bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-dimensional morphodynamic model coupling open-channel flow and turbidity current in reservoir
Authors: Wang Zenghui , Xia Junqiang , Deng Shanshan , Zhang Junhua , Li Tao 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Traditional depth-averaged morphodynamic models for turbidity currents usually focus on the propagation of currents after plunging. However, owing to the unsteady characteristic of the plunge point locations and the tough conditions of field measurement within the plunge zone in a reservoir, it is difficult in practice to directly provide upstream boundary conditions for these models. A one-dimensional (1D) morphodynamic model coupling open-channel flow and turbidity current in a reservoir was proposed to simulate the whole processes of turbidity current evolution, from formation and propagation to recession. The 1D governing equations adopted are applicable to open-channel flows and turbidity currents over a mobile bed with irregular cross-section geometry. The coupled solution is obtained by a two-step calculation mode which alternates the calculations of open-channel flow and turbidity current, and a plunge criterion is used to determine the location of the upstream boundary for the turbidity current, and to specify the corresponding boundary conditions. This calculation mode leads to consecutive predictions of the hydrodynamic and morphological factors, from the open-channel reach to the turbidity current reach. Turbidity current events in two laboratory experiments with different set-ups were used to test the capabilities of the proposed model, with the effect of free-surface gradient also being investigated. A field-scale application of the coupled model was conducted to simulate two turbidity current events occurring in the Sanmenxia Reservoir, and the method for calculating the limiting height of aspiration was adopted to estimate the outflow discharge after the turbidity currents arrived in front of the dam. The predicted plunge locations and arrival times at different cross-sections were in agreement with the measurements. Moreover, the calculated interface evolution processes and the sediment delivery ratios also agreed generally with the observed results. Therefore, the 1D morphodynamic model proposed herein can help to select the design capacity of the outlets, and optimize the procedure for sediment release in reservoirs.
Using gridded rainfall products in simulating streamflow in a tropical catchment – A case study of the Srepok River Catchment, Vietnam
Authors: Thom Vu Thi , Khoi Dao Nguyen , Linh Do Quang 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The precise rainfall estimate with appropriate spatial and temporal resolutions is a key input to distributed hydrological models. However, networks of rain gauges are often sparsely distributed in developing countries. To overcome such limitations, this study used some of the existing gridded rainfall products to simulate streamflow. Four gridded rainfall products, including APHRODITE, CFSR, PERSIANN, and TRMM, were used as input to the SWAT distributed hydrological model in order to simulate streamflow over the Srepok River Catchment in Vietnam. Besides that, the available rain gauges data were also used for comparison. Amongst the four different datasets, the TRMM and APHRODITE data show their best match to rain gauges data in simulating the daily and monthly streamflow with satisfactory precision in the 2000-2006 period. The result indicates that the TRMM and APHRODITE data have potential applications in driving hydrological model and water resources management in data-scarce and ungauged areas in Vietnam.
Study of the time-dependent clear water scour around circular bridge piers
Authors: Aksoy Aysegul Ozgenc , Bombar Gokcen , Arkis Tanıl , Guney Mehmet Sukru 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The local scour around bridge piers influences their stabilities and plays a key role in the bridge failures. The estimation of the maximum possible scour depth around bridge piers is an important step in the design of the bridge pier foundations. In this study, the temporal evolution of local scour depths as well as the equilibrium scour depths were analyzed.
The experiments were carried out in a rectangular flume by using uniform sediment with median diameter of 3.5 mm and geometric standard deviation of 1.4. The diameters of the tested circular bridge piers were 40 mm, 80 mm, 150 mm and 200 mm. The flow and scour depths were determined by ultrasonic sensors. The experiments were realized in clear water conditions with various constant flow rates.
The experimental findings were compared with those calculated from some empirical equations existing in the literature. A new empirical relation involving the flow intensity, the relative water depth and the dimensionless time is also introduced. The advantage of this proposed relation is that the only parameter requiring the calculation is the critical velocity, other parameters being known geometric and hydraulic parameters. The performance of this relation was tested by using experimental data available in the literature, and a satisfactory compatibility was revealed between the experimental and numerical results.
