bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potato growth, nitrogen balance, quality, and productivity response to water-nitrogen regulation in a cold and arid environment
Authors: Su Dandan , Zhang Hengjia , Teng Anguo , Zhang Changlong , Lei Lian , Ba Yuchun , Zhou Chenli , Li Fuqiang , Chen Xietian , Wang Zeyi 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe pervasively imprudent practices of irrigation and nitrogen (N) application within Oasis Cool Irrigation zones have led to significant soil nitrogen loss and a marked decrease in water and nitrogen use efficiency.MethodsTo address this concern, a comprehensive field experiment was conducted from April to September in 2023 to investigate the impact of varying degrees of water and fertilization regulation strategies on pivotal parameters including potato yield, quality, nitrogen balance, and water-nitrogen use efficiency. The experimental design incorporated two water deficit degrees at potato seedling (W1, 55%-65% of Field Capacity (FC); W2, 45%-55% of FC), and four distinct nitrogen application gradients (N0, 0 kg ha-1 of N; N1, 130 kg ha-1 of N; N2, 185 kg ha-1 of N; N3, 240 kg ha-1 of N). A control was also included, comprising N0 nitrogen application and full irrigation (W0, 65%-75% of FC), totally eight treatments and one check.ResultsThe results indicated that the tuber yield, plant dry matter accumulation, plant height, plant stem, and leaf area index increased with higher nitrogen fertilizer application and irrigation volume. However, tuber starch content, vitamin C, and protein content initially increased and then decreased, while reducing sugar content consistently decreased. Except for W1N2 treatment, the irrigation water use efficiency increased as the N application rate rose, while the nitrogen partial factor productivity, crop nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrogen use efficiency decreased with an increase in N fertilizer application. The W1N2 treatment resulted in a higher yield (43.16 t ha-1), highest crop nitrogen use efficiency (0.95) and systematic nitrogen use efficiency (0.72),while maintaining moderate levels of soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen.ConclusionTherefore, through the construction of an integrated evaluation index (IEI), the W1N2 treatment of mild water deficit (55%-65% of FC) at potato seedling combined with the medium nitrogen application (185 kg ha-1 of N) has the highest IEI (0.978), it was recommended as the optimal water-nitrogen regulation and management strategies to facilitate high-yield, high-efficiency, and environmentally sustainable potato production in the cold and arid oasis areas of northwest China.
Geographical variation and genetic diversity of Parashorea chinensis germplasm resources
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Liu Shinan , Finnegan Patrick M. , Liu Fang , Ali Izhar , Zhang Haidong , Yang Mei 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionParashorea chinensis is a rare monodominant species in southwest China known for its production of high-quality timber, is facing decline due to its narrow distribution, human interference and habitat destruction. However, there are no reports on genetic diversity and geographical variation of phenotypic traits of P. chinensis.MethodsIn this study, phenotypic characters and genetic diversity of 15 germplasms resources from five provenances in southwest China were investigated, and their relationships with geographical and environmental factors was discussed.ResultsOur results revealed a rich phenotypic diversity among the germplasms, with variation coefficients ranging from 3.63% to 45.49%. Among the studied germplasms, NP03 from Napo and ML02 from Mengla region exhibited superior phenotypic traits. Notably, NP03 also demonstrated the highest genetic diversity. Genetic differentiation analyses including genetic differentiation coefficient (0.6264) and gene flow (0.3736) illustrated that genetic variation was most prevalent among populations. Furthermore, redundancy analysis showed that temperature related factors (maximum air temperature, annual mean temperature and minimum air temperature) significantly affected phenotypic variation. Similarly, altitude, longitude, latitude, annual mean precipitation and the minimum air temperature significantly impacted the level of genetic diversity. The molecular variation of the natural population of P. chinensis followed a certain geographical pattern.DiscussionOur finding indicated abundant phenotypic variation among P. chinensis germplasms. However, populations exhibited low levels of genetic diversity alongside high genetic differentiation, potentially contributing to the species' rarity. Based on our results, NP03 and ML02 germplasm could be used as the parents for breeding superior germplasm of P. chinensis. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into germplasm diversity and conservation, genetic improvement, and utilization of P. chinensis.
