bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolving the policy paradox: the case of biofuel production in Ireland
Authors: Gilmer Alan J. , McGarrity Mark J. , Byers Vivienne 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the status of policy design and policy implementation in the biofuel sector in Ireland. The focus of the work addresses the overarching operational context of the biofuel sector in Ireland and the role of different actors in shaping and resolving inconsistencies in policy outlook and practice.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a qualitative research approach involving a series of semi-structured interviews with members of the relevant sub-groups concerned. This study sought to address two questions – whether current or proposed policy is likely to affect consumption of indigenous biofuel feedstocks in the biofuel sector and what are the controlling factors in the demand for indigenous feedstocks for biofuel.

Findings
Outcomes suggest that while Irish government policy recognises the need to support the development of renewable energy, it also operates under a number of parallel and potentially inconsistent paradigms in relation to biofuels as a renewable energy commodity. It is contended that the outcome of this position is a lack of coherent and coordinated policy in the area of biofuel production, including second generation biofuel using indigenous feedstocks.

Originality/value
This paper provides a new cross sectoral perspective on the status of biofuel policy in Ireland with particular reference to second generation biofuel feedstocks. It focuses analysis on the nature of policy-operational inconsistencies and the need for a deeper ecological perspective in governance.
Malaysia property sector
Authors: Zull Kepili Ema Izati , Masron Tajul Ariffin 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
Because Malaysia decided to liberalize its property sector, investors have shown a considerable interest in the country’s property investment. Divided into five sub-sectors, Malaysia’s real estate is sought actively by foreign investors. However, to date, the sub-sectors performance analysis has never been researched for the purpose of investment diversification within the property sector. This paper aims to examine the performance of sub-sectors in the property market, namely, residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural and development land. This paper also assesses the portfolio diversification benefits within the sectors.

Design/methodology/approach
Quarterly data from 2002 or 2014 are used to analyze the performance of the Malaysia property market. The analysis is conducted in three phases, pre-liberalization, post-liberalization and overall period, because it considers the liberalization policy introduced in 2009. Statistically, the risk-adjusted return featuring Sharpe’s index is used to observe how these sub-sectors perform relative to each other. Correlation analysis is used to observe the existence of diversification benefits in terms of a Malaysia property context.

Findings
It is found that Malaysia’s real estate sub-sectors have different rankings during the pre- and post-liberalization periods. The difference is due to changes in their average return and the risk. During the post-liberalization period, risk for all sub-sectors has increased but has been well compensated by the return. The residential property sector maintains its ranking position as the best sub-sector for every risk investor’s encounter.

Research limitations/implications
Due to wide range of differences and non-uniformity of costs associated with housings, for example tax rates, rental stream, LTV and others, this research focuses on values and data supplied by NAPIC only.

Originality/value
Although performance and portfolio diversification benefits have been tested in many Asian countries, none has tried to assess the Malaysia property. This research enables the policy maker to be informed on whether the sub-sectors are performing in accordance to country’s requirement and which sub-sectors need to be improved further.
Measuring the value of apartment density?
Authors: Lee Jin-Seong 
Published: November 2016

PurposeThe primary purpose of this study is to identify whether there is a price premium and consumers’ preferences for higher housing density, and whether there is a relationship between housing densities and sales prices. The second purpose was to identify if there is a non-linear relationship between housing density and prices even though housing density is directly associated with housing prices.Design/methodology/approachThis paper applies hedonic modeling techniques to measure the value of development density of apartments in the metropolitan area of Seoul, South Korea. The regression of the sale price is a function of different types of variables such as density, market, location and other control variables.FindingsFor the first question, this paper concludes that the higher densities cause housing prices to decrease in Seoul. The summary of the results presents that housing density, floor area ratio (FAR), building coverage ratio and floor level are all important components affecting housing prices. Generally, consumers tend to buy housing with central heating systems, more parking spaces, smaller portion of rental housing within an apartment and buildings that have more of a mixed-use function. Consumers are also found to pay higher premiums for housing in areas with high population growth and less housing supply. It is conclusive that people are inclined to live in populated areas but do not want more density. For the second question, the results show that generally FAR has quadratic effects, but most housing density variables tend to have a non-linear relationship depending on the different quantile groups.Originality/valueThere is a knowledge gap in the area of estimating development density of apartments. Generally, studies investigating property value impacts of multifamily housing focus on external effects of the multifamily housing on home values to examine whether high density development could result in a decrease in nearby property values. These studies found that there are some positive effects. A study found that high-density housing increases property values of existing single-family homes (Joint Center for Housing Studies, 2011). More specifically, developments that are of a high design quality and superior landscaping increase values of single-family homes as well. Also, those residents who live in these high-density apartments can be good potential buyers for the existing single-family homes. The greater the number of buyers, the greater the housing market becomes. Similarly, according to a report by the Joint Center for Housing Studies (2011) at Harvard University, the presence of multifamily residents correlates with higher home values in “working communities”. Indeed, density can be an important factor determining value of apartments because of its unique characteristics. However, no empirical evidence has been provided in the literature with regard to the value of the development density. This study contributes toward improving this knowledge gap.
Domestic and imports sources of supply to the US shrimp market and anti-dumping duties
Authors: Marvasti Akbar , Carter David W. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an economic analysis of the sources of supply to the US shrimp market.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses monthly time series data to estimate a simultaneous equations model with equations for domestic supplies from the Gulf of Mexico, imports, and prices.

