bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TARIBO trial: targeted therapy with or without nephrectomy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: liquid biopsy for biomarkers discovery
Authors: Verzoni Elena , Ratta Raffaele , Grassi Paolo , Salvioni Roberto , Stagni Silvia , Montone Rosanna , Fucà Giovanni , Cappelletti Vera , Reduzzi Carolina , De Giorgi Ugo , Procopio Giuseppe 
Published: December 2017

Purpose: Two randomized trials in the cytokine era showed that cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) had a role in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), increasing life expectancy. The survival benefit of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including first-line sunitinib and pazopanib, in mRCC has been demonstrated, but the majority of patients enrolled in the pivotal phase III studies had undergone nephrectomy. Therefore it is unknown if similar survival benefit with targeted agents could be achieved without CN. We hypothesize that in these patients CN could increase overall survival (OS) in comparison to targeted therapy without CN. We also will investigate mechanisms of primary and secondary resistance to TKIs in patients with mRCC and identify prognostic or predictive biomarkers. Methods: This is a randomized, open-label, controlled, multicenter phase 3 study comparing sunitinib or pazopanib vs CN followed by sunitinib or pazopanib as first-line therapy for patients with mRCC who have not received surgery and prior systemic treatment for metastatic disease. We will identify 270 patients eligible for randomization. The planned treatment duration per patient will be until progressive disease is observed. Secondary endpoints are the evaluation of progression-free survival (PFS) and response rate and the assessment of the safety profile. Exploratory objectives include the evaluation of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA and correlation with response/resistance to treatment. Results: The study is enrolling patients. Conclusions: The use of CN in addition to targeted therapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma with synchronous metastases could lead to a significant improvement in OS and PFS.
Thirty-day mortality and five-year survival in thoracic surgery: “real-world” assessment of outcomes from a single-institution audit
Authors: Cantarutti Anna , Galeone Carlotta , Leuzzi Giovanni , Bertocchi Elena , Pomponi Giovanna , Langer Martin , Mazzaferro Vincenzo , Galmozzi Gustavo , Apolone Giovanni , Corrao Giovanni , Pastorino Ugo 
Published: December 2017

Background: Accurate measurement of outcomes is essential to monitor the effectiveness of public health policies. In Italy, the Ministry of Health has chosen 30-day mortality after major surgical or medical procedures as the main outcome measure, pooling all pulmonary resections for malignancy in a single category. The present audit evaluated all pulmonary resections performed over a 13-year period in a single institution to assess the immediate (30-day mortality) and long-term (5-year survival) outcomes according to type and stage of disease and extent of surgery. Methods: We analyzed the results of 4,234 first pulmonary resections performed from 2003 to 2015 for lung cancer (2,636), lung metastases (1,080), other primary cancers (259) and benign diseases (259). The median follow-up of cancer patients was 4.1 years. Results: Overall 30-day mortality was 1.1%, being 1.2% for lung cancer, 0.3% for lung metastases, 3.5% for pneumonectomies, 1% for lobectomies, and 0.5% for sublobar resections. Among lung cancer patients, 30-day mortality was 0.7% for simple anatomical resections, 2.8% for complex resections, 0.7% for stage I, and 1.6% for higher stages. Overall 5-year survival was 56% for lung cancer, 49% for lung metastases, and 53% for other primary cancers (p = 0.03). According to the surgical procedure for lung cancer, 5-year survival was 60%, 55% and 36% for lobectomies, segmentectomies and pneumonectomies, respectively (p<0.0001). Conclusions: For better monitoring of thoracic surgery outcomes in a real-world setting, we suggest evaluating lung cancer separately from other thoracic malignancies, and including 5-year survival rates stratified by resection volume and surgical procedure complexity.
