bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Substantiation in Child Sexual Abuse Investigations in the United States
Authors: Scurich Nicholas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Child Protective Services (CPS) investigates millions of cases of child maltreatment each year in the United States. A sizeable percentage of these cases involve allegations of sexual abuse. Little is known about the factors that are associated with cases being substantiated.

Method
The present manuscript analyzes data collected by the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), a census of all child protective services investigations or assessments conducted in all fifty states, plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, from October 1, 2018, through September 30, 2019.

Results
During this time period, CPS investigated 223,785 cases of alleged sexual abuse, of which 24.5% were substantiated. The substantiation rates varied considerably across states. A series of hierarchical logistic regressions revealed that cases involving female children were more likely to be substantiated than cases involving male children, that cases involving children age 10 + were more likely to be substantiated than children under age 10, as well as an interaction between age and sex such that age mattered to a lesser degree for male children than female children. The models also revealed that cases involving white children were more likely to be substantiated than cases involving non-white children, even after accounting for age, sex, and the jurisdiction in which the investigation took place.

Conclusions
The variation in substantiation rates across states underscores the need for further investigation into jurisdictional differences and the development of more consistent policies. Additionally, the disparities observed along lines of gender, age, and race point to the necessity of addressing potential biases in investigative practices. This study highlights the need for future research to explore the complex interplay of individual, community, and systemic factors that shape substantiation outcomes, ultimately guiding improvements in child protection services.
On e-monotonicity and maximality of operators in Banach spaces
Authors: Alizadeh M. H. , Bianchi M. , Pini R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper we extend some well known properties of monotone and maximal monotone operators to the wider class of e-monotone and maximal e-monotone operators. The main results concern local boundedness of maximal e-monotone operators, maximal 2e-monotonicity of the Clarke–Rockafellar subdifferential $$\partial ^{CR}f$$

∂

CR

f

for an e-convex function f, and the characterization of e-monotonicity of an operator T via the behaviour of its e-Fitzpatrick function outside the graph of T.
Eddy Current Testing in the Quantitive Assessment of Degradation State in MAR247 Nickel Superalloy with Aluminide Coatings
Authors: Tytko Grzegorz , Adamczyk-Habrajska Małgorzata , Luo Yao , Kopec Mateusz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the effectiveness of the eddy current methodology for crack detection in MAR 247 nickel-based superalloy with aluminide coatings subjected to cyclic loading was investigated. The specimens were subjected to force-controlled fatigue tests under zero mean level, constant stress amplitude from 300 MPa to 600 MPa and a frequency of 20 Hz. During the fatigue, a particular level of damage was introduced into the material leading to the formation of microcracks. Subsequently, a new design of probe with a pot core was developed to limit magnetic flux leakage and directed it towards the surface under examination. The suitability of the new methodology was further confirmed as the specimens containing defects were successfully identified. The changes in probe resistance values registered for damaged specimens ranged approximately from 8 to 14%.
The problem of the many: a view from the semantics of numerals and countability
Authors: Sutton Peter R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses both semantic issues of countability in linguistics, and philosophical issues arising from the problem of the many. I argue (i) that the problem of the many is orthogonal to vagueness and we should look to the semantics of count nouns and numerals for its solution; (ii) that the problem of the many is a challenge for contemporary mereological analyses of count nouns in semantics; but (iii) that the count criterion in these theories can be weakened to avoid the problem. Specifically, weak quantization is proposed as the criterion: a sum, x, counts as nPs if and only if x has n disjoint parts, each of which is in the extension of P, but where the sum of no two of them is also in the extension of P. I show how importing this idea into the semantics of numerals provides a semantic means of dissolving the paradox.
Lie-bäcklund symmetry, soliton solutions, chaotic structure and its characteristics of the extended (3 + 1) dimensional Kairat-II model
Authors: Almheidat Maalee , Alqudah Mohammad , Alderremy A. A. , Elamin Mawahib , Mahmoud Emad E. , Ahmad Shabir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the (3 + 1)-dimensional extended Kairat-II model using Lie-Bäcklund symmetry (LBS) and the improved modified extended tanh-function approach (IMETFA). The bifurcation and sensitivity analyses are conducted to understand the stability and chaotic behavior of the model. Through graphical visualizations of phase diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, power spectra, fractal dimension and recurrence plots, the complex dynamics and stability characteristics of the model are elucidated. Additionally, the research focuses on the derivation of dark soliton and various combo soliton solutions of the Kairat-II model. The derived soliton solutions are graphically displayed in 3D and 2D plots. The obtained results are new and have never been reported in the literature for the considered equation.
Nonlinear step responses and how to find them
Authors: Mrazík Lukáš , Mareš Jan , Friess Karel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe unit step response is a standard tool for experimental identification; its shape is equivalent to a solution of an appropriate governing equation. In this study, we investigate two variants of nonlinear first-order governing equation, $${y'=k(1-y^\beta )/\beta }$$

