bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ways to wellbeing in postgraduate research students: interactions with positive perceptions of relationships with university staff
Authors: Gooding Patricia , Crook Rebecca , Westwood Melissa , Peters Sarah 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
Understanding ways to foster wellbeing in postgraduate-research students (PGRs) requires focus especially with respect to positive relationship formation with supervisory teams. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore six different ways of nurturing wellbeing; perceptions of positive relationships with supervisory teams; and interactions between these factors.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 155 PGRs completed questionnaires at baseline and six months. The predictor variables were six ways of nurturing wellbeing; the outcome variable was psychological wellbeing appraisals overall; and the moderator variables were positive perceptions of relationships with key staff.

Findings
The most effective ways of nurturing wellbeing were Noticing and Being Aware; Discovering and Learning; Connecting with Others; and Being Healthy and Safe. Over time, Noticing and Being Aware predicted psychological wellbeing appraisals overall. Positive relationships with supervisors, co-supervisors and work peers were associated with wellbeing appraisals. Furthermore, positive relationships with co-supervisors most convincingly strengthened the relationships between wellbeing appraisals and Noticing and Being Healthy cross-sectionally, and Giving longitudinally.

Research limitations/implications
It is concerning that PGRs are often overlooked when developing policies and strategies to combat mental health problems. Rather than simply focusing on diminishing mental health problems, the current work evidences ways of optimizing positive aspects of PGR experiences by actively nurturing wellbeing in tandem with enhancing relationships with supervisory team members. However, such initiatives have to be an investment at institutional, as well as individual levels.

Originality/value
Examining the interactions between nurturing positive wellbeing in PGRs and positive relationships with supervisory team members is under-researched.
Identifying control intensities to overcome aquatic invader resilience across a range of ecosystem sizes
Authors: Wallace Ellie , Walsworth Timothy E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Populations of invasive species continue to expand globally, causing extensive ecological and economic damages and are thus frequently the focus of control efforts. To effectively control invasive species populations, management agencies need to apply efforts that will overcome the population's resistance and resilience to disturbance. For aquatic invasive species, initial control efforts often use mechanical removals, which are frequently challenged by size‐selectivity of gears used. Consequently, successful control often requires additional or alternative strategies. Identifying the scale at which alternative strategies need to be applied to benefit control efforts is critical to effective allocation of limited resources.

Here, we use a simulation modelling approach to characterize the effect of ecosystem size (as an index of resistance) and population productivity (as an index of resilience) on the effectiveness of a non‐size‐selective method, targeted poison bait, for invader control. We examine the population‐level response to a range of control effort intensities across a range of ecosystem sizes and population productivities. Further, we use our approach to address a case study of ongoing common carp (Cyprinus carpio) control in a very large, shallow lake (Utah Lake, UT, USA), where mechanical removal has been challenged by compensatory recruitment, gear limitations and dynamic lake conditions.

Poison bait quantities required annually to meet population reduction targets increased linearly with increasing ecosystem size and population productivity. Critically, we identify the presence of minimum effort levels below which management has no impact on long‐term invader biomass, and these minimum effort levels increase with ecosystem size and population productivity.

In our case study at Utah Lake, successful carp control would require long‐term application of >11 t of poison bait annually and would require a 65–485× increase in historic annual budget, depending on acceptable level of risk and timeline to success.

Synthesis and applications. Our analysis highlights the challenges presented by highly productive invasive species occupying large ecosystems, and the critical need to appropriately scale control efforts to produce the desired impact on target populations. Failure to appropriately scale control efforts can result in expensive long‐term control programs which produce no long‐term impact on target populations.
