bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of One-Rate and Two-Rate Inference Frameworks for Site-Specific dN/
dS Estimation
Authors: Spielman Stephanie J , Wan Suyang , Wilke Claus O 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Two broad paradigms exist for inferring dN/dS, the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates, from coding sequences: (i) a one-rate approach, where dN/dS is represented with a single parameter, or (ii) a two-rate approach, where dN and dS are estimated separately. The performances of these two approaches have been well studied in the specific context of proper model specification, i.e., when the inference model matches the simulation model. By contrast, the relative performances of one-rate vs. two-rate parameterizations when applied to data generated according to a different mechanism remain unclear. Here, we compare the relative merits of one-rate and two-rate approaches in the specific context of model misspecification by simulating alignments with mutation–selection models rather than with dN/dS-based models. We find that one-rate frameworks generally infer more accurate dN/dS point estimates, even when dS varies among sites. In other words, modeling dS variation may substantially reduce accuracy of dN/dS point estimates. These results appear to depend on the selective constraint operating at a given site. For sites under strong purifying selection (dN/dS ≲ 0.3), one-rate and two-rate models show comparable performances. However, one-rate models significantly outperform two-rate models for sites under moderate-to-weak purifying selection. We attribute this distinction to the fact that, for these more quickly evolving sites, a given substitution is more likely to be nonsynonymous than synonymous. The data will therefore be relatively enriched for nonsynonymous changes, and modeling dS contributes excessive noise to dN/dS estimates. We additionally find that high levels of divergence among sequences, rather than the number of sequences in the alignment, are more critical for obtaining precise point estimates.
COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR CALCULATION MICROCHANNEL HEAT EXCHANGERS FOR AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
Authors: Olshevska Olga V. 
Published: August 2016

Creating a computer program to calculate microchannel air condensers to reduce design time and carrying out variant calculations. Software packages for thermophysical properties of the working substance and the coolant, the correlation equation for calculating heat transfer, aerodynamics and hydrodynamics, the thermodynamic equations for the irreversible losses and their minimization in the heat exchanger were used in the process of creating. Borland Delphi 7 is used for creating software package.
Monitoring and Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated With Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Axis Inhibitors in Lung Cancer
Authors: O’Kane Grainne M. , Labbé Catherine , Doherty Mark K. , Young Kelvin , Albaba Hamzeh , Leighl Natasha B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) represent a new treatment paradigm in non-small cell lung cancer. Three phase III trials have demonstrated a survival benefit and improved tolerability of nivolumab and pembrolizumab when compared with standard second-line chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the adverse events associated with PD-1 inhibitors are unique; early recognition and treatment are essential. This review summarizes the required monitoring and appropriate management of immune-related adverse events in lung cancer patients receiving these agents.
A EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA (EAD) NO RIO DE JANEIRO: DA TRANSIÇÃO PARA A RECONSTRUÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO BRASILEIRA
Authors: Rodrigues Sul Brasil Pinto 
Published: August 2016

O artigo é um relato de experiência em Educação a Distância. Contextualiza a EAD historicamente no Rio de Janeiro no interior da teoria educacional de Anísio Teixeira, desde sua fase analógica. Introduz-se no estudo de caso do PAIEF: UNIRIO e especificamente na disciplina eletiva Movimentos Sociais e Educação. Questiona a EAD enquanto componente da reconstrução educacional na superação do retardamento do progresso educacional; discute a existência da autonomia dos atores envolvidos. Na especificidade da disciplina, conclui ressaltando a contribuição positiva da EAD na atual reconstrução da educação brasileira.
EAD E SAÚDE: APROXIMAÇÃO ENTRE ESTAS ÁREAS, A PARTIR DA EXPERIÊNCIA DE UM CURSO NA FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ
Authors: Costa Maria Angélica , Dos Santos Nilton Balhis , Rodriguez José Alberto de Francisco , Barbosa David Soeiro , Da Silva Thiago Petra , Spilker Maria João , Costa Silvia Maria Magalhães 
Published: August 2016

