bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postpartum Contraception in Indonesian Teenager
Authors: Amelya Merry 
Published: October 2016

<p><strong>Background : </strong>Teenage pregnancy is a worldwide problem bearing serious social and medical implications relating to maternal and child health. Postpartum contraception in Indonesia teenager still being controversy issue in Indonesia, some opinion said contraception using in teenager will increase risk of sexual transmitted disease and against sociocultural. However, contraception is still important to prevent another unintended pregnancies. We aimed to evaluate the postpartum contraception preferences of teenagers.</p><p><strong>Methods : </strong>This is a cross sectional study performed over a period of 2 Years (January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014) in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital as tertiary center and teaching hospital in Indonesia, 350 randomly selected teenage mothers (aged 12-19) were compared with 350 randomly adult primigravida mothers (20-39 years). Variables of interest were the demographic characteristics of the women, their obstetric complications and the outcome compare with contraception preferences.</p><p><strong>Results :</strong> There were a total of 5449 deliveries during the study period, out which 372 (6.8%) were teenagers. In teenage group, the mean of age was 17,3 years old, most of the teenage mother latest education were junior high school (78,3%), unemployed (55,1%), married &lt; 6 month (40,8%), unintended pregnancy (56,6%), labor husband occupation (56%). The most commonly used postpartum contraceptive method was IUD (78,9%), DMPA injection (10%), implant (0,3%), and some of adolescent mothers did not use contraception (10,9%). There is significantly different contraception preferences between teenage mothers and adult primigravida mothers (p=0.009). Post partum contraception preferences in teenage mothers were significantly correlate with mother occupation (p=0.002), marital status (p=0.000), marriage age (p=0.000), unintended pregnancy (p=0.004), husband occupation (p=0.000), complications during pregnancy and delivery (p=0.000), gestational age (p=0.000), and babies birth weight (p=0.000). Teenage mother were given information about contraception by doctor after she came at delivery room. The doctor offered several postpartum contraception that can be used after delivery. Teenagers select a contraceptive method with consider the benefits and risks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong> <strong>:</strong> Providing adequate postpartum contraceptive education is therefore important for teenage mother.</p>
The Relationship Between Ramadan Fasting with Menstrual Cycle Pattern Changes in Teenagers
Authors: Ikhsan Muhammad 
Published: October 2016

<p><strong>Objective</strong></p><p>This study was to assess the relation between Ramadan fasting and menstrual cycle changes among teenagers</p><p><strong>Methods</strong></p><p>This is an observational study with cohort prospective approach. The target population was teenagers between 15-19 years old. 85 female students of 1 Senior High School in Manyak Payed District were enrolled in this study that fulfilled the inclusions criteria and failed exclusion criteria. Respondents were asked to fill the questionnaires regarding menstrual cycle for 4 consecutive months to assess their menstrual cycle. Parameter observed was changes in menstrual cycle which could be in duration, frequency, and menstrual blood volume. For menstrual blood volume, the quantification was using menstrual pictogram questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results</strong></p><p>among 85 female students enrolled, 14 students were menorrhagia and 6 students were oligomenorrhea during Ramadan fasting. There was no difference in menstrual cycle abnormalities during Ramadan fasting between the respondents who started fasting in follicular phase or luteal phase (p &gt; 0.05). However, for menstrual blood quantification, there was a significant difference between menstrual blood volume before and during Ramadan fasting. This was marked by the increased mean in menstrual blood volume as much as 13.84 mL (SD 18.69 mL; 9.8-17.87 mL 95% CI) with p value &lt; 0.0001.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p><p>During Ramadan fasting, there were changes in teenagers’ menstrual cycle especially in menstrual blood volume. There was significant difference (p &lt; 0.0001) in menstrual blood volume before and during Ramadan fasting. But, there was no difference in menstrual cycle abnormalities (menorrhagia and oligomenorrhea) between respondents who started fasting in follicular phase or luteal phase (p &gt; 0.05).</p>
Cut-off Value of Testosterone and FSH Level In Patient With Azoospermia
Authors: Basukarno Ari 
Published: October 2016

