bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analytical model for system-wide and tier-specific assessment of resilience to supply chain risks
Authors: Pournader Mehrdokht , Rotaru Kristian , Kach Andrew Philip , Razavi Hajiagha Seyed Hossein 
Published: September 2016

PurposeBased on the emerging view of supply chains as complex adaptive systems, this paper aims to build and test an analytical model for resilience assessment surrounding supply chain risks at the level of the supply chain system and its individual tiers.Design/methodology/approachTo address the purpose of this study, a multimethod research approach is adopted as follows: first, data envelopment analysis (DEA) modelling and fuzzy set theory are used to build a fuzzy network DEA model to assess risk resilience of the overall supply chains and their individual tiers; next, the proposed model is tested using a survey of 150 middle- and top-level managers representing nine industry sectors in Iran.FindingsThe survey results show a substantial variation in resilience ratings between the overall supply chains characterizing nine industry sectors in Iran and their individual tiers (upstream, downstream and organizational processes). The findings indicate that the system-wide characteristic of resilience of the overall supply chain is not necessarily indicative of the resilience of its individual tiers.Practical implicationsHigh efficiency scores of a number of tiers forming a supply chain are shown to have only a limited effect on the overall efficiency score of the resulting supply chain. Overall, our research findings confirm the necessity of adopting both the system-wide and tier-specific approach by analysts and decision makers when assessing supply chain resilience. Integrated as part of risk response and mitigation process, the information obtained through such analytical approach ensures timely identification and mitigation of major sources of risk in the supply chains.Originality/valueSupply chain resilience assessment models rarely consider resilience to risks at the level of individual supply chain tiers, focusing instead on the system-wide characteristics of supply chain resilience. The proposed analytical model allows for the assessment of supply chain resilience among individual tiers for a wide range of supply chain risks categorized as upstream, downstream, organizational, network and external.
Allied health management of technology‐related musculoskeletal complaints among children and adolescents
Authors: Ciccarelli Marina , Fraser Kerri , Vaz Sharmila 
Published: September 2016

Background/aimChildren and adolescents are prolific users of information and communication technologies (ICT) in learning, leisure, and social communication activities. High exposure to ICT is associated with musculoskeletal injuries in adults; however, the management of ICT physical complaints in children is not well‐understood.MethodsAn online survey of allied health professionals (occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and chiropractors) was undertaken to determine (i) the number of children and adolescents in Perth, Western Australia who accessed treatment for musculoskeletal complaints related to use of technology; (ii) the typical frequency and duration of service provision; and (iii) the nature of treatment provided. Costs associated with service provision were estimated.ResultsData from 101 identified the most commonly treated musculoskeletal complaints among children and adolescents included: non‐specific neck pain; thoracic postural pain disorder; non‐specific low back pain; and lumbar postural pain disorder. Approximately 1445 children were treated in the previous 12 months; with one‐third of chiropractors each reported treating 31+ children. Most common treatments were soft tissue release, mobilisation, flexibility and conditioning exercises, soft tissue massage and kinesio‐taping. Verbal education about healthy use of technology was provided by most clinicians (88%), with some inconsistent recommendations. The estimated cost of treatment was AUD$1,057,715; of which AUD$544,886 was health system funded.ConclusionsChildren and adolescents received allied health treatment for a range of musculoskeletal complaints associated with ICT use. The potential long‐term impacts on their health and wellbeing, and the economic burden associated with this health issue warrant the development of systematic risk reduction strategies.
Workforce profile of Australian occupational therapists working with people who are terminally ill
Authors: Hammill Kathrine , Bye Rosalind , Cook Catherine 
Published: September 2016

Background/aimThe role played by Australian occupational therapists with clients living with terminal illness has recently been highlighted in the Occupational Therapy Australia () position paper on palliative care. To date, little evidence exists about the work profile of these therapists, the type of clients seen, their practice settings and how long therapists are planning to remain in this clinical role. This paper presents results from a national survey of Australian occupational therapists working with people who are terminally ill.MethodsThe largest ever sample (n = 171) of Australian occupational therapists working with clients who are terminally ill were purposively surveyed in this national mixed‐method study, which was analysed using descriptive statistics and grounded theory.ResultsResults revealed a predominantly full‐time, publicly employed (81%), female (93%) workforce, with an average six years of experience in this setting. Most therapists treated clients in the community (49%), with slightly fewer working in inpatient settings (40%). Many had dual caseloads, employed in palliative care clinical roles, aged care or oncology settings. Neoplasms of varying kinds represented the dominant clinical diagnostic category. The majority of respondents planned to remain in their current role on average seven more years, citing job satisfaction as the main reason for doing so.ConclusionsResults from this study reveal important data for future workforce planning in this clinical area. The information gathered about client diagnoses and practice contexts will enable more targeted preparation of students for graduation.
