bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How multiple episodes of exclusive breastfeeding impact estimates of exclusive breastfeeding duration: report from the eight‐site MAL‐ED birth cohort study
Authors: Ambikapathi Ramya , Kosek Margaret N. , Lee Gwenyth O. , Mahopo Cloupas , Patil Crystal L. , Maciel Bruna L. , Turab Ali , Islam M Munirul , Ulak Manjeswori , Bose Anuradha , Paredes Olortegui Maribel , Pendergast Laura L. , Murray‐Kolb Laura E. , Lang Dennis , McCormick Benjamin J. J. , Caulfield Laura E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is often defined as the time from birth to the first non‐breast milk food/liquid fed (EBFLONG), or it is estimated by calculating the proportion of women at a given infant age who EBF in the previous 24 h (EBFDHS). Others have measured the total days or personal prevalence of EBF (EBFPREV), recognizing that although non‐EBF days may occur, EBF can be re‐initiated for extended periods. We compared breastfeeding metrics in the MAL‐ED study; infants' breastfeeding trajectories were characterized from enrollment (median 7 days, IQR: 4, 12) to 180 days at eight sites. During twice‐weekly surveillance, caretakers were queried about infant feeding the prior day. Overall, 101 833 visits and 356 764 child days of data were collected from 1957 infants. Median duration of EBFLONG was 33 days (95% CI: 32–36), compared to 49 days based on the EBFDHS. Median EBFPREV was 66 days (95% CI: 62–70). Differences were because of the return to EBF after a non‐EBF period. The median number of returns to EBF was 2 (IQR: 1, 3). When mothers re‐initiated EBF (second episode), infants gained an additional 18.8 days (SD: 25.1) of EBF, and gained 13.7 days (SD: 18.1) (third episode). In settings where women report short gaps in EBF, programmes should work with women to return to EBF. Interventions could positively influence the duration of these additional periods of EBF and their quantification should be considered in impact evaluation studies. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Structure–function aspects of the Porphyromonas gingivalis tyrosine kinase Ptk1
Authors: Liu C. , Miller D.P. , Wang Y. , Merchant M. , Lamont R.J. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe development of synergistically pathogenic communities of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus gordonii is controlled by a tyrosine‐phosphorylation‐dependent signaling pathway in P. gingivalis. The Ptk1 bacterial tyrosine (BY) kinase of P. gingivalis is required for maximal community development and for the production of extracellular polysaccharide. We show that the consensus BY kinase Walker A and B domains, the RK cluster, and the YC domain of Ptk1 are necessary for autophosphorylation and for substrate phosphorylation. Mass spectrometry showed that six tyrosine residues in a 16‐amino‐acid C‐terminal region were phosphorylated in recombinant (r) Ptk1. Complementation of a ptk1 mutant with the wild‐type ptk1 allele in trans restored community development between P. gingivalis and S. gordonii, and extracellular polysaccharide production by P. gingivalis. In contrast, complementation of Δptk1 with ptk1 containing a mutation in the Walker A domain failed to restore community development or extracellular polysaccharide production. rPtk1 was capable of phosphorylating the tyrosine phosphatase Ltp1 and the transcriptional regulator CdhR, both of which are involved in the development of P. gingivalis communities with S. gordonii.
