bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relative efficacy of 3 different freehand frontal ventriculostomy trajectories: a prospective neuronavigation-assisted simulation study
Authors: Kirkman Matthew A. , Muirhead William , Sevdalis Nick 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Ventriculostomy is a relatively common neurosurgical procedure, often performed in the setting of acute hydrocephalus. Accurate positioning of the catheter is vital to minimize morbidity and mortality, and several anatomical landmarks are currently used. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the relative performance of 3 recognized trajectories for frontal ventriculostomy using imaging-derived metrics: perpendicular to skull (PTS), contralateral medial canthus/external auditory meatus (CMC/EAM), and ipsilateral medial canthus/external auditory meatus (IMC/EAM).

METHODS
Participants completed 9 simulated ventriculostomy attempts (3 of each trajectory) on a model head with Medtronic StealthStation coregistered imaging. Performance measures were distance of the ventricular catheter tip to the foramen of Monro (FoM) and presence of the catheter tip in a lateral ventricle.

RESULTS
Thirty-one individuals of varying seniority and prior ventriculostomy experience performed a total of 279 simulated freehand frontal ventriculostomies. The PTS and CMC/EAM trajectories were found to be significantly more likely to result in both the catheter tip being closer to the FoM and in a lateral ventricle compared with the IMC/EAM trajectory. These findings were not influenced by the prior ventriculostomy experience of the participant, corroborating the significance of these results.

CONCLUSIONS
The PTS and CMC/EAM trajectories were superior to the IMC/EAM trajectories during freehand frontal ventriculostomy in this study, and further data from studies incorporating varying ventricular sizes and bur hole locations are required to facilitate a change in clinical practice. In addition, neuronavigation and other guidance techniques for ventriculostomy are becoming increasingly popular and may be superior to freehand techniques, necessitating further prospective data evaluating their safety, efficacy, and feasibility for routine clinical use.
Radiographic predictors of deterioration in patients with lumbosacral lipomas
Authors: Tu Albert , Hengel Alexander R. , Cochrane D. Douglas 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Although patients with lumbosacral lipomas may be asymptomatic at presentation, most develop neurological symptoms over time. Given the challenges in examining infants, the authors sought to determine whether MRI would be helpful in identifying patients who are more likely to deteriorate early in life and who would potentially benefit from early surgical intervention.

METHODS
A retrospective review of all patients with lumbosacral lipomas who were seen at the authors' institution between 1997 and 2013 and who were managed without prophylactic surgery was performed. The clinical history and imaging results for each patient were reviewed in detail and then correlated to the pattern of and age at clinical deterioration.

RESULTS
Twenty-four patients were identified. Nine worsened within the first 18 months of life (early deterioration), and 15 patients deteriorated or remained stable after 30 months (late deterioration/stable). No patients worsened between 18 and 30 months of age. Patients who deteriorated early were more likely to have large intradural lipomas that filled the canal, increased during the 1st year of life, and compressed neurological structures. Some had a syrinx extending above the neural-lipoma interface. Syrinxes in patients with early deterioration were large and expanded in infancy. Patients with early deterioration had motor deficits at the time of deterioration, whereas patients with late deterioration developed mixed urological and motor dysfunction.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with large lipomas displacing the cord and an enlarging syrinx have a propensity for early clinical deterioration. Given this, their families may be counseled that 1) the risk of deterioration in infancy may be higher than in infants without these features, and 2) they require more diligent observation. Intervention before deterioration in these infants should also be considered. Patients without these features may be safely observed to a lesser extent.
Esophageal perforation after anterior cervical spine surgery: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Halani Sameer H. , Baum Griffin R. , Riley Jonathan P. , Pradilla Gustavo , Refai Daniel , Rodts Gerald E. , Ahmad Faiz U. 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Esophageal perforation is a rare but well-known complication of anterior cervical spine surgery. The authors performed a systematic review of the literature to evaluate symptomatology, direct causes, repair methods, and associated complications of esophageal injury.

