bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examples of beurling prime systems
Authors: Al-Maamori Faez A 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
A generalized prime system 𝓟 is a sequence of positive reals p
1, p
2, p
3, … satisfying 1 < p
1 ≤ p
2 ≤ ⋯ ≤ p

n
≤ ⋯ and for which p

n
→ ∞ as n → ∞. The {p

n
} are called generalized primes (or Beurling primes) with the products

p

1

a

1

⋅

p

2

a

2

…

p

k

a

k

${p^{a_{1}}_{1}}\cdot {p^{a_{2}}_{2}}\dots {p^{a_{k}}_{k}}$

(where k ∈ ℕ and a
1, a
2, ⋯, a

k
∈ ℕ ∪ {0}) forming the generalized integers (or Beurling integers).
In this article we generalise Balanzario’s result [BALANZARIO, E.: An example in Beurling’s theory of primes, Acta Arith. 87 (1998), 121–139] by adapting his method to show that for any 0 < α < 1 there is a continuous g-prime system for which

Π

P

(
x
)
=

l
i

(
x
)
+
O
(
x

e

−
(
log
⁡
x

)
α

)
,

$$ \Pi_{\mathcal {P}}(x)={\rm li}(x)+ O(x\text{e}^{-(\log x)^\alpha}), $$

(0.1)

and

N

P

(
x
)
=
ρ
x
+

Ω

±

(
x

e

−
c
(
log
⁡
x

)
β

)
,

$$ \mathcal {N}_{\mathcal {P}}(x)= \rho x + \Omega_{\pm}(x\text{e}^{-c(\log x)^\beta}), $$

(0.2)

