bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale data analysis on aviation accident database using different data mining techniques
Authors: Christopher A.B. Arockia , Vivekanandam V. Shunmughavel , Anderson A.B. Antony , Markkandeyan S. , Sivakumar V. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTData mining is an iterative process in which progress is defined by discovery through either automatic or manual methods. A data cleaning procedure is proposed to improve the quality of classification tasks in the knowledge discovery process by taking into account both redundant and conflicting data. The redundancy check is performed on the original dataset and the resultant dataset is preserved. This resultant dataset is then checked for conflicting data and, if any are found, they are corrected and updated on the original aircraft dataset. This updated dataset is then classified using a variety of classifiers such as Bayes, functions, lazy, MISC, rules and decision trees. The performance of the updated datasets on these classifiers is examine, and the result shows a significant improvement in the classification accuracy after redundancy and conflicts are removed. The conflicts after correction are updated in the original dataset, and when the performance of the classifier is evaluated, great improvement is observed. This paper aims to address how data mining techniques can be used to understand complex system accidents in the aviation domain. Decision trees are considered to be the one of the most powerful and popular approaches in knowledge discovery and data mining. The objective is to develop a classification model for aviation risk investigation and reduction using a decision tree induction method that enhances the ability to form decision trees and thereby proves that the classification accuracy of decision trees is greater. Different feature selectors are used in this study in order to reduce the number of initial attributes.
Variable Viscosity Effect on MHD Peristaltic Flow of Pseudoplastic Fluid in a Tapered Asymmetric Channel
Authors: Hayat T. , Iqbal R. , Tanveer A. , Alsaedi A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractInfluence of variable viscosity the peristaltic flow of pseudoplastic fluid in a tapered channel is discussed. The effects of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) are also studied. Asymmetric channel is considered. The relevant problem is first formulated and then non-dimensionalized. The nonlinear different system subject to lubrication approach is solved. Expressions for pressure gradient, pressure rise and velocity are constructed. Graphs reflecting the variations of sundry parameters on pressure rise and velocity are examined. Trapping and pumping phenomena are also studied.
Minimizing Artificial Stiffness in Linear Tetrahedral Element Using Virtual Mesh Refinement
Authors: Waluyo S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis work presents a new method to minimize artificial stiffness in linear tetrahedral element using virtual mesh refinement (VRM) method. The basic idea behind this work is to give additional degree of freedom by using internal mesh over the linear tetrahedral element. This local internal mesh and its corresponding equilibrium condition under particular boundary condition are invisible to users or virtual. Using specialized displacement test vectors, strain energy is obtained and used to calculate reduction factor for artificial stiffness. Numerical experiments are performed at the end to briefly qualitatively show performance of our proposed method.
The great spruce bark beetle (Dendroctonus micansKug.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Lithuania: occurrence, phenology, morphology and communities of associated fungi
Authors: Menkis A. , Lynikienė J. , Marčiulynas A. , Gedminas A. , Povilaitienė A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe studied the occurrence, morphology and phenology ofDendroctonus micansin Lithuania and the fungi associated with the beetle at different developmental stages. The occurrence ofD. micanswas assessed in 19 seed orchards (at least 40 years old) ofPicea abies(L. Karst.) situated in different parts of the country. Bark beetle phenology was studied in two sites: a seed orchard ofP. abiesand a plantation ofPicea pungens(Engelm.).D. micansmorphology was assessed under the dissection microscope using individuals at different developmental stages that were sampled during phenology observations. Communities of fungi associated withD. micanswere studied using both fungal culturing methods and direct high-throughput sequencing fromD. micans. Results showed that the incidenceD. micanswas relatively rare andD. micanswas mainly detected in central and eastern Lithuania. The life cycle included the following stages: adult, egg, I–V developmental stage larvae and pupa. However, development ofD. micanswas quicker and its nests larger under the bark ofP. pungensthan ofP. abies, indicating the effect of the host species. Fungal culturing and direct high-throughput sequencing revealed thatD. micansassociated fungi communities were species rich and dominated by yeasts from a class Saccharomycetes. In total, 319 fungal taxa were sequenced, among whichPeterozyma toletana(37.5% of all fungal sequences),Yamadazyma scolyti(30.0%) andKuraishia capsulate(17.7%) were the most common. Plant pathogens and blue stain fungi were also detected suggesting their potentially negative effects to both tree health and timber quality.
