bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationale Design, Synthesis, Cytotoxicity Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of 1,3,4-oxadiazole Analogues
Authors: Ahsan Mohamed Jawed , Choupra Arun , Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Jadav Surender Singh , Padmaja Pannala , Hassan Mohd. Zaheen , Al-Tamimi Abdulmalik Bin Saleh , Geesi Mohammed H. , Bakht Mohammed Afroz 
Published: April 2017

Background:
1,3,4-Oxadiazole heterocycles possess a broad spectrum of biological activities. They
were reported as potent cytotoxic agents and tubulin inhibitors; hence it is of great interest to explore new
oxadiazoles as cytotoxic agents targeting tubulin polymerization.

Objective:
Two new series of oxadiazoles (5a-h and 12a-h) were synthesized, structurally related to the heterocyclic
linked aryl core of IMC-038525, NSC 776715, and NSC 776716, with further modification by incorporating
methylene linker.

Method:
The 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (5a-h and 12a-h) were synthesized by refluxing an equimolar
mixture of the intermediates [(4) and (8a-d)] and aromatic aldehydes in water-ethanol system using sodium
bisulphite catalyst. The cytotoxicity evaluation was carried out according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI
US) Protocol, while the tubulin polymerization assay kits from Cytoskeleton ™(bk011p) was used to perform an
in vitro tubulin polymerization assay.

Results:
2-(5-{[(4-Chlorophenyl)amino]methyl}-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol (5f) and 2-[(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)
methyl]-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (12c) showed maximum cytotoxicity with the mean percent
growth inhibitions (GIs) of 71.56 and 72.68 respectively at 10 µM drug concentrations. Both the compounds (5f
and 12c) showed superior cytotoxicity than clinically prevalent anticancer drugs, Imatinib and Gefitinib in one
dose assay. The compound 12c showed promising results in five dose assay, with GI50 values varies between
1.61 and >100 µM. Furthermore, the compounds, 5f and 12c also inhibited the polymerization of tubulin with,
an IC50 of 2.8 and 2.2 µM, respectively.

Conclusion:
The oxadiazoles reported herein are tubulin inhibitors and cytotoxic agents. These findings will be
helpful in future drug design of more potent tubulin inhibitor cytotoxic agents.
Measuring precision for deterministic and probabilistic record linkage
Authors: Kindermann Bindi , Chipperfield James , Hansen Noel , Rossiter Peter , Wright Jeffrey 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesVarious organisations are increasingly linking administrative, survey, and census data to enhance dimensions such as time and breadth or depth of detail. Because a unique person identifier is often not available, records belonging to two different people may be incorrectly linked. Estimating the proportion of links that are correct, called precision, is difficult because, even after clerical review, there will remain some uncertainty about whether a link is in fact correct or incorrect.
This presentation proposes some methods for estimating precision when using either deterministic (rules-based) or probabilistic linkage. These methods are model-based and do not require clerical review. The main uses of these methods are to estimate:
1. Precision during the linking process. This is useful to refine how linkage is carried out, such as the choice of linking variables and weight thresholds.
2. Precision after the files are linked. This provides a useful "quality indicator" of the linked data.
ApproachTwo methods of estimating precision are described:
1. Simulation – the linking process is simulated many times, whether it is probabilistic or deterministic. The key step being the simulation of the agreement pattern between data sets, based on underlying probabilities.
2. An algebraic estimator – this is applicable for deterministic linking only, and provides a quicker way of estimating precision.
Both methods are investigated using two studies: (i) synthetic data (ii) real data (death registrations linked to census data).
ResultsThe estimators perform very well using both the synthetic and real data, even when assumptions about the independence of linking variables are violated. This suggests that the estimators are robust against moderate violations of these assumptions.
ConclusionThe proposed estimators of precision are a very useful addition to the record linkage tool kit, providing methodical, faster, and cheaper alternatives to many present strategies that rely on clerical review. Estimates of precision are useful in the planning, process, and analysis of record linkage activities.
How sick is Austria? – A decision support framework for different evaluations of the burden of disease within the Austrian population based on different data sources
Authors: Glock Barbara , Endel Florian , Endel Gottfried , Sandholzer Klaudia , Popper Niki , Rinner Christoph , Duftschmid Georg , Filzmoser Peter , Mert Mehmet Can , Holl Jürgen , Wagner-Pinter Michael 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesIn healthcare it is crucial to have a fundamental knowledge of the burden of diseases within the population. Therefore we aimed to develop an Atlas of Epidemiology to gain better insight on the epidemiological situation. Based on primary and secondary health care data, we aimed to present results in interactive charts and maps, comprehensible to experts and the general public. The atlas builds a framework for rapid deployment of new data and results in a reproducible and efficient way. As a first use case three methods based on two different databases for the estimation of diabetes prevalence in Austria are compared.
ApproachDatasources: (i) reimbursement data 2006/2007 (GAP-DRG); (ii) national routine health survey (ATHIS) for 2006/2007. Methods for diabetes prevalence estimation: 1) ATC-ICD statistically relates pseudonymized data on medications to data on diagnoses from hospitalizations and sick leaves. 2) With the method Experts, medical experts assign specific medications to diabetes diagnoses. Patients with these medications are identified together with hospitalized diabetes diagnosed patients in GAP-DRG. 3) In ATHIS a sample of 15.000 persons was questioned if they a) ever had diabetes and b) were treated against diabetes in the last 12 months. Results are projected onto the Austrian population. Patients are divided by 10-year age-classes, gender and state. For the publicly online framework, implemented in html and javascript, pre-processed data in different granularity is required and used.
ResultsMaps of Austria represent the prevalence of diabetes for each method and granularity level. The difference of the methods can be seen by clicking on the next map. For different age-classes (resp. different gender) the three methods can be compared directly within a bar chart. The technology for a rapid deployment of new data is now developed. For the use case first results have already been presented to decision makers, and feedback has been incorporated.
ConclusionBesides depicting disease prevalence, the atlas of epidemiology also allows to visualize health care service data and results of simulation models in a fast and efficient way, which is important for decision makers. Soon the results of the ATC-ICD project on the prevalence of different diseases based on ICD9 diagnoses and medication data will be published in an aggregated form. This project is part of the K-Project dexhelpp in COMET – Competence Centers for Excellent Technologies that is funded by BMVIT, BMWGJ and transacted by FFG.
Financial wellbeing of older workers following injury – research utilising Statistics New Zealand’s Integrated Data Infrastructure
Authors: Davie Gabrielle , Lilley Rebbecca 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Objectives1. To undertake epidemiological analyses of New Zealand’s newly available linked longitudinal administrative data on financial wellbeing outcomes in older workers to understand the implications of injury in an ageing workforce 2. To gain an understanding of Statistics NZ’s Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) to inform the future use of the IDI specifically for health research
ApproachThe impact of injury on the income of older workers was quantified by comparing financial well-being outcomes for injured and non-injured older workers over a 3 year period using IDI linked records on: i) injury claims; ii) personal taxation records; and iii) benefit receipt.
Older workers were identified as all individuals aged 45 years and over in 2009 who had employment related tax payments in the previous year. Anyone with injury prior to 2009 for which earnings-related compensation was still being received in 2009 was excluded. Those that had an entitlement claim accepted by NZ’s Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) for an injury that occurred in 2009 were defined as injured older workers, the remainder were considered non-injured. Date of injury was used as the reference date from which to calculate financial outcomes for injured older workers; non-injured workers were randomly assigned a date in 2009. Financial wellbeing, assessed by total earnings (income from wages and salary, employment related compensation from ACC and benefit receipt), was compared between injured and non-injured older workers at 1, 2 and 3 years following the reference date. Potential explanatory variables, such as gender, region of residency, and previous income/earnings received, was examined in multi-variable analyses.
ResultsFrom individually linked records in the IDI, considerable data management was required to identify those that met the criteria for injured and non-injured older workers. Preliminary analyses indicate total earnings at all 3 time periods differ between older workers that are injured and those that aren’t. Breakdown of total earnings by source of income sheds light on some of these differences. Observed differences are not consistent between each 5-year age group.
ConclusionsThe outcomes of injury are multi-faceted. The impact of injury on the financial well-being of older workers is concerning given NZ’s comprehensive universal injury compensation and welfare systems. The ability to use individually-linked longitudinal administrative records from Government agencies made this research possible, although using the IDI was not without its challenges.
Linking the Diagnostic Imaging Dataset (DID) to cancer registration data – improving understanding of diagnostic imaging in lung and ovarian cancer
Authors: Fry Anna , Careniro Isabella , Kennedy David , Bentley Abigail , Luck Gemma , Peake Mick , Ormiston-Smith Nick , Ohuma Ella 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesTo link the Diagnostic Imaging Dataset (DID) to cancer registration records to allow investigation of imaging performed in patients diagnosed with cancer and its relation to patient pathways and outcomes for lung and ovarian cancer patients diagnosed in England in 2013.
ApproachAll available DID data from April 2012 until July 2015 were joined with registry data for all patients diagnosed with lung cancer in 2013, extracted from Public Health England’s tumour-level cancer records. Records were joined on NHS number and date of birth for individuals aged 15-99, with a non-provisional tumour record and with only one lung cancer diagnosis.
One tumour can be linked to many imaging records. Because DID data are not limited to cancer-associated imaging, variables were created to flag imaging records that are likely to be related to the lung cancer diagnosis.
Lists of imaging procedure (SNOMED) codes considered to be related to the cancer diagnosis were created in consultation with clinicians. Imaging records that took place in the 3 months prior to diagnosis and were on the list of relevant procedure codes were flagged as relevant records.
The same method was replicated for ovarian cancer.
Results34,780 patients, each with only one lung tumour diagnosed in 2013, were joined with 502,600 DID records. The aforementioned flagging procedure resulted in 52,429 relevant DID records.
5,911 patients, each with only one ovarian tumour diagnosed in 2013, were joined with 74,425 DID records. The aforementioned flagging procedure resulted in 3,830 relevant DID records.
The resulting linkage has highlighted issues with potential missing imaging data and this is being explored and will be reported upon.
ConclusionThis is the first time linkage of DID and cancer registration data has taken place. The newly linked dataset will enable researchers to explore the imaging dataset further, with the potential to deepen understanding of issues such as imaging usage and intervals in imaging delivery.
Funding sourcesCancer Research UK.
Characteristics associated with residential aged care, respite and transitional aged care placement for older people following an injury-related hospitalisation in Australia
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca , Harvey Lara , Draper Brian , Brodaty Henry , Close Jacqui 
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study examines characteristics associated with permanent residential aged care (RAC), respite RAC and transitional care (TC) placement for older individuals following an injury-related hospitalisation.
Method: A retrospective analysis of individuals aged ≥65 years who had an injury-related hospitalisation and who had a linked record in RAC, TC or activities of daily living (ADL) data between 1 July 2008 and 30 June 2013 in New South Wales, Australia. Comorbidities were identified using diagnosis classifications and a 1-year lookback period. All hospital episodes of care related to the injury were linked to form a period of care. Both new and existing admissions to RAC were examined. Multinominal logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with new admissions to permanent RAC, respite RAC and TC compared to return to the community.
Results: Of 191,301 injury-related hospitalisations, 41,085 (21.5%) individuals either returned or were new admissions to permanent (87.2%) or respite (12.8%) RAC and 3,218 (1.7%) individuals were admitted to TC. There were 3,864, 4,314 and 2,630 new admissions to permanent RAC, respite RAC and TC, respectively. Of the injury hospitalisations, 70,796 (37.0%) individuals had an ADL assessment. Compared to individuals who returned to the community, individuals newly admitted to permanent RAC were four times as likely to have dementia (OR: 4.36; 95%CI 4.15-4.57), those admitted to respite RAC were twice as likely to have dementia (OR: 2.37; 95%CI 2.21-2.54) and people admitted to TC people were less likely to have dementia (OR: 0.60; 95%CI 0.53-0.68). Individuals with shoulder and upper arm injuries were twice as likely (OR: 2.31; 95%CI 1.98-2.68) and individuals with knee and lower leg injuries were one and a half times as likely (OR: 1.87; 95%CI 1.60-2.18) to be admitted to TC. Overall, individuals who were admitted to permanent or respite RAC had a higher likelihood of experiencing limitations associated with their physical, cognitive or social abilities, with individuals admitted to TC having a higher likelihood of having limitations maintaining personal hygiene and mobility compared to individuals returning to the community.
Conclusion: An understanding of the profile of which older individuals are using RAC (permanent or respite) or TC services can usefully inform current and future aged care service use.
Measuring cumulative anticholinergic medicines burden in older Australian women
Authors: Parkinson Lynne , Magin Parker , Lo Tkt , Byles Julie , Moorin Rachael 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesAnticholinergic medicines burden is common, can have negative impacts, and is problematic to identify. Many medicines used by older women have anticholinergic effects. Importantly for older women, where multimorbidity and use of multiple medicines is common, even when anticholinergic effect of an individual medicine is small, the anticholinergic effects of multiple medicines may be additive, constituting cumulative anticholinergic burden. This study describes medicines contributing to and predictors of anticholinergic burden among community-dwelling older Australian women.
ApproachRetrospective longitudinal analysis of data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health linked to Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme medicines data from 1 January 2008 to 30 December 2010; for 3694 women born in 1921–1926.Anticholinergic medicines were assigned anticholinergic potency levels 0 to 3, according to the Anticholinergic Drug Scale. Anticholinergic Drug Scale ratings for all medicines used by each woman were summed across each six months to give an Anticholinergic Drug Scale score. Commonly used medicines were identified for women with high ADS scores (defined as 75th percentile of scores). Predictors of high ADS scores were analysed using generalised estimating equations.
ResultsDuring 2008-2010, 1126 (59.9%) of women used at least one anticholinergic medicine. Median Anticholinergic Drug Scale score was 4. Most anticholinergic medicines used by women who had a high anticholinergic burden (Anticholinergic Drug Scale score > 9) had a low anticholinergic potency (Anticholinergic Drug Scale level 1). Increasing age, cardiovascular disease, and number of other medicines used were predictive of a higher anticholinergic burden.
ConclusionHigh anticholinergic medicines burden in this group was driven by use of multiple lower anticholinergic potency medicines rather than use of higher potency medicines. While we might expect that doctors would readily identify anticholinergic burden risk for those using high potency medicines, they may be less likely to identify this risk for users of multiple low potency anticholinergic medicines. The paper will also discuss how GPs view these findings, and how to translate them into the prescribing setting.
Design and evaluation of probabilistic record linkage methods supporting the Brazilian 100-million cohort initiative.
Authors: Pita Robespierre , Pinto Clicia , Barreto Marcos , Sena Samila , Fiaccone Rosemeire , Amorim Leila , Barreto Mauricio 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and aimsA cooperation Brazil-UK was set in mid-2013 aiming at to build a huge cohort comprised by individuals registered in CadastroÚnico (CADU), a socioeconomic database used in social programmes of the Brazilian government. Epidemiologists and statisticians wish to assess the impact of Bolsa Família (PBF), a conditional cash transfer programme, on the incidence of several diseases (tuberculosis, leprosy, HIV etc). The cohort must contain all individuals who received at least one payment from PBF between 2007 and 2012, which results in a 100-million records according to our preliminary analysis. These individuals must be probabilistically linked with databases from the Unified Health System (SUS), such as hospitalization (SIH), notifiable diseases (SINAN), mortality (SIM), live births (SINASC), to produce data marts (domain-specific data) to the proposed studies. Within this cooperation, our first goal was to design and evaluate probabilistic methods to routine link the cohort, PBF, and SUS outcomes.
