bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of STOP-Bang Questionnaire as a Screening Tool for Sleep Apnea and Postoperative Complications: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-analysis of Prospective and Retrospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Nagappa Mahesh , Patra Jayadeep , Wong Jean , Subramani Yamini , Singh Mandeep , Ho George , Wong David T. , Chung Frances 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND:
The risk of postoperative complications increases with undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The high-risk OSA (HR-OSA) patients can be easily identified using the STOP-Bang screening tool. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the association of postoperative complications in patients screened as HR-OSA versus low-risk OSA (LR-OSA).

METHODS:
The following data bases were searched from January 1, 2008, to October 31, 2016, to identify the eligible articles: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Databases of Systematic Reviews, Medline-in-Process & other nonindexed citations, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Sciences and Scopus. The search included studies with adult surgical patients screened for OSA with STOP-Bang questionnaire that reported at least 1 cardiopulmonary or any other complication requiring intensive care unit admission as diagnosis of outcome. We used a Bayesian random-effects analysis to evaluate the existing evidence of STOP-Bang in relation to OSA and to assess the association of postoperative complications with the identified HR-OSA patients by study design and methodologies.

RESULTS:
This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using 10 cohort studies: 23,609 patients (HR-OSA, 7877; LR-OSA, 15,732). The pooled odds of perioperative complications were higher in the HR-OSA versus LR-OSA patients (odds ratio 3.93, 95% credible interval, 1.85–7.77, P= .003; 6.86% vs 4.62%). The length of hospital stay was longer in HR-OSA by 2 days when compared with LR-OSA (5.0 ± 4.2 vs 3.4 ± 2.8 days; mean difference 2.01; 95% credible interval, 0.77–3.24; P= .005). Meta-regression to adjust for baseline confounding factors and subgroup analysis did not materially change the results.

CONCLUSIONS:
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that HR-OSA is related with higher risk of postoperative adverse events and longer length of hospital stay when compared with LR-OSA patients. Our findings support the implementation of the STOP-Bang screening tool for perioperative risk stratification.
Impact of Simulator-Based Training in Focused Transesophageal Echocardiography: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bloch Andreas , von Arx Robert , Etter Reto , Berger David , Kaiser Heiko , Lenz Armando , Merz Tobias M. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND:
The aim of the study was to determine if training in transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) using a TEE simulator improves the ability of novice operators to perform and interpret a focused critical care TEE.

METHODS:
In this prospective, randomized, controlled study with blinded outcome assessment, 44 intensive care unit trainees were randomly assigned to a control group receiving 4 hours of lecture-based training only, or an intervention group which was additionally trained for 4 hours using a TEE simulator. After the training intervention, each participant performed 2 TEEs in intensive care unit patients which were evaluated by blinded assessors. The imaging quality of TEEs was measured using a predefined examination quality score ranging from 0 to 100 points. The correct quantification of pathologies and the interpretation of the TEEs were evaluated by blinded assessors using focused and comprehensive expert TEEs as comparators.

RESULTS:
A total of 114 TEEs were assessed. The mean examination quality score was 55.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.3–61.5) for TEEs of the control group, 75.6 (95% CI, 70.1–81.0) for TEEs of the intervention group, and 88.5 (95% CI, 79.3–97.7) for TEEs in the expert group. The multiple comparisons revealed significant differences between all groups (19.7 [95% CI, 12.8–26.6], P < .001 for intervention versus control; 32.6 [95% CI, 23.0–42.3], P < .001 for expert versus control; 12.9 [95% CI, 3.4–22.5], P = .008 for expert versus intervention). Substantial agreement of the quantification and interpretation ratings of basic TEEs by the intervention (86.7% for quantification and 97.1% for interpretation) or expert group (93.2% for quantification and 98.4% for interpretation) with blinded assessors was detected. The control groups TEEs agreed less (75.6% for quantification and 91.8% for interpretation).

