bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sodium Chloride on the Properties of Ready‐to‐Eat Pressure‐Induced Gel‐Type Chicken Meat Products
Authors: Guo Tianyue , Xue Siwen , Zou Yufeng , Han Minyi , Xu Xinglian , Zhou Guanghong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPressurized meat foods are increasingly being accepted by consumers nowadays. Unlike in thermal processing, the salt content required for pressure‐induced gelation of muscle proteins is not clear. Sodium chloride levels of 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4% were used to prepare ready‐to‐eat chicken breast meat products in an attempt to find the minimum amount of salt necessary for pressure‐induced gels treated by 600 MPa at 40C for 5 min, while maintaining suitable physicochemical and functional properties. With the salt content increasing, values of lightness and whiteness increased (P < 0.05), redness and yellowness decreased (P < 0.05), water loss decreased (P < 0.05), textural properties such as hardness and chewiness were substantially augmented (P < 0.05), and cohesiveness and resilience were improved (P < 0.05). Three‐dimensional network structure was well formed with salt content of more than 1.2%. These changes in functional properties could be explained by the gel microstructures and transformations among the secondary structure fractions of proteins (P < 0.05). Increasing salt content had no effect on products' appearance (P > 0.05), but significantly influenced flavor, firmness and juiciness (P < 0.05). 1.2% sodium chloride content was the minimum salt addition for general acceptability. These results, which serve as a helpful guide for industrial production, indicate that a minimum of 1.2% sodium chloride should be added for pressure‐induced meat products.Practical ApplicationsProcessing parameters should be optimized in response to the growing market share of pressurized meat products. A high pressure of 600 MPa has a significant potential to produce ready‐to‐eat meat products, but the amount of sodium chloride needed for this application has not been identified. The present study focused on pressurized chicken breast meat with different concentrations of sodium chloride for comparing the physicochemical and textural properties. The information presented in this paper could help the industry to manufacture low‐salt ready‐to‐eat meat products by one‐step high‐pressure processing.
Development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C virus infection who achieved sustained virological response following interferon therapy: A large‐scale, long‐term cohort study
Authors: Nagaoki Yuko , Aikata Hiroshi , Nakano Norihito , Shinohara Fumi , Nakamura Yuki , Hatooka Masahiro , Morio Kei , Kan Hiromi , Fujino Hatsue , Kobayashi Tomoki , Fukuhara Takayuki , Masaki Keiichi , Ono Atsushi , Nakahara Takashi , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Miki Daiki , Tsuge Masataka , Hiramatsu Akira , Imamura Michio , Takahashi Shoichi , Kawakami Yoshiiku , Ochi Hidenori , Chayama Kazuaki ,   The Hiroshima Liver Study Group
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground:We assessed the risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following successful eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with interferon (IFN) therapy in a long‐term, large‐scale cohort study.Methods:We reviewed 1094 consecutive patients with HCV who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) following IFN therapy between January 1995 and September 2013.Results:During the observation period (median 50 months: range 13–224), 36 (3%) of 1094 patients developed HCC after SVR. The median period from SVR to diagnosis of HCC was 37 months (range 17–141), and the cumulative rates of HCC at 5, 10, and 15 years were 4%, 6%, and 12%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified old age (≥60 years, HR, 3.1: 95%CI, 1.3–6.6: P = 0.009), male sex (HR, 12.0: 95%CI, 2.8–50.0: P < 0.0001), advanced fibrosis stage (F3/4, HR, 3.2: 95%CI, 1.6–7.2: P < 0.0001), and alpha‐fetoprotein ≥10 ng/mL at 1 year after SVR (HR, 7.8: 95%CI, 2.9–16.8: P < 0.0001) as significant and independent risk factors for post‐SVR HCC.Conclusions:Older age and male sex (host factors), advanced fibrosis stage (pre‐IFN treatment factor), and higher alpha‐fetoprotein values (post‐treatment factor) were significantly associated with HCC development after HCV eradication.
