bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical characteristics of kenaf-glass fiber reinforced hybrid composites by varying the stacking sequences
Authors: P Sathyaseelan , Kumar R Ramesh , D Rajesh , K Raja , J Manivannan , M Raju 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Fiber composite materials are preferred for their lightweight, low-cost, and commercial uses. As part of this study, laminate materials consisting of two different fiber materials as their reinforcement materials are produced using the hand layup method. This study investigates the mechanical properties of hybrid composite laminates fabricated using kenaf and glass fibers. Six stacking arrangements of the fibers are examined, alongside two reference laminates with individual reinforcements. Epoxy resins HY951 and LY556 serve as matrix materials. ASTM standards guide the mechanical testing of the composites. Results indicate varied tensile strengths based on stacking sequence, with laminate L2 (KKGKK) featuring a single glass fiber core at 75 MPa, and increasing strengths in laminates with additional glass layers: L1 (GKKKG) at 123 MPa, L5 (KGKGK) at 110 MPa, L3 (GKGKG) at 150 MPa, L6 (KGGGK) at 118 MPa, and L4 (GGKGG) at 159 MPa, the highest among all. It was observed that adding one layer of glass fiber with kenaf fiber boosts strength and modulus by 9.52% and 12.19% respectively, compared to pure kenaf fiber composites. Morphological analysis via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirms failure due to initial crack propagation in the matrix and fibers. This study offers insights into hybrid composite laminate behavior, pertinent for various industrial applications.
Evolution of low-mode asymmetries introduced by x-ray P2 drive asymmetry during double shell implosions on the SG facility
Authors: Wang Guanqiong , Li Hang , Li Xin , Li Chenguang , Li Xindong , Xu Ruihua , Zhu Ruidong , Li Lulu , Zhang Huasen , Zhao Yingkui , Wang Min , Guo Liang , Zheng Jinhua , Jing Longfei , Jiang Wei , Deng Bo , Deng Keli , Dong Yunsong , Yang Dong , Yang Jiamin , Zhao Zongqing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Double shell capsule can provide a potential low-convergence to fusion ignition at relatively low temperature (∼3 keV). One of the main sources of degrading double shell implosion performance is the low-mode asymmetries. Recently, the experiments on the evolution of low-mode asymmetries introduced by x-ray P2 drive asymmetry during double shell implosions were carried out on the SG facility, where the outer shell and inner shell shapes were measured through the backlit radiography, and the fuel shape near stagnation was measured by core x-ray self-emission imaging. The time-dependent x-ray flux symmetry was controlled by varying the inner cone fraction, defined as the ratio of the inner cone power to the total laser power, while keeping the drive temperature histories same across experiments. Both the hohlraum radiation and the capsule implosions were analyzed using a two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics code. Comparing the experimental radiographs and self-emission images to the simulations, it is found that the simulated outer shell, inner shell and hot spot shapes are in qualitative agreement with experiments, especially, the symmetry swings of the hot spot shape near stagnation are observed from both experimental and simulation results. Further, the effect of x-ray drive asymmetries on double shell implosion performance is preliminarily investigated using numerical simulations. We find that the azimuthal variations in radial velocity caused by drive asymmetries can generate azimuthal mass flow of the inner shell, thus kinetic energy of the inner shell would be not converted into fuel internal energy with high efficiency, and the mass-averaged ion temperature of the fuel at stagnation would be reduced.
Modelling human postural stability and muscle activation augmented by a supernumerary robotic tail
Authors: Abeywardena Sajeeva , Osman Zaheer , Farkhatdinov Ildar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWearable robots have promising characteristics for human augmentation; however, the the design and specification stage needs to consider biomechanical impact. In this work, musculoskeletal software is used to assess the biomechanical implications of having a two-degrees-of-freedom supernumerary robotic tail mounted posterior to the human trunk. Forward and backward tilting motions were assessed to determine the optimal design specification. Specifically; the key criteria utilised included the centre of pressure, the dynamic wrench exerted by the tail onto the human body and a global muscle activation index. Overall, it was found that use of a supernumerary tail reduced lower limb muscle activation in quiet stance. Furthermore, the optimal design specification required a trade-off between the geometric and inertial characteristics, and the amount of muscle assistance provided by the tail to facilitate safe physical Human–Robot interaction.
Generating pooled quality control samples of volatile organic compounds
Authors: Ahmed Waqar , Wilkinson Maxim , Fowler Stephen J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Untargeted analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from exhaled breath and culture headspace are influenced by several confounding factors not represented in reference standards. In this study, we propose a method of generating pooled quality control (QC) samples for untargeted VOC studies using a split-recollection workflow with thermal desorption tubes. Sample tubes were desorbed and split from each sample and recollected onto a single tube, generating a pooled QC sample. This QC sample was then repeatedly desorbed and recollected with a sequentially lower split ratio allowing injection of multiple QC samples. We found pooled QC samples to be representative of complex mixtures using principal component analysis and may be useful in future longitudinal, multi-centre, and validation studies to assess data quality and adjust for batch effects.
