bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thinking Against Humanism? Heidegger on the Human Essence, the Inhuman, and Evil
Authors: Wearing Jack 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn his ‘Letter on “Humanism”’, Martin Heidegger advances a critique of humanism while insisting that this critique does not imply that he ‘advocates the inhuman’. There are two reasons why Heidegger might be concerned to rebut this accusation. First, one might worry that any rejection of humanism commits one to rejecting its central values, such as the idea that human beings have an essential worth. Second, Heidegger might be concerned to distance his critique from the inhuman policies of National Socialism, with which he was associated in the early 1930s.In this paper, I offer an interpretation of Heidegger's conception of ‘the inhuman’ to shed light on his critique's normative implications. Through this examination of Heidegger's views, I raise concerns about the political prospects of his anti‐humanism, and, more tentatively, of anti‐humanistic thought in general. First, I reconstruct Heidegger's critique of humanism, his positive conception of the human essence, and his cryptic account of evil in the Letter. I argue that the view that emerges involves a problematic displacement of human responsibility for evil, which Heidegger interprets as symptomatic of the modern epoch in the ‘history of Being’. Moreover, while his account opposes ‘the inhuman’ in a ‘Being‐historical’ sense, I argue that it disavows crucial normative resources for resisting ‘the inhuman’ in the ordinary moral sense.
Extensively harvested hay contaminated with common windgrass induced an ulcerative stomatitis–gingivitis outbreak in horses
Authors: Vervuert I. , Müller S. , Karl H. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryAfter starting feeding on a new batch of hay, 29 out of 33 horses showed clinical signs of oral ulcerative and bleeding papules and mucous membrane erythema of the gingiva of the mandible within 2–3 days. The results of the complete blood cell count and biochemistry analysis did not yield significant findings in relation to horses affected by ulcerative stomatitis. Swab analyses of the oral mucosa for vesicular stomatitis virus (VS, Type Indiana and Type New Jersey) were negative in all horses (n = 33). Common windgrass with long awns in the deeper stomal‐gingival ulcerations was confirmed through botanical analysis by botanical identification. The hay batch fed to the affected horses was assessed via botanical analysis, finding 15% common windgrass (Apera spica‐venti). After the removal of the contaminated hay batch, full recovery was seen in all horses within 2–6 weeks depending on the severity of the lesions. The grassland from which the hay was harvested belonged to a semi‐natural landscape restored to increase biodiversity and as a protection zone in case of overflow of the river Rhine. In conclusion, feeding forages harvested from these semi‐natural landscapes may be harmful to the health of horses.
Advancements in Emotion Classification via Facial and Body Gesture Analysis: A Survey
Authors: Diwan Anjali , Sunil Reshma , Mer Parita , Mahadeva Rajesh , Patole Shashikant P. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMachine vision has had a substantial impact on human‐computer interaction and psychological research. The ability of robots to generate realistic facial expressions has been enhanced by advancements in artificial intelligence, neural networks, and deep learning, thereby nurturing more profound emotive connections between humans and machines. This paper offers an in‐depth look of the most recent developments in emotion classification technologies, with a specific focus on the period from 2019 to 2023. This research addresses the integration of facial and body gesture analysis into emotion detection, emphasising the development of methods such as partial transfer learning, sign‐based measurement systems, and lightweight convolutional neural networks. By analysing the most recent research, the paper not only provides a comprehensive overview of the most advanced methods, but also emphasises their superiority over previous approaches in terms of efficiency, and applicability. The integration of gestures into emotion analysis is underscored as a critical area for further investigation, providing novel opportunities for comprehending and interpreting the intricate layers of nonverbal communication. The objective of this survey is to provide a resource for researchers and practitioners who are interested in advancing the field of emotion classification by utilising innovative methodologies.
