bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract B176: Are there disparities in adherence to treatment guidelines among Asian American ovarian cancer patients?
Authors: Lee Alice W. , Chang Jenny , Siddiqui Sannia , Ziogas Argyrios , Bristow Robert E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines reflect the most current and accepted standards for ovarian cancer treatment. Studies show that adherence to NCCN guidelines is associated with improved ovarian cancer survival. Asian Americans have been found to have higher ovarian cancer survival than non-Hispanic Whites although the likelihood of receiving adherent care appears to be comparable between the two racial groups. It is unclear whether there may be ethnic-specific differences in the receipt of adherent care among disaggregated Asian American subgroups. Methods: We leveraged data from the California Cancer Registry and analyzed 31,230 non-Hispanic White and Asian/Pacific Islander ovarian cancer cases diagnosed between 1996 and 2020. Multivariable logistic regression with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used to evaluate the likelihood of receiving NCCN adherent care for each Asian ethnic subgroup compared to non-Hispanic Whites. NCCN adherent care was defined as having received surgery and chemotherapy ovarian cancer treatment that met NCCN guidelines. Demographic, socioeconomic, and tumor characteristics were considered in the analyses. Results: Overall, 39.3% of non-Hispanic White and 39.1% of Asian/Pacific Islander ovarian cancer patients received care that adhered to NCCN guidelines. Across the Asian ethnic subgroups, the highest percentage receiving adherent care was observed among South Asians (45.9%) whereas the lowest percentage was among Other Asians (31.9%) and Pacific Islanders (33.9%). After adjusting for relevant factors, Koreans and Other Asians showed significantly lower odds of receiving NCCN adherent care relative to non-Hispanic Whites (OR=0.76, 95% CI 0.61-0.96 and OR=0.65, 95% CI 0.54-0.77, respectively). Conclusion: There appears to be some variation in ovarian cancer treatment across Asian ethnic subgroups, highlighting possible disparities in patient care. Given the critical role treatment plays in disease prognosis, future research should explore why some ovarian cancer patients may be less likely to receive adherent care as this could inform strategies to ensure such care is provided which in turn may help improve their survival.
Citation Format: Alice W. Lee, Jenny Chang, Sannia Siddiqui, Argyrios Ziogas, Robert E. Bristow. Are there disparities in adherence to treatment guidelines among Asian American ovarian cancer patients? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B176.
Abstract C002: Investigating racial and ethnic healthcare disparities in screenable gynecologic cancers
Authors: Blanco Daniela P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this systematic scoping literature review, we analyzed peer-reviewed literature to develop a comprehensive understanding of the racial and ethnic healthcare inequity regarding the management and treatment of gynecologic cancers. This approach allows for novel summative data to inform future research and equitable treatment of gynecologic. For the analytical review, PubMed was primarily used to retrieve research articles exploring the impact of race and ethnicity on gynecologic cancer outcomes and screenings, focusing on cervical, ovarian, endometrial, fallopian tube, and vulvar cancers from 2015 to 2023. Non-original studies and studies published prior to 2015 were excluded from being reviewed. To ensure the reliability and relevance of the subsequent analysis, findings were uniformly summarized using a synthesis matrix, highlighting common themes across articles. Based on the articles investigated, there is strong evidence pointing to increased incidence of gynecologic cancers diagnosed at later, more aggressive stages in African American and Hispanic women than in Non-Hispanic White women. Additionally, disparities were found in screenings and treatment management. Women-of-color were less likely to be offered education from their healthcare providers on gynecologic cancers, and less likely to be offered preventative screening or vaccines. The disparities in treatment management were most pronounced in African American women, who were less often offered access to lifesaving treatments, such as brachytherapy. However, utilizing outreach programs and enhancing both provider competency and patient education initiatives has lead to an increase in the likelihood of African American and Hispanic women in vaccine compliance and adherence to regular check-ups. Our ongoing review continues to unveil racial and ethnic healthcare inequities and their impact on preventative care, patient-physician relationships, and patient education. The preliminary findings suggest that racial/ethnic disparities contribute to reduced adherence to recommended obstetric screenings and established effective treatment regimens. Additionally, the data shows that increased utilization of outreach programs and patient education helps mitigate these disparities.
Citation Format: Daniela P. Blanco. Investigating racial and ethnic healthcare disparities in screenable gynecologic cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C002.
