bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology Optimization by Non‐Halogenated and Twisted Volatile Solid Additive for High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Linze , Yun Maojin , Qin Jianqiang , Huang Sihao , Ou Zeping , Li Qian , Wang Xiaowu , Yuan Wenqian , Dong Li , Cheng Xi , Yang Yingguo , Zheng Yujie , Sun Kuan , Zhang Zeyu , Hu Zhiping , Liu Zhengzheng , Leng Yuxin , Du Juan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecently, volatile solid additives have attracted tremendous interest in the field of organic solar cells (OSCs), which can effectively improve device efficiency without sacrificing the reproducibility and stability of the device. However, the structure of reported solid additives is onefold and its working mechanism needs to be further investigated. Herein, a novel non‐halogenated and twisted solid additive 1,4‐diphenoxybenzene (DPB) is employed to optimize the morphology of the active layer in OSCs. The properties of additive DPB, morphology of active layer, and carrier dynamics behaviors have been systematically investigated through theoretical calculations, in situ and ex situ spectroscopy, grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS), and grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) measurement, as well as ultrafast spectroscopy technology. The results reveal that the twisted additive DPB selectively interacts with acceptor Y6, and thus forms optimized morphology of active layer with increased molecular crystallinity, tight molecular packing, and favorable phase separation. As a result, the optimized devices deliver a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.04%, which is the highest value for the D18‐Cl:N3 system to date. These results demonstrate that non‐halogenated and twisted solid additive DPB has broad prospects in the preparation of highly efficient OSCs, providing theoretical and experimental guidance for the development of high‐performance solid additives.
Reflecting on a Decade of Evolution: MapReduce‐Based Advances in Partitioning‐Based, Hierarchical‐Based, and Density‐Based Clustering (2013–2023)
Authors: Sardar Tanvir Habib 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe traditional clustering algorithms are not appropriate for large real‐world datasets or big data, which is attributable to computational expensiveness and scalability issues. As a solution, the last decade's research headed towards distributed clustering using the MapReduce framework. This study conducts a bibliometric review to assess, establish, and measure the patterns and trends of the MapReduce‐based partitioning, hierarchical, and density clustering algorithms over the past decade (2013–2023). A digital text‐mining‐based comprehensive search technique with multiple field‐specific keywords, inclusion measures, and exclusion criteria is employed to obtain the research landscape from the Scopus database. The Scopus‐obtained data is analyzed using the VOSViewer software tool and coded using the R statistical analysis tool. The analysis identifies the numbers of scholarly articles, diversities of article sources, their impact and growth patterns, details of most influential authors and co‐authors, most cited articles, most contributing affiliations and countries, and their collaborations, use of different keywords and their impact, and so forth. The study further explores the articles and reports the methodologies employed for designing MapReduce‐based counterparts of traditional partitioning, hierarchical, and density clustering algorithms and their optimizations and hybridizations. Finally, the study lists the main research challenges encountered in the past decade for MapReduce‐based partitioning, hierarchical, and density clustering. It suggests possible areas for future research to contribute further in this field.
Synthesis and Structure of Rhenium and Manganese Carbonyl Complexes Bearing a Thiosaccharinate Ligand
Authors: Rahman Robinur , Kumar Saha Sanjoy , Hosen Shakil , Rajbangshi Subas , Nesterov Vladimir N. , Ghosh Shishir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe reactions of [M2(CO)8(NCMe)2] (M=Re, Mn) with thiosaccharin (tsacH) have been investigated. TsacH reacts with [Re2(CO)8(NCMe)2] at room temperature to furnish [Re2(CO)8(μ‐H)(μ‐sac‐κN,S)] (1) and [Re(CO)5(sac‐κS)] (2), while a similar reaction with [Mn2(CO)8(NCMe)2] affords only [Mn(CO)5(sac‐κS)] (3). The dinuclear 1 contains a bridging tsac ligand coordinated to both rhenium centers using the nitrogen and thiocarbonylic sulfur atoms, while the tsac ligand is bonded to the metal center only through the sulfur atom in mononuclear 2 and 3. The molecular structures of 1–3 have also been determined by X‐ray crystallography.
Labour Exploitation as a Continuum, Human Dignity, and Vulnerability
