bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal dynamics of particulate organic matter and its response to flooding in the Pearl River Estuary, China, revealed by stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) analyses
Authors: Ye Feng , Guo Wei , Shi Zhen , Jia Guodong , Wei Gangjian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNine cruises were conducted on a seasonal basis from 2013 to 2015 to investigate the spatial distribution and seasonal variability of δ13C and δ15N in particulate organic matter (POM), and its response to flooding in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), south China. Our study reveals highly variable isotope ratios between seasons in this subtropical estuary, following seasonal climatic and hydrological cycles. Wet seasons had more isotopically depleted δ13C values, indicating the dominance of terrestrial and freshwater algae POM, whereas the contribution from marine phytoplankton (16%–59%) was higher during the dry seasons. In contrast, δ15N exhibited a sharp increase (up to 17.6‰) at low salinities (0–5) during high flow seasons. This was consistent with high
concentrations, reflecting phytoplankton and bacteria assimilation of δ15N enriched‐
as well as notable isotope fractionation during microbial mineralization. There was little annual variability in δ13C over the 2 year period; however, particulate nitrogen (PN) exhibited lower concentrations but more enriched isotope values in 2015 than in 2014. This can be best explained by temperature‐modulated biological processing of particulate organic nitrogen, partially due to different biogeochemical responses during normal (2014) and strong El Niño (2015) years. After flooding in June 2015, terrestrial organic matter and freshwater phytoplankton were the major components of POM within the estuary and shelf areas, whereas marine phytoplankton was the dominant component in the adjacent coastal waters with mid‐salinities (10 < S < 20), as revealed by a phytoplankton bloom (>10 μg L−1) and δ13C‐enriched but δ15N‐depleted POM.
Dynamical ocean response to projected changes of the global water cycle
Authors: Liu Xin , Köhl Armin , Stammer Detlef 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOver the next century substantial changes will occur in the ocean as a consequence of an accelerated global hydrological cycle and the associated net surface freshwater flux change is projected to result from global warming. This paper is concerned with the dynamical response to the associated surface volume flux anomalies. Based on ocean model runs driven by RCP8.5 surface freshwater flux anomalies over the period 2081–2100 relative to 1986–2005, we show that the adjustment of the circulation involves a barotropic circulation response as predicted from the Goldsbrough‐Stommel theory. The corresponding barotropic circulation intensifies by approximately 20% with a stronger intensification of about 50% in the Southern Ocean, comparing to the present‐day Goldsbrough‐Stommel Circulation. The barotropic circulation anomaly induced by intensified freshwater flux reaches to 0.6 Sv in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region. The adjustment also involves changes in the meridional overturning circulation mirroring the basin‐wide averages of changes in the convergence and divergence of the mass transport driven by the surface volume flux. The subsequent pathways of fresh water match with the spreading of volume flux in the shallow cells but diverge substantially with depth. Associated with changes of the flow field are the changes in meridional heat and freshwater transports. Changes in the circulation also lead to a redistribution of temperature and salinity from which a significant contribution results in form of regional steric sea level changes. These changes are of the order of 0.5 cm and can be largely attributed to the displacement of the isopycnals.
Circulation in the northwest Laptev Sea in the eastern Arctic Ocean: Crossroads between Siberian River water, Atlantic water and polynya‐formed dense water
Authors: Janout Markus A. , Hölemann Jens , Timokhov Leonid , Gutjahr Oliver , Heinemann Günther 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates new observations from the poorly understood region between the Kara and Laptev Seas in the Eastern Arctic Ocean. We discuss relevant circulation features including riverine freshwater, Atlantic‐derived water, and polynya‐formed dense water, emphasize Vilkitsky Strait (VS) as an important Kara Sea gateway, and analyze the role of the adjacent ∼250 km‐long submarine Vilkitsky Trough (VT) for the Arctic boundary current. Expeditions in 2013 and 2014 operated closely spaced hydrographic transects and 1 year‐long oceanographic mooring near VT's southern slope, and found persistent annually averaged flow of 0.2 m s−1 toward the Nansen Basin. The flow is nearly barotropic from winter through early summer and becomes surface intensified with maximum velocities of 0.35 m s−1 from August to October. Thermal wind shear is maximal above the southern flank at ∼30 m depth, in agreement with basinward flow above VT's southern slope. The subsurface features a steep front separating warm (–0.5°C) Atlantic‐derived waters in central VT from cold (<–1.5°C) shelf waters, which episodically migrates across the trough indicated by current reversals and temperature fluctuations. Shelf‐transformed waters dominate above VT's slope, measuring near‐freezing temperatures throughout the water column at salinities of 34–35. These dense waters are vigorously advected toward the Eurasian Basin and characterize VT as a conduit for near‐freezing waters that could potentially supply the Arctic Ocean's lower halocline, cool Atlantic water, and ventilate the deeper Arctic Ocean. Our observations from the northwest Laptev Sea highlight a topographically complex region with swift currents, several water masses, narrow fronts, polynyas, and topographically channeled storms.