Abstract C014: Lower negative predictive value of prostate MRI in Black men
Authors: Sandlow Sarah , Carbunaru Samuel , Sun Zequn , Ofori Bernice , Hollowell Courtney M. P. , Vidal Patricia , Li Eric , Schaeffer Edward M. , Gann Peter , Ross Ashley , Kundu Shilajit , Murphy Adam B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction: PIRADS scoring with multiparametric-MRI (MRI) has a pooled 90% negative predictive value (NPV) allowing men to defer biopsy while enhancing Gleason Grade group 2-5 (GG2-5) prostate cancer (PCa) detection. PSA density (PSAD) ≥0.15ng/ml/cm3 has been shown to enhance NPV of the prostate MRI in non-Black men. We assessed the performance of the prostate MRI in Black vs. non-Black men by evaluating sensitivity and NPV, and identified a PSAD threshold providing ≥90% NPV in Black men. Methods: We prospectively recruited Black and non-Black men referred to outpatient urology clinics for abnormal PSA or prostate exam in three similar biomarker validation studies from 2017–23 before MRI-informed diagnostic transrectal or transperineal prostate biopsy. We combined this research cohort with a retrospective clinical cohort of clinically similar Black and non-Black men from one academic institution who also underwent prostate MRIs and MRI-informed biopsies for elevated PSA. Trained radiologists used PIRADS version 2.0 or 2.1 for scoring. Results: Following the combination of the research and clinical cohorts, 286 Black men and 965 non-Black men with PSA&lt;15.0ng/ml were included in the analysis. PIRADS ≥3 had an NPV of 77.1% versus 87.6% and a sensitivity of 90.7% vs. 96.3% for GG2-5 PCa in Black versus non-Black men, respectively (both p&lt;0.05). Using PSAD ≥0.09 for Black men with PIRADS 1-2 lesions increased sensitivity to 92.9%. For PIRADS 1-2, GG2-5 PCa frequency was 5.3% higher in Black versus non-Black men with PSAD&lt;0.15, and 11.0% higher in Black versus non-Black men with PSAD≥0.15. For PIRADS=3, GG2-5 PCa frequency was 9.1% higher in Black men with PSAD&lt;0.15 and 27.9% higher for PSAD≥0.15. For PIRADS=4, GG2-5 PCa frequency was 15.9% higher in Black men with PSAD&lt;0.15, and 9.5% higher for PSAD≥0.15. Conclusion: The PIRADS ≥3 threshold has a lower NPV and sensitivity in Black men. A negative prostate MRI requires a PSAD ≥0.09 threshold for safe biopsy deferral in Black men to maintain a sensitivity ≥90%.
Citation Format: Sarah Sandlow, Samuel Carbunaru MD, Zequn Sun PhD, Bernice Ofori MPH, Courtney M. P. Hollowell MD, Patricia Vidal MD, Eric Li MD, Edward M. Schaeffer MD, PhD, Peter Gann MD, ScD, Ashley Ross MD, PhD, Shilajit Kundu MD, Adam B. Murphy MD, MBA, MSCI. Lower negative predictive value of prostate MRI in Black men [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C014.
Abstract C027: Nanoscale-metal organic frameworks as drug delivery vehicles for novel hepatocellular carcinoma therapy
Authors: Jackson Karl T. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous crystalline materials composed of organic linkers connected by metal clusters. Recently, MOFs have garnered significant interest in biomedical applications due to their high porosity and ability to be tailored to accommodate various guest molecules. Their use as drug delivery vehicles in cancer treatment has been extensively explored as an alternative to traditional chemotherapy, aiming to enhance efficacy and reduce harmful side effects. Beyond serving as carriers, MOFs can be functionalized with moieties that selectively bind to cancer cells, enabling advanced targeting capabilities. This presentation examines current research on using Zr-based MOF, UiO-66 as a drug delivery vehicle for novel small molecule inhibitor PDZ1i in combinatorial therapies for hepatocellular cancer. PDZ1i targets MDA-9, a pro-metastatic and pro-angiogenic gene associated with various cancers.
Citation Format: Karl T. Jackson. Nanoscale-metal organic frameworks as drug delivery vehicles for novel hepatocellular carcinoma therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C027.
