bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additions à la bibliographie de Charles Porset sur les sciences du langage (1660-1818)
Authors: Dominicy Marc 
Published: June 2016

Marc Dominicy : Additions to Charles Porset's bibliography on language sciences, from port-royal to the ideologues (1660-1818).
The bibliography drawn up by Charles Porset (p. 11-95 in the volume La grammaire générale des Modistes aux Idéologues, ed. A. Joiy and J. Stéfanini, Publications of Lille University, 1977) is a precious tool which covers, for rééditions and critical sources, the long period from 1796, when Français Thurofs Tableau appeared, up to the early months of 1976. The supplementary bibliography published here gives all the titles known to us before January 1978 which, error apart, are not present in Porset's work.
Le prétexte anatomique
Authors: Delon Michel 
Published: June 2016

Michel Delon : The anatomical pretext.
Medical and marriage treatises (Venette, de Lignac) describe male and female sexual organs ; certain thought systems, often inherited from Antiquity, enabled them to account for similarities and differences, and form the basis for a theory of generation, and a social hierarchy. The dual trend to identification and différenciation can have different ideological functions. This article analyses these ambiguities and contradictions of classical anatomical descriptions, on the basis of its questions (who is decisive for procreation ? Who has the most pleasure ?), its hesitations (the role of female seminal fluid and the clitoris). It is no doubt in literature that the ideological presuppositions of such writings are best exposed (Diderot, Sade).
L'infraction didactique. Notes sur la Philosophie dans le boudoir
Authors: Garbouj Béchir 
Published: June 2016

Bechir Garbouj : Notes on the «philosophie dans le boudoir ».
A reflection on the Philosophie dans le boudoir as a didactic infraction of libertine code. Although written ten years after the 120 Journées de Sodome, it explains the latter's theoretical foundations, as the master libertine condescends to instruct his pupil. In this text, which is a parody of initiation, we see the formation of the libertine, whose stages of development are represented by the four main characters. This article explores the body, conserved in its perfect beauty by debauchery, and shows the importance of names, before the demonstration of functions. Finally, we see the importance of the pamphlet Français encore un effort ; the Philosophie dans le boudoir, profiting from the Revolution, brings the hitherto repressed body onto the public stage.
L'envoi des livres et des manuscrits de Diderot en Russie : quelques documents
Authors: Dulac Georges 
Published: June 2016

Georges Dulac : Diderot's books and manuscripts sent to Russia : some unpublished documents.
Two letters from Mme de Vandeul and several reports by Grimm (and annexed documents) throw light on the relations between the Diderot-Vandeul family, and the Empress and her Parisian «factotum » in 1784-5. We see in particular that the Vandeuls gave up D's manuscripts, after completing the collection, without any immediate profit. But, like D himself, they hoped to continue to enjoy the Empress's protection, via Grimm, to whom he had «bequeathed » his daughter. As for the manuscript collection, Grimm seems to have been worried by what Catherine II might find there ; he sent the piece on Princess Daschkoff directly to the Empress, accompanied by a commentary which shows his ambiguous attitude towards D. Finally, it is established that two catalogues were sent to Russia : one of the manuscript collection and the other of the books, drawn up in 1785 by a certain De Villière.
Lumières, franc-maçonnerie et politique dans les Etats des Habsbourg : les correspondants du comte Fekete
Authors: Michaud Claude 
Published: June 2016

Claude Michaud : Enlghtenment, freemasonry and politics in the Habsburg states. Count Fekete's correspondents.
A study of the letters received by count Janos Fekete, best known for his relations with Voltaire. The statistical analysis of these 763 letters compares the language used (German, Hungarian, French, Italian, Latin)-with «nationality », social class, sex, addressee, geographical origin of the letter, and time. We can thus trace the limits between 18th-century cosmopolitanism, the hegemony of French in the cultivated classes, the promotion of German as a vehicular language, and of Hungarian as vernacular, and the survival of Latin and Italian. The content of the letters allows us to discern a homogeneous enlightened aristocratic environment, convinced of the backwardness of the Habsburg state. Some, disappointed, retreated into Epicureanism. Others were convinced Freemasons, interested in politics, and supporters of Josephism. But after 1785 the consensus dissolved ; a number of Hungarian correspondents took part in the Hungarian revolt at the end of the reign, and some were involved in the «Jacobin » plot.
Les inédits de Rousseau et la campagne de presse de 1778
Authors: Moureau François 
Published: June 2016

