bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Western Cape Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT) study: Measuring primary care organisation and performance in the Western Cape Province, South Africa (2013)
Authors: Bresick Graham F. , Sayed Abdul-Rauf , Le Grange Cynthia , Bhagwan Susheela , Manga Nayna , Hellenberg Derek 
Published: May 2016

Background: Major health sector reform and the need for baseline measures of performance to determine impact.Aim: Baseline audit of primary healthcare (PHC) performance.Setting: Cape Town and Cape Winelands (rural) PHC facilities (PCFs) in Western Cape Province, South Africa.Method: The South African cross-culturally validated ZA PCAT to audit PHC performance on 11 subdomains associated with improved health and reduced costs. Adult PCF users systematically sampled. All full-time doctors and nurse practitioners in PCFs sampled and all PCF managers in sub-districts sampled invited into the study.Results: Data from 1432 users, 100 clinicians and 64 managers from 13 PCFs in 10 sub-districts analysed (figures show stakeholder percentages scoring subdomain performance ‘acceptable to good’). 11.5% users scored access ‘acceptable to good’; community orientation and comprehensive services provided 20.8% and 39.9%, respectively. Total PHC score for users 50.2%; for managers and practitioners 82.8% and 88.0%, respectively. Among practitioners access was lowest (33.3%); PHC team (98.0%) and comprehensive services available (100.0%) highest. Among managers, access (13.5%) and family centredness (45.6%) are lowest; PHC team (85.9%) and comprehensive services available (90.6%) highest. Managers scored access, family centredness and cultural competence significantly lower than practitioners. Users scored comprehensive services available, comprehensive services provided and community orientation significantly lower than practitioners and managers.Conclusion: Gaps between users’ experience and providers’ assessments of PHC performance are identified. Features that need strengthening and alignment with best practice, provincial and national, and health policies are highlighted with implications for practitioner and manager training, health policy, and research.
Epigenetic Library Screen Identifies Abexinostat as Novel Regulator of Adipocytic and Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Skeletal (Mesenchymal) Stem Cells
Authors: Ali Dalia , Hamam Rimi , Alfayez Musaed , Kassem Moustapha , Aldahmash Abdullah , Alajez Nehad M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

The epigenetic mechanisms promoting lineage-specific commitment of human skeletal (mesenchymal or stromal) stem cells (hMSCs) into adipocytes or osteoblasts are still not fully understood. Herein, we performed an epigenetic library functional screen and identified several novel compounds, including abexinostat, which promoted adipocytic and osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs. Using gene expression microarrays, chromatin immunoprecipitation for H3K9Ac combined with high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq), and bioinformatics, we identified several key genes involved in regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation that were targeted by abexinostat. Concordantly, ChIP-quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed marked increase in H3K9Ac epigenetic mark on the promoter region of AdipoQ, FABP4, PPARγ, KLF15, CEBPA, SP7, and ALPL in abexinostat-treated hMSCs. Pharmacological inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (PF-573228) or insulin-like growth factor-1R/insulin receptor (NVP-AEW51) signaling exhibited significant inhibition of abexinostat-mediated adipocytic differentiation, whereas inhibition of WNT (XAV939) or transforming growth factor-β (SB505124) signaling abrogated abexinostat-mediated osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Our findings provide insight into the understanding of the relationship between the epigenetic effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors, transcription factors, and differentiation pathways governing adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation. Manipulating such pathways allows a novel use for epigenetic compounds in hMSC-based therapies and tissue engineering.

Significance
This unbiased epigenetic library functional screen identified several novel compounds, including abexinostat, that promoted adipocytic and osteoblastic differentiation of human skeletal (mesenchymal or stromal) stem cells (hMSCs). These data provide new insight into the understanding of the relationship between the epigenetic effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors, transcription factors, and differentiation pathways controlling adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation of hMSCs. Manipulating such pathways allows a novel use for epigenetic compounds in hMSC-based therapies for tissue engineering, bone disease, obesity, and metabolic-disorders.
