bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the leverage effect in stock indexes with autoregressive generalized variance models
Authors: Karahanoglu Ilhami , Ercan Harun 
Published: April 2017

In developing and developed economies understanding the movement of stock market is extremely important to understand the riskiness of the investment, general behavior of the economy and taking the right position against the forthcoming financial events. In this study, the volatility of Turkish, Brazilian, German, London and New York Stock Indices are analyzed with ARCH type of modeling and the leverage effect is researched for the period between 04.01.2011 to 26.05.2015. There are two interesting results of this study. Firstly; it was seen that in all of those stock markets there is a leverage effect which means the negative movement in volatility is stronger than the positive one. Secondly the general structure of the ARCH type of modeling which explains the leverage effect shows similarity between those developed and developing markets.

Keywords: GARCH, TGARCH, leverage, stock exchange.
Türkiye’de Hayat D??? Sigortac?l?k Sektöründe Kârl?l?k, Sermaye Yap?s? ve Yo?unla?ma ?li?kisine Yönelik Ampirik Bir Uygulama
Authors: Akel Veli , Torun Talip , Aksoy Barıs 
Published: April 2017

Bu çal??man?n amac?, Türkiye’de hayat d??? sigortac?l?k sektöründe aktif karl?l??? ile firmaya özgü faktörler aras?ndaki ili?kiyi tespit ederek aktif kârl?l???n?n etkinlikten mi yoksa yo?unla?madan m? kaynakland???n? belirlemektir. Bu amaçla, Türk sigorta sektöründe faaliyet gösteren 36 hayat d??? sigorta ?irketi aras?nda 2015 y?l? verilerine göre pazar?n toplam %83.38’ini olu?turan 15 sigorta ?irketinin 2010-2015 dönemine ait mali verileri ile performans ili?kisine yönelik Period SUR panel veri analizi yap?lm??t?r. Analiz sonuçlar?na göre, aktif büyüklü?ü, likidite ve pazar pay? de?i?kenleri ile aktif karl?l??? aras?nda pozitif ve istatistiki olarak anlaml? bir ili?ki tespit edilmi?ken kald?raç, hasar/prim oran? ve firma ya?? de?i?kenleri aras?nda ise negatif ve istatistiki olarak anlaml? bir ili?ki tespit edilmi?tir. Analiz dönemi boyunca Herfindahl–Hirschman Endeksi de?erleri 1.500’ün alt?nda oldu?u için Türkiye’de hayat d??? sigortac?l?k sektörünün yo?un olmayan bir piyasa görünümünde oldu?u tespit edilmi?tir. Bu nedenle, hayat d??? sigortac?l?k sektöründe aktif kârl?l??? yo?unla?madan daha ziyade faaliyetlerdeki etkinlikten kaynaklanmaktad?r.
Integrated sensing technologies for detection and location of leaks in water distribution networks
Authors: Hawari Alaa , Khader Mohammad , Hirzallah Walaa , Zayed Tarek , Moselhi Osama 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Water distribution networks (WDNs) are infrastructure systems that have high socioeconomic values, for which efficient operation and management are required to ensure minimal amounts of waste which can be represented in the form of leaks. Leak detection is considered as one of the challenges faced by municipalities operating WDNs because it either involves shutting down the system or requires using expensive equipment and technologies. In this paper, a novel noninvasive and nondestructive methodology for detecting leaks in water pipes was tested. Ground penetrating radar was used for accurate determination of pipe location, followed by infrared (IR) thermographic imaging for determining the leak location using four different operating conditions. Results were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and pairwise comparison methods. Several factors were found to affect the accuracy of the proposed methodology in predicting the leak location, namely, the characteristics of the studied surface (i.e. emissivity), the characteristics of the surrounding environment (i.e. ambient temperature and relative humidity), and the operating conditions of the IR camera (i.e. speed and height of the camera). The results obtained in this study have also shown that under high ambient temperatures and high relative humidity conditions, a higher speed of the IR camera would reduce the impact of noise on the collected thermal contrast and therefore, would give better leak location prediction results. The tested methodology proved the flexibility of the approach and the ability of accurately predicting the leak locations under different conditions.
Turismo e direito como estratégias de preservação do patrimônio cultural arqueológico: o caso tapajônico
Authors: Soares Anauene Soares , De Oliveira Filipe Vieira 
Published: April 2017

