bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnobotanical study of Indigenous Knowledge on Some Wild Plants in Parsa District, Nepal
Authors: Singh Shila 
Published: January 2018

The present study was carried out to document ethnobotanical informations of some wild plants used by the Tharu community of Parsa district forest area of Nepal. This study was designed to gather primary folk knowledge on different plant based therapies used at four adjacent villages; Gadi, Madhuban mathwal, Sonbarsa and Shanker Sharaiya for various purposes through frequent field visits in the forest and adjoining villages, participatory observations, group discussion, interviews with tribal's and local knowledgeable people in the year 2013 from February to November. A total of 54 ethno-medicinal wild plant species belonging to 29 families and 44 genera were documented in this study. It can be concluded that Tharu community of the Parsa district possess valuable traditional knowledge on plant based therapies. Present documentation will provide novel information to protect traditional knowledge for the conservation and sustainable use of the rich biodiversity for future generations and serve to open the door for new pharmacological research. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 103-121
Enhancement of antitumor activity by using 5-ALA–mediated sonodynamic therapy to induce apoptosis in malignant gliomas: significance of high-intensity focused ultrasound on 5-ALA-SDT in a mouse glioma model
Authors: Suehiro Satoshi , Ohnishi Takanori , Yamashita Daisuke , Kohno Shohei , Inoue Akihiro , Nishikawa Masahiro , Ohue Shiro , Tanaka Junya , Kunieda Takeharu 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVEHigh invasiveness of malignant gliomas frequently causes early local recurrence of the tumor, resulting in extremely poor outcome. To control such recurrence, novel therapies targeted toward infiltrating glioma cells around the tumor border are required. Here, the authors investigated the antitumor activity of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) combined with a sonosensitizer, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), on malignant gliomas to explore the possibility for clinical use of 5-ALA–mediated SDT (5-ALA-SDT).METHODSIn vitro cytotoxicity of 5-ALA-SDT was evaluated in U87 and U251 glioma cells and in U251Oct-3/4 glioma stemlike cells. Treatment-related apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured and the role of ROS in treatment-related cytotoxicity was examined by analysis of the effect of pretreatment with the radical scavenger edaravone. Effects of 5-ALA-SDT with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on tumor growth, survival of glioma-transplanted mice, and histological features of the mouse brains were investigated.RESULTSThe 5-ALA-SDT inhibited cell growth and changed cell morphology, inducing cell shrinkage, vacuolization, and swelling. Flow cytometric analysis and TUNEL staining indicated that 5-ALA-SDT induced apoptotic cell death in all gliomas. The 5-ALA-SDT generated significantly higher ROS than in the control group, and inhibition of ROS generation by edaravone completely eliminated the cytotoxic effects of 5-ALA-SDT. In the in vivo study, 5-ALA-SDT with HIFU greatly prolonged survival of the tumor-bearing mice compared with that of the control group (p < 0.05). Histologically, 5-ALA-SDT produced mainly necrosis of the tumor tissue in the focus area and induced apoptosis of the tumor cells in the perifocus area around the target of the HIFU-irradiated field. The proliferative activity of the entire tumor was markedly decreased. Normal brain tissues around the ultrasonic irradiation field of HIFU remained intact.CONCLUSIONSThe 5-ALA-SDT was cytotoxic toward malignant gliomas. Generation of ROS by the SDT was thought to promote apoptosis of glioma cells. The 5-ALA-SDT with HIFU induced tumor necrosis in the focus area and apoptosis in the perifocus area of the HIFU-irradiated field, whereas the surrounding brain tissue remained normal, resulting in longer survival of the HIFU-treated mice compared with that of untreated mice. These results suggest that 5-ALA-SDT with HIFU may present a less invasive and tumor-specific therapy, not only for a tumor mass but also for infiltrating tumor cells in malignant gliomas.