y
′

=
k

(
1
-

y
β

)

/
β

, and mainly its rescaled version $${y'=k\left( 1-y^\beta \right) }$$

y
′

=
k

1
-

y
β

. We explore a continuum of response shapes, ranging from constant zero to constant one, including standard shapes such as $$1-\exp (-t)$$

1
-
exp
(
-
t
)

and $${\tanh (t)}$$

tanh
(
t
)

, but also uncommon shapes such as a part of the logarithmic integral. Two methods for estimating the parameter $$\beta $$
β
are proposed: one based on analyzing the curvature of a single response and the other based on analyzing initial slopes for multiple responses, while varying the amplitude of the step. Our investigation is conducted in the context of gas permeation through a homogeneous porous medium, where nonlinear response shapes have been observed. This context allows for a meaningful interpretation of the results, consistent with expectations for specific thermodynamic processes. However, neither method is constrained by this context, and either might be considered for any first-order system that fails to have amplitude-scale invariance or for which the shapes seem to exhibit an effect of saturation.
Smooth connectivity in real algebraic varieties
Authors: Cummings Joseph , Hauenstein Jonathan D. , Hong Hoon , Smyth Clifford D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA standard question in real algebraic geometry is to compute the number of connected components of a real algebraic variety in affine space. This manuscript provides algorithms for computing the number of connected components, the Euler characteristic, and deciding the connectivity between two points for a smooth manifold arising as the complement of a real hypersurface of a real algebraic variety. When considering the complement of the set of singular points of a real algebraic variety, this yields an approach for determining smooth connectivity in a real algebraic variety. The method is based upon gradient ascent/descent paths on the real algebraic variety inspired by a method proposed by Hong, Rohal, Safey El Din, and Schost for complements of real hypersurfaces. Several examples are included to demonstrate the approach.
Complex Permittivity Spectra of Granular Polymer Composites with Dispersed Ag-Coated Cu Flakes
Authors: Kasagi Teruhiro , Goda Kazuya , Yamamoto Shinichiro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractConductive particle-containing granular composites with tuneable negative permittivity are being studied to improve the performance of electromagnetic devices, such as shielding materials. In this study, we investigated the relative complex permittivity and electrical conductivity of granular composites of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin and Ag-coated Cu flakes in the radio- to microwave-frequency range and compared them with those of PPS/bare Cu flake composites. Electrical conductivity measurements revealed that the PPS/Ag-coated Cu flake composites have a lower percolation threshold (φc) than the PPS/bare Cu flake composites, whereas the electrical conductivity of the PPS/Ag-coated Cu flake composites in the percolated particle state was higher at the same particle volume fraction. At particle contents above φc, a low-frequency plasmonic state of conduction electrons was achieved in the percolated particle chains in both composites, and negative permittivity spectra were obtained. The percolated PPS/Ag-coated Cu flake composites had a negative permittivity up to a higher frequency than the percolated PPS/bare Cu flake composites. Furthermore, the Drude model was used to analyze the negative permittivity spectra of the composites in the percolated particle state. The plasma frequency of the composites with percolated Ag-coated Cu flakes was higher than that of the composites with percolated bare Cu flakes. Thus, coating Ag on Cu particles improved the conductivity of the composite, leading to negative permittivity up to higher frequencies. This study contributes to the enhancement of the negative permittivity achieved by granular composites, which is useful for microwave technology applications.
Graphical Abstract
State of the Field Report XV: Contemporary Chinese Studies of the Scholastic-Aristotelian Soul in Late-Ming and Early-Qing China
Authors: Canaris Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Jesuit China mission coincided with a sophisticated attempt to place Chinese and Western concepts of human nature in dialogue with Confucianism. The Jesuits believed that they could facilitate evangelization by drawing upon Confucian concepts to explain the soul. In so doing, they and their Chinese collaborators also pioneered a genre of hybrid philosophical texts, which used Aristotelian conceptions of the soul to critique and supplement autochthonous Chinese conceptions of human nature. These texts are not just of significance for Chinese Christian theology, but also anthropology, psychology, and even medicine, given the role played by the soul in both Chinese and Western conceptions of human physiology at the time. Until recently these texts have been little studied except by missiologists who were more interested in their relevance for mission history than for comparative philosophy. Scholarship has perhaps also been hampered by the immense linguistic demands of studying texts that sit between the Chinese and Western intellectual traditions. Recently, however, a number of Chinese scholars have turned their attention to these texts, intrigued by novel philosophical ideas contained therein and their complex relationship to both the Western and Chinese intellectual and religious traditions. Since many of these Chinese-language contributions are published in volumes which are not easily accessible outside of China, they have not enjoyed great visibility in Western-language scholarship. This article will review the major developments in Chinese scholarship and will conclude with suggestions for future research.
Radiation dose to the eye of physicians during radio frequency catheter ablation: a small-scale study
Authors: Morishima Yoshiaki , Chida Koichi , Chiba Hiroo , Kumagai Koji 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Radio frequency catheter ablation (RFCA), a treatment for arrhythmia, requires a long fluoroscopy time that increases the radiation exposure dose to the physician, particularly to the lens of the eye. It is recommended that a lens-specific dosimeter such as DOSIRIS® is used to measure the dose to the lens.

