bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased von Willebrand factor protease activity associated with thrombocytopenic disorders
Authors: Moore Jane C. , Hayward Catherine P. M. , Warkentin Theodore E. , Kelton John G. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Recent studies investigating thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) have implicated abnormal plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF)-cleaving metalloprotease activity in this disorder. It has been proposed that a metalloprotease cleaves unusually large (UL) multimers of vWF, which enter the circulation from the endothelium. Abnormal metalloprotease activity could result in ULvWF, which could participate in TTP. However, the diagnostic specificity of abnormalities in the plasma metalloprotease activity has not been established. A prospective study of vWF protease activity was performed using samples from 20 healthy controls, 20 patients with acute TTP, 20 patients with immune idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), 10 patients with disseminated intravascular thrombocytopenia (DIC), 10 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE,) and 5 thrombocytopenic patients with leukemia. Studies were performed blinded to the diagnosis. Samples from hospitalized patients with normal platelet counts were also tested. The vWF digests and multimer analysis were done using previously described methods. Six laboratory personnel independently scored each of the multimer gels. Reduced protease activity was observed in 9 of 20 patients with TTP. Reduced activity was also observed in 6 of 20 patients with ITP, 6 of 10 patients with DIC, 5 of 10 patients with SLE, 1 of 5 patients with leukemia, 2 of 20 healthy controls, and 3 of 25 hospitalized patients. This study indicates that abnormalities of vWF protease activity are not restricted to patients with the diagnosis of TTP.
Crosswell traveltime tomography in three dimensions
Authors: Washbourne John K. , Rector James W. , Bube Kenneth P. 
Published: July 2002

Conventional crosswell direct‐arrival traveltime tomography solves for velocity in a 2‐D slice of the subsurface joining two wells. Many 3‐D aspects of real crosswell surveys, including well deviations and out‐of‐well‐plane structure, are ignored in 2‐D models. We present a 3‐D approach to crosswell tomography that is capable of handling severe well deviations and multiple‐profile datasets.Three‐dimensional pixelized models would be even more seriously underdetermined than the pixelized models that have been used in 2‐D tomography. We, therefore, employ a thinly layered, vertically discontinuous 3‐D velocity model that greatly reduces the number of model parameters. The layers are separated by 2‐D interfaces represented as 2‐D Chebyshev polynomials that are determined using a priori structural information and remain fixed in the traveltime inversion. The velocity in each layer is also represented as a 2‐D Chebyshev polynomial. Unlike pixelized models that provide limited vertical resolution and may be overparameterized horizontally, this 3‐D model provides vertical resolution comparable to the scale of wireline logs, and reduces the degrees of freedom in the horizontal parameterization to the expected in‐line and out‐of‐well‐plane horizontal resolution available in crosswell traveltime data.Ray tracing for the nonlinear traveltime inversion is performed in three dimensions. The 3‐D tomography problem is regularized using penalty constraints with a continuation strategy that allows us to extrapolate the velocity field to a 3‐D region containing the 2‐D crosswell profile. Although this velocity field cannot be expected to be accurate throughout the 3‐D region, it is at least as accurate as 2‐D tomograms near the well plane of each 2‐D crosswell profile. Futhermore, multiple‐profile crosswell data can be inverted simultaneously to resolve better the 3‐D distribution of velocity near the profiles.Our velocity parameterization is quite different from pixelized models, so resolution properties will be different. Using wave‐modeled synthetic data, we find that near horizontal raypaths have the largest mismatch between ray‐traced traveltimes and traveltimes estimated from the data. In conventional tomography, horizontal raypaths are essential for high vertical resolution. With our model, however, the highest resolution and most accurate inversions are achieved by excluding raypaths that travel nearly parallel to the geologic layering. We perform this exclusion in both a static and model‐based manner. We apply our 3‐D method to a multiple‐profile crosswell survey at the Cymric oil field in California, an area of very steep structural dips and significant well trajectory deviations. Results of this multiple‐profile 3‐D tomography correlate very well with the independently‐processed single profile results, with the advantage of an improved tie at the common well.