Characterization of morphological and chemical changes using atomic force microscopy and metabolism assays: the relationship between surface wax and skin greasiness in apple fruit
Authors: Yang Yanqing , Xie Xiucui , Huang Rong , Yan Kemeng , Wang Mengdi , Liu Wenjing , Zeng Xiangquan , Ren Xiaolin , Gong Hansheng 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionSkin greasiness occurred on stored apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) is generally believed to result from changes in surface wax components. Previous reports have typically correlated wax changes with greasiness scores to reveal the contributing wax components. A notable limitation of this approach is that greasiness scores are highly subjective and influenced by individual perception.MethodsThis study aimed to assess skin quality by quantitatively analyzing wax morphology changes in greasy ‘Jonagold’ apples using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) roughness parameters Ra, Rq, Rmax, and Rz, and to correlate these changes with wax composition.ResultsAFM results revealed that wax crystals disappeared as skin greasiness increased, accompanied by significant declines in roughness parameters Ra, Rq, Rmax, and Rz, which decreased by 70% to 85%. Chemical analysis showed a significant increase in liquid esters, including linoleate and oleate esters, in the surface waxes, which negatively correlated with the decline in roughness parameters. Key genes related to ester production, such as MdFAD2, MdWSD1, and MdWBC11, exhibited increased expression and were also negatively correlated with decreases in Rq, Ra and Rz. Additionally, 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment suppressed both the development of greasiness and the associated changes.DiscussionOur findings suggest that the increased liquid esters contribute to alternations in wax morphology in greasy apples, and that MdFAD2, MdWSD1, and MdWBC11, play crucial roles in ester biosynthesis. These results highlight the effectiveness of AFM roughness parameters Ra, Rq, Rmax, and Rz in quantifying wax morphology changes in apples during skin greasiness development.
How life circumstances during public health crises affect people to share and correct misinformation: a perspective of the third-person effect
Authors: Tian Xiang 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionMisinformation spreading on social media often parallels public crises, such as the outbreak of COVID-19, because people’s behaviors regarding misinformation may be influenced by their typical life circumstances. With the increasing severity of living conditions, misinformation is believed to spread more widely, while corrective behaviors tend to decrease. Furthermore, social comparison also affects the perception of life circumstances and subsequent behaviors. Taking Shanghai’s COVID-19 lockdown as an example, this study examined whether two representative factors—the duration of the lockdown and the satisfaction with relief measures—affected people’s tendency to share and correct misinformation. By employing the third-person effect (TPE) theory, the underlying mechanisms of social comparison were also explored.MethodsAn online survey was conducted in April 2022, when the Zero-COVID policy was implemented in Shanghai. In addition to questions about life circumstances, a third-person perception scale, a behaviors of sharing misinformation scale, and a behaviors of correcting misinformation scale were included in the survey. Finally, 7,962 valid responses were collected.ResultsIt was found that both behaviors—sharing and correcting misinformation—were affected by life circumstances but in different ways. The evidence also supported the existence of third-person perception (TPP). It was observed that the relationship between satisfaction with relief measures and sharing behavior was mediated by Third-Person Perception.ConclusionThis study reveals that the proliferation of misinformation during crises is related to the deterioration of people’s perception of life circumstances. Social comparison often plays a significant role, as was reflected by the TPE.
