bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surfactant Regulated Chemical Modification of Rice Straw Powder for Biomass Composite Polyurethane Synthetic Leather
Authors: Wang Qian , Liu Shao‐you , Li Hong , Li Chao‐ping , Zhang Bao‐shen , Long You 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFor agricultural countries in Aisa, rice straw is a waste product, but also a valuable bioresource, with its recycling methods often drawing widespread attention. In this study, a novel multicomponent extraction method was proposed to perform comprehensive extraction of holocellulose and lignin from rice straw powder (RSP), resulting in modified rice straw powder (MRSP) with different micro‐morphologyies. The results indicate that the cosolvent tetraethylammonium chloride (TEAC) is more effective for extracting holocellulose and lignin compared to others, and different surfactants have decisive impacts on the extraction of holocellulose and lignin from RSP. Among them, anionic surfactants aid in the extraction of holocellulose, with sodium allylate sulfonate (SAS) being superior due to its greater changes in allyl polarity. Conversely, cationic surfactants facilitate the extraction of lignin, with octadearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC) being superior due to the length of its alkyl‐carbon chain. And the quantized contribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups of surfactants to the extraction of holocellulose and lignin, as well as, the different micromorphology of MRSP is obtained. Additionally, compared to the traditional PU (polyurethane) modified by eucalyptus wood powder (EWP/PU), the MRSP was used to prepare a series of biomass composite polyurethane synthetic leather (MRSP/PU), its tensile strength and peel strength of MRSP/PU coatings are greatly enhanced at the feedstock of 18 %.
3D Printed Metal Organic Framework Hydrogel for Dye Adsorption and Gas Sensing
Authors: Zhu YongChao , Chen Ziyi , Wang Chengyun , Yao Selina X. , Jin Qingxin , Zhou Jun , Li Pengcheng , Liu Bingjie , Long Yu , Xu Hai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetal organic frameworks (MOFs) have tunable chemical structures, orderly pore structures, and modifiable surface functional groups making them a promising material for environmental remediation. However, their rigid powder morphology poses significant challenges for customizing MOF structures with adjustable mechanical properties. Here, we synthesis the stretchable UV‐curable MOF hydrogels through high‐resolution digital light processing 3D printing, and evaluated its adsorption effect on seven common dyesand.The results showed that it had selective adsorption effect on methylene blue (MB), and the adsorption effect increased with the increase of the initial concentration of MB: its adsorption capacity on 6 mgL−1, 12 mgL−1 and 24 mgL−1 MB solution reached 13.55 mgg−1, 26.31 mgg−1 and 50.70 mgg−1 respectively. Compared to powdered MOFs, the 3D‐printed MOF (Cu‐BTC) exhibited superior adsorption for dye and radioactive pollution, with methylene blue adsorption increasing from 8.93 mgg−1 to 25.05 mgg−1 and I2 adsorption from 141.56 mgg−1 to 792.65 mgg−1. Furthermore, the 3D‐printed MOF structure proved easily cleanable with dilute HCl and reusable over five times without degradation. In addition, our study highlighted the suitability of the 3D‐printed MOF for CO2‐sensing devices, demonstrating its broad applicability in environmental remediation and sensing technology.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Spiro Heterocyclic Scaffolds Using Graphite Oxide as a Heterogeneous Carbocatalyst and Study of their Anti‐Microbial Activities
Authors: Paul Pooja , Goswami Munmee , Chakravarty Debaraty , Joshi Sheetal , Joshi Santa Ram , Nongkhlaw Rishanlang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEven though an astonishing variety of spirooxindole derivatives has been synthesized until now, the look for rapid, highly efficacious, environmental‐friendly and more skilful methods is yet an ongoing challenge. Here, we present a microwave‐assisted synthetic approach for the one‐pot synthesis of spirooxindole‐pyrimidine and spiro‐chromeno indoline‐trione derivatives in water using graphite oxide (GO) as a charismatic heterogeneous metal‐free carbocatalyst.Microwave‐assisted synthesis reduces the reaction times from hours (conventional heating) to minutes. The use of a heterogeneous catalyst allows for efficient recovery and reusability up to eight cycles without losing much of its effectiveness, thereby enhancing sustainability. This method offers high product yields of diverse substrates with low catalyst loading and simple work‐up and catalyst handling. In addition, the antimicrobial activities for some randomly taken compounds have also been studied against gram positive bacteria Staphylococcos aureus (MTCC96) and gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli(MTCC730).
