bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Issue of the Definition of “Sound Recording” in the Slovak and Czech Legislation
Authors: Adamov Norbert 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Sound recording a posteriori Slovak as well as Czech legislation represents the unity of the recorded information and the medium in which the information is stored. However, the medium of audio information can take various forms. This diversity is on the one hand determined by the technical development and on the other hand by the fact that the term “sound recording” can be interpreted broadly, which means that under the term “sound recordings” need not be understood only carriers of audio information that are directly reproducible by means of a technical equipment intended for sound reproduction but even such objects which are already technically outdated (e.g. musicboxes or automatic musical instruments) or that are relatively new but specific or rare (e.g. music roads). Therefore in some case unclear or imprecise definition of “sound recording” may lead to doubt whether a particular object ought to be protected as a sound recording or not.
New Legal Regulation of Admissibility of Appellative Review from the Viewpoint of Certiorari Institute
Authors: Šínová Renáta , Vraník Jakub 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The article is focused on current legal regulation concerning review of an appeal within the Czech civil procedure law. Changes, adopted by Czech legislator in 2012, brought to this extraordinary remedy new concept and approach. The article compares this approach to a certiorari principle common the US legislation and brings conclusions denying the new Czech and the US legal regulation shall correspond perfectly to each other, even though some experts expressed an opposite opinion.
Letter of Rights for Persons Arrested on the Basis of a European Arrest Warrant: A Novelty Under the Directive 2012/13/Eu
Authors: Klimek Libor 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The paper deals with a Letter of rights for persons arrested on the basis of a European arrest warrant, a novelty introduced by the Directive 2012/13/ EU on the right to information in criminal proceedings. The Directive stipulates that Member States of the EU shall ensure that persons who are arrested for the purpose of the execution of an European arrest warrant are provided promptly with appropriate Letter of rights containing information on their rights according to the law implementing the Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA on the European arrest warrant in the executing Member State. The paper is divided into three sections. First section presents fundamental knowledge on starting points of the letter of rights. Further, second section analyses its legal basis, i.e. Directive 2012/13/EU. The last third section introduces an indicative model of letter of rights.
Pluralism of Mass Media as a Constitutional Principle
Authors: Bartoň Michal 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The article deals with following issues: - plurality of mass media as a freedom of speech principle, - regulation of mass media and its two faces: regulation as a way of limitation of freedom of expression and regulation as a way of protection of freedom of expression, - danger of mass-media monopoly for “free trade of ideas”, - regulation of content versus regulation of access, the question of positive obligations of state power resulting from constitutional guarantees of freedom of speech, - legal means for securing of mass-media plurality and question of its constitutional conformity with protection of property (regulation of mass-media ownership as a protection of freedom of speech).
Organization of Czech and Polish Administrative Judiciary
Authors: Kryska David 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The author, on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of most recent reforms of administrative judiciary in the Czech Republic and the Republic of Poland, compares the legislation of Czech and Polish administrative judiciary. The article is divided into three parts, the first two discuss the legislation in both countries. Constitutional foundations of the organization and the system of administrative judiciary are addressed there. Subsequently, the author deals separately with the legislation of lower levels of the system and the legislation of supreme administrative courts, focussing on judges and other professional staff and the structure of the courts. Both the parts are rounded by an interpretation of the instruments for unification of the judicature. The third part of the paper includes the final summary.
The Poor, the Unemployed and the Public Worker – A Comparative Essay on National Unemployment Policies Contribution to Deepening Poverty
Authors: Hungler Sara 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The aim of this article is to discuss the relation between a state’s unemployment and social policies with an eye on rights and duties declared in the European Social Charter and the Revised European Social Charter. First a summary is given to major international human right instruments’ approach to forced labor in connection with public work programs, followed by an introduction to Article 1(2) of the European Social Charter and its interpretation by the European Committee of Social Rights. This section will also give a short comparative analysis on the unemployment policies of selected EU Member States. The second half of the article is dedicated to the past and present of the Hungarian public work program and its critical analysis.
Solicitation of Children for Sexual Purposes: The New Offence in the EU (Under The Directive 2011/92/EU)
