bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed Methods Research Centering on Minoritized Students in Higher Education: A Literature Review
Authors: Hutson Bryant L. , He Ye 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe increasing diversity among higher education students urges researchers to expand research methodologies beyond traditional quantitative approaches. A growing number of higher education researchers have employed mixed methods research (MMR) approaches in studies centering on minoritized student populations. In this review, we identified and analyzed 72 empirical MMR studies published between 2007 and 2023, describing the characteristics of the research design and focusing on the MMR design strategies employed by the authors. The review details specific MMR strategies, including methods for engaging participants, integrating quantitative and qualitative data, and advancing the research agenda that centers minoritized students. Based on the review, we discuss methodological considerations and offer recommendations for higher education professionals to advance more thoughtfully conscious, student-centered modes of knowledge production focusing on minoritized populations.
Vaccine Beliefs Among Uninsured People Receiving Care at Free Clinics
Authors: C. Liu Caroline , A. Siliezar Julio , Alzayat Omar , A. Robinson Carly , Do Timothy , I.J. Carter Adrianna , N. Pons Christine , Patel Om , S. Wilkes Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Misinformation and vaccination hesitancy contribute to disparities in vaccination rates, particularly in under-resourced communities. This study aims to investigate perceptions and factors influencing vaccination decisions at free clinics serving diverse, under-resourced communities.

Methods
Surveys were conducted across eight free clinics in the Greater Sacramento area, targeting uninsured or underinsured individuals. Information on demographics, sources of vaccine information, access to vaccines, vaccine perceptions, and vaccination decisions as pertaining to influenza and COVID-19 were collected on Qualtrics software. Chi-square and t-tests were used to analyze associations between demographics and vaccination rates.

Results
Among 109 participants (24–82 years old), vaccination rates were found to be higher than the county average, with notable demographic variations. Contrary to initial hypotheses, men had higher vaccination rates than women, and recent immigrants exhibited higher vaccination rates than more long-term U.S. residents. A higher number of participants regarded the COVID-19 vaccine as effective than as safe, while the reverse was true for the influenza vaccine. Healthcare providers were the most trusted and influential sources for vaccine information, followed by government agencies, and then family and friends. Answers to hypothetical vaccine scenarios elicited assessments on risks and benefits.

