bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The immune response of the human brain to abdominal surgery
Authors: Forsberg Anton , Cervenka Simon , Jonsson Fagerlund Malin , Rasmussen Lars S. , Zetterberg Henrik , Erlandsson Harris Helena , Stridh Pernilla , Christensson Eva , Granström Anna , Schening Anna , Dymmel Karin , Knave Nina , Terrando Niccolò , Maze Mervyn , Borg Jacqueline , Varrone Andrea , Halldin Christer , Blennow Kaj , Farde Lars , Eriksson Lars I. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveSurgery launches a systemic inflammatory reaction that reaches the brain and associates with immune activation and cognitive decline. Although preclinical studies have in part described this systemic‐to‐brain signaling pathway, we lack information on how these changes appear in humans. This study examines the short‐ and long‐term impact of abdominal surgery on the human brain immune system by positron emission tomography (PET) in relation to blood immune reactivity, plasma inflammatory biomarkers, and cognitive function.MethodsEight males undergoing prostatectomy under general anesthesia were included. Prior to surgery (baseline), at postoperative days 3 to 4, and after 3 months, patients were examined using [11C]PBR28 brain PET imaging to assess brain immune cell activation. Concurrently, systemic inflammatory biomarkers, ex vivo blood tests on immunoreactivity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, and cognitive function were assessed.ResultsPatients showed a global downregulation of gray matter [11C]PBR28 binding of 26 ± 26% (mean ± standard deviation) at 3 to 4 days postoperatively compared to baseline (p = 0.023), recovering or even increasing after 3 months. LPS‐induced release of the proinflammatory marker tumor necrosis factor‐α in blood displayed a reduction (41 ± 39%) on the 3rd to 4th postoperative day, corresponding to changes in [11C]PBR28 distribution volume. Change in Stroop Color‐Word Test performance between postoperative days 3 to 4 and 3 months correlated to change in [11C]PBR28 binding (p = 0.027).InterpretationThis study translates preclinical data on changes in the brain immune system after surgery to humans, and suggests an interplay between the human brain and the inflammatory response of the peripheral innate immune system. These findings may be related to postsurgical impairments of cognitive function. Ann Neurol 2017;81:572–582
The Borderline between Reactivity and Pre‐reactivity of Binary Mixtures of Gaseous Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols
Authors: Evangelisti Luca , Spada Lorenzo , Li Weixing , Vazart Fanny , Barone Vincenzo , Caminati Walther 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBy mixing primary and secondary alcohols with carboxylic acids just before the supersonic expansion within pulsed Fourier transform microwave experiments, only the rotational spectrum of the ester was observed. However, when formic acid was mixed with tertiary alcohols, adducts were formed and their rotational spectra could be easily measured. Quantum mechanical calculations were performed to interpret the experimental evidence.
Reagent‐ and Metal‐Free Anodic C−C Cross‐Coupling of Aniline Derivatives
Authors: Schulz Lara , Enders Mathias , Elsler Bernd , Schollmeyer Dieter , Dyballa Katrin M. , Franke Robert , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe dehydrogenative cross‐coupling of aniline derivatives to 2,2′‐diaminobiaryls is reported. The oxidation is carried out electrochemically, which avoids the use of metals and reagents. A large variety of biphenyldiamines were thus prepared. The best results were obtained when glassy carbon was used as the anode material. The electrosynthetic reaction is easily performed in an undivided cell at slightly elevated temperature. In addition, common amine protecting groups based on carboxylic acids were employed that can be selectively removed under mild conditions after the cross‐coupling, which provides quick and efficient access to important building blocks featuring free amine moieties.
Insight of electrical behavior in ferroelectric‐semiconductor polymer nanocomposite films of PVDF/ZnSe and PVDF/Cu:ZnSe
Authors: Bhagavathula S. DIwakar , Kokkarachedu Varaprasad , Acuna David Quezada , Koduri Ramam , Veluri Swaminadham , Reddy Venu 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTNanocomposite thin films (NCTF) of low‐dimensional ZnSe and copper doped ZnSe integrated poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer were developed via simple solution casting method. Herein, ZnSe and Cu:ZnSe nanoparticles were synthesized through the chemical reduction technique. The obtained low‐dimensional nanoparticles and NCTFs were characterized by XRD, SEM/EDS, TEM, and FTIR analysis. Room temperature dielectric and ferroelectric characteristics of PVDF/ZnSe flexible NCTF exhibited superior dielectric and ferroelectric behavior with a high coercive field of 15.6 V. Whereas, the dielectric and ferroelectric characteristics were greatly diminished in the PVDF/Cu:ZnSe flexible NCTF was due to the conducting behavior of copper ions at the interface of the polymer network. These results indicated that the PVDF/ZnSe flexible NCTF will be a potential candidate for advanced electrical applications and device fabrication. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44983.
