bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Rain Gardens to an Urban Area – Housing Estate in Nitra, Slovakia
Authors: Vaculová Veronika , Štěpánková Roberta 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This study is focused on principles of rain gardens in landscape architecture and their application in Slovak conditions. Rain gardens can be seen as a part of sustainable design and application of ecological principles in changing natural conditions. The simplicity of a rain garden represents combination of rainwater management and flower planting, which is a strong landscaping element because of the connection between ecology and aesthetics. Plants used in rain gardens help to keep water by the root system and, after that, to transpire it. Another importance of this kind of arrangement is its simplicity and positive impact on creation of a new bio-retentive ecosystem, which is able to safely collect, absorb, filtrate and carry off rain water from paved areas. Many foreign countries have understood their importance and have already implemented them in new projects of public and private spaces. This paper also describes a theoretical planting proposal of a rain garden in a housing estate in the city of Nitra to demonstrate a real application of this technique in Slovak conditions.
Content of Selected Bioactive Substances in Dependence on Lighting in Microgreens
Authors: Andrejiová Alena , Hegedűsová Alžbeta , Mezeyová Ivana , Kóňová Elka 
Published: June 2017

AbstractYoung plants, also called “microgreens”, are different kinds of vegetables, grains and herbs grown to the phenological phase of cotyledons, or to the development of the first pair of true leaves. The aim of the work was to study the influence of lighting on the young plants quality in selected 11 vegetables species. The experiment was carried out during the winter time in a heated greenhouse of the Botanical Gardens of SUA in Nitra. For the lighting there were used linear fluorescent lamps FLUORA T8 - L 36W / 77 - G13 during the whole period of cultivation. According to our results, the lighting had a positive impact on the quality of harvested plants. The higher contents of vitamin C, chlorophyllaand chlorophyllbwere estimated in comparison with the control variant without lighting.
Implementation of the AHP Method for Determining the Weights of Factors Decisive for the Location of the Municipal Waste Conversion Plant, on the Example of the City of Krakow
Authors: Siejka Monika , Mika Monika 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The paper proposes a methodology for calculating the weights of factors determining the choice of location of municipal waste incineration plant (MWIP). Objective and accurate determination of the weights offers the optimal choice of location. To achieve the planned purpose, the method of the analytical hierarchical process was applied. The study included seven potential locations for the municipal waste incineration plant, located within the area of the city of Krakow. The objective of the analysis, which is the subject of this publication, is determination of weights of factors decisive for the choice of MWIP location. These weights were calculated using the method of the analytical hierarchical process. The choice of the method is dictated by the fact that in the studied case we deal with multivariate analysis, and its components are described both in quantitative and qualitative ways.
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase α and Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Genes Polymorphism and their Influence on Fatty Acid Profile in Milk of Polish Holstein-Friesian Cows
Authors: Kęsek Marzena M. , Smołucha Grzegorz , Zielak-Steciwko Anna E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyse the association of ACACA and SCD1 polymorphism with milk composition, fatty acid profile in milk fat and milking performance of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. The animals were divided according to criteria: lactation – 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th; ACACA polymorphism – CC, CG, GG; SCD1 polymorphism – AA, VA, VV. The presence of A293V polymorphism of SCD1 gene in the population of Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle has been confirmed. In the analysed fragment of ACACA gene presence of a novel SNP has been revealed. The SNP AJ312201.1g.1488C>G consists of a substitution G>C in 1488 position. This ACACA polymorphism influenced C13:0, C14:1, C16:1 and CLA, while the analysed SCD1 polymorphism influenced C14:1. Interestingly, C16:0, C18:0 and C14:1 were influenced by fat content; while C16:1 was influenced by lactation stage; and CLA was influenced by both lactation stage and fat content. Although the novel SNP on ACACA gene and A293V on SCD1 showed only slight influence on fatty acid profile in this study, these genes are still potential candidate genes for fat content and composition in milk, but require further research.
In ovo Feeding – Technology of the Future – A Review
Authors: Kucharska-Gaca Joanna , Kowalska Emilia , Dębowska Michalina 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Over the years, due to genetic selection, improvement of the characteristics of laying and meat poultry with less feed consumption per kilogram of body weight gain has been achieved (FCR). As the productivity of poultry increased, the demand of embryos for nutrients changed. However, the chemical composition of an egg has remained practically unchanged, and therefore, it began providing the embryos with suitable substances with the help of in ovo technology. Improvements in hatching were achieved through the administration of fructose, sucrose and grape seed extract (GSE), while the weight of a one-day-old chick is affected by the injection of amino acids with glucose and magnesium. In addition, amino acids and carbohydrates applied to an egg have contributed to an increase in the activity of digestive enzymes and maturation of the intestine. In connection with early stimulation of the intestinal tract of broiler chicks, they obtained higher weight gain. Supplementation with vitamins positively affects the increase of birds’ immunity and body weight at the end of breeding. On the other hand, the injection of an insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) influenced the growth and development of muscle tissue during the first weeks of life.
Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Association with Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase in the Reproductive Tract Tissues of Adult Male Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) During the Reproduction Season
Authors: Koziorowska-Gilun Magdalena , Gilun Przemysław , Koziorowski Marek , Kordan Władysław 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α and SOD-1 in testes and epididymis of adult male roe deer during the periods of reproductive season. The mRNA expression levels of investigated factors were examined using RT-PCR, while protein expression levels were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Differences between tissues within this period and between periods were evaluated. Testicular tissue exhibited lower HIF-1α and SOD-1 mRNA expression levels during all periods as compared to epididymal tissues. Among the epididymal tissues, cauda epididymis showed higher HIF-1α mRNA expression levels in comparison with caput and corpus tissues in the pre-rut period, and not much lower SOD-1 mRNA expression levels in comparison with caput in all periods. Protein expression of HIF-1α was higher in the epididymis than in the testicular tissues in the pre-rut and rut periods. Its expression was the highest in caput epididymal tissue compared with either the testicular, corpus and cauda epididymal tissue during rut and higher than corpus and testis in pre- and post-rut periods. Testicular tissue was characterized by lower SOD-1 protein expression levels than in epididymis in pre-rut and rut periods. This study indicates that the reproductive tract of male roe deer possesses a tissue-specific defense system which protects the tissues from oxygen deficiency damage, which is important during cyclic changes occurring in the reproductive tissues during the reproductive season.
Student Socioeconomic Status and Teacher Stroke: A Case of Female Students in Iran
Authors: Irajzad Fatemeh , Shahriari Hesamoddin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSupportive teacher-student relationships play a significant role in the trajectory of students’ academic life. Teachers may use various strategies to improve this relationship, one of which is teacher stroke (teacher encouragement). The stroking behavior of teachers might be influenced by several factors, including the socioeconomic status (SES) of students. Accordingly, the current study aims to investigate the differences among female English language teachers at three different school districts (i.e., upper, middle, and lower socio-economic class) in Mashhad, Iran, with regard to their stroking behavior. To fulfill this aim, 300 eighth-grade female students responded to an 18-item questionnaire and the collected data were subsequently analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. The results revealed that teachers tend to stroke high-SES students more frequently. The second aim of this study was to find out if there is a significant correlation between teacher stroke and students’ GPA. The results indicated that all the sub-components of stroke significantly correlate with students’ GPA. Moreover, the results of a stepwise multiple regression test indicated that two of the sub-components of stroke, namely valuing and classroom activities, strongly predict students’ GPA. Finally, the findings of the study have been discussed in light of the existing literature and implications have been provided for language teaching in the formal context of education.
Kennzahlen und Visualisierungen zur Analyse des personalen Wissensaustauschs in Unternehmen
Authors: Semar Wolfgang , Odoni Fabian , Mastrandrea Elena 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungKollaboratives Wissensmanagement in Unternehmen funktioniert nur durch motivierte Teilnehmer. Diese müssen erkennen, worin ihre eigenen Vorteile liegen, wenn sie ihr Wissen teilen und aktiv im Social Network Enterprise Tool mitarbeiten. Dieser Beitrag
Low-Cost Dynamic Constraint Checking for the JVM
Authors: Grzanek Konrad 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Using formal methods for software verification slowly becomes a standard in the industry. Overall it is a good idea to integrate as many checks as possible with the programming language. This is a major cause of the apparent success of strong typing in software, either performed on the compile time or dynamically, on runtime. Unfortunately, only some of the properties of software may be expressed in the type system of event the most sophisticated programming languages. Many of them must be performed dynamically. This paper presents a flexible library for the dynamically typed, functional programming language running in the JVM environment. This library offers its users a close to zero run-time overhead and strong mathematical background in category theory.
Enactivism, Radical Enactivism and Predictive Processing: What is Radical in Cognitive Science?
Authors: Gärtner Klaus , Clowes Robert W. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
According to Enactivism, cognition should be understood in terms of a dynamic interaction between an acting organism and its environment. Further, this view holds that organisms do not passively receive information from this environment, they rather selectively create this environment by engaging in interaction with the world. Radical Enactivism adds that basic cognition does so without entertaining representations and hence that representations are not an essential constituent of cognition. Some proponents think that getting rid of representations amounts to a revolutionary alternative to standard views about cognition. To emphasize the impact, they claim that this ‘radicalization’ should be applied to all enactivist friendly views, including, another current and potentially revolutionary approach to cognition: predictive processing. In this paper, we will show that this is not the case. After introducing the problem (section 2), we will argue (section 3) that ‘radicalizing’ predictive processing does not add any value to this approach. After this (section 4), we will analyze whether or not radical Enactivism can count as a revolution within cognitive science at all and conclude that it cannot. Finally, in section 5 we will claim that cognitive science is better off when embracing heterogeneity.
