bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous lignocaine in colorectal surgery: a systematic review
Authors: MacFater Wiremu S. , Rahiri Jamie‐Lee , Lauti Melanie , Su'a Bruce , Hill Andrew G. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundColorectal surgery leads to morbidity during recovery including pain and fatigue. Intravenous (IV) lignocaine (IVL) has both analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects that may improve post‐operative pain and recovery. The aim of this review is to compare the effectiveness of IVL to other perioperative analgesia regimens for reducing pain and opioid consumption following colorectal surgery.MethodsUsing the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) statement, a literature search was conducted to identify randomized clinical trials that compared IVL with IV placebo or epidural anaesthesia in open or laparoscopic colorectal surgery. The primary outcomes were opioid requirements and pain scores assessed by visual analogue score. Data were entered into pre‐designed electronic spreadsheets.ResultsThe literature search identified 2707 studies. A total of nine randomized clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. Five studies investigated IVL compared with IV placebo and four studies investigated IVL compared with epidural anaesthesia. Two out of the five studies comparing IVL and placebo showed statistically significant reductions in opioid consumption with IVL. There was a variable degree of improvement in pain scores when IVL was compared with epidural. Two studies showed a significant difference, with lower opioid consumption and pain scores in the epidural group. Laparoscopic and open procedures could not be compared between the IVL and placebo group.ConclusionIVL has shown limited benefit towards reducing early pain and morphine consumption when compared with placebo in colorectal surgery. However, IVL did not show any significant reduction in pain or opioid consumption when compared with epidural. Further research investigating IVL combined with intraperitoneal local anaesthetic is warranted.
Letter: autoimmune hepatitis—drug‐induced liver injury must always be excluded. Authors’ reply
Authors: Grønbæk H. , Møller H. J. , Vistrup H. 
Published: July 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Grønbæk et al, and Fan et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13801 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14137.
Isolating and evaluating lactic acid bacteria strains for effectiveness on silage quality at low temperatures on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Siran , Yuan Xianjun , Dong Zhihao , Li Junfeng , Shao Tao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFour lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from straw silages on the Tibetan Plateau were characterized, and their effects on the fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) at different temperatures (10°C, 15°C and 25°C) were studied. These LAB isolates were evaluated using the acids production ability test, morphological observation, Gram staining, physiological, biochemical and acid tolerance tests. All the isolates (M1, LM8, LO7 and LOG9) could grow at 5‐20°C, pH 3.5‐7.0 and NaCl (3.0%, 6.5%). Strains M1, LM8, LO7 and LOG9 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, L. coryniformis, Pediococcus pentosaceus and P. acidilactici, respectively, by sequencing 16S ribosomal DNA. The four isolates were added to Italian ryegrass for ensiling for 30 days at various temperatures. Compared with the corresponding control, inoculating with isolates M1, LM8 and LO7 could improve the silage quality of Italian ryegrass at low temperatures, indicated by significantly (P < 0.05) higher lactic acid (LA) contents and ratios of lactic acid/acetic acid (LA/AA), and significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (AN/TN). Compared with other isolates, LM8 performed better at 10°C and 15°C, indicated by the higher (P < 0.05) LA content and ratio of LA/AA, and the lower (P < 0.05) pH and AN/TN.
