bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migraine and endothelial function: The HUNT3 Study
Authors: Larsen Joakim Schjølberg , Skaug Eli-Anne , Wisløff Ulrik , Ellingsen Øyvind , Stovner Lars Jacob , Linde Mattias , Hagen Knut 
Published: February 2016

Background Reduced endothelial function is associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease, but evidence on the association between migraine and endothelial function is conflicting. The aim of this population-based study was to examine the relationship between flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and migraine with aura, migraine without aura and tension-type headache. Methods In the third Nord-Trøndelag Healthy Study (HUNT3) FMD was measured by ultrasound during reactive hyperaemia of the brachial artery in a sample of 4739 healthy adult participants, 3929 of whom answered headache questions. The cross-sectional association between different headache diagnoses and FMD was evaluated by logistic regression, using a categorical approach. Results Mean FMD did not differ between the headache groups and headache-free controls. In multi-adjusted analyses, no consistent association was found between FMD quintiles and headache groups. Conclusions There was no relationship between FMD and migraine or other headache diagnoses in this large cross-sectional study of otherwise healthy respondents including freedom from pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases.
Headache of neurally mediated syncope
Authors: Khurana Ramesh K , Van Meerbeke Sara 
Published: February 2016

Background Neurally mediated syncope and migraine have a complex relationship. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients developing syncope in the laboratory would experience migraine. Methods Thirty-one consecutive patients were evaluated for precipitation of headache during head-up tilt (HUT)-induced syncope (reduction of systolic blood pressure [SBP] >20 mmHg and prodromal symptoms with or without loss of consciousness). Autonomic functions were assessed using heart rate response to deep breathing (HRDB), Valsalva maneuver and HUT. Blood pressure and heart rate (via electrocardiography) were continuously monitored. Headache diagnosis was based on ICHD-3 criteria. Results Eighteen patients (58%) experienced syncope without headache and 13 (42%) had syncope and headache (SH). No difference was observed in time of syncope onset, reduction in SBP, Valsalva ratio, HRDB or tachycardia during initial 10 minutes of HUT. Of the 13 SH patients, 11 (85%) had a past history of migraine. Two reported headache just before tilt, eight developed headache during tilt and three developed headache only after tilt. Headache resolved within 1–15 minutes in 10 out of 13 patients. No patient experienced migraine. Conclusions Syncope did not precipitate migraine. Headache during syncope may be due to cerebral hypoperfusion, and cerebral hyperperfusion may cause post-syncopal headache.
Cardiac monitoring of high-dose verapamil in cluster headache: An international Delphi study
Authors: Koppen H , Stolwijk J , Wilms EB , van Driel V , Ferrari MD , Haan J 
Published: February 2016

Background In many patients, high-dose verapamil (HDV) is the only effective prophylactic treatment for cluster headache. Although cardiac adverse events and EKG abnormalities are relatively common, evidence-based guidelines for screening and monitoring patients on HDV are lacking. Goal and methods Using the Delphi approach, we interviewed 22 international clinical experts in cardiac rhythm disorders to formulate EKG guidelines for the pretreatment screening and monitoring of cluster headache patients using HDV. Results The panel agreed only on performing pretreatment EKG to screen for pre-existing cardiac arrhythmia. Pretreatment EKG was deemed not necessary by most panel members for patients who did not have cardiac adverse events during a previous period of cluster headache attacks treated with HDV. Half the panel advised Holter EKG for patients on verapamil ≥ 480 mg/day. The highest recommended daily doses varied between 240 and 960 mg. Contraindications for use of verapamil largely followed FDA guidelines. Discussion Experts in cardiac rhythm disorders agreed on pretreatment EKG monitoring, but no consensus was reached on EKG monitoring during HDV treatment and around dose adjustments.
The Vertical Drop Jump Is a Poor Screening Test for ACL Injuries in Female Elite Soccer and Handball Players
Authors: Krosshaug Tron , Steffen Kathrin , Kristianslund Eirik , Nilstad Agnethe , Mok Kam-Ming , Myklebust Grethe , Andersen Thor Einar , Holme Ingar , Engebretsen Lars , Bahr Roald 
Published: February 2016

