bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors associated with refractive error among medical students
Authors: Kumar Neelam , Jangra Babita , Jangra Mahavir Singh , Pawar Neeraj 
Published: January 2018

Background: Refractive error may be defined as a state in which the optical system of the non-accommodating eye fills to bring parallel rays of light to focus on the retina. Myopia is the most common type of RE, a complex trait including both environmental and genetic factors. Refractive errors are extremely common in the young academically active population. As for any nation they are the features of hardcore human resource, it has huge economic impact. These are the major cause of mild to moderate visual impairment in young individuals; knowledge of the prevalence of refractive error would be helpful in planning of public health strategy. Methods: The present study was carried out on MBBS students studying in 2nd year to 4th year at Pt. BDS PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana. The study was a case – control type of study, in which a total of 100 cases and 100 controls were taken by simple random sampling by lottery method. Cases and controls were matched for age with a difference of ±2 years. Results: Refractive error was found statistically significant among females, students spending more reading hours, watching television, mobile use, inadequate light and family history of refractive error. Means age of refractive error was 14.46±3.4 years. Conclusions: As most of the risk factors are modifiable, so this data could help health care professionals to develop targeted refractive error control policies for the population of students in medical field & insure the policies are more rational, useful, and effective.
Healthcare service quality measurement towards successful implementation of intervention strategies in three Namibian public healthcares facilities: a deterministic framework
Authors: Shopati Abner Kukeyinge , Mitonga Kabwebwe Honore , Aipinge Lydia Penomuntu 
Published: January 2018

Background: Implementation science has advanced towards improved use of theoretical tactics to provide better understanding and explanation of how and why implementation succeeds or fails. The aim of the study is to develop a deterministic framework for the successful measurement of healthcare service quality in public healthcare organisations, focusing on the staff member’s satisfaction level with 2009 - 2013 strategic decisions implementation in the three Namibian Public healthcares. Methods: The research utilized quantitative approach, a survey design and questionnaire was employed to collect data. The study used Gaskin’s CFA/SEM procedure and applies the SPSS 23 AMOS plugins, Pattern Matrix Model Builder”(PMMB), “Master Validity”(MV), “Model fit measures”(MFM) to validate and determine the interrelationships between variables. A quantitative interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach was used within an action implementation framework (AIF). This study employed three models that complied with the action implementation framework’s dual roles. The EIS model provided the hands on support to implementing strategy role by retrospectively focusing on the 2009-2013 MoHSS Strategic plan implementations. While, the ISF model and IFF models were used to identify the determinants for its evaluation. Results: The study found no direct link between PHOs and the public sector institutions in implementing strategic plans. However, there is 1:2 mediation effect facilitated by the MoHSS and the PHOs are responsible for implementing 33% of the mandates of the Ministry of Health and Social Services in Namibia. Conclusions: This study had demonstrated why strategic plans failed in the public sectors in Namibia in that the objectives in the plans were formulated without determining whether they had an effect or not on the implementation outcome.
Infections and reactions in leprosy: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Kalsy Jyotika , Kalra Riya Kaur 
Published: January 2018

<p>Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) is a chronic infectious disease caused by <em>Mycobacterium leprae</em>. It continues to be a public health problem in India, which contributes about 60% to the world leprosy burden. Leprosy patients when on treatment can develop either lepra reactions or reactions due to antileprosy drugs, also they can develop other infections endemic in their areas during the course of their disease. We are presenting such two cases where in one case patient on treatment with multibacillary multidrug therapy (MBMDT) developed fever, lympadenopathy and other systemic features during the course of therapy and was mistakenly diagnosed as type 2 lepra reaction but turned out to be a case of dapsone hypersensitivity. Similarly another case developed fever and other systemic features after 6 weeks of MBMDT, thinking it to dapsone syndrome his MBMDT pack was stopped but later it turned out to be a case of dengue.</p>
Clinical Profile of Neonatal Sepsis With Reference to Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Pathak Dr. Gargi , Chauhan Dr. Anuya , Nair Dr. Sruthi 
Published: January 2018

Introduction : Neonatal sepsis continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. It is 30 per 1000 live births in India. The prevalence is more in preterm neonates.
Objectives

To describe the clinical and bacteriological spectrum in early onset sepsis and late onset sepsis.
To describe the antibiotic resistance profile of bacteria causing early and late onset sepsis.
To compare the risk factors and bacteriological spectrum in early onset and late onset sepsis.

