bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Big Five personality traits and medically unexplained symptoms in later life
Authors: van Dijk S.D.M. , Hanssen D. , Naarding P. , Lucassen P. , Comijs H. , Oude Voshaar R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundPersonality dysfunction has been postulated as the most clinically salient problem of persons suffering from medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) but empirical studies are scarce. This study aims to compare the personality profile of older patients suffering from MUS with two comparison groups and a control group.MethodsNinety-six older patients with MUS were compared with 153 frequent attenders in primary care suffering from medically explained symptoms (MES), 255 patients with a past-month depressive disorder (DSM-IV-TR), and a control group of 125 older persons. The Big Five personality domains (NEO-Five-Factor Inventory) were compared between groups by multiple ANCOVAs adjusted for age, sex, education, partner status and cognitive functioning. Linear regression analyses were applied to examine the association between health anxiety (Whitley Index) and somatization (Brief Symptom Inventory).ResultsThe four groups differed with respect to neuroticism (P < 0.001), extraversion (P < 0.001), and agreeableness (P = 0.045). Post hoc analyses, showed that MUS patients compared to controls scored higher on neuroticism and agreeableness, and compared to depressed patients lower on neuroticism and higher on extraversion as well agreeableness. Interestingly, MUS and MES patients had a similar personality profile. Health anxiety and somatization were associated with a higher level of neuroticism and a lower level of extraversion and conscientiousness, irrespective whether the physical symptom was explained or not.ConclusionsOlder patients with MUS have a specific personality profile, comparable to MES patients. Health anxiety and somatization may be better indicators of psychopathology than whether a physical symptom is medically explained or not.
The suicidality continuum in a large sample of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) patients
Authors: Velloso P. , Piccinato C. , Ferrão Y. , Aliende Perin E. , Cesar R. , Fontenelle L. , Hounie A.G. , do Rosário M.C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has a chronic course leading to huge impact in the patient’s functioning. Suicidal thoughts and attempts are much more frequent in OCD subjects than once thought before.AimTo empirically investigate whether the suicidal phenomena could be analyzed as a suicidality severity continuum and its association with obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptom dimensions and quality of life (QoL), in a large OCD sample.MethodsCross-sectional study with 548 patients diagnosed with OCD according to the DSM-IV criteria, interviewed in the Brazilian OCD Consortium (C-TOC) sites. Patients were evaluated by OCD experts using standardized instruments including: Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (YBOCS); Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (DYBOCS); Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories; Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID); and the SF-36 QoL Health Survey.ResultsThere were extremely high correlations between all the suicidal phenomena. OCD patients with suicidality had significantly lower QoL, higher severity in the “sexual/religious”, “aggression” and “symmetry/ordering” OC symptom dimensions, higher BDI and BA scores and a higher frequency of suicide attempts in a family member. In the regression analysis, the factors that most impacted suicidality were the sexual dimension severity, the SF-36 QoL Mental Health domain, the severity of depressive symptoms and a relative with an attempted suicide history.ConclusionsSuicidality could be analyzed as a severity continuum and patients should be carefully monitored since they present with suicidal ideation. Lower QoL scores, higher scores on the sexual dimension and a family history of suicide attempts should be considered as risk factors for suicidality among OCD patients.
Outcomes of in vitro fertilization cycles among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome following ovarian puncture for in vitro maturation
Authors: Lin Jia , Wang Peiyu , Zhao Junzhao , Xiao Shiquan , Yu Rong , Jin Congcong , Zhu Ruru 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of ovarian puncture for in vitro maturation (IVM) on subsequent in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryo transfer cycles in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsA retrospective study included data from patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China, between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2014. Patients with PCOS undergoing IVF cycles after having been treated with IVM unsuccessfully were included as the study group and an IVF‐procedure data‐matched control group of patients undergoing their first IVF cycles was included in a 1:4 ratio. Patients with reproductive anomalies were excluded. Endocrine‐hormone levels and antral follicle counts were measured and fertilization‐related outcomes were evaluated.ResultsThere were 49 patients included in the study group and 196 included in the control group. Within the study group, basal luteal‐hormone, testosterone, and antral follicle count levels were significantly lower following IVM treatment. The total gonadotropin dose was lower (P < 0.001) and the duration of stimulation was shorter (P < 0.001) in the study group compared with the control group. The clinical‐pregnancy rate was higher in the study group (P = 0.018) and no difference was observed between the groups in ovarian hyper‐stimulation syndrome (P = 0.633).ConclusionsPrevious IVM resulted in improved endocrine profiles and increased clinical‐pregnancy rates among patients with PCOS undergoing IVF cycles.
Progression from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment in a diverse clinic‐based and community‐based elderly cohort
Authors: Chen Yingjia , Denny Katherine G. , Harvey Danielle , Farias Sarah Tomaszewski , Mungas Dan , DeCarli Charles , Beckett Laurel 
Published: September 2016

