bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blueberry Maggot Control, Beddington, 1994
Authors: Collins J. A. , Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Pyrenone was applied on 12 and 18 Jul to a ca. 200- by 225-ft plot in a bearing blueberry field at Beddington, Maine. There was one replication of Pyrenone, applied at a rate of 25 gal/acre using a CIMA P55D Atomizer Low Volume sprayer mounted on an Agco Allis 6670 tractor operating at 40 psi and driven at ca. 1.8 mph. At first treatment, 5-10% of the berries were ripening and turning blue. On 2 Aug, one quart of berries was raked from each of 9 systematically selected areas within the treated plot and 18 from the untreated area; all samples were collected at least 25 ft from plot boundaries. Berries were refrigerated and processed within 3 days by boiling the berries and extracting the maggots from the pulp. The only significant weather condition during this test was a rain of about 1 inch occurring one day after the second treatment.
Apple, Control of the Obliquebanded Leafroller with Bacillus Thuringiensis and Conventional Products in Spring, 1993
Authors: Brunner J. F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Different B. thuringiensis products were evaluated for their ability to control OBLR larvae of the overwintering generation. The test was conducted in an apple orchard near Milton-Freewater, OR. Trees were 4-yr-old ‘Fuji’ on dwarfing roots. Treatments were applied to four-tree plots replicated five times in a RCBD. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gpa. Application dates and plant development stages are shown in the table. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 20 May. Each tree was examined and the no. of live leafroller larvae recorded.
Evaluation of AC 303, 630 for Citrus Rust Mite Control on Texas Citrus, 1994
Authors: Victor French J. , Jackson Michael B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental AC 303,630 tankmixed with NR 440 oil and Kocide 101 copper fungicide were compared to the standard acaricide, Agri-Mek + NR 440 oil. Treatments were randomized and replicated 3 times on plots of 4 trees each in a block of 9 yr old ‘Rio Red’ grapefruit on an 18 × 24 ft spacing. Treatment sprays were applied on 29 Jun using an FMC 1229 single volute commercial air blast sprayer with nozzling and pressure calibrated to apply 250 gpa. At each count date, 50 fruit were randomly selected from the center 2 trees in each plot and examined for CRM in situ with a 10X handlens. All live CRM (except eggs) were counted in two, 1-cm2 lens fields on the shaded sides of each fruit. The two counts per fruit were averaged and recorded as one observation. In Nov, 50 randomly harvested fruit per treatment replicate were evaluated for CRM feeding damage. If a one third of the fruit surface area was damaged it was downgraded to process or juice fruit. The percent of downgraded fruit for each treatment was determined and expressed as percent russet.
Pecan Phylloxera Control Trials, 1994
Authors: Hall Michael J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two rates of Admire 2F, with and without a nonionic wetting agent, were evaluated for control of pecan phylloxera. Lorsban 4E was used as the standard insecticide for comparison. The tests were conducted at two sites located in south Caddo Parish, Louisiana. The plots were arranged in a RCBD consisting of 5 single tree blocks. Six shoots, one shoot per treatment, were tagged on each tree. The buds on each shoot were inspected for the presence of pecan phylloxera. Treatments were applied using a hand-held, 3-gallon, compressedair sprayer. One-gallon solutions were prepared for spraying. Treatments were applied on 30 Mar at the first site and 14 Apr at the second site. The entire shoot was sprayed. One bud was randomly selected from each shoot from which gall counts would be made. Each bud developed into a terminal containing 4-9 compound leaves. Gall counts were made on 2 May at site one and 26 May at site two. The time between treatment application and sampling allowed sufficient time for galls to develop. Only galls containing live phylloxera were counted.