A EAD é uma prática educativa e uma estratégia de inovação para a formação e qualificação de pessoal. Na educação em geral e, mais especificamente na educação permanente em saúde, ela representa um caminho, tanto para a construção coletiva e dialógica do conhecimento quanto para a melhoria das práticas dos trabalhadores do setor. A EAD na Saúde contribui também para a consolidação de um modelo mais equitativo e democrático de promoção e atenção à saúde no País. Por ser a formação e qualificação dos trabalhadores da saúde que atuam no SUS uma das missões da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, este artigo se propõe a realizar um exercício de aproximação entre as áreas de educação a distância e educação em saúde, a partir da experiência do curso Andando nas nuvens? promovido pela Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), por meio do Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde (ICICT), através do Núcleo de Experimentação de Novas Tecnologias (NEXT). O curso foi analisado qualitativamente, através do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), em dois momentos, a saber: na avaliação pré-curso com 45 discursos e na avaliação final com 26 discursos analisados. Nos 71 discursos analisados, percebeu-se que as sínteses dos DSCs na avaliação pré-curso giraram em torno de conhecimentos e interesses por pesquisas e na avaliação final do curso, as sínteses dos DSCs giraram em torno da presença ativa dos tutores e das dificuldades em lidar com as tecnologias..
EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA: UMA ANÁLISE DOS MODELOS DE ENSINO
Authors: Paiva de Carvalho Júnior Arlindo Fernando 
Published: August 2016

A educação pode se manifestar em diferentes modalidades de ensino, como a EAD, que está sendo ampliada entre as instituições educacionais e está vencendo barreiras impostas à educação. O crescimento acelerado da EAD faz com que diferentes modelos de ensino da modalidade surjam no cenário educacional. O presente artigo foi desenvolvido com base em pesquisa e revisão literária das obras clássicas e atuais que abordam o tema educação a distância em sua ampla dimensão, tendo como foco de estudo os modelos de ensino em EAD, onde foram investigadas suas características como as formas de interação. A pesquisa teve um caráter teórico, exploratório e social, pois buscou informações sobre uma modalidade de educação específica. Está pesquisa não se esgota aqui, pois os modelos tendem a se transformar, a se adequar as futuras tecnologias, o que implicará no surgimento de novos modelos de ensino.Palavras-chave: Educação a Distância. Modelos de Ensino. Formas de Interação.
EDUCAÇÃO, TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO: POSSIBILIDADES E DESAFIOS
Authors: Genovez Maria Salete , Carleto. Nivaldo , Cardoso Ana Maria , M. Rodrigues Silvia Cristina 
Published: August 2016

Com o aparecimento de inúmeras ferramentas tecnológicas, o uso das novas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação (NTIC) na gestão educacional e no ensino passou a ser considerado de fundamental importância. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, procurou-se identificar e refletir sobre alguns aspectos que permeiam essa questão. O discurso comum é aquele que sugere que essas ferramentas vieram para resolver problemas operacionais, tanto nos aspectos administrativos quanto nos pedagógicos. Essa visão, um tanto reducionista, acaba fazendo das NTIC a solução eficaz para todas as dificuldades, desconsiderando outras questões mais amplas e profundas pelas quais passam os vários segmentos educacionais. É fundamental a implantação de políticas públicas, tanto nacionais quanto internacionais, para subsidiar e orientar as práticas de gestores e de professores para que as escolas encontrem a melhor forma de utilização das novas tecnologias, considerando-as como instrumentos tecnológicos que, por si sós, não provocarão mudanças no ensino e nem na sociedade. Palavras-chave: Educação. Tecnologia da Informação. Comunicação.
PERCEPÇÕES SOBRE A COMPETÊNCIA SOCIOAFETIVA DE CORDIALIDADE E A HUMANIZAÇÃO DA TUTORIA A DISTÂNCIA
Authors: De Souto Elizete Ventura , Tenório Thaís , Tenório André 
Published: August 2016

As percepções de tutores a distância sobre a cordialidade e a humanização de suas práticas pedagógicas foram perquiridas. Doze tutores de uma instituição privada de Ensino Superior do Estado do Rio de Janeiro participaram da pesquisa. Para sete (58%) deles, a cordialidade seria a principal competência socioafetiva a se exigir de um tutor a distância. Foram identificadas diversas situações nas quais seria imprescindível ser cordial, como quando um aluno manifesta desestímulo ou dificuldade de aprendizagem. Todos enfatizaram a necessidade de uma postura cortês na abertura de cada nova etapa de disciplina ou curso. Entretanto, apenas cinco (42%) reputaram-na indispensável no acolhimento de alunos. Para oito (67%) tutores, a identificação nominal dos cursistas e, para seis (50%), o uso de frases motivadoras seriam formas cotidianas de exercício da cordialidade. Palavras chave: Competência socioafetiva. Cordialidade, Tutoria a distância.
A VIRTUALIZACAO DO ENSINO SUPERIOR: UMA ANÁLISE DO CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Cassundé Fernanda Roda , Mendonça José Ricardo Costa 
Published: August 2016