Authors: Klimek Libor 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The article deals with the rules for a grant of interim measures in the context of EU law and its application in national judicial proceedings. It covers the key case-law of the Court of Justice of the EU related to the regime, conditions and limits of the interim measures and adds a reflection of practice of Czech courts. Article pays particular attention to the conditions for suspension ofn the application of national law measures.
Unification of law in the field of family law – roads and dead-end-roads
Authors: Löhnig Martin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Article deals with the problem of the harmonisation and unification of the family law in the European Union as the consequence of the building the single European Space. Th e main claim of the author is that a speedy unification of substantive family law, particularly one that is decreed by European institutions, would lead to loss on national and regional legal culture, what accorfing the author can’t be justified. Th e alternative is a close cooperation of individual European cultural groups or neighboring countries and the unification of the conflict of laws provisions and of the law of jurisdiction of the courts as well as by enacting regulations on (mutual) recognition and enforcement of court decision.
Modification du mécanisme de contrôle de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme a la base du Protocole n° 14
Authors: Šišková Naděžda 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The article in French is dedicated to the analysis of the latest Protocol to the European Convention of Human Rights. The contribution is focused especially on the evaluation of the effectiveness of the control mechanism of the Convention under the Protocol No 14. It deals, besides others, with the modification of the admission criteria of the application, the creation of the new formations of the Court, the introduction of the new competencies of the Council of Ministers and the changes in the term of office of the judges.
Migration – The Threat or the Chance of Development for the City?
Authors: Sitek Bronisław 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The article deals with the phenomena of human migration, especially migration from the rural surroundings to the city structures and legal approach to it. Author describes the acknowledgment and legal regulation of the migration into the city structures in ancient world (e.g. in Roman law), deals with the contemporary legal concepts related to this sort of migration in Polish law and evaluate the impact of EU law approach to this question. Finally author pleads against the protective and closing regulations and call for the open approach to the in-city migration flows.
The European Union Policy of Combating the Drug Turnover
Authors: Sitek Magdalena 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The article deals with the problem of fighting the drug trafficking and drug abuse within the European Union. It describe the background of the issue and deals with the impact of the abolition of border controls within the Union on the increase and character of the drug turnover. She moreover points on the other negative side-effect, i.e. the increase of criminality caused by the abuse of drugs. Th en she analysis the contemporary legal regulation of the drug trafficking and drug abuse in Poland and within the European Union and compare both regulations. She critically calls for the establishment of the comprehensive common strategy to avoid the negative outcomes of the “free drugs turnover” within the territory of the Union.
The Abuse of Rigts in Tax and Administrative Law
Authors: Radkova Martina 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Aim of this article is to point out the recent development of the principle of abuse of rights in tax and administrative law. Subject of this article is not abuse of discretion, abuse of rule of law, abuse of power or eventual other abuses. Although abuse of rights is traditionally category of private law, we could observe application of this institute in European public law including the Czech public law.
Surrender vs. Extradition: A Comparison Focused on Innovations of European Arrest Warrant
Authors: Klimek Libor 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The European Union was aware of unwanted side-effect of the free movement of persons which has been the equally free movement criminals. With regards to Tampere European Council conclusions the traditional extradition procedures were replaced by the surrender procedure within Member States of the European Union. Th e article answers the question how the surrender procedure differs from classic extradition. It deals with the comparison of the surrender procedure and the extradition mechanism focused on innovations of the European arrest warrant. It points out at necessity of simpler and faster procedure in the EU. Further, it focuses on the comparison of the legal basis of both procedures and on procedural issues.
Effect of Melissa officinalis capsule on the mental health of female adolescents with premenstrual syndrome: a clinical trial study
Authors: Heydari Naval , Dehghani Mansure , Emamghoreishi Maasumeh , Akbarzadeh Marzieh 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Introduction
In spite of its importance, the psychological health requirements of adolescents are ignored; due to the occurrence of mental disorders in this age group and also public interest in the use of supplementary and alternative treatments such as herbal drugs for mental disorders, this study was carried out aimed at examining the impact of the Melissa officinalis capsule on the psychological health of female adolescents.

