bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Electrocatalytic Activity of Pt Monolayer Catalysts for Electrooxidation of Methanol, Ethanol and Ammonia by Tailoring the Surface Morphology of the Supporting Core
Authors: Liu Jie , Chen Bin , Ni Zhengyang , Deng Yida , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Wenbin , Zhong Cheng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPt‐monolayer‐decorated Au particles with different surface morphologies were prepared by Au electrodeposition, followed by Cu under‐potential deposition and a Pt replacement reaction. Spherical Au particles with relatively smooth surfaces and flower‐like Au particles consisting of interconnecting thin nanosheets were obtained by controlling the deposition potential and electrolyte concentration. Pt‐monolayer‐decorated flower‐like Au particles exhibit much higher specific activity and stability in the electrooxidation of methanol, ethanol and ammonia compared to Pt‐monolayer‐decorated spherical Au particles. Pt‐monolayer‐decorated flower‐like Au particles also showed better poisoning‐tolerance, especially in the electrooxidation of methanol. The improved electrocatalytic performance is attributed to the high density of catalytically active sites such as surface atomic steps, the edges at sharp tips and edges on the surface of the flower‐like particles, which is revealed by spherical‐aberration‐corrected transmission electron microscopy with atomic resolution.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Morphological Changes of Giant Vesicles by Photoisomerization of a Ruthenium Aqua Complex
Authors: Hirahara Masanari , Tsukamoto Akira , Goto Hiroki , Tada Shigeru , Yagi Masayuki , Umemura Yasushi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractVisible‐ and red‐light responsive vesicles were prepared by incorporating a ruthenium aqua complex having two alkyl chains on tridentate and asymmetrical bidentate ligands (proximal‐2: [Ru(C10tpy)(C10pyqu)OH2]2+, C10tpy=4′‐decyloxy‐2,2′;6′,2“‐terpyridine, C10pyqu=2‐[2′‐(6′‐decyloxy)‐pyridyl]quinoline). The ruthenium complex of proximal‐2 with closed alkyl chain geometry and a cylinder‐like molecular shape exhibited photoisomerization to distal‐2 with an open alkyl chain geometry and a cone‐like shape, both in an aqueous solution and in vesicle dispersions. We observed that light irradiation of giant vesicles containing proximal‐2 induced diverse morphological changes.
A cyclo‐P6 Ligand Complex for the Formation of Planar 2D Layers
Authors: Heindl Claudia , Peresypkina Eugenia V. , Lüdeker David , Brunklaus Gunther , Virovets Alexander V. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe all‐phosphorus analogue of benzene, stabilized as middle deck in triple‐decker complexes, is a promising building block for the formation of graphene‐like sheet structures. The reaction of [(CpMo)2(μ,η6:η6‐P6)] (1) with CuX (X=Br, I) leads to self‐assembly into unprecedented 2D networks of [{(CpMo)2P6}(CuBr)4]n (2) and [{(CpMo)2P6}(CuI)2]n (3). X‐ray structural analyses show a unique deformation of the previously planar cyclo‐P6 ligand. This includes bending of one P atom in an envelope conformation as well as a bisallylic distortion. Despite this, 2 and 3 form planar layers. Both polymers were furthermore analyzed by 31P{1H} magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy, revealing signals corresponding to six non‐equivalent phosphorus sites. A peak assignment is achieved by 2D correlation spectra as well as by DFT chemical shift computations.
Copper‐Mediated [3+2] Annulation of 3‐N‐Hydroxyallylamines with Nitrosoarenes
Authors: Ghorpade Satish , Jadhav Prakash D. , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCu‐mediated annulations of N‐hydroxyallylamines with nitrosoarenes proceed through unprecedented formal [3+2] cycloadditions of N‐hydroxyaminoallyl radicals with nitrosoarenes. Our mechanistic analysis opposes a 5‐endo‐trig cyclization involved in the final ring‐closure step. To manifest the reaction utility, chemical elaborations of resulting isoxazolidinyl products into 2‐ or 3‐substituted quinoline N‐oxides and acyclic 1,3‐diamino‐2‐ols are also described.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Organolithium Reagents with (Hetero)Aryl Electrophiles
Authors: Heijnen Dorus , Gualtierotti Jean‐Baptiste , Hornillos Valentín , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNickel‐catalyzed selective cross‐coupling of aromatic electrophiles (bromides, chlorides, fluorides and methyl ethers) with organolithium reagents is presented. The use of a commercially available nickel N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex allows the reaction with a variety of (hetero)aryllithium compounds, including those prepared via metal‐halogen exchange or direct metallation, whereas a commercially available electron‐rich nickel‐bisphosphine complex smoothly converts alkyllithium species into the corresponding coupled product. These reactions proceed rapidly (1 h) under mild conditions (room temperature) while avoiding the undesired formation of reduced or homocoupled products.