Possible Achondroplastic Dwarf Skull from Montevideo, Uruguay
Authors: Hefner Joseph T. , Warren Michael W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAchondroplasia (chondrodystrophia) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder affecting approximately 1 in 26,000 live births and is the most common cause of dwarfism in humans. Disproportionate short stature and a suite of craniofacial characteristics typify achondroplasia. The literature available for differential diagnosis of the disorder relies primarily on the postcranial skeleton. In this paper, a possible case of achondroplasia is presented. The cranium presents a unique suite of cranial and craniofacial dysmorphologies. The lack of postcranial remains does not permit their use in the analysis. To make a differential diagnosis and to quantify the observed craniofacial dysmorphologies, craniometric data are compared to modern clinical literature and to craniometric data from known achondroplastic dwarfs. Thin‐plate spline analysis is integrated to quantify the differences in degree and magnitude of shape change. This manuscript demonstrates an appropriate methodology for identifying achondroplasia from the cranial skeleton alone.
Layer‐by‐Layer Thin Film of Iron Phthalocyanine as a Simple and Fast Sensor for Polyphenol Determination in Tea Samples
Authors: Maximino Mateus Dassie , Martin Cibely Silva , Paulovich Fernando Vieira , Alessio Priscila 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPolyphenols have attracted attention due to their antioxidant capacity and beneficial effects to health. Therefore, fast, inexpensive, and efficient methods to discriminate and to quantify polyphenols are of interest for food industry. In this paper, Layer‐by‐Layer films of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and iron tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine were employed as sensor for determination of polyphenols in green tea (camellia sinensis), and green and roasted mate teas (ilex paraguariensis). The polyphenol sensor was tested in catechol standard solution by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), reaching a limit of detection of 1.76 × 10−7mol/L. The determination of polyphenols in the tea samples was obtained by analytical curve and catechol standard addition using electrochemical techniques. Projection techniques (information visualization) were applied to the DPV results of the tea samples and a pattern of separation following the phenolic content was obtained. The results support the application of the sensor in fast classification of beverages according to their polyphenol content.
Suppression of Psyllium Husk Suspension Viscosity by Addition of Water Soluble Polysaccharides
Authors: Kale Madhuvanti S. , Yadav Madhav P. , Hanah Kyle A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPsyllium seed husk is an insoluble dietary fiber with many health benefits. It can absorb many times its weight in water, forming very viscous suspensions, which have low palatability and consumer acceptance. We report here a novel approach for decreasing its viscosity, involving inclusion of a soluble polysaccharide in the suspension. This leads to a drastic decrease (up to 87%) in viscosity of suspensions, while maintaining the same dosage level of psyllium and also delivering a significant amount of soluble dietary fiber such as corn bio‐fiber gum in a single serving. Four soluble polysaccharides with a range of molecular weights and solution viscosities have been studied for their viscosity suppression effect. Besides improving palatability, another advantage of this approach is that it makes it possible to deliver 2 different dietary fibers in significant quantities, thus offering even greater health benefits.
Effects of Hull Scratching, Soaking, and Boiling on Antinutrients in Japanese Red Sword Bean (Canavalia gladiata)
Authors: Une Satsuki , Nonaka Koji , Akiyama Junich 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe effects of hull processing, soaking, and boiling on the content or activity of antinutrients in the red sword bean (RSB; Canavalia gladiata) were investigated. RSB seeds were compared with kidney bean (KB; Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds that are starch based and often used as processed products in Japan. RSB seeds had higher weight, thicker hull, and higher protein content, but lower moisture content compared with KB seeds. Because of the strong and thick hull, the relative water absorption of untreated RSB seeds was very low after soaking. Seeds were soaked after dehulling, scratching, and roasting. The results showed that hull scratching was the optimal method for increasing water absorption during soaking compared with dehulling and roasting. After soaking, the water used for soaking was discarded, since it had a high content of polyphenols and bitter taste, and RSB seeds were boiled in fresh water for 20, 40, and 60 min. The results showed that polyphenol and tannin contents, antioxidant activity, and hemagglutinating activity, as well as maltase, sucrase, and trypsin inhibitor activities in scratched RSB seeds decreased significantly after boiling compared with those in raw seeds, whereas amylase inhibitor activity showed no significant change. Overall, it was concluded that the combination of hull scratching, soaking, and boiling in fresh water can reduce thermal‐stable or sensitive antinutrients in RSB and thus, significantly improve its nutritional value.