We use the method developed by Diamond, Montgomery and Vorhauer [DIAMOND, H.—MONTGOMERY, H.—VORHAUER, U.: Beurling primes with large oscillation, Math. Ann. 334 (2006), 1–36] and Zhang [ZHANG, W.: Beurling primes with RH and Beurling primes with large oscillation, Math. Ann. 337 (2007), 671–704] to prove (by using some measure theoretical results) that there is a discrete system of Beurling primes satisfying (0.1) and (0.2) which is similar to the continuous system.
Finding discrete example is typically more challenging since one cannot control the various growth rates (of π
𝓟(x), 𝓝𝓟(x) and ζ
𝓟(s)) so easily.
Crystal structure of bis(2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole)boron – tetrahydrofuran (1/1), C36H37N4O6B
Authors: Yin Guo-jie , Zhang Bin 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
C36H37N4O6B, monoclinic, C2/c, a = 9.3404(4) Å, b = 19.8395(10) Å, c = 17.8985(9) Å, β = 103.301(5)°, V = 3226.0(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0626, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2086, T = 293 K.
Gender Representation of Athletes in Finnish and Swedish Tabloids
Authors: Laine Antti 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe study examines quantitatively and qualitatively gender representation in Finnish and Swedish tabloids’ sports coverage during Athens 2004 summer and Turin 2006 winter Olympics. Several media studies argue that sports journalism marginalises women’s sports and sexualises female athletes. The results of this study show that male athletes received more coverage than female athletes in every tabloid, but when the number of domestic participants and their level of success were considered, neither country’s tabloids quantitatively marginalised women’s sports. Qualitative analysis found that research stereotypes showing trivialisation and sexualisation of female athletes were incorrect, with the exception of Finnish tabloids representations of female athletes participating in sports that are considered masculine. For the most part, female athletes were represented in the same way as male athletes. However, it should be emphasised that the material is limited to Olympics coverage: during such major sporting events women are treated more equally, particularly quantitatively.
Qualia of God: Phenomenological Materiality in Introspection, with a Reference to Advaita Vedanta
Authors: Louchakova-Schwartz Olga 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Applying Michel Henry’s philosophical framework to the phenomenological analysis of religious experience, the author introduces a concept of material introspection and a new theory of the constitution of religious experience in phenomenologically material interiority. As opposed to ordinary mental self-scrutiny, material introspection happens when the usual outgoing attention is reverted onto embodied self-awareness in search of mystical self-knowledge or union with God. Such reversal posits the internal field of consciousness with the self-disclosure of phenomenological materiality. As shown by the example of Vedantic self-inquiry, material introspection is conditioned on the attitude ‘I “see” myself’ and employs reductions which relieve phenomenological materiality from the structuring influence of intentionality; the telos of material introspection is expressed by the inward self-transcendence of intentional consciousness into purified phenomenological materiality. Experience in material introspection is constituted by the self-affection and self-luminosity of phenomenological materiality; experience is recognized as religious due to such essential properties as the capacity of being self-fulfilled, and specific qualitative “what it’s like”(s). Drawing on more than 5000 live accounts of internal religious experience, it is shown that introspective attention can have different trajectories, producing, within a temporal extension of material introspection, different spatial modifications of embodied self-awareness and a variety of corresponding religious experiences.
New amorphous nanophosphors obtained by evaporation of silicates and germanates REE
Authors: Zuev Mikhail G. , Il’ves Vladislav G. , Sokovnin Sergey Yu. , Vasin Andrei A. , Zhuravleva Elena Yu. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Amorphous nanophosphors have been produced by pulsed electron beam evaporation of bulk phosphors of rare earth elements (REE) silicates and germanates with oxyapatite structure activated with europium. The processes of crystallization of amorphous nanopowders (NP) have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (40–1400°C) methods. A modification of the Raman and IR spectra of the samples was found when the particle size decreased from bulk to nanostate due to insignificant polymerization of Si(Ge)O4 tetrahedra. The spectral and luminescence characteristics of the bulk samples as well as nanoamorphous samples have been examined. It was established that Eu3+ forms two types of optical centers. Upon the transition of Sr2Gd8(SiO4)6O2:Eu3+ phosphor from bulk state to nanostate during laser excitation, the luminescence intensity of Eu3+ ions increases 10 times. Blue and white amorphous nanophosphors have been obtained for the first time by evaporation of Ca2M8(SiO4)6O2:Eu (M=Y, Gd) and Ca2La8(GeO4)O2:Eu phosphors. Radiation reduction of ions Eu3+→Eu2+ in electron beam has been presumably found.
Detection of Bordetella avium by TaqMan real-time PCR in tracheal swabs from wildlife birds
Authors: Stenzel T. , Pestka D. , Tykałowski B. , Śmiałek M. , Koncicki A. , Bancerz-Kisiel A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Bordetella avium, the causing agent of bordetellosis, a highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract in young poultry, causes significant losses in poultry farming throughout the world. Wildlife birds can be a reservoir of various pathogens that infect farm animals. For this reason the studies were conducted to estimate the prevalence of Bordetella avium in wildlife birds in Poland. Tracheal swab samples were collected from 650 birds representing 27 species. The bacterial DNA was isolated directly from the swabs and screened for Bordetella avium by TaqMan real-time PCR.
The assay specificity was evaluated by testing DNA isolated from 8 other bacteria that can be present in avian respiratory tract, and there was no amplification from non-Bordetella avium agents. Test sensitivity was determined by preparing standard tenfold serial dilutions of DNA isolated from positive control. The assay revealed to be sensitive, with detection limit of approximately 4.07x10^2 copies of Bordetella avium DNA. The genetic material of Bordetella avium was found in 54.54% of common pheasants, in 9.09% of Eurasian coots, in 3.22% of black-headed gulls and in 2.77% of mallard ducks.
