bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« Révolution agricole » au Néolithique proche-oriental : quelle réalité ?
Authors: Douché Carolyne 
Published: December 2017

À partir des années 1950, le terme de « Révolution néolithique » a été utilisé pour désigner l’ensemble des changements techniques et sociétaux qui ont eu lieu au Proche Orient ancien. Parmi ceux-ci, la mise en place de l’agriculture a fait l’objet d’un intérêt tout particulier. Néanmoins, depuis une dizaine d’année, le terme de « révolution » est relativisé par le fait que les changements n’ont pas été soudains, mais se sont au contraire déroulés sur un temps relativement long.Les premiers indices de développement de l’agriculture apparaissent au Proche-Orient, au Néolithique acéramique (Xe-VIIe millénaire av. n. è.). A cette période, les sites attestant de la mise en place de pratiques agricoles se multiplient. Parmi les témoins de ces changements, les plantes cultivées - et plus particulièrement les céréales - offrent un aperçu du processus qui se met en place.Ainsi, l’étude archéobotanique de deux sites syriens, Dja’de el-mughara et Tell Aswad, apportent de nouvelles données concernant le « quand ? » et le « comment ? » l’agriculture s’est développée dans la région levantine, et quelles en ont été les conséquences. Ces deux villages agricoles se caractérisent par une occupation continue, au cours de laquelle de nombreux changements techniques et sociétaux sont apparus, parallèlement à la mise en place et à l’évolution de nouvelles stratégies de subsistance. Nous verrons donc quelles ont été les premières plantes utilisées par les populations néolithiques et si les changements de cortèges floristiques reflètent une « r-évolution » des pratiques.
Les bitumes au Proche-Orient ancien du milieu du VIIe au IIIe millénaire av. J.-C. : des marqueurs d’échanges dans les sociétés
Authors: Badel Émilie 
Published: December 2017

Les bitumes sont classés en trois catégories : mélanges bitumés réalisés à partir d’un état visqueux de la matière, « mastic de bitume » et asphaltite. Fragments et objets en bitumes façonnés par l’homme ont été découverts sur un grand nombre de sites archéologiques au Proche-Orient ancien. Cet ensemble de matériaux a servi d’imperméabilisant, de colle, de mortier de construction mais aussi à sculpter ou modeler une variété d’objets, et à en colorer d’autres en noir. Les bitumes ont ainsi été utilisés dans de nombreux artisanats : industrie lithique, vannerie, céramique, statuaire, réalisation d’ouvrages architecturaux, batellerie, parure et vaisselle en « mastic de bitume » parmi tant d’autres. Dans les années 1930, la première classification des utilisations fut proposée par Robert J. Forbes (Royal Dutch Shell).Il s’intéressa également à la question essentielle de l’origine des bitumes collectés. Le long de l’arc montagneux du Taurus/Zagros, les sources d’approvisionnement ne sont en effet localisées qu’en quelques zones principales : entre Mossoul et Kirkuk dans les vallées du Tigre et de ses affluents, sur le cours moyen de l’Euphrate à Hit, et dans le sud-ouest iranien (Khuzestan). La perception de ces manifestations d’échanges nécessite l’approche archéométrique. Ce n’est qu’à partir du milieu des années 1980 et grâce à l’utilisation d’outils performants de la géochimie organique que des résultats concluants furent obtenus par Jacques Connan (Elf Aquitaine).Ceux-ci démontrent que les bitumes constituent des marqueurs de l’évolution des échanges à l’échelle régionale et interrégionale. Dès le milieu du VIIe millénaire av. J.-C., il est possible d’éclairer des axes d’échanges en Djézireh sur plusieurs centaines de kilomètres, ainsi que dans le Khuzestan dont les sources approvisionnaient les sites environnants mais aussi celui de Tell el’Oueili en Basse Mésopotamie durant l’Obeid 0 à 2. Durant l’Obeid 3 à 4, ce sont en revanche des bitumes provenant de la vallée du Tigre qui y sont utilisés à l’instar d’autres sites localisés sur le trajet et au-delà de la Basse Mésopotamie dans le Golfe Persique. Les sources d’Hit ne nous apparaissent que durant le Ve millénaire av. J.-C. L’approvisionnement depuis ces sources se développe durant la deuxième moitié du IVe millénaire av. J.-C. et s’intensifie durant le IIIe millénaire av. J.-C. Les textes de la IIIe dynastie d’Ur découverts en Basse Mésopotamie attestent enfin d’un commerce des bitumes à longue distance et fournissent des éléments intéressants sur la variété des bitumes collectés, les valeurs et les modes de transport.
