bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher number of live births is associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and adverse cardiac remodelling among US Hispanic/Latina women: results from the Echocardiographic Study of Latinos
Authors: Aggarwal Shivani R , Herrington David M , Vladutiu Catherine J , Newman Jill C , Swett Katrina , Gonzalez Franklyn , Kizer Jorge R , Kominiarek Michelle A , Tabb Karen M , Gallo Linda C , Talavera Gregory A , Hurwitz Barry E , Rodriguez Carlos J 
Published: May 2017

IntroductionFemale sex is a risk factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Previous literature suggests that some diastolic dysfunction (DD) develops during pregnancy and may persist postdelivery. Our objective was to examine the relationship between parity and cardiac structure and function in a population-based cohort.MethodsParticipants included 1172 Hispanic/Latina women, aged ≥45 years, enrolled in the Echocardiographic Study of Latinos from four US communities (Bronx, Miami, San Diego and Chicago). Standard echocardiographic techniques were used to measure cardiac volumes, left ventricular mass, systolic and diastolic function. Using sampling weights and survey statistics, multivariable linear and logistic regression models were constructed adjusting for age, body mass index, diabetes or prediabetes, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medications, smoking, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.ResultsIn the target population, 5.0% were nulliparous (no live births) and 10.5% were grand multiparous (≥5 live births). Among the nulliparous women, 46% had DD as compared with 51%–58% of women with 1–4 live births and 81% of women with ≥5 live births (p<0.01). In full multivariate models, higher parity was significantly associated with greater left ventricular end-systolic volumes, end-diastolic volumes, left atrial volume indices and presence of DD (all p<0.01) but was not associated with ejection fraction. The log odds for having any grade of DD in grand-multiparous women was over three times that seen in nulliparous women (OR=3.4, 95% CI 1.5 to 7.9, p<0.01) in models further adjusted for income and education.ConclusionsHigher parity is associated with increased cardiac mass, volumes and the presence of DD. Further studies are needed to elucidate this apparent deleterious relation and whether parity can help explain the increased risk of HFpEF in women.
Adequacy of postgraduate medical training: views of different generations of UK-trained doctors
Authors: Smith Fay , Goldacre Michael J , Lambert Trevor William 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundOver the last decade, many changes have taken place in the UK, which have affected the training that doctors receive.AimTo assess doctors’ views on quality and adequacy of postgraduate training.MethodsQuestionnaires about training sent to UK-trained doctors who graduated between 1974 and 2012.ResultsAmong trainees towards the end of their first year of medical work and training, 36% agreed that in their first year “Training was of a high standard”; 21% disagreed; 43% neither agreed nor disagreed. Only 16% agreed “I had to perform clinical tasks for which I felt inadequately trained”.Among doctors 12 years into their careers, 83% agreed “My training has been long enough, and good enough, to enable me to practise adequately when I first become/became a consultant or GP”.Among senior hospital doctors aged in their 50s or 60s, 21% agreed that “These days, the training of specialist doctors in the NHS is sufficient to enable them to practise adequately when they first become consultants”; 38% disagreed, and the rest neither agreed nor disagreed. Of senior GPs, 41% agreed “These days, the training of GP trainees in the NHS is sufficient to enable them to practise adequately when they first become GPs”; 28% disagreed.ConclusionsViews on early career training were mixed, but few felt exposed to clinical situations beyond their ability. Most newly appointed consultants and GPs felt adequately trained for practice, though many senior doctors were unsure that this was the case.
The mechanical, optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties of NiYSn (Y = Zr and Hf) alloys
Authors: Hamioud Farida , Mubarak A. A. 
Published: May 2017