The results of this study point to low prevalence of Bordetella avium infections in wildlife birds. The results also show that described molecular assay proved to be suitable for the rapid diagnosis of bordetellosis in the routine diagnostic laboratory.
Values of apoptosis of lymphocytes and granulocytes in peripheral blood of Polish mixed-breed rabbits in the annual cycle
Authors: Tokarz-Deptuła B. , Hukowska-Szematowicz B. , Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P. , Trzeciak-Ryczek A. , Deptuła W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine values of apoptosis for peripheral blood lymphocytes and granulocytes, including dependency on the season of the year, in Polish mixed-breed rabbits and in mixed-breed rabbits with the addition of blood of meat-breed rabbits. The study was carried out in four seasons of the year (spring, summer, autumn, winter) involving 120 Polish mixed-breed rabbits - group I, and 120 Polish mixed-breed rabbits with addition of meat-breed rabbit blood - group II. Assessment of apoptosis of lymphocytes and granulocytes was performed using as FACScan cytometer by Becton Dickinson with FACSDiva software (USA), using as ApoFluor®Green Caspase reagent kit (MP Biomedicals, USA) to detect the activity of the total caspase pool 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 in granulocytes and lymphocytes of rabbit peripheral blood. The results for apoptosis of lymphocytes and granulocytes in peripheral blood in the animals investigated (group I and II) were subjected to statistical analysis with the t’Student test at p=0.05. It was noted that, in rabbits from group I, the values for apoptosis of lymphocytes were the highest in winter and autumn (36.02% and 31.24%, respectively), and the lowest in spring and summer (26.73% and 22.72%, respectively), whereas in the case of granulocytes the highest values were in summer and spring (14.69% and 12.95%, respectively), and the lowest in winter and autumn (8.16% and 8.57%, respectively). In mixed-breed rabbits with the addition of meat-breed blood (group II), the values for apoptosis of lympocytes were the highest in spring (29.13%), and the lowest in summer (25.43%); whereas in the case of granulocytes the highest values were in summer and spring (14.0% and 11.15%, respectively), and the lowest in autumn and winter (7.46% and 7.64%, respectively).
Thromboelastographic profile of goat blood after the experimental injury of the femoral artery and use of QuikClot gauze and Celox gauze dressings
Authors: Sobiech P. , Adamiak Z. , Holak P. , Jastrzębski P. , Rogowski J. , Brzeziński M. , Bury K. , Jałyński M. , Baumgartner W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of thromboelastometry for the analysis of blood test results in goats after the use of hemostatic dressings to control massive bleeding. The study was carried out on 12 goats, 6 animals in each of two subgroups. In all experimental animals incision of the femoral artery was performed, and bleeding was controlled with QuikClot gauze in the first group and Celox gauze in the second group. Dressings were applied for 60 minutes. Blood samples for thromboelastometry were collected from the jugular vein before the incision and 60 min after the application of a dressing. Clotting time (CT), clot formation time (CFT), maximum clot firmness (MCF) and α angle (°) were measured in three standard ROTEM assays (system with generation of reaction curve, numerical parameters and size of the blood clot): intrinsic coagulation pathway (INTEM), extrinsic coagulation pathway (EXTEM) and functional fibrinogen (FIBTEM). Complete hemostasis of the injured femoral artery was found in all goats. No significant differences between pre- and post-incision thromboelastometric parameters were found in any tests in any of the groups, which indicates that the use of dressings was not associated with blood coagulation disorders. This study is the first to describe the use of thromboelastometry in goats for the assessment of clot formation and hemostatic disorders.
Effect of boar ejaculate fraction, extender type and time of storage on quality of spermatozoa
Authors: Dziekońska A. , Świąder K. , Koziorowska-Gilun M. , Mietelska K. , Zasiadczyk Ł. , Kordan W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect the sperm-rich fraction (F1) and the post-F1 fraction (F2) on the quality of boar spermatozoa stored in a liquid state. Ejaculates were collected from three Polish Landrace boars. Each ejaculate fraction was diluted with BTS short-term extender and Safe-Cell Plus (SCP) long-term extender and stored for seven days (D1-D7) at 17°C. Analyses included sperm motility parameters, normal apical ridge (NAR) acrosomes and plasma membrane integrity (PMI). Prior to the dilution of fractions, marked changes (p<0.05) were noted between F1 and F2 in progressive motility (PMOT), velocity average pathway (VAP) and velocity straight line (VCL). After the ejaculate was diluted, the type of fraction and type of extender significantly affected (p<0.05) PMOT, being markedly higher (p<0.05) for F1 extended in BTS. No marked changes (p<0.05) were observed between F1 and F2 extended in SCP for any of the analyzed sperm quality parameters during seven days of storage. Significantly higher (p<0.05) values of sperm quality parameters were noted in F1 compared with F2 for BTS on D7 of storage. The results of the four-way ANOVA analysis indicate that boar, fraction of ejaculate, extender type and day of storage had significant effects on the quality of boar stored spermatozoa. The F1 was characterised by higher quality of spermatozoa during storage in comparison with F2 in the short-term extender. Using the long-term extender containing the proteins allowed for a better application of F2, which could be important for the pig industry.
Molecular characterization and detection of enterotoxins, methicillin resistance genes and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from fish and ground beef
Authors: Arslan S. , Özdemir F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA total of 120 samples including 40 freshwaterfish(Oncorhynchus mykiss), 40 seawater fish (Sparus aurata) and 40 ground beef samples were examined for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. The isolates were identified using biochemical tests and a PCR for the species-specific fragment (Sa442) and thermonuclease gene (nucA). The presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes (sea, seb, sec, sed and see), toxin genes (eta, etb, tsst), methicillin resistance gene (mecA) and some phenotypic virulence factors was also tested. Genotypic characterization of the isolates was analyzed by PCR-RFLP of the coa gene. Overall, 36 (30%) meat samples were contaminated with S. aureus. Of the 36 isolates, 3 (8.3%) were found to be positive for enterotoxin genes. Only 1 isolate (5.9%) from ground beef had the sea gene. In addition, 1 (12.5%) of the freshwater fish and 1 (9.1%) of the seawater fish carried both the sea and sed genes. The presence of seb, sec, see, eta, etb and tsst was not detected among the isolates of S. aureus. The amplified coa gene revealed five different clusters. Seven and six distinct RFLP patterns were obtained with AluI and HaeIII digestion, respectively. All isolates were found to be positive for slime, hemolytic and DNase activity while 41.7% of them were beta-lactamase positive. The presence of methicillin resistance was neither detected by PCR nor the disk diffusion method. A total of 94.4% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial while 44.4% of them were resistant to at least two or more antimicrobials.
