bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A table for determining the amounts &c., of continuous annuities certain
Authors: Makeham William Matthew 
Published: August 2016

The annexed Table contains the values of the function for all values of x differing by ·01, from 0 to 10·4.To find the value of the function for any intermediate value of x, enter the table with the value of x nearest to the given value, whether greater or less, and take out the quantities Δ and Δ′ opposite the interval to which the given value belongs.
Bright monomeric near-infrared fluorescent proteins as tags and biosensors for multiscale imaging
Authors: Shcherbakova Daria M. , Baloban Mikhail , Emelyanov Alexander V. , Brenowitz Michael , Guo Peng , Verkhusha Vladislav V. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMonomeric near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent proteins (FPs) are in high demand as protein tags and components of biosensors for deep-tissue imaging and multicolour microscopy. We report three bright and spectrally distinct monomeric NIR FPs, termed miRFPs, engineered from bacterial phytochrome, which can be used as easily as GFP-like FPs. miRFPs are 2–5-fold brighter in mammalian cells than other monomeric NIR FPs and perform well in protein fusions, allowing multicolour structured illumination microscopy. miRFPs enable development of several types of NIR biosensors, such as for protein–protein interactions, RNA detection, signalling cascades and cell fate. We demonstrate this by engineering the monomeric fluorescence complementation reporters, the IκBα reporter for NF-κB pathway and the cell cycle biosensor for detection of proliferation status of cells in culture and in animals. miRFPs allow non-invasive visualization and detection of biological processes at different scales, from super-resolution microscopy to in vivo imaging, using the same probes.
Circular non-coding RNA ANRIL modulates ribosomal RNA maturation and atherosclerosis in humans
Authors: Holdt Lesca M. , Stahringer Anika , Sass Kristina , Pichler Garwin , Kulak Nils A. , Wilfert Wolfgang , Kohlmaier Alexander , Herbst Andreas , Northoff Bernd H. , Nicolaou Alexandros , Gäbel Gabor , Beutner Frank , Scholz Markus , Thiery Joachim , Musunuru Kiran , Krohn Knut , Mann Matthias , Teupser Daniel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are broadly expressed in eukaryotic cells, but their molecular mechanism in human disease remains obscure. Here we show that circular antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (circANRIL), which is transcribed at a locus of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease on chromosome 9p21, confers atheroprotection by controlling ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation and modulating pathways of atherogenesis. CircANRIL binds to pescadillo homologue 1 (PES1), an essential 60S-preribosomal assembly factor, thereby impairing exonuclease-mediated pre-rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis in vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages. As a consequence, circANRIL induces nucleolar stress and p53 activation, resulting in the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation, which are key cell functions in atherosclerosis. Collectively, these findings identify circANRIL as a prototype of a circRNA regulating ribosome biogenesis and conferring atheroprotection, thereby showing that circularization of long non-coding RNAs may alter RNA function and protect from human disease.
Ultrafast formation of interlayer hot excitons in atomically thin MoS2/WS2 heterostructures
Authors: Chen Hailong , Wen Xiewen , Zhang Jing , Wu Tianmin , Gong Yongji , Zhang Xiang , Yuan Jiangtan , Yi Chongyue , Lou Jun , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Zhuang Wei , Zhang Guangyu , Zheng Junrong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractVan der Waals heterostructures composed of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides layers have recently emerged as a new family of materials, with great potential for atomically thin opto-electronic and photovoltaic applications. It is puzzling, however, that the photocurrent is yielded so efficiently in these structures, despite the apparent momentum mismatch between the intralayer/interlayer excitons during the charge transfer, as well as the tightly bound nature of the excitons in 2D geometry. Using the energy-state-resolved ultrafast visible/infrared microspectroscopy, we herein obtain unambiguous experimental evidence of the charge transfer intermediate state with excess energy, during the transition from an intralayer exciton to an interlayer exciton at the interface of a WS2/MoS2 heterostructure, and free carriers moving across the interface much faster than recombining into the intralayer excitons. The observations therefore explain how the remarkable charge transfer rate and photocurrent generation are achieved even with the aforementioned momentum mismatch and excitonic localization in 2D heterostructures and devices.
Desert Amplification in a Warming Climate
Authors: Zhou Liming 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHere I analyze the observed and projected surface temperature anomalies over land between 50°S-50°N for the period 1950–2099 by large-scale ecoregion and find strongest warming consistently and persistently seen over driest ecoregions such as the Sahara desert and the Arabian Peninsula during various 30-year periods, pointing to desert amplification in a warming climate. This amplification enhances linearly with the global mean greenhouse gases(GHGs) radiative forcing and is attributable primarily to a stronger GHGs-enhanced downward longwave radiation forcing reaching the surface over drier ecoregions as a consequence of a warmer and thus moister atmosphere in response to increasing GHGs. These results indicate that desert amplification may represent a fundamental pattern of global warming associated with water vapor feedbacks over land in low- and mid- latitudes where surface warming rates depend inversely on ecosystem dryness. It is likely that desert amplification might involve two types of water vapor feedbacks that maximize respectively in the tropical upper troposphere and near the surface over deserts, with both being very dry and thus extremely sensitive to changes of water vapor.
Effects of plant stanol or sterol-enriched diets on lipid profiles in patients treated with statins: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Han Shufen , Jiao Jun , Xu Jiaying , Zimmermann Diane , Actis-Goretta Lucas , Guan Lei , Zhao Youyou , Qin Liqiang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEfficacy and safety data from trials with suitable endpoints have shown that non-statin medication in combination with a statin is a potential strategy to further reduce cardiovascular events. We aimed to evaluate the overall effect of stanol- or sterol-enriched diets on serum lipid profiles in patients treated with statins by conducting a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We used the PubMed, Cochrane library and ClinicalTrials.gov databases to search for literature published up to December 2015. Trials were included in the analysis if they were RCTs evaluating the effect of plant stanols or sterols in patients under statin therapy that reported corresponding data on serum lipid profiles. We included 15 RCTs involving a total of 500 participants. Stanol- or sterol-enriched diets in combination with statins, compared with statins alone, produced significant reductions in total cholesterol of 0.30 mmol/L (95% CI −0.36 to −0.25) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of 0.30 mmol/L (95% CI −0.35 to −0.25), but not in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides. These results persisted in the subgroup analysis. Our meta-analysis provides further evidence that stanol- or sterol-enriched diets additionally lower total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in patients treated with statins beyond that achieved by statins alone.
A regulatory loop between miR-132 and miR-125b involved in gonadotrope cells desensitization to GnRH
Authors: Lannes Jérôme , L’hôte David , Fernandez-Vega Ambra , Garrel Ghislaine , Laverrière Jean-Noël , Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji  , Quérat Bruno 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe GnRH neurohormone is the main activator of the pituitary gonadotropins, LH and FSH. Here we investigated the contribution of microRNAs in mediating GnRH activation. We first established that miR-125b targets several actors of Gαq/11 signalling pathway, without altering Gαs pathway. We then showed that a Gαs-mediated, PKA-dependent phosphorylation of NSun2 methyltransferase leads to miR-125b methylation and thereby induces its down-regulation. We demonstrated that NSun2 mRNA is a target of miR-132 and that NSun2 may be inactivated by the PP1α phosphatase. Time-course analysis of GnRH treatment revealed an initial NSun2-dependent down-regulation of miR-125b with consecutive up-regulation of LH and FSH expression. Increase of miR-132 and of the catalytic subunit of PP1α then contributed to NSun2 inactivation and to the return of miR-125b to its steady-state level. The Gαq/11-dependent pathway was thus again silenced, provoking the down-regulation of LH, FSH and miR-132. Overall, this study reveals that a regulatory loop that tends to maintain or restore high and low levels of miR-125b and miR-132, respectively, is responsible for gonadotrope cells desensitization to sustained GnRH. A dysregulation of this loop might be responsible for the inverted dynamics of these two miRNAs reported in several neuronal and non-neuronal pathologies.