IntroductionInvestigation of the conversion rates from normal cognition (NC) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is important, as effective early intervention could potentially prevent or substantially delay the onset of dementia. However, reported conversion rates differ across studies and recruitment source. Our study examined predictors of conversion from NC to MCI in a racially and ethnically diverse sample drawn both from community and clinic recruitment sources.MethodsRates and predictors of conversion were assessed in an ongoing prospective longitudinal study at University of California, Davis, Alzheimer's Disease Center from 2000 to 2015. Participants (n = 254) were recruited through a clinic (5%) and community sample (95%). They were clinically confirmed as cognitively normal at baseline and followed up to seven years. Recruitment source, demographic factors (age, gender, race/ethnicity, year of education, APOE ε4 positive), cognitive measures (SENAS test scores), functional assessments (CDR sum of boxes), and neuroimaging measures (total brain volume, total hippocampal volume, white hyperintensity volume) were assessed as predictors of conversion from cognitively normal to mild cognitive impairment using proportional hazards models.ResultsOf 254 participants, 62 (11 clinic, 51 community) progressed to MCI. The clinic‐based sample showed an annual conversion rate of 30% (95% CI 17%–54%) per person‐year, whereas the community‐based sample showed a conversion rate of 5% (95% CI 3%–6%) per person‐year. Risk factors for conversion include clinic‐based recruitment, being older, lower executive function and worse functional assessment at baseline, and smaller total brain volume.DiscussionOlder adults who sought out a clinical evaluation, even when they are found to have normal cognition, have increased risk of subsequent development of MCI. Results are consistent with other studies showing subjective cognitive complaints are a risk for future cognitive impairment, but extend such findings to show that those who seek evaluation for their complaints are at particularly high risk. Moreover, these individuals have subtle, but significant differences in functional and cognitive abilities that, in the presence of concerns and evidence of atrophy on by brain imaging, warrant continued clinical follow‐up. These risk factors could also be used as stratification variables for dementia prevention clinical trial design.
Entropy generation as a practical tool of optimisation for non-Newtonian nanofluid flow through a permeable stretching surface using SLM
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Mubashir , Abbas Tehseen , Rashidi Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this article, entropy generation on non-Newtonian Eyring-Powell nanofluid has been analysed through a permeable stretching sheet. The governing flow problem is based on linear momentum, thermal energy, and nanoparticle concentration equation which are simplified with the help of similarity transformation variables. The resulting coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically with the help of Successive Linearization method (SLM) and Chebyshev Spectral collocation method. The novel characteristics of all the physical parameters are discussed with the help of graphs and tables. The expression for local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number is also taken into account. It is observed that velocity profile increases due to the greater influence of suction parameter. Moreover, Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameter significantly enhance the temperature profile, however Brownian motion parameter shows converse behaviour on nanoparticle concentration profile. Entropy profile acts as an increasing function of all the pertinent parameters.
Highlights This study analyses entropy generation on non-Newtonian Eyring-Powell nanofluid through a permeable stretching sheet. The governing flow problem is modelled with the help of similarity transformation variables. The physical behavior of all parameters of the problem is discussed. Comparison with an existing results shows the validity of the present methodology.
Effectiveness and safety of dabigatran versus warfarin in “real‐world” Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation: A single‐center observational study
Authors: Naganuma Miyoko , Shiga Tsuyoshi , Nagao Takehiko , Suzuki Atsushi , Murasaki Kagari , Hagiwara Nobuhisa 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn “real‐world” practice, anticoagulant therapy is indicated for patients whose clinical profiles are not addressed in randomized clinical trials. We assessed the effectiveness and safety of dabigatran versus warfarin in “real‐world” Japanese patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).MethodsAmong 613 NVAF patients who initiated dabigatran or warfarin therapy during the period between 2011 and 2013, 362 patients were included in the study after propensity score adjustment. The median follow‐up period was 1.3 years. The effectiveness and safety outcomes were thromboembolism and major bleeding, respectively.ResultsThe propensity‐matched hazard ratios of thromboembolism and major bleeding with dabigatran were 1.03 (95% CI: 0.12–8.04, p=0.971) and 0.15 (95% CI: 0.01–0.90, p=0.037), respectively.ConclusionsThe ability of dabigatran to prevent thromboembolism is comparable to that of warfarin; however, the major bleeding rate is lower with dabigatran in “real‐world” NVAF patients.
Sexual Assault Disclosure and Sexual Functioning: The Role of Trauma Symptomatology
Authors: Staples Jennifer M. , Eakins Danielle , Neilson Elizabeth C. , George William H. , Davis Kelly Cue , Norris Jeanette 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Previous research has demonstrated that a history of adult sexual assault (ASA) is associated with negative outcomes, including trauma symptomatology and fear of sexual intimacy. Disclosing sexual assault might be protective against such negative outcomes.

