bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental Education and Expensive Consumption Habits
Authors: Zwarthoed Danielle 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe aim of this article is to investigate the general and special obligations of parents with respect to the shaping of consumption habits, from a liberal egalitarian perspective. The article argues that, in virtue of them being well placed to shape the next generation's consumption habits, parents have a duty of justice to prevent their children from developing expensive consumption habits in order to enable them to leave their fair share to others. In virtue of the special relationship they have with their children, parents have a duty of care, and this may also require parents to prevent their children from developing expensive consumption habits. Then the article discusses whether and under which conditions these duties hold in unjust circumstances, where a consumerist ethos is predominant and where other parents and educational agents do not collaborate effectively.
Atrial fibrillation patients with isolated pulmonary veins: Is sinus rhythm achievable?
Authors: Szilágyi Judit , Marcus Gregory M. , Badhwar Nitish , Lee Byron K. , Lee Randall J. , Vedantham Vasanth , Tseng Zian H. , Walters Tomos , Scheinman Melvin , Olgin Jeffrey , Gerstenfeld Edward P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe cornerstone of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is isolation of the pulmonary veins (PVs). Patients with recurrent AF undergoing repeat ablation usually have PV reconnection (PVr). The ablation strategy and outcome of patients undergoing repeat ablation who have persistent isolation of all PVs (PVi) at the time of repeat ablation is unknown.Methods and resultsWe studied consecutive patients with recurrent AF undergoing repeat ablation and compared patients with PVi to those with PVr. One hundred fifty‐two patients underwent repeat ablation, and of these, 25 patients (16.4%) had PVi. Patients with PVi underwent ablation targeting any isoproterenol induced AF triggers, atrial substrate, or inducible atrial tachycardias or flutters. Patients with PVi compared to PVr were more likely to have a history of persistent AF (64% vs. 26%; P < 0.0001), obesity (BMI 30.4 vs. 28.2; P = 0.05), and prior use of contact force sensing catheters (28% vs. 0.8%, P < 0.0001). After a mean follow‐up of 19 ± 15 months, 56% of PVi patients remained in sinus rhythm compared to 76.3% of PVr patients (P = 0.036). In a multivariable model, PVi patients and those with cardiomyopathy had a higher risk of recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias (HR = 3.6 95%, CI 1.6–8.3, P = 0.002 and HR = 6.2, 95% CI 2.3–16.3, P < 0.0001, respectively).ConclusionIn patients who have all PVs isolated at the time of the redo AF ablation, a strategy of targeting non‐PV AF triggers and inducible flutters can still lead to AF freedom in more than half of patients. Patients with PVr, however, have a better long‐term outcome.
Preliminary findings on the safety of 1.5 and 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging in cardiac pacemaker patients
Authors: van Dijk Vincent F. , Delnoy Peter Paul H.M. , Smit Jaap Jan J. , Ramdat Misier R. Anand , Elvan Arif , van Es H. Wouter , Rensing Benno J.W.M. , Raciti Giovanni , Boersma Lucas V.A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionModern pacemakers are designed to allow patients to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under a set of specific conditions. Aim of this study is to provide confirmatory evidence of safety and performance of a new pacing system (ImageReady™, Boston Scientific) in patients undergoing 1.5 and 3T MRI.Methods and resultsTwo prospective, nonrandomized, single‐arm studies were designed to provide confirmatory data of no impact of MRI on device function, lead parameters, and patient conditions in subjects implanted with the system undergoing a clinically non‐indicated 1.5T and 3T MRI, respectively. Device measurements were done within 1 hour before and after the scan and at 1 month follow‐up. Thirty‐two subjects underwent MRI visit (17 subjects with 1.5T MRI and 15 subjects with 3T MRI). There were no unanticipated adverse effects related to the pacemaker. Device measurements taken pre‐ and post‐MRI scan did not show any clinical relevant change that could indicate an effect of the MRI on the device or at the lead‐tissue interface (RV threshold change: 0.01 ± 0.13 V, P = 0.60; RA threshold change: 0.01 ± 0.11 V, P = 0.53; R wave change: −0.44 ± 1.73 mV, P = 0.36; R wave change: 0.12 ± 1.67 mV, P = 0.73), with data confirmed at 1‐month follow‐up visit.ConclusionThe study documented safety of the pacing system in the 1.5T and 3T MRI environment by showing no adverse events related to device or MRI scan. Additional data are required to cover the more complex scenarios involving different diagnostic needs, conditions of use, clinical conditions, and new emerging technologies.
Use of adenosine to shorten the post ablation waiting period for cavotricuspid isthmus‐dependent atrial flutter
Authors: Morales Gustavo , Darrat Yousef H. , Lellouche Nicolas , Kim Sun Moon , Butt Muhammad , Bidwell Katrina , Lippert William , Ogunbayo Gbolahan , Hamon David , Di Biase Luigi , Natale Andrea , Parrott Kevin , Elayi Claude S 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundDormant conduction unmasked by adenosine predicts clinical recurrences of cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) dependent atrial flutter following catheter ablation. Conventional practice involves a waiting period of 20 to 30 minutes after achievement of a bidirectional line of block (BDB) to monitor for recovery of conduction.ObjectiveAssess whether abolition of dormant conduction with adenosine immediately after CTI ablation and BDB can predict the lack of CTI conduction recovery during the following 30 minutes.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing catheter ablation for CTI‐dependent atrial flutter were studied. Following the completion of CTI ablation and documentation of BDB, adenosine (≥12 mg IV) was administered immediately. In cases of dormant conduction, the CTI was ablated again until its abolition. After the achievement of BDB without dormant conduction, spontaneous CTI reconnection during the following 30 minutes and dormant conduction with adenosine at 30 minutes were evaluated.ResultsA CTI block was achieved in 171 patients. Nine patients (5.3%) had dormant conduction across the CTI immediately after ablation and BDB, and required further ablation. Two patients (1.2%) had subsequent spontaneous time‐dependent reconnection within 30 minutes. Two other patients (1.2%) developed late dormant conduction with adenosine at 30 minutes. All 4 patients underwent further ablation.ConclusionA negative adenosine challenge immediately after CTI ablation with bidirectional block, or after abolition of dormant conduction with further ablation, strongly predicted the absence of subsequent spontaneous reconnection within 30 minutes. Based on these results, the conventional waiting period is unnecessary in 97.6% patients without dormant conduction after CTI‐dependent flutter ablation.
Impaired left atrial function predicts inappropriate shocks in primary prevention implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator candidates
Authors: Tao Susumu , Ashikaga Hiroshi , Ciuffo Luisa A. , Yoneyama Kihei , Lima Joao A.C. , Frank Terry F. , Weiss Robert G. , Tomaselli Gordon F. , Wu Katherine C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionInappropriate implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) shocks, commonly caused by atrial fibrillation (AF), are associated with an increased mortality. Because impaired left atrial (LA) function predicts development of AF, we hypothesized that impaired LA function predicts inappropriate shocks beyond a history of AF.Methods and resultsWe prospectively analyzed the association between LA function and incident inappropriate shocks in primary prevention ICD candidates. In the Prospective Observational Study of ICD (PROSE‐ICD), we assessed LA function using tissue‐tracking cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) prior to ICD implantation. A total of 162 patients (113 males, age 56 ± 15 years) were included. During the mean follow‐up of 4.0 ± 2.9 years, 26 patients (16%) experienced inappropriate shocks due to AF (n = 19; 73%), supraventricular tachycardia (n = 5; 19%), and abnormal sensing (n = 2; 8%). In univariable analyses, inappropriate shocks were associated with AF history prior to ICD implantation, age below 70 years, QRS duration less than 120 milliseconds, larger LA minimum volume, lower LA stroke volume, lower LA emptying fraction, impaired LA maximum and preatrial contraction strains (Smax and SpreA), and impaired LA strain rate during left ventricular systole and atrial contraction (SRs and SRa). In multivariable analysis, impaired Smax (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.96, P = 0.044), SpreA (HR: 0.94, P = 0.030), and SRa (HR: 0.25, P < 0.001) were independently associated with inappropriate shocks. The receiver‐operating characteristics curve showed that SRa improved the predictive value beyond the patient demographics including AF history (P = 0.033).ConclusionImpaired LA function assessed by tissue‐tracking CMR is an independent predictor of inappropriate shocks in primary prevention ICD candidates beyond AF history.
Association of obstructive sleep apnea with arterial stiffness and nondipping blood pressure in patients with hypertension
Authors: Jenner Raimundo , Fatureto‐Borges Fernanda , Costa‐Hong Valéria , Lopes Heno F. , Teixeira Sandra H. , Marum Elias , Giorgi Dante A. M. , Consolim‐Colombo Fernanda M. , Bortolotto Luiz A. , Lorenzi‐Filho Geraldo , Krieger Eduardo M. , Drager Luciano F. 
Published: April 2017

Whether sex influences the association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension is unknown. In this study, 95 hypertensive participants underwent carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity, 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, echocardiogram, and polysomnography after a 30‐day standardized treatment with hydrochlorothiazide plus enalapril or losartan. OSA was present in 52 patients. Compared with non‐OSA patients, pulse wave velocity values were higher in the OSA group (men: 11.1±2.2 vs 12.7±2.4 m/s, P=.04; women: 11.8±2.4 vs 13.2±2.2 m/s, P=.03). The proportion of diastolic dysfunction was significant in men and women with OSA. Compared with non‐OSA patients, nondipping systolic blood pressure in OSA was higher in men (14.3% vs 46.4%) and in women (41.4% vs 65.2%). OSA was independently associated with pulse wave velocity (β=1.050; P=.025) and nondipping systolic blood pressure (odds ratio, 3.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–8.55; P=.035) in the regression analysis. In conclusion, OSA is independently associated with arterial stiffness and nondipping blood pressure in patients with hypertension regardless of sex.
ShRNA knock‐down of CXCR7 inhibits tumour invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization
Authors: Zhao Zhong‐Wei , Fan Xiao‐Xi , Song Jing‐Jing , Xu Min , Chen Min‐Jiang , Tu Jian‐Fei , Wu Fa‐Zong , Zhang Deng‐Ke , Liu Lu , Chen Li , Ying Xi‐Hui , Ji Jian‐Song 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTo investigate the effects of lentiviral vector‐mediated shRNA suppressing CXCR7 on tumour invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). HCCLM3 cell lines were cultured and assigned into the CXCR7‐shRNA, negative control (NC) and blank groups. The qRT‐PCR and Western blotting were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of CXCR7, CXCR4 and MMP‐2 in HCCLM3 cells. Cell proliferation and invasion were evaluated by MTT and Transwell assays. A Buffalo rat model of HCC was established. Fifty model rats were divided into the CXCR7‐shRNA + TACE, CXCR7‐shRNA, TACE, NC and control groups. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expressions of CXCR7, MMP‐2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and intratumoral CD31‐positive vessel count in tumour tissues of mice. Compared with the blank and NC groups, the mRNA and protein expressions of CXCR7 and MMP‐2 were decreased in the CXCR7‐shRNA group. The cell proliferation and invasion rates of the CXCR7‐shRNA group were lower than the blank and NC groups. At the 4th week after TACE, tumour weight of the CXCR7‐shRNA + TACE group increased continuously. The CXCR7‐shRNA + TACE group showed longer survival time and smaller tumour sizes than other groups. Compared with other groups, the CXCR7‐shRNA + TACE and CXCR7‐shRNA groups had less number of lung metastatic nodules and lower expressions of CXCR7, MMP‐2, VEGF and CD31‐positive vessel count. CXCR7‐shRNA inhibits tumour invasion and metastasis to improve the efficacy of TACE in HCC by reducing the expressions of CXCR7, MMP‐2 and VEGF.
Melatonin antagonizes interleukin‐18‐mediated inhibition on neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Xingye , Chan Matthew T.V. , Wu William Ka Kei , Tan DunXian , Shen Jianxiong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSCs) are self‐renewing, pluripotent and undifferentiated cells which have the potential to differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. NSC therapy for tissue regeneration, thus, gains popularity. However, the low survivals rate of the transplanted cell impedes its utilities. In this study, we tested whether melatonin, a potent antioxidant, could promote the NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation, especially, in the presence of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐18 (IL‐18). Our results showed that melatonin per se indeed exhibited beneficial effects on NSCs and IL‐18 inhibited NSC proliferation, neurosphere formation and their differentiation into neurons. All inhibitory effects of IL‐18 on NSCs were significantly reduced by melatonin treatment. Moreover, melatonin application increased the production of both brain‐derived and glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF, GDNF) in IL‐18‐stimulated NSCs. It was observed that inhibition of BDNF or GDNF hindered the protective effects of melatonin on NSCs. A potentially protective mechanism of melatonin on the inhibition of NSC's differentiation caused IL‐18 may attribute to the up‐regulation of these two major neurotrophic factors, BNDF and GNDF. The findings indicate that melatonin may play an important role promoting the survival of NSCs in neuroinflammatory diseases.
Extreme ocean acidification reduces the susceptibility of eastern oyster shells to a polydorid parasite
Authors: Clements J C , Bourque D , McLaughlin J , Stephenson M , Comeau L A 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOcean acidification poses a threat to marine organisms. While the physiological and behavioural effects of ocean acidification have received much attention, the effects of acidification on the susceptibility of farmed shellfish to parasitic infections are poorly understood. Here we describe the effects of moderate (pH7.5) and extreme (pH7.0) ocean acidification on the susceptibility ofCrassostrea virginicashells to infection by a parasitic polydorid,Polydora websteri. Under laboratory conditions, shells were exposed to threepHtreatments (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0) for 3‐ and 5‐week periods. Treated shells were subsequently transferred to an oyster aquaculture site (which had recently reported an outbreak ofP. websteri) for 50 days to test for effects ofpHand exposure time onP. websterirecruitment to oyster shells. Results indicated thatpHand exposure time did not affect the length, width or weight of the shells. Interestingly,P. webstericounts were significantly lower under extreme (pH7.0; ~50% reduction), but not moderate (pH7.5; ~20% reduction) acidification levels; exposure time had no effect. This study suggests that extreme levels – but not current and projected near‐future levels – of acidification (∆pH~1 unit) can reduce the susceptibility of eastern oyster shells toP. websteriinfections.
Toward a Resource‐Efficient Built Environment: A Literature Review and Conceptual Model
Authors: Ness David A. , Xing Ke 
Published: April 2017

SummaryAmid continued growth in the building stock, the pursuit of sustainable buildings is dominated by a focus on carbon neutrality and green, often overlooking resource consumption and its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and planetary degradation. Accordingly, this article seeks to highlight the importance of a resource‐efficient built environment, which enables required functions to be delivered with less assets, and to put forward an approach toward this objective. In this regard, the circular economy (CE) concept seeks to extract more value from resources by using them for as long as possible, thereby increasing economic prosperity and employment while reducing waste, greenhouse emissions, and pollution. Thus far, application of CE principles has largely concentrated on the industrial sector, such as through industrial symbiosis and its extension to urban symbiosis/metabolism. Their application to cities and, in particular, the built environment has been limited and the body of literature is relatively undeveloped. Insight is offered into how this field of research might be developed and applied to enable a more resource‐efficient, low‐carbon built environment with socioeconomic benefits. It reviews literature on the CE and industrial ecology, their application to industrial and urban contexts, and the gaps pertaining to the building sector. A proposition for extending research and its application to the built environment is then put forward, encapsulated in a conceptual model. This is seen as an important first step in influencing policy makers and repositioning resource efficiency firmly on the sustainable and carbon neutral building agenda.
What should the optimal intrauterine pressure be during outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy? A randomized comparative study
Authors: Karaman Erbil , Kolusarı Ali , Çetin Orkun , Çim Numan , Alkış İsmet , Karaman Yasemin , Güler Seyithan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare lower and higher uterine filling pressures during outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy.MethodsOne hundred and seventy‐five women eligible for outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy were included in this randomized double blind comparative study. The subjects were randomized into two groups. Group 1 (n = 80) underwent surgery with lower intrauterine filling pressures (30, 40, and 50 mmHg) and group 2 (n = 81) underwent surgery with higher filling pressures (70, 80, and 100 mmHg). The primary outcome measure was adequate visibility during the procedure. The secondary outcome measure was pain perceived by the patient during and 30 min after the procedure.ResultsIn total, 161 patients completed the trial. Group 2 had significantly higher adequate visibility than group 1 (71/80, 88.75% in group 1 and 79/81, 97.5% in group 2, P = 0.008). There was a trend toward increase in pain scores with higher pressures during the procedure. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of visual analog scale pain scores measured 30 min after the procedure.ConclusionLower uterine filling pressure was associated with lower pain scores with a higher trend towards inadequate visibility. It appears that higher filling pressure can be used for performing office hysteroscopy, but it is associated with higher pain scores.
A 14thCentury Critique of Greek Philosophy: The Case of Ibn Khaldun
Authors: Ahmad Zaid 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article discusses the critique of Greek philosophy by a Muslim scholar of the middle age Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406 CE). It begins with a brief introductory background of Ibn Khaldun, followed by a trace of the elements of Greek philosophy in his writings. The main purpose is to track the line of argument Ibn Khaldun used in his criticism and the basic premises he used in his attempt to position himself in his critiques. This article ends with concluding remarks on Ibn Khaldun's real attitude and how he drew a balance between rejection of certain philosophic notions and the acceptance of reasons and logics as crafts practiced in human civilization.
You Saydientito, I Saydentito: Navigating Complex Word Formation in Second Language Spanish
Authors: Carlson Matthew T. , Gerfen Chip 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNative speakers seamlessly marshal morphological resources to create new words, displaying striking consistency even where multiple options are available, as when a stem contains a phonological alternation. This is true even when these options appear to be idiosyncratically applied in existing words. For example, in derived words, the alternation of diphthongs and monophthongs in certain Spanish stems defies traditional morphophonological analysis, but native speakers nonetheless agree on when to use one and when to use the other in novel derivations. Here we ask how second language learners of Spanish cope with this subtlety. Recently, native speakers’ agreement has been attributed to the way phonotactic and morpholexical properties influence morphological processing. In a lexical decision experiment, we show that while the polarity of learners’ responses differed from earlier native speaker results, their response latencies exhibit striking sensitivity to the very same ingredients shown to predict nativelike behavior.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. All materials are publicly accessible in the IRIS digital repository athttp://www.iris-database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science:https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Genomic clustering of adaptive loci during parallel evolution of an Australian wildflower
Authors: Roda Federico , Walter Greg M. , Nipper Rick , Ortiz‐Barrientos Daniel 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe build‐up of the phenotypic differences that distinguish species has long intrigued biologists. These differences are often inherited as stable polymorphisms that allow the cosegregation of adaptive variation within species, and facilitate the differentiation of complex phenotypes between species. It has been suggested that the clustering of adaptive loci could facilitate this process, but evidence is still scarce. Here, we used QTL analysis to study the genetic basis of phenotypic differentiation between coastal populations of the Australian wildflower Senecio lautus. We found that a genomic region consistently governs variation in several of the traits that distinguish these contrasting forms. Additionally, some of the taxon‐specific traits controlled by this QTL cluster have evolved repeatedly during the adaptation to the same habitats, suggesting that it could mediate divergence between locally adapted forms. This cluster contains footprints of divergent natural selection across the range of S. lautus, which suggests that it could have been instrumental for the rapid diversification of this species.
Optimizing Passenger Flow Control and Bus‐Bridging Service for Commuting Metro Lines
Authors: Yang Jingfeng , Jin Jian Gang , Wu Jianjun , Jiang Xi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOversaturated conditions are often observed during peak‐hour periods, especially for commuting metro lines serving as a corridor connecting suburb and urban areas due to its unidirectional passenger flow pattern. System operators are concerned about the amount of passengers accumulated inside station and at platform when train service cannot meet the travel demand. In this article, we tackle the metro system congestion issue and develop a compound strategy integrating passenger flow control and bus‐bridging service, to mitigate overcrowded situation. A two‐stage mathematical modeling procedure is proposed. Stage 1 determines the stations and time periods for taking passenger flow control strategy. Stage 2 identifies the optimal bus‐bridging services. Mixed integer linear programming models are developed to find the demand‐responsive flow control pattern and bus‐bridging services. The proposed passenger flow control and bus‐bridging strategy is applied to a commuting metro line in Shanghai. The results show that the proposed strategy is effective in reducing the number of stranded passengers, releasing the overcrowding pressure, and improving passengers’ satisfaction.