bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household proximity to water and nontuberculous mycobacteria in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Bouso Jennifer M. , Burns James J. , Amin Raid , Livingston Floyd R. , Elidemir Okan 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackgroundNontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have a particular affinity for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Recent studies suggest a possible relationship between acquiring NTM and the level of environmental water in a given area. We sought to determine if there is an association between household proximity to water and NTM in children with CF.Materials and MethodsAn IRB‐approved retrospective chart review was completed on 150 children with CF in Florida. Inclusion criteria required regular follow‐up, at least two acid‐fast bacilli cultures, and a consistent home address over a 3‐year period. The distance from each patient's home to the nearest body of water was measured using ArcMap®, a Geographic Information System, and the mean distance to water for NTM‐positive and NTM‐negative groups were compared. A stepwise backwards logistic regression was used to evaluate for predictors of NTM‐positivity.ResultsOf the 150 CF patients, 65 met inclusion criteria and 21 (32.3%) tested positive for NTM. Comparison of the mean distance to water for NTM‐positive versus NTM‐negative groups revealed a cutoff of 500 meters. On the logistic regression, CF patients who lived within 500 meters of water were 9.4 times more likely to acquire NTM (P = 0.013). Other significant predictors included a history of Aspergillus fumigatus (OR 7.9, P = 0.011) and recent history of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OR 2.5, P = 0.007).ConclusionsIn the regions studied, children with CF who live closer to water are more likely to acquire nontuberculous mycobacteria. Future studies in other geographic areas are needed to determine if these results are generalizable. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:324–330. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Facile, Catalyst‐Free Mechano‐Synthesis of Quinoxalines and their In‐Vitro Antibacterial Activity Study
Authors: Bhutia Zigmee T. , Prasannakumar Geethika , Das Avijit , Biswas Malabika , Chatterjee Amrita , Banerjee Mainak 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA catalyst‐free, greener and highly efficient method for the synthesis of a series of quinoxaline derivatives involving simple liquid assisted hand‐grinding in a mortar and pestle has been developed. The mechanochemical agitation under LAG was sufficient enough for the smooth condensation of both aromatic and heteromatic 1,2‐diamines with a variety of 1,2‐dicarbonyl compounds to afford the corresponding quinoxalines in high yields. Several of these quinoxaline derivatives inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis in moderate to good effect. Simple substitution in the quinoxaline ring was found to be more effective in antibacterial agents than bulky substitution. In particular, pyrido[2,3‐b]pyrazines with an additional N‐atom in the scaffold showed better activity than others. Overall, the key advantages of this method are simplicity of operation, catalyst‐free condition, solvent‐less synthesis, low E‐factor, cleaner reaction profile, devoid of work‐up step, easy purification and shorter reaction times, and the new series of pyrido[2,3‐b]pyrazines are good antibacterial agents against M. smegmatis.
Co‐Assembly and Self‐Sorting Effects in Gels of Blends of Polyurethane Model Compounds
Authors: Chan Anita S. W. , Sundararajan Pudupadi R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe present studies on two‐component organo‐gels of small molecule analogues of polyurethanes. Whereas the two‐component organo‐ or polymer gels reported in the literature so far involve two types of polymers or polymer/ small molecules, this paper deals with blends of homologous pairs of biscarbamates, which differ only in the number of CH2 groups in the side chain. The mixture of any two biscarbamates self‐sort when crystallized from the melt or solution. We also showed before that these molecules, with a side chain shorter than (CH2)6 do not form gels by themselves as a single component. However, in this work, it was found that a blend of biscarbamates with side chains (CH2)3 and (CH2)15 (denoted as C3/ C15 henceforth) formed a homogeneous gel with benzonitrile as the solvent. A small ratio of the C15 component is sufficient to depress the precipitation of C3 and form a gel, leading to co‐assembly in these gels. Such an effect was also seen in the gelation of blends of C8 and C9, which differ by just one CH2 group in the side chains (Δx=1). With the gels of C7/C9 blends (Δx=2), an ageing effect was seen in that the as‐prepared gel did not show any self‐sorting, but the aged gel did. Self‐sorting was observed in the two‐component gels of biscarbamates with Δx > 2. We believe that this is the first case of two‐component organo‐gels of homologous pairs in which co‐assembly and self‐sorting phenomena were observed.