From General History to Philosophy: Black Lives Matter, Late Neoliberal Molecular Biopolitics, and Rhetoric
Authors: Biesecker Barbara A. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
This article aspires to explain how it is possible that “white lives matter,” “blue lives matter,” and, ultimately, “all lives matter,” can sound, feel like and act as responses to the claim that “black lives matter” for so many Americans by approaching the political sequence as both a historical (situated, epistemological, and ideological) problem and a philosophical (metaphysical and ontological) question. By way of general history, the first part of the article specifies how a statement (vital but otherwise unqualified human life), a political rationality (molecularization), and a rhetoric of democratic indifference (whose master trope is the metonym) lend to our political present its common sense. The second part pushes against it, first by advocating on behalf of the usefulness of spectralization in antiracist struggle and, second, by recommending a dramatic transformation of the common sense—from molecularization to singularization or bios as “singularly plural coexistence,” founded on a rhetoric of democratic copossibility whose master trope is the exemplar.
Zōon Logon Ekhon: (Dis)possessing an Echo of Barbarism
Authors: Doxtader Erik 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Zōon logon ekhon echoes. Across the terrain of philosophy and rhetoric, it echoes as an echo, an expression that does not come from where it is alleged to come and which these two fields may not have in the way that they have so long claimed to have it. In the midst of zōon logon ekhon there abides an unasked and pressing question of possession, a question of how to bring the (dis)possession of language to recognizability.
On Rhetoric and the School of Philosophy Without Tears
Authors: Murray Stuart J. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
This article addresses the contentious philosophical claim that rhetoric is merely a “philosophy without tears.” Mindful of the institutional and disciplinary stakes of this claim today, it offers a genealogy of “philosophy without tears” across the past century, from the popular “no more tears” genre to midcentury debates between ordinary language philosophers and logical atomists. What emerges is an ethical argument concerning the materiality and transitivity of language, fleshed out through a rhetoric of tears and as an ontology of pain and suffering. Drawing on a rhetorical reading of Wittgenstein's “form-of-life,” I argue that both pain and its expression should be understood as transitive rather than as epistemological or private phenomena. Transitivity helps us to better understand the perlocutionary power of pain and suffering in the politics of war and terrorism, in the “man-philosopher,” who disavows such transitivity, and, finally, in the necessary risk of responsibility toward the “other” of philosophy (and of rhetoric).
Lead (Pb) Bioaccessibility and Mobility Assessment of Urban Soils and Composts: Fingerprinting Sources and Refining Risks to Support Urban Agriculture
Authors: Sharp Rosalie M. , Brabander Daniel J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWhile the presence of legacy lead (Pb) in urban soil is well documented, less is known about the bioaccessibility, transport, and exposure pathways of urban soil Pb. We study Pb bioaccessibility in Roxbury and Dorchester, MA, urban gardens to assess exposure risk and identify remediation strategies, applicable locally and in urban gardens across the country. We work in partnership with The Food Project, which brings the goals and perspectives of local farmers to the center of the research process and enables efficient local application of results to reduce Pb exposure. We measure changes in Pb bioaccessibility as a function of growing material, grain size, and Pb source. In comparison to soils, compost has lower total Pb concentrations, has lower Pb solubility in gastric fluid, and limits fine particle resuspension. The mean bioaccessible Pb concentration of compost is 265 mg/kg, nearly an order of magnitude lower than that of soils, and compost contains 14% higher carbon content than soils, which may account for the observed 19% lower Pb bioaccessibility in compost. For all matrices (soil, raised bed fill, and compost) grain sizes <37 μm contain a disproportionate fraction of the total pool of bioaccessible Pb. Furthermore, the isotopic composition of Pb in the size fractions linked with resuspension and elevated blood lead levels is indicative of leaded gasoline and leaded paint even decades removed from the primary deposition of these sources.
