bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating the Role of Surface Forcing on Observed Multidecadal Upper-Ocean Salinity Changes
Authors: Lago Véronique , Wijffels Susan E. , Durack Paul J. , Church John A. , Bindoff Nathaniel L. , Marsland Simon J. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The ocean’s surface salinity field has changed over the observed record, driven by an intensification of the water cycle in response to global warming. However, the origin and causes of the coincident subsurface salinity changes are not fully understood. The relationship between imposed surface salinity and temperature changes and their corresponding subsurface changes is investigated using idealized ocean model experiments. The ocean’s surface has warmed by about 0.5°C (50 yr)−1 while the surface salinity pattern has amplified by about 8% per 50 years. The idealized experiments are constructed for a 50-yr period, allowing a qualitative comparison to the observed salinity and temperature changes previously reported. The comparison suggests that changes in both modeled surface salinity and temperature are required to replicate the three-dimensional pattern of observed salinity change. The results also show that the effects of surface changes in temperature and salinity act linearly on the changes in subsurface salinity. Surface salinity pattern amplification appears to be the leading driver of subsurface salinity change on depth surfaces; however, surface warming is also required to replicate the observed patterns of change on density surfaces. This is the result of isopycnal migration modified by the ocean surface warming, which produces significant salinity changes on density surfaces.
The Use of a Nonprobability Internet Panel to Monitor Sexual and Reproductive Health in the General Population
Authors: Legleye Stéphane , Charrance Géraldine , Razafindratsima Nicolas , Bajos Nathalie , Bohet Aline , Moreau Caroline ,   the FECOND research Team
Published: December 2015

Background: Reliability of nonprobability online volunteer panels for epidemiological purposes has rarely been studied. Objectives: To assess the quality of a questionnaire on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) administered in a nonprobability Web panel and in a random telephone survey ( n = 8,992; n = 8,437, age 16–49 years). Especially, we were interested in the possible difference in the association of sociodemographic variables and some outcome variables in the two surveys that are in the reliability of analytical epidemiological studies conducted in such panels. Methods: Interventions to increase response rate were used in both surveys (four e-mail reminders, high number of call attempts and callbacks to refusals). Both were calibrated on the census population. Sociodemographic composition, effects of reminders, and prevalence were compared to their telephone counterpart. In addition, the associations of sociodemographic and sexual behaviors were compared in the two samples in multivariate logistic regressions. Results: The online survey had a lower response rate (20.0 percent vs. 44.8 percent) and a more distorted sociodemographic structure although the reminders improved the representativeness as did the analogous interventions on the telephone survey. Prevalences of SRH variables were similar for the common behaviors but higher online for the stigmatized behaviors, depending on gender. Overall, 29 percent of the 63 interactions studied were significant for males and 11 percent for women, although opposite effects of sociodemographic variables were rare (5 percent of the 171 tested for each gender). Conclusion: Nonprobability online panels are to be used with caution to monitor SRH and conduct analytical epidemiological studies, especially among men.
Midterm Outcomes of Reverse (Anteverting) Periacetabular Osteotomy in Patients With Hip Impingement Secondary to Acetabular Retroversion
Authors: Parry Joshua A. , Swann Russell P. , Erickson Jill A. , Peters Christopher L. , Trousdale Robert T. , Sierra Rafael J. 
Published: December 2015

