bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the geomorphic recovery potential of rivers: forecasting future trajectories of adjustment for use in management
Authors: Fryirs Kirstie A. , Brierley Gary J. 
Published: May 2016

In an era of river repair, the concept of recovery enhancement has become central to river management practice. However, until about the early 2000s there were no coherent geomorphic frameworks with which to forecast river recovery potential. While the practical uptake of such frameworks has been slow, and debates continue about what recovery means, some river management agencies in different parts of the world have applied related concepts within catchment scale, process‐based approaches to river management. Agencies that make use of recovery enhancement approaches have reframed the way that vision setting, planning, and prioritization are undertaken. In this study, we review river recovery as a principle. We then present, using examples, an updated version of the framework for assessing river recovery and river recovery potential that is embedded in the River Styles framework. Finally, we show how the application of this framework can be used to better inform river management practice. WIREs Water 2016, 3:727–748. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1158This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Quantifying the Impact of Floods on Bacillary Dysentery in Dalian City, China, From 2004 to 2010
Authors: Xu Xin , Ding Guoyong , Zhang Ying , Liu Zhidong , Liu Qiyong , Jiang Baofa 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveStudies quantifying relationships between floods and diarrheal diseases have mainly been conducted in low-latitude regions. It’s therefore increasingly important to examine these relationships in midlatitude regions, where they may have significant public health implications. This study aimed to examine the association between floods and bacillary dysentery in the city of Dalian, China.MethodsA generalized additive mixed model was applied to examine the association between floods and bacillary dysentery. The relative risk (RR) of flood impact on bacillary dysentery was estimated.ResultsA total of 18,976 cases of bacillary dysentery were reported in Dalian during the study period. Two weeks’ lagged effect was detected from the impact of floods on bacillary dysentery. The RR of flood impact on bacillary dysentery was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.03-1.33).ConclusionsFloods have significantly increased the risk of bacillary dysentery in Dalian. More studies should focus on the association between floods and infectious diseases in different regions. Our findings have significant implications for managing the negative health impact of floods in the midlatitude region of China. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:190–195)
THE XINIAN: AN ANCIENT HISTORICAL TEXT FROM THE QINGHUA UNIVERSITY COLLECTION OF BAMBOO BOOKS
Authors: Milburn Olivia 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Xinian or Annalistic History is one of an important collection of ancient bamboo texts donated anonymously to Qinghua University in 2008. The Xinian covers events from the history of the Western Zhou dynasty (1045–771 b.c.e.), through the Spring and Autumn Period (771–475 b.c.e.) and into the Warring States era (475–221 b.c.e.). Since the first publication of this manuscript in 2011, it has been the subject of much research, though this has usually been focused on the sections which have important parallels within the transmitted tradition. This article proposes a new way of understanding the Xinian, as a compilation produced from at least five source texts, and provides a complete translation of the entire text. Furthermore, although the contents of the Xinian are frequently at variance with the transmitted tradition, in particular the account of events given in the Zuozhuan, in some instances it may prove the more reliable source. The Xinian also provides some information concerning the history of the early Warring States era that helps to explain events in this generally badly documented era.
Subclinical zinc deficiency impairs pancreatic digestive enzyme activity and digestive capacity of weaned piglets
Authors: Brugger Daniel , Windisch Wilhelm M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of short-term subclinical Zn deficiency on exocrine pancreatic activity and changes in digestive capacity. A total of forty-eight weaned piglets were fedad libituma basal diet (maize and soyabean meal) with adequate Zn supply (88 mg Zn/kg diet) during a 2-week acclimatisation phase. Animals were then assigned to eight dietary treatment groups (n6) according to a complete randomised block design considering litter, live weight and sex. All pigs were fed restrictively (450 g diet/d) the basal diet but with varying ZnSO4.7H2O additions, resulting in 28·1, 33·6, 38·8, 42·7, 47·5, 58·2, 67·8 and 88·0 mg Zn/kg diet for a total experimental period of 8 d. Pancreatic Zn concentrations and pancreatic activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase A and B, elastase andα-amylase exhibited a broken-line response to stepwise reduction in dietary Zn by declining beneath thresholds of 39·0, 58·0, 58·0, 41·2, 47·5, 57·7 and 58·0 mg Zn/kg diet, respectively. Furthermore, carboxypeptidase B andα-amylase activities were significantly lower in samples with reduced pancreatic Zn contents. Coefficients of faecal digestibility of DM, crude protein, total lipids and crude ash responded similarly to pancreatic enzyme activities by declining below dietary thresholds of 54·7, 45·0, 46·9 and 58·2 mg Zn/kg diet, respectively. In conclusion, (1) subclinical Zn deficiency impaired pancreatic exocrine enzymes, (2) this response was connected to pancreatic Zn metabolism and (3) the decline in catalytic activity impaired faecal digestibility already after 1 week of insufficient alimentary Zn supply and very early before clinical deficiency symptoms arise.
