global report on the global tobacco epidemic. Explanatory variables: legal enforcement requirements, penalties, infrastructure and strategy were obtained through a separate survey of governments. Also, country socioeconomic and demographic characteristics including the level of corruption control were included. Analysis: an initial bivariate analysis determined the significance of each potentially relevant explanatory variable of high compliance. Differences in compliance were tested using the exact logistic regression.ResultsHigh compliance with the national comprehensive smoke-free law was associated with the involvement of the local jurisdictions in providing training and/or guidance for inspections (OR=10.3, 95% CI 1.7 to 117.7) and a perception of high corruption control efforts in the country (OR=7.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 85.8).DiscussionThe results show the importance of the depth of the enforcement infrastructure and effort represented by the degree to which the local government is involved in enforcement. They also show the significance of fighting corruption in the enforcement process, including the attempts of the tobacco industry to undermine the process, to achieve high levels of compliance with the law. The results point out to the need to invest minimal but essential enforcement resources given that national comprehensive smoke-free laws are self-enforcing in many but not all countries and sectors.
A new form of nicotine retailers: a systematic review of the sales and marketing practices of vape shops
Authors: Lee Joseph G L , Orlan Elizabeth N , Sewell Kerry B , Ribisl Kurt M 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveRetailers that primarily or exclusively sell electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) or vaping products represent a new category of tobacco retailer. We sought to identify (a) how vape shops can be identified and (b) sales and marketing practices of vape shops.Data sourcesA medical librarian iteratively developed a search strategy and in February 2017 searched seven academic databases (ABI/INFORM Complete, ECONLit, Embase, Entrepreneurship, PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus). We hand searched Tobacco Regulatory Science and Tobacco Prevention & Cessation.Study selectionWe used dual, independent screening. Records were eligible if published in 2010 or later, were peer-reviewed journal articles and focused on vape shops.Data extractionWe used dual, independent data abstraction and assessed risk of bias. Of the 3605 records identified, 22 were included.Data synthesisWe conducted a narrative systematic review. Researchers relied heavily on Yelp to identify vape shops. Vape shop owners use innovative marketing strategies that sometimes diverge from those of traditional tobacco retailers. Vape shop staff believe strongly that their products are effective harm-reduction products. Vape shops were more common in areas with more White residents.ConclusionsVape shops represent a new type of retailer for tobacco products. Vape shops have potential to promote e-cigarettes for smoking cessation but also sometimes provide inaccurate information and mislabelled products. Given their spatial patterning, vape shops may perpetuate inequities in tobacco use. The growing literature on vape shops is complicated by researchers using different definitions of vape shops (eg, exclusively selling e-cigarettes vs also selling traditional tobacco products).
Pair production processes and flavor in gauge-invariant perturbation theory
Authors: Egger Larissa , Maas Axel , Sondenheimer René 
Published: December 2017

Gauge-invariant perturbation theory is an extension of ordinary perturbation theory which describes strictly gauge-invariant states in theories with a Brout–Englert–Higgs effect. Such gauge-invariant states are composite operators which have necessarily only global quantum numbers. As a consequence, flavor is exchanged for custodial quantum numbers in the Standard Model, recreating the fermion spectrum in the process. Here, we study the implications of such a description, possibly also for the generation structure of the Standard Model.In particular, this implies that scattering processes are essentially bound-state–bound-state interactions, and require a suitable description. We analyze the implications for the pair-production process [Formula: see text] at a linear collider to leading order. We show how ordinary perturbation theory is recovered as the leading contribution. Using a PDF-type language, we also assess the impact of sub-leading contributions. To lowest order, we find that the result is mainly influenced by how large the contribution of the Higgs at large [Formula: see text] is. This gives an interesting, possibly experimentally testable, scenario for the formal field theory underlying the electroweak sector of the Standard Model.
Emerging Role of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for MicroRNAs Editing in Cancer Research
Authors: Aquino-Jarquin Guillermo 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small, noncoding RNA molecules with a master role in the regulation of important tasks in different critical processes of cancer pathogenesis. Because there are different miRNAs implicated in all the stages of cancer, for example, functioning as oncogenes, this makes these small molecules suitable targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. RNA-mediated interference has been one major approach for sequence-specific regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic organisms. Recently, the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 system, first identified in bacteria and archaea as an adaptive immune response to invading genetic material, has been explored as a sequence-specific molecular tool for editing genomic sequences for basic research in life sciences and for therapeutic purposes. There is growing evidence that small noncoding RNAs, including miRNAs, can be targeted by the CRISPR/Cas9 system despite their lacking an open reading frame to evaluate functional loss. Thus, CRISPR/Cas9 technology represents a novel gene-editing strategy with compelling robustness, specificity, and stability for the modification of miRNA expression. Here, I summarize key features of current knowledge of genomic editing by CRISPR/Cas9 technology as a feasible strategy for globally interrogating miRNA gene function and miRNA-based therapeutic intervention. Alternative emerging strategies for nonviral delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 core components into human cells in a clinical context are also analyzed critically. Cancer Res; 77(24); 6812–7. ©2017 AACR.
