bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle size and band gap evaluation of green gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with potential applications
Authors: Kaur Sumanveer , Kaur Ramneek , Gupta Saurabh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The present study was aimed towards green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using fungal strain (SGSK-7) with assessment of their size using different techniques viz., x-ray diffractormeter, Dynamic light scattering, Atomic force microscopy, FE-Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The intense characteristic diffraction peaks at angle 2θ (38.13°) presented the crystalline nature of the reduced gold solution and calculation of crystalline size (12 nm) using Scherer’s equation further confirmed synthesis of gold nanoparticles while dynamic light scattering analysis indicated the particle size range of gold nanoparticles between 2 nm to 50 nm. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FESEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis of extracellular gold nanoparticles depicts spherical shape of AuNPs of approximately 40 nm. Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy depicted the presence of the gold nanoparticles along with the other biomolecules secreted by fungus which plays vital role in reduction, capping and stabilization of gold nanoparticles. Energy dispersive x-ray, mapping analysis, Zeta potential and UV–vis spectrophotometery analysis further confirmed the presence and stability of gold nanoparticles, respectively. Zeta potential of gold nanoparticles leads to conclude the neutral nature (−10 mV to 10mV) of the particles. The UV–visible spectrophotometeric analysis also confirmed the formation of gold nanoparticles with an absorption peak at 547 nm. On the basis of UV–visible spectra the optical band gap of 2.44 eV is examined. The phylogenetic relatedness of SGSK-7 revealed 99% homology with Aspergillus tamari after sequencing of the ITS region followed by BLAST.
Enhancement of superconducting properties of grown FeTe0.65Se0.35 single crystals through air annealing
Authors: Miglani Shivam Kumar , Varma G D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This work investigates the annealing effects on the superconducting properties of FeTe0.65Se0.35 single crystals. We examine the impact of varying annealing times on the magnetotransport, magnetic, and vortex pinning properties of the single crystals. The structural analysis shows the single crystalline growth of crystals along the c-axis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirm the presence of iron oxides in the annealed samples. Temperature-dependent resistivity and magnetization measurements confirm the superconductivity in the as-grown and annealed samples. However, the as-grown sample shows a broad superconducting transition and low superconducting volume fraction, but after annealing, significant improvement in both is observed. Moreover, the self-field critical current density at 2 K is enhanced by a factor of ~4.5 for the optimally annealed sample compared to the as-grown sample. Experimental observations have been analyzed with the theoretical models to understand the effects of annealing on the vortex pinning mechanisms. Further, the specific heat study confirms the bulk superconductivity in the annealed sample compared to the as-grown single crystal. Overall, our study indicates that the superconducting properties vary with the annealing time, and the best results are obtained at an optimum annealing time.
Research on Multi cabin Collaborative Assembly Method Based on Multi Agent Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Liu Geng , Liu Songkai , Jinkui Chu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the domain of multi-cabin assembly, the prevailing method entails step-by-step docking assembly, which often leads to the accumulation of errors throughout the assembly process. This paper employs multi-agent reinforcement learning techniques to facilitate collaborative assembly of the lateral force device assembly, thereby enhancing assembly quality. Initially, the assembly process of the final assembly is scrutinized to establish a conducive learning environment. Subsequently, a novel agent configuration is proposed, wherein two agents are deployed to represent a single motion unit. Following this, a diverse range of algorithms is employed to train the model, enabling the selection of the most appropriate algorithm and optimization of pertinent parameters. The resultant multi-agent assembly paths are then generated for comprehensive analysis and comparison. Finally, simulation verification of the paths is conducted, accompanied by an analysis of the assembly-induced stress during the assembly process.
Optimization of impurity removal and purification flux components and their application in the production of A356 aluminum alloy
