bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient characteristics of induced polarization in inhomogeneous media (from results of 2D numerical simulation)
Authors: Gurin G.V. , Tarasov A.V. , Il’in Yu.T. , Titov K.V. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This paper presents the results of 2D mathematical modeling of induced polarization (IP) in the cases of profiling and electrical tomography for piecewise homogeneous media containing ore bodies with different structures, sizes, depths, relaxation times, chargeability, and electrical resistivity. The standard and spectral approaches to data analysis are compared. The cases where analysis of transient IP characteristics yields new information of practical importance are considered. The main features of transient IP characteristics in 2D inhomogeneous media are determined from the modeling results. Analysis of transient IP characteristics is found to yield the best results when the depth of occurrence of polarizable bodies is minimal and their electrical conductivity is an order of magnitude lower than that of the host tock.
What to do when a patient wants to record a patient-physician interaction in the emergency department
Authors: Nolan Brodie , Ackery Alun , Au Bryan 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTRecent technological advances allow for instantaneous high quality video and audio recordings with the touch of a button. In Canada, patient privacy is highly regulated by provincial legislation, although patients themselves have little in the way of laws or regulations to observe. Patients taking video recordings of their own medical care does not currently fall under any of the provincial privacy laws. With no such governance for the general public, patients generally have greater freedom to record a patient-physician interaction. Unfortunately, there are no official policies from the provincial physician colleges regarding how best to proceed in these circumstances. Therefore, the onus is on individual hospitals and emergency departments (EDs) to develop their own policy on video recordings. A policy should ideally cover possible recording devices, locations, staff involved, and mandate that a written consent form be included with the patient’s chart. While every request should be considered individually, physicians should generally not feel compelled to agree to the patient recording the clinical encounter. Patients are legally allowed to record a patient-physician interaction without consent of their physician, because the patient can provide the “one-party consent” for the conversation to be recorded. Physicians should accept the possibility that they are being recorded at all times and should strive to communicate as clearly and effectively as possible. Physicians should strive to provide the same level of care that they would even if they were not being recorded, and not let it interfere with their clinical decision-making.
Research capacity strengthening in South Asia: based on the experience of South Asian Hub for Advocacy, Research and Education on Mental Health (SHARE)
Authors: Sharma M. , Razzaque B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe South Asian Hub for Advocacy, Research and Education (SHARE) was a five-year National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded program that aimed to stimulate the research base for task-shifting mental health interventions to address the mental health treatment gap in low and middle-income countries. During its 5 years (2011–2016) SHARE made notable accomplishments, including providing 20 studentships for short courses and ten fellowships to conduct mentored study, developing a new humanitarian research training course, implementing distance learning courses, creating an online repository of training materials, creation of a network of public health researchers at different career stages in South Asia, strengthening of partnerships amongst institutions of SHARE network and supporting its member's to produce peer reviewed publications. Furthermore, additional research capacity building and research grants leveraged on SHARE network were secured. The salient lessons learned in the 5-year program were that research capacity-building opportunities need to be tailored to the local context, as SHARE sought to develop and support courses that can build the capacities in specific areas identified as weak in the South Asian region. Mentoring was recognized as a critical component for which innovative and effective models of mentoring in the region need to be developed. Diverse platforms and mediums ought to be utilized to deliver the research training programs. Finally, research capacity-building program requires collaborative efforts of multiple stakeholders working locally, nationally and globally to attain the maximum impact in a region.
The Politics of Judicial Appointment: Do Party Connections Impede the Appointment of Women to Canada's Federally Appointed Courts?
Authors: Crandall Erin , Lawlor Andrea 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe influence of party connection on the selection of judges has long been an issue in Canada This article considers whether such connections adversely affect the appointment of women judges to federally appointed courts. The answer appears to be yes. Using political donations as a proxy for party connection, the data analyzed here suggest that as the number of appointees with connections to the government rises, the number of women appointees falls. However, for appointments to provincial courts by the government of Ontario, the prevalence of political connections among judicial appointees is less prominent, suggesting that different systems of judicial appointment may help to lessen these effects.
Using foresight to prioritise the present
Authors: Bulley Adam , Pepper Gillian , Suddendorf Thomas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPlanning for the future may encourage apparently “impulsive” behaviour when the future is anticipated to be bleak. Thus, a seeming failure of self-control in reactive violence could be caused not by a disinclination to plan ahead, but by virtue of this ability. Furthermore, we point to empirical and theoretical shortcomings in the authors' case, such as a failure to distinguish proximate and ultimate explanations.
