bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of external cephalic version after a previous caesarean delivery
Authors: Weill Yishay , Pollack Raphael N. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundExternal cephalic version (ECV) in the presence of a uterine scar is still considered a relative contraindication despite encouraging studies of the efficacy and safety of this procedure. We present our experience with this patient population, which is the largest cohort published to date.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of ECV in the setting of a prior caesarean delivery.Materials and methodsA total of 158 patients with a fetus presenting as breech, who had an unscarred uterus, had an ECV performed. Similarly, 158 patients with a fetus presenting as breech, and who had undergone a prior caesarean delivery also underwent an ECV. Outcomes were compared.ResultsECV was successfully performed in 136/158 (86.1%) patients in the control group. Of these patients, 6/136 (4.4%) delivered by caesarean delivery. In the study group, 117/158 (74.1%) patients had a successful ECV performed. Of these patients, 12/117 (10.3%) delivered by caesarean delivery. There were no significant complications in either of the groups.ConclusionsECV may be successfully performed in patients with a previous caesarean delivery. It is associated with a high success rate, and is not associated with an increase in complications.
Women's questions about medicines in pregnancy – An analysis of calls to an Australian national medicines call centre
Authors: Pijpers Eva L. , Kreijkamp‐Kaspers Sanne , McGuire Treasure M. , Deckx Laura , Brodribb Wendy , van Driel Mieke L. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundFor many medicines, safe use during pregnancy is not established and adherence is often poor due to safety concerns. Therefore, it is important to identify consumers’ medicines information needs during pregnancy.Materials and methodsA retrospective, mixed methods analysis was conducted on eight years of pregnancy‐related calls to an Australian national medicines call centre. The call profile of pregnancy and non‐pregnancy‐related questions were compared. Medicines involved in pregnancy calls were categorised by class (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC)3 level), and Therapeutic Goods Administration pregnancy category. Questions in these calls were also themed by pregnancy stage.ResultsWe identified 4573 pregnancy‐related and 118 547 non‐pregnancy‐related calls. The caller profile for pregnancy‐related calls was female (93.7%), asking for herself (83.0%), and while 70.1% of questions involved one medicine, 9.6% involved three or more medicines. Pregnancy enquiries were prompted more often by conflicting information, inadequate information or desire for a second opinion. For 1166 calls, where the stage of pregnancy was available, most questions concerned safety. Medication classified as ‘safe’ during pregnancy accounted for 34% of these questions. After antidepressants, most calls were made about over‐the‐counter (OTC) medicines (paracetamol, dexchlorpheniramine, codeine). Safe treatment for everyday conditions was of increasing concern as the pregnancy progressed.ConclusionPregnant women are concerned about the safety of medication use in pregnancy and a significant proportion overestimate risk. Psychotropic medication and fertility are strong drivers to seek information during preconception. Everyday illnesses and self‐medication with OTC medication are a common concern throughout pregnancy, even though many medicines are safe to use.
Incidence of normal white cell count and C‐reactive protein in adults with acute appendicitis
Authors: Dayawansa Nalin H. , Segan Julian D. S. , Yao Henry H. I. , Chong Hon I. , Sitzler Paul J. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundNormal C‐reactive protein (CRP) and white cell count (WCC) are often used to exclude a diagnosis of acute appendicitis in the Emergency Department (ED). Retrospective review of 281 adult patients with acute appendicitis was performed to study the incidence of normal CRP and WCC on admission and examine any possible predisposing factors.MethodRetrospective analysis of patient clinical records yielded CRP, WCC, operative diagnosis, time of symptom onset, imaging results and history and examination features. Case–control analysis was performed with patients with normal CRP and WCC considered the case group and those with raised CRP or WCC considered controls. Groups were compared using Mann–Whitney U‐test and chi‐squared analysis.ResultsOf 281 consecutive patients with histologically proven appendicitis, 24 (8.54%) had normal CRP and WCC on presentation to ED. There were no significant differences in age, sex or time to blood collection between groups. Three patients had normal WCC and CRP and an Alvarado score of 4 or less on presentation. Three patients had persistently normal CRP and WCC on repeated testing. There was a trend towards earlier presentation in patients with normal CRP and WCC with 75.0% versus 58.4% presenting within 24 h of symptom onset (OR 2.14, P = 0.112).ConclusionAcute appendicitis remains diagnostically challenging and cannot be excluded on the basis of normal CRP and WCC. Serial clinical and biochemical assessment is warranted in patients with acute abdominal pain, particularly in those presenting early after symptom onset.