Authors: Chen Guiqing , Huang Shita , Fu Gaosheng , Wu Jianxin , Chen Ruoyu , Zheng Xiaobin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Taking into account the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions of impurity removal and purification, three impurity removal and purification fluxes were designed for comparative experiments. It was found that the impurity and hydrogen removal rates of experimental flux II were the best, with a decrease of 28.1% in micro grain size 28.1 μ m. The spacing between secondary dendrites is significantly reduced. The eutectic silicon phase of the alloy treated with experimental flux II is granular, with small and dispersed inclusions. The fracture structure of the alloy exhibits ductile fracture characteristics, mainly in the form of transgranular microporous aggregation, which helps to improve the plasticity and fatigue resistance of the alloy. The flux purification method, which focuses on impurity removal, can provide a reference for the actual impurity removal in aluminum alloy smelting.
Effect of magnetic field on mechanical properties of K-TIG welded TA2 oil pipeline
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Yaxi , Li Tianlei , Shi Daiyan , Ou-yang Xingyu , Cui Xinyue , Yu Yang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, the tensile properties and impact properties of TA2 welded pipes at different temperatures were tested and the microstructural differences between the base metal and the weld were analyzed. The results showed that the yield strength of the welds of both welding processes was higher than that of the base metal and the elongation was more stable. Welds affected by magnetic fields had more stable shrinkage and higher impact toughness. The difference in mechanical properties of the three samples came from the difference in structure. The base metal had a fine equiaxed structure, the ordinary K-TIG welding seam had a thicker Widmanstatten structure, and the magnetic field K-TIG welding seam had a finer Widmanstatten structure.
Numerical simulation and experimental study of laminated incremental forming process
Authors: Xinhai Zhao , Xuemei Liu , Zhiyuan Si , Chao Zheng , Yongchao Tan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In order to improve the surface quality of incremental forming parts, this paper is studied. Through numerical simulation, the influence rules of different overlapping materials and overlapping thickness on the forming quality of target parts are obtained, and the optimal forming process parameters are given. Compared with the experimental results, the better forming results were obtained.
Numerical Study on the Coating Uniformity of Slot-Die Head Using FSI Method
Authors: Cao Guoping , Jin Xuejin , Wang Zhaoyu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Slot-die coating technology is one of the key processes in the production of lithium batteries. The design of die head, which is the core component of slot-die coating system, affects quality of lithium batteries directly. In this paper, Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) method is employed to evaluate the influence of die head deformation on coating quality. The results demonstrate that the FSI method provides a more accurate assessment of the influence of die head deformation on coating quality parameters compared to conventional methods. Based on this method, a reasonable range of operating pressure is determined for a specific model of coating head.
High power low cross-talk single inductor dual output DC-DC converter for power management in PLL IC
Authors: Zhong Shiguang , Chen Zhijian , Li Bin , Wang Riyan , Wu Xinyi , Lu Difeng , Lin Xiaoling 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A single inductor dual output DC-DC converter operating in CCM mode is proposed in this paper. Due to the more accuracy and complete small-signal model in Simulink and the dedicatedly designed compensation parameters, the circuit can broaden the load range of the converter through fast response and reduce the cross-talk effects between output branches during load adjustment. The converter is implemented in TSMC 0.18μm 1P6M BCD process with a chip area of 1.7mm*1.8mm. The simulation results show that the converter has a conversion efficiency of 81.3% at a maximum output power of 5W and the cross-regulation of less than 36mV/A at 1A load regulation.
The effect of different subgrid-scale models on the flow field in cyclone separator using large-eddy simulations: A benchmark study
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Kumar Vikash , Jha Kailash , Brar Lakhbir Singh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The cyclone separator is extensively utilized across industries to extract solid particles from gas streams. This study is focused on the steady and unsteady simulations of the Stairmand cyclone using large-eddy simulations aiming to assess the performance using different subgrid-scale models viz. standard Smagorinsky (Cs
