bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional intervention as part of functional rehabilitation in older people with reduced functional ability: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled studies
Authors: Beck A. M. , Dent E. , Baldwin C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundNutritional intervention is increasingly recognised as having an important role in functional rehabilitation for older people. Nonetheless, a greater understanding of the functional benefit of nutritional interventions is needed.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis examined randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2007 and 2014 with the aim of determining whether nutritional intervention combined with rehabilitation benefited older people with reduced functional ability. Six electronic databases were searched. RCTs including people aged 65 years and older with reduced physical, social and/or cognitive function were included. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines were followed, and gradepro computer software (http://gradepro.org) was used for the quality assessment of critical and important outcomes. Included studies considered to be clinical homogenous were combined in a meta‐analysis.ResultsOf the 788 studies screened, five were identified for inclusion. Nutritional intervention given with functional rehabilitation improved energy and protein intake, although it failed to provide any improvement in final body weight, hand‐grip strength or muscle strength. There was no difference between groups in the critical outcomes; balance, cognition, activities of daily living and mortality at long‐term follow‐up. Nutritional intervention given with functional rehabilitation was associated with an increased likelihood of both mortality (odds ratio = 1.77; 95% confidence interval = 1.13–2.76) and hospitalisation (odds ratio = 2.29; 95% confidence interval = 1.10–4.79) during the intervention. Meta‐analysis of the baseline data showed that, overall, the intervention cohort had a lower body weight and cognition.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis highlights concerns regarding the quality of the randomisation of participants at baseline. Future high‐quality research is essential to establish whether older people with loss of functional abilities can benefit from nutritional intervention.
The astrocytic response to the dopaminergic denervation of the striatum
Authors: Morales Ingrid , Sanchez Alberto , Rodriguez‐Sabate Clara , Rodriguez Manuel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that the dopaminergic degeneration which characterizes Parkinson's disease starts in the striatal dopamine terminals and progresses retrogradely to the body of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra. The role of striatal astrocytes in the striatal initiation of the dopaminergic degeneration is little known. This work was aimed at studying the astrocytic response to the dopaminergic denervation of the striatum. The injection of 6‐hydroxydopamine (25 μg) in the lateral ventricle of adult Sprague–Dawley rats induced a fast (4 h) and selective (unaccompanied by unspecific lesions of striatal tissue or microgliosis) degeneration of the dopaminergic innervation of the striatum which was followed by a selective astrocytosis unaccompanied by microgliosis. This astrocytosis was severe and had a specific profile which included some (e.g. up‐regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein,GS, S100β,NDRG2, vimentin) but not all (e.g. astrocytic proliferation or differentiation fromNG2 cells, astrocytic scars, microgliosis) the characteristics observed after the non‐selective lesion of the striatum. This astrocytosis is similar to those observed in the parkinsonian striatum and, because it is was unaccompanied by changes in other striatal cells (e.g. by microgliosis), it may be suitable to study the role of striatal astrocytes during the dopaminergic denervation which characterizes the first stages of Parkinson's disease.imageThe dopaminergic denervation of the striatum induced a severe astrogliosis with a specific profile which included some (e.g. up‐regulation ofGFAP,GS, S100β,NDRG2, vimentin) but not all (e.g. astrocytic proliferation or differentiation fromNG2 cells, astrocytic scars, microgliosis) the characteristics observed after the non‐selective striatal lesions. This response may help to understand the role of striatal astrocytes during the dopaminergic denervation which characterizes the first stages ofPD.Cover Imagefor this issue: doi:10.1111/jnc.13336.
The expression of tenascin‐C and tenascin‐W in human ossicles
Authors: Tucker Richard P. , Peterson Cathryn A. , Hendaoui Ismail , Bichet Sandrine , Chiquet‐Ehrismann Ruth 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe ossicles of the middle ear (the malleus, incus and stapes) transmit forces resulting from vibrations of the tympanic membrane to the cochlea where they are coded as sound. Hearing loss can result from diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that affect the joints between the ossicles or degenerative processes like otosclerosis that lead to ankylosis of the footplate of the stapes in the oval window of the cochlea. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to determine if the extracellular matrix glycoproteins tenascin‐C or tenascin‐W are expressed in the incudomalleolar and incudostapedial joints of ossicles dissected from human cadavers. Tenascin‐C, which is expressed during inflammatory conditions including RA, was seen in the articular cartilage of the incudomalleolar joints and the head of the stapes. Tenascin‐W, in contrast, was enriched in the annular ligament that anchors the footplate of the stapes into the oval window of the cochlea.
