bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Políticas de formação continuada e a prática pedagógica do professor de Filosofia
Authors: Rodrigues Zita Lago 
Published: November 2017

Apresenta reflexões sobre as políticas de formação docente, na perspectiva dacomplexidade da sociedade contemporânea, propondo a superação das fragmentações e das exclusões seletivas na arquitetura curricular e pedagógica da educação. Contextualiza a importância da busca por posições teórico­práticas englobantes e de melhor compreensãosobre os fenômenos socioculturais e pedagógicos nos quais se inserem a educação e a formação docente. Explicita o papel do professor de Filosofia em suas práticas pedagógicas como exercício da dúvida metódica, cuja importante tarefa epistemológica não pode ser desenvolvida sem referência a uma antropologia fundante e a uma axiologia geral sobre o agir humano nos dimensões éticas, políticas, científicas e pedagógicas, devendo ser efetivada em reflexões sistematizadas e aprofundadas que “pensem seu tempo”, não se submetendo a coerções e coações de qualquer natureza. Pressupõe a necessidade do pensamento complexo e da ação comunicativa, reflexiva e situada como forma e exercício cotidiano do “fazer filosofia” na ação pedagógica do cotidiano escolar .
Ecos do romantismo no cotidiano escolar: um olhar da filosofia na educação básica
Authors: Alberton Arlindo , Diez Carmen Fornari 
Published: November 2017

Este relato se refere ao trabalho pedagógico que foi desenvolvido com as turmas de terceiro ano, do período matutino, na disciplina de filosofia, da Escola de Educação Básica Casimiro de Abreu durante o mês de setembro de 2011. O trabalho teve como temática o estudo do período literário, artístico e filosófico do romantismo europeu, suas influencias no Brasil e as características deste movimento na música brasileira nas décadas de 1970 e 1980. O objetivo foi conhecer e analisar os reflexos do romantismo durante a juventude dos paisdos alunos envolvidos no estudo. A metodologia utilizada foi investigativa, exploratória e conclusiva, tendo como ponto de partida os referenciais teóricos do romantismo, o contexto histórico dos períodos estudados, as experiências individuais dos pais e sua relação com este estilo. Conhecer a história pessoal instiga, desafia, seduz e proporciona o inestimável prazer de conhecer elementos de significância ao sujeito. As etapas e a constituição destes períodosdependeram da necessidade e da valoração que cada estudante despendeu à sua pesquisa. O estudo surgiu da necessidade de aproximar os conteúdos da disciplina à vida cotidiana, possibilitando um diálogo inter e entre gerações quanto aos aspectos mais significativos da percepção de concepção da existência do indivíduo na sociedade.
Measuring Adherence and Outcomes in the Treatment of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Hao Jing , Pitcavage James , Jones J.B. , Hoegerl Carl , Graham Jove 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Context
Both adherence and outcomes are more difficult to measure in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) than in patients with diseases such as hypertension, for which most medications are taken orally and surrogate outcomes (eg, blood pressure) are routinely collected.

Objectives
To characterize the adherence and outcomes of patients with MS within a large integrated health system and to assess the relationship between adherence and outcomes.

Study Design
Retrospective review of adherence and health care utilization outcomes via electronic health records and claims (2004-2013) combined with a prospective survey regarding adherence and functional outcomes (2012-2013).

Methods
Retrospectively, medication possession ratios were calculated, and adherence groups were compared regarding health care utilization and costs. Prospectively, patients were recruited to complete questionnaires to measure self-reported adherence (SRA) and MS-specific outcomes, including the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS), the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM). Regression was used to statistically test for differences in these outcomes among adherence groups.

Results
A total of 681 patients were studied. Most patients (307 of 375 [82%] in the retrospective cohort and 244 of 306 [89%] in the prospective cohort) had greater that 80% adherence to their MS medications. Mean inpatient days per patient for MS-related admissions was highest for high-adherence than for intermediate and low-adherence patients (0.52 vs 0.23 and 0.34, respectively; P<.001), but no other associations between adherence and health care utilization were found. Mean outpatient costs and total costs were lowest for the low-adherence group, suggesting that higher adherence may not guarantee cost savings overall. Patients with intermediate and high self-reported adherence showed significantly better mean scores than patients with low adherence on several MS outcomes, including EDSS (4.1 and 4.2 vs 4.8, P<.05), MSIS physical function (33 and 35 vs 41, P<.05), and TSQM Global Satisfaction (75 and 78 vs 70, P<.05).

