bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expectations Management
Authors: Versano Tsahi , Trueman Brett 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
This paper analyzes a manager's optimal expectations management strategy in a setting in which the manager provides forecast guidance to an analyst both privately and publicly. Conventional wisdom suggests that managers use private communications with analysts and public earnings forecasts interchangeably to guide analysts' earnings forecasts downward toward lower earnings targets. Our analysis shows that in markets with rational investors, private and public guidance play very different roles in managing expectations, and that managers benefit from downward guidance only in their private communication with analysts. In their public forecasts, they benefit from introducing an upward bias. We explore how the effectiveness of the private and public channels in communicating information to analysts affects managers' incentive to engage in expectations management, and provide a number of empirical predictions. Among other results, we show how reducing private communication between managers and analysts (through means such as Regulation Fair Disclosure) can increase price efficiency, weaken managers' motivation to engage in private, as well as public, expectations management, and increase managers' motivation to provide public disclosures.
Le « Right to request flexible working » : un outil favorable aux employés proches aidants ?
Authors: Nogues Sarah , Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle 
Published: November 2016

Au Canada, une consultation nationale a évoqué la pertinence d'instaurer un nouveau droit : les travailleurs pourraient demander à leur employeur un aménagement flexible de leur temps ou de leur lieu de travail, à l'image du « RTR flexible working » anglo-saxon. Notre article s'intéresse à l'effet de ce droit dans trois pays du Commonwealth où il a été instauré au cours des années 2000. Nous analysons sa pertinence en tant qu'instrument de politiques publiques visant un changement d'attitude managérial face aux accommodements que souhaiteraient des employés ayant des responsabilités familiales complexes, comme les proches aidants. Notre revue de la littérature montre que le RTR a eu un effet mitigé dans les milieux de travail, mais qu'il amène certains employeurs à offrir plus de mesures de flexibilité à leurs employés.
Presuppositions and salience: An experimental approach
Authors: Jayez Jacques , Reinecke Robert 
Published: November 2016

We present an EEG-based experimental investigation on additive dis course continuations of factive sentences according to a pattern: "Paul knows that Peter takes the bus. Louis too takes/knows . . ." . We want to determine whether reference to the main content (with "knows") or to the presupposition (with "takes") elicits a different brain response. We conclude from the data that there is no trace of electrical waveforms usually associated with deviation from a norm or reprocessing, although there is an observable moderate contrast in the 250-400 ms time window at frontal sites, which is in need of controlled replication to be properly interpreted.
Visual Performance in the Long Term With Secondary Add-on Versus Primary Capsular Bag Multifocal Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Schrecker Jens , Langenbucher Achim 
Published: November 2016

PURPOSE:
To compare the long-term results of a secondary sulcus-placed, multifocal add-on intraocular lens (IOL) with those of a multifocal IOL implanted in the capsular bag.

METHODS:
In this prospective clinical trial, 30 pseudophakic eyes were treated with a multifocal add-on IOL and 30 cataractous eyes with a standard multifocal IOL. The main outcome measures comprised manifest refraction, visual acuity, defocus curves, and contrast sensitivity. Patients who had bilateral implantation of the same lens type were asked to complete a questionnaire.

RESULTS:
One year postoperatively, all eyes from the multifocal add-on IOL group (add-on group) and 97% from the standard multifocal IOL group (standard group) were within ±0.50 diopters (D) of emmetropia. In both groups, median uncorrected distance and intermediate visual acuity were 20/20 and 20/25, respectively. Median uncorrected near visual acuity was 20/20 in the add-on group and 20/25 in the standard group. The survey analysis resulted in a slightly higher patient satisfaction in the standard group regarding distance and near vision without glasses. Contrast sensitivity measures were comparable in both groups. Halos were the most commonly reported visual disturbance, but the perceived impairment by light effects was minimal even in the early postoperative period and the majority of patients got used to it relatively quickly.

