bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium fluoride induces hypertension and cardiac complications through generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of nuclear factor kappa beta
Authors: Oyagbemi Ademola Adetokunbo , Omobowale Temidayo Olutayo , Asenuga Ebunoluwa Racheal , Adejumobi Abiola Olumuyiwa , Ajibade Temitayo Olabisi , Ige Temitope Moses , Ogunpolu Blessing Seun , Adedapo Adeolu Alex , Yakubu Momoh Audu 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTHuman exposure to sodium fluoride through its daily usage is almost inevitable. Cardiovascular and renal dysfunction has been associated with fluoride toxicity. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanism of action of sodium fluoride (NaF) induced hypertension and cardiovascular complications Forty male albino rats of an average of 10 rats per group were used. Group A received clean tap water. Toxicity was induced in Group B to D by administering graded doses of NaF through drinking water ad libitum for 10 days at 150 ppm, 300 ppm, and 600 ppm concentration respectively. Following administration of NaF, there was significant increase in systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure. Markers of oxidative stress; malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, advance oxidation protein products, and protein carbonyl were significantly increased in dose‐dependent pattern in the cardiac and renal tissues of rats together with significant decrease in the GST activity in NaF‐treated rats compared to the control. Also serum markers of inflammation, cardiac, and renal damage including myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Creatinine kinase myocardial band (CK‐MB) significantly increased indicating induction of oxidative stress, renal, and cardiac damage after exposure. Histopathology of the kidney and heart revealed aberrations in the histological architecture in NaF‐treated rats. Also, immunohistochemistry showed higher expression of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF‐kB) in the cardiac and renal tissues of rats administered NaF. Combining all, these results indicate NaF‐induced hypertension through generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of renal and cardiac NF‐kB expressions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1089–1101, 2017.
Effect of wind and wave directionality on the structural performance of non‐operational offshore wind turbines supported by jackets during hurricanes
Authors: Wei Kai , Arwade Sanjay R. , Myers Andrew T. , Valamanesh Vahid , Pang Weichiang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRisk of hurricane damage is an important factor in the development of the offshore wind energy industry in the United States. Hurricane loads on an offshore wind turbine (OWT), namely wind and wave loads, not only exert large structural demands, but also have temporally changing characteristics, especially with respect to their directions. Waves are less susceptible to rapid changes, whereas wind can change its properties over shorter time scales. Misalignment of local winds and ocean waves occurs regularly during a hurricane. The strength capacity of non‐axisymmetric structures such as jackets is sensitive to loading direction and misalignment relative to structural orientation. As an example, this work examines the effect of these issues on the extreme loads and structural response of a non‐operational OWT during hurricane conditions. The considered OWT is a 5 MW turbine, supported by a jacket structure and located off the Massachusetts coast. A set of 1000 synthetic hurricane events, selected from a catalog simulating 100,000 years of hurricane activity, is used to represent hurricane conditions, and the corresponding wind speeds, wave heights and directions are estimated using empirical, parametric models for each hurricane. The impact of wind and wave directions and structural orientation are quantified through a series of nonlinear static analyses under various assumptions for combining the directions of wind and wave and structural orientation for the considered example structure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Efficacy of Intravenous Lidocaine for Thyroidectomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Choi Geun Joo , Kang Hyun , Ahn Eun Jin , Oh Jong In , Baek Chong Wha , Jung Yong Hun , Kim Jin Yun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundSystemic lidocaine has analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects. The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double‐blind study was to evaluate the effects of intravenous lidocaine on pain following thyroidectomy.MethodsFifty‐eight adult patients scheduled for total thyroidectomy were randomly allocated to receive a 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine bolus followed by a 2 mg/kg/h infusion during surgery, or the same volume of normal saline (control). After thyroidectomy, we evaluated postoperative pain, nausea, fentanyl consumption, frequency of pushing the button (FPB) for patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA), High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) in serum, and patient satisfaction scores regarding the recovery process.ResultsPostoperative pain and nausea scores were significantly lower in the lidocaine group for the first 4 h following thyroidectomy, compared to the control group. Fentanyl consumption and FPB for the PCA were also significantly reduced in the lidocaine group for 4 h following thyroidectomy, and hs‐CRP was significantly less in the lidocaine group at postoperative days 1 and 3. Furthermore, satisfaction scores were significantly higher in the lidocaine group compared to the control group.ConclusionsIntravenous lidocaine effectively reduced postoperative pain and nausea following thyroidectomy as well as improved the quality of recovery. Trial registration number: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01608360.
