bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate‐driven winter variations of Calanus sinicus abundance in the East China Sea
Authors: Molinero Juan Carlos , Tseng Li‐Chun , Lopez‐Lopez Lucia , Sommer Ulrich , Souissi Sami , Hwang Jiang‐Shiou 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGlobal environmental changes threaten the sustainable use of resources and raise uncertainties regarding marine populations' responses in a changing Ocean. The pelagic copepods of the genus Calanus play a central role in shelf ecosystems transferring phytoplankton carbon to harvested populations, from boreal to temperate regions. Here we examined a 15‐yr time series of Calanus sinicus abundance in regards to climate forcing in the East China Sea. We identified a compound effect of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) on environmental conditions in the East China Sea. Such climate influences not only a southward transport of C. sinicus from its population centres into the Taiwan area, but favours advantageous thermal conditions for the species as well. On the interannual scale, our results show that the population size of C. sinicus echoes climate‐driven temperature changes. Hence, the possibility of using the PDO and EAWM variability for assessing and predicting interannual abundance changes of C. sinicus in the East China Sea is considered. The observed close relationship between climate and C. sinicus may promote bottom‐up controls in the pelagic food web, further influencing the southern edge of the species' geographic distribution. Owing to the prominent role this species plays in food web dynamics these results might help integrative fisheries management policies in the heavily exploited East China Sea.
Delta globin gene variations leading to reduction in HbA2 levels
Authors: Hariharan P. , Colaco S. , Colah R. , Ghosh K. , Nadkarni A. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIntroductionMutations in the δ‐globin gene are not pathogenically relevant, but co‐inheritance of δ‐globin variants along with β‐globin gene defects can mask the diagnosis of β‐thalassaemia trait.MethodsRoutine haematological parameters were carried out. Molecular analysis of β‐globin gene mutations was carried out by CRDB, ARMS and DNA sequencing. δ‐ globin gene analysis was carried out by DNA sequencing.ResultsIn this case study, we report a β−thalassaemia trait (IVS 1‐5G→C) (HBB:c.92 + 5G→C) with HbA2 of 1% showing the presence of δ‐globin gene variant HbA2 St. George CD 81 (C→T) (HBD:c.244C→T). A similar observation was reported in another unrelated patient who showed near absence of HbA2 level in HPLC. He showed a presence of δ‐globin gene mutation HbA2 Saurashtra CD 100(C→T) (HBD: c.301C→T) and a single 3.7 kb deletion in the α‐globin gene.ConclusionIn the countries, where β‐thalassaemia is prevalent, an awareness and detection of different δ‐globin gene mutations is important, as complex interactions between these haemoglobinopathies can lead to the misdiagnosis of β‐thalassaemia carriers.
Development of a NanoString assay to detect leukemogenic fusion transcripts in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hu D. , Zhou W. , Wang F. , Shu S. M. , Fan L. L. , He J. , Wang P. , He Y. L. , Du W. , Zhang J. H. , Duan J. X. , Sun L. , Zheng J. , Li X. Q. , Li H. Y. , Feng X. L. , Huang S. A. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIntroductionDetection of leukemogenic fusion transcripts in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is critical for AML diagnosis. NanoString nCounter system is a novel probe‐based gene expression platform capable of measuring up to 800 targets with advantages of reproducibility, accuracy, and sample type flexibility. To study the potential application of NanoString in leukemia at clinic, we used this technology to detect AML leukemogenic fusion transcripts and compared the performances with clinical molecular assays.MethodsWe developed a NanoString assay to detect seven leukemogenic fusion transcripts, namely RUNX1‐RUNX1T1 (e5e12), PML‐RARA (bcr1, bcr2, and bcr3), and CBFB‐MYH11 (e5e12, e5e8, and e5e7). We set up the cut‐off value for each fusion transcript and tested 42 de novo AML samples. We compared the results with reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and TaqMan reverse quantitative‐polymerase chain reaction (RQ‐PCR), the molecular methods standardly used at clinic.ResultsWe demonstrated that the NanoString and RT‐PCR results correlate well (P < 0.0001) and are highly concordant (95.2%). Using TaqMan RQ‐PCR as a validation method and gold standard, we demonstrated superior accuracy and sensitivity of NanoString compared to RT‐PCR and comparable specificity. Furthermore, we showed that NanoString is not as sensitive as TaqMan RQ‐PCR in detecting very low level of fusion transcripts.ConclusionsNanoString can serve as a reliable and alternative molecular method to multiplexed RT‐PCR for diagnosis of de novo AML with the perspective of screening/quantitation of a large number of leukemogenic fusion transcripts and prognostic genes. However, NanoString may not be an alternative method for monitoring minimal residual disease in AML.