Authors: Palumbo Letizia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the notion of labour exploitation, following on from the previous chapter’s examination of the notions of slavery, forced labour, and trafficking in the international legal framework. While international and European instruments provide definitions of slavery, forced labour, and trafficking, the boundaries between these legal concepts are porous. Institutional attention at both international and national levels on the issue of trafficking or so-called modern slavery has increased in recent years, with the risk of overlooking the complexity of labour exploitation, which can take on different shapes and gradations. Building on these considerations, Chap. 2 unpacks the legal and theoretical conceptions of labour exploitation and the related concepts of human dignity and vulnerability. In particular, it explores these notions in relevant international and European legal instruments, as well as in significant case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), while drawing on relevant legal and social literature. In so doing, this chapter, in line with Chap. 1, highlights the conceptual framework and perspectives underlying the analysis carried out in this book.
Introduction
Authors: Rousi Rebekah , von Koskull Catharina , Roto Virpi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract.Humane autonomous technology—re-thinking experience with and in intelligent systems invites the reader to engage in a range of issues that span across sectors and disciplines. Ultimately, the core issue of artificial intelligence (AI) is a cultural one. Yet, we see that cultural underpinnings stemming from the heart of AI, bleed through to all areas of society. This introduction gives a brief oversight on the concept of humane, while explaining current issues pertaining to ethics in AI and how these relate to the present book. The introduction presents the featured contributions that range from labour, service and industry, to creativity, design and visual art.
Dishonesty Through AI: Can Robots Engage in Lying Behavior?
Authors: Witell Lars , Snyder Hannah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis book chapter addresses how artificial intelligence (AI) engages in lying behavior in service encounters when customers interact with it when booking trips, investing money, or using customer service. The chapter concerns how AI learns from human behavior and how it practices the ethics of humans in service encounters. We identify three types of lying behavior from AI: (a) hallucinatory lying behavior, (b) manipulative lying behavior, and (c) directed lying behavior. Further, we show that mechanical AI, thinking AI, and feeling AI engage in these behaviors to different extents. By becoming familiar with concepts such as corporate digital responsibility and AI lying behavior, managers of service firms will be better equipped to provide service in the future.
The Cultivated Practices of Text-to-Image Generation
Authors: Oppenlaender Jonas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHumankind is entering a novel creative era in which anybody can synthesise digital information using generative artificial intelligence (AI). Text-to-image generation, in particular, has become vastly popular and millions of practitioners produce AI-generated images and AI art online. This chapter first gives an overview of the key developments that enabled a healthy co-creative online ecosystem around text-to-image generation to rapidly emerge, followed by a high-level description of key elements in this ecosystem. A particular focus is placed on prompt engineering, a creative practice that has been embraced by the AI art community. It is then argued that the emerging co-creative ecosystem constitutes an intelligent system on its own—a system that both supports human creativity, but also potentially entraps future generations and limits future development efforts in AI. The chapter discusses the potential risks and dangers of cultivating this co-creative ecosystem, such as the bias inherent in today’s training data, potential quality degradation in future image generation systems due to synthetic data becoming common place, and the potential long-term effects of text-to-image generation on people’s imagination, ambitions, and development.
Social Robot Design and the Aesthetics of Imperfection
Authors: Rousi Rebekah , Haimes Paul 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHumans are, by nature and nurture, flawed from the outset in a variety of physical and socio-psychological ways. Humans strive however, to achieve perfection within themselves and phenomena around them. Human imperfection can be seen as an impetus behind all technological development. Technology augments human abilities and compensates for limitations. From an aesthetic perspective, little has been said about the role of imperfection and its connection to spirituality in human-robot interaction. The influence that spirituality has on aesthetic experience, and particularly the perception of imperfection seems greatly neglected in contemporary human-technology discourse. In this chapter, the authors explain the potential for instrumental aesthetic imperfection through the lens of Japanese philosophy and Christianity by drawing on Kierkegaard’s three stages of life in light of human-technology interaction paradigms, practical design considerations and Wabi-Sabi.
Gewichtsentwicklung in den ersten 10 Lebensjahren in Tirol
Authors: Müller Valentina , Ndayisaba Jean-Pierre , Scholl-Bürgi Sabine , Karall Daniela 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Übergewicht und Adipositas stellen v. a. im Kindesalter ein gesundheitspolitisches Problem dar. Mit Daten aus der Erhebung „Ernährung des Säuglings und Kleinkindes in Tirol“ von 2009 bot sich eine Analyse der Gewichtsentwicklung an, um Einflüsse auf den Gewichtsverlauf in den ersten Lebensjahren zu verstehen und eine Grundlage für präventivmedizinische Maßnahmen zu schaffen.