Pregnancy Outcome After Treatment for Wilms Tumor: A Report From the National Wilms Tumor Study Group
Authors: Green Daniel M. , Peabody Eve M. , Nan Bin , Peterson Susan , Kalapurakal John A. , Breslow Norman E. 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to determine the effect, if any, of prior treatment with radiation therapy or chemotherapy for Wilms tumor diagnosed during childhood or adolescence on live births, birthweight, and the frequency of congenital malformations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed pregnancy outcomes among survivors of Wilms tumor treated with or without irradiation to the flank or tumor bed on National Wilms Tumor Studies 1, 2, 3, and 4 using a maternal questionnaire and review of both maternal and offspring medical records. RESULTS: We received reports regarding 427 pregnancies with duration of 20 weeks or longer, including 409 liveborn singletons for whom 309 sets of medical records were reviewed. Malposition of the fetus and early or threatened labor were more frequent among irradiated women. Both were more frequent among women who received higher radiation therapy doses. The offspring of the irradiated female patients were more likely to weigh less than 2,500 g at birth and to be of less than 36 weeks gestation, with both being more frequent after higher doses of radiation. An increased percentage of offspring of irradiated females had one or more congenital malformations. CONCLUSION: Women who receive flank radiation therapy as part of their treatment for Wilms tumor are at increased risk of fetal malposition and premature labor. The offspring of these women are at risk for low birthweight, premature (< 36 weeks gestation) birth, and the occurrence of congenital malformations. These risks must be considered in the obstetrical management of female survivors of Wilms tumor.
Prognostic Factors and Changes in Pain, Physical Functioning, and Participation in Patients With Hip and/or Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cijs Bastiaan , Stekelenburg Ruben , Veenhof Cindy , Knoop Jesper , Boymans Tim , de Rooij Mariëtte , Kloek Corelien 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to systematically synthesize literature on prognostic factors of changes in either direction (ie, worsening or improvement) in pain, physical functioning, and participation in patients with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsStudies included in two preceding reviews underwent full‐text screening for inclusion in the current review. Additionally, an extensive literature search was conducted in five databases. Title/abstract screening was performed using an active learning program. Inclusion criteria comprised patients diagnosed with knee and/or hip OA, with the dependent variable assessing pain, physical functioning, or participation. Potential associated prognostic factors were measured as independent variables. The methodologic quality of studies was assessed with the Hayden criteria.ResultsA total of 31 studies were included in this systematic review. In patients with knee OA, pain worsening was associated with lower physical functioning (strong evidence) and with higher body mass index, ethnicity, and a higher comorbidity count (moderate evidence). Also, in patients with knee OA, pain improvement was associated with less pain at baseline (moderate evidence). In patients with knee and/or hip OA, worsening of physical functioning exhibited associations with higher body mass index, more pain, more hip pain, a higher comorbidity count, higher avoidance of activities (strong evidence), and ethnicity (moderate evidence). In patients with knee OA, improvement in physical functioning showed an association with higher vitality (moderate evidence). Regarding the remaining prognostic factors, there is weak, inconclusive, or inconsistent evidence for an association with the outcomes. In patients with hip OA, only weak evidence was found for three factors predicting a change in physical functioning.ConclusionThis review encompasses prognostic factors associated with changes in either direction (ie, worsening or improvement) in pain, physical functioning, and participation. The results are consistent with other reviews. Future research should place a stronger emphasis on patients with hip OA and participation as an outcome.
Stimuli‐responsive enaminitrile molecular switches as tunable AIEgens covering the chromaticity space, operating out‐of‐equilibrium, and acting as vapor sensors
Authors: Ren Yansong , Kravberg Alexander , Xie Sheng , Grape Erik Svensson , Yang Zhen , Inge A. Ken , Yan Mingdi , Ramström Olof 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA family of responsive enaminitrile molecular switches showing tunable turn‐on fluorescence upon switching and aggregation is reported. When activated by the addition of acid/base, isomerization around the C═C bond could be effectuated, resulting in complete and reversible switching to the E‐ or Z‐isomers. Typical aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) could be recorded for one specific state of the different switches. By subtle tailoring of the parent structure, a series of compounds with emissions covering almost the full visible color range were obtained. The switchable AIE features of the enaminitrile structures enabled their demonstration as solid‐state chemosensors to detect acidic and basic vapors, where the emission displayed an “off‐on‐off” effect. Furthermore, switching to the Z‐configuration could be driven out‐of‐equilibrium through transient changes in acidity while giving rise to fluorescence. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction measurements suggested a luminescence mechanism based on restriction of intramolecular rotation and an intramolecular charge transfer effect in the AIE luminogens.