Wearable Device with High Thermoelectric Performance and Long‐Lasting Usability Based on Gel‐Thermocells for Body Heat Harvesting
Authors: Jia Yuhang , Zhang Shengming , Li Jing , Han Zhiliang , Zhang Dong , Qu Xiangyang , Wu Zhuotong , Wang Huaping , Chen Shiyan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUtilizing the thermogalvanic effect, flexible thermoelectric materials present a compelling avenue for converting heat into electricity, especially in the context of wearable electronics. However, prolonged usage is hampered by the limitation imposed on the thermoelectric device's operational time due to the evaporation of moisture. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) offer a promising solution for low‐moisture gel fabrication. In this study, a bacterial cellulose (BC)/polyacrylic acid (PAA)/guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) gel is synthesized by incorporating BC into the DES. High‐performance n‐type and p‐type thermocells (TECs) are developed by introducing Fe(ClO4)2/3 and K3/4Fe(CN)6, respectively. BC enhances the mechanical properties through the construction of an interpenetrating network structure. The coordination of carboxyl groups on PAA with Fe3+ and the crystallization induced by Gdm+ with [Fe(CN)6]4− remarkably improve the thermoelectric performance, achieving a Seebeck coefficient (S) of 2.4 mV K−1 and ion conductivity (σ) of 1.4 S m−1 for the n‐type TEC, and ‒2.8 mV K−1 and 1.9 S m−1 for the p‐type TEC. A flexible wearable thermoelectric device is fabricated with a S of 82 mV K−1 and it maintains a stable output over one month. This research broadens the application scope of DESs in the thermoelectric field and offers promising strategies for long‐lasting wearable energy solutions.
Lamellipodia‐Mediated Osteoblast Haptotaxis Guided by Fibronectin Ligand Concentrations on a Multiplex Chip
Authors: Liu Chao , Feng Xiaotian , Jeong Seoyoung , Carr Melissa L. , Gao Yiwen , Atit Radhika P. , Senyo Samuel E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSkull morphogenesis is a complex, dynamic process involving two different germ layers and progressing to the coordinated, directional growth of individual bones. The mechanisms underlying directional growth toward the apex are not completely understood. Here, a microfluidic chip‐based approach is utilized to test whether calvarial osteoblast progenitors undergo haptotaxis on a gradient of Fibronectin1 (FN1) via lamellipodia. Mimicking the embryonic cranial mesenchyme's FN1 pattern, FN1 gradients is established in the chip using computer modeling and fluorescent labeling. Primary mouse calvarial osteoblast progenitors are plated in the chip along an array of segmented gradients of adsorbed FN1. The study performs single‐cell tracking and measures protrusive activity. Haptotaxis is observed at an intermediate FN1 concentration, with an average directional migration index (yFMI) of 0.07, showing a significant increase compared to the control average yFMI of ‐0.01. A significant increase in protrusive activity is observed during haptotaxis. Haptotaxis is an Arp2/3‐dependent, lamellipodia‐mediated process. Calvarial osteoblast progenitors treated with the Arp2/3 (Actin Related Protein 2/3 complex) inhibitor CK666 show significantly diminished haptotaxis, with an average yFMI of 0.01. Together, these results demonstrate haptotaxis on an FN1 gradient as a new mechanism in the apical expansion of calvarial osteoblast progenitors during development and shed light on the etiology of calvarial defects.