The Benefits of Supporting the Autonomy of Individuals with Mild Intellectual Disabilities: An Experimental Study
Authors: Emond Pelletier Julie , Joussemet Mireille 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThe benefits of autonomy support with the general population have been demonstrated numerous times. However, little research has been conducted to verify if these benefits apply to people with special needs.MethodsThe goal of the study was to examine whether autonomy support (AS) can foster the sense of autonomy of people with a mild intellectual disabilities (MIDs) and improve their experience while engaging in an important but unpleasant learning activity. This experiment compares the effects of two contexts: with and without AS. All participants (N = 51) had a mild intellectual disability and were recruited from rehabilitation centres.ResultsCompared to participants in the control group, participants in the AS group tended to experience greater autonomy satisfaction and tended to perceive more value to the activity. They were also significantly more engaged in it, and they experienced a steeper decrease in anxiety over time.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the benefits of AS extend to individuals with mild intellectual disability.
No relationship between prenatal androgen exposure and autistic traits: convergent evidence from studies of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and of amniotic testosterone concentrations in typically developing children
Authors: Kung Karson T. F. , Spencer Debra , Pasterski Vickie , Neufeld Sharon , Glover Vivette , O'Connor Thomas G. , Hindmarsh Peter C. , Hughes Ieuan A. , Acerini Carlo L. , Hines Melissa 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThere is a marked male preponderance in autism spectrum conditions. The extreme male brain theory and the fetal androgen theory of autism suggest that elevated prenatal testosterone exposure is a key contributor to autistic traits. The current paper reports findings from two separate studies that test this hypothesis.MethodsA parent‐report questionnaire, the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST), was employed to measure autistic traits in both studies. The first study examined autistic traits in young children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a condition causing unusually high concentrations of testosterone prenatally in girls. Eighty one children with CAH (43 girls) and 72 unaffected relatives (41 girls), aged 4–11 years, were assessed. The second study examined autistic traits in relation to amniotic testosterone in 92 typically developing children (48 girls), aged 3–5 years.ResultsFindings from neither study supported the association between prenatal androgen (testosterone) exposure and autistic traits. Specifically, young girls with and without CAH did not differ significantly in CAST scores and amniotic testosterone concentrations were not significantly associated with CAST scores in boys, girls, or the whole sample.ConclusionsThese studies do not support a relationship between prenatal testosterone exposure and autistic traits. These findings augment prior research suggesting no consistent relationship between early androgen exposure and autistic traits.
Nutritional status of Vietnamese outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Hogan D. , Lan L. T. T. , Diep D. T. N. , Gallegos D. , Collins P. F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundNutritional screening and assessment is not currently part of routine clinical practice in Vietnam. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the utility of the commonly used methods for identifying malnutrition in outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsA cross‐sectional pilot study and a larger retrospective study were carried out in outpatients with COPD who were attending a respiratory clinic in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Routine clinical data were collected [body mass index (BMI), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)]. Nutritional screening and assessment were performed using the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) as the gold standard to diagnose malnutrition.ResultsIn total, 393 outpatients had documented BMI and 29 were prospectively assessed using SGA: males, n = 25; females, n = 4; mean (SD) age 69.7 (9.6) years; mean (SD) BMI 21.0 (3.4) kg m–2; mean (SD) FEV1 percentage predicted 57.0% (19.7%). Malnutrition risk was identified in 20.7% (n = 6) of patients using the MST (38% sensitivity; 94% specificity). However, 45% (n = 13) were diagnosed as malnourished using the SGA (31% mild/moderate; 14% severe). All malnourished patients not identified by the MST had evidence of muscle wasting. BMI had a strong negative correlation with muscle wasting as assessed using the SGA (r = −0.857, n = 28; P < 0.001) and all malnourished patients had a BMI <21 kg m–2 (range 14.6–20.8 kg m–2, nourished range 20.0–27.6 kg m–2).ConclusionsMalnutrition is common in Vietnamese outpatients with COPD. A BMI threshold of <21 kg m–2 appears to represent a useful and pragmatic cut‐off point for identifying outpatients requiring comprehensive nutritional assessment and support.
