bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Best Practices in Supporting Inpatient Communication With Technology During Visitor Restrictions
Authors: Brown Stephanie , Guillergan Jamie , Beedle Eric , Gnie Andre , Wilmer Sterling , Wormack Kristy , Rosenblum Nadine 
Published: October 2024

Background
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers around the world have experimented with technologies to facilitate communication and care for patients and their care partners.

Methods
Our team reviewed the literature to examine best practices in utilizing technology to support communication between nurses, patients, and care partners while visitation is limited. We searched four major databases for recent articles on this topic, conducted a systematic screening and review of 1902 articles, and used the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals Model & Guidelines to appraise and translate the results of 23 relevant articles.

Results
Our evaluation yielded three main findings from the current literature: (1) Virtual contact by any technological means, especially video visitation, improves satisfaction, reduces anxiety, and is well-received by the target populations. (2) Structured video rounding provides effective communication among healthcare workers, patients, and offsite care partners. (3) Institutional preparation, such as a standardized checklist and dedicating staff to roles focused on facilitating communication, can help healthcare workers create environments conducive to therapeutic virtual communication.

Discussion
In situations that require healthcare facilities to limit visitation between patients and their care partners, the benefits of virtual visitation are evident. There is variance in the types of technologies used to facilitate virtual visits, but across all of them, there are consistent themes demonstrating the benefits of virtual visits and virtual rounding. Healthcare institutions can prepare for future limited-visitation scenarios by reviewing the current evidence and integrating virtual visitation into modern healthcare delivery.
Prognostic Impact of Low Muscle Mass and Inflammatory Markers in Stage III Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Turkish Oncology Group and Turkish Society of Radiation Oncology Thoracic Cancer Study Group (08-005)
Authors: Gumustepe Esra , Yavas Güler , Kirakli Esra Korkmaz , Dincbas Fazilet Öner , N Dilek , Hurmuz Pervin , Koksoy Elif Berna , Catal Tuba Kurt , Özler Talar , Yilmaz Aslan Melek Tuğçe , Akyurek Serap 
Published: October 2024

Objectives:
The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of low muscle mass, and inflammatory markers in patients with stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Furthermore, the study aimed to determine the threshold value of disease-specific low muscle mass.

Methods:
A total of 461 patients with stage III NSCLC were evaluated. Low muscle mass, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and biochemical inflammatory markers were assessed. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to analyze overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Results:
This study found a disease-specific low muscle mass threshold of LSMI <38.7 cm²/m² for women and <45.1 cm²/m² for men, with 25.2% of patients having disease-specific low muscle mass. Multivariate cox regression analysis revealed that low PNI was found to be an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for both PFS (HR=0.67; 95% CI: 0.48-0.92, P= 0.015) and OS (HR=0.67; 95% CI: 0.50-0.91, P=0.008). Other factors including ECOG PS 3 (HR=7.76; 95% CI: 1.73-34.76, P=0.007), induction CT (HR=0.66; 95% CI: 0.49-0.88, P= 0.004), and disease-specific low muscle mass (HR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.02-1.92, P= 0.038) also had independent effects on prognosis.

Conclusions:
The present study provides evidence that the presence of low muscle mass and low PNI significantly impacts the prognosis of patients with stage III NSCLC who undergo definitive CRT. Furthermore, our study is notable for being the first multicenter investigation to identify a disease-specific low muscle mass threshold.
Impact of Surgeon Specialization on Outcomes in Emergency Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bunjo Zachary , Traeger Luke , Murshed Ishraq , Bedrikovetski Sergei , Dudi-Venkata Nagendra N. , Dobbins Christopher , Sammour Tarik 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Colorectal emergencies represent a large proportion of acute general surgical workload and carry significant mortality.

OBJECTIVE:
Identify the influence of surgeon specialization on mortality and other outcomes in emergency colorectal surgery.