Setting: NICU of civil hospital Ahmedabad
Study period: June 2016 to December 2016
Design: retrospective cohort study
Methods: all neonate admitted in NICU of civil hospital Ahmedabad during the abovementioned period were assessed.
Inclusion criteria: presence of one or more of established clinical features like , (fever/hypothermia, poor feeding, poor activity, respiratory distress/apneic spells, hepatospleenomegaly, vomitting, abdominal distension, seizures, signs of either respiratory or circulatory dysfunction evidenced by tachycardia/bradycardia, capillary refill time>3 seconds,, respiratory rate>60/minute, chest indrawing and/or grunting)along with >_2 of the following laboratory criteria(total blood leukocyte count<5000 or>15000, absolute neutrophil count(ANC)<500 cells/mm3or >1500 cells/mm3,C reactive protein (CRP)>0.6microgram/ml, positive blood culture). Information assessed in a proforma. Cases were divided into early onset sepsis(EOS) (presenting in the first 72 hours) and late onset sepsis(LOS) (presenting after 72 hours). All cases were started on antibiotics and upgraded or stopped based on culture and sensitivity. Cases were followed to discharge/death.
Drug induced Stevens Johnsons Syndrome : a case report
Authors: Pathak Dr Gargi.H. , Chauhan Dr Anuya , Shukla Dr Dhriti 
Published: January 2018

Stevens Johnson syndrome is an acute self limited disease presenting with severe mucosal erosions with widespread erythematous, cutaneous macules or atypical targets .The majority of cases are drug induced affecting oral and perioral region.
A 3 year old male child presented with chief complaints of fever, cough, cold , breathlessness and extensive rashes on the skin of face , oral mucosa, neck, abdomen, erythema of conjunctiva , ulceration of eyelid and oral cavity. The reaction was evoked after consumption of tab oxcarbamezapine since 10 days . He was treated with corticosteroids , antimicrobial drugs and oral topical anesthetic agents. Health care providers must be careful regarding the adverse effects of drugs especially the allergic manifestations like anaphylaxis and Steven Johnson syndrome which are potentially fatal conditions. The most commonly and widely prescribed drug regimens should also be used judiciously and continuously monitored to prevent such a fatal adverse drug reaction.
An Application of the Decision Support Model to Louisiana’s Exports
Authors: Oluwade Bukola B. 
Published: January 2018

Recognizing the relevance of exportation to the development and growth of many nations, government and business entities- mainly in the Louisiana State, the policymakers and other key stakeholders should be devoting more time to expand its export opportunities for more revenue generation. This current study revolved around the Export Decision Support Model (EDSM) propounded by Viviers and Cuyvers (2012). The time series data was sourced from the United States Census Bureau (2016) survey on State exports from Louisiana. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the modification of the EDSM for the development of the Louisiana State Exportation. The EDSM is designed and modified purposely for the State of Louisiana to enable it identifies the various export opportunities. The study used a time-series data across a variety of export commodities and import countries available in the State of Louisiana from 2013 to 2016. Based on the data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the International trade data between 2013 and 2016, it was underscored that the State’s gross export accounted for 80.4% , while the net export estimated around 8.8% of the Louisiana’s GDP in 2016 with a strong focus across Asia, and Europe. The study recommend that policymakers should pay more attention to the prioritize export commodities outline in the study.
Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Isoenzim Aksesi Pamelo [Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.] Berbiji dan Tidak Berbiji
Authors: Rahayu Arifah , Susanto Slamet , Purwoko Bambang Sapto , Dewi Iswari Saraswati 
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi karakter morfologi dan biokimia dengan isoenzim aksesi pamelo berbiji dan tidak berbiji asal Sumedang, Kudus, Pati dan Magetan. Karakter morfologi yang berperan dalam pengelompokan aksesi pamelo adalah tebal epikarp, pinggiran helai daun, panjang kantong jus, warna kulit buah masak, lebar sayap daun dan bentuk buah, sedangkan karakter isoenzim adalah MDH (Rf 0.11 dan 0.14) dan ACP (Rf 0.24 dan 0.33). Pita ACP Rf 0.24 dapat dijadikan penanda untuk membedakan aksesi berbiji dan tidak berbiji. Dendrogram berdasarkan karakter morfologi memisahkan kelompok aksesi berbiji dan tidak berbiji pada koefisien kemiripan 0.63, dan berdasarkan isoenzim pada koefisien kemiripan 0.49. Dendrogram berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan isoenzim dapat membedakan antara aksesi berbiji, potensial tidak berbiji dan tidak berbiji. Hasil pemetaan komponen utama kongruen dengan dendrogram, yaitu dapat memisahkan aksesi berbiji maupun tidak berbiji, berdasarkan karakter morfologi, isoenzim maupun kombinasinya.
Management practices and corruption risks in water service delivery in Kenya and Ghana
Authors: Bellaubi Francesc , Boehm Frederic 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Water sector reform has brought considerable changes in organizations in Kenya and Ghana while the overall water service delivery (WSD) performance has remained low. The changes have also brought a shift in the balance of power between the different actors involved in WSD as well as a number of integrity issues at an institutional level in terms of corruption risks. The paper analyzes the power distribution between the main actors involved in WSD in terms of principals and agents, in relation to identified corruption risks and organizational structures at policy and regulatory, provision, and consumption WSD levels. The results identify different water control domains that are compared to management situations described in the literature but, according to the opinion of the authors, are considered insufficient to reflect on the empirical observations found in the three case studies in Kenya and two in Ghana. Furthermore, the authors suggest complementing management practice definitions with the findings of this research.
Domestic wastewater treatment by forward osmosis-membrane distillation (FO-MD) integrated system
Authors: Li Jie , Hou Deyin , Li Kuiling , Zhang Yong , Wang Jun , Zhang Xiwang 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this study, real domestic wastewater treatment by forward osmosis-membrane distillation (FO-MD) integrated system was investigated in laboratory scale. The integrated membrane system presented a good separation performance and the removal efficiency of most contaminants in the domestic wastewater was higher than 90%. High molecular weight contaminants were completely removed, while a few low molecular weight contaminants permeated through the membrane. The FO membrane fouling layer mainly consisted of organic substances like polysaccharides and proteins, and was very loose and could be effectively removed by rinsing the membrane surface with tap water. By comparison, the MD membrane fouling was mainly induced by inorganic salts and was not as severe as that of the FO membrane. During 120 h continuous operation, the FO-MD integrated system exhibited satisfying performance stability and maintained a high water yield and high product water quality. The results indicated the potential of the FO-MD integrated system for municipal wastewater treatment in coastal cities, water purification and desalination.
Constitutional Interpretation and a Theory of Evolutionary Originalism
Authors: Kirk Jeremy 
Published: January 2018