Orographic effects on the transport and deposition of volcanic ash: A case study of Mount Sakurajima, Japan
Authors: Poulidis Alexandros P. , Takemi Tetsuya , Iguchi Masato , Renfrew Ian A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractVolcanic ash is a major atmospheric hazard that has a significant impact on local populations and international aviation. The topography surrounding a volcano affects the transport and deposition of volcanic ash, but these effects have not been studied in depth. Here we investigate orographic impacts on ash transport and deposition in the context of the Sakurajima volcano in Japan, using the chemistry‐resolving version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Sakurajima is an ideal location for such a study because of the surrounding mountainous topography, frequent eruptions, and comprehensive observing network. At Sakurajima, numerical experiments reveal that across the 2–8ϕ grain size range, the deposition of “medium‐sized” ash (3–5ϕ) is most readily affected by orographic flows. The direct effects of resolving fine‐scale orographic phenomena are counteracting: mountain‐induced atmospheric gravity waves can keep ash afloat, while enhanced downslope winds in the lee of mountains (up to 50% stronger) can force the ash downward. Gravity waves and downslope winds were seen to have an effect along the dispersal path, in the vicinity of both the volcano and other mountains. Depending on the atmospheric conditions, resolving these orographic effects means that ash can be transported higher than the initial injection height (especially for ash finer than 2ϕ), shortly after the eruption (within 20 min) and close to the vent (within the first 10 km), effectively modifying the input plume height used in an ash dispersal model—an effect that should be taken into account when initializing simulations.
Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Oxacyclic Spirooxindole Derivatives through Ring‐Closing Enyne Metathesis and Intramolecular Pauson–Khand (2+2+1) Cyclization of Oxindole Enynes
Authors: Kandimalla Satheeshkumar Reddy , Sabitha Gowravaram 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn efficient approach for a reagent‐based diversity‐oriented synthesis (DOS) of novel fused spirooxindole scaffolds from oxindole enynes has been developed. The reaction involves a metal‐catalyzed C‐3 allylation/vinylation/homoallylation ofN‐substituted isatins which gives rise to the corresponding alcohols that can be converted into the required enynes. Further transformation to diverse complex molecular scaffolds proceedsviaa subsequent ruthenium‐catalyzed ring‐closing enyne metathesis (RCEYM), or cobalt‐catalyzed intramolecular Pauson–Khand (2+2+1) cyclization reaction (IPKR). This strategy provides a facile approach to various spirooxindole‐vinyldihydropyrans/tetrahydrooxepines and spirocyclic fused cyclopentenones in good to excellent yields.magnified image
Metal‐Free Activation of DMF by Dioxygen: A Cascade Multiple‐Bond‐Formation Reaction to Synthesize 3‐Acylindoles from 2‐Alkenylanilines
Authors: Wang Ji‐Bo , Li Yin‐Long , Deng Jun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA cascade C−N, C−C and C−O multiple‐bond‐formation reaction to synthesize 3‐acylindoles from 2‐alkenylanilines with DMF (N,N‐dimethylformamide) as a one‐carbon synthon is described. This approach employed dioxygen as a terminal oxidant and oxygen donor, generally provided the 3‐acylindoles in moderate to good yields. Moreover, the mechanistic investigation unambiguously revealed that the 2‐carbon of 3‐acylindole was derived from the N‐methyl group of DMF.magnified image
Phosphine‐Catalyzed [3+2] or [4+2] Cycloaddition/SN2 Substitution Domino Reaction of ortho‐Aminotrifluoroaceto‐ phenone Derivatives with Hex‐3‐yn‐2‐one: Preparation of Functionalized 1‐Benzazepine Compounds
Authors: Sun Yao‐Liang , Wei Yin , Shi Min 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we disclose a novel strategy for the phosphine‐catalyzed cycloaddition/SN2 substitution domino reaction, giving functionalized O‐bridged benzoazepine and benzoxazepine derivatives in moderate to good yields. Changing the N–H protecting group of ortho‐aminotrifluoroacetophenone derivatives gave different bridged‐ring products in one step.magnified image
Thermoresponsive hydrogels based on sucrose 1‐O′‐methacrylate and N‐isopropylacrylamide: Synthesis, properties, and applications
