bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desulfurization of liquid fuel via extraction with imidazole-containing deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Gano Zaharaddeen S. , Mjalli Farouq S. , Al-Wahaibi Talal , Al-Wahaibi Yahya , AlNashef Inas M. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The desulfurization of liquid fuels with deep eutectic solvent (DES) newly synthesized from inexpensive constituents of imidazole and tetrabutylammonium bromide salt was conducted via liquid-liquid extraction. The aim of the work is to lower the sulfur content of liquid fuels to below the environmental regulation using DES in a process with low energy requirement. A simulated fuel containing dibenzothiophene (DBT) and thiophene as representative refractory sulfur compounds and a commercial-grade diesel fuel were used for this work. Quantitative monitoring of sulfur compounds in the raffinate phase of the fuels was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence techniques. The results of sulfur extraction showed that DBT and thiophene extraction efficiencies of 70% and 47%, respectively, could be achieved from the simulated fuel in a single run extraction. Similarly, 47% total sulfur removal from the commercial-grade diesel fuel was achieved with the solvent. The deep desulfurizations of the fuels were successfully achieved in four and five successive stages with the simulated fuel and the diesel fuel, respectively. The solvent was effectively regenerated after the extraction process with both fuels, thus allowing for its repetitive usage.
Urban Resettlements and Environmental Engineering as a Context for Human Development. A Case Study: Hade
Authors: Bajçinovci Bujar , Jerliu Florina 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This paper explores the spatial considerations and relationship between necessity of expanding lignite mining, and urban resettlements as a context for human development and security. A situation is considered fragile when objective is to implement a strategy of safe resettlement. Moreover, those situations reflect how urban resettlement can be a social displeasure, despite health hazards of actual zones. The study presented in this paper explored the Shala neighbourhood of Hade village, focussing on urban resettlements, and environmental engineering issues. The research method consists of empirical observation throughout the zone, with an accent to the areas of resettlement. In order to receive a clear data and information, research is made within spatial regulation of urban planning, focusing on the environmental features regarding to the morphology of the area, air pollution, zones for expanding lignite mining and general hazards of public health. Case study was investigated through literature review, and the data collected includes maps, composition of urban structure, attributes of space, genius loci, and mining activities. Resettlements as a phenomenon pull away very sensitive social, safety and mental issues. We employ relatively new conceptual findings of urban planning, showing that the urban resettlement to a near village Shkabaj does not fulfil social, health and environmental objectives. Based on results of new resettlement area pollution, and urban planning issues presented in this paper, location for the resettlement of Shala neighbourhood of Hade village was not appropriate: as pattern for future urban resettlements in a context for environmental security and human development
Incorporating Social Capital into the Austrian Business Cycle Theory
Authors: D’Amico Daniel J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper incorporates insights from social capital theory into the traditional Austrian business cycle theory (ABCT). Whereas in the standard Austrian narrative, recovery processes entail the reallocation of investment resources from more towards less-capital intensive industries, social capital may represent an alternative avenue for investment energies. Unique characteristics of social capital are surveyed and strategic opportunities for leveraging social capital by different decision maker types are explained. Recognizing social capital developments amidst business cycles helps to account for the long-term resilience and continual social progress of economic performance amidst increasingly interventionist central banking practices.
Economic Calculation and the Productivity of Investment
Authors: Powell Benjamin , Macera Gonzalo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper explains why institutional quality impacts the productivity of investment. The existing empirical literature finds that a given level of investment creates more economic growth in more economically free countries. We draw on insights from Austrian economics, particularly the economic calculation debate and associated knowledge problems, to provide a theoretical explanation for why entrepreneurs are able to better value investment opportunities in more economically free countries which, in turn, leads to higher economic growth.
Recovery of L

p
-potential in the plane
Authors: Lakshtanov Evgeny , Vainberg Boris 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
An inverse problem for the two-dimensional Schrödinger equation with

