bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alteration by natural processes or anthropogenic manipulation? Assessing human skull breakage through machine learning algorithms
Authors: Marginedas Francesc , Moclán Abel , Cubas Miriam , Gómez-Olivencia Asier , Saladié Palmira , Rodríguez-Hidalgo Antonio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBone breakage is one of the most common features in the archaeological record. Fractures occur at different times and are classified as fresh or dry depending on the presence or absence of collagen in the bone. In the study of human remains, the timing of the occurrence of a fracture is of crucial importance as it can sometimes be linked to the cause of death. Types of skull breakage can be classified based on when they occurred, though not all fractures correspond to the expected features. This variability is added to the challenge of working with bones covered in consolidant, which obstructs the bone surface and hinders taphonomic analysis. This is the case of the Txispiri calotte, which was categorized as a skull cup in the early 20th century, though this classification was later rejected in the 1990s. In this study, we used statistics and machine learning (ML) to test the breakage characteristics of one set of skull fragments with fresh fractures, another set with dry fractures, and the Txispiri calotte. For this purpose, we considered the fracture type, trajectory, angles, cortical delamination and texture of each of the individual fractures. Our results show that the 13 fractures of the Txispiri calotte correspond to dry breakage and bear no relation to artificially produced skull cups. This study shows the potential of ML algorithms to classify fresh and dry fractures within the same specimen, a method that can be applied to other assemblages with similar characteristics.
Measuring Caribbean stress and resilient coping: Psychometric properties of the PSS-10 and BRCS in a multi-country study during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Campbell Michael H. , Gromer-Thomas Jill , Khan Katija , Sa Bidyadhar , Lashley Paula M. , Cohall Damian , Chin Christine E. , Pierre Russell B. , Ojeh Nkemcho , Bharatha Ambadasu , Harewood Heather , Adams O. Peter , Majumder Md. Anwarul Azim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCaribbean health research has overwhelmingly employed measures developed elsewhere and rarely includes evaluation of psychometric properties. Established measures are important for research and practice. Particularly, measures of stress and coping are needed. Stressors experienced by Caribbean people are multifactorial, as emerging climate threats interact with existing complex and vulnerable socioeconomic environments. In the early COVID-19 pandemic, our team developed an online survey to assess the well-being of health professions students across university campuses in four Caribbean countries. This survey included the Perceived Stress Scale, 10-item version (PSS-10) and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). The participants were 1,519 health professions students (1,144 females, 372 males). We evaluated the psychometric qualities of the measures, including internal consistency, concurrent validity by correlating both measures, and configural invariance using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Both scales had good internal consistency, with omega values of 0.91 for the PSS-10 and 0.81 for the BRCS. CFA suggested a two-factor structure of the PSS-10 and unidimensional structure of the BRCS. These findings support further use of these measures in Caribbean populations. However, the sampling strategy limits generalizability. Further research evaluating these and other measures in the Caribbean is desirable.
Advancing psychiatric nosology through philosophical inquiry
Authors: Arjmand Shokouh , Saboori Amleshi Reza , Guimarães Francisco S. , Wegener Gregers 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHere, we have utilised the concept of fuzzy logic and Karl Popper’s notion of verisimilitude to advocate navigating the complexity of psychiatric nosology, emphasising that psychiatric disorders defy Boolean logic. We underscore the importance of embracing imprecision and collecting extensive data for a more nuanced understanding of psychiatric disorders, asserting that falsifiability is crucial for scientific progress. We encourage the advancement of personalised psychiatric taxonomy, urging the continual accumulation of data to inform emerging advancements like artificial intelligence in reshaping current psychiatric nosology.
Mating behaviour and cholesterol nutritional strategies promoted ovarian development of female swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus)
Authors: Zhu Tingting , Jin Min , Luo Jiaxiang , Yang Yuhang , Li Xiangkai , Peng Hongyu , Shen Yuedong , Zhou Qicun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFemale crabs enter a stage of rapid ovarian development after mating, and cholesterol is a substrate for steroid hormone synthesis. Therefore, in this experiment, an 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of mating treatments (mated crab and unmated crab) and three dietary cholesterol levels (0·09 %, 0·79 % and 1·40 %) on ovarian development, cholesterol metabolism and steroid hormones metabolism of adult female swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus). The results indicated that crabs fed the diet with 0·79 % cholesterol significantly increased gonadosomatic index (GSI) and vitellogenin (VTG) content than other treatments in the same mating status. Moreover, mated crabs had markedly increased GSI and VTG content in the ovary and hepatopancreas than unmated crabs. The histological observation found that exogenous vitellogenic oocytes appeared in the mated crabs, while previtellogenic oocytes and endogenous vitellogenic oocytes were the primary oocytes in unmated crabs. The transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that when fed diet with 0·79 % cholesterol, the unmated crabs contained more rough endoplasmic reticulum and mated crabs had higher yolk content than other treatments. Furthermore, mating treatment and dietary 0·79 % cholesterol level both promoted cholesterol deposition by up-regulation of the mRNA and protein expression levels of class B scavenger receptors 1 (Srb1), while stimulating the secretion of steroid hormones by up-regulation of the mRNA and protein expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star). Overall, the present results indicated that mating behaviour plays a leading role in promoting ovarian development, and dietary 0·79 % cholesterol level can further promote ovarian development after mating.
