bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardio‐ocular syndrome: Retinal microvascular changes in acutely decompensated heart failure
Authors: Abdin Amr , Abdin Alaa Din , Merone Giuseppe , Aljundi Wissam , Haring Bernhard , Abu Dail Yaser , Mahfoud Felix , Emrich Insa , Al Ghorani Hussam , Böhm Elsa Wilma , Seitz Berthold , Böhm Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsTo investigate the changes in retinal microvasculature by contemporary imaging techniques during episodes of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and following recompensation compared to age‐matched controls without known cardiac or retinal disease.Methods and resultsAdult patients hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of ADHF, regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and treated with a minimum dose of 40 mg of intravenous furosemide or equivalent were included. Transthoracic echocardiography was conducted in all patients. Eye examinations were performed out within the initial 24 h after admission and after recompensation before discharge. All eyes underwent a general examination, including a best corrected visual acuity test, dilated fundoscopy, spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) as well as OCT angiography (OCT‐A). In addition, 40 participants without documented cardiac or retinal diseases served as controls. Forty patients with ADHF (mean age 78.9 ± 8.8 years; 32% female) with a mean LVEF of 43 ± 12.8% were included. All patients were treated with intravenous diuretics for a median of 4.3 ± 2.8 days. There was a significant reduction in N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide from baseline up to discharge (10 396 [interquartile range 6410] vs. 6380 [interquartile range 3933] pg/ml, p ≤ 0.001) and inferior vena cava diameters (2.13 ± 0.4 vs. 1.63 ± 0.3 cm, p = 0.003). Compared to the control group, patients with ADHF showed on admission impaired visual acuity (0.15 ± 0.1 vs. 0.35 ± 0.1 logMAR, p < 0.001), reduced macular vessel density (18.0 ± 1.9 vs. 14.3 ± 3.6 mm/mm2, p < 0.001) and perfusion density (42.6 ± 3.2 vs. 35.2 ± 9.7%, p < 0.001). After recompensation, the mean overall vessel density and mean overall perfusion density were markedly increased at discharge (14.3 ± 3.6 vs. 19.7 ± 2.6 mm/mm2, p = 0.001, and 35.2 ± 9.7 vs. 39.2 ± 6.5%, p = 0.005, respectively). The mean diameter of the superior temporal retinal vein at admission was significantly larger compared to the control group (136 ± 19 vs. 124 ± 22 μm, p = 0.008) and decreased significantly to 122 ± 15 μm at discharge (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis analysis revealed a remarkable reversible change in retinal microvasculature after ADHF. This could provide a valuable evidence for use of OCT‐A in the assessment of overall microperfusion and haemodynamic status in patients with acute heart failure.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Ketones and Aldimines with Ammonia Borane
Authors: Sun Xiong , Xie Zhuoyi , Li Pinggui , Zou Lianghua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEfficient hydrogenation of organic compounds employing low‐cost and easy‐to‐synthesize catalysts is highly desirable as the corresponding hydrogenated products have significant importance in pharmaceutical and fine‐chemical industries. Herein, a cobalt(II) complex supported by α‐diimine ligand has been easily prepared by treatment of anhydrous CoCl2 with diimine, which can catalyze the hydrogenation of unsaturated bond with ammonia borane as the hydrogen source. A variety of ketones and aldimines bearing diverse functional groups can be reduced to corresponding alcohols and amines in moderate to excellent yields at ambient conditions. It is noteworthy that several readily reducible functional groups such as nitro and cyano are tolerated under the standard reaction conditions. Furthermore, the gram‐scale reaction has been successfully carried out and the procedure could be handled easily, which both make this methodology general and practical.
Predicting special forces dropout via explainable machine learning
Authors: Huijzer Rik , de Jonge Peter , Blaauw Frank J. , Baatenburg de Jong Maurits , de Wit Age , Den Hartigh Ruud J. R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSelecting the right individuals for a sports team, organization, or military unit has a large influence on the achievements of the organization. However, the approaches commonly used for selection are either not reporting predictive performance or not explainable (i.e., black box models). In the present study, we introduce a novel approach to selection research, using various machine learning models. We examined 274 special forces recruits, of whom 196 dropped out, who performed a set of physical and psychological tests. On this data, we compared four machine learning models on their predictive performance, explainability, and stability. We found that a stable rule‐based (SIRUS) model was most suitable for classifying dropouts from the special forces selection program. With an averaged area under the curve score of 0.70, this model had good predictive performance, while remaining explainable and stable. Furthermore, we found that both physical and psychological variables were related to dropout. More specifically, a higher score on the 2800 m time, need for connectedness, and skin folds was most strongly associated with dropping out. We discuss how researchers and practitioners can benefit from these insights in sport and performance contexts.
From structure to function: A comprehensive overview of polysaccharide roles and applications
Authors: Xu Bo‐wen , Li Sai‐sai , Ding Wen‐li , Zhang Cai , Rehman Mujeeb Ur , Tareen Muhammad Farooq , Wang Li , Huang Shu‐cheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolysaccharides, also known as glycans, are biological macromolecules consisting of many monosaccharide units. Alongside proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, they constitute the four fundamental substances crucial for life activities and essential for the growth and development of living organisms. As natural products with inherent biological activity, polysaccharides are widely available, nontoxic, and possess numerous functional properties, holding immense potential for advancement in food, medicine, and cosmetics. Furthermore, the exploration of polysaccharide‐based drugs, as an alternative to conventional therapies, emerges as a promising avenue for addressing future disease challenges. This article comprehensively reviews the sources, structural characteristics, synthesis, degradation, functions, and applications of polysaccharides. The potential of polysaccharides for pharmacological applications, in antitumor, antiaging, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, and anticoagulant properties, is summarized. Additionally, the role of polysaccharides in environmental protection is discussed. It is anticipated that this review will offer innovative strategic insights, serving as a theoretical foundation and inspiration for the subsequent research on polysaccharides in healthcare.
Design of experiments with the support of machine learning for process parameter optimization of all‐small‐molecule organic solar cells
Authors: Wang Kuo , Liang Jiaojiao , Li Zhennan , Zhou Haixin , Nie Cong , Deng Jiahao , Zhao Xiaojie , Peng Xinyu , Chen Ziye , Peng Zhiyan , Huang Di , Jang Hun Soo , Kong Jaemin , Zou Yingping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTraditionally, squaraine dyes have been studied and employed in biomedical research due to their excellent optical properties, and the molecules are being adopted in different research fields such as organic solar cells. In this study, we investigate correlations between solar cell performance and processing parameters of all‐small‐molecule bulk heterojunction solar cells comprising squaraine (SQ) as electron donor (D) and non‐fullerene small molecules (e.g., ITIC) as electron acceptor (A) with the help of machine learning (ML) and design of experiment (DoE) methods. Among the five predictive ML models tested with the selected parameters, the eXtreme gradient boosting model shows the satisfactory results with quite high coefficient of determination of 0.999 and 0.997 in training and testing sets, respectively. By measuring the contribution of each input variable to solar cell efficiency, four process parameters, that is, the total concentration, the ratio of D/A, the rotational speed of spin coating, and the annealing temperature, are found to be the key features strongly correlated to solar cell efficiency. From contour plots in DoE, the highest solar cell efficiency of approximately 5% can be predicted under the conditions of 15 mg mL−1 in solution concentration, a 1:2 mix ratio of D and A, rotational speeds ranging from 800 to 900 rpm, and annealing temperatures within 100–110°C. Using the suggested parameter conditions, we fabricated solar cells, achieving a quite high efficiency of approximately 4%. Besides the global optimization conditions, we also employ the solvent vapor annealing combination to the thermal annealing to facilitate further mobilization of molecules and more optimized microstructure of bulk heterojunction films, resulting in a further enhancement in solar cell efficiency of more than 20%.
