bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land use and cover change scenarios in the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor-Chiapas, México
Authors: Ramírez-Mejía Diana , Cuevas Gabriela , Meli Paula , Mendoza Eduardo 
Published: July 2017

Background. Human impact over natural ecosystems located in Southern Mexico is increasingly evident. We generated a spatially explicit land use and cover change (LUCC) model to assess current and potential impact of human activities and to identify the influence of variables such as: distance to paved and unpaved roads, human settlements, rivers, slope and protected areas.
Study site. Mesoamerican Biological Corridor located in the state of Chiapas (MBC-Ch), Mexico.
Methods. We calibrated a model for the period 1993-2002 and ran a simulation for 2007 which we compared against the real 2007 land use and cover map to evaluate model’s performance. We then projected LUCC to 2030 under three different scenarios: 1) Agriculture and Livestock (AGL), 2) Business As Usual (BAU) and, 3) Conservation (CON).
Results. Proximity to roads and settlements increased deforestation probabilities whereas the presence of natural protected areas had the opposite effect. The AGL scenario predicted a reduction of 43 % and 41 % in the extent of closed tropical and temperate forests, respectively. In comparison, the BAU scenario predicted a reduction of 19.5 % in the area covered by closed tropical forest and of 30.1 % in temperate forests. The extent of land destined to farming and forestry increased by 22 % and 15 % in the AGL and BAU scenarios, respectively. In contrast, the CON scenario predicted slight changes in the landscape.
Conclusions. Our simulations indicate that it is highly probable to see a marked decay in the extent (and likely integrity) of natural habitats in the MBC-Ch region if a comprehensive series of management actions are not urgently implemented.
The effect of temperature and chlorine residual on the presence of Legionella spp. in water systems of public and tourist facilities
Authors: Besic Adna , Obradovic Zarema , Dautbegovic Adisa , Obradovic Amina 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Legionella bacteria are ubiquitous microorganisms mostly found in artificial water environments, especially those which produce aerosol, such as swimming pools, saunas, and spas. Development of Legionella depends on several factors, including water temperature and chlorine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of Legionella spp. to the temperature and free residual chlorine in tap water, water from fountains, swimming pools, cooling and heating systems.
Methods: We collected 238 samples of water taken from different places and analyzed the presence of Legionella spp. by BAS EN ISO 11731-2:2009 - Water quality – Detection and enumeration of Legionella - Part 2: A direct membrane filtration method for waters with low bacterial counts, as samples were the waters with low expectancy of bacterial contamination compared to the temperature and free residual chlorine. The X2 test was used to show statistical significance.
Results: Legionella spp. was detected in 18.62% of tap water and in 8.82% samples of water taken from fountains, swimming pools, and cooling and heating systems. The highest number of positive samples were detected in waters with the temperature higher than 20°C and lower than 50°C. The highest number of positive samples were reported by the concentration of free residual chlorine lower than 0.2 mg/l. The X2 test showed a statistically significant difference between positive and negative results for the presence of Legionella spp. among three groups of water samples.
Conclusion: The research has shown a connection between environmental factors and the presence of Legionella spp. in the water systems of public and tourist facilities.
The modelling of lead removal from water by deep eutectic solvents functionalized CNTs: artificial neural network (ANN) approach
Authors: Fiyadh Seef Saadi , AlSaadi Mohammed Abdulhakim , AlOmar Mohamed Khalid , Fayaed Sabah Saadi , Hama Ako R. , Bee Sharifah , El-Shafie Ahmed 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe main challenge in the lead removal simulation is the behaviour of non-linearity relationships between the process parameters. The conventional modelling technique usually deals with this problem by a linear method. The substitute modelling technique is an artificial neural network (ANN) system, and it is selected to reflect the non-linearity in the interaction among the variables in the function. Herein, synthesized deep eutectic solvents were used as a functionalized agent with carbon nanotubes as adsorbents of Pb2+. Different parameters were used in the adsorption study including pH (2.7 to 7), adsorbent dosage (5 to 20 mg), contact time (3 to 900 min) and Pb2+ initial concentration (3 to 60 mg/l). The number of experimental trials to feed and train the system was 158 runs conveyed in laboratory scale. Two ANN types were designed in this work, the feed-forward back-propagation and layer recurrent; both methods are compared based on their predictive proficiency in terms of the mean square error (MSE), root mean square error, relative root mean square error, mean absolute percentage error and determination coefficient (R2) based on the testing dataset. The ANN model of lead removal was subjected to accuracy determination and the results showed R2 of 0.9956 with MSE of 1.66 × 10−4. The maximum relative error is 14.93% for the feed-forward back-propagation neural network model.
