bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real Case Study of 600 m3 Bubble Column Fermentations: Spatially Resolved Simulations Unveil Optimization Potentials for l‐Phenylalanine Production With Escherichia coli
Authors: Mast Yannic , Ghaderi Adel , Takors Ralf 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTLarge‐scale fermentations (»100 m³) often encounter concentration gradients which may significantly affect microbial activities and production performance. Reliably investigating such scenarios in silico would allow to optimize bioproduction. But related simulations are very rare in particular for large bubble columns. Here, we pioneer the spatially resolved investigation of a 600 m³ bubble column operating for Escherichia coli based l‐phenylalanine fed‐batch production. Microbial kinetics are derived from experimental data. Advanced Euler‐Lagrange (EL) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are applied to track individual bubble dynamics that result from a recently developed bubble breakage model. Thereon, the complex nonlinear characteristics of hydrodynamics, mass transfer, and microbial activities are simulated for large scale and compared with real data. As a key characteristic, zones for upriser, downcomer, and circulation cells were identified that dominate mixing and mass transfer. This results in complex gradients of glucose, dissolved oxygen, and microbial rates dividing the bioreactor into sections. Consequently, alternate feed designs are evaluated splitting real feed rates in two feeds at different locations. The opposite reversed installation of feed spots and spargers improved the product synthesis by 6.24% while alternate scenarios increased the growth rate by 11.05%. The results demonstrate how sophisticated, spatially resolved simulations of hydrodynamics, mass transfer, and microbial kinetics help to optimize bioreactors in silico.
Neuroanatomy teaching in the flipped classroom: Attitudes and effect on medical students' performance
Authors: Hanafy Safaa M. , Arafa Mostafa A. , Jumaa Mohammad I. , Farhat Karim H. , Refai Ayman A. , Elkordy Eman A. , Aljehani Ala M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeuroanatomy is essential to clinical neurosciences and is one of the most difficult components of the anatomy curriculum. Flipped classrooms are one of the pedagogical approaches that have been found to enhance students' abilities and encourage in‐depth learning. The current study aims to assess the attitudes and effects of flipped classrooms on neuroanatomy teaching among medical students compared to traditional classrooms.MethodsA quasi‐experimental study was carried out during the period January through June 2023. The effectiveness of teaching neuroanatomy in flipped classrooms versus traditional classrooms was assessed using formative assessment and a pre‐designed structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of four sections assessing different domains on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).ResultsThe total sample reached 214 students. Most students' attitude statements covering skills, knowledge and learning process, and length of time were significantly in favor of flipped teaching at the expense of traditional teaching. Then mean examination grades were significantly higher for pre‐test flipped and post‐test flipped in comparison to pre‐test and post‐test traditional examination.ConclusionsAlthough the flipped classroom is an effective method of learning neuroanatomy as compared to traditional classes, it faces some challenges in its implementation. Such challenges need awareness and solutions from educational institutions.
Prognostic nomograms for young breast cancer: A retrospective study based on the SEER and METABRIC databases
Authors: Li Yongxin , Tao Xinlong , Ye Yinyin , Tang Yuyao , Xu Zhengbo , Tian Yaming , Liu Zhen , Zhao Jiuda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundYoung breast cancer (YBC) is a subset of breast cancer that is often more aggressive, but less is known about its prognosis. In this study, we aimed to generate nomograms to predict the overall survival (OS) and breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS) of YBC patients.MethodsData of women diagnosed with YBC between 2010 and 2020 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The patients were randomly allocated into a training cohort (n = 15,227) and internal validation cohort (n = 6,526) at a 7:3 ratio. With the Cox regression models, significant prognostic factors were identified and used to construct 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year nomograms of OS and BCSS. Data from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) database were used as an external validation cohort (n = 90).ResultsWe constructed nomograms incorporating 10 prognostic factors for OS and BCSS. These nomograms demonstrated strong predictive accuracy for OS and BCSS in the training cohort, with C‐indexes of 0.806 and 0.813, respectively. The calibration curves verified that the nomograms have good prediction accuracy. Decision curve analysis demonstrated their practical clinical value for predicting YBC patient survival rates. Additionally, we provided dynamic nomograms to improve the operability of the results. The risk stratification ability assessment also showed that the OS and BCSS rates of the low‐risk group were significantly better than those of the high‐risk group.ConclusionsHere, we generated and validated more comprehensive and accurate OS and BCSS nomograms than models previously developed for YBC. These nomograms can help clinicians evaluate patient prognosis and make clinical decisions.
