bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning predicted perceived age is a reliable approach for analysis of facial ageing: A proof of principle study
Authors: Turner Conor , Pardo Luba M. , Gunn David A. , Zillmer Ruediger , Mekić Selma , Liu Fan , Ikram M. Arfan , Klaver Caroline C. W. , Croll Pauline H. , Goedegebure André , Trajanoska Katerina , Rivadeneira Fernando , Kavousi Maryam , Brusselle Guy G. O. , Kayser Manfred , Nijsten Tamar , Bacardit Jaume 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPerceived age (PA) has been associated with mortality, genetic variants linked to ageing and several age‐related morbidities. However, estimating PA in large datasets is laborious and costly to generate, limiting its practical applicability.ObjectivesTo determine if estimating PA using deep learning‐based algorithms results in the same associations with morbidities and genetic variants as human‐estimated perceived age.MethodsSelf‐supervised learning (SSL) and deep feature transfer (DFT) deep learning (DL) approaches were trained and tested on human‐estimated PAs and their corresponding frontal face images of middle‐aged to elderly Dutch participants (n = 2679) from a population‐based study in the Netherlands. We compared the DL‐estimated PAs with morbidities previously associated with human‐estimated PA as well as genetic variants in the gene MC1R; we additionally tested the PA associations with MC1R in a new validation cohort (n = 1158).ResultsThe DL approaches predicted PA in this population with a mean absolute error of 2.84 years (DFT) and 2.39 years (SSL). In the training–test dataset, we found the same significant (p < 0.05) associations for DL PA with osteoporosis, ARHL, cognition, COPD and cataracts and MC1R, as with human PA. We also found a similar but less significant association for SSL and DFT PAs (0.69 and 0.71 years per allele,p = 0.008 and 0.011, respectively) with MC1R variants in the validation dataset as that found with human, SSL and DFT PAs in the training–test dataset (0.79, 0.78 and 0.71 years per allele respectively; allp < 0.0001).ConclusionsDeep learning methods can automatically estimate PA from facial images with enough accuracy to replicate known links between human‐estimated perceived age and several age‐related morbidities. Furthermore, DL predicted perceived age associated with MC1R gene variants in a validation cohort. Hence, such DL PA techniques may be used instead of human estimations in perceived age studies thereby reducing time and costs.
Hand eczema and changes in the skin microbiome after 2 weeks of topical corticosteroid treatment
Authors: Nørreslet Line Brok , Ingham Anna Cäcilia , Agner Tove , Olesen Caroline Meyer , Bregnhøj Anne , Sommerlund Mette , Andersen Paal Skytt , Stegger Marc , Mørtz Charlotte Gotthard , Edslev Sofie Marie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundMore than 50% of patients with hand eczema (HE) are colonized with Staphylococcus aureus. Comprehensive knowledge of the skin microbiome and its changes in patients with HE may provide insights into future potential therapeutical targets.ObjectiveTo describe the skin microbiome in patients with moderate‐to‐severe chronic HE and assess its changes following treatment with topical corticosteroids (TCS).MethodsBacterial samples were collected from lesional and nonlesional skin before and after 2 weeks of TCS treatment using ESwabs and analysed by 16S rRNA and tuf gene sequencing. Clinically, the disease severity was assessed by the Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI).ResultsA cohort of 31 patients with HE were included and followed up. Compared to nonlesional skin, lesional skin differed in overall bacterial community composition (p = 0.02), displayed higher relative abundance of Staphylococcus, in particular S. aureus (p = 0.01) and lower abundance of Micrococcus (p = 0.02). As disease severity improved with treatment, these microbial characteristics on lesional skin shifted towards that of nonlesional skin on the hands.ConclusionThe bacterial skin microbiome was altered in lesions of HE and partly driven by S. aureus colonization, however, shifted towards nonlesional skin following treatment. Our results emphasize the future possibilities for anti‐S. aureus treatment strategies.
Effect of evidence‐based nursing practices on individualised care: A cross‐sectional descriptive study
Authors: Ozdemir Cevriye , Sendir Merdiye , Eren Rabia , Bakir Gizem Kubat , Kizil Hamiyet 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThis study was conducted to determine the effect of nurses' attitudes towards evidence‐based practices on individualised nursing care.MethodsThis study is a cross‐sectional descriptive trial. The descriptive analysis included 200 clinical nurses working in a private hospital between April and September 2022. Data were collected with a personal information form, Individualised Care Scale (A‐Nurse Version), and Evidence‐Based Nursing Attitude Questionnaire. The relationship between the scales and effect was examined by Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses. T‐test, one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc (Tukey, LSD) analysis were used in the statistical analysis of nurses according to their descriptive characteristics. This study has adhered to the STROBE checklist for reporting.ResultsThey had high mean scores on Individualised Care Scale total (3.68 ± 1.25) and from Clinical Situation (3.78 ± 1.30) and Decisional Control (3.82 ± 1.35) subscales and average score from the Personal Life (3.32 ± 1.29) subscale. Their mean score from the Evidence‐Based Nursing Attitude Questionnaire was average (47.64 ± 10.99). There was a positive moderate (r = 0.50, p = 0.000 < 0.05) significant correlation between the scales.ConclusionPositive attitude towards evidence‐based nursing practices positively affects individualised care. Variables such as professional experience positively affect nurses' attitudes towards evidence‐based nursing. A positive and significant relationship was found between nurses' attitudes towards evidence‐based practice and their attitudes towards individualised care.