Greenhouse Gas and Energy Life Cycle Assessment of Pine Chemicals Derived from Crude Tall Oil and Their Substitutes
Authors: Cashman Sarah A. , Moran Kevin M. , Gaglione Anthony G. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryPine chemicals are co‐products of papermaking that are upgraded into diverse products from inks to adhesives. They can also be utilized for energy purposes. This research investigates the carbon and energy life cycle assessment (LCA) of pine chemicals derived from crude tall oil (CTO). The study goals are to determine the cradle‐to‐gate carbon and energy footprint for CTO‐derived chemicals, compare CTO‐derived chemicals to their likely substitutes, and calculate the carbon and energy effects of shifting CTO resources from current chemical production to biodiesel production. The data collected represent 100% of the U.S. and 90% of the European CTO distillation industry for 2011. This analysis is the first industry‐level LCA of pine chemicals. The carbon footprint for CTO‐derived pine chemical products is 50% lower than the likely mix of alternative products, including hydrocarbon resins for rubber, ink, and adhesive, alkyl succinic anhydride for paper size, and heavy fuel oil for heat. Current and proposed European policies could result in CTO being classified as renewable biomass for energy production, creating incentive to convert CTO into fuel rather than chemicals. The differences in the carbon and energy footprints of utilizing CTO for biodiesel versus chemicals are not meaningful when comparing European CTO biodiesel, which displaces conventional diesel, to European CTO‐derived chemicals, which displace the previously discussed substitutes. Therefore, there is no additional carbon or energy benefit that accrues by diverting CTO from current chemical feedstock applications to use for biodiesel production in Europe.
Towards a Circular Economy in Australian Agri‐food Industry: An Application of Input‐Output Oriented Approaches for Analyzing Resource Efficiency and Competitiveness Potential
Authors: Pagotto Murilo , Halog Anthony 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe food industry in Australia (agriculture and manufacturing) plays a fundamental role in contributing to socioeconomic sectors nationally. However, alongside the benefits, the industry also produces environmental burdens associated with the production of food. Sectorally, agriculture is the largest consumer of water. Additionally, land degradation, greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, and waste generation are considered the main environmental impacts caused by the industry. The research project aims to evaluate the eco‐efficiency performance of various subsectors in the Australian agri‐food systems through the use of input‐output–oriented approaches of data envelopment analysis and material flow analysis. This helps in establishing environmental and economic indicators for the industry. The results have shown inefficiencies during the life cycle of food production in Australia. Following the principles of industrial ecology, the study recommends the implementation of sustainable processes to increase efficiency, diminish undesirable outputs, and decrease the use of nonrenewable inputs within the production cycle. Broadly, the research outcomes are useful to inform decision makers about the advantages of moving from a traditional linear system to a circular production system, where a sustainable and efficient circular economy could be created in the Australian food industry.
Quantitative description of collagen fibre network on trabecular bone surfaces based on AFM imaging
Authors: HUA W.‐D. , CHEN P.‐P. , XU M.‐Q. , AO Z. , LIU Y. , HAN D. , HE F. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe collagen fibre network
is an important part of extracellular matrix (ECM) on trabecular bone surface. The geometry features of the network can provide us insights into its physical and physiological properties. However, previous researches have not focused on the geometry and the quantitative description of the collagen fibre network on trabecular bone surface. In this study,we developed a procedure to quantitatively describe the network and verified the validity of the procedure. The experiment proceeds as follow. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to acquire submicron resolution images of the trabecular surface. Then, an image analysing procedure was built to extract important parameters, including, fibre orientation, fibre density, fibre width, fibre crossing numbers, the number of holes formed by fibre s, and the area of holes from AFM images. In order to verify the validity of the parameters extracted by image analysing methods, we adopted two other methods, which are statistical geometry model and computer simulation, to calculate those same parameters and check the consistency of the three methods’ results. Statistical tests indicate that there is no significant difference between three groups. We conclude that, (a) the ECM on trabecular surface mainly consists of random collagen fibre network with oriented fibres; (b) our method based on image analysing can be used to characterize quantitative geometry features of the collagen fibre network effectively. This method may provide a basis for quantitative investigating the architecture and function of collagen fibre network.