First-principle calculations are performed using DFT as implemented in Wien2k code to compute the mechanical, electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of NiYSn (Y = Zr and Hf) alloys. The computed lattice constants, bulk modulus and cohesive energy of these alloys at 0 K and 0 GPa are performed. NiZrSn and NiHfSn are found to be anisotropic and elastically stable. Furthermore, both alloys are confirmed to be thermodynamically stable by the calculated values of the standard enthalpy of formation. The Young’s and shear moduli values show that NiZrSn seems to be stiffer than NiHfSn. The optical properties are performed using the dielectric function. Some beneficial optoelectronic applications are found as exposed in the optical spectra. Moreover, the alloys are classified as good insulators for solar heating. The thermoelectric properties as a function of temperature are computed utilizing BoltzTrap code. The major charge carriers are found to be electrons and the alloys are classified as [Formula: see text]-type doping alloys.
Geochemistry and U–Pb SHRIMP zircon geochronology of microgranular enclaves and host granitoids from the South Khasi Hills of the Meghalaya Plateau, NE India: evidence of synchronous mafic–felsic magma mixing–fractionation and diffusion in a post-collision tectonic environment during the Pan-African orogenic cycle
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Pieru Thepfuvilie , Rino Vikoleno , Hayasaka Yasutaka 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Felsic magmatism in the South Khasi Hills of the Meghalaya Plateau, NE India, referred herein as the South Khasi granitoids (SKG: 519.5±9.7 Ma), invariably contains rounded to elongate, fine- to medium-grained, mafic to porphyritic microgranular enclaves (ME: 515±13 Ma) showing sharp to crenulate contacts with the host SKG. Compositions of plagioclase, amphibole and biotite in the ME are slightly distinct or similar to those of the host SKG, which appear re-equilibrated through diffusion mechanisms during partial liquid (semi-solid) conditions prior to the complete solidification of the mafic–felsic interacting system maximum at shallow continental crustal depths of approximately 9.5 km (
c.
250 MPa) under oxidizing conditions. Although the ME are chemically modified, both the ME and SKG exhibit a wide chemical variation as high-K
2
O metaluminous (I-type) granitoids. Linear to near-linear variations of chemical elements against SiO
2
may suggest the origin of the ME as the result of the mixing of crystal-charged mafic and felsic magmas in various proportions. However, the data scatter and ill-defined chemical variations can be attributed to chaotic chemical mixing, diffusion and, to some extent, mechanical sorting of the crystals. The identical trace element patterns of the ME and the respective SKG have strengthened the idea of chemical re-equilibration at varying levels between them through diffusion during synchronous mixing–fractionation and mingling. Mean zircon
207
Pb/
206
Pb ages from the ME (515±13 Ma) and SKG (519.5±9.7 Ma) underline the co-existence of Cambrian mafic and felsic magmas formed during the later stages of the assembly of East Gondwanaland as an integral part of the Pan-Indian–African–Brasiliano orogenic cycle. The ME in SKG thus represent mingled, undercooled, heterogeneous hybrid magma globules formed by linear to chaotic mixing that was synchronous with fractionation of coeval crystal-charged mafic (enclave) and felsic (SKG) magmas, which experienced differential degrees of chemical exchange through diffusion with the surrounding felsic host in an open magma system.
Reaction textures, pressure–temperature paths and chemical dates of monazite from a new suite of sapphirine–spinel granulites from parts of the Eastern Ghats Province, India: insights into the final amalgamation of India and East Antarctica during the formation of Rodinia
Authors: Das Enakshi , Karmakar Subrata , Dey Anindita , Karmakar Shreya , Sengupta Pulak 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

A suite of Mg–Al granulites from two new localities in the Eastern Ghats Province are investigated to put constraints on: (a) the thermal and baric evolution of these rocks; (b) the timing of high-grade metamorphisms (chemical dating of monazite); (c) the tectonic setting where the high-grade metamorphisms occurred; and (d) a possible link between India and East Antarctica during the formation of the Rodinia supercontinent. Supporting the proposition of polymetamorphism over single metamorphism, our study documents at least two distinct phases of high-grade metamorphism that occurred in two contrasting tectonic settings. Reconstructed pristine spinel composition from oxide aggregates, the Al content of coronitic orthopyroxene over sapphirine and spinel, and the constraints of the FeO–MgO–Al
2
O
3
–SiO
2
(FMAS) topology in the FMAS system document temperatures in excess of 1070°C at 8–9 kbar pressure (>1100°C GPa
−1
). This study shows that such an extreme metamorphic condition was reached along a counter-clockwise
P
–
T
trajectory presumably in an extensional setting at approximately 1.2 Ga. The eventual collision of India and East Antarctica reworked the near-isobarically cooled assemblages of the first event, and triggered exhumation of the former lower crust to the upper-crustal depth along a steeply decompressive trajectory during the formation of the Rodinia supercontinent (
c.
0.95–0.90 Ga).

