bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Stochastic Model to Assess the Effect of Meat Inspection Practices on the Contamination of the Pig Carcasses
Authors: de Freitas Costa Eduardo , Corbellini Luis Gustavo , da Silva Ana Paula Serafini Poeta , Nauta Maarten 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe objective of meat inspection is to promote animal and public health by preventing, detecting, and controlling hazards originating from animals. With the improvements of sanitary level in pig herds, the hazards profile has shifted and the inspection procedures no longer target major foodborne pathogens (i.e., not risk based). Additionally, carcass manipulations performed when searching for macroscopic lesions can lead to cross‐contamination. We therefore developed a stochastic model to quantitatively describe cross‐contamination when consecutive carcasses are submitted to classic inspection procedures. The microbial hazard used to illustrate the model was Salmonella, the data set was obtained from Brazilian slaughterhouses, and some simplifying assumptions were made. The model predicted that due to cross‐contamination during inspection, the prevalence of contaminated carcass surfaces increased from 1.2% to 95.7%, whereas the mean contamination on contaminated surfaces decreased from 1 logCFU/cm² to −0.87 logCFU/cm², and the standard deviations decreased from 0.65 to 0.19. These results are explained by the fact that, due to carcass manipulations with hands, knives, and hooks, including the cutting of contaminated lymph nodes, Salmonella is transferred to previously uncontaminated carcasses, but in small quantities. These small quantities can easily go undetected during sampling. Sensitivity analyses gave insight into the model performance and showed that the touching and cutting of lymph nodes during inspection can be an important source of carcass contamination. The model can serve as a tool to support discussions on the modernization of pig carcass inspection.
How Does the Minimum Wage Affect Firm Investments in Fixed and Human Capital? Evidence from China
Authors: Haepp Tobias , Lin Carl 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper empirically analyzes the impact of Chinese minimum wage regulations on the firm decision to invest in physical and human capital. We exploit the geographical and inter‐temporal variations of county‐level minimum wages in a panel data set of all state‐owned and all above‐scale non‐state‐owned Chinese firms covering the introduction of the new Chinese minimum wage regulations in 2004. In our basic regressions including all Chinese firms, we find significant negative effects of the minimum wage on human capital investment rates and no overall effects on fixed capital investment rates. When grouping firms by their ownership structure, we find that these results hold for most firms. Foreign‐owned firms are an exception to some extent, because the likelihood that they invest in human capital has not decreased in response to the policy.
The control of flowering time by environmental factors
Authors: Cho Lae‐Hyeon , Yoon Jinmi , An Gynheung 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe timing of flowering is determined by endogenous genetic components as well as various environmental factors, such as day length, temperature, and stress. The genetic elements and molecular mechanisms that rule this process have been examined in the long‐day‐flowering plantArabidopsis thalianaand short‐day‐flowering rice (Oryza sativa). However, reviews of research on the role of those factors are limited. Here, we focused on how flowering time is influenced by nutrients, ambient temperature, drought, salinity, exogenously applied hormones and chemicals, and pathogenic microbes. In response to such stresses or stimuli, plants either begin flowering to produce seeds for the next generation or else delay flowering by slowing their metabolism. These responses vary depending upon the dose of the stimulus, the plant developmental stage, or even the cultivar that is used. Our review provides insight into how crops might be managed to increase productivity under various environmental challenges.
Fault systems of the eastern Indonesian triple junction: evaluation of Quaternary activity and implications for seismic hazards
Authors: Watkinson Ian M. , Hall Robert 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Eastern Indonesia is the site of intense deformation related to convergence between Australia, Eurasia, the Pacific and the Philippine Sea Plate. Our analysis of the tectonic geomorphology, drainage patterns, exhumed faults and historical seismicity in this region has highlighted faults that have been active during the Quaternary (Pleistocene to present day), even if instrumental records suggest that some are presently inactive. Of the 27 largely onshore fault systems studied, 11 showed evidence of a maximal tectonic rate and a further five showed evidence of rapid tectonic activity. Three faults indicating a slow to minimal tectonic rate nonetheless showed indications of Quaternary activity and may simply have long interseismic periods. Although most studied fault systems are highly segmented, many are linked by narrow (<3 km) step-overs to form one or more long, quasi-continuous segment capable of producing M>7.5 earthquakes. Sinistral shear across the soft-linked Yapen and Tarera–Aiduna faults and their continuation into the transpressive Seram fold–thrust belt represents perhaps the most active belt of deformation and hence the greatest seismic hazard in the region. However, the Palu–Koro Fault, which is long, straight and capable of generating super-shear ruptures, is considered to represent the greatest seismic risk of all the faults evaluated in this region in view of important strike-slip strands that appear to traverse the thick Quaternary basin-fill below Palu city.
