bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity assessment and antimicrobial effects of cell-free supernatants from probiotic lactic acid bacteria and yeast against multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Ozma Mahdi Asghari , Ghotaslou Reza , Asgharzadeh Mohammad , Abbasi Amin , Rezaee Mohammad Ahangarzadeh , Kafil Hossein Samadi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxicity activity of cell-free supernatants (CFSs) from probiotics, including Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae against multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli evaluated in current research. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the CFSs were determined by analyzing inhibition zone formation using agar disk diffusion for antibacterial activity, microtiter plate for biofilm analysis, and auto-aggregation were done. CFSs substances were analyzed by GC-MS. The MTT assay on HEK293 cells investigated CFS’s influence on cell viability. CFSs were examined for biofilm-related virulence genes, including aggR and fimH using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). All CFSs had bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects. The B. bifidum exhibited the highest antibiofilm activity compared to the others. Bifidobacterium bifidum, L. plantarum, and S. cerevisiae produce 19, 16, and 11 mm inhibition zones against E. coli, respectively. GC-MS indicated that Hydroxyacetone, 3-Hydroxybutyric acid, and Oxime-methoxy-phenyl-dominated CFSs from L. plantarum, B. bifidum, and S. cerevisiae CFSs, respectively. The MTT test demonstrated a cell viability rate of over 90%. Statistically, adding all CFSs lowered the relative expression of both aggR and fimH virulence genes.
Landscape of in situ cytokine expression, soluble C-type lectin receptors, and vitamin D in patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: Consuegra-Asprilla Jeiser Marcelo , Chaverra-Osorio Manuela , Torres Brajhan , Cabrera-Chingal Yuliana , Mancera-Mieles Angelica , Rodríguez-Echeverri Carolina , Gómez Beatriz L , González Ángel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The immunopathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is poorly understood. Recently, it was reported that patients with RVVC present a decrease in both the fungicidal capacity of neutrophils and the proliferative capability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to Candida albicans infection, suggesting an alteration in the innate and adaptive immune response. The aim of this study was to determine the in-situ expression, in the vaginal mucosa, of genes associated with the immune response, as well as the serum concentrations of dectin-1, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), and vitamin D in patients with RVVC. A study was carried out on 40 patients with a diagnosis of RVVC and 26 healthy women. Vaginal scrapings were obtained, and the expression of genes that encode cytokines and transcription factors specific for Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, pro-inflammatory profiles, and enzymes related to oxidative/microbicidal mechanisms was evaluated by quantitiative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Additionally, serum levels of vitamin D and the soluble receptors dectin-1 and MBL were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In patients with RVVC, a decreased expression of T-bet, RORγ-T, IL-1β, and IL-17, and an increase in the expression of FOXP3, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-18 were observed when compared to healthy women: moreover, decreased levels of MBL were also observed in these patients. These results confirm that patients with RVVC present in-situ alterations in both the specific and adaptive immune response against Candida spp., a fact that could be associated with the exaggerated vaginal inflammatory response.
Time from waking to the first cigarette and mortality and incident cardiovascular disease
Authors: Li Yanzhi , Lai Wenjian , Zhao Hao , Zhong Xiali , Guo Lan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate the associations of time from waking to the first cigarette (TWFC) with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and incident CVD among people smoking.

Methods
Data were from the UK Biobank, including 32 519 people smoking aged 40–70 years. TWFC was investigated using a touch-screen questionnaire. Outcomes included all-cause mortality and mortality from and incidence of CVD, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke.

Results
Compared with participants reporting TWFC &gt;120 min, those reporting TWFC between 61 and 120 min (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.10–1.53), TWFC between 5 and 60 min (1.48, 1.30–1.70) and TWFC &lt;5 min (1.65, 1.42–1.93) had a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Compared with participants reporting TWFC &gt;120 min, those reporting TWFC between 5 and 60 min and TWFC &lt;5 min had higher risks of CVD and IHD mortality and incident CVD and IHD, but those reporting TWFC between 61 and 120 min did not. The associations of TWFC with stroke mortality and incident stroke were not observed.