Foliar Sprays to Control Insects on Snap Beans, Painter, VA
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Snap beans were planted at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA on 10 Aug. Each plot consisted of a 25 ft row, bordered on each side by an untreated guard row, and with 3 ft spacing between rows. Each plot was replicated four times in a randomized, complete block design. Sprays were applied on 31 Aug, 12 and 20 Sep with a backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi. KW 556 pre-dissolved soluble film was added to each DPX YB 656 treatment at 3% AI to AI. Evaluation criteria consisted of thrips counts on 5 trifoliate leaves/plot on 7 Sep. These leaves were washed in soapy water, and the soapy water was then filtered through a Buchner funnel. The resulting insects were counted under a stereoscopic microscope. On 6 Oct, 50 pods were handpicked from each plot and examined for insect damage, and then the plots were mechanically harvested and weighed to determine total yields. An estimation of yield loss was evaluated based on the percent damaged pods/50 pods and subtracted from the total yields. These yields and the estimated yield loss are reported in the table.
Control of the Codling Moth with Guthion, Imidan and Oil, 1994
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Gut L. J. , Doerr M. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Guthion, two formulations of Imidan, and a highly refined insecticidal oil, Orchex 796, were evaluated for their ability to control CM over the entire season. The test was conducted in an apple orchard at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center. The trees were 15-yr-old spur type ‘Delicious’. Treatments were applied to two-tree plots replicated five times using a RCB design. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gpa. Two treatments of Guthion and Imidan were applied against each CM generation, the initial treatment being timed using accumulated degree days following first capture of moths in pheromone traps. Three treatments of Orchex 796 were applied each generation, with the initial application each generation being timed using degree days. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 29 Aug. One hundred apples from one tree per plot were examined, and the number of CM injured fruit was recorded.
Control of Western Black Flea Beetle on Cabbage, FT. Collins, Co 1990
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Patrick Darryl , Rice Lynne , Cooper Dayna 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Copenhagen Market’ cabbage was seeded 4 Apr and transplanted 17 May to a field at the Colorado State University Horticulture Research Farm, north of Ft. Collins, CO. Single row plots were established, each consisting of 5 plants at a 15-in in-row spacing, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Sprays were applied on 5 and 15 Jun using a hand-operated compressed air sprayer delivering 25 gpa. Plots were evaluated by counting all flea beetles on the center 3 plants of each plot.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae with Insecticides, Pasquotank Co., NC, 1994
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Wade Holloway C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Blue Vantage’ cabbage was transplanted in late Jul near Weeksville, NC. Single row plots, 10 ft long on 42 inch centers were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Alleys of 5 ft were used between replicates. Treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backsprayer using a single hollow cone nozzle (18X) operating at 60 psi to deliver 54.5 gpa. Applications with Trigard AG-98 (spreader) were made with all treatments 22 Aug and 13, 20, and 27 Sep. No applications were applied between 22 Aug and 13 Sep. Counts were extremely low, and we allowed the DBM and CL populations to increase. A slight increase occurred and we applied treatments on 13 Sep. Visual estimates of foliar damage and insect counts were made 20 and 27 Sep and 3 Oct. No insects were present on 3 Oct.
Corn Earworm Control, Rocky Ford, 1990
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Schweissing Frank 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘NK-199’ sweet corn was planted 8 Jun 1990 at the Arkansas Valley Research Center, Rocky Ford, CO. At silk emergence, 25-ft × 4-row plots were established, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Sprays (Sevin SL, Pounce, Karate, Margosan-O) were applied 1 and 8 Aug in a hand-operated compressed air-sprayer delivering 43 gal/acre, directed at the ear zone. Entomopathogenic nematodes (BioSafe) were applied 8 Aug, directed at the ear tip. Dusts (Ryan-50) were applied 1 and 8 Aug using a Dustin-Mizer®, directed at the ear zone. Plots were evaluated 22 Aug, examining 50 ears/plot.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Lepidopterous Larvae in Lettuce, 1994
Authors: Palumbo J. C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Lettuce was direct seeded into double-row beds on 12 Sep at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ. Plots consisted of four, 45 ft long beds spaced 42 inches apart and bordered on each side by two unplanted beds. Plots were arranged in a completely randomized block design with 4 replicates. Foliar treatments were applied on 7 and 12 Oct with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with a two-bed boom, having one nozzle per row (TX 12 hollow cone), and delivering 20.5 gal/acre at 40 psi. Latron CS-7 spreader-sticker was applied at 0.125% v/v with all treatments. Evaluations were made on 7, 12, and 17 Oct by selecting 15 plants per replicate, removing all leaves, and counting the total number of small (1st and 2nd instars) and large (&gt;2nd instar) BAW, CL and TBW live larvae. Data were analyzed for treatment differences using ANOVA and a protected LSD.
