bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography by diffusion on a sphere: whole world phylogeography
Authors: Bouckaert Remco 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundTechniques for reconstructing geographical history along a phylogeny can answer many questions of interest about the geographical origins of species. Bayesian models based on the assumption that taxa move through a diffusion process have found many applications. However, these methods rely on diffusion processes on a plane, and do not take the spherical nature of our planet in account. Performing an analysis that covers the whole world thus does not take in account the distortions caused by projections like the Mercator projection.ResultsIn this paper, we introduce a Bayesian phylogeographical method based on diffusion on a sphere. When the area where taxa are sampled from is small, a sphere can be approximated by a plane and the model results in the same inferences as with models using diffusion on a plane. For taxa sampled from the whole world, we obtain substantial differences. We present an efficient algorithm for performing inference in a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, and show applications to small and large samples areas. We compare results between planar and spherical diffusion in a simulation study and apply the method by inferring the origin of Hepatitis B based on sequences sampled from Eurasia and Africa.ConclusionsWe describe a framework for performing phylogeographical inference, which is suitable when the distortion introduced by map projections is large, but works well on a smaller scale as well. The framework allows sampling tips from regions, which is useful when the exact sample location is unknown, and placing prior information on locations of clades in the tree. The method is implemented in the GEO_SPHERE package in BEAST 2, which is open source licensed under LGPL and allows joint tree and geography inference under a wide range of models.
Excess Body Weight and the Risk of Second Primary Cancers Among Cancer Survivors
Authors: Bodelon Clara , Sung Hyuna , Mitchell Ellen L. , Deubler Emily L. , Newton Christina C. , Jemal Ahmedin , Teras Lauren R. , Patel Alpa V. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceLittle is known about the causes of second primary cancers among individuals with a history of cancer. Descriptive studies have suggested that lifestyle factors, including excess body weight, may be important.ObjectiveTo investigate whether excess body weight is associated with the risk of a second primary malignant neoplasm among cancer survivors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study of adults in 21 states in the US used data from the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition cohort, a large prospective study that invited participants to respond to a survey in 1992 and biennial surveys starting in 1997, and who were followed-up through 2017. Eligible participants included those who received a diagnosis of a first primary nonmetastatic invasive cancer between 1992 and 2015. Data analysis occurred from September 2023 to March 2024.ExposureBody mass index (BMI), computed from self-reported height and weight at the time of the first primary cancer diagnosis (mean [SD] years to diagnosis, 1.7 [1.5] years).Main Outcome and MeasuresMain outcomes included a second primary cancer or an obesity-related second cancer. Cancer diagnoses were reported on biennial surveys and verified through medical record abstraction or linkage with state cancer registries.ResultsThis cohort included 26 894 participants who received a diagnosis of a first nonmetastatic primary cancer (mean [SD] age at first cancer diagnosis, 72.2 [6.5] years; 15 920 male [59.2%]). At the time of first diagnosis, 11 497 participants (42.8%) had overweight and 4684 (17.2%) had obesity. During a median (IQR) follow-up time of 7.9 (3.4-13.6) years, 3749 (13.9%) participants received a diagnosis of a second primary cancer, of which 1243 (33.2%) were obesity-related second primary cancers. Compared with cancer survivors whose BMI was in the normal range (18.5 to &amp;lt;25), there was 15% increased risk of any second primary cancer for those who had overweight (25 to &amp;lt;30; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07-1.25) and a 34% increased risk for those who had obesity (BMI ≥30; aHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.21-1.48), with greater risk for obesity-related second primary cancers, including a 40% increased risk for those with overweight (aHR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.22,-1.61) and a 78% increased risk for those with obesity (aHR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.51-2.11).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of older survivors of nonmetastatic cancer, those who had overweight or obesity at the time of their first cancer diagnosis were at higher risk of developing a second cancer, especially an obesity-related second cancer. Given the high prevalence of overweight and obesity among cancer survivors, it is important to promote survivorship care guidelines recommending weight management and increase awareness of second cancers among physicians and cancer survivors.