Potensi Konflik Penggembalaan Kuda pada Habitat Rusa Timor (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822) di Kawasan Tanjung Torong Padang, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Kayat Kayat , Pudyatmoko Satyawan , Maksum Muchammad , Imron Muhammad Ali 
Published: July 2017

Penggembalaan ternak telah diyakini memengaruhi keberadaan satwa liar, termasuk rusa timor (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822) melalui kompetisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penggembalaan lepas ternak kuda yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat lokal di kawasan Tanjung Torong Padang, Nusa Tenggara Timur menjadi pesaing bagi rusa timor. Observasi lapangan dan wawancara dengan pemilik kuda dilakukan untuk menentukan distribusi kuda di habitat rusa timor. Preferensi pakan dari ternak kuda dan rusa timor dikumpulkan menggunakan identifikasi spesies dari kotoran dan dibandingkan dengan plot berukuran 1 x 1 m2 di daerah makan dari kedua hewan tersebut selama musim kering dan hujan pada 2014 dan 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada indikasi yang jelas dari persaingan antara rusa timor dan penggembalaan liar kuda di kawasan Tanjung Torong Padang. Rusa timor dan kuda tidak terjadi tumpang tindih spasial dalam distribusi mereka di lokasi tersebut. Ternak kuda menempati savana perbukitan, sedangkan rusa lebih suka menempati savana dengan pohon rengit (Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth) dan lembah dengan vegetasi hutan tropis kering. Selain itu, rusa timor lebih menyukai makan semak dan dedaunan (browser), sementara kuda lebih menyukai rumput (grazer). Kehadiran ternak lepas kuda di kawasan Tanjung Torong Padang tidak berpengaruh negatif untuk rusa timor dan habitatnyaConflict Potential of Free-Roaming Horse Grazing on Timor Deer (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822) Habitat in Torong Padang Cape Area, East Nusa TenggaraAbstractLivestock grazing had been believed to affect on the existence of wildlife, including the timor deer (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822) through competition. This study aimed to determine whether the free-roaming horse grazing owned by local communities in Torong Padang Cape, East Nusa Tenggara become a competitor for timor deer. Field observations and interviews with horse owners were carried out to determine the distribution of horse in timor deer habitat. Food preference of both horse and timor deer were collected using species identification from feces and compared with 1 x 1 m2 plots at feeding areas of both animals during the dry and rainy seasons in 2014 and 2015. There is no clear indication of competition between timor deer and free-roaming horses in the Torong Padang Cape area.The deer and horse avoided overlapping spatially in their distribution in the Cape. The free-roaming horse mainly occupied hilly savanna, whereas timor deer preferred to occupy savanna with lebbek tree (Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth) and valleys with tropical dry forest vegetation. In addition, the timor deer prefer to feed shrubs and foliage (browser), while horses prefer grass (grazer). The presence of free-roaming horse in the Torong Padang Capearea does not affect negatively for the timor deer and its habitat.