CONCLUSIONS:
Secondary multifocal add-on IOL implantation provides the opportunity for multifocal imaging in already pseudophakic eyes. The functional outcomes are comparable to those achieved after primary multifocal IOL implantation in the capsular bag.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016:32(11):742–747.]
Double-Pass Retina Point Imaging for the Evaluation of Optical Light Scatter, Retinal Image Quality, and Staging of Keratoconus
Authors: Leonard Anthony P. , Gardner Scott D. , Rocha Karolinne M. , Zeldin Evan R. , Tremblay David M. , Waring George O. 
Published: November 2016

PURPOSE:
To measure retinal image quality using point spread function (PSF) analysis by double-pass retina point imaging in patients with keratoconus and to correlate visual quality with disease severity.

METHODS:
Patients diagnosed as having keratoconus by clinical examination, topography, and tomography and normal eyes were included in this study. A commercially available double-pass retina point imaging instrument (OQAS 108 II AcuTarget HD; Visiometrics S.L., Terrassa, Spain) was used to collect Objective Scatter Index (OSI) values in 21 keratoconic and 22 normal eyes. Eyes were also subjected to corneal topography and tomography, and staged using the Keratoconus Severity Score (KSS) and Amsler–Krumeich (AK) scales.

RESULTS:
The OSI was increased in keratoconic eyes (5.85 ± 0.98) versus control eyes (0.83 ± 0.12; mean ± SEM), in AK stages 1 to 4, and KSS stages 3 and 4. Receiver-operator characteristic analysis obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.859 when evaluating the OSI as a unimodal diagnostic indicator for any KSS stage and 0.993 for KSS stages 3 and higher. An AUC of 0.949 was obtained in comparing eyes with lower severity topographic aberrations (KSS 1 and 2) versus mild to moderate keratoconus (KSS 3 and 4). Increasing corneal steepening patterns on tomography and topography were associated with PSF broadening and increased OSI.

CONCLUSIONS:
Double-pass retina point imaging is useful in correlating retinal image quality with keratoconus severity. The OSI may represent a clinically significant parameter for staging keratoconus with a unique ability to directly evaluate quality of vision in this population.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(11):760–765.]
Generation of Immunity against Pathogens via Single-Domain Antibody–Antigen Constructs
Authors: Duarte Joao N. , Cragnolini Juan J. , Swee Lee Kim , Bilate Angelina M. , Bader Justin , Ingram Jessica R. , Rashidfarrokhi Ali , Fang Tao , Schiepers Ariën , Hanke Leo , Ploegh Hidde L. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
mAbs specific for surface proteins on APCs can serve as Ag-delivery vehicles that enhance immunogenicity. The practical use of such constructs is limited by the challenge of expressing and modifying full-sized mAbs. We generated single-domain Ab fragments (VHHs) specific for class II MHC (MHCII), CD11b, and CD36. VHH sequences were modified by inclusion of a C-terminal sortase motif to allow site-specific conjugation with various Ag payloads. We tested T cell activation using VHHs that target distinct APC populations; anti-MHCII adducts elicited strong activation of CD4+ T cells, whereas anti-CD11b showed CD8+ T cell activation superior to targeting via MHCII and CD36. Differences in Ag presentation among constructs were unrelated to dendritic cell subtype or routing to acidic compartments. When coupled to antigenic payloads, anti-MHCII VHH primed Ab responses against GFP, ubiquitin, an OVA peptide, and the α-helix of influenza hemagglutinin’s stem; the last afforded protection against influenza infection. The versatility of the VHH scaffold and sortase-mediated covalent attachment of Ags suggests their broader application to generate desirable immune responses.
Anuran larvae diet from agroecosystem’s ponds: environmental quality and implications for their populations
Authors: Babini Selene , Cibils Martina Luciana , Luque Elisa , Gari Noemi , Salas Nancy , Martino Adolfo L. 
Published: November 2016

