bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Severe Acute Systemic Infection
Authors: Cristea Sorina Alina , Catrinoiu Doina , Craciun L. R. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Background: The last International Diabetes Federation statement showed that in 2015, there were 415 million people diagnosed with diabetes and the expectation for 2040 is around 642 million people all over the world. Diabetes Mellitus is a disease associated with major negative consequences due to its acute and chronic complications with chronic hyperglycemia playing a major role.
Method: We are presenting a case of 52 year old male patient, known with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for 10 years without treatment due to personal decision, who was admitted through the Emergency Unit in Neurology Department for bilateral myalgia of hips and arms, proximal force deficiency of bilateral lower limbs, acute retention of urine, fever, simptomatology which started about 48 before admission. The suspected diagnosis was acute polyradiculoneuritis but the paraclinical investigations performed on Neurology Unit excluded it and evaluated the present disease as Acute Diabetic Neuropathy. Through the passing days, the patient developed paraplegia and major unbalanced glycemic control (although he received multiple rapid human subcutaneous insulin injection) so they’ve decided to transfer him into Diabetology Department. At the moment of admission into Diabetology Unit, the patient had high fever, superficial and deep sensitivity disorders, urethral catheter and no faeces for 7 days. We’ve continued our investigations and came with a positive diagnosis of Unballanced and Complicated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with insulin therapy, Parainfectious Acute Transverse Myelitis, Prostatic and Seminal Vesicles Abces with rectal fistula, Sepsis, Acute Retention of Urine, Urina Infection with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.
Conclusion: The diagnosis of Unballanced Diabetes Mellitus involves differential diagnosis due to lack of specific simptomatology in Diabetic Neuropathy and associated immune deficiency.
Effects of Foreign Direct Investments on Serbian Exporters′ Profitability
Authors: Domanović Violeta , Jovanović Sandra Stojadinović 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
For Serbia the efforts to attract investments from abroad came to the fore with the beginning of transition process. The process of ownership transformation in Serbia most often implied foreign direct investment inflows, because it included participation of foreign investors in purchase of domestic companies that had been the subject of privatisation. The subject of research in the paper is Serbian experience in attracting foreign capital into local export companies with special emphasis on their profitability. Aim of the paper is to estimate the profitability of leading Serbian exporters financed by foreign direct investments, i.e. to determine whether and to what extent foreign direct investments contributed to the increase of return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), as basic profitability measures. The results show that, in the case of Serbian exporters, the profitability varies, both per companies and per individual years. There is no general conclusion that foreign direct investments contributed to the ROA increase. On the contrary, ROA values significantly varied during this period. Either enormous increase or enormous decrease could be observed. The same goes for ROE values.
The First Steps Toward the Banking Union’s Implementation and Effects on the Eurozone Banking Sector
Authors: Kirova Silvia 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The banking union in Europe was proposed in 2012 as one of the key measures to address the structural weaknesses of the Economic and Monetary Union. It was introduced at a time of a serious regulatory overhaul of the financial sector in all developed parts of the world. Now that its implementation has started with the launch of the Single Supervisory Mechanism and the start of the Single Resolution Mechanism it is time to review what is the state of play of the elements of the banking union and to analyse the effects of its implementation on the Eurozone banking sector. The paper looks at each one of the pillars of the banking union. Then the author analyses the current state of the Eurozone banking sector and tries to identify how the introduction of the banking union has influenced on the developments within that sector. The paper argues that the Eurozone’s banking sector has become more stable, better capitalised and its risks more controlled than in 2008 but this is at the expense of profitability. The Eurozone banking sector continues to exhibit a high level of non-performing loans. In part, this can be attributed to the banking union and the challenges it poses to the banking sector.
