bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the complexity of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia – a comprehensive review of current knowledge
Authors: Niemiec Bartosz , Olesiński Bruno , Szymański Mateusz , Cendrowska-Pinkosz Monika 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative (G−) opportunistic pathogen, prevalent and concerning for susceptible patients. It primarily causes nosocomial and some community-acquired respiratory and bloodstream infections. Reservoirs include water, plant rhizospheres, food, and animals. Virulence factors include motility, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing, with ongoing research on these mechanisms. A major concern is its multidrug resistance to antimicrobial agents like trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), β-lactams, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, and polymyxins. Effective treatments include TMP-SMX, quinolones, penicillins, and penicillins with β-lactamase inhibitors. Rapid diagnosis is crucial for successful treatment, leading to the development of new detection methods such as selective steno medium agar (SMA) and molecular techniques for nucleic acid detection. Patients with S. maltophilia are prone to co-infections with other G− bacteria. A study by Safdar et al. on cancer patients from 1986 to 2002 showed an increase in S. maltophilia infections from 2% to 7%, making it the 5th most commonly isolated G-bacterium in this group. It commonly infects ICU patients and individuals with SARS-CoV-2, with pneumonia being the most frequent clinical manifestation. The COVID-19 pandemic increased intensive care unit admissions and mechanical ventilation use, leading to higher infection rates of S. maltophilia.
Endothelial Activation and Stress Index Score as a Prognostic Factor of Cytokine Release Syndrome in CAR-T Patients – A Retrospective Analysis of Multiple Myeloma and Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cohorts
Authors: Tomasik Jaromir , Avni Batia , Grisariu Sigal , Elias Shlomo , Zimran Eran , Stepensky Polina , Basak Grzegorz W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX) has been proposed as a prognostic factor of adverse events or survival in hematological malignancies. Endothelial dysfunction has been associated with complications following stem cell transplantation and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the utility of the EASIX score as a prognostic factor of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in multiple myeloma/light-chain amyloidosis (MM/AL amyloidosis; N = 69) and large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) cohorts (N = 65). Occurrence of CRS grade ≥3 was the primary endpoint. For both cohorts, the EASIX and simplified EASIX (s-EASIX) scores were calculated at four different time points before CAR-T infusion to assess its prognostic value. In the MM/AL amyloidosis cohort, neither EASIX nor s-EASIX scores calculated at any time point were associated with the occurrence of CRS grade ≥3. In the LBCL cohort, EASIX and s-EASIX scores measured before lymphodepletion (EASIX-pre and s-EASIX-pre) showed a significant relationship with CRS grade ≥3 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06 and OR = 1.05, respectively). The cutoff value of 1.835 for EASIX-pre was associated with 4.59-fold increased OR of CRS grade ≥3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–21.84), whereas s-EASIX-pre cutoff equaled 2.134 and was associated with 4.13-fold increased OR of CRS grade ≥3 (95% CI: 1.01–17.93). However, after internal validation with bootstrapping, the significance was lost both for the EASIX-pre and s-EASIX-pre cutoff. The presented findings indicate that the EASIX scores fail to predict CRS in MM/amyloidosis CAR-T patients, whereas they can be implemented as CRS grade ≥3 predictors in LBCL CAR-T patients.
Apoptosis Regulation in Dental Pulp Cells and PD-1/PD-L1 Expression Dynamics Under Ozone Exposure – A Pilot Approach
Authors: Ptasiewicz Maja , Orłowski Mirosław , Magryś Agnieszka , Kocki Janusz , Gosik Krzysztof , Stachurski Piotr , Chałas Renata 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of ozone on the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 genes in dental pulp cells. Additionally, the programmed cell death protein 1, programmed death-ligand 1, and CD200 antigens were determined in lymphocytes to assess their surface expression. Dental pulp cells were cultured from extracted healthy third molars and characterized as dental pulp stromal cells. Gene expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was analyzed at 0 s, 6 s, and 12 s of ozone exposure using real-time PCR. Lymphocytes from dental pulp were subjected to ozone exposure for 12 s and PD-1, PD-L1, and CD200/CD200R expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Upon exposure to ozone for 6 s, the Bcl-2 expression decreased significantly to −0.09, and at 12 s, it increased significantly to 0.3. Bax gene expression level increased significantly to 0.188 after 6 s exposure, and at 12 s, to 0.16. Lymphocytes exposed to ozone for 12 s showed minimal changes in PD-1, PD-L1, and CD200/CD200R expression levels, indicating that oxidative stress does not impact the signaling pathways regulating these molecules. The significant upregulation of Bcl-2 at 12 s highlights the cells’ effort to protect themselves from prolonged oxidative stress, possibly tipping the balance toward cell survival and tissue repair. However, the absence of changes in PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on lymphocytes under oxidative stress suggests that these molecules are not sensitive to oxidative stress in this context.
Multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium abscessus septic arthritis following an intra-articular steroid injection; a case report
Authors: Mulindwa Frank , Chaudhary Sana , Estrella Jewel , Kandanati Vivek 
Published: September 2024

