bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Halogenation Strategy for over 12% Efficiency Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yanbo , Zhang Yamin , Qiu Nailiang , Feng Huanran , Gao Huanhuan , Kan Bin , Ma Yanfeng , Li Chenxi , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThree acceptor–donor–acceptor type nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), namely, F–F, F–Cl, and F–Br, are designed and synthesized through a halogenation strategy on one successful nonfullerene acceptor FDICTF (F–H). The three molecules show red‐shifted absorptions, increased crystallinities, and higher charge mobilities compared with the F–H. After blending with donor polymer PBDB‐T, the F–F‐, F–Cl‐, and F–Br‐based devices exhibit power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 10.85%, 11.47%, and 12.05%, respectively, which are higher than that of F–H with PCE of 9.59%. These results indicate that manipulating the absorption range, crystallinity and mobilities of NFAs by introducing different halogen atoms is an effective way to achieve high photovoltaic performance, which will offer valuable insight for the designing of high‐efficiency organic solar cells.
A Strategy for Synthesis of Carbon Nitride Induced Chemically Doped 2D MXene for High‐Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Yoon Yeoheung , Lee Minhe , Kim Seong Ku , Bae Garam , Song Wooseok , Myung Sung , Lim Jongsun , Lee Sun Sook , Zyung Taehyoung , An Ki‐Seok 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA step‐by‐step strategy is reported for improving capacitance of supercapacitor electrodes by synthesizing nitrogen‐doped 2D Ti2CTx induced by polymeric carbon nitride (p‐C3N4), which simultaneously acts as a nitrogen source and intercalant. The NH2CN (cyanamide) can form p‐C3N4 on the surface of Ti2CTx nanosheets by a condensation reaction at 500–700 °C. The p‐C3N4 and Ti2CTx complexes are then heat‐treated to obtain nitrogen‐doped Ti2CTx nanosheets. The triazine‐based p‐C3N4 decomposes above 700 °C; thus, the nitrogen species can be surely doped into the internal carbon layer and/or defect site of Ti2CTx nanosheets at 900 °C. The extended interlayer distance and c‐lattice parameters (c‐LPs of 28.66 Å) of Ti2CTx prove that the p‐C3N4 grown between layers delaminate the nanosheets of Ti2CTx during the doping process. Moreover, 15.48% nitrogen doping in Ti2CTx improves the electrochemical performance and energy storage ability. Due to the synergetic effect of delaminated structures and heteroatom compositions, N‐doped Ti2CTx shows excellent characteristics as an electrochemical capacitor electrode, such as perfectly rectangular cyclic voltammetry results (CVs, R2 = 0.9999), high capacitance (327 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, increased by ≈140% over pristine‐Ti2CTx), and stable long cyclic performance (96.2% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles) at high current density (5 A g−1).
Sharing the burden: A neutral approach to socioecological theory
Authors: Génin Fabien , Masters Judith C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe socioecological model (SEM) is a popular collection of controversial models purporting to explain mating systems in terms of ecological and social parameters. Despite its guise of objectivity, several of its hypotheses assume Victorian gender stereotypes of active, competing males heedlessly sowing their seeds, and cautious, passive females, imprisoned by greater costs of reproduction and their consequent resourceߚdependence.MethodsWe enter this debate by taking a previously neglected explanatory approach borrowed from species theory. According to the Recognition Concept of sexual species, the unit of reproductive success/fitness is irreducible to fewer than two integrated subparts (minimally a male and a female). Phyletic changes in mating systems logically effect changes in fertilization systems, leading to reproductive isolation. We take our primary assumption of the average equivalence of female and male contributions to successful reproduction from the writings of the natural philosopher, Antoinette Blackwell.ResultsWe revisit the SEM with its contradictions and extrapolations, and develop a genderߚneutral alternative hypothesis termed SpecificߚMate Contact (SMC), centered on two fundamental mating strategies: sexual animals may behave as synchronous mateߚattractors or asynchronous mateߚseekers, generating four possible mating system combinations (monogamy: two attractors; promiscuity: two seekers; polygyny: male attractor and female seeker; polyandry: female attractor and male seeker).ConclusionsOur approach predicts all known primate mating systems using a neutral (nonߚsexist) principle. The approach is also neutral in the sense that it does not invoke either competition or cooperation: fertilization success is considereda posterioriand males and females are coߚadapted to this end rather than cognitively cooperative.
