bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switching the unidirectional reflectionlessness by polarization in non-ideal PT metamaterial based on the phase coupling
Authors: Bai Ruiping , Zhang Cong , Gu Xintong , Jin Xing Ri , Zhang Ying Qiao , Lee YoungPak 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn effective scheme on switching the exceptional point(EP) where unidirectional reflectionlessness occurs is firstly proposed in non-ideal PT metamaterial via the polarization of incident light. The unidirectional reflectionlessness could be effectively controlled only by adjusting the phase coupling of the two resonators which are consisted of two identical but vertically placed crosses and are excited by incident light as an effective gain. Besides, the unidirectional perfect absorber occurs in the vicinity of EP.
Garcinone E induces apoptosis and inhibits migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Xu Xiao-Huang , Liu Qian-Yu , Li Ting , Liu Jian-Lin , Chen Xin , Huang Li , Qiang Wen-An , Chen Xiuping , Wang Yitao , Lin Li-Gen , Lu Jin-Jian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOvarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecological malignant tumor. In this study, 24 xanthones were isolated and identified from the pericarps of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), and their anti-proliferative activities were tested in ovarian cancer cells. Garcinone E (GE) was found to exhibit excellent anti-proliferative effects among the tested xanthones. It significantly inhibited the proliferation in HEY, A2780, and A2780/Taxol cells as evidenced by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, Hoechst 33342 staining, annexin V/PI staining, and JC-1 staining. It induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activated the protective inositol-requiring kinase (IRE)-1α pathway. Knocking down IRE-1α further activated the caspase cascade and caused an increase in cell death. Moreover, GE eliminated the migratory ability of HEY cells by reducing the expression of RhoA and Rac. It also blocked the invasion, which might be related to downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), i.e., MMP-9 and MMP-2, and upregulation of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) -1 and TIMP-2. In summary, GE exerts anticancer activities by inducing apoptosis and suppressing migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells, which indicates its therapeutic potential for ovarian cancer.
A Very Unlikely Finding in a Male Child: Urethral Prolapse
Authors: Durakbaşa Çiğdem , Gercel Gonca , Mutus Murat , Aksu Burhan , Ozkanli Seyma 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUrethral prolapse is a disease of prepubertal black girls and postmenopausal women with an unknown cause. It may be congenital in origin or an acquired condition. It has never been reported in males. We report a 10-year-old Caucasian boy who presented because of recurrent right undescended testis. He had been operated on for bilateral undescended testes 7 years ago in another hospital, and circumcision was done during the same operation. The boy complained of a weak urinary stream during voiding. The physical examination was consistent with recurrent right undescended testis. Penile examination showed a circumferential urethral prolapse around the meatus. The urethral meatal appearance was apparent right after the circumcision. An orchiopexy operation as well as circumferential excision of the perimeatal urethral tissue with primary repair was done. The pathological examination of the specimen revealed keratinized stratified squamous epithelium consistent with urethral mucosa. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient urinates normally at the 8 postoperative month with a normal uroflowmetry study. This is the first report of urethral prolapse in a male. Because circumcision is a widely employed practice in many cultures, it is unlikely to be a predisposing factor. It is a benign condition that can be cured with simple resection and anastomosis.
Verletzungen auf dem Schulhof – Eine Analyse individueller und kontextueller Faktoren
