bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suitability of multiple Mediterranean oak species as a food resource forReticulitermes grasseiClément (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Cárdenas A.M. , Gallardo P. , Toledo D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe subterranean termiteReticulitermes grasseiClément causes lesions in the trunk ofQuercus suberL. by constructing feeding galleries, but no information is available regarding otherQuercusspecies from the Mediterranean region. This work aimed to study the suitability of the other main oak species of Mediterranean forests as a food resource forR. grassei. Two experiments, choice and non-choice feeding, were conducted lasting for 15, 30, and 45 days each. In the non-choice experiment, termites were offered one of the following food types:Quercus suber,Quercus ilexL.,Quercus fagineaLam, cork orPinus pineaL., which was considered the control. The choice feeding experiment used all the same food types listed above, supplied simultaneously in the same container. Food selection was examined by analysing the relationships over time between surviving termites and food consumption. The results indicated thatR. grasseicould be considered a generalist species, as it consumed the cork and wood of all oak species, as well as displaying a clear preference for soft wood (pine). Correlation analysis indicated that consumption was not dependent on wood density. Survival ofR. grasseiwas influenced by the time of exposure to different oak species, but a high survival rate was maintained over time in the pine treatment (upper 70% in the three experiments). Given these results, it can be concluded that all the oak species are a suitable food source forR. grassei.
Enabling Ivan Karamazov: responding to Mark Murphy's God's Own Ethics: Norms of Divine Agency and the Argument from Evil
Authors: IRWIN KRISTEN 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGod's Own Ethics introduces a number of philosophical subfields into conversation with philosophy of religion and metaethics in an attempt to discern the ethics of God. While its conception of the divine being is itself controversial, I here take issue with the claim that the divine being described in God's Own Ethics would be one worthy of worship and allegiance. Specifically, I argue that a God lacking in moral perfection of the sort familiar to humans is either unrecognizable as God, or is open to the ‘Ivan Karamazov’ objection that such a God deserves neither worship nor allegiance.
Précis of God's Own Ethics
Authors: MURPHY MARK C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn God's Own Ethics: Norms of Divine Agency and the Argument from Evil, I consider what norms of action we should take to regulate God's agency. I also consider what inferences we should draw about the success of the argument from evil when we consider how an all-powerful, all-knowing agent would be motivated, given the ascription of those norms of action to God. This article is a précis of the main arguments of that book.
Public discourses on multilingualism in the UK: Triangulating a corpus study with a sociolinguistic attitude survey
Authors: Jaworska Sylvia , Themistocleous Christiana 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article investigates public discourses of multilingualism in Britain. In contrast to previous research focusing on specific languages or varieties of language, we examine multilingualism as a metalinguistic construct and are interested in what is frequently said about multilingualism, and how it is said. More specifically, we explore the extent to which media discourses are consonant or diverge from the attitudes of lay people. Media discourses are investigated using a corpus-assisted discourse-study approach to the analysis of large-press corpora. Results from the corpus study are then incorporated in an attitude survey distributed to 200 participants living in a large superdiverse town in Britain. Our study shows that while positive media discourses are mostly shared by the general public, some of the negative themes, especially those relating to immigration, are either reinforced or challenged. The article demonstrates the usefulness of triangulating corpus-linguistic methods with a survey to provide a more comprehensive understanding of public discourses about language matters, and offers some implications for promoting multilingualism in society. (Multilingualism, metalanguage, corpus-assisted discourse study (CADS), attitude survey, triangulation)
Hepatitis E virus (HEV): seroprevalence and HEV RNA detection in subjects attending a sexually transmitted infection clinic in Brussels, Belgium
Authors: DAUBY N. , SUIN V. , JACQUES M. , ABADY M. , VAN DEN WIJNGAERT S. , DELFORGE M. , DE WIT S. , LIBOIS A. 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYMen who have sex with men (MSM) have an increased incidence of pathogens transmitted by the oro-fecal route. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging cause of acute hepatitis and fecal shedding is observed during primary infection. We investigated whether MSM are at increased risk of HEV infection. Subjects who attended a sexually transmitted infection clinic in Brussels and had an HIV test performed between 1 June 2014 and 15 January 2016 were identified. A total of 576 samples were retrospectively screened for both total HEV IgG and HEV RNA. Samples positive for IgG were tested for IgM. MSM proportion was 31·1% (179/576). Overall HEV IgG prevalence was 9·03% (52/576) and was identical in MSM and heterosexual subjects. Among the IgG positive samples, 2/52 (3·84%) samples (both women) were positive for anti-HEV IgM. No sample was positive for HEV RNA. Age over 35 was the only risk factor significantly associated with HEV seropositivity (OR 2·07; 95% CI 1·16–3·67). In conclusion, MSM were not found to have an increased prevalence of HEV as previously reported in other European countries suggesting distinct dynamics of HEV infection in this group across Europe and increased age was associated with a higher risk of seropositivity.
