bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External validation of models predicting the individual risk of metachronous peritoneal carcinomatosis from colon and rectal cancer
Authors: Segelman J. , Akre O. , Gustafsson U. O. , Bottai M. , Martling A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimTo externally validate previously published predictive models of the risk of developing metachronous peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) after resection of nonmetastatic colon or rectal cancer and to update the predictive model for colon cancer by adding new prognostic predictors.MethodData from all patients with Stage I–III colorectal cancer identified from a population‐based database in Stockholm between 2008 and 2010 were used. We assessed the concordance between the predicted and observed probabilities of PC and utilized proportional‐hazard regression to update the predictive model for colon cancer.ResultsWhen applied to the new validation dataset (n = 2011), the colon and rectal cancer risk‐score models predicted metachronous PC with a concordance index of 79% and 67%, respectively. After adding the subclasses of pT3 and pT4 stage and mucinous tumour to the colon cancer model, the concordance index increased to 82%.ConclusionIn validation of external and recent cohorts, the predictive accuracy was strong in colon cancer and moderate in rectal cancer patients. The model can be used to identify high‐risk patients for planned second‐look laparoscopy/laparotomy for possible subsequent cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Current status and future needs of economics research of inland fisheries
Authors: Grantham R. W. , Rudd M. A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInland capture fisheries (ICFs) provide ecosystem services – fish for food, livelihoods and recreation – to people and therefore have an economic value. Economic valuation can inform the sustainable management of ICFs and ensure they are recognised in trade‐off analysis and decision‐making. This study assesses existing ICFs economic research to identify knowledge gaps. Bibliographic databases were searched for suitable peer‐reviewed articles. The selected studies (n = 75) were analysed for coverage, valuation methodologies and value metrics. A majority of existing studies value recreational ICFs in developed countries. Studies have employed a wide range of valuation methodologies and therefore provide a variety of economic values measured at different units and scales. This study highlights the need for a greater quantity of ICFs economic research that covers a representative sample of ecosystems and fishery types globally. Best practice recommendations are made for a standardised framework to ensure ICFs research generates economically credible and comparable values.
Multi‐sited accumulation of capital: Cape Verdean returnees and small‐scale business
Authors: ÅKESSON LISA 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn recent years, policymakers have portrayed return migration as positive for development. In both migrant sending and migrant receiving countries, policymakers expect the transfer of economic, cultural and social capital by returnees to stimulate economic growth. Inherent in these assumptions is the idea of a unidirectional flow of capital from northern countries of immigration to the countries of return. The objective of this article is to contest this idea of a one‐way transfer of capital through a case study of Cape Verdean returnee business owners. To what extent have they accumulated their various forms of capital before emigration, during their sojourn abroad or after return? In this article, I examine the returnees' multi‐sited accumulation of capital and how it corresponds to the resources they need to run a sustainable business. In addition, I analyse how they adapt capital accumulated abroad to the conditions in Cape Verde.
Fostering self‐regulated learning in a blended environment using group awareness and peer assistance as external scaffolds
Authors: Lin J‐W. , Lai Y‐C. , Lai Y‐C. , Chang L‐C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMost systems for training self‐regulated learning (SRL) behaviour focus on the provision of a learner‐centred environment. Such systems repeat the training process and place learners alone to experience that process iteratively. According to the relevant literature, external scaffolds are more promising for effective SRL training. In this work, group awareness and peer assistance are used as external scaffolds in the process of training SRL behaviour, enhancing opportunities for self‐reflection and stimulating and encouraging learners. This work further develops a system, called self‐regulated learning with group awareness and peer assistance (SRL‐GAPA). Experimental results reveal that SRL‐GAPA provides significantly more participation in online training tasks and learning activities, better SRL behaviour and better learning achievement than the traditional SRL system (i.e,, a learner‐centred environment). The SRL‐GAPA benefited poorly self‐regulated learners more than highly self‐regulated students. Some implications of this finding are discussed.