L
com
p

{L^{p}_{\rm com}}

-potential,

p
>
1

{p>1}

, is considered. Using the

∂
¯

{\bar{\partial}}

-method, the potential is recovered from the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map on the boundary of a domain containing the support of the potential. We do not assume that the potential is small or that the Faddeev scattering problem does not have exceptional points. The paper contains a new estimate on the Faddeev Green function that immediately implies the absence of exceptional points near the origin and infinity when

v
∈

L
com
p

{v\in L^{p}_{\rm com}}

.
Plasmonics for emerging quantum technologies
Authors: Bozhevolnyi Sergey I. , Mortensen N. Asger 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Expanding the frontiers of information processing technologies and, in particular, computing with ever-increasing speed and capacity has long been recognized as an important societal challenge, calling for the development of the next generation of quantum technologies. With its potential to exponentially increase computing power, quantum computing opens up possibilities to carry out calculations that ordinary computers could not finish in the lifetime of the universe, whereas optical communications based on quantum cryptography become completely secure. At the same time, the emergence of Big Data and the ever-increasing demands of miniaturization and energy-saving technologies bring about additional fundamental problems and technological challenges to be addressed in scientific disciplines dealing with light-matter interactions. In this context, quantum plasmonics represents one of the most promising and fundamental research directions and, indeed, the only one that enables the ultimate miniaturization of photonic components for quantum optics when being taken to extreme limits in light-matter interactions.
Work Integration Social Enterprises in Austria – Characteristics, Evolution and Perspectives
Authors: Anastasiadis Maria 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAt a time of rising unemployment and strained labor market policy budgets, Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs) are currently facing difficult circumstances in Austria. If, and how, WISEs can continue to create and deliver quality services for their users (while meeting public authority’s demands) is a topic of vigorous debate at the national level. In an endeavor to gain insight into the current situation, the focus of this paper is to explain the historical emergence of WISEs in the context of the Austrian welfare state. The analysis combines empirical data on key characteristics of ECO-WISEs – a major subgroup of WISEs with an ecological orientation – with an analysis of the institutionalization process of these WISEs, based on the outcome of a series of semi-structured interviews with key experts in the field. The discussion begins by describing their development in the 1980s, growth in the 1990s and concludes with the marketization and reorientation process experienced by these WISEs from 2000 onwards. The paper concludes with a discussion of the victories and challenges faced by these WISEs and highlights the important role that ECO-WISEs have assumed in recognizing and responding to societal needs, developing innovative services, and in meeting the requirements of policy makers.
Oligocarboxylates as useful templates in dynamic combinatorial chemistry
Authors: Ulatowski Filip , Jurczak Janusz 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Dynamic combinatorial chemistry deals with systems (libraries) of multiple compounds formed by reversible reactions. Interactions of all library components with introduced template molecule are reflected in modification of library composition and are analysed simultaneously. In our studies we investigated a single-substrate dynamic combinatorial library of macrocycles, based on dipicolinic acid diamide, with disulphide bond exchange as the reversible reaction. The library components equipped with hydrogen bond donors interact with anionic guests – carboxylates which act as templates inducing amplification of selected library members. We proved that quantitative analysis of interactions with templates is possible, which led us to a novel method of analysis of association constants of static receptors introduced to the system. With a large set of carboxylates differing in number of anionic groups, size, shape, and flexibility of the linker, we proved that the library is very sensitive to structural parameters of the template. We also showed that with mediation of a photoswitchable azobenzene-based template it is possible to change the library composition by light stimulus. Similarly, with mediation of EDTA the library is sensitive to introduction of metal cations.
Studies on the effects of 4,4′-dihydroxyphenyl on crystallization and melting behavior of poly (butylene terephthalate)
Authors: Shen Zhiyuan , Luo Faliang , Du Jianghua , Lei Xiaomei , Ji Lijie 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The blends of poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and 4,4′-dihydroxyphenyl (DHP) were prepared by melt blending, and the effects of DHP on the crystallization and melting behaviors of PBT were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The results showed that crystallization temperature and crystallinity of PBT apparently decreased with the addition of DHP. A remarkably decline in crystallization rate of PBT was achieved, and the blends had higher σ
