bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous domain configurations in ferroelectric crystals during thermal depolarization
Authors: Wang Yaojin , Ma He , Yuan Guoliang , Luo Haosu , Viehland Dwight 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe phase transition and domain configurations in emerging ternary Mn‐doped Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 ferroelectric crystals have been investigated by high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction. Phase transition sequences of cubic→rhombohedral and monoclinic A→tetragonal→cubic were determined under zero‐field‐cooling and zero‐field‐heating after poling, respectively. Most importantly, a monoclinic‐like heterogeneous domain configuration was observed in the conventional high‐symmetry tetragonal phase field due to the coexistence of multiscale tetragonal variants. Our results provide further evidence that superlattices with low‐symmetry can be assisted by tetragonal nano‐twins.
High thermal conductivity of spark plasma sintered silicon carbide ceramics with yttria and scandia
Authors: Seo Yu‐Kwang , Kim Young‐Wook , Nishimura Toshiyuki , Seo Won‐Seon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA fully dense SiC ceramic with a room‐temperature thermal conductivity of 262 W·(m·K)−1 was obtained via spark plasma sintering β‐SiC powder containing 0.79 vol% Y2O3‐Sc2O3. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed two different SiC‐SiC boundaries, that is, amorphous and clean boundaries, in addition to a fully crystallized junction phase. A high thermal conductivity was attributed to a low lattice oxygen content and the presence of clean SiC‐SiC boundaries.
Polarization behavior of sol‐gel‐derived relaxor Ba(Zr, Ti)O3 films
Authors: Teranishi Takashi , Kajiyama Shin , Hayashi Hidetaka , Kishimoto Akira 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFilms of the relaxor ferroelectric BaZr0.25Ti0.75O3 (0.25‐BZT) were synthesized via a sol‐gel route to investigate the effect of film thickness on the dielectric properties and for comparison with normal ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BT). The as‐prepared films on Nb‐doped SrTiO3 (Nb–ST) displayed a (100) orientation; thinner films had stronger (100) orientations. Microwave dielectric measurements up to a few GHz quantified the polarizations, that is, the dipole contribution, εdipole, the combination of the ionic and electronic polarizations, εionic+el., and the total contribution, εtotal. The εdipole in the relaxors at a film thickness of t=630 nm was 360, which was double that for the normal ferroelectric BT (εdipole=180) at t=735 nm. The larger apparent permittivity of the BZT therefore originated from the larger εdipole of the polar nanoregions (PNRs), while the nanograins of BT with few domain walls led to a comparably smaller εdipole. The volume ratio of the surface and film‐substrate interface lacking the dipole interactions increased with the reduction in the film thickness, leading to the significant depression in the permittivity for both specimens. The difference in the thickness dependence of the dielectric properties of the sol‐gel derived relaxor BZT and the normal ferroelectric BT films was attributed to the different origins of their dipole contribution, that is, the PNRs and ferroelectric domains, respectively.
Commentary: Fundamental problems with candidate gene‐by‐environment interaction studies – reflections on Moore and Thoemmes (2016)
Authors: Border Richard , Keller Matthew C. 
Published: February 2017

Moore and Thoemmes elaborate on one particular source of difficulty in the study of candidate gene‐by‐environment interactions (cG × E): how different biologically plausible configurations of gene‐environment covariation can bias estimates of cG × E when not explicitly modeled. However, even if cG × E investigators were able to account for the sources of bias Moore and Thoemmes elaborate, it is unlikely that conventional approaches would yield reliable results. Published cG × E findings to date have generally employed inadequate analytic procedures, have relied on samples orders of magnitude too small to detect plausible effects, and have relied on a particular candidate gene approach that has been unfruitful and largely jettisoned in mainstream genetic analyses of complex traits. Analytic procedures for the study of gene‐environment interplay must evolve to meet the challenges that the genetic architecture of complex traits presents, and investigators must collaborate on grander scales if we hope to begin to understand how specific genes and environments combine to affect behavior.