<p>Agriculture is considered an important factor for the decline of amphibians recorded in the last decades. Intensive agriculture requires the application of great amounts of pesticides and fertilizers, consequently many aquatic habitats have been altered. The over-enrichment of waters with nutrients from agriculture causes growth of algae and cyanobacteria and the shift of the community composition toward the dominance of tolerant taxa. The aim of this study was to analyze the diet of tadpoles and the size of larvae and metamorphs of the native species <em>Rhinella arenarum </em>in agroecosystems of central Argentina. Four sampling sites with different degree of human disturbance were selected, three temporary ponds from agroecosystems (A1, A2, A3), and a pond in a semi-modified landscape, not affected by agriculture or cattle. The sites were visited once a week from October 2013 to January 2014. Tadpoles and metamorphs were captured, anesthetize and preserved. Morphometric parameters were measured on tadpoles and metamorphs and for 20 tadpoles the complete intestine was removed and their contents analyzed. Phosphate values were higher in agroecosystem ponds. Body size and mass of tadpoles and metamorphs were different between sites, being smaller in agricultural ponds. Diet analysis revealed that all larvae mainly consumed microalgae. Larval diets allowed differentiating the sites, larvae from A1 and A3 sites showed a diet with a similar composition and structure (with a predominance of <em>Nitzschia palea</em>), meanwhile larvae from A2 and SM showed different diets. In SM, the larvae mainly consumed <em>Trachelomonas </em>sp. Analysis of structural variables revealed a higher algal abundance in the diet of larvae from A3, a lower richness in SM and that there were no differences between sites in diversity and evenness of diets. Our hypothesis was support in part, given that resistant algae taxa were found in agroecosystem ponds and tadpoles and metamorphs were smaller, but larval diets showed higher abundance and richness. The analysis of the diet of aquatic stages of <em>R. arenarum</em> allowed us to know the trophic availability and environmental quality of temporary ponds from agroecosystems. </p>
Isolated Sphenoid Sinus Lesions: Experience with a Few Rare Pathologies
Authors: Sadashiva Nishanth , Nandeesh B. N. , Shukla Dhaval , Bhat Dhananjaya , Somanna Sampath , Devi Bhagavatula Indira 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Introduction: The sphenoid sinus is often neglected because of its difficult access. The deep position of the sphenoid sinus hinders early diagnosis of pathologies in that location. Delayed diagnosis can cause serious complications due to proximity to many important structures. Objectives: The aim of this study is to demonstrate different pathologies which can affect the sphenoid sinus and elucidate the findings. Methods: Cases of isolated sphenoid sinus lesions encountered in the neurosurgical setting which had rare pathologies are discussed. Pathologies such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis, solitary plasmacytoma, chordoma, pituitary adenoma, leiomyosarcoma, fungal infection, and mucocele which appeared primarily in sphenoid sinus are discussed along with their imaging features and pathological findings. Conclusion: Multitude of different pathologies can occur in sphenoid sinus. Detailed preoperative imaging is very helpful, but transnasal biopsy and histological study are required often for definitive diagnosis. The possible advantages of early diagnosis before spread of pathology for prognosis cannot be overemphasized.
Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Review of 97 Patients
Authors: Mehta Anish , Mahale Rohan , Buddaraju Kiran , Majeed Anas , Sharma Suryanarayana , Javali Mahendra , Acharya Purushottam , Srinivasa Rangasetty 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Background: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) has now become a standard treatment in eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who present within 4.5 h of symptom onset. Objective: To determine the usefulness of IVT and the subset of patients who will benefit from IVT in AIS within 4.5 h. Materials and Methods: Patients with AIS within 4.5 h of symptom onset who underwent IVT were studied prospectively. The study period was from October 2011 to October 2015. Results: A total of 97 patients were thrombolysed intravenously. The mean onset to needle time in all patients was 177.2 ± 62 min (range: 60–360). At 3 months follow-up, favorable outcome was seen in 65 patients (67.1%) and poor outcome including death in the remaining 32 patients (32.9%). Factors predicting favorable outcome was age <65 years (P = 0.02), the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) <15 (P < 0.001), small vessel occlusion (P = 0.006), cardioembolism (P = 0.006), and random blood sugar (RBS) <250 mg/dl (P < 0.001). Factors predicting poor outcome was diabetes mellitus (P = 0.01), dyslipidemia (P = 0.01), NIHSS at admission >15 (P = 0.03), RBS >250 mg/dl (P = 0.01), Dense cerebral artery sign, age, glucose level on admission, onset-to-treatment time, NIHSS on admission score >5 (P = 0.03), and occlusion of large artery (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Milder baseline stroke severity, blood glucose <250 mg/dL, younger patients (<65 years), cardioembolic stroke, and small vessel occlusion benefit from recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.
Aporte de los usuarios en la construcción de contenidos digitales en los principales medios de comunicación de la Comunidad Andina
Authors: Rivera Rogel Diana Elizabeth , Carrión Salinas Gianella , Córdova Camacho Jhoana 
Published: November 2016