Background: The evidence linking knee kinematics and kinetics during a vertical drop jump (VDJ) to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk is restricted to a single small sample. Still, the VDJ test continues to be advocated for clinical screening purposes. Purpose: To test whether 5 selected kinematic and kinetic variables were associated with future ACL injuries in a large cohort of Norwegian female elite soccer and handball players. Furthermore, we wanted to assess whether the VDJ test can be recommended as a screening test to identify players with increased risk. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Elite female soccer and handball players participated in preseason screening tests from 2007 through 2014. The tests included marker-based 3-dimensional motion analysis of a drop-jump landing. We followed a predefined statistical protocol in which we included the following candidate risk factors in 5 separate logistic regression analyses, with new ACL injury as the outcome: (1) knee valgus angle at initial contact, (2) peak knee abduction moment, (3) peak knee flexion angle, (4) peak vertical ground-reaction force, and (5) medial knee displacement. Results: A total of 782 players were tested (age, 21 ± 4 years; height, 170 ± 7 cm; body mass, 67 ± 8 kg), of which 710 were included in the analyses. We registered 42 new noncontact ACL injuries, including 12 in previously ACL-injured players. Previous ACL injury (relative risk, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.1-7.1) and medial knee displacement (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.12-1.74 per 1-SD change) were associated with increased risk for injury. However, among the 643 players without previous injury, we found no association with medial knee displacement. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of medial knee displacement showed an area under the curve of 0.6, indicating a poor-to-failed combined sensitivity and specificity of the test, even when including previously injured players. Conclusion: Of the 5 risk factors considered, medial knee displacement was the only factor associated with increased risk for ACL. However, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated a poor combined sensitivity and specificity when medial knee displacement was used as a screening test for predicting ACL injury. For players with no previous injury, none of the VDJ variables were associated with increased injury risk. Clinical Relevance: VDJ tests cannot predict ACL injuries in female elite soccer and handball players.
Fatigue, patient reported outcomes, and objective measurement of physical activity in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mahieu M A , Ahn G E , Chmiel J S , Dunlop D D , Helenowski I B , Semanik P , Song J , Yount S , Chang R W , Ramsey-Goldman R 
Published: February 2016

Objective Fatigue is a common symptom in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and engaging in physical activity may reduce fatigue. We aimed to characterize relationships between fatigue, other health status measures assessed with the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) instruments, and accelerometer-based physical activity measurements in patients with SLE. The internal consistency of each PROMIS measure in our SLE sample was also evaluated. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed 123 adults with SLE. The primary fatigue outcome was Fatigue Severity Scale score. Secondary outcomes were PROMIS standardized T-scores in seven health status domains. Accelerometers were worn for seven days, and mean daily minutes of light, moderate/vigorous, and bouted (10 minutes) moderate/vigorous physical activity were estimated. Cronbach’s alpha was determined for each PROMIS measure to assess internal consistency. Relationships between Fatigue Severity Scale, PROMIS, and physical activity were summarized with Spearman partial correlation coefficients ( r), adjusted for average daily accelerometer wear time. Results Mean Fatigue Severity Scale score (4.3, SD 1.6) was consistent with clinically relevant levels of fatigue. Greater daily and bouted moderate/vigorous physical activity minutes correlated with lower Mean Fatigue Severity Scale score ( r = −0.20, p = 0.03 and r = −0.30, p = 0.0007, respectively). For PROMIS, bouted moderate/vigorous physical activity minutes correlated with less fatigue ( r = −0.20, p = 0.03). PROMIS internal consistency was excellent, with Cronbach’s alpha > 0.90 for each domain. Mean PROMIS T-scores for fatigue, pain interference, anxiety, sleep disturbance, sleep-related impairment, and physical function were worse than reported for the general US population. More moderate/vigorous physical activity minutes were associated with less pain interference ( r = −0.22, p = 0.01). Both light physical activity and moderate/vigorous physical activity minutes correlated with better physical function ( r = 0.19, p = 0.04 and r = 0.25, p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusion More time spent in moderate/vigorous physical activity was associated with less fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale and PROMIS), less pain interference, and better physical function (PROMIS). PROMIS had excellent internal consistency in our SLE sample, and six of seven PROMIS measures indicated poorer average health status in SLE patients compared with the general US population.
Prevalence and breed predisposition for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease in cats
Authors: De Decker Steven , Warner Anne-Sophie , Volk Holger A 
Published: February 2016

