bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formación para la investigación en la Escuela de Posgrado de la Universidad Alas Peruanas (Training for research in the Postgraduate School of the University Alas Peruanas)
Authors: Ramírez Johana , Auqui María , Cucho Richard 
Published: January 2018

El objetivo de esta investigación es describir el marco de la formación para la investigación en la Escuela de Posgrado de la Universidad Alas Peruanas, para determinar cómo esta se lleva a cabo por parte de los docentes y su incidencia en el desempeño académico de los maestristas y doctorandos en el proceso de la investigación científica.El diseño metodológico se centra en la utilización de un enfoque cuantitativo. Para lo cual se seleccionó los trabajos de investigación del doctorado del periodo 2016 de la Escuela de Posgrado de la Universidad Alas Peruanas. La determinación de la población fue de 129 tesis doctorales presentadas para su sustentación, siendo la muestra optima 97 tesis del doctorado. Para la recolección de datos, se aplicó un cuestionario, entrevistas estructuradas, grupos de discusión y análisis documental. El proceso de análisis se llevó a cabo utilizando el programa estadístico SPSS y el procesador de textos Word, para luego realizar la triangulación de datos. Los resultados de la investigación nos evidencia la necesidad de fortalecer la formación para la investigación en los alumnos de la Escuela de Posgrado de la Universidad Alas Peruanas.En lo concerniente a los docentes, maestristas, doctorandos y personal involucrado de la EPG de la UAP.
Salud y conservación de la pava aliblanca Penelope albipennis (Cracidae)
Authors: Cavero Aponte Tatiana , Samamé Beltrén Hugo 
Published: January 2018

El bosque seco del Perú alberga grandes concentraciones de flora y fauna de distribución restringida. Una de las especies más amenazadas es la pava aliblanca Penelope albipennis, con una población estimada de 250 aves. Desde su redescubrimiento, se desarrolla en Lambayeque un Programa de conservación, que incluye cría en cautiverio, traslocación y reintroducción; y con la meta final de devolver a esta especie a su hábitat histórico, capaz de reproducirse y de mantener una población viable. Solo con un claro conocimiento de su salud y enfermedad, es posible tomar decisiones relacionadas al cautiverio y reintroducción. Para esto, el objetivo deidentificar la exposición a enfermedades bacteriales y virales de importancia aviar, considerando también a las aves domésticas de los alrededores del zoocriadero. Los resultados muestran que las pavas han sido expuestas a enfermedades en bajo grado mientras que las aves domésticas lo han sido en alto grado, demostrando enfermedad activa. Esta zona es la mayor fuente de exposición hacia las pavas aliblancas. Estos resultados han permitido: 1) evaluar el estado actual de salud de las pavas y los riesgos en la población en cautiverio, 2) determinar acciones preventivas en el zoocriadero para evitar introducir patógenos al medio silvestre. El objetivo de cualquier reintroducción debe ser el de apoyar a las poblaciones silvestres sin dañarlas con la introducción de patógenos desde el cautiverio.Palabras clave: bosque seco, pava aliblanca, aves domésticas, enfermedades, reintroducción.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/CienciayDesarrollo.2006.v6.04
Tratamiento de los aceites vegetales usados, como materia prima para la elaboración de biodiésel en la ciudad de Arequipa
Authors: Sotomayor Zúñiga Rosa María , Huaco Álamo Hortencia Elena , Cuentas Machicao Rafael 
Published: January 2018

Las hipótesis de la investigación son: a) Se puede obtener combustible ecológico (biodiésel) a partir de aceites usados, mediante la transesterificación, usando alcohol etílico, y b) Se puede disminuir el grado de contaminación de las aguas efluentes de los principales restaurantes de Arequipa, mediante el tratamiento de los aceites usados que se generan y a través de asesoramiento técnico correspondiente en la separación de este desecho.Para la investigación se tomaron en cuenta las siguientes variables: a)Variables dependientes: calidad del biodiesel, punto de inflamación, % de agua y sedimentos, temperatura de destilación, gravedad API, y b) Variables independientes: % de agua y sedimentos de los aceites usados, pH de aceites usados, temperatura de la materia prima en el proceso, temperatura de la reacción, razón alcohol/aceite, concentración y tipo de catalizador, RPM de agitador.Palabras clave: biodiésel, combustible ecológico.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/CienciayDesarrollo.2006.v7.06
Compilación del patrimonio monumental, casonas e iglesias de la provincia de Arequipa
Authors: Arce Figueroa Mappy , Linares Pacheco Manuel , Delgado Barreda Luis 
Published: January 2018