Inhibition of ID1–BMPR2 Intrinsic Signaling Sensitizes Glioma Stem Cells to Differentiation Therapy
Authors: Jin Xiong , Jin Xun , Kim Leo J.Y. , Dixit Deobrat , Jeon Hee-Young , Kim Eun-Jung , Kim Jun-Kyum , Lee Seon Yong , Yin Jinlong , Rich Jeremy N. , Kim Hyunggee 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurpose: Normal stem cells tightly control self-renewal and differentiation during development, but their neoplastic counterparts, cancer stem cells (CSCs), sustain tumorigenicity both through aberrant activation of stemness and evasion of differentiation. Although regulation of CSC stemness has been extensively studied, the molecular mechanisms suppressing differentiation remain unclear.Experimental Design: We performed in silico screening and in vitro validation studies through Western blotting, qRT-PCR for treatment of WNT and SHH signaling inhibitors, and BMP signaling inducer with control and ID1-overexpressing cells. We also performed in vivo drug treatment assays with Balb/c nude mice.Results: Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) abrogated differentiation signals from bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR) signaling in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) to promote self-renewal. ID1 inhibited BMPR2 expression through miRNAs, miR-17 and miR-20a, which are transcriptional targets of MYC. ID1 increases MYC expression by activating WNT and SHH signaling. Combined pharmacologic blockade of WNT and SHH signaling with BMP treatment significantly suppressed GSC self-renewal and extended survival of tumor-bearing mice.Conclusions: Collectively, our results suggested that ID1 simultaneously regulates stemness through WNT and SHH signaling and differentiation through BMPR-mediated differentiation signaling in GSCs, informing a novel therapeutic strategy of combinatorial targeting of stemness and differentiation. Clin Cancer Res; 24(2); 383–94. ©2017 AACR.
CXCR4 Is a Potential Target for Diagnostic PET/CT Imaging in Barrett's Dysplasia and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fang Hsin-Yu , Münch Natasha Stephens , Schottelius Margret , Ingermann Jonas , Liu Haibo , Schauer Michael , Stangl Stefan , Multhoff Gabriele , Steiger Katja , Gerngroß Carlos , Jesinghaus Moritz , Weichert Wilko , Kühl Anja A. , Sepulveda Antonia R. , Wester Hans-Jürgen , Wang Timothy C. , Quante Michael 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Barrett's esophagus represents an early stage in carcinogenesis leading to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Considerable evidence supports a major role for chronic inflammation and diverse chemokine pathways in the development of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Experimental Design: Here we utilized an IL1β transgenic mouse model of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma and human patient imaging to analyze the importance of CXCR4-expressing cells during esophageal carcinogenesis.
Results: IL1β overexpression induces chronic esophageal inflammation and recapitulates the progression to Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. CXCR4 expression is increased in both epithelial and immune cells during disease progression in pL2-IL1β mice and also elevated in esophageal adenocarcinoma patient biopsy samples. Specific recruitment of CXCR4-positive (CXCR4+) immune cells correlated with dysplasia progression, suggesting that this immune population may be a key contributor to esophageal carcinogenesis. Similarly, with progression to dysplasia, there were increased numbers of CXCR4+ columnar epithelial cells at the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ). These findings were supported by stronger CXCR4-related signal intensity in ex vivo fluorescence imaging and autoradiography with advanced dysplasia. Pilot CXCR4-directed PET/CT imaging studies in patients with esophageal cancer demonstrate the potential utility of CXCR4 imaging for the diagnosis and staging of esophageal cancer.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the recruitment of CXCR4+ immune cells and expansion of CXCR4+ epithelial cells in esophageal dysplasia and cancer highlight the potential of CXCR4 as a biomarker and molecular target for diagnostic imaging of the tumor microenvironment in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 1048–61. ©2017 AACR.