Women With Cardiogenic Shock Derive Greater Benefit From Early Mechanical Circulatory Support: An Update From the cVAD Registry
Authors: Joseph Susan M. , Brisco Meredith A. , Colvin Monica , Grady Kathleen L. , Walsh Mary Norine , Cook Jennifer L. ,   for the genVAD Working Group
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this analysis was to assess survival differences between men and women supported with Impella 2.5 (Abiomed Inc., Danvers) in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS).BackgroundData on sex differences in outcomes of CS with mechanical circulatory support are sparse.MethodsPatients enrolled in the cVAD Registry who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and Impella 2.5 support for CS complicating an AMI were included. Differences between men and women were examined.ResultsIn total, 180 patients were analyzed. Women (n = 49, 27.2%) were older (71.0 ± 12.8 years vs 63.8 ± 13.0, P = 0.001), smaller (BSA 1.82 ± 0.22 vs 2.04 ± 0.24 m2, P < 0.001), and had a higher STS mortality risk score than men (27.9 ± 17.0 vs. 20.8 ± 16.8 P = 0.01). There was no difference in survival to discharge (P = 0.3). Patients receiving the Impella 2.5 pre‐PCI had significantly lower inpatient mortality than those who received support post‐PCI (P = 0.003). However, the magnitude of the survival benefit was significantly greater in women who received the Impella pre‐PCI as compared to men. Overall, 68.8% of women survived with pre‐PCI Impella 2.5 versus 24.2% post‐PCI (P = 0.005) whereas 54.2% of men survived with pre‐PCI Impella 2.5 versus 40.3% post‐PCI (P = 0.1, p‐interaction = 0.07). No differences in timing to intervention were found between men and women.ConclusionsEarly initiation of hemodynamic support prior to PCI with Impella 2.5, in the setting of AMI complicated by CS, was associated with a greater survival benefit to hospital discharge in women compared to men, despite a higher predicted risk of mortality and a greater revascularization failure rate for women. (J Interven Cardiol 2016;29:248–256)
Personality disorders and obesity: a systematic review
Authors: Gerlach G. , Loeber S. , Herpertz S. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundStudies demonstrate an association between personality traits and obesity as well as their prognostic influence on weight course. In contrast, only few studies have investigated the association between personality disorders (PDs) and obesity.ObjectiveThe present review summarizes through a comprehensive and critical evaluation the results of 68 studies identified by database research (PubMed and PsycINFO) covering the last 35 years that investigated the association between PDs, overweight and obesity as well as the predictive value of PDs for the development of obesity and the effectiveness of weight reduction treatments.ResultsAdults with any PD have a higher risk of obesity. In the female general population, there is an association between avoidant or antisocial PD and severe obesity. Further, women with paranoid or schizotypal PD have a higher risk of obesity. Clinical studies including foremost female participants showed a higher comorbidity of PDs, especially borderline PD and avoidant PD, in binge‐eating disorder. Regarding both genders, patients with PD show less treatment success in conservative weight‐loss treatment programmes for obesity than patients without PD.ConclusionsIn prevention and conservative weight‐loss treatment strategies, more care should be taken to address the special needs of patients with comorbid PDs.
