bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sub-optimal therapy of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in the real-life stetting of the German PBC cohort
Authors: Wiegand Johannes , Franke Annegret , Müller Tobias , Stein Kerstin , Bantel Heike , Günther Rainer , Denk Gerald , Reuken Philipp A. , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Naumann Uwe , Böttler Tobias , Weber Andreas , Zeuzem Stefan , Hinz Matthias , Greinert Robin , Berg Christoph , Wissniowski Thaddäus Till , Simon Karl-Georg , Trebicka Jonel , Behrens Rüdiger , Grümmer Harald , Hofmann Wolf Peter , Dikopoulos Nektarios , Sarrazin Christoph , Roeb Elke , Kremer Andreas E. , Muche Marion , Ringelhan Marc , Teufel Andreas , Michl Patrick , Keitel Verena , Marquardt Jens U. , Kautz Achim , Tacke Frank , Piotrowski Katja , Köppe-Bauernfeind Nicole , Trautwein Christian , Berg Thomas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReal-world data on the management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are so far scarce in Germany. Therefore, we aimed to establish a nationwide registry and describe the clinical characteristics and therapy of PBC patients.Three different cohorts defined as ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) responders, as inadequate responders according to Paris II criteria, and as newly diagnosed patients were prospectively recruited.This manuscript includes the baseline data of the project.In total, 33/77 (43%) contacted centres (58% of university hospitals, 38% of non-university hospitals, and 24% of private practices) recruited 515 patients including 204 UDCA responders, 221 inadequate responders to UDCA, and 90 newly diagnosed patients.All patients were treated with UDCA; however, a UDCA dosage below the recommended dosage of 13 mg/kg/d was observed in 38.5% of individuals after 12 months of treatment. UDCA dosages were lower in nonacademic compared to academic centres.Only 75/219 (38.5%) of inadequate responders to UDCA received a second-line therapy with obeticholic acid (OCA) and/or bezafibrate (BZF). OCA (13% vs. 4.5%) and BZF (14% vs. 6.5%) were significantly more often prescribed by academic vs. nonacademic centres.Pruritus (27% vs. 15.5%), fatigue (23% vs. 4.5%), and sicca syndrome (14% vs. 1%) were significantly more often reported by academic centres.The German PBC registry could be established, which indicates suboptimal therapy in a relevant proportion of patients and shows significant differences between academic and nonacademic centres. Results are fundamental to improving clinical management at different levels of care.
Umgang mit der Ambulantisierung und der Hybrid-DRG – Auswirkungen auf die Kliniken
Authors: Wilke Ralf Michael 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Hybrid-DRG ist eine neue Vergütungsform im deutschen Gesundheitswesen. Für alle Sektoren gelten ausgewählte OPS-Codes, die in Kombination mit einer ebenfalls vorgegebenen ICD ein pauschales Entgelt ergeben, unabhängig, ob der Patient ambulant oder stationär geführt wird. Diese neue Abrechnungsform hat enorme Auswirkungen auf die Krankenhäuser. Die Erlössituation ist deutlich schlechter als zu der vorherigen Abrechnungsform und setzt Anpassungen an den Standorten voraus. Würden diese Änderungen nicht vorgenommen werden, wäre die Versorgung nachweislich defizitär. Daher ist eine verstärkte Auslagerung in ein ambulantes Setting notwendig. Die Vorteile sind der effiziente Einsatz von Personal und eine strukturierte Selektion von Patienten. Idealerweise sind die ambulanten Operationseinheiten hier im Vorteil, jedoch können auch über separate Bereiche im Zentral-OP ambulante Pfade neu geschaffen werden. Am Beispiel der Leistenhernie können bei optimierter Selektion über 50% der
Patienten ambulant versorgt werden. Nachteilig bei dieser Abrechnungsform sind die nötigen finanziellen Reserven für Innovationen, Ausbildung und Einsatz teurer operativer Hilfsmittel. Mit Hinzunahme der Narbenhernie 2025 in den Hybridkatalog wird die zukünftige Versorgung kostenorientierter werden.
