bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biologisch-integrative Medizin: klinische Fallberichte bei onkologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Reute Uwe R. M. 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung von Krebspatienten in einem integrativen Kontext stellt für naturheilkundliche Therapeuten eine Herausforderung einerseits und
hohe Verantwortung andererseits dar. Doppelblindstudien, insbesondere bei palliativen Therapien, erscheinen realitätsfremd, sodass
Erfahrungen nur über Fallanalysen möglich werden. Naturheilkundlich-biologische Behandlungen werden in der Klinik im LEBEN individuell und
personifiziert nach einer zusätzlichen funktionellen Diagnostik für den Patienten ausgewählt. Dieses ganzheitlich-individuelle
Therapiemodell stellt den integrativen Ansatz der Einbindung der biologischen Verfahren in die Standardtherapie zum Nutzen des Patienten
dar. Besondere Bedeutung haben neben der Fiebertherapie die Lösung und Behandlung psychisch-emotionaler Zustände, die zu innerem Stress
führen und somit die Regulation und eine mögliche Selbstheilung oder Spontanheilung verhindern.
Complex evolutionary footprints revealed in an analysis of reused protein segments of diverse lengths
Authors: Nepomnyachiy Sergey , Ben-Tal Nir , Kolodny Rachel 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceWe question a central paradigm: namely, that the protein domain is the “atomic unit” of evolution. In conflict with the current textbook view, our results unequivocally show that duplication of protein segments happens both above and below the domain level among amino acid segments of diverse lengths. Indeed, we show that significant evolutionary information is lost when the protein is approached as a string of domains. Our finer-grained approach reveals a far more complicated picture, where reused segments often intertwine and overlap with each other. Our results are consistent with a recursive model of evolution, in which segments of various lengths, typically smaller than domains, “hop” between environments. The fit segments remain, leaving traces that can still be detected.
Gesture use and its role for nativeness judgements
Authors: Hooijschuur Lisa , Hilton Nanna , Loerts Hanneke 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDespite the fact that gestures are seen as part of language, they are usually not included in studies of ultimate attainment and native-likeness in a second language. The aim of the present study is twofold: to give a description of the variation in gesture frequency, type and placement among different proficiency groups of Dutch learners of English, and to investigate the role that gestures play for determining nativeness of such learners. We compared gestures made by native and Dutch speakers of British English (BrE) and examined whether, and to what extent, native speakers of English use such gestures to judge nativeness. No clear differences were found between types, amounts and placements of gestures between the groups. Nor did the nativeness ratings of the three informant groups differ significantly. These results indicate that in contexts with two typologically and culturally similar languages gestures do not contribute to the perception of nativeness.
Local and global pitch perception in L1 and L2 readers of Dutch
Authors: De Jong Chiara , Postma-Nilsenova Marie , Vedder Kayleigh , Hendriks Danielle , Mos Maria , Maggiore Giuseppe 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Prior research showed a relationship between reading skills and pitch perception, however the exact nature remained unclear. By means of reading tests and a pitch perception test, we examined the relation between reading abilities and local and global pitch perception for 92 native Dutch children (mean age = 9.47) and 61 non-native Dutch children (mean age = 9.61). Additionally, for the latter group we examined the role of working memory. In line with prior research with poor readers in a language with a rather transparent orthography by Ziegler, Pech-Georgel, George and Foxton (2012), a relationship is found between reading skills and the ability to detect local changes in pitch, rather than global changes in the melody. Additionally, at least for beginning readers of Dutch as a second language, there is a strong effect of working memory on the relation between reading skills and pitch perception.
Addiction to cyberspace: virtual reality gives analysts pause for the modern psyche
Authors: Tyminski Robert 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAnalysts have been concerned for decades about the unforeseen psychological impacts of technology. The rapid developments during the past 15 years have brought issues related to cyberspace front and center in analysis and psychotherapy. A specific question arises: what is happening to our capacity for relating openly? We now regularly see “screen time” being used 1) defensively to retreat and escape, 2) compulsively to gratify urges and impulses, and 3) addictively to quench emotional cravings. Problems with limits and recognition of separation confound the positive aspects of cyberspace. Vulnerable egos may not even realize when escapism turns into addiction. Soul can become lost in these activities, when relationships are instead transactional and technology is regarded as numinous. A case example from the author’s practice and another from the media highlight the great risks for soul in this realm of cyberspace.
