bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a retrospective diary for peri‐conceptual and mid‐pregnancy drinking in Scotland: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Symon Andrew , Rankin Jean , Butcher Geraldine , Smith Lesley , Cochrane Lynda 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionHeavy episodic (“binge”) drinking among women in Scotland is commonplace; prepregnancy drinking is associated with continued antenatal drinking. Evidence for effectiveness of standardized antenatal alcohol assessment is lacking. Alcohol‐exposed pregnancies may be missed. We assessed peri‐conceptual and mid‐pregnancy consumption using a week‐long retrospective diary and standard alcohol questionnaires, and evaluated the agreement between these instruments.Material and methodsCross‐sectional study in two Scottish health board areas involving 510 women attending mid‐pregnancy ultrasound scan clinics. Face‐to‐face administration of alcohol retrospective diary and AUDIT or AUDIT‐C assessed weekly and daily alcohol consumption levels and patterns. Depression‐Anxiety‐Stress Scale (DASS‐21) assessed maternal wellbeing. A sub‐sample (n = 30) provided hair for alcohol metabolite analysis. Pearson's correlation coefficient investigated associations between questionnaires and alcohol metabolite data.ResultsThe response rate was 73.8%. The retrospective diary correlated moderately with AUDIT‐C and AUDIT but elicited reports of significantly higher peri‐conceptual consumption, (median unit consumption on “drinking days” 6.8; range 0.4–63.8). Additional “special occasions” consumption ranged from 1 to 125 units per week. Correlations between DASS‐21 and retrospective diary were weak. Biomarker analysis identified three instances of hazardous peri‐conceptual drinking.ConclusionsWomen reported higher consumption levels when completing the retrospective diary, especially regarding peri‐conceptual “binge” drinking. Routine clinical practice methods may not capture potentially harmful or irregular drinking patterns. Given the association between prepregnancy and antenatal drinking, and alcohol's known teratogenic effects, particularly in the first trimester, the retrospective diary may be a useful low‐tech tool to gather information on alcohol intake patterns and levels.
Endoresection with adjuvant ruthenium brachytherapy for selected uveal melanoma patients – the Tuebingen experience
Authors: Süsskind Daniela , Dürr Carina , Paulsen Frank , Kaulich Theodor , Bartz‐Schmidt Karl U. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the treatment of selected patients with uveal melanoma with endoresection and adjuvant ruthenium brachytherapy.MethodsThirty‐five patients with uveal melanoma not suitable for ruthenium plaque monotherapy were treated with endoresection and adjuvant ruthenium brachytherapy between January 2001 and October 2013. Recurrence‐free survival, globe retention, course of visual acuity (VA), occurrence of therapy‐related complications and metastasis‐free and overall survival were analysed retrospectively.ResultsEight patients (22.9%) had a tumour recurrence after a median follow‐up of 49.5 months (range: 21–134 months). Enucleation was necessary in eight patients. Thirty‐two patients (91%) had a loss of VA with a median loss of nine lines (range: 0 to −39 lines); VA was stable in three patients and no patients had a gain in VA. Four patients (11.4%) developed radiation retinopathy. Metastases were detected in seven patients (20.0%) during follow‐up. The occurrence of metastasis was significantly associated with monosomy 3 (p < 0.0001). Twenty‐four patients (68.6%) were alive at the end of follow‐up. Five patients (14.3%) died because of uveal melanoma (UM) metastasis.ConclusionsEndoresection with adjuvant ruthenium brachytherapy is an option for selected patients with UM who cannot be treated with brachytherapy as monotherapy. About two‐thirds of eyes can be retained long term without recurrences. Visual acuity cannot be maintained in most cases, and may even decrease considerably. Radiation complications are comparatively rare and not a significant problem.
