bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Morphine, Morphine-Lidocaine, and Morphine-Lidocaine-Ketamine Infusions in Dogs Using an Incision-Induced Pain Model
Authors: Chiavaccini Ludovica , Claude Andrew K. , Meyer Robert E. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTWe aimed to compare antinociceptive effects of IV infusions of morphine (M), morphine-lidocaine (ML), or morphine-lidocaine-ketamine (MLK) combined, in a mild-to-moderate pain model in dogs. Eighteen adult hounds were heavily sedated with IV morphine (0.2 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine to undergo thoracic skin incisions. After reversal, dogs were randomly assigned to receive loading doses of lidocaine and ketamine (MLK), lidocaine and saline (ML), or equivalent volume of saline (M), followed by 18 hr constant infusions of morphine (0.12 mg/kg/hr), lidocaine (3 mg/kg/hr) and ketamine (0.6 mg/kg/hr); morphine (0.12 mg/kg/hr) and lidocaine (3 mg/kg/hr); or morphine (0.12 mg/kg/hr), respectively. Pain was assessed with Short Form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale and mechanical nociception with von Frey filaments (VFFS). Data were analyzed with linear mixed model on ranks. Independently of treatment, Short Form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale was significantly higher than baseline for 24 hr (p &lt; .0001), while VFFS was significantly lower than baseline for 48 hr post-recovery (p &lt; .0001), with no difference between MLK and M groups. The ML group recorded significantly lower VFFS (p = .02) than the M group for the entire study. In conclusion, there was no significant analgesic difference between MLK and M alone.
Melanie’s Story: A Narrative Account of a Transgender Music Educator’s Journey
Authors: Bartolome Sarah J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this narrative study was to examine the experiences of Melanie, a music educator who identifies as transgender (MtF), as she navigated her preservice teacher preparation and entered the field. Ten 90-minute interviews were conducted over the course of 3 years spanning Melanie’s senior year of college and the 2 years following her graduation. Additional field texts included Melanie’s personal blog, reflective writings associated with music education courses, and observations of Melanie during practicum teaching, student teaching, and her first year of full-time teaching. A narrative account of Melanie’s experiences is presented, detailing her youth and adolescence as Matthew, a teenager struggling with gender identity, her first 3 years of college as she began transitioning to Melanie, her senior year of college negotiating her developing teacher and gender identities, and her eventual entry into the field as Miss Stanford, a confident young music educator. Melanie’s story highlights the particular challenges facing transgender music educators and illuminates considerations for music educators at all levels endeavoring to cultivate safe learning environments for students of diverse gender identities.
Critical Moments: Gay Male Choral Directors and the Taking Up of Gender Discourse
Authors: McBride Nicholas Ryan 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The problem of “missing males” in school choral programs is an issue that has plagued music teachers for nearly a century. To remedy this problem, some choral directors employ traditional notions of masculinity as a way to attract more male singers. Such strategies align perceptions of vocal music with stereotypically masculine activities, such as school athletics. As a consequence, researchers have examined and made problematic the nature of these so-called solutions. But too little remains known about how gender-norming narratives influence gay male choral teachers. This study explores how 2 self-identified gay male choral directors—closeted at school, but “out” to friends at home—take up, perform, construct, and enact gender within the choral classroom. Through acts of both normative masculine fidelity and subversive expressions of gendering, the participants embody extreme variations of conflict and conformity, all of which play out in the sociocultural and political context of the public school.
“Therapy Was Writing Rhymes”: Hip-Hop as Resilient Space for a Queer Rapper of Color
Authors: Kruse Adam J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This article shares a research study about JJ, an 18-year-old, Black, bisexual, genderqueer rapper who was born in Germany, spent most of childhood in England, and moved to the Southeastern United States as a teenager. While JJ faced challenges based on their many complex and intersecting identities, JJ’s story describes hip-hop as a space in which they experienced multiple elements of resilience, including expressing themselves, feeling protected, and experiencing persistence. JJ’s experiences and perceptions defy monolithic notions of identity and also confront limited conceptions of hip-hop’s relationship to gender and sexuality. Finally, JJ offers insights into their school music experiences focusing on issues of relevance and appropriation. Discussion and reflections offer considerations for music educators and scholars.
