bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF CARBOHYDRATE-ELECTROLYTE-PROTEIN SOLUTION INGESTION ON 21 KM RUNNING PERFORMANCE IN FEMALE MARATHON RUNNERS
Authors: SUN F , GUI Z 
Published: November 2016

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of carbohydrate-electrolyte-protein solutions (CEPS), carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions (CES), and placebo (PLA) consumption on 21 km running performance in female runners. Nine healthy recreational female marathon runners (Age 36±7 y, BMI 21.0±2.3 kg/m2,VO2max48.4±6.8 ml/kg/min) completed 3 experimental trials in a randomized crossover study design, separated by at least 30 days. All the main trials were required to be finished in their follicular phase. In each main trial, participants were required to complete one 21 km performance running. For the first 5 km, the participants ran at a fixed speed of their individual 70%VO2max.Thereafter, the participants ran at whatever speed they wished for the remaining 16 km of the performance run. Every 2.5 km throughout the run, 150 ml of solutions was provided to the participants. The three solutions were CES (6%CHO), CEPS (4%CHO+2%PRO), and a non-caloric, artificially sweetened PLA. Three solutions contained the same electrolyte profile. Total energy was matched between CES and CEPS. No differences was found in remaining 16 km running performance among the three trials, with mean times of 103.3±3.1, 98.7±1.9, and 103.1±2.9 min for CEPS, CES and PLA trials, respectively. Blood glucose concentration was lower in PLA trial (4.5±0.1 mmol/L) than CES trial (5.6±0.2 mmol/L) (P=0.004). Blood lactate was higher in CES trial (2.5±0.3 mmol/L) than CEPS trial (1.8±0.2 mmol/L) (P=0.043). It seems that neither CES nor CEPS consumption during a 21 km run can improve exercise performance in recreational female marathon runners.The present study was supported by Dean's Research Fund (FLASS/DRF/ECR-2), Faculty of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, The Education University of Hong Kong.
Effectiveness of complementary food supplements and dietary counselling on anaemia and stunting in children aged 6–23 months in poor areas of Qinghai Province, China: a controlled interventional study
Authors: Zhang Yanfeng , Wu Qiong , Wang Wei , van Velthoven Michelle Helena , Chang Suying , Han Huijun , Xing Min , Chen Li , Scherpbier Robert W. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of dietary counselling and complementary food supplements on anaemia and stunting prevalence in children aged 6–23 months.DesignA controlled intervention study with measurements of height and haemoglobin levels, and cross-sectional surveys in August 2012 (baseline), 2013 (mid-term) and 2014 (end-line).SettingOne intervention county and one control county in rural Qinghai Province, China.InterventionComplementary food supplements (containing protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin A, B1, B2, B12, D3, folic acid, iron, zinc and calcium) and complementary feeding counselling were given in the intervention county.ParticipantsCaregivers and their children aged 6–23 months.Primary and secondary outcome measuresEffect of the interventions on the prevalence of anaemia (haemoglobin <110 g/L) and stunting (z-score of height-for-age <−2.0) (controlled for differences between the counties), and on infant feeding practices.ResultsThe surveys were conducted on 1804, 2187 and 2186 children aged 6–23 months in the intervention county in August 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively, and 804, 680 and 790 children in the control county, respectively. Between the baseline and end-line surveys, anaemia prevalence decreased more in the intervention county than in the control county (71.1% to 47.8% vs 86.3% to 75.3%, respectively; p<0.0001). There was no difference in the decrease in stunting prevalence between the counties (9.7% to 7.1% vs 17.0% to 15.0%; p=0.7954). The proportions of children given iron-rich or iron-fortified food, introduced to (semi-) solid food at 6–8 months, and given food with minimum dietary diversity increased from 43.2% to 88.8% (p<0.0001), 81.4% to 96% (p=0.0470) and 53.0% to 59.8% (p<0.0001), respectively in the intervention county.ConclusionsWe found much higher anaemia prevalence in poor rural areas of Qinghai Province compared with the national data. Community-based complementary food supplements combined with dietary counselling can improve feeding practices and reduce anaemia prevalence. Future studies should use longer follow-up to assess the effects on stunting.Strengths and limitationsWe included a large number of participants and assessed a combined complementary food supplements and dietary counselling intervention in a poor rural area in China with high anaemia prevalence. Although the study took place in only one intervention county and one control county, we conducted an analysis that controlled for differences between the two counties. Also, although we made significant efforts to train village doctors, their education was not systematically assessed after training and thus their delivery of the interventions may have been variable.Trial registration numberChiCTRPRC12002444; Pre-results.
Total and cause-specific mortality of Finnish military personnel following service in international peacekeeping operations 1990–2010: a comprehensive register-based cohort study
Authors: Laukkala T , Parkkola K , Henriksson M , Pirkola S , Kaikkonen N , Pukkala E , Jousilahti P 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo estimate total and cause-specific mortality after international peacekeeping deployments among the Finnish military peacekeeping personnel in comparison to the general population of similar age and sex.DesignA register-based study of a cohort of military peacekeeping personnel in 1990–2010 followed for mortality until the end of 2013. Causes of death were obtained from the national Causes of Death Register. The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) for total and cause-specific mortality was calculated as the ratio of observed and expected number of deaths.SettingFinland (peacekeeping operations in different countries in Africa, Asia and in an area of former Yugoslavia in Europe).Participants14 584 men and 418 women who had participated in international military peacekeeping operations ending between 1990 and 2010.InterventionsParticipation in military peacekeeping operations.Main outcomeTotal and cause-specific mortality.Results209 men and 3 women died after their peacekeeping service. The SMR for all-cause mortality was 0.55 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.62). For the male peacekeeping personnel, the SMR for all diseases was 0.44 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.53) and for accidental and violent deaths 0.69 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.82). The SMR for suicides was 0.71 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.92).ConclusionsEven though military peacekeeping personnel are working in unique and often stressful conditions, their mortality after their service is lower compared with the general population. Military peacekeeping personnel appear to be a selected population group with low general mortality and no excess risk of any cause of death after peacekeeping service.
Analyses of infectious disease patterns and drivers largely lack insights from social epidemiology: contemporary patterns and future opportunities
Authors: Noppert Grace A , Kubale John T , Wilson Mark L 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundInfectious disease epidemiologists have long recognised the importance of social variables as drivers of epidemics and disease risk, yet few apply analytic approaches from social epidemiology. We quantified and evaluated the extent to which recent infectious disease research is employing the perspectives and methods of social epidemiology by replicating the methodology used by Cohenet alin a 2007 study.Methods2 search strategies were used to identify and review articles published from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2013. First, we performed a keyword search of ‘social epidemiology’ in the title/abstract/text of published studies identified in PubMed, PsychInfo and ISI Web of Science, and classified each study as pertaining to infectious, non-infectious or other outcomes. A second PubMed search identified articles that were cross-referenced under non-infectious or infectious, and search terms relating to social variables. The abstracts of all articles were read, classified and examined to identify patterns over time.ResultsFindings suggest that infectious disease research publications that explicitly or implicitly incorporate social epidemiological approaches have stagnated in recent years. While the number of publications that were explicitly self-classified as ‘social epidemiology’ has risen, the proportion that investigated infectious disease outcomes has declined. Furthermore, infectious diseases accounted for the smallest proportion of articles that were cross-referenced with Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to social factors, and most of these involved sexually transmitted diseases.ConclusionsThe current landscape of infectious disease epidemiology could benefit from new approaches to understanding how the social and biophysical environment sustains transmission and exacerbates disparities. The framework of social epidemiology provides infectious disease researchers with such a perspective and research opportunity.
Bleeding events and maintenance dose of prasugrel: BLESS pilot study
Authors: Carrabba Nazario , Parodi Guido , Marcucci Rossella , Valenti Renato , Gori Anna Maria , Migliorini Angela , Comito Vincenzo , Bellandi Benedetta , Abbate Rosanna , Gensini Gian Franco , Antoniucci David 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate changes in residual platelet reactivity (RPR) over time, and bleeding and ischaemic events rate using 5 vs 10 mg maintenance dose (MD) regimens of prasugrel 1 month after acute coronary syndrome (ACS).BackgroundThe optimal level of RPR with prasugrel may change over time after an ACS.MethodsAfter 60 mg loading dose of prasugrel (T0) followed by 10 mg/day for 1 month, patients were randomised to receive prasugrel 10 mg/day (n=95, group A) or 5 mg/day MD (n=98, group B) up to 1 year. RPR was assessed at T0, 37 (T1) and 180 days (T2). The primary end point was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) bleeding events ≥2 between 1 and 12 months, and the secondary composite end point was cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke and definite/probable stent thrombosis.ResultsFrom T0 to T1, RPR significantly increased in both groups A and B and the increase was higher for group B (δ ADP 10 µmol: 13.8%±14.7% vs 23.5%±19.2%, p=0.001). At T2 a lower rate of high RPR patients were found in group A (2.6% vs13.3%; p=0.014). The BARC type ≥2 bleeding occurred in 12.6% of group A versus 4.1% of group B (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.94) and secondary end point in 2.1% vs 1.0% (p=0.542), respectively, without stent thrombosis.ConclusionsRPR increases shifting from 60 mg loading dose to 10 mg/day prasugrel MD with a further increase of RPR reducing prasugrel MD to 5 mg 1 month after ACS. Clinical value of these pharmacodynamic findings should be proved in larger clinical trials.Trial registration numberNCT01790854.
Fairness and Incentive Considerations in Energy Apportionment Policies
Authors: Vergara Ekhiotz Jon , Nadjm-Tehrani Simin , Asplund Mikael 
Published: November 2016

The energy consumption of a system is determined by the system component usage patterns and interactions between the coexisting entities and resources. Energy accounting plays an essential role in revealing the contribution of each entity to the total consumption and for energy management. Unfortunately, energy accounting inherits the apportionment problem of accounting in general, which does not have a general single best solution. In this article, we leverage cooperative game theory, which is commonly used in cost allocation problems to study the energy apportionment problem, that is, the problem of prescribing the actual energy consumption of a system to the consuming entities (e.g., applications, processes, or users of the system).
We identify five relevant fairness properties for energy apportionment and present a detailed categorisation and analysis of eight previously proposed energy apportionment policies from different fields in computer and communication systems. In addition, we propose two novel energy apportionment policies based on cooperative game theory that provide strong fairness notion and a rich incentive structure. Our comparative analysis in terms of the identified five fairness properties as well as information requirement and computational complexity shows that there is a tradeoff between fairness and the other evaluation criteria. We provide guidelines to select an energy apportionment policy depending on the purpose of the apportionment and the characteristics of the system.
Reliability Analysis of SSDs Under Power Fault
Authors: Zheng Mai , Tucek Joseph , Qin Feng , Lillibridge Mark , Zhao Bill W. , Yang Elizabeth S. 
Published: November 2016

Modern storage technology (solid-state disks (SSDs), NoSQL databases, commoditized RAID hardware, etc.) brings new reliability challenges to the already-complicated storage stack. Among other things, the behavior of these new components during power faults—which happen relatively frequently in data centers—is an important yet mostly ignored issue in this dependability-critical area. Understanding how new storage components behave under power fault is the first step towards designing new robust storage systems.
In this article, we propose a new methodology to expose reliability issues in block devices under power faults. Our framework includes specially designed hardware to inject power faults directly to devices, workloads to stress storage components, and techniques to detect various types of failures. Applying our testing framework, we test 17 commodity SSDs from six different vendors using more than three thousand fault injection cycles in total. Our experimental results reveal that 14 of the 17 tested SSD devices exhibit surprising failure behaviors under power faults, including bit corruption, shorn writes, unserializable writes, metadata corruption, and total device failure.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Subset Accumulation in Renal Cell Carcinoma Parenchyma Is Associated with Intratumoral Expression of IL1β, IL8, CXCL5, and Mip-1α
Authors: Najjar Yana G. , Rayman Patricia , Jia Xuefei , Pavicic Paul G. , Rini Brian I. , Tannenbaum Charles , Ko Jennifer , Haywood Samuel , Cohen Peter , Hamilton Thomas , Diaz-Montero C. Marcela , Finke James 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Little is known about the association between myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) subsets and various chemokines in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or the factors that draw MDSC into tumor parenchyma.
Experimental Design: We analyzed polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSC), monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC), and immature MDSC (I-MDSC) from the parenchyma and peripheral blood of 48 patients with RCC, isolated at nephrectomy. We analyzed levels of IL1β, IL8, CXCL5, Mip-1α, MCP-1, and Rantes. Furthermore, we performed experiments in a Renca murine model to assess therapeutic synergy between CXCR2 and anti-PD1 and to elucidate the impact of IL1β blockade on MDSC.
Results: Parenchymal PMN-MDSC have a positive correlation with IL1β, IL8, CXCL5, and Mip-1α, and I-MDSC correlate with IL8 and CXCL5. Furthermore, peripheral PMN-MDSC correlate with tumor grade. Given that PMN-MDSC express CXCR2 and parenchymal PMN-MDSC correlated with IL8 and CXCL5, we assessed the response of CXCR2 blockade with or without anti-PD1. Combination therapy reduced tumor weight and enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration. In addition, anti-IL1β decreased PMN-MDSC and M-MDSC in the periphery, PMN-MDSC in the tumor, and peripheral CXCL5 and KC. Anti-IL1β also delayed tumor growth.
Conclusions: Parenchymal PMN-MDSC have a positive correlation with IL1β, IL8, CXCL5, and Mip-1α, suggesting they may attract PMN-MDSC into the tumor. Peripheral PMN-MDSC correlate with tumor grade, suggesting prognostic significance. Anti-CXCR2 and anti-PD1 synergized to reduce tumor weight and enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration in a Renca murine model, suggesting that CXCR2+ PMN-MDSC are important in reducing activity of anti-PD1 antibody. Finally, anti-IL1β decreases MDSC and delayed tumor growth, suggesting a potential target for MDSC inhibition. Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2346–55. ©2016 AACR.
Simvastatin-Induced Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma Cells: A Key Role of RhoA-AMPK/p38 MAPK Signaling in Antitumor Activity
Authors: Kamel Walied A. , Sugihara Eiji , Nobusue Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi-Iwai Sayaka , Onishi Nobuyuki , Maki Kenta , Fukuchi Yumi , Matsuo Koichi , Muto Akihiro , Saya Hideyuki , Shimizu Takatsune 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary bone tumor, novel therapeutic agents for which are urgently needed. To identify such agents, we screened a panel of approved drugs with a mouse model of osteosarcoma. The screen identified simvastatin, which inhibited the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Simvastatin also induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells in a manner dependent on inhibition of the mevalonate biosynthetic pathway. It also disrupted the function of the small GTPase RhoA and induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p38 MAPK, with AMPK functioning upstream of p38 MAPK. Inhibitors of AMPK or p38 MAPK attenuated the induction of apoptosis by simvastatin, whereas metformin enhanced this effect of simvastatin by further activation of AMPK. Although treatment with simvastatin alone did not inhibit osteosarcoma tumor growth in vivo, its combination with a fat-free diet induced a significant antitumor effect that was enhanced further by metformin administration. Our findings suggest that simvastatin induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells via activation of AMPK and p38 MAPK, and that, in combination with other approaches, it holds therapeutic potential for osteosarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(1); 182–92. ©2016 AACR.
Dietary Weight Loss, Exercise, and Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Duggan Catherine , Tapsoba Jean de Dieu , Wang Ching-Yun , Campbell Kristin L. , Foster-Schubert Karen , Gross Myron D. , McTiernan Anne 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOxidative stress, a potential mechanism linking obesity and cancer, results from an imbalance between activation/inactivation of reactive oxygen species, byproducts of cellular metabolism. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated effects of diet and/or exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress. A total of 439 overweight/obese [body mass index (BMI) &gt; 25 kg/m2] postmenopausal women, ages 50 of 75 years, were randomized to 12 months of (i) reduced-calorie weight loss diet (“diet”; n = 118); (ii) moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise (“exercise”; n = 117); (iii) combined diet and exercise intervention (“diet + exercise”; n = 117); or (iv) control (n = 87). Outcomes were circulating markers of oxidative stress, including fluorescent oxidation products (FOP), F2-isoprostanes, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). On average, participants were 57.9 years, with a BMI of 30.9 kg/m2. F2-isprostanes were significantly reduced in the diet (−22.7%, P = 0.0002) and diet + exercise (−23.5%, P &lt; 0.0001) arms versus controls (−2.99%) and nonsignificantly reduced in the exercise arm (−14.5%, P = 0.01). Participants randomized to the diet and diet + exercise arms had significant increases in levels of FOP [control −5.81%; diet +14.77% (P = 0.0001); diet + exercise +17.45%, (P = 0.0001)]. In secondary analyses, increasing weight loss was statistically significantly associated with linear trends of greater reductions in oxidized LDL and in F2-isoprostanes and increases in FOP. Compared with controls, exercise participants whose maximal oxygen consumption increased had significant decreases in levels of F2-isoprostanes and in oxidized LDL and increases in FOP. Dietary weight loss, with or without exercise, significantly reduced some markers of oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. Cancer Prev Res; 9(11); 835–43. ©2016 AACR.
Abstract A014: CIITA dependent MHC class II IA expression in tumor cells triggers CD4 T cell protective and long lasting antitumor immunity
Authors: Eddine Farah Bou Nasser , Forlani Greta , Tosi Giovanna , Accolla Roberto S. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We previously demonstrated the generation of a CD4 T cell-specific long lasting anti-tumor immune response in the H-2d BALB/c mouse model by using tumor cells that have been genetically modified with CIITA to express MHC-II I-E and I-A molecules. We have now investigated the pertinence of this approach in the H-2b C57BL/6 mouse model despite the defect in their I-Eα gene and thus the lack of expression of I-E subset. To this purpose we injected in vivo the CIITA-driven I-A-only MHC-II-positive LLC (lewis Lung Carcinoma) and MC38 colon carcinoma in the C57BL/6 mice and their growth rate along with the recipient's immune response were analyzed. The CIITA-transfected, MHC-II-positive tumor cells were either completely rejected or showed a significant growth retardation compared to the MHC-II-negative parental tumor. The protected mice were re-injected with the parental tumors and a complete rejection was obtained proving that a specific long lasting immune response was triggered by the CIITA-transfected tumors. Furthermore, total splenocytes or purified CD4+, CD8+ T cells and B cells were transferred from the vaccinated recipients to naïve recipients that were co-injected with the parental tumor cells and the results showed that CD4+ TH cells were the main effectors of the immune response against the tumor cells. Interestingly, similar results were obtained in C57BL/6-DOG transgenic mice whose dendritic cells could be conditionally ablated after administration of Diphteria toxin. These results demonstrate the validity of triggering a specific, long-lasting anti-tumor immune response using CIITA-driven MHC class II positive tumor cells of different MHC haplotype as stimulators. Importantly, the results establish that expression of a single MHC-II restriction element, I-A, in tumor cells is sufficient to trigger CD4+ TH cell protective immune response, strongly suggesting that the relevant tumor-associated antigenic repertoire can be displayed without the need of the I-E restriction element. Finally, these results strongly suggest that CIITA-modified tumor cells can act as antigen presenting cells in vivo to prime naïve CD4+ TH cells against tumor antigens.
Citation Format: Farah Bou Nasser Eddine, Greta Forlani, Giovanna Tosi, Roberto S. Accolla. CIITA dependent MHC class II IA expression in tumor cells triggers CD4 T cell protective and long lasting antitumor immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A014.