bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonoperative Management of Blunt Renal Trauma
Authors: Azevedo Camila Issa , Souza Amanda Baraldi , Starling Sizenando Vieira , Franciscani Aparecida Andrade Ribeiro , Costa Maria Helena Almeida 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective
To analyze patients with blunt renal trauma who were managed conservatively, with emphasis on clinical presentation, grade of injury, complication and failure rates.

Materials and methods
A prospective observational study was conducted in Hospital João XXIII, between January and December 2013. Patients with blunt renal trauma and nonoperative management (NOM) were analyzed during this period. Data were collected in respect to: age, gender, mechanism of trauma, grade of injury, clinical presentation, revised trauma score (RTS), associated abdominal injuries, length of hospital stay and failure, complication and mortality rates.

Results
During this period, 27 patients with blunt renal trauma were suitable for nonoperative approach. The most common mechanisms of trauma were motor vehicle accidents (59.2%) and falls (22.2%) and the mean length of hospital stay was 10.5 days. The majority of the patients had grade II (48.1%) and III (29.6%) injuries, with mean RTS of 6.93. The complication rate was 3.7% and the mortality rate was 7.4%. All deaths were related to associated injuries. One patient with grade II injury required nephrectomy. This patient had concurrent injuries.

Conclusion
Blunt renal trauma can be successfully managed conservatively, with low complication rates. Nonoperative management is safe in stable patients and in environments with appropriated protocol for this approach.

How to cite this article
Franciscani AAR, Azevedo CI, Souza AB, Costa MHA, Starling SV, Drumond DAF. Nonoperative Management of Blunt Renal Trauma. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2015;4(1):6-10.
Anemia y Traumatismo Craneoencefálico: Implicaciones Fisiopatologicas Para El Tratamiento Neurocritico
Authors: Alvis-Miranda Hernando Raphael , Alcalá-Cerra Gabriel , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Pulido-Gutierrez Juan Camilo , Navas-Marrugo Sandy Zuleica , Cabeza-Morales Marticela , Duarte-Misol Dagoberto 
Published: December 2015

RESUMEN
El trauma craneoencefálico (TCE) es una entidad común a nivel mundial; en el organismo humano ocurren una serie de eventos en el contexto del TCE, algunos son inmediatos y otros se generan con la evolución de la lesión y son consecuencia a su vez de la gravedad de la misma. Dentro de este entorno, en esta revisión narrativa hablaremos sobre la anemia asociada a TCE, una alteración altamente descrita en estos pacientes.

How to cite this article
Moscote-Salazar LR, Pulido-Gutierrez JC, Navas-Marrugo SZ, Alvis-Miranda HR, Cabeza-Morales M, Duarte-Misol D, Alcala-Cerra G. Anemia y Traumatismo Craneoencefálico: Implicaciones Fisiopatologicas Para El Tratamiento Neurocritico. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2015;4(1):16-22.
Complete Appendiceal Intussusception induced by Primary Adenocarcinoma of the Vermiform Appendix: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Relevant Literature
Authors: Biswas Saptarshi , Ebaid Samer , Patel Prem 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Appendicular intussusception is a rare entity. Although first reported in 1858 there are only 250 cases reported since. In a large autopsy series the incidence rate of only 0.01% was documented. The exact pathophysiology is unclear but several etiologies have been documented. Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix is extremely uncommon, which in most cases arises from a pre-existing adenoma. The incidence according to a reported study was documented as 0.08%.
We report an uncommon case of a young female who presented with a 2-day history of abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting. Computed tomography scan suggested of ileocolic intussusception. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed followed by open laparotomy. An appendicular tumor confirmed as adenocarcinoma of the appendix on frozen section was noted to be the cause of the intussusception. A right hemicolectomy was performed.
We discuss the different anatomical and pathological factors causing appendicular intussusception with special emphasis on primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix, clinical features, classifications, preoperative diagnoses and treatment options of this rare disease entity along with review of relevant literature.