Conclusion
The study provides insight into the dynamics of vaccine hesitancy and factors that play into the decision-making process in under-resourced communities, underscoring the role of trust in healthcare providers. These findings are vital for tailoring community outreach strategies to create trust, address barriers, and enhance vaccine uptake within free community clinics.
Measuring Happiness and Life Satisfaction amongst Swedish Citizens: an Inquiry into Semantic Equivalence in Comparative Survey Research
Authors: Axelsson Sofia , Dahlberg Stefan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA consistent empirical finding is that Scandinavian countries by international standards score steadily high in terms of subjectively reported levels of happiness and life satisfaction. Intrigued by previous findings in Denmark (Lolle and Goul Anderson in Metode Og Forskningsdesign 1:95–119, 2013, in Journal of Happiness Studies 6:1–14)), this paper confirms that this is partly due to language effects. In this paper, Sweden serves as a case study that, similar to the Danish study, seeks to determine whether it is possible to establish semantic equivalence between translated survey items. By using randomized experiments on a representative sample of Swedish citizens with fluent skills in English, we test the effects of different designs in question wordings and response scale labels implemented by international surveys. The results reveal significant differences in answers on happiness. While the mean differences are very small, the distribution of answers is substantial enough to confirm a strong semantic threshold between the English term happy the Swedish term lycklig. Hence, it requires something more to be “very happy” in Swedish than in English. Notably, language appears to have a lesser impact on the distribution of responses across language groups when using a numbered response scale with endpoint labels, indicating that a particular question design either mitigates or intensifies translational effects. Happiness, it is concluded, is not easily translated and survey practitioners should bear this caveat in mind when operationalizing the concept across countries and cultures.
On the Definition of Velocity in Discrete-Time, Stochastic Langevin Simulations
Authors: Grønbech-Jensen Niels 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe systematically develop beneficial and practical velocity measures for accurate and efficient statistical simulations of the Langevin equation with direct applications to computational statistical mechanics and molecular dynamics sampling. Recognizing that the existing velocity measures for the most statistically accurate discrete-time Verlet-type algorithms are inconsistent with the simulated configurational coordinate, we seek to create and analyze new velocity companions that both improve existing methods as well as offer practical options for implementation in existing computer codes. The work is based on the set of GJ methods that, of all methods, for any time step within the stability criteria correctly reproduces the most basic statistical features of a Langevin system; namely correct Boltzmann distribution for harmonic potentials and correct transport in the form of drift and diffusion for linear potentials. Several new and improved velocities exhibiting correct drift are identified, and we expand on an earlier conclusion that, generally, only half-step velocities can exhibit correct, time-step independent Maxwell–Boltzmann distributions. Specific practical and efficient algorithms are given in familiar forms, and these are used to numerically validate the analytically derived expectations. One especially simple algorithm is highlighted, and the ability of one of the new on-site velocities to produce statistically correct averages for a particular damping value is specified.
Pluralism and the unity of science: physics and political epistemology in Cassirer’s phenomenology of knowledge
Authors: Seuthe Alex , Freyberg Sascha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this article, we analyse how Ernst Cassirer’s approach of a phenomenology of knowledge deals with the general question of disunity in science and society. By elaborating on the concept of functional unity, which presupposes difference, Cassirer’s work helps to revise foundational concepts of modern science and society, such as pluralism and truth. Relating Cassirer’s approach to the current interest in political epistemology, we show the implications of Cassirer’s theory of knowledge and analyses of modern science, particularly physics. In these analyses, Cassirer carves out the relational logic of scientific knowledge and its consequences on epistemological and ethico-political levels. While this logic of relations relativises absolute claims on either level, it entails its distinct normative criteria as elements of the scientific ideal. Cassirer’s project defends this ideal and thus can simultaneously defend plurality in science (including the humanities) in terms of methods, perspectives and aims, and preserve the unity of science as a normative ideal and symbolic form in constant interaction with other forms. Thus, Cassirer’s pluralism must be distinguished from mere historicist or relativist conceptions.
Structural and electrical characterization of nickel sulfide nanoparticles
Authors: Roushdy N. , Elnouby Mohamed S. , Farag A. A. M. , Ramadan Mervet , El-Shazly O. , El-Wahidy E. F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNickel sulfide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized through a meticulous process involving a well-mixed powder of Ni(CH3COO)2∙2H2O and Thiourea. The X-ray diffraction analysis provided insights into the structural nature of NiS, revealing its polycrystalline characteristics with a hexagonal system. This information is fundamental, as it forms the basis for understanding the material’s behavior and functionality in various applications. Determining the average values of mean crystallite size, microstrain, and dislocation Nickel sulfide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized through a careful process involving a well-mixed powder of Ni(II)2∙2H2O and Thiourea. The X-ray diffraction analysis provided insights into the structural nature of NiS, revealing its polycrystalline characteristics with a hexagonal system. This information is crucial as it forms the basis for understanding the material’s behavior and functionality in various applications. Determining the average values of mean crystallite size, microstrain, and dislocation density for the (100) plane (32.62 nm, 0.000296, and 0.000939 nm-2, respectively) contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the material’s structural features. The photoluminescence spectrum of NiS in the visible region revealed split peaks at 405.8 and 428.25 nm, shedding light on the radiative recombination process between electrons and holes. The confirmation of thermal stability through a thermogravimetry diagram is essential for applications in elevated temperature environments, ensuring the material’s reliability under varying conditions. Analyzing the stoichiometry of NiS using energy dispersive spectroscopy attached to transmission electron microscopy provides insights into the material’s composition. Cyclic voltammetry results indicating a diffusion coefficient greater than that of NiS added to carbon hold significance for electrochemical applications. The unique characteristic peaks observed in cyclic voltammetry for fuel cell applications suggest the potential use of NiS in energy conversion technologies, broadening its scope of application. The confirmation of NiS’s ability to elucidate the physical and electronic properties of electrochemical systems through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy underlines its importance as a versatile material in various research and practical domains.
Sorption thermodynamic and kinetic study of Cu(II) onto modified plant stem bark
Authors: da Costa Santos Yannice Tatiane , Salvestrini Stefano , Vieira Clara Beatryz Gomes , Menezes Jorge Marcell Coelho , Ribeiro Antonio Junior Alves , Nunes João Victor Serra , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo , Sena Júnior Diniz Maciel , de Paula Filho Francisco José , Teixeira Raimundo Nonato Pereira 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, four types of “Juá” stem barks (Ziziphus joazeiro) were investigated for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. The tested samples included natural coarse barks, and barks washed with water, ethanol–water, and NaOH solutions. The solvent-modified materials simulated the waste of the industrial extraction of saponins from bark. The valorization of these processing residues as sorbents was evaluated. The NaOH-washed sorbent exhibited the highest sorption capacity for Cu(II) (maximum sorption capacity $$\approx$$
≈
32 mg g−1). Ion exchange process between copper and exchangeable surface cations and electrostatic attraction of copper with carboxylate and phenolate groups were identified as the primary sorption mechanisms. Desorption tests revealed that a large portion of the metal sorbed (80%) was easily released from the sorbent thus suggesting, in line with the proposed mechanisms, the existence of weak sorbate-sorbent interactions. The sorptive process was found to be exothermic (∆H° =  − 48.1 ± 13.5 kJ.mol−1) and thermodynamically favorable at lower temperatures.
Graphical Abstract
Addressing Inpatient Hyponatremia Through Targeted Automatic E-consults: A Pilot Randomized Trial
Authors: Judson Timothy J. , Lo Lowell , Demko John E. , Mourad Michelle , Liu Kathleen D. , Wachter Robert M. , Lopez Isaac , Tummalapalli Sri Lekha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients. Treatment of hyponatremia is associated with improved outcomes, but more than one in three cases of new onset hyponatremia is not corrected by the time of hospital discharge. Nephrologist input may improve the diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia, but specialist resources are limited. Targeted automatic electronic consultations (TACos) may be one approach to provide expert nephrologist guidance to the workup and management of hyponatremia using a scalable model.