Supplementary material:
Representative electron microprobe analyses of monazite in wt%, calculated apparent ages and ±2σ error are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3771044
Inferring a Neoproterozoic orogeny preceding the Rodinia break-up in the Sirohi Group, NW India
Authors: Arora Devsamridhi , Pant Naresh C. , Fareeduddin  , Sharma Surbhi , Raghuram  , Sadiq Mohd. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Recent studies indicate the Delhi Orogeny to be a Grenvillian-age collision event in the NW Indian Shield. West of the southern part of the South Delhi Fold Belt, aeromagnetic anomalies show a high-angle relationship with the Delhi Fold Belt trend. We examined an argillaceous–calcareous metamorphosed sequence exposed within and adjacent to this aeromagnetic anomaly. This sequence, deposited over a granitic basement, is reported as the Sirohi Group. The basement granite is dated to be 892±10 Ma (Erinpura age) and this was partially reset at 815±43 Ma. The metapelites preserve a low- to medium-grade metamorphic assemblage (peak temperature of
c.
460°C) and the metamorphism took place at 822±29 Ma, which was partially reset at 723±65 Ma. The partial resetting can be ascribed to the Malani eruption. Control of accessory minerals on the garnet trace element chemistry is evident in the Y distribution of the two analysed garnets.

It is contended that the Rodinia break-up, marked by Malani Igneous Suite, was preceded by an orogenic event (the Sirohi Orogeny) which marked the culminating mountain-building event in the cratonization of the NW Indian Shield.
The Rauer–Rengali connection in the Indo-Antarctica amalgam: evidence from structure, metamorphism and geochronology
Authors: Sawant Amol Dayanand , Gupta Saibal , Clark Chris , Misra Surajit 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
India and East Antarctica collided during assembly of the Rodinia supercontinent at around 1 Ga. Granulites related to this orogeny are exposed in the Eastern Ghats Province (EGP) in India, and these are believed to have been contiguous with granulites of the Rayner Province in East Antarctica at that time. In the Indian segment, we describe a shear zone between the EGP and the Rengali Province to its north along which strongly foliated bands of garnetiferous quartzofeldspathic gneisses, khondalites and charnockites are intercalated. The foliation is consistently east–west trending and subvertical, with downdip intersection lineations. Maximum asymmetry in horizontal sections and textural analysis using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis confirm that the transport vector during shearing was horizontal. The shear zone is interpreted as a dextral strike-slip fault that operated under greenschist-facies conditions, juxtaposing 1 Ga EGP granulites with 2.8 Ga cratonic granulites to the north. The corresponding region in East Antarctica is represented by the Rauer Group, where intercalations between 2.8 and 1.0 Ga, vertically orientated lithologies, are observed alongside 0.5 Ga shear zones. These features in the Rauer Group can be correlated with those in the Rengali Province, further supporting existing palaeogeographical reconstructions of Gondwana.
Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Human Papillomavirus Infection in Men and Women Residing in the United States
Authors: Molokwu Jennifer C. , Penaranda Eribeth , Lopez David S. , Dwivedi Alok , Dodoo Christopher , Shokar Navkiran 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background: An estimated 33% of adults in the United States have metabolic syndrome (MetS), which has been associated with an increased risk for various cancer types. Theories of synergism among components of MetS that increase cancer risk via chronic inflammation and oxidative stress have been proposed. We hypothesize that men and women with MetS may have compromised immunological response resulting in increased risk for persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The goal of this study is to determine the association of MetS with HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 and to explore variation of these associations by gender using data from a national survey.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Results: Thirty-two percent of the population sampled met the criteria for MetS (16% men and 33% women). Nineteen percent tested positive for HPV (6, 11, 16, and 18). Prevalence of HPV infection was estimated at 13% for men and 30% for females. MetS was found to be significantly associated with increased risk of HPV6, 11, 16, or 18 in the entire cohort [RR = 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–1.48] and in females (RR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.02–1.56). Although the adjusted risk of HPV+ve status was found to be 21% higher in men with MetS compared with those without, this difference did not attain statistical significance.