Cognitive Effects of Heading in Professional Football: A Systematic
Review
Authors: Patel Liam , Tarafder Julikram , Ronca Flaminia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLarge cohort studies have reported that former professional football players have
an increased risk of mortality from neurodegenerative disease. Due to emerging
concerns regarding the safety of heading the technique is now banned for players
under 12. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the association
between heading exposure and cognitive function in professional football
players. A search strategy was devised and entered into seven electronic
databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, SportDiscus and
PEDro. The search identified 563 records. After screening records and applying
the eligibility criteria, nine cross-sectional studies (n=925) were included in
the review, investigating 452 current and 473 former players (859 males, 66
females). Six studies (n=595) reported evidence for an association between
heading and impaired cognitive function, while three studies (n=330) reported no
association. Diverse cognitive domains were investigated, which might underline
the disparity in these results. The association between heading and cognitive
function in professional football appears likely but remains inconclusive.
Methodological heterogeneity and variability in the presentation of results
limits the conclusions drawn. Prospective longitudinal studies using
standardised methods, and including females, are required to provide evidence to
support or refute an association.
Deep Learning-Based Self-Adaptive Evolution of Enzymes
Authors: Jiang Shuiqin , Yi Dong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBiocatalysis has been widely used to prepare drug leads and intermediates. Enzymatic synthesis has advantages, mainly in terms of strict chirality and regional selectivity compared with chemical methods. However, the enzymatic properties of wild-type enzymes may or may not meet the requirements for biopharmaceutical applications. Therefore, protein engineering is required to improve their catalytic activities. Thanks to advances in algorithmic models and the accumulation of immense biological data, artificial intelligence can provide novel approaches for the functional evolution of enzymes. Deep learning has the advantage of learning functions that can predict the properties of previously unknown protein sequences. Deep learning-based computational algorithms can intelligently navigate the sequence space and reduce the screening burden during evolution. Thus, intelligent computational design combined with laboratory evolution is a powerful and potentially versatile strategy for developing enzymes with novel functions. Herein, we introduce and summarize deep-learning-assisted enzyme functional adaptive evolution strategies based on recent studies on the application of deep learning in enzyme design and evolution. Altogether, with the developments of technology and the accumulation of data for the characterization of enzyme functions, artificial intelligence may become a powerful tool for the design and evolution of intelligent enzymes in the future.
Utilization of Immediate Postpartum Contraception and Its Association with Interpregnancy Interval: 10-Year Experience at a Single Center
Authors: Champion Macie L. , Beebe Sarah E. , Blanchard Christina T. , Boozer Margaret , Casey Brian M. , Subramaniam Akila 
Published: September 2024

Objective Increasing availability of immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) has added contraceptive alternatives to bilateral tubal ligation (BTL) in the immediate postpartum period. The resultant access to long-term contraception has provided patients with improved control over the timing of pregnancies. Our objective is to evaluate changes in the utilization of immediate postpartum contraceptive methods over a 10-year period and its association with interpregnancy interval (IPI).
Study Design Retrospective cohort study of 36,445 patients delivered at a single academic hospital center from 2012 to 2020. Deliveries <23 weeks gestation and patients who underwent a cesarean hysterectomy or postpartum hysterectomy for obstetric indications were excluded. The primary outcome was the utilization of postpartum BTL, intrauterine devices, contraceptive implants, and Depo-Provera over the study time period. The secondary outcomes were IPI and interdelivery interval (IDI). Outcomes were compared using appropriate tests of trend. We adjusted for significant covariates as assessed in baseline characteristics.
Results A total of 35,281 patients were included in our study. Groups were different in baseline characteristics including age, race/ethnicity, parity, BMI, insurance status, comorbidity risk, and attendance at postpartum exam. Over the study period, there was a significant difference in utilization of Depo-Provera, LARC, intrauterine device (IUD), and implant (p < 0.001). There was a significant increase in IPI (p < 0.001) and IDI (p < 0.001).
Conclusion We observed a significant increase in utilization of immediate postpartum LARC over the study period which corresponded to a significant increase in IPI and IDI. Our findings emphasize the importance of the availability of immediate postpartum contraception as well as its effectiveness in improving family planning options for reproductive-aged patients. We found significantly increased IPI and IDI associated with increased utilization of long-acting reversible contraceptives immediately postpartum. Our findings emphasize the importance of providers offering these options to patients as well as being comfortable initiating immediate postpartum contraception.
