bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of 3D model planning in the management of impacted teeth
Authors: Scott Jessica , Stagnell Sami , Downie Ian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe extraction of deeply impacted mandibular wisdom teeth can be challenging and may pose a risk of damage to the Inferior Alveolar Nerve (IAN). Thorough planning helps minimise this risk whilst improving the efficiency of the surgical procedure. The use of modern imaging and modelling techniques can help mitigate this risk and improve outcomes.We discuss the case of a 61 year old male presenting to the outpatients department complaining of facial swelling and limited mouth opening. Plain film imaging revealed a deeply impacted molar with associated pathology. Subsequent 3D imaging provided more accurate location of the tooth and the close association with the IAN.Surgical planning included the construction of a 3D model of the mandible. A viewing window was created to observe both the tooth and nerve. The construction and customisation of the model allowed for practise surgery along with appropriate preoperative decision making. An acrylic guide was constructed to fit the mandible intraoperatively and guide the bone cuts in the correct position, relative to the unerupted tooth.The surgery was performed successfully using the guide intraoperatively. The tooth was removed without traumatising the IAN. The patient has since made a rapid and complete recovery after surgery with no neurosensory defect noted.
RNICE Model: Evaluating the Contribution of Replication Studies in Public Administration and Management Research
Authors: Pedersen Mogens Jin , Stritch Justin M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Replication studies relate to the scientific principle of replicability and serve the significant purpose of providing supporting (or contradicting) evidence regarding the existence of a phenomenon. However, replication has never been an integral part of public administration and management research. Recently, scholars have called for more replication, but academic reflections on when replication adds substantive value to public administration and management research are needed. This article presents the RNICE conceptual model, for assessing when and how a replication study contributes knowledge about a social phenomenon and advances knowledge in the public administration and management literatures. The RNICE model provides a vehicle for researchers who seek to evaluate or demonstrate the value of a replication study systematically. The practical application of the model is illustrated using two published replication studies.
The future of caviar production on the light of social changes: a new dawn for caviar?
Authors: Sicuro Benedetto 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCaviar consumption is increasing, and main projections indicate that the presumable maximum production will be of 3000 t year−1. From the productive point of view, the principal difference from the past caviar production is the definitive shift from wild to farmed caviar. Due to the recent advances in sturgeon aquaculture and the expansion of luxury consumers, there remains vast potential to reshape caviar consumption. Luxury market is extremely lucrative, it accounted for €217–€253 billion in 2016 and this is about 1.5 times of world aquaculture production. However, these perspectives are not only positive as this market segment is also affected by the diffusion of imitation (i.e. caviar substitutes, in this case). The proliferation of caviar substitutes can be interpreted as a kind of commercial Müllerian mimicry, while the adoption of new marketing strategy defined ‘Masstige’, which describes a downward luxury extensions directed towards middle‐class consumers and introduces new perspectives to this sector in its totality. What suggestions can be made by observing luxury consumers attitudes? This review takes into consideration the relation between sturgeon farming and quality of caviar on the light of modern societal changes. The main challenge for sturgeon aquaculture will be to spread a positive image of farmed caviar, thus introducing the aspects of excellence related to extensive aquaculture in controlled conditions by the adoption of shared rules on caviar quality. The most interesting aspects emerged are related to potential social expansion of caviar consumption, particularly in the middle‐class consumers.
