bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ЗАКОНОДАВЧОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ САМОРЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ САМОРЕГУЛЮВАННЯ І ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Hromovyk B. P. , Pankevych O. B. 
Published: October 2017

Мета роботи. Аналіз сучасного стану законодавчого забезпечення процесів саморегулювання (СР) господарської діяльності та перспектив СР і державного регулювання (ДР) фармацевтичної діяльності. Матеріали і методи. Матеріалом дослідження були нормативно-правові акти, що стосуються СР. Для вирішення поставленої задачі були застосовані методи дослідження: системний, аналізу, порівняння, формалізації, узагальнення та моделювання.Результати й обговорення. Вивчення нормативно-правової бази у сфері СР господарської діяльності в Україні показало, що дане положення тою чи іншою мірою закріпилося на ринку фінансових послуг та його сегментів, у сфері землеустрою, архітектурної діяльності, діяльності оцінювачів, адвокатів, нотаріусів та аудиторів. При цьому в інших видах господарської діяльності, зокрема у фармацевтичній сфері, СР не знайшло належного законодавчого закріплення. Показано сучасний стан регулювання фармацевтичної діяльності за участю громадських організацій та громадських рад при центральних органах виконавчої влади, а також перспективу її СР.Висновки. На підставі аналізу нормативно-правової бази досліджено особливості СР різних видів господарської діяльності в Україні. Змодельовано взаємодію інститутів громадянського суспільства з органами ДР та саморегулюючими організаціями щодо фармацевтичної діяльності від стану «як є» до стану «як бути».
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АМІНОКИСЛОТНОГО СКЛАДУ АРТИШОКУ СУЦВІТЬ
Authors: Fedosov A. I. 
Published: October 2017

Мета роботи. Амінокислоти є одним із важливих компонентів комплексу біологічно активних речовин рослин. Амінокислоти містяться в рослинах у легкозасвоюваних комплексах і в біологічно доступних концентраціях для організму людини, що зумовлює вищу біодоступність і фізіологічну активність порівняно з синтетичними аналогами. Тому метою роботи було дослідження амінокислотного складу артишоку суцвіть.Матеріали і методи. Визначення вільних та зв’язаних амінокислот проводили методом високоефективної рідинної хроматографії (ВЕРХ). Хроматографічне розділення здійснювали на рідинному хроматографі Agilent 1200 (Agilent technologies, USA). Ідентифікацію амінокислот проводили шляхом порівняння часів утримання з сумішшю стандартів амінокислот.Результати й обговорення. Методом високоефективної рідинної хроматографії у артишоку суцвіттях було ідентифіковано та визначено вміст 14 амінокислот, серед яких13 визначено як у вільному стані, так і зв'язаному, а тирозин виявлено лише у зв’язаному стані. Як показали результати проведених досліджень, серед вільних амінокислот найбільше міститься проліну – 2,21 % і аспарагінової кислоти – 1,23 %, у зв’язаному стані у великій кількості накопичуються аспарагінова кислота (14,44 %) і глутамінова кислота (5,22 %). Тирозин у вільному стані в артишоку суцвіттях не виявлено.Висновки. Методом високоефективної рідинної хроматографії досліджено амінокислотний склад артишоку суцвіть.
Update to Practice Standards for Electrocardiographic Monitoring in Hospital Settings: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Sandau Kristin E. , Funk Marjorie , Auerbach Andrew , Barsness Gregory W. , Blum Kay , Cvach Maria , Lampert Rachel , May Jeanine L. , McDaniel George M. , Perez Marco V. , Sendelbach Sue , Sommargren Claire E. , Wang Paul J. 
Published: October 2017

Background and Purpose:
This scientific statement provides an interprofessional, comprehensive review of evidence and recommendations for indications, duration, and implementation of continuous electro cardiographic monitoring of hospitalized patients. Since the original practice standards were published in 2004, new issues have emerged that need to be addressed: overuse of arrhythmia monitoring among a variety of patient populations, appropriate use of ischemia and QT-interval monitoring among select populations, alarm management, and documentation in electronic health records.