A Cross‐Cultural and Intra‐Cultural Investigation of the Misinformation Effect in Eyewitness Memory Reports
Authors: Anakwah Nkansah , Horselenberg Robert , Hope Lorraine , Amankwah‐Poku Margaret , van Koppen Peter J. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe culture in which individuals are socialised can play a role in shaping their eyewitness memory reports. Drawing on self‐construal theory, we examined cultural differences in the misinformation effect. In a mock witness paradigm, participants sampled from collectivistic (Ghana; n = 65) and individualistic (United Kingdom; n = 62) cultures were exposed to misleading post‐event information (PEI). Participants provided a free‐recall account and then completed a recognition task that included misinformation items. Cultural differences in misinformation endorsement were not observed in free recall. However, participants from the collectivistic culture endorsed more misleading items in the recognition task than those from the individualistic culture. We also found that in the respective cultures, individual‐level cultural orientation was related to the misinformation effect. These findings provide preliminary insights into the role of culture in susceptibility to misleading PEI and further highlight the importance of eliminating leading or suggestive questioning from investigative interviewing practices.
Dual‐Cation Activation of N‐Enriched Porous Carbons Improves Control of CO2 and N2 Adsorption Thermodynamics for Selective CO2 Capture
Authors: Eichler J. Ehren , Leonard Hanah , Yang Ethan Kang , Smith Lettie A. , Lauro Samantha N. , Burrow James N. , Ribeiro Rui P. P. L. , Mullins C. Buddie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPorous carbons have potential to facilitate energy‐efficient separation of CO2 from post‐combustion flue gas. However, the complicated interplay between chemical and textural properties has prevented a comprehensive understanding of selective CO2 adsorption. This study demonstrates how dual cation activation of carbons serves as a synthetic platform to help modulate porosity independent of nitrogen content. For samples derived from nitrogen‐poor precursors, surface areas deviated significantly (2200–4500 m2 g−1) at a constant total nitrogen content (2.3 ± 0.3 at %). Surface area changed less for samples derived from nitrogen‐rich precursors (400–675 m2 g−1 at 23.1 ± 0.1 at % N). Rigorous structure‐function and thermodynamic analysis of these carbons not only helped to uncover the nature of the different adsorption sites, but also established a fundamental linear free energy exchange relationship. This coupled with material property correlations informed the properties that facilitated selective capture of CO2. Critically, for these physisorptive carbons, selectivity is almost entirely a function of relative porosity and chemical adsorbent‐adsorbate interactions play a negligible role.
High‐Performance Single‐Microplate Perovskite Photodetectors Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol Filled Planar Electrodes for Weak‐Light Imaging and Pixel Integration
Authors: Mei Luyao , Yu Wenzhi , Cui Nan , Li Yang , Yang Tian , Fei Jianjian , Huang Zhanfeng , Xu Zhengji , Mu Haoran , Lin Shenghuang , Zhu Lu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotoconductors featuring an individual micro/nano‐crystal as the photoactive channel hold the great promise for next‐generation integrated optoelectronics. Meanwhile, the gain aiming for signal amplification without an extra amplifier, the fast response for fast data transfer, and low dark current for weak signal acquisition are highly desirable in integrated optoelectronics, but are inherent trade‐off in traditional photoconductors. Herein, the study demonstrates a single‐microplate MAPbI3 photoconductor based on polyvinyl alcohol‐filled planar electrodes that can simultaneously achieve excellent performance on these parameters. The superior performance can be attributed to the exquisite design of filling the device channel gap with polyvinyl alcohol. This deep‐work‐function transparent polyvinyl alcohol can not only passivate surface defects of the perovskite microplate by hydrogen bonding, but also form a heterojunction with top perovskites to induce a depleted channel. Resultant single‐microplate photodetectors exhibit exceptional performance characteristics including ultra‐low noise‐equivalent power of 0.19 fW Hz−1/2, high specific detectivity of 3.68 × 1014 Jones, fast response of 3.2 µs, high EQE‐bandwidth over 107 Hz, as well as excellent stability. More importantly, single‐microplate MAPbI3 photoconductors demonstrate ultra‐weak‐light imaging ability surpassing silicon counterparts. Furthermore, the successful integration of their microplate pixels showcases the promising prospect for integrated optoelectronics.
