bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A benchmark survey of the common plants of South Northumberland and Durham, United Kingdom
Authors: Groom Quentin , Durkin John , O'Reilly John , Mclay Andy , Richards A , Angel Janet , Horsley Angela , Rogers Megs , Young Gordon 
Published: December 2015

It is obvious to anyone studying plants in the landscape that man-made environmental change is having profound effects on the abundance, distribution and composition of plant communities. Nevertheless, quantifying these changes and estimating the impact of the different drivers of change is extremely difficult. Botanical surveying can potentially provide insights to the changes that are occurring and inform decisions related to conservation, agriculture and forestry policy. However, much of botanical surveying is conducted in such a way that it is not comparable between dates and places. Any comparison of historical and modern data has to account for biases in the recording of different taxonomic groups, geographic biases and varying surveying effort in time. In 2010 botanical recorders in the Vice Counties of Durham and South Northumberland in the United Kingdom decided to conduct a four year survey specifically to benchmark the abundance and distribution of common plants in their counties. It is intended that this survey will provide a relatively unbiased assessment with which to compare future and past surveys of the area and a means to study the drivers of biodiversity change in the North-east of England.
This survey of Durham and South Northumberland has been designed with two goals, firstly to provide information on common vascular plant species and secondly to provide a dataset that will be versatile with respect to the sorts of questions that can be answered with the data. The survey is primarily an occupancy study of 1km2 grid squares, however, observers were also asked to provide a relative abundance estimate of the species in each grid square. The collection of relative abundance estimate data was an experiment to assess the repeatablity and useablity of such estimates.
La prescription de psychotropes chez l’enfant : obstacles et motivations
Authors: Monloubou Céline , Forgeard Louis , Villand Anne , Peuch-Lestrade Jean , Gansel Yannis 
Published: December 2015

Cet article a pour objet l’analyse des facteurs spécifiques impliqués dans la prescription des psychotropes pour enfants. Notre travail s’est construit à partir d’une étude qualitative auprès de neuf soignants de trois centres de jour pour enfants. Cette étude porte sur leurs représentations de la prescription du psychotrope aux enfants. Un invariant est ressorti de cette étude : le principe selon lequel la chimiothérapie ne doit être utilisée qu’en dernier recours. Cette idée peut être rattachée à des fantasmes angoissants de maltraitance de l’enfant et de condamnation à un avenir asilaire, qui constituent plutôt un obstacle à la prescription. Pour autant, la violence que renvoie dans certains cas la symptomatologie de l’enfant et le contre-transfert qu’il suscite chez le soignant motivent l’usage de la prescription, bien plus que tout rattachement théorique. La question de la prescription vient donc à la fois révéler la contre-violence du soignant tout en la mettant à distance.
Evaluation of relationship of hand wrist radiograph, cervical vertebral maturation with mandibular growth as skeletal maturity indicators in children
Authors: Mohammad Ziauddin , Namineni Srinivas , Cheruku Sampath Reddy , Penmetcha Sarada , Munnangi Surendra Reddy , Mallineni Sreekanth Kumar 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Objective: To study the correlation between mandibular growth variables using linear measurements of ramus, body of the mandible and total mandibular length with skeletal maturity indicators such as hand wrist radiographs and cervical vertebral maturation. Materials and Methods: A total of 315 patient-records (lateral cephalograms and hand-wrist radiographs) in the age group of 10-13 years were involved. The cephalometric measurements, representative of the mandibular growth, Condylion-Gonion (Co-Go), Condylion-Gnathion (Co-Gn), Gonion-Gnathion (Go-Gn), and posterior-most point of the mandibular condyle-pogonion (Fg-Pg) were traced (McNamara method). The correlation of mandibular growth variables with hand wrist parameters and cervical vertebrae maturation were assessed separately in male and female. Pearson’s correlation was used for analysis (Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17). Results: Only 80 subjects were included in final analysis. A highly significant correlation was found among hand wrist parameters, and mandibular growth variables (P < 0.001) in both genders. Among males, there was a highly significant correlation between cervical vertebral maturation and mandibular growth variables (P < 0.001), whereas Co-Go has a significant correlation with C2Conc, C3Conc, and C4Conc (P < 0.05). In females, Co-Gn, Co-Go, Go-Gn, and Fg-Pg were significantly correlated with C3Conc and C4Conc (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Both the cervical vertebral maturation and mandibular growth variables can be accessed on the lateral ephalogram itself for the evaluation of the skeletal maturity, as effective as a hand wrist radiograph in males and females.