Conclusions: We observed a significant association between metabolic syndrome and HPV sero-positivity among the overall population and among females. Although not significant, a similar effect was noted in men. Further prospective studies are needed to better understand this relationship.
Impact:To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the impact of metabolic syndrome on HPV positivity in both males and females. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(8); 1321–7. ©2017 AACR.
Regulation of USP37 Expression by REST-Associated G9a-Dependent Histone Methylation
Authors: Dobson Tara H.W. , Hatcher Rashieda J. , Swaminathan Jyothishmathi , Das Chandra M. , Shaik Shavali , Tao Rong-Hua , Milite Ciro , Castellano Sabrina , Taylor Pete H. , Sbardella Gianluca , Gopalakrishnan Vidya 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The deubiquitylase (DUB) USP37 is a component of the ubiquitin system and controls cell proliferation by regulating the stability of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, (CDKN1B/p27Kip1). The expression of USP37 is downregulated in human medulloblastoma tumor specimens. In the current study, we show that USP37 prevents medulloblastoma growth in mouse orthotopic models, suggesting that it has tumor-suppressive properties in this neural cancer. Here, we also report on the mechanism underlying USP37 loss in medulloblastoma. Previously, we observed that the expression of USP37 is transcriptionally repressed by the RE1 silencing transcription factor (REST), which requires chromatin remodeling factors for its activity. Genetic and pharmacologic approaches were employed to identify a specific role for G9a, a histone methyltransferase (HMT), in promoting methylation of histone H3 lysine-9 (H3K9) mono- and dimethylation, and surprisingly trimethylation, at the USP37 promoter to repress its gene expression. G9a inhibition also blocked the tumorigenic potential of medulloblastoma cells in vivo. Using isogenic low- and high-REST medulloblastoma cells, we further showed a REST-dependent elevation in G9a activity, which further increased mono- and trimethylation of histone H3K9, accompanied by downregulation of USP37 expression. Together, these findings reveal a role for REST-associated G9a and histone H3K9 methylation in the repression of USP37 expression in medulloblastoma.
Implications: Reactivation of USP37 by G9a inhibition has the potential for therapeutic applications in REST-expressing medulloblastomas. Mol Cancer Res; 15(8); 1073–84. ©2017 AACR.
p53 Maintains Baseline Expression of Multiple Tumor Suppressor Genes
Authors: Pappas Kyrie , Xu Jia , Zairis Sakellarios , Resnick-Silverman Lois , Abate Francesco , Steinbach Nicole , Ozturk Sait , Saal Lao H. , Su Tao , Cheung Pamela , Schmidt Hank , Aaronson Stuart , Hibshoosh Hanina , Manfredi James , Rabadan Raul , Parsons Ramon 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
TP53 is the most commonly mutated tumor suppressor gene and its mutation drives tumorigenesis. Using ChIP-seq for p53 in the absence of acute cell stress, we found that wild-type but not mutant p53 binds and activates numerous tumor suppressor genes, including PTEN, STK11(LKB1), miR-34a, KDM6A(UTX), FOXO1, PHLDA3, and TNFRSF10B through consensus binding sites in enhancers and promoters. Depletion of p53 reduced expression of these target genes, and analysis across 18 tumor types showed that mutation of TP53 associated with reduced expression of many of these genes. Regarding PTEN, p53 activated expression of a luciferase reporter gene containing the p53-consensus site in the PTEN enhancer, and homozygous deletion of this region in cells decreased PTEN expression and increased growth and transformation. These findings show that p53 maintains expression of a team of tumor suppressor genes that may together with the stress-induced targets mediate the ability of p53 to suppress cancer development. p53 mutations selected during tumor initiation and progression, thus, inactivate multiple tumor suppressor genes in parallel, which could account for the high frequency of p53 mutations in cancer.
Implications: In this study, we investigate the activities of p53 under normal low-stress conditions and discover that p53 is capable of maintaining the expression of a group of important tumor suppressor genes at baseline, many of which are haploinsufficient, which could contribute to p53-mediated tumor suppression. Mol Cancer Res; 15(8); 1051–62. ©2017 AACR.
Age‐Specific Vascular Risk Factor Profiles According to Stroke Subtype
Authors: Hauer Allard J. , Ruigrok Ynte M. , Algra Ale , van Dijk Ewoud J. , Koudstaal Peter J. , Luijckx Gert‐Jan , Nederkoorn Paul J. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , Visser Marieke C. , Wermer Marieke J. , Kappelle L. Jaap , Klijn Catharina J. M. ,   the Dutch Parelsnoer Institute‐Cerebrovascular Accident Study Group
Published: May 2017