Fiscal Stress Analysis in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Đurović-Todorović Jadranka , Đorđević Marina , Vuković Marija 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The goal is to examine the level of fiscal stress in the Republic of Serbia and to investigate whetherit suggests a crisis of public debt. The empirical analysis of annual data has been done for the period 2007 to 2014, in two cases: (i) charging indicators of the vulnerability boundaries to the fiscal crisis using the signal approach (ii) an assessment of whether the public debt is reduced at a satisfactory pace by applying the criterion of the operationalisation of debt. The resulting composite indicator points to a crisis of public debt in the Republic of Serbia. The investigation of fiscal and macrofinancial variables showed that the public sector and private sector (macro-financial side) have over-consumption followed the process of the accumulation of the public debt. The outputs suggest that the level of the public debt in 2016 is above the benchmarks, which means that there is a violation of the operationalisation of the debt criterion in 2014.
Business Model Innovation: How to Create Value in a Digital World
Authors: Zott Christoph , Amit Raphael 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
It is not only products or services that are becoming obsolete but also organizational processes and systems because they simply no longer create enough value. To seamlessly account for the digitalization of the business and the customer side, new ideas are mandatory, and the whole business model is increasingly becoming the new source of innovation. A new, smartly designed business model can increase the total value created for all stakeholders, including customers, partners and suppliers.
The three design elements that characterize a company’s activity system are content, structure and governance. Changing one or more of these elements means changing the entire model, and if the new business model is “new to the world” and not just “new to the company” it can be considered real business model innovation. Content, structure and governance can be highly interdependent; they need to be in line with value creation and capture the goals of the company, such as its revenue model.
Heating Process Characteristics and Kinetics of Biomass at Different Oxygen Concentrations
Authors: Cheng Xingxing , Xu Yilan , Li Junge , Wang Zhiqiang , Ma Chunyuan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Mass transfer is very important for the combustion of biomass fuels, especially pellets. The oxygen diffusion, which results in a nonuniform distribution of oxygen in the pellets, should be considered in the modeling of pellet combustion. In this study, the effect of oxygen on thermal degradation of biomass is studied by thermogravimetric (TG) experiments and then a kinetic model considering oxygen effect is developed. The fuels investigated are spruce, sophora, wheat straw, and peanut straw. TG curves are taken under different oxygen concentrations, ranging from 0 to 20 %. Oxygen concentration has little effect on the devolatilization but is critical for the behavior of char combustion. Reaction mechanism is proposed based on the observation of decomposition at different reaction conditions. The kinetic model consists of three devolatilization reactions (for cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and one char combustion reaction. In the devolatilization steps, char and gas are formed as products and oxygen is not involved in the reactions. A power law dependence of oxygen is assumed for the char combustion stage. The model parameters are fitted by the experimental TG data and good agreement is observed between the experimental and modeled data at various oxygen concentrations and for different biomass fuels. It is expected that the developed kinetic model could be applied for the modeling of pellets combustion considering oxygen diffusion process.
The Regional Heterogeneity of Productivity Determinants: Evidence from Ukrainian Firms
Authors: Cieślik Andrzej , Michałek Jan Jakub , Nasadiuk Iryna 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper studies the determinants of the total factor productivity (TFP) for Ukrainian firms in the manufacturing sector across macro-regions using recent micro-level datasets for 2013. Our empirical results show some degree of heterogeneity across Ukrainian macro-regions; in particular, the link between the total factor productivity, firm size, imports and the level of competition seems to be valid for all macro regions. However, the effects of private ownership status, capital intensity and exports seems to be region specific. In addition, we found no relationship between firm productivity and foreign ownership for any of the regions.
