bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-Year Evolution of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Patients Initially Hospitalized in Cognitive Behavioral Units: The EVITAL Prospective Cohort
Authors: Rouch Isabelle , Pongan Elodie , Trombert Béatrice , Fabre Florence , Auguste Nicolas , Sellier Claire , Freulon Magalie , Jacqueline Sophie , Federico Denis , Mouchoux Christelle , Martin-Gaujard Géraldine , Krolak-Salmon Pierre , Laurent Bernard , Dorey Jean-Michel 
Published: February 2017

Background: The 2008–2012 French Alzheimer’s Plan has provided hospital Cognitive and Behavioral Units (CBU) to improve the management of patients with productive behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Little is known concerning the behavioral outcome of these patients after discharge. Objective: The present study investigated the long-term evolution of BPSD over one year after CBU discharge. Methods: The EVITAL cohort included 221 participants admitted to the CBUs of 3 French hospitals. BPSD were collected using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) at admission and 3, 6, and 12 months after hospitalization. The global NPI score evolution was assessed using a linear mixed-effect model. A four-factor model of the NPI including behavioral dyscontrol, psychosis, mood, and agitation subscores was also analyzed. Results: Our analysis focused on 148 patients followed up during 12 months and evaluated at each visit. The global NPI score was 48.5 (SD 21.7) at baseline, 28.8 (SD 18.7) at 3-month, 23.2 (SD 16.4) at 6-month and 20.9 (SD 15.9) at 12-month follow-up. The score significantly decreased from baseline to follow-up (F = 109.3 p < 0.0001). Moreover, the decrease was observed for each NPI subscores. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale score was significantly linked to the baseline NPI score ( t = 2.76, p = 0.009). Conversely, the NPI decline was observed whatever the CDR level. Conclusion: The present study showed a decrease in the global NPI score and all its subscores during the year following the CBU hospitalization, regardless of the initial CDR score.
Timing and Kinetics of Nonmotor Fluctuations in Advanced Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Ossig Christiana , Sippel Daniel , Fauser Mareike , Gandor Florin , Jost Wolfgang H. , Ebersbach Georg , Storch Alexander 
Published: February 2017