Conclusions
The findings of this study indicate that patients with MS are mostly adherent to their existing treatments. Patients with greater medication adherence may have increased cost, but their physical outcomes are better. This finding may shed light on other chronic disease entities and how we view the success of treatments.
Benign Breast Conditions
Authors: Bodine Andrea M. , Holahan Brian , Mixon Alyssa 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Breast masses and nipple discharge are common symptoms that lead women to seek medical care. Many of the findings on subsequent examination are benign. When evaluating a patient who presents with breast masses or nipple discharge, it is useful to take a holistic approach to evaluating the patient, including a detailed history, structural and directed physical examination, and, if indicated, laboratory studies, diagnostic imaging, and biopsy. The goal of this review is to assist physicians in understanding the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of benign breast conditions.
Rankine‐Hugoniot Relations in Multispecies Plasma With Gyrotropic Anisotropic Downstream Ion Distributions
Authors: Gedalin M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn the observed heliospheric shocks downstream distributions are usually measured in the regions where the kinematic relaxation has already happened but isotropy is not achieved. Rankine‐Hugoniot relations, connecting the upstream and downstream plasma parameters, should be able to take into account the downstream ion anisotropy. In a multispecies plasma different species behave differently at the ramp crossing and when collisionlessly gyrating in the downstream region. The downstream density and pressure of each species can be expressed in terms of the magnetic compression and the cross‐shock potential, which allows us to derive new Rankine‐Hugoniot relations.
Impact Crater Morphology and the Structure of Europa's Ice Shell
Authors: Silber Elizabeth A. , Johnson Brandon C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe performed numerical simulations of impact crater formation on Europa to infer the thickness and structure of its ice shell. The simulations were performed using iSALE to test both the conductive ice shell over ocean and the conductive lid over warm convective ice scenarios for a variety of conditions. The modeled crater depth‐diameter is strongly dependent on the thermal gradient and temperature of the warm convective ice. Our results indicate that both a fully conductive (thin) shell and a conductive‐convective (thick) shell can reproduce the observed crater depth‐diameter and morphologies. For the conductive ice shell over ocean, the best fit is an approximately 8 km thick conductive ice shell. Depending on the temperature (255–265 K) and therefore strength of warm convective ice, the thickness of the conductive ice lid is estimated at 5–7 km. If central features within the crater, such as pits and domes, form during crater collapse, our simulations are in better agreement with the fully conductive shell (thin shell). If central features form well after the impact, however, our simulations suggest that a conductive‐convective shell (thick shell) is more likely. Although our study does not provide a firm conclusion regarding the thickness of Europa's ice shell, our work indicates that Valhalla class multiring basins on Europa may provide robust constraints on the thickness of Europa's ice shell.
Assessment of GIC Based On Transfer Function Analysis
Authors: Ingham M. , Rodger C. J. , Divett T. , Dalzell M. , Petersen T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTransfer functions are calculated for periods between 2 and 1,000 min between geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) measured at three transformers in the South Island of New Zealand and variations in the horizontal components of the geomagnetic field measured at the Eyrewell Observatory near Christchurch. Using an inverse Fourier transform, the transfer functions allow the GIC expected in these transformers to be estimated for any variation of the inducing magnetic field. Comparison of the predicted GIC with measured GIC for individual geomagnetic storms shows remarkable agreement, although the lack of high‐frequency measurements of GIC and the need for interpolation of the measurements lead to a degree of underestimation of the peak GIC magnitude. An approximate correction for this is suggested. Calculation of the GIC for a magnetic storm in November 2001 that led to the failure of a transformer in Dunedin suggests that peak GIC were as large as about 80 A. Use of spectral scaling to estimate the likely GIC associated with a geomagnetic storm of the magnitude of the 1859 Carrington Event indicates that GIC of at least 10 times this magnitude may occur at some locations. Although the impact of changes to the transmission network on calculated transfer functions remains to be explored, it is suggested that the use of this technique may provide a useful check on estimates of GIC produced by other methods such as thin sheet modeling.