Influence of β2- and β3-adrenoceptor agonists on contractile activity of the porcine myometrium in the luteal phase and the first days of pregnancy
Authors: Markiewicz W. , Jaroszewski J.J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study analysed the relaxant properties of salbutamol (β2-adrenoceptors agonist) and BRL 37344 (β3-adrenoceptors agonist) regarding the contractility of porcine myometrium on days 10-14 of the oestrous cycle (cyclic group; n = 10) and on days 3-5 of pregnancy (early pregnant group; n = 6). The activity of myometrial strips (tension, frequency and amplitude) was recorded under isometric conditions using force transducers. The contractility was assessed further following the administration of increasing concentrations of the agonists (10-9-10-4M), both with and without β-adrenoceptor antagonists (butaxamine - a selective β2- adrenoceptor antagonist, propranolol- a non-selective β1- and β2-adrenoceptor antagonist and bupranolol - a non-selective β1-, β2- and β3-adrenoceptor antagonist) at a concentration of 10-4M. Although neither salbutamol nor BRL 37344 caused changes in the tension, at the highest concentrations they decreased the frequency and amplitude of contractions. These changes were more evident after salbutamol treatment and in the early pregnant group. Antagonists given alone did not cause changes in the parameters examined but changed some activity of the agonists. Butoxamine reduced the decrease in frequency and amplitude induced by salbutamol and produced a decrease in the tension after BRL 37344 treatment in the early pregnant group. Propranolol reduced the decrease in frequency and amplitude induced by salbutamol in both examined groups and did not cause significant changes in BRL 37344 activity. The administration of bupranolol before salbutamol treatment caused an increase in the tension and reduced the decrease in the frequency in the cyclic group. Moreover, bupranolol eliminated a decrease in frequency and induced an increase in amplitude caused by BRL 37344 in both groups and these changes were more evident in the early pregnant group. The data indicates that both β2- and β3-adenoreceptors are involved in the regulation of the contractility in both groups, but the changes after agonists and antagonists treatment are more evident in the early pregnant myometrium.
Short-term heart rate variability in dogs with sick sinus syndrome or chronic mitral valve disease as compared to healthy controls
Authors: Bogucki Sz. , Noszczyk-Nowak A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Heart rate variability is an established risk factor for mortality in both healthy dogs and animals with heart failure. The aim of this study was to compare short-term heart rate variability (ST-HRV) parameters from 60-min electrocardiograms in dogs with sick sinus syndrome (SSS, n=20) or chronic mitral valve disease (CMVD, n=20) and healthy controls (n=50), and to verify the clinical application of ST-HRV analysis. The study groups differed significantly in terms of both time - and frequency- domain ST-HRV parameters. In the case of dogs with SSS and healthy controls, particularly evident differences pertained to HRV parameters linked directly to the variability of R-R intervals. Lower values of standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of the averaged R-R intervals for all 5-min segments (SDANN), mean of the standard deviations of all R-R intervals for all 5-min segments (SDNNI) and percentage of successive R-R intervals >50 ms (pNN50) corresponded to a decrease in parasympathetic regulation of heart rate in dogs with CMVD. These findings imply that ST-HRV may be useful for the identification of dogs with SSS and for detection of dysautonomia in animals with CMVD.
Impact of Physical Parameters on Dosing Errors due to a Syringe Exchange in Multi-Infusion Therapy
Authors: Snijder Roland A. , Konings Maurits K. , van den Hoogen Agnes , Timmerman Annemoon M.D.E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionInfusion therapy is challenging and dosing errors may occur due to physical phenomena related to the infusion hardware, despite the use of accurate syringe pumps. These errors typically occur after interventions, such as the exchange of a syringe. We aimed to characterize and quantify dosing errors due to a syringe exchange in relation to physical properties of infusion hardware.MethodsAn analytical simulation model was used to investigate dosing errors due to two different syringe exchange protocols (variations). Each protocol involved a fast syringe pump, containing a non-critical medication, and a slow syringe pump, containing a critical drug. The protocols were also reproduced inResultsThe syringe exchange of the slow pump resulted in an additional delay of up to 3536 seconds due to backflow. Syringe exchange of the fast pump resulted in an undiluted volume of critical drug (0.17 ml) accumulated in the infusion system, which may result in a dosing error rate of 2400 %. The quantity of the dosing errors are related to the syringe exchange duration; however, impact of infusion hardware properties is generally larger. Smaller syringes, catheters with larger diameters and less compliant infusion systems in general give rise to smaller dosing errors during a syringe exchange. If both lines are clamped, additional dosing errors can be prevented.ConclusionInfusion hardware has a substantial impact on the dosing errors during a syringe exchange. Clamping or blocking the infusion lines using, e. g. stopcocks, on all infusion lines during a syringe exchange is essential.
Breast dynamic contrast enhanced MRI: fibrocystic changes presenting as a non-mass enhancement mimicking malignancy
Authors: Milosevic Zorica C. , Nadrljanski Mirjan M. , Milovanovic Zorka M. , Gusic Nina Z. , Vucicevic Slavko S. , Radulovic Olga S. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
We aimed to analyse the morphokinetic features of breast fibrocystic changes (nonproliferative lesions, proliferative lesions without atypia and proliferative lesions with atypia) presenting as a non-mass enhancement (NME)in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) examination.

