bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing Evidence-Based Practice in Physical Therapy Settings: Multinational Perspectives on Implementation Strategies and Interventions
Authors: Bernhardsson Susanne , Lynch Elizabeth , Dizon Janine Margarita , Fernandes Jasmin , Gonzalez-Suarez Consuelo , Lizarondo Lucylynn , Luker Julie , Wiles Louise , Grimmer Karen 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
It is of critical importance that findings from the wealth of clinical physical therapist research are transferred into clinical practice without unnecessary delays. There is a lack of knowledge about strategies that can be used to effectively implement physical therapist research findings and evidence-based practice (EBP) into everyday clinical practice in different national settings and contexts. The purpose of this article is to contribute to knowledge about effective strategies for implementing EBP that have been studied in different national physical therapy settings. The specific aims of this article are to share experiences and provide a current multinational perspective on different approaches and strategies for implementing EBP and to highlight important considerations and implications for both research and practice. Six research studies from various settings in 3 countries are described and synthesized. Key characteristics of the studies and intervention components are tabulated and mapped to the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care taxonomy. Commonalities and differences are presented. The implementation strategies described were: a theory-based guideline implementation tailored to identified barriers and facilitators; a multifaceted EBP training package; journal clubs; a multifaceted strategy comprising contextualized procedures, protocols, and standardized resources; barrier identification, education, audit, feedback, and reminders; and contextualized guidelines. Commonalities were the use of a multifaceted approach, educational measures, and clinical guidelines. Key outcomes across the studies were improved attitudes and increased awareness, knowledge, skills, and confidence in EBP; better access to clinical practice guidelines and other EBP resources; identification of barriers that could be targeted in future implementation activities; earlier referrals; and use of recommended outcome measures. The article can serve as a template for other physical therapist researchers in designing implementation studies, as well as to inform policies and practice for health care managers and decision makers who are looking for ways to implement research findings in their organizations.
Linear effects in ATB movement
Authors: Bruening Benjamin , Al Khalaf Eman M 
Published: August 2016

Munn (2001), Citko (2005), and others argue that in ATB movement initial and non-initial gaps exhibit asymmetries in reconstruction effects and weak crossover: only the initial ATB gap shows reconstruction and weak crossover. Munn argues that these asymmetries are due to the nature of the gap: the initial ATB gap is a real gap, while non-initial gaps are parasitic gaps. Parasitic gaps are generally claimed to show no reconstruction or weak crossover (e.g., Nissenbaum 2000). We re-examine reconstruction in ATB movement and parasitic gap constructions and show that in most cases the putative asymmetries between gaps are not real, and when there is an asymmetry it is due to linear order and not to the nature of the gap. We conclude that both ATB movement and parasitic gap constructions involve full copies in all gaps.
GALACTIC SYNCHROTRON EMISSION AND THE FAR-INFRARED–RADIO CORRELATION AT HIGH REDSHIFT
Authors: Schober J. , Schleicher D. R. G. , Klessen R. S. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Theoretical scenarios, including the turbulent small-scale dynamo, predict that strong magnetic fields already exist in young galaxies. Based on the assumption of energy equipartition between magnetic fields and turbulence, we determine the galactic synchrotron flux as a function of redshift z. Galaxies in the early universe are different from local galaxies, in particular, the former have more intense star formation. To cover a large range of conditions, we consider two different systems: one model galaxy comparable to the Milky Way and one typical high-z starburst galaxy. We include a model of the steady-state cosmic ray spectrum and find that synchrotron emission can be detected up to cosmological redshifts with current and future radio telescopes. The turbulent dynamo theory is in agreement with the origin of the observed correlation between the far-infrared (FIR) luminosity L
FIR and the radio luminosity L
radio. Our model reproduces this correlation well at z = 0. We extrapolate the FIR–radio correlation to higher redshifts and predict a time evolution with a significant deviation from its present-day appearance already at