Authors: Stadtmüller Sven , Klocke Andreas , Giersiefen Andrea , Lipp Robert 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Verletzungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zählen zu den dringendsten Public Health Problemen in Deutschland. Neben Unfällen im Haushalt und in der Freizeit ist insbesondere der Lebensbereich Schule von großer Bedeutung. Hinsichtlich der Einflussfaktoren auf Schulverletzungen bestehen jedoch erhebliche Forschungslücken. Hier setzt der Beitrag an und analysiert individuelle und kontextuelle Faktoren, die auf das Verletzungsgeschehen in der Schule Einfluss nehmen. Dabei werden speziell Verletzungen untersucht, die sich auf dem Schulhof ereignen.
Methodik Die Datengrundlage bildet die zweite Erhebungswelle der Panelstudie „Gesundheitsverhalten und Unfallgeschehen im Schulalter“ (GUS). Im Anschluss an eine Zufallsauswahl von allgemeinbildenden weiterführenden Schulen in 11 Bundesländern wurden 10089 Schüler/innen im Alter von 11–13 Jahren aus 138 Schulen im Klassenverbund mittels eines standardisierten elektronischen Fragebogens befragt. Neben dem Unfall- und Verletzungsgeschehen deckt der Fragebogen eine Bandbreite anderer Themen, wie z. B. das Gesundheit- und Freizeitverhalten, ab und erhebt zugleich auch Informationen über die Schule. Die Einflussfaktoren auf Schulhofverletzungen werden anhand von multivariaten logistischen Mehrebenmodellen analysiert.
Ergebnisse In der zweiten Erhebungswelle berichteten 5,8% der befragten Schüler/innen, sich in den letzten 12 Monaten mind. eine behandlungsbedürftige Verletzung auf dem Schulhof zugezogen zu haben. Zusammenhänge mit dem Verletzungsgeschehen auf dem Schulhof zeigen sich für individuelle Faktoren, wie für das Geschlecht (weiblich, OR=0,53), Mobbingerfahrungen (OR=1,68), Schlafstörungen (OR=1,07) und für die individuelle sportliche Aktivität (OR=1,03). Obgleich die Varianz primär auf Individualmerkmale zurückgeht, spielen auch einzelne Kontextmerkmale eine Rolle: An Schulen, deren Zustand von den dort beschulten Schüler/innen besser eingeschätzt wird, ist auch das Verletzungsrisiko geringer (OR=0,60).
Schlussfolgerung Präventionsmaßnahmen lassen sich aufgrund dieser Ergebnisse gezielt sowohl auf Individual- als auch Kontextebene ausrichten: Zum einen sollte die Prävention von Mobbing vor diesem Hintergrund fokussiert, aber auch der Zustand der Schulen weiterhin in den Blick genommen werden.
Sporttherapie bei Krebs
Authors: Krebs Stephanie , Berling-Ernst Anika , Halle Martin 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Stellenwert einer regelmäßigen körperlichen Aktivität bei Vorliegen einer Krebserkrankung wurde bis vor wenigen Jahren noch deutlich unterschätzt; sie wurde Betroffenen bis in die neunziger Jahre sogar zum Teil komplett untersagt. Inzwischen konnte eine Vielzahl an Studien positive Effekte in der Tertiärprävention auf erkrankungs- und therapieassoziierte Nebenwirkungen zeigen. So finden sich neben einer Verbesserung der physischen Fitness und der Lebensqualität, nicht selten eine Abnahme der Fatigue-Symptomatik und eine Reduktion von depressiver Symptomatik. Auch bezogen auf Prognose, Rezidivfreiheit und Gesamtmortalität finden sich insbesondere bei Mammakarzinom, Kolonkarzinom und Prostatakarzinom positive Effekte, allerdings bisher nur in Kohortenstudien. Viele Studien zeigen, dass ein regelmäßiges Training möglichst frühzeitig während einer Chemotherapie, Strahlentherapie oder Hormontherapie erfolgen sollte. Die Basis einer Sporttherapie liegt in einer Kombination aus einem regelmäßigen Ausdauertraining (moderat bis intensiv) begleitet von gezielten Kraftübungen und einem Koordinationstraining. Diese muss immer individuell auf den Patienten abgestimmt werden.
Determinants of Gadolinium-Enhancement of the Aneurysm Wall in Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Backes Daan , Hendrikse Jeroen , van der Schaaf Irene , Algra Ale , Lindgren Antti E , Verweij Bon H , Rinkel Gabriel J E , Vergouwen Mervyn D I 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Recent studies suggest that gadolinium-enhancement of the aneurysm wall may reflect aneurysm wall inflammation, which might increase the risk of aneurysm growth or rupture.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of gadolinium-enhancement and its determinants in patients with predominantly small (<7 mm) unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

METHODS
We performed 3 T MRI aneurysm wall imaging in patients with ≥1 unruptured aneurysm. With Poisson regression analysis, we calculated crude and adjusted risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess determinants of gadolinium-enhancement.

RESULTS
Gadolinium-enhancement was observed in 25/79 patients (32%; 95% CI: 21%-42%) and 26/89 aneurysms (29%; 95% CI: 20%-39%). With aneurysms 1.0-2.9 mm as reference, RRs were 4.6 (95% CI: 0.6-36.5) for 3.0 to 4.9 mm, 9.4 (95% CI: 1.3-67.2) for 5.0 to 6.9 mm, and 14.8 (95% CI: 2.1-104.6) for ≥7.0 mm. With internal carotid artery as reference, RRs adjusted for aneurysm size were 3.6 (95% CI: 1.1-11.4) for posterior communicating artery and 3.0 (95% CI: 1.0-8.6) for middle cerebral artery. RRs were 0.8 (95% CI: 0.4-1.8) for acetylsalicylic acid use, 0.9 (95% CI: 0.5-1.8) for statin use, 1.4 (95% CI: 0.7-2.8) for hypertension, 0.9 (95% CI: 0.4-1.8) for previous smoking, 0.9 (95% CI: 0.3-2.6) for never smoking, and 1.4 (95% CI: 0.7-2.7) for irregular aneurysm shape.

CONCLUSION
Approximately one-third of patients had gadolinium-enhancement. Because aneurysm size is the strongest determinant of gadolinium-enhancement and also an established predictor for aneurysm growth and rupture, prospective studies with serial imaging need to investigate if gadolinium-enhancement predicts aneurysm growth and rupture.
A Novel Mohs Precision Tool
Authors: Kanevsky Jonathan , Safran Tyler , Viezel-Mathieu Alex , Hemmings Kurt , Khanna Manish 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND
Effective treatment by Mohs micrographic surgery requires preparation of high-quality slides.

OBJECTIVE
To examine a novel tissue alignment device designed to address variability in tissue processing because of excessive sample trimming.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A device was designed to account for angular errors and unparalleled tissue embedding. A retrospective chart review was performed both with and without the use of the device over the course of a 4-year period (2012–2015).

RESULTS
Between January 1, 2012, and June 10, 2014, before device implementation, mean number of stages per case was 1.65 (n = 3,680) and mean number of surgeries per day was 6.34 (n = 640). Between June 11, 2014, and October 02, 2015, with device implemented, the average number of stages per case between decreased to 1.58 (n = 2,562) and the number of daily surgeries increased to 7.05 (n = 358). This represents a significant decrease in number of stages per case by 0.07 stages (95% CI: −0.01 to −0.13, p = .02), as well as an increase in the number of cases per day by 0.71 cases (95% CI: 0.12–1.3, p < .01).

CONCLUSION
Slide preparation using the novel alignment device may result in less tissue waste and more cases being performed daily.
Preparing Nursing and Social Work Students to Care for Patients in Acute Alcohol Withdrawal
Authors: Gates Sharon A. , Brown James R. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Alcohol and other drug abuse has become a national crisis with approximately 26% of general medical patients having alcohol-related problems. New nurses and social workers are often not prepared to care for patients with severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms because they lack experience in actual crisis situations. The purpose of this study was to prepare nursing and social work students to care for a patient undergoing an acute alcohol withdrawal process. Nine groups of 8–10 students participated in a 2.5-hour simulation event that included an alcohol withdrawal seizure, team meeting, and discharge of the patient. Students recognized the importance of all the professional roles and how each professional benefits patient care. Before the simulation, students thought they were prepared to care for patients experiencing alcohol withdrawal; however, the crisis of an alcohol seizure decreased the student’s ability to perform skills and communicate effectively. These findings suggest that new nurses and social workers may not be prepared to care for the acute alcohol withdrawal patient.
Development Trajectories and Predictors of the Role Commitment of Nursing Preceptors
Authors: WANG Wei-Fang , HUNG Chich-Hsiu , LI Chung-Yi 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
The commitment of nursing preceptors to their role is an important driving force that supports their clinical teaching and affects teaching quality. Role commitment undergoes dynamic development and thus changes over time. Existing studies have utilized only cross-sectional study designs and have not analyzed the changes in commitment trajectories with related factors.

Purpose:
This study aimed to investigate the development trajectories of the commitment of preceptors and to examine the predictors between the trajectories of role commitment among nursing preceptors.

Methods:
A single-group, repeated-measures design was adopted, and 59 participants completed the Commitment to the Preceptor Role Scale and the Preceptor’s Perception of Support Scale. The latent class growth analysis method was used to estimate the trajectory class patterns. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test, a nonparametric method, was used to compare the differences in demographic characteristics between the trajectories of commitment among nursing preceptors. Predictors were examined using binary logistic regression analysis.

Results:
The two-class model was the best-fitting model to describe the trajectories of nursing preceptor commitment. The two classes in this model were “low commitment,” which accounted for 90.3% of all the participants, and “high commitment,” which accounted for 9.7%. A significant difference was found between the two classes in terms of motivation for being a preceptor (p = .048). Neither demographic characteristics nor organizational support had a predictive effect on the trajectories of commitment development.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
This study found a low level of role commitment among new preceptors. Moreover, internal motivation was found to be a significant factor affecting the trajectories of this commitment. Therefore, institutions should foster an appropriate environment to enhance the role identity of preceptors as well as cultivate and stimulate their commitment to this role.
Access and Barriers to Utilization of Palliative Care in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Brown Anna M. , Nelson Brittany H. , Beuscher Linda M. 
Published: August 2017

Background
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a terminal disease that can be diagnosed in children and adults. Adverse effects of treatment combined with a terminal illness can lead to a plethora of unmet patient needs that can be addressed by palliative care (PC).

Aim
The primary aim was to assess access to PC among pediatric PAH programs. The secondary aim was to describe barriers to utilization.

Method
A survey using multiple choice and analog scale was distributed in May 2016 to query access and utilization of PC among PAH specialists in North America and attitudes regarding aspects of PC as it relates to PAH patients. The results were analyzed descriptively and reported as percentages and medians (interquartile range).

Results
Of 30 surveys completed, 93% reported having access. Of respondents with access, 82% reported that they had referred to PC in the past, and 64% in the last 12 months. The most common reason for using PC was for psychosocial, emotional, and/or spiritual needs related to terminal illness (86%). Concepts identified as barriers were negative connotation, timing of referral, increased anxiety, and lack of PC education.