Methodik
Von den ursprgl. 555 in die Erhebung eingeschlossenen Kindern standen von 209 Daten aus Fragebogenerhebungen der ersten 2 Lebensjahre sowie im Alter von 7-9 Jahren zur Verfügung. Der Fokus lag auf der Verteilung des Body-Mass-Index (BMI) sowie der Untersuchung möglicher früher Einflussfaktoren auf die Entwicklung einer Adipositas. Es wurden der elterliche BMI, das Geburtsgewicht, die frühkindliche Gewichtszunahme, das Stillverhalten und weitere potenziell beeinflussende Faktoren betrachtet.

Ergebnisse
Im Alter von 7-9 Jahren sind 6,2 % der Kinder übergewichtig, 2,4 % adipös mit einem BMI über der 97. Perzentile, 79,9 % der Kinder sind normalgewichtig (10.-90. Perzentile). Untergewicht ist bei 11,5 % der Kinder nachweisbar, 5,8 % mit einem BMI unter der 3er-Perzentile. Als beeinflussende Faktoren sind der elterliche BMI und die Geburtsperzentile signifikant. Weitere Faktoren zeigten keinen signifikanten Einfluss.

Diskussion
Je niedriger die geburtliche Perzentile, desto höher die Wahrscheinlichkeit, im Alter von ca. 10 Jahren untergewichtig zu sein, bzw. je höher die Geburtsperzentile, desto größer das Risiko, an Adipositas zu erkranken. Daher sollten Interventionen zur Vermeidung von Übergewicht bereits das vorgeburtliche Stadium umfassen. Nur unter Einbeziehung der Eltern, deren Verhalten den Gewichtsverlauf ihrer Kinder beeinflusst, kann eine sinnvolle Prävention von Übergewicht und Adipositas erfolgen.
Statistical models for classification by handedness of Olympic Trap shooters in digital training services and remote coaching
Authors: Zanardelli Riccardo , Carpita Maurizio , Manisera Marica 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we address the problem of classification by handedness of Olympic Trap shooters applying statistical methods to newly available data gathered from the field. We assess the performance of binary classification models based on KNN and Binary Regression, with both symmetric and asymmetric link functions, in a context characterized by unbalanced data. Our results show promising classification performance, suitable for first non-critical applications in data driven training services and remote coaching, encouraging further future research.
Equidistribution of non-uniformly stretching translates of shrinking smooth curves and weighted Dirichlet approximation
Authors: Shah Nimish A. , Yang Pengyu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractConsider the action of $$a_t=\textrm{diag}(e^{nt},e^{-r_1(t)},\ldots ,e^{-r_n(t)})\in \textrm{SL}(n+1,{\mathbb {R}})$$

a
t

=
diag

(

e

nt

,

e

-

r
1

(
t
)

,
…
,

e

-

r
n

(
t
)

)

∈
SL

(
n
+
1
,
R
)

, where $$r_i(t)\rightarrow \infty $$

r
i

(
t
)

→
∞

for each i, on the space of unimodular lattices in $${\mathbb {R}}^{n+1}$$

R

n
+
1

. We show that $$a_t$$

a
t

-translates of segments of size $$e^{-t}$$

e

-
t

about all except countably many points of a nondegenerate smooth horospherical curve get equidistributed in the space as $$t\rightarrow \infty $$

t
→
∞

. This result implies that the weighted Dirichlet approximation theorem cannot be improved for almost all points on any nondegenerate $$C^{2n}$$