Associations between Sjogren syndrome and psychiatric disorders in European populations: a 2-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Pan Lingai , Zhou Guangpeng , Wei Guocui , Zhao Qian , Wang Yanping , Chen Qianlan , Xiao Qing , Song Yujie , Liang Xiangui , Zou Zhili , Li Xiuxia , Xiong Xuan 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundPsychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder (AD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SCZ), are disturbances in brain activity that lead to disorders of cognition, behavior, and emotion regulation. Among Sjogren syndrome (SS) patients, psychiatric disorders are more prevalent than in the general population. Identifying associated risk factors can provide new evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.MethodsWe selected genetic instruments based on published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to determine predisposition. Then, we conducted a 2-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the potential causal associations between SS and four major psychiatric disorders. The primary analysis was performed using MR with the inverse-variance weighted method. Confirmation was achieved through Steiger filtering and testing to determine the causal direction. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO, and “leave-one-out” method methods.ResultsOur study showed that SS was linked to BD and SCZ, indicating that individuals with SS may have a reduced risk of developing BD (IVW: OR = 0.940, P=0.014) and SCZ (IVW: OR = 0.854, P=1.47*10-4), while there was no causal relationship between SS and MDD or AD. MR−Egger regression shows no evidence of pleiotropy (BD: intercept = 0.007, p = 0.774; SCZ: intercept = 0.051, p = 0.209). The same as the MR-PRESSO analysis (BD: global test p = 1.000; SCZ: global test p = 0.160). However, the results from the leave-one-out analysis demonstrated instability. Specifically, after excluding SNP rs3117581, the effects on BD and SCZ were found to be non-significant, suggesting the potential influence of unrecognized confounding factors. The results of the reverse MR show that four major psychiatric disorders had no causal effects on SS.ConclusionsOur research findings demonstrate a causal relationship between SS and SCZ, as well as between SS and BD. There are no causal effects between the four major psychiatric disorders and SS. These findings suggest that SS may have the potential to reduce the risk of both psychiatric disorders. This study provides new insight for their prevention and treatment.
Training an infectious disease unit in palliative care during and post COVID-19: a qualitative longitudinal study
Authors: Alquati Sara , Artioli Giovanna , Martucci Gianfranco , Tanzi Silvia 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundTo understand palliative care needs and their changes perceived by health professionals (HPs) of the Infectious Diseases Unit who participated in palliative care (PC) intensive training during the pandemic and behind/during the pandemic and one year after the outbreak.MethodsA longitudinal qualitative study. Thematic analysis and meaning shift were two months after training to one year. This specific thematic approach enabled the researchers to fully understand the experiences of the HPs after they participated in the intensive PC training program during the pandemic. Participant validation meeting with the ward’s staff one year after the end of the course was performed. The two last validation meetings were used as a triangulation source to plan the new education projects.ResultsFrom March 9 to 28, 2020, the Palliative Care Services (PCS) developed intensive experiential training. Thirty-one HPs of the Infectious Diseases Unit (physicians and nurses) who were facing the COVID-19 emergency participated in the training. We conducted eight semi-structured interviews with HPs who participated in intensive training during the first wave of the pandemic (T0), two months (T1) after training and after one year (T2), during the second wave. Two validation meetings were performed as suggested by the best practices in medical education. Twenty-two infectious disease staff members participated, 8 physicians and 14 nurses. Our data show a meaning shift on five overarching themes (defined within the sub-themes): (1) Recognizing patients’ palliative care needs; (2) Responses to palliative care needs; (3) Increasing attention to intervention and care choices; (4) The suffering of health professionals; (5) Training evaluations and future expectations. At the end of Pandemic period, new training needs and acquisition have emerged. Palliative care needs changed over time: the COVID-19 themes are now far from their perception, and somehow the skills acquired during the intensive training are less present.ConclusionThe pandemic led to a rapid acquisition of competencies and changes in the professionals’ behaviors, maintenance of professionals’ knowledge and competencies at two months and one year. COVID has improved relationships and increased interactions with the infectious world but that it has not been enough. The integration between PC and Infectious world needs models of integration to implement.