Design for low‐temperature microwave‐assisted crystallization of ceramic thin films
Authors: Nakamura Nathan , Seepaul Jason , Kadane Joseph B. , Reeja‐Jayan B. 
Published: March 2017

We designed experiments to determine optimized values for input parameters such as temperature, solution concentration, and power input for synthesizing ceramic materials, specifically titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films using microwave radiation, which permits crystallization of these films at significantly lower temperatures (150‐160 °C) compared to conventional techniques (>450 °C). The advantage of using lower temperatures is both reduced energy requirements, and in expanding the set of substrates (e.g., plastics) on which the thin film materials can be deposited. Low temperature crystallization permits ceramic thin film materials to be directly grown on delicate plastic substrates (which melt at temperatures over 200°C) and thus would have important applications in the emerging flexible electronics industry.Using a linear regression with quadratic terms, we found estimated optimal settings for the reaction parameters. When tried experimentally, these optimal settings produced better results (% coverage with film) than any of the data used in estimation. This approach allows fine tuning of the input parameters and can lead to reliable synthesis of films in a low‐temperature environment. It may also be an important step in understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying the growth of these films in the presence of electromagnetic fields like microwave radiation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cover Image, Volume 11, Issue 2
Authors: Ge Shijian , Champagne Pascale , Plaxton William C. , Leite Gustavo B. , Marazzi Francesca 
Published: March 2017

The cover image, by Shijian Ge et al., is based on the Review Microalgal cultivation with waste streams and metabolic constraints to triacylglycerides accumulation for biofuel production, DOI: 10.1002/bbb.1726.
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Untersuchung zur Rissentwicklung im Massenbeton
Authors: Strieder Emanuel , Hilber Raimund , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIm erhärtenden Beton treten temperaturbedingt Dehnungen und/oder Spannungen auf, während sich die Materialeigenschaften Steifigkeit, Festigkeiten etc. verändern. Da sich sowohl der Widerstand als auch die Einwirkungen zeitlich verändern, kann mit Zeitverlaufsberechnungen die Rissbildung untersucht werden. In einem Forschungsprojekt zur Ressourcenoptimierung beim Bau von Stahlbetonschutzbauwerken im Wasserbau wurden der Einfluss von unterschiedlichen Bindemitteln auf die Rissbildung und die zu deren Begrenzung erforderliche Mindestbewehrung erarbeitet [1]. In diesem Beitrag wird das hierzu verwendete ABAQUS Finite‐Elemente‐Modell detailliert beschrieben. Der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Bindemittel auf die Rissbildung und die Auswirkungen einer Nachbehandlung des Betons durch längere Ausschalfristen werden numerisch untersucht.
Durchstanzexperimente an Plattenvierteln
Authors: Bocklenberg Lennart , Winkler Karsten , Mark Peter 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDie Beschreibung des Durchstanzverhaltens von dicken Stahlbetonplatten stellt Ingenieure seit Jahrzehnten vor große Herausforderungen. Der komplexe räumliche Spannungszustand im Bereich der Decken‐Stützenverbindung, welcher zudem von einem Maßstabseffekt überlagert wird, führt zu uneinheitlichen, teils widersprüchlichen Vorstellungen des Tragverhaltens. Gleichzeitig können maßstäbliche experimentelle Untersuchungen aufgrund hoher Prüflasten und Eigengewichte nur an vergleichsweise dünnen Platten durchgeführt werden.Ein an der Ruhr‐Universität Bochum entwickeltes Versuchskonzept soll nun erstmals Experimente an dicken Platten erlauben. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Lagerung entwickelt, welche die Nutzung von Bauteilsymmetrien im Versuch ermöglicht. Angewendet auf einen doppelt symmetrischen Deckenausschnitt kann so ein Plattenviertel anstelle einer ganzen Stahlbetonplatte geprüft werden.Im Beitrag wird die Weiterentwicklung des Konzepts präsentiert. Zwei Anschlussvarianten reduzieren ungewollte Versteifungseffekte im Anschlussbereich zwischen Versuchskörper und Symmetrielagerung, die in einem ersten prototypischen Durchstanzversuch zu einer Überschätzung der Tragfähigkeit führten. Zur experimentellen Absicherung des Konzepts wurde eine Versuchsreihe, bestehend aus einer ganzen Stahlbetonplatte sowie zwei korrespondierenden Plattenvierteln, getestet. Beide Versuchsarten führen zu nahezu identischen Ergebnissen, was auch rechnerisch gezeigt wird.