Water‐Stable Homochiral Cluster Organic Frameworks Built by Two Kinds of Large Tetrahedral Cluster Units
Authors: Fang Wei‐Hui , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jian , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCompared with metal organic frameworks (MOFs), the proton conductivity of cluster organic frameworks has been less studied. Herein, two supertetrahedral cluster organic frameworks (SCOFs) have been made that show two‐fold interpenetrated networks built by trivalent lanthanide tetrahedral clusters and monovalent cuprous T3‐supertetrahedral clusters. The structure analysis, second harmonic generation signals, and solid‐state circular dichroism spectroscopy consistently reveal the chirality of these SCOFs. Remarkably, the water‐stable SCOFs show a high proton conductivity value of 1.4×10−3 S cm−1 at 80 °C and 95 % RH (relative humidity).
Environmental Fluctuations and Stochastic Resonance in Protein Folding
Authors: Dave Kapil , Davtyan Aram , Papoian Garegin A. , Gruebele Martin , Platkov Max 
Published: December 2015

AbstractStochastic resonance is a mechanism whereby a weak signal becomes detectable through the addition of noise. It is common in many macroscopic biological phenomena, but here we ask whether it can be observed in a microscopic biological phenomenon, protein folding. We investigate the folding kinetics of the protein VlsE, with a folding relaxation time of about 0.7 seconds at 38 °C in vitro. First we show that the VlsE unfolding/refolding reaction can be driven by a periodic thermal excitation above the reaction threshold. We detect the reaction by fluorescence from FRET labels on VlSE and show that accurate rate coefficients and activation barriers can be obtained from modulated kinetics. Then we weaken the periodic temperature modulation below the reaction threshold, and show that addition of artificial thermal noise speeds up the reaction from an undetectable to a detectable rate. We observe a maximum in the recovered signal as a function of thermal noise, a stochastic resonance. Simulation of a small model‐protein, analysis in an accompanying theory paper, and our experimental result here all show that correlated noise is a physically and chemically plausible mechanism by which cells could modulate biomolecular dynamics during threshold processes such as signaling.
A possible aid in targeted insertion of large DNA elements by CRISPR/Cas in mouse zygotes
Authors: Nakao Harumi , Harada Takeshi , Nakao Kazuki , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Inoue Kenichi , Furuta Yasuhide , Aiba Atsu 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe CRISPR/Cas system has rapidly emerged recently as a new tool for genome engineering, and is expected to allow for controlled manipulation of specific genomic elements in a variety of species. A number of recent studies have reported the use of CRISPR/Cas for gene disruption (knockout) or targeted insertion of foreign DNA elements (knock‐in). Despite the ease of simple gene knockout and small insertions or nucleotide substitutions in mouse zygotes by the CRISPR/Cas system, targeted insertion of large DNA elements remains an apparent challenge. Here the generation of knock‐in mice with successful targeted insertion of large donor DNA elements ranged from 3.0 to 7.1 kb at the ROSA26 locus using the CRISPR/Cas system was achieved. Multiple independent knock‐in founder mice were obtained by injection of hCas9 mRNA/sgRNA/donor vector mixtures into the cytoplasm of C57BL/6N zygotes when the injected zygotes were treated with an inhibitor of actin polymerization, cytochalasin. Successful germ line transmission of three of these knock‐in alleles was also confirmed. The results suggested that treatment of zygotes with actin polymerization inhibitors following microinjection could be a viable method to facilitate targeted insertion of large DNA elements by the CRISPR/Cas system, enabling targeted knock‐in readily attainable in zygotes. genesis 54:65–77, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Obstetric and gynecologic problems associated with eating disorders
Authors: Kimmel M.C. , Ferguson E.H. , Zerwas S. , Bulik C.M. , Meltzer‐Brody S. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis article summarizes the literature on obstetric and gynecologic complications associated with eating disorders.MethodWe performed a comprehensive search of the current literature on obstetric and gynecologic complications associated with eating disorders using PubMed. More recent randomized‐controlled trials and larger data sets received priority. We also chose those that we felt would be the most relevant to providers.ResultsCommon obstetric and gynecologic complications for women with eating disorders include infertility, unplanned pregnancy, miscarriage, poor nutrition during pregnancy, having a baby with small head circumference, postpartum depression and anxiety, sexual dysfunction and complications in the treatment for gynecologic cancers. There are also unique associations by eating disorder diagnosis, such as earlier cessation of breastfeeding in anorexia nervosa; increased polycystic ovarian syndrome in bulimia nervosa; and complications of obesity as a result of binge eating disorder.DiscussionWe focus on possible biological and psychosocial factors underpinning risk for poor obstetric and gynecological outcomes in eating disorders. Understanding these factors may improve both our understanding of the reproductive needs of women with eating disorders and their medical outcomes. We also highlight the importance of building multidisciplinary teams to provide comprehensive care to women with eating disorders during the reproductive years.