Population productivity and late breeding habitat selection by the threatened Little Bustard: the importance of grassland management
Authors: FARIA NUNO , MORALES MANUEL B. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryWe investigated population productivity and habitat selection of the Little BustardTetrax tetraxin the late breeding period, in grassland-dominated landscapes of south-west Iberia. Specifically, our goals were to investigate how these parameters are influenced by the management of (1) grazing and (2) hay production. We conducted bird counts from 22 June to 4 July (2012 to 2016) using low speed 4x4 car surveys. The relationship between the density of the species, population productivity and farm management (grazing and haying) was evaluated using Generalized Linear Mixed Models and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Male and female densities were significantly higher in short vegetation compared to all other types of vegetation considered, but population productivity was similar in short and medium vegetation. Hay stubbles were found to be unattractive for the species. The availability of suitable habitats depends on the timing of grazing, notably of seasonal (spring) grazing. Species density was higher in fields ungrazed during winter and with moderate to high stocking rates in spring (around 0.8 LU/ha or higher), depending, at least for males and females, on each year’s weather characteristics. We conclude that low to moderate stocking rates during winter and spring are essential to ensure successful breeding and thus population persistence. Current levels of haying in our study area are detrimental for the species’ conservation.
Fruit and vegetable intake among participants in a District of Columbia farmers’ market incentive programme
Authors: Pellegrino Sara , Bost Anna , McGonigle Meghan , Rosen Lillie , Peterson-Kosecki Amelia , Colon-Ramos Uriyoan , Robien Kim 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Objective
Limited research is available on whether participation in healthy food incentive programmes is associated with higher fruit and vegetable intake. The objective of the present study was to determine fruit and vegetable intake among participants in the Produce Plus Program, a farmers’ market-based healthy food incentive programme in Washington, DC, and identify demographic and behavioural factors associated with higher fruit and vegetable intake.

Design
Using a cross-sectional survey, programme participants were interviewed at markets across DC between June and September 2015. Questions included the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) fruit and vegetable module. Fruit and vegetable intake among 2013 DC BRFSS participants reporting annual household incomes of ≤$US 35 000 was calculated for context.

Setting
Washington, DC, USA.

Subjects
Participants (n 288) in the Produce Plus Program.

Results
On average, participants reported consuming both fruits (interquartile range: 1·0–3·0) and vegetables (interquartile range: 1·3–3·5) two times/d. Participants who reported eating home-cooked meals ≥3 times/week also reported higher median fruit (2·0 v. 0·8) and vegetable (2·3 v. 1·3) intake compared with those eating home-cooked meals less frequently. No statistically significant differences in reported median fruit or vegetable intake were observed over the course of the farmers’ market (June v. August/September) season.

Conclusions
Produce Plus Program participants reported higher median fruit and vegetable intake compared with DC BRFSS respondents with similar incomes, but still below recommended levels. More frequent home-cooked meals were associated with higher fruit and vegetable intake. Thus, efforts to increase home cooking may represent an opportunity to increase fruit and vegetable intake among healthy food incentive participants.
