bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine‐scale variation in the medium and large‐sized mammal assemblage composition in northeastern Amazon: Drivers of β‐diversity and species interactions
Authors: Brandão Fernanda Colares , Carvalho William Douglas , Duarte Herbert O. B. , Rosalino Luís Miguel , da Silva Cláudia Regina , Hilário Renato Richard 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderstanding fine‐scale assemblage composition patterns of mammals is important to increase ecological knowledge and support conservation actions. We investigated whether β‐diversity of medium and large‐sized mammals and its components (replacement and richness difference) are related to distance to major rivers, height above the nearest drainage (HAND), and vegetation height; and whether species interactions shape their spatiotemporal distribution. We used camera traps to monitor the mammal assemblage of the Tumucumaque Mountains National Park, Northeastern Amazon. The difference (Δ) in distance to major rivers and geographic distance between sites affected positively the total β‐diversity and both its components. ΔVegetation height affected total β‐diversity and species replacement, while ΔHAND affected richness differences, and to a lower extent, species replacement. We found evidence that spotted pacas (Cuniculus paca) and ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) adjust their spatiotemporal dynamics to escape from predation and to overlap with abundant prey, respectively. However, we did not find evidence that competition affects the spatiotemporal distribution of any other species. Vegetation height, distance to rivers and HAND influenced mammal assemblages probably through shaping the quality and amount of resources. Predation risk seems to be important in shaping the use of time and space by prey, while the distribution of prey is important for the use of time and space for predators. Furthermore, other niche differentiation mechanisms may explain why competition did not affect the species' spatiotemporal dynamics. We highlight the need to include different environmental contexts within protected areas to promote mammal diversity and conservation.
Racial and ethnic disparities in mental health among breast cancer patients and survivors in the United States
Authors: Osmani Ahmad Reshad , Moriya Asako , White‐Means Shelley 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo decompose the mental health disparities between breast cancer patients and survivors (hereafter survivors) of racial and ethnic minority groups and non‐Hispanic White survivors into the contributions of individual‐, interpersonal‐, community‐, and societal‐level determinants.Data Sources and Study SettingWe used data from the 2010–2020 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component (MEPS‐HC). Our primary outcome was whether the person had mental health conditions or not.Study DesignWe employed the Kitagawa–Oaxaca–Blinder (KOB) method to understand to what extent the differences in outcomes were explained by the differences in the determinants between non‐Hispanic Black or Hispanic breast cancer survivors and non‐Hispanic White survivors. We also bifurcated the Hispanic sample analysis by the US‐born status (and county of origin).Data Collection/Extraction MethodsConfidential geographic identifiers are utilized to supplement the MEPS‐HC data with information on community characteristics and local healthcare resources.Principal FindingsThe prevalence of mental health conditions among non‐Hispanic Black and Hispanic breast cancer survivors was 26.1% (95% CI: 20.4, 31.7) and 28.3% (95% CI: 21.9, 34.6), respectively. These rates were higher than those for their non‐Hispanic White counterparts, 19.7% (95% CI: 17.4, 21.9). In our KOB model, the disparity between non‐Hispanic Black and White survivors was fully explained by differences in education, health, and family structure, with community‐ and societal‐level determinants playing no significant role. Conversely, our KOB model did not explain any of the overall differences between Hispanic and non‐Hispanic White survivors. However, for foreign‐born Hispanic survivors, the disparity was fully explained by a combination of individual‐ and societal‐level determinants.ConclusionsOur findings, which identify specific individual‐, interpersonal‐, and societal‐ determinants that were associated with racial and ethnic differences in mental health, can be used by clinicians and policymakers to proactively address racial and ethnic disparities in health.
Preparing for pandemics needs a dose of public health and a booster of “complex thought” (Errare humanum est, perseverare diabolicum)
Authors: Paul Elisabeth , Brown Garrett W. , Bell David , Ridde Valéry , Sturmberg Joachim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has triggered unprecedented governmental responses worldwide, revealing weaknesses in health systems and public health policies due to lack of “complex thought” required to manage complex adaptive systems. Understanding COVID‐19 response strategies' multiple effects is particularly important now that pandemic preparedness and response (PPR) is on top of the global health political agenda. Here, we adopt a complex adaptive systems approach to critically analyze the literature and draw lessons from the COVID‐19 response to inform future PPR strategies. We observe that in many contexts, strategies implemented in response to COVID‐19 were poorly effective, inefficient, and inequitable. We explain the limitations of these prevailing measures and propose approaches and strategies to manage pandemics arising from a “systems thinking” perspective. PPR demands the adoption of an evolving, evidenced‐informed, and context‐specific strategy based on comprehensive approaches reflecting the complexities of health crises. This means moving away from single‐focused health security paradigms to consider the full range of health problems facing populations and adopting a package of interventions chosen via participatory and deliberative processes that are context‐specific and sensitive, as well as evidence‐driven, to ensure a fair balance between various pillars of pandemic responses: health promotion, non‐pharmaceutical interventions, prophylaxis, vaccines, and treatments.