Evaluation of Adjuvants on Control of Onion Thrips with Cypermethrin 1994
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Al-Dosari Saleh , Schweissing Frank 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two trials were initiated in midseason to investigate possible causes of reported poor performance of cypermethrin (Ammo 2.5E) in control of onion thrips. The first trial was conducted on seeded onions (cv. ‘Whitekeeper’) at the Arkansas Valley Research Center, Rocky Ford, CO. Plantings were double row beds, at 44-in centers and individual plots consisted of 50 feet of bed, arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Applications were made over the top of the plants 1 Jul using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 23.5 gal/acre at 45 psi. Temperature at the time of application was 92°F. Plot evaluations were made 8 Jul by counting all thrips on 10 consecutive plants.
Onion Thrips Control, 1994
Authors: Davis M. , Anandwala Y. , Bommarito M. , Grafius E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Spartan Banner 80’ onions were direct seeded the first week of May at the Michigan State University Muck Research Farm, Laingsburg, MI. Plots were 10 ft long non-adjacent sections of single rows (16 inch spacing between rows), separated by 1 untreated row. Treatments were replicated five times with a randomized complete block arrangement. Treatments were applied with a hand-held CO2 sprayer with a flat fan nozzle (Teejet 8002VS) at 35 psi and 50 gpa on 3 Aug and 8 Aug. A section of ten consecutive plants was randomly selected in each replicate and thrips were counted on 8 Aug (prior to 2nd spray) and 12 Aug.
Control of Insects on Sweet Corn, 1995
Authors: Foster R. E. , Buhler W. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted 5 Jul at the O’Neall Memorial Farm, Lafayette, Indiana. Plots consisted of four rows, 30 ft long, 30 in apart, arranged in a RCB with four replications. Insecticides were applied via a Hahn HiBoy sprayer and propelled by CO2 using 3 hollow cone nozzle tips per row, one over the top and one directed at each side of the ear zone. Sprays were delivered in 11 gal water/acre at 20 psi. Sprays were applied beginning at row tassel on 18, 21, 24, and 28 Aug and 1 and 5 Sept. On 11 Sept, 25 ears per plot were harvested and evaluated for damage and the number of caterpillars present were counted. Ears with damage confined to the terminal inch were considered marketable. Ears with no visible insect feeding were rated as clean. Results are presented as percentage of damaged ears based on 100 ears examined and counts of caterpillar species per 25 ears.
Foliar Sprays to Control Worms on Early and Late Sweet Corn, 1995
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted in two adjacent fields on 18 May at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. One field was planted in the early maturing cultivar ‘Seneca Horizon’, and the other field was planted in the late maturing cultivar ‘Silver Queen’. Foliar sprays were applied using a single nozzle boom backpack sprayer delivering 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Sprays were initiated at 50% silking and the application dates for each cultivar are listed in the tables The ‘Silver Queen’ received one less application than the ‘Seneca Horizon’ due to a storm on the last scheduled application date. Evaluation criteria consisted of counts of the numbers of fresh market (no damage), processing (less than 1.5 inch tip damage), and cull ears (greater than 1.5 inch tip damage and/or damage elsewhere on the ear) in a 12 ear subsample from each plot. The numbers of live worms of each species in the 12 ear subsamples were also recorded.
