bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considerations of prescribers and pharmacists for the use of non‐selective β‐blockers in asthma and COPD patients: An explorative study
Authors: Kuipers Esther , Wensing Michel , De Smet Peter A.G.M. , Teichert Martina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesDespite recommendations in prevailing guidelines to avoid the use of non‐selective (NS) β‐blockers in patients with asthma or COPD, on average, 10 patients per community pharmacy receive NS β‐blockers monthly. The aim of our study was to identify the reasons of prescribers and pharmacists to treat asthma and COPD patients with NS β‐blockers.MethodsFifty‐three community pharmacists in the Netherlands selected patients with actual concurrent use of inhalation medication and NS β‐blockers. For at least 5 patients, each pharmacist screened all medication surveillance signals and actions taken at first dispensing. Each pharmacist selected 3 different initial prescribers for a short interview to explore their awareness of the co‐morbidity and reasons to apply NS β‐blockers.ResultsPharmacists identified 827 asthma/COPD patients with actual use of NS β‐blockers. From these, 153 NS β‐blocker prescribers were selected and interviewed (64 general practitioners, 45 ophthalmologists, 24 cardiologists, and 20 other prescribers). One hundred seven prescribers were aware of the drug‐disease interaction of the asthma or COPD co‐morbidity when initiating the NS β‐blocker, and 46 were not. From these, 40 prescribers did not consider the contraindication to be relevant.For 299 patients, medication surveillance signals and actions at first dispensing were retrieved. Patients used predominantly ocular timolol (39.8%), and the oral preparations propranolol (30.8%) and carvedilol (15.1%). In 154 cases, the pharmacy system generated a warning alert.ConclusionsA substantial number of prescribers was unaware of the co‐morbidity or did not regard NS β‐blockers contraindicated, despite prevailing clinical guidelines. Improvement programs should target prescribers' awareness and knowledge of NS β‐blockers in patients with asthma or COPD.
Elevated CO2 differentially affects tobacco and rice defense against lepidopteran larvae via the jasmonic acid signaling pathway
Authors: Lu Chengkai , Qi Jinfeng , Hettenhausen Christian , Lei Yunting , Zhang Jingxiong , Zhang Mou , Zhang Cuiping , Song Juan , Li Jing , Cao Guoyan , Malook Saif ul , Wu Jianqiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAtmospheric CO2 levels are rapidly increasing due to human activities. However, the effects of elevated CO2 (ECO2) on plant defense against insects and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show that ECO2 increased the photosynthetic rates and the biomass of tobacco and rice plants, and the chewing lepidopteran insects Spodoptera litura and Mythimna separata gained less and more mass on tobacco and rice plants, respectively. Consistently, under ECO2, the levels of jasmonic acid (JA), the main phytohormone controlling plant defense against these lepidopteran insects, as well as the main defense‐related metabolites, were increased and decreased in insect‐damaged tobacco and rice plants. Importantly, bioassays and quantification of defense‐related metabolites in tobacco and rice silenced in JA biosynthesis and perception indicate that ECO2 changes plant resistance mainly by affecting the JA pathway. We further demonstrate that the defensive metabolites, but not total N or protein, are the main factors contributing to the altered defense levels under ECO2. This study illustrates that ECO2 changes the interplay between plants and insects, and we propose that crops should be studied for their resistance to the major pests under ECO2 to predict the impact of ECO2 on future agroecosystems.
An optical configuration for fastidious STEM detector calibration and the effect of the objective‐lens pre‐field
Authors: JONES L. , VARAMBHIA A. , SAWADA H. , NELLIST P.D. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryIn the scanning transmission electron microscope, an accurate knowledge of detector collection angles is paramount in order to quantify signals on an absolute scale. Here we present an optical configuration designed for the accurate measurement of collection angles for both image‐detectors and energy‐loss spectrometers. By deflecting a parallel electron beam, carefully calibrated using a diffraction pattern from a known material, we can directly observe the projection‐distortion in the post‐specimen lenses of probe‐corrected instruments, the 3‐fold caustic when an image‐corrector is fitted, and any misalignment of imaging detectors or spectrometer apertures. We also discuss for the first time, the effect that higher‐order aberrations in the objective‐lens pre‐field has on such an angle‐based detector mapping procedure.