Governance of artificial intelligence in Southeast Asia
Authors: Keith Andrew J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGovernance of artificial intelligence (AI) has not achieved global participation. The primary state‐led instrument focusing specifically on the global governance of artificial intelligence is the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI). Although GPAI aims for broad international participation, the only GPAI member from Southeast Asia is Singapore. GPAI's imbalanced global participation, restrictive membership process, and limited translations are potential barriers to Southeast Asian participation. However, a comparative policy analysis suggests that GPAI members and nonmembers in Southeast Asia have AI governance policies which are largely compatible, despite key differences. This study uses quantitative topic‐modeling and qualitative content analysis to compare the AI governance policies of Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam with the policies of Australia and Singapore, as reference GPAI members. The policies of GPAI, Australia, and Singapore emphasise the function of ethics while the policies of Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam emphasise the function of human capital development. State‐led, global AI governance efforts could attract more Southeast Asian participation by further emphasising human capital development and deemphasising the function of ethics. GPAI could increase the likelihood of Southeast Asian participation by decreasing its emphasis on political systems, allowing intergovernmental organisations to join, and recruiting all G20 members.
Austerity Infrastructure, Gentrification, and Spatial Violence: A Ceaseless Battle over Urban Space in Exarcheia Neighbourhood
Authors: Apostolopoulou Elia , Liodaki Danai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we aim to understand how long‐term state neglect of public infrastructure coexists with a renewed emphasis on profit‐driven infrastructure development in urban contexts. We focus on Exarcheia, an Athens neighbourhood known for its radical character, where a lack of public infrastructure investment aligns with plans for new transport infrastructure and urban regeneration. Using a participatory action research approach and engaging in collective discussions with grassroots organisations opposing these plans, we argue that prolonged austerity following the 2008 economic crisis has redefined state‐funded public infrastructures, aligning them more closely with the speculative interests of real estate, commercial, and infrastructure capital. The interplay of austerity infrastructure, gentrification, and spatial violence manifests as a form of slow urbicide, paving the way for revanchist urban regeneration that prioritises the commercial exploitation of urban space at the expense of the historical, political, and cultural identities of affected neighbourhoods.
Comparison of the frequency of complications resulting from open and laparoscopic surgery for hydatid cyst
Authors: Shabani Mohammad , Behnam Fatemeh , Akbari Hossein , Eidy Mohammad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveHydatid cyst is a benign parasitic disease that is usually asymptomatic and is discovered incidentally. The gold standard for the treatment of this disease is surgery. Recently, a laparoscopic approach has been used to remove hydatid cysts. We decided to compare this new technique with an open conventional method.Materials and MethodsPatients—This retrospective analytical study was conducted on patients with hepatic hydatid cysts who underwent surgery in Kashan during 2013–2020. A total of 58 patients were included in this study, 18 of whom underwent laparoscopic surgery and 40 underwent open surgery. The comparison of the two groups was performed using chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests.ResultsThe average duration of surgery in the laparoscopic and open surgery groups was 135 and 151.6 min, respectively, which was not statistically significant (p‐value = .179). There was no significant difference in terms of the need for blood transfusion, conversion of laparoscopic surgery to open surgery, anaphylactic shock, infection, and death between the two groups (p > .05). However, the laparoscopic surgery group had a significantly shorter hospital stay compared with the open surgery group (p‐value < .001), and more favorite patients.ConclusionConsidering the lack of significant difference between the two surgical methods and the reduction in the duration of surgery by a laparoscopic approach, the reduction in hospital stay of patients, and consequently the reduction in the cost of patients, it is expected that this method is a more suitable method compared with open surgery.
Treatment outcomes and esophageal cancer incidence by disease type in achalasia patients undergoing peroral endoscopic myotomy: Retrospective study
Authors: Shiwaku Akio , Shiwaku Hironari , Okada Hiroki , Kusaba Hiroshi , Hasegawa Suguru 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesThis retrospective study aimed to compare treatment outcomes and postoperative courses, including the incidence of esophageal cancer (EC), according to disease types, in 450 achalasia patients who underwent peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).MethodsData from consecutive POEM procedures performed from September 2011 to January 2023 at a single institution were reviewed. Achalasia was classified into straight (St), sigmoid (S1), and advanced sigmoid (S2) types using esophagography findings. Regarding efficacy, POEM was considered successful if the Eckardt score was ≤3. A statistical examination of the incidence and trend of EC occurrence across the disease type of achalasia was conducted using propensity score matching.ResultsOf the 450 patients, 349 were diagnosed with St, 80 with S1, and 21 with S2. POEM efficacy was 97.9% at 1 year and 94.2% at 2 years postprocedure, with no statistical difference between disease types. Using propensity score matching, the incidence of EC in each disease type was as follows: St, 1% (1/98); S1, 2.5% (2/77); S2, 10% (2/18). While no statistical significance was observed between St (1.0%: 1/98) and all sigmoid types (4.0%, 4/95; P = 0.3686). However, a trend test revealed a tendency for EC to occur more frequently in the order of S2, S1, and St type with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0413).ConclusionsOutcomes of POEM are favorable for all disease types. After POEM, it is important not only to monitor the improvement of achalasia symptoms but also to pay attention to the occurrence of EC, especially in patients with sigmoid‐type achalasia.
Healthy from the Start: Co‐Designing Sleep, Nutrition and Physical Activity Resources for Young Shiftworkers—Novel Implementation and Evaluation
Authors: Shriane Alexandra E. , Ferguson Sally A. , Rigney Gabrielle , Gupta Charlotte C. , Kolbe‐Alexander Tracy , Sprajcer Madeline , Hilditch Cassie , Stanton Robert , Thomas Matthew J. W. , Paterson Jessica L. , Marino Jamie , Vincent Grace E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe increasing prevalence of shiftwork among young adults poses significant health risks, primarily due to its disruptive effects on sleep, nutrition and physical activity. Addressing these risks necessitates the development of tailored, evidence‐based resources to support these key health behaviours. Participatory research approaches, engaging those with relevant lived experience (i.e., co‐design) are a novel and effective approach in developing these resources. As such, the aim of the present study was to explore whether sleep, nutrition and physical activity resources for young shiftworkers could be developed using participatory, co‐design approaches and how co‐designers would rate both the approaches used and the resulting resources.MethodsA participatory approach engaged co‐designers (young, experienced or previous shiftworkers; workplace health and safety specialists; science communicators and academic experts) to complete 2–3 online questionnaires and participate in 1–2 online workshops, to co‐design sleep, nutrition and physical activity resources for young shiftworkers. Following resource development, co‐designers assessed both the participatory approach and the resulting resources, through an online questionnaire, which included the Public and Patient Engagement Evaluation Tool (PPEET).ResultsCo‐designers (n = 48) participated in the development of sleep, nutrition and physical activity resources for young shiftworkers. Co‐designers evaluated the participatory approach positively, with a mean rating across all PPEET items of 4.7 (±0.2) on a 5‐point Likert scale. Co‐designers also provided positive ratings for the resources, with the majority (91.7%) either agreeing or strongly agreeing that they were user‐friendly, valuable and informative for young shiftworkers and would serve as a credible source of health information.ConclusionBy adopting a novel participatory approach, we successfully co‐designed sleep, nutrition and physical activity resources for young shiftworkers. Participatory approaches, including co‐design, should be considered when developing health interventions for shiftworkers, given the value of embedding lived experience to address their unique lifestyle challenges.Patient or Public ContributionCo‐designers and/or people with relevant lived experience were involved in all project activities: conceptualisation, design, recruitment, data collection, data analysis, knowledge translation and output generation.
Salivary Physicochemical Parameters in Relation to Dental Caries and Adiposity Status
Authors: Deng Qianyi , Wong Hai Ming , Peng Simin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the correlations between salivary physicochemical parameters, adiposity, and caries indices in Hong Kong adolescents.MethodsA total of 921 adolescents aged 12–15 years from four randomly selected local secondary schools were invited to participate in this cross‐sectional study. Dental examinations including the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), salivary physicochemical parameters, and anthropometric measurements were performed. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to examine the differences in salivary parameters and adiposity indices between participants with different levels of caries experience. Correlations between adiposity indices, salivary parameters, and caries indices were examined using Spearman's correlation coefficients.ResultsThe participation rate was 83.6%. After exclusion, data from 695 adolescents were analysed. Adolescents with high caries experience (DMFT ≥ Significant Caries Index [SiC Index]) had significantly higher weight‐to‐height ratio (W/H) and waist circumference (WC) z‐scores and lower unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates and buffering capacity than those with DMFT < SiC Index. Except for body mass index z‐score, the other adiposity indices were negatively correlated with at least one salivary physicochemical parameter (stimulated salivary flow rate or salivary buffering capacity) (rs ranged from −0.078 to −0.132). After adjusting for age and sex, decreased stimulated salivary flow rate was associated with higher body fat percentages, WC, and waist‐to‐height ratio z‐scores, whereas low salivary buffering capacity was associated with higher W/H and WC z‐scores.ConclusionThere is a potential link between adiposity indices and certain salivary physicochemical parameters that are implicated in the aetiology of dental caries.