=1), dynamic Smagorinsky, Wall-Adapting Local Eddy-Viscosity (WALE), Wall-Modeled LES (WMLES), and dynamic kinetic energy models. The velocity profiles within the cyclone separator were analyzed under both steady and unsteady conditions, with reference to the Hoekstra experiment for validation and comparison. Velocity profiles inside the cyclone separator were inadequately predicted by the steady-state simulation, whereas the unsteady-state simulation yielded results more aligned with experimental values. The present study suggests that adopting subgrid-scale LES models such as standard Smagorinsky and WMLES offers a better option for analyzing flow patterns.
Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis for two-dimensional wake transition behind a NACA 0012 airfoil in a soap film
Authors: Wathore Harish , Poddar Kamal , Mandal Alakesh Chandra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An experimental study has been conducted to analyze the flow characteristics around a NACA 0012 airfoil in a horizontal soap film tunnel. The investigation involves both the qualitative observations and the quantitative measurements at various angles of attack (0° to 20°) for Reynolds numbers ∼ 3000 and 5000. Flow visualizations were carried out using the interference technique, while particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used for velocity field measurements. The study examines the two-dimensional wake transition of the NACA 0012 airfoil under different Reynolds numbers and angles of attack in a soap film tunnel. Results indicate that changes in the trailing flow within the soap film are primarily influenced by the Reynolds number and angle of attack. The visualization of the flow exposes different states of wakes and their corresponding flow structures. At lower angles of attack α ≤ 6°, vortex shedding occurs in an alternating mode, while at intermediate angles (8° to 16°), the wake widens. The vortices exhibit more chaotic and turbulent behavior at higher angles of attack, i.e., α ≥ 16°. Furthermore, the study indicates that the same wake transition takes place at lower angles of attack as Reynolds numbers rise.
Constitutive modelling for understanding stress-stretch behaviour of Lennard-Jones non-crystalline molecular Solid
Authors: Kumar Raj , Mahata Paritosh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Non-crystalline molecular solid materials have many scientific and engineering applications. This study develops a constitutive equation for understanding stress-stretch behaviour of non-crystalline molecular solid using Lennard-Jones (LJ) intermolecular interaction. The strain energy derived from Lennard-Jones interactions between molecules. Based on the excluded volume (spherical volume occupied by the molecules maintaining centre to centre distance with a reference molecule) and density of the molecules, strain energy density is developed. In order to relate the molecular approach with continuum approximation, the excluded volume and density are expressed as a function of strain invariants of right Cauchy-Green deformation tensor. Finally, the constitutive equation in the form of Cauchy stress tensor is developed using the present strain energy density function. The present constitutive model is used to study finite deformations of the molecular solid like uniaxial extension. We compare our theoretical results with the experimental data of flexible polyurethane foams and obtain very good agreements. The current constitutive model can predict the deformation of micro/nano engineering system components.
An Effect of Al on the Properties of ZnIn2Se4 Thin Film
Authors: Mahmood Husham Kamil , Hussein Bushra H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Zinc-indium-selenide ZnIn2Se4 (ZIS) ternary chalcopyrite thin film on glass with a 500 nm thickness was fabricated by using the thermal evaporation system with a pressure of approximately 2.5×10−5 mbar and a deposition rate of 12 Å/s. The effect of aluminum (Al) doping with 0.02 and 0.04 ratios on the structural and optical properties of film was examined. The utilization of X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to showcase the influence of aluminum doping on structural properties. XRD shows that thin ZIS-pure, Al-doped films at RT are polycrystalline with tetragonal structure and preferred (112) orientation. Where the degree of crystallinity is raised. The effect of Al content on surface roughness and average diameter was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), which showed that both surface roughness and average diameter increased with an increasing Al ratio until they reached their maximum values of 12.93 nm and 61.56 nm, respectively. Optical characteristics of ZIS thin film and the impact of aluminum on optical parameters have been investigated, and it was found that the optical energy (