Predictors, Morbidity, and Costs Associated with Pneumothorax during Electronic Cardiac Device Implantation
Authors: KOTTER JOHN , LOLAY GEORGES , CHARNIGO RICHARD , LEUNG STEVE , MCKIBBIN CHRISTOPHER , SOUSA MATTHEW , JIMENEZ LUIS , GURLEY JOHN , BIASE LUIGI DI , NATALE ANDREA , SMYTH SUSAN , DARRAT YOUSEF , MORALES GUSTAVO , ELAYI CLAUDE S. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundPneumothorax (PTX) is a major cause of morbidity associated with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). We sought to evaluate predictors of PTX at our centers during CIED implantations, including the venous access technique utilized, as well as to determine morbidity and costs associated with PTX.MethodsWe reviewed records of all patients undergoing cardiac device implant or revision with new venous access at our institutions between 2008 and 2014. Common demographic and procedure characteristics were collected including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, and method of venous access (axillary vein vs classic proximal subclavian vein technique).ResultsWe identified 1,264 patients who met criteria for our analysis, with a total of 21 PTX cases during CIED implantation. The strongest predictor for PTX was the venous access strategy: 0 of 385 (0%) patients with axillary vein approach versus 21 of 879 (2.4%) with traditional subclavian vein approach, P = 0.0006. Additional predictors of PTX included advanced age, female sex, low BMI, and a new device implant (vs device upgrade). The occurrence of PTX was associated with increased length of stay: 3.0 days (median; interquartile range [IQR] 3) versus 1.0 day (median; IQR: 1), P = 0.0001, with a cost increase of 361.4%.ConclusionAn axillary vein vascular access strategy was associated with greatly reduced risk of iatrogenic PTX versus the traditional subclavian approach for CIED placement. Similarly, device upgrade with patent vascular access carried less risk of PTX compared to new device implantation. PTX occurrence significantly prolonged hospitalization and increased costs.
Modern health worries – the dark side of spirituality?
Authors: Köteles Ferenc , Simor Péter , Czető Márton , Sárog Noémi , Szemerszky Renáta 
Published: May 2016

Modern health worries (MHWs) are widespread in modern societies. MHWs were connected to both negative and positive psychological characteristics in previous studies. The study aimed to investigate the relationships among intuitive‐experiential information processing style, spirituality, MHWs, and psychological well‐being. Members of the Hungarian Skeptic Society (N = 128), individuals committed to astrology (N = 601), and people from a non‐representative community sample (N = 554) completed questionnaires assessing intuitive‐experiential information processing style, spirituality, modern health worries (MHWs), and psychological well‐being. Astrologers showed higher levels of spirituality, intuitive‐experiential thinking, and modern health worries than individuals from the community sample; and skeptics scored even lower than the latter group with respect to all three constructs. Within the community sample, medium level connections between measures of spirituality and the experiential thinking style, and weak to medium level correlations between spirituality and MHWs were found. The connection between MHWs and experiential thinking style was completely mediated by spirituality. Individuals with higher levels of spirituality are particularly vulnerable to overgeneralized messages on health related risks. Official communication of potential risks based on rational scientific reasoning is not appropriate to persuade them as it has no impact on the intuitive‐experiential system.
Physiological strain to prolonged exercise bouts at the walk–run transition speeds depends on locomotion mode in healthy untrained men
Authors: Monteiro W. D. , Cunha F. A. , Ivo E. X. , Freire R. A. , Silva B. S. , Farinatti P. 
Published: May 2016

This study compared the physiological strain induced by prolonged walking and running performed at the walk–run transition speed (WRTS) in healthy untrained men. Twenty volunteers (age: 28 ± 5.01 years; height: 174.0 ± 0.3 cm; body mass: 74.5 ± 0.6 kg) underwent the following: (a) ramp‐incremental maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET); (b) specific protocol to detect the WRTS; and (c) two 30‐min walking and running bouts at WRTS (mean ± SD: 6.9 ± 0.06 km/h). Expired gases were collected during exercise bouts via the metabolic cart. A significant effect of locomotion mode (F = 4.8, P < 0.001) was observed with running resulting in higher cardiorespiratory responses than walking at the WRTS (oxygen uptake: mean difference = 0.26 L/min; pulmonary ventilation: mean difference = 5.53 L/min; carbon dioxide output: mean difference = 0.32 L/min; heart rate: mean difference = 13 beats/min; total energy expenditure: mean difference = 59 kcal). The rating of perceived exertion was similar across locomotion modes (mean difference = 0.3; P = 0.490). In conclusion, running promoted greater cardiorespiratory responses than walking at the WRTS in untrained healthy men. These data might have practical impact on aerobic training performed at intensities corresponding to WRTS.
Bullying Involvement and Empathy: Child and Target Characteristics
Authors: van Noorden Tirza H. J. , Cillessen Antonius H. N. , Haselager Gerbert J. T. , Lansu Tessa A. M. , Bukowski William M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study investigated how the bullying involvement of a child and a target peer are related to empathy. The role of gender was also considered. We hypothesized that empathy primarily varies depending on the bullying role of the target peer. Participants were 264 7–12‐year‐old children (Mage = 10.02, SD = 1.00; 50% girls) from 33 classrooms who had been selected based on their bullying involvement (bully, victim, bully/victim, noninvolved) in the classroom. Participants completed a cognitive and affective empathy measure for each selected target classmate. We found no differences in cognitive and affective empathy for all targets combined based on children's own bullying involvement. However, when incorporating the targets’ bullying involvement, bullies, victims, and bully/victims showed less empathy for each other than for noninvolved peers. Noninvolved children did not differentiate between bullies, victims and bully/victims. Girls reported more cognitive and affective empathy for girls than boys, whereas boys did not differentiate between girls and boys. The results indicated that children's empathy for peers depends primarily on the characteristics of the peer, such as the peer's bullying role and gender.
Nucleotide polymorphism affecting FLC expression underpins heading date variation in horticultural brassicas
Authors: Irwin Judith A. , Soumpourou Eleni , Lister Clare , Ligthart Jan‐Dick , Kennedy Sue , Dean Caroline 
Published: May 2016

SummaryVariation in flowering time and response to overwintering has been exploited to breed brassica vegetables that can be harvested year‐round. Our knowledge of flowering time control now enables the investigation of the molecular basis of this important variation. Here, we show that a major determinant of heading date variation in Brassica oleracea is from variation in vernalization response through allelic variation at FLOWERING LOCUS C.C2 (BoFLC4). We characterize two alleles of BoFLC.C2 that are both functional and confer a requirement for vernalization, but they show distinct expression dynamics in response to cold. Complementation experiments in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that the allelic variation results from cis polymorphism at BoFLC.C2, which quantitatively influences the degree of cold‐induced epigenetic silencing. This results in one allelic variant conferring consistently later heading under both glasshouse and field conditions through reduced environmental sensitivity. Our results suggest that breeding of brassica varieties for commercially valuable variation in heading date has been achieved through the selection of cis polymorphism at FLC, similar to that underpinning natural variation in A. thaliana. This understanding will allow for the selection of alleles with distinct sensitivities to cold and robust heading dates under variable climatic conditions, and will facilitate the breeding of varieties more resistant to climate change.
Crystal structure of norcoclaurine‐6‐O‐methyltransferase, a key rate‐limiting step in the synthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids
Authors: Robin Adeline Y. , Giustini Cécile , Graindorge Matthieu , Matringe Michel , Dumas Renaud 
Published: May 2016

SummaryGrowing pharmaceutical interest in benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIA) coupled with their chemical complexity make metabolic engineering of microbes to create alternative platforms of production an increasingly attractive proposition. However, precise knowledge of rate‐limiting enzymes and negative feedback inhibition by end‐products of BIA metabolism is of paramount importance for this emerging field of synthetic biology. In this work we report the structural characterization of (S)‐norcoclaurine‐6‐O‐methyltransferase (6OMT), a key rate‐limiting step enzyme involved in the synthesis of reticuline, the final intermediate to be shared between the different end‐products of BIA metabolism, such as morphine, papaverine, berberine and sanguinarine. Four different crystal structures of the enzyme from Thalictrum flavum (Tf 6OMT) were solved: the apoenzyme, the complex with S‐adenosyl‐l‐homocysteine (SAH), the complexe with SAH and the substrate and the complex with SAH and a feedback inhibitor, sanguinarine. The Tf 6OMT structural study provides a molecular understanding of its substrate specificity, active site structure and reaction mechanism. This study also clarifies the inhibition of Tf 6OMT by previously suggested feedback inhibitors. It reveals its high and time‐dependent sensitivity toward sanguinarine.