Interval Forecasting of Carbon Price With a Novel Hybrid Multiscale Decomposition and Bootstrap Approach
Authors: Zhu Bangzhu , Wan Chunzhuo , Wang Ping , Chevallier Julien 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a novel hybrid multiscale decomposition and bootstrap approach for carbon price interval forecasting, aiming to overcome the limitations of traditional carbon price point forecasting. The original carbon price is decomposed into simple modes using the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), and various bootstrap methods are applied to perform a random sampling with a replacement on each mode, generating pseudo datasets forecasted using extreme gradient boosting (XGB). The forecasting values of all modes are then integrated into the original carbon price interval forecasting values. The empirical results, based on samples from China's Guangdong and Hubei carbon markets, provide compelling evidence of the effectiveness of our model. It achieves higher forecasting accuracy, higher interval coverage, and narrower forecasting intervals than currently popular prediction models, instilling confidence in its potential to enhance carbon price forecasting.
The role of ATP citrate lyase in myelin formation and maintenance
Authors: Schneider Andrew , Won Seongsik , Armstrong Eric A. , Cooper Aaron J. , Suresh Amulya , Rivera Rachell , Barrett‐Wilt Gregory , Denu John M. , Simcox Judith A. , Svaren John 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFormation of myelin by Schwann cells is tightly coupled to peripheral nervous system development and is important for neuronal function and long‐term maintenance. Perturbation of myelin causes a number of specific disorders that are among the most prevalent diseases affecting the nervous system. Schwann cells synthesize myelin lipids de novo rather than relying on uptake of circulating lipids, yet one unresolved matter is how acetyl CoA, a central metabolite in lipid formation is generated during myelin formation and maintenance. Recent studies have shown that glucose‐derived acetyl CoA itself is not required for myelination. However, the importance of mitochondrially‐derived acetyl CoA has never been tested for myelination in vivo. Therefore, we have developed a Schwann cell‐specific knockout of the ATP citrate lyase (Acly) gene to determine the importance of mitochondrial metabolism to supply acetyl CoA in nerve development. Intriguingly, the ACLY pathway is important for myelin maintenance rather than myelin formation. In addition, ACLY is required to maintain expression of a myelin‐associated gene program and to inhibit activation of the latent Schwann cell injury program.
Investigating the impact of COVID‐19 on international student wellbeing in Australia
Authors: Backman Bettina , George Neetu , Whiteside Bianca , McKay Fiona H. , Dunn Matthew 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIssue AddressedInternational students are at a heightened risk of experiencing negative health and wellbeing outcomes, which was further exacerbated during the COVID‐19 lockdowns. This research sought to explore the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the health and wellbeing of international students in Australia.MethodsThirty‐one international students participated in qualitative in‐depth interviews between March and April 2022 to explore their experiences of health and wellbeing during 2020–2021 while they lived and studied in Australia. Interviews were coded and analysed thematically using NVivo software.ResultsFindings highlight the impact of the pandemic on international students' mental, social and financial wellbeing, including worry about loved ones, social isolation, financial and employment insecurity and challenges related to online learning. The pandemic exacerbated and brought more attention to existing issues and placed students in unequal positions in relation to domestic students and each other.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic has increased students' vulnerability to poor mental health and to a range of social and financial issues.So What?The findings of this study highlight the need for support strategies to improve international students' mental health and social wellbeing outcomes in Australia.