Occupation, retirement and cognitive functioning
Authors: KAJITANI SHINYA , SAKATA KEI , MCKENZIE COLIN 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to examine the causal impact of the duration of retirement on the cognitive functioning of male elderly workers in Japan using data from the National Survey of Japanese Elderly. We explore how the complexity of a worker's longest served job affects cognitive functioning after retirement. In particular, we investigate eight dimensions of the longest served job using information listed in the United States Dictionary of Occupational Titles, namely physical demands, mathematical development, reasoning development, language development, the job's relationship to data, the job's relationship to people, the job's relationship to things and the specific vocational preparation required. Our estimator takes account of the potential endogeneity of the duration of retirement and the left-censoring of the duration of retirement. Our empirical evidence suggests that the duration of retirement has a negative and significant impact on cognitive functioning. Moreover, among the eight dimensions of job characteristics, high complexity in the job's relation to data is found to be an important job characteristic in delaying the deterioration of cognitive functioning after retirement.
A bispecific antibody targeting sclerostin and DKK-1 promotes bone mass accrual and fracture repair
Authors: Florio Monica , Gunasekaran Kannan , Stolina Marina , Li Xiaodong , Liu Ling , Tipton Barbara , Salimi-Moosavi Hossein , Asuncion Franklin J. , Li Chaoyang , Sun Banghua , Tan Hong Lin , Zhang Li , Han Chun-Ya , Case Ryan , Duguay Amy N. , Grisanti Mario , Stevens Jennitte , Pretorius James K. , Pacheco Efrain , Jones Heidi , Chen Qing , Soriano Brian D. , Wen Jie , Heron Brenda , Jacobsen Frederick W. , Brisan Emil , Richards William G. , Ke Hua Zhu , Ominsky Michael S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractInhibition of the Wnt antagonist sclerostin increases bone mass in patients with osteoporosis and in preclinical animal models. Here we show increased levels of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) in animals treated with sclerostin antibody, suggesting a negative feedback mechanism that limits Wnt-driven bone formation. To test our hypothesis that co-inhibition of both factors further increases bone mass, we engineer a first-in-class bispecific antibody with single residue pair mutations in the Fab region to promote efficient and stable cognate light–heavy chain pairing. We demonstrate that dual inhibition of sclerostin and DKK-1 leads to synergistic bone formation in rodents and non-human primates. Furthermore, by targeting distinct facets of fracture healing, the bispecific antibody shows superior bone repair activity compared with monotherapies. This work supports the potential of this agent both for treatment and prevention of fractures and offers a promising therapeutic approach to reduce the burden of low bone mass disorders.
Quantum annealing for the number-partitioning problem using a tunable spin glass of ions
Authors: Graß Tobias , Raventós David , Juliá-Díaz Bruno , Gogolin Christian , Lewenstein Maciej 
Published: May 2016

AbstractExploiting quantum properties to outperform classical ways of information processing is an outstanding goal of modern physics. A promising route is quantum simulation, which aims at implementing relevant and computationally hard problems in controllable quantum systems. Here we demonstrate that in a trapped ion setup, with present day technology, it is possible to realize a spin model of the Mattis-type that exhibits spin glass phases. Our method produces the glassy behaviour without the need for any disorder potential, just by controlling the detuning of the spin-phonon coupling. Applying a transverse field, the system can be used to benchmark quantum annealing strategies which aim at reaching the ground state of the spin glass starting from the paramagnetic phase. In the vicinity of a phonon resonance, the problem maps onto number partitioning, and instances which are difficult to address classically can be implemented.
