bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using microsecond single-molecule FRET to determine the assembly pathways of T4 ssDNA binding protein onto model DNA replication forks
Authors: Phelps Carey , Israels Brett , Jose Davis , Marsh Morgan C. , von Hippel Peter H. , Marcus Andrew H. 
Published: April 2017

SignificanceA microsecond-resolved single-molecule FRET method was used to monitor the binding and unbinding of the ssDNA binding protein (gene product 32) of the T4 bacteriophage replication complex to biologically relevant primer-template DNA constructs. A unique multitime correlation function analysis was applied to the resulting sparse data, which permitted the investigation of the kinetics and mechanisms of noncooperative and cooperative protein binding, unbinding, and “sliding.” Our results indicate that noncooperatively bound monomer proteins dissociate on the timescale of tens of milliseconds, which is consistent with the known rate of nucleotide addition during DNA replication. The rapid dissociation of the monomer suggests that sliding is a much more likely mechanism for translocation of cooperatively bound clusters of indeterminate size.
Small molecule-mediated inhibition of myofibroblast transdifferentiation for the treatment of fibrosis
Authors: Bollong Michael J. , Yang Baiyuan , Vergani Naja , Beyer Brittney A. , Chin Emily N. , Zambaldo Claudio , Wang Danling , Chatterjee Arnab K. , Lairson Luke L. , Schultz Peter G. 
Published: April 2017

Significance
The treatment of fibrosis remains a critically important unmet medical need, as nearly 45% of all natural deaths in the Western world are attributed to chronic fibroproliferative disease complications. Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins by resident fibroblast-derived myofibroblasts. From an imaging-based screen, we identified the antifungal drug itraconazole as an inhibitor of myofibroblast transdifferentiation from multiple resident fibroblast populations. A derivative of this drug was found to inhibit fibrotic disease progression in mouse models of lung, liver, and skin fibrosis, demonstrating that inhibiting differentiation to the myofibroblast cell state is a practical strategy to treat a wide range of fibrosis-related diseases.
Genomic data for 78 chickens from 14 populations
Authors: Li Diyan , Che Tiandong , Chen Binlong , Tian Shilin , Zhou Xuming , Zhang Guolong , Li Miao , Gaur Uma , Li Yan , Luo Majing , Zhang Long , Xu Zhongxian , Zhao Xiaoling , Yin Huadong , Wang Yan , Jin Long , Tang Qianzi , Xu Huailiang , Yang Mingyao , Zhou Rongjia , Li Ruiqiang , Zhu Qing , Li Mingzhou 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Background: Since the domestication of the red jungle fowls (Gallus gallus; dating back to ~10 000 B.P.) in Asia, domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) have been subjected to the combined effects of natural selection and human-driven artificial selection; this has resulted in marked phenotypic diversity in a number of traits, including behavior, body composition, egg production, and skin color. Population genomic variations through diversifying selection have not been fully investigated. Findings: The whole genomes of 78 domestic chickens were sequenced to an average of 18-fold coverage for each bird. By combining this data with publicly available genomes of five wild red jungle fowls and eight Xishuangbanna game fowls, we conducted a comprehensive comparative genomics analysis of 91 chickens from 17 populations. After aligning ~21.30 gigabases (Gb) of high-quality data from each individual to the reference chicken genome, we identified ~6.44 million (M) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each population. These SNPs included 1.10 M novel SNPs in 17 populations that were absent in the current chicken dbSNP (Build 145) entries. Conclusions: The current data is important for population genetics and further studies in chickens and will serve as a valuable resource for investigating diversifying selection and candidate genes for selective breeding in chickens.
Outcomes of internal hemipelvectomy for pelvic tumors: a developing country’s prospective
Authors: Umer Masood , Ali Moiz , Rashid Rizwan H. , Mohib Yasir , Rashid Haroon U. 
Published: April 2017

Introduction:
Previously, external hemipelvectomy was the mainstay of treatment for pelvic tumors. However, with technological advancements, limb salvage procedures such as internal hemipelvectomy have emerged as a viable alternative. However, there is limited literature available on long-term outcomes and complications of internal hemipelvectomy, especially from developing countries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to share our experience of internal hemipelvectomy at a tertiary care center in a developing country.

Materials and methods:
A retrospective review was conducted in which all 24 patients undergoing internal hemipelvectomy from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2015 at our institution were included. Medical record files were reviewed for intraoperative and early and late postoperative complications, and functional outcomes were assessed by contacting each patient on telephone.