White matter hyperintensity on MRI and plasma Aβ42/40 ratio additively increase the risk of cognitive impairment in hypertensive adults
Authors: de Havenon Adam , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Willamson Jeff D. , Rost Natalia , Sharma Richa , Li Vivian , Littig Lauren , Stulberg Eric , Falcone Guido J. , Prabhakaran Shyam , Schneider Andrea L. C. , Sheth Kevin N. , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Brickman Adam M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONDementia often involves comorbid Alzheimer's and vascular pathology, but their combined impact warrants additional study.METHODSWe analyzed the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial and categorized white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume into highest versus lowest/mid tertile and the amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40 ratio into lowest versus mid/highest ratio tertile. Using these binary variables, we created four exposure categories: (1) combined low risk, (2) Aβ risk, (3) WMH risk, and (4) combined high risk.RESULTSIn the cohort of 467 participants (mean age 69.7 ± 7.1, 41.8% female, 31.9% nonwhite or Hispanic) during 4.8 years of follow‐up and across the four exposure categories the rates of cognitive impairment were 5.3%, 7.8%, 11.8%, and 22.6%. Compared to the combined low‐risk category, the adjusted hazard ratio for cognitive impairment was 4.12 (95% confidence interval, 1.71 to 9.94) in the combined high‐risk category.DISCUSSIONThis study emphasizes the potential impact of therapeutic approaches to dementia prevention that target both vascular and amyloid pathology.Highlights
White matter hyperintensity (WMH) and plasma amyloid (Aβ42/40) are additive risk factors for the development of cognitive impairment in the SPRINT MIND trial.
Individuals in the high‐risk categories of both WMH and Aβ42/40 had a near fivefold increase in risk of cognitive impairment during 4.8 years of follow‐up on average.
These findings suggest that treatment strategies targeting both vascular health and amyloid burden warrant further research.
Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated graphene oxide nanosheets derived from Lissachatina fulica snail mucus and their biomedical applications
Authors: Ganesan Manimegalai , Muthaiah Chandran , Wadaan Mohammad Ahmad , Kumar Manimaran , Yanto Dede Heri Yuli , Kumar Selvaraj , Selvankumar Thangasamy , Arulraj Arunachalam , Mangalaraja Ramalinga Viswanathan , Suganthi Sanjeevamuthu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe modern nanomedicine incorporates the multimodal treatments into a single formulation, offering innovative cancer therapy options. Nanosheets function as carriers, altering the solubility, biodistribution, and effectiveness of medicinal compounds, resulting in more efficient cancer treatments and reduced side effects. The non‐toxic nature of fluorinated graphene oxide (FGO) nanosheets and their potential applications in medication delivery, medical diagnostics, and biomedicine distinguish them from others. Leveraging the unique properties of Lissachatina fulica snail mucus (LfSM), FGO nanosheets were developed to reveal the novel characteristics. Consequently, LfSM was utilized to create non‐toxic, environmentally friendly, and long‐lasting FGO nanosheets. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy revealed a prominent absorbance peak at 235 nm. The characterization of the synthesized FGO nanosheets involved X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses. The antimicrobial activity data demonstrated a broad spectrum of antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The cytotoxicity efficacy of LfSM‐FGO nanosheets against pancreatic cancer cell line (PANC1) showed promising results at low concentrations. The study suggests that FGO nanosheets made from LfSM could serve as alternate factors for in biomedical applications in the future.
Teaching protein structure and function through molecular visualization
Authors: Baland Elisabeth , Pérez Jimenez Lucía , Mateus André 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe function of proteins is governed by their three‐dimensional structure. This structure is determined by the chemical characteristics and atomic interactions of amino acids. Students of biochemistry, with a particular focus on protein chemistry, benefit from looking at protein structures and understanding how proteins are built and fold. Due to their three‐dimensional nature, static two‐dimensional representations in textbooks can be limiting to student learning. Here, we developed a series of tutorials that introduce students to molecular graphics software. The students are challenged to apply the software to look at proteins and to get a deeper understanding of how amino acid properties are linked to structure. We also familiarize students with some of the latest tools in computational structural biology. Students performed the tutorials with visual enthusiasm and reported general satisfaction in being able to visualize theoretical concepts learned during lectures. We further stimulated student engagement by allowing space for self‐exploration. We share the tutorial instructions for other teachers to build on them, and we also offer suggestions for further improvement based on student feedback. In summary, we present a series of tutorials aimed at students of an advanced course in protein biochemistry to enable them to explore the universe of protein structures and how those relate to function.
Unpacking the social construction of blame: A qualitative exploration of race, place, and victimhood in the aftermath of George Floyd's death
Authors: McIntosh Doneila L. , Pasco Michelle C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecognized as a prominent social phenomenon in the aftermath of homicide and death after police contact (DAPC), the social construction of blame (SCB) underscores how race and class are the primary forces that shape the experience of loss for families, but also designates blame on the victim. In this sense, victimhood is socially constructed, leading to instances where blame is apportioned to victims for their demise, at times, not stemming from their actions but instead rooted in the perceived moral value of the deceased individual. Drawing from this work, the current qualitative study seeks to understand the effect of DAPC has on neighbourhoods and the perspectives of residents who live in and near the communities where DAPC occurs. Using data collected from 41 young adults from various ethnic‐racial backgrounds and numerous parts of Minnesota—including the Minneapolis metropolitan area and adjacent suburbs, participants shared their understanding of the factors contributing to the SCB in the aftermath of George Floyd's death. Findings revealed two factors that contributed to the social construction of blame: (1) Attributions of Cause (e.g., race‐coding) and (2) Designations of Blame as identified by the participants. This research underscores the intricate connection of societal factors, like race and place in shaping the construction of blame and victimhood after tragedies like George Floyd's death.