Detection of erythroblast antibodies in mitogen‐stimulated bone marrow cultures from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Zaninoni Anna , Imperiali Francesca G. , Cattaneo Alessandra , Soverini Giulia , Binda Francesca , Porretti Laura , Cortelezzi Agostino , Barcellini Wilma 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDLow‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) show several immunologic abnormalities, including increased frequency of autoimmune manifestations and/or overt autoimmune diseases, whose prognostic significance still remains controversial.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe studied the presence of erythroblast antibodies in mitogen‐stimulated bone marrow (BM) cultures of 70 patients with early‐stage MDS (refractory anemia and refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts).RESULTSSixty‐six percent of patients showed positive erythroblast antibodies, along with BM erythroid hyperplasia and a hemolytic picture in the peripheral blood. Supernatants from positive cultures induced an increase of overall cellularity, the appearance of erythroblastic clustering, and dyserythropoietic signs in normal BM. We identified CD45dimGly‐AdimCD71bright cells (red blood cell precursors at different maturation stage) as the target of the antibodies. Erythropoietin (EPO) levels were reduced and EPO receptors (EPO‐R) increased in BM culture supernatants from positive patients. However, flow cytometric analysis showed that neither EPO nor EPO‐R was involved in an abnormal stimulation driven by these autoantibodies. Values of the proapoptotic protein Bax were increased in positive patients and Bcl‐2 levels were decreased, although not significantly.CONCLUSIONMDS patients with anti‐erythroblast autoimmunity showed increased BM apoptosis, suggesting that the autoimmune reaction may contribute to an unfavorable BM microenvironment for optimal erythropoiesis.
Complete Coding Sequences of Six Toscana Virus Strains Isolated from Human Patients in France
Authors: Baklouti Amal , Leparc-Goffart Isabelle , Piorkowski Geraldine , Coutard Bruno , Papageorgiou Nicolas , De Lamballerie Xavier , Charrel Rémi N. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Toscana virus (TOSV) is an arthropod-borne phlebovirus belonging to the
Sandfly fever Naples virus
species (genus
Phlebovirus
, family
Bunyaviridae
). Here, we report the complete coding sequences of six TOSV strains isolated from human patients having acquired the infection in southeastern France during a 12-year period.
Increasing compliance with low tidal volume ventilation in the ICU with two nudge-based interventions: evaluation through intervention time-series analyses
Authors: Bourdeaux Christopher P , Thomas Matthew JC , Gould Timothy H , Malhotra Gaurav , Jarvstad Andreas , Jones Timothy , Gilchrist Iain D 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesLow tidal volume (TVe) ventilation improves outcomes for ventilated patients, and the majority of clinicians state they implement it. Unfortunately, most patients never receive low TVes. ‘Nudges’ influence decision-making with subtle cognitive mechanisms and are effective in many contexts. There have been few studies examining their impact on clinical decision-making. We investigated the impact of 2 interventions designed using principles from behavioural science on the deployment of low TVe ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU).SettingUniversity Hospitals Bristol, a tertiary, mixed medical and surgical ICU with 20 beds, admitting over 1300 patients per year.ParticipantsData were collected from 2144 consecutive patients receiving controlled mechanical ventilation for more than 1 hour between October 2010 and September 2014. Patients on controlled mechanical ventilation for more than 20 hours were included in the final analysis.Interventions(1) Default ventilator settings were adjusted to comply with low TVe targets from the initiation of ventilation unless actively changed by a clinician. (2) A large dashboard was deployed displaying TVes in the format mL/kg ideal body weight (IBW) with alerts when TVes were excessive.Primary outcome measureTVe in mL/kg IBW.FindingsTVe was significantly lower in the defaults group. In the dashboard intervention, TVe fell more quickly and by a greater amount after a TVe of 8 mL/kg IBW was breached when compared with controls. This effect improved in each subsequent year for 3 years.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated that adjustment of default ventilator settings and a dashboard with alerts for excessive TVe can significantly influence clinical decision-making. This offers a promising strategy to improve compliance with low TVe ventilation, and suggests that using insights from behavioural science has potential to improve the translation of evidence into practice.