bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turf wars: exploring splenomegaly in sickle cell disease in malaria‐endemic regions
Authors: Tubman Venée N. , Makani Julie 
Published: May 2017

SummarySickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of recessively inherited disorders of erythrocyte function that presents an ongoing threat to reducing childhood and adult morbidity and mortality around the world. While decades of research have led to improved survival for SCD patients in wealthy countries, survival remains dismal in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Much of the early mortality associated with SCD is attributed to increased risk of infections due to early loss of splenic function. In the West, bacterial infections with encapsulated organisms are a primary concern. In sub‐Saharan Africa, where the majority of infants with SCD are born, the same is true. However malaria presents an additional threat to survival. The search for factors that define variability in sickle cell phenotypes should include environmental modifiers, such as malaria. Further exploration of this relationship could lead to novel strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality attributable to infections. In this review, we explore the interactions between SCD, malaria and the spleen to better understand how splenomegaly and splenic (dys)function may co‐exist in patients with SCD living in malaria‐endemic areas.
Selective κ receptor partial agonist HS666 produces potent antinociception without inducing aversion after i.c.v. administration in mice
Authors: Spetea Mariana , Eans Shainnel O , Ganno Michelle L , Lantero Aquilino , Mairegger Michael , Toll Lawrence , Schmidhammer Helmut , McLaughlin Jay P 
Published: May 2017

Background and purposeThe κ receptor has a central role in modulating neurotransmission in central and peripheral neuronal circuits that subserve pain and other behavioural responses. Although κ receptor agonists do not produce euphoria or lead to respiratory suppression, they induce dysphoria and sedation. We hypothesized that brain‐penetrant κ receptor ligands possessing biased agonism towards G protein signalling over β‐arrestin2 recruitment would produce robust antinociception with fewer associated liabilities.Experimental approachTwo new diphenethylamines with high κ receptor selectivity, HS665 and HS666, were assessed following i.c.v. administration in mouse assays of antinociception with the 55°C warm‐water tail withdrawal test, locomotor activity in the rotorod and conditioned place preference. The [35S]‐GTPγS binding and β‐arrestin2 recruitment in vitro assays were used to characterize biased agonism.Key resultsHS665 (κ receptor agonist) and HS666 (κ receptor partial agonist) demonstrated dose‐dependent antinociception after i.c.v. administration mediated by the κ receptor. These highly selective κ receptor ligands displayed varying biased signalling towards G protein coupling in vitro, consistent with a reduced liability profile, reflected by reduced sedation and absence of conditioned place aversion for HS666.Conclusions and implicationsHS665 and HS666 activate central κ receptors to produce potent antinociception, with HS666 displaying pharmacological characteristics of a κ receptor analgesic with reduced liability for aversive effects correlating with its low efficacy in the β‐arrestin2 signalling pathway. Our data provide further understanding of the contribution of central κ receptors in pain suppression, and the prospect of dissociating the antinociceptive effects of HS665 and HS666 from κ receptor‐mediated adverse effects.
Response of Htr3a knockout mice to antidepressant treatment and chronic stress
Authors: Martin Vincent , Riffaud Armance , Marday Tevrasamy , Brouillard Charly , Franc Bernard , Tassin Jean‐Pol , Sevoz‐Couche Caroline , Mongeau Raymond , Lanfumey Laurence 
Published: May 2017

Background and PurposeIt has recently been suggested that 5‐HT3 receptor blockade enhances the efficacy of selective 5‐HT (serotonin) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants and may reverse stress‐induced deficits in rodents.Experimental ApproachTo further explore this hypothesis, we used mice lacking the 5‐HT3 receptor (Htr3a KO) and their wild‐type (WT) controls to assess their response in behavioural paradigms relevant to anxiety and depression. Mice were studied under basal, antidepressant treatments and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) conditions.Key ResultsIn basal conditions, Htr3a KO mice displayed anxiolytic‐ and antidepressant‐like behaviours in the elevated plus maze, the social interaction and the forced swim tests (FST), but behaved as WT mice in response to acute citalopram in the FST. However, the effects of fluoxetine were blunted in Htr3a KO mice in these same tests. In an in vitro electrophysiological paradigm, a low‐dose citalopram treatment triggered 5‐HT1A receptor desensitization only in the dorsal raphe nucleus of Htr3a KO, although a high dose desensitized 5‐HT1A autoreceptor function equally in Htr3a KO and WT mice, suggesting that citalopram may become effective at lower doses when 5‐HT3 receptors are inactivated. In addition, Htr3a deletion blocked CSDS‐induced modification in the cortical expression of two genes involved in oxidative stress, CaMKIIa and SOD1.Conclusions and ImplicationsTaken together, these data show that Htr3a deletion promotes SSRI efficacy and prevents the occurrence of stress‐induced deleterious effects, suggesting that the 5‐HT3 receptor may represent an interesting target for the treatment of stress‐related disorders.
