bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relação entre tamanho e estrutura da rede de apoio e o tempo individual dedicado à atenção ao idoso na cidade de São Paulo, 2000
Authors: Corrêa Cristiane Silva , Queiroz Bernardo Lanza , Fazito Dimitri 
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo investiga como o tamanho e a estrutura da rede social do idoso influenciam a atenção que lhe é dedicada por cada indivíduo de sua rede. Para tanto, foram criados dois índices de atenção ao idoso, a partir de dados da Pesquisa Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento na América Latina e Caribe (Sabe) para a cidade de São Paulo, em 2000, e utilizados modelos de regressão logística ordenados. Considerou-se que a atenção dedicada ao idoso requer tempo e comunicação e que sua rede de apoio engloba tanto os corresidentes quanto seus filhos e irmãos não corresidentes e demais pessoas não corresidentes que possuem alguma relação com o idoso. Utilizando modelos de regressão logística ordenados, encontraram-se associações entre a atenção que cada indivíduo dedica ao idoso e as variáveis que designam a estrutura e o tamanho familiar. Constatou-se que a atenção e o tempo dedicado ao idoso, além de relacionados às características das pessoas envolvidas, a estrutura e o tamanho da rede, estão também associados à estrutura, tamanho e características das redes sociais dessas pessoas. Por exemplo, uma rede maior implica que o idoso recebe menos atenção de cada membro dela. A pessoa que casou apenas uma vez tem maior chance de receber níveis mais elevados de atenção. Uma maior proporção de filhas na prole implica que estas assumem a maior parte da responsabilidade, enquanto outros membros da rede são menos presentes.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/S0102-309820160005
Aglomerações urbanas e mobilidade populacional: o caso da Região Metropolitana de Campinas
Authors: Cunha José Marcos Pinto da 
Published: May 2016

Esse artigo analisa, para uma grande aglomeração urbana, a complexidade da dinâmica migratória. Esta complexidade se revela nas diferentes modalidades de movimentos populacionais e nas características dos indivíduos envolvidos nestes deslocamentos, assim como nos elementos estruturais que os condicionam. Baseado em dados de uma pesquisa domiciliar para a Região Metropolitana de Campinas – RMC, realizada em 2007, e nos dados do Censo Demográfico de 2010, esse estudo analisa os aspectos da mobilidade residencial (e dos indivíduos envolvidos) em várias de suas facetas, especialmente em termos das características e motivações dos atores envolvidos. Mesmo com a redução da migração externa na região, podese notar um significativo potencial endógeno de redistribuição da população em função de sua mobilidade dentro da RMC, muito embora, diferentemente de outras regiões metropolitanas, na de Campinas ainda se verifique que a migração externa, em grande medida, se direciona diretamente para a periferia. A análise de características demográficas e socioeconômicas dos que se movem (e não se movem) sugere a existência de coerência entre o que se esperaria observar para uma migração condicionada pelo fator econômico e o posicionamento da RMC no cenário nacional e estadual, assim como pelo processo de produção do seu espaço habitado. A seletividade dos migrantes, em geral, e dos intrametropolitanos, em particular, sugeremotivações diferenciadas, das quais, embora ainda não dominante, a questão habitacional se mostra relevante. O estudo também indica que, diferentemente do que ocorria no passado, a periferia metropolitana está se diversificando e incorporando cada vez mais indivíduos e família de mais alta renda.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/S0102-309820160006
Le je en jeu dans l'apprentissage du français par improvisation
Authors: Lascar-Feldman Rachel 
Published: May 2016

L'apprentissage d'une langue étrangère met en jeu les rapports que l'apprenant entretient avec lui-même, avec son identité, avec l'autre. La psychanalyse nous offre des clés pour comprendre les processus internes liés à l'émission de la langue parlée. Une didactique basée sur les improvistions théâtrales permet de sortir du champ purement cérébral de l'apprentissage et relie l'internalisation de la nouvelle langue aux émotions provoquées par le jeu. Parler correspond alors autant à une nécessité qu'à un plaisir. Pour ce faire l'expression orale ne peut plus demeurer le parent pauvre de l'enseignement des langues étrangères et doit bénéficier d'un espace temporel et spatial propre. Les techniques du psychodrame et du théâtre offrent des ouvertures précieuses pour tout pédagogue.
Lessons from the Edge of the Stage: The Tintamarre Project
Authors: Fancy Alex 
Published: May 2016