Datenbank für querkraftbeanspruchte Stahlfaserbetonbauteile
Authors: Heek Peter , Look Katharina , Minelli Fausto , Mark Peter , Plizzari Giovanni 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDer Einsatz von Makrofasern aus Stahl gewinnt seit der bauaufsichtlichen Einführung der Richtlinie „Stahlfaserbeton” des Deutschen Ausschusses für Stahlbeton (DAfStb) auch in tragenden Betonkonstruktionen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Insbesondere beim Nachweis ausreichender Querkrafttragfähigkeit erweist sich die Fasertragwirkung als günstig, da eine Querkraftbewehrung auch bei Balken rechnerisch vollständig durch Fasern gebildet sein kann – Bügel also entfallen. Haupteinflussparameter ist die Nachrisszugfestigkeit, die aufgrund vielfältiger interagierender Einflussparameter hohen Streuungen unterliegt und nach Ansätzen der DAfStb‐Richtlinie bzw. den Modellen des Model Codes 2010 deutlich unterschiedlich einfließt. Der Beitrag vergleicht die Prognosegenauigkeiten rechnerischer Querkrafttragfähigkeiten, indem rechnerische Bruchlasten experimentellen Daten von Schubversuchen aus der Literatur gegenübergestellt werden. Die aufgebaute Schubdatenbank umfasst dabei über 250 Versuche mit praxistypischen Konfigurationen, d. h., dass Querschnittsgeometrie, Längs‐ und Bügelbewehrungsgehalt, Nachrisszugfestigkeit des Stahlfaserbetons sowie Betondruckfestigkeit variable Parameter sind.
A 13‐week research‐based biochemistry laboratory curriculum
Authors: Lefurgy Scott T. , Mundorff Emily C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHere, we present a 13‐week research‐based biochemistry laboratory curriculum designed to provide the students with the experience of engaging in original research while introducing foundational biochemistry laboratory techniques. The laboratory experience has been developed around the directed evolution of an enzyme chosen by the instructor, with mutations designed by the students. Ideal enzymes for this curriculum are able to be structurally modeled, solubly expressed, and monitored for activity by UV/Vis spectroscopy, and an example curriculum for haloalkane dehalogenase is given. Unique to this curriculum is a successful implementation of saturation mutagenesis and high‐throughput screening of enzyme function, along with bioinformatics analysis, homology modeling, structural analysis, protein expression and purification, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and enzyme kinetics. Each of these techniques is carried out using a novel student‐designed mutant library or enzyme variant unique to the lab team and, importantly, not described previously in the literature. Use of a well‐established set of protocols promotes student data quality. Publication may result from the original student‐generated hypotheses and data, either from the class as a whole or individual students that continue their independent projects upon course completion. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(5):437–448, 2017.