Microstructural Analysis of Orientation-Dependent Recovery and Recrystallization in a Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel Deformed by Compression at a High Strain Rate
Authors: Zhang Zhenbo , Zhang Yubin , Mishin Oleg V. , Tao Nairong , Pantleon Wolfgang , Juul Jensen Dorte 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The evolution of the microstructure and texture during annealing of a modified ferritic/martensitic 9Cr-1Mo steel compressed by dynamic plastic deformation (DPD) to a strain of 2.3 has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. It is found that the duplex 〈111〉 + 〈100〉 fiber texture formed by DPD is transformed during annealing to a dominant 〈111〉 fiber texture, and that crystallites of the 〈111〉 component have an advantage during both nucleation and growth. Detailed characterization of the microstructural morphology, and estimation of the stored energies in 〈111〉- and 〈100〉-oriented regions in deformed and annealed samples, as well as investigations of the growth of recrystallizing grains, are used to analyze the annealing behavior. It is concluded that recrystallization in the given material occurs by a combination of oriented nucleation and oriented growth.
Mechanical performance of date palm fibre-reinforced gypsums
Authors: Al-Rifaie Wail N. , Al-Niami Maamoon 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The present work examines the properties of gypsum reinforced with palm fibres, as a low-cost construction material. Panels of 500 × 500 × 20/25 mm were fabricated and tested for impact strength, compressive strength and flexural strength. The results are compared with those made from fibreglass-reinforced gypsum.
Design of a rotor blade tip for the investigation of dynamic stall in the transonic wind-tunnel Göttingen
Authors: Lütke B. , Nuhn J. , Govers Y. , Schmidt M. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe aerodynamic and structural design of a pitching blade tip with a double-swept planform is presented. The authors demonstrate how high-fidelity finite element (FE) and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations are successfully used in the design phase. Eigenfrequencies, deformation, and stress distributions are evaluated by means of a three-dimensional (3D) FE model. Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations are compared to experimental data for a light dynamic stall case atMa= 0.5,Re= 1.2 × 106. The results show a very good agreement as long as the flow stays attached. Tendencies for the span-wise location of separation are captured. As soon as separation sets in, discrepancies between experimental and numerical data are observed. The experimental data show that for light dynamic stall cases atMa= 0.5, a factor of safety ofFoS= 2.0 is sufficient if the presented simulation methods are used.
COMPUTABILITY AND THE CONNES EMBEDDING PROBLEM
Authors: GOLDBRING ISAAC , HART BRADD 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Connes Embedding Problem (CEP) asks whether every separable II1 factor embeds into an ultrapower of the hyperfinite II1 factor. We show that the CEP is equivalent to the statement that every type II1 tracial von Neumann algebra has a computable universal theory.
DEEP CLASSES
Authors: BIENVENU LAURENT , PORTER CHRISTOPHER P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA set of infinite binary sequences ${\cal C} \subseteq 2$ℕ is negligible if there is no partial probabilistic algorithm that produces an element of this set with positive probability. The study of negligibility is of particular interest in the context of ${\rm{\Pi }}_1^0 $ classes. In this paper, we introduce the notion of depth for ${\rm{\Pi }}_1^0 $ classes, which is a stronger form of negligibility. Whereas a negligible ${\rm{\Pi }}_1^0 $ class ${\cal C}$ has the property that one cannot probabilistically compute a member of ${\cal C}$ with positive probability, a deep ${\rm{\Pi }}_1^0 $ class ${\cal C}$ has the property that one cannot probabilistically compute an initial segment of a member of ${\cal C}$ with high probability. That is, the probability of computing a length n initial segment of a deep ${\rm{\Pi }}_1^0 $ class converges to 0 effectively in n.We prove a number of basic results about depth, negligibility, and a variant of negligibility that we call tt-negligibility. We provide a number of examples of deep ${\rm{\Pi }}_1^0 $ classes that occur naturally in computability theory and algorithmic randomness. We also study deep classes in the context of mass problems, examine the relationship between deep classes and certain lowness notions in algorithmic randomness, and establish a relationship between members of deep classes and the amount of mutual information with Chaitin’s Ω.
Decaying ofArtemia salinain clay colloids: 14-month experimental formation of subfossils
Authors: Naimark Elena B. , Kalinina Maria A. , Shokurov Alexander V. , Markov Alexander V. , Boeva Natalia M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe mechanism that guides the formation of exceptionally preserved fossils with soft tissues variously displayed is a paramount challenge to paleontology. The key question for exceptional preservation is the nature of the slowdown of decay and acceleration of soft tissue mineralization. Here we report the experimental formation of subfossils of the brine shrimpArtemia salina(Crustacea, Branchiopoda), which were produced during 14 months of aging in a kaolinite clay sediment. EDS/SEM elemental analyses showed that the subfossils were preserved as thin clay-organic replicas that displayed fine anatomical details. Decomposition in the clay-colloidal solution established highly heterogeneous acidic conditions, with the lowest pH typically found in the vicinity of the buried organisms, and visually manifested in patchy coloration of the sediment. Elevated acidity is likely what ultimately slowed the decay. An acidic environment increases the rate of clay destruction and, consequently, the diffusion rate decline. As a result, the acidic products quickly accumulate around a buried body; this in turn inhibits bacterial proliferation, accelerates the acidic hydrolysis of clay and, accordingly, the release of tanning and mineralizing agents. The subfossils remained stable under experimental high pressure and temperature. These model subfossils exhibit features that are typical of some Lagerstätten fossils preserved in fine-grained sediments.