Metformin Mediates Protection against Legionella Pneumonia through Activation of AMPK and Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Kajiwara Chiaki , Kusaka Yu , Kimura Soichiro , Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Nanjo Yuta , Ishii Yoshikazu , Udono Heiichiro , Standiford Theodore J. , Tateda Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In Legionella pneumophila infection, macrophages play a critical role in the host defense response. Metformin, an oral drug for type 2 diabetes, is attracting attention as a new supportive therapy against a variety of diseases, such as cancer and infectious diseases. The novel mechanisms for metformin actions include modulation of the effector functions of macrophages and other host immune cells. In this study, we have examined the effects of metformin on L. pneumophila infection in vitro and in vivo. Metformin treatment suppressed growth of L. pneumophila in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion in bone marrow–derived macrophages, RAW cells (mouse), and U937 cells (human). Metformin induced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in L. pneumophila–infected bone marrow–derived macrophages, and the AMPK inhibitor Compound C negated metformin-mediated growth suppression. Also, metformin induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species but not phagosomal NADPH oxidase–derived reactive oxygen species. Metformin-mediated growth suppression was mitigated in the presence of the reactive oxygen species scavenger glutathione. In a murine L. pneumophila pneumonia model, metformin treatment improved survival of mice, which was associated with a significant reduction in bacterial number in the lung. Similar to in vitro observations, induction of AMPK phosphorylation and mitochondrial ROS was demonstrated in the infected lungs of mice treated with metformin. Finally, glutathione treatment abolished metformin effects on lung bacterial clearance. Collectively, these data suggest that metformin promotes mitochondrial ROS production and AMPK signaling and enhances the bactericidal activity of macrophages, which may contribute to improved survival in L. pneumophila pneumonia.
Ca2+-Dependent Regulation of NFATc1 via KCa3.1 in Inflammatory Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Grössinger Eva M. , Kang Mincheol , Bouchareychas Laura , Sarin Ritu , Haudenschild Dominik R. , Borodinsky Laura N. , Adamopoulos Iannis E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In inflammatory arthritis, the dysregulation of osteoclast activity by proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF, interferes with bone remodeling during inflammation through Ca2+-dependent mechanisms causing pathological bone loss. Ca2+-dependent CREB/c-fos activation via Ca2+-calmodulin kinase IV (CaMKIV) induces transcriptional regulation of osteoclast-specific genes via NFATc1, which facilitate bone resorption. In leukocytes, Ca2+ regulation of NFAT-dependent gene expression oftentimes involves the activity of the Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1. In this study, we evaluate KCa3.1 as a modulator of Ca2+-induced NFAT-dependent osteoclast differentiation in inflammatory bone loss. Microarray analysis of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-activated murine bone marrow macrophage (BMM) cultures revealed unique upregulation of KCa3.1 during osteoclastogenesis. The expression of KCa3.1 in vivo was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining on multinucleated cells at the bone surface of inflamed mouse joints. Experiments on in vitro BMM cultures revealed that KCa3.1−/− and TRAM-34 treatment significantly reduced the expression of osteoclast-specific genes (p &lt; 0.05) alongside decreased osteoclast formation (p &lt; 0.0001) in inflammatory (RANKL+TNF) and noninflammatory (RANKL) conditions. In particular, live cell Ca2+ imaging and Western blot analysis showed that TRAM-34 pretreatment decreased transient RANKL-induced Ca2+ amplitudes in BMMs by ∼50% (p &lt; 0.0001) and prevented phosphorylation of CaMKIV. KCa3.1−/− reduced RANKL+/−TNF-stimulated phosphorylation of CREB and expression of c-fos in BMMs (p &lt; 0.01), culminating in decreased NFATc1 protein expression and transcriptional activity (p &lt; 0.01). These data indicate that KCa3.1 regulates Ca2+-dependent NFATc1 expression via CaMKIV/CREB during inflammatory osteoclastogenesis in the presence of TNF, corroborating its role as a target candidate for the treatment of bone erosion in inflammatory arthritis.