Background: There is a paucity of data on the results of reverse (anteverting) periacetabular osteotomy (RPAO) for treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) secondary to acetabular retroversion. Purpose: To evaluate the midterm outcomes of RPAO for FAI secondary to acetabular retroversion in those with and without hip dysplasia. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective review identified RPAOs performed on patients with acetabular retroversion in isolation or in the setting of dysplasia (lateral center-edge angle [LCEA] ≤19°). Acetabular retroversion with FAI was diagnosed clinically and radiographically, with a positive crossover and posterior wall signs on pelvic radiographs. Twenty-three patients (30 hips) met the inclusion criteria; 20 hips with isolated retroversion and 10 hips with retroversion and hip dysplasia. The average age at the time of the procedure was 26 years (range, 13-45 years). The average length of follow-up was 5 years (range, 2-19 years). Harris Hip Score (HHS) and radiographs were evaluated preoperatively and at last follow-up. Results: The mean preoperative LCEA was 31° (range, 22°-49°) in the isolated retroversion group and 9° (range, –4° to 17°) in the dysplastic group. Postoperatively, the LCEA in the dysplastic group increased to 35° (range, 15°-46°) ( P = .0001). The crossover sign corrected in 55% (11/20) of the isolated retroversion group and 80% (8/10) of the dysplastic group. The acetabular index (mean ± SD) improved from 1.3 ± 0.3 to 1.7 ± 0.6 ( P = .0001), indicating improved anteversion. At the latest follow-up, the average HHS in the isolated retroversion group increased from 58 preoperatively (range, 23-77) to 93 (range, 68-100) ( P = .0001); the HHS in the dysplastic group improved from 49 (range, 20-74) to 92 (range, 77-100) ( P < .0001). Complication rates were similar in both groups. Excluding hardware removal, additional surgeries were performed in 13% (4/30). Conclusion: RPAO performed for FAI in the young patient with isolated acetabular retroversion or retroversion in the setting of dysplasia successfully improved clinical and radiographic results at mid- to long-term follow-up.
Impact of Tranexamic Acid in Total Knee and Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Boyle Jaclyn A. , Soric Mate M. 
Published: December 2015

Objective: To evaluate the net clinical benefit of tranexamic acid use in patients undergoing total knee or total hip replacement. Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients undergoing total knee or total hip replacement. The primary outcome was the net clinical benefit of tranexamic acid use. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, incidence of venous thromboembolism, change in hemoglobin, and number of units of blood transfused. Results: Four hundred and six patients were screened for inclusion and 327 patients met inclusion criteria; 174 patients received tranexamic acid versus 153 patients who received usual care. Tranexamic acid demonstrated a positive net clinical benefit versus usual care (40.8% vs 13.7%, P < .01) but did not affect length of stay (3.39 vs 3.37 days, respectively, P = .76). Venous thromboembolism was comparable between groups (2.3% vs 0.7%, P = .38). Average change in hemoglobin and need for transfusion were lower in the treatment group versus the usual care group, respectively (3.46 vs 4.26 mg/dL, P < .01). Conclusion: Tranexamic acid demonstrated a significant benefit in decreasing change in hemoglobin as well as the need for blood transfusion with no increase in the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total knee or total hip replacement.
Analysis of the knowledge backgrounds of library directors from top universities in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan
Authors: Minjie Yu , Youneng Pan , Nan Ding 
Published: December 2015

The purpose of the study is to investigate the knowledge backgrounds of library directors from top universities in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan to provide support for director selection and training in Chinese university libraries. The study selected 19 library directors from top universities in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. The data were collected mainly from official homepages of the selected university libraries or library organizations in combination with some supplementary information from individual departments of targeted university libraries. Most library directors from top universities in mainland China and Taiwan were educated at the universities in which they currently work and lack management experience. Such directors tend to be well-known scholars from fields other than library and information science. In contrast, library directors from top universities in Hong Kong have more diverse professional backgrounds, including significant experience working overseas in library and information science. The administrators and hiring committees of Chinese universities should focus on selecting library directors with diverse and advanced qualifications, as well as developing relevant laws and regulations to ensure that the selection of these directors remains competitive on the world stage. Although some studies of academic library directors have already been conducted, few studies have focused on Chinese library directors. This paper revealed the different models of knowledge backgrounds between directors of top universities in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.
Primary Subcutaneous Hydatid Cyst of the Thigh
Authors: Rodrigues Gabriel , Prabhu Raghunath 
Published: December 2015

