bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanomaterials‐Based Approach for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Barik Sunita , Namdeo Pavan K. , Sharma Rahul Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn recent years, all over the world mortality rate has been increasing drastically owing to cancer. This global challenge has aroused the researchers to develop novel technology. Among that, Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an advanced therapeutic modality that can be used as an alternate to chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. PDT is drawing much researcher consideration as targeted cell can be killed straight forwardly by the use of it without aggressive damage to the adjacent cell. However, its application is restricted due to inherent limitations of the conventional photosensitizers (PSs) like lacking of tumor targeting capability, inadequate light penetration, restricted PS accumulation etc. Interestingly, owing to inherent optical property and tuneable ability, uses of nanoparticles (NPs) in PDT show a grand assure to conquer the limitations. Therefore, recently nanomaterial‐based PSs, whose physicochemical properties offer multifunctional and multimodal nanoplatform for various applications such as bioimaging, bioanalytical, and therapeutic etc. is gaining much more attention. In the present review, the basic concept of photodynamic therapy, its principle and types are discussed. Subsequently, role of different organic and inorganic‐based nanomaterials in photodynamic therapy to cure cancer are highlighted.
Probabilistic treatment of IEC 61400‐1 standard based extreme wind events
Authors: Bierbooms Wim , Veldkamp Dick 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe procedure to estimate the amplitude of the special wind events according to IEC 61400‐1 as proposed by Larsen is reviewed. Corrections are specified that yield larger amplitudes for the extreme operating gust (EOG) and the extreme coherent gust with simultaneous direction change (ECD). For the ECD case, distributions for longitudinal and lateral gust amplitudes are derived and applied in simulations to derive the load distribution, from which the 50‐year extreme load can be found. Results are compared with the calculation with the conventional ECD: In the example calculation, the 50‐year values of both blade root bending moment and tip deflection are smaller than the conventional values.
Notes on the Courtship and Captive Reproduction of the Southern Vietnam Box Turtle, Cuora picturata, at the Turtle Conservation Center in Cuc Phuong National Park, Vietnam
Authors: Augustine Lauren , Bednarski Chris , Nguyen Thuy Thu , Tran Hang Thi Ngoc , McCormack Timothy , Van Trinh Nguyen 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTEndemic to only three known provinces in South Central Vietnam, Cuora picturata have faced extensive collection pressures for the food, medicinal, and pet trades. Further exacerbating their decline is the lack of protected areas where wild populations exist, with only one known population occurring within a protected area. With threats to wild populations persisting, the development of an assurance colony has been prioritized for C. picturata. The Asian Turtle Program of Indo‐Myanmar Conservation has been operating the Turtle Conservation Center (TCC) in Cuc Phuong National Park since 1998. From 2020 to 2022, 24 C. picturata were acquired by the TCC from the illegal trade. With no ideal repatriation plan, these animals provided an opportunity for developing a captive assurance colony at the TCC to safeguard the species from extinction. As semi‐aquatic species, box turtles in the genus Cuora are a unique group that shows variations in habitat use and behavior between species. Herein, we documented some specific courtship behaviors not yet described for C. picturata, providing insight into the unique reproductive behaviors of this species.
Management of patients with reduced dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity receiving combined 5-fluoruracil-/capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Hoffmann E. , Toepell A. , Peter A. , Böke S. , De-Colle C. , Steinle M. , Niyazi M. , Gani C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
5‑Fluoruracil (5-FU) and its oral prodrug capecitabine are mainstays in combined chemoradiotherapy regimens. They are metabolized by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD). Pathogenic variants of the DPYD gene cause a reduction in DPYD activity, leading to possibly severe toxicities. Therefore, patients receiving 5‑FU-/capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy should be tested for DPYD variants. However, there are limited clinical data on treatment adjustments and tolerability in patients with decreased DPYP activity receiving combined chemoradiotherapy. Therefore, a retrospective analysis of the toxicity profiles of patients with decreased DPYD activity treated at our center was conducted.

Materials and methods
For all patients receiving 5‑FU-/capecitabine-based chemo(radio)therapy at our department, DPYD activity was routinely tested. Genotyping of four DPYD variants (DPYD*2A, DPYD*13, c.2846A > T, and haplotype B3) was conducted according to the recommendation of the German Society for Hematooncology (DGHO) using TaqMan hydrolysis polymerase chain reaction (PCR; QuantStudy 3, Thermo FisherScientific, Darmstadt). DPYD variants and activity score as well as clinical data (tumor entity, treatment protocol, dose adjustments, and toxicity according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE]) were assessed and reported.

