bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiferromagnetic Pyrite as the Tumor Microenvironment‐Mediated Nanoplatform for Self‐Enhanced Tumor Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Tang Zhongmin , Zhang Huilin , Liu Yanyan , Ni Dalong , Zhang Hua , Zhang Jiawen , Yao Zhenwei , He Mingyuan , Shi Jianlin , Bu Wenbo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSeveral decades of research have identified the specific tumor microenvironment (TME) to develop promising nanotheranostics, such as pH‐sensitive imaging, acidity‐sensitive starving therapy, and hydrogen peroxide‐activated chemotherapy, etc. Herein, a novel TME‐mediated nanoplatform employing antiferromagnetic pyrite nanocubes is presented, exploiting the intratumoral, overproduced peroxide for self‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photothermal therapy (PTT)/chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Through the activation of excessive peroxide in the tumor microenvironment, pyrite can lead to in situ surface oxidation and generate hydroxyl radicals to kill tumor cells (i.e., CDT). The increase of the valence state of surface Fe significantly promotes the performance of MRI accompanied by CDT. Furthermore, the localized heat by photothermal treatment can accelerate the intratumoral Fenton process, enabling a synergetic PTT/CDT. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to use the TME‐response valence‐variable strategy based on pyrite for developing a synergetic nanotheranostic, which will open up a new dimension for the design of other TME‐based anticancer strategies.
Wafer‐Scale Synthesis of Reliable High‐Mobility Molybdenum Disulfide Thin Films via Inhibitor‐Utilizing Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Jeon Woojin , Cho Yeonchoo , Jo Sanghyun , Ahn Ji‐Hoon , Jeong Seong‐Jun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA reliable and rapid manufacturing process of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with atomic‐scale thicknesses remains a fundamental challenge toward its successful incorporation into high‐performance nanoelectronics. It is imperative to achieve rapid and scalable production of MoS2 exhibiting high carrier mobility and excellent on/off current ratios simultaneously. Herein, inhibitor‐utilizing atomic layer deposition (iALD) is presented as a novel method to meet these requirements at the wafer scale. The kinetics of the chemisorption of Mo precursors in iALD is governed by the reaction energy and the steric hindrance of inhibitor molecules. By optimizing the inhibition of Mo precursor absorption, the nucleation on the substrate in the initial stage can be spontaneously tailored to produce iALD‐MoS2 thin films with a significantly increased grain size and surface coverage (>620%). Moreover, highly crystalline iALD‐MoS2 thin films, with thicknesses of only a few layers, excellent room temperature mobility (13.9 cm2 V−1 s−1), and on/off ratios (>108), employed as the channel material in field effect transistors on 6″ wafers, are successfully prepared.
Removal of ammonium‐nitrogen from aqueous solution using chitosan‐coated bentonite: Mechanism and effect of operating parameters
Authors: de Luna Mark Daniel G. , Futalan Cybelle M. , Jurado Climaco A. , Colades James I. , Wan Meng‐Wei 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTWastewater containing high concentration of ammonium‐nitrogen (
) is not effectively addressed by biological treatment and when released into water bodies can cause eutrophication. In this study, the removal of
from simulated wastewater using chitosan‐coated bentonite (CCB) was investigated. The effects of
salt used, pH, CCB dosage, agitation rate, and temperature on the removal of
were studied. The highest
removal of 67.5% was attained at the following conditions: initial pH 4.0, CCB dose of 8.0 g, agitation rate of 150 rpm, and temperature of 35 °C. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated two mechanisms:
adsorption onto CCB involving hydrogen bonding with hydroxyl groups (OH) and ion exchange between
and cations present in the interlayer of bentonite. Experimental data follows the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9964) and Koble–Corrigan isotherm (R2 = 0.9705). Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous (ΔG0 < 0), endothermic (ΔH0 > 0) in nature, and leads to an increase in randomness at the solid–solution interface (ΔS0 > 0). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45924.