Anatomical study of the auditory region of Arctotherium tarijense (Ursidae, Tremarctinae), an extinct short‐faced bear from the Pleistocene of South America
Authors: Arnaudo Maria Eugenia , Bona Paula , Soibelzon Leopoldo Hector , Schubert Blaine W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHere we present the most detailed morphological study of the auditory region of a tremarctinae bear, Arctotherium tarijense Ameghino. In addition, we provide new anatomical information of the Tremarctinae inner ear, such as coplanarity and deviation from orthogonality of the semicircular canals, as an approach to infer the head movements which encountered the extinct forms in locomotion. Based on morphological comparisons, A. tarijense exhibits the following particular features: the cavum tympani presents the highest relative volume compared with other ursids; the processus paraoccipitalis has a foramen that is absent in other tremarctines; there is only one (ventral) recess in the anterior region of the cavum tympani; and the recessus epytimpanicus is the smallest for all ursids studied. In relation to the inner ear, A. tarijense shows the lowest values of orthogonality deviation and highest scores of locomotor agility. Based on this, is possible to make a preliminary proposal that this species had a relative high vestibular sensibility and therefore a better ability to explore different kind of habitats. However, this hypothesis might be contrasted among bears taking into account the orientation of each semicircular canal in a phylogenetic framework.
Post‐traumatic stress disorder and its predictors among bereaved Tibetan adolescents four years after the Yushu earthquake: a cross‐sectional survey in China
Authors: Dongling Liu , Hui Chen , Ling Ma , Wenqian Bie , Zailiang Liu , Changying Chen 
Published: July 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine the prevalence of post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms and to explore the predictive factors of post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms among bereaved adolescents four years after the Yushu earthquake.BackgroundOn 14 April 2010, the 7·1‐magnitude Yushu earthquake occurred in the high‐altitude, hypoxia‐prone regions primarily inhabited by ethnic minorities. Many adolescents lost their parents during the earthquake. This study examined post‐traumatic stress disorder and its predictors among bereaved Tibetan adolescents four years after the trauma in China.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsThis study used a cross‐sectional design with 830 bereaved adolescents. Participant demographic data included gender, age and grade, and the earthquake exposure variables included the deceased relatives, whether they were buried, injured or amputated (non‐life‐threatening) and whether they witnessed a burial, injury or death. The post‐traumatic stress disorder Checklist‐Civilian version was used to assess the symptoms and prevalence of post‐traumatic stress disorder, and the Coping Style Scale assessed coping styles.ResultsThe results indicated that the prevalence of post‐traumatic stress disorder was 19·3%. Individuals who were buried, injured or amputated (non‐life‐threatening), who witnessed a burial, injury or death, who suffered severe property loss during the earthquake and who had negative coping skills were the most likely individuals to have post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms.ConclusionsThe presence of post‐traumatic stress disorder was very prevalent among adolescents four years after the Yushu earthquake. Effective mental health services should be developed to facilitate postdisaster recovery for bereaved adolescents at high risk for post‐traumatic stress disorder.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings in this study improve our understanding of post‐traumatic stress disorder and related risk factors in bereaved adolescents in non‐Western communities, providing useful information for rebuilding and relief work.