Objectives The objective was to evaluate the prevalence and possible breed predilections for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) in cats. Methods Medical records and imaging studies of cats diagnosed with thoracolumbar IVDD between January 2008 and August 2014 were retrospectively reviewed and compared with the general hospital population. The association between type of IVDD (ie, intervertebral disc extrusion [IVDE] or intervertebral disc protrusion [IVDP]) and breed, age, sex, and duration and severity of clinical signs was also evaluated. Results Of 12,900 cats presented during the study period, 31 (0.24%) were diagnosed with IVDD, including 17 purebred and 14 non-purebred cats. Of all presented purebred cats, 0.52% were diagnosed with thoracolumbar IVDD. More specifically, 1.29% of all British Shorthairs and 1.83% of all presented Persians were diagnosed with IVDD. Compared with the general hospital population, purebred cats ( P = 0.0001), British Shorthairs ( P <0.0001) and Persians ( P = 0.0006) were significantly overrepresented with thoracolumbar IVDD. Affected purebred cats were younger than affected non-purebred cats ( P = 0.02). Of 31 cats with IVDD, 19 were diagnosed with IVDE and 12 with IVDP. Cats with IVDE had a significantly shorter duration of clinical signs ( P = 0.0002) and demonstrated more severe neurological deficits ( P = 0.04) than cats with IVDP. Conclusions and relevance Although thoracolumbar IVDD is an uncommon condition in cats, purebred cats, British Shorthairs and Persians, were overrepresented. It is currently unclear if this represents a true breed predisposition or a higher likelihood of owners of purebred cats seeking referral for advanced diagnostic imaging procedures.
Screening for MOG-IgG and 27 other anti-glial and anti-neuronal autoantibodies in ‘pattern II multiple sclerosis’ and brain biopsy findings in a MOG-IgG-positive case
Authors: Jarius Sven , Metz Imke , König Fatima Barbara , Ruprecht Klemens , Reindl Markus , Paul Friedemann , Brück Wolfgang , Wildemann Brigitte 
Published: February 2016

Background: Histopathological studies have revealed four different immunopathological patterns of lesion pathology in early multiple sclerosis (MS). Pattern II MS is characterised by immunoglobulin and complement deposition in addition to T-cell and macrophage infiltration and is more likely to respond to plasma exchange therapy, suggesting a contribution of autoantibodies. Objective: To assess the frequency of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), anti-M1-aquaporin-4 (AQP4), anti-M23-AQP4, anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptors (NMDAR) and 25 other anti-neural antibodies in pattern II MS. Methods: Thirty-nine serum samples from patients with MS who had undergone brain biopsy ( n = 24; including 13 from patients with pattern II MS) and from histopathologically non-classified MS patients ( n = 15) were tested for anti-MOG, anti-M1-AQP4, anti-M23-AQP4, anti-NMDAR, anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor-type glutamate receptors (AMPAR), anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABABR), anti-leucine-rich, glioma-activated protein 1 (LGI1), anti-contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2), anti-dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6 (DPPX), anti-Tr/Delta/notch-like epidermal growth factor–related receptor (DNER), anti-Hu, anti-Yo, anti-Ri, anti-Ma1/Ma2, anti-CV2/collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5), anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), anti-amphiphysin, anti-Ca/RhoGTPase-activating protein 26 (ARHGAP26), anti-Sj/inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (ITPR1), anti-Homer3, anti-carbonic anhydrase–related protein (CARPVIII), anti-protein kinase gamma (PKCgamma), anti-glutamate receptor delta 2 (GluRdelta2), anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) and anti-mGluR5, as well as for anti-glial nuclei antibodies (AGNA) and Purkinje cell antibody 2 (PCA2). Results: Antibodies to MOG belonging to the complement-activating immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) subclass were detected in a patient with pattern II MS. Detailed brain biopsy findings are shown. Conclusion: This is the largest study on established anti-neural antibodies performed in MS so far. MOG-IgG may play a role in a small percentage of patients diagnosed with pattern II MS.
The cognitive reserve theory in the setting of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pastò Luisa , Portaccio Emilio , Goretti Benedetta , Ghezzi Angelo , Lori Silvia , Hakiki Bahia , Giannini Marta , Righini Isabella , Razzolini Lorenzo , Niccolai Claudia , Moiola Lucia , Falautano Monica , Simone Marta , Viterbo Rosa Gemma , Patti Francesco , Cilia Sabina , Pozzilli Carlo , Bianchi Valentina , Roscio Marco , Martinelli Vittorio , Comi Giancarlo , Trojano Maria , Amato Maria Pia ,   on behalf of the MS Study Group of the Italian Neurological Society
Published: February 2016

