bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐medication misuse in the Middle East: a systematic literature review
Authors: Khalifeh Malak M. , Moore Nicholas D. , Salameh Pascale R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRegulations usually distinguish between prescription‐only (POM) and over‐the‐counter (OTC) medicines. The former requires medical prescription; the latter are available for SM of common minor or easily treated ailments. However, in the Eastern Mediterranean countries, theoretical prescription medicines can easily be purchased without a prescription, as self‐medication (SM) resulting in potential misuse and unnecessary risk for patients. The magnitude of this activity is uncertain. The aim of this article, therefore, is to undertake a comprehensive review to identify the different types of medicines that can easily be purchased as SM in Middle East and recognized as misused. An extensive review of the published literature (1990–2015) was conducted using Pubmed, web of science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases, for OTC medicine misuse in the Middle East. A total of 72 papers were identified. Medicines involved in misuse included: codeine containing products, topical anesthetics, topical corticosteroids, antimalarial, and antibiotics. Self‐medication misuse of medicines seemed widespread. Individual treatment patterns were not clearly identified. Studies were not standardized, limiting the comparability between studies and the estimation of the scale of misuse. Pharmacists, friends, or parents were found to be the main sources of SMs. Knowledge and attitudes are an important contributing factor in the misuse of these medications. Strategies and interventions to limit misuse were rarely identified in literature. In conclusion, a massive problem involving a range of medicines was found in Middle East. Standardization of studies is a prerequisite to the understanding and prevention of misuse of self‐medication.
Valuing Stakeholder Governance: Property Rights, Community Mobilization, and Firm Value
Authors: Dorobantu Sinziana , Odziemkowska Kate 
Published: June 2017

Research summary: While research has shown that good stakeholder relations increase the value of a firm, less is known about how specific types of stakeholder governance affect firm value. We examine the value of one such governance mechanism—community benefits agreements (CBAs) signed by firms and local communities—intended to minimize social conflict that disrupts access to valuable resources. We argue that shareholders evaluate more positivelyCBAs with local communities with strong property rights and histories of institutional action and extra‐institutional mobilization because these communities are more likely to cause costly disruptions and delays for a firm. We evaluate these arguments by analyzing the cumulative abnormal returns associated with the unexpected announcement of 148CBAs signed between mining companies and local indigenous communities in Canada.Managerial summary: With firms across many industries facing escalating costs associated with social conflict, new tools are emerging to help firms mitigate these risks by seeking the support of the local communities in which they operate. Community benefits agreements (CBAs) are contracts in which a community provides consent for a new investment in return for tangible benefits, such as local hiring and revenue sharing. We argue that althoughCBAs are costly for the firm, they are particularly valuable when communities can cause costly disruptions and delays for a firm. Our study of investor reactions to the announcement of 148CBAs signed between mining companies and local indigenous communities in Canada shows that investors value moreCBAs signed with communities with strong property rights and histories of protest. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multimarket Contact and Rivalry over Knowledge‐based Resources
Authors: Theeke Matt , Lee Hun 
Published: June 2017

Research summary: Research shows that multimarket contact (MMC) reduces rivalry involving downstream activities. Yet, studies showing that MMC can increase the threat of imitation suggest a need to better understand how MMC affects upstream rivalry over knowledge‐based resources. In this study, we argue that MMC increases rivalry over knowledge‐based resources since the deterrent threat of retaliation that typically leads to mutual forbearance in downstream activities will not be sufficient to restrain firms from protecting their knowledge from imitation in upstream activities. In support of these arguments we find that MMC increases the likelihood that a firm initiates patent litigation against a rival. This study suggests the relationship between MMC and rivalry may depend on the competitive domain and the type of resources over which firms are competing.Managerial Summary: How does market overlap or MMC affect rivalry between two competitors? Prior studies have largely found that an increase in market overlap decreases rivalry in less knowledge‐intensive context because of the deterrent threat of retaliation. However, in this paper, we argue that an increase in market overlap may not reduce rivalry in more knowledge‐intensive context because of heterogeneity in capabilities to protect knowledge. We find that a firm is more likely to initiate patent litigation against a rival as market overlap increases. Our findings suggest that the incentive to protect value across multiple product markets may surpass the motivation to cooperate with rivals and that managers should have a more nuanced view of how market overlap with competitors affects rivalry in more knowledge‐intensive contexts. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repeating a familiar pattern in a new way: The effect of exploitation and exploration on knowledge leverage behaviors in technology acquisitions
Authors: Choi Seungho , McNamara Gerry 
Published: June 2017

Research Summary: We identify two types of knowledge leverage behaviors undertaken by acquiring firms: integrated and independent knowledge leverage. We address how the prior exploitation or exploration orientation of acquirers influence these two modes of knowledge leverage behaviors. The degree of exploitation of acquirers promotes integrating their existing knowledge with acquired knowledge in innovative actions. In contrast, the degree of exploration of acquirers increases the likelihood that new innovations will use acquired knowledge without integrating it with their prior knowledge. In addition, the firm's prior acquisition rate moderates the relationship between the acquiring firms’ previous exploitation or exploration orientation and their knowledge leverage mode. The findings of this article suggest that pre‐acquisition innovation capabilities are distinct from but influence the post‐acquisition innovation actions.