Background: Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) are known to fluctuate together with motor oscillations in advanced PD, but their timing and kinetics remains enigmatic. Objective: To evaluate timing and kinetics of NMS fluctuations. Methods: Analysis of diary data from 17 fluctuating PD patients. Diaries were completed by rating NMS as absent (defined herein as NMS On state) or present (NMS Off state) and motor function for every hour for 5 consecutive days. Timing and kinetics were analyzed by synchronizing motor Off periods and subsequent cross-classification of NMS Off periods for each motor Off hour into 2×2 contingency tables. Results: We found clear temporal connections of NMS Off periods with motor Off periods only for anxiety/depression, concentration/attention deficiency and bladder urgency. Psychiatric NMS Off periods had a longer duration (median: 3–4 hours) compared to motor Off periods (2 hours; P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test). Conclusions: Our data on timing and kinetics of NMS fluctuations show close temporal connection with motor Off periods only for mood and cognitive symptoms. Variances in both timing and/or kinetics of NMS fluctuations might explain both the weak/absent correlations of NMS and motor symptom severity in fluctuating patients and the rather low rates of simultaneous switches between On and Off states for NMS and motor function.
Afferent electrical stimulation during cycling improves spinal processing of sensorimotor function after incomplete spinal cord injury
Authors: Piazza Stefano , Serrano-Muñoz Diego , Gómez-Soriano Julio , Torricelli Diego , Segura-Fragosa Antonio , Pons José Luis , Taylor Julian 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE: Appropriate afferent feedback delivery during the execution of motor tasks is important for rehabilitation after incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). However, during leg-cycling therapy, the plantar afferent feedback is minimal. We hypothesize that the augmentation of sensory input by combining cycling with a locomotor-like stimulation of plantar cutaneous innervations (ES-cycling), might help to restore proper spinal processing of sensorimotor function. METHODS: Thirteen non-injured subjects and 10 subjects with iSCI performed 10 minutes of cycling and, on another session, of ES-cycling. To assess spinal processing of sensorimotor function, soleus H-reflex response was tested following a conditioning plantar electrical stimulation applied at 25–100 ms inter-stimulus intervals (ISI’s), measured before and after the execution of the tasks. RESULTS: Before tasks execution, the conditioned H-reflex response was modulated in non-injured subjects, and absent in subjects with iSCI; after cycling, modulation profiles were unchanged. However, after ES-cycling a significant increase in H-reflex excitability was observed in the non-injured group at 100 ms ISI ( p < 0.05), and in the iSCI group between 50–75 ms ISI ( p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The loss of reflex modulation in subjects with iSCI suggests reduced spinal processing of sensorimotor function. Reflex modulation recovery after ES-cycling may indicate the partial reactivation of these mechanisms.
Neurological and functional recovery in tuberculosis patients with spinal cord injury in The Netherlands
Authors: Wouda Eva M.N. , Stienstra Ymkje , van der Werf Tjip S. , Kerstjens Huib , de Lange Wiel C.M. , Coppes Maarten , Kuijlen Jos , Tepper Marga , Akkerman Onno W. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND: Spinal tuberculosis (TB) accounts for approximately 1% to 3% of all TB cases and it can cause a wide range of neurological symptoms, from none to a complete spinal cord injury (SCI), resulting in complete paraplegia or tetraplegia. OBJECTIVES: To describe the functional and neurological outcome of SCI caused by TB. METHODS: Retrospective data on the admission period was combined with prospectively collected data on long-term follow-up. Primary outcome was neurological outcome in terms of motor function. Secondary outcome measures were functional outcome in terms of level of independence and community participation. Results were compared to the outcome in patients with SCI due to trauma. RESULTS: Six TB patients with complete motor SCI (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) A or B) were compared to eighteen patients with traumatic SCI. Most TB patients regained almost full neurological function (median motor score improved from 50 to 100), and reached high levels of independence, whereas trauma patients did not improve neurologically (median motor score remained 50) and reached a plateau in level of independence. CONCLUSIONS: SCI due to tuberculosis in the Netherlands shows remarkable improvement in both neurological and functional outcome, especially compared with traumatic SCI.
Carbon Modular Orthosis (Ca.M.O.): An innovative hybrid modular ankle-foot orthosis to tune the variable rehabilitation needs in hemiplegic cerebral palsy
Authors: Tavernese E. , Petrarca M. , Rosellini G. , Di Stanislao E. , Pisano A. , Di Rosa G. , Castelli E. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND: Hemiplegic Celebral Palsy (CP) children commonly use AFO orthoses as walking aids. It is known that AFOs may have a detrimental effect on gait. To enhance mechanical properties of AFOs we developed an innovative, custom-made, carbon, ankle-foot orthosis (Ca.M.O) which offers the opportunity to tune its response to the patient’s gait characteristics and/or functional maturity. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of Ca.M.O. in improving gait in a group of hemiplegic CP children and to compare its performances with those of commonly prescribed AFO. METHODS: A clinical and instrumental gait analysis was performed on a group of 15 spastic hemiplegic children (WINTERS-GAGE type I-II) walking barefoot, with commonly prescribed AFOs and with Ca.M.O. Temporal, kinematic and kinetic data were collected with an 8 cameras optoelectronic system and 2 force plates. RESULTS: Studied variables were comparable walking with Ca.M.O. and with the commonly prescribed AFO and are significantly different ( p < 0.01) with respect to barefoot condition. CONCLUSIONS: Both types of orthoses normalize the kinematics of the first and second ankle rocker. The main advantage of Ca.M.O. is its modularity that allows to tune its effect on gait in relationship with the progress or involution of the child’s functional development.
Severe disorders of consciousness after acquired brain injury: A single-centre long-term follow-up study
Authors: Lopez-Rolon Alex , Vogler Jana , Howell Kaitlen , Shock Jonathan , Czermak Stefan , Heck Suzette , Straube Andreas , Bender Andreas 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVES: To assess long-term clinical outcome, functional independence and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in acquired brain injury (ABI) patients with a disorder of consciousness at admission to inpatient rehabilitation. METHODS: We selected patients from a cohort of ABI patients from a single centre. In addition to mortality, we measured level of consciousness with the Coma Remission Scale, functional independence with the Barthel Index, as well as generic and condition-specific HRQOL with the EQ5D and the “Quality of Life after Brain Injury” (QOLIBRI) respectively. RESULTS: Half of the obtained sample had died by follow-up. Survivors were younger at onset, in a minimally conscious state (MCS) at admission and had spent longer time in rehabilitation. Patients in a MCS were more likely to survive, and be in a state better than MCS over the follow-up time than patients with an unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS). A small proportion of patients with UWS at admission emerged from MCS at follow-up. Emergence from MCS was associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and higher functional independence. CONCLUSION: Clinical outcome is mostly concordant with previous findings. Survivors’ rehabilitation duration suggest revision of current standards. HRQOL results indicate a correlation with functional independence and that condition-specific HRQOL should not be neglected.
Molecular bases for phyllomorph development in a one‐leaf plant, Monophyllaea glabra
Authors: Ishikawa Naoko , Takahashi Hirokazu , Nakazono Mikio , Tsukaya Hirokazu 
Published: February 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The aboveground part of one‐leaf plants (Gesneriaceae) consists of a unique shoot‐like unit called a phyllomorph, which is composed of a growing lamina and one petiolode (a stem‐ and petiole‐like organ). The phyllomorph has three meristems: a basal meristem (BM; involved in lamina growth), a petiolode meristem (PM; required for midrib and petiolode growth), and a groove meristem (GM; contributes to inflorescence and new phyllomorph development). Although the GM has a tunica‐corpus structure like a conventional shoot apical meristem (SAM), the vegetative GM of a one‐leaf plant does not form any organ primordia and has been considered a defective or suppressed SAM. In this study, we evaluated the nature of the three meristems to reconsider their roles in phyllomorph development in the one‐leaf species Monophyllaea glabra.METHODS:Mitotic activities of meristem cells were monitored by incorporation of a thymidine analog (EdU) into DNA. Orthologs of SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) and PHANTASTICA, ROUGH SHEATH2, ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (PHAN/RS2/AS1) were isolated from M. glabra, and their expression patterns were investigated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in combination with a laser microdissection technique.KEY RESULTS:Mitotic activities were detected in all three phyllomorph meristems. Strong expression of the STM and PHAN/RS2/AS1 orthologs was detected in the vegetative GM and BM, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The vegetative GM is an active meristem that expresses the STM ortholog. We postulate that the GM is required for growth of a phyllomorph by providing undifferentiated cells and/or growth regulators to the BM and/or PM.
Ecological and evolutionary consequences of tri‐trophic interactions: Spatial variation and effects of plant density
Authors: Abdala‐Roberts Luis , Parra‐Tabla Víctor , Moreira Xoaquín , Ramos‐Zapata José 
Published: February 2017