A highly sensitive photonic crystal fibre biosensor for early malaria detection via RBC variation monitoring
Authors: Pravesh Ram , Kumar Dharmendra , Pandey Bramha P , Chaudhary Vijay Shanker , Kumar Santosh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Every year, more than one million individuals die from malaria, an infection spread by mosquitoes infected by haemoparasites with only one cell of the Plasmodium class. In this work, a photonic crystal fibre (PCF)-based refractive index (RI) biosensor for the early detection of malaria in individuals, using red blood cell (RBC) variation monitoring, is presented. The proposed PCF includes three layers of hexagonal lattices of elliptical air holes and also contains a small vertical elliptical channel in which the RBC samples are placed. Because of the RI difference between samples from both healthy and malaria-infected human RBCs, the peak wavelength of infected RBC samples differs from that of normal RBC samples. From calculation, the achieved wavelength sensitivities of the biosensor are 3571.42 nm/RIU, 3157.89 nm/RIU, and 3103.44 nm/RIU in the x-polarized direction and 2857.14 nm/RIU, 2631.57 nm/RIU, and 2758.6 nm/RIU in the y-polarized direction in different phases—ring, trophozoite, and schizont respectively—with a highest possible detection limit of 0.029. Because of the small detection limit and high sensitivity, the proposed PCF biosensor has enhanced sensing abilities that make it suitable for primary diagnosis of malaria. With its high sensitivity and low detection limit, this PCF biosensor has improved sensing capabilities that make it appropriate for malaria diagnosis at the outset.
Evaluation and imaging of biodistribution of magnetic nanoparticles in a model of hepatic cirrhosis via alternating current biosusceptometry
Authors: Willmann Raffael , Almeida Michael , Stoppa Erick , Barbisan Luis F , Miranda Jose R A , Soares Guilherme 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In recent years, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have exhibited theragnostic characteristics which confer a wide range of applications in the biomedical field. Consequently, through Alternating Current Biosusceptometry (ACB), magnetic nanoparticles can be used as tracers, allowing the study of healthy and cirrhotic livers and providing the ability to differentiate them through the reconstruction of quantitative images. The ACB system consists of a developing biomagnetic technique that has the ability to magnetize and measure the magnetic susceptibility of a material such as MNPs, thereby offering quantitative information about biological systems with magnetic tracers.
Mapping cognitive activity from electrocorticography field potentials in humans performing NBack task
Authors: Johnston Renée , Boulay Chadwick , Miller Kai , Sachs Adam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. Advancements in data science and assistive technologies have made invasive brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) increasingly viable for enhancing the quality of life in physically disabled individuals. Intracortical microelectrode implants are a common choice for such a communication system due to their fine temporal and spatial resolution. The small size of these implants makes the implantation plan critical for the successful exfiltration of information, particularly when targeting representations of task goals that lack robust anatomical correlates. Approach. Working memory processes including encoding, retrieval, and maintenance are observed in many areas of the brain. Using human electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings during a working memory experiment, we provide proof that it is possible to localize cognitive activity associated with the task and to identify key locations involved with executive memory functions. Results. From the analysis, we could propose an optimal iBCI implant location with the desired features. The general approach is not limited to working memory but could also be used to map other goal-encoding factors such as movement intentions, decision-making, and visual-spatial attention. Significance. Deciphering the intended action of a BCI user is a complex challenge that involves the extraction and integration of cognitive factors such as movement planning, working memory, visual-spatial attention, and the decision state. Examining field potentials from ECoG electrodes while participants engaged in tailored cognitive tasks can pinpoint location with valuable information related to anticipated actions. This manuscript demonstrates the feasibility of identifying electrodes involved in cognitive activity related to working memory during user engagement in the NBack task. Devoting time in meticulous preparation to identify the optimal brain regions for BCI implant locations will increase the likelihood of rich signal outcomes, thereby improving the overall BCI user experience.
Detection of invasive ductal carcinoma by electrical impedance spectroscopy implementing gaussian relaxation-time distribution (EIS-GRTD)
Authors: Setyawan Galih , Ibrahim Kiagus Aufa , Ogawa Ryoma , Sejati Prima Asmara , Fujimoto Hiroshi , Yamamoto Hiroto , Takei Masahiro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Breast cancer detection and differentiation of breast tissues are critical for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. This study addresses the challenge of distinguishing between invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), normal glandular breast tissues (nGBT), and adipose tissue using electrical impedance spectroscopy combined with Gaussian relaxation-time distribution (EIS-GRTD). The primary objective is to investigate the relaxation-time characteristics of these tissues and their potential to differentiate between normal and abnormal breast tissues. We applied a single-point EIS-GRTD measurement to ten mastectomy specimens across a frequency range f = 4 Hz to 5 MHz. The method calculates the differential ratio of the relaxation-time distribution function