Rapid colonization of artificial endolithic uninhabited habitats
Authors: Cockell Charles S. , Hecht Luke , Landenmark Hanna , Payler Samuel J. , Snape Matthew 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTo test the rate at which a lifeless but habitable environment (uninhabited habitat) can be colonized, artificial endolithic habitats were constructed in the laboratory and exposed to the natural environment. They were composed of sterile stacked sintered glass discs (stacks) containing CHNOPS elements, liquid water, energy and a carbon source, making them habitable for aerobic respiring organisms and phototrophs. One set of stacks was exposed fully to atmospheric conditions and one set was covered from direct overhead atmospheric input and precipitation. The process of colonization was heterogeneous across the stacks. After 3 months, all uninhabited habitats were colonized at all depths in both fully exposed and covered stacks. However, uninhabited habitable conditions persisted in covered stacks after 1 month, demonstrating the importance of the hydrological cycle in the connection between inhabited habitats and uninhabited habitats. Low porosity rocks were found to retard the extent of colonization compared with higher porosity rocks. Examination of genomic DNA demonstrated that the habitats were colonized by a community dominated byProteobacteria. Covered stacks had a higher abundance of fungal sequences among eukaryotic colonizers. These data demonstrate the tight coupling between the appearance of habitable conditions and life and the reasons for the rarity of uninhabited habitats on the present-day Earth. On other planetary bodies, such as Mars, with more inclement atmospheres and less vigorous hydrological cycles or a lack of life, uninhabited habitats could persist for longer with consequences for the interpretation of data sent back by planetary science missions.
Lower cognitive control network connectivity in stroke participants with depressive features
Authors: Egorova Natalia , Cumming Toby , Shirbin Chris , Veldsman Michele , Werden Emilio , Brodtmann Amy 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAround one-third of people develop depression following ischaemic stroke, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Post-stroke depression has been linked to frontal infarcts, mainly lesions in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). But depression is a network disorder that cannot be fully characterised through lesion-symptom mapping. Researchers of depression in non-stroke populations have successfully tapped into the cognitive control network (CCN) using the bilateral DLPFC as a seed, and found that CCN resting-state connectivity is reduced in even mildly depressed subjects, compared to healthy controls. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association between post-stroke depressive features and the CCN resting-state connectivity in a stroke population. We analysed DLPFC resting-state connectivity in 64 stroke participants, 20 of whom showed depressive features assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) at 3 months after stroke. We directly compared groups showing symptoms of depression with those who did not, and performed a regression with PHQ-9 scores in all participants, controlling for age, gender, lesion volume and stroke severity. Post-stroke depression was associated with lower connectivity between the left DLPFC and the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) in both group and regression analyses. Neither the seed nor the results overlapped with stroke lesions. These findings confirm an important role of the left DLPFC in post-stroke depression, but now show that large-scale network disruptions following stroke associated with depressive features occur without lesions in the DLPFC.
Airway surface liquid pH is not acidic in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Schultz André , Puvvadi Ramaa , Borisov Sergey M. , Shaw Nicole C. , Klimant Ingo , Berry Luke J. , Montgomery Samuel T. , Nguyen Thien , Kreda Silvia M. , Kicic Anthony , Noble Peter B. , Button Brian , Stick Stephen M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractModulation of airway surface liquid (ASL) pH has been proposed as a therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF). However, evidence that ASL pH is reduced in CF is limited and conflicting. The technical challenges associated with measuring ASL pH in vivo have precluded accurate measurements in humans. In order to address this deficiency, ASL pH was measured in vivo in children using a novel luminescent technology integrated with fibre-optic probes. Here we show that ASL pH in children with CF is similar to that of children without CF. Findings were supported by highly controlled direct pH measurements in primary human airway epithelial cell culture models, which also suggest that the potential ASL pH gradient produced by defective apical ion transport is balanced out by paracellular shunting of acid/base. Thus, reduced baseline ASL pH is unlikely to be an important pathobiological factor in early CF lung disease.