So It Is, So It Shall Be: Group Regularities License Children's Prescriptive Judgments
Authors: Roberts Steven O. , Gelman Susan A. , Ho Arnold K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWhen do descriptive regularities (what characteristics individuals have) become prescriptive norms (what characteristics individuals should have)? We examined children's (4–13 years) and adults' use of group regularities to make prescriptive judgments, employing novel groups (Hibbles and Glerks) that engaged in morally neutral behaviors (e.g., eating different kinds of berries). Participants were introduced to conforming or non‐conforming individuals (e.g., a Hibble who ate berries more typical of a Glerk). Children negatively evaluated non‐conformity, with negative evaluations declining with age (Study 1). These effects were replicable across competitive and cooperative intergroup contexts (Study 2) and stemmed from reasoning about group regularities rather than reasoning about individual regularities (Study 3). These data provide new insights into children's group concepts and have important implications for understanding the development of stereotyping and norm enforcement.
Prophylactic rectal indomethacin may be ineffective for preventing post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in general patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Feng Yunlu , Navaneethan Udayakumar , Zhu Xiang , Varadarajulu Shyam , Schwartz Ingrid , Hawes Robert , Hasan Muhammad , Yang Aiming 
Published: December 2016

Background and AimEfficacy of prophylactic indomethacin for prevention of post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) in general patients remains controversial. To address this, we conducted a meta‐analysis of clinical trials specifically on rectal indomethacin in prevention of PEP in consecutive patients undergoing ERCP.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases to identify randomized, double‐blind, controlled clinical trials on rectal indomethacin in the prevention of PEP in consecutive patients undergoing ERCP. Primary outcome was the overall rate of PEP. Secondary outcomes were the overall rates of moderate to severe PEP and mild PEP.ResultsSix studies, with a total of 2473 patients, were included. Overall rate of PEP was 7% (95% CI, 6–9%). No statistical difference was observed in overall rates of PEP (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.46–1.00, P = 0.050) and, additionally, rates of moderate to severe (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.28–1.56, P = 0.345) or mild (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.45–1.10, P = 0.127) PEP between indomethacin and placebo.ConclusionIn a contemporary meta‐analysis of available randomized controlled trials of consecutive patients undergoing ERCP, rectal indomethacin did not show significant prevention effect of post‐ERCP pancreatitis.
Measurements of Rare Earth Element and Other Element Mass Fractions in Environmental Reference Materials (NIST SRM 1646a, NIST SRM 1400, IAEA‐395 and IAEA‐450) by INAA, ICP‐AES and ICP‐MS
Authors: Cao Vu Dong , Sucgang Raymond , Tran Thien Quang , Ho Doanh Van , Shirai Naoki , Ebihara Mitsuru 
Published: December 2016

INAA, ICP‐AES and ICP‐MS were used to elementally characterise four environmental reference materials – NIST SRM 1646a (Estuarine Sediment), NIST SRM 1400 (Bone Ash), IAEA‐395 (Urban Dust) and IAEA‐450 (Algae). An analytical scheme consisting of the three methods was first applied to NIST SRM 1646a to validate the methodology because it has been extensively analysed and has certified values for many elements. With repeated analyses of NIST SRM 1646a, the accuracy and measurement repeatability of the data obtained were evaluated based on two statistical calculations (zeta‐score and Horwitz ratio) and were observed to be good enough for the analytical scheme to be applied to similar sorts of environmental/geochemical samples. Applying the same approach to NIST SRM 1400, IAEA‐395 and IAEA‐450, enabled mass fractions of 29, 38 and 28 elements to be determined, respectively. Among these results, the data for rare earth elements are of particular interest, not only for IAEA‐450 but also for the other three reference samples. The data for Pr, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm in NIST SRM 1646a are newly reported in this study. By using small test portions (< 100 mg) for NIST SRM 1646a and IAEA‐395, and recommended minimum amounts for NIST SRM 1400 and IAEA‐450, sample homogeneity was evaluated.