Supramolecular Assemblies via Host‐Guest Interactions for Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhao Meng , Zhou Qinghao , Ge Zhishen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising modalities for cancer treatment providing hopes of cancer patients with the significant advantages over traditional antitumor therapy methods. Supramolecular assemblies based on host‐guest interactions have been widely explored in the field of cancer immunotherapy as the delivery systems. A variety of supramolecular materials show unique features for efficient drug encapsulation, targeting delivery and release, which are favorable to activate antitumor immune responses especially through combination of different treatment strategies. In this review article, we summarize the research progresses of supramolecular assemblies via host‐guest interactions for tumor immunotherapy. The construction of various drug delivery systems including hydrogels, liposomes, and polymeric nanoparticles, the drug encapsulation and delivery, as well as advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The perspectives related to future developments in this field are also described.
Regulatory Mechanisms and Applications of Rare Earth Elements‐Based Electrocatalysts†
Authors: Gao Qinlong , Wang Haoyuan , Liu Chunxiao , Luo Laihao , Li Xu , jiang Qiu , Ji Yuan , Zheng Tingting , Xia Chuan 
Published: October 2024

Comprehensive SummaryAmidst the pressing environmental challenges posed by the prevalent reliance on fossil fuels, it becomes imperative to seek sustainable alternatives and prioritize energy efficiency. Electrocatalysis, which is renowned for its high efficiency and environmental friendliness, has garnered significant attention. Rare earth elements (REEs), distinguished by their unique electronic and orbital structures, play a crucial role in electrocatalysis. The strategic integration of REEs into catalysts allows for the fine‐tuning of atomic structures, which in turn, significantly boosts catalytic performance. Despite substantial advancements in rare earth‐based materials for electrocatalysis, a comprehensive overview of the regulatory mechanisms involving REEs is lacking. In this mini‐review, we systematically explore the regulatory mechanisms of REEs within electrocatalysts and their pivotal roles in essential electrocatalytic processes such as the CO2 reduction reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and hydrogen evolution reaction. We commence with an elucidation of REEs, proceed to delineate their regulatory impacts on electrocatalysts and delve into their applications in key electroreduction reactions. We conclude with discussions on current limitations and prospects for further advancements in this burgeoning field of research.

Key Scientists
Two‐Dimensional Metal Covalent Organic Polymers with Dirhodium(II) Photoreduction Centers for Efficient Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Qiu Qian‐Qian , Han Wang‐Kang , Zhu Ruo‐Meng , Liu Yong , Fu Jia‐Xing , Gu Zhi‐Guo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic nitrogen fixation is a green method for converting N2 to NH3, but it remains a challenging task due to the lack of effective photocatalysts. Herein, a series of porous metal covalent organic polymers (MCOPs) with the integration of dinuclear rhodium(II) catalytic centers were rationally constructed for photocatalytic N2 fixation. Interestingly, the porous MCOPs had double‐layers two‐dimensional (2D) structures with the coordinated Rh(II) as the point of registry. The photocatalytic experiment showed that Rh‐TAPA with significant donor‐acceptor (D−A) features exhibited a high activity toward NH3 production with a rate of 319.8 μmol g−1 h−1. The electron transfer process, N2 adsorption and activation mechanism of RhCOPs were further investigated through comprehensive characterization, including DFT calculations and in situ characterization. This work provided a valuable insight into the photocatalytic N2 fixation process with porous materials.