Europa and Gaia: Towards an Ecofeminist Perspective in Integration Theory
Authors: Brianson Alex 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this article I argue that a key part of the re‐thinking of integration theory should be an engagement with green political theory and political economy, so that the field can speak to the major real‐life issues of our time such as climate change, biodiversity loss and the transition to a sustainable way of life. My focus is particularly on ecofeminism, which I argue helps regional integration scholars ask important questions that need to be more central to our work, and on Gaia theory, which I argue provides the ontological analysis to legitimize such a shift in theoretical perspective. As an illustration of how a green approach to integration theory might be undertaken, I use Mary Mellor's ecofeminist work to contribute to the ‘normative turn’ in integration theory.
Postmodern EU? Integration between Alternative Horizons and Territorial Angst
Authors: Borg Stefan , Diez Thomas 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn the early 1990s, John Ruggie famously referred to the European Community as an emerging ‘postmodern polity’. This article elaborates on the ‘postmodern promise’ of European integration that Ruggie invoked, and formulates such a promise of European integration as one of radically breaking with the violent practices characteristic of the modern state. We argue that such a promise is immanent albeit historically marginalized in the project of European integration itself, exemplified in the article with a tradition called integral federalism. The article then evaluates such a ‘postmodern promise’ in current practices of European integration against the background of a poststructuralist‐informed critique of the violent effects of desires for bordered entities and identities. Such a poststructuralist sensibility enables the article to point to the problems of ‘scaling up’ the state in a project of integration that also set out to challenge and subvert its organizing principles.
The Power of EU Masculinities: A Feminist Contribution to European Integration Theory
Authors: Kronsell Annica 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article advances feminist analysis in the study of European integration through a focus on gender power in relation to masculinity constructs. It takes issue with the fact that gender studies tend to equate gender with women. It sketches a feminist contribution to integration theory, where the EU is perceived as gender regimes at multiple levels. Gender identity constructs – masculinities and femininities – rely on difference and are shifting across time, levels and sectors. Yet the variations of identity constructs are limited by well‐established ideas – gender binaries – providing continuity and path dependences to maintain the gender system, for example through the ‘EU protector masculinity’ in the EU CSDP. European integration thus is a process whereby EU masculinities and femininities are constructed through EU relations to other states in the global context and in EU policy‐making and institution‐building.
When “citizenship is indispensable to the practice of a profession”: Citizenship Requirements for Entry to Practise Professions in Canada
Authors: Adams Tracey L 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper explores citizenship requirements for entry to practice regulated professions historically in four Canadian provinces. It reviews how common citizenship restrictions have been in Canadian professions, when and where they were implemented, and what rationales were provided for these restrictions. Findings provide support for both Weberian social closure theory which sees such restrictions as the product of professional lobbying, and state‐centred explanations which hold that states regulate professions to facilitate governance. Many citizenship restrictions were historically implemented by state actors. The decline of citizenship restrictions reflects not only changing social attitudes, but changes in state‐profession relations in Canada.
A New MRI Masking Technique Based on Multi‐Atlas Brain Segmentation in Controls and Schizophrenia: A Rapid and Viable Alternative to Manual Masking
Authors: del Re Elisabetta C. , Gao Yi , Eckbo Ryan , Petryshen Tracey L. , Blokland Gabriëlla A.M. , Seidman Larry J. , Konishi Jun , Goldstein Jill M. , McCarley Robert W. , Shenton Martha E. , Bouix Sylvain 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTBrain masking of MRI images separates brain from surrounding tissue and its accuracy is important for further imaging analyses. We implemented a new brain masking technique based on multi‐atlas brain segmentation (MABS) and compared MABS to masks generated using FreeSurfer (FS; version 5.3), Brain Extraction Tool (BET), and Brainwash, using manually defined masks (MM) as the gold standard. We further determined the effect of different masking techniques on cortical and subcortical volumes generated by FreeSurfer.METHODSImages were acquired on a 3‐Tesla MR Echospeed system General Electric scanner on five control and five schizophrenia subjects matched on age, sex, and IQ. Automated masks were generated from MABS, FS, BET, and Brainwash, and compared to MM using these metrics: a) volume difference from MM; b) Dice coefficients; and c) intraclass correlation coefficients.RESULTSMean volume difference between MM and MABS masks was significantly less than the difference between MM and FS or BET masks. Dice coefficient between MM and MABS was significantly higher than Dice coefficients between MM and FS, BET, or Brainwash. For subcortical and left cortical regions, MABS volumes were closer to MM volumes than were BET or FS volumes. For right cortical regions, MABS volumes were closer to MM volumes than were BET volumes.CONCLUSIONSBrain masks generated using FreeSurfer, BET, and Brainwash are rapidly obtained, but are less accurate than manually defined masks. Masks generated using MABS, in contrast, resemble more closely the gold standard of manual masking, thereby offering a rapid and viable alternative.