Diversity in mental fatigue and social profile of patients with myasthenia gravis in two different Northern European countries
Authors: Sabre Liis , Westerberg Elisabet , Liik Maarika , Punga Anna R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSelf‐estimated health can be used for comparison of different diseases between countries. It is important to elaborate on whether disparities in self‐estimated health are due to disease‐specific parameters or socioeconomic differences. In this study, we aimed at evaluating clinical and social similarities and differences in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients between comparable regions in two Baltic Sea countries, Estonia and Sweden.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included southern counties in Sweden and Estonia of comparable size. All patients with a confirmed MG diagnosis were asked to answer two questionnaires including demographic and disease‐specific data, lifestyle issues, and mental fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS]). Clinical fatigue was assessed objectively through the Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis Score (QMG).ResultsThirty‐six of 92 identified patients in Estonia and 40 of 70 identified MG patients in Sweden chose to participate in the study. The demographic characteristics and symptoms reported by the patients were similar. QMG score did not differ; however, the Estonian patients scored their current subjective disease severity significantly higher (5.6 ± 2.8) compared to the Swedish patients (3.4 ± 2.3, p = .0005). Estonian patients also had significantly higher FSS scores (5.0 ± 1.7) than Swedish patients (3.5 ± 1.6; p = .001). Swedish patients were more active and performed physical activity more regularly (29.1% in Estonia and 74.2% in Sweden, p = .004).ConclusionsAlthough, the patients had comparable clinical fatigue, Estonian patients evaluated their health state as being more severe and reported more mental fatigue than Swedish patients. These data indicate large regional differences in disease perception of MG, which is important to consider in international studies.
Tolvaptan use in cancer patients with hyponatremia due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone: a post hoc analysis of the SALT‐1 and SALT‐2 trials
Authors: Gralla Richard J. , Ahmad Fatima , Blais Jaime D. , Chiodo Joseph , Zhou Wen , Glaser Linda A. , Czerwiec Frank S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder in cancer patients and has been associated with poor prognosis. A frequent cause of cancer‐related hyponatremia is the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). This study was a post hoc subgroup analysis of the SALT‐1 (Study of Ascending Levels of Tolvaptan in Hyponatremia) and SALT‐2 clinical trials. Hyponatremic subjects with SIADH and cancer received the oral selective vasopressin V2‐receptor antagonist tolvaptan (n = 12) or matching placebo (n = 16) once‐daily for 30 days. The initial tolvaptan dose (15 mg) was titrated over 4 days to 30 or 60 mg per day, as needed, according to serum sodium level and tolerability. Baseline serum sodium levels in the SIADH/cancer cohort of the SALT trials was 130 and 128 mEq/L for tolvaptan and placebo, respectively. Mean change from baseline in average daily serum sodium AUC for tolvaptan relative to placebo was 5.0 versus −0.3 mEq/L (P < 0.0001) at day 4, and 6.9 versus 1.0 mEq/L (P < 0.0001) at day 30; the observed treatment effects were similar to those in the overall SIADH population (i.e., with and without cancer) at both time points. Serum sodium normalization was observed in 6/12 and 0/13 subjects at day 4 and 7/8 and 2/6 subjects at day 30 in the tolvaptan and placebo groups, respectively (P < 0.05 for both). Common treatment‐emergent AEs for tolvaptan were consistent with previously reported results. In this post hoc study of the SALT trial population, oral tolvaptan was an effective and safe therapy for the treatment of hyponatremia in subjects with SIADH and cancer.
Early readmissions after transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement
Authors: Vejpongsa Pimprapa , Bhise Viraj , Charitakis Konstantinos , Vernon Anderson H. , Balan Prakash , Nguyen Tom C. , Estrera Anthony L. , Smalling Richard W. , Dhoble Abhijeet 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesWe aimed to determine and compare the prevalence, and predictors of readmissions after the transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR).BackgroundThere are limited data on the readmission rates after TAVR in comparison with SAVR.MethodsWe analyzed the data from 2013 National Readmission Database. Propensity‐matched pairs were used to analyze differences in readmission rates between TAVR and SAVR for patients aged ≥65.ResultsA total of 24,020 (TAVR‐transfemoral 3,469, TAVR‐transapical 1,433, SAVR 19,118) patients were included. The readmission rates were not statistically different for all propensity‐matched TAVR and SAVR patients (17.2% vs. 20.6%, P = 0.28). However, in subgroup analysis, transapical TAVR had the highest readmission rate (22.8% vs. 16.5% vs. 16.0%, P < 0.001, respectively) and readmission leading to death (7.1% vs. 5.3% vs. 3.9%, P = 0.022, respectively) when compared with transfemoral TAVR and SAVR. In all the groups, two‐thirds of readmissions were due to noncardiac causes. Congestive heart failure (CHF) and arrhythmia were the most frequent cardiac etiologies. The independent predictors of readmission were female sex, CHF, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients who received care in teaching hospitals had lower probability of readmission.ConclusionsOne of six patients were readmitted within 30 days after the aortic valve replacement. On propensity score analysis, there were no significant differences between the early readmission rates between TAVR and SAVR groups. However, the patients undergoing transapical TAVR were at higher risk for readmission, and subsequent deaths when compared with transfemoral TAVR and SAVR. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hematospermia as a manifestation of severe hypertension in a young man
Authors: Amasanti Maria , Huang Cleo , Lovell Ben 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageWhilst hematospermia may indicate urological disease, it is a rare manifestation of severe systemic hypertension. We describe the case of a young man with hematospermia associated with a blood pressure of 228/135. Blood pressure treatment led to resolution of his hematospermia. Physicians must be aware of this potential association.