Findings
Estimated long-run elasticities suggest that the domestic shrimp supply appears to be explained by seasons, diesel fuel price, hurricane activity, and shrimp price. The authors find evidence of a downward-slopping supply curve for the domestic harvesters that is likely to be temporary. Furthermore, anti-dumping duties have been ineffectual in curtailing imports produced by exploitation of natural shrimp biomass in developing countries and by technological advancements in aquaculture production. The authors also find evidence of a low exchange rate pass through. Finally, while domestic and import prices are not cointegrated, there is a two-way causality between them.

Practical implications
The authors found evidence that shrimp prices have fallen as import supply, due to technological advances in aquaculture, has risen faster than the US domestic demand over time suggesting a downward sloping supply curve. Also, the falling value of the US dollar has discouraged the imports, while the anti-dumping duties appear to have had little influence on the aggregate level of imports.

Originality/value
It provides a thorough investigation of the supply side of an important component of the US seafood market displaying the complexity of domestic producers’ reaction to falling prices, and ineffectual protectionism.
Inflation persistence and structural breaks
Authors: Canarella Giorgio , Miller Stephen M. 
Published: November 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on a sequential three-stage analysis of inflation persistence using monthly data from 11 inflation targeting (IT) countries and, for comparison, the USA, a non-IT country with a history of credible monetary policy.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the authors estimate inflation persistence in a rolling-window fractional-integration setting using the semiparametric estimator suggested by Phillips (2007). Second, the authors use tests for unknown structural breaks as a means to identify effects of the regime switch and the global financial crisis on inflation persistence. The authors use the sequences of estimated persistence measures from the first stage as dependent variables in the Bai and Perron (2003) structural break tests. Finally, the authors reapply the Phillips (2007) estimator to the subsamples defined by the breaks.FindingsFour countries (Canada, Iceland, Mexico, and South Korea) experience a structural break in inflation persistence that coincide with the implementation of the IT regime, and three IT countries (Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK), as well as the USA experience a structural break in inflation persistence that coincides with the global financial crisis.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors find that in most cases the estimates of inflation persistence switch from mean-reversion nonstationarity to mean-reversion stationarity.Practical implicationsMonetary policy implications differ between pre- and post-global financial crisis.Social implicationsGlobal financial crisis affected the persistence of inflation rates.Originality/valueFirst paper to consider the effect of the global financial crisis on inflation persistence.
An optimal order quantity with shelf-refill trips from backroom for efficient store operations
Authors: Chiralaksanakul Anukal , Sukhotu Vatcharapol 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of backroom storage in supply chain replenishment decision parameters: the order quantity based on the well-established economic order quantity (EOQ) model.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors develop an EOQ-type model to investigate the operational cost impact of the order quantity with backroom storage. Because of the discrete and discontinuous nature of the problem, a modification of an existing algorithm is applied to obtain an optimal order quantity. Numerical experiments derived from a leading retailer in Thailand are used to study the cost impact of the backroom.

Findings
The paper shows that the backroom storage will significantly affect the decision regarding the order quantity. If its effect is ignored, the cost increase can be as high as 30 per cent. The costs and operations of additional shelf-refill trips from the backroom must be carefully analyzed and included in the decisions of replenishment operations.

Research limitations/implications
The model is a simplified version of the actual replenishment process. Validation from a real-world setting should be used to confirm the results. There are many additional opportunities to further integrate other issues in this problem such as shelf space decisions or joint order quantity between vendors and retailers.

Practical implications
The insights gained from the model will help managers, both retailers and vendors or manufacturers, make better decisions with regard to the order quantity policy in the supply chain.

Originality/value
Problems with backroom storage have been qualitatively described in the literature in the past decade. This paper is an early attempt to develop a quantitative model to analytically study the cost impact of backroom on order quantity decisions.
Paths to sustainable enterprise excellence
Authors: Edgeman Rick , Neely Andy , Eskildsen Jacob 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to address the nature of sustainable enterprise excellence, what it is, its enablers and specific manifestations.