Objective
Evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a TACo intervention for hospitalized patients with hyponatremia.

Design
Single-site, parallel-group cluster randomized trial.

Participants
Adult inpatients with hyponatremia on the hospital medicine service.

Interventions
A nephrologist conducted TACos on intervention patients, making diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations daily (if warranted) until discharge or resolution of hyponatremia.

Main Measures
Measures of feasibility included the number of eligible participants, percentage receiving TACos, number of TACos per participant, and percentage of formal nephrology consults. Acceptability was assessed by a post-intervention survey. Clinical outcomes, including the percentage of hyponatremia cases that resolved by discharge, were also assessed.

Key Results
We identified 62 patients who met inclusion criteria: 38 in the intervention group and 24 in the control group. A nephrologist determined that 26 of 38 intervention patients (68%) would likely benefit from diagnostic and management recommendations; 67 TACos were performed (mean 2.6 per patient). Fourteen of 18 primary team physicians (78%) reported that the e-consults changed their management, and 15 of 18 (83%) wanted TACOs to continue. Resolution of hyponatremia, length of stay, 30-day readmissions, and costs were similar in the intervention and control groups.

Conclusions
Inpatient TACos for hyponatremia were feasible and acceptable to primary teams, and frequently led to changes in diagnosis and management. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of the TACo model on clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness.
Incidental Physical Activity and Physical Fitness Associate with Sustained Attention and Impulse Control in Older Adults
Authors: Gongora-Meza Luis F. , Sanchez-Lopez Javier 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAge-related changes have been observed in sustained attention and impulse control. Deficits in these functions are related to pathological aging. However, research suggests that an active lifestyle may exert a protective effect on cognition in aging. While the association between physical activity and cognitive functioning in older adults has been previously described, few studies have explored the relationship between incidental physical activity and fitness with sustained attention and impulse control in this population. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between incidental physical activity and various components of fitness and sustained attention and impulsivity in older adults. Fifty-four older adults were recruited (41 females and 13 males) with a mean age of 76.76 years (SD = 8.94). Physical activity levels were assessed using the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS), physical function in healthy older adults was evaluated with the Senior Fitness Test, and sustained attention and impulsivity were measured using a computerized continuous performance task. Significant correlations were found between higher energy expenditure during housework and yardwork activities, and fewer commission errors and shorter reaction times during sustained attention task, and higher sensitivity during impulse control task (rho between 0.35 and 0.40, p < .01, β = 0.80). Additionally, higher scores between agility and balance were associated with better accuracy during the sustained attention task, and faster speed processing correlated to better performance impulse control task (rho between 0.33 and 0.36, p < .05, β = 0.80). Our study highlights the importance of incidental physical activity and various components of fitness on sustained attention and impulse control in aging.
Of rats and children: plague, malaria, and the early history of disease reservoirs (1898–1930)
Authors: Silva Matheus Alves Duarte da , Goodman Jordan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article’s jumping-off point is the highly incisive but often-ignored claim by the French doctor, Louis-Jacques Tanon, in 1922 that rats acted as plague reservoirs in Paris; in other words, that they harboured the plague bacillus but were refractory to it. This claim partially reframed the fight against this disease in the French capital in the 1920s, which became more centred on surveilling the plague reservoir rather than on destroying rats. Drawing upon Tanon’s hypothesis, this article explores the emergence, evolution, and several iterations of the idea of disease reservoirs in the early twentieth century. On the one hand, it describes the crafting of a range of ideas with which Tanon was directly or indirectly dialoguing, namely, that rats could present a stage called chronic plague, which was especially developed in India; and that human populations, especially children, acted as sources or reservoirs of malaria in Sierra Leone and Algeria. On the other hand, this article shows how Tanon created original reasoning by combining and reformulating some of these ideas and applying them to Paris. Thus, this article contributes to the early history of reasoning in terms of disease reservoirs, as well as presenting a more dynamic history of microbiology by showing how concepts crafted in the “Rest” found their place in Europe.
Die Kohlenmonoxidbelastung für Berufspendelnde in der aktiven Mobilität mit dem Fahrrad