Results:
Ewing sarcoma was found to be the most common diagnosis, followed by osteosarcoma as the second most common. The mean follow-up period was 18.7±13.9 months. Intraoperatively there were 4 cases of iatrogenic neurovascular injury and 2 cases each of urinary tract injury and dural tear. Four patients developed early wound infections, 7 developed late wound infections, and 2 developed flap necrosis. Three patients developed recurrence, whereas 7 patients developed metastasis postoperatively. The mean survival was calculated to be 28 months and the mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 19.3±5.2.

Conclusions:
Outcomes and prevalence of complications shown in this study are comparable to those in the international literature, which suggests that hemipelvectomy is a viable option in developing countries also. However, more such studies are warranted to validate the findings and to identify the challenges and morbidities associated with hemipelvectomy in Asian and developing countries.
Diagnosis of Chronic Intestinal Pseudo‐obstruction and Megacystis by Sequencing the ACTG2 Gene
Authors: Milunsky Aubrey , Baldwin Clinton , Zhang Xiaoying , Primack Daniel , Curnow Adrian , Milunsky Jeff 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:The diagnosis of chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction has depended on clinical features, manometry, and imaging. This report aimed to determine the efficacy of sequencing the actin γ‐2 (ACTG2) gene for diagnosis. In addition, the goal was to determine how often a mutation would be found in our randomly collected cohort of probands and those probands published previously.Methods:Whole exome sequencing was performed in 4 probands with chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction. Subsequently, only the ACTG2 gene was sequenced in another 24 probands (total 28). We analyzed published data of 83 probands and our 28 (total 111) and determined how many had pathogenic variants and the precise genotype.Results:Whole exome and Sanger sequencing revealed a pathogenic variant in the ACTG2 gene in 4 out of 28 of our probands and in 45 out of 83 published probands (49/111 [44.1%]). Moreover, a mutational hotspot in the ACTG2 gene was recognized. Genetic heterogeneity is evident.Conclusions:Pooled gene sequencing results from 1 individual in each of 111 families enabled a precise diagnosis of an ACTG2 mutation in 49 (44%). The benefit to patients and families of early confirmation of a motility disorder not only helps avoid unnecessary intervention, but also enables institution of appropriate treatments and avoidance of secondary disorders such as malnutrition and poor growth. Knowledge of a pathogenic variant in a parent, with a 50% risk of recurrence, provides an opportunity for genetic counseling.
Understanding the Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory and Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases
Authors: Sundin Johanna , Öhman Lena , Simrén Magnus 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
During the last decade, experimental and observational studies have shown that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may have an altered intestinal microbial composition compared with healthy individuals. However, no uniform microbial signature has as yet been detected for either IBD or IBS. This review summarizes the current knowledge of microbial dysbiosis and its potential relationship to the pathophysiology in IBD and IBS.

Methods
A selective review was conducted to summarize the current knowledge of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of IBD and IBS.

Results
Experimental and observational studies provide good evidence for intestinal microbial dysbiosis in subgroups of IBD and IBS. Still, no uniform disease pattern has been detected. This is most likely due to the heterogeneous nature of IBD and IBS, in combination with the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Such intrinsic factors include genetics, the gastrointestinal environment, and the host immune system, whereas extrinsic factors include early life diet, breastfeeding, and method of infant delivery.