PREMISE OF STUDY:The factors driving variation in species interactions are often unknown, and few studies have made a link between changes in interactions and the strength of selection.METHODS:We report on spatial variation in functional responses by a seed predator (SP) and its parasitic wasps associated with the herb Ruellia nudiflora. We assessed the influence of plant density on consumer responses and determined whether density effects and spatial variation in functional responses altered natural selection by these consumers on the plant. We established common gardens at two sites in Yucatan, Mexico, and planted R. nudiflora at two densities in each garden. We recorded fruit output and SP and parasitoid attack; calculated relative fitness (seed number) under scenarios of three trophic levels (accounting for SP and parasitoid effects), two trophic levels (accounting for SP but not parasitoid effects), and one trophic level (no consumer effects); and compared selection strength on fruit number under these scenarios across sites and densities.KEY RESULTS:There was spatial variation in SP recruitment, whereby the SP functional response was negatively density‐dependent at one site but density‐independent at the other; parasitoid responses were density‐independent and invariant across sites. Site variation in SP attack led, in turn, to differences in SP selection on fruit output, and parasitoids did not alter SP selection. There were no significant effects of density at either site.CONCLUSIONS:Our results provide a link between consumer functional responses and consumer selection on plants, which deepens our understanding of geographic variation in the evolutionary outcomes of multitrophic interactions.
Ultraviolet and Optical Emission Line Outflows in the Heavily Obscured Quasar SDSS J000610.67+121501.2: At the Scale of the Dusty Torus and Beyond
Authors: Zhang Shaohua , Zhou Hongyan , Shi Xiheng , Pan Xiang , Wang Ji , Jiang Ning , Ji Tuo , Jiang Peng , Liu Wenjuan , Wang Huiyuan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Broad emission line outflows of active galactic nuclei have been proposed for many years but are very difficult to quantitatively study because of the coexistence of the gravitationally bound and outflow emission. We present detailed analysis of a heavily reddened quasar, SDSS J000610.67+121501.2, whose normal ultraviolet broad emission lines (BELs) are heavily suppressed by the dusty torus as a natural “coronagraph,” and thus the blueshifted BELs (BBELs) can be reliably measured. The physical properties of the emission-line outflows are derived as follows: ionization parameter