‘Serpent stones’: myth and medical application
Authors: Pymm Rachael 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
‘Serpent stones’ have been credited with medical efficacy since antiquity. Likely having their root in ancient traditions from India, accounts are now widespread across much of the world. Serpent stones are known by many names and descriptions of their appearance and medical uses are diverse; however, they commonly have a legendary association with serpents and are most frequently considered efficacious in the alexipharmic treatment of snakebite. This work presents and details five broad categories of serpent stone: a round white stone (thought to be extracted from the head of a dragon), a smooth lens-shaped black stone (purported to be taken from the head of a snake, but artificially manufactured of burnt bone or horn), ammonites (the fossilized shells of extinct cephalopods), glass or vitreous paste in the form of rings or beads, and serpentinite.
“Why Should I Question a Patient’s Wish?”A Comparative Study on Physicians’ Perspectives on Their Duties to Respect Advance Directives
Authors: Horn Ruth 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This article explores factors that impede the implementation of advance directives to refuse treatment (ads) in three European countries: England, Germany and France. Taking into account socio-cultural and legal aspects, the article shows the extent, to which the law can, and does, influence physicians’ decisions to implement ads. The findings presented are based on qualitative interviews exploring physicians’ sense of duty to respect ads and the reasons given for failing to implement the law. It will be argued that this depends on: 1) how strictly the legal status of ads is defined, and 2) whether the law actually addresses the reasons why physicians may hesitate to implement ads (e.g. uncertainty about validity, importance of patient preferences). The article emphasises the importance of doctor-patient communication and shows how the implementation of ads could be improved by making discussions about treatment preferences a legal requirement.
Diabetes self-management education after pre-selection of patients: design of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Vos Rimke C. , Eikelenboom Nathalie W. D. , Klomp Maarten , Stellato Rebecca K. , Rutten Guy E. H. M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundMany self-management programs have been developed so far. Their effectiveness varies. The program ‘Beyond Good Intentions’ (BGI) is based on proactive coping and has proven to be (cost-) effective in achieving reductions in BMI and blood pressure in screen-detected type 2 diabetes patients up until nine months follow-up. However, its long-term effectiveness in people already known with diabetes is lacking. In addition, its (cost-) effectiveness might increase if people who are likely not to be benefit from the program are excluded in a valid way. Therefore it was aimed to investigate the long-term effects of the educational program BGI on cardiovascular risk, quality of life and diabetes self-management behaviour in a pre-selected group of patients known with type 2 diabetes up to 5 years.MethodsRandomised controlled trial with 2.5 year follow-up. Adults (≤75 years) with a type 2 diabetes duration between 3 months and 5 years will be included. With the use of a self-management screening tool (SeMaS) their potential barriers of self-management due to depression and/or anxiety will be determined. Based on the results of the SeMaS selection patients will be randomised (1:1) to the BGI-group (n = 53) or the control-group (n = 53). In addition to receiving usual care, patients in the BGI-group will follow the 12-week theory-based self-management program and a booster session a few months thereafter. The control-group will receive care as usual. The primary outcome is change in Body Mass Index after 2.5 years follow-up. Secondary outcomes are HbA1c, lipid profile and systolic blood pressure, (diabetes) quality of life, level of physical activity, dietary intake and medication adherence and proactive coping. Cost-effectiveness will be based on total use of health care resources during the entire study period. Difference between groups in change over time will be analysed according to intention-to-treat analysis.ConclusionsBy differentiating between patients who will and those who are likely not to benefit from the educational program, a more (cost-) effective self-management program might be designed, also on the long-run.Trial registrationNTR 5330
Complete genome sequence of the actinomycete Actinoalloteichus hymeniacidonis type strain HPA 177T isolated from a marine sponge
Authors: Schaffert Lena , Albersmeier Andreas , Winkler Anika , Kalinowski Jörn , Zotchev Sergey B. , Rückert Christian 
Published: December 2016

AbstractActinoalloteichus hymeniacidonis HPA 177T is a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, black pigment producing and spore-forming actinomycete, which forms branching vegetative hyphae and was isolated from the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis.Actinomycete bacteria are prolific producers of secondary metabolites, some of which have been developed into anti-microbial, anti-tumor and immunosuppressive drugs currently used in human therapy. Considering this and the growing interest in natural products as sources of new drugs, actinomycete bacteria from the hitherto poorly explored marine environments may represent promising sources for drug discovery.As A. hymeniacidonis, isolated from the marine sponge, is a type strain of the recently described and rare genus Actinoalloteichus, knowledge of the complete genome sequence enables genome analyses to identify genetic loci for novel bioactive compounds. This project, describing the 6.31 Mbp long chromosome, with its 5346 protein-coding and 73 RNA genes, will aid the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project.
