bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Being there yet not there: why don’t embodied responses to literary texts jar with one another?
Authors: Jajdelska Elspeth 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Language and literature can stimulate the embodied resources of perception. I argue that there is a puzzle about why we experience sequences of these embodied responses as integrated and coherent, even though they are not anchored in space and time by a perceiving body. Some successions of embodied representations would even be impossible in real world experience, yet they can still be experienced as coherent and flowing in response to verbal texts. One possibility is that embodied responses to language are fleeting; they need not be integrated because they do not depend on, or relate to, one another as they would in perception. Yet it is the potential for embodied representations to linger and connect with one another which underlies new and persuasive embodied literary theories of vividness, narrative coherence and metaphor comprehension. Another possibility is that readers anchor their embodied representations in a notional human body, one endowed with superhuman powers, such as omniscience. But this account relies on implausible, post hoc explanations. A third possibility is that integrating embodied representations produced by language need be no more problematic than integrating the deceptively patchy information harvested from the environment by perception, information which gives rise to an experience of the world in rich and continuous detail. Real world perceptual cues, however, sparse though they might be, are still integrated through grounding in specific points in time and space. To explain the integration of embodied effects, I draw on sensorimotor theories of perception, and on Clark’s suggestion (1997, Being There. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press) that language can be understood as an additional modality. In this light, the embodied simulations generated by literary texts can be integrated through patterning in a high dimensional, vector space neural architecture, a patterning which recalls real world experience but is specialised to the sustained experience of language itself. This account can help us understand what makes literary experience distinctive and unique.
A semantic study of tense backshift and its literary effects in FID
Authors: Bu Jiemin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This study presents a semantically-oriented theoretical and descriptive study of tense backshift and its literary effects in FID. Based on Fludernik’s study (1993), the detailed linguistic indicators of FID are described in order to provide the criteria for data collection for this study. The data are FID passages collected from four canonical English novels: Austen’s Persuasion, Conrad’s Lord Jim, and Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse. A theory of tense semantics underlying FID is explored, and the literary effects of tense backshift in FID are examined. The results of this study show that: (1) the mechanism of tense backshift in FID is tense backshift from absolute tense defined by the default temporal reference point t0 in present time domain in the narrator’s intensional domain into relative tense defined by the central time of orientation in past time domain in the represented character’s intensional domain; and (2) the literary effects of tense backshift in FID, analysed in terms of relative past tense, relative lazy past tense, relative past progressive tense and relative past future perfect tense are shown to be effects of remoteness, terseness, close-up and irony respectively.
Intercultural Challenges in Virtual Teams
Authors: Krawczyk-Bryłka Beata 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Virtual teams are usually geographically dispersed and consist of members from different countries and cultures. They influences internal communication processes and can cause personal conflicts, misunderstandings or lack of trust. Intercultural diversity is also significant for goal setting and team effectiveness. The aim of this article is to check if virtual team members appreciate the cultural diversity or rather suffer from lack of team cohesion and mutual understanding. The article presents research conducted among specialists from IT sector who have experience in working in virtual teams. They perceive intercultural collaboration in virtual teams as the opportunity to exploit the potential of specialists from all over the world but they also point to some challenges related to cross-cultural virtual teamwork.
Cancer during pregnancy – clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes and prognosis for mothers and infants
Authors: Jeremic Katarina , Stefanovic Aleksandar , Dotlic Jelena , Kadija Sasa , Kontic Olivera , Gojnic Miroslava , Jeremic Jelena , Kesic Vesna 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjective:To assess which obstetrical characteristics and treatment improved outcomes and prognosis of pregnant women with malignancy.Methods:A prospective study, undertaken between 2005 and 2014, involving 35 pregnant women who were diagnosed with malignant tumors during pregnancy. Patients were followed-up for 1 year after delivery. The pregnancy course and outcome and parameters that could influence the condition of mother and fetus were evaluated.Results:Most malignancies were hematological, diagnosed in the second trimester and treated with combined therapy (surgery/adjuvant) after pregnancy. Most fetuses were in good state throughout pregnancy, but were delivered by caesarean section (CS) before term. Adjuvant therapy during pregnancy mostly caused transitory deterioration of fetal conditions. The majority of both mothers and infants were in a good state 12 months postpartum, although numerous mothers were still ill and on therapy. Surviving pregnancy and preventing tumors progression during pregnancy were the best predictors of mothers’ future condition (P=0.022). High birthweight and term delivery were the most important factors for good outcome of the infants (P=0.001).Conclusions:If the tumor is not progressing, pregnancy should be continued as long as possible to obtain adequate birthweight of the infant. Second trimester surgery is safe, while other therapies should preferably be applied after delivery.