METHODS
A PubMed search that adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines included relevant clinical studies and case reports (articles written in the English language that included humans as subjects) that reported patients who underwent anterior spinal surgery and sustained some form of esophageal perforation. Available data on clinical presentation, the surgical procedure performed, outcome measures, and other individual variables were abstracted from 1980 through 2015.

RESULTS
The PubMed search yielded 65 articles with 153 patients (mean age 44.7 years; range 14–85 years) who underwent anterior spinal surgery and sustained esophageal perforation, either during surgery or in a delayed fashion. The most common indications for initial anterior cervical spine surgery in these cases were vertebral fracture/dislocation (n = 77), spondylotic myelopathy (n = 15), and nucleus pulposus herniation (n = 10). The most commonly involved spinal levels were C5–6 (n = 51) and C6–7 (n = 39). The most common presenting symptoms included dysphagia (n =63), fever (n = 24), neck swelling (n = 23), and wound leakage (n = 18). The etiology of esophageal perforation included hardware failure (n = 31), hardware erosion (n = 23), and intraoperative injury (n = 14). The imaging modalities used to identify the esophageal perforations included modified contrast dye swallow studies, CT, endoscopy, plain radiography, and MRI. Esophageal repair was most commonly achieved using a modified muscle flap, as well as with primary closure. Outcomes measured in the literature were often defined by the time to oral intake following esophageal repair. Complications included pneumonia (n = 6), mediastinitis (n = 4), osteomyelitis (n = 3), sepsis (n = 3), acute respiratory distress syndrome (n = 2), and recurrent laryngeal nerve damage (n = 1). The mortality rate of esophageal perforation in the analysis was 3.92% (6 of 153 reported patients).

CONCLUSIONS
Esophageal perforation after anterior cervical spine surgery is a rare complication. This systematic review demonstrates that these perforations can be stratified into 3 categories based on the timing of symptomatic onset: intraoperative, early postoperative (within 30 days of anterior spinal surgery), and delayed. The most common source of esophageal injury is hardware erosion or migration, each of which may vary in their time to symptomatic manifestation.
Beta-Amyloid-PET-Bildgebung des Gehirns
Authors: Meyer Philipp , Drzezga Alexander , Bartenstein Peter , Boecker Henning , Brust Peter , Buchert Ralph , Coenen Heinz , Fougère Christian la , Gründer Gerhard , Grünwald Frank , Krause Bernd , Kuwert Torsten , Schreckenberger Matthias , Tatsch Klaus , Langen Karl-Josef , Sabri Osama , Barthel Henryk 
Published: April 2016