Clinical characteristics of testicular germ cell tumors in patients aged 50 years and older: A large‐scale study from the Cancer Registration Committee of the Japanese Urological Association
Authors: Kawai Taketo , Tanaka Yoshinori ,   the Cancer Registration Committee of the Japanese Urological Association
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the characteristics of testicular germ cell tumors in older patients.MethodsA testicular cancer survey was carried out by the Japanese Urological Association in 2011 to register the testicular cancers diagnosed in 2005 and 2008. The survey included age, presenting symptoms, physical examination findings, tumor markers, histopathology, clinical stage, treatment and clinical outcomes. These factors were compared between patients aged ≥50 years and those aged <50 years at diagnosis.ResultsOf the 1119 cases of primary testicular germ cell tumors, 123 (11.0%) were diagnosed at age ≥50 years. Compared with patients aged <50 years, germ cell tumors in older patients were more frequently seminomas (74.8% vs 61.4%, P = 0.004) and clinical stage I at diagnosis (79.5% vs 70.7%, P = 0.041). Metastatic germ cell tumors in patients aged ≥50 years were more frequently classified into the good prognosis group according to the International Germ Cell Consensus Classification compared with those in younger patients (84.0% vs 53.8%, P = 0.003). Nevertheless, cancer‐specific survival of patients aged ≥50 years was not superior to that of younger patients (4‐year survival rates; 93.7% vs 97.8%).ConclusionsTesticular germ cell tumors in patients aged ≥50 years are more commonly seminomas, and tend to be diagnosed at earlier stages compared with younger patients; however, the prognosis of older patients is not favorable compared with that of younger patients.
Cryotherapy for localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia: preliminary findings on two cases
Authors: Nogueira Vinícius Krieger Costa , Fernandes Darcy , Navarro Cláudia Maria , Giro Elisa Maria Aparecida , de Almeida Luciana Yamamoto , León Jorge Esquiche , Bufalino Andreia 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundLocalized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia (LJSGH) is a distinct subtype of inflammatory gingival hyperplasia that shows lack of response to traditional periodontal treatment, and after surgical excision, recurrence rate of 6–16% has been reported.Case ReportTwo girls (11‐ and 9‐year‐old) with multifocal red patches along the maxillary and mandibular labial gingiva showed no regression of the lesions after basic periodontal treatment. Surgical excision of focal lesion in each case was performed, which showed typical features of LJSGH. In both cases, the lesions presented recurrence. Hence, cryotherapy sessions in all lesions were performed.ConclusionCryotherapy appears to be successfully in LJSGH and well received by paediatric patients.
Passionate Experiences in Adolescence: Situational Variability and Long‐Term Stability
Authors: Moeller Julia , Dietrich Julia , Eccles Jacquelynne S. , Schneider Barbara 
Published: December 2016

This study investigates adolescents' situational passionate experiences, defined as states of strong commitment and intense affect. We examine the extent to which experiencing passion was specific to situations versus individual differences, and explore which activities are likely to elicit adolescents' passion. Using longitudinal experience sampling method (ESM) data from a representative sample of 996 adolescents (54.6% females) in three cohorts (6th, 8th, and 10th grade at baseline), we examine whether adolescents' frequency of passionate experiences remained stable across 2 years. Results of multilevel analyses revealed that situational determinants accounted for 80% of variance in passion, while 20% were due to characteristics of the person that remained stable across 1 week of ESM assessment. An adolescent's percentage of passionate experiences among all observed experiences remained stable across 2 years in rank order and mean level.
