bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Nasal Symmetry following Primary Correction of Unilateral Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity
Authors: Linden Olivia E. , Taylor Helena O. , Vasudavan Sivabalan , Byrne Margaret E. , Deutsch Curtis K. , Mulliken John B. , Sullivan Stephen R. 
Published: July 2016

Objective To evaluate nasal symmetry using three-dimensional photogrammetry following primary tip rhinoplasty with or without an internal splint in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip/palate. Design We captured three-dimensional images of patients with unilateral complete cleft lip/palate who underwent nasolabial repair by rotation-advancement of the lip and primary tip rhinoplasty, either with or without an internal resorbable splint, and normal control subjects. We assessed nasal symmetry by identifying the plane of maximum symmetry and the root-mean-square deviation between native and reflected surfaces. Patients/Participants We imaged 38 controls and 38 subjects with repaired unilateral complete cleft lip/palate (20 with, 18 without an internal splint). Results Nasal asymmetry root-mean-square deviation clustered between 0.19 and 0.50 mm (median = 0.24 ± 0.08 mm) for controls; whereas, those with repaired unilateral complete cleft lip/palate ranged from 0.4 to 1.5 mm (median = 0.75 ± 0.40 mm). Although root-mean-square deviation ranges overlapped, patients with repaired unilateral complete cleft lip/palate had significantly greater asymmetry than controls ( P < .001). We found no difference in asymmetry between patients with or without an internal splint ( P = .5). Conclusions Three-dimensional photogrammetry was used to successfully compare symmetry among different patient and control groups. Although “normal” nasal symmetry was attained in some patients following cleft lip/nasal repair, most had persistent asymmetry compared with normal controls. Placement of a resorbable internal splint did not improve symmetry in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip/palate.
The Width of the Surgical Margin Does Not Influence Outcomes in Extremity and Truncal Soft Tissue Sarcoma Treated With Radiotherapy
Authors: Ahmad Rima , Jacobson Alex , Hornicek Francis , Haynes Alex B. , Choy Edwin , Cote Gregory , Nielsen G. Petur , Chen Yen-Lin , DeLaney Thomas F. , Mullen John T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground and Objectives.It is unclear whether the quantitative width of the surgical margin influences outcomes in patients with extremity and truncal soft tissue sarcoma (STS) treated with radiotherapy (RT).Methods.We performed a retrospective review of 382 patients with localized extremity or truncal STS who underwent limb-sparing surgery and RT from 1983 to 2010, and we analyzed the significance of resection margin status and quantitative margin width on outcomes.Results.Surgical margins were positive in 68 (18%) patients and negative in 314 (82%) patients. For those patients with a reported quantitative margin width (n = 235), the width of the negative margin was ≤1 mm (n = 128), &gt;1 mm and ≤5 mm (n = 79), and &gt;5 mm (n = 28). At a median follow-up of 82 months, the local recurrence rates were 5.4% and 11.8% for margin-negative and margin-positive patients, respectively. There were no differences in the rates of local or distant recurrence nor of any survival outcome based on the quantitative width of the surgical margin, provided that it was negative.Conclusions.In patients undergoing RT and limb-sparing surgery for STS, achieving a negative margin is essential for optimizing both local control and survival. However, the absolute quantitative width of the negative margin does not significantly influence outcome, and so attempts at wide margins of resection appear to be unnecessary. Importantly, the conclusions drawn from this study must not be applied to those patients undergoing surgery alone as the local treatment of their STS, in which case wider margins of resection may be necessary.
Integrating Palliative Care Into Comprehensive Cancer Centers: Consensus-Based Development of Best Practice Recommendations
Authors: Berendt Julia , Stiel Stephanie , Simon Steffen T. , Schmitz Andrea , van Oorschot Birgitt , Stachura Peter , Ostgathe Christoph 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground.International associations admit that specialized palliative care (SPC) is an obvious component of excellent cancer care. Nevertheless, gaps in integration at the international level have been identified. Recommendations for integrating SPC in clinical care, research, and education are needed, which are subject of the present study.Materials and Methods.A Delphi study, with three written Delphi rounds, including a face-to-face-meeting with a multiprofessional expert panel (n = 52) working in SPC in 15 German Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCCs) funded by the German Cancer Aid was initiated. Initial recommendations are built on evidence-based literature. Consensus was defined in advance with ≥80% agreement based on the question of whether each recommendation was unambiguously formulated, relevant, and realizable for a CCC.Results.A total of 38 experts (73.1%) from 15 CCCs performed all three Delphi rounds. Consensus was achieved for 29 of 30 recommendations. High agreement related to having an organizationally and spatially independent palliative care unit (≥6 beds), a mobile multiprofessional SPC team, and cooperation with community-based SPC. Until round 3, an ongoing discussion was registered on hospice volunteers, a chair of palliative care, education in SPC among staff in emergency departments, and integration of SPC in decision-making processes such as tumor boards or consultation hours. Integration of SPC in decision-making processes was not consented by a low-rated feasibility (76.3%) due to staff shortage.Conclusion.Recommendations should be considered when developing standards for cancer center of excellence in Germany. Definition and implementation of indicators of integration of SPC in CCCs and evaluation of its effectiveness are current and future challenges.
The Effect of Dyadic and Triadic Interaction on Iranian EFL Learners’ Oral Proficiency
Authors: Moradan Abbas , Ahmadian Nayereh 
Published: July 2016

