bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental students' reflections about long‐term care experiences through an existing model of oral health
Authors: Brondani Mario , Pattanaporn Komkham 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore students' reflective thinking about long‐term care experiences from the perspective of a model of oral health.Materials and methodsA total of 186 reflections from 193 second‐year undergraduate dental students enrolled between 2011/12 and 2014/15 at the University of British Columbia were explored qualitatively. Reflections had a word limit of 300, and students were asked to relate an existing model of oral health to their long‐term care experiences. We have identified the main ideas via a thematic analysis related to the geriatric dentistry experience in long‐term care.ResultsThe thematic analysis revealed that students attempted to demystify their pre‐conceived ideas about older people and long‐term care facilities, to think outside the box, for example away from a typical dental office, and to consider caring for elderly people from an interprofessional lens. According to some students, not all domains from the existing model of oral health were directly relevant to their geriatric experience while other domains, including interprofessionalism and cognition, were missing. While some participants had a positive attitude towards caring for this cohort of the population, others did not take this educational activity as a constructive experience.ConclusionsThe nature of most students' reflective thinking within a long‐term care experience showed to be related to an existing model of oral health. This model can help to give meaning to the dental geriatric experience of an undergraduate curriculum. Such experience has been instrumental in overcoming potential misconceptions about long‐term care and geriatric dentistry.
Effects of a multifactorial intervention comprising resistance exercise, nutritional and psychosocial programs on frailty and functional health in community‐dwelling older adults: A randomized, controlled, cross‐over trial
Authors: Seino Satoshi , Nishi Mariko , Murayama Hiroshi , Narita Miki , Yokoyama Yuri , Nofuji Yu , Taniguchi Yu , Amano Hidenori , Kitamura Akihiko , Shinkai Shoji 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo examine the effects of a multifactorial intervention on frailty and functional health among community‐dwelling older adults, a 6‐month randomized, controlled, cross‐over trial was carried out within the Hatoyama Cohort Study.MethodsA total of 77 pre‐frail or frail older adults (mean age 74.6 years) were randomly allocated to an immediate intervention group (IIG; n = 38) or delayed intervention group (DIG; n = 39). The IIG participated in a twice‐weekly multifactorial intervention comprising resistance exercise, nutritional education and psychosocial programs. No intervention was given to the DIG during the initial 3‐month period, and both groups were crossed over for the latter 3‐month period. Pre‐frailty and frailty were determined by using the Check‐List 15, which was validated against Fried's frailty criteria. Effects of the intervention on primary (Check‐List 15 score and frailty status) and secondary outcomes (physical and psychosocial functions, and nutritional intake) were examined for both 3‐month periods.ResultsAs compared with the DIG, the IIG had significant reductions in Check‐List 15 score (−0.36 points; 95% CI −0.74 to −0.03), frailty prevalence (−23.5%, 95% CI −40.4 to −6.7), Timed Up and Go test (−0.25 s, 95% CI −0.47 to −0.08), and Geriatric Depression Score (−0.92 points, 95% CI −1.44 to −0.39), and improvements in the Dietary Variety Score (0.65 points, 95% CI 0.05–1.25), and protein (1.9% E, 95% CI 1.1–2.7) and micronutrient intakes at 3 months, all of which, excluding protein and micronutrient intakes, persisted at 6 months. The DIG showed similar intervention effects in the latter 3‐month period.ConclusionsThis 3‐month multifactorial intervention reduced frailty and improved functional health. These intervention effects persisted for at least 3 months post‐intervention. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2034–2045.