François Moureau : Rousseau's unpublished works and the 1778 press campaign.
An investigation of press material written before and after Rousseau's death in 1778 has brought to light several versions of his unpublished works, in particular a possibly original and primitive version of the Preamble to the Confessions. The press campaign was conducted independently by the Correspondance littéraire and the Journal de Paris. The latter, by Rousseau's friends, notably O. de Corancez, tried to honour his memory by publishing the hitherto known, but unpublished, Mémoire de Février 1777, and the Preamble to the Confessions. Girardin suspected Corancez of having important manuscripts such as the Confessions in his care. This article sheds light on a mysterious moment in the posthumous destiny of Rousseau's works, and provides proof that other manuscripts of the Confessions existed in addition to those known today.
La chute d'une famille séfardie. Les Mendes da Costa de Londres
Authors: Perry Norma 
Published: June 2016

The decline of a sefardic family : mendes da costa of London.
The Mendeses and the da Costas, Portuguese Jews who came to London in the 1660 s. or earlier, developed into the most influential Anglo-Sephardic dynasty of the 18th century. One branch, however, met with financial ruin and disgrace : this was the family of John (Joseph) Mendes da Costa, whose three sons went bankrupt in 1726, incidentally losing Voltaire money he needed for his English visit. The bankruptcy proceedings, the wills of John and his wife Beatrice, the inventory of the latter's estate, and the letters of administration granted to the widow of one of the brothers, give the dues as to how and why the brothers went bankrupt, what the subsequent fate of the family was, and what Voltaire's relations with the Mendes da Costas seem to have been.
Un pionnier dans l'art de faire parler les sourds-muets : Jacob Rodrigue Péreire
Authors: Neher-Bernheim Renée 
Published: June 2016

A pioneer in the art of making deaf-mutes speak : Jacob Rodrigue Péreire.
Jacob R. Péreire (1715-80) was an eminent member of the Portuguese Jewish community in Paris. In addition to his activities in support of the Jews on the eve of the Emancipation, he was a distinguished scholar. He played a crucial part in the rehabilitation of deaf-mutes, an unknown art : deaf-mutes were thought to be possessed by the devil. Using methods that were both scientific and intuitive, Péreire accomplishes what at the time were considered true miracles. His pupils are presented along with him to Louis XV and at Cour and he arranges for their progress to be confirmed by the Académie des Sciences in Paris. Taking care of the handicapped was at that time the preserve of the clergy : it was quite exceptional for a Jew to be concerned with deaf-mutes. Péreire, at the end of his life, discovers a rival : the Abbé de l'Epée, who, as a priest, is supported by Louis XVI. He eclipses his predecessor and a «conspiracy of silence » is built up around the name of Péreire.
L'influence de la Révolution américaine sur les juifs d'Amérique
Authors: Sarna Jonathan D. 
Published: June 2016

The impact of the american revolution on american jews.
The American Revolution had an enormous impact on Jewish life in America. Wartime migrations changed the distribution of Jews in the colonies and created new social patterns. War also fostered economic mobility and ritual laxity. Many Jews considered the war an initiation rite, and having passed they demanded complete liberty and equality. While Protestant Dissenters supported some of these claims, they basically fought for no more than Protestant pluralism. Jews won most of their rights through the efforts of Enlightenment rationalists. In the wake of the Constitution, Jews sought to prove that they could be loyal and devoted citizens, even organizing their synagogues on democratic principles modelled on the Constitution. But though they displayed their patriotism conspicuously, and slavishly copied prevailing Protestant standards of behavior, they failed to win total acceptance.
Psychothérapie traditionnelle et hassidisme
Authors: Rausky Franklin 
Published: June 2016