Data discovery with DATS: exemplar adoptions and lessons learned
Authors: Gonzalez-Beltran Alejandra N , Campbell John , Dunn Patrick , Guijarro Diana , Ionescu Sanda , Kim Hyeoneui , Lyle Jared , Wiser Jeffrey , Sansone Susanna-Assunta , Rocca-Serra Philippe 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The DAta Tag Suite (DATS) is a model supporting dataset description, indexing, and discovery. It is available as an annotated serialization with schema.org, a vocabulary used by major search engines, thus making the datasets discoverable on the web. DATS underlies DataMed, the National Institutes of Health Big Data to Knowledge Data Discovery Index prototype, which aims to provide a “PubMed for datasets.” The experience gained while indexing a heterogeneous range of &gt;60 repositories in DataMed helped in evaluating DATS’s entities, attributes, and scope. In this work, 3 additional exemplary and diverse data sources were mapped to DATS by their representatives or experts, offering a deep scan of DATS fitness against a new set of existing data. The procedure, including feedback from users and implementers, resulted in DATS implementation guidelines and best practices, and identification of a path for evolving and optimizing the model. Finally, the work exposed additional needs when defining datasets for indexing, especially in the context of clinical and observational information.
Systematic Government Access to Private-Sector Data in Italy
Authors: Resta Giorgio 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Italian law as it pertains to the variety of legal provisions relevant to data protection and the access to private-sector data by law enforcement. The relevant sources of law can include interpretations of constitutional provisions by the Italian courts, implementation of EU law in Italian law, and statutory provisions, in particular the Italian “Data Protection Code.” Special rules apply to data processing in specific sectors, in particular the judicial sector, law enforcement, and national security. Several statutes make a broad reporting of private-sector data mandatory. Legislation provides individuals with the opportunity to assert their rights either by filing a private lawsuit or by filing a complaint with the Italian Data Protection Authority.
Organizational Accountability, Government Use of Private-Sector Data, National Security, and Individual Privacy
Authors: Dempsey James X. , Cate Fred H. , Abrams Martin 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Companies that collect personal data in the course of their business must be accountable for the safe and fair management of that data. The accountability of companies as data stewards extends to processing by their vendors and partners to whom data is disclosed, in a chain of accountability that can extend through multiple links. However, when a government entity demands that a company disclose data in its possession or control, the chain of accountability can be broken if government itself, shielded by secrecy, is not accountable. This chapter examines what companies can do to remain accountable in the face of government disclosure demands. In addition, it concludes that the principles and practices of accountability developed around the handling of personal information in commercial contexts are applicable within government agencies, including when demanding disclosure of data held by the private sector.
From Real-Time Intercepts to Stored Records
Authors: Swire Peter 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter describes technological changes that shift law enforcement and national security attention from traditional wiretap techniques to greater emphasis on access to stored records, particularly records stored in the cloud. This shift results from the growing use of encryption, the declining effectiveness of traditional wiretaps, and the new importance of the cloud. Section II describes the changing technology of wiretaps and government access, most notably the rise of the Internet. Section III documents the growing adoption of strong encryption in a wide and growing range of settings of interest to government agencies. Section IV explains how these technological trends create a major shift from real-time intercepts to stored records, especially in the cloud.
Development by imitation, 1839–1947
Authors: Toye John 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Marx and Engels predicted that other countries would be forced to develop by European trade competition. This ignored the fact that some would first have to be opened up to trade by gunboat diplomacy and that imitation would be directed to building up military power. It also ignored the possibility that although the instruments of Western dominance could be copied, the attitudes and culture that was indigenous would be more resistant to change. The forces of resistance are explored in case studies of Japan, China, Russia, and India.
Development as take-off, 1950–75
Authors: Toye John 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
As a student, Walt Whitman Rostow resolved to write a riposte to Marxism. After studying British economic history, he identified a period of thirty years of rapid development as the core of an industrial revolution, which he thought was characteristic of all subsequent industrial revolutions. He used this idea of a take-off period to forecast future revolutions in developing countries that would lead to an American-style consumerist society. After advising President Johnson on a strategy for the failed Vietnam war, he resumed his academic career in the face of much criticism of his theory. Alternative interpretations of the British experience was offered by Simon Kuznets, and of the Continental experience by Alexander Gerschenkron, while Raul Prebisch and Latin American colleagues produced the radically different dependency approach to explain the underdevelopment of that region.
Persistence and Adherence to Psychostimulants, and Psychological Well-Being Up to 3 Years After Specialized Treatment of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Bijlenga Denise , Kulcu Semahat , van Gellecum Trevor , Eryigit Zeynep , Kooij J.J. Sandra 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
Little is known about the long-term persistence and adherence of psychostimulant use in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its relationship to their psychological well-being.

Methods
The persistence and adherence to psychostimulants and psychological well-being were examined in adults with ADHD in a naturalistic follow-up, starting directly after discharge from their specialized treatment of ADHD at an outpatient ADHD clinic. Ninety-six patients were included at the time of discharge, who were interviewed by telephone at 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years after discharge.

Results
At the time of discharge, 78% used a psychostimulant prescribed by a psychiatrist. Of those on psychostimulants at the time of discharge, approximately half still used any of these psychostimulants 3 years after discharge. However, adherence rates were good for those who persisted to use psychostimulants. The female sex and middle educational level (relative to a higher educational level) were near-significantly related to nonpersistence, and having a higher educational level and the combined ADHD subtype were related to nonadherence. In turn, nonadherence was related to worse general functioning, lower mood, and poorer sleep quality.

Conclusions
The importance of adherence should be discussed at the time of discharge, especially with female ADHD patients, those with a higher educational level, and those with a combined ADHD subtype, because nonadherence is associated with poorer outcomes.
Periodic variation of mutation rates in bacterial genomes associated with replication timing
Authors: Dillon Marcus M. , Sung Way , Lynch Michael , Cooper Vaughn S. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe causes and consequences of spatiotemporal variation in mutation rates remains to be explored in nearly all organisms. Here we examine relationships between local mutation rates and replication timing in three bacterial species whose genomes have multiple chromosomes:Vibrio fischeri, Vibrio cholerae, andBurkholderia cenocepacia. Following five evolution experiments with these bacteria conducted in the near-absence of natural selection, the genomes of clones from each lineage were sequenced and analyzed to identify variation in mutation rates and spectra. In lineages lacking mismatch repair, base-substitution mutation rates vary in a mirrored wave-like pattern on opposing replichores of the large chromosome ofV. fischeriandV. cholerae, where concurrently replicated regions experience similar base-substitution mutation rates. The base-substitution mutation rates on the small chromosome are less variable in both species but occur at similar rates as the concurrently replicated regions of the large chromosome. Neither nucleotide composition nor frequency of nucleotide motifs differed among regions experiencing high and low base-substitution rates, which along with the inferred ~800 Kb wave period suggests that the source of the periodicity is not sequence-specific but rather a systematic process related to the cell cycle. These results support the notion that base-substitution mutation rates are likely to vary systematically across many bacterial genomes, which exposes certain genes to elevated deleterious mutational load.
How we learn things we don’t know already: A theory of learning structured representations from experience
Authors: Doumas Leonidas A. A. , Puebla Guillermo , Martin Andrea E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHow a system represents information tightly constrains the kinds of problems it can solve. Humans routinely solve problems that appear to require structured representations of stimulus properties and relations. Answering the question of how we acquire these representations has central importance in an account of human cognition. We propose a theory of how a system can learn invariant responses to instances of similarity and relative magnitude, and how structured relational representations can be learned from initially unstructured inputs. We instantiate that theory in the DORA (Discovery of Relations by Analogy) computational framework. The result is a system that learns structured representations of relations from unstructured flat feature vector representations of objects with absolute properties. The resulting representations meet the requirements of human structured relational representations, and the model captures several specific phenomena from the literature on cognitive development. In doing so, we address a major limitation of current accounts of cognition, and provide an existence proof for how structured representations might be learned from experience.
Camelot – Intuitive Software for Camera Trap Data Management
Authors: Hendry Heidi , Mann Christopher 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA variety of software tools for camera trap data management have been produced over the years, though the authors encountered numerous shortcomings with each. Camelot is a new open source cross-platform software application for managing camera trap survey data.Camelot is designed to be both powerful and easy-to-use. It provides a number of innovative features, such as an extensible reporting system that serves as an integration point with specialised analysis tools. This combination of features and usability makes it a compelling alternative to existing camera trap data management software.
Speed tuning in the macaque posterior parietal cortex
Authors: Avila Eric , Lakshminarasimhan Kaushik J , DeAngelis Gregory C , Angelaki Dora E 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTNeurons in the macaque posterior parietal cortex are known to encode the direction of self-motion. But do they also encode one’s speed? To test this, we performed neural recordings from area 7a while monkeys were passively translated or rotated at various speeds. Visual stimuli were delivered as optic flow fields and vestibular stimuli were generated by a motion platform. Under both conditions, the responses of a fraction of neurons scaled linearly with self-motion speed, and speed-selective neurons were not localized to specific layers or columns. We analyzed ensembles of simultaneously recorded neurons and found that the precision of speed representation was sufficient to support path integration over modest distances. Our findings describe a multisensory neural code for linear and angular self-motion speed in the posterior parietal cortex of the macaque brain, and suggest a potential role for this representation.
