bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative phase measurements of tendon collagen fibres
Authors: Maciel Dylan , Veres Samuel P. , Kreuzer Hans Juergen , Kreplak Laurent 
Published: January 2016

Collagen is the main component of structural mammalian tissues. In tendons, collagen is arranged into fibrils with diameters ranging from 30 nm to 500 nm. These fibrils are further assembled into fibres several micrometers in diameter. Upon excessive thermal or mechanical stress, damage may occur in tendons at all levels of the structural hierarchy. At the fibril level, reported damage includes swelling and the appearance of discrete sites of plastic deformation that are best observed at the nanometer‐scale using, for example, scanning electron microscopy. In this paper, digital in‐line holographic microscopy is used for quantitative phase imaging to measure both the refractive index and diameter of collagen fibres in a water suspension in the native state, after thermal treatments, and after mechanical overload. Fibres extracted from tendons and subsequently exposed to 70 °C for 5, 15, or 30 minutes show a significant decrease in refractive index and an increase in diameter. A significant increase in refractive index is also observed for fibres extracted from tendons that were subjected to five tensile overload cycles.
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Life Course Dietary Patterns and Bone Health in Later Life in a British Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Ward Kate A , Prentice Ann , Kuh Diana L , Adams Judith E , Ambrosini Gina L 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Evidence for the contribution of individual foods and nutrients to bone health is weak. Few studies have considered hypothesis-based dietary patterns and bone health. We investigated whether a protein-calcium-potassium–rich (PrCaK-rich) dietary pattern over the adult life course, was positively associated with bone outcomes at 60 to 64 years of age. Diet diaries were collected at ages 36, 46, 53, and 60 to 64 years in 1263 participants (661 women) from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development. DXA and pQCT measurements were obtained at age 60 to 64 years, including size-adjusted bone mineral content (SA-BMC) and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD). A food-based dietary pattern best explaining dietary calcium, potassium, and protein intakes (g/1000 kcal) was identified using reduced rank regression. Dietary pattern Z-scores were calculated for each individual, at each time point. Individual trajectories in dietary pattern Z-scores were modeled to summarize changes in Z-scores over the study period. Regression models examined associations between these trajectories and bone outcomes at age 60 to 64 years, adjusting for baseline dietary pattern Z-score and other confounders. A consistent PrCaK-rich dietary pattern was identified within the population, over time. Mean ± SD dietary pattern Z-scores at age 36 years and age 60 to 64 years were –0.32 ± 0.97 and 2.2 ± 1.5 (women) and –0.35 ± 0.98 and 1.7 ± 1.6 (men), respectively. Mean trajectory in dietary pattern Z-scores ± SD was 0.07 ± 0.02 units/year. Among women, a 0.02-SD unit/year higher trajectory in dietary pattern Z-score over time was associated with higher SA-BMC (spine 1.40% [95% CI, 0.30 to 2.51]; hip 1.35% [95% CI, 0.48 to 2.23]), and vBMD (radius 1.81% [95% CI, 0.13 to 3.50]) at age 60 to 64 years. No statistically significant associations were found in men. During adulthood, an increasing score for a dietary pattern rich in protein, calcium, and potassium was associated with greater SA-BMC at fracture-prone sites in women. This study emphasizes the importance of these nutrients, within the context of the whole diet, to bone health. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Enhancement of functional MRI signal at high‐susceptibility regions of brain using simultaneous multiecho multithin‐slice summation imaging technique
Authors: Kim Tae , Zhao Tiejun , Bae Kyongtae T. 
Published: January 2016

PurposeTo increase temporal‐signal‐to‐noise ratio (tSNR) and blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) sensitivity at high‐susceptibility regions of the brain by means of a simultaneous multiecho multithin‐slice summation imaging technique.Materials and MethodsThe simultaneous multislice (SMS) technique was implemented with multiecho (SMSME) and multiecho with thin‐slice summation (SMSME‐thin) at 3T. Multiecho data were summated based on the local apparent
weighting factor. Ten healthy subjects were studied for the whole brain activation by breath‐holding. The tSNR values and the number of activated pixels acquired with SMSME and SMSME‐thin were compared with those acquired with the conventional gradient‐echo EPI in multiple brain regionsResultsSMS methods accelerated imaging time by 5‐fold as compared with the conventional method, resulting in the acquisition of three echoes and four thin‐slices during the same TR of 2.5 seconds. At high‐susceptibility regions, including the amygdala, inferior and middle temporal, and anterior frontal lobes, SMSME increased tSNR values by up to ∼80% and BOLD activation by up to ∼20% (paired t‐test, P < 0.05). SMSME‐thin further increased values as compared with SMSME (∼45% for tSNR and ∼20% for activation, P < 0.05).ConclusionThe SMSME‐thin imaging technique enhanced the temporal‐signal‐to‐noise ratio and functional activation at high susceptibility regions of the brain. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:478–485.
