bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Portable Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Monitor Accuracy
Authors: Cooper Earl , Grundstein Andrew , Rosen Adam , Miles Jessica , Ko Jupil , Curry Patrick 
Published: November 2017

Context: Wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is the gold standard for assessing environmental heat stress during physical activity. Many manufacturers of commercially available instruments fail to report WBGT accuracy.Objective: To determine the accuracy of several commercially available WBGT monitors compared with a standardized reference device.Design: Observational study.Setting: Field test.Patients or Other Participants: Six commercially available WBGT devices.Main Outcome Measure(s): Data were recorded for 3 sessions (1 in the morning and 2 in the afternoon) at 2-minute intervals for at least 2 hours. Mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean bias error (MBE), and the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) were calculated to determine instrument performance compared with the reference unit.Results: The QUESTemp° 34 (MAE = 0.24°C, RMSE = 0.44°C, MBE = –0.64%) and Extech HT30 Heat Stress Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Meter (Extech; MAE = 0.61°C, RMSE = 0.79°C, MBE = 0.44%) demonstrated the least error in relation to the reference standard, whereas the General WBGT8778 Heat Index Checker (General; MAE = 1.18°C, RMSE = 1.34°C, MBE = 4.25%) performed the poorest. The QUESTemp° 34 and Kestrel 4400 Heat Stress Tracker units provided conservative measurements that slightly overestimated the WBGT provided by the reference unit. Finally, instruments using the psychrometric wet bulb temperature (General, REED Heat Index WBGT Meter, and WBGT-103 Heat Stroke Checker) tended to underestimate the WBGT, and the resulting values more frequently fell into WBGT-based activity categories with fewer restrictions as defined by the American College of Sports Medicine.Conclusions: The QUESTemp° 34, followed by the Extech, had the smallest error compared with the reference unit. Moreover, the QUESTemp° 34, Extech, and Kestrel units appeared to offer conservative yet accurate assessments of the WBGT, potentially minimizing the risk of allowing physical activity to continue in stressful heat environments. Instruments using the psychrometric wet bulb temperature tended to underestimate WBGT under low wind-speed conditions. Accurate WBGT interpretations are important to enable clinicians to guide activities in hot and humid weather conditions.
A propos de cas de septicémie à pneumocoques (Streptococcus pneumonia) chez le veau dans un contexte d’affections respiratoires récidivantes humaines
Authors: Vaissaire Josée , Manet Ghislain , Geslin Pierre , Notin Georges 
Published: November 2017

Les auteurs décrivent deux foyers de pneumopathies, méningites et septicémies à pneumocoques chez des veaux en France en Avril-Mai 1997. L’affection sévit chez des animaux très jeunes de 0 à 4 semaines. Cette maladie peut être confondue avec de la colibacillose ou de la salmonellose.
Les sérotypes isolées sont les 14 et 15b, le 14 était multirésistant aux antibiotiques. Les éleveurs étaient atteints de troubles respiratoires chroniques et récidivants.