Extensive Broadband X-Ray Monitoring During the Formation of a Giant Radio Jet Base in Cyg X-3 with AstroSat
Authors: Pahari Mayukh , Yadav J S , Chauhan Jai Verdhan , Rawat Divya , Misra Ranjeev , Agrawal P C , Chandra Sunil , Bagri Kalyani , Jain Pankaj , Manchanda R K , Chitnis Varsha , Bhattacharyya Sudip 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present X-ray spectral and timing behavior of Cyg X-3 as observed by AstroSat during the onset of a giant radio flare on 2017 April 1–2. Within a timescale of a few hours, the source shows a transition from the hypersoft state (HPS) to a more luminous state (we termed as the very high state), which coincides with the time of the steep rise in radio flux density by an order of magnitude. Modeling the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) and Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) spectra jointly in 0.5–70.0 keV, we found that the first few hours of the observation is dominated by the HPS with no significant counts above 17 keV. Later, an additional flat power-law component suddenly appeared in the spectra that extends to very high energies with the power-law photon index of

. Such a flat power-law component has never been reported from Cyg X-3. Interestingly the fitted power-law model in 25–70 keV, when extrapolated to the radio frequency, predicts the radio flux density to be consistent with the trend measured from the RATAN-600 telescope at 11.2 GHz. This provides direct evidence of the synchrotron origin of flat X-ray power-law component and the most extensive monitoring of the broadband X-ray behavior at the moment of decoupling the giant radio jet base from the compact object in Cyg X-3. Using SXT and LAXPC observations, we determine the giant flare ejection time as MJD 57845.34 ± 0.08 when 11.2 GHz radio flux density increases from ∼100 to ∼478 mJy.
The visual resonances of a Harari Qur’ān: An 18th century Ethiopian manuscript and its Indian Ocean connections
Authors: Mirza Sana 
Published: January 2018

Although not widely recognized as Harari, a Qur’ān manuscript in the Khalili Collection in London (QUR706) provides an opportunity to consider long-distance artistic circulations and encounters in the early modern Indian Ocean. Dated to 1162/1749, the Khalili Qur’ān can be linked with Mamluk and earlier Indian Qur’ān manuscripts through its illuminations and its use of biḥārī script, a type rarely seen outside of India. Later inscriptions in the Qur’ān record its eventual arrival in Zanzibar. The trans-regional visual resonances of the manuscript, and its later circulation, highlight the position not only of Harar as a regional artistic center within Ethiopia, but also that of the Horn of Africa within a broader Indian Ocean ecumene. Focusing on the Khalili Qur’ān, this essay will explore Harar’s nuanced engagement and selective participation in networks of artistic circulation and exchanges and their role in the formation of a Harari visual idiom within the burgeoning globalization of 18th-century Ethiopia.
Detection of Experimental and Clinical Immune Complexes by Measuring SHIP-1 Recruitment to the Inhibitory FcγRIIB
Authors: Stopforth Richard J. , Oldham Robert J. , Tutt Alison L. , Duriez Patrick , Chan H. T. Claude , Binkowski Brock F. , Zimprich Chad , Li Dun , Hargreaves Philip G. , Cong Mei , Reddy Venkat , Leandro Maria J. , Cambridge Geraldine , Lux Anja , Nimmerjahn Falk , Cragg Mark S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFc γ receptors (FcγR) are involved in multiple aspects of immune cell regulation, are central to the success of mAb therapeutics, and underpin the pathology of several autoimmune diseases. However, reliable assays capable of accurately measuring FcγR interactions with their physiological ligands, IgG immune complexes (IC), are limited. A method to study and detect IC interactions with FcγRs was therefore developed. This method, designed to model the signaling pathway of the inhibitory FcγRIIB (CD32B), used NanoLuc Binary Interaction Technology to measure recruitment of the Src homology 2 domain–containing inositol phosphatase 1 to the ITIM of this receptor. Such recruitment required prior cross-linking of an ITAM-containing activatory receptor, and evoked luciferase activity in discrete clusters at the cell surface, recapitulating the known biology of CD32B signaling. The assay detected varying forms of experimental IC, including heat-aggregated IgG, rituximab–anti-idiotype complexes, and anti-trinitrophenol–trinitrophenol complexes in a sensitive manner (≤1 μg/ml), and discriminated between complexes of varying size and isotype. Proof-of-concept for the detection of circulating ICs in autoimmune disease was provided, as responses to sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis were detected in small pilot studies. Finally, the method was translated to a stable cell line system. In conclusion, a rapid and robust method for the detection of IC was developed, which has numerous potential applications including the monitoring of IC in autoimmune diseases and the study of underlying FcγR biology.