A policy and quantitative analysis of U.S. climate policy from a global perspective
Authors: Suárez‐Cuesta David , Latorre Maria C. , Yonezawa Hidemichi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe analyze a recent significant shift in United States (US) climate policy focusing on a landmark law: the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). To put the IRA in context, we adopt a three‐pronged approach. First, we describe the portfolio of economic policies available to address climate change, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages in an intuitive manner. Second, we reflect on US climate policies prior to the IRA and compare them to those of other major players, such as the European Union and China. Third, we offer a quantitative estimation of the IRA's impact on the US economy. We compare the IRA's green subsidies with the effects of a potential carbon pricing policy that achieves the same reduction in CO2 emissions. Our Computable General Equilibrium simulations account for various channels affecting the efficiency of climate policies, indicating that carbon pricing would be a more efficient approach. There are good reasons why both the EU and China and have opted for this mechanism. We highlight the challenges faced by the US and other countries, including those stemming from political feasibility, which hinder quicker advances in the green transition.
Feasible sampling plan for the whitefly Bemisia tabaci in bell pepper crops
Authors: da Silva Lima Mikaelison , Pancieri Guilherme Pratissoli , das Graças do Carmo Daiane , de Araújo Tamíris Alves , da Silva Paes Jhersyka , Ramos Rodrigo Soares , Picanço Marcelo Coutinho 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) play a key role in food production, commerce, and society, with smallholder farmers being the 36 primary cultivators. However, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) poses a significant threat to bell pepper crops. Traditional control methods rely heavily on the application of insecticides, resulting in increased production costs and ecological concerns. To address this issue, the establishment of decision‐making systems, starting with effective sampling plans, is crucial.
This study aimed to develop a practical sampling strategy for assessing B. tabaci populations at different growth stages of bell pepper crops, including vegetative, flowering, and fruiting stages.
Over a 4‐year period, commercial bell pepper fields were monitored to determine the optimal sampling technique and sample size.
Results indicated that sampling the apical third of the plant's leaves and shaking the plants onto a white plastic tray yielded the most accurate samples. Pest densities followed a negative binomial distribution pattern, with a consistent aggregation parameter (Kc = 0.3339) across all fields. Therefore, assessing 78 plants per field was deemed necessary. The sampling procedure incurred a cost of up to $1.12 per hectare and required approximately 24 min.
The simplicity, ease of execution, and low cost of the developed sampling strategy make it suitable for integration into comprehensive pest management programs.
Care pathways for reduced fetal movements: A cost‐consequence analysis
Authors: Mcknoulty Matthew J. , Martin Elizabeth K. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the costs and consequences of a new midwife‐navigator‐facilitated care pathway for reduced fetal movements.Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted at a tertiary obstetric centre in Queensland, Australia and modelling occurred for this and smaller services. Two months of data from pre (n = 112 in 2019) and post (n = 141 in 2020) implementation of the care pathway were analysed with T‐tests and logistic regression models to evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes. A Markov model was built to estimate the costs and consequences of the intervention. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to test various scenarios including modelling for smaller centres.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in clinical outcome between the intervention and usual care groups. Intervention patients spent one hour and eight minutes less time in hospital (P < 0.001). This resulted in a saving to the centre of AU$135 per patient (AU$159 083 annually). One‐way sensitivity analysis suggested that cost savings would be found in all scenarios except for smaller units providing services for less than 1900 births per annum.Conclusion(s)To our knowledge, no other care pathway involving acute obstetric care has been economically evaluated to date. Our model based on real‐world presentations for reduced fetal movements confirms that midwife‐navigators may be an economically beneficial implementation strategy for dealing with common obstetric conditions.
