bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the effectiveness of palliative interventions to treat rectal tenesmus in cancer
Authors: Ní Laoire Áine , Fettes Lucy , Murtagh Fliss EM 
Published: March 2017

Background: Rectal tenesmus is a distressing symptom in patients with advanced cancer and challenging to treat. There is lack of consensus on the appropriate management of tenesmus in this patient population. Aim: To identify and examine the effectiveness of interventions to palliate rectal tenesmus caused by advanced cancer when surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy are no longer treatment options. Design: A systematic review of the literature following standard systematic review methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidance. Data sources: A comprehensive search of the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library was conducted from date of inception to April 2016. PubMed ‘related articles’ search, grey literature search and hand-searches of the bibliographies of relevant papers and textbooks were also performed. Non-cancer patients were excluded. Any studies involving surgery or radiotherapy to treat tenesmus were excluded. Studies involving interventions to treat pelvic pain syndromes without specific outcome measures on severity of tenesmus were excluded. The quality of the studies was assessed using a National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence–recommended quality assessment tool. Results: From 861 studies, 9 met full criteria and were selected. All were case series investigating the use of pharmacological interventions (diltiazem, nifedipine, methadone, mexiletine hydrochloride, lidocaine and bupivacaine), anaesthetic interventions (lumbar sympathectomy, neurolytic superior hypogastric plexus block), and endoscopic laser interventions. The included studies showed substantial heterogeneity, and therefore, a meta-analysis was not feasible. Conclusion: From this review, we identified a significant gap in research into the palliation of rectal tenesmus. A multimodal approach may be necessary due to the complexity of the pathophysiology of tenesmus. Future research should focus on randomised controlled trials of drug therapies whose potential effectiveness is suggested by case series.
A simple finite-difference scheme for handling topography with the second-order wave equation
Authors: Mulder W. A. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe presence of topography poses a challenge for seismic modeling with finite-difference codes. The representation of topography by means of an air layer or vacuum often leads to a substantial loss of numerical accuracy. A suitable modification of the finite-difference weights near the free surface can decrease that error. An existing approach requires extrapolation of interior solution values to the exterior while using the boundary condition at the free surface. However, schemes of this type occasionally become unstable and may be impossible to implement with highly irregular topography. One-dimensional extrapolation along coordinate lines results in a simple and efficient scheme. The stability of the 1D scheme is improved by ignoring the interior point nearest to the boundary during extrapolation in case its distance to the boundary is less than half a grid spacing. The generalization of the 1D scheme to more than one dimension requires a modification if the boundary intersects the finite-difference stencil on both sides of the central evaluation point and if there are not enough interior points to build the finite-difference stencil. Examples for the 2D constant-density acoustic case with a fourth-order finite-difference scheme demonstrate the method’s capability. Because the 1D assumption is not valid in two dimensions if the boundary does not follow grid lines, the formal numerical accuracy is not always obtained, but the method can handle highly irregular topography.
Ground-penetrating radar antenna orientation effects on temperate mountain glaciers
Authors: Langhammer Lisbeth , Rabenstein Lasse , Bauder Andreas , Maurer Hansruedi 
Published: March 2017

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys on glaciers are generally restricted to a single pair of bistatic dipole antennas orientated either parallel or perpendicular to the surveying direction. Extensive helicopter-borne and ground-based GPR investigations on the Glacier d’Otemma, Switzerland, demonstrated that the detectability of the ice-bedrock interface varies substantially with dipole orientation. We recorded several across and along profiles using two different commercial GPR systems operated with 15, 25, 50, and 70 MHz antennas. Dipole alignments parallel to the glacier flow generated considerably stronger and more coherent bedrock reflections compared with a perpendicular dipole setup. We observed the behavior for all the systems and antenna frequencies that we used. To help explain these findings, we performed 3D numerical modeling using the open source software gprMax. Simulations with 20 MHz transmitting and receiving dipoles indicated that the changes of the bedrock reflection amplitude are primarily governed by the bedrock topography. Scattering and intrinsic attenuation may also influence the amplitudes of the bedrock reflections, but these effects seem to be much less pronounced. Evidently, to increase the GPR bedrock reflection quality, dipole antennas should be orientated parallel to the glacier flow direction on a glacier confined to a valley. Because the directional dependence is a first-order effect, it is advisable to perform multicomponent surveys when the general shape of the bedrock topography is unknown. The multicomponent setup preferably consists of two sets of dipole antennas, each in broadside configuration and the sets being orthogonal to each other.
An effective-medium model for P-wave velocities of saturated, unconsolidated saline permafrost
Authors: Dou Shan , Nakagawa Seiji , Dreger Douglas , Ajo-Franklin Jonathan 
Published: March 2017

