bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESCOLA E ESTRATÉGIA POLÍTICA NA ATUALIDADE DO MST
Authors: Bahniuk Caroline , Vendramini Célia Regina 
Published: April 2017

O artigo analisa a atualidade da educação escolar no MST. Destaca os limites e as potencialidades das escolas em relação à estratégia socialista, a partir da análise de algumas experiências escolares nas áreas de Reforma Agrária. A relação com o Estado, a formação <em>omnilateral</em>, a relação entre trabalho e educação, a atualidade, o conhecimento escolar, bem como a auto-organização dos estudantes e a organização dos educadores, foram dimensões elencadas na análise. No contexto do capitalismo contemporâneo e da crescente mercantilização da educação concluímos que a relação entre escola e estratégia política no MST apresenta oscilações na direção da conservação e da transformação social.
A global scale picture of ionospheric peak electron density changes during geomagnetic storms
Authors: Kumar Vickal V. , Parkinson Murray L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractChanges in ionospheric plasma densities can affect society more than ever because of our increasing reliance on communication, surveillance, navigation, and timing technology. Models struggle to predict changes in ionospheric densities at nearly all temporal and spatial scales, especially during geomagnetic storms. Here we combine a 50 year (1965–2015) geomagnetic disturbance storm time (Dst) index with plasma density measurements from a worldwide network of ~132 vertical incidence ionosondes to develop a picture of global scale changes in peak plasma density due to geomagnetic storms. Vertical incidence ionosondes provide measurements of the critical frequency of the ionospheric F2 layer (foF2), a direct measure of the peak electron density (NmF2) of the ionosphere. By dissecting the NmF2 perturbations with respect to the local time at storm onset, season, and storm intensity, it is found that (i) the storm‐associated depletions (negative storm effects) and enhancements (positive storm effects) are driven by different but related physical mechanisms, and (ii) the depletion mechanism tends to dominate over the enhancement mechanism. The negative storm effects, which are detrimental to HF radio links, are found to start immediately after geomagnetic storm onset in the nightside high‐latitude ionosphere. The depletions in the dayside high‐latitude ionosphere are delayed by a few hours. The equatorward expansion of negative storm effects is found to be regulated by storm intensity (farthest equatorward and deepest during intense storms), season (largest in summer), and time of day (generally deeper on the nightside). In contrast, positive storm effects typically occur on the dayside midlatitude and low‐latitude ionospheric regions when the storms are in the main phase, regardless of the season. Closer to the magnetic equator, moderate density enhancements last up to 40 h during the recovery phase of equinox storms, regardless of the local time. Strikingly, high‐latitude plasma densities are moderately enhanced for up to 60 h prior to the actual onset of storms during the equinoxes and summer; a potential precursor of a geomagnetic storm.
Early formation of preferential flow in a homogeneous snowpack observed by micro‐CT
Authors: Avanzi Francesco , Petrucci Giacomo , Matzl Margret , Schneebeli Martin , De Michele Carlo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe performed X‐ray microtomographic observations of wet‐snow metamorphism during controlled continuous melting and melt‐freeze events in the laboratory. Three blocks of snow were sieved into boxes and subjected to cyclic, superficial heating or heating‐cooling to reproduce vertical water infiltration patterns in snow similarly to natural conditions. Periodically, samples were taken at different heights and scanned. Results suggest that wet‐snow metamorphism dynamics are highly heterogeneous even in an initially homogeneous snowpack. Consistent with previous work, we observed an increase with time in the thickness of the ice structure, which is a measure of grain size. However, this was coupled with large temporal scatter between consecutive measurements of the specific surface area and of the statistical moments of grain thickness distributions. Because of marked differences in the right tail, grain thickness distributions did not show shape invariance with time, contrary to previous analyses. In our experiments, wet‐snow metamorphism showed two strikingly different patterns: homogeneous coarsening superimposed by faster heterogeneous coarsening in areas that were affected by preferential percolation of water. Liquid water movement in snow and fast structural evolution may be thus intrinsically coupled by early formation of preferential flow at local scale. These observations suggest that further experiments are highly needed to fully understand wet‐snow metamorphism and infiltration patterns in a natural snowpack.