Features in air ions measured by an air ion spectrometer (AIS) at Dome C
Authors: Chen Xuemeng , Virkkula Aki , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Manninen Hanna E. , Busetto Maurizio , Lanconelli Christian , Lupi Angelo , Vitale Vito , Del Guasta Massimo , Grigioni Paolo , Väänänen Riikka , Duplissy Ella-Maria , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. An air ion spectrometer (AIS) was deployed for the first time at the Concordia station at Dome C (75°06′ S, 123°23′ E; 3220 m a. s. l. ), Antarctica during the period 22 December 2010–16 November 2011 for measuring the number size distribution of air ions. In this work, we present results obtained from this air ion data set together with aerosol particle and meteorological data. The main processes that modify the number size distribution of air ions during the measurement period at this high-altitude site included new particle formation (NPF, observed on 85 days), wind-induced ion formation (observed on 36 days), and ion production and loss associated with cloud/fog formation (observed on 2 days). For the subset of days when none of these processes seemed to operate, the concentrations of cluster ions (0.9–1.9 nm) exhibited a clear seasonality, with high concentrations in the warm months and low concentrations in the cold. Compared to event-free days, days with NPF were observed with higher cluster ion concentrations. A number of NPF events were observed with restricted growth below 10 nm, which were termed as suppressed NPF. There was another distinct feature, namely a simultaneous presence of two or three separate NPF and subsequent growth events, which were named as multi-mode NPF events. Growth rates (GRs) were determined using two methods: the appearance time method and the mode fitting method. The former method seemed to have advantages in characterizing NPF events with a fast GR, whereas the latter method is more suitable when the GR was slow. The formation rate of 2 nm positive ions (J2+) was calculated for all the NPF events for which a GR in the 2–3 nm size range could be determined. On average, J2+ was about 0.014 cm−3 s−1. The ion production in relation to cloud/fog formation in the size range of 8–42 nm seemed to be a unique feature at Dome C, which has not been reported elsewhere. These ions may, however, either be multiply charged particles but detected as singly charged in the AIS, or be produced inside the instrument, due to the breakage of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), possibly related to the instrumental behaviour under the extremely cold condition. For the wind-induced ion formation, our observations suggest that the ions originated more likely from atmospheric nucleation of vapours released from the snow than from mechanical charging of shattered snow flakes and ice crystals.
The effect of cloud liquid water on tropospheric temperature retrievals from microwave measurements
Authors: Bernet Leonie , Navas-Guzmán Francisco , Kämpfer Niklaus 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Microwave radiometry is a suitable technique to measure atmospheric temperature profiles with high temporal resolution during clear sky and cloudy conditions. In this study, we included cloud models in the inversion algorithm of the microwave radiometer TEMPERA (TEMPErature RAdiometer) to determine the effect of cloud liquid water on the temperature retrievals. The cloud models were built based on measurements of cloud base altitude and integrated liquid water (ILW), all performed at the aerological station (MeteoSwiss) in Payerne (Switzerland). Cloud base altitudes were detected using ceilometer measurements while the ILW was measured by a HATPRO (Humidity And Temperature PROfiler) radiometer. To assess the quality of the TEMPERA retrieval when clouds were considered, the resulting temperature profiles were compared to 2 years of radiosonde measurements. The TEMPERA instrument measures radiation at 12 channels in the frequency range from 51 to 57 GHz, corresponding to the left wing of the oxygen emission line complex. When the full spectral information with all the 12 frequency channels was used, we found a marked improvement in the temperature retrievals after including a cloud model. The chosen cloud model influenced the resulting temperature profile, especially for high clouds and clouds with a large amount of liquid water. Using all 12 channels, however, presented large deviations between different cases, suggesting that additional uncertainties exist in the lower, more transparent channels. Using less spectral information with the higher, more opaque channels only also improved the temperature profiles when clouds where included, but the influence of the chosen cloud model was less important. We conclude that tropospheric temperature profiles can be optimized by considering clouds in the microwave retrieval, and that the choice of the cloud model has a direct impact on the resulting temperature profile.