PBRM1 loss is a late event during the development of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Luchini Claudio , Robertson Scott A , Hong Seung‐Mo , Felsenstein Matthäus , Anders Robert A , Pea Antonio , Nottegar Alessia , Veronese Nicola , He Jin , Weiss Matthew J , Capelli Paola , Scarpa Aldo , Argani Pedram , Kapur Payal , Wood Laura D 
Published: April 2017

AimsSomatic mutations in genes encoding chromatin remodellers have been reported recently in several cancer types, including approximately half of cholangiocarcinomas. One of the most commonly mutated chromatin remodellers in cholangiocarcinoma is the Polybromo‐1 (PBRM1) gene located on chromosome 3p21, which encodes a subunit of the SWI/SNF complex. The aim of this study was to determine the timing of PBRM1 mutations in biliary carcinogenesis.Methods and resultsIn order to accomplish this goal, we used immunohistochemistry to assess PBRM1 protein expression in a series of precursor lesions and invasive biliary carcinomas. Previous studies have correlated loss of protein expression on immunohistochemistry with inactivating mutations in this tumour suppressor gene. We found that PBRM1 loss occurred in approximately 26% of invasive cancers, but PBRM1 expression was retained in all biliary intra‐epithelial neoplasia (BilIN) specimens, including 25 intrahepatic BilINs and 19 gallbladder BilINs.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that PBRM1 mutation (and resultant loss of expression) is a late event during biliary carcinogenesis. In addition, we confirm a lack of prognostic significance of PBRM1 status in invasive intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. This study provides important insights into the basic mechanisms of chromatin remodelling genes in carcinogenesis.
Extraction and microencapsulation of bioactive compounds from pomegranate (Punica granatumvar. Wonderful) residues
Authors: Bustamante Andrés , Hinojosa Andrea , Robert Paz , Escalona Víctor 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPomegranate peels and seeds are industrial residues considered interesting sources of punicalagin (PU) and punicic acid (PA), respectively. To optimise their extraction process and protect them against environmental factors, pomegranate residues were extracted with supercritical CO2(SC‐CO2) using a Box–Behnken design and then optimal extracts encapsulated by spray‐drying applying a 22central composite design. Peel extracts showed a PU content of 0.4–9.5% with optimal extraction conditions of 400 bar, 43 °C and 20% ethanol. On the other hand, SC‐CO2seed extracts showed a PA content of 65.1–78.4% with 450 bar, 48 °C and 10% ethanol as optimal extraction parameters. Otherwise, the encapsulation efficiency of SC‐CO2extracts was significantly affected by core/wall material ratio and its quadratic effect. This parameter ranged from 35.1% to 72.4% for peel extracts and from 68.2% to 92.7% for seed extracts. Results showed that the proposed technologies are a feasible approach to the integral utilisation of residues from the pomegranate industry.
Effects of a mixed koji culture of Aspergillus oryzae HG‐26 and Aspergillus niger HG‐35 on the levels of enzymes, antioxidants and phenolic compounds in soy sauce during the fermentation process
Authors: Peng Mingye , Liu Jingyi , Huang Yao , Zhou Mengzhou , Hu Yong , Fu Caixia , Dai Jun , Wang Chao , Li Dongsheng , Gao Bing , Xu Ning 
Published: April 2017

SummarySoy sauce contains a number of bioactive components, which have been shown to possess strong antioxidative properties. The objective of this study was to compare the enzyme activities, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds content of soy sauces prepared from a mixed koji (SSAON, inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae HG‐26 and Aspergillus niger HG‐35), with those of soy sauces made from a koji culture containing only Aspergillus oryzae HG‐26 koji (SSAO). The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), content of three isoflavone aglycones (daizein, glycitein and genistein) and the antioxidant activity of the SSAON were found to be higher than those of the SSAO during moromi fermentation. In addition, they showed strong positive correlations with the antioxidant potential of the soy sauce. This study has demonstrated the potential of a mixed‐culture koji, based upon A. orzyae and A. niger, for the production of soy sauce with an increased level of bioactive components.
Effets potentiels du dualisme du marché du travail au sein d'une union monétaire
Authors: KOSIOR Anna , RUBASZEK Michał , WIERUS Kamil 
Published: April 2017

RésuméLes auteurs examinent l'influence de l'emploi temporaire sur le chômage au sein de l'Union économique et monétaire (UEM). Ils effectuent pour cela une analyse par régression dynamique en panel qui porte sur onze pays (1995–2013) et repose sur des indicateurs des institutions du marché du travail. Celle‐ci fait apparaître un effet robuste et significatif du travail temporaire sur la dynamique du chômage, qui réagit de façon plus intense mais moins persistante aux chocs sur la production en cas de dualisme prononcé. Les auteurs proposent d'évoluer vers un système de contrat unique pour renforcer la stabilité à l'échelon des pays et de la zone euro.