The impact of artificial selection on morphological integration in the appendicular skeleton of domestic horses
Authors: Hanot Pauline , Herrel Anthony , Guintard Claude , Cornette Raphaël 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe relationships between the different component parts of organisms, such as the sharing of common development or function, produce a coordinated variation between the different traits. This morphological integration contributes to drive or constrain morphological variation and thus impacts phenotypic diversification. Artificial selection is known to contribute significantly to phenotypic diversification of domestic species. However, little attention has been paid to its potential impact on integration patterns. This study explores the patterns of integration in the limb bones of different horse breeds, using 3D geometric morphometrics. The domestic horse is known to have been strongly impacted by artificial selection, and was often selected for functional traits. Our results confirm that morphological integration among bones within the same limb is strong and apparently partly produced by functional factors. Most importantly, they reveal that artificial selection, which led to the diversification of domestic horses, impacts covariation patterns. The influence of selection on the patterns of covariation varies along the limbs and modulates bone shape, likely due to a differential ligament or muscle development. These results highlight that, in addition to not being constrained by a strong morphological integration, artificial selection has modulated the covariation patterns according to the locomotor specificities of the breeds. More broadly, it illustrates the interest in studying how micro‐evolutionary processes impact covariation patterns and consequently contribute to morphological diversification of domestic species.
Filler migration and extensive lesions after lip augmentation: Adverse effects of polydimethylsiloxane filler
Authors: Abtahi‐naeini Bahareh , Faghihi Gita , Shahmoradi Zabihollah , Saffaei Ali 
Published: January 2018

SummaryPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), also called liquid silicone, belongs to a group of polymeric compounds that are commonly referred to as silicones. These filling agents have been used as injectable filler for soft tissue augmentation. There are limited experiences about management of the severe complications related to filler migration associated with PDMS injection. We present a 35‐year‐old female with severe erythema, edema over her cheeks and neck, and multiple irregularities following cosmetic lip augmentation with PDMS. Further studies are required for management of this complicated case of PDMS injection.
A Spiritual Care Toolkit: An evidence‐based solution to meet spiritual needs
Authors: Kincheloe Donna D , Stallings Welden Lois M , White Ann 
Published: January 2018

Aims and objectivesTo determine differences between baseline spiritual perspectives of nurses, patients and their families and examine the effectiveness of a spiritual care (SC) toolkit as an intervention to facilitate meeting spiritual needs of hospitalised patients and families.BackgroundProvision of SC by nurses in the acute care environment is an issue of high priority for patients. Nurses report lack of time, comfort, training, cultural knowledge and mobilisation of resources as obstacles to SC delivery. Evidence points to positive patient outcomes and patient satisfaction, yet few studies include interventions to help nurses meet spiritual needs of patients and families.DesignDescriptive and quasi‐experimental design.MethodsPatients, family members (n = 132) and nurses (n = 54) were administered SC surveys while hospitalised on two acute care units of a Midwest hospital system in the United States. Population represented patients suffering acute, chronic and terminal illness. Data collected over a 13‐week period examined relationships between the groups spiritual perspectives and the effectiveness of a SC toolkit intervention.ResultsSignificant differences between nurse‐patient and nurse‐family groups were found, whereas no significant differences existed between patient‐family groups. A pretest‐posttest revealed the SC toolkit aided in overcoming obstacles to nurses' SC delivery. Patients and their family members found the SC toolkit helpful.ConclusionsFindings suggest an evidence‐based SC toolkit has the propensity to help nurses meet spiritual needs of hospitalised patients and families. However, successful implementation and sustainability require organisational support, funding for resources and SC training for staff.Relevance to Clinical PracticeA SC toolkit supplied with culturally sensitive faith resources supporting what patients and families value, believe and practice can be easily customised and implemented by any healthcare organisation in the world. Further investigation of SC toolkit effectiveness using multiple sites is recommended.
Vitrification and in vitro culture had no adverse effect on the follicular development and gene expression of stimulated human ovarian tissue
Authors: Ramezani Mahdi , Salehnia Mojdeh , Jafarabadi Mina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThe study assesses the effect of the vitrification procedure on the integrity, morphology, follicular development and gene expression of stimulated human ovarian tissue after warming and two weeks of in vitro culture.MethodsOvarian specimens were divided into non‐vitrified and vitrified groups and were cultured for two weeks. Morphological analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed. The 17‐β estradiol and anti‐Müllerian hormone levels in collected media were assessed. Gene expression was analyzed using real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe morphology and immunohistochemistry of bcl‐2‐like protein 4 and B‐cell lymphoma 2 of human stimulated ovarian tissue were similar in both groups. There was no significant difference in the percentage of normal follicles between the groups before and after in vitro culture. In spite of an increase in the percentage of growing follicles in cultured tissues compared to the non‐cultured groups, the rate of normal follicles was significantly decreased in both cultured groups (P < 0.05). Gene expression was no different in vitrified tissues compared to the control; however, the expression of growth differentiation factor 9 and follicle stimulating hormone receptor genes were increased and factor in germ line alpha and kit ligand genes were decreased during in vitro culture (P < 0.05). In the two cultured groups, the level of 17‐β estradiol was increased (P < 0.05), but the anti‐Müllerian hormone concentration was not statistically altered.ConclusionsThese results showed that the integrity of stimulated human ovarian tissue after vitrification/warming was well preserved; however, the in vitro culture condition needs improvement.
