bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common Genetic Variant Risk Score Is Associated With Drug-Induced QT Prolongation and Torsade de Pointes Risk
Authors: Strauss David G. , Vicente Jose , Johannesen Lars , Blinova Ksenia , Mason Jay W. , Weeke Peter , Behr Elijah R. , M. Roden Dan , Woosley Ray , Kosova Gulum , Rosenberg Michael A. , Newton-Cheh Christopher 
Published: February 2017

Background:
Drug-induced QT interval prolongation, a risk factor for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, is a potential side effect of many marketed and withdrawn medications. The contribution of common genetic variants previously associated with baseline QT interval to drug-induced QT prolongation and arrhythmias is not known.

Methods:
We tested the hypothesis that a weighted combination of common genetic variants contributing to QT interval at baseline, identified through genome-wide association studies, can predict individual response to multiple QT-prolonging drugs. Genetic analysis of 22 subjects was performed in a secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of 3 QT-prolonging drugs with 15 time-matched QT and plasma drug concentration measurements. Subjects received single doses of dofetilide, quinidine, ranolazine, and placebo. The outcome was the correlation between a genetic QT score comprising 61 common genetic variants and the slope of an individual subject’s drug-induced increase in heart rate–corrected QT (QTc) versus drug concentration.

Results:

The genetic QT score was correlated with drug-induced QTc prolongation. Among white subjects, genetic QT score explained 30% of the variability in response to dofetilide (
r
=0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.09–0.81;
P
=0.02), 23% in response to quinidine (
r
=0.48; 95% confidence interval, −0.03 to 0.79;
P
=0.06), and 27% in response to ranolazine (
r
=0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.05–0.80;
P
=0.03). Furthermore, the genetic QT score was a significant predictor of drug-induced torsade de pointes in an independent sample of 216 cases compared with 771 controls (
r
2
=12%,
P
=1×10
−7
).

Conclusions:
We demonstrate that a genetic QT score comprising 61 common genetic variants explains a significant proportion of the variability in drug-induced QT prolongation and is a significant predictor of drug-induced torsade de pointes. These findings highlight an opportunity for recent genetic discoveries to improve individualized risk-benefit assessment for pharmacological therapies. Replication of these findings in larger samples is needed to more precisely estimate variance explained and to establish the individual variants that drive these effects.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01873950.
Numerical Simulations of Two Trapped Mountain Lee Waves Downstream of Oahu
Authors: Li Liye , Chen Yi-Leng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTwo trapped lee-wave events dominated by the transverse mode downstream of the island of Oahu in Hawaii—27 January 2010 and 24 January 2003—are simulated using the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) Model with a horizontal grid size of 1 km in conjunction with the analyses of soundings, weather maps, and satellite images. The common factors for the occurrences of these transverse trapped mountain-wave events are 1) Froude number [Fr = U/(Nh)] > 1, where U is the upstream speed of the cross-barrier flow, N is stability, and h is the mountain height; 2) insufficient convective available potential energy for the air parcel to become positively buoyant after being lifted to the top of the stable trade wind inversion layer; and 3) increasing cross-barrier wind speed with respect to height through the stable inversion layer, satisfying Scorer’s criteria between the inversion layer and the layer aloft. Within the inversion layer, where the Scorer parameter has a maximum, the wave amplitudes are the greatest. The two trapped mountain waves in winter occurred under strong prefrontal stably stratified southwesterly flow. On the other islands in Hawaii, where the mountaintops are below the base of the inversion, transverse trapped lee waves can occur under similar large-scale settings if the mountain height is lower than U/N. The high-spatial-and-temporal-resolution WRF Model successfully simulates the onset, development, and dissipation of these two events. Sensitivity tests for the 27 January 2010 case are performed with reduced relative humidity (RH). With a lower RH and less-significant latent heating, trapped lee waves have smaller amplitudes and shorter wavelengths.
Do Restrictions Beget Responsibility? The Case of U.S. Abortion Legislation
Authors: Felkey Amanda J. , Lybecker Kristina M. 
Published: February 2017