Physical activity and post‐treatment weight trajectory in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Gianini Loren M. , Klein Diane A. , Call Christine , Walsh B. Timothy , Wang Yuanjia , Wu Peng , Attia Evelyn 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study compared an objective measurement of physical activity (PA) in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) at low‐weight, weight‐restored, and post‐treatment time points, and also compared PA in AN with that of healthy controls (HC).MethodSixty‐one female inpatients with AN wore a novel accelerometer (the IDEEA) which measured PA at three time points: a) low‐weight, b) weight‐restored, and c) one month post‐hospital discharge. Twenty‐four HCs wore the IDEEA at one time point.ResultsInpatients with AN became more physically active than they were at low‐weight at weight restoration and following treatment discharge. Post‐treatment patients with AN were more physically active than HCs during the day and less active at night, which was primarily accounted for by amount of time spent on feet, including standing and walking. Greater time spent on feet during the weight‐restoration time point of inpatient treatment was associated with more rapid decrease in BMI over the 12 months following treatment discharge. Fidgeting did not differ between patients and controls, did not change with weight restoration, and did not predict post‐treatment weight change.DiscussionUse of a novel accelerometer demonstrated greater PA in AN than in HC. PA following weight restoration in AN, particularly time spent in standing postures, may contribute to weight loss in the year following hospitalization. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:482–489).
Dynamic changes in host–virus interactions associated with colony founding and social environment in fire ant queens (Solenopsis invicta)
Authors: Manfredini Fabio , Shoemaker DeWayne , Grozinger Christina M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe dynamics of host–parasite interactions can change dramatically over the course of a chronic infection as the internal (physiological) and external (environmental) conditions of the host change. When queens of social insects found a colony, they experience changes in both their physiological state (they develop their ovaries and begin laying eggs) and the social environment (they suddenly stop interacting with the other members of the mother colony), making this an excellent model system for examining how these factors interact with chronic infections. We investigated the dynamics of host–viral interactions in queens of Solenopsis invicta (fire ant) as they transition from mating to colony founding/brood rearing to the emergence of the first workers. We examined these dynamics in naturally infected queens in two different social environments, where queens either founded colonies as individuals or as pairs. We hypothesized that stress associated with colony founding plays an important role in the dynamics of host–parasite interactions. We also hypothesized that different viruses have different modalities of interaction with the host that can be quantified by physiological measures and genomic analysis of gene expression in the host. We found that the two most prevalent viruses, SINV‐1 and SINV‐2, are associated with different fitness costs that are mirrored by different patterns of gene expression in the host. In fact SINV‐2, the virus that imposes the significant reduction of a queen's reproductive output is also associated with larger changes of global gene expression in the host. These results show the complexity of interactions between S. invicta and two viral parasites. Our findings also show that chronic infections by viral parasites in insects are dynamic processes that may pose different challenges in the host, laying the groundwork for interesting ecological and evolutionary considerations.
Community dynamics of nematodes after Larsen ice‐shelf collapse in the eastern Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Hauquier Freija , Ballesteros‐Redondo Laura , Gutt Julian , Vanreusel Ann 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFree‐living marine nematode communities of the Larsen B embayment at the eastern Antarctic Peninsula were investigated to provide insights on their response and colonization rate after large‐scale ice‐shelf collapse. This study compares published data on the post‐collapse situation from 2007 with new material from 2011, focusing on two locations in the embayment that showed highly divergent communities in 2007 and that are characterized by a difference in timing of ice‐shelf breakup. Data from 2007 exposed a more diverse community at outer station B.South, dominated by the genus Microlaimus. On the contrary, station B.West in the inner part of Larsen B was poor in both numbers of individuals and genera, with dominance of a single Halomonhystera species. Re‐assessment of the situation in 2011 showed that communities at both stations diverged even more, due to a drastic increase in Halomonhystera at B.West compared to relatively little change at B.South. On a broader geographical scale, it seems that B.South gradually starts resembling other Antarctic shelf communities, although the absence of the genus Sabatieria and the high abundance of Microlaimus still set it apart nine years after the main Larsen B collapse. In contrast, thriving of Halomonhystera at B.West further separates its community from other Antarctic shelf areas.