Key Points
Recent Development of CDK2 Inhibitors as Anticancer Drugs: An Update (2015–2023)
Authors: Jin Yumei , Lu Hao , Ge Hu , Hou Xuben , Fang Hao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a critical regulator of cell division and has emerged as a promising target for anticancer treatment. In this article, we summarize the structural features of CDK2 inhibitors and corresponding binding modes, in particular the noncompetitive binding modes that offer unique advantages for the development of highly selective inhibitors. In addition, we present an overview of the latest advancements in the development of CDK2 inhibitors and discuss the trend in the field. This review provides valuable insights into the structure–activity relationships of the reported CDK2 inhibitors, inspiring the development of potent and selective CDK2 inhibitors in the future.
The first results of the hydrogen cyanide (HCN) interferometer measuring experimental research apparatus for electromagnetic science (ERAES) for hypersonic vehicle plasma in near space
Authors: Zhang J. B. , Liu H. Q. , Zhang Y. , Wei X. C. , Xie J. X. , Wang S. X. , Lian H. , Jie Y. X. , Hu L. Q. 
Published: September 2024

The formation of a plasma sheath on the surface of spacecraft or satellites during high-speed atmospheric entry is a significant factor that affects communication and radar detection. Experimental research apparatus for electromagnetic science can simulate this plasma sheath and study the interaction mechanisms between electromagnetic waves and plasma sheaths. Electron density is a crucial parameter for this research. Therefore, in this paper, a HCN heterodyne interferometer has been designed to measure the electron densities of the device, which range from 1 × 109 to 3 × 1013 cm−3 and the pressure ranges from 50 to 1500 Pa. The light source is a HCN laser with a wavelength of 337 µm, which exhibits higher spatial resolution compared to microwave interferometers. The interferometer is configured as a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, which generates an intermediate frequency through the Doppler shift achieved by a rotating grating. The spatial and temporal resolution of the HCN interferometry reach ∼14 mm and 100 µs, respectively. Antenna-coupled ALGaN/GaN-HEMT detectors have been utilized, as they possess higher sensitivity—with a typical reduction factor responsivity of around 900 V/W—than VDI planar-diode Integrated Conical Horn Fundamental Mixers in HCN interferometry. Recently, the initial results of the HCN interferometer designed for ERAES have been obtained during an experimental campaign, demonstrating a phase resolution of up to 0.04π.
Optical quantification of the weak van der Waals coupling between multilayer antimonene and bilayer MoS2 using ultrafast coherent vibration spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Peng-Jui , Yang Zih-Sian , Chang Che-Jia , Lin Shih-Yen , Sun Chi-Kuang 
Published: September 2024

Antimonene, a promising conductor for next-generation 2D-based devices, has its contact resistance significantly influenced by the van der Waals (vdW) interaction within its heterostructure. In this study, we report the quantification of the vdW coupling between multilayer antimonene and bilayer MoS2 by ultrafast coherent vibration spectroscopy. By utilizing a femtosecond laser, we excited coherent acoustic vibrations in the multilayer-antimonene on substrate-supported bilayer MoS2, and the relative displacement at the vdW heterojunction was detected with the aid of bilayer MoS2. The photoexcited strain pulse generated in the multilayer-antimonene was observed as it transported to the bilayer MoS2, explaining the distortion at the beginning of the oscillation. By analyzing the thickness-dependent oscillation frequencies, we determine the effective vdW elastic constant between multilayer-antimonene and MoS2 to be (1.9 ± 0.2) × 1018 N/m3. This non-destructive optical technique offers a significant advance in the evaluation of vdW interactions at 2D metal-semiconductor interfaces.