Conclusions
Recent and ongoing work to define microbial dysbiosis in IBD and IBS shows promise, but future well-designed studies with well-characterized study individuals are needed. It is likely that the microbial dysbiosis in IBD and IBS is dependent on the natural disease course of IBD and symptom pattern in IBS. Therefore, assessment of the entire microbiota along the gastrointestinal tract, in relationship to confounding factors, symptom fluctuations, and other pathophysiological factors, is needed for further understanding of the etiology of these common diseases.
A zebrafish model forMycobacterium lepraegranulomatous infection
Authors: Madigan Cressida A. , Cameron James , Ramakrishnan Lalita 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the pathogenesis of leprosy granulomas has been hindered by a paucity of tractable experimental animal models.Mycobacterium leprae, which causes leprosy, grows optimally at ~30°C, so we sought to model granulomatous disease in the ectothermic zebrafish. We find noncaseating granulomas develop rapidly, and eventually eradicate infection.rag1mutant zebrafish, which lack lymphocytes, also form noncaseating granulomas with similar kinetics, but these control infection more slowly. Our findings establish the zebrafish as a facile, genetically tractable model for leprosy, and reveal the interplay between innate and adaptive immune determinants mediating leprosy granuloma formation and function.
The LDB1 complex co-opts CTCF for erythroid lineage specific long-range enhancer interactions
Authors: Lee Jongjoo , Krivega Ivan , Dale Ryan K. , Dean Ann 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYLineage-specific transcription factors are critical for long-range enhancer interactions but direct or indirect contributions of architectural proteins such as CTCF to enhancer function remain less clear. The LDB1 complex mediates enhancer-gene interactions at the β-globin locus through LDB1 self-interaction. We find that a novel LDB1-bound enhancer upstream ofcarbonic anhydrase 2(Car2) activates its expression by interacting directly with CTCF at the gene promoter. Both LDB1 and CTCF are required for enhancer-Car2looping and the domain of LDB1 contacted by CTCF is necessary to rescueCar2transcription in LDB1 deficient cells. Genome wide studies and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing indicate that LDB1-CTCF enhancer looping underlies activation of a substantial fraction of erythroid genes. Our results provide a mechanism by which long-range interactions of architectural protein CTCF can be tailored to achieve a tissue-restricted pattern of chromatin loops and gene expression.
Good employees through good jobs
Authors: De Spiegelaere Stan , Ramioul Monique , Van Gyes Guy 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify different job types in the Belgian electricity sector and their relations with employee outcomes such as work engagement and innovative work behaviour (IWB).Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a combination of latent profile analysis and relative operating characteristics (ROC) analysis.FindingsDepending on the job resources and demands, five different job types are identified corresponding largely to the Karasek and Theorell (1990) job types. Their relation with the outcomes is not parallel with low-strain jobs performing best for work engagement, and active jobs for IWB.Research limitations/implicationsThe combination of methods used in this study increases significantly the ease of communication of the findings, yet an external benchmark for the ROC analysis would be preferable.Practical implicationsTo foster engagement and IWB with employees one should focus on the job content and only increase demands if they are combined with sufficient resources.Originality/valueThis research is the first in its kind that relates latent job types with different employee outcomes using a combination of latent profile and ROC analysis.
Happiness at work and organisational citizenship behaviour
Authors: Salas-Vallina Andres , Alegre Joaquín , Fernandez Rafael 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between happiness at work (HAW), organisational learning capability (OLC) and organisational citizenship behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThrough structural equation models, a sample of 167 allergists of public health services was analysed.FindingsResults suggest that the relationship between HAW and organisational citizenship behaviour is fully mediated by OLC. Hence, OLC has a critical role to describe how HAW improves organisational citizenship behaviour. Basically, HAW promotes motivation for learning, and a better quality of the interactions between employees, which results in pro-social behaviours.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample is focussed in a knowledge-intensive context. Future research might consider other service sectors, such as a private business sector. In addition it would be interesting to examine a longitudinal perspective of the model.Practical implicationsThe results confirm the direct and positive effect of HAW on organisational citizenship behaviour. Nevertheless, showing positive attitudes as HAW does not assure to achieve perceived service quality. It is needed to take into account certain conditions that promote learning.Originality/valueCurrent attitudinal theories do not contemplate environments that promote learning to explain pro-social attitudes. The research offers a theoretical model and provides evidence that the attitudes-behaviours relationship needs to be explained bearing in mind OLC.
Moral hazard and risk-taking incentives in Islamic banks, does franchise value matter!
Authors: Mili Mehdi , Abid Sami 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to examine risk-taking in Islamic banks by exploring moral hazard and owner/manager agency problems simultaneously.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors propose to estimate a model of bank risk-taking that includes both franchise value and ownership structure as explanatory factors of bank risk.

Findings
The results show that franchise value is an important determinant of Islamic bank risk-taking. Banks with high franchise values are less likely to take risks than banks with low franchise value. In contrast, outside block holders have, at best, limited influences on bank risk-taking.