Characterization of a novel HESX1 mutation in a pediatric case of septo‐optic dysplasia
Authors: Pozzi Sara , Tan Wen‐Hann , Martinez‐Barbera JuanPedro 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageSepto‐optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare condition for which the precise etiology is still unclear. Elucidating the genetic component of SOD is a difficult but necessary task for the future. We describe herein a novel HESX1 c.475C>T (p.R159W) mutation and demonstrate its potential pathogenicity in the development of this rare disease.
Plasmodium spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi co‐infection associated with antiphospholipid syndrome in a returned traveler: a case report
Authors: Neves Nélia , Silva‐Pinto André , Rocha Helena , Silva Susana , Pereira Edite , Sarmento Antonio , Santos Lurdes 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageThe differential diagnosis of fever in a returned traveler is wide and challenging. We present a case of a patient working in Africa, who returned with fever, constitutional symptoms, headache, and blurred vision. An initial diagnosis of malaria was made, and additional workup revealed Borrelia burgdorferi co‐infection and antiphospholipid syndrome.
Reaction Pathways for the Deoxygenation of Biomass‐Pyrolysis‐Derived Bio‐oil on Ru: A DFT Study using Furfural as a Model Compound
Authors: Banerjee Arghya , Mushrif Samir H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFast pyrolysis is emerging as a promising route for the production of liquid fuels from biomass. However, pyrolysis‐derived bio‐oil needs to be upgraded prior to its utilization as a fuel and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is an important catalytic step for its upgrade. Design of suitable catalysts with high activity and selectivity for the HDO process requires detailed understanding of the underlying catalytic reaction mechanism. As ruthenium (Ru)‐based catalysts have been proposed to be the most effective HDO catalysts, the complete reaction network for HDO of furfural, a representative of furanic compounds present in bio‐oil, is elucidated in this study on the Ru(0 0 1) surface by using first‐principles density functional theory calculations. The reaction pathways for the formation of furfuryl alcohol (FA), tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF), methylfuran (MF), cyclopentanol, 1,2‐ and 1,5‐pentane diols, furan, and pentanes are established. Furan ring‐opening is facile on Ru surfaces and our calculations predict pentane formation to be thermodynamically and kinetically favored in the vapor‐phase hydrodeoxygenation of furfural on Ru surfaces.
Glucose Isomerization Using Alkali Metal and Alkaline Earth Metal Titanates
Authors: Ohyama Junya , Zhang Yutong , Ito Jun , Satsuma Atsushi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGlucose isomerization was performed using various titanate catalysts, which include SrTiO3, BaTiO3, CaTiO3, Na2Ti6O13, K2Ti6O13, and Sr3Ti2O7, prepared using a conventional solid‐phase method. Among the titanates, SrTiO3, CaTiO3, and Na2Ti6O13 offered a relatively high fructose yield (32 %) with a high selectivity (68–78 %). The yields are comparable to yields reported previously using a Sn‐modified BEA zeolite, which shows a high efficiency for glucose isomerization as a Lewis acid catalyst. A study of the mechanism of glucose isomerization on a SrTiO3 catalyst surface by using 1H NMR spectroscopy suggested that the titanates catalyze the isomerization as base catalysts. Thus, the effect of the basicity of the titanates on glucose isomerization was investigated in terms of the base quantity and strength. The analysis was performed by using an acid–base titration method and FTIR spectroscopy with CHCl3 as a probe molecule. It is proposed that glucose isomerization on the titanates depends not only on the base amount but also on the base strength.