How to cite this article
Ebaid S, Biswas S, Patel P. Complete Appendiceal Intussusception induced by Primary Adenocarcinoma of the Vermiform Appendix: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Relevant Literature. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2015;4(1):36-38.
Análise enunciativa das marcas modais presentes em corpus de interpretação simultânea de libras-português.
Authors: Almeida-Silva Anderson , Carvalho Ana Paula Lima de 
Published: December 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2015v35nesp2p289Este texto centra-se nas questões do trabalho do Intérprete de Língua de Sinais na condição de segundo enunciador da produção discursiva. Esses profissionais, no momento da interpretação, buscam recriar [atualizar] os conceitos emanados da língua fonte para a língua alvo, instaurando, assim, uma segunda instância enunciativa. O quadro teórico mobilizado situa-se na perspectiva da Linguística Enunciativa (BENVENISTE, 1989; FLORES, 2008, 2009a, 2009b, 2010) e no estudo dos modais em línguas orais e na LIBRAS. Tem-se, por objetivos, buscar as marcas deixadas pelo segundo sujeito enunciador do texto, neste caso, o intérprete, quanto ao uso de modais especificamente e analisar as escolhas desse segundo sujeito enunciador por utilizar um ou outro tipo de modal (no texto alvo), que esteja explícito ou implícito na primeira situação de enunciação (no texto fonte). Para análise, a fala de uma pessoa surda, com tempo total de 40' (quarenta minutos), que estava sendo interpretada para o Português oral, foi transcrita. Após a transcrição, 6 (seis) excertos da fala total, com ocorrências de modais na língua fonte ou alvo, foram analisados. Em função das análises empreendidas, pontua-se: 1. a tendência de que a modalidade deôntica seja quase sempre interpretada como na língua fonte; 2. as escolhas interpretativas são sempre guiadas por pistas enunciativas deixadas na fala do primeiro enunciador, para as quais o intérprete deve revelar domínio de aspectos pertinentes tanto à língua fonte quanto à língua alvo; 3. na ausência de marcas modais explícitas, os intérpretes são sensíveis às noções modais extravasadas por toda a superfície textual; 4. a omissão temporal na interpretação de modais epistêmicos de grande valor de aderência podendo funcionar como uma estratégia interpretativa e não como um falseamento da informação original; 5. a noção de “tempo de checagem”, sendo proposta para recobrir o tempo (não cronológico) no qual o intérprete, após receber a informação da língua fonte, realizasua interpretação.
Investigando a produção de construções de interface sintático-gestual na interpretação simultânea intermodal
Authors: Lourenço Guilherme 
Published: December 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2015v35nesp2p319O presente estudo investiga a produção de construções gesto-espaciais na interpretação simultânea intermodal. Assume-se que as construções espaciais nas línguas sinalizadas são estruturas de interface externa entre a sintaxe e o espaço gestual. Considerando-se ainda a Hipótese das Interfaces (SORACE, 2006, 2011), espera-se a ocorrência de opcionalidade residual na produção dessas construções em L2. Adicionalmente, argumenta-se aqui que o processo de interpretação simultânea é bastante demandante cognitivamente, o que resulta num aumento na ocorrência de opcionalidade residual na produção do intérprete de língua de sinais. Assim, um estudo empírico é realizado de modo a comparar a produção de intérpretes de Libras em três tarefas distintas, a saber: uma tarefa de interpretação simultânea, uma tarefa de tradução e uma tarefa de tradução com o auxílio de um input visual. Verifica-se que a produção de construções espaciais é estatisticamente maior nas tarefas de tradução do que na tarefa de interpretação. Adicionalmente, tem-se que o input visual estimula a produção de construções espaciais. Por outro lado, observa-se um quantitativo estatisticamente maior de produção não-convergente na tarefa de interpretação do que nas tarefas de tradução. Não foi encontrado nenhum efeito do input visual sobre a ocorrência de produção não-convergente.
Deweys bevidsthedsbegreb
Authors: Kauffmann Oliver 
Published: December 2015