Results
Of 261 tested patients, 21 exhibited DPYD variants, 18 of whom received chemoradiotherapy. All but one patient was treated for rectal or anal carcinoma. The observed rate of DPYD variants was 8.0%, and heterozygous haplotype B3 was the most common (5.75%). One patient exhibited a homozygous DPYD variant. DPYD activity score was at least 0.5 in heterozygous patients; chemotherapy dose was adjusted accordingly, with an applied dose of 50–75%. CTCAE grade 2 skin toxicity (50%) and grade 3 leukopenia (33.3%) were most common. One patient experienced a transient grade 4 increase in transaminases. All high-grade toxicities were manageable with supportive treatment and transient. No CTCAE grade 5 toxicities related to 5‑FU administration were observed.

Conclusion
With dose reduction in heterozygous patients, toxicity was within the range of patients without DPYD variants. Our clinical data suggest that dose-adapted 5‑FU-/capecitabine-chemoradiotherapy regimens can be safely considered in patients with heterozygous clinically relevant DPYD variants, but that the optimal dosage still needs to be determined to avoid both increased toxicity and undertreatment in a curative setting.
Generating synthetic high-resolution spinal STIR and T1w images from T2w FSE and low-resolution axial Dixon
Authors: Graf Robert , Platzek Paul-Sören , Riedel Evamaria Olga , Kim Su Hwan , Lenhart Nicolas , Ramschütz Constanze , Paprottka Karolin Johanna , Kertels Olivia Ruriko , Möller Hendrik Kristian , Atad Matan , Bülow Robin , Werner Nicole , Völzke Henry , Schmidt Carsten Oliver , Wiestler Benedikt , Paetzold Johannes C. , Rueckert Daniel , Kirschke Jan Stefan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To generate sagittal T1-weighted fast spin echo (T1w FSE) and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) images from sagittal T2-weighted (T2w) FSE and axial T1w gradient echo Dixon technique (T1w-Dixon) sequences.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study used three existing datasets: “Study of Health in Pomerania” (SHIP, 3142 subjects, 1.5 Tesla), “German National Cohort” (NAKO, 2000 subjects, 3 Tesla), and an internal dataset (157 patients 1.5/3 Tesla). We generated synthetic sagittal T1w FSE and STIR images from sagittal T2w FSE and low-resolution axial T1w-Dixon sequences based on two successively applied 3D Pix2Pix deep learning models. “Peak signal-to-noise ratio” (PSNR) and “structural similarity index metric” (SSIM) were used to evaluate the generated image quality on an ablations test. A Turing test, where seven radiologists rated 240 images as either natively acquired or generated, was evaluated using misclassification rate and Fleiss kappa interrater agreement.

Results
Including axial T1w-Dixon or T1w FSE images resulted in higher image quality in generated T1w FSE (PSNR = 26.942, SSIM = 0.965) and STIR (PSNR = 28.86, SSIM = 0.948) images compared to using only single T2w images as input (PSNR = 23.076/24.677 SSIM = 0.952/0.928). Radiologists had difficulty identifying generated images (misclassification rate: 0.39 ± 0.09 for T1w FSE, 0.42 ± 0.18 for STIR) and showed low interrater agreement on suspicious images (Fleiss kappa: 0.09 for T1w/STIR).

Conclusions
Axial T1w-Dixon and sagittal T2w FSE images contain sufficient information to generate sagittal T1w FSE and STIR images.

Clinical relevance statement
T1w fast spin echo and short tau inversion recovery can be retroactively added to existing datasets, saving MRI time and enabling retrospective analysis, such as evaluating bone marrow pathologies.

Key Points

Sagittal T2-weighted images alone were insufficient for differentiating fat and water and to generate T1-weighted images.

Axial T1w Dixon technique, together with a T2-weighted sequence, produced realistic sagittal T1-weighted images.

Our approach can be used to retrospectively generate STIR and T1-weighted fast spin echo sequences.

Graphical Abstract
Bettlägerigkeit bei alten Menschen – eine Literaturübersicht
Authors: Berger Bianca , Graeb Fabian , Baumann Manfred , Reuther Sven 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Insbesondere alte Menschen sind von Mobilitätseinschränkungen betroffen und können den Prozess der allmählichen Ortsfixierung bis hin zur Bettlägerigkeit durchlaufen. Letztere geht mit weitreichenden Folgen für die Personen, die pflegerisch relevant sind, einher.

Ziele der Arbeit
Pflegerische Implikationen bezüglich des Phänomens der Bettlägerigkeit im Bereich der Langzeitpflege zu bündeln und Impulse für eine pflegewissenschaftliche Forschung zu geben.

Methode
Recherche in relevanten Fachdatenbanken (2003–2023) anhand der Kriterien eines Scoping-Reviews.