Coupling experimental data with individual‐based modelling reveals differential effects of root herbivory on grassland plant co‐existence along a resource gradient
Authors: Pfestorf Hans , Körner Katrin , Sonnemann Ilja , Wurst Susanne , Jeltsch Florian 
Published: November 2015

AbstractQuestionThe empirical evidence of root herbivory effects on plant community composition and co‐existence is contradictory. This originates from difficulties connected to below‐ground research and confinement of experimental studies to a small range of environmental conditions. Here we suggest coupling experimental data with an individual‐based model to overcome the limitations inherent in either approach. To demonstrate this, we investigated the consequences of root herbivory, as experimentally observed on individual plants, on plant competition and co‐existence in a population and community context under different root herbivory intensities (RHI), fluctuating and constant root herbivore activity and grazing along a resource gradient.LocationBerlin, Germany, glasshouse; Potsdam, Germany, high performance cluster computer.MethodsThe well‐established community model IBC‐Grass was adapted to allow for a flexible species parameterization and to include annual species. Experimentally observed root herbivory effects on performance of eight common grassland plant species were incorporated into the model by altering plant growth rates. We then determined root herbivore effects on plant populations, competitive hierarchy and consequences for co‐existence and community diversity.ResultsRoot herbivory reduced individual biomass, but temporal fluctuation allowed for compensation of herbivore effects. Reducing resource availability strongly shifted competitive hierarchies, with, however, more similar hierarchies along the gradient under root herbivory, pointing to reduced ecological species differences. Consequently, negative effects on co‐existence and diversity prevailed, with the exception of a few positive effects on co‐existence of selected species pairs. Temporal fluctuation alleviated but did not remove negative root herbivore effects, despite of the stronger influence of intra‐ compared to interspecific competition. Grazing in general augmented co‐existence. Most interestingly, grazing interacted with RHI and resource availability by promoting positive effects of root herbivory.ConclusionsThrough integrating experimental data on the scale of individual plants with a simulation model we verified that root herbivory could affect plant competition with consequences for species co‐existence. Our approach demonstrates the benefit that accrues when empirical and modelling approaches are brought more closely together, and that gathering data on distinct processes and under specific conditions, combined with appropriate models, can be used to answer challenging research questions in a more general way.
The Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus: status, biology, threats, and conservation priorities
Authors: Karamanlidis Alexandros A. , Dendrinos Panagiotis , de Larrinoa Pablo Fernández , Gücü Ali Cemal , Johnson William M. , Kiraç Cem O. , Pires Rosa 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus is the most endangered seal species. In this review we summarize the status, ecology, and behaviour of the Mediterranean monk seal, and identify the main threats that currently affect the species and the conservation priorities for securing its survival.
Once abundant throughout the Black Sea and Mediterranean, as well as off the Atlantic coasts of northwestern Africa and Macaronesia, the Mediterranean monk seal has recently suffered dramatic declines, both in abundance and geographical range. It is now estimated that fewer than 700 individuals survive in three or four isolated subpopulations in the eastern and western Mediterranean, the archipelago of Madeira and the Cabo Blanco area in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean.
Mediterranean monk seals are coastal marine mammals. When resting and pupping on land, individuals generally seek refuge in inaccessible marine caves; this behaviour is, in part, believed to be an adaptation to increased disturbance by humans. Larger aggregations or colonies of the species can now be found only at Cabo Blanco in the Atlantic Ocean and on the island of Gyaros in the eastern Mediterranean.