Clinical Utility of Diagnostic Laboratory Tests in Dogs with Acute Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Investigation in a Primary Care Hospital
Authors: Yuki M. , Hirano T. , Nagata N. , Kitano S. , Imataka K. , Tawada R. , Shimada R. , Ogawa M. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundAcute pancreatitis (AP) occurs frequently in dogs, but most previous studies examining the diagnosis ofAPhave used data from secondary care hospitals.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of diagnostic laboratory tests in dogs withAPin a primary care hospital.AnimalsSixty‐four dogs with clinical signs suggestive ofAPdiagnosed with nonpancreatic disease (NP) orAP.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed, including diagnostic laboratory tests considered potentially useful in the diagnosis ofAP. The diagnostic accuracy of amylase andFUJI DRI‐CHEMlipase (FDClip) were investigated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC). In addition, we verified whether diagnostic laboratory tests were useful for evaluating duration of hospitalization and as biomarkers for monitoring recovery.ResultsActivities of amylase andFDClip were significantly higher in theAPgroup than in theNPgroup (P= .001,P< .001, respectively). The sensitivity ofFDPlip activity for diagnosingAPwas 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 87.7–100%); the specificity was 89.5% (95%CI, 66.9–98.7%). Area under theROCcurve forFDClip activity was 0.98 (95%CI, 0.93–1). High alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was associated with extended duration of hospitalization (P= .04). A significant difference in C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentration before and 5 days after treatment was found (P= .001).Conclusions and clinical importanceMeasurement ofFDClip activity appears useful for diagnosingAP. HighALTactivity might be associated with prolonged duration of hospitalization, andCRPmight be useful as a biomarker for monitoring recovery fromAP.
The early thermal evolution of Mars
Authors: Bhatia G. K. , Sahijpal S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHf‐W isotopic systematics of Martian meteorites have provided evidence for the early accretion and rapid core formation of Mars. We present the results of numerical simulations performed to study the early thermal evolution and planetary scale differentiation of Mars. The simulations are confined to the initial 50 Myr (Ma) of the formation of solar system. The accretion energy produced during the growth of Mars and the decay energy due to the short‐lived radio‐nuclides 26Al, 60Fe, and the long‐lived nuclides, 40K, 235U, 238U, and 232Th are incorporated as the heat sources for the thermal evolution of Mars. During the core‐mantle differentiation of Mars, the molten metallic blobs were numerically moved using Stoke's law toward the center with descent velocity that depends on the local acceleration due to gravity. Apart from the accretion and the radioactive heat energies, the gravitational energy produced during the differentiation of Mars and the associated heat transfer is also parametrically incorporated in the present work to make an assessment of its contribution to the early thermal evolution of Mars. We conclude that the accretion energy alone cannot produce widespread melting and differentiation of Mars even with an efficient consumption of the accretion energy. This makes 26Al the prime source for the heating and planetary scale differentiation of Mars. We demonstrate a rapid accretion and core‐mantle differentiation of Mars within the initial ~1.5 Myr. This is consistent with the chronological records of Martian meteorites.
A benzamide‐dependent ftsZ mutant reveals residues crucial for Z‐ring assembly
Authors: Adams David William , Wu Ling Juan , Errington Jeff 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn almost all bacteria, cell division is co‐ordinated by the essential tubulin homologue FtsZ and represents an attractive but as yet unexploited target for new antibiotics. The benzamides, e.g. PC190723, are potent FtsZ inhibitors that have the potential to yield an important new class of antibiotic. However, the evolution of resistance poses a challenge to their development. Here we show that a collection of PC190723‐resistant and ‐dependent strains of Staphylococcus aureus exhibit severe growth and morphological defects, questioning whether these ftsZ mutations would be clinically relevant. Importantly, we show that the most commonly isolated substitution remains sensitive to the simplest benzamide 3‐MBA and likely works by occluding compound binding. Extending this analysis to Bacillus subtilis, we isolated a novel benzamide‐dependent strain that divides using unusual helical division events. The ftsZ mutation responsible encodes the substitution of a highly conserved residue, which lies outside the benzamide‐binding site and forms part of an interface between the N‐ and C‐terminal domains that we show is necessary for normal FtsZ function. Together with an intragenic suppressor mutation that mimics benzamide binding, the results provide genetic evidence that benzamides restrict conformational changes in FtsZ and also highlights their utility as tools to probe bacterial division.
Problems with the electronic health record
Authors: de Ruiter Hans‐Peter , Liaschenko Joan , Angus Jan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOne of the most significant changes in modern healthcare delivery has been the evolution of the paper record to the electronic health record (EHR). In this paper we argue that the primary change has been a shift in the focus of documentation from monitoring individual patient progress to recording data pertinent to Institutional Priorities (IPs). The specific IPs to which we refer include: finance/reimbursement; risk management/legal considerations; quality improvement/safety initiatives; meeting regulatory and accreditation standards; and patient care delivery/evidence based practice. Following a brief history of the transition from the paper record to the EHR, the authors discuss unintended or contested consequences resulting from this change. These changes primarily reflect changes in the organization and amount of clinician work and clinician‐patient relationships. The paper is not a research report but was informed by an institutional ethnography the aim of which was to understand how the EHR impacted clinicians and administrators in a large, urban hospital in the United States. The paper was also informed by other sources, including the philosophies of Jacques Ellul, Don Idhe, and Langdon Winner.
World Workshop on Oral MedicineVI: a systematic review of medication‐induced salivary gland dysfunction
Authors: Villa A , Wolff A , Narayana N , Dawes C , Aframian DJ , Lynge Pedersen AM , Vissink A , Aliko A , Sia YW , Joshi RK , McGowan R , Jensen SB , Kerr AR , Ekström J , Proctor G 
Published: November 2015

The aim of this paper was to perform a systematic review of the pathogenesis of medication‐induced salivary gland dysfunction (MISGD). Review of the identified papers was based on the standards regarding the methodology for systematic reviews set forth by the World Workshop on Oral MedicineIVand thePRISMAstatement. Eligible papers were assessed for both the degree and strength of relevance to the pathogenesis ofMISGDas well as on the appropriateness of the study design and sample size. A total of 99 papers were retained for the final analysis.MISGDin human studies was generally reported as xerostomia (the sensation of oral dryness) without measurements of salivary secretion rate. Medications may act on the central nervous system (CNS) and/or at the neuroglandular junction on muscarinic,α‐andβ‐adrenergic receptors and certain peptidergic receptors. The types of medications that were most commonly implicated for inducing salivary gland dysfunction were those acting on the nervous, cardiovascular, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, respiratory, and alimentary systems. Although many medications may affect the salivary flow rate and composition, most of the studies considered only xerostomia. Thus, further human studies are necessary to improve our understanding of the association betweenMISGDand the underlying pathophysiology.