Research on the Heterogeneous Deformation Behavior of Nickel Base Alloy Based on CPFEM
Authors: Liu Erqiang , You Mengchun , Zhao Hongwei , Wu Jianguo , Yang Xianliang , Xiao Gesheng , Lin Jinbao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM), considering the grain morphology and orientation, as well as the dislocation density, is used to research the tensile deformation behavior of GH4169 based on Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). The stress, plastic strain, and dislocation density distributions are obtained for different levels of deformation. Results show that the stress, plastic strain, and dislocation density exhibit obvious heterogeneous plastic deformation, and stress concentration and dislocation pileup mainly occurs near grain boundaries. The initial dislocation density mainly affects the stress–strain curve of the material, and it can obviously effect the yield strength but cannot influence the hardening ability of the material. The total dislocation density increases with plastic strain. However, the texture evolution has no evident change with increasing plastic strain, except for the increase of texture content in Cube (001)[100].
Shade, height of cut, and plant growth regulator effects on bermudagrass and zoysiagrass putting greens
Authors: Walton Thomas E. , McCalla John H. , Karcher Douglas E. , Hutchens Wendell J. , Chandra Ambika , Richardson Michael D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWarm‐season turfgrasses, especially hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy), continue to be widely used on golf course putting greens in tropical and subtropical climates globally and are also gaining popularity in the transition zone region of the United States. Hybrid bermudagrass produces a high‐quality putting green surface; however, it has relatively poor shade and cold tolerance. Recently, fine‐textured zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) cultivars have been released and may be another potential option for golf course putting greens, especially since zoysiagrass is generally considered more shade tolerant than bermudagrass. “Lazer (DALZ 1308)” zoysiagrass (Zoysia matrella (L.) Merrill × Zoysia minima (Colenso) Zotov) is a new, fine‐textured zoysiagrass that may have the potential to produce high‐quality putting green surfaces in transition zone environments. The objective of this 2‐year field trial was to compare Lazer zoysiagrass to TifEagle bermudagrass under varying light levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% shade) and management practices to determine the minimum daily light integral (DLI) requirements and surface playability characteristics (ball roll distance and surface firmness) for each species. Species plots were split with two mowing heights (2.5 and 3.2 mm) and further split with or without weekly applications of the plant growth regulator, trinexapac‐ethyl. Lazer demonstrated significantly greater shade tolerance than TifEagle. The minimum DLI requirement for Lazer was generally about 10 mol m−2 day−1 less than TifEagle. Surface firmness was also greater for Lazer zoysiagrass, while TifEagle consistently produced greater ball roll distances than Lazer. Results from this trial demonstrate that Lazer zoysiagrass can produce acceptable putting green conditions and is better adapted than TifEagle to moderate shade conditions.
FeCo Bimetallic ZIF Derivatives Decorated with CoFe‐LDH to Promote Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis Activation
Authors: Zhang Feng , Lei Yu , Li Guang , Xie Yangchen , Guo Xinjia , Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Xianyou 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReasonably screening the targeted oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)/oxygen evolution reaction (OER) constituents and constructing high‐efficiency and stabilized ORR/OER bifunctional electrocatalysts are pivotal for the advancement of rechargeable zinc‐air batteries (ZABs). Here, CoFe layered double hydroxide (CoFe‐LDH) nanosheets are deposited on nitrogen‐doped graphite‐carbon polyhedra with FeCo alloy nanoparticles (FeCo/LDH‐NGCP). Due to the synergic effect between FeCo‐NGCP, CoFe‐LDH and FeCo/LDH‐NGCP, the electrocatalyst with the abundant and accessible active sites can provide good charge/mass transfer, and thus shows wonderful ORR and OER bifunctional electrocatalytic performance. In ORR tests, FeCo/LDH‐NGCP catalyst displays larger half‐wave potential (E1/2, 0.89 V vs. 0.85 V), higher limiting current density (JL, 5.91 mA/cm2 vs. 5.14 mA/cm2) and better stability than commercial Pt/C. As for OER, FeCo/LDH‐NGCP possesses a smaller overpotential (η) of 299.6 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and more durable stability than commercial RuO2 (330.6 mV). Furthermore, in ZAB tests, the cycling stability of ZAB‐FeCo/LDH‐NGCP (over 470 h) outperforms the ZAB‐Pt/C+RuO2 (92 h) with commercial electrocatalyst (Pt/C+RuO2). Therefore, the FeCo/LDH‐NGCP catalyst offers a new perspective to construct ZABs bifunctional catalysts and their commercial application in ZABs.