Characterization and Analysis of Protein Structures in Oat Bran
Authors: Jing Xuelian , Yang Chen , Zhang Liping 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGlobulin, albumin, gluten, and gliadin in oat bran were prepared by the Osborn method using oat bran as starting material. We characterized the secondary and tertiary structures of 4 proteins using circular dichroism, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy in order to analyze the composition and functional mechanisms. The results showed that the amino acid composition in all the 4 proteins was relatively balanced, and the essential amino acid content in albumin and globulin was high. The molecular weights of albumin, globulin, gliadin, and gluten were 19 to 21, 15 to 53, 20 to 38, and 10 to 90 kDa, respectively. The composition of gluten was a little complex compared to those of the other oat bran proteins. The secondary structure distribution of the 4 proteins differed, and increase in the pH resulted in modification of the β‐sheet structure to α‐helical structure. Moreover, the α‐helix content and surface hydrophobicity were negatively correlated (r = –0.988, P < 0.05). The peak position (λmax) and intensity of the fluorescence spectra of 4 proteins were in the order of gliadin > globulin > gluten > albumin, indicating that surface hydrophobicity of gliadin was the strongest and that of albumin was the weakest among the 4 proteins.
Effects of Desolvating Agent Types, Ratios, and Temperature on Size and Nanostructure of Nanoparticles from α‐Lactalbumin and Ovalbumin
Authors: Etorki Abdunnaser M. , Gao Menglu , Sadeghi Rohollah , Maldonado‐Mejia Luis F. , Kokini Jozef L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this study, we compare the preparation of ovalbumin (OVA) and α‐lactalbumin (α‐LA) nanoparticles using different desolvating agents (ethanol, acetone, and methanol) and water: desolvating agent volume ratios (1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20). Also the effects of protein solution temperature (25, 50, and 80 ℃) on the size of nanoparticles and the stability of crosslinked nanoparticles for 30 d were studied. OVA and α‐LA were shown to be good candidates for nanoparticulation and nanoparticles in the range of 60 to 230 nm were obtained. The comparison between the 2 proteins offers guidance to optimize OVA and α‐LA nanoparticle fabrication and to efficiently obtain nanoparticles with desired characteristics. The particle sizes of OVA nanoparticles were found to be in the range of 60 to 160 nm, and the particle sizes of α‐LA were between 150 and 230 nm. The sizes varied with different desolvating agents: for OVA, ethanol, and methanol both produced nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm; for α‐LA, methanol produced the smallest nanoparticles. Water: desolvating agent ratios, in the studied range, did not show a significant effect on the particle sizes for both OVA and α‐LA nanoparticles. The size and morphology of the nanoparticles were found to change when the protein solutions were heated up to 50 and 80 ℃ and cooled down before nanoparticulation and most nanoparticles had a smaller diameter.
What a difference a day makes: differences in initial abstinence response during a smoking cessation attempt
Authors: Piper Megan E. , Vasilenko Sara A. , Cook Jessica W. , Lanza Stephanie T. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimsTo (1) identify distinct classes of smokers based on quit day withdrawal symptoms and (2) explore the relations between withdrawal classes and demographics, tobacco dependence, treatment and smoking outcomes.DesignSecondary data analysis of participants (n = 1504) in a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled multi‐site smoking cessation trial who provided ecological momentary assessments of withdrawal symptoms on their quit day. Participants received smoking cessation counseling and were randomized to receive placebo or one of five active pharmacotherapies.SettingResearch offices in Madison and Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.ParticipantsAdult smokers (n = 1236; 58% female, 86% white), recruited from the community via advertisements, who abstained on their quit day.MeasurementsDemographics and tobacco dependence were assessed at baseline and participants carried palmtop computers to record withdrawal symptoms (craving, negative affect, difficulty concentrating, hunger and anhedonia) on their quit day. Point‐prevalence abstinence and latency to relapse were assessed at 8 weeks and 6 months post‐quit.FindingsLatent class analysis identified four withdrawal classes [Akaike information criterion (AIC) = 70.09]: Moderate withdrawal (64% of sample), high craving–anhedonia (8% of sample), affective withdrawal (13% of sample) and hunger (15% of sample). The high craving–anhedonia class reported significantly higher dependence (P < 0.01), were less likely to have received combination nicotine replacement, reported lower week 8 abstinence rates and relapsed sooner than those in the moderate withdrawal class (P < 0.05). The affective withdrawal class reported higher levels of baseline negative affect and life‐time psychopathology (P < 0.05) and relapsed more quickly than the moderate withdrawal class (P < 0.01).ConclusionsWhile the majority of smokers report typical levels of withdrawal symptoms on their quit day, more than one‐third report extreme craving or extreme negative affective or extreme hunger responses to initial abstinence. These distinct quit‐day withdrawal symptom patterns are related to baseline characteristics, treatment and cessation success.
