bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Flexible Composite Pipe as a Cost Effective Alternative to Carbon Steel - Design Experience
Authors: Adam Syafiah , Ghosh Sukanta 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A recent project initiative in Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP) landed a decision to change the initial basis for design of a fully Carbon Steel (CS) facility system, onto a combination of Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRA) and Flexible Composite Pipe system (FCP, also commonly known as spoolable RTP: Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipe). This is due to high expected corrosion rates and the consequent challenges that follows in design and the imminent CS system operations.
Updated production parameters from the initial design basis called for materials selection and corrosion studies reassessment. Following the industry design engineering practices and philosophy, technical evaluation of materials including FCP and comparison among potential material concepts were exercised. This is mainly between corrosion resistant materials and various CS options. The former was evaluated to be feasible with added benefits in reducing corrosion maintenance and management needs. The concept consists of utilising FCP for the production flowlines and CRAs for the piping systems.
Hardwares and barriers normally required for CS system such as Corrosion Inhibition (CI) injection skids and requirements, pig traps for cleaning and intelligent pigging, are removed from the project scope. Furthermore, with high corrosion expected, non-standard piping class needs to be developed to give thicker Corrosion Allowances (CA). These in turn results in a competitive cost saving advantage as reflected in the cost studies.
Non-metallic material selection of FCP is demonstrated, manufacturers' specifications assessed and evaluated. This paper intends to provide sets of learning points gathered during the project phase which focuses on the use of FCP for production lines.
A Quantitative Approach to the Design and Evaluation of Shale Drilling Fluids Based on Multi-Field Coupling Theory
Authors: Chen Wenyi , Chen Mian , Jin Yan , Lu Yunhu , Zhu Jinzhi , Wang Xiaoliang , Liu Ming 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
As to the strong sensitivity of shale to drilling fluids, drilling in shale gas wells is still challenging today. People have long hoped to improve the anti-sloughing ability of drilling fluids mainly by designing the proper density, sealing ability and inhibition ability. However there has not been a quantitative criterion to evaluate these parameters or to define "proper". This could lead to high cost of excessive additives, or wellbore instability due to the scarcity of additives.
In this paper, some essential parameters of drilling fluids, which are mud density, sealing ability and inhibition ability, were quantitatively developed based on rock mechanics theories and laboratory survey. The time-dependent fluid-solid-chemistry coupling model for wellbore stability was established to analyze the near-wellbore stress distribution. A dynamic core flow apparatus was used to investigate the shale-fluid interaction and fluid pressure transmission under the simulated HTHP downhole conditions. Shale mechanical parameters were studied under HTHP conditions by applying a true triaxial compression cell.
In the paper, the influences of mud sealing and inhibition ability on wellbore stability were studied. The research results show that the sealing ability and inhibition ability of drilling fluids do play an important role in enhancing wellbore stability. The volume of drilling fluids invading into shale was defined as the "sealing coefficient" to quantify the sealing ability of drilling fluids. The mechanical strength of shale exposed to the drilling fluids for some time was defined as the "inhibition coefficient" to quantify the inhibition ability of drilling fluids. The quantitative cross plot among mud density, sealing coefficient and inhibition coefficient was obtained from fluid-solid-chemistry model according to the field required stability duration and the borehole enlargement ratio. Practically, the combinations of mud additives could be applied to fit the quantitative diagram regarding the cost and convenience.
The field application results indicated that it is reliable to quantitatively design drilling fluids based on the fluid-solid-chemistry coupling theory. A new idea and way of designing drilling fluids and maintaining shale wellbore stability was introduced.
Determining Scour Depth for Offshore Structures Based on a Hydrodynamics and Optimisation Approach
Authors: Pang A. L. J. , Gullman-Strand J. , Morgan N. , Skote M. , Lim S. Y. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Local scouring is a process whereby bed materials are removed around a marine structure due to the resultant disturbance of the uniform fluid flow. When not managed properly, scouring can result in a significant reduction in the stability of a foundation and a premature failure of an offshore structure. In this work, we proposed a hybrid numerical scour model which estimates the equilibrium scour depth around a structure by utilizing hydrodynamic turbulence models to obtain key flow parameters and an optimization function to predict the equilibrium scour depth. It was demonstrated that the evolution of the normalized Shields parameter could provide a pathway to obtain the equilibrium scour depth of a system within a limited number of iterations. Hence applying an optimisation function into the simulation model, it was shown that the estimated scour depth obtained from the simulation agreed reasonably well with experimental data. The simulation done in this work was performed in ANSYS-FLUENT. This paper provides a framework of utilizing hydrodynamic and an optimization algorithm to determine an equilibrium scour depth around an offshore structure. Moving forward, additional work is proposed in applying this model to different structural configurations to evaluate the robustness and reliability of such a model.
