bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Season of birth affects juvenile survival of giraffe
Authors: Lee Derek Edward , Bond Monica Louise , Bolger Douglas Thomas 
Published: February 2017

AbstractVariation in timing of reproduction and subsequent juvenile survival often plays an important role in population dynamics of temperate and boreal ungulates. Tropical ungulates often give birth year round, but survival effects of birth season for tropical ungulate species are unknown. We used a population of giraffe in the Tarangire Ecosystem of northern Tanzania, East Africa to determine whether calf survival varied by season of birth. Variation in juvenile survival according to season of birth was significant, with calves born during the dry season experiencing the highest survival probability. Phenological match may confer a juvenile survival advantage to offspring born during the dry season from greater accumulated maternal energy reserves in mothers who conceive in the long rainy season, high‐protein browse in the late dry‐early short rainy seasons supplementing maternal and calf resources, reduced predation due to decreased stalking cover, or some combination of these. Asynchrony is believed to be the ancestral state of all ungulates, and this investigation has illustrated how seasonal variation in vegetation can affect juvenile survival and may play a role in the evolution of synchronous births.
Electrophoretic Deposition, Microstructure, and Corrosion Resistance of Porous Sol–Gel Glass/Polyetheretherketone Coatings on the Ti-13Nb-13Zr Alloy
Authors: Moskalewicz Tomasz , Zych Anita , Łukaszczyk Alicja , Cholewa-Kowalska Katarzyna , Kruk Adam , Dubiel Beata , Radziszewska Agnieszka , Berent Katarzyna , Gajewska Marta 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this study, microporous composite sol–gel glass/polyetheretherketone (SGG/PEEK) coatings were produced on the Ti-13Nb-13Zr titanium alloy by electrophoretic deposition. Coatings with different levels of high open porosity were developed by introducing SGG particles of varying diameters into the PEEK matrix. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized by electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The coatings with 40-50 µm thickness were composed of semicrystalline SGG particles consisting of hydroxyapatite, CaSiO3, some Ca2SiO4, and an amorphous phase containing Ca, Si, P, and O, homogeneously embedded in a semicrystalline PEEK matrix. The size of SGG particles present in the coatings strongly influenced the formation of microcracks and their adhesion to the underlying substrate. Microscratch tests showed that the coating containing SGG particles with a diameter smaller than 45 µm and open porosity of 45 pct exhibited good adhesion to the titanium alloy substrate, much better than the coating containing particles with a diameter smaller than 85 µm and total open porosity equal to 48 pct. The corrosion resistance was investigated in Ringer’s solution at a temperature of 310 K (37 °C) for a pH equal to 7.4 and in deaerated solutions with the use of open-circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The SGG/PEEK-coated alloy indicated better electrochemical corrosion resistance compared with the uncoated alloy.
Gestalt assessment of online educational resources may not be sufficiently reliable and consistent
Authors: Krishnan Keeth , Thoma Brent , Trueger N. Seth , Lin Michelle , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose Online open educational resources are increasingly used in medical education, particularly blogs and podcasts. However, it is unclear whether these resources can be adequately appraised by end-users. Our goal was to determine whether gestalt-based recommendations are sufficient for emergency medicine trainees and attending physicians to reliably recommend online educational resources to others.
Methods Raters (33 trainees and 21 attendings in emergency medicine from North America) were asked to rate 40 blog posts according to whether, based on their gestalt, they would recommend the resource to (1) a trainee or (2) an attending physician. The ratings’ reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Associations between groups’ mean scores were assessed using Pearson’s r. A repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) was completed to determine the effect of the level of training on gestalt recommendation scale (i. e. trainee vs. attending).
Results Trainees demonstrated poor reliability when recommending resources for other trainees (ICC = 0.21, 95% CI 0.13–0.39) and attendings (ICC = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.09–0.30). Similarly, attendings had poor reliability when recommending resources for trainees (ICC = 0.27, 95% CI 0.18–0.41) and other attendings (ICC = 0.22, 95% CI 0.14–0.35). There were moderate correlations between the mean scores for each blog post when either trainees or attendings considered the same target audience. The RM-ANOVA also corroborated that there is a main effect of the proposed target audience on the ratings by both trainees and attendings.