Background
Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are increasingly recognized as heterogeneous diseases with distinct subtypes and etiologies. Information on variation in distribution of vascular risk factors according to age in stroke subtypes is limited. We investigated the prevalence of vascular risk factors in stroke subtypes in relation to age.

Methods and Results
We studied a prospective multicenter university hospital–based cohort of 4033 patients. For patients with ischemic stroke caused by large artery atherosclerosis, small vessel disease, or cardioembolism and for patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage or aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, we calculated prevalences of vascular risk factors in 4 age groups: <55, 55 to 65, 65 to 75, and ≥75 years, and mean differences with 95% CIs in relation to the reference age group. Patients aged <55 years were significantly more often of non‐white origin (in particular in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients) and most often smoked (most prominent for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients). Patients aged <55 years with ischemic stroke caused by large artery atherosclerosis or small vessel disease more often had hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus than patients with ischemic stroke of cardiac origin. Overall, the frequency of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus increased with age among all stroke subtypes, whereas smoking decreased with age. Regardless of age, accumulation of potentially modifiable risk factors was most pronounced in patients with ischemic stroke caused by large artery atherosclerosis or small vessel disease.

Conclusions
The prevalence of common cardiovascular risk factors shows different age‐specific patterns among various stroke subtypes. Recognition of these patterns may guide tailored stroke prevention efforts aimed at specific risk groups.
Calcification and Oxidative Modifications Are Associated With Progressive Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Dysfunction
Authors: Lee Suengwon , Levy Robert J. , Christian Abigail J. , Hazen Stanley L. , Frick Nathan E. , Lai Eric K. , Grau Juan B. , Bavaria Joseph E. , Ferrari Giovanni 
Published: May 2017

Background

Bioprosthetic heart valves (
BHVs
), fabricated from glutaraldehyde‐pretreated bovine pericardium or porcine aortic valves, are widely used for the surgical or interventional treatment of heart valve disease. Reoperation becomes increasingly necessary over time because of
BHV
dysfunction.

Methods and Results

Forty‐seven explanted
BHV
aortic valve replacements were retrieved at reoperation for clinically severe
BHV
dysfunction over the period 2010–2016. Clinical explant analyses of
BHV
leaflets for calcium (atomic absorption spectroscopy) and oxidized amino acids, per mass spectroscopy, were primary end points. Comorbidities for earlier
BHV
explant included diabetes mellitus and coronary artery bypass grafting. Mean calcium levels in
BHV
leaflets were significantly increased compared with unimplanted
BHV
(
P
<0.001); however, time to reoperation did not differ comparing calcified and noncalcified
BHV
.
BHV
dityrosine, an oxidized amino acid cross‐link, was significantly increased in the explants (227.55±33.27 μmol/mol [dityrosine/tyrosine]) but was undetectable in unimplanted leaflets (
P
<0.001).
BHV
regional analyses revealed that dityrosine, ranging from 57.5 to 227.8 μmol/mol (dityrosine/tyrosine), was detectable only in the midleaflet samples, indicating the site‐specific nature of dityrosine formation. 3‐Chlorotyrosine, an oxidized amino acid formed by myeloperoxidase‐catalyzed chlorinating oxidants, correlated with
BHV
calcium content in leaflet explant analyses from coronary artery bypass graft patients (
r
=0.62,
P
=0.01) but was not significantly correlated with calcification in non–coronary artery bypass graft explanted
BHV
.

Conclusions

Both increased
BHV
leaflet calcium levels and elevated oxidized amino acids were associated with bioprosthesis dysfunction necessitating reoperation; however,
BHV
calcium levels were not a determinant of implant duration, indicating a potentially important role for oxidized amino acid formation in
BHV
dysfunction.