Optimalisasi Pembagian Batang (Bucking Policy) Kayu Bulat Jati dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Pendapatan KPH Madiun
Authors: Andayani Wahyu , Purwanto Ris Hadi , Riyanto Slamet 
Published: July 2017

Pendapatan KPH Madiun akan naik jika metode pembagian batang optimal diimplementasikan, sesuai dengan teori optimalisasi. Hal tersebut karena lebih dari 50% kontribusi pendapatan KPH Madiun Perum Perhutani Unit II Jawa Timur sampai saat ini berasal dari penjualan kayu jati. Produk yang dijual meliputi berbagai sortimen yang ditetapkan dengan kebijakan pembagian batang sesuai “Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Pembagian Batang Kayu Bundar Jati Tahun 2006”. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menerapkan metode pembagian batang optimal dengan menggunakan teori program linier. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa, terdapat 96 alternatif cara pembagian batang dari 6 kelas diameter, dan 16 sortimen terdiri dari : vinir, hara, kayu bahan parket (KBP) untuk kebutuhan industri lokal. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah : pendapatan KPH Madiun meningkat sebesar Rp. 4.599.460/m3, atau sebesar Rp. 8.921.623/pohon, sedangkan realisasi pendapatan usaha yang diperoleh saat ini adalah sebesar Rp. 3.701.503/m3 atau sebesar Rp. 7.179.847/pohon. Dengan demikian jika metode optimalisasi diterapkan nilai ekonomi per pohon akan naik sebesar 24,26% atau setara dengan volume sebesar 1,94 m3.Bucking Policy Optimization of Teak Log to Increase the Revenue of KPH Madiun. AbstractThe revenue of KPH Madiun could have been effectively increased through improvement in its bucking policy implementation. Such implementation had been formulated in this research using optimization theory to generate the maximum total economic values of log assortments cut from felled trees. As teakwood production had been the core business, contributing more than 50 % of the revenue, KPH Madiun Perum Perhutani Unit II East Java had been choosen as the object and location of this research. The research found and analized 96 alternatives of bucking policy implementations, derived from 6 possible diameter classes, and 16 possible assortment quality classes. The log assortment was identified by its diameter, length, and quality, as raw materials of veneer, parquet, and local industry. Through optimization process, the optimum bucking policy could potentially increase revenue of KPH Madiun to the maximum of IDR 4,599,460 per m3, or IDR 8,921,623 per tree of 1.94 m3 average. Comparing to existing revenue of IDR 3,701,503 per m3, or IDR 7,179,847 per tree of the same average, which has been based on the formal bucking policy guidance of um Perhutani Unit II (2006), it could be a significant potential increase of 24.26 % or equal to 1.94 m3.
Pertumbuhan Tunas Beberapa Klon Jati Terseleksi setelah Pemangkasan di Persemaian
Authors: Adinugraha Hamdan Adma , Hasnah Tri Maria , Waris Waris 
Published: July 2017

Kebun pangkas jati dibangun dalam rangka memperbanyak klon-klon terseleksi di plot uji klon jati. Biasanya, kebun pangkas dibangun pada lahan dengan luasan tertentu. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan pertunasan beberapa klon jati pada kebun pangkas jati di tingkat persemaian. Penelitian ini disusun dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan perlakuan 10 klon jati yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali dengan 10 tanaman pangkasan dalam setiap ulangan. Klon yang digunakan adalah hasil seleksi uji klon jati di Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta.Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan perlakuan klon berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakter jumlah tunas, panjang tunas, diameter tunas, jumlah ruas dan jumlah daun. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan untuk pertumbuhan tunas pada umur 6 minggu diperoleh rerata jumlah tunas 4,33; panjang tunas 9,09 cm; diameter tunas 5,91 mm; jumlah ruas tunas 2,38, dan jumlah daun 5,09 helai. Persentase hidup tanaman setelah pemangkasan bervariasi antar klon antara 86,67-96,67%. Hasil penaksiran nilai heritabilitas untuk pertumbuhan tunas termasuk kategori sedang sampai tinggi yaitu sebesar 0,41-0,73.The Shoot Growth of Several Selected Clones of Teak after Coppicing in the NurseryAbstractTeak hedge garden was established to multiply several selected clones of teak from clonal test trial. It was usually established on a certain arable land. This study was conducted to determine the ability of various teak clones in the sprouting hedge garden which was established in the nursery. The study was arranged in randomized complete block design with 10 clones, 3 replications, and 10 individual ramet per replication. The tested clones were selected from a teak clonal test in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. The results showed that clones significantly affected the shoot growth: number, length, diameter, number of internode and number of leaf. At 6 weeks after hedging, the average of shoot number was 4.3, shoot length of 9.1 cm, shoot diameter of 5.9 mm, the number of internode of 2.4, and the average number of leaves was 5.1. The survival rate of plants after hedging treatment was varied from 86.7 to 96.7 %. Estimated heritability for shoot growth was categorized as moderate to high, varying from 0.41 to 0.73.