Proteinase activated receptor‐2 counterbalances the vascular effects of endothelin‐1 in fibrotic tight‐skin mice
Authors: Roviezzo Fiorentina , Brancaleone Vincenzo , Mattera Iacono Valentina , Bertolino Antonio , De Cunto Giovanna , Vellecco Valentina , Lungarella Giuseppe , Lucattelli Monica , Cirino Giuseppe 
Published: September 2016

Background and PurposeThe majority of the severe vascular complications in fibrosis are a consequence of a deregulated activity of mediators controlling vasomotor tone. One of the most important of these mediators is endothelin‐1 (ET‐1). Here, we have investigated the role of proteinase‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in the vascular dysfunction in a model of fibrosis, using tight‐skin (Tsk) mice.Experimental ApproachAortas were collected from Tsk, transgenic over‐expressing PAR2 (TgPAR2), PAR2 deficient (PAR2−/−) or the corresponding WT mice. Histological and immunohistochemistry analysis for α‐smooth muscle actin, PAR2 and ET‐1 receptors were performed on aorta sections. Vascular responses to phenylephrine, ET‐1 and PAR2 activating peptide (PAR2‐AP) were assessed on aortic rings.Key ResultsIn aortas from Tsk mice, responses to phenylephrine were reduced, contractions to ET‐1 were increased and vasorelaxation to PAR2‐AP was enhanced. These alterations matched changes observed in whole vessel architecture such as vascular fibre re‐organization, increased collagen deposition and enhanced α‐smooth muscle actin expression. Expression of both ETA receptors and PAR2 was enhanced in Tsk mice. Antagonism of PAR2 potentiated vascular effects of ET‐1, whereas antagonism of ETA receptors increased vasorelaxation induced by PAR2‐AP. In TgPAR2 mice, responses to ET‐1 and ET‐1 plasma levels were reduced. Conversely, PAR2−/− mice showed enhanced ET‐1 induced contraction in aortic rings and higher circulating ET‐1 levels.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur data show that PAR2 counterbalanced enhanced contractions to ET‐1 in aortas from Tsk mice. PAR2 could represent a possible target for novel drugs in the treatment of vascular complications in fibrosis.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc
Impact of woody encroachment on soil organic carbon storage in the Lopé National Park, Gabon
Authors: Chiti Tommaso , Mihindou Vianet , Jeffery Kathryn J. , Malhi Yadvinder , De Oliveira Fabiane L. , White Lee J. T. , Valentini Riccardo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study quantifies changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stock as a result of woody encroachment on savannas. Changes in SOC stocks occur below 30 cm depth, indicating the subsoil as the principal compartment contributing to SOC sequestration, and suggesting the need to consider the entire profile (0–100 cm) to thoroughly assess the effect of woody encroachment on SOC stocks.
‘You Feel It in Your Body’: How Australian Children and Young People Think about and Experience Feeling and Being Safe
Authors: Moore Tim , McArthur Morag 
Published: September 2016

In 2012, the Australian Government announced the establishment of a Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse. The aim of the Royal Commission is to understand how and why sexual abuse occurred within Australian institutions and to provide guidance as to how future abuse might be prevented. The Royal Commission commissioned a mixed methods study to explore what children need to be safe and to feel safe, to explore how they determine their level of safety, and their observations about how institutions act to prevent and respond to safety issues. This article reports on the findings from the first phase of the study that involved focus groups carried out with children aged 4–17 years from different types of institutions. The discussion focused particularly on how children conceptualise safety and how they make judgments about their levels of safety. Children and young people's conceptualisation of safety had multiple dimensions, which include the idea that being safe and feeling safe are two distinct, interrelated but sometimes non‐concurrent experiences; that safety is identified and experienced as a set of feelings; trusting relationships are the foundation of safety; familiarity helps children feel safe; and safe environments are those that are ordered and orderly.