<p>Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) and Testosterone are important for spermatogenesis. Increased serum FSH and decreased testosterone are related to abnormal spermatogenesis. Azoospermia can be classified as obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia. This study aims to discover cut-off value of Testosterone and FSH in predicting obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia. From 1064 patients, 120 fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 66.7% in obstructive with 33.3% in non-obstructive group. No difference in terms of age (36,83 vs 36,62 y.o). Testosterone were 405.54 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 186.14 ng/dL vs 298.84 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 161.45 ng/dL (p=0.002) while FSH was 8,53 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 8,43 mIU/mL vs 20,12 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 11,89 mIU/mL (p&lt;0.001) for obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia respectively. Average testicular were 17.74 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 4.03 cc and 17.50 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 4.23 cc while in non-obstructive group are 12.97 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 5.18 cc and 13.37 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 5.31 cc for right and left testis respectively. FSH value above 10.36 mIU/mL has sensitivity 82.1% and specificity 79.5% for predicting non-obstructive azoospermia. Unfortunately, Testosterone could not be used in predicting azoospermia classification. Obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia could be predicted using FSH but not testosterone serum level. Higher testosterone population should be used for further study.</p>
Justification of Hard-to-Recovery Reserves Using Integrated Geological Parameters
Authors: Shandrygin A. , Dubrovky D. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The method of determine hard-to-recover reserves (HTRR) with using complex of geological and physical parameters of reservoirs for taken economic conditions is presented. This method is based on the construction of the multifunctional relations recoverable reserves of hydrocarbons with geological and physical parameters of deposits. The technique is realized in the form of the estimation of "index of reserves complexity" on the basis of the calculation of "coefficients of formation parameters complexity" for flow and capacity parameters of reservoir and fluid properties. "Index of reserves complexity" is used as criteria of assignment of reserves to HTRR category.
We demonstrated the need of integrating geological and physical parameters of formations to determine their critical values for assignment to HTRR. The examples of HTRR definition with using the proposed method are shown.
Experimental and Computational Complex for Determination of the Effectiveness of Cyclic Carbon Dioxide Injection for Tight Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Popov Evgeny , Myasnkov Artem , Cheremisin Alexey , Miftakov Ruslan , Stukachev Vladimir , Mukhametdinova Aliya 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The problems of numerical and experimental modeling of cyclic carbon dioxide injection in a supercritical state for low-permeability reservoirs were considered in this study. Sensitivity analysis of the cumulative oil production from a number of physical - chemical parameters of the reservoir was performed. The experimental and numerical simulation of cyclic injection of carbon dioxide (huff-n-puff) on core samples of low permeability reservoirs was carried out. Calculations of phase equilibrium pumping supercritical fluid were conducted. Two-dimensional model was proposed for huff-n-puff technology of cyclic injection of CO2, which is a periodic pumping in and pumping out of the solvent into the formation.
A Comprehensive Approach to Achieve Record Performance on Uvat Project
Authors: Moroz Pavel , Dorokhin Pavel , Nabiullin Salavat , Kustarev Dmitry , Vasilyev Alexander , Sigarev Sergey 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This paper presents the successful implementation of a new drilling optimization process applied during the West Siberia Uvat project. The optimization process produced outstanding results in daily drilling rate, mean rate of penetration (ROP), and overall drilling rate. This paper describes the planning and drilling process used during operations and the record-breaking results. Solutions and technologies were successfully replicated during the project. Drilling optimization combined with new technologies, such as the combined measurement-while-drilling (MWD) system and new generation of downhole drilling motors, significantly reduced drilling time. This paper discusses the collaborative effort that helped provide better understanding of the project's capabilities. It also describes the optimization of advanced technologies, which helped identify and eliminate risks. The practices described in this paper provide significant value to local operators and service companies that perform operations at high drilling rates.