Methods:
Authors were commissioned by the American Heart Association and included experts from general cardiology, electrophysiology (adult and pediatric), and interventional cardiology, as well as a hospitalist and experts in alarm management. Strict adherence to the American Heart Association conflict of interest policy was maintained throughout the consensus process. Authors were assigned topics relevant to their areas of expertise, reviewed the literature with an emphasis on publications since the prior practice standards, and drafted recommendations on indications and duration for electrocardiographic monitoring in accordance with the American Heart Association Level of Evidence grading algorithm that was in place at the time of commissioning.

Results:
The comprehensive document is grouped into 5 sections: (1) Overview of Arrhythmia, Ischemia, and QTc Monitoring; (2) Recommendations for Indication and Duration of Electrocardiographic Monitoring presented by patient population; (3) Organizational Aspects: Alarm Management, Education of Staff, and Documentation; (4) Implementation of Practice Standards; and (5) Call for Research.

Conclusions:
Many of the recommendations are based on limited data, so authors conclude with specific questions for further research.
Improving Assessment of Drug Safety Through Proteomics
Authors: Williams Stephen A. , Murthy Ashwin C. , DeLisle Robert K. , Hyde Craig , Malarstig Anders , Ostroff Rachel , Weiss Sophie J. , Segal Mark R. , Ganz Peter 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Early detection of adverse effects of novel therapies and understanding of their mechanisms could improve the safety and efficiency of drug development. We have retrospectively applied large-scale proteomics to blood samples from ILLUMINATE (Investigation of Lipid Level Management to Understand its Impact in Atherosclerotic Events), a trial of torcetrapib (a cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitor), that involved 15 067 participants at high cardiovascular risk. ILLUMINATE was terminated at a median of 550 days because of significant absolute increases of 1.2% in cardiovascular events and 0.4% in mortality with torcetrapib. The aims of our analysis were to determine whether a proteomic analysis might reveal biological mechanisms responsible for these harmful effects and whether harmful effects of torcetrapib could have been detected early in the ILLUMINATE trial with proteomics.

Methods:
A nested case-control analysis of paired plasma samples at baseline and at 3 months was performed in 249 participants assigned to torcetrapib plus atorvastatin and 223 participants assigned to atorvastatin only. Within each treatment arm, cases with events were matched to controls 1:1. Main outcomes were a survey of 1129 proteins for discovery of biological pathways altered by torcetrapib and a 9-protein risk score validated to predict myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, or death.

Results:

Plasma concentrations of 200 proteins changed significantly with torcetrapib. Their pathway analysis revealed unexpected and widespread changes in immune and inflammatory functions, as well as changes in endocrine systems, including in aldosterone function and glycemic control. At baseline, 9-protein risk scores were similar in the 2 treatment arms and higher in participants with subsequent events. At 3 months, the absolute 9-protein derived risk increased in the torcetrapib plus atorvastatin arm compared with the atorvastatin-only arm by 1.08% (
P
=0.0004). Thirty-seven proteins changed in the direction of increased risk of 49 proteins previously associated with cardiovascular and mortality risk.

Conclusions:
Heretofore unknown effects of torcetrapib were revealed in immune and inflammatory functions. A protein-based risk score predicted harm from torcetrapib within just 3 months. A protein-based risk assessment embedded within a large proteomic survey may prove to be useful in the evaluation of therapies to prevent harm to patients.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00134264.
Sex Differences in Circulating Progenitor Cells
Authors: Topel Matthew L. , Hayek Salim S. , Ko Yi‐An , Sandesara Pratik B. , Samman Tahhan Ayman , Hesaroieh Iraj , Mahar Ernestine , Martin Greg S. , Waller Edmund K. , Quyyumi Arshed A. 
Published: October 2017

Background
Lower levels of circulating progenitor cells (PCs) reflect impaired endogenous regenerative capacity and are associated with aging, vascular disease, and poor outcomes. Whether biologic sex and sex hormones influence PC numbers remains a subject of controversy. We sought to determine sex differences in circulating PCs in both healthy persons and patients with coronary artery disease, and to determine their association with sex hormone levels.