Background: Hydatid disease, or echinococcosis, affects several organs in the body and can pose a major diagnostic dilemma. Musculoskeletal involvement occurs only in 1% to 6% of patients. Clinically, the condition mimics a soft tissue tumor, and a preoperative diagnosis (blood and radiology) is necessary to avoid biopsy, management, and recurrence. In endemic areas, a differential diagnosis of hydatid disease should be considered for every soft cystic mass in any anatomic location. Methods: The investigators report a rare case of primary subcutaneous hydatid cyst of the thigh, which was an incidental clinical and radiologic finding that led to a diagnostic dilemma in a 62-year-old woman with diabetes admitted for management of a nonhealing foot ulcer. Results: The patient underwent successful complete surgical excision with pre- and postoperative antihelminthic pharmacotherapy, and at the end of 2-year follow-up, there has been no local recurrence or systemic disease.
Starting out: New migrants’ socio-cultural integration trajectories in four European destinations
Authors: Diehl Claudia , Lubbers Marcel , Mühlau Peter , Platt Lucinda 
Published: December 2015

Migration trends are highly dynamic and the recent period has seen a transformation of migration to Europe. Studies of existing migrant stocks provide only limited information on these new migration flows and their implications for receiving societies. In the Norface-funded SCIP project (‘Socio-cultural integration processes among New Immigrants in Europe’), about 8000 recent migrants to four European destinations were surveyed soon after their arrival with many re-interviewed about 1.5 years later. The goal of the project was to obtain a more complete picture of integration processes in Europe and of the role of individual traits, group characteristics and reception contexts. SCIP data shed light on a highly dynamic phase in migrants’ integration that has important implications for what happens later in the adaptation process. Furthermore, these data reveal the extent to which differences in integration patterns are apparent from the very beginning of migrants’ stay or evolve over time. The SCIP project is comparative on the group and country level and thus helps to clarify whether country-specific integration patterns reflect characteristics of host country institutions and their ethnic boundaries – or can be attributed to the particularities of the immigrants these countries attract. This special issue demonstrates the potential of the data for addressing such questions, fundamental to our understanding of current and future migrant integration by bringing together six articles that tackle migrants' early adaptation, for example their language acquisition, the role of religiosity in finding a job, group differences in identification and acculturation, and experiences of discrimination across contexts. It also gives an insight into some limitations of the data set, describes the methodological challenges and possibilities in using it, and aims to inspire further research based on this unique data source.
Effectiveness of long-acting antipsychotics in clinical practice : 1. A retrospective, 18-month follow up and comparison between paliperidone palmitate, risperidone long-acting injection and zuclopenthixol decanoate
Authors: Cordiner Matthew , Shajahan Polash , McAvoy Sarah , Bashir Muhammad , Taylor Mark 
Published: December 2015

Objectives: In the UK, nine different compounds are available as long-acting antipsychotic injections (LAIs). There are few clinical guidelines for determining which LAIs are most effective in specific patient groups. To measure the clinical effectiveness of LAIs we aimed to determine the now-established concept of antipsychotic discontinuation rates and measure Clinical Global Impression (CGI) outcomes. Method: The population ( n was approximately 560,000) was a secondary care NHS adult mental health service in Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK. This was a retrospective, electronic case note search of LAI-naïve patients commenced on paliperidone palmitate ( n = 31), risperidone long-acting injection (RLAI) ( n = 102) or zuclopenthixol decanoate ( n = 105), with an 18-month follow up. Kaplan–Meier survival statistics for discontinuation rates and hospital admission were calculated. CGI severity and improvement scores were retrospectively assigned by the investigating team. Results: Paliperidone palmitate performed less favourably than risperidone long-acting injection (RLAI) or zuclopenthixol decanoate. Paliperidone palmitate had higher discontinuation rates due to any cause, inefficacy and increased hospitalization risk. Paliperidone palmitate had the smallest proportion of patients assigned a clinically desirable CGI-I score of 1 (very much improved) or 2 (much improved). Conclusions: Paliperidone palmitate had less favourable discontinuation and CGI outcomes compared with RLAI and zuclopenthixol decanoate. This could not be adequately explained by patients in the paliperidone group being more chronically or severely unwell, nor by the presence of comorbidities such as alcohol or substance misuse, or by the use of lower mean dosages compared with RLAI or zuclopenthixol decanoate. We considered that prescribers are familiarizing themselves with paliperidone and outcomes may improve over time.
Continuing clozapine treatment with lithium in schizophrenic patients with neutropenia or leukopenia: brief review of literature with case reports
Authors: Aydin Memduha , Ilhan Bilge Cetin , Calisir Saliha , Yildirim Seda , Eren Ibrahim 
Published: December 2015