Predictive functional profiles using metagenomic 16S rRNA data: a novel approach to understanding the microbial ecology of aquaculture systems
Authors: Ortiz‐Estrada Ángel Martín , Gollas‐Galván Teresa , Martínez‐Córdova Luis Rafael , Martínez‐Porchas Marcel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMicro‐organisms are an essential component of natural marine ecosystems, but also play important roles in anthropogenically modified ecosystems, including aquaculture. Although metagenomics is currently used to explore microbial communities, its application has not been as extensive in aquaculture. Although some taxonomic profiles and phylogenetic studies have been deciphered using biomarker genes, the functional potential of microbial communities associated with aquaculture systems is still unknown in most cases. Predicting functional profiles through 16S rRNA gene‐based metagenomics analysis is perhaps the most promising tool to elucidate the metabolic capabilities of microbial communities because there is no need to perform shotgun sequencing to have an idea of these capabilities. Moreover, robust bioinformatics background is not required to assess this information, and so the same data (16S rRNA sequences) are used to estimate both taxonomic and functional profiles, therefore providing deeper insights into these kinds of communities. In this review, we suggest the need to major use of novel bioinformatics tools that construct functional profiles from metagenomic 16S rRNA data, as strategy to obtain a preliminary approach about metabolic capacities of microbes that coexist in aquaculture systems.
Bayesian Models for Weighted Data with Missing Values: A Bootstrap Approach
Authors: Goldstein Harvey , Carpenter James , Kenward Michael G. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryMany data sets, especially from surveys, are made available to users with weights. Where the derivation of such weights is known, this information can often be incorporated in the user's substantive model (model of interest). When the derivation is unknown, the established procedure is to carry out a weighted analysis. However, with non-trivial proportions of missing data this is inefficient and may be biased when data are not missing at random. Bayesian approaches provide a natural approach for the imputation of missing data, but it is unclear how to handle the weights. We propose a weighted bootstrap Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for estimation and inference. A simulation study shows that it has good inferential properties. We illustrate its utility with an analysis of data from the Millennium Cohort Study.
Rural and Urban Differences in Gender‐Sentencing Patterns of Pennsylvania
Authors: Lu Yunmei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractResearch on criminal punishment and judicial decision making consistently reveals that female offenders receive more lenient treatment than similarly situated male counterparts. A major shortcoming in this body of research, however, is the lack of studies on whether the effects of gender on sentencing differ across geographic localities, such as in rural versus urban courts. Using a rich database on recent sentencing practices in Pennsylvania from 2003 to 2010 (N = 186,634), this study addresses this gap by investigating and comparing the effects of gender on sentence outcomes across six types of locality categorized by their level of rurality. Consistent with the focal concerns theory of punishment decision making, the results indicate robust gender effects on sentencing outcomes across places. When other factors are held constant, female defendants consistently receive more lenient treatment; they are less likely to be incarcerated and receive short sentences if incarcerated. The magnitudes of gender disparities are consistent across levels of the rural‐urban continuum, with one exception: female leniency in shorter jail or prison sentences is greater in the smallest and most rural localities than in other areas. The article discusses implications of the study findings for research on sentencing and rurality.
“People Will Bury Their Guns before They Surrender Them”: Implementing Domestic Violence Gun Control in Rural, Appalachian versus Urban Communities
Authors: Lynch Kellie R. , Logan TK , Jackson Dylan B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThough gun violence is a global issue, the risk of firearm death is substantially higher in the United States than in other high‐income nations. Guns are deeply rooted within American culture; however, different subcultures exist along the urban‐rural divide. Such differences between urban and rural communities related to gun culture have been dubbed “firearm localism.” We investigated firearm localism in a state that has the highest proportion of firearm‐related domestic violence homicide and a large rural area representing a subgroup of rural culture: Appalachia. Specifically, key professionals reported issues related to domestic violence gun control in their communities. We conducted phone and in‐person surveys with a sample of community professionals (N = 133) working in victim services and the justice system in urban and Appalachian communities. Despite evidence of a strong gun culture in the rural communities, both urban and rural professionals estimated that about two‐thirds of their community would support restricting abusers' firearm access. Additionally, rural professionals were more likely to show concern for abusers' Second Amendment rights when discussing unintended negative consequences of gun confiscation; urban professionals were more likely to point out that gun confiscation can provide a false sense of security for victims. Policy implications are discussed.
