bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The emergence and stability of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in boys with fragile X syndrome
Authors: Grefer M. , Flory K. , Cornish K. , Hatton D. , Roberts J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundChildren with fragile X syndrome (FXS) are at high risk for developing a range of behavioural disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, very few studies have investigated the comorbid profile of FXS and ADHD and the possible dissociation from the FXS and ASD profile. The present study examined the relationship of childhood temperament characteristics of the Surgency facet (activity level, impulsivity, approach, shyness, and smiling and laughter) and the severity of ADHD and ASD features at two measurement time points in childhood, preschool (ages 3–4) and at school entry (ages 5–6).MethodsThe study consisted of males with FXS measured at each time point (preschool and school entry), as well as comparison of typically developing (TD) boys at the preschool measurement time point. Parent reported measures of temperament and behavioural symptoms were collected at each time point. Multiple regression analyses were used to analyse obtained data.ResultsElevated activity level scores are associated with ADHD scores at preschool age and elevated shyness and decreased smiling and laughter are strongly associated with ADHD scores upon school entry. Impulsivity emerges as a strong indicator of elevated ADHD scores around school age, but even preschool impulsivity scores demonstrate some predictive value for higher ADHD scores later in school. Finally, no Surgency characteristic was significantly related to ASD scores at any age.ConclusionsImpulsivity serves as an indicator of elevated ADHD symptoms across development periods in boys with FXS, while activity level is just indicative of higher ADHD scores at the preschool age. The Surgency facet of temperament at either age does not predict strong relationships of comorbid pathologies of ADHD and ASD in FXS. However, Surgency characteristics may serve as informative discriminative factors when studying behavioural outcomes in boys with FXS.
Anatomical Society core regional anatomy syllabus for undergraduate medicine: the Delphi process
Authors: Smith C.F. , Finn G. M. , Stewart J. , McHanwell S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA modified Delphi method was employed to seek consensus when revising the UK and Ireland's core syllabus for regional anatomy in undergraduate medicine. A Delphi panel was constructed involving ‘expert’ (individuals with at least 5 years’ experience in teaching medical students anatomy at the level required for graduation). The panel (n = 39) was selected and nominated by members of Council and/or the Education Committee of the Anatomical Society and included a range of specialists including surgeons, radiologists and anatomists. The experts were asked in two stages to ‘accept’, ‘reject’ or ‘modify’ (first stage only) each learning outcome. A third stage, which was not part of the Delphi method, then allowed the original authors of the syllabus to make changes either to correct any anatomical errors or to make minor syntax changes. From the original syllabus of 182 learning outcomes, removing the neuroanatomy component (163), 23 learning outcomes (15%) remained unchanged, seven learning outcomes were removed and two new learning outcomes added. The remaining 133 learning outcomes were modified. All learning outcomes on the new core syllabus achieved over 90% acceptance by the panel.
Progenitor cell niches in the human pancreatic duct system and associated pancreatic duct glands: an anatomical and immunophenotyping study
Authors: Carpino Guido , Renzi Anastasia , Cardinale Vincenzo , Franchitto Antonio , Onori Paolo , Overi Diletta , Rossi Massimo , Berloco Pasquale Bartolomeo , Alvaro Domenico , Reid Lola M. , Gaudio Eugenio 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPancreatic duct glands (PDGs) are tubule‐alveolar glands associated with the pancreatic duct system and can be considered the anatomical counterpart of peribiliary glands (PBGs) found within the biliary tree. Recently, we demonstrated that endodermal precursor niches exist fetally and postnatally and are composed functionally of stem cells and progenitors within PBGs and of committed progenitors within PDGs. Here we have characterized more extensively the anatomy of human PDGs as novel niches containing cells with multiple phenotypes of committed progenitors. Human pancreata (n = 15) were obtained from cadaveric adult donors. Specimens were processed for histology, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. PDGs were found in the walls of larger pancreatic ducts (diameters > 300 μm) and constituted nearly 4% of the duct wall area. All of the cells identified were negative for nuclear expression of Oct4, a pluripotency gene, and so are presumably committed progenitors and not stem cells. In the main pancreatic duct and in large interlobular ducts, Sox9+ cells represented 5–30% of the cells within PDGs and were located primarily at the bottom of PDGs, whereas rare and scattered Sox9+ cells were present within the surface epithelium. The expression of PCNA, a marker of cell proliferation, paralleled the distribution of Sox9 expression. Sox9+ PDG cells proved to be Pdx1+/Ngn3+/–/Oct4A−. Nearly 10% of PDG cells were positive for insulin or glucagon. Intercalated ducts contained Sox9+/Pdx1+/Ngn3+ cells, a phenotype that is presumptive of committed endocrine progenitors. Some intercalated ducts appeared in continuity with clusters of insulin‐positive cells organized in small pancreatic islet‐like structures. In summary, PDGs represent niches of a population of Sox9+ cells exhibiting a pattern of phenotypic traits implicating a radial axis of maturation from the bottoms of the PDGs to the surface of pancreatic ducts. Our results complete the anatomical background that links biliary and pancreatic tracts and could have important implications for the common patho‐physiology of biliary tract and pancreas.
Effect of auricular acupressure for postpartum insomnia: an uncontrolled clinical trial
Authors: Ko Yi‐Li , Lin Shih‐Chi , Lin Pi‐Chu 
Published: November 2015