De herziene Corporate Governance Code: van reikwijdte tot responstijd
Authors: van den Nieuwenhuijzen M.C.A. 
Published: March 2017

De herziene Corporate Governance Code: van reikwijdte tot responstijd
De herziene Corporate Governance Code omvat een veelheid aan onderwerpen, waarvan in deze bijdrage de volgende de revue zullen passeren: de reikwijdte, kleinere beursfondsen, de ‘pas toe of leg uit’-regel en de algemene vergadering.
Francophone ou acadien : indécision identitaire au Nouveau-Brunswick et en Nouvelle-Écosse 1968–1973
Authors: Poplyansky Michael 
Published: March 2017

La fin des années 1960 et le début des années 1970 marquent un changement discursif important pour les minorités franco-canadiennes. Plutôt que d’utiliser les appellations historiques de « Canadien français » ou d’« Acadien », elles commencent à s’identifier simplement comme « francophone ». En se penchant sur les débats entourant la fondation de la Société des Acadiens du Nouveau-Brunswick et la Fédération acadienne de la Nouvelle-Écosse, cet article cherche à expliquer le bref attrait qu’exerça le vocable « francophone » en Acadie. L’article l’attribue à un désir d’inclusion par rapport aux individus n’ayant pas de lien généalogique avec la Déportation et à une volonté de se solidariser avec la lutte autonomiste des Québécois. Pourtant, l’article conclut que l’engouement pour le terme « francophone » n’a pas duré en Acadie, notamment à cause de la résistance populaire et de l’impraticabilité de toute tentative de « fusion » entre les peuples acadien et québécois.
Sensitivity of land use change emission estimates to historical land use and land cover mapping
Authors: Peng Shushi , Ciais Philippe , Maignan Fabienne , Li Wei , Chang Jinfeng , Wang Tao , Yue Chao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe carbon emissions from land use and land cover change (ELUC) are an important anthropogenic component of the global carbon budget. Yet these emissions have a large uncertainty. Uncertainty in historical land use and land cover change (LULCC) maps and their implementation in global vegetation models is one of the key sources of the spread of ELUC calculated by global vegetation models. In this study, we used the Organizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems terrestrial biosphere model to investigate how the different transition rules to define the priority of conversion from natural vegetation to agricultural land affect the historical reconstruction of plant functional types (PFTs) and ELUC. First, we reconstructed 10 sets of historical PFT maps using different transition rules and two methods. Then, we calculated ELUC from these 10 different historical PFT maps and an additional published PFT reconstruction, using the difference between two sets of simulations (with and without LULCC). The total area of forest loss is highly correlated with the total simulated ELUC (R2 = 0.83, P < 0.001) across the reconstructed PFT maps, which indicates that the choice of transition rules is a critical (and often overlooked) decision affecting the simulated ELUC. In addition to the choice of a transition rule, the initial land cover map and the reconstruction method for the reconstruction of historical PFT maps have an important impact on the resultant estimates of ELUC.