Conclusion
In this cohort study, a shorter TWFC was associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality, mortality from CVD and IHD, as well as incident CVD and IHD.
An Analysis of Curricular Structures in MD-PhD Programs in the United States
Authors: Roghmann Mary-Claire , Schimmenti Lisa A. , Williams Christopher S. , Swartz Talia H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study describes the structure and timing of the clinical education components of MD-PhD programs to illustrate how variations in preclerkship curriculum correlate with the opportunity for early clinical exposure and other key program characteristics.

Method
A survey was disseminated to U.S. MD-PhD programs on May 25, 2022, asking about the preclerkship curriculum length (long [> 18 months], medium [13–18 months], or short [12 months]), United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 timing (relative to the PhD training and clerkships), and opportunity for clerkships before the PhD phase. This survey was supplemented with data from publicly available sources to include 92 MD-PhD programs.

Results
This study found a wide range of MD-PhD clinical curricula. A strong association was found between shorter preclerkship curriculum length and the opportunity for clerkships before the PhD (10 of 50 programs [20%] with long preclerkship curriculum, 19 of 35 programs [54%] with medium preclerkship curriculum, and 7 of 7 programs [100%] with short preclerkship curriculum; P < .001). Variations in United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 timing also exist based on preclerkship curriculum length and the opportunity for clerkships before the PhD. Shorter preclerkship curriculum length was associated with National Institutes of Health funding of the MD-PhD program (20 [40%] of long, 25 [69%] of medium, and 6 [86%] of short preclerkship curricula; P = .006) and larger MD-PhD program size (35 students with long, 70 with medium, and 86 with short preclerkship curricula; P < .001). Preclerkship curriculum length was not associated with public vs private medical schools, although the West had shorter preclerkship curricula.

Conclusions
This study underscores the need for collaborative efforts to gain insights into the effectiveness and implications of educational interventions in MD-PhD programs, ultimately informing future training strategies and policies.
Differentiating Between Knee Septic Arthritis and Lyme Arthritis in Children: A Clinical Prediction Algorithm for a Geographically Diverse Population
Authors: Li Ying , Bommineni Maanasa , Baldwin Keith D. , Sanborn Ryan M. , Cook Danielle , Shore Benjamin J. ,   Children’s Orthopaedic Trauma and Infection Consortium for Evidence-Based Studies (CORTICES) Study Group
Published: September 2024

Background:
Knee septic arthritis (SA) and Lyme arthritis (LA) often have similar presentations but bacterial SA necessitates urgent surgery. Predictive factors for differentiating SA and other infectious/inflammatory conditions have been published. Our purpose was to test these algorithms using a retrospective multicenter musculoskeletal infection database.

Methods:
Patients ≤18 years old with isolated knee SA or LA were identified. Diagnostic criteria for SA were synovial WBC count >50,000 cells/mm3, imaging with fluid aspiration suggestive of SA, or joint aspirate/tissue sample cultured positive for bacteria. Diagnostic criteria for LA was positive Lyme titer. Demographics, weightbearing status, admission vitals, and laboratory tests were collected. Predictive factors from Baldwin criteria for differentiating knee SA and LA, and Kocher criteria for differentiating hip SA and transient synovitis were tested.

Results:
One hundred fifty-five patients (119 SA and 36 LA) were analyzed. Patients with SA were younger (2.2 vs. 8.0 y), more nonweightbearing (74% vs. 33%), had a higher pulse (127 vs. 106), and higher WBC (12.4 vs. 10.2) (all P<0.001).
Baldwin criteria (pain with joint motion, history of fever, CRP >40 mg/L, age <2 y) were tested. Pain with motion was not collected in our database. Of the remaining factors, the probability of SA was 63% with 0 and 92% with 3 factors (AUC 0.64). Kocher criteria (nonweightbearing, temperature >101.3°F, WBC >12.0, ESR >40) and CRP >20 mg/L were also tested. The probability of SA was 41% with 0 and 96% with all factors (AUC 0.69).
Using our cohort data, regression analysis with backward stepwise elimination determined that age <4 years, nonweightbearing, admission WBC >13.0, platelets <325, and ESR >70 were predictive factors for SA. The probability of SA with 0 factors was 16%, 1 factor 52%, 2 factors 86%, 3 factors 97%, and 4 factors 100% (AUC 0.86).