Giving taxonomic significance to morphological variability in the bivalve Ptychomya Agassiz
Authors: Milla Carmona Pablo S. , Lazo Darío G. , Soto Ignacio M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe taxonomic significance of the morphological variability present in the genus Ptychomya Agassiz has remained obscure due to inadequacy of the traditional qualitative approach to account for complex patterns of variation. In this work, we focus on solving the distinction between intra‐ and interspecific variability in Ptychomya from Hauterivian marine beds of the Neuquén Basin (west‐central Argentina), a longstanding and unresolved palaeontological issue, using the quantitative framework provided by geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics. The species Ptychomya koeneni Behrendsen and several subspecies had been recognized in the studied succession by former authors based on qualitative morphological descriptions. We tested two hypotheses: (1) that there exist morphological discontinuities between hypothesized species that mark their boundaries; and (2) that morphology follows a pattern of geographical variation, suitable for recognition of subspecies. We find two morphological groups in the studied sample, with a significant morphological gap between them, supporting the idea that there are at least two species in the studied succession, Ptychomya cf. koeneni and Ptychomya coihuicoensis Weaver. On the other hand, we found no correspondence between morphological and geographical distributions, leading to the conclusion that the named subspecies are invalid taxa. This study highlights the potential of this methodological approach for solving the taxonomy of this notorious genus of pandemic distribution during the Cretaceous.
Phrenic Nerve Injury After Radiofrequency Denervation of the Cervical Medial Branches
Authors: Van de Perck Frans , Soetens Filiep , Lebrun Christophe , Lataster Arno , Verhamme Amaury , Van Zundert Jan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRadiofrequency denervation of the cervical medial branches is a possible treatment for chronic cervical facet pain syndrome when conservative management has failed.According to the literature, complications after radiofrequency denervation of the cervical medial branches are rare.We report a case of possible phrenic nerve injury after ipsilateral radiofrequency denervation of the cervical medial branches following a posterolateral approach.
Dual‐Aspect Monism
Authors: Benovsky Jiri 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this article, I am interested in dual‐aspect monism as a solution to the mind‐body problem. This view is not new, but it is somewhat under‐represented in the contemporary debate, and I would like to help it make its way. Dual‐aspect monism is a parsimonious, elegant and simple view. It avoids problems with “mental causation”. It naturally explains how and why mental states are correlated (and interact) with physical states while avoiding any mysteries concerning the nature of this (cor)relation. It fits well with our ordinary picture of the world, as well as with the scientific picture. It gives its rightful place to the phenomenal, qualitative, subjective character of experience, instead of reducing it or eliminating it. It does not unnecessarily multiply ontological categories. It can come in many versions, and is compatible with other interesting views, such as panpsychism.
Connectivity Effects in Pseudoclefts in Child Language
Authors: Kiguchi Hirohisa , Thornton Rosalind 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA prominent feature of specificational pseudoclefts is connectivity effects. Despite the absence of c‐command in the surface syntax, specificational pseudoclefts yield interpretations that are governed by c‐command in other constructions. The present study focused on two kinds of specificational pseudoclefts (SPCs). In one, a wh‐clause with a pronoun precedes the copula and then a phrase containing an R‐expression expression (e.g. What he said was the blue boy's wheelchair was the fastest). Principle C effects (noncoreference) are enforced despite the absence of surface c‐command. In the second type of SPC, a disjunctive phrase precedes the copula and a wh‐clause that contains a negative quantifier (e.g. A shell or a jewel is what nobody brought back). Here, despite lack of surface c‐command between negation and the disjunction, disjunction yields a conjunctive interpretation. Both kinds of SPCs pose a poverty‐of‐the‐stimulus problem; how do children come to assign adult‐like interpretations to SPCs, when the surface syntax does not provide relevant clues to semantic interpretation? A truth value judgment task revealed that 17 4–5 year‐old English‐speaking child participants (mean age 4;8) consistently interpreted both kinds of SPCs in the same way as adults, enforcing both Principle C and the conjunctive interpretation of disjunction.