bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the effect of selection with deltamethrin on biological parameters and detoxifying enzymes in Aedes aegypti (L.)
Authors: Alvarez‐Gonzalez Leslie C , Briceño Arelis , Ponce‐Garcia Gustavo , Villanueva‐Segura O Karina , Davila‐Barboza Jesus A , Lopez‐Monroy Beatriz , Gutierrez‐Rodriguez Selene M , Contreras‐Perera Yamili , Rodriguez‐Sanchez Iram P , Flores Adriana E 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDResistance to insecticides through one or several mechanisms has a cost for an insect in various parameters of its biological cycle. The present study evaluated the effect of deltamethrin on detoxifying enzymes and biological parameters in a population of Aedes aegypti selected for 15 generations. The enzyme activities of alpha‐ and beta‐esterases, mixed‐function oxidases and glutathione‐S‐transferases were determined during selection, along with biological parameters.RESULTSOverexpression of mixed‐function oxidases as a mechanism of metabolic resistance to deltamethrin was found. There were decreases in percentages of eggs hatching, pupation and age‐specific survival and in total survival at the end of the selection (F16). Although age‐specific fecundity was not affected by selection with deltamethrin, total fertility, together with lower survival, significantly affected gross reproduction rate, gradually decreasing due to deltamethrin selection. Similarly, net reproductive rate and intrinsic growth rate were affected by selection.CONCLUSIONAlterations in life parameters could be due to the accumulation of noxious effects or deleterious genes related to detoxifying enzymes, specifically those coding for mixed‐function oxidases, along with the presence of recessive alleles of the V1016I and F1534C mutations, associating deltamethrin resistance with fitness cost in Ae. aegypti. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Relationship between weed dormancy and herbicide rotations: implications in resistance evolution
Authors: Darmency Henri , Colbach Nathalie , Le Corre Valérie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIt is suggested that selection for late germinating seed cohorts is significantly associated with herbicide resistance in some cropping systems. In turn, it is conceivable that rotating herbicide modes of action selects for populations with mutations for increased secondary dormancy, thus partially overcoming the delaying effect of rotation on resistance evolution. Modified seed dormancy could affect management strategies – like herbicide rotation – that are used to prevent or control herbicide resistance. Here, we review the literature for data on seed dormancy and germination dynamics of herbicide‐resistant versus susceptible plants. Few studies use plant material with similar genetic backgrounds, so there are few really comparative data. Increased dormancy and delayed germination may co‐occur with resistance to ACCase inhibitors, but there is no clear‐cut link with resistance to other herbicide classes. Population shifts are due in part to pleiotropic effects of the resistance genes, but interaction with the cropping system is also possible. We provide an example of a model simulation that accounts for genetic diversity in the dormancy trait, and subsequent consequences for various cropping systems. We strongly recommend adding more accurate and detailed mechanistic modelling to the current tools used today to predict the efficiency of prevention and management of herbicide resistance. These models should be validated through long‐term experimental designs including mono‐herbicide versus chemical rotation in the field. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Strain in pseudomorphic monoclinic Ga2O3‐based heterostructures
Authors: Grundmann Marius 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe calculate analytically, the epitaxial in‐plane and out‐of‐plane strains for pseudomorphic growth of monoclinic heterostructures for various substrate orientations, namely the (010) plane and all () planes, parametrized by the rotation angle against the (001) plane. Numerical examples are given for the sesquioxide semiconductor systems ()2O3/Ga2O3 (the alloy being under compressive strain) and ()2O3/Ga2O3 (tensile strain). Also, we calculate the strain energy density of the epilayer. By setting the monoclinic angle of the unit cell to , our theory applies also to the simpler case of orthorhombic heterostructures.Elastic strain energy (relative units) of pseudomorphic monoclinic (In,Ga)2O3 (blue) and (Al,Ga)2O3 films (red) on ‐Ga2O3 as a function of the angle in the (010) azimuth
Polyphenols and Their Role in Obesity Management: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Farhat Grace , Drummond Sandra , Al‐Dujaili Emad A.S. 
