bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurobehavioral Characteristics of Older Veterans With Remote Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Peltz Carrie B. , Gardner Raquel C. , Kenney Kimbra , Diaz-Arrastia Ramon , Kramer Joel H. , Yaffe Kristine 
Published: June 2016

Objective:
While traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common across the life span, the detailed neurobehavioral characteristics of older adults with prior TBI remain unclear. Our goal was to compare the clinical profile of older independently living veterans with and without prior TBI.

Setting:
Two veterans' retirement communities.

Participants:
Seventy-five participants with TBI and 71 without (mean age = 78 years).

Design:
Cross-sectional.

Main Measures:
TBI history was determined by the Ohio State University TBI Questionnaire. We assessed psychiatric and medical history via interviews and chart review and conducted measures assessing functional/lifestyle, psychiatric, and cognitive outcomes. Regression analyses (adjusted for demographics, diabetes, prior depression, substance abuse, and site) were performed to compare between TBI and non-TBI participants.

Results:
Compared with veterans without TBI, those with TBI had greater functional impairment (adjusted P = .05), endorsed more current depressive (adjusted P = .04) and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (adjusted P = .01), and had higher rates of prior depression and substance abuse (both adjusted Ps < .01). While composite memory and language scores did not differ between groups, participants with TBI performed worse on tests of executive functioning/processing speed (adjusted P = .01).

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that TBI may have adverse long-term neurobehavioral consequences and that TBI-exposed adults may require careful screening and follow-up.
Electrical high-frequency stimulation of the human thoracolumbar fascia evokes long-term potentiation-like pain amplification
Authors: Schilder Andreas , Magerl Walter , Hoheisel Ulrich , Klein Thomas , Treede Rolf-Detlef 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Nociceptive long-term potentiation, a use dependent increase in synaptic efficacy in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord is thought to contribute to the development of persistent pain states. So far, no study has analyzed the effects of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of afferents from deep tissues (muscle and fascia) on pain perception in the back in humans. In 16 healthy volunteers, the multifidus muscle and the overlying thoracolumbar fascia were stimulated with electrical high-frequency pulses (5 × 100 pulses at 100 Hz) through bipolar concentric needle electrodes placed at lumbar level (L3/L4). Electrical pain thresholds were lower (P < 0.001) and pain ratings were higher for fascia compared with muscle stimulation (P < 0.05). For both tissues, pain ratings increased significantly across the five 100 Hz trains (from 15 to 22 numerical rating scale for fascia, from 8 to 12 numerical rating scale for muscle; both P < 0.01). Fascia HFS increased fascia pain ratings 2.17 times compared with the unconditioned control site (P < 0.001), but had no significant effect on pain sensitivity of the muscle. The HFS in muscle had no significant effect on muscle pain, but decreased pain sensitivity of the overlying fascia by 20% (P < 0.05). In additional experiments using the same electrodes and followed over >60 minutes post-HFS, potentiation by fascia HFS was similar to that of skin HFS. These findings show that the spinal input from the fascia can induce long-term changes in pain sensitivity for at least 60 minutes making it a candidate potentially contributing to nonspecific low back pain.
Recent trends in the treatment of benign odontogenic tumors
Authors: Covello Paul , Buchbinder Daniel 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
The management of benign, locally aggressive odontogenic tumors, namely, keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KOTs) and ameloblastomas, can be challenging. The purpose of this article is to briefly summarize important features of these lesions and review recent trends in the literature regarding their treatment.

Recent findings
Currently, KOTs are frequently treated with a conservative approach consisting of enucleation and adjuvant decompression or local microablation with peripheral ostectomies, Carnoy's solution, or cryotherapy. Conversely, ameloblastomas generally require marginal or segmental resection followed by reconstruction using local bone regeneration techniques or vascularized osteocutaneous free flaps, respectively. Bone regeneration techniques have improved with the use of autogenous progenitor cells held in place by autogenous or alloplastic scaffolding. Esthetic results for free flap reconstruction have improved with the use of inconspicuous surgical approaches utilizing intraoral or rhytidectomy incisions. Molecular markers for both neoplasms are being investigated as potential targets for chemotherapeutic agents.

