bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Risk for Reading Difficulties in Children With Language Impairment
Authors: Murphy Kimberly A. , Justice Laura M. , O'Connell Ann A. , Pentimonti Jill M. , Kaderavek Joan N. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to retrospectively examine the preschool language and early literacy skills of kindergarten good and poor readers, and to determine the extent to which these skills predict reading status.

Method
Participants were 136 children with language impairment enrolled in early childhood special education classrooms. On the basis of performance on a word recognition task given in kindergarten, children were classified as either good or poor readers. Comparisons were made across these 2 groups on a number of language and early literacy measures administered in preschool, and logistic regression was used to determine the best predictors of kindergarten reading status.

Results
Twenty-seven percent of the sample met criterion for poor reading in kindergarten. These children differed from good readers on most of the skills measured in preschool. The best predictors of kindergarten reading status were oral language, alphabet knowledge, and print concept knowledge. Presence of comorbid disabilities was not a significant predictor. Classification accuracy was good overall.

Conclusion
Results suggest that risk of reading difficulty for children with language impairment can be reliably estimated in preschool, prior to the onset of formal reading instruction. Measures of both language and early literacy skills are important for identifying which children are likely to develop later reading difficulties.
Writing Process Products in Intermediate-Grade Children With and Without Language-Based Learning Disabilities
Authors: Koutsoftas Anthony D. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
Difficulties with written expression are an important consideration in the assessment and treatment of school-age children. This study evaluated how intermediate-grade children with and without written language difficulties fared on a writing task housed within the Hayes and Berninger (2014) writing process framework.

Method
Sixty-four children completed a writing task whereby they planned, wrote, and revised a narrative story across 3 days. Children had extended time to produce an outline, first draft, and final copy of their story. Language transcription approaches were used to obtain measures reflecting writing productivity, complexity, accuracy, and mechanics, in addition to measures of planning and revision.

Results
Results indicated that children with writing difficulties produced poorer quality stories compared with their peers yet were not significantly different across all measures. Children with typical development produced longer stories with better spelling accuracy. Writing process measures predicted significant amounts of variance in writing quality across the sample.

Discussion
Writing should be considered as part of language assessment and intervention, whether as the sole language difficulty or alongside difficulties with speaking, listening, or reading in children with language-based learning difficulties. Implications for translation of research to practice and service delivery are provided.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963940
Literate Language Intervention With High-Need Prekindergarten Children: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Phillips Beth M. , Tabulda Galiya , Ingrole Smriti A. , Burris Pam Webb , Sedgwick T. Kayla , Chen Shiyi 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe present article reports on the implementation and results of a randomized intervention trial targeting the literate language skills of prekindergarten children without identified language disorders but with low oral language skills.MethodChildren (N= 82; 45 boys and 37 girls) were screened-in and randomized to a business-as-usual control or to the pull-out treatment groups in which they received 4 instructional units addressing different sentence-level syntactic and semantic features: prepositions, conjunctions, adverbs, and negations. The intervention was delivered by paraprofessionals in small groups in the form of 20-min lessons 4 times a week for 12 weeks.ResultsOverall, children receiving the supplemental instruction showed educationally meaningful gains in their oral language skills, relative to children in the control group. Significant group differences were found on researcher-designed oral language measures, with moderate to large effect sizes ranging from .44 to .88 on these measures.ConclusionsThe intervention holds the potential to positively affect understanding and production of syntax and semantic features, such as prepositions and conjunctions, in young children with weak oral language skills.
Propositional Density in Spoken and Written Language of Czech-Speaking Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Smolík Filip , Stepankova Hana , Vyhnálek Martin , Nikolai Tomáš , Horáková Karolína , Matějka Štěpán 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
Propositional density (PD) is a measure of content richness in language production that declines in normal aging and more profoundly in dementia. The present study aimed to develop a PD scoring system for Czech and use it to compare PD in language productions of older people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and control participants matched on age, gender, and education.

Method

Groups of patients with aMCI and cognitively healthy control participants (
N
= 20 each) provided short spoken and written language samples. Two samples were elicited for each modality, 1 describing recent events and 1 describing childhood memories. Series of neuropsychological tests were administered. The groups were compared using
t
-tests and the relations between measures using correlation coefficients.