Traditional psychotherapy and hasidism.
The dual character of the Enlightenment (as represented by rationalists and convulsionaries) is reflected in the Jewish community. Just as there is an institutionalised, environmental Jewish system of therapy, there is also a parallel therapy.
Hasidism as a system of faith-healing, precedes its existence as a theological movement with its own rites. In addition to its practical elements it represents a complex system of ideas where the new anatomy corresponds to a new relationship with the patient and with scientific knowledge. As the antithesis of the «classical » Jewish doctor who was often the vehicle of assimilation, the charismatic leader, embodying Justice, combines healing and initiation in a new symptomatology.
Les notables à la fin de l'Ancien Régime
Authors: Gruder Vivian 
Published: June 2016

Vivian R. Gruder : The Notables, and the political culture of the elite at
the end of the Ancien Regime.
The debate surrounding the Dismissal of the Controller general Calonne in April 1787 throws light on the political outlook of the elites in the late Ancien Regime. The Notables' appeal to public opinion revealed their beliefs about social relations and the limits of their political culture. Their demands that the nation counsel the King and participate in government (which stirred many to sympathize with open opposition to monarchical absolutism) were in fact claims for nobles and notables to share public authority with the Crown. This elitist conception of political power, muted in 1787, would become a more explicit and primary objective, with revolutionary consequences, two years later.
Expositions, peintres et critiques : vers l'image moderne de l'artiste
Authors: Becq Annie 
Published: June 2016

Annie Becq : Exhibitions, artists and critics ; towards the modern image of the artist.
A study of painting exhibitions, and the debate which they immediately provoked among artists and critics, indicates that the years 1780-1820 constituted a critical period. The spread of this phenomenon led to doubts at the end of the Old Regime ; during the Revolutionary period the breakingdown of artistic institutions (rapidly reestablished under the Empire) revealed the contradictions in which the modern artist was trapped on the eve of the industrial age (as can be seen in David's attempt at individual exhibitions). The artist was 'liberated' by the Academies and by the system of production for the market, which produced the rival and complementary images of the creative genius and the critic.
Irritabilité et magnétisme animal : une lettre inédite de J.-M.-A. Servan
Authors: Azouvi François 
Published: June 2016

François Azouvi : Irritability and animal magnetism : an unpublished letter
by Servan.
This unpublished letter, which dates probably from 1785 or 1786, comments on Tardy de Montravel's theses concerning magnetic somnambulism. In order to explain the facts presented by the magnetists, Servan proposes to use the theory of irritability, as revised by the Monpellier school. Servan — who had little confidence in 'systems' but wished to remain faithful to the facts — was seeking a middle way between credulity and scepticism.
Une lettre inédite de J.-J. Rousseau à Panckoucke
Authors: Canavaggio Perrine 
Published: June 2016

Perrine Canavaggio : An unpublished letter from J.J. Rousseau to C.J. Panckoucke.
This letter, which was sent by J.J. Rousseau to the book-seller and publisher C.J. Panckoucke on 28th April 1765, was recently discovered among the letters of a collecter. Only the second paragraph, included by Leigh in his edition of Rousseau's complete correspondence, was hitherto known. This document sheds a new light on the two men's disagreement soon after the publication of the Lettres de la Montagne.
Les souvenirs de Saint-John de Crèvecœur sur Mme d'Houdetot
Authors: Chevignard Bernard 
Published: June 2016

Bernard Chevignard : Saint-John de Crèvecœur's Homage to the countess d'Houdetot.
In 1813, shortly after the Countess d'Houdetot's death, Crevecœur devoted his last sketch (some fragments of which were published by Robert de Crèvecœur in 1883) to his memories of the d'Houdetot circle. Recently purchased by the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York, this manuscript briefly relates the Countess's life and death, before giving an autobiographical account of the years (1781-3) during which the influence of Mme d'Houdetot and her friends transformed the American Farmer into a French Consul. This text provides an insight into Crèvecœur's state of mind while writing the French version of his famous Letters.
Une ébauche du Préambule des Confessions
Authors: Moureau François 
Published: June 2016

François Moureau : A first draft of the Preamble to the «Confessions ».
In this addition to the article in D.H.S. , n° 12 (1980) and to L. Versini's note in R.H.L.F. (Jan-Feb. 1981, p. 98), the author here presents an original version of the second Preamble to Rousseau's Confessions. This page, written at Bourgoin and probably circulated by Rousseau himself like other authobiogra-phical tracts, is known to have existed immediately after Rousseau's death in 10 printed or manuscript forms.
L'avènement de la pomme de terre
Authors: Fink Béatrice 
Published: June 2016