Job satisfaction among Swedish mental health nursing personnel: Revisiting the two‐factor theory
Authors: Holmberg Christopher , Caro Jino , Sobis Iwona 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSwedish mental health‐care services are experiencing a critical shortage of nursing personnel. Researchers suggest that this shortage is due to low levels of job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is frequently studied with the assistance of Herzberg's two‐factor theory, and this theory has foremost been explored with studies using quantitative methods. The purpose of the present study was to provide a better understanding of Herzberg's theory in relation to job satisfaction among Swedish mental health nursing personnel within inpatient psychiatric care while using qualitative methodology. This explorative study was based on semistructured interviews with 25 nursing personnel. Qualitative content analysis of interview transcripts identified three main categories: (i) respondents' perception of their work duties, which was perceived as important, meaningful, and demanding; (ii) respondents' relations with colleagues and supervisors, which provided valuable support in everyday work; and (iii) the way the respondents experienced their professional role as mental health nurses, which was described as unclear and vague. Job satisfaction primarily stemmed from working for patients and with other professionals, but their perceived limited progression of responsibilities discouraged a career in the profession. Herzberg's theory proved useful in exploring job satisfaction in this setting, but the findings partly contradict the basic tenets of the theory. Career advancements and incentives, such as salary and compensation, were perceived as lacking, which negatively influenced job satisfaction. Ward managers should establish clinical ladder programmes to recognize and motivate the continuing professional development of nurses. This needs to be coupled with monetary incentives, and linked with increased clinical authority.
Modeling of complex interfaces: Gadolinium‐doped ceria in contact with yttria‐stabilized zirconia
Authors: Aparicio‐Anglès Xavier , de Leeuw Nora H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGadolinium‐doped ceria (GDC) and yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) are well‐known electrolyte materials in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Although they can be used independently, it is common to find them in combination in SOFCs, where they are used as protective layers against the formation of secondary phases or electron conduction blockers. Despite their different optimum operating temperatures, it appears that oxygen conduction is not affected by their interface. However, the intrinsic mechanisms of oxygen diffusion at these interfaces still remain unclear. One of the main difficulties when modeling the contact between different materials, or indeed different particles of the same material, is caused by the structural complexity of these systems. If we wish to evaluate the properties of the materials, we first need to obtain a model that includes the main features of the GDC/YSZ interface, such as large‐scale defects or cation interdiffusion in the contiguous phase. Since the generation of such a mixed system is complicated, we show here how the “amorphization and recrystallization” strategy can help us to obtain realistic systems. In this, the first of our papers on the structure and properties of layered GDC/YSZ materials, we discuss the structural features of the grain boundary between GDC and YSZ obtained by molecular dynamics simulations.
The filler effect: The influence of filler content and type on the hydration rate of tricalcium silicate
Authors: Kumar Aditya , Oey Tandre , Falzone Gabriel , Huang Jian , Bauchy Mathieu , Balonis Magdalena , Neithalath Narayanan , Bullard Jeffrey , Sant Gaurav 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe partial replacement of ordinary portland cement (OPC) by fine mineral fillers accelerates the rate of hydration reactions. This acceleration, known as the filler effect, has been attributed to enhanced heterogeneous nucleation of C‐S‐H on the extra surface provided by fillers. This study isolates the cause of the filler effect by examining how the composition and replacement levels of two filler agents influence the hydration of tricalcium silicate (T1‐Ca3SiO5; C3S), a polymorph of the major phase in ordinary portland cement (OPC). For a unit increase in surface area of the filler, C3S reaction rates increase far less than expected. This is because the agglomeration of fine filler particles can render up to 65% of their surface area unavailable for C‐S‐H nucleation. By analysis of mixtures with equal surface areas, it is hypothesized that limestone is a superior filler as compared to quartz due to the sorption of its aqueous CO32− ions by the C‐S‐H—which in turn releases OH− species to increase the driving force for C‐S‐H growth. This hypothesis is supported by kinetic data of C3S hydration occurring in the presence of CO32− and SO42− ions provisioned by readily soluble salts. Contrary to prior investigations, these results suggest that differences in heterogeneous nucleation of the C‐S‐H on filler particle surfaces, caused due to differences in their interfacial properties, have little if any effect on C3S hydration kinetics.