Effect of Cranberry Extract on the Frequency of Bacteriuria in Dogs with Acute Thoracolumbar Disk Herniation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Olby N.J. , Vaden S.L. , Williams K. , Griffith E.H. , Harris T. , Mariani C.L. , Muñana K.R. , Early P.J. , Platt S.R. , Boozer L. , Giovanella C. , Longshore R. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundDogs with spinal cord injury are at increased risk of developing bacteriuria due to increased residual urine volume. Cranberry extract inhibits binding of E. coli to uroepithelial cells, potentially reducing risk of bacteriuria.HypothesisCranberry extract reduces risk of bacteriuria in dogs after acute TL‐IVDH.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs with acute onset TL‐IVDH causing nonambulatory status.MethodsRandomized, placebo‐controlled, blinded, prospective clinical trial. Dogs with acute TL‐IVDH were recruited 48 hours postoperatively and randomized to receive cranberry extract or placebo in a masked fashion. Urine cultures and neurological examinations were performed 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively. The number of dogs with bacteriuria (all bacterial species) and bacteriuria (E. coli) were primary and secondary outcome measures and were evaluated using chi‐squared test. Urine antiadhesion activity (AAA) was measured in a subset (N = 47) and examined in a secondary analysis evaluating additional risk factors for bacteriuria.ResultsBacteriuria was detected 17 times in 94 dogs (6 placebo, 11 cranberry, P = .12). There were 7 E. coli. positive cultures (1 placebo, 6 cranberry, P = .09). Dogs in both groups had positive urine AAA (14/21: placebo, 16/26: cranberry), and dogs with urine AAA had significantly fewer E. coli positive cultures (n = 1) than dogs without it (n = 4) (P = .047).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis clinical trial did not show a benefit of oral cranberry extract but had low power. Cranberry extract supplementation did not impact urine AAA, but a possible association between urine AAA and lower risk of E. coli bacteriuria was identified. Other doses could be investigated.
Demographic history of the trace metal hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens (J. Presl and C. Presl) F. K. Mey. in Western Europe
Authors: Gonneau Cédric , Noret Nausicaa , Godé Cécile , Frérot Hélène , Sirguey Catherine , Sterckeman Thibault , Pauwels Maxime 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNoccaea caerulescens (Brassicaceae) is a major pseudometallophyte model for the investigation of the genetics and evolution of metal hyperaccumulation in plants. We studied the population genetics and demographic history of this species to advance the understanding of among‐population differences in metal hyperaccumulation and tolerance abilities. Sampling of seven to 30 plants was carried out in 62 sites in Western Europe. Genotyping was carried out using a combination of new chloroplast and nuclear neutral markers. A strong genetic structure was detected, allowing the definition of three genetic subunits. Subunits showed a good geographic coherence. Accordingly, distant metallicolous populations generally belonged to distinct subunits. Approximate Bayesian computation analysis of demographic scenarios among subunits further supported a primary isolation of populations from the southern Massif Central prior to last glacial maximum, whereas northern populations may have derived during postglacial recolonization events. Estimated divergence times among subunits were rather recent in comparison with the species history, but certainly before the establishment of anthropogenic metalliferous sites. Our results suggest that the large‐scale genetic structure of N. caerulescens populations pre‐existed to the local adaptation to metalliferous sites. The population structure of quantitative variation for metal‐related adaptive traits must have established independently in isolated gene pools. However, features of the most divergent genetic unit (e.g. extreme levels of Cd accumulation observed in previous studies) question the putative relationships between adaptive evolution of metal‐related traits and subunits isolation. Finally, admixture signals among distant metallicolous populations suggest a putative role of human activities in facilitating long‐distance genetic exchanges.