Abstract C050: Breast cancer in Ghana: assessment of multidrug-resistant genes among breast cancer patients
Authors: Boaitey Gloria Agyekum , Martini Rachel , Djeddar Nourddine Dean , Stonaker Brian , Patino Stevens M. , White Jason , Bonsu Ernest Osei , Boaitey Yaw Agyekum , Obirikorang Christian , Davis Melissa B. , Fondjo Linda Ahenkorah 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women globally and chemotherapy plays a crucial role in its management in sub-Saharan Africa. The long-term BC survival rate remains poor due to chemoresistance. Over 80% of currently used chemotherapy drugs are substrates of ABC transporter genes, ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCG2. Possessing the wild-type genotype and alleles of these genes reduces intracellular drug accumulation and leads to poorer treatment outcomes due to the upregulation of efflux function. This study therefore determined the allelic and genotype frequencies of three variant alleles, rs1045642, rs28706727 and rs2231142 in these transporter genes, and assessed the association between the variant statuses and BC recurrence or metastasis in the Ghanaian BC population. A quantitative, observational, case-control study was conducted using a purposive and convenience sampling method. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from study participants using questionnaires and a review of medical records. Extracted blood DNA from participants was used to determine the gene variants in ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCG2 genes using the TaqMan Allelic Discrimination assays. A significantly high frequency (p ≤ 0.001) of the homozygous wild-type genotypes and alleles (ABCB1 had 77.3%/88% for CC/C, ABCC1 had 95.3%/97.7% for GG/G and ABCG2 had 100%/100% for CC/C) was found in both case and control groups. The wild-type genotypes and alleles of ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCG2 may contribute to poor BC treatment outcomes among Ghanaian BC patients receiving chemotherapy.
Citation Format: Gloria Agyekum Boaitey, Rachel Martini, Nourddine Dean Djeddar, Brian Stonaker, Stevens M. Patino, Jason White, Ernest Osei Bonsu, Yaw Agyekum Boaitey, Christian Obirikorang, Melissa B. Davis, Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo. Breast cancer in Ghana: assessment of multidrug-resistant genes among breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C050.
Abstract C070: Barriers to genomic testing reduce clinical trial eligibility for diverse populations
Authors: McCleary Nadine J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Tumor genomic testing and cancer clinical trials expand access to precision therapeutics, enhancing patient experience. However, physician and patient barriers impact participation of historically underrepresented patients (HUP), limiting generalizability for those most negatively affected by cancer. We interviewed patients to identify factors impacting genomic testing uptake and clinical trial enrollment. From 09/2021 - 12/2021 we interviewed 16 HUP diagnosed with cancer seen at an ambulatory oncology center: 3 spoke a language other than English, 9 identified as Black, 6 Hispanic/Latinx, 3 other race, and 3 older adult (age 70+). Individual interviews utilized a structured interview guide and lasted 45 minutes. Participants were recruited until thematic saturation was reached and transcripts were coded for major themes. Patients were unsure if they received genomic testing or if testing was recommended (citing possible confusion with medical information). Barriers included education (unclear benefit to participation, investigational drug/device identity, procedures involved), mistrust of research (data privacy concerns), and logistical accessibility (cost, time away from work, transportation). Those tested found it to be an easy process. Several cited that a patient advocate would be a beneficial resource to navigate the process. Barriers around clinical trial enrollment included education (risks of participating, size of the study, investigational drug/device identity), mistrust of research (data privacy, inclusion of HUP in trial, loss of autonomy in decision-making), and logistical accessibility (time commitment). HUP who participated in a trial appreciated additional psychosocial support and clinical monitoring. Patients were emphatically interested in genomic testing and cancer clinical trials when presented as the best course of care, though concerns about side effects from trials persisted. Patient barriers to genomic testing and clinical trials center around education, mistrust in research, and logistical accessibility. Patients who participated in genomic testing and clinical trials had a positive experience. Barriers may be addressed with tailored education, including supportive resources referral.
Citation Format: Nadine J. McCleary. Barriers to genomic testing reduce clinical trial eligibility for diverse populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C070.