Building and origin of bio‐based bismaleimide resins with good processability, high thermal, and mechanical properties
Authors: Ge Meiying , Miao Jia‐Tao , Yuan Li , Guan Qingbao , Liang Guozheng , Gu Aijuan 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTBio‐based high performance thermosetting resins have been urgently required by cutting‐edge fields for meeting sustainable development. A new kind of high performance thermosetting resins (BA‐n) with good processability, high thermal resistance, and mechanical properties was developed based on 4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BDM) and renewable bis(5‐allyloxy)‐4‐methoxy‐2‐methylphenyl)methane (ABE) from bio‐based lignin derivative. The effect of the molar ratio of allyl to imide (n) on structures and properties of BA resins were systematically researched. BA‐n resins have much better processability, thermal, and mechanical properties than their petroleum‐based counterparts, 2,2′‐diallylbisphenol A‐modified BDM (BD‐n) resins. Compared with BD‐0.86, the best available bismaleimide (BMI) resin, BA‐0.86 not only has 6 h longer process window and 13.7 °C higher glass transition temperature, but also owns the highest flexural strength and modulus among all bio‐based allyl compound‐modified BMI resins reported. The origin behind these attractive performances of BA resins is revealed by discussing the unique crosslinked structure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45947.
Unique crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene in the presence of l‐isoleucine and its inhibition and promotion mechanism of nucleation
Authors: Peng Xiaoshan , Xin Zhong , Zhao Shicheng , Zhou Shuai , Shi Yaoqi , Ye Chunlin 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTl‐Isoleucine (l‐Ile) was identified as an efficient anti‐nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene (iPP). At 0.08 wt %, l‐Ile could significantly decrease the peak crystallization temperature (Tcp) of iPP by up to 8 °C at a cooling rate of 20 °C/min. Furthermore, l‐Ile exhibited both anti‐nucleation and pro‐nucleation abilities; i.e., a low content of l‐Ile inhibited iPP crystallization, whereas a high content promoted iPP crystallization. The unique crystallization behavior of iPP in the presence of l‐Ile was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy (POM), and rheological measurement. According to POM, a low content of l‐Ile completely dissolved in the iPP melt, whereas a high content of l‐Ile did not. Therefore, a mechanism by which l‐Ile inhibits and promotes the nucleation of iPP was proposed. Dissolving l‐Ile molecules in the iPP melt hindered the homogeneous nucleation of iPP as a “dilution effect”; however, as the content increases, l‐Ile could not be completely dissolved in molten iPP, and the residual crystals of l‐Ile thus provided heterogeneous nucleation sites for iPP and further promoted its crystallization. Experimental evidence from rheology and POM supported this mechanism. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45956.
Querkraftmodell für Bauteile ohne Schubbewehrung unter Druck‐ und Zugbeanspruchung
Authors: Herbrand Martin , Hegger Josef 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTrotz der seit über 100 Jahren währenden Forschungsbemühungen im konstruktiven Betonbau basiert die Bemessung gegen Biegeschubversagen für Bauteile ohne Querkraftbewehrung nach EC2 auf einer empirischen Gleichung. In der jüngeren Vergangenheit wurde deutlich, dass dieser Ansatz insbesondere hinsichtlich des Maßstabseffekts, der Berücksichtigung des einwirkenden Moments und des Größtkorns Defizite aufweist. Außerdem zeigte sich, dass der Ansatz für Bauteile unter Zugbeanspruchung konservativ ist, was z. B. für die Bemessung und Nachrechnung von Betonsilos problematisch ist. Aus diesem Grund wurde im Rahmen der Dissertation des Autors ein mechanisch basierter Ansatz hergeleitet, der die genannten Probleme lösen soll. Der Ansatz basiert auf der Annahme, dass eine konstante Schubspannungsübertragung über einen Biegeriss notwendig ist, um die wesentlichen Gleichgewichtsbedingungen am Betonzahn zu erfüllen. Der Ausfall des hierfür erforderlichen Mechanismus, der Rissverzahnung, ist somit ursächlich für das Biegeschubversagen. Anhand eines Rissverzahnungsgesetzes wurden geschlossene Lösungen für die Biegeschubtragfähigkeit von Stahlbetonbalken unter Berücksichtigung von Normalkräften hergeleitet. Der Vergleich mit Querkraftversuchen aus Datenbanken zeigt, dass die Effekte aus einwirkendem Moment, Maßstab und gleichzeitig wirkenden Zug‐ und Drucknormalkräften zufriedenstellend berücksichtigt werden. Das Bemessungsniveau des Ansatzes wurde anhand von probabilistischen Untersuchungen nach DIN EN 1990 nachgewiesen, womit dieser auch in der Praxis angewendet werden kann.