Development of an experimental approach to study coupled soil‐plant‐atmosphere processes using plant analogs
Authors: Trautz Andrew C. , Illangasekare Tissa H. , Rodriguez‐Iturbe Ignacio , Heck Katharina , Helmig Rainer 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe atmosphere, soils, and vegetation near the land‐atmosphere interface are in a state of continuous dynamic interaction via a myriad of complex interrelated feedback processes which collectively, remain poorly understood. Studying the fundamental nature and dynamics of such processes in atmospheric, ecological, and/or hydrological contexts in the field setting presents many challenges; current experimental approaches are an important factor given a general lack of control and high measurement uncertainty. In an effort to address these issues and reduce overall complexity, new experimental design considerations (two‐dimensional intermediate‐scale coupled wind tunnel‐synthetic aquifer testing using synthetic plants) for studying soil‐plant‐atmosphere continuum soil moisture dynamics are introduced and tested in this study. Validation of these experimental considerations, particularly the adoption of synthetic plants, is required prior to their application in future research. A comparison of three experiments with bare soil surfaces or transplanted with a Stargazer lily/limestone block was used to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed approaches. Results demonstrate that coupled wind tunnel‐porous media experimentation, used to simulate field conditions, reduces complexity, and enhances control while allowing fine spatial‐temporal resolution measurements to be made using state‐of‐the‐art technologies. Synthetic plants further help reduce system complexity (e.g., airflow) while preserving the basic hydrodynamic functions of plants (e.g., water uptake and transpiration). The trends and distributions of key measured atmospheric and subsurface spatial and temporal variables (e.g., soil moisture, relative humidity, temperature, air velocity) were comparable, showing that synthetic plants can be used as simple, idealized, nonbiological analogs for living vegetation in fundamental hydrodynamic studies.
High‐frequency internal waves and thick bottom mixed layers observed by gliders in the Gulf Stream
Authors: Todd Robert E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAutonomous underwater gliders are conducting high‐resolution surveys within the Gulf Stream along the U.S. East Coast. Glider surveys reveal two mechanisms by which energy is extracted from the Gulf Stream as it flows over the Blake Plateau, a portion of the outer continental shelf between Florida and North Carolina where bottom depths are less than 1000 m. Internal waves with vertical velocities exceeding 0.1 m s−1 and frequencies just below the local buoyancy frequency are routinely found over the Blake Plateau, particularly near the Charleston Bump, a prominent topographic feature. These waves are likely internal lee waves generated by the subinertial Gulf Stream flow over the irregular bathymetry of the outer continental shelf. Bottom mixed layers with O(100) m thickness are also frequently encountered; these thick bottom mixed layers likely form in the lee of topography due to enhanced turbulence generated by O(1) m s−1 near‐bottom flows.
Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma patients with light chain deposition disease
Authors: Mohan Meera , Buros Amy , Mathur Pankaj , Gokden Neriman , Singh Manisha , Susanibar Sandra , Jo Kamimoto Jorge , Hoque Shadiqul , Radhakrishnan Muthukumar , Matin Aasiya , Davis Cynthia , Grazziutti Monica , Thanendrarajan Sharmilan , van Rhee Frits , Zangari Maurizio , Davies Faith , Morgan Gareth , Epstein Joshua , Barlogie Bart , Schinke Carolina 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLight chain deposition disease (LCDD) is characterized by monotypic immunoglobulin depositions which will eventually lead to loss of organ function if left untreated. While the kidney is almost always affected, the presence and degree of LCDD in other organs vary. Ten to thirty percent of LCDD patients have underlying Multiple Myeloma (MM), yet outcome and prognostic markers in this particular patient group are still lacking. Here, we analyzed 69 patients with MM and biopsy proven LCDD and report on renal and extra‐renal involvement and its impact on prognosis as well as renal response depending on hematologic response. Coexisting light chain diseases such as AL amyloid and cast nephropathy were found in 30% of patients; those with LCDD and concurrent amyloid tended to have shorter survival. Cardiac involvement by LCDD was seen in one‐third of our patients and was associated with shorter overall survival; such patients also had a significantly higher risk of treatment‐related mortality (TRM) after stem cell transplant (SCT) compared to LCDD patients without cardiac involvement. This study highlights that MM patients with LCDD present with different clinical features compared to previously reported LCDD cohorts. Rapid initiation of treatment is necessary to prevent progressive renal disease and worse outcome. Coexisting light chain diseases and cardiac involvement are more common than previously reported and confer worse clinical outcome, emphasizing the need for careful patient careful patient evaluation and treatment selection.
