bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naples Prognostic Score, Based on Nutritional and Inflammatory Status, is an Independent Predictor of Long-term Outcome in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Galizia Gennaro , Lieto Eva , Auricchio Annamaria , Cardella Francesca , Mabilia Andrea , Podzemny Vlasta , Castellano Paolo , Orditura Michele , Napolitano Vincenzo 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND:
The existing scores reflecting the patient’s nutritional and inflammatory status do not include all biomarkers and have been poorly studied in colorectal cancers.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to assess a new prognostic tool, the Naples prognostic score, comparing it with the prognostic nutritional index, controlling nutritional status score, and systemic inflammation score.

DESIGN:
This was an analysis of patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer.

SETTINGS:
The study was conducted at a university hospital.

PATIENTS:
A total of 562 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer in July 2004 through June 2014 and 468 patients undergoing potentially curative surgery were included. MaxStat analysis dichotomized neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte:monocyte ratio, prognostic nutritional index, and the controlling nutritional status score. The Naples prognostic scores were divided into 3 groups (group 0, 1, and 2). The receiver operating characteristic curve for censored survival data compared the prognostic performance of the scoring systems.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Overall survival and complication rates in all patients, as well as recurrence and disease-free survival rates in radically resected patients, were measured.

RESULTS:
The Naples prognostic score correlated positively with the other scoring systems (p < 0.001) and worsened with advanced tumor stages (p < 0.001). Patients with the worst Naples prognostic score experienced more postoperative complications (all patients, p = 0.010; radically resected patients, p = 0.026). Compared with group 0, patients in groups 1 and 2 had worse overall (group 1, HR = 2.90; group 2, HR = 8.01; p < 0.001) and disease-free survival rates (group 1, HR = 2.57; group 2, HR = 6.95; p < 0.001). Only the Naples prognostic score was an independent significant predictor of overall (HR = 2.0; p = 0.03) and disease-free survival rates (HR = 2.6; p = 0.01). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the Naples prognostic score had the best prognostic performance and discriminatory power for overall (p = 0.02) and disease-free survival (p = 0.04).

LIMITATIONS:
This is a single-center study, and its validity needs additional external validation.

CONCLUSIONS:
The Naples prognostic score is a simple tool strongly associated with long-term outcome in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A469.
A Novel Window Technique Using CO2 Laser, and a Review of Methods for Nail Matrix Biopsy of Longitudinal Melanonychia
Authors: Ohn Jungyoon , Jo Gwanghyun , Chae Je Byeong , Mun Je-Ho 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND
Nail matrix histopathological examination is essential to diagnose longitudinal melanonychia (LM). Several methods for nail matrix biopsy have been introduced but are often difficult to perform because of their invasiveness and technical difficulty. Therefore, a less invasive and novel biopsy technique is needed.

OBJECTIVE
To introduce a window technique for nail matrix biopsy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and histopathological specimens of patients with LM who underwent the window technique for nail matrix biopsy at our institution between September 2015 and December 2016.

RESULTS
Eleven cases from 10 patients with LM were subjected to our tailored window technique assisted by carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and dermoscopy. We performed nail plate dermoscopy to select the biopsy site and used CO2 laser to create the window in the proximal nail plate. Nail matrix pigmentation was carefully investigated using intraoperative dermoscopy. The technique established appropriate diagnosis in 11 LM cases, without significant complications, as follows: melanoma in situ (4 cases) and nail matrix activation (7 cases).

CONCLUSION
The window technique assisted by CO2 laser and dermoscopy can be a minimally invasive and effective method for nail matrix LM biopsy under local anesthesia.
The Science of Addiction and Criminal Law
Authors: Morse Stephen J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Although there is debate in the scientific and clinical literature about how much choice addicts have concerning the use of drugs and related activities, this article demonstrates that Anglo-American criminal law is most consistent with the position that addicts have substantial choice about engaging in crimes involving their addiction. It suggests that the criminal law’s approach is consistent with plausible and reasonable current scientific and clinical understanding of addiction and is therefore defensible, but it also suggests that the law is unduly harsh and far from optimum.
Legal Evidence of Subjective States: A Brain-Based Model of Chronic Pain Increases Accuracy and Fairness in Law
Authors: Pustilnik Amanda C. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Advances in structural and functional neuroimaging offer new ways to conceptualize chronic pain disorders and to prevent, diagnose, and treat chronic pain. Advances in pain science, though, do not entail changes in the concepts of chronic pain in law and culture. Authoritative legal and cultural conceptions of chronic pain continue to promote abstruse theories, characterizing these disorders as arising out of everything from a person’s unmet need for love to resistance to “patriarchy.” These constructs have consequences, impeding treatment and affecting whether individuals with chronic pain can obtain legal redress. Legal systems themselves are disadvantaged, as adjudicators struggle to make sense of regulations and presumptions at odds with the medical evidence that they must evaluate. Law’s pain schema is so misdescriptive that, paradoxically, it can reward fraudulent claims and disadvantage legitimate ones. This review discusses advances in neuroimaging and related sciences that are contributing to an emerging neurological model of chronic pain. It then describes doctrines and cases in the United States and United Kingdom, demonstrating how law’s pre-neurological model of pain complicates the legal process for all participants. It concludes with suggestions for doctrinal revisions, which may have broader effects on law’s long-standing dualistic conception of body versus mind.
Prevalence and Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women
Authors: Price Collin M. , Peters Remco P.H. , Steyn Janré , Mudau Maanda , Olivier Dawie , De Vos Lindsey , Morikawa Erika , Kock Marleen M. , Medina-Marino Andrew , Klausner Jeffrey D. 
Published: November 2017