CONCLUSIONS:
Simulation-based TEE training improves the ability of novice operators to perform a focused critical care TEE in comparison to lecture-based education only. After 8 hours of simulator and lecture-based training, the majority of TEEs of novices are of sufficient quality for clinical use. Furthermore, a substantial skill level in correct quantification and interpretation of imaging is achieved.
High-Speed Melting Analysis: The Effect of Melting Rate on Small Amplicon Microfluidic Genotyping
Authors: Pryor Robert J , Myrick Joseph T , Palais Robert A , Sundberg Scott O , Paek Jeanette Y , Wittwer Carl T , Knight Ivor T 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
High-resolution DNA melting analysis of small amplicons is a simple and inexpensive technique for genotyping. Microfluidics allows precise and rapid control of temperature during melting.

METHODS
Using a microfluidic platform for serial PCR and melting analysis, 4 targets containing single nucleotide variants were amplified and then melted at different rates over a 250-fold range from 0.13 to 32 °C/s. Genotypes (n = 1728) were determined manually by visual inspection after background removal, normalization, and conversion to negative derivative plots. Differences between genotypes were quantified by a genotype discrimination ratio on the basis of inter- and intragenotype differences using the absolute value of the maximum vertical difference between curves as a metric.

RESULTS
Different homozygous curves were genotyped by melting temperature and heterozygous curves were identified by shape. Technical artifacts preventing analysis (0.3%), incorrect (0.06%), and indeterminate (0.4%) results were minimal, occurring mostly at slow melting rates (0.13–0.5 °C/s). Genotype discrimination was maximal at around 8 °C/s (2–8 °C/s for homozygotes and 8–16 °C/s for heterozygotes), and no genotyping errors were made at rates &gt;0.5 °C/s. PCR was completed in 10–12.2 min, followed by melting curve acquisition in 4 min down to &lt;1 s.