, column density

cm−2, covering fraction of ∼0.1, and upper limit density of

cm−3. The outflow gases are located at least 41 pc away from the central engine, which suggests that they have expanded to the scale of the dust torus or beyond. Besides, Lyα shows a narrow symmetric component, to our surprise, which is undetected in any other lines. After inspecting the narrow emission line region and the star-forming region as the origin of the Lyα narrow line, we propose that the end result of outflows, diffusing gases in the larger region, acts as the screen of Lyα photons. Future high spatial resolution spectrometry and/or spectropolarimetric observations are needed to make a final clarification.
Continuum Foreground Polarization and Na i Absorption in Type Ia SNe*
Authors: Zelaya P. , Clocchiatti A. , Baade D. , Höflich P. , Maund J. , Patat F. , Quinn J. R. , Reilly E. , Wang L. , Wheeler J. C. , Förster F. , González-Gaitán S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present a study of the continuum polarization over the 400–600 nm range of 19 SNe Ia obtained with FORS at the VLT. We separate them into those that show Na i D lines at the velocity of their hosts and those that do not. Continuum polarization of the sodium sample near maximum light displays a broad range of values, from extremely polarized cases like SN 2006X to almost unpolarized ones like SN 2011ae. The non-sodium sample shows, typically, smaller polarization values. The continuum polarization of the sodium sample in the 400–600 nm range is linear with wavelength and can be characterized by the mean polarization (

). Its values span a wide range and show a linear correlation with color, color excess, and extinction in the visual band. Larger dispersion correlations were found with the equivalent width of the Na i D and Ca ii H and K lines, and also a noisy relation between

and R

V
, the ratio of total to selective extinction. Redder SNe show stronger continuum polarization, with larger color excesses and extinctions. We also confirm that high continuum polarization is associated with small values of R

V
. The correlation between extinction and polarization—and polarization angles—suggest that the dominant fraction of dust polarization is imprinted in interstellar regions of the host galaxies. We show that Na i D lines from foreground matter in the SN host are usually associated with non-galactic ISM, challenging the typical assumptions in foreground interstellar polarization models.
A Polarimetric Approach for Constraining the Dynamic Foreground Spectrum for Cosmological Global 21 cm Measurements
Authors: Nhan Bang D. , Bradley Richard F. , Burns Jack O. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The cosmological global (sky-averaged) 21 cm signal is a powerful tool to probe the evolution of the intergalactic medium in high-redshift universe (