A statistical survey of electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic waves based on THEMIS FFF wave data
Authors: Ni Binbin , Gu Xudong , Fu Song , Xiang Zheng , Lou Yuequn 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBased on the high‐resolution FFF wave spectral data obtained from the three innermost Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms spacecraft, electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) emissions are identified, using automatic selection criteria, for the period from May 2010 to December 2015. A statistical analysis of wave spectral intensity, peak wave frequency, and wave occurrence rate is performed for the first harmonic ECH waves that are predominantly strongest among all harmonic bands, in terms of dependence on L shell, magnetic local time (MLT), magnetic latitude, and the level of geomagnetic activity. Our results indicate that ECH emissions are preferentially a nightside phenomenon primarily confined to the MLT interval of 21–06 and that the most intense ECH waves are commonly present at L = 5–9 and MLT = 23–03 within 3° of the magnetic equator. As the geomagnetic activity intensifies, averaged nightside ECH wave amplitude can increase from a few tenth mV/m to well above 1 mV/m. The presence of >0.1 mV/m ECH emissions extends from L < 10 to L > ~12 with a broad MLT coverage from the evening to postdawnside at the occurrence rate above 20% for the equatorial emissions and at a rate up to ~7% for higher‐latitude waves. Overall, the average peak wave frequency of the first harmonic ECH waves is located ~1.5 fce (where fce is the electron gyrofrequency) for L < 10 and becomes smaller at higher L shells. It also exhibits a tendency to shift to lower frequencies with increasing geomagnetic activity level. By finalizing a numeric table that gives the statistically average values of wave amplitude and peak wave frequency for different ranges of L shell, MLT, and geomagnetic activity level, our detailed investigation provides an improved statistical model of ECH wave global distribution in the Earth's inner and outer magnetosphere, which can be readily adopted as critical inputs in diffusion codes to evaluate the rates of ECH wave‐driven pitch angle scattering and to determine the precise contributions of ECH waves to the plasma sheet electron dynamics and diffuse auroral electron precipitation.
A simulation study of seasonal variations in the thermospheric upward propagation of migrating terdiurnal tide
Authors: Ruan Haibing , Wang Wenbin , Dou Xiankang , Yue Jia , Du Jian , Lei Jiuhou 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this study, the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics Global Circulation Model and the extended Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model are utilized to investigate the seasonal variations of the upward propagation of the migrating terdiurnal tide from the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Three main conclusions are drawn from a series of controlled simulations: (1) The background thermospheric zonal and meridional winds and neutral temperature can affect the upward propagation of the terdiurnal tide. (2) The background zonal winds can play an important role in the variation of the vertical advection and adiabatic cooling/heating, especially in the low thermosphere, and as a consequence, the upward propagation of the terdiurnal tide is modulated. (3) The terdiurnal tide in the MLT has influences not only on the latitudinal distributions and magnitudes of the terdiurnal tide in the upper thermosphere but also on the effect of the background winds on the upward propagation of the terdiurnal tide.
A micromechanical model of rate and state friction: 2. Effect of shear and normal stress changes
Authors: Molinari A. , Perfettini H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this paper we analyze the influence of shear and normal stress changes on frictional properties. This problem is fundamental as, for instance, sudden stress changes are naturally induced on active faults by nearby earthquakes. As any stress changes can be seen as resulting from a succession of infinitesimal stress steps, the role of sudden stress changes is crucial to our understanding of fault dynamics. Laboratory experiments carried out by Linker and Dieterich (1992) and Nagata et al. (2012), considering steps in normal and shear stress, respectively, show an instantaneous response of the state variable (a proxy for the evolution of contact surface in our model) to a sudden stress change. We interpret this response as being due to an (instantaneous) elastic response of the plastic and elastic contacts. We assume that the anelastic response of the plastic contacts is frozen during sudden stress changes. The contacts, which were driven by plasticity before the stress change, are elastically accommodated during the sudden variation of the load. On the contrary, when the loading is slowly varying, elastic deformation of plastic contacts can be neglected. Our model is able to explain the evolution law for the state variable reported by Linker and Dieterich (1992).