Retrospective study on midfacial advancement in syndromic craniosynostosis: case series
Authors: Guaita Márcia Pereira , Pereira Maristela , Cardim Vera Lúcia Nocchi , Gonçalves Flávia , Júnior Sérgio Allegrini 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTAIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate elastic distraction surgical procedures performed on patients with syndromic craniosynostosis using cephalometric analyses.MethodsEleven patients who underwent surgical midfacial advancement were divided into three groups: G1 – monobloc frontofacial; G2 – Le Fort III; and G3 – high‐level Le Fort I. The cephalometric analyses were manually created through cephalometric radiographs of each patient: T1 – preoperative; T2 – 6 months postoperatively; and T3 – 12 months postoperatively. The cephalometric landmark points were A and O. The distances between preoperative and postoperative tracings were measured.ResultsPoint A advanced with no significant relapse 12 months after surgery. Point O advanced with a significant relapse rate of 28.5% postoperatively (p = 0.019). The vertical movement of points A and O increased by 40.6% (p = 0.033) and 38.8% (p = 0.032), respectively. There were no significant statistical differences between the assessed surgical techniques and syndromes with regard to midfacial advancement.ConclusionPoint O has presented statistically significant relapse only in horizontal movement after 12 months. The cephalometric analysis performed in the present study only suggested no differences between the studied surgical techniques and syndromes with regard to midfacial advancement in syndromic craniosynostosis.
Temperament, mothers' reactions to children's emotional experiences, and emotion understanding predicting adjustment in preschool children
Authors: Klein Melanie R. , Moran Lyndsey , Cortes Rebecca , Zalewski Maureen , Ruberry Erika J. , Lengua Liliana J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt is expected that both children and their parents contribute to children's development of emotion knowledge and adjustment. Bidirectional relations between child temperament (fear, frustration, executive control) and mothers' reactions to children's emotional experiences were examined to explore how these variables predict children's emotion understanding, social competence, and problem behaviors. Preschool‐aged children (N = 306) and their mothers were assessed across four‐time points. Children's temperament and mothers' non‐supportive reactions to children's emotional experiences were assessed when children were 36 and 45 months of age. Emotion understanding was assessed when the children were 54 months of age and teachers reported on children's problem behaviors and social competence when the children were 63 months of age. Covariates included family income, child cognitive ability, gender, and child adjustment at 36 months. Results from path analyses demonstrated that bidirectional relations between children's temperament and mothers' non‐supportive reactions were not significant. However, mother's non‐supportive reactions directly predicted fewer problem behaviors, and children's emotion understanding mediated the relation between children's executive control and their later social competence. As such, emotion understanding appears to be one mechanism through which executive control might impact social competence.
The Postsecondary Education Pathways of Canadian Immigrants: Who Goes and How Do They Get There?
Authors: Kamanzi Pierre Canisius , Collins Tya 
Published: January 2018

This article aims to describe and understand the postsecondary education pathway morphology of Canadian youth from the province of Quebec with immigrant family origins, as well as the factors that contribute to its structuration. Results from a subsample of 20,387 students reveal that they generally acces postsecondary education and follow a linear pathway at higher rates than their peers whose parents were born in Canada. However, significant differences exist between first and second generation immigrants, as well as when parental geographic region of origin is considered. In conclusion, several possible interpretations are proposed.
Predictive neuromechanical simulations indicate why walking performance declines with ageing
Authors: Song Seungmoon , Geyer Hartmut 
Published: January 2018

Key points
Although the natural decline in walking performance with ageing affects the quality of life of a growing elderly population, its physiological origins remain unknown.
By using predictive neuromechanical simulations of human walking with age‐related neuro‐musculo‐skeletal changes, we find evidence that the loss of muscle strength and muscle contraction speed dominantly contribute to the reduced walking economy and speed.
The findings imply that focusing on recovering these muscular changes may be the only effective way to improve performance in elderly walking.
More generally, the work is of interest for investigating the physiological causes of altered gait due to age, injury and disorders.