Multi-band component analysis for EEG artifact removal and source reconstruction with application to gamma-band activity
Authors: Jonmohamadi Yaqub , Muthukumaraswamy Suresh D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIndependent component analysis (ICA) has been used extensively for artifact removal and reconstruction of neuronal time-courses in electroencephalography (EEG). Typically, ICA is applied on wide-band EEG (for example 1 to 100 Hz or similar ranges). Since EEG captures the activities of a large number of sources and the fact that number of the components separated by the ICA is limited by the number of the sensors, only the stronger sources (in terms of magnitude and duration) will be detected by the ICA, and the activity of weaker sources will be lost or scattered amongst the stronger components. Because of the 1/f nature of the EEG spectra this biases components to the lower frequency ranges. Here we used a versatile combination of a filter bank, PCA and ICA, calling it multi-band ICA, to both increase the number of the ICA components substantially and improve the SNR of the separated components. Using band-pass filtering we break the original signal mixture into several subbands, and using PCA we reduce the dimensionality of each subband, before applying ICA to a matrix containing all the principal components from each band. Using simulated sources and real EEG of participants, we demonstrate that multi-band ICA is able to outperform the traditional wide-band ICA in terms of both signal-noise ratio of the separated sources and the number of the identified independent components. We successfully separated the gamma-band neuronal components time-locked to a visual stimulus, as well as weak sources which are not detectable by wide-band ICA.
Oscillatory multiplexing indexes precision
Authors: Grabot Laetitia , Kononowicz Tadeusz W. , Dupré la Tour Tom , Gramfort Alexandre , Doyère Valérie , van Wassenhove Virginie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOscillatory coupling has been implicated in the representation and in the processing of information in the brain. Specific hypotheses suggest that oscillatory coupling may be relevant for the temporal coding of information but to which extent this may translate to conscious timing is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the temporal precision of self-generated timed actions may be controlled by phase-amplitude coupling (PAC). Using a timing task, we show the existence of significant alpha-beta (α-β) PAC, robust at the individual level, and specific to temporal production. Second, an increase in the strength of α-β PAC was associated with a smaller variance in time production, i.e. an increased precision in timing, but there was no correlation with the duration of the produced interval. Our results suggest an active role for α-β coupling in maintaining the precision of the endogenous temporal goal during time production: specifically, α oscillations may maintain the content of current cognitive states, thus securing the endogenous temporal code for duration estimation instantiated in β band. Oscillatory multiplexing may thus index the variance of neuronal computations, which translates into the precision of behavioral performance.
Bipolar oscillations between positive and negative mood states in a computational model of Basal Ganglia
Authors: Balasubramani Pragathi Priyadharsini , Srinivasa Chakravarthy V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBipolar disorder is characterized by mood swings - oscillations between manic and depressive states. The swings (oscillations) mark the length of an episode in a patient’s mood cycle (period), and can vary from hours to years. The proposed modeling study uses decision making framework to investigate the role of basal ganglia network in generating bipolar oscillations. In this model, the basal ganglia system performs a two-arm bandit task in which one of the arms leads to a positive outcome, while the other leads to a negative outcome. In healthy conditions, the model chooses positive action and avoids negative one, whereas under bipolar conditions, the model exhibits slow oscillations in its choice of positive or negative outcomes, reminiscent of bipolar oscillations. The model is cast at three levels of abstraction: 1) a two-dimensional dynamical system model, 2) a phenomenological basal ganglia model, 3) a detailed network model of basal ganglia. Phase-plane analyses on the simple reduced dynamical system with two variables reveal the essential parameters that generate pathological ‘bipolar-like’ oscillations. Phenomenological and network models of the basal ganglia extend that logic, and interpret bipolar oscillations in terms of the activity of dopaminergic and serotonergic projections on the cortico-basal ganglia network dynamics. The network’s dysfunction, specifically in terms of reward and risk sensitivity, is shown to be responsible for the pathological bipolar oscillations. The study proposes a computational model that explores the effects of impaired serotonergic neuromodulation on the dynamics of the cortico basal ganglia network, and relates this impairment to abstract mood states (manic and depressive episodes) and oscillations of bipolar disorder.