Mid-infrared waveguide-integrated and photo-thermoelectric graphene photodetector based on germanium-on-silicon platform
Authors: Cai Hongjun , Yang Changming , Liu Yuheng , Zhang Xinliang , Zou Yi , Yu Yu 
Published: September 2024

Mid-infrared (MIR) photonic integration is desirable in the development of MIR spectroscopy and “lab-on-a-chip” sensing. The germanium-on-silicon (GOS) platform offers a promising solution for MIR photonic integration, extending the operational wavelength to a longer band by eliminating the light-absorbing buried oxide layer. However, MIR photodetectors on the GOS platform remain undeveloped due to the challenging heterogeneous integration of active materials on silicon and inadequate light absorption in the photodetection region. Here, we demonstrate a photo-thermoelectric graphene photodetector on the GOS platform, taking advantage of zero-bias operation and easy heterogeneous integration of graphene. By employing split-gate architecture and plasmonic enhancement to strengthen the light-graphene interaction, we achieve a responsivity of 1.97 V W−1 and noise equivalent power of 2.8 nW Hz−1/2 at the wavelength of 3.7 µm. This work enables waveguide-integrated MIR photodetection on the GOS platform for the first time, and it holds great potential for on-chip MIR sensing and imaging applications.
Developing a robust sensor for infrared imaging bolometers
Authors: Wurden G. A. , Partesotti G. , Reimold F. , Mukai K. , Peterson B. J. , Federici F. 
Published: September 2024

A new type of large area sensor for infrared imaging bolometers has been developed. It replaces the thin and fragile free-standing metal foils, which typically have been used, with a multi-layer coated sapphire (or diamond) substrate. Sapphire is transparent to mid-infrared wavelengths, is robust against transients, and can be thick enough to even be the vacuum window. The primary radiation absorber is still a thin deposited metal layer, but now it is partially insulated from the supporting sapphire substrate by a black (carbon-based) layer, which also acts as a blackbody remitter. Test results indicate 6× more noise equivalent power density (estimated NEPD = 23 W/m2 at 5 ms camera exposure time, foil temperature decay time 60 ms) for a 2 μm gold-coated sapphire disk compared to estimated NEP = 4 W/m2 at 1.8 ms exposure time, with foil decay time 420 ms, for a nominal 2.5 μm thick platinum-free-standing foil.
New theoretical insights on the nonradiative relaxation mechanism of the core structure of mycosporines: The amino-cyclohexenone central template
Authors: Roshan Simin , Hymas Michael , Stavros Vasilios G. , Omidyan Reza 
Published: September 2024

We present a comprehensive computational study describing the excited state dynamics and consequent photostability of amino-cyclohexenone (ACyO), the central template of mycosporine systems, widely recognized for their photoprotection of aquatic species. Photoexcitation to the first excited electronic state (S1, 1nπ*) of ACyO is considered an optically dark transition, while photoexcitation to the second excited electronic state (S21ππ*) is an optically bright 1ππ* transition and largely responsible for UV absorption properties of this molecule. We show that following initial photoexcitation to S2, ACyO relaxes via two competing deactivation mechanisms, each mediated by an S1/S0 conical intersection, which directs the excited state population to the electronic ground state (S0). Our ab initio computational results are supported with nonadiabatic dynamics simulation results, yielding an excited state lifetime of ∼280 fs for this system in vacuo. These results explain the inherent photostability of this core structure, commonplace in a wide range of microorganisms.
Buffer gas cooled ice chemistry. II. Ice generation and mm-wave detection of molecules desorbed from an ice
Authors: Hager T. J. , Moore B. M. , Borengasser Q. D. , Kanaherarachchi A. C. , Renshaw K. T. , Radhakrishnan S. , Hall G. E. , Broderick B. M. 
Published: September 2024

This second paper in a series of two describes the chirped-pulse ice apparatus that permits the detection of buffer gas cooled molecules desorbed from an energetically processed ice using broadband mm-wave rotational spectroscopy. Here, we detail the lower ice stage developed to generate ices at 4 K, which can then undergo energetic processing via UV/VUV photons or high-energy electrons and which ultimately enter the gas phase via temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). Over the course of TPD, the lower ice stage is interfaced with a buffer gas cooling cell that allows for sensitive detection via chirped-pulse rotational spectroscopy in the 60–90 GHz regime. In addition to a detailed description of the ice component of this apparatus, we show proof-of-principle experiments demonstrating the detection of H2CO products formed through irradiation of neat methanol ices or 1:1 CO + CH4 mixed ices.