Esta investigación tiene carácter metodológico y es de trascendencia local y nacional. Es asimismo una investigación viable porque se cuenta con los recursos humanos, económicos y materiales para su ejecución.La labor de trascripción de los datos obtenidos en las fichas de trabajo es lo que consideramos de mayor importancia, toda vez que ha permitido una exitosa selección del material censado.Hemos cumplido de esta manera con uno de los objetivos del gobierno regional, cual es el de registrar documentalmente el patrimonio monumental (casonas e iglesias) de la provincia de Arequipa y susdistritos.Palabras clave: patrimonio monumental, centros históricos, arquitectura religiosa.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/CienciayDesarrollo.2006.v7.09
Elaboración de bebida filtrante de la hoja Morus alba L con efecto hipoglucemiante
Authors: Ccopa Ihui Giovanna , Quispe Cruz Ruth , Fernández Ccapatinta Karina 
Published: January 2018

En el presente trabajo de investigación se evaluó el efecto reductor sobre la hiperglucemia (niveles de azúcar altos) del Morus alba L. (mora blanca) en ratas inducidas a la diabetes experimental a nivel de laboratorio.Luego de las pruebas bioquímicas con respecto al efecto hipoglucemiante (niveles de azúcar bajos) de la mora, se concluyó que en su composición intervienen flavonoides, sustancias que participan a nivel celular en la disminución de azúcar en la sangre.Con esta información se busca otorgar una alternativa a las personas que sufren de diabetes, ofreciéndoles una bebida filtrante exclusivamente a base de las hojas de mora, a fin de mejorar la calidadde vida a los pacientes diabéticos.Palabras clave: Hiperglucemia, flavonoides, diabetes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/CienciayDesarrollo.2008.v9.07
Did Prasugrel and Ticagrelor Offer the Same Benefit in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes after Percutaneous Coronary Interventions Compared to Clopidogrel? Insights from Randomized Clinical Trials, Registries and Meta-analysis
Authors: Rodriguez Alfredo E. , Rodriguez-Granillo Alfredo M. , Ascarrunz Sergio D. , Peralta-Bazan Francisco , Cho Mi Y. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
According to ACC/ AHA guidelines, a minimum of 1 year of dual anti- platelet therapy
(DAPT) consisting of aspirin and a platelet ADP-receptor antagonist (P2Y12 inhibitor) is recommended for patients
presenting acute coronary syndromes (ACS), regardless of which type of revascularization is performed
during the acute event.

Methods:
The purpose of this presentation was to review the present data either from a direct randomized comparison
among the three compounds and also large prospective observational registries and meta-analysis were
analyzed in detail. With this aim, we performed an extensive large search from PubMed/Medline Journals identifying
studies comparing fashion the new P2Y12 inhibitors in patients with ACS including ST elevation myocardial
infarction (STEMI) in direct and indirect manner.

Results:
Pivotal large randomized clinical trials (RCT) in patients with ACS including STEMI, comparing clopidogrel,
a first generation P2Y12 inhibitor against the newer prasugrel and ticagrelor showed major efficacy advantages
of the latters although both drugs had more bleeding risk than clopidogrel. Direct comparisons of prasugrel
and ticagrelor from large RCT are not yet available, however, several observational registries and metaanalysis
reported results from an indirect comparison between both compounds. Major findings and limitations of
each of these studies were identified, highlighted and discussed.

Conclusion:
Prasugrel and ticagrelor are both more effective than clopidogrel to prevent adverse cardiac events
in patients with ACS. Compared to ticagrelor, prasugrel appears to be more effective in patients with STEMI,
although lack of randomized data didn’t allow to draw definitive conclusions.
Amygdalin from Apricot Kernels Induces Apoptosis and Causes Cell Cycle Arrest in Cancer Cells: An Updated Review
Authors: Saleem Mohammad , Asif Jawaria , Asif Muhammad , Saleem Uzma 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glycoside which is described as a naturally occurring anticancer
agent. Current review highlights apoptosis-inducing attributes of amygdalin towards different cancers and its
potential application as an anti-cancer agent in cancer therapy.

Method:
Data about amygdalin was retrieved from all major scientific databases i.e., PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google
Scholar, Scopus and Medline by using combination of keywords like amygdalin, apoptosis, laetrile, vitamin B-
17, pro-apoptotic proteins, anti-apoptotic proteins, hydrogen cyanide, mechanism of action of amygdalin and
amygdalin therapy on humans. However, no specific time frame was followed for collection of data.