Matrix impact on the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of microfluidized nanofibrillated cellulose composites
Authors: Poyraz Bayram , Tozluoğlu Ayhan , Candan Zeki , Demir Ahmet 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This study reports on the effect of organic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and silica matrix on the properties of cellulose-based nanocomposites. Nanofibrillated cellulose was isolated from kraft pulp and treated with Pulpzyme HC 2500 enzyme prior to high-pressure homogenization in order to lower energy consumption. Three nanocomposite films were fabricated via the casting process: nanofibrillated cellulose, nanocellulose-PVA (NC-PVA) and nanocellulose-silica (NC-Si). Chemical characterization and crystallization were determined with FTIR. Thermal stability was investigated with thermogravimetric analysis. Morphological alterations were monitored with scanning electron microscopy. A universal testing machine and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis were used for determination of Young’s and storage moduli. The real and imaginary parts of permittivity and electric modulus were evaluated using an impedance analyzer. Considerable alterations were seen under FTIR. Thermal stability was lower in NC-Si than in NC-PVA due to lower crystallinity. Higher Young’s modulus and storage moduli were observed in NC-PVA than in NC-Si. NC-PVA exhibited a singular relaxation process, while a double relaxation process was seen in NC-Si. Consequently, the nanocomposite film prepared from the organic matrix (NC-PVA) had a mechanical advantage for industrial applications. However, neat NC composite revealed the highest storage modulus and thermal stability.
The Risks of Interrogation with the Help of an Interpreter in the Criminal Procedure
Authors: Hati Csilla 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
During the criminal procedure, the process of verification includes the reconstruction of past events for the sake of establishing the statement of facts. When it comes to exploring the events in the past, great significance can be attributed to personal evidence. In order to prevent the influencing of the interrogated person, many provisions of guarantee had been established in the criminal procedure. In such an interrogatory situation, the most difficult practical problem is how to word the question so that the interrogation would aim at the exploration of the mind of the witness or accused, and at the helping of the recalling of the memories. During the criminal procedure however, interrogation with the assistance of an interpreter could also result in the communication of the statements of the accused or the witness about their perceptions and original knowledge with modified contents. Another significant factor at interpreter-assisted interrogations is to avoid the will of either the interrogator or the interpreter being projected on the interrogated person, as that would threaten with the witness, the accused, or the interrogated person giving a confession that is different form their original content of consciousness.
Using Memrise in Legal English Teaching
Authors: Łuczak Aleksandra 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Memrise is an educational tool available both online and for mobile devices. Memrise uses flashcards and mnemonic techniques to aid in teaching foreign languages and memorizing information from other subjects, e.g. geography, law or mathematics. Memrise courses are created by its users through the process of crowdsourcing; therefore they are tailored to the individual needs of the users and may focus on the specific content of a particular coursebook or classes.
The paper will attempt to present possibilities of using memrise in teaching and learning legal English vocabulary during a tertiary course leading to TOLES (Test of Legal English Skills) certificate examination. The paper will look at various types of exercises which facilitate memorizing vocabulary, learning collocations, prepositional phrases, develop the skill of paraphrasing and defining legal terms of art in plain English. Application of the crowdsourcing method enables the learners to participate in the process of the course creation and constitutes for them a supplementary, out of class exposure to the target language.
The second part of the paper will discuss the results of the research conducted by the author among her law students. The aim of the research was to investigate the students′ opinions about memrise as a tool which might facilitate individual learning of the specialist language, as well as to assess whether memrise may influence the test results achieved by the students during the legal English course. The paper will contrastively analyse the progress tests results achieved by the students who have used memrise to revise and recycle language material and those who have chosen traditional (non-mobile) methods of learning. The research also attempted to address the question whether the students who had been the contributors to the content of memrise courses had performed better in tests than those who had only been the users.
Teaching Commercial Lawyers Language Aspects of Drafting Contracts in English
Authors: Stupnikova Lada V. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The article focuses on methods of teaching commercial lawyers, whose native language is not English, some linguistic aspects of drafting a contract in English. The author, whose principal occupation is teaching legal English, has created a Course on Language Aspects of English Contract for in-service lawyers. The course is aimed at teaching learners to understand and interpret English contracts written in traditional legal English (legalese) and help them develop some drafting and redrafting techniques taking into account the modern tendency growing in English speaking common law countries towards simplifying traditional legal English. A number of contracts written in different styles have been analysed, basic contract categories each characterised by certain operative words and phrases, have been established and terminology glossary have been compiled. The purpose of this paper is to present the course’s syllabi, outline and teaching methods.