Este artigo discute duas estratégias acerca da proteção do patrimôniocultural arqueológico brasileiro: o turismo, como fonte de acesso e valorização do patrimônio cultural, e o direito, com a efetividade normativa concernente a proteger o patrimônio cultural, por conta de seu valor quanto a memória e identidade de uma comunidade. Assim, a ausência de organização das atividades turísticas e as práticas ilícitas, como o tráfico ilícito e o comércio ilegal de bens culturais, podem ser consideradas algumas das responsáveis pela deterioração e dilapidação desses bens, como é observado com o patrimônio arqueológico tapajônico de Santarém – Pará. A pesquisa foi descritiva exploratória, identificando que a efetiva aplicação da legislação e a organização das atividades de visitação poderiam ser estratégiaspara a preservação e a manutenção do patrimônio cultural brasileiro, principalmente do arqueológico.Palavras-chave: patrimônio arqueológico; turismo; direito; estratégias depreservação.
Os anúncios na cidade de Pouso Alegre (MG): a diversidade das atividades comerciais na primeira década do século XX
Authors: De Andrade Ana Eugênia Nunes 
Published: April 2017

A proposta deste artigo é compreender as dinâmicas sociais do comércio em Pouso Alegre (MG) na primeira década do século XX com base no cotidiano dos trabalhadores informais e dos imigrantes na cidade. Nossas reflexões fundamentaram-se nas relações de poder entre a publicidade da época, o progresso técnico-econômico, o jogo de tensões políticas e as disputas sociais no ambiente urbano. Também buscamos entender as representações publicitárias e o cotidiano dos trabalhadores, assim como os mecanismos de dominação simbólica pautados nos ideais positivistas. Para o aprofundamento dos significados dos fatos cotidianos da época, o trabalho com a imprensa focando os anúncios foi imprescindível.Palavras-chave: comércio; anúncios; cidade.
Os caminhos da memória em busca da identidade em Le chercheur d’or
Authors: Corrêa Marília Alves 
Published: April 2017

A narração autodiegética de Alexis, em Le chercheur d’or (1985), configuras e como um exemplo interessante e peculiar nos estudos acerca do papel da memória na literatura. Ao mostrar-se como uma narrativa que conta a história de um exilado na busca pelo “ouro” e as intempéries pelas quais passou em sua trajetória, o romance enfatiza a memória do protagonista sobre acontecimentos sociais e históricos, como o processo de urbanização acelerado, as consequências do sistema capitalista e a Primeira Guerra Mundial. Assim, percebe-se quais são as referências familiares e topográficas que estimulam a memória de Alexis e como isso se torna parte de sua identidade. Além disso, pontua-se a possibilidade de uma interferência proposital da memória do escritor Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio, já que ele usa fatos de sua vida para inspirar-se na escritura da obra.Palavras-chave: lugares de memória; memória coletiva; identidade; narrativa contemporânea.
O acervo documental sob a guarda da Prelazia de Tefé (AM): patrimônio e memória da região amazônica
Authors: Teles Luciano Everton Costa , Teixeira Alcemir Arlijean Bezerra , De Abreu Tenner Inauhiny 
Published: April 2017

O presente texto tem como finalidade apresentar alguns resultados queemergiram do projeto intitulado “Acervo, história e memória de Tefé/AM”. Nessa esteira buscou-se contextualizar o acervo da Prelazia de Tefé, localizado no prédio da Rádio Educação Rural, explicitando sua importância para a história da Amazônia e reconhecendo sua característica de patrimônio cultural.Palavras-chave: acervo; patrimônio cultural; Tefé.
A construção e a disputa pela hegemonia patrimonial em São Borja (RS): de primeiro dos Sete Povos Missioneiros à terra dos presidentes
Authors: Colvero Ronaldo Bernardino , Severo Marconi 
Published: April 2017