Fretting in the Light of Aircraft Experience
Authors: Walker P. B. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryFretting is examined in its engineering aspects and then considered on a more theoretical basis. The mechanism of fatigue initiation by fretting is discussed, and also some of the methods proposed for the prevention of fretting. Some attention is also given to the fatigue life of joints when fretting does not occur. The difficulties that have been encountered in understanding fretting and assessing its consequences are thought to have a rather special significance. It is considered that there is now sufficient knowledge to put the whole subject tentatively on a rational basis, but more research is required to remove some of the uncertainties that still remain.
Design of Transparencies
Authors: Przemieniecki J. S. 
Published: July 2016

Summary:—A study of engineering problems encountered in the design of transparencies for supersonic aircraft is presented with a special emphasis on the effects of kinetic heating. The paper is written primarily with optical transparencies in mind but many of the general principles discussed are equally applicable to the design of radomes for elevated temperature applications.The first parts of the paper consider briefly the methods of calculating temperature distribution in transparent panels subjected to kinetic heating (or cooling) and this leads naturally to discussion of the effects of the non-uniform temperature distribution, differential expansion and the edge restraints preventing thermal deformations. Methods of calculating thermal stresses are suggested through the concept of the “ self-equilibrating ” temperature distribution; the main attention, however, being concentrated on the derivation of simple engineering formulae rather than on the mathematical rigour of the solution.The choice of design cases for combined pressure and thermal loading is considered and it is shown that, in general, deceleration manoeuvres combined with outward pressure constitute the design criteria for transparencies. The effects of various parameters on the magnitude of thermal stresses are analysed; these include the effects of altitude, temperature, deceleration and material properties. It is shown that, for given material and panel geometry, the thermal stresses depend mainly on the following parameters: total temperature change, acceleration (or deceleration), and the Biot number based on the panel thickness.Practical design aspects are also considered, such as choice of materials, strength, panel geometry, mounting of panels and the fail-safe design. Finally, testing of transparencies under pressure and thermal loading is briefly discussed, together with possible methods of strain measurements, and a tentative proving procedure for transparencies is suggested.
Some Practical Aspects of Kinetic Heating Calculations
Authors: Bore C. L. 
Published: July 2016

This paper is concerned primarily with some of the practical difficulties encountered in connection with the prediction of kinetic heating temperatures. Attention will be concentrated upon methods for estimating temperatures and heat transfer rates for practical aircraft designed to fly at Mach numbers up to about five.One factor common to all kinetic heating calculations is the variation of temperature through the thickness of the boundary layer, with consequent variation of viscosity. At Mach numbers above about 3, these temperature variations also lead to considerable variations of other properties of air—which are commonly assumed to remain constant—even in classical compressible flow aerodynamics. These factors complicate the aerodynamic equations.
Icing Flight Development
Authors: Cheverton B. T. 
Published: July 2016

The aircraft designer must clearly ensure that his aircraft will fly in all climatic conditions normally to be expected. Over and above this, aircraft must be able to cope with a change in weather also.Since the last war, research into the problem of ice accretion on aircraft has done much to widen understanding of this serious flying hazard. In the flight testing and development of ice protection systems for aircraft, however, one of the principal difficulties encountered is that of finding natural icing conditions sufficiently uniform through which to fly the test aircraft. Because of this it has been found more profitable not to seek natural conditions, but instead to fly in clear air at temperatures below 0°C, while spraying the test surface from a water spray rake fitted to the test aircraft.
Iterative Solutions of the Equations Jor Plane Oblique Shock Waves
Authors: Collar A. R. 