Δ
γ

between IDC and nGBT, which is denoted by

Δ

γ

IDC
−
nGBT

,

and

Δ
γ

between IDC and adipose tissues, which is denoted by

Δ

γ

IDC
−
adipose

.

As a result, the differential ratio of

Δ
γ

between IDC and nGBT

Δ

γ

IDC
−
nGBT

is 0.36, and between IDC and adipose

Δ

γ

IDC
−
adipose

is 0.27, which included in the

α

-dispersion at

τ

peak
1

=
0.033
±
0.001

s
.

In all specimens, the relaxation-time distribution function

γ

of IDC

γ

IDC

is higher, and there is no intersection with

γ

of nGBT

γ

nGBT

and adipose

γ

adipose

.

The difference in

γ

suggests potential variations in relaxation properties at the molecular or structural level within each breast tissue that contribute to the overall relaxation response. The average mean percentage error

δ

for IDC, nGBT, and adipose tissues are 5.90%, 6.33%, and 8.07%, respectively, demonstrating the model’s accuracy and reliability. This study provides novel insights into the use of relaxation-time characteristic for differentiating breast tissue types, offering potential advancements in diagnosis methods. Future research will focus on correlating EIS-GRTD finding with pathological results from the same test sites to further validate the method’s efficacy.
Equilibrium reconstruction method for self-organized plasmas on reversed field pinches with polarimeter-interferometer
Authors: HUANG 黄 Yuhua 玉华 , LIU 刘 Ke 珂 , MAO 毛 Wenzhe 文哲 , ZHU 祝 Caoxiang 曹祥 , LAN 兰 Tao 涛 , ZU 祖 Yiming 一鸣 , ZHOU 周 Yongkang 永康 , WANG 汪 Xingkang 兴康 , DENG 邓 Peng 鹏 , WANG 王 Li 立 , PENG 彭 Pai 湃 , LIU 刘 Adi 阿娣 , ZHOU 周 Chu 楚 , LIU 刘 Haifeng 海峰 , LI 李 Hong 弘 , XIE 谢 Jinlin 锦林 , XU 许 Yuhong 宇鸿 , DING 丁 Weixing 卫星 , LIU 刘 Wandong 万东 , ZHUANG 庄 Ge 革 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the reversed field pinch (RFP), plasmas exhibit various self-organized states. Among these, the three-dimensional (3D) helical state known as the “quasi-single-helical” (QSH) state enhances RFP confinement. However, accurately describing the equilibrium is challenging due to the presence of 3D structures, magnetic islands, and chaotic regions. It is difficult to obtain a balance between the available diagnostic and the real equilibrium structure. To address this issue, we introduce KTX3DFit, a new 3D equilibrium reconstruction code specifically designed for the Keda Torus eXperiment (KTX) RFP. KTX3DFit utilizes the stepped-pressure equilibrium code (SPEC) to compute 3D equilibria and uses polarimetric interferometer signals from experiments. KTX3DFit is able to reconstruct equilibria in various states, including axisymmetric, double-axis helical (DAx), and single-helical-axis (SHAx) states. Notably, this study marks the first integration of the SPEC code with internal magnetic field data for equilibrium reconstruction and could be used for other 3D configurations.
Universal and holistic privacy protection in quantum computing: a novel approach through quantum circuit equivalence homomorphic encryption
Authors: Zhang Xuejian , Chang Yan , Zeng Lin , Xue Weifeng , Yan Lili , Zhang Shibin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Due to the stringent hardware requirements and high cost, quantum computing as a service (QCaaS) is currently the main way to output quantum computing capabilities. However, the current QCaaS has significant shortcomings in privacy protection. The existing researches mainly focus on dataset privacy in some specific quantum machine learning algorithms, and there is no general and comprehensive research on privacy protection for dataset, parameter sets and algorithm models. To solve this problem, this paper defines the concept of generalized quantum homomorphic encryption and pioneers a novel method termed quantum circuit equivalence homomorphic encryption (QCEHE), aiming at protecting the privacy of the complete quantum circuits—encompassing data, parameters, and model. Based on QCEHE, a privacy protection scheme and its approximate implementation called quantum circuit equivalent substitution algorithm are proposed for any quantum algorithm, which can encrypt the complete quantum circuit on a