Results
PD was lower in spoken productions of patients with aMCI, compared with control participants, but only in language samples using remote memories. PD in these samples was related to verbal fluency and education but not to working memory. PD in written samples did not differ between participants with aMCI and control participants.

Conclusions
PD in spoken language reflects the cognitive decline in people with aMCI, but the effect is relatively mild. The results support the existing findings that PD is related to verbal fluency.
The Role of Categorical Speech Perception and Phonological Processing in Familial Risk Children With and Without Dyslexia
Authors: Hakvoort Britt , de Bree Elise , van der Leij Aryan , Maassen Ben , van Setten Ellie , Maurits Natasha , van Zuijen Titia L. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This study assessed whether a categorical speech perception (CP) deficit is associated with dyslexia or familial risk for dyslexia, by exploring a possible cascading relation from speech perception to phonology to reading and by identifying whether speech perception distinguishes familial risk (FR) children with dyslexia (FRD) from those without dyslexia (FRND).

Method

Data were collected from 9-year-old FRD (
n
= 37) and FRND (
n
= 41) children and age-matched controls (
n
= 49) on CP identification and discrimination and on the phonological processing measures rapid automatized naming, phoneme awareness, and nonword repetition.

Results
The FRD group performed more poorly on CP than the FRND and control groups. Findings on phonological processing align with the literature in that (a) phonological processing related to reading and (b) the FRD group showed the lowest phonological processing outcomes. Furthermore, CP correlated weakly with reading, but this relationship was fully mediated by rapid automatized naming.

Conclusion
Although CP phonological skills are related to dyslexia, there was no strong evidence for a cascade from CP to phonology to reading. Deficits in CP at the behavioral level are not directly associated with dyslexia.
Coding diffusion metasurface for ultra‐wideband RCS reduction
Authors: Zhang Hui , Lu Yao , Su Jianxun , Li Zengrui , Liu Jinbo , Yang Yaoqing (Lamar) 
Published: December 2016

A coding diffusion metasurface is designed and fabricated for ultra‐wideband radar cross‐section (RCS) reduction. Two kinds of unit cells based on square ring patch are employed to generate the ‘0’ and ‘1’ elements of the coding metasurface. By precise design of the unit cells, a 180° ± 37° reflection phase difference between these cells is achieved over 8.01–22.76 GHz, leading to dramatically reduce the scattering field level by more than 10 dB. To obtain the diffusion far‐field pattern of the metasurface, the optimisation algorithm is utilised to calculate the optimal layout of the digital elements. Both full‐wave simulation and measurement results verify the capability of the proposed metasurface.
Segmentation of the left ventricle in short‐axis sequences by combining deformation flow and optical flow
Authors: Wang Zhen Zhou 
Published: December 2016

To help the clinicians to segment the borders of the left ventricle (LV) efficiently during measurement of the heart, the authors come up with a semi‐automatic approach in this study that is capable of identifying the endocardial borders robustly from cine magnetic resonance images. Firstly, the deformation flow is computed between the inputted boundary in the previous frame and the extracted edge of the LV in the current frame based on boundary minimum distance principle (BMDP). Then, the deformation flow is constrained by optical flow calculated by a partial differential equation model. A smooth deformation boundary is then formed by minimising the energy between the previously inputted boundary and the rough boundary obtained by BMDP and optical flow constraint. To extract edge of the LV as accurate as possible, a threshold selection method is used and improved based on the previous study. The proposed approach is tested on the open access dataset. The computed average perpendicular distance is 1.36 ± 0.24 mm and the computed Dice measure is 90.7% ± 0.15%. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is significantly more accurate than the referenced state of art methods.
Performance estimation of polarity controlled electrostatically doped tunnel field‐effect transistor
Authors: Nigam Kaushal , Pandey Sunil , Kondekar Pravin , Sharma Dheeraj , Verma Madhulika , Gedam Anju 
Published: December 2016