Conclusions:
Our model identified age <4 years, nonweightbearing, admission WBC >13.0, platelets <325, and ESR >70 as independent predictive factors for knee SA. The more factors present, the higher the likelihood of having SA versus LA.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic level III.
Evaluating Learning by Assessing Patient Outcomes in a Student Pro Bono Clinic: A Case Report
Authors: Yorke Amy M. , James Rebecca , Smith Chelsie , Reed Luke , Smith Leslie , Trojanowski Suzanne 
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose.
In 2020, a clinical practice guideline (CPG) highly recommended high-intensity gait training (HIGT) to improve walking outcomes in adults with chronic stroke, incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI), and brain injury. The success of implementing a CPG into a student-run pro bono clinic (SRPBC) utilizing knowledge translation (KT) to assess student learning is not well described. The purpose of this case report is to describe student learning by assessing the fidelity of HIGT implementation (time spent in HIGT and level of cardiovascular intensity) in a SRPBC.

Case Description.
MoveMore is a HIGT program delivered by Doctor of Physical Therapy students and Bachelor of Science in Nursing in a SRPBC.

Outcomes.
During Spring/Summer 2023, 24 physical therapy students, 10 nursing students, and 13 community partners (12 diagnosed with stroke, 1 with incomplete SCI) participated in MoveMore. The average time students engaged the community partners in HIGT was 46 minutes (range 32–54), while only 6 community partners spent a minimum of 13% of the time in the target heart rate zone.

Discussion and Conclusion.
Students delivering HIGT are able to engage community partners for time parameters aligning with the locomotor CPG; however, they are not successful in having a person with stroke/incomplete SCI consistently reach a moderate to high level of cardiovascular intensity. Using KT to implement a CPG and tracking patient outcomes allows physical therapy educators to assess student learning.
Prospective Multicenter Study to Clarify the Frequency of Peristomal Skin Disorders and Appropriate Evaluation Time in Patients with Malignant Rectal Tumors
Authors: Shiraishi Takuya , Nishizawa Yuji , Nakajima Mifumi , Kado Ryoko , Ogawa Hiroomi , Naomi Satoh , Owada Yohei , Enomoto Tsuyoshi , Yazawa Shinji , Hamahata Yukihiro , Isogami Yumi , Kitagawa Kazuo , Sakamoto Maki , Enomoto Hiroya , Egawa Akiko , Kitaguchi Daichi , Hasegawa Hiro , Ikeda Koji , Tsukada Yuichiro , Ito Masaaki 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to understand the effectiveness of regular care in reducing the incidence of severe peristomal skin disorders, as well as to identify their risk factors.

Summary Background Data:
Peristomal skin disorders occur frequently in outpatient settings and require appropriate intervention. It remains, however, to be demonstrated when the need to follow up these patients decreases and whether assessing severity of peristomal skin disorders is useful.

Methods:
This prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study was conducted in six regional high-volume Japanese hospitals. The primary endpoint of the study was the effectiveness of regular follow-up in reducing the incidence of severe peristomal skin disorders via a scoring system at a defined regular outpatient visit. Propensity score matching was performed to compare a control group and patients with severe peristomal skin disorders.

Results:
In total, 217 patients between December 2019 and December 2021 were enrolled, and 191 patients were analyzed. Multivariate analysis showed that loop stoma (odds ratio [OR], 5.017; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.350–18.639; P=0.016) and stoma height of <10 mm (OR, 7.831; 95% CI, 1.760–34.838; P=0.007) were independent risk factors for all peristomal skin disorders. After propensity score matching, the incidence of the disorders was not significantly different between the specified evaluation timing and historical control groups (75.7% vs. 77.2%, P=0.775), and the incidence of the severe disorders based on the ABCD and DET scores (5.9% vs. 19.1%, P<0.001 and 1.5% vs. 29.4%, P<0.001, respectively) was significantly lower in the specified evaluation timing group than in the historical control group.