Erdheim‐Chester Disease with atrial mass and perinephric calcification
Authors: Villatoro‐Villar Michel , Koster Matthew J. 
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical MessageErdheim‐Chester Disease is a multi‐systemic condition characterized by non‐Langerhans histiocytic infiltration. Cardiovascular involvement with pseudotumoral infiltration of the right atrium is present in approximately one‐third of patients and may be asymptomatic. Although retroperitoneal fibrosis is common, perinephric dystrophic calcification has not been previously described.
Water‐Soluble Nanoparticle Receptors Supramolecularly Coded for Acidic Peptides
Authors: Fa Shixin , Zhao Yan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSequence‐specific recognition of peptides is of enormous importance to many chemical and biological applications, but has been difficult to achieve due to the minute differences in the side chains of amino acids. Acidic peptides are known to play important roles in cell growth and gene expression. In this work, we report molecularly imprinted micelles coded with molecular recognition information for the acidic and hydrophobic side chains of acidic peptides. The imprinted receptors could distinguish acidic amino acids from other polar and nonpolar amino acids, with dissociation constants of tens of nanomolar for biologically active peptides containing up to 18 amino acids.
Spin‐Selective, Competitive Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer versus CH2O‐Generation from the CH4/[ReO4]+ Couple at Ambient Conditions
Authors: Zhou Shaodong , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe thermal gas‐phase reactions of [ReO4]+ with methane have been explored by using Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometry complemented by high‐level quantum chemical calculations. Upon reacting with methane, this cluster oxide, having an even‐number of valence electrons, brings about both hydrogen‐atom abstraction (HAT) to generate [ReO4H].+ and the formation of formaldehyde. Mechanistically, HAT occurs on the ground‐state triplet surface, while for the generation of formaldehyde a two‐state reactivity scenario prevails. The branching ratio of these competing processes is affected by the rather inefficient spin‐orbit coupling to bring about the required triplet‐singlet intersystem crossing.
Methyl Fumarate‐Derived Iron Carbonyl Complexes (FumET‐CORMs) as Powerful Anti‐inflammatory Agents
Authors: Bauer Britta , Göderz Anna‐Lena , Braumüller Heidi , Neudörfl Jörg Martin , Röcken Martin , Wieder Thomas , Schmalz Hans‐Günther 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAutoimmune diseases are characterized by dendritic cell (DC)‐driven activation of pro‐inflammatory T cell responses. Therapeutic options for these severe diseases comprise small molecules such as dimethyl fumarate, or “gasotransmitters” such as CO. Herein we describe the synthesis of bifunctional enzyme‐triggered CO‐releasing molecules (ET‐CORMs) that allow the simultaneous intracellular release of both CO and methyl fumarate. Using bone‐marrow‐derived DCs the impressive therapeutic potential of these methyl fumarate‐derived compounds (FumET‐CORMs) is demonstrated by strong inhibition of lipopolysaccharide‐induced pro‐inflammatory signaling pathways and blockade of downstream interleukin‐12 or ‐23 production. The data also show that FumET‐CORMs are able to transform DCs into an anti‐inflammatory phenotype. Thus, these novel compounds have great clinical potential, for example, for the treatment of psoriasis or other inflammatory conditions of the skin.