ZusammenfassungSeit Kurzem sind mehrere Radiopharmaka für die klinische Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET) von mit der Alzheimer-Krankheit assoziierten zerebralen beta-Amyloid(Aβ)-Plaques zugelassen. Mit der zunehmenden Verbreitung dieser Methode entsteht der Bedarf für entsprechende Handlungsanweisungen.Diese S1-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin beschreibt die adäquate Vorgehensweise bei der Aβ-Plaque-PET-Bildgebung. Maßnahmen zur Patientenvorbereitung, zur Anamnese-Erhebung und zu Vorsichtsmaßnahmen werden ebenso vorgestellt wie die betreffenden Radiopharmaka, Maßnahmen zur PET-Daten-Gewinnung,-Verarbeitung,-Analyse und-Befundung. Damit soll ein Beitrag zur Qualitätssicherung in der Nuklearmedizin in Deutschland geleistet werden.
Is hybridization driving the evolution of climatic niche in Alyssum montanum
Authors: Arrigo Nils , de La Harpe Marylaure , Litsios Glenn , Zozomová‐Lihová Judita , Španiel Stanislav , Marhold Karol , Barker Michael S. , Alvarez Nadir 
Published: April 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:After decades of interest, the contribution of hybridization to ecological diversification remains unclear. Hybridization is a potent source of novelty, but nascent hybrid lineages must overcome reproductive and ecological competition from their parental species. Here, we assess whether hybrid speciation is advantageous over alternative modes of speciation, by comparing the geographical and ecological ranges and climatic niche evolutionary rates of stabilized allopolyploid vs. autopolyploids in the Alyssum montanum species complex.METHODS:We combined an extensive review of studies addressing the systematics and genetic diversity of A. montanum s.l., with flow cytometry and cloning of nuclear markers, to establish the ploidy level and putative hybrid nature of 205 populations. The respective geographic distribution and climatic niche evolution dynamics of the allo‐ and autopolyploids were investigated using multivariate analyses and comparative phylogenetic approaches.KEY RESULTS:As expected by theory, allopolyploids occur mainly along contact zones and are generally spatially overlapping with their diploid counterparts. However, they demonstrate higher rates of niche evolution and expand into different climatic conditions than those of their diploid congeners. In contrast, autopolyploids show lower rates of niche evolution, occupy ecological niches similar to their ancestors and are restricted to less competitive and peripheral geographic areas.CONCLUSIONS:Hybridization thus seems advantageous by promoting ecological niche evolution and more readily allowing escape from competitive exclusion.
ULTRAHIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS: A GALACTIC ORIGIN?
Authors: Eichler David , Globus Noemie , Kumar Rahul , Gavish Eyal 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
It is suggested that essentially all UHECRs we detect, including those at the highest energies, originate in our Galaxy. It is shown that even if the density of sources decreases with Galactic radius, then the anisotropy and composition can be understood. Inward anisotropy, as recently reported by the Auger collaboration can be understood as drift along the current sheet of UHECRs, originating outside of the solar circle, as predicted in Kumar & Eichler, while those originating within the solar circle exit the Galaxy at high latitudes.
Artistes africains, malentendu migratoire et création musicale
Authors: Lagrave Sébastien 
Published: April 2016

Sébastien Lagrave prend la direction du festival Africolor en 2012. Créé en 1989 par Philippe Conrath, Africolor est un festival atypique de création musicale dédié aux musiques africaines. Dans cet entretien, il définit cette expression polymorphe de « musiques africaines ». Il revient aussi sur la dimension politique inhérente à ces musiques, notamment au travers des artistes, chanteurs et musiciens, femmes et hommes, contraints à des parcours migratoires, parfois difficiles, ou pris dans des logiques de circulations transnationales. Enfin, il explique en quoi le positionnement du festival Africolor entre proposition artistique et médiation culturelle permet de sortir d’une « verticalité de la culture » aujourd’hui dépassée.
Les enjeux des projets d’interopérabilité en santé pour la mobilité des citoyens. Le cas de l’Espagne
Authors: Biedma José María , Bourret Christian 
Published: April 2016

Les enjeux d’interopérabilité, à la fois techniques et sémantiques, ont pris de plus en plus d’importance dans le secteur de la santé pour assurer à la fois une amélioration de la qualité des soins et de l’efficience des prestations réalisées. L’Espagne constitue un exemple intéressant pour aborder cette question. La question de l’interopérabilité s’y pose en effet tout d’abord au niveau national pour assurer l’échange de données entre les différents systèmes de santé des 17 Communautés autonomes. L’Espagne est aussi très impliquée dans des projets européens de grande ampleur comme le projet EpSOS ( European Patients Smart Open Services ) et dans des projets à l’international, notamment avec les États-Unis.
Site-directed mutagenesis, in vivo electroporation and mass spectrometry in search for determinants of the subcellular targeting of Rab7b paralogue in the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia
Authors: Wyroba E. , Kwaśniak P. , Miller K. , Kobyłecki K. , Osińska M. 
Published: April 2016