The impact of a ‘vicious cycle’ on the daily functioning of a group of severely obese adults
Authors: Howard M. , Stapleton T. , Van den Bergh N. , Yoder R. , O'Shea D. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryAs the rates of obesity are steadily increasing, the relevance to occupational therapy (OT) is increasing accordingly. There is limited OT‐focused research internationally, particularly relating to the functional and social implications of obesity and none within an Irish context. This was the first research of its kind at a national level and aimed to explore the daily functional difficulties experienced by a group of adults attending an Irish weight management clinic. A mixed methods study design was deployed, and the two phases were combined to form an overall picture of the daily functional difficulties experienced. Of the 26 participants included in the study, 21 completed the quantitative phase, and 19 of those completed the follow‐on qualitative phase. Mean body mass index (BMI) of those involved in the quantitative phase was 52.6 (range 39–69). Of the 21 respondents, nine were partnered, and 10 were unemployed. A large number of participants (n = 16) were reported to experience comorbidities alongside their weight, and the number of comorbidities experienced varied between one and seven. A significant correlation was found between a greater number of comorbidities and a greater level of functional difficulties and a lower perceived health‐related quality of life. Interestingly, there was no relationship between BMI and both functional difficulty and perceived health status. The presence of a vicious cycle and interdependency between factors was seen to be an over‐riding, dominant theme throughout the qualitative interviews. The issue of a vicious cycle was reinforced in the quantitative measures where community participation in particular was reported to be an area of neglect due to the interaction of emotional difficulties, physiological difficulties, environmental barriers and societal attitudes. The complex interaction and incremental worsening of factors was also seen to be a major barrier to effective implementation of the advice given by the weight management clinic into everyday occupational performance. The findings indicate the complex interaction that exists between the consequences of obesity and their impact on health and well‐being. Understanding of such interactions will have important implications for OT practice as addressing these factors on a continuum rather than in isolation may lead to greater success with weight‐loss interventions and also with occupational re‐engagement.
Adolescent obesity in contextual settings: a scoping study of multilevel and hierarchical examinations
Authors: Utley J. M. , Affuso O. , Rucks A. C. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryMultilevel/hierarchical obesity studies analyze adolescent and family, neighbourhood and social settings’ characteristics to generate data needed to design prevention interventions. This scoping study summarizes such studies’ characteristics and key findings to provide information to decision makers, which allows them to quickly grasp the state of the evidence and potential policy implications for adolescent obesity prevention. PubMed, CINAHLplus, PsychINFO and Sociological Abstracts were searched for peer‐reviewed studies spanning 1 January 2000–31 August 2014. Inclusion criteria included (i) outcome weight status, physical activity and weight status, or physical activity alone if the aim was obesity prevention; (ii) 12‐ to 19‐year‐old participants in a cross‐sectional study, a separate analysis in a cross‐sectional study or a longitudinal follow‐up. Nineteen studies were published in the United States of America; four in Canada; two in Spain, China and Vietnam, respectively; and one in Germany. Self‐efficacy, parental physical activity support, perceived neighbourhood support, social cohesion and access to recreational facilities were associated with increased activity levels; neighbourhood physical disorder and perceived lack of safety associated with reduced physical activity levels. Overweight or obesity was associated with sugar‐sweetened beverage intake and household availability thereof; reduced odds were reported with fruit and vegetable intake and household availability of these, daily breakfast and family meal frequency. Potential adolescent obesity risk regulators may be found at the individual, family or social contextual levels.