Authors: de Menezes Rafael Natal Lima , Camilo Ana Paula Rodrigues , Felisberti Maria Isabel 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTChemically crosslinked hydrogels composed of carbohydrate‐based and thermoresponsive monomers, sucrose 1‐O′‐methacrylate (SMA), sucrose dimethacrylate, and N‐isopropylacrylamide, respectively, were synthesized by free radical polymerization. These materials were characterized with respect to their composition, thermoresponsiveness, porosity, degradability, and as drug and protein delivery systems. Swelling studies, thermomechanical analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry showed that the lower critical solution temperature behavior of the hydrogels can be controlled by the SMA amount in the copolymers. On the other hand, thermoporometry showed that the pore size is somewhat dependent on the composition, which is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Hydrolytic degradation studies indicated that SMA side chains, as well as the crosslinker (sucrose dimethacrylate), are hydrolysable at corporeal temperature and pH 10, and the water swelling capability of the resulting materials increases as the hydrolysis degree increases. Finally, protein delivery studies revealed that the kinetics of release can be tailored by the copolymer composition. The results of this study suggest the potential application of these hydrogels in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45495.
Ensemble characterization of an intrinsically disordered FG‐Nup peptide and its F>A mutant in DMSO‐d6
Authors: Reid Korey M. , Sunanda Punnepalli , Raghothama S. , Krishnan V.V. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) lack a well‐defined 3D‐structure under physiological conditions, yet, the inherent disorder represented by an ensemble of conformation plays a critical role in many cellular and regulatory processes. Nucleoporins, or Nups, are the proteins found in the nuclear pore complex (NPC). The central pore of the NPC is occupied by Nups, which have phenylalanine‐glycine domain repeats and are intrinsically disordered, and therefore are termed FG‐Nups. These FG‐domain repeats exhibit differing cohesiveness character and differ from least (FG) to most (GLFG) cohesive. The designed FG‐Nup is a 25 AA model peptide containing a noncohesive FG‐motif flanked by two cohesive GLFG‐motifs (WT peptide). Complete NMR‐based ensemble characterization of this peptide along with a control peptide with an F>A substitution (MU peptide) are discussed. Ensemble characterization of the NMR‐determined models suggests that both the peptides do not have consistent secondary structures and continue to be disordered. Nonetheless, the role of cohesive elements mediated by the GLFG motifs is evident in the WT ensemble of structures that are more compact than the MU peptide. The approach presented here allows an alternate way to investigate the specific roles of distinct amino acid motifs that translate into the long‐range organization of the ensemble of structures and in general on the nature of IDPs.
Imaging gait analysis: An fMRI dual task study
Authors: Bürki Céline N. , Bridenbaugh Stephanie A. , Reinhardt Julia , Stippich Christoph , Kressig Reto W. , Blatow Maria 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionIn geriatric clinical diagnostics, gait analysis with cognitive‐motor dual tasking is used to predict fall risk and cognitive decline. To date, the neural correlates of cognitive‐motor dual tasking processes are not fully understood. To investigate these underlying neural mechanisms, we designed an fMRI paradigm to reproduce the gait analysis.MethodsWe tested the fMRI paradigm’s feasibility in a substudy with fifteen young adults and assessed 31 healthy older adults in the main study. First, gait speed and variability were quantified using the GAITRite© electronic walkway. Then, participants lying in the MRI‐scanner were stepping on pedals of an MRI‐compatible stepping device used to imitate gait during functional imaging. In each session, participants performed cognitive and motor single tasks as well as cognitive‐motor dual tasks.ResultsBehavioral results showed that the parameters of both gait analyses, GAITRite© and fMRI, were significantly positively correlated. FMRI results revealed significantly reduced brain activation during dual task compared to single task conditions. Functional ROI analysis showed that activation in the superior parietal lobe (SPL) decreased less from single to dual task condition than activation in primary motor cortex and in supplementary motor areas. Moreover, SPL activation was increased during dual tasks in subjects exhibiting lower stepping speed and lower executive control.ConclusionWe were able to simulate walking during functional imaging with valid results that reproduce those from the GAITRite© gait analysis. On the neural level, SPL seems to play a crucial role in cognitive‐motor dual tasking and to be linked to divided attention processes, particularly when motor activity is involved.
