bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Policy Responses of the Chilean State to the Earthquake and Tsunami of 2010
Authors: Sehnbruch Kirsten , Agloni Nurjk , Imilan Walter , Sanhueza Claudia 
Published: May 2016

Decades of neoliberal policy have left Chile with a skeletal state that administers social policy through targeting and outsourcing in public-private partnerships that lack coordination. The reconstruction after the 2010 earthquake and tsunami responded to the emergency largely according to these same principles. While official reports on the reconstruction effort show a state that is complying with its goals, evidence from fieldwork in the city of Constitución illustrates that this method is highly inadequate in the context of a natural disaster. Chile should establish a social policy structure for natural disasters that allows for a rapid response to a social emergency based on universal or near-universal allocation criteria. Varias décadas de políticas neoliberales han dejado a Chile con un estado débil que simplemente administra las políticas sociales por medio de la focalización y las subcontrataciones en alianzas público-privadas que carecen de coordinación. La reconstrucción después del terremoto y el sunami de 2010 respondió a la catástrofe mayormente de acuerdo a estos mismos principios. Mientras los informes oficiales sobre los esfuerzos de reconstrucción muestran a un estado que cumple con sus metas, el trabajo de campo en la ciudad de Constitución demuestra que este método es decididamente insuficiente en el contexto de un desastre natural. Chile debe establecer unas estructuras de política pública para lidiar con los desastres naturales que permitan dar una respuesta rápida a las emergencias sociales en base a criterios de asignación universales o casi universales.
Immunoadsorption in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Faissner Simon , Nikolayczik Johanna , Chan Andrew , Gold Ralf , Yoon Min-Suk , Haghikia Aiden 
Published: May 2016

Introduction: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a neuroinflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, distinct from multiple sclerosis by affecting predominantly the optic nerve and the spinal cord, and mediated by antibodies directed against aquaporin 4 (AQP4-ab) as a possible pathomechanistic hallmark of NMOSD. Therapeutic options include immunosuppression with steroids or B-cell-depleting agents as baseline therapies, as well as plasma exchange (PLEX) and/or immunoadsorption (IA) during relapses. Until now, data concerning the efficacy of IA alone are scarce. Methods: Visual evoked potentials (VEPs), visual acuity and changes of symptoms at relapse leading to admission in NMOSD patients ( n = 10) treated with IA in a single-centre setting were evaluated retrospectively. Results: All patients profited from the procedure and showed an amelioration of admission symptoms. Three patients improved in visual acuity, another three patients remained stable, whereas five patients showed an improvement in VEPs. Discussion: In this small cohort, IA constitutes a valid therapeutic option for patients with NMOSD as an equivalent to PLEX. Analysis in larger cohorts is warranted.
Quantitative analysis of multiple sclerosis patients’ preferences for drug treatment: a best–worst scaling study
Authors: Lynd Larry D. , Traboulsee Anthony , Marra Carlo A. , Mittmann Nicole , Evans Charity , Li Kathy H. , Carter Melanie , Hategekimana Celestin 
Published: May 2016

Background: With recent developments in drug therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS), new treatment options have become available presenting patients with complex treatment decisions. Objectives: The objective of this study was to elicit patients’ preferences for different attributes of MS drug therapy. Methods: A representative sample of patients with MS across Canada ( n=189) participated in a best–worst scaling study to quantify preferences for different attributes of MS drug therapy, including delaying progression, improving symptoms, preventing relapse, minor side effects, rare but serious adverse events (SAEs), and route of administration. Conditional logit models were fitted to estimate the relative importance of each attribute in influencing patients’ preferences. Results: A latent-class analysis revealed heterogeneity of preferences across respondents, with preferences differing across five classes. The most important attributes of drug therapy were the avoidance of SAEs for three classes and the improvement of symptoms for two other classes. Only a smaller group of patients demonstrated a specific preference for avoiding SAEs, and route of administration. Conclusion: This study shows that preferences for drug therapy among patients with MS are different, some of which can be explained by experiences with their disease and treatment. These findings can help to inform the focus of interactions that healthcare practitioners have with patients with MS, as well as further drug development.
Evaluation of the Quality, Accuracy, and Readability of Online Patient Resources for the Management of Articular Cartilage Defects
Authors: Wang Dean , Jayakar Rohit G. , Leong Natalie L. , Leathers Michael P. , Williams Riley J. , Jones Kristofer J. 
