bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration Processes Compared: Cortical Differences for Consistency Evaluation and Passive Comprehension in Local and Global Coherence
Authors: Egidi Giovanna , Caramazza Alfonso 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This research studies the neural systems underlying two integration processes that take place during natural discourse comprehension: consistency evaluation and passive comprehension. Evaluation was operationalized with a consistency judgment task and passive comprehension with a passive listening task. Using fMRI, the experiment examined the integration of incoming sentences with more recent, local context and with more distal, global context in these two tasks. The stimuli were stories in which we manipulated the consistency of the endings with the local context and the relevance of the global context for the integration of the endings. A whole-brain analysis revealed several differences between the two tasks. Two networks previously associated with semantic processing and attention orienting showed more activation during the judgment than the passive listening task. A network previously associated with episodic memory retrieval and construction of mental scenes showed greater activity when global context was relevant, but only during the judgment task. This suggests that evaluation, more than passive listening, triggers the reinstantiation of global context and the construction of a rich mental model for the story. Finally, a network previously linked to fluent updating of a knowledge base showed greater activity for locally consistent endings than inconsistent ones, but only during passive listening, suggesting a mode of comprehension that relies on a local scope approach to language processing. Taken together, these results show that consistency evaluation and passive comprehension weigh differently on distal and local information and are implemented, in part, by different brain networks.
Temporal Binding and Segmentation in Visual Search: A Computational Neuroscience Analysis
Authors: Mavritsaki Eirini , Humphreys Glyn 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Human visual search operates not only over space but also over time, as old items remain in the visual field and new items appear. Preview search (where one set of distractors appears before the onset of a second set) has been used as a paradigm to study search over time and space [Watson, D. G., & Humphreys, G. W. Visual marking: Prioritizing selection for new objects by top–down attentional inhibition of old objects. Psychological Review, 104, 90–122, 1997], with participants showing efficient search when old distractors can be ignored and new targets prioritized. The benefits of preview search are lost, however, if a temporal gap is introduced between a first presentation of the old items and the re-presentation of all the items in the search display [Kunar, M. A., Humphreys, G. W., & Smith, K. J. History matters: The preview benefit in search is not onset capture. Psychological Science, 14, 181–185, 2003a], consistent with the old items being bound by temporal onset to the new stimuli. This effect of temporal binding can be eliminated if the old items reappear briefly before the new items, indicating also a role for the memory of the old items. Here we simulate these effects of temporal coding in search using the spiking search over time and space model [Mavritsaki, E., Heinke, D., Allen, H., Deco, G., & Humphreys, G. W. Bridging the gap between physiology and behavior: Evidence from the sSoTS model of human visual attention. Psychological Review, 118, 3–41, 2011]. We show that a form of temporal binding by new onsets has to be introduced to the model to simulate the effects of a temporal gap, but that effects of the memory of the old item can stem from continued neural suppression across a temporal gap. We also show that the model can capture the effects of brain lesion on preview search under the different temporal conditions. The study provides a proof-of-principle analysis that neural suppression and temporal binding can be sufficient to account for human search over time and space.
Neural Measures Reveal Implicit Learning during Language Processing
Authors: Batterink Laura J. , Cheng Larry Y. , Paller Ken A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLanguage input is highly variable; phonological, lexical, and syntactic features vary systematically across different speakers, geographic regions, and social contexts. Previous evidence shows that language users are sensitive to these contextual changes and that they can rapidly adapt to local regularities. For example, listeners quickly adjust to accented speech, facilitating comprehension. It has been proposed that this type of adaptation is a form of implicit learning. This study examined a similar type of adaptation, syntactic adaptation, to address two issues: (1) whether language comprehenders are sensitive to a subtle probabilistic contingency between an extraneous feature (font color) and syntactic structure and (2) whether this sensitivity should be attributed to implicit learning. Participants read a large set of sentences, 40% of which were garden-path sentences containing temporary syntactic ambiguities. Critically, but unbeknownst to participants, font color probabilistically predicted the presence of a garden-path structure, with 75% of garden-path sentences (and 25% of normative sentences) appearing in a given font color. ERPs were recorded during sentence processing. Almost all participants indicated no conscious awareness of the relationship between font color and sentence structure. Nonetheless, after sufficient time to learn this relationship, ERPs time-locked to the point of syntactic ambiguity resolution in garden-path sentences differed significantly as a function of font color. End-of-sentence grammaticality judgments were also influenced by font color, suggesting that a match between font color and sentence structure increased processing fluency. Overall, these findings indicate that participants can implicitly detect subtle co-occurrences between physical features of sentences and abstract, syntactic properties, supporting the notion that implicit learning mechanisms are generally operative during online language processing.
Seven new species of the earthworm genus Metaphire Sims &amp; Easton, 1972 from Thailand (Clitellata: Megascolecidae)
Authors: BANTAOWONG UEANGFA , CHANABUN RATMANEE , JAMES SAMUEL W. , PANHA SOMSAK 
Published: May 2016

