bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host plant and competitor identity matter in genotype × genotype × environment interactions between vetch and pea aphids
Authors: KHUDR MOUHAMMAD SHADI , GUILBAUD CAMILLE S. E. , PREZIOSI RICHARD F. 
Published: June 2017

1. Selection does not only operate in a genotype (G) × environment (E) context, but can also be modulated by the activities of organisms interacting with their environment (G × G × E).2. The influences of aphid clonal identity and host plant (Vicia faba) intraspecific genetic variation on the performance of five genotypes of pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) were investigated – with and without interaction with a competing heterospecific clone of vetch aphid (Megoura viciae) – across three cultivars of V. faba.3. Pea aphid performance in the presence of a competing vetch aphid clone (G × G × E) compared with the absence of competition (G × E) revealed strong context‐dependent, genotype‐specific shifts in performance, influenced by plant cultivar, competitor presence and their interaction.4. The performance of vetch aphid in competition with each pea aphid clone was also compared. Here, competitor's genotype and abundance underlay a remarkably varied response by vetch aphid across interactions.5. The study shows that aphid genotypes exhibit a varying degree of risk spreading, contingent on competitor identity and the patterns of aggregation across three plant cultivars. Owing to feedback loops between species activities and selective forces acting on them, our findings suggest that there are context‐dependent responses by competitors that are shaped via the interplay of the co‐occurring species and their biotic environment.6. This work highlights the complexity of species interactions and the importance of investigating reciprocity between competition and intraspecific genetic variation. A better understanding of the eco‐evolutionary interactions between phloem‐feeding insects and their host plants can potentially be used to enhance crop protection and pest control.
Autism and The Ethics of Care: A Phenomenological Investigation Into the Contagion of Nothing
Authors: Mattingly Cheryl 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article investigates the social contagion of autism from a phenomenological perspective. It asks: Can a phenomenological approach, rather than merely illustrating the typologies revealed by constructionist and political economic approaches,generate new categoriesbecause it insists on a different unit of analysis rooted in a first‐person perspective? To answer this, the article contrasts a third‐person account of autism as an epidemic of representation and a phenomenological account. Drawing upon philosophical phenomenology (Gadamer in particular), it broadly outlines what is at stake in the phenomenological insistence on the primacy of the first‐person perspective. Turning to an ethnographic case, it examines how the category of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as it is lived by one family, poses a threat far more pernicious than a third‐person exploration of ASD might suggest. As a lived experience, it becomes linked to other epidemics and life conditions, emerging as the ominous category “becoming nothing.”
Workplace Predictors of Parenting Educators’ Technology Acceptance Attitudes
Authors: Walker Susan K. , Hong Seonghee 
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine technology use by licensed parenting educators and to explore workplace conditions as influences on the educators’ technology acceptance attitudes. The study adapted the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a theoretical framework and proposed 10 hypotheses to be examined. Responses to an online survey (N = 279) indicated that information search and email were used most frequently. In contrast, social media and online learning platforms were infrequently used. Structural equation modeling revealed that technology attitudes were directly related to Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness of technology. Also, Workplace Encouragement and Workplace Infrastructure indirectly influenced acceptance attitudes as mediated by Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use, respectively. The results suggest that parenting educators’ adoption of technology needs to be supported by a workplace culture that promotes and provides resources for technology use.