Patterns of beverages consumption and prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases
Authors: Lavôr Layanne Cristina de Carvalho , Viola Poliana Cristina de Almeida Fonseca , Sousa Paulo Víctor de Lima , Campos Felipe da Costa , Crisóstomo Jany de Moura , Nascimento Larisse Monteles , Frota Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBeverages consumption influences diet quality in general and has been associated with the development of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCD). We aimed to verify the association between beverage consumption patterns and the prevalence of NCCD. A cross-sectional household and population-based study was conducted with 489 individuals aged 20 years and older. The presence of NCCD (arterial hypertension, diabetes, cancer and hypercholesterolemia) was obtained by self-report, while obesity was diagnosed by measuring body weight, height and waist circumference. Beverage consumption patterns were obtained by principal component analysis. The association between beverages patterns and the prevalence of NCCD was verified using Poisson regression, expressed as prevalence ratio (PR) and adjusted for potential confounding factors. Three beverage patterns were identified: ‘ultra-processed beverages’, ‘alcoholic beverages’ and ‘healthy beverages’. Individuals with greater adherence to the Ultra-processed Beverages Pattern had a 2·77 times higher prevalence of cancer (PR: 3·77; 95 % CI 1·57, 9·07). Higher adherence to the Alcoholic Beverages Pattern was associated with a higher prevalence of obesity (PR: 1·97; 95 % CI 1·13, 3·44). In contrast, individuals in the second tertile of adherence to the Healthy Beverages Pattern had a 39 % lower prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (PR: 0·61; 95 % CI 0·40, 0·92), and individuals in the third tertile had a 10 % lower prevalence of abdominal obesity estimated by the waist-to-height ratio (PR: 0·90; 95 % CI 0·83, 0·97). Beverage consumption patterns may be associated with a higher prevalence of NCCD, regardless of other risk factors. It is therefore important to conduct more studies investigating the impact of beverages patterns on health.
Accuracy of the international growth charts to diagnose obesity according to the body composition analysis in US children and adolescents
Authors: de Oliveira Mariane Helen , Mazzeti Camila Medeiros da Silva , Araújo Joana , Severo Milton , Pereira Débora Borges dos Santos , Conde Wolney Lisboa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study verified the accuracy of the international BMI references and the allometric BMI reference to diagnose obesity in children and adolescents from the USA. Data from 17 313 subjects were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between the years 1999–2006 and 2011–2018. Fat Mass Index, Allometric Fat Mass Index and fat mass/fat-free mass were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were estimated to evaluate the accuracy of the growth references for diagnosing obesity. The International Obesity Task Force, MULT BMI 17 years, MULT BMI 18 years and allometric BMI 19 years achieved the best sensitivity-specificity trade-off for boys, with sensitivities ranging from 0·92 to 0·96 and specificities of 0·94, with positive likelihood ratio of 15·51, 16·17, 13·46 and 18·01, respectively. The negative likelihood ratios were notably low, ranging from 0·04 to 0·08. In girls, the International Obesity Task Force, MULT BMI 17 years and MULT allometric BMI 17 years also demonstrated high sensitivity (0·95–0·97) and specificity (0·92), with positive likelihood ratio values of 11·54, 11·82 and 11·77, respectively and low negative likelihood ratio values (0·03–0·05). In summary, these international growth references presented satisfactory performance to diagnose obesity. However, the MULT growth reference performed better, and the MULT allometric BMI was the only indicator capable of detecting that girls have a higher proportion of fat mass than boys for the same index values. These findings suggest that the MULT growth reference may be a better tool to assess the nutritional status of children and adolescents internationally.