Background:

Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus), a rapidly growing Mycobacterium (RGM) is an emergent cause of soft tissue and musculoskeletal infections. Treatment is often complicated by commonly occurring intrinsic and acquired resistance to not only the classical anti-tuberculous agents but also to most currently available antibiotics.

Case presentation:
We present a case of left thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint septic arthritis in a 66-year-old American Caucasian woman following an intra-articular steroid injection for osteoarthritis treatment. She did not improve on conventional empirical cellulitis treatment prompting culture and sensitivity assays. Mycobacterium abscessus Deoxyribonucleic acid was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with additional cultures growing the same organism within a week. Samples were sent to the New York State Department of Health for a full culture and sensitivity profile which demonstrated extensive resistance to antibacterial agents including conventional anti-tuberculous agents.

Conclusion:
This case not only highlights the importance of having a high degree of suspicion for M. abscessus in joint and soft tissue infections not improving to commonly used empirical therapies even in low prevalent areas. It also underlines the importance of performing cultures and sensitivity given antibiotic combinations for most RGM infections should be sensitivity guided.
Pustular Psoriasis After Dupilumab: A Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Mojica-Ruiz Rafael , Goldberg Elizabeth , Montanez-Wiscovich Marjorie , Motaparthi Kiran 
Published: September 2024

Dupilumab is a human monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin-4 receptor alpha subunit, inhibiting type-2 inflammatory responses through its dual blockade of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 signaling. Dupilumab is approved for the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. However, recent reports have documented the emergence of pustular psoriasis (PP) during treatment of AD with dupilumab. Whether dupilumab causes pustular psoriasis or merely renders its presentation in patients misdiagnosed with AD remains unclear. By presenting this case and conducting a systematic review, we aim to contribute to the understanding of the potential association between dupilumab therapy and the development of pustular psoriasis. This knowledge will help clinicians in accurately diagnosing and managing patients who develop pustular psoriasis while on dupilumab.
Successful Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis with Topical Roflumilast: A Case Series
Authors: Smythe Ciaran , Sohn Alice , Song Eingun James , Lewitt George Michael 
Published: September 2024

Background: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common skin disease that presents with pink scaly patches in areas with higher sebaceous gland density, such as the scalp, glabella, retroauricular folds, nasolabial folds, chest, and groin.
Case Reports: This is a case series of two patients with longstanding SD that did not respond adequately to topical corticosteroids or azoles, and were successfully treated monotherapy with roflumilast cream 0.3%. Both patients responded within two months and continue to respond to treatment with topical roflumilast monotherapy.
Discussion: SD is commonly considered to be caused by Malassezia yeast proliferation and activity, however recent research has revealed that the inflammatory skin disease results from immune dysregulation and skin barrier disruption with Malassezia contributing as an exacerbating factor secondary to the primary pathogenesis. Thus treatment with topical roflumilast, a highly potent phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, has been studied and demonstrated to be effective in treating the signs and symptoms of SD. Topical roflumilast 0.3% is formulated as a cream and a foam, with the foam approved for the treatment of SD. These cases demonstrate a successful treatment of patients with longstanding SD with roflumilast cream 0.3%.
Conclusion: These cases demonstrate that SD, treated with either roflumilast cream 0.3% or roflumilast foam 0.3% may provide improvement in signs and symptoms of SD.
A Woman with Plaques: Atypical Mycobacterial Infection Case Report
Authors: Jones Taylor , Hardy Lamar , Schleicher Stephen , Lyford Hugh 
Published: September 2024