Background

Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted infection associated with increased transmission of HIV and significant adverse birth outcomes; culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are commonly used in diagnosis.

Methods
Consenting HIV-infected pregnant women were recruited from clinics in South Africa and screened for T. vaginalis using PCR. Polymerase chain reaction–positive women provided an additional sample for culture. We compared T. vaginalis detection between PCR and culture, and investigated how PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values differ among culture results.

Results
A total of 359 women were enrolled and 76 (20%) tested T. vaginalis PCR positive. Cultures were obtained from 61 of the PCR-positive women, and 38 (62%) were culture positive. The median baseline Ct of the PCR-positive/culture-positive group was 22.6 versus 38.0 among those who were PCR positive/culture negative (P < 0.001). Culture-positive cases had lower Ct values (higher DNA load); a Ct value less than 30 predicted positivity with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 96%.

Conclusions
Culture was positive in roughly half of PCR-positive cases. The culture-negative cases had significantly higher Ct values, indicating a lower concentration of T. vaginalis DNA. A Ct value of 30 provides a reliable threshold for predicting culture positivity. The clinical significance of culture-negative infections detected by PCR is still unclear.
Cognitive Development One Year After Infantile Critical Pertussis*
Authors: Berger John T. , Villalobos Michele E. , Clark Amy E. , Holubkov Richard , Pollack Murray M. , Berg Robert A. , Carcillo Joseph A. , Dalton Heidi , Harrison Rick , Meert Kathleen L. , Newth Christopher J. L. , Shanley Thomas P. , Wessel David L. , Anand Kanwaljeet J. S. , Zimmerman Jerry J. , Sanders Ronald C. , Liu Teresa , Burr Jeri S. , Willson Douglas F. , Doctor Allan , Dean J. Michael , Jenkins Tammara L. , Nicholson Carol E. 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
Pertussis can cause life-threatening illness in infants. Data regarding neurodevelopment after pertussis remain scant. The aim of this study was to assess cognitive development of infants with critical pertussis 1 year after PICU discharge.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Eight hospitals comprising the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network and 18 additional sites across the United States.

Patients:
Eligible patients had laboratory confirmation of pertussis infection, were less than 1 year old, and were admitted to the PICU for at least 24 hours.

Interventions:
The Mullen Scales of Early Learning was administered at a 1-year follow-up visit. Functional status was determined by examination and parental interview.

Measurements and Main Results:
Of 196 eligible patients, 111 (57%) completed the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. The mean scores for visual reception, receptive language, and expressive language domains were significantly lower than the norms (p < 0.001), but not fine and gross motor domains. Forty-one patients (37%) had abnormal scores in at least one domain and 10 (9%) had an Early Learning Composite score 2 or more sds below the population norms. Older age (p < 0.003) and Hispanic ethnicity (p < 0.008) were associated with lower mean Early Learning Composite score, but presenting symptoms and PICU course were not.

Conclusions:
Infants who survive critical pertussis often have neurodevelopmental deficits. These infants may benefit from routine neurodevelopmental screening.
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Analysis of Abdominal Organs
Authors: Phi Van Valerie Doan , Becker Anton S. , Ciritsis Alexander , Reiner Caecilia S. , Boss Andreas 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the accuracy of quantitative intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) analysis of the upper abdomen applying simultaneous multislice (SMS) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to reduce acquisition time.

Materials and Methods
Diffusion-weighted imaging of parenchymal abdominal organs was performed in 8 healthy volunteers at 3 T using a standard DWI sequence (acceleration factor 1 [AF1]) and an SMS-accelerated echo planar imaging sequence with acceleration factors 2 and 3 (AF2/AF3). Intravoxel incoherent motion analysis was performed with a multistep algorithm for true diffusion coefficient (D

t
), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*), and fraction of perfusion (F

p
) measured for the liver, kidney cortex and medulla, pancreas, spleen, and erector spinae muscle. Qualitative and quantitative parameters were compared using a repeated measurement 1-way analysis of variance test and the Bonferroni post hoc method.