Incidence and risk factors of severe lacerations during forceps delivery in a single teaching hospital where simulation training is held annually
Authors: Sano Yasuko , Hirai Chihiro , Makino Shintaro , Li Xianglan , Takeda Jun , Itakura Atsuo , Takeda Satoru 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThis study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of severe lacerations during forceps delivery and the risk factors associated with such delivery in a hospital where simulation training is held annually.MethodsThe medical records of 857 women who underwent forceps delivery at term with singleton cephalic presentation from 2010 to 2015 were reviewed. The relationship between clinical characteristics and birth canal trauma was analyzed. Birth canal trauma included third and fourth degree perineal lacerations. Univariable and multivariable models of logistic regression were employed to estimate the raw odds ratio and were adjusted for cofactors with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05.ResultsThe incidence of severe lacerations was 10.1%. Birth weight, fetal head station, the rate of malrotation and the number of extractions were higher in women with severe lacerations (P < 0.01), whereas the use of obstetric anesthesia was lower in women with such lacerations (P < 0.01). Neither the indication for forceps delivery nor the qualifications of the operator had any influence on the incidence of severe lacerations.ConclusionThe incidence of severe lacerations was relatively low. Risk factors for severe lacerations with forceps delivery were identified as birth weight, fetal head station, malrotation and the number of extractions. Obstetric anesthesia may protect against severe lacerations.
Roles of venovenous anastomosis and umbilical cord insertion abnormalities in birthweight discordance in monochorionic–diamniotic twin pregnancies without twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Konno Hiroko , Murakoshi Takeshi , Yamashita Akiko , Matsushita Mitsuru 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimWe evaluated risk factors for birthweight discordance in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies without twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).MethodsWe investigated all MCDA twin placentas injected with colored dye at our institution between 2007 and 2015. We excluded pairs of twins with TTTS, fetal demise, or severe fetal malformation. All pairs of twins were assigned to the discordant group (birthweight discordance ≥ 25%) or the concordant group (birthweight discordance < 25%). In each pair of twins, we described vascular anastomoses as either arterioarterial, venovenous (VV), or arterial–venous, and abnormal umbilical cord insertion as either marginal or velamentous. We also recorded placental sharing discordance.ResultsA total of 150 placentas were analyzed. The incidence of VV anastomosis in the discordant group (40%) was significantly higher than that in the concordant group (12%, P = 0.005). Unilateral abnormal umbilical cord insertion was significantly more common in the discordant group (85%) than in the concordant group (38%, P < 0.001). Placental sharing discordance was seen more frequently in the discordant group than in the concordant group. Multiple logistic analysis revealed that VV anastomosis (odds ratio: 4.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.2–18.6, P < 0.01) and unilateral abnormal umbilical cord insertion of the smaller twin (odds ratio: 5.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.4–22.9, P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for birthweight discordance.ConclusionVV anastomoses and unilateral abnormal umbilical cord insertion of the smaller twin are independent risk factors for birthweight discordance in MCDA twin pregnancies without TTTS.
Short‐term and long‐term clinical outcomes of rotational atherectomy in resistant chronic total occlusion
Authors: Huang Wei‐Chieh , Teng Hsin‐I , Chan Wan‐Leong , Lu Tse‐Min 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the short‐ and long‐term clinical outcomes of RA in CTO coronary intervention.BackgroundThe application of rotational atherectomy (RA) may improve the success rate of percutaneous recanalization of chronic total occlusion (CTO) with heavy calcification.MethodsFrom January 2011 to September 2014, we enrolled 285 patients with CTO who underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Resistant CTO lesions were defined as those with heavy calcifications as well as those that no devices are able to pass after guide wire crossing.ResultsAll patients with resistant CTO lesions (n = 26) were successfully treated by RA without major complications, except 1 patient complicated with coronary perforation and treated by surgery successfully (success rate: RA group vs non‐RA group: 96.2%, vs 89.5%, P = 0.038). Compared to the non‐RA group, the patients in the RA group were older (P = 0.028), had higher J‐CTO scores (P = 0.001), and needed longer stents (P = 0.001). All patients were followed up for a mean period of 3.4 ± 2.3 years, and the 1‐year and long‐term clinical outcomes of the RA group were excellent and comparable with those not receiving RA in multivariate analysis adjusted for multiple variables.ConclusionThe treatment of RA is safe and feasible for resistant CTO lesions with heavy calcification. The short‐ and long‐term clinical outcomes of the treatment of RA were excellent and comparable with those not needing RA for CTO PCI.