A relação existente entre o patrimônio material e o imaterial no local em que estão inseridos propicia uma vasta gama de estudos de viés histórico-cultural e, em muitos casos, político-identitário. O caso do município de São Borja (RS), em virtude de seus mais de três séculos de história, em cujo local há um patrimônio considerável, possibilita compreender como se dá a interação entre a comunidade e seus respectivos patrimônios e, com base nisso, se há sobrevalorização de um determinado patrimônio sobre outro(s). Focar-se-á a análise em dois aspectos patrimoniais que caracterizam o município: ser o primeiro dos Sete Povos e também a terra dos presidentes, segundo o que consta no epíteto municipal. Observa-se que parte do patrimônio local se reflete no processo de identificação e pertencimento comunitário, por meio de uma construção conjunta em que a comunidade está intrinsicamente relacionada aos seus patrimônios. Em São Borja, atualmente, verifica-se também uma predominância patrimonial de “terra dos presidentes” sobre o missioneiro, por conta do que se constatou pela sua contemporaneidade e valorização político-identitária.
Bairro Histórico de Colônia do Sacramento, Uruguai: 20 anos de Patrimônio Cultural da Humanidade para qual humanidade?
Authors: Louzado Eduardo Alexandre , Wazenkeski Verlaine Fátima , Da Costa Heloisa Helena Fernandes Gonçalves 
Published: April 2017

A mais antiga cidade uruguaia – Colônia do Sacramento, que é capital do departamento de Colônia – foi fundada em 1680 e mantém na atualidade, em seu denominado Bairro Histórico, um considerável conjunto de monumentos históricos, sendo alguns datados do século XVII. Em decorrência dessa preservação, a Unesco declarou em 1995 o Bairro Histórico como patrimônio cultural da humanidade. Considerando a importância cada vez maior que tem se dado ao patrimônio cultural como um dos vetores de mudança urbana, busca-se (re)pensar, com base no jubilato de 20 anos do tombamento do Bairro Histórico de Colônia do Sacramento/Uruguai como patrimônio cultural da humanidade, os possíveis impactos desse período na significativa salvaguarda dos patrimônios culturais locais, com base na reflexão de Costa (2012, p. 92): “onde se encontra a alma da cidade, aquela espécie de memória que não deveria desaparecer e pela qual vale a pena criar instrumentos de tombamento? Como proteger tantos tipos diferentes de patrimônios?”.
Living Experiments: Beauvoir, Freedom, and Science
Authors: MUDDE ANNA 
Published: April 2017

In this paper, I argue for reading Simone de Beauvoir’s call, in The Ethics of Ambiguity, to assume our ambiguity as a call to live experimentally. This paper has three mutually reliant strands of analysis: first, I draw attention to and catalogue some instances of Beauvoir’s use of scientific example; second, I derive, from a close and intertwined reading of those examples, implications about ambiguous subjectivity; in order to, third, suggest that those implications lead to the idea that the demand to assume our ambiguity can be read as a demand to take up an experimental ethos. I show that such an ethos is predicated on making claims about a world that always escapes us, in which freedom is concretely engaged as the capacity to find and make meaning.
Vie, désir et négation dans les ontologies de Renaud Barbaras et de Nicolas Grimaldi
Authors: LAPIERRE CHRISTOPHER 
Published: April 2017