<em><span style="font-family: CronosMM-It_408_10_; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: CronosMM-It_408_10_; font-size: x-small;"><font face="CronosMM-It_408_10_" size="2"><p>John Dewey has played a major role for philosophy of education and for educational theory as such. This paper deals with Dewey’s conception of consciousness, an issue which is rarely dealt with. It is claimed that Dewey’s thoughts on this issue are original and has actuality in the light of recent attempts to understand cognition and consciousness as intimately related to the subject’s interaction with the environment.</p></font></span></span><p> </p></em>
Rousseau i våre hjerter
Authors: Løvlie Lars 
Published: December 2015

<p><em>This essay broaches pedagogical key themes in Rousseau’s writings, primarily sourced from Émile, a book that 250 years after its first publication offers up a strikingly relevant critique of the current neo-liberal politics of schooling in the Western world. Rousseau was a keen observer of human folly, a sharp critic of Enlightenment culture, and an imaginative author with an acute sense of the vagaries of mind and feeling. I recount how he treats feelings, particularly the inner voice of conscience, as a core element in education. His idea of “negative pedagogy” is a lasting contribution to educational thinking in general and highly relevant for our discussion today about self-regulation and discipline in education. Rousseau’s idea about authenticity leads directly to the question of individual character and the relation between self-love and amour-propre. Here we are presented to a positive pedagogy, which is to foster the first and to foil the second. After having touched the conflict between theory and practice in Rousseau’s own life, I observe that the woman in Émile’s life, Sophie, comes forth as naturally healthy person, fit to face society’s temptations, while Émile in comparison must be protected from its harms by his well-meaning tutor until he turns 15. In a longer section I present the pedagogical paradox, which says that you cannot force a child to be independent. Rousseau interestingly disregards the paradox, which seems to cast doubt on his reputation as a radical reformer of modern pedagogy. </em></p><p> </p>
Negativ opdragelse og negation af opdragelse. Émiles aktualitet i forhold til en kritisk teori om pædagogik
Authors: Gruschka Andreas 
Published: December 2015

<p>Rousseau's exposition of negative education in<em> Émile </em>is explored through its relation to the concept of a negative theory of education developed by the author as a continuation of some crucial insights of early critical theory. Thus, the essay elaborates different aspects of negation and negativity in relation to educational theory and practice. The author defends thereby the actuality of Rousseau's philosophy of education for a critical understanding of the modern phenomenon of educationalization.</p><p> </p><br />
”En sværm af skyer, som skal tænkes” – en diskussion af kultur, kunst og æstetik
Authors: Johansen Martin Blok , Morsing Ole 
Published: December 2015