Asymmetric Effects of Subaerial and Subaqueous Basement Slopes on Self‐Similar Morphology of Prograding Deltas
Authors: Lai Steven Yueh Jen , Hsiao Yung‐Tai , Wu Fu‐Chun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDeltas form over basements of various slope configurations. While the morphodynamics of prograding deltas over single‐slope basements have been studied previously, our understanding of delta progradation over segmented basements is still limited. Here we use experimental and analytical approaches to investigate the deltaic morphologies developing over two‐slope basements with unequal subaerial and subaqueous slopes. For each case considered, the scaled profiles of the evolving delta collapse to a single profile for constant water and sediment influxes, allowing us to use the analytical self‐similar profiles to investigate the individual effects of subaerial/subaqueous slopes. Individually varying the subaerial/subaqueous slopes exerts asymmetric effects on the morphologies. Increasing the subaerial slope advances the entire delta; increasing the subaqueous slope advances the upstream boundary of the topset yet causes the downstream boundary to retreat. The delta front exhibits a first‐retreat‐then‐advance migrating trend with increasing subaqueous slope. A decrease in subaerial topset length is always accompanied by an increase in subaqueous volume fraction, no matter which segment is steepened. Applications are presented for estimating shoreline retreat caused by steepening of basement slopes, and estimating subaqueous volume and delta front using the observed topset length. The results may have implications for real‐world delta systems subjected to upstream tectonic uplift and/or downstream subsidence. Both scenarios would exhibit reduced topset lengths, which are indicative of the accompanied increases in subaqueous volume and signal tectonic uplift and/or subsidence that are at play. We highlight herein the importance of geometric controls on partitioning of sediment between subaerial and subaqueous delta components.
Validation of Classification Criteria of Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Japanese Patients With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Mizuta Mao , Yasumi Takahiro , Iwata Naomi , Okura Yuka , Kinjo Noriko , Umebayashi Hiroaki , Kubota Tomohiro , Nakagishi Yasuo , Nishimura Kenichi , Yashiro Masato , Yasumura Junko , Yamazaki Kazuko , Wakiguchi Hiroyuki , Okamoto Nami , Mori Masaaki 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo validate whether the 2016 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) complicating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is practical in the real world.MethodsA combination of expert consensus and analysis of real patient data was conducted by a panel of 15 pediatric rheumatologists. A total of 65 profiles comprised 18 patients with systemic JIA–associated MAS and 47 patients with active systemic JIA without evidence of MAS. From these profiles, 10 patient data points for full‐blown MAS, 11 patient data points for MAS onset, and 47 patient data points for acute systemic JIA without MAS were evaluated.ResultsEvaluation of the classification criteria to discriminate full‐blown MAS from acute systemic JIA without MAS showed a sensitivity of 1.000 and specificity of 1.000 at the time of full‐blown MAS. Sensitivity was 0.636 and specificity was 1.000 at the time of MAS onset. The number of measurement items that fulfilled the criteria increased in full‐blown MAS compared to that at MAS onset. At MAS onset, the positive rates of patients who met the criteria for platelet counts and triglycerides were low, whereas those for aspartate aminotransferase were relatively high. At full‐blown MAS, the number of patients who met the criteria for each measurement item increased.ConclusionThe classification criteria for MAS complicating systemic JIA had a very high diagnostic performance. However, the diagnostic sensitivity for MAS onset was relatively low. For the early diagnosis of MAS in systemic JIA, the dynamics of laboratory values during the course of MAS should be further investigated.
Experiences With Telehealth Followup in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Knudsen Line R. , de Thurah Annette , Lomborg Kirsten 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo explore the experiences of a patient‐reported outcome (PRO)–based telehealth followup from the perspective of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their experiences of increasing their active role, and responsibility for disease control in particular.MethodsAdopting a strategy of interpretive description, we conducted individual, semistructured interviews with 15 RA patients participating in a telehealth followup. Participants were selected purposively and consecutively from both sexes and with various ages, disease durations, and disease severity. The analysis was inductive, with a constant comparative approach. First, we identified the main themes conveying the participants’ experiences. Then we constructed patient typologies to explain different perspectives on the telehealth followup.ResultsFive themes covered the participants’ experiences: a flexible solution, responsibility, knowledge of RA, communication and involvement, and continuity. Two typologies, the keen patient and the reluctant patient, represented opposite perspectives and preferences regarding the core value of and approach to the telehealth followup.ConclusionThe participants had positive perceptions of the PRO‐based telehealth followup and saw it as a flexible and resource‐saving solution. They reported disadvantages related to missing face‐to‐face contact with health professionals. The 2 typologies, the keen and the reluctant patient, help us understand the patients’ different needs, wishes, and abilities to take part in telehealth followup. Our findings reveal a need for more insight into how telehealth followup could be integrated in routine clinical practice, paying special attention to how reluctant patients may be supported.