Evaluation of Two Application Methods of Applying Adios Flow Able for Cucumber Beetle Control in Muskmelon, 1995
Authors: Dively Galen P. , Worden Christopher J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Muskmelon, cultivar ‘Athena’, transplants were established on 24 May at the Wye Research and Education Center, Queenstown, Maryland. Plants were spaced 24 inches apart in raised plastic-mulched beds 60 inches apart. Plots were arranged in a 2 X 2 split-plot design with four randomized blocks. Whole plot treatments were two insecticide application methods: airblast and standard boom. Individual plots 90 ft long consisted of either six beds for boom application or eight beds for airblast spraying. Subplots were either untreated or treated with flowable Adios at 0.065 lbs (AI) per acre. Boom spraying was performed at 40 psi with 8004 flat fan nozzles delivering 30 gpa of total volume. Spray nozzles were spaced on 30 inch centers. The airblast sprayer delivered 48 gpa at 200 psi. To avoid drift problems, airblast spraying was performed from one direction away from the other blocks. To compare spray deposition between the two application methods, stations of moisture-sensitive cards were placed at the top canopy level within various rows in each plot. Each station consisted of four cards: two opposing each other and positioned on the horizontal plane, and two opposing and positioned on the vertical plane. Stations were established in rows 3 and 5 of the boom-treated plots and in rows 2, 4, 6, and 8 in the airblast-treated plots. Visual counts of live and dead adults of both striped and spotted cucumber beetles were recorded 24 hours after each treatment in a single section of 20 feet of row. The complete treatment and data collection protocol was repeated on three different dates: 26 July, 9 August, and 14 August.
Onion Thrips Control, 1995
Authors: Davis M. Kortier , Grafius E. , Garvin P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Five compounds were tested for their effectiveness at reducing populations of onions thrips in a commercial onion field in Decatur, MI (Van Buren Co.). Plots were 10 ft long sections of double rows separated by one untreated double row, replicated five times in a RCB arrangement. Treatments were applied with a hand-held CO2 sprayer with a flat fan nozzle at 45 psi and 50 gal per acre of water on 15, 20 and 30 July. Heavy rain (1 + ”) immediately followed the 20 July application. The first and third applications were made in the afternoon in dry, humid weather, followed by heavy dew accumulation in the evening. The field was not irrigated. Thrips were counted on ten consecutive onion plants on 20, 26 July and 7 Aug. Data were log transformed before analysis. Untransformed data are reported.
Apple, Pandemis Leafroller Control with Spinosad and Confirm in Summer, 1995
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Doerr M. D. , Smith L. O. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Spinosad and Confirm were evaluated for their ability to control PLR larvae of the summer generation. The test was conducted in an apple orchard at Orondo, WA. The trees were 3-yr-old Delicious on dwarfing roots. Treatments were applied to 10-tree plots replicated three times in a RCB. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 3 Aug. The total number of live PLR larvae found on all 10 trees of a treatment replication was counted.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes With Microbial Insecticides, 1995
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Mulford Karen , Baumann Donna 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘ Red Norland’ potatoes were planted in 20 foot rows on 29 Mar, ’95. Plots consisted of a single treatment row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 10 inches. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. The soil is a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 1.5 gallons of water and applied with a custom built compressed air row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gallacre at 30 psi. Treatments were applied 19 and 24 May and 4 Jun. Plots were treated with Asana XL 0.05 Ib (AI)/acre and PBO 8EC 0.375 Ib (AI)/acre on 9 and 19 Jun to control Colorado potato beetle adults. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of CPB adults, larvae, and egg masses110 plants and % defoliation were recorded. Defoliation categories were assigned using a pretransformed defoliation rating scale, based on dividing 90° into 13 steps corresponding to arcsin transformation values (Little & Hills 1978). Yields were taken on 26 Jun from 20 feet of row.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1995