Cet article propose une confrontation inédite entre les dispositifs théoriques de deux philosophes contemporains, Renaud Barbaras et Nicolas Grimaldi, que l’auteur envisage en tant qu’ontologies de la vie. La singularité, dans le champ philosophique, de leur conception du désir conduit à un rapprochement, en dépit d’une différence dans les références philosophiques mobilisées. Le sujet vivant est en effet pensé par tous deux comme « désir », et il est par là interprété comme un certain manque, bien que celui-ci ne soit relatif à aucun objet ni, plus généralement, à rien qui se donne sur le mode de l’objet. Or, les options philosophiques de Barbaras et de Grimaldi divergent néanmoins quant à la réponse apportée au problème de l’articulation entre vie et désir, et plus précisément quant au sens accordé à la négativité. Alors que le premier envisage les êtres vivants à partir d’une négation-privation qui affecte l’archi-vie du monde sans avoir sa source en elle, le second comprend la vie, sous toutes ses modalités, à partir d’une négativité qui lui est intrinsèque. Autrement dit, si, pour Grimaldi, la vie est essentiellement désir, pour Barbaras le désir caractérise seulement la modalité d’être des vivants, non l’archi-vie du monde. Il en découle des différences importantes quant au statut de la temporalité et de l’affectivité chez les deux philosophes. C’est, d’après l’auteur, dans le sort que chacun réserve à l’hypothèse finaliste — écartée par Barbaras; étayée sur une analyse de la notion de tendance chez Grimaldi — que le différend philosophique prend sa source.
Ferrule-Effect Dominates Over Use of a Fiber Post When Restoring Endodontically Treated Incisors: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Magne P , Lazari PC , Carvalho MA , Johnson T , Del Bel Cury AA 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the restoration of broken-down endodontically treated incisors with the ferrule effect using glass ceramic crowns bonded to composite resin core buildups with or without a fiber post. A no-ferrule group with post was also included for comparison.
Methods and Materials: Thirty decoronated endodontically treated bovine incisors with a 2-mm ferrule were restored with a direct buildup using a nanohybrid direct composite resin (Miris 2 and Optibond FL) with or without a glass-fiber–reinforced post. An additional group of 15 teeth without a ferrule were restored with buildup and a fiber post. All teeth were prepared to receive bonded glass ceramic crowns (e.max CAD luted with Variolink Esthetic DC) and were subjected to accelerated fatigue testing. Cyclic isometric loading was applied to the incisal edge at an angle of 30° and a frequency of 5 Hz, beginning with a load of 100 N (×5000 cycles). A 100 N load increase was applied each 15,000 cycles. Specimens were loaded until failure or to a maximum of 1000 N (×140,000 cycles). Groups were compared using the Kaplan Meier survival analysis (log rank test at p=0.05).
Results: None of the tested specimens withstood all 140,000 load cycles. Specimens with posts but without a ferrule were affected by an initial failure phenomenon (wide gap at the lingual margin between the buildup/crown assembly and the root). There was a significant difference in mean survived cycles between the ferrule groups (Fp=73,332× and FNp=73,244×) and the no-ferrule group (50,121×; p=0.001). The addition of a fiber post was not significant in the presence of the ferrule (p=0.884). In both groups with posts, 100% of failures were unrestorable. The no-post group had 47% of restorable and possibly restorable failures.
Conclusions: The survival of broken-down nonvital incisors was improved by the presence of the ferrule but not by the fiber-reinforced post. Fiber posts were always detrimental to the failure mode and were not able to compensate for the absence of a ferrule.
Masking Colored Substrates Using Monolithic and Bilayer CAD-CAM Ceramic Structures
Authors: Basso GR , Kodama AB , Pimentel AH , Kaizer MR , Bona A Della , Moraes RR , Boscato N 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARY
Objective: To evaluate the masking ability and translucency of monolithic and bilayer CAD-CAM ceramic structures.
Methods: Discs of high translucency (HT) and low translucency (LT) lithium disilicate–based ceramic (IPS e.max CAD) with different thicknesses (0.7, 1, 1.5, and 2 mm) were evaluated as a monolithic structure or combined (bilayer) with a 0.5-mm-thick zirconia framework (IPS e.max ZirCAD). The masking ability and translucency were calculated based on CIE L*a*b* color coordinates measured with a spectrophotometer (SP60, X-Rite). The translucency parameter (TP) was calculated using color coordinates measured over standard white-and-black backgrounds. The masking ability was calculated by CIEDE2000 color difference metric (ΔE00) for each specimen measured over a tooth-colored substrate (shade A2) compared to three darker backgrounds (shade C4 and two metal substrates). Confidence intervals (CI) for the means (95% CI) were calculated for TP and ΔE00. The Pearson correlation between ΔE00 and TP was investigated for monolithic and bilayer structures over all backgrounds.
Results: The thinner the lithium disilicate layer, the greater the translucency and the higher the ΔE00 values. The effect of ceramic thickness on both translucency and masking ability was more pronounced for the monolithic structures. In addition, monolayers always presented a greater color variation than their bilayer counterparts. The metallic background produced greater ΔE00 than the C4-shaded substrate.
Conclusion: Monolithic veneers were able to mask C4-shaded background but did not mask metallic backgrounds. Bilayer structures showed greater shade masking ability than monolithic structures.
Virtual visits: Friend or foe of patient-centred care?
Authors: Mcgrail Kim 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
BackgroundPatient-initiated virtual visit consultations in primary care are a new form of care that is increasingly available in parts of Canada. There is a need to develop an understanding of patient perspectives on virtual visits and how they affect patient experience, access to care, and health services utilization patterns from a system perspective. This paper will shed some light on this new form of patient care delivery.
ApproachWe accessed fee-for-service physician payment data, patient and physician demographic data, and PharmaNet prescription data, from 2010/11–2013/14. We examined overall utilization of GP virtual visits defined by BC physician billing codes to understand the characteristics of providers and patients providing and using these services. We assessed the relationship of virtual visits with other types of care including referrals to specialist services, medication prescribing, and overall costs of physician care. We used a matched cohort and time series analysis to answer the question of whether virtual visits displace or add to other forms of patient care.
ResultsWhile the growth in virtual visits has been rapid in BC, these services still represent a very small proportion of overall primary care. There are patient users in urban and rural regions of BC, but less than 1% of the BC population has had a virtual visit. Users of virtual visits tend to be younger and use is more likely for people with one or more major conditions (measured by ADGs). Only 144 primary care GPs (out of close to 5,000 in BC) provided virtual visits in 2013/14. About one-third of patients have a virtual visit with a physician already known to them, with the rest seeing a physician for the first time during their virtual visit. These visits do not appear to add costs to care, though there is a suggestion that it they are more effective as part of an ongoing therapeutic relationship.
ConclusionVirtual visits are a small portion of total primary care but are expected to increase. In some cases virtual visits appear to supplement existing forms of access, offering a new means by which to interact with a known provider. In other cases virtual care is with a new provider, which may suggest walk-in clinic type of service use. The implications of these two scenarios are clearly different, and further research with longer follow-up will be helpful in understanding long-term implications.
Laceration of the Aorta: An Autopsy Series
Authors: Mainland Mary K. , Cantu-Duran David , Adams Vernard I. 
Published: April 2017