Care pathways models and clinical outcomes in Disorders of consciousness
Authors: Sattin Davide , Morganti Laura , De Torres Laura , Dolce Giuliano , Arcuri Francesco , Estraneo Anna , Cardinale Viviana , Piperno Roberto , Zavatta Elena , Formisano Rita , D'Ippolito Mariagrazia , Vassallo Claudio , Dessi Barbara , Lamberti Gianfranco , Antoniono Elena , Lanzillotti Crocifissa , Navarro Jorge , Bramanti Placido , Corallo Francesco , Zampolini Mauro , Scarponi Federico , Avesani Renato , Salvi Luca , Ferro Salvatore , Mazza Luigi , Fogar Paolo , Feller Sandro , De Nigris Fulvio , Martinuzzi Andrea , Buffoni Mara , Pessina Adriano , Corsico Paolo , Leonardi Matilde 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivePatients with Disorders of consciousness, are persons with extremely low functioning levels and represent a challenge for health care systems due to their high needs of facilitating environmental factors. Despite a common Italian health care pathway for these patients, no studies have analyzed information on how each region have implemented it in its welfare system correlating data with patients’ clinical outcomes.Materials and MethodsA multicenter observational pilot study was realized. Clinicians collected data on the care pathways of patients with Disorder of consciousness by asking 90 patients’ caregivers to complete an ad hoc questionnaire through a structured phone interview. Questionnaire consisted of three sections: sociodemographic data, description of the care pathway done by the patient, and caregiver evaluation of health services and information received.ResultsSeventy‐three patients were analyzed. Length of hospital stay was different across the health care models and it was associated with improvement in clinical diagnosis. In long‐term care units, the diagnosis at admission and the number of caregivers available for each patient (median value = 3) showed an indirect relationship with worsening probability in clinical outcome. Caregivers reported that communication with professionals (42%) and the answer to the need of information were the most critical points in the acute phase, whereas presence of Non‐Governmental Organizations (25%) and availability of psychologists for caregivers (21%) were often missing during long‐term care. The 65% of caregivers reported they did not know the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.ConclusionThis study highlights relevant differences in analyzed models, despite a recommended national pathway of care. Future public health considerations and actions are needed to guarantee equity and standardization of the care process in all European countries.
Impact of diabetes mellitus on procedural and one year clinical outcomes following treatment of severely calcified coronary lesions with the orbital atherectomy system: A subanalysis of the ORBIT II study
Authors: Lee Michael S. , Martinsen Brad J. , Lee Arthur C. , Behrens Ann N. , Shlofmitz Richard A. , Kim Christopher Y. , Chambers Jeffrey W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe goal of the study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of the coronary orbital atherectomy system to treat severe coronary artery calcification (CAC) prior to stent placement in diabetic and non‐diabetic patients.BackgroundThe ORBIT II study reported the safety and efficacy of orbital atherectomy treatment in 443 patients with severe CAC. Percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic patients is associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) compared with non‐diabetics. The outcomes of diabetic patients who undergo orbital atherectomy are unknown.MethodsPatients were sub‐grouped as either diabetic (160/443, 36.1%) or non‐diabetic (283/443, 63.9%). The MACE rate, defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI; CK‐MB > 3X ULN), and target vessel revascularization, was examined at 30 days and 1 year after treatment.ResultsProcedural success was similar in the diabetic and non‐diabetic groups (89.3 vs. 88.6%, P = 0.88). There was no significant difference in the 30‐day and 1‐year MACE rates between the diabetic and non‐diabetic groups (30 day: 8.8 vs. 11.3%; P = 0.40; 1 year: 17.1 vs. 16.7%, P = 0.97). The individual components of cardiac death (3.9 vs. 2.9%, P = 0.58), MI (9.4 vs. 11.3%, P = 0.52), and target vessel revascularization (5.9 vs. 5.8%, P = 0.99) were also similar in both groups at 1 year.ConclusionsThe rates of adverse clinical events in diabetic patients who underwent orbital atherectomy were low and similar to non‐diabetic patients. This study suggests orbital atherectomy is a reasonable treatment strategy for diabetic patients with severe CAC.