Fetal Intra-abdominal Cyst: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Munireddy Raja A. , Radhakrishnan Prathima 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA 26-year-old woman with spontaneous conception had “low risk” result in first-trimester screening. At the time of anomaly scan a large intra-abdominal cyst was seen in the fetus. However, the exact origin of the cyst could not be confirmed. Serial monitoring of the cyst was done by ultrasound scan and the size of the cyst remained stable throughout the pregnancy. The mother had a cesarean section at 36 weeks for obstetric reason. Investigations on the newborn suggested choledochal cyst but the laparotomy revealed dilated duodenum with multiple atretic bowel loops. Ladd’s procedure was performed but the baby died postoperatively.
Transcerebellar Diameter/Abdominal Circumference Ratio in Normal and Asymmetric Growth Restricted Fetuses: A Cross-sectional Analysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Vadera Khyati P. , Mehta Chetan M. , Morjaria Kartik S. , Fernandez Arpita 
Published: February 2017

Abstract Assessment of correct gestational age (GA) is vital in the management and prognosis of any pregnancy. The cerebellar size tends to remain unaffected or minimally affected in mild and moderate growth restriction Measurement of fetal transcerebellar diameter is a marker for estimation of GA. In government tertiary care centers, there are a lot of patients who would visit for the first ultrasound in the third trimester wherein there is a wide variation in calculation of GA as per ultrasound parameters. So to assess correct GA and diagnose asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), TCD/AC ratio can be included in routine antenatal scan apart from other parameters used. To evaluate the ratio between transcerebellar diameter (TCD) and abdominal circumference (AC) as a GA independent parameter in this study population in second and third trimester and diagnose asymmetric IUGR of fetuses based on it. This was a cross-sectional study where TCDs and AC of fetuses of 250 pregnancies between 16 and 40 weeks with single fetus were measured and TCD/AC ratios were calculated. In 242 normal fetuses, the ratio was 0.138 (±0.02) with a standard deviation of 0.010 irrespective of the GA. In eight fetuses in the present study the ratio was more than two standard deviations which indicate asymmetric IUGR. TCD/AC ratio is a reliable GA independent marker to assess growth of the fetuses and for near accurate diagnosis of asymmetric IUGR. The limitation of this study is the short sample size for IUGR fetuses.
Nurses and Health‐Promoting Behaviors: Knowledge May Not Translate Into Self‐Care
Authors: Ross Alyson , Bevans Margaret , Brooks Alyssa T. , Gibbons Susanne , Wallen Gwenyth R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNurses are knowledgeable regarding the importance of health‐promoting activities such as healthy eating, physical activity, stress management, sleep hygiene, and maintaining healthy relationships. However, this knowledge may not translate into nurses’ own self‐care. Nurses may not follow recommended guidelines for physical activity and proper nutrition. Long hours, work overload, and shift work associated with nursing practice can be stressful and contribute to job dissatisfaction, burnout, and health consequences such as obesity and sleep disturbances. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of research examining nurses’ participation in health‐promoting behaviors, including intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may influence nurses’ participation in these activities. This article also provides recommendations for perioperative nurse leaders regarding strategies to incorporate into the nursing workplace to improve the health of the staff nurses by increasing health‐promoting behaviors.
Addressing Perioperative Staff Member Fatigue
Authors: Battié Renae N. , Rall Hester , Khorsand Lorie , Hill Jodi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStaffing shortages among professionals in specialized health care and clinical situations that demand around‐the‐clock care make it challenging to address staff member fatigue. Many industries have developed restrictions on work hours to help reduce the effects of fatigue on safety. The perioperative specialty, however, often requires personnel to work long hours, offers limited resources for specialized professionals, and employs on‐call schedules that can be demanding. This article discusses research and additional information related to fatigue and how it can affect perioperative patient care. It also describes how one group of nursing staff members developed tools to help identify and respond to perioperative staff member fatigue.