Epicutaneous immunotherapy for the treatment of peanut allergy
Authors: Ravindran Mayuran , Sampson Hugh A. , Kim Edwin H. , Bee Katharine J. , Green Todd D. , Burks A. Wesley 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPeanut allergy treatment options remain limited, but novel approaches are being studied, including epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT). EPIT uses the cutaneous immune system to promote tolerance to food allergens. Viaskin™ Peanut, an approach to EPIT in late‐stage clinical development uses an occlusive patch with a condensation chamber that enables natural epidermal water loss to solubilize dry antigen on the patch, which is then absorbed and captured by skin Langerhans cells. This form of EPIT does not require disruption of the skin barrier, thus avoiding a proinflammatory cytokine response by targeting the nonvascularized epidermis and limiting systemic allergen exposure. Extensive preclinical research suggests that Viaskin Peanut has a distinct mechanism of desensitization, including the potential for disease modification, driven by a unique population of regulatory T cells. Numerous clinical studies of Viaskin Peanut have demonstrated desensitization and reductions in reaction severity, particularly in children aged 1 through 11 years, as well as a favorable safety profile with mostly mild‐to‐moderate skin reactions that were observed to decrease over time. EPIT with Viaskin Peanut may be a potential therapeutic option for peanut allergy that is clinically practical with long‐term efficacy and tolerability.
Comparison of distal extremity magnetic resonance imaging findings in Australian racing Standardbreds and Thoroughbreds
Authors: Stutsel M , Jordan L , Smith C , Lee WY , Symonds N , Bell RJW , Young A 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionFoot‐related lameness is common in Standardbred and Thoroughbred racehorses. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides information on both the soft tissue and osseous structures of the distal extremity. The aim of this study was to determine whether abnormalities identified on distal limb MRI differed between these two racehorse populations.Materials and MethodsThe records of Standardbred and Thoroughbred racehorse distal extremity MRI examinations conducted at Camden Equine Centre and Ballarat Veterinary Practice between 2013 and 2023 were retrieved. Horses were included if pain causing lameness had been localised to the foot using perineural or intra‐articular analgesia. MRI abnormalities of the structures within the distal extremity were recorded and comparisons made between the two groups.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the rate of occurrence of certain MRI abnormalities between the Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorse populations, including distal phalangeal fractures, proximal phalangeal short tau inversion recovery (STIR) hyperintensity (distal aspect), the presence and severity of ungular cartilage ossification, abnormalities of the navicular bone distal border synovial invaginations/vascular channels and navicular bone distal border fragments. The presence of distal extremity STIR hyperintensity and fractures was significantly higher in Standardbred compared to Thoroughbred racehorses when these findings were grouped and considered in combination.ConclusionThere were many similarities in the distal extremity MRI abnormalities identified in lame Australian Standardbred and Thoroughbred racehorses. However, distal phalangeal fractures, ungular cartilage ossification and distal extremity STIR hyperintensity were identified in significantly more in Standardbred than Thoroughbred racehorses.
Leveraging non‐coding regions to guarantee the accuracy of small‐sized panel‐based tumor mutational burden estimates
Authors: Nishino Takahiro , Yumura Mio , Sunami Kuniko , Kubo Takashi , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Yasuda Tomoyo , Furukawa Eisaku , Nagai Momoko , Yatabe Yasushi , Kato Mamoru , Kohno Takashi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccurate estimation of tumor mutational burden (TMB) as a predictor of responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors in gene panel assays requires an adequate panel size. The current calculations of TMB only consider coding regions, while most of gene panel assays interrogate non‐coding regions. Leveraging the non‐coding regions is a potential solution to address this panel size limitation. However, the impact of including non‐coding regions on the accuracy of TMB estimates remains unclear. This study investigated the validity of leveraging non‐coding regions to supplement panel size using the OncoGuide NCC Oncopanel System (NOP). The aim of this study was to evaluate test performance against orthogonal assays and the association with responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors was not included in the evaluation. We compared TMB status and values between TMB calculated only from coding regions (NOP‐coding) and from both coding and non‐coding regions (NOP‐overall) using whole exome sequencing (WES) and FoundationOne®CDx (F1CDx) assay. Our findings revealed that NOP‐overall significantly improved the overall percent agreement (OPA) with TMB status compared with NOP‐coding for both WES (OPA: 96.7% vs. 73.3%, n = 30) and F1CDx (OPA: 90.0% vs. 73.3%). Additionally, the mean difference in TMB values compared with WES was lower for NOP‐overall (3.55 [95% CI: 0.98–6.13]) than for NOP‐coding (6.22 [95% CI: 3.73–8.70]). These results exemplify the utility of incorporating non‐coding regions to maintain accurate TMB estimates in small‐sized panels.