Afit: a bioinformatic tool for measuring aphid fitness and invasiveness
Authors: Nardelli A. , Peona V. , Toschi A. , Mandrioli M. , Manicardi G.C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA careful measure of fitness represents a crucial target in crop pest management and becomes fundamental considering extremely prolific insects. In the present paper, we describe a standardized rearing protocol and a bioinformatics tool to calculate aphid fitness indices and invasiveness starting from life table data. We tested the protocol and the bioinformatic tool using six Myzus persicae (Sulzer) asexual lineages in order to investigate if karyotype rearrangements and ecotype could influence their reproductive performances. The tool showed that different karyotypes do not influence adaptive success and put in evidence a marked invasive potential of the M. persicae lineage 64. The presence of a similar fitness rate of 33H and 7GK asexual lineages (both possessing intra-individual karyotype variations) in respect to the asexual lineage 1 (with a standard karyotype) represents an important demonstration of the potentiality of holocentric chromosomes to reduce the effects of chromosome rearrangements.
To “Mother” or not to “Mother”: The Representative Roles of Women Judges in Ghana
Authors: Dawuni Josephine J 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFeminist scholars have debated questions of gender and judging by focusing on variables such as representation, difference, diversity and legitimacy. While illuminating, most of these studies are by scholars in the global north. More research is needed to understand issues of gender and judging in the global south. This article adds to existing literature by asking whether women judges promote women's rights. Through in-depth interviews with women judges in Ghana, the article demonstrates that women judges do promote women's rights. The article presents a new method of analysis: exploring the dichotomy betweendirect and indirectmodes of representing women's rights. Recognizing the importance of substantive representation and the contributions of female judges in promoting women's rights, it argues that female judges are not a sufficient condition for promoting women's rights. Necessary conditions include laws guaranteeing women's rights, working partnerships with women's civil society organizations and an enabling socio-cultural climate.
Effect of enhanced biosecurity and selected on-farm factors onCampylobactercolonization of chicken broilers
Authors: GEORGIEV M. , BEAUVAIS W. , GUITIAN J. 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYHuman campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported gastrointestinal bacterial infection in the EU; poultry meat has been identified as the main source of infection. We tested the hypothesis that enhanced biosecurity and other factors such as welfare status, breed, the practice of partial depopulation and number of empty days between flocks may preventCampylobacterspp. caecal colonization of poultry batches at high levels (>123 000 c.f.u./g in pooled caecal samples). We analysed data from 2314 poultry batches sampled at slaughter in the UK in 2011–2013. We employed random-effects logistic regression to account for clustering of batches within farms and adjust for confounding. We estimated population attributable fractions using adjusted risk ratios. Enhanced biosecurity reduced the odds of colonization at partial depopulation [odds ratio (OR) 0·25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·14–0·47] and, to a lesser extent, at final depopulation (OR 0·47, 95% CI 0·25–0·89). An effect of the type of breed was also found. Under our assumptions, approximately 1/3 of highly colonized batches would be avoided if they were all raised under enhanced biosecurity or without partial depopulation. The results of the study indicate that on-farm measures can play an important role in reducing colonization of broiler chickens withCampylobacterspp. and as a result human exposure.
Comparative dynamics, seasonality in transmission, and predictability of childhood infections in Mexico
Authors: MAHMUD A. S. , METCALF C. J. E. , GRENFELL B. T. 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYThe seasonality and periodicity of infections, and the mechanisms underlying observed dynamics, can have implications for control efforts. This is particularly true for acute childhood infections. Among these, the dynamics of measles is the best understood and has been extensively studied, most notably in the UK prior to the start of vaccination. Less is known about the dynamics of other childhood diseases, particularly outside Europe and the United States. In this paper, we leverage a unique dataset to examine the epidemiology of six childhood infections – measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, scarlet fever and pertussis – across 32 states in Mexico from 1985 to 2007. This dataset provides us with a spatio-temporal probe into the dynamics of six common childhood infections, and allows us to compare them in the same setting over the same time period. We examine three key epidemiological characteristics of these infections – the age profile of infections, spatio-temporal dynamics, and seasonality in transmission – and compare them with predictions from existing theory and past findings. Our analysis reveals interesting epidemiological differences between the six pathogens, and variations across space. We find signatures of term-time forcing (reduced transmission during the summer) for measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, and scarlet fever; for pertussis, a lack of term-time forcing could not be rejected.
Methodological considerations for research on ethnopolitical violence
Authors: Little Todd D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe methodological and epistemological challenges that research on ethnopolitical violence faces are examined. This research area is fundamentally important for political reasons and for understanding, as well as subsequent interventions to ameliorate, youths’ responses to ethnopolitical violence. Advances in methods are reviewed that can overcome the obstacles placed by the various challenges. These issues are discussed in the context of the articles that comprise this Special Section.