Latin Legal Maxims in the Judgments of the Constitutional Tribunal in Poland
Authors: Szczygielski Krzysztof 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The article contains a list and brief characteristics of Latin legal maxims used in the judgments of the Constitutional Tribunal in Poland. Most of them were formulated by Roman jurists, some by medieval lawyers, and some by representatives of the modern science of law based on Roman law sources. They express universal and eternal ideas and are a significant element of the axiology of law. The presence of Latin legal maxims in the judgments of the Constitutional Tribunal demonstrates that Latin is an important element of the cultural heritage of ancient Rome and its knowledge is one of the essential tools in the workshop of a contemporary lawyer.
Compressive shape from focus based on a linear measurement model
Authors: Luo Ding , Längle Thomas , Beyerer Jürgen 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Estimation accuracy of conventional shape from focus techniques is strongly coupled with the number of images in the focal
stack, limiting the measurement speed. In this article, a novel compressive shape from focus scheme is proposed with an
exemplary algorithm based on modified Laplacian operator and principal component analysis. Simulation with synthetic focal
stacks have demonstrated comparable results to the conventional method. A test with 6 compressively captured images
achieves the same level of performance to that of the conventional method with 100 images. Several other focus measure
algorithms are also implemented and tested under the compressive scheme, which demonstrates the wide applicability of the
proposed method.
GNSS Positioning Performance Analysis Using PSO-RBF Estimation Model
Authors: Jgouta Meriem , Nsiri Benayad 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Positioning solutions need to be more precise and available. The most frequent method used nowadays includes a GPS receiver, sometimes supported by other sensors. Generally, GPS and GNSS suffer from spreading perturbations that produce biases on pseudo-range measurements. With a view to optimize the use of the satellites received, we offer a positioning algorithm with pseudo range error modelling with the contribution of an appropriate filtering process. Extended Kalman Filter, The Rao- Blackwellized filter are among the most widely used algorithms to predict errors and to filter the high frequency noise. This paper describes a new method of estimating the pseudo-range errors based on the PSO-RBF model which achieves an optimal training criterion. This model is appropriate of its method to predict the GPS corrections for accurate positioning, it reduce the positioning errors at high velocities by more than 50% compared to the RLS or EKF methods.
Measuring Volume Change Caused by Calcium Oxychloride Phase Transformation in a Ca(OH)2-CaCl2-H2O System
Authors: Qiao C. , Suraneni P. , Weiss J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Calcium oxychloride has been reported to form in cementitious materials when calcium chloride (CaCl2) solutions react with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]. In this study, Ca(OH)2 is mixed with CaCl2 solutions with concentrations of 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, and 30 % by weight, using a 1:1 M ratio of Ca(OH)2 to CaCl2. The Ca(OH)2-CaCl2 solution mixtures are subject to a cooling and heating cycle. Volume change is measured to quantify the phase transformation associated with calcium oxychloride. Low-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (LT-DSC) is used to construct a phase isopleth, which is used to quantify the phase transformation associated with calcium oxychloride. Hysteresis is observed in the volume-change measurement during the cooling–heating cycle. In a temperature range of 50°C to 0°C, the formation of calcium oxychloride is complete for the 20 %, 25 %, and 30 % CaCl2 solutions. The liquidus temperatures at which calcium oxychloride is expected to form from LT-DSC during heating match those from the volume-change measurements.