Managerial Summary: Firms often undertake acquisitions to gain access to new knowledge, but they can differ dramatically in how they leverage acquired knowledge. We show that the firm's prior innovation patterns drive this choice. Firms that have previously focused on incremental innovations in their internal innovation efforts tend to integrate acquired knowledge with their own prior knowledge. In contrast, firms that have previously pursued bold innovations tend to leverage acquired knowledge alone in new innovations. Thus, we show that firms use acquisitions as a means to extend their internal innovation patterns—firms that have focused on incremental innovations extend that with acquisitions by linking new innovations to their prior knowledge while firms that have pursued bold initiatives use acquired knowledge to move in new technology directions.
Differential Interaction of Myoglobin with Select Fatty Acids of Carbon Chain Lengths C8 to C16
Authors: Jue Thomas , Shih Lifan , Chung Youngran 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that palmitic acid (PAM) and oleic acid (OLE) can bind myoglobin (Mb). How fatty acids (FA) with different carbon chain lengths and sulfate substitution interact with Mb remains uncertain. Indeed, C8:0 and C10:0 fatty acids do not perturb the intensities of the 1H‐NMR MbCN signal intensity at FA:Mb ratios below 2:1. Starting with C12:0, C12:0‐C16:0, FA induce a noticeable spectral change. C12:0 and C14:0 FA affect both the 5‐ and 8‐heme methyl signals, whereas the C16:0 FA perturbs only the 8‐heme methyl signal. All C12:0–C16:0 saturated FA induce upfield shifts in the –CH2 peak of different FA in the presence of Mb. Increasing the apparent solubility with a sulfate group substitution enhances the FA interaction of lauric sulfate (LAU 1‐SO4) but not palmitate sulfate acid (PAM 1‐SO4). The detergent (DET) property of FA has no significant contribution. Common positive, neutral, and negative DET at DET:Mb ratio of 1:1 induce no perturbation of the MbCN spectra. The experiment observations establish a basis to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the FA interaction with Mb.
Effect of areca nut on rabbit oral mucosa: evidence of oral precancerous condition by protein expression and genotoxic analysis
Authors: Das Tapasi , Mahato Basudev , Chaudhuri Keya 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground: In humans, areca nut induces oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), a potentially malignant disorder, characterised by the deposition of collagen in the lamina propria. This study aimed to determine whether OSMF‐like characteristics develop in a rabbit model following treatment with areca nut and lime.Results: The oral epithelial tissue upon treatment with areca nut extract at 6‐day intervals for up to 6 months showed progressive changes in thickness from 3 months onwards, leading to blanching, ulceration, irregular growth and, finally, restricted mouth opening. The protein expression pattern of OSMF‐like tissues of rabbit buccal mucosa was determined by 2‐DE gel and MALDI‐TOF and compared with normal buccal mucosa of the control group of rabbits. Three major proteins, namely tropomyosin beta chain (in the skeletal muscle), actin and collagen alpha‐1(I) chain, have been identified in areca nut‐treated rabbit tissues as compared to control. The genotoxic effect of areca nut was evaluated in the rabbit model by comet assay in the blood. A significant (p < 0.0001) DNA damage in areca nut‐treated rabbits was observed as compared to the control group.Conclusion: Histological characteristics, comet assay and protein profile show the development of OSMF‐like features in the mucosal tissue of rabbit followed by areca nut treatment. The increased expression of collagen alpha‐1(I) chain in areca nut‐treated rabbit correlated with the progressive development of the OSMF symptoms in the rabbit buccal mucosa, which might serve as a potential biological marker in the pathological development of OSMF.