for a gas density that increases strongly with z. In particular, we predict a decrease of the radio luminosity with redshift which is caused by the increase of cosmic ray energy losses at high z. The result is an increase of the ratio between L
FIR and L
radio. Simultaneously, we predict that the slope of the FIR–radio correlation becomes shallower with redshift. This behavior of the correlation could be observed in the near future with ultra-deep radio surveys.
REVERBERATION MAPPING OF THE BROAD-LINE REGION IN NGC 5548: EVIDENCE FOR RADIATION PRESSURE?
Authors: Lu Kai-Xing , Du Pu , Hu Chen , Li Yan-Rong , Zhang Zhi-Xiang , Wang Kai , Huang Ying-Ke , Bi Shao-Lan , Bai Jin-Ming , Ho Luis C. , Wang Jian-Min 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
NGC 5548 is the best-observed reverberation-mapped active galactic nucleus with long-term, intensive monitoring. Here we report results from a new observational campaign between 2015 January and July. We measure the centroid time lag of the broad Hβ emission line with respect to the 5100 Å continuum and obtain

days in the rest frame. This yields a black hole mass of

using a broad Hβ line dispersion of 3124 ± 302 km s−1 and a virial factor of

for the broad-line region (BLR), consistent with the mass measurements from previous Hβ campaigns. The high-quality data allow us to construct a velocity-binned delay map for the broad Hβ line, which shows a symmetric response pattern around the line center, a plausible kinematic signature of virialized motion of the BLR. Combining all the available measurements of Hβ time lags and the associated mean 5100 Å luminosities over 18 campaigns between 1989 and 2015, we find that the Hβ BLR size varies with the mean optical luminosity, but, interestingly, with a possible delay of

years. This delay coincides with the typical BLR dynamical timescale of NGC 5548, indicating that the BLR undergoes dynamical changes, possibly driven by radiation pressure.
Direct Effect of cashew Nut Scarification Associated with Powdery Mildew in the Processing Industry
Authors: Uaciquete Americo , Nicurrupo Jacinto Raul 
Published: August 2016

Cashew powdery mildew disease can reduce on field yield by 100% depending on flowers’ susceptibility. Surviving flowers may still produce nuts that are severely damaged. The impact of this, post-harvest, damage to the processing industry is unknown. Therefore the objective of this experiment was to assess the effect of powdery mildew nut scarification on biometric and industrial processing variables: nut size, weight, nut count, outturn, cutting and peeling time and finally analyze the financial implication of the effect. Thus, raw cashew nuts were randomly sampled and categorized in to five disease score levels (treatments). Ten nuts (replicates) were used for each disease category. Length, thickness, width and weight were measured. Furthermore, from each disease level, two sets of nuts were established. One set for nut count and outturn assessment by cutting test. The other set, for steam boiling, cutting, peeling and other processes quantitatively assessed. A completely randomized experimental design was followed for data analysis. The summary effect was assessed as relative loss in percentage to non diseased nuts. The relative maximum loss due to powdery mildew attack was 41.2% for nut length, 42.9% for nut width, 31.3% for nut thickness and 50% for nut weight. The disease severity increased relative nut count (18.9%) and reduced the total percentage of kernels (20.3%), outturn (21.1%), the industrial yield of white wholes (88.1%), amount of peels (27.6%) and the outturn and nut count based projected income by 9.6%. Three disease based nut categories are proposed for processing improvements. Nut scarification effect on kernel deterioration, seed germination and others is under investigation.
O desenho democrático em tríade: a relação condicional entre consciência democrática, accountability e democracia participativa
Authors: Riccetto Pedro Arcain , Picchi Neto Carlos , Amaral Ana Cláudia Côrrea Zuin Mattos do 
Published: August 2016