E
g

opt

), absorption coefficient (α), extinction coefficient (k), refractive index (n), both the real (εr) and imaginary (εi) components of the dielectric constant have values of (1.8 eV), (3.11×104 cm−1), (0.111), (2.3), (5.36), and (0.517), respectively, for ZIS thin films at an Al ratio equal to 0.04.
The Impact of Combination Ag: Se Core: Shell Nanoparticles Synthesized by Plasma Jet with Plantago lanceolata on REF Cell Line
Authors: Jabeer Zahraa B , Ardalan Naksheen M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The process well-thought-out for isolating new and novel ant-microbial components is though natural sources which is considered the best option. Plantago lanceolata is a medicinal plant that holds several bioactive compounds, containing tannins, phenolic compound, flavonoids and alkaloids. These benefits contain potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial. This study among to synthesize Ag: Se NPs at (125 and 250) μg mL−1 concentrations in ratio (0:10, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7) respectively. Characterization of the produced silver nanoparticles involved UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Cytotoxicity against normal cells line (REF) were assessed using several diluted concentrations, Ag: Se NPs (25, 50, and 100%) and concentrations of P. lanceolata (125 and 250) μg mL−1. The optimal XRD pattern and UV-visible were attained at a ratio (3:7). At a concentration of 100% Ag: Se NPs at 250 μg mL-1, the most significant cytotoxic on REF cell lines was stated. However, the addition of combined. Ag: Se NPs (125 and 250) μg mL−1 with P. lanceolata (125 and 250) μg mL−1 resulted in reduced cytotoxicity, indicating no synergistic effect at all. In conclusion, this study successfully synthesized Ag: Se NPs and investigating their combined effects with P. lanceolata on REF cell lines.
The structural characteristics of nano-copper thin films produced via laser-assisted electric wire explosion process
Authors: Jumaa Sawsan T , Al Hilli Baha’a A M , Khudia Ausama I 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Due to the wide range of important applications, the metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have increasing demand, so that many methods and technologies attempted to produce it. The Electric Wire Explosion (EWE) method is the most established method to produce nanometals and metal oxides in the form of either powders or thin films. In this study, copper and copper oxide films were prepared via electric wire explosion method with a developed laser igniting spark gap switch. The Cu thin films were prepared at different explosion voltages (4, 5 and 7kV) and then their structural properties were studied. The results show that the produced copper/copper oxides nanoparticles of thin films increased as the exploding voltage increased. The XRD test shows that the films crystallite size increased as the exploding voltage increased. FE-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images, are shows the decrease of grain size of thin films as the explosion voltage increase.
Eco-friendly nanocomposite particles CuO/Fe2O3 and CuFeO2 as corrosion inhibitors of reinforced steel for concrete
Authors: Mussttaf Doaa J. , Abdul-Hamead Alaa A. , Othman Farhad M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the last period of scientific research, the application of nanoscale materials had a huge interest in enhancing sustainability and improving the performance of concrete. This paper discusses lots of experimental truths about nanoparticles (CuO, Fe2O3) and nanocomposite particles (CuFeO2 and CuO/Fe2O3), which are manufactured by green chemistry and their effect on concrete. Because of their advanced properties due to containing the two heavy transition metals iron and copper, these particles can It is possible to bring about a wide development in the field of building and construction, and they may finalize more than one function at the same time. The dispersion of nanoparticles (Nps) in concrete mixtures is a key strategy to achieve the tailoring process, which is used to design new materials with specific properties to perform desired functions or applications. In this paper, resistance against chemical corrosion is achieved. These nanocomposites (Ncps)can improve the microstructure, function, and strength. The SEM, physical, mechanical characterization, workability and electrochemical measurements of the concrete based on those Nps. The results discovered that those Nps are corrosion resistant, contributing to decreased failure corrosion problems, which may lead to continuing to work at the same level throughout the years of service. This communication aims to provide a deep comprehension of the role of (Ncps) admixtures in concrete composites. They provide possible methods to enhance their overall characteristics and establish the basis for a more sustainable and long-lasting future in the building field.
On Theoretical Aspect of Photons Emission From Quark-Gluon Interaction Upon Hard Collision
Authors: Jarallah Naz T. , Al-Agealy Hadi J. M. , Noori Rafah Ismael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This work applies a quantum chromodynamics theory QCD to photon emission from heavy quark-gluon scattering in the strong interaction quark-gluon to study and calculate photon flow in hard interaction processes. The photon flow from the dense quark-gluon interaction was calculated using critical temperature, quantum chromodynamic coupling and fugacity at chemical potential μq (500 MeV) for the anti-top with gluon interaction in