Rethinking spatial history: envisioning a mechanistic historical biogeography
Authors: Schultz Eduardo D. , Cracraft Joel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHistorical biogeography is the study of geographic distributions of taxa through space and time. Over the last 50 years, several methods have been proposed to reconstruct these histories. However, despite their particularities, conceptually they have been most often derived from the reconstruction of area relationships. Here we advocate that area cladograms lack explanatory power and that biogeography needs to move towards a more mechanistic approach. We discuss the ontological problems related to areas of endemism and their validity as biogeographic units. Specifically, we propose that areas of endemism are not discrete historical entities and that area‐based analyses are inappropriate for analytical biogeography. Instead, we suggest that biogeographic analyses should focus on those spatial–geographic elements that cause diversification, namely barriers. We discuss how barriers have more discrete boundaries in space and time than do areas of endemism, which allows the identification of homologous units and the recovery of vicariant events. Reconstructing the history of vicariant events results in a better understanding of spatial evolution within a biota because barrier formation is the relevant causal mechanism of diversification. We end by acknowledging the largely ignored views of Peter Hovenkamp and his conceptual contributions to developing a mechanistic biogeography.
Functional Brain Adaptations During Speech Processing in 4‐Month‐Old Bilingual Infants
Authors: Blanco Borja , Molnar Monika , Arrieta Irene , Caballero‐Gaudes César , Carreiras Manuel 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTLanguage learning is influenced by both neural development and environmental experiences. This work investigates the influence of early bilingual experience on the neural mechanisms underlying speech processing in 4‐month‐old infants. We study how an early environmental factor such as bilingualism interacts with neural development by comparing monolingual and bilingual infants’ brain responses to speech. We used functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure 4‐month‐old Spanish‐Basque bilingual and Spanish monolingual infants’ brain responses while they listened to forward (FW) and backward (BW) speech stimuli in Spanish. We reveal distinct neural signatures associated with bilingual adaptations, including increased engagement of bilateral inferior frontal and temporal regions during speech processing in bilingual infants, as opposed to left hemispheric functional specialization observed in monolingual infants. This study provides compelling evidence of bilingualism‐induced brain adaptations during speech processing in infants as young as 4 months. These findings emphasize the role of early language experience in shaping neural plasticity during infancy suggesting that bilingual exposure at this young age profoundly influences the neural mechanisms underlying speech processing.
Prospective Interrelation Between Sensory Sensitivity and Fine Motor Skills During the First 18 Months Predicts Later Autistic Features
Authors: Capelli Elena , Crippa Alessandro , Riboldi Elena Maria , Beretta Carolina , Siri Eleonora , Cassa Maddalena , Molteni Massimo , Riva Valentina 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSensory features are included in the diagnostic criteria of autism and atypical sensory responsiveness may produce “cascading effects” on later development. Similarly, autistic individuals often struggle with motor coordination and early delays in the motor domain appear to be linked to later development. However, the longitudinal interrelation between early sensory profiles and motor features on later socio‐communicative skills remains to be defined. This study aimed to investigate whether sensory sensitivity impacts fine motor abilities and vice versa from 12 to 18 months of age and to examine how sensory‐motor interplay would be associated with later autistic traits at 24–36 months of age. The sample included 118 infant siblings of autistic children recruited at 12 months of age. Sensory sensitivity and eye–hand coordination were assessed at 12 and 18 months of age and autistic traits were evaluated at 24–36 months of age. Cross‐lagged panel analysis revealed significant within‐domain effects for sensory sensitivity and eye–hand coordination from 12 to 18 months. Furthermore, a significant association between these two domains on later autistic traits was found. In analyzing the longitudinal bidirectional relationship, we found that lower eye–hand coordination skills at 12 months predicted later sensory sensitivity at 18 months, and in turn, social communication skills at 24–36 months. The present study offers new empirical evidence supporting the potential clinical value of including sensory and motor measures besides social communication skills within early autism surveillance programs.
