bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microarray gene expression during early healing of GBR‐treated calvarial critical size defects
Authors: Al‐Kattan R. , Retzepi M. , Calciolari E. , Donos N. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the gene expression and molecular pathways implicated in the regulation of the osseous healing process following guided bone regeneration (GBR).Material and methodsSix 6‐month‐old Wistar male rats were used. Standardized 5‐mm critical size defects were created in the parietal bones of each animal and treated with an extracranial and intracranial ePTFE membrane, according to the GBR principle. Three animals were randomly sacrificed after 7 and 15 days of healing. Total RNA was extracted from each sample and prepared for gene expression analysis. RNA quality and quantity were assessed, followed by hybridization of the cRNA to Affymetrix GeneChip Rat Genome 230 2.0 Arrays. The Affymetrix data were processed, and first‐order analysis, quality control and statistical analysis were performed. Biological interpretation was performed via pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis.ResultsBetween the 7‐ and 15‐day samples, 538 genes were differently regulated. At day 7, inflammatory and immune responses were clearly upregulated. In addition, GO terms related to angiogenesis and cell cycle regulation were overexpressed. At day 15, a more complex cellular activity and cell metabolism were evident. The bone formation processes were significantly overexpressed, with several genes encoding growth factors, enzyme activity, and extracellular matrix formation found as upregulated. Remarkably, a negative regulation of Wnt signalling pathway was observed at 15 days.DiscussionThe gene expression profile of the cells participating in osseous formation varied depending on the healing stage. A number of candidate genes that seem differentially expressed during early stages of intramembranous bone regeneration was suggested.
Utility of 18 F‐FDG PET/CT scan to diagnose the etiology of fever of unknown origin in patients on dialysis
Authors: Tek Chand Kalawat , Chennu Krishna Kishore , Amancharla Yadagiri Lakshmi , Manthri Gupta Ranadheer , Rapur Ram , Vishnubotla Siva Kumar 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntroduction: Studies on fever of unknown origin (FUO) in patients of chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease patients on dialysis were not many. In this study, we used 18 F‐FDG PET/CT scan whole body survey for detection of hidden infection, in patients on dialysis, labelled as FUO.Methods: In this retrospective study, 20 patients of end stage renal disease on dialysis were investigated for the cause of FUO using 18F‐FDG PET/CT scan. All these patients satisfied the definition of FUO as defined by Petersdorf and Beeson. Any focal abnormal site of increased FDG concentration detected by PET/CT, either a solitary or multiple lesions was documented and at least one of the detected abnormal sites of radio tracer concentration was further examined for histopathology.Findings: All patients were on renal replacement therapy. Of these, 18 were on hemodialysis and two were on peritoneal dialysis. 18F‐FDG PET/CT scan showed metabolically active lesions in 15 patients and metabolically quiescent in five patients. After 18F‐FDG PET/CT scan all, but one patient had a change in treatment for fever. Anti‐tuberculous treatment was given in 15 patients, antibiotics in four patients and anti‐malaria treatment in one patient.Discussion: The present study is first study of 18F‐FDG PET/CT scan in patients of end stage renal disease on dialysis with FUO. The study showed that the 18 F FDG PET/CT scan may present an opportunity to attain the diagnosis in end stage renal disease patients on dialysis with FUO.
Indoxyl sulfate, a valuable biomarker in chronic kidney disease and dialysis
Authors: Tan Xiao , Cao Xuesen , Zou Jianzhou , Shen Bo , Zhang Xiaoyan , Liu Zhonghua , Lv Wenlv , Teng Jie , Ding Xiaoqiang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly recognized disease with high global incidence and mortality. Yet, the existing diagnostic tools are not sufficient enough to predict prognosis of CKD and CKD comorbidities. Indoxyl sulfate, a typical uremic toxin, is of great importance in the development of CKD with its nephrotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, and bone toxicity. Some reports suggest that indoxyl sulfate directly associate with renal function loss and mortality in CKD patients. This review discusses the diagnostic value of indoxyl sulfate from its biological characteristics, pathophysiological effects, related therapies, and its diagnostic value in clinical studies.