Multiple processes drive genetic structure of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) populations across spatial scales
Authors: Kershaw Francine , Carvalho Inês , Loo Jacqueline , Pomilla Cristina , Best Peter B. , Findlay Ken P. , Cerchio Salvatore , Collins Tim , Engel Marcia H. , Minton Gianna , Ersts Peter , Barendse Jaco , Kotze P. G. H. , Razafindrakoto Yvette , Ngouessono Solange , Meÿer Michael , Thornton Meredith , Rosenbaum Howard C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractElucidating patterns of population structure for species with complex life histories, and disentangling the processes driving such patterns, remains a significant analytical challenge. Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) populations display complex genetic structures that have not been fully resolved at all spatial scales. We generated a data set of nuclear markers for 3575 samples spanning the seven breeding stocks and substocks found in the South Atlantic and western and northern Indian Oceans. For the total sample, and males and females separately, we assessed genetic diversity, tested for genetic differentiation between putative populations and isolation by distance, estimated the number of genetic clusters without a priori population information and estimated rates of gene flow using maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian approaches. At the ocean basin scale, structure is governed by geographical distance (IBD P < 0.05) and female fidelity to breeding areas, in line with current understanding of the drivers of broadscale population structure. Consistent with previous studies, the Arabian Sea breeding stock was highly genetically differentiated (FST 0.034–0.161; P < 0.01 for all comparisons). However, the breeding stock boundary between west South Africa and east Africa was more porous than expected based on genetic differentiation, cluster and geneflow analyses. Instances of male fidelity to breeding areas and relatively high rates of dispersal for females were also observed between the three substocks in the western Indian Ocean. The relationships between demographic units and current management boundaries may have ramifications for assessments of the status and continued protections of populations still in recovery from commercial whaling.
Mitochondrial genotype and phenotypic plasticity of gene expression in response to cold acclimation in killifish
Authors: Healy Timothy M. , Bryant Heather J. , Schulte Patricia M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAdjustments of aerobic metabolic processes are critical components of organismal responses to environmental change that require tight coordination between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Intraspecific differences in mitochondrial genotype can affect gene transcription in both genomes. Thus, variation in mitochondrial genotype may be associated with differences in the plasticity of gene expression when organisms are faced with changes in environmental conditions. Cold acclimation is known to result in metabolic responses involving increases in mitochondrial amount and capacity, suggesting that low temperatures may pose a particular challenge when coordinating the functions of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. In this study, we utilized RNA‐seq to assess transcriptome‐wide gene expression in the muscle of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a population that contains segregating variation in mitochondrial genotype. We examined gene expression plasticity in response to 5 °C acclimation and the effects of mitochondrial genotype on this plasticity. Cold acclimation resulted in changes in gene expression consistent with up‐regulation of genes involved in many cellular functions, including spliceosomal and proteasomal processes, and with down‐regulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix, muscle contraction and oxidative phosphorylation functions. There were few differences in gene expression between killifish with different mitochondrial genotypes: 14 genes demonstrated significant interactions between mitochondrial genotype and acclimation temperature and three genes demonstrated effects of mitochondrial genotype alone. These results indicate that variation in mitochondrial genotype has modest effects on gene expression; the majority of which are revealed as differences in plasticity as a result of environmental change.
The genetic architecture of tristyly and its breakdown to self‐fertilization
Authors: Arunkumar Ramesh , Wang Wei , Wright Stephen I. , Barrett Spencer C. H. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe floral polymorphism tristyly involves three style morphs with a reciprocal arrangement of stigma and anther heights governed by two diallelic loci (S and M). Tristyly functions to promote cross‐pollination, but modifications to stamen position commonly cause transitions to selfing. Here, we integrate whole‐genome sequencing and genetic mapping to investigate the genetic architecture of the M locus and the genetic basis of independent transitions to selfing in tristylous Eichhornia paniculata. We crossed independently derived semi‐homostylous selfing variants of the long‐ and mid‐styled morph fixed for alternate alleles at the M locus (ssmm and ssMM, respectively), and backcrossed the F1 to the parental ssmm genotype. We phenotyped and genotyped 462 backcross progeny using 1450 genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) markers and performed composite interval mapping to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) governing style‐length and anther‐height variation. A QTL associated with the primary style‐morph differences (style length and anther height) mapped to linkage group 5 and spanned ~13–27.5 Mbp of assembled sequence. Bulk segregant analysis identified 334 genes containing SNPs potentially linked to the M locus. The stamen modifications characterizing each selfing variant were governed by loci on different linkage groups. Our results provide an important step towards identifying the M locus and demonstrate that transitions to selfing have originated by independent sets of mating‐system modifier genes unlinked to the M locus, a pattern inconsistent with a recombinational origin of selfing variants at a putative supergene.