Methodology
In this randomized clinical trial study, 100 female adolescents were assigned to two groups of either drug and placebo groups. The data collection tool includes demographic information recording note and General Health Standard Questionnaire (GHQ). Intervention has been done in the menstrual cycle during 3 successive months and patients received two 600 mg drug daily in the intervention group, and the control group received placebo. After the intervention, the scores of the participants’ psychological health were measured in both groups and data were analyzed through independent t-test using SPSS software version 16.

Results
The study results showed that psychosomatic symptoms score (p < 0.001), anxiety and sleeping disorder (p < 0.001), and social function disorder (p = 0.021) in the experiment group was significantly less than that of the placebo group.

Conclusion
Based on the findings of this study, Melissa officinalis can decrease psychosomatic symptoms, sleeping disorder and anxiety, depression and disorder in social function in female adolescents.
Information content in data sets: A review of methods for interrogation and model comparison
Authors: Banks H. Thomas , Joyner Michele L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this review we discuss methodology to ascertain the amount of information in given data sets with respect to determination of model parameters with desired levels of uncertainty. We do this in the context of least squares (ordinary, weighted, iterative reweighted weighted or “generalized”, etc.) based inverse problem formulations. The ideas are illustrated with several examples of interest in the biological and environmental sciences.
Photometric Intensity Profiles Analysis for Thick Segment Recognition and Geometric Measures
Authors: Aubry N. , Kerautret B. , Even P. , Debled-Rennesson I. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe segmentation or the geometric analysis of specular objects is known as a difficult problem in the computer vision domain. It is also true for the problem of line detection where the specular reflection implies numerous false positive line detection or missing lines located on the dark parts of the object. This limitation reduces its potential use for concrete industrial applications where metallic objects are frequent. In order to overcome this limitation, a new strategy to detect thick segment is proposed. It is not based on the image gradient as usually, but rather exploits the image intensity profile defined inside a parallel strip primitive. Associated to a digital straight segment recognition algorithmwhich is robust to noise, this strategy was implemented to track metallic tubular objects in gray-level images. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated through extensive tests using an actual industrial application. An alternate release intended to overcome the possible impact of the digitization process on the achieved performance is also introduced. Both strategies are discussed at the end of the article.
Hierarchizing graph-based image segmentation algorithms relying on region dissimilarity
Authors: Guimarães Silvio , Kenmochi Yukiko , Cousty Jean , Patrocinio Zenilton , Najman Laurent 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article is a first attempt towards a general theory for hierarchizing non-hierarchical image segmentation method depending on a region-dissimilarity parameter which controls the desired level of simpli fication: each level of the hierarchy is “as close as possible” to the result that one would obtain with the non-hierarchical method using the corresponding scale as simplification parameter. The introduction of this hierarchization problem in the form of an optimization problem, as well as the proposed tools to tackle it, is an important contribution of the present article. Indeed, with the hierarchized version of a segmentation method, the user can just select the level in the hierarchy, controlling the desired number of regions or can leverage on any of the tools introduced in hierarchical analysis. The main example investigated in this study is the criterion proposed by Felzenszwalb and Huttenlocher for which we show that the results of the hierarchized version of the segmentation method are better than those of the original one with the added property that it satisfies the strong causality and location principles from scale-sets image analysis. An interesting perspective of thiswork, considering the current trend in computer vision, is obviously, on a specific application, to use learning techniques and train a criterion to choose the correct region.
Representation, Consciousness, and Time
Authors: Allen-Hermanson Sean 
Published: January 2018

AbstractI criticize Bourget’s intuitive and empirical arguments for thinking that all possible conscious states are underived if intentional. An underived state is one of which it is not the case that it must be realized, at least in part, by intentional states distinct from itself. The intuitive argument depends upon a thought experiment about a subject who exists for only a split second while undergoing a single conscious experience. This, however, trades on an ambiguity in “split second.” Meanwhile, Bourget’s empirical argument is question-begging. My critique also has implications for debates about the essential temporality and unity of consciousness experience, and, phenomenal atomism.
Analytical Solution of Pantograph Equation with Incommensurate Delay
Authors: Patade Jayvant , Bhalekar Sachin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract:Pantograph equation is a delay differential equation (DDE) arising in electrodynamics. This paper studies the pantograph equation with two delays. The existence, uniqueness, stability and convergence results for DDEs are presented. The series solution of the proposed equation is obtained by using Daftardar-Gejji and Jafari method and given in terms of a special function. This new special function has several properties and relations with other functions. Further, we generalize the proposed equation to fractional-order case and obtain its solution.
NanoSQUIDs: Basics & recent advances
Authors: José Martínez-Pérez Maria , Koelle Dieter 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) are one of the most popular devices in superconducting electronics. They combine the Josephson effect with the quantization of magnetic flux in superconductors. This gives rise to one of the most beautiful manifestations of macroscopic quantum coherence in the solid state. In addition, SQUIDs are extremely sensitive sensors allowing us to transduce magnetic flux into measurable electric signals. As a consequence, any physical observable that can be converted into magnetic flux, e.g., current, magnetization, magnetic field or position, becomes easily accessible to SQUID sensors. In the late 1980s it became clear that downsizing the dimensions of SQUIDs to the nanometric scale would encompass an enormous increase of their sensitivity to localized tiny magnetic signals. Indeed, nanoSQUIDs opened the way to the investigation of, e.g., individual magnetic nanoparticles or surface magnetic states with unprecedented sensitivities. The purpose of this chapter is to present a detailed survey of microscopic and nanoscopic SQUID sensors. We will start by discussing the principle of operation of SQUIDs, placing the emphasis on their application as ultrasensitive detectors for small localized magnetic signals. We will continue by reviewing a number of existing devices based on different kinds of Josephson junctions and materials, focusing on their advantages and drawbacks. The last sections are left for applications of nanoSQUIDs in the fields of scanning SQUID microscopy and magnetic particle characterization, placing special stress on the investigation of individual magnetic nanoparticles.
Printing Inks of The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty
Authors: Kim Kang-Jae , Eom Tae-Jin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis was carried out to determine the origin of the oriental printing inks used inThe Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, which are a national treasure of the Republic of Korea and listed in UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register. The average diameters of the carbon black found in the printing inks of all the samples were in the range of 30–500 nm. The carbon black diameters of the printing inks in J-Se 68, J-Se 124, and T-Gwang 37 were 80–130 nm, whereas those of the printing inks in J-Seong 1, T-In 46, and T-Heon 4 were larger than 150 nm. It could be concluded that the printing inks in J-Se 68, J-Se 124, and T-Gwang 37 are lampblack ink, and those in J-Seong 1, T-In 46, and T-Heon 4 are charcoal ink. Furthermore, the results of infrared (IR) and principal component analysis (PCA) of printing inks suggest that there was no difference in the binding medium used in the manufacturing process of the charcoal ink stick and the lampblack ink stick.
Optimization of fermentation conditions for efficient ethanol production by Mucor hiemalis
Authors: Esmaeili Hossein , Keikhosro Karimi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background