The Current State of Rural Neurosurgical Practice: An International Perspective
Authors: Upadhyayula Pavan S. , Yue John K. , Yang Jason , Birk Harjus S. , Ciacci Joseph D. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Rural and low-resource areas have diminished capacity to care for neurosurgical patients due to lack of infrastructure, healthcare investment, and training programs. This review summarizes the range of rural neurosurgical procedures, novel mechanisms for delivering care, rapid training programs, and outcome differences across international rural neurosurgical practice. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed for English language manuscripts with keywords “rural” and “neurosurgery” using the National Library of Medicine PubMed database (01/1971–06/2017). Twenty-four articles focusing on rural non-neurosurgical practice were included. Results: Time to care and/or surgery and shortage of trained personnel remain the strongest risk factors for mortality and poor outcome. Telemedicine consults to regional centers with neurosurgery housestaff have potential for increased timeliness of diagnosis/triage, improved time to surgery, and reductions in unnecessary transfers in remote areas. Mobile neurosurgery teams have been deployed with success in nations with large transport distances precluding initial transfers. Common neurosurgical procedures involve trauma mechanisms; accordingly, training programs for nonneurosurgery medical personnel on basic assessment and operative techniques have been successful in resource-deficient settings where neurosurgeons are unavailable. Conclusions: Protracted transport times, lack of resources/training, and difficulty retaining specialists are barriers to successful outcomes. Advances in telemedicine, mobile neurosurgery, and training programs for urgent operative techniques have been implemented efficaciously. Development of guidelines for paired partnerships between rural centers and academic hospitals, supplying surplus technology to rural areas, and rapid training of qualified local surgical personnel can create sustainable feed-forward programs for trainees and infrastructural solutions to address challenges in rural neurosurgery.
Joubert Syndrome with Orofacial Digital Features
Authors: Bhardwaj Parveen , Sharma Minoo , Ahluwalia Karan 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTJoubert syndrome (JS) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by hypotonia, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, ocular abnormalities (e.g., pigmentary retinopathy, oculomotor apraxia, and nystagmus), renal cysts, and hepatic fibrosis. Respiratory abnormalities, as apnea and hyperpnea, may be present, as well as mental retardation. Since the clinical findings of JS are quite heterogeneous, determination of radiological findings is essential.
The Effects of Posterior Talar Glide and Dorsiflexion of the Ankle Plus Mobilization with Movement on Balance and Gait Function in Patient with Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Sang-Lim , Lee Byoung-Hee 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: This study was to evaluate the effects of weight-bearing-based mobilization with movement (WBBMWM) on balance and gait in stroke patients. Methods: Thirty stroke patients participated in this study. All individuals were randomly assigned to either WBMWM group (n = 15) or weight-bearing with placebo mobilization with movement group (control, n = 15). Individuals in the WBMWM group were trained for 10 glides of 5 sets a day, 5 times a week during 4 weeks. Furthermore, individuals in the control group were trained for 10 lunges of 5 sets a day, 5 times a week during 4 weeks. All individuals were measured weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT), static balance ability, timed up and go test (TUG), and dynamic gait index (DGI) in before and after intervention. Results: The result showed that WBBMWM group and control group had significantly increased in WBLT, postural sway speed, total postural sway path length with eyes open and closed, TUG and DGI (P < 0.05). In particular, the WBMWM group showed significantly greater improvement than control group in WBLT, static balance measures, TUG, and DGI (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, WBMWM improved ankle range of motion, balance, and gait in stroke patients. These results suggest that WBBMWM is feasible and suitable for individuals with a stroke.