The city as a refuge for insect pollinators
Authors: Hall Damon M. , Camilo Gerardo R. , Tonietto Rebecca K. , Ollerton Jeff , Ahrné Karin , Arduser Mike , Ascher John S. , Baldock Katherine C. R. , Fowler Robert , Frankie Gordon , Goulson Dave , Gunnarsson Bengt , Hanley Mick E. , Jackson Janet I. , Langellotto Gail , Lowenstein David , Minor Emily S. , Philpott Stacy M. , Potts Simon G. , Sirohi Muzafar H. , Spevak Edward M. , Stone Graham N. , Threlfall Caragh G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractResearch on urban insect pollinators is changing views on the biological value and ecological importance of cities. The abundance and diversity of native bee species in urban landscapes that are absent in nearby rural lands evidence the biological value and ecological importance of cities and have implications for biodiversity conservation. Lagging behind this revised image of the city are urban conservation programs that historically have invested in education and outreach rather than programs designed to achieve high‐priority species conservation results. We synthesized research on urban bee species diversity and abundance to determine how urban conservation could be repositioned to better align with new views on the ecological importance of urban landscapes. Due to insect pollinators’ relatively small functional requirements—habitat range, life cycle, and nesting behavior—relative to larger mammals, we argue that pollinators put high‐priority and high‐impact urban conservation within reach. In a rapidly urbanizing world, transforming how environmental managers view the city can improve citizen engagement and contribute to the development of more sustainable urbanization.
Curcumin inhibits angiogenesis by up‐regulation of microRNA‐1275 and microRNA‐1246: a promising therapy for treatment of corneal neovascularization
Authors: Bai Yanhui , Wang Weiqun , Sun Guangli , Zhang Mingchang , Dong Jingmin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveCurcumin (capable of inhibiting angiogenic growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells [HUVECs]), can be employed in vitro as a model of pathogenesis of corneal neovascularization (CRNV). The aim of this study was to explore regulatory mechanisms of microRNA (miR) levels after curcumin treatment.Materials and methodsExpression profiles of miRs in curcumin‐treated HUVECs were investigated by miR microassay. Specific mimics and inhibitors of miR‐1275 or miR‐1246 were transfected into HUVECs. Then, their target genes, vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) and nuclear transcription factor kappa B acting protein (NKAP) were detected by quantitative real‐time PCR, Western blotting assay or immunofluorescence assay. Cell proliferation and cell cycle parameters were measured with the help of CCK‐8 assay and flow cytometry.ResultsMiR‐1275 and miR‐1246 expression levels were up‐regulated by curcumin. Administration of the specific mimics and inhibitors of the two miRs led to significant changes in expression of VEGFB and NKAP as well as the indicators related to angiogenesis. Anti‐angiogenic effect of curcumin depended on expression patterns of the two miRs in that inhibition of either miR interfered with the effect of curcumin. Furthermore, overexpression of NKAP interrupted effects of curcumin on the cells.ConclusionCollectively, our findings demonstrate that curcumin inhibited HUVEC proliferation by up‐regulation of miR‐1275 and miR‐1246.