Published: May 2016

Objective Patients commonly use the Internet to obtain their health-related information. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality, accuracy, and readability of online patient resources for the management of articular cartilage defects. Design Three search terms (“cartilage defect,” “cartilage damage,” “cartilage injury”) were entered into 3 Internet search engines (Google, Bing, Yahoo). The first 25 websites from each search were collected and reviewed. The quality and accuracy of online information were independently evaluated by 3 reviewers using predetermined scoring criteria. The readability was evaluated using the Flesch-Kincaid (FK) grade score. Results Fifty-three unique websites were evaluated. Quality ratings were significantly higher in websites with a FK score >11 compared to those with a score of ≤11 ( P = 0.021). Only 10 websites (19%) differentiated between focal cartilage defects and diffuse osteoarthritis. Of these, 7 (70%) were elicited using the search term “cartilage defect” ( P = 0.038). The average accuracy of the websites was high (11.7 out of maximum 12), and the average FK grade level (13.4) was several grades higher than the recommended level for readable patient education material (eighth grade level). Conclusions The quality and readability of online patient resources for articular cartilage defects favor those with a higher level of education. Additionally, the majority of these websites do not distinguish between focal chondral defects and diffuse osteoarthritis, which can fail to provide appropriate patient education and guidance for available treatment. Clinicians should help guide patients toward high-quality, accurate, and readable online patient education material.
Effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on nutrition metabolism in silkworm fat body
Authors: Tian J. H. , Hu J. S. , Li F. C. , Ni M. , Li Y. Y. , Wang B. B. , Xu K. Z. , Shen W. D. , Li B. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important economic insect with a fat body that plays a crucial role in the storage and transfer of nutrients. It is also known that TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) can improve feed efficiency and promote silk protein synthesis in the silkworm. In this study, we profiled gene expression in the silkworm fat body after TiO2 NP treatment, validated the major RNA-seq findings, and determined the contents of trehalose and triglyceride, the activity of lipase, and the amount of total proteins. RNA-seq analysis revealed that TiO2 NP treatment caused significant expression changes in 341 genes (P≤0.01), 138 of which were upregulated while the other 203 were downregulated. The expression levels of two target genes in the insulin signaling pathway and two protein metabolism-related target genes, three lipid metabolism-associated target genes, two carbohydrate metabolism related target genes and expression levels of seven heat shock protein genes were increased, and that of threonine dehydratase gene and fatty acid transport protein gene were decreased. The RNA-seq results of 16 genes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. The lipase activity, content of trehalose, and amount of total proteins were elevated by 3.86-fold, 1.34-fold, and 1.21-fold, respectively, and the content of triglyceride was decreased by 0.94-fold after TiO2 NP treatment. These results indicated that TiO2 NPs activated the insulin signaling pathway, promoted the metabolism of protein, fat, and carbohydrate, and improved nutrition metabolism. Our study provides new support for the understanding of the beneficial effect of TiO2 NPs on silkworm nutrient metabolism.
Downregulation of leptin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells via the Notch and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways
Authors: Zheng Xian-Jie , Yang Zhong-Xin , Dong Yan-Jun , Zhang Guo-Yu , Sun Ming-Fei , An Xiao-Kang , Pan Li-Hong , Zhang Shuang-Lin 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Previous studies have documented that leptin is involved in the pathogenesis of many human cancer types by regulation of numerous signal transduction pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological roles of leptin and the mechanisms attributed to its action in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. The expression of leptin was measured by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot in seven NSCLC cell lines. Proliferation and apoptosis of NSCLC cells in response to leptin knockdown were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The effect of leptin knockdown on the Notch and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways was further examined by western blot. Leptin expression was significantly increased in NSCLC cell lines compared with normal human bronchial epithelial cell HBE. Leptin knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in NSCLC cell lines through inactivation of the Notch and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways. Furthermore, gene silencing of Notch signaling with Notch-1 siRNA or inhibition of JAK/STAT3 signaling by JSI-124, an inhibitor of STAT3, resulted in proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in NSCLC A549 cells. Our findings suggested that leptin knockdown could become a new approach for the prevention of lung cancer progression, which is likely to be mediated at least partially by inactivation of the Notch and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways.
Role of carriers in the transmission of pneumonia in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis)
Authors: Raghavan Bindu , Erickson Kayla , Kugadas Abirami , Batra Sai A. , Call Douglas R. , Davis Margaret A. , Foreyt William J. , Srikumaran Subramaniam 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
In the absence of livestock contact, recurring lamb mortality in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) populations previously exposed to pneumonia indicates the likely presence of carriers of pneumonia-causing pathogens, and possibly inadequate maternally derived immunity. To investigate this problem we commingled naïve, pregnant ewes (n=3) with previously exposed rams (n=2). Post-commingling, all ewes and lambs born to them acquired pneumonia-causing pathogens (leukotoxin-producing Pasteurellaceae and Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae), with subsequent lamb mortality between 4-9 weeks of age. Infected ewes became carriers for two subsequent years and lambs born to them succumbed to pneumonia. In another experiment, we attempted to suppress the carriage of leukotoxin-producing Pasteurellaceae by administering an antibiotic to carrier ewes, and evaluated lamb survival. Lambs born to both treatment and control ewes (n=4 each) acquired pneumonia and died. Antibody titers against leukotoxin-producing Pasteurellaceae in all eight ewes were ‘protective’ (&gt;1:800 and no apparent respiratory disease); however their lambs were either born with comparatively low titers, or with high (but non-protective) titers that declined rapidly within 2-8 weeks of age, rendering them susceptible to fatal disease. Thus, exposure to pneumonia-causing pathogens from carrier ewes, and inadequate titers of maternally derived protective antibodies, are likely to render bighorn lambs susceptible to fatal pneumonia.