Well Drilling Process Optimization in the Verkhnechonskoye Oil, Gas and Condensate Field
Authors: Dubrovin Andrey , Klabukov Andrey , Abaltusov Nikolay , Shulga Vladimir 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Verkhnechonskoye oil and gas field is characterized by complicated geological structure, which places restrictions on well profile, selection of BHA and the time required for hole conditioning prior to casing running and cementing. The objective of this paper was to run a number of experiments aimed at drilling process optimization and reduction of horizontal well construction time at Verkhnechonskoye field thanks to drilling 178-mm production casing section in one run.
The testing consisted of two phases.
In the first phase 178-mm section was drilled in two runs. At first, maximum rate of penetration was maintained before the first complicated interval – the Middle Motskaya sub-suite – was encountered. Then the assembly was pulled out of hole, and LWD tools were included in the BHA. Upon completion of drilling and during POOH standard procedures were followed, and production casing was immediately run in hole.
Then the experiment was run to drill the production casing section in one run using BHA which initially included a set of logging tools.
Both experiments were used to successfully test the downhole motor with a specially designed oil-resistant elastomer.
During the first series of experiments the time of 178-mm section drilling reduced by 12 to 30 hours, depending on the depth of production casing running.
Then, the interval was drilled in one run using LWD tools, and about two days were saved. Also, the mudstone interval remained exposed for a much shorter period (almost 2 days), which reduced the risk of caving.
Using logging tools while drilling enabled the Customer’s geology department to receive the data in real time, which gave them a better understanding TVD depth of production casing running.
The practice of drilling ahead with similar BHA including full LWD suite in other wells showed that significant depth and rigidity of the assembly made it impossible to use it, if the azimuth of the well changed by over 60°. At the casing setting depth exceeding 2700 m even without changes in azimuth, in lower intervals issues were encountered with transferring weight on bit while slide drilling, which resulted in significantly lower rate of penetration.
Another result of the experiment refers to the downhole motor with the oil-resistant elastomer. It worked throughout its warranty operating life – 147 hours of circulation – which allows recommending the motor for using with oil-based mud systems.
The experience obtained at Verkhnechonskoye field may be used at other fields with similar geology, primarily in Irkutsk region.
Installation of Longest Openhole Solid Expandable Tubular Technology on a Deepening Well in Western Kazakhstan
Authors: Aidoo Ato , Berto Pier Paolo , Gabdullina Mira , Amanov Bauyrzhan , Park Martin , Connell Sean , Orlandini Stefano , Andonovski Goran 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This paper discusses the use of Solid Expandable Technology that allowed well deepening to reach Pre-Tula reservoir while maximising production liner size. The planning and execution of the first Kazakhstan installation and world record expandable open hole liner (OHL) application are examined.
KPO b.v, operator of the Karachaganak field, planned to re-enter an old well, drilled in the former Soviet Union (FSU), abandon the existing openhole reservoir section, and sidetrack by kicking off directionally from cement plug, below the existing 7" production casing shoe. Due to the different pressure regimes (Permian - 1.03SG; Carboniferous reservoir - 0.83SG, and Tula bed formation 1.17SG) and the potential of taking losses and not reaching planned total depth of 5,267m with 5-7/8" hole, an expandable OHL was selected as a contingency option to isolate the high pressure Permian zone that transitions into a low pressure carboniferous zone with potential for loss of circulation. If needed, this would allow the Permian and Carboniferous to be isolated at top Tula, mud weight increased and reservoir drilled with 5" bit. This is larger than traditional well construction options maximising reservoir drainage.
After drilling to top Tula, the 5-7/8" section was under-reamed to 7", drift run was conducted and the 5-1/2" × 1,403m liner was deployed to 5,167m with no open hole challenges encountered. The expandable OHL was expanded leaving a 5.2" internal diameter, after the cementing job. The system was drilled out and the reservoir section drilled with 5" bit to planned TD; the 3-1/2" × 4-1/2" tapered production liner was then set across the reservoir.
This is believed to be the first installation in Kazakhstan and the longest 5-1/2" expandable OHL globally. The main objective of isolating the open hole section was achieved with no operational or safety incidents. The secondary objective of isolating a hydrocarbon bearing zone in the Carboniferous was achieved and verified by USIT that concluded that cement bond was of excellent quality across the section where future perforating may occur.
This paper provides well construction teams information on an alternative solution that could be used in many other wells across the Eurasia region. Understanding the benefits achieved by KPO b. v. on the Karachaganak field may open up opportunities to extend field life where traditional technology has been uneconomical.
Cement for temperature range 160-300 °C
Authors: Bakirov D. L. , Burdyga V. A. , Svyatukhova S. S. , Melekhov A. V. , Kafarova I. V. , Sledkov V. V. , Shadchnev A. N. , Shtyfel A. P , Yakunin S. A. , Chudinov V. A 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The study is concerned with thermal resistant cements designed for cementing the casing strings with thermal gas treatment of the formation drilled in the Sredne-Nazymskoe Field of the JSC RITEK.
Investigated were various cements compositions for thermal resistance at 160 °C, 200 °C and 300 °C. Methods were studied to increase thermal resistance of plant-manufactured cements and methods to augment the strength of the cement stone formed at hardening temperatures of up 90 °C.
Developed as a result of the study were: –a methodology and technology for assessing the thermal resistance of cements;–technological requirements to thermal resistant cements for cementing the wells, drilled in the Sredne-Nazymskoe Oilfield, according to which recipes for thermal-resistant cements were developed, both ultra-low density 1400 kg/m3 and normal density (1900 kg/m3), using plant-manufactured cement.
Field tests of the developed compositions were performed.
Improving the Quality of Cementing Lines and Conductors in the Conditions of Permafrost in the Fields in Eastern Siberia
Authors: Bykov V. V. , Paleev S. A. , Medvedev Y. V. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Well construction mates with many circumstances related to the quality of borehole sinking and cementing. Casing string cementing is one of the most important stages in well construction, summarizing drilling of certain well interval and prviding a further long-term correct operation of the whole well. In order to perform a correct cementing of well casing strings in the presence of permafrost formations (PFF), lost circulation zones of drilling fluid and reduced static temperatures it is required to apply an effective and reliable cementing formulaes, which allow to perform the well cementing in a qualitative manner, relatively cheap and without big labour costs and change of existing technologies.
The work represents the results of performance of laboratory investigations on selction of optimum recipe of grouting mixture of oil-well cement and high-test gypsum. As a result of development laboratory works the gypsum-cement recipe for casing strings cementing (324 mm conductors and 245 mm surface casings) in Eastern Siberia was developed. The differentia of this formulae from cements applied today, are optimum strength characteristics of cement stone and heightened setting time along with acceptable time of grouting mixture thickening.
The work represents the results of pilot testing on conductors cementing with application of the developed gypsum-cement formulae at twenty wells of three fields (Central area of Talakan field, Alinskoe and Eastern-Alinskoe field). As a result of practical application of grouting material with addition of gypsum cementing high-test separated one the following was achieved: improvement of casing string cementing quality and substantial effect on reduction of time of waiting on cement (WOC) two times less in comparison with the traditional cementing technology in PFF gross intervals.
Complex Approach to Well Construction with Cost Minimization in Complicated Mining and Geological Conditions
Authors: Predein Andrey , Klykov Pavel 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In economically difficult situation in the world including oil and gas industry the question of minimization of costs with use of innovative solutions is actual. Development of hardly removable resources to become possible due to complication of a design of wells and use of the hi-tech equipment. At the same time the question of stability of a well bore is particularly acute more than ever. In this article are provided the results of complex approach to well construction with cost minimization in complicated mining and geological conditions, developed by a Branch of LLC LUKOIL-Engineering "PermNIPIneft" in Perm.