Over the past decade, more than 25 U.S. states enacted legislation surrounding abortions. By analyzing state abortion legislation and proxying how the cost of obtaining an abortion varies across states, this study assesses the implications of legislative changes on women’s contraceptive choices. Examining women by race/ethnicity, income, age, and religious affiliation, the results show that women respond to increased restrictions on abortion availability and cost but that the effects are very small. This study demonstrates that legislation restricting women’s access to abortions fails to promote greater use of more effective contraceptive methods, increasing the likelihood of unwanted births and illegal abortion procedures. JEL Classifications: D1, D81, I18, J13
Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of Active Lions: A Campaign to Promote Active Travel to a University Campus
Authors: Bopp Melissa , Sims Dangaia , Matthews Stephen A. , Rovniak Liza S. , Poole Erika , Colgan Joanna 
Published: February 2017

Purpose: To outline the development, implementation, and evaluation of a multistrategy intervention to promote active transportation, on a large university campus. Design: Single group pilot study. Setting: A large university in the Northeastern United States. Participants: University students (n = 563), faculty and staff (employees, n = 999) were included in the study. Intervention: The Active Lions campaign aimed to increase active transportation to campus for all students and employees. The campaign targeted active transport participation through the development of a smartphone application and the implementation of supporting social marketing and social media components. Measures: Component-specific measures included app user statistics, social media engagement, and reach of social marketing strategies. Overall evaluation included cross-sectional online surveys preintervention and postintervention of student and employee travel patterns and campaign awareness. Analysis: Number of active trips to campus were summed, and the percentage of trips as active was calculated. T tests compared the differences in outcomes from preintervention to postintervention. Results: Students had a higher percentage of active trips postintervention (64.2%) than preintervention (49.2%; t = 3.32, P = .001), although there were no differences for employees (7.9% and 8.91%). Greater awareness of Active Lions was associated with greater active travel. Conclusion: This multistrategy approach to increase active transportation on a college campus provided insight on the process of developing and implementing a campaign with the potential for impacting health behaviors among campus members.
The Politics of Evidence Use in Health Policy Making in Germany—the Case of Regulating Hospital Minimum Volumes
Authors: Ettelt Stefanie 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This article examines the role of scientific evidence in informing health policy decisions in Germany, using minimum volumes policy as a case study. It argues that scientific evidence was used strategically at various stages of the policy process both by individual corporatist actors and by the Federal Joint Committee as the regulator. Minimum volumes regulation was inspired by scientific evidence suggesting a positive relationship between service volume and patient outcomes for complex surgical interventions. Federal legislation was introduced in 2002 to delegate the selection of services and the setting of volumes to corporatist decision makers. Yet, despite being represented in the Federal Joint Committee, hospitals affected by its decisions took the Committee to court to seek legal redress and prevent policy implementation. Evidence has been key to support, and challenge, decisions about minimum volumes, including in court. The analysis of the role of scientific evidence in minimum volumes regulation in Germany highlights the dynamic relationship between evidence use and the political and institutional context of health policy making, which in this case is characterized by the legislative nature of policy making, corporatism, and the role of the judiciary in reviewing policy decisions.
Feminist Voices of the 1990s Generation
Authors: Anishchenkova Valerie 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The generation of Egyptian writers and other culture makers whose creative work started to come out during the transformative 1990s produced new distinct discourses on identity, including those related to gender. This article closely examines Miral al-Tahawy’s novel Blue Aubergine (1998) as representative of the New Age feminist writing of Jil al-Tisʾinaat. This antiestablishment form of feminism rebelled against the ideologies of previous movements. It distorted the conventional binaries, such as secular versus Islamic, and promoted hybridity. Finally, it prioritized individual constructions of female identity and plurality of representation. The article investigates the novel’s narrative aspects—hybridity, polyphony, intertextuality—which illustrate the quest for a new Egyptian female identity.
Κοινωνία και πολιτική στη μετεμφυλιακή Ελλάδα: όψεις και διαστάσεις των συλλόγων στην περιοχή της πρωτεύουσας, 1949-1967
Authors: Καραγιάννης Γιάννης 
Published: February 2017

Στο άρθρο καταγράφονται και ταξινομούνται θεματικά οι σύλλογοι οι oποίοι αναγνωρίστηκαν από το Πρωτοδικείο Αθηνών την περίοδο 1949-1967. Ακόμη, σκιαγραφούνται οι βασικοί άξονες αναφοράς βάσει των οποίων δημιουργούνται μετεμφυλιακά οι σύλλογοι στην Ελλάδα και εξετάζεται η δυναμική που εμφανίζουν στο χρόνο. Δίνεται έτσι η δυνατότητα ώστε να ιχνηλατηθούν διαστάσεις της «κοινωνίας των πολιτών» στη μετεμφυλιακή Ελλάδα, καθώς και να διατυπωθούν ερωτήματα σχετικά με τη φυσιογνωμία γενικότερα της ελληνικής κοινωνίας. Η μελέτη των συλλόγων δίνει τέλος λαβή ώστε να διερευνηθούν οι σχέσεις μεταξύ πολιτικής και κοινωνίας, κράτους και «κοινωνίας των πολιτών».
« Όταν έγινε Ελληνικό»: γύφτοι, μουσική και «αυθεντικότητα» στα ελληνο-αλβανικά σύνορα
Authors: Θεοδοσίου Ασπασία 
Published: February 2017

