bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Common Suite of Coagulation Proteins Function inDrosophilaMuscle Attachment
Authors: Green Nicole , Odell Nadia , Zych Molly , Clark Cheryl , Wang Zong-Heng , Biersmith Bridget , Bajzek Clara , Cook Kevin R , Dushay Mitchell S , Geisbrecht Erika R 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe organization and stability of higher order structures that form in the extracellular matrix (ECM) to mediate the attachment of muscles are poorly understood. We have made the surprising discovery that a subset of clotting factor proteins are also essential for muscle attachment in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. One such coagulation protein, Fondue (Fon), was identified as a novel muscle mutant in a pupal lethal genetic screen. Fon accumulates at muscle attachment sites and removal of this protein results in decreased locomotor behavior and detached larval muscles. A sensitized genetic background assay reveals that fon functions with the known muscle attachment genes Thrombospondin (Tsp) and Tiggrin (Tig). Interestingly, Tig is also a component of the hemolymph clot. We further demonstrate that an additional clotting protein, Larval serum protein 1γ (Lsp1γ), is also required for muscle attachment stability and accumulates where muscles attach to tendons. While the local biomechanical and organizational properties of the ECM vary greatly depending on the tissue microenvironment, we propose that shared extracellular protein–protein interactions influence the strength and elasticity of ECM proteins in both coagulation and muscle attachment.
Heterozygosity Ratio, a Robust Global Genomic Measure of Autozygosity and Its Association with Height and Disease Risk
Authors: Samuels David C , Wang Jing , Ye Fei , He Jing , Levinson Rebecca T , Sheng Quanhu , Zhao Shilin , Capra John A , Shyr Yu , Zheng Wei , Guo Yan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGreater genetic variability in an individual is protective against recessive disease. However, existing quantifications of autozygosity, such as runs of homozygosity (ROH), have proved highly sensitive to genotyping density and have yielded inconclusive results about the relationship of diversity and disease risk. Using genotyping data from three data sets with &gt;43,000 subjects, we demonstrated that an alternative approach to quantifying genetic variability, the heterozygosity ratio, is a robust measure of diversity and is positively associated with the nondisease trait height and several disease phenotypes in subjects of European ancestry. The heterozygosity ratio is the number of heterozygous sites in an individual divided by the number of nonreference homozygous sites and is strongly affected by the degree of genetic admixture of the population and varies across human populations. Unlike quantifications of ROH, the heterozygosity ratio is not sensitive to the density of genotyping performed. Our results establish the heterozygosity ratio as a powerful new statistic for exploring the patterns and phenotypic effects of different levels of genetic variation in populations.
Hydroxyurea Induces Cytokinesis Arrest in Cells Expressing a Mutated Sterol-14α-Demethylase in the Ergosterol Biosynthesis Pathway
Authors: Xu Yong-jie , Singh Amanpreet , Alter Gerald M 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) has been used for the treatment of multiple diseases, such as cancer. The therapeutic effect is generally believed to be due to the suppression of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), which slows DNA polymerase movement at replication forks and induces an S phase cell cycle arrest in proliferating cells. Although aberrant mitosis and DNA damage generated at collapsed forks are the likely causes of cell death in the mutants with defects in replication stress response, the mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of HU in wild-type cells remains poorly understood. While screening for new fission yeast mutants that are sensitive to replication stress, we identified a novel mutation in the erg11 gene encoding the enzyme sterol-14α-demethylase in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway that dramatically sensitizes the cells to chronic HU treatment. Surprisingly, HU mainly arrests the erg11 mutant cells in cytokinesis, not in S phase. Unlike the reversible S phase arrest in wild-type cells, the cytokinesis arrest induced by HU is relatively stable and occurs at low doses of the drug, which likely explains the remarkable sensitivity of the mutant to HU. We also show that the mutation causes sterol deficiency, which may predispose the cells to the cytokinesis arrest and lead to cell death. We hypothesize that in addition to the RNR, HU may have a secondary unknown target(s) inside cells. Identification of such a target(s) may greatly improve the chemotherapies that employ HU or help to expand the clinical usage of this drug for additional pathological conditions.
The Writing Performance of Iranian EFL Learners in the Light of Metadiscourse Awareness
Authors: Farhadi Sima , Aidinloo Nader Asadi , Talebi Zahra 
Published: September 2016