Conformation‐Enabled Total Syntheses of Ohmyungsamycins A and B and Structural Revision of Ohmyungsamycin B
Authors: Hur Joonseong , Jang Jaebong , Sim Jaehoon , Son Woo Sung , Ahn Hee‐Chul , Kim Tae Sung , Shin Yern‐Hyerk , Lim Changjin , Lee Seungbeom , An Hongchan , Kim Seok‐Ho , Oh Dong‐Chan , Jo Eun‐Kyeong , Jang Jichan , Lee Jeeyeon , Suh Young‐Ger 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe first total syntheses of the bioactive cyclodepsipeptides ohmyungsamycin A and B are described. Key features of our synthesis include the concise preparation of a linear cyclization precursor that consists of N‐methyl amides and non‐proteinogenic amino acids, and its macrolactamization from a bent conformation. The proposed structure of ohmyungsamycin B was revised based on its synthesis. The cyclic core of the ohmyungsamycins was shown to be responsible for the excellent antituberculosis activity, and ohmyungsamycin variants with truncated chains were evaluated for their biological activity.
Selective Reductive Elimination at Alkyl Palladium(IV) by Dissociative Ligand Ionization: Catalytic C(sp3)−H Amination to Azetidines
Authors: Nappi Manuel , He Chuan , Whitehurst William G. , Chappell Ben G. N. , Gaunt Matthew J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA palladium(II)‐catalyzed γ‐C−H amination of cyclic alkyl amines to deliver highly substituted azetidines is reported. The use of a benziodoxole tosylate oxidant in combination with AgOAc was found to be crucial for controlling a selective reductive elimination pathway to the azetidines. The process is tolerant of a range of functional groups, including structural features derived from chiral α‐amino alcohols, and leads to the diastereoselective formation of enantiopure azetidines.
High‐Purity Inorganic Perovskite Films for Solar Cells with 9.72 % Efficiency
Authors: Duan Jialong , Zhao Yuanyuan , He Benlin , Tang Qunwei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAll‐inorganic perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and improved stability are promising for commercialization. A multistep solution‐processing method was developed to fabricate high‐purity inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite films for use in efficient solar cells. By tuning the number of deposition cycles (n) of a CsBr solution, the phase conversion from CsPb2Br5 (n ≤3), to CsPbBr3 (n=4), and Cs4PbBr6 (n≥5) was optimized to achieve vertical‐ and monolayer‐aligned grains. Upon interfacial modification with graphene quantum dots, the all‐inorganic perovskite solar cell (without a hole‐transporting layer) achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 9.72 % under standard solar illumination conditions. Under challenging conditions, such as 90 % relative humidity (RH) at 25 °C or 80 °C at zero humidity, the optimized device retained 87 % PCE over 130 days or 95 % over 40 days, compared to the initial efficiency.
Zirconium–Porphyrin‐Based Metal–Organic Framework Hollow Nanotubes for Immobilization of Noble‐Metal Single Atoms
Authors: He Ting , Chen Shuangming , Ni Bing , Gong Yue , Wu Zhao , Song Li , Gu Lin , Hu Wenping , Wang Xun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSingle atoms immobilized on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with unique nanostructures have drawn tremendous attention in the application of catalysis but remain a great challenge. Various single noble‐metal atoms have now been successfully anchored on the well‐defined anchoring sites of the zirconium porphyrin MOF hollow nanotubes, which are probed by aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron‐radiation‐based X‐ray absorption fine‐structure spectroscopy. Owing to the hollow structure and excellent photoelectrochemical performance, the HNTM‐Ir/Pt exhibits outstanding catalytic activity in the visible‐light photocatalytic H2 evolution via water splitting. The single atom immobilized on MOFs with hollow structures are expected to pave the way to expand the potential applications of MOFs.