Especies forestales para la recuperación de suelos contaminados con cobre debido a actividades mineras
Authors: Pizarro-Tapia Roberto , Flores Juan P. , Tapia Jaime , Valdés-Pineda Rodrigo , González David , Morales-Calderón Carolina , Sangüesa-Pool Claudia , Balocchi-Contreras Francisco J. , León Lastenia 
Published: December 2015

La minería es la actividad económica más importante de Chile, la cual causa degradación significativa en las regiones áridas. Los suelos de la Región de Coquimbo han sufrido contaminación de metales pesados provenientes de la minería, particularmente cobre. La implementación de medidas de mitigación, que ayuden a minimizar el impacto ambiental de los relaves mineros, requiere conocer la capacidad de adaptación de especies vegetativas ante la degradación de suelos contaminados. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar y comparar la capacidad de fitoestabilización de especies vegetales nativas y exóticas en áreas degradadas por la actividad minera en la Región de Coquimbo. Las tasas de supervivencia, crecimiento y desarrollo del dosel de 20 especies fueron evaluadas en dos ensayos experimentales. La concentración de Cu se evaluó en tallos y hojas de los árboles y en diferentes profundidades del suelo. Los resultados indicaron que Acacia saligna tiene la mejor capacidad de acumulación de metales pesados (34.8 ppm en hojas y 12.3 ppm en tallos, ambos en suelos sin fertilización), con tasas de supervivencia de más de 80 %. En este estudio se concluye que A. saligna es la mejor especie
Extracción y caracterización de fructanos de Agave salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck
Authors: Godínez-Hernández César I. , Aguirre-Rivera Juan R. , Juárez-Flores Bertha I. , Ortiz-Pérez María D. , Becerra-Jiménez Jaime 
Published: December 2015

Los fructanos son polímeros de fructosa con grandes aplicaciones en la industria de alimentos funcionales. Aunque los fructanos de Agave angustifolia spp. tequilana ya se producen industrialmente y comienzan a tener demanda en EE. UU., para su extracción se sigue utilizando la cabeza o piña de maguey (tallo y bases foliares) con madurez variable, lo cual repercute en la calidad y en procesos que encarecen la producción. En este trabajo se describe un método alternativo para la extracción de fructanos de tallos de Agave salmiana, el cual es más simple y facilita la obtención de manera natural u orgánica. Se evaluaron los rendimientos absoluto y relativo del concentrado de fructanos (CF), referidos tanto al tallo como a la cabeza de maguey, así como su calidad mediante el análisis por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC). El rendimiento de CF (95 % MS de materia seca) del tallo fresco fue de 21 % y casi 80 % del tallo seco. El CF libre de humedad está compuesto por cerca de 80 % de fructanos y el resto por trisacáridos (cerca de 9.5 %), cenizas (5 %), sacarosa (1 %) y sapogeninas (0.85 %); cantidades de glucosa y fructosa no fueron detectables (< 0.002 %).