High Strength and Tough Ionogels with Bicontinuous Phase Network Structure Induced by Electrostatic Adsorption Triggered Microphase Separation
Authors: Cong Zhenhua , Cui Zeyu , Liu Chen , Wang Junlong , Huo Xiaosheng , Xu Junbin , Niu Jian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA simple one‐step approach is presented to fabricate high strength and tough ionogels by copolymerizing zwitterionic monomers and monomers rich in functional groups capable of forming hydrogen bonds within an ionic liquid. The electrostatic adsorption of ionic liquid by the polyzwitterionic segment induces the formation of a bicontinuous phase network structure consisting of a polymer‐rich phase and a solvent‐rich phase. Within this structure, a polymer‐rich phase with hydrogen bonds dissipates energy and enhances the toughness of the ionogel, while an elastic solvent‐rich phase facilitates significant strain. The prepared ionogels exhibit high fracture strength (8.89 MPa), toughness (41.12 MJ m−3), and Young's modulus (58.9 MPa). The critical point for triggering the formation of a bicontinuous phase network can be precisely controlled by the maximum adsorption capacity of the zwitterionic monomers for the ionic liquid. Ionogels at the critical point of bicontinuous phase network formation demonstrate excellent fatigue resistance, with residual strain of only ≈25% under 50% to 250% strain conditions, recovering to their original state within 5 s. Due to the widespread presence of electrostatic interactions, this strategy for constructing a bicontinuous phase network structure exhibits excellent adaptability across different ionic liquid systems.
Bioinspired Spectrally Selective Phase‐Change Composites for Enhanced Solar Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Xu Qiao , Liu Xianglei , Luo Qingyang , Yao Haichen , Tian Yang , Wang Jianguo , Lv Shushan , Xuan Yimin , Farid Mohammed 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntegrating solar thermal conversion with phase change materials (PCMs) offers a promising pathway for continuous thermal energy generation with a zero‐carbon footprint. However, substantial infrared radiation losses at elevated temperatures often hinder the efficiency of such integrated systems. Inspired by the thermoregulation mechanisms of polar bears, this work introduces composite PCMs with spectrally selective absorption to enhance solar thermal energy storage efficiency. These composite phase change materials (CPCMs), featuring densely packed SiC ceramic grains with high porosity, exhibit a thermal conductivity of up to 14 W m−1 K−1 and an energy storage density of 195.1 kJ kg−1. The incorporation of nanoparticle‐coated foil induces a plasmonic effect that increases solar absorptivity to 90.57% and reduces infrared emissivity from 71.94% to 7.47%. Consequently, the solar thermal storage efficiency is significantly increased from 54.56% to 81.65% at 500 K, effectively addressing the challenges associated with high‐temperature solar thermal storage. Additionally, the low infrared emissivity of the c (PNC), combined with the inherent heat absorption properties of PCMs, enables infrared stealth functionality. These multifunctional CPCMs demonstrate considerable potential for advancing high‐temperature solar thermal storage technologies and other heat‐related applications.
Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Quinoline Enabled by Cu0‐Cu+ Dual Sites Coupled with Efficient Biomass Valorization in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Pan Yaoling , Bao Zhenyu , Wang Chen , Wang Zhengyu , Xu Penghui , Bai Xinwen , Shi Xiaowei , Zheng Huajun , Wang Hong‐En , Zheng Lingxia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe hydrogenation of nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic precursors in aqueous medium is challenging, especially at ambient temperature and pressure. Electrochemical hydrogenation (ECH) of quinoline to 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) at mild conditions using water as the hydrogen source is demonstrated with splendid activity on a Cu‐based nonprecicous catalyst. The yield of THQ is up to ≈100% with ≈100% selectivity at −1.275 V vs Hg/HgO. The real active sites and key intermediates are deciphered, where the Lewis acid‐base sites on the heterointerface of Cu/Cu2O are beneficial to the quinoline adsorption in a dual‐site coordination configuration and water dissociation to afford H*. The presence of Cu0 plays a vital role in inhibiting the binding of H*, which ensures good Faradaic efficiency. In addition, a novel co‐production system by coupling benzyl alcohol oxidation at the anode is established, achieving dual benefits in both energy utilization efficiency and economic benefits.