C

2
n

curve in $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

. These results extend the corresponding results for translates of fixed pieces of analytic curves due to Shah (2010) as well as those for uniform translates of shrinking curves due to Shah and Yang (2023), and answer some questions inspired by the work of Davenport and Schmidt (1969) and Kleinbock and Weiss (2008).
Toric configuration spaces: the bipermutahedron and beyond
Authors: Nabijou Navid 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe establish faithful tropicalisation for point configurations on algebraic tori. Building on ideas from enumerative geometry, we introduce tropical scaffolds and use them to construct a system of modular fan structures on the tropical configuration spaces. The corresponding toric varieties provide modular compactifications of the algebraic configuration spaces, with boundary parametrising transverse configurations on tropical expansions. The rubber torus, used to identify equivalent configurations, plays a key role. As an application, we obtain a modular interpretation for the bipermutahedral variety.
Diacerein and myo-inositol alleviate letrozole-induced PCOS via modulation of HMGB1, SIRT1, and NF-kB: A comparative study
Authors: Khodir Suzan A. , Sweed Eman , Motawea Shaimaa Mohamed , Al-Gholam Marwa A. , Elnaidany Sherin Sobhy , Dayer Mohamed Zakaria Sayer , Ameen Omnia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent cause of anovulatory infertility in women. Myo-inositol supplementation has displayed effectiveness in curing PCOS patients. Diacerein, an anti-inflammatory medication, has not been extensively studied in the context of reproductive disorders. This study aimed to compare the role of myo-inositol and diacerein in PCOS and the probable mechanisms mediating their actions. Forty adult female rats were divided equally into the following: control, PCOS, PCOS+Myo-inositol, and PCOS+Diacerein groups. Rats were subjected to arterial blood pressure (ABP), electromyography (EMG), and uterine reactivity measurements. Blood samples were collected for measuring hormonal assays, glycemic state, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. Ovaries and uteri were extracted for histological examination, including hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson’s trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry, and rt-PCR analysis of ovarian tissues. PCOS was associated with significant increases in ABP, uterine frequency and amplitude of contraction, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, lipid, glycemic and inflammatory markers, malondialdehyde, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), nuclear factor kappa (NF-kB), ovarian fibrosis, and endometrial thickening. In contrast, there was a significant reduction in follicular stimulating hormone, reduced glutathione, and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) when compared with control group. Both myo-inositol and diacerein counteract PCOS changes; but diacerein’s effects were superior to myo-inositol’s for all parameters, except for lipid and glycemic markers. Diacerein possessed anti-inflammatory properties and showed significant efficacy in mitigating the endocrinal, metabolic, and ovarian structural alterations linked to PCOS. Its beneficial actions likely stem from reducing oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, potentially through the modulation of HMGB1, SIRT1, and NF-kB pathways.
Pyrazolyl amide-chalcones conjugates: Synthesis and antikinetoplastid activity
Authors: Agarwal Devesh S. , Beteck Richard M. , Mabille Dorien , Caljon Guy , Legoabe Lesetja J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA series of novel pyrazolyl amide-chalcones conjugates was synthesized in five steps and evaluated against a range of medically important kinetoplastid parasites including Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Leishmania infantum. In addition, the series was also tested for in vitro cytotoxicity activity against human lung fibroblasts and primary mouse macrophages. Among all synthetised compounds, 9b was found to be the most active against T. b. brucei with an IC50 value of 0.51 ± 0.06 μM. Against T. b. rhodesiense, 9n was found to be the most potent with an IC50 value of 0.46 ± 0.07 μM. While against L. infantum, 9a was found to be most active with an IC50 value of 7.16 ± 1.88 μM. Based on the results and SAR, further modifications will be carried out to increase potency.
Graphical Abstract
Notaufnahmevorstellungen von älteren Menschen mit Sturz
Authors: Koppelkamm Lilly , Meyer Gabriele , von Arnim Ulrike , Beutner Katrin 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die demografische Entwicklung führt zu einer steigenden Inanspruchnahme des Gesundheitssystems durch ältere Menschen. Eine der häufigsten Ursachen für die Vorstellung im Krankenhaus von Menschen über 65 Jahren stellen Stürze dar.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der Studie ist die Charakterisierung und Analyse des konsekutiven Verbleibs von älteren Menschen, die nach einem Sturz in der Notaufnahme vorstellig werden.

Methodik
Es erfolgte eine Sekundärdatenanalyse von Routinedaten aus einem maximalversorgenden Krankenhaus über den Zeitraum eines Jahres (Januar bis Dezember 2022) mit deskriptiver Datenanalyse. In die Analyse eingeschlossen wurden alle Patient*innen, die ≥65 Jahre alt waren und aufgrund eines Sturzgeschehens in der Notaufnahme vorstellig wurden.