Biomarkers of Primary Resistance to Trastuzumab in HER2-Positive Metastatic Gastric Cancer Patients: the AMNESIA Case-Control Study
Authors: Pietrantonio Filippo , Fucà Giovanni , Morano Federica , Gloghini Annunziata , Corso Simona , Aprile Giuseppe , Perrone Federica , De Vita Ferdinando , Tamborini Elena , Tomasello Gianluca , Gualeni Ambra Vittoria , Ongaro Elena , Busico Adele , Giommoni Elisa , Volpi Chiara Costanza , Laterza Maria Maddalena , Corallo Salvatore , Prisciandaro Michele , Antista Maria , Pellegrinelli Alessandro , Castagnoli Lorenzo , Pupa Serenella M. , Pruneri Giancarlo , de Braud Filippo , Giordano Silvia , Cremolini Chiara , Di Bartolomeo Maria 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Refining the selection of HER2-positive metastatic gastric cancer patient candidates for trastuzumab is a challenge of precision oncology. Preclinical studies have suggested several genomic mechanisms of primary resistance, leading to activation of tyrosine kinase receptors other than HER2 or downstream signaling pathways.
Experimental Design: We carried out this multicenter, prospective, case-control study to demonstrate the negative predictive impact of a panel of candidate genomic alterations (AMNESIA panel), including EGFR/MET/KRAS/PI3K/PTEN mutations and EGFR/MET/KRAS amplifications. Hypothesizing a prevalence of candidate alterations of 30% and 0% in resistant and sensitive HER2-positive patients, respectively, 20 patients per group were needed.
Results: AMNESIA panel alterations were significantly more frequent in resistant (11 of 20, 55%) as compared with sensitive (0% of 17) patients (P &lt; 0.001), and in HER2 IHC 2+ (7 of 13, 53.8%) than 3+ (4 of 24, 16.7%) tumors (P = 0.028). Patients with tumors bearing no candidate alterations had a significantly longer median progression-free [5.2 vs. 2.6 months; HR, 0.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.07–0.48; P = 0.001] and overall survival (16.1 vs. 7.6 months; HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.09–0.75; P = 0.015). The predictive accuracy of the AMNESIA panel and HER2 IHC was 76% and 65%, respectively. The predictive accuracy of the combined evaluation of the AMNESIA panel and HER2 IHC was 84%.
Conclusions: Our panel of candidate genomic alterations may be clinically useful to predict primary resistance to trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive metastatic gastric cancer and should be further validated with the aim of molecularly stratifying HER2-addicted cancers for the development of novel treatment strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 1082–9. ©2017 AACR.
CNS Endothelial Cell Activation Emerges as a Driver of CAR T Cell–Associated Neurotoxicity
Authors: Mackall Crystal L. , Miklos David B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Summary: Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity associated with chimeric antigen receptor–based therapeutics has emerged as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and insights into the pathophysiology of this syndrome have been lacking. A new study provides evidence that cytokine-induced CNS endothelial cell activation leading to disruption of the blood–brain barrier plays an early and critical role in this phenomenon. These insights provide new opportunities for targeted therapeutic interventions to modulate endothelial cell activation. Cancer Discov; 7(12); 1371–3. ©2017 AACR.
See related article by Gust et al., p. 1404.
Predicting Relapse with Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis in Lung Cancer
Authors: Comino-Mendez Iñaki , Turner Nicholas 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Summary: Advances in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis are revealing new treatment strategies for patients with cancer. Detection of residual disease with ctDNA analysis predicts relapse with high accuracy after treatment for early-stage lung cancer. Cancer Discov; 7(12); 1368–70. ©2017 AACR.
See related article by Chaudhuri et al., p. 1394.
Discos em construção – Etnografia dentro de estúdios
Authors: Del Picchia Paulo Menotti 
Published: December 2017

Neste artigo, apresento uma etnografia musical de processos de produçãode discos dentro de estúdios paulistanos, descrevendo e discutindo as práticascriativas observadas. Entre 2011 e 2013, pude acompanhar de perto ostrabalhos de três artistas ativos na cena musical paulistana contemporânea: TatáAeroplano, Rodrigo Campos e Kiko Dinucci. Trago aqui as experiências etnográficasdo disco Tatá Aeroplano e do disco Metal-Metal. Procurei delimitar osaspectos mais significativos que caracterizam o fazer musical desse grupo sonoro,fornecendo indícios para uma reconfiguração do disco como objeto artístico nocenário musical contemporâneo. O disco emerge como agente social que transforma a vida dos artistas.