Effect of a large and very shallow lake on local summer precipitation over the Lake Taihu basin in China
Authors: Gu Hongping , Ma Zhuguo , Li Mingxing 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLake Taihu is the third largest freshwater lake in China and is situated in the Middle and lower Yangtze River delta. It is characterized by its shallowness (~1.9 m), large area (~2338 km2), and high turbidity in recent years. The lake's effect on local summer precipitation is first studied in this paper through the use of an atmosphere‐lake coupled model. By enlarging the light extinction coefficient, modifying the radiation scheme, and setting the roughness length to constants, the coupled model after adjustment realistically reproduces the thermal stratification and magnitude of diurnal variation over Lake Taihu, with mean biases of 0.7°C for lake surface temperature and 0.4°C for near‐surface air temperature, respectively. Based on this calibrated coupled model, two high‐resolution numerical simulations with and without the lake (lake grid cells replaced by cropland) were conducted to identify the lake effects. The results show that an overall effect of Lake Taihu on local summer precipitation is negative during daytime and positive during nighttime and the precipitation pattern may be modified to some extent. The lake effect varies between areas and with time of day and occurs primarily on the downwind shore. A composite analysis for a representative decreased precipitation region reveals that during daytime in the summer, the combination of decreased air temperature and latent heat flux, along with intensified divergence and downdraft, acts together to stabilize the lower atmosphere and suppress thermal convective activities, ultimately resulting in less precipitation over this region.
Estimation of net ecosystem production in Asia using the diagnostic‐type ecosystem model with a 10 km grid‐scale resolution
Authors: Sasai Takahiro , Obikawa Hiroki , Murakami Kazutaka , Kato Soushi , Matsunaga Tsuneo , Nemani Ramakrishna R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe terrestrial carbon cycle in Asia is highly uncertain, and it affects our understanding of global warming. One of the important issues is the need for an enhancement of spatial resolution, since local regions in Asia are heterogeneous with regard to meteorology, land form, and land cover type, which greatly impacts the detailed spatial patterns in its ecosystem. Thus, an important goal of this study is to reasonably reproduce the heterogeneous biogeochemical patterns in Asia by enhancing the spatial resolution of the ecosystem model biosphere model integrating eco‐physiological and mechanistic approaches using satellite data (BEAMS). We estimated net ecosystem production (NEP) over eastern Asia and examined the spatial differences in the factors controlling NEP by using a 10 km grid‐scale approach over two different decades (2001–2010 and 2091–2100). The present and future meteorological inputs were derived from satellite observations and the downscaled Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) data set, respectively. The results showed that the present NEP in whole eastern Asia was carbon source (−214.9 TgC yr−1) and in future scenarios, the greatest positive (76.4 TgC yr−1) and least negative (−95.9 TgC yr−1) NEPs were estimated from the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 6.0 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. Calculated annual NEP in RCP8.5 was mostly positive in the southern part of East Asia and Southeast Asia and negative in northern and central parts of East Asia. Under the RCP scenario with higher greenhouse gases emission (RCP8.5), deciduous needleleaf and mixed forests distributed in the middle and high latitudes served as carbon source. In contrast, evergreen broadleaf forests distributed in low latitudes served as carbon sink. The sensitivity study demonstrated that the spatial tendency of NEP was largely influenced by atmospheric CO2 and temperature.
Dasatinib in imatinib‐resistant or ‐intolerant chronic‐phase, chronic myeloid leukemia patients: 7‐year follow‐up of study CA180‐034
Authors: Shah Neil P. , Rousselot Philippe , Schiffer Charles , Rea Delphine , Cortes Jorge E. , Milone Jorge , Mohamed Hesham , Healey Diane , Kantarjian Hagop , Hochhaus Andreas , Saglio Giuseppe 
Published: May 2016

Dasatinib was approved at 100 mg once daily for imatinib‐resistant or ‐intolerant patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase, based on results of the phase 3 CA180‐034 (NCT00123474) study. Here we present the final 7‐year analysis of this pivotal study, the longest follow‐up to date of any second‐generation BCR–ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Patients (n = 670) with imatinib‐resistant or ‐intolerant CML in chronic phase received dasatinib. Nineteen percent of patients continued on study treatment, with a greater proportion in the 100 mg once daily arm remaining on therapy. Seven‐year rates for major molecular response (MMR), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were similar across doses; MMR, PFS, and OS results were 46, 42, and 65% at 100 mg once daily, respectively. Improved PFS and OS rates were reported in patients who achieved BCR–ABL1 ≤10% at 3 and 6 months. No new safety signals were identified. The incidence of drug‐related pleural effusion was 28% at 100 mg once daily and 35% at the other three dose groups. Incidence of drug‐related pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension remained low (≤3% across all doses). Arterial ischemic events occurred in ≤4% of patients across all doses. These data support the long‐term efficacy and well‐established safety profile of dasatinib for patients with imatinib‐resistant or ‐intolerant CML in chronic phase. Am. J. Hematol. 91:869–874, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recycling of wood fiber‐reinforced HDPE by multiple reprocessing
Authors: Åkesson Dan , Fuchs Torsten , Stöss Michael , Root Andrew , Stenvall Erik , Skrifvars Mikael 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe mechanical recycling of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with wood fiber was studied by means of repeated injection moulding. The change in properties during the recycling was monitored by tensile and flexural tests, Charpy impact tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), FTIR spectroscopy, and by measuring the fiber lengths. Tests were also done where injection moulding was combined with subsequent accelerated thermo‐oxidative ageing and thereafter repeated numerous times. The results showed that the HDPE composites were relatively stable toward both the ageing conditions and the repeated injection moulding. The change of the mechanical properties was mainly observed as an increased elongation at max. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43877.
