bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The local in the global: regions, employment systems and multinationals
Authors: Almond Phil , Gonzalez Maria C. , Lavelle Jonathan , Murray Gregor 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article examines how the international competition to attract and retain foreign direct investment shapes the governance of business and employment systems. Through an examination of global production networks and the changing role of the state in economic governance, it highlights the sub‐national regional space as an important level of institutional adaptation. Specifically, it explores how regions organise themselves to compete for inward investment, and the potential role of industrial relations actors within this. It argues that both research into multinational companies, and of the governance of employment systems more generally, need to incorporate an analysis of regional competition for productive investment more fully into their analysis.
Microscopy visualisation confirms multi‐species biofilms are ubiquitous in diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Johani Khalid , Malone Matthew , Jensen Slade , Gosbell Iain , Dickson Hugh , Hu Honhua , Vickery Karen 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIncreasing evidence within the literature has identified the presence of biofilms in chronic wounds and proposed that they contribute to delayed wound healing. This research aimed to investigate the presence of biofilm in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) using microscopy and molecular approaches and define if these are predominantly mono‐ or multi‐species. Secondary objectives were to correlate wound observations against microscopy results in ascertaining if clinical cues are useful in detecting wound biofilm. DFU tissue specimens were obtained from 65 subjects. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridisation (PNA‐FISH) techniques with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to visualise biofilm structures. Next‐generation DNA sequencing was performed to explore the microbial diversity. Clinical cues that included the presence of slough, excessive exudate, a gel material on the wound bed that reforms quickly following debridement, poor granulation and pyocyanin were correlated to microscopy results. Of the 65 DFU specimens evaluated by microscopy, all were characterised as containing biofilm (100%, P < 0·001). The presence of both mono‐species and multi‐species biofilms within the same tissue sections were detected, even when DNA sequencing analysis of DFU specimens revealed diverse polymicrobial communities. No clinical correlations were identified to aid clinicians in identifying wound biofilm. Microscopy visualisation, when combined with molecular approaches, confirms biofilms are ubiquitous in DFUs and form either mono‐ or multi‐species biofilms. Clinical cues to aid clinicians in detecting wound biofilm are not accurate for use in DFUs. A paradigm shift of managing DFUs needs to consider anti‐biofilm strategies.
COMBINING METHODS OF PEST CONTROL: COMPLEMENTARITY OF METHODS AND A GUIDING PRINCIPLE
Authors: Barclay Hugh J. 
Published: June 2017

Four sets of models are examined which represent various pairwise combinations of several methods of pest control. These methods involve the release of sterile male pests, the inundative release of parasitoids, insecticide application, pheromone trapping and food‐baited trapping with either insecticides or sterilants.It was observed that two pest control methods will combine synergistically, and thus be complimentary, if their optimal action is at different pest densities and varies differently with pest density. The synergism thus generated by differing dependence on density, can however, be obscured if the two control methods interfere with each other in some other way, as occurs for example with the use of both insecticides and inundative release of parasitoids.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE TWO‐DIMENSIONAL SPRUCE BUDWORM REACTION‐DIFFUSION EQUATION WITH DENSITY DEPENDENT DIFFUSION
Authors: Singh Manmohan , Easton Alan , Cui Gurong , Kozlova Irina 
Published: June 2017

The spruce budworm model is one of the interesting single species reaction‐diffusion problems describing insect dispersal behavior. In this paper, we investigate a two‐dimensional model with linear diffusion dependence and a convective wind.This system has been successfully solved using an operator splitting method for various domains and initial conditions. The numerical results show that populations can grow and diffuse in such a way as to produce steady state outbreak populations or steady state inhomogeneous spatial patterns in which they aggregate with low population densities.