Clinical Issues‐ March 2017
Authors: Van Wicklin Sharon A. 
Published: February 2017

This MonthUsing one flexible endoscope for an upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy procedureKey words: flexible endoscope, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, enteroscope, risk assessment.Enhanced methods for processing flexible duodenoscopesKey words: flexible duodenoscopes, liquid chemical sterilization, ethylene oxide sterilization, low‐temperature sterilization, risk assessment.Modification of the Spaulding classificationKey words: Spaulding classification, critical items, semicritical items, mucous membranes, risk assessment.Flushing flexible endoscope lumens with alcoholKey words: flexible endoscopes, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, fixative, risk assessment.Using chlorine dioxide wipes for nonchanneled flexible endoscopesKey words: nonchanneled flexible endoscopes, high‐level disinfectant, chlorine dioxide, risk assessment.
Environmental Managers and Institutional Work: Reconciling Tensions of Competing Institutional Logics
Authors: Dahlmann Frederik , Grosvold Johanne 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT:Firms face a variety of institutional logics and one important question is how individuals within firms manage these logics. Environmental managers in particular face tensions in reconciling their firms’ commercial fortunes with demands for greater environmental responsiveness. We explore how institutional work enables environmental managers to respond to competing institutional logics. Drawing on repeated interviews with 55 firms, we find that environmental managers face competition between a market-based logic and an emerging environmental logic. We show that some environmental managers embed the environmental logic alongside the market logic through variations of creation and disruption, thus over time creating institutional change, which can result in blended logics. Others, however, pursue a strategy of status quo or disengagement through maintenance or other forms of disruption, where the two logics coexist in principle but not in practice; instead the market logic retains its dominance. We discuss the implications of our findings for research.
Diet-induced milk fat depression is associated with alterations in ruminal biohydrogenation pathways and formation of novel fatty acid intermediates in lactating cows
Authors: Ventto Laura , Leskinen Heidi , Kairenius Piia , Stefański Tomasz , Bayat Ali R. , Vilkki Johanna , Shingfield Kevin J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe biohydrogenation theory of milk fat depression (MFD) attributes decreases in milk fat in cows to the formation of specific fatty acids (FA) in the rumen.Trans-10,cis-12-CLA is the only biohydrogenation intermediate known to inhibit milk fat synthesis, but it is uncertain if increased ruminal synthesis is the sole explanation of MFD. Four lactating cows were used in a 4×4 Latin square with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments and 35-d experimental periods to evaluate the effect of diets formulated to cause differences in ruminal lipid metabolism and milk fat synthesis on the flow of FA and dimethyl acetal at the omasum. Treatments comprised total mixed rations based on grass silage with a forage:concentrate ratio of 35:65 or 65:35 containing 0 or 50 g/kg sunflower oil (SO). Supplementing the high-concentrate diet with SO lowered milk fat synthesis from −20·2 to −31·9 % relative to other treatments. Decreases in milk fat were accompanied by alterations in ruminal biohydrogenation favouring thetrans-10 pathway and an increase in the formation of specific intermediates includingtrans-4 totrans-10-18 : 1,trans-8,trans-10-CLA,trans-9,cis-11-CLA andtrans-10,cis-15-18 : 2. Flow oftrans-10,cis-12-CLA at the omasum was greater on high- than low-concentrate diets but unaffected by SO. In conclusion, ruminaltrans-10,cis-12-CLA formation was not increased on a diet causing MFD suggesting that other biohydrogenation intermediates or additional mechanisms contribute to the regulation of fat synthesis in the bovine mammary gland.