Evidence-based, ethically justified counseling for fetal bilateral renal agenesis
Authors: Thomas Alana N. , McCullough Laurence B. , Chervenak Frank A. , Placencia Frank X. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground:Not much data are available on the natural history of bilateral renal agenesis, as the medical community does not typically offer aggressive obstetric or neonatal care asbilateral renal agenesis has been accepted as a lethal condition.Aim:To provide an evidence-based, ethically justified approach to counseling pregnant women about the obstetric management of bilateral renal agenesis.Study design:A systematic literature search was performed using multiple databases. We deploy an ethical analysis of the results of the literature search on the basis of the professional responsibility model of obstetric ethics.Results:Eighteen articles met the inclusion criteria for review. With the exception of a single case study using serial amnioinfusion, there has been no other case of survival following dialysis and transplantation documented. Liveborn babies die during the neonatal period. Counseling pregnant women about management of pregnancies complicated by bilateral renal agenesis should be guided by beneficence-based judgment informed by evidence about outcomes.Conclusions:Based on the ethical analysis of the results from this review, without experimental obstetric intervention, neonatal mortality rates will continue to be 100%. Serial amnioinfusion therefore should not be offered as treatment, but only as approved innovation or research.
Death in Metaphorical Language
Authors: Uberman Agnieszka 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The article presents the analysis of the lexical phrases employing the selected elements of the cognitive frame of DEATH. A brief outline of the symbolism of death is also noted. The corpus for the present analysis has been collected from a number of lexicographic sources. The research results point to the negative meaning of most phrases where death, dead or to die are employed.
Comparative studies of underwater light regimes in lakes of the East-Suwałki Lakeland
Authors: Borowiak Dariusz , Borowiak Magdalena 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSecchi disc transparency and optical properties of water, based on measurements for downward irradiance using an underwater radiometer PER-700, were studied in 23 lakes of the Suwałki Landscape Park (SLP) in 2013. Measurements of optically significant constituents of water were also performed (YSI EXO-2) and analysed. Data on water transparency from published studies were used to assess long-term changes in the optical conditions in the deepest water body in Poland – Lake Hańcza. In terms of the optical characteristics of the water, the analysed SLP lakes can essentially be divided into two distinct groups representing different optical lake types. These are optical categories of lakes most common in Poland, namely types II and IIIb. Regional equations describing the relationships between the attenuation coefficient for downward irradiance as well as optically significant constituents of water were developed. The optical properties of the SLP lakes are mainly affected by suspended solids, mostly phytoplankton. Interannual fluctuations in Sechi disc transparency, as well as the attenuation coefficient for downward irradiance and other apparent optical properties of mid-summer water calculated from it, are determined by the spring thermal conditions and intensity of phytoplankton blooms during this period. Application of the attenuation coefficient for downward irradiance as a criterion for the assessment of the trophic status of the SLP lakes indicates that these are generally eutrophic lakes. The largest and deepest lakes of the park, however, are mesotrophic. Lake Hańcza is currently in the stage of α-mesotrophy.
Diversity of rotifer communities in lakes of the Suwalki Landscape Park
Authors: Ejsmont-Karabin Jolanta , Górniak Andrzej , Karpowicz Maciej 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Studies of summer rotifer fauna of 11 shallow and 6 deep lakes of the Suwałki Landscape Park were conducted in an aim to assess the role of lake depth and biotic and abiotic factors in determining the diversity of rotifer communities in lakes undergoing a natural rate of eutrophication not accelerated by anthropopression. Some differences were observed when the group of shallow lakes was compared with that of deep lakes. The former were more differentiated as regards a list of rotifer species, partly due to the high proportion of species with low frequency. Consequently, their faunal originality was markedly higher and values of the percentage similarity of rotifer communities were much lower than in deep lakes. Species richness of rotifer fauna was also dependent on the trophic state of the studied lakes, the character of a nutrient limiting primary production, as well as biomass of diatoms and green algae.
Export of nutrients from the catchment of the upper Szeszupa River (drainage basin of the Neman River) and its seasonality
Authors: Górniak Andrzej 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The article presents the dynamics of concentrations and export of nitrogen, phosphorus, TOC in the upper Szeszupa River (tributary of the River Neman) in the period from 2000 to 2014 (15 years) based on monthly analyses performed in Poland in the scope of the National Environmental Monitoring. The lakeland river with a mean discharge of 1.6 m3 s−1 and catchment dominated by agricultural land exports approximately 20 kg ha−1 of organic carbon compounds per year. The export of nitrogen is insignificant (3.8 kg ha−1) with 55% accounting for the element in the form of organic compounds and 31% for nitrates. Phosphorus export is also relatively low (0.12 kg ha−1), with 30% of the load of TP constituted by orthophosphates. During four months (February–May), 40–60% of annual export of nutrients was discharged, whereas the load of nitrates and organic nitrogen was higher than the contribution of outflowing water. From 2010, an increasing tendency has been observed in organic nitrogen export. This may be related to the intensification of animal production in NE Poland and an increase in livestock density.