Objective: Clozapine is a second-generation antipsychotic used for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Despite its effectiveness, clozapine is largely underused due to serious side effects such as leukopenia or neutropenia. We aimed to review whether to continue, discontinue or rechallenge clozapine treatment after such haematological side effects. Methods: We reviewed and summarized the literature on the use of clozapine, how to deal with its side effects, and suitable options in case of any haematological problems. Then, we described several cases successfully treated with clozapine and lithium after development of neutropenia or leukopenia Results: We present three patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. While they had demonstrated poor response to multiple antipsychotic trials, clozapine was started. Clozapine induced neutropenia; or leukopenia developed in some cases that was successfully reversed after lithium onset. Increased serious side effects related with coprescription of lithium and clozapine were not observed. Conclusion: Lithium increases neutrophil and total white blood cell count as a side effect that may be useful in patients who develop neutropenia or leukopenia while being treated with clozapine.
Trichomonosis in cats with diarrhoea in Hong Kong, China, between 2009 and 2014
Authors: Köster Liza S , Chow Carla , Yao Chaoqun 
Published: December 2015

Case series summary Infection of the domestic cat by Tritrichomonas blagburni, previously referred to as T foetus, may lead to a disease called feline trichomonosis, which manifests clinically as large bowel diarrhoea. The disease has a wide geographical distribution, including numerous countries in Europe, North America and Australia/Oceania. Nevertheless, it has occasionally been reported in Asia, South Korea and Japan. A retrospective study was carried out to include all domestic cats with diarrhoea, presented to two veterinary clinics in Hong Kong, China, between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2014. A total of 29 cats with diarrhoea were diagnosed with Tritrichomonas species infection by means of quantitative PCR and direct microscopy. Tritrichomonas species was more frequently found in young (median age 10 months), male (66%) and purebred cats (86%). Giardia species was found in 31% of Tritrichomonas species-positive cats. The recommended dose of ronidazole (30 mg/kg q24h for 14 days) resolved clinical signs in 83% of diagnosed cats. Relevance and novel information This case series describes Tritrichomonas species as a cause for feline chronic diarrhoea in cats in China. The high rate of failure (17%) in those cats receiving a standard regimen of ronidazole might be due to owner or patient compliance rather than protozoal resistance to the drug.
Surgical resolution of an oesophageal duplication cyst causing regurgitation in a domestic shorthair cat
Authors: Doran Ivan CP , Dawson Lou J , Costa Marta 
Published: December 2015

Case summary An 18-month-old female domestic shorthair cat was referred for investigation of a 6 month period of regurgitation. Contrast radiography indicated an intramural oesophageal structure. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of the area retrieved viscous fluid containing high numbers of squamous epithelial cells. Computed tomography disclosed a thin-walled contrast-enhancing structure containing non-enhancing homogenous contents. Exploratory thoracotomy confirmed an intramural cystic oesophageal structure, which was resected. Histopathological analysis of the resected tissue demonstrated an intramural oesophageal duplication cyst. A 12 month follow-up period has seen complete resolution of the cat’s clinical signs. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of successful oesophageal duplication cyst removal in a cat. Oesophageal duplication cysts should be included on the differential list for dysphagia and regurgitation in cats. Complete surgical removal in this cat carried a good long-term outcome.
Vasoactive Drugs and Hemodynamic Monitoring in Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care
Authors: Rizza Alessandra , Bignami Elena , Belletti Alessandro , Polito Angelo , Ricci Zaccaria , Isgrò Giuseppe , Locatelli Alessandro , Cogo Paola 
Published: December 2015