Methods and Results

In 642 participants (mean age 48 years, 69% women, 23% black) free from cardiovascular disease, we measured circulating PC counts as CD45
med+
mononuclear cells coexpressing CD34 and its subsets expressing CD133, chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor 4, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 epitopes using flow cytometry. Testosterone and estradiol levels were measured. After adjustment for age, cardiovascular risk factors, and body mass, CD34
+
(β=−23%,
P
<0.001), CD34
+
/CD133
+
(β=−20%,
P
=0.001), CD34
+
/chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor 4–positive (β=−24%,
P
<0.001), and CD34
+
/chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor 4–positive/CD133
+
(β=−21%,
P
=0.001) PC counts, but not vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2‐positive PC counts were lower in women compared with men. Estradiol levels positively correlated with hematopoietic, but not vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2‐ positive PC counts in women (
P
<0.05). Testosterone levels and PC counts were not correlated in men. These findings were replicated in an independent cohort with prevalent coronary artery disease.

Conclusions
Women have lower circulating hematopoietic PC levels compared with men. Estrogen levels are modestly associated with PC levels in women. Since PCs are reflective of endogenous regenerative capacity, these findings may at least partly explain the rise in adverse cardiovascular events in women with aging and menopause.
Thrombectomy in Acute Stroke With Tandem Occlusions From Dissection Versus Atherosclerotic Cause
Authors: Gory Benjamin , Piotin Michel , Haussen Diogo C. , Steglich-Arnholm Henrik , Holtmannspötter Markus , Labreuche Julien , Taschner Christian , Eiden Sebastian , Nogueira Raul G. , Papanagiotou Panagiotis , Boutchakova Maria , Siddiqui Adnan , Lapergue Bertrand , Dorn Franziska , Cognard Christophe , Killer-Oberpfalzer Monika , Mangiafico Salvatore , Ribo Marc , Behme Daniel , Spiotta Alejandro M. , Mazighi Mikael , Turjman Francis ,   on behalf of the TITAN Investigators*
Published: October 2017

Background and Purpose—
Tandem steno-occlusive lesions were poorly represented in randomized trials and represent a major challenge for endovascular thrombectomy in acute anterior circulation strokes. The impact of the cervical carotid lesion cause (ie, atherosclerotic versus dissection) on outcome of tandem patients endovascularly treated remains to be assessed.

Methods—
We retrospectively analyzed individual data of prospectively collected consecutive tandem patients treated with endovascular thrombectomy. The primary outcome was favorable outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2). Secondary efficacy outcomes included successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebrovascular Infarction scores of 2b-3), time to reperfusion, and safety outcomes encompassed procedural complications, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and 90-day mortality.

Results—

Among the 295 included patients, 65 had cervical carotid dissection and 230 had cervical carotid atherosclerotic cause. The rate of favorable outcome was 56.3% in the dissection group versus 47.6% in the atherosclerotic arm (center-, age-, and admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale–adjusted odds ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.50–2.30;
P
=0.85). No significant differences were observed in secondary outcomes. The rates of successful reperfusion, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and 90-day mortality were 78.5% versus 74.5% (
P
=0.13), 4.6% versus 5.2% (
P
=1.0), and 7.8% versus 15.3% (
P
=0.94) in the dissection versus atherosclerotic groups, respectively. The median procedural time was 76 minutes (interquartile range, 52–95 minutes) in the dissection group and 67 minutes (interquartile range, 45–98 minutes) in the atherosclerotic group (
P
=0.24).