DATA SOURCES:
Systematic searches of Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Cochrane electronic databases were performed for studies published from January 1, 1990, to August 27, 2023.

STUDY SELECTION:
Studies investigating outcomes in emergency colorectal surgery for adults, comparing colorectal against noncolorectal surgeon specialization, were included. Exclusion criteria were: 1) publications studying primarily pediatric populations; 2) studies incorporating patients who had undergone surgery before 1990; and 3) studies only published in abstract form or non-English language.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were rates of anastomotic leak, reintervention, primary anastomosis, and laparoscopic approach.

RESULTS:
Of 7676 studies identified, 155 were selected for full-text review and 21 were included for quantitative analysis. Eleven studies showed improved 30-day (OR 0.64; 95% CI, 0.60–0.68; p < 0.0001) and in-hospital mortality (OR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49–0.89; p = 0.007) with colorectal specialization. There was a significantly higher rate of primary anastomosis (OR 2.95; 95% CI, 2.02–4.31; p < 0.0001) and use of laparoscopic surgery (OR 2.38; 95% CI, 1.42–4.00; p = 0.001) among specialized colorectal surgeons. Specialization was also associated with a significant reduction in any stoma formation (OR 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28–0.98; p = 0.04). No significant difference was observed for anastomotic leak (OR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.45–1.07; p = 0.10) or reintervention rates (OR 0.78; 95% CI, 0.55–1.10; p = 0.16).

LIMITATIONS:
Heterogeneity exists within the included patient populations and definitions of colorectal specialization observed in different countries.