Protein products of the paralogous genes resulting from the whole genome duplication may acquire new function. The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue (distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis)  was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. Here we show that substitution of Thr200 by Ala200 resulted in diminished incorporation of [P32] by 37.4% and of 32 [C14–] UDP-glucose by 24%, respectively, into recombinant Rab7b_200 in comparison to the non-mutagenized control. Double confocal imaging revealed that Rab7b_200 was mistargeted upon electroporation into living cells contrary to non-mutagenized recombinant Rab7b correctly incorporated in the cytostome area. We identified the peptide ion at m/z=677.63+ characteristic for the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b using nano LC-MS/MS and comparing the peptide map of this protein with that after deglycosylation with the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity. Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]andÂ [C14–] UDP-glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. These data indicate that PTM of Thr200 located in the hypervariable C-region of Rab7b in Paramecium is crucial for the proper localization/function of this protein. Moreover, these proteins differ also in other PTM: the number of phosphorylated amino acids in Rab7b is much higher than in Rab7a.
Lindsay tumor: An unusual entity: A case study with review of literature
Authors: Momin Yasmin , Ansari Sameer , Ghodke Bharat 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSolid, encapsulated, follicular variant of papillary carcinoma of thyroid is termed as Lindsay tumor. Follicular carcinoma carries a worse prognosis than papillary thyroid carcinoma with higher incidence of hematogenous metastasis. Lindsay tumor being encapsulated follows an indolent course and has a better outcome. We present a rare case of Lindsay tumor in a 30 years adult male who presented with hoarseness of voice.
Multiple myeloma: Looking beyond standards
Authors: Kaul Esha , Sharma Sanjeev 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMultiple myeloma has been regarded as an incurable disease with frequent relapses. The diagnostic criteria have been revised multiple times to include early stage of the disease where treatment can be effective and can prolong the survival. Newer diagnostic criteria for myeloma have incorporated ≥60% plasma cells in the bone marrow and serum free light chain ratio (involved to uninvolved free light chains) of ≥100. The role of positron emission tomography-computed tomography scans has been recognized, and it has been increasingly utilized upfront in the management of multiple myeloma. Role of minimal residual disease monitoring has been studied in multiple trials and will in near future guide the treatment. Autologous stem cell transplant is still the preferred consolidation therapy after initial three or four drug induction. With the use of novel drugs combinations and with emerging treatment options the standard of care of myeloma patients will change.
Effect of purmorphamine on the mRNA expression of Sonic Hedgehog signaling downstream molecules in ovine embryo
Authors: Nadri Parisa , Ansari-Mahyari Saeid , Zahmatkesh Azadeh 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) is a signaling pathway mediated through a receptor system which seems to have effects on oocyte maturation and embryonic development. Purmorphamine is an SHH agonist that performs a crucial role in the regulation of the activity of SHH receptors and downstream transcription factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of purmorphamine on the mRNA expression of SHH signaling downstream molecules (Patched1, Glioma-Associated Oncogene1, Smoothened, Histone Deacetylase1, Histone Deacetylase2 and Histone Deacetylase3) in ovine two-cell embryo. Ovaries were obtained from a slaughterhouse, and cumulus–oocyte complexes were aspirated and cultured in maturation media containing 0, 250 or 500 ng mL−1 purmorphamine. Then, oocytes were fertilized and cultured in a CR1 culture medium and after 24 h, two-cell embryos were collected for RNA extraction. Gene expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results indicated that in 250 ng mL−1 purmorphamine, Smo, Ptch1 and Hdac3 expression reduced, Hdac1 expression increased, and Gli1 and Hdac2 expression levels did not change. In 500 ng mL−1 purmorphamine, Gli1 and Smo transcripts increased, while Ptch1, Hdac2 and Hdac3 transcripts decreased. Regarding to the presence of SHH signaling molecules in two-cell embryos and their response to purmorphamine, it can be suggested that SHH signaling is probably active before embryonic genome activation in ovine embryos.
Interferences in photolytic NO2 measurements: explanation for an apparent missing oxidant?