Designing a Positive Health Dialogue Tool for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: van Vliet Marja , Huber Machteld , van der Zanden Sigrid 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesBeing able to express and address strengths and needs related to health is an important asset to enhance resilience during emerging adulthood. Towards this end, we aimed to develop a specific version of the My Positive Health (MPH) dialogue tool for this developmental period (ages 16–25). By adopting a broad perspective on health and striving for applicability in various settings, this tool ultimately seeks to promote integrated collaboration across various domains (healthcare, social care, school).MethodsThe tool was co‐designed with end users, using mixed methods: a descriptive cross‐sectional survey questionnaire (N = 118) followed by qualitative focus groups and interview sessions (N = 36). Participants were Dutch citizens (mean age 21.6; 79% female) who were stratified by educational level and chronic disease status (yes/no). The final selection of the content of the tool was made during expert sessions.ResultsA preference appeared for the following dimensions to be part of the dialogue tool: My body, My feelings and thoughts, Meaningfulness, Quality of life, Participation and Daily life. Each dimension was operationalised by aspects (43 in total) to facilitate reflection and dialogue. The following new aspects that are typical for emerging adulthood were formulated and included in the dialogue tool: ‘Confidence in yourself’, ‘Being in control’, ‘Having confidence in the future’, ‘Self‐expression’, ‘Meaningful relationships’, ‘Being able to work or study’ and ‘Ability to plan’. Other aspects derived from the adult and children's versions of the MPH dialogue tool.ConclusionA dialogue tool was designed for individuals aged 16–25 in various health‐ and vulnerability‐related conditions and with applicability in various domains.Patient or Public ContributionThe development of the dialogue tool was specifically driven by the needs expressed by the users themselves. Planned public and patient contribution comprised consultation and collaboration in (i) design, (ii) recruitment, (iii) focus group sessions, (iv) analysis and discussion of the data and (v) dissemination.Trial Registration: Not applicable.
‘Development and Psychometric Testing of the Lean Management Scale for Nursing Services in Hospitals’
Authors: Kılıç Çiğdem Torun , Öztürk Havva 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study is to develop a new instrument (The Lean Management Scale for Nursing Services in Hospitals‐ LMS‐N) to evaluate the lean levels of nursing services in hospitals and to evaluate its psychometric properties.MethodA three‐phase construct was used to develop this scale and to determine its psychometric properties: (1) creating the item pool, (2) preliminarily evaluating items and (3) evaluating psychometric properties. This methodological study evaluated the scale's face, content and construct validities, internal consistency, and temporal stability. The psychometric properties of the scale were tested with a total of 695 nurses in different sample groups. Data were collected between 18 November 2020 and 15 May 2021.ResultsThe scale's content validity index was 0.75. According to principal component analysis, the scale included 22 items and five subdimensions, and the total variance was 60.32%. In confirmatory factor analysis, the fit indices were good or acceptable for this construct. Its internal consistency was good or acceptable according to reliability analysis. Test–retest showed that the scale had temporal stability.ConclusionLean Management Scale in Nursing Services in Hospitals is a valid and reliable tool that can evaluate the level of leanness of nursing services. It provides a comprehensive evaluation with five subdimensions: management support, visual stock management, work environment layout, preventive notification system and waste detection.
Scene, not heard: Exploring the influence of socioeconomic status background cues in asynchronous video interviews
Authors: Springle Madeline , Bourdage Joshua S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile recent studies have highlighted the potential for background cues in asynchronous video interviews (AVIs) to inadvertently disclose non‐job‐related information about job applicants, researchers have yet to explore the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) cues. This study investigates whether background cues about SES (specifically cues not available in a face‐to‐face interview) introduce unique biases in the hiring process. We examined if evaluators could discern SES differences based on a job applicant's background and whether these cues influenced the perceived hireability of the job applicant. To enhance the realism of our findings and understand when such biases may be exacerbated, we simulated the conditions a hiring manager might face by inducing cognitive load (CL). In a working sample of N = 260 American Cloud Research Connect participants, we used a 2 (low; high SES) by 2 (low; high CL) between‐subjects experimental design. We found that although evaluators could identify differences in SES and did experience a difference in CL, these two factors did not directly influence the perceived hireability of the job applicant. We also investigated the role of evaluators' characteristics, such as their own SES, attitude towards poverty, and social dominance orientation. Although these did not directly influence their ratings of the job applicant, we identified noteworthy correlations: participants' perceptions of the SES of the background correlated with the job applicant's (a) perceived hireability, and (b) perceived SES. These findings emphasize the need for further research into the subtle cues that evaluators might use to gauge SES, which could impact a job applicant's AVI evaluation.
A multimodal approach to faking detection in a selection interview
Authors: Juničić Nataša , Parmač Kovačić Maja , Galić Zvonimir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of faking detection in a selection interview using a multimodal approach based on paraverbal, verbal/nonverbal cues, and facial expressions. In addition, we compared detection accuracies of simple linear and complex nonlinear machine learning algorithms. A sample of 102 participants were interviewed in two conditions—honest responding and simulated highly realistic selection. Results showed only several significant univariate effects of experimental condition for paraverbal, verbal, and facial expression cues. All the algorithms performed comparably and above chance levels, except for random forests, which overfitted on the training sets and underperformed on the testing sets. Still, considering the algorithms' accuracy was limited, usefulness of multimodal data for deception detection remains questionable.
