bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vulnerable Youth or Vulnerabilising Contexts? A Critical Review of Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) Policies in Eastern and Southern Africa
Authors: Lynch Ingrid , Macleod Catriona Ida , Chiweshe Malvern Tatenda , Moore Sarah-Ann 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Policy decisions about young people’s sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) have far-reaching implications for their well-being. Few SRHR policies, however, focus specifically on youth. Rather, youth SRHR tends to be subsumed within national policies of Health, Youth, Education and Development Ministries, particularly in the Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) region, complicating an assessment of the overall state of youth SRHR policies. Given the fact that youth SRHR policies focus on a particular segment of the population—youth, teenagers or adolescents—how policies depict these subjects has implications for how policy objectives, programmes and interventions are conceptualised and the kind of sexual and reproductive health concerns that are prioritised.

Methods
Using a subject positioning lens, our critical review of youth SRHR policy in force between 2010 and 2020 spans policy domains to examine depictions of young people across 88 ESA policy documents. Our analysis aimed to identify the qualities and responsibilities associated with different youth subject positions and the broader implications thereof for young people’s SRHR.

Results
We identify two dominant youth subject positions—risky youth and youth-at-risk—both of which construct risk as inherent to young people, overwhelmingly emphasise negative repercussions of youth sexual practices, foreground individualised interventions and hold young people responsible for preventing negative sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes in the absence of policy objectives that meaningfully address structural constraints on their agency.

Conclusions
Considering the dominance of public health research underpinning youth SRHR, our findings contribute a much-needed critical social theory complement that supports holistic, justice-oriented and contextually embedded policy responses to young people’s SRHR.

Policy Implications
Based on our findings, we provide policy recommendations that support a conceptual shift away from vulnerable youth to vulnerabilising contexts, such that young people’s vulnerability to adverse SRH outcomes is situated in the enabling and constraining conditions in which they live their lives.
Recovery of saccharides from lipid-extracted microalgae residue via hot compressed water and its kinetic analysis
Authors: Li Fei , Kawajiri Satoshi , Al-Duri Bushra , Oshima Yoshito , Akizuki Makoto 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLipid-extracted microalgae residue (LEMR), a by-product of the biodiesel production process, is a potential source of value-added compounds in the microalgae biorefinery field. In this research, we examined the effects of hot compressed water (HCW) conditions and microalgae to water ratios on saccharide recovery from a low-lipid strain of Chlorella vulgaris. The highest recovery yield of saccharides was 57.5% at 200℃ for 15 min. Above 200℃, the reduction in saccharide yield was observed due to the generation of gas and solid by-products. At 200℃, adjusting the microalgae to water ratio significantly influenced the saccharide yield. Reducing the microalgae to water ratio from 1:5 to 0.1:5 nearly doubled the yield. Kinetic analysis was conducted to investigate the solubilization and degradation behaviors of saccharides. The reaction orders for saccharides solubilization and degradation were identified as 1.31 and 1.79, respectively. The rate constants at varying temperatures exhibited a good fit with the identified reaction orders. The activation energies for the solubilization and degradation processes were 79.0 kJ/mol and 104.7 kJ/mol, respectively. This investigation provides insights into saccharide dynamics in LEMR under HCW conditions, offering critical information for enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of microalgae biorefineries.
On the Origin of Cognition
Authors: Annila Arto 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo explain why cognition evolved requires, first and foremost, an analysis of what qualifies as an explanation. In terms of physics, causes are forces and consequences are changes in states of substance. Accordingly, any sequence of events, from photon absorption to focused awareness, chemical reactions to collective behavior, or from neuronal avalanches to niche adaptation, is understood as an evolution from one state to another toward thermodynamic balance where all forces finally tally each other. From this scale-free physics perspective, energy flows through those means and mechanisms, as if naturally selecting them, that bring about balance in the least time. Then, cognitive machinery is also understood to have emerged from the universal drive toward a free energy minimum, equivalent to an entropy maximum. The least-time nature of thermodynamic processes results in the ubiquitous patterns in data, also characteristic of cognitive processes, i.e., skewed distributions that accumulate sigmoidally and, therefore, follow mostly power laws. In this vein, thermodynamics derived from the statistical physics of open systems explains how evolution led to cognition and provides insight, for instance, into cognitive ease, biases, dissonance, development, plasticity, and subjectivity.
GIS-based Modelling of Hydrogen Integration in Urban Energy Systems – a Systematic Review
Authors: Steidl Stella , Peer Rebecca A. M. , Alhamwi Alaa , Medjroubi Wided , Figueroa Alejandro Zabala , Haas Jannik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Cities are crucial for an effective energy transition, yet national transition exercises often overlook local urban conditions. This paper reviews the assessment of hydrogen integration in urban energy system models and the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to facilitate high spatial resolution modelling.

Recent Findings
Embedded GIS frameworks can unmask local conditions crucial for energy transition planning, providing valuable insights to support informed decision-making. We found a gap in holistic modelling of the hydrogen supply chain and sector coupling. Furthermore, most studies lack future cost projections, and GIS is often underutilised. We also detected a general lack of transparency and low temporal resolution.

Summary
This review assesses urban hydrogen integration, highlighting how geospatial approaches are used to addresses the lack of local information in recent energy system modelling, Future research should enhance GIS use, integrate sector coupling, and improve transparency and temporal resolution to better understand the optimal integration of hydrogen.
From Industry 5.0 to Forestry 5.0: Bridging the gap with Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Holzinger Andreas , Schweier Janine , Gollob Christoph , Nothdurft Arne , Hasenauer Hubert , Kirisits Thomas , Häggström Carola , Visser Rien , Cavalli Raffaele , Spinelli Raffaele , Stampfer Karl 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
Recent technological innovations in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have successfully revolutionized many industrial processes, enhancing productivity and sustainability, under the paradigm of Industry 5.0. It offers opportunities for the forestry sector such as predictive analytics, automation, and precision management, which could transform traditional forest operations into smart, effective, and sustainable practices. The paper sets forth to outline the evolution from Industry 5.0 and its promising transition into Forestry 5.0. The purpose is to elucidate the status of these developments, identify enabling technologies, particularly AI, and uncover the challenges hindering the efficient adoption of these techniques in forestry by presenting a framework.

Recent Findings
However, the gap between potential and practical implementation is primarily due to logistical, infrastructural, and environmental challenges unique to the forestry sector. The solution lies in Human-Centered AI, which, unlike the Industry 4.0 paradigm, aims to integrate humans into the loop rather than replace them, thereby fostering safe, secure, and trustworthy Human-AI interactions.

Summary
The paper concludes by highlighting the need for Human-Centered AI development for the successful transition to Forestry 5.0 – where the goal is to support the human workers rather than substituting them. A multidisciplinary approach involving technologists, ecologists, policymakers, and forestry practitioners is essential to navigate these challenges, leading to a sustainable and technologically advanced future for the forestry sector. In this transformation, our focus remains on ensuring a balance between increased productivity, nature conservation and social licence, worker safety and satisfaction.
Vom Lernen zwischen gepackten Koffern zur Bildung mit staatlicher Anbindung. Jüdischer Religionsunterricht in Deutschland seit der Schoah.
Authors: Springborn Matthias 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Wenn ein Zeitrahmen von der unmittelbaren Nachkriegszeit des Zweiten Weltkriegs bis zur Gegenwart gezogen wird, so hat Unterrichtung in jüdischer Religion in Deutschland einen mehrfach kontextuellen Wandel vollzogen. So war im mehrere Jahre umspannenden Zeitraum der alliierten Besatzung Deutschlands, während dessen sich jüdische Bevölkerung v. a. in temporären Displaced Persons-Lagern und -Gemeinden befand, jüdischer Religionsunterricht dort zumeist einer Ausbildung nach zionistischen, also nationaljüdischen Kriterien untergeordnet. In einer zweiten Phase nach Schließung der DP-Einrichtungen, die mit einer erheblichen Abwanderung jüdischer Population einherging, war die Organisation jüdischen Religionsunterrichts ausschließlich eine Angelegenheit der sich neu konstituierenden jüdischen Gemeinden, die aufgrund fehlender materieller oder personeller Ressourcen in West- wie Ostdeutschland oft nur unzureichend umgesetzt werden konnte. In einer dritten Phase ab den 1960er-Jahren äußerte sich eine längerfristig bis dauerhafte Wiederverankerung jüdischen Gemeindelebens und jüdischen Unterrichts in (West‑)Deutschland u. a. in der Gründung zweier jüdischer Ganztagsschulen oder einem verstärkten Bemühen um die Beschaffung und Auswahl geeigneter Bildungsmedien. Ergänzende (z. T. ersetzende) Funktion in der Vermittlung von Kenntnissen der jüdischen Religionspraxis nahmen inzwischen auch jüdische Ferienlager für Kinder- und Jugendliche ein. Eine vierte Phase seit der Wiedervereinigung ist durch Zuwanderung v. a. aus Ländern der ehem. Sowjetunion von einer verstärkten binnenjüdischen Ausdifferenzierung und einer verstärkt staatlich angebundenen Religionslehre geprägt.
More Than Surface Finds: Nubian Levallois Core Metric Variability and Site Distribution Across Africa and Southwest Asia
Authors: Samawi Osama , Hallinan Emily 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Nubian Levallois cores are currently one of the most debated artefact types in Palaeolithic archaeology. Previous work has focused mainly on the definition and technological characteristics of these cores, with discussion of their distribution framed only in qualitative terms. Here, we present the first quantitative spatial analysis of sites with Nubian Levallois cores across the five global regions where they occur. Using modelled Pleistocene conditions for various bioclimatic and topographic variables, we compare the environmental context of 84 sites featuring Nubian cores with 81 contemporaneous sites where they are absent. Metric analysis of cores from 14 new and previously published sites offers further insights into technological and behavioural patterns at an inter-regional scale. Our results show that Nubian cores during MIS 5 are present in areas characterised by aridity, complex topography, and high biomass, whereas for MIS 3, only temperature was a significant predictor. Metric results reveal distinct patterns in both space and time, finding the largest and most standardised cores in Southern Arabia during MIS 5, with the smallest cores in MIS 3 Eastern and Southern Africa. We propose that environmental factors were a more significant driver behind the adoption of the Nubian Levallois method than previously acknowledged. Our results provide essential environmental context for future model-testing of Late Pleistocene demography and cultural connectivity during this critical phase of human evolution.
The impact of a mobile geriatric acute team on healthcare consumption
Authors: Arvidsson Sofie A. , Biegus Karol R. , Ekdahl Anne W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study describes the effects of a mobile geriatric acute team (GAT) treating acutely ill geriatric patients in their homes. GAT offered more advanced diagnostic and treatment options than are normally available to primary-care led mobile teams. The aim of this study was to evaluate if interventions by GAT had effect on the number of emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalisations, and length of stay in hospital.

Methods
This is a before–after study, with outcomes recorded for each participant during the 3 months prior to the first visit by GAT and compared to the same outcomes for each participant during the 3 months after the first visit.

Results
The participant’s mean age was 84.6 years, 56% were women. There was no observed difference in ED visits, hospitalisations, and length of stay in hospital for all participants (n = 102). However, for the 27 participants living in nursing homes; ED-visits reduced on average by 0.5/participant (p = 0.002), the number of hospitalisations reduced by 0.3/participant (p = 0.018) and length of stay in hospital reduced by 4.3 days/participant (p = 0.045). For the 13 participants referred by ambulance, the number of hospitalisations reduced by 0.7/participant (p = 0.044) and length of stay in hospital reduced by 4.1 days/participant (p = 0.028). The participants who got intravenous antibiotics also had less hospital care.