Solvent‐, Cation‐ and Anion‐Induced Structure Variations in Manganese‐Based TCNQF4Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Electrochemistry and Their Catalytic Properties
Authors: Lu Jinzhen , Abrahams Brendan F. , Elliott Robert W. , Robson Richard , Bond Alan M. , Martin Lisandra L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe reaction of Mn(BF4)2⋅x H2O with (Pr4N)2TCNQF4(TCNQF4=2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane) in a mixture of CH3OH/CH2Cl2gives a 2:3 stoichiometric complex of (Pr4N)2[Mn2(TCNQF4)3(CH3OH)2] (1). If the solvent system used for the crystallisation of1is changed to CH3OH/DMF, then a different product, [Mn(TCNQF4)(DMF)2]⋅(CH3OH)2(2), is obtained. The use of Li2TCNQF4instead of (Pr4N)2TCNQF4leads to the generation of [Mn2(TCNQF4)2(DMF)4]⋅3 DMF (3). An unexpected mixed oxidation state network with a composition of [MnII4MnIII16O10(OH)6(OCH3)24(TCNQF4)2](NO3)2⋅24 CH3OH (4), is formed if Mn(NO3)2⋅x H2O is used in place of Mn(BF4)2⋅x H2O in the reaction that leads to the formation of3. Compounds1–3have been characterised by X‐ray crystallography; FTIR, Raman and UV/Vis spectroscopy; and electrochemistry. Compound4has only been analysed by X‐ray crystallography and vibrational spectroscopy (Raman, FTIR), owing to rapid deterioration of the compound upon exposure to air. These results indicate that relatively minor changes in reaction conditions have the potential to yield products with vastly different structures. Compound1adopts an anionic 2D network with unusual π‐stacked dimers of the TCNQF42−dianion, whereas2and3are composed of similar neutral sheets of [Mn(TCNQF4)(DMF)2]. Interestingly, the solvent has a significant influence on the stacking of the sheets in the structures of2and3. In compound4, clusters with a composition of [MnII4MnIII16O10(OH)6(OCH3)24(CH3OH)4]6+serve as eight‐connecting nodes, whereas TCNQF42−ligands act as four‐connecting nodes in a 3D network that has the same topology as fluorite. Compound3exhibits an exceptionally high super‐catalytic activity for the electron‐transfer reaction between ferricyanide and thiosulfate ions in aqueous media.
Morphology and Electric Properties of Tin Oxide Composite Thin Films Prepared by Sol‐Gel Method
Authors: Li Jian‐Chang , Yuan Hai‐Lin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUndoped and Cu doped SnO2 thin films were fabricated by sol‐gel method. The influence of annealing temperature, Cu doping and the addition of polyethyleneglycol (PEG)/glycerine on the film crystallinity, morphology and electrical properties were investigated. It is shown that annealing temperature can affect the film crystallization by controlling the crystallinity of the film and adhesion between the substrate and the films. Besides, both the Cu doping and PEG/glycerine addition can reduce the cracks quantity on the film. Cu doping can form Cu: SnO2 solid solution which depress the onset of cracks. PEG/glycerine can increase the viscosity of solution which reduces the film drying speed, and thus provides more time for grain recombination and stress release. The conductivity of both the Cu: SnO2 film and films added with PEG/glycerine improved comparing with pure SnO2 film, which can be explained by the formation of oxygen vacancies induced by the Cu substitutional doping and the reduced amounts of cracks due to the additive of PEG/glycerine, respectively. This work may provide some useful information to optimize the SnO2 gas‐sensing devices.
Slack time–based scheduling scheme for live video streaming in P2P network
Authors: Pal Kunwar , Govil Mahesh Chandra , Ahmed Mushtaq 
Published: November 2017

SummaryNowadays, peer‐to‐peer network plays a significant role in data transfer and communication. The past few years have witnessed considerable growth in this area because of its inherent advantages. Peer‐to‐peer live streaming has a significant impact on video transmission over the Internet. Major factors that influence the performance of P2P live streaming are overlay construction and scheduling strategies. Although, a large number of scheduling schemes are developed but none of them is comprehensive enough to provide solutions to live streaming issues. These suffer from substantial delay and low video quality at the receiver side. In this paper, a new start‐up–based selection procedure and slack time–based scheduling scheme is proposed. The start‐up selection procedure defines the start‐up buffer location for new peer, and the scheduling scheme selects both the chunk and peers. The proposed scheduling scheme uses both push and pull priority–based strategies. The simulation results of the proposed approach demonstrates significant improvement in both the network performance and video quality at the receiver side. It is observed that playback delay, startup delay, and end‐to‐end delay in the network are reduced and quality of the video at receiver side is improved as the distortion and frame loss ratio is decreased.