A limit on the extent to which increased egg size can compensate for a poor postnatal environment revealed experimentally in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides
Authors: Schrader Matthew , Crosby Rachel M. , Hesketh Aimee R. , Jarrett Benjamin J. M. , Kilner Rebecca M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIt is often assumed that there is a positive relationship between egg size and offspring fitness. However, recent studies have suggested that egg size has a greater effect on offspring fitness in low‐quality environments than in high‐quality environments. Such observations suggest that mothers may compensate for poor posthatching environments by increasing egg size. In this paper we test whether there is a limit on the extent to which increased egg size can compensate for the removal of posthatching parental care in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides. Previous experiments with N. vespilloides suggest that an increased egg size can compensate for a relatively poor environment after hatching. Here, we phenotypically engineered female N. vespilloides to produce large or small eggs by varying the amount of time they were allowed to feed on the carcass as larvae. We then tested whether differences between these groups in egg size translated into differences in larval performance in a harsh postnatal environment that excluded parental care. We found that females engineered to produce large eggs did not have higher breeding success, and nor did they produce larger larvae than females engineered to produce small eggs. These results suggest that there is a limit on the extent to which increased maternal investment in egg size can compensate for a poor posthatching environment. We discuss the implication of our results for a recent study showing that experimental N. vespilloides populations can adapt rapidly to the absence of posthatching parental care.
Microenvironmental stresses induce HLA‐E/Qa‐1 surface expression and thereby reduce CD8+ T‐cell recognition of stressed cells
Authors: Sasaki Takanori , Kanaseki Takayuki , Shionoya Yosuke , Tokita Serina , Miyamoto Sho , Saka Eri , Kochin Vitaly , Takasawa Akira , Hirohashi Yoshihiko , Tamura Yasuaki , Miyazaki Akihiro , Torigoe Toshihiko , Hiratsuka Hiroyoshi , Sato Noriyuki 
Published: December 2015

Hypoxia and glucose deprivation are often observed in the microenvironment surrounding solid tumors in vivo. However, how they interfere with MHC class I antigen processing and CD8+ T‐cell responses remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the production of antigenic peptides presented by classical MHC class I in mice, and showed that it is quantitatively decreased in the cells exposed to either hypoxia or glucose deprivation. In addition, we unexpectedly found increased surface expression of HLA‐E in human and Qa‐1 in mouse tumor cells exposed to combined oxygen and glucose deprivation. The induced Qa‐1 on the stressed tumor model interacted with an inhibitory NKG2/CD94 receptor on activated CD8+ T cells and attenuated their specific response to the antigen. Our results thus suggest that microenvironmental stresses modulate not only classical but also nonclassical MHC class I presentation, and confer the stressed cells the capability to escape from the CD8+ T‐cell recognition.
Tuning of stochastic ground motion models for compatibility with ground motion prediction equations
Authors: Vetter Christopher R. , Taflanidis Alexandros A. , Mavroeidis George P. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryStochastic ground motion models can facilitate a versatile description of earthquake acceleration time‐histories by modulating a white‐noise sequence through functions that address spectral and temporal properties of the excitation. This is established by relating the parameters of these functions to earthquake and site characteristics through appropriate predictive relationships. This study focuses on the selection of these predictive relationships to establish direct compatibility to the mean predictions of ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). A record‐based ground motion model is selected as a stochastic ground motion model, and its match to both elastic and inelastic GMPEs is examined. The novel contribution of the present work is that it develops a computationally efficient approach for providing ground motions that can match any chosen GMPE for any desired set of seismicity characteristics or structural periods. Foundation of the methodology is the development of a metamodel to approximate the median predictions of the ground motion model. This is established by selecting a wide range for the parameters of the model, generating ground motions for each of them, and then calculating the median (over different white‐noise sequences) spectral acceleration for different structural periods. Based on this database, a Kriging metamodel is developed to provide an efficient approximation of the predictions of the ground motion model. This metamodel is subsequently used to efficiently select the predictive relationships that optimize the match to the chosen GMPE. The numerical accuracy of the metamodel predictions is also explicitly incorporated in this optimization. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Historically unprecedented erosion from Tropical Storm Irene due to high antecedent precipitation
Authors: Yellen Brian , Woodruff Jonathan D. , Cook Timothy L. , Newton Robert M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLacustrine sediment archives indicate that flooding during Tropical Storm Irene (2011) in the north‐eastern United States caused the most severe erosion of any flood in the historic record, surpassing that of events with greater precipitation and peak discharges. Compared to deposition from historic floods, Irene's event layer was more massive and more enriched in unweathered upland sediments, indicating an anomalously high incidence of mass wasting and sediment entrainment. Precipitation records indicate that neither precipitation intensity nor total accumulation distinguished Irene from less erosive historic floods. However, cumulative precipitation prior to Irene exceeded the 95th percentile of all days in the record. When allowing for non‐stationarity in the twentieth century background precipitation, we find a four‐fold increase in the probability of Irene‐like conditions, where impacts of extreme rainfall are enhanced by high antecedent precipitation. We conclude that irrespective of increases in extreme precipitation, the risk of highly erosive flooding in the region is increasing due to the influence of wetter baseline conditions associated with a changing climate. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.