Neonatal undernutrition induced by litter size expansion alters testicular parameters in adult Wistar rats
Authors: Menezes Ana Camila Ferreira , Wunderlich Ana Luiza Machado , Luiz Karen Gomes , Frigoli Giovanna Fachetti , Costa Ivana Regina D , Stopa Larissa Rugila dos Santos , Souza Camila Franciele , Guergolette Rhauany Pelisson , Shishido Polyana Keiko , Aquino Ana Beatriz Oliveira , Forcato Simone , Gerardin Daniela Cristina Ceccatto , Zaia Cássia Thaïs Bussamra Vieira , Uchoa Ernane Torres , Fernandes Glaura Scantamburlo Alves 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSeveral models of maternal undernutrition reveal impairment of testicular development and compromise spermatogenesis in male offspring. The expansion of the litter size model, valuable for studying the impact of undernutrition on early development, has not yet been used to evaluate the consequences of early undernutrition in the adult male reproductive system. For this purpose, pups were raised in either normal litter (ten pups/dam) or large litter (LL; sixteen pups/dam). On postnatal day 90, sexual behaviour was evaluated or blood, adipose and reproductive tissues were collected for biochemical, histological and morphological analysis. Adult LL animals were lighter and thinner than controls. They showed increased food intake, but decrease of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue weight, glycaemia after oral glucose overload and plasma concentration of cholesterol. Reproductive organ weights were not altered by undernutrition, but histopathological analysis revealed an increased number of abnormal seminiferous tubules and number of immature spermatids in the tubular lumen of LL animals. These animals also showed reduction in total spermatic reserve and daily sperm production in the testes. Undernutrition decreased the number of Sertoli cells, and testosterone production was increased in the LL group. Mitochondrial activity of spermatozoa remained unchanged between experimental groups, suggesting no significant impact on the energy-related processes associated with sperm function. All animals from both experimental groups were considered sexually competent, with no significant difference in the parameters of sexual behaviour. We conclude that neonatal undernutrition induces histological and physiological testicular changes, without altering sperm quality and sexual behaviour of animals.
Singing songs for a secular society? The elusive politics of cultural activism in contemporary Bangladesh
Authors: Schulz Mascha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn Bangladesh, many secularists pursue their political goals through cultural activism. While committed to achieving a secular, progressive, and non-communal society, they often refrain from explicitly articulating their politics due to the sensitivity of their goals. Instead, cultural performances allow them to instantiate and embody a secular ethos with transformative potential, expressed through distinct cultural genres that become recognized as secular aesthetics. While activists consider culture to be a morally superior and ‘purer’ way to promote their political aims than party politics, which they perceive as ‘dirty’ and corrupt, cultural traditions are hardly neutral ground from which to enact secular aspirations. This article explores the ethical struggles that emerge from this position to illuminate what it means to act politically while trying to avoid politics, and why people might choose comparatively elusive forms of political engagement despite their strong commitment to a cause. Attending to less tangible forms of politics encourages us to rethink the role of political messages and visibility in social movements by highlighting the significant role, as well as contradictory implications, of aesthetics, embodiment, and gestures in political action. Conversely, the elusive politics of cultural activism underlines the need to go beyond analysing national discourses to understand the contested nature of secularism in Bangladesh.
Is Monogamy Part of ‘Who We Are’? Romantic Norms, Defensiveness, and Collective Identity
Authors: Jenkins Carrie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractI discuss a certain kind of emotionally charged negative reaction to defences of non-monogamous love, which I call collective-identity reactions. Expanding on work by Audrey Yap and Jonathan Ichikawa, who consider defensive reactions grounded in individual identity, I argue that collective-identity reactions are characteristically associated with claims about who we are, and motivated by a sense that the relevant we is in some way under threat. Looking into which we might be threatened by defences of non-monogamy, and why, reveals that this apparently personal subject matter is in fact entangled with global political issues like capitalism and American cultural imperialism. I conclude with some thoughts about ameliorative strategies for situations structurally similar to this one.
Making Sense of Emoji
Authors: McDonald Lucy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMany online messages now contain emoji – these small images have quickly become an important means of communicating. Yet they have not yet been taken seriously in philosophy of language. In this exploratory paper, I attempt to remedy this neglect by analysing the communicative functions of emoji. I argue that emoji have at least three communicative functions. Firstly, they can serve a replicative function, in that they can play the same role as words and punctuation, thereby replicating the function of existing written communicative devices. Secondly, they can serve a compensatory function, in the sense that they can be used to make up for features of face-to-face conversation which are lost in written online conversation. Thirdly, they can serve supplementary functions, in that we can perform new communicative acts with emoji which we could not previously perform either in written or face-to-face communication.
