bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les périphrases verbales « venir a/llegar a + VINF » et leur rôle en discours : une approche dialogique
Authors: Lhafi Sandra 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Based on the « dialogisme » theory developed by Jacques Bres, this paper focuses on the pragmatic effects produced by the use of Spanish verbal periphrases, particularly by the use of « llegar a + infinitive » versus « venir a + infinitive ». It also takes into consideration the characteristics of each auxiliary within the respective periphrasis. With the ongoing process of grammaticalization leading to periphrases, some spatial semantic elements are retained by the auxiliary and the preposition a, which contribute to the utterance-construction. In fact, the respective auxiliary operates as an indicator of the type of relations between the major utterance (E) and the minor ones (e) convoked by the major utterer E1. The analysis of over a thousand authentic examples taken from two corpora of the database Sketch Engine, as well as the classification of the verbs preferably appearing in the infinitive position allows a more precise description of both periphrases. By restricting the analysis to one « shared » infinitive verb (decir), we focus on different pragmatic effects, showing that « venir a + decir » and « llegar a + decir » involve a different type of argumentation. By choosing llegar, E1 indicates that it rejects the minor utterer e1 without providing any rational arguments ; by choosing venir, (a) E1 indicates that it rejects one anterior (e) – effectively produced by e1 – and introduced by « venir a decir » or (b) E1 mentions it rejects a series of minor utterances by providing an exaggerated synthesis the verbal periphrasis introduces. It is a synthesis built by E1 but presented as summarizing a series of minor utterances (e) attributed to e1 utterer. The aim is to dismiss the other’s statements by summarizing them in a magnifying trait synthesis.
Un’epistola in versi di Raimon de Cornet contro la decadenza morale del clero
Authors: Cura Curà Giulio 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In two of his letras Raimon de Cornet offers a vivid satirical description of the worldly-minded life of clergy, proposing moral and educational purposes. Particularly, in A sels que vol, here published, the author satirizes prelates. The new critical edition has represented the opportunity for a thorough examination of this work: the author, even though he maintains his own originality, shows his indebtedness to previous century’s Provençal literature – both in subjects and in form, of which we propose, here for the first time, a critically based analysis –, but also to medieval Latin tradition.
En los albores de un cambio lingüístico: factores condicionantes y fases en la inserción del artículo en relativas oblicuas del siglo XVIII
Authors: Blas Arroyo José Luis , Vellón Lahoz Javier 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Based on a corpus of ego-documents (mainly private letters) from the 18th century, we offer the results of a variationist analysis about the insertion of the article in relative clauses headed by preposition («la casa en (la) que...»). The data show that, despite the remarkable vitality that still enjoys the form without the article (almost categorical in the Golden Age Spanish), several contexts begin to favor the diffusion of the innovative variant in that seminal period. As usual in early stages of language change, the explanatory hierarchy begins with structural factors, several among which are selected as significant by the regression analysis. Nevertheless, the selection of time as well as some distributions in the social and stylistic axes of variation allow us to guess the existence of various phases in this incipient change. The first one, developed throughout the first half of the century, is set up as a spontaneous change from below, at the request of the subaltern classes, the younger people, and the most spontaneous contexts. However, towards the end of the century, this change seems to have been stabilized and even reversed in some way, driven now by the privileged classes, who favor the return to the old variant.
Un análisis contrastivo de los vocativos en español y en alemán
Authors: Siebold Kathrin , Larreta Zulategui Juan Pablo 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Vocatives play an important role for establishing and maintaining social contacts in human communication. Given the functional and formal diversity in their culture-specific realisation, this study, based on two spoken corpora of everyday conversations in Spanish and German, compares the use of different types of vocatives in these two languages, especially from a pragmatic and sociolinguistic point of view. Firstly, we present a brief review on the communicative functions of vocatives and describe the tertium comparationis, the methodology and the corpora used for this study. Then, we compare the frequency of Spanish and German vocatives in different conversational settings. What emerges is greater tendency to use vocatives in the Spanish data, especially for reinforcing social contact within the conversations. As far as the variation of vocative-forms is concerned, this contrastive analysis reveals different pragmatic and sociolinguistic functions of last-name-vocatives, endearment-terms and the use of the pronouns tú and du, whereas both languages share the proclivity to recur to vocatives for attenuating face threatening speech acts.
Revisiting the history of Tuscan consonants: the type stùpito ‘stupid’ (< stupĭdu(m))
Authors: Carlucci Alessandro 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This article fills a gap in the existing descriptions of Italo-Romance diachronic phonology. It does so by offering a geographical and historical account of the emergence of voiceless stops replacing etymological voiced stops in the final syllable of proparoxytones, as in the widespread Tuscan variant stùpito ‘stupid’. Within a broadly-defined Labovian framework, this development is discussed according to two main options: as due to finely-conditioned articulatory processes, typical of the initial stages of regular sound change, or as a case of lexically sporadic, substitutive change. The second option is tentatively favoured, also on the basis of the possible links to another change – the much debated, irregular voicing of intervocalic /p/, /t/ and /k/.
Appunti sulla storia lessicale di caffè
Authors: Schweickard Wolfgang 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Until the 16th century, the European words for ‘coffeeʼ reflect exclusively the Arabic and Turkish type qahwa / kahve. The first Italian – and at the same time the earliest European – record appears in 1579 (cava) in the Viaggio da Creta in Egitto ed al Sinai of Filippo Pigafetta. From the 17th century onwards, the type It. caffè, Fr. café, Germ. Kaffee, Engl. coffee, which today is predominant all over Europe, begins to make its way. Phonetically, the genesis of the voiceless variants in Western Europe is possible on the basis of both the Turkish and the Arabic model.
The Oxidative Stress Response in Caenorhabditis elegans Requires the GATA Transcription Factor ELT-3 and SKN-1/Nrf2
Authors: Hu Queenie , D’Amora Dayana R , MacNeil Lesley T , Walhout Albertha J M , Kubiseski Terrance J 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species is believed to be a major contributor to age-associated diseases. Previously, we characterized the Caenorhabditis elegans Brap2 ortholog (BRAP-2) and found that it is required to prevent larval arrest in response to elevated levels of oxidative stress. Here, we report that C. elegans brap-2 mutants display increased expression of SKN-1-dependent, phase II detoxification enzymes that is dependent on PMK-1 (a p38 MAPK C. elegans ortholog). An RNA-interference screen was conducted using a transcription factor library to identify genes required for increased expression of the SKN-1 target gst-4 in brap-2 mutants. We identified ELT-3, a member of the GATA transcription factor family, as a positive regulator of gst-4p::gfp expression. We found that ELT-3 interacts with SKN-1 to activate gst-4 transcription in vitro and that elt-3 is required for enhanced gst-4 expression in the brap-2(ok1492) mutant in vivo. Furthermore, nematodes overexpressing SKN-1 required ELT-3 for life-span extension. Taken together, these results suggest a model where BRAP-2 acts as negative regulator of SKN-1 through inhibition of p38 MAPK activity, and that the GATA transcription factor ELT-3 is required along with SKN-1 for the phase II detoxification response in C. elegans.
Bolívar y Ataturk. Ataturk y Bolívar.
Authors: Nweihead Kaldone G. 
Published: June 2017