Genetic Color Morphs in the Eastern Mosquitofish Experience Different Social Environments in the Wild and Laboratory
Authors: Kraft Brittany , Williams Emily , Lemakos Valerie A. , Travis Joseph , Hughes Kimberly A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe social environment of an animal is an especially interesting component of its environment because it can be shaped by both genetic and non‐genetic variation among social partners. Indirect genetic effects (IGEs) are those created when genetic variation in social partners contributes to variation in an individual's phenotype; a potentially common form ofIGEoccurs when the expression of a behavioral phenotype depends on the particular genotypic combination of interacting individuals. AlthoughIGEs can profoundly affect individual‐ and group‐level fitness, population dynamics, and even community structure, understanding their importance is complicated by two inherent challenges: (1) identifying individuals with genetic differences in social interactions that can contribute toIGEs and (2) characterizing natural social interactions that potentially involveIGEs. As a first step toward addressing both these challenges in the same system, we investigated social interactions involving genetically distinct male color morphs in the poeciliid fishGambusia holbrookiunder natural and laboratory conditions. Previous work indicates that melanic (M) and silver (S) males differ in social behavior and in how conspecifics respond to them, suggesting the potential forIGEs. We used a combination of live and video recording of social groups in two natural populations and in the laboratory to determine the potential forIGEs to contribute to behavioral variation in this species. We found that M males had more social partners, and especially more female social partners than did S males, in nature and in the laboratory. These results suggest that both direct and indirect genetic effects have the potential to play a role in the expression and evolution of social behavior inG. holbrooki.
Where do they go? The effects of topography and habitat diversity on reducing climatic debt in birds
Authors: Gaüzère Pierre , Princé Karine , Devictor Vincent 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe spatial tracking of climatic shifts is frequently reported as a biodiversity response to climatic change. However, species’ range shifts are often idiosyncratic and inconsistent with climatic shift predictions. At the community scale, this discrepancy can be measured by comparing the spatial shift in the relative composition of cold‐ vs. warm‐adapted species in a local assemblage [the community temperature index (CTI)] with the spatial shift in temperature isotherms. While the local distribution of climate change velocity is a promising approach to downscaling climate change pressure and responses, CTI velocity has only been investigated on a continental or national scale. In this study, we coupled French Breeding Bird Survey data, collected from 2133 sites monitored between 2001 and 2012, with climatic data in order to estimate the local magnitude and direction of breeding season temperature shift, CTI shift, and their spatiotemporal divergence – the local climatic debt. We also tested whether landscape characteristics that are known to affect climate velocity and spatial tracking of climate change mediated the climatic debt on the local scale. We found a clear spatial structure, together with heterogeneity in both temperature and CTI spatial shifts. Local climatic debt decreased as the elevation, habitat diversity, and the naturalness of the landscape increased. These results suggest the complementary effects of the local topographic patterns sheltering more diverse microclimates and the increasing permeability of natural and diversified landscape. Our findings suggest that a more nuanced evaluation of spatial variability in climatic and biotic shifts is necessary in order to properly describe biodiversity responses to climate change rather than the oversimplified descriptions of uniform poleward shifts.
BRAF V600E mutation in biliary proliferations associated with α1‐antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Angkathunyakul Napat , Rosini Francesca , Heaton Nigel , Foskett Pierre , Quaglia Alberto 
Published: September 2016

AimsBoth homozygous and heterozygous α1‐antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency patients are at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but also of developing cholangiocarcinoma and combined HCC and cholangiocarcinoma. The aim of our study is to report a series of bile duct adenomas (BDAs) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCs) in adult AAT deficiency patients, observed in our institution over a 5‐year period. Our observational study includes a detailed investigation of their immunohistochemical profile and BRAF V600E mutation status.Methods and resultsEleven biliary lesions from five AAT deficiency patients (six BDAs from three cirrhotic patients with other concurrent liver diseases; three BDAs and two ICCs from two non‐cirrhotic patients) were identified between 2010 and 2015 during routine histological investigation. Most BDAs expressed CD56, EpCAM, CD133, and CA19‐9, similarly to hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), and carried the BRAF V600E mutation (87.5%). One ICC showed a similar immunohistochemical profile but no evidence of the BRAF V600E mutation.ConclusionsMost of the biliary proliferations in AAT deficiency patients have an appearance of BDA with an HPC‐related immunohistochemical profile. Their frequent BRAF V600E mutations support their neoplastic nature, but not necessarily their progression to ICC. We believe that this may depend on the patient genotype, or require a different pathway or a second mutational hit for malignant transformation. We postulate that BDA represents a heterogeneous group of biliary lesions, and that those associated with AAT deficiency may constitute a group of their own.