Photopolymerizable multifunctional monomers and their evaluation as reactive Bis‐GMA eluents
Authors: González‐López J. Abraham , Cuevas‐Suárez Carlos E. , Pérez‐Mondragón Alma Antonia , Berlanga Duarte M. Lydia , Herrera‐González Ana M. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTBis‐GMA {2,2‐bis[4‐(2′‐hydroxy‐3′‐methacryloyloxy‐propoxy)‐phenyl]‐propane}, TEGDMA <2‐{2‐[2‐(2‐methylprop‐2‐enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}ethyl‐2‐methylprop‐2‐enoate>, and methyl methacrylate (MMA) are some of the most commonly used monomers in the field of restorative dentistry. These compounds are characterized by having one or two terminal double bonds. Besides the effort to synthesize new monomers, several problems still affect the clinical behavior of contemporary dental materials. In this work, two monomers with three terminal double bonds, 5A13DA and 5A13DMA, were synthesized. Both monomers were used to completely replace TEGDMA as reactive diluent of photopolymerizable dental resin composites containing Bis‐GMA. The effects of 5A13DA and 5A13DMA on flexural properties, double bond conversion, water sorption, solubility, and polymerization shrinkage were evaluated. In addition, both monomers were evaluated as crosslinking agents for methylmethacrylate, resulting in copolymers with enhanced thermal stability. The results obtained suggest that newly synthesized monomers are potential substitutes for TEGDMA in the formulation of dental composites, providing 50% lower volumetric shrinkage than the composite resin used as control and adequate mechanical properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46240.
North Korea's Human Rights Insecurity: State Image Management in the Post‐UN COI Era
Authors: Son Sarah A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe 2014 report of the United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in North Korea marked a watershed moment in international awareness and action on North Korea's human rights problem. It sparked widespread international condemnation, and prompted anxiety and insecurity on the part of North Korea, evident in the North's immediate response. This included a verbal counter‐offensive, some surprising willingness to engage with UN mechanisms, and a range of diplomatic engagement. I argue that contrary to the popular perception of North Korea as impervious to external criticism, when viewed through the conceptual lens of ontological security, the North's response to the UN COI revealed a desire to defend and secure its image in the eyes of the international community. While acknowledging continuing obstacles to a genuine normative transition in its approach to human rights, the article supports a deeper understanding of North Korea's self‐identity to guide measures to bring about change.
Geophysical correlation: global versus local perspectives
Authors: Kvamme Kenneth L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRobust anomalies that point to the same buried features frequently occur in diverse data sets from multi‐method surveys [e.g. ground penetrating radar (GPR), magnetic gradiometry, electrical resistivity]. Relationships between such corresponding anomalies traditionally have been noted subjectively, through visual comparisons of mappings or overlays of geophysical results. These circumstances create a paradox because theory and correlational studies generally suggest largely independent dimensions, while mappings of geophysical results often illustrate parallel anomalies which suggest that robust correlations should exist. Through application of local Pearson's r in small neighbourhoods, with radii ranging from 0.71 to 1.6 m, a means is offered, and demonstrated, to quantify and map local correlations between two geophysical data sets. A case study examines relationships between apparent electrical resistivity, a GPR depth‐slice, and magnetic susceptibility data acquired at Army City, a Great War troop support town in Kansas, now obliterated except for subsurface remains. Intricate spatial patterns of positive and negative correlations between these modalities are illustrated that vary in complexity with neighbourhood size. Neighbourhoods of moderate size seem preferable because the spatial patterning of correlations is enhanced locally and region‐wide. With focus given to positive correlations that point to parallel anomalies, overlays of high correlation frequently correspond with robust anomalies observed in each data set and offer objective criteria for assessments of correlation. However, it is also demonstrated that mutually robust anomalies do not necessarily exhibit high correlation and that high correlations frequently exist in regions devoid of apparent anomalies. The issue of assessing jointly parallel correlations between three or more geophysical data sets is also confronted using a form of local principal components analysis. It is shown that high eigenvalues associated with first principal components that exhibit loadings in the same direction point to zones of mutually high parallel correlation.