A expansão das instituições de ensino superior (IES) brasileiras tem impulsionado a adesão das universidades à educação a distância (EAD), situação especialmente favorecida com a instalação de diversos campi nas cidades do interior do país e o avanço das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs). O objetivo é responder às demandas educacionais atuais, que são decorrentes de uma nova ordem econômica mundial. O que se tem percebido é um notório avanço do uso da EAD, tanto em instituições públicas como em particulares, representando a propagação de uma nova educação em concordância com a sociedade do conhecimento e as novas tecnologias. Assim, diante desse cenário educacional brasileiro, torna-se importante entender como o avanço da EAD aconteceu, a fim de conhecer as suas perspectivas e o modo como está sendo viabilizada pelas IES. Palavras-chave: Educação a distância. Ensino superior. Virtualização do ensino.
STUDI KESESUAIAN LAHAN TAMBAK DI KAWASAN BEKAS PELABUHAN BATUBARA KECAMATAN SATUI KALIMANTAN SELATAN DENGAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS Study of Fishpond Land Suitability at Ex the Coal Port in Satui District, Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan Province using Geographic Information System)(
Authors: Zain M Adnan 
Published: August 2016

<em>Satui district is the largest coal producing area in </em><em>South Kalimantan</em><em> and it has a coastal and marine areas that quite broad. Mining activity causes a lot of impact of environmental pollution, especially water pollution. Conditions of aquaculture in Satui district is currently vulnerable to damage resulting from the former coal mining and the construction of the illegal construction of the specific port. The purpose of this study is collecting the parameters of land suitability evaluation for pond</em><em> in the Satui district pond and knowing the level of suitability coastal ponds in the Satui district with GIS</em><em>. The method that applied at this research are observing and analyzingthe criteria parameters of environmental quality for pond development which supported by field data to find the level of compliance. This study including some stages, they are image using, field data collection and data analysis. Water quality, soil and land suitability analysis, the paramaters study at this study are slope, the zone fisiology, soil texture and water supply. Based on GIS analysis, the area very suitable for pond around the port is 486 ha, the suitable area is 406 ha, the moderate area is 1.734 ha and unsuitable area is 1.197 ha.</em>
Communities of Practice at the Cidade do Saber
Authors: Montero Carla Guerrón 
Published: August 2016

AbstractI explore the relationships among state, culture and politics in the context of the largest educational project of social inclusion, local participation and citizenship in the Municipality of Camaçari, state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. The City of Knowledge (Instituto Raimundo Pinheiro – Cidade do Saber), or CDS, offers free access to education, cultural events, and sports and leisure activities to economically disadvantaged children and adults, based on the concept of ‘plural citizenship’, the understanding that wider access to education, culture and sports shortens social distances and generates sustainable human development. Concepts of social inclusion, local participation, critical thinking and constructions of citizenship are applied, tested and contradicted on the ground. Sustainability is experienced as sustainable human development; sustainable urbanism; environmental sustainability and challenges to the sustainability of CDS, a community of practice where stakeholders are potentially producing a new way to understand what it means to be a modern Brazilian citizen.
Status of heavy metal in sediments of the Turag river in Bangladesh
Authors: Mohiuddin KM , Islam MS , Basak S , Abdullah HM , Ahmed I 
Published: August 2016