The Impact of Transportation Costs on the Profitability of Heat and Power Generation with Wood Products
Authors: J. Parrilla  , W. Fichtner  
Published: July 2017

International markets for wood biomass are currently emerging. Due to the corresponding environmental benefits, the domestic wood combustibles are an important energy resource, although certain measures must be taken to make the supply chain more cost-effective and efficient. One of the major contributors to the costs of wood products is transportation, which is determined by the geographical location of forests and energy crops. Within this paper techno-economic parameters of all substantial process steps along the biomass value chain are estimated. The potential for logs and chips, which includes justifiable transportation distances for these kinds of biomass, will be analyzed. To reach these objectives a simulation model has been developed. The results may be used for socio-economical resource allocation and planning of future energy plants.
Modelling and Comparative Performance Analysis of Special Six-phase and Conventional Synchronous Generators for Wind Farm Application
Authors: P. H. B. Naves  , J. C. Oliveira  , A. F. Bonelli  , M. V. B. Mendonça  
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a proposal for the mathematical modelling and computational analysis of special six-phase synchronous generators as required by variable wind farm application. The strategy uses time domain techniques so as to highlight the transient, dynamic and steady state operational conditions. Having completed the representation and the computational implementation of these special machines, the model is inserted into a simplified wind complex. Objectifying the establishment of comparisons between the six-phase and conventional three-phase generator performance, general aspects such as: electrical quantities wave form, improvement of the harmonic distortion, better performance of the damper windings, among others, are focused in the study. The advantages properties associated with the use of the special machine are fully considered throughout this article.
Hierarchical Cluster Classification of Half Cycle Measurements in Low Voltage Distribution Networks for Events Discrimination
Authors: Dan Apetrei  , Petru Postolache  , Nicolae Golovanov  , Mihaela Albu  , Gianfranco Chicco  
Published: July 2017

The paper presents a case study on half cycle RMS voltage classification. The study is based on clustering-based elaboration of data gathered during more than one year at two different locations in a low voltage distribution network. In order to perform the measurements, a specific facility (OSC function) of the custom designed equipment called MOT has been used. After recalling the characteristics of hierarchical clustering techniques, the paper illustrates the main requirements of European regulations for voltage characteristics measurement and presents the MOT equipment. The analysis technique used to process the gathered data and a method to classify the relevant events are then illustrated and discussed, showing a set of significant results obtained in the study.
Fitting regression model and experimental validation for a high pressure PEM electrolyzer
Authors: M. Santarelli  , P. Medina  , P. Medina  , M. Calì  
Published: July 2017

Hydrogen production is the main obstacle today to develop a real future hydrogen economy. Research has focused many efforts in extracting it from clean and renewable sources. Different processes are analysed: photolysis, thermochemical cycles, algae, etc; these processes are still far from practical use. Electrolysis has represented the most studied and experimented area for obtaining hydrogen without employing fuel cracking. Nevertheless, for its practical storage, the hydrogen produced at low pressure needs to be mechanically compressed, with a high consumption of electric power. Advanced materials and improved design allow to obtain hydrogen from electrolysis directly at medium-high pressure (70 bar) with no need of mechanical compression stages. This single-step process is more efficient than the two-step electrolysis + mechanical compression process. In this paper the authors display the experimental results obtained with a prototype of high pressure PEM electrolyzer manufactured by Giner Electrochemical Systems LLC, including the description of the test bench for the experimental characterization. The experimental design, based on Design of Experiments techniques, studied the effect of the main operation factors (temperature, pressure, water flow) at different levels of power load, presenting a regression model of the electrolyzer voltage as a function of the operating factors, at different values of the electric load.
