bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and neonatal factors’ effects on wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell yield
Authors: Mahmoud Ranim , Bassiouny Mohamed , Badawy Ahmed , Darwish Ahmad , Yahia Sohier , El-Tantawy Nora 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are easily accessible, easy to isolate, and ethically acceptable, they represent a promising source of MSCs for use in regenerative medicine. Considering decisions on WJ-MSCs collection requires extensive knowledge of the factors that impact their yield. This study's aim was to evaluate the influence of parameters related to mothers and newborns on the WJ-MSCs yield. The WJ-MSCs were isolated and expanded after being isolated from 79 umbilical cord (UC) samples. Population doubling time and cell proliferation were assessed. By flow cytometry analysis, WJ-MSCs were identified by positivity of CD105, CD90, and CD73 and negativity of CD45 and CD34. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between UC width and P1 doubling time. Maternal age and WJ-MSC yield were shown to be negatively correlated. Birth weight and gestational age showed a significant positive correlation between WJ-MSCs yield and neonatal variables. No significant correlations were detected between the WJ-MSCs and the mother parity, nor the neonatal sex, fetal presentation, or head circumference. The WJ-MSCs yield increases with younger maternal age, higher gestational age, and increased neonatal birth weight. Hence, consideration should be given to these factors when selecting the ideal donors.
Study on the mechanical properties and microscopic evolution mechanisms of weathered granite soil
Authors: Wang Yizhao , Jia Ruiling , Li Yadong , Yang Kezheng , Cui Jie , Shan Yi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStudying the effects of weathering on the mechanical properties and microscopic evolution of weathered granite soil (WGS) is essential for connecting microstructure with macroscopic behavior. This study conducts systematic monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests, along with a series of microscopic tests on WGS samples, to explore the influence of weathering on WGS mechanical properties and the mechanism of granite weathering. Results indicate that both effective internal friction angle and effective cohesion decrease progressively with increased weathering. Completely weathered granite (CWG) exhibits greater dynamic strength compared to granite residual soil (GRS). Additionally, as weathering progresses, quartz fragments are lost, while feldspar and biotite weather to form secondary minerals such as kaolinite and illite, leading to an overall enrichment in aluminum and iron in the granite. Weathering causes structural deterioration of WGS. Finally, the mechanical parameters of WGS and their chemical weathering indices show a coefficient of determination ranging from 60 to 99%. This study helps elucidate the fundamental causes of performance changes in WGS, thereby optimizing engineering design and enhancing disaster prediction accuracy, while providing new research perspectives and experimental evidence for WGS.
Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Basic Auditory Processing in Young Adults
Authors: Sharma Bhamini , Maggu Akshay R. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
The current study aimed at investigating the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and basic auditory processing in young adults with normal hearing. Specifically, we sought to determine whether SES metrics, including parental education, parental occupation, and individual education attainment, influenced performance on tasks of basic auditory processing. Secondarily, we also aimed at understanding the interactive effects of SES and working memory on basic auditory processing.

Method:
A total of 38 young adults were included in the study. Self-reported SES measures were recorded through Likert scales, and auditory processing measures included tests for temporal fine structure (TFS) and spectrotemporal sensitivity (STS). Pearson correlation analyses were conducted to probe the relationships between SES indicators and auditory processing performance. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to understand the interactive effects of SES and working memory on auditory processing performance.

Results:
The analysis revealed no significant correlation between SES measures and basic auditory processing performance across TFS and STS tasks. Furthermore, analysis investigating the interaction between SES and working memory also yielded nonsignificant results. These findings indicate that, within this specific age cohort, SES information may not be indispensable for assessing basic auditory processing.

Conclusions:
Our study suggests that SES may not significantly influence basic auditory processing in young adults with normal hearing. However, further research with larger sample sizes and longitudinal designs is warranted to confirm these findings and explore potential age-related differences in the impact of SES on auditory processing across the lifespan.
Effect of Age and Gender on Categorical Perception of Vocal Emotion Under Tonal Language Background
Authors: Chen Yu , Wang Ting , Ding Hongwei 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
Categorical perception (CP) manifests in various aspects of human cognition. While there is mounting evidence for CP in facial emotions, CP in vocal emotions remains understudied. The current study attempted to test whether individuals with a tonal language background perceive vocal emotions categorically and to examine how factors such as gender and age influence the plasticity of these perceptual categories.

Method:
This study examined the identification and discrimination performance of 24 Mandarin-speaking children (14 boys and 10 girls) and 32 adults (16 males and 16 females) when they were presented with three vocal emotion continua. Speech stimuli in each continuum consisted of 11 resynthesized Mandarin disyllabic words.

Results:
CP phenomena were detected when Mandarin participants perceived vocal emotions. We further found the modulating effect of age and gender in vocal emotion categorization.

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate for the first time that a categorical strategy is used by Mandarin speakers when perceiving vocal emotions. Furthermore, our findings reveal that the categorization ability of vocal emotions follows a prolonged course of development and the maturation patterns differ across genders. This study opens a promising line of research for investigating how sensory features are mapped to higher order perception and provides implications for our understanding of clinical populations characterized by altered emotional processing.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27204057
Does Language Ability Predict Natural Recovery From Stuttering?
Authors: Nippold Marilyn A. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
This review article examines the proposal that language ability is a predictor or associate of natural recovery from stuttering. Specifically, this is the claim that preschool children who stutter (CWS) but have strong language skills are more likely to recover from this disorder naturally (without professional treatment) than those who have weaker language skills.

Method:
Studies that investigated this proposal are described, and their findings are reported in an effort to achieve greater clarity regarding this claim. The review includes studies that were published in peer-reviewed research journals in English since 1996.

Results:
Collectively, studies of language ability and natural recovery from stuttering have yielded mixed results. Although some studies found evidence to support an association, others did not, and still others yielded only partial support. Possible explanations for the complex and inconsistent findings are discussed, and suggestions are offered for speech-language pathologists who work with CWS.

Conclusions:
Language ability in preschool children is not a consistent or robust predictor or associate of natural recovery from stuttering. For this reason, it is risky to assume that a young child who stutters but has strong language skills is likely to recover from stuttering naturally and therefore does not require professional treatment for this disorder.
Group Aural Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gaeta Laura , Stark Rachel Keiko , Celio Noemi 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to synthesize published literature on group aural rehabilitation (AR) for older adults with hearing loss and update the research guidance since Hawkins (2005).

Method:
The scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Scoping Review extension and included five databases. Articles were selected for evaluation if they had been published since 2005, were primary research about group AR for older adults, and were in the English language. Evaluation criteria and data extraction were based on the study design, participant demographics, intervention, and outcome.

Results:
Three randomized controlled trials (Hickson et al., 2007; Preminger & Yoo, 2010; Preminger & Ziegler, 2008) met all criteria and were selected for further review. Common exclusion reasons included small sample sizes and study designs that were low on the hierarchy of evidence.

Conclusion:
A few published articles for group AR indicate effectiveness, but the area is in need of additional research that includes high-quality study designs, including consideration of effect sizes, reporting of participant demographics, variables specific to the intervention, and outcomes.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27122271
Multi‐sensor missile‐borne LiDAR point cloud data augmentation based on Monte Carlo distortion simulation
Authors: Zhao Luda , Hu Yihua , Han Fei , Dou Zhenglei , Li Shanshan , Zhang Yan , Wu Qilong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLarge‐scale point cloud datasets form the basis for training various deep learning networks and achieving high‐quality network processing tasks. Due to the diversity and robustness constraints of the data, data augmentation (DA) methods are utilised to expand dataset diversity and scale. However, due to the complex and distinct characteristics of LiDAR point cloud data from different platforms (such as missile‐borne and vehicular LiDAR data), directly applying traditional 2D visual domain DA methods to 3D data can lead to networks trained using this approach not robustly achieving the corresponding tasks. To address this issue, the present study explores DA for missile‐borne LiDAR point cloud using a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method that closely resembles practical application. Firstly, the model of multi‐sensor imaging system is established, taking into account the joint errors arising from the platform itself and the relative motion during the imaging process. A distortion simulation method based on MC simulation for augmenting missile‐borne LiDAR point cloud data is proposed, underpinned by an analysis of combined errors between different modal sensors, achieving high‐quality augmentation of point cloud data. The effectiveness of the proposed method in addressing imaging system errors and distortion simulation is validated using the imaging scene dataset constructed in this paper. Comparative experiments between the proposed point cloud DA algorithm and the current state‐of‐the‐art algorithms in point cloud detection and single object tracking tasks demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the network performance obtained from unaugmented datasets by over 17.3% and 17.9%, surpassing SOTA performance of current point cloud DA algorithms.
U‐ONet: Remote sensing image semantic labelling based on octave convolution and coordination attention in U‐shape deep neural network
Authors: Hu Qiongqiong , Wang Feiting , Wu Yuechao , Li Ying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSemantic labelling of remote sensing images is crucial for various remote sensing applications. However, the dense distribution of man‐made and natural objects with similar colours and geographic proximity poses challenges for achieving consistent and accurate labelling results. To address this issue, a novel deep learning model incorporating an octave convolutional neural networks (CNNs) within an end‐to‐end U‐shaped architecture is presented. The approach differs from conventional CNNs in that it employs octave convolutions instead of standard convolutions. This strategy serves to minimize low‐frequency information redundancy while maintaining segmentation accuracy. Furthermore, coordination attention is introduced in the encoder module to enhance the network's ability to extract useful features, focusing on spatial and channel dependencies within the feature maps. This attention mechanism enables the network to better capture channel, direction, and location information. In conclusion, the U‐shaped network is engineered with a completely symmetric structure that employs skip connections to merge low‐resolution information, used for object class recognition, with high‐resolution information to enable precise localization. This configuration ultimately improves segmentation accuracy. Experimental results on two public datasets demonstrate that our U‐ONet achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance, making it a compelling choice for remote sensing image semantic labelling applications.
Research on non‐linear active disturbance rejection speed synchronisation control of aviation dual motor actuator considering current saturation constraints
Authors: Guan Wenqing , Cheng Yi , Luo Guangzhao , Dou Manfeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElectro‐mechanical actuators with redundancy design use a cross‐coupling control strategy to enhance the coordinated control capability of the aviation motors. Due to its linear control characteristic, traditional cross‐coupling control reveals moderate dynamic response performance and synchronisation control accuracy. To further reduce the susceptibility to load torque and parameter perturbations in the application of a dual permanent magnet synchronous motor system, this paper proposes a non‐linear active disturbance rejection control (ADRC)‐based synchronisation control strategy. Considering the low gain problem of traditional ADRC when the speed tracking error is large, a non‐linear ADRC speed controller with an efal function is designed. Meanwhile, a Levant differentiator is proposed to improve the speed tracking performance during dynamic processes. Moreover, a non‐linear synchronous controller with current constraints is applied to the cross‐coupling control to enhance the synchronisation convergence performance of the dual‐PMSM system. Finally, simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed non‐linear ADRC speed synchronisation control.
Multispectral pedestrian detection based on feature complementation and enhancement
Authors: Nie Linzhen , Lu Meihe , He Zhiwei , Hu Jiachen , Yin Zhishuai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMultispectral pedestrian detection with visible light and infrared images is robust to changes in lighting conditions and therefore is of great importance to numerous applications that require all‐day environmental perception. This paper proposes a novel method named FCE‐RCNN, which integrates saliency detection as a sub‐task and utilizes global information for enhanced feature representation. The approach enhances thermal inputs by incorporating gradients at the raw‐data level before feature extraction. Utilizing a dual‐stream backbone, a global semantic information extraction module is introduced that combines pooling with horizontal–vertical attention mechanisms, capturing high‐quality global semantic information for lower‐level feature enrichment and guidance. Additionally, the pedestrian locality enhancement module is designed to enhance spatial locality information of pedestrians through saliency detection. Furthermore, to alleviate the challenges posed by positional shifts between cross‐spectral features, deformable convolution is innovatively employed. Experimental results on the KAIST dataset demonstrate that FCE‐RCNN significantly improves nighttime detection, achieving a log‐average miss rate of 6.92%, outperforming the new method ICAFusion by 0.93%. These results underscore the effectiveness of FCE‐RCNN, and the method also maintains competitive inference speed, making it suitable for real‐time applications.
A rapid recognition method for radar active jamming based on the Hybrid 3_CNN‐Transformer model
Authors: Wei Jingjing , Yu Lei , Wei Yinsheng , Xu Rongqing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs the electromagnetic environment becomes increasingly complex, radar encounters more intricate jamming patterns. Accurate and real‐time jamming recognition is crucial for effective radar anti‐jamming decisions. For scenarios with limited data, a rapid active jamming recognition method based on the Hybrid 3_CNN‐Transformer model is proposed. To thoroughly evaluate and validate this method, we simulated nine jamming types and used pulse compression for preprocessing. Combining the strengths of CNNs and Transformers, we constructed the Hybrid 3_CNN‐Transformer model, which employs three CNNs to extract local features from the complex domain, real part, and imaginary part of the jamming signals. After concatenating these features and performing position encoding, the model utilises Transformers to capture global features, enhancing recognition accuracy and reducing training time. To enhance computational efficiency and reduce storage, we applied an L1 norm‐based unstructured pruning algorithm for model compression, achieving an 82% pruning rate and cutting inference time to 33 ms. Experiments show that the Hybrid 3_CNN‐Transformer model significantly boosts recognition accuracy and speed over other models. On a small dataset with nine jamming types, it achieved 95.1% accuracy after 25 epochs and 100% after 90 epochs. This approach enhances training speed and accuracy, allowing rapid and reliable jamming recognition in resource‐limited environments.
Klinische und molekulare Epidemiologie maligner Speicheldrüsentumore
Authors: Jansen Louis , Nachtsheim Lisa , Mayer Marcel , Arolt Christoph , Quaas Alexander , Klußmann Jens Peter , Wolber Philipp 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungSpeicheldrüsenkarzinome sind eine seltene und heterogene Gruppe von bösartigen Tumoren, die 3–6% aller bösartigen Tumoren im Kopf-Hals-Bereich ausmachen. Die 1-, 3- und 5-Jahres-Überlebensraten liegen bei 83%, 69% bzw. 63%. Aufgrund immer neuer molekularpathologischer und genetischer Erkenntnisse werden im Rahmen der wiederkehrenden WHO-Klassifikation der Speicheldrüsenkarzinome stetig neue Entitäten definiert, sodass die Inzidenzraten der Entitäten einem ständigen Wandel unterliegen. Der einzige gesicherte Risikofaktor für die Entstehung von Speicheldrüsenkarzinomen ist ionisierende Strahlung. Darüber hinaus verschlechtern große Tumoren, zervikaler Lymphknotenbefall und Perineuralscheidenbefall die Prognose signifikant. Heute rückt die Molekularpathologie in den Vordergrund, mit der potenzielle Targets identifiziert werden konnten, die insbesondere in rezidivierten oder fernmetastasierten Stadien prognoseverbessernde Therapieoptionen bieten können. So können entitätsspezifische Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren wie Axitinib beim Adenoidzystischen Karzinom oder Larotrectinib beim sekretorischen Karzinom und entitätsübergreifende Therapien wie HER2-Inhibition und Androgendeprivation bei günstigem Nebenwirkungsprofil das mediane und progressionsfreie Überleben verlängern.
Management of Critically Ill Children with Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis during an H1N1 Outbreak in a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital: A Series of Three Cases and Literature Review
Authors: D'Eleuterio Annalisa , Rufini Paolo , L'Erario Manuela , Simonini Gabriele , Montagnani Carlotta , Ermini Stefano , Ricci Silvia , Bartolini Luca , Ricci Zaccaria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a severe neurological condition that is diagnosed clinically and upon specific radiological imaging. Medical treatment of this condition is uncertain, and timing is likely very important to minimize brain damage and systemic inflammation. The present case series describes three patients suffering from ANE secondary to influenza A/H1N1 infection during a recent outbreak, treated with increasingly aggressive anti-inflammatory approach, and with significantly different outcomes.
Satisfaction with Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnant Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Shrestha Kevin S. , Battarbee Ashley N. 
Published: October 2024

Objective Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improves pregnancy outcomes in type 1 diabetes. Given the rapid uptake of CGM in pregnancies complicated by both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, our objective was to determine if CGM satisfaction and use differed between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Study Design Cross-sectional survey study of 100 patients with pregestational diabetes who used Dexcom G6 CGM during pregnancy and received prenatal care at a single tertiary care center. Participants completed the validated 15-question Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction Survey (GMSS) and other questions about CGM use. The primary outcome was high satisfaction with CGM, defined as a total GMSS score of 4 or greater. Secondary outcomes included GMSS subscales, frequency of CGM app use, and CGM features used. Outcomes were compared between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and logistic and ordinal regression estimated the association between type 2 diabetes and outcomes.
Results Of 100 surveyed patients, 45 had type 1 and 55 had type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes were more likely to use CGM before pregnancy and use an insulin pump. CGM satisfaction did not differ between type 1 and type 2 diabetes (74.5 vs. 56.6%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.54, 95% [confidence interval] CI: 0.21–1.36). High openness, low behavioral burden, low emotional burden, and high worthwhileness also did not differ between groups after adjustment for CGM use before pregnancy. Reported CGM app use was high and did not differ between groups. Patients with type 2 diabetes were less likely to use arrows and/or graphs on the CGM app compared to type 1 diabetes.
Conclusion In this cohort, patients with type 2 diabetes appear to be similarly satisfied with CGM compared to those with type 1 diabetes. Future efforts focused on CGM education for new users may help increase the use of CGM app features, maximize satisfaction, and minimize technology burden.
Key Points