<p class="Resumo-Texto">Analisa o processo relacional de pressuposição entre o surgimento de uma consciência democrática e posterior construção da <em>accountability</em> no contexto democrático, visando confirmar a relação de pressuposição entre ambos e uma democracia de fato participativa. Para tanto, apresenta breve escorço histórico do desenvolvimento da teoria democrática, desde a Antiguidade até suas atuais conformações num contexto globalizado. Ancorado no método dedutivo, o estudo trará como plano de fundo a análise da <em>accountability</em> e a dificuldade em estabeler seu conceito, limitações e implantação. Traça, ainda, análise do papel da consciência democrática para consecução dos fins estatais, inserido na realidade histórica brasileira. Por fim, permite-se, pelo elo entre a democracia <em>accountability, </em> e progressão de uma consciência democrática, maior representatividade popular e consequente dissolução do poder ora concentrado nos governantes.</p>
A polêmica História Nova do Brasil: um projeto de vanguarda derrotado politicamente
Authors: Cardoso Vanessa Clemente 
Published: August 2016

<p>Este artigo investiga a coleção de livros didáticos destinados ao ensino secundário brasileiro <em>História Nova do Brasil –</em> publicada em março de 1964 pela Campanha de Assistência ao Estudante (Cases). A coleção foi concebida no seio acadêmico da Universidade Nacional de Filosofia do Brasil (FNFi), peculiarmente pelos alunos responsáveis pela edição do Boletim de História (BH) sob a orientação de Nelson Werneck Sodré, e envolveu diretamente as atividades do Instituto Superior de Estudos Brasileiros (ISEB). A obra criticava a historiografia tradicional apresentada nos manuais escolares utilizados no Brasil e objetivava uma inovação no seu conteúdo. Exaltava a necessidade de reformas sociais<em> –</em> principalmente educacional<em> –</em> enquadrando-se no prospecto político que o País vivenciava durante o governo João Goulart; possuía uma dimensão política e foi objeto de luta. Com a instauração do regime militar, os volumes da <em>História Nova</em> foram queimados e proibidos e seus autores, alvos de perseguição. </p>
Samenwerken in tegenspraak
Authors: Mual Makiri 
Published: August 2016

Co-operation besides contestation
The author illustrates the complexity of cases mediators are confronted with by using two exemplary cases. Sometimes legal issues deriving from family law, divorce law and criminal law all are disputed at the same time, frustrating and even blocking all parties including their legal counsels who are also part of the conflict-system. When a conflict-system becomes contaminated, often support systems are mobilised. If a mediator wants to play a role in sorting out the process – which is not his fundamental task – it is best to seek co-operation with the legal counsels.
Development and Validation of Chemometric-Assisted Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride and Ketorolac Tromethamine in Binary Combinations
Authors: Elfatatry Hamed M , Mabrouk Mokhtar M , Hammad Sherin F , Mansour Fotouh R , Kamal Amira H , Alahmad Shoeb 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The present work describes new spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine in their synthetic mixtures. The applied chemometric techniques are multivariate methods including classical least squares, principal component regression, and partial least squares. In these techniques, the concentration data matrix was prepared by using the synthetic mixtures containing these drugs dissolved in distilled water. The absorbance data matrix corresponding to the concentration data was obtained by measuring the absorbances at 16 wavelengths in the range 244–274 nm at 2 nm intervals in the zero-order spectra. The spectrophotometric procedures do not require any separation steps. The accuracy, precision, and linearity ranges of the methods have been determined, and analyzing synthetic mixtures containing the studied drugs has validated them. The developed methods were successfully applied to the synthetic mixtures and the results were compared to those obtained by a reported HPLC method.
High-speed reference-beam-angle control technique for holographic memory drive
Authors: Yamada Ken-ichiro , Ogata Takeshi , Hosaka Makoto , Fujita Koji , Okuyama Atsushi 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We developed a holographic memory drive for next-generation optical memory. In this study, we present the key technology for achieving a high-speed transfer rate for reproduction, that is, a high-speed control technique for the reference beam angle. In reproduction in a holographic memory drive, there is the issue that the optimum reference beam angle during reproduction varies owing to distortion of the medium. The distortion is caused by, for example, temperature variation, beam irradiation, and moisture absorption. Therefore, a reference-beam-angle control technique to position the reference beam at the optimum angle is crucial. We developed a new optical system that generates an angle-error-signal to detect the optimum reference beam angle. To achieve the high-speed control technique using the new optical system, we developed a new control technique called adaptive final-state control (AFSC) that adds a second control input to the first one derived from conventional final-state control (FSC) at the time of angle-error-signal detection. We established an actual experimental system employing AFSC to achieve moving control between each page (Page Seek) within 300 µs. In sequential multiple Page Seeks, we were able to realize positioning to the optimum angles of the reference beam that maximize the diffracted beam intensity. We expect that applying the new control technique to the holographic memory drive will enable a giga-bit/s-class transfer rate.
Field dependent elastic anomaly in uniaxial tungsten bronze relaxors
Authors: Aftabuzzaman Md , Dec Jan , Kleemann Wolfgang , Kojima Seiji 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The electric field effects on the elastic properties of uniaxial Ca
x
Ba1−