Cosmetic enhancement products administered by injection are readily available online. These materials circumvent both the quality control manufacturing process and physician supervision. One of the most serious complications is infection with Mycobacterium abscessus. Described is the case of a forty-six-year-old female who purchased a compound promoted for dermal injection and subsequently developed a persistent skin infection with M. abscessus.
Computer Vision Meets Large Language Models: Performance of ChatGPT 4.0 on Dermatology Boards-Style Practice Questions
Authors: Smith Logan , Hanna Rana , Hatch Leigh , Hanna Karim 
Published: September 2024

Background: ChatGPT is a generative artificial intelligence that has numerous professional applications. Applications in medical education are currently being explored. ChatGPT 4.0 performance on image-based dermatology boards-style practice questions has not been assessed.
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy with which ChatGPT can answer dermatology boards examination practice questions.
Methods: 150 multiple-choice questions from the popular question bank DermQbank were inputted into ChatGPT. Of these, 83 were text-only questions and 67 had associated images. These same questions were inputted into ChatGPT again in July 2024. An additional 150 questions were inputted for a total of 300 different questions where 169 were text-only and 133 had associated images.
Results: Of the aggregate 300 question data, ChatGPT answered 232 questions correctly (77.3%). ChatGPT performed significantly better with text-only questions than with questions that included images (85.2% (144/169) vs 67.7% (90/133), P<.001). Of image-based questions, ChatGPT performed better with clinical image questions than with dermatopathology questions (69.0% (78/133) vs. 58.8% (10/17), P=.40), but this difference was not statistically significant partially due to the sample size of the dermatopathology questions. Compared to post-graduate year 4 (PGY-4) residents, ChatGPT performed above the 46th percentile. ChatGPT agreed with the answer choice picked by the majority of question bank users 75.3% of the time. Multivariable regression demonstrated that significant predictive variables for ChatGPT answering a question correctly included the percent of dermatology trainees who answered a question correctly and whether the question was text-based (P<.001and P=.004, respectively).
Conclusions: ChatGPT answered 77.3% of dermatology board examination practice questions correctly, performing above the 46th percentile of PGY-4 question bank users. If using ChatGPT as a study resource for dermatology board examination preparation, residents should be judicious with exactly how they employ ChatGPT to avoid learning incorrect information.
Rising Stars in Dermatology: Analysis of Lead Authorship Roles in the Published Literature
Authors: Shaikh Umayr , Ajmani Ayushya , Makaj David , Shah Payal 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The quality and progression of dermatologic research is significantly impacted by the contribution of first authors at different stages of their careers. Our study examines the association between first-author academic degree, financial sponsorship, and evidence quality published in three highly read journals from October 2013 to October 2023.
Methods: Data collection was conducted using REDCap, and statistical analyses were performed with Welch’s t-tests and chi-squared tests.
Results: A significant shift in first-author education levels was observed pre- and post-2018, with an increase in pre-doctoral (bachelor’s or master’s degree) compared to post-doctoral (MD or PhD) first authors (9.6% vs. 15.5%, p=0.04), indicating a trend of early-career researchers assuming lead roles in original investigations. Additionally, citation frequency did not differ between pre- and post-doctoral first authors (p=0.26), suggesting comparable research impact. However, post-doctoral first authors had a higher proportion of financial sponsorships (48% vs. 41%, p=0.014) and a higher quality of evidence based on study design (31.4% vs. 13.7%, p<0.001).
Discussion:The disparity in financial sponsorship and evidence quality highlights an opportunity for enhanced support of pre-doctoral early career researchers through mentorship programs and financial grants to potentially improve meaningful research productivity in dermatology.
ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF HETEROGENEOUS ACID CATALYSTS IN BIOFUEL PRODUCTION
Authors: Сафонов А.О. 
Published: September 2024