A MAPK cascade couples maternal mRNA translation and degradation to meiotic cell cycle progression in mouse oocytes
Authors: Sha Qian-Qian , Dai Xing-Xing , Dang Yujiao , Tang Fuchou , Liu Junping , Zhang Yin-Li , Fan Heng-Yu 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Mammalian oocyte maturation depends on the translational activation of stored maternal mRNAs upon meiotic resumption. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1) is a key oocyte factor that regulates maternal mRNA translation. However, the signal that triggers CPEB1 activation at the onset of mammalian oocyte maturation is not known. We provide evidence that a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade couples maternal mRNA translation to meiotic cell cycle progression in mouse oocytes by triggering CPEB1 phosphorylation and degradation. Mutations of the phosphorylation sites or ubiquitin E3 ligase binding sites in CPEB1 have a dominant-negative effect in oocytes, and mimic the phenotype of ERK1/2 knockout, by impairing spindle assembly and mRNA translation. Overexpression of the CPEB1 downstream translation activator DAZL in ERK1/2-deficient oocytes partially rescued the meiotic defects, indicating that ERK1/2 is essential for spindle assembly, metaphase II arrest and maternal-zygotic transition (MZT) primarily by triggering the translation of key maternal mRNAs. Taken together, ERK1/2-mediated CPEB1 phosphorylation/degradation is a major mechanism of maternal mRNA translational activation, and is crucial for mouse oocyte maturation and MZT.
Entre o Hospital Geral e a Casa dos Expostos: assistência à infância e transformação dos espaços da Misericórdia carioca (Rio de Janeiro, 1870-1920)
Authors: Sanglard Gisele 
Published: December 2016

Este artigo busca analisar a assistência à infância oferecida pela Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro no período em que ainda não havia, no Brasil, instituições voltadas para a saúde da criança. A principal hipótese com a qual estarei trabalhando é de que a Casa dos Expostos passou a exercer, paulatinamente, funções distintas daquelas de que fora inicialmente incumbida. Nessa perspectiva, a linha de continuidade dar- -se-ia pela manutenção do nome, de sua vinculação à Misericórdia e ao simbolismo e ritualística da Irmandade. Para demonstrar essa hipótese estarei me baseando em um conjunto documental guardado na antiga Casa dos Expostos, composto de dois livros em que se registravam as crianças para lá encaminhadas a fim de serem aleitadas enquanto suas mães eram atendidas no Hospital Geral da Misericórdia. Essa documentação permite conhecermos o cotidiano da Irmandade na assistência à criança desamparada, categoria que começa a frequentar os corredores da Casados Expostos, a partir da década de 1870; bem como questões relativas aos quadros de saúde e doença destas crianças e, em alguns casos,de suas mães; raça e cultura material.
A TRIBUTAÇÃO DAS OPERAÇÕES COM CRÉDITO DE CARBONO
Authors: Cindy Kempfer Jéssica 
Published: December 2016

A degradação do ambiente e o aquecimento global desenfreado, causados principalmente pela emissão de gases poluentes, vêm proporcionando discussões a respeito de medidas de combate ao aumento de emissão de gases de efeito estufa. A ratificação do Protocolo de Kyoto, por 141 países, fixou metas de redução de emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa e estabeleceu a criação do chamado Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL), que serão projetos emissores de Reduções Certificadas de Emissões (RCEs), as quais podem ser transacionadas. O presente artigo trata da incidência tributária nos negócios jurídicos que envolvem as RCEs, abordando a natureza jurídica de tais certificados e apontando a tributação aplicável.
JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA NA CONTEMPORANIEDADE E NO PORVIR: O DIÁLOGO DEMOCRÁTICO, SENSÍVEL E HUMANO COM O DIREITO
Authors: Philippi Patrícia Pasqualini 
Published: December 2016

O objeto dessa pesquisa e que se revelou e materializou no artigo que segue, volta-se a um novo ideal de justiça, e consequentemente, do Direito. Um direito que por meio da Justiça Restaurativa e suas redes, propõe a solução dos conflitos de forma democrática, sensível e reparadora. No caminho aberto pela Justiça Restaurativa o diálogo e o consenso dão o tom da reparação do mal sofrido pela vítima, substituindo-se o atual Sistema Penal, fulcrado no Direito penal retributivo, pernicioso e penalizador, por uma Justiça Restaurativa moldada nos laços do que se espera de uma Sociedade civilizada e humana. A pretensão do presente artigo é explorar essa possibilidade e dar de um novo viés para o Direito, sobretudo, no âmbito do Sistema Penal, à base de uma Justiça de entendimento e aproximação entre vítima e acusado. Logo, não se esgota aqui o assunto. Muito pelo contrário. Apenas se propõe um novo e diferente olhar para o Direito e a solução dos conflitos penais. Para a composição deste artigo, foi utilizado o Método Indutivo tanto na fase de investigação quanto na apresentação do relato dos seus resultados e, conjuntamente, foram adotadas as Técnicas do Referente, da Categoria, do Conceito Operacional e da Pesquisa Bibliográfica.
Gender Portrayal in Jewish Children's Literature
Authors: Cole Ellen 
Published: December 2016

Current concerns with equality and equity focus the spotlight on gender, especially in a patriarchal religion and its observances, customs, and literature. When boys and girls read Jewish books they receive an image through word and picture of Jewish girls and women. This image can vary if the subject of the story is religious or cultural, if the time frame is past or present, if the locale is familiar or foreign, or if the plot conflict involves a male or another female. Gender can shift the fulcrum when the world seesaws between unfair and un equal.
Books contain implicit and explicit norms about 'what little girls are made of.' This article examines the picture of the Jewish female found on the pages of various types of children's books including biblical, religious, historical, and secular experiences at reading levels from primary through young adult (Kindergarten-High School).
Legend in Jewish Children's Literature
Authors: Frankel Ellen 
Published: December 2016

Until recent times, Jewish children's legends did not exist as a separate literature. Children learned stories either from classical Jewish sources, family members, or traveling story tellers.
Recent interest in and publication of Jewish children's stories represent both a boon and a danger. Contemporary versions of traditional tales blur the distinctions between fiction and folklore, challenging the inherent conservatism of the folk process.
What makes a particular story Jewish? Jewish tales attempt to find meaning and divine purpose in national and personal events. They also resonate with old voices—"proof-texts" from the Bible and rabbinic writings—as well as new voices continuing ancient conversations and debates. The tales are often driven by the process of midrash, amplifying and interpreting older narratives.
The subject matter of Jewish legends has changed in the wake of national exile and persecution. Post-exilic tales reflect the "double-edged" experience of Jewish life the triumph of Jewish wit and the shame of Jewish powerlessness. Today's tales continue this tradition but add to the folkloric process the new element of individual authorship.
Using generalizability theory to investigate the reliability of peer assessment
Authors: Taşdelen Teker Gülşen , Şahin Melek Gülşah , Baytemir Kemal 
Published: December 2016

In this study, the effectiveness of peer assessment, which has an important role in measurement and evaluation, was attempted to be defined. For this purpose, performance task, which is one of the alternative assessment techniques, was evaluated with the help of a scoring rubric prepared by the researchers. As a basic research, the working group was 41 sophomore students and their instructor. Three of 41 students were acted as rater and they rated their 38 peers’ performances with the instructor. The analysis of the data was carried out by using fully crossed two-facet design (sxtxr) of generalizability theory in three steps: G-studies for peer and peers-instructor ratings and D-study for peer ratings. According to the results of the G studies, the reliability coefficient obtained from the peer ratings and peer-instructor ratings were quite high (0.86 and 0.82 respectively). According to the result of the D study of peer ratings, just two peer raters are enough for getting high reliability coefficient. With the help of the gained results, it is suggested that peer assessment, which is effective on learning and decision making processes of students, should be used more often in education systems.