Mechanisms regulating expansion of CD8+ T cells during HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Nasi A. , Chiodi F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAbnormal immune activation and expansion of CD8+ T cells, especially of memory and effector phenotypes, take place during HIV‐1 infection, and these abnormal features persist during administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to infected patients. The molecular mechanisms for CD8+ T‐cell expansion remain poorly characterized. In this article, we review the literature addressing features of CD8+ T‐cell immune pathology and present an integrated view on the mechanisms leading to abnormal CD8+ T‐cell expansion during HIV‐1 infection. The expression of molecules important for directing the homing of CD8+ T cells between the circulation and lymphoid tissues, in particular CCR5 and CXCR3, is increased in CD8+ T cells in circulation and in inflamed tissues during HIV‐1 infection; these disturbances in the homing capacity of CD8+ T cells have been linked to increased CD8+ T‐cell proliferation. The production of IL‐15, a cytokine responsible for physiological proliferation of CD8+ T cells, is increased in lymphoid tissues during HIV‐1 infection as result of microbial translocation and severe inflammation. IL‐15, and additional inflammatory cytokines, may lead to deregulated proliferation of CD8+ T cells and explain the accumulation of CD8+ T cells in circulation. The decreased capacity of CD8+ T cells to localize to gut‐associated lymphoid tissue also contributes to the accumulation of these cells in blood. Control of inflammation, through ART administration during primary HIV‐1 infection or therapies aimed at controlling inflammation during HIV‐1 infection, is pivotal to prevent abnormal expansion of CD8+ T cells during HIV‐1 infection.
The affective relevance of suggestion‐focused and problem‐focused voice: A diary study on voice in meetings
Authors: Starzyk Anita , Sonnentag Sabine , Albrecht Anne‐Grit 
Published: January 2018

Building on the affective events theory framework, we argue for voice as affect‐relevant action and investigate the affective consequences of voice in meetings within persons. We administered daily surveys over one workweek to examine how suggestion‐focused and problem‐focused voice in meetings relate to state positive and state negative affect at work. Our analyses are based on the data of 124 employees reporting on 224 meetings. Employees’ problem‐focused voice in meetings was associated with a decrease in employees’ state negative affect at the end of the next workday. Employees’ suggestion‐focused voice, however, was not associated with an increase in employees’ state positive affect at the end of the next workday. Future studies should investigate boundary conditions that might change the affective consequences of employees’ voice in meetings.Practitioner pointsMeetings offer employees the opportunity to voice work‐related issues to bring about change. There is substantial intra‐individual variability in employees’ voice in meetings, such that an employee sometimes takes this opportunity, whereas sometimes the same employee passes it on.An employee can show suggestion‐focused voice (i.e., make suggestions of how to improve current work processes) or problem‐focused voice (i.e., address problems about inefficiencies or poor performance) in a meeting. Both types of voice can provide valuable information for work teams and organizations.When employees suggest an improvement in a meeting, they do not necessarily feel more active at the end of their next workday, but when they address a problem, they feel less distressed. This favourable affective consequence may help to develop a more positive view of problem‐focused voice among supervisors and employees.
Being mindful at work and at home: Buffering effects in the stressor–detachment model
Authors: Haun Verena C. , Nübold Annika , Bauer Anna G. 
Published: January 2018

In this daily diary study, we examined the moderating role of employee domain‐specific mindfulness within the stressor–detachment model (Sonnentag & Fritz, , Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36, 72). According to the stressor–detachment model, emotional and quantitative demands should be associated with decreased psychological detachment after work, which in turn is associated with decreased well‐being (i.e., low positive affect and high negative affect) at bedtime. Moreover, we proposed that both mindfulness at work and home should buffer the relations between job demands and psychological detachment and between psychological detachment and well‐being. Sixty‐five employees completed two daily surveys (i.e., after work and before going to bed) over five workdays. Results of multilevel analyses revealed that job demands did not predict psychological detachment, which in turn did not predict well‐being at bedtime. However, the relation between emotional demands and psychological detachment was buffered by both mindfulness at work and at home while the relation between quantitative demands and psychological detachment was moderated by mindfulness at home only. Moreover, we found that mindfulness at home moderated the relation between psychological detachment and positive affect at bedtime. Our study demonstrates the buffering role of daily mindfulness within the stressor–detachment model and highlights the value of considering domain‐specific mindfulness.Practitioner points

Being mindful at work and at home buffers the negative relationships between job demands and psychological detachment after work.

Promoting mindfulness both in the work and home domain can help employees psychologically detach from work despite high job demands.