Aims
In this study, we investigated whether conventional glass badges can be used as an alternative to lens dosimeters.

Methods
The doses to the lenses of two physicians (physician A, main operator; physician B, assistant; physician B was further away from the patient than physician A) were measured for 126 RFCA procedures performed over a 6-month period (fluoroscopy rate of 3.0 p/s with use of a ceiling-hanging shield).

Results
The cumulative value measured by a lens dosimeter attached to the inside of Pb glasses (0.07-mm dose equivalent) next to the left eye was 4.7 mSv for physician A, and 0.8 mSv for physician B. The reading on the glass badge worn on the left side of the neck was 4.7 mSv for physician A and 1.3 mSv for physician B. Lens dosimeter and glass badge values showed a good correlation for the left eye and left neck (r = 0.86, p < 0.01).

Conclusions
We show that glass badges may be a viable alternative to lens-equivalent dosimetry when using low-pulse fluoroscopy and a ceiling-hanging shield.
Taking an argumentation approach to statistical investigations: developing student data-ing practices
Authors: Fielding Jill 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResearch literature has provided considerable insight as to how young students might come to deeper understandings of statistical concepts, processes and representations through investigations. However, ‘data-ing’—the critical thinking aspects of decision-making while engaging in statistical investigations—has shown to be more difficult to grasp. Data-ing aspects of statistical investigations identified in literature as particularly challenging include: generating researchable questions, knowing when or how to apply statistical knowledge, seeing a need for evidence to support conclusions, and knowing how to use data as evidence. Argumentation practices necessitate a focus on the use of evidence to logically support a claim, thereby offering potential to focus students on the sufficiency and quality of evidence and the conclusions that can be drawn. As such, argumentation offers potential to support students to engage in data decision-making practices. In the research described here, an argumentation focus was used to guide a statistical investigation with a class of 9–10-year-old students in a suburban Australian school. Analysis of classroom interactions and children's work samples suggested that taking an argument-based focus supported students’ developing capacity to overcome the aforementioned challenges and to engage in critical, decision-making practices with authentic, messy data within the context of the investigation.
UBE2T is a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for endometrial cancer
Authors: Wang Longyun , Wang Mengqi , Wang Zeyu , Wang Kai , Zhao Bowei , Wang Yue , Zheng Jingying , Zhang Shuang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Endometrial cancer (UCEC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in gynecology, and early diagnosis is crucial for its treatment. Currently, there is a lack of early screening tests specific to UCEC, and treatment advances are limited. It is crucial to identify more sensitive biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, and predicting UCEC. Previous studies have shown that UBE2T is involved in the development of various tumors such as breast cancer and liver cancer, but research on the role of UBE2T in UCEC is limited.

Methods
Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and UALCAN databases, we analyzed the differential expression of UBE2T mRNA and protein in endometrial cancer (UCEC), along with its clinical relevance. A total of 113 clinical samples were collected, and immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were employed to validate bioinformatics analysis results. Volcano plots were generated using UBE2T and its differentially expressed genes, and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and immune infiltration analysis were used to predict the functional role of UBE2T in UCEC progression. Correlation between UBE2T expression and patient survival was analyzed using TCGA data, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were plotted.

Results
UBE2T is significantly overexpressed in UCEC and correlates with poor prognosis. Its overexpression is closely associated with mitosis, cell cycle regulation, and histological grade in UCEC patients.

Conclusion
UBE2T is highly expressed in UCEC and suppresses anti-tumor immune responses in UCEC patients. It serves as a key participant in UCEC progression, associated with a range of adverse outcomes, and holds potential as a clinical diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
Acculturation Orientations Among Immigrant-Origin Youth: How is Acculturation Associated with Self-Esteem, Sense of Belonging, and Discrimination?
Authors: Abdulhamed Rekar , Lonka Kirsti 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe developed a six-item Compact Acculturation Scale (CAS) based on common items on comprehensive acculturation scales and examined it with two designs using data from the Finnish Annual Youth Future Report Survey of 2023 (N = 744 immigrant-origin youth, IOY). In Study 1, we first confirmed second-order factorial structure of CAS and its convergent validity. Second, using structural equation modelling, we found that the relation of acculturation with self-esteem was ambivalent among recently migrated youth who perceived discrimination. Established immigrant-origin youth who reported discrimination were more likely to prefer an ethnic orientation. In Study 2, we examined acculturation profiles among immigrant-origin youth based on CAS variables, and the relationship of profiles with self-esteem, perceived discrimination, and sense of belonging. Six profiles were found: Medium integration (49%), High integration (22%), Neo-culture kid (15%), Separation (6%), Assimilation (6%), and Marginalized (2%). Both integration profiles were associated with high self-esteem and sense of belonging. Third largest profile was characterized by rejecting both host and heritage cultures, but unlike Marginalized, they reported enjoying both in-group and host-peer relations. In sum, this study shows that CAS is a reliable and robust instrument that can serve us in investigating acculturation both by variable- and person-oriented approaches.
Ongedocumenteerd tijdens de COVID-19-pandemie
Authors: Meijer David , Verdonk Petra 
Published: October 2024

Samenvatting
Inleiding
Onderzoek suggereert dat ongedocumenteerde migranten een hoger risico hebben op COVID-19-morbiditeit en -mortaliteit. Bovendien hebben zij vanwege hun ongedocumenteerde status een slechtere uitgangspositie om met de pandemie en de gezondheidsmaatregelen om te gaan. Het doel van dit onderzoek is om inzage te krijgen in de ervaringen die ongedocumenteerden hadden met zorg tijdens de COVID-19-pandemie en de gezondheidsmaatregelen van de overheid.