The influence of antecedent conditions on flood risk in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Bischiniotis Konstantinos , van den Hurk Bart , Jongman Brenden , Coughlan de Perez Erin , Veldkamp Ted , de Moel Hans , Aerts Jeroen 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Most flood early warning systems have predominantly focused on forecasting floods with lead times of hours or days. However, physical processes during longer timescales can also contribute to flood generation. In this study, we follow a pragmatic approach to analyse the hydro-meteorological pre-conditions of 501 historical damaging floods from 1980 to 2010 in sub-Saharan Africa. These are separated into (a) weather timescale (0–6 days) and (b) seasonal timescale conditions (up to 6 months) before the event. The 7-day precipitation preceding a flood event (PRE7) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) are analysed for the two timescale domains, respectively. Results indicate that high PRE7 does not always generate floods by itself. Seasonal SPEIs, which are not directly correlated with PRE7, exhibit positive (wet) values prior to most flood events across different averaging times, indicating a relationship with flooding. This paper provides evidence that bringing together weather and seasonal conditions can lead to improved flood risk preparedness.
EDUCAÇÃO PRECOCE: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DE LITERATURA
Authors: Silva André Ribeiro , De Sant'anna Jeane Brandão , Pereira de Cabral Ludmila Lucena , Soares Jitone Leônidas , Silva Martins de Souza Silvia Emanoella , De França Barros Jônatas 
Published: January 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as tendências atuais nas pesquisas científicas do Brasil sobre o tema educação precoce, presentes nas bases indexadas do Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão integrativa de literatura, realizou-se a busca através do acesso remoto ao conteúdo assinado, a partir do acesso CAFe – Comunidade Acadêmica Federada, provido pela Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa (RNP) para instituições federadas, através da Universidade de Brasília. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos publicados em português, na íntegra que retratasse a educação precoce e indexados no referido banco de dados nos últimos cinco anos. Conclui-se que a educação precoce exige profissionais multidisciplinares, onde a família também faz parte desse processo. É necessário mais estudos intervencionais com os envolvidos neste processo.
Sportovní hvězdy v malém sportu: výpověď sportovce
Authors: Svoboda Arnošt 
Published: January 2018

The article presents initial, partial outputs of the research focused on analysis of „sport stars“ placement in a minor top-level sport – swimming. The study is theoretically grounded in concepts of Pierre Bourdieu (social field and political philosophy of sport) and Howard S. Becker (art worlds). It follows other studies dealing with roles of popular personalities – celebrities or stars – in sports or broader society and examines possibilities of application of the star concept in the sub-field of non-medialised sport. Using outputs of interview with competitive swimmers the article describes specific way of construction of sport stars in view of athletes themselves. Two dimensions are identified: objective (sport club environment and family) and subjective one (personality traits). Concerning the position of stars in sport sub-fields it adds, that so far as the stars fulfil the notion of their fellow swimmers they are seen as bearers of authentic sport ideal with the high symbolical capital. Otherwise, they are criticised by the others or even rejected.
Silové schopnosti a jejich vliv na sportovní výkon v lezení
Authors: Došla Jan , Meško Jan 
Published: January 2018

The article discusses the impact of strength abilities on performance in climbing. Strength abilities were measured using two motor tests. It was a test of dynamometry and pull-up hang test. Furthermore, anthropometric variables, which include height, weight and body fat percentage, have been measured. During the research a total of 46 persons have been measured; these were divided into three groups – performance climbers, recreational climbers and non-climbers. Only men have been included in the test. The groups have been compared to each other with statistically significant differences being found in parameters “pull-up hang” and “body fat percentage”. No statistically significant differences between other parameters have been found.
Příjem bílkovin po odporovém tréninku a svalová hypertrofie (přehledová práce)
Authors: Richter Michal , Kumstát Michal 
Published: January 2018

Protein intake and resistance training are factors affecting the rate of muscle protein synthesis. Muscle hypertrophy manifests as a result of a positive protein balance between the rate of muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown. An intake of protein containing essential amino acids in the period after the resistance exercise is a key prerequisite of an effective adaptation. Postprandial hyperaminoacidemia is a key factor in the effectiveness of proteosynthetic processes. The most common types of protein used in sports nutrition include milk protein, egg and soy protein. There are significant differences among them in the context of digestion and essential amino acids resorptio kinetics. Whey protein represents due to the high content of essential amino acids and leucine a superior source and is considered an important anabolic stimuli. An amount of ~20–25 g of whey protein consumed after restistance exercise optimizes conditions for muscle hypertrophy. Appropriate timing of protein intake in close proximity to the load positively affects an athletes attempt to achieve muscle hypertrophy.