La conférence plénière (en anglais) du professeur Alex Fancy prononcée le 2 avril 2013 à l'université de Guelph dans le cadre du deuxième colloque international en didactique des langues secondes. Foundateur et directeur de la compagnie de théâtre Tintamarre, Alex Fancy propose 15 leçons apprises par le biais d’une méthode singulière: la création annuelle d’une pièce de théâtre bilingue avec un groupe d’étudiant(e)s de l’université Mount Allison au Nouveau Brunswick, Canada. Professor Alex Fancy's keynote address at the Second International Conference on Second-language Pedagogy at the University of Guelph. Founder and director of the Tintamarre theatre company, Alex Fancy shares 15 lessons learned by way of a unique method: the creation of an annual play with a group of students from Mount Allison University in New Brunswick, Canada.
Fertilization Ratios of N–P2O5–K2O for Tifton 85 Bermudagrass on Two Coastal Plain Soils
Authors: Anderson William , Parker Myron B. , Knoll Joseph Edward , Lacy R. Curt 
Published: May 2016

Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is widely grown throughout the southeastern United States and many other countries for forage. Tifton 85, a hybrid between C. dactylon and C. nlemfuensis, is currently the recommended cultivar for grazing and hay. This study was conducted to determine the response of Tifton 85 to six rates of N fertilization (224, 336, 448, 560, 672, and 784 kg ha−1) and three rates of PK fertilization (50, 100, and 150% replacement of P and K removal) on two different soils, Carnegie (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic Kandiudult) and Fuquay (loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Arenic Plinthic Kandiudult), for 4 yr. In a randomized split‐plot design, whole plots were N rates with PK rates randomized within whole plots. The optimal fertilization rate to provide maximum profits was determined. Though yields began to level off only at the 560 kg ha−1 N application rate, rates from 224 to 448 kg ha−1 N with 100% replacement of P and K uptake resulted in maximum economic return. At these N rates, based on actual nutrient uptake, the N–P2O5–K2O ratio for fertilization of Tifton 85 should be approximately 4–1–5. At 336 to 448 kg ha−1 N, a grower could expect approximately 19.6 to 23.0 Mg ha−1 yr−1 hay at 150 g kg−1 moisture. Crude protein (CP) concentration and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the harvested forage both responded positively to increasing rates of N application beyond the economically optimum rates.Core Ideas

Split plot design with N, P, K rates on Tifton 85 bermudagrass show yields level off at 560 kg ha−1.
Rates of 224 to 336 kg ha−1 N and 100% replacement of P K had maximum rate of economic return.
Recommended ratio of fertilizer is N–P2O5–K2O ratio for fertilization of Tifton 85 should be approximately 3–1–4 at the lowest rate and 4–1–5 at the higher rate.
Protein and in‐vitro dry matter digestibility of forage increased with higher N application.
Crop Rotation Affects Corn, Grain Sorghum, and Soybean Yields and Nitrogen Recovery
Authors: Sindelar Aaron J. , Schmer Marty R. , Jin Virginia L. , Wienhold Brian J. , Varvel Gary E. 
Published: May 2016

Long‐term cropping system and fertilizer N studies are essential to understanding production potential and yield stability of corn (Zea mays L.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in rain‐fed environments. A no‐till experiment (2007–2013) was conducted in eastern Nebraska to evaluate crop rotation (continuous corn, continuous grain sorghum, continuous soybean, corn–soybean, grain sorghum–soybean, corn–soybean–grain sorghum–oat [Avena sativa (L.)]/clover mixture [80% Melilotus officinalis Lam. + 20% Trifolium pretense L.], and corn–oat/clover–grain sorghum–soybean) and fertilizer N (corn and grain sorghum: 0, 90, 180 kg N ha−1; soybean and oat/clover: 0, 36, 67 kg N ha−1) on grain yield, plant N uptake, and N recovery efficiency. Diversified crop rotations increased corn and grain sorghum yields and improved yield stability. A positive corn grain yield response to fertilizer N was consistent across crop rotations, but fertilizer N addition with corn–soybean–grain sorghum–oat did not increase grain sorghum yield. Yield stability of soybean was less sensitive to management; all treatment combinations were found to be stable. Fertilizer N addition decreased soybean grain yield in 2 of 7 yr, but yields were similar in the remaining 5 yr. These results indicate that adoption of 2‐ and 4‐yr crop rotations in rain‐fed environments can result in high‐yielding, more stable corn, grain sorghum, and soybean grain production compared with shorter rotations or continuous cropping.Core Ideas