Summary
Excluding hamartomas (i.e., odontomas), KOTs and ameloblastomas are the most common benign odontogenic lesions. Their management is often complicated by their locally infiltrative behavior, responsible for high rates of recurrence. Simple enucleation or excision of these lesions has proven insufficient. When left untreated, these lesions are capable of causing severe disfigurement and loss of function. Knowledge regarding current best practices and potential future therapeutics is imperative to well treated and effective disease management.
Celiac Disease and Wheat Intolerance Syndrome
Authors: Jericho Hilary , Assiri Asaad , Guandalini Stefano 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTSince the first description of celiac disease (CeD) by Samuel Gee in 1888 and the later “miraculous discovery” that bread was responsible for this condition following World War II in Europe, there has been an exponential growth of knowledge regarding CeD. Just when we thought that we knew everything there was to know about it, the disease is, however, offering new challenges, with its presentation having significantly morphed over the years from cases of overt gastrointestinal symptoms, malnutrition, and atrophic villi on duodenal biopsies to that of largely extraintestinal, subtle, or mild symptoms. Along with these changes, unexpectedly a new parallel entity appeared a few years ago and is gaining ground: the so‐called nonceliac gluten sensitivity, an improper name because it should actually be referred to as wheat intolerance syndrome given that the role of gluten in all such cases is far from demonstrated and the implication of an immune involvement suggested by the term “sensitivity” is still unfounded. Lastly, wheat can be an offender also through an immunoglobulin E‐mediated allergy, whose presence must also be evaluated and ruled out in selected cases.The practicing physician is therefore now challenged with the task of discerning which patients need to be assessed for one or the other of these disorders, and how.This review aims at providing an updated, critical reassessment of these 2 entities.
In Situ Replication Rates for Uncultivated Bacteria in Microbial Communities
Authors: Brown Christopher T. , Olm Matthew R. , Thomas Brian C. , Banfield Jillian F. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract:Culture-independent microbiome studies have revolutionized our understanding of the complexity and metabolic potential of microbial communities, but information about in situ growth rates has been lacking. Here, we show that bacterial replication rates can be determined using genome-resolved metagenomics without requirement for complete genome sequences. In human infants, we detected elevated microbial replication rates following administration of antibiotics, and bacterial growth rate anomalies prior to the onset of necrotizing enterocolitis. We studied microorganisms in subsurface communities and determined that a diverse group of groundwater-associated bacteria typically exhibit slow growth rates, despite significant changes in geochemical conditions. All microbiome studies will be advanced by measurements of replication rates that can identify actively growing populations, track organism responses to changing conditions, and provide growth rate information needed for modeling.
Reduced order modeling and analysis of the human complement system
Authors: Sagar Adithya , Dai Wei , Minot Mason , LeCover Rachel , Varner Jeffrey D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractComplement is an important pathway in innate immunity, inflammation, and many disease processes. However, despite its importance, there are few validated mathematical models of complement activation. In this study, we developed an ensemble of experimentally validated reduced order complement models. We combined ordinary differential equations with logical rules to produce a compact yet predictive model of complement activation. The model, which described the lectin and alternative pathways, was an order of magnitude smaller than comparable models in the literature. We estimated an ensemble of model parameters fromin vitrodynamic measurements of the C3a and C5a complement proteins. Subsequently, we validated the model on unseen C3a and C5a measurements not used for model training. Despite its small size, the model was surprisingly predictive. Global sensitivity and robustness analysis suggested complement was robust to any single therapeutic intervention. Only the simultaneous knockdown of both C3 and C5 consistently reduced C3a and C5a formation from all pathways. Taken together, we developed a validated mathematical model of complement activation that was computationally inexpensive, and could easily be incorporated into pre-existing or new pharmacokinetic models of immune system function. The model described experimental data, and predicted the need for multiple points of therapeutic intervention to fully disrupt complement activation.
Characterizing the epigenetic signatures of the human regulatory elements: A pilot study
Authors: Clement Sawyer L , Girgis Hani Z 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundChromatin modifications have provided promising clues on how cells that share the same copy of the genome can perform distinct functions. It is believed that enhancers and promoters are marked by a single chromatin mark each, H3K4me1 and H3K4me3, respectively. However, other studies have indicated that enhancers and promoters share multiple chromatin marks, including H3K4me1/2/3 and H3K27ac. Therefore, we asked whether the epigenetic signatures of these regulatory elements consist of a single mark or multiple marks. Repetitive regions, repeats, are usually ignored. However, we found, in public data, that repeats include about 25% of active enhancers. Thus, we asked how the epigenetic signatures of repetitive and non-repetitive enhancers differ. We studied the four marks in IRM90 (human lung fibroblast) and H1 (human embryonic stem cell).ResultsOur results show that enhancers and promoters are enriched significantly with the four marks, which form pyramidal signatures. However, the relative lengths of the marks are different. The promoter signature is directional; H3K4me2/3 and H3K27ac tend to be present downstream of the transcription start site; H3K4me1 tends to be present upstream. H1-specific enhancers have a similar signature to IRM90-specific enhancers; however, it is not the case for active promoters of the two cell types. Interestingly, inactive enhancers show a residual signature that resembles the signature of active enhancers. Finally, the epigenetic signature of enhancers found in repeats is identical to that of enhancers found in non-repetitive regions.ConclusionsIn this study, we characterized the epigenetic signatures of active and inactive enhancers (pyramidal) as well as active promoters (directional-pyramidal) in two cell types. These signatures consist of four chromatin marks that have been reported to be associated with enhancers and promoters. Interestingly, about one quarter of active enhancers are found in repeats. Active enhancers within repeats and those outside repeats have the same epigenetic signature. These results have great potential to change the way Molecular Biologists think of repeats, and to expand our understanding of gene regulation.
Geometrically nonlinear analysis of thick orthotropic plates with various geometries using simple HP-cloud method
Authors: Jafari Nasrin , Azhari Mojtaba 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a simple HP-cloud method as an accurate meshless method for the geometrically nonlinear analysis of thick orthotropic plates of general shape. This method is used to investigate the effects of thickness, geometry of various shapes, boundary conditions and material properties on the large deformation analysis of Mindlin plates.