Unravelling the Mechanism of Non–photoactivated [2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions: Relevance of Orbital Interactions and Zwitterionic Intermediates
Authors: Arpa Enrique M. , Aguilar‐Galindo Fernando , Díaz‐Tendero Sergio 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this work, a thorough theoretical study of the [2+2] cycloaddition reaction between asymmetric substituted alkenes is presented. The simulations evidence a concerted asynchronous or stepwise mechanism, depending on the nature of the electron‐deficient alkene. We have found a direct relation between the interaction of the frontier‐orbitals (HOMO‐LUMO) and the distortion energy with the activation energy (whose values oscillate between ∼4 and ∼35 kcal/mol in the studied cases). We thus conclude that the interaction between the frontier‐orbitals govern the reaction, through changes in the distortion energy. We also show that the lifetime of the zwitterionic intermediate determine the relative stereochemistry of the products.
Synthesis of Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots, Using 2,2‐Bipyridine as a Capping and Phase Transfer Agent
Authors: Sousa David M. , Lima João Carlos , Ferreira Isabel 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe QDs), were synthesized by one‐pot or water‐to‐organic phase transfer and capped with molten 2,2′‐bipyridine (bipy). The obtained CdSe QDs by the two‐step procedure, reveal average sizes of 2 nm while the one‐pot are mixed with secondary salt products and bipy and are undetectable by TEM. However the absorption peak of both CdSe QDs was at 425 nm and the emission band is centered at 535 nm, with a band width at half height of 77 nm, when excited with 425 nm light. The two‐step CdSe QDs synthesis has the great advantage of capping the CdSe QDs with bipy, forming a solid phase, which is easily stored and dispersed in most of the organic solvents. On the other hand, the one‐pot procedure requires an extra step to remove the secondary products.
A Facile Synthesis and Antituberculosis Properties of Almazole D and Its Enantiomer
Authors: Lade Dhanaji M. , Krishna Vagolu Siva , Sriram Dharmarajan , Rode Haridas B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn efficient route for the synthesis of almazole D has been developed using oxidative cyclization as a key step. This approach is successfully applied to the first synthesis of almazole D enantiomer. (R)‐almazole D and synthesized intermediates showed potent inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This hybrid 5‐(3‐indolyl)oxazole scaffold has drug like properties and is a good starting point for further exploration in antituberculosis drug discovery.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Selective C‐F Activation and Hydrodefluorination of Heterocycle‐Substituted Polyfluoroarenes: Dominated by Phosphine Ligands
Authors: Chen Jianping , Huang Dongyang , Ding Yuqiang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the ortho‐selective mono‐hydrodefluorination and/or di‐hydrodefluorination of heterocycle substituted polyfluoroarenes were catalyzed by rhodium complexes along with phosphine ligands and ethanol as hydride source. Diverse partially fluorinated aromatics had been synthesized by this method. The study of the mechanism demonstrated that ethanol was the sole hydride source in the cycle of hydrodefluorination. Furthermore, the phosphine ligand controlled chemoselectivity had been discussed by monitoring experiment.
Molecular‐Iodine‐Mediated, Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Iminohydantoins and 2‐Amino‐1H‐imidazol‐4(5H)‐ones by Cyclodeselenization of Selenourea‐Tethered Amides/Peptides
Authors: Prabhu Girish , Santhosh L. , Nagendra G. , Panduranga Veladi , Sureshbabu Vommina V. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot synthesis of 2‐iminohydantoins and 2‐amino‐1H‐imidazol‐4(5H)‐ones via iodine mediated intramolecular cyclodeselenization of intermediate selenourea tethered amides/peptides is described. The method employs selenophilic ability of environmentally benign iodine to effect the deselenization at room temperature, thereby avoids harsh conditions that are generally employed in the synthesis of iminohydantoins. Significantly 2‐(N‐alkylamino)‐1H‐imidazol‐4(5H)‐ones and 2‐iminohydantoin conjugates of di‐ and tripeptides could be synthesized. Other advantages of the method include mild condition, short duration, wide substrate scope, simple workup and purification of the products.