Quantitative Investigation of the Electronic and Steric Influences on Ethylene Oligo/Polymerization by 2‐Azacyclyl‐6‐aryliminopyridylmetal (Fe, Co, and Cr) Complexes
Authors: Yi Jun , Yang Wenhong , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: January 2016

The multiple linear regression analysis is performed to investigate both electronic and steric effects of ligands on the catalytic activities of the transition metal complexes in ethylene oligo/polymerization. The Hammett constants (F) and effective net charge (Q) are used to describe the electronic effect, meanwhile the steric effect is illustrated by open cone angle (θ) and bite angle (β). Four series of 2‐azacyclyl‐6‐aryliminopyridylmetal (Fe, Co, and Cr) analog complexes are calculated and the catalytic activity can be efficiently analyzed through taking both the electronic and steric effects into account. All of the obtained correlation coefficient R
2 values are over 0.93. The electronic effect is dominant in determining the catalytic activities for Fe and Co complexes; however, the steric effect plays a major role in controlling activities of Cr complexes.
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Deformation‐Induced Color Changes in Melt‐Processed Polyamide 12 Blends
Authors: Lavrenova Anna , Holtz Adrien , Simon Yoan C. , Weder Christoph 
Published: January 2016

Blends of polyamide 12 and small amounts (0.15–1 wt%) of the excimer‐forming fluorescent dye 1,4‐bis(α‐cyano‐4‐octadecyloxystyryl)‐2,5‐dimethoxybenzene (C18‐RG) are produced by melt‐processing. While green monomer fluorescence from well‐individualized chromophores is observed at low dye concentration (0.15%), higher dye concentrations lead to aggregation of the dye so that the emission characteristics are dominated by red excimer fluorescence. Upon mechanical deformation of samples with appropriately selected dye content (0.25 wt%), a pronounced mechanochromic effect can be observed, which manifests itself through a mechanically induced transformation from excimer‐dominated to monomer‐rich emission. The monomer to excimer emission ratio IM/IE is increased by a factor of up to 2 in a step‐wise manner when samples are uniaxially deformed past the yield point.
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Utility of Electronic Medical Record for Recruitment in Clinical Research: from Rare to Common Disease
Authors: Thacker Tapan , Wegele Ashley R. , Pirio Richardson Sarah 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundRecruitment for clinical trials is a major challenge. Movement disorders, which do not have associated diagnostic laboratory tests, might be especially prone to inaccuracy in coding. Our objective was to evaluate the accuracy of diagnostic codes such as cervical dystonia (CD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) in an electronic medical record (EMR).MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed to confirm the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) diagnoses of PD, CD, and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM‐2), using published clinical diagnostic criteria (PD, CD) and hemoglobin A1c  ≥ 6.5 (DM‐2).ResultsA total of 421 charts (n = 129, n = 142, n = 150 for PD, CD, and DM‐2, respectively) were reviewed. The accuracy rate was different among all diseases examined, with an overall P < 0.001. In post hoc pairwise comparisons, the accuracy of DM‐2 diagnosis by ICD‐9 (96.6%) was greater than CD (88.0%) and both were greater than PD (55.0%) (P ≤ 0.003).ConclusionsThe use of an electronic medical‐record–based screening of clinically diagnosed diseases such as CD might be more accurate than previously thought, and it may identify potential clinical trial participants even without the availability of confirmatory laboratory tests.
Effect of Prepolymerization on the Kinetics of Ethylene Polymerization and Ethylene/1‐Hexene Copolymerization with a Ziegler–Natta Catalyst in Slurry Reactors
Authors: Chen Keran , Liu Boping , Soares João B. P. 