CONCLUSIONS:
Emergency colorectal surgery undertaken by specialized colorectal surgeons is associated with significantly improved postoperative mortality, lower rates of stoma formation, and increased rates of primary anastomosis and minimally invasive surgery.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION:
CRD42022300541.
Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Musculoskeletal System
Authors: Ahlawat Shivani , Kumar Neil M. , Ghasemi Ali , Fayad Laura M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Although conventional 2-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) sequences have traditionally comprised the foundational imaging strategy for visualization of musculoskeletal anatomy and pathology, the emergence of isotropic volumetric 3-dimensional sequences offers to advance musculoskeletal evaluation with comparatively similar image quality and diagnostic performance, shorter acquisition times, and the added advantages of improved spatial resolution and multiplanar reformation capability. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the available 3-dimensional MR sequences and their role in the management of patients with musculoskeletal disorders, including sports imaging, rheumatologic conditions, peripheral nerve imaging, bone and soft tissue tumor imaging, and whole-body MR imaging.
Do patients comply with 12-hour lithium blood level timing? Findings from a controlled clinical trial and a real-world clinical setting
Authors: Jacobsen Søren L. , Kraft Christian L. , Nierenberg Andrew A. , Devantier Torben A. , Köhler-Forsberg Ole 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundLithium blood levels are measured routinely 12 hours after lithium dosing, but no study has evaluated the actual compliance of patients with the 12-hour levels.MethodsFirst, we used the US multicenter clinical trial “Bipolar CHOICE” (n=145 patients treated with lithium with N=287 lithium blood tests), where participants reported the time since the last lithium dose at lithium blood tests. Second, we included all lithium blood tests (3,179 individuals, 52,837 blood tests) from hospitals and private practitioners in the Central Denmark Region (CDR, approximate population 1.3 million) during 2012-2022 including time of lithium blood tests and the registered time when patients were supposed to take their lithium dose.ResultsIn Bipolar CHOICE, participants took the lithium blood test at a mean/median of 12.8/12 hours (SD=9.1, IQR=10.5-14) after the lithium dose, but the range was 0.5-120 hours and 44.9% had the blood test taken <10 or >14 hours after the lithium dose. Those with a blood test >14 hours after the lithium dose had significantly lower lithium levels (0.41 vs. 0.64). In the CDR, the mean/median time was 14.5/13.7 (SD=3.8, IQR=12.0-15.8) and 49.7% had the blood test taken <10 or >14 hours after the supposed intake of lithium. Those with >16 hours between lithium intake and the lithium blood test were more often followed by general practitioners and showed higher creatinine concentrations.ConclusionsApproximately half of lithium blood tests do not comply with guideline-based recommendations for 12-hour trough levels, emphasizing the need for solutions solving this clinical need.
Transdermal Delivery of Ultradeformable Cationic Liposomes Complexed with miR211-5p (UCL-211) Stabilizes BRAFV600E+ Melanocytic Nevi
Authors: Chhibber Tanya , Scherzer Michael T. , Prokofyeva Anastasia , Becker Carly , Zitnay Rebecca Goldstein , Smith Eric , Khurana Nitish , Skliar Mikhail , Deacon Dekker C. , VanBrocklin Matthew W. , Ghandehari Hamidreza , Judson-Torres Robert L. , Jafari Paris 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSmall non-coding RNAs (e.g. siRNA, miRNA) are involved in a variety of melanocyte-associated skin conditions and act as drivers for alterations in gene expression within melanocytes. These molecular changes can potentially affect the cellular stability of melanocytes and promote their oncogenic transformation. Thus, small RNAs can be considered as therapeutic targets for these conditions, however, their topical delivery to the melanocytes through the epidermal barrier is challenging. We synthesized and extensively evaluated ultradeformable cationic liposome (UCLs) carriers complexed with synthetic microRNAs (miR211-5p; UCL-211) for transdermal delivery to melanocytes. UCL-211 complexes were characterized for their physicochemical properties, encapsulation efficiency, and deformability, which revealed a significant advantage over conventional liposomal carriers. Increased expression of miR211-5p stabilizes melanocytic nevi and keeps them in growth-arrested state. We did a comprehensive assessment of cellular delivery, and biological activity of the miR211-5p carried by UCL-211in vitroand their permeation through the epidermis of intact skin usingex vivohuman skin tissue explants. We also demonstrated,in vivo, that topical delivery of miR211-5p by UCL-211 stabilized BRAFV600E+ nevi melanocytes in a benign nevi state.
Topical administration of novel FKBP12 ligand MP-004 improves retinal function and structure in retinitis pigmentosa models