Efficacy of Epratuzumab, an Anti‐CD22 Monoclonal IgG Antibody, in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients With Associated Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Gottenberg Jacques‐Eric , Dörner Thomas , Bootsma Hendrika , Devauchelle‐Pensec Valérie , Bowman Simon J. , Mariette Xavier , Bartz Holger , Oortgiesen Marga , Shock Anthony , Koetse Willem , Galateanu Catrinel , Bongardt Sabine , Wegener William A. , Goldenberg David M. , Meno‐Tetang Guy , Kosutic Gordana , Gordon Caroline 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveEMBODY 1 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01262365) and EMBODY 2 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01261793) investigated the efficacy and safety of epratuzumab, a CD22‐targeted humanized monoclonal IgG antibody, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The studies showed no significant difference from placebo in primary or secondary clinical outcome measures but did demonstrate B cell–specific immunologic activity. The aim of this post hoc analysis was to determine whether epratuzumab had a different clinical efficacy profile in SLE patients with versus those without an associated diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS).MethodsThe efficacy and safety of epratuzumab were compared between 2 patient subpopulations randomized in EMBODY 1 and 2: SLE patients with and those without a diagnosis of associated SS. British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) total score, BILAG‐based Combined Lupus Assessment (BICLA) clinical response to treatment, biologic markers (including B cells, IgG, IgM, and IgA), and safety were assessed.ResultsA total of 1,584 patients were randomized in the EMBODY 1 and EMBODY 2 trials; 113 patients were anti‐SSA positive and had a diagnosis of associated SS, and 1,375 patients (86.8%) had no diagnosis of associated SS (918 patients were randomized to receive epratuzumab and 457 to receive placebo). For patients with associated SS, but not those without associated SS, a higher proportion of patients receiving epratuzumab achieved a BICLA response and a reduction from baseline in BILAG total score. B cell reduction was faster in patients with associated SS. The sensitivity of B cells to epratuzumab as measured by the mean concentration producing 50% of the maximum B cell count depletion was lower for patients with associated SS (9.5 μg/ml) versus the total EMBODY population (87.1 μg/ml). No difference in the frequency of adverse events in those receiving placebo was reported.ConclusionPatients with SLE and associated SS treated with epratuzumab showed improvement in SLE disease activity, which was associated with bioactivity, such as decreases in B cell number and IgM level.
Molecular biology at the cutting edge: A review on CRISPR/CAS9 gene editing for undergraduates
Authors: Thurtle‐Schmidt Deborah M. , Lo Te‐Wen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDisrupting a gene to determine its effect on an organism's phenotype is an indispensable tool in molecular biology. Such techniques are critical for understanding how a gene product contributes to the development and cellular identity of organisms. The explosion of genomic sequencing technologies combined with recent advances in genome‐editing techniques has elevated the possibilities of genetic manipulations in numerous organisms in which these experiments were previously not readily accessible or possible. Introducing the next generation of molecular biologists to these emerging techniques is key in the modern biology classroom. This comprehensive review introduces undergraduates to CRISPR/Cas9 editing and its uses in genetic studies. The goals of this review are to explain how CRISPR functions as a prokaryotic immune system, describe how researchers generate mutations with CRISPR/Cas9, highlight how Cas9 has been adapted for new functions, and discuss ethical considerations of genome editing. Additionally, anticipatory guides and questions for discussion are posed throughout the review to encourage active exploration of these topics in the classroom. Finally, the supplement includes a study guide and practical suggestions to incorporate CRISPR/Cas9 experiments into lab courses at the undergraduate level. © 2018 The Authors Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(2):195–205, 2018.
THRIVE‐c score predicts clinical outcomes in Chinese patients after thrombolysis
Authors: Pan Yuesong , Peng Yujing , Chen Weiqi , Wang Yongjun , Lin Yi , He Yan , Wang Ning , Wang Yilong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesTotal Health Risks in Vascular Events‐calculation score (THRIVE‐c) is an easy use and patient‐specific outcome predictive score by computing the logistic equation with patients’ continuous variables. We validated its performance in Chinese ischemic stroke patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) therapy.Materials and MethodsWe used data from the Thrombolysis Implementation and Monitor of Acute Ischemic Stroke in China (TIMS‐China) registry to validate the THRIVE‐c score in patients receiving IVT therapy. We evaluated the score performance using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) was used to compare THRIVE‐c score performance with other scores in predicting clinical outcome and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH). Calibration was assessed by Pearson correlation coefficient and Hosmer–Lemeshow test.ResultsAmong the 1,128 patients receiving IVT therapy included in this study, AUC of the THRIVE‐c score for 3‐month SICH, poor functional outcome, and mortality rate was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.63–0.76), 0.75 (95% CI: 0.73–0.78) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.77–0.85), respectively. The increased THRIVE‐c score was associated with higher risk of developing SICH, poor functional outcome, or mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke at 3 months after thrombolysis. The performance of the THRIVE‐c score was similar to or superior to other predictive scores (THRIVE score, SEDAN score, DRAGON score, HIAT2 score).ConclusionsThe THRIVE‐c score reliably predicts the risks of 3‐month SICH, poor functional outcome, and mortality after IVT therapy in Chinese patients with ischemic stroke.