Commentary: What is the case for candidate gene approaches in the era of high‐throughput genomics? A response to Border and Keller (2017)
Authors: Moore Sarah R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBorder and Keller argue that candidate gene approaches are outdated and out‐of‐touch with the current understanding of the genetic architecture of complex behavioral traits and should be abandoned in favor of unbiased, genome‐wide approaches. Border and Keller further suggest that a candidate gene should not be selected for in‐depth investigation unless identified by a well‐powered genome‐wide association study (GWAS). An alternative perspective is offered that candidate approaches can be sensible for developmental and deep‐phenotyping studies aimed at elucidating particular biological pathways responsible for the emergence of psychological phenotypes, and that candidates should not necessarily be expected to be confirmed by, or solely selected based on, GWAS. Both candidate and whole genome strategies have limitations, and each approach is useful and valid in the quest to identify the elusive genetic architecture of complex behavioral phenotypes.
The Effect of Brushing and Aging on the Staining and Smoothness of Resin Composites
Authors: Mozzaquatro Lisandra R. , Rodrigues Camila S. , Kaizer Marina R. , Lago Maristela , Mallmann André , Jacques Letícia B. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the staining and smoothness of resin composites undergoing aging in water or red wine and simulated brushing with or without dentifrice.MethodsThe resin composites (Z250 microfilled and Z350XT nanofilled) were tested according to aging media (deionized water or red wine) and surface treatment (no brushing, brushed with water, or brushed with dentifrice). Specimens (n = 10) were subjected to three aging cycles (5 days) of continuous immersion in the aging media; each followed by simulated brushing (585 strokes). Color coordinates (CIEL*a*b*) were measured with a spectrophotometer (SP60, EX‐Rite) and roughness (Ra) measured with a contact profilometer (Surftest SJ‐201P, Mitutoyo), in five time points across the experiment. Surface morphology was analyzed using AFM (SPM‐9600, Shimadzu) at the end of the experiment. Data for color change (ΔE00) and Ra were analyzed by two‐way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05).ResultsColor change was observed for all groups, and it was always greater for Z350. Surface treatment did not influence the ΔE00 values for the groups aged in water. However, brushing decreased ΔE00 for the groups aged in red wine. In general, ΔE00 increased with time. Little to no differences in smoothness were observed with aging and brushing. The surface morphology analyses showed exposed/lost filler particles for brushed Z250. Such observations were not so clear for Z350.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the present experiment, short‐time simulated toothbrushing with soft‐bristle toothbrush and low abrasive dentifrice did not increase roughness and reduced staining for both nanofilled and microfilled materials.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEStaining and surface degradation of the resin composites was reduced, but not prevented by brushing alone. Thus, minimizing the restoration exposure to staining substances is important for maintaining the aesthetic appearance of the restoration. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:E44–E55, 2017)
Violence against women: knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of nurses and midwives
Authors: Di Giacomo Patrizia , Cavallo Alessandra , Bagnasco AnnaMaria , Sartini Marina , Sasso Loredana 
Published: February 2017

Aims and objectivesTo describe the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of nurses and midwives who have attended to women who suffered violence. This study further analyses the possible changes of attitude that have occurred over the past five years.BackgroundGender violence or violence against women is the largest problem with regard to public health and violated human rights all over the world. In Italy, it is estimated that 31·5% of women suffer physical or sexual violence during their life. Healthcare operators play a crucial role in recognising the signs of the violence suffered when taking care of victims.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted.MethodsA questionnaire was administered; this was used in a previous survey of a convenience sample of 51 nurses and midwives who work in an emergency room or in an obstetrics emergency room and gynaecological ward.ResultsOf the respondents, 51 (80·4%) have taken care of women who suffered violence, and 25 (49%) believe they can detect violence. The relational/communicative approach presents the most difficulty, and all the operators believe they need more knowledge. The number of operators who suggest women be observed in an emergency room and file a complaint or who primarily consider listening to women has decreased. A tendency to ‘blame’ women, although decreasing, persists; it is higher among male nurses and, in general, among male operators.ConclusionKnowledge of this issue has not been completely recognised among operators despite training and the emergence of the phenomenon in the mass media. Difficulties in receiving and in relational procedures continue to exist, in addition to ‘blaming’ the woman.Relevance to clinical practiceAwareness paths and cultural changes regarding the phenomenon of violence need to be developed, as does a specific training programme on the approach to and assessment of the abused woman.