Design/methodology/approach
A sweeping model of sustainable enterprise excellence, resilience and robustness is introduced, along with its enablers. Among enablers, supply-chain proficiency, vertical trust, distributed leadership and neuropsychological measurement are cited. A method of strategy modeling is introduced that, if rigorously pursued, will improve enterprise strategy and, hence, also opportunity for better subsequent performance and impacts. Similarly, an approach for strategic alignment in a large, multi-level enterprise is presented.

Findings
There are many paths toward sustainable enterprise excellence. Regardless of the path, this anticipates enterprise pursuit of socially equitable, environmentally responsible and economically sound performance and impacts.

Practical implications
The present is the Anthropocene age, an era fraught with challenges largely of people's own making and related to climate change and various sorts of social strain. Organizations have the wherewithal to attack these challenges. Given the orientation of sustainable enterprise excellence, methods and models that advance sustainable enterprise excellence have the potential to combat these challenges.

Originality/value
Sustainable enterprise excellence provides models and methods for confronting significant challenges that societies and organizations alike are faced with. Various models and paths to sustainable enterprise excellence are suggested in this paper.
A comparison of the immunological potency of Burkholderia lipopolysaccharides in endotoxemic BALB/c mice
Authors: Hsueh Pei‐Tan , Liu Chiu‐Lin , Wang Hsuan‐Han , Ni Wei‐Fen , Chen Ya‐Lei , Liu Jong‐Kang 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTLipopolysaccharide is one of the virulence factors of the soil‐borne pathogens Burkholderia pseudomallei, B. thailandensis, B. cenocepacia and B. multivorans, which cause septic melioidosis (often in B. pseudomallei infections but rarely in B. thailandensis infections) or cepacia syndromes (commonly in B. cenocepacia infections but rarely in B. multivorans infections). The inflammatory responses in Burkholderia LPS‐induced endotoxemia were evaluated in this study. Prior to induction, the conserved structures and functions of each purified LPS were determined using electrophoretic phenotypes, the ratios of 3‐hydroxytetradecanoic to 3‐hydroxyhexadecanoic acid and endotoxin units. In an in vitro assay, cytokine expression of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 and Toll/IL‐1 receptor domain containing adapter‐inducing INF‐β‐dependent signaling‐dependent signaling differed when stimulated by different LPS. Endotoxemia was induced in mice by s.c. injection as evidenced by increasing serum concentrations of 3‐hydroxytetradecanoic acid and the septic prognostic markers CD62E and ICAM‐1. During endotoxemia, splenic CD11b+I‐A+, CD11b+CD80+, CD11b+CD86+ and CD11b+CD11c+ subpopulations increased. After induction with B. pseudomallei LPS, there were significant increases in splenic CD49b NK cells and CD14 macrophages. The inflamed CD11b+CCR2+, CD11b+CD31+, CD11b+CD14+, resident CD11b+CX3CR1+ and progenitor CD11b+CD34+ cells showed delayed increases in bone marrow. B. multivorans LPS was the most potent inducer of serum cytokines and chemokines, whereas B. cenocepacia LPS induced relatively low concentrations of the chemokines MIP‐1α and MIP‐1β. Endotoxin activities did not correlate with the virulence of Burkholderia strains. Thus factors other than LPS and/or other mechanisms of low activity LPS must mediate the pathogenicity of highly virulent Burkholderia strains.
Assessment of pollen rewards by foraging bees
Authors: Nicholls Elizabeth , Hempel de Ibarra Natalie 
Published: November 2016

Summary

The removal of pollen by flower‐visiting insects is costly to plants, not only in terms of production, but also via lost reproductive potential. Modern angiosperms have evolved various reward strategies to limit these costs, yet many plant species still offer pollen as a sole or major reward for pollinating insects.

The benefits plants gain by offering pollen as a reward for pollinating are defined by the behaviour of their pollinators, some of which feed on the pollen at the flower, while others collect pollen to provision offspring.

We explore how pollen impacts on the behaviour and foraging decisions of pollen‐collecting bees, drawing comparisons with what is known for nectar rewards. This question is of particular interest since foraging bees typically do not eat pollen during collection, meaning the sensory pathways involved in evaluating this resource are not immediately obvious.

Previous research has focussed on whether foraging bees can determine the quality of pollen sources offered by different plant species, and attempted to infer the mechanisms underpinning such evaluations, mainly through observations of collection preferences in the field

More recently experimental research has started to ask whether pollen itself can mediate the detection of, and learning about, pollen sources and associated floral cues.

We review advancements in the understanding of how bees forage for pollen and respond to variation in pollen quality, and discuss future directions for studying how this ancestral floral food reward shapes the behaviour of pollinating insects.