e and q values than that of pure PBT as analyzed based on the Avrami equation and Lauritzen-Hoffman equation. The crystal structure of PBT did not change by the addition of DHP, while the spherulite size of PBT decreased.
Study of a novel co-rotating non-twin screw extruder in processing flame retardant polymer materials
Authors: Zhao Song , Xu Baiping , He Liang , Yu Huiwen , Tan Shouzai 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A thorough study was carried out to investigate the priority of a novel co-rotating non-twin screw extruder (NTSE) over a traditional twin screw extruder (TSE) in the mixing process of halogen-free intumescent flame-retardant acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) composites. The homogeneity of the flame-retardant additives of the composites processed by NTSE and TSE under the same operating conditions was characterized by using mechanical performance properties, limiting oxygen index values, UL-94 tests, and thermogravimetric analysis. All the results suggested that NTSE could achieve better mixing of the flame-retardant additives in the polymer matrix than TSE, which was further clarified by the scanning electron microscope pictures.
How demographic patterns and social policies shape interdependence among lives in the family realm
Authors: Dykstra Pearl A. , Hagestad Gunhild O. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOur starting point is that a social psychological approach dominates the literature on interdependent or “linked” lives (Elder, 1994). We argue that interdependence is not only social-psychological, but is also structured on a macro-level. More specifically, we illustrate ways in which demographic change, such as increased co-longevity, creates different opportunities for interdependence for men and women. In addition, we draw attention to the role of national policies, distinguishing ways in which legislationmandatesgenerational interdependence (e.g., legal obligations to provide financial support),blocksgenerational interdependence (e.g., grandparents not granted the right to raise grandchildren when parents cannot provide adequate care; migration laws not granting temporary visits to enable the provision of care),generatesgenerational interdependence (e.g., daddy quota), andlightensgenerational interdependence (e.g., less reliance on grandparental care in Northern and Western Europe due to public support to parents of young children). We pay specific attention to childless men and women, questioning the primacy assigned to kinship ties in health care and long-term support policies. Gender receives consistent consideration throughout the paper.
Efficacy of Epalrestat, Duloxetine and Epalrestat in Combination with Methylcobalamine in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Abhilash Penchala , Manasa Macharla , Subrahmanyam Bandaru Siva , Venkateshwarlu Eggadi , Goverdhan Puchchakayala , Nagesh Adla , Reddy Gade Amulya , Sharvana Bhava Bandaru Sheshagiri 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDiabetic neuropathy is a major long term problem allied with diabetes that can cause serious disability and also death. Fifty to seventy five percent of all ulcerations and non trauma amputations are a consequence of diabetic neuropathy. Epalrestat, duloxetine and epalrestat with methylcobalamine are widely used to overcome neuronal damage. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of these three drug regimens. Material and methods: Patients included in this study were experiencing pain because of diabetic neuropathy for more than 6 months but not more than 5 years. Results: From 236 subjects with diabetic neuropathy included in the study, 181 patients concluded final analysis. 55 patients dropped from the study (14, 23 and 18 patients from duloxetine, epalrestat+methylcobalamine combination and epalrestat respectively). Mean pain score was reduced from 5.01±1.99 (severe pain) at first visit to 2.86±2.10 (moderate pain) in the epalrestat group, from 6.41±1.73 (severe pain) at first visit to 2.38±1.58 (mild pain) in the duloxetine group and from 5.86±1.76 (severe pain) to 2.88±1.91 (mild pain) in the epalrestat with methylcobalamine group. Conclusion: We conclude that duloxetine was significantly more effective than epalrestat and epalrestat in combination with methylcobalamine in relieving diabetic neuropathic pain.
Different effects of anti-TNF-alpha biologic drugs on the small bowel macroscopic inflammation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Chitul A. , Voiosu A.M. , Marinescu Mădălina , Caraiola Simona , Nicolau Adriana , Badea Georgeta Camelia , Pârvu Magda Ileana , Ionescu R. A. , Mateescu B. R. , Voiosu M. R. , Băicuş C. R. , Rimbaş M. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background & Aims. Considering the ability of anti-TNF alpha drugs to lower the burden intestinal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the similarity between IBD and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) regarding inflammatory intestinal involvement, we aimed to investigate the impact of anti-TNF alpha biologic therapy on subclinical intestinal inflammation in AS patients.