CONCLUSIONS
Microfluidics enables genotyping by melting analysis at rates up to 32 °C/s, requiring &lt;1 s to acquire an entire melting curve. High-speed melting reduces the time for melting analysis, decreases errors, and improves genotype discrimination of small amplicons. Combined with extreme PCR, high-speed melting promises nucleic acid amplification and genotyping in &lt; 1 min.
Jenseits des Alphabets – Kommunikation mit Emojis
Authors: Dürscheid Christa , Siever Christina Margrit 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The paper provides an overview of the functions of emojis in everyday written communication – either used to complement or to replace text. The first chapter presents the current research literature on this topic and addresses the differences between unicode emojis and the former ASCII-signs. Then we discuss a question hotly debated by the public: May emojis be considered the basis of a new universal language? After having shown on both the lexical and the grammatical level that this cannot be the case we move on to the question whether, within our alphabetic system of writing, emojis may be used as additional graphic signs. The last chapter offers some examples of WhatsApp messages containing emojis in the various functions discussed before (as allographs and ideograms, for instance). Furthermore, a frequency analysis based on the Swiss WhatsApp corpus shows the distribution of emojis in these data.
Kinematic and Neuromuscular Measures of Intensity During Plyometric Jumps
Authors: Andrade David Cristóbal , Manzo Oscar , Beltrán Ana Rosa , Álvarez Cristian , Del Rio Rodrigo , Toledo Camilo , Moran Jason , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Andrade, DC, Manzo, O, Beltrán, AR, Álvarez, C, Del Rio, R, Toledo, C, Moran, J, and Ramirez-Campillo, R. Kinematic and neuromuscular measures of intensity during plyometric jumps. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3395–3402, 2020—The aim of this study was to assess jumping performance and neuromuscular activity in lower limb muscles after drop jumps (DJs) from different drop heights (intensity) and during continuous jumping (fatigue), using markers such as reactive strength, jump height, mechanical power and surface electromyography (sEMG). The eccentric (EC) and concentric (CON) sEMG from the medial gastrocnemius (MG), biceps femoris (BF), and rectus (R) muscles were assessed during all tests. In a cross-sectional, randomized study, 11 volleyball players (age 24.4 ± 3.2 years) completed 20–90-cm (DJ20 to DJ90) DJs and a 60-second continuous jump test. A 1-way analysis of variance test was used for comparisons, with Sidak post hoc. The α level was <0.05. Reactive strength was greater for DJ40 compared with DJ90 (p ≤ 0.05; effect size (ES): 1.27). In addition, jump height was greater for DJ40 and DJ60 compared with DJ20 (p ≤ 0.05; ES: 1.26 and 1.27, respectively). No clear pattern of neuromuscular activity appeared during DJ20 to DJ90: some muscles showed greater, lower, or no change with increasing heights for both agonist and antagonist muscles, as well as for EC and CON activity. Mechanical power, but not reactive strength, was reduced in the 60-second jump test (p ≤ 0.05; ES: 3.46). No changes were observed in sEMG for any muscle during the EC phase nor for the R muscle during the CON phase of the 60-second jump test. However, for both MG and BF, CON sEMG was reduced during the 60-second jump test (p ≤ 0.05; ES: 5.10 and 4.61, respectively). In conclusion, jumping performance and neuromuscular markers are sensitive to DJ height (intensity), although not in a clear dose-response fashion. In addition, markers such as mechanical power and sEMG are, especially sensitive to the effects of continuous jumping (fatigue). Therefore, increasing the drop height during DJ does not ensure a greater training intensity and a combination of different drop heights may be required to elicit adaptations.
Resistance Exercise Order Does Not Affect the Magnitude and Duration of Postexercise Blood Pressure in Older Women
Authors: Tomeleri Crisieli M. , Nunes João Pedro , Souza Mariana F. , Gerage Aline Mendes , Marcori Alexandre , Iarosz Kessi Cassiane , Cardoso-Júnior Crivaldo Gomes , Cyrino Edilson S. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Tomeleri, CM, Nunes, JP, Souza, MF, Gerage, AM, Marcori, A, Iarosz, KC, Cardoso-Júnior, CG, and Cyrino, ES. Resistance exercise order does not affect the magnitude and duration of postexercise blood pressure in older women. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1062–1070, 2020—The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 resistance exercise order on postexercise blood pressure (BP) in trained nonhypertensive older women. Sixteen women (68.3 ± 3.3 years, 63.5 ± 11.6 kg, 157.5 ± 5.1 cm) performed 2 sessions with 8 exercises (3 sets of 8–12 repetitions) in distinct orders (from multi- to single-joint exercises [MS] or from single- to multijoint exercises [SM]) and a control session (CS), without exercise. Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were obtained pre- and postsessions (60 minutes). Postexercise hypotension was observed for systolic BP (SBP) and mean BP in both the MS session (SBP: −6.9 mm Hg, mean BP: −3.3 mm Hg, p ≤ 0.05) and SM session (SBP: −4.6 mm Hg; mean BP: −1.1 mm Hg). Postexercise HR was higher than presession values until 30 minutes of recovery in both training sessions. Furthermore, SBP and mean BP, and HR were lower than the values obtained in the CS (30–60 minutes and 0 minutes, respectively; p ≤ 0.05). There were no differences between the SM and MS sessions in any variable or at any moment. In conclusion, resistance exercise order does not interfere in the magnitude and duration of postexercise hypotension in trained nonhypertensive older women.
Mutant Huntingtin Is Secreted via a Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Unconventional Secretory Pathway
Authors: Trajkovic Katarina , Jeong Hyunkyung , Krainc Dimitri 
Published: August 2017