Background: The study of cognitive reserve (CR) in relationship with cognitive impairment (CI) in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) may provide cues to identifying subjects at higher risk of impairment and scope for therapeutic strategies. Objectives: To assess the potential impact of CR on cognition in a cohort of POMS patients. Methods: In all, 48 POMS patients were followed up for 4.7 ± 0.4 years. CI was defined as the failure of ⩾3 tests on an extensive neuropsychological battery. Change of neuropsychological performance was assessed through the Reliable Change Index (RCI) method. At baseline, CR was estimated by measuring the intelligence quotient (IQ). The relationships were assessed through multivariable regression analyses. Results: At baseline, CI was detected in 14/48 (29.2%) patients. Two out of 57 healthy control (HC; 3.5%) met the same criteria of CI ( p < 0.001). A deteriorating cognitive performance using the RCI method was observed in 18/48 patients (37.6%). Among the 34 cases who were cognitively preserved at baseline, a higher reserve predicted stable/improving performance (odds ratio (OR) = 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.20; p = 0.006). Conclusion: Our results suggest that higher CR in POMS patients may protect from CI, particularly in subjects with initial cognitive preservation, providing relevant implications for counseling and rehabilitation strategies.
The relationship of age with the clinical phenotype in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Scalfari A , Lederer C , Daumer M , Nicholas R , Ebers GC , Muraro PA 
Published: February 2016

Background: The multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical course and relapses frequency before progression vary widely. Objective: To investigate the influence of age on the MS phenotype. Methods: Among 751 primary progressive (PP = 217) and secondary progressive (SP = 534) MS patients from the London Ontario database, we assessed the relationship of age on the relapse frequency and on the progressive phase evolution, and the impact of relapses on the age at onset of progression. Results: Age at onset did not influence the early attacks frequency, but patients younger at onset had larger number of total attacks before progression (age = 27.4, 31.0 and 32.8 mean years; ⩾4, 2–3 and 1 relapses, respectively) and longer latency to SP. Although frequent early relapses predicted younger age at SP onset, patients with no attacks (primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)), or 1, 2–3 and ⩾4 relapses during the relapsing-remitting phase started progressing at similar age (38.6, 41.3, 41.4 and 39.2 mean years, respectively). The age at onset of progressive phase did not affect its evolution. Conclusions: Age strongly influences the phenotype before progression. Relapsing-remitting patients younger at onset are more likely to display a predominantly inflammatory course, yet relapses number does not affect the age at onset of progression.
False positivity of anti aquaporin-4 antibodies in natalizumab-treated patients
Authors: Cohen Mikael , De Sèze Jérome , Marignier Romain , Lebrun Christine 
Published: February 2016

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) represent a differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Detection of anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-Ab) is the strongest argument to confirm NMOSD. Diagnosing NMOSD is a major concern because specific MS disease modifying drugs can lead to neurological worsening. Objective: To report the case of two natalizumab (NTZ) treated patients who presented a false positive result for AQP4-Ab. Methods: A retrospective analysis of NTZ-treated patients who were tested positive for AQP4-Ab in our MS center. Results: Two patients treated by NTZ presented a false positive result. Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware of potential technical issues in detecting AQP4-Ab in NTZ-treated patients leading to false positive results.
Children with multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis and antibodies to the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG): Extending the spectrum of MOG antibody positive diseases
Authors: Baumann Matthias , Hennes Eva-Maria , Schanda Kathrin , Karenfort Michael , Kornek Barbara , Seidl Rainer , Diepold Katharina , Lauffer Heinz , Marquardt Iris , Strautmanis Jurgis , Syrbe Steffen , Vieker Silvia , Höftberger Romana , Reindl Markus , Rostásy Kevin 
Published: February 2016

Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies have been described in children with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), recurrent optic neuritis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and more recently in children with multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis (MDEM). Objective: To delineate the clinical, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and radiological features of paediatric MDEM with MOG antibodies. Methods: Clinical course, serum antibodies, CSF, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies and outcome of paediatric MDEM patients were reviewed. Results: A total of 8 children with two or more episodes of ADEM were identified from a cohort of 295 children with acute demyelinating events. All children had persisting MOG antibodies (median titre: 1:1280). All ADEM episodes included encephalopathy, polyfocal neurological signs and a typical MRI. Apart from ADEM episodes, three children had further clinical attacks without encephalopathy. Median age at initial presentation was 3 years (range: 1–7 years) and median follow-up 4 years (range: 1–8 years). New ADEM episodes were associated with new neurological signs and new MRI lesions. Clinical outcome did range from normal (four of the eight) to mild or moderate impairment (four of the eight). A total of four children received monthly immunoglobulin treatment during the disease course. Conclusion: Children with MDEM and persisting MOG antibodies constitute a distinct entity of relapsing demyelinating events and extend the spectrum of MOG antibody–associated diseases.
Moral Reasoning in Biomedical Research Protocols
Authors: Holm Søren 
Published: February 2016

An analysis was performed of the ethics section in 134 biomedical research protocols submitted for review to a Danish Research Ethical Committee (REC) in 1990. The statements made in the ethics sections were identified and classified. It was found that 20% of the protocols lack an ethics section despite a specific requirement for such a section in the Helsinki-II declaration and the guidelines issued by the REC. The ethics sections have a median length of 6 lines of text and contain a median of 3 ethically relevant statements, thereby comprising 1.13% of the total research protocol. An analysis of the statements made show that 32% are purely formal and 30% are concerned with the area of information, consent and voluntariness. The remaining 38% are spread over a wide range of considerations. It is hypothesized that this relatively meager result reflects the researchers perception of the research review procedure as a mostly formal procedure.
Social Mobility and Health in a Prospective Study of Middle-Aged Men
Authors: Faresjö Tomas , Svärdsudd Kurt , Tibblin Gösta 
Published: February 2016

Many social factors and social phenomena and their influence on health are now of interest for epidemiological research and also for health policy. One social phenomenon of interest is mobility in the social structure of society. In this prospective study of a sample of 50-year-old men born in 1913 in Gothenburg, Sweden, it was possible to study intergenerational social mobility and different measures of ill-health, like health complaints, incidence of myocardial infarction and mortality. The results of the study indicate that individuals who find themselves in a lower social group than that of their father at the age of 50 exhibit a somewhat poorer subjective state of health and report more complaints and symptoms at the age of 60. They also tended to be slightly more at risk with regard to myocardial infarction, but there were no mortality differences in a long-term follow-up.
Occupational Retirement in Women due to Age Health Aspects
Authors: Östberg Henrik , Samuelsson Sven-Mårten 
Published: February 2016

The impact of occupational age-retirement on physical and mental health was investigated in 116 female municipal employees (age 62–64 years old) in Malmö. Interviews and physical examinations were made about six months prior to and five months after retirement. The women were asked about present state of subjective health, earlier and present diseases, various symptoms, medication, calls to physicians, smoking habits, physical activity and sleeping habits. The majority ( n = 109.94%) felt healthy before retirement. At least one definable disease was noted in 41 (35%). A proportion of them had a low level of subjective health which, however, improved after retirement. The disease most commonly found was hypertension. After retirement the subjective health improved in 22% and got worse in 9%. Blood pressure diminished and particularly musculo-skeletal and psychiatric symptoms were less common. Calls to physicians diminshed. Intake of drugs, smoking and sleeping habits and physical activity changed little. In general, occupational retirement due to age was associated with mostly positive influences on health.