The main threats to the survival of the Mediterranean monk seal are habitat deterioration; deliberate killing, mainly by fishermen; and accidental entanglement and drowning in fishing gear. Limited availability of food sources and stochastic and unusual events have occasionally also contributed to Mediterranean monk seal mortality.
Based on a common consensus among scientists and conservationists, the main conservation priorities for the monk seal are: habitat protection; mitigating negative interactions between seals and fisheries; scientific research and monitoring of local seal populations; education and public awareness campaigns; and rescue and rehabilitation of wounded, sick, and orphaned seals.
Stable isotope analysis and fin whale subpopulation structure in the eastern North Atlantic
Authors: Vighi Morgana , Borrell Asunción , Aguilar Alex 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe North Atlantic fin whale was subject to heavy exploitation in the past and, despite partial recovery, it is still considered endangered. Recent research has questioned its currently accepted subpopulation structure and migratory movements, challenging management and conservation efforts. Here we contribute to this discussion by presenting results of stable isotope analysis of fin whale bones and krill samples collected from fin whale stomachs from two exploited areas, west Iceland and northwest Spain, and comparing these results with North Atlantic isoscapes. In krill, δ15N values were highly variable and no significant differences in δ15N and δ13C between areas emerged. δ15N and δ13C values in bone were higher than in krill, due to trophic enrichment, and were not significantly different between areas. Both krill and bone results were slightly inconsistent with the local isoscapes, maybe due to seasonal variations in local productivity and in krill diet and, in the case of bone, to its capability to integrate long‐term isotopic values, derived from food consumed in distant areas. Conversely, δ18O values, which reflect the basal signal of sea water, were consistent with isoscapes and significantly higher in whales from northwestern Spain, possibly indicating migration to breeding grounds located at lower latitudes.
Fluoride content of retail tea bags and estimates of daily fluoride consumption from typical tea drinking in UK adults and children
Authors: Ruxton C. H. S. , Bond T. J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThere are concerns that tea could provide fluoride (F‐) intakes that exceed safe limits. However, F‐ intakes at the recommended daily allowance (RDA) can support dental health. Benefits and risks were explored in an analysis of UK retail teas. Samples of 49 tea bags and infusions (black blended, speciality/single estate, decaffeinated) were analysed for F‐/kg dry weight using an ion selective electrode. Standardised infusions were prepared and analysed as for dry tea. Daily F‐ from tea was estimated by combining estimated UK tea consumption with F‐ in black blended tea. Findings showed that mean F‐/kg dry weight was 1164 mg black blended, 877 mg speciality and 1464 mg decaffeinated. Infusions contained 4.91 mg/l black blended, 3.0 mg/l speciality and 7 mg/l decaffeinated equating to 0.72–1.68 mg of F‐ per serving. Based on population means and 95th percentile intakes of tea, including non‐consumers, daily F‐ intakes from tea were less than the RDA and adequate intake (AI) (except for adults with intakes > 95th percentile) but also within age‐appropriate tolerable upper intake levels (UL) at both mean and 95th percentile tea intakes. After excluding non‐consumers, intakes of F‐ remained less than UL for all groups except those aged 1.5–3 years or ≥65 years with tea intakes > 95th percentile. In addition, mean F‐ intakes of all consumers aged less than 65 years were below AI, while F‐ intakes of those at the 95th centile of tea intake were above AI. This suggests tea can be consumed safely from age of 4 years. Some brands contained sufficient F‐ for a European Union (EU) health claim relating to strengthening and maintaining tooth enamel. In conclusion, typical tea consumption in the UK delivers F‐ within UL for most age groups not taking into account other sources of F‐, but greater dental health benefits might be achieved if average adult consumption were to rise to 4–5 servings per day.