Laser fluorescence of caries detection in permanent teeth in vitro: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rosa Maria I , Schambeck Vilson S , Dondossola Eduardo R , Alexandre Maria CM , Tuon Lisiane , Grande Antonio J , Hugo Fernando 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground/objectivesThe detection of dental caries in the early stages, particularly on the occlusal surfaces, has become a mainstay of contemporary clinical practice. The objective of the study was to verify the accuracy of laser fluorescence for caries detection.MethodsA comprehensive search of the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, IBECS, BIOSIS, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Congress Abstracts, and Grey literature databases was undertaken from 1980 through January 2016. We included cross‐sectional studies that evaluated laser fluorescence in caries diagnoses in vitro and compared them with histological analyses.ResultsA total of 39 articles were included in the meta‐analysis, which included 2082 caries sites. The pooled sensitivity was 0.71 (0.69, 0.73), and the specificity was 0.81 (0.73, 0.82). The diagnostic odds ratio was 14.93 (11.2, 19.9). A summary receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed. The area under the curve was 0.865.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis showed that laser fluorescence in vitro had the ability to diagnose occlusal caries lesions in permanent teeth and enamel and dentin caries.
Breaking The Cycle Of Intergenerational Child Maltreatment: A Case For Active Efforts For Dependent Minor Parents And Their Children In State Custody
Authors: Hirst Eliza M. , Jones Annika L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDependent minor parents placed in foster care with their children often face significant hurdles. These parents are responsible to make caregiving decisions for their children, while they themselves fall under the caregiving responsibility of the state child welfare system. As such, dependent minor parents live in a “twilight zone” – they hold full parental rights, but limited rights as teenagers. For a number of reasons, the children of minor parents in foster care often come into state custody. When two generations are in foster care at the same time, states must balance the safety and best interests of the children with the rights of minor parents to care for their own children. Currently, the state child welfare system is only required to provide “reasonable efforts” to reunify parents with children when they have been removed from their care for abuse, neglect, or dependency. However, dependent minor parents in state custody often require more supportive services in order to successfully reunify with their children than in a typical child welfare case. This article places the circumstance just described in the context of dependent minor parents’ constitutionally protected rights, and advocates for a higher standard which would require states to provide “active efforts” to protect and preserve these young families.
A randomized clinical trial on the comparison between hair shaving and snipping prior to laser hair removal sessions in women suffering from hirsutism
Authors: Alijanpour Robabeh , Aliakbarpour Fatemeh 
Published: September 2016

SummaryBackground and objectivesHirsutism or excess hair growth is a common dermatological problem in females, affecting up to 10% of females worldwide. We aimed this study to compare the two hair‐shortening methods shaving vs. snipping among hirsute women regarding the outcome of the therapy and also the paradoxical hypertrichosis phenomenon (terminal hair regrowth) 6 months after the final therapy session.Materials and MethodsIn this study, 129 premenopausal women affected by hirsutism were randomly divided into two study groups according to hair‐shortening method: shaving as group A (66 patients) and hair shortening by scissor as group B (63 patients). Each patient received six alexandrite laser therapy sessions every month for six consecutive months. Chin hairs in a 5 × 5 cm2 zone were counted, and the paradoxical hair regrowth was evaluated four times during the study: once at baseline, once before the third session, once before the sixth session, and once 6 months after the last laser session.ResultsBefore the third session, the counts were 15.06 ± 5.20 in group A and 13.07 ± 4.44 in group B (P = 0.022); both counts were meaningfully less than the baseline count (P < 0.001). The counts before the sixth session were 2.80 ± 1.16 in group A and 2.71 ± 1.12 in group B (P = 0.673); the counts were significantly lower than the previous session (P < 0.001). Six months after the last laser session, the counts were 11.27 ± 9.30 in group A and 8.15 ± 3.12 in group B (P = 0.012). Paradoxical hypertrichosis was observed in three patients of group A vs. no patients in group B.ConclusionWe found that alexandrite laser therapy is really effective for treating hirsutism. Both shaving and using a scissor for hair shortening showed similar short‐term results, but in one‐year follow‐up, paradoxical hypertrichosis was only observed in shaving group and also a lower hair count was observed in the snipping group.
Blissfully Blind or Painfully Aware? Exploring the Beliefs People With Interpersonal Problems Have About Their Reputation
Authors: Carlson Erika N. , Wright Aidan G. C. , Imam Hira 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveProblematic interpersonal behavior might stem from and be maintained by the beliefs people have about how others see them (i.e., metaperceptions). The current study tested whether people with interpersonal problems formed more or less accurate metaperceptions about their personality (meta‐accuracy), whether they thought others saw them in more or less positive ways (positivity), and whether they underestimated or overestimated how much others saw them as they saw themselves (transparency).MethodParticipants (NTime1 = 189; NTime2 = 175; Mage = 19.78; 36% male) completed a measure of interpersonal problems and provided personality judgments and metaperceptions for a group of peers after a first impression and after 4 months of acquaintanceship.ResultsGeneralized distress was associated with less positive metaperceptions at both times and with higher meta‐accuracy after 4 months. Dominance problems were not associated with meta‐accuracy, positivity, or transparency after a first impression, but dominance was linked to lower meta‐accuracy and lower positivity after 4 months. Affiliation problems were associated with higher meta‐accuracy after a first impression and with higher positivity and transparency at both times.ConclusionsMetaperceptions were linked to interpersonal problems, and these expectations might partially explain some maladaptive patterns of behavior.
Optimizing camera‐trapping protocols for characterizing mesocarnivore communities in south‐western Europe
Authors: Ferreras P. , Díaz‐Ruiz F. , Alves P. C. , Monterroso P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCarnivores are elusive, nocturnal and scarce, hence, their detection is difficult. Camera trapping has become a powerful non‐invasive technique for collecting information on such elusive species. Some of its major applications are species inventories and community monitoring. Some efforts have been recently devoted to standardize protocols for monitoring mammal communities in tropical areas. Nevertheless, there is a lack of standardization across studies for monitoring carnivore communities in temperate areas. We aimed to optimize camera‐trapping protocols for monitoring mesocarnivore communities in Mediterranean areas, minimizing sampling effort to accurately estimate species richness. For this purpose, we assessed the effect of number of cameras, time they remain active, area covered and spatial arrangement on species richness estimates. We used between 50 and 60 camera‐traps combined with generalist scent attractants in two national parks located in central Spain. We generated random sets of 5–40 cameras and evaluated the accumulated richness between 1 and 30 days since deployment. Generalized linear model analysis indicates that active days, number of cameras, covered area and study area best explained species richness. A minimum of 30 active cameras during 20 days were required for attaining the asymptotical species richness. A larger effort was required to detect all species in the study area with higher species richness (six vs. five species). These results agree with the effort required for obtaining at least one camera image of those species with the lowest detection rates. Scattered deployments required less effort (number of cameras) to reach an asymptote of species richness than clumped layouts, although differences were not significant. These findings can be used as guidelines for monitoring mesocarnivore communities with camera‐traps in temperate areas, although particular monitoring requirements will depend on the community composition and density of mesocarnivore species present in a given study area.
Water in the Martian interior—The geodynamical perspective
Authors: Breuer Doris , Plesa Ana‐Catalina , Tosi Nicola , Grott Matthias 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPetrological analysis of the Martian meteorites suggests that rheologically significant amounts of water are present in the Martian mantle. A bulk mantle water content of at least a few tens of ppm is thus expected to be present despite the potentially efficient degassing during accretion, magma ocean solidification, and subsequent volcanism. We examine the dynamical consequences of different thermochemical evolution scenarios testing whether they can lead to the formation and preservation of mantle reservoirs, and compare model predictions with available data. First, the simplest scenario of a homogenous mantle that emerges when ignoring density changes caused by the extraction of partial melt is found to be inconsistent with the isotopic evidence for distinct reservoirs provided by the analysis of the Martian meteorites. In a second scenario, reservoirs can form as a result of partial melting that induces a density change in the depleted mantle with respect to its primordial composition. However, efficient mantle mixing prevents these reservoirs from being preserved until present unless they are located in the stagnant lid. Finally, reservoirs could be formed during fractional crystallization of a magma ocean. In this case, however, the mantle would likely end up being stably stratified as a result of the global overturn expected to accompany the fractional crystallization. Depending on the assumed density contrast, little secondary crust would be produced and the lithosphere would be extremely cool and dry, in contrast to observations. In summary, it is very challenging to obtain a self‐consistent evolution scenario that satisfies all available constraints.
A tree of tree frogs around the Black Sea
Authors: Irwin Darren E. 
Published: September 2016

Speciation, the process by which one species evolves into two or more, is a major focus of ongoing debate, particularly regarding the geographic context in which it occurs. Geographic models of speciation tend to fall into discrete categories, typically referred to as allopatric, parapatric and sympatric speciation, according to whether two groups evolve reproductive isolation while geographically isolated, differentiated but connected by gene flow, or completely co‐occurring. Yet molecular studies indicate that full development of reproductive isolation can take very long compared with the timescale at which climatic oscillations occur, such that the geographic context of differentiating forms might change often during the long process to full species. Studies of genetic relationships across the ranges of organisms with low‐dispersal distances have the potential to reveal these complex histories. In a particularly elegant example in this issue, Dufresnes et al. () use genetic variation and ecological niche modelling to show that a ring of populations of the eastern tree frog (Hyla orientalis) surrounding the Black Sea had a complex history of geographic differentiation. Alternating phases of geographic fragmentation and phases of gene flow between neighbouring populations have produced a pattern of gradual genetic change connecting the western, southern and eastern sides of the ring, with the northwestern and northeastern forms being most differentiated. In the north, a population in Crimea appears to have been produced through mixture of the two extreme forms. The overall genetic relationships are reminiscent of those found in ring species, which have been used as prime demonstrations of the process of speciation. The difference, however, is that the terminal forms appear to have mixed rather than be reproductively isolated, although more research is needed to infer whether there might be some reproductive isolation on the northern side of the ring.
Diverse multi‐organ histopathologic changes in a failed Fontan patient
Authors: Mizuno Masanori , Ohuchi Hideo , Matsuyama Taka‐aki , Miyazaki Aya , Ishibashi‐Ueda Hatsue , Yamada Osamu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe report multi‐organ histopathological changes in a patient with protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE) over 12 years after Fontan operation. A 14‐year‐old boy with right isomerism heart and single ventricle had undergone Fontan procedure at 19 months of age, and PLE was diagnosed at 28 months. He had several episodes of intestinal bleeding and pre‐renal failure with elevated creatine, and eventually died of pneumonia. The intrapulmonary small arteries showed medial and intimal thickening resembling pulmonary hypertension. No major ulcerative lesions were found in the small or large intestines. Dilated lymph ducts, one of the characteristic features of PLE, were not seen in mucosal and submucosal areas. Liver cirrhosis was obvious despite little increase in liver enzymes. Histological changes in bilateral kidneys were subtle despite repeated episodes of renal failure. Thus, there may be significant discrepancies between clinical manifestations and multi‐organ histological changes in failed Fontan patients.
Hybrid event beds dominated by transitional‐flow facies: character, distribution and significance in the Maastrichtian Springar Formation, north‐west Vøring Basin, Norwegian Sea
Authors: Southern Sarah J. , Kane Ian A. , Warchoł Michał J. , Porten Kristin W. , McCaffrey William D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHybrid event beds comprising clay‐poor and clay‐rich sandstone are abundant in Maastrichtian‐aged sandstones of the Springar Formation in the north‐west Vøring Basin, Norwegian Sea. This study focuses on an interval, informally referred to as the Lower Sandstone, which has been penetrated in five wells that are distributed along a 140 km downstream transect. Systematic variations in bed style within this stratigraphic interval are used to infer variation in flow behaviour in relatively proximal and distal settings, although individual beds were not correlated. The Lower Sandstone shows an overall reduction in total thickness, bed amalgamation, sand to mud ratio and grain size in distal wells. Turbidites dominated by clay‐poor sandstone are at their most common in relatively proximal wells, whereas hybrid event beds are at their most common in distal wells. Hybrid event beds typically comprise a basal clay‐poor sandstone (non‐stratified or stratified) overlain by banded sandstone, with clay‐rich non‐stratified sandstone at the bed top. The dominant type of clay‐poor sandstone at the base of these beds varies spatially; non‐stratified sandstone is thickest and most common proximally, whereas stratified sandstone becomes dominant in distal wells. Stratified and banded sandstone record progressive deposition of the hybrid event bed. Thus, the facies succession within hybrid event beds records the longitudinal heterogeneity of flow behaviour within the depositional boundary layer; this layer changed from non‐cohesive at the front, through a region of transitional behaviour (fluctuating non‐cohesive and cohesive flow), to cohesive behaviour at the rear. Spatial variation in the dominant type of clay‐poor sandstone at the bed base suggests that the front of the flow remained non‐cohesive, and evolved from high‐concentration and turbulence‐suppressed to increasingly turbulent flow; this is thought to occur in response to deposition and declining sediment fallout. This research may be applicable to other hybrid event bed prone systems, and emphasizes the dynamic nature of hybrid flows.
Use of continuous simulation model (COSIMAT) as a complementary tool to model sewer systems: a case study on the Paruck collector, Brussels, Belgium
Authors: Nkiaka E. , Shrestha N. K. , Leta O. T. , Bauwens W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEpisodic Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) discharges effectively control the ecological status of receiving water bodies. Hydrodynamic models like the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) are often used to model the CSO events. However, such detailed models are computationally demanding especially when a long‐term simulation of a complex system is required. Considering this, we developed an alternative simple continuous simulation model (COSIMAT) using the SIMULINK™ module in MATLAB™ as a means of solving the issue of computational time associated with the detailed models. The COSIMAT model was tested against a detailed model set up on the SWMM. The Paruck collector – one of the major Collector of the Brussels’ sewer system was used as an example case. Results showed that the accuracy of the simplified COSIMAT model was comparable to that of the detailed hydrodynamic model (SWMM) with a significant reduction of computational time by a factor of 8. We believe such alternative approaches would be useful to replace a computationally demanding model component of an integrated modelling system of a complex sewer system.