Associations between elevated pre‐treatment serum cytokines and peripheral blood cellular markers of immunosuppression in patients with lymphoma
Authors: Binder Moritz , O'Byrne Megan M. , Maurer Matthew J. , Ansell Stephen , Feldman Andrew L. , Cerhan James , Novak Anne , Porrata Luis F. , Markovic Svetomir , Link Brian K. , Witzig Thomas E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHigher ratios of the pre‐treatment peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte (ALC) to absolute monocyte counts (AMC) are associated with improved outcomes in lymphoma. Conversely, elevated pre‐treatment serum cytokines are associated with inferior outcomes. The relationship between pre‐treatment serum cytokines and ALC/AMC ratios remains unknown. We studied twelve serum cytokines and the ALC/AMC ratios in 390 patients with untreated diffuse large B‐cell, follicular, mantle cell, T‐cell, and Hodgkin lymphoma. Different pre‐treatment serum cytokine concentrations correlated with ALC, AMC, and ALC/AMC ratios depending on the lymphoma type. In the entire cohort (n = 390) lower ALC/AMC ratios modestly correlated with higher IL‐2R (r = −0.36), IL‐12 (r = −0.17), IP‐10 (r = −0.23), and MIG (r = −0.32) concentrations (p < 0.001). Elevated IL‐2R was independently associated with suppressed ALC (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.77–4.07,p < 0.001), elevated AMC (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.34–3.14,p < 0.001), and suppressed ALC/AMC ratios (OR 3.51, 95% CI 2.31–5.34,p < 0.001). Both elevated IL‐2R (HR 2.27, 95% CI 1.48–3.49,p < 0.001) and suppressed ALC/AMC ratios (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.03–2.28,p = 0.037) were independently associated with inferior overall survival. These data support the notion that elevated serum cytokines are immunosuppressive and provide further rationale to target the tumor microenvironment for therapeutic benefit.
Topotactic Epitaxy of SrTiO3 Mesocrystal Superstructures with Anisotropic Construction for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Peng , Ochi Tomoya , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Kobori Yasuhiro , Majima Tetsuro , Tachikawa Takashi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe higher‐order structures of semiconductor‐based photocatalysts play crucial roles in their physicochemical properties for efficient light‐to‐energy conversion. A novel perovskite SrTiO3 mesocrystal superstructure with well‐defined orientation of assembled cubic nanocrystals was synthesized by topotactic epitaxy from TiO2 mesocrystals through a facile hydrothermal treatment. The SrTiO3 mesocrystal exhibits three times the efficiency for the hydrogen evolution of conventional disordered systems in alkaline aqueous solution. It also exhibits a high quantum yield of 6.7 % at 360 nm in overall water splitting and even good durability up to 1 day. Temporal and spatial spectroscopic observations revealed that the synergy of the efficient electron flow along the internal nanocube network and efficient collection at the larger external cubes produces remarkably long‐lived charges for enhanced photocatalysis.
Palladium in der chemischen Synthese und Modifizierung von Proteinen
Authors: Jbara Muhammad , Maity Suman Kumar , Brik Ashraf 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn den letzten Jahren hat das Gebiet der ortsspezifischen Modifizierung von Proteinen aufgrund seiner Bedeutung für die Entwicklung neuer Therapeutika, das Verständnis biochemischer und zellulärer Verhaltensweisen von Proteinen und verwandte Forschungsgebiete erhebliche Beachtung gefunden. Durch die Gegenwart einer großen Anzahl reaktiver funktioneller Gruppen im betreffenden Protein und in der zellulären Umgebung stellt die Modifizierung einer spezifischen Stelle eine besonders schwierige Aufgabe dar. Mit der Entwicklung ausgeklügelter chemischer Methoden ist es nun möglich, eine bestimmte Stelle eines Proteins hinsichtlich einer gewünschten Modifizierung zielgerichtet anzugehen, obgleich noch nicht alle Probleme gelöst sind. In diesem Zusammenhang haben Übergangsmetall‐gesteuerte Reaktionen, insbesondere Palladium‐vermittelte C‐C‐Bindungsbildungen und C‐O‐Bindungsspaltungen, aufgrund der einzigartigen katalytischen Eigenschaften von Palladium breites Interesse gewonnen. Palladium‐Chemie wird derzeit intensiv für Protein‐Modifizierungen in vitro, auf der Zelloberfläche und im Zellinneren untersucht. Erst kürzlich wurden Palladium‐Komplexe für die schnelle Entfernung mehrerer weithin eingesetzter Cystein‐Schutzgruppen sowie für die Entfernung von Löslichkeits‐Tags zur Ermöglichung einer chemischen Protein‐Synthese eingesetzt. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beleuchtet die Fortschritte und erörtert, wie vorhandene Kenntnisse der Palladium‐Chemie kleiner Moleküle eindrucksvoll auf das Gebiet der chemischen Protein‐Synthese und ‐Modifizierung übertragen werden können.
Subnanomolar Detection of Oligonucleotides through Templated Fluorogenic Reaction in Hydrogels: Controlling Diffusion to Improve Sensitivity
Authors: Al Sulaiman Dana , Chang Jason Y. H. , Ladame Sylvain 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOligonucleotide‐templated reactions are valuable tools for nucleic acid sensing both in vitro and in vivo. They are typically carried out under conditions that make any reaction in the absence of template highly unfavorable (most commonly by using a low concentration of reactants), which has a negative impact on the detection sensitivity. Herein, we report a novel platform for fluorogenic oligonucleotide‐templated reactions between peptide nucleic acid probes embedded within permeable agarose and alginate hydrogels. We demonstrate that under conditions of restricted mobility (that is, limited diffusion), non‐specific interactions between probes are prevented, thus leading to lower background signals. When applied to nucleic acid sensing, this accounts for a significant increase in sensitivity (that is, lower limit of detection). Optical nucleic acid sensors based on fluorogenic peptide nucleic acid probes embedded in permeable, physically crosslinked, alginate beads were also engineered and proved capable of detecting DNA concentrations as low as 100 pm.