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a CAG triplet in the gene encoding for huntingtin (Htt). The resulting mutant protein (mHtt) with extended polyglutamine (polyQ) sequence at the N terminus leads to neuronal degeneration both in a cell-autonomous and a non-cell-autonomous manner. Recent studies identified mHtt in the extracellular environment and suggested that its spreading contributes to toxicity, but the mechanism of mHtt release from the cell of origin remains unknown. In this study, we performed a comprehensive, unbiased analysis of secretory pathways and identified an unconventional lysosomal pathway as an important mechanism for mHtt secretion in mouse neuroblastoma and striatal cell lines, as well as in primary neurons. mHtt secretion was dependent on synaptotagmin 7, a regulator of lysosomal secretion, and inhibited by chemical ablation of late endosomes/lysosomes, suggesting a lysosomal secretory pattern. mHtt was targeted preferentially to the late endosomes/lysosomes compared with wild-type Htt. Importantly, we found that late endosomal/lysosomal targeting and secretion of mHtt could be inhibited efficiently by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and neutral sphingomyelinase chemical inhibitors, Ly294002 and GW4869, respectively. Together, our data suggest a lysosomal mechanism of mHtt secretion and offer potential strategies for pharmacological modulation of its neuronal secretion.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis is the first study examining the mechanism of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) secretion in an unbiased manner. We found that the protein is secreted via a late endosomal/lysosomal unconventional secretory pathway. Moreover, mHtt secretion can be reduced significantly by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitors. Understanding and manipulating the secretion of mHtt is important because of its potentially harmful propagation in the brain.
Feedback Signal from Motoneurons Influences a Rhythmic Pattern Generator
Authors: Rotstein Horacio G. , Schneider Elisa , Szczupak Lidia 
Published: August 2017

Motoneurons are not mere output units of neuronal circuits that control motor behavior but participate in pattern generation. Research on the circuit that controls the crawling motor behavior in leeches indicated that motoneurons participate as modulators of this rhythmic motor pattern. Crawling results from successive bouts of elongation and contraction of the whole leech body. In the isolated segmental ganglia, dopamine can induce a rhythmic antiphasic activity of the motoneurons that control contraction (DE-3 motoneurons) and elongation (CV motoneurons). The study was performed in isolated ganglia where manipulation of the activity of specific motoneurons was performed in the course of fictive crawling (crawling). In this study, the membrane potential of CV was manipulated whilecrawlingwas monitored through the rhythmic activity of DE-3. Matching behavioral observations that show that elongation dominates the rhythmic pattern, the electrophysiological activity of CV motoneurons dominates the cycle. Brief excitation of CV motoneurons duringcrawlingepisodes resets the rhythmic activity of DE-3, indicating that CV feeds back to the rhythmic pattern generator. CV hyperpolarization accelerated the rhythm to an extent that depended on the magnitude of the cycle period, suggesting that CV exerted a positive feedback on the unit(s) of the pattern generator that controls the elongation phase. A simple computational model was implemented to test the consequences of such feedback. The simulations indicate that the duty cycle of CV depended on the strength of the positive feedback between CV and the pattern generator circuit.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRhythmic movements of animals are controlled by neuronal networks that have been conceived as hierarchical structures. At the basis of this hierarchy, we find the motoneurons, few neurons at the top control global aspects of the behavior (e.g., onset, duration); and within these two ends, specific neuronal circuits control the actual rhythmic pattern of movements. We have investigated whether motoneurons are limited to function as output units. Analysis of the network that controls crawling behavior in the leech has clearly indicated that motoneurons, in addition to controlling muscle activity, send signals to the pattern generator. Physiological and modeling studies on the role of specific motoneurons suggest that these feedback signals modulate the phase relationship of the rhythmic activity.
Meeting Report on Experimental Approaches to Evolution and Ecology Using Yeast and Other Model Systems
Authors: Jarosz Daniel F , Dudley Aimée M 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The fourth EMBO-sponsored conference on Experimental Approaches to Evolution and Ecology Using Yeast and Other Model Systems (https://www.embl.de/training/events/2016/EAE16-01/), was held at the EMBL in Heidelberg, Germany, October 19–23, 2016. The conference was organized by Judith Berman (Tel Aviv University), Maitreya Dunham (University of Washington), Jun-Yi Leu (Academia Sinica), and Lars Steinmetz (EMBL Heidelberg and Stanford University). The meeting attracted ∼120 researchers from 28 countries and covered a wide range of topics in the fields of genetics, evolutionary biology, and ecology, with a unifying focus on yeast as a model system. Attendees enjoyed the Keith Haring-inspired yeast florescence microscopy artwork (Figure 1), a unique feature of the meeting since its inception, and the 1 min flash talks that catalyzed discussions at two vibrant poster sessions. The meeting coincided with the 20th anniversary of the publication describing the sequence of the first eukaryotic genome, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Many of the conference talks focused on important questions about what is contained in the genome, how genomes evolve, and the architecture and behavior of communities of phenotypically and genotypically diverse microorganisms. Here, we summarize highlights of the research talks around these themes. Nearly all presentations focused on novel findings, and we refer the reader to relevant manuscripts that have subsequently been published.
National and Organizational Culture, Performance Evaluation and Trust: Evidence from Multinational Company Subsidiary in Indonesia
Authors: Purwohedi Unggul 
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of national and organizational culture on the relationship between accounting and trust in a subsidiary of a Western Multi-National Company (MNC) in Indonesia. This study use a qualitative field study of one French MNC subsidiary and interview four expatriate directors, nine Indonesian managers and 10 Indonesian employees. Key themes were identified with the assistance of NVivo software. In this study, accounting, through formal performance evaluation, contributes to trust building between supervisors and their subordinates. Formal performance evaluation through transparent and objective evaluation increases trust in the supervisor. On the other hand, informal performance evaluation tends to decrease trustful behaviour due to secrecy in the evaluation process. It appears that Indonesian national culture does influence organizational culture preference in the local staff. Individuals share national culture as a result of values developed from family, religion, education, and experience.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i2.4733
Empoderamiento de líderes comunitarias afrocolombianas desde la Atención Primaria de Salud
Authors: Velásquez G. Vilma Florisa , Barreto Yenny Marcela , López Alba Lucero 
Published: August 2017