Methods. Between January 2008 and December 2013, 38 AS patients and 23 controls were enrolled in the study and investigated with small bowel videocapsule endoscopy examination and ileocolonoscopy. Each tertile of the small bowel (proximal, mid and distal) was assessed by calculating the Lewis score based on the image stream.

Results. The Lewis scores were significantly higher in the AS group compared to controls (580.9 ± 818 vs. 81 ± 121, p<0.001). 16 patients (42.1%) were on anti-TNF alpha therapy (Adalimumab (n = 5), Infliximab (n = 5) or Etanercept (n = 6)).31.3% of them used NSAIDs simultaneously, compared with 77.3% of the other patients (p<0.01). Their Lewis scores were lower compared to the other patients for the entire small bowel (306 ± 164 vs. 790 ± 1038, p = 0.015), its proximal and distal tertiles (238 ± 154 vs. 560 ± 543, p = 0.021, and 140 ± 189 vs. 300 ± 220, p = 0.027, respectively). The Lewis score was also lower in patients receiving Adalimumab/Infliximab compared to those on Etanercept for the entire bowel and its distal tertile (262 ± 165 vs. 380 ± 148, p = 0.069 and 62 ± 101 vs. 273 ± 236, p = 0.060, respectively).

Conclusion. Anti-TNF alpha therapy in patients with AS reduces the subclinical intestinal inflammation, but the magnitude seems to depend upon the class anti-TNF alpha agent used (Clinical Trials. gov NCT00768950).
The method of determining surface water erosion influence on agricultural valorization of soils with usage of geoprocessing techniques and spatial information systems
Authors: Prus Barbara , Salata Tomasz , Gawroński Krzysztof 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to propose methodical solutions concerning synthetic agricultural analysis of production space which consists in combined (synthetic) – in spatial and statistical contexts – analysis and evaluation of quality and farming utility of soils in connection with soils erosive risk level. The paper is aimed at presentation of methodology useful in such type of analyses as well as demonstration to what extent the areas of farming production space being subject to restrictive protection are exposed to destructive effect of surface water erosion. Own factor (HDSP.E) was suggested, which is a high degree synthesis of soil protection in connection with degrees of surface water erosion risk. The proposed methodology was used for detailed spatial analyses performed for Tomice – the Małopolska rural commune (case study). The area model elaborated for the proposed methodology’s purpose faced with soils mechanical composition allowed to make a model of surface water erosion in five-grade scale. Synthetic evaluation (product of spatial objects on numerous thematic layers) of quality and farming utility of soils and also zones of surface water erosion risk allowed to assign spatial distribution of HDSP.E factor (abbreviation of high degree of soil protection combined with erosion). The analyses enabled to determine proportional contribution of the most valuable resources of farming production space that are subject to soil erosion negative phenomenon. Geoprocessing techniques used for the analyses of environmental elements of farming production space were applied in the paper. The analysis of spatial distribution of researched phenomena was elaborated in Quantum GIS programme.
Geomorphological analysis in soil profile assessment of the margin of Warsaw morainic plateau in Ursynów
Authors: Garbulewski Kazimierz , Falkowski Tomasz , Rabarijoely Simon , Ostrowski Piotr 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This paper addresses the application of geomorphological analysis to recognize the geotechnical conditions at the margin of a moraine plateau in Warsaw. Aerial photographs, borehole data logging, CPT and DMT tests results were taken into account to compare the conditions at two sites, i.e. the well recognized part of the moraine plateau (SGGW Stadium site) and the second part located at a distance of 5 km (Warsaw slope – church). Spatial variability of the strength and deformation properties in the study areas were determined using CPT and DMT tests results. The general conclusion is that the specific geomorphological units allow for prediction to some extent the sequence of geotechnical layers and the general distribution of soil parameters. The example from the margin of the moraine plateau in Warsaw shows that such procedure is a promising statistical tool related to geotechnical problems.