Conditional associativity in orthomodular lattices
Authors: Gabriëls Jeannine J. M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
For orthomodular lattices the word problem is still not decided, an important obstacle is the lack of distributivity. But also the absence of the associativity law for operations other than the lattice operations meet and join causes difficulties. In this paper we treat some aspects of associativity in orthomodular lattices.
There are six out of 96 orthomodular operations which are associative. We search for orthomodular lattice operations which fulfil the associative identity under some conditions. Specifically we assume that some arguments commute and identify, for each operation, sufficient conditions under which a triple of elements fulfils the respective associativity identity.
On parametric spaces of bicentric quadrilaterals
Authors: Izadi Farzali , Khoshnam Foad , MacLeod Allan J. , Zargar Arman Shamsi 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In Euclidean geometry, a bicentric quadrilateral is a convex quadrilateral that has both a circumcircle passing through the four vertices and an incircle having the four sides as tangents. Consider a bicentric quadrilateral with rational sides. We discuss the problem of finding such quadrilaterals where the ratio of the radii of the circumcircle and incircle is rational. We show that this problem can be formulated in terms of a family of elliptic curves given by Ea
: y
2 = x
3 + (a
4 − 4a
3 − 2a
2 − 4a + 1)x
2 + 16a
4
x which have, in general, (ℤ/8ℤ), and in rare cases (ℤ/2ℤ × ℤ/8ℤ) as torsion subgroups. We show the existence of infinitely many elliptic curves Ea
of rank at least two with torsion subgroup ℤ/8ℤ, parametrised by the points of an elliptic curve of rank at least one, and give five particular examples of rank 5. We, also, show the existence of a subfamily of Ea
whose torsion subgroup is ℤ/2ℤ × ℤ/8ℤ.
On prime and semiprime generalized hyperaction of hypermonoid
Authors: Shabir Muhammad , Shaheen Salma 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the notion of generalized hyperaction of hypermonoid (GHS-act) on a set, establish its basic properties and prove some fundamental results. We also define the notion of prime, semiprime, irreducible and maximal GHS-subacts and characterize hypermonoid in terms of these GHS-subacts.
Dialogue and Inclusive Education: The Experience of a Rural School in Brazil
Authors: De Oliveira Aquino Maria Gerlandia 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This work examines the teaching method of Paulo Freire implemented in Jaguaquara Rural School, Escola Estadual Rural Taylor-Egídio (ERTE), Brazil. The school was the space where dialogical pedagogy has been analyzed and the dialogue between schools and rural households has been a positive and winning response in the children’s literacy process. This research has shown that, before Freire, rural families had not had an education system able to meet their need; then the study has taken into account some factors responsible for this lack; finally, it has singled out the possibility for an effective implementation in the rural school, according to Freire’s model of dialogic pedagogy. The results of this school experience are relevant from the point of view of socialization, for it fosters literacy in rural areas. We verified that the method proposed by Freire is of great social and cultural value and benefits from great appreciation.
Pass Completion Rate and Match Outcome at the World Cup in Brazil in 2014
Authors: Król Michał , Konefał Marek , Chmura Paweł , Andrzejewski Marcin , Zając Tomasz , Chmura Jan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Introduction. Having possession of the ball makes it possible for the players of a team to undertake a greater number of actions that can help the team win the match. The aim of the current study was to determine the number and completion rate of passes made from different distances in relation to percentage ball possession and the outcome of the match in the group stage of the FIFA World Cup held in Brazil in 2014. Material and methods. The study included 32 teams who participated in the final tournament. The performance of 266 players (682 observations) who played 48 matches in the group stage was examined. Only players who took part in the entire match were included in the research, and goal-keepers were excluded. The data used in the study, which had been recorded by means of the Castrol Performance Index system, were obtained from the FIFA official website. The total number of passes and the percentage of completed passes were analysed, which were classified as short, medium, and long, in relation to the team’s percentage possession of the ball (over and below 50%) and the outcome of the match (win, loss, or draw). Results. Out of the three types of passes which were examined in the study, teams playing in the World Cup in Brazil most often made medium passes. The number of these passes was the highest in matches won. These matches were also characterised by a significantly higher percentage of completed long passes. Conclusions. Players from teams who were in possession of the ball more than 50% of the time performed a higher number of all types of passes, regardless of the outcome of the match. The completion rate for these players was significantly higher only for short and medium passes.