t
¯

g
→

s
¯

γ

system. The photon flow spectrum in hard collisions is described under the first leading order approximation for QCD theory at finite chemical potential and critical temperature using various photon energy values dependent on the fugacity of quark and gluon. Photon flux calculation provided valuable insights into QGP conditions. The coupling strength αc (T) calculation is a strongly decreasing function of critical temperature ranging 107MeV ≤ Tc ≤ 145MeV and also find appreciable increasing as a result of increasing temperature of system ranging 180MeV ≤ T ≤ 360MeV. The photon flow produced in the

t
¯

g
→

s
¯

γ

system was observed in the low range of photon energy with two critical temperatures. The total photon emission strongly decreases marginally as a function of the increase in photon energy. The photon flow emission was found to have appreciable enhancement at the anti-top quark interaction with gluon and it increases highly as a result of the increased temperature of the system and reaches to maximum near 360 MeV at minimum strength coupling in the energy of the photon 1GeV≤E≤2 GeV.
Structural and Optical Characterization of Cu2Se0.8S0.2 Thin Films Deposited by Thermal Evaporation
Authors: Hadi Shaimaa Mohsein , Khudayer Iman Hameed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A simple cost thermal evaporation deposition technique was used to prepare of Cu2SeS thin films on the substrates made of glass at RT with thickness

(

500

+
−

20
)
nm

. Structural, and optical properties of these films were investigated. The films were structurally characterized using X-ray diffraction XRD analyses, the film samples were morphologically characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and optical UV-Vis spectroscopy was also to characterize the samples. The films have been treated at deferent temperatures (403, 453 &503) K for 1 hour, X-ray diffraction (XRD-with wavelength 1.54 A) study the structure properties of this films suggest a cubic structure and have prominent (111) orientation. AFM analysis, it is evident that Cu2SeS film is polycrystalline in nature, and that crystallite size and average grain size for films after annealing were increasing. The optical absorption coefficient (α) of the film was evaluated using absorbance spectra in the wavelength range (400-1100) nm. The direct band gap of about 2.2 eV, decrease by increasing annealing temperature, The structure and the optical characteristics of these films may have practical applications in renewable energy.
Lateral Distribution Function Estimation of Electrons and Muons using Nishimura-Kamata-Greisen Function
Authors: Taha Rawaa Yaseen , Al-Rubaiee A A , Hussein I F 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The density of charged particles in extensive air showers reaching the surface of the Earth was calculated by estimating the lateral distribution function (LDF) of different primary particles at high energies. LDF simulation was performed using the AIRES system (version 19.04.10), a set of programs and subroutines designed to simulate ultra-high-energy air showers resulting from the interaction of cosmic rays with the Earth’s atmosphere. This system includes algorithms for fast simulation and output data management, and can simulate particle showers realistically and manage the related data efficiently. Its aim is to contribute to research on high-energy cosmic ray interactions for two charged particles, like muons and electrons, at very high energies (1016, 1018, and 1019 eV) and taking into account the effect of particles, such as protons, helium nuclei, and iron nuclei, and primary energies and zenith angles (0°, 20°, and 40°). The LDF was also calculated using the Nishimura–Kamata–Greisen function, and good agreement was found with the results produced by the AIRES system for high-energy muons and electrons created by primary particles.