Cutting Edge: CCR2 Is Not Required for Ly6Chi Monocyte Egress from the Bone Marrow but Is Necessary for Migration within the Brain in La Crosse Virus Encephalitis
Authors: Winkler Clayton W. , Woods Tyson A. , Robertson Shelly J. , McNally Kristin L. , Carmody Aaron B. , Best Sonja M. , Peterson Karin E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Inflammatory monocyte (iMO) recruitment to the brain is a hallmark of many neurologic diseases. Prior to entering the brain, iMOs must egress into the blood from the bone marrow through a mechanism, which for known encephalitic viruses, is CCR2 dependent. In this article, we show that during La Crosse Virus-induced encephalitis, egress of iMOs was surprisingly independent of CCR2, with similar percentages of iMOs in the blood and brain of heterozygous and CCR2−/− mice following infection. Interestingly, CCR2 was required for iMO trafficking from perivascular areas to sites of virus infection within the brain. Thus, CCR2 was not essential for iMO trafficking to the blood or the brain but was essential for trafficking within the brain parenchyma. Analysis of other orthobunyaviruses showed that Jamestown Canyon virus also induced CCR2-independent iMO egress to the blood. These studies demonstrate that the CCR2 requirement for iMO egress to the blood is not universal for all viruses.
A humidity-controlled fast integrated mobility spectrometer (HFIMS) for rapid measurements of particle hygroscopic growth
Authors: Pinterich Tamara , Spielman Steven R. , Wang Yang , Hering Susanne V. , Wang Jian 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. We present a humidity-controlled fast integrated mobility spectrometer (HFIMS) for rapid particle hygroscopicity measurements. The HFIMS consists of a differential mobility analyzer (DMA), a relative humidity (RH) control unit and a water-based FIMS (WFIMS) coupled in series. The WFIMS (Pinterich et al., 2017) combines the fast integrated mobility spectrometer (Kulkarni and Wang, 2006a, b) with laminar flow water condensation methodologies (Hering and Stolzenburg, 2005; Spielman et al., 2017). Inside the WFIMS, particles of different electrical mobilities are spatially separated in an electric field, condensationally enlarged and imaged to provide 1 Hz measurements of size distribution spanning a factor of  ∼ 3 in particle diameter, which is sufficient to cover the entire range of growth factor (GF) for atmospheric aerosol particles at 90 % RH. By replacing the second DMA of a traditional hygroscopicity tandem DMA (HTDMA) system with the WFIMS, the HFIMS greatly increases the speed of particle growth factor measurement. The performance of the HFIMS was evaluated using NaCl particles with well-known hygroscopic growth behavior and further through measurements of ambient aerosols. Results show that the HFIMS can reproduce, within 2 %, the literature values for hygroscopic growth of NaCl particles. NaCl deliquescence was observed between 76 and 77 % RH in agreement with the theoretical value of 76.5 % (Ming and Russell, 2001), and efflorescence relative humidity (43 %) was found to lie within the RH range of 41 to 56 % reported in the literature. Ambient data indicate that the HFIMS can measure the hygroscopic growth of five standard dry particle sizes ranging from 35 to 165 nm within less than 3 min, which makes it about 1 order of magnitude faster than traditional HTDMA systems.
Detecting Risk of Low Health Literacy in Disadvantaged Populations Using Area-based
Measures
Authors: Knighton Andrew J. , Brunisholz Kimberly D. , Savitz Samuel T. 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Socio-economic status (SES) and low health literacy (LHL) are
closely correlated. Both are directly associated with clinical and behavioral risk
factors and healthcare outcomes. Learning healthcare systems are introducing small-area
measures to address the challenges associated with maintaining patient-reported measures
of SES and LHL. This study’s purpose was to measure the association between two
available census block measures associated with SES and LHL. Understanding the
relationship can guide the identification of a multi-purpose area based measure for
delivery system use.Methods: A retrospective observational design was deployed using all
US Census block groups in Utah. The principal dependent variable was a
nationally-standardized health literacy score (HLS). The primary explanatory variable
was a state-standardized area deprivation index (ADI). Statistical methods included
linear regression and tests of association. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)
analysis was used to develop LHL criteria using ADI. Results: A significant negative
association between the HLS and the ADI score remained after adjusting for area-level
risk factors (β: –0.21 (95% CI: –0.22, –0.19) p < .001). Eighteen block groups
(<1%) were identified as having LHL using HLS. A combination of three or more ADI
components correlated with LHL predicted 78% of HLS LHL block groups and 35 additional
block groups not identified using HLS (c-statistic: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.62,
0.66). Conclusions: HLS and ADI use differing measurement criteria but are closely
correlated. A state-based ADI detected additional neighborhoods with risk of LHL
compared to use of a national HLS. An ADI represents a multi-purpose area measure of
social determinants useful for learning health systems tailoring care.