Patients and methods
Forty-six patients with histologically proven fibrocystic changes (FCCs) were retrospectively reviewed, according to Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon. Prior to DCE-MRI examination, a unilateral breast lesion suspicious of malignancy was detected clinically, on mammography or breast ultrasonography.

Results
The predominant features of FCCs presenting as NME in DCE-MRI examination were: unilateral regional or diffuse distribution (in 35 patients or 76.1%), heterogeneous or clumped internal pattern of enhancement (in 36 patients or 78.3%), plateau time-intensity curve (in 25 patients or 54.3%), moderate or fast wash-in (in 31 patients or 67.4%).Nonproliferative lesions were found in 11 patients (24%), proliferative lesions without atypia in 29 patients (63%) and lesions with atypia in six patients (13%), without statistically significant difference of morphokinetic features, except of the association of clustered microcysts with proliferative dysplasia without atypia.

Conclusions
FCCs presenting as NME in DCE-MRI examination have several morphokinetic features suspicious of malignancy, therefore requiring biopsy (BI-RADS 4). Nonproliferative lesions, proliferative lesions without atypia and proliferative lesions with atypia predominantly share the same predefined DCE-MRI morphokinetic features.
On the performance of immobilized cell bioreactors utilizing a magnetic field
Authors: Al-Qodah Zakaria , Al-Shannag Mohammad , Al-Bosoul Mamdouh , Penchev Ivan , Al-Ahmadi Hamed , Al-Qodah Khaled 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This review focuses on the performance of immobilized cell bioreactors utilizing a magnetic field. These reactors utilized immobilized cells on magnetic particles or beads as the solid phase. All published research papers dealing with the performance of immobilized cell bioreactors utilizing a magnetic field from the early 1960s to the present time were considered and analyzed. It was noted that many microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae were immobilized on different supports in these reactors. These papers used the magnetic field for several purposes, mainly for the stabilization of magnetic particles to prevent their washout from the column while operating with relatively high substrate flow rates to enhance mass transfer processes. It was observed that most publications used an axial magnetic field. In addition, most of the magnetic particles were prepared by entrapment. Some comments are presented at the end of the review which show the gaps in this promising application.