Concave Grain Boundaries Stabilized by Boron Segregation for Efficient and Durable Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Geng Xin , Vega‐Paredes Miquel , Lu Xiaolong , Chakraborty Poulami , Li Yue , Scheu Christina , Wang Zhenyu , Gault Baptiste 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a critical process that limits the efficiency of fuel cells and metal‐air batteries due to its slow kinetics, even when catalyzed by platinum (Pt). To reduce Pt usage, enhancing both the specific activity and electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of Pt catalysts is essential. Here, ultrafine, grain boundary (GB)‐rich Pt nanoparticle assemblies are proposed as efficient ORR catalysts. These nanowires offer a large ECSA and a high density of concave GB sites, which improve specific activity. Atoms at these GB sites exhibit increased coordination and lattice distortion, leading to a favorable reduction in oxygen binding energy and enhanced ORR performance. Furthermore, boron segregation stabilizes these GBs, preserving active sites during catalysis. The resulting boron‐stabilized Pt nanoassemblies demonstrate ORR specific and mass activities of 9.18 mA cm−2 and 6.40 A mg−1Pt (at 0.9 V vs. RHE), surpassing commercial Pt/C catalysts by over 35‐fold, with minimal degradation after 60 000 potential cycles. This approach offers a versatile platform for optimizing the catalytic performance of a wide range of nanoparticle systems.
Synergistic Intramolecular Non‐Covalent Interactions Enable Robust Pure‐Blue TADF Emitters
Authors: Meng Qing‐yu , Shao Hao‐yun , Wang Rui , Yao Cheng‐yu , Wang Yi‐lei , Wen Xue‐liang , Xu Jing‐yi , Dai Yu , Qiao Juan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStability‐issues of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) employing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) require further advancements, especially in pure‐blue range of CIEy < 0.20, existing a dilemma between color purity and device lifetime. Though improving bond‐dissociation‐energy (BDE) can effectively improve material intrinsic stability, strategies to simultaneously improve BDE and photophysical performances are still lacking. Herein, it is disclosed that synergistic intramolecular non‐covalent interactions (Intra‐NI) can achieve not only the highest C─N BDE among blue TADF materials, but enhanced molecular‐rigidity, near‐unity photoluminescent quantum yields and short delayed lifetime. Pure‐blue TADF‐OLEDs based on proof‐of‐concept TADF material realize high external‐quantum‐efficiency and record‐high LT80@500 cd m−2 of 109 h with CIEy = 0.16. Furthermore, deep‐blue TADF‐sensitized devices exhibit high LT80@500 cd m−2 of 81 h with CIEy = 0.10. The findings provide new insight into the critical role of Intra‐NI in OLED materials and open the way to tackling vexing stability issues for developing robust pure‐blue organic emitters and other functional materials.
Spin Manipulation of Heterogeneous Molecular Electrocatalysts by an Integrated Magnetic Field for Efficient Oxygen Redox Reactions
Authors: Yu Zixun , Zhang Di , Wang Yangyang , Liu Fangzhou , She Fangxin , Chen Jiaxiang , Zhang Yuefeng , Wang Ruijie , Zeng Zhiyuan , Song Li , Chen Yuan , Li Hao , Wei Li 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the spin‐dependent activity of nitrogen‐coordinated single metal atom (M‐N‐C) electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) remains challenging due to the lack of structure‐defined catalysts and effective spin manipulation tools. Herein, both challenges using a magnetic field integrated heterogeneous molecular electrocatalyst prepared by anchoring cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) deposited carbon black on polymer‐protected magnet nanoparticles, are addressed. The built‐in magnetic field can shift the Co center from low‐ to high‐spin (HS) state without atomic structure modification, affording one‐order higher turnover frequency, a 50% increased H2O2 selectivity for ORR, and a ≈4000% magnetocurrent enhancement for OER. This catalyst can significantly minimize magnet usage, enabling safe and continuous production of a pure H2O2 solution for 100 h from a 100 cm2 electrolyzer. The new strategy demonstrated here also applies to other metal phthalocyanine‐based catalysts, offering a universal platform for studying spin‐related electrochemical processes.