Structure of the intact ATM/Tel1 kinase
Authors: Wang Xuejuan , Chu Huanyu , Lv Mengjuan , Zhang Zhihui , Qiu Shuwan , Liu Haiyan , Shen Xuetong , Wang Weiwu , Cai Gang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein is an apical kinase that orchestrates the multifaceted DNA-damage response. Normally, ATM kinase is in an inactive, homodimer form and is transformed into monomers upon activation. Besides a conserved kinase domain at the C terminus, ATM contains three other structural modules, referred to as FAT, FATC and N-terminal helical solenoid. Here we report the first cryo-EM structure of ATM kinase, which is an intact homodimeric ATM/Tel1 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We show that two monomers directly contact head-to-head through the FAT and kinase domains. The tandem N-terminal helical solenoid tightly packs against the FAT and kinase domains. The structure suggests that ATM/Tel1 dimer interface and the consecutive HEAT repeats inhibit the binding of kinase substrates and regulators by steric hindrance. Our study provides a structural framework for understanding the mechanisms of ATM/Tel1 regulation as well as the development of new therapeutic agents.
Population-weighted efficiency in transportation networks
Authors: Dong Lei , Li Ruiqi , Zhang Jiang , Di Zengru 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTransportation efficiency is critical for the operation of cities and is attracting great attention worldwide. Improving the transportation efficiency can not only decrease energy consumption, reduce carbon emissions, but also accelerate people’s interactions, which will become more and more important for sustainable urban living. Generally, traffic conditions in less-developed countries are not so good due to the undeveloped economy and road networks, while this issue is rarely studied before, because traditional survey data in these areas are scarce. Nowadays, with the development of ubiquitous mobile phone data, we can explore the transportation efficiency in a new way. In this paper, based on users’ call detailed records (CDRs), we propose an indicator named population-weighted efficiency (PWE) to quantitatively measure the efficiency of the transportation networks. PWE can provide insights into transportation infrastructure development, according to which we identify dozens of inefficient routes at both the intra- and inter-city levels, which are verified by several ongoing construction projects in Senegal. In addition, we compare PWE with excess commuting indices and the fitting result of PWE is better than excess commuting index, which also proves the validity of our method.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Acute Toxicity and Gastroprotection Studies of a New Schiff Base Derived Manganese (II) Complex against HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcerations in Rats
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed Yousif , Hashim Najihah Mohd , Dhiyaaldeen Summaya M. , Al-Obaidi Mazen M.Jamil , El-Ferjani Rashd M. , Adam Hoyam , Alkotaini Bassam , Batran Rami Al , Ali Hapipah Mohd 
Published: May 2016

AbstractManganese is a crucial element for health. In this study, the gastroprotective efficacy of Mn (II) complex (MDLA) against acidified ethanol (HCl/Ethanol)-induced gastric ulceration in rats was evaluated. The animals were distributed into 5 groups. Groups 1 and 2 received carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), group 3 was pretreated with omeprazole, and groups 4 and 5 were given 10 and 20 mg/kg of MDLA, respectively. After one hour, CMC and HCl/Ethanol were given to groups 2–5 whilst the animals in group 1 were ingested with CMC. After sacrifice, gastric lesions were evaluated by wall mucus, gross appearance, histology, antioxidant enzymes and immunohistochemistry. Group 2 displayed severe gastric damage with a significant reduction in wall mucus. Conversely, gastric lesions were reduced in groups 3–5 by 85.72%, 56.51% and 65.93%, respectively. The rats in groups 3–5 showed up-regulation of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) with down-regulation of Bcl-2-associated protein x (Bax). Pretreatment with omeprazole or MDLA led to an increase in the uptake of Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain in the glandular part of the gastric tissue, raised levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. These results suggested the gastroprotective action of Mn (II) complex.