Management of pulmonary vasodilator therapy in three pregnancies with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Daimon Atsushi , Kamiya Chizuko A. , Iwanaga Naoko , Ikeda Tomoaki , Nakanishi Norifumi , Yoshimatsu Jun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPregnancy with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has a significantly high risk of maternal death and women with PAH are basically advised to avoid pregnancy. Recently, several reports have described pregnant women with PAH who were treated with pulmonary vasodilators during pregnancy and delivered safely. However, the efficacy of this treatment during pregnancy is still not clear. Here we report on the short‐term outcomes of three primiparous women with PAH who were prescribed pulmonary vasodilator therapy during their pregnancies. All women delivered preterm due to cardiac and/or obstetric reasons and were discharged without any complication. Pulmonary vasodilator therapy can be used safely during the pregnancies of PAH patients and may contribute to improved maternal and fetal prognoses.
Imaging of the Vasa Nervorum Using Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Saleem Muhammad A. , Ahrar Asad , Raja Faisal 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONWe describe the use of intravenous contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography to study vasa nervorum using contrast‐enhanced ultrasound.METHODSWe imaged the median, femoral, or sciatic nerves in 4 patients in longitudinal plane using high‐resolution ultrasound after intravenous bolus of activated Perflutren lipid microspheres. The images were acquired as photopic images (in brown color) in real time using 2‐dimensional B‐Flow mode scan within a selected region of interest.RESULTSThe vasa nervorum was seen as focal ovoid enhancement along either the superior and inferior aspects of the nerve most pronounced during arterial phase (peak enhancement) in all 4 patients. The fluctuating intensity of enchancement during cardiac cycle confirmed the arterial origin of enhacement. Punctate, linear, or diffuse enhancement was also seen along the trunk of the nerve.CONCLUSIONSWe were able to identify the vasa nervorum along the outer aspect of the studied nerves using contrast‐enhanced ultrasound.
Comparing Two Processing Pipelines to Measure Subcortical and Cortical Volumes in Patients with and without Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Reid Matthew W. , Hannemann Nathan P. , York Gerald E. , Ritter John L. , Kini Jonathan A. , Lewis Jeffrey D. , Sherman Paul M. , Velez Carmen S. , Drennon Ann Marie , Bolzenius Jacob D. , Tate David F. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPURPOSETo compare volumetric results from NeuroQuant® and FreeSurfer in a service member setting. Since the advent of medical imaging, quantification of brain anatomy has been a major research and clinical effort. Rapid advancement of methods to automate quantification and to deploy this information into clinical practice has surfaced in recent years. NeuroQuant® is one such tool that has recently been used in clinical settings. Accurate volumetric data are useful in many clinical indications; therefore, it is important to assess the intermethod reliability and concurrent validity of similar volume quantifying tools.METHODSVolumetric data from 148 U.S. service members across three different experimental groups participating in a study of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) were examined. Groups included mTBI (n = 71), posttraumatic stress disorder (n = 22), or a noncranial orthopedic injury (n = 55). Correlation coefficients and nonparametric group mean comparisons were used to assess reliability and concurrent validity, respectively.RESULTSComparison of these methods across our entire sample demonstrates generally fair to excellent reliability as evidenced by large intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC = .4 to .99), but little concurrent validity as evidenced by significantly different Mann‐Whitney U comparisons for 26 of 30 brain structures measured.CONCLUSIONWhile reliability between the two segmenting tools is fair to excellent, volumetric outcomes are statistically different between the two methods. As suggested by both developers, structure segmentation should be visually verified prior to clinical use and rigor should be used when interpreting results generated by either method.
