Abstract 1128: Identification of arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 as a novel therapeutic target in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Wang Yunyue , Huang Hui , Diolaiti Daniel , Martin Marta Sanchez , Modzelewski Beata , Marks Lianna J. , Rainey Allison R. , Gaviria Ervin S. , Sulis Maria L. , Cruz Filemon S. Dela , Ferrando Adolfo A. , Kung Andrew L. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Advances in risk-adapted cytotoxic chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and supportive care have contributed to significant improvements in the survival of patients with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) over the past few decades. However, despite such progress, a significant percentage of both adult and pediatric leukemia patients become refractory to therapy or relapse and eventually die of disease. Hence, there remains an urgent need for the development of effective and targeted therapies for acute leukemia. Recent genetic profiling of solid and hematologic malignancies has identified epigenetic factors as a critical group of genes recurrently mutated in cancer. Additionally, epigenetic dysregulation has been shown to play an important role in the development, progression and maintenance of leukemia. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of epigenetic factors represents a potential avenue for the development of novel epigenetic-targeted therapies.
In order to identify epigenetic vulnerabilities in leukemia, we developed an epigenetic-focused shRNA screen to search for novel therapeutic targets in human leukemia cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, T- and B-ALL cell lines were transduced with a library of shRNAs targeting 449 genes including epigenetic readers, writers and erasers and other chromatin-related factors. Selected cells were subsequently cultured in vitro and concurrently injected into mice. Engraftment of inoculated cells and disease progression were monitored through bioluminescence imaging. Amongst the universe of epigenetic regulatory proteins, the arginine methyl transferase, PRMT5, emerged as the most significantly depleted factor in both in vitro and in vivo screenings.
Chemical inhibition of PRMT5 enzymatic activity effectively reduced protein symmetric dimethyl arginine methylation, altered splicing, inhibited cell growth and promoted apoptosis of both ALL and AML cell lines in vitro. In addition, inhibition of PRMT5 in vivo using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) T-ALL mouse models demonstrated diminished tumor growth and prolonged survival. Notably,
quantification of peripheral blood cell numbers showed that pharmacologic PRMT5 inhibition was well tolerated and did not affect normal hematopoiesis in mice suggesting that a therapeutic window exists for anticancer drugs targeting PRMT5 in acute leukemia. Overall, our data indicates that pre-mRNA processing and in particular RNA splicing modulation may represent novel therapeutic targets in leukemia.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting.
Citation Format: Yunyue Wang, Hui Huang, Daniel Diolaiti, Marta Sanchez Martin, Beata Modzelewski, Lianna J. Marks, Allison R. Rainey, Ervin S. Gaviria, Maria L. Sulis, Filemon S. Dela Cruz, Adolfo A. Ferrando, Andrew L. Kung. Identification of arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 as a novel therapeutic target in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1128. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1128