Analyzing land cover change using remote sensing and gis methods in the Carsamba Plain and its surroundings (1985-2013)<p>Çarşamba Ovası ve yakın çevresinde arazi örtüsü değişiminin uzaktan algılama ve coğrafi bilgi sistemleriyle analizi (1985-2013)
Authors: Atalay Dutucu Ayse , İkiel Cercis 
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study is to analyze the change of land cover of Çarşamba Plain and its surroundings by remote sensing and geographic information systems. For this purpose, Landsat 5 TM image at a resolution of 30 km for the year 1985, and the RapidEye satellite image at 6.5 m. resolution,for the year 2013 is used. These images were analyzed by geographic information systems via on-screen digitization method. According to the results obtained, significant changes in the land cover of the survey area between 1985-2013 have been determined. These findings were compared with the Land Surveillance System, the National Land Cover Database, which was created by the T.C Forest and Water Affairs Ministry and similar results were obtained. It has ben determined that there ise a change in decreasing direction in the forest and pasture areas in the examined period. Also beach areas is getting smaller because of coastal eroision. However, settlement areas expanded due to population increase in the same period. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı Çarşamba Ovası ve yakın çevresinde arazi örtüsü değişimini uzaktan algılama ve coğrafi bilgi sistemleri kullanılarak analiz etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 1985 yılı için 30 km çözünürlüğünde Landsat 5 TM, 2013 yılı için 6.5 m. çözünürlüğünde RapidEye uydu görüntüsü kullanılmıştır. Bu görüntüler coğrafi bilgi sistemleri ile ekran üzerinden sayısallaştırma yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, 1985-2013 yılları arasında araştırma alanının arazi örtüsünde önemli değişiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular, T.C Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı tarafından oluşturulan Arazi İzleme Sistemi, Ulusal Arazi Örtüsü veri tabanı ile karşılaştırılmıştır.
Teor de prolina em brotações adventícias de mangabeira cultivadas in vitro sob condições de crescimento lento
Authors: Santos Micaela Da Costa , Cardoso Bruno Trindade , Gomes-Copeland Kicia Karinne Pereira , Silva Ana Veruska Cruz da , Junior Josue Francisco Da silva , Lédo Ana Silva 
Published: December 2016

A conservação de plantas ex situ com a aplicação de técnicas de cultura de tecidos de plantas se baseia na manutenção de coleções em laboratório por crescimento lento ou criopreservação. O sorbitol tem sido recomendado para indução de estresse hídrico com finalidade de induzir um crescimento lento em culturas de mangaba in vitro possibilitando a sua conservação. O objetivo do trabalho foi de quantificar a prolina em segmentos nodais e foliares de mangabeira submetidas a diferentes condições de estresse osmótico para fins de conservação por crescimento lento. Microestacas contendo dois segmentos nodais e quatro folhas foram inoculados em tubos de ensaio (35 mm x 127 mm) com tampa plástica contendo 25 mL de meio de cultura de MS suplementado com 1 mg.L-1 de ácido indol acético (AIA), 1 mg.L-1 de benzilaminopurina (BAP), 30 g.L-1 de sacarose e gelificado com 3 g.L-1 de Phytagel®. Foram avaliadas diferentes concentrações de sorbitol (0;10; 20 e 40 g.L-1). Aos 30 dias após a inoculação foi realizada a quantificação da prolina em µmol.g-1 de massa fresca de folha e segmento caulinar. O maior acúmulo de prolina foi detectado em segmentos caulinares (6,37 µmol de prolina.g-1 massa fresca) em comparação com amostras foliares (2,60 µmol de prolina.g-1 massa fresca). Não houve efeito significativo do sorbitol e sua interação com tipo de amostras para o teor de prolina. A presença de prolina mesmo na ausência do sorbitol, pode indicar um possível ajustamento osmótico natural.