Experimental study of the pressure loss in aero-engine air-oil separators
Authors: Cordes A. Laura , Pychynski B. Tim , Schwitzke C. Corina , Bauer D. Hans-Jörg , de Carvalho A. Thiago P. , Morvan B. Hervé P. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe results of extensive experimental testing of an aero-engine air-oil separator are presented and discussed. The study focuses on the pressure loss of the system. Oil enters the device in the form of dispersed droplets. Subsequently, separation occurs by centrifuging larger droplets towards the outer walls and by film formation at the inner surface of a rotating porous material, namely an open-cell metal foam. The work described here is part of a study led jointly by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and the University of Nottingham (UNott) within a recent EU project.The goal of the research is to increase the separation efficiency to mitigate oil consumption and emissions, while keeping the pressure loss as low as possible. The aim is to determine the influencing factors on pressure loss and separation efficiency. With this knowledge, a correlation can eventually be derived. Experiments were conducted for three different separator configurations, one without a metal foam and two with metal foams of different pore sizes. For each configuration, a variety of engine-like conditions of air mass flow rate, rotational speed and droplet size was investigated. The experimental results were used to validate and improve the numerical modelling.Results for the pressure drop and its dependencies on air mass flow rate and the rotational speed were analysed. It is shown that the swirling flow and the dissipation of angular momentum are the most important contributors to the pressure drop, besides the losses due to friction and dissipation caused by the flow passing the metal foam. It was found that the ratio of the rotor speed and the tangential velocity of the fluid is an important parameter to describe the influence of rotation on the pressure loss. Contrary to expectations, the pressure loss is not necessarily increased with a metal foam installed.
When Sterile Processing Goes Down: An Economic Analysis of Alternative Strategies for Supporting the Service
Authors: Mittenzwei Susan E. , Topkoff Jeannie L. , Bessesen Mary T. , Porter Clifford A. , Rai Gurdev S. , Branch-Elliman Westyn 
Published: June 2017

Given steam-quality challenges at our facility, the financial impact of options for reopening the sterile processing service unit were explored; duration of closure was the major driver of costs. Other potential negative effects of operating-room shutdowns include injury to facility reputation, loss of staff, loss of reimbursements, and harm to residency programs.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1002–1004
OBLIGATION BLACKWELL GAMES AND P-AUTOMATA
Authors: CHATTERJEE KRISHNENDU , PITERMAN NIR 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe generalize winning conditions in two-player games by adding a structural acceptance condition called obligations. Obligations are orthogonal to the linear winning conditions that define whether a play is winning. Obligations are a declaration that player 0 can achieve a certain value from a configuration. If the obligation is met, the value of that configuration for player 0 is 1.We define the value in such games and show that obligation games are determined. For Markov chains with Borel objectives and obligations, and finite turn-based stochastic parity games with obligations we give an alternative and simpler characterization of the value function. Based on this simpler definition we show that the decision problem of winning finite turn-based stochastic parity games with obligations is in NP∩co-NP. We also show that obligation games provide a game framework for reasoning about p-automata.
WEAK REFLECTION PRINCIPLE, SATURATION OF THE NONSTATIONARY IDEAL ONω1AND DIAMONDS
Authors: TORRES-PÉREZ VÍCTOR 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe prove that WRP and saturation of the ideal NSω1together imply$\left\{ {a \in [\lambda ]^{\omega _1 } :{\text{cof}}\left( {{\text{sup}}\left( a \right)} \right) = \omega _1 } \right\}$, for every cardinalλwith cof(λ)≥ω2.
Slanted beats, enchanted communities: Pavement's early phrase rhythm as indie narrative
Authors: Heetderks David 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPrevious studies of indie music from the 1980s and 1990s have noted that it uses a number of stylistic markers – involving production values, singing style instrumentation and lyrical themes – to convey difference from a perceived mainstream. However, the ideal of difference also influences other aspects of songwriting. As a case study, this article examines early songs by the highly regarded indie band Pavement in which irregularity in phrasing and hypermeter supports a narrative of differentiation. Recurring strategies for creating irregularity include thwarting expected closure at the ends of phrases, using the sounds of words to project conflicting cues for grouping boundaries and creating highly irregular hypermetric lengths. These metric and phrasing devices, when heard in the context of songs, often have vivid narrative or expressive implications.
Liana density declined and basal area increased over 12 y in a subtropical montane forest in Argentina
Authors: Ceballos Sergio Javier , Malizia Agustina 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:Changes in density and basal area of lianas ≥2 cm diameter were monitored in two 1-ha permanent plots in a subtropical montane mature forest of north-western Argentina. Liana stems were identified and measured at 130 cm from the main rooting point in two censuses conducted in 2003 and 2015. Between censuses, the density of liana stems decreased 13.3%, while basal area increased 11.5%. Density and basal area decreased mainly among lianas of 2–3 cm diameter, but increased in lianas ≥4 cm diameter.Quechualia fulta(Asteraceae),Serjania meridionalis(Sapindaceae) andChamissoa altissima(Amaranthaceae) suffered large reductions in stem density and basal area. Dissimilar responses of density and basal area of lianas might be a consequence of the suppression of anthropogenic disturbances (e.g. livestock browsing) and the decrease of treefall gap frequency in the studied forest in recent decades. Light-demanding liana species decreased and shade-tolerant species increased possibly in response to the decline in the light availability associated with forest recovery from past disturbance. Lianas increased in basal area to a lesser extent compared with reports from several tropical and subtropical forests where lianas are increasing dramatically.