In the framework of language teaching, the writing skill requires to be encouraged during the language learners’ course of study. Since metadiscourse markers help transform a tortuous piece of text into a coherent and reader-friendly one, knowledge about the metadiscourse, amongst other things, is used to improve writing skill. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of instruction of metadiscourse markers on intermediate EFL learners’ writing performance by using metadiscoursal taxonomies proposed by Hyland (2005). For this purpose, a pet test was administrated to 60 intermediate students in Iran Language Institute in Urmia. Having being homogenized by Preliminary English Test (PET), they were assigned randomly into two groups. Both the control and the experimental group sat for a pretest of writing test in the form of a cloze test which aimed to measure the learners’ initial knowledge of writing performance. The experimental group was exposed to explicit instruction of metadiscourse markers for seven successive sessions. On the other hand, the control group didn’t receive any instruction. Eventually, a post test designed to evaluate their writing ability with the focus of metadiscourse markers was administered to both groups. The findings implied generally that the implementation of metadiscourse markers (via instruction) significantly improves EFL learners’ writing ability.
A Study on Iranian Funeral Posters: Speech Acts Analysis
Authors: Hashempour Zahra 
Published: September 2016

Different speech acts such as apologies, refusals, invitation, etc., have studied and differences between English and Persian have shown. But there are several speech acts which have not been investigated as extensively as others. One of them is speech act of condolence. The word condolence originates from the Latin word condoler means "to suffer together" (Zunin & Zunin, 2007). It also means informing a loss, expressing sympathy or empathy with someone. As a matter of fact humans are emotional beings and in everyday communication individuals can see this emotionality (Morady Moghadam, 2012). Thus this study investigated and analyzed types of speech acts of 50 authentic texts of funeral posters in Iran then showed the frequency and percentage of them. Out of five kinds of speech acts, only four types of them are used in the texts. Based on the results, the order of most frequent to the least frequent used is declarative, directive, expressive and representative.
To Be Drug or Prodrug: Structure-Property Exploratory Approach Regarding Oral Bioavailability
Authors: Damião Mariana Celestina Frojuello Costa Bernstorff , Pasqualoto Kerly Fernanda Mesquita , Polli Michelle Carneiro , Parise Filho Roberto 
Published: September 2016

Purpose. Prodrug design is a strategy that can be used to adjust physicochemical properties of drugs in order to overcome pharmacokinetic problems, such as poor oral bioavailability. However, Lipinski´s and Veber´s rules predict whether compounds will have absorption problems even before the design of prodrugs. In this context, our goal was to evaluate the molecular properties which most influenced the absorption process of prodrugs compared to its precursor through exploratory data analysis approach. Methods: A variety of prodrugs and respective precursors were randomly selected and classified by its percentage of human intestinal absorption. Subsequently, different molecular properties were calculated and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were carried out. Results: According to the findings, antiviral, anti-hypertensive, and antibiotic prodrugs exhibited higher absorption levels than their respective precursors. Also, some relevant descriptors (molecular weight, MW, routable bonds, rot_bonds, hydrogen bond acceptors, HBA_count and polar surface area, PSA), which are included in Lipinski´s and Veber´s rules, influenced the separation process between prodrugs and drugs. Furthermore, other molecular properties, such as polarizability (α) and molar refractivity (MR), were pointed out. Conclusion: Lipinski´s and Veber´s rules proved to be important to design an orally administered drug but other descriptors should be considered by medicinal chemists in the prodrug designing process.
Perfil clínico de neonatos internados em uma UTI do sul catarinense
Authors: Sávio Josiani Mondardo , Santos Cecília Marly Spiazzi dos , Souza Rozilda Lopes de , Tomasi Cristiane Damiani 
Published: September 2016