Direct Self‐Assembly of a 2D and 3D Star of David
Authors: Song Bo , Zhang Zhe , Wang Kun , Hsu Chih‐Hao , Bolarinwa Olapeju , Wang Jing , Li Yiming , Yin Guang‐Qiang , Rivera Edwin , Yang Hai‐Bo , Liu Changlin , Xu Bingqian , Li Xiaopeng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTwo‐ and three‐dimensional metallosupramolecules shaped like a Star of David were synthesized by the self‐assembly of a tetratopic pyridyl ligand with a 180° diplatinum(II) motif and PdII ions, respectively. In contrast to other strategies, such as template‐directed synthesis and stepwise self‐assembly, this design enables the formation of 2D and 3D structures in one step and high yield. The structures were characterized by both one‐dimensional (1H, 13C, 31P) and two‐dimensional (COSY, NOESY, DOSY) NMR spectroscopy, ESI‐MS, ion‐mobility mass spectrometry (IM–MS), AFM, and TEM. The stabilities of the 2D and 3D structures were measured and compared by gradient tandem mass spectrometry (gMS2). The high stability of the 3D Star of David was correlated to its high density of coordination sites (DOCS).
FTutor: An interactive guide to the fundamentals of frequency analysis
Authors: Sečkář Petr , Svoboda David 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTIn image processing, the field of frequency analysis plays an important and irreplaceable role. Due to the knowledge of which frequencies correspond to which image characteristics, we can efficiently solve tasks such as smoothing, edge detection, regular pattern detection or removal, and image compression. Therefore, understanding of basic principles is of great importance for people working in fields requiring signal and image processing knowledge and skills. The key link between the standard image domain and frequency domain is provided by the well‐known Fourier transform. Even though this transform is commonly understood as a standard framework for frequency analysis, proper understanding of its fundamentals is often hindered by many people's preoccupation with complex numbers and trigonometric functions. In this paper, we introduce a novel application called FTutor. It aims to serve as an interactive guide for those who are beginning to learn about the Fourier transform and want to properly understand its principles. In particular, FTutor is designed for use by the students and teachers of image processing courses to simplify and ease the process of understanding the frequency domain. The application is freely available from http://cbia.fi.muni.cz/projects/ftutor.html together with its source code. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:508–520, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21817
A multipurpose toolkit for teaching DSP in an undergraduate course
Authors: Joseph Diya , Chawla Prateek , Chander Harish , Rawat Tarun Kumar 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTTeaching an introductory course in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) involves the careful selection and arrangement of essential topics from the vast expanse of the subject. A substantial amount of effort from the teacher is required to deliver mathematical and algorithmic concepts. In this paper, we present a Windows Store App which can be used as a teaching aid for an introductory undergraduate DSP course. The app has six modules. Four of the modules demonstrate problems which require complex calculations, viz. linear convolution, circular convolution, radix‐2 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter design. These modules display elaborate butterfly diagrams and matrix multiplications to enhance pedagogy. The other two modules form a digital signal processor toolkit based on a hypothetical 16‐bit floating‐point digital signal processor, with a simple instruction set. The app has been used to teach a course on DSP and a positive feedback was received from the students. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:530–541, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21819
Three's a crowd: The impact of the organisation on the fee practices of volunteer therapists
Authors: Cooper Hannah Marie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimsTo explore how therapists experience significant events surrounding the fee within a voluntary organisation setting when tasked with sustaining fee payments without financial gain to themselves.MethodA qualitative study involving semi‐structured interviews with twelve therapists of varying modalities, practising voluntarily within a counselling organisation. Participants shared a significant event surrounding the fee, their response, the sense they made of it and its lasting impact. Transcriptions were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFindings captured a rich set of experiences that roused powerful tensions involved in a therapeutic consideration of money, grouped into four main areas of impact: Impact from Within, Impact from Outside, Impact on Therapist and Legacy. Belief in its strengthening presence within the therapeutic dyad was in stark conflict with the threat it posed to rupture the relationship and revealed powerful dissonance, impacted further by the complex tripartite dynamic fostered by the organisation.ConclusionsMoney can be worked with creatively to facilitate movement within therapy. However, this is most often achieved only after therapist and client have tolerated considerable discomfort when money is concretely handled outside the therapeutic space. Less risk of rupture occurs when the fee is contained within the therapeutic relationship, and when responsibility is assumed by the therapist from the outset.