Construct validity of a novel assessment tool for ultrasound‐guided axillary brachial plexus block
Authors: Ahmed O. M. A. , O'Donnell B. D. , Gallagher A. G. , Breslin D. S. , Nix C. M. , Shorten G. D. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity and reliability of a novel metrics‐based assessment tool, previously developed for ultrasound‐guided axillary brachial plexus block. Five expert and eight novice anaesthetists performed a total of 18 ultrasound‐guided axillary brachial plexus blocks on the same number of patients. A trained investigator video‐taped procedures according to a pre‐defined protocol. Two trained consultant anaesthetists independently scored the videos using the assessment tool. Compared with novices, experts completed more steps (mean 41.0 vs. 33.1, p = 0.001), had fewer procedural errors (2.8 vs. 7.9, p < 0.0001), had fewer critical errors (0.8 vs. 1.3, p = 0.030), and fewer total errors (3.5 vs. 9.1, p < 0.0001). The mean inter‐rater reliability for scoring of experts’ performance was 0.91, for novices’ performance was 0.84, and for all performance combined (n = 18) was 0.88. This assessment tool is valid, and discriminates reliably between expert and novice performance for placement of ultrasound‐guided axillary brachial plexus blocks.
Androgen and glucocorticoid production in the male killer whale (Orcinus orca): influence of age, maturity, and environmental factors
Authors: O'Brien J. K. , Steinman K. J. , Fetter G. A. , Robeck T. R. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryCirculating concentrations of testosterone and its precursor androstenedione, as well as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and the adrenal hormones cortisol and corticosterone were measured at monthly intervals in 14 male killer whales (Orcinus orca) aged 0.8–38 years. Analyses were performed for examination of the relationships of age, sexual maturation status (STATUS), season, and environmental temperature (monthly air ambient temperature, A‐TEMP) with hormone production using a mixed effects linear regression model with animal ID as the random variable. Hormone profiles, derived from enzyme immunoassay procedures validated herein, established that simultaneous up‐regulation of androstenedione and testosterone production occurs at puberty, when males are aged 8–12 years. Androgen (testosterone and androstenedione) production in pubertal and adult males was influenced by season, with highest (p < 0.01) concentrations observed in spring and summer months. A significant effect of STATUS and season on DHEA production was also documented, with higher (p < 0.05) concentrations in pubertal and adult males compared to juvenile males, and higher (p < 0.05) concentrations in the months of summer than the fall. Among adult males (≥13 years), those classified as aged (≥31 years) had concentrations of testosterone and both glucocorticoids that were lower (p < 0.05), and those of androstenedione that were higher (p < 0.05) than their younger counterparts. The cortisol:corticosterone ratio for adult males was 7 : 1, and both glucocorticoids were affected by STATUS (p < 0.05), but not season or A‐TEMP. Results of this research enhance our understanding of reproductive and adrenocortical function in healthy male killer whales and provide baseline profiles of hormone production for use in the species’ health assessment and conservation.
First‐generation phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors dropout: a comprehensive review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Corona G. , Rastrelli G. , Burri A. , Serra E. , Gianfrilli D. , Mannucci E. , Jannini E. A. , Maggi M. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe discontinuation rate with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) remains very high. The aim of this study was to review and meta‐analyze currently available data regarding dropout of the first‐generation of PDE5i including sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil. An extensive Medline Embase and Cochrane search was performed including the following words: ‘PDE5i’, ‘discontinuation’. All observational studies reporting the dropout rate of PDE5i and its specific causes without any arbitrary restrictions were included. Out of 103 retrieved articles, 22 were included in the study. Retrieved trials included a total of 162,936 patients with a mean age of 58.8 ± 7.9 years. Prevalence of reported comorbid diabetes and hypertension were 27.7% and 36.9%, respectively. PDE5i were associated with a mean discontinuation rate of 4% per month (almost 50% after one year). This rate was higher in younger subjects and in those reporting a higher prevalence of associated morbidities. Six main reasons of PDE5i dropout were identified in the evaluated trials. Partner‐related problems and lack of efficacy represented the most important reasons for PDE5i discontinuation, although no significant difference among factors was detected. In conclusion, despite their high efficacy and easy administration, the discontinuation rate and dissatisfaction with PDE5i are still very high. Our data showed that no single factor plays a major role in PDE5i dropout, suggesting that the discontinuation rate is usually because of a combination of both medical problems and psychosocial and relational factors.