Conclusions—
We found no differences in the outcomes of patients with anterior circulation tandem atherosclerotic and dissection lesions treated with endovascular thrombectomy. Further studies are warranted.
Examination of the ‘Assad Must Go’ Doctrine
Authors: Tzimas Themistoklis 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The internal conflict in Syria and the legal imperatives of the ‘Assad must go’ doctrine have brought to the fore the issue of government legitimacy. This article examines the ‘de-legitimisation/legitimisation process’, meaning the denial of the legitimacy of a government from the perspective of the international community, in favor of the attribution of legitimacy to another entity. The main argument is that government legitimacy is determined on the basis of a combination of objective and legal criteria at the domestic and international level. When the objective criteria are contested by opposition forces to a significant extent, the international community needs to answer the question: who must be recognised as the legitimate government? Having set out the criteria for such a decision, I then examine the de-legitimisation of the Syrian government and the recognition of the Syrian National Coalition (snc) as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by regional organisations and by Member States of the un.
Back to the Future? Confronting the Role(s) of Natural Resources in Armed Conflict Through the Lenses of Truth and Reconciliation Commissions
Authors: Cusato Eliana 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Natural resources are critical factors in the transition from conflict to peace. Whether they contributed to, financed or fuelled armed conflict, failure to integrate natural resources into post-conflict strategies may endanger the chances of a long-lasting and sustainable peace. This article explores how Truth and Reconciliation Commissions (trcs), as transitional justice institutions, can contribute to addressing the multifaceted role of natural resources in armed conflict. Drawing insights from the practice of the Sierra Leonean and Liberian trcs in this area, the article identifies several ways in which truth-seeking bodies may reinforce post-conflict accountability and avoid the future reoccurrence of abuses and conflict by actively engaging with the natural resource-conflict link. As it is often the case with other transitional justice initiatives, trcs’ engagement with the role of natural resources in armed conflict brings along opportunities and challenges, which are contextual and influenced by domestic and international factors.
The Kiev Civil Liability Protocol and the Interaction between Civil and Administrative Liability Regimes
Authors: Dascalopoulou-Livada Phani , Kolliopoulos Alexandros 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Τhe Kiev Civil Liability Protocol creates a strict liability regime which channels liability towards the operator, providing also that such liability shall be covered by compulsory insurance. The Protocol implements the “polluter-pays” principle and, unlike other similar regimes, it is neither exclusive nor self-contained, allowing in some instances for the application of other international instruments or of relevant rules of domestic law. It is argued that the Kiev Protocol can coexist with eu Directive 2004/35 on environmental liability, given that the latter opts for an administrative approach, and could even provide a mechanism for the recovery of costs incurred by the competent public authority in case of transboundary damage, thus facilitating the implementation of the Directive. It covers both economic and, to an extent, environmental damage and, if in force, will be an important tool in the hands of the victims of transboundary pollution.
First finding of the shrimp genus Harperalpheus Felder &amp; Anker, 2007 in the eastern Pacific, with description of a new species from Bahía Málaga, Colombia (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Alpheidae)
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR , LAZARUS JUAN FELIPE 
Published: October 2017

A new infaunal species of the rare alpheid genus Harperalpheus Felder & Anker, 2007 is described from Bahía Málaga, Pacific coast of Colombia, based on single, incomplete holotype specimen. Harperalpheus leptodactylus sp. nov. may be easily separated from the western Atlantic type species and only other species of the genus, H. pequegnatae Felder & Anker, 2007, by several morphological characters on the first and fifth pereiopod, as well as on the antennular peduncle.
Seasonal and Regional Variations of Long-Term Changes in Upper-Tropospheric Jets from Reanalyses
Authors: Manney Gloria L. , Hegglin Michaela I. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Long-term changes in upper-tropospheric jet latitude, altitude, and strength are assessed for 1980–2014 using five modern reanalyses: MERRA, MERRA-2, ERA-Interim, JRA-55, and NCEP CFSR. Changes are computed from jet locations evaluated daily at each longitude to analyze regional and seasonal variations. The changes in subtropical and polar (eddy driven) jets are evaluated separately. Good agreement among the reanalyses in many regions and seasons provides confidence in the robustness of the diagnosed trends. Jet shifts show strong regional and seasonal variations, resulting in changes that are not robust in zonal or annual means. Robust changes in the subtropical jet indicate tropical widening over Africa except during Northern Hemisphere (NH) spring, and tropical narrowing over the eastern Pacific in NH winter. The Southern Hemisphere (SH) polar jet shows a robust poleward shift, while the NH polar jet shifts equatorward in most regions/seasons. Both subtropical and polar jet altitudes typically increase; these changes are more robust in the NH than in the SH. Subtropical jet wind speeds have generally increased in winter and decreased in summer, whereas polar jet wind speeds have weakened (strengthened) over Africa and eastern Asia (elsewhere) during winter in both hemispheres. The Asian monsoon has increased in area and appears to have shifted slightly westward toward Africa. The results herein highlight the importance of understanding regional and seasonal variations when quantifying long-term changes in jet locations, the mechanisms for those changes, and their potential human impacts. Comparison of multiple reanalyses is a valuable tool for assessing the robustness of jet changes.
An Eulerian Framework for Event-Based Pattern Verification
Authors: Nachamkin Jason E. , Jin Yi 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
When consulting a forecast, users often ask some variant of the following questions: Will an event of interest occur? If so, when will it occur? How long will it last? How intense will it be? Standard verification measures often do not directly communicate the ability of a forecast to answer these questions. Instead, quantitative scores typically address them indirectly or in some combined form. A more direct performance measure grew from what started as a project for a high-school intern. The challenge was to evaluate aspects of forecast quality from a set of convection-allowing (1.67 km) precipitation forecasts over Florida. Although the output was highly detailed, evaluation became manageable by simply adding a series of static landmarks with range rings and radials. Using the “targets” as a guide, the student and the two authors successfully obtained quantitative estimates of model tendencies that had heretofore only been reported anecdotally. What follows is a description of the method as well as the results from the analysis. It is hoped that this work will stimulate a broader discussion about how to extract performance information from very complex forecasts and present that information in terms that humans can readily perceive.
Does the addition of two exercise-focussed home visits to usual care improve outcomes for patients with balance impairments? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Whitbourne Craig , Shields Nora , Tacey Mark , Koh Kenneth WZ , Lawler Katherine , Hill Keith D 
Published: October 2017