Для производства биодизельного топлива путем переэтерификации растительных масел можно применять кислотные катализаторы на основе соляной или серной кислот. Сейчас чаще используют гомогенные щелочные катализаторы, обеспечивающие высокую конверсию готового продукта за сравнительно небольшую продолжительность процесса. Но такие катализаторы требуют больших затрат на выделение из смеси продуктов для повторного использования. Также гомогенные кислотные катализаторы склонны вызывать коррозию оборудования. Для решения этих проблем целесообразно применять твердые гетерогенные катализаторы. Они не вызывают коррозию, малотоксичны и легко экстрагируются для многократного повторного использования, что снижает себестоимость процесса и позволяет обеспечить непрерывную работу реактора. Также непрерывность процесса минимизирует затраты на разделение и очистку готового топлива, делает его экономически выгодным. Среди гетерогенных катализаторов, рассмотренных в работе, наиболее перспективными являются кислотные соединения, а именно: ионообменные смолы, гетерополикислоты и нанесенные на подложку кислотные катализаторы. Для повышения эффективности процесса должны быть разработаны недорогие катализаторы, имеющие высокую активность и обеспечивающие высокий выход готового продукта. Научные достижения в процессе гидролиза являются перспективным путем промышленной коммерциализации гетерогенных кислотных катализаторов. Они могут полностью заменить используемые гомогенные катализаторы в производстве биодизельного топлива.
To produce biodiesel fuel by transesterification of vegetable oils, acid catalysts based on hydrochloric or sulfuric acids can be used. Nowadays, homogeneous alkaline catalysts are more often used, providing high conversion of the finished product in a relatively short process duration. But such catalysts require high costs for isolating products from the mixture for reuse. Also, homogeneous acid catalysts tend to cause corrosion of equipment. To solve these problems, it is advisable to use solid heterogeneous catalysts. They do not cause corrosion, have low toxicity and are easily extracted for repeated reuse, which reduces the cost of the process and allows for continuous operation of the reactor. Also, the continuity of the process minimizes the costs of separating and purifying the finished fuel, making it economically profitable. Among the heterogeneous catalysts considered in the work, the most promising are acidic compounds, namely: ion exchange resins, heteropolyacids and supported acid catalysts. To increase the efficiency of the process, inexpensive catalysts must be developed that have high activity and provide a high yield of the finished product. Scientific advances in the hydrolysis process are a promising route for the industrial commercialization of heterogeneous acid catalysts. They can completely replace the used homogeneous catalysts in the production of biodiesel.
INVESTIGATION OF DYNAMIC VULCANIZATION OF THERMOPLASTICS BASED ON RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Authors: Краев А.Д. , Бурков А.А. , Бояринцев Д.А. , Шестакова У.А. 
Published: September 2024