Cues and clues predicting presence of symptoms of depression in stroke survivors
Authors: Barra Mathias , Evensen Gina Sophie Hvidsten , Valeberg Berit Taraldsen 
Published: July 2016

Aims and objectivesTo investigate to what extent self‐reported cues about lack of treatment or concerns about inadequate health care from stroke survivors were associated with symptoms of depression.BackgroundStroke survivors are prone to depression, and thus, any easily available cues which may inform healthcare workers about patients' mental well‐being are potentially important. This study investigates whether two such cues – Cue 1 the subjectively reported lack of access to rehabilitation, and more generally, Cue 2 an expressed concern that their healthcare needs may not be adequately met – may be clinically relevant to be on the outlook for.DesignA cross‐sectional survey of stroke survivors three months after discharge from a stroke unit.MethodsAnalysis of data on stroke survivors collected at three months after discharge from a hospital's stroke unit, by means of a mailed questionnaire. Descriptive statistics for the sample population were computed, and a binary logistic model fitted to estimate the impact of subjectively perceived lack of rehabilitation and subjectively reported low confidence in the healthcare system on symptoms of depression as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.ResultsThe percentage of patients reporting the presence of symptoms of depression three months postdischarge (22·6%) was consistent with the main body of literature on this subject. Both cues investigated had a significant (p < 0·05) and elevated odds ratio–Cue 1 odds ratio = 4·7 (1·3–18·4) and Cue 2 odds ratio = 2·8 (1·2–6·4), respectively – for showing symptoms of depression in our population.ConclusionHealthcare workers who come in contact with stroke survivors who report having missed out on rehabilitation or express concern that their care needs may not be adequately met by their access to health care should ensure that the patients' mental well‐being is being duly monitored and should consider further investigation for depression.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare workers who come into contact with stroke survivors should pay attention to patients' remonstrance of access to rehabilitation, or concerns about adequacy of received care, as these might constitute cues for the presence of symptoms of depression.
Developing a tool to measure the factors influencing nurses’ enjoyment of nursing
Authors: Wilkes Lesley , Doull Michelle , Ng Chok Harrison , Mashingaidze Gladys 
Published: July 2016

Aims and objectivesTo develop a tool to measure the influencing nurses’ enjoyment of nursing.BackgroundEnjoyment in the workplace is an influential aspect found to boost work morale, job satisfaction leading to higher work retention which is important in nursing given the availability of nurses in the workforce. This study looks to refine the determinants of enjoyment from nurses in a large metropolitan hospital in western Sydney.DesignQuantitative.MethodsA 23‐item survey questionnaire was used to ask nurses to rate the determinants that affect their enjoyment of nursing on a five‐point Likert scale. The survey was distributed in a hard copy and online through a hospital‐wide broadcast. Demographic items were also collected.ResultsA total of 124 responses were received, of which 54 were from online and 70 from hard copy surveys. The data analysis found 16 determinants of enjoyment. Of these, four were perceived by over 80% of the nurses to negatively impact their enjoyment. In contrast, nine items showed a positive effect on enjoyment with educating others, connecting with others, variety of work, doing and sharing with others, supporting others being the most positive (≥89% of responses). Three items were considered neutral: criticism, busy workload and changing policies.ConclusionsThis study has added to the growing evidence on nurse enjoyment and its effects on job satisfaction. Nurses enjoy caring for patients and also find enjoyment and satisfaction in teaching others to care as well as socially connecting.Relevance to clinical practiceEnjoyment seems to be one of the main reasons nurses continue to stay in nursing even though the system and people are not always supportive, encouraging or conducive to career development.
Parental smoking and children undergoing anesthesia: Is there a role for pediatric hospitals in smoking cessation?
Authors: Niedermeier Krista , Selleck Cynthia S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposePediatric hospitals within the Children's Hospital Association were surveyed to determine their tobacco cessation efforts for parents/patients.Design and MethodsElectronic surveys were sent to 75 anesthesia providers and/or preoperative surgery specialists at 41 facilities.ResultsA total of 52 completed surveys were returned. The majority (97%) of facilities were smoke‐free, and 68% included preoperative questions about parental smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Few offered cessation assistance.Practice ImplicationsPediatric hospitals have a role in parental smoking cessation. This article provides recommendations for pediatric hospitals to assist parents to overcome their addiction to tobacco as they strive to provide the best possible healthcare services for children.