Best Before? Expiring Central Bank Digital Currency and Loss Recovery
Authors: KAHN CHARLES M. , VAN OORDT MAARTEN R.C. , ZHU YU 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhysical cash enables payments in the absence of electricity or network coverage. Such offline payment functionality promotes the operational resilience and, particularly in developing countries, the accessibility of payments. Central banks are exploring issuing digital cash substitutes with similar offline payment functionality. Such substitutes could incorporate novel features, making them more desirable than physical cash. This paper considers automating personal loss recovery for offline digital currency balances through the introduction of an expiry date. Our results show this functionality could have a substantial positive impact on consumer demand for offline digital currency balances. We find an asymmetric impact on welfare of adjustments to the expiry date: small increases from the optimum cause little damage, but small decreases from the optimal expiry date can have a large negative impact. More information‐sharing between user devices and the central bank can improve loss recovery but has an ambiguous impact on social welfare.
Dreaming conundrum
Authors: Mutti Carlotta , Siclari Francesca , Rosenzweig Ivana 
Published: October 2024

SummaryDreaming, a common yet mysterious cognitive phenomenon, is an involuntary process experienced by individuals during sleep. Although the fascination with dreams dates back to ancient times and gained therapeutic significance through psychoanalysis in the early twentieth century, its scientific investigation only gained momentum with the discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the 1950s. This review synthesises current research on the neurobiological and psychological aspects of dreaming, including factors influencing dream recall and content, neurophysiological correlates, and experimental models, and discusses the implications for clinical practice.
Divergent Flowering Time Responses to Increasing Temperatures Are Associated With Transcriptome Plasticity and Epigenetic Modification Differences at FLC Promoter Region of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Han Yu , Liu Li , Lei Mengyu , Liu Wei , Si Huan , Ji Yan , Du Qiao , Zhu Mingjia , Zhang Wenjia , Dai Yifei , Liu Jianquan , Zan Yanjun 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the genetic, and transcriptomic changes that drive the phenotypic plasticity of fitness traits is a central question in evolutionary biology. In this study, we utilised 152 natural Swedish Arabidopsis thaliana accessions with re‐sequenced genomes, transcriptomes and methylomes and measured flowering times (FTs) under two temperature conditions (10°C and 16°C) to address this question. We revealed that the northern accessions exhibited advanced flowering in response to decreased temperature, whereas the southern accessions delayed their flowering, indicating a divergent flowering response. This contrast in flowering responses was associated with the isothermality of their native ranges, which potentially enables the northern accessions to complete their life cycle more rapidly in years with shorter growth seasons. At the transcriptome level, we observed extensive rewiring of gene co‐expression networks, with the expression of 25 core genes being associated with the mean FT and its plastic variation. Notably, variations in FLC expression sensitivity between northern and southern accessions were found to be associated with the divergence FT response. Further analysis suggests that FLC expression sensitivity is associated with differences in CG, CHG and CHH methylation at the promoter region. Overall, our study revealed the association between transcriptome plasticity and flowering time plasticity among different accessions, providing evidence for its relevance in ecological adaptation. These findings offer deeper insights into the genetics of rapid responses to environmental changes and ecological adaptation.
Going to work sick: A scoping review of illness presenteeism among physicians and medical trainees
Authors: Madrazo Lorenzo , Choo‐Foo Jade , Yu Wenhui , LaDonna Kori A. , Domecq Marie‐Cécile , Humphrey‐Murto Susan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundIllness presenteeism (IP)—characterized by individuals working despite being sick—is a prevalent and complex phenomenon among physicians and trainees amidst competing priorities within medicine. The COVID‐19 pandemic and growing attention to physician and trainee well‐being have sparked renewed interest in IP. We conducted a scoping review to explore what is known about IP: more specifically, how IP is perceived, what approaches have been used to study the phenomenon and how it might have changed through the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodThe Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework was used to systematically select and summarize the literature. Searches were conducted across four databases: Medline, Embase, PsycInfo and Web of Science. Quantitative and thematic analyses were conducted.ResultsOf 4277 articles screened, 45 were included. Of these, four were published after the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic. All studies framed IP as problematic for physicians, patients and health care systems. Dominant sociocultural drivers of IP included obligations towards patients and colleagues and avoiding the stigma of appearing vulnerable or even temporarily weak. Structural factors included heavy workload, poor access to health services and lack of sick leave policies for physicians. The pandemic does not appear to have affected IP‐related causes or behaviours. Proposed solutions included both educational interventions and policy‐driven changes.ConclusionsDespite being viewed in the literature as largely negative, IP remains highly prevalent among physicians and trainees. Our review highlights that IP among physicians is fraught with tensions: while IP seemingly contradicts certain priorities such as physician wellbeing, IP may be justified by fulfilling obligations to patients and colleagues. Future work should examine IP through diverse theoretical lenses to further elucidate its complexities and inform nuanced individual and systems‐level interventions to minimize the negative consequences of IP.