In this work, the performance estimation of polarity controlled electrostatically doped tunnel field‐effect transistor (TFET) is reported. The proposed device exhibits heavily doped n‐type Si‐channel with two distinctive gates, namely control gate (CG) and polarity gate (PG). First, the CG and PG work functions of 4.72 eV are considered to convert the layer beneath CG and PG of intrinsic type. Next, the PG voltage of −1.2 V is used at source side to induce a p + region, so that, it follows the similar trend as like a n+ –i –p+ gated structure of conventional TFET. Silvaco ATLAS simulation of the proposed device shows ION/IOFF ratio of ∼7.8 × 1010 and OFF current is less than 1 fA, with high‐k dielectric of gate material at VDS = 0.5, V. Finally, a minimum point subthreshold slope of 12 mV/decade at 300 K is achieved, which indicates that the proposed TFET has the potential to achieve better than ITRS low‐standby‐power switch performance.
The background Friedmannian Hubble constant in relativistic inhomogeneous cosmology and the age of the Universe
Authors: Roukema Boudewijn F. , Mourier Pierre , Buchert Thomas , Ostrowski Jan J. 
Published: December 2016

Context. In relativistic inhomogeneous cosmology, structure formation couples to average cosmological expansion. A conservative approach to modelling this assumes an Einstein-de Sitter model (EdS) at early times and extrapolates this forward in cosmological time as a “background model” against which average properties of today’s Universe can be measured.
Aims. This modelling requires adopting an early-epoch-normalised background Hubble constant Hbg1.
Methods. Here, we show that the ΛCDM model can be used as an observational proxy to estimate Hbg1 rather than choose it arbitrarily. We assume (i) an EdS model at early times; (ii) a zero dark energy parameter; (iii) bi-domain scalar averaging-division of the spatial sections into over- and underdense regions; and (iv) virialisation (stable clustering) of collapsed regions.
Results. We find Hbg1= 37.7 ± 0.4 km s-1/ Mpc (random error only) based on a Planck ΛCDM observational proxy.
Conclusions. Moreover, since the scalar-averaged expansion rate is expected to exceed the (extrapolated) background expansion rate, the expected age of the Universe should be much younger than 2/(3Hbg1) = 17.3 Gyr. The maximum stellar age of Galactic bulge microlensed low-mass stars (most likely: 14.7 Gyr; 68% confidence: 14.0–15.0 Gyr) suggests an age of about a Gyr older than the (no-backreaction) ΛCDM estimate.
Russia and Carl Schmitt: the hybridity of resistance in the globalised world
Authors: Kurylo Bohdana 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe rise of state dissidence has challenged the hegemony of Western liberalism on the international relations stage. Russia’s ongoing involvement in the Ukraine crisis is a case in point. Russia’s dissidence threatens not only the already fragile European order, but also the potency of liberalism as a system of international norms. Hence, a great deal of attention has been given to trying to determine the possible failures and solutions of global governance in dealing with Russia. In contrast, this article argues for the need to understand state resistance from the perspective of the dissenting state. By drawing upon Carl Schmitt’s influential critique of globalizing liberalism, the article attempts to analyse what Russia’s resistance reveals about the subtle mechanisms of global liberal governance. On the basis of Schmitt’s theory, the article establishes that Russia’s dissidence can be an attempt to preserve state sovereignty and its unique “way of life”, as well as state pluralism on the global arena. In fact, to eradicate conflict, liberal governance attempts to suppress state pluralism as a potential cause of conflict. In the long run, however, this risks provoking radical resistance in response. The article then analyses the “hybrid” strategy of Russia’s resistance employed in the Ukraine crisis, based on which it identifies the major weaknesses of liberal governance. The article concludes that the inadequacy of international law to deal with unconventional forms of warfare and refusal to acknowledge the possibility of animosity can significantly debilitate liberal governance. This article is published as part of a collection on global governance.
Childhood poverty and adult psychological well-being
Authors: Evans Gary W. 
Published: December 2016