The experiment was conducted to appraise the level of Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn contamination in 15 sediment samples of upstream of Turag river, at the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The concentrations of Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn were 178.0, 18.3, 0.8, 155.4, 194.1, 54.8, 13679 and 5501.6 µg g-1 and the pH and EC ranged from 2.01-7.85 and 391-3910µS cm-1, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations were compared with geochemical background and standard values of previous report on the Turag and other rivers in Bangladesh. The average concentrations of Cr, Zn and Ni in sediments of the Turag are almost twice of the geochemical background i.e. average worldwide shale standard and continental upper crust. Cadmium is about three times higher than the geochemical background values. Chromium and Ni concentration exceeded the severe effect level (SEL), where as Cd, Zn and Cu exceeded toxicity reference values (TRV). The average Enrichment Factors (EFc) for Mn, Cd, Cr and Ni reflected moderate to extremely contaminated pollution. The pollution load index (PLI) varied from 1.65 to 3.21. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Mn of 11 locations and Cd for a single location were greater than 2.0, and exhibited moderately to strongly polluted sediment quality. The Igeo for Zn in two locations and Ni in one location were greater than 1.0, indicated moderately polluted sediment quality. Sediment pollution load signaled alarming condition for city dwellers and aquatic ecosystem of the Turag river. Pollution sources to be sealed immediately and continuous monitoring on pollution prevention and cleanup operation is suggested.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 78-85, 2016
In vitro screening for drought tolerance of some chickpea varieties in Bangladesh
Authors: Salma UK , Khatun F , Bhuiyan MJH , Yasmin S , Khan TH 
Published: August 2016

The aim of the present study was to study physiological response of seven chickpea varieties viz. Binachola-2, Binachola-3, Binachola-4, Binachola-5, Binachola-6, Binachola-7 and Binachola-8 at different levels of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG). Five different concentrations (0, 20, 35, 50, 60 g/L) of PEG 6000 was added in MS medium to create five different levels of drought stress for in vitro screening of drought tolerant chick pea varieties. Data were recorded on germination percentage, fresh weight, shoot length, root length, dry weight, turgid weight, relative water content (RWC) and proline content. The seven chickpea varieties differed significantly for different parameters in response to the drought stress. Binachola-2 and Binachola-7 showed the best performance for all the parameters studied. At the highest dose of PEG (60 g/l), in the most water deficient condition, fresh weight was recorded 0.59 g and 0.84 g, Shoot lengths of 2.10 cm and 3.75 cm, root lengths of 1.15 cm and 1.00 cm, turgid weight of 0.960 g and 0.970 g, dry weight of 0.13 g and 0.21 g, relative water contents (RWC) of 85.71% and 83.33% were recorded in Binachola-2 and Binachola-7, respectively. Increased proline content was recorded with the increasing level of PEG concentration. Proline content 0.533g/100g FW and 0.598g/100g FW were observed in Binachola-2 and Binachola-7, respectively under the influence of PEG at 60 g/l. Data recorded for Binachola-3, Binachola-4, Binachola-5, Binachola-6 and Binachola-8 for the studied parameters revealed that they showed susceptible response against higher drought stress level gen­erated by PEG. The data of this experiment revealed that, the accumulation of proline was significantly greater under drought stress. Thus, it is evident that Binachola-2 and Binachola-7 performed better against drought stress condition. These results of physiological and biochemical parameters may be utilized as a selection indicator for breeding program and used as a baseline for improvement of chickpea varieties in Bangladesh.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 110-118, 2016
POSSIBLE SOLUTION OF THE LONG-STANDING DISCREPANCY IN THE MICROLENSING OPTICAL DEPTH TOWARD THE GALACTIC BULGE BY CORRECTING THE STELLAR NUMBER COUNT
Authors: Sumi T. , Penny M. T. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We find that significant incompleteness in stellar number counts results in a significant overestimate of the microlensing optical depth τ and event rate per star per year Γ toward the Galactic bulge from the first two years of the MOA-II survey. We find that the completeness in red clump giant (RCG) counts

decreases proportional to the galactic latitude b, as

, ranging between 1 and 0.7 at

. The previous measurements using all sources by difference image analysis (DIA) by MACHO and MOA-I suffer the same bias. On the other hand, the measurements using an RCG sample by OGLE-II, MACHO, and EROS were free from this bias because they selected only the events associated with the resolved stars. Thus, the incompleteness both in the number of events and stellar number count cancel out. We estimate τ and Γ by correcting this incompleteness. In the central fields with