Rabies control in Ghana: Stakeholders interventions, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Emikpe Benjamin Obukowho , Asare Derrick Adu , Tasiame William , Segbaya Sylvester , Takyi Prince Nana , Allegye‐Cudjoe Emmanuel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundRabies remains a significant public health issue in Ghana, predominantly affecting rural communities with limited access to health care and veterinary services. The disease is primarily transmitted through bites from infected domestic dogs and leads to many deaths worldwide each year. Despite various interventions, Ghana continues to struggle with rabies control and prevention. This narrative paper focuses on rabies control in Ghana, examining stakeholders' interventions, challenges faced, and opportunities available.MethodsThe paper reviews existing rabies control measures in Ghana, including dog vaccination efforts and One Health strategies. It also discusses the limitations of these interventions, such as minimal vaccination coverage, weak surveillance, and inadequate intersectoral coordination.ResultsGhana has implemented dog vaccination campaigns, but coverage remains minimal. Additionally, weak disease surveillance, cultural perceptions, and inadequate coordination across sectors have hampered the country's ability to control rabies effectively.ConclusionAdopting One Health principles, which integrate human, animal, and environmental health efforts, is emphasized as a critical strategy to eliminate rabies in Ghana by 2030. By addressing these challenges and leveraging available opportunities, Ghana can strengthen its rabies control programs and work toward a rabies‐free future.
Oligometastatic non‐small cell lung cancer: Impact of local and contemporary systemic treatment approaches on clinical outcome
Authors: Wiesweg Marcel , Küter Claudia , Schnorbach Johannes , Keyl Julius , Metzenmacher Martin , Cvetkovic Jelena , Saalfeld Felix Carl , Glanemann Franziska , Eberhardt Wilfried , Oezkan Filiz , Theegarten Dirk , Stenzinger Albrecht , Darwiche Kaid , Koschel Dirk , Herth Felix , Bölükbas Servet , Winter Hauke , Weykamp Fabian , Wermke Martin , Stuschke Martin , Plönes Till , Thomas Michael , Schuler Martin , Christopoulos Petros 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOligometastatic (OMD) non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a distinct but heterogeneous entity. Current guidelines recommend systemic therapy and consolidation with local ablative therapy (LAT). However, evidence regarding the optimal choice of multimodal treatment approaches is lacking, in particular with respect to the integration of immunotherapy. This real‐world study identified 218 patients with OMD NSCLC (2004–2023, prespecified criteria: ≤5 metastases in ≤2 organ systems) from three major German comprehensive cancer centers. Most patients had one (72.5%) or two (17.4%) metastatic lesions in a single (89.9%) organ system. Overall survival (OS) was significantly longer with a single metastatic lesion (HR 0.54, p = .003), and female gender (HR 0.4, p < .001). Median OS of the full cohort was 27.8 months, with 29% survival at 5 years. Patients who had completed LAT to all NSCLC sites, typically excluding patients with early progression, had a median OS of 34.4 months (37.7% 5‐year OS rate) with a median recurrence‐free survival (RFS) of 10.9 months (13.3% at 5 years). In those patients, systemic treatment as part of first‐line therapy was associated with doubling of RFS (12.3 vs. 6.4 months, p < .001). Despite limited follow‐up of patients receiving chemo‐immunotherapy (EU approval 2018/2019), RFS was greatly improved by adding checkpoint inhibitors to chemotherapy (HR 0.44, p = .008, 2‐year RFS 51.4% vs. 15.1%). In conclusion, patients with OMD NSCLC benefitted from multimodality approaches integrating systemic therapy and local ablation of all cancer sites. A substantial proportion of patients achieved extended OS, suggesting a potential for cure that can be further augmented with the addition of immunotherapy.