Preliminary characteristics of laminations in recent sediments from lakes Kamenduł and Perty in the Suwałki Landscape Park, northeastern Poland
Authors: Tylmann Wojciech , Kinder Małgorzata , Żarczyński Maurycy , Poraj-Górska Anna 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Varved lake sediments are well known archives used for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. They provide continuous, high-resolution and calendar-year chronologies of past environmental changes. From lakes Kamenduł and Perty, located in the Suwałki Landscape Park, short cores of laminated sediments were collected and investigated using microfacies analysis and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning. Sediments of Lake Kamenduł form biogenic (calcite) varves with pale lamina containing precipitated calcite and dark lamina composed of mixed organic and clastic material. There is a visible difference between varves in the lower and the topmost part of the core. The varve thickness and clastic material content decrease upcore. Analysed sediments of Lake Perty also show laminated structures which are biogenic varves composed of calcite laminas interbedded with layers of mixed material and dark laminas containing mostly organic material with some clastic particles. Our study shows that further analysis of sediments from these lakes may provide valuable information about past land use changes in their catchments as well as changes in the water column, i.e. mixing regimes and redox conditions.
Cartographic visualization of Jewish heritage in cross-border tourist project Shtetl Routes (Poland, Belarus, Ukraine)
Authors: Kuna Jakub 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The aim of the author of this article is to present cartographic visualizations designed for an international tourist project Shtetl Routes. The methodology consists of the study of early topographic maps, field studies, GIS analyses and 3D modelling. 63 town maps, 15 virtual mock-ups and a large thematic map have been developed as results. Multiple methodological problems are discussed. Cartographic products designed for the project have already been published or will be published in the near future.
Image of the World on polyhedral maps and globes
Authors: Pędzich Paweł 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Application of polyhedrons as image surface in cartographic projections has a tradition of more than 200 years. The first maps relying on polyhedrons appeared in the 19th century. One of the first maps which based on an original polyhedral projection using a regular octahedron was constructed by the Californian architect Bernard Cahill in 1909. Other well known polyhedral projections and maps included Buckminster Fuller’s projection and map into icosahedron from 1954 and S. Waterman’s projection into truncated octahedron from 1996, which resulted in the “butterfly” map. Polyhedrons as image surface have the advantage of allowing a continuous image of continents of the Earth with low projection distortion. Such maps can be used for many purposes, such as presentation of tectonic plates or geographic discoveries.
The article presents most well known polyhedral maps, describes cartographic projections applied in their preparation, as well as contemporary examples of polyhedral maps. The method of preparation of a polyhedral map and a virtual polyhedral globe is also presented.
Preferred physical activity in the second and third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Skorupińska Agata , Bojarska-Hurnik Sylwia , Tyl Katarzyna 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA necessary step for a woman prior to a planned conception is introducing vital changes into her lifestyle. First of all, if she spends the day mostly in the sitting position, she should try to change her way of life into a more active one. Inevitably, a low physical activity leads mostly to overweight, even obesity. Therefore, taking part in sports activities would help keep the right body mass level or lose weight. Overweight and obesity show a very negative impact on the menstrual cycle and ovulation, which might make conceiving a child rather difficult. Furthermore, the above mentioned points may also stand out as possible factors responsible for antenatal complications, including miscarriage. Staying active on a regular basis supports restoring the right ovulation timing, lowers the complications’ level and soothes possible ailments experienced by a woman.
Classification and elements of distal radius fractures treatment
Authors: Skorupińska Agata , Tora Magdalena , Bojarska-Hurnik Sylwia 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe distal radius bone fracture most often affects elderly people, who trying to avoid injury, protect themselves by falling on the outstretched hand. The main risk factors are here: age, sex, osteoporotic changes as well as diet impoverished in calcium and vitamin D. In order to provide the patient with an appropriate treatment, one must concentrate on the fracture location. Such ailments like pain, parenthesis, decreased joint mobility, weakening of the muscle strength are experienced by patients even after having completed the treatment process. Very often these patients shall have significant problems with performing many everyday tasks, which in effect will make them victims dependent on the other. Unfortunately, despite the enormous medical progress, these fractures are still a vast socioeconomic problem. In addition, the patients are frequently afraid of a potential next fall which should be classified as a separate psychosocial problem, leading to isolation and a huge limitation of the social roles available to these patients.