Current insights into apolipoprotein E and the immune response in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lin Peter Bor‐Chian , Holtzman David M. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder and the most common cause of dementia. Genetic analyses identified apolipoprotein E (APOE) as the strongest genetic risk for late‐onset AD. Studies have shown that ApoE modulates AD pathogenesis in part by influencing amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposition. However, ApoE also appears to regulate elements of AD via regulation of innate immune response, especially through microglial and astrocyte activation. In model systems, it also regulates changes in T‐cells. This review focuses on the key findings that have advanced our understanding of the role of ApoE in the pathogenesis of AD and the current view of innate immune response regulated by ApoE in AD, while discussing open questions and areas for future research.
The potential for a union default to convert nonunion workers into union members: The effects of beliefs about unions' consequences, free‐riding and social customs
Authors: Harcourt Mark , Gall Gregor , Wilson Margaret 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnion density has fallen dramatically in many western European countries over recent decades, with grave implications for unions' strength and legitimacy regarding collective bargaining. Free‐riding remains an ongoing challenge in maintaining union membership levels, as covered nonunion workers generally receive the same collectively bargained terms as union members. To help resolve this problem, we propose a union default that would, as a legal requirement, automatically enrol all workers under coverage as union members in the first instance, but with a subsequent right to opt‐out. We use survey evidence from New Zealand to suggest that nearly half these nonunion workers working for unionised employers would retain membership if defaulted. A default would be effective at converting nonunion workers into union members partly because it would shift the norms of the workplace from nonunion to union, as per social custom theory.
Boron nitride nanosheets composite SiC fibers with enhanced mechanical properties and high‐temperature resistance
Authors: Song Quzhi , Long Xin , Wang Bing , Wang Qianlong , Liu Wenjun , Xu Nana , Wu Shuang , Du Yiang , Ou Yucheng , Liu Tao , Wang Fuwen , Wang Yingde 
Published: October 2024

AbstractContinuous SiC fibers with excellent mechanical properties and high‐temperature resistance possess immense potential as reinforcements for aeroengines. In this work, we prepared functionalized boron nitride nanosheet (F‐BNNS) composite SiC (F‐BNNS/SiC) fibers by polymer‐derived method. Due to the existence of F‐BNNS, the F‐BNNS/SiC fibers demonstrate an improved tensile strength up to 2300 MPa, representing a 25% increase compared to the original SiC fibers. Furthermore, owing to the chemical bonds established between the F‐BNNS and the SiCxOy network, the decomposition of the SiCxOy amorphous phase and the crystallization of SiC at high temperatures is effectively suppressed. The F‐BNNS/SiC fibers exhibit improved high‐temperature resistance, maintaining a tensile strength of 720 MPa up to 1500°C, while the SiC fibers completely degraded under the same conditions. The successful preparation of BNNS/SiC fibers may offer new insights into the performance enhancement of advanced ceramic fibers.
The equivalence of a high‐stakes objective structured clinical exam adapted to suit a virtual delivery format
Authors: Coetzee Karen , Amirthalingam Luxshi , Eftekari Tabasom , Monteiro Sandra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic necessitated rapid adaptation of clinical competence assessments, including the transition of Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE) from in‐person to virtual formats. This study investigates the construct equivalence of a high‐stakes OSCE, originally designed for in‐person delivery, when adapted for a virtual format.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using OSCE scores from the Internationally Educated Nurse Competency Assessment Program (IENCAP®). Data were collected from 15 exam administrations between January 2018 and June 2022, encompassing 2021 examinees (1936 in‐person, 85 virtual). The Many‐Facet Rasch Measurement (MFRM) model was employed to analyze the invariance of examinee ability, case difficulty, and criteria difficulty across in‐person and virtual formats.ResultsResults revealed overall examinee ability estimates remained invariant regardless of the OSCE format, while invariant violations were identified in only three of the 15 cases (N = 20%) adapted to suit the virtual format. The most significant adaptation, namely the use of a verbal physical examination to suit the virtual context achieved equivalence to its hands‐on in‐person counterpart given evidence of invariance across criteria estimates. Interestingly, criteria scores in invariant violated cases displayed a higher level of stability or consistency across the virtual OSCE formats versus their in‐person counterpart highlighting a potential benefit of the virtual versus in‐person format and potentially linked to the verbal physical examination.ConclusionThe study found that while examinee ability and case difficulty estimates exhibited some invariance between in‐person and virtual OSCE formats, criteria involving physical assessments faced challenges in maintaining construct equivalence. These findings highlight the need for careful consideration in adapting high‐stakes clinical assessments to virtual formats to ensure fairness and reliability.
Lake shape and the characteristics of migration behavior modify Atlantic salmon smolt migration success through lakes
Authors: Newton Matthew , McCallum Joseph , Honkanen Hannele M. , Stephen Alastair , Lilly Jessie M. , Orrell Danielle L. , Green Amy , Chavarie Louise , Rodger Jessica R. , Adams Colin E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMigration is a high‐risk behavior. For the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, migrating from its river nursery area to marine feeding grounds, the magnitude of risk varies with habitat type. Passage through lakes, in particular, is associated with low rates of migration success. Downstream migrating salmon smolts are rheotactic when migrating in rivers, but lakes typically provide poorer directional currents for migrating salmon. In this study we tested if, in the absence of clear navigational cues in lakes, Atlantic salmon smolts switch to a random search strategy to find the outflowing river. We constructed random search simulations to test if lake basin shape has an effect on migration success. We also compared simulated migration characteristics with migrations of salmon smolts through five real lakes for which there are telemetry data for migrating salmon. Correlated random walk simulations showed that a random search strategy could be successful for all lake shapes tested but was more successful in curved (round and elliptical) than rectangular basin shapes. Rectangular basins with the migration start and stop points at the ends of the lake had a higher success than those where these points were perpendicular to the axis of the lake. In general, a random walk model predicted the migration success rate of fish tracked through real lakes. However, for two lakes the simulated migration success exceeded that of actual success, suggesting that fish passing through these lakes were not adopting a random search strategy. We speculate that this is the result of either conflicting navigational cues which inhibit smolts from finding the lake outlet or that they temporarily suspend migration (e.g., to feed). Modelling predicted that for small lakes, directional swimming in short steps (ca. 100 m) followed by turns with very low variation from the direction of travel resulted in the highest migration success. For larger lakes, longer step lengths but also with low turn variation (simulated turning angle drawn from distributions of standard deviation 2° and 5° around a mean of 0°) resulted in the highest migration success. We conclude that navigation in downstream migrating salmon smolts switches from rheotaxis in rivers to a random search tactic in lakes except where residual flow cues in some lakes prevent this, at times resulting in suboptimal navigation outcomes.
Los Haitianos, las caravanas and transborder racial affect: Emotions and triangulated representations of Caribbean and Central American migrants in Mexico
Authors: Valles Darío 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIncreasingly foreclosed possibilities of asylum in the US‐Mexico border have been accompanied in Mexico by two seemingly divergent narratives laden with affective assessments targeting Haitians and Central Americans, the largest populations of migrants forced to temporarily resettle in Northern Mexican cities. Ethnographic analysis in Tijuana offers insight into diverging representations of docility and gratefulness of Haitians versus aggressiveness and rudeness of Central Americans—alongside converging state and economic violence these migrants face. Bringing comparative ethnic studies with Caribbeanist and Mexicanist anthropology to bear on contemporary Mexican migration politics, this article elucidates how Tijuanenses’ public perceptions are racially triangulated to a valorized Mexicanidad in directly relationship with the border. This paper sheds light on how organized state and non‐state violence, enshrined in border regimes, become routinized in everyday “common sense” discourse tied to affective relations through a process proposed herein as transborder racial affect.
Challenging the dichotomy: Examining parent socialization goals and behaviors regarding positive affect in Bengaluru, India
Authors: Wick Samantha B. , Sathiyaseelan Anuradha , Raval Vaishali V. , Luebbe Aaron M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractParents' responses to youth positive affect (PA) have been dichotomized as enhancing and dampening. This dichotomy may not fit with cultural scripts about emotion in communities where a balance between positive and negative emotions is preferred. To assess parents' PA socialization in a culturally relevant manner for urban, middle‐class families in India, we developed a new measure of parental goals about happiness and adapted the Responses to Adolescent Happy Affect Scale (RAHAS). We tested the psychometric properties of these measures and assessed relations among parental socialization goals and behaviors across 5 months. Our sample included 377 adolescent (84.4% girls; Mage = 14.47) and parent (63.9% mothers) dyads, primarily Hindu, in Bengaluru, India. Two parental goals factors emerged: “Balancing and Controlling” and “Maximizing and Sharing” happiness. Three factors emerged for the adapted RAHAS. Two factors were the same as the original RAHAS: (a) “Enhancing” strategies to upregulate PA and (b) “Dampening” strategies to downregulate PA. A third factor emerged: (c) “Balancing” strategies, which were culturally salient for families in India and aimed for moderation. Among socialization behaviors, “Enhancing” and “Dampening” were inversely related, while “Balancing” related positively to each. Balancing and Controlling goals were only correlated to “Balancing” behaviors. Maximizing and Sharing goals were correlated positively with “Enhancing” and inversely with “Dampening.” Longitudinally, Maximizing and Sharing and Balancing and Controlling goals were related to a significant increase and marginal decrease in “Dampening,” respectively. Challenging the dichotomy, our findings highlight the relevance of balancing to theories of PA socialization.