Final results of a European, multicentre, prospective, observational study of Permacol™ collagen paste injection for the treatment of anal fistula
Authors: Giordano P. , Sileri P. , Buntzen S. , Nunoo‐Mensah J. , Lenisa L. , Singh B. , Thorlacius‐Ussing O. , Griffiths B. , Vujovic Z. , Stuto A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimPermacol™ collagen paste (Permacol™ paste) is an acellular cross‐linked porcine dermal collagen matrix suspension for use in soft‐tissue repair. The use of Permacol™ paste in the filling of anorectal fistula tract is a new sphincter‐preserving method for fistula repair. The MASERATI100 study was a prospective, observational clinical study with the objective to assess the efficacy of Permacol™ collagen paste for anal fistula repair in 100 patients.MethodPatients (n = 100) with anal fistula were treated, at 10 European surgical sites, with a sphincter‐preserving technique using Permacol™ paste. Fistula healing was assessed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post‐treatment, with the primary end‐point being healing at 6 months. Faecal continence and patient satisfaction were surveyed at each follow‐up; adverse events (AEs) were monitored throughout the follow‐up.ResultsAt 6 months postsurgery, 56.7% of patients were healed and the percentage healed was largely maintained, with 53.5% healed at 12 months. Regarding AEs, 29.0% of patients had at least one AE, and 16.0% of patients had one or more procedure‐related AE. Most AEs reported were minor and similar to those commonly observed after fistula treatment, and the incidence of serious adverse events was low (4.0% of patients). Regardless of treatment outcome, 73.0% of patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the procedure.ConclusionPermacol™ paste is a promising sphincter‐preserving treatment for anal fistulae and has minimal adverse side‐effects.
‘It's Fast, It's Quick, It Stops Me Being Sick’: How to influence preparation of opioid tablets for injection
Authors: Lafferty Lise , Treloar Carla , van Breda Nick , Steele Maureen , Hiley Sarah , Flaherty Ian , Salmon Allison 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Injection of pharmaceutical opioids (PO) among people who inject drugs has increased in many countries. The common method for preparing PO tablets for injection uses heat, resulting in greater particulate matter and therefore increased risk of local infection risk and damage to veins and organs. A cold preparation process has fewer risks, but this preparation method is not commonly used. This study seeks to explore how people who inject PO learn to prepare injections and how health promotion efforts could influence practice. Design and Methods. Between March and December 2013, qualitative interviews were undertaken with 33 clients of Sydney's Medically Supervised Injecting Centre who inject PO tablets regarding sources of knowledge and current preparation methods for injection of POs. Results. Overwhelmingly, the most commonly reported source of knowledge around injection of tablets was others who inject. Most participants reported heating the solution as the quickest way to administer the drug. Attitudes to the use of wheel filters varied, with some participants reporting that they would use the filters if they were shown how, while others reported a number of barriers to using filters, including complexity of use. Discussion and Conclusions. Harnessing the power of social connections may provide avenues for education about safer injecting of tablets, including the use of wheel filters. Further work is required to debunk myths about the relative potencies of cold versus hot drug solution. Collaborations between harm reduction workers and peer workers would assist in knowledge dissemination regarding safer injecting practices.