, we find

star−1 yr−1 and

for the 427 events with

days using all sources brighter than

mag. Our revised all-source τ measurements are about 2σ smaller than the other all-source measurements and are consistent with the RCG measurements within 1σ. We conclude that the long-standing problem on discrepancy between the high τ with all-source samples by DIA and low τ with RCG samples can probably be explained by the incompleteness of the stellar number count. A model fit to these measurements predicts

star−1 yr−1 at

and

for sources with

, where the future space mission, Wide Field Infrared Space Telescope, will observe.
SOURCE REGIONS OF THE TYPE II RADIO BURST OBSERVED DURING A CME–CME INTERACTION ON 2013 MAY 22
Authors: Mäkelä P. , Gopalswamy N. , Reiner M. J. , Akiyama S. , Krupar V. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We report on our study of radio source regions during the type II radio burst on 2013 May 22 based on direction-finding analysis of the Wind/WAVES and STEREO/WAVES (SWAVES) radio observations at decameter–hectometric wavelengths. The type II emission showed an enhancement that coincided with the interaction of two coronal mass ejections (CMEs) launched in sequence along closely spaced trajectories. The triangulation of the SWAVES source directions posited the ecliptic projections of the radio sources near the line connecting the Sun and the STEREO-A spacecraft. The WAVES and SWAVES source directions revealed shifts in the latitude of the radio source, indicating that the spatial location of the dominant source of the type II emission varies during the CME–CME interaction. The WAVES source directions close to 1 MHz frequencies matched the location of the leading edge of the primary CME seen in the images of the LASCO/C3 coronagraph. This correspondence of spatial locations at both wavelengths confirms that the CME–CME interaction region is the source of the type II enhancement. Comparison of radio and white-light observations also showed that at lower frequencies scattering significantly affects radio wave propagation.
Perfil de estratégias de inovação das empresas do setor alimentício: Um estudo amostral no Município de Ponta Grossa/PR
Authors: Oliveira Marilisa Do Rocio , Tanski Nilda , Rauski Eliane De Fátima , Panucci-Filho Laurindo 
Published: August 2016

<p>Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo revisar a literatura que conceitua a competitividade, estratégia e inovações tecnológicas e determinar quais são as estratégias de inovação utilizada pelas empresas, a partir de um diagnóstico de inovação das pequenas e médias empresas atuantes no setor alimentício do município de Ponta Grossa, Paraná, a partir da metodologia desenvolvida por Reis e Reis Neto (2010) A questão norteadora indagou quais as estratégias utilizadas no setor alimentício de Ponta Grossa, Paraná. As estratégias do modelo foram: Ofensiva, Defensiva, Dependente e Imitativa. A amostra se constituiu de 22 empresas que aceitaram participar do processo de forma voluntária. Concluiu-se que a maioria das empresas do município caracterizam-se por adotarem principalmente estratégia imitativa de inovação, e para reverter esse cenário, muitas mudanças deverão ser realizadas.</p>
Le dialogue entre Strauss et Kojève et ses présuppositions
Authors: Patard Emmanuel 
Published: August 2016

La controverse entre Leo Strauss et Alexandre Kojève autour des questions de l’essence de l’Homme, de la Nature, de l’Être et de la « fin de l’Histoire » laisse apparaître la portée essentiellement critique de l’entreprise de Strauss : l’ambition systématique des philosophes modernes n’a pas abouti à régler définitivement les questions fondamentales, la « querelle des anciens et des modernes » peut et doit être rouverte en philosophie. Face aux objections de Strauss, Kojève échoue à montrer que l’anthropologie héritée de Hegel et de Heidegger rend pleinement compte de l’essence de l’homme, en particulier de son caractère irrationnel, de même qu’il échoue à remplacer la dialectique hégélienne de la nature par une théorie des phénomènes articulée à son anthropologie athée et acosmique. On fait usage d’un important matériel inédit et en partie inconnu jusqu’ici provenant du Fonds Kojève (Bibliothèque nationale de France) et des Leo Strauss Papers (The University of Chicago Library).
Alexandre Kojève et Gaston Fessard sur l’autorité et la politique
Authors: Scholz Danilo 
Published: August 2016

Alexandre Kojève et Gaston Fessard, qui ont eu des échanges intellectuels dès 1934, élaborent leurs réflexions sur l’autorité dans le contexte politique du régime de Vichy et de l’occupation allemande. L’autorité paternelle apparaît, chez l’un comme chez l’autre, comme une figure conceptuelle privilégiée pour comprendre la situation de la France, mais ils en tirent des conclusions différentes quant à l’engage­- ment politique qui peut en découler. Pour Fessard, l’appui sur le père divin permet de justifier une certaine forme de résistance ; Kojève, qui a pu être proche de la figure des « vichysto-résistants », voit dans l’autorité paternelle un élément qui joue en faveur de Pétain et d’un projet de Révolution nationale.