CONTEXTUAL WORD LEARNING DURING READING IN A SECOND LANGUAGE
Authors: Elgort Irina , Brysbaert Marc , Stevens Michaël , Van Assche Eva 
Published: June 2017

AbstractReading affords opportunities for L2 vocabulary acquisition. Empirical research into the pace and trajectory of this acquisition has both theoretical and applied value. Charting the development of different aspects of word knowledge can verify and inform theoretical frameworks of word learning and reading comprehension. It can also inform practical decisions about using L2 readings in academic study. Monitoring readers’ eye movements provides real-time data on word learning, under the conditions that closely approximate adult L2 vocabulary acquisition from reading. In this study, Dutch-speaking university students read an English expository text, while their eye movements were recorded. Of interest were patterns of change in the eye movements on the target low-frequency words that occurred multiple times in the text, and whether differences in the processing of target and control (known) words decreased overtime. Target word reading outside of the familiar text was examined in a posttest using semantically neutral sentences. The findings show that orthographic processing develops relatively quickly and reliably. However, online retrieval of meaning remains insufficient for fluent word-to-text integration even after multiple contextual encounters.
The influence of overall treatment time to the efficiency of chemo-radiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer
Authors: Tharavichitkul Ekkasit , Rugpong Panupat , Chawapun Nisa , Galalae Razvan M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to clarify the influence of overall treatment time (OTT) on the efficiency of combined chemo-radiotherapy in cervical cancer.Material and methodsThis retrospective study enrolled 122 cervical cancer patients who had squamous cell carcinoma and had undergone definitive chemo-radiotherapy from 2009 to 2013. All patients received whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT) with the dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions (with central shielding after 44 Gy) plus intracavitary brachytherapy with the dose of 28 Gy in four fractions. During WPRT, all patients received concurrent chemotherapy with weekly platinum-based regimen. The data of patient characteristics, OTT, treatment results and toxicities were collected and evaluated.ResultsThe mean follow-up time was 36 months. The mean age of patients was 52 years old; 68% of patients were stage IIB related to International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics staging. Pelvic control (PC), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates did not differ significantly in the data-derived cut points of 55·8 and 53 days. No statistically significant difference in treatment results between the two groups of OTT<49 and OTT≥62 days was observed.ConclusionsIn our data-derived cut point, OTT did not influence to PC, DMFS, DFS and OS. The influence of OTT on treatment results may be found in longer periods.
Chemotherapeutic xCT inhibitors sorafenib and erastin unraveled with the synaptic optogenetic function analysis tool
Authors: Dahlmanns Marc , Yakubov Eduard , Chen Daishi , Sehm Tina , Rauh Manfred , Savaskan Nicolai , Wrosch Jana Katharina 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the search for new potential chemotherapeutics, the compounds’ toxicity to healthy cells is an important factor. The brain with its functional units, the neurons, is especially endangered during the radio- and chemotherapeutic treatment of brain tumors. The effect of the potential compounds not only on neuronal survival but also neuronal function needs to be taken into account. Therefore, in this study we aimed to comprehend the biological effects of chemotherapeutic xCT inhibition on healthy neuronal cells with our synaptic optogenetic function analysis tool (SOFA). We combined common approaches, such as investigation of morphological markers, neuronal function and cell metabolism. The glutamate-cystine exchanger xCT (SLC7A11, system Xc−) is the main glutamate exporter in malignant brain tumors and as such a relevant drug target for treating deadly glioblastomas (WHO grades III and IV). Recently, two small molecules termed sorafenib (Nexavar) and erastin have been found to efficiently block xCT function. We investigated neuronal morphology, metabolic secretome profiles, synaptic function and cell metabolism of primary hippocampal cultures (containing neurons and glial cells) treated with sorafenib and erastin in clinically relevant concentrations. We found that sorafenib severely damaged neurons already after 24 h of treatment. Noteworthy, also at a lower concentration, where no morphological damage or metabolic disturbance was monitored, sorafenib still interfered with synaptic and metabolic homeostasis. In contrast, erastin-treated neurons displayed mostly inconspicuous morphology and metabolic rates. Key parameters of proper neuronal function, such as synaptic vesicle pool sizes, were however disrupted following erastin application. In conclusion, our data revealed that while sorafenib and erastin effectively inhibited xCT function they also interfered with essential neuronal (synaptic) function. These findings highlight the particular importance of investigating the effects of potential neurooncological and general cancer chemotherapeutics also on healthy neuronal cells and their function as revealed by the SOFA tool.