Carbon Nanotubes Loaded on Graphene Microfolds as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Fang Bo , Yang Jia , Chen Chen , Zhang Chunxiao , Chang Dan , Xu Hangxun , Gao Chao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAdvanced bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are promising to improve the efficiency of fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Among the state‐of‐the‐art efficient oxygen electrocatalysts, heteroatom‐doped carbon materials are favorable candidates. However, the enriched doping requires a highly exposed carbon skeleton. Here, we report a scalable route to prepare carbon nanotubes (CNTs) loaded on graphene microfolds (CGFs) by a low‐temperature spray‐drying procedure. Molecular‐level assembly of graphene and CNTs, mesoporous structures, and large specific surface areas permit the carbon skeleton of CGFs to be highly exposed. After doping with abundant nitrogen and phosphorous (5.58 at % for N, 0.1 at % for P), CGFs exhibit excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity for both the ORR and OER, with superb durability and methanol tolerance. The measured variance of the ORR and OER metrics (ΔE=Ej=10−E1/2) was low at 0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE), being within only 20 mV of Pt‐ and Ru‐based electrodes, and superior to transition‐metal‐based catalysts and other carbon catalysts. Such efficient overall electrocatalytic activity allows CGFs to be used for high‐performance oxygen electrodes in renewable energy devices.
Significantly Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Activity of Freestanding Pd‐Ru Distorted Icosahedral Clusters with less than 600 Atoms
Authors: Liu Suli , Zhang Qinghua , Bao Jianchun , Li Yafei , Dai Zhihui , Gu Lin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFreestanding metal nanoclusters can tune, precisely and effectively, the Gibbs free energy (ΔGH) of atomic hydrogen on the surface of materials. This enables the enhancement of hydrogen evolution activity. In this paper, we report a study of freestanding Pd‐Ru distorted icosahedral clusters (ico‐clusters) with less than 600 atoms by using a simple one‐pot synthesis method. This Pd‐Ru ico‐cluster can be used as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic water, which is a promising alternative to Pt. The experimental and theoretical results suggest that the face‐centered cubic (fcc) freestanding Pd‐Ru distorted ico‐clusters with less than 600 atoms ensure increased active edges and distorted defect sites, which reduce the coordination number for the atoms on the catalyst surface. Furthermore, Ru is a more effective hydrogen dissociation source, whereas Pd has a better hydrogen storage function. Pd‐Ru can tune the ΔGH of atomic hydrogen adsorbed on a catalyst and reach an optimal equilibrium state that improves the HER performance. Our studies represent a robust approach towards the development of freestanding Pd‐Ru distorted ico‐clusters and advanced catalysts with non‐Pt content for HER and many other heterogeneous reactions.
The Concept of Value for CSR: A Debate Drawn from Italian Classical Accounting
Authors: Costa Massimo , Torrecchia Patrizia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper underlines the importance of the concept of value for corporate social responsibility (CSR) and then explores it beyond economics, looking for its social and philosophical roots. Considering the most recent literature on the matter, the dilemma between a non‐monetary, multi‐variable conception and a monetary, one‐variable conception is set. To obtain the origins of the meaning for this basic concept in CSR, Italian literature regarding ‘value in accounting’ is explored. The main result from this first survey is the existence of a ‘chain’ from the highest conception of value (philosophical, ethical), to the most practical conception (accounting techniques of measurement). By this first approach, some provisional normative clauses are then deduced, in a ‘problem‐setting attitude’ to be tested by means of further research on the topic, exploring other literature and building a new general paradigm to finally provide a commonly shared measure for social value. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment