bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repair of the Nasal Floor by the Cleft Margin Flap in Bilateral Complete Cleft Lip
Authors: Tsumoto Jumpei , Imai Keisuke , Wu Cheng Chun 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Bilateral complete cleft lip deformity has been the most challenging to plastic surgeons, and lots of methods of repair have been described in the literature. The basic principles are to achieve continuity of the orbicularis oris muscle, a balanced Cupid's bow with nasal ala, and a complete reconstruction of the nasal floor. The last one is, however, easily neglected. A well-reconstructed nasal floor serves as a good support of the nasal cartilage, which minimizes secondary deformity. In addition, a nasal floor with sufficient soft tissue and minimal contracture makes bone grafting easier in the future. The cleft margin flap was first introduced by Tajima in 1983 and used for the nasal floor repair in the unilateral complete cleft lip. The authors have used this technique in bilateral complete cleft lip repair, and from our practice, tension-free repairs of the nasal floors could easily be achieved by the cleft margin flaps. The results were satisfying and no significant scar contracture or deformity of the nasal floor was observed during follow-up. The authors conclude that the cleft margin flaps are viable and alternative choices for the repair of the nasal floors in bilateral complete cleft lip without major complications.
Management of Nonsyndromic Skeletal Dysgnathia by Distraction Osteogenesis Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Kochar Gagan Deep , Chakranarayan Ashish , Varghese Bensy , Londhe Sanjay Manohar , Chowdhury Sanjay Kumar Roy , Krishnawarrier Shreehari Ambika 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis has been a paradigm shift in the field of orthognathic surgery. Majority of the published cases are those of syndromic patients that have been managed using varying treatment protocols. This communication describes a patient of 18-year-old male diagnosed with skeletal Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retognathism. The patient was taken up for mandibular corpus distraction of 10 mm. By this approach the patient was benefitted with good esthetic result and functional occlusion. Distraction protocol followed in this patient for lengthening of mandibular corpus has resulted in a stable outcome. The 2-year follow-up photographs show a stable result both esthetically and functionally.
Population genomic analysis reveals contrasting demographic changes of two closely related dolphin species in the last glacial
Authors: Vijay Nagarjun , Park Chungoo , Oh Jooseong , Jin Soyeong , Kern Elizabeth , Kim Hyun Woo , Zhang Jianzhi , Park Joong-Ki 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTPopulation genomic data can be used to infer historical effective population sizes (Ne), which help study the impact of past climate changes on biodiversity. Previous genome sequencing of one individual of the common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus revealed an unusual, sharp rise in Ne during the last glacial, raising questions about the reliability, generality, underlying cause, and biological implication of this finding. Here we first verify this result by additional sampling of T. truncatus. We then sequence and analyze the genomes of its close relative, the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin T. aduncus. The two species exhibit contrasting demographic changes in the last glacial, likely through actual changes in population size and/or alterations in the level of gene flow among populations. Our findings demonstrate that even closely related species can have drastically different responses to climatic changes, making predicting the fate of individual species in the ongoing global warming a serious challenge.
Developmental loci harbor clusters of accelerated regions that evolved independently in ape lineages
Authors: Kostka Dennis , Holloway Alisha K. , Pollard Katherine S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSome of the fastest evolving regions of the human genome are conserved non-coding elements with many human-specific DNA substitutions. These Human Accelerated Regions (HARs) are enriched nearby regulatory genes, and several HARs function as developmental enhancers. To investigate if this evolutionary signature is unique to humans, we quantified evidence of accelerated substitutions in conserved genomic elements across multiple lineages and applied this approach simultaneously to the genomes of five apes: human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and gibbon. We find roughly similar numbers and genomic distributions of lineage-specific accelerated regions (linARs) in all five apes. In particular, apes share an enrichment of linARs in regulatory DNA nearby genes involved in development, especially transcription factors and other regulators. Many developmental loci harbor clusters of nonoverlapping linARs from multiple apes, suggesting that accelerated evolution in each species affected distinct regulatory elements that control a shared set of developmental pathways. Our statistical tests distinguish between GC-biased and unbiased accelerated substitution rates, allowing us to quantify the roles of different evolutionary forces in creating linARs. We find evidence of GC-biased gene conversion in each ape, but unbiased acceleration consistent with positive selection or loss of constraint is more common in all five lineages. It therefore appears that similar evolutionary processes created independent accelerated regions in the genomes of different apes, and that these lineage-specific changes to conserved non-coding sequences may have differentially altered expression of a core set of developmental genes across ape evolution.
Host shifts result in parallel genetic changes when viruses evolve in closely related species
Authors: Longdon Ben , Day Jonathan P , Alves Joel M , Smith Sophia CL , Houslay Thomas M , McGonigle John E , Tagliaferri Lucia , Jiggins Francis M 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHost shifts, where a pathogen invades and establishes in a new host species, are a major source of emerging infectious diseases. They frequently occur between related host species and often rely on the pathogen evolving adaptations that increase their fitness in the novel host species. To investigate genetic changes in novel hosts, we experimentally evolved replicate lineages of an RNA virus (Drosophila C Virus) in 19 different species of Drosophilidae and deep sequenced the viral genomes. We found a strong pattern of parallel evolution, where viral lineages from the same host were genetically more similar to each other than to lineages from other host species. When we compared viruses that had evolved in different host species, we found that parallel genetic changes were more likely to occur if the two host species were closely related. This suggests that when a virus adapts to one host it might also become better adapted to closely related host species. This may explain in part why host shifts tend to occur between related species, and may mean that when a new pathogen appears in a given species, closely related species may become vulnerable to the new disease.
Australian customer willingness to pay and wait for mass-customised products
Authors: Kalantari Hassan Daronkola , Johnson Lester 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to find out how consumers constantly trade off the potential extra cost of mass customisation with the additional time they have to wait to receive their customised products.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors examine this issue by using conjoint analysis to estimate the trade-offs using a sample of Australian consumers. The authors use cluster analysis to form market segments in the three product categories examined.

Findings
The segments demonstrate that there are groups of customers who are quite willing to trade-off price with waiting time. The results have significant implications for Australian manufacturers who are contemplating moving into mass customisation.

Originality/value
Many researchers have investigated the issue of a customer’s readiness to buy a customised product. In particular, they have examined whether customers are willing to pay extra for a mass-customised product, whether they would spend some time to design it, as well as wait to receive it. There has been no study that has examined all three factors simultaneously. The results of this study can help manufacturers form a better understanding of customer willingness for purchasing mass-customised products.
Indian telecom regulatory framework in comparison with five countries: structure, role description and funding
Authors: Hallur Giri Gundu , Sane Vivek S. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a cross-country qualitative comparative analysis of telecom regulatory frameworks of five countries with that of India. Adopting an institutionalist approach, this paper contributes to understanding of how institutional frameworks in these five countries are structured as compared to that in India so as to ensure division of the authority and scope of the regulator vis-a-vis that of the ministry, and the bureaucracy; financial autonomy of the regulator; redressal of grievances of individual consumers; and modification in the framework to cater to convergence of telecom and broadcasting.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on literature review of research papers, secondary research and documents published by the regulators of the five countries. The research methodology used is qualitative comparative analysis case-based research of five countries. The variables for comparison have been sourced from the World Bank Handbook for Evaluating Infrastructure Regulatory System. The researcher has adopted qualitative research method to bring forth the similarity, as well as the diversity in the regulatory setup of the five countries in comparison with India.

Findings
Analysis reveals that there is an absence of clear role definition for policy formulating body, the DoT and the regulatory body, the TRAI. The involvement of a number of bodies leads to duplication of regulatory functions in the TRAI, DoT and the Telecom Commission. Secondly, with respect to standards, compliance and spectrum management, the TEC and WPC function as divisions of DoT; however, the TRAI is entrusted with ensuring interoperability among service providers as well as spectrum management. This leads to duplication of regulatory functions and absence of a single authority. Lastly, funding of the TRAI is done through the departmental allocation given to DoT alone with no additional funds coming in the form of regulatory fees. This is seen to be specific to TRAI as other sector regulators in India have been empowered to collect fees from industry participants. The Indian framework shows two commonalities in comparison with the five countries; firstly, India has adopted self-regulation through the setting up of the Telco-consumer group-led consumer redressal process. The second similarity being convergence of the regulatory functions performed by the TRAI for the telecom as well as the information and broadcasting ministries, although the two ministries continue to function independently.

Originality/value
The paper furthers the understanding of the good practices in the design of telecom regulatory framework. It brings out the similarity and diversity in these frameworks. And, most importantly, it highlights limitations that the Indian telecom regulatory framework has in areas of role definition for the regulator, its autonomy and regulation of telecom-media convergence.
Research on market power and market structure
Authors: Sun Baowen , Jing Wenjun , Zhao Xuankai , He Yi 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to clear whether the monopoly structure of the internet industry has produced market power and discussed the welfare change of the internet industry monopoly.

Design/methodology/approach
By using new empirical industrial organization methods and taking the e-commerce market as an example, the authors measured market power and economies of scale of the internet platform companies.

Findings
Internet platform enterprises have formed scale economy, but it has not had market power, and the industry still maintains high levels of competition; also, the emergence of large enterprises may increase the welfare of consumers.

Originality/value
The conclusion of this paper clarified actual competition status of internet industry and provided a new foothold for regulation and ideas for the traditional industry to crack the Marshall Conflict.
Analysis of e-commerce transaction system’s division of labor based on essential services quantity
Authors: Wang Li , Chai Yueting , Liu Yi 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The division of labor of e-commerce transaction system is an important research topic. However, there is a certain disparity between the current mainstream research model and the reality, which leads to a biased result. This paper aims to find the effects of transaction efficiency on the evolution of e-commerce transaction system’s division of labor and the relationships between the results and other parameters.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper puts forward a definition of transaction efficiency based on transaction services and establishes a model of middleman’s specialized production decision of transaction services on this basis.

Findings
The research results show that the transaction efficiency plays an important role on the change of middlemen’s division of labor level. The degree of economic specialization, price of commodities and transaction services and other associated factors also affect middlemen’s division of labor.

Originality/value
This paper is of great significance for evaluating the development level and forecast the development direction of e-commerce.
A driving behavior model evaluation for UBI
Authors: Liu Zhishuo , Shen Qianhui , Ma Jingmiao 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to provide a driving behavior scoring model to decide the personalized automobile premium for each driver.

Design/methodology/approach
Driving behavior scoring model.

Findings
The driving behavior scoring model could effectively reflect the risk level of driver’s safe driving.

Originality/value
A driving behavior scoring model for UBI.
Resilience and entrepreneurship: a systematic literature review
Authors: Korber Stefan , McNaughton Rod B. 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review existing literature at the intersection of resilience and entrepreneurship. It identifies six scholarly conversations, each of which draws on distinct notions of resilience and entrepreneurship. Based on those conversations, shortcomings in the existing literature are discussed and avenues for future research are outlined.Design/methodology/approachA systematic multi-disciplinary review of 144 papers that are categorized into six scholarly conversations to build the foundation for a critical discussion of each line of inquiry.FindingsThis paper identifies six conversations or research streams at the intersection of entrepreneurship and resilience: resilience as traits or characteristics of entrepreneurial firms or individuals, resilience as a trigger for entrepreneurial intentions, entrepreneurial behavior as enhancing organizational resilience, entrepreneurial firms fostering macro-level (regions, communities, economies) resilience, resilience in the context of entrepreneurial failure, and resilience as a process of recovery and transformation. The review revealed these publications imprecisely define constructs and use a limited amount of the extant scholarship on both entrepreneurship and resilience. Future research should take a more holistic approach to explore entrepreneurship and resilience from a multi-level and longitudinal perspective, especially in the context of socio-ecological sustainability.Originality/valueThis paper incorporates insights on resilience and entrepreneurship across academic disciplines to show how future contributions could benefit by incorporating research from other fields. In doing so, it provides a starting point for more nuanced discussions around the interrelationships between the different conversations and the role entrepreneurs can play in promoting a positive, long-term trajectory for a socio-ecological system.
A tool for creating breakthrough choices: integrative thinking methodology
Authors: Leavy Brian 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Roger L. Martin, one of the most respected strategists, is questioned by veteran S&L interviewer Brian Leavy. The questions range from the how and why of integrative thinking methodology to academic arguments over resource-based view of strategy.

Design/methodology/approach
Martin, co-author with Jennifer Riel of the new book Creating Great Choices, shares the insights they have developed while learning how to guide executives through integrative thinking methodolgy.

Findings
The necessary raw materials for an integrative solution are two opposing models. By exposing your model to other models through interaction, together you can utilize pieces of those models to generate a new one.

Practical implications
We see the value of prototyping solutions – expecting to be only partially right with the first prototype and learning a lot from putting the ideas into action, seeing what works and what doesn’t, and improving iteratively.

Originality/value
Martin’s guide to break though thinking shares the insights he has learned from working with brilliant CEOs and others who have sought to find a better solution to a dilemma or paradox than the unsatisfactory solutions confronting them.
Patterns and drivers of biodiversity–stability relationships under climate extremes
Authors: De Boeck Hans J. , Bloor Juliette M. G. , Kreyling Juergen , Ransijn Johannes C. G. , Nijs Ivan , Jentsch Anke , Zeiter Michaela 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Interactions between biodiversity loss and climate change present significant challenges for research, policy and management of ecosystems. Evidence suggests that high species diversity tends to increase plant community stability under interannual climate fluctuations and mild dry and wet events, but the overall pattern of diversity–stability relationships under climate extremes is unclear.

We comprehensively review results from observational and experimental studies to assess the importance of diversity effects for ecosystem function under climate extremes. Both the broad literature review and a meta‐analysis focused on the effects of extreme precipitation events on above‐ground biomass reveal no significant interaction between species richness and climate extremes.