Sex‐Specific Differences in Cardiovascular Adaptations and Risks in Elite Athletes: Bridging the Gap in Sports Cardiology
Authors: Afaghi Siamak , Rahimi Fatemeh Sadat , Soltani Pegah , Kiani Arda , Abedini Atefeh 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe growing participation of women in competitive sports necessitates a comprehensive understanding of sex‐specific cardiovascular adaptations and risks. Historically, research has predominantly focused on male athletes, leaving a gap in knowledge about the unique cardiovascular dynamics of female peers.Hypothesiswe hypothesized that female athletes exhibit distinct cardiovascular adaptations and face different risks, influenced by physiological, hormonal, and structural differences.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted, analyzing studies on cardiovascular responses and adaptations in athletes. Data were extracted on hemodynamic changes, autonomic and neural reflex regulation, cardiac remodeling, and arrhythmias. Comparative analyses were performed to identify sex‐specific patterns and discrepancies in cardiovascular health outcomes.ResultsWe revealed considerable sex differences in cardiovascular adaptations to athletic training. Female athletes generally have longer QT intervals, greater sinoatrial node automaticity, and enhanced atrioventricular node function compared to males. They also exhibit lower sympathetic activity, lower maximal stroke volumes, and a tendency toward eccentric cardiac remodeling. Conversely, male athletes are more prone to concentric hypertrophy and higher incidences of bradyarrhythmia and accessory pathway arrhythmias. Female athletes are more likely to experience symptomatic atrial fibrillation and face higher procedural complications during catheter ablation.ConclusionsOur findings underscore the necessity for sex‐specific approaches in sports cardiology. Recognizing and addressing these differences could enhance performance and reduce adverse cardiac events in athletes. Future research should focus on developing tailored screening, prevention, and treatment strategies to bridge the knowledge gap and promote cardiovascular health in both male and female athletes.
Reliable information delivery and dynamic link utilization in MANET cloud using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Kuang Shuhong , Zhang Jiyong , Mohajer Amin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractModern networking demands efficient and reliable information delivery within Mobile Ad‐hoc Network (MANET) and cloud environments. This paper introduces a novel approach that employs Multi‐Agent Deep Learning (MADL) for adaptive resource allocation, addressing the challenges of optimizing traffic and ensuring dependable information delivery while adhering to Service Level Agreement (SLA) constraints. Our method dynamically allocates resources across nodes, leveraging the synergy between Advanced Cloud Computing and Edge Computing to balance centralized processing and localized adaptability. The integration of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) further enhances this process by adapting resource allocation decisions based on network topology. Through iterative learning, our algorithm fine‐tunes continuous‐time resource optimization policies, resulting in substantial improvements in throughput and latency minimization. Simulations validate the effectiveness of our approach, demonstrating its potential to contribute to the advancement of MANET cloud networks by offering adaptability, efficiency, and real‐time optimization for reliable information delivery and dynamic link utilization.
The macroscale routing mechanism of structural brain connectivity related to body mass index
Authors: Kim Chae Yeon , Park Yunseo , Namgung Jong Young , Park Yeongjun , Park Bo‐yong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the brain's mechanisms in individuals with obesity is important for managing body weight. Prior neuroimaging studies extensively investigated alterations in brain structure and function related to body mass index (BMI). However, how the network communication among the large‐scale brain networks differs across BMI is underinvestigated. This study used diffusion magnetic resonance imaging of 290 young adults to identify links between BMI and brain network mechanisms. Navigation efficiency, a measure of network routing, was calculated from the structural connectivity computed using diffusion tractography. The sensory and frontoparietal networks indicated positive associations between navigation efficiency and BMI. The neurotransmitter association analysis identified that serotonergic and dopaminergic receptors, as well as opioid and norepinephrine systems, were related to BMI‐related alterations in navigation efficiency. The transcriptomic analysis found that genes associated with network routing across BMI overlapped with genes enriched in excitatory and inhibitory neurons, specifically, gene enrichments related to synaptic transmission and neuron projection. Our findings suggest a valuable insight into understanding BMI‐related alterations in brain network routing mechanisms and the potential underlying cellular biology, which might be used as a foundation for BMI‐based weight management.