A lay summary is available for this article.
Gremlin1 promotes carcinogenesis of glioma in vitro
Authors: Guan Yongchang , Cheng Wen , Zou Cunyi , Wang Tingzhong , Cao Zhi 
Published: November 2016

SummaryAs the most prevalent and lethal type of brain tumours, gliomas, especially malignant ones, are relatively resistant to conventional therapies. Gremlin 1 (GREM1) is a secreted glycoprotein that is implicated in the maintenance of cancer stem cells in tumour hierarchy. In the current study, the role of GREM1 in the carcinogenesis of glioma was studied using a knockdown approach. We first examined the expression level of GREM1 in the clinical samples, and then evaluated the effect of GREM1 knockdown on the viability and colony formation capacity of U87‐MG cells. Moreover, the migration ability, invasiveness, cell cycle, and apoptosis of GREM1‐silenced cells were assessed. Furthermore, the involvement of functional GREM1 in the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of glioma was investigated by detecting the expression levels of glioma‐associated oncogene homologue 3 (GLI3) and EMT‐related molecules. Our results demonstrated that knockdown of GREM1 reduced cell viability, suppressed migration and invasion, and inhibited GLI3 expression and the EMT process in U87‐MG cells. Meanwhile, GREM1 silencing promoted apoptosis in U87‐MG cells through the accumulation of Bax, cleaved caspase‐3, and cleaved poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) as well as the downregulation of Bcl‐2. In addition, GREM1 knockdown abolished transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1‐mediated activation of the Smad pathway, which may underlie the mechanism of GREM1‐regulated EMT. In conclusion, GREM1 plays an important role in the development of glioma, and it may serve as a potential target in glioma therapy.
Possibly similar genetic basis of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab protein in 3 resistant colonies of the sugarcane borer collected from Louisiana, USA
Authors: Yang Fei , Chen Mao , Gowda Anilkumar , Kerns David L. , Huang Fangneng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), is a major maize borer pest and a target of transgenic maize expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins in South America and the mid‐southern region of the United States. Evolution of resistance in target pest populations is a great threat to the long‐term efficacy of Bt crops. In this study, we compared the genetic basis of resistance to Cry1Ab protein in 3 resistant colonies of sugarcane borer established from field populations in Louisiana, USA. Responses of larvae to the Cry1Ab protein for the parental and 10 other cross colonies were assayed in a diet‐incorporated bioassay. All 3 resistant colonies were highly resistant to the Cry1Ab protein with a resistance ratio of >555.6 fold. No maternal effect or sex linkage was evident for the resistance in the 3 colonies; and the resistance was functionally nonrecessive at the Cry1Ab concentrations of ≤ 3.16 μg/g, but it became recessive at ≥10 μg/g. In an interstrain complementation test for allelism, the F1 progeny from crosses between any 2 of the 3 resistant colonies exhibited the similar resistance levels as their parental colonies, indicating that the 3 colonies most likely shared a locus of Cry1Ab resistance. Results generated from this study should provide useful information in developing effective strategies for managing Bt resistance in the insect.
Bioinformatic processing of RAD‐seq data dramatically impacts downstream population genetic inference
Authors: Shafer Aaron B. A. , Peart Claire R. , Tusso Sergio , Maayan Inbar , Brelsford Alan , Wheat Christopher W. , Wolf Jochen B. W. 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) provides high‐resolution population genomic data at low cost, and has become an important component in ecological and evolutionary studies. As with all high‐throughput technologies, analytic strategies require critical validation to ensure precise and unbiased interpretation.

To test the impact of bioinformatic data processing on downstream population genetic inferences, we analysed mammalian RAD‐seq data (>100 individuals) with 312 combinations of methodology (de novo vs. mapping to references of increasing divergence) and filtering criteria (missing data, HWE, FIS, coverage, mapping and genotype quality). In an effort to identify commonalities and biases in all pipelines, we computed summary statistics (nr. loci, nr. SNP, π, Hetobs, FIS, FST, Ne and m) and compared the results to independent null expectations (isolation‐by‐distance correlation, expected transition‐to‐transversion ratio Ts/Tv and Mendelian mismatch rates of known parent–offspring trios).

We observed large differences between reference‐based and de novo approaches, the former generally calling more SNPs and reducing FIS and Ts/Tv. Data completion levels showed little impact on most summary statistics, and FST estimates were robust across all pipelines. The site frequency spectrum was highly sensitive to the chosen approach as reflected in large variance of parameter estimates across demographic scenarios (single‐population bottlenecks and isolation‐with‐migration model). Null expectations were best met by reference‐based approaches, although contingent on the specific criteria.

We recommend that RAD‐seq studies employ reference‐based approaches to a closely related genome, and due to the high stochasticity associated with the pipeline advocate the use of multiple pipelines to ensure robust population genetic and demographic inferences.