Lamotrigine for cognitive deficits associated with neurofibromatosis type 1: A phase II randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Ottenhoff Myrthe J. , Mous Sabine E. , Castricum Jesminne , Rietman André B. , Oostenbrink Rianne , van der Vaart Thijs , Tulen Joke H. M. , Parra Alba , Ramos Federico J. , Legius Eric , Moll Henriette A. , Elgersma Ype , de Wit Marie‐Claire Y. ,   ENCORE Expertise Center for NF1
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo find proof‐of‐principle evidence for short‐term treatment with lamotrigine to improve cognitive functioning of adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).MethodThis was a double‐blind, parallel‐group, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial (the NF1‐EXCEL trial: Examining the Cognitive and Electrophysiological benefit of Lamotrigine in Neurofibromatosis type 1; Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02256124), with the aim of enrolling 60 adolescents with NF1 aged 12 to 17  years 6 months. The short‐term study intervention was 200 mg of lamotrigine taken orally for 26 weeks. The primary outcome was performance IQ tested with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Third Edition, complemented with secondary outcomes for visuospatial learning efficacy, visual perception, visual sustained attention, fine motor coordination, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity problems, and executive functioning.ResultsWe screened 402 adolescents with NF1, of whom 31 (eight females) entered the study. Complete‐case analysis showed no effect of lamotrigine on either performance IQ (−0.23, 95% CI −6.90 to 6.44) or most secondary outcomes. Visual sustained attention showed a trend towards better performance in the lamotrigine group (−0.81, 95% CI −1.67 to 0.04).InterpretationLamotrigine did not improve cognitive functioning in adolescents with NF1. The small treatment effects make it unlikely that a larger sample size could have changed this conclusion.
External validation of the DIAFORA system to predict lower‐extremity amputations in a prospective Danish cohort
Authors: Røikjer Johan , Monteiro‐Soares Matilde , Walton Daina , Iacopi Elisabetta , Jirkovska Jarmila , Edmonds Michael , Trocha Anna , Jeffocate William , Bus Sicco ,   the Diabetic Foot Study Group (DFSG) prevention of the first ulcer research group
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimA diabetes‐related foot ulcer (DFU) is a major risk factor for lower‐extremity amputation (LEA). To help clinicians predict the risk of LEA in people with DFU, the Diabetic Foot Risk Assessment (DIAFORA) system was developed but has never been externally validated.MethodsIn this study, 317 people presenting with a new DFU were included. At baseline, participants were grouped into three groups based on their DIAFORA score: low‐risk (<15), medium‐risk (15–25), and high‐risk (>25). Participants were followed until healing, LEA, death, or at least 3 months. Discriminative accuracy was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios (LRs) and the area under the curve (AUC).ResultsAll 317 participants completed at least 3 months of follow‐up for a median duration of 146 days, during which 12.6% underwent minor amputation and 2.5% major amputation. People in the low‐ and medium‐risk categories had major amputation rates of 0.9% and 2.1%, respectively, and negative LR of major LEA of 0.10 and 0.38, respectively, while the people in the high‐risk category had an amputation rate of 25.0% and a positive LR of 12.9. The DIAFORA risk groups had a sensitivity of 75.0% and a specificity of 65.7%, with a corresponding AUC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.68–0.87) for the prediction of major LEA.ConclusionThe DIAFORA score is a useful tool for risk stratification of people presenting with a newly occurred DFU, with the external validation presenting results similar to those presented in the original study. The DIAFORA score may guide clinicians towards more individualized DFU treatment regimens.