SignificanceChildhood poverty in a prospective, longitudinal design is linked to deficits in adult memory; greater psychological distress, including a behavioral marker of helplessness; and elevated levels of chronic physiological stress. These findings extend prior cross-sectional data during childhood and are largely parallel to existing life course work on physical health sequelae of childhood poverty.
Neuroadaptive technology enables implicit cursor control based on medial prefrontal cortex activity
Authors: Zander Thorsten O. , Krol Laurens R. , Birbaumer Niels P. , Gramann Klaus 
Published: December 2016

Significance
The human brain continuously and automatically processes information concerning its internal and external context. We demonstrate the elicitation and subsequent detection and decoding of such “automatic interpretations” by means of context-sensitive probes in an ongoing human–computer interaction. Through a sequence of such probe–interpretation cycles, the computer accumulates responses over time to model the operator’s cognition, even without that person being aware of it. This brings human cognition directly into the human–computer interaction loop, expanding traditional notions of “interaction.” The concept introduces neuroadaptive technology—technology which automatically adapts to an estimate of its operator’s mindset. This technology bears relevance to autoadaptive experimental designs, and opens up paradigm-shifting possibilities for human–machine systems in general.
Episode of intense chemical weathering during the termination of the 635 Ma Marinoan glaciation
Authors: Huang Kang-Jun , Teng Fang-Zhen , Shen Bing , Xiao Shuhai , Lang Xianguo , Ma Hao-Ran , Fu Yong , Peng Yongbo 
Published: December 2016

Significance
At least two extreme glaciations (dubbed as snowball Earth events), each lasting millions of years and affecting the entire globe, occurred during the Cryogenian Period (∼720–635 Ma). These glaciations are recorded by globally distributed glacial deposits overlain by cap carbonates. According to the snowball Earth hypothesis, cap carbonate deposition was driven by intense continental weathering during deglaciation, but geochemical evidence is lacking. Using Mg isotopes as a proxy, we reconstruct the history of chemical weathering during and following the terminal Cryogenian Marinoan glaciation in South China. Our data confirm an episode of strong chemical weathering during the termination of the 635-Ma Marinoan glaciation, but its climax occurred before cap carbonate deposition.
Molecular profiling of single circulating tumor cells from lung cancer patients
Authors: Park Seung-min , Wong Dawson J. , Ooi Chin Chun , Kurtz David M. , Vermesh Ophir , Aalipour Amin , Suh Susie , Pian Kelsey L. , Chabon Jacob J. , Lee Sang Hun , Jamali Mehran , Say Carmen , Carter Justin N. , Lee Luke P. , Kuschner Ware G. , Schwartz Erich J. , Shrager Joseph B. , Neal Joel W. , Wakelee Heather A. , Diehn Maximilian , Nair Viswam S. , Wang Shan X. , Gambhir Sanjiv S. 
Published: December 2016

Significance
There exists an urgent need for minimally invasive molecular analysis tools for cancer assessment and management, particularly in advanced-stage lung cancer, when tissue procurement is challenging and gene mutation profiling is crucial to identify molecularly targeted agents for treatment. High-throughput compartmentalization and multigene profiling of individual circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from whole-blood samples using modular gene panels may facilitate highly sensitive, yet minimally invasive characterization of lung cancer for therapy prediction and monitoring. We envision this nanoplatform as a compelling research tool to investigate the dynamics of cancer disease processes, as well as a viable clinical platform for minimally invasive yet comprehensive cancer assessment.
Clarifying intact 3D tissues on a microfluidic chip for high-throughput structural analysis
Authors: Chen Yih Yang , Silva Pamuditha N. , Syed Abdullah Muhammad , Sindhwani Shrey , Rocheleau Jonathan V. , Chan Warren C. W. 
Published: December 2016

Significance
Structural analysis of microscale three-dimensional tissues (3D microtissues) in high-throughput is becoming increasingly important in drug discovery, regenerative medicine, and other biomedical areas because they recapitulate many in vivo biological features not present in 2D models. This can be done by using microfluidic technology to control and apply external forces to on-chip 3D microtissues, and imaging these organ-on-chip systems with confocal microscopy. However, the high cellular density of 3D microtissues scatters light and fundamentally limits the ability to characterize the entire tissue construct. We developed an on-chip strategy to rapidly clarify, image, and analyze whole intact microtissues without compromising internal structures. Our technique removes the imaging depth limit, allowing accurate analysis and characterization of entire tissues in microfluidic chips.
Mimicking transient activation of protein kinases in living cells
Authors: Klomp Jennifer E. , Huyot Vincent , Ray Anne-Marie , Collins Kerrie B. , Malik Asrar B. , Karginov Andrei V. 
Published: December 2016