Ποια η σημασία της «αυθεντικότητας» στο νεωτερικό κόσμο τον επικρατειακού κράτους και της εθνοτικής εθνικότητας; Ποιες οι συνέπειες της στην παραγωγή της ετερότητας; Με φόντο την ιστορική στιγμή της εγχάραξης των ελληνο-αλβανικών συνόρων και της εδραίωσης του ελληνικού έθνους-κράτους στην περιοχή, το άρθρο διερευνά τα παραπάνω ερωτήματα εστιάζοντας στην περίπτωση των Γύφτων του Παρακαλάμου. Υποστηρίζει ότι αυτοί αποτελούν την ορατή και επιτελούμενη αναπαράσταση του αμφίσημου και οριακού «άλλου», που ταυτόχρονα συμπεριλαμβάνεται και αποπέμπεται από το εθνικό φαντασιακό. Εμπεδωμένη στις συνεργειες «αυθεντικότητας», «παράδοσης» και «ουσιοκρατίας», η «διπλή οριακότητά» τους συγκροτείται στη βάση της ιστορικής τους σχέσης με τον τόπο των συνόρων. Το άρθρο επιλογικά θίγει το ζήτημα των συνεπειών της κατασκευής «αυθεντικών άλλων» στα σύγχρονα συμφραζόμενα
Δρομολογώντας τo ασφαλές σχολείο
Authors: Μπελογιάννη Μαρία Π. 
Published: February 2017

Η έρευνα που πραγματοποιήθηκε σε μαθητές Πειραματικού Γυμνασίου στο νομό Αττικής κατά τη σχολική χρονιά 2006-2007 με σκοπό την αποτύπωση φαινομένων ενδοσχολικής βίας και την ανάδειξη τρόπων διαχείρισης τους εδειξε πως οι μαθητές στην πλειονότητα τους έχουν υπάρξει μάρτυρες σχολικής βίας, σωματικής κυρίως μορφής, και πως αρκετοί από αυτούς έχουν υποστεί λεκτική βία. Σημαντικό είναι το ποσοστό της ψυχολογικής βίας και μικρό της σεξουαλικής βίας (κυρίως σεξουαλικά ταπεινωτικά σχόλια). Η έρευνα έδειξε επίσης πως η άσκηση βίας προκαλεί θυμό, εκνευρισμό και τάση για εκδίκηση στα θύματα. Οι θύτες συνήθως μετανιώνουν και δε θέλουν να το ξανακάνουν. Η εκδήλωση φαινομένων βίας, μολονότι καλλιεργεί κλίμα ανασφάλειας σε αρκετούς μαθητές, είναι αντιμετωπίσιμη και μάλιστα με τρόπους που προτείνουν οι ίδιοι. Είναι ενθαρρυντικό το ότι ένα πολύ μεγάλο ποσοστό μαθητών δήλωσε πως θα συμμετείχε σε ένα πρόγραμμα πρόληψης, καθώς θεωρεί ότι η σχολική βία είναι μια πολύ σοβαρή υπόθεση.
Η επανεξέταση της ελληνικής υπαίθρου μέσα απο δυναμική μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση και την αξιοποίηση των γεωγραφικών συστημάτων πληροφοριών
Authors: Παπαδόπουλος Απόστολος Γ. , Χαλκιάς Χρίστος , Φάκα Αντιγόνη 
Published: February 2017