Modeling sediment concentration and discharge variations in a small Ethiopian watershed with contributions from an unpaved road
Authors: Guzman Christian D. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Dagnew Dessalegn C. , Zegeye Assefa D. , Tebebu Tigist Y. , Yitaferu Birru , Steenhuis Tammo S. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Drainage of paved and unpaved roads has been implicated as a major contributor of overland flow and erosion in mountainous landscapes. Despite this, few watershed models include or have tested for the effect roads have on discharge and sediment loads. Though having a model is an important step, its proper application and attention to distinct landscape features is even more important. This study focuses on developing a module for drainage from a road and tests it on a nested watershed (Shanko Bahir) within a larger previously studied site (Debre Mawi) that receives overland flow contributions from a highly compacted layer of soil on an unpaved road surface. Shanko Bahir experiences a sub-humid monsoonal climate and was assessed for the rainy seasons of 2010, 2011, and 2012. The model chosen is the Parameter Efficient Distributed (PED) model, previously used where saturation-excess overland flow heavily influences discharge and sediment concentration variation, though infiltration-excess occasionally occurs. Since overland flow on unpaved surfaces emulates Hortonian flow, an adjustment to the PED model (the developed module) advances possible incorporation of both flow regimes. The modification resulted in similar modeling performance as previous studies in the Blue Nile Basin on a daily basis (NSE = 0.67 for discharge and 0.71 for sediment concentrations). Furthermore, the road while occupying a small proportion of the sub-watershed (11%) contributed importantly to the early discharge and sediment transport events demonstrating the effect of roads especially on sediment concentrations. Considerations for the dynamic erodibility of the road improved sediment concentration simulation further (NSE = 0.75). The results show that this PED modeling framework can be adjusted to include unpaved compacted surfaces to give reasonable results, but more work is needed to account for contributions from gullies, which can cause high influxes of sediment.
Impacts of grass removal on wetting and actual water repellency in a sandy soil
Authors: Oostindie Klaas , Dekker Louis W. , Wesseling Jan G. , Geissen Violette , Ritsema Coen J. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Soil water content and actual water repellency were assessed for soil profiles at two sites in a bare and grasscovered plot of a sand pasture, to investigate the impact of the grass removal on both properties. The soil of the plots was sampled six times in vertical transects to a depth of 33 cm between 23 May and 7 October 2002. On each sampling date the soil water contents were measured and the persistence of actual water repellency was determined of field-moist samples. Considerably higher soil water contents were found in the bare versus the grass-covered plots. These alterations are caused by differences between evaporation and transpiration rates across the plots. Noteworthy are the often excessive differences in soil water content at depths of 10 to 30 cm between the bare and grass-covered plots. These differences are a consequence of water uptake by the roots in the grass-covered plots. The water storage in the upper 19 cm of the bare soil was at least two times greater than in the grass-covered soil during dry periods. A major part of the soil profile in the grass-covered plots exhibited extreme water repellency to a depth of 19 cm on all sampling dates, while the soil profile of the bare plots was completely wettable on eight of the twelve sampling dates. Significant differences in persistence of actual water repellency were found between the grass-covered and bare plots.
Influence of soil particle shape on saturated hydraulic conductivity
Authors: Zięba Zofia 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to define the correlation between the geometry of grains and saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils. The particle shape characteristics were described by the ζ0Cindex (Parylak, 2000), which expresses the variability of several shape properties, such as sphericity, angularity and roughness.The analysis was performed on samples of four soils, which were characterised by the same grain size distribution and extremely different particle structure. The shape characteristics varied from ideally spherical, smooth grains (glass microbeads GM) to highly irregular and rough particles (fly ash FA).For each soil, laboratory tests of saturated hydraulic conductivity (constant head test CHT and falling head test FHT) were performed. Additionally, an empirical analysis of effective pore diameter was conducted with use of the analytical models developed by Pavchich (Wolski, 1987) and Indraratna and Vafai (1997). The models were modified by introducing the ζ0Cindex.Experiments have shown that saturated hydraulic conductivity depends on grains shape and surface roughness. This parameter decreases with the increase in the irregularity of soil particles. Moreover, it was proven that the ζ0Creflects the relationship between effective pore diameter and grain shape characteristics.
Soil water repellency changes with depth and relationship to physical properties within wettable and repellent soil profiles
Authors: Sepehrnia Nasrollah , Hajabbasi Mohammad Ali , Afyuni Majid , Lichner Ľubomír 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study explored the effect of soil water repellency (SWR) on soil hydrophysical properties with depth. Soils were sampled from two distinctly wettable and water repellent soil profiles at depth increments from 0-60 cm. The soils were selected because they appeared to either wet readily (wettable) or remain dry (water repellent) under field conditions. Basic soil properties (MWD, SOM, θv) were compared to hydrophysical properties (Ks, Sw, Se, Sww, Swh, WDPT, RIc, RImand WRCT) that characterise or are affected by water repellency. Our results showed both soil and depth affected basic and hydrophysical properties of the soils (p <0.001). Soil organic matter (SOM) was the major property responsible for water repellency at the selected depths (0-60). Water repellency changes affected moisture distribution and resulted in the upper layer (0-40 cm) of the repellent soil to be considerably drier compared to the wettable soil. The water repellent soil also had greater MWDdryand Ks over the entire 0-60 cm depth compared to the wettable soil. Various measures of sorptivity, Sw, Se, Sww, Swh, were greater through the wettable than water repellent soil profile, which was also reflected in field and dry WDPT measurements. However, the wettable soil had subcritical water repellency, so the range of data was used to compare indices of water repellency. WRCT and RImhad less variation compared to WDPT and RIc. Estimating water repellency using WRCT and RIm indicated that these indices can detect the degree of SWR and are able to better classify SWR degree of the subcritical-repellent soil from the wettable soil.