Causes for variation in diversity effects under climate extremes are explored, from stress thresholds to biotic interactions and community assembly, and we consider how these may modulate the outcomes of biodiversity–stability relationships. We also examine how specific characteristics of climate extremes and timing of measurements may interact with mechanisms of diversity–stability relationships.

Synthesis. Hypotheses tailored to the complexity of diversity effects, the implementation of standardised experiments and the use of trait‐based biodiversity measures rather than species richness should lead to better causal understanding of whether and how biodiversity may protect ecosystems from adverse effects of climate extremes.
Statistical Modeling of the Case Information From the Ohio Attorney General's Sexual Assault Kit Testing Initiative
Authors: Kerka Jaimie E. , Heckman Derek J. , Albert James H. , Sprague Jon E. , Maddox Lewis O. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Ohio Attorney General's Sexual Assault Kit (SAK) Testing Initiative has resulted in nearly 14,000 kits being processed since the initiation of the project in 2012. A logistic regression model was fit to the data from 2500 SAKs in order to determine the probability of obtaining at least one Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) eligible DNA profile based on a number of predictor variables. The probability of obtaining at least one CODIS eligible DNA profile from an SAK varied as a function of (i) days to kit collection following a sexual assault; (ii) years to kit submission to the laboratory for testing following kit collection; (iii) the age of the victim; and (iv) the occurrence of victim‐reported consensual sex around the time of the assault and/or kit collection. These findings demonstrate the utility of the statistical modeling of data obtained from the “forklift” testing approach of sexual assault kits.
Oviposition site preference of Barbitistes vicetinus (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) during outbreaks
Authors: Cavaletto Giacomo , Faccoli Massimo , Marini Lorenzo , Martinez‐Sañudo Isabel , Mazzon Luca 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Barbitistes vicetinus is an endemic bush‐cricket of north‐east Italy that causes heavy damage to woody vegetation and crops. Because the species was described in the late 1990s and outbreaks occurred only in the last decade, no data are currently available on pest biology and ecology. Female oviposition preference, in particular, is a key factor for understanding species habitat use, as well as for developing species monitoring and control programmes.
We tested the influence of vegetation type (forest, vineyard and hedgerow) and soil cover (broadleaf litter and grass) on the oviposition preference of the species. A 3‐year study was conducted and 18 sites across the outbreak area were sampled with emergence traps.
A higher nymph density was recorded in woody vegetation than in vineyards without a density gradient from the inner forest to the edge. Moreover, a significantly lower density was found under grass cover (approximately three individuals per trap) compared with broadleaf litter (approximately 39 individuals per trap).
Although B. vicetinus is commonly found in vineyards, where it can cause severe damage, these habitats did not offer to the species suitable oviposition sites. These results provide useful insights with respect to the management of B. vicetinus outbreaks.
Visibility of an iron‐containing fiducial marker in magnetic resonance imaging for high‐precision external beam prostate radiotherapy
Authors: Tanaka Osamu , Komeda Hisao , Hirose Shigeki , Taniguchi Takuya , Ono Kousei , Matsuo Masayuki 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionVisualization of fiducial gold markers is critical for registration on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for imaging‐guided radiotherapy. Although larger markers provide better visualization on MRI, they tend to generate artifacts on CT. MRI is strongly influenced by the presence of metals, such as iron, in the body. Here we compared efficacies of a 0.5% iron‐containing gold marker (GM) and a traditional non‐iron‐containing marker.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients underwent CT/MRI fusion‐based intensity‐modulated radiotherapy. Markers were placed by urologists under local anesthesia. Gold Anchor (GA; diameter: 0.28 mm; length: 10 mm), an iron‐containing marker, was placed on the right side of the prostate using a 22‐G needle and VISICOIL (VIS; diameter: 0.35 mm; length: 10 mm), a non‐iron‐containing marker, was placed on the left side using a 19‐G needle. T2*‐weighted images MRI sequences were obtained. Two radiation oncologists and a radiation technologist evaluated and assigned scores for visual quality on a five‐point scale (1, poor; 5, best visibility).ResultsArtifact generation on CT was slightly greater with GA than with VIS. The mean marker visualization scores on MRI of all three observers were significantly superior for GA than for VIS (3.5 vs 3.2, 3.9 vs 3.2, and 4.0 vs 2.9). The actual size of the spherical GA was about 2 mm in diameter, but the signal void on MRI was approximately 5 mm.ConclusionAlthough both markers were well visualized and can be recommended clinically, the results suggest that GA has some subtle advantages for quantitative visualization that could prove useful in certain situations of stereotactic body radiotherapy and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy.