bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological and Physiological Markers of Stress in Concussed Athletes Across Recovery Milestones
Authors: Hutchison Michael G. , Mainwaring Lynda , Senthinathan Arrani , Churchill Nathan , Thomas Scott , Richards Doug 
Published: September 2016

Background:Sport-related concussions are associated with a range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral disturbances that are highly variable across individuals. Much remains unknown about the effects of sport concussion, and changes in markers of psychological and physiological stress over the recovery timeline.Objective:To examine psychological (mood, stress, sleep quality, and symptoms) and physiological (heart rate variability and salivary cortisol) measures in concussed athletes over clinical recovery milestones.Setting:University athletic program, sport medicine clinic, Canada.Participants:A sample of 52 interuniversity athletes (32 male and 20 female), 26 with concussion and 26 healthy controls.Design:Case-control repeated measures study at 3 time points of the clinical recovery process. Measures were administered to a matched control sample of uninjured athletes as well.Main Measures:Physiological measures were heart rate variability and salivary cortisol; psychological measures were mood, perceived stress, and quality of sleep.Results:Psychological measures were significantly worse for concussed athletes relative to controls at the symptomatic phase (acute injury), but significantly better at return-to-play (RTP). Multivariate analysis of heart rate variability identified main effects of sex and concussion, with reduced high-frequency heart rate variability for females and concussed athletes extending into the post-RTP phase. An interaction effect was also observed, showing the cardiac response of female athletes was more sensitive to concussion compared with males. Conversely, male athletes showed greater suppression of low-frequency heart rate variability associated with mood disturbances.Conclusion:This integrated study of psychological and physiological markers in concussed athletes confirmed the resolution of mood disturbances, symptoms, and sleep quality by RTP, but identified autonomic nervous system disturbances, as measured by depressed heart rate variability beyond RTP.
Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Mood in People With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study
Authors: Weinstein Ali A. , Chin Lisa M. K. , Collins John , Goel Divya , Keyser Randall E. , Chan Leighton 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Exercise training is associated with elevations in mood in patients with various chronic illnesses and disabilities. However, little is known regarding the effect of exercise training on short and long-term mood changes in those with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to examine the time course of mood alterations in response to a vigorous, 12-week aerobic exercise training regimen in ambulatory individuals with chronic TBI (>6 months postinjury).

Methods:
Short and long-term mood changes were measured using the Profile of Mood States-Short Form, before and after specific aerobic exercise bouts performed during the 12-week training regimen.

Results:
Ten subjects with nonpenetrating TBI (6.6 ± 6.8 years after injury) completed the training regimen. A significant improvement in overall mood was observed following 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training (P = .04), with moderate to large effect sizes observed for short-term mood improvements following individual bouts of exercise.

Conclusions:
Specific improvements in long-term mood state and short-term mood responses following individual exercise sessions were observed in these individuals with TBI. The largest improvement in overall mood was observed at 12 weeks of exercise training, with improvements emerging as early as 4 weeks into the training regimen.
Ascending Aortic Endoballoon Occlusion Feasible despite Moderately Enlarged Aorta to Facilitate Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Breves Sarah L. , Hong Inki , McCarthy James , Kashem Mohammed , Moser G. William , Kelley Thomas M. , Mills Erin E. , Wheatley Grayson H. , Guy T. Sloane 
Published: September 2016

Objective Aortic occlusion with an endoballoon is a well-established technique to facilitate robotic and minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. Use of the endoballoon has several relative contraindications including ascending aortic dilatation greater than 38 mm in size. We sought to review our experience using the endoballoon in cases of totally endoscopic mitral valve surgery with aortic diameters greater than 38 mm. Methods A retrospective review of our single-site database was conducted to identify patients undergoing totally endoscopic mitral valve surgery by a single surgeon using an endoballoon and who had ascending aortic dilation. We defined aortic dilation as greater than 38 mm. Computed tomography was done preoperatively on all patients to evaluate the aortic anatomy as well as iliofemoral access vessels. Femoral artery cannulation was done in a standardized fashion to advance and position the endoballoon, to occlude the ascending aorta, and to deliver cardioplegia. Results From October 2011 through June 2015,196 patients underwent totally endoscopic mitral valve surgery using an endoballoon at our institution. Twenty-two patients (11.2%) had ascending aortic diameters greater than 38 mm (range, 38.1–16.6 mm; mean, 40.5 ± 2.5 mm). In these cases, there were no instances of aortic dissection or other injury due to balloon rupture, balloon migration, device movement leading to loss of occlusion, or inability to complete planned surgery due to occlusion failure. Conclusions Our experience suggests that it is possible to successfully use endoaortic balloon occlusion in patients with ascending aortic dilation with proper preoperative imaging and planning.
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)
Authors: Bell Susan 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension has been recognized in the literature for over 100 years. It is a disease of elevated intracranial pressure without evidence of a space-occupying lesion found most often in obese women of childbearing age. The signs and symptoms have been well described; however, the etiology is yet unknown. Medical and surgical treatment is aimed at the preservation of vision and improvement in symptoms. The medical literature is replete with articles addressing the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical and imaging features, and treatment. There are limited nursing reports (Lehman, 2003; McDonald, 1984; Revta, 1977). The objective of this manuscript is to provide an overview for the neuroscience nurse of the clinical features, diagnostic work-up, and therapeutic options available for patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
Implementation of Intranasal Midazolam for Prolonged Seizures in a Child Neurology Practice
Authors: Crawford Daniel 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTCurrently, evidence supports the use of intranasal midazolam as an effective, and in many cases, preferable treatment option for prolonged seizures in children. Despite this knowledge, intranasal midazolam is not routinely found as a standard of care. The goal of this project was to implement the use of intranasal midazolam as a rescue medication for prolonged seizures within a child neurology practice and, in doing so, create a model for implementation that would be replicable for other practice sites. This project focused on the development of a process to make intranasal midazolam available as a treatment option and then the creation of an educational intervention for providers within a child neurology practice. Provider surveys analyzed provider attitudes toward intranasal midazolam and its frequency of use. Because of this project, a dramatic increase in the prescribing of intranasal midazolam was observed within a child neurology practice.
Implementation of a Stroke Competency Program to Improve Nurses’ Knowledge of and Adherence to Stroke Guidelines
Authors: Reynolds Staci Sue , Murray Laura L. , McLennon Susan M. , Bakas Tamilyn 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Background: Nurses play an integral part in providing evidence-based care to patients with stroke, yet some patients receive unnecessary or even harmful care. The literature supports the use of multifaceted strategies to promote implementation of evidence-based practice; however, there is a gap in knowing which combinations of strategies are most successful. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if a tailored, multifaceted Stroke Competency Program would improve nurses’ knowledge of and adherence to evidence-based practices in the care of patients with stroke. This program bundled implementation strategies of local opinion leaders, printed educational materials, and educational outreach. Methods: This study used a pretest/posttest program design. Nursing adherence was measured via documentation audits with knowledge measured by an author-developed assessment. Findings: Most participating nurses had approximately 10 years of nursing experience and were baccalaureate prepared; participation ranged from 32% to 58% (n = 88). Overall, an improvement in nursing adherence was noted after the program as well as significant improvements in nursing knowledge. Conclusion: Although the Stroke Competency Program improved nursing knowledge of and adherence to stroke guidelines, future research should seek to extend these findings to identify which bundle of strategies are most effective for implementing evidence into nursing practice using psychometrically sound outcome measures.
Ethical issues in pediatric genetic testing and screening
Authors: Botkin Jeffrey R. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
Developments in genetic test technologies enable a detailed analysis of the genomes of individuals across the range of human development from embryos to adults with increased precision and lower cost. These powerful technologies raise a number of ethical issues in pediatrics, primarily because of the frequent lack of clinical utility of genetic information, the generation of secondary results and questions over the proper scope of parental authority for testing.

Recent findings
Several professional organizations in the fields of genetics and pediatrics have published new guidance on the ethical, legal, and policy issues relevant to genetic testing in children. The roles of predictive testing for adult-onset conditions, the management of secondary findings and the role of informed consent for newborn screening remain controversial. However, research and experience are not demonstrating serious adverse psychosocial impacts from genetic testing and screening in children. The use of these technologies is expanding with the notion that the personal utility of test results, rather than clinical utility, may be sufficient to justify testing.

Summary
The use of microarray and genome sequencing technologies is expanding in the care of children. More deference to parental decision-making is evolving in contexts wherein information and counseling can be made readily available.
Self-awareness of “Gum Disease” Among US Adults
Authors: Luo Huabin , Wu Bei 
Published: September 2016

Background:
To assess the extent of self-awareness of gum disease among adults in the United States.

Methods:
Data were from the 2009-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The outcome variable is self-awareness of gum disease. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between self-awareness and clinically diagnosed periodontitis. The analytical sample included 6876 participants.

Results:
Among those participants (30 years or older) who were classified as having periodontitis, 27% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.4-29.8) were self-aware of the disease (positive predicted value = 25%). Of those who self-reported having gum disease, 14.1% had a diagnosis of periodontitis (sensitivity = 75%). Older adults were less likely to be aware of gum disease (P < .05). Non-Hispanic blacks (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53-0.85) were less likely to be aware of the disease than non-Hispanic whites. Adults with diabetes (AOR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.25-2.06), or with lung disease (AOR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.25-2.08), or current smokers (AOR = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.29-2.31) were more likely to be aware of the disease.

Conclusion:
The study showed that self-awareness of gum disease among adults was low. Our study findings suggest that there is a great need to improve oral health knowledge and awareness among the adult population in the United States.
Treatment of hepatitis E virus
Authors: Dalton Harry R. , Kamar Nassim 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
Over the last 10 years, it has become apparent that hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a pathogen of global significance. In contrast to HEV in the developing world, HEV in developed countries is caused by HEV genotypes 3 and 4, which are enzoonotic with a porcine primary host and cause both acute and chronic infection. Chronic infection occurs in the immunosuppressed, including transplant recipients, and untreated can cause rapidly progressive cirrhosis.

Recent findings
Ribavirin has been used successfully to treat acute hepatitis E in high-risk patients. Ribavirin monotherapy is the treatment of choice for patients chronically infected with HEV, with sustained virological response (SVR) of approximately 85%. A minority of chronically infected patients fail to achieve SVR with ribavirin monotherapy, possibly because of viral mutants. The treatment of patients who fail to achieve SVR with ribavirin monotherapy is problematic.

Summary
Ribavirin is an effective treatment for hepatitis E, but further studies are required to determine which other antiviral agents are of clinical utility in treating HEV in the minority of patients who do not respond to ribavirin.
Genome-wide binding of posterior HOXA/D transcription factors reveals subgrouping and association with CTCF
Authors: Jerković Ivana , Ibrahim Daniel M. , Andrey Guillaume , Haas Stefan , Hansen Peter , Janetzki Catrin , Navarrete Irene González , Robinson Peter N. , Hecht Jochen , Mundlos Stefan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHomeotic genes code for key transcription factors (HOX-TFs) that pattern the animal body plan. During embryonic development, Hox genes are expressed in overlapping patterns and function in a partially redundant manner.In vitrobiochemical screens probing the HOX-TF sequence specificity revealed largely overlapping sequence preferences, indicating that co-factors might modulate the biological function of HOX-TFs. However, due to their overlapping expression pattern, high protein homology, and insufficiently specific antibodies, little is known about their genome-wide binding preferences. In order to overcome this problem, we virally expressed tagged versions of limb-expressed posterior Hox genes (Hoxa9-13, andHoxd9-13) in primary mesenchymal limb progenitor cells (micromass). We determined the effect of each HOX-TF on cellular differentiation (chondrogenesis) and gene expression and found that groups of HOX-TFs induce distinct regulatory programs. We used ChIP-seq to determine their individual genome-wide binding profiles and identified between 12,540 and 27,466 binding sites for each of the nine HOX-TFs. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of binding profiles revealed that the HOX-TFs are clustered in two subgroups (Group 1: HOXA/D9, HOXA/D10, HOXD12, and HOXA13 and Group 2: HOXA/D11 and HOXD13), which are characterized by differences in their sequence specificity and by the presence of cofactor motifs. Specifically, we identified CTCF binding sites in Group 1, indicating that this subgroup of HOX-proteins cooperates with CTcf. We confirmed this interaction by an independent biological assay (proximity ligation assay) and showed that CTCF is a novel HOX cofactor that specifically associates with Group 1 HOX-TFs, pointing towards a possible interplay between HOX-TFs and chromatin architecture.
Integrative classification of human coding and non-coding genes based on RNA metabolism profiles
Authors: Mukherjee Neelanjan , Calviello Lorenzo , Hirsekorn Antje , de Pretis Stefano , Pelizzola Mattia , Ohler Uwe 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe pervasive transcription of the human genome results in a heterogeneous mix of coding and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Only a small fraction of lncRNAs possess demonstrated regulatory functions, making it difficult to distinguish functional lncRNAs from non-functional transcriptional byproducts. This has resulted in numerous competing classifications of human lncRNA that are complicated by a steady increase in the number of annotated lncRNAs.To address these challenges, we quantitatively examined transcription, splicing, degradation, localization and translation for coding and non-coding human genes. Annotated lncRNAs had lower synthesis and higher degradation rates than mRNAs, and we discovered mechanistic differences explaining the slower splicing of lncRNAs. We grouped genes into classes with similar RNA metabolism profiles. These classes contained both mRNAs and lncRNAs to varying degrees; they exhibited distinct relationships between steps of RNA metabolism, evolutionary patterns, and sensitivity to cellular RNA regulatory pathways. Our classification provides a behaviorally-coherent alternative to genomic context-driven annotations of lncRNAs.HighlightsHigh-resolution 4SU pulse labeling of RNA allows for quantifying synthesis, processing and decay rates across thousands of coding and non-coding transcripts.Synthesis and processing rates of lncRNAs are lower than mRNAs, while degradation rates were substantially higherDifferences in the splicing efficiency between slow/lncRNA and fast/mRNA introns are explained by GC-content, splicing regulatory elements and unphosphorylated RNA poll II.A new annotation-agnostic classification of RNAs reveals seven clusters of lncRNAs and mRNAs with unique metabolism patterns that provides behaviorally coherent subsets of lncRNAs.Classes are distinguished by evolutionary patterns and sensitivity to cellular RNA regulatory pathways.