Human sperm steer with second harmonics of the flagellar beat
Authors: Saggiorato Guglielmo , Alvarez Luis , Jikeli Jan F. , Kaupp U. Benjamin , Gompper Gerhard , Elgeti Jens 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSperm are propelled by bending waves traveling along their flagellum. For steering in gradients of sensory cues, sperm adjust the flagellar waveform. Symmetric and asymmetric waveforms result in straight and curved swimming paths, respectively. Two mechanisms causing spatially asymmetric waveforms have been proposed: an average flagellar curvature and buckling. We image flagella of human sperm tethered with the head to a surface. The waveform is characterized by a fundamental beat frequency and its second harmonic. The superposition of harmonics breaks the beat symmetry temporally rather than spatially. As a result, sperm rotate around the tethering point. The rotation velocity is determined by the second-harmonic amplitude and phase. Stimulation with the female sex hormone progesterone enhances the second-harmonic contribution and, thereby, modulates sperm rotation. Higher beat frequency components exist in other flagellated cells; therefore, this steering mechanism might be widespread and could inspire the design of synthetic microswimmers.
Giant thermal expansion and α-precipitation pathways in Ti-alloys
Authors: Bönisch Matthias , Panigrahi Ajit , Stoica Mihai , Calin Mariana , Ahrens Eike , Zehetbauer Michael , Skrotzki Werner , Eckert Jürgen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTi-alloys represent the principal structural materials in both aerospace development and metallic biomaterials. Key to optimizing their mechanical and functional behaviour is in-depth know-how of their phases and the complex interplay of diffusive vs. displacive phase transformations to permit the tailoring of intricate microstructures across a wide spectrum of configurations. Here, we report on structural changes and phase transformations of Ti–Nb alloys during heating by in situ synchrotron diffraction. These materials exhibit anisotropic thermal expansion yielding some of the largest linear expansion coefficients (+ 163.9×10−6 to −95.1×10−6 °C−1) ever reported. Moreover, we describe two pathways leading to the precipitation of the α-phase mediated by diffusion-based orthorhombic structures, α″lean and α″iso. Via coupling the lattice parameters to composition both phases evolve into α through rejection of Nb. These findings have the potential to promote new microstructural design approaches for Ti–Nb alloys and β-stabilized Ti-alloys in general.
Environmental sensing by mature B cells is controlled by the transcription factors PU.1 and SpiB
Authors: Willis Simon N. , Tellier Julie , Liao Yang , Trezise Stephanie , Light Amanda , O’Donnell Kristy , Garrett-Sinha Lee Ann , Shi Wei , Tarlinton David M. , Nutt Stephen L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHumoral immunity requires B cells to respond to multiple stimuli, including antigen, membrane and soluble ligands, and microbial products. Ets family transcription factors regulate many aspects of haematopoiesis, although their functions in humoral immunity are difficult to decipher as a result of redundancy between the family members. Here we show that mice lacking both PU.1 and SpiB in mature B cells do not generate germinal centers and high-affinity antibody after protein immunization. PU.1 and SpiB double-deficient B cells have a survival defect after engagement of CD40 or Toll-like receptors (TLR), despite paradoxically enhanced plasma cell differentiation. PU.1 and SpiB regulate the expression of many components of the B cell receptor signaling pathway and the receptors for CD40L, BAFF and TLR ligands. Thus, PU.1 and SpiB enable B cells to appropriately respond to environmental cues.