Se establece una ecuación para reflexionar sobre dos líderes históricos que se constituyeron en figuras cumbre en los procesos de construcción y liberación de sus patrias. Se analiza el pensamiento político y militar en contexto histórico, así como al genio y al ser humano.
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk 1881-1938. Biografía y pensamiento
Authors: Necati-Kutlu Mehmet 
Published: June 2017

Este ensayo propone un recorrido por la biografía intelectual de Mustafá Kemal, desde sus años de formación hasta convertirse en Ataturk, "Padre de los turcos" Se analiza su participación como jefe del estado mayor en los grandes retos políticos y militares de su patria y cómo se gestó su participación decisiva en la constitución de la Turquía moderna.
Porous and Nanoporous Semiconductors and Emerging Applications
Authors: Föll Helmut , Carstensen Jürgen , Frey Stefan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPores in single crystalline semiconductors can be produced in a wide range of geometries and morphologies, including the “nano” regime. Porous semiconductors may have properties completely different from the bulk, and metamaterials with e.g. optical properties not encountered in natural materials are emerging. Possible applications of porous semiconductors include various novel sensors, but also more “exotic” uses as, e.g. high explosives or electrodes for micro fuel cells. The paper briefly reviews pore formation (including more applied aspects of large area etching), properties of porous semiconductors and emerging applications.
Synthesis conditions of ordered mesostructured boron nitride prepared from borazinic precursors and CMK-3 carbon template
Authors: Dibandjo Philippe , Bois Laurence , Chassagneux Fernand , Vuillermoz A. , Miele Philippe 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe preparation of ordered mesoporous boron nitride by using borazinic precursors as boron nitride source (tri(methylamino)borazine (MAB) and tri(chloro)borazine TCB) and a mesoporous carbon CMK-3 as template is reported. A template elimination performed by hydrogenation allows to obtain an organized porous structure. The X-ray diffraction, TEM and pore size analysis show that the structure of the BN molecular sieves synthesized from CMK-3 consists in a 2D regular array of uniform mesopores of 3.4 nm in diameter.
Reversible Strain in Porous Metals Charged in Electrolytes
Authors: Kramer Dominik , Viswanath Raghavan Nadar , Parida Smrutiranjan , Weissmüller Jörg 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNanoporous metal samples with millimetre size were prepared either by compacting nanocrystalline powders or by dealloying, the dissolution of the less noble metal(s) of an alloy. The samples were immersed in an electrolyte, and their length was measured as a function of the applied potentialin-situin a dilatometer. The results obtained for nanocrystalline platinum, nanoporous gold and for gold platinum alloys show that the length varies in dependence of the surface charge. The strain amplitude of nanocrystalline platinum was 0.15%, and even larger strains have been measured using an Au-Pt alloy. This strain is comparable to commercial piezoceramics, but it is achieved using smaller voltages.The strain measured for nanoporous gold prepared by dealloying was smaller than that mainly due to the larger structure size (20 nm structure size compared to 6 nm Pt crystallite size), but in the case of gold, it was possible to prepare stable composite structures of a metal foil and of the nanoporous gold. If such a bimetallic foil is charged, it is found to bend. Due to the mechanical amplification of the contraction or expansion of the nanoporous part of the foil, it was possible to observe the effect of electric charges on the surface stress of metals directly with the naked eye for the first time.These results demonstrate that nanoporous metals might be useful for actuator applications and for the study of surface strain effects. Furthermore, they are the first realization of a general concept that suggests that most of the properties of conducting nanomaterials can be tuned by controlling the surface charge.
Structural Changes of Bimetallic PdX/Cu (1-X) Nanocatalysts Developed for Nitrate Reduction of Drinking Water
Authors: Xu Huiping , Twesten Ray , Guy Kathryn , Shapley John , Werth Charles , Frenkel Anatoly , Johnson Duane , Yang Judith 
Published: June 2017