fMRI exploration of pedagogical benefits of repeated testing: when more is not always better
Authors: Liu Xiaonan L. , Reder Lynne M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe testing effect refers to superior retention when study is followed by a test rather than followed by another study. Most research to date on why the testing effect occurs has been behavioral, but we employed neuroimaging methods in this study in order to shed light on the underlying processes.MethodsSubjects were scanned while studying, restudying, and taking cued‐recall tests of word pairs (with no feedback). We analyzed the BOLD responses by back sorting the encoding and test trials based on whether the subsequent test was correct or incorrect. We compared the subsequent memory patterns in initial study, restudy, and test trials.ResultsOverall, brain activity during test trials was a better predictor of later performance than brain activity during restudy trials. For test trials, we separately examined brain regions associated with the retrieval attempt process during successful retrieval and regions associated with the re‐encoding process during retrieval in terms of prediction of subsequent memory. Regions associated with retrieval attempts were found to always predict subsequent memory success (the greater the activation, the more likely the correct recall); however, the regions associated with re‐encoding would sometimes predict subsequent failure, specifically when subjects had correctly recalled the associated word several times already.ConclusionsThese results suggest that whether a testing effect advantage is observed depends on both on the retrieval process and the re‐encoding process which follows that retrieval.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Characterization of Fe‐Al‐C Permanent Magnetic Alloys.
Authors: SZYMURA S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe microstructure of the FeAl7.91C1.98 alloy has been studied (TEM) in the state of optimum magnetic properties, i.e., after quenching from 1200 °C in oil to room temp., followed by tempering at 300 °C. The existence of rectangular precipitates of the Fe3AlC phase generating along .ltbbrac.100.rtbbrac.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Gallium Tetramethylammonium Sodalite, NMe4GaSi5O12.
Authors: LORTZ W. , SCHOEN G. + 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compound has been obtained in 70% yield (based on Ga) from the hydrothermal reaction of tetramethoxosilane, NMe4OH, and Ga2O3 (autoclave, 180 °C, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Spin‐Lattice Relaxation Time Studies and Vibrational Spectra of Solid Tricarbonyl(η7‐tropylium)chromium(0) and ‐molybdenum(0) Tetrafluoroborates, ((η7‐C7H7)M(CO)3)BF4 (M: Cr, Mo).
Authors: HARVEY P. D. , BUTLER I. S. , GILSON D. F. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBy both 1H and 19F spin‐spin lattice relaxation times over the temp. range 296‐293 K and FT‐IR and Raman spectroscopic measurements the barriers to reorientation of the tropylium ring and the BF4‐ ion in the solid title complexes are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetism of Mn(II)Cu(II) and Ni(II)Cu(II) Ordered Bimetallic Chains. Crystal Structure of MnCu(pba)(H2O)3·2 H2O (pba: 1,3‐Propylenebis(oxamato)).
Authors: PEI Y. , VERDAGUER M. , KAHN O. , SLETTEN J. , RENARD J.‐P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe two complexes (I) are prepared from the dianion (Cu(pba))2‐. The X‐ray structure of (Ia) (space group Pnma, Z=4) consists of ordered bimetallic chains with octahedral Mn(II) and square‐pyramidal Cu(II) ions bridged by oxamato groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Nineteen‐Electron Adducts: Measurement of δG° for the Reactions of CpMo(CO)3 with Halide Ligands (Cp: CH3C5H4).
Authors: PHILBIN C. E. , GRANATIR C. A. , TYLER D. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the photochemical reaction of halides X‐ with Cp2Mo2(CO)6 a mechanism is considered, in which the initially formed 17‐electron species CpMo(CO)3 reacts with X‐ to form the 19‐electron adducts CpMo(CO)3X‐.