A High‐k Fluorinated P(VDF‐TrFE)‐g‐PMMA Gate Dielectric for High‐Performance Flexible Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Shin Eul‐Yong , Cho Hye Jin , Jung Sungwoo , Yang Changduk , Noh Yong‐Young 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA newly synthesized high‐k polymeric insulator for use as gate dielectric layer for organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) obtained by grafting poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) via atom transfer radical polymerization transfer is reported. This material design concept intents to tune the electrical properties of the gate insulating layer (capacitance, leakage current, breakdown voltage, and operational stability) of the high‐k fluorinated polymer dielectric without a large increase in operating voltage by incorporating an amorphous PMMA as an insulator. By controlling the grafted PMMA percentage, an optimized P(VDF‐TrFE)‐g‐PMMA with 7 mol% grafted PMMA showing reasonably high capacitance (23–30 nF cm−2) with low voltage operation and negligible current hysteresis is achieved. High‐performance low‐voltage‐operated top‐gate/bottom‐contact OFETs with widely used high mobility polymer semiconductors, poly[[2,5‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐2,3,5,6‐tetrahydro‐3,6‐dioxopyrrolo [3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐diyl]‐alt‐[[2,2′‐(2,5‐thiophene)bis‐thieno(3,2‐b)thiophene]‐5,5′‐diyl]] (DPPT‐TT), and poly([N,N′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)) are demonstrated here. DPPT‐TT OFETs with P(VDF‐TrFE)‐g‐PMMA gate dielectrics exhibit a reasonably high field‐effect mobility of over 1 cm2 V−1 s−1 with excellent operational stability.
Structured Macroporous Hydrogels: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: De France Kevin J. , Xu Fei , Hoare Todd 
Published: December 2017

AbstractStructured macroporous hydrogels that have controllable porosities on both the nanoscale and the microscale offer both the swelling and interfacial properties of bulk hydrogels as well as the transport properties of “hard” macroporous materials. While a variety of techniques such as solvent casting, freeze drying, gas foaming, and phase separation have been developed to fabricate structured macroporous hydrogels, the typically weak mechanics and isotropic pore structures achieved as well as the required use of solvent/additives in the preparation process all limit the potential applications of these materials, particularly in biomedical contexts. This review highlights recent developments in the field of structured macroporous hydrogels aiming to increase network strength, create anisotropy and directionality within the networks, and utilize solvent‐free or additive‐free fabrication methods. Such functional materials are well suited for not only biomedical applications like tissue engineering and drug delivery but also selective filtration, environmental sorption, and the physical templating of secondary networks.
A Li–Air Battery with Ultralong Cycle Life in Ambient Air
Authors: Wang Lie , Pan Jian , Zhang Ye , Cheng Xunliang , Liu Lianmei , Peng Huisheng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Li–air battery represents a promising power candidate for future electronics due to its extremely high energy density. However, the use of Li–air batteries is largely limited by their poor cyclability in ambient air. Herein, Li–air batteries with ultralong 610 cycles in ambient air are created by combination of low‐density polyethylene film that prevents water erosion and gel electrolyte that contains a redox mediator of LiI. The low‐density polyethylene film can restrain the side reactions of the discharge product of Li2O2 to Li2CO3 in ambient air, while the LiI can facilitate the electrochemical decomposition of Li2O2 during charging, which improves the reversibility of the Li–air battery. All the components of the Li–air battery are flexible, which is particularly desirable for portable and wearable electronic devices.