Feedbacks Between Shallow Groundwater Dynamics and Surface Topography on Runoff Generation in Flat Fields
Authors: Appels Willemijn M. , Bogaart Patrick W. , van der Zee Sjoerd E. A. T. M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn winter, saturation excess (SE) ponding is observed regularly in temperate lowland regions. Surface runoff dynamics are controlled by small topographical features that are unaccounted for in hydrological models. To better understand storage and routing effects of small‐scale topography and their interaction with shallow groundwater under SE conditions, we developed a model of reduced complexity to investigate SE runoff generation, emphasizing feedbacks between shallow groundwater dynamics and mesotopography. The dynamic specific yield affected unsaturated zone water storage, causing rapid switches between negative and positive head and a flatter groundwater mound than predicted by analytical agrohydrological models. Accordingly, saturated areas were larger and local groundwater fluxes smaller than predicted, leading to surface runoff generation. Mesotopographic features routed water over larger distances, providing a feedback mechanism that amplified changes to the shape of the groundwater mound. This in turn enhanced runoff generation, but whether it also resulted in runoff events depended on the geometry and location of the depressions. Whereas conditions favorable to runoff generation may abound during winter, these feedbacks profoundly reduce the predictability of SE runoff: statistically identical rainfall series may result in completely different runoff generation. The model results indicate that waterlogged areas in any given rainfall event are larger than those predicted by current analytical groundwater models used for drainage design. This change in the groundwater mound extent has implications for crop growth and damage assessments.
Subsurface Flow and Moisture Dynamics in Response to Swash Motions: Effects of Beach Hydraulic Conductivity and Capillarity
Authors: Geng Xiaolong , Heiss James W. , Michael Holly A. , Boufadel Michel C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA combined field and numerical study was conducted to investigate dynamics of subsurface flow and moisture response to waves in the swash zone of a sandy beach located on Cape Henlopen, DE. A density‐dependent variably saturated flow model MARUN was used to simulate subsurface flow beneath the swash zone. Values of hydraulic conductivity (K) and characteristic pore size (α, a capillary fringe property) were varied to evaluate their effects on subsurface flow and moisture dynamics in response to swash motions in beach aquifers. The site‐specific modeling results were validated against spatiotemporal measurements of moisture and pore pressure in the beach. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the hydraulic conductivity and capillary fringe thickness of the beach greatly influenced groundwater flow pathways and associated transit times in the swash zone. A higher value of K enhanced swash‐induced seawater infiltration into the beach, thereby resulting in a faster expansion of a wedge of high moisture content induced by swash cycles, and a flatter water table mound beneath the swash zone. In contrast, a thicker capillary fringe retained higher moisture content near the beach surface, and thus, significantly reduced the available pore space for infiltration of seawater. This attenuated wave effects on pore water flow in the unsaturated zone of the beach. Also, a thicker capillary fringe enhanced horizontal flow driven by the larger‐scale hydraulic gradient caused by tides.
Volumetric‐modulated arc therapy versus intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for large volume retroperitoneal sarcomas: A comparative analysis of dosimetric and treatment delivery parameters
Authors: Taggar Amandeep S. , Graham Darren , Kurien Elizabeth , Gräfe James L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo compare dosimetric and treatment delivery parameter differences between volumetric‐modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for large volume retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS).Materials and MethodsBoth VMAT and IMRT planning were performed on CT datasets of 10 patients with RPS who had been previously treated with preoperative radiotherapy. Plans were optimized to deliver ≥95% dose to the PTV and were evaluated for conformity and homogeneity. Dose to the organs at risk (OARs) (kidney, liver, spinal cord, and bowel space), unspecified tissue, and dose evaluation volumes (DEVs) at 1, 2, and 5 cm from PTV were calculated and compared. Monitor units (MUs) and treatment delivery times were recorded and compared between the two techniques. The deliverability of the large volume RPS VMAT plans was verified by portal dosimetry on a Truebeam™ linac.ResultsVMAT and IMRT plans were equivalent for PTV coverage and homogeneity (P > 0.05); however, VMAT plans had slightly better conformity index, CI (P < 0.001). Doses to the OARs were not significantly different between VMAT and IMRT plans (P > 0.05). Mean doses to the unspecified tissue as well as at 1, 2, and 5 cm DEVs were lower with VMAT compared with IMRT, P = 0.04 and P < 0.01, respectively. MUs and average beam‐on times were both significantly lower in the VMAT vs IMRT plans, P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively. All VMAT plans passed portal dosimetry delivery verification with an average gamma passing rate of 99.6 ± 0.4%.ConclusionsVMAT planning for large volume RPS improved CI, and achieved comparable OAR sparing, as compared with IMRT. As treatment delivery time was lower, the use of VMAT for RPS may translate into improved treatment delivery efficiency.