Data Cleaning in the Evaluation of a Multi-Site Intervention Project
Authors: Welch Gavin , Von Recklinghausen Friedrich , Taenzer Andreas , Savitz Lucy , Weiss Lisa 
Published: December 2017

Context: The High Value Healthcare Collaborative (HVHC) sepsis project was a
two-year multi-site project where Member health care delivery systems worked on
improving sepsis care using a dissemination & implementation framework designed by
HVHC. As part of the project evaluation, participating Members provided 5 data
submissions over the project period. Members created data files using a uniform
specification, but the data sources and methods used to create the data sets differed.
Extensive data cleaning was necessary to get a data set usable for the evaluation
analysis. Case Description: HVHC was the coordinating center for the project and
received and cleaned all data submissions. Submissions received 3 sequentially more
detailed levels of checking by HVHC. The most detailed level evaluated validity by
comparing values within-Member over time and between Member. For a subset of episodes
Member-submitted data were compared to matched Medicare claims data.Findings:
Inconsistencies in data submissions, particularly for length-of-stay variables were
common in early submissions and decreased with subsequent submissions. Multiple
resubmissions were sometimes required to get clean data. Data checking also uncovered a
systematic difference in the way Medicare and some members defined intensive care unit
stay.Conclusions: Data checking is a critical for ensuring valid analytic results for
projects using electronic health record data. It is important to budget sufficient
resources for data checking. Interim data submissions and checks help find anomalies
early. Data resubmissions should be checked as fixes can introduce new errors.
Communicating with those responsible for creating the data set provides critical
information.
Favoriser l’appropriation des propriétés géométriques des quadrilatères à l’école primaire : étude d’une situation d’apprentissage dans le méso-espace
Authors: Gibel Patrick , Blanquart-Henry Sylvie 
Published: December 2017

Dans cet article, nous cherchons à déterminer, dans le cadre de l’enseignement des figures planes à l’école primaire, en quoi la confrontation des élèves à des situations d’apprentissage dans l’espace environnant (méso-espace) permet de favoriser la mobilisation et la verbalisation de connaissances spatiales et géométriques. Pour ce faire, nous produisons l’analyse clinique d’une séquence mise en oeuvre dans une classe de fin de primaire dont l’objectif pour les élèves est la reproduction de figures planes dans le méso-espace. Pour identifier précisément les connaissances et les savoirs mobilisés par les élèves en situation d’action et en situation de formulation, nous procédons à une analyse détaillée des différentes formes de raisonnements qui sous-tendent leurs procédures de résolution et de formulation. Pour y parvenir nous utilisons un modèle d’analyse des raisonnements, développé par Bloch et Gibel (2011), qui résulte de l’articulation de deux cadres théoriques : la théorie des situations didactiques et la sémiotique de Peirce. Au-delà de l’utilisation raisonnée des outils mis à disposition des élèves dans l’activité de reproduction des figures, l’analyse didactique donne à voir des éléments particulièrement riches de la dialectique action-formulation. Cette étude permet de rendre compte de la variété, de l’adéquation et de la pertinence des propriétés géométriques mobilisées et formulées par les élèves, favorisant ainsi le passage d’une géométrie instrumentée à une géométrie déductive.
Does Flexible Flatfoot Require Treatment?: Plantar Pressure Effects of Wearing Over-the-Counter Insoles when Walking on a Level Surface and Up and Down Stairs in Adults with Flexible Flatfoot
Authors: Zhai JunNa , Qiu YuSheng , Wang Jue 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Orthotic insole is a popular physiotherapy for flatfoot. However, the effects and whether flexible flatfoot needs orthotic insole treatment are not clear, and how the plantar pressure changes while walking up and down stairs has not been studied. Therefore, this study observed the plantar pressures of different walking conditions to find the answers.