Diversified 2‐ and 4‐yr crop rotations increased corn and grain sorghum yields.
Corn and grain sorghum grain yields in 2‐ and 4‐yr rotations were more resilient to variable growing conditions.
Soybean was less sensitive than corn and grain sorghum to crop rotation.
Mass Balance of Water and Nitrogen in the Mounded Drainfield of a Drip‐Dispersal Septic System
Authors: De Mriganka , Toor Gurpal S. 
Published: May 2016

Quantitative assessment of nitrogen (N) loading from septic systems is needed to protect groundwater contamination. We determined the mass balance of water and N in the mounded drainfield of a drip‐dispersal septic system. Three lysimeters (152.4 cm long, 91.4 cm wide, 91.4 cm high, with 1:1 side slope) were constructed using pressure‐treated wood to mimic mounded drainfields. Of total water inputs, septic tank effluent (STE) added 57% water and natural rainfall added 43% water from January 2013 to January 2014. Outputs included leached water (46%) from the lysimeters over 67 sampling events (n = 15 daily and n = 52 weekly flow‐weighted), potential evapotranspiration (28%), and water stored in the drainfields (26%). Over 13 mo, each drainfield received 227 g of total N (STE, 99%; rainfall, 1%), of which 33% leached, 23% accumulated in the drainfield, and 6% was taken up by grass, with the remainder (38%) estimated to be gaseous N loss. Using these data, the leaching of water from 2.5 million drip‐dispersal drainfields in the state of Florida was estimated to be 2.29 × 1011 L yr−1, which would transport 2.4 × 106 kg of total N yr−1 from the drainfields to shallow groundwater. Further reduction of N below drainfields in the soil profile could be expected before STE reaches groundwater. Our results provide quantitative information on the water and N loading and can be used to optimize drainfield conditions to attenuate N and protect groundwater quality.Core Ideas
Mass balance of water and N was determined in septic system drainfields.
Effluent added 57% water, and rainfall added 43% water.
More water leached (46%) than evapotranspiration (28%) and soil storage (26%).
Effluent added 99% of total N, and rainfall added only 1% of total N.
Gaseous N loss was higher (38%) than leaching (33%) and soil storage (23%).
Seasonal Variability in Vadose Zone Biodegradation at a Crude Oil Pipeline Rupture Site
Authors: Sihota N.J. , Trost J.J. , Bekins B.A. , Berg A. , Delin G.N. , Mason B. , Warren E. , Mayer K.U. 
Published: May 2016

Core Ideas
Contaminant mass loss rates vary seasonally.
Vadose zone temperatures in the source zone correlate with rates of contaminant respiration.
Natural soil respiration and gas transport seasonality affect mass loss estimates.
Understanding seasonal changes in natural attenuation processes is critical for evaluating source‐zone longevity and informing management decisions. The seasonal variations of natural attenuation were investigated through measurements of surficial CO2 effluxes, shallow soil CO2 radiocarbon contents, subsurface gas concentrations, soil temperature, and volumetric water contents during a 2‐yr period. Surficial CO2 effluxes varied seasonally, with peak values of total soil respiration (TSR) occurring in the late spring and summer. Efflux and radiocarbon data indicated that the fractional contributions of natural soil respiration (NSR) and contaminant soil respiration (CSR) to TSR varied seasonally. The NSR dominated in the spring and summer, and CSR dominated in the fall and winter. Subsurface gas concentrations also varied seasonally, with peak values of CO2 and CH4 occurring in the fall and winter. Vadose zone temperatures and subsurface CO2 concentrations revealed a correlation between contaminant respiration and temperature. A time lag of 5 to 7 mo between peak subsurface CO2 concentrations and peak surface efflux is consistent with travel‐time estimates for subsurface gas migration. Periods of frozen soils coincided with depressed surface CO2 effluxes and elevated CO2 concentrations, pointing to the temporary presence of an ice layer that inhibited gas transport. Quantitative reactive transport simulations demonstrated aspects of the conceptual model developed from field measurements. Overall, results indicated that source‐zone natural attenuation (SZNA) rates and gas transport processes varied seasonally and that the average annual SZNA rate estimated from periodic surface efflux measurements is 60% lower than rates determined from measurements during the summer.
The Effect of Precipitation Pulses on Evaporation of Deeply Buried Phreatic Water in Extra‐Arid Areas
Authors: Li HongShou , Wu FaSi , Zhan HongTao , Qiu Fei , Wang WanFu 
Published: May 2016