AbstractHealthy elderly people walk slower and energetically less efficiently than young adults. This decline in walking performance lowers the quality of life for a growing ageing population, and understanding its physiological origin is critical for devising interventions that can delay or revert it. However, the origin of the decline in walking performance remains unknown, as ageing produces a range of physiological changes whose individual effects on gait are difficult to separate in experiments with human subjects. Here we use a predictive neuromechanical model to separately address the effects of common age‐related changes to the skeletal, muscular and nervous systems. We find in computer simulations of this model that the combined changes produce gait consistent with elderly walking and that mainly the loss of muscle strength and mass reduces energy efficiency. In addition, we find that the slower preferred walking speed of elderly people emerges in the simulations when adapting to muscle fatigue, again mainly caused by muscle‐related changes. The results suggest that a focus on recovering these muscular changes may be the only effective way to improve performance in elderly walking.
Effects of Three-Day Serial Sodium Bicarbonate Loading on Performance and Physiological Parameters During a Simulated Basketball Test in Female University Players
Authors: Delextrat Anne , Mackessy Sinead , Arceo-Rendon Luis , Scanlan Aaron , Ramsbottom Roger , Calleja-Gonzalez Julio 
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3-day serial sodium bicarbonate ingestion on repeated sprint and jump performance. Fifteen female university basketball players (23.3 ± 3.4 years; 173.1 ± 5.8 cm; 65.8 ± 6.3 kg; 23.6 ± 4.9% body fat) ingested 0.4 g/kg body mass of sodium bicarbonate or placebo for 3 days (split in three equal daily doses), before completing a simulated basketball exercise. Sprint and circuit times, jump heights, performance decrements, and gastrointestinal side effects were recorded during the test, and blood lactate concentration was measured pre- and posttest. Sodium bicarbonate supplementation led to significant decreases in mean sprint times (1.34 ± 0.23 vs. 1.70 ± 0.41 s, p = .008, 95% confidence intervals [−0.54, −0.10 s]) and mean circuit times (30.6 ± 2.0 vs. 31.3 ± 2.0 s, p = .044) and significantly greater mean jump height (26.8 [range 25.2–34.2] vs. 26.0 [range 25.6–33.6] cm, p = .013) compared with placebo. Performance decrement was significantly less for sprints with sodium bicarbonate compared with placebo (9.9 [range 3.4–37.0]% vs. 24.7 [range 4.1–61.3]%, p = .013), but not different for jumps (13.1 ± 4.5% vs. 12.5 ± 3.1%, p = .321) between conditions. No differences in gastrointestinal side effects were noted between conditions. Significantly greater postexercise blood lactate concentrations were measured in the sodium bicarbonate condition compared with the placebo condition (8.2 ± 2.8 vs. 6.6 ± 2.4 mmol/L, p = .010). This study is the first to show that serial loading of sodium bicarbonate is effective for basketball players to improve repeated sprint and jump performance during competition, or withstand greater training load during practice sessions without any gastrointestinal side effects.
Design and Validation of an Instrumented Uneven Terrain Treadmill
Authors: Voloshina Alexandra S. , Ferris Daniel P. 
Published: January 2018

Studying human and animal locomotion on an uneven terrain can be beneficial to basic science and applied studies for clinical and robotic applications. Traditional biomechanical analysis of human locomotion has often been limited to laboratory environments with flat, smooth runways and treadmills. The authors modified a regular exercise treadmill by attaching wooden blocks to the treadmill belt to yield an uneven locomotion surface. To ensure that these treadmill modifications facilitated biomechanical measurements, the authors compared ground reaction force data collected while a subject ran on the modified instrumented treadmill with a smooth surface with data collected using a conventional instrumented treadmill. Comparisons showed only minor differences. These results suggest that adding an uneven surface to a modified treadmill is a viable option for studying human or animal locomotion on an uneven terrain. Other types of surfaces (eg, compliant blocks) could be affixed in a similar manner for studies on other types of locomotion surfaces.