ChemInform Abstract: A δ‐Lactone Synthesis Involving an Intramolecular 1,4‐Addition of α‐Iodoacetates to Enones.
Authors: DEMIR A. S. , GROSS R. S. , DUNLAP N. K. , BASHIR‐HASHEMI A. , WATT D. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe intramolecular addition of the iodoacetates (Ia) ‐ (Ic) to their enone subunits in the presence of iodotrimethylsilane (II) affords the δ‐lactones (IIIa) ‐ (IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: Effective Method for the Synthesis of Unsaturated Substituted Hydrazines with Participation of Complex Palladium Catalysts.
Authors: TELIN A. G. , FAKHRETDINOV R. N. , DZHEMILEV U. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of hydrazine hydrate (Ia) with butadiene (II) in the presence of a Pd catalyst produces the dioctadienylhydrazine (IIIa) and the azo compound (IIIb), depending on the ligand, the activator, and the solvent used.
ChemInform Abstract: Directed Resolution of 2‐Fluoro‐2‐methylhexanoic Acid.
Authors: DE MUNARI S. , MARAZZI G. , FAUSTINI F. , VILLA V. , CARLUCCIO L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOptical resolution of the racemic hexanoic acids (I) is achieved by formation of the diastereomeric amides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Step Preparation of (E)‐4‐Mercapto‐2‐butenoic Esters and Nitriles. Relative Michael Reactivities in Simple Unsaturated Systems.
Authors: BUNCE R. A. , PIERCE J. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWittig reaction of the phosphorane ylides (Ia) ‐ (Id) with dimeric mercaptoacetaldehyde (II) gives the mercapto derivatives (IIIa) ‐ (IIId).
ChemInform Abstract: First Isolation of a Stable Aliphatic Thioaldehyde, Tris(trimethylsilyl)ethanethial.
Authors: OKAZAKI R. , ISHII A. , INAMOTO N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe crystalline pink‐red colored ethanethial (II) is obtained together with (III) from (I) and O‐ethyl thioformate.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Preparation of Homochiral Bicyclo‐Annulated Cyclopentadienes via the Skattebol Rearrangement. Avoidance of Limitations due to Angle Strain. Part 36.
Authors: MCLAUGHLIN M. L. , MCKINNEY J. A. , PAQUETTE L. A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract(R)‐Camphor (I) is converted to the enol triflate (III) by reaction with the trifluoromethanesulfonimide (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Substitution of Indoles. Part 9. Reaction of Indoles with Iminium Systems.
Authors: BANERJI J. , SAHA M. , CHAKRABARTI R. , DAS A. K. , PANDIT U. K. , CHATTERJEE A. , SHOOLERY J. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReactions of indole (II) or 2‐methylindole (VII) with the benzylideneanilines (I) yield the products shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route to 4‐, 5‐, and 6‐Indolecarboxylic Acids.
Authors: KASAHARA A. , IZUMI T. , YANAI H. , MURAKAMI S. , TAKATORI M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe o‐bromoanilines (I) are coupled with the olefins (II) in the presence of Pd(II) acetate, yielding the vinyl or styryl substituted anilines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cycloaddition Reaction of 2‐Cyano‐3‐indoleacetonitriles.
Authors: KURIHARA T. , HANAKAWA M. , HARUSAWA S. , YONEDA R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe formylindoles (I) and the ketones (VII) react with diethyl phosphorocyanidate (II), producing the compounds (III), (V), (VIII), or (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Nitriles in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Novel Synthesis of Pyrrole and Pyridine Derivatives.
Authors: ABDEL‐GALIL F. M. , SALLAM M. M. , SHERIF S. M. , ELNAGDI M. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe N‐arylmaleimides (I) and cyanothioacetamide (II) are combined to yield the pyrrolo(3,2‐b)pyrrole derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Absolute Configuration of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐4‐hydroxyisoquinolines.
Authors: SNATZKE G. , MEESE C. O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBenzylic hydroxylation of the achiral isoquinoline derivative debrisoquine (I), the major pathway of metabolization in man, predominantly leads to the (+)‐(S)‐compound (IIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of 3‐Hydroxy‐5‐methoxypyridinium N‐Imine.
Authors: CHEN L.‐C. , YANG S.‐C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe enolether (I), prepared from the corresponding dione and methanol/ gaseous HCl, is converted to the hydroxymethoxypyridinium N‐imine (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Agents Acting on CNS. Part 34. 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7‐Octahydropyrazino(1,2‐a)‐1‐benzazepines.