Ibuprofen loaded nano-ethanolic liposomes carbopol gel system: in vitro characterization and anti-inflammatory efficacy assessment in Wistar rats
Authors: Moghaddam Atefeh Afshar , Ahad Abdul , Aqil Mohd. , Ahmad Farhan J. , Sultana Yasmin , Ali Asgar 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to develop and characterize nano-ethanolic liposomes (NEL) for transdermal delivery of ibuprofen (IBU). The NEL for transdermal delivery of IBU were prepared by thin film hydration technique and evaluated for vesicle size, shape, entrapment efficiency, transdermal flux, and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in Wistar rats. The NEL optimized formulation (NEL-Opt) presented vesicle sizes of 32.85±1.98 nm and entrapment efficiency of 86.40±0.55% with improved transdermal flux. The presence of ethanol and flexibility of NEL could be the reasons for better permeation enhancement of IBU via rat’s skin. In vivo anti-inflammatory study of IBU-loaded NEL-Opt gel showed significant reduction (41.18%) of edema in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema as compared to conventional gel of IBU, where reduction of edema was found to be 12.50%. Our results suggest that developed NEL formulations are efficient systems for transdermal IBU delivery against inflammation. The stability study confirmed that the NEL-Opt gel formulation was considerably stable at refrigerator temperature. Our results concluded that NEL are an efficient carrier for transdermal delivery of IBU.
Learning Morphological Normalization for Translation from and into Morphologically Rich Languages
Authors: Burlot Franck , Yvon François 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
When translating between a morphologically rich language (MRL) and English, word forms in the MRL often encode grammatical information that is irrelevant with respect to English, leading to data sparsity issues. This problem can be mitigated by removing from the MRL irrelevant information through normalization. Such preprocessing is usually performed in a deterministic fashion, using hand-crafted rules and yielding suboptimal representations. We introduce here a simple way to automatically compute an appropriate normalization of the MRL and show that it can improve machine translation in both directions.
Integration of a Multilingual Preordering Component into a Commercial SMT Platform
Authors: Ramm Anita , Superbo Riccardo , Shterionov Dimitar , O’Dowd Tony , Fraser Alexander 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present a multilingual preordering component tailored for a commercial Statistical Machine translation platform. In commercial settings, issues such as processing speed as well as the ability to adapt models to the customers’ needs play a significant role and have a big impact on the choice of approaches that are added to the custom pipeline to deal with specific problems such as long-range reorderings.We developed a fast and customisable preordering component, also available as an open-source tool, which comes along with a generic implementation that is restricted neither to the translation platform nor to the Machine Translation paradigm. We test preordering on three language pairs: English →Japanese/German/Chinese for both Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) and Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Our experiments confirm previously reported improvements in the SMT output when the models are trained on preordered data, but they also show that preordering does not improve NMT.
Comparative Quality Estimation for Machine Translation Observations on Machine Learning and Features
Authors: Avramidis Eleftherios 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA deeper analysis on Comparative Quality Estimation is presented by extending the state-of-the-art methods with adequacy and grammatical features from other Quality Estimation tasks. The previously used linear method, unable to cope with the augmented features, is replaced with a boosting classifier assisted by feature selection. The methods indicated show improved performance for 6 language pairs, when applied on the output from MT systems developed over 7 years. The improved models compete better with reference-aware metrics.Notable conclusions are reached through the examination of the contribution of the features in the models, whereas it is possible to identify common MT errors that are captured by the features. Many grammatical/fluency features have a good contribution, few adequacy features have some contribution, whereas source complexity features are of no use. The importance of many fluency and adequacy features is language-specific.
Impact of Trichoderma sp. on the Development of Heterobasidion Annosum in Decayed Understory Picea Abies Stumps
Authors: Kenigsvalde Kristīne , Nitiša Dina , Saulīte Dace , Korhonen Kari , Vulfa Līvija , Nikolajeva Vizma , Kļaviņa Dārta , Brūna Lauma , Gaitnieks Tālis 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. s.l. causes significant economic losses in conifer forests. Therefore, to reduce the spread of the infection surfaces of freshly cut conifer, stumps are commonly treated with biological control agents. Trichoderma sp. shows very strong antagonistic effect against H. annosum in vitro, but relatively few field studies have been conducted. Moreover, most of previous studies examined the impact of Trichoderma sp. on H. annosum in healthy conifer stumps. The aim of our work was to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma sp. against H. annosum in already decayed understory spruce stumps. In total, 75 decayed spruce stumps were surveyed. Part of the spruce stumps were left as a control, and the others were treated with one of two Trichoderma isolates (T472 and T945) belonging to two different species: T. viridescens and T. viride. The occurrence of H. annosum was evaluated 3 and 12 months after treatment. The main results were that the area of previously healthy wood occupied by H. annosum was larger in control stumps in comparison with treated stumps, but the differences were not statistically significant.