Classification of athletes in light of the results of swimmers with locomotor disability obtained during the Paralympic Games in 2000-2012
Authors: Bednarczuk Grzegorz , Rutkowska Izabela , Skowroński Waldemar 
Published: February 2017

AbstractClassification of athletes in disability sports aims to give athletes equal opportunities in competition. In most sport disciplines, athlete’s functional capabilities are taken into consideration and on this basis the athlete is classified into the appropriate sport class. The issue is relevant and it is an important direction of research undertaken in the field of disability sport. Assuming that sport results are resultants of athlete’s functional capabilities and level of training, the analysis of sports results obtained by athletes with disabilities, especially those obtained during major events, becomes the focus of research.The aim of the analysis was to enable an assessment of the classification system in relation to the results obtained by swimmers in each sport class. For the analysis we used the official results in swimming in all styles at all distances, obtained during Paralympics Games in 2000-2012 by women and menwith locomotor disability. To assess the significance of differences in results between particular sport classes, the Mann–Whitney U test was used. The adopted level of significance was set at p < 0.05.The results of the analysis indicate that the classification system for swimming differentiates competitors in terms of the results obtained. This refers mainly to men in particular sport classes, which may be an indicator of a high performance level in this sports discipline. In the case of women, no differences (in some cases) have been observed between the results obtained by athletes, especially between classes where swimmers with smaller functional deficits compete. This can serve as a reason for combining these classes, which could lead to the increase in sports performance level in women’s swimming.
The specificity of diving of the disabled
Authors: Patkiewicz Józef 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe author describes the advantages of diving and its types. He specifies conditions affecting the extremity of diving. Moreover, he indicates additional problems, barriers, obstacles and limitations of diving for the disabled that result from a particular type of disability and the methods used to overcome them. Finally, he describes diving training systems that include persons with disabilities. The conclusion of the study is to determine the possibility and practice of diving by the disabled with various disabilities, even the most serious ones, and at various age.
Para-badminton – sport for people with disabilities
Authors: Janiaczyk Małgorzata 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe article presents the fundamental information about para-badminton. It contains mostly information based on observations and experiences of the author and on few elaborations on this topic. Information also comes from elaborations regarding sport for disabled people doing similar sports games with racquets - tennis, table tennis and others. Classes and categories in para-badminton, rules, competitions, conditions and equipment necessary for the game as well as prostheses and sports wheelchairs used by players were presented. Moreover, the basis of parabadminton sports training was discussed. In order to facilitate understanding of the specificity of para-badminton, it was compared with regular badminton.
The most common causes of sudden cardiac death in athletes
Authors: Świerkosz Szymon , Nowak Zbigniew , Pacyna Anna 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCompetitive sport causes physiological changes called athlete’s heart. In most cases echocardiographic parameters return to normal after cessation of career. Sudden cardiac death may occur in persons with previously diagnosed or undiagnosed heart disease. Mortality is 1-3 people/100,000. The main reasons for death is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and commotio cordis. In cardiomyopathy coronary vasculature does not increase proportionately to heart mass. In the case of extreme physical effort areas of poor blood supply can cause dangerous arrhythmias. Commotio cordis is caused by by blunt trauma to the thorax, which induces ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest without structural damage.
Applying the Health Belief Model in Explaining the Stages of Exercise Change in Older Adults
Authors: Sas-Nowosielski Krzysztof , Hadzik Andrzej , Górna Joanna , Grabara Małgorzata 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroduction. The benefits of physical activity (PA) have been so well documented that there is no doubt about the significance of PA for personal and social health. Several theoretical models have been proposed with a view to understanding the phenomenon of PA and other health behaviours. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if and how the variables suggested in the Health Belief Model (HBM) determine physical activity stages of change in older adults. Material and methods. A total of 172 students of Universities of the Third Age aged 54 to 75 (mean = 62.89 ± 4.83) years agreed to participate in the study, filling out an anonymous survey measuring their stage of exercise change and determinants of health behaviours proposed by the HBM, including: perceived benefits of physical activity, perceived barriers to physical activity, perceived severity of diseases associated with sedentary lifestyle, perceived susceptibility to these diseases, and self-efficacy. Results. The results only partially support the hypothesis that the HBM predicts intentions and behaviours related to the physical activity of older adults. Only two variables were moderately-to-strongly related to stages of exercise change, namely perceived barriers and self-efficacy. Conclusion. Interventions aimed at informing older adults about the benefits of physical activity and the threats associated with sedentary lifestyle can be expected to have rather a weak influence on their readiness for physical activity.