Béatrice Fink : The coming of the potato.
This article traces the inroads of the potato in 18th-century French cuisine by examining relevant culinary and para-culinary texts, both on the factual level (development of potato recipes and processing, technological innovations) and on the level of textual sign (the potato as intersection of social, economic, scientific and gustatory discourses). Its use as an ersatz low-cost commodity in the latter part of the century can be explained by shortages and high price of wheat. The potato's promotion as a socially acceptable and humanitarian food is largely due to the efforts of pioneers such as Parmentier. Whether in the form of bread or of a subtly seasoned dish, it represents one of the French enlightenment's more noble conquests.
Albatros bouilli sauce piquante (Cap Horn, 1769)
Authors: Brahimi Denise 
Published: June 2016

Denise Brahimi : Boiled albatros in hot sauce (cape horn, 1769).
An account like that of Cook's voyages inevitably deals with problems of food — both the crew's and that of the peoples encountered. Cook is particularly interesting on account of his own personal curiosity in this field. He believed that we must accustom ourselves to eating the most varied dishes, even if we have to vary the way they are prepared. He attempted to remove all sorts of prejudices which lead to tabous in matters of food, but he nevertheless insisted that any society must forbid the consumption of human flesh. For the rest, he is open to all sorts of new flavours, and thus appears also as an explorer of new dishes.
Du thème alimentaire dans le roman
Authors: Lafon Henri 
Published: June 2016

Henri Lafon : The theme of food in the novel.
Between an ascetic tradition which considered it beneath the dignity of the novel, and a «philosophy » which was to discuss it at length, food imposes its presence in a whole series of 18th-century novels. By its presentation or preparation, food takes on a new importance. But it appears also in what is abnormal : when it is lacking or when it is consumed to excess. Nevertheless, the abnormal becomes more plausible. Food is of course more or less explicitly linked to sexual pleasure, as is particularly evident in the libertine novel ; Sade pushes this relationship to its extreme limit. Food, as a material substance coming from outside and modifying the subject, is still a disturbing element for the stable nature of the aristocratic world.
Le statut des anomalies dans la philosophie de Diderot
Authors: Ibrahim Annie 
Published: June 2016

Annie Ibrahim : The status of anomalies in Diderot's philosophy.
When discussing monstrous organisms, Diderot uses contemporary vocabulary ; however, the term «anomaly », although an anacronism, would be more exact, not in order to make him a «precursor » of teratology, but to emphasize the fact that for him monsters are the result of pure chance, accidental deviations, subject to no norms. Attempting to provide a materialistic and «vitalistic » theory of these disorders, Diderot proposes two metaphors ; games of chance and natural grafts are models for the formation of monsters, seen in turn as a prototype for the production of living beings. Diderot thus describes both art remodelling Nature while obeying its laws, and a medical Utopia developing the infinite possibilities of modification of living forms.
Voltaire polémiste ou l'art dans la mauvaise foi
Authors: Sareil Jean 
Published: June 2016

Jean Sareil : Voltaire as polemicist.
Voltaire is a polemicist : he carries the fight on the enemy's territory, and it is the accused who has to prove that he is not guilty. In order to make the reader laugh, he presents events from an incongruous, deeply subversive, point of view, which will be accepted because it is funny. The public will become the accomplice of the author and will understand all that is implied but not formulated in the attack. Consequently, Voltaire remains apparently innocent. Such a twisting is justified by the danger of the game. In the article «Gargantua » of the Dictionnaire philosophique, Voltaire assimilates Jesus to Gargantua and explains that to believe in Rabelais's hero is the best way to become rich and to secure ecclesiastical benefits.
D'Alembert et la théorie harmonique de Rameau
Authors: Escal Françoise 
Published: June 2016