Ergebnisse
In Deutschland gibt es einen Expertenstandard zur Mobilitätsförderung, der Bettlägerigkeit und Ortsfixierung thematisiert. Aktuelle Studien zu diesen Phänomenen sind im deutschsprachigen Raum rar. Im internationalen Kontext werden diese hingegen intensiver beforscht, wobei der Fokus oft auf den Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung von Immobilität und deren negativen Folgen liegt. Die Publikationen konzentrieren sich auf die Reduktion dieser Faktoren, während die Lebensgestaltung im Bett sowie die Teilhabe und Partizipation der Betroffenen weniger Beachtung finden.

Diskussion
Die Komplexität von Bettlägerigkeit wird in der aktuellen Forschung nicht umfänglich abgebildet. Zur Entwicklung einer pflegerischen Perspektive sind Forschungsvorhaben, die Aspekte des Lebens im Bett und damit die Lebenswirklichkeit bettlägeriger Menschen sowie deren Möglichkeiten der Partizipation und Teilhabe stärker berücksichtigen, zentral.
Adjunctive use of mindfulness-based mobile application in depression: randomized controlled study
Authors: Sarlon Jan , Schneider Else , Brühl Annette B. , Ulrich Sarah , Liwinski Timur , Doll Jessica P. , Muehlauser Markus , Lang Undine E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMindfulness-based interventions (MBI) are effective in relapse prevention in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Internet-based interventions have been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of MDD. Consequently, the integration of MBI through mobile applications emerges as a promising supplementary intervention for MDD, contributing to the augmentation of mental health services, particularly within ambulatory care contexts. The current randomized controlled study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive MBI delivered via a mobile app in mitigating symptom severity and stress levels. This assessment involves a comparison with standard treatment practices in an ambulatory setting among individuals diagnosed with MDD. A total of 83 patients diagnosed with MDD (depressive episode, recurrent depression or depressive phase of bipolar disorder) were randomly allocated to the intervention (41 patients) or control condition (42 patients). The intervention consisted of the daily use of the mindfulness mobile application “Headspace” for thirty days. The control condition was treatment as usual (TAU) only. The symptom severity has been assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) as well as the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17). Blood pressure and resting heart rate have been assessed as secondary outcome. Upon hospital discharge, the mean scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) signaled partial remission of MDD in both treatment arms. In both groups, a subsequent decrease in both self-reported and expert-rated scores was evident after a 30-day period. However, the decrease in depression severity as measured by HDRS was significantly higher in the MBI group compared to the control group after 30 days. For secondary outcomes, systolic blood pressure was lower in the intervention group compared to control group. The total drop-out rate was 29%. Short term mindfulness intervention via mobile application (30 days) can be beneficial as adjunctive therapy to treatment as usual in patients with MDD.
Generative user-experience research for developing domain-specific natural language processing applications
Authors: Zhukova Anastasia , von Sperl Lukas , Matt Christian E. , Gipp Bela 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUser experience (UX) is a part of human–computer interaction research and focuses on increasing intuitiveness, transparency, simplicity, and trust for the system users. Most UX research for machine learning or natural language processing (NLP) focuses on a data-driven methodology. It engages domain users mainly for usability evaluation. Moreover, more typical UX methods tailor the systems toward user usability, unlike learning about the user needs first. This paper proposes a new methodology for integrating generative UX research into developing domain NLP applications. Generative UX research employs domain users at the initial stages of prototype development, i.e., ideation and concept evaluation, and the last stage for evaluating system usefulness and user utility. The methodology emerged from and is evaluated on a case study about the full-cycle prototype development of a domain-specific semantic search for daily operations in the process industry. A key finding of our case study is that involving domain experts increases their interest and trust in the final NLP application. The combined UX+NLP research of the proposed method efficiently considers data- and user-driven opportunities and constraints, which can be crucial for developing NLP applications.
Does complexity of conspecific song influence reproductive decisions and investment in European Common Reed Warblers: an experimental playback approach?
Authors: Krištofík Ján , Darolová Alžbeta , Rubáčová Lucia , Hoi Herbert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The beginning of reproduction is usually accompanied by a series of decisions including where to establish a territory, attract a mate, to lay eggs or give birth. These decisions might be influenced by the quality of potential partners but also conspecific neighbours. In birds, the quality of an individual can be signaled by song features, like song complexity. Besides choosing the right location for reproduction and mate attraction, we propose here that song may also influence the reproductive investment, in particular early maternal investment, which is known to be a sensitive determinant reflecting different allocation of females in relation to male quality and attractiveness. Here, we examined whether song quality of conspecific neighbours can stimulate various reproductive parameters in European Common Reed Warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus). Therefore, we performed field playback experiments advertising song of high and low complexity and examined their influence on settlement decisions, early maternal investment, and breeding success. The number of nests and start of egg laying did not differ between the two playback types but nests were significantly closer to high complex song playbacks. Furthermore, in the high complex song group, a significantly higher proportion of eggs was fully dark pigmented than in the low complex playback group. Nests near high complex playbacks were significantly more successful and significantly more offspring were produced. The results are discussed in relation to whether males use song to stimulate female investment and whether establishing a breeding location near a high-quality neighbour may be an additional aspect in settlement decisions.