A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton
Authors: Defurne M. , Jiménez-Argüello A. Martí , Ahmed Z. , Albataineh H. , Allada K. , Aniol K. A. , Bellini V. , Benali M. , Boeglin W. , Bertin P. , Brossard M. , Camsonne A. , Canan M. , Chandavar S. , Chen C. , Chen J.-P. , de Jager C. W. , de Leo R. , Desnault C. , Deur A. , El Fassi L. , Ent R. , Flay D. , Friend M. , Fuchey E. , Frullani S. , Garibaldi F. , Gaskell D. , Giusa A. , Glamazdin O. , Golge S. , Gomez J. , Hansen O. , Higinbotham D. , Holmstrom T. , Horn T. , Huang J. , Huang M. , Hyde C. E. , Iqbal S. , Itard F. , Kang H. , Kelleher A. , Keppel C. , Koirala S. , Korover I. , LeRose J. J. , Lindgren R. , Long E. , Magne M. , Mammei J. , Margaziotis D. J. , Markowitz P. , Mazouz M. , Meddi F. , Meekins D. , Michaels R. , Mihovilovic M. , Camacho C. Muñoz , Nadel-Turonski P. , Nuruzzaman N. , Paremuzyan R. , Puckett A. , Punjabi V. , Qiang Y. , Rakhman A. , Rashad M. N. H. , Riordan S. , Roche J. , Russo G. , Sabatié F. , Saenboonruang K. , Saha A. , Sawatzky B. , Selvy L. , Shahinyan A. , Sirca S. , Solvignon P. , Sperduto M. L. , Subedi R. , Sulkosky V. , Sutera C. , Tobias W. A. , Urciuoli G. M. , Wang D. , Wojtsekhowski B. , Yao H. , Ye Z. , Zhan X. , Zhang J. , Zhao B. , Zhao Z. , Zheng X. , Zhu P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe internal structure of nucleons (protons and neutrons) remains one of the greatest outstanding problems in modern nuclear physics. By scattering high-energy electrons off a proton we are able to resolve its fundamental constituents and probe their momenta and positions. Here we investigate the dynamics of quarks and gluons inside nucleons using deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS)—a highly virtual photon scatters off the proton, which subsequently radiates a photon. DVCS interferes with the Bethe-Heitler (BH) process, where the photon is emitted by the electron rather than the proton. We report herein the full determination of the BH-DVCS interference by exploiting the distinct energy dependences of the DVCS and BH amplitudes. In the regime where the scattering is expected to occur off a single quark, measurements show an intriguing sensitivity to gluons, the carriers of the strong interaction.
Bacteremic and non-bacteremic pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii in ICUs of South China: A Clinical and Microbiological Study
Authors: Tan Yunfang , Zhou Kai , Tang Xiang , Kudinha Timothy , Wang Luxia , Guo Zhenghui , Akova Murat , Zhuo Chao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii has been a dreadful problem for ICU physicians for a long time. Bacteremic pneumonia (BP) caused by this organism has a higher mortality compared to other organisms. Between 2012 and 2015, 86 BP and 89 non-bacteremic pneumonia (NBP) patients from five ICUs were enrolled into the study. The 7-day and 14-day mortality rates were higher in BP patients than in NBP patients (P < 0.001). Procalcitonin elevation, high APACHEII score and recent surgery, were independently associated with BP episodes. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, coma, high APACHEII score and procalcitonin elevation, were independently associated with mortality in the BP group. Extensively drug-resistant isolates were detected in 34.9% of BP and 25.8% of NBP isolates. PFGE identified 12 and 9 genotypes in the BP and NBP isolates, respectively, with 6 genotypes shared by both groups. ST195 was the most prevalent type (40%), followed by ST457 (18.9%). The pandemic clonal complex 92 was predominant, accounting for 94.3% of the strains. For all studied periods, mortality remained higher in the BP than the NBP group. Disease severity was the main risk factor for high mortality in the BP group, and other factors related to mortality were infection, and not treatment or microbiology-related.
Molecular speciation and transformation of soil legacy phosphorus with and without long-term phosphorus fertilization: Insights from bulk and microprobe spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Jin , Yang Jianjun , Cade-Menun Barbara J. , Hu Yongfeng , Li Jumei , Peng Chang , Ma Yibing 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSoil legacy phosphorus (P) represents a substantial secondary P resource to postpone the global P crisis. To fully utilize this P reserve, the transformation of legacy P speciation in a black soil with and without P fertilization for 27 years was investigated by chemical fractionation, molecular-level bulk (P K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge, XANES; solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance) and microprobe (µ-X-ray fluorescence and µ-XANES) spectroscopy. Results from both fractionation and P bulk-XANES concordantly indicated that Ca2-P [Ca(H2PO4)2] acts as a reserve of labile P in response to soils with or without P fertilization. Cropping for 27 years depleted hydroxyapatite while enriched iron-bound P in soils irrespective of P application. Similar accumulation of soil organic P (Po), probably due to root residue inputs, occurred in both soils with and without P fertilization; the accumulated Po was present as orthophosphate diesters in soils with P fertilization more than in soils without P fertilization, suggesting that the release of labile Po was triggered by soil P deficits. These results provide vital information for agronomically and environmentally sustainable P management by demonstrating the potential crop availability of legacy soil P, which could reduce future P fertilization.