Authors: BHANDARI K. , MURTI V. A. , ANAND N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSince compounds of type (I) possess remarkable antidepressant and hypotensive activity, homologues of type (VIb), obtained from (VIa) by essentially known methods, and (VIII) are synthesized (in part no yield given).
ChemInform Abstract: New Approaches to Synthetic Receptors. Synthesis and Host Properties of a Water Soluble Macrocyclic Analog of Trger′s Base.
Authors: WILCOX C. S. , COWART M. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of the dibromide (I) with the bistosylate (II) in the presence of Cs2CO3, followed by reductive cleavage, yields the macrocyclic diamine (IV), which is tested as a model for receptor binding studies with benzenoid substrates, e.g. 4‐methyl‐, 4‐cyano‐, and 2,4,6‐trimethylphenol respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Boron‐Nitrogen Compounds. Part 112. Chemical Behavior and Structure of Triply Bridged Pyrazaboles of the Type RB(μ‐pz)2(μ‐OBRO)BR.
Authors: HSU L.‐Y. , MARIATEGUI J. F. , NIEDENZU K. , SHORE S. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe structure of the triply bridged pyrazaboles (I) is investigated by an X‐ray analysis of (Ia) (space group P21/c, Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Silylene with Allenes: Alkylidenesilacyclopropane and Silatrimethylenemethane.
Authors: ANDO W. , SASO H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIrradiation of the trisilane (I) in the presence of the allene (II) leads to the formation of the products (III) and (IV) respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: New Access to Functionalized Dichlorophosphines: Synthesis of Two Coordinated Phosphorus Heterocycles.
Authors: PELLON P. , HAMELIN J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe silylketene acetals (Ia) ‐ (Ic) and (IVa) and (IVb) react with PCl3 to give the dichlorophosphines (IIa) ‐ (IIc) and (Va) and (Vb) respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentacoordinated Molecules. Part 68. Distortion Coordinate for Nonrigid Five‐Coordinated Antimony. Synthesis and Structure of Oxygen‐ and Sulfur‐Containing Cyclic Organostiboranes.
Authors: HOLMES R. R. , DAY R. O. , CHANDRASEKHAR V. , HOLMES J. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe monocyclic stiboranes (I) and (II) are synthesized by the reaction of Ph3SbCl2 with the corresponding ligands or their anions; whereas the bicyclic stiborane (III) is obtained from p‐tolylstibonic acid and pinacol.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Reductive Cleavage of the C=O Bond of Acyl Halides and the CN Bond of Nitriles by Hydrogen in the Presence of Sulfido‐Bridged Molybdenum Complexes.
Authors: COONS D. E. , LAURIE J. C. V. , HALTIWANGER R. C. , RAKOWSKI DUBOIS M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhen a solution containing (I) and excess acyl halide is placed under an atmosphere of H2, the complex salt (IIIa) is formed as the final product via the transient compound (II), identified by NMR.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Nitroxyl Interactions. Part 49. Molecular Structure and EPR Spectra of Dichloro(bis((1‐pyrazolyl)methyl)(2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐oxy‐4‐piperidinyl)amine)copper(II) and EPR Studies of Copper‐Nitroxyl Exchange in Related Compounds.
Authors: REIBENSPIES J. H. , ANDERSON O. P. , EATON S. S. , MORE K. M. , EATON G. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe structure of the title compound (Ia) (space group P21/c, Z=4) is determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Amino Acid Amides Using 2‐Trifluoromethyl‐δ2‐ and Trifluoromethyl‐δ3‐oxazolin‐5‐ones.
Authors: BITIEV SH. G. , CHEL'TSOVA G. V. , KARTEISKAYA E. I. , KLABUNOVSKII E. I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reduction of the Δ2‐oxazolinones (I) in the presence of (S)‐(‐)‐α‐ phenylethylamine (II) leads to the formation of the amide (III), preferred in the (R,S)‐configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Optically Pure Methyl 4‐Deoxyheptosides via cis‐Hydroxylation of the Double Bond of Dihydro‐2H‐Pyran Type (4 + 2)‐Cycloadducts.
Authors: JURCZAK J. , BAUER T. , KIHLBERG J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHigh pressure cycloaddition of the diene (I) to the aldehyde (II) yields the pyran derivatives (III) and (IV) as diastereomeric mixtures.