Veřejné mínění o výstavbě Národního olympijského centra v Nymburce
Authors: Flemr Libor , Vančurová Linda 
Published: January 2018

The main objective of this article is to determine public opinion in Nymburk and the surrounding municipalities on the intended construction of the National Olympic Center in Nymburk, based on surveys. The research method used in this survey was interviews – electronic and written questionnaires. The authors’ questionnaire was drawn up to determine public opinion of the construction of the National Olympic Center in Nymburk. Based on the data obtained, it was found out that the public opinion of the construction of the National Olympic Center is largely positive (85% of the respondents). The public is open to this project, people want a modern sport center and support its development despite the large expense and scope of the project.
Zenith: A Radiosonde Detector for Rapid‐Response Ionizing Atmospheric Radiation Measurements During Solar Particle Events
Authors: Dyer A. C. R. , Ryden K. A. , Hands A. D. P. , Dyer C. , Burnett C. , Gibbs M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSolar energetic particle events create radiation risks for aircraft, notably single‐event effects in microelectronics along with increased dose to crew and passengers. In response to this, some airlines modify their flight routes after automatic alerts are issued. At present these alerts are based on proton flux measurements from instruments onboard satellites, so it is important that contemporary atmospheric radiation measurements are made and compared. This paper presents the development of a rapid‐response system built around the use of radiosondes equipped with a radiation detector, Zenith, which can be launched from a Met Office weather station after significant solar proton level alerts are issued. Zenith is a compact, battery‐powered solid‐state radiation monitor designed to be connected to a Vaisala RS‐92 radiosonde, which transmits all data to a ground station as it ascends to an altitude of ~33 km. Zenith can also be operated as a stand‐alone detector when connected to a laptop, providing real‐time count rates. It can also be adapted for use on unmanned aerial vehicles. Zenith has been flown on the Met Office Civil Contingency Aircraft, taken to the European Organization for Nuclear Research‐EU high energy Reference Field facility for calibration and launched on a meteorological balloon at the Met Office's weather station in Camborne, Cornwall, UK. During this sounding, Zenith measured the Pfotzer‐Regener maximum to be at an altitude of 18–20 km where the count rate was measured to be 1.15 c s−1 cm−2 compared to 0.02 c s−1 cm−2 at ground level.
3D Carbon Electrocatalysts In Situ Constructed by Defect‐Rich Nanosheets and Polyhedrons from NaCl‐Sealed Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Tao Li , Xiao Zhaohui , Chen Ru , Jiang Zhongqing , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe proper structure design and defect engineering are of essential importance to develop advanced electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which is a critical reaction in both fundamental science and industrial applications. Herein, a three‐dimensional carbon electrocatalyst is prepared by in‐situ linking carbon polyhedrons with nanosheets through high‐temperature pyrolysis of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) confined in a salt‐sealed reactor. In the transformation to polyhedrons, the organic species partially decompose and form carbon nanosheets due to being confined in the salt reactor. The in ‐situ‐formed carbon nanosheets surround the carbon polyhedrons to form a 3D carbon network. Due to the confinement effect, the transformation of MOFs to carbon networks in the salt reactor is of high yield without significant loss of active carbon species, which would enhance the electron and mass transport for electrocatalysis. More interestingly, the as‐prepared 3D nanosheet‐linked‐polyhedron carbon (NLPC) is defect‐rich with high N‐doping levels and enriched active sites for electrocatalysis. With enhanced mass, electron transport, and enriched active sites, the material shows excellent activity as ORR electrocatalyst which is even comparable with Pt/C. The primary zinc‐air batteries assembled by the NLPC as the cathode also show outstanding performance.