Whitening dentifrice and tooth surface discoloration—a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Soeteman GD , Valkenburg C , Van der Weijden GA , Van Loveren C , Bakker EWP , Slot DE 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of a whitening dentifrice (WDF) relative to a regular dentifrice (RDF) on the reduction of natural extrinsic tooth surface discoloration (ETD).Materials and methodsThe MEDLINE‐PubMed, Cochrane‐CENTRAL and EBSCO‐Dentistry and Oral Sciences databases were searched, up to April 2017. The inclusion criteria were as follows:(randomized)controlled clinical trials, healthy subjects ≥18 years of age, studies comparing WDF with RDF, a follow‐up period of at least 6 weeks and studies scoring ETD as the stain area/extent, stain intensity or a composite score. Studies using an induced staining model were excluded.ResultsIndependent screening of 851 unique papers resulted in 21 eligible publications, which included 32 comparisons. The descriptive analysis illustrated that the majority of comparisons showed a significant effect on ETD, in favour of WDF over RDF. The meta‐analysis substantiated this observation and revealed that the difference of means (diffM) comparing WDF and RDF was a reduction for stain area of −0.44 [(95% CI: −0.55; −0.339) (P<.00001)] according to the original Lobene Stain Index; this result is in favour of the WDF. For the modified Lobene Stain Index, the diffM was −0.41 [(95% CI: −0.71; −0.10) (P=.009)]. For overall stain intensity, the diffM was −0.35 [(95% CI: −0.44; −0.25) (P<.00001)], and the composite score was −0.39 [(95% CI: −0.57; −0.21) (P<.0001)] and −0.54 [(95% CI: −0.66; −0.43) (P<.00001)]. Subgroup analysis differentiating between products that contained added chemical antidiscoloration agents showed a similar pattern.ConclusionIn this review, nearly all dentifrices that are specifically formulated for tooth whitening were shown to have a beneficial effect in reducing ETD, irrespective of whether or not a chemical discoloration agent was added.
Structural origin of room temperature poling enhanced piezoelectricity in modified Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐30%PbTiO3 crystals
Authors: Wang Ding , Yuan Guoliang , Luo Haosu , Li Jiefang , Viehland Dwight , Wang Yaojin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe piezoelectric properties of [110]‐oriented Mn‐doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐30%PbTiO3 single crystals was found to be enhanced by poling at room temperature, relative to traditional poling on field‐cooling (FC). High‐resolution x‐ray diffraction data revealed a phase transition sequence of cubic→tetragonal→ orthorhombic (O)→monoclinic B‐type (MB) on field‐cooling with a phase coexistence of single domain O and MB at 300 K in the FC state; whereas poling at room temperature revealed a MB single phase. Accordingly, the structural origin of the piezoelectricity enhancement on poling at room temperature is attributed to a pure MB phase. It is probable, in the FC state, that field‐cooling results in defect dipole migration, which then acts to stabilize regions of the O phase on cooling into the MB one.
Stability and electrical properties of MoSi2‐ and WSi2‐oxide electroconductive composites
Authors: Yakaboylu Gunes A. , Pillai Rajalekshmi C. , Sabolsky Katarzyna , Sabolsky Edward M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMoSi2‐ and WSi2‐based electroconductive ceramic composites were fabricated using 40‐80 vol% fine‐ and coarse‐Al2O3, and ZrO2 particles (refractory oxides) after sintering in argon. Their chemical and thermal stability was tested between 1400°C‐1600°C for up to 48 hours. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of secondary 5‐3 metal silicide (Mo5Si3, W5Si3) and silica phases on the grain boundaries and surface. The fraction of the W5Si3 (11.4‐38.8 vol%) was significantly higher than that of the Mo5Si3 (3.3‐7.3 vol%) in the composites after annealing at 1400°C for 48 hours. The rates of grain growth in the composites (0.013‐0.023 μm/h) were highly decreased by a grain‐boundary pinning effect. This effect was relatively better with the addition of the coarse‐grained oxides due to their more homogeneous distribution throughout the microstructure. The 20–80 vol% MoSi2‐Al2O3 (fine‐grained) composite exhibited an electrical conductivity of 8.8 S/cm at 900°C. At the 60 vol% silicide content, MoSi2–Al2O3 (coarse‐grained) and WSi2–Al2O3 (fine‐grained) showed higher electrical conductivity (126‐128 S/cm) at 900°C. The density, porosity level, particle distribution, intrinsic conductivity of silicide phase, particle size, and fraction of the secondary 5‐3 silicide phase highly influenced their electrical properties.