Dramatically decreased magnetoresistance in non-stoichiometric WTe2 crystals
Authors: Lv Yang-Yang , Zhang Bin-Bin , Li Xiao , Pang Bin , Zhang Fan , Lin Da-Jun , Zhou Jian , Yao Shu-Hua , Chen Y. B. , Zhang Shan-Tao , Lu Minghui , Liu Zhongkai , Chen Yulin , Chen Yan-Feng 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRecently, the layered semimetal WTe2has attracted renewed interest owing to the observation of a non-saturating and giant positive magnetoresistance (~105%), which can be useful for magnetic memory and spintronic devices. However, the underlying mechanisms of the giant magnetoresistance are still under hot debate. Herein, we grew the stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric WTe2crystals to test the robustness of giant magnetoresistance. The stoichiometric WTe2crystals have magnetoresistance as large as 3100% at 2 K and 9-Tesla magnetic field. However, only 71% and 13% magnetoresistance in the most non-stoichiometry (WTe1.80) and the highest Mo isovalent substitution samples (W0.7Mo0.3Te2) are observed, respectively. Analysis of the magnetic-field dependent magnetoresistance of non-stoichiometric WTe2crystals substantiates that both the large electron-hole concentration asymmetry and decreased carrier mobility, induced by non-stoichiometry, synergistically lead to the decreased magnetoresistance. This work sheds more light on the origin of giant magnetoresistance observed in WTe2.
A new family of bizarre durophagous carnivorous marsupials from Miocene deposits in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland
Authors: Archer M. , Hand S. J. , Black K. H. , Beck R. M. D. , Arena D. A. , Wilson L. A. B. , Kealy S. , Hung T.-t. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA new specimen of the bizarrely specialised Malleodectes mirabilis from middle Miocene deposits in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area provides the first and only information about the molar dentition of this strange group of extinct marsupials. Apart from striking autapomorphies such as the enormous P3, other dental features such as stylar cusp D being larger than B suggest it belongs in the Order Dasyuromorphia. Phylogenetic analysis of 62 craniodental characters places Malleodectes within Dasyuromorphia albeit with weak support and without indication of specific relationships to any of the three established families (Dasyuridae, Myrmecobiidae and Thylacinidae). Accordingly we have allocated Malleodectes to the new family, Malleodectidae. Some features suggest potential links to previously named dasyuromorphians from Riversleigh (e.g., Ganbulanyi) but these are too poorly known to test this possibility. Although the original interpretation of a steeply declining molar row in Malleodectes can be rejected, it continues to seem likely that malleodectids specialised on snails but probably also consumed a wider range of prey items including small vertebrates. Whatever their actual diet, malleodectids appear to have filled a niche in Australia’s rainforests that has not been occupied by any other mammal group anywhere in the world from the Miocene onwards.
Haem-assisted dityrosine-cross-linking of fibrinogen under non-thermal plasma exposure: one important mechanism of facilitated blood coagulation
Authors: Ke Zhigang , Huang Qing 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlthough blood coagulation facilitated by non-thermal plasma has been reported several years ago, the insight to the involved mechanisms is still rather limited. In this work, we report our discovery of a new mechanism for the haem-promoted blood-coagulation caused by non-thermal plasma treatment. The reason for the haem role is due to that its oxidized form, namely, hematin, can promote the dityrosine cross-linking of fibrinogen, the most important coagulation protein, to form a membrane-like layer on the surface of the treated blood with plasma exposure. Both haem and non-thermal-plasma generated hydrogen peroxide are requisite for the cross-linking process. We confirmed that fibrinogen can coordinate with the haem iron to form a protein-haem complex which shows pseudo-peroxidase activity and in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the complex can induce the dityrosine formation between fibrinogen molecules, leading to the fibrin network necessary for the blood coagulation. Understanding of such an underlying mechanism can be useful to guide more efficient application of non-thermal plasma in the management of hemostasis, thrombosis and etc.