A machine vision‐based intelligent segmentation method for dam underwater cracks using swarm optimization algorithm and deep learning
Authors: Zhu Yantao , Niu Xinqiang , Tian Jinzhang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEnsuring the safety of water networks is a research hotspot in the current water conservancy industry, and dams are an important part. However, over time, the dam is prone to varying degrees of aging and disease, most of which are structural cracks. If they cannot be discovered and repaired in time, the normal operation of the dam will be affected, and even catastrophic accidents such as dam failure will occur. However, complex backgrounds and blurred images can easily lead to misjudgments by machine vision detection models, and high‐efficiency and accurate detection and evaluation technology are urgently needed. This paper combines the deep semantic segmentation network and the model hyperparameters optimization algorithm to propose a data‐intelligent perception method of dam underwater cracks driven by knowledge coupling. Taking the underwater detection of a concrete face rockfill dam as an example, the effectiveness of the model is verified by using the underwater vehicle as the carrier. Experimental results indicate that the developed method achieves an intersection‐union ratio of 0.9301, a precision rate of 0.9678, a precision rate of 0.9472, and a recall rate of 0.9577 in the test set. This shows that the constructed method has a high crack fine detection performance. In addition, the developed method has better segmentation performance in different complex underwater crack scenes, which further illustrates the high performance of the developed method.
Effect of Different Injury Morphology of the Endplate on Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yu Qiuyu , Chen Kang , Guo Zhongyi , Han Yaozheng , Su Lintao , Lei Changyu , Ma Jun , Kang Hui 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesTo describe a simplified classification scheme for endplate injury morphology based on 3D CT and to examine possible associations between endplate injury morphology and vertebral space and other variables such as type of fracture and disc degeneration in a group of patients with thoracolumbar fractures.MethodsThis study was a retrospective cohort study. We collected patients with thoracolumbar fractures admitted from January 2015 to August 2020 and divided them into three groups based on the morphology of endplate injury (45 cases of mild endplate injury, 54 cases of moderate endplate injury, and 42 cases of severe endplate injury, SEI). Data of vertebral body and intervertebral space height and angle, the Pfirrmann grade, endplate healing morphology were collected during preoperative, postoperative, and long‐term follow‐up of patients in each group. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi‐squared test, and repeated measurement ANOVA were used to compare and analyze the influence of endplate injury morphology on patient prognosis.ResultsMost moderate injuries to the endplate (fissure‐type injury) and severe injuries (irregular depression‐type injury, Schmorl's node‐type injury) resulted in significant disc degeneration in the long‐term transition. This study also showed significant differences in the height of the anterior margin of the injured spine and the intervertebral space height index during this process.ConclusionsThe current study suggests that although the region of injury in endplate fissure‐type injury is small preoperatively, it may be a major factor in leading to severe disc degeneration, loss of intervertebral height, and Cobb angle in the long term. The results of our study therefore may allow surgeons to predict the prognosis of patients with thoracolumbar fractures and guide their treatment.
Integration of Mitoflash and Time‐Series Transcriptomics Facilitates Energy Dynamics Tracking and Substrate Supply Analysis of Floral Thermogenesis in Lotus
Authors: Yu Miao , Wang Siqin , Gu Ge , Shi Tian‐Le , Zhang Jin , Jia Yaping , Ma Qi , Porth Ilga , Mao Jian‐Feng , Wang Ruohan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe high biosynthetic and energetic demands of floral thermogenesis render thermogenic plants the ideal systems to characterize energy metabolism in plants, but real‐time tracking of energy metabolism in plant cells remains challenging. In this study, a new method was developed for tracking the mitochondrial energy metabolism at the single mitochondria level by real‐time imaging of mitochondrial superoxide production (i.e., mitoflash). Using this method, we observed the increased mitoflash frequencies in the receptacles of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. at the thermogenic stages. This increase, combined with the higher expression of antioxidant response‐related genes identified through time‐series transcriptomics at the same stages, shows us a new regulatory mechanism for plant redox balance. Furthermore, we found that the upregulation of respiratory metabolism‐related genes during the thermogenic stages not only correlates with changes in mitoflash frequency but also underscores the critical roles of these pathways in ensuring adequate substrate supply for thermogenesis. Metabolite analysis revealed that sugars are likely one of the substrates for thermogenesis and may be transported over long distances by sugar transporters. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that mitoflash is a reliable tool for tracking energy metabolism in thermogenic plants and contributes to our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying floral thermogenesis.