Collaborative Well Planning as a Key to Efficient And Successful Complex Geological Sidetracks Planning And Monitoring in Overpressured Deepwater Environment: A Case Study From Malaysia's Fast-Track Deepwater Well
Authors: Pathy Kuhanesapathy AL Thavaras , Kumar Premila AP Krishna , Kaeng Geovani C. , Mansor Aznizan Bin , Sausan Sarah 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The past decade has given rise to deepwater wells in Malaysia as exploration began to outreach deepwater geological targets. Major discoveries with significant amounts of oil and gas reserves have been made. However, this environment is known for hazardous subsurface conditions that pose numerous challenges to drilling operations. Hence, accurate well planning is essential in this environment.
This paper describes the role of collaborative well planning (CWP) for the successful delivery of complex overpressured deepwater exploration side-tracks and discusses planning and well monitoring for B-3 ST1, an appraisal well offshore Sabah, Malaysia. The well was drilled to evaluate the presence of oil in a gas block discovered by the previous two (2) offset wells. These offset wells were drilled into overpressured zone with a myriad of wellbore issues, such as stuck pipes, losses, kicks, and running out of the drilling window, which finally led to early total depth (TD). Despite such issues, the well was intended to be a fast-track well, planned for less than two (2) months instead of the normal lead time of 12 to 18 months. The fast-track nature of the well requires meticulous designed well planning due to its hazardous nature and extremely condensed time frame.
The CWP model and technology employed from PETRONAS Real Time Visualization Center (PRTVC) were used for Well B-3 ST1 to meet the objectives. The model combines all stakeholders from various departments into the decision room, while the technology helps display and collaboratively analyses all available data. Geological, well design and surface and subsurface hazards were carefully considered. The result was the primary well location, and six (6) geological side-track scenarios were accomplished in just one day. It is also worth noting that this CWP concept is the first of its kind applied in Malaysia.
The CWP was used again during drilling wherein a multidisciplinary team was again gathered to monitor the well around the clock, which resulted in quick and well-informed decision making. Well B-3 was drilled with one successful cased hole sidetrack to geological target objectives without operation problems. The success has made B-3 ST1 a trendsetter in terms of efficient and safe deepwater drilling planning and operation.
A distal 140 kyr sediment record of Nile discharge and East African monsoon variability
Authors: Ehrmann Werner , Schmiedl Gerhard , Seidel Martin , Krüger Stefan , Schulz Hartmut 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Clay mineral assemblages in a sediment core from the distal Nile discharge plume off Israel have been used to reconstruct the late Quaternary Nile sediment discharge into the eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS). The record spans the last ca. 140 kyr. Smectite abundances indicate the influence of the Blue Nile and the Atbara River that have their headwaters in the volcanic rocks of the Ethiopian Highlands. Kaolinite abundances indicate the influence of wadis, which contribute periodically to the suspension load of the Nile. Due to the geographical position, the climate and the sedimentary framework of the EMS is controlled by two climate systems. The long-term climate regime was governed by the African monsoon that caused major African humid periods (AHPs) with enhanced sediment discharge at 132 to < 126 (AHP 5), 116 to 99 (AHP4), and 89 to 77 ka (AHP3). They lasted much longer than the formation of the related sapropel layers S5 (> 2 kyr), S4 (3.5 kyr), and S3 (5 kyr). During the last glacial period (Marine Isotope Stages (MISs) 4–2), the long-term changes in the monsoonal system were superimposed by millennial-scale changes in an intensified midlatitude glacial system. This climate regime caused short but pronounced drought periods in the Nile catchment, which are linked to Heinrich events and alternate with more humid interstadials. The clay mineral record further implies that feedback mechanisms between vegetation cover and sediment discharge of the Nile are detectable but of minor importance for the sedimentary record in the southeastern Mediterranean Sea during the investigated African humid periods.