Comprehensive Assessment of the Association between FCGRs polymorphisms and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhu Xiao-Wei , Wang Yong , Wei Yi-Hua , Zhao Pian-Pian , Wang Xiao-Bo , Rong Jing-Jing , Zhong Wen-Ying , Zhang Xing-Wei , Wang Li , Zheng Hou-Feng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe performed a meta analysis to assess the relationship of FCGRs polymorphisms with the risk of SLE. Thirty-five articles (including up to 5741 cases and 6530 controls) were recruited for meta-analysis. The strongest association was observed between FCGR2B rs1050501 and SLE under the recessive genotypic model of C allele in the overall population (CC vs CT/TT, OR = 1.754, 95%CI: 1.422–2.165, P = 1.61 × 10−7) and in Asian population (CC vs CT/TT, OR = 1.784, 95%CI; 1.408–2.261, P = 1.67 × 10−6). We also found that FCGR3A rs396991 were significant association with the susceptibility to SLE in overall population in recessive model of T allele (TT vs TG/GG, OR = 1.263, 95%CI: 1.123–1.421, P = 9.62 × 10−5). The results also showed that significant association between FCGR2A rs1801274 and SLE under the allelic model in the overall population (OR = 0.879 per A allele, 95%CI: 0.819–0.943, P = 3.31 × 10−4). The meta-analysis indicated that FCGR3B copy number polymorphism NA1·NA2 was modestly associated with SLE in overall population (OR = 0.851 per NA1, 95%CI: 0.772–0.938, P = 1.2 × 10−3). We concluded that FCGR2B rs1050501 C allele and FCGR3A rs396991 T allele might contribute to susceptibility and development of SLE, and were under recessive association model. While, FCGR2A rs1801274 A allele and FCGR3B NA1 were associated with SLE and reduced the risk of SLE.
Passive Transfer of A Germline-like Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody Protects Transgenic Mice Against Lethal Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Agrawal Anurodh Shankar , Ying Tianlei , Tao Xinrong , Garron Tania , Algaissi Abdullah , Wang Yanping , Wang Lili , Peng Bi-Hung , Jiang Shibo , Dimitrov Dimiter S. , Tseng Chien-Te K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMiddle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has repeatedly caused outbreaks in the Arabian Peninsula. To date, no approved medical countermeasures (MCM) are available to combat MERS-CoV infections. Several neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including m336, a germline-like human mAb, have been chosen as promising MCM for MERS-CoV. However, their clinical development has been hindered by the lack of a robust animal model that recapitulate the morbidity and mortality of human infections. We assessed the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of m336 by using well-characterized transgenic mice shown to be highly sensitive to MERS-CoV infection and disease. We found that mice treated with m336 prior to or post lethal MERS-CoV challenging were fully protected, compared to control mice which sufferered from profound weight loss and uniform death within days after infection. Taken together, these results support further development of m336 and other human monoclonal antibodies as potential therapeutics for MERS-CoV infection.
Paternal chronic colitis causes epigenetic inheritance of susceptibility to colitis
Authors: Tschurtschenthaler Markus , Kachroo Priyadarshini , Heinsen Femke-Anouska , Adolph Timon Erik , Rühlemann Malte Christoph , Klughammer Johanna , Offner Felix Albert , Ammerpohl Ole , Krueger Felix , Smallwood Sébastien , Szymczak Silke , Kaser Arthur , Franke Andre 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) arises by unknown environmental triggers in genetically susceptible individuals. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression may integrate internal and external influences and may thereby modulate disease susceptibility. Epigenetic modification may also affect the germ-line and in certain contexts can be inherited to offspring. This study investigates epigenetic alterations consequent to experimental murine colitis induced by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS), and their paternal transmission to offspring. Genome-wide methylome- and transcriptome-profiling of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and sperm cells of males of the F0 generation, which received either DSS and consequently developed colitis (F0DSS), or non-supplemented tap water (F0Ctrl) and hence remained healthy, and of their F1 offspring was performed using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq), respectively. Offspring of F0DSS males exhibited aberrant methylation and expression patterns of multiple genes, including Igf1r and Nr4a2, which are involved in energy metabolism. Importantly, DSS colitis in F0DSS mice was associated with decreased body weight at baseline of their F1 offspring, and these F1 mice exhibited increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis compared to offspring from F0Ctrl males. This study hence demonstrates epigenetic transmissibility of metabolic and inflammatory traits resulting from experimental colitis.