Hydrology and trophic flexibility structure alpine stream food webs in the Teton Range, Wyoming, USA
Authors: Jorgenson Karen L. , Hotaling Scott , Tronstad Lusha M. , Finn Debra S. , Collins Sarah M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderstanding biotic interactions and how they vary across habitats is important for assessing the vulnerability of communities to climate change. Receding glaciers in high mountain areas can lead to the hydrologic homogenization of streams and reduce habitat heterogeneity, which are predicted to drive declines in regional diversity and imperil endemic species. However, little is known about food web structure in alpine stream habitats, particularly among streams fed by different hydrologic sources (e.g., glaciers or snowfields). We used gut content and stable isotope analyses to characterize food web structure of alpine macroinvertebrate communities in streams fed by glaciers, subterranean ice, and seasonal snowpack in the Teton Range, Wyoming, USA. Specifically, we sought to (1) assess community resource use among streams fed by different hydrologic sources, (2) explore how variability in resource use relates to feeding strategies, and (3) identify which environmental variables influenced resource use within communities. Average taxa diet differed among all hydrologic sources, and food webs in subterranean ice‐fed streams were largely supported by the gold alga Hydrurus. This finding bolsters a hypothesis that streams fed by subterranean ice may provide key habitat for cold‐water species under climate change by maintaining a longer growing season for this high‐quality food resource. While a range of environmental variables associated with hydrologic source (e.g., stream temperature) were related to diet composition, hydrologic source categories explained the most variation in diet composition models. Less variable diets within versus among streams suggest high trophic flexibility, which was further supported by high levels of omnivory. This inherent trophic flexibility may bolster alpine stream communities against future changes in resource availability as the mountain cryosphere fades. Ultimately, our results expand understanding of the habitat requirements for imperiled alpine taxa while empowering predictions of their vulnerability under climate change.
A Novel Gold Nanoparticle‐Ionic Liquid Nanostructure Modified Pleurotus Ostreatus Based Microbial Biosensor System For Bisphenol A
Authors: Akyilmaz Erol , Ozturk Efe Deniz , Yasa Ihsan , Turkmen Hayati , Emin Gunay M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe current study develops the first and novel gold nanoparticle‐ionic liquid nanostructure modified microbial biosensor based on Pleurotus ostreatus for the sensitive determination of Bisphenol A. In the construction of the microbial biosensor, lyophilized P.ostreatus cells were modified with ionic liquid‐cysteamine mixture on a gold electrode which was modified with 1,6‐hexanedithiol and gold nanoparticle. The measurement principle of the biosensor is based on the detection of changes in current in a phosphate buffer system (pH 7.5, 50 mM and containing 5.0 mM K3[Fe(CN)6]) in the potential range of −0.2 to +0.6 V depending on the BPA concentration. In the optimization studies of the microbial biosensor; the most suitable ionic liquid‐cysteamin ratio was 1 : 2 (v/v) and the incubation time of 1,6‐hexanedithiol on the gold electrode was 6 hours. Optimum working conditions were determined to be pH:7.5, 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer, and 35°C. In the characterization studies of the microbial biosensor, parameters such as linearity, interference effects of some substances on the microbial biosensor responses, repeatability, reproducibility and storage stability of the microbial biosensor were determined. The linear range of the biosensor was obtained 10–250 μM. Limit of detection was determined to be 1.57 μM and the response time was obtained 20 seconds. Real sample analysis was carried out by water samples that kept in plastic bottles for 6 months by using both the microbial biosensor and HPLC method.