Results:
Data collected from already published articles revealed that apoptosis is a central process activated by
amygdalin in cancer cells. It is suggested to stimulate apoptotic process by upregulating expression of Bax (proapoptotic
protein) and caspase-3 and downregulating expression of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein). It also promotes
arrest of cell cycle in G0/G1 phase and decrease number of cells entering S and G2/M phases. Thus, it is proposed
to enhance deceleration of cell cycle by blocking cell proliferation and growth.

Conclusion:
The current review epitomizes published information and provides complete interpretations about all
known anti-cancer mechanisms of amygdalin, possible role of naturally occurring amygdalin in fight against cancer
and mistaken belief about cyanide toxicity causing potential of amygdalin. However, well-planned clinical trials are
still needed to be conducted to prove effectiveness of this substance in vivo and to get approval for human use.
Seaport Concept and Services Characteristics: Theoretical Test
Authors: Hlali Arbia , Hammami Sami 
Published: January 2018

Introduction:
The main purpose of this paper is to illustrate the meaning of seaport concepts with different vision, than to examine the characteristics of transport services which are related to the seaport services and their users.

Concepts:
The study shows that seaport concept is in evolution over time and also, is a relative concept which is changing among the world process shifting and development.

Conclusion:
The study proves that the transport services have distinctive characteristics. In addition, seaport considered several services for different users. Therefore, its customers are commonly the chargers and ship-owners.
Fungal Population of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Kernels Affected by Water Activity During Storage
Authors: Nurtjahja Kiki , Dharmaputra Okky Setyawati , Rahayu Winiati Pudji , Syarief Rizal 
Published: January 2018

The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of various water activities (aw) on fungal population in nutmeg kernels during storage. The seed nutmegs were obtained from ripe fruits one week after they fell on the ground in North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The kernels (moisture content ± 10%) were stored 0, 15, and 30 days in various aw (0.75, 0.80, 0.83, 0.90, 0.97) using saturated salt solutions at 29 °C in sorption containers. Serial dilution method followed by a pour-plate method in Dichloran 18% Glycerol Agar (DG18) was used to isolate and quantify the fungal population. Results revealed that kernels stored at aw = 0.75 was not significantly (p < 0.05) different from at aw = 0.80-0.83. Fungal population of kernels determined aw and significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by duration of storage. Range of aw 0.80-0.83 has a smaller total fungal population than aw ≥ 0.90. Thirteen different genera/species were isolated and identified including Aspergillus and Eurotium (6 species), Penicillium (3 species), Fusarium (2 species), 1 species each of Cladosporium or Syncephalastrum, and isolate A. The largest total fungal population (5.0×105 CFU g-1) was present at the beginning of storage (aw = 0.97) and it was dominated by Penicillium citrinum (2.6×105 CFU g-1) followed by Cladosporium cladosporioides (1.7×105 CFU g-1). After 30 days of storage (aw = 0.97) the population of P. citrinum was still dominant with a population of 2.4×104 CFU g-1. Eurotium chevalieri followed with a population of 1.2×104 CFU g-1.
Transesterifikasi In Situ Biji Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana L) Menggunakan Metanol Daur Ulang dengan Bantuan Gelombang Ultrasonik
Authors: Mahlinda Mahlinda , Busthan Meuthia 
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of the use of recovered methanol for in situ transesterification reaction candlenut seed (Aleurites moluccana L) as a biodiesel bysonication. The influence of the ratio of recovered methanol to seed, catalyst concentration, reaction time and the temperature was investigated. Important properties of biodiesel such as density, viscosity and acid number were checked according to SNI 7182:2012 standards. The result showed that the maximum yield which has been obtained was 57,85% at recovered methanol to seed ratio 40:1, catalyst concentration 4%, reaction temperature 65 °C and reaction time 80 minutes. The test result of biodiesel properties showed that two parameters (density and viscosity) were conformed to SNI 7182:2012 standards, meanwhile acid value was higher than the maximum standards. In conclusion, the recovered methanol was feasible to produce biodiesel via in situ transesterification but the yield was lower if compared with the use of fresh methanol. ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari penggunaan metanol daur ulang pada reaksi transesterifikasi in situ biji kemiri (Aleurites moluccana L) menjadi biodiesel menggunakan radiasi gelombang ultrasonik. Pengaruh dari rasio metanol daur ulang terhadap biji, jumlah katalis, waktu reaksi dan temperatur telah diteliti. Sifat penting dari biodiesel seperti densitas, viskositas dan bilangan asam telah diuji menurut satandar SNI 7182:2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen maksimum yang dapat diperoleh adalah 57,85% pada rasio metanol daur ulang tehadap biji 40:1, jumlah katalis 4%, temperatur reaksi 65 °C dan waktu reaksi 80 menit. Hasil pengujian sifat biodiesel menunjukkan bahwa dua paramater (densitas dan viskositas) telah memenuhi standar SNI 7182:2012, sementara bilangan asam lebih tinggi dari standar maksimum. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa metanol daur ulang cocok untuk memproduksi biodiesel secara in situ transesterifikasi tetapi rendemennya lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan penggunaan metanol baru.Kata kunci: Biodiesel; kemiri; transesterifikasi in situ; metanol daur ulang
Identifikasi Gen Transgenik pada Produk Susu Bubuk Kedelai dan Susu Formula Soya dengan Metode PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
Authors: Wardani Agustin Krisna , Alirsyah Annisa , Fauziah Ana 
Published: January 2018