Parental education and neighbourhood socioeconomic status in the prediction of childhood overweight: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Pförtner Timo‐Kolja , Gube Monika , Koch Thilo , Michels Josef , Dohle Simone , Demirer Ibrahim 
Published: October 2024

SummaryObjectiveThis study examined cross‐level interaction between parental education and neighbourhood SES in predicting overweight including obesity among school‐aged children.MethodsThis analysis used data from 19 984 children aged 5–6 years participating in the school‐entry examination of the years 2015 to 2019 in the Aachen city region in Germany. We employed multilevel logistic regression models to predict overweight based on parental education and neighbourhood SES, along with their cross‐level interaction, while controlling for several characteristics of the child.ResultsChildren from families with intermediate (OR: 1.99; 95% CI, 1.65–2.40) and low parental education (OR: 2.55; 95% CI, 1.92–3.39) and from neighbourhoods with intermediate (OR: 1.25; 95% CI, 1.02–1.53) and low SES (OR: 1.61; 95% CI, 1.29–2.02) were at significantly higher odds for overweight. There was an indication of a cross‐level interaction effect (p‐value <0.10) to the disadvantage of children with higher parental education, suggesting that inequalities in overweight decrease in more deprived neighbourhoods. The predicted probability of overweight for children with high parental education increased from 6.4% in high SES neighbourhoods to 7.8% in intermediate and 9.9% in low SES neighbourhoods. Sensitivity analyses for obesity and a higher context level of spatial SES confirmed the results.ConclusionsThe results highlight the crucial role of both individual and contextual socioeconomic conditions in predicting childhood overweight. They also suggest that the impact of neighbourhood socioeconomic status on childhood overweight varies by parental education, particularly disadvantaging children with higher parental education, indicating a social contagion of overweight through spatial disadvantage.
Through the Lens of Fairness: A Qualitative Investigation into Co‐workers’ Perceptions of I‐deals
Authors: Gachayeva Sona , Murphy Susan , Aldossari Maryam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAmidst the rapidly evolving work environment that increasingly necessitates personalized approaches towards employees, there is a pressing need to broaden our understanding of idiosyncratic deals (i‐deals) and their third‐party implications in the workplace. Although immediate responses to i‐deals often hinge on equity and social comparison, this approach does not fully explain co‐workers' perceptions of others' i‐deals. By reconciling various theoretical accounts, we propose that co‐workers' perceptions of i‐deals largely depend on the implementation of i‐deals and related justice perceptions of co‐workers. However, our understanding of how i‐deal implementation shapes co‐workers' perceptions of i‐deals from a justice perspective remains limited. Therefore, we conducted an inductive multiple‐case study through 48 in‐depth interviews involving managers, i‐deal receivers (i‐dealers), and co‐workers. Building on our findings, we develop an emergent framework that explains how the implementation of i‐deals, when viewed through the lens of organizational justice, can shape co‐workers' perceptions of i‐deals. This novel perspective enriches the i‐deal literature by offering a fresh angle on the third‐party implications of i‐deals, emphasizing the significance of their implementation and related fairness perceptions.
The Cost of Dancing with the Government: A Conservation of Resources Theory of Political Networking and CEO Burnout
Authors: Tu Haiyin , Zhong Weiguo , Gu Yuandong , Zhou Wenli 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough prior research on the dark side of corporate political activity (CPA) has examined the negative impact of CPA on firms from the perspective of the macro cost of CPA (i.e., organizational loss) and the self‐interested motives of executives (i.e., personal gain), it has largely overlooked the negative repercussions of CPA for individuals intimately engaged in that process (i.e., personal loss). Drawing on the conservation of resources (COR) theory and focusing on Chief Executives Officers (CEOs) who engage in political networking (PN), we investigate how PN affects CEO burnout. We conceptualize PN as a form of relational exchanges between firms and political entities, positing that PN entails substantial resource depletion for those deeply involved, primarily due to significant ethical and moral challenges (i.e., identity threat). As PN intensifies, CEOs are compelled to allocate more time, effort and energy to navigate these escalating challenges, consequently exacerbating CEO burnout. Through the analysis of a 2‐year matched survey of CEOs and comprehensive archive data, we find robust support for our hypothesis. Furthermore, our findings suggest that CEO altruism and institutional knowledge weaken the relationship between PN and CEO burnout, indicating that individual intentions to benefit the collective and the ability to navigate such networking practices alter CEOs' perceived identity challenges. Our study contributes an individual‐level resource‐depletion perspective of CPA and cautions against the propensity of CEOs to engage in CPA driven by Machiavellian logic.