Objective: To investigate whether two additional home visits improve outcomes for rehabilitation outpatients with balance impairments compared to usual care. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Outpatient rehabilitation. Participants: Fifty with balance impairments. Interventions: Both groups received usual care including weekly group exercise over eight weeks. The intervention group received two home visits to individualize home exercises. Outcome measures: Primary outcome measure was the Balance Outcome Measure for Elder Rehabilitation (BOOMER) score, and secondary outcomes included force platform measures using the NeuroCom Balance Master®, assessed at baseline, after intervention and three-month follow-up. Results: There was no between-group difference for BOOMER score. There were significant between-group differences in favour of the intervention group for limits of stability reaction time at week 9 (mean difference (MD) −0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.44 to −0.09) and week 22 (MD −0.28, 95% CI −0.45 to −0.10) and for limits of stability maximal excursion at week 9 (MD 8.66, 95% CI 1.67 to 15.65) and week 22 (MD 14.58, 95% CI 7.59 to 21.57). Significant between-group differences favoured the control group for Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction of Balance at week 9 (MD 0.40, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.66) and week 22 (MD 0.45, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.72) and step quick turn time at week 9 (MD 0.56, 95% CI 0.02 to 1.10). Conclusion: Two exercise-focussed home visits improved some dynamic balance outcomes in older patients with balance impairments. Some outcomes showed significant improvements with small effect sizes in favour of the control group which may be chance findings or because they completed a standard home exercise programme.
Microvascular decompression or neuromodulation in patients with SUNCT and trigeminal neurovascular conflict?
Authors: Hassan Samih , Lagrata Susie , Levy Andrew , Matharu Manjit , Zrinzo Ludvic 
Published: October 2017

Objectives To assess the effectiveness of neuromodulation and trigeminal microvascular decompression (MVD) in patients with medically-intractable short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT). Methods Two patients with medically refractory SUNCT underwent MVD following beneficial but incomplete response to neuromodulation (occipital nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation). MRI confirmed neurovascular conflict with the ipsilateral trigeminal nerve in both patients. Results Although neuromodulation provided significant benefit, it did not deliver complete relief from pain and management required numerous postoperative visits with adjustment of medication and stimulation parameters. Conversely, MVD was successful in eliminating symptoms of SUNCT in both patients with no need for further medical treatment or neuromodulation. Conclusion Neuromodulation requires expensive hardware and lifelong follow-up and maintenance. These case reports highlight that microvascular decompression may be preferable to neuromodulation in the subset of SUNCT patients with ipsilateral neurovascular conflict.