Early germinal vesicle breakdown is a predictor of high preimplantation developmental competent oocytes in mice
Authors: Higaki Shogo , Kishi Masao , Koyama Keisuke , Nagano Masashi , Katagiri Seiji , Takada Tatsuyuki , Takahashi Yoshiyuki 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe preselection of highly developmentally competent oocytes forin vitromaturation (IVM) is crucial for improving assisted reproductive technology. Although several intrinsic markers of oocyte quality are known to be closely related to the onset of nuclear maturation (germinal vesicle break down, GVBD), a direct comparison between GVBD timing and oocyte quality has never been reported. In this study, we established a non-invasive oocyte evaluation method based on GVBD timing for preselecting more developmental competent oocytes in mice. Because the O2concentration during IVM may affect the nuclear kinetics, all experiments were performed under two distinct O2concentrations: 20% and 5% O2. First, we determined the time course of changes in nuclear maturation and preimplantation developmental competence ofin vitro-matured oocytes to estimate GVBD timing in high developmental competent oocytes. Two-thirds of oocytes that underwent GVBD in early IVM seemed to mainly contribute to the blastocyst yield. To confirm this result, we compared the preimplantation developmental competence of the early and late GVBD oocytes. Cleavage and blastocyst formation rates of early GVBD oocytes (80.2% and 52.7% under 20% O2, respectively, and 67.6% and 47.3% under 5% O2, respectively) were almost double those of late GVBD oocytes (44.8% and 26.0% under 20% O2, respectively, and 40.4% and 17.9% under 5% O2, respectively). With no observable alterations by checking the timing of GVBD in preimplantation developmental competence, oocyte evaluation based on GVBD timing can be used as an efficient and non-invasive preselection method for high developmental competent oocytes.
THE DIVERSITY OF INTEGRATION IN A MULTIETHNIC METROPOLIS
Authors: Krysan Maria , Carter Courtney , van Londen Marieke 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlthough there is little debate that Census data reveal declines in standard measures of segregation over the past several decades, depending on who you ask, racial residential segregation is either just about gone or is stubbornly persistent. In this study, we draw attention to how the murkiness in the conceptualization of what has replaced ‘segregation’ and the related question of what integration is, contributes to this disagreement. Through an analysis of attitudes toward racially integrated neighborhoods, we demonstrate the pitfalls of our lack of consistency and clarity about the conceptual and operational definition of integration. Our analysis reveals the diversity of attitudes toward integrated communities—depending on who is asked, and what kind of integration is considered—and points to a fragility of commitment to the ideals of integration. We do this by using an innovative survey dataset that includes both open and closed-ended questions asked of a large probability sample of Whites, African Americans, and Latinos living in the Chicago metropolitan area. The survey asked individuals to describe their ideal neighborhood racial/ethnic composition and explain why it was ideal; they were then asked to describe (and explain) their least desired neighborhood racial/ethnic composition. Juxtaposing the results, we reveal that integration is both enthusiastically endorsed and much maligned—even within the same person—and that whether it is good or bad very much depends on the type of integration. We argue that appreciating the diversity of integration attitudes is critical if we are to develop a more nuanced understanding of future patterns of residential stratification in our increasingly diverse nation.
The determinants of defensive medicine practices in Belgium
Authors: Vandersteegen Tom , Marneffe Wim , Cleemput Irina , Vandijck Dominique , Vereeck Lode 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn 2010 the Belgian government introduced a low cost administrative procedure for compensating medical injuries to overcome the major shortcomings of the existing tort system. This paper examines, for the first time, to what extent this reform had an impact on physician specialists’ defensive practices and what are the relevant determinants affecting physicians’ clinical decision making. Based on a survey of 508 physicians, we find evidence of a relatively modest increase in defensive practices among physicians in various specialties. In general, 14% of the respondents, who were aware of the reform, reported to have increased their overall defensive behaviour, while respectively 18 and 13% altered their assurance and avoidance behaviour. Commonly used physician characteristics, such as claims experience and gender, have a similar impact on defensive medicine as documented in existing literature. Furthermore, the determinant physician’s access to an incident reporting system is found to have a significant impact on most of the defensive medicine measures. Health care institutions may therefore play an important role in controlling and reducing physicians’ defensive practices.
Validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey on a Representative Sample of Dominican Teachers: Normative Data
Authors: Tomás José M. , de los Santos Saturnino , Alonso-Andres Alicia , Fernández Irene 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBurnout is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment (Bakke, Demerouti, & Sanz-Vergel, 2014). Several instruments for its measurement exist, but the most widely used scale for measuring its dimensions, by far, is the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) in its different versions. Among the available versions of the scale, the MBI-General Survey was developed to measure three dimensions of burnout (cynicism, personal accomplishment, and emotional exhaustion) regardless of the type of work. The aim of this research is to offer evidence on the psychometric properties of the MBI-GS for its use in the Dominican Republic and other Caribbean Spanish-speaking countries, using representative sample of Dominican teachers. The factorial validity was studied through confirmatory factor analysis. Several competing models were proved in order to test the dimensionality of the scale. The confirmatory analyses shown that the original three-factor structure had a superior fit, but item eleven was removed in order to get an excellent fit χ2(87) = 211.19,p< .001, CFI = .98, RMSEA = .038 90% CI [.032–.045]. Regarding internal consistency, the CRI´s are well above the cut-off criteria of .7 (CRI’s ranged from .74 to .86). Concerning criterion-related validity, the three factors were correlated in the expected direction. Professional efficacy, a dimension of burnout measured in the opposite direction, was positively correlated with the three factors of work engagement, also as expected. This version was found to be a psychometrically sound measure of the three core dimensions of burnout.
An intrinsic agonist mechanism for activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor by its extracellular domain
Authors: Yin Yanting , Zhou X Edward , Hou Li , Zhao Li-Hua , Liu Bo , Wang Gaihong , Jiang Yi , Melcher Karsten , Xu H Eric 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is a class B G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays key roles in glucose metabolism and is a major therapeutic target for diabetes. The classic two-domain model for class B GPCR activation proposes that the apo-state receptor is auto-inhibited by its extracellular domain, which physically interacts with the transmembrane domain. The binding of the C-terminus of the peptide hormone to the extracellular domain allows the N-terminus of the hormone to insert into the transmembrane domain to induce receptor activation. In contrast to this model, here we demonstrate that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor can be activated by N-terminally truncated glucagon-like peptide-1 or exendin-4 when fused to the receptor, raising the question regarding the role of N-terminal residues of peptide hormone in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation. Mutations of cysteine 347 to lysine or arginine in intracellular loop 3 transform the receptor into a G protein-biased receptor and allow it to be activated by a nonspecific five-residue linker that is completely devoid of exendin-4 or glucagon-like peptide-1 sequence but still requires the presence of an intact extracellular domain. Moreover, the extracellular domain can activate the receptor in trans in the presence of an intact peptide hormone, and specific mutations in three extracellular loops abolished this extracellular domain trans-activation. Together, our data reveal a dominant role of the extracellular domain in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation and support an intrinsic agonist model of the extracellular domain, in which peptide binding switches the receptor from the auto-inhibited state to the auto-activated state by releasing the intrinsic agonist activity of the extracellular domain.
Phase transformation strengthening of high-temperature superalloys
Authors: Smith T. M. , Esser B. D. , Antolin N. , Carlsson A. , Williams R. E. A. , Wessman A. , Hanlon T. , Fraser H. L. , Windl W. , McComb D. W. , Mills M. J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDecades of research has been focused on improving the high-temperature properties of nickel-based superalloys, an essential class of materials used in the hot section of jet turbine engines, allowing increased engine efficiency and reduced CO2 emissions. Here we introduce a new ‘phase-transformation strengthening’ mechanism that resists high-temperature creep deformation in nickel-based superalloys, where specific alloying elements inhibit the deleterious deformation mode of nanotwinning at temperatures above 700 °C. Ultra-high-resolution structure and composition analysis via scanning transmission electron microscopy, combined with density functional theory calculations, reveals that a superalloy with higher concentrations of the elements titanium, tantalum and niobium encourage a shear-induced solid-state transformation from the γ′ to η phase along stacking faults in γ′ precipitates, which would normally be the precursors of deformation twins. This nanoscale η phase creates a low-energy structure that inhibits thickening of stacking faults into twins, leading to significant improvement in creep properties.
Inhibition of glycine transporter-1 in the dorsal vagal complex improves metabolic homeostasis in diabetes and obesity
Authors: Yue Jessica T. Y. , Abraham Mona A. , Bauer Paige V. , LaPierre Mary P. , Wang Peili , Duca Frank A. , Filippi Beatrice M. , Chan Owen , Lam Tony K. T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractImpaired glucose homeostasis and energy balance are integral to the pathophysiology of diabetes and obesity. Here we show that administration of a glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) inhibitor, or molecular GlyT1 knockdown, in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) suppresses glucose production, increases glucose tolerance and reduces food intake and body weight gain in healthy, obese and diabetic rats. These findings provide proof of concept that GlyT1 inhibition in the brain improves glucose and energy homeostasis. Considering the clinical safety and efficacy of GlyT1 inhibitors in raising glycine levels in clinical trials for schizophrenia, we propose that GlyT1 inhibitors have the potential to be repurposed as a treatment of both obesity and diabetes.