Fibre – Need to increase intake according to new recommendations
Authors: Buttriss J. L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn its report on Carbohydrates and Health, the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) has recommended increases in the dietary reference values for fibre to 30 g/day for adults and 15–30 g/day for children, depending on their age. Intakes are currently much lower than this, at an average of 18 g/day in adults, less in children, and there are socio‐economic differences, with lower intakes in the lowest income quintile compared to the highest. Dietary modelling shows that achieving these recommendations is possible but will require substantial changes to dietary patterns for many, with meals based around fibre‐rich starchy foods (such as wholegrain and high‐fibre options of bread, breakfast cereals, pasta and rice, and jacket potatoes), supplemented by inclusion of high‐fibre snacks such as unsalted nuts and considerable amounts of vegetables and fruit, daily. This article discusses the challenges associated with communicating these new recommendations, in the context of current labelling legislation.
Understanding the impact of European Regulation on the substantiation and use of claims on food and drinks: Design of the REDICLAIM project and initial results
Authors: Raats M. M. , Malcolm R. N. , Lähteenmäki L. , Pravst I. , Gage H. , Cleary A. , Klopčič M. ,   the REDICLAIM Consortium
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe European Regulation on nutrition and health claims on foods (Nutrition and Health Claims Regulation: European Commission No. 1924/2006) establishes, for the first time, a common framework for the regulation of such claims across the European Union (EU). The opportunities for product innovation arising from this new legislation combined with protection of consumer interest in respect of controlling misleading advertising, while at the same time promoting public health, are noteworthy. But such opportunities need to be evaluated against the burden on industry of the need to undertake significant research activity into these claims and to present a scientific substantiation to satisfy the procedure for approval. Whether this legislation is driving product innovation and the development of healthy and nutritional food or whether it is a barrier to such developments is an area in need of investigation. The EU‐funded project REDICLAIM is currently considering these issues and the impact of the Nutrition and Health Claims Regulation especially in relation to ‘reduction of disease risk’ claims. This article establishes the issues surrounding the common framework of health legislation and sets out the work programme for REDICLAIM.
Working with difference: Thematic concepts of Japanese nurses working in New Zealand
Authors: Healee David , Inada Kumiko 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the differences experienced by Japanese nurses working in New Zealand from an organizational and personal perspective, using a qualitative approach. Interview data was analyzed using a thematic method to abstract increasing levels of themes until one main theme explained the data: finding a voice. This core theme demonstrated that Japanese nurses had to learn to accommodate difference while learning to speak up. Moreover, this needed to occur through a number of cultural filters. The principal conclusion was that migrant nurses face multiple personal and organizational challenges when working in a new environment. Finding a voice is the method in which nurses learn to communicate and work within new healthcare settings. Nurses use a number of filters to manage the transition. The host country needs to recognize these differences and accommodate them through orientation modules.
Association between job strain, mental health and empathy among intensive care nurses
Authors: Gosselin Emilie , Bourgault Patricia , Lavoie Stephan 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundNursing shortage is a worldwide issue. It could influence factors such as job strain, nurses' mental health and nurse empathy towards patients.AimThe aim of the study is to explore the associations between job strain, psychological distress, psychological well‐being and empathy in intensive care units (ICUs).DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive correlational design.MethodsData were collected using questionnaires and an observation tool completed by three observers during a standardized clinical simulation (SCS). A total of 26 nurses practicing in three ICUs participated in the study, which took place over 3 days in December 2011.ResultsOne dimension of job strain, psychological demand, was associated with two subscales of mental health (psychological distress positively and psychological well‐being negatively). Positive correlations were demonstrated between psychological distress and nurse empathy as perceived by both the observers and the actor who played the role of patient.ConclusionSome associations have been confirmed between job strain, psychological distress, psychological well‐being and empathy in the ICU while others needs further investigation.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is important to reduce psychological demand among intensive care nurses in order to prevent psychological distress. The exploration of the connection between empathy and psychological distress should be advanced. This study suggests that SCSs provide an innovative approach that is useful for research.