Core Ideas
Precipitation may increase deeply buried phreatic evaporation (PE).
Soil‐water hysteresis leads to this phenomenon.
This study reveals the mechanism of the effect of precipitation pulses on PE.
Past research has shown that evaporation of deeply buried phreatic water occurs in extra‐arid areas where the soil surface is very dry. A dry surface layer can suppress the evaporation of capillary water, but it is not clear whether it suppresses deeply buried phreatic evaporation (PE). We deduced that the PE could be suppressed by a dry surface soil. Therefore, as the soil‐water content increases during a precipitation pulse, this can lead to an increase in PE. To investigate the effects of precipitation pulses on PE, a simulated 10‐mm precipitation recycling experiment using a shed–air‐conditioning condensation method was performed on Gobi Desert land at the top of the Mogao Grottoes in 2011 to 2015. The results show that after the 10 mm of precipitation was completely recycled, the PE increased by 28.9% compared with the control during the following 3 yr. In addition, the soil moisture increased in the 10‐ to 20‐cm layer for a long time. We hypothesize that this is a soil‐water hysteresis phenomenon, which is important for the observed differences in the evaporation rate, and it is apparent that the higher water content in the shallow layer is conducive to PE entering into the atmosphere. This preliminary study reveals the effect of precipitation pulses on deeply buried PE; this hysteresis phenomenon must be analyzed in further studies.
Estimating Nonaqueous‐Phase Liquid Content in Variably Saturated Soils Using Time Domain Reflectometry
Authors: Comegna Alessandro , Coppola Antonio , Dragonetti Giovanna , Sommella Angelo 
Published: May 2016

Core Ideas
A TDR waveform interpretation method for NAPL content in soils was developed.
Correlations between the dielectric response and the NAPL content were determined.
The α dielectric mixing model for predicting NAPL presence in soils was expanded.
This methodology can be used to obtain predictions of volumetric NAPL content.
In recent years, several studies have been conducted in the detection and observation of nonaqueous‐phase liquids (NAPLs) in contaminated soils. Successful remediation of an NAPL‐contaminated site requires appropriate characterization of both the plume extent and the soil volumetric NAPL content (θNAPL). Noninvasive geophysical techniques, such as time domain reflectometry (TDR), may be used to discriminate between θNAPL and soil volumetric water content (θw). Accordingly, the main aim of this work was to develop a TDR waveform interpretation method based on soil dielectric permittivity measurement and observation of the change in the reflected TDR signal amplitude at relatively long times from the waveform source. We demonstrated that the asymptotic value of the reflection signal coefficient can be univocally related with θNAPL in an unsaturated soil. In the procedure adopted, a new formulation of a dielectric mixing model was also derived, introducing a fourth phase that takes the NAPL presence into account. Multiple samples of sandy, silt loam, and loamy soils, at predetermined different θw and θNAPL, were tested, each test consisting in emitting a TDR signal to the soil sample and receiving and analyzing the reflected electromagnetic wave. An empirical dielectric mixing model was calibrated and implemented to estimate the θNAPL. Equipment calibration, measurement accuracy, and error sources, related both to the experimental procedure setup and to the sample preparation conditions, are discussed. The results show that the suggested methodology can be used to obtain predictions of volumetric NAPL content (θNAPL) with acceptable accuracy (R2 = 0.95).
Comparison of Hydraulic Conductivity in Frozen Saturated and Unfrozen Unsaturated Soils
Authors: Watanabe Kunio , Osada Yurie 
Published: May 2016

Core IdeasUnfrozen water content in frozen soils with flowing water is higher than in no‐flow cases.Unfrozen water content with flowing water is higher than the thermodynamic prediction.Frozen and unfrozen soils with the same water content have the same hydraulic conductivity.Understanding the hydraulic conductivity of frozen soils near melting temperature is important in agricultural management and water balance calculation in cold regions and in the use of artificial ground freezing techniques. However, measurement of the hydraulic conductivity of frozen soils has been limited. Therefore, it is often estimated from the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of unfrozen soil using temperature and the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, with inadequate validation. In this study, we simultaneously measured the unfrozen water content and hydraulic conductivity of three frozen soils by passing water through them and compared the results with water characteristic curves and unsaturated hydraulic conductivities of the unfrozen soils determined using the evaporation method. Using measured temperature data and water characteristic curves, the Clausius–Clapeyron equation underestimated unfrozen water contents in the frozen soils, which also resulted in underestimation of hydraulic conductivities, particularly near melting temperature. However, the unfrozen and frozen soils had similar hydraulic conductivities when their liquid water contents were the same. The hydraulic conductivity of frozen soil should be estimated from that of unfrozen soil based on the liquid (unfrozen) water content instead of the temperature.
Business Strategy of CV Jaya Sampurna in Facing Soft Drink Distributor Competition in Bekasi
Authors: Nurmala Seri , Hartiwi Hartiwi 
Published: May 2016