An Efficient Total Synthesis of (–)‐(R), (+)‐(S)‐Lavandulol Pheromones and Their Derivatives through Proline Catalyzed Asymmetric α‐Aminooxylation and [3,3] Claisen Rearrangement
Authors: Bhosale Viraj A. , Waghmode Suresh B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn efficient total synthesis of the enantiomerically pure lavandulol pheromones viz. (–)‐(R) and (+)‐(S)‐lavandulol, (–)‐(R)‐lavandulyl acetate, (–)‐(R)‐lavandulyl propionate, (+)‐(S)‐lavandulyl 2‐methylbutanoate and (+)‐(S)‐lavandulyl senecioate is accomplished from nonchiral and chiral materials. The strategy utilizes a sequence of proline catalyzed asymmetric α‐aminooxylation and [3,3] Claisen rearrangement for stereodivergent synthesis of chiral C‐2 unit containing 4‐pentenols.
Catalytic Enantioselective Cyano‐Trifluoromethylation of Styrenes
Authors: Sha Wanxing , Zhu Yi , Mei Haibo , Han Jianlin , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Pan Yi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractReported herein is the catalytic enantioselective cyano‐trifluoromethylation of styrenes allowing a straightforward preparation of a new structural class of fluorine‐containing compounds. We demonstrate that the desired transformation can be successfully realized using catalytic system of Cu(II)/chiral bidentate bis(oxazoline) ligand, TMS‐CN and Togni reagents, as sources of the CN and CF3 groups, respectively. Preliminary results strongly suggest synthetic potential of this method as the target cyano‐trifluoromethylated products can be generally obtained with high chemical yields (59‐90 %) and excellent enantiomeric purity (91‐98 % ee).
Total Synthesis of Neuritogenic Alkynes: Lembehyne B and Key Intermediate of Lembehyne A
Authors: D'yakonov Vladimir A. , Makarov Alexey A. , Dzhemileva Lilya U. , Andreev PhD Evgeny N. , Dzhemilev Usein M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA new Ti‐catalyzed cross‐cyclomagnesiation of aliphatic and oxygenated 1,2‐dienes with EtMgBr in the presence of Cp2TiCl2 was used in the key stage for the development for the first time original methods for the preparation of racemic and natural neuritogenic alkynes lembehyne B and stereoselective syntheses of (4Z,8Z)‐pentacosa‐4,8‐dien‐1‐ol ‐ the key intermediate in the total synthesis of lembehyne A.
The impacts of bottled water: an analysis of bottled water markets and their interactions with tap water provision
Authors: Hawkins Gay 
Published: January 2017

The phenomenal recent growth of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottled water is distinctively different from previous bottled mineral water markets that have been around for centuries. Plastic bottled water (hereafter BW) has been marketed as a fast moving consumer good, as a healthy drinking choice and, increasingly, as a safer alternative to existing drinking water. BW markets emerged in response to several key factors: changes in consumer drinking practices; opportunistic strategies on the part of beverage companies to diversify into water; the development of PET bottles; the intensification of sophisticated branding techniques; and various drinking water scares ranging from state failure to water quality controversies. In many cities with safe drinking water BW has faced significant opposition. While this opposition appears to have done little to halt market growth it has prompted a whole new terrain of drinking water politics. These politics foreground the effects of representing and delivering drinking water as an individualized good versus distribution via reticulated networks in which consumers gain access to a collective service. However, activist critiques of BW can sometimes miss the subtle ways in which bottles are ontologically interfering with the political and public health values of safe tap water. These impacts are complex and highly variable according to the specific context of existing drinking water provision and hydrocultures and the ways in which bottles interact with these. Understanding these interactions could help limit the capacity of bottled water markets to undermine the ongoing commitment to safe collective water provision in the interest of the common good. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1203. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1203This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Rights to Water
Human Water > Value of Water
Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation
A comparative study of seizures in arterial and venous stroke
Authors: Singh R. , Bhoi S. , Kalita Jayantee , Misra Usha , Gupta D. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Objective This study was undertaken to compare the frequency, spectrum and predictors of seizures in arterial stroke and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST).