Indicating engagement in online workplace meetings
Authors: Knight Dawn , O’Keeffe Anne , Mark Geraldine , Fitzgerald Christopher , McNamara Justin , Adolphs Svenja , Cowan Benjamin , Fahey Palma Tania , Farr Fiona , Peraldi Sandrine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Amid COVID-19 and the so-called “digital pivot”, online virtual communication is at the heart of our professional
and private lives. As we move into a post-COVID context, the affordances of the digital turn have shown that we can operate
professionally online but there is a need for better understanding of communication in the online workplace. This paper
contributes to our understanding of the dynamics of indicators of engagement in multi-party communication online, as evidenced by
a corpus-based multi-modal study. It showcases the importance of building naturally-occurring spoken corpora that go beyond
written transcription and include annotation of non-verbal behaviour. The work focuses on the incidence, frequency, position, and
function of spoken and head nod backchannels, exploring coordination and co-occurrence of these features in online talk. Findings
point to a changing profile of how engagement is displayed in online workplace meetings, which appears to be linked to the
functionality of platforms.
“I know this language, that language, and my language”
Authors: Kheirkhah Fogelberg Mina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Adopting a longitudinal dynamic perspective on the field of Family Language Policy (FLP), combined with insights
from language socialization, the current study explores five Iranian immigrant family members’ language ideologies, practices and
policies and aims to unfold the processes through which the language ideologies and policies are instantiated and negotiated.
Particular foci are the evolving nature of family language ideologies and practices, emphasizing the influence of children’s
language ideologies and societal interactions. Through detailed analyses of multiparty family interactions, the study argues the
significance of considering children’s language ideologies as integral to understanding of their language practices, moving beyond
a simplistic attribution of actions to mere ‘agency’.
Influence of Local Cation Order on Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Cation-Disordered Semiconductor AgBiS2
Authors: Wang 王 Xiaoyu 啸宇 , Faizan Muhammad , Fu 付 Yuhao 钰豪 , Zhou 周 Kun 琨 , Zhang 张 Yilin 轶霖 , He 贺 Xin 欣 , Singh David J. , Zhang 张 Lijun 立军 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Site disorder exists in some practical semiconductors and can significantly impact their intrinsic properties both beneficially and detrimentally. However, the uncertain local order and structure pose a challenge for experimental and theoretical research. Especially, it hinders the investigation of the effects of the diverse local atomic environments resulting from the site disorder. We employ the special quasi-random structure method to perform first-principles research on connection between local site disorder and electronic/optical properties, using cation-disordered AgBiS2 (rock salt phase) as an example. We predict that cation-disordered AgBiS2 has a bandgap ranging from 0.6 to 0.8 eV without spin-orbit coupling and that spin-orbit coupling reduces this by approximately 0.3 eV. We observe the effects of local structural features in the disordered lattice, such as the one-dimensional chain-like aggregation of cations that results in formation of doping energy bands near the band edges, formation and broadening of band-tail states, and the disturbance in the local electrostatic potential, which significantly reduces the bandgap and stability. The influence of these ordered features on the optical properties is confined to alterations in the bandgap and does not markedly affect the joint density of states or optical absorption. Our study provides a research roadmap for exploring the electronic structure of site-disordered semiconductor materials, suggests that the ordered chain-like aggregation of cations is an effective way to regulate the bandgap of AgBiS2, and provides insight into how variations in local order associated with processing can affect properties.
One-step pulsed laser deposition of carbon/metal oxynitride composites for supercapacitor application
Authors: Ghosh Subrata , Pagani Giacomo , Righi Massimilano , Hou Chengxi , Russo Valeria , Casari Carlo S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Advanced material composite of nanocarbons and metal-based materials provides a synergistic effect to obtain excellent electrochemical charge-storage performance and other properties. Herein, 3D porous carbon-metal oxynitride nanocomposites with tunable carbon/metal and oxygen/nitrogen ratio are synthesized uniquely by simultaneous ablation from two different targets by single-step pulsed laser deposition at room temperature. Co-ablation of titanium and vanadium nitride targets together with graphite allowed us to synthesize carbon-metal oxynitride porous nanocomposite and exploit them as a binder-free thin film supercapacitor electrode in aqueous electrolyte. We show that the elemental composition ratio and hence the structural properties can be tuned by selecting target configuration and by manipulating the ablation position. We investigate how this tuning capability impacts their charge-storage performances. We anticipate the utilization of as-synthesized various composites in a single PLD production run as next-generation active materials for flexible energy storage and optoelectronic applications.