Published: January 2016

The effect of prepolymerization on ethylene homopolymerization and ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization with a commercial TiCl4/MgCl2catalyst was investigated and the apparent homo‐ and copolymerization rate constants were estimated by varying polymerization temperature, pressure, time, and 1‐hexene/ethylene molar ratio during the prepolymerization. The apparent rate constants for activation, propagation, and deactivation depend on the prepolymerization conditions, showing that the prepolymerization stage strongly regulates the behavior of the catalyst in the main polymerization. Interestingly, the surface morphology of the prepolymer particles correlates to and explains these changes in polymerization kinetics behavior.image
2‐Diazo‐1‐phenyl‐2‐((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)ethan‐1‐one: Another Utility for Electrophilic Trifluoromethylthiolation Reactions
Authors: Huang Zhongyan , Okuyama Kenta , Wang Chen , Tokunaga Etsuko , Li Xiaorui , Shibata Norio 
Published: January 2016

Abstract2‐Diazo‐1‐phenyl‐2‐((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)ethan‐1‐one (diazo‐triflone) (2) is not only a building block but also a reagent. In this study, diazo‐triflone, which was originally used for the synthesis of β‐lactam triflones as a trifluoromethanesulfonyl (SO2CF3) building block under catalyst‐free thermal conditions, is redisclosed as an effective electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolation reagent under copper catalysis. A broad set of enamines, indoles, β‐keto esters, pyrroles, and anilines were nicely transformed into corresponding trifluoromethylthio (SCF3) compounds in good to high yields by diazo‐triflone under copper catalysis via an electrophilic‐type reaction. A coupling‐type trifluoromethylthiolation reaction of aryl iodides was also realized by diazo‐triflone in acceptable yields.
Agreement between Medicare pharmacy claims, self‐report, and medication inventory for assessing lipid‐lowering medication use
Authors: Colantonio Lisandro D. , Kent Shia T. , Kilgore Meredith L. , Delzell Elizabeth , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Howard George , Safford Monika M. , Muntner Paul 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundMedicare claims have been used to study lipid‐lowering medication (LLM) use among US adults.MethodsWe analyzed the agreement between Medicare claims for LLM and LLM use indicated by self‐report during a telephone interview and, separately, by a medication inventory performed during an in‐home study visit upon enrollment into the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. We included REGARDS participants ≥65 years enrolled in 2006–2007 with Medicare pharmacy benefits (Part D) from 120 days before their telephone interview through their medication inventory (n = 899).ResultsOverall, 39.2% and 39.5% of participants had a Medicare claim for an LLM within 120 days prior to their interview and medication inventory, respectively. Also, 42.7% of participants self‐reported using LLMs, and 41.8% had an LLM in their medication inventory. The Kappa statistic (95% confidence interval [CI]) for agreement of Medicare claims with self‐report and medication inventory was 0.68 (0.63–0.73) and 0.72 (0.68–0.77), respectively. No Medicare claims for LLMs were present for 22.1% (95%CI: 18.1–26.6%) of participants who self‐reported taking LLMs and 18.9% (15.1–23.3%) with LLMs in their medication inventory. Agreement between Medicare claims and self‐report was lower among Black male individuals (Kappa = 0.34 [95%CI: 0.14–0.54]) compared with Black female individuals (0.70 [0.61–0.79]), White male individuals (0.65 [0.56–0.75]), and White female individuals (0.79 [0.72–0.86]). Agreement between Medicare claims and the medication inventory was also low among Black male individuals (Kappa = 0.48 [95%CI: 0.29–0.66]).ConclusionsAlthough substantial agreement exists, many Medicare beneficiaries who self‐report LLM use or have LLMs in a medication inventory have no claims for these medications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehensive study of pyrido[3,4‐b]pyrazine‐based D–π–a copolymer for efficient polymer solar cells