AbstractReductive removal by hydrogeneration using supported Pd/M (M= Cu, Pt, Ag, Co, Fe, Mo, Ni, Rh, Ir, Mn and Cr) bimetallic catalysts has emerged as a promising alternative for nitrate removal in drinking water [1]. Fundamental understanding how the atomic arrangement of Pd and a second element, such as Cu, affect the activity nitrite reduction and selectivity of dinitrogen will be accomplished by coordinated synthesis (Shapley), activity/selectivity/efficiency measurements (Werth) and nanostructure determination (Yang & Xu). In this paper, we report a systematic study of novel polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilized nanoscale Pd-Cu colloids, with homogeneous and narrow size distribution, with Pd: Cu ratios varying from 50:50 to 90:10. Initial measurements on catalytic activity for nitrate reduction demonstrated a dependence on the relative composition. Electron microscopy studies, including Z-contrast imaging [2], energy-dispersive X-ray emission (EDX), electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), revealed a surprising change in structure at the 80:20 Pd-Cu composition, where, with less than 80% Pd,the nanoparticle forms a core-shell structure but for nanoparticles containing 80% or more Pd, it is homogeneous. We are at the pivotal point of directly correlating these nano-structures with the catalytic activity. Such an understanding is essential for the efficient development of catalysts for the purification of drinking water.
Gas Sensing Properties of Tin Oxide Powder Synthesized in the Presence of Surfactants
Authors: Jain Kiran , Srivastava A.K. , Saxena R.K. , Ramesh K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNanocrystalline tin oxide powder was prepared using a solution precipitation technique after adding the surfactant sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT). Powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area (BET) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The gas sensitivity for surfactant added powders increased for liquid petroleum gas (LPG) as well as compressed natural gas (CNG), due to the decreased particle size and the increased surface area. The LPG gas sensitivity increased several times using phosphorus treated surfactant AOT.
Synthesis of Tin Oxide Nanoparticles Using a Mini-arc Plasma Source
Authors: Lu Ganhua , Chen Junhong , Gajdardziska-Josifovska Marija 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMiniaturized electronic noses to rapidly detect and differentiate trace amount of chemical agents are extremely attractive. Use of tin oxide nanoparticles as sensing elements has been proved to significantly improve both the response time and the sensitivity of gas sensors or electronic noses. In this paper, we report the synthesis of pure tin oxide nanoparticles using a simple, convenient, and low-cost mini-arc plasma source. The nanoparticle size distribution is measured online using a scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (SEMS). The product nanoparticles are analyzed ex-situ by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) for morphology, crystal structure, and defects. Non-agglomerated rutile tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles as small as a few nm have been produced, with rounded shapes and some faceting on the lowest energy surfaces.
Nanomagnetic Ni-Array in Porous Silicon as a Possible Magnetic Field Sensor in the High Field Range up to 7 T
Authors: Granitzer P. , Rumpf K. , Krenn H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA highly doped n-type silicon wafer is anodized in an aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution to generate a porous silicon skeleton with a convenient morphology. After drying, the mesoporous sample is exposed to an electrodeposition process in which the pores are filled with the ferromagnetic metal Ni. Anodization and deposition of Ni lead to a ferromagnetic nanoscopic system which shows an interesting behaviour in the high field range (> 3 T). In addition to the expected low field switching below 500 Oe a second switching at fields of a few Tesla with a steep slope is also present. This feature with its extremely high sensitivity for changes of the external magnetic field gives rise to high magnetic field sensor applications based on a silicon technology.
Urban Pro-Poor Registrations: Complex-Simple the Overstrand Project
Authors: Downie Leslie 
Published: June 2017