Conclusion:
Regular peristomal skin disease follow-up and scoring, as well as appropriate stoma care at the stoma outpatient visit did not change the frequency of peristomal skin disease, but severe peristomal skin disorders were prevented. Additionally, risk factors for peristomal skin disorders were found to be height <10 mm and loop stoma.
Acute kidney injury in the acute care surgery patient: What you need to know
Authors: Villegas Cassandra V. , Gorman Elizabeth , Liu Frank M. , Winchell Robert J. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Acute kidney injury is associated with poor outcomes in the trauma and emergency general surgery population, and recent consensus definitions have allowed for significant advances in defining the burden of disease. The current definitions rely on overall functional measures (i.e., serum creatinine and urine output), which can be confounded by a variety of clinical factors. Biomarkers are increasingly being investigated as more direct diagnostic assays for the diagnosis of acute kidney injury and may allow earlier detection and more timely therapeutic intervention. Etiologies fall into two general categories: disorders of renal perfusion and exposure to nephrotoxic agents. Therapy is largely supportive, and prevention offers the best chance to decrease clinical impact.
Anatomy of the interchondral joints and the effects on mobility of ribs
Authors: Akyeampong Daniel , Hoey Alexander , Patel Arjun , Privette Alicia R. , Ganske William , Halmark John , Muir Cassidy , Kubalak Steven W. , Eriksson Evert A. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
Variations in the anatomy of the anterior rib cage and costal margin have been observed. We sought to evaluate the location of interchondral joints and evaluate their effect on mobility of the rib cage.

METHODS
Cadaveric dissections were performed to evaluate the anatomy of the anterior ribs and the composition of the costal margin. Experienced chest wall surgeons and anatomists evaluated this anatomy through a standardized dissection and assessment. The presence of interchondral joints, and morphology and mobility of ribs were quantified. In addition, the movement and interactions of the ribs with upward pressure on the costal margin at the tip of the 10th rib were assessed.

RESULTS
Twenty-eight cadavers were evaluated bilaterally. In all patients, the first rib attached to the manubrium, the second rib attached to the sternal/manubrial junction, and ribs 3 to 6 attached directly to the sternum. Interchondral joints were present between ribs 4/5 in 0%, 5/6 in 35%, 6/7 in 96%, and 7/8 in 96%. The eighth/ninth ribs had free tips in 58% and 92%, respectively, and 10th rib was floating in 46%. Upward pressure on the costal margin resulted in compression of the ribs up to, on average, the 5.7 ± 0.6 rib with no compression above this level. This level corresponded to the rib interspace just above the most superior interchondral joint in 98% of evaluation. The transmission of these upward forces demonstrated an articulation of the ribs at the costal cartilage-sternal junction in the lower ribs.