Στο παρόν κείμενο παρουσιάζεται μια δυναμική μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση, η οποία έχει σχεδιαστεί έτσι ώστε να ενσωματώνει κοινωνικοοικονομικά και χωρικά δεδομένα της ελληνικής υπαίθρου για την αποτίμηση των διαφοροποιήσεων στο εσωτερικό της. Η εν λόγω μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση στηρίζεται στα γεωγραφικά συστήματα πληροφοριών (ΓΣΠ) που ενδείκνυνται για το συνδυασμό εμπειρικών, χωρικών και στατιστικών στοιχείων με δεδηλωμένο σκοπό την κατασκευή και τον έλεγχο σύνθετων κριτηρίων για την απεικόνιση της διαφοροποίησης της αγροτικής Ελλάδας. Πεδίο εφαρμογής της προτεινόμενης μεθοδολογίας είναι η περιοχή της Πελοποννήσου, καθώς αποτελεί μια σχετικά αυτοτελή γεωγραφική ενότητα και χαρακτηρίζεται από σημαντικές διαφοροποιήσεις στο εσωτερικό της. Τα σύνθετα κριτήρια που χρησιμοποιούνται στην ανάλυση αποτελούν στην πραγματικότητα πολυμεταβλητούς δείκτες, οι οποίοι έχουν οργανωθεί κατάλληλα ώστε να αντανακλούν συγκεκριμένα χαρακτηριστικά (απασχόλησης, χωρικά, δημογραφικά και αγροτικά) της υπαίθρου. Τα τελευταία έχουν συγκροτηθεί με βάση στατιστικούς ελέγχους των μεταβλητών, ενώ ο ορισμός τους έχει επιβεβαιωθεί θεωρητικά. Υπογραμμίζεται ότι αυτά τα χαρακτηριστικά εκλαμβάνονται ως σχετικά συμπαγείς παράγοντες που επιτρέπουν να αποτιμηθεί η κοινωνικοοικονομική και χωρική πολυμορφία των αγροτικών περιοχών. Η παρούσα μεθοδολογία οδηγεί σε μια χαρτογραφική αποτύπωση της «ζωνοποίησης» της ελληνικής υπαίθρου σύμφωνα με το βαθμό στον οποίο οι περιοχές της υπαίθρου συγκεντρώνουν ευνοϊκά ή μη ευνοϊκά αναπτυξιακά χαρακτηριστικά
Regional Languages in Indonesian Educational System: a comparison study of Javanese, Sundanese and Dayak languages teaching programs
Authors: Gumilar Teija 
Published: February 2017

Indonesian language has been a lingua franca between 1.128 ethnical groups speaking 746 regional languages and dialects, living in the Republic of Indonesia. The domination of Indonesian language in daily practice, the emerging popularity of foreign languages and the change in socio-economic condition have adverse impacts to the existence of regional languages. By 2007 about 35% of those languages are believed to be disappearing. Some ethnical groups with large population succeeded developing their languages through elaborate standardization, better teaching programs and rich literary works. Since 2004 government and linguists have been working on ef-fective regional languages teaching and promotion pro-grams. As the educational policy lies in the hand of pro-vincial government, new strategies have been implemented to incorporate regional language teaching into local content subjects within elementary, secondary and high schools respectively. In this paper the author will show a comparison study between teaching programs of Javanese, Sundanese and Dayak languages.
‘THE RULE OF THREE’ IN THE GROWTH STORIES – GANGBAIK LEE’S DRAMA “LIKE LOOKING AT THE FLOWER IN THE MIDWINTER”
Authors: KIM Mansu 
Published: February 2017