Decisive role of mixed‐valence structure in colossal dielectric constant of LaFeO3
Authors: Ni Wei , Ye Jianglin , Guo Youmin , Cheng Chao , Lin Zhongqin , Li Yide , Wang Hong , Yu Yi , Li Qiuju , Huang Shouguo , Shao Zongping , Wang Chunchang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe role of mixed‐valence structure in colossal dielectric constant (CDC) behavior has been investigated in LaFeO3 ceramics by tuning the ratio of Fe2+/Fe3+ through substituting Al for Fe. The ratio of Fe2+/Fe3+ is decreased gradually from 1.0 to 0.0 by increasing the concentration of Al3+. Two clear‐cut correlations have been found: (i) the relationship between the CDC behavior and the ratio of Fe2+/Fe3+ follows an exponential function and (ii) the activation energy of the polaron relaxation is proportional to , where is the intrinsic dielectric constant. These findings underscore the role of the mixed‐valence structure in CDC behavior and suggest that adjusting the mixed‐valence structure through doping/alloying can be a promising strategy to achieve superior CDC behavior in transition‐metal oxides.
Preparation and electrical properties of ZnO‐Bi2O3‐based multilayer varistors with base metal nickel inner electrodes
Authors: Chen Tao , Zu Hao , Gao Chao , Ke Chunfeng , Zhou Dongxiang , Hu Yunxinag , Zheng Zhiping , Fu Qiuyun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this study, ZnO‐Bi2O3‐based multilayer varistors (MLVs) cofired with nickel (Ni) inner electrodes were prepared by tape‐casting method. Samples were sintered in pure nitrogen (N2) to keep Ni from being oxidized, and then reoxidized in air to obtain the nonlinear properties (reduction‐reoxidation method). The EDAX results showed that Ni inner electrodes are stable and have no evident migration into ZnO‐Bi2O3‐based ceramics when sintered in N2. The influence of reoxidation temperature on microstructures and nonlinear properties of samples were studied. Samples reoxidized at the temperatures lower than 650°C showed poor nonlinear properties. After reoxidized in air at 700°C for 2 hours, samples exhibited nonlinear properties of V1 mA=16.3 V, α=26.5, IL=0.68 μA. At the reoxidation temperature higher than 750°C, the oxidation of Ni inner electrodes deteriorated the nonlinear properties of samples. It demonstrated that ZnO‐Bi2O3‐based MLVs with base metal Ni inner electrodes proposed in this work are suitable for reduction‐reoxidation method. The replacement of noble metals Pt or Ag/Pd alloys by base metal Ni is expected to lower the cost of ZnO‐Bi2O3‐based MLVs.
Reaction mechanisms of lithium garnet pellets in ambient air: The effect of humidity and CO2
Authors: Xia Wenhao , Xu Biyi , Duan Huanan , Tang Xiaoyi , Guo Yiping , Kang Hongmei , Li Hua , Liu Hezhou 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLi7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) has been reported to react in humid air to form Li2CO3 on the surface, which decreases ionic conductivity. To study the reaction mechanism, 0.5‐mol Ta‐doped LLZO (0.5Ta–LLZO) pellets are exposed in dry (humidity ~5%) and humid air (humidity ~80%) for 6 weeks, respectively. After exposure in humid air, the formation of Li2CO3 on the pellet surface is confirmed experimentally and the room‐temperature ionic conductivity is found to drop from 6.45×10−4 S cm−1 to 3.61×10−4 S cm−1. Whereas for the 0.5Ta–LLZO samples exposed in dry air, the amount of formed Li2CO3 is much less and the ionic conductivity barely decreases. To further clarify the reaction mechanism of 0.5Ta–LLZO pellets with moisture, we decouple the reactions between 0.5Ta–LLZO with water and CO2 by immersing 0.5Ta–LLZO pellets in deionized water for 1 week and then exposing them to ambient air for another week. After immersion in deionized water, Li+/H+ exchange occurs and LiOH H2O forms on the surface, which is a necessary intermediate step for the Li2CO3 formation. Based on these observations, a reaction model is proposed and discussed.