Glycosylation of matrix metalloproteases and tissue inhibitors: present state, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Boon Lise , Ugarte-Berzal Estefania , Vandooren Jennifer , Opdenakker Ghislain 
Published: May 2016

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are crucial components of a complex and dynamic network of proteases. With a wide range of potential substrates, their production and activity are tightly controlled by a combination of signalling events, zymogen activation, post-translational modifications and extracellular inhibition. Slight imbalances may result in the initiation or progression of specific disease states, such as cancer and pathological inflammation. As glycosylation modifies the structures and functions of glycoproteins and many MMPs contain N- or O-linked oligosaccharides, we examine, compare and evaluate the evidence for whether glycosylation affects MMP catalytic activity and other functions. It is interesting that the catalytic sites of MMPs do not contain O-linked glycans, but instead possess a conserved N-linked glycosylation site. Both N- and O-linked oligosaccharides, attached to specific protein domains, endow these domains with novel functions such as the binding to lectins, cell-surface receptors and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs). Validated glycobiological data on N- and O-linked oligosaccharides of gelatinase B/MMP-9 and on O-linked structures of membrane-type 1 MMP/MMP-14 indicate that in-depth research of other MMPs may yield important insights, e.g. about subcellular localizations and functions within macromolecular complexes.
Superresolved multiphoton microscopy with spatial frequency-modulated imaging
Authors: Field Jeffrey J. , Wernsing Keith A. , Domingue Scott R. , Allende Motz Alyssa M. , DeLuca Keith F. , Levi Dean H. , DeLuca Jennifer G. , Young Michael D. , Squier Jeff A. , Bartels Randy A. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Superresolution microscopy is indispensable in biological sciences. The vast majority of superresolution imaging techniques exploit real energetic states of fluorescent molecules to break the diffraction limit. To date, superresolved imaging of second- and third-harmonic generation has been limited to specific sample preparations where the polarization state of the excitation laser can be manipulated to overcome the diffraction limit. Here, we describe a method for multiphoton superresolved imaging that does not place such restrictions on the sample and allows for simultaneous superresolved imaging of both coherent and incoherent signal light. Combined with single-element detection, this technique may allow for significant advances in multimodal multiphoton imaging of highly scattering biological tissues.
Machinability of CuZn21Si3P brass
Authors: Schultheiss F. , Johansson D. , Linde M. , Tam P. L. , Bushlya V. , Zhou J. , Nyborg L. , Ståhl J.-E. 
Published: May 2016

New brass alloys containing less or even no lead are being developed, decreasing the environmental impact of the material. One example of an alternative brass is CuZn21Si3P, which contains less than 0.09 wt-% Pb. The research presented in this article evaluates the machinability of CuZn21Si3P as compared to more common, lead-containing free-machining brasses. The results show a marked decrease in the machinability of CuZn21Si3P. When longitudinally turning CuZn21Si3P the cutting tool failed after 142 min of machining. This tool wear was to a large extent remedied through the use of a coating on the cutting tool. CuZn21Si3P appears as a viable substitute for lead-containing brasses, thus implying the possibility for improving the sustainability of modern production. This paper is part of a Themed Issue on Brass Alloys.
Diet Overlap and Predation Between Largemouth Bass and Walleye in Wisconsin Lakes Using DNA Barcoding to Improve Taxonomic Resolution
Authors: Kelling Craig J. , Isermann Daniel A. , Sloss Brian L. , Turnquist Keith N. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Over the last decade, the abundance of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides has increased in many northern Wisconsin lakes, causing concern among anglers and biologists regarding the potential for Largemouth Bass to negatively affect populations of Walleye Sander vitreus through predation or competition for prey. Our objectives were to determine whether (1) diet overlap and predation occurred between adult Walleyes and Largemouth Bass in four northern Wisconsin lakes and (2) the use of DNA barcoding to reduce unidentifiable fish in diet samples affected conclusions regarding diet overlap. A single occurrence of Walleye predation was observed in the diets of 945 Largemouth Bass. Moderate to high diet overlap was observed between Largemouth Bass and Walleyes throughout much of the study period. The use of DNA barcoding reduced the amount of unidentified fish in diets to &lt;1% and showed that failure to identify fish or fish parts can affect conclusions regarding diet overlap. Largemouth Bass predation is probably not a primary factor affecting Walleye abundance in the lakes we selected, but observed diet overlap suggests the potential for competition between the two species.
Received June 15, 2015; accepted January 18, 2016 Published online May 26, 2016