The need of soybean that reached up to 2,2 million tons per year has made Indonesia imports this commodity 1,62 million tons from countries that adopt Genetically Modified (GM) soybean. By the presence of GM soybeans in Indonesia, Genetically Modified Product (GMP) labelling has need to be done. Detection of GMP can be done by using PCR. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of trangenic genetic material in soy milk powder and soy formula products to classify as GMP. Another goal was to determine the optimum annealing temperature of the primers used. Based on this study, the optimum annealing temperature of the CaMV 35S primer and the EPSPS-CP4 primer was 60oC and 59oC. The NOS terminator primer’s optimum annealing temperature was not found. 6 soy milk powder samples and 5 soy formula samples are might be determined to be using transgenic soybeans due to the presence of EPSPS-CP4 genes and CaMV 35S promotor genes. Therefore, those 11 samples were classified as GMP.ABSTRAK Kebutuhan kedelai yang mencapai 2,2 juta ton/tahun memaksa Indonesia mengimpor sebanyak 1,62 juta ton. Sebagian besar kedelai impor berupa kedelai transgenik. Dengan munculnya kedelai transgenik di Indonesia, perlu adanya pelabelan Produk Rekayasa Genetika (PRG) untuk memenuhi hak-hak konsumen. Teknik yang dilakukan untuk mendeteksi PRG salah satunya menggunakan metode PCR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya gen transgenik pada produk susu bubuk kedelai dan formula soya, sehingga produk dapat digolongkan sebagai PRG atau tidak. Selain itu juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui suhu annealing optimum pada primer yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan suhu annealing optimum primer CaMV 35S promotor adalah 60oC. Sedangkan untuk primer gen EPSPS-CP4 suhu annealing optimumnya 59oC. Untuk primer NOS terminator suhu annealing optimum tidak ditemukan. Dari amplifikasi DNA sampel, 6 sampel susu bubuk kedelai dan 5 sampel formula soya terdapat sisipan gen EPSPS-CP4 dan gen Promotor CaMV 35S. Dengan demikian 11 sampel tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai PRG. Kata kunci: Produk rekayasa genetika; PCR; formula soya; susu kedelai bubuk; kedelai transgenik
Perbaikan Metode Ekstraksi dsRNA Virus secara Sederhana untuk RT-PCR Tiga Virus Tumbuhan
Authors: Endarsih Wiwik , Hartono Sedyo , Sulandari Sri 
Published: January 2018