Authors: Lara-López Araceli , Gonzalez-Imaz Klaudia , Rodríguez-Hidalgo María , Gastesi Miren Sarasola- , Escudero-Arrarás Leire , Milla-Navarro Santiago , de la Villa Pedro , Sagartzazu-Aizpurua Maialen , Miranda José Ignacio , Aizpurua Jesús María , López de Munain Adolfo , Vallejo-Illarramendi Ainara , Ruiz-Ederra Javier 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluates the therapeutic potential of MP-004, a novel FKBP12 ligand, in the treatment of inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs). MP-004 targets FKBP12/RyR interaction, which is disrupted in several neurological disorders with underlying oxidative stress.MethodsThe toxicity and efficacy of MP-004 were examinedin vitroin 661W cells. Efficacy was evaluated in phototoxic and H2O2-induced damage using impedance assays, calcium igaing andin situPLA.In vivo,MP-004 efficacy was evaluated in therd10mouse model of retinitis pigmenetosa (RP) by topical ocular instillation. Retinal function was assessed by electroretinography (ERG), visual acuity was measured using a water maze test, and retinal structure was analyzed morphometrically.ResultsMP-004 exhibited low toxicity (LD50: 1.22 mM) and effectively protected 661W cells from phototoxicity (EC50: 30.6 nM). Under oxidative stress conditions, MP-004 preserved FKBP12.6/RyR2 interaction, partially restored endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores and prevented cell death.In vivo,MP-004 significantly preserved retinal function inrd10mice, with ERG wave amplitude increases of up to 50% in scotopic and 71% in photopic conditions, corresponding to rod and cone functions, respectively. Additionally, MP-004 improved visual acuity for low spatial frequency patterns, and preserved retinal structure with a 23% increase in outer nuclear layer thickness, and preservation in the number of rods and cones and their segment length.ConclusionsMP-004 shows promise as a therapeutic agent for RP, preserving retinal structure and function, likely through modulation of FKBP12.6/RyR2 interaction. Further studies are needed to explore its pharmacokinetics and efficacy in other IRD models.
S100a4+alveolar macrophages accelerate the progression of precancerous atypical adenomatous hyperplasia by promoting the angiogenic function regulated by fatty acid metabolism
Authors: Huang Hong , Yang Ying , Zhang Qiuju , Yang Yongfeng , Xiong Zhenqi , Mao Shengqiang , Song Tingting , Wang Yilong , Liu Zhiqiang , Bu Hong , Zhang Li , Zhang Le 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLung cancer is preceded by premalignant lesions, and what factors drive this transformation and the potential regulatory mode in the context of tumor initiation remain to be elucidated. In the course of precancerous lesions, we found a phasic shift in metabolic patterns. Macrophages are a heterogeneous cell population with high plasticity in the tumor microenvironment. Single-cell interaction and metabolic analyses highlighted a cellular state, S100a4+alveolar macrophages, which exhibited distinct fatty acid metabolic activity, such as palmitic acid metabolism, at the atypical adenomatous hyperplasia stage, accompanied by an angiogenic-promoting function in a pre-neoplastic setting. These findings were reproducible in human single-cell transcriptomes and had been confirmed by histopathological staining and in vitro cell coculture assays. Taken together, the results from this study demonstrated that the S100a4+alveolar macrophage subset contributes to tumorigenesis by altering its metabolic state, suggesting that metabolic interventions targeting this cell state in the early stage of disease may delay neoplastic transformation of the lung epithelium.
Tobacco smoke exposure is a driver of altered oxidative stress response and immunity in head and neck cancer
Authors: Li Y. , Yadollahi P. , Essien F. , Putluri V. , Chandra SRA. , Kami Reddy K.R. , Kamal AHM. , Putluri N. , Abdurrahman LM. , Ruiz-Echartea E. , Ernste K. , Trivedi A. , Vazquez-Perez J. , Hudson W.H. , Decker W. , Patel R. , Osman A.A. , Kheradmand F. , Lai SY. , Myers JN. , Skinner HD. , Coarfa C. , Lee K. , Jain A. , Malovannaya A. , Frederick M.J. , Sandulache V.C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeExposomes are critical drivers of carcinogenesis. However, how they modulate tumor behavior remains unclear. Extensive clinical data link cigarette smoke as a key exposome that promotes aggressive tumors, higher rates of metastasis, reduced response to chemoradiotherapy, and suppressed anti-tumor immunity. We sought to determine whether smoke itself can modulate aggressive tumor behavior in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) through reprogramming the cellular reductive state.Experimental designUsing established human and murine HNSCC cell lines and syngeneic mouse models, we utilized conventional western blotting, steady state and flux metabolomics, RNA sequencing, quantitative proteomics and flow cytometry to analyze the impact of smoke exposure on HNSCC tumor biology.ResultsCigarette smoke persistently activated Nrf2 target genes essential for maintenance of the cellular reductive state and survival under conditions of increased oxidative stress in HNSCC regardless of HPV status. In contrast to e-cigarette vapor, conventional cigarette smoke mobilizes cellular metabolism toward oxidative stress adaptation, resulting in development of cross-resistance to cisplatin. In parallel, smoke exposure modulates both expression