Originality/value
This paper conducts the first empirical examination of the relationship between managerial risk preferences and Islamic banks ownership. The authors examine simultaneously the effect of franchise value and owner/manager problem on Islamic bank risk taking behavior. They consider separately the impact on total risk, systematic risk and bank specific risk.
The social and business dimensions of a networked business incubator: the case of H-Farm
Authors: Apa Roberta , Grandinetti Roberto , Sedita Silvia Rita 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide insights on the relational dimension of a networked business incubator (NBI), by investigating the intermediary role of incubator management in fostering social and business ties linking tenants among each other, with the incubator management and external actors.Design/methodology/approachThe paper offers a literature review on the NBIs and advances a comprehensive analytical framework of the networked incubation model. This framework is empirically illustrated through a case study research on a leading Italian private NBI, namely, H-Farm. The collection of primary data was conducted by means of face-to-face in-depth interviews and a survey. Data were processed through social network analysis (SNA) tools.FindingsThe results highlight the co-presence and interaction of social and business ties, which build up a vital environment nurturing an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Community-based relationships and the intermediation of incubator management are crucial for supporting tenants in product and business development activities.Research limitations/implicationsThese results pave the way to further research, oriented to the conceptualization of a NBI as a (small) cluster. Moreover, the application of the SNA tools adopted invites further research on networked incubators, applying the same methodology in new directions.Originality/valueThis paper adds to previous literature on NBIs by providing evidence of the intermediary role of incubator management in promoting and facilitating social and business relationships occurring among tenants, between tenants and the incubator management, as well as with external advisors, clients and suppliers.
Environmental management training for micro and small enterprises: the missing link?
Authors: Cassells Sue , Lewis Kate V. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
Micro and small enterprises face growing expectations from stakeholders to behave responsibly in respect of environmental management. However, many continue to exhibit patterns of relative disengagement with both environmental management and associated training. The purpose of this paper is to explore the attitudes and experiences that underpin both.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on survey data from 148 owner-managers of micro and small firms in New Zealand’s manufacturing sector. Binary logit regression and non-parametric testing were employed to examine influences on engagement with both environmental management and environmental training.

Findings
There is a lack of knowledge of, and participation in, training related to environmental management. Awareness tends to be from firms already engaged in training; signalling a potential circularity of exposure effect. A distinct division in attitude exists between those who identify with personal responsibility and autonomy as the pathway to responsibility in respect of their firm’s environmental impact and those who cede to the collective actions of other communities to dictate engagement (i.e. industry associations and government).

Research limitations/implications
The survey is based on the perceptions of the respondents to the survey statements and as such it is a self-assessment.

Originality/value
The paper is one of few that investigate the challenge of securing engagement with training and development in environmental management by micro and small enterprises in the New Zealand context.
Foundational competencies for enhancing work engagement in SMEs Malaysia
Authors: Haruna Aliyu Yelwa , Marthandan Govindan 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of foundational competencies on work engagement in the context of the Malaysian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) service sector.Design/methodology/approachThis is a cross-sectional study conducted in Malaysia, and data were gathered via a survey on 312 employees representing SMEs service sectors. Partial least squares techniques were used in testing the hypothesized linkages.FindingsThe findings indicated that foundational competencies have a significant positive effect on work engagement.Research limitations/implicationsConsidering the research approach, generalizing the findings of this study must be done with caution. Longitudinal data are recommended, as these could provide additional support to the results. Further studies can as well extend the framework by testing whether job resources play a positive role in enhancing the relationship between foundational competencies and work engagement in Malaysia.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that foundational competencies positively relate to work engagement. Therefore, training and coaching sessions could be organized by managers/policy makers to enhance these competencies, which will strengthen work engagement and career development of the employee; it may specifically be very helpful for fresh graduates whose careers would have just started.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to examine the effect of American Society of Training and Development foundational competencies on work engagement in SMEs in Malaysia.
Improving transfer of training with transfer design
Authors: Chauhan Ragini , Ghosh Piyali , Rai Alka , Kapoor Sanchita 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
In response to a perceived need for research investigating the relatively less-explored role of supervisor support as a moderator in the transfer mechanism, this paper aims to empirically examine the influence of transfer design on transfer of training and also the moderating role of supervisor support between these constructs.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey was conducted using a self-reported questionnaire administered on employees of a manufacturing unit engaged in power transmission and located at the city of Allahabad in India. The sample size of the study is 149. The role of supervisor support as a moderator was tested using hierarchical regression analysis.

Findings
Findings of the study direct organizations to consider both transfer design and supervisor support to get the maximum output from training. The moderating role of supervisor support is confirmed in the study.

Practical implications
If a trainer is not able to provide much practice to the trainee during training programme, then a supportive supervisor can counter such poor transfer design. A well-designed training programme should be coupled with supervisor support to ensure effective transfer of training. Influence of transfer design on transfer of training is likely to be more if the supervisor is supportive.

Originality/value
The authors have hypothesized and established the direct influence of transfer design on training transfer. Further, supervisor support has been found to moderate the relationship between transfer design and transfer of training.