Effect of head lift exercise on kinematic motion of the hyolaryngeal complex and aspiration in patients with dysphagic stroke
Authors: Park J. S. , Hwang N. K. , Oh D. H. , Chang M. Y. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe head lift exercise (HLE) is a head‐raising workout performed in a supine position. This exercise facilitates activation of the submental muscles located above the hyoid bone in front of the neck. HLE is a potential method to improve the movement of the hyolaryngeal movement and swallowing functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of HLE on the hyolaryngeal movement and aspiration in patients with dysphagic stroke. A total of 27 patients with stroke were randomly assigned either into the experimental (n = 13) or the control group (n = 14). The experimental group performed HLE 5 days a week for 4 weeks (a total of 20 sessions). Both groups received the same conventional dysphagia therapy. Two‐dimensional analysis of the hyolaryngeal movement was carried out using Image J program based on a videofluoroscopic swallowing study. Penetration–aspiration was assessed using Penetration–Aspiration Scale (PAS). The experimental group showed a significant increase in the only superior movements of the hyoid bone compared with the control group (P = 0·033). Aspiration in liquid also exhibited a significant decrease in the experimental group compared with the control group (P = 0·044). Findings from this study confirmed that HLE is an effective intervention to improve hyoid movement and decrease aspiration.
Carbon fibre versus metal framework in full‐arch immediate loading rehabilitations of the maxilla – a cohort clinical study
Authors: Pera F. , Pesce P. , Solimano F. , Tealdo T. , Pera P. , Menini M. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryFrameworks made of carbon fibre‐reinforced composites (CFRC) seem to be a viable alternative to traditional metal frameworks in implant prosthodontics. CFRC provide stiffness, rigidity and optimal biocompatibility. The aim of the present prospective study was to compare carbon fibre frameworks versus metal frameworks used to rigidly splint implants in full‐arch immediate loading rehabilitations. Forty‐two patients (test group) were rehabilitated with full‐arch immediate loading rehabilitations of the upper jaw (total: 170 implants) following the Columbus Bridge Protocol with four to six implants with distal tilted implants. All patients were treated with resin screw‐retained full‐arch prostheses endowed with carbon fibre frameworks. The mean follow‐up was 22 months (range: 18–24). Differences in the absolute change of bone resorption over time between the two implant sides (mesial and distal) were assessed performing a Mann–Whitney U‐test. The outcomes were statistically compared with those of patients rehabilitated following the same protocol but using metal frameworks (control group: 34 patients with 163 implants – data reported in Tealdo, Menini, Bevilacqua, Pera, Pesce, Signori, Pera, Int J Prosthodont, 27, 2014, 207). Ten implants failed in the control group (6·1%); none failed in the test group (P = 0·002). A statistically significant difference in the absolute change of bone resorption around the implants was found between the two groups (P = 0·004), with greater mean peri‐implant bone resorption in the control group (1 mm) compared to the test group (0·8 mm). Carbon fibre frameworks may be considered as a viable alternative to the metal ones and showed less marginal bone loss around implants and a greater implant survival rate during the observation period.
Midlittoral polychaete communities in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: new information from the implementation of the Natural Geography in Shore Areas (NaGISA) protocol and comparisons at local and regional scales
Authors: Chatzigeorgiou Georgios , Keklikoglou Kleoniki , Faulwetter Sarah , Badalamenti Fabio , Kitsos Miltiadis‐Spyridon , Arvanitidis Christos 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to attempt to fill current knowledge gaps on midlittoral Mediterranean biodiversity at local and regional scales, by using benthic polychaetes as a model taxon. Two different data sets were analysed: (i) a quantitative data set from the two Natural Geography in Shore Areas (NaGISA) study sites in Crete and (ii) a qualitative data set from multiple sites across the Mediterranean. At the local scale, the results provide evidence that (i) discrete species communities are formed in midlittoral Mediterranean habitats, which vary by geographical location and year, depending on the scale of observation; (ii) macrophyte coverage and Chl‐a are the only environmental variables associated, albeit weakly, with the above pattern; (iii) although naturally disturbed, the Cretan NaGISA sites do not seem to experience any anthropogenic stress; (iv) environmental heterogeneity and history seem to be much less important in shaping the polychaete communities than inter‐specific interactions; however, it is not possible to specify at this stage whether local or regional processes or even their interactions may shape the polychaete communities. At the regional scale, the results indicate that (i) the only factor that seems to be involved in the regional pattern is the identity of the study providing the data sets, which implies variability and bias in how research projects are carried out, from the sampling design through to data collection and analysis; (ii) the Cretan NaGISA sites may be considered as representative of the habitat in the Mediterranean, under certain conditions.