Correlates of Physical Activity Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Hazardous Drinking Habits in Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Vancampfort Davy , Stubbs Brendon , Hallgren Mats , Lundin Andreas , Mugisha James , Koyanagi Ai 
Published: January 2018

We investigated physical activity (PA) correlates among middle-aged and older adults (aged ≥50 years) with hazardous drinking patterns in six low- and middle-income countries. Cross-sectional data were analyzed from the World Health Organization’s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health. Hazardous drinking was defined as consuming >7 (females) or >14 (males) standard drinks per week. Participants were dichotomized into low (i.e., not meeting 150 min of moderate PA/week) and moderate–high physically active groups. Associations between PA and a range of correlates were examined using multivariable logistic regressions. The prevalence of low PA in 1,835 hazardous drinkers (60.5 ± 13.1 years; 87.9% males) was 16.2% (95% confidence interval [13.9%, 18.9%]). Older age, living in an urban setting, being unemployed, depression, underweight, obesity, asthma, visual impairment, poor self-rated health, and higher levels of disability were identified as significant PA correlates. The current data provide important guidance for future interventions to assist older hazardous drinkers to engage in regular PA.
A pathway for mitotic chromosome formation
Authors: Gibcus Johan H. , Samejima Kumiko , Goloborodko Anton , Samejima Itaru , Naumova Natalia , Nuebler Johannes , Kanemaki Masato T. , Xie Linfeng , Paulson James R. , Earnshaw William C. , Mirny Leonid A. , Dekker Job 
Published: January 2018

Tracking mitotic chromosome formationHow cells pack DNA into fully compact, rod-shaped chromosomes during mitosis has fascinated cell biologists for more than a century. Gibcuset al.delineated the conformational transition trajectory from interphase chromatin to mitotic chromosomes minute by minute during the cell cycle. The mitotic chromosome is organized in a spiral staircase architecture in which chromatin loops emanate radially from a centrally located helical scaffold. The molecular machines condensin I and II play distinct roles in these processes: Condensin II is essential for helical winding, whereas condensin I modulates the organization within each helical turn.Science, this issue p.eaao6135
Evaluating the Relationship between Vancomycin Trough Concentration and 24-Hour Area under the Concentration-Time Curve in Neonates
Authors: Tseng Sheng-Hsuan , Lim Chuan Poh , Chen Qi , Tang Cheng Cai , Kong Sing Teang , Ho Paul Chi-Lui 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Bacterial sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates, especially those involving methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA). Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America recommend the vancomycin 24-h area under the concentration-time curve to MIC ratio (AUC
24
/MIC) of >400 as the best predictor of successful treatment against MRSA infections when the MIC is ≤1 mg/liter. The relationship between steady-state vancomycin trough concentrations and AUC
24
values (mg·h/liter) has not been studied in an Asian neonatal population. We conducted a retrospective chart review in Singapore hospitals and collected patient characteristics and therapeutic drug monitoring data from neonates on vancomycin therapy over a 5-year period. A one-compartment population pharmacokinetic model was built from the collected data, internally validated, and then used to assess the relationship between steady-state trough concentrations and AUC
24
. A Monte Carlo simulation sensitivity analysis was also conducted. A total of 76 neonates with 429 vancomycin concentrations were included for analysis. Median (interquartile range) was 30 weeks (28 to 36 weeks) for postmenstrual age (PMA) and 1,043 g (811 to 1,919 g) for weight at the initiation of treatment. Vancomycin clearance was predicted by weight, PMA, and serum creatinine. For MRSA isolates with a vancomycin MIC of ≤1, our major finding was that the minimum steady-state trough concentration range predictive of achieving an AUC
24
/MIC of >400 was 8 to 8.9 mg/liter. Steady-state troughs within 15 to 20 mg/liter are unlikely to be necessary to achieve an AUC
24
/MIC of >400, whereas troughs within 10 to 14.9 mg/liter may be more appropriate.