Aim
To examine the indirect effect of trauma symptomatology on the association between disclosing ASA and current sexual functioning.

Methods
Participants included 652 women 21 to 30 years old with a history of ASA recruited from the community. Participants completed self-report measurements on a computer.

Main Outcome Measures
Separate models were performed, with sexual functioning divided into sexual desire, orgasm, and pain during sex.

Results
ASA disclosure was indirectly associated with sexual orgasm and pain during sex by trauma symptomatology. However, there was no indirect effect of trauma symptomatology on the relation between ASA disclosure and sexual desire.

Conclusion
Disclosing experiences of ASA could serve a protective function by lessening trauma symptomatology, thereby mitigating impacts on aspects of sexual functioning, such as orgasm and pain.
Implementation of an Emergency Department Sepsis Bundle and System Redesign: A Process Improvement Initiative
Authors: McColl Tamara , Gatien Mathieu , Calder Lisa , Yadav Krishan , Tam Ryan , Ong Melody , Taljaard Monica , Stiell Ian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn 2008–2009, the Canadian Institute for Health Information reported over 30,000 cases of sepsis hospitalizations in Canada, an increase of almost 4,000 from 2005. Mortality rates from severe sepsis and septic shock continue to remain greater than 30% in Canada and are significantly higher than other critical conditions treated in the emergency department (ED). Our group formed a multidisciplinary sepsis committee, conducted an ED process of care analysis, and developed a quality improvement protocol. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of this sepsis management bundle on patient mortality.MethodsThis before and after study was conducted in two large Canadian tertiary care EDs and included adult patients with suspected severe infection that met at least two systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria. We studied the implementation of a sepsis bundle including triage flagging, RN medical directive, education campaign, and a modified sepsis protocol. The primary outcomes were 30-day all-cause mortality and sepsis protocol use.ResultsWe included a total of 167 and 185 patients in the pre- and post-intervention analysis, respectively. Compared to the pre-intervention group, mortality was significantly lower in the post-intervention group (30.7% versus 17.3%; absolute difference, 13.4%; 95% CI 9.8–17.0; p=0.006). There was also a higher rate of sepsis protocol use in the post-intervention group (20.3% versus 80.5%, absolute difference 60.2%; 95% CI 55.1–65.3; p<0.001). Additionally, we found shorter time-intervals from triage to MD assessment, fluid resuscitation, and antibiotic administration as well as lower rates of vasopressor requirements and ICU admission.InterpretationThe implementation of our multidisciplinary ED sepsis bundle, including improved early identification and protocolized medical care, was associated with improved time to achieve key therapeutic interventions and a reduction in 30-day mortality. Similar low-cost initiatives could be implemented in other EDs to potentially improve outcomes for this high-risk group of patients.
Comparison of functional outcomes in elderly who have sustained a minor trauma with or without head injury: a prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Brousseau Audrey-Anne , Émond Marcel , Sirois Marie-Josée , Daoust Raoul , Griffith Lauren E. , Lang Eddy , Lee Jacques , Perry Jeffrey J. , Ouellet Marie-Christine , Verreault René , Berthelot Simon , Mercier Éric , Allain-Boulé Nadine , Boucher Valérie , Tardif Pier-Alexandre , Le Sage Natalie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe consequences of minor trauma involving a head injury (MT-HI) in independent older adults are largely unknown. This study assessed the impact of a head injury on the functional outcomes six months post-injury in older adults who sustained a minor trauma.MethodsThis multicenter prospective cohort study in eight sites included patients who were aged 65 years or older, previously independent, presenting to the emergency department (ED) for a minor trauma, and discharged within 48 hours. To assess the functional decline, we used a validated test: the Older Americans’ Resources and Services Scale. The cognitive function of study patients was also evaluated. Finally, we explored the influence of a concomitant injury on the functional decline in the MT-HI group.ResultsAll 926 eligible patients were included in the analyses: 344 MT-HI patients and 582 minor trauma without head injury. After six months, the functional decline was similar in both groups: 10.8% and 11.9%, respectively (RR=0.79 [95% CI: 0.55–1.14]). The proportion of patients with mild cognitive disabilities was also similar: 21.7% and 22.8%, respectively (RR=0.91 [95% CI: 0.71–1.18]). Furthermore, for the group of patients with a MT-HI, the functional outcome was not statistically different with or without the presence of a co-injury (RR=1.35 [95% CI: 0.71–2.59]).ConclusionThis study did not demonstrate that the occurrence of a MT-HI is associated with a worse functional or cognitive prognosis than other minor injuries without a head injury in an elderly population, six months after injury.
Sources of Information During the 2014 West Virginia Water Crisis: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Savoia Elena , Lin Leesa , Viswanath Kasisomayajula 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveOn January 9, 2014, a faulty storage tank leaked 10,000 gallons of an industrial coal-processing liquid into the Elk River in West Virginia, contaminating the drinking water of 9 counties collectively known as the Kanawha Valley. In the context of this event, we explored the relationship between social determinants and (1) the timeliness with which residents learned about the crisis, (2) the source of information, (3) opinions on the source of information, (4) information-seeking behaviors, and (5) knowledge acquired.MethodsBetween February 7 and 26, 2014, we conducted a survey of 690 adult residents of West Virginia. Descriptive statistics and multivariable statistical models were performed.ResultsInformation about water contamination spread quickly, with 88% of respondents from the affected counties hearing about the incident on the same day it occurred. Most people received the information from local television news (73%); social media users had 120% increased odds of knowing about the recommended behaviors. People who had a favorable opinion of the source of information demonstrated better knowledge of recommended behaviors.ConclusionsThe use of local television news during a crisis is important for timely dissemination of information. Information exposure across segments of the population differed on the basis of the population’s background characteristics. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:196–206)
Demographic characteristics of survivors of torture presenting for treatment to a national centre for survivors of torture in Ireland (2001–2012)
Authors: Duffy R. M. , O’Sullivan S. , Straton G. , Singleton B. , Kelly B. D. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesThe asylum process has received a lot of recent media attention but little has been said about the psychological needs of those seeking or granted asylum. Many asylum seekers have experienced trauma and torture, which is associated with substantial psychiatric and psychological morbidity. The Spiritan Asylum Services Initiative (Spirasi) is Ireland’s national treatment centre for survivors of torture. The aim of this study was to examine the demographic profile of those attending Spirasi and to consider potential clinical implications of this.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed demographic data relating to the 2590 individuals who attended Spirasi over a 12-year period (2001–2012 inclusive).ResultsThe majority of attenders were asylum seekers (88%), male (71%) and from African countries. The mean age was 31.9 years. The rate of new referrals, as a percentage of Ireland’s asylum-seeking population, has stabilised at ~6% since 2008. Women are underrepresented among those who attend.ConclusionsThe number of new referrals to Spirasi is lower than expected given international estimates of torture prevalence and the impact this has on mental health. Clinicians working with populations of asylum seekers and refugees should sensitively enquire about such events and be aware of the available services. Female refugees and asylum seekers are underrepresented, especially from Asian and Middle Eastern regions. Psychiatric, psychological and general practice services need to respond flexibly to evolving patterns of migration and address potential barriers to access, especially among female refugees and asylum seekers.
Simple and double microemulsions via the capillary breakup of highly stretched liquid jets
Authors: Evangelio A. , Campo-Cortés F. , Gordillo J. M. 
Published: September 2016