Entrapment and Reactivation of Polysulfides in Conductive Amphiphilic Covalent Organic Frameworks Enabling Superior Capacity and Stability of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wu Chuanguang , Yan Xiaorong , Yu Haiping , Xiong Jiakui , Zhang Hao , Li Tengfei , Zhao Guoqing , Shan Guangcun , Liu Jinzhang , Hu Mingjun , Luo Jun , Yang Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInhibiting the shuttle of polysulfides is of great significance for promoting the practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Here, an imine‐linked covalent organic framework@carbon nanotube (COF@CNT) interlayer composed of triazine and boroxine rings is constructed between the sulfur cathode and the separator for polysulfides reception and reutilization. The introduction of CNT imparts the conductor characteristic to the interlayer attributed to electron tunneling in thin COF shell, and creates a hierarchical porous architecture for accommodating polysulfides. The uniform distribution of amphiphilic adsorption sites in COF microporous structure not only enables efficient entrapment of polysulfides while allowing the penetration of Li+ ions, but also provides a stable electrocatalytic channel for bidirectional conversion of active sulfur to achieve the substantially improved capacity and stability. The interlayer‐incorporated LSBs deliver an ultrahigh capacity of 1446 mA g−1 at 0.1C and an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.019% at 1C over 1500 cycles. Even at an electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 6 µL mg−1, an outstanding capacity of 995 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 74.1% over 200 cycles at 0.2C are obtained. This work offers a compelling polysulfides entrapment and reactivation strategy for stimulating the study on ultra‐stable LSBs.
A Biodegradable, Porous Flier Inspired by a Parachute‐Like Tragopogon Fruit for Environmental Preservation
Authors: Mariani Stefano , Cikalleshi Kliton , Ronzan Marilena , Filippeschi Carlo , Naselli Giovanna Adele , Mazzolai Barbara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNew devices inspired by flying seeds, or more technically by fruits with dispersal units, could have a significant impact for environmental monitoring and aerial seeding. Among the various types of dispersal units (e.g., winged, gliding), parachuted or plumed units offer the lowest vertical descent speed (i.e., 0.3–0.7 m s−1), making them an appealing solution for wind‐driven distribution over large areas. Here, a biodegradable and porous parachute flier based on cellulose acetate, inspired by a Tragopogon pratensis fruit is presented. A micrometric‐thick pappus is 3D printed and integrated with a porous colorimetric indicator or a porous beak, with micrometric pores, fabricated through injection molding and leaching techniques. Thanks to the bioinspired design and the lightweight porous structure, the artificial Tragopogon mimics the aerodynamics and descent speed of the natural species. Its feasibility is demonstrated in aerial seeding by integrating the beak with a mustard seed (as a model), and in environmental monitoring by coupling it with colorimetric indicators for rain pH and nitrate levels in soils. The proposed flier represents a significant advancement as it is the first parachute‐like biodegradable solution, seamlessly integrated into natural ecosystems, thus contributing to moving a step forward in artificial solutions with zero impact.
Droplet Friction on Superhydrophobic Surfaces Scales With Liquid‐Solid Contact Fraction
Authors: Lepikko Sakari , Turkki Valtteri , Koskinen Tomi , Raju Ramesh , Jokinen Ville , Kiseleva Mariia S. , Rantataro Samuel , Timonen Jaakko V.I. , Backholm Matilda , Tittonen Ilkka , Ras Robin H.A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt is generally assumed that contact angle hysteresis of superhydrophobic surfaces scales with liquid–solid contact fraction, however, its experimental verification has been problematic due to the limited accuracy of contact angle and sliding angle goniometry. Advances in cantilever‐based friction probes enable accurate droplet friction measurements down to the nanonewton regime, thus suiting much better for characterizing the wetting of superhydrophobic surfaces than contact angle hysteresis measurements. This work quantifies the relationship between droplet friction and liquid–solid contact fraction, through theory and experimental validation. Well‐defined micropillar and microcone structures are used as model surfaces to provide a wide range of different liquid–solid contact fractions. Micropillars are known to be able to hold the water on top of them, and a theoretical analysis together with confocal laser scanning microscopy shows that despite the spiky nature of the microcones droplets do not sink into the conical structure either, rendering a diminishingly small liquid–solid contact fraction. Droplet friction characterization with a micropipette force sensor technique reveals a strong dependence of the droplet friction on the contact fraction, and the dependency is described with a simple physical equation, despite the nearly three‐orders‐of‐magnitude difference in liquid–solid contact fraction between the sparsest cone surface and the densest pillar surface.