Methode
Er zijn twaalf interviews afgenomen met ongedocumenteerde bezoekers van de Kruispost, een huisartsenpraktijk in Amsterdam voor mensen die buiten het reguliere gezondheidscircuit vallen.

Resultaten
De ervaringen zijn in twee thema’s samengevat: a) structuren beschrijft de ondersteuning van formele en informele structuren onder ongedocumenteerden en hoe deze ten tijde van de crisis in staat waren in vele behoeften te voorzien, en b) strategieën verwijst naar de persoonlijke opvattingen, gebruiken en copingmechanismen die deelnemers toepasten om met de pandemie en de gevolgen daarvan om te gaan.

Conclusie
De ongedocumenteerde gemeenschap bleek veerkrachtig tijdens de COVID-19-pandemie. Wij zagen dat structuren, zoals steungroepen, maatschappelijke organisaties en de Kruispost, een cruciale rol speelden. Overheden en gezondheidsdiensten kunnen het functioneren van deze structuren en strategieën bevorderen door samenwerking met en investeringen in bovengenoemde partijen te bekrachtigen.
Acoustical properties of the new sandwich structures for aircraft cabin interiors with integrated vacuum insulation
Authors: Latsuzbaya V. , Middendorf P. , Völkle D. , Weber C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAny modern passenger aircraft must provide a high level of comfort for passengers who spend considerable time inside the cabin. The cabin's climate and interior noise levels contribute to this comfort. Vacuum insulation panels (VIP) have been explored as insulation materials to improve these factors due to their extremely low thermal conductivity. When integrating VIPs into the aircraft cabin's interior, it was discovered that the thermal conductivity of the entire sandwich structure was 3–6 times lower than conventional structures. This finding has generated much interest in using VIPs for aircraft cabin insulation. This article delves into the acoustic properties of these new structures featuring integrated VIPs. Tests were carried out to analyze the sound insulation capabilities of these structures. The results showed that the new interior structures exhibited promising acoustic properties.
Measuring Spatial Radiation Dose Distribution During Abdominal Computed Tomography Scanning with Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeters
Authors: Chang Wen-Chuan , Shih Tian-Yu , Fang Pei-Ren , Lin Cheng-Hsun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
As the proportion of medical radiation exposure increases, the exposure dose has received increasing attention. When performing interventional radiological diagnosis, examiners are often exposed to radiation. Therefore, patients and medical personnel are exposed to higher amounts of radiation dose. Accordingly, we used optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) to measure the ambient air kerma during abdominal CT scanning to observe the spatial distribution of the doses.

Methods
An abdominal CT scan under a voltage of 120 kVp was performed, and OSLDs were used for the measurement. The measurement range extended from the examination couch that serves as the center point to the walls and was divided into four areas. The OSLD measurements were undertaken at three different heights (i.e., 85, 140, and 150 cm from the floor) for spatial dose detection. The OSLDs were fixed up to lines at the three height levels. Each dosimetry point was 50 cm apart. In addition, the surface incident doses of the prosthesis's mammary gland, liver, and gonad were estimated.

Results
According to the spatial dose distribution at the three different heights, the maximum dose and minimum dose in front of the bore were 0.194 ± 0.008 and 0.006 ± 0.001 mGy, respectively; 2 m away from the bore, the dose reduced to 9% of the maximum dose. The surface incident doses of the mammary gland, liver, and gonad were 1.321 ± 0.121, 13.083 ± 0.642, and 13.441 ± 0.658 mGy, respectively.

Conclusion
The spatial dose distribution revealed that the dose was the highest at the height of 140 cm and in front of the bore. The dose on the left side was higher than that on the right side. In addition, the dose was inversely proportional to the square of the distance. If the examiners must perform interventional radiological diagnosis during CT scanning, they should put on radiation protection equipment and stand behind the bore to minimize the radiation exposure.