). One of the biggest observational challenges is to remove the foreground spectrum which is at least four orders of magnitude brighter than the cosmological 21 cm emission. Conventional global 21 cm experiments rely on the spectral smoothness of the foreground synchrotron emission to separate it from the unique 21 cm spectral structures in a single total-power spectrum. However, frequency-dependent instrumental and observational effects are known to corrupt such smoothness and complicate the foreground subtraction. We introduce a polarimetric approach to measure the projection-induced polarization of the anisotropic foreground onto a stationary dual-polarized antenna. Due to Earth rotation, when pointing the antenna at a celestial pole, the revolving foreground will modulate this polarization with a unique frequency-dependent sinusoidal signature as a function of time. In our simulations, by harmonic decomposing this dynamic polarization, our technique produces two separate spectra in parallel from the same observation: (i) a total sky power consisting both the foreground and the 21 cm background and (ii) a model-independent measurement of the foreground spectrum at a harmonic consistent to twice the sky rotation rate. In the absence of any instrumental effects, by scaling and subtracting the latter from the former, we recover the injected global 21 cm model within the assumed uncertainty. We further discuss several limiting factors and potential remedies for future implementation.
Searching for Compact Radio Sources Associated with UCH ii Regions
Authors: Masqué Josep M. , Rodríguez Luis F. , Trinidad Miguel A. , Kurtz Stan , Dzib Sergio A. , Rodríguez-Rico Carlos A. , Loinard Laurent 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Ultra-compact (UC)H ii regions represent a very early stage of massive star formation. The structure and evolution of these regions are not yet fully understood. Interferometric observations showed in recent years that compact sources of uncertain nature are associated with some UCH ii regions. To examine this, we carried out VLA 1.3 cm observations in the A configuration of selected UCH ii regions in order to report additional cases of compact sources embedded in UCH ii regions. With these observations, we find 13 compact sources that are associated with 9 UCH ii regions. Although we cannot establish an unambiguous nature for the newly detected sources, we assess some of their observational properties. According to the results, we can distinguish between two types of compact sources. One type corresponds to sources that are probably deeply embedded in the dense ionized gas of the UCH ii region. These sources are photoevaporated by the exciting star of the region and will last for 104–105 years. They may play a crucial role in the evolution of the UCH ii region as the photoevaporated material could replenish the expanding plasma and might provide a solution to the so-called lifetime problem of these regions. The second type of compact sources is not associated with the densest ionized gas of the region. A few of these sources appear resolved and may be photoevaporating objects such as those of the first type, but with significantly lower mass depletion rates. The remaining sources of this second type appear unresolved, and their properties are varied. We speculate on the similarity between the sources of the second type and those of the Orion population of radio sources.
The Low-mass Population in the Young Cluster Stock 8: Stellar Properties and Initial Mass Function
Authors: Jose Jessy , Herczeg(沈雷歌) Gregory J. , Samal Manash R. , Fang(方其亮) Qiliang , Panwar Neelam 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The evolution of H ii regions/supershells can trigger a new generation of stars/clusters at their peripheries, with environmental conditions that may affect the initial mass function, disk evolution, and star formation efficiency. In this paper we study the stellar content and star formation processes in the young cluster Stock 8, which itself is thought to be formed during the expansion of a supershell. We present deep optical photometry along with JHK and 3.6 and 4.5 μm photometry from UKIDSS and Spitzer-IRAC. We use multicolor criteria to identify the candidate young stellar objects in the region. Using evolutionary models, we obtain a median log(age) of ∼6.5 (∼3.0 Myr) with an observed age spread of ∼0.25 dex for the cluster. Monte Carlo simulations of the population of Stock 8, based on estimates for the photometric uncertainty, differential reddening, binarity, and variability, indicate that these uncertainties introduce an age spread of ∼0.15 dex. The intrinsic age spread in the cluster is ∼0.2 dex. The fraction of young stellar objects surrounded by disks is ∼35%. The K-band luminosity function of Stock 8 is similar to that of the Trapezium cluster. The initial mass function (IMF) of Stock 8 has a Salpeter-like slope at >0.5 M
⊙ and flattens and peaks at ∼0.4 M
⊙, below which it declines into the substellar regime. Although Stock 8 is surrounded by several massive stars, there seems to be no severe environmental effect in the form of the IMF due to the proximity of massive stars around the cluster.