Current Biochemical Monitoring and Risk Management of Immunosuppressive Therapy after Transplantation
Authors: Catić-Đorđević Aleksandra , Cvetković Tatjana , Stefanović Nikola , Veličković-Radovanović Radmila 
Published: December 2016

SummaryImmunosuppressive drugs play a crucial role in the inhibition of immune reaction and prevention of graft rejection as well as in the pharmacotherapy of autoimmune disorders. Effective immunosuppression should provide an adequate safety profile and improve treatment outcomes and the patients’ quality of life. High-risk transplant recipients may be identified, but a definitive prediction model has still not been recognized. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for immunosuppressive drugs is an essential, but at the same time insufficient tool due to low predictability of drug exposition and marked pharmacokinetic variability. Parallel therapeutic, biochemical and clinical monitoring may successfully optimize and individualize therapy for transplanted recipients, providing optimal medical outcomes. Modern pharmacotherapy management should include new biomarkers with better sensitivity and specificity that can identify early cell damage. The aim of this study was to point out the importance of finding new biomarkers that would enable early detection of adverse drug events and cell damage in organ transplant recipients. We wanted to confirm the importance of routine biochemical monitoring in improving the safety of immunosuppressive treatment.
Cognitive-communicative organization of the evaluative frame
Authors: Prihodko Anna Illinichna 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The focal topic of this paper is the discussion of the actualization of the framing script that realizes the evaluative potential. Functional-semantic representation of the frame organization of the certain illocutionary potential is a complex formation in the form of a set of coordinated actions. They determine the communicants’ stages of interaction acts for the implementation of the defined aims.
Phytodietus elongator AUBERT, 1963 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Tryphoninae), a new species to Italy, and a key to the Italian species of the genus Phytodietus GRAVENHORST, 1829
Authors: Kostro-Ambroziak Agata , Di Giovanni Filippo 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Phytodietus elongator has been recorded from Italy for the first time. The hitherto identified subspecies (geographical forms) of this species, P. elongator elongator and P. elongator decoratus, are considered to be merely extreme examples of the variability of this taxon. A checklist and a key to the Italian species of the genus Phytodietus are provided.
Biomass estimation using a length-weight relationship in beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae, Histeridae, Hydrophilidae, Staphylinidae) obtained from cow dung
Authors: Mroczyński Radosław , Daliga Karol 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis research enabled the relationship between length and dry body mass to be determined for 158 beetle larvae taken from cow dung in north-eastern Poland. The larvae were divided into three morphological types, for which the power and linear function of the body length-weight relationship were determined. The linear regression equation characterizes the relationship between body weight and length for all morphological types of larvae very well (0.8955≤R2≤0.9752). The power regression equation characterizes this relationship for all morphological types of larvae well (0.8562≤R2≤0.9742).The equations obtained can be used to compute dry mass for most beetle larvae inhabiting dung.
Exploring the relationship of emotional intelligence with mental health status in polish unemployed persons – differences between men and women
Authors: Knopp Katarzyna A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between EI and the state of mental health of unemployed persons. Gender differences were also identified in terms of mental health and its correlation with EI. A sample of 160 Polish unemployed persons aged 35 to 45 years filled in self-descriptive measures of EI and mental health. Significant gender differences were found - unemployed women were characterised by a greater intensity of mental health disorders than unemployed men. EI was negatively correlated with mental health disorders, but the correlations were few and weaker than expected. However, when unemployed persons with a low, average and high EI were compared, it turned out that participants with a low EI were characterised by a significantly worse condition of mental health than participants with a average or high EI.
Finding the Year’s Share in Day-of-Week Calculations
Authors: Abdali S. Kamal 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The dominant part in the mental calculation of the day of the week for any given date is to determine the year share, that is, the contribution of the two-digit year part of the date. This paper describes a number of year share computation methods, some well-known and some new. The “Parity Minus 3” method, in particular, is a new alternative to the popular “Odd+11” method. The paper categorizes the methods of year share computation, and presents simpler proofs of their correctness than usually provided.