Mucor hiemalis is a dimorphic fungus that efficiently produces ethanol from different sugars; however, the yield of ethanol production highly depends on the fermentation conditions.

Objective
The conditions for obtaining a high ethanol production yield were optimized in this study.

Materials and methods
A response surface methodology was used to optimize pH, temperature, and time of ethanolic fermentation by M. hiemalis. Additionally, wheat flour was enzymatically hydrolyzed and the hydrolysate solution with high glucose concentration was fermented by the fungus.

Results
The optimum pH, temperature, and time were 5.5, 30°C, and 36 h, respectively. Maximum ethanol and glycerol yields were 0.48 and 0.06 g/g, respectively. The biomass yield was between 0.01 and 0.16 g/g of consumed glucose. The results showed that the fungus was able to produce ethanol in a medium containing 5.5% (v/v) ethanol, while higher ethanol concentration prevented further production of ethanol.

Conclusion
At the optimized conditions, the fungus was able to consume glucose with the concentration of 140 g/L and produce ethanol with a yield of 0.45 g/g, which was comparable to that by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Alignment and locality in the typology of affixing language games
Authors: Krämer Martin , Vogt Barbara 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This paper contributes to the discussion around the (extra-)grammatical status of language games (or ludlings). We collected over 60 games which are based on the affixation of a dummy morpheme, which is infixed and iterated in most cases. While some are obviously reduplicative, closer investigation reveals that all the games involving iterativity function like reduplication. Our optimality-theoretic analysis concentrates on the explanation of shape, segmental content, placement and iterativity of the dummy affix and employs only constraints standardly assumed in the literature on reduplication. We show that no ludling-specific constraints or stipulations are necessary to account for this typology and make predictions on limitations that presumably apply to typological variation with regard to language games. Ludlings are thus variations of grammatical constraint rankings.
A new luminescent host material K3GdB6O12: synthesis, crystal structure and luminescent properties activated by Sm3+
Authors: Zhao Dan , Nie Cong-Kui , Tian Ye , Liu Bao-Zhong , Fan Yun-Chang , Zhao Ji 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A new borate compound K3GdB6O12 has been prepared using a high temperature flux method and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The structure can be described as a three-dimensional framework that is composed of [B5O10]5− groups, K+ ions and Gd3+ ions. In this structure, one crystallographic distinct site is mixed occupied by K and Gd atoms at the molar ratio of 1:1. Furthermore, Sm3+ ion was used as the activator to test primary of K3GdB6O12 to be used as a luminescent host matrix. A series of phosphors K3Gd1−xB6O12:xSm3+ were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction. The photoluminescence properties and concentration quenching of the prepared phosphors were investigated. The results show that K3Gd1−xB6O12:xSm3+ can be efficiently excited by near-UV light. K3Gd1−xB6O12:xSm3+ might be a promising candidate for visual display and solid-state lighting as an orange emission phosphor.