Short crack fracture toughness in (1−x)(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–xBaTiO3 relaxor ferroelectrics
Authors: Denkhaus Sarah Marie , Vögler Malte , Novak Nikola , Rödel Jürgen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe fracture toughness in the lead‐free relaxor ferroelectric (1−x)(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–xBaTiO3 was investigated utilizing the surface crack in flexure method. To allow a comprehensive assessment, unpoled, and poled samples from the rhombohedral, the tetragonal, and the morphotropic phase regime were considered. It was found that the fracture toughness is up to 23% higher for the poled state. In order to cover the transition from ferroelectric to relaxor phase, the temperature dependence of 0.97(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–0.03BaTiO3 was studied as well. Fracture toughness values of up to 2 MPam1/2 were determined, which are considerably above data for lead zirconate titanate materials. The results are rationalized using a simple transformation toughening‐type model in conjunction with investigations into the ferroelastic behavior. The presented model can be applied without fitting parameters but utilizes measurements of the coercive stress and remanent strain as well as the elastic modulus.
Characterization of ZrN, ZrO2 and β′–Zr7O11N2 nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed wire discharge
Authors: Lam Do Van , Suematsu Hisayuki , Ogawa Toru 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNanoparticles of ZrN, ZrO2 and β′–Zr7O11N2 were synthesized by pulsed wire discharge using Zr wire in various O2 and N2 gas mixtures with different oxygen partial pressures of up to 40 kPa and a total pressure of 100 kPa. The syntheses were carried out at a relative energy ratio (K) of 6.4 which was defined by a charged energy in a capacitor of the synthesis apparatus divided by the evaporation energy of the Zr wire. Morphology and phase analyses were carried out on these nanoparticles by X‐ray diffraction and field‐emission transmission electron microscopy. ZrN and Zr2N were observed in a sample synthesized in 100% N2 gas while with increasing the O2 from 1% of total pressure, formation of β′–Zr7O11N2 and ZrO2 was seen. By bright field image observation, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron‐diffraction analyses, nanoparticles of ZrN, β′–Zr7O11N2 and ZrO2 were separately characterized. In these syntheses, nanoparticles of β′–Zr7O11N2 existed in much smaller size and different shape than the ordinary spherical nanoparticles of ZrN and ZrO2. In gas mixtures where O2 contents were larger than 22% (dry air composition), ZrN was not detected or detected with just a fractional amount compared to the two major phases of β′‐Zr7O11N2 and ZrO2. EELS data for ZrN and β′–Zr7O11N2 were obtained and compared by separated analyses of nanoparticles of these phases. From these data, it was concluded that, in nuclear accidents, small amount of particles can indicate the accident atmosphere around the Zr alloys fuel cladding.
MEMO: an mHealth intervention to prevent the onset of depression in adolescents: a double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Whittaker Robyn , Stasiak Karolina , McDowell Heather , Doherty Iain , Shepherd Matthew , Chua Shireen , Dorey Enid , Parag Varsha , Ameratunga Shanthi , Rodgers Anthony , Merry Sally 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundDepression often starts in adolescence making it an ideal time to intervene. We developed a universal cognitive behavioural therapy‐based programme (MEMO CBT) to be delivered via multimedia mobile phone messages for teens.MethodsWe conducted a prospective multicentre, randomised, placebo‐controlled superiority trial in 15 high schools in Auckland, New Zealand, comparing MEMO CBT with a control programme [MEMO control] matched for intensity and type of message but with alternative content not targeting depression. The primary outcome was the change in score on the Children's Depression Rating Scale‐Revised from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcomes included the change in scores in the self‐reported Reynold's Adolescent Depression Rating Scale‐Second Edition, the Moods and Feelings Questionnaire, suicidal ideation using selected items from the Youth Risk Behaviour Survey, the Pediatric Quality of Life questionnaire, 12‐month period prevalence of the diagnosis of depressive disorder using the Kiddie‐Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, and students' ratings of their satisfaction with the programme.ResultsEight hundred and fifty‐five students (13–17 years old, mean 14.3 years) were randomly assigned to MEMO CBT (426) or to MEMO Control (429). Participants (68% female) had a mean CDRS‐R at baseline of 21.5 (SD: 5). Overall 394 (93%) from the intervention group and 392 (91%) from the control group were followed up at 12 months. At the end of the intervention (approximately 9 weeks) the mean CDRS‐R scores were 20.8 in the intervention group versus 20.4 in the control group, and at 12 months they were 22.4 versus 22.4 (p value for difference in change from baseline = 0.3). There was no obvious association between the amount of the intervention viewed by participants and outcomes.ConclusionsThere was no evidence of benefit from the mobile phone CBT intervention compared with a control programme. Universal depression prevention remains a challenge.