Self‐Compensation in Transparent Conducting F‐Doped SnO2
Authors: Swallow Jack E. N. , Williamson Benjamin A. D. , Whittles Thomas J. , Birkett Max , Featherstone Thomas J. , Peng Nianhua , Abbott Alex , Farnworth Mark , Cheetham Kieran J. , Warren Paul , Scanlon David O. , Dhanak Vin R. , Veal Tim D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe factors limiting the conductivity of fluorine‐doped tin dioxide (FTO) produced via atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition are investigated. Modeling of the transport properties indicates that the measured Hall effect mobilities are far below the theoretical ionized impurity scattering limit. Significant compensation of donors by acceptors is present with a compensation ratio of 0.5, indicating that for every two donors there is approximately one acceptor. Hybrid density functional theory calculations of defect and impurity formation energies indicate the most probable acceptor‐type defects. The fluorine interstitial defect has the lowest formation energy in the degenerate regime of FTO. Fluorine interstitials act as singly charged acceptors at the high Fermi levels corresponding to degenerately n‐type films. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy of the fluorine impurities is consistent with the presence of substitutional FO donors and interstitial Fi in a roughly 2:1 ratio in agreement with the compensation ratio indicated by the transport modeling. Quantitative analysis through Hall effect, X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy, and calibrated secondary ion mass spectrometry further supports the presence of compensating fluorine‐related defects.
Electrode Dependence of Tunneling Electroresistance and Switching Stability in Organic Ferroelectric P(VDF‐TrFE)‐Based Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Majumdar Sayani , Chen Binbin , Qin Qi Hang , Majumdar Himadri S. , van Dijken Sebastiaan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFerroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) are promising candidates for nonvolatile memories and memristor‐based computing circuits. Thus far, most research has focused on FTJs with a perovskite oxide ferroelectric tunnel barrier. As the need for high‐temperature epitaxial film growth challenges the technological application of such inorganic junctions, more easily processable organic ferroelectrics can serve as alternative if large tunneling electroresistance (TER) and good switching durability would persist. This study reports on the performance of FTJs with a spin‐coated ferroelectric P(VDF‐TrFE) copolymer tunnel barrier. The use of three different bottom electrodes, indium tin oxide (ITO), La0.67Sr0.33MnO3, (LSMO), and Nb‐doped SrTiO3 (STO) are compared and it is shown that the polarity and magnitude of the TER effect depend on their conductivity. The largest TER of up to 107% at room temperature is measured on FTJs with a semiconducting Nb‐doped STO electrode. This large switching effect is attributed to the formation of an extra barrier over the space charge region in the substrate. The organic FTJs exhibit good resistance retention and switching endurance up to 380 K, which is just below the ferroelectric Curie temperature of the P(VDF‐TrFE) barrier.