A Constitution cannot be applied without employing some theory of interpretation. An adequate theory—that is, a coherent method or approach—must address two fundamental, connected questions. In what sense are words in the text to be understood? How is ambiguity or uncertainty to be resolved? Resolution of these matters is logically prior to the determination of particular controversies.Of necessity, judges have provided some answers to these foundational questions. But the issues have only begun to attract significant express attention in recent times, particularly in light of developments relating to implied rights. This new-found concern is not surprising, for the further one moves from considering clear and direct stipulations of particular text, the more important one's interpretational approach becomes. The theory of constitutional interpretation employed affects both one's readiness to recognise implications, and the nature and age of the sources to which reference is made in so doing.
Taxes and Peer Effects
Authors: Bird Andrew , Edwards Alexander , Ruchti Thomas G. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
A growing literature examines how a firm's behavior impacts the behavior of its peers. In this paper, we examine how changes in tax paying, and the associated financial reporting, impact a firm's peers. Changes to tax paying and reporting behavior at other firms within a peer group can be affected by many of the same factors, such as industry-level tax policy changes or audit risk, so we make use of exogenous—to the peer firms—shocks to tax behavior. Following the methodology of Dyreng, Hanlon, and Maydew (2010), we estimate managerial tax avoidance fixed effects and use these to identify tax rate shocks associated with executive turnover. We find that peer firms respond to these shocks by changing their GAAP tax rates in the same direction. The magnitude of the effect corresponds to an approximately 10 percent response to the average change in peer group GAAP ETR. Our evidence suggests that these peer effects occur only for book (i.e., financial reporting), rather than cash (i.e., real effects), ETR and are concentrated in firms with potentially greater discretion in reporting taxes on foreign earnings.
JEL Classifications: H25; M41.
Data Availability: Data used in this study are available from public sources identified in the paper.
Headline Salience, Managerial Opportunism, and Over- and Underreactions to Earnings
Authors: Huang Xuan , Nekrasov Alexander , Teoh Siew Hong 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Limited attention theory predicts that higher salience of earnings news implies a stronger immediate market reaction to earnings news and a weaker post-earnings announcement drift (PEAD) or reversal (PEAR). Using a new measure, SALIENCE, defined as the number of quantitative items in an earnings press release headline, we find strong evidence consistent with salience effects. Higher SALIENCE is associated with stronger announcement reaction and subsequent PEAR. Managers are more likely to choose higher SALIENCE before selling shares in the post-announcement period and when earnings are high, but less persistent, and to choose lower SALIENCE before stock option grants. The results are robust to using residual salience and an extended set of control variables. The findings are consistent with managers opportunistically headlining positive financial information in the earnings press release to incite over-optimism in investors with limited attention.
Determinants of Auditor Going Concern Reporting in the Banking Industry
Authors: Masli Adi , Porter Christine , Scholz Susan 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARY
We develop and test a model of the determinants of going concern reporting for banks. Banks are an essential component of the economy, but most audit market studies exclude them because they have significant differences from other companies. Our model draws on banking literature and industry sources to identify bank-specific risk factors, including measures of capital adequacy, asset quality, liquidity, and regulatory concern. We find that regulatory sanctions are a significant determinant of going concern opinions along with low capitalization, poor loan quality, and declining customer deposits and that these are incremental to characteristics drawn from studies of other industries. Also, going concern reports anticipate bank failures and provide descriptive evidence regarding Type I and Type II errors. We shed light on the audit market for banks and add to the going concern literature by providing evidence on going concern reporting in this unique industry.
Desenvolvimento, alternativas de/ao desenvolvimento e a questão ambiental
Authors: Coradin Cristiane 
Published: January 2018