Does Christ's Law Apply to All?
Authors: Mobbs Frank 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAre the commands and exhortations of the Lord Jesus directed to his disciples only or are they directed to all mankind? The question arises from an examination of traditional Jewish teaching, around the time of Jesus's life in Palestine, that Jewish Law applies only to Jews. Seeing that there is no way of knowing what God requires of humans unless he reveals his requirements, and seeing that God's revealing of any requirements he has made has been carried out by Jesus the Christ and, further, that the best evidence for his teachings are the accounts of his teaching in the New Testament, this article examines it and concludes that his Law applies only to his disciples.
Life‐history strategy and behavioral type: risk‐tolerance reflects growth rate and energy allocation in ant colonies
Authors: Bengston Sarah E. , Shin Min , Dornhaus Anna 
Published: July 2016

Despite the recent interest in animal personality and behavioral syndromes, there is a paucity of explanations for why distinct behavioral traits should evolve to correlate. We investigate whether such correlations across apparently distinct behavioral traits may be explained by variation in life history strategy among individual ant colonies. Life history theory predicts that the way in which individuals allocate energy towards somatic maintenance or reproduction drives several distinct traits in physiology, morphology, and energy use; it also predicts that an individual's willingness to engage in risky behaviors should depend on reproductive strategy.We use Temnothorax ants, which have been shown to exhibit ‘personalities’ and a syndrome that may reflect risk tolerance at the colony level. We measure colonies' relative investment in growth rate (new workers produced) compared to reproductive effort (males and queens produced). Comparing sterile worker production to reproductive alate production provides a direct measure of how colonies are investing their energy, analogous to investment in growth versus reproduction in a unitary organism. Consistently with this idea, we found that behavioral type of ant colonies was associated with their life history strategy: risk‐tolerant colonies grew faster and invested more in reproduction, whereas risk‐averse colonies had lower growth rate but invested relatively more in workers. This provides evidence that behavioral syndromes can be a consequence of life‐history strategy variation, linking the two fields and supporting the use of an integrative approach.
Current practice of acute pain management in children—a national follow‐up survey in Germany
Authors: Emons Miriam I. , Petzke Frank , Stamer Ulrike M. , Meißner Winfried , Koschwitz Regina , Erlenwein Joachim 
Published: July 2016

SummaryObjectivesThis study aimed to summarize the current standard practices for acute pain management in children in Germany and the implementation of these procedures. The last survey on acute pain management in children was performed in 1999, highlighting the need for an up to date review.MethodsA questionnaire was mailed to German departments of anesthesiology (n = 885), asking for structures and processes of acute pain management in children. Results were compared between hospitals with and without an acute pain service and with and without a pediatric department.ResultsOf the 407 responding hospitals (response rate of 46%), 342 treated children younger than 14 years. These were considered for analysis. Of the 342 hospitals, 42% contained either a general pediatric department or a department of pediatric surgery, and the majority of the responding hospitals had an acute pain service (83%). Pain intensities were measured at least once per shift in 40% of the institutions, and at least once or twice a day in 27%. Of the institutions, 31% did not document pain scores regularly, without any difference between hospitals with or without a pediatric department. Standard operating procedures for acute pain management existed in 68% of the hospitals, with large differences in content and length. Opioids were administered to children in 85% of the hospitals. Nonopioid analgesics were the first choice baseline analgesics in most hospitals. Peripheral regional and epidural analgesia were performed in children in 18% and 8% of the hospitals, respectively (21%/16% with a paediatric department, 16%/1% without; P < 0.001).ConclusionCurrent practice of pediatric pain management varied widely and the recommendations of guidelines, like regular pain management, were frequently not met. However, improvements could be observed since 1999, for example, an increase in regular pain measurements (4% vs 67%). Furthermore, pain management in hospitals running a pediatric department had a higher degree of organization, and more sophisticated analgesic techniques.