Ferrihydrite-associated organic matter (OM) stimulates reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and a complex microbial consortia
Authors: Cooper Rebecca Elizabeth , Eusterhues Karin , Wegner Carl-Eric , Totsche Kai Uwe , Küsel Kirsten 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The formation of Fe(III) oxides in natural environments occurs in the presence of natural organic matter (OM), resulting in the formation of OM–mineral complexes that form through adsorption or coprecipitation processes. Thus, microbial Fe(III) reduction in natural environments most often occurs in the presence of OM–mineral complexes rather than pure Fe(III) minerals. This study investigated to what extent does the content of adsorbed or coprecipitated OM on ferrihydrite influence the rate of Fe(III) reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, a model Fe(III)-reducing microorganism, in comparison to a microbial consortium extracted from the acidic, Fe-rich Schlöppnerbrunnen fen. We found that increased OM content led to increased rates of microbial Fe(III) reduction by S. oneidensis MR-1 in contrast to earlier findings with the model organism Geobacter bremensis. Ferrihydrite–OM coprecipitates were reduced slightly faster than ferrihydrites with adsorbed OM. Surprisingly, the complex microbial consortia stimulated by a mixture of electrons donors (lactate, acetate, and glucose) mimics S. oneidensis under the same experimental Fe(III)-reducing conditions suggesting similar mechanisms of electron transfer whether or not the OM is adsorbed or coprecipitated to the mineral surfaces. We also followed potential shifts of the microbial community during the incubation via 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses to determine variations due to the presence of adsorbed or coprecipitated OM–ferrihydrite complexes in contrast to pure ferrihydrite. Community profile analyses showed no enrichment of typical model Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, such as Shewanella or Geobacter sp., but an enrichment of fermenters (e.g., Enterobacteria) during pure ferrihydrite incubations which are known to use Fe(III) as an electron sink. Instead, OM–mineral complexes favored the enrichment of microbes including Desulfobacteria and Pelosinus sp., both of which can utilize lactate and acetate as an electron donor under Fe(III)-reducing conditions. In summary, this study shows that increasing concentrations of OM in OM–mineral complexes determines microbial Fe(III) reduction rates and shapes the microbial community structure involved in the reductive dissolution of ferrihydrite. Similarities observed between the complex Fe(III)-reducing microbial consortia and the model Fe(III)-reducer S. oneidensis MR-1 suggest electron-shuttling mechanisms dominate in OM-rich environments, including soils, sediments, and fens, where natural OM interacts with Fe(III) oxides during mineral formation.
Os Direitos Humanos e as questões de Gênero.
Authors: Tedeschi Losandro Antonio , Colling Ana Maria 
Published: November 2017

Gênero e Direitos Humanos tem se demonstrado um problema de difícil solução nos últimos anos. A desigualdade de gênero é uma afronta à igualização proposta pelos Direitos Humanos desde a sua fundação no século XVIII. E esta desigualdade, o poder e o domínio de uns sobre outras tem também a sua história. A reivindicação de Direitos Humanos aplicados às mulheres ocorre porque até há pouco tempo não eram consideradas humanas, mas sim, filhas, esposas de humanos. Apesar disso, a questão de gênero, ou a reivindicação dos direitos humanos para as mulheres ainda está em construção. A violência contra as mulheres e contra os homossexuais, apresenta-se como um desafio a ser vencido para quem almeja uma sociedade mais justa e igualitária para todos e todas. O artigo busca analisar a conexão entre estudos feministas e de gênero e avaliar os sentidos e significados dessas categorias e a sua incidência na geração de mudanças legais e culturais orientadas à equidade de gênero e à expansão da cidadania das mulheres.
Análise da influência de porões ventilados no estado de conservação de edificações históricas com novos usos na cidade de Pelotas/RS
Authors: Estima Silva Mariana , Da Silva Torres Ariela , Tourinho Salamoni Isabel 
Published: November 2017

Atualmente, a alteração do uso original de prédios históricos por espaços expositivos é uma alternativa de preservação destas construções. Entretanto, é comum o surgimento de danos após o processo de retrofit, em razão das alterações microclimáticas ideais para o novo uso. A fim de conhecer as potencialidades do prédio em razão dos sistemas construtivos, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa é analisar a influência da existência de porões ventilados, em prédios históricos com novos usos, na incidência de manifestações patológicas. Para isso, foram analisadas três edificações do século XIX, das quais duas possuem porão ventilado. Para a análise foram escolhidos ambientes com mesma orientação solar e com o novo uso de sala de exposições. O estudo contou com levantamentos visuais e fotográficos trimestrais, durante 12 meses, a fim de avaliar o comportamento dessas manifestações. Além disso, imagens termográficas das paredes internas foram realizadas, para visualizar o comportamento da umidade ascendente nesses espaços. Concluiu-se que, para prédios sem porão ventilado, não são indicados novos usos que impossibilitem as trocas de ar periódicas e a incidência de luz solar em seu interior, visto que tendem a causar danos aos materiais construtivos.