CONCLUSION
Bridging interchondral joints are common between ribs 5 to 8 and participate in distributing forces from the costal margin across the chest wall. Upward forces at the costal margin are transmitted across the lower rib cage and result in increased mobility of the lower half of the ribs. The eighth/ninth ribs often have mobile tips, and the 10th is often a floating rib.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.
Peripheral Inflammation is accompanied by Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Mice
Authors: Kazeem Afolashade , Ge Chuang , Tajerian Maral 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionChronic pain is a disabling condition that is accompanied by neuropsychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive decline. While the peripheral alterations are well-studied, we lack an understanding of how these peripheral changes can result in long-lasting brain alterations and the ensuing behavioral phenotypes. This study aims to quantify changes in cerebral blood perfusion using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) in the murine Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) model of unilateral peripheral inflammation.MethodsTwenty female and 24 male adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to control (0.05ml saline) or 1 of 3 experimental groups receiving CFA (0.01ml, 0.05ml, and 0.1ml) on the right hindpaw. Three days after the intraplantar injections, animals were assessed for signs of pain (von Frey), working memory (y-maze), and anxiety (zero maze and open field), and subjected to craniotomy andin vivoLSCI of the parietal-temporal lobes.ResultsUnilateral administration of CFA resulted in signs of local inflammation, decreased mechanical thresholds on the affected hindpaw, signs of anxiety in the zero maze, as well as cerebral hypoperfusion in dose-dependent manner.DiscussionTo our knowledge, this is the first study using laser speckle contrast imaging to examine the effects of CFA-induced peripheral inflammation on cerebral blood perfusion. It serves as a first step in delineating the path by which insult to peripheral tissues can cause long-lasting brain plasticity via vascular mechanisms.
Computational identification of small molecules for increased gene expression by synthetic circuits in mammalian cells
Authors: Pisani M , Calandra F , Rinaldi A , Cella F , Tedeschi F , Boffa I , Brunetti-Pierri N , Carissimo A , Napolitano F , Siciliano V 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEngineering mammalian cells with synthetic circuits is leading the charge in next generation biotherapeutics and industrial biotech innovation. However, applications often depend on the cells’ productive capacity, which is limited by the finite cellular resources available. We have previously shown that cells engineered with incoherent feedforward loops (iFFL-cells) operate at higher capacity than those engineered with the open loop (OL). Here, we performed RNA-sequencing on cells expressing the iFFL and utilized DECCODE, an unbiased computational method, to match our data with thousands of drug-induced transcriptional profiles. DECCODE identified compounds that consistently enhance expression of both transiently and stably expressed genetic payloads across various experimental scenarios and cell lines, while also reducing external perturbations on integrated genes. Further, we show that drug treatment enhances the rate of AAV and lentivirus transduction, facilitating the prototyping of genetic devices for gene and cell therapies. Altogether, despite limiting intracellular resources is a pervasive, and strongly cell-dependent problem, we provide a versatile tool for a wide range of biomedical and industrial applications that demand enhanced productivity from engineered cells.
Mobile money, digital financial inclusion, and evidence on saving and borrowing
Authors: Sabbaghi Omid 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate access to mobile money services and its relationship to financial planning for adults with mobile phones across different countries in different income groups.

Design/methodology/approach
Using new survey data from the Global Findex Database over the 2021–2022 time period, this study applies traditional cross-sectional regressions in investigating the relationship between access to mobile money accounts and the proportion of adults that save and borrow across different countries in different income groups.

Findings
This study provides findings on population dynamics, the percentage of adults who own mobile phones, the percentage of adults that own mobile money accounts, and the percentage of adults who save and borrow through mobile money accounts across different countries in different income groups. Results of the cross-sectional regressions indicate a positive relationship between saving and borrowing in relation to access to mobile money accounts across different countries in different income groups. The empirical results are robust after controlling for financial literacy, and moreover, suggest a relatively stronger effect for saving relative to borrowing.

Originality/value
This study proposes a novel approach toward examining the relationship between access to mobile money accounts and the proportion of adults that save and borrow. This study quantifies the aggregate impact of mobile money access on saving and borrowing based on a new cross-sectional data set for different countries in different income groups.
Did they mean that? The effect of cyber incivility on older worker vitality, vigor, and turnover
Authors: Baker Courtney L. , De Bruin Rushika , Finkelstein Lisa M. 
Published: September 2024

PurposeIncivility can be used to target minority groups as a form of discrimination. This paper aimed to assess the extent to which older workers are particularly targeted by cyber incivility.Design/methodology/approachStudy 1 used a cross-sectional design via an online crowdsourcing platform (N = 208). Study 2 (N = 227) employed a daily diary approach with an age diverse sample.FindingsAge does not directly affect perceptions of cyber incivility, but moderates the relationships between cyber incivility and vitality and vigor. In Study 1, older workers experienced a weaker relationship between perceptions of cyber incivility and increased reports of vigor. Conversely, in Study 2, older workers who experienced cyber incivility reported reduced daily vitality both on the same day and the following day.Originality/valueThe discussion explores the nuances of vigor and vitality in older workers. Additionally, despite research on selective incivility, these studies suggest that while older workers may not be selectively targeted for cyber incivility, they struggle more with its repercussions.