bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
42. Paramedic Evaluation of Clinical Indicators of Cervical Spine Injury
Authors: Sahni Ritu , Menegazzi James J. , Mosesso Vincent N. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose: Standard prehospital practice includes frequent immobilization of blunt trauma patients, some based solely on mechanism. Unnecessary cervical spine (c-spine) immobilization does have disadvantages, including morbidity such as low back pain and splinting, increased scene time and costs, and patient-paramedic conflict. Emergency physicians (EPs) use clinical criteria to clear trauma patients of c-spine injury. If paramedics were able to apply clinical criteria in the out-of-hospital setting, then unnecessary c-spine immobilization could be safely avoided. We designed a prospective, randomized, simulated trial to determine the level of agreement between paramedic and EP assessment of clinical indicators of cervical spine injury. We hypothesized that there would be substantial agreement between paramedic and EP evaluation of standardized patients.Methods: A convenience sample of ten paramedics and ten attending EPs participated. Ten standardized patients, with various combinations of positive and negative findings, were examined simultaneously by EP-paramedic pairs. Each pair evaluated five randomly assigned patients for six clinical criteria, which were: 1) alteration in consciousness, 2) evidence of intoxication, 3) complaint of neck pain, 4) cervical tenderness, 5) neurologic deficit or complaint, and 6) distracting injury. If any criterion was positive, that was considered an immobilization decision. The kappa statistic was utilized to determine level of agreement between the two groups for each individual criterion and for the immobilization decision. A kappa of 0.40 to 0.75 denotes good reproducibility and >0.75 denotes excellent reproducibility.
74. Location of Cardiac Arrests: Implications for AED Placement
Authors: Atkins James M. , Zachariah Brian S. 
Published: July 2016

Hypothesis: First responder organizations with automated external defibrillators (AEDs) can have a larger impact on survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest than placing AEDs in large buildings.Methods: To evaluate the impact, all cardiac arrests handled by a large urban fire department for 1994 were analyzed. Each 5.6 square mile area of the city was defined as business (Bus), high (HilRes), middle (MilRes), or low income (LoIRes) residential. For each area, the CPR rates were calculated for the number of arrests/100 ambulance dispatches, and were stratified by percent of adults over age 65.Results: Of the 1,222 cardiac arrests, only 85 occurred in business and industrial areas, 1,041 occurred in residential areas. The downtown business district had only 77 arrests with half of those being outside of buildings or in shelters.
10th World Congress for Disaster and Emergency Medicine
Authors: Dick Wolfgang F. 
Published: July 2016

A little over 20 years ago, a small number of highly respected and internationally known scientists and experts in prehospital and in-hospital emergency and disaster medicine met under the chairmanship of Professor Peter Safar and the late Professor Rudolf Frey to found the Club of Mainz, with the aim of creating an association comparable to the renowned Club of Rome.The goals of the new club were primarily to foster and improve disaster medicine worldwide and to better prepare for future natural and manmade disasters. After little more than 20 years, the former Club of Mainz, later renamed the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM) celebrates its 20th anniversary and, at the same time, organizes the 10th World Congress on Emergency and Disaster Medicine. Over the past 10 years, the Congress has been held throughout the world, first in Mainz and later, e.g., Pittsburgh, London, Rio de Janeiro, Hong Kong, Stockholm, Jerusalem, to return in 1997 to its place of origin.To celebrate these events, the Congress program consists of three Plenary Sessions dedicated to aspects that already were of concern 20 years ago to assess the developments and progress made during that period of time.
Effects of serum amyloid A on the structure and antioxidant ability of high-density lipoprotein
Authors: Sato Megumi , Ohkawa Ryunosuke , Yoshimoto Akira , Yano Kouji , Ichimura Naoya , Nishimori Madoka , Okubo Shigeo , Yatomi Yutaka , Tozuka Minoru 
Published: July 2016

Serum amyloid A (SAA) levels increase during acute and chronic inflammation and are mainly associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In the present study, we investigated the effect of SAA on the composition, surface charge, particle size and antioxidant ability of HDL using recombinant human SAA (rhSAA) and HDL samples from patients with inflammation. We confirmed that rhSAA bound to HDL3 and released apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) from HDL without an apparent change in particle size. Forty-one patients were stratified into three groups based on serum SAA concentrations: Low (SAA ≤ 8 μg/ml), Middle (8 &lt; SAA ≤ 100 μg/ml) and High (SAA &gt; 100 μg/ml). The ratios of apoA-I to total protein mass, relative cholesterol content and negative charge of HDL samples obtained from patients with high SAA levels were lower than that for samples from patients with low SAA levels. Various particle sizes of HDL were observed in three groups regardless of serum SAA levels. Antioxidant ability of rhSAA, evaluated as the effect on the formation of conjugated diene in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) induced by oxidation using copper sulfate, was higher than that of apoA-I. Consistent with this result, reconstituted SAA-containing HDL (SAA-HDL) indicated higher antioxidant ability compared with normal HDL. Furthermore, HDL samples obtained from High SAA group patients also showed the highest antioxidant ability among the three groups. Consequently, SAA affects the composition and surface charge of HDL by displacement of apoA-I and enhances its antioxidant ability.
Grasses suppress shoot-borne roots to conserve water during drought
Authors: Sebastian Jose , Yee Muh-Ching , Goudinho Viana Willian , Rellán-Álvarez Rubén , Feldman Max , Priest Henry D. , Trontin Charlotte , Lee Tak , Jiang Hui , Baxter Ivan , Mockler Todd C. , Hochholdinger Frank , Brutnell Thomas P. , Dinneny José R. 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Grasses, whose members constitute key food and bioenergy crops worldwide, use unique developmental programs to establish the root system from the shoot. Shoot-borne crown roots originate near the soil surface and provide the main conduits through which the plant takes up water and nutrients. We show that crown root development is the major target of drought stress signaling. Water deficit-triggered crown root arrest provides an important mechanism to conserve water under drought, and this response is widely conserved across grass species. Substantial phenotypic variation exists in maize for this trait, which may be a useful target in breeding efforts to improve drought tolerance.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for multi-agent controllability of path and star topologies by exploring the information of second-order neighbours
Authors: Chao Yongcui , Ji Zhijian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article investigates the controllability of path and star graphs under the protocol of second-order neighbours. With identified special control nodes, a sufficient condition is first derived for the controllability of path graph by taking advantage of the protocol of second-order neighbours. Then necessary and sufficient conditions are developed respectively for the single and multiple leaders. Some differences between the protocol of second-order neighbours and first-order neighbours are also presented for path graph. Finally, a necessary and sufficient condition is proposed for the controllability of star graph by taking advantage of the protocol of second-order neighbours.
Metabolic tumor volume on FDG-PET/CT is a possible prognostic factor for Stage I lung cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy: a retrospective clinical study
Authors: Takahashi Noriyoshi , Yamamoto Takaya , Matsushita Haruo , Sugawara Toshiyuki , Kubozono Masaki , Umezawa Rei , Ishikawa Yojiro , Kozumi Maiko , Katagiri Yu , Tasaka Syun , Takeda Kazuya , Takeda Ken , Dobashi Suguru , Jingu Keiichi 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) are associated with outcomes in Stage I lung cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Thirty-eight patients underwent [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) within 60 days before SBRT at our institution between January 2001 and December 2011. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), MTV2, MTV4, MTV6, TLG40%, TLG50% and TLG60% were calculated. Prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and local control (LC) were analyzed using Cox's proportional hazards model, and survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves of PET parameters for OS and LC were calculated. The median follow-up period for survivors was 37.7 months. Three-year OS and LC rates were 56.4% and 70.5%, respectively, and 5-year OS and LC rates were 36.8% and 70.5%, respectively. In univariate analyses, tumor diameter (P = 0.019), single dose ≥10 Gy (P = 0.017), MTV2 (P = 0.030) and MTV4 (P = 0.048) were significant predictors for OS. Tumor diameter (P &lt; 0.001), single dose ≥10 Gy (P = 0.007), SUVmax (P = 0.035), MTV2 (P &lt; 0.001), MTV4 (P = 0.003), MTV6 (P = 0.017), TLG40% (P &lt; 0.001), TLG50% (P = 0.001) and TLG60% (P = 0.003) were significant predictors for LC. SUVmax was not a significant predictor for OS. We made the ROC curves at PET parameters, and the largest area under the curve value for OS was MTV2 and for LC was TLG40%. Tumor diameter, single dose ≥10 Gy, MTV2 and MTV4 are prognostic factors for OS and LC rates and MTV2 is a better prognostic factor for OS than other PET parameters.
Post-mastectomy radiation therapy without usage of a bolus may be a reasonable option
Authors: Nakamura Naoki , Arahira Satoko , Zenda Sadamoto , Yoneyama Kimiyasu , Mukai Hirofumi , Onozawa Masakatsu , Toshima Masamichi , Motegi Atsushi , Hirano Yasuhiro , Hojo Hidehiro , Kibe Yuichi , Akimoto Tetsuo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
To clarify the efficacy and toxicity of post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) without usage of a bolus, we identified 129 consecutive patients who received PMRT at the National Cancer Center Hospital East between 2003 and 2012. Seven of the 129 patients who received breast reconstruction before PMRT were excluded. All patients received PMRT of 6 MV photons, without usage of a bolus. The median follow-up duration for all eligible patients was 47.7 months (range: 4.0–123.2). Local, locoregional and isolated locoregional recurrence was found in 12 (9.8%), 14 (11%) and 5 patients (4.1%), respectively. The 3- and 5-year cumulative incidence of local recurrence, locoregional recurrence and isolated locoregional recurrence was 9.2 and 10.7%, 10.8 and 12.4%, and 4.3 and 4.3%, respectively. Although Grade 2 dermatitis was found in 11 patients (9.0%), no Grade 3–4 dermatitis was found. On univariate analysis, only a non-luminal subtype was a significant predictor for local recurrence (P &lt; 0.001). On multivariate analysis, a non-luminal subtype remained as an independent predictor for local recurrence (P = 0.003, odds ratio: 10.9, 95% confidence interval: 2.23–53.1). In conclusion, PMRT without usage of a bolus resulted in a low rate of severe acute dermatitis without an apparent increase in local recurrence. PMRT without usage of a bolus may be reasonable, especially for patients with a luminal subtype.
Regional recurrence in breast cancer patients with one to three positive axillary lymph nodes treated with breast-conserving surgery and whole breast irradiation
Authors: Hirata Kimiko , Yoshimura Michio , Inoue Minoru , Yamauchi Chikako , Ogura Masakazu , Toi Masakazu , Suzuki Eiji , Takeuchi Megumi , Takada Masahiro , Hiraoka Masahiro 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRadiotherapy with breast-conserving therapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of early breast cancer. However, optimal radiotherapy targets have been controversial. We therefore evaluated regional recurrence in breast cancer patients with one to three positive lymph nodes (LNs) treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by whole-breast irradiation (WBI). From 1993 to 2010, 121 breast cancer patients with one to three positive LNs who underwent BCS followed by WBI were analyzed. All patients underwent radiotherapy with two tangential fields to the whole breast. To evaluate the radiation dose to the axillary LNs, we contoured axillary LNs area and evaluated the dose–volumetric parameters. The median follow-up time was 112.4 months (range, 15.6–248.1 months). The 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 95.6% and 86.6%, respectively. The 5-year regional recurrence–free rate (RRFR) was 97.4%. During follow-up, six patients had regional recurrence. The pathological T stage was the factor best associated with the 5-year RRFR using the log-rank test, with 100.0% in the pT1 cohort versus 94.7% in the pT2–4 cohort (P &lt; 0.01). The radiation dose to the axillary LNs did not contribute to the RRFR. In conclusion, while the pathological T stage was the prognostic factor best associated with regional recurrence, few regional recurrences were observed in early breast cancer patients with one to three LNs treated with BCS followed by WBI. Unintentional radiation doses to the axillary LNs using standard WBI were not related to the RRFR after axillary dissection.
Selection bias in dynamically measured supermassive black hole samples: consequences for pulsar timing arrays
Authors: Sesana Alberto , Shankar Francesco , Bernardi Mariangela , Sheth Ravi K. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Supermassive black hole–host galaxy relations are key to the computation of the expected gravitational wave background (GWB) in the pulsar timing array (PTA) frequency band. It has been recently pointed out that standard relations adopted in GWB computations are in fact biased-high. We show that when this selection bias is taken into account, the expected GWB in the PTA band is a factor of about 3 smaller than previously estimated. Compared to other scaling relations recently published in the literature, the median amplitude of the signal at f = 1 yr−1 drops from 1.3 × 10−15 to 4 × 10−16. Although this solves any potential tension between theoretical predictions and recent PTA limits without invoking other dynamical effects (such as stalling, eccentricity or strong coupling with the galactic environment), it also makes the GWB detection more challenging.
Dipper discs not inclined towards edge-on orbits
Authors: Ansdell M. , Gaidos E. , Williams J. P. , Kennedy  G. , Wyatt M. C. , LaCourse D. M. , Jacobs T. L. , Mann A. W. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The so-called dipper stars host circumstellar discs and have optical and infrared light curves that exhibit quasi-periodic or aperiodic dimming events consistent with extinction by transiting dusty structures orbiting in the inner disc. Most of the proposed mechanisms explaining the dips – i.e. occulting disc warps, vortices, and forming planetesimals – assume nearly edge-on viewing geometries. However, our analysis of the three known dippers with publicly available resolved sub-mm data reveals discs with a range of inclinations, most notably the face-on transition disc J1604-2130 (EPIC 204638512). This suggests that nearly edge-on viewing geometries are not a defining characteristic of the dippers and that additional models should be explored. If confirmed by further observations of more dippers, this would point to inner disc processes that regularly produce dusty structures far above the outer disc mid-plane in regions relevant to planet formation.
Discovery of a high state AM CVn binary in the Galactic Bulge Survey
Authors: Wevers T. , Torres M. A. P. , Jonker P. G. , Wetuski J. D. , Nelemans G. , Steeghs D. , Maccarone T. J. , Heinke C. , Hynes R. I. , Udalski A. , Kostrzewa-Rutkowska Z. , Groot P. J. , Gazer R. , Szymański M. K. , Britt C. T. , Wyrzykowski Ł. , Poleski R. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We report on the discovery of a hydrogen-deficient compact binary (CXOGBS J175107.6-294037) belonging to the AM CVn class in the Galactic Bulge Survey. Deep archival X-ray observations constrain the X-ray positional uncertainty of the source to 0.57 arcsec, and allow us to uniquely identify the optical and UV counterpart. Optical spectroscopic observations reveal the presence of broad, shallow He i absorption lines while no sign of hydrogen is present, consistent with a high state system. We present the optical light curve from Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment monitoring, spanning 15 yr. It shows no evidence for outbursts; variability is present at the 0.2 mag level on time-scales ranging from hours to weeks. A modulation on a time-scale of years is also observed. A Lomb–Scargle analysis of the optical light curves shows two significant periodicities at 22.90 and 23.22 min. Although the physical interpretation is uncertain, such time-scales are in line with expectations for the orbital and superhump periods. We estimate the distance to the source to be between 0.5 and 1.1 kpc. Spectroscopic follow-up observations are required to establish the orbital period, and to determine whether this source can serve as a verification binary for the eLISA gravitational wave mission.
Surface Dielectric Resonators for X-band EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: Petryakov Sergey V. , Schreiber Wilson , Kmiec Maciej M. , Williams Benjamin B. , Swartz Harold M. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
A new resonator for X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, which utilizes the unique resonance properties of dielectric substrates, has been developed using a single crystal of titanium dioxide. As a result of the dielectric properties of the crystal(s) chosen, this novel resonator provides the ability to make in vivo EPR spectroscopy surface measurements in the presence of lossy tissues at X-band frequencies (up to 10 GHz). A double-loop coupling device is used to transmit and receive microwave power to/from the resonator. This coupler has been developed and optimized for coupling to the resonator in the presence of lossy tissues to further enable in vivo measurements, such as in vivo EPR spectroscopy of human fingernails or teeth to measure the dose of ionizing radiation that a given individual has been exposed to. An advantage of this resonator for surface measurements is that the magnetic fields generated by the resonator are inherently shallow, which is desirable for in vivo nail dosimetry.
Measuring the Cognitions, Emotions, and Motivation Associated With Avoidance Behaviors in the Context of Pain
Authors: Jensen Mark P. , Ward L. Charles , Thorn Beverly E. , Ehde Dawn M. , Day Melissa A. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives:
We recently proposed a Behavioral Inhibition System-Behavioral Activation System (BIS-BAS) model to help explain the effects of pain treatments. In this model, treatments are hypothesized to operate primarily through their effects on the domains within 2 distinct neurophysiological systems that underlie approach (BAS) and avoidance (BIS) behaviors. Measures of the model’s domains are needed to evaluate and modify the model.

Methods:
An item pool of negative responses to pain (NRP; hypothesized to be BIS related) and positive responses (PR; hypothesized to be BAS related) were administered to 395 undergraduates, 325 of whom endorsed recurrent pain. The items were administered to 176 of these individuals again 1 week later. Analyses were conducted to develop and validate scales assessing NRP and PR domains.

Results:
Three NRP scales (Despondent Response to Pain, Fear of Pain, and Avoidant Response to Pain) and 2 PR scales (Happy/Hopeful Responses and Approach Response) emerged. Consistent with the model, the scales formed 2 relatively independent overarching domains. The scales also demonstrated excellent internal consistency, and associations with criterion variables supported their validity. However, whereas the NRP scales evidenced adequate test-retest stability, the 2 PR scales were not adequately stable.

Discussion:
The study yielded 3 brief scales assessing NRP, which may be used to further evaluate the BIS-BAS model and to advance research elucidating the mechanisms of psychosocial pain treatments. The findings also provide general support for the BIS-BAS model, while also suggesting that some minor modifications in the model are warranted.
Regenerative Intervertebral Disc Endplate Based on Biomimetic Three-dimensional Scaffolds
Authors: Yuan Dechao , Chen Zhu , Zhou Yuchuan , Xiao Dongqin , Liu Kang , Xiang Xiaocong , Deng Li , Dong Hua , Feng Gang 
Published: July 2016

Study Design.
Fabrication and characterization of a regenerative intervertebral disc (IVD) cartilaginous endplate (CEP) based on tissue culturing on biomimetic scaffolds.

Objective.
To fabricate a regenerative CEP to support nutrients and metabolites exchange between IVD and the milieu interior.

Summary of Background Data.
CEP is the only pathway for most cells inside IVD to obtain nutrients and to eliminate metabolites. However, CEP usually fails at the same time when IVD degenerates. Therefore, reconstruction of CEP becomes an inevitable part of IVD regeneration. In this work, a novel regenerative CEP is fabricated to support nutrients and metabolites exchange of IVD.

Methods.
Three-dimensional scaffolds were fabricated by crosslinking of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and type II collagen. Then chondrocytes were cultured on the scaffolds. The obtained tissue was then investigated by scanning electron microscope, mechanical tests, and immunohistochemistry tests. In the end, glucose and lactic acid diffusion was carried out to test its nutrients and metabolites exchanging property.

Results.
Scanning electron microscopy investigations show that the 3-dimensional scaffold has microporous structure. After cell culturing, the inner structure of the obtained product becomes compact. Mechanical tests show that the obtained tissue has strong mechanical property. Immunohistochemistry tests show that the chemical compositions of the fabricated regenerative CEP are the same as its natural counterpart. Moreover, glucose and lactic acid diffuse through the regenerative CEP successfully.

Conclusion.
The fabricated regenerative CEP shows features similar to its natural counterpart. As the most important function, nutrients and metabolites exchange is verified on it as well. This regenerative CEP may play an important role in overall fabrication of regenerative IVD in near future.

Level of Evidence: N/A