Authors: McEnhill E.. , Grafius E. , Sirota J. , Brunt C. , Ferrigan J. , Garvin P. , Haas L. , Ricci J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Fifteen insecticide treatments were tested at the MSU Montcalm Research Farm, in Entrican, MI, for their control of Colorado potato beetles (CPB). ‘Snowden’ potatoes were planted 12 inches apart with a 34 inch row spacing on 10 May. Treatments were replicated four times and assigned to plots in a RCB design. The plots measured 40 feet long and were three rows wide. There were at least two rows of bare ground between plots and five feet of untreated potatoes between plots in the same rows. The Admire and Mocap treatments were applied in furrow at planting. The first foliar treatment was applied, at 25% CPB hatch, on 18 June using a tractor-mounted sprayer (30 gal/acre, 40 psi). Subsequent first generation sprays were applied on 29 June and 7 July. Light rain occurred on 7 July before the insecticides had a chance to dry. Insecticide effectiveness was determined by counting the various stages of CPB on two randomly chosen plants from the middle row of each plot. Counts were done on 12 and 23 Jun and 3 and 12 July. Second generation methods were the same as for the first generation with sprays occuring on 19 July, 26 July and 2 Aug and counts on 18, 24 and 31 Jul. All plots other than the two Trigard treatments were sprayed with a maintenance spray of Imidan and PBO. Each plot was assessed for percent defoliation on 3 July and 9 August. The middle row of potatoes from each plot was harvested on 22 August, separated by size and weighed.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control; Asana-Fungicide Interactions, Crookston, Mn, 1994
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Holder Bobby , Miller Jennifer , Holen Carlyle 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Certified seed potatoes were planted at the Northwest Experiment station on 11 May. Soils were of the Beardon silty clay loam type. Plots were four 40” wide rows, 25 ft in length. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Soil treatments were applied 2” above the seed piece and covered immediately with acceptably moist soil. Soil and foliar treatments were hand applied in 20 gal of total material per acre. All foliars were broadcast on 23, 30 June; 6, 15, 21, 28 July and 4 Aug. Dry chemicals were pre-weighed and all chemicals were mixed and sprayed in a single treatment mixture. All Asana 40WP treatments contained KW556-001 WSF, unless otherwise indicated. Early season had less than normal rainfall but from July, onward, plots often contained standing water. Yields were collected from the center 2 rows of each plot.
Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1995
Authors: Sewell Gary H. , Storch Richard H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiments were RCB designs with five replicates each The experiments were planted May 15 and 16 at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1994. The 3.0 m space between blocks and the 1.8 m space between the four-row plots were bare soil. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy whole seed (ca 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Early and late blight were controlled by seven foliar applications of mancozeb. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, three nozzles per row at 5.6 kg/cm2 pressure and 0.47 kl/ha. Numbers of larvae and adults were counted weekly on 20 whole plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, beetle counts were made prior to application of insecticides. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of data using log10(x+1). Transformed means of the sum of larvae and adult beetles were compared using Fisher’s LSD Test and then applied to the actual means. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 3.3, 5.8, and 3.8 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 18.8, 22.0 and 18.0 deg. C.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control With Insecticides, Pasquotank Co., N.C., 1995
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Holloway C. Wade 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Atlantic‘ potatoes were planted in early Mar near Elizabeth City, N.C. Plots were 20 ft. long, with single row spacing on 42 inch centers with a guard row left between each treatment and replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Alleys of 10 ft were used between replicates. Treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle (18X) operating at 60 psi to deliver 54.5 gal/acre. On 20 Mar Admire 2F at the rate of 1.0 fluid oz. per 1000 linear ft was applied in the furrow over the top of the potato pieces just before they were covered. Provado 1.6F and M-Trak 1 EC were applied at egg stage on 25 Apr. All treatments were applied on 2 and 9 May with the exception of 1.0 fluid oz/1000 linear ft. of Admire 2F which had been applied on 20 Mar and Provado 1.6F which was applied 25 Apr (egg stage only). Counts of CPB on 3 hills/plot were made 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 May and 9 Jun. Small larvae were assumed to be first and second instar, and large larvae, third and fourth instar. No applications were applied after 9 May due to low insect pressure. Visual CPB damage ratings were made 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 May and 9 Jun. Potatoes were harvested and yields recorded 9 Jun.