Development of a Water and Enthalpy Budget‐based Glacier mass balance Model (WEB‐GM) and its preliminary validation
Authors: Ding Baohong , Yang Kun , Yang Wei , He Xiaobo , Chen Yingying , Lazhu  , Guo Xiaofeng , Wang Lei , Wu Hui , Yao Tandong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a new water and energy budget‐based glacier mass balance model. Enthalpy, rather than temperature, is used in the energy balance equations to simplify the computation of the energy transfers through the water phase change and the movement of liquid water in the snow. A new parameterization for albedo estimation and state‐of‐the‐art parameterization schemes for rainfall/snowfall type identification and surface turbulent heat flux calculations are implemented in the model. This model was driven with meteorological data and evaluated using mass balance and turbulent flux data collected during a field experiment implemented in the ablation zone of the Parlung No. 4 Glacier on the Southeast Tibetan Plateau during 2009 and 2015–2016. The evaluation shows that the model can reproduce the observed glacier ablation depth, surface albedo, surface temperature, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux with high accuracy. Comparing with a traditional energy budget‐based glacier mass balance model, this enthalpy‐based model shows a superior capacity in simulation accuracy. Therefore, this model can reasonably simulate the energy budget and mass balance of glacier melting in this region and be used as a component of land surface models and hydrological models.
Potential effects of landscape change on water supplies in the presence of reservoir storage
Authors: Guswa Andrew J. , Hamel Perrine , Dennedy‐Frank P. James 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis work presents a set of methods to evaluate the potential effects of landscape changes on water supplies. Potential impacts are a function of the seasonality of precipitation, losses of water to evapotranspiration and deep recharge, the flow‐regulating ability of watersheds, and the availability of reservoir storage. For a given reservoir capacity, simple reservoir simulations with daily precipitation and streamflow enable the determination of the maximum steady supply of water for both the existing watershed and a hypothetical counter‐factual that has neither flow‐regulating benefits nor any losses. These two supply values, representing land use end‐members, create an envelope that defines the water‐supply service and bounds the effect of landscape change on water supply. These bounds can be used to discriminate between water supplies that may be vulnerable to landscape change and those that are unlikely to be affected. Two indices of the water‐supply service exhibit substantial variability across 593 watersheds in the continental United States. Rcross, the reservoir capacity at which landscape change is unlikely to have any detrimental effect on water supply has an interquartile range of 0.14–4% of mean‐annual‐streamflow. Steep, forested watersheds with seasonal climates tend to have greater service values, and the indices of water‐supply service are positively correlated with runoff ratios during the months with lowest flows.
Gas bubble size estimation in peat soils from EM wave scattering observed with ground penetrating radar
Authors: Terry Neil , Slater Lee 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe size of biogenic gas bubbles in peatlands is believed to regulate ebullition of carbon gases to the atmosphere. The measurement of electromagnetic (EM) wave travel times using ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a proven field‐scale method for indirect estimation of volumetric gas content. However, there is also the possibility that information on the size of the gas bubbles can be determined from the analysis of the spectral content of GPR signals as scattering attenuation possesses a frequency dependence for bubbles smaller than the EM wavelength (Rayleigh‐type scattering). Theoretical modeling shows that GPR data acquired with typical antenna frequencies are likely to be affected by bubble size in peat soils. Analysis of GPR data from two recent studies on peat monoliths where biogenic gas production was documented produced results consistent with the model predictions. Using the approach, zero offset cross‐borehole GPR data in a northern peatland suggest that large bubble clusters (i.e., 0.05 m radius) occur in peat. These findings broaden the utility of GPR for providing information on biogenic gas dynamics in peatlands.
Factors predicting survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients developing Richter syndrome transformation into Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Mauro Francesca Romana , Galieni Piero , Tedeschi Alessandra , Laurenti Luca , Del Poeta Giovanni , Reda Gianluigi , Motta Marina , Gozzetti Alessandro , Murru Roberta , Caputo Maria Denise , Campanelli Melissa , Frustaci Anna Maria , Innocenti Idanna , Raponi Sara , Guarini Anna , Morabito Fortunato , Foà Robin , Gentile Massimo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe hereby report the clinical and biologic features of 33 of 4680 (0.7%) patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), managed at 10 Italian centers, who developed Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), a rare variant of Richter syndrome. The median age at CLL and at HL diagnosis were 61 years (range 41‐80) and 70 years (range 46‐82), respectively, with a median interval from CLL to the diagnosis of HL of 90 months (range 0‐258). In 3 cases, CLL and HL were diagnosed simultaneously. Hl was characterized by advanced stage in 79% of cases, International Prognostic Score (IPS) ≥4 in 50%, extranodal involvement in 39%, B symptoms in 70%. Prior treatment for CLL had been received by 82% of patients and included fludarabine in 67%. Coexistence of CLL and HL was detected in the same bioptic tissue in 87% of cases. The most common administered treatment was the ABVD regimen given to 22 patients (66.6%). The complete response (CR) rate after ABVD was 68%, and was influenced by the IPS (P = .03) and interval from the last CLL treatment (P = .057). Survival from HL was also influenced by the IPS (P = .006) and time from the last CLL treatment (P = .047). The achievement of CR with ABVD was the only significant and independent factor predicting survival (P = .037). Taken together, our results show that the IPS and the interval from the prior CLL treatment influence the likelihood of achieving CR after ABVD, which is the most important factor predicting survival of patients with CLL developing HL.