Tyrosinase‐Woven Melanin Nets for Melanoma Therapy through Targeted Mitochondrial Tethering and Enhanced Photothermal Treatment
Authors: Tang Mian , Duan Tianshun , Lu Yunfeng , Liu Jinwei , Gao Cheng , Wang Ruibing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractManipulating intracellular biological processes and organelles has emerged as a pivotal strategy to influence cellular physiological functions. Mitochondria, recognized as the powerhouse of cells, play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and progression. Inspired by the Nature's tyrosinase‐catalyzed melanin formation within melanoma cells, here an approach is developed using a polysaccharide dually‐functionalized with tyrosine and triphenylphosphine (TPP) for targeted mitochondria cross‐linking in melanoma cells. This technique intricately weaves melanin nets within the cells, serving as a tether for the mitochondria and effectively decelerating tumor metabolism through nanoparticle‐net transformation. Tyrosinase acts as the “needle”, while the functionalized polysaccharide serves as the “string” successfully constructing nets within the cell. Furthermore, the tyrosinase‐catalyzed cross‐linking of tyrosine not only facilitates the production of artificial melanin but also enhances the photothermal conversion efficiency of melanoma cells, leading to decrease of the tumor growth. This study unveils a non‐drug method for regulating organelle physiological activity and introduces photothermal treatment. This work not only sheds light on the manipulation of cellular functions but also holds promise for advancing cancer therapeutic strategies.
Temperature‐Dependent Recombination Dynamics of Photocarriers in CsPbBr3 Microcrystals Revealed by Ultrafast Terahertz Spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Sheng H. , Moon Kyeongdeuk , Shoaib Muhammad , Pedorella Charles N. B. , O'Brien Kellen , Sher Meng‐Ju , Kim Seokhyoung , Cocker Tyler L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe ultrafast dynamics of photoexcited charge carriers are studied in micron‐scale crystals composed of the inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 with time‐resolved terahertz spectroscopy. Exciting with photon energy close to the band edge, it is found that a fast (<10 ps) decay emerges in the terahertz photoconductivity with increasing pump fluence and decreasing temperature, dominating the dynamics at 4 K. The fluence‐dependent dynamics can be globally fit by a nonlinear recombination model, which reveals that the influence of different nonlinear recombination mechanisms in the studied pump fluence range depends on temperature. Whereas the Auger scattering rate decreases with decreasing temperature from 77 to 4 K, the radiative recombination rate increases by three orders of magnitude. Spectroscopically, the terahertz photoconductivity resembles a Drude response at all delays, yet an additional Lorentz component due to an above‐bandwidth resonance is needed to fully reproduce the data.
Bidirectionally Regulated Ultraviolet and Visible Dual‐Band Photoresponse Characteristics of Self‐Powered BiOI/WO3 Photodetectors
Authors: Liu Fan , Xu Jianping , Shi Shaobo , Li Jia , Pang Chengning , Kong Lina , Zhang Xiaosong , Li Lan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractImages captured in inadequate illumination or uneven brightness conditions are prone to suffer from loss of detail and reduced contrast. Self‐powered BiOI/WO3 heterojunction PDs with bidirectionally regulated ultraviolet (UV) and visible dual‐band photoresponse characteristics can help to solve the problems. By varying the growth time of BiOI nanoflakes (NFs) on WO3 nanorod arrays (NRs), different stoichiometric ratios and crystal and band structures of BiOI are achieved. The I− ions migration inside the BiOI controlled by applying a pre‐bias voltage can induce the accumulation of polarized charges at the heterojunction interface, then alter the width of the depletion region as well as the height of the interface barrier, which in turn affects the dynamics of photo‐generated carriers. Upon applying a positive (negative) pre‐bias, the self‐powered photocurrent decreases (increases) in the UV band, whereas increases (decreases) in the visible band. Based on BiOI/WO3 heterojunction PDs, a machine vision imaging system is designed, which enhances image contrast and detail in strong and weak light conditions. This system facilitates rapid feature extraction and recognition, advancing the development of intelligent, real‐time digital machine vision systems.