Ergebnisse
Im Jahr 2022 wurden 18.839 Patient*innen ≥65 Jahre in der Notaufnahme behandelt, 16 % davon aufgrund eines Sturzes. Frauen sind mit 63 % in der Studienkohorte häufiger vertreten, 42 % der Patient*innen waren 85 Jahre oder älter. Nur 36 % der Vorstellenden wurden stationär aufgenommen, wobei Patient*innen, die mit dem Rettungsdienst kamen, signifikant häufiger stationär verblieben. Eine durch das Trauma bedingte Diagnose bestand bei 43 % der Patient*innen. Bei 15 % fand eine Operation statt, am häufigsten an den unteren Extremitäten.

Diskussion
Stürze stellen einen relevanten Vorstellungsgrund in Notaufnahmen bei älteren Menschen dar, häufig besteht keine traumatologische Therapieindikation. Auffallend ist der hohe Anteil an ambulant behandelten Patient*innen, bei denen unklar bleibt, ob und wie sich eine Weiterversorgung gestaltet. Weitere Forschung ist nötig, um Potenziale für verbesserte Behandlungsabläufe, insbesondere bei ambulant Behandelten, zu identifizieren.
Die Überleitungsvorschriften des neuen Windenergieplanungsrechts in §245e BauGB – Systematik und offene Fragen
Authors: Kümper Boas 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungNachdem durch das sog. Wind-an-Land-Gesetz vom 20. Juli 2022 ein neues Windenergieplanungsrecht
geschaffen wurde, welches die bislang vielfach praktizierte sog. Konzentrationsflächenplanung mit
Ausschlusswirkung nach §35 Abs. 3 S. 3 BauGB durch eine reine “Positivplanung” ablöste,
ist der erfolgreiche weitere Ausbau der Windenergienutzung – soll er sich nicht ungesteuert und gleichsam
“planlos” vollziehen – darauf angewiesen, die bestehenden Konzentrationspläne in
das neue Recht zu integrieren. Zugleich soll das Kernanliegen des Wind-an-Land-Gesetzes – die Intensivierung
der Windenergienutzung und eine möglichst rasche Bereitstellung geeigneter Flächen – ohne
Verzögerung umgesetzt werden. Zu diesen Zwecken hält §245e BauGB verschiedene “Überleitungsvorschriften”
bereit, die im Folgenden systematisch aufbereitet werden sollen.
The deterrence effect of criminal sanctions against environmental crime in Finland: an application of the rational choice model of crime
Authors: Lindqvist Riku , Lombardini Chiara , Suvantola Leila , Ollikainen Markku 
Published: October 2024

AbstractApplying the rational choice model of crime, this study estimates the optimality of sanctions for environmental crimes, the social cost of these crimes and the expected gain to the offender with Finnish court data from 327 criminal cases in the period 2013–2018. Sensitivity analyses are conducted for the optimal fine, the expected gain from the crime and its social cost. The time-lag and uncertainties related to the restoration of the environmental harm are explicitly included in the model and the empirical analysis. The average fine was much lower than the optimal fine even when taking into account the constraint posed by the offenders’ wealth and disregarding the time-lag and uncertainties related to the restoration of the environmental harm. The use of prison sentences was also suboptimal. Even when the illegal gain was fully forfeited, the expected gain from the crime to the offender remained positive. Our results suggest a need to increase the cost of punishment by higher fines and reliable forfeiture of the illegal economic gain. They also point to the importance of systematically estimating both the environmental damage and the illegal gain from the crime as these were available respectively for only 24% (N = 79) and 3% (N = 11) of all cases.
HaloClass: Salt-Tolerant Protein Classification with Protein Language Models
Authors: Narang Kush , Nath Abhigyan , Hemstrom William , Chu Simon K. S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSalt-tolerant proteins, also known as halophilic proteins, have unique adaptations to function in high-salinity environments. These proteins have naturally evolved in extremophilic organisms, and more recently, are being increasingly applied as enzymes in industrial processes. Due to an abundance of salt-tolerant sequences and a simultaneous lack of experimental structures, most computational methods to predict stability are sequence-based only. These approaches, however, are hindered by a lack of structural understanding of these proteins. Here, we present HaloClass, an SVM classifier that leverages ESM-2 protein language model embeddings to accurately identify salt-tolerant proteins. On a newer and larger test dataset, HaloClass outperforms existing approaches when predicting the stability of never-before-seen proteins that are distal to its training set. Finally, on a mutation study that evaluated changes in salt tolerance based on single- and multiple-point mutants, HaloClass outperforms existing approaches, suggesting applications in the guided design of salt-tolerant enzymes.