Low-cost housing which has been disposed of by private owners is extremely difficult for conveyancers to register. The law as it stands is often incapable of giving effect to the business transactions of the poor, thereby creating insecurity of tenure nationwide. The Land Titles Adjustment Act 111 of 1993 is currently the only legislation capable of dealing with this impasse. The Overstrand Municipality has provided the staff and infrastructure to run a pilot project under the Act, for which it is awaiting confirmation from the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform. This article discusses the legal issues arising and the potential of such an initiative to provide consumer protection for the low-literate and other vulnerable holders of rights.
Ubuntu: An African Equity
Authors: Bennett Thomas W 
Published: June 2017

In this paper the uses of ubuntu in constitutional law, criminal law, administrative law, the law of property, family law, delict and contract are investigated. Furthermore the theoretical objections to the use of ubuntu are stated and responded to. It is found that ubuntu provides the South African courts with a metanorm similar to the English notion of equity and that it is being deployed to give voice to something distinctively African. It promises to lay the foundations for a cohesive, plural, South African legal culture", characterised by notions such as reconciliation, sharing, compassion, civility, responsibility, trust and harmony.
The Status and Role of Legislation In South Africa as a Constitutional Democracy: Some Exploratory Observatio
Authors: Du Plessis Lourens M 
Published: June 2017

This note explores the proposition that in the face of probably one of the most unequivocal forms of constitutional review in a modern day state, legislation in South Africa has since 27 April 1994 grown in status (and stature) nonetheless, and has assumed an unprecedented role in our constitutional democracy. First, it is shown how constitutional review with the necessary judicial self-restraint has instilled respect for legislation in the context of and with reference to the separation of powers. Second, it is shown that and how statutes have become (subsidiary) allies to the Constitution and have been standing the realisation of constitutional values in good stead. Finally, it is argued that the constitutional requirement of popular participation in legislative deliberation has also added to the esteem for legislation in our constitutional democracy.
Demystification of the Inquisitorial System
Authors: Harms LTC 
Published: June 2017

Criminal procedure in South Africa is outdated and does not produce speedy justice. The Criminal Procedure Act requires a revamp. Lessons can be learnt from the inquisitorial systems but local lawyers have preconceived ideas, based on ignorance, about those systems. It would be useful to consider the successful convergence of the accusatorial and inquisatorial systems attained in the rules of international criminal courts for local application.
The Concept of a "Decision" as the Threshold Requirement for Judicial Review in terms of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act
Authors: Williams RC 
Published: June 2017

The Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000 defines administrative action as “any decision [of a specified kind]" taken by specified persons or entities. The Act goes on to define decision as “any decision of an administrative nature made, proposed to be made, or required to be made, as the case may be”, including certain specified categories of decision. The decision in Bhugwan v JSE Ltd 2010 3 SA 335 (GSJ) highlights the distinction between a “decision”, as so defined (which may be amenable to judicial review in terms of the Act) and an inchoate decision (that is not amenable to such review).. The judgment in this case is, to date, the only judicial authority in South Africa on this critical threshold requirement to be established by any applicant for judicial review in terms of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act.
Editorial
Authors: Venter Francois 
Published: June 2017

This issue opens with an oratio by one of South Africa's most senior judges, the Honourable LTC Harms who suggests that the South African criminal justice system should learn from the experience of international criminal courts regarding a merger of elements from accusatorial and inquisitorial systems.
Shaun de Freitas and Georgia Myburgh of the University of the Free State argue that, if the protection of being human serves as the common denominator in the international discussion of human rights, and if human rights are deeply inclusive, however culturally and historically diverse, then failure to deliberate on the legal status and protection of the unborn may be seen as a failure to extend respect where it is due.
Roger Evans of UNISA contends that modern society, socio-political developments and human rights requirements have necessitated a broadening of the classes of assets that should be excluded or exempted from insolvent estates.