of PDL1 and the secretory phenotype of HNSCC cells through activation of NF-κB resulting in an altered tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in syngeneic mouse models and altered PBMC differentiation that includes downregulated expression of antigen presentation and costimulatory genes in myeloid cells.ConclusionCigarette smoke exposome is a potent activator of the Nrf2 pathway and is a likely primary trigger for the tripartite phenotype of aggressive HNSCC consisting of: 1) reduced chemotherapy sensitivity, 2) enhanced metastatic potential and 3) suppressed anti-tumor immunity.Statement of significanceThe smoke exposome drives aggressive tumor behavior, treatment resistance and suppressed immunity through coordinated metabolic reprogramming. Successfully targeting this adaptation is critical to improving survival in smokers with head and neck cancer.
Prioritization of decisions by importance and difficulty in human planning
Authors: Aboalasaad Fatmaalzahraa A , Lambertz Leonie , Mastrogiuseppe Chiara , Moreno-Bote Rubén 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn our everyday lives, we continually need to commit to courses of future action even when direct feedback is not available. The expected reward of an action depends not only on a single decision but on a sequence of interdependent choices that will happen in the future. Admittedly, most decisions we make concern sequences of actions as opposed to single-step choices. To make these decisions, we rely on our ability to plan and forecast the potential outcomes of sequential decisions. However, how humans plan under novel real-world scenarios remains poorly understood. We developed a novel task to investigate how humans evaluate options and prioritize their decisions during planning in realistic situations. In each trial, a written planning scenario (for example, “plan your birthday party”) was followed by 9 pictures divided into three categories (e.g., 3 birthday cakes, 3 party locations, and 3 decorations). Participants were asked to choose one option from each category to create the best possible plan - the one with the highest subjective value – while both their response and gaze were tracked. With each option possibly having a different subjective value according to the other selected options, the required planning process resembles the navigation of an internal decision tree, whose complexity grows exponentially with the number of choices and future outcomes considered. Our results show that participants gather information at all levels of the decision trees, as suggested by their gaze-switching behavior. In addition, based on their assessments of importance and difficulty, we find that participants generally choose first what they report to be the most important and easiest category and then the least important and most difficult one. Overall, our task provides a novel means to study planning behavior in realistic, multi-alternative situations, as participants can freely navigate through all levels of the decision tree by subjectively evaluating potential scenarios through internal sampling and imagination.
Modeling the epidemiological impact of different adult pneumococcal vaccination strategies in the United Kingdom
Authors: Oidtman Rachel J , Meleleo Giulio , Sharomi Oluwaseun , Matthews Ian R , Ntais Dionysios , Nachbar Robert , Malik Tufail M , Bakker Kevin M 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) were first introduced in the pediatric United Kingdom (UK) immunisation programme in 2006 which led to significant declines in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by targeted serotypes. Although pediatric PCVs provide some indirect protection to adults, a significant IPD burden remains in older adults. Here, we compared three adult (65+ years-old) and risk group (2-64-year-old) vaccination scenarios, namely a continuation of the status quo with PPSV23 vaccination, using the recently licensed-in-adults PCV20, or using the new adult-focused 21-valent PCV, V116.MethodsA population-level compartmental dynamic transmission model (DTM) was adapted to the UK setting. The model describedStreptococcus pneumoniaecarriage transmission dynamics and disease progression in the presence of age- and serotype-specific pneumococcal vaccines. We calibrated the DTM to age- and serotype-specific IPD data in the UK and used the model to make projections under the different adult vaccination scenarios, while keeping PCV13 immunization in children.ResultsThe calibrated model yielded reasonable parameter values and model fits that closely matched observed IPD dynamics. Among 65+ year-olds, routine use of V116 averted more cases of IPD than PCV20 or PPSV23 vaccination. There was a notable decrease in IPD incidence in the serotypes unique to V116. In the serotypes included in PCV20 but not V116, the model did not predict a resurgence of IPD.ConclusionsProjections revealed that in adults, V116 led to greater reductions in IPD in the 65+ year-old population compared with PCV20 or PPSV23.HIGHLIGHTSA dynamic transmission model was able to replicate historical pneumococcal dynamics.An adult specific PCV (V116) in the UK would avert more pneumococcal disease than other candidate adult vaccines.The dynamic model predicted no resurgence of serotypes not included in V116.