Application of Contrast‐Enhanced Sonography for Diagnosis of Space‐Occupying Lesions in the Extrahepatic Bile Duct
Authors: Wu Wei , Cong Yue , Zhang Zhongyi , Yang Wei , Yin Shanshan , Fan Zhihui , Dai Ying , Yan Kun , Chen Minhua 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the application of contrast‐enhanced sonography compared with conventional sonography and contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) for diagnosis of space‐occupying lesions in the extrahepatic bile duct.MethodsSeventy‐two patients with pathologic diagnoses of space‐occupying lesions in the extrahepatic bile duct were retrospectively recruited. All patients underwent conventional sonography, contrast‐enhanced sonography, and contrast‐enhanced CT. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were compared.ResultsAmong the 72 patients, 11 cases were benign, and 61 were malignant. The diagnostic accuracy rates for conventional sonography, contrast‐enhanced sonography, and contrast‐enhanced CT were 66.67% (48 of 72), 90.28% (65 of 72), and 88.89% (64 of 72), respectively. The Youden index showed that contrast‐enhanced sonography (0.811) was comparable with contrast‐enhanced CT (0.720) and better than conventional sonography (0.159). There were significant differences in accuracy between conventional and contrast‐enhanced sonography (P= .001) and conventional sonography and contrast‐enhanced CT (P = .001); however, there was no significant difference between contrast‐enhanced sonography and contrast‐enhanced CT (P = .785). There were significant differences in sensitivity between conventional and contrast‐enhanced sonography (P= .006) and conventional sonography and contrast‐enhanced CT (P = .006) but no significant difference between contrast‐enhanced sonography and contrast‐enhanced CT (P > .99). There were no significant differences in specificity among the techniques (P > .05). There was a significant difference in the number of lesions with clear boundaries displayed: 16 on conventional sonography and 56 on contrast‐enhanced sonography (P = .006).ConclusionsContrast‐enhanced sonography can show the dynamic blood supply in space‐occupying pathologic regions of the extrahepatic bile duct. The diagnostic accuracy of contrast‐enhanced sonography in the extrahepatic bile duct was higher than that of conventional sonography and comparable with that of contrast‐enhanced CT. Therefore, contrast‐enhanced sonography may be a promising imaging technique for diagnosis of space‐occupying lesions in the extrahepatic bile duct.
Coronary Sinus Flow Is Reduced and Recovered With Time in Viral Myocarditis Mimicking Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Zheng Xiao-Zhi , Wu Jing , Zheng Quan , Zha Wen-Zhang 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesThe clinical presentation of myocarditis often mimics acute coronary syndrome. Coronary sinus flow has been used for detection of the presence of myocardial ischemia. Whether myocarditis is associated with changes in coronary sinus flow remains unknown. The aim of this study was to assess coronary sinus flow at the onset and follow‐up of myocarditis mimicking acute coronary syndrome using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTE).MethodsSixty‐four patients with clinically diagnosed viral myocarditis mimicking acute coronary syndrome underwent TTE on days 3, 7, 30, 90, 180, and 360 after onset. Coronary sinus flow was compared among different points in time.ResultsCompared to healthy participants, all patients with myocarditis had a larger cardiac size, reduced cardiac function, and electrocardiographic and myocardial enzyme abnormalities on days 3 and 7 days (P< .01;P< .05). They later had gradual restoration to normal levels. On days 3 and 7, the coronary sinus flow in patients with myocarditis was extremely lower than that in healthy participants (about one‐tenth), although coronary angiography revealed unobstructed arteries. On days 30, 90, 180, and 360, the coronary sinus flow had been increasing; however, it was still far less than that in healthy participants (P< .01).ConclusionsCoronary sinus flow depicted by TTE is reduced but recovers with time in viral myocarditis mimicking acute coronary syndrome, which is a useful indicator in the follow‐up of this type of myocarditis.