Childhood urinary tract infection caused by extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing bacteria: Risk factors and empiric therapy
Authors: Uyar Aksu Nihal , Ekinci Zelal , Dündar Devrim , Baydemir Canan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated risk factors of childhood urinary tract infection (UTI) associated with extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing bacteria (ESBL‐positive UTI) and evaluated antimicrobial resistance as well as empiric treatment of childhood UTI.MethodsThe records of children with positive urine culture between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2012 were evaluated. Patients with positive urine culture for ESBL‐producing bacteria were defined as the ESBL‐positive group, whereas patients of the same gender and similar age with positive urine culture for non‐ESBL‐producing bacteria were defined as the ESBL‐negative group. Each ESBL‐positive patient was matched with two ESBL‐negative patients.ResultsThe ESBL‐positive and negative groups consisted of 154 and 308 patients, respectively. Potential risk factors for ESBL‐positive UTI were identified as presence of underlying disease, clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), hospitalization, use of any antibiotic and history of infection in the last 3 months (P < 0.05). On logistic regression analysis, CIC, hospitalization and history of infection in the last 3 months were identified as independent risk factors. In the present study, 324 of 462 patients had empiric therapy. Empiric therapy was inappropriate in 90.3% of the ESBL‐positive group and in 4.5% of the ESBL‐negative group. Resistance to nitrofurantoin was similar between groups (5.1% vs 1.2%, P = 0.072); resistance to amikacin was low in the ESBL‐positive group (2.6%) and there was no resistance in the ESBL‐negative group.ConclusionsClean intermittent catheterization, hospitalization and history of infection in the last 3 months should be considered as risk factors for ESBL‐positive UTI. The combination of ampicillin plus amikacin should be taken into consideration for empiric therapy in patients with acute pyelonephritis who have the risk factors for ESBL‐positive UTI. Nitrofurantoin seems to be a logical choice for the empiric therapy of cystitis.
Piloting CenteringParenting in Two Alberta Public Health Well‐Child Clinics
Authors: Johnston Jennifer Cyne , McNeil Deborah , van der Lee Germaeline , MacLeod Cheryl , Uyanwune Yvonne , Hill Kaitlyn 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo pilot a group health service delivery model, CenteringParenting, for new parents, to assess its feasibility and impact on maternal and infant outcomes.Design and SampleFamilies attended six, 2‐hr group sessions in their child's first year of life with three to seven other families. Health assessments, parent‐led discussions, and vaccinations occurred within the group.MeasuresDemographic, breastfeeding, vaccination, maternal psychosocial health, parenting, and satisfaction data were collected and compared to a representative cohort.ResultsFour groups ran in two clinics. Four to eight parent/infant dyads participated in each group, 24 total dyads. Most participating parents were mothers. Dyads in the group model received 12 hr of contact with Public Health over the year compared to 3 hr in the typical one‐on‐one model. Participants were younger, more likely to have lower levels of education, and lower household income than the comparison group. Parents reported improvements in parenting experiences following the program. At 4 months, all CenteringParenting babies were vaccinated compared to 95% of babies in the comparison group.ConclusionsThe pilot was successfully completed. Additional research is required to examine the effectiveness of CenteringParenting. Data collected provide insight into potential primary outcomes of interest and informs larger, rigorously designed longitudinal studies.
Does intraspecific behavioural variation of pollinator species influence pollination? A quantitative study with hummingbirds and a Neotropical shrub
Authors: Maruyama P. K. , Justino D. G. , Oliveira P. E. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Floral visitors differ in their efficacy as pollinators, and the impact of different pollinator species on pollen flow and plant reproduction has been frequently evaluated. In contrast, the impact of intraspecific behavioural changes on their efficacy as pollinators has seldom been quantified.

We studied a self‐incompatible shrub Palicourea rigida (Rubiaceae) and its hummingbird pollinators, which adjust their behaviour according to floral resource availability. Fluorescence microscopy was used to access pollen tube growth and incompatibility reaction in pistils after a single visit of territorial or intruder hummingbirds in two populations. To characterise the plant populations and possible differences in resource availability between areas we used a three‐term quadrat variance method to detect clusters of floral resources.

Within‐species variation in foraging behaviour, but not species identity, affected pollinator efficacy. Effectively, hummingbirds intruding into territories deposited more compatible pollen grains on P. rigida stigmas than territory holders in both study areas. Additionally, territory holders deposited more incompatible than compatible pollen grains.

Our results imply that intraspecific foraging behaviour variation has consequences for pollination success. Quantifying such variation and addressing the implications of intraspecific variability contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics and consequences of plant–pollinator interactions.
Effects of Verticillium dahliae on tomato root morphology considering plant growth response and defence
Authors: Buhtz A. , Hohe A. , Schwarz D. , Grosch R. 