Objetivo: Describir los resultados cualitativos del programa de Atención Primaria de Salud (aps) Centro de Desarrollo Humano Comunitario adaptado a la cultura, para el empoderamiento de líderes comunitarias afrocolombianas en Guapi, Colombia.Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, con observación participante registrada en diarios de campo. El análisis se realizó de forma inductiva interpretando el programa de aps Centro de Desarrollo Humano Comunitario, en Guapi, Colombia. Participaron 30 líderes comunitarias afrocolombianas.Resultados: Del estudio emergieron las siguientes tres categorías: Mayor espiritualidad y competencia cultural; Estabilidad y control con participación en microempresas; y Crecimiento en la toma de decisiones en equipo. Conclusiones: El programa de aps permite contribuir al empoderamiento de líderes comunitarias afrocolombianas,promoviendo el control y la participación social en virtud delautoconocimiento, la organización, la colaboración comunitaria, el trabajo intersectorial y la gestión de proyectos en crecimiento. Estos factores son claves para, mediante el progreso socioeconómico, mejorar la salud y el desarrollo integral de la comunidad.
Mídia virtual como apoio aos adolescentes com doença crônica que buscam informação em saúde
Authors: Santos Gabriela Silva dos , Tavares Cláudia Mara de Melo , Queiroz Ana Beatriz Azevedo , Almeida Inez Silva de , Pereira Cosme Sueli De Faria , Ferreira Rejane Eleuterio 
Published: August 2017

Objetivo: Analizar la información sobre salud que los adolescentes con enfermedades crónicas buscan en medios virtuales de apoyo.Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, de enfoque cualitativo, realizado en 12 adolescentes que viven con enfermedadcrónica. Como técnica de recolección de datos, se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el análisis de contenido de Bardin.Resultados: Los datos, al ser codificados e interpretados, resultaron en tres ejes temáticos: Demanda de informaciónrelacionada con la definición de enfermedad crónica, Demanda de información relacionada con la esperanza de vida del adolescente con enfermedad crónica y Demanda deinformación relacionada con la estética del adolescente con enfermedad crónica.Conclusiones: Los adolescentes que sufren una enfermedad crónica buscan apoyo en las redes virtuales mediante la información sobre salud. Esta tendencia muestra que debemosrenovar nuestra perspectiva, como profesionales de salud, sobrelos procesos de auxilio y cuidado, a través de una inserción de las prácticas profesionales de la Enfermería en la sociedad tecnológica actual.