Of 145 autopsies on subjects of impact trauma, 35 had lacerations of the aorta located as follows: proximal aorta ( 5 ), isthmus (22), and descending aorta ( 11 ) (three subjects had lacerations of the isthmus and the descending aorta). Four of the five lacerations of the proximal aorta ruptured into the pericardial sac. All lacerations at the isthmus were full thickness. Five were double, parallel, adjacent lacerations, of which only one was circumferential. Three of the 22 also had intimal tears of the descending aorta. One of the 22 lacerations was tamponaded and did not rupture into a body cavity. In eight, rupture and bleeding occurred into both pleural cavities, whereas 12 had rupture only into the left pleural cavity. Fourteen of the 22 had evidence of transient tamponade in the form of a mediastinal hematoma. Of the 11 subjects with lacerations of the descending aorta, one had only intimal tears. The other ten had full thickness lacerations that were located throughout the descending aorta. Four of the ten had more than one aortic laceration. Six of the total 11 had a vertebral dislocation. Three of the ten also had a laceration at the isthmus. Severe wounds of the head and thoracoabdominal viscera other than the aorta were common. Most subjects died at the scene. Novel to this study are the explicit descriptions of 1) aortic lacerations involving less than the circumference of the aorta, 2) aortic lacerations that are double, and 3) the tendency for double lacerations to be less than circumferential.
Acquired Angioedema: A Case of an Unexpected Death and Review of the Literature
Authors: Eichel Yekaterina , Batalis Nicholas I. 
Published: April 2017

Angioedema is a rapid swelling of the deep layers of skin including dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa, and submucosa. It results from rapid release of inflammatory mediators that increase the permeability of capillaries and venules through mechanisms involving mast cells or bradykinin. It can be classified as allergic, drug-induced, hereditary, acquired, and idiopathic. Acquired angioedema occurs when the C1 esterase inhibitor, which plays a role in down-regulating the complement system, is absent or defective. Diagnosis of this disorder should be considered in any patient presenting with episodes of swelling affecting cutaneous tissues and mucous membranes in or beyond the fourth decade of life, without a family history of angioedema. While the disorder can occur in isolation, the majority of patients have an underlying lymphoproliferative disorder or other malignancy. The clinical course of acquired angioedema is often unpredictable and attacks can range from minor swelling to unexpected death. The following case report describes a fatality due to acquired angioedema in a man with an underlying monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. A thorough review of the medical and family history, antemortem laboratory values, autopsy examination, and postmortem serum tryptase levels were all used to make the diagnosis and rule out other forms of angioedema. This case is presented, along with a review of other causes of death involving angioedema, in order to aid forensic pathologists in working up and certifying these deaths.