A climate of confusion
Authors: Campbell Anne 
Published: May 2017

AbstractI identify two confusions and omissions in the target article. Confusion arises from failure to distinguish between a genetically transmitted adaptation and a conditional response to the environment, and from the elision of individual and societal adaptations. Despite points of similarity, there is no mention of Rushton's controversial theory of the climatic basis of race differences in violent crime. Sex differences are also ignored.
CLASH's life history foundations
Authors: Frankenhuis Willem E. , Fenneman Jesse , van Gelder Jean-Louis , Godoy Irene 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe recommend extending CLASH by incorporating two evolutionary accounts of the shift toward fast life histories under harsh, unpredictable conditions. These accounts, if integrated with CLASH, make different predictions about the distributions of aggression and violence within and between societies. We discuss these predictions and propose ways of testing them.
The CLASH model in broader life history context
Authors: Simpson Jeffry A. , Griskevicius Vladas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this commentary, we address two questions: (1) Is the drive in many young men to gain status and amass resources, which frequently entails direct competition with members of outgroups, one of the key variables underlying the CLASH model? (2) Why is there so much variation in reactive aggression/violence between people living in the same environment?
Stuck in the heat or stuck in the hierarchy? Power relations explain regional variations in violence
Authors: Weick Mario , Vasiljevic Milica , Uskul Ayse K. , Moon Chanki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe contend that an ecological account of violence and aggression requires consideration of societal and cultural settings. Focusing on hierarchical relations, we argue countries with higher (vs. lower) power distance are, on average, located closer to the equator, have more challenging climates (e.g., higher temperature; lower temperature variation), and have a greater prevalence of violence and aggression (e.g., higher homicide rates).
Where the psychological adaptations hit the ecological road
Authors: Jonason Peter K. , Schmitt David P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe argue that the target authors focus too much on adaptive behavioralresponsesand not enough on actual psychologicaladaptations. We suggest the Dark Triad traits may represent facultative, psychological adaptations sensitive to seasonal variance and food shortages. We document that shorter distances from the equator are linked to higher national narcissism levels, whereas longer distances are associated with higher national-level machiavellianism. Dark Triad traits may serve as critical survival mechanisms when prioritizing oneself over and/or at the cost of others.
Inconsistent with the data: Support for the CLASH model depends on the wrong kind of latitude
Authors: Burke Darren , Sulikowski Danielle , Stephen Ian , Brooks Robert 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe argue that the CLASH model makes a number of questionable assumptions about the harshness and unpredictability of low-latitude environments, calling into question the life history strategy approach used, and that it is inconsistent with more nuanced global patterns of violence. We suggest an alternative account for less violence at high latitudes, based on a greater need for cooperation.
Eating and body image: Does food insecurity make us feel thinner?
Authors: Ambroziak Klaudia B. , Azañón Elena , Longo Matthew R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBody image distortions are common in healthy individuals and a central aspect of serious clinical conditions, such as eating disorders. This commentary explores the potential implications of body image and its distortions for the insurance hypothesis. In particular, we speculate that body image may be an intervening variable mediating the relationship between perceived food scarcity and eating behavior.
Expanding the insurance hypothesis of obesity with physiological cues
Authors: Blackwell Aaron D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFood insecurity relates to fat storage, but cannot explain fat storage in excess of levels optimal for buffering – that is, obesity. However, factors related to food unpredictability in the past, including stress, disease, micronutrient content of food, and physical activity, may cue physiological processes that change intake or fat deposition even in the absence of actual food unpredictability.
Preposition accuracy on a sentence repetition task in school age Spanish–English bilinguals
Authors: TALIANCICH-KLINGER CASEY L. , BEDORE LISA M. , PEÑA ELIZABETH D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPreposition knowledge is important for academic success. The goal of this project was to examine how different variables such as English input and output, Spanish preposition score, mother education level, and age of English exposure (AoEE) may have played a role in children's preposition knowledge in English. 148 Spanish–English children between 7;0 and 9;11 produced prepositions in English and Spanish on a sentence repetition task from an experimental version of the Bilingual English Spanish Assessment Middle Extension (Peña, Bedore, Gutierrez-Clellen, Iglesias & Goldstein, in development). English input and output accounted for most of the variance in English preposition score. The importance of language-specific experiences in the development of prepositions is discussed. Competition for selection of appropriate prepositions in English and Spanish is discussed as potentially influencing low overall preposition scores in English and Spanish.