Published: August 2016

The soilborne pathogen Verticillium dahliae invades its host via the root, and spreads systemically throughout the plant. Although a functional root system of appropriate size is essential for water and nutrient uptake, to date, effects of pathogens on root morphology have not been frequently investigated. Therefore, this study aims to improve knowledge of how V. dahliae infection impairs root morphological characteristics of tomato, considering plant growth and physiological responses, particularly those involved in defence in roots and leaves over a growing period of up to 28 days post‐inoculation. Verticillium dahliae infection suppressed the growth of both shoot and root. Diseased plants developed a smaller leaf area, and exhibited a reduction in the rate of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. An early response to pathogen invasion in the host root was the up‐regulation of several defence‐related genes, such as proteinase inhibitor II (Pin2), β‐1,3‐glucanase A (GluA) and two pathogenesis‐related genes (PR‐1a, PR‐1b). However, this response did not prevent colonization of the roots by the pathogen. Although a high variability in pathogen density was found within the root system, a significant increase of both the specific root length and surface area was observed in response to pathogen invasion; these traits correlated with water use efficiency. Morphological changes of the root may represent an adaptive response evolved to sustain the supply of both water and nutrients in the presence of the pathogen.
Tooth loss as a predictor of shortened longevity: exploring the hypothesis
Authors: Friedman Paula K. , Lamster Ira B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMany factors contribute to human tooth loss, including oral hygiene practices, trauma, smoking, health status, socio‐economic status and individual preferences. Loss of teeth impairs quality‐of‐life measures, including the eating of most foods that require full masticatory function. A recent study of centenarians found that at age 65–74 years, those who lived to be 100 had a lower rate of edentulism than did younger members of their birth cohort at ages 65–74 years. Oral health was consistent with compression of morbidity toward the end of life. This article explores the hypothesis that factors associated with oral disease and noncommunicable diseases may increase the risk of tooth loss and lead to diminished longevity as a result of multifactorial interactions. It specifically addresses two critical questions. The first is: ‘Can we conclude that the number of teeth in aging humans can affect longevity and life expectancy?’ The answer is yes. The second is: ‘Is tooth loss a predictor of shortened longevity?’ Again, the answer is yes. Edentulism and partial edentulism are discussed as a disability, and how the philosophy/belief systems of dental providers and patients toward retaining teeth influences the outcome of tooth loss is also examined. Osteoporosis and cognitive impairment provide examples of modifying risk factors.
The subgingival periodontal microbiota of the aging mouth
Authors: Feres Magda , Teles Flavia , Teles Ricardo , Figueiredo Luciene Cristina , Faveri Marcelo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDifferent mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain the increase in prevalence and severity of periodontitis in older adults, including shifts in the periodontal microbiota. However, the actual impact of aging on the composition of subgingival biofilms remains unclear. In the present article, we provide an overview of the composition of the subgingival biofilm in older adults and the potential effects of age on the oral microbiome. In particular, this review covers the following topics: (i) the oral microbiota of an aging mouth; (ii) the effects of age and time on the human oral microbiome; (iii) the potential impact of inflammaging and immunosenescence in the host–oral microbiota interactions; and (iv) the relationship of the aging oral microbiota and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we present analyses of data compiled from large clinical studies that evaluated the subgingival microbiota of periodontally healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis from a wide age spectrum (20–83 years of age).
Illusory conjunctions in visual short‐term memory: Individual differences in corpus callosum connectivity and splitting attention between the two hemifields
Authors: Qin Shuo , Ray Nicholas R. , Ramakrishnan Nithya , Nashiro Kaoru , O'Connell Margaret A. , Basak Chandramallika 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOverloading the capacity of visual attention can result in mistakenly combining the various features of an object, that is, illusory conjunctions. We hypothesize that if the two hemispheres separately process visual information by splitting attention, connectivity of corpus callosum—a brain structure integrating the two hemispheres—would predict the degree of illusory conjunctions. In the current study, we assessed two types of illusory conjunctions using a memory‐scanning paradigm; the features were either presented across the two opposite hemifields or within the same hemifield. Four objects, each with two visual features, were briefly presented together followed by a probe‐recognition and a confidence rating for the recognition accuracy. MRI scans were also obtained. Results indicated that successful recollection during probe recognition was better for across hemifields conjunctions compared to within hemifield conjunctions, lending support to the bilateral advantage of the two hemispheres in visual short‐term memory. Age‐related differences regarding the underlying mechanisms of the bilateral advantage indicated greater reliance on recollection‐based processing in young and on familiarity‐based processing in old. Moreover, the integrity of the posterior corpus callosum was more predictive of opposite hemifield illusory conjunctions compared to within hemifield illusory conjunctions, even after controlling for age. That is, individuals with lesser posterior corpus callosum connectivity had better recognition for objects when their features were recombined from the opposite hemifields than from the same hemifield. This study is the first to investigate the role of the corpus callosum in splitting attention between versus within hemifields.
The effects of Risk Factor‐Targeted Lifestyle Counselling Intervention on working‐age stroke patients' adherence to lifestyle change
Authors: Oikarinen Anne , Engblom Janne , Kääriäinen Maria , Kyngäs Helvi 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionSince a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack is a major risk factor for a recurrent event, lifestyle counselling during the hospital phase is an essential component of treatment and may increase the probability of lifestyle change.Aims and objectivesTo study the effect of risk factor‐targeted lifestyle counselling intervention on working‐age stroke patients' adherence to lifestyle changes.DesignA quasi‐experimental, nonequivalent control group pretest–post‐test design.MethodsStroke patients in an acute neurological unit were divided into a control group (n = 75) receiving standard counselling and an experimental group (n = 75) receiving risk factor‐targeted counselling. Lifestyle data and clinical outcomes were collected at hospital between January 2010 and October 2011, while data on adherence to lifestyle changes 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge.ResultsThe baseline lifestyle habits did not differ significantly other than in alcohol behaviour. Both groups increased their intake, but the intervention group to a lesser degree. However, the experimental group significantly lost their weight for the first 3 and 6 months; at 3 months reduction in cigarette consumption and at 6 months significant increases in smoking cessation were also achieved. All improved some of their lifestyle habits. Intervention was associated with support from nurses as well as from family and friends. Adherence scores were higher in the experimental group.ConclusionSome short‐term advantages in lifestyle habits due to the intervention were noted. Participants in both groups improved some of their lifestyle habits.
Sedimentary dynamics along carbonate slopes (Bahamas archipelago)
Authors: Wunsch Marco , Betzler Christian , Lindhorst Sebastian , Lüdmann Thomas , Eberli Gregor P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHydroacoustic and sedimentological data in the Santaren Channel covering both the leeward slope of Great Bahama Bank and the windward slope of Cay Sal Bank allow new insights into carbonate platform slope sedimentation. The data document the interplay between depositional and erosive processes on both slopes through time and provide information on the current regime and its influence on the slope sedimentary processes. This study emphasizes the diversity and complexity of the slope morphology and the sediment distribution of the youngest high‐frequency sequence, which has developed since the last glacial maximum. The processes triggering slope failures and the formation of channels and gullies differ on both slopes. At the leeward slope of the Great Bahama Bank, extensive slope failures occurred primarily during sea‐level lowering following an interglacial. These slope failures created a slope morphology that channelizes the exported platform sediments during the subsequent highstand. At the windward slope of Cay Sal Bank, contour currents and the local tectonic regime are responsible for slope failures. During sea‐level lowstands, downwelling induces turbidity currents. The interaction of turbidity and contour currents leads to the formation of a system of furrows and slope‐parallel sediment ridges. The discovered heterogeneities in slope sedimentation improve the understanding of carbonate slope sedimentation and provide implications for sequence stratigraphic interpretation of carbonate platform slopes.
Association of Interleukin 10 Gene Polymorphisms with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Jung J. H. , Song G. G. , Kim J‐H. , Choi S. J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to perform a meta‐analysis of eligible studies and to derive a precise estimate of the association between interleukin 10 (IL10) polymorphisms and susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Meta‐analyses were conducted on the associations between AITD and the ‐1082 G/A (rs1800896), ‐819 C/T (rs1800871) and ‐592 C/A (rs1800872) polymorphisms in IL10, and the haplotype of these polymorphisms and AITD. A total of 2903 AITD patients and 3060 controls in 10 eligible studies were included in the meta‐analysis. This meta‐analysis showed significant associations between IL10 at the ‐1082 G allele and overall AITD (OR: 1.44, 95% CI 1.13–1.82, P = 0.003), but no association between the IL10 ‐592 C allele and the ‐819 C allele and AITD. Subgroup studies demonstrated significant associations between the ‐1082 G allele and susceptibility to Graves’ disease. Ethnicity‐specific meta‐analysis revealed significant associations between the ‐1082 G allele and AITD susceptibility in Asian populations; however, in Middle Eastern populations, no association was evident. Meta‐analysis of the IL10 haplotype revealed an association between the ATA haplotype and AITD (OR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.00–1.36, P = 0.04). Meta‐analysis demonstrates that the IL10 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to AITD.
Cost of microbial larviciding for malaria control in rural Tanzania
Authors: Rahman Rifat , Lesser Adriane , Mboera Leonard , Kramer Randall 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveMicrobial larviciding may be a potential supplement to conventional malaria vector control measures, but scant information on its relative implementation costs and effectiveness, especially in rural areas, is an impediment to expanding its uptake. We perform a costing analysis of a seasonal microbial larviciding programme in rural Tanzania.MethodsWe evaluated the financial and economic costs from the perspective of the public provider of a 3‐month, community‐based larviciding intervention implemented in twelve villages in the Mvomero District of Tanzania in 2012–2013. Cost data were collected from financial reports and invoices and through discussion with programme administrators. Sensitivity analysis explored the robustness of our results to varying key parameters.ResultsOver the 2‐year study period, approximately 6873 breeding sites were treated with larvicide. The average annual economic costs of the larviciding intervention in rural Tanzania are estimated at 2014US$ 1.44 per person protected per year (pppy),US$ 6.18 per household andUS$ 4481.88 per village, with the larvicide and staffing accounting for 14% and 58% of total costs, respectively.ConclusionsWe found the costs pppy of implementing a seasonal larviciding programme in rural Tanzania to be comparable to the costs of other larviciding programmes in urban Tanzania and rural Kenya. Further research should evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of larviciding relative to, and in combination with, other vector control strategies in rural settings.
Jasmonate‐mediated stomatal closure under elevated CO2 revealed by time‐resolved metabolomics
Authors: Geng Sisi , Misra Biswapriya B. , de Armas Evaldo , Huhman David V. , Alborn Hans T. , Sumner Lloyd W. , Chen Sixue 
Published: August 2016

SummaryFoliar stomatal movements are critical for regulating plant water loss and gas exchange. Elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are known to induce stomatal closure. However, the current knowledge on CO2 signal transduction in stomatal guard cells is limited. Here we report metabolomic responses of Brassica napus guard cells to elevated CO2 using three hyphenated metabolomics platforms: gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (MS); liquid chromatography (LC)‐multiple reaction monitoring‐MS; and ultra‐high‐performance LC‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight‐MS. A total of 358 metabolites from guard cells were quantified in a time‐course response to elevated CO2 level. Most metabolites increased under elevated CO2, showing the most significant differences at 10 min. In addition, reactive oxygen species production increased and stomatal aperture decreased with time. Major alterations in flavonoid, organic acid, sugar, fatty acid, phenylpropanoid and amino acid metabolic pathways indicated changes in both primary and specialized metabolic pathways in guard cells. Most interestingly, the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis pathway was significantly altered in the course of elevated CO2 treatment. Together with results obtained from JA biosynthesis and signaling mutants as well as CO2 signaling mutants, we discovered that CO2‐induced stomatal closure is mediated by JA signaling.