Significance
Nearly all eukaryotic physiological events are regulated by protein kinases. Aberrations in functions of kinases are linked to numerous diseases. Significant progress has been made in dissecting the role of many kinases. However, understanding how specific kinases orchestrate complex signaling events remains challenging. Here we present a method to control the timing and the duration of kinase activity. This system provides the ability to mimic physiologically relevant transient activation of a kinase. We demonstrate the specificity and efficiency of this method by regulating tyrosine kinase (c-Src) and serine/threonine kinase (p38α). By using this approach, we identify morphological changes induced by transient activation of Src and demonstrate the role of sequential Src-PI3K and Src-Rac1 signaling in regulation of cell morphology.
No growth stimulation of Canada’s boreal forest under half-century of combined warming and CO
2
fertilization
Authors: Girardin Martin P. , Bouriaud Olivier , Hogg Edward H. , Kurz Werner , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Metsaranta Juha M. , de Jong Rogier , Frank David C. , Esper Jan , Büntgen Ulf , Guo Xiao Jing , Bhatti Jagtar 
Published: December 2016

Significance
Limited knowledge about the mechanistic drivers of forest growth and responses to environmental changes creates uncertainties about the future role of circumpolar boreal forests in the global carbon cycle. Here, we use newly acquired tree-ring data from Canada’s National Forest Inventory to determine the growth response of the boreal forest to environmental changes. We find no consistent boreal-wide growth response over the past 60 y across Canada. However, some southwestern and southeastern forests experienced a growth enhancement, and some regions such as the northwestern and maritime areas experienced a growth depression. Growth–climate relationships bring evidence of an intensification of the impacts of hydroclimatic variability on growth late in the 20th century, in parallel with the rapid rise of summer temperature.
CRISPR screen identifies the NCOR/HDAC3 complex as a major suppressor of differentiation in rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Phelps Michael P. , Bailey Jenna N. , Vleeshouwer-Neumann Terra , Chen Eleanor Y. 
Published: December 2016

Significance
Current histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have shown mixed results in the treatment of many cancer types. Our study has demonstrated significant antitumor phenotypes resulting from targeted disruption of HDAC3 and the NCOR complex with genome engineering technology. Our findings provide compelling evidence that the HDACs and their essential interacting factors remain key cancer therapeutic targets and that the next generation of selective HDAC inhibitors may improve survival of cancer patients.
Can sub-Saharan Africa feed itself?
Authors: van Ittersum Martin K. , van Bussel Lenny G. J. , Wolf Joost , Grassini Patricio , van Wart Justin , Guilpart Nicolas , Claessens Lieven , de Groot Hugo , Wiebe Keith , Mason-D’Croz Daniel , Yang Haishun , Boogaard Hendrik , van Oort Pepijn A. J. , van Loon Marloes P. , Saito Kazuki , Adimo Ochieng , Adjei-Nsiah Samuel , Agali Alhassane , Bala Abdullahi , Chikowo Regis , Kaizzi Kayuki , Kouressy Mamoutou , Makoi Joachim H. J. R. , Ouattara Korodjouma , Tesfaye Kindie , Cassman Kenneth G. 
Published: December 2016

Significance
The question whether sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) can be self-sufficient in cereals by 2050 is of global relevance. Currently, SSA is amongst the (sub)continents with the largest gap between cereal consumption and production, whereas its projected tripling demand between 2010 and 2050 is much greater than in other continents. We show that nearly complete closure of the gap between current farm yields and yield potential is needed to maintain the current level of cereal self-sufficiency (approximately 80%) by 2050. For all countries, such yield gap closure requires a large, abrupt acceleration in rate of yield increase. If this acceleration is not achieved, massive cropland expansion with attendant biodiversity loss and greenhouse gas emissions or vast import dependency are to be expected.