A longitudinal investigation of parenting, depression, and counseling use among Asian American adolescents
Authors: Kalibatseva Zornitsa , Wu Ivan H. C. , Qin Desiree B. , Settles Isis H. , Buchanan NiCole T. , Leong Frederick T. L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionAsian American adolescents are equally or more likely to experience depression but less likely to seek treatment for depression than adolescents from other racial and ethnic groups in the US. The current study examined the long‐term effects of parental care, parental control, and parental closeness on depression and counseling use among Asian American adolescents.MethodsUsing data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we conducted a cross‐lagged path analysis with 270 Asian American adolescents (48.1% female; 51.9% male). The study used data from Waves I, II, and III (1994–2002) with participants' mean ages ranging from 14 to 23.ResultsFindings indicated that the cross‐sectional relationships between parenting characteristics and depression were stronger than the longitudinal relationships suggesting that parenting practices may be a stronger proximal, rather than distal, predictor of depression. Specifically, parental closeness was associated with less depression in early and mid‐adolescence (age 12–18), but the relationship changed direction in young adulthood (age 18–26). Additionally, a significant interaction suggested that parental care was related to fewer depressive symptoms for those who reported high, compared to low, parental control in mid‐adolescence (age 14–18). Furthermore, high parental care was associated with more counseling use at high levels of control. However, high parental care was associated with less counseling use at low levels of parental control in early adolescence.ConclusionThese results highlight the importance of understanding parenting characteristics using longitudinal designs when examining the development of depression and help‐seeking behaviors among Asian American adolescents.
Urban Black adolescents' victimization experiences: The moderating role of family factors on internalizing and academic outcomes
Authors: Hernandez Belinda E. , McDaniel Heather L. , Bradshaw Catherine P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the moderating role of family factors on victimization experiences and internalizing and academic outcomes. Data (collected 2017–2019) on 471 Black urban ninth graders (51% male; Mage = 14 years) with elevated externalizing symptoms were analyzed and we explored how the interaction between (self‐reported) racial socialization, parent relations, and (teacher‐reported) family academic involvement and (self‐reported) violence exposure, racial discrimination, and (teacher‐reported) bullying potentially influenced (student‐ and teacher‐reported) anxiety and depression, and (student‐reported) academic engagement and negative school attitudes. High racial socialization and parent relations were associated with lower internalizing symptoms for youth with discrimination and heard violence, respectively. High academic involvement and parent relations were linked with higher internalizing symptoms for youth with discrimination and high parent relations were linked with higher anxiety for bullied youth. Racial socialization and parent relations may help offset the potential influence of discrimination and heard violence, respectively, for adolescents.
Effects of an untreated medial meniscal ramp lesion on histological deterioration findings of the medial meniscus: A study in a porcine anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction model
Authors: Saitsu Akihiro , Takahashi Tsuneari , Kakiage Hibiki , Hatayama Kazuhisa , Kubo Tatsuya , Matsumoto Yuta , Takeshita Katsushi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of untreated medial meniscal ramp lesions (MMRLs) on the tendon graft after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and histological findings of medial meniscus (MM) in a porcine a model.MethodsA total of 17 pigs were divided into two groups: (1) the untreated MMRL group (UM group, n = 9) and (2) intact MM group (n = 8) and euthanized 12 weeks after surgery. The specimens were then tested cyclically and loaded to failure. Side‐to‐side differences (SSDs) in translation under cyclic loading and structural properties were analyzed. Histological evaluation of the MM was also performed.ResultsNo significant differences in the SSD in translation during the cyclic testing (UM group, 0.3 ± 0.4 mm; intact MM group, 0.1 ± 1.4 mm), upper yield load (UM group, 476.3 ± 399.9 N; intact MM group, 643.2 ± 302.9 N), maximum load (UM group, 539.5 ± 265.8 N; intact MM group, 705.8 ± 282.6 N), linear stiffness (UM group, 63.5 ± 39.0 N/mm; intact MM group, 73.7 ± 60.1 N/mm) and elongation at failure (UM group, −4.6 ± 16.3 mm; intact MM group, 2.3 ± 6.6 mm) were observed. However, the UM group had significantly worse Modified Mankin's histological grading scores (1.8 ± 0.4 [1–2] vs. 0 ± 0 [0]; p < 0.001) and Modified Copenhaver classification scores (6.6 ± 2.4 [2–9] vs. 0.7 ± 1.1 [0–3]; p < 0.001) than did the intact MM group.ConclusionUntreated MMRLs showed postoperative histological deterioration.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.