Aims and objectivesThis study examined the effects of auricular acupressure therapy on women with postpartum insomnia.BackgroundPostpartum women generally have poor sleep quality because of frequent night‐time breastfeeding during the first month after giving birth.DesignA one‐group pretest/post‐test quasi‐experiment was conducted.MethodsA convenience sampling method was used to recruit participants at a postpartum centre (doing‐the‐month centre) in Northern Taiwan, from January 2014–July 2014. Thirty women with postpartum insomnia received auricular acupressure therapy on one auricular point (Shenmen point pressing) four times a day for 14 days. The Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality before and after the 14‐day treatment.ResultsAfter the 14‐day auricular acupressure treatment, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total scores of the women decreased from 8·7 (pretest) to 5·57 (post‐test, 36% reduction). Scores on the subscales of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, including sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration and sleep disturbance, also statistically improved (p < 0·05).ConclusionsHormone changes and frequent breastfeeding were identified as characteristics that may exacerbate poor sleep quality of postpartum women, for whom the auricular acupressure intervention may effectively improve sleep quality.Relevance to clinical practiceAuricular acupressure can be an alternative complementary therapy to aid postpartum women with insomnia in improving sleep quality.
Combined Implantation of a Penile Prosthesis and Adjustable Continence Therapy ProACT in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction and Urinary Incontinence After Radical Prostatectomy: Results of a Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Yiou René , Binhas Michèle 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The treatment of postradical prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (post-RP-ED) and stress urinary incontinence (post-RP-SUI) may require the combined implantation of a penile prosthesis and incontinence surgery. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding which incontinence surgery should be associated with a penile implant.

Aims
To evaluate the combined implantation of a penile prosthesis and the adjustable continence therapy ProACT in patients with post-RP-ED and post-RP-SUI.

Methods
We implanted the ProACT device and a penile prosthesis synchronously (n = 6) and asynchronously (n = 4) in 10 patients with moderate post-RP-SUI and severe post-RP-ED. We evaluated the effects on urinary incontinence using the ICIQ and PGI-I scores and pad use. We evaluated the effect on sexual function using the EHS and Global Assessment Questionnaire (GAQ), and we evaluated satisfaction with the penile prosthesis on a 5-point scale. Postoperative pain associated with each procedure was evaluated by a numeric rating scale.

Results
No cases of urinary retention or prosthesis infection were observed. Postoperative pain was mainly related to penile prosthesis implantation. After a mean follow-up of 22.7 ± 20.9 months (range: 6–53), significant improvements of the ICIQ score (15.3 ± 3.7 vs. 4.7 ± 2.3, P  &lt; 0.001) and pad use per day (2.8 ± 1.2 vs. 0.3 ± 0.5, P  &lt; 0.001) were observed compared with baseline. According to the PGI-I questionnaire, eight patients described a very much improved (n = 6) or much improved (n = 2) urinary condition. All patients declared an EHS = 4 with the use of penile prosthesis; all patients were very satisfied (n = 6) or satisfied (n = 4) with their penile prosthesis. All patients answered the GAQ positively.

Conclusion
The combined implantation of a Pro-ACT device and penile prosthesis represents a feasible therapeutic option in patients with post-RP-SUI and post-RP-ED. The absence of postoperative pain associated with the ProACT procedure may represent the main interest in this therapy.
Acute lumbosacral nerve stimulation does not affect anorectal motor function in a rodent model
Authors: Devane L. A. , Evers J. , Scott M. S. , Knowles C. H. , O'Connell P. , Jones J. F. X. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundSacral nerve stimulation has become a first line treatment for fecal incontinence, however, its effect on the motor function of the anorectum is uncertain. The aim of this study was to apply acute lumbosacral nerve stimulation in an animal model and to determine its effect on the external and internal anal sphincter forces, the rectoanal inhibitory and excitatory reflexes, and the slow wave frequency of the internal anal sphincter.MethodsLumbosacral nerve stimulation was applied to 16 nulliparous female rats. A novel in vivo preparation was designed to allow simultaneous monitoring of external and internal anal sphincter forces. The effect of rectal distension on the two anal sphincters was also studied.Key ResultsLumbosacral nerve stimulation delivered at either S1 or L6 in rodents did not affect sphincter forces, rectoanal reflexes or slow wave frequency of anal canal smooth muscle.Conclusions & InferencesThe absence of effect on the motor pathways of continence suggests that the mechanism of action is predominantly on sensory feedback mechanisms from the anorectum, thereby increasing cortical awareness of the pelvic floor.
The LysM receptor‐like kinase SlLYK10 regulates the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in tomato
Authors: Buendia Luis , Wang Tongming , Girardin Ariane , Lefebvre Benoit 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Most plants have the ability to establish a symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which allows better plant nutrition. A plant signaling pathway, called the common symbiosis signaling pathway (CSSP), is essential for the establishment of both AM and root nodule symbioses. The CSSP is activated by microbial signals. Plant receptor(s) for AM fungal signals required for the activation of the CSSP and initial fungal penetration are currently unknown.

We set up conditions to use virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) in Solanum lycopersicum to study the genes potentially involved in AM.

We show that the lysin motif receptor‐like kinase SlLYK10, whose orthologs in legumes are essential for nodulation, but not for AM, and SlCCaMK, a component of the CSSP, are required for penetration of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis into the roots of young tomato plants.