Published: May 2017

Polyphenols have been suggested to reduce body weight and modify body composition through different mechanisms. These effects have been extensively studied in animals andin vitroand to a lesser extent in humans. The aim of this review is to consider the association between polyphenols and body weight status by focusing on human intervention studies. We conducted a systematic literature search in MEDLINE (via EBSCOhost), ProQuest CENTRAL, and Cochrane CENTRAL without time restrictions. Randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of polyphenols on weight and/or body composition in the overweight and/or obese population were included. Nineteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Results suggest that further research is required before supporting a potential role of polyphenols in reducing weight in overweight and obese individuals (nine studies showed a significant decrease in weight by a mean of 1.47 ± 0.58 kg). Nevertheless, several studies indicated that polyphenols might be effective in preventing small increases in weight during periods of overfeeding rather than reducing weight as such. The outcomes noted do not yet support polyphenol supplementation as a complementary approach in weight loss diets. Further larger trials with a duration of 12 months or more are needed to elucidate the effect of polyphenols on body weight status. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical analysis of a shaking table test on dynamic structure‐soil‐structure interaction under earthquake excitations
Authors: Li Peizhen , Liu Shutong , Lu Zheng , Yang Jinping 
Published: May 2017

SummaryStructure‐soil‐structure interaction (SSSI) phenomena under earthquake excitations are investigated in this paper. Based on the results of the shaking table test, this work presents a 3‐dimensional finite element numerical simulation method using ANSYS software. In the simulation, an equivalent linear model is assumed for soil behavior, and contact elements are adopted to consider the nonlinearity state of the interface between foundation and surrounding soil. In addition, constrained equations are added to manage the uncoordinated degrees of freedom. By comparing the results of the finite element analysis with data obtained from the shaking table test, the dynamic response of the shaking table test can be simulated properly. Finally, the dynamic response of adjacent structures considering the SSSI effect is analyzed. The results show that with increased excitation, contact pressure, strain amplitude, and pile slip increase, whereas the peak acceleration magnification coefficient decreases. These results are significant for studying the effect of SSSI on seismic responses of structures.
Interannual changes in distribution of age-0 walleye pollock near the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, with reference to the prediction of pollock year-class strength
Authors: Winter Andreas G. , Swartzman Gordon L. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) is a key species and a major commercial fishery target in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS). Recruitment of juveniles to the adult stock is largely determined by first-year survival in favourable nursery areas, and the waters around the Pribilof Islands are an important nursery area. Based on a six-year acoustic survey programme (September 1994–1999) to investigate abundance and distribution variations of age-0 pollock, we developed a set of predictive indices relating the age-0 Pribilof population to the EBS pollock stock at recruitment (age-3). EBS year-class strength at recruitment correlates with age-0 density, the spatial relationship between juveniles and euphausiids, and the degree of centricity of the age-0 distributions around the Pribilof Islands, i.e. neither too far inshore nor offshore. Seabird numbers and density ratios of predatory groundfish also influenced age-0 pollock distribution, but did not provide consistent discrimination among year classes. We hypothesize that age-0 pollock must transition from a copepod diet to a euphausiid diet by September to maximize their survival potential and to estab ish a strong adult cohort.
Refractory ventricular tachycardia caused by inflow cannula mechanical injury in a patient with left ventricular assist device: Catheter ablation and pathological findings
Authors: Pedretti Stefano , Cipriani Manlio , Bonacina Edgardo , Vargiu Sara , Gil Ad Vered , Frigerio Maria , Lunati Maurizio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn patients with left ventricular assist device (LVAD), a minority of post‐operative ventricular tachycardias (VTs) is caused by contact between the inflow cannula and the endocardium. Currently, electrophysiologic characteristics and pathologic features of this condition are lacking. We report on a case of a successfully ablated mechanical VT. After VT recurrence, heart transplantation took place. Pathologic observations were consistent with direct tissue injury and inflammation, eventually contributing to persisting arrhythmias. Radiofrequency catheter ablation can be a safe and effective option to treat arrhythmias caused by inflow cannula interference in the short term, although a high recurrence rate is expected.
The other capital infusion program: The case of the Small Business Lending Fund
Authors: Balla Eliana , Carpenter Robert E. , Robinson Breck L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study investigates banks' incentives to participate in the Small Business Lending Fund (SBLF) program, characteristics of the participants and their subsequent small business lending behavior. Our results show that participating banks were healthier, larger and located in states with faster private sector job growth. While banks that participated in the SBLF program experienced stronger growth in small business lending in comparison to their eligible non‐participating peers, the subset of institutions that used SBLF funds to repay their Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) obligations experienced weaker small business loan growth. Overall, participation in the SBLF program was limited to a small fraction of banks that were potentially eligible, but the program was successful in encouraging participants to grow their small business loan portfolios. However, our analysis indicates that a subset of participating banks used the SBLF program to exit TARP, thus limiting the success of the SBLF program.
Data Considerations when Teaming with Avocational Detectorists
Authors: Espenshade Christopher T. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTAs professional archaeologists and avocational detectorists increasingly collaborate in field research, professional archaeologists must consider how the use of avocational detectorists may bias data. The potential biases may include the following: highly diverse discovery rates; underrepresentation of certain classes of artifacts, especially ferrous items; work rates less than those of professional archaeologists; and amplified areas of negative data due to a self-fulfilling prophecy. Archaeologists are encouraged to collect the information needed to help recognize such biases and to regiment data collection to minimize biases.