Proposal to Achieve Floodplain Connectivity in Alțâna Sector on Hârtibaciu River (Transylvania, Romania)
Authors: Voicu Răzvan , Heron Linda , Curtean-Bănăduc Angela , Bănăduc Doru 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The process of supplying water to the new anthropogenic wetland is achieved gravitationally, and the excess water in the wetland will be directed towards the Hârtibaciu River in a similar natural way. The fish and fauna of the Hârtibaciu River have a disrupted lateral connectivity due to its banks embanking including in the proximity of the Alţâna locality. The newly proposed anthropogenic wetland would improve habitat quality for the fish species of conservation interest, Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782), and increase its population numbers. A new fish species, Chondrostoma nasus, was identified for the first time in the Hârtibaciu River.
Tractability of Multivariate Integration Using Low-Discrepancy Sequences
Authors: Tezuka Shu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe propose a notion of (t,e,s)-sequences in multiple bases, which unifies the Halton sequence and (t, s)-sequences under one roof, and obtain an upper bound of their discrepancy consisting only of the leading term. By using this upper bound, we improve the tractability results currently known for the Halton sequence, the Niederreiter sequence, the Sobol’ sequence, and the generalized Faure sequence, and also give tractability results for the Xing-Niederreiter sequence and the Hofer-Niederreiter sequence, for which no results have been known so far.
On the Gaussian Limiting Distribution of Lattice Points in a Parallelepiped
Authors: Levin Mordechay B. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Let Γ ⊂ ℝ
s
be a lattice obtained from a module in a totally real algebraic number field. Let ℛ(
θ
, N) be the error term in the lattice point problem for the parallelepiped [−θ
1
N
1, θ
1
N
1] × . . . × [−θs Ns
, θs Ns
]. In this paper, we prove that ℛ(
θ
, N)/σ(ℛ, N) has a Gaussian limiting distribution as N→∞, where
θ
= (θ
1, . . . , θs
) is a uniformly distributed random variable in [0, 1]
s
, N = N
1 . . . . Ns
and σ(ℛ, N) ≍ (log N)(s−1)/2. We obtain also a similar result for the low discrepancy sequence corresponding to Γ. The main tool is the S-unit theorem.
Antinociceptive effect of Aristolochia trilobata stem essential oil and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2yl acetate, its main compound, in rodents
Authors: Quintans Jullyana de Souza Siqueira , Alves Rafael dos Santos , Santos Darlisson de Alexandria , Serafini Mairim Russo , Alves Péricles Barreto , Costa Emmanoel Vilaça , Zengin Gokhan , Quintans-Júnior Lucindo José , Guimarães Adriana Gibara 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Aristolochia trilobata L. is an aromatic plant, popularly known as “mil-homens”, and its essential oil (EO) is generally used to treat colic, diarrhea and dysentery disorders. We evaluated the antinociceptive effect of A. trilobata stem EO and of its major compound, the (R)-(-)-6-methyl-5-hepten-2-yl acetate (sulcatyl acetate: SA), using acetic acid (0.85%)-induced writhing response and formalin-induced (20 μL of 1%) nociceptive behavior in mice. We also evaluated the EO and SA effect on motor coordination, using the rota-rod apparatus. EO (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) or SA (25 and 50 mg/kg) reduced nociceptive behavior in the writhing test (p<0.001). EO (100 mg/kg) and SA (25 and 50 mg/kg) decreased the nociception on the first phase of the formalin test (p<0.05). On the second phase, EO (25: p<0.01; 50: p<0.05 and 100 mg/kg: p<0.001) and SA (25 and 50 mg/kg; p<0.001) reduced the nociceptive response induced by formalin. EO and SA were not able to cause changes in the motor coordination of animals. Together, our results suggest that EO has an analgesic profile and SA seems to be one of the active compounds in this effect.