ApproachWe implemented two probabilistic linkage methods: a full probabilistic, based on the Dice similarity (Sorensen index) of Bloom filters; and an hybrid approach, based on rules to deterministic and probabilistic matching. We performed linkages involving CADU (2011 extraction) and SUS outcomes (SIH, SINAN, and SIM) with samples from 3 states (Sergipe, Santa Catarina and Bahia) with an increasing size (from 1,447,512 to 12,036,010).
ResultsUsing a Dice between 0.90 and 0.92, our methods retrieved more than 95% of true positive pairs amongst the linked pairs. For Sergipe, we obtained as <linked pairs,true positives>: <23,22>, <315,300>, <32,32>, respectively for SIH, SINAN, and SIM. For Bahia: <771,593>, <2677,2626>, <208,207>. Another linkage between CADU (1,447,512 records) and SINAN (624 records), for tuberculosis in Sergipe, returned 397 (full probabilistic) and 311 (hybrid) linked pairs, being 306 and 300 true positives. Another execution considering CADU (1,988,599 records) and SINAN (2,094 records), for tuberculosis in Santa Catarina, returned 791 (full probabilistic) and 500 (hybrid) linked pairs, with 667 and 472 true positives. Linking CADU (1.685,697 records) and SIM, for mortality of children under-4, returned 18 linked pairs, all of them true positives, for a Dice between 0.90 and 0.92 and with 100% of sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value.
ConclusionDue to the absence of gold standards, we use samples with increasing sizes and manual review when adequate. Our results are quite accurate, although obtained with an unique extraction of CADU. We are starting to run linkages with the entire cohort.
PEAC Events: identification of Predictable, Expensive, Avoidable, and Cardinal events within a learning health system.
Authors: Whyatt David , Yap Matthew , Tuson Matthew , Kok Mei Ruu , Turlach Berwin , Boruff Bryan , Geelhoed Elizabeth , Vickery Alistair 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesThe objectives of this project are to identify patients that can be recruited into specific interventions and the optimisation of the delivery of such interventions, in order to improve access to health services, equity of service delivery, and patient outcomes.ApproachThe entire linked Western Australian Data Collections from 2002-2015 (including population-wide hospital admissions, emergency department presentations, cancer registry records, mental health care, maternity records, and mortality records) were examined. To identify patients at risk, a definition of a ‘PEAC’ event was developed. This acronym reflects the following criteria for such events. First, the event should ‘predictable’, i.e. either able to be easily predicted, or able to predict subsequent poor patient outcomes (for example, death). Second, the event should be ‘expensive’, i.e. be associated with significantly increased levels of individual healthcare utilisation and/or mortality. Third, the impact of the event should be ‘avoidable’, i.e. an evidence-based intervention should exist that may delay or completely avoid the event, or reduce its sequelae. Fourth, the event should be ‘cardinal’, which in this context indicates that the event should be clearly and unambiguously defined and recognisable, and specific enough to assign an effective intervention. Once PEAC events were identified, geospatial and predictive modelling of future events were then used to inform clinical service delivery, alongside appropriate return-on-investment analysis to support intervention. Finally, the entire process was embedded within a learning health system, linking research, policy, and practice, to drive ongoing improvement.ResultsExemplar PEAC events will be described, including hospital admission events associated with chronic disease, mental health, and dental/oral health. The predictability of such events in individuals using statistical models fitted to the available administrative datasets will be presented, along with the sequelae of such events in terms of healthcare use and mortality. The optimisation of delivering interventions targeting PEAC events will be described, along with the process of translating findings into policy and practice within the context of a learning health system.ConclusionThe identification of PEAC events allows for targeted delivery of healthcare interventions in a manner that not only optimises access, equity, and outcomes, but also permits ongoing improvement of the health system.