CV Jaya Sampurna is a soft drink distributor in Bekasi. Distributor company has a low profit margin, moreover the product sold is Fast Moving Consumers Goods with a very low profit margin (3.5%–5%). Therefore the company depends on a high volume of sales. Besides, there are many competitors in this industry, thus the business strategy is needed to improve the competitive advantage of the company. Given the conditions,this research was to identify the internal and the external factors, to identify the formulation of business strategy alternative, and to identify the recommendation of functional strategy for CV Jaya Sampurna. Research used descriptive method; and the type of research used was case study. Data were gathered from questionnaires and interview to three member of managers: Director, Operational Manager, and Finance Manager. Data wereanalyzed by using EFE, IFE, SWOT, IE, Grand Strategy Matrix and QSPM. The result of this research implies that the alternative strategy based on QSPM’s result was market penetration
Production of Biosurfactants by Pseudomonas Species for Application in the Petroleum Industry
Authors: Silva Maria Aparecida M. , Silva Aline F. , Rufino Raquel D. , Luna Juliana M. , Santos Valdemir A. , Sarubbo Leonie A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT: The production of surfactants by microorganisms has become an attractive option in the treatment of oil‐contaminated environments because biosurfactants are biodegradable and less toxic than synthetic surfactants, although production costs remain high. With the aim of reducing the cost of biosurfactant production, three strains of Pseudomonas (designated P1, P2, and P3) were cultivated in a low‐cost medium containing molasses and corn steep liquor as substrates. Following the selection of the best producer (P3), a rotational central composite design (RCCD) was used to determine the influence of substrates concentration on surface tension and biosurfactant yield. The biosurfactant reduced the surface tension of water to 27.5 mN/m, and its CMC was determined to be 600 mg/L. The yield was 4.0 g/L. The biosurfactant demonstrated applicability under specific environmental conditions and was able to remove 80 to 90% of motor oil adsorbed to sand. The properties of the biosurfactant suggest its potential application in bioremediation of hydrophobic pollutants.
Risk of Hospital-Acquired Complications in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bohlouli Babak , Tonelli Marcello , Jackson Terri , Hemmelgam Brenda , Klarenbach Scott 
Published: May 2016

Background and objectives
Unintended injuries or complications in hospitalized patients are common, potentially preventable, and associated with adverse consequences, including greater mortality and health care costs. Patients with CKD may be at higher risk of hospital-acquired complications (HACs).

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Adults from a population-based cohort (Alberta Kidney Disease Network) who were hospitalized from April 1, 2003, to March 31, 2008, made up the study cohort. Kidney function was defined using outpatient eGFR and proteinuria (protein-to-creatinine ratio or dipstick) in the year before index hospitalization. Comorbid conditions were identified using validated algorithms applied to administrative data. A specific diagnostic indicator was used to identify HACs. Complications were classified into clinically homogeneous groups and subclassified as potentially preventable (p-HACs) or always preventable (a-HACs). Multivariable logistic regressions models were used to examine the association of CKD with HACs, accounting for confounders.

Results
Of 536,549 patients, 8.5% had CKD; those with CKD were older and more likely to be admitted for circulatory system diseases than those without CKD. In fully adjusted models, the odds ratio (OR) of any hospital complication in patients with CKD (reference: no CKD) was 1.19 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.18 to 1.26); there was a graded relation between the risk of HACs and CKD severity, with an OR of 1.81 (95% CI, 1.51 to 2.17) in those with the most severe CKD (eGFR, 15–29 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and proteinuria, >30 mg/mmol). Findings were similar for p-HACs (OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.16 to 1.24] and 1.78 [95% CI, 1.43 to 2.11], respectively). The a-HACs had similar point estimates.

Conclusions
The presence of CKD and its severity are associated with a higher risk of HACs, including those considered preventable. Targeted strategies to reduce complications in patients with CKD admitted to the hospital should be considered.