Age‐stratified thresholds of anti‐Müllerian hormone improve prediction of polycystic ovary syndrome over a population‐based threshold
Authors: Quinn Molly M. , Kao Chia‐Ning , Ahmad Asima K. , Haisenleder Daniel J. , Santoro Nanette , Eisenberg Esther , Legro Richard S. , Cedars Marcelle I. , Huddleston Heather G. ,   the NIH/NICHD Reproductive Medicine Network
Published: July 2017

SummaryObjectiveDue to its consistent elevation in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and correlation with polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM), anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) has been proposed as a marker of the syndrome. However, prior studies reporting thresholds of AMH for a PCOS diagnosis have been limited by small sample size, inappropriate controls, and heterogeneous AMH assays. We sought to evaluate the suitability of a standardized AMH assay as a biomarker of PCOS.DesignCross‐sectional study at academic medical centres across the United States.PatientsWomen with PCOS were diagnosed by Rotterdam criteria and included 282 subjects from the multisite PPCOS II trial and 109 patients from a tertiary academic centre's multidisciplinary PCOS clinic. Controls included 245 participants in the ovarian ageing (OVA) study, a community‐based cohort of ovulatory women not seeking treatment for fertility.MeasurementsDetermination of AMH by a central laboratory. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to investigate the accuracy of AMH thresholds for prediction of PCOS diagnosis with stratification by age.ResultsThe optimal threshold of AMH to distinguish PCOS from controls was 55.36 pmol/L (sensitivity: 0.82, specificity: 0.78, J: 0.60). When examining the population by age groups, the optimal AMH threshold decreased with increasing age.ConclusionsAMH is an effective biomarker of PCOS. Age‐stratified thresholds more accurately predicted PCOS than an overall population‐based threshold.
Minimal Warping: Planning Incremental Novel‐view Synthesis
Authors: Leimkühler Thomas , Seidel Hans‐Peter , Ritschel Tobias 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObserving that many visual effects (depth‐of‐field, motion blur, soft shadows, spectral effects) and several sampling modalities (time, stereo or light fields) can be expressed as a sum of many pinhole camera images, we suggest a novel efficient image synthesis framework that exploits coherency among those images. We introduce the notion of “distribution flow” that represents the 2D image deformation in response to changes in the high‐dimensional time‐, lens‐, area light‐, spectral‐, etc. coordinates. Our approach plans the optimal traversal of the distribution space of all required pinhole images, such that starting from one representative root image, which is incrementally changed (warped) in a minimal fashion, pixels move at most by one pixel, if at all. The incremental warping allows extremely simple warping code, typically requiring half a millisecond on an Nvidia Geforce GTX 980Ti GPU per pinhole image. We show, how the bounded sampling does introduce very little errors in comparison to re‐rendering or a common warping‐based solution. Our approach allows efficient previews for arbitrary combinations of distribution effects and imaging modalities with little noise and high visual fidelity.
Real‐Time Linear BRDF MIP‐Mapping
Authors: Xu Chao , Wang Rui , Zhao Shuang , Bao Hujun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe present a new technique to jointly MIP‐map BRDF and normal maps. Starting with generating an instant BRDF map, our technique builds its MIP‐mapped versions based on a highly efficient algorithm that interpolates von Mises‐Fisher (vMF) distributions. In our BRDF MIP‐maps, each pixel stores a vMF mixture approximating the average of all BRDF lobes from the finest level. Our method is capable of jointly MIP‐mapping BRDF and normal maps, even with high‐frequency variations, at real‐time while preserving high‐quality reflectance details. Further, it is very fast, easy to implement, and requires no precomputation.
An Appearance Model for Textile Fibers
Authors: Aliaga Carlos , Castillo Carlos , Gutierrez Diego , Otaduy Miguel A. , Lopez‐Moreno Jorge , Jarabo Adrian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAccurately modeling how light interacts with cloth is challenging, due to the volumetric nature of cloth appearance and its multiscale structure, where microstructures play a major role in the overall appearance at higher scales. Recently, significant effort has been put on developing better microscopic models for cloth structure, which have allowed rendering fabrics with unprecedented fidelity. However, these highly‐detailed representations still make severe simplifications on the scattering by individual fibers forming the cloth, ignoring the impact of fibers' shape, and avoiding to establish connections between the fibers' appearance and their optical and fabrication parameters. In this work we put our focus in the scattering of individual cloth fibers; we introduce a physically‐based scattering model for fibers based on their low‐level optical and geometric properties, relying on the extensive textile literature for accurate data. We demonstrate that scattering from cloth fibers exhibits much more complexity than current fiber models, showing important differences between cloth type, even in averaged conditions due to longer views. Our model can be plugged in any framework for cloth rendering, matches scattering measurements from real yarns, and is based on actual parameters used in the textile industry, allowing predictive bottom‐up definition of cloth appearance.