Results
Simultaneous multislice DWI provided diagnostic image quality in all volunteers with a reduction of scan time of 50% for AF2 (67% for AF3) compared with the standard sequence. Decent IVIM analysis for D

t
, D*, and F

p
can be calculated on the images of both the SMS sequences AF2 and AF3 with typical organ characteristics of IVIM; however, systematical deviations from AF1 were observed: D

t
values increased and F

p
decreased significantly with higher acceleration factor for liver, kidney, pancreas, and muscle (P < 0.05). Fitting curves of higher acceleration factors tend to be more monoexponentially shaped.

Conclusions
Simultaneous multislice acceleration provides considerable scan time reduction for upper abdomen DWI with equivalent quality of IVIM analysis compared with the standard nonaccelerated technique. Systematic discrepancies of the true D

t
, D*, and F

p
for SMS acquisitions need to be considered when comparing to standard DWI sequences.
Improving Ultrasound Detection of Uterine Adenomyosis Through Computational Texture Analysis
Authors: Konrad Joseph , Merck Derek , Wu Jie Ying , Tuomi Adam , Beland Michael 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The purpose of our study was to determine if a textural analysis metric can be implemented to improve diagnosis of adenomyosis by ultrasound.
We retrospectively identified 38 patients with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis of uterine adenomyosis that also had a pelvic ultrasound within 6 months. We also identified 50 normal pelvic ultrasound examinations confirmed by a normal pelvic MRI within 6 months as a control group. A region of interest (ROI) was subsequently placed on the study population ultrasound image corresponding to the area of adenomyosis on MRI. An ROI was placed in the area of the junctional zone in the normal controls. The abnormal and normal ROIs were then compared against trained normal and abnormal distributions to determine the success rate, sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of our computer metric. The ultrasound reports performed before MRI were also reviewed to determine the radiologist correct/incorrect interpretation rate for comparison with our textural analysis metric.
Using a training population of 50 normal ultrasound examinations (confirmed with a normal MRI) and 38 abnormal ultrasound examinations (MRI confirmed adenomyosis), we had an overall 75% (66/88 accurately diagnosed) success rate with a sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of 70%, 79%, 73%, and 76%, respectively (P < .0001). The sensitivity and false-negative rate of the initial ultrasound interpretation were 26% (10/38) and 74% (28/38), respectively.
Causal Analysis of World Health Organization's Surgical Safety Checklist Implementation Quality and Impact on Care Processes and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Haugen Arvid Steinar , Wæhle Hilde Valen , Almeland Stian Kreken , Harthug Stig , Sevdalis Nick , Eide Geir Egil , Nortvedt Monica Wammen , Smith Ingrid , Søfteland Eirik 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
We hypothesize that high-quality implementation of the World Health Organization's Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) will lead to improved care processes and subsequently reduction of peri- and postoperative complications.

Background:
Implementation of the SSC was associated with robust reduction in morbidity and length of in-hospital stay in a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in 2 Norwegian hospitals. Further investigation of precisely how the SSC improves care processes and subsequently patient outcomes is needed to understand the causal mechanisms of improvement.

Methods:
Care process metrics are reported from one of our earlier trial hospitals. Primary outcomes were in-hospital complications and care process metrics, e.g., patient warming and antibiotics. Secondary outcome was quality of SSC implementation. Analyses include Pearson's exact χ
2 test and binary logistic regression.

Results:
A total of 3702 procedures (1398 control vs. 2304 intervention procedures) were analyzed. High-quality SSC implementation (all 3 checklist parts) improved processes and outcomes of care. Use of forced air warming blankets increased from 35.3% to 42.4% (P < 0.001). Antibiotic administration postincision decreased from 12.5% to 9.8%, antibiotic administration preincision increased from 54.5% to 63.1%, and nonadministration of antibiotics decreased from 33.0% to 27.1%. Surgical infections decreased from 7.4% (104/1398) to 3.6% (P < 0.001). Adjusted SSC effect on surgical infections resulted in an odds ratio (OR) of 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38–0.72) for intervention procedures, 0.54 (95% CI: 0.37–0.79) for antibiotics provided before incision, and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.11–0.52) when using forced air warming blankets. Blood transfusion costs were reduced by 40% with the use of the SSC.