We present an exhaustive experimental and theoretical study of the shapes of simple and compound jets formed when one (simple) or two (compound) immiscible liquids are injected into another liquid. The viscosity of the co-flowing external liquid is chosen to vary the characteristic Reynolds number of the outer stream, $Re_{o}$, over a wide range of values. Our slender-body theory in Gordillo et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 738, 2014, pp. 335–357) is extended to predict the shapes of simple jets when $Re_{o}$ is such that $Re_{o}\gg 1$ and also to predict the shapes of compound jets in the case of $Re_{o}\lesssim O(1)$. The validity of our theoretical results, applicable to describe the dynamics of simple or compound jets within an outer carrier fluid in a wide variety of practical situations, is tested using a set-up where the liquids flow from a pressurized chamber towards an extraction tube, finding a very good agreement between the predicted and the observed shapes. Moreover, when $Re_{o}\lesssim O(1)$, and thanks to the fact that the liquid jets produced using our method are highly stretched in the downstream direction, we find that the values of the critical capillary number above which a steady stretched jet is produced, with the capillary number defined here using the outer stream velocity and viscosity, is well below the corresponding critical values characterizing other similar procedures, like flow focusing. This experimental result, which is supported by a spatio-temporal stability analysis in which the axial gradients of the unperturbed solution are retained in the dispersion relation, imply a substantial saving of energy and of the volume of outer liquid necessary to generate a steady capillary jet from which drops are regularly produced. Additionally, making use of continuity arguments and of the fact that drops are formed as a consequence of the growth of a capillary instability, we provide closed expressions for the drop diameters and their production frequencies when the capillary number is above the critical one, in very good agreement with experiments. The simple or double microemulsions generated by the capillary disintegration of the type of simple or compound highly stretched steady jets described here might find applications in biotechnology, pharmacy, cosmetics or materials science.