Methods The patients having seizures following arterial stroke or CVST during 2010–2015 were included. Stroke was confirmed by computerized tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and or MR Venography (MRV). The seizures were categorized into early seizures (<14 days) and late seizures (≥14 days) of arterial stroke or CVST. Neurological findings, risk factors for stroke and CVST were noted. The severity of stroke was defined by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The outcome on discharge was assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) as good (0–2) or poor (>2).
Results There were 870 patients with arterial stroke and 128 with CVST. Seizures occurred in 74 (57.8%) of CVST and 119 (13.7%) of arterial stroke. Early seizures were more common in CVST than arterial stroke (98.6% vs. 47.9%, p = 0.001) whereas late seizures were more common after arterial stroke than CVST (52.1% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.001). In the arterial stroke, seizures were predicted by carotid territory ischemic stroke (OR 3.95, 95% CI 1.51–10.32, p = 0.005) and CVST by parenchymal involvement (OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.04–6.55, p = 0.04)
Conclusion CVST results in more frequent and early seizures whereas in arterial stroke late seizures are common. Post stroke seizures in ischemic stroke were predicted by carotid territory infarction and venous stroke by parenchymal involvement.
YIELD UNCERTAINTY AND MILK SUPPLY RESPONSE IN TWO-TIER PRICE SYSTEMS
Authors: ATSBEHA DANIEL MULUWORK 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn two-tier price systems, yield uncertainty creates incentives to overproduce quantity-restricted outputs even when prices for surplus output are very low. These incentives arise from precautionary motives against expected losses from quota shortfalls. Using an approach augmented for multiple input applications, the likelihood of excess production and the relative importance of price changes in different markets are estimated for Icelandic dairy farms. The results indicate that the average farm plans to exceed its quota, and price changes in the surplus milk market are approximately three times more effective in generating supply response than price changes in the quota milk market.
Defining Roles for Pharmacy Personnel in Disaster Response and Emergency Preparedness
Authors: Alkhalili Mohammad , Ma Janice , Grenier Sylvain 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOngoing provision of pharmaceuticals and medical supplies is of key importance during and following a disaster or other emergency event. An effectively coordinated response involving locally available pharmacy personnel—drawing upon the efforts of licensed pharmacists and unlicensed support staff—can help to mitigate harms and alleviate hardship in a community after emergency events. However, pharmacists and their counterparts generally receive limited training in disaster medicine and emergency preparedness as part of their initial qualifications, even in countries with well-developed professional education programs. Pharmacy efforts have also traditionally focused on medical supply activities, more so than on general emergency preparedness. To facilitate future work between pharmacy personnel on an international level, our team undertook an extensive review of the published literature describing pharmacists’ experiences in responding to or preparing for both natural and manmade disasters. In addition to identifying key activities that must be performed, we have developed a classification scheme for pharmacy personnel. We believe that this framework will enable pharmacy personnel working in diverse practice settings to identify and undertake essential actions that are necessary to ensure an effective emergency response and will promote better collaboration between pharmacy team members during actual disaster situations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:496–504)
C. I. LEWIS AND THE BENACERRAF PROBLEM
Authors: Fischer Bob 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTRealists about modality offer an attractive semantics for modal discourse in terms of possible worlds, but standard accounts of the worlds – as properties, propositions, or causally isolated concreta – invoke entities with which we can't interact. If realism is true, how can we know anything about modal matters? Let's call this “the Benacerraf Problem.” I suggest that C. I. Lewis has an intriguing answer to it. Given that we're willing to disentangle some of Lewis's insights from his phenomenalism, we can take the following line. If the Benacerraf Problem is a genuine one, then it threatens all knowledge – not just modal knowledge. But then it leads to a general and implausible form of skepticism, not a limited and more plausible debunking argument. Hence, whatever we're willing to say about skepticism we should say about the Benacerraf Problem.
