bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Bisorbicillinoid Natural Products by Enzymatic Oxidative Dearomatization/Dimerization
Authors: Sib Anna , Gulder Tobias A. M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNatural products are a virtually inexhaustible source of small molecules with spectacular molecular architectures and biomedical potential. Their structural complexity generates formidable challenges to total synthesis but often also precludes time‐ and resource‐efficient, stereoselective synthetic access. Biosynthetically, nature frequently uses dimerization and oligomerization reactions to produce highly challenging frameworks from simple starting materials. Impressive examples are the bisorbicillinoids, a family of fungal natural products thought to originate from the polyketide precursor sorbicillin. Utilizing the recombinant oxidoreductase SorbC from the sorbicillin biosynthetic gene cluster, a robust, fully stereoselective synthesis of bisorbicillinoid natural products and unnatural side‐chain analogues was developed.
On‐Surface Formation of Cumulene by Dehalogenative Homocoupling of Alkenyl gem‐Dibromides
Authors: Sun Qiang , Tran Bay V. , Cai Liangliang , Ma Honghong , Yu Xin , Yuan Chunxue , Stöhr Meike , Xu Wei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe on‐surface activation of carbon–halogen groups is an efficient route to produce radicals for constructing various hydrocarbons and carbon nanostructures. To date, the employed halide precursors have only one halogen attached to a carbon atom. It is thus of interest to study the effect of attaching more than one halogen atom to a carbon atom with the aim of producing multiple unpaired electrons. By introducing an alkenyl gem‐dibromide, cumulene products were fabricated on a Au(111) surface by dehalogenative homocoupling reactions. The reaction products and pathways were unambiguously characterized by a combination of high‐resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and non‐contact atomic force microscopy measurements together with density functional calculations. This study further supplements the database of on‐surface synthesis strategies and provides a facile manner for incorporation of more complicated carbon scaffolds into surface nanostructures.
Dithiocarbamate functionalized Al(OH)3‐polyacrylamide adsorbent for rapid and efficient removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II)
Authors: Liu Ya , Qian Peng , Yu Yang , Xiao Li , Wang Yongliang , Ye Shufeng , Chen Yunfa 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTHeavy metal ions such as Cu2+ and Pb2+ impose a significant risk to the environment and human health due to their high toxicity and non‐degradable characteristics. Herein, Al(OH)3‐polyacrylamide chemically modified with dithiocarbamates (Al‐PAM‐DTCs) was synthesized using formaldehyde, diethylenetriamine, carbon disulfide, and sodium hydroxide for rapid and efficient removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis, and transmission electron microscope measurements. Al‐PAM‐DTCs showed rapid removal of Cu2+ (<30 min) and Pb2+ (<15 min) with high adsorption capacities of 416.959 mg/g and 892.505 mg/g for Cu2+ and Pb2+ respectively. Al‐PAM‐DTCs also had high capacities in removing suspended solids and metal ions simultaneously in turbid bauxite suspensions. FTIR, thermodynamic study, and elemental mapping were used to determine the adsorption mechanism. The rapid, convenient, and effective adsorption of Cu2+ and Pb2+ indicated that Al‐PAM‐DTCs has great potential for practical applications in purification of other heavy metal ions from aquatic systems. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45431.