CHLOROPHYLLMETER-BASED NITROGEN MANAGEMENT OF WHEAT IN EASTERN INDIA
Authors: GHOSH MAINAK , SWAIN DILLIP KUMAR , JHA MADAN KUMAR , TEWARI VIRENDRA KUMAR 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYTopdressing of N fertilizer, whenever leaf greenness, as measured by Chlorophyllmeter (SPAD), falls below the threshold value can be used for site-specific N management in wheat cultivation. Herein, a field experiment was conducted to analyse the effect of SPAD-based N management on wheat productivity and N use efficiency during the dry season of 2010/11 and 2011/12 on acid lateritic soil of eastern India. The experiment had 12 treatments, with nine treatments combining three SPAD thresholds (38, 40 and 42) and three N levels (15, 25 and 35 kg N ha−1) as real time N management (RTNM), one fixed time N management (FTNM), one farmers’ fertilizer practise (FFP) and control (Zero N), with three replications. The grain yield of RTNM ranged from 90 to 113% as that of FTNM, but using considerably less N. Maintaining SPAD threshold of 40 up to heading stage by topdressing 25 kg N ha−1 at each time (N25S40) caused the highest grain yield (4483 kg ha−1). While saving 22.5 kg N ha−1 (18.8%), N25S40 increased agronomic N use efficiency by 58.5%, nitrogen recovery efficiency by 15.1% and partial factor productivity of applied N by 26.4% when compared with conventional fertilizer recommendations (i.e. FTNM). The SPAD-based N management strategy was found very promising in efficiently managing N fertilizer in wheat for improving wheat productivity and N use efficiency.
PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WEEDS AS A FUNCTION OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES APPLIED TO RICE GROWN UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
Authors: CONCENÇO G. , ANDRES A. , TELÓ G. M. , MARTINS M. B. , MOISINHO I. S. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYWe aimed to characterize the weed community in sprinkler irrigated rice, previously applied with residual herbicides for two years, as well as to infer about sustainability of the management applied to the fields based on an ecological approach. The experiment was conducted during the cropping seasons 2013/14 and 2014/15, under sprinkler irrigation. Rice was planted in the second-half of October, using the cultivar PUITA INTA CL. Herbicides were applied in pre- and post-emergence (sequential application) of crop and weeds. Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was planted in winter. In May 2015, soil samples were collected for the soil seed bank study. Phytosociological characterization of weeds emerged from the seed bank was conducted from May 2015 to January 2016, until soil seed bank depletion. Echinochloa crusgalli, Fimbristyllis sp., Cyperus esculentus and Killinga brevifolia were the weeds to which most concern should be directed when growing rice under sprinkler irrigation in lowland areas of Southern Brazil. Their competition strategies are based on density. Herbicides used should be efficient in controlling at least these four weed species. A selecting action of herbicides on weed species was botanically characterized, as the weed species reported after two cropping seasons depended on the herbicide treatment applied.
RETHINKING THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION OF 1649
Authors: FITZGIBBONS JONATHAN 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIt is generally assumed that the kingless Commonwealth established in 1649 was the unforeseen consequence of the regicide: an expedient taken hesitantly and nothing more than a stop-gap. ‘Republicanism’ was a minority position even among those who remained at Westminster during the dramatic events of 1648–9: the majority remained committed to monarchical forms of government. By reappraising the surviving evidence, this article proposes a radically different account of the genesis of the Commonwealth regime. Not only were preparations already underway in the weeks before Charles I's death that helped to pave the way for government without a king, but also the decision to abolish kingship after the regicide was itself taken relatively quickly, with no discernible signs of hesitation. Even if few who defended or served the Commonwealth were republican, this need not mean that the majority were attached to monarchy. Rather, many of those who supported the regime, drawing upon the experiences and ideas of 1640s parliamentarianism, claimed that the form of government was only ever of secondary importance in comparison to its substance. They did not think kingship was inherently unlawful, but they did not believe it was absolutely necessary either.
Crude glycerine as an alternative energy feedstuff for beef cattle grazing tropical pasture
Authors: SOCREPPA L. M. , MORAES K. A. K. , OLIVEIRA A. S. , BATISTA E. D. , DROSGHIC L. C. A. B. , BOTINI L. A. , PAULA D. C. , STINGUEL H. , BENTO F. C. , MORAES E. H. B. K. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYThe purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of crude glycerine (CG, 810·9 g glycerol/kg) replacing dry ground maize on intake, digestibility, microbial nitrogen (N) synthesis and N utilization in grazing beef cattle. Five Nellore bulls (332 ± 29·6 kg initial body weight (BW)) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The animals grazed five Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) paddocks of approximately 0·32 ha. Five supplements were evaluated: mineral supplementation (control, only ad libitum access to a mineral mixture) and 4 g of protein-energy supplementation/kg of BW with four levels of CG (0, 330, 660 and 1000 g/kg) replacing dry ground maize. Bulls that received protein-energy supplementation had greater organic matter (OM) pasture and digested OM (DOM) intakes than the control. No differences were observed among CG levels with regard to OM pasture, neutral detergent fibre and DOM intakes. However, ether extract intake increased linearly as CG levels increased. Protein-energy supplementation enhanced efficiency of microbial N synthesis, N balance and ammonia concentration, but they were not influenced by the CG levels. In conclusion, partial or total replacement of dry ground maize by CG in protein-energy supplements for grazing beef cattle exerted no changes on pasture intake, digestibility and N utilization. Therefore, the use of CG as an energy source in supplements for grazing cattle can be recommended.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY COMPOSITION, SOMATOTYPE AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN CHILEAN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AT DIFFERENT SCHOOL LEVELS
Authors: Lizana Pablo A. , González Sofia , Lera Lydia , Leyton Bárbara 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis study examined the association between body composition, somatotype and socioeconomic status (SES) in Chilean children and adolescents by sex and school level (grade). The cross-sectional study was conducted on 1168 schoolchildren aged 6–18 years (572 males) from Valparaíso, Chile. Body composition, as assessed by percentage body fat (BF%) and somatotype, was evaluated using Ellis equations and the Heath–Carter method, respectively. The socioeconomic status of respondents was assessed using the ESOMAR survey. Obesity was defined as BF% ≥25 for boys and ≥30 for girls; ‘high endomorph’ somatotype was defined as a somatotype endomorph component (EC) of at least 5.5. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between high adiposity and SES, potential confounding factors and school level. In females, the results indicated that the groups with lower SES had higher EC. At the 1st(youngest) school level (1–4thgrades), males exhibited similar trends in their BF% and EC. High adiposity was associated with the female sex (BF%: OR=3.39; 95% CI 2.60, 4.41; high EC: OR=2.31; 95% CI 1.80, 2.98). In addition, low SES increased the risk of high adiposity compared with high SES (BF%: OR=2.25; 95% CI 1.40, 3.61; high EC: OR=2.19; 95% CI 1.37, 3.47). An association was observed between increased adiposity and lower SES, mainly in females, which indicates that females with low SES might be at greater risk of obesity.
Use of intranasal corticosteroids in adenotonsillar hypertrophy
Authors: Sakarya E U , Bayar Muluk N , Sakalar E G , Senturk M , Aricigil M , Bafaqeeh S A , Cingi C 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectives:This review examined the efficacy of intranasal corticosteroids for improving adenotonsillar hypertrophy.Method:The related literature was searched using PubMed and Proquest Central databases.Results:Adenotonsillar hypertrophy causes mouth breathing, nasal congestion, hyponasal speech, snoring, obstructive sleep apnoea, chronic sinusitis and recurrent otitis media. Adenoidal hypertrophy results in the obstruction of nasal passages and Eustachian tubes, and blocks the clearance of nasal mucus. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy and obstructive sleep apnoea are associated with increased expression of various mediators of inflammatory responses in the tonsils, and respond to anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids. Topical nasal steroids most likely affect the anatomical component by decreasing inspiratory upper airway resistance at the nasal, adenoidal or tonsillar levels. Corticosteroids, by their lympholytic or anti-inflammatory effects, might reduce adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Intranasal corticosteroids reduce cellular proliferation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a tonsil and adenoid mixed-cell culture system.Conclusion:Intranasal corticosteroids have been used in adenoidal hypertrophy and adenotonsillar hypertrophy patients, decreasing rates of surgery for adenotonsillar hypertrophy.