Conclusion
Adequate access to PC is reported; however, utilization is suboptimal. Referral is also delayed, which may result in patients being less prepared for end of life. Provider perceptions of PC support the notion of PC, but incorporation of these services is difficult because of its negative connotation, lack of knowledge surrounding PC, fear of increased anxiety with referral, and difficulty knowing when to refer.
AFQ-Browser: Supporting reproducible human neuroscience research through browser-based visualization tools
Authors: Yeatman Jason D. , Richie-Halford Adam , Smith Josh K. , Keshavan Anisha , Rokem Ariel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHuman neuroscience research faces several challenges with regards to reproducibility. While scientists are generally aware that data sharing is an important component of reproducible research, it is not always clear how to usefully share data in a manner that allows other labs to understand and reproduce published findings. Here we describe a new open source tool, AFQ-Browser, that builds an interactive website as a companion to a published diffusion MRI study. Because AFQ-browser is portable -- it runs in any modern web-browser -- it can facilitate transparency and data sharing. Moreover, by leveraging new web-visualization technologies to create linked views between different dimensions of a diffusion MRI dataset (anatomy, quantitative diffusion metrics, subject metadata), AFQ-Browser facilitates exploratory data analysis, fueling new scientific discoveries based on previously published datasets. In an era where Big Data is playing an increasingly prominent role in scientific discovery, so will browser-based tools for exploring high-dimensional datasets, communicating scientific discoveries, sharing and aggregating data across labs, and publishing data alongside manuscripts.
Co-mutation and exclusion analysis in human tumors, a means for cancer biology studies and treatment design
Authors: Ochoa Soledad , Martínez-Pérez Elizabeth , Zea Diego Javier , Molina-Vila Miguel Angel , Marino-Buslje Cristina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundMalignant tumors originate from genomic and epigenomic alterations, which lead to loss of control of the cellular circuitry. These alterations relate with each other in patterns of mutual exclusion and co-occurrence that affect prognosis and treatment response and highlight the need for multitargeted therapy. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no systematic reports in the literature of co-dependent and mutually exclusive mutations across all types of cancer. In addition, the studies reported so far generally deal with whole genes instead of specific mutations, ignoring the fact that different alterations in the same gene can have widely different effects.ResultsHere we present a systematic analysis of co-dependencies of somatic mutations across all cancer types. Combining multi testing with conditional and expected mutational probabilities, we have found pairs and networks of co-mutations and exclusions, some of them in particular types of cancer and others widespread. We have also determined that driver loci are present in more types of cancer than non driver loci, that they tend to pair within a single gene and that those pairs are more often exclusions than co-mutations.ConclusionsBased on this properties, we propose new drivers that warrant experimental validation. Our analysis is potentially relevant for cancer biology and classification, as well as for the rational selection of multitargeted therapeutic approaches.
Discovering genetic interactions bridging pathways in genome-wide association studies
Authors: Fang Gang , Wang Wen , Paunic Vanja , Heydari Hamed , Costanzo Michael , Liu Xiaoye , Liu Xiaotong , Oately Benjamin , Steinbach Michael , Van Ness Brian , Schadt Eric E. , Pankratz Nathan D. , Boone Charles , Kumar Vipin , Myers Chad L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGenetic interactions have been reported to underlie phenotypes in a variety of systems, but the extent to which they contribute to complex disease in humans remains unclear. In principle, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide a platform for detecting genetic interactions, but existing methods for identifying them from GWAS data tend to focus on testing individual locus pairs, which undermines statistical power. Importantly, the global genetic networks mapped for a model eukaryotic organism revealed that genetic interactions often connect genes between compensatory functional modules in a highly coherent manner. Taking advantage of this expected structure, we developed a computational approach called BridGE that identifies pathways connected by genetic interactions from GWAS data. Applying BridGE broadly, we discovered significant interactions in Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, hypertension, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and type 2 diabetes. Our novel approach provides a general framework for mapping complex genetic networks underlying human disease from genome-wide genotype data.
From famine to feast as dual diagnosis features in new UK government policy and strategy
Authors: Hamilton Ian 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to outline the latest policy announcements by the UK Government and how they relate to people who have co-occurring mental health and substance use problems.

Design/methodology/approach
A rapid review was undertaken of policy, strategy and guidance.

Findings
All three publications are united by their ambition to improve the care and treatment for people who have developed problems with substances and their mental health. The challenge will be to realise these ambitions in an environment where financial and human resources are contracting.

Originality/value
It is important for clinicians, commissioners of treatment and researchers to be kept informed of policy development and how these initiatives will affect people with mental health and substance use problems.
Practices and challenges of internationalization of higher education in China; international students’ perspective
Authors: Larbi Frank Okai , Fu Wangqian 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to conceptualize international students’ perception on the internationalization of higher education in China and identify some challenges faced by some of the higher educational institutions (HEIs) in their internationalization practice.

Design/methodology/approach
This study utilized the qualitative research method, specifically, the researchers employed structured interview for investigation. The population of this research includes 15 international students and five Chinese professors teaching in BNU. Participants’ responses were categorized to provide a better understanding of the subject of study.

Findings
This study identified some push-pull factors that influenced international students’ decision making to pursue their studies in China. Some of the push factors identified include the high cost of graduate education, unavailability of some academic courses in some students’ home countries, international exposure, and unemployment, whereas the pull factors identified constitute scholarship opportunities, an alliance between BNU and others foreign universities, global job opportunity, universities’ prestige, and ranking, Chinese history and culture, and technological advancement. Finally, the challenges discovered are professors and students’ relationship, language barrier, separation of international and Chinese students, and lack of internship opportunities.

Research limitations/implications
This study provides an in-depth understanding of the case presented and has outlined some key areas to be improved in the internationalization process of Chinese HEIs. Further studies in this area are encouraged to critically analyze foreign faculty members’ experiences and contributions to Chinese internationalization of HE process in different institutions and provide a substantial framework to help mitigate some of the challenges that will emerge.

Originality/value
This research collated and addressed the lived experiences and perception on matters relevant for international practices by Chinese HEIs. Researchers have explained the assumptions and theory used in this study to better understanding the issues that emerged.