Social–ecological predictors of externalizing behavior trajectories in at-risk youth
Authors: Figge Caleb J. , Martinez-Torteya Cecilia , Weeks Jessica E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractExtant research consistently links youth externalizing problems and later maladaptive outcomes, and these behaviors are particularly detrimental given their relative stability across development. Although an array of risk and protective factors for externalizing problems have been identified, few studies have examined factors reflecting the multiple social–ecological levels that influence child development and used them to predict longitudinal trajectories of externalizing problems. The current study examined externalizing behavior trajectories in a sample of 1,094 at-risk youth (539 boys, 555 girls) from the Longitudinal Studies in Child Abuse and Neglect multisite longitudinal study of child maltreatment. Normed Child Behavior Checklist externalizing scores were used to estimate group trajectories via growth-based trajectory modeling at ages 10, 12, 14, and 16 using the SAS PROC TRAJ procedure. Model fit was assessed using the Bayes information criterion and the Akaike information criterion statistics. Analyses revealed optimal fit for five distinct behavioral trajectories: low stable, mid-increasing, mid-decreasing, medium high, and high stable. Multinomial logistic regressions revealed that a combination of risk and protective factors at individual, family, school, and neighborhood levels contribute to distinct trajectories of externalizing problems over time. Predictors of low and decreasing trajectories can inform interventions aimed at addressing externalizing problems among high-risk adolescents.
The Scope of Intention: Action, Conduct, and Responsibility
Authors: Audi Robert 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntention takes various forms. Must its objects be acts or activities? How much can be encompassed in the content of a single intention? Can intentions can have the content: to A for R, where ‘A’ ranges over act-types and ‘R’ over reasons for action, for instance to keep my promise? The question is particularly important on the widely accepted assumption that, for concrete actions (act-tokens) that are rational and have moral worth, both their rationality and their moral worth depend on the reason(s) for which they are performed. If intentions can have content of the form of ‘to A for R’, should we conclude that (contrary to the position of many philosophers) we have direct voluntary control of the reason(s) for which we act? If intentions cannot have such content, how can we intend to do, not just what we ought to do, but to do it with ‘moral worth’? This question is also raised by the idea that we can be commanded to treat others as ends in themselves – which presumably has moral worth. If the commandable is intendable, then, to understand commands and other directives, we need a theory of the scope of intention. This paper explores kinds and objects of intention, outlines an account of its scope, and brings out some implications of the account for moral responsibility.
The effects of supportive care interventions on depressive symptoms among patients with lung cancer: A metaanalysis of randomized controlled studies
Authors: Hsieh Chia-Chen , Hsiao Fei-Hsiu 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:Our aim was to examine the effect of supportive care interventions on depressive symptoms in patients with lung cancer.Method:We searched the databases of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Ovid EMBASE, PubMed, and the Chinese Electronic Periodical Services (CEPS) from their inception until September of 2015. We included randomized controlled trial studies that compared standard care with supportive care interventions. The standardized mean difference (SMD) (Cohen's d) was calculated to estimate the effect of interventions. Subgroup analysis was conducted to identify possible sources of heterogeneity.Results:A total of 1,472 patients with lung cancer were identified. Compared with standard care, the overall effects of all supportive care interventions significantly reduced depressive symptoms (SMD = –0.74, CI95% = –1.07 to –0.41), and the effects could be maintained at weeks 4, 8, and 12 of follow-up. Three types of supportive care interventions were identified: psychotherapy combined with psychoeducation, psychoeducation alone, and an exercise program. Both psychotherapy combined with psychoeducation and exercise significantly improved depressive symptoms, while psychoeducation alone did not yield significant effects. The moderating effects indicated that greater improvements in depressive symptoms were found in lung cancer patients with a severe level of depressive symptoms at baseline.Significance of results:Personalized supportive care interventions can be developed based on the main causes of depressive symptoms. Psychotherapy combined with psychoeducation can target the causes of depressive symptoms, including both physical distress and psychological trauma due to lung cancer, while exercise programs can effectively improve depressive symptoms for lung cancer patients with impaired respiratory function.
A single-walker approach for studying quasi-nonergodic systems
Authors: Rimas Zilvinas , Taraskin Sergei N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe jump-walking Monte-Carlo algorithm is revisited and updated to study the equilibrium properties of systems exhibiting quasi-nonergodicity. It is designed for a single processing thread as opposed to currently predominant algorithms for large parallel processing systems. The updated algorithm is tested on the Ising model and applied to the lattice-gas model for sorption in aerogel at low temperatures, when dynamics of the system is critically slowed down. It is demonstrated that the updated jump-walking simulations are able to produce equilibrium isotherms which are typically hidden by the hysteresis effect characteristic of the standard single-flip simulations.
Enhancing the genome editing toolbox: genome wide CRISPR arrayed libraries
Authors: Metzakopian Emmanouil , Strong Alex , Iyer Vivek , Hodgkins Alex , Tzelepis Konstantinos , Antunes Liliana , Friedrich Mathias J , Kang Qiaohua , Davidson Teresa , Lamberth Jacob , Hoffmann Christina , Davis Gregory D. , Vassiliou George S. , Skarnes William C. , Bradley Allan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCRISPR-Cas9 technology has accelerated biological research becoming routine for many laboratories. It is rapidly replacing conventional gene editing techniques and has high utility for both genome-wide and gene-focussed applications. Here we present the first individually cloned CRISPR-Cas9 genome wide arrayed sgRNA libraries covering 17,166 human and 20,430 mouse genes at a complexity of 34,332 sgRNAs for human and 40,860 sgRNAs for the mouse genome. For flexibility in generating stable cell lines the sgRNAs have been cloned in a lentivirus backbone containing PiggyBac transposase recognition elements together with fluorescent and drug selection markers. Over 95% of tested sgRNA induced specific DNA cleavage as measured by CEL-1 assays. Furthermore, sgRNA targeting GPI anchor protein pathway genes induced loss of function mutations in human and mouse cell lines measured by FLAER labelling. These arrayed libraries offer the prospect for performing screens on individual genes, combinations as well as larger gene sets. They also facilitate rapid deconvolution of signals from genome-wide screens. This set of vectors provide an organized comprehensive gene editing toolbox of considerable scientific value.
Characterization of two distant double-slits by chaotic light second-order interference
Authors: D’Angelo Milena , Mazzilli Aldo , Pepe Francesco V. , Garuccio Augusto , Tamma Vincenzo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present the experimental characterization of two distant double-slit masks illuminated by chaotic light, in the absence of first-order imaging and interference. The scheme exploits second-order interference of light propagating through two indistinguishable pairs of disjoint optical paths passing through the masks of interest. The proposed technique leads to a deeper understanding of biphoton interference and coherence, and opens the way to the development of novel schemes for retrieving information on the relative position and the spatial structure of distant objects, which is of interest in remote sensing, biomedical imaging, as well as monitoring of laser ablation, when first-order imaging and interference are not feasible.
Recent changes in daily climate extremes in an arid mountain region, a case study in northwestern China’s Qilian Mountains
Authors: Lin Pengfei , He Zhibin , Du Jun , Chen Longfei , Zhu Xi , Li Jing 
Published: May 2017

AbstractChanges in climate extremes pose far-reaching consequences to ecological processes and hydrologic cycles in alpine ecosystems of the arid mountain regions. Therefore, regional assessments in various climates and mountain regions are needed for understanding the uncertainties of the change trends for extreme climate events. The objective of this study was to assess the spatial distribution and temporal trends of extreme precipitation and temperature events responses to global warming on the arid mountain regions of China. Results found that temperature extremes exhibited a significant warming trend, consistent with global warming. Warming trend in autumn and winter were greater than in spring and summer. Besides, precipitation extremes also exhibited statistically increase trend, such as number of days with heavy precipitation and rain day precipitation, etc. The distribution of the number of rainy days was showed a significant increasing trend in many sites, indicating that the increase of rain day precipitation mainly contributed by the increase of single precipitation event duration and moderate-rain days. The greater increasing trend of extreme climate events mainly existed in higher altitudes. This results lend an evidence to earlier predictions that the climate in northwestern China is changing from cold-dry to warm-wet.
CD47 surface stability is sensitive to actin disruption prior to inclusion within the band 3 macrocomplex
Authors: Mordue Kathryn E. , Hawley Bethan R. , Satchwell Timothy J. , Toye Ashley M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCD47 is an important ‘marker of self’ protein with multiple isoforms produced though alternative splicing that exhibit tissue-specific expression. Mature erythrocytes express CD47 isoform 2 only, with membrane stability of this version dependent on inclusion within the band 3 macrocomplex, via protein 4.2. At present a paucity of information exists regarding the associations and trafficking of the CD47 isoforms during erythropoiesis. We show that CD47 isoform 2 is the predominant version maintained at the surface of expanding and terminally differentiating erythroblasts. CD47 isoforms 3 and 4 are expressed in all cell types tested except mature erythrocytes, but do not reach the plasma membrane in erythroblasts and are degraded by the orthochromatic stage of differentiation. To identify putative CD47 interactants, immunoprecipitation combined with Nano LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry was conducted on the erythroleukaemic K562 cell line, expanding and terminally differentiating primary erythroblasts and mature erythrocytes. Results indicate that prior to incorporation into the band 3 macrocomplex, CD47 associates with actin-binding proteins and we confirm that CD47 membrane stability is sensitive to actin disrupting drugs. Maintenance of CD47 at the cell surface was also influenced by dynamin, with sensitivity to dynamin disruption prolonged relative to that of actin during erythropoiesis.