Fish assemblage production estimates in Appalachian streams across a latitudinal and temperature gradient
Authors: Myers Bonnie J.E. , Dolloff C. Andrew , Webster Jackson R. , Nislow Keith H. , Fair Brandon , Rypel Andrew L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractProduction of biomass is central to the ecology and sustainability of fish assemblages. The goal of this study was to empirically estimate and compare fish assemblage production, production‐to‐biomass (P/B) ratios and species composition for 25 second‐ to third‐order streams spanning the Appalachian Mountains (from Vermont to North Carolina) that vary in their temperature regimes. Fish assemblage production estimates ranged from 0.15 to 6.79 g m−2 year−1, and P/B ratios ranged from 0.20 to 1.07. There were no significant differences in mean assemblage production across northern cold‐water, southern cold‐water and southern cool‐water streams (p = .35). Two warm‐water streams, not included in these comparisons, had the highest mean production and biomass values. Mean assemblage P/B was significantly higher in northern cold‐water streams relative to southern cold‐water and cool‐water streams (p = .01). Species evenness in production declined with stream temperature and differed significantly across the lower latitude cold‐water, cool‐water and warm‐water streams and the higher latitude (i.e. more northern) cold‐water streams. Our fish assemblage production estimates and P/B ratios were both lower and higher compared to previously published estimates for similar stream habitats. This study provides empirical fish assemblage production estimates to inform future research on southern Appalachian streams and on the potential impacts of varying temperature regimes on cold‐water, cool‐water and warm‐water fish production in the coming decades as climate change continues to threaten fish assemblages.
Direct endovascular treatment: an alternative for bridging therapy in anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion stroke
Authors: Wang H. , Zi W. , Hao Y. , Yang D. , Shi Z. , Lin M. , Wang S. , Liu W. , Wang Z. , Liu X. , Guo F. , Liu Y. , Xu G. , Xiong Y. , Liu X. ,   the ACTUAL Investigators
Published: May 2017

Background and purposeWhether intravenous thrombolysis prior to endovascular treatment in patients with anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion (LVO) is indispensable remains unclear. The aim was to retrospectively compare, in a Chinese population, the effectiveness and safety of direct endovascular treatment (DEVT) initiated within 4.5 h after onset with bridging therapy in acute anterior circulation LVO stroke patients.MethodsA total of 363 patients, 160 in the bridging therapy group and 203 in the DEVT group, were enrolled between 2014 and 2016. Using propensity score matching analysis, 276 patients were matched. A modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2 was considered as good functional outcome.ResultsGood functional outcome at 90 days in the DEVT group [40.6% (56/138)] did not significantly differ from that in the bridging group [44.9% (62/138)] (P = 0.53). Rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage [13.8% (19/138) vs. 13.0% (18/138), P = 1.00] and mortality [25.4% (35/138) vs. 23.9% (33/138), P = 0.88] within 90 days were also not significantly different. Patients in the DEVT group had a lower rate of asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage [28.3% (39/138) vs. 44.9% (62/138), P = 0.01] and a higher rate of successful reperfusion [92.0% (127/138) vs. 81.9% (113/138), P = 0.02].ConclusionsOur results suggest that, in Chinese patients with anterior circulation LVO stroke, direct endovascular mechanical thrombectomy initiated within an intravenous thrombolysis time window carries similar effectiveness to that of bridging therapy and a decreased asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage risk. DEVT may be an alternative for bridging therapy. Future randomized controlled trials are warranted.