Two‐Dimensional Solidification Simulation of PCM Molten Salt as a Thermal Energy Storage for Stirling Engine
Authors: Putra Gerardo Janitra Puriadi , Putra Nandy 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThermal energy storage technologies have been widely used to mitigate intermittency from renewable energy sources such as solar energy. Phase change material (PCM) is a material that can be used as a heat storage medium and is available in a wide range of operating temperatures. Molten salt is one of the PCMs that has the advantage of a very high operating temperature. The PCM solidification simulation based on HitecXL molten salt using COMSOL Multiphysics software was carried out with variations in heat absorption of 1–5 kW/m2, assuming constant heat absorption. The results showed that the PCM solidification process started from the surface of the Stirling engine heat exchanger pipe. The part of the PCM that is solidified falls due to gravity, causing a phenomenon similar to a droplet. The flow that occurred was natural, driven by the buoyancy force resulting from density changes due to temperature gradients in the solidification process. The time required for the PCM to completely solidify was closely related to the amount of heat absorption; the greater the heat absorption from the pipe, the faster the PCM is fully solidified.
Cultivating STEAM teachers: A regional resource‐based model for normal university students in Chongqing
Authors: Lin Yun , Li Ni 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe cultivation of innovative talents with interdisciplinary skills is a central goal of STEAM education, and the success of STEAM education hinges on the availability of qualified STEAM teachers. This study explores how to integrate STEAM awareness, understanding, and curriculum development into the teacher education and major course learning system of normal university students in Chongqing, China. Drawing upon the region's rich resources, the study proposes a three‐level STEAM teacher training model. At the macro level, the model advocates for a collaborative educational ecosystem involving government, schools, businesses, and society. At the meso level, it presents a 4‐year curriculum model that progressively cultivates preservice teachers' interdisciplinary thinking, integration skills, and pedagogical competence. At the micro level, the model explores effective pedagogical methods and strategies for implementing STEAM projects in real‐world teaching scenarios. This regional resource‐based model offers a “Chongqing plan” for training STEAM teachers and ensuring a sustainable supply of innovative talents to support the region's economic and social development.
Robust Estimation of Multivariate Time Series Data Based on Reduced Rank Model
Authors: Xu Tengteng , Deng Ping , Zhang Riquan , Zhao Weihua 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMultivariate time series analysis uncovers the intricate relationships among multiple variables, which plays a vital role in areas such as policy‐making and business decision‐making. This paper employs a reduced rank regression model to investigate a robust estimation method for multivariate time series data using an
penalty. The goal is to achieve rapid parameter estimation while ensuring robustness in the analysis of time series data. This study provides a detailed description of the solution process and examines the theoretical properties of the proposed method. To evaluate its effectiveness, the proposed model is compared with full‐rank regression and the multivariate regression with covariance estimation (MRCE) method through simulations, as well as an analysis of the Sceaux household electric power consumption data. The results indicate that the proposed model performs well.
Determining Factors Which Limit Resectability in Advanced Hypopharyngeal Malignancy
Authors: Hintze Justin M. , Cleere Eoin , O'Riordan Isobel , Timon Conrad , Kinsella John , Lennon Paul , Fitzgerald Conall W. R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPreoperative radiological findings of hypopharyngeal cancers are used to determine suitability for surgical resection. We sought to examine preoperative imaging characteristics to determine how well imaging findings predicted surgical resectability.MethodsA retrospective case–control study of patients undergoing a pharyngolaryngectomy in a tertiary referral center over a 2‐year period was completed. Demographic details, previous treatment, subsite, TNM staging, imaging characteristics, and operative characteristics were collected.ResultsA total of 78 patients met initial inclusion criteria, of which 71 patients ultimately underwent successful surgical resection (91.1%). Preoperative images identified suspicion of prevertebral fascia invasion in 24 (30.7%) cases and carotid artery involvement in 14 (17.9%) cases. In cases of suspicion of prevertebral fascia invasion (24), 19 cases (79.2%) were resectable, and in those with carotid artery involvement (14), 11 (78.6%) were resectable. Concern for prevertebral fascia invasion on radiology led to a higher likelihood of a close margin (42% vs. 17%) in those without concerning features (p = 0.088).ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated a high rate of resectability of hypopharyngeal and upper esophageal cancers despite imaging findings suspicious for factors that could limit resectability. In patients with advanced hypopharyngeal, especially in the salvage setting, surgery should be considered.