The effect of smartphone addiction on hand joints in psoriatic patients: an ultrasound‐based study
Authors: Megna M. , Gisonni P. , Napolitano M. , Orabona G. Dell'Aversano , Patruno C. , Ayala F. , Balato N. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundDistal interphalangeal (DIP) arthritis is a frequent form of psoriatic arthritis being often linked to nail psoriasis. Modern society is characterized by overuse of smartphones. Indeed, literature has recently focalized on research into smartphone addiction and health‐related problems.ObjectivesAs smartphone addiction is able to determine overuse and repeated movements of DIP joints and nails, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of smartphone use on hand joints of young psoriatic patients.MethodsAn observational study involving four different groups such as non‐smartphone‐addicted (SA) psoriatic patients, SA psoriatic patients, non‐SA controls and SA controls was performed. Each subject underwent an ultrasound examination of both hands by three independent and blinded to group assignment radiologists. A specific score was used to evaluate the inflammatory state of the analysed joints.ResultsThe total ultrasound score was statistically significantly higher in SA controls respect to non‐SA controls (3.4 vs. 1.4; P < 0.05) as well as in SA psoriasis patients compared to non‐SA psoriatic subjects (15.2 vs. 6.7; P < 0.01). Higher mean of ultrasound score was found for left hand in controls (both SA or not) and for right hand in psoriatic subjects (both SA or not), however without reaching statistical significance.ConclusionsSmartphone overuse was found to be linked with higher signs of inflammation of musculoskeletal structures of hands joints in both psoriasis and controls through ultrasound examination. Therefore, smartphone overuse may be a factor which facilitate or speed up the possible development of psoriatic arthritis.
Omalizumab substantially improves dermatology‐related quality of life in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Finlay A.Y. , Kaplan A.P. , Beck L.A. , Antonova E.N. , Balp M.‐M. , Zazzali J. , Khalil S. , Maurer M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundChronic spontaneous/idiopathic urticaria (CSU/CIU) has substantial detrimental effects on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) with an effect comparable to or worse than many other skin diseases.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of omalizumab on CSU patients' HRQoL, measured by the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) in three phase III studies ASTERIA I, ASTERIA II and GLACIAL.MethodsA post hoc analysis examined changes in DLQI scores, distribution of patients across DLQI bands and the proportion reaching minimal clinically important difference (MCID) following omalizumab vs. placebo.ResultsOmalizumab 300 mg significantly improved total DLQI scores vs. placebo, with a mean decrease from baseline to week 12 of −10.3 vs. −6.1 (P < 0.0001) in ASTERIA I, −10.2 vs. −6.1 (P = 0.0004) in ASTERIA II and −9.7 vs. −5.1 (P < 0.0001) in GLACIAL. A significant shift from high disease impact on life at baseline towards less impact at week 12 was seen with omalizumab 300 mg vs. placebo (P < 0.001; all studies). The proportion of patients where change in mean total DLQI score from baseline to week 12 reached an MCID of ≥4 was 74.1%, 76.0% and 77.2% in ASTERIA I, II and GLACIAL, respectively (P < 0.01; all studies).LimitationsMaximum duration of omalizumab treatment was 24 weeks.ConclusionThis additional analysis assessed the impact of CSU and benefit of treatment with omalizumab by exploring different facets of DLQI data by treatment arm at multiple assessment points. The original aspects of analysis included applying the concept of the recently validated score for the MCID of the DLQI, changes in DLQI domain scores and in the distribution of subjects based on validated total DLQI score bands. It showed consistently that omalizumab provides significant and clinically relevant improvements in many aspects of HRQoL that are important to patients with CSU. These results contribute to a better understanding of the impact of CSU and its treatment on patients and can support clinical decision‐making in routine medical practice.