Abstract
Currently, the alteration of the original use of historic buildings by exhibition rooms is an alternative of preservation of these constructions. However, it is common that the building develop damages after the retrofit process, due to the ideal microclimatic changes for the new use. In order to know the potentialities of the buildings that related to the constructive systems, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of the existence of ventilated basements, in historical buildings with new uses, in the incidence of pathological manifestations. For this, three buildings of the nineteenth century were analyzed, two of this have ventilated basement. For the analysis were chosen environments with the same solar orientation and with the new use of the exhibition room. For the study had quarterly visual and photographic surveys for 12 months in order to evaluate the behavior of the pathological manifestations. In addition, thermographic images of the inner walls were performed, to visualize the behavior of ascent humidity in these spaces. It was concluded that, for buildings without a ventilated basement, no new uses are indicated that would prevent periodic air changes and the incidence of sunlight in their interior, since they tend to cause damage to the building materials.
Secondary glaucoma in uveitis: comparison of the optic nerve head morphology among a nonmydriatic fundus camera, HRT, and SD-OCT
Authors: Pahlitzsch Milena , Klamann Matthias K.J. , Jacob Saskia , Erb Carl , Winterhalter Sibylle , Torun Necip , Maier Anna-Karina B. , Bertelmann Eckart 
Published: November 2017

Purpose: To assess the correlation between the disc damage likelihood scale (DDLS) objectively measured by a nonmydriatic fundus camera, confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscopy (HRT3), and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in uveitic glaucoma. Methods: A total of 59 patients with uveitic glaucoma (21 female, 38 male; mean age 56.8 ± 18.7 years) were included in this prospective cross-sectional study. All patients were measured by the Kowa Nonmyd WX 3D camera (2D/3D nonmydriatic retinal camera, Kowa Company), the HRT3 (Heidelberg Engineering), and SD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec) by one examiner on the same day. All 3 devices graded the optic disc topography. Statistical data were calculated using SPSS (v 20.0, SPSS). Results: In patients showing borderline results in one of the modalities (n = 45), the DDLS showed a significant correlation with the retinal nerve fiber layer (p = 0.016), while Moorfields regression analysis (p = 0.550) and glaucoma probability score (p = 0.629) did not correlate significantly. The highest predictive power was demonstrated by the objectively measured DDLS (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.445-0.588), compared to R. Burk (0.149-0.375) and F.S. Mikelberg (0.033-0.450) coefficients considering HRT and optical coherence tomography. Conclusions: In this study cohort, the objective DDLS showed the highest predictive power and thus is a reliable tool in diagnosing uveitic glaucoma. These 3 devices cannot be used interchangeably. As diagnosis and follow-ups are challenging in uveitis patients, the stereophotography is additionally a valuable tool.
Outcomes and Mortality after Hip Fractures Treated in Kazakhstan
Authors: Amrayev Sultan , AbuJazar Ussama , Stucinskas Justinas , Smailys Alfredas , Tarasevicius Sarunas 
Published: November 2017

Introduction Patients with hip fractures are usually treated operatively in Western Europe. However, in Mid-Asia different indications are used to decide whether this patient is suitable for operative treatment and those are related to specific traditions and rules in hospital. Thus, traditions and surgeon/patient fears seem to affect treatment choices in hip fractures and subsequent outcomes. The aim of our study was to investigate patients with hip fractures and compare outcome at 1-year follow-up in the operated and nonoperated patient groups. Methods All patients over 50 years old who sustained a hip fracture, between January 2014 and December 2014, were included. Patients were assessed preoperatively and at 1-year follow-up, using questionnaires from National Swedish Hip Fracture Register and quality of life (Euroqol EQ-5D). Results Out of 398 included patients, 299 were operated on and 99 were not. 344 patients remained for our analysis before the end of 1-year follow-up. 51 patients (65%) deceased in the nonoperated group as compared to 55 (21%) in the operated group, p<0.001. Out of 27 patients in the nonoperated group hip function was evaluated at 1-year follow-up, 11 (41%) were walking independently or using 1 stick, as compared to 192 (91%) in the operated group. Conclusions We conclude that nonoperative treatment of hip fracture patients is associated with higher mortality and worse functional outcome as compared to those who were treated operatively. We therefore advocate operative treatment of the hip fracture in the vast majority of cases.
Hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis: an observational study in two international centers
Authors: Lu Renhua , Estremadoyro Carla , Chen Xiaohuan , Zhu Mingli , Ribeiro Leonardo C. , Yan Yucheng , Brendolan Alessandra , Fang Wei , Crepaldi Carlo , Ni Zhaohui , Gu Leyi , Ronco Claudio 
Published: November 2017

Introduction: Given that it is difficult to randomize end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients to either hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD), differences between these renal replacement therapy (RRT) modalities are of major interest and remain controversial. Methods: All data on maintenance dialysis patients during 2009 to 2013 in the Renji Hospital in Shanghai, China and in the San Bortolo Hospital in Vicenza, Italy were selected. Patients who changed their therapy from HD to PD or PD to HD during this study were excluded. Results: 919 maintenance dialysis patients were included in the present study, including 509 patients on HD and 410 on PD. During the 5-year follow-up, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was higher in HD patients. The level of serum HCO3- was significantly better in PD patients than in HD patients. Phosphate was significantly higher in HD patients than in PD patients. With respect to lipid metabolism, triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL were significantly higher in PD patients. Serum protein and albumin were higher in HD patients than in PD patients. Overall, 236 patients died (25.7%); 150 (16.3%) on HD and 86 (9.4%) on PD. The main cause of death in HD and PD patients was cerebral vascular disease and infection, respectively. After adjusting for dialysis vintage, the Kaplan-Meier patient survival was similar between HD and PD patients. Conclusions: Based on 5 years of data, we demonstrate that lipid metabolism and nutritional status were better in HD patients. However, blood pressure control, acid-base balance, phosphate (P) control were better in PD patients. The main cause of death in HD and PD was cerebral vascular disease and infection, respectively. Considering the dialysis vintage, the Kaplan-Meier patient survival was similar between HD and PD patients.
Fluid structure interaction model analysis of cerebrospinal fluid circulation in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Luc Jessica G.Y. , Pierre Clifford A. , Phan Kevin , Vahedein Yashar S. , Liberson Alexander S. , Cornwell William K. , Phillips Steven J. , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang 
Published: November 2017

Purpose: The current 1-dimensional fluid structure interaction model (FSI) for understanding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation requires pulsatility as a precondition and has not been applied to patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVAD) where pulsatility is chronically reduced. Our study aims to characterize the behavior of CSF pressure and flow in patients with CF-LVADs using a computational FSI model. Methods: Utilizing the computational FSI model, CSF production in choroid plexuses of the 4 ventricles was specified as a boundary condition for the model. The other source of production from capillary ultrafiltrate spaces was accounted for by the mass conservation equation. The primary CSF absorption sites (i.e., arachnoid granulations) were treated as the outlet boundary conditions. We established a low pulse wave to represent patients with a CF-LVAD. Results: From the model, low pulse conditions resulted in a reduction in CSF pressure amplitude and velocity though the overall flow rate was unchanged. Conclusions: The existing FSI model is not a suitable representation of CSF flow in CF-LVAD patients. More studies are needed to elucidate the role of pulsatility in CSF flow and the compensatory changes in CSF production and absorption that occur in patients with CF-LVADs in whom pulsatility is diminished.