Lograr una participación de los usuarios con tinte periodístico se ha convertido en el gran desafío de los medios digitales de la Comunidad Andina y del mundo. La presente investigación analiza las formas de interacción, medios para relacionarse, modelos y herramientas que poseen los cibermedios para que el usuario aporte datos relevantes. Los diarios digitales objeto de estudio son: El Comercio de Perú, El Tiempo de Colombia, El Deber de Bolivia y El Universo de Ecuador. Metodología. Se basa en una investigación de tipo cualitativa y cuantitativa, mediante la observación de los medios digitales durante dos semanas, para determinar niveles de interactividad y participación de los ciudadanos, criterios y valoraciones que dan a las noticias. Resultados. La investigación concluye que la participación de los usuarios proporciona credibilidad, mantiene al medio digital vivo y cumple con el propósito del cibermedio que es educar, entretener y formar a su audiencia. Los usuarios pueden ser incluso productores de nuevos contenidos y practicar un periodismo ciudadano responsable.
The spectral signature of cloud spatial structure in shortwave irradiance
Authors: Song Shi , Schmidt K. Sebastian , Pilewskie Peter , King Michael D. , Heidinger Andrew K. , Walther Andi , Iwabuchi Hironobu , Wind Gala , Coddington Odele M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In this paper, we used cloud imagery from a NASA field experiment in conjunction with three-dimensional radiative transfer calculations to show that cloud spatial structure manifests itself as a spectral signature in shortwave irradiance fields – specifically in transmittance and net horizontal photon transport in the visible and near-ultraviolet wavelength range. We found a robust correlation between the magnitude of net horizontal photon transport (H) and its spectral dependence (slope), which is scale-invariant and holds for the entire pixel population of a domain. This was surprising at first given the large degree of spatial inhomogeneity. We prove that the underlying physical mechanism for this phenomenon is molecular scattering in conjunction with cloud spatial structure. On this basis, we developed a simple parameterization through a single parameter ε, which quantifies the characteristic spectral signature of spatial inhomogeneities. In the case we studied, neglecting net horizontal photon transport leads to a local transmittance bias of ±12–19 %, even at the relatively coarse spatial resolution of 20 km. Since three-dimensional effects depend on the spatial context of a given pixel in a nontrivial way, the spectral dimension of this problem may emerge as the starting point for future bias corrections.
Brief communication: Loss and damage from a catastrophic landslide in Nepal
Authors: van der Geest Kees , Schindler Markus 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. This brief communication reports key findings of a recent piece of research that studied the impacts of the 2014 Jure landslide in Sindhupalchok (Nepal) and the effectiveness of household preventive and coping measures. The people-centered methods reveal not just what was lost in the disaster, but also how and why. A key finding of the household survey is that households in higher income groups incurred higher losses in monetary terms, simply because they had more to lose. By contrast, lower-income households lost more in relative terms: the value of their losses amounted to 14 times their annual earnings. Many lower-income households will never fully recover from this blow to their livelihoods and wellbeing. The findings have important implications for discussions on loss and damage valuation, compensation and relief.
Tendencias discursivas: cine colaborativo, comunicación social y prácticas de participación en internet
Authors: Villaplana Ruiz Virginia 
Published: November 2016