Françoise Escal : Music and science. D'Alembert v. Rameau.
The scholastic tradition made a clear distinction between the art of composition and theoretical speculation ; Rameau for the first time tried to unify them. In his opinion, music is not an art but above all a science. Starting from Sauveur's discovery of the series of harmonics, Rameau proceeded to a mathematical rationalisation of the properties of sound. Harmony, which generates arithmetical, geometrical and harmonic proportions, thus becomes the model for other sciences and for arts based on calculation, such as architecture. Rameau soon identified musical harmony with universal harmony. D'Alembert opposed this all-embracing conception and in the Discours préliminaire to his Elements de musique..., took issue with each aspect of Rameau's theory and asserted the autonomy of art in relation to science.
«Homo sum... ». Un vers de Térence comme devise des Lumières
Authors: Delon Michel 
Published: June 2016

Michel Delon : Terence's "Homo sum..." as the enlightenment's motto.
Terence's dictum can be taken, as much as Kant's sapere aude, as a slogan of the Enlightenment. It is found in Dumarsais's Le Philosophe and defines the new philosophy as optimism, the development of a lay morality and a reconciliation of aesthetics and ethics. The Enlightenment's interpretation of this phrase is very different both from the pessimism of Montaigne and the classical moralists and from the Christian interpretation of classical antiquity. The quotation, which is frequently found in reflections on tragedy and the novel, enabled moral solidarity and aesthetic pleasure to be based on the idea of identification.
L'écriture féminine ? A propos de Marie-Jeanne Riccoboni
Authors: Piau-Gillot Colette 
Published: June 2016

Colette Piau : Marie-Jeanne Riccoboni and feminine writing.
Is there any difference between a feminine and a masculine literary style ? The 18th Century, following tradition, made a distinction between them, based on the concept of nature ; paradoxically, the same ambiguous affirmation is often made today. This analysis of the writings of M.-J. Riccoboni, a female imitator of Marivaux who was in turn imitated by male writers, attempts to throw light on the validity of such a distinction and to show the dangers of a myth which denies rationality to women and sensitivity to men.
État présent des recherches et perspectives
Authors: Andries Lise , Lüsebrink Hans-Jürgen 
Published: June 2016

Lise Andries and Hans-Jurgen Lüsebrink : Present state of research and
perspectives.
This introductory article, which is both a review of existing studies and an indication of research perspectives, lists five interconnected problems : theoretical models for studying popular literature and culture in modern Europe ; the main trends in the evolution of 18th-century popular literature ; the Bibliothèque bleue, at the heart of chapbook literature, on which research has hitherto been concentrated ; the interaction between learned and popular literature ; and finally perspectives for comparative studies. This comparative approach can be seen in several of the articles published here which discuss common themes (such as the brigand) and structures (e.g. the lament), and the differences between European popular literatures.
Trois lettres de J.-N. Delisle au comte de Plélo. L'exploration de la Sibérie
Authors: Benítez Miguel 
Published: June 2016

Miguel Benitez : Three unpublished letters from J.-N. Delisle to the comte de Plélo, concerning Siberian exploration.
Among the manuscripts collected by Voltaire on the history of Russia, there is a copy of three hitherto unpublished letters from J.N. Delisle in St. Petersburg to Plélo, the ambassador in Denmark. They date from 1732 and 1733, and concern Delisle's work on a general map of the Russian Empire, whose Siberian possessions were little-known. Delisle informs Plélo of the discoveries made on Bering's first voyage and of the departure of his second expedition. As he was mainly invited to Russia in order to set up the study of astronomy in this country, he tries, via Plélo, to obtain the observations of the Danish astronomer Horrebow, who had succeeded Roemer at the Copenhagen Observatory.
Condorcet et le problème de l'Histoire
Authors: Frick Jean-Paul 
Published: June 2016

Jean-Paul Frick : Condorcet and the problem of history.
Condorcet's Esquisse d'un tableau historique des progrès de l'esprit humain, generally seen as the first of the great philosophies of progress which flowered in the 19th Century, is also frequently criticised for its lack of methodological rigour. According to such criticisms, Condorcet was unable to put his novel project into action. But, by considering the work from the methodological point of view and by elucidating the presuppositions behind this project, we can see that the Esquisse is not simply an anticipation of future philosophies of history. We can thus legitimately speak of a misunderstanding concerning this work, which the present article attempts to rectify.