Fabrication of α‐Fe2O3@rGO/PAN Nanofiber Composite Membrane for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes
Authors: Sun Kai , Wang Lifang , Wu Chunzhi , Deng Jianping , Pan Kai 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe treatment of dye polluting water is one of the most important tasks that are concerned with water resources. Herein, a nanofiber composite membrane (NCM) is fabricated with an aim to effectively degrade organic dyes. First, α‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles are loaded on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) sheets through hydrothermal method. Then the as‐prepared α‐Fe2O3@rGO sheets are deposited on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mat via vacuum filtration to obtain α‐Fe2O3@rGO/PAN NCM. Thus, the NCM has a double‐layer structure with α‐Fe2O3@rGO as the upper layer and PAN nanofiber as the lower layer (support layer), providing structural advantages in photocatalytic degradation in solution. The composition, morphology, and structure of the NCM are characterized in detail. Photocatalytic experiments show that the NCM can effectively degrade a variety of organic dyes, among which the degradation rate of methylene blue is as high as 98.5% within 2 h. Moreover, the degradation rate still remains at high level after 5 cycles and the NCM remains intact, indicating the reusability of the NCM. It is in particular worth highlighting that high degradation efficiency is obtained even under natural sunlight, demonstrating great potential applications of the NCM in industrial dye wastewater treatment.
General Strategy for Synthesis of Pd3M (M = Co and Ni) Nanoassemblies as High‐Performance Catalysts for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Chen Yifan , Jiang Xian , Li Yueyang , Li Pei , Liu Qicheng , Fu Gengtao , Xu Lin , Sun Dongmei , Tang Yawen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNanoassemblies have attracted considerable attention because of their unique structural advantages, such as the high porosity, abundant surface defects, and low‐coordinated atomic steps, which are of importance to improve electrocatalytic activity and stability. However, developing effective and general synthetic methods for preparation of well‐defined Pd‐based nanoassemblies remains a challenge. Herein, a facile, effective, and general synthetic strategy for fabrication of high‐quality Pd3M (M = Co and Ni) nanoassemblies is developed. It is identified that arginine is pivotal for control of the nucleation and growth process of nanocrystals, where there is strong self‐assembly capacity between arginine molecules as well as effective coordination interaction between guanidine group of arginine with metal ions, endowing its unique dual‐function for the structure‐controllable synthesis of Pd3M alloy. The electrocatalytic performances of Pd3M nanoassemblies for the oxygen reduction reaction are studied through the rotating ring‐disk electrode technique. As expected, both Pd3Co and Pd3Ni nanoassemblies exhibit the more positive onset reduced‐overpotentials and the better catalytic stabilities compared to their counterparts. This work opens a new and general guideline for designing PdM alloy nanoassemblies with exclusive active sites for boosting energy electrocatalysis.
Superamphiphilic Polyurethane Foams Synergized from Cellulose Nanowhiskers and Graphene Nanoplatelets
Authors: Zhang Xiaotan , Liu Dongyan , Sui Guoxin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSuperamphiphilic materials are attracting significant attention because of their unique affinity to both water and oil. It is generally accepted that graphene‐based assemblies are hydrophobic. Here, novel superamphiphilic polyurethane (PU) foams by the synergetic effect of cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) and graphene nanosheets (GNs) are reported. This process involves the creation of CNWs' base coating on the surface of PU network prior to GN coatings to obtain superamphiphilic surfaces by the simple dip‐coating method. Wetting behaviors of the foams start to turn from hydrophobicity into superamphiphilicity by increasing the concentration of the CNWs up to 0.5 wt%. The hydrophobicity recovers when the concentration of CNWs reaches 1.0 wt%. The superamphiphilic foam (CNWs' concentration is 0.75 wt%) exhibits high storage capacity for water and various organic solvents up to 22–24 times of its own weight. Moreover, the coated foams can be reused for absorbing liquids for more than 20 cycles without losing their superamphiphilicity, exhibiting good reusability and durability. The discovery of this superamphiphilic foam is of great significance for the development of superwetting materials and finding their applications in oil emulsions purifying and catalyst anchoring fields.