Elevated C‐X‐C motif ligand 13 and B‐cell‐activating factor levels in neuromyelitis optica during remission
Authors: Wang Su , Yang Tao , Wan Jianglong , Zhang Yongchao , Fan Yongping 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundDiscovery of specific antibodies against astrocytic water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4), which is produced by plasma cells, in the serum of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) confirmed the pathogenic role of B cells in NMO. C‐X‐C motif ligand 13 (CXCL13) and B‐cell‐activating factor (BAFF) are two crucial factors for antibody production. Relevant studies have focused on the acute phase of NMO. However, CXCL13 and BAFF levels during remission, remain to be elucidated.ObjectiveTo evaluate serum levels of CXCL13 and BAFF in NMO and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients during remission and explore their correlation with immunosuppressive agents and clinical features in NMO.MethodsSerum CXCL13 and BAFF were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in NMO patients, MS patients, and controls.ResultsSerum CXCL13 levels of NMO patients (n = 24) were significantly higher than those of controls (n = 22) (p = .001), but CXCL13 levels of MS patients (n = 20) and controls (n = 22) did not differ significantly (p = .279). Although the three groups showed no differences in serum BAFF levels, serum BAFF levels of NMO patients without immunosuppressive treatment (n = 8) were significantly elevated compared with those of NMO patients with immunosuppressive therapy (n = 16) (p = .003) and controls (n = 22) (p = .024). In NMO patients, CXCL13 levels were correlated with onset age (p = .026) and duration to the last relapse (p = .003).ConclusionDuring remission, serum CXCL13 and BAFF levels have not decreased to normal in NMO patients, and B‐cell‐related autoimmune response persists. Immunosuppressive therapy decreased serum BAFF levels, but did not affect CXCL13 expression.
A Highly Efficient Co3O4 Nanoparticle‐Incorporated Mesoporous Beta Composite as a Synergistic Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zhou Jinling , Ge Tongguang , Cui Xiangzhi , Lv Jian , Guo Hangle , Hua Zile , Shi Jianlin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCost‐efficient and high‐performance oxygen reduction electrocatalysts are widely pursued to boost the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for renewable‐energy technology applications. Here, a novel precious‐metal‐free cathode catalyst, Co3O4 nanoparticle‐incorporated mesoporous Beta zeolite, was first synthesized by using a facile steam‐assisted crystallization (SAC) and hydrothermal approach. Owning to the synergetic catalytic effects between the Co3O4 nanoparticles and the mesoporous Beta matrix, the resulting Co3O4/m‐Beta nanocomposites catalyst showed comparable ORR electrochemical catalytic activity to the benchmark 20 wt% Pt/C catalyst with a high onset potential of 0.88 V, and much higher methanol tolerance with a negligible negative shift of the peak potential and excellent electrochemical stability in alkaline media. The relatively higher surface Co2+ concentration and the abundant Brønsted acid sites facilitate the ORR process, mainly through a 4e− pathway, which makes the Co3O4/m‐Beta nanocomposite a favorable candidate for improving energy storage and conversion efficiencies in fuel cells.