<p>These days there are many diﬀerent understandings and deﬁnitions of the term aesthetics. Sometimes it is regarded as identical to the pleasing or the sensual, other times it has a more workaday meaning, being associated with e.g. a well-stocked lunch table. The common denominator, however, is that aesthetics is understood as something that can be recorded in the real world, having been assigned an independent existence. <br />The concept has thus undergone ‘ontological dumping’, by which we understand that an analytical concept has become a “thing in the world”, i.e. an epistemological state has been transformed into an ontological state. The problem with this is that what can potentially be used to understand has instead turned into something to be understood. In the endeavour not to downgrade the epistemological dimension in favour of the experiential dimension, we attempt in this article to re-establish aesthetics as an analytical concept: Something to be seen with – instead of something that is seen. In addition, we put it into perspective alongside culture and art, which we feel has undergone the same ontological dumping. The article concludes with some reﬂections on the implications this may have for educational practice. As its theoretical springboard, the article takes the philosopher Jean-François Lyotard, drawing its exemplary material from the Norwegian author Karl Ove Knausgård.</p>
Mediating Influences: Problematising facilitated digital self-representation
Authors: Vivienne Sonja 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
While Digital Storytelling has been lauded as an exemplary model of participatory cultural citizenship (particularly in initiatives for and with marginalised people), many mediating influences make ‘authentic’ self-representation far from straightforward. In this article, I consider some of these mediating influences, from both theoretical and practical perspectives, and underline their regulatory and constitutive nature. While some of these mediating influences are timeworn and pre-date digital technology, others are perpetuated and amplified, as is the case in networked personal storytelling disseminated online. I draw on some well-established strategies derived from anthropology and narrative practices to propose a new purpose for old tools. These tools support the nuanced and sensitive facilitation of both face-to-face and online Digital Storytelling workshops as well as the curation of web spaces in which they eventually circulate. I argue that making complex mediating influences visible to participants affords redress of the inherent social and technical privileges of institutions, facilitators and platforms. Finally, I consider the implications of these strategies for voice, marginalised identity, cultural citizenship and social change.
Counterpublics in the age of mediatisation: Local responses to Femen in the Arab world
Authors: Darmoni Kaouthar , Witschge Tamara 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this paper we analyse the impact of the mediatised strategy of the global protest group Femen. In addition to the concept of mediatisation, we employ the concept of counterpublics and find that Femen have limited impact in the Arab world due to a lack of embedment in local communities. We show how mediatisation of protest can hamper the dual function of counterpublic discourse and action. By focusing primarily outwardly and adopting dominant media logics (outwardly focused, interpublic discourse), Femen’s protest strategies result in a sensational and top-down message. This is not embedded in a conversation with local communities (the inwardly focused intrapublic function of counterpublic discourse) and as such results in much resistance in the Arab world. Moving beyond an analysis of Femen’s message to include local Arab responses, our analysis allows us insight into the lived experiences of mediatised protest, which suggest that Femen’s antagonistic actions foster alienation rather than empowerment.
Mediatizing Shame: Posthumanitarianism and Participatory Development Ethics in Radi-Aid’s Activist Awareness Campaigns
Authors: Reestorff Camilla Møhring 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This article studies the Norwegian Students and Academics’ International Assistance Fund’s (SAIH) hoax advocacy campaign, Radi-Aid. The paper distinguishes between advocacy campaigns that are designed as fund-raising and awareness campaigns targeted at changing political attitudes towards humanitarianism. The article argues that Radi-Aid is a mediatized activist awareness campaign that negotiates participatory development ethics. The focus is thus on Radi-Aid’s engagement in an ethics that explores the functionality of celebrities and lifestyle posthumanitarianism and the participation of local communities. While posthumanitarianism might simply be dismissed, for instance, through notions of low engagement participation such as clicktivism and lifestyle activism, the article argues that Radi-Aid is itself a form of posthumanitarianism. This posthumanitarianism is crucial because it works as a form of détournement that simultaneously shames participants and makes existent humanitarian communities present to one another and turns them into political collectives. As such, Radi-Aid can be interpreted as a reconfiguration of posthumanitarianism that offers the shamed a remedy by means of the participatory development ethics.
Human rights and the sexual and reproductive health of women living with HIV – a literature review
Authors: Kumar Shubha , Gruskin Sofia , Khosla Rajat , Narasimhan Manjulaa 
Published: December 2015

IntroductionEven as the number of women living with HIV around the globe continues to grow, realization of their sexual and reproductive health and human rights remains compromised. The objective of this study was to review the current state of knowledge on the sexual and reproductive health and human rights of women living with HIV to assess evidence and gaps.MethodsRelevant databases were searched for peer‐reviewed and grey literature. Search terms included a combination of MeSH terms and keywords representing women, HIV/AIDS, ART, human rights, sexual and reproductive health. We included both qualitative and quantitative literature published in English, French, or Spanish between July 2011 and December 2014.Results and discussionThe search yielded 2228 peer‐reviewed articles, of which 40 met the inclusion criteria in the final review. The grey literature search yielded 2186 documents of which seven met the inclusion criteria in the final review. Of the articles and documents reviewed, not a single peer‐reviewed article described the explicit implementation of rights in programming, and only two documents from the grey literature did so. With one possible exception, no articles or documents were found which addressed rights comprehensively, or addressed the majority of relevant rights (i.e. equality; non‐discrimination; participation; privacy and confidentiality; informed decision making; availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality (3AQ) of services individually or in their totality; and accountability). Additional findings indicate that the language of rights is used most often to describe the apparent neglect or violation of human rights and what does exist only addresses a few rights in the context of a few areas within sexual and reproductive health.ConclusionsFindings from this review suggest the need to better integrate rights into interventions, particularly with attention to provider training, service delivery, raising awareness and capacity building among the community of women living with HIV. Further research is urgently needed to support the sexual and reproductive health and rights of women living with HIV, to identify what works and to inform future programming and policies to improve care, treatment and support for women living with HIV.
Tuberculosis: opportunities and challenges for the 90–90–90 targets in HIV‐infected children
Authors: Rabie Helena , Frigati Lisa , Hesseling Anneke C , Garcia‐Prats Anthony J 
Published: December 2015