Efficacy of ipragliflozin as monotherapy or as add‐on therapy with other oral antidiabetic medications for treating type 2 diabetes in Japanese patients with inadequate glycemic control: A subgroup analysis based on patient characteristics
Authors: Osonoi Takeshi , Nakamoto Shinya , Saito Miyoko , Tamasawa Atsuko , Ishida Hidenori , Osonoi Yusuke 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin in treating Japanese type 2 diabetes patients with inadequate glycemic control by investigating diurnal variations of blood glucose and body composition.Materials and MethodsThis was an investigator‐initiated, multicenter, prospective study with a 6‐month treatment period. The primary outcome investigated was change in hemoglobin A1c levels from baseline. Secondary outcomes included changes in fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance, variations in 24‐h glucose levels detected by continuous glucose monitoring, bodyweight, body composition, waist circumference and serum lipids. Adverse events were evaluated throughout the study.ResultsA total of 98 patients completed the study. Over the 6‐month period, ipragliflozin‐treated patients showed reduction in hemoglobin A1c levels by 0.3%, fasting plasma glucose levels by 13.0 mg/dL, bodyweight by 2.1 kg, body fat mass by 1.5 kg and extracellular water by 0.3 kg, as well as a decrease in systolic/diastolic blood pressures. Significant reductions from baseline in mean amplitude of glucose excursions and standard deviation, and the reduced frequency of hyperglycemia were confirmed. High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was also significantly improved. Notably, the subgroup analysis of hemoglobin A1c levels, bodyweight, waist circumference, and body composition based on age, sex and body mass index showed similar reductions within each subgroup. The incidences of adverse events and adverse drug reactions were 20.0% and 1.0%, respectively, over the 6‐month period.ConclusionsIpragliflozin is a useful oral antidiabetic medication for patients with a wide range of background characteristics.
The Holocaust: Commemorated but not remembered? Post‐colonial and post‐traumatic perspectives on the reception of the Holocaust memory discourse in Poland
Authors: Kapralski Slawomir 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe argument focuses on the reception of the globalized narrative of the Holocaust in the regional memories of East‐Central Europe, in particular Poland. It is argued that this narrative has not been successfully integrated into the regional memory, partly because of the narrative's own deficiencies and partly due to the specific nature of the way in which regional memories have been produced. Instead, it has contributed to the split of collective and social memories in the region as well as to further fragmentation of each of these two kinds of memory. In result we may say that in post‐communist Poland the Holocaust has been commemorated on the level of official institutions, rituals of memory, and elitist discourses, but not necessarily remembered on the level of social memory. It is claimed that to understand this phenomenon we should put the remembrance and commemoration of the Holocaust in the context of the post‐communist transformation, in which the memory of the Holocaust has been constructed rather than retrieved in the process of re‐composition of identities that faced existential insecurity. The non‐Jewish Poles, who in the 1990s experienced the structural trauma of transformation, turned to the past not to learn the truth but to strengthen the group's sense of continuity in time. In this process many of them perceived the cosmopolitan Holocaust narrative as an instrument of the economic/cultural colonization of Eastern Europe in which the historical suffering of the non‐Jewish East Europeans is not properly recognized. Thus the elitist efforts to reconnect with the European discourse and to critically examine one's own identity has clashed with the mainstream's politics of mnemonic security as part of the strategy of collective immortalization that contributed to the development of antagonistic memories and deepened social cleavage.
Ecophenotypic responses of benthic foraminifera to oxygen availability along an oxygen gradient in the California Borderland
Authors: Keating‐Bitonti Caitlin R. , Payne Jonathan L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSpatial variation in environmental conditions can elicit predictable size and morphological responses in marine organisms through influences on physiology. Thus, spatial and temporal variation in marine organism size and shape are often used to infer paleoenvironmental conditions, such as dissolved oxygen concentrations. Benthic foraminifera commonly serve as a tool for reconstructing past ocean oxygen levels. For example, benthic foraminiferal species assemblages, within‐ and among‐species patterns of test morphology, and geochemical analyses of carbonate tests are often employed to reconstruct past marine conditions. In this study, we measured the sizes and shapes of modern foraminifera representing four species that inhabit a steep oxygen gradient in the Santa Monica Basin on the Southern California Borderland with the aim of quantifying the influence of oxygen availability on foraminiferal morphology, both within and among species. Most foraminifera rely on aerobic respiration, but the four benthic foraminifera from the Santa Monica Basin do not show the predicted size and morphological responses to variations in dissolved oxygen concentrations based on first principles of cell physiology: Bolivina spissa shows no volume or volume‐to‐surface area response, Uvigerina peregrina increases in both test volume and volume‐to‐surface area ratio with decreasing dissolved oxygen concentrations, and both Bolivina argentea and Loxostomum pseudobeyrichi decrease in test volume, but only L. pseudobeyrichi shows a decrease in test volume‐to‐surface area ratio with decreasing oxygen concentrations as expected from physiological predictions. These findings imply that the morphological responses of individual foraminiferal species are not necessarily representative of the responses of other foraminiferal species within the community. Our findings further suggest that these species use physiological strategies such as depressed metabolic rates and alternative energy metabolisms to persist in low oxygen environments and, therefore, cannot be used in any simple way as paleo‐oxygen indicators. Should Proterozoic (1,000–542 million years ago) protists have possessed metabolic strategies similar to foraminifera, the sizes and shapes of protists in the fossil record may not usefully constrain ambient oxygen conditions during the appearance and initial taxonomic radiation of heterotrophic eukaryotes.
Mechanobehaviour in dolichofacial and brachyfacial adolescents
Authors: Nickel J. C. , Weber A. L. , Covington Riddle P. , Liu Y. , Liu H. , Iwasaki L. R. 
Published: June 2017

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo test whether mechanobehaviour (temporomandibular joint (TMJ) loads, jaw muscle use) was different between facial types and correlated with ramus height (Condylion‐Gonion, mm).Setting and Sample PopulationUniversity of Missouri‐Kansas City (UMKC) Orthodontic Clinic. Ten dolichofacial and ten brachyfacial adolescents (Sella‐Nasion–Gonion‐Gnathion (SN‐GoGn) angles ≥37° and ≤27°, respectively) consented to participate.Materials and MethodsNumerical models calculated TMJ loads for a range of static biting based on subjects’ three‐dimensional anatomy. Subjects were trained to record jaw muscle electromyography (EMG) over 2 days and 2 nights in their natural environments. Laboratory EMG/bite‐force calibrations determined subject‐specific EMG for 20 N bite‐force (T20Nave). Jaw muscle use via duty factors (DF=muscle activity duration/total recording time, %) was determined from day and night recordings for muscle‐specific thresholds from ≥5% to ≥80%T20Nave. ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post hoc tests assessed for group differences in mechanobehaviour (TMJ loads, DFs). Regression modelling correlated subjects’ normalized TMJ loads, DFs and ramus height.ResultsDolichofacial compared to brachyfacial subjects produced significantly higher (P<.05) TMJ loads, where ipsilateral loads were ≥20% larger for some biting angles, but had significantly less (all P<.05) masseter (day, night) and temporalis (night) DFs. Regression analysis showed a significant relationship amongst normalized TMJ loads, masseter DF and ramus height (R2=.49).ConclusionsMechanobehaviour showed significant differences between facial types and was correlated with ramus height.
Effects of cocoa‐enriched diet on orofacial pain in a murine model
Authors: Bowden L. N. , Rohrs E. L. , Omoto K. , Durham P. L. , Holliday L. S. , Morris A. D. , Allen K. D. , Caudle R. M. , Neubert J. K. 
Published: June 2017

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo investigate and discuss the effects of cocoa on orofacial pain.Setting and Sample PopulationThe Department of Orthodontics at the University of Florida (UF). Male and female hairless rats (N=20/group) were tested.Materials and MethodsRats were tested using the Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) before and after changing their food from the standard chow to a cocoa‐enriched or control‐equivalent diet.ResultsMale rats fed the cocoa diet had a significantly higher operant pain index when tested at 37°C as compared to control diet‐fed animals. Female rats on the cocoa diet had a significantly higher pain index when tested at 18°C and 44°C, as compared to animals fed the control diet. Capsaicin‐induced pain was inhibited, with cocoa‐diet male rats having a significantly higher pain index than control‐diet male rats and cocoa‐diet female rats at both 37°C and 44°C. Cocoa‐diet female rats had a significantly higher pain index at 44°C than control‐diet females. Mechanical sensitivity was affected following capsaicin cream, with a significantly decreased tolerated bottle distance in both cocoa‐ and control‐diet animals, but there was no difference between cocoa‐ and control‐diet groups.ConclusionUsing the OPAD operant system, we demonstrated that a diet rich in cocoa was effective in inhibiting neurogenic inflammatory pain in rats. This has implications for the use of novel alternative therapies such as diet modification for pain control.
Childhood exposure to constricted living space: a possible environmental threat for myopia development
Authors: Choi Kai Yip , Yu Wing Yan , Lam Christie Hang I , Li Zhe Chuang , Chin Man Pan , Lakshmanan Yamunadevi , Wong Francisca Siu Yin , Do Chi Wai , Lee Paul Hong , Chan Henry Ho Lung 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposePeople in Hong Kong generally live in a densely populated area and their homes are smaller compared with most other cities worldwide. Interestingly, East Asian cities with high population densities seem to have higher myopia prevalence, but the association between them has not been established. This study investigated whether the crowded habitat in Hong Kong is associated with refractive error among children.MethodsIn total, 1075 subjects [Mean age (S.D.): 9.95 years (0.97), 586 boys] were recruited. Information such as demographics, living environment, parental education and ocular status were collected using parental questionnaires. The ocular axial length and refractive status of all subjects were measured by qualified personnel.ResultsOcular axial length was found to be significantly longer among those living in districts with a higher population density (F2,1072 = 6.15, p = 0.002) and those living in a smaller home (F2,1072 = 3.16, p = 0.04). Axial lengths were the same among different types of housing (F3,1071 = 1.24, p = 0.29). Non‐cycloplegic autorefraction suggested a more negative refractive error in those living in districts with a higher population density (F2,1072 = 7.88, p < 0.001) and those living in a smaller home (F2,1072 = 4.25, p = 0.02). After adjustment for other confounding covariates, the population density and home size also significantly predicted axial length and non‐cycloplegic refractive error in the multiple linear regression model, while axial length and refractive error had no relationship with types of housing.ConclusionsAxial length in children and childhood refractive error were associated with high population density and small home size. A constricted living space may be an environmental threat for myopia development in children.
Meaningfulness as Contribution
Authors: Martela Frank 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article aims to offer a refined way of understanding what we mean by the concepts of meaningfulness and meaning in life. The first step is to separate worthwhileness, as the broadest evaluation of life taking all types of values into account, from meaningfulness, which is seen as one type of intrinsic value along with, for example, well‐being, moral praiseworthiness, and authenticity, which I argue are also separate types of intrinsic value. After discussing why we should not settle with the currently popular fitting attitudes analysis of meaningfulness, I argue that the meaningfulness of a life should be seen to be about the positive contribution beyond itself that this particular life is able to make. I show how this analysis is different from previous similar accounts and how it is able to avoid a number of challenges that have troubled these previous accounts, such as the pleasure machine challenge, the results machine challenge, and the doing good unintentionally challenge. I also demonstrate how it is able to account for prototypical examples of meaningful and meaningless lives and how it is compatible with subjectivism, supernaturalism, and objective naturalism, which is seen as a merit. Finally, I conclude with some notes about what could make life meaningful, given the current analysis of meaningfulness itself.
Ahistorical Teleosemantics: An Alternative to Nanay
Authors: Bauer Mark 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe dominant view in teleosemantics is that semantic functions are historically determined. That reliance on history has been subject to repeated criticism. To sidestep such criticisms, Nanay has recently offered an ahistorical alternative that swaps out historical properties for modal properties. Nanay's ahistorical modal alternative suffers, I think, serious problems of its own. I suggest here another ahistorical alternative for teleosemantics. The motivation for both the historical view and Nanay's is to provide a naturalistic basis to characterize some item as possessing a function independent of its actual performance and, thereby, provide a grip on intentional inexistence and misrepresentation. I suggest that attending to the logic of mechanistic explanation suffices to provide the sought for naturalistic basis. The key advantage to the approach offered here is its relative parsimony: unlike its alternatives, it requires no substantive existential commitments, for example, commitments to natural selection, copying relations, or fitness‐enhancing modal properties, to naturalize semantic content.
Production of New Creative Knowledge in a Local Developing Economy: The Case of Puerto Vallarta
Authors: Valdivia Marcos , Macip Ricardo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper proposes an agent‐based model (ABM) that combines ethnographic and economic methods to analyse how the social interaction between creative actors generates new creative knowledge. The chosen case of study is Puerto Vallarta, a sun and beach international destination in Mexico. Puerto Vallarta contains, potentially, many of the key elements that are discussed in the literature on creative economy. Our methodological strategy identifies ethnographically types of knowledge that are associated with a standard typology of creative industries in a city. The model is evaluated by simulations of agents engaged in producing ideas based on these types of knowledge either collectively or individually. Among the main findings are the presence of ‘elevated common knowledge’ between creative agents (which can be an important constraint for rising creativity) and that mixed behaviour of knowledge production (collective and individual) can boost better the production of ideas in Puerto Vallarta. Finally, we claim that the proposed methodology can be extended to and implemented in other similar contexts.
Textese and Singlish in multiparty chats
Authors: ONG KENNETH KENG WEE 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTPrior research has shown that orthographic Singlish often occurs with textese features in asynchronous Internet registers. This article presents findings from multiparty chats among Singapore youths, which suggest that a principle of decipherability governs the textisms based on standardized Singapore English and Singlish. Most textisms were contractive due to the pressure to abbreviate messages to keep up with the rapidity of multiparty chats, although orthographic Singlish was largely not abbreviated. The results indicate that the preponderance of abbreviation in standardized Singapore English and the relative dearth of abbreviation may be explained by the effects of ‘abbreviation asymmetry’ as an enregistered variable distinguishing the two Englishes.