Conclusions:
When implemented well, the SSC improved operating room care processes; subsequently, high-quality SSC implementation and improved care processes led to better patient outcomes.
Electrophysiological Study of the Frontal Branch of the Facial Nerve in Normal Subjects
Authors: Cappellari Alberto M. 
Published: November 2017

Introduction:
The authors compared the electrophysiological results of the frontal branch over the main trunk stimulation of the facial nerve in normal subjects.

Methods:
Nerve conduction studies of the main trunk and frontal branch of the facial nerve were performed on both sides of 31 healthy subjects, recording the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) from the frontalis muscle.

Results:
A good quality CMAP was obtained in all subjects after stimulation of the frontal branch, but only in 64.5% of nerves after stimulation of the main trunk of the facial nerve. Furthermore, nerve conduction studies of the frontal branch required less intense stimuli and were better tolerated.

Conclusions:
The authors suggest that stimulation of the frontal branch is a simple, reliable and well-tolerated technique to evaluate the facial nerve.
Variation in recombination frequency and distribution across eukaryotes: patterns and processes
Authors: Stapley Jessica , Feulner Philine G. D. , Johnston Susan E. , Santure Anna W. , Smadja Carole M. 
Published: November 2017

Recombination, the exchange of DNA between maternal and paternal chromosomes during meiosis, is an essential feature of sexual reproduction in nearly all multicellular organisms. While the role of recombination in the evolution of sex has received theoretical and empirical attention, less is known about how recombination rateitselfevolves and what influence this has on evolutionary processes within sexually reproducing organisms. Here, we explore the patterns of, and processes governing recombination in eukaryotes. We summarize patterns of variation, integrating current knowledge with an analysis of linkage map data in 353 organisms. We then discuss proximate and ultimate processes governing recombination rate variation and consider how these influence evolutionary processes. Genome-wide recombination rates (cM/Mb) can vary more than tenfold across eukaryotes, and there is large variation in the distribution of recombination events across closely related taxa, populations and individuals. We discuss how variation in rate and distribution relates to genome architecture, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, sex, environmental perturbations and variable selective pressures. There has been great progress in determining the molecular mechanisms governing recombination, and with the continued development of new modelling and empirical approaches, there is now also great opportunity to further our understanding of how and why recombination rate varies.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evolutionary causes and consequences of recombination rate variation in sexual organisms’.
Evolution of recombination rates between sex chromosomes
Authors: Charlesworth Deborah 
Published: November 2017

In species with genetic sex-determination, the chromosomes carrying the sex-determining genes have often evolved non-recombining regions and subsequently evolved the full set of characteristics denoted by the term ‘sex chromosomes’. These include size differences, creating chromosomal heteromorphism, and loss of gene functions from one member of the chromosome pair. Such characteristics and changes have been widely reviewed, and underlie molecular genetic approaches that can detect sex chromosome regions. This review deals mainly with the evolution of new non-recombining regions, focusing on how certain evolutionary situations select for suppressed recombination (rather than the proximate mechanisms causing suppressed recombination between sex chromosomes). Particularly important is the likely involvement of sexually antagonistic polymorphisms in genome regions closely linked to sex-determining loci. These may be responsible for the evolutionary strata of sex chromosomes that have repeatedly formed by recombination suppression evolving across large genome regions. More studies of recently evolved non-recombining sex-determining regions should help to test this hypothesis empirically, and may provide evidence about whether other situations can sometimes lead to sex-linked regions evolving. Similarities with other non-recombining genome regions are discussed briefly, to illustrate common features of the different cases, though no general properties apply to all of them.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evolutionary causes and consequences of recombination rate variation in sexual organisms’.
Promoting employees’ learning from errors by inclusive leadership
Authors: Ye Qingyan , Wang Duanxu , Li Xi 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
In today’s complex and challenging work environment, employees’ learning from errors has become critical to organizations’ survival and success. While the literature has highlighted the importance of inclusive leadership for learning behavior in organizations, research on how inclusive leadership promotes employees’ learning from errors has been limited. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by developing and testing a moderated mediation model that emphasizes the key roles of positive mood and gender in the relationship between inclusive leadership and employees’ learning from errors.

Design/methodology/approach
A multi-time survey method was used in this study to collect data from 202 full-time employees working in China.

Findings
The hypothesized moderated mediation model in this study was supported. Inclusive leadership facilitated employees’ learning from errors through employees’ positive mood, and employees’ gender moderated both the direct relationship between inclusive leadership and employees’ positive mood and the indirect relationship between inclusive leadership and employees’ learning from errors through employees’ positive mood: the relationships were stronger for female employees than for male employees.

Originality/value
By incorporating the social role theory into the affective events theory framework, this study may help to open the “black box” of the relationship between inclusive leadership and employees’ learning from errors by explicating the importance of positive mood and gender, thereby shedding light on the timely issues of inclusive leadership, mood, and learning from errors in the workplace.