Abstract C108: ANPEP regulates one-carbon metabolism in prostate cancer
Authors: El-Kenawi Asmaa , Putney Ryan , Berglund Anders , Yamoah Kosj 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the year 2023, prostate cancer (PCa) contributed to 34,700 cancer-related fatalities within the United States. Notably, African American men (AAM) experience disproportionately higher rates of both PCa incidence and mortality compared to their European American counterparts (EAM). To investigate some of the biological factors which contribute to these disparities, we carried out an unbiased genomic expression analysis of PCa stratified by ancestry using retrospective and prospective clinical cohorts. In these analyses, we identified aminopeptidase N (ANPEP, APN, CD13), as the most differentially expressed gene in both self-identified and ancestry derived AAM compared with EAM. Previous studies demonstrated that the aminopeptidase ANPEP cleaves N termini of numerous hormones, cytokines, and chemokines involved in oncogenic signaling, cancer relapse and Inflammation. Specifically, ANPEP trims peptides with an N-terminal L-alanine and (L-cysteinylglycine)-S-conjugates while releasing alanine and glycine, respectively. While the role of ANPEP in cytokine activation is well studied, the contribution of ANPEP to amino acids homeostasis remains unknown. Herein, we aim to characterize the metabolic function of ANPEP and whether ANPEP regulates therapeutic efficacy. Using computational analyses, we demonstrate that expression of ANPEP predominantly correlates with various amino acid transporters. By employing untargeted metabolomics, we subsequently revealed a significant enrichment of one-carbon metabolism in cells that overexpress ANPEP. The one-carbon metabolism connects a series of metabolic pathways including the methionine cycle which in turn regulates methylation of various cellular substrates. We then performed genome-wide methylation profiling demonstrates that ANPEP overexpression is associated with elevated methylation of DNA. Because elevated methylation of DNA which is a determinant of therapeutic efficacy in prostate cancer, future studies will assess whether ANPEP regulation of methylation capacity impacts therapeutic efficacy and disease progression. To clinically validate our findings, we them carried out a fluxomic approach in ex vivo human tumor slice culture from 20 patients of prostate cancer. These studies demonstrate that PCa from AAM exhibit higher demand for methionine and cystine highlighting dominance of one-carbon metabolism. In conclusion, we discovered a new function of ANPEP in regulating one-carbon metabolism in prostate cancer.
Citation Format: Asmaa El-Kenawi, Ryan Putney, Anders Berglund, Kosj Yamoah. ANPEP regulates one-carbon metabolism in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C108.
Abstract C114: DNA methylation signatures linked to different grades of prostate tumors from African American and European American patients
Authors: Gonzalez-Smith Leonardo , Stensrud Colton , Stevens Claire , Mack Jenaye , Arigbede Olumide , Buxbaum Sarah G , Falzarano Sara M. , Rhie Suhn K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in the United States. Health disparities in men diagnosed with prostate cancer are observed between patients of African and those of European ancestry. To develop biomarkers and elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind prostate tumorigenesis and racial disparities, we collected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostate tissues from African American (AA) and European American (EA) patients. By comparing global DNA methylation profiles among normal samples and different grades of tumor samples from AA and EA, we revealed distinct prostate cancer subgroups with variable DNA methylated regions. We identified thousands of differentially methylated regions between normal and tumor samples, defining hypermethylated and hypomethylated regions. When we examined the frequency of differentially methylated regions among different grades of tumor samples, we found that low-grade tumor samples exhibited fewer hypermethylated regions while high-grade tumors exhibited numerous hypermethylated regions across AA and EA samples. However, we found that a subset of low-grade tumors exhibited many hypomethylated regions similar to high-grade tumors. By clustering prostate tumor samples with the identified differentially methylated regions, we revealed distinct prostate cancer subgroups with unique DNA methylation patterns. By integrating immunohistochemistry data with DNA methylation profiles, we found that the identified subgroups are tightly linked to the overexpression status of ERG, surpassing the ethnicity-related variations. Associating DNA methylation patterns with clinicopathological features and integrating this data with other molecular features, we are characterizing the molecular mechanisms underlying prostate tumorigenesis and health disparities. This study will pave the way to identify novel DNA methylation biomarkers and therapeutic targets linked to different prostate cancer subgroups.
Citation Format: Leonardo Gonzalez-Smith, Colton Stensrud, Claire Stevens, Jenaye Mack, Olumide Arigbede, Sarah G Buxbaum, Sara M. Falzarano, Suhn K. Rhie. DNA methylation signatures linked to different grades of prostate tumors from African American and European American patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C114.