Spatial characteristics of health outcomes and geographical detection of its influencing factors in Beijing
Authors: Cheng Jiu , Cui Yueying , Wang Xi , Wang Yifei , Feng Ruihua 
Published: October 2024

Background and objectiveSocial determinants of health (SDOH) broadly influence health levels. Research on health and its influencing factors can help improve health status. There is limited research on the spatial stratified heterogeneity of health status and the interactions between the factors influencing it. This study aimed to analyze the spatial characteristics of health outcomes in Beijing and identify its influencing factors.MethodsBased on the Healthy Beijing Initiative (2020–2030), we constructed health outcomes and five dimensions of the SDOH evaluation system. Our study measured the health outcomes and SDOH based on the latest data from 16 districts in Beijing in 2020–2022. We explored the spatial characteristics of health outcomes through descriptive and spatial autocorrelation analyses. Moreover, the Geographical Detector (GeoDetector) technique has been used to reveal the effect of SDOH and its interactions on health outcomes.ResultsA significant spatial stratified heterogeneity of health outcomes was observed, with the health outcomes mainly exhibiting two clustering types (high–high and low–low) with positive autocorrelation. The results of the geodetector showed that social and economic factors (q = 0.85), healthy lifestyle (q = 0.68) and health service (q = 0.53) could mainly explain the heterogeneity of health outcomes. Social and economic factors, healthy lifestyle and healthy environment gradually became the main influential factor in health outcomes over time. Furthermore, the interaction of any two factors on health outcomes was found to be more pronounced than the impact of a single factor.ConclusionThere existed obvious spatial stratified heterogeneity of health outcomes in Beijing, which could be primarily explained by social and economic factors, and healthy lifestyle and health service.
Developmental profile of Filipino children born during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic: pilot study
Authors: Dy Angel Belle C. , Edillon Michelle Alexandra , Malonzo Mikhaela Francesca Marietta A. , Garcia Glenda Darlene , Dy Alane Blythe C. , Espiritu Clarisse Joyce S. , Aquino Ma. Bianca Carmela , So Shannen Louise T. , Capulong Nina Linly D. , Dagal Rizza Victoria C. , Sumpaico Tanchanco Lourdes Bernadette 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThe Philippines experienced one of the longest restriction periods during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to provide a developmental profile of 18–25 month-old children and identify factors associated with their development during their early years being born and raised during the pandemic.MethodsThe study population was recruited through convenience sampling among families living in proximity to the daycare centers in Cainta, Rizal, Philippines. 116 children qualified to participate and underwent developmental screening using the Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) Checklist and their parents were interviewed related to demographic and social factors.ResultsThe mean score of the children’s Overall Development is 106.47 (SD = 13.43) indicating that children’s skills were within the expected range of 80–119. Girls had significantly higher mean scores compared to boys [MGirl = 111.23, SDGirl = 9.95 vs. MBoy = 101.18, SDBoy = 14.83 t(114) = −4.32 p &lt; 0.001]. Mean scores were highest among children whose mothers completed a high school education (MHigh School = 107.76, SDHighSchool = 12.47) compared to those who have some or have completed an elementary education (MSomeElem = 72.50, SDSomeElem = 6.36 and MElem = 103.58, SDElem = 13.86 respectively) [F(2, 113) = 8.18, p &lt; 0.001]. Unadjusted linear regression shows a modest increase in mean scores as the number of household members increased [ꞵ = 0.86, (CI: 0.02, 1.70), t-score (1, 113) = 2.03, p = 0.045].ConclusionThe developmental skills of 18–25 month-old children born and raised during the COVID-19 pandemic in an urban municipality in the Philippines are within average scores. Both hindering and protective demographic factors were identified as associated with the children’s developmental evaluation scores. It is important to acknowledge these factors and continue monitoring the children’s development and address needs among children who may need further support.
Exploring past research to move forward: a scoping review of aims, outcomes, and recommendations in parental mental illness qualitative research
Authors: Piché Geneviève , Davidson Gavin , Dunkley-Smith Addy , Grant Anne , Yates Scott , Maybery Darryl 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionAs parental mental illness is a global public health concern, rigorous qualitative research is central to understanding families' experiences, needs and outcomes to inform optimal service provision in adult mental health and children's social services.MethodsThe current review identified, appraised and synthesized international qualitative research exploring Families and Parent Mental Illness (FaPMI) research to determine the focus, findings and outcomes and to summarize the recommendations made about the direction of future research. Findings are classified according to outcomes for children, parents, and families.ResultsWhile some children experienced positive outcomes from a parent's illness, most faced impacts on their social-emotional wellbeing, school performance, increased caregiving responsibilities, strained parent relationships, and lack of understanding about parental mental illness. Some family members endured abuse and struggled to adapt to an ill parent's unpredictable needs, with reluctance to discuss the situation. Parents found parenting challenging yet viewed having children as a protective factor. Future research should gather diverse perspectives, explore within-family factors and social environments, develop and test interventions, and address methodological issues like sampling.DiscussionThis review highlights the centrality of qualitative data in comprehensively understanding and evaluating outcomes of parental mental illness on families and provides clear recommendations regarding future research.
The unique and synergistic effects of social isolation and loneliness on 20-years mortality risks in older men and women
Authors: Aartsen Marja , Vangen Hanna , Pavlidis George , Hansen Thomas , Precupetu Iuliana 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionThis study investigates the individual and combined impacts of loneliness and social isolation on 20-year mortality risks among older men and women.MethodsUtilizing data from the Norwegian Life Course, Ageing, and Generation study (NorLAG) carried out in 2002, 2007 and 2017, we assessed loneliness via direct and indirect questions, and social isolation through factors like partnership status and contact frequency with family and friends. Yearly information on mortality was derived from the national registries and was available until November 2022. Gender-stratified Cox regression models adjusted for age and other risk factors were employed.ResultsOf the 11,028 unique respondents, 9,952 participants were included in the study sample, 1,008 (19.8%) women and 1,295 (26.6%) men died. In the fully adjusted models including indirectly assessed loneliness, social isolation increased the 20-year mortality risk by 16% (HR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.09–1.24) for women and 15% (HR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.09–1.21) for men. This effect was primarily driven by the absence of a partner and little contact with children for both genders. Loneliness measured with indirect questions lost its significant association with mortality after adjusting for social isolation and other factors in both genders. However, for men, reporting loneliness via a direct question was associated with a higher mortality risk, even in the fully controlled models (HR = 1.20, 96% CI 1.06–1.36). Interactions between loneliness and social isolation were not, or only borderline significantly, associated with mortality risks in the fully controlled models.DiscussionSocial isolation, but not loneliness measured with indirect questions are associated with a 15–16% higher mortality risk in both men and women. However, loneliness assessed with a direct question is associated with increased mortality in men, even after controlling for social isolation and other relevant factors, which might suggest that men may deny loneliness, unless it is (very) severe. These findings emphasize the importance of methodological precision in the measurement of loneliness and social isolation.
The impact of bullying cognition on school bullying among Chinese primary school students: a moderated mediation model of resilience and sex
Authors: Fei Liping , Li Tianwen , Li Yongli , Liao Maoxu , Li Xin , Chen Yiting , Zhang Rong 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown the positive effects of bullying cognition on school bullying behavior among young people, but the mechanism underlying this association remains unclear.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study with 5,903 primary school students in grades 3–5 in Luzhou city. Hayes’ PROCESS macro was used to test the mediating effect of psychological resilience and the moderating effect of sex on the relationship between bullying cognition and school bullying after controlling for grade.ResultsPsychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between school bullying cognition and victimization (β = −0.0174, 95% CI: −0.0219 to −0.0132) and between perpetration (β = −0.0079, 95% CI: −0.0104 to −0.0055). This study revealed that sex moderated the relationship between school bullying cognition and perpetration (β = 0.0383, p &lt; 0.001) and victimization behavior (β = 0.0400, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThese findings suggest that it is crucial for education regulators, schools, and families to cultivate students’ school bullying cognitions and psychological resilience, which may help to decrease the prevalence of school bullying. Especially for boys, improving their bullying cognition may largely decrease its perpetration.