Authors: Wu Yu‐Qi , Chen Hsieh‐Chih , Yang Yun‐Siou , Chang Sheng Hsiung , Wu Pin‐Jiun , Chu Yen‐Yi , Wu Chun‐Guey 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTTwo D–π–A copolymers, based on the benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]‐dithiophene (BDT) as a donor unit and benzo‐quinoxaline (BQ) or pyrido‐quinoxaline (PQ) analog as an acceptor (PBDT‐TBQ and PBDT‐TPQ), were designed and synthesized as a p‐type material for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaic cells. When compared with the PBDT‐TBQ polymer, PBDT‐TPQ exhibits stronger intramolecular charge transfer, showing a broad absorption coverage at the red region and narrower optical bandgap of 1.69 eV with a relatively low‐lying HOMO energy level at −5.24 eV. The experimental data show that the exciton dissociation efficiency of PBDT‐TPQ:PC71BM blend is better than that in the PBDT‐TBQ:PC71BM blend, which can explain that the IPCE spectra of the PBDT‐TPQ‐based solar cell were higher than that of the PBDT‐TBQ‐based solar cell. The maximum efficiency of PBDT‐TPQ‐based device reaches 4.40% which is much higher than 2.45% of PBDT‐TBQ, indicating that PQ unit is a promising electron‐acceptor moiety for BHJ solar cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1822–1833
Volatiles released by Chinese liquorice roots mediate host location behaviour by neonate Porphyrophora sophorae (Hemiptera: Margarodidae)
Authors: Liu Xian‐Fu , Chen Hong‐Hao , Li Jun‐Kai , Zhang Rong , Turlings Ted CJ , Chen Li 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe cochineal scale, Porphyrophora sophorae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea, Margarodidae), is one of the most serious arthropod pests of Chinese liquorice, Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Fabaceae), an important medicinal herb. The adult females tend to deposit the ovisacs in soil relatively far away from liquorice plants. After hatching, neonates move out of the soil and may use chemical cues to search for new hosts.RESULTSWe collected and analysed the volatiles from soils with and without liquorice roots, and chromatographic profiles revealed hexanal, β‐pinene and hexanol as potential host‐finding cues for P. sphorae. The attractiveness of these compounds to neonates was studied in the laboratory using four‐arm olfactometer bioassays. The larvae showed a clear preference for β‐pinene over hexanal and hexanol, as well as all possible combinations of the three compounds. In addition, a field experiment confirmed that β‐pinene was significantly more attractive than hexanal and hexanol.CONCLUSIONNewly eclosed larvae of P. sphorae exploit root volatiles as chemical cues to locate their host plant. β‐Pinene proved to be the major chemical cue used by P. sphorae neonates searching for roots of their host plant. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Modulation of the domain mode in GaN‐based planar Gunn diode for terahertz applications
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Lin‐An , Wang Zhi‐Zhe , Hao Yue 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper reports the modulation of the domain mode in the 2DEG channel of GaN HEMT‐like Gunn diodes by adjustment the electron concentration of the 2DEG near the cathode side. The enhancement of the electron concentration near the cathode side promotes the fast formation of the dipole domain layer and greatly reduces the dead zone length, which increases the RF output power. The employment of the recess layer near the cathode reduces the electron concentration of the 2DEG beneath it, which acts as a notch‐doped layer as in the bulk vertical diode. The reduction of the electron concentration of the 2DEG near the cathode promotes the formation of dual‐domain in one oscillation circle, which aims to enhance harmonic components of Gunn oscillation so as to minimize the use of frequency multipliers for SMMW and THz operation. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Threshold voltage engineering in GaN‐based HEMT by using La2O3 gate dielectric
Authors: Mi Minhan , He Yunlong , Hou Bin , Zhang Meng , Zhang Jincheng , Wang Chong , Ma Xiaohua , Hao Yue 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we presented AlGaN/GaN MIS‐HEMT with a 6‐nm ALD La2O3 as gate insulator. The gate leakage current had been greatly reduced at both positive and negative bias by using La2O3 gate dielectric. Threshold voltage for MIS‐HEMT moved +1 V toward positive direction compared with the Schottky gate HEMT (HEMT) demonstrating the negatively fixed charges at La2O3/AlGaN interface. Besides, the transconductance of MIS‐HEMT was not degraded. The stability of fixed and trap state introduced by La2O3 gate dielectric was discussed. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Foxc1 Regulates Early Cardiomyogenesis and Functional Properties of Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Lambers Erin , Arnone Baron , Fatima Anees , Qin Gangjian , Wasserstrom J. Andrew , Kume Tsutomu 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) hold great potential for regeneration of damaged myocardium, however the molecular circuitry that guides ESC differentiation into cardiomyocytes remains poorly understood. This is exemplified by the elusive role of the transcription factor, Foxc1, during cardiac development. The only known Foxc1 target during heart development is Tbx1. Because Foxc1 null mice contain heart mutations that are far more severe than Tbx1 null mice, it is likely that Foxc1 has additional regulatory roles during heart development. The goal of our study was to test whether Foxc1 is critical for ESC differentiation into functional cardiomyocytes through proper regulation of specific downstream gene networks. Converging evidence from Foxc1 deficient and overexpression ESC models reveals a close relationship between Foxc1 levels and early cardiomyogenic factors Isl1, Mef2c, and Nkx2.5 and also the production of functional cardiomyocytes. We show Foxc1 regulates early cardiomyogenesis during a specific window of differentiation, D4-D6. Through whole transcriptome RNA-sequencing analysis, we report pathways regulated by Foxc1 involved in cardiac function including actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, tight and gap junctions, and calcium signaling. Our data indicate a novel Foxc1 direct gene target, Myh7, which encodes the predominant myosin heavy chain isoform, MHCβ, expressed during cardiac development. These data lead us to conclude that Foxc1 regulates both early cardiomyogenesis and the functional properties of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes. Our findings shed light on the molecular circuitry governing cardiomyogenesis that may lead to the development of better translational strategies for the use of pluripotent stem cells in regenerative medicine towards repairing damaged myocardium.
Do knowledge of uterine artery resistance in the second trimester and targeted surveillance improve maternal and perinatal outcome? UTOPIA study: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: García B. , Llurba E. , Valle L. , Gómez‐Roig M. D. , Juan M. , Pérez‐Matos C. , Fernández M. , García‐Hernández J. A. , Alijotas‐Reig J. , Higueras M. T. , Calero I. , Goya M. , Pérez‐Hoyos S. , Carreras E. , Cabero L. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo ascertain whether screening for pre‐eclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) by uterine artery (UtA) Doppler in the second trimester of pregnancy and targeted surveillance improve maternal and perinatal outcomes in an unselected population.MethodsThis was a multicenter randomized open‐label controlled trial. At the routine second‐trimester anomaly scan, women were assigned randomly to UtA Doppler or non‐Doppler groups. Women with abnormal UtA Doppler were offered intensive surveillance at high‐risk clinics of the participating centers with visits every 4 weeks that included measurement of maternal blood pressure, dipstick proteinuria, fetal growth and Doppler examination. The primary outcome was a composite score for perinatal complications, defined as the presence of any of the following: PE, IUGR, spontaneous labor < 37 weeks' gestation, placental abruption, stillbirth, gestational hypertension, admission to neonatal intensive care unit and neonatal complications. Secondary outcomes were a composite score for maternal complications (disseminated intravascular coagulation, maternal mortality, postpartum hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, sepsis), and medical interventions (for example, corticosteroid administration and induction of labor) in patients developing placenta‐related complications.ResultsIn total, 11 667 women were included in the study. Overall, PE occurred in 348 (3.0%) cases, early‐onset PE in 48 (0.4%), IUGR in 722 (6.2%), early‐onset IUGR in 93 (0.8%) and early‐onset PE with IUGR in 32 (0.3%). UtA mean pulsatility index > 90th percentile was able to detect 59% of early‐onset PE and 60% of early‐onset IUGR with a false‐positive rate of 11.1%. When perinatal and maternal data according to assigned group (UtA Doppler vs non‐Doppler) were compared, no differences were found in perinatal or maternal complications. However, screened patients had more medical interventions, such as corticosteroid administration (relative risk (RR), 1.79 (95% CI, 1.4–2.3)) and induction of labor for IUGR (RR, 1.36 (95% CI, 1.07–1.72)). In women developing PE or IUGR, there was a trend towards fewer maternal complications (RR, 0.46 (95% CI, 0.19–1.11)).ConclusionsRoutine second‐trimester UtA Doppler ultrasound in an unselected population identifies approximately 60% of women at risk for placental complications; however, application of this screening test failed to improve short‐term maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.