Magnitude and frequency of heat and cold waves in recent decades: the case of South America
Authors: Ceccherini Guido , Russo Simone , Ameztoy Iban , Romero Claudia Patricia , Carmona-Moreno Cesar 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. In recent decades there has been an increase in magnitude and occurrence of heat waves and a decrease of cold waves, both of which may be related to the anthropogenic influence. This study describes the extreme temperature regime of heat waves and cold waves across South America over recent years (1980–2014). Temperature records come from the Global Surface Summary of the Day (GSOD), a climatological data set produced by the National Climatic Data Center that provides records of daily maximum and minimum temperatures acquired worldwide. The magnitude of heat waves and cold waves for each GSOD station are quantified on an annual basis by means of the Heat Wave Magnitude Index and the Cold Wave Magnitude Index. Results indicate an increase in intensity and in frequency of heat waves, especially in the last 10 years. Conversely, no significant changes are detected for cold waves. In addition, the trend of the annual temperature range (i.e. yearly mean of Tmax – yearly mean of Tmin) is positive – up to 1 °C per decade – over the extratropics and negative – up to 0.5 °C per decade – over the tropics.
Glacier change over the last century, Caucasus Mountains, Georgia, observed from old topographical maps, Landsat and ASTER satellite imagery
Authors: Tielidze Levan G. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Changes in the area and number of glaciers in the Georgian Caucasus Mountains were examined over the last century, by comparing recent Landsat and ASTER images (2014) with older topographical maps (1911, 1960) along with middle and high mountain meteorological stations data. Total glacier area decreased by 8.1 &amp;pm; 1.8 % (0.2 &amp;pm; 0.04 % yr−1) or by 49.9 &amp;pm; 10.6 km2 from 613.6 &amp;pm; 9.8 km2 to 563.7 &amp;pm; 11.3 km2 during 1911–1960, while the number of glaciers increased from 515 to 786. During 1960–2014, the total ice area decreased by 36.9 &amp;pm; 2.2 % (0.7 &amp;pm; 0.04 % yr−1) or by 207.9 &amp;pm; 9.8 km2 from 563.7 &amp;pm; 11.3 km2 to 355.8 &amp;pm; 8.3 km2, while glacier numbers decreased from 786 to 637. In total, the area of Georgia glaciers reduced by 42.0 &amp;pm; 2.0 % (0.4 &amp;pm; 0.02 % yr−1) between 1911 and 2014. The eastern Caucasus section had the highest retreat rate of 67.3 &amp;pm; 2.0 % (0.7 &amp;pm; 0.02 % yr−1) over this period, while the central part of Georgian Caucasus had the lowest, 34.6 &amp;pm; 1.8 % (0.3 &amp;pm; 0.01 % yr−1), with the western Caucasus intermediate at 42.8 &amp;pm; 2.7 % (0.4 ± 0.03 % yr−1).
Between Wrath and Harmony: A Biolyrical Journey Through L'Humanisphère, Joseph Déjacque's “Anarchic Utopia” (1857)
Authors: Samzun Patrick 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Joseph Déjacque (1821–1865) wrote L'Humanisphère, the first ever anarchist utopia in French, while he was exiled to New Orleans in 1857. One can read his utopia as a transatlantic log, recording in an oblique and literary fashion the main ports of call of his journey as a political exile from 1848 revolutionary France. His stays in London, Jersey, New York, and New Orleans, between 1852 and 1861, as both a revolutionary socialist and a destitute paperhanger, shaped his “anarchic utopia.” It is suffused with avenging wrath and built on the violence of insurrection; but it is set among luxurious furnishings, which adorn its gentle-mannered parlors. I will show how Fourier's harmonious world of passional attraction was reshaped across the Atlantic by a revolutionary proletarian.