Estudo com objetivo de identificar o Perfil Clínico de Neonatos Internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTI-N), pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, descritiva. O estudo foi desenvolvido em um Hospital de Médio Porte da Região Sul de Santa Catarina no município de Criciúma- SC. A amostra estudada foi através de documentos arquivados no local do estudo, a Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, a análise dos dados foi realizada a partir da base de dados, através da ordenação, classificação e análise final dos dados pesquisados. Para tanto, foram coletados através de questionários contidos em 18 prontuários o correspondente no período de Outubro a Dezembro de 2014 de recém-nascidos que estiveram internados na UTIN. As analise foram feitas através de estatísticas descritivas, onde esta adotou um índice de significância(p<0,05). Onde a associação entre Insuficiência, sepse e cardiovascular ficou estatisticamente em (p=0,829), o uso de VM (p=0,694), capuz de O² ficou (p=0,993), o uso de sedação ficou (=0,875) e o uso de fototerapia ficou em (p=0,017), concluiu-se que os 18 recém nascidos pesquisados, submeteram-se a procedimentos invasivos e não invasivos, para tanto a necessidade dos cuidados da UTI neonatal.
INFRAESTRUTURA PORTUÁRIA, DINÂMICA DAS EXPORTAÇÕES E CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO BRASILEIRO: uma análise empírica para o período de 2006 a 2011
Authors: Silva Guilherme Jonas Costa da Silva , Costa Paulo Henrique 
Published: September 2016

O trabalho tem por objetivo analisar teórica e empiricamente o papel dos portos no crescimento das exportações e do PIB no Brasil. O setor portuário é estratégico para a competitividade e ampliação do comércio brasileiro no mercado internacional, visando alcançar uma trajetória decrescimento mais sustentada. O trabalho faz um diagnostico da situação da infraestrutura portuária brasileira no período compreendido entre 2006 e 2011 e, na sequencia, avalia empiricamente, através da metodologia de vetores autorregressivos (VAR), os efeitos de choques nas principais variáveis relacionadas à dinâmica das exportações no Brasil (renda mundial, taxa de câmbio e capacidade utilizada dos portos). A análise indicou ainda que as exportações respondem relevantemente ao comportamento da capacidade utilizada dos portos e da taxa de câmbio. Os resultados demonstram que 38% da capacidade utilizada dos portos dependem da renda dos Estados Unidos e da taxa real de câmbio efetiva. Esses resultados reforçam o argumento do governo federal de que a infraestrutura portuária é um gargalo e mostram a necessidade de ampliação da capacidade de escoamento da produção nacional, tal como elucida a Medida Provisória 595/2012.Palavras-chave: Infraestrutura Portuária; Capacidade Utilizada; Exportações; Brasil; VARPort Infrastructure, Dynamics of exports and Brazilian economic growth: an empirical analysis to the period from 2006 to 2011Abstract: The paper aims to analyze theoretical and empirically the role of ports in export growth and GDP in Brazil. The port sector is strategic for the competitiveness and expansion of Brazilian market in the international market, aiming to achieve a more sustainable growth path. The workmakes a diagnosis of the situation of the port infrastructure in Brazil between 2006 and 2011 and evaluates empirically, through the methodology of vector autoregressive (VAR), the effects of shocksin the main variables related to the dynamics of exports in Brazil (world income, exchange rate and capacity utilization of the ports). The analysis indicated that exports respond significantly to the behavior of the utilized capacity of ports and the exchange rate. The results show that 38% ofthe capacity of the ports used depends on the income of the United States and the real effective exchange rate. These results reinforce the federal government’s argument that the port infrastructure is a bottleneck and show the need to increase the flow capacity of the national production, aselucidates the Provisional Measure 595/2012.Keywords: Port Infrastructure, Exports, Capacity Used, Brazil, VAR Analysis.
SÁUDE INDÍGENA EM TEMPOS DE BARBÁRIE: política pública, cenários e perspectivas
Authors: Oliveira Raimunda Nonato Da Cruz , Rosa Lucia Cristina Dos Santos 
Published: September 2016