All‐Inorganic Bismuth‐Based Perovskite Quantum Dots with Bright Blue Photoluminescence and Excellent Stability
Authors: Leng Meiying , Yang Ying , Zeng Kai , Chen Zhengwu , Tan Zhifang , Li Shunran , Li Jinghui , Xu Bing , Li Dengbing , Hautzinger Matthew P. , Fu Yongping , Zhai Tianyou , Xu Ling , Niu Guangda , Jin Song , Tang Jiang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) possess color‐tunable and narrow‐band emissions and are very promising for lighting and display applications, but they suffer from lead toxicity and instability. Although lead‐free Bi‐based and Sn‐based perovskite QDs (CsSnX3, Cs2SnX6, and (CH3NH3)3Bi2X9) are reported, they all show low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and poor stability. Here, the synthesis of Cs3Bi2Br9 perovskite QDs with high PLQY and excellent stability is reported. Via a green and facile process using ethanol as the antisolvent, as‐synthesized Cs3Bi2Br9 QDs show a blue emission at 410 nm with a PLQY up to 19.4%. The whole series of Cs3Bi2X9 (X = Cl, Br, and I) QDs by mixing precursors can cover the photoluminescence emission range from 393 to 545 nm. Furthermore, Cs3Bi2Br9 QDs show excellent photostability and moisture stability due to the all‐inorganic nature and the surface passivation by BiOBr, which enables the one‐pot synthesis of Cs3Bi2Br9 QD/silica composite. A lead‐free perovskite white light‐emitting diode is fabricated by simply combining the composite of Cs3Bi2Br9 QD/silica with Y3Al5O12 phosphor. As a new member of lead‐free perovskite QDs, Cs3Bi2Br9 QDs open up a new route for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices due to their excellent stability and photophysical characteristics.
Phase‐Transited Lysozyme as a Universal Route to Bioactive Hydroxyapatite Crystalline Film
Authors: Ha Yuan , Yang Jie , Tao Fei , Wu Qian , Song Yunjia , Wang Haorong , Zhang Xu , Yang Peng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA key factor for successful design of bioactive complex, organic–inorganic hybrid biomaterials is the facilitation and control of adhesion at interfaces, as many current synthetic biomaterials are inert, lacking interfacial bioactivity. In this regard, the development of a simple, unified way to biofunctionalize diverse organic and inorganic materials toward biomineralization remains a critical challenge. In this report, a universal biomimetic mineralization route that can be applied to virtually any type and morphology of scaffold materials is provided to induce nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals based on phase‐transited lysozyme (PTL) coating. Surface‐anchored abundant functional groups in the PTL enrich the interface with strongly bonded calcium ions, facilitating the formation of HAp crystals in simulated body fluid with the morphology and alignment being similar to that observed in natural HAp in mineralized tissues. By the adhesion of amyloid contained in the PTL, such protein assembly could readily integrate HAp on ceramics, metals, semiconductors, and synthetic polymers irrespective of their size and morphology, with robust bonding stability and corresponding ultralow wear extent under normal bone pressure. This strategy successfully improves the in vivo osteoconductivity of Ti‐based implant, underpinning the expectation for such biomaterial in future biointerface and tissue engineering.
High‐Voltage LiNi0.45Cr0.1Mn1.45O4 Cathode with Superlong Cycle Performance for Wide Temperature Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Jiang , Nie Ping , Xu Guiyin , Jiang Jiangmin , Wu Yuting , Fu Ruirui , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSpinel LiNi0.45Cr0.1Mn1.45O4 synthesized by a scalable solution route combined by high temperature calcination is investigated as cathode for ultralong‐life lithium‐ion batteries in a wide operating temperature range. Scanning electron microscopy reveals homogeneous microsized polyhedral morphology with highly exposed {100} and {111} surfaces. The most highlighted result is that LiNi0.45Cr0.1Mn1.45O4 has extremely long cycle performance and high capacity retention at various temperatures (0, 25, 50 °C), indicating that Cr doping is a prospective approach to enable 5 V LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO)‐based cathode materials with excellent cycling performances for commercial applications. After 1000 cycles, the capacity retention of LiNi0.45Cr0.1Mn1.45O4 is 100.30% and 82.75% at 0 °C and 25 °C at 1 C rate, respectively. Notably, over 350 cycles at 50 °C, the capacity retention of LiNi0.45Cr0.1Mn1.45O4 can maintain up to 91.49% at 1 C. All the values are comparable to pristine LNMO, which can be attributed to the elimination of LiyNi1−yO impurity phase, highly exposed {100} surfaces, less Mn3+ ions, and enhancement of ion and electron conductivity by Cr doping. Furthermore, an assembled LiNi0.45Cr0.1Mn1.45O4/Li4Ti5O12 full cell delivers an initial discharge capacity of 101 mA h g−1, meanwhile the capacity retention is 82.07% after 100 cycles.