Our results support the hypothesis that the SILYK10 ancestral gene originally played a role in AM and underwent duplication and neofunctionalization for a role in nodulation in legumes. Moreover, we conclude that VIGS is an efficient method for fast screening of genes playing major roles in AM.
Development of broad‐spectrum bacterial blight resistance into thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile lines
Authors: Jiang Jiefeng , Mi Jiaming , Ali Jauhar , Mou Tongmin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTwo‐line hybrid rice technology is an effective way to increase rice production and improve rice quality. In this study, three bacterial blight (BB) resistance genes, Xa7, Xa21 and Xa23, were introgressed separately into C815S, a popular thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line to develop five BB‐resistant lines (Hua1005S, Hua1002S, Hua1009S, Hua1006S and Hua1001S) to be resistant against seven races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The two‐line hybrids with heterozygous Xa23 were resistant against seven Xoo strains. But, the hybrids with heterozygous loci for both Xa7 and Xa21 were only resistant against three Xoo strains and were moderately susceptible to the other four strains indicating the role of modifiers influencing the poor expression of dominant BB resistance genes under heterozygous state. Among them, Hua1006S was found to be a promising TGMS line with its higher degree of disease resistance level on account of broad‐spectrum resistance gene Xa23 besides possessing better plant type and rice grain quality features.
Clinical predictors of hospital admission in acute lower respiratory tract infection in 2 months to 2‐year‐old children
Authors: Mahajan Vidushi , Tiwari Mudita , Arya Adhi , Tiwari Abhimanyu , Chawla Deepak , Saini Shiv Sajan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveAcute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) are a common cause of paediatric emergency visits in young children. We studied risk factors for hospitalization and developed a clinical score for predicting hospitalization among 2 months to 2‐year‐old children with ALRI.MethodsWe conducted this prospective cohort study in the paediatric emergency department of a tertiary‐care teaching hospital in India. Consecutive children, aged 2 months to 2 years with ALRI were enrolled from 15 December 2011 to 14 December 2012. A total of 26 a priori identified, putative risk factors were studied among enrolled children. We determined independent predictors of hospital admission (primary outcome) through multi‐variable logistic regression analysis and assimilated them into a clinical risk score using regression coefficients.ResultsA total of 240 children (130 admissions) with ALRI were enrolled. Eleven clinical risk factors, which displayed association with hospital admission on univariate analysis (P < 0.1), were entered into multi‐variable logistic regression analysis. Five factors retained independent association and were incorporated in a predictive score for hospitalization: tachypnoea (score of 5), chest retractions (score of 3), temperature > 37.8°C (score of 3), SpO2 < 92% at room air (score of 4), GCS < 15 (score of 6). Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75–0.85, P < 0.001).ConclusionFive clinical risk factors—tachypnoea, chest retractions, fever > 37.8°C, SpO2 < 92% and GCS < 15—independently predicted hospital admission in infants with ALRI. A novel clinical score predicting hospital admission is presented.
Ore and Skarn Mineralogy of the Yamato Mine, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, with Emphasis on Silver‐, Bismuth‐, Cobalt‐, and Tin‐bearing Sulfides
Authors: Nagashima Mariko , Akasaka Masahide , Morifuku Yoji 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAssemblages and chemical compositions of ore minerals from the Yamato mine, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, were investigated in detail to clarify its characteristics as a skarn deposit. Special attention was paid to silver‐, bismuth‐, cobalt‐, and tin‐bearing sulfide minerals and native gold at the mine, which are described here for the first time. Samples of arsenopyrite‐dominant massive ore, and garnet‐rich, clinopyroxene‐garnet‐rich, and wollastonite‐bearing skarn ores were collected from the mine dump. Arsenopyrite is the most abundant ore mineral (>80 vol.%) in the massive ore, in association with both As‐poor/free and As‐bearing pyrite. The major ore minerals in the skarn specimens are pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite, along with minor argentite, Ag‐Pb‐Bi sulfate, matildite, bismuthinite, native bismuth, molybdenite, scheelite, stannite, stannoidite, cassiterite, cobaltite, gersdorffite, and Co‐rich violarite. In addition, native gold is observed in the interstices of gangue minerals. Based on the mineral assemblages and textures of the specimens examined, the major ore minerals formed in the early stage of mineralization, and the Bi‐, Ag‐, Co‐, Ni‐, As‐ and Sn‐mineralization occurred in the middle stage. Native gold was deposited in the late stage. The estimated formation temperature of the middle mineralization stage was 312±5 °C, according to iron and zinc partitioning between stannite and coexisting sphalerite. The mineralogical properties and mineralization process of the Yamato mine are consistent with those of common skarn‐ and vein‐type ore deposits associated with ilmenite‐series granitoids in the San‐yo and San‐in districts.
High‐Speed Rail and Rural Livelihood: The Wuhan‐Guangzhou Line and Qiya Village
Authors: Liu Shujing , Kesteloot Christian 
Published: November 2015

AbstractChina has started to develop the world's largest high‐speed rail network in the twenty‐first century with the general aims of developing the economy and increasing environmental sustainability. Meanwhile economic reforms have created massive movements of rural workers towards urban labour markets. The co‐existence of these movements with a HSR network raises the question about the impacts of the HSR on rural migrants and the livelihoods in their villages. This paper seeks to analyse these impacts from a livelihood perspective. Two main roles of transport are analysed: transport as delivering access to new economic opportunities and transport as an industry providing employment. Statistical data and fieldwork evidence in Qiya, a small village in Hunan province, show that the opening of the Wuhan‐Guangzhou HSR line decreased their access to places of employment both in terms of cost and time, but the HSR construction created employment opportunities for the villagers.
Determinants of Intra‐Distribution Dynamics in European Regions: An Empirical Assessment of the Role of Structural Intervention
Authors: Fabrizi Enrico , Guastella Gianni , Marta Stefano , Timpano Francesco 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper examines the dynamic of income distribution in European regions and attempts to relate movements within this distribution to regional structural characteristics and to the impact of cohesion policy (CP). There is evidence that CP supports advanced economic development in lagging and peripheral regions, hence contributing to the ‘convergence objective’. The effectiveness of CP, however, depends on the manner in which funds are managed by single regions: the likelihood of progressing in the income distribution is associated, in fact, to the balance between investments in infrastructure and the productive environment, favouring the former. Evidence presented in this paper also relates regional economic performance to the educational level and innovation in regions, providing useful insights for the current debate about reshaping EU cohesion policy toward a more place‐based approach.
The tomato HD‐Zip I transcription factor SlHZ24 modulates ascorbate accumulation through positive regulation of the d‐mannose/l‐galactose pathway
Authors: Hu Tixu , Ye Jie , Tao Peiwen , Li Hanxia , Zhang Junhong , Zhang Yuyang , Ye Zhibiao 
Published: November 2015

SummaryAscorbate (AsA) is an antioxidant that can scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced when plants encounter stressful conditions. Here, it was revealed by a yeast one‐hybrid assay that a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) HD‐Zip I family transcription factor, SlHZ24, binds to the promoter of an AsA biosynthetic gene encoding GDP‐d‐mannose pyrophosphorylase 3 (SlGMP3). Both the transient expression system and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that SlHZ24 binds to a regulatory cis‐element in the SlGMP3 promoter, and further overexpression of SlHZ24 in transgenic tomato lines resulted in increased AsA levels. In contrast, suppressing expression of the gene using RNA interference (RNAi) had the opposite effect. These data suggest that SlHZ24 can positively regulate the accumulation of AsA, and in support of this it was shown that SlGMP3 expression increased in the SlHZ24‐overexpressing lines and declined in SlHZ24‐RNAi lines. SlHZ24 also affected the expression of other genes in the d‐mannose/l‐galactose pathway, such as genes encoding GDP‐mannose‐3′,5′‐epimerase 2 (SlGME2), GDP‐l‐galactose phosphorylase (SlGGP) and SlGMP4. The EMSA indicated that SlHZ24 bound to the promoters of SlGME2 and SlGGP, suggesting multi‐targeted regulation of AsA biosynthesis. Finally, SlHZ24‐overexpressing plants showed less sensitivity to oxidative stress; we therefore conclude that SlHZ24 promotes AsA biosynthesis, which in turn enhances oxidative stress tolerance.
Germostatin resistance locus 1 encodes a PHD finger protein involved in auxin‐mediated seed dormancy and germination
Authors: Ye Yajin , Gong Ziying , Lu Xiao , Miao Deyan , Shi Jianmin , Lu Juan , Zhao Yang 
Published: November 2015

SummarySeed dormancy and germination are important physiological processes during the life cycle of a seed plant. Recently, auxin has been characterized as a positive regulator that functions during seed dormancy and as a negative regulator during germination. Through chemical genetic screenings, we have identified a small molecule, germostatin (GS), which effectively inhibits seed germination in Arabidopsis. GSR1 (germostatin resistance locus 1) encodes a tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) finger protein, identified by screening GS‐resistant mutants. Certain PHD fingers of GSR1 are capable of binding unmethylated H3K4, which has been reported as an epigenetic mark of gene transcriptional repression. Biochemical studies show that GSR1 physically interacts with the transcriptional repressor ARF16 and attenuates the intensity of interaction of IAA17/ARF16 by directly interacting with IAA17 to release ARF16. Further results show that axr3‐1, arf10 arf16 are hyposensitive to GS, and gsr1 not only resists auxin‐mediated inhibition of seed germination but also displays decreased dormancy. We therefore propose that GSR1 may form a co‐repressor with ARF16 to regulate seed germination. Besides promoting auxin biosynthesis via upregulating expression of YUCCA1, GS also enhances auxin responses by inducing degradation of DΙΙ‐VENUS and upregulating expression of DR5‐GFP. In summary, we identified GSR1 as a member of the auxin‐mediated seed germination genetic network, and GS, a small non‐auxin molecule that specifically acts on auxin‐mediated seed germination.