Sterile Intraocular Inflammation Associated With Faricimab
Authors: Cozzi Mariano , Ziegler Alexander , Fasler Katrin , Muth Daniel R. , Blaser Frank , Zweifel Sandrine A. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceRandomized clinical trials are conducted to establish both drug safety and efficacy. However, evidence of adverse events associated with these drugs in the clinical practice setting can be of value at generating hypotheses regarding less common safety issues, even if causality cannot be determined.ObjectiveTo present and analyze cases of intraocular inflammation associated with faricimab therapy in patients referred to a single European institution.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a review starting in April of 2024 of an observational case series. Patients were from a single academic-based tertiary referral center in Switzerland. Included in the analysis were patients referred for intraocular inflammation soon after receiving a faricimab intravitreal injection between June 1, 2022, and March 5, 2024.ExposureFaricimab, 6 mg (0.05 mL of a 120-mg/mL solution), administrated for neovascular age-related macular degeneration or diabetic macular edema.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe systemic and ocular histories and imaging data available were reviewed. The following were evaluated: visual acuity measured with habitual correction using the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study charts before and after the event; intraocular pressure; patient symptoms; anterior, intermediate, or posterior location of the intraocular inflammation; and the presence of retinal vasculitis. Multimodal imaging including color fundus photographs, fluorescein angiograms, indocyanine green angiograms, and optical coherence tomography were reviewed.ResultsA total of 12 eyes from 7 patients (mean [SD] age, 73.3 [16.7] years; 4 female [57.1%]) over 22 months were identified as having noninfectious intraocular inflammation after intravitreal faricimab injections. Among these cases, in 2 eyes, retinal vasculitis was present together with anterior and posterior inflammation. One of the 2 eyes had an occlusive form of vasculitis of the arteries and veins, leading to subsequent macular capillary nonperfusion and clinically relevant irreversible vision deterioration from 20/80 to 20/2000. The remaining eyes were characterized by moderate anterior segment inflammation without substantial vision changes. The intraocular inflammation event occurred after a median (IQR) of 3.5 (2.0-4.3) faricimab injections. The median (IQR) interval between the last faricimab injection and the diagnosis of inflammation was 28 (24-38) days. Increased intraocular pressure of 30 mm Hg or higher was found in 3 eyes.Conclusions and RelevanceThis case series highlights the occurrence of rare, but potentially severe, intraocular inflammation associated with faricimab therapy. Although these findings do not prove causality and can only generate hypotheses for future investigations, these results suggest the importance of continuous surveillance and monitoring for patients undergoing faricimab therapy to promptly identify and manage potential adverse events.
Chitin Exfoliation Nanoengineering for Enhanced Salinity Gradient Power Conversion
Authors: Huang Ting , Xie Zhijiang , Liu Siqi , Li Yiwei , Zhou Jing , Li Zhixuan , Kong Yi , Shi Dean , Zhang Qunchao , Wei Zhaoyang , Chen Pan , Ye Dongdong , You Jun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRapid advancements in nano‐exfoliation and dissolution strategies have effectively disassembled hierarchical biomass materials into nanosheets, nanofibers, and even atomic‐scale molecular chains, making them highly applicable in osmotic energy harvesting. However, sub‐nanosheets, situated between molecular chains and nanofibers, remain unexplored due to the demanding nature of their preparation methods. Herein, a pseudosolvent‐driven programmable ion intercalation‐exfoliation strategy is developed that triggers exfoliation along the lowest energy crystal plane (010), as simulations confirm. This method allows for the controlled exfoliation of chitin assemblies ranging from nanofibers to sub‐nanometer sheets and molecular chains. Specifically, compared to nanofibrils, sub‐nanometer sheet interfacial assembly exhibits higher surface charge density and interplanar spacing, leading to a 2.3‐fold increase in ion transport flux while maintaining high‐performance selective ion behavior, as confirmed by both experiments and molecular scale simulations, respectively. These enhancements result in superior ionic conductivity and power conversion performance (8.45 W m−2) under a 50‐fold salinity gradient, surpassing commercial standards (5.0 W m−2) and other all‐biomass membrane systems (Max. 2.87 W m−2). This work provides insights into the controlled exfoliation of biomass at the sub‐nanometer scale and enhancing osmotic energy harvesting.