Design/methodology/approach
– Nonlinear analysis of plates based on Mindlin theory is presented. The equations are derived by the Von-Karman assumption and total Lagrangian formulations. Newton-Raphson method is applied to achieve linear equations from nonlinear equations. Simple HP-cloud method is used for the construction of the shape functions based on Kronecker-δ properties, so the essential boundary conditions can be enforced directly. Shepard function is utilized for a partition of unity and complete polynomial is used as an enrichment function.

Findings
– The suitability and efficiency of the simple HP-cloud method for the geometrically nonlinear analysis of thin and moderately thick plates is studied for the first time. Large displacement analysis of various shapes of plates, rectangular, skew, trapezoidal, circular, hexagonal and triangular with different boundary conditions subjected to distributed loading are considered.

Originality/value
– This paper shows that the simple HP-cloud method is well suited for the large deformation analysis of Mindlin plates with various geometries, because it uses a set of a few arbitrary nodes placed in a plate of general shape. Moreover the convergence rate of the proposed method is high and the cost of solving equations is low.
My experience of laptop purchase
Authors: Mahapatra Sabita , Sharma Saumya 
Published: June 2016

Subject area
Marketing/Consumer behaviour.

Study level/applicability
The case can be used for the postgraduate students and executives in a first-year Marketing Management class for an introductory session on understanding consumer decision in a business-to-consumer context. The case can be also used in a second-year elective course on Consumer Behaviour for the topic on consumer decision-making journey and managing customer experience through service excellence. This case would be most befitting to be used for the first introductory session of 75 minutes to give an overview on consumer behaviour.

Case overview
The dismal failure of Natasha’s desktop while preparing an important presentation due for submission compels Natasha (the protagonist) to make up her mind to buy a laptop. After consulting her friends and relatives, followed with intense search from different retail stores, Natasha finally decides to buy a Sony laptop from a multi-brand retail outlet with a price discount and freebies. Finally, when Natasha settled down to work on her new laptop on her pending presentation, she confronts some problem. Unable to identify the problem, she contacted the store sales representative to resolve the problem. However, the representative’s ineffectiveness in addressing the problem and promptly delivering the service leaves Natasha in a state of uncertainty and confusion. She seemed to be in a fix and undecided, wondering whether she should immediately rush to the repair centre with her desktop to fix the problem for the time being or she should leave the laptop and wait till the problem gets resolved.