Replicative form (RF) of RNA viruses are dsRNA structured nucleic acid, always found in plants infected by RNA virus. The principle of dsRNA extraction is based on the different affinity of nucleic acids for the cellulose powder and the specific adsorption in 16.6% ethanol buffer. The study aims to develop the simple dsRNA extraction method for the preparation of RT-PCR detection for Rehmannia mosaic virus (ReMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), and compared with commercial kit. The analysis was performed by quantification of nucleic acid with spectrophotometer, efficiency of method (level of complexity, time, cost per reaction) and sequencing. The RNA concentration with simple methode of dsRNA extraction was lower than kit extraction method but the both methods have same pure RNA result. The PCR and sequencing result showed that viral pathogen of pepper, tobacco, and tomato leaf was CMV, ReMV, and ToCV, respectively with amplicon size at 500, 568, and 360 bp. This method is quite cheap and the RNA quantity is proportional to the commercial kit. The simple method of dsRNA extraction can be proposed for the preparation of RT-PCR detection for CMV, ReMV, ToCV. IntisariReplicative form (RF) virus RNA merupakan asam nukleat berstruktur dsRNA, selalu ditemukan pada tumbuhan terinfeksi oleh virus RNA. Prinsip kerja ekstraksi dsRNA berdasarkan afinitas serbuk selulosa terhadap asam nukleat dan adsorbsi spesifik dsRNA pada konsentrasi etanol 16,6 %. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode ekstraksi dsRNA secara sederhana untuk preparasi deteksi RT-PCR terhadap Rehmannia mosaic virus (ReMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) dan dibandingkan dengan kit komersil. Data yang dibandingkan adalah kuantitas asam nukleat, analisa efisiensi metode (tingkat kerumitan, waktu, biaya per reaksi) serta sekuensing. Konsentrasi RNA hasil ekstraksi metode dsRNA secara sederhana lebih rendah dibanding dengan metode kit, namun kedua metode menghasilkan RNA yang murni. Berdasarkan hasil PCR dan sekuensing disimpulkan bahwa virus penyebab mosaik daun lada dan tembakau serta klorosis daun tomat berturut-turut adalah CMV, ReMV, dan ToCV dengan ukuran amplikon berturut turut 500, 568 dan 360 pb. Metode ini cukup murah dan kuantitas RNA yang dihasilkan sebanding dengan kit komersil. Ekstraksi RNA menggunakan metode dsRNA secara sederhana dapat dikembangkan untuk preparasi deteksi RT-PCR terhadap CMV, ReMV, ToCV.
Influence of Exposure to an Aggressive Environment on Cyclic Fatigue Response and Life of an Alloy Steel
Authors: Srivatsan Tirumalai , Manigandan K. , Patnaika A. , Srivatsan T.S. 
Published: January 2018

Corrosion or environment-induced degradation often occurs in structural steel as an electrochemical process which leads to gradual loss in mass over a period when subjected to prolonged exposure to an aggressive environment. Immediate effects of this environment-induced degradation, also referred to in industry circles as corrosion, includes a progressive reduction of the cross section, which in turn has a detrimental influence on stiffness and load carrying capacity of the components in a structure, such as a bridge, a stiffened panel or a building. Due to its high strength, low alloy A572 Grade 50 steel is a potentially viable candidate for a wide range of applications in the construction industry. However, like in other high strength alloy steels, A572 is vulnerable to the effects of degradation-induced by the environment owing to its chemical composition. This paper discusses the details of tests conducted to determine the fatigue properties of A572 steel after inducing uniform environment-induced degradation or corrosion. Flat (rectangular dog-bone shaped) specimens, conforming to specifications detailed in ASTM E8 standard, were used in this study. A technique that was developed by the ASTM and General Motors Corporation (GM) [called GMW14872] for a controlled corrosion process based on use of the spray technique was used to induce accelerated corrosion on selected test specimens in an environment chamber. Stress-controlled high cycle fatigue tests were conducted on the corroded test specimens and compared with the as-new, uncorroded counterpart.
Design of Biomechanical Legs with a Passive Toe Joint for Enhanced Human-like Walking
Authors: Zaier Riadh , Al-Yahmedi A. 
Published: January 2018

This paper presents the design procedure of a biomechanical leg, with a passive toe joint, which is capable of mimicking the human walking. This leg has to provide the major features of human gait in the motion trajectories of the hip, knee, ankle, and toe joints. Focus was given to the approach of designing the passive toe joint of the biomechanical leg in its role and effectiveness in performing human like motion. This study was inspired by experimental and theoretical studies in the fields of biomechanics and robotics. Very light materials were mainly used in the design process. Aluminum and carbon fiber parts were selected to design the proposed structure of this biomechanical leg, which is to be manufactured in the Mechanical Lab of the Sultan Qaboos University (SQU). The capabilities of the designed leg to perform the normal human walking are presented. This study provides a noteworthy and unique design for the passive toe joint, represented by a mass-spring damper system, using torsion springs in the foot segment. The working principle and characteristics of the passive toe joint are discussed. Four-designed cases, with different design parameters, for the passives toe joint system are presented to address the significant role that the passive toe joint plays in human-like motion. The dynamic motion that is used to conduct this comparison was the first stage of the stance motion. The advantages of the presence of the passive toe joint in gait, and its effect on reducing the energy consumption by the other actuated joints are presented and a comparison between the four-designed cases is discussed.
Editorial
Authors: Pacífico Juracy Machado , Bueno José Lucas Pedreira 
Published: January 2018

Este é o terceiro número do Volume 4 (2017), o número nove (N° 9), da Revista EDUCA - Revista Multidisciplinar em Educação que iniciou publicação em 2014 e, no ano de 2017, inaugurou uma nova fase, passando a ter edições com periodicidade quadrimestral.