Conclusion
This geriatric acute mobile team did not cause reduced hospital care among the participants overall. However, it might have reduced hospitalization in some subgroups, such as patients living in nursing homes or those who got intravenous antibiotics.
Oyster shell facilitates the green production of nitrogen-doped porous biochar from macroalgae: a case study for removing atrazine from water
Authors: Song Liying , Cheng Hu , Liu Cuiying , Ji Rongting , Yao Shi , Cao Huihui , Li Yi , Bian Yongrong , Jiang Xin , Ćwieląg-Piasecka Irmina , Song Yang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLow-cost and green preparation of efficient sorbents is critical to the removal of organic contaminants during water treatment. In this study, the co-pyrolysis of macroalgae and oyster shell was designed to synthesize nitrogen-doped porous biochars for sorption removal of atrazine from water. Oyster shell played a significant role in opening pores in macroalgae-derived biochars, resulting in the surface area of the macroalgae (Enteromorpha prolifera and Ulva lactuca) and oyster shell co-pyrolyzed carbonaceous as high as 1501.80 m2 g−1 and 1067.18 m2 g−1, the pore volume reached 1.04 cm3 g−1 and 0.93 cm3 g−1, and O/C decreased to 0.09 and 0.08, respectively. The sorption capacity of atrazine to nitrogen-doped porous biochars (the Enteromorpha prolifera, Ulva lactuca and oyster shell co-pyrolyzed carbonaceous) reached 312.06 mg g−1 and 340.52 mg g−1. Pore-filling, hydrogen bonding, π-π or p-π stacking and electrostatic interaction dominated the multilayer sorption process. Moreover, the nitrogen-doped porous biochars showed great performance in cyclic reusability, and the Enteromorpha prolifera, Ulva lactuca and oyster shell co-pyrolyzed carbonaceous sorption capacity still reached 246.13 mg g−1 and 255.97 mg g−1, respectively. Thus, this study suggested that it is feasible and efficient to remove organic contaminants with the nitrogen-doped porous biochars co-pyrolyzed from macroalgae and oyster shell, providing a potential green resource utilization of aquatic wastes for environmental remediation.
Graphical Abstract
Association analysis of ADRB3:rs4994 with urodynamic outcome, six months after a single intra-detrusor injection of botulinum toxin, in women with overactive bladder
Authors: Ciećwież Sylwester , Lewandowska Klaudyna , Szylińska Aleksandra , Boroń Agnieszka , Kotlęga Dariusz , Kociszewski Jacek , Brodowska Agnieszka , Clark Jeremy S.C. , Ciechanowicz Andrzej 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Intra-detrusor injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is recommended as a possible treatment for patients with overactive bladder (OAB) in whom first-line therapies have failed. The c.190T > C (rs4994) polymorphism in the gene encoding the beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) has been suggested to be associated with predisposition to OAB or with response to OAB treatment via a cholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonist. This prospective study aimed to use a urodynamic parameter-based assessment of response, six months after a single intra-detrusor injection of BoNT/A in female OAB patients, to elucidate possible association with the ADRB3 polymorphism.

Methods
The study group consisted of 138 consecutive, Polish, adult, female OAB patients. Urodynamic parameters were recorded before injection of BoNT/A and at six months after administration. ADRB3:rs4994 variants were identified by the sequencing of genomic DNA extracted from buccal swabs.

Results
Apart from baseline, and relative, increase in Maximum Cystometric Capacity (MCC) six months after BoNT/A injection, no significant differences were found in urodynamic parameters between reference TT homozygotes and women with at least one C allele.

Conclusions
Our results do not exclude that ADRB3:rs4994 variants are associated with a positive urodynamic test-based response to intra-detrusor injection of BoNT/A in females with OAB.
Seeing Something as Something Else: The Logic of Mitate 見立て
Authors: Marinucci Lorenzo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMitate is the name used to describe a typically Japanese visual trope, in which one object is meant to be seen as something else. While mitate is a defining element of Edo period haikai and ukiyo-e, a this kind of overlapping meanings can be found in much earlier sources. Its aesthetic effects are often smile, laughter, and parody, but mitate can also bestow a hidden depth to the commonplace and the contemporary through explicit and implicit connections to more noble and remote cultural antecedents. In this paper I examine mitate and mitate-like configurations throughout the history of Japanese aesthetics, and conclude by asking whether mitate is indeed a uniquely Japanese phenomenon and by analysing whether and how it can be relevant to some philosophical discussions (Husserl's and Wittgenstein’s) concerned with the phenomenological and ontological status of images.
Interface superconductivity in the point contact between topological semimetals polymorphic PtBi2 and ferromagnetic tips
Authors: Di Xuetao , Ji Haoran , Gao Wenshuai , Tian Mingliang , Wang He , Wang Jian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTopological semimetals, possessing topologically non-trivial band structures, serve as excellent platforms for realizing topological superconductivity through hard point-contact experiments. In this study, we successfully induce superconductivity in the three-dimensional Dirac semimetal, cubic PtBi2, using ferromagnetic and paramagnetic tips in hard point contact experiments. The induced superconductivity is proven to be insensitive to ferromagnetism and exhibits unconventional features in the point-contact spectra. The highest superconducting transition temperature ($T_{\mathrm{c}}$