В настоящее время увеличивается выпуск и потребление изделий на основе полимеров. Одной из главных проблем является использование и производство полимеров из не возобновляемых источников сырья, таких как нефть и газ, что, в свою очередь, приводит к истощению природных ресурсов и накоплению отходов. Сокращение производства традиционных полимеров можно добиться за счет использования «зелёных» полимеров. В данной работе получен термоэластопласт на основе полимеров из возобновляемых ресурсов – полилактида и натурального каучука. Задачу по улучшению совместимости биополимеров решали путем проведения динамической вулканизации, инициированной органическим пероксидом. Исследован режим смешения и подобран порядок ввода компонентов. Получена серия образцов из различных соотношений полимерных компонентов матрицы, а также показано влияние различных дозировок органического пероксида на свойства получаемой композиции. Показано, что механические и потребительские свойства могут регулироваться содержанием основных компонентов и/или органического пероксида. Была исследована корреляция между составом и свойствами. Реологическими исследованиями и методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии охарактеризована структура образующихся композитов и доказано успешное проведение динамической вулканизации и образование поперечных связей.
Currently, the production and consumption of polymer-based products is increasing. One of the main problems is the use and production of polymers from non-renewable sources of raw materials such as oil and gas, which, in turn, leads to the depletion of natural resources and the accumulation of waste. Reducing the production of traditional polymers can be achieved through the use of "green" polymers. In this work, a thermoplastic elastomer based on polymers from renewable resources – polylactide and natural rubber - was obtained. The task of improving the compatibility of biopolymers was solved by dynamic vulcanization initiated by organic peroxide. The mixing mode is investigated and the order of component input is selected. A series of samples from different ratios of polymer components of the matrix was obtained, and the effect of different dosages of organic peroxide on the properties of the resulting composition was shown. It is shown that mechanical and consumer properties can be regulated by the content of the main components and/or organic peroxide. The correlation between the composition and properties was investigated. Rheological studies and scanning electron microscopy have characterized the structure of the resulting composites and proved the successful implementation of dynamic vulcanization and formation of cross-links.
METHODS of OBTAINING BENZIMIDAZOLE CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (REVIEW)
Authors: Шумилова Е.Ю. , Еремина В.В. 
Published: September 2024

Изучение и поиск уникальных, экологичных и эффективных фармакологически активных веществ остается приоритетной задачей в области фармацевтики. Бензимидазол, являясь азотсодержащим гетероциклическим соединением, входит в состав многих биологически активных веществ. В настоящее время в медицинской практике широко используются лекарственные препараты, содержащие бензимидазольное ядро. К таким препаратам относятся омепразол, альбендазол, астемизол, афобазол и др. Возрастающая резистентность микроорганизмов к лекарственным препаратам, вызывает острую необходимость разработки и изучения новых оригинальных соединений. В ходе изучения литературных данных о производных бензимидазолов, были предложены способы получения бензимидазол карбоновых кислот. Они являются необходимыми соединениями для дальнейшего получения ранее не исследованных производных бензимидазолов, обладающих выраженной биологической активностью.
The study of unique and eco-friendly pharmacologically active substances that are also effective remains an important task in the field of pharmaceutical research. Benzimidazole is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound that is part of many biologically active substances. At present, medicines containing benzimidazole nuclei are widely used in clinical practice. These include omeprazole, albenazole, astemizole, and afobazole. Due to the increasing resistance of microbes to drugs, there is an urgent need to develop and research new unique compounds. During the study of literature data on benzimidazole derivatives, methods for preparing benzimidazole carboxylic acids have been proposed. These acids are essential for the production of previously unknown benzimidazole derivatives that have biological activity
SPECIFICATION OF THE COMPOSITION OF DETONATION NANODIAMOND HYDROSOLS
Authors: Верещагин А.Л. , Цой Л.Д. , Бычин Н.В. 
Published: September 2024

Исследовано поведение при нагревании методом синхронного термического анализа гидрозоля детонационных наноалмазов с концентрацией 13 % масс. Кривая ДТА образца представляет собой суперпозицию трех составляющих. По результатам моделирования кубическим сплайном было установлено, что гидрозоль детонационных наноалмазов можно представить как смесь четырех гидрозолей с температурами максимума дегидратации 25 ⁰C, 32,5 ⁰C, 37 ⁰C и 38 ºС.
The heating behavior by synchronous thermal analysis of detonation nanodiamond hydrosol with a concentration of 13 wt% has been investigated. The DTA curve of the sample is a superposition of three components. According to the results of cubic spline modeling, it was found that the detonation nanodiamond hydrosol can be represented as a mixture of four hydrosols with dehydration maximum temperatures of 25 ⁰C, 32.5 ⁰C, 37 ⁰C, and 38 ºC.