A DILEMMA FOR THE KNOWLEDGE DESPITE FALSEHOOD STRATEGY
Authors: Buford Christopher , Cloos Christopher Michael 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTOne strategy for dealing with apparent cases of knowledge from falsehood is to deny that the knowledge actually is from a falsehood. Those endorsing such a move have suggested that cases of knowledge from falsehood are instead cases of knowledge despite falsehood. We here provide a dilemma for those wanting to reject the possibility of knowledge from falsehood. The dilemma is explained in part by examining recent attempts to deny that knowledge can be inferentially derived from falsehood.
Dating the Expansion of the Inca Empire: Bayesian Models from Ecuador and Argentina
Authors: Marsh Erik J , Kidd Ray , Ogburn Dennis , Durán Víctor 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe chronology of the Inca Empire has traditionally relied on ethnohistoric dates, which suggest that a northern expansion into modern Ecuador began in AD 1463 and a southern expansion into modern Argentina began in AD 1471. We test the validity of these dates with two Bayesian models, which show that the ethnohistoric dates are incorrect and that the southern expansion began before the northern one. The first model of seven dates shows that the site of Chamical, Ecuador, was first occupiedcal AD 1410–1480 (95% probability)and has a high probability of being built prior to the ethnohistoric date. The second is an outlier model of 2614C dates and 19 thermoluminescence (TL) dates from 10 sites along the empire’s southeastern limit in northwestern Mendoza, Argentina. Here, the Inca occupation begancal AD 1350–1440 (95% probability), also earlier than the ethnohistoric date. The model also suggests that the Inca occupation of Mendoza lasted70–230 yr (95% probability), longer than previously thought, which calls for new perspectives on the timing and nature of Inca conquests and relationships with local groups. Based on these results, we argue it is time to abandon the traditional chronology in favor of Inca chronologies based on Bayesian models.
A cafeteria diet triggers intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats
Authors: Gil-Cardoso K. , Ginés I. , Pinent M. , Ardévol A. , Terra X. , Blay M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe gastrointestinal alterations associated with the consumption of an obesogenic diet, such as inflammation, permeability impairment and oxidative stress, have been poorly explored in both diet-induced obesity (DIO) and genetic obesity. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of an obesogenic diet on the gut health status of DIO rats in comparison with the Zucker (fa/fa) rat leptin receptor-deficient model of genetic obesity over time. For this purpose, female Wistar rats (n 48) were administered a standard or a cafeteria diet (CAF diet) for 12, 14·5 or 17 weeks and were compared with fa/fa Zucker rats fed a standard diet for 10 weeks. Morphometric variables, plasma biochemical parameters, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the ileum were assessed, as well as the expressions of proinflammatory genes (TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)) and intestinal permeability genes (zonula occludens-1, claudin-1 and occludin). Both the nutritional model and the genetic obesity model showed increased body weight and metabolic alterations at the final time point. An increase in intestinal ROS production and MPO activity was observed in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats fed a CAF diet but not in the genetic obesity model. TNF-α was overexpressed in the ileum of both CAF diet and fa/fa groups, and ileal inflammation was associated with the degree of obesity and metabolic alterations. Interestingly, the 17-week CAF group and the fa/fa rats exhibited alterations in the expressions of permeability genes. Relevantly, in the hyperlipidic refined sugar diet model of obesity, the responses to chronic energy overload led to time-dependent increases in gut inflammation and oxidative stress.