Evolution and architecture of an exhumed ocean‐facing coarse‐grained submarine canyon fill, Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Bouwmeester Max J. , Kane Ian A. , Hodgson David M. , Flint Stephen S. , Taylor William J. , Soutter Euan L. , McArthur Adam D. , Poyatos‐Moré Miquel , Marsh Joshua , Keavney Ed , Brunt Rufus L. , Valdez‐Buso Victoria 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPresent day submarine canyons are active conduits for the transfer of large volumes of sediment, carbon and pollutants from continents to oceans. However, the evolution of submarine canyons over geological timescales remains poorly understood due to their erosional nature and low preservation potential. The Late Cretaceous Punta Baja Formation represents a well‐preserved submarine canyon‐fill that evolved on a tectonically‐active ocean‐facing margin. Exposures provide kilometre‐scale continuous strike and dip sections of the 120 m thick and 1.2 km wide feature. An inherited tectonic fabric influenced the location and orientation of canyon incision into fluvial bedrock. The stratigraphic evolution of the Punta Baja submarine canyon is reconstructed from incision to fill, which shows that it remained an active sediment conduit throughout the time represented by the preserved fill. The depositional architecture of the north–south oriented erosionally confined canyon‐fill is asymmetrical, with sub‐vertically stacked channel‐fills to the west, and an overbank confined by the canyon margin to the east. Sedimentary process interactions led to depositional patterns that are considered distinct to submarine canyon fills. Dynamic topography generated by mass‐wasting processes captured sediment and drove knickpoint development, an autogenic mechanism that modifies sediment delivery to the ocean floor. Widespread upstream dipping surfaces in channel‐fills are interpreted as the stratigraphic expression of upstream migrating supercritical‐flow bedforms, which played an important role in sediment storage and transport in the canyon. The steep relief and internal topography of canyons leads to complicated and characteristic confined overbank flow behaviour and depositional patterns. This study provides insight into how processes that are observed in modern canyons are selectively preserved through the lifetime of the canyon and construct or destroy stratigraphy on geological timescales.
Ubiquitin ligase signalling networks shape presynaptic development, function and disease
Authors: Borgen Melissa , Grill Brock 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUbiquitin ligases are important regulators of nervous system development, function and disease. To date, numerous ubiquitin ligases have been discovered that regulate presynaptic biology. Here, we discuss recent findings on presynaptic ubiquitin ligases that include members from the three major ubiquitin ligase classes: RING, RBR and HECT. Several themes emerge based on findings across a range of model systems. A cadre of ubiquitin ligases is required presynaptically to orchestrate development and transmission at synapses. Multiple ubiquitin ligases deploy both enzymatic and non‐enzymatic mechanisms, and act as hubs for signalling networks at the synapse. Both excitatory and inhibitory presynaptic terminals are influenced by ligase activity. Finally, there are several neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases associated with presynaptic ubiquitin ligases. These findings highlight the growing prominence and biomedical relevance of the presynaptic ubiquitin ligase network.
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SELECTION OF STRONG POSITIVE SERUM SAMPLES FROM CATTLE INFECTED WITH BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA
Authors: Bashenova E.E. , Nissanova R.K. , Zharmukhametova A.Zh. , Akshalova P.B. , Serikov M.S. , Mamanova S.B. , Kirpichenko V.V. 
Published: October 2024

Viral diarrhoea is one of the most common and economically important diseases in cattle, causing significant losses in productivity and increased mortality in young livestock. Effective diagnosis of the disease requires the use of standardised sera that ensure high accuracy and reproducibility of laboratory results. Selection of sera to obtain standard sera for the diagnosis of bovine viral diarrhea represents a key challenge in the development of a standard sera panel. During monitoring in some regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty, Mangistau, Karaganda, Turkistan oblasts) 399 samples of biomaterial from cattle were collected in private subsidiary farms and serological method of research was applied. In a serological test, specific diarrhea virus antibodies were detected in 310 serum samples. Comparative studies of sensitivity and stability of the positive sera with positive standard serum from the kit (ID Vet) were performed. During selection of sera, several factors were determined: specificity and sensitivity of the sera used, with consideration of the peculiarities of the epizootic situation in the region. This research work culminates in the production of a positive serum for the candidate from field-derived natural BVDV disease infections, and shortens the production cycle and saves costs.