Towards improved estimates of sea-ice algal biomass: experimental assessment of hyperspectral imaging cameras for under-ice studies
Authors: Cimoli Emiliano , Lucieer Arko , Meiners Klaus M. , Lund-Hansen Lars Chresten , Kennedy Fraser , Martin Andrew , McMinn Andrew , Lucieer Vanessa 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIce algae are a key component in polar marine food webs and have an active role in large-scale biogeochemical cycles. They remain extremely under-sampled due to the coarse nature of traditional point sampling methods compounded by the general logistical limitations of surveying in polar regions. This study provides a first assessment of hyperspectral imaging as an under-ice remote-sensing method to capture sea-ice algae biomass spatial variability at the ice/water interface. Ice-algal cultures were inoculated in a unique inverted sea-ice simulation tank at increasing concentrations over designated cylinder enclosures and sparsely across the ice/water interface. Hyperspectral images of the sea ice were acquired with a pushbroom sensor attaining 0.9 mm square pixel spatial resolution for three different spectral resolutions (1.7, 3.4, 6.7 nm). Image analysis revealed biomass distribution matching the inoculated chlorophyllaconcentrations within each cylinder. While spectral resolutions >6 nm hindered biomass differentiation, 1.7 and 3.4 nm were able to resolve spatial variation in ice algal biomass implying a coherent sensor selection. The inverted ice tank provided a suitable sea-ice analogue platform for testing key parameters of the methodology. The results highlight the potential of hyperspectral imaging to capture sea-ice algal biomass variability at unprecedented scales in a non-invasive way.
Regulatory Framework for Conducting Clinical Research in Canada
Authors: Alas Josmar K. , Godlovitch Glenys , Mohan Connie M. , Jelinski Shelly A. , Khan Aneal A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractResearch in human subjects is at the core of achieving improvements in health outcomes. For clinical trials, in addition to the peer review of the results before publication, it is equally important to consider whether the trial will be conducted in a manner that generates data of the highest quality and provides a measure of safety for the participating subjects. In Canada, there is no definitive legislation that governs the conduct of research involving human subjects, but a network of regulations at different levels does provide a framework for both principal investigators and sponsors. In this paper, we provide an overview of the federal, provincial and institutional legislation, guidelines and policies that will inform readers about the requirements for clinical trial research. This includes a review of the role of the Food and Drug Regulations under the Food and Drugs Act and the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2), an overview of provincial legislation across the country, and a focus on selected policies from institutional research ethics boards and public health agencies. Many researchers may find navigation through regulations frustrating, and there is a paucity of information that explains the interrelationship between the different regulatory agencies in Canada. Better understanding the process, we feel, will facilitate investigators interested in clinical trials and also enhance the long-term health of Canadians.
Pharmacists’ Familiarity with and Institutional Utilization of Rapid Diagnostic Technologies for Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Foster Rachel A. , Kuper Kristi , Lu Z. Kevin , Bookstaver P. Brandon , Bland Christopher M. , Mahoney Monica V. 
Published: May 2017

Rapid diagnostic technologies (RDTs) significantly reduce organism identification time and can augment antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) activities. An electronic survey quantified familiarity with and utilization of RDTs by clinical pharmacists participating in ASPs. Familiarity was highest with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Formal infectious diseases training was the only significant factor influencing RDT familiarity.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:863–866
MEDIA EXPOSURE AND REGIME SUPPORT UNDER COMPETITIVE AUTHORITARIANISM: EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH KOREA
Authors: Cho Joan E. , Lee Jae Seung , Song B.K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study explores whether and how exposure to mass media affects regime support in competitive authoritarian regimes. Using geographical and temporal variation in newspaper circulation and radio signal strength in South Korea under Park Chung Hee's competitive authoritarian rule (1961–1972), we find that greater exposure to media was correlated with more opposition to the authoritarian incumbent, but only when the government's control of the media was weaker. When state control of the media was stronger, the correlation between media exposure and regime support disappeared. Through a content analysis of newspaper articles, we also demonstrate that the regime's tighter media control is indeed associated with pro-regime bias in news coverage. These findings from the South Korean case suggest that the liberalizing effect of mass media in competitive authoritarian regimes is conditional on the extent of government control over the media.
Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Properties of PMMA Nanocomposites Containing Various Contents of Prevalent Nanofillers from Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Point of View
Authors: Hasanzadeh R. , Rashahmadi S. , Memari H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPoly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) was melt compounded with different nanoparticles using a twin-screw extruder. Nano TiO2, SiO2 and Al2O3 in 0.5, 1 and 2 wt% were added to the polymeric matrix as reinforcements. Nine polymeric nanocomposite samples were injection molded. Impact strength, Young's modulus, Rockwell hardness-R and cost of raw materials were considered as different criteria. Two procedures of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods were performed for solving material selection problem. Criteria weighting was performed using analytical hierarchy process (AHP). According to weights that obtained from AHP, the alternative ranking was implemented using TOPSIS (the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) and MOORA (multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis) methods. The results indicated that the addition of nanoparticles to the polymeric matrix was significantly improved mechanical properties. The results showed a 94% and 229% improvement in impact strength for PMMA containing 1 and 2 wt% TiO2 compared to pure PMMA. The results also revealed that hardness and Young's modulus of PMMA were increased by addition of different nanoparticles. The implementation of MCDM methods illustrated that PMMA-2 wt% TiO2 is the best alternative. Also, PMMA-1 wt% TiO2 and PMMA-2 wt% SiO2 are the next alternatives, respectively.
Serum carotenoid and retinol levels in African-Caribbean Tobagonian men with high prostate cancer risk in comparison with African-American men
Authors: McDonald Alicia C. , Bunker Clareann H. , Raman Jay , Richie John , Patrick Alan L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBlack men are known to have a higher risk for prostate cancer (PC). Carotenoids and retinol, linked to PC, have not been compared in different black populations at risk. We examined serum carotenoid and retinol levels between PC-free African-Caribbean (AC) Tobagonian men with a high PC risk (high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, atypical foci or repeated abnormal PC screenings) and African-American (AA) men with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (≥4 ng/ml). AC men who participated in the 2003 lycopene clinical trial and AA men who participated in the 2001–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were compared. Serum specimens were analysed for carotenoid (β-carotene,α-carotene,β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin and lycopene) and retinol levels by isocratic HPLC. Quantile regression was used to examine the association between serum carotenoid and retinol levels and black ethnicity, overall and among men with elevated serum PSA. There were sixty-nine AC men and sixty-five AA men, aged 41–79 years, included. AC men were associated with lower serum lycopene and retinol levels, and higher serumα- andβ-carotenes and lutein/zeaxanthin levels compared with AA men, after adjusting for age, BMI, ever smoked cigarettes, education and hypertension (P≤0·03). Among men with elevated PSA, serum retinol was no longer statistically significant with ethnicity (P=0·06). Possible differences may be attributed to dietary intake, genetics and/or factors that influence bioavailability of these micronutrients. Prospective studies are warranted that investigate whether these differences in micronutrients between AC Tobagonian and AA men influence PC risk.
Molecular typing ofGiardia duodenalisin humans in Queensland – first report of Assemblage E
Authors: ZAHEDI ALIREZA , FIELD DANIEL , RYAN UNA 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYLittle is known about the genetic diversity of the protozoan parasite,Giardia duodenalis,infecting humans in Queensland, Australia. The present study typed 88 microscopicallyGiardia-positive isolates using assemblage-specific primers at the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene and sequenced a subset of isolates at the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene (n= 30) andtpilocus (n= 27). Using thetpi-assemblage specific primers,G. duodenalisassemblage A and assemblage B were detected in 50% (44/88) and 38·6% (34/88) of samples, respectively. Mixed infections with assemblages A and B were identified in 4·5% (4/88) and assemblage E was identified in 6·8% (6/88) of samples. Sequence analysis at thegdhandtpiloci also confirmed the presence of assemblage E in these isolates. Cyst numbers per gram of feces (g−1) were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and of the isolates that were typed as assemblage E, cyst numbers ranged 13·8–68·3 × 106cysts g−1. This is the first report of assemblage E in humans in Australia, indicating that in certain settings, this assemblage may be zoonotic.
A comparison of disease susceptibility and innate immune response between diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) siblings following experimental infection with Neoparamoeba perurans, causative agent of amoebic gill disease
Authors: CHALMERS LYNN , TAYLOR JOHN F. , ROY WILLIAM , PRESTON ANDREW C. , MIGAUD HERVE , ADAMS ALEXANDRA 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYFew studies have focussed on the health and immunity of triploid Atlantic salmon and therefore much is still unknown about their response to commercially significant pathogens. This is important if triploid stocks are to be considered for full-scale commercial production. This study aimed to investigate and compare the response of triploid and diploid Atlantic salmon to an experimental challenge with Neoparamoeba perurans, causative agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD). This disease is economically significant for the aquaculture industry. The results indicated that ploidy had no significant effect on gross gill score or gill filaments affected, while infection and time had significant effects. Ploidy, infection and time did not affect complement or anti-protease activities. Ploidy had a significant effect on lysozyme activity at 21 days post-infection (while infection and time did not), although activity was within the ranges previously recorded for salmonids. Stock did not significantly affect any of the parameters measured. Based on the study results, it can be suggested that ploidy does not affect the manifestation or severity of AGD pathology or the serum innate immune response. Additionally, the serum immune response of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon may not be significantly affected by amoebic gill disease.