Substantia Nigra Hyperechogenicity
Authors: Toomsoo Toomas , Liepelt-Scarfone Inga , Kerner Riina , Kadastik-Eerme Liis , Asser Toomas , Rubanovits Inna , Berg Daniela , Taba Pille 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesSubstantia nigra hyperechogenicity is a promising biomarker for Parkinson disease (PD). Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity has previously been established as a useful diagnostic criterion in several European and Asian patient cohorts. However, diagnostic cutoff values for substantia nigra hyperechogenicity remain unknown for most patient populations. This study validated the diagnostic accuracy of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity in a large cohort of patients with PD in Estonia.MethodsThe study included 300 patients with PD from Estonia, representing 10% of the national PD patient population, and 200 healthy control participants. To define the optimal cutoff value in the PD cohort, data from a single assessment versus repetitive assessments by transcranial sonography were compared. With the use of 3 repetitive assessments, the diagnostic accuracy of the data was measured. In addition, calculations for percentile values were used to define substantia nigra hyperechogenicity among controls.ResultsOur data showed that the multiassessment approach yielded higher diagnostic accuracy than a single assessment (P = .021). The highest diagnostic accuracy was achieved by using the measurement mean to define substantia nigra hyperechogenicity, which was 0.23 cm2 (sensitivity, 88.7%; specificity, 92.2%), whereas single measurements detected PD with higher sensitivity (sensitivity, 93.2%; specificity, 85.1%). No significant difference was found between mean and median measurements (P= .18).ConclusionsThis study indicates the diagnostic merit of transcranial sonography in PD diagnosis in an additional population and demonstrates that transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra is a relevant and useful diagnostic tool for patients with PD.
Diagnostic Performance of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU) Synergy Test to Detect Sonographic ECU Abnormalities in Chronic Dorsal Ulnar‐Sided Wrist Pain
Authors: Sato Junko , Ishii Yoshinori , Noguchi Hideo 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesThe extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon synergy test is a simple and unique diagnostic maneuver for evaluation of chronic dorsal ulnar‐sided wrist pain, which applies isolated tension to the ECU without greatly stressing other structures. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of the ECU synergy test to detect ECU abnormalities on sonography.MethodsForty affected wrists from 39 consecutive patients with chronic dorsal ulnar‐sided wrist pain that continued for greater than 1 month were examined with the ECU synergy test and sonography. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the ECU synergy test to detect ECU abnormalities were evaluated. We compared the results of the ECU synergy test between groups with and without ECU abnormalities and also compared the ages, sexes, and symptomatic durations of the patients between groups with positive and negative ECU synergy test results and between the groups with and without ECU abnormalities.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 73.7%, 85.7%, 82.4%, and 78.3%, respectively. There was significant difference in the ECU synergy test results between the groups with and without ECU abnormalities (P < .01). There was no significant difference in age, sex, or symptomatic duration between any of the groups.ConclusionsThe results of this prospective study support the hypothesis that the ECU synergy test could be a useful provocative maneuver to detect ECU abnormalities in patients with chronic dorsal ulnar‐sided wrist pain.
ACES: Accurate Cervical Evaluation With Sonography
Authors: Chory Margaret K. , Schnettler William T. , March Melissa , Hacker Michele R. , Modest Anna M. , Rodriguez Diana 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesTransvaginal sonographic cervical length screening is an important tool for the evaluation of preterm labor. However, a structured curriculum is lacking in obstetrics and gynecology residency programs. The Accurate Cervical Evaluation with Sonography (ACES) program was developed to address this deficiency and combines an online didactic course with a standardized performance assessment of live scans. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of the ACES program to teach residents sonographic cervical length assessment.MethodsAll obstetrics and gynecology residents at our institution were invited to participate from 2012 to 2013. The program consisted of an initial supervised transvaginal cervical evaluation, an online didactic course and written examination, and 5 subsequent supervised scans. The instructor performed an independent cervical length measurement at each encounter. The primary outcome was the difference in cervical length measurement between the resident and instructor. We hypothesized that this difference would decrease over time. At each visit, a 10‐item checklist was used for skill assessment. Comparisons of checklist scores over time were also performed.ResultsSeventeen of 20 residents completed at least some of the training, and 10 completed the entire program. The median difference in cervical length measurement between residents and instructors at posttests 3, 4, and 5 improved significantly compared to the pretest scan (all P≤ .02). Similarly, the checklist scores improved over time (all P ≤ .0008).ConclusionsTransvaginal cervical sonography is an important tool in the evaluation of preterm labor. The ACES program provides residents a structured curriculum for cervical evaluation and supervisors a standardized means of evaluating trainees' skills.