Timing the developmental origins of mammalian limb diversity
Authors: Sears Karen , Maier Jennifer A. , Sadier Alexa , Sorensen Daniel , Urban Daniel J. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryMammals have highly diverse limbs that have contributed to their occupation of almost every niche. Researchers have long been investigating the development of these diverse limbs, with the goals of identifying developmental processes and potential biases that shape mammalian limb diversity. To date, researchers have used techniques ranging from the genomic to the anatomic to investigate the developmental processes shaping the limb morphology of mammals from five orders (Marsupialia, Chiroptera, Rodentia, Cetartiodactyla, and Perissodactyla). Results of these studies suggest that the differential expression of genes controlling diverse cellular processes underlies mammalian limb diversity. Results also suggest that the earliest development of the limb tends to be conserved among mammalian species, while later limb development tends to be more variable. This research has established the mammalian limb as a model system for evolutionary developmental biology, and set the stage for more in‐depth, cross‐disciplinary research into the genetic controls, tissue‐level cellular behaviors, and selective pressures that have driven the developmental evolution of mammalian limbs. Ideally, these studies will be performed in a diverse suite of mammalian species within a comparative, phylogenetic framework.
Spatially varying density dependence drives a shifting mosaic of survival in a recovering apex predator (Canis lupus)
Authors: O'Neil Shawn T. , Bump Joseph K. , Beyer Dean E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnderstanding landscape patterns in mortality risk is crucial for promoting recovery of threatened and endangered species. Humans affect mortality risk in large carnivores such as wolves (Canis lupus), but spatiotemporally varying density dependence can significantly influence the landscape of survival. This potentially occurs when density varies spatially and risk is unevenly distributed. We quantified spatiotemporal sources of variation in survival rates of gray wolves (C. lupus) during a 21‐year period of population recovery in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA. We focused on mapping risk across time using Cox Proportional Hazards (CPH) models with time‐dependent covariates, thus exploring a shifting mosaic of survival. Extended CPH models and time‐dependent covariates revealed influences of seasonality, density dependence and experience, as well as individual‐level factors and landscape predictors of risk. We used results to predict the shifting landscape of risk at the beginning, middle, and end of the wolf recovery time series. Survival rates varied spatially and declined over time. Long‐term change was density‐dependent, with landscape predictors such as agricultural land cover and edge densities contributing negatively to survival. Survival also varied seasonally and depended on individual experience, sex, and resident versus transient status. The shifting landscape of survival suggested that increasing density contributed to greater potential for human conflict and wolf mortality risk. Long‐term spatial variation in key population vital rates is largely unquantified in many threatened, endangered, and recovering species. Variation in risk may indicate potential for source‐sink population dynamics, especially where individuals preemptively occupy suitable territories, which forces new individuals into riskier habitat types as density increases. We encourage managers to explore relationships between adult survival and localized changes in population density. Density‐dependent risk maps can identify increasing conflict areas or potential habitat sinks which may persist due to high recruitment in adjacent habitats.
Multispecies comparisons of adaptability to climate change: A role for life‐history characteristics?
Authors: Saalfeld Sarah T. , Lanctot Richard B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPhenological advancement allows individuals to adapt to climate change by timing life‐history events to the availability of key resources so that individual fitness is maximized. However, different trophic levels may respond to changes in their environment at different rates, potentially leading to a phenological mismatch. This may be especially apparent in the highly seasonal arctic environment that is experiencing the effects of climate change more so than any other region. During a 14‐year study near Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow), Alaska, we estimated phenological advancement in egg laying in relation to snowmelt for eight arctic‐breeding shorebirds and investigated potential linkages to species‐specific life‐history characteristics. We found that snowmelt advanced 0.8 days/year—six times faster than the prior 60‐year period. During this same time, six of the eight species exhibited phenological advancement in laying dates (varying among species from 0.1 to 0.9 days earlier per year), although no species appeared capable of keeping pace with advancing snowmelt. Phenological changes were likely the result of high phenotypic plasticity, as all species investigated in this study showed high interannual variability in lay dates. Commonality among species with similar response rates to timing of snowmelt suggests that nesting later and having an opportunistic settlement strategy may increase the adaptability of some species to changing climate conditions. Other life‐history characteristics, such as migration strategy, previous site experience, and mate fidelity did not influence the ability of individuals to advance laying dates. As a failure to advance egg laying is likely to result in greater phenological mismatch, our study provides an initial assessment of the relative risk of species to long‐term climatic changes.