Predicting the impact of non-coding variants on DNA methylation
Authors: Zeng Haoyang , Gifford David K. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDNA methylation plays a crucial role in the establishment of tissue-specific gene expression and the regulation of key biological processes. However, our present inability to predict the effect of genome sequence variation on DNA methylation precludes a comprehensive assessment of the consequences of non-coding variation. We introduce CpGenie, a sequence-based framework that learns a regulatory code of DNA methylation using a deep convolutional neural network and uses this network to predict the impact of sequence variation on proximal CpG site DNA methylation. CpGenie produces allele-specific DNA methylation prediction with single-nucleotide sensitivity that enables accurate prediction of methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL). We demonstrate that CpGenie prioritizes validated GWAS SNPs, and contributes to the prediction of functional non-coding variants, including expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and disease-associated mutations. CpGenie is publicly available to assist in identifying and interpreting regulatory non-coding variants.
SVScore: An Impact Prediction Tool For Structural Variation
Authors: Ganel Liron , Abel Haley J. , Hall Ira M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMotivationStructural variation (SV) is an important and diverse source of human genome variation. Over the past several years, much progress has been made in the area of SV detection, but predicting the functional impact of SVs discovered in whole genome sequencing (WGS) studies remains extremely challenging. Accurate SV impact prediction is especially important for WGS-based rare variant association studies and studies of rare disease.ResultsHere we present SVScore, a computational tool forin silicoSV impact prediction. SVScore aggregates existing per-base single nucleotide polymorphism pathogenicity scores across relevant genomic intervals for each SV in a manner that considers variant type, gene features, and uncertainty in breakpoint location. We show that in a Finnish cohort, the allele frequency spectrum of SVs with high impact scores is strongly skewed toward lower frequencies, suggesting that these variants are under purifying selection. We further show that SVScore identifies deleterious variants more effectively than naïve alternative methods. Finally, our results indicate that high-scoring tandem duplications may be under surprisingly strong selection relative to high-scoring deletions, suggesting that duplications may be more deleterious than previously thought. In conclusion, SVScore provides pathogenicity prediction for SVs that is both informative and meaningful for understanding their functional role in disease.AvailabilitySVScore is implemented in Perl and available freely at {{http://www.github.com/lganel/SVScore}} for use under the MIT license.Contactihall@wustl.eduSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available atBioinformaticsonline.
Grana-Localized Proteins, RIQ1 and RIQ2, Affect the Organization of Light-Harvesting Complex II and Grana Stacking in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yokoyama Ryo , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Kondo Maki , Takeda Satomi , Ifuku Kentaro , Fukao Yoichiro , Kamei Yasuhiro , Nishimura Mikio , Shikanai Toshiharu 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Grana are stacked thylakoid membrane structures in land plants that contain PSII and light-harvesting complex II proteins (LHCIIs). We isolated two Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, reduced induction of non-photochemical quenching1 (riq1) and riq2, in which stacking of grana was enhanced. The curvature thylakoid 1a (curt1a) mutant was previously shown to lack grana structure. In riq1 curt1a, the grana were enlarged with more stacking, and in riq2 curt1a, the thylakoids were abnormally stacked and aggregated. Despite having different phenotypes in thylakoid structure, riq1, riq2, and curt1a showed a similar defect in the level of nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ). In riq curt1a double mutants, NPQ induction was more severely affected than in either single mutant. In riq mutants, state transitions were inhibited and the PSII antennae were smaller than in wild-type plants. The riq defects did not affect NPQ induction in the chlorophyll b-less mutant. RIQ1 and RIQ2 are paralogous and encode uncharacterized grana thylakoid proteins, but despite the high level of identity of the sequence, the functions of RIQ1 and RIQ2 were not redundant. RIQ1 is required for RIQ2 accumulation, and the wild-type level of RIQ2 did not complement the NPQ and thylakoid phenotypes in riq1. We propose that RIQ proteins link the grana structure and organization of LHCIIs.