IntroductionIn 2014 the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS defined the ambitious 90–90–90 targets for 2020, in which 90% of people living with HIV must be diagnosed, 90% of those diagnosed should be on sustained therapy and 90% of those on therapy should have an undetectable viral load. Children are considered to be a key focus population for these targets. This review will highlight key components of the epidemiology, prevention and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV‐infected children in the era of increasing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and their relation to the 90–90–90 targets.DiscussionThe majority of HIV‐infected children live in countries with a high burden of TB. In settings with a high burden of both diseases such as in sub‐Saharan Africa, up to 57% of children diagnosed with and treated for TB are HIV‐infected. TB results in substantial morbidity and mortality in HIV‐infected children, so preventing TB and optimizing its treatment in HIV‐infected children will be important to ensuring good long‐term outcomes. Prevention of TB can be achieved by increasing access to ART to both children and adults, and appropriate provision of isoniazid preventative therapy. Co‐treatment of HIV and TB is complicated by drug‐drug interactions particularly due to the use of rifampicin; these may compromise virologic outcomes if appropriate corrective actions are not taken. There remain substantial operational challenges, and improved integration of paediatric TB and HIV services, including with antenatal and routine under‐five care, is an important priority.ConclusionsTB may be an important barrier to achievement of the 90–90–90 targets, but specific attention to TB care in HIV‐infected children may provide important opportunities to enhance the care of both TB and HIV in children.
Patching the gaps towards the 90–90–90 targets: outcomes of Nigerian children receiving antiretroviral treatment who are co‐infected with tuberculosis
Authors: Chamla Dick D , Asadu Chukwuemeka , Davies Abiola , de Wagt Arjan , Ilesanmi Oluwafunke , Adeyinka Daniel , Adejuyigbe Ebun 
Published: December 2015

IntroductionNigeria has a high burden of children living with HIV and tuberculosis (TB). This article examines the magnitude of TB among children receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART), compares their ART outcomes with their non‐TB counterparts and argues that addressing TB among children on ART is critical for achieving the 90–90–90 targets.MethodsThis was a facility‐based, retrospective analysis of medical records of children aged <15 years who were newly initiated on ART between 2011 and 2012. Structured tools were used to collect data. STATA software was used to perform descriptive, survival and multivariate analyses.ResultsA total of 1142 children with a median age of 3.5 years from 20 selected facilities were followed for 24 months. Of these, 95.8% were assessed for TB at ART initiation and 14.7% had TB. Children on ART were more likely to have TB if they were aged 5 years or older (p<0.01) and had delayed ART initiation (p<0.05). The cotrimoxazole and isoniazid prophylaxes were provided to 87.9 and 0.8% of children, respectively. The rate of new TB cases was 3 (2.2–4.0) per 100 person‐years at six months and declined to 0.2 (0.06–1.4) per 100 person‐years at 24 months. TB infection [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 4.3; 2.3–7.9], malnutrition (aHR: 5.1; 2.6–9.8), delayed ART initiation (aHR: 3.2; 1.5–6.7) and age less than 1 year at ART initiation (aHR: 4.0; 1.4–12.0) were associated with death. Additionally, patients with TB (aHR: 1.3; 1.1–1.6) and children below the age of 1 at ART initiation (aHR: 2.9; 1.7–5.2) were more likely to be lost to follow‐up (LFU).ConclusionsChildren on ART with TB are less likely to survive and more likely to be LFU. These risks, along with low isoniazid uptake and delayed ART initiation, present a serious challenge to achieving the 90–90–90 targets and underscore an urgent need for inclusion of childhood TB/HIV in global plans and reporting mechanisms.