To better understand the relationship between P-wave velocities and ice content in saturated, unconsolidated saline permafrost, we constructed an effective-medium model based upon ultrasonic P-wave data that were obtained from earlier laboratory studies. The model uses a two-end-member mixing approach in which an ice-filled, fully frozen end member and a water-filled, fully unfrozen end member are mixed together to form the effective medium of partially frozen sediments. This mixing approach has two key advantages: (1) It does not require parameter tuning of the mixing ratios, and (2) it inherently assumes mixed pore-scale distributions of ice that consist of frame-strengthening (i.e., cementing and/or load-bearing) ice and pore-filling ice. The model-predicted P-wave velocities agree well with our laboratory data, demonstrating the effectiveness of the model for quantitatively inferring ice content from P-wave velocities. The modeling workflow is simple and is largely free of calibration parameters — attributes that ease its application in interpreting field data sets.
Development of information economy in Russia under modern conditions
Authors: Багрова Наталья , Bagrova Natalya 
Published: March 2017

The article highlights the issue of forming the information economy of Russia as a new evolutionary stage of development of economy and society. Formation of the information economy and society occurs through the information development on the basis of best international practices and includes the economic development of our country, as well as the widespread use of information and communication technologies.
The author formulates the problems going with this process in today´s post-crisis development, associated with the revolutionary establishment of the information economy in Russia. Seamless exchange of information acts as the basis for the active introduction of innovations in the economy of modern countries and for the information economy formation.
The author notes that the information economy development in our country is mainly due to the informatization of society. At the same time it is strategic goal, as strong economic growth is not possible without further introduction and development of information and communication technologies. The development of the information society and economy is characterized by the comprehensive focus and dynamism, because the collection, processing, storage and use of information act as the primary type of activity carried out through using a variety of tools and systems for information exchange. Therefore, the economy of the information society, is not only global in nature, but is a &#34;virtual&#34;, based on the active use of a virtual environment for its development.
The author analyzes the data on the deepening of the information process and progress of the Russian Federation in the field of information and communication technologies, as well as raises the problems caused by the uneven development of the information environment of the country and the world. In this connection it is necessary to develop and implement information development programs and policies of certain types of activity and society as a whole.
The process of forming the information economy in Russia is very slow, but it is one of the most important conditions for sustainable development and further integration of our country into the global economy.
THE USE OF AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS AND DATA COLLECTION PARAMETERS OF THE COOLANT AND THERMAL ENERGY ON THE BASIS OF THE HEAT CALCULATORS &#34;RISE DRV-026М&#34; FOR EXAMPLE &#34;VEGETABLE STORES, UPM AND FLC-2&#34; OF THE BSTU. V. G. SHUKHOV
Authors: Щербинин  , Shcherbinin Igor , Щербинина  , Shcherbinina Olga 
Published: March 2017

The use of automated control systems and data collection parameters of the coolant and the thermal energy gives the effect of the introduction of the thermal energy consumer is the ability to control and monitor the heat consumption, to reduce the fee for heat energy, for generating an object has the ability to monitor consumption, identify the most energy inefficient consumers to quickly monitor emergency and commercial theft.
Questions of accounting of thermal energy are regulated by the Federal law of november 23, 2009 № 261 FZ &#34;On energy saving and on increasing energy efficiency and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation&#34; (article 13), as well as the relationship between legal persons with each other &#34;accounting Rules of thermal energy and heat carrier&#34;.
Legal Regulation of the Institute of Rehabilitation in the Russian Criminal Procedure
Authors: Makarova Oksana 
Published: March 2017

This article presents the problems of legal regulation of various aspects of institute of rehabilitation of persons, affected by unlawful and baseless criminal prosecution. Terms &#34;rehabilitation&#34; and &#34;rehabilitated&#34; used in the Law and also a list of grounds and a scope of persons entitled to rehabilitation are exposed to the critical analysis.
Mediation Competence of the Manager as a Tool for Efficient Staff Management
Authors: Орлова  , Orlova L. 
Published: March 2017

The article shows a model of conflict management as a new form of managing the conflict situations. Managing the conflict processes becomes of vital importance
for managers, since the potential of conflicts is constantly increasing. Professional conflict resolution is one of the tasks of the manager. Thus, mediation
is seen as conflict management, oriented at organization development. Mediation is increasingly being implemented in the sphere of professional activity
— in disputes between employees of companies and non-profit organizations, during conflicts between employers and their employees, as well as in case
of disputes between companies, such as between customers and suppliers. The article discusses the most important competences of a professional leader,
using which, the leader ensures a productive promotion of his employees.
Features of Human Resources Development and Use in Saint–Petersburg
Authors: Дороговцева  , Dorogovtseva Anna , Кюрзина  , Kyurzina Olga 
Published: March 2017

The analysis of regional population and human resources is given, as well as brief review of human resources utilization within the region. The authors consider
official documents, elaborated by the Saint-Petersburg government in order to optimize local workforce development and utilization, and suggest ways
to raise employment in the economic sphere by means of recruiting those older than the employable age but still retaining working capacity. Economic and
social effects of recruiting workforce elder, than employable age, is evaluated. Among positive effects the following can be emphasized: increased portion of
workers possessing extensive life and professional experience, well-developed intellectual and adaptive abilities, as well as ability to couching and mentoring,
thus enhancing overall workforce professionalism.
Features of formation of unified tariff system cus toms legislation of the Russian empire and the Kingdom of Poland in the late 40’s of the 19th century
Authors: Абашева Екатерина , Abasheva Ekaterina 
Published: March 2017

This articke discloses a process for legalization of the principles
and foundations of the content of the customs legislation of the
Russian Empire in the late 40s of the 19th century in connection with
the introduction of it, after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the
Kingdom of Poland at the Congress of Vienna in 1815.
Legal relations, developing and solving in me diation
Authors: Владимирова Маргарита , Vladimirova Margarita 
Published: March 2017

The author offers to consider the civil side of mediation,
civil procedure, which includes functioning schemes of contractual
arrangements. The article analyzes separate real and binding relations
in mediation, components of a frame of interacting interdependent
civil rights and liabilities. Mediation is analyzed as a separate right
and a complex system of rights, which absorbing various elements of
certain legal capacity. Made assumptions about the expansion of
mediation use and its influence on civil law field.
Patellar reconstruction following previous patellectomy: a review of the literature and a case series using distal femoral autograft during total knee arthroplasty
Authors: George DA , Dosani A , Morgan-Jones R 
Published: March 2017

During total knee arthroplasty, the reconstruction of the patella following a previous patellectomy is challenging, and is undertaken to improve functional outcomes and patient satisfaction. In this case series, we have reconstructed the patella using a femoral condyle resected during total knee arthroplasty. The resected femoral condyle with best available bone stock is selected and secured to the extensor mechanism. We reviewed the preoperative indications and postoperative outcomes of two patients who underwent the above procedure at our Institute, and compared this to the literature. The cases include a 68-year old male (6 months follow-up) who sustained a multi-fragmentary fracture of his right patella and underwent a patellectomy 30 years previously, and a 45-year old female (4 years follow-up) who underwent a left-sided patellectomy 15 years previously following polytrauma. As a result of progressive osteoarthritis they required total knee arthroplasty, and simultaneous patella reconstruction with a femoral condyle autograft. Compared to their preoperative range of motion, both patients demonstrated an improvement post-operatively with successful pain-free knee function, with no radiological signs of graft resorption. In this limited, small series we have reported two patients who are clinically and functionally satisfied by the outcome of surgery, with comparable outcomes to alternative methods. We believe the use of a femoral condyle autograft for patellar reconstruction is a safe and simple technique that optimises knee kinematics, without associated donor morbidity.
Serviços de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vínculos na Relação Família e Sociedade
Authors: Souza Antônia Luzinete de , Rocha Leonardo Manuel Das Neves 
Published: March 2017

A partir da Constituição de 1988 os direitos dos cidadãos foram ampliados, sendo incluídos nestes os direitos sociais. Assim as políticas voltadas para assistência social sofreram transformações, principalmente à partir de 2005 com a criação do SUAS (Sistema Único de Assistência Social), que modificou a elaboração e execução das políticas públicas no país. Verifica-se então que com a descentralização modificou o processo de gestão das políticas públicas atuais, principalmente no destino dos recursos e na qualidade da assistência. Sendo assim verificou-se também a grande importância da atuação do gestor público municipal neste contexto. A principal função dos CRAS é proporcionar o fortalecimento da capacidade protetora das famílias referenciadas, sua relação no contexto familiar e entre a comunidade. A presente dissertação tem como intuito apresentar as ações desenvolvidas nestes respectivos campos de estágio na busca pela construção dos vínculos familiares e comunitários, considerando que isto se coloca como um desafio ao profissional do serviço social e aos demais trabalhadores do SUAS. Esse estudo teve por objetivo averiguar a história e a realidade de algumas famílias participantes dos grupos de convivência dos CRAS procurando perceber até que ponto, os objetivos dos SCFV, se consolidam no cotidiano dessas famílias dentro e fora do espaço do CRAS.
Mito e Religiosidade na Sociedade Líquida
Authors: Oliveira Neto Edival Saraiva de , Carvalho Anna Christina Farias de 
Published: March 2017

O conceito de Zigmund Bauman (2001)3 acerca da Modernidade, apresenta características como individualidade, consumismo, liquidez, fluidez, apontando para uma sociedade onde tudo se resume em “bens consumíveis”, e por extensão também os “bens de salvação”, lembrando Bourdieu (2005) incluindo as relações afetivas, tudo ao alcance do click de um mouse. Nesse sentido, a “fluidez” característica do homem pós-moderno faz com que as relações sociais de establishment não tenham a concretude de outrora, pois “nada é eterno” ou duradouro, nem a religião, nem as relações afetivas, a vida profissional e familiar, são aspectos do social impregnados dessa “liquidez”. Nesse contexto, nossa pesquisa em andamento, objetiva analisar na obra de Z. Bauman como o homem pós-moderno percebe Deus, as formas religiosas e o mito. Diante dessas considerações, pergunta-se: há em Bauman uma teoria completa da religião? A metodologia utilizada será qualitativa, com ênfase na análise textual e fontes bibliográficas e eletrônicas. Pretendemos com essa investigação compreender o pensamento baumaniano sobre a modernidade, que segundo Bauman (1998) interfere profundamente na religião e cujo aspecto permanente é a “liquidez”, apontando para uma mudança sociocultural que submerge a estrutura fixa e emerge uma estrutura extremamente móvel.
Política Educacional: Uma Análise sobre a Educação Pública e a Formação dos Jovens
Authors: Sampaio Maria Lucineide Caetana Barbosa 
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo discute sobre as preocupações relacionadas aos jovens estudantes do Ensino Médio, bem como faz uma análise das Políticas Públicas existentes na educação básica, levando em consideração todas as problemáticas atuais e a relação entre jovens, escola e mercado de trabalho.Faz-se necessário que se compreenda o momento social em que os adolescentes do século XXI estão inseridos, suas reais necessidades e seus anseios, para que se faça uma melhor análise de como a educação vem ajudando o jovem. No momento histórico, político e social, pode-se apontar as principais falhas e a contradição existente entre aquilo que se espera da educação básica e o que ela oferece na realidade. Para tanto, faz-se necessário compreender o conceito de políticas educacionais e como se constrói uma Política Pública; como elas agem na amenização dos problemas existentes na sociedade e o que pode ser feito para que essas políticas garantam de verdade os direitos de cidadania dos jovens estudantes do Ensino Médio.
MENAFSIR MASYARAKAT ADAT HATUHAHA AMARIMA DENGAN PENDEKATAN HERMENEUTIKA PAUL RICOEUR DAN SIGNIFIKANSINYA UNTUK HIDUP DALAM PERSAUDARAAN
Authors: A. Uhi Jannes 
Published: March 2017