Function of high-mobility group A proteins in the DNA damage signaling for the induction of apoptosis
Authors: Fujikane Ryosuke , Komori Kayoko , Sekiguchi Mutsuo , Hidaka Masumi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractO6-Methylguanine produced in DNA can pair with thymine during DNA replication, thus leading to a G-to-A transition mutation. To prevent such outcomes, cells harboring O6-methylguanine-containing mispair undergo apoptosis that requires the function of mismatch repair (MMR) protein complex. To identify the genes involved in the induction of apoptosis, we performed gene-trap mutagenesis and isolated a clone of mouse cells exhibiting an increased resistance to the killing effect of an alkylating agent, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). The mutant carries an insertion in the Hmga2 gene, which belongs to a gene family encoding the high-mobility group A non-histone chromatin proteins. To elucidate the function of HMGA proteins in the apoptosis pathway, we introduced siRNAs for HMGA1 and/or HMGA2 into human HeLa MR cells defective in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. HMGA1- and HMGA2-single knockdown cells showed an increased resistance to MNU, and HMGA1/HMGA2-double knockdown cells exhibited further increased tolerance compared to the control. The phosphorylation of ATR and CHK1, the appearance of a sub-G1 population, and caspase-9 activation were suppressed in the knockdown cells, although the formation of mismatch recognition complex was unaffected. These results suggest that HMGA family proteins function at the step following the damage recognition in the process of apoptosis triggered by O6-methylguanine.
A new avenue for obtaining insight into the functional characteristics of long noncoding RNAs associated with estrogen receptor signaling
Authors: Wu Liangcai , Xu Qianqian , Zhang Haohai , Li Ming , Zhu Chengpei , Jiang Minjie , Sang Xinting , Zhao Yi , Sun Qiang , Zhao Haitao 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEstrogen receptor signalling plays important regulatory roles in multiple mammalian physiological processes. Dysregulation of estrogen receptor (ER) expression and/or its associated signalling pathway is strongly associated with the development, progression, transition and endocrine-resistance of breast cancer. Non-coding transcripts are essential regulators of almost every level of gene regulation. However, few long non-coding transcripts (lncRNAs) associated with the estrogen receptor signalling pathway have been well-described. We used array-based methods to identify 33 estrogen receptor agitation-related (ERAR) lncRNAs. A coding–non-coding gene co-expression network analysis suggested that 15 ERAR lncRNAs were associated with mitosis, DNA damage and DNA repair. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that five ERAR lncRNAs selected using the Random Forest-Recursive Feature Elimination algorithm were significantly correlated with endocrine resistance-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival as well as disease free survival. Our results suggest that ERAR lncRNAs may serve as novel biomarkers for guiding breast cancer treatment and prognosis. Furthermore, our findings reveal a new avenue by which estrogen receptor signalling can be further explored.
Efficacy of Electrical Stimulators for Bone Healing: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Sham-Controlled Trials
Authors: Aleem Ilyas S. , Aleem Idris , Evaniew Nathan , Busse Jason W. , Yaszemski Michael , Agarwal Arnav , Einhorn Thomas , Bhandari Mohit 
Published: August 2016

AbstractElectrical stimulation is a common adjunct used to promote bone healing; its efficacy, however, remains uncertain. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized sham-controlled trials to establish the efficacy of electrical stimulation for bone healing. We identified all trials randomizing patients to electrical or sham stimulation for bone healing. Outcomes were pain relief, functional improvement, and radiographic nonunion. Two reviewers assessed eligibility and risk of bias, performed data extraction, and rated the quality of the evidence. Fifteen trials met our inclusion criteria. Moderate quality evidence from 4 trials found that stimulation produced a significant improvement in pain (mean difference (MD) on 100-millimeter visual analogue scale = −7.7 mm; 95% CI −13.92 to −1.43; p = 0.02). Two trials found no difference in functional outcome (MD = −0.88; 95% CI −6.63 to 4.87; p = 0.76). Moderate quality evidence from 15 trials found that stimulation reduced radiographic nonunion rates by 35% (95% CI 19% to 47%; number needed to treat = 7; p < 0.01). Patients treated with electrical stimulation as an adjunct for bone healing have less pain and are at reduced risk for radiographic nonunion; functional outcome data are limited and requires increased focus in future trials.