Expected learning outcomes
The case aims to provide interesting inputs on various phases of consumer decision-making journey and appropriate marketing strategy for each phase. The objective is to make students appreciate how poor after-sales service results in post-purchase dissonance and conflict in the consumer's mind. The case provides an opportunity for students to come up with possible solutions to resolve the post-purchase dissonance and conflict and share their views or ideas of how a seller can create a lasting impression in the mind of the buyer.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing
Strengthening community-level understanding of and responses to intimate partner violence using geographic information systems (GIS)
Authors: Murray Christine , Bunch Rick , Hunt Eleazer D. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– Recently, there has been increased attention to community- and neighborhood-level influences on rates and experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV). The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of geographic information systems (GIS) to geographically analyze these influences in order to enhance community-level understanding of and responses to IPV.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors review existing literature supporting the needs for this level of analysis, and then they present eight steps for researchers and practitioners to use when applying GIS to analyze IPV.

Findings
– This is a conceptual paper.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper offers researchers and practitioners suggested strategies for using GIS analyses to examine community-level influences on IPV in future research.

Practical implications
– The practical implications of using GIS analyses are discussed, including ways that the findings of these analyses can be used to enhance community-level resources to prevent and respond to IPV.

Social implications
– This innovative, interdisciplinary approach offers new insights into understanding and addressing IPV at a community level.

Originality/value
– To date, there has been minimal research used to apply GIS analyses to the problem of IPV in communities. This paper presents a framework for future researchers and practitioners to apply this methodology to expand on community-level understanding of IPV.
Punishing violent students: accounting for self-defense
Authors: Fleischmann Amos 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the disciplinary measures that teachers apply to student participants in violent altercations and how protestations of self-defense and a violent record affect the measures taken.

Design/methodology/approach
– Israeli teachers (326) were shown fictional vignettes that recounted violent conflicts between students and were asked whether and how they would punish them. The vignettes portrayed students in three roles: aggressor, confirmed self-defender, and unproven self-defender.

Findings
– Confirmed self-defenders are much more leniently disciplined than unproven self-defenders and aggressors. Unproven self-defenders are disciplined almost as severely as aggressors. A violent record results in much more severe punishment of unproven self-defenders and aggressors but has only a slight upward effect on the disciplining of confirmed self-defenders.

Social implications
– The study reveals a difficulty in complying with a zero-tolerance approach to school violence because it collides with the right to self-defense. The intensity of discipline applied to self-defenders appears to depend on their ability to “dig up” witnesses to prove their case. Therefore, socially isolated self-defenders may be punished severely whereas social accepted ones would not.

Originality/value
– The results may enhance the understanding of arbitrators’ decisions in conflicts that defy attempts to determine “who started it.” They break new ground by describing the disciplinary measures taken against different role-players in fracases and are immensely important for understanding peacemaking measures in school and the “real world.”
Human-directed aggression by pet dogs: a preliminary study
Authors: Birch Philip , Kennedy Peta 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– Human-directed aggression by pet dogs is of significant concern (Klausz et al., 2013), and while there is evidence to suggest that public awareness surrounding this social problem has occurred, the academic literature is limited (Martinez et al., 2011). The emerging research in this area has shown that the seriousness of a dog attack can lead to negative physiological, psychological and social consequences and in some circumstances, fatalities (De Munnynck and Van de Voorde, 2002). A small-scale preliminary study was conducted in New South Wales, Australia to enhance the knowledge of dog attacks towards humans, as well as contribute to the development of larger scale studies focusing on human-directed aggression by pet dogs. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Utilising a qualitative approach, this preliminary study examined the lived experience of victims who had been attacked by a dog. Eight semi-structured interviews with participants were conducted and a thematic approach was adopted as the analytical framework for data analysis.

Findings
– The findings offer a useful insight into the context, setting and effects of a pet dog attack on humans. This study contributes further evidence towards the need for larger scale studies in this area. The results offer evidence for further research into victims of dog attacks, as well as exploring the relationship between a dog owner and the aggression displayed by their dog.

Practical implications
– Evidence of the physical, emotional and psychological impact on victims of a dog attack is provided through this study and as such can be used to develop initiatives to support victims. The similarities between human-directed pet aggression and other forms of aggressive behaviour is highlighted, as such initiatives used to prevent and reduce other forms of aggressive behaviour could be applied to victims of dog attacks. This study also recognises that different breeds and size of dog are capable of human-directed aggression, therefore increasing knowledge and awareness of the potential risk to potential victims. Education programmes focusing on dog ownership are suggested in order to support owners in the care and treatment of their pets.

Originality/value
– This study contributes to a neglected area in the academic literature compared to other forms of aggression more heavily researched. Evidence for the development of prevention and reduction techniques for this type of aggressive behaviour emerges. Implications for further research are also revealed through this preliminary study.