Burnout levels of the physical education teachers in terms of professional variables<p>Beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin mesleki değişkenlere göre tükenmişlik düzeyleri
Authors: Yılmaz Timur , Çolakoğlu F. Filiz , Çolakoglu Tekin 
Published: May 2016

The study was undertaken in order to assess burnout levels of the physical education teachers in terms of professional variables.The population of the study was consisted of 275 physical education teachers who were employed at secondary schools and high schools of Ministry of National Education in the city center of Ordu Province during the academic year of 2012-2013. The sample of the study was composed of 163 physical education teachers who were employed at secondary schools and high schools in the city center of Ordu Province and were recruited with random sampling. As the data collection tools; Personal Information Forms and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey Form (MBI-ES) were employed. For the data analyses; as a result of the normality tests, independent group t test was used for pairwise group comparisons whereas ANOVA and non-parametric Kruskal Wallis-H test were employed for the comparisons of the three and more groups. In light of the study results; it was determined that physical education teachers underwent “emotional burnout” for the variable of “sufficient income”. ÖzetBu çalışma, beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin mesleki değişkenlere göre tükenmişlik düzeylerini incelemek amacı ile yapılmıştır.Araştırmanın evrenini 2012–2013 eğitim-öğretim yılında Ordu ili (merkez) ve ilçelerinde Milli Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı orta ve lise okullarında görev yapan 275 beden eğitimi öğretmenleri oluşturmaktadır. Örneklemini ise, Ordu ili (merkez) ve ilçelerinde görev yapan rastgele yöntemle seçilen toplam 163 beden eğitimi öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır.Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri-Eğitimci Formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, yapılan normallik sınamasına göre ikili küme karşılaştırmaları için bağımsız grup t testi, üç veya daha fazla küme karşılaştırmaları için ANOVA non parametrik Kruskal Wallis-H testi; sonucu anlamlı bulunan farklılıkların kaynağını belirlemek üzere, varyansların homojen olmasından dolayı post hoc testlerinden Scheffe ve LSD çoklu karşılaştırma testleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadaki istatistiki analizler için anlamlılık düzeyi 0.05 ve 0.01 olarak ele alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre meslek gelirlerinin yeterliliği değişkeninde “duygusal tükenme” yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir.
Logischer Positivismus und radikale Gesellschaftsreform
Authors: Beckermann Ansgar 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
For many years some critically engaged German sociologists have challenged Logical Positivism with the criticism that Positivism’s allegedly neutral conception of science in fact supports conservative or even reactionary political movements. This line of criticism is due, at last in part, to the fact that German scientists became acquainted with the positivistic branch of analytical philosophy after World War II almost exclusively through the works of the liberal-conservative K. R. Popper. Popper, however, is by no means representative of all Positivists. There were influential members of the Vienna Circle who saw a direct connection between the aims of the „scientific world view“ and the endeavour to renew the society on the basis of rational, i.e. socialistic, principles. This connection becomes especially clear in the manifesto Wissenschaftliche Weltauffassung − Der Wiener Kreis which was published in 1929 by Carnap, Hahn and Neurath.
Historical Momentums and Historical Epochs
Authors: Nowak Leszek 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The paper begins with a proposal for a reconstruction of three major statements of the traditional Marxian version of historical materialism. The general concept of an adaptive mechanism is introduced to explain how, in the Marxian sense, several parts of the superstructure are to be thought of as determined by the economic base. The paper proceeds by asking whether the classical type of economic determination is valid not only for precapitalist and capitalist societies, but for socialist societies as well. An answer in the negative is given. The author tries to outline a type of historical materialism which takes into account the autonomous role of political institutions and social relations as determinants in socialist societies.
Modellkonstruktion und empirische Uberpriifbarkeit in Marx’ ‚Kapital‘
Authors: Steinvorth Ulrich 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
One of the first objections raised against Marx’ Kapital was that it was an idealistic construction a priori of capitalist economy. Since Marx agreed that his book could seem to be so, we may assume that the analyses of Kapital are not only empirical. I try to show that (1) the analyses of the first chapters of Kapital give a conceptual construction of a model of commodity exchange made up both of generally recognized and of new definitions of commodity exchange, (2) that the model cannot be used for predicting the end of capitalist economy but that (3) it can be applied to reality because (a) the generally recognized definitions correspond to the ordinary usage of the words, (b) the new definitions are in accordance with true empirical statements about capitalist exchange, (c) the model has allowed true predictions about capitalist economy to be deduced, and (4) that therefore it can be used as a reason for putting an end to capitalist economy.