Holistic Information Integration in Child Decision Making
Authors: Lindow Stefanie , Lang Anna , Betsch Tilmann 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWeighted‐additive (WADD) strategies require decision makers to integrate multiple values weighted by their relevance. From what age can children make choices in line with such a WADD‐strategy? We compare multi‐attribute decisions of children (6–7; 8–10; 11–12‐year‐olds) with adults in an open information‐board environment without pre‐decisional information search. In two experiments, we classify decision strategies based on individual choice patterns and find that in all age groups the majority of participants are users of a WADD‐strategy. Simple decision heuristics such as lexicographic strategies were applied rarely by children and not at all by adults. In two additional follow‐up studies, we further investigate the underlying process of WADD‐application by analysing decision latencies in combination with a retrospective think‐aloud study. Results suggest that children did not apply WADD‐strategies in a deliberate fashion in our experiments. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the ability to make good and quick decisions by holistically integrating information is already present in young children. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual, Site‐Specific Modification of Antibodies by Using Solid‐Phase Immobilized Microbial Transglutaminase
Authors: Spycher Philipp R. , Amann Christian A. , Wehrmüller Jöri E. , Hurwitz David R. , Kreis Olivier , Messmer Daniel , Ritler Andreas , Küchler Andreas , Blanc Alain , Béhé Martin , Walde Peter , Schibli Roger 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMicrobial transglutaminase (MTG) was stably solid‐phase immobilized on glass microbeads by using a second‐generation dendronized polymer. Immobilized MTG enabled the efficient generation of site‐specifically conjugated proteins, including antibody fragments, as well as whole antibodies through distinct glutamines and, unprecedentedly, also through lysines with various bifunctional substrates with defined stoichiometries. With this method, we generated dual, site‐specifically modified antibodies comprising a fluorescent probe and a metal chelator for radiolabeling—a strategy anticipated to design antibodies for imaging and simultaneous therapy. Furthermore, we provide evidence that immobilized MTG features higher siteselectivity than soluble MTG.
Synthetic Arabinomannan Heptasaccharide Glycolipids Inhibit Biofilm Growth and Augment Isoniazid Effects in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Maiti Krishnagopal , Syal Kirtimaan , Chatterji Dipankar , Jayaraman Narayanaswamy 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBiofilm formation, involving attachment to an adherent surface, is a critical survival strategy of mycobacterial colonies in hostile environmental conditions. Here we report the synthesis of heptasaccharide glycolipids based on mannopyranoside units anchored on to a branched arabinofuranoside core. Two types of glycolipids—2,3‐branched and 2,5‐branched—were synthesized and evaluated for their efficacies in inhibiting biofilm growth by the non‐pathogenic mycobacterium variant Mycobacterium smegmatis. Biofilm formation was inhibited at a minimum biofilm growth inhibition concentration (MBIC) of 100 μg mL−1 in the case of the 2,5‐branched heptasaccharide glycolipid. Further, we were able to ascertain that a combination of the drug isoniazid with the branched heptasaccharide glycolipid (50 μg mL−1) potentiates the drug, making it three times more effective, with an improved MBIC of 30 μg mL−1. These studies establish that synthetic glycolipids not only act as inhibitors of biofilm growth, but also provide a synergistic effect when combined with significantly lowered concentrations of isoniazid to disrupt the biofilm structures of the mycobacteria.
Selecting Chiral BINOL‐Derived Phosphoric Acid Catalysts: General Model To Identify Steric Features Essential for Enantioselectivity
Authors: Reid Jolene P. , Goodman Jonathan M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChoosing the optimal catalyst for a new transformation is challenging because the ideal molecular requirements of the catalyst for one reaction do not always simply translate to another. Large groups at the 3,3′ positions of the binaphthol rings are important for efficient stereoinduction but if they are too large this can lead to unusual or poor results. By applying a quantitative steric assessment of the substituents at the 3,3′ positions of the binaphthol ring, we have systematically studied the effect of modulating this group on enantioselectivity for a wide range of reactions involving imines, and verified this analysis using ONIOM calculations. We have shown that in most reactions, the stereochemical outcome depends on both proximal and remote sterics. Summarising detailed calculations into a simple qualitative model identifies and explains the steric features required for high selectivity. This model is consistent with seventy seven papers reporting reactions (over 1000 transformations in total), and provides a straightforward decision tree for selecting the best catalyst.
Optical Detection of Photorelease Kinetics on Gold and Glass Surfaces using Streptavidin‐Coupled Biotinylated Photolabile Protecting Groups for Nucleosides
Authors: Drexler Katja , Smirnova Julia , Galetskaya Marina , Schweizer Nina , Gauglitz Günter. , Steiner Ulrich E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFive biotinylated photolabile compounds of the general structure Bt‐L1‐NPPOC‐X‐L2 were synthesized, in which Bt represents a biotin unit, L1 is a 3,6‐dioxa‐n‐octane or an n‐hexane spacer, NPPOC is the photolabile protecting group 2‐(2‐nitrophenyl)propoxycarbonyl, and X is a thymidine unit as a representative nucleoside or a direct linkage to L2, an ω‐mercapto‐ or ω‐aminohexoyl linker, for coupling to a substrate surface. These compounds served for testing the photocleavage kinetics in self‐assembled monolayers on gold or glass by using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) on gold or reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS) on glass, whereby the biotin moiety offered the possibility to increase the bulkiness of the leaving group by binding to streptavidin, which thereby largely enhanced the SPR or RIfS signals. The photokinetics, found to consist in a dominating fast stage and a less contributing slow stage, were quantitatively analyzed, and the quantum yield of the fast part reached values up to almost 1 in favorable cases. A direct comparison of the results from SPR and RIfS yielded almost identical results. The present investigations pave the way to in situ monitoring of the photolithographic synthesis of DNA chips.
Beyond Ryff's scale: Comprehensive measures of eudaimonic well‐being in clinical populations. A systematic review
Authors: Brandel Martina , Vescovelli Francesca , Ruini Chiara 
Published: August 2017

Eudaimonic well‐being that protects mental and physical health has received increasing attention. This investigation aimed to review which comprehensive instruments for measuring eudaimonic well‐being were applied with clinical populations (reporting mental or physical illnesses), beyond Ryff's Psychological Well‐Being Scale.Articles citing at least 1 of the measures of eudaimonic well‐being identified by previous theoretical work were extracted from medical and psychological electronic databases and screened. Only investigations involving clinical populations were included and reviewed.An initial screening identified 5,065 articles using eudaimonic well‐being measures, out of which only 28 articles encompassed clinical populations and could be included. Sixteen involved patients with mental disorders and 12 populations with medical conditions. In these articles, only 4 measures of eudaimonic well‐being were used (Mental Health Continuum, Flourishing Scale, General Causality Orientations Scale, and Orientations to Happiness Subscales), out of the 12 currently available in literature. The Mental Health Continuum was the most used instrument, particularly in adults with depression, whose levels of eudaimonic well‐being are impaired, but may be improved by specific interventions. Autonomy appeared to influence patients' motivation to treatment, both in mental and physical disorders.The need for a larger consensus regarding specific measures of eudaimonic well‐being for clinical populations emerged. The importance of including assessment of positive functioning as an indicator of recovery in clinical domains is discussed.
Combining Cytotoxicity Assessment and Xenopus laevis Phenotypic Abnormality Assay as a Predictor of Nanomaterial Safety
Authors: Al‐Yousuf Karamallah , Webster Carl A. , Wheeler Grant N. , Bombelli Francesca Baldelli , Sherwood Victoria 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, has been used as an efficient pre‐clinical screening tool to predict drug safety during the early stages of the drug discovery process. X. laevis is a relatively inexpensive model that can be used in whole organism high‐throughput assays whilst maintaining a high degree of homology to the higher vertebrate models often used in scientific research. Despite an ever‐increasing volume of biomedical nanoparticles (NPs) in development, their unique physico‐chemical properties challenge the use of standard toxicology assays. Here, we present a protocol that directly compares the sensitivity of X. laevis development as a tool to assess potential NP toxicity by observation of embryo phenotypic abnormalities/lethality after NP exposure, to in vitro cytotoxicity obtained using mammalian cell lines. In combination with conventional cytotoxicity assays, the X. laevis phenotypic assay provides accurate data to efficiently assess the safety of novel biomedical NPs. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Intracellular Cytokine Detection by Flow Cytometry in Surface Marker‐Defined Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear T Cells
Authors: Lauer Fredine T. , Denson Jesse L. , Beswick Ellen , Burchiel Scott W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn a recent unit in this series, protocols for the isolation, cryopreservation, thawing, and immunophenotyping of HPBMC isolated from peripheral whole blood using cell surface marker (CSM) staining and multi‐color flow cytometry analysis were presented. The current procedure describes the detection and quantification of CSM and intracellular markers (ICM), including transcription factors and cytokines, following activation and differentiation of CD4+ T‐cells using multi‐color flow cytometry. Results indicated that repeatable and robust detection of ICM could be obtained in surface marker‐defined T cells that identify functional subsets of cells. There were no observed differences between fresh and cryopreserved HPBMC in eight phenotypes analyzed (T‐CD3, Th‐CD4, Tmem‐CD45RO, activated T‐CD3/CD25, Treg‐ Foxp3/CD25, Th1‐IFNγ, Th2‐ IL‐4, Th17‐IL‐17A). There was an observed difference in activated T‐ CD3/CD69 in the short term (30‐90 days) cryopreserved samples as compared to the freshly isolated samples, which may have resulted from the variance in controls or small sample size. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Use of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived‐Cardiomyocytes to Study Drug‐Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Maillet Agnes , Tan Kim Peng , Brunham Liam R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDrug‐induced cardiotoxicity is the one of the most common causes of drug withdrawal from market. A major barrier in managing the risk of drug‐induced cardiotoxicity has been the lack of relevant models to study cardiac safety. Human pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC‐CMs) have great potential in drug discovery and cardiotoxcity screens as they display many characteristics of the human myocardium and offer unlimited supply. This unit describes how to use pluripotent stem cells derived cardiomyocytes to study drug‐induced cardiotoxicty using doxorubicin as an example. We present a workflow that explains procedure for editing hPSC using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and for differentiation of hPSC into cardiomyocytes. We also report protocols to study drug effect on ROS production, intracellular calcium concentration, formation of DNA double strand breaks, gene expression and electrophysiological properties of hPSC‐CMs. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluating Dihydroazulene/Vinylheptafulvene Photoswitches for Solar Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Wang Zhihang , Udmark Jonas , Börjesson Karl , Rodrigues Rita , Roffey Anna , Abrahamsson Maria , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted , Moth‐Poulsen Kasper 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover are the groups of Kasper Moth‐Poulsen at Chalmers University of Technology and Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen at University of Copenhagen. The cover image shows a conceptual graphic of molecular solar thermal energy storage system (MOST) for outdoor facilities. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201700679.
Case of chondroid syringoma mimicking a nodular hidradenoma: A diagnostic pitfall on cytopathology
Authors: Shalini Bahadur , Akshi Katyal , Namrata Nargotra , Shilpi Soni , Manupriya Nain 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLimited literature is available on the use of fine needle aspiration (FNA) for skin tumors. Awareness of cytological features of these lesions is important to prevent misdiagnosis. A 45‐year‐old male, presented with slowly growing swelling over the thigh since 4 years. FNA from multiple sites yielded highly cellular smears with a dual cell population consisting of cells with small round nucleus scanty cytoplasm and polygonal cells with moderate to abundant cytoplasm. Extracellular basement membrane like material was also noted. A diagnosis of benign adnexal neoplasm, suggestive of nodular hidradenoma was made. Paraffin sections showed an encapsulated dermal tumor composed of ductal and myoepithelial cells in ducts, sheets, strands with chondromyxoid stroma. A final diagnosis of chondroid syringoma was given following evaluation of histopathology slides and Immunohistochemistry. FNA interpretation of skin tumors can be challenging since literature is limited. The placement of tumors into benign or malignant category is realistic and can direct management guidelines. Greater awareness of these lesions and following stringent diagnostic criteria can help in establishing a more accurate diagnosis.
Metformin Protects against Experimental Acrylamide Neuropathy in Rats
Authors: Oda Samah S. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

To investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of metformin against experimental acrylamide neuropathy in rats, 24 rats were distributed into four equal groups (6 each). Group 1 was kept as a control. Group 2 (MET) was orally given metformin (200 mg/kg BW/day). Group 3 (ACR) was injected IP with acrylamide (50 mg/kg BW/day). Animals in group 4 (ACR + MET) were administered both MET and ACR at the same dose and route used in groups 2 and 3. Treatments were administered three times a week for three weeks. ACR induced an increase in lipid peroxidation in brain and spinal cord. This was associated with down regulation of bcl2 and up regulation of caspase3 in cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve in the ACR‐treated group. ACR‐treated rats revealed neuronal degeneration and glial cell reaction in brain and spinal cord with axonal degeneration and myelin sheath irregularities in sciatic nerve. MET restored lipid peroxidation in brain and spinal cord, decreased caspase3 activity and up regulated bcl2 expression in cerebrum and sciatic nerve. Histopathological findings in ACR + MET group were lesser severe than those established in ACR‐group indicating that MET ameliorates the neuropathic effects of ACR in rats. Drug Dev Res 78 : 349‐359, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IgG subclass and vaccination stimulus determine changes in antigen specific antibody glycosylation in mice
Authors: Kao Daniela , Lux Anja , Schaffert Anja , Lang Roland , Altmann Friedrich , Nimmerjahn Falk 
Published: August 2017

AbstractImmunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation can modulate antibody effector functions. Depending on the precise composition of the sugar moiety attached to individual IgG glycovariants either pro‐ or anti‐inflammatory effector pathways can be initiated via differential binding to type I or type II Fc‐receptors. However, an in depth understanding of how individual IgG subclasses are glycosylated during the steady state and how their glycosylation pattern changes during vaccination is missing. To monitor IgG subclass glycosylation during the steady state and upon vaccination of mice with different T‐cell dependent and independent antigens, tryptic digests of serum, and antigen‐specific IgG preparations were analyzed by reversed phase‐liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. We show that there is a remarkable difference with respect to how individual IgG subclasses are glycosylated during the steady state. More importantly, upon T‐cell dependent and independent vaccinations, individual antigen‐specific IgG subclasses reacted differently with respect to changes in individual glycoforms, suggesting that the IgG subclass itself is a major determinant of restricting or allowing alterations in specific IgG glycovariants.
Competency‐based IT personnel selection using a hybrid SWARA and ARAS‐G methodology
Authors: Heidary Dahooie Jalil , Beheshti Jazan Abadi Elham , Vanaki Amir Salar , Firoozfar Hamid Reza 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn the knowledge economy, human capital is a key factor in any organization to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Thus, selection of competent personnel is the most important function of human resource managers. However, because of a wide range of criteria and organizational factors that affect the process, personnel selection is often regarded as a complex problem that can be answered through multicriteria decision‐making (MCDM) procedures. Despite the great importance of determining a comprehensive set of criteria, it has not gained enough attention in the literature. This study presents a competency framework with five criteria for choosing the best information technology (IT) expert from five alternatives. The stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and grey additive ratio assessment (ARAS‐G) methods are also used to derive the criteria weights and provide the final alternative, respectively. The results reveal that subject competency is the major criteria in IT personnel selection.
Immune Suppressive and Bone Inhibitory Effects of Prednisolone in Growing and Regenerating Zebrafish Tissues
Authors: Geurtzen Karina , Vernet Aude , Freidin Andrew , Rauner Martina , Hofbauer Lorenz C , Schneider Jürgen E , Brand Michael , Knopf Franziska 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT Glucocorticoids are widely used as therapeutic agents to treat immune-mediated diseases in humans because of their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. However, glucocorticoids have various adverse effects, in particular rapid and pronounced bone loss associated with fractures in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, a common form of secondary osteoporosis. In zebrafish, which are increasingly used to study processes of bone regeneration and disease, glucocorticoids show detrimental effects on bone tissue; however, the underlying cellular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we show that treatment with the glucocorticoid prednisolone impacts on the number, activity and differentiation of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and immune cells during ontogenetic growth, homeostasis, and regeneration of zebrafish bone. Macrophage numbers are reduced in both larval and adult tissues, correlating with decreased generation of myelomonocytes and enhanced apoptosis of these cells. In contrast, osteoblasts fail to proliferate, show decreased activity, and undergo incomplete differentiation. In addition, prednisolone treatment mitigates the number and recruitment of osteoclasts to sites of bone regeneration in adult fish. In combination, these effects delay bone growth and impair bone regeneration. Our study demonstrates the many-faceted effects of glucocorticoids in non-mammalian vertebrates and helps to further establish the zebrafish as a model to study glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.