classical computer, ensuring that the encrypted quantum circuit is physically equivalent to the original one, and does not reveal data holders’ privacy (data, parameters and model). By theoretical derivation, we prove that the proposed solution can effectively execute any quantum algorithm while protecting privacy. By applying the proposed solution to the privacy protection of the Harrow–Hassidim–Lloyd algorithm and the variational quantum classifier algorithm, the results showed that the accuracy rate before and after encryption are almost the same, which means that the proposed solution can effectively protect the privacy of data holders without impacting the usability and accuracy.
Enhancing trajectory tracking accuracy in three-wheeled mobile robots using backstepping fuzzy sliding mode control
Authors: Wendemagegn Yebekal Adgo , Ayalew Asfaw Wubshet , Abdissa Chala Merga , Lemma Lebsework Negash 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The rise in robotics technology has increased interest in ThreeWheeled Mobile Robots (TWMRs) due to their agility and adaptability across various applications. However, effectively controlling TWMRs presents a significant challenge owing to their inherent nonholonomic constraints, which restrict independent movement in all directions. Factors like sensor noise, nonlinear system dynamics, and uncertain system parameters also add to the complexity of controlling TWMRs. This research endeavors to enhance the precision of trajectory tracking in TWMRs. Specifically, it employs Backstepping Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control (BFSMC) with parameters optimized through Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), coupled with the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for state estimation. The study conducts a comprehensive performance comparison between Backstepping Sliding Mode Control (BSMC) and Backstepping Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control(BFSMC) across various trajectory patterns, revealing substantial improvements in trajectory tracking accuracy with BFSMC. BFSMC demonstrates improvements in performance across various trajectory types when considering the integral time absolute error (IAE). Specifically, it achieves a 51.97% improvement for circular trajectories, an 82.09% improvement for infinity trajectories, and an 84.073% improvement for spiral trajectories. Moreover, BFSMC demonstrates superior robustness in the presence of disturbances, noise, parameter variations, and unmodeled dynamics compared to BSMC. Integrating the Extended Kalman Filter further improves accuracy, particularly in noisy conditions.
Novel meta-learning for few-shot bearing fault diagnosis under varying working conditions
Authors: Wang Chuanhao , Peng Jigang , Sun Yongjian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In practical engineering, large amount data and variable working conditions poses a challenge to most existing Deep Learning(DL) methods. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new meta-learning approach. Under the condition of limited data, the fault diagnosis under variable working conditions is regarded as a problem with fewer lenses, and the fault diagnosis of few samples across working scenes is carried out based on the Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning(MAML). Gradient-by-gradient rules are used for parameter optimization to achieve an efficient representation of these tasks. Then, the attention mechanism is applied to improve the efficiency of the training. Finally, experiments verified the fault diagnosis accuracy under various working conditions.
Sex-specific manipulation of sexually cannibalistic mantid mating behavior by hairworms
Authors: Kuroda Kazuki , Kuroda Takahiro , Nishino Hiroto , Takami Yasuoki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Changes in the morphology, physiology, and behavior of parasitized organisms provide an ideal opportunity to examine the extended phenotype of parasites. Because the quality of the host directly affects the fitness of the parasite, parasites may increase their fitness by manipulating phenotypes of low-quality hosts. Males are usually preyed on by females in sexual cannibalism. Thus, the males of sexually cannibalistic species are unsafe and low-quality hosts for parasites, whereas females may be beneficial hosts because of the chance of nutrient intake from cannibalized males. Under passive modes of transmission, parasites cannot choose the host sex. Such parasites exploiting sexually cannibalistic organisms are subjected to contrasting fitness effects and may evolve to manipulate host mating behavior in a sex-specific manner: decreasing male mating to avoid cannibalism and promoting female mating to engage in cannibalism. We examined this hypothesis by a behavioral experiment using a mantid–hairworm system. Parasitized male mantids (Tenodera angustipennis) changed their behavior as expected, exhibiting increased escapes and decreased courtships and mountings, potentially avoiding encounters with the female. Interestingly, male attack behavior was promoted, possibly decreasing contact with the encountered female. However, contrary to our prediction, parasitized females also exhibited decreased propensities of mating, suggesting costs or little benefits of host mating for parasites in the female host. This study provides novel insights into the evolution of parasite strategies in response to sexual differences in host quality.
Comprehensive assessment of long-read sequencing platforms and calling algorithms for detection of copy number variation
Authors: Yuan Na , Jia Peilin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) play pivotal roles in disease susceptibility and have been intensively investigated in human disease studies. Long-read sequencing technologies offer opportunities for comprehensive structural variation (SV) detection, and numerous methodologies have been developed recently. Consequently, there is a pressing need to assess these methods and aid researchers in selecting appropriate techniques for CNV detection using long-read sequencing. Hence, we conducted an evaluation of eight CNV calling methods across 22 datasets from nine publicly available samples and 15 simulated datasets, covering multiple sequencing platforms. The overall performance of CNV callers varied substantially and was influenced by the input dataset type, sequencing depth, and CNV type, among others. Specifically, the PacBio CCS sequencing platform outperformed PacBio CLR and Nanopore platforms regarding CNV detection recall rates. A sequencing depth of 10x demonstrated the capability to identify 85% of the CNVs detected in a 50x dataset. Moreover, deletions were more generally detectable than duplications. Among the eight benchmarked methods, cuteSV, Delly, pbsv, and Sniffles2 demonstrated superior accuracy, while SVIM exhibited high recall rates.
Improving wild animal welfare through contraception
Authors: Eckerström Liedholm Simon , Hecht Luke , Elliott Vittoria 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To date, research on the welfare impacts of wildlife contraceptives has mostly been focused on the potential harms of contraceptives. However, there are compelling theoretical reasons to expect direct and indirect welfare benefits of wildlife contraceptives. These positive welfare effects would be experienced by more than just the treated individuals, because per capita resource availability will increase with decreasing numbers of individuals sharing a resource. In the present article, we discuss the potential for wildlife contraceptives to alleviate resource competition and their associated negative welfare effects at different scales. These effects are expected to vary across contexts and would presumably be stronger when wildlife contraceptives are used with the explicit purpose of improving wild animal welfare. The potential for considerable welfare gains for wildlife through the targeted use of contraceptives highlights the importance of both species-specific studies on the welfare benefits of wildlife contraceptives and further research on the links between population dynamics and wild animal welfare.