Comparison of Assurance GDS® MPX ID for Top STEC with Reference Culture Methods for the Detection of E. coli Top 6 STEC; Direct Confirmation of Top 6 STEC from Isolation Plates and Determination of Equivalence of PickPen® and FSIS OctoMACS™ Concentration Protocols
Authors: Feldsine Philip , Lienau Andrew H , Shah Khyati , Immermann Amy , Soliven Khanh , Kaur Mandeep , Kerr David E , Jucker Markus , Hammack Tom , Brodsky Michael , Agin James 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Assurance GDS® MPX ID for Top Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC; MPX ID) was validated according to the AOAC INTERNATIONAL Methods Committee Guidelines for Validation of Microbiological Methods for Foods and Environmental Surfaces as (1) a secondary screening method for specific detection of the Top 6 STEC serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) in raw beef trim, raw ground beef, raw spinach, and on stainless steel; and (2) as a confirmatory method for the identification of pure culture isolates as Top 6 STEC. MPX ID is used in conjunction with the upfront BCS Assurance GDS MPX Top 7 STEC assay. This Performance Tested MethodSM validation has two main parts: Method Developer studies and the Independent Laboratory study. A total of 180 samples and controls were analyzed. Results showed that MPX ID had no statistically significant differences with the reference culture methods for the detection of Top 6 STEC in the food matrixes (raw beef trim, raw ground beef, and raw spinach) and environmental sponges (stainless steel) studied. Inclusivity/exclusivity studies were also conducted. One hundred percent inclusivity among the 50 Top 6 STEC serovars tested and 100% exclusivity for the 30 non-Top 6 STEC organisms tested were demonstrated. For validation of MPX ID as a confirmatory method for isolated colonies, all inclusivity and exclusivity organisms were streaked for isolation onto five STEC plating media: modified rainbow agar, Levine's eosin-methylene blue (L-EMB) agar, rainbow agar with novobiocin and cefixime, and enterohemolysin agar with selective agents as well as trypticase soy agar with yeast extract. These isolated colonies were suspended and analyzed by Assurance GDS MPX Top 7 STEC and MPX ID. MPX ID was able to correctly confirm all inclusivity organisms from all plate types, except two STEC isolates from L-EMB agar plates only in the Independent Laboratory study. All exclusivity organisms were correctly determined by MPX ID as non-Top 6 STEC from the STEC plating media. An additional but separate part of these studies was a comparison of immunomagnetic separation (IMS) efficiency using the Assurance GDS procedure with a PickPen® device and the U.S. Department of Agriculture procedure using the OctoMACS™ Separator device for plating onto chromogenic agar. Results demonstrated the equivalence of the two IMS procedures for plate confirmation of Top 7 STEC.
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin: Critical Reflections
Authors: Birx H. James 
Published: March 2016

Geopaleontolog a jezuitský kněz Pierre Teilhard de Chardin se směle pokusil sloučit osobního Boha a kosmickou evoluci do unikátního filozofického světonázoru, jenž uznává hodnotu vědy i teologie. Vycházeje ze svých vlastních zamyšlení a zkušeností, nabídl obsáhlou a sjednocenou interpretaci skutečnosti založenou na čtyřech základních myšlenkách: pronikající duch, zákon komplexity-vědomí, kritické hranice, a budoucí Bod Omega. Výsledkem je dynamický panenteismus, který v rámci planetární historie přikládá lidské existenci zvláštní význam a zároveň obhajuje mystickou jednotu našeho druhu s Bohem-Omega na konci lidské evoluce na Zemi.
Margaret Mead, Derek Freeman a Samoa
Authors: Soukup Martin 
Published: March 2016

Předmětem studie je analýza a interpretace kontroverze Freeman versus Mead. V českém prostředí je uvedený spor prezentován výjimečně a vždy v obecné poloze. Do sporu o výzkum Margaret Mead se dosud zapojily desítky akademiků, což svědčí o významu sporu pro antropologii. Cílem studie je přetlumočit podstatu sporu, shrnout a prezentovat hlavní argumenty a uvést spor do kontextu vývoje americkéhoantropologického myšlení.
Semiotik og retorik
Authors: Kjørup Søren 
Published: March 2016

Retorikken har i de senere år været genstand for en fornyet interesse,
ikke mindst som sprogligt redskabsfag til forbedring og effektivisering af
f.eks. politisk og kommerciel kommunikation. I denne artikel argumenterer
Søren Kjørup for, at retorikken også har en mere grundlæggende analytisk
og videnskabsteoretisk relevans. Roland Barthes forsøgte i 1960´erne at
introducere retoriske aspekter i semiotikken, men da semiotikkens erken-
delsesinteresse og epistemologi er en grundlæggende anden end retorik-
kens, lykkedes denne integration ikke. I artiklen introduceres retorikkens
samlede lærebygning, og der argumenteres for, at retorikkens videnska-
belige grundsyn er en parallel til den amerikanske pragmatiske filosofi.
Set i dette lys kan retorikken birage til udvikling af en mere konstruktiv
videnskabsfilosofi, der gør sig fri af tidligere dikotomier mellem objektivitet
og subjektivitet, absolut sandhed og den rene relativisme.