Abstract Hermeneutics is no longer focused on the written text, but has grown and that concerns to the spoken texts. The development of hermeneutics of interpretation of written text into spoken text is intended to express the meaning behind human actions are not mentioned in the article. Phenomenology indigenous of Hatuhaha Amarima with the culture’s through meaningful when interpreted with Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutic approach. Deepest meaning of phenomenology indigenous of Hatuhaha Amarima useful in establishing a life together in religious differences. Religious differences to provide awareness for indigenous peoples to survive in there al brotherhood became everyone's expectations. Keywords: hermeneutics, Hatuhaha Amarima, brotherhood
MUWUJUDKAN BUDAYA POLITIK SANTUN, BERSIH DAN BERETIKA DALAM RANGKA MEMPERKOKOH KEHIDUPAN BERBANGSA DAN BERNEGARA
Authors: Widodo Wahyu 
Published: March 2017

Abstract Makalah ini membahas konsep budaya politik berpusat pada imajinasi (pikiran dan perasaan) manusia yang merupakan dasar semua tindakan. Dalam rangka menuju arah pembangunan dan modernisasi suatu masyarakat akan menempuh jalan yang berbeda antara satu masyarakat dengan yang lain, dan itu terjadi karena peranan kebudayaan sebagai salah satu faktor. Budaya politik dapat membentuk aspirasi, harapan, preferensi, dan prioritas tertentu dalam menghadapi tantangan yang ditimbulkan oleh perubahan sosial politik. Pada gilirannya, disimpulkan bahwa peran budaya politik santun, bersih dan beretika dalam rangka memperkokoh kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara menuju Indonesia baru adalah: pertama, etika politik dan pemerintahan mengandung misi kepada setiap pejabat dan elite politik untuk bersikap jujur, amanah, sportif, siap melayani, berjiwa besar, memiliki keteladanan, rendah hati, dan siap untuk mundur dari jabatan publik apabila terbukti melakukan kesalahan dan secara moral kebijakannya bertentangan dengan hukum dan rasa keadilan masyarakat. Kedua, perlu dilakukan upaya penanaman suatu kesadaran bahwa politik yang hendak kita perjuangkan bukan semata politik kekuasaan, melainkan suatu politik yang mengedepankan panggilan pengabdian demi kesejahteraan masyarakat luas, dialektika antara partai dan politikus serta masyarakat yang kritis. Ketiga, budaya politik santun, bersih dan beretika ini diperlukan karena dapat membuat para elite politik menjauhi sikap dan perbuatan yang dapat merugikan bangsa Indonesia. Akhirnya, disarankan agar dilaksanakan kembali pendidikan budi pekerti yang merupakan pondasi bagi pelaksanaan Civic Education agar tercipta generasi yang tidak hanya mau menjadi politisi, namun paham budaya dan etika politik. Kata kunci: budaya politik, kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara, menuju Indonesia baru
GENDER PERFORMANCE IN ELIZABETH GASKELL’S RUTH
Authors: Farmacelia Nurulhady Eta 
Published: March 2017

Gender adalah konstruksi sosial yang mengikat anggota masyarakat tertentu untuk menampilkan perilaku yang sesuai dengan identitas gendernya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tampilan gender dalam novel Ruth karangan Elizabeth Gaskell untuk mengetahui sudut pandang Inggris di era Victoria tentang gender sebagai konstruksi sosial. Tokoh tokoh dalam novel ini harus berperilaku yang sesuai dengan identitas gender mereka. Tokoh utama, Ruth, juga dihakimi berdasarkan tampilan gendernya, dan dia harus menerima hukuman masyarakat ketika dianggap melanggar aturan sebagai seorang perempuan. Dengan usaha sadarnya untuk berperilaku sesuai dengan ekspektasi masyarakat atas seorang perempuan, Ruth berhasil mendapatkan kembali tempat yang terhormat dalam masyarakat. Dari seorang yang dianggap sebagai perempuan jalang, Ruth kemudian dikenal sebagai malaikat penolong. Ruth dipandang berdasarkan identitas gender yang ia tampilkan, dan ia menjadi seorang perempuan yang terhormat dalam masyarakat. Kata kunci: gender, tampilan gender, konstruksi sosial