Published: July 2016

If a plane oblique shock wave, inclined to the free stream at the angle ε, is produced in two-dimensional supersonic flow of Mach number M by (for example) a wedge which deflects the flow through an angle δ, the equation connecting these quantities may be writtenIn this form, δ is given explicitly when M, ε are fixed. Similarly, we may obtain M explicitly when ε, δ are fixed; equation (1) may be written (see, for example, Liepmann and Puckett, Equation 4.27)
MISLEADING APPEARANCES IN THE TORT OF DECEIT
Authors: Murphy John 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article explores certain key features of the tort of deceit which, if looked at only superficially, are apt to mislead as to the gist, nature, and province of this tort. In particular, the article addresses three main issues. The first is the way in which the reliance test used in this tort comes apart from a simple (more familiar) test of causation, and why this has important theoretical ramifications. Secondly, the article seeks to reveal the true gist and province of this tort. In this regard, it is argued that it is a mistake – made by many – to suppose that the infliction of economic loss forms the gist of deceit. Instead, it is suggested that the tort is better seen as being rights-based and that, consequently, it ought not to be seen as a specifically economic tort, but rather as one which protects the victim's decision-making autonomy. Lastly, the article unearths the juristic explanation for the curious fact that, in the tort of deceit, the operation of the contributory negligence defence is excluded while the mitigation principle is applied openly. (The incoherence here inheres in the fact that both these principles are animated by the self-same concern: a desire to exclude the recovery of losses that are attributable to an unreasonable lack of self-regard on the part of the claimant.) The juristic explanation I unearth is then subjected to critical analysis in the course of which I suggest that we ought not to confuse explanation with justification. I conclude that there is no sound reason of principle to exclude the operation of the contributory negligence defence in this tort.
Management of airway obstruction with nebulised adrenaline resulting in takotsubo cardiomyopathy: case report
Authors: Keshtkar F , Dale O T , Bennett W O , Hall C E 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground:Takotsubo cardiomyopathy has been associated with the use of catecholamines; however, its development after the use of nebulised adrenaline for the management of acute airway obstruction has not previously been described.Case report:A 66-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, with tumour–node–metastasis staging of T3N2cM0, confirmed by biopsy and computed tomography, presented to the emergency department with acute airway obstruction. He was treated twice with nebulised adrenaline and intravenous dexamethasone. After a period of 24 hours, cardiac rhythm changes were noted on telemetry. A 12-lead electrocardiogram showed widespread T-wave inversion and QT prolongation suggestive of an acute coronary syndrome. Coronary angiography demonstrated no coronary artery disease, but left ventricular angiography showed marked apical ballooning and apical wall akinesia consistent with a diagnosis of takotsubo cardiomyopathy.Conclusion:Takotsubo cardiomyopathy can mimic true ischaemic heart disease and the diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion in patients managed with nebulised adrenaline.
Spontaneous bilateral and concurrent cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea: case presentation and literature review
Authors: Tikka T , Opeodu A , Irving R , Murphy J 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground:Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea is a rare entity. Only a few cases of spontaneous bilateral cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea have been reported. In all cases, there was a definite time interval between the two (left and right) presentations.Objectives:To raise awareness and report on the very rare entity of bilateral spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea.Case report:This paper reports the case of a bilateral, synchronous, spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea in a 44-year-old female. The patient had grommets surgically inserted on two separate occasions for treatment of otitis media with effusion, and received several courses of oral and topical antibiotics. Five years following the patient's initial presentation, a suspicion of concurrent bilateral cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea was raised. The otorrhoea sample collected proved to be cerebrospinal fluid. Cross-sectional imaging revealed bilateral defects in the tegmen tympani of the skull base. She underwent staged middle fossa craniotomies to repair the defects.Conclusion:Careful observation of the middle-ear fluid characteristics following myringotomy can allow for prompt diagnosis.
Extended negative impact of secondary infrastructure on the high conservation values of sparsely developed areas
Authors: Morán-López Ricardo , Sánchez Guzmán Juan M. , Perales Casildo Alejandra Bettina , Tolosa Óscar Uceda 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlthough there is increasing evidence for the effects on wildlife of primary infrastructure (paved roads and human settlements), the effect of secondary infrastructure (tracks and isolated buildings) is generally assumed to be low in sparsely developed areas. We hypothesized that secondary infrastructure may have a negative effect similar to that of primary infrastructure, and hence may be the source of extended impacts in landscapes that are otherwise relatively undisturbed. We studied multi-year breeding site data for a community of large birds (raptors and storks) in the Monfragüe Biosphere Reserve, in the south-west Iberian Peninsula. Using a bootstrap model selection approach we modelled the distribution of breeding sites, using as predictors measures of habitat accessibility (relief, hydrography) and various types of infrastructure (primary and secondary) at different scales. Distance effect functions were developed. Secondary infrastructure exerted a negative effect on breeding sites that was equivalent to that of primary infrastructure, in terms of both transport (track vs road) and dwellings (scattered vs aggregated). The negative effect was distance (rather than density) mediated, and remained within the 1 km scale. The potential impact of secondary infrastructure is greater than that of primary infrastructure as it occupies more extensive areas and includes richer communities, with significant proportions of threatened populations. Our results contradict common assumptions about the negligible impact of secondary infrastructure on biodiversity, reveal new challenges for biodiversity conservation, and provide insights relevant for the spatial planning of isolated buildings and tracks in sparsely developed areas with species of conservation interest.