Earthworm specimens collected from various parts of Thailand were found to contain seven new species of the genus Metaphire Sims & Easton, 1972. These are M. songkhlaensis sp. n. in the octothecal pulauensis species group, M. trangensis sp. n. in the octothecal ignobilis species group, M. khaoluangensis sp. n. and M. khaochamao sp. n. in the sexthecal houlleti species group, M. doiphamon sp. n. in the sexthecal peguana species group, M. saxicalcis sp. n. in the quadrithecal planata species group, and the bithecal M. surinensis sp. n. Type material of some established species from Thailand or northern Malaysia was reinvestigated and illustrated to confirm the status of the new species and to facilitate species comparisons: M. pulauensis (Beddard, 1900), M. baruana (Stephenson, 1932), both with newly designated lectotypes, and M. planata (Gates, 1936), illustrated and redescribed.
Autoregressive Modeling for Tropical Cyclone Intensity Climatology
Authors: Lee Chia-Ying , Tippett Michael K. , Sobel Adam H. , Camargo Suzana J. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
An autoregressive model is developed to simulate the climatological distribution of global tropical cyclone (TC) intensity. The model consists of two components: a regression-based deterministic component that advances the TC intensity in time and depends on the storm state and surrounding large-scale environment and a stochastic forcing. Potential intensity, deep-layer mean vertical shear, and midlevel relative humidity are the environmental variables included in the deterministic component. Given a storm track and its environment, the model is initialized and then iterated along the track. Model performance is evaluated by its ability to represent the observed global and basin distributions of TC intensity as well as lifetime maximum intensity (LMI). The deterministic model alone captures the spatial features of the climatological TC intensity distribution but with intensities that remain below 100 kt (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1). Addition of white (uncorrelated in time) stochastic forcing reduces this bias by improving the simulated intensification rates and the frequency of major storms. The model simulates a realistic range of intensities, but the frequency of major storms remains too low in some basins.
The Transformative Potential of Role-Playing Games—: From Play Skills to Human Skills
Authors: Daniau Stéphane 
Published: May 2016

Background. Several authors from different fields have already mentioned the educational potential of role-playing games (RPG). As tabletop role-playing games (TRPG) present some similarities with small adult groups in learning and personal development situations, what about their transformative potential? Aim. The purpose of this article is to describe the tabletop role-playing game’s emerging context, a few of its specificities and functions, to show links with several education, play and game, and personal development theories, and to raise awareness about its transformative potential. Methods. Three complementary approaches were used: a literature review (academics and role-players), action-researches through a transformative role-playing game (“TF-RPG” – a TRPG plus a debriefing), and data cross-analysis. Results. Participants are involved in the TF-RPG through four levels of reality, namely the character, player, person, and human being, which can be associated with four dimensions of learning: knowing, doing, being, and relating. The unveiling of links between the TF-RPG experience and their personal journey offers the participants various ways of learning and paths towards personal development. Conclusion. TRPGs are particularly effective to foster knowledge acquisition, develop role-play skills, strengthen team building, encourage collaborative creativity, and explore one’s personal development.
The SCOPE of Hospital Falls
Authors: Taylor Ellen , Hignett Sue 
Published: May 2016