Background: Little is known about practitioner preference, the availability of technology, and variability in practice with respect to hemodynamic monitoring and vasoactive drug use after congenital heart surgery. The aim of this study was to characterize current hospital practices related to the management of low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) across Italy. Methods: We issued a 22-item questionnaire to 14 Italian hospitals performing pediatric cardiac surgery. Results: Electrocardiogram, invasive blood pressure, central venous pressure, pulse oximetry, diuresis, body temperature, arterial lactate, and blood gas analysis were identified as routine in hemodynamic monitoring. With regard to advanced hemodynamic monitoring, pulmonary arterial catheter and transpulmonary thermodilution were available in 43% of the centers, uncalibrated pulse contour methods in 29% of the centers, and transesophageal/transthoracic echocardiograms in all of the centers. Dopamine added to milrinone was the most frequent drug regimen for LCOS prevention after cardiopulmonary bypass. Overall, 86% of centers used milrinone alone as the initial treatment for LCOS with elevated systemic vascular resistances and levosimendan, the second preferred choice. In cases of LCOS with low vascular resistance, epinephrine was the first choice (10 centers), dopamine was the second choice (4 centers), followed by vasopressin and norepinephrine (3 centers). For treatment of LCOS with elevated pulmonary resistances, milrinone was the first choice (eight centers), followed by inhaled nitric oxide (five centers). Conclusions: The survey shows that advanced hemodynamic monitoring is rarely performed. The most commonly used vasoactive drugs are milrinone, levosimendan, dopamine, epinephrine, vasopressin, and norepinephrine. Guidelines on the topic are warranted.
Nicardipine for Hypertension Following Aortic Coarctectomy or Superior Cavopulmonary Anastomosis
Authors: Mastropietro Christopher W. , Arango Uribe Diego 
Published: December 2015

Background: Literature on the use of nicardipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, in children recovering from cardiac surgery is sparse and, to our knowledge, nonexistent in children with single ventricle anatomy. We aimed to report our experience with nicardipine in these patient populations. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of children recovering from aortic coarctectomy or superior cavopulmonary anastomoses who received nicardipine for hypertension at our institution between 2007 and 2013. Hemodynamic variables prior to and after nicardipine initiation were compared using paired t tests. Results: Seven children recovering from aortic coarctectomy (median age 8.6 months, range: 1.5 months-7.9 years) and four children recovering from superior cavopulmonary anastomosis (median age: seven months, range: five-nine months) were reviewed. For all patients, at six hours after initiation of nicardipine, mean systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased, 123 ± 19 versus 103 ± 14 mm Hg ( P = .001), as were diastolic blood pressure, 68 ± 20 versus 53.5 ± 10 mm Hg ( P = .041), and sodium nitroprusside dose, 4.3 ± 2.9 versus 1.3 ± 1.7 mcg/kg/min ( P = .002). Further, within 24 hours, serum lactate decreased from 1.45 ± 0.82 to 0.81 ± 0.29 mg/dL ( P = .016). Heart rate, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine measurements were statistically unchanged. Conclusions: Nicardipine effectively decreased blood pressure without apparent adverse events in a small cohort of children with postoperative hypertension while recovering from aortic coarctectomy or superior cavopulmonary anastomosis. Further research comparing nicardipine to more conventional titratable antihypertensive agents in these patient populations is warranted.