Indicators for establishing and assessing waste management systems in developing countries: A holistic approach to sustainability and business opportunities
Authors: Ikhlayel Mahdi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWaste management is a pressing issue for sustainable development, particularly in developing countries. Its urgent nature is an outcome of the increasing waste produced and the poor waste management in several developing countries. Waste is associated with negative environmental impacts, dangers to public health, social acceptability, and economic aspects. Several factors exacerbate the waste problem: inadequate waste disposal methods, mixing portions of waste electrical and electronic equipment components with municipal waste, and informal recycling. Other factors are a lack of awareness of the toxic nature of hazardous waste and limited legislation to regulate and control the disposal of hazardous waste. Focusing on municipal waste and waste electrical and electronic equipment, this article classifies the levels of waste management and proposes 26 indicators for assessing and enhancing waste management systems. The purpose of this research is to make a contribution to accelerating the transition to sustainable development in developing countries and to highlight business opportunities.
Between enthusiasm and refusal: A cluster analysis on consumer types and attitudes towards peer‐to‐peer sharing
Authors: Neunhoeffer Frieder , Teubner Timm 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe rise of peer‐to‐peer platforms for sharing private resources has introduced new possibilities for access beyond ownership. Although experiencing fast growth, the academic literature has only recently begun to study individual user attitudes towards such new forms of consumption. Building on findings on the underlying consumer motives for peer‐to‐peer sharing, this study differentiates prototypical consumers by means of cluster analysis. Based on data from a large‐scale online survey (n = 745) on consumer motives, we identify 5 main dimensions (concerns, benefits, product‐specific aspects, social aspects, and ownership‐related aspects). On these grounds, we identify 4 consumer types with distinct demographic and attitudinal characteristics: Social Enthusiasts, Conflicted Materialists, Skeptic Ascetics, and Individualistic Refuseniks. Based on these clusters' differences with regard to demographics and sharing behaviors, we derive implications for practitioners to tailor their business models and marketing strategies to the specific motivational patterns of the respective user groups.
Silica‐Supported Silver as a Green and Sustainable Catalyst for the [3+2]‐Cycloaddition Reaction of Azomethine Ylides with 2′‐Hydroxychalcone Derivatives
Authors: Madhavan Suchithra , Okamoto Sentaro 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA reusable heterogeneous silver nanoparticle catalyst supported on silica was used for the [3+2]‐cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides with 2′‐hydroxychalcone derivatives. The green and sustainable catalytic protocol afforded highly functionalized pyrrolidines, indolizidines, and pyrrolizidines in good yields with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivities.
Size Does Matter—Mediation of Electron Transfer by Gold Clusters in Bioelectrocatalysis
Authors: Kizling Michal , Dzwonek Maciej , Więckowska Agnieszka , Bilewicz Renata 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMetal nanostructures are often used in bioelectrocatalytic systems to increase the electrode surface area or to improve the conductivity of biofilms. We demonstrate, that decreasing the size of gold nanoparticles below 2 nm may result in a change of the mechanism of electron transfer (ET) between the enzyme active site and the electrode from direct to mediated ET. Clusters with diameters smaller than 2 nm exhibited molecule‐like behavior reflected in the appearance of oxidation and reduction peaks separated by a clearly developed HOMO—LUMO gap. The redox activity of the nanoparticles was found to contribute to the ET mechanism of fructose dehydrogenase switching it to gold cluster mediated electron transfer instead of direct ET. In the presence of gold clusters at the electrode, the overpotential of the catalyzed fructose oxidation reaction was 100 mV lower and the catalytic reaction rate constant was 2.5 times larger confirming the unique mediating role of the Au clusters.