Going Underground: The Author’s Body and the Mining Workplace in the Writing about Miners in Modern China
Authors: Ma Xi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article highlights the author’s body and its physical experience in labor history, by a focus on their historical implication for the emergence of writings about miners in late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth century China. Miners and their workplace entered Chinese textual and pictorial representations at the turn of the twentieth century, as a result of the growing importance of the mining industry, the dissemination of new mining knowledge, and the formation of new social groups. Later in the 1920s, literary movements tied up with the revolutionary agenda under the influence of Marxism brought new conceptualizations of miners’ position in society and their relationship with intellectuals. When authors turned to write about miners in the late 1920s and early 1930s, they chose to legitimize their writing by descending into mine shafts to acquire the experience in the underground mining workplace and to incorporate the bodily experience into their writings. The mining lamp in texts and images from this period provides a prime example to illustrate how the author’s experience in the underground mine was embodied in the author’s and the miner’s corporeal visions and contributed a new way of seeing and representing miners. Drawing upon materials about miners of various genres, this article reveals the formulation of Chinese visual modernity within Chinese social interactions and brings the author’s body into labor history by calling attention to both its material presence in the workplace and its agentic power to inscribe workers.
The Myth of the Classless Society: Henry Carey and the Anti-Labor Origins of U.S. Political Economy (1820s–1830s)
Authors: Rossi Matteo M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The essay argues that the idea of the United States as a classless society was never a faithful representation of the U.S. socioeconomic reality, but constituted a myth elaborated since the 1830s by the first generation of U.S. economists to oppose the insubordination of Northern white workers, their mobilization through strikes, their politicization of class, and their critique of wage labor. It was precisely to counter the workers’ discourse, the essay maintains, that the first U.S. economists, most importantly Henry Charles Carey (1793–1879), developed an ideological representation of U.S. society as a classless structure devoid of fixed boundaries, in which industrious individuals could improve their condition through labor and in which social positions reflected a scale of talents and merits. By studying the early writings of Carey, but also of Theodore Sedgwick (1780–1839), Francis Wayland (1796–1865), Henry Vethake (1791–1866), Alonzo Potter (1800–1865), and Francis Lieber (1800–1872), the essay shows how economists used the myth of the classless society to scientifically legitimize the coming of capitalism to the United States, as well as to delegitimize class conflict. This anti-labor reaction, the essay argues, marked the very emergence of political economy in the United States as a science aimed at justifying the order of society through a mystified representation of its power relations, while the myth of the classless society would persist as a fundamental ideological pillar in the legitimation and naturalization of American capitalism.
Revolution and Resistance: An Exploration of the Looping Effect in the Moluccas in 1817
Authors: Post Philip 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article explores three instances of the looping effect by studying colonial resistance in the Moluccas in 1817. It focuses on the relations between Dutch colonial officials and the sultan of Ternate in the North Moluccas, and between Dutch officials and the regents of Ambon in the Central Moluccas. The first instance of the looping effect revolves around how Ambonese regents, who adhered to Calvinism, used Christian principles to contest Dutch rule within the Moluccas. This became evident in 1817 when a revolt broke out against the reestablishment of Dutch rule within the Moluccas. The leaders of this revolt used religious precepts of Calvinism, previously introduced by the Dutch, to argue that the reestablishment of Dutch rule should be rejected. The article continues with a second instance of the looping effect, reconstructing how Ambonese rulers used instructions issued by the colonial state in 1818 to mitigate claims from the colonial government. Finally, a third instance of the looping effect can be perceived in how the sultan of Ternate used contracts, signed with the Dutch colonial state in 1817, to request Dutch military assistance against internal uprisings and thereby increased his authority throughout the region.
Longitudinal trajectory classes and correlates of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire-triarchic psychopathy scales from adolescence to young adulthood
Authors: Garofalo Carlo , Weller Joshua A. , Kirisci Levent , Reynolds Maureen D. , Mazzeschi Claudia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The present study examined longitudinal trajectory classes and correlates of triarchic psychopathy domains (boldness, meanness, and disinhibition) from age 16 to 22, leveraging Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ)-based triarchic scales data gathered on a large community sample (ns ranging between 483 and 775 across waves) oversampled for parental substance use disorder (SUD). Growth mixture models were conducted to examine longitudinal trajectory classes for each domain, and their associations with environmental covariates (e.g., neighborhood disadvantage and parental SUD) and outcomes at age 22 (e.g., violent behavior, antisocial personality disorder, and an overall problem index capturing internalizing symptoms and social problems). For boldness, all participants fell in the same class showing relative stability over time. Comparable solutions were recovered for meanness and disinhibition (high-stable/increasing, mid-range decreasing, and low-decreasing). Links with external correlates supported well-known differences between boldness and both meanness and disinhibition and additionally revealed interesting differences between meanness and disinhibition, suggesting that environmental covariates better discriminated meanness trajectory classes. These results demonstrate considerable developmental heterogeneity in these traits across adolescence into young adulthood, which relates to outcomes associated with antisociality and general life struggles. Further, these findings support the adequacy of the MPQ as an operationalization tool for longitudinal investigations on psychopathy.