The Morphological Trigger of V-to-T: The Case of Old English
Authors: Castillo Concha 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper deals with the phenomenon of V-to-T movement, which is one of the major parameters differentiating Romance from the majority of modern Germanic languages, and it defends the idea that rich morphology is the cause or trigger of V-to-T: in Romance, in a modern Germanic language like Icelandic, and very particularly in Old English, the precursor of the modern English language. More generally, the discussion endorses the idea that all Germanic languages used to be V-to-T languages in their old periods. I begin by arguing that verbal forms in Spanish contain a specific kind of segment, namely the stem or thematic vowel, which gives rise to morphological variations or asymmetries across tenses in the language. Such a productive system of stem verb classes is also shown to be the case in Icelandic, though not in German (which is therefore rendered as non-V-to-T), and ultimately it is acknowledged for a language like OE. The hypothesis is that the syntactic computation of (OE) verbal forms demands it that the speaker first identifies the verb class that the form in question belongs to before tackling the processing of tense morphology and agreement morphology. In pure syntactic terms, the stem or thematic vowel segment is identified in the present account with a v-feature that T must value, which valuation is realised by means of the displacement of the verb to the T head, that is, by means of V-to-T movement. After the valuation of T’s v-feature comes the valuation of τ-features and φ-features, respectively.
Innovative Directions of the Higher Education of Ukraine
Authors: Klyap Marianna , Klyap Mykhailo 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The article clarifies the concept of “innovation”, including “educational innovation”, examines some innovative teaching methods in universities. The main approaches of implementation innovations in modern higher education of Ukraine are analysed. It also defines the differences between traditional and innovative teaching, discovers different variants of the classification of innovative teaching methods and formulates basic approaches to the selection of innovative didactic purpose in accordance with the classes, the advantages and disadvantages of the use of certain methods. It tightly describes actual interpretation of innovative study methods in the Ukrainian higher educational institutions, as well as the realization of the innovative aspects in the separate Ukrainian universities. The importance of innovation in the learning process of entering higher education of Ukraine into the European educational space is also being highlighted.
Screening of cytotoxic, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumorogenic and antimicrobial activities of Anatolian Vipera ammodytes (Nose-horned viper) venom
Authors: İğci Naşit , Nalbantsoy Ayşe , Erkan Leman Gizem , Akça Gözde Yılmaz , Yalçın Hüsniye Tansel , Yalçın Murat , Göçmen Bayram 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Objective
In the present study, we aimed to screen the cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorogenic activities of Anatolian Vipera ammodytes (Nose-horned Viper) crude venom.

Material and methods
The cytotoxicity was screened against PC3, HeLa, CaCo-2, U-87MG, MCF-7 and Vero cells by using MTT assay. The antimicrobial activity on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, E. coli 0157:H7, Enterococcus faecalis 29212, Enterococcus faecium DSM 13590, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Salmonella typhimirium CCM 5445, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6957, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064 and Candida albicans ATCC 10239 was assayed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration using the broth dilution method. Anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorogenic activity was assessed by using chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay.

Results
The IC50 value of V. ammodytes venom on cultured cells varied from 1.8 to 7.0 μg/mL after 48 h treatment. Venom showed antimicrobial activity on P. vulgaris, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecium and C. albicans (the highest activity). The venom exhibited dose-dependent anti-angiogenic activity on CAM model at 2 and 10 μg/mL doses with scores of 1.1 and 2.0, respectively.

Conclusion
The results of the present study contributed to the knowledge of the biological activities of Anatolian V. ammodytes venom and showed its potential for further bioactivity guided characterization studies.
Responsive Rechtssoziologie
Authors: Bora Alfons 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Die soziologische Theorie ist der Rechtspraxis gegenüber weithin sprachlos. Eine soziologisch gehaltvolle responsive Außenbeobachtung des Rechts steht derzeit nicht zur Verfügung. Die alte Forderung nach einer Soziologie „mit mehr Recht“ bleibt nach wie vor aktuell. Der Beitrag skizziert den reflexionstheoretischen Kern einer Rechtssoziologie, die Autonomie- und Praxisdiskurse integrieren könnte.
Upon Generating Discrete Expanding Integrable Models of the Toda Lattice Systems and Infinite Conservation Laws
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Xiangzhi , Wang Yan , Liu Jiangen 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
With the help of R-matrix approach, we present the Toda lattice systems that have extensive applications in statistical physics and quantum physics. By constructing a new discrete integrable formula by R-matrix, the discrete expanding integrable models of the Toda lattice systems and their Lax pairs are generated, respectively. By following the constructing formula again, we obtain the corresponding (2+1)-dimensional Toda lattice systems and their Lax pairs, as well as their (2+1)-dimensional discrete expanding integrable models. Finally, some conservation laws of a (1+1)-dimensional generalised Toda lattice system and a new (2+1)-dimensional lattice system are generated, respectively.