Stochastic Light Culling for VPLs on GGX Microsurfaces
Authors: Tokuyoshi Yusuke , Harada Takahiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper introduces a real‐time rendering method for single‐bounce glossy caustics created by GGX microsurfaces. Our method is based on stochastic light culling of virtual point lights (VPLs), which is an unbiased culling method that randomly determines the range of influence of light for each VPL. While the original stochastic light culling method uses a bounding sphere defined by that light range for coarse culling (e.g., tiled culling), we have further extended the method by calculating a tighter bounding ellipsoid for glossy VPLs. Such bounding ellipsoids can be calculated analytically under the classic Phong reflection model which cannot be applied to physically plausible materials used in modern computer graphics productions. In order to use stochastic light culling for such modern materials, this paper derives a simple analytical solution to generate a tighter bounding ellipsoid for VPLs on GGX microsurfaces. This paper also presents an efficient implementation for culling bounding ellipsoids in the context of tiled culling. When stochastic light culling is combined with interleaved sampling for a scene with tens of thousands of VPLs, this tiled culling is faster than conservative rasterization‐based clustered shading which is a state‐of‐the‐art culling technique that supports bounding ellipsoids. Using these techniques, VPLs are culled efficiently for completely dynamic single‐bounce glossy caustics reflected from GGX microsurfaces.
Deep Shading: Convolutional Neural Networks for Screen Space Shading
Authors: Nalbach O. , Arabadzhiyska E. , Mehta D. , Seidel H.‐P. , Ritschel T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn computer vision, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve unprecedented performance for inverse problems where RGB pixel appearance is mapped to attributes such as positions, normals or reflectance. In computer graphics, screen space shading has boosted the quality of real‐time rendering, converting the same kind of attributes of a virtual scene back to appearance, enabling effects like ambient occlusion, indirect light, scattering and many more. In this paper we consider the diagonal problem: synthesizing appearance from given per‐pixel attributes using a CNN. The resulting Deep Shading renders screen space effects at competitive quality and speed while not being programmed by human experts but learned from example images.
Variance and Convergence Analysis of Monte Carlo Line and Segment Sampling
Authors: Singh Gurprit , Miller Bailey , Jarosz Wojciech 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecently researchers have started employing Monte Carlo‐like line sample estimators in rendering, demonstrating dramatic reductions in variance (visible noise) for effects such as soft shadows, defocus blur, and participating media. Unfortunately, there is currently no formal theoretical framework to predict and analyze Monte Carlo variance using line and segment samples which have inherently anisotropic Fourier power spectra. In this work, we propose a theoretical formulation for lines and finite‐length segment samples in the frequency domain that allows analyzing their anisotropic power spectra using previous isotropic variance and convergence tools. Our analysis shows that judiciously oriented line samples not only reduce the dimensionality but also pre‐filter C0 discontinuities, resulting in further improvement in variance and convergence rates. Our theoretical insights also explain how finite‐length segment samples impact variance and convergence rates only by pre‐filtering discontinuities. We further extend our analysis to consider (uncorrelated) multi‐directional line (segment) sampling, showing that such schemes can increase variance compared to unidirectional sampling. We validate our theoretical results with a set of experiments including direct lighting, ambient occlusion, and volumetric caustics using points, lines, and segment samples.