Om filmteori og filmhistorie: Stumfilmen som eksempel
Authors: Tybjerg Casper 
Published: March 2016

Tilbage til filmene og filmmagerne siger Casper Tybjerg i denne artikel.
Han plæderer dog ikke nødvendigvis for en tilbagevending til "gammel-
dags filmhistorieskrivning" og til en fokusering kun på film som æstetik
og kunst. Med udgangspunkt i konkrete overvejelser over den danske
stumfilm og gennemgang af væsentlige nyere filmhistoriske værker og
teorier polemiserer han mod det han opfatter som upræcise og meget
abstrakte kulturalistiske positioner, som enten glemmer de konkrete film
eller overbetoner det blot formelle i filmhistorien. Samtidig tegner han også
et levende billede af den kultur og de betingelser den tidlige film blev til i.
Kieslowskis Trikoloretrilogi
Authors: Svendsen Erik 
Published: March 2016

Krzysztof Kieslowskis er i Vesteuropa blevet rosende modtaget af
såvel kritikerstanden som af et bredt feinschmeckerpublikum. I den-
ne artikel foretager Erik Svendsen en grundig analyse af den polske
instruktørs seneste - og måske sidste? - film, trilogien "Blå", "Hvid"
og "Rød". "Trikoloretrilogien" giver et signalement af den vestlige
modernitet, hvis grundværdier er formuleret i den franske revolutions
slogan om frihed, lighed og broderskab, men artiklen påviser, at det i
lige så høj grad er de bibelske ønsker om tro, håb og kærlighed, der
undersøges i filmene.
I folkets tjeneste - Om prætest og TV-seere som målgruppe
Authors: Davidsen-Nielsen Mette 
Published: March 2016

Målgruppetænkning er i disse år ved at finde vej til Europas public ser-
vice institutioner, der hermed begiver sig ind på et gebet, som de mere
kampagneorienterede dele af kommunikationskampagnen længe har
betrådt. Med det naturvidenskabelige faktaprogram JANUS som case
beskriver Mette Davidsen-Nielsen de muligheder og problemer, som
kvalitative prætest giver de programproducerende dele af en public ser-
vice institution i multikanalsamfundet, som supplement til de informationer,
man løbende får gennem seertalsmålinger. Ved rekruttering af respon-
denter til fokusgruppeinterviews om dette program har DR´s Medieforsk-
ning i stedet for demografiske kriterier benyttet livsværdisegmenterings-
metoden RISC, som præsenteres og diskuteres i Henrik Dahls artikel i
dette nummer. Mette Davidsen-Nielsens artikel kan derfor ses som et
bud på, hvordan denne metode kan bruges ikke blot inden for markeds-
føring, men også inden for anvendelsesorienteret medieforskning.
Etik og kommunikation
Authors: Geist Uwe 
Published: March 2016

"Det er ikke helt tilfældigt, at etik og PR ekspanderer voldsomt i
80´ernes Europa, og PR nærmer sig etikken. Begge dele er affødt
af dybtgående forandringer i livsbetingelserne, som er beskrevet
mange steder. Forurening, globalisering, polarisering mellem rig og
fattig, genmanipulation og informationseksplosion er de gennemgå-
ende motiver og et truende kaos det gennemgående tema". Det er
på den baggrund, at Uwe Geist, der er ansat på Roskilde Universitets-
centers Dansk/PR-uddannelse, i artiklen prøver at komme bag om et
modeord, som i de senere år har hærget både samfundet i almindelig-
hed og PR-branchen i særdeleshed. I artiklen sætter han først begre-
bet "etik" op imod beslægtede begreber som "moral", "høflighed" og
"ret". Dernæst diskuterer han etikkens nødvendighed, på den ene side
inden for Habermas´ teori om kommunikativ handlen og diskurs, livs-
verden og systemverden, hvor etik ikke handler om faste normer for
godt og ondt, men om gensidigheden som grundnorm; på den anden
side inden for Luhmanns systemteori, hvor gensidighed ganske vist er
funktions- og effektivitetsorienteret, men ikke kan undvære mekanis-
men og ressourcen "tillid". Fordi artiklen omhyggeligt forklarer de cen-
trale begreber, den diskuterer, kan den både fungere begrebsintrodu-
cerende for læsere uden omfattende forudsætninger på feltet, og be-
grebsafklarende for mere indviede læsere.