x
Nb2O6 (x = 0.30, CBN30) single crystals were investigated using broadband Brillouin scattering spectroscopy as functions of temperature and electric field. Remarkable thermal hysteresis was observed between zero field heating and zero field cooling processes. A stretching index β = 2.05 indicates the stretched critical slowing down of polar nanoregions (PNRs). The effect of electric field along [001] direction was clearly observed. Under 1.0 kV/cm field, the alignment of nanodomains and enhancement of the long-range ferroelectric order were observed in the ferroelectric phase. In the field dependent measurement, a mixed state consisting of macrodomains induced by the electric field and nanodomains caused by the random fields was observed at 3.0 kV/cm. The mixed state persists up to 13 kV/cm because of the incomplete switching of the nanodomains to the macrodomains state. A very strong memory effect was also observed.
Effects of CO2 concentration on nutrient uptake and starch accumulation by duckweed used for wastewater treatment and bioethanol production
Authors: Mohedano Rodrigo A. , Costa Rejane H. R. , Filho Paulo Belli 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The aquatic macrophytes commonly known as duckweed has been successfully used in wastewater treatment plants during decades. Besides the efficiency of these plants to remove nutrient from wastewater, duckweed has drawn increasing attention for bioethanol production due to its high biomass and starch production. Recently several studies have been evaluating techniques to promote starch accumulation in duckweed biomass and thus improve ethanol yield. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and availability in nutrient removal and starch accumulation by duckweed grown in photobioreactors (PBRs). Thus, duckweed was grown in hermetic PBRs (24 L) exposed to three different CO2 concentrations (C1-1,500; C2-6,000 and C3-100,000 ppm), as well as a control group (CC-380 ppm), without CO2 replacement for a seven-day test period. The decay of NO3
- and PO4
- was monitored along the test, as well the [CO2] and biomass growth rates. The results showed that in C1 and C2, duckweed quickly consumed the CO2 in the gas phase, causing a reduction of nutrient removal efficiency and the consumption of storage starch. By contrast, the higher [CO2] improved the starch content by approximately 150%, from 9.6 to 24.7%, and presented the best results for nitrate and phosphate removal (82 and 79% from 308 mgNO3 L-1 and 28 mgPO4 L-1, respectively).The findings pointed that [CO2] is an important parameter to be monitored in closed duckweed systems, and CO2 supply could improve the starch content and nutrient removal rates.
Asymmetry and nonlinearity of the influence of ENSO on the northern winter stratosphere: 2. Model study with WACCM
Authors: Rao Jian , Ren Rongcai 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLong‐term simulations from the Community Earth System Model with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (CESM‐WACCM) as its atmospheric component are used to investigate the asymmetry and the nonlinearity of the influences of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the northern winter stratosphere. As in Part 1 of this study, four different types of ENSO are considered. The composite CESM‐WACCM results first confirm the conclusions drawn from the observations, that the stratospheric polar jet responses to “moderate El Niño” and “strong La Niña” are stronger than those to “strong El Niño” and “moderate La Niña”. In association with the ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) patterns that are reproduced well in the model, the tropical rainfall response centers exhibit an asymmetric east‐west shift between El Niño and La Niña, which directly leads to the nonlinear and asymmetric Pacific‐North America responses in the extratropics. Accordingly, the strengthening (weakening) planetary wave response in the stratosphere during warm (cold) ENSO also exhibits nonlinear and asymmetric features. When the ENSO SST forcing is prescribed to be linear and symmetric in WACCM, the nonlinearity and asymmetry of the stratospheric responses to moderate ENSO reveal the dominant role of the inherent properties of the atmosphere. However, the absence of asymmetry and nonlinearity in the stratospheric responses to strong ENSO in our sensitivity experiments indicates that the asymmetry in SST forcing between strong El Niño and La Niña still plays an important role in the asymmetric and nonlinear influences of ENSO on the extratropics.