How to establish a new medical school? A scoping review of the key considerations
Authors: Kirubakaran Sneha , Kumar Koshila , Worley Paul , Pimlott Joanne , Greenhill Jennene 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEstablishing new medical schools in medically under-served regions is suggested as part of the solution to the problem of doctor shortages and maldistributions. Establishing a new medical school is, however, a complex undertaking with high financial and political stakes. Critically, the evidence-base for this significant activity has not previously been elucidated. This paper presents the first scoping review on this vitally important, yet under-researched aspect of medical education and health workforce planning. To better understand the process of new medical school establishment, this review posed two research questions: (1) What is the nature of the available literature on establishing a new medical school?; (2) What are the key factors to be considered when establishing a new medical school? Five databases and grey literature were searched in 2015 and 2021 for English-language articles, using search terms related to new medical schools and their establishment. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were based on relevance and suitability in answering the research questions. Seventy-eight articles were analysed both structurally and thematically to understand the nature of the literature and the key considerations involved. Structurally, most articles were descriptive pieces outlining personal and institutional experiences and did not make use of research methodologies nor theory. Thematically, thirteen key considerations were identified including reasons for establishment; location choices; leadership and governance; costs and funding; partnerships; staffing; student numbers; student recruitment; curriculum design and implementation; clinical training sites; buildings and facilities; information and technology resources; and accreditation. Significant gaps in the literature included how to obtain the initial permission from governing authorities and the personal costs and burnout experienced by founding leaders and staff. Although, the literature on new medical school establishment is empirically and theoretically under-developed, it is still useful and reveals a number of important considerations that could assist founding leaders and teams to maximise the outcomes and impact of their establishment efforts. Critically, the evidence-base underpinning this complex undertaking needs to be better informed by theory and research.
Graphical abstract
Sourcing the Early Colonial Knight’s Black “Marble” Tombstone at Jamestown, Virginia, USA
Authors: Key Marcus M. , Rossi Rebecca K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe goal of this project was to determine the source of Jamestown’s black “marble” knight’s tombstone. From 1627, it is the oldest such tombstone in the Chesapeake Bay region. We used the fossils contained in archived fragments from the stone to identify its microfossils which included six species of foraminiferans. These co-occurred in what is now Belgium and Ireland during the Viséan Age, Middle Mississippian Epoch, Carboniferous Period. They did not co-occur in North America. Therefore, the knight’s tombstone had to be imported from Europe. Historical evidence suggests Belgium, from where it was transshipped in London and on to Jamestown.
Absorptive capacity for science-based innovation propensity: an empirical analysis using Japanese National Innovation Survey
Authors: Motohashi Kazuyuki , Ikeuchi Kenta , Yamaguchi Akira 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt is found that private firms are withdrawing from basic research, as evidenced by the decline in the number of scientific papers written by authors who are inside of firms. On the other hand, scientific knowledge is becoming increasingly important in the industrial innovation process, so that accessing external scientific knowledge for science based innovation becomes critical to radical innovation at firm. This study conducts an empirical analysis of absorptive capacity required to realize radical innovations based on scientific knowledge. Specifically, by connecting bibliographic information of academic papers and patents with firm data from the Japanese National Innovation Survey, we analyze the type of absorptive capacity by the way to obtain external knowledge. The results show that internal R&D is important both for with and without collaboration with university, while human capital with experiences of scientific research in university is important, particularly for successful innovation through university collaboration.
Split coordination with adjectives in Italian
Authors: Adamson Luke James 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This work investigates the morphosyntax of nominal expressions in Standard Italian that have multiple adjectives in “split coordination,” which permits a plural noun to be modified by singular adjectives, for example le mani destra e sinistra (the hand.pl left.sg and right.sg). The proposal is (i) that these expressions are built from multidominant structures, with a constituent shared by the conjuncts, and (ii) that plural marking on the noun reflects “summative” feature resolution on the nP comparable to coordination resolution. This proposal captures various properties of split-coordinated expressions, including the availability of adjective stacking and of feature-mismatched conjuncts, as well as agreement with a class of nouns that “switch” gender in the plural. Taking agreement with resolving features to be a form of semantic agreement, which has been argued to be possible only in certain syntactic configurations (Smith 2015, 2017, 2021), the account captures prenominal-postnominal adjective asymmetries in split coordination. The work offers a coherent account of coordination and semantic agreement in the nominal domain, connects split coordination to related phenomena such as nominal right node raising and adjectival hydras, and, more broadly, evinces the unity of nominal and verbal agreement, pace analyses of nominal concord (Norris 2014).