Purpose: This systematic mixed studies review on hospital falls is aimed to facilitate proactive decision-making for patient safety during the healthcare facility design. Background: Falls were identified by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services as a nonreimbursed hospital-acquired condition (HAC) due to volume and cost, and additional financial penalties were introduced with the 2014 U.S. HAC reduction program. In 2015, the Joint Commission alert identified patient falls as one of the top reported sentinel events, and the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) added slips, trips, and falls as a focus for investigators’ healthcare inspections. Variations in fall rates at both the hospital and the unit level are indicative of an ongoing challenge. The built environment can act as a barrier or enhancement to achieving the desired results in safety complexity that includes the organization, people, and environment. Methods: The systematic literature review used Medical Subject Heading terms and key word alternates for hospital falls with searches in MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CINAHL. The search was limited to English-language papers. Results: Following full-text review, 27 papers were included and critically appraised using an evaluation matrix that included a mixed methods appraisal tool. Themes were coded by broad categories of factors for organization (policy/operations), people (caregivers/staff, patients), and the environment (healthcare facility design). Subcategories were developed to define the physical environment and consider the potential interventions in the context of relative stability. Conclusions: Conditions of hospital falls were identified and evaluated through the literature review. A theoretical model was developed to propose a human factors framework while considering the permanence of solutions.
Revisiting the Stereochemistry of Propylene Isotactic Polymerization Reaction Mechanism on C2 Symmetric [SiH2(Ind)2ZrCH3]+ and [SiH2(Ind)2ZrCH3]+[CH3B(C6F5)3]−
Authors: Sandhya Karakkadparambil Sankaran , Koga Nobuaki , Nagaoka Masataka 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The [SiH2(Ind)2ZrCH3]+ (Ind = indenyl) catalyzed stereoregularity of propylene polymerization mechanism has been investigated at M06 level of theory. Four different approaches of propylene to the reactive catalyst lead to four isomeric products due to the C2 symmetry of bridged Ind ligand of the catalyst. Consequently, various possibilities of propylene attack as well as orientation of polymer chain yield numerous stereoisomers. The calculations of the first and second insertions with various conformers clarified the most favorable reaction pathway and showed that isotactic propagation is more favorable (3.5 kcal mol−1) than syndiotactic propagation. The structures of resting state catalysts displayed various agostic interactions of the CH bond with the Zr center which stabilize the catalytic systems and play important roles in determining the favorable reaction pathway. The influence of counter anion [CH3B(C6F5)3]− on the reactivity of the catalyst was also studied. The results also confirm that the trans orientation of the counter anion with respect to propylene is more favorable than its cis orientation and clarify the most favorable reaction pathway in the first and second insertion. Because agostic interactions are involved in various aspects, AIM analysis has been used to find the bonding nature of agostic interactions as well as ion-pair bonds. The overall results suggest that rigidity of ansa-zirconocene, unique structure of C2 symmetric ansa ligand, influence of [CH3B(C6F5)3]− and β agostic interaction may restrict the attack of propylene only to isotactic polymerization and not to syndiotactic polymerization.
Online Grocery Retail: Revenue Models and Environmental Impact
Authors: Belavina Elena , Girotra Karan , Kabra Ashish 
Published: May 2016

This paper compares the financial and environmental performance of two revenue models for the online retailing of groceries: the per-order model, where customers pay for each delivery, and the subscription model, where customers pay a set fee and receive free deliveries. We build a stylized model that incorporates (i) customers with ongoing uncertain grocery needs and who choose between shopping offline or online and (ii) an online retailer that makes deliveries through a proprietary distribution network. We find that subscription incentivizes smaller and more frequent grocery orders, which reduces food waste and creates more value for the customer; the result is higher retailer revenues, lower grocery costs, and potentially higher adoption rates. These advantages are countered by greater delivery-related travel and expenses, which are moderated by area geography and routing-related scale economies. Subscription also leads to lower food waste–related emissions but to higher delivery-related emissions. Ceteris paribus, the per-order model is preferable for higher-margin retailers with higher-consumption product assortments that are sold in sparsely populated markets spread over large, irregular areas with high delivery costs. Geographic and demographic data indicate that the subscription model is almost always environmentally preferable because lower food waste emissions dominate higher delivery emissions. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
The Surprising Effectiveness of Hostile Mediators
Authors: Zhang Ting , Gino Francesca , Norton Michael I. 
Published: May 2016

Contrary to the tendency of mediators to defuse negative emotions between adversaries by treating them kindly, we demonstrate the surprising effectiveness of hostile mediators in resolving conflict. Hostile mediators generate greater willingness to reach agreements between adversaries (Experiment 1). Consequently, negotiators interacting with hostile mediators are better able to reach agreements in incentive-compatible negotiations than those interacting with nice mediators (Experiment 2). By serving as common enemies, hostile mediators cause adversaries in conflict to feel more connected and become more willing to reach agreement (Experiments 3 and 4). Finally, we manipulate the target of mediators’ hostility to document the moderating role of common enemies: mediators who directed their hostility toward both negotiators (bilateral hostility)—becoming a common enemy—increased willingness to reach agreement; those who directed hostility at just one negotiator (unilateral hostility) did not serve as common enemies, eliminating the hostile mediator effect (Experiment 5). We discuss theoretical and practical implications, and we suggest future directions. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2431 . This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
How Targeting Affects Customer Search: A Field Experiment
Authors: Fong Nathan M. 
Published: May 2016

It has become common practice for retailers to personalize direct marketing efforts based on customer transaction histories as a tactic to increase sales. Targeted email offers featuring products in the same category as a customer’s previous purchases generate higher purchase rates. However, a targeted offer emphasizing familiar products could result in curtailed search for unadvertised products, as a closely matched offer weakens a customer’s incentives to search beyond the targeted items. In a field experiment using email offers sent by an online wine retailer, targeted offers resulted in decreased search activity on the retailer’s website. This effect is driven by a lower rate of search by customers who visit the site, rather than a lower incidence of search. There are several ways this could potentially hurt retailers and consumers, such as reduced cross-selling and fewer opportunities for customers to explore new products. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
Dynamic Product Rotation in the Presence of Strategic Customers
Authors: Bernstein Fernando , Martínez-de-Albéniz Victor 
Published: May 2016