Petrography and geochemistry of upper Triassic sandstones from the Tumengela Formation in the Woruo Mountain area, North Qiangtang Basin, Tibet: Implications for provenance, source area weathering, and tectonic setting
Authors: Wang Zhongwei , Wang Jian , Fu Xiugen , Feng Xinglei , Wang Dong , Song Chunyan , Chen Wenbin , Zeng Shengqiang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe petrography and major and trace element concentrations of the sandstones from the Tumengela Formation in the Woruo Mountain area, North Qiangtang Basin, are studied to determine their provenance, intensity of weathering and tectonic setting. The detrital compositions of the Tumengela sandstone samples are dominated by quartz (58.0–70.1 %, average 64.7 %) and lithic fragments (21.8–35.9 %, average 27.3 %), but low in feldspar content (4.9–12.9 %, average 8.0 %). The sandstones can be classified as litharenite and feldspathic litharenite according to their detrital compositions, which is consistent with the geochemical data. The detrital modal compositions reflect that these sandstones are probably derived from a recycled orogenic source. The index of chemical variability (ICV) and SiO2/Al2O3 ratio values suggest that the compositional maturity and recycling were moderate. The weathering indices such as the chemical index of alteration (CIA), plagioclase index of alteration (PIA), chemical index of weathering (CIW), and Al2O3–(CaO* + Na2O)–K2O (A–CN–K) diagram indicate that the intensities of weathering in the source area were moderate. The Al2O3/TiO2, Th/Co, La/Sc, La/Co, Th/Sc, Cr/Th ratio values and the discriminant function of the Tumengela sandstones indicate that the sediments were mainly derived from felsic source rocks, while also mixed with intermediate source rocks. The comparison of rare earth element patterns and its Eu anomalies to the probable source rocks infer that the sandstones were derived from the combination of granite, rhyolite, dacite, and gneisses. The proximal central uplift belt was probably the primary provenance area as evidenced by the petrographical and geochemical features of the Tumengela sandstones. The multidimensional tectonic discrimination diagram based on major elements show a collision setting (80 %) combined with a rift setting (20 %) for the Tumengela sandstones, which is consistent with the general geology of the study areas.
Strength and deformation behavior of the Shimanto accretionary complex across the Nobeoka thrust
Authors: Kitajima Hiroko , Takahashi Miki , Otsubo Makoto , Saffer Demian , Kimura Gaku 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA rapid reduction in sediment porosity from 60 to 70 % at seafloor to less than 10 % at several kilometers depth can play an important role in deformation and seismicity in the shallow portion of subduction zones. We conducted deformation experiments on rocks from an ancient accretionary complex, the Shimanto Belt, across the Nobeoka Thrust to understand the deformation behaviors of rocks along plate boundary faults at seismogenic depth. Our experimental results for phyllites in the hanging wall and shale‐tuff mélanges in the footwall of the Nobeoka Thrust indicate that the Shimanto Belt rocks fail brittlely accompanied by a stress drop at effective pressures < 80 MPa, whereas they exhibit strain hardening at higher effective pressures. The transition from brittle to ductile behavior in the shale–tuff mélanges lies on the same trend in effective stress–porosity space as that for clay‐rich and tuffaceous sediments subducting into the modern Nankai subduction zone. Both the absolute yield strength and the effective pressure at the brittle–ductile transition for the phyllosilicate‐rich materials are much lower than for sandstones. These results suggest that as the clay‐rich or tuffaceous sediments subduct and their porosities are reduced, their deformation behavior gradually transitions from ductile to brittle and their yield strength increases. Our results also suggest that samples of the ancient Shimanto accretionary prism can serve as an analog for underthrust rocks at seismogenic depth in the modern Nankai Trough.
Acoustic properties of deformed rocks in the Nobeoka thrust, in the Shimanto Belt, Kyushu, Southwest Japan
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Abe Shogo , Tano Hiroki , Hamahashi Mari , Saito Saneatsu , Kimura Gaku , Yamaguchi Asuka , Fukuchi Rina , Kameda Jun , Hamada Yohei , Kitamura Yujin , Fujimoto Koichiro , Hina Shoko , Eida Mio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLaboratory measurements for compressional and shear wave velocities (Vp and Vs, respectively) and porosity were conducted with core samples from the Nobeoka Thrust Drilling Project (NOBELL) under controlled effective pressure (5–65 MPa at 5 MPa intervals) and wet conditions. Samples were classified according to deformation texture as phyllite, foliated cataclasite, or non‐foliated cataclasite. Measured values of Vp, Vs, and porosity are within a range of 5.17–5.57 km/s, 2.60–2.71 km/s, and 2.75–3.10 %, respectively, for phyllite; 4.89–5.23 km/s, 2.46–2.57 km/s, and 3.58–4.53 %, respectively, for foliated cataclasite; and 4.90–5.32 km/s, 2.51–2.63 km/s, and 3.79–4.60 %, respectively, for non‐foliated cataclasite, which are all consistent with the previous laboratory experiments conducted with outcrop samples under dry conditions. However, our results also indicate higher Vp and Vs and lower porosity than those measured by the previous studies that adopted the wire‐line logging methods. The variations in Vp, Vs, and porosity are controlled by deformation structure and are greater for phyllite and foliated cataclasite than for non‐foliated cataclasite.