This paper focused on the structure of the growth stories, especially in surveying Gangbaek Lee’s (이강백) drama “Like Looking at the Flower in the Mid-winter (동지섣달 꽃 본 듯이)”. It is structured by ‘rule of the three’. In this text, three sons go to seek their mother, they experience the tests three times. Third son wins the game because he succeeds to find his true and alternative mother. It is similar to the story of English fairy tale “Three Little Pigs”. In Freudian terms, the characters of the both texts are superego, ego and id. The core of the growth story is that third son (id) wins the first son (superego) and the second son (ego) by using his own energy (meaningful labor). In Levi Strauss’ terms, the contrast between the third and the others can be schemed the contrast between culture and nature. Lee’s drama presents the third son as the real hero who overcomes two elder brothers. The first is so conservative (oversleep), the second is so selfish (overeat). Two brothers were too political or too ideal to become a true, humanistic and warm-minded adult. In his view, ‘drama’ related to the third son is the most humanistic and warm-minded action in the world. These both stories are based on the plot ‘rags to riches’ which contains the success of the poor and powerless. In other words, the poor and weak child can grow to the true hero, and reach the final destination, according to the Gustav Jung’s expression, ‘the Self as a Whole’.
The Impact of Educational Mismatches on Wages: The Influence of Measurement Error and Unobserved Heterogeneity
Authors: Sellami Sana , Verhaest Dieter , Nonneman Walter , Van Trier Walter 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe investigate the differential impact of alternative combinations of horizontal and vertical educational mismatches on wages. By using panel data for Belgian graduates, we consider the role of unobserved worker heterogeneity. Random measurement error in both types of mismatches is accounted for by adopting instrumental variable techniques. We consistently find that overeducated individuals without field of study mismatch earn less than adequately educated workers with a similar educational background. However, for individuals who are working outside their field of study, such a wage penalty is not always observed once accounting for unobserved heterogeneity and random measurement error. In some cases, field of study mismatch even seems to be financially beneficial to the worker. These findings contribute to our understanding regarding the extent to which educational mismatches are truly problematic. The results call for policies that focus primarily on combatting vertical mismatches.
Education Outcomes of Children of Asian Intermarriages: Does Gender of the Immigrant Parent Matter?
Authors: Basu Sukanya , Insler Michael 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Studies about the effects of native and immigrant intermarriage on the human capital of children generally ignore disparate impacts by gender, ethnicity, or other attributes. Using 2000 U.S. Census data, we compare the high school dropout rates of 16–17-year-old children of Asian intermarriages and intra-marriages. We study differences between Asian-father and Asian-mother only families, controlling for observable child, parental and residential characteristics, as well as unobservable selection into intermarriage. Despite the higher average education and income levels of intermarried families, the children of Asian-father-native-mother households have higher dropout rates compared to both Asian intra-married and Asian-mother-native-father households. Children of less-educated fathers do worse, relative to children of less-educated mothers, suggesting the importance of intergenerational paternal transmission of education. Racial self-identity is also important: Children identify as “non-Asian” more often when the mother is native, and their families may under-emphasize education bringing them closer to native levels.
Bubble Motion and Gas-Liquid Mixing in Metallurgical Reactor with a Top Submerged Lance
Authors: Zhao Hongliang , Zhang Lifeng , Yin Pan , Wang Sen 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The multiphase fluid mixing and bubble motion in a scale-down Isa smelting furnace with a top submerged lance were investigated through cold water model experiments. The mixing time in the liquid bath was determined by a novel criterion, and the bubble formation frequency and gas-liquid contact area were also measured by high-speed photographing. The empirical equations of mixing time (Tm) relating to mixing energy (ε) were

${T_{{\rm{m}},s}} = 913{\varepsilon ^{ - 0.5}}$
for solid tracer and

${T_{{\rm{m}},l}} = 624{\varepsilon ^{ - 0.48}}$
for liquid tracer, respectively. The mixing time trended down with the increasing of bubble formation frequency, affected slightly by the bubbles with small size and decreased obviously when increasing the gas-liquid contact area. The optimal conditions of gas flow rate, bath height, lance submerged height and lance diameter to guarantee high-efficiency mixing and low-level surface fluctuation/splashing were obtained.
Monitoring of vertical deformations by means high-precision geodetic levelling. Test case: The Arenoso dam (South of Spain)
Authors: de Lacy M. Clara , Ramos M. Isabel , Gil Antonio J. , Franco Óscar D. , Herrera Antonio M. , Avilés Manuel , Domínguez Alicia , Chica Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The Arenoso reservoir is created by an embankment dam, with central clay core, slates and greywacke shoulders. This kind of engineering structure is subject of deformation due to factors such as changes of water level of the reservoir, seat structure, climate changes, etc. In general, dam monitoring involves measurements both outside (external shell) and inside the structure. A number of control points is established around the area of the dam and the measurements of the displacements of the control points take place at several epochs. In this study high-precision levelling techniques have been used to monitor the vertical deformations. In particular five high-precision levelling profiles were measured in five surveys: February and July 2008, March and July 2013 and August 2014. In this study the design, observations and results are presented. On the one hand the results put in evidence the precision of the observations that are always under 1-mm level. On the other hand these results indicate downstream (southeastward) motion of the thrust block center of the dam probably during the fall and winter. The subsidence reachs here the maximum with a value of −14 cm in 2014 (in respect of February 2008). The displacements observed at the berms of the dam exhibit a similar trend to the displacements observed at the crest but they are significantly smaller, as expected. The accumulative vertical displacements and the settlement index indicate the magnitude of the movements decrease in time, confirming the dam tends to stabilize.