Beneficial effects of Rifaximin in post‐infectious irritable bowel syndrome mouse model beyond gut microbiota
Authors: Jin Yu , Ren Xiaoyang , Li Gangping , Li Ying , Zhang Lei , Wang Huan , Qian Wei , Hou Xiaohua 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsRifaximin is a minimally absorbed antibiotic, which has shown efficacy in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. However, the mechanism on how it effects in IBS is still incompletely defined. In this study, Trichinella spiralis‐infected post‐infectious (PI) IBS mouse model was used, to assess the action of rifaximin on visceral hypersensitivity, barrier function, gut inflammation, and microbiota.MethodsPost‐infectious IBS model was established by T. spiralis infection in mice. Rifaximin were administered to PI‐IBS mice for seven consecutive days. The abdominal withdrawal reflex and threshold of colorectal distention were employed to evaluate visceral sensitivity. Smooth muscle contractile response was recorded in the organ bath. Intestinal permeability was measured by Ussing chamber. Expression of tight junction protein and cytokines were measured by Western blotting. Ilumina miseq platform was used to analyze bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA.ResultsPost‐infectious IBS mice treated with rifaximin exhibited decreased abdominal withdrawal reflex score, increased threshold, reduced contractile response, and intestinal permeability. Rifaximin also suppressed the expression of interleukin‐12 and interleukin‐17 and promoted the expression of the major tight junction protein occludin. Furthermore, rifaximin did not change the composition and diversity, and the study reavealed that rifaximin had a tiny effect on the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in this PI‐IBS model.ConclusionsRifaximin alleviated visceral hypersensitivity, recovered intestinal barrier function, and inhibited low‐grade inflammation in colon and ileum of PI‐IBS mouse model. Moreover, rifaximin exerts anti‐inflammatory effects with only a minimal effect on the overall composition and diversity of the gut microbiota in this model.
Simultaneous Multislice–Based 5‐Minute Lumbar Spine MRI Protocol: Initial Experience in a Clinical Setting
Authors: Longo Maria G. , Fagundes Joana , Huang Susie , Mehan William , Witzel Thomas , Bhat Himanshu , Heberlein Keith , Rosen Bruce R. , Rosenthal Daniel , Gonzalez Ramon G. , Schaefer Pamela W. , Rapalino Otto 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPrevious studies have used parallel imaging (PI) techniques to decrease spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol acquisition times. Recently developed MRI sequences allow even faster acquisitions. Our purpose was to develop a lumbar spine MRI protocol using PI with GRAPPA (generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition) and a simultaneous multislice (SMS)–based sequence and to evaluate its diagnostic performance compared to a standard lumbar spine MRI protocol.METHODSTen patients were scanned in a 3‐Tesla scanner (MAGNETOM Skyra, Siemens Healthcare). Each patient was imaged using a standard protocol and an optimized fast protocol acquiring the same contrasts and planes. The fast protocol included sagittal T1, T2, and fat suppressed T2 sequences accelerated with GRAPPA and an SMS‐based axial T2‐weighted sequence using a high‐density spine coil (Siemens MR, 30 channel spine). Two blinded neuroradiologists independently assessed image quality and diagnostic accuracy for clinically relevant imaging findings.RESULTSThe fast protocol acquisition time was 5:28 minutes, compared with 16:30 minutes for the standard protocol. Both protocols had a similar performance for definition of anatomical structures, diagnostic quality, and identification of clinically relevant imaging findings. There were more artifacts in the SMS Turbo Spin Echo (P = .014) sequence without compromising diagnostic performance. Artifacts in the remaining non‐SMS sequences were similar in both protocols (P > .180). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the 5‐minute protocol were 92.3%, 100.0%, and 99.6%, respectively, for the clinically relevant findings (P = 1.0, interrater agreement .57).CONCLUSIONSA 5‐minute SMS‐based MRI protocol for lumbar spine imaging is feasible and can be achieved without significant impact in the overall diagnostic quality.