Effect of raspberry pomace extracts isolated by high pressure extraction on the quality and shelf‐life of beef burgers
Authors: Kryževičūtė Nora , Jaime Isabel , Diez Ana M. , Rovira Jordi , Venskutonis Petras Rimantas 
Published: May 2017

SummaryRaspberry pomace extracts isolated with supercritical carbon dioxide (SCE) and pressurised ethanol/water (ETE) were tested in beef burgers. Only ETE additives effectively inhibited lipid oxidation and the growth of microorganisms, as it was observed by measuring the changes of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, bacterial counts and the content of O2 and CO2 during storage in the modified atmosphere package. ETE additives also demonstrated some meat colour preservation effects, which were assessed by the intensity of hamburger colour and metmyoglobin concentration. However, ETE additives did not alter burger's taste at the applied concentrations (up to 1%). It may be concluded that the most effective extracts possessing strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activity may be isolated from raspberry pomace by the pressurised liquid extraction with a hydroethanolic solvent; such extracts may be considered as promising additives in meat products for improving their stability and enriching with beneficial to health phytochemicals.
Empathy in paediatric intensive care nurses part 1: Behavioural and psychological correlates
Authors: Latimer Margot , Jackson Philip L. , Eugène Fanny , MacLeod Emily , Hatfield Tara , Vachon‐Presseau Etienne , Michon Pierre‐Emmanuel , Prkachin Kenneth M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo determine if differences exist between paediatric intensive care nurses and allied health professionals in empathy, secondary trauma, burnout, pain exposure and pain ratings of self and others. Early and late career differences were also examined.BackgroundNurses are routinely exposed to patient pain expression. This work context may make them vulnerable to adverse outcomes such as desensitization to patient pain or a compromise in personal well‐being.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsData were collected from a convenience sample of paediatric intensive care nurses (n = 27) and allied health professionals (n = 24), from September 2014–June 2015, at a Canadian health centre. Both groups completed one demographic and three behavioural scales. Participants underwent fMRI while rating the pain of infant and adult patients in a series of video clips. Data were analyzed using parametric and non‐parametric methods. fMRI results are reported in a second paper.ResultsNurses were significantly more likely to be exposed to pain at work than allied health professionals and scored significantly higher on dimensions of empathy, secondary trauma and burnout. Nurses scored their own pain and the pain of infant and adult patients, higher than allied health participants. Less experienced nurses had higher secondary trauma and burnout scores than more experienced nurses.ConclusionsPaediatric intensive care work demands, such as patient pain exposure, may be associated with nurse's higher report of empathy and pain in self and others, but also with higher levels of secondary trauma and burnout, when compared with allied health professionals.
Empathy in paediatric intensive care nurses part 2: Neural correlates
Authors: Jackson Philip L. , Latimer Margot , Eugène Fanny , MacLeod Emily , Hatfield Tara , Vachon‐Presseau Etienne , Michon Pierre‐Emmanuel , Prkachin Kenneth M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsTo determine if there are brain activity differences between paediatric intensive care nurses and allied health professionals during pain intensity rating tasks and test whether these differences are related to the population observed (infant or adult) and professional experience.BackgroundThe underestimation of patients’ pain by healthcare professionals has generally been associated with patterns of change in neural response to vicarious pain, notably reduced activation in regions associated with affective sharing and increased activation in regions associated with regulation, compared with controls. Paediatric nurses, however, have recently been found to provide higher estimates of infants’ pain in comparison to allied health controls, suggesting that changes in neural response of this population might be different than other health professionals.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsFunctional MRI data were acquired from September 2014–June 2015 and used to compare changes in brain activity in 27 female paediatric care nurses and 24 allied health professionals while rating the pain of infants and adults in a series of video clips.ResultsPaediatric nurses rated infant and adult pain higher than allied health professionals, but the two groups’ neural response only differed during observation of infant pain; paediatric nurses mainly showed significantly less activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (linked to cognitive empathy) and in the left anterior insula and inferior frontal cortex (linked to affective sharing).ConclusionsPatterns of neural activity to vicarious pain may vary across healthcare professions and patient populations and the amount of professional experience might explain part of these differences.