Head movement, an important contributor to human cerebrospinal fluid circulation
Authors: Xu Qiang , Yu Sheng-Bo , Zheng Nan , Yuan Xiao-Ying , Chi Yan-Yan , Liu Cong , Wang Xue-Mei , Lin Xiang-Tao , Sui Hong-Jin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe suboccipital muscles are connected to the upper cervical spinal dura mater via the myodural bridges (MDBs). Recently, it was suggested that they might work as a pump to provide power for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the suboccipital muscles contractions on the CSF flow. Forty healthy adult volunteers were subjected to cine phase-contrast MR imaging. Each volunteer was scanned twice, once before and once after one-minute-head-rotation period. CSF flow waveform parameters at craniocervical junction were analyzed. The results showed that, after the head rotations, the maximum and average CSF flow rates during ventricular diastole were significantly increased and the CSF stroke volumes during diastole and during entire cardiac cycle were significantly increased. This suggested that the CSF flow was significantly promoted by head movements. Among the muscles related with head movements, only three suboccipital muscles are connected to the upper cervical spinal dura mater via MDBs. It was believed that MDBs might transform powers of the muscles to CSF. The present results suggested that the head movements served as an important contributor to CSF dynamics and the MDBs might be involved in this mechanism.
Evaluation of Substrate Properties for Settlement of Caribbean Staghorn Coral Acropora cervicornis Larvae in a Land-Based System
Authors: Patterson Joshua T , Flint Mark , Than John , Watson Craig A 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Stony coral culture has recently been the focus of increasing interest and effort, with most production taking place by asexual reproduction through fragmentation. In corals grown for reef restoration, techniques for sexual propagation offer the potential to increase genetic diversity of species for which this is a concern. After decades of population decline, the Caribbean staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis was listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 2006, along with its congener, elkhorn coral A. palmata. We used practical large-scale, land-based culture conditions with aquaria set up in a choice/no-choice design to test three substrate properties for their influence on settlement and metamorphosis in staghorn coral planula larvae. This transitional life stage is critical for sexual reproduction and currently represents a culture bottleneck. A total of 999 live primary polyps were produced across all experimental substrates. Planula larvae showed significant preference for substrates that were biologically conditioned, top oriented, and rugose. Conditioning was essentially prerequisite for settlement and metamorphosis, with orientation and texture also affecting larval settling. Although the ideal combination of substrate properties produced lower settling and metamorphosis rates than those observed in smaller-scale culture experiments with elkhorn coral, results are informative in the development of reliable aquaculture techniques for sexual propagation of Caribbean Acropora in land-based systems.
CSAM: Compressed SAM format
Authors: Cánovas Rodrigo , Moffat Alistair , Turpin Andrew 
Published: August 2016

Motivation: Next generation sequencing machines produce vast amounts of genomic data. For the data to be useful, it is essential that it can be stored and manipulated efficiently. This work responds to the combined challenge of compressing genomic data, while providing fast access to regions of interest, without necessitating decompression of whole files.
Results: We describe CSAM (Compressed SAM format), a compression approach offering lossless and lossy compression for SAM files. The structures and techniques proposed are suitable for representing SAM files, as well as supporting fast access to the compressed information. They generate more compact lossless representations than BAM, which is currently the preferred lossless compressed SAM-equivalent format; and are self-contained, that is, they do not depend on any external resources to compress or decompress SAM files.
Availability and Implementation: An implementation is available at https://github.com/rcanovas/libCSAM.
Contact: canovas-ba@lirmm.fr
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data is available at Bioinformatics online.