Efficient dual‐mode up‐conversion and down‐shifting emission in β‐NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ microcrystals via ion exchange
Authors: Fan Shaohua , Wang Shikai , Sun Hongtao , Sun Shiyu , Gao Guojun , Hu Lili 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe report efficient dual‐mode up‐conversion (UC) and down‐shifting (DS) emission in a single Yb3+/Er3+‐co‐doped β‐NaYF4 microcrystals with controlled morphology and size via a simple Na+ ion‐exchange modification (IEM) method. IEM well preserves the crystal structure and monodispersed morphology of hydrothermal‐synthesized β‐NaYF4. Meanwhile, IEM gives rise to the significant enhancement of UC emission intensity up to 3800 times and strongly enhanced DS emission intensity of Er3+ and Yb3+ by several times in β‐NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ microcrystals. IEM also strongly prolongs the DS emission lifetimes of Er3+ and Yb3+ in visible and near‐infrared region. The enhanced UC and DS emission intensities and prolonged lifetimes in β‐NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ are mainly ascribed to the dispersing of localized Yb3+ and Er3+ clusters during IEM.
Cr3+‐activated Li5Zn8Al5Ge9O36: A near‐infrared long‐afterglow phosphor
Authors: Xue Feihong , Hu Yihua , Fan Liumin , Ju Guifang , Lv Yang , Li Yang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNear‐infrared long‐afterglow (LAG) materials have attracted considerable attention owing to their high potential for in vivo imaging applications. Here, we present a series of near‐infrared LAG phosphors Li5Zn8Al5−xGe9O36:xCr3+ (LZAG:Cr3+), which were synthesized using a solid‐state reaction method. The pure LZAG host exhibits blue photoluminescence and LAG emission. We investigated the effect of the zinc vacancy contents on the photoluminescence and LAG performance by adjusting the zinc content and introducing Ga3+ ions to substitute the Zn2+ sites in LZAG host. When Cr3+ ions were introduced into the LZAG host, LZAG:Cr3+ produced a strong, broad blue emission band centered at 456 nm and a near‐infrared emission band at 700 nm caused by the 2E → 4A2 transition of Cr3+. The energy transfer processes from the LZAG host to Cr3+ were identified in the photoluminescence and LAG process. After irradiation at 258 nm for 10 minutes, the LAG emission of LZAG:0.008Cr3+ can last nearly 2.5 hours. Moreover, the LAG intensity and duration of LZAG: 0.008Cr3+ were significantly improved by introducing a small dose of Ga3+ ions. Finally, the traps and mechanism of LAG in LZAG, LZAG:Ga3+, and LZAG:Cr3+ were discussed in detail.
Thermal exposure effects on the long‐term behavior of a mullite fiber at high temperature
Authors: Almeida Renato S. M. , Bergmüller Eduardo L. , Lührs Hanna , Wendschuh Michael , Clauß Bernd , Tushtev Kamen , Rezwan Kurosch 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe behavior of an oxide fiber at elevated temperatures was analyzed before and after thermal exposures. The material studied was a mullite fiber developed for high‐temperature applications, CeraFib 75. Heat treatments were performed at temperatures ranging from 1200°C to 1400°C for 25 hours. Quantitative high‐temperature X‐ray analysis and creep tests at 1200°C were carried out to analyze the effect of previous heat treatment on the thermal stability of the fibers. The as‐received fibers presented a metastable microstructure of mullite grains with traces of alumina. Starting at 1200°C, grain growth and phase transformations occurred, including the initial formation of mullite, followed by the dissociation of the previous alumina‐rich mullite phase. The observed transformations are continuous and occur until the mullite phase reaches a state near the stoichiometric 3/2 mullite. Only the fibers previously heat treated at 1400°C did not show further changes when exposed again to 1200°C. Overall, the heat treatments increased the fiber stability and creep resistance but reduced the tensile strength. Changes observed in the creep strain vs. time curves of the fibers were related to the observed microstructural transformations. Based on these results, the chemical composition of the stable mullite fiber is suggested.
A field experiment: Testing the potential of norms for achieving behavior change in English parishes
Authors: Van de Vyver Julie , John Peter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTests of behavioral insights have become increasingly more common, and have been deployed by UK government and agencies. Typically, these field experiments aim to change individual‐level behaviors. The current article tests the potential of behavioral insights for changing group‐level behavior. This article reports the results of a field experiment carried out with the Department of Communities and Local Government. The field experiment tested whether a normative message (vs. a neutral or no message) could encourage parish councils to register an asset of community value (social action). There was no statistically significant effect from this intervention, but the process of designing and implementing this field experiment shows the potential for theories of behavior change to be used by government departments.