El presente artículo analiza las tendencias discursivas relacionadas con las formas de producción colaborativas en red y la imagen colectiva. El artículo desarrolla dos líneas organizadas: Antecedentes, prácticas de producción cinematográficas colaborativas (Collaborative film-making as process) y la producción audiovisual colaborativa como experiencia para configurar imaginarios sociales críticos. El artículo se compone de la recopilación de casos de estudio que argumenta la emergencia de experiencias y prácticas de producción colaborativa imbricadas con comunidades físicas y virtuales como: Cine sin Autor, Remapping Europe and Long Short Story. Estas prácticas colaborativas inciden en la creación de discursos contrahegemónico sobre el agenciamiento y la construcción de representaciones como parte de procesos de participación democrática y justicia social. Del mismo modo, el artículo propone la exploración de nuevas estrategias discursivas colaborativas relacionadas con los formatos participativos en el marco de la acción comunicativa y el arte colaborativo.
Jump to contact of hcp nanowires
Authors: Wakasugi Shinsaku , Kurokawa Shu , Sakai Akira 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Exploiting molecular dynamics simulations, we have investigated jump to contact (JC) at the recontact of broken Mg and Cd nanowires. We observed frequent JCs for junctions of these soft hcp metals, as previously reported for soft fcc metals [C. Untiedt et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 206801 (2007)]. Thus, the crystal structure matters little for JC, and the high rate of JC should be a common characteristic of soft metal junctions. Recontacts of broken nanowires also lead to the frequent formation of single-atom contacts (SACs). For comparison, we have also studied JC and the SAC formation for tip–sample junctions of Pb.
Proteogenomic analyses indicate bacterial methylotrophy and archaeal heterotrophy are prevalent below the grass root zone
Authors: Butterfield Cristina N. , Li Zhou , Andeer Peter F. , Spaulding Susan , Thomas Brian C. , Singh Andrea , Hettich Robert L. , Suttle Kenwyn B. , Probst Alexander J. , Tringe Susannah G. , Northen Trent , Pan Chongle , Banfield Jillian F. 
Published: November 2016

Annually, half of all plant-derived carbon is added to soil where it is microbially respired to CO2. However, understanding of the microbiology of this process is limited because most culture-independent methods cannot link metabolic processes to the organisms present, and this link to causative agents is necessary to predict the results of perturbations on the system. We collected soil samples at two sub-root depths (10–20 cm and 30–40 cm) before and after a rainfall-driven nutrient perturbation event in a Northern California grassland that experiences a Mediterranean climate. From ten samples, we reconstructed 198 metagenome-assembled genomes that represent all major phylotypes. We also quantified 6,835 proteins and 175 metabolites and showed that after the rain event the concentrations of many sugars and amino acids approach zero at the base of the soil profile. Unexpectedly, the genomes of novel members of the Gemmatimonadetes and Candidate Phylum Rokubacteria phyla encode pathways for methylotrophy. We infer that these abundant organisms contribute substantially to carbon turnover in the soil, given that methylotrophy proteins were among the most abundant proteins in the proteome. Previously undescribed Bathyarchaeota and Thermoplasmatales archaea are abundant in deeper soil horizons and are inferred to contribute appreciably to aromatic amino acid degradation. Many of the other bacteria appear to breakdown other components of plant biomass, as evidenced by the prevalence of various sugar and amino acid transporters and corresponding hydrolyzing machinery in the proteome. Overall, our work provides organism-resolved insight into the spatial distribution of bacteria and archaea whose activities combine to degrade plant-derived organics, limiting the transport of methanol, amino acids and sugars into underlying weathered rock. The new insights into the soil carbon cycle during an intense period of carbon turnover, including biogeochemical roles to previously little known soil microbes, were made possible via the combination of metagenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics.
The origin of the lower fourth molar in canids, inferred by individual variation
Authors: Asahara Masakazu 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundAn increase in tooth number is an exception during mammalian evolution. The acquisition of the lower fourth molar in the bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis, Canidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) is one example; however, its developmental origin is not clear. In some canids (Canidae), individual variation exist as supernumerary molar M4. This study focuses on the acquisition of the lower fourth molar in canids and proposes that the inhibitory cascade model can explain its origin.MethodsOcclusal view projected area of lower molars was determined from 740 mandibles obtained fromCanis latrans,Nyctereutes procyonoides, andUrocyon cinereoargenteusmuseum specimens. For each molar, relative sizes of molars (M2/M1and M3/M1scores) affected by inhibition/activation dynamics during development, were compared between individuals with and without supernumerary molar (M4).ResultsPossession of a supernumerary molar was associated with significantly larger M2/M1score inCanis latrans, M3/M1score inNyctereutes procyonoides, and M2/M1and M3/M1scores inUrocyon cinereoargenteuscompared to individuals of these species that lacked supernumerary molars.DiscussionWe propose that, in canids, the supernumerary fourth molar is attributable to reduced inhibition and greater activation during molar development. In the bat-eared fox, altered inhibition and activation dynamics of dental development during omnivorous-insectivorous adaptation may be a contributing factor in the origin of the lower fourth molar.