Dynamic product rotation is perceived as a useful lever to increase sales. The effect over individual customers is, however, unclear: more choice in the future may induce them to postpone a purchase if the current offer is not sufficiently appealing, hoping to buy a better product in the future; moreover, visiting a store to learn about a new product may be costly, thereby diminishing the value of product updates. We analyze a model of strategic customer behavior in the face of a rotating product offering, with variable assortment depth. We find that the customers’ visit and purchase decisions follow a relatively simple structure: a customer should visit the store only when new products have been introduced and purchase a product if the value it provides is higher than a threshold. We then use this structure to examine the retailer’s optimal product-rotation policy. The structure of the optimal policy depends on product-rotation costs and capacity constraints. When capacity constraints are tight, the retailer spreads out product introductions throughout the selling season. Strategic customers tend to become more demanding (their purchasing thresholds increase) as the frequency of product rotation increases, so the marginal benefit of each additional product rotation decreases. In contrast, the purchasing thresholds for myopic customers—who buy the first item that fits their needs—are independent of the number of products introduced in the season. As a result, when the cost of product rotation is low, the frequency of product updates is higher when the retailer sells to strategic customers, whereas the opposite is true when the cost of product rotation is high. When capacity constraints are less stringent and product-rotation costs are convex in the assortment depth, we find that the level of product variety should increase as the season progresses when the firm sells to strategic customers, while the level of product variety stays constant over the season when faced with myopic customers. Finally, when there are no capacity constraints, it is optimal to introduce all products in a single period. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Economic growth, abrupt institutional changes and institutional policies: The case of an oil-exporting country
Authors: El-Joumayle Omar A.M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This article deals with economic growth in Iraq when formal institutions are subject to abrupt institutional change. The article follows a quantitative mode of enquiry to determine the impacts of institutional changes on economic performance. I built an expanded and updated version of Rowat’s model for the Iraq war of 2003. Thus, I estimate the effects of oil price, oil production, and abrupt institutional change in terms of war on Iraq’s gross domestic product (GDP) for 1971–2012. Likewise, I estimate the effects of the new institutional arrangements on the country’s economic performance for the sub-period 1998–2012. The results demonstrate that the 2003 war and institutional arrangements have had a negative and significant effect on GDP growth, while the effects of both oil production and oil prices are positive but the latter is not statistically significant. In line with these findings, a static comparative analysis was also carried out for before and after the 2003 war. On one hand, the results show the destructive realities of the wars at the macro level and on the standard of living for common citizens and, on the other, the findings illustrate the difficulties and challenges related to creating institutional arrangements in the post-2003 war period that can enhance or promote sustained economic growth.
Reviews
Authors: Ismael Jacqueline S. , Al-Hamdi Mohaned Talib , Sullivan Antony T. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
MEMOIR OF AN IRAQI WOMAN DOCTOR, SANIHA AMIN ZAKI AND ELLEN JAWDAT (EDS) (2015) CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 528 pp., ISBN-10: 1501077988, ISBN-13: 9781501077982, p/bk, $17.95
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF IRAQ: RESTORING BALANCE IN A POST-CONFLICT SOCIETY, FRANK R. GUNTER (2013) England: Edward Elgar Publisher, 320 pp., ISBN: 9781849809887, h/bk, $110.00
WAR AND OCCUPATION IN IRAQI FICTION, IKRAM MASMOUDI (2015) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 238 pp., ISBN: 9780748696550, h/bk, $120
Reading, imagining and constructing Iraq
Authors: Hamdi Tahrir 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The plight of Iraq in the Arab world is not the exception, but rather the rule. The complete physical, cultural, social and economic destruction of Iraq is currently underway; however, the planning stage for this complete destruction, or, to use Condoleeza Rice’s notorious term, ‘creative chaos’ that would lead to the ‘restructuring’ of the Arab world was put in place by Orientalists such as Bernard Lewis tens of years before the actual process took root. In order to counter such destructive imperialistic forces and discourses, an accurate reading of the situation is of the utmost importance before one can start to imagine and construct a new conception of Iraqi national identity that could withstand and survive all these imperialistically imposed divisionist agendas, which are gnawing away at the very cultural and social fabric that held this region together for hundreds of years. This article will attempt to highlight certain intellectual debates and literary productions that take active part in imagining and constructing an anti-colonial counter discourse that would lead to a new understanding of Iraqi national identity and nation. Work from the political theorist Benedict Anderson, the cultural theorist Edward Said, the Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser and poems from the Iraqi poet Saadi Youssef will be examined in order to shed light on the theoretical and imaginative construction of nation.