Knowing about interaction and applying it among EFL learners, is one of the crucial and important factors which needs to be taken seriously in English education. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Dyadic and Triadic Interaction between young Iranian English learners and to find out how the different forms of interaction between the learners in classroom practice can enhance their oral proficiency by drawing on some theories such as Social Learning, Social Development Theory and Interaction Hypothesis. 61 Iranian young learners participated in the study, taking part in two interviews that were based on Young Learners English Test YLE Cambridge University (Starter). The subjects’ interactional behaviors were determined by the researcher with a checklist which named Learner’s Interaction. Multivariate and discriminate analyses of both experimental groups and control groups’ scores indicated that dyadic interaction between young learners could enhance their oral proficiency more effectively in comparison with that of control group in which all activities were conducted individually, but it didn’t improve learners’ oral proficiency significantly in comparison with Triadic interaction. The results can be used to pave the way for adopting effective educational planning and consequently enhancing teaching education system and improving teachers' practice and learning in EFL contexts.
Logistic Approach of Building and Development of Production Systems
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Technology and Business České Budějovice, Czech Republic, Kmec Ján , Valenčík Štefan , Gombár Miroslav , Karková Monika , Vagaská Alena 
Published: July 2016

The paper presents a complex of information aimed at automated production systems structures and simulation. For production systems intergrated structures formation it uses logistic principles for making the internal material flow among various logistic nodes more precise and effective, including respective information flow, here e. g. with use of integrable and compatibile handling and technological systems, as well.
Overdue: Medicaid and Private Insurance Coverage of Doula Care to Strengthen Maternal and Infant Health
Authors: Strauss Nan , Sakala Carol , Corry Maureen P. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTContinuous labor support by a trained doula has proven benefits and is recognized as an effective strategy to improve maternal and infant health, enhance engagement and satisfaction with maternity care, and reduce spending. Community-based doula programs can also reduce or eliminate health disparities by providing support to women most at risk for poor outcomes. The most effective way to increase use of this evidence-based service would be to eliminate cost barriers. Key recommendations identify numerous pathways to pursue Medicaid and private insurance coverage of doula care. This comprehensive and up-to-date inventory of reimbursement options provides the doula, childbirth, and quality communities, as well as policy makers, with many approaches to increasing access to this high-value form of care.
What Motivates People to Attend Birth Doula Trainings?
Authors: Gilliland Amy L. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTEighteen identified motivations for attending a birth doula training workshop were ranked by 467 participants (466 females, 1 male) in 2010 and 2013. Participants selected a variety of reasons but only 30% chose to “become a professional doula” as their main reason. Another 20% wanted to “become a midwife.” Remaining participants selected 16 other professional and personal motivations, such as “increase birth knowledge,” “understand my own births,” “make future births better,” and “help women have better births (not as a professional).” One quarter had not attended a birth or had a child. Besides career training, these workshops are filling a cultural gap in childbirth education for people who are not expectant parents, and who intend to use this knowledge in unanticipated ways.
Efficacy of Subgingivally Delivered 1.2% Atorvastatin in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Kumari Minal , Martande Santosh S. , Pradeep A.R. , Naik Savitha B. 
Published: July 2016