Effects of magnetospheric lobe cell convection on dayside upper thermospheric winds at high latitudes
Authors: Zhang B. , Wang W. , Wu Q. , Knipp D. , Kilcommons L. , Brambles O. J. , Liu J. , Wiltberger M. , Lyon J. G. , Häggström I. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates a possible physical mechanism of the observed dayside high‐latitude upper thermospheric wind using numerical simulations from the coupled magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere (CMIT) model. Results show that the CMIT model is capable of reproducing the unexpected afternoon equatorward winds in the upper thermosphere observed by the High altitude Interferometer WIND observation (HIWIND) balloon. Models that lack adequate coupling produce poleward winds. The modeling study suggests that ion drag driven by magnetospheric lobe cell convection is another possible mechanism for turning the climatologically expected dayside poleward winds to the observed equatorward direction. The simulation results are validated by HIWIND, European Incoherent Scatter, and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. The results suggest a strong momentum coupling between high‐latitude ionospheric plasma circulation and thermospheric neutral winds in the summer hemisphere during positive IMF Bz periods, through the formation of magnetospheric lobe cell convection driven by persistent positive IMF By. The CMIT simulation adds important insight into the role of dayside coupling during intervals of otherwise quiet geomagnetic activity
On the role of extratropical air‐sea interaction in the persistence of the Southern Annular Mode
Authors: Xiao Bei , Zhang Yang , Yang Xiu‐Qun , Nie Yu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUsing the daily atmosphere and ocean reanalysis data, this study highlights the role of extratropical air‐sea interaction in the variability of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Our analysis shows that the SAM‐induced meridional dipolar sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, through surface heat fluxes, can maintain persistent lower tropospheric temperature anomalies, which further results in anomalous eddy momentum forcing enhancing the persistence of the SAM. With the Finite Amplitude Wave Activity diagnosis, we illustrate that response of the eddy momentum forcing to SST anomalies can be attributed to changes in both baroclinic processes as baroclinic eddy generation and barotropic processes as wave breaking thus resultant diffusive eddy mixing, with the former confined at high latitudes and the latter strongest at midlatitudes. Spectral analysis further suggests that the above air‐sea interactions are important for bimonthly and longer time scale SAM variations. The dipolar SST pattern may be an indicator for predicting subseasonal and interseasonal variabilities of the SAM.
Observations of large‐amplitude, parallel, electrostatic waves associated with the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability by the magnetospheric multiscale mission
Authors: Wilder F. D. , Ergun R. E. , Schwartz S. J. , Newman D. L. , Eriksson S. , Stawarz J. E. , Goldman M. V. , Goodrich K. A. , Gershman D. J. , Malaspina D. M. , Holmes J. C. , Sturner A. P. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Marklund G. T. , Khotyaintsev Y. , Strangeway R. J. , Russell C. T. , Pollock C. J. , Giles B. L. , Dorrelli J. C. , Avanov L. A. , Patterson W. R. , Plaschke F. , Magnes W. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOn 8 September 2015, the four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft encountered a Kelvin‐Helmholtz unstable magnetopause near the dusk flank. The spacecraft observed periodic compressed current sheets, between which the plasma was turbulent. We present observations of large‐amplitude (up to 100 mV/m) oscillations in the electric field. Because these oscillations are purely parallel to the background magnetic field, electrostatic, and below the ion plasma frequency, they are likely to be ion acoustic‐like waves. These waves are observed in a turbulent plasma where multiple particle populations are intermittently mixed, including cold electrons with energies less than 10 eV. Stability analysis suggests a cold electron component is necessary for wave growth.