Intentionality and Physicalism: a Resolvable Dispute
Authors: Marras Ausonio 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This paper discusses the traditional antagonism between the Intentionalist and the Physicalist paradigms of the nature of mind and human behaviour. After tracing the development of the concept of intentionality in contemporary analytic philosophy and delineating some of the problems it presented for the so-called Thesis of Physicalism in several of its formulations, the paper proceeds to show how a liberalized methodology of theory construction and an understanding of functional systems and artificial intelligence models may enable us to reconstruct the intentional states of persons in a way compatible with the demands of physicalism. In particular, it is suggested that the intentional states which, on the intentionalist paradigm, mediate human behaviour might be understood as (theoretically postulated) functional states of a physical organism modelled on the functional states of a (probabilistic) automaton.
Rawls and the Left: Some Left Critiques of Rawls’ Principles of Justice
Authors: Nielsen Kai 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This is an examination of some Left critiques of Rawls. Stress is put, not on his underlying moral methodology, including his contractarianism, though surely there is need for such a critique as well, but on an examination of his principles of justice, particularly his equal liberty principle and his difference principle. This is often thought to be the heart of his theory. It is argued that Rawls’ asociological and ahistorical approach and his ignoring of questions of power and of ideology and his lack of an adequate conceptualization of liberty lead to major distortions in his account. Both principles are shown to be problematic and the equal liberty principle is shown to be in conflict with the difference principle.
Ist der Kritische Rationalismus am Ende?
Authors: Spinner Helmut F. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Motivated by Drerup’s and Terhart’s stimulating contribution (Analyse & Kritik 1/80) to the notorious “Critical Rationalism and Contemporary Politics” -affair with its fatal repercussions on Popper’s original position. Part One of this paper discusses the development of Popperian philosophy of science and society from the hopeful beginnings to the rather unsatisfactory present state, with the main emphasis on the separate fate of his Social Philosophy in German speaking countries. A reconstruction and evaluation of this development is made in comparison to Popper’s basic idea of an open-minded Social Philosophy and critical Social Science. The German mainstream development adds to Popper’s own radically liberal interpretation a positivistic, a normativistic and a conformistic phase, thus leading this degenerating research programme to the present philosophical stagnation and badly compensating political reideologization. The intellectual as well as the institutional causes and consequences of the deviant German case are analysed. − This exposition of the present state of reception is to be completed, in Part Two, by an analysis of the resulting state of problems with regard to the remaining chances for the realization of the original Popperian programme just-mentioned in contemporary rebuilding.
The Pareto Principle
Authors: Backhaus Jürgen 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The purpose of the paper is a discussion of the meaning and relevance of the Pareto principle in economics. To begin with, the principle is briefly retraced in Pareto’s own writings. Its contemporary meaning was, however, developed in the context of the “New Welfare Economics”. While Pareto technically employed the principle in order to describe an equilibrium situation, Kaldor and Hicks developed it somewhat differently as a yardstick for economic policy formulation. Sometimes, the principle is also discussed as a decision rule, and in this context some critics - though not the present author - believe it to have a conservative bias. Finally, recent discussions center around the incompatibility of the Pareto principle and “liberal” values. This conflict might be of limited relevance, only, due to a misconstrued formalism.
Inhaltsanalyse als Instrument der Sozialforschung
Authors: Merten Klaus 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
It is assumed that content analysis is as important an instrument for the investigation of social reality as other instruments· for this purpose (observation, interview). First a number of assumptions of Berelson’s classic definition of content analysis is examined from this perspective and their problematical nature shown by referring to findings of the theory of communication and semiotics. The result of this analysis demands the understanding of content analysis as a method of investigation of social reality rather than as a model; the aim not being the description of a social object (of a text) but the inference from internal characteristics of a text. to external characteristics of social reality. At the same time it is revealed that content analysis just as the customary instruments for the investigation of social reality is to be understood as a reciprocally interfering selective social process the achievement of which, namely the investigation of social reality, is only possible in actual fact at the cost of the reactivity of the instrument.
Bedeutung gleich Struktur?
Authors: Lüger Heinz-Helmut 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
With his “Structural Text Analysis” M. Titzmann tries to give the basic notions of a semiotic theory of interpretation. In spite of this extensive and systematic representation, some problems arise: the additive conception of pragmatics, the static-referential notion of sign, the rigid definition of meaning, the rejection of any alternative interpretation. The possibility of application of the proposed method would depend to a large extent on these points.