O desenvolvimento como crescimento econômico tem sido promovido por países ditos “desenvolvidos” como uma utopia a ser alcançada pelos países do sul, jamais alcançado. A questão ambiental emerge em contextos de crise desse modelo socioeconômico hegemônico e mediante tendências ao esgotamento dos recursos naturais em idos de 1970. As propostas apresentadas e assimiladas pela ONU e pela perspectiva hegemônica de desenvolvimento tem se mostrado insuficientes, mediante contextos de ampliação de desigualdades sociais, econômicas, culturais e políticas, e da criação de novos imperialismos, baseados em economias neoextrativistas, notadamente desde o sul. Esses contextos tem propiciado a emergência de teses alternativas de e ao desenvolvimento, envolvendo também a questão ambiental. O presente artigo é um estudo teórico, realizado através de revisão de literatura, e tem como objetivo discorrer e dialogar com as principais teses de desenvolvimento presentes na América Latina, contextualizando o modelo hegemônico, suas insuficiências, bem como dialogar com as propostas alternativas que foram e vem sendo construídas e assimiladas ao longo desse tempo, principalmente aquelas provindas desde olhares epistêmicos do sul, problematizando esse tema com a emergência e capacidade de resposta desses horizontes alternativos à questão ambiental.
MANAJEMEN MUTU KURIKULUM DAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Hidayat Moh Yusuf 
Published: January 2018

Dalam rangka pelaksanaan konsep manajemen ini, strategi yang dapat dilaksanakan oleh pemangku kebijakan
antara lain meliputi evaluasi diri untuk menganalisa kekuatan dan kelemahan kurikulum. Berdasarkan hasil
evaluasi tersebut sekolah bersama-sama orang tua dan masyarakat menentukan visi dan misi kurikulum dalam
peningkatan mutu pendidikan Manajemen alternatif ini memberikan kemandirian kepada peletak dasar,
pengembang dan pelaksana kurikulum sekolah untuk mengatur dirinya sendiri dalam rangka peningkatan mutu
pendidikan, tetapi masih tetap mengacu kepada kebijakan nasional. Setidaknya ada tiga hal yang harus
diperhatikan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu; pertama, pengembangan kurikulum tersebut harus memenuhi kebutuhan
siswa. Kedua, bagaimana mengembangkan keterampi-lan pengelolaan untuk menyajikan kurikulum tersebut
kepada siswa sedapat mungkin secara efektif dan efisien dengan memperhatikan sumber daya yang ada. Ketiga,
pengembangan berbagai pendekatan yang mampu mengatur perubahan sebagai fenomena alamiah di sekolah.

Kata kunci : kurikulum, manajemen, mutu, pendidikan, dan sekolah
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICA PARA A MATERNIDADE: UMA ANÁLISE DAS LICENÇAS POR MATERNIDADE E PATERNIDADE À LUZ DA IGUALDADE E DA SUSTENTABILIDADE SOCIAL
Authors: Véras Érika Do Amaral , Oliveira Flavia De Paiva Medeiros de 
Published: January 2018

Este artigo aborda o tema do direito à maternidade e o seu exercício no ambiente de trabalho, sob o prisma do princípio da igualdade e à luz da sustentabilidade social com a finalidade de proporcionar às mulheres condições de igualdade com o homem para o ingresso e permanência no mercado de trabalho, bem como para garantir que as novas formas família possam exercer o direito à convivência com os filhos.Abstract: This article addresses the issue of the right to maternity and its exercise in the workplace, under the prism of the principle of equality and in the light of social sustainability, in order to provide women with conditions of equality with men for entering and remaining in the workplace. Labor market, as well as to ensure that the new family forms can exercise the right to live with their children. KEYWORDS:Maternity; Public Policy; Equality; Social Sustainability; Licenses.