T
c

) reaches approximately 5.1 K, and the $T_{\mathrm{c}}$

T
c

values are proven to have a positive correlation with the coupling between the tip and the sample. Furthermore, we extend our point-contact experiments to trigonal PtBi2, a material possessing a type-I Weyl semimetal band structure and triply degenerate points proximate to the Fermi level. Utilizing both ferromagnetic Ni tips and paramagnetic Ag tips, we successfully enhance superconductivity with a $T_{\mathrm{c}}$

T
c

of up to 3.0 K in this material. The findings from point-contact measurements reveal that the enhanced superconductivity is compatible with ferromagnetism and the magnetism of the tip can affect the symmetry of the enhanced superconducting state. Given that the lattice structure remains stable under pressure up to 51.2 GPa for cubic PtBi2 and 12.9 GPa for trigonal PtBi2, the emergent superconducting states observed in these two PtBi2 materials could inherit their topological nontrivial nature and be promising candidates for topological superconductor.
Planetary Health Diet – geeignet für Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes?
Authors: Weimer Pauline , Mews Claudia , Lühmann Dagmar , Kloppe Thomas 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Produktion von Lebensmitteln ist für ca. 30 % der globalen Treibhausgasemissionen verantwortlich. Die 2019 von der EAT-Lancet-Kommission entwickelte Planetary Health Diet (PHD) ist der Versuch, mit einem global anwendbaren Ernährungskonzept den Anforderungen der individuellen und der planetaren Gesundheit gerecht zu werden. Die Diät ist reich an vollwertigen Lebensmitteln und arm an tierischen und verarbeiteten Produkten. In Deutschland sind viele Menschen an Typ-2-Diabetes erkrankt, die Prävalenz steigt. Auch Lebensstilinterventionen im Bereich der Ernährung, die in vielem der PHD ähneln, können Auftreten und Verlauf der Erkrankung auf individueller und auf Public-Health-Ebene beeinflussen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Geprüft wurde, ob die PHD als Ernährungsempfehlung bei Typ-2-Diabetes geeignet sein könnte.

Material und Methoden
Für die pragmatische Übersichtsarbeit wurde in PubMed und Google Scholar fokussiert nach Ernährungsempfehlungen bei Typ-2-Diabetes und genauer Zusammensetzung der PHD recherchiert. Auf Basis dieser Literatur wurde die PHD hinsichtlich der aktuellen Empfehlungen zur Ernährung bei Typ-2-Diabetes abgeglichen.

Ergebnisse
Die PHD erscheint unter Beachtung möglicher Fallstricke, wie etwa einem Protein- oder Kalziummangel, für an Typ-2-Diabetes erkrankte Menschen geeignet.

Schlussfolgerung
Eine pflanzenbasierte, ausgewogene Ernährung ist gut für die individuelle und die planetare Gesundheit. Bei der Umsetzung einer Ernährungsumstellung von an Typ-2-Diabetes Erkrankten kann die PHD eine Orientierung bieten. Dabei können Hausärzt:innen eine wichtige Multiplikator:innenrolle innehaben, ergänzend kann eine strukturierte Ernährungsberatung sinnvoll sein. Für die konkrete Anwendung innerhalb der Patient:innengruppe besteht weiterer Forschungsbedarf.