Authors: Reed Chris , Evans Mathew J. , Di Carlo Piero , Lee James D. , Carpenter Lucy J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Measurement of NO2 at low concentrations (tens of ppts) is non-trivial. A variety of techniques exist, with the conversion of NO2 into NO followed by chemiluminescent detection of NO being prevalent. Historically this conversion has used a catalytic approach (molybdenum); however, this has been plagued with interferences. More recently, photolytic conversion based on UV-LED irradiation of a reaction cell has been used. Although this appears to be robust there have been a range of observations in low-NOx environments which have measured higher NO2 concentrations than might be expected from steady-state analysis of simultaneously measured NO, O3, jNO2, etc. A range of explanations exist in the literature, most of which focus on an unknown and unmeasured “compound X” that is able to convert NO to NO2 selectively. Here we explore in the laboratory the interference on the photolytic NO2 measurements from the thermal decomposition of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) within the photolysis cell. We find that approximately 5 % of the PAN decomposes within the instrument, providing a potentially significant interference. We parameterize the decomposition in terms of the temperature of the light source, the ambient temperature, and a mixing timescale ( ∼ 0.4 s for our instrument) and expand the parametric analysis to other atmospheric compounds that decompose readily to NO2 (HO2NO2, N2O5, CH3O2NO2, IONO2, BrONO2, higher PANs). We apply these parameters to the output of a global atmospheric model (GEOS-Chem) to investigate the global impact of this interference on (1) the NO2 measurements and (2) the NO2 : NO ratio, i.e. the Leighton relationship. We find that there are significant interferences in cold regions with low NOx concentrations such as the Antarctic, the remote Southern Hemisphere, and the upper troposphere. Although this interference is likely instrument-specific, the thermal decomposition to NO2 within the instrument's photolysis cell could give an at least partial explanation for the anomalously high NO2 that has been reported in remote regions. The interference can be minimized by better instrument characterization, coupled to instrumental designs which reduce the heating within the cell, thus simplifying interpretation of data from remote locations.
Long-range transport and mixing of aerosol sources during the 2013 North American biomass burning episode: analysis of multiple lidar observations in the western Mediterranean basin
Authors: Ancellet Gerard , Pelon Jacques , Totems Julien , Chazette Patrick , Bazureau Ariane , Sicard Michaël , Di Iorio Tatiana , Dulac Francois , Mallet Marc 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Long-range transport of biomass burning (BB) aerosols between North America and the Mediterranean region took place in June 2013. A large number of ground-based and airborne lidar measurements were deployed in the western Mediterranean during the Chemistry-AeRosol Mediterranean EXperiment (ChArMEx) intensive observation period. A detailed analysis of the potential North American aerosol sources is conducted including the assessment of their transport to Europe using forward simulations of the FLEXPART Lagrangian particle dispersion model initialized using satellite observations by MODIS and CALIOP. The three-dimensional structure of the aerosol distribution in the ChArMEx domain observed by the ground-based lidars (Minorca, Barcelona and Lampedusa), a Falcon-20 aircraft flight and three CALIOP tracks, agrees very well with the model simulation of the three major sources considered in this work: Canadian and Colorado fires, a dust storm from western US and the contribution of Saharan dust streamers advected from the North Atlantic trade wind region into the westerlies region. Four aerosol types were identified using the optical properties of the observed aerosol layers (aerosol depolarization ratio, lidar ratio) and the transport model analysis of the contribution of each aerosol source: (i) pure BB layer, (ii) weakly dusty BB, (iii) significant mixture of BB and dust transported from the trade wind region, and (iv) the outflow of Saharan dust by the subtropical jet and not mixed with BB aerosol. The contribution of the Canadian fires is the major aerosol source during this episode while mixing of dust and BB is only significant at an altitude above 5 km. The mixing corresponds to a 20–30 % dust contribution in the total aerosol backscatter. The comparison with the MODIS aerosol optical depth horizontal distribution during this episode over the western Mediterranean Sea shows that the Canadian fire contributions were as large as the direct northward dust outflow from Sahara.