Methods:
Fifteen adults with flexible flatfoot and 15 adults with normal foot were examined while walking on a level surface and while walking up and down 10- and 20-cm stairs before treatment. The maximum force and the arch index were acquired with a force plate system. Participants with flexible flatfoot were instructed to wear the orthotic insoles for 3 months, and plantar pressures were measured again after treatment. The repeated measure was performed to analyze the data.

Results:
The maximum force and the arch index of flatfoot after treatment were significantly decreased under different walking conditions (P < .01). When walking down 10- and 20-cm stairs, the plantar data of normal foot and flatfoot were significantly increased (P < .05).

Conclusions:
Orthotic insoles could effectively improve the plantar pressure of flatfoot under different walking conditions. In addition, the arches of normal foot and flatfoot were obviously influenced when walking down stairs. It is, therefore, necessary to wear orthotic insoles for flexible flatfoot to prevent further deformation.
Information from dynamic length changes improves reliability of static ultrasound fascicle length measurements
Authors: Aeles Jeroen , Lichtwark Glen A. , Lenchant Sietske , Vanlommel Liesbeth , Delabastita Tijs , Vanwanseele Benedicte 
Published: December 2017

PurposeVarious strategies for improving reliability of fascicle identification on ultrasound images are used in practice, yet these strategies are untested for effectiveness. Studies suggest that the largest part of differences between fascicle lengths on one image are attributed to the error on the initial image. In this study, we compared reliability results between different strategies.MethodsStatic single-image recordings and image sequence recordings during passive ankle rotations of the medial gastrocnemius were collected. Images were tracked by three different raters. We compared results from uninformed fascicle identification (UFI) and results with information from dynamic length changes, or data-informed tracking (DIT). A second test compared tracking of image sequences of either fascicle shortening (initial-long condition) or fascicle lengthening (initial-short condition).ResultsIntra-class correlations (ICC) were higher for the DIT compared to the UFI, yet yielded similar standard error of measurement (SEM) values. Between the initial-long and initial-short conditions, similar ICC values, coefficients of multiple determination, mean squared errors, offset-corrected mean squared errors and fascicle length change values were found for the DIT, yet with higher SEM values and greater absolute fascicle length differences between raters on the first image in the initial-long condition and on the final image in the initial-short condition.ConclusionsDIT improves reliability of fascicle length measurements, without lower SEM values. Fascicle length on the initial image has no effect on subsequent tracking results. Fascicles on ultrasound images should be identified by a single rater and care should be taken when comparing absolute fascicle lengths between studies.
Homogenization Methods and Multiscale Modeling
Authors: Zohdi Tarek I. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The relatively recent increase in computational power available for mathematical modeling and simulation raises the possibility that modern numerical methods can play a significant role in the analysis of materials possessing heterogeneous microstructure. Ideally, in an attempt to reduce laboratory expense, one would like to make predictions of a new material's behavior by numerical simulations, with the primary goal being to accelerate the trial‐and‐error laboratory development of novel high‐performance materials. This fact, among others, has motivated the work that will be presented in this encyclopedia.
Fluid–Structure Interaction and Flows with Moving Boundaries and Interfaces
Authors: Tezduyar Tayfun E. , Takizawa Kenji , Bazilevs Yuri 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFlows with moving boundaries and interfaces (MBI) include fluid–structure interaction and a number of other classes of problems, such as fluid–object interaction, fluid–particle interaction, free‐surface and multifluid flows, and flows with solid surfaces in fast, linear, or rotational relative motion. These problems are frequently encountered in engineering analysis and design, pose some of the most formidable computational challenges, and have a common core computational technology need. Bringing solution and analysis to them motivated the development of a good number of core computational methods and special methods targeting specific classes of MBI problems. This chapter is an overview of some of those core and special methods, with a focus on computational examples from the ST‐VMS and ALE‐VMS methods and special methods developed in conjunction with the two.
Predictive Computational Science: Computer Predictions in the Presence of Uncertainty
Authors: Oden John Tinsley , Babuška Ivo , Faghihi Danial 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Predictive computational science is the scientific discipline concerned with assessing the predictability of mathematical and computational models of physical events in the presence of uncertainties. It embraces the processes of model selection, statistical calibration and validation of models, model verification, and their use in forecasting features of physical events with quantified uncertainty.
In this exposition, the conceptual, mathematical, and statistical foundations of predictive computational science are presented together with demonstrative applications to simple problems in structural mechanics.