Measurement of liver volumes by portal vein flow by Doppler ultrasound in living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Choi Sang Hyun , Kwon Jae Hyun , Kim Kyoung Won , Jang Hye Young , Kim Ji Hye , Kwon Heon‐Ju , Lee Jeongjin , Song Gi‐Won , Lee Sung‐Gyu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe accurate estimation of liver volume and right/left ratio in donor candidates is critical, but there is no method using portal vein (PV) flow.MethodsOf 125 donor candidates, right/left liver volume ratio was estimated using ultrasound (US)‐PV area ratio and Doppler US‐PV flow ratio, and the results were compared with CT volumetry. We analyzed these results in 76 donors who underwent hemihepatectomy. We evaluated diagnostic values of Doppler US‐PV flow for <30% remnant liver volume high‐risk donors, and compared liver volume by Doppler US‐PV flow with actual graft weight.ResultsIn 125 donor candidates, 96.8% showed <10% difference between liver volume ratio by Doppler US‐PV flow ratio and CT volumetry. Compared with CT volumetry, the mean percentage difference of liver volume ratio by Doppler US‐PV flow ratio was significantly smaller than that by US‐PV area ratio (±0.7% vs ±6.3%, P<.001). In 76 donors who underwent hemihepatctomy, results were similar, showing smaller mean percentage difference of liver volume ratio by Doppler US‐PV flow ratio than that by US‐PV area ratio (±1.0% vs ±6.0%, P<.001). Sensitivity and specificity for <30% remnant liver volume donors were 76.9% and 76.8%. Blood‐free liver volume by Doppler US‐PV flow was linearly correlated with graft weight (R2=0.770, P<.001), although significantly different, with 8.5% error ratio (669.3±173.2 vs 633.7±187.1, P=.001).ConclusionDoppler US‐PV flow can effectively estimate right/left liver volume ratio in initial donor investigation. However, Doppler US‐PV flow is not accurate in assessing donors with <30% remnant liver volume and in estimating actual graft weight.
S1 guidelines: Lipedema
Authors: Reich‐Schupke Stefanie , Schmeller Wilfried , Brauer Wolfgang Justus , Cornely Manuel E. , Faerber Gabriele , Ludwig Malte , Lulay Gerd , Miller Anya , Rapprich Stefan , Richter Dirk Frank , Schacht Vivien , Schrader Klaus , Stücker Markus , Ure Christian 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe present, revised guidelines on lipedema were developed under the auspices of and funded by the German Society of Phlebology (DGP). The recommendations are based on a systematic literature search and the consensus of eight medical societies and working groups. The guidelines contain recommendations with respect to diagnosis and management of lipedema.The diagnosis is established on the basis of medical history and clinical findings. Characteristically, there is a localized, symmetrical increase in subcutaneous adipose tissue in arms and legs that is in marked disproportion to the trunk. Other findings include edema, easy bruising, and increased tenderness. Further diagnostic tests are usually reserved for special cases that require additional workup. Lipedema is a chronic, progressive disorder marked by the individual variability and unpredictability of its clinical course.Treatment consists of four therapeutic mainstays that should be combined as necessary and address current clinical symptoms: complex physical therapy (manual lymphatic drainage, compression therapy, exercise therapy, and skin care), liposuction and plastic surgery, diet, and physical activity, as well as psychotherapy if necessary. Surgical procedures are indicated if – despite thorough conservative treatment – symptoms persist, or if there is progression of clinical findings and/or symptoms. If present, morbid obesity should be therapeutically addressed prior to liposuction.
Dermatologische Manifestationen der tuberösen Sklerose (TSC)
Authors: Ebrahimi‐Fakhari Daniel , Meyer Sascha , Vogt Thomas , Pföhler Claudia , Müller Cornelia Sigrid Lissi 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungDie tuberöse Sklerose (tuberous scerlosis complex, TSC) ist eine genetische Multisystemerkrankung mit auffälliger Hautbeteiligung, die häufig in der frühen Kindheit eintritt. Zu den dermatologischen Manifestationen gehören faziale Angiofibrome, hypomelanotische Maculae, fibröse Stirnplaques, Shagreen‐Fleck (shagreen patches) und unguale Fibrome. Die Internationale TSC‐Konsensuskonferenz (International TSC Consensus Conference) von 2012 hat Leitlinien für die standardisierte Erstuntersuchung und die Nachsorge zur Verfügung gestellt. Sowohl für Kinder als auch für Erwachsene werden eine eingehende klinisch‐dermatologische Untersuchung zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose sowie eine jährliche Hautuntersuchung empfohlen. Das erstmalige Auftreten der dermatologischen Manifestationen ist offensichtlich altersabhängig. Allerdings müssen Dermatologen die klinischen Manifestationen auch über ihr eigenes Fachgebiet hinaus beurteilen. Durch Fortschritte in der Genetik und die Einführung von TORC1‐Inhibitoren stehen neue, spezifische Therapieoptionen für TSC‐Patienten mit Hautmanifestationen zur Verfügung. Im Allgemeinen wird bei symptomatischen, sich schnell entwickelnden, entstellenden oder behindernden Läsionen ein frühes Eingreifen empfohlen. Die Konsensus‐Leitlinien empfehlen eine „der Läsion und dem klinischen Kontext angemessene Behandlung“ und schlagen die Anwendung chirurgischer Exzision, Lasertherapie oder topischer mTORC1‐Inhibitoren vor. Topische mTORC1‐Inhibitoren sind eine sinnvolle Option für TSC‐assoziierte Hautläsionen, insbesondere bei medizinisch komplexen Patienten. Sie können nachfolgende chirurgische Eingriffe sowie dauerhafte Narbenbildung verhindern oder ihr Risiko verringern.