Effect of Size Tuning of Hexagonal SnS2 Nanosheet on the Efficiency of Photocatalytic Degradation Processes
Authors: Wang Jinnong , Zhao Xinyu , He Jie , Chen Tianen , Han Lin , Zhou Qianyu , Zhao Dongye , Wang Yuanhao , Wang Shifeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent research on SnS2 materials aims to enhance their photocatalytic efficiency for water pollution remediation through doping and constructing heterojunctions. These methods face challenges in cost‐effectiveness and practical scalability. This study synthesizes hexagonal SnS2 nanosheets of various sizes via a hydrothermal method, assessing their performance in degrading methyl orange (MO) and reducing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). The results show that smaller SnS2 nanosheets exhibit higher photocatalytic efficiency under sunlight. Specifically, 50 mg of small‐sized nanosheets degraded 100 ml of MO (10 mgL−1) in 30 min and reduced Cr(VI) (10 mgL−1) in 105 min. The enhanced performance is attributed to: i) an energy bandgap of 2.17 eV suitable for visible light, and ii) more surface sulfur (S) vacancies in smaller nanosheets, which create electronic states near the Fermi level, reducing electron‐hole recombination. This study offers a straightforward strategy for improving 2D materials like SnS2.
1D Anionic Covalent Organic Frameworks With Directed Migration of Alkali Metal Ions for High Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Gao Ye , Han Wang‐Kang , Zhu Ruo‐Meng , Fu Jia‐Xing , Feng Jing‐Dong , Gu Zhi‐Guo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRational construction of high‐performance ionic conductors is a critical challenge in the field of energy storage. In this study, a series of 1D anionic titanium‐based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) containing abundant alkali metal ion migration sites, namely, COF‐M‐R (M = Li, Na, K; R = H, Me, Et), is constructed. The integration of negative TiO62− sites on 1D anionic COFs allows alkali metal cations to migrate directly through the channels. Meanwhile, the π–π stacking of 1D chain‐to‐chain allows the distribution of ion‐migration sites in 2D planes. In view of this, multidimensional ionic transport in COFs is realized to achieve high ionic conductivity. COF‐M‐Rs exhibit an increased ionic conductivity as the counterions change from Li+ to Na+ to K+. Notably, COF‐Na‐Et has an impressive ionic conductivity as high as 0.81 × 10−3 S cm−1. The different decorated groups (H, Me, and Et) on the skeleton influence the dissociation of the cation from the polyanion. This study offers deep insights into the design of COF‐based solid‐state electrolytes to achieve high ionic conductivity by increasing the ionic transport dimensions.
Biocompatible WSe2@BSA Dots with Merged Catalyst and Coreactant for Efficient Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Yin Fei , Zhou Xiaohe , Zhang Mingming , Sun Qian , Zhao Jinjin , Wu Guoqiu , Zhang Yuanjian , Shen Yanfei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a powerful tool for clinical diagnosis due to its exceptional sensitivity. However, the standard tripropylamine (TPrA) coreactant for Ru(bpy)3Cl2, the most widely studied and used ECL system, is highly toxic. Despite extensive research on alternative coreactants, they often fall short in poor efficiency. From a reaction kinetics perspective, accelerating electrooxidation rate of Ru(bpy)3Cl2 is an essential way to compensate the efficiency limitation of coreactants, but is rarely reported. Here, a hybrid electrocatalyst@coreactant dots for the ECL of Ru(bpy)3Cl2 is reported. The as‐prepared WSe2@bovine serum albumin (WSe2@BSA) dots is biocompatible, and demonstrate dual functions, i.e., the BSA shell works as a coreactant, meanwhile, the WSe2 core effectively catalyzes Ru(bpy)3Cl2 oxidation. As a result, WSe2@BSA dots exhibit an exceptionally high efficiency comparable to TPrA for the ECL of Ru(bpy)3Cl2. In addition, the procedure for synthesizing WSe2@BSA dots is facile (room temperature, atmospheric conditions), rapid (5 min), and scalable (for millions of bioassays). A biosensor utilizing WSe2@BSA dots shows promise for highly sensitive detecting glypican‐3 in clinical liver cancer serum samples, especially for alpha‐fetoprotein‐negative patients. This work opens a new avenue for developing a highly efficient ECL system for biosensing and clinical diagnosis.
Green Hydrogen Production by Low‐Temperature Membrane‐Engineered Water Electrolyzers, and Regenerative Fuel Cells
Authors: Bodard Alexandre , Chen Zhangsen , ELJarray Oumayma , Zhang Gaixia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGreen hydrogen (H2) is an essential component of global plans to reduce carbon emissions from hard‐to‐abate industries and heavy transport. However, challenges remain in the highly efficient H2 production from water electrolysis powered by renewable energies. The sluggish oxygen evolution restrains the H2 production from water splitting. Rational electrocatalyst designs for highly efficient H2 production and oxygen evolution are pivotal for water electrolysis. With the development of high‐performance electrolyzers, the scale‐up of H2 production to an industrial‐level related activity can be achieved. This review summarizes recent advances in water electrolysis such as the proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) and anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE). The critical challenges for PEMWE and AEMWE are the high cost of noble‐metal catalysts and their durability, respectively. This review highlights the anode and cathode designs for improving the catalytic performance of electrocatalysts, the electrolyte and membrane engineering for membrane electrode assembly (MEA) optimizations, and stack systems for the most promising electrolyzers in water electrolysis. Besides, the advantages of integrating water electrolyzers, fuel cells (FC), and regenerative fuel cells (RFC) into the hydrogen ecosystem are introduced. Finally, the perspective of electrolyzer designs with superior performance is presented.
Fiber orientation and orientation factors in steel fiber‐reinforced concrete beams with hybrid fibers:Acritical review
Authors: Medeghini Filippo , Tiberti Giuseppe , Guhathakurta Jajnabalkya , Simon Sven , Plizzari Giovanni A. , Mark Peter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFiber orientation is of paramount importance for the design of fiber‐reinforced concrete (FRC) structural elements, because it markedly influences the postcracking properties of such material. For this reason, structural codes introduce orientation factors which aim to correlate the real mechanical properties of the structural element with the ones determined from standard beams. Although the need of considering fiber orientation in design codes is commonly accepted, the orientation factors are still based on a limited number of research studies, raising the need to better determine fiber orientation to improve the current standards and support the design process of FRC elements. In this research, a steel fiber‐reinforced concrete (SFRC) with a hybrid system of macro and microfibers is steered into a broad range of fiber orientations and cast into standard beams. Besides measuring the mechanical performance of these SFRC beams, three different methods for assessing fiber orientation are employed, namely electromagnetic induction, image analysis, and micro‐computed tomography. The comparison between the outcomes of the different methods provides detailed information about the accuracy and suitability of each method, considering the corresponding domain of applicability at structural level. Finally, a critical review of the most common 2D and 3D orientation parameters found in literature is performed, and the equations are adapted to account for the hybrid system of fibers.
ERK1/2 Regulates Epileptic Seizures by Modulating the DRP1‐Mediated Mitochondrial Dynamic
Authors: Chen Ting , Yang Juan , Zheng Yongsu , Zhou Xuejiao , Huang Hao , Zhang Haiqing , Xu Zucai 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAfter seizures, the hyperactivation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK1/2) causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Through the guidance of dynamin‐related protein 1 (DRP1), ERK1/2 plays a role in the pathogenesis of several illnesses. Herein, we speculate that ERK1/2 affects mitochondrial division and participates in the pathogenesis of epilepsy by regulating the activity of DRP1. LiCl‐Pilocarpine was injected intraperitoneally to establish a rat model of status epilepticus (SE) for this study. Before SE induction, PD98059 and Mdivi‐1 were injected intraperitoneally. The number of seizures and the latency period before the onset of the first seizure were then monitored. The analysis of Western blot was also used to measure the phosphorylated and total ERK1/2 and DRP1 protein expression levels in the rat hippocampus. In addition, immunohistochemistry revealed the distribution of ERK1/2 and DRP1 in neurons of hippocampal CA1 and CA3. Both PD98059 and Mdivi‐1 reduced the susceptibility of rats to epileptic seizures, according to behavioral findings. By inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation, the Western blot revealed that PD98059 indirectly reduced the phosphorylation of DRP1 at Ser616 (p‐DRP1‐Ser616). Eventually, the ERK1/2 and DRP1 were distributed in the cytoplasm of neurons by immunohistochemistry. Inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling pathways downregulates p‐DRP1‐Ser616 expression, which could inhibit DRP1‐mediated excessive mitochondrial fission and then regulate the pathogenesis of epilepsy.