Phylogeny and phylogeography of the land hermit crab Coenobita purpureus (Decapoda: Anomura: Coenobitidae) in the Northwestern Pacific Region
Authors: Hamasaki Katsuyuki , Iizuka Chikako , Sanda Tetsuya , Imai Hideyuki , Kitada Shuichi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHermit crabs of the family Coenobitidae comprise the land hermit crabs, with 16 Coenobita species, and the coconut crab Birgus latro. They are terrestrial but spend their marine life as planktonic larvae. Some coenobitid crabs are widely distributed in the Indo‐West Pacific region, and some species occupy narrower ranges. To improve our knowledge of coenobitid crab speciation and geographical distribution patterns, we examined the phylogenetic relationship between Coenobita purpureus, which has a narrow distribution in the Northwestern Pacific, and its more widely distributed coenobitids including B. latro, Coenobita brevimanus, Coenobita cavipes, Coenobita perlatus, Coenobita rugosus and Coenobita violascens based on the mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rDNA genes. We also assessed the phylogeography of Co. purpureus populations based on the COI gene. Our phylogenetic and phylogeographical analyses revealed that (i) Co. purpureus clustered with Co. rugosus and (ii) the Co. purpureus population in the Ogasawara Islands was genetically distinct from those in other regions, which showed genetic panmixia. It has been hypothesized that Co. purpureus evolved in the isolated landmasses of the Ryukyu region during the Pliocene, and that its population expanded and colonized the Ogasawara Islands in the late Pleistocene. Further phylogeographical studies on Coenobita species with relatively narrow distributions coupled with characterization of their phylogenetic relationships with widely distributed congeners will advance our knowledge of the speciation and geographical distribution history of coenobitid crabs.
Temporal variability in predator presence around a fin fish farm in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Díaz López Bruno 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRecently, aquaculture has generated worldwide interest as a result of the overexploitation of wild stocks combined with a growing international demand for fish and seafood products. Wild fish attracted to the marine fish farms, together with the presence of the farmed fish, are powerful attractants to predators that normally feed on similar or identical fish stocks in nature. This 9‐year study describes for the first time in Mediterranean waters the temporal variability of mammalian and avian predators in a coastal fin fish farm. In all, 99 months (1062 days during 36 consecutive seasons) were spent in the field. By examining the results of this study, it is clear that species as seagulls, shags, bottlenose dolphins and grey herons (considered to cause economic loss in aquaculture owing to direct predation) interact regularly with the fish farm. Although bottlenose dolphins and grey herons were not the most important of all predator species, predatory interactions with the fish farm occurred with what seems to be increasing regularity. Another result observed is the possible bottlenose dolphins’ attraction caused by the harvesting operations in the fish farm. The fish farm offers an alternative food source for predators; hunting at fish farms usually requires less effort on the part of the predator, and becomes a more attractive option than hunting wild fish over wide ranges. During the period of this study, individually identified dolphins feeding were regularly observed feeding on discarded fish from fish farm workers during harvesting operations, supporting the possibility that some individuals are habituated to this food supply. Based on the evidence presented in this paper, it is recommended that strategies for the management of both the aquaculture industry and marine mammal populations should take the results of this study into consideration.