A novel cluster of patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) in southern Italy
Authors: Bonfrate Leonilde , Scaccianoce Giuseppe , Palasciano Giuseppe , Ben‐Chetrit Eldad , Portincasa Piero 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundFamilial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disorder characterised by recurrent attacks of fever and serositis (peritonitis, pleuritic or synovitis) affecting mainly populations of Mediterranean origin.AimTo describe a relatively new cluster of FMF subjects from Apulia and Basilicata regions (southern Italy).Patients and methodsSubjects were screened for FMF using the Tel‐Hashomer criteria and genetic analysis. Demographic data were taken from patients’ files and direct interviews. Patients were investigated about attack duration, intensity and site, body temperature, skin manifestations and overall quality of life before and after treatment with colchicine. Inflammatory parameters were also measured between these periods.ResultsForty‐nine subjects had FMF (M : F = 26 : 23, age 38 years ± 2 SE) and followed‐up up to 8 years. The age at disease onset was 22·1 years ± 1·2SE and the diagnostic delay was 15·5 years ± 1·9SE. The majority of patients (82%) suffered from abdominal pain, and 35% had undergone prior abdominal surgery or laparotomy. Severity score (ISSF) was mild in 43% of patients and intermediate in 57% of patients. Serum amyloid A (SAA) was increased in 20% of patients (16·9 ± 3·7, normal range < 6·4 mg/dL). In over 95% of patients, inflammation markers, duration and intensity of febrile painful attacks, quality of life and ISSF score improved dramatically following colchicine treatment.ConclusionThe Apulia region represents a new endemic area for FMF. Clinical presentation of FMF can be misleading and requires a complete and early workup to recognise the disease and avoid unjustified surgery. Colchicine remains the gold standard therapy to prevent FMF attacks and fatal long‐term complications.
Differential expression of homologous recombination DNA repair genes in the early and advanced stages of myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Valka Jan , Vesela Jitka , Votavova Hana , Dostalova‐Merkerova Michaela , Horakova Zuzana , Campr Vit , Brezinova Jana , Zemanova Zuzana , Jonasova Anna , Cermak Jaroslav , Belickova Monika 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe high incidence of mutations and cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) suggests that defects in DNA repair mechanisms. We monitored DNA repair pathways in MDS and their alterations during disease progression.MethodsExpression profiling of DNA repair genes was performed on CD34+ cells, and paired samples were used for monitoring of RAD51 and XRCC2 gene expression during disease progression. Immunohistochemical staining for RAD51 was done on histology samples.ResultsRAD51 and XRCC2 showed differential expression between low‐risk and high‐risk MDS (P<.0001), whereas RPA3 was generally decreased among the entire cohort (FC=−2.65, P<.0001). We demonstrated that RAD51 and XRCC2 expression gradually decreased during the progression of MDS. Down‐regulation of XRCC2 and RAD51 expression was connected with abnormalities on chromosome 7 (P=.0858, P=.0457). Immunohistochemical staining revealed the presence of RAD51 only in the cytoplasm in low‐risk MDS, while in both the cytoplasm and nucleus in high‐risk MDS. The multivariate analysis identified RAD51 expression level (HR 0.49; P=.01) as significant prognostic factor for overall survival of patients with MDS.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that the expression of DNA repair factors, primarily RAD51 and XRCC2, is deregulated in patients with MDS and presents a specific pattern with respect to prognostic categories.