Este artigo traz uma breve discussão da questão social indígena contemporânea, com ênfase no perfil saúde-doença, e seu enfrentamento pelo Estado. Mostra que tais reflexões têm sua origem em uma pesquisa de campo finalizada em fevereiro de 2014, envolvendo os índios da etnia Guajajara em Barra da Corda, Maranhão, e os profissionais de saúde indígena do Departamento de Saúde Indígena (DSEI-MA), daquele Estado. O seu produto, ainda em andamento, aponta para uma realidade complexa evidenciada, a partir das narrativas apresentadas pelos sujeitos da pesquisa, onde se presencia uma situação de degradação e pauperização da saúde indígena em decorrência do avanço do capitalismo e da incapacidade das políticas públicas, principalmente a política de saúdeem proporcionar ao indígena, tanto no plano jurídico como no plano executivo, a condição de cidadão de direito, tendo isto refletido negativamente na qualidade de vida desses povos e nas práticas profissionais desenvolvidas junto a esse seguimento de política. Palavras-chave: Questão indígena, saúde indígena, política pública.INDIGENOUS HEALTH IN TIMES OF BARBARISM: public policy, scenarios and perspectivesAbstract: This article brings a brief discussion of contemporary indigenous social issues, with an emphasis on health and illness profile,and its confrontation by the state. Shows that such reflections have their origin in a field survey completed in February 2014, involving Guajajara ethnic Indians in Barra do Corda, Maranhão, and indigenous health professionals from the Department of Indigenous Health (DSEI-MA), in that state. Their product, still in progress, is pointing to a complex reality where we noted, the narratives presented by the research subjects, a situation of degradation and impoverishment of indigenous health due to the advancement of capitalism and therefore the inability of public policies mainly health policy, to provide the indigenous, both legally and in the executive Plan as a citizen legal conclusion that reflected negatively on the quality of life of indigenous peoples and professional practices developed withthis follow-up policy.Key words: Indigenous issue, indigenous health, public policy
EVIDÊNCIAS EMPÍRICAS SOBRE CONVERGÊNCIA DA DESIGUALDADE DE RENDA ENTRE OS MUNICÍPIOS CEARENSES
Authors: Amorim Airton Lopes , Santos Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos , Sousa Eliane Pinheiro de , Coronel Daniel Arruda 
Published: September 2016

A desigualdade de renda tende a diminuir em municípios com elevada desigualdade e a aumentar naqueles com baixa desigualdade? Este trabalho tenta responder a essa questão ao verificar se existiu convergência da desigualdade de renda entreos municípios cearenses, nos anos 1991 e 2000. A principal medida de desigualdade de renda utilizada foi o índice de Gini, sendoos testes de convergência realizados por meio de modelos com efeito threshold, nos quais as variáveis concernentes ao índice deGini, à renda per capita e aos anos de estudo, medidas no período inicial, foram consideradas como possíveis variáveis threshold. Os resultados permitiram rejeitar a hipótese de clubes de convergência da desigualdade de renda entre os municípios cearenses. Noentanto, não se pode rejeitar a hipótese de convergência condicional da desigualdade de renda entre os mesmos, sendo que eles estariam convergindo para um valor médio de equilíbrio de desigualdade de renda maior, ou seja, os municípios cearenses estariam tornando-se mais concentradores de renda per capita. Palavras-chave: Desigualdade de renda, Índice de Gini, efeitos Threshold.EMPIRICAL EVIDENCES ABOUT THE CONVERGENCE OF INCOME INEQUALITY AMONG CITIES FROM CEARAAbstract: The income inequality tends to decrease in municipalities with high inequality and increase in those with low inequality? This paper intends to answer this question by checking if there was convergence of income inequality in the municipalities of the State of Ceará, in the years 1991 and 2000. The main measurement of income inequality used was the Gini index, with the convergencetests conducted through models with threshold effect, in which the variables relating to the Gini index, to the per capita income and to the years of study were considered, measured in the initial period as possible threshold variables. The results allowed rejectingthe hypothesis of convergence clubs of the per capita income inequality among the cities from Ceará. However there is no way to reject the hypothesis of conditional convergence of the income inequality in the municipalities among the same, where these would be converging to an average value of the bigger income inequality, that is, they would be turning themselves into more per capita income-concentrating municipalities.Key words: Income inequality, Gini Index, Threshold effect.
PROBLEMAS PARA LA CONFORMACIÓN DE GOBIERNOS METROPOLITANOS: apuntes para su discusión
Authors: Arreortua Luis Alberto Salinas 
Published: September 2016

La conformación de gobiernos metropolitanos de carácter supramunicipal o intermunicipal en las zonas metropolitanases un tema de discusión tanto desde la administración pública como desde el ámbito académico, el cual repercute en diversasproblemáticas tales como infraestructura, equipamiento, ambientales, expansión urbana, entre otros. Así, este trabajo discute los factores jurídicos, políticos y económicos que obstaculizan la creación de gobiernos metropolitanos, a partir del análisis de la política de escala. En este sentido, no plantea el tema como cerrado, sino por el contrario, como apuntes para discutir la complejidad de los gobiernos metropolitanos en general, y, de manera particular, para el caso de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México.Palabras-clave: Gobiernos metropolitanos, política de escala, factores jurídicos, políticos y económicos.PROBLEMS FOR THE FORMATION OF METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT: notes for discussionAbstract: The formation of metropolitan governments of supra municipality or inter municipality nature in metropolitan areas is an issue both from the public administration and from academic area, which reverberates in various problematics such as infrastructure, facilities, environmental, urban sprawl, among others. This article examines the legal, political and economic factors that hinder the creation of metropolitan governments, from the analysis of scale politics. In this sense, does not arise as a closed subject, but rather, as notes to discuss the complexity of metropolitan governments in general, and in particular, for the case of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City.Key words: Metropolitan governments, scale politic, legal, political and economic factors.
Accounting Information Systems: A View from the Public Eye
Authors: Miller Rachelle Paige , Bunn Esther , Noe Kelly 
Published: September 2016

In order to fully appreciate the potential impact accounting information systems have on the accounting profession, an understanding of what accounting encompasses is necessary. Over the years, accounting has evolved from what many would call a “checks and balance” system to a much more complex system involving complicated activities such as calculating taxes and garnishments, auditing financial statements and processing payroll to name a few. It would be reasonable to think that advanced technology such as accounting information systems would only enhance the production of these activities. However, like with any “game changers,” there are always potential threats involved. The objective of this paper is to determine if accounting information systems have become so helpful, they in fact have begun to hinder business and decrease productivity. This paper demonstrates that although a majority population of those surveyed felt accounting information systems have added credibility to the accounting profession, there is still a large population that remain neutral on the subject leaving doubt as to the advantages and purpose of accounting information systems.
Cooperative versus Conventional (Joint-Stock) Banking In Europe: Comparative Resistance And Resilience During The Recent Financial Crisis
Authors: Jaeger Mireille , Lemzeri Yasmina , Ory Jean-Noel 
Published: September 2016

During the banking crisis of the 1990s, French cooperative banks emerged as more resistant and efficient than joint-stock banks, which enabled them to improve their market share and increase their reserve capital. This subsequently became the keystone of the external restructuring that led to the transformation of cooperative banks into large universal banking groups. At the time, their competitive advantage relied mainly on a different approach to risk-taking, which was associated with their cooperative legal form and their specific governance model.However, the same features have clearly not prevailed during the financial phase of the most recent crisis. Whereas governance models in the banking sector have been deeply questioned, the original cooperative model has evolved differently within European countries, with a high level of hybridization in some and a very diffuse cooperative network in others. Some European cooperative groups have been damaged by the crisis, mainly because of the corporate and investment banking that formed part of their activity.Yet the recent crisis has revealed the importance of a resistant and resilient worldwide banking system and the diversity of legal forms and organizations could contribute to achieving this goal. In this paper, we assess the resistance and resilience of major joint-stock banks during the crisis and compare them to cooperative banks in different European countries and Canada. We conduct our analysis at an aggregated/consolidated level for these two categories of banks. Using different indicators (e.g., z-score, loans to the economy, return on equity) as dependent variables, we verify whether the cooperative form is synonymous with greater resistance or resilience, and whether the results may be explained by different organizational schemes in cooperative banking.