Third‐Trimester Fetal Biometry and Neonatal Outcomes in Term and Preterm Deliveries
Authors: Sheth Tejas , Glantz J. Christopher 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesTo determine whether specific biometric thresholds for head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight can identify neonates at risk for adverse outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of women with sonographic biometry after 26 weeks' gestational age (GA) followed by delivery of term and preterm neonates from 2007 through 2011. The head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight were obtained. Sonographic data were merged with birth certificate and neonatal data. Biometry and estimated fetal weight were divided into percentile thresholds: 10th and above (reference), below 10th, below 5th, and below 3rd. Neonatal outcomes included neonatal intensive care unit admission, 5‐minute Apgar score less than 7, and a composite of any morbidity/mortality (hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, renal failure, or death). Logistic regression yielded odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for biometry and outcome, then adjusted for GA at delivery.ResultsA total of 2237 patients delivered at term, and 455 delivered before term. Neonatal intensive care unit admission was not associated with any biometric threshold in the term and preterm groups. Five‐minute Apgar score less than 7 was associated with head circumference below 10th, abdominal circumference below 3rd, and estimated fetal weight below 5th percentiles in the term group and head circumference below 10th, abdominal circumference below 10th, and femur length below 10th percentiles in the preterm group (P < .05). Composite morbidity/mortality was associated with abdominal circumference below 5th, femur length below 10th, and femur length below 3rd percentiles in the term group and head circumference below 5th, abdominal circumference below 10th, and femur length below 5th percentiles in the preterm group (P< .05). Adjustment for GA did not affect outcomes for term deliveries but did affect nearly all outcomes for preterm deliveries.ConclusionsIrrespective of GA, no one biometric threshold can accurately predict adverse neonatal outcomes.
Choice of Formula and Accuracy of Fetal Weight Estimation in Small‐for‐Gestational‐Age Fetuses
Authors: Melamed Nir , Ryan Greg , Windrim Rory , Toi Ants , Kingdom John 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify the most accurate sonographic models for fetal weight estimation in specific subgroups of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of women who delivered an SGA neonate and underwent a sonographic estimation of fetal weight within 7 days of delivery in a single tertiary center (n = 370). The accuracy of fetal weight estimation was compared for 33 sonographic models (27 nontargeted and 6 targeted SGA– or low‐birth‐weight–specific models) in specific subgroups of SGA fetuses: early versus late SGA, asymmetric versus symmetric, and presence of Doppler abnormalities.ResultsA wide variation in the accuracy of the different models was found (systematic error, −12.5% to 15.1%; random error, 7.8% to 15.5%). Most nontargeted models tended to systematically overestimate the weight of SGA fetuses. The best performing model in the overall SGA group was the targeted model of Scott et al (J Ultrasound Med 1996; 15:669–672; systematic error ± random error, −2.8% ± 8.3%). However, the optimal models varied for different subgroups of SGA fetuses, and in most cases the targeted models were the most accurate. An approach that used the optimal model for each subgroup of SGA fetuses compared with the uniform use of the model of Scott et al for all SGA fetuses was associated with a lower systematic error (−0.38% versus −2.8%; P < .001) and a higher proportion of weight estimations within 5%, 10%, and 15% of birth weight (48.4% versus 40.8%; P= .038; 78.6% versus 71.4%; P= .022; 95.1% versus 89.2%; P = .003, respectively).ConclusionsSonographic models in current use for fetal weight estimation in SGA fetuses have significant errors, and their performance varies for specific subgroups of SGA fetuses. An approach that uses subgroup‐specific models may improve the accuracy of weight estimation among SGA fetuses.