Authors: Fischer M. , Oremek G. M. , Ohlendorf D. , Holzgreve F. , Groneberg D. A. 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Fahrrad bringt als aktives Verkehrsmittel für den Arbeitsweg infolge einer gesteigerten körperlichen Aktivität zahlreiche gesundheitliche Vorteile für Berufspendelnde mit sich. Der gesundheitliche Nutzen kann aufgrund einer erhöhten Exposition gegenüber verkehrsbedingten Luftschadstoffen, wie Kohlenmonoxid, insbesondere in urbanen Gebieten beeinträchtigt sein. In Relation zur passiven Mobilität, mittels Auto, Bus oder Bahn, erfahren zu Fuß Gehende und besonders Radfahrende eine vermehrte Aufnahme von Kohlenmonoxid, welches durch eine intensivierte Atmung in Zusammenhang mit der Nähe zum motorisierten Verkehr bedingt ist. Das Ziel dieser Übersicht ist es, die relevanteste Literatur mit Daten zur Kohlenmonoxidexposition von Radfahrenden in städtischen Gebieten zusammenzufassen. Unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Mobilitätsformen und -wege können Erkenntnisse über die relative Schadstoffexposition und die damit verbundenen Gesundheitsrisiken gewonnen werden. Die gesundheitlichen und ökologischen Vorteile der Fortbewegung zu Fuß oder mit dem Fahrrad sowie die Erkenntnisse aus der Luftschadstoff-Forschung können politische Entscheidungen bei der Verkehrsplanung unterstützen, um die Infrastruktur für einen sicheren und gesunden Radverkehr zu schaffen.
Predicting normalized difference vegetation index using a deep attention network with bidirectional GRU: a hybrid parametric optimization approach
Authors: Khodadadi Nima , Towfek S. K. , Zaki Ahmed Mohamed , Alharbi Amal H. , Khodadadi Ehsan , Khafaga Doaa Sami , Abualigah Laith , Ibrahim Abdelhameed , Abdelhamid Abdelaziz A. , Eid Marwa M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractScalable and accurate normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) prediction is necessary to track the status of vegetation and the environment and to support proper ecological management. Herein, we present an innovative deep-learning approach to improve NDVI prediction performances by considering enhanced temporal modeling and hybrid optimization processes. The analysis is based on a core model that integrates a Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) with the profound attention feature since the primary research incorporates the capability of complex temporal in addition to NDVI-time series value. The model performs better through a dual algorithm combining the waterwheel plant algorithm (WWPA) and statistical fractal search (SFS) named WWPASFS-BiGRU. The proposed approach is evaluated using real-world NDVI datasets, demonstrating its capability to outperform traditional models and state-of-the-art deep learning methods. Key performance metrics highlight the model’s accuracy, with a root mean square error (RMSE) as low as 0.00011, reflecting its superior predictive ability. Comparative experiments showcase the robustness of our model across different environmental conditions and geographical settings, affirming its applicability in diverse ecological forecasting scenarios. Additionally, extensive statistical validation, including ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests, confirms the model’s consistency and reliability. The effectiveness of the WWPASFS-BiGRU model is illustrated through applications in predicting NDVI trends across regions in Saudi Arabia, providing critical insights for ecosystem management and sustainable development planning.
A systematic study of carbon-free oxide-based lining for preventing submerged entry nozzle clogging in continuous casting of rare earth steel
Authors: Ma Fei-xiang , Gu Qiang , Liu Guo-qi , Zhang Yi , Li Hong-xia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe reaction of carbon-free oxide-based (corundum, spinel, zirconia, and mullite) submerged entry nozzle (SEN) lining with rare earth inclusions and its anti-clogging effects under near working conditions were systematically studied. A variety of lining composite test methods were innovatively used to ensure the consistency of test conditions. The experimental results showed that the mullite (acidic oxide) has strong reactivity with rare earth inclusions, and the spinel (basic oxide) has stable chemical properties and weak reactivity with rare earth inclusions. Because alumina is one of the main reactants of clogging formation, corundum is not suitable for SEN lining. There are less clogs on the surface of zirconia, but it will be exsoluted and unstable. Therefore, solving the problem of zirconia exsolution will greatly strengthen its application in SEN lining.
Universal versus targeted coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) arrival antigen testing on subsequent COVID-19 infections in military trainees
Authors: Westbrook Marquise D. , Aden James , Kieffer John W. , Winkler Erin L. , Osuna Angela B. , Casey Theresa M. , Frankel Dianne N. , Kiley John L. , Yun Heather C. , Marcus Joseph E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this retrospective cohort study of military trainees, symptomatic-only coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) arrival antigen testing decreased isolation requirements without increasing secondary cases compared to universal antigen testing. Symptomatic-only arrival antigen testing is a feasible alternative for individuals entering a congregant setting with a high risk of COVID-19 transmission.