Complex Approach to Drilling Optimization Doubled the Penetration Rates and Eliminated NPT
Authors: Kamatov Kamal , D’Amore Antoine 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Horizontal drilling and sidetracking of existing wellbores is one of the main methods of production level increase on brownfields. This paper describes the engineering study on drilling performance enhancement conducted for a group of oilfields in Western Siberia, Russia, where the operator company has just started sidetrack and horizontal drilling campaign.
The first several sidetracked wells drilled were characterized by high amounts of non-productive time (NPT) due to downhole tools failures and low penetration rates (ROP). For NPT root cause analysis, drilling surface logging data (including real-time torque and drag analysis) along with downhole measurement while drilling (MWD) vibrations data was analyzed and figured out the failures mechanisms. ROP improvement process included interpretation of LWD and wireline logs and their correlation with bottomhole assembly (BHA) performance via mechanical specific energy (MSE) approach.
A number of factors that led to overall unsatisfactory performance on sidetracks were identified. This included wrong bit selection, limited drilling parameters, hole quality problems and cleaning issues and several others. These issues were properly addressed with field-proven drilling optimization process, which resulted in doubling of previously achieved ROP and elimination of NPT. The next sidetrack was drilled with 40% reduction of average rig days per 1000 m. Based on experienced gained, a motorized rotary steerable system (RSS) BHA was selected for the next complex sidetrack well, and provided another record-breaking performance, with another 20% improvement of ROP. The successful techniques are currently being transferred from sidetracks to horizontal sections on new wellbores.
The paper represents latest achievements of ongoing drilling optimization process, which allowed the operator company to significantly decrease time and operational costs on drilling operations. The described complex geological and technological approach, along with revised wellbore placement, have led to main project performance indicators increase and next-step completion and production solutions for enhanced hydrocarbons recovery.
Drill Bit Evolution During Execution of Long-Term Offshore ERD Project
Authors: Bebeshko Ivan , Kazurov Andrey , Ruzhnikov Alexey , Zhentichka Maxim , Kuznetsov Alexander , Petrova Galina , Zvyagin Vasiliy 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Initial selection and further optimization of drill bits is one of the key factors of an effective drilling process, which is particularly important in high-cost projects. This article presents the incremental changes made to increase the ROP and mechanical efficiency of drill bits while drilling offshore extended-reach drilling (ERD) wells.
With the implementation of the tasks based on a well-by-well analysis of bits, recommendations were developed for optimizing the design of drill bits. These recommendations were based on results of bit simulations in specialized software with correlation of proposed models and actual results. Simultaneous bit optimization was performed in conjunction with other elements of the BHA with the help of an integrated engineering analysis system. The result was the development of new bit designs and sizes designed for drilling specific rock in specific fields.
In addition to the optimization of the drill bits themselves, a refined technological component was introduced: a real-time drillbit optimization system to enhance ROP, decrease bit wear while drilling, and ensure maximum run length via the optimization of drilling parameters.
Application of the proposed technical and technological changes has increased ROP up to two times, and enabled a bit to drill a 4,900-m section in one run with minimum bit wear, leading to a reduction in the cost of the well.
As a result, bits for ERD were optimized for each size, and a drilling parameters map was created. This map was updated based on the result of the construction of each well to ensure maximum efficiency with minimal bit wear during subsequent drilling.
Additionally, one of the most important results was a 6-year record of no NPT associated with the drill bits.
Experience gathered during the development of the bits using advanced modeling applications, together with real-time drilling optimization, will be applied on a nearby offshore field to minimize the time required to reach the optimal ROP.
This article describes the selection, optimization, and continuous improvement of drill bits using the latest techniques and technologies, the use of which occurred gradually during development over several years. The above approaches can be applied to ERD and standard horizontal wells worldwide.