Пётр Чаадаев – Пролегомена к философии «России как периферийной империи»
Authors: Валицкий Анджей 
Published: April 2017

Punktem wyjścia rozważań Czaadajewa na temat Rosji była świadomość kontrastu pomiędzy wielkością kraju i brakiem wewnętrznego sensu jego istnienia, a także jego znikomym wkładem do powszechnej historii. Jego pojęcie Rosji jako tabula rasa, czyli kraju bez głęboko zakorzenionej tradycji, zostało przedstawione w Apologii obłąkanego jako uzasadnienie tezy o niespotykanych możliwościach odgórnej reformy. „Przywilej zacofania” opiera się na fakcie, że niezależny kraj o wykształconej elicie może korzystać ze skumulowanego doświadczenia w ludzkości i swobodnie wybrać ścieżki rozwoju, tworząc zagrożenie dla racjonalistycznego konstruktywizmu. Jednak program przezwyciężenia rosyjskiej peryferyjności poprzez podporządkowanie Imperium Rosyjskiego bezinteresownej służbie wielkiej uniwersalnej idei był obarczony niebezpieczeństwem państwa indoktrynacji, które stało się szczególnie widoczne w świetle doświadczeń autorytaryzmu XX wieku.
С. Л. Франк: „Чаадаев” (фрагмент из лекционного курса „Russische Denker”)
Authors: Цыганков Александр 
Published: April 2017

Ninijesza publikacja zawiera fragment (wraz z tłumaczeniem na język rosyjski) wykładu Franka wygłoszonego po niemiecku na Uniwersytecie w Berlinie. Fragment poświęcony jest osobie i filozofii Czaadajewa i stanowi część cyklu wykładów Franka zatytułowanego Russische Denker (Myśliciele rosyjscy). Oryginalny manuskrypt (jak dotąd niewprowadzony do obiegu) Franka znajduje się w Archiwum Bachmietiewa Uniwersytetu Columbia w Nowym Jorku. Jest to pierwsza publikacja tekstu Franka.
The Impact on Women on the Removal of Gender as a Rating Variable in Motor-Vehicle Insurance
Authors: Wagener Anthea Natalie 
Published: April 2017

Insurers use actuarial statistics as rating variables to differentiate and distinguish for the purposes of risk classification. They justify their use of actuarial statistics due to its accuracy as a predictor of risk. South African motor-vehicle insurers use gender, inter alia, as a rating variable to classify risks into certain classes and to determine insurance premiums. Depending upon whether the insured is male or female, it could have a significant impact on the cost of his or her premium. Women drivers pay less for motor-vehicle insurance because actuarial statistics indicate that women are more careful drivers and are involved in 20 per cent fewer accidents than men. Men pay higher premiums because the statistics indicate that they are less responsible drivers than women. Should a South African court decide that the use of gender as a motor-vehicle insurance rating variable is unfair discrimination, this would benefit male drivers, as it would lower their premium. Women, on the other hand, would be disadvantaged as they would be required to pay higher premiums to subsidise men. The article examines the impact that the removal of gender as a rating variable in motor-vehicle insurance would have on women, and asks if the effects thereof would influence a South African Court’s decision in determining if the use of gender as a rating variable amounts to unfair discrimination. The article first considers the findings of American and Canadian Courts in determining this same issue and then considers South African equality legislation, particularly the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 (“the Equality Act”). Thereafter, the article provides recommendations for a South African Court. As the Equality Act indicates that the discriminatory insurance practice of placing a disadvantage or advantage on persons based inter alia on their gender may possibly be unfair, it is suggested that South African insurers would have to consider alternative methods of risk assessment. In the light of the American and the Canadian case law, the article suggests that there should be a change of approach to insurance risk assessment. Rather than using gender as a rating variable the insurer could assess the risk of the individual insured, using appropriate, neutral rating variables suited to the particular circumstances of the insured. This would require a much more intensive and individualised risk evaluation and would require the insurer to “tailor-make” insurance for each individual. It is submitted that such an approach would give effect to the right to equality by disallowing the use of gender as a rating variable without producing the undesirable consequence that women drivers would have to subsidise men.