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate effectiveness of 1.2% atorvastatin (ATV) gel, as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of intrabony defects in chronic periodontitis (CP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2DM).Methods: Seventy‐five patients were categorized into two treatment groups: 1) SRP plus 1.2% ATV and 2) SRP plus placebo. Clinical parameters including modified sulcus bleeding index, probing depth (PD), and relative attachment level (RAL) were recorded at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months. Percentage radiographic defect depth reduction was evaluated using computer‐aided software at baseline and 6 and 9 months.Results: Mean PD reduction and mean RAL gain was greater in the ATV group than the placebo group at 3, 6, and 9 months. Furthermore, ATV group sites presented with a significantly greater percentage of radiographic defect depth reduction at 6 and 9 months.Conclusion: Locally delivered ATV was found to be effective in treatment of intrabony defects in CP in patients with t2DM.
Managing Contractor HSE Performance
Authors: Mohamed Zarei , Julaihi Saiee 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Petronas Carigali Sdn Berhad (PCSB) operates in 3 geographical areas in Malaysia, where all the producing fields are located offshore. In the international arena, PCSB operates in Vietnam, Turkmenistan, Sudan, Algeria, Angola, Myanmar, China and Iran, either as the operator or as a joint-venture partner.
During 1998, a total of 16 million manhours was recorded, of which about 50% was contributed by Contractors. In term of HSE performance, the year was marked by an increase in injurious accidents compared to the year before. Out of 42 recordable injury cases, 36 accidents or 86% were attributed to Contractors. This highlights the need for a more rigorous Contractor HSE management in the years ahead. This is a major task requiring concerted efforts from contract holders, line departments, site supervisors and the contractors, besides the constant advice from HSE department.
Some remedial measures have been implemented, i.e. including developing the PCSB Managing Contractor HSE Guideline; based on the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (formerly known as the E&P Forum) guidelines. There has been concerted effort made to implement this guideline, these includes:
▪ Instituting joint HSE Committee Meetings between PCSB and Contractors; ▪ Selection of Contractors based on HSE performance; ▪ Conducting Contractor HSE workshops; ▪ Development and tracking of Contractors’ HSE Plans; ▪ Annual recognition programme; ▪ Contractor near miss reporting initiative; ▪ Risk identification and mitigation; and ▪ Site inspection and auditing.
The implementation of these activities is paramount in raising the commitment towards HSE by the Contractors’ top management and to continuously impress upon the Contractors that PCSB's expectation on HSE is very high. PCSB anticipates that there will be some positive outcome in the Contractors HSE performance in the years ahead.
Biochar Field Study: Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Productivity, and Nutrients in Two Soils
Authors: Keith Alexandra , Singh Balwant , Dijkstra Feike A. , van Ogtrop Floris 
Published: July 2016

Application of biochar to soil has potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, store C for long‐term and provide agronomic benefits. However, the extent of these benefits are dependent on the type of biochar used and the environmental system in which it has been placed. While there are a large number of laboratory and glasshouse experiments, the number of biochar field studies is still limited. We conducted a 2‐yr field study to evaluate the effect of a wood‐based (blue mallee; Eucalyptus polybractea) biochar on GHG fluxes, pasture biomass, soil nutrient leaching, and nutrient uptake under different fertilizer rates in two soils (Arenosol and Cambisol) under a perennial pasture. Three rates of biochar were used in full factorial combination with 50 and 100% of the recommended fertilizer rate. Greenhouse gas fluxes (CO2, CH4, and N2O) were measured using static gas chambers on a monthly basis during the first year, then a bimonthly basis during the second year. Pasture biomass, nutrient uptake, and soil solution chemistry were determined on a regular basis over the 2‐yr period. The biochar induced no or minimal effects on GHG fluxes, pasture biomass, nutrient uptake or soil solution chemistry. In most instances, the significant differences between treatments were due to soil type. Fertilizer significantly increased pasture biomass for the first 8 mo, but thereafter there was no effect. There were also no adverse effects from the biochar. This biochar would be most suitable for enhancing soil C storage, as opposed to improving grassland production.Core Ideas

A wood‐based biochar was added to two soil types in a 2‐yr field study.
Biochar had minimal effect on soil greenhouse gas emissions.
Biochar had no effect on plant biomass or soil leachate nutrient concentration.
Green Manure Comparison between Winter Wheat and Corn: Weeds, Yields, and Economics
Authors: Snyder Elina M. , Karsten Heather D. , Curran William S. , Malcolm Glenna M. , Hyde Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2016

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) are leguminous crops (“green manure” hereafter), widely studied for their N2‐fixing contributions to cropping systems. Under certain circumstances they can provide weed control in cash crops. This study compared weed control, crop yields, herbicide use, and economic performance of these green manures in a no‐till winter cereal–green manure–corn (Zea mays L.) silage cropping sequence in central Pennsylvania. Red clover was interseeded into winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or rye (Secale cereale L.), while hairy vetch and triticale (X Triticosecale) were planted after winter cereal harvest. Compared to hairy vetch, red clover provided continuous soil cover between the winter cereal and corn and two herbicide applications could not be applied (one in wheat and one prior to seeding hairy vetch) to the red clover, reducing herbicide active ingredient use by 28%. Weed infestation in wheat and corn did not differ between green manure systems, but corn yield following red clover averaged 3320 kg ha−1more, and 2012 wheat yield was 180 kg ha−1 greater in the red clover sequence. Corn after hairy vetch–triticale had lower corn plant population in 2012–2013. Yield differences in corn in 2012 probably resulted from population differences. Primarily because of red clover forage value, the red clover system resulted in greater net returns to management by US$1360 ha−1, and even without the forage harvest, the red clover system would have been more profitable due to lower production costs.Core Ideas

As a green manure, red clover provided multiple benefits over hairy vetch and triticale.
Red clover underseeded in winter grain, produced continuous cover, forage, and higher corn yield.
Compared to hairy vetch and triticale, red clover controlled weeds with less herbicide.
Red clover was more profitable than hairy vetch.
Change in Carbon Storage in Soil Physical Fractions after Afforestation of Former Arable Land
Authors: Tong Xiaogang , Han Xinhui , Faqi Wu , Zhao Fazhu , Ren Chengjie , Li Jiao 
Published: July 2016

Core Ideas
Physical fractionation techniques were used to determine SOC changes in afforested soil.
This study improves understanding of the role of the soil physical fractions in C sequestration.
Afforestation with arbor could increase more C in soil physical fractions than with shrubland.
Carbon associated with mineral was the primary mechanism for C sequestration in afforested soil.
In the Loess Hill region of China, a large amount of arable land has been replaced by forest plantation, resulting in increased storage of soil organic C (SOC). To elucidate the mechanisms of SOC storage among the afforested lands, we separated SOC into four specific size/density fractions: coarse free particulate organic C (cfPOC), fine free POC (ffPOC), intra‐microaggregate POC (iPOC), and mineral–associated organic C (MOC). Soils were collected from arable land and from areas with four tree species—robinia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), poplar (Populus tomentosa Carrière), caragana (Caragana korshinskii Kom.), and buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)—in 15‐yr‐old stands. The total soil C stock to a depth of 100 cm was in the order robinia > poplar > caragana = buckthorn, and C increased by 7.9 to 18.2 Mg C ha‐1 compared with the arable land. Stocks of the cfPOC, iPOC, and MOC in the robinia and poplar land were also higher than that of the caragana and buckthorn land. Compared with the arable land, the MOC and cfPOC increased by 4.8 to 11.9 and 1.9 to 5.1 Mg C ha‐1, respectively, in all of the afforested lands, and the iPOC only increased by 0.8 Mg C ha‐1 in the robinia and poplar areas. However, the ffPOC increased by 0.9 Mg C ha‐1 in all four afforested lands. The differences of the SOC fractions among the four afforested lands occurred primarily because the planting of robinia and poplar increased the cfPOC and MOC in the 0‐ to 100‐cm soil profile, whereas caragana and buckthorn only increased cfPOC and MOC at depths of 0 to 20 cm and 0 to 60 cm, respectively. The total SOC fraction was composed of MOC (75.8%) > cfPOC (15.8%) > iPOC (4.0%) = ffPOC (4.3%). We conclude that the afforestation of former arable land with trees (robinia and poplar) can provide a greater increase in the SOC in the physical structure of the soil than shrubland (caragana and buckthorn), especially for the MOC.
Forms and Fluxes of Soil Organic Carbon Transport via Overland Flow, Interflow, and Soil Erosion
Authors: Hua Keke , Zhu Bo , Wang Xiaoguo , Tian Linlin 
Published: July 2016

Core Ideas
Interflow is another crucial route of soil organic carbon lateral transport.
Overland flow, interflow, and sediment contributed 5, 24, and 71%, respectively, of annual loss loads of soil organic carbon lateral transport.
Dissolved organic carbon is another important component for SOC lateral transport.
The contributions of hydrological pathways (including overland flow, interflow, and soil erosion) to lateral soil organic carbon (SOC) transport have remained unclear until now. Hillslopes were monitored using free‐draining lysimeters (8 m by 4 m) to quantify dissolved organic carbon (DOC) losses due to overland flow and interflow and the total organic carbon (TOC), water extractable organic carbon (WEOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and mineral‐associated organic carbon (MOC) fractions in sediments from sloping croplands containing Regosols in Southwest China. The average annual DOC losses due to overland flow and interflow were 158.8 ± 33.0 and 750.4 ± 79.3 mg C m–2, respectively, and the TOC lost with sediment was 2201.0 ± 429.2 mg C m‒2. Overland flow, interflow, and sediment accounted for 5, 24, and 71%, respectively, of the annual SOC losses. The average annual DOC, POC, and MOC loss fluxes were 918.6 ± 115.3, 375.2 ± 94.4, and 1816.4 ± 331.8 mg C m–2, respectively. The MOC contents in the sediments were positively correlated with rainfall, and the DOC concentrations in the interflow water were negatively correlated with rainfall. In conclusion, soil erosion is the dominant hydrological route for lateral SOC transport, and